tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Danish university investigates disappearance of a "considerable" amount of grant money
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Danish police are investigating possible fraud involving grants from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to fund research in Denmark, the Eastern Jutland Police Department in Denmark has said.

Borge Fransen, a deputy police inspector, told the BMJ that the alleged fraud occurred at Aarhus University in Denmark and involved CDC funds. He said police are conducting an extensive investigation, including interviewing researchers and staff at Aarhus and another university and Danish research funding officials in Copenhagen.

Mr Fransen said that the police had “at least” one suspect in the case, adding, “We are not yet sure if there are more.” He declined to name the current suspect.

Aarhus University had previously issued a statement saying that Poul Thorsen, a former faculty member of Aarhus University, who was also affiliated to two US universities, had been director of a research programme that included vaccine research and that has been funded since …
Avalanches, Air Pockets, and Advertisements
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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Bicuspid Aortic Valve Aneurysm
Authors: Osman Ratib, Joseph K. Perloff, John S. Child
Journal: Circulation (2004)

C ongenitally abnormal aortic valves are defined morpholog- ically according to the number and type of cusps and commissures.The bicuspid aortic valve, first recognized by Leonardo da Vinci in the early 16th century, is the most common congenital anomaly to which that structure is subject.The estimated incidence is 0.9% to 2% of the general population, or a prevalence in the United States of Ϸ4 million.Two varieties of bicuspid aortic valves are based on commissural fusion, namely, fusion between the left and right cusps or fusion between the right and noncoronary cusps.Three varieties of bicuspid aortic valves are based on cuspal size, namely, 2 cusps of equal size, 2 cusps of unequal size, or a conjoined cusp that is twice the size
Enhancement of the depigmenting effect of hydroquinone by cystamine and buthionine sulfoximine
Authors: J.L. BOLOGNIA, S.A. SODI, M.P. OSBER, J.M. PAWELEK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Glutathione (GSH) performs several important biological functions, including quenching of reactive oxygen species, and protection of cells from toxic compounds such as quinones. The first step in the synthesis of GSH is catalysed by γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase, an enzyme which is inhibited by cystamine and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). In this study, we examined the possibility that the effect of hydroquinone (HQ) on pigmentation could be potentiated by inhibiting the production of GSH. In vitro studies using melanoma cell lines demonstrated that both cystamine and BSO could potentiate the inhibitory effects of HQ on tyrosinase activity and melanin content. A synergistic decrease in hair pigmentation was observed when a combination of HQ (2 or 4%) and BSO (5%) was applied to the dorsal skin of C57BL mice. In black hairless guinea‐pigs, the application of HQ plus either BSO or cystamine resulted in a significant decrease in epidermal pigmentation when compared with any of the agents alone. The possibility exists that in the future a combination of HQ plus cystamine or BSO could be used to treat disorders such as melasma and post‐Inflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Use of Dermagraft, a Cultured Human Dermis, to Treat Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Gary D Gentzkow, Scott D Iwasaki, Kenneth S Hershon, Marvin Mengel, J Joseph Prendergast, John J Ricotta, David P Steed, Scott Lipkin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To assess the effect of a tissue-engineered human dermis (Dermagraft) in healing diabetic foot ulcers.This controlled prospective multicenter randomized single-blinded pilot study evaluated healing over a 12-week period in 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. These patients were randomized into four groups (three different dosage regimens of Dermagraft and one control group). All patients received identical care except for the use of Dermagraft tissue. Ulcer healing was assessed by percentage of wounds achieving complete or 50% closure, time to complete or 50% closure, and volume and area measurements.Ulcers treated with the highest dosage of Dermagraft, one piece applied weekly for 8 weeks (group A), healed significantly more often than those treated with conventional wound closure methods; 50% (6 of 12) of the Dermagraft-treated and 8% (1 of 13) of the control ulcers healed completely (P = 0.03). The percentage of wounds achieving 50% closure was also significantly higher (75 vs. 23%; P = 0.018), and the time to complete or 50% closure was faster (P = 0.056). The group A regimen was more effective than other treatment regimens. All three were better than the control, however, and a dose-response was observed. There were no safety concerns. After a mean of 14 months of follow-up (range 11-22 months), there were no recurrences in the Dermagraft-healed ulcers.Dermagraft was associated with more complete and rapid healing in diabetic foot ulcers. The recurrence data may indicate an improved quality of wound healing.
Does the duration of breast feeding matter?
Authors: I. Booth
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Any suggestion that breast feeding could confer long term disadvantage seems immediately counterintuitive. It is also controversial. A paper in this week's BMJ contains evidence to suggest, however, that extended breast feeding may lead to later adverse cardiovascular outcomes (p 643).1

In developing countries exclusive breast feeding is associated with reduced mortality and improved growth. In developed countries it also confers advantages: in addition to reducing childhood infections, breast feeding may also protect against later diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, and lymphoma.2 More recently, breast milk consumption by preterm infants has been shown to be associated with lower blood pressure in early teens.3 The superiority of breast feeding is therefore unchallenged, but its optimal duration has not been adequately investigated, and breast feeding is currently recommended for “as long as is mutually desired.”2 Several challenging strands of evidence now point to the need to reappraise that view.

Over a decade ago epidemiological studies showed an association between disproportionate fetal growth resulting from fetal undernutrition and an increased incidence of an unfavourable constellation of adult cardiovascular disease, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and hyperlipidaemia.4 They also showed an increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease in men who had been breast fed and not weaned at one year (standardised mortality ratio 97) compared with those who were weaned at one year (SMR 79) and those who had been breast and bottle …
Family Planning Advertisement
Authors: M. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Aim</h3> To identify retinal findings using dilated eye examination, which are possibly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised patients with confirmed severe COVID-19. <h3>Methods</h3> In this cross-sectional study, hospitalised patients with confirmed severe COVID-19 in a single referral centre for the treatment of COVID-19, in Santo André, São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil, underwent dilated eye examination of both eyes performed by a retina specialist. Findings were recorded using a portable digital fundus camera. Retinographies were analysed by two retina specialists. Medical records were reviewed for assessment of patient demographics, baseline comorbidities and clinical data. <h3>Results</h3> There were a total of 18 patients, nine (50%) male, median IQR age of 62.5 (12) years. Ten of the 18 patients (55.6%; 95% CI 33.7 to 75.4) had abnormalities on dilated eye examination. The main findings were flame-shaped haemorrhages (N=4; 22.2%; 95% CI 9.0 to 45.2) and ischaemic pattern lesions (cotton wool spots and retinal sectorial pallor) (N=4; 22.2%; 95% CI 9.0 to 45.2), with one patient having both cotton wool spots and flame-shaped haemorrhages. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 have acute vascular lesions of the inner retina including flame-shaped haemorrhages and cotton wool spots. Further studies controlling for confounding factors are necessary to properly assess these findings so as to increase the understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and to identify new therapies.
H<sub>1</sub>‐antihistamines for the treatment of anaphylaxis: Cochrane systematic review
Authors: A. Sheikh, V. Ten Broek, S. G. A. Brown, F. E. R. Simons
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic allergic reaction, which can be life‐threatening. H 1 ‐antihistamines are commonly used as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of anaphylaxis. We sought to assess the benefits and harm of H 1 ‐antihistamines in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library ); MEDLINE (1966 to June 2006); EMBASE (1966 to June 2006); CINAHL (1982 to June 2006) and ISI Web of Science (1945 to July 2006). We also contacted pharmaceutical companies and international experts in anaphylaxis in an attempt to locate unpublished material. Randomized and quasi‐randomized‐controlled trials comparing H 1 ‐antihistamines with placebo or no intervention were eligible for inclusion. Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion. Results: We found no studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Based on this review, we are unable to make any recommendations for clinical practice. Randomized‐controlled trials are needed, although these are likely to prove challenging to design and execute.
Indirect Basophil Degranulation Test in Penicillin Allergy
Authors: Harry I. Katz, Kenneth A. Gill, Donald L. Baxter, Samuel L. Moschella
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The indirect basophil degranulation test is an efficient and simple means for detecting penicillin hypersensitivity and is easily adaptable to laboratory use. The major problems are variability among the individual serum controls and difficulty in interpreting the penicillin-serum test results in patients with borderline serum controls. These problems are obviated by using the simultaneous serum control and penicillinserum test technique to determine the T-SC value, which is obtained by subtracting the number of altered basophils seen in the serum control from the number seen in the penicillin-serum test after counting 20 basophils. With the T-SC value, only 5% of the control group had a value of six or more, whereas 50% of the penicillinreactor group had this value. This technique is also a simple means for observing changes in the basophil, which are for the most part subtle alterations in cytology rather than explosive degranulation.
Couple at centre of IVF controversy begin treatment
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The first couple in Britain to be allowed to try to conceive a baby to save the life of an existing child were due to start in vitro fertilisation treatment as the BMJ went to press this week.

The Court of Appeal last week gave reasons for its decision last month (12 April, p 782) that overturned a High Court ruling that the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority acted outside its powers when it gave the go-ahead for Shahana and Raj Hashmi to use pre-implantation genetic diagnosis with tissue typing to try to produce a baby who would …
Intravenous Hemostat: Nanotechnology to Halt Bleeding
Authors: James P. Bertram, Cicely A. Williams, Rebecca Robinson, Steven S. Segal, Nolan T. Flynn, Erin B. Lavik
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2009)

Synthetic platelets composed of functionalized nanoparticles halve bleeding time in a rat injury model and may prove useful in treating human trauma victims.
Prospective Study of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence in Relation to Fasting Total Homocysteine, Related Genetic Polymorphisms, and B Vitamins
Authors: Aaron R. Folsom, F. Javier Nieto, Paul G. McGovern, Michael Y. Tsai, M. René Malinow, John H. Eckfeldt, David L. Hess, C. E. Davis
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), low B-vitamin intake, and genetic polymorphisms related to tHcy metabolism may play roles in coronary heart disease (CHD). More prospective studies are needed. Methods and Results —We used a prospective case-cohort design to determine whether tHcy-related factors are associated with incidence of CHD over an average of 3.3 years of follow-up in a biracial sample of middle-aged men and women. Age-, race-, and field center–adjusted CHD incidence was associated positively ( P &lt;0.05) with tHcy in women but not men, and CHD was associated negatively ( P &lt;0.05) with plasma folate (women only), plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (both sexes), and vitamin supplementation (women only). However, after accounting for other risk factors, only plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate was associated with CHD incidence; the relative risk for the highest versus lowest quintile of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate was 0.28 (95% CI=0.1 to 0.7). There was no association of CHD with the C 677 T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene or with 3 mutations of the cystathionine β-synthase gene. Conclusions —Our prospective findings add uncertainty to conclusions derived mostly from cross-sectional studies that tHcy is a major, independent, causative risk factor for CHD. Our findings point more strongly to the possibility that vitamin B 6 offers independent protection. Randomized trials, some of which are under way, are needed to better clarify the interrelationships of tHcy, B vitamins, and cardiovascular disease.
Effect of prostaglandin E1 on fractional distribution of cardiac output and organ blood flow in man: a simultaneous and non-invasive determination using double dose thallium-201 scintigraphy
Authors: H. ADACHI, H. SUGIHARA, H. NAKAGAWA, M. OCHIAI, M. NAKAGAWA, H. IJICHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

Taking advantage of the fact that the distribution of Thallium-201 in an organ almost parallels the blood flow to the organ, we devised a non-invasive method of simultaneously determining blood flow and its distribution in human organs. With this method, we investigated the effect of exogenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the central and peripheral circulation. Scintigraphy was performed after two injections of 20lT1 chloride, one at rest and one after the administration of PGE1 or saline. In eight subjects given PGE1 (0.2 μg·kg−1·min−1, iv), blood pressure fell, whereas both heart rate and cardiac output rose. The fractional distribution was increased in the heart (+13.3±2.98%, mean±SD), but decreased in the liver (−10.2±1.95%) and gastro-intestinal tract (−7.09±2.65%). No significant change was observed in the kidneys or leg. The blood flow in all these organs was increased. In the six control subjects given saline, there was no change in these central and peripheral haemodynamics. Thus, the intravenous infusion of PGE1 in man causes uneven blood flow distribution in heart, liver, kidney, gastro-intestinal organs and leg muscles, despite increased blood flow to all these organs. The method used in this study is relatively non-invasive and useful in evaluating organ blood flow in man, and seems to be widely applicable to physiological and pharmacologic research.
Increase of circulating neutrophil and platelet microparticles during acute vasculitis and hemodialysis
Authors: L. Daniel, F. Fakhouri, D. Joly, L. Mouthon, P. Nusbaum, J.-P. Grunfeld, J. Schifferli, L. Guillevin, P. Lesavre, L. Halbwachs-Mecarelli
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Systemic steroids in the treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: C.B. Bunker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Although the authors of the guidelines for the management of alopecia areata1 should otherwise be congratulated for their efforts (authors of any guidelines have a challenging task), I feel I must criticize the conclusions reached about systemic corticosteroids. A short course of prednisolone 30–40 mg daily for 3–4 weeks, or injection of intramuscular triamcinolone 40 mg, possibly repeated, can be gratifyingly effective in an acute and fulminating case of alopecia areata when the (presumed) inflammatory phase of the disease is occurring. These are by common experience useful interventions; that is what I was taught by my chiefs (and teach my juniors) and that is what is in the standard textbooks2–4 (with suitable caveats). Shelley and Shelley,4 by the way, are also keen on searching for and eliminating focal infection.4 Regarding side‐effects, of course prolonged high‐dose systemic steroids have side‐effects but the art of using steroids (and, indeed, most drugs) is to maximize the efficacy and minimize the toxicity. A few weeks of prednisolone or a shot of triamcinolone can do very little harm if there are no contraindications and the patient is properly supervised, and the rewards in the debilitating and depressing situation of alopecia areata are considerable. I have used systemic steroids in alopecia areata several dozen times in the course of my career, to good effect in the majority of cases and with nothing other than minimal and reversible side‐effects.
Small stent size and intimal hyperplasia contribute to restenosis: A volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis
Authors: Gaston R. Dussaillant, Gary S. Mintz, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Jeffrey J. Popma, S. Chiu Wong, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Ulcerative colitis–risk loci on chromosomes 1p36 and 12q15 found by genome-wide association study
Authors: Mark S Silverberg, Judy H Cho, John D Rioux, Dermot P B McGovern, Jing Wu, Vito Annese, Jean-Paul Achkar, Philippe Goyette, Regan Scott, Wei Xu, M Michael Barmada, Lambertus Klei, Mark J Daly, Clara Abraham, Theodore M Bayless, Fabrizio Bossa, Anne M Griffiths, Andrew F Ippoliti, Raymond G Lahaie, Anna Latiano, Pierre Paré, Deborah D Proctor, Miguel D Regueiro, A Hillary Steinhart, Stephan R Targan, L Philip Schumm, Emily O Kistner, Annette T Lee, Peter K Gregersen, Jerome I Rotter, Steven R Brant, Kent D Taylor, Kathryn Roeder, Richard H Duerr
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Selective Antibody Deficiency and Recurrent Pneumococcal Bacteremia in a Patient with Sjögren's Syndrome, Hyperimmunoglobulinemia G, and Deficiencies of IgG2 and IgG4
Authors: Lukas Matter, John A. Wilhelm, Walter Angehrn, Frantisek Skvaril, Kurt Schopfer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Medical Intelligence from The New England Journal of Medicine — Selective Antibody Deficiency and Recurrent Pneumococcal Bacteremia in a Patient with Sjögren's Syndrome, Hyperimmunoglobulinemia G, and Deficiencies of IgG2 and IgG4
Effect of long term thromboxane A2 receptor blockade on angiographic restenosis and clinical events after coronary angioplasty. The carport study
Authors: P.W. Serruys, W. Rutsch, G. Heyndrickx, N. Danchin, G. Mast, W. Wijns, B.J. Rensing
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Human alpha-lactalbumin as a marker of macromolecular absorption.
Authors: I Jakobsson, T Lindberg, L Lothe, I Axelsson, B Benediktsson
Journal: Gut (1986)

alpha-Lactalbumin was purified from human milk and a competitive radioimmunoassay for measuring serum concentrations of human alpha-lactalbumin was developed. Human alpha-lactalbumin was not detected (less than 5 micrograms/l) in serum from adult men (n = 4), non-pregnant women (n = 6) or in serum from seven of eight formula fed infants. alpha-Lactalbumin was found in serum from pregnant women (19-130 micrograms/l, n = 4), cord blood (22-72 micrograms/l, median value 35 micrograms/l, n = 9), and from newborn non-fed infants (less than 1 day old) (less than 5-50 micrograms/l, median value 15 micrograms/l, n = 11). In breast fed infants the serum concentration of alpha-lactalbumin was highest in preterm infants (140-952 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 4) and decreased in term infants successively with maturity (age 5-30 days: median value 85 micrograms/l serum/l human milk/kg body weight, n = 7; age 31-60 days: median value 43, n = 6; age 61-135 days: median value 12, n = 6). A human milk feeding to three infants one month of age gave serum peak values of alpha-lactalbumin after 30 to 60 minutes. We suggest that human alpha-lactalbumin is a suitable marker for investigating macromolecular absorption in physiological and pathological conditions.
Is Triiodothyronine Administration Beneficial in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery?
Authors: Kenneth D. Burman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

There have been significant advances in our understanding of thyroid pathophysiology as well as in our ability to measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free triiodotriiodo- (T<sub>3</sub>), and thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>).<sup>1</sup>The thyroid gland normally produces approximately 90 μg of T<sub>4</sub>and 40 μg of T<sub>3</sub>daily; all of circulating T<sub>4</sub>is derived from direct thyroidal secretion, whereas about 85% of T<sub>3</sub>comes from extra thyroidal conversion of T<sub>4</sub>to T<sub>3</sub>, with only about 15% of T<sub>3</sub>being produced by direct thyroidal secretion. Over 99% of circulating T<sub>4</sub>and T<sub>3</sub>are bound to serum-binding proteins, and it is only the small unbound fraction that is biologically active. Thyroxine is mainly a prohormone, and T<sub>3</sub>is responsible for most if not all of the biological activity attributable to thyroid hormone. In many clinical situations, including systemic illness, surgery, and