tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Landmark article Nov 11, 1911: Rejuvenation of cultures of tissues. By Alexis Carrel
Authors: A. Carrel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The duration of the life of cultures of tissues, up to now, has been very brief. In approximately from three to fifteen days after the preparation of the culture, the growth becomes progressively less rapid until it stops altogether. Following this, the tissues die and the cells disintegrate. It may easily be supposed that senility and death of tissues are not a necessary phenomenon and that they result merely from accidental causes, such as accumulation of catabolic substances and exhaustion of the medium. The suppression, then, of these causes should bring about the rejuvenation of the arrested culture and thus increase considerably the duration of its life. As it would be important, for many reasons, to keep tissues alive outside of the organism for a long period of time, I attempted to develop a method for the rejuvenation of the cultures of tissues. The rejuvenation consists in removing from the
D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, interindividual variation, and postnatal neuronal growth
Authors: Terry Elliott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

It is suggested that a connection between neurogenesis and brain part size is unsurprising. It is argued that neurogenesis cannot, however, be the only factor contributing to brain size. Highly individual post-natal experience radically shapes individual brains, leading to dramatic increases in brain size. The role of comparatively coarse statistical techniques in addressing these subtle biological issues is questioned.
Multiple pathways of capillary permeability.
Authors: E M Renkin
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Morphological and physiological studies indicate multiple routes for transport across capillary endothelium. However, the identification of the morphological counterparts of specific transport processes (or the assignment of specific transport roles to morphologically identifiable pathways) has been only partly achieved: the contribution of endothelial cell membranes to transport of water and small, lipid-insoluble molecules needs to be evaluated. The identification of the "small pore" pathway for water and lipid-insoluble molecules with the intercellular junctions still remains questionable. The contributions to total macromolecular transport of junctions, single vesicles (pinocytosis, cytopempsis), chains of vesicles, and fenestrae are not yet known.
Features of Recurrence of Triple Negative (TN) Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer (NMBC) Patients: A Single Institution Study.
Authors: A. Alarcon-Rozas, M. Cueva, J. Galarreta, J. Ramirez, J. Torres, E. Gonzales, L. Gamarra
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background.- TN breast cancer (BC) are the most agressive type of BC, and we do not have a target therapy against this type. Our goal is to determine the rate of recurrence, the affected organs and the DFS in these patients.Materials and Methods.-We reviewed 1042 charts of all diagnosed BC patients from January/2000 to December/2005 and choose 215 who were TN-NMBC. The data was analized by analitic and descriptive statistics in SPSS v. 17.0Results.- The rate of TN-NMBC were 20.6%(215) of them 18.6%(40) patients had recurrences with an average age of 52.5(31-93) years. The median DFS were 27 months with a median follow-up of 64 months. The Stage I, II and III were 7.5%(3); 32.5%(13) and 60%(24) respectevely for patients with recurrence. The most frequent involved organs with recurrence were visceral (lung and liver) 37.5%(15), bone 25%(10), skin 20%(8), CNS 12.5%(5) and contralateral breast 5%(2). Additionally we found five patients with history of familiar BC, and four of them were stage II with negative lymph node at diagnoses.Conclusion.- TN-NMBC are 20.6% of all BC, the majority of them were stage III (60%), the median DFS for patients with recurrence were 27 months, and the most frequent sites involved were visceral (37.5%) and bone (25%). It is very interesting pay attention even in early stages to patients with history of familiar BC for risk of recurrence, BRCA positive? Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2072.
Infection with netilmicin resistant Serratia marcescens in a special care baby unit.
Authors: D A Lewis, P M Hawkey, None WattsJA, D C Speller, R J Primavesi, P J Fleming, T L Pitt
Journal: BMJ (1983)

An outbreak of colonisation and infection with a netilmicin resistant strain of Serratia marcescens occurred in a special care baby unit. S marcescens was isolated from a total of 13 babies; significant infection occurred in five, of whom two died. Epidemiological investigation failed to detect a common source but gastrointestinal colonisation of babies formed a prolonged and possibly important reservoir for infection. Containment proved difficult until the unit was closed to new admissions, and even then spread to a temporary unit ensued. O Serotyping and bacteriophage typing disclosed a single epidemic strain. This produced an aminoglycoside acetylating enzyme (AAC(69)) conferring resistance to netilmicin and tobramycin and moderate resistance to amikacin. Use of gentamicin resulted in the isolation of serratia with increased resistance to all aminoglycosides, and, similarly, increased resistance to third generation cephalosporins emerged with their use.
GPs' leader calls for new dialogue on NHS if health bill is scrapped
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The chairman of the BMA’s General Practitioners Committee says that the Health and Social Care Bill will not increase GPs’ ability to improve the health service, as the government claims, and that a new dialogue is needed to set the agenda for the future of the NHS.

In a letter to all GPs in England, Laurence Buckman, the committee’s chairman, warns GPs that “over time, it has become clear that this is the most top-down reorganisation the NHS has seen since its inception” and that the changes planned for the NHS will damage GPs’ relationships with patients.

The letter follows a meeting of the committee earlier this week at which a motion was passed calling for the government to withdraw the bill and enter into dialogue with the BMA …
Pulmonary hypertension accompanying ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus. Management in infancy and early childhood.
Authors: J M Reid, E N Coleman, J G Stevenson
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Forty-one infants and children with the combination of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) were encountered over 20 years. Twenty-four presented in infancy with congestive cardiac failure. Pulmonary hypertension was present in 32, the cause in 19 being increased pulmonary blood flow. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was detected in 13 (indicated by a pulmonary to systemic resistance ratio (Rp : RS) greater than 0.24:1 and PVR greater than 4 units). Thus 22% had a pulmonary artery systolic pressure less than 30 mmHg and 68% had a pulmonary vascular resistance below four units, indicating an unusually mild form of the combined condition in these patients. Surgical management is discussed, and in particular the question of simultaneous closure of the defects during infancy. Cardiac failure, resistant to drug treatment, and increased PVR are indications of operation. The PDA should be closed and only if there is no substantial fall in pulmonary artery pressure is the VSD repaired.
Type 2 Diabetes and Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged Men and Women
Authors: Astrid C.J. Nooyens, Caroline A. Baan, Annemieke M.W. Spijkerman, W.M. Monique Verschuren
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes is associated with greater decline in cognitive function in middle-aged individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the Dutch prospective Doetinchem Cohort Study, cognitive functioning was measured twice within a 5-year time interval in 2,613 men and women. Participants were aged 43–70 years at baseline (1995–2002), and no one had a history of stroke. Change in scores on global cognitive function as well as on specific cognitive function domains (memory, speed of cognitive processes, and cognitive flexibility) were compared for respondents with and without type 2 diabetes (verified by the general practitioner or random plasma glucose levels ≥11.1 mmol/l). RESULTS At the 5-year follow-up, the decline in global cognitive function in diabetic patients was 2.6 times greater than that in individuals without diabetes. For individuals aged ≥60 years, patients with incident and prevalent diabetes showed a 2.5 and 3.6 times greater decline, respectively, in cognitive flexibility than individuals without diabetes. For most cognitive domains, the magnitude of cognitive decline in patients with incident diabetes was intermediate between that of individuals without diabetes and that of patients with diabetes at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged individuals with type 2 diabetes showed a greater decline in cognitive function than middle-aged individuals without diabetes.
Striking medics in Gaza temporarily return to work after talks with Hamas
Authors: Merav Sarig
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A month long strike by doctors in Gaza, as political factions struggle for control, came to an end last week. The move was billed as a gesture of goodwill at the end of the Muslim religious period Ramadan.

The strike began because those who were supporters of the ousted Fatah government lost their jobs under the Hamas government, which took over the Gaza Strip from Fatah in June. The new government appointed Bassem Naim as minister of health. He fired the directors of Gaza's main hospitals, who were identified with Fatah, as well as many doctors and medical personnel. They were replaced with people who identified with Hamas.

Among those who lost their …
Coping with Breast Cancer – a Longitudinal Prospective Study
Authors: E. Heim, K.F. Augustiny, A. Blaser, C. Bürki, D. Kühne, M. Rothenbühler, L. Schaffner, L. Valach
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

In a prospective longitudinal study over several years, 58 patients with breast cancer are compared to 52 patients with fibrocystic disease and 24 patients with mastodynia. Results of coping (as assessed with the Bernese Coping Modes) are presented for the illness course of the first 6 months: (1) There is considerable variation of coping depending on illness situation and illness state. A core group of coping modes is predominant in most situations: 'attention & care', 'problem analysis', and 'Tackling'. In average 10 different coping modes were used by patients per given illness situation. (2) The different aspects of illness (in the same organ) ask for different coping. In the initial evaluation phase, however, the possibly fatal diagnosis overrides these differences. (3) Change over time (first 6 months) is net. Besides the core group of coping modes mentioned above, there is more variability in coping; in cancer a trend from a more fighting to a more accepting attitude is obvious; in fibrocystic disease more restricted coping is observed. Interdependence of coping with emotional stability and social adaptation will be studied as well.
Molecular Signatures of Lung Cancer — Toward Personalized Therapy
Authors: Roy S. Herbst, Scott M. Lippman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the world. Relapses are frequent after primary and adjuvant therapy and often evolve into lethal metastatic disease. Currently, lung-cancer staging rests on histopathological and clinical criteria that have only limited power to predict relapse and survival. A major effort to improve the control of lung cancer entails the use of molecular profiling to characterize tumors and provide accurate predictions of the outcome after standard or novel treatments.Such molecular studies of lung tumors began with single or relatively small groups of potential prognostic markers and have progressed to microarray analyses of thousands of . . .
DISAPPEARANCE OF TETANY AND ANEMIA AFTER RESECTION OF BLIND LOOP OF INTESTINE
Authors: Samuel Dvoskin
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The purpose of this report is to record the disappearance of tetany, hypocalcemia, and refractory anemia after resection of a blind loop of small intestine showing the pathological features of regional ileitis. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> M. G., a 34-year-old Italian woman living in the Philippines, was first seen on June 9, 1950, complaining of tetany and severe anemia of two years' duration. The patient had had frequent attacks of generalized abdominal pain and vomiting since childhood. In 1941 acute intestinal obstruction developed, necessitating resection of approximately 2 ft. (61 cm.) of distal ileum involved with regional enteritis. A fistula developed postoperatively, and a lateral ileotransverse colostomy without colon resection was done eight months later, followed by resection of multiple fistulas. Fourteen abdominal operations were done by a series of surgeons—Philippine, German, Japanese, and finally American army surgeons—before, during, and after the Japanese invasion. In addition, the patient was treated
A Study of Reflex Venomotor Reactions in Man
Authors: JOHN J. DUGGAN, V. LOGAN LOVE, RICHARD H. LYONS
Journal: Circulation (1953)

By the use of simple clamps, a segment of a forearm vein was temporarily isolated from the circulation so that change in pressure within the segment measured change in venous tone. Reflex venoconstriction was elicited by appropriate stimuli. These reactions could be blocked by interruption of the sympathetic pathway to the vein under study. The magnitude of the responses obtained supports the concept that neurogenic venomotor reactions may be quantitatively significant in circulatory adjustments.
TCT-233 Comparison of Drug-eluting Stent Implantation With Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients With Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Lesions and SYNTAX Score ≤32: Impact of Second-generation Drug-eluting Stent
Authors: Yasushi Fuku, Kazushige Kadota, Seiji Habara, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Mutant p53 Enhances Nuclear Factor κB Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Cancer Cells
Authors: Lilach Weisz, Alexander Damalas, Michalis Liontos, Panagiotis Karakaidos, Giulia Fontemaggi, Revital Maor-Aloni, Marina Kalis, Massimo Levrero, Sabrina Strano, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Varda Rotter, Giovanni Blandino, Moshe Oren
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor are very frequent in human cancer. Often, such mutations lead to the constitutive overproduction of mutant p53 proteins, which may exert a cancer-promoting gain of function. We now report that cancer-associated mutant p53 can augment the induction of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) transcriptional activity in response to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Conversely, down-regulation of endogenous mutant p53 sensitizes cancer cells to the apoptotic effects of TNFα. Analysis of human head and neck tumors and lung tumors reveals a close correlation between the presence of abundant mutant p53 proteins and the constitutive activation of NFκB. Together, these findings suggest that p53 mutations may promote cancer progression by augmenting NFκB activation in the context of chronic inflammation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2396–401]
[312] VEGF PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN MEDIATING ESTROGENS PROLIFERATE EFFECTS ON HUMAN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: M.G. Mancino, A. Mancino, A. Torrice, M.C. Bragazzi, I. Stammegna, G. Alpini, P. Onori, A. Franchitto, E. Gaudio, A.F. Attili, D. Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The current status of histamine receptors in human skin: therapeutic implications
Authors: M.G. D avies, M.W. G reaves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article The current status of histamine receptors in human skin: therapeutic implications Get access M.G. avies D, M.G. avies D Department of Dermatology, North Friary House, Greenbank Terrace, Plymouth, and Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, London WC2 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. reaves G M.W. reaves G Department of Dermatology, North Friary House, Greenbank Terrace, Plymouth, and Institute of Dermatology, Lisle Street, London WC2 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 5, 1 May 1981, Page 601, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb08181.x Published: 01 May 1981
Immunoglobulin E in Immunologic Deficiency Diseases. I. RELATION OF IGE AND IGA TO RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE IN ISOLATED IGE DEFICIENCY, IGA DEFICIENCY, AND ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA
Authors: Stephen H. Polmar, Thomas A. Waldmann, Suellen T. Balestra, Margaret C. Jost, William D. Terry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Serum immunoglobulin E concentration was studied in normal children and adults, in 25 patients with isolated IgA deficiency, and in 44 patients with ataxia telangiectasia using a double antibody radioimmunoassay. The geometric mean IgE level of the normal adult population studied was 105 ng/ml, with a broad 95% interval (5-2045 ng/ml). Individuals with concentrations less than 15 ng/ml were considered to be IgE deficient. IgE deficiency, defined in this way, was observed in 7 of 73 normal adults and was not found to be associated with respiratory tract disease.80% (35 of 44) of patients with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) were IgE deficient, 66% were IgA deficient, and 57% had combined IgE and IgA deficiencies. Although 45% of the patients with AT had respiratory tract disease, there was no correlation found between IgE deficiency or combined IgE and IgA deficiency and respiratory tract disease in these patients.11 of 25 individuals with isolated IgA deficiency were also IgE deficient. All 11 patients with both IgA and IgE deficiency were uniformly asymptomatic. However, there was an extremely high incidence (71%) of respiratory tract disease in IgA-deficient individuals who were not IgE deficient. These data fail to support the concept of a protective role for IgE in respiratory tract immunity. The possible role of IgE in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract disease in IgA-deficient patients is discussed.
Clinical study reports are not commercially confidential, says UK government
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The government has said that clinical study reports, which hold vast amounts of information on the conduct, adverse events, and outcomes of a trial, should be made publicly available once a regulatory decision about a drug has been made.1

It was responding to a report from MPs on the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee on clinical trials, published in September.2 The MPs said that the United Kingdom had an “unacceptable” approach to clinical trials that allowed the results of too many studies to remain unseen by clinicians, scientists, and the public and that …
Adiponectin gene polymorphisms modulate acute adiponectin response to dietary fat: Possible pathogenetic role in NASH
Authors: Giovanni Musso, Roberto Gambino, Franco De Michieli, Marilena Durazzo, Gianfranco Pagano, Maurizio Cassader
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Factors underlying the independent association of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with increased cardiovascular risk are unknown. Adiponectin polymorphisms predict cardiometabolic risk in the general population. This association is not always mediated by low fasting adiponectin levels, adipose tissue accumulation, or traditional risk factors. Adiponectin modulates lipid metabolism and liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) even in the absence of obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. We hypothesized adiponectin polymorphisms may predispose to NAFLD and may increase cardiovascular risk by modulating circulating lipoprotein and adiponectin response postprandially. The prevalence of adiponectin single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 45GT and 276GT was assessed in 70 nonobese, nondiabetic, normolipidemic NAFLD patients and 70 healthy matched controls; the impact of the adiponectin SNPs was subsequently correlated to liver histology and postprandial adiponectin and lipoprotein responses to oral fat load in a subgroup of 30 biopsy-proven patients with NASH and 30 controls. The 45TT and 276GT/TT genotypes were more prevalent in NAFLD patients than in controls and independently predicted the severity of liver disease in NASH. In both patients and controls, these genotypes exhibited a blunted postprandial adiponectin response and higher postprandial triglycerides (Tg), free fatty acids (FFA), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), and VLDL levels than their counterparts, despite comparable fasting adipokines, lipids, dietary habits, adiposity, and insulin resistance. They were also independently associated, together with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, with postprandial adiponectin response. IAUC adiponectin independently predicted postprandial Tg, FFA, oxLDL, and intestinal and hepatic VLDL subfraction responses in NASH.The at-risk adiponectin SNPs 45TT and 276GT are significantly more prevalent in NAFLD than in the general population; they are associated with severity of liver disease, with blunted postprandial adiponectin response, and with an atherogenic postprandial lipoprotein profile in NASH independently of fasting adipokine and lipid levels.
Unconjugated bilirubin and the bile from light exposed Gunn rats inhibit intestinal water and electrolyte absorption.
Authors: S Guandalini, A Fasano, F Albini, G Marchesano, A Nocerino, M De Curtis, F F Rubaltelli, A Pettenazzo, A Rubino
Journal: Gut (1988)

Jaundiced babies undergoing phototherapy often develop diarrhoea. The cause of it is still uncertain. Increasing evidence supports a role of a secretory mechanism for the diarrhoea. We therefore studied the effects of bile from congenitally jaundiced rats undergoing phototherapy and of unconjugated bilirubin on rat small intestine in vivo and in vitro. Results suggest that: (1) the bile from homozygous Gunn rats under phototherapy has an anti-absorptive effect when tested in the perfused jejunum of normal Wistar rats; (2) unconjugated bilirubin has a dose dependent secretory effect on the intestinal transport of water and electrolytes, when tested in the same system. Alteration of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP, known intracellular mediators of secretion, was not observed. We conclude that free bilirubin is an intestinal secretagogue acting by an as yet unknown mechanism, that may mediate the secretory type of diarrhoea in jaundiced neonates undergoing phototherapy.