tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of levels of lipoprotein Lp(a), plasma lipids, and other lipoproteins with coronary artery disease documented by angiography.
Authors: G H Dahlen, J R Guyton, M Attar, J A Farmer, J A Kautz, A M Gotto
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In a study of 307 white patients who underwent coronary angiography, the relationship of coronary artery disease (CAD) to plasma levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) and other lipid-lipoprotein variables was examined. Lp(a) resembles low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in several ways, but can be distinguished and quantified by electroimmunoassay. CAD was rated as present or absent and was also represented by a quantitative lesion score derived from estimates of stenosis in four major coronary vessels. Coronary lesion scores significantly correlated with Lp(a), total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels by univariate statistical analysis. By multivariate analysis levels of Lp(a) were associated significantly and independently with the presence of CAD (p less than .02), and tended to correlate with lesion scores (p = .06). Among subgroups Lp(a) level was associated with CAD in women of all ages and in men 55 years old or younger. An apparent threshold for coronary risk occurred at Lp(a) lipoprotein mass concentrations of 30 to 40 mg/dl, corresponding to Lp(a) cholesterol concentrations of approximately 10 to 13 mg/dl. Plasma Lp(a) in white patients appears to be a major coronary risk factor with an importance approaching that of the level of LDL or HDL cholesterol.
The Reader's Burden
Authors: Ernest L. Levinger
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Journalhas become an increasingly useful and interesting source of information to me, and, although I am not given to writing letters to the editor, I should like to stress a daily problem facing all doctors in this country in the hope that, under your leadership, something may be done about it. The average internist (I can only speak for men in my own field) has a vast amount of material to analyze if he is to keep up with developments in his specialty. For this purpose he has at his command a group of excellent journals. Most of us manage to read at least some of the significant articles in the journal of our choice. Those of us who are interested in other phases of human activity must limit our time, indeed, budget it wisely. Families grow up around us, civic and professional committee work
Review Body's Report: Hospital Junior Staff
Authors: D. Abrahamson, R. C. B. Aitken, J. A. Bancroft, J. H. Corbett, A. J. Costello, C. Dare, I. Dresser, M. Faulk, J. C. Gunn, L. K. Hemsi, D. Hollander, R. E. Kendell, R. Levy, A. B. Mawson, M. G. E. Morgan, J. H. Orley, J. Steiner, J. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1966)
Progastrin-releasing peptide(31-98) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis.
Authors: N Shijubo, K Yamaguchi, M Hirasawa, Y Shibuya, M Inuzuka, T Kodama, S Abe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is present in the lung and functions as a growth factor for bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts. GRP may stimulate release of cytokines from alveolar macrophages. However, in interstitial lung diseases, the role of GRP has not been clarified, in part because of the instability of GRP. Progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) molecules are the actual GRP gene products. ProGRP molecules contain common extension peptides(31-98) [ProGRP(31-98)], which are not homologous with other proteins unlike GRP. With the ELISA, we measured ProGRP(31-98) concentrations in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Significant increased ProGRP(31-98) concentrations were found in sera and BAL fluids from patients with IPF or sarcoidosis when compared with healthy subjects. Serum ProGRP(31-98) values significantly correlated with BAL fluid ProGRP(31-98) values. In IPF and sarcoidosis, the release of the actual GRP gene products is increased in the lung and the bloodstream, and GRP may play a role during the processes of inflammation and remodeling in interstitial lung diseases.
Genipin inhibits UCP2-mediated proton leak and acutely reverses obesity- and high glucose-induced β cell dysfunction in isolated pancreatic islets
Authors: Chen-Yu Zhang, Laura E. Parton, Chian Ping Ye, Stefan Krauss, Ruichao Shen, Cheng-Ting Lin, John A. Porco, Bradford B. Lowell
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
THE DENTAL PULP—VIEWED WITHOUT THE MICROSCOPE.
Authors: Thos E Constant
Journal: JAMA (1904)

ABSTRACT Before entering on the subject-matter of the present paper may I be allowed to express my appreciation of the honor conferred on me by the invitation this Section of the American Medical Association—an association which enrolls in its list of membership names which are known to and revered by scientists all the world over. The invitation was not accepted without diffidence, for the subject allotted is a narrow one and the investigators many and devoted—indeed, it may safely be affirmed that during the last decade no structure in the human body has been more often or more closely scrutinized than the dental pulp. The majority of the observers have, however, given most attention to those points which require the microscope for their elucidation, and it is partly on that account that I intend to-day to confine myself to the macroscopic aspect of the subject.The human dental pulp has been
Electron microscopy of pulmonary vasculature after application of fulvine
Authors: C. A. Wagenvoort, K. P. Dingemans, G. G. Lotgering
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Wagenvoort, C. A., Dingemans, K. P., and Lotgering, G. G. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 511-521. <b>Electron microscopy of pulmonary vasculature after application of fulvine.</b> This is an electron microscopic study of the effect of fulvine on the pulmonary arteries and veins of the rat. Marked constriction of the arteries was evident from excessive crenation of the internal elastic membrane, resulting in squeezing of nuclei of both smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells between the folds on either side of this lamina. Four weeks after fulvine administration fibrin deposits were found in the arterial media followed by necrosis of muscle cells. In the adventitia there was a new development of smooth muscle fibres, probably derived from fibroblasts. In pulmonary veins and venules there was also constriction and hyperplasia of smooth muscle. The muscle cells showed pronounced cytoplasmic excrescences protruding into the endothelial layer. This probably reflects constriction of the muscle cells. As in the arteries, fibrin deposits and necrosis of muscle cells were observed from the fourth week onward.
GPs should take hold of mental health agenda
Authors: J. Clarke, M. Giles, E. Peck
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Risks of syringe exchange programmes in prisons prevailEditor-Since 1998, 203 366 prisoners in Bavaria have been tested for HIV when placed under detention; 1379 prisoners were diagnosed for the first time as being infected with HIV.During the course of their detention around 35 000 inmates have been tested, predominantly drug addicts; only one serum conversion has been found.
A randomised controlled trial with human lymphoblastoid interferon vs no treatment in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: L. Barbara, G. Mazzella, M. Baraldini, G. Gasbarrini, F. Giungi, M. Malavolti, L. Mastroroberto, F. Miglio, E. Roda, E. Raise, M. Rizzetto, G. Saracco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of nonobese type 2 diabetic patients with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in Korea
Authors: Chul Sik Kim, Jae Hyun Nam, Ji Sun Nam, Jong Suk Park, Eun Seok Kang, Chul Woo Ahn, Bong Soo Cha, Sung Kil Lim, Kyung Rae Kim, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Hypovitaminosis B12 in psychiatric patients
Authors: F. Murphy, P. C. Srivastava, S. Varadi
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MzDIwSUNL 303time in a population of women.The pre- valence rates determined in this study are based on the first cytological examinations done on the women attending the Planned Parenthood clinics.This, however, may well not be the first cytological examination these women have ever had, and it is not at all unlikely that the study and control groups differ in their prior cytology experience before cytological examinations were introduced in the Planned Parenthood clinics.Carcinoma in situ prevalence rates build up rapidly in women through their twenties, continue at a high plateau through their thirties into their forties, and then decline.Carcinoma in situ incidence rates, on the other hand, peak in the 25-29 year age groups and decline thereafter.The age specific prevalence and incidence rates, for carcinoma in situ per 1,000 women to age 50, and their ratios, determined for British Columbia are as in the Table above.Prior cytology will have a considerable effect on the initial cytological findings at the
THE PHYSICIAN WHO WAS NOMINATED FOR PRESIDENT
Authors: Russell N. DeJong
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Dr. James A. Tobey, "The Physician Who Was Nominated for President" (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>173</b>:296 [May 21] 1960), is a most interesting contribution to our literature on physicians who have made major contributions in fields outside of medicine, and I am sure that there are many, including physicians, who are not aware that General Leonard Wood, who served as Governor of Cuba, Chief of Staff of the United States Army, and Governor General of the Philippines, and was even nominated as a candidate for the presidency of the United States, was a physician. General Wood might also be an example of an individual in whom disease has, or might have had, an important influence on history, although in his case his illness did not interfere appreciably with his career. Dr. Tobey has mentioned that General Wood died following the third operation for
Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Kidney Oncogenomes in Relation to Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: David D. Chism, W. Kimryn Rathmell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease, and tissue investigations provide clues that may predict treatment response. Oncogenomic analysis of five outliers, who achieved a sustained response with rapalogs, implicates alterations of the TSC1 and mTOR genes and reveals insights into the conserved evolution of tumors.
Using patient experience within pay for performance programmes
Authors: C. Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Patient surveys are important but have limitations as a measure of system performance

“Pay for performance” schemes are being introduced in several countries to incentivise improvements in the quality of health care. In the United Kingdom, the pay of general practitioners is partly based on their performance under the quality and outcomes framework,1 which includes indicators of the process and outcome of care and a limited number of measures of patients’ reported experiences of care. It is important that schemes to improve the quality of health care take account of patients’ priorities and experiences. In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b3851), Roland and colleagues assess response rates and non-response bias in a national survey of patient experience.2

Since 2007, national postal surveys have been conducted to assess patients’ views of NHS general practice. In 2009 a more extensive survey was conducted, which included questions on a range of topics known to be important to patients.3 The results of just two questions were linked to payment; both were related to access—the ability to get an urgent appointment and to book an appointment in advance. The …
Blinding laser weapons
Authors: J. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Ever since the publication of H G Wells's War of the Worlds military strategists have dreamt of using beams as weapons. Weapons using optical radiationhave the advantages of having unlimited, weightless ammunition; a huge range; almost instantaneous delivery of energy; silence; and under certain circumstances, self targeting. With the advent of the laser in 1960, the possibility of beam weapons became a reality. Present laser systems can deliver terawatts of power to remote targets at the speed of light. Although military designers soon determined that laser systems that would destroy armoured targets or aircraft required huge amounts of power and resulted in large, unwieldy systems, they rapidly appreciated that soldiers' eyes were a relatively easy target.

The human eye is vulnerable for three reasons. Firstly, it is the only organ that allows optical radiation to penetrate deep within it.1 Secondly, the optical properties of the surface of the eye, the cornea, and to a lesser extent the lens …
58 RANDOMIZED, OPEN-LABEL, 12-WEEK COMPARISON OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE INTERFERON ALPHA2B +RIBAVRIN VS. PEGYLATED-INTERFERON ALPHA2B +RIBAVRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE GENOTYPE1 HEPATITIS C: 4 WEEK RESULTS FROM 480STUDY (PANEL A)
Authors: Z. Krastev, I. Kotzev, K. Tchernev, A. Rigney, D. Nikolovska, B. Vladimirov, F.A. Caruntu, I.G. Diaconescu, M. Voiculescu, W.A. Long
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
What Doctors Prescribe
Authors: J. H. F. Pankhurst
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Adults with Down syndrome (DS) are at increased risk for dementia and provide an opportunity to identify patterns of brain activity that may precede dementia. Studies of early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and risk of AD show decreased function in posterior cingulate and temporal cortex as initial indicators of the disease process, but whether the origin and sequence of predementia brain changes are the same in DS is unknown. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates (GMR) among middle-aged nondemented people with DS (n = 17), people with moderate AD (n = 10), and age-matched control subjects (n = 24) were compared using PET during a cognitive task. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Statistical parametric mapping conjunction analyses showed that 1) both DS and AD groups had lower GMR than their respective controls primarily in posterior cingulate and 2) compared with respective controls, the subjects with DS had higher GMR in the same areas of inferior temporal/entorhinal cortex where the AD subjects had lower GMR. The same results were replicated after 1 year of follow-up. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> As the DS subjects were not clinically demented, inferior temporal/entorhinal cortex hypermetabolism may reflect a compensatory response early in disease progression. Compensatory responses may subsequently fail, leading to neurodegenerative processes that the authors anticipate will be detectable in vivo as future GMR decreases in inferior temporal/entorhinal cortex are accompanied by clinical signs of dementia.
Hospital discharge rates for suspected acute coronary syndromes between 1990 and 2000: population based analysis
Authors: N F Murphy, K MacIntyre, S Capewell, S Stewart, J Pell, J Chalmers, A Redpath, S Frame, J Boyd, J J V McMurray
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Although hospital discharge rates for acute myocardial infarction are falling, [1][2][3][4] no contemporary studies compare temporal trends in these rates for angina and other types of chest pain.We examined recent trends in population discharge rates for myocardial infarction, angina, and chest pain ("suspected acute coronary syndromes") between 1990 and 2000.
Patient-Accessible Tool for Shared Decision Making in Cardiovascular Primary Prevention
Authors: Marianna Fontana, Perviz Asaria, Michela Moraldo, Judith Finegold, Khalil Hassanally, Charlotte H. Manisty, Darrel P. Francis
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Primary prevention guidelines focus on risk, often assuming negligible aversion to medication, yet most patients discontinue primary prevention statins within 3 years. We quantify real-world distribution of medication disutility and separately calculate the average utilities for a range of risk strata.We randomly sampled 360 members of the general public in London. Medication aversion was quantified as the gain in lifespan required by each individual to offset the inconvenience (disutility) of taking an idealized daily preventative tablet. In parallel, we constructed tables of expected gain in lifespan (utility) from initiating statin therapy for each age group, sex, and cardiovascular risk profile in the population. This allowed comparison of the widths of the distributions of medication disutility and of group-average expectation of longevity gain. Observed medication disutility ranged from 1 day to >10 years of life being required by subjects (median, 6 months; interquartile range, 1-36 months) to make daily preventative therapy worthwhile. Average expected longevity benefit from statins at ages ≥50 years ranges from 3.6 months (low-risk women) to 24.3 months (high-risk men).We can no longer assume that medication disutility is almost zero. Over one-quarter of subjects had disutility exceeding the group-average longevity gain from statins expected even for the highest-risk (ie, highest-gain) group. Future primary prevention studies might explore medication disutility in larger populations. Patients may differ more in disutility than in prospectively definable utility (which provides only group-average estimates). Consultations could be enriched by assessing disutility and exploring its reasons.
Chronic Aggressive Hepatitis Induced by Halothane
Authors: FRED B. THOMAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Previous reports of halothane hepatitis have stressed the occurrence of acute hepatocellular necrosis, with relatively little or no attention given to the subsequent development of chronic liver disease. The patient reported here developed typical acute halothane hepatitis that later evolved into chronic aggressive hepatitis. Since the pathogenesis of halothane-induced liver damage may be immunologically mediated, the development of chronic active liver disease after acute halothane hepatitis may be commoner than presently thought.
Active management of labour.
Authors: K O'Driscoll, J M Stronge, M Minogue
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Active management of labour has been developed to the extent that an assurance is given to every woman who attends this hospital that her first baby will be born within 12 hours. This assurance could lead to a welcome change in present attitudes because the mere prospect of prolonged labour is often a cause of serious concern during a first pregnancy. Labour of strictly limited duration makes it possible to provide every woman with a personal nurse, and it places the problem of pain in a new setting.The results of a prospective study of 1,000 consecutive primigravidae are presented, and the guidelines to a standard policy of management are defined. Difficulty in meeting the commitment to early delivery arose almost exclusively in cases in which the diagnosis of labour was in doubt; only seven women were retained in the delivery unit for 12 hours.
PTH-087 Perceptions Of Liver Disease Amongst The Nepali Community; Designing Effective Case-finding Strategies To Test Uk Migrant Groups For Hbv And Hcv
Authors: M Petrova, J Hendy, J Zamani, M Dunstall, S Mathew, N Margot, P Berry, G Foster, M Lisa, P Kennedy, A Ala
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Identifying at-risk migrant groups for Hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV) is well established. The UK Nepali community has grown rapidly since 2004, when settlement rights were given for ex-Gurkha servicemen and dependants. Given military associations, the Hampshire County now has the second largest Nepali population, with the Nepali now making up close to 10% of the population. Nepal sits between China and India, two countries with higher prevalence rates of HBV and HCV, but relatively little is known about prevalence in the Nepali community, with no published studies in the UK. <h3>Methods</h3> To help design a culturally sensitive testing strategy for HBV and HCV (as advocated by NICE) we conducted focus groups sessions in the Nepali community. Nepali moderators guided sessions to study the beliefs, understanding and perceptions towards liver disease. <h3>Results</h3> 32 Nepali members attended the focus group sessions, with groups divided by sex and age (&lt; 30yrs, or &gt; 30 yrs). A thematic analysis approach was used to analyse results. Perceptions of Liver disease: <i>“It is not a communicable disease”</i> <i>“In Nepal water is the main cause of hepatitis”</i> <i>“Mainly alcoholic and smokers get this disease”</i> <i>“I do not think people hate the person….it would not be considered as bad as leprosy disease”</i> Treatment options: <i>“In Nepal herbal medicine is better for jaundice….necessary to drink lot of water and fruits”</i> Knowledge and outreach: <i>“We need to know the function of liver. Then we understand the issue.”</i> “Newspaper for the people who can read but for us who cannot read, radio and TV is better” <i>“What the doctor said, we trust on it”</i> <h3>Conclusion</h3> NICE guidelines advocate testing at-risk migrant groups for HBV and HCV at an early (asymptomatic) stage. Here, all groups identified liver disease with jaundice or symptoms. Different viewpoints were expressed based on age; younger Nepali members associating a greater stigma to liver disease and hepatitis. All groups expressed a sincere wish to gain greater knowledge about liver disease and to interact with primary care. The study also identified the functional illteracy of many Nepali, and the potential need to modify approaches away from written media. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), Hepatitis B and C, ways to promote and offer testing to people at increased risk of infection, 2012 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics
Authors: John R. Stanford
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> O'Brien and associates (239:1518, 1978) compared prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics between hospitals in the United States and France. They reported increased bacterial resistance in the French hospital and suggested that this may be due to increased use of antibiotics in the French population. They implied, but did not document, that the patient populations in the various hospitals in the study were similar in regard to disease category. Instead of comparing patients by geographic and national separation, it would be interesting to compare antibiotic resistance by disease category. We suspect, for example, that athletes hospitalized for a torn tibial collateral ligament would have different levels of bacterial resistance than patients hospitalized for immune deficiency diseases, in whom antibiotic use would likely be more frequent. In a review of bacterial culture data of 217 children admitted within a three-month period to a 500-bed, acute-care general hospital in
Indomethacin, but not oxygen tension, affects the sensitivity of isolated neonatal rabbit ductus arteriosus, but not aorta, to noradrenaline
Authors: G. C S SMITH, J. C McGRATH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The effects of increasing oxygen tension from fetal to neonatal levels and of incubation in the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, on the response of isolated rings of neonatal rabbit ductus arteriosus and aorta to noradrenaline were studied in vitro. Increasing oxygen tension did not affect the sensitivity, as measured by the pEC50, of either vessel to noradrenaline. Incubation with indomethacin increased ductal sensitivity to noradrenaline tenfold, but had no effect on the aortic response. Since indomethacin caused the ductus arteriosus to contract (by the removal of dilator prostaglandins), the effect of increased muscular tone per se on the response to noradrenaline was investigated by eliciting a contracture by potassium induced depolarisation. This procedure did not alter the vessel's sensitivity to noradrenaline and reduced its maximum response (indomethacin had increased the maximum response). It is concluded that intramurally synthesised cyclo-oxygenase products, most probably prostaglandins, attenuate the sensitivity of the ductus arteriosus to noradrenaline.