tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased prevalence of antimitochondrial antibodies in first-degree relatives of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Brian D. Juran, Gwen M. Boe, Joshua P. Slusser, Mariza de Andrade, Henry A. Homburger, Karthik Ghosh, Rolland E. Dickson, Keith D. Lindor, Gloria M. Petersen
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disorder that can progress to cirrhosis, shortening life expectancy. PBC patients are often asymptomatic, present with biochemical cholestasis, and test positive (≥90%) for antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) in serum. Although AMA positivity without biochemical cholestasis may indicate increased risk of future PBC development, the contribution of these antibodies to pathogenesis remains enigmatic. Environmental risks and genetic determinants are likely implicated in PBC etiology. Given the familial aggregation of PBC, we hypothesized that AMAs also aggregate among relatives of PBC probands. We investigated the prevalence of AMAs in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of PBC probands to examine whether AMAs aggregate in such pedigrees. Using a PBC family registry, we prospectively screened for AMAs in the serum of 306 FDRs in 145 pedigrees, 350 PBC probands, and 196 controls who were age-matched, sex-matched, race-matched, and residence-matched to probands. The prevalence of AMA in FDRs and controls was 13.1% and 1%, respectively. Greater prevalence of AMA was found in female FDRs of PBC probands [sisters (20.7%), mothers (15.1%), and daughters (9.8%)] than in male FDRs [brothers (7.8%), fathers (3.7%), and sons (0%)]. Conclusions: AMAs aggregate among FDRs of PBC probands. Our data have clinical implications for FDRs of PBC probands because AMA positivity may suggest susceptibility to PBC. Thus, the identification and follow-up of these relatives may lead to earlier disease diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, if AMA development is heritable, this trait will provide a basis to dissect the genetic predisposition to PBC. (Hepatology 2007.)
Oral Contraceptive Hormones and Blood Coagulability
Authors: J. M. Thomson, L. Poller
Journal: BMJ (1965)

A study was made on the effects of oral contraception on blood coagulability in women being treated with a variety of commercial preparations.  The results were compared with those in a group of normal female controls and they were also contrasted with the effects of exercise on coagulability in normal women using the same techniques and with the results in patients with deep-vein  thrombosis who presented during the period of the trial.  It was found that oral contraceptives caused a rise in factor 7 levels significant from Month 3 onwards.  No significant changes in cephalin times or antihemophili antihemophilic globulin (AHG) levels were recorded in the oral contraceptive group unlike the physiological changes found after physical exercise in normal women.  Increases in factor 7 levels were detected also in a concurrent study of patients with deep-vein thrombosis but these were also associated with shortened heparin clotting-times not found in the women on oral contraceptives.  It is considered that this increase in factor 7 levels which is also found in normal pregnancy and the postpartum state as well as in venous thrombosis is an undesirable side-effect of oral contraception.  No woman in the study had been on treatment for more than 2 1/2 years and further study is necessary to determine whether different changes occur at a later date.  In future investigations it should be determined whether all the preparations available are equally liable to produce raised factor 7 levels.
Celiac Sprue — Unmasking after Vagotomy and Hiatal-Hernia Repair
Authors: Henry J. Binder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE onset of mild steatorrhea and alteration of stool pattern is an expected and not infrequent occurrence after vagotomy.1 2 3 4 The origin of this altered gut function is unknown, and the condition has usually been ascribed to several possible circumstances. Mucosal disease of the small intestine is not believed to be a factor, and symptomatic therapy is often used.The clinical presentation ("unmasking") of celiac sprue after gastric surgery has been emphasized in recent years.5 This report describes severe diarrhea that developed after vagotomy and pyloroplasty performed in connection with a hiatal-hernia repair in a patient who was found to have . . .
Support for families bereaved by cot death: joint voluntary and professional view.
Authors: None Limerick, M A Downham
Journal: BMJ (1978)

I don't think the horror of turning my baby over and realising he was dead will ever leave me."The many problems facing families who experience a cot death were sensitively described five years ago by Emery,' and their counselling needs have been discussed by one of us.2Our experience suggests, however, that despite steady progress in understanding the nature, if not the causes, of cot deaths, the difficulties for bereaved families remain great and have received too little attention, especially from health professionals.Our description of these difficulties and suggestions for easing them are based on contacts made by the Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths with over 1000 families bereaved by cot death from all parts of Britain, and on home visits made by a paediatrician to over 50 such families on Tyneside, which formed part of a continuing study of postneonatal mortality.3The problems The death of a child is a heart-rending tragedy in most circum- stances.When it occurs suddenly, unexpectedly, and for no obvious reason in an apparently normal infant whose symptoms of illness, if any, were considered minor, the shock, guilt, and bewilderment are much more severe and long-lasting than after a death that is expected or understood.
Psittacosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Authors: D V Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Psittacosis and Disseminated Intravascular CoagulationPsittacosis most commonly presents as mild pneumonia or pyrexia of undertermined origin.The following patient had severe pneumonia, myocarditis, pericardial effusion, and disseminated intravascular coagulation-a hitherto unreported complication. Case ReportA 36-year-old man had felt ill for 10 days, and had dyspnoea, fever, and slight cough with yellow sputum.He was confused, grey, and unwell, being dehydrated with a temperature of 39T7GC, pulse of 140/minute, and blood
Headache and Blood Pressure in the Community
Authors: W. E. Waters
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Following a survey of headaches, in which questionnaires were sent to a random sample of the general population, groups of individuals with headache, unilateral headache, or migraine, and a fourth group who had not had a headache in the previous year were examined. Measurements of arterial blood pressure on 414 individuals gave no evidence of any differences between these groups for either systolic or diastolic pressure. The number of individuals that could be regarded as hypertensive in this community-based study was small, but it is concluded that most individuals with headache, and with migraine, have blood pressures similar to those who do not have headaches.
Isolation and analysis of complement activating aggregates from synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis using monoclonal anti-C3d antibodies.
Authors: A E Bedwell, C J Elson, S D Carter, P A Dieppe, C W Hutton, R Czudek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The complement activating aggregates in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been isolated using monoclonal IgM anti-C3d antibodies attached to solid phases, and the content of the material bound has been analysed. High levels of aggregated IgG bearing C3d were found in RA synovial fluids, and IgG was the major immunoglobulin bound from such synovial fluids by anti-C3d Sepharose. A strong correlation was shown between levels of aggregated IgG bearing C3d and complement activation, as judged by C3d levels. Significant (but less strong) relationships were also observed between C3d levels and both complement consuming and C1q binding activity. C3d levels and levels of aggregated IgG bearing C3d were both significantly associated with the numbers of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) found in RA synovial fluids. From these results it is concluded that the aggregated immunoglobulins bearing C3d (particularly IgG) isolated from RA synovial fluids are responsible for activating complement and attracting PMNs into the joint space. Radioimmunoassay showed no correlation, however, between levels of aggregated IgG (or IgM) bearing C3d and rheumatoid factor (RF) activity bound by anti-C3d. In addition, the material bound by anti-C3d Sepharose from most synovial fluid polyethylene glycol precipitates did not contain either IgM or IgG RF. Thus both techniques show that the majority of complexes bearing C3d do not contain RF. As the complement fixing aggregates apparently contain only immunoglobulin and complement components the results raise the problem of how the aggregates are formed. It is suggested that RA IgG may remain aggregated after either antigen or antibody (RF) has dissociated from the complex.
The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have ascites? How to divine fluid in the abdomen
Authors: J. W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIOS—DO THESE PATIENTS HAVE ASCITES?</h3> In each of the following cases, the clinician will need to determine whether the patient has ascites. Case 1: A 44-year-old cirrhotic man is admitted with fever but has no obvious source of infection. Case 2: A 57-year-old woman presents with an adnexal mass and recent weight gain but otherwise feels well. Case 3: A 65-year-old man with a history of prior myocardial infarction is admitted for decreased exercise tolerance, increased abdominal girth, and ankle edema. <h3>WHY IS THIS AN IMPORTANT QUESTION TO ANSWER WITH A CLINICAL EXAMINATION?</h3> Free fluid in the abdominal cavity is<i>ascites</i>. Ascites is a symptom that may have important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. When clinically detectable, ascites may indicate underlying heart failure, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, or malignancy. In patients with liver disease, ascites has prognostic significance since operative mortality is increased and overall survival is decreased; ascites
Albumin-Induced Elevation In Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: C. Jack Bark
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor:—  In a recent letter which appeared inThe Journal(215:486, 1971), the author states that where an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level is thought to be secondary to albumin infusions, one can discontinue albumin infusions and experience an immediate and rapid fall in alkaline phosphatase. In our experience (Amer J Clin Path52:466, 1969), the albumin-induced elevations in alkaline phosphatase level take several days to return to normal after cessation of therapy. However, waiting for normal enzyme decay is not necessary to make the differentiation. The source of alkaline phosphatase in commercial albumin is blood processed from placentas. This enzyme resists heating at 56C. The decrease in alkaline phosphatase following heating, therefore, roughly represents the patient's true alkaline phosphatase concentration.
THE AXIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLAQUE RUPTURES AND A THIN-CAP FIBROATHEROMA WITHIN THE CULPRIT LESION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS: AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Hyoung-Mo Yang, So-Yeon Choi, Seung-Jea Tahk, Hong-Seok Lim, Byoung-Joo Choi, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Jae-Hyun Moon, Jin-Sun Park, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Joon-Han Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
LEPTOSPIRAL JAUNDICE, FOLLOWING BATHING INJURY
Authors: J. D. Lendrum
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Overcrowding'No discussion of the factors contributing to respiratory disease in the child would be complete without some mentioA of the effect of bad housing and inefficient ventilation in favouring the transmission of infections.The subject is, however, too big to do more than xnention it in passing.It is bound up with the problem of housing large numbers of people in comparatively small areas.For this reason the health visitor can often do little or nothing to ameliorate conditions which she knows to be productive of disease. Pulmonary Fibrosis,Finally, in the list of respiratory diseases of which the predisposing factors' are known and to some extent preventable, a place must be found for fibrosis and bronchiectasis.An-acute type of bronchiectasis has been 'described occurring during the active stage of severe broncho-pneumonia; congenital^bronchiectasis also occurs, but is rare.Most cases of bronchiectasis are secondary to fibrosis, so that from the preventive point of view it will be sufficient if we consider the causes of fibrosis of the lung.Peri-bronchial fibrosis in varying degrees may follow chronic bronchitis.This may show itself clinically as attacks of cough which last all through every winter, associated often with infected nasal sinuses and tonsils.But more serious is interstitial fibrosis in which the alveolar structure becomes involved.The two processes are frequently associated, and the distribution and degree are both very variable.Pneumonia, especially broncho- pneumonia, is responsible for the overwhelming majority of cases of this condition.The.more chronic the inflammatory process the greater the probability of interstitial fibrosis resulting. Measles and Whooping-coughAbove all other causes must be set the broncho-pneumonia associated with measles and with whooping-cough.The
Prescription for Soothing Pain: a found poem
Authors: Cortney Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum15 May 1997Prescription for Soothing Pain: a found poemCortney DavisCortney DavisRedding, CT 06896Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Recipe,quantum sufficit-quater in die,ante cibum,hora somni.Miscemodo dictu:aqua,capsula,chartulae …ana.Non repetatur.Non repetatur!Take thou a recipe,a sufficient quantity-four times a day,before meals,at the hour of sleep.Mixas directed:water,capsules,powders …equal parts.But do not repeat.Do not repeat! Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Redding, CT 06896Corresponding Author: Cortney Davis, PO Box 678, Redding, CT 06896-0678.Corresponding Author: Cortney Davis, PO Box 678, Redding, CT 06896-0678 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 10Page: 774KeywordsSleep ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Methemoglobinemia from Well Water Nitrates: A Complication of Home Dialysis
Authors: DAVID J. CARLSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Toxic methemoglobinemia developed in a patient on home dialysis after nitrate contamination of well water used to make the dialysate. The patient recovered after treatment with intravenous methylene blue. Methemoglobinemia is a potential complication in patients on chronic home dialysis when water from contaminated private wells is used in making the dialysate.
THE COMPOSITE NATURE OF VITAMIN B
Authors: G. W. McCoy
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —May I be permitted to correct an erroneous impression that, it seems to me, is conveyed by your editorial "The Composite Nature of Vitamin B" (The Journal, Dec. 10, 1927). Among other things, this editorial states that "Chick and Roscoe have demonstrated through the use of rats and highly purified rations that in yeast there exist two factors, one antineuritic and the other preventing the appearance of the pellagra-like symptoms in rats given a deficient ration." This would seem to convey the idea that Chick and Roscoe were the first to make this demonstration. As a matter of fact such is not the case nor, what is more, do Chick and Roscoe make any such claim. On the contrary, they state that their experiments "confirm the work of Goldberger and his colleagues and support the conclusion drawn by those workers and the other observers already referred to,
Recurrent nonsense mutations in the growth hormone receptor from patients with Laron dwarfism.
Authors: S Amselem, M L Sobrier, P Duquesnoy, R Rappaport, M C Postel-Vinay, M Gourmelen, B Dallapiccola, M Goossens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

In addition to its classical effects on growth, growth hormone (GH) has been shown to have a number of other actions, all of which are initiated by an interaction with specific high affinity receptors present in a variety of tissues. Purification of a rabbit liver protein via its ability to bind GH has allowed the isolation of a cDNA encoding a putative human growth hormone receptor that belongs to a new class of transmembrane receptors. We have previously shown that this putative growth hormone receptor gene is genetically linked to Laron dwarfism, a rare autosomal recessive syndrome caused by target resistance to GH. Nevertheless, the inability to express the corresponding full-length coding sequence and the lack of a test for growth-promoting function have hampered a direct confirmation of its role in growth. We have now identified three nonsense mutations within this growth hormone receptor gene, lying at positions corresponding to the amino terminal extremity and causing a truncation of the molecule, thereby deleting a large portion of both the GH binding domain and the full transmembrane and intracellular domains. Three independent patients with Laron dwarfism born of consanguineous parents were homozygous for these defects. Two defects were identical and consisted of a CG to TG transition. Not only do these results confirm the growth-promoting activity of this receptor but they also suggest that CpG doublets may represent hot spots for mutations in the growth hormone receptor gene that are responsible for hereditary dwarfism.
Successful treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura‐like syndrome in a cancer patient with low‐dose interferon: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sophocles Tsoussis, Fotini Ekonomidou, Erene Vourliotaki, Ioannis Karalis, Alkiviades Dermitzakis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)‐like syndrome is a rare complication of carcinomas, and its treatment usually precedes cancer therapy in order to make further procedures safe. We describe the case of a 78‐year‐old man with a small‐cell lung cancer of extended stage, associated with ITP‐like syndrome, which proved resistant to treatment with corticosteroids and vincristine, short‐responsive to IV immunoglobulin, but quickly and steadily responsive to low‐dose interferon (ld IFN, 3 million IU, sc, twice weekly, for 8 weeks), until the patient's death, due to his primarily chemoresistant cancer. This case is, to our knowledge, the second reported ITP‐like syndrome in a cancer patient who had been successfully treated with ld IFN. The excellent and cost‐effective therapeutic index of ld IFN makes it an attractive alternative treatment in patients with this specific complication and calls for further investigation regarding its potential use as a first‐line treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 76:353–359, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Day to day variability in the transferrin receptor/ferritin index in female athletes
Authors: R Stupnicki, J Malczewska, K Milde, A C Hackney
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2003)

Objective: To determine the within subject (day to day) variability for variables reflecting iron status (concentrations of ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and the sTfR/logFerr index) in female athletes during a training camp, and in female control subjects. Results: The error for ferritin concentration was nearly twice as high in athletes as in controls, that for sTfR concentration was identical in the two groups, and that for the sTfR/logFerr index was about 50% higher in athletes than in controls. Conclusions: The within subject, day to day error for the sTfR/logFerr index computed from data recorded for untrained subjects cannot serve as a reference value for training athletes. When the sTfR/logFerr index is used to monitor iron stores in athletes, an error value of 0.20 should be used, because determination of the index after a few days of rest may not be feasible.
Homeostasis of Folic Acid in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: V. M. Whitehead, C. H. Comty, G. A. Posen, M. Kaye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Folic acid balance, studied in patients on chronic dialysis to define the mechanisms rendering them susceptible to folic acid deficiency, showed adequate folic acid available to sustain hematopoiesis and to provide mature erythrocytes with a normal complement of folic acid. Losses through dialysis were replaced from diets of estimated normal folic acid content. Slow release of folic acid from stores constituted the primary mechanism offsetting folic acid loss through dialysis. This occurred at physiologic vitamin levels and was unaffected by rapid lowering of extracellular folic acid concentration. An incidental finding was the limited contribution of biliary excretion to net folic acid loss in man.
ATTEMPT AT SUICIDE BY DRIVING NAIL INTO THE BRAIN.
Authors: G. F. POPE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

J. F. B., a native of England, aged 43 years, who was employed on the Nevada Central Railroad as a section laborer, had been on a drunk for two weeks. I was called by the jailer to see him, as he had refused to take any nourishment for three days. Pulse, 80; temperature, 99; bowels constipated. I advised nourishment by the stomach tube; this measure was successful, and soon he began to take regular meals. I was told that he had talked of committing suicide by driving a nail into his head. I was asked to see him again ten days later and found him somewhat drowsy and unwilling to answer questions unless urged to very forcibly. Pulse, 86; temperature, 102. He referred what pain he had to the head, and on examination I found the head of a nail buried in the scalp six and one-half inches back of