tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Institutional Review Board Approval and Publication of Human Research Results
Authors: Robert J. Amdur
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if journals' instructions for authors require that manuscripts being considered for publication indicate that studies involving human subjects had appropriate institutional review board (IRB) approval. <h3>Design.</h3> —A descriptive study of the ethical guidelines published in the Instructions for Authors sections of the 102 English-language biomedical research journals listed in the 1995<i>Abridged Index Medicus</i>. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Literature review. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Policy regarding IRB approval of studies that involve human subjects. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 102 journals surveyed, 48 (47%) require IRB approval of studies involving human subjects as a prerequisite for publication, and 25 (24%) do not present or refer the author to any information related to human research ethics. Of the remaining journals, 15 (15%) referred authors to the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, 3 (3%) to the Declaration of Helsinki, and 10 (10%) simply indicated that informed consent should be obtained. There was only 1 medical specialty (anesthesiology) in which all the representative journals presented the same ethical requirement. In the 48 journals that clearly required IRB approval of studies, 37 (77%) documented IRB approval with a statement in the manuscript, 7 (15%) required a separate signed statement from the author, and 4 (8%) did not mention a method of documentation. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The results of this study suggest that about half of the 102 English-language biomedical research journals listed in the 1995<i>Abridged Index Medicus</i>do not publish guidelines indicating that IRB approval of studies involving human research subjects is a requirement for publication. The manner in which publication requirements related to ethical standards are presented in biomedical research journals is extremely variable.
Abstract 1036: ARC synergizes with ABT-737 to induce apoptosis in human cancer cells
Authors: Uppoor Bhat, Bulbul Pandit, Andrei L. Gartel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Previously, we reported that the nucleoside analog/transcriptional inhibitor ARC was able to induce p53-independent apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines of different origin. This occurred at least in part by the suppression of Mcl-1 expression, which a short-lived, pro-survival member of the Bcl-2 family. Interestingly, pan-caspase inibitor Z-VAD-FMK protected leukemia cells from ARC-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein from down-regulation by ARC. At the same time treatment of human cancer cells with the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 alone led to up-regulation of Mcl-1 protein expression. Combination of sub-apoptotic concentrations of ABT-737 and ARC suppressed Mcl-1 expression, induced mitochondrial injury and potent apoptosis in wide variety of human cancer cell lines. In prostate cancer cells co-treatment with ARC and ABT-737 resulted in synergistic induction of cell death with combination index 0.7-0.8. These data suggest that ABT-737/ARC combination that simultaneously targets Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 may be efficient against human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1036.
A Probability Graph Describing the Predictive Value of a Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Test
Authors: Murray A. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

AN increasing number of publications designed to introduce science into the art of medical decision making have recently appeared.1 2 3 4 Although medical schools will eventually teach the new discipline, the graduate physician in practice has little time to learn it even if he has the prerequisites. To remedy this problem, one group has suggested that scientific decision making in medicine might be made as simple as looking up the correct prescription for a drug by the use of standard decision tables or decision graphs1; it is to this end that the present discussion is directed. One very important decision that . . .
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Potentiates MCM7-Mediated DNA Replication through Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Lyn Kinase in Human Cancers
Authors: Tzu-Hsuan Huang, Longfei Huo, Ying-Nai Wang, Weiya Xia, Yongkun Wei, Shih-Shin Chang, Wei-Chao Chang, Yueh-Fu Fang, Chun-Te Chen, Jing-Yu Lang, Chun Tu, Yan Wang, Ming-Chuan Hsu, Hsu-Ping Kuo, How-Wen Ko, Jia Shen, Heng-Huan Lee, Pei-Chih Lee, Yun Wu, Chung-Hsuan Chen, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Familial rheumatoid arthritis: linkage of HLA to disease susceptibility locus in four families where proband presented with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R D Rossen, E J Brewer, R M Sharp, J Ott, J W Templeton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The occurrence of a chronic seronegative polyarthritis has been studied in four families in which the proband presented with some form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. In these families, histocompatibility testing suggested that susceptibility to arthritis was controlled by a dominant allele with variable penetrance and expressivity at the rheumatoid-like arthritis, first locus (RLA-1). The combined lod scores for the four families (2.70) indicated that the odds in favor of genetic linkage between the major histocompatibility complex and the postulated disease susceptibility gene, RLA-1, were 500:1. In one family, a recombinant event permitted localization of RLA-1 centromeric to HLA-D. Of major interest was the fact that there was significant pleomorphism in the clinical manifestations of arthritis in affected individuals. In some, symptoms first occurred in childhood and in others, in adult life. Even among those with childhood-onset arthritis, different types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis were observed within the same family.
Fundus Polaroid Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy: Is One Print per Patient Enough?
Authors: Ernst Chantelau, Manuel Zwecker, Hartmut Weiss, Guido Kluxen, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The CR3-45 NM Canon nonmydriatic fundus camera detects relevant diabetic retinopathy with high sensitivity. To determine whether examination of one eye per patient would suffice for screening purposes, 473 pairs of standard 45° fundus Polaroid prints obtained with the Canon camera were assessed from 167 patients with and 306 without diabetic retinopathy. On the basis of considering only one eye per patient, absence of retinopathy would have been diagnosed in 336 patients, with 9% of the diagnoses false negative. One hundred thirty-seven of the 167 patients with retinopathy in at least one eye would have been diagnosed correctly by considering one eye per patient (sensitivity 82%, specificity 100%). Thus, a standard 45 degree fundus Polaroid print from one eye per patient may suffice for screening purposes if the picture is free from diabetic abnormalities. Otherwise, both eyes should be examined immediately, and the patient should be referred to an expert ophthalmologist who specializes in diabetic retinopathy for confirmation of the diagnosis and staging of diabetic retinopathy status.
The mechanism of thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis: The role of functional spleen volumeserum thrombopoietin levels and anti-platelets-specific antibodies
Authors: E. Zuckerman, G. Bouskila, T. Zuckerman, L. Bonstein, N. Lanir, Y. Shechter, A. Toubi, E. Toubi, D. Yeshurun, D. Groshar
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Letter by Tsikas Regarding Article, “Dietary Nitrate Ameliorates Pulmonary Hypertension: Cytoprotective Role for Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Xanthine Oxidoreductase”
Authors: Dimitrios Tsikas
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Baliga et al 1 reporting that inorganic nitrite (NO 2 Ϫ ) or inorganic nitrate (NO 3 Ϫ ), given in drinking water, ameliorated pulmonary hypertension in mice.This work and previous studies by this and other groups indicate that NO 2 Ϫ and NO 3 Ϫ may exert vasodilatory effects in vivo and are, therefore, of particular pharmacological interest. 2It is generally believed that the vasodilatory effects of NO 2 Ϫ and NO 3 Ϫ
Tissue Cations and Water in Arterial Hypertension
Authors: LOUIS TOBIAN, JOHN T. BINION
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Human hypertensive subjects were found to have an increased sodium and water concentration in renal artery and psoas muscle. Hypertensive rats showed a high water content in their aortas. If the water and sodium content were increased in hypertensive arterioles as well as arteries, the swelling of the arteriolar walls would narrow the lumens enough to account for much of the increased peripheral resistance. Low sodium diets may alleviate hypertension by lowering the sodium and water contents in arteriolar walls toward normal values.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Size and Promotes Factors of Plaque Stability in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Karine Oumouna-Benachour, Chetan P. Hans, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Amarjit Naura, Rahul Datta, Souad Belmadani, Kenneth Fallon, Cooper Woods, A. Hamid Boulares
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was suggested to play a role in endothelial dysfunction that is associated with a number of cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that PARP may play an important role in atherogenesis and that its inhibition may attenuate atherosclerotic plaque development in an experimental model of atherosclerosis.Using a mouse (apolipoprotein E [ApoE](-/-)) model of high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis, we demonstrate an association between cell death and oxidative stress-associated DNA damage and PARP activation within atherosclerotic plaques. PARP inhibition by thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolin-5-one reduced plaque number and size and altered structural composition of plaques in these animals without affecting sera lipid contents. These results were corroborated genetically with the use of ApoE(-/-) mice that are heterozygous for PARP-1. PARP inhibition promoted an increase in collagen content, potentially through an increase in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and transmigration of smooth muscle cells to intima of atherosclerotic plaques as well as a decrease in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production, all of which are markers of plaque stability. In PARP-1(-/-) macrophages, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression was severely inhibited because of a defective nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation in response to lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, PARP-1 gene deletion not only conferred protection to foam cells against H2O2-induced death but also switched the mode of death from necrosis to apoptosis.Our results suggest that PARP inhibition interferes with plaque development and may promote plaque stability, possibly through a reduction in inflammatory factors and cellular changes related to plaque dynamics. PARP inhibition may prove beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Anomalous development of the hepatobiliary system in theinv mouse
Authors: Mark V. Mazziotti, Lauren K. Willis, Robert O. Heuckeroth, Marie C. LaRegina, Paul E. Swanson, Paul A. Overbeek, David H. Perlmutter
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Extrahepatic biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating disease of the neonate in which the hepatic and/or common bile duct is obliterated or interrupted. Infants and children with this diagnosis constitute 50% to 60% of the pediatric population that undergoes orthotopic liver transplantation. However, there is still very little known about the etiology and pathogenesis of BA. Several recent studies have demonstrated that anomalies of situs determination are more commonly associated with BA than previously recognized. In this study, we examined the pathogenesis of jaundice in the inv mouse, a transgenic mouse in which a recessive deletion of the inversin gene results in situs inversus and jaundice. The results show that these mice have cholestasis with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, failure to excrete technetium-labeled mebrofenin from the liver into the small intestine, lack of continuity between the extrahepatic biliary tree and the small intestine as demonstrated by Trypan blue cholangiography, and a liver histological picture indicative of extrahepatic biliary obstruction with negligible inflammation/necrosis within the hepatic parenchyma. Lectin histochemical staining of biliary epithelial cells in serial sections suggests the presence of several different anomalies in the architecture of the extrahepatic biliary system. These results suggest that the inversin gene plays an essential role in the morphogenesis of the hepatobiliary system and raise the possibility that alterations in the human orthologue of inversin account for some of the cases of BA in which there are also anomalies of situs determination.
Enhancement of Myogenic and Muscle Repair Capacities of Human Adipose–derived Stem Cells With Forced Expression of MyoD
Authors: Sébastien Goudenege, Didier F Pisani, Brigitte Wdziekonski, James P Di Santo, Claude Bagnis, Christian Dani, Claude A Dechesne
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Muscle disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) still need effective treatments, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may constitute an attractive cell therapy alternative because they are multipotent and accessible in adult tissues. We have previously shown that human multipotent adipose–derived stem (hMADS) cells were able to restore dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse. The goal of this work was to improve the myogenic potential of hMADS cells and assess the impact on muscle repair. Forced expression of MyoD in vitro strongly induced myogenic differentiation while the adipogenic differentiation was inhibited. Moreover, MyoD-expressing hMADS cells had the capacity to fuse with DMD myoblasts and to restore dystrophin expression. Importantly, transplantation of these modified hMADS cells into injured muscles of immunodepressed Rag2−/−γC−/− mice resulted in a substantial increase in the number of hMADS cell–derived fibers. Our approach combined the easy access of MSCs from adipose tissue, the highly efficient lentiviral transduction of these cells, and the specific improvement of myogenic differentiation through the forced expression of MyoD. Altogether our results highlight the capacity of modified hMADS cells to contribute to muscle repair and their potential to deliver a repairing gene to dystrophic muscles. Muscle disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) still need effective treatments, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may constitute an attractive cell therapy alternative because they are multipotent and accessible in adult tissues. We have previously shown that human multipotent adipose–derived stem (hMADS) cells were able to restore dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse. The goal of this work was to improve the myogenic potential of hMADS cells and assess the impact on muscle repair. Forced expression of MyoD in vitro strongly induced myogenic differentiation while the adipogenic differentiation was inhibited. Moreover, MyoD-expressing hMADS cells had the capacity to fuse with DMD myoblasts and to restore dystrophin expression. Importantly, transplantation of these modified hMADS cells into injured muscles of immunodepressed Rag2−/−γC−/− mice resulted in a substantial increase in the number of hMADS cell–derived fibers. Our approach combined the easy access of MSCs from adipose tissue, the highly efficient lentiviral transduction of these cells, and the specific improvement of myogenic differentiation through the forced expression of MyoD. Altogether our results highlight the capacity of modified hMADS cells to contribute to muscle repair and their potential to deliver a repairing gene to dystrophic muscles.
THE CURRENT STATUS OF ARMY PSYCHIATRY
Authors: ALBERT J. GLASS, KENNETH L. ARTISS, JAMES J. GIBBS, VINCENT C. SWEENEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The primary objective of the Army psychiatric program is the reduction of non-effective military performance due to psychological causes. In recent years this program has been expanded to include disciplinary offenders as well as the usual psychiatric disease categories. To implement this program, psychiatric personnel have been displaced from the hospital or clinic setting to the military community. This field approach has made possible the utilization of milieu as a major instrument in the development of primary, secondary, and tertiary techniques of preventive psychiatry. Statistical data are submitted which indicate that the Army psychiatric program has made significant contributions towards achieving the lowest recorded psychiatric hospitalization and medical discharge rates, and a marked reduction of the Army prisoner population.
Ethics and Etiquette in Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Annie Janvier, John Lantos
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

When parents voice their dissatisfaction with the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), it is often not because they think their baby has not received good medical care. Instead, it is often because their needs have not been addressed. Policy statements and pedagogy alike urge professionals to be empathetic, compassionate, honest, and caring. However, these theoretical concepts are generally endorsed without practical suggestions on how to achieve these goals. Negative encounters for parents are generally not about the caregivers' technical expertise or knowledge and often reflect a failure in a different domain. Simple rules of etiquette are not always applied in a busy NICU or in the hospital at large. The investigators of the POST (Parents from the Other Side of Treatment) group are health care professionals who regularly communicate with parents of sick children and who were also "NICU parents." We have developed an etiquette-based systematic approach to communication with families in the NICU. These specific and practical recommendations may help parents feel well treated and respected as they go through a challenging NICU stay.
The Association of Respiratory Infection, Recurrent Hematuria, and Focal Glomerulonephritis with Activation of the Complement System in the Cold
Authors: Noorbibi K. Day, H. Geiger, R. McLean, J. Resnick, A. Michael, R. A. Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The study of the activation of C3, C5, and C7 associated with the conversion of C3 in the serum of a 9-yr old girl after incubation at 0 degrees C for 6-8 h without utilization of C1, C4, and C2 is described. The patient has upper respiratory infections associated with recurrent gross hematuria, focal glomerulonephritis, and transient renal insufficiency. Histological lesions demonstrated the presence of B1c globulin IgA and properdin in the glomeruli. The activation of complement (C) in the cold requires the patient's IgA. Removal of IgA from the serum by immunoadsorption prevents activation and conversion of C3. Bactericidal and phagocytic activity is also impaired after incubation. C3 proactivator (C3PA) level is reduced before and after incubation. Properdin level drops after incubation. These findings suggest that the activation of C3 which is demonstrable in vitro may be a continuous process in vivo.
Children and Families Need Help After Disasters
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

WACO, Oklahoma City, Dunblane... Among the most poignant images stirred by these tragedies are those of children as both victims and survivors. Speakers at the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) discussed the aftermath of violence and the role of mental health services in helping children in these communities. <h3>Waco</h3> When 21 children, from 5 months to 12 years old, were released from the Branch Davidian compound over a 3-day period, state child protective services staff initially intended individual foster care placements. But the children were traumatized by having been in a shootout and taken from the world they knew, however flawed, reported Bruce Perry, MD, PhD, vice chair for research, Department of Psychiatry, and director of the CIVITAS ChildTrauma Programs at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. Perry's team and the Federal Bureau of Investigation wanted to keep them together. A cottage was made available at the
The Limited Spectrum of Patients Studied in Exercise Test Research
Authors: John T. Philbrick
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To investigate reasons for the wide variation in formal studies of sensitivity and specificity indexes for the diagnostic efficacy of the graded exercise test for angiographically defined coronary disease, data were collected on 205 consecutive exercise tests at two hospital-based exercise laboratories. For calculations of sensitivity and specificity, stress test data are usually analyzed with many exclusions for ineligibility, with equivocal results omitted, and only in patients undergoing angiography. Consequently, only 3% of patients who received the tests in this survey would have been included in a typical formal study of diagnostic efficacy. In the same way that the visible tip of an iceberg misrepresents its extent and depth, the patients assembled in studies of diagnostic tests may be a highly selected group that misrepresents the intended population. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2467-2470)
Pityriasis rubra pilaris in a mother and two daughters
Authors: M.A. Thomson, C. Moss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a disorder of keratinization of unknown cause. Most cases of PRP are sporadic but familial clustering has been reported.1–4 We report three members of one family with clinical and histological features of PRP (Fig. 1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of congenital PRP affecting two daughters. Patient 1 (generation II, offspring 1). The mother, now aged 33 years, developed PRP when she was 12 years old. There was no prior family history of PRP, psoriasis or atopy. She has the classical type of adult‐onset PRP typified by a cephalocaudal eruption of follicular hyperkeratotic papules progressing to generalized erythroderma with islands of sparing (Fig. 2a,b). She also has a scaly scalp, yellow thickening of the palms and soles and subungual hyperkeratosis. The clinical diagnosis of PRP was supported by histological findings of hyperkeratosis, patchy parakeratosis varying in both horizontal and vertical planes and follicular plugging.
Giving patients their own records in general practice: experience of patients and staff.
Authors: M Baldry, C Cheal, B Fisher, M Gillett, V Huet
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients have reacted positively to seeing their medical records in a general practice which has a predominantly working class population in south east London. Most patients were familiar with the information in their records. Older people tended to avoid reading their notes. There have been few inaccuracies and unpleasant reactions reported, and few problems have arisen.Physicians in a general practice in a working class neighborhood in London decided to allow patients to read their medical records. A survey showed that most patients did take advantage of this policy, understood the notes, and found them helpful and interesting. Upsetting feelings were experienced by 11%. Of those who did not read the notes, only four (17%) were frightened by what they might read, while others stated that they did not have their glasses, could not read, did not think it was their place, thought the notes would not be interesting, or did not understand the policy. Problems concerning early signs of serious disease, third party desire not to reveal information, and encouragement of litigation are discussed. Sharing records is thought to encourage trust and to be reassuring when carried out with simple precautions.