tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comorbid Diabetes and COPD
Authors: Gillian E. Caughey, Adrian K. Preiss, Agnes I. Vitry, Andrew L. Gilbert, Elizabeth E. Roughead
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To identify if there is a dose-dependent risk of diabetes complications in patients treated with corticosteroids who have both diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD).A retrospective study of administrative claims data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans' Affairs, from 1 July 2001 to 30 June 2008, of diabetes patients newly initiated on metformin or sulfonylurea. COPD was identified by dispensings of tiotropium or ipratropium in the 6 months preceding study entry. Total corticosteroid use (inhaled and systemic) in the 12 months after study entry was determined. The outcome was time to hospitalization for a diabetes-related complication. Competing risks and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted with adjustment for a number of covariates.A total of 18,226 subjects with diabetes were identified, of which 5.9% had COPD. Of those with COPD, 67.2% were dispensed corticosteroids in the 12 months from study entry. Stratification by dose of corticosteroids demonstrated a 94% increased likelihood of hospitalization for a diabetes complication for those who received a total defined daily dose (DDD) of corticosteroids≥0.83/day (subhazard ratio 1.94 [95% CI 1.14-3.28], P=0.014), by comparison with those who did not receive a corticosteroid. Lower doses of corticosteroid (<0.83 DDD/day) were not associated with an increased risk of diabetes-related hospitalization.In patients with diabetes and COPD, an increased risk of diabetes-related hospitalizations was only evident with use of high doses of corticosteroids. This highlights the need for constant revision of corticosteroid dose in those with diabetes and COPD, to ensure that the minimally effective dose is used, together with review of appropriate response to therapy.
THE REGULATION OF PINOCYTOSIS IN MOUSE MACROPHAGES
Authors: Zanvil A. Cohn, Eileen Parks
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Bovine sera contain factors which are capable of agglutinating mouse erythrocytes and stimulating the pinocytic activity of cultivated mouse macrophages. The hemagglutinating and vesicle-inducing activities of sera increase with the age of the animal and are absent in fetal calf serum. The majority of this material is recovered in globulin fractions prepared with Na2SO4-(NH4)2SO4 and is absent in bovine fraction II. It behaves as a macroglobulin in studies employing zone electrophoresis, Sephadex G-200 filtration, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and in its sensitivity to 2-mercaptoethanol and heat. Absorption of bovine sera with either mouse erythrocytes or spleen cells removes the hemagglutinating and pinosome-inducing properties of the sera. The addition of small quantities of bovine macroglobulin to mouse macrophages results in a stimulation of pinocytic activity, phase-dense granule formation and the cellular content of three acid hydrolases. In the presence of heat-labile factors, the macroglobulin initiates the hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes and the cytolysis of mouse macrophages. This material is thought to represent an interspecies γM-type antibody directed against common antigenic determinants on the mouse erythrocyte and macrophage surface.
Immunoglobulin D Multiple Myeloma with Thrombocytosis
Authors: JOHN E. NESTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1981Immunoglobulin D Multiple Myeloma with ThrombocytosisJOHN E. NESTLER, M.D.JOHN E. NESTLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-412_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Multiple myeloma is usually associated with a normal or decreased platelet count. The rarity of thrombocytosis accompanying multiple myeloma has been noted by Waldenström (1) and Crosby (2). In 1973 Zimelman (3) reported three cases of multiple myeloma with platelet counts ranging between 400 000 and 871 000/mm3. I would like to report a patient recently examined at the Medical College of Virginia who had IgD multiple myeloma with associated thrombocytosis.A 76-year-old black man was admitted to the coronary care unit in October 1980 for ventricular ectopy found during a routine visit to the general medicine...References1. WALDENSTRÖM J. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1970:70. Google Scholar2. CROSBY W. Thrombocytosis, In: BRINKHOUS KM, SHERMER RW, MOSTOFI FK, eds. The Platelet. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co.; 1971:309-14. (Monograph no. 11, International Academy of Pathology Series). Google Scholar3. ZIMELMAN A. Thrombocytosis in multiple Myeloma. Ann Intern Med. 1973;78:970-1. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEssential Thrombocythemia and Multiple Myeloma: Two Rare Diseases in One PatientLiteraturverzeichnis 1 March 1981Volume 94, Issue 3Page: 412-412KeywordsCardiac care unitMultiple myelomaPlateletsThrombocytosis Issue Published: 1 March 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Letter: Death in asthma.
Authors: G K Crompton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

visit Should the first level be above 7 mnnIl/l (270 mg/100 ml) or any subse- quent value exceed this figure, then the pill should normally not be commenced or con- tinued.But even where there are no facilities for such analyses the well-trained presmiber, whether medical or non-medical, and the fully informed user should be able to balance the dangers of the pill against its benefits in each individual case.
Incidence of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Natalie A. Molodecky, Hashim Kareemi, Rohan Parab, Herman W. Barkema, Hude Quan, Robert P. Myers, Gilaad G. Kaplan
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Incidence studies of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are important for describing the disease's burden and for shedding light on the disease's etiology. The purposes of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the incidence studies of PSC with a meta-analysis and to investigate possible geographic variations and temporal trends in the incidence of the disease. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1950–2010) and Embase (1980–2010) was conducted to identify studies investigating the incidence of PSC. The incidence of PSC was summarized with an incidence rate (IR) and 95% confidence intervals. The test of heterogeneity was performed with the Q statistic. Secondary variables extracted from the articles included the following: the method of case ascertainment, the country, the time period, the age, the male/female incidence rate ratio (IRR), and the incidence of PSC subtypes (small-duct or large-duct PSC and inflammatory bowel disease). Stratified and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity between studies and to assess effects of study quality. Time trends were used to explore differences in the incidence across time. The search retrieved 1669 potentially eligible citations; 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. According to a random-effects model, the pooled IR was 0.77 (0.45–1.09) per 100,000 person-years. However, significant heterogeneity was observed between studies ( P &lt; 0.001). Sensitivity analyses excluding non–population-based studies increased the overall IR to 1.00 (0.82–1.17) and eliminated the heterogeneity between studies ( P = 0.08). The IRR for males versus females was 1.70 (1.34–2.07), and the median age was 41 years (35–47 years). All studies investigating time trends reported an overall increase in the incidence of PSC. Conclusion: The incidence of PSC is similar in North American and European countries and continues to increase over time. Incidence data from developing countries are lacking, and this limits our understanding of the global incidence of PSC. (Hepatology 2011;)
Duplex Scanning of Renal Arteries for Stenosis
Authors: Jeffrey W. Olin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 February 1996Duplex Scanning of Renal Arteries for StenosisJeffrey W. Olin, DO, Marion Piedmonte, MA, and Jess R. Young, MDJeffrey W. Olin, DOCleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this author, Marion Piedmonte, MACleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this author, and Jess R. Young, MDCleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Chertow asserts that we erred in our calculations of positive and negative predictive values. Our definitions and our results, however, are correct. In fact, the formula provided by Dr. Chertow defines positive predictive value and negative predictive value exactly as we did.Positive and negative predictive values depend heavily on disease prevalence; however, when sensitivity and specificity are high, as in our study (both more than 98%) [1], positive and negative predictive values will be very high, given prevalence rates between 20% and 80%. The positive predictive value will be poor only if renovascular disease is very ...References1. Olin JW, Piedmonte MR, Young JR, De Anna S, Grubb M, Childs MB. Utility of duplex ultrasound scanning of the renal arteries for diagnosing significant renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:833-8. Google Scholar2. Olin JW, Melia M, Young JR, Graor RA, Risius B. Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. Am J Med. 1990; 88:46N-51N. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jeffrey W. Olin, DO; Marion Piedmonte, MA; Jess R. Young, MDAffiliations: Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1996Volume 124, Issue 3Page: 371KeywordsCohort studiesHypertensionNegative predictive valuePeripheral vascular diseasePositive predictive valueRenal arteriesRenal circulationRenal diseasesSpecificityStenosis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Esophageal Hemangioma: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: D. Cantero, T. Yoshida, T. Ito, M. Suzumi, M. Tada, K. Okita
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

We report on a 72-year-old man complaining of spontaneous retrosternal chest pain in whom an esophagogram showed a filling defect in the upper esophagus. On endoscopy, a polypoid lesion with a bluish-white surface was seen, the biopsy indicating the presence of a hemangioma. Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated the superficial origin of the lesion and the presence of vascular structures. Endoscopic resection was performed using a combination of hemostatic clipping and snare polypectomy, with excellent results. Follow-up for ten months did not reveal any recurrence.
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CHEMOTHERAPY OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Gensaburo Koga
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

JUDGING FROM THE MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE ANIMALS TREATED WITH THE LIQUID, ITS ACTION UPON THE TUBERCULAR LESIONS SEEMS TO BE ABOUT AS FOLLOWS: The effect of a single injection upon the lesions is either negative or inconspicuous. But after repeated injections of the preparation the congestion and leukocytic infiltration about the lesions are markedly decreased, the cheesy material resulting from degeneration of the lesions and other degeneration products are in process of absorption, and young connective tissue is being actively produced in the periphery. While these changes are taking place the number of the bacilli is also being reduced until finally they can no longer be detected on microscopic examination. Hence it appears that while the preparation may lack bactericidal action in vivo powerful enough to destroy all the bacilli at one injection, yet repeated infusions may nevertheless bring about the destruction of all the bacilli and the modification of the tubercular lesion into that of the suspended stage or even into the healed condition. Whether, therefore, the preparation brings about these results directly by killing the bacilli or indirectly by favoring the healing processes of the body, nevertheless it has power to inhibit the growth of or annihilate entirely the bacilli in vivo. The experiments reported leave no doubt that Liquid D is capable of bringing about the healing of experimental tubercular lesions; but thus far that most important problem in chemotherapeutics, namely, the extent of the cure produced, has not been solved. The experiments indicate that sterility of the tissues as far as microscopic examinations go has been secured; but microscopic examination is not after all an absolute test of sterility. In order to test this point, emulsions were made of the lungs, liver, spleen, and other organs of Treated Animals 134 and 135 (Table VII), and they were inoculated into the abdominal cavity of guinea pigs. Some of the animals receiving the emulsion developed tuberculosis, and therefore absolute sterility of the treated animals had not been obtained in these instances. The problem of the destination and distribution of the preparation in the body of the treated animal, as well as its action against the tubercle bacilli, lesions, and the tubercular organs of the infected guinea pigs, is now being studied further with results to be reported at some future time.
Incidence trends of keratinocytic skin cancers and melanoma in Israel 2006-11
Authors: T. Sella, I. Goren, V. Shalev, H. Shapira, J. Zandbank, J. Rosenblum, M.G. Kimlin, G. Chodick
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The incidence of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers (KCs) is rising worldwide. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and basal cell carcinoma (BCCs) are the most common of all cancers.To determine trends in the incidence of melanoma, BCC and SCC among 1·7 million members of Maccabi Healthcare Services (MHS) from 2006 to 2011.Data on patients newly diagnosed with melanoma, SCC and BCC were collected from the MHS Cancer Registry and based on histology reports from the centralized pathology laboratory. Age-specific and overall age-adjusted European standardized rates were computed. Trends were estimated by calculating average annual percentage change (AAPC).During the 6-year study period, 16,079 patients were diagnosed with at least one BCC, 4767 with SCC and 1264 with invasive melanoma. Age-standardized incidence rates were 188, 58 and 17 per 100,000 person years for BCC, SCC and melanoma, respectively. All lesions were more common among men and primarily affected the elderly. BCC rates were stable throughout the study period [AAPC -0·7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -4·5 to 3·2], while the incidence of SCC increased significantly (AAPC 15·5%, 95% CI 2·6-30·0). In contrast, melanoma rates continuously decreased (AAPC -3·0%, 95%CI -4·5 to -0·1).The incidence of KC in Israel is high. The disparities in incidence trends between SCC, BCC and melanoma allude to their different aetiologies. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, education and prevention programmes in a growing high-risk population.
The death of the author
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It takes skill to change a person’s attitude, even slightly, especially when that person is, like me, obdurate by nature and past middle age in the life cycle. But Professor David Ellis, author of the lucid and moving Death and the Author: How D H Lawrence Died, and Was Remembered (Oxford University Press, 2008), has caused me to revise upwards my opinion of Lawrence, at least as a man if not as a writer.

Lawrence died from tuberculosis, of course, as did many other writers. So many of them, in fact, died from the disease that one is inclined to suppose that it was an occupational hazard of a devotion to literature: proof, no doubt, of the danger of …
Free radicals and reperfusion arrhythmias. Commentaries on this month's Controversy articles From Thomas Podzuweit
Authors: T. Podzuweit
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Free radicals and reperfusion arrhythmias. Commentaries on this month's Controversy articles From Thomas Podzuweit Get access Thomas Podzuweit Thomas Podzuweit Max-Planck-Institut, Abteilung fur Experimentelle Kardiologie, D-6 123 1 Bad Nauheim, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 3, March 1994, Pages 428–431, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.3.428 Published: 01 March 1994
THE DERMATOLOGIC ASPECTS OF LEPROSY
Authors: ISADORE DYER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In undertaking a brief presentation of the dermatol- ogice of leprosy there stands out the prime question: fromFromint of view?Toview?udience, not technically trained in terms of dermatology, the subject theeal most must the diagnostic point of view, and in this apprehension of the subject a brief synopsis of salient skin leprosy is to be presented.There is no stereotyped classificationnd even when the attempt is made to make distinctive groups of ive groups of types of the disease thee x c e p t i o n s are mor e numerous than the r u l e .It is easier to study the skin evidences of leprosy on the presenting lesions than to try to fix the types in which any complex of symptoms may be looked for.On this basis, then, we may speak of macular leprosy, t uber - cular leprosy, bullous leprosy, pi gment ary l e p r o s y , n o d o s e leprosy, scaling leprosy, ulcerative l epr osy; and as a b e r - rant occurrences, atrophic leprosy, mutilating l e p r o s y and papular leprosy. MACULAR ROSYMacular leprosy may occur in three forms.Pirst, aF an expression of a general impression of the individual carrying a circulating infection of the disease and its organism.Such an eruption is evanescent; it has all the characteristics of an erythema multiforme of toxic type and the eruption is not characteristic of leprosy.Here the lesions are of various sizes, bilateral and symmetric, general over the whole body, and are light red, level with the skin, fade on pressure, have no fixed pigment and may be quite hyperesthetic so far as itching, heat and b\ persehybility are concerned.Such macules may disappear entirely or they may continue in situ, giving gradual place to infiltrated and even nodose lesions in the same areas.More often they disappear and may recur months afterward.With such evidences the general symptoms of leprosy are associated.Macular leprosy may be pigmentary from the start.Over the buttocks, hands, lace and legs, particularly, the eruption shows.inredd sh-brown macules, more or less rounded in outline, level with the skin, and persistent in all of these characteristics.
Thrombolysis in Stroke
Authors: Vladimir Hachinski
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Thrombolysis in stroke represents a break, through clots and nihilism.<sup>1</sup>Although thrombolysis can only be recommended for a minority of patients and under the strictest circumstances, it demonstrates dramatically that stroke can be treated. While the Australian Streptokinase (ASK) Trial<sup>2</sup>reported in this issue of THE JOURNAL was stopped early, it adds to the growing evidence that prompt intervention makes a difference in stroke. Unlike a cardiac arrest, in which brain viability is counted in minutes, early ischemic stroke harbors a dynamic mixture of salvageable tissue offering therapeutic windows lasting for hours.<sup>3</sup>The earlier the intervention, the better the prognosis; time is brain.<sup>4</sup>Similarly, the sooner thrombolytics are given, the better the chance for arterial recanalization and the lower the risk of complications.<sup>5</sup>This was a prior hypothesis and a finding of the ASK Trial, which suggested a beneficial effect in patients treated with streptokinase within
The Importance of Social, Cultural, and Economic Contexts, and Empirical Research in Examining “Undue Inducement”
Authors: Robert Klitzman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2005)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank Renée Fox, Joyce Plaza, Ruth Fischbach, Davin Skalinder, Joseph Siragusa, and Scott Reiners for their assistance with this paper.
Recommendations for Standardization of Leads and of Specifications for Instruments in Electrocardiography and Vectorcardiography
Authors: CHARLES E. KOSSMANN, DANIEL A. BRODY, GEORGE E. BURCH, HANS H. HECHT, FRANKLIN D. JOHNSTON, CALVIN KAY, EUGENE LEPESCHKIN, HUBERT V. PIPBERGER, HUBERT V. PIPBERGER, GERHARD BAULE, ALAN S. BERSON, STANLEY A. BRILLER, DAVID B. GESELOWITZ, LEO G. HORAN, OTTO H. SCHMITT
Journal: Circulation (1967)
THE BRACKENBURY TESTIMONIAL
Authors: J. F. Allan, T. R. Bailey, H. S. Beadles, A. C. Begg, R. A. Bolam, J. W. Bone, H. C. Bristowe, H. J. Cardale, L. J. Carroll, H. G. Dain, J. S. Darling, H. Davies, J. D'Ewart, C. E. Douglas, W. M. Eccles, C. E. S. Flemming, A. W. Forbes, E. R. Fothergill, G. G. Genge, T. D. Greenless, R. Harding, N. B. Harman, J. J. Healy, R. W. Henry, G. A. Johnston, A. T. Jones, E. K. L. Fleming, B. M. Lewis, E. Lewys-Lloyd, T. W. Locket, R. Luce, A. Lyndon, P. Macdonald, J. McGregor-Robertson, S. M. Mackenzie, A. Manknell, E. W. G. Masterman, H. Milbank-Smith, D. N. Morgan, S. G. Morris, H. F. Oldham, E. G. D. Pineo, F. Radcliffe, J. W. F. Rait, J. M. Rees, H. Shackleton, D. A. Sheahan, A. T. Smith, W. M. Smith, H. S. Souttar, E. A. Starling, W. E. Thomas, A. E. Tunstall, W. N. W. Watson, E. R. Woodroofe
Journal: BMJ (1924)
Jeremy Hunt succeeds Andrew Lansley as health secretary
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Andrew Lansley, architect of the latest NHS reorganisation in England, has been removed from his job as health secretary in the mid-term reshuffle, with the changes he began still incomplete. He will be replaced by Jeremy Hunt, who moves to health from culture, media, and sport. Lansley becomes leader of the House of Commons.

Though his complex and controversial Health and Social Care Act made Lansley deeply unpopular with many in the NHS, moving him now represents a major gamble by the prime minister, David Cameron, who defended the bill on its passage through parliament and committed huge amounts of political capital to it. Giving the job of implementing the act to Hunt may be a further gamble, given that he still faces unanswered questions about his role in the attempted takeover of Sky by News Corporation.

The reshuffle may reignite questions …