tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Termination of Pregnancy during the Third Trimester
Authors: McInerney Jd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Abstract When Congress in 1978 created the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, the federal government claimed unprecedented power over ethical issues in medical practice. The commission's term has recently expired, and proposals for a successor body are being considered. The question is whether the government should be making pronouncements on medical ethics and if so, how. This article argues for a government role of limited scope and evaluates the mechanism Congress chose, the independent advisory commission, against others recently proposed. We conclude that the alternatives will not fulfill a proper government role and that the temporary independent advisory commission is the most appropriate model. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 627–32.)
The excess burden of stroke in hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: John J. Strouse, Lori C. Jordan, Sophie Lanzkron, James F. Casella
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

This report compares the relative rates and risk factors associated with stroke in adults versus children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the United States over the last decade. We identified incident strokes in patients with SCD using ICD-9 codes for acute stroke and SCD and the California Patient Discharge Databases. We estimated SCD prevalence by using the incidence of SCD at birth with adjustment for early mortality from SCD. We identified 255 acute strokes (70 primary hemorrhagic and 185 ischemic) among 69,586 hospitalizations for SCD-related complications from 1998 to 2007. The rate of stroke in children [<18 years old (310/100,000 person-years)] was similar to young adults [18-34 years old (360/100,000 person-years)], but much higher in middle-aged [35-64 years old (1,160/100,000 person-years)] and elderly adults [> or =65 years old (4,700/100,000 person-years)]. Stroke was associated with hypertension in children and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and renal disease in adults. Most acute strokes (75%) and in-hospital deaths from stroke (91%) occurred in adults. Our results suggest that the rate of stroke in SCD peaks in older adults and is three-fold higher than rates previously reported in African-Americans of similar age (35-64 years) without SCD. Stroke in SCD is associated with several known adult risk factors for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Studies for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in adults with SCD are urgently needed.
Subintimal Dissection of the Coronary Arteries
Authors: JOHN M. HAAS, CHARLES R. PETERSON, ROBERT C. JONES
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Selective coronary arteriography is now the procedure of choice in the determination of the existence and the delineation of the extent of chronic obstructive coronary artery disease. Since Sones and Shirey's original description of this technique, variations in the procedure and the approach have evolved. More recently, the percutaneous transfemoral artery approach to selective coronary arteriography has gained increasing favor because of the ease of intubation of both coronary arteries, stability of the catheter once positioned in the coronary ostium, and the high quality of cinefluorography and direct serial radiography. Because of the tapered-tip design and positrol feature, the depth to which the coronary artery can be cannulated, and the angle formed by the tip of the catheter and the intima of the vessel, the possibility of subintimal dissection of the coronary arteries as an inherent complication of this approach arises. Two such cases of subintimal dissection of the left coronary artery are described with cinefluorographic documentation. It is recommended that after cannulation of the coronary vessels the catheter be withdrawn several millimeters from the lumen of the vessel in order to avoid this complication of an otherwise valuable diagnostic approach to selective coronary arteriography.
Role of basal nitric oxide synthesis in vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity in the perfused rat hindlimb after myocardial infarction: effect of captopril
Authors: D Ceiler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: The contribution of vascular changes to the development of heart failure is largely unknown. In the present study, we evaluated endothelial and vascular contractile function in the rat hindlimb vascular bed after myocardial infarction (MI), including the modulatory role of basal nitric oxide (NO) production and the effects of treatment with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on vascular function. Methods: MI was induced in male Wistar rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Acetylcholine-induced dilatations were assessed in the ex vivo perfused hindlimb at various time points. At 2 and 5 weeks post-MI, vascular contractile function in the perfused hindlimb was assessed from resistance changes induced by 35 mM and 125 mM potassium (K+) and the maximum increase in resistance (ΔRmax, 125 mM K+ and 3 mg phenylephrine). Basal NO synthesis was blocked for 2 weeks with l-nitro-arginine methylester (l-NAME) in sham and MI rats and similar contractility experiments were performed. The effect of captopril treatment from 2 to 5 weeks post-MI on vasoconstrictor responses was also tested. Results: Acetylcholine-induced dilatations in the presence of 10 μM indomethacin were not different between sham and MI rats. Vasoconstrictor responses to K+ and ΔRmax were reduced at 2 weeks after MI. This reduction in vasoconstrictor ability was similar to that seen in l-NAME-treated sham rats, while chronic l-NAME treatment did not affect vasoconstrictor reactivity in MI rats. Similarly, l-NAME induced an increase in mean arterial pressure in sham rats, but not in MI rats. At 5 weeks after MI, vasoconstriction to 125 mM K+ and ΔRmax were still reduced in MI rats; this response was however partially restored after captopril treatment. Conclusion: The development of vascular contractile hyporeactivity in the rat hindlimb after MI may be due to reduced basal NO production. Delayed treatment with captopril improves peripheral vascular contractile function in this setting.
Serrated lesions in colorectal cancer screening: detection, resection, pathology and surveillance
Authors: James E East, Michael Vieth, Douglas K Rex
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The emergence of Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 has begun a number of discussions regarding breakthrough infection, waning immunity, need and timing for vaccine boosters and whether existing mRNA vaccines for the wildtype strain are adequate. Our work leverages a biosensor-based technique to evaluate the binding efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 S1 specific salivary antibodies to the Omicron and Delta variants using a cohort of mRNA vaccinated (n=109) and convalescent (n=19) subjects. We discovered a wide range of binding efficacies to the variant strains, with a mean reduction of 60.5%, 26.7%, and 14.7% in measurable signal to the Omicron strain and 13.4%, 2.4%, and −6.4% percent mean reduction to the Delta Variant for convalescent, Pfizer, and Moderna vaccinated groups respectively. This assay may be an important tool in determining susceptibility to infection or need for booster immunization as the pandemic evolves. <h3>Key Points</h3> AMPERIAL assay developed to quantify salivary SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG antibodies to Omicron and Delta variants There was a reduction in affinity to both Delta and Omicron Variants The reduction in affinity was more pronounced to Omicron than for Delta Variants There was a significant difference between IgG affinities in Individuals vaccinated with Pfizer versus Moderna Vaccines
TIMP-1 deficiency leads to lethal partial hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury
Authors: Sergio Duarte, Takashi Hamada, Naohisa Kuriyama, Ronald W. Busuttil, Ana J. Coito
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) remains an important challenge in clinical orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is the major endogenous regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In this study we investigated the functional significance of TIMP-1 expression in a well-established mouse model of partial liver IRI. Compared to wildtype mice, TIMP-1−/− mice showed further impaired liver function and histological preservation after IRI. Notably, TIMP-1 deficiency led to lethal liver IRI, as over 60% of the TIMP-1−/− mice died postreperfusion, whereas all TIMP-1+/+ mice recovered and survived surgery. Lack of TIMP-1 expression was accompanied by markedly high levels of MMP-9 activity, which facilitates leukocyte transmigration across vascular barriers in hepatic IRI. Indeed, TIMP-1−/− livers were characterized by massive leukocyte infiltration and by up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon-gamma, and inducible nitric oxide synthase post-IRI. The inability of TIMP-1−/− mice to express TIMP-1 increased the levels of active caspase-3 and depressed the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphorylation of Akt, emphasizing an important role for TIMP-1 expression on hepatocyte survival. Using independent parameters of regeneration, 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and histone H3 phosphorylation, we provide evidence that hepatocyte progression into S phase and mitosis was impaired in TIMP-1-deficient livers after IRI. Inhibition of the cell cycle progression by TIMP-1 deficiency was linked to depressed levels of cyclins-D1 and -E and to a disrupted c-Met signaling pathway, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylated c-Met expression and elevated c-Met ectodomain shedding postliver IRI. Conclusion : These results support a critical protective function for TIMP-1 expression on promoting survival and proliferation of liver cells and on regulating leukocyte recruitment and activation in liver IRI.
Hyaluronic acid accumulation and redistribution in rejecting rat kidney graft. Relationship to the transplantation edema.
Authors: R Hällgren, B Gerdin, G Tufveson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

By using biotin-labeled proteoglycan core protein and an avidin-enzyme system, hyaluronic acid (HA) was visualized in rat kidney. In the normal kidney, HA was localized in the extracellular space of the inner medulla and increased markedly towards the papillary tip. No staining for HA was seen in the interstitial tissue of the cortex or the outer medulla. During the development of rejection of allogeneic renal grafts, a progressive increase in accumulated HA was seen in the interstitial tissue of the cortex and outer medulla. The extractable amounts of HA increased, on average, 40 times in the cortex and outer medulla; no increase was measured in the inner medulla and papilla. The relative water content of the cortex and outer medulla also increased progressively and correlated with the HA accumulation. The extractable amounts of HA in syngeneic grafts increased by day 2 and then leveled off, indicating that surgical trauma may induce some transient HA accumulation after transplantation. Interstitial accumulation of HA, a glycosaminoglycan with unique water-binding qualities, would presumably influence water transport and osmotic activity and should thereby be implicated in the normal papillary function, but also in the development of the interstitial edema of the cortex and outer medulla during rejection of renal grafts.
Despite Tensions of Monitoring World Trouble Spot, Aircraft Carrier Becomes First to Ban Tobacco
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE SMOKING lamp is out. It's going out for good aboard the aircraft carrier<i>USS Theodore Roosevelt</i>(CVN 71) and—given the goal of Donald F. Hagen, MD—that lamp soon will cease to shine anywhere in the US Navy. The reference to extinguishing the smoking lamp comes from phrasing of the traditional Navy announcement that there is to be no shipboard smoking at a certain time (for example, when the ship is being refueled). But Hagen, a three-star admiral who is surgeon general of the Navy, plans to make the ban more than temporary and extend it servicewide. At the moment when it's announced that the smoking lamp is lit, a ship's crew has permission to resume smoking. But aboard the carrier<i>Roosevelt</i>, which has a crew of 5482, including approximately 600 Marines, the lamp will remain dark after July 4. <h3>A Navy 'First'</h3> The<i>Roosevelt</i>, which has been in the
THE PROBABLE ENDOCRINE ORIGIN OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: G. A. FRIEDMAN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The consensus of opinion is that chronic ulcer in man develops from the acute ulcer, and that the acute ulcer must necessarily be preceded by an initial lesion. Once the initial lesion is formed, its further development through the various stages into the chronic ulcer is attributed to the corrosive action of the hydrochloric acid of the gastric juice. However, intrinsic causes, such as the mechanical irritation of food on the ulcerated area, and extrinsic causes, such as epigastric pressure from abnormal posture, are other agents helping to produce chronicity. The presence of hyperchlorhydria in conditions other than ulcer, and the absence of ulcer in true achylia gastrica, though occasionally lesions in the stomach may be present in the latter condition, are facts suggesting that hydrochloric acid is a secondary, though prominent, factor in effecting the beginning of an ulcer. It is not the main etiologic factor.  Various theories have
A PROTEST AGAINST THE EMPLOYMENT OF PARAFFIN INJECTIONS NEAR THE EYESOR THE USE OF SOLID PARAFFIN IN THE CAPSULE OF TENON AFTER ENUCLEATION, WITH REPORT OF TWO CASES OF INJURY.
Authors: A. E. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following cases are put on record to call attention to the fact that paraffin injections near the eye, or a solid mass of paraffin placed within the capsule of Tenon itself, after enucleation, are not without danger. Dr. F. Gregory Connell<sup>1</sup>well says: The attempts at improvement which terminate unsatisfactorily are of even more import than are the cases which result favorably. The temptation is to report the successful operations and to postpone indefinitely a report of those cases which had an unfavorable outcome, in this way giving to one searching for a verdict on the method a biased conception as to the results one may reasonably anticipate. The satisfactory results are sufficient in themselves. The failures demand further attention and investigation, both from the operator and the profession at large in an attempt to discover the cause of the fault and to place it at the door
TWO CASES OF ASCITES DUE TO LIVER CIRRHOSIS TREATED BY OPERATION
Authors: G. G. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1909)

LIVER CIRRHOSIS. [OCT. 23, I909.until a marked inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues occurred, the ulcer being protected between times by a piece of lint retained in position by strips of sticking- pTaster.The bichromate was then stopped, and a dressing of boracic ointment applied until the surrounding inflammation was allayed.The ulcer then appeared to be in a healthier condition, the floor having been partly destroyed and granulations becoming evident.The process was repeated twice, bichromate being painted on the ulcer night and morning as before, with a similar result, and being followed by the application of boracic ointment.The effect of the potassium bichromate was the production of a sloughing of the unhealthy tissue over the whole floor, which extended also under the rolled oedge of the ulcer.Healthy granulation was promoted, and, after the completion of the third series of applications of the bichromate, the epithelium spread rapidly over the ulcer, which healed completely, leaving a somewhat irregularly-pitted scar.From the beginning of the treatment till the ulcer was apparently cured occupied a period of three months.Two weeks later, however, a small part of the margin of the cicatrix began to break down.Two further repetitions of the process were sufficient to cure this, and so far no further recurrence of the condition has taken place.REFERENCEE.
The Hox cofactor and proto-oncogene Pbx1 is required for maintenance of definitive hematopoiesis in the fetal liver
Authors: Jorge F. DiMartino, Licia Selleri, David Traver, Meri T. Firpo, Joon Rhee, Roger Warnke, Stephen O'Gorman, Irving L. Weissman, Michael L. Cleary
Journal: Blood (2001)
Quality of After-Hours Primary Care in the Netherlands: A Narrative Review
Authors: Paul Giesen, Marleen Smits, Linda Huibers, Richard Grol, Michel Wensing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Many Western countries are seeking an organizational model for after-hours primary care that is safe, efficient, and satisfactory for patients and health care professionals. Around the year 2000, Dutch primary care physicians (PCPs) reorganized their after-hours primary care and shifted from small rotation groups to large-scale PCP cooperatives. This article provides a narrative review of studies on a range of issues about after-hours primary care in the Netherlands, including experiences of health care professionals and patients, patient-safety incidents, adherence to practice guidelines, waiting times, and quality of telephone triage. Physicians expressed high satisfaction with PCP cooperatives; their workload decreased, and job satisfaction increased compared with the situation before the reorganization. In general, patients were also satisfied, but areas for improvement included telephone consultations, patient education, and distance to a pharmacy. A study identified patient-safety incidents in 2.4% of all contacts, of which most did not result in harm to patients. The average adherence to clinical guidelines by physicians was 77%, with lowest adherence scores for prescribing antibiotics and treatment in emergency cases. The average waiting time for home visits was 30 minutes. Seventy percent of patients with life-threatening problems were visited within the time target of 15 minutes. Telephone triage by nurses had positive effects on care efficiency by increasing the proportion of telephone consultations and decreasing the proportion of clinic consultations and home visits. The after-hours primary care system in the Netherlands might set an example for other countries struggling to find a good solution for the problems they encounter with after-hours primary care. Future developments in the Netherlands include integration and extensive collaboration with the accident and emergency departments of hospitals, in which PCPs take care of self-referring patients.
Abstract 4776: From in-silico screening to anti-cancer activity: The discovery of a potent inhibitor targeting the JNK-JIP interaction
Authors: Tamer S. Kaoud, Chunli Yan, Chun-Chia Tseng, Jiney Jose, Ashwini K. Devkota, Juliana Taliaferro, Pengyu Ren, Kevin Dalby
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The JNK signaling pathway is related to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer (JNK2 selective inhibitors have been reported as potential suppressor of breast cancer cell migration). The JNK-JIP interaction represents an attractive target for the selective inhibition of JNK-mediated signaling. Herein, we applied a Hybrid Structure-Based Virtual-Screening (VS) workflow based on a combination of 3D shape and electrostatic similarity with GOLD (Genetic Optimization in Ligand Docking) and FRED (Fast Rigid Exhaustive Docking) docking screening techniques to discover novel scaffolds for small ATP-Independent JNK inhibitor targeting the JNK-JIP interaction. The starting point for the VS here was BI78-D3, which has been reported as the first inhibitor targeting JNK-JIP interaction. Out of 750 compounds representing the highest ranked by VS of NCI (National Cancer Institute) Diversity Set (∼250,000 compounds), 352 were tested by in-vitro cell-free kinase assay. The Ability of the used VS protocol to identify selective JNK inhibitors has been tested by screening those 352 compounds against five different kinases. The two tested atypical kinases (eEF2K and TrpM7) which has the least structure similarity with MAP kinases showed very limited inhibition if compared to JNK1 and JNK2, surprisingly, ERK2 and P38-alpha, the two structurally similar to JNK, showed similar results to the alpha kinases. This has been confirmed by an enrichment experiment that has been done using 350 compounds that randomly selected from the same library without employment of virtual screening, these compounds showed very similar inhibition pattern to both JNK and TrpM7 due to the loss of JNK selectivity that established by employment of VS. To validate the efficiency of the used VS protocol to identify inhibitors that bind the JIP-JNK binding site, we developed a displacement assay using FITC (Fluorescein-isothiocyanate) labeled-JIP peptide. Most of the compounds that inhibited JNK kinase activity more than 50% were able to decrease binding of the labeled JIP-peptide to JNK, suggesting the successful targeting of the substrate-binding site of JNK by the identified inhibitors. In summary, the used VS protocol identified novel scaffolds for JNK selective small ATP-Independent inhibitors targeting the JNK-JIP interaction. These compounds will be potential candidates as inhibitors of breast cancer cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4776. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4776
Molecular Organization in Phases of Lecithin- Cholate-Water As Studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: GÖRan Lindblom, Per-Olof Eriksson, GÖSta Arvidson
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The molecular organization in the liquid crystalline phases and the micellar solution phase has been investigated using numerous nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. A brief review of previous studies on the lamellar, hexagonal and cubic liquid crystalline phases is given. Mixed micelles were studied by measurements of 2 H T 1 and T 2 nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times of 2 H-labeled phosphatidylcholine. Using simple and rough models, the size and shape of the micellar aggregate were estimated.
Temporal artery biopsy for diagnosing giant cell arteritis: the longer, the better?
Authors: A Mahr, M Saba, M Kambouchner, M Polivka, M Baudrimont, I Brochériou, J Coste, L Guillevin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

To investigate the relation between temporal artery biopsy (TAB) length and diagnostic sensitivity for giant cell arteritis.Histological TAB reports generated from four hospital pathology departments were reviewed for demographics, histological findings, and formalin fixed TAB lengths. A biopsy was considered positive for giant cell arteritis if there was a mononuclear cell infiltrate predominating at the media-intima junction or in the media.Among 1821 TAB reports reviewed, 287 (15.8%) were excluded because of missing data, sampling errors, or age < 50 years. Mean TAB length of the 1520 datasets finally analysed (67.2% women; mean (SD) age, 73.1 (10.0) years) was 1.33 (0.73) cm. Histological evidence of giant cell arteritis was found in 223 specimens (14.7%), among which 164 (73.5%) contained giant cells. Statistical analyses, including piecewise logistic regression, identified 0.5 cm as the TAB length change point for diagnostic sensitivity. Compared with TAB length of < 0.5 cm, the respective odds ratios for positive TAB without and with multinucleated giant cells in samples > or = 0.5 cm long were 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 23.6) and 4.0 (0.97 to 16.5).A fixed TAB length of at least 0.5 cm could be sufficient to make a histological diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.