tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High versus "low" dose corticosteroids in recipients of cadaveric kidneys: prospective controlled trial.
Authors: J Papadakis, C B Brown, J S Cameron, D Adu, M Bewick, R Donaghey, C S Ogg, C Rudge, D G Williams, D Taube
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Corticosteroids have the major role in the immunosuppressive treatment of patients who have received renal transplants. Despite their extensive use there is still debate about the appropriate dose that will prevent rejection of the renal allograft with the least morbidity. From March 1979 to November 1981 a randomised controlled trial of high (33 patients) v low oral dose (34 patients) of prednisolone along with azathioprine was conducted in recipients of first cadaveric transplants who had received a blood transfusion within six months of transplantation. The main difference in outcome between the two groups was a high incidence of some infections in the high dose group. Patient mortality, graft survival, transplant function, and number of rejection episodes were indistinguishable in the two groups, but rejection episodes tended to occur later in the high dose group. These findings suggest that the use of lower doses of corticosteroids soon after cadaveric renal transplantation does not jeopardise graft survival and results in lower patient morbidity.
Anti-CS1 humanized monoclonal antibody HuLuc63 inhibits myeloma cell adhesion and induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the bone marrow milieu
Authors: Yu-Tzu Tai, Myles Dillon, Weihua Song, Merav Leiba, Xian-Feng Li, Peter Burger, Alfred I. Lee, Klaus Podar, Teru Hideshima, Audie G. Rice, Anne van Abbema, Lynne Jesaitis, Ingrid Caras, Debbie Law, Edie Weller, Wanling Xie, Paul Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Claire Mathiot, Hervé Avet-Loiseau, Daniel E. H. Afar, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2007)
The effects of indomethacin on refractoriness following exercise both with and without a bronchoconstrictor response
Authors: BA Wilson, O Bar-Or, PM O'Byrne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Repeated exercise tests demonstrate refractoriness to the development of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). It is unclear whether it is the initial exercise per se or the resulting bronchoconstriction that causes the attenuated response to the second exercise challenge. This study was designed to determine whether the reported blocking of the refractory period by indomethacin requires a significant bronchoconstriction following the primary exercise challenge. Thirteen asthmatic teenagers (aged 12-16 yrs) were tested on four visits. Each visit included two 7 min treadmill exercise challenges at 80% maximum heart rate, separated by a 30 min rest. Conditions for the second exercise challenge (Ch2) were always thermoneutral (20-22 degrees C and 25-35% relative humidity (RH); whilst challenge one (Ch1) was completed twice in thermoneutral and twice in warm-humid breathing conditions (33-35 degrees C and 90-95% RH). A pretreatment for 3 days in a double-blind design with either placebo or indomethacin was completed. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured before and repeatedly following each challenge. The % fall in FEV1 following Ch1 of the placebo thermoneutral trial was taken as reference. "Percent protection" at each visit was expressed as the decrease in EIA following Ch2, compared to reference. Warm-humid breathing reduced the EIA post Ch1 by 75%, whilst providing similar protection to thermoneutral conditions. Indomethacin had no significant effect on EIA after Ch1, but reduced "percent protection" for both warm-humid (from 67 to 16%) and thermoneutral (from 70 to 26%) conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Case of Intussusception in a Patient Aged 72: Laparotomy: Recovery
Authors: C. C. Stead
Journal: BMJ (1901)

Nov4-16 i19or.7. Nar8ton reseqte, cii, (. 4in.) fqr, sarcomv of meentry.Death flive months afterwards ftioen perforapiod dud to Murph's button.8. Billroth: F1emald, 5 years $IXml' (4, in.)'sffiall i testine, on aic'ount of fixation by the extirpation of ' fibroina size of,child's head.De&th from collapse.9. Troje: I5 Cm. (46 in.), female, 25 years, for four ring-like tuberculous strictures.Result, 'fistula.lO.Etliot (Annals of Surgery, January, 1895) resected 124 om.(4 ft.i in.) in a man aged'25, for inforetion due to thrombosis of the superior mesen- teric veins.Patient, was in good health two years after.Il. RouX (SemaitiaeMedicate, 2892) resected 224 cm.(4 ft.i in.) of intestines for a lipoma.Recovdry.1. I2. 4brg-Boenfnghau8est and Koc4, 125 cm.(4 ft.x in.) flexure.Death from alreay existing peritonitis on the same day.
Hydrazine Sulfate Used in Cancer Patients
Authors: K. Smigel, M. E. Newman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Hydrazine Sulfate Used in Cancer Patients Get access Kara Smigel, Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael E. Newman Michael E. Newman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 4, 21 February 1990, Pages 254–255, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.4.254 Published: 21 February 1990
Obliterative portal venopathy: Portal hypertension is not always present at diagnosis
Authors: Dominique Cazals-Hatem, Sophie Hillaire, Marika Rudler, Aurélie Plessier, Valerie Paradis, Bertrand Condat, Claire Francoz, Marie-Hélène Denninger, François Durand, Pierre Bedossa, Dominique C. Valla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Structure and function of the somatosensory system: a neurotoxicological perspective.
Authors: J C Arezzo, H H Schaumburg, P S Spencer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The somatosensory system comprises those elements of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) subserving the modalities of touch, vibration, temperature, pain and kinesthesia. Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. Several features of the somatosensory system render regions of it vulnerable to a wide variety of toxicants. The present report highlights these features and , furthermore, suggests that analysis of these regions is invaluable in studying the three most common varieties of toxic neuropathy: toxic distal axonopathy, toxic myelinopathy and toxic sensory neuronopathy.
Vaccine-induced antibody responses as parameters of the influence of endogenous and environmental factors.
Authors: H Van Loveren, J G Van Amsterdam, R J Vandebriel, T G Kimman, H C Rümke, P S Steerenberg, J G Vos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In laboratory animals, an adequate way to assess effects of environmental exposures on the immune system is to study effects on antigen-specific immune responses, such as after sensitization to T-cell-dependent antigens. This probably also applies to testing effects in the human population. It has thus been suggested that antibody responses to vaccination might be useful in this context. Vaccination responses may be influenced by a variety of factors other than environmental ones. One factor is the vaccine itself; a second is the vaccination procedure used. In addition, the intrinsic capacity of the recipient to respond to a vaccine, which is determined by sex, genetic factors, and age, is important. Psychological stress, nutrition, and (infectious) diseases are also likely to have an impact. We reviewed the literature on vaccine response. With regard to exogenous factors, there is good evidence that smoking, diet, psychological stress, and certain infectious diseases affect vaccination titers, although it is difficult to determine to what extent. Genetic factors render certain individuals nonresponsive to vaccination. In general, in epidemiologic studies of adverse effects of exposure to agents in the environment in which vaccination titers are used, these additional factors need to be taken into consideration. Provided that these factors are corrected for, a study that shows an association of exposure to a given agent with diminished vaccination responses may indicate suboptimal function of the immune system and clinically relevant diminished immune response. It is quite unlikely that environmental exposures that affect responses to vaccination may in fact abrogate protection to the specific pathogen for which vaccination was performed. Only in those cases where individuals have a poor response to the vaccine may exogenous factors perhaps have a clinically significant influence on resistance to the specific pathogen. An exposure-associated inhibition of a vaccination response may, however, signify a decreased host resistance to pathogens against which no vaccination had been performed.
Ribozymes and Their Medical Implications
Authors: Thomas R. Cech
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Certain RNA molecules can mediate their own cleavage or splicing or act as enzymes to promote reactions on substrate RNA molecules. Thus, RNA is not restricted to being a passive carrier of genetic information but can have an active role in directing cellular biochemistry. These findings suggest the possibility that other cellular RNAs, including the RNA components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, of the ribosome, and of various ribonucleoprotein enzymes, are catalysts. RNA enzymes (ribozymes) can be used as sequence-specific RNA cleavage agents in vitro, providing useful tools for biochemical studies of RNA. On a more speculative note, ribozymes directed against viral RNAs have the potential of serving as therapeutic agents. Finally, some infectious agents, including hepatitis delta virus and perhaps poliovirus and rhinoviruses, are themselves ribozymes, providing potential targets for pharmaceuticals.
Controlled clinical evaluations of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate in man.
Authors: J R Lubbers, S Chauan, J R Bianchine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

To assess the relative safety of chronically administered chlorine water disinfectants in man, a controlled study was undertaken. The clinical evaluation was conducted in the three phases common to investigational drug studies. Phase I, a rising dose tolerance investigation, examined the acute effects of progressively increasing single doses of chlorine disinfectants to normal healthy adult male volunteers. Phase II considered the impact on normal subjects of daily ingestion of the disinfectants at a concentration of 5 mg/l. for twelve consecutive weeks. Persons with a low level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase may be expected to be especially susceptible to oxidative stress; therefore, in Phase III, chlorite at a concentration of 5 mg/l. was administered daily for twelve consecutive weeks to a small group of potentially at-risk glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. Physiological impact was assessed by evaluation of a battery of qualitative and quantitative tests. The three phases of this controlled double-blind clinical evaluation of chlorine dioxide and its potential metabolites in human male volunteer subjects were completed uneventfully. There were no obvious undesirable clinical sequellae noted by any of the participating subjects or by the observing medical team. In several cases, statistically significant trends in certain biochemical or physiological parameters were associated with treatment; however, none of these trends was judged to have physiological consequence. One cannot rule out the possibility that, over a longer treatment period, these trends might indeed achieve proportions of clinical importance. However, by the absence of detrimental physiological responses within the limits of the study, the relative safety of oral ingestion of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites, chlorite and chlorate, was demonstrated.
Factors Associated With Preterm Delivery in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jacques Lepercq, Joel Coste, Anne Theau, Daniele Dubois-Laforgue, Jose Timsit
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The reported rate of preterm delivery in women with type 1 diabetes ranges from 22 to 45%, but the reasons are unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with preterm delivery in these women.We studied the influence of maternal and diabetes-related factors on the occurrence of preterm delivery in 168 single pregnancies occurring in 127 women with type 1 diabetes. Women with spontaneous or indicated preterm delivery were compared with those who delivered after 37 weeks of gestation using polytomous logistic regression.The overall rate of preterm delivery was 24%, fivefold higher than the French prematurity rate in single pregnancy. Preterm delivery was spontaneous in 9% and indicated in 15%. HbA1c > or =7% at delivery was associated with spontaneous preterm delivery (odds ratio [OR] 5.3 [95% CI 1.1-26.8]). Nulliparity (12.0 [2.3-64.1]), progression of nephropathy (7.7 [1.3-46.9]), preeclampsia (12.0 [3.1-47.1]), and HbA1c > or =7% (7.5 [1.5-37.9]) at delivery were all associated with indicated preterm delivery. Preterm delivery was associated with significant neonatal morbidity as the risks for neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory distress syndrome were increased by three- to sixfold compared with the reference group.The rate of preterm delivery remains high in women with type 1 diabetes. Different factors were associated with spontaneous and indicated preterm delivery, respectively. Because poor glycemic control was a risk factor for both outcomes, part of preterm delivery might be preventable.
Elevation of Cellular BPDE Uptake by Human Cells: A Possible Factor Contributing to Co-Carcinogenicity by Arsenite
Authors: Shengwen Shen, Jane Lee, Xuejun Sun, Hailin Wang, Michael Weinfeld, X. Chris Le
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Arsenite (iAsIII) can promote mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of other carcinogens. Considerable attention has focused on interference with DNA repair by inorganic arsenic, especially the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, whereas less is known about the effect of arsenic on the induction of DNA damage by other agents.We examined how arsenic modulates DNA damage by other chemicals.We used an NER-deficient cell line to dissect DNA damage induction from DNA repair and to examine the effects of iAsIII on the formation of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-DNA adducts.We found that pretreatment with iAsIII at subtoxic concentrations (10 microM) led to enhanced formation of BPDE-DNA adducts. Reduced glutathione levels, glutathione S-transferase activity and chromatin accessibility were also measured after iAsIII treatment, but none of these factors appeared to account for the enhanced formation of DNA adducts. However, we found that pretreatment with iAsIII increased the cellular uptake of BPDE in a dose-dependent manner.Our results suggest that iAsIII enhanced the formation of BPDE-DNA adducts by increasing the cellular uptake of BPDE. Therefore, the ability of arsenic to increase the bioavailability of other carcinogens may contribute to arsenic co-carcinogenicity.
Possible Effect of Race on Tricyclic Plasma Levels
Authors: Arthur Rifkin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Ziegler and Biggs (238:2167-2169, 1977) report on the effect of age, sex, smoking, and race on plasma levels of amitriptyline hydrochloride and nortriptyline hydrochloride. It seems to us that they made an error in the logic of their data analysis.  The patients were not assigned to a fixed dose. Despite this, the authors wished to examine the effect of the four variables on plasma level. To correct for the different doses, they changed the actual plasma levels so that each patient's plasma level was based on 1 mg/kg oral dose. Presumably, they divided the actual plasma level by the 1 mg/kg dose for each patient. Nowhere do they justify this technique. To be valid one would need to show that plasma levels correlate to a high degree and in a linear fashion to the 1 mg/kg dose. The authors themselves point out that Hammer et al 1
Combinations of drugs taken by pregnant women add to problems in determining fetal damage
Authors: S. Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

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Vaseline and burns: Manufacturer's reply
Authors: J. Ballington
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—We were extremely concerned to read this letter describing the burns that a 3 year old boy received to his back and perineum. Our number one priority is always the safety and wellbeing of people who use our products and, as such, we ensure that all claims that we make are accurate and directly supportable.

The burns described seem not to be minor and therefore outside the scope of intended use for the Vaseline petroleum jelly product referred to. The Vaseline label clearly states that this product is intended for minor burns and, indeed, our research has proved that the product supports the healthy healing of minor burns as it protects the damaged area from bacteria while not interfering with the healing process (see bmj.com for evidence).

Coincidentally, and for reasons wholly unconnected to your letter or the issue raised in it, the artwork on our Vaseline petroleum jelly has been changed. Although the product formulation remains the exactly the same, the new labelling does not make any reference to the use of Vaseline petroleum jelly in the treatment of burns.

Although we continue to stand by the previous labelling and the technical rationale behind claims contained in it, we hope our new packaging will prevent a situation of misuse from occurring again.
If and butts about smoking cessation
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

What constitutes a conflict of interest? I should state that I started smoking from around the age of 15. To my shame, I have smoked on and off since then, sometimes stopping for a number of years. I am fortunate in some ways—I am not the sort of smoker who wakes at 3 am to have a cigarette, and I can go many weeks without smoking. Today I would be called a “social smoker,” a horrific misnomer to the anti-smoking lobby. Because smoking costs. I have witnessed the premature death and …
Abstract C66: Establishing clinically relevant in vitro models of prostate cancer
Authors: Wassim Abou-Kheir, Paul Hynes, Philip Martin, JuanJuan Yin, Yen-Nien Liu, Victoria Seng, Ross Lake, Joshua Spurrier, Kathleen Kelly
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. PTEN and/or TP53 deletions in prostate cancer are associated with aggressiveness, castration-resistance, and poor prognosis. One origin of progressive, treatment-resistant prostate cancer has been hypothesized to be androgen-independent, prostate cancer stem cells. In order to investigate molecular mechanisms linking specific gene mutations to tumorigenic properties, we have established and characterized two prostate luminal epithelial cell lines with Pten/TP53 deletions, derived from a prostate epithelial stem/progenitor-enriched cell population and maintained in a serum-free media. Normal mouse prostate epithelium containing floxed Pten and TP53 alleles was subjected to CRE-mediated deletion in vitro followed by serial propagation as protospheres. A polyclonal cell line was established from dissociated protospheres and subsequently a clonal daughter line was derived. Both lines demonstrate a mature luminal phenotype in vitro. The established lines contain a stable minor population of progenitor cells with protosphere-forming ability and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Both lines formed orthotopic adenocarcinoma tumors with metastatic potential to lung. Intracardiac inoculation resulted in brain and lung metastasis, while intra-tibial injection induced osteoblastic bone formation, recapitulating the bone metastatic phenotype of human prostate cancer. The cells showed androgen receptor dependent growth in vitro. Importantly, in vivo, the deprivation of androgens from established orthotopic tumors resulted in tumor regression and eventually castration-resistant growth. Cells derived from orthotopic tumors have been isolated to develop androgen-dependent versus androgen-independent model. These data suggest that transformed prostate progenitor cells preferentially differentiate toward luminal cells and recapitulate many characteristics of the human disease. Citation Format: Wassim Abou-Kheir, Paul Hynes, Philip Martin, JuanJuan Yin, Yen-Nien Liu, Victoria Seng, Ross Lake, Joshua Spurrier, Kathleen Kelly. Establishing clinically relevant in vitro models of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C66.
Renal Transplantation: An Analysis of 33 Cases
Authors: P. R. F. Bell, J. D. Briggs, K. Kyle, H. Dick, K. C. Calman, R. O. Quin, R. F. M. Wood, A. M. Paton, S. G. Macpherson, R. F. Deane, I. McLaughlin, D. N. H. Hamilton, D. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Thirty-three patients with end-stage renal failure have had transplants over a three-year period, four patients receiving kidneys from siblings and the remainder cadaver organs. Twenty-seven kidneys survived with stable function for periods of six months to three years. Graft survival at one year was 85% and at two years 82%. One patient died and five were returned to dialysis. Complications included rejection episodes, technical problems, respiratory and wound infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and side effects of steroids.
ADDITIONAL VALUE OF TRANSLUMINAL ATTENUATION GRADIENT IN CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY TO PREDICT HEMODYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: Wijnand Stuijfzand, Ibrahim Danad, Pieter Raijmakers, Bogdan Marcu, Martijn Heymans, Cornelis Van Kuijk, Albert van Rossum, Koen Nieman, James Min, Jonathon Leipsic, Niels Van Royen, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)