tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life insurance and HIV antibody testing.
Authors: B. A. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1992)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> Determining genes orchestrating cell differentiation in development and disease remains a fundamental goal of cell biology. This study establishes a genome-wide metric based on the gene-repressive tri-methylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) across hundreds of diverse cell types to identify genetic regulators of cell differentiation. We introduce a computational method, TRIAGE, that uses discordance between gene-repressive tendency and expression to identify genetic drivers of cell identity. We apply TRIAGE to millions of genome-wide single-cell transcriptomes, diverse omics platforms, and eukaryotic cells and tissue types. Using a wide range of data, we validate TRIAGE’s performance for identifying cell-type specific regulatory factors across diverse species including human, mouse, boar, bird, fish, and tunicate. Using CRISPR gene editing, we use TRIAGE to experimentally validate <i>RNF220</i> as a regulator of <i>Ciona</i> cardiopharyngeal development and <i>SIX3</i> as required for differentiation of endoderm in human pluripotent stem cells. A record of this paper’s Transparent Peer Review process is included in the Supplemental Information.
Gender-Related Differences in Severe, Early-Onset Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: EDWIN K. SILVERMAN, SCOTT T. WEISS, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN, HAROLD A. CHAPMAN, VINCENT CAREY, EDWARD J. CAMPBELL, PAUL DENISH, RACHEL A. SILVERMAN, JUAN C. CELEDON, JOHN J. REILLY, LEO C. GINNS, FRANK E. SPEIZER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Men have higher prevalence rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than women, which has been attributed to the historically higher rates of cigarette smoking in males. However, the increased rates of cigarette smoking in females within the last several decades have been associated with steadily increasing rates of COPD in women. As part of a study of the genetics of severe, early-onset COPD, we assembled a group of 84 probands with severe, early-onset COPD (without severe alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency) and 348 of their first-degree relatives. We found a markedly elevated prevalence (71.4%) of females among the early-onset COPD probands. Among the entire group of first-degree relatives of early-onset COPD probands, univariate analysis demonstrated similar spirometric values and bronchodilator responsiveness in males and females; however, among current or ex-smokers, female first-degree relatives had significantly lower FEV(1)/ FVC (81.4 +/- 17.2% in females versus 87.0 +/- 12.9% in males, p = 0.009) and significantly greater bronchodilator responsiveness (expressed as percentage of baseline FEV(1)) (7.7 +/- 9.4% pred in females versus 4.1 +/- 6.4% pred in males, p = 0.002). Female smoking first-degree relatives were significantly more likely to demonstrate profound reductions in FEV(1) (< 40% pred) than male smoking first-degree relatives (p = 0. 03). Multivariate analysis, performed with generalized estimating equations, demonstrated that current or ex-smoking female first-degree relatives had significantly greater risk of FEV(1) < 80% pred (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.03- 3.54), FEV(1) < 40% pred (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.08-11.71), and bronchodilator response greater than 10% of baseline FEV(1) (OR 4.74, 95% CI 1.91-11.75). These results suggest that women may be more susceptible to the development of severe COPD.
Accuracy of the Clinical Diagnosis of ‘Psychogenic Disorders‘ in the Presence of Physical Symptoms Suggesting a General Medical Condition: A 5-Year Follow-Up in 162 Patients
Authors: W.M. Michael Schuepbach, Rolf H. Adler, Marzio E.E. Sabbioni
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

The range of unnoticed physical disorders in patients diagnosed with a psychogenic disorder varies widely. We investigated the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of 'psychogenic disorder' where physical symptoms suggesting a somatic condition (PDPS) are present.All 162 cases of PDPS diagnosed between 01.01.1986 and 31.12.1987 in a medical clinic specializing in psychosomatic medicine were reviewed after 5 years. 148 follow-ups were complete. Initial diagnoses had been established using positive criteria for psychogenic diagnosis in a semistructured interview and a comprehensive clinical workup by trained clinicians.In 2 (1.35%) foreign-language patients of 148 an orthopedic diagnosis had been missed. In 6 patients, the family physician gave formerly known findings a different interpretation. Half of these patients were foreigners; 5 were men; none improved; 5 had back pain.A semistructured interview and positive criteria for psychogenic diagnosis permitted high diagnostic accuracy with an error of 1.35% in 148 cases.
Usefulness of apheresis to extract microfilarias in management of loiasis.
Authors: L Muylle, H Taelman, R Moldenhauer, R Van Brabant, M E Peetermans
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Two patients with loiasis in whom treatment with diethylcarbamazine had to be interrupted because of serious side effects underwent apheresis to extract microfilarias from the blood. After three apheresis sessions the number of microfilarias in the blood had dropped from 8980 to 3412/ml in one patient and from 2950 to 1840/ml in the other. Between 40 and 45 X 10(6) microfilarias were removed from each of the patients. After reduction of the parasitaemia the two patients were given diethylcarbamazine; no appreciable side effects occurred, and the patients were cured.
OTITIS MEDIA IN INFANCY.
Authors: JOHN LOVETT MORSE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Many papers have appeared on this subject within the last few years. Nevertheless, my experience leads me to believe that the profession, as a whole, does not realize as it should the frequency of this condition in infancy and its importance in differential diagnosis. I have learned to look for it in all cases of doubtful diagnosis and to consider it as a possible cause for any symptoms not otherwise easily explainable in the course of other diseases. No physical examination in infancy in which other difinite signs sufficient to account for the symptoms are not found should be considered complete without an examination of the ears. Many awkward mistakes would also be avoided if they are examined even the signs of other conditions are present. Many physicians seem to think that inflammation of the middle ear is always associated with earache, and hence if there are no evidences of
Fibrinogen giessen I: A congenital homozygously expressed dysfibrinogenemia with Aα 16 Arg← his substitution
Authors: Barbara M. Alving, Agnes H. Henschen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Clinical reports are published for only two patients with homozygously expressed congenital dysfibrinogenemia. The patients, both of whom have a bleeding diathesis, have amino acid substitutions in the fibrinogen molecule at Aα 16 Arg←Cys and Aα 19 Arg←Ser, respectively. We report that a third patient with dysfibrinogenemia (fibrinogen Giessen I) is homozygous for Aα 16 Arg← His. Although this patient has had excessive postpartum bleeding, she has had normal hemostasis throughout several minor surgical procedures and hysterectomy. Elucidation of the amino acid alterations in patients with dysfibrinogenernia may expand our understanding of structural determinants of fibrinogen that are critical to its function in vivo.
Abstract P2-09-04: DNA methylation landscapes in ER-negative breast cancer
Authors: MJ Worsham, KM Chen, D Chitale, G Divine
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The biological significance of DNA methylation in the regulation of gene expression and its role in cancer is increasingly recognized. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that strategic global approaches will identify aberrantly methylated genes that underlie the pathogenesis of ER-negative (ER−) breast cancer (BC). We used the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip to profile the methylome of ER− breast cancers. The 450K array includes 485,577 cytosine positions of the human genome. From these cytosine sites, 99.3% are CpG dinucleotides. Whole genomic DNA from 20 primary ER− and 8 normal breast tissue samples were assayed for genome-wide methylation using the Illumina 450K array. We had 8634 hypermethylated CpGs or 1.8% of the 485,577 sites on the 450K array. The proportion with hypermethylation was higher for promoter regions (2.1% vs 1.5%), and highest for the “FirstExon” promoter subregion. Of the 8634 CpGs, 2980 (adjusted p = 0.05) were differentially methylated between tumor and normal samples. This resulted in 206 genes with significant hypermethylation (all mean breast cancer betas &amp;gt;= −0.2, and ratio of tumor to normal mean beta &amp;gt;= 2.0). Estrogen receptor-negative BC is a more aggressive form than ER positive BC with approximately double the incidence in African Americans than in Caucasian Americans. The emerging differential methylation pattern within hormone receptor negative breast cancers would further help stratify them into distinct subgroups. Promotor methylation being potentially reversible, methylated genes may serve as future molecular targets for demethylating therapies. Support: Komen Foundation: KG110218 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-04.
Abusing patients by denying them choice
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

This week's journal features the debut of Dr Foster's case notes, our new monthly page highlighting data from Dr Foster, an independent London based organisation that analyses the availability, quality, and costs of health care in the United Kingdom and globally.We aim to provide doctors, managers, and patients with data about how various treatments and systems work in the real, messy world of clinical practice.Dr Foster uses administrative data such as hospital episodes statistics and self reported data collected from hospitals by survey.This month's Dr Foster's case notes reports that acute stroke units and early computed tomography scans are associated with lower in-hospital death rates.
ON SCIATICA, NEURASTHENIA AND HYSTERIA.
Authors: J. M. CHARCOT
Journal: JAMA (1889)

The patient I present to you does not bear in his appearance the marks of active intelligence. He is an individual that never learned to read in his youth; he did his military service in a regiment of dragoons, and completed it, but still without learning to read. He drinks, but before analyzing with you this drinking tendency completely I beg you to examine the quite special attitude he presents when undressed. Permit me in passing to recommend this examination of your patients. I know very often what is called propriety will interfere, especially when you have to do with women in investigations of this sort; but whenever it is permissible do not neglect it. The physician, much more than the painter or sculptor, should have precise ideas in regard to external conformations and attitudes. A painter that represents a muscular prominence where it does not normally exist certainly commits
Chronic Granulomatous Disease 1974
Authors: Robert J. Schlegel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE office diagnosis of many newly discovered diseases caused by neutrophil dysfunction is now possible with the use of clinical criteria and relatively simple laboratory tests. Through techniques evolved in the course of elucidating rare inborn disorders, it is now feasible to approach commonplace impairments of neutrophil function which occur as secondary consequences of other diseases or of chemotherapy. The advances were initiated, in part, by the recognition of a clinical entity, chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Although a condition featuring hypergammaglobulinemia and chronic infection had been recognized by Janeway in Boston, and the inflammatory hallmark defined histopathologically as suppurative granulomata by Landing and Shirkey<sup>1</sup>in Los Angeles, it was the intuitive perception of Good and his colleagues, Bridges and Berendes,<sup>2</sup>and, later, Quie et al,<sup>3</sup>which resulted in the definition:<i>an inherited condition in which the neutrophils could engulf, but not kill, infectious microorganisms</i>. Subsequently, Quie and
THE INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF IN-HOSPITAL DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCT WHO UNDERWENT PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Young Jin Youn, Seung Hwan Lee, Sang Woo Han, Jun Won Lee, Joong Kyung Sung, Nam Seok Lee, Jang-Young Kim, Junghan Yoon, Kyung-Hoon Choe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Correction: Single-Drug Therapy for Hypertension in Men
Authors: Barry J. Materson, Domenic J. Reda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: During further analysis of the data used in our study of single-drug therapy for hypertension in men (April 1, 1993, issue),1 we discovered two errors in the computer program; these errors affected the results that we reported in Figures 2 and 3 of the article. One error permitted a small group of patients who had not completed one year of maintenance therapy to be excluded from the analysis, even though we had planned an intention-to-treat analysis. The second error was due to an unrecognized deletion of an entire line of code that provided the definition of treatment . . .
Extensive Intraventricular Conduction Defect
Authors: James R. Wennemark, David F. Blake, Paul Kezdi, Maurice Lev
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Destruction of the entire canine right ventricular Purkinje-net system, by the introduction of dilute Lugol's solution into the right ventricular cavity, results in an intraventricular conduction defect which is 20 to 30 msec. greater in duration than that of right bundle-branch block. The mode of right ventricular surface activation is altered. A characteristic electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic pattern is produced. Histological studies confirmed the absence of Purkinje-net cells in animals with chronic block.
Risk–Benefit Profiles of Raloxifene for Women
Authors: Marcia L. Stefanick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

During the past decade, considerable scientific, clinical, and public interest in the benefits and risks of postmenopausal estrogen therapy has focused attention on selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs). These act as estrogen agonists in some tissues and antagonists in others because of specific actions on at least two distinct estrogen receptors, the proportions of which differ across tissues. As such, SERMs have held the promise of conferring benefits similar to those associated with estrogen therapy, including a reduced risk of osteoporosis, while simultaneously reducing estrogen-related risks (e.g., invasive breast cancer). The once widely held belief that estrogen therapy was cardioprotective1 also . . .
Cellulitis at Vein-Donor Sites
Authors: MICHAEL S. PARANKA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1984Cellulitis at Vein-Donor SitesMICHAEL S. PARANKA, BRENT M. MYERS, M.D., KENNETH BINMOELLER, M.D., EDWARD NELSON, M.D.MICHAEL S. PARANKASearch for more papers by this author, BRENT M. MYERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KENNETH BINMOELLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD NELSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-881_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Donor-site cellulitis after saphenous venectomy for coronary artery bypass has been previously reported ( 1, 2). We report a case of cellulitis involving two distinct vein donor sites after a dental procedure.A 61-year-old Latin American man had triple coronary artery bypass surgery in July 1980. Two months after surgery he developed spontaneous cellulitis involving both donor sites of the right leg. The infection responded to intravenous nafcillin therapy. In 1984 he developed fever, chills, and malaise 1 day after a dental extraction. The next day cellulitis of the right leg became apparent, and he was admitted...References1. BADDOURBISNO LA. Recurrent cellulitis after saphenous venectomy for coronary bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:493-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GREENBERGDESANCTISMILLS JRR. Vein-donor-leg cellulitis after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:565-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. GUTVERGHAVERMAN MS. Studies on bacteremia following oral surgery: some prophylactic approaches to bacteremia and the results of tissue examination of excised gingiva. J Peridontol. 1962;33:105-15. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. VARGASCOLLINGSPOLTERHABERMAN BCLS. Effects of certain factors on bacteremias resulting from gingival resection. J Peridontol. 1959;30:196-207. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. KAPLANBISNODERRICK EAW. American Heart Association Committee Report: prevention of rheumatic fever. Circulation. 1977;55(suppl):51-4. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX 77211 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1984Volume 101, Issue 6Page: 881-881KeywordsCellulitisCoronary arteriesFeversSurgeryVeins Issue Published: 1 December 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Pericardiocentesis Electrode
Authors: James R. Neill, J. Willis Hurst, Eric L. J. Penfold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN 1956 Bishop, Estes and Mclntosh¶ reported the value of electrocardiographic monitoring during pericardial aspiration. They pointed out that the needle used during pericardial aspiration could act as an exploring electrode when connected to the V lead of the electrocardiogram by two alligator clamps and a section of wire. They also showed that when the needle electrode comes in contact with the ventricular epicardium giant ST-segment displacement is recorded but that no electrocardiographic changes are recorded by extremity or precordial leads taken simultaneously.The apparatus and technic described by Bishop, Estes and McIntosh has been quite valuable. The purpose of . . .
Abstract 5739: Characterization of the metabolism and DNA adduct formation of 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole in human hepatocytes
Authors: Gwendoline C. Nauwelaërs, Yijin Tang, Dan Gu, Valérie Fessard, Robert J. Turesky, Sophie A. Langouët
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2-3-b]indole (AαC) is a heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA) and considered to be a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Like other HAAs, AαC is metabolized in the liver and can undergo bioactivation to produce highly electrophilic derivatives that can form DNA adducts by covalent binding to DNA. Among the HAAs, AαC is of particular interest because it is present at high levels in tobacco smoke and ubiquitous in the environment. AαC was shown to form high levels of DNA adducts in primary cultured human hepatocytes. The adduct levels were higher than those formed by other HAAs such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and comparable to those derived from 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), a known human carcinogen. An understanding of the metabolism of AαC and its potential to form DNA adducts would provide a better assessment of the human health risk posed by AαC. Indeed, the metabolism pathways of MeIQx, PhIP and AαC are different. These differences in metabolic processing of HAAs can lead to variable levels of DNA adducts formed in humans and impact the interindividual susceptibility towards these procarcinogens. Knowledge about the metabolism of AαC in humans is unknown. We have analyzed the role of human cytochromes P450, especially CYP1A2, in the metabolism of AαC and DNA adduct formation. The ring-oxidized 3-HO-AαC and 6-HO-AαC sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, AαC-N2-Gl, N2-acetyl-AαC and the glucuronide conjugates of 2-hydroxyamino-9H-pyrido[2,-3-b]indole (HONH-AαC) and the deoxyguanosine DNA adduct, dG-C8-AαC, were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with multistage mass spectrometry in human hepatocytes in primary culture. The levels of DNA adducts formed after a 24hr-treatment with AαC were (2 folds) lower when cells were pre-treated with furafylline, a specific CYP1A2 inhibitor; however, the levels of most of the metabolites formed were not significanly affected by furafylline. Our data suggests that CYPs other than CYP1A2 may be involved in AαC metabolism, while CYP1A2 is the main enzyme involved in the production of reactive metabolites leading to the formation of DNA adducts. The identification of CYPs and Phase II enzymes involved in AαC metabolism in human hepatocytes are under study to fully understand the health risk of AαC to humans. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5739. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5739
Better outcome after pediatric defibrillation dosage than adult dosage in a swine model of pediatric ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Robert A. Berg, Ricardo A. Samson, Marc D. Berg, Fred W. Chapman, Ronald W. Hilwig, Isabelle Banville, Robert G. Walker, Richard C. Nova, Nathan Anavy, Karl B. Kern
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Dietary arginine prevents atherogenesis in the coronary artery of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit
Authors: Bing-Yin Wang, Alan H. Singer, Philip S. Tsao, Helmut Drexler, Jon Kosek, John P. Cooke
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term oral supplementation of dietary l-arginine (to provide a sustained elevation of nitric oxide activity) would inhibit atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, as assessed by histomorphometric measurements. Background. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide inhibits a number of processes that are critical in atherogenesis. Hypercholesterolemia reduces endothelial nitric oxide activity, and we postulate that this may promote atherogenesis. This reduction in nitric oxide activity can be reversed acutely by intravenous infusion of l-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide. We show that dietary supplementation of l-arginine abrogates the development of coronary atheroma in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Methods. Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed normal rabbit chow, 1% cholesterol chow or 1% cholesterol chow with dietary arginine or methionine supplementation to increase their intake of these amino acids sixfold. After 1 or 10 weeks of dietary intervention, the left main and left anterior descending coronary arteries were harvested for histologic study. Plasma cholesterol measurements were elevated to the same degree in all groups of rabbits receiving the 1% cholesterol diet, whereas plasma arginine levels were doubled in the arginine-treated group. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values were not affected by arginine treatment. Results. In rabbits receiving the 1% cholesterol diet, with or without methionine supplementation, light and electron microscopy revealed a marked increase from 1 to 10 weeks in the intimal accumulation of macrophages, associated with an increase in the intimal area of the left main coronary artery. By contrast, in arginine-treated hypercholesterolemic rabbits, there was a near absence of adherent monocytes and tissue macrophages and no progression of intimal thickness from 1 to 10 weeks. Conclusions. Dietary supplements of l-arginine prevent intimal thickening in the coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This antiatherogenic effect is not due to an alteration in plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol or caloric or nitrogen balance. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that nitric oxide has antiatherogenic properties.