tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i>evaluation of the cross-genotype neutralizing activity of polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus
Authors: Philip Meuleman, Jens Bukh, Lieven Verhoye, Ali Farhoudi, Thomas Vanwolleghem, Richard Y. Wang, Isabelle Desombere, Harvey Alter, Robert H. Purcell, Geert Leroux-Roels
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a huge challenge of global medical importance. Using a variety of in vitro approaches, neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been identified in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis C. The exact role these nAbs play in the resolution of acute HCV infection still remains elusive. We have previously shown that purified polyclonal antibodies isolated from plasma obtained in 2003 from a chronic HCV patient (Patient H) can protect human liver chimeric mice from a subsequent challenge with the autologous HCV strain isolated from Patient H in 1977 (H77). In this study we investigated whether polyclonal antibodies isolated from Patient H in 2006 (H06), which display high cross-genotype neutralizing activity in both the HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) and HCV cell culture (HCVcc) systems, were also able to prevent HCV infection of different genotypes (gt) in vivo. Following passive immunization with H06-antibodies, chimeric mice were challenged with the consensus strains H77C (gt1a), ED43 (gt4a), or HK6a (gt6a). In accordance with previous results, H06-antibodies prevented infection of chimeric mice with the autologous virus. However, the outcome of a homologous challenge is highly influenced by the amount of challenge virus injected. Depending on the viral genotype used, H06-antibodies were able to protect up to 50% of chimeric mice from a heterologous challenge. Animals in which the antibody pretreatment failed displayed a clear delay in the kinetics of viral infection. Sequence analysis of the recovered viruses did not suggest antibody-induced viral escape. Conclusion: Polyclonal anti-HCV antibodies isolated from a chronic HCV patient can protect against an in vivo challenge with different HCV genotypes. However, the in vivo protective efficacy of cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies was less than predicted by cell culture experiments. (Hepatology 2011)
20 DEFICIENCIES OF CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 BETA IN VIVO CAUSES REDUCED SYSTEMIC LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS CONCOMITANT WITH INCREASED HEPATIC APOPTOSIS AND INFLAMMATION
Authors: W. Xu, S. Tuma, N. Katava, A. Pathil-Warth, W. Stremmel, W. Chamulitrat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Intensive expansion of natural killer T cells in the early phase of hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice and its association with sympathetic nerve activation
Authors: Masahiro Minagawa, Hiroshi Oya, Satoshi Yamamoto, Takao Shimizu, Makoto Bannai, Hiroki Kawamura, Katsuyoshi Hatakeyama, Toru Abo
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

When C57BL/6 mice were partially hepatectomized (PHx), severe lymphocytosis was induced in the liver in the early phase of hepatocyte regeneration (4 to 12 hours after PHx). A major lymphocyte subset expanding in this organ was estimated to be natural killer 1.1 + (NK1.1 + ) intermediate CD3 (CD3 int ) cells ( i.e. , NKT cells). CD3 int cells are extrathymic T cells generated in situ in the liver. These changes were suppressed when mice with PHx were pretreated with a β-adrenergicD antagonist ( i.e. , β-blocker), propranolol (PPL). This might have been caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation during hepatocyte regeneration. An α-blocker showed a similar effect, although the magnitude of suppression was lower than that of the β-blocker. We previously showed that NK and NKT cells express surface β-adrenergic receptors and are activated in number by sympathetic nerve stimulation. In the present study, NK cytotoxicity mediated by liver lymphocytes obtained from mice with PHx decreased, whereas NKT cytotoxicity against syngeneic thymocytes increased. Purified CD3 int cells were also found to be able to mediate NKT cytotoxicity against regenerating hepatocytes. These results suggest that sympathetic nerve stimulation after PHx results in subsequent activation of NKT cells and that these NKT cells might be associated with immunologic surveillance during hepatocyte regeneration.
Predictors of Improvements in Daytime Function Outcomes with CPAP Therapy
Authors: RUTH N. KINGSHOTT, MARJORIE VENNELLE, CAROL J. HOY, HEATHER M. ENGLEMAN, IAN J. DEARY, NEIL J. DOUGLAS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy improves daytime function in the sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) but it is unclear which patients benefit and what factors predict this improvement. To test the hypothesis that brief arousals from sleep predict improvements in daytime functioning with CPAP therapy, we prospectively studied 62 patients with polysomnography-defined SAHS. Each underwent daytime function assessments at baseline and after 6 mo of CPAP therapy to measure objective sleepiness, psychological well-being, quality of life, and cognitive performance. The microarousal frequency and AHI were poor predictors of improvements in daytime function with CPAP. Measures of hypoxemia predicted improvements in the mean sleep latency on the maintenance of wakefulness test, SAHS symptoms, quality of life, and reaction time, but such correlations were weak or moderate only explaining between 7% and 22% of variance. Significant relationships were found between CPAP use and improvements in self-ratings of daytime function. Results suggest that standard polysomnographic baseline variables are poor predictors of the response to CPAP therapy.
Reptilian cortex and mammalian neocortex early developmental homologies
Authors: Miguel Marín-Padilla
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

I agree with the view expressed in the target article that the early structural organization of the mammalian neocortex (the primordial neocortical organization) is different from its final one and resembles the more primitive organization of reptilian cortex. During the early development of the neocortex, a distinctly mammalian multilayered pyramidal-cell plate is introduced within a more primitive reptilian-like cortex, establishing simultaneously layer I (marginal zone) above it and layer VII (subplate zone) below it. This multilayered pyramidal-cell plate represents a recent mammalian innovation in the evolution of the cerebral cortex of vertebrates. Hence, the term neocortex is preferable to isocortex.
Laboratory Containment of Wild Poliovirus
Authors: Heath Kelly
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lentiviral-mediated GATA-3 RNAi Decreases Allergic Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Chen-Chen Lee, Hsin-Ying Huang, Bor-Luen Chiang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

GATA-3 is the key transcriptional factor for Th2 commitment in T cells and is strongly associated with asthma and allergic disease. We studied the silencing of the GATA-3 gene expression using RNA interference (RNAi) delivered by a lentiviral vector, to evaluate the therapeutic role of GATA-3 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in a murine model of asthma. Mice were sensitized with OVA and instilled intratracheally (IT) with GATA-3 shRNAs lentiviral vector (Lenti-si-GATA-3) once, 48 hours before challenge. After three challenges with the OVA antigen, the mice were assessed for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. With infection of Lenti-si-GATA-3 in EL-4 cells, GATA-3 gene expression was abrogated and downstream Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, were also significantly inhibited. IT delivery of Lenti-si-GATA-3 in OVA-immunized mice resulted in a strong inhibition of local GATA-3 gene expression. Treatment with Lenti-si-GATA-3 successfully alleviated OVA-induced airway eosinophilia and Th2 cytokine release. While evaluating AHR by means of enhanced pause (Penh) and pulmonary resistance (R(L)) using body plethysmography, it was found that the administration of Lenti-si-GATA-3 had significantly decreased AHR in OVA-immunized mice. These results suggest that inhibition of GATA-3 gene expression by shRNAs lentiviral vectors strongly attenuates antigen-induced airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in mice.
Nydia, the Blind Flower Girl of Pompeii
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening the human exome: a comparison of whole genome and whole transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Elizabeth T Cirulli, Abanish Singh, Kevin V Shianna, Dongliang Ge, Jason P Smith, Jessica M Maia, Erin L Heinzen, James J Goedert, David B Goldstein
Journal: Genome biology (2010)

There is considerable interest in the development of methods to efficiently identify all coding variants present in large sample sets of humans. There are three approaches possible: whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing using exon capture methods, and RNA-Seq. While whole-genome sequencing is the most complete, it remains sufficiently expensive that cost effective alternatives are important.Here we provide a systematic exploration of how well RNA-Seq can identify human coding variants by comparing variants identified through high coverage whole-genome sequencing to those identified by high coverage RNA-Seq in the same individual. This comparison allowed us to directly evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of RNA-Seq in identifying coding variants, and to evaluate how key parameters such as the degree of coverage and the expression levels of genes interact to influence performance. We find that although only 40% of exonic variants identified by whole genome sequencing were captured using RNA-Seq; this number rose to 81% when concentrating on genes known to be well-expressed in the source tissue. We also find that a high false positive rate can be problematic when working with RNA-Seq data, especially at higher levels of coverage.We conclude that as long as a tissue relevant to the trait under study is available and suitable quality control screens are implemented, RNA-Seq is a fast and inexpensive alternative approach for finding coding variants in genes with sufficiently high expression levels.
Portal pressure is not predictive of death in patients with Child-Pugh a HCV-cirrhosis
Authors: P. Nahon, K. Nahon, F. Degos, N. Garnne-Carrié, C. Chaffaut, C. Christidis, C. Najepoum, J.C. Trinchet, M. Beaugrand, S. Chevret
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
MATRIX THERAPY IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE EVIDENCE IN TENDINITIS
Authors: D Barritault, J M Denoix, A G Dupays, C Maertens, V Coudry, D Carciner, S Jaquet, F Auigié, K Kichenin, S Filipe, N Denoix-Crevier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Heparan sulfates (HS) are key elements of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which store and protect various cell communication peptides (CCP). HS play a central role in tissue homeostasis, by modulating the bioavailability of CCP. As such, they control the cell migration and differentiation required for wound healing processes. Tissue injury will lead to destruction of cells and surrounding ECM is destroyed. CCPs synthesised by inflammatory and circulating cells can then promote tissue repair, but with a loss of tissue quality, leaving traces, scars or fibroses. We have engineered biodegradable nano-polymers mimicking the HS. They bind to the structure proteins of the damaged ECM, and to the CCP produced by healthy neighbouring cells, thereby restoring the ECM microenvironment and tissue homeostasis. This matrix therapy approach has considerably improved the quality of wound healing in various animal models. Our HS mimetics have therefore been named RGTA, for ReGeneraTing Agents. The RGTA technology has been validated in over 80 published preclinical studies and is now available as a wound healing agent both for corneal (CACICOL20) and skin ulcers (CACIPLIQ20)-see www.OTR3.com. Few thousand patients in therapeutic failure with non-healing ulcers have been successfully treated in Europe and the Middle East, suggesting great safety and efficacy with respect to both speed and quality. More controlled randomised clinical trials are ongoing. Concerning tendonitis, a dedicated injectable RGTA, namely EQUITEND, was developed and a first study measured the healing capacity on the injured tendon after unique and echo guided intra-lesion injection in 137 horses over 2 years. A controlled randomised study was performed on 32 trotters with SDFT injury and another randomised study on mechanically injured SDFT tendons in 12 laboratory horses was also documented. Altogether, these studies indicate that RGTA accelerates both speed and quality of tendon healing. RGTA treated injured racing horses had improvements on earlier echography images, returned to races 2.4 months earlier than control, their breakage recurrence was twice as low, and their gains were as high as before injury versus half in control horses. This underlines the potential of RGTA as a new therapeutic class in the field of regenerative medicine, simple safe and exploiting our natural potential without need for exogenous cells supply.
Pause induced early afterdepolarizations in the long QT syndrome: a simulation study
Authors: P Viswanathan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by prolonged repolarization and propensity to syncope and sudden death due to polymorphic ventricular tachycardias such as torsade de pointes (TdP). The exact mechanism of TdP is unclear, but pause-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) have been implicated in its initiation. In this study we investigate the mechanism of pause-induced EADs following pacing at clinically relevant rates and characterize the sensitivity of different cell types (epicardial, midmyocardial, and endocardial) to EAD development. Methods: Simulations were conducted using the Luo–Rudy (LRd) model of the mammalian ventricular action potential (AP). Three cell types – epicardial, midmyocardial (M), and endocardial – are represented by altering the channel density of the slow delayed rectifier current, IKs. LQTS is modelled by enhanced late sodium current (LQT3), or reduced density of functional channels that conduct IKr (LQT2) and IKs (LQT1). The cell is paced 40 times at a constant Basic Cycle Length (BCL) of 500 ms. Following a 1500 ms pause, an additional single stimulus is applied. Results: Our results demonstrate that pause-induced EADs develop preferentially in M cells under conditions of prolonged repolarization. These EADs develop at plateau potentials ('plateau EADs'). Mechanistic investigation shows that prolongation of the plateau phase of the post-pause AP due to a smaller delayed rectifier potassium current, IKs, and enhancement of the sodium-calcium exchange current, INaCa, allows for the reactivation of the L-type calcium current, ICa(L), which depolarizes the membrane to generate the EAD. Conclusions: APD is a very important determinant of arrhythmogenesis and its prolongation, either due to acquired or congenital LQTS, can result in the appearance of EADs. The formation of pause-induced EADs preferentially in M cells suggests a possible role for these cells in the generation of arrhythmias that are associated with abnormalities of repolarization (e.g., TdP). The ionic mechanism of pause-induced EADs involves reactivation of the L-type calcium current during the prolonged plateau of the post-pause AP.
Giant Coronary Fistula
Authors: Nicole Sekarski, Maurice Payot, Jean-Jacques Goy
Journal: Circulation (1998)

year-old boy had had a systolic and diastolic murmur of 3/6 maximal at the left midsternal border in the neonatal period.He was diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus.At time of surgery, no ductus was found.Because the murmur was still present after the operation, the patient was sent to our institution for further investigation.He was asymptomatic, and his blood pressure was 135/90.The chest radiograph was normal.Mild right ventricular hypertrophy was noted on the ECG.The echocardiogram showed no ductus, but the ostium of the left coronary artery was dilated (6 mm in diameter) (A), and this artery ended in the apex of the right ventricle.A continuous flow between this artery and the right ventricle was documented.Aortic angiography confirmed the suspected coronary artery-toright ventricle fistula (B).The fistula was ligated distally.The postoperative course was uncomplicated, and the child was discharged on day 7. Cardiac auscultation was normal, and a postoperative echocardiogram did not show any abnormal flow.
Estimating Selection Pressures from Limited Comparative Data
Authors: Joshua B. Plotkin, Jonathan Dushoff, Michael M. Desai, Hunter B. Fraser
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

We recently introduced a novel method for estimating selection pressures on proteins, termed “volatility,” which requires only a single genome sequence. Some criticisms that have been levied against this approach are valid, but many others are based on misconceptions of volatility, or they apply equally to comparative methods of estimating selection. Here, we introduce a simple regression technique for estimating selection pressures on all proteins in a genome, on the basis of limited comparative data. The regression technique does not depend on an underlying population-genetic mechanism. This new approach to estimating selection across a genome should be more powerful and more widely applicable than volatility itself.
The Sickle Cell Gene in Evolution: A Solitary Wanderer or a Nomad in a Caravan of Interacting Genes
Authors: Eugene Roth
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the course of human evolution, it seems that the individual who possessed one sickle gene and one normal β-globin gene was favored with enhanced resistance to malaria. In modern Western society, the bearer of a sickle gene no longer can claim enhanced fitness, but it is a firm medical teaching that the individual with sickle cell trait is asymptomatic, with only minor exceptions, and has a normal life span.<sup>1</sup>Thus, sickle cell trait is not to be regarded as a disease. This doctrine applies to some 8% to 10% of the black population of the United States and smaller percentages of Puerto Ricans, Italians, Greeks, Arabs, and others whose ancestry can be traced to parts of the world where hemoglobinopathies are found. Every so often, this doctrine is challenged by reports of morbidity in sickle cell trait individuals. All challenges to what we know to be "true" are
Iron and folate supplements during pregnancy: supplementing everyone treats those at risk and is cost effective.
Authors: E. Horn
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Iron and folate supplements during pregnancy: supplementing everyone treats those at risk and is cost effective Elizabeth Horn Prescribing prophylactic supplements of iron and folic acid to pregnant women has been widespread practice in the United Kingdom since the late 1950s.In recent years, however, this policy has been criticised'2 and is no longer considered to be necessary by some obste- tricians and general practitioners.
The Effects of Vasodilation with Prostacyclin on Oxygen Delivery and Uptake in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: David Bihari, Mark Smithies, Alexander Gimson, Jack Tinker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We hypothesized that inadequate oxygenation of peripheral tissues may be unrecognized in critically ill patients and may worsen their prognosis. To test this hypothesis, we measured oxygen delivery to tissues, oxygen uptake, and the extraction ratio (uptake/delivery) before and during a 30-minute infusion of a vasodilator, prostacyclin (5 ng per kilogram of body weight per minute), in 27 critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure. Prostacyclin produced an increase in oxygen delivery (median value before vs. during infusion, 375 vs. 492 ml of oxygen per minute per square meter of body-surface area, P less than 0.001) that was similar in the 14 patients who survived and the 13 who died. This increase in oxygen delivery was associated with a significantly greater increase in oxygen uptake in the patients who died as compared with the survivors (median increase, 19 vs. 5 percent, P less than 0.001). In the survivors, the oxygen extraction ratio fell (median change, -17 percent; range, -27 to -6 percent) and the mixed venous oxygen tension increased. In the patients who died, the extraction ratio rose (median change, 11 percent; range -24 to +40 percent) and the mixed venous oxygen tension did not change. These data suggest the presence of a substantial oxygen debt in patients who subsequently die. Inadequate tissue oxygenation, which may be difficult to recognize, appears to be an important mechanism contributing to the development of irreversible multiple organ failure and subsequent death in some patients with acute respiratory failure.
Cat-Scratch Disease and Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Nadia Ismaili-Alaoui, Valerie Vuong, M. Marcu-Marin, Aline Sergent-Alaoui, Bertrand Chevallier, Claire de Labriolle-Vaylet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Cat-scratch disease is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae. Bone involvement is rare. We describe the case of a 7-year-old boy with a systemic form of the disease. He presented with a 15-day history of fever, altered general condition, weight loss and cough, associated with back pain, and right-sided coxalgia. Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate showed spinal involvement, the iliac crest, the right ankle, and the right first metatarsal. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed these locations. He was positive for anti-Bartonella henselae. The fever regressed before treatment with rifampicin began, and he made a full recovery.