tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical education in the People's Republic of China at the close of the Cultural Revolution
Authors: E. G. Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smoking Wastes a Good Parisienne-Reply
Authors: Hiroshi Shimokata
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We thank Bonithon-Kopp et al and Seidell et al for sharing the results of their cross-sectional studies on French women and Swedish men, respectively. Both groups confirm the harmful smoking-waist-hip ratio (WHR) association that we reported. The 0.5% larger WHR in women who are heavy smokers compared with nonsmokers is much smaller than the differences we found in men, a 2.1% larger WHR in those who smoke 21 to 40 cigarettes per day than in nonsmokers and a 4% larger WHR in those who smoke more than 40 cigarettes per day. This comparison suggests that the effect of smoking on the distribution of body fat in women is only one fourth or one eighth as great as that in men. We now have analyzed cross-sectional data from 289 women in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (Table 3). Too few women have spontaneously changed their smoking habits
Activation of GPR40 as a Therapeutic Target for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Charles F. Burant
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose can be modulated by multiple nutritive, hormonal, and pharmacological inputs. Fatty acids potentiate insulin secretion through the generation of intracellular signaling molecules and through the activation of cell surface receptors. The G-protein–coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as free fatty acid receptor 1 (we will use GPR40 in this review), has emerged as an important component in the fatty acid augmentation of insulin secretion. By signaling predominantly through Gαq/11, GPR40 increases intracellular calcium and activates phospholipases to generate diacylglycerols resulting in increased insulin secretion. Synthetic small-molecule agonists of GPR40 enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo with a mechanism similar to that found with fatty acids. GPR40 agonists have shown efficacy in increasing insulin secretion and lowering blood glucose in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. Recent phase I and phase II clinical trials in humans have shown that the GPR40 agonist TAK-875 reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose and lowers HbA1c with efficacy equal to that of the sulfonylurea glimepiride without inducing hypoglycemia or evidence of tachyphylaxis. These data suggest that targeting the GPR40 receptor can be a viable therapeutic option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
A phase I study of tipifarnib combined with conventional induction and consolidation therapy for previously untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia aged 60 years and over
Authors: J M Brandwein, B F Leber, K Howson-Jan, A D Schimmer, A C Schuh, V Gupta, K W L Yee, J Wright, M Moore, K MacAlpine, M D Minden
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND DYSSYNCHRONY BY 3-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Atsushi Mochizuki, Satoshi Yuda, Yukiko Ohi, mina kawamukai, Junichi Nishida, Hidemichi Kouzu, Atsuko Muranaka, nobuaki kokubu, Shinya Shimoshige, Mamoru Hase, Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Tsuchihashi Kazufumi, Tetsuji Miura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Everybody's doing it wrong
Authors: M Berelowitz
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To a child psychiatrist this series of 20 minute talks by Clifford Yorke, a distinguished Freudian child psychoanalyst, was infuriating. The many excellent ideas were camouflaged by contradiction and inconsistency. Let me begin by finding some points of agreement. Divorce and marital disharmony are both bad for children. It hardly matters which is worse - neither conveys any benefits to a child. Also, children who end up being the sole recipient of all of one parent's love, interest, and need for companionship are not at an advantage.

On many other points, however, I disagreed …
Standards for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care
Authors: Stephan Carveth
Journal: JAMA (1974)

WITH this issue,The Journalpublishes a supplement that represents a landmark document. It is entitled<i>Standards for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care</i>. It seems only yesterday in the long history of medicine that resuscitative efforts included such measures as rolling a victim over a barrel and rectal insufflation of smoke. Changes posed by World War II and research that continued into the 1950s culminated in 1966 with the First National Conference on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) that was sponsored jointly by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council and the American Heart Association. The Journalwas pleased to publish the standards issued from that conference that became the "law" of the medical world in the field of CPR. The science and art continued to develop rapidly during the ensuing years. As a result of experimental and clinical observations, techniques for artificial ventilation and cardiac compression have evolved to a
New Perspectives on the Medical Consequences of Nuclear War
Authors: Alexander Leaf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The destructive capability of modern nuclear weapons should now be evident to everyone; in fact, our national security for the past 40 years has been based on the perception that nuclear war would be unhealthy. People's perceptions of how serious the health problems would be in the event of a nuclear war, however, vary surprisingly and must affect their attitudes toward the use of nuclear weapons. Therefore, understanding what the health consequences of a nuclear war would be, as best we can know them, is very important for informed opinions and actions by citizens and by government.Studies performed primarily . . .
A THREE MONTHS OLD STRAIN OF EPITHELIUM
Authors: Albert Fischer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. A strain of pure epithelial cells was obtained from the part of the iris which adheres to the extirpated lens. 2. The optimum condition under which epithelial cells grow in vitro is on the free surface of the plasma clot under a film of embryonic tissue juice. 3. The epithelial cells did not dedifferentiate. Although the strain is 3 months old, they grow as a pavement membrane and have kept their epithelial characteristics.
991-73 Ultrarapid Subthreshold Stimulation Delivered via Epicardial Patches can Terminate Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia in a Canine Model
Authors: Maurice Weiss, Steven Evans, Andrew Grunwald, Robert Palazzo, Ulane Neveling, Stephen Blumberg, Monty Bodenheimer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Bone Marrow–Derived Regenerated Cardiomyocytes (CMG Cells) Express Functional Adrenergic and Muscarinic Receptors
Authors: Daihiko Hakuno, Keiichi Fukuda, Shinji Makino, Fusako Konishi, Yuichi Tomita, Tomohiro Manabe, Yusuke Suzuki, Akihiro Umezawa, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — We recently reported that cardiomyocytes could be differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro by 5-azacytidine treatment. In native cardiomyocytes, adrenergic and muscarinic receptors play crucial roles in mediating heart rate, conduction velocity, contractility, and cardiac hypertrophy. We investigated whether these receptors are expressed in differentiated CMG cells, and if so, whether they have downstream signaling systems. Methods and Results — Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction revealed that CMG cells had already expressed α 1A -, α 1B -, and α 1D -adrenergic receptor mRNA before 5-azacytidine treatment, whereas expression of β 1 -, β 2 -adrenergic and M 1 -, M 2 -muscarinic receptors was first detected at 1 day. Phenylephrine dose-dependently induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was completely inhibited by prazosin, and significantly increased cell size. Isoproterenol augmented cAMP by 38-fold, which was fully inhibited by propranolol. Isoproterenol (10 −7 mol/L) increased the spontaneous beating rate by 47.6% (basal, 127±16 bpm), and propranolol and CGP20712A (β 1 -selective blocker) reduced it by 79.0% and 71.0%, respectively, whereas ICI118551 (β 2 -selective blocker) induced slight reduction. Cell motion, percent shortening, and contractile velocity were increased by 37.5%, 26.9%, and 50.6%, respectively, in response to isoproterenol. Phenylephrine and isoproterenol augmented ANP and BNP gene expressions. Carbachol increased IP 3 by 32-fold, which was markedly inhibited by atropine as well as AFDX116 (M 2 -selective blocker) measured by radioimmunoassay. Conclusions — These findings indicate that CMG cells expressed α 1A , α 1B , and α 1D receptors before differentiation and expressed β 1 , β 2 , M 1 , and M 2 receptors after they obtained the cardiomyocyte phenotype. These receptors had functional signal transduction pathways and could modulate cell function.
Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product Levels Are Inversely Associated With HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Naoto Katakami, Munehide Matsuhisa, Hideaki Kaneto, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor (RAGE) system play an important role in the development of diabetic vascular complications (1, 2). Recently, an endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) has been identified as a novel splice variant, which lacks the transmembrane domain and is secreted in human sera. Interestingly, it was reported that esRAGE binds AGE ligands and neutralizes AGE actions (3). It is well known that type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent and serious metabolic disease affecting people all over the world and that vascular complications are clinically often observed in type 2 …
Biologic significance of the detection of HBsAg and HBcAg in liver and tumor from 204 HBsAg-positive patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hey-Chi Hsu, Tsung-Teh Wu, Jin-Chuan Sheu, Chieng-Yen Wu, Tzyy-Jen Chiou, Chu-Shue Lee, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Hepatitis B virus surface and core antigens (HBsAg, HBcAg) were examined in the resected primary hepatocellular carcinoma from 204 patients who had HBsAg in serum. Ninety patients had small (&lt;5 cm) and 114 had large hepatocellular carcinoma (&gt;5 cm). HBsAg was detected in hepatocellular carcinoma in 65 cases (32%) and HBcAg in 30 cases (14.7%); hepatitis B virus antigens were more frequently detected in small (HBsAg in 42.2% and HBcAg in 20%) than in large hepatocellular carcinoma (HBsAg 23.7% and HBcAg 10.5%). These results suggest that replicative forms of hepatitis B virus DNA may exist in hepatocellular carcinoma more frequently than previously believed and that the malignant hepatocytes can support hepatitis B virus replication. A lymphocytic infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma was more often observed in hepatocellular carcinoma expressing HBsAg (71%) or HBcAg (63%) than in hepatocellular carcinoma with no detectable HBsAg (26%) or HBcAg (37%), p &lt; 0.01. The reaction was mild in the majority (85%) of the cases. These findings suggest that hepatitis B virus antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma can provoke a local immune response. The most striking finding was that patients with hepatitis B virus antigens in small hepatocellular carcinoma had a 5-year survival rate (13%) lower than that (50%) of the antigen-negative patients (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, patients with a marked local immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma, regardless of the viral antigen status, had significantly better 5-year survival rates (43%) than those with no or a mild lymphocytic reaction (18%). These findings indicate that a marked immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma is a favorable prognostic sign. The unfavorable course of the patient with viral antigen-expressing hepatocellular carcinoma may in fact reflect the inability of the host immune response to clear the viral infection and the antigen-expressing tumor cells.
The Monument to Benjamin Rush.—
Authors: Albert L. Gihon
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Life Current of Human Beings ; by Marion Guild Walcott, of Washington ; is the title of a paper pub- lished in our last issue, and that we had eliminated from the papers read at the Annual Meeting in Wash- ington, but by mistake got into our printer's hands.The paper was among those given to the editor of The Journal at Washington.It is hardly necessary to say the subject-matter is
Low back pain: Risk factors for suicide should be elicited
Authors: Keith R Linsley, Jessica Martin
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Walker et al show convincingly that drivers and other occupants of heavy four wheel drive vehicles are safer in crashes than those in smaller or lighter vehicles and those on foot or cycle. 1 They also show that drivers of these vehicles use mobile phones more often and seat belts less often than drivers of other cars.But by conflating mobile phone use (which distracts drivers) and non-use of seat belts (which makes drivers feel less safe) as equally important examples of illegal and dangerous practices they have sown confusion and undermined the prospect of a constructive approach to road safety.Using mobile phones and not using seatbelts have opposing consequences for other road users.The distraction caused by mobile phones increases the threat to others, but the non-use of seat belts decreases it.As the authors note, deaths of pedestrians, cyclists, and rear seat passengers increased (by 8%, 13%, and 28% respectively) after laws mandating the use of seat belts in front seats were introduced in the United Kingdom.
Abstract 3127: Expression and sub-cellular localization of claudin-4 in MCF-7 breast and HEC-1A endometrial cancer cell lines
Authors: Maria E. Cuevas, Rebecca A. Sheller, Andrea C. Holland, Brytanie N. Piana, Maria C. Todd
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The claudin (CLDN) family consists of 24 tetraspan membrane proteins that are essential for the formation of tight junctions (TJs). Members of the CLDN family display tissue-specific expression and are involved in multiple normal cellular processes. In addition, alterations in CLDN gene expression have been shown to be associated with a variety of cancers. For example, CLDN-3 and CLDN-4 have been found to be upregulated in prostate, ovarian and breast cancer. We have previously shown gross overexpression of CLDN-3 in the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-415. Furthermore, using sequential protein extraction techniques we have consistently observed expression of CLDN-3 in all four subcellular fractions of MCF-7 cells with the bulk of expression in the membrane fraction. CLDN-3 and CLDN-4 genes are located within 50 kb on chromosome 7 and their coordinated regulation has been reported in normal, neoplastic tissues and various cancer cell lines. The present study reports the expression and sub-cellular localization of CLDN-4 in a panel of cancer cell lines using immunoblot analysis. Like CLDN-3, overexpression of claudin-4 was observed in the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-415. In addition, we observed expression of CLDN-3 and CLDN-4 in both endometrial (HEC-1A and RL95-2) and prostate (DU-145) cancer cell lines. Sub-cellular localization analysis of MCF-7 cells demonstrated the expression of CLDN-4 in the membrane, nuclear, cytosolic and to a lesser extent in the cytoskeletal fractions. Currently we are investigating the sub-cellular localization of CLDN-3 and 4 in the endometrial and prostate cancer cell lines described above. Recent studies have shown CLNDs to be involved in signaling to and from TJs, conveying important chemical messages for cell proliferation and differentiation. The presence of CLDN-3 and 4 in the cytosol and nucleus observed in this study may indicate their involvement in cell signaling. Alternatively, their unusual localization may be a characteristic of breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3127. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3127
Hyaline degeneration in heart infarction
Authors: J. T Beranek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Hyaline degeneration in heart infarction Get access Jiri T Beranek Jiri T Beranek 4101 S Wappel Drive, Columbia, MO 65203, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 142–143, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88560-9 Published: 01 January 1995
946. CD8+ T Cells Are Partially Mediate the Immune-Mediated Silencing of Adenoviral Vector-Encoded Transgene Expression in the Rat Brain
Authors: Carlos Barcia, Clare Thomas, James F. Curtin, Jeffrey M. Zirger, Weidong Xiong, Olivier Boyer, David Klatzmann, Maria G. Castro, Pedro R. Lowenstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

First generation adenoviral vectors (RAd) transfer genes into the brain with high efficiency, and provide high levels, long term expression, and therapeutic efficacy in models of brain tumors and neurodegeneration, in the absence of priming of an anti-adenoviral immune response. Systemic immunization against RAd, however, induces a cellular adaptive immune response which completely eliminates the expression of the transgene from the brain, and causes a long-term inflammatory response. To elucidate the mechanisms by which the immune response clears transgene expression from the brain, we examined, following the delivery of RAds into the striatum, and systemic immune priming, whether the immune mediated inhibition of transgene expression causes brain neurotoxicity, reduces the levels of transgene transcripts, reduces vector genome copy numbers, and is mediated by CD8+ T cells. Our experiments provided the following results: (1) at 7 and 14 days post-immunization there was an infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages surrounding transduced cells; (2) macrophages containing remains of transduced cells could be identified indicating the existence of cytotoxicity of transduced cells; (3) there was neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, but not in the striatum; (4) transgene mRNA levels were reduced by more than 90%, but genome copy numbers were only reduced by 10-20%; (5) the depletion of CD8+ T cells using the monoclonal antibody OX8, reduced circulating CD8+ T cells by >90% and partially protected against the immunization-induced silencing of transgene expression. In summary, our data indicate that immune-mediated silencing of RAd-encoded transgene expression in the brain occurs through a combination of non-cytolytic, and, also cytotoxic mechanisms. The percentage contribution of each mechanism is currently being evaluated.
Preventing Falls in Elderly Persons
Authors: Mary E. Tinetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 79-year-old woman with a history of congestive heart failure, arthritis, depression, and difficulty sleeping presents for a follow-up visit. She takes several prescription medications, including an antidepressant, a diuretic, an angiotensin-converting–enzyme inhibitor, and a beta-blocker, as well as over-the-counter sleep and allergy medications. Her chronic conditions appear to be stable. Her daughter reports that the patient has fallen twice during the past six months. What can be done to prevent future falls?
New Tests to Assess Lung Function
Authors: Peter T. Macklem, J. Pepys
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE etiologic use of allergen inhalation tests discussed here is based largely on our own experience at the Brompton Hospital. Some workers also use inhalation tests as a diagnostic aid to distinguish asthma from other forms of bronchial disease by its greater reactivity to pharmacodynamic agents such as histamine and acetylcholine. A direct relation between this reactivity and the degree of Type 1, IgE-mediated, allergy has been reported.1 There is controversy over their use because of potential hazards. Their ethical justification, however, is based on the primary objective of the clinician to identify causal agents capable of eliciting asthmatic reactions . . .
PERIPHERAL NEURITIS AS A COMPLICATION OF WHOOPING-COUGH.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our knowledge of neuritis is of but comparatively recent date. In fact, one of the earliest systematic studies of the subject was made by three American physicians, namely, Mitchell, Morehouse and Keen, whose observations on traumatic neuritis during and following the Civil War have become classical. Isolated cases of neuritis due to other causes had been reported previously, but their nature was not clearly understood and many of them were considered examples of anterior poliomyelitis or spinal muscular atrophy. It was not, however, until 1880 that, largely as a result of the labors of Leyden and others, the clinical and anatomic picture of polyneuritis was established. The etiologic diversity was at the same time recognized and the clinical variability later pointed out. Still more recently the conception of the neuron, comprising the ganglion-cell and its peripheral processes as one continuous whole, has helped to explain on the one
Endoscopic Electrocoagulation of Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Authors: John P. Papp
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Endoscopic electrocoagulation was performed on 40 occasions for 38 patients with bleeding gastrointestinal lesions. Cessation of bleeding was achieved in 95%. Fifteen gastric ulcers, 14 duodenal ulcers, six Mallory-Weiss tears, one gastric varix, one hemorrhagic antral gastritis, and one esophageal ulcer were successfully electrocoagulated. Three duodenal and three gastric ulcers rebled. One duodenal ulcer and one gastric ulcer were successfully reelectrocoagulated. Failure to stop bleeding by electrocoagulation occurred in one Mallory-Weiss tear and one duodenal ulcer. There was no morbidity nor mortality attributed to endoscopic electrocoagulation. A retrospective cost analysis showed that the cost of hospitalization was less in patients treated by electrocoagulation. Patients so treated were hospitalized for a shorter duration. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2076-2079, 1976)
Confidence intervals illuminate absence of evidence
Authors: Doug Altman, J Martin Bland
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We agree with Alderson that authors should recognise that non-significant results are compatible with a range of possible findings.1 Papers in the same issue of the BMJ do not adhere to this good advice.

Koivunen et al concluded that adenoidectomy is not effective and cannot be recommended, yet the 95% confidence interval for further …