tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Apparent Malpractice by Osteopath.
Authors: William Krauss
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Memphis, Tenn., Oct. 5, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On Sept. 15, 1907, a woman from out of the city applied for a room at a local hospital, and, on assurance that she could have her own physician, had her brother, W. W. M., a man about 40 years old, brought in in a comatose condition. Her "physician" proved to be an osteopath, a cure-sect legalized in this state, with its own board of examiners. After he had given the patient a "treatment," the nurse in charge of the floor became suspicious and alarmed and asked the resident physician in to see the case. The patient's sister was very resentful and gave snappy and unsatisfactory answers to questions concerning the history of the case. On examination the patient was found to have temperature of 102 F.; pulse was 108, and respiration 34 and stertorous. The pupils were moderately contracted and insensible
Value of Azacyclonol on Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: S. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The main goal of this article is to establish a dynamic profile of poverty and to evaluate the impact of economic growth on poverty and income inequality. The economic literature inspired by the previous theoretical works of Alesina and Perotti (1993), Ravallion (2004), Stiglitz (2013), and Ferreira (2016) shows that there is an inverse correlation between the income inequality approached by the Gini index and the economic growth measured by the gross domestic product (GDP), but the facts prove that this is not always the case. The objective of this article is to establish whether there is econometric evidence of such relationships. For this purpose, we used econometric methods to take into account the heterogeneity of the panel data used (lower-middle-income countries in the period covering 1970–2018). Using a fixed-effect approach and consistent with expectations, the authors argue that an increase in income inequality decreases GDP per capita in the selected sample. The authors found, after controlling for heterogeneity, an overall one-percentage-point rise in the poverty gap and that the Gini index decreased GDP per capita by around 3.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Accordingly, the path to sustainable economic growth in the future passes through a reduction of inequalities, especially income inequalities, by instituting public actions and policies for the poorest people. <b>TOPIC:</b>Financial crises and financial market history <b>Key Findings</b> • Using a fixed-effect approach the authors argue that an increase in income inequality decreases GDP per capita in the selected sample. The authors found, after controlling for heterogeneity, an overall one percentage-point rise in the poverty gap and that the Gini index decreased GDP per capita by around 3.8% and 6.8%, respectively. • Accordingly, the path to sustainable economic growth in the future passes through a reduction of inequalities, especially income inequalities, by instituting public actions and policies for the poorest people. • They affirm that economic growth is not enough to eradicate poverty. Although it is a necessary and insufficient condition, it must be combined with the implementation of targeted actions and policies to reduce present and future inequalities.
HRT and the Young at Heart
Authors: Michael E. Mendelsohn, Richard H. Karas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

For the past decade, women and health care providers have faced confusing information about the effects of hormone-replacement therapy, or HRT, on heart disease. Important practical questions have remained unresolved: Who can safely receive hormone-replacement therapy? Who is at increased risk from hormone-replacement therapy? Might any women benefit from hormone-replacement therapy for reasons other than relief from menopausal symptoms?Now, some clarity about hormone-replacement therapy and heart disease is emerging. New research supports the concept that hormone-replacement therapy has different effects on blood vessels in younger menopausal women (50 to 59 years old) than in women long after menopause, underscoring . . .
Work Is Related to a Substantial Portion of Adult-onset Asthma Incidence in the Finnish Population
Authors: ANTTI KARJALAINEN, KARI KURPPA, RAMI MARTIKAINEN, TIMO KLAUKKA, JUSSI KARJALAINEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

There are no population-based follow-up studies to estimate the fraction of asthma incidence that is attributable to work. In Finland, individuals with clinically well-established persistent asthma are registered for reimbursement of medication from the national health insurance scheme. We combined, at an individual level, these data with the population census data of 1985, 1990, and 1995 to estimate the attributable fraction of work in adult-onset persistent asthma. Our follow-up study covered the entire 25- to 59-yr-old employed population of Finland in 1986-1998. Relative risks (RR) for occupational categories were estimated in comparison to those employed in administrative work. There were 49,575 incident cases of asthma. The attributable fraction of occupation was 29% (95% CI 25-33%) for men and 17% (95% CI 15-19%) for women. The risk was increased especially in agricultural work, manufacturing work, and service work. In addition to already established risk occupations of occupational asthma, such as food and beverage work, the analysis identified a large number of occupations with significant excess of asthma incidence. The results indicate that the impact of occupational factors in the inception of adult-onset persistent asthma, and consequently the potential for prevention, is much larger and more widely spread than generally assumed.
Effects of magnesium on the tone of isolated human coronary arteries. Comparison with diltiazem and nitroglycerin.
Authors: T Kimura, H Yasue, N Sakaino, M Rokutanda, M Jougasaki, H Araki
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To study the effects of magnesium (Mg2+) on human coronary arteries and to compare those effects with those of diltiazem and nitroglycerin, we measured the tension of ring segments from isolated human coronary arteries obtained at autopsy within 5 hours after death. Precontracted segments with 3 x 10(-6) M prostaglandin F2 alpha were studied after adding cumulative concentrations of these agents (1.0-8.0 mM, 10(-9)-10(-5) M, and 10(-10)-10(-6) M, respectively). Mg2+ significantly inhibited the tonic contraction compared with the time-matched controls at 1.0 and 2.0 mM (48.7 +/- 5.6% vs. 88.6 +/- 2.2%, p less than 0.01, 36.2 +/- 6.1% vs. 78.9 +/- 3.0%, p less than 0.01, respectively). 1.0 and 2.0 mM Mg2+ did not suppress, but actually increased, the amplitude of periodic contraction, but 8.0 mM Mg2+ reduced the amplitude compared with the controls (6.6 +/- 5.2% vs. 73.3 +/- 10.7%, p less than 0.01). Diltiazem at a concentration of 10(-5) M moderately inhibited the tonic contraction, and reduced the amplitude of periodic contraction almost completely. Nitroglycerin reduced the tonic contraction almost completely at a concentration of 10(-6) M but did not reduce the amplitude of periodic contraction at any concentration. We conclude that 1.0 and 2.0 mM Mg2+ inhibits the tonic contraction and that 8.0 mM Mg2+ inhibits the periodic as well as the tonic contraction of isolated human coronary arteries. Diltiazem inhibits the periodic contraction, whereas nitroglycerin suppresses tonic contraction without affecting the periodic contraction.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM FOLLOWING OXYGEN INJECTION OF A KNEE
Authors: SAMUEL KLEINBERG
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It is almost axiomatic that we learn as much from our mistakes as from our successes. My purpose in this report is to call attention to a case in which an error in the technic of oxygen inflation of a knee joint was followed by pulmonary embolism and cardiovascular failure, and nearly resulted in a catastrophe. I have injected so many joints with oxygen without the slightest untoward result that I had come to the conclusion that the procedure is entirely harmless. During my early experience with pneumarthrosis, I often used too strong a current and injected more of the gas than was necessary, and though I did not deflate the joints I did not see any ill effects. The joint was widely distended and the superfluous gas infiltrated the subcutaneous and intermuscular planes and the muscles themselves. The gas was gradually absorbed, disappearing in from eighteen to seventy-two hours.
Medicare and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Peter J. Neumann, Allison B. Rosen, Milton C. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In this article, the authors discuss the obstacles to the use of cost-effectiveness analysis in Medicare decisions about coverage. They argue that policymakers could avert the impending financial crisis facing Medicare by incorporating cost-effectiveness analysis into a comprehensive strategy to allocate health care resources more rationally.
Acute airways obstruction in children under 5.
Authors: A D Milner, R L Henry
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Acute airways obstruction in children under 5 Acute airways obstruction in children under 5 presents a major challenge to the paediatrician and the general practitioner.Wheezing occurs more fre- quently in this age group than in any other,' 2 but response to treatment cannot be predicted from information on older children and adults.34Many youngsters are unable to use the inhaler devices that have altered the management of older asthmatic patients so dramatically.In addition, their inability to co-operate in lung function tests has severely limited the collection of data on the pathophysiology of their lung disease as well as the objective assessment of their responses to various treatment regi- mens.5Only in the last 15 years, with the develop- ment of the infant total-body plethysmograph6 and the forced oscillation technique,7 have we begun to obtain information on wheezy preschool chil- dren.' 48 Under the age of 3 years the need for prior sedation with chloral hydrate has limited studies to those who are no longer critically ill9 10 and has meant that the results may be to some extent dis- torted by the sedation.Nature of acute airways obstruction in the very young Young children with airways obstruction can be divided into two groups.The first includes all those with recurrent attacks of coughing and wheezing.Because these attacks frequently follow viral upper respiratory tract infections' " they are sometimes labelled "chest infection," "bronchitis," "wheezy on July 12, 2023 by guest.
Seroprevalence of Aquaporin-4–IgG in a Northern California Population Representative Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sean J. Pittock, Vanda A. Lennon, Nandini Bakshi, Ling Shen, Andrew McKeon, Hong Quach, Farren B. S. Briggs, Allan L. Bernstein, Catherine A. Schaefer, Lisa F. Barcellos
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Using an aquaporin-4 (AQP4) M1-isoform-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a fixed transfected cell-based assay (CBA), we tested AQP4-IgG in a northern California population representative cohort of 3293 potential cases with multiple sclerosis (MS). Seropositive cases were tested additionally by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, a live transfected cell-based assay.Sera samples were available in 1040 cases; 7 yielded positive results, 4 by ELISA alone and 3 by both ELISA and CBA. Clinical data (episodes of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis [reported on at least 1 magnetic resonance imaging spine]) supported the alternative diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica for 2 patients as seropositive by both ELISA and CBA. These 2 patients alone tested positive by a fluorescence-activated cell-sorting assay. The diagnosis of MS was considered correct in the other 5 patients. Thus, 5 ELISA results and 1 fixed CBA result were false positive.Sensitive serological evaluation for AQP4-IgG in this large population-representative cohort of predominantly white non-Hispanic patients with MS reveals that neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is rarely misdiagnosed as MS in contemporary US neurological practice (0.2%). The frequency of a false-positive result for ELISA and CBA in this MS cohort were 0.5% and 0.1%, respectively. This finding reflects the superior specificity of CBA and justifies caution in interpreting AQP4-IgG results obtained by ELISA.
FDA Weighs Limits for Online Ads
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biological Aspects of Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

One cannot review this book without citing the following editorial comment: The roots of plastic surgery are the same as those of general surgery. To treat major surgical problems effectively the plastic surgeon must have a firm grasp on fluid and electrolyte physiology and parenteral fluid therapy. He must understand "normal" metabolism and the metabolic response to injury. Knowledge of the physiology of blood oxygen, transport bleeding, and coagulation is required. Many present-day plastic surgeons choose to renounce their general surgical backgrounds and refuse to undertake the management of difficult problems such as acute burns, pediatric fluid management and post-traumatic septic shock, even when these conditions complicate the care of their own patients. By doing so they render themselves merely technicians. This increasing concern is shared by many "general" plastic surgeons.<i>Biological Aspects of Reconstructive Surgery</i>will be a welcome volume since it provides a fund of newer information of
SF3B1 mutations correlated to cytogenetics and mutations in NOTCH1, FBXW7, MYD88, XPO1 and TP53 in 1160 untreated CLL patients
Authors: S Jeromin, S Weissmann, C Haferlach, F Dicker, K Bayer, V Grossmann, T Alpermann, A Roller, A Kohlmann, T Haferlach, W Kern, S Schnittger
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Alpha-2 adrenoceptor blockade protects rats against lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: H E Fessler, L Otterbein, H S Chung, A M Choi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Alpha-2 adrenoceptors are widely distributed in vascular and nonvascular tissue where they mediate diverse physiologic effects. We noted the laboratory anesthetic urethane, which possesses alpha-2 adrenergic blocking activity, protected rats against lethal endotoxemia (1). Therefore, we undertook the present study to examine whether specific alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonism would protect against lethality and organ injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with doses of the alpha-2 antagonist rauwolscine up to 1 mg/kg, followed by 20 mg/kg LPS. The highest rauwolscine dose decreased mortality from 100% to zero. In contrast, the alpha-2 agonists xylazine or UK 14,304 increased the lethality of a lower, 10-mg/kg dose of LPS from 20% to 80 to 100%. Rauwolscine administered after LPS had no protective effect against mortality. Rauwolscine pretreatment significantly reduced bowel hemorrhage and liver dysfunction induced by 20 mg/kg LPS, but it had no effect on hematologic changes, the rise in plasma creatinine, or lung myeloperoxidase content. Peak tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were decreased from 1,305 +/- 333 to 493 +/- 155 pg/ml (p < 0.05) in animals pretreated with rauwolscine. Arterial pressure and heart rate was higher after LPS in animals pretreated with rauwolscine. We conclude that alpha-2 adrenergic blockade protects against LPS, either by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha production or through direct effects on the target tissues of endotoxemia.
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values in the 'Sensitivity and Specificity of Clinical Diagnostics'-Reply
Authors: R. B. Hill, R. E. Anderson, C. R. Key
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Several individuals have called our attention to an unfortunate error in typing that led to publication of an incorrect Table 1. The correct version, as they have all pointed out, is as shown (Table). Drs Woodruff and Baron make an important point in noting that predictive values (which we termed<i>clinical accuracy</i>in an attempt to make it more understandable to those not expert in decision theory) are sensitive to changes in prevalence. As a matter of fact, predictive values were added to the manuscript in response to the suggestion of one of the reviewers, who remarked that their use would be acceptable, so long as they were not going to be directly applied in the screening of other populations. In some of the diseases we studied, there was a marked change inprevalence (as in the case of tuberculosis) that accounted for much of the change in
Deletion of murine kininogen gene 1 (mKng1) causes loss of plasma kininogen and delays thrombosis
Authors: Sergei Merkulov, Wan-Ming Zhang, Anton A. Komar, Alvin H. Schmaier, Ellen Barnes, Yihua Zhou, Xincheng Lu, Takayuki Iwaki, Francis J. Castellino, Guangbin Luo, Keith R. McCrae
Journal: Blood (2007)
Five years' experience of a "prepregnancy" clinic for insulin-dependent diabetics.
Authors: J M Steel, F D Johnstone, A F Smith, L J Duncan
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The hazards associated with pregnancy in the insulin-dependent diabetic have altered considerably within the past 60 years.1 Nowadays there is rarely a serious risk to the life or health of the mother, while the "classical" grotesquely obese offspring, prone to respiratory distress syndrome and dangerous metabolic disturbance in the neonatal period, is seldom encountered.The frequency of severe congenital abnormalities, however, does not appear to have declined, and this now constitutes the major target for further improvement in the management of the pregnant diabetic.'Most of these abnormalities occur before seven weeks' gestation.3It has been suspected since the observa- tions of Pedersen4 that congenital abnormalities are related to poor diabetic control during the early stages of pregnancy, and work in rats has suggested that hyperglycaemia in early pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of congenital abnormalities.5Since the advent of measuring haemoglobin Al (HbAJ) as an index of diabetic control, studies have been undertaken and are continuing in several centres to relate the outcome of pregnancy to HbAl levels during pregnancy.Studies published so far suggest an association between high HbAl in early pregnancy and congenital abnormalities. 6-8 This was one of several considerations behind the establish- ment in Edinburgh towards the end of 1976 of what was probably the first prepregnancy clinic for diabetics.9Our five years'
A zetetic's perspective on gesture, speech, and the evolution of right-handedness
Authors: Amir Raz, Opher Donchin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Charmed by Corballis's presentation, we challenge the use of mirror neurons as a supporting platform for the gestural theory of language, the link between vocalization and cerebral specialization, and the relationship between gesture and language as two separate albeit coupled systems of communication. We revive an alternative explanation of lateralization of language and handedness.
Thrombocytopenia and Intravenous Heroin Use
Authors: WILLIAM H. ADAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Five young male heroin users presented with a syndrome resembling acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Although a viral, autoimmune, or toxic origin cannot be conclusively excluded at present, data are most consistent with the hypothesis that the thrombocytopenia was due to a drug-related immunologic mechanism that resulted in peripheral platelet destruction. Epidemiologic considerations suggest the common agent involved in their illnesses was present in the heroin they used. Although glucocorticoid therapy was followed by clinical recovery in four of the five patients (one was lost to follow-up), it is not certain that this represented a causal relation.
Comments on Dr. Deaver's Article "Walled Off."
Authors: R. B. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Melton, Del., Jan. 19, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Deaver's article inThe Journalof A. M. A., of January 5, is interesting as well as instructive. We all appreciate an early diagnosis as much as early treat ment, and his statement "Let me insist that you have your cases of appendicitis operated on, yes, immediately after the onset of the initial pain," seems rather strong. For my own benefit and also for a large number of the profession, we would like the Doctor to give us the symptoms of the initial pain, its character and location. The symptoms of appendicitis are so varied and deceptive that I am sure many hesitate to operate, owing to the fact of being unable to arrive at an early positive diagnosis. We are inclined to think that should the Doctor's advice be taken many abdomens would be opened and normal conditions in relation
A Developmental Study of the Neural Circuitry Mediating Motor Inhibition in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Judah D. Weathers, Argyris Stringaris, Christen M. Deveney, Melissa A. Brotman, Carlos A. Zarate, Jr., Megan E. Connolly, Stephen J. Fromm, Stephanie B. LeBourdais, Daniel S. Pine, Ellen Leibenluft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2012)

Despite increased interest in the developmental trajectory of the pathophysiology mediating bipolar disorder, few studies have compared adults and youths with bipolar disorder. Deficits in motor inhibition are thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the illness across the age spectrum. The authors compared the neural circuitry mediating this process in bipolar youths relative to bipolar adults and in healthy volunteers.