tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Similarities and Differences Between REPEAT and EPIC3
Authors: Donald M. Jensen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters17 November 2009Similarities and Differences Between REPEAT and EPIC3Donald M. Jensen, MD and Patrick Marcellin, MDDonald M. Jensen, MDFrom University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, and Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy 92110, France.Search for more papers by this author and Patrick Marcellin, MDFrom University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, and Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy 92110, France.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-10-200911170-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Poynard for pointing out some differences between the noncomparative EPIC3 trial (1) and the randomized, international REPEAT trial (2). We agree that differences in the proportion of patients with advanced fibrosis are noteworthy; however, this may not be the most important difference between the 2 studies. The EPIC3 investigators recruited patients who did not achieve an SVR after at least 12 weeks of treatment with any type of interferon plus ribavirin, regardless of the nature of the previous virologic response (1). Thus, the EPIC3 study population was a heterogeneous mixture primarily consisting of patients who ...References1. Poynard T, Colombo M, Bruix J, Schiff E, Terg R, Flamm S, et al; EPIC Study Group. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin: effective in patients with hepatitis C who failed interferon alfa/ribavirin therapy. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:1618-28.e2. [PMID: 19208349] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Moucari R, Ripault MP, Oulès V, Martinot-Peignoux M, Asselah T, Boyer N, et al. High predictive value of early viral kinetics in retreatment with peginterferon and ribavirin of chronic hepatitis C patients non-responders to standard combination therapy. J Hepatol. 2007;46:596-604. [PMID: 17218037] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, and Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy 92110, France.Disclosures:Consultancies: D.M. Jensen (Roche). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRe-treatment of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Who Do Not Respond to Peginterferon-α2b Donald M. Jensen , Patrick Marcellin , Bradley Freilich , Pietro Andreone , Adrian Di Bisceglie , Carlos E. Brandão-Mello , K. Rajender Reddy , Antonio Craxi , Antonio Olveira Martin , Gerlinde Teuber , Diethelm Messinger , James A. Thommes , and Andreas Tietz Similarities and Differences Between REPEAT and EPIC3 Thierry Poynard and Eugene Shiff Metrics 17 November 2009Volume 151, Issue 10Page: 754-755KeywordsConflicts of interestFibrosisInterferons ePublished: 17 November 2009 Issue Published: 17 November 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sleepwalking as a symptom of bulimia.
Authors: W R Guirguis
Journal: BMJ (1986)

mean duration of labour for primiparous women was less than six hours.7Only 5% of the women had labours lasting longer than 10 hours.Afteractive management oflabour had been introduced their definition of prolonged labour was reduced from 36 hours to 12 hours.The prevalence of caesarean section varied from 4i00/o to 5-3%.The other components of active-management include the artficial rupturing of the membranes if labour does not progress according to a predetermined schedule and the use of intravenous oxytocin if the desired progress is not achieved by rupturing the membranes.These measures were used in 300/o of the cases.Although the effect of each of the three components has never been evaluated separately, the continuous support given by the midwife in this system could have effects similar to those observed in our two studies.We;can only speculate about the mechanisms by which social support reduces the duration oflabour and perinatal complications.Although the presence of a companion might account for the obstetrician making fewer interventions, it cannot also account for the reduced duration of labour.We favour explanations based on the effects the companion may have on-the mother.-Adrenaline is known to reduce uterine muscle contractions.'Lederman et al noted a correlation between plasma adrenaline concentrations and self reported anxiety.9Increased concentrations of plasma adrenaline were associated with both anxiety and prolonged duration oflabour.By lessening anxiety in women in labour social support may prevent an increase in catecholamine concentrations and thus shorten the duration of labour.Studies in pregnant pigs and monkeys reveal that psychological stress can reduce uterine and placental blood flow and thereby fetal oxygenation.10It By reducing the stress of labour social support mgt reduce the number of infants admitted for intensive care.If the results of this study can be replicated in other obstetric units in other hospitals present practices may be appre- ciably altered.This model may be useful in exploring the m'ech-; anss by which s'upport influences physiological processes.This study was
The 28th Amendment
Authors: Ruric Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 October 1999The 28th AmendmentRuric Anderson, MDRuric Anderson, MDMedical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226 (Anderson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Davidoff and Reinecke's editorial (1) discussed access to health care coverage and health care as a right. This discussion is not about access; it is about coverage. Everyone has access to any emergency department or doctor's office. Paying for the medical services is the actual issue. Providing universal coverage of health care is not the right approach because it requires forcefully taking and redistributing resources from others. This violates our constitutional rights. Taking from productively earned resources and redistributing to persons who are not working hurts everyone. Society in effect is rewarding those who do not have ...Reference1. Davidoff F, Reinecke RD. The 28th Amendment [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:692-4. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI 53226 (Anderson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe 28th Amendment Frank Davidoff and Robert D. Reinecke The 28th Amendment Frank Davidoff and Robert D. Reinecke The 28th Amendment Richard L. Neubauer The 28th Amendment Frederick Paola The 28th Amendment Thomas J. Romano Metrics 5 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 7Page: 543KeywordsEmergency departmentForecastingHealth careHealth insuranceMedical services Issue Published: 5 October 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Incidence and Trend of a Metabolic Syndrome Phenotype Among Tehranian Adolescents
Authors: Mohammad Afkhami-Ardekani, Saleh Zahedi-Asl, Maryam Rashidi, Mitra Atifah, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Fereidoun Azizi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence and trend of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study during 3.6 years of follow-up. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 932 adolescents, aged 10–19 years, who had complete data and returned for reassessment 3.6 years later were investigated. RESULTS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome at baseline and after 3.6 years was 7.4 and 6.7%, respectively, based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III definitions; 3.5 and 8.0%, respectively, based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions; 4.1 and 9.4%, respectively, based on the American Heart Association (AHA) definitions; and 13.6 and 13.4%, respectively, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) definitions. Incidence rates were 5.2% (95% CI 3–6) based on ATP III, 6.8% (5–8) based on IDF, 8.3% (6–10) based on AHA, and 8.8% (6–10) based on NHANES definitions. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of metabolic syndrome is high in Tehranian adolescents.
One Life—One Physician: An Inquiry Into the Medical Profession's Performance in Self-Regulation
Authors: Russell B. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The medical service industry, as the nation's second largest enterprise, could not long escape probing by Ralph Nader.<i>One Life—One Physician</i>is the report of a self-styled "nonexpert" study group which has examined "the medical profession's performance in self regulation." The verdict is, total inadequacy—the profession does not merit the trust which the public places in it! The "study" is largely a review of existing literature reinforced by a few questionnaires. The evidence of competent medical practice is taken to be recorded histories, many laboratory tests, and accessory examinations. Experience, in lieu of expensive cookbook addenda, is given no place. The naivete of the report, from the viewpoint of the practicing physician, is inconsequential. Rather, it should be noted that the probers have run into the same frustrations which have beset the profession for lo these many years. Doctors can scarcely fault the novices for proposing yardsticks such as "70%
Binding of the products of prothrombin activation to human platelets.
Authors: D M Tollefsen, C M Jackson, P W Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Binding of prothrombin and activation intermediates 1 and 2 to human platelets was tested with 125-I-labeled protein preparations. None of these precursors of thrombin bound to platelets under conditions in which high affinity binding of thrombin was observed,nor did they cause platelet aggregation or serotonin release. The molecular conformation required for binding to platelets as well as for induction of platelet aggregation and release is present, therefore, only after the final step in prothrombin activation.
Functional Consequences of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Qiang Xiong, Lei Ye, Pengyuan Zhang, Michael Lepley, Jinfeng Tian, Jun Li, Liying Zhang, Cory Swingen, J. Thomas Vaughan, Dan S. Kaufman, Jianyi Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The use of cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as cellular therapy for myocardial injury has yet to be examined in a large-animal model.Immunosuppressed Yorkshire pigs were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: A myocardial infarction group (MI group; distal left anterior descending coronary artery ligation and reperfusion; n=13); a cell-treatment group (MI with 4×10(6) vascular cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells administered via a fibrin patch; n=14); and a normal group (n=15). At 4 weeks, left ventricular structural and functional abnormalities were less pronounced in hearts in the cell-treated group than in MI hearts (P<0.05), and these improvements were accompanied by declines in scar size (10.4±1.6% versus 8.3±1.1%, MI versus cell-treatment group, P<0.05). The cell-treated group displayed a significant increase in vascular density and blood flow (0.83±0.11 and 1.05±0.13 mL·min(-1)·g(-1), MI versus cell-treatment group, P<0.05) in the periscar border zone (BZ), which was accompanied by improvements in systolic thickening fractions (infarct zone, -10±7% versus 5±5%; BZ, 7±4% versus 23±6%; P<0.05). Transplantation of vascular cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells stimulated c-kit(+) cell recruitment to BZ and the rate of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in both c-kit(+) cells and cardiomyocytes (P<0.05). Using a magnetic resonance spectroscopic saturation transfer technique, we found that the rate of ATP hydrolysis in BZ of MI hearts was severely reduced, and the severity of this reduction was linearly related to the severity of the elevations of wall stresses (r=0.82, P<0.05). This decline in BZ ATP utilization was markedly attenuated in the cell-treatment group.Transplantation of vascular cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells mobilized endogenous progenitor cells into the BZ, attenuated regional wall stress, stimulated neovascularization, and improved BZ perfusion, which in turn resulted in marked increases in BZ contractile function and ATP turnover rate.
Prolonged Bed Rest in the Treatment of the Dilated Heart
Authors: G. E. BURCH, J. J. WALSH, V. J. FERRANS, R. HIBBS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

In addition to the clinical disadvantages of progressive congestive heart failure, thromboembolic phenomena, and rhythm disturbances there are hemodynamic effects of considerable magnitude that arise from cardiac dilatation. While fully cognizant of all these factors, we are also aware of the limitations of conventional therapy in effecting return of heart size to normal. Prolonged complete bed rest in conjunction with conventional forms of therapy is being utilized in patients with idiopathic myocardial disease and cardiac dilatation in an effort to unload the heart. It is thought that the minimization of cardiac work, a good diet, and avoidance of alcohol, pregnancy, infection, and the like have permitted recovery and return of heart size to normal in approximately half of the patients treated thus far. Continuation of therapy and close observation by the physician after ambulation and discharge from the hospital cannot be overemphasized.
The Problem of Medical Knowledge: Examining the Social Construction of Medicine
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In this stimulating, although densely written group of essays by physicians, anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, and historians, a case is made for the proposition that medical knowledge is inextricably embedded in the basic values, mores, experiences, and ideologies of the society that gives it birth, and as such, medicine cannot claim special detachment or truth as its own. The writers of this volume seek to show the limits of the view that separates medicine, as a technical and scientific calling, from other social and intellectual forces, therefore setting it apart from factors that influence these activities. The viewpoint of the modern scientific revolution, which separates medical facts and theories from social values and contexts, is presented here as falsely dichotomizing their linkage and unity. The perspective of "social constructivism," which this school of thought calls itself, is, the volume's editors' state, "that medicine is a form of social practice which observes,
Radiologic Estimation of Heart Volume
Authors: John S. Hanson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Heart size can be determined by a simple radiologic method here described. The method, widely used in Europe, depends on 3 measurements made on standard posteroanterior and lateral chest films at focal distances from 150 to 200 cm. The heart volume is calculated by slide rule from these data. Correlations of radiologically determined heart volume with other anatomic and physiological variants, such as calculated body surface area, total hemoglobin content, and physical working capacity, provide indices for recognizing cardiac enlargement and other cardiophysiologic abnormalities. This method has theoretical and practical advantages, and the author believes it to be the most uniform and precise plan for utilizing rediologic data for serial determinations of heart size.
Altered profiles of spontaneous novelty seeking, impulsive behavior, and response to D-amphetamine in rats perinatally exposed to bisphenol A.
Authors: Walter Adriani, Daniele Della Seta, Francesco Dessì-Fulgheri, Francesca Farabollini, Giovanni Laviola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogen with potentially averse effects on public health. We studied the long-term effects of perinatal exposure to BPA on later behavior in adult rats of both sexes. BPA or vehicle was administered orally to mother rats from mating to pups' weaning, at a concentration (0.040 mg/kg) within the range of human exposure. The offspring of both sexes were tested at adolescence (postnatal days 35-45) for novelty preference (experiment 1). After a 3-day familiarization to one side of a two-chamber apparatus, on day 4 rats were allowed to freely explore the whole apparatus. BPA-exposed females spent significantly less time than did controls in exploration of the novel side (i.e., increased neophobia), whereas no effect was found in the male group. At adulthood, the same animals were food deprived and tested for profiles of impulsive behavior (experiment 2), in operant chambers provided with two nose-poking holes (delivering either five or one food pellet). After the establishment of a baseline preference for the large reinforcer, a delay was introduced before the delivery of the five food pellets, which was progressively increased each day (10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 80, 100 sec). As expected, all animals exhibited a progressive shift toward the immediate but smaller reinforcer. A reduced level of impulsive behavior (i.e., a shift to the right in the intolerance-delay curve) was evidenced in BPA-treated rats. The frequency of inadequate responding (during the length of the delay) also provided a measure of restless behavior. Interestingly, the profile of BPA-treated males was feminized, strongly resembling that of control females. Animals were then tested (experiment 3) for the response to an amphetamine challenge (1 mg/kg, subcutaneously). The drug-induced increment activity was significantly less marked in BPA-treated male rats compared with controls. These findings provide clear indirect evidence of long-term alterations in brain monoaminergic function after perinatal BPA exposure. This may be a cause for concern for public health, confirming that exposure to a weak environmental estrogen in the period of sexual differentiation of the brain can influence adult behavior.
C5a-Inhibitor Deficiency — A Role in Familial Mediterranean Fever?
Authors: Arthur D. Schwabe, Thomas J. A. Lehman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The sequence of events that precipitate the recurrent febrile attacks of familial Mediterranean fever has fascinated clinicians ever since the disease became firmly established as a distinct clinical entity in 1945.1 Clues to its cause seemed to be provided by its prevalence in specific ethnic groups in the Mediterranean littoral, a high familial incidence, and the clinical manifestations of self-limited, febrile paroxysms and serosal inflammation. Early authors, impressed by the intermittency of attacks and a high incidence of atopy, searched vainly for an exogenous allergen. In a comprehensive study of the disease in Israel in 1958, Heller at al. postulated . . .
United Kingdom research governance strategy
Authors: S. Kerrison
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The new research governance strategy marks a radical overhaul of the arrangements for medical research in the NHS and academic institutions with far reaching implications for all those taking part in research. The days of registrars and consultants singlehandedly doing research projects are over 

As part of the reforms to NHS research and development strategy announced in 2000, the Department of Health published a research governance strategy for England.1 The basic framework governing research in England had remained unchanged since the 1960s. It is based on measures introduced after the second world war to protect research subjects, such as international convention law,2 international codes of conduct for the medical profession,3 and legal regulation of the pharmaceutical industry. However, the introduction of greater commercial interests into the NHS through research networks involving both public and private interests challenge these protective arrangements. We consider whether the new Research Governance Framework for Health and Social Care1 and the new arrangements for research ethics committees will provide counterbalance to these interests.

In our previous paper we discussed the many partnerships and networks springing up with the commercial sector, the lack of clear accountability arrangements, and the potential for conflicts of interest introduced by the reforms of NHS research and development.4 The involvement of commercial interests was also promoted in the Health and Social Care Act 2001. This encourages NHS institutions to exploit the intellectual property derived from research on patient data and tissues for commercial gain. The head of research for GlaxoSmithKline described the NHS as one of the most underexploited resources of genetic data and tissue in the world,5 which illustrates the large potential for conflicts of interest. The risks posed by maximising the economic potential of research on human subjects have been partly ameliorated by enhanced …
TNFα Release Results in Increased Expression of the Innate Immune Regulatory Molecule Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) in a Model of Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) and Ozone-Induced Airway Inflammation
Authors: S. Kierstein, Y. Cao, X. Yang, A. Das, A. Haczku
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
INTRAVENOUS PROTEIN THERAPY
Authors: A. E. Gow
Journal: BMJ (1920)

13Y "intravenous protein therapy" is implied the intravenous injection of a "'foreign " protein in tlhe treatment of disease.A "foreign" protein is one not normally present in the tissues of man.Intravenous injection of certain proteins in certain doses gives rise to a chain of symptoms and signs to whlicll the expressive but misleading term " protein shock" lhas been applied by American workers.* An abstract of a pap.r read befoie the Huniterian Society on January 28th, 1920.syringe bave been pushed Into the vein the needie Is withldrawn and the arm held v&,rtically upwards for a few minutes to prevent extravasatlon of blood; lno dressing is requlred.
A Role in Transition
Authors: Eliezer M. Van Allen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

On Being a Doctor15 September 2009A Role in TransitionEliezer M. Van Allen, MDEliezer M. Van Allen, MDFrom University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0119.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-6-200909150-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About 1 hour after another helping of 3-bean chili, I was paged to the emergency department for a new admission. The patient was an elderly woman with dementia and a medical history longer than most. Her knees were pressed against her chest, and her breathing was labored. She had no chief complaint. She had been nonverbal for months, on good days able to answer simple questions with a “yes” or a “no.” However, she was in respiratory distress, she had probably aspirated again, and her condition was rapidly deteriorating. Her family was at her bedside, some tearful, others stern and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eliezer M. Van Allen, MDAffiliations: From University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0119.Corresponding Author: Eliezer M. Van Allen, MD, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M-987, San Francisco, CA 94143-0119; e-mail, eliezer.vanallen@ucsf.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Two-Sided Coin of Appropriate ICU Care 15 September 2009Volume 151, Issue 6 Page: 427-428 Keywords Adolescents Attention Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Deception Dementia Elderly Heart Thorax Touch Walking ePublished: 15 September 2009 Issue Published: 15 September 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...