tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicine and the European Economic Community — The Office of Coroner — Predicament by Computer
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IF all goes well (or some would say, badly) it seems likely that in just about a year Britain will become a member of the European Economic Community (EEC). Few British doctors have any idea of the implications of this event for them personally, nor do they know how it will affect the status of the National Health Service (NHS). Similarly, it appears that continental physicians are equally uncertain about how Britain's entry will affect their own position. According to an article in Pulse1 some continental medical groups, particularly the specialists, believe that their professional freedom may be threatened. They . . .
P2-15-13: Oncologic and Cosmetic Outcome in Breast Cancer Patients Who Underwent “Moving Window” Operation.
Authors: Y Ohno, M Noguchi, Y Nakano, M Noguchi, T Kosaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: An inappropriate skin incision on the breast reduces the cosmetic benefit of breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Methods: To improve the cosmetic outcome, we have performed “Moving window” operation in which BCS can be performed via a periareolar incision (periareolar approach) and/or axillary incision (axillary approach) under direct visualization. Axillary lymph node dissection is also performed via an axillary incision. Results: Periareolar approach was performed in 65 patients and axillary approach in 43 patients. Average operation time was 130 minutes in periareolar approach and 131 minutes in axillary approach. Average blood loss was 37 mL and 50 mL, respectively. Postoperatively, the surgical margin of breast tissue was histologically confirmed to be negative in 107 (99%) of 108 patients, while two patients underwent reoperation because of positive surgical margin. Fifty-two patients (85%) in periareolar approach and 37 patients (86%) in axillary approach had excellent or good cosmetic results. With a mean follow-up of 36 months, one patient with DCIS developed in-breast recurrence, while 3 patients who had neoadjuvant chemotherapy developed in-breast recurrence. Conclusion: The moving window operation can improve a cosmetic outcome of the conserved breast without compromising the oncological safety. Moreover, it can reduce operating time and blood loss when compared with the endoscope-assisted BCS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-15-13.
Book: Medicine and Art
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Alan E H Emery, Marcia L H Emery Royal Society of Medicine Press in association with the Royal College of Physicians, £40, pp 112 ISBN 1 85315 501 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img> Alan Emery is a distinguished British neurologist and an amateur painter; his wife, Marcia, is a librarian and trained psychologist. This book reflects their shared love of art and history, and contains more than 50 colour illustrations of works that portray the changing role of medicine in society. Each illustration is accompanied, on the opposite page, by a short article giving a succinct summary both of the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Modeling the Spread of HIV-Reply
Authors: Samuel R. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In our article on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure among intravenous (IV) drug users in Manhattan, we noted that the stabilization of seroprevalence rates has occurred at a level—approximately 50%— where simple models of epidemics predict the greatest rate of new infections. Salzberg et al propose a model that is consistent with the seroprevalence data we reported. It is not consistent with other data, both contained in the article and published elsewhere. The largest problem with the model of Salzberg et al is the use of a static conceptualization of IV drug use at the individual and population levels. The risk status of individual IV users is assumed to remain constant, despite the known variability in frequency of both heroin and cocaine injection among persons considered to be addicts.<sup>1</sup>Any classification of IV drug users into constant levels of risk behavior over long periods must be treated with
Differential role of IκB kinase 1 and 2 in primary rat hepatocytes
Authors: Robert F. Schwabe, Brydon L. Bennett, Anthony M. Manning, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Nuclear factor–κB (NF–κB) protects hepatocytes from undergoing apoptosis during embryonic development and during liver regeneration. Activation of NF–κB is mediated through phosphorylation of its inhibitor, IκB, by a kinase complex that contains 2 IκB kinases. We analyzed the differential role of IκB kinase 1 (IKK1) and IκB kinase 2 (IKK2) in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF–α)– and interleukin–1β (IL–1β)–mediated NF–κB activation in primary rat hepatocytes. Maximal induction of IKK activity was observed 5 minutes after TNF–α and 15 minutes after IL–1β treatment, and activated IKK was able to phosphorylate GST–IκB (1–54) and GST–p65 (354–551), but not a GST–p65 (354–551) substrate with a serine–to–alanine substitution at position 536. Infection with an adenovirus containing catalytically inactive IKK2K44M (Ad5IKK2dn) completely blocked both TNF–α– and IL–1β–induced GST–IκB and GST–p65 phosphorylation, IκB degradation, and NF–κB DNA binding. Adenovirally transduced, catalytically inactive IKK1K44M (Ad5IKK1dn) reduced IKK activity and NF–κB DNA binding only slightly. Accordingly, Ad5IKK2dn induced apoptosis in 75% (±6%) of hepatocytes after 12 hours of TNF–α, which was accompanied by activation of caspases 3 and 8, nuclear fragmentation, and DNA laddering. In contrast, Ad5IKK1dn led to 21% (±2%) apoptosis in TNF–α–treated hepatocytes after 12 hours and comparatively low activity of caspases 3 and 8. Furthermore, Ad5IKK2dn completely blocked the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas Ad5IKK1dn had no influence on the expression of iNOS. Thus, IKK2 is the main mediator for cytokine–induced NF–κB activation in primary hepatocytes and protects against TNF–α–induced apoptosis, whereas IKK1 kinase activity is not required for NF–κB activation.
Hemogenic and nonhemogenic endothelium can be distinguished by the activity of fetal liver kinase (Flk)–1promoter/enhancer during mouse embryogenesis
Authors: Hideyo Hirai, Minetaro Ogawa, Norio Suzuki, Masayuki Yamamoto, Georg Breier, Osam Mazda, Jiro Imanishi, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa
Journal: Blood (2003)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer
Authors: Nina Moliver
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters15 July 2003Complementary and Alternative Medicine in CancerNina Moliver, MSc(A)Nina Moliver, MSc(A)Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 (Moliver)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The informative article by Weiger and colleagues (1) on complementary cancer therapies is an important step in creating dialogue between biomedicine and its alternatives. However, I feel that it repeated certain popular misconceptions about the macrobiotic diet.The authors describe the diet as radical but do not define the scientific baseline from which it is a radical departure. The word radical instead appears to reflect a subjective world-view. I would characterize a diet such as raw-juice fasting as radical because it cannot sustain long-term health and it has never sustained a human community. By these criteria, macrobiotics ...Reference1. Weiger WA, Smith M, Boon H, Richardson MA, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Advising patients who seek complementary and alternative medical therapies for cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:889-903. [PMID: 12458989] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jamaica Plain, MA 02130 (Moliver) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAdvising Patients Who Seek Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Cancer Wendy A. Weiger , Michael Smith , Heather Boon , Mary Ann Richardson , Ted J. Kaptchuk , and David M. Eisenberg Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Cancer Wendy A. Weiger , Ted J. Kaptchuk , and David M. Eisenberg Metrics 15 July 2003Volume 139, Issue 2Page: 152KeywordsCancer treatmentComplementary and alternative medicineDietEatingFoodMalnutrition ePublished: 15 July 2003 Issue Published: 15 July 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Legal Guidelines for Evaluating and Dismissing Medical Students
Authors: David M. Irby, Jane I. Fantel, Steven D. Milam, M. Roy Schwarz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

During the past decade, an increasing number of medical schools have faced legal challenges to faculty decisions concerning the evaluation and dismissal of students. These lawsuits have arisen in part from greater student access to and challenge of their educational records,1 competition for residency positions, and use of the courts to resolve conflicts. Confrontations with students often leave faculty believing that if they fail a student they are at risk of continued harassment or, even worse, court action. These concerns may be overcome by a clearer understanding of what authority, responsibility, and protection faculty members have in evaluating and dismissing . . .
Delayed Bleeding From a Gunshot Wound of the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Robert J. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

PENETRATING wounds of the thoracic aorta are generally fatal injuries. Many of the patients with this injury either die shortly after the wound occurs, or are moribund upon admission to the emergency room. However, with the advent of rapid transport and improved methods and means of resuscitation, some patients with aortic injuries are being saved.  Recently a patient with an unusual and bizarre aortic injury was admitted to the surgical service, USAF Hospital Carswell, Fort Worth, Tex. The interesting aspect of this case lies in the nature and outcome of this extraordinary aortic gunshot wound rather than the details of management.  Report of a Case  A 20-year-old airman (No. 82406) was admitted to the surgical service, USAF Hospital Carswell, on Oct 26, 1962, with the following history: On Oct 21, the patient was struck in the back by a stray bullet. He was hospitalized in Durant, Okla, at 4:20 PM,
Ultrasonography in rheumatology: an evolving technique
Authors: W. GRASSI, C. CERVINI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Ultrasonography (US) has proved to be an excellent technique for a quick, efficient, and accurate evaluation of soft tissues involvement in rheumatic diseases. US is a powerful tool to look around or inside joints, or both, tendons, muscles, bursae, and nerves. Skin, salivary glands, parathyroids, and small and large vessels are other interesting targets of US in rheumatology. The main advantages of US, with respect to other imaging techniques, include absence of radiation, good visualisation of the joint cavity, low running costs, multiplanar imaging capability, quantification of soft tissue abnormalities. Moreover, US is rapidly performed and readily accepted by patients.

US is not a new technique, but it has undergone relatively little clinical evaluation in rheumatology (compared with other imaging techniques) because of the paucity of sonographic units in rheumatology departments and of rheumatologists capable of performing a sonographic examination.

Most ultrasound equipment is available in radiology departments and musculoskeletal ultrasonography is mainly performed by radiologists even if few of them have a specific interest in rheumatic diseases.

Over the past few years, an increasing number of rheumatologists has started to utilise ultrasounds in their daily clinical practice. Although there is great potential for US in rheumatological clinical activity, most rheumatologists are not familiar with US and many are hesitant to attempt a direct approach. This reluctance may be related to several factors including lack of adequate anatomical knowledge (anatomophobia is a common syndrome among many rheumatologists), the lack of interest and of expertise in pathoanatomy, the discouraging impact of untrained attempts to have a first direct sonographic experience, and the initial cost of a high quality sonographic equipment (not less than $65 000).

At present, US is still a tool in search of a job in rheumatology, but it seems to have many of the features of a big bargain. …
Genomic impact of transient low-dose decitabine treatment on primary AML cells
Authors: Jeffery M. Klco, David H. Spencer, Tamara L. Lamprecht, Shawn M. Sarkaria, Todd Wylie, Vincent Magrini, Jasreet Hundal, Jason Walker, Nobish Varghese, Petra Erdmann-Gilmore, Cheryl F. Lichti, Matthew R. Meyer, R. Reid Townsend, Richard K. Wilson, Elaine R. Mardis, Timothy J. Ley
Journal: Blood (2013)
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Contributes to the Prostate Cancer-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation Mediated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein
Authors: Jinlu Dai, Yasuhide Kitagawa, Jian Zhang, Zhi Yao, Atsushi Mizokami, Shiyuan Cheng, Jacques Nör, Laurie K. McCauley, Russell S. Taichman, Evan T. Keller
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Human prostate cancer has a high predisposition to metastasize to bone, resulting in the formation of osteoblastic metastases. The mechanism through which prostate cancer cells promote osteoblastic lesions is undefined. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated as a mediator of osteoblast activity. In the present study, we examined if prostate cancer cells promote osteoblastic activity through VEGF. We found that LNCaP and C4-2B prostate cancer cell lines and primary tumor and metastatic prostate cancer tissues from patients expressed VEGF. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are normally present in the bone environment, induced VEGF protein and mRNA expression in C4-2B cells. Furthermore, BMP-7 activated the VEGF promoter. Noggin, a BMP inhibitor, diminished VEGF protein expression and promoter activity in C4-2B cells. Conditioned media (CM) from C4-2B cells induced pro-osteoblastic activity (increased alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and mineralization) in osteoblast cells. Both noggin alone and anti-VEGF antibody alone diminished C4-2B CM-induced pro-osteoblastic activity. Transfection of C4-2B cells with VEGF partially rescued the C4-2B CM-induced pro-osteoblastic activity from noggin inhibition. These observations indicate that BMPs promote osteosclerosis through VEGF in prostate cancer metastases. These results suggest a novel function for VEGF in skeletal metastases. Specifically, VEGF promotes osteoblastic lesion formation at prostate cancer bone metastatic sites.
Selinexor suppresses downstream effectors of B-cell activation, proliferation and migration in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Y Zhong, D El-Gamal, J A Dubovsky, K A Beckwith, B K Harrington, K E Williams, V M Goettl, S Jha, X Mo, J A Jones, J M Flynn, K J Maddocks, L A Andritsos, D McCauley, S Shacham, M Kauffman, J C Byrd, R Lapalombella
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Developments of mucus penetrating nanoparticles
Authors: Min Liu, Jian Zhang, Wei Shan, Yuan Huang
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Mucus can effectively protect the exposed mucosal surfaces due to its adhesive and viscoelastic properties. Most foreign particulates are efficiently trapped in mucus layers via steric obstruction and adhesion. Trapped particles are typically removed from the mucosal tissue within seconds to a few hours depending on their location sites. This article focuses on describing the tenacious mucus barrier properties, the strategies to investigate the interaction of nanoparticles with the mucus as well as the novel developments of mucus penetrating nanoparticles.
Significance of Herpesvirus Hominis in Respiratory Secretions of Man
Authors: Keith M. Lindgren, R. Gordon Douglas, Robert B. Couch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Four hundred and eighteen adults were inoculated with a respiratory virus and cultures performed serially. Herpesvirus hominis was isolated 27 times from 21 subjects (5 per cent). A random distribution of herpesvirus isolates was observed, and there was no relation to occurrence of respiratory illness. Localized lesions followed respiratory illness in four subjects, and H. hominis was isolated from respiratory secretions before these lesions developed. These findings suggest that herpesvirus rarely causes respiratory illness in adults with pre-existing serum antibody, that recurrent herpetic lesions develop when respiratory secretions contain herpesvirus and when respiratory or other illness decreases local tissue resistance to infection, and that chronic virus multiplication in sites with access to the eye and mouth, rather than reactivation of latent virus at the site of the recurrent lesions, is responsible for the presence of herpesvirus in respiratory secretions.
Personality, Endocrine and Immune Changes after Eight Months in Healthy Individuals under Normal Daily Stress
Authors: Massimo Biondi, Margherita Peronti, Francesca Pacitti, Paolo Pancheri, Roberta Pacifici, Ilaria Altieri, Luciana Paris, Piergiorgio Zuccaro
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1994)

The impact of stress and its neuroendocrine correlates on immune function are well established and individual variations could be attributed to modulation by personality characteristics. To assess the influence of everyday life stress and personality on neuroendocrine and immune function, we administered, to 18 healthy adults, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to assess their personality, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety, the Reaction Scheme Test to assess their coping reaction style, the Life Events Survey to assess the impact of stressful life events, and the Subjective Stress Questionnaire to assess perceived stress. The endocrine evaluation comprised prolactin, cortisol, and growth hormone plasma levels, while the immunological evaluation assessed T4, T8, and T11 lymphocyte percentages, as well as natural killer cell count and activity. All evaluations were made at baseline and after 8 months. We found a reduction of the T11 lymphocyte percentage to be accompanied by a reduction in the scores of the MMPI scale of Subtle Defensiveness and by an increase in the scores of the Social Introversion Scale. A positive correlation was found between prolactin and T4 lymphocyte percentage. These preliminary data show that some personality and endocrine measures correlate with immune function.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia
Authors: Noreen L. Rudd, Murray Miskin, David I. Hoar, Ronald Benzie, Terrance A. Doran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Hypophosphatasia is a rare, recessively inherited metabolic disorder characterized by low serum and tissue alkaline phosphatase, the presence of phosphoethanolamine in the urine1 , 2 and osseous changes that are histologically similar to those of rickets.3 , 4 We recently reported the intrauterine diagnosis of hypophosphatasia in a woman undergoing amniocentesis because of late maternal age.5 In this case the clue to diagnosis was the failure to visualize a fetal head on ultrasonography. The absence of alkaline phosphatase activity in amniotic fluid also suggested the diagnosis.In a second family, the prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia was established by abnormal ultrasonography findings but with different . . .
Detection of local abnormalities in ventricular activation sequence by body surface isochrone mapping in patients with previous myocardial infarction.
Authors: K Ikeda, I Kubota, A Igarashi, M Yamaki, K Tsuiki, S Yasui
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Body surface isochrone mapping was performed in 36 normal subjects and in 85 patients with previous myocardial infarction. Eighty-seven unipolar electrocardiograms distributed over the anterior chest and the back were recorded simultaneously. For each lead, activation time was measured as the time from the onset of QRS to the peak of the R wave. The lead points where R waves were not observed were designated the "no R wave area" (NR area). Isochrone maps of normal subjects had a consistent pattern, with isochrone lines extending from the right upper anterior chest to the left anterior chest and then to the back. NR area was small and was located only on the right upper chest or the upper back. On the isochrone maps of patients with myocardial infarction, abnormal findings were observed; NR area was found in 26 of 28 patients with anterior infarction on the upper to middle anterior chest, in 13 of 22 patients with inferior infarction on the lower chest, and in 24 of 25 patients with anterior and inferior infarction on the upper to lower anterior chest. Activation time was delayed near the NR area (peri-NR area delay) in 37 patients. In patients with apical infarction, an islandlike zone of delayed activation was typically found on the left precordium. These abnormal patterns are considered to indicate local abnormalities in the activation of infarcted myocardium; the NR area indicates dead unexcitable scar, and the peri-NR area delay and islandlike zone of delayed activation indicate partially infarcted myocardium of slow activation. Patients with NR area had greater degree of left ventricular asynergy and lower ejection fraction than those without.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Validation of an image analysis algorithm to quantify leukocyte populations using whole slide image analysis
Authors: Anthony J Milici, David Young, Steven J Potts, Holger Lange, Nicholas D Landis, Erik R Hagendorn, Sherri A Saturley, Lisa Hall, Joseph S Krueger
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts In recent years, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been identified as an important factor influencing the growth and metastasis of the tumor. In the TME, different classes of inflammatory cells have been found to exert either a pro- or anti-tumor effect. This has resulted in a
Contract for GPs in England "failed to live up to expectations," say MPs
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

England’s spending watchdog has delivered a damning assessment of the government’s attempts to modernise primary care through the new GPs’ contract, which came into effect in April 2004.

Costing £1.8bn (€2.3bn; $3.2m) more than predicted in its first three years, says the Public Accounts Committee, the contract fully achieved just one of its objectives: to attract more doctors into general practice. Since March 2003 an additional 4098 GPs have been working in primary care, an increase of 15%.

But productivity in general practice has fallen by an average of 2.5% a year since the contract was launched, rather than increase by the expected 1.5%. And patients in deprived areas continue to struggle to access GP services, despite this being one of the goals heralded by the BMA as a top priority in its lengthy negotiations with the Department of Health over the new deal for GPs.

The committee’s report acknowledges that some progress has been made in linking GPs’ pay to performance. It is critical, however, of the quality and outcomes frameworks (QOF) system, developed to measure performance. With targets set too low it was simply too easy for GPs to achieve high scores, resulting in additional unexpected costs for the …
On a Case of Hysteria, Simulating Chorea
Authors: C. Bradford
Journal: BMJ (1878)

tbcpatient mas AMke.to.get.about as soon as she reg~inedconscious.nes:mawke.thisview highly probable... Tsermnked efct of the application of the electric, current, and the.permaneat cure-effected by it,.which distinguish this case again from, tba-ordinary cases.ofhystero-epilepsy