tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Electrode Cooling Between Internal and Open Irrigation in Radiofrequency Ablation Lesion Depth and Incidence of Thrombus and Steam Pop
Authors: Katsuaki Yokoyama, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Fred H.M. Wittkampf, Jan V. Pitha, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Electrode cooling by circulating fluid within the electrode (closed loop) or open irrigation facilitates radiofrequency (RF) ablation. This study compared lesion parameters between closed loop and open irrigation with the use of a canine model. Methods and Results— In 8 anesthetized dogs, the skin over the thigh muscle was incised and raised, forming a cradle superfused with heparinized blood (activated clotting time &gt;350 seconds) at 37°C. A 7F 4-mm closed loop electrode (irrigation 36 mL/min) and 7.5F 3.5-mm open irrigation electrode (irrigation 17 mL/min) were positioned perpendicular to the thigh muscle at 10 g contact weight. RF was applied (n=121) at 20 or 30 W for 60 seconds in low (0.1 m/s) or high (0.5 m/s) pulsatile blood flow. Temperatures were measured in the electrode, electrode-tissue interface, and within the tissue at 3- and 7-mm depths. After each RF, the cradle was emptied to examine the electrode and interface for thrombus. There was no difference between closed loop and open irrigation in impedance, lesion depth, or tissue temperature at 20 or 30 W. Interface temperature and electrode temperature were greater in the closed loop application. Thrombus occurred in 32 of 63 closed loop versus 0 of 58 open irrigation RF applications ( P &lt;0.05) with interface temperature ≥80°C in all 32 (electrode temperature &lt;40°C in 1, 40°C to 50°C in 26, and &gt;50°C in 5). With closed loop, interface temperature and thrombus incidence were greater at 30 W and low blood flow. With open irrigation, interface temperature remained low (≤71°C) with no difference between 20 and 30 W or between low and high blood flow. Steam pop occurred at 20 W in 4 of 35 closed loop and 0 of 30 open irrigation and at 30 W in 15 of 28 closed loop and 4 of 28 open irrigation applications ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— Lower interface temperature, thrombus, and steam pop, especially in low blood flow, indicate greater interface cooling with open irrigation.
Efficacy of Twice Daily Fluticasone Propionate and Formoterol Fumarate Combination Administered Using an HFA pMDI in Patients with Moderate to Severe Asthma
Authors: J. Corren, L.E. Mansfield, K. Kaiser, C.L. Renz, R.I. Jain, R.J. Perdok, T.T. Doan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
HER-2 Testing in Breast Cancer Using Parallel Tissue-Based Methods
Authors: Hadi Yaziji
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Testing for HER-2 oncogene in breast cancer has increased because of its role as a prognostic and predictive factor. Some advocate gene testing by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) vs protein testing by immunohistochemistry as the method which most accurately evaluates and predicts response to the anti-HER-2 antibody, trastuzumab. However, critical examination of FISH on a screening basis has yet to be performed.To determine the correlation between FISH and immunohistochemistry results by determining HER-2/neu gene status on tumor sections with indeterminate immunohistochemistry results (2+ score), confirm gene amplification on tumor sections with positive results (3+ score), and verify gene status on tumor sections with negative results (0 or 1+ score).A quality control and quality assurance program for HER-2 testing by FISH, which used tumor specimens from 2963 patients (median age, 56 years) with breast cancer received from 135 hospitals and cancer centers in 29 states, was performed at a reference laboratory from January 1, 1999, to May 15, 2003. Every specimen evaluated by FISH was parallel tested with immunohistochemistry tests.With FISH as the presumed standard testing method, the positive and negative predictive values and sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry were calculated.A total of 3260 clinical HER-2 tests by FISH were performed on 2963 serially referred breast cancer specimens. Of these, 2933 tests were successful and 2913 breast cancer specimens had both FISH and immunohistochemistry results available. With FISH as the standard testing method, the positive predictive value of positive immunohistochemistry score (3+) was 91.6%, and the negative predictive value of negative immunohistochemistry score (0 or 1+) was 97.2%. The sensitivity of immunohistochemistry tests, including tumor sections with scores of 2+ or 3+, was 92.6% and the specificity of immunohistochemistry tests with scores of 3+ was 98.8%. The FISH test had a significantly higher failure rate (5% vs 0.08%) and reagent cost (140 dollars vs 10 dollars), and longer testing (36 hours vs 4 hours) and interpretation times (7 minutes vs 45 seconds) vs immunohistochemistry tests.A testing algorithm for HER-2 determination is most efficient by using immunohistochemistry as the method of choice, with FISH performed for cancers with indeterminate results (2+ score). Successful quality control and quality assurance programs are a prerequisite for such approaches.
Isolated lipase and colipase deficiency in two brothers.
Authors: M Ligumsky, E Granot, D Branski, H Stankiewicz, R Goldstein
Journal: Gut (1990)

Two brothers of Arab origin, aged 15 and 10 years, with isolated congenital lipase and colipase deficiency are described. Both were normally developed with a history of passing greasy stools since early infancy. Both have remarkable steatorrhoea and low serum carotene and vitamin E concentrations. After exocrine pancreatic stimulation, lipase and colipase activities in the duodenal fluid were almost completely absent, while amylase trypsin, bile salt, and pH values were normal. No other aetiology for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found. This is the first report of congenital combined lipase and colipase deficiency in two brothers.
Significant uncertainty is common in nature
Authors: Donald R. Griffin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

In animals' natural lives, uncertainty is normal; and certainty, exceptional. Evaluating ambiguous information is essential for survival: Does what is seen, heard, or smelled mean danger? Does that gesture mean aggression or fear? Is he confident or uncertain? If they are conscious of anything, the content of animals' awareness probably includes crucial uncertainties, both their own and those of others.
GW26-e4787 Xinjiang Uighur adult population Blood glucose level and Ankle-to-Brachial Index: Results from the Cardiovascular Risk Survey
Authors: Yining Yang, Fen Liu, Bangdang Chen, Qingjie Chen, Xiaomei Li, Xiang Xie, Mintao Gai, Yitong Ma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Drugs for Anxiety
Authors: Paul W. Cochran
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your editorial, "Drugs for Anxiety" (228:875, 1974), prompts an uneasy feeling that has been growing on me for some time. Diazepam is cited as a safe drug not particularly subject to abuse when prescribed on an as-needed basis with a cover statement that some psychic distress should not be alarming. This is floridly at variance with my uncollated experience; in fact, so much so that I regard it as virtually a "once on, never off" preparation. I have long prescribed it only for stressful circumstances of clearly brief duration. Despite this precaution, I never prescribe it without a heartfelt sigh, knowing how frequently the initial prescription will be followed not by the requested visits for discussion, but by calls from the pharmacist relaying ever more frequent requests for refills, and then psychotherapy-by-telephone as the patient attempts to justify his need for the drug in three minutes rather
Relation between Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentration and Haemoglobin Values in Non-anaemic Healthy Persons
Authors: L. E. Bottiger, L. A. Carlson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a study of 2,458 healthy non-anaemic subjects a positive correlation was found between haemoglobin levels and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This may be due to simple changes in plasma volume, which may increase when the haemoglobin concentration decreases. Such an association between plasma lipid levels and haemoglobin values might be of importance in the aetiology of coronary heart disease, as a high haemoglobin value is known to be a "risk factor" in myocardial infarction.
Trace deletion and Friederici's (1995) model of syntactic processing
Authors: Dorit Ben Shalom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

This commentary discusses the relation between Grodzinsky's target article and Friederici's (1995) model of syntactic processing. The two models can be made more compatible if it is assumed that people with Broca's aphasia have a problem in trace construction rather than trace deletion, and that the process of trace construction takes place during the second early syntactic substage of Friederici's model.
Le progrès scientifique et social porte-t-il atteinte aux rapports médecin-malade?
Authors: J. Monier
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

It appears undeniable that technical and social progress has modified the doctor-patient relationship. But individual consultation has not been eliminated While data furnished by technology may enable us to make a diagnosis as soon as we see the patient, the patient himself remains to be discovered. The physician is a mediator, a kind of ambassador of medical science to each patient. He provides the scientific explanations and 'lifts the dark shadows' so that the sick and anxious individual can become himself again.
Too much PABP, too little translation
Authors: Hemant K. Kini, Melanie R. Vishnu, Stephen A. Liebhaber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Posttranscriptional regulation is of critical importance during mammalian spermiogenesis. A set of mRNAs that encode proteins critical to normal sperm formation are synthesized early in the process of male germ cell differentiation and are stored in a repressed state. These mRNAs are subsequently translationally activated during the process of spermatid elongation and maturation. Of note, the translationally repressed mRNAs contain long poly(A) tails that are dramatically shortened during the translational activation process. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie this process of mRNA storage and subsequent translational activation has been a long-standing goal. The relationship of the poly(A) tail to translational control is intimately related to the functions of the cognate poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs). In this issue of the JCI, Yanagiya and colleagues use a set of knockout mice to demonstrate a novel functional role for a particular modulator of PABP function, PABP-interacting protein 2a (PAIP2A), in the normal terminal differentiation of male germ cells.
Obituary for David Horrobin: Work inspired and continues to nurture positive clinical outcomes
Authors: P. Kane
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Motivation</h3> Binding pocket volumes are a simple yet important predictor of small molecule binding; however, generating visualizations of pocket topology and performing meaningful volume comparisons can be difficult with available tools. Current programs for accurate volume determination rely on extensive user input to define bulk solvent boundaries and to partition cavities into subpockets, increasing inter-user variability in measurements as well as time demands. <h3>Results</h3> We developed PyVOL, a python package with a PyMOL interface and GUI, to visualize, to characterize, and to compare binding pockets. PyVOL’s pocket identification algorithm is designed to maximize reproducibility through minimization of user-provided parameters, avoidance of grid-based methods, and automated subpocket identification. This approach permits efficient, scalable volume calculations. <h3>Availability</h3> PyVOL is released under the MIT License. Source code and documentation are available through github (https://github.com/schlessingerlab/pyvol/) with distribution through PyPI (bio-pyvol). <h3>Contact</h3> avner.schlessinger@mssm.edu, arvin.dar@mssm.edu
Cat scratch esophagus
Authors: K. Deniz, M. Başkol, Ş. Gürsoy, K. Güven
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Cat scratch lesion of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare entity. It was first reported in the colon, in 2007 [1]. A few case reports of cat scratch colon were published in the English literature following the initial description of this entity [2] [3] [4]. Recently, a case was described of linear esophageal tears in a man, similar to the colonic cat scratch lesion [5]. We report the second case of cat scratch esophagus and describe its natural clinical course.
Talks are under way for salaried GPs to join rival union to BMA
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The BMA is surveying the concerns of its salaried GP members as negotiations are under way to see whether a rival union, the Medical Practitioners’ Union, could represent their views in pay negotiations.

Richard Fieldhouse, a GP and chief executive of the National Association of Sessional GPs, believes that the BMA’s ability to represent salaried GPs is compromised because it represents GPs who own practices as well as the salaried GPs they employ.

“I don’t think the BMA has kept up with the times,” he said, referring to the fact that there are now many more GPs who are women, who work part time, and who are employed on a sessional or salaried basis. He said he had received three or four calls in the past year from salaried GPs who were in dispute with their …
IMPACT OF CYP2C19 POLYMORPHISM ON DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (ACS) IN PATIENTS WITH DECREASED PLASMA LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL (LDL-C)
Authors: Tadasuke Chitose, Seiji Hokimoto, Koichiro Yamamoto, Takamichi Ono, Kenichi Tsujita, Koichi Kaikita, Hitoshi Sumida, Seigo Sugiyama, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Anterior Chest Wall Pain in Postpartum Costochondritis
Authors: SURJIT S. WADHWA, TAI PHAN, OWEN TEREI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Costochondritis is a common diagnosis in patients with anterior chest wall pain in whom serious disease has been excluded. The diagnosis is usually made on clinical grounds, because laboratory and imaging investigations usually provide little information. The authors describe a young woman with postpartum costochondritis and discuss the role of bone scintigraphy in confirming the clinical diagnosis.
Subsequent Neoplasia in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: David Manusow
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We performed a retrospective analysis of all 102 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated by the Hematology Service of the University of Manitoba from Jan 1, 1955, to April 1, 1974. The incidence of secondary cancer was compared with that in the Cancer Registry population of Manitoba of the same age and sex distribution. The risk of all cancers developing in patients with CLL was threefold that for the age- and sex-matched population, eightfold for skin cancers, and twofold for all cancers excluding skin cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>232:267-269, 1975)
Roche's vouchers to patients breach regulatory code
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The pharmaceutical giant Roche has breached the British drug industry’s code of conduct with a scheme that provided shopping vouchers to young patients as an incentive to use one of the company’s products.

The scheme was described as “unacceptable” by the code of conduct panel of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, which found that Roche breached the code of practice in an adherence and incentive scheme for its cystic fibrosis drug dornase alfa (marketed as Pulmozyme).

“The panel was very concerned about a pharmaceutical company in effect providing cash as an incentive to patients to use its medicine,” says a report on the …
Serum Factors Releasing Serotonin from Normal Platelets: Relation to the Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: MARK H. GINSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

In 13 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, globulin fractions of sera from serial bleedings were assayed for the induction of serotonin release from normal platelets. Releasing activity appeared at some time in the sera of seven patients, five of whom had episodes of thrombocytopenia. Conversely, only one patient manifested thrombocytopenia without the occurrence of serotonin releasing activity at any time. In three patients with episodes of thrombocytopenia, increases in serotonin releasing activity temporally coincided with drops in platelet count. These data show that levels of circulating platelet serotonin releasing factor(s) vary in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus and these variations may be inversely related to the platelet count in particular patients.
Who is "black" in medical research?
Authors: I. O. Azuonye
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The United Kingdom Department of Health requires all healthcare institutions to specify the ethnic group to which inpatients belong. The minimum standard for specifying ethnic groups is the codes used by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) for the 1991 census. The confidence with which the term “black” is used in the literature might lead you to think that there is universal agreement about who is black in our world. But what are the measures of blackness?

There is firstly the political measure. The Europeans who took Africans into slavery during a 200 year period beginning in the 17th century found it expedient to attribute all sorts of negative characteristics to them to justify enslaving their fellow human beings. The Europeans saw themselves as superior, good, and deserving everything (“white”), and the Africans as inferior, bad, and deserving nothing (“black”).

Whiteness and blackness were therefore invented, as G Lipsitz said, “as relevant categories in American life largely because of realities created by slavery and segregation. A fictive identity of ‘whiteness’ appeared in law as an abstraction, and it became actualised in everyday life in many ways…. [We …
Suicide: Inside and Out
Authors: L.D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1977)

As part of a strategy to understand the phenomenon of suicide in mental hospitals, Reynolds, a cultural anthropologist, after a period of careful preparation and rehearsal, was admitted to a Veterans Administration hospital as a depressed, suicidal patient. The book discusses his own reactions and his perception of the hospital milieu and staff during his two-week stay. He describes his hospital experiences in a journal that recollects each day of the stay. The first section of the book offers a brief and incomplete review of the literature on suicides occurring in mental hospitals. The author declares that much needs to be learned on the subject and that the majority of such patients who kill themselves in mental hospitals are considered severely disorganized or schizophrenic. Since Reynolds has mimicked a nonschizophrenic depressive disorder, his generalizations are evidently limited, as he readily admits. On the other hand, as a view of the
Banning Tobacco Billboards
Authors: Donald W. Garner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In 1994, Baltimore, Md, became the first city to generally prohibit billboards from displaying alcohol and tobacco advertisements. The owner of most of Baltimore's billboards, Penn Advertising, sued, but the federal district court rejected the billboard company's complaint and ruled that the First Amendment had not been violated and that the federal cigarette labeling acts had not preempted the ability of Baltimore to regulate and prohibit billboard cigarette advertising. In the fall of 1995, the federal district court's judgment was unanimously affirmed by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals in Richmond, Va. This article analyzes the constitutional and preemption issues and concludes that states and municipalities are on firm legal ground when they restrict the location or placement of publicly visible cigarette advertisements without attempting to regulate the advertisement's content or message. States and municipalities command broad authority to protect children and to shield the public from intrusive forms of advertisement that inflict their messages on a captive audience. A billboard ban thus offers local communities a legal avenue to help curb the rising tide of juvenile smoking without raising taxes, creating bureaucracy, or angering smokers. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:1263-1269)
Anthony Mark Barrington Golding
Authors: C. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Anthony Mark Barrington Golding (“Tony”) won two prestigious maths prizes while at Marlborough College and was drawn to a career in accountancy, but his father, a general practitioner in London, believed that his son would make an excellent doctor. Around the same time a school visit by the Bishop of Bath and Wells inspired Anthony to follow a career helping others, and this swayed him towards medicine.

After studying medicine at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Anthony chose to specialise in public health, and, following a number of appointments, he joined King’s College District as community health physician in 1974. He became district medical officer at Camberwell Health Authority (1982-6) then senior consultant in community medicine (1986-8) before becoming honorary consultant. He was also honorary senior lecturer at King’s …
NONPARASITIC CYSTS OF THE SPLEEN
Authors: RAYMOND I. GOSSELIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The opportunity to observe, clinically, a patient with a cyst of the spleen, and to make a study of that organ following splenectomy, seems to justify a report of the data accumulated concerning this condition, in view of its infrequency and of the inchoate state of knowledge regarding this type of lesion.  The literature on the subject of cysts of the spleen is comparatively meager, but not altogether as a result of the rarity of the condition. It appears to have been studied to some extent during the latter part of the last century, but it was not until 1904, when the spleen became an organ of surgical concern, that the interest in the subject was given an impetus and case reports began to accumulate. Extensive studies especially directed toward determining the pathogenesis of cysts in this organ have been made. In this country, the work of R. H. Fowler
Lumbar Puncture and Anticoagulant Therapy-Reply
Authors: John C. M. Brust
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Reply.—  Wee agree with Dr Woolf that the clotting deficit contributed to this lady's spinal hematoma; as the subtitle stated, it is  consequence of anticoagulant therapy. However, severe low back pain and tenderness at the site of the lumbar puncture were prominent complaints that focused attention on the lumbar puncture as the cause of bleeding. The myelogram from above showed the hematoma to extend all the way to the neck, but attempted repeat punctures at L5-S1 and L3-4 had already disclosed old blood in the lumbar area.  Spinal hematomata may be spontaneous or traumatic (including the trauma of lumbar puncture) and may occur with or without the use of anticoagulants. In our patient, both factors appeared to play a role.  Regarding Dr Woolf's dislike of anticoagulants, the value of such therapy in cardiac embolic stroke is supported by data. 1