tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-15-04: Luminal B Lobular Carcinomas In Situ Have a Higher Risk of Relapse Compared to the Other Molecular Types of Lobular Carcinomas In Situ: Results from a Pilot Retrospective Single Institution Study
Authors: A Vincent-Salomon, D Hajage, A Cedenot, C Gautier, N Gruel, S Alran, B Sigal-Zafrani, A Fourquet, Y. Kirova
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aims: To determine the molecular subtypes existing in a retrospective series of classical lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and to evaluate the risk of relapse in the different groups. To assess by immunohistochemistry the expression of stem cell markers in LCIS. Material and methods: A series of 58 LCIS have been retrospectively selected in our files according to the availability of clinical data. The expression of E-cadherin (clone 4A2C7, Invitrogen), ER (clone 6F11, Novocastra), PR (clone 1A6, Novocastra), ERBB2 (clone CB11, Novocastra), EGFR (clone 31G7, Zymed), KI67 (MIB1), CD44 (1563C11, Thermo Fisher Scientific), CD24 (clone SN3b, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and ALDH1 (clone 44/ALDH, BD transduction Laboratories) were determined on whole tissue sections for 47 patients with available paraffin blocks. For ER, PR, EGFR and Ki67, 10% of positive cells were used as cut-off. For ERBB2, the interpretation was performed according to the ASCO guidelines for invasive carcinomas. The molecular subtypes were defined as luminal A: ER+ ERBB2- and Ki67&amp;lt;10%; luminal B: ER+, Ki67 &amp;gt;10% or ERBB2+; ERBB2 ER-and ERBB2 3+; basal-like: ER-PR-ERBB2-and EGFR+. All patients’ charters were reviewed and clinical data was recorded. All of the patients underwent tumorectomy without any radiation therapy. Results: Median age was 50 yrs (min 31; max 72). The majority of the lesions were diagnosed by microcalcifications on mammography (62% of the cases) and treated by lumpectomy (98%). The majority of the lesions were classical LCIS (97%). The majority of the cases were E-cadherin negative (53%), the other cases presenting a weak staining of 10 to 80% of the cells, ER +ve (91%), PR +ve (68%), ERBB2 -ve (100%), KI67 low (81%), EGFR-ve (89%). A total of 33 cases were defined as luminal A (72%), 9 cases as luminal B (20%) and 4 cases were ER-ve/ERBB2-ve. At five years, all patients were alive, 1/33 luminal A experienced a relapse contrasting with 4 out of 9 luminal B (1 LCIS, 3 invasive carcinomas including 2 ductal and 1 lobular) (p= 0.004). The majority of the cases was CD44 +ve (93%), CD24 -ve (57%) and ALDH1 -ve (74%). No statistically significant link was observed between the stem cell phenotype defined as CD44+/CD24-/ALDH1+ and a risk of relapse. Conclusions: Classical LCIS are in majority of luminal A type (72%). 20% of LCIS are luminal B and present a risk of relapse higher than luminal A LCIS. In this retrospective pilot study, for the first time to our knowledge, we observed a higher risk of relapse associated with the luminal B phenotype of LCIS. This observation needs to be confirmed in a larger series but could contribute to improve the clinical management of classical LCIS patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-04.
1101-46 First human experience with the ABT-578 eluting phosphorylcholine polymer stent: A serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis from the PREFER trial
Authors: Ryota Sakurai, Yoichiro Hongo, John Ormiston, Robert J Whitbourn, Ian Meredith, Yasuhiro Honda, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
ST. GEORGE'S HOSPITAL: RETENTION OF URINE FROM ENLARGED PROSTATE: PUNCTURE OF THE BLADDER FROM THE RECTUM
Authors: T. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1856)

The following case is the third of puncture of the bladder from the rectum which has occurred in St. George's Hospital during late years.The other two may be found reported by me in the AssocIATION JOURNAL for February 16th, p. 133, -with some remarks on the controversy to which the frequent adoption of this operation at Guy's Hospital led.The case before us derives additional interest from having been per- formed for the relief of retention of urine arising from en- larged prostate.This condition is very generally said to contraindicate-in fact, to render impossible-the intro- duction of the trocar from the rectum.No doubt it does
Oral acyclovir in eczema herpeticum.
Authors: H Woolfson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Chronic campylobacter colitis and uveitis in patient with hypogammaglobulinaemiaCampylobacter jejuni and coli are recognised causes of enteritis, and self limiting diarrhoea is a common symptom.' Occasionally the disease resembles Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Chronic infection occurs rarely but has been reported in children and patients with immunodeficiency.2We report on a patient with immunodeficiency with chronic diarrhoea in whom C jejuni was repeatedly isolated and acute anterior uveitis occurred. Case reportThe patient, a woman, had undergone splenectomy for thrombocytopenia at age 34.In 1974 hypogammaglobulinaemia was diagnosed and treated by gammaglobulin replacement.In 1976 she developed haemolytic anaemia, which was controlled with steroids and two short courses of vinca alkaloids.At that time she started complaining of watery diarrhoea four to six times a day, for which no microbiological cause was found but which improved whenever her steroid dose was increased to control the anaemla.By 1978 she was passing up to 15 watery motions a day, and stool cultures showed C jejuni sensitive to erythromycin and tetracycline.She was given erythromycin 500 mg four times a day for three weeks, with no effect on her symptoms or the stool cultures.Her haemolytic anaemia remitted in 1979, and the steroids were gradually withdrawn; her diarrhoea worsened simultaneously.In 1981 she had an episode of acute unilateral uveitis, which was treated with oral steroids, and again her diarrhoea improved.She was later investigated in hospital several times.C jejuni was isolated from her stool on five occasions; two isolates were serotyped and shown to be identical.No giardia, cryptosporidia, or other pathogens were found, and electron microscopy of the stool showed no virus particles.A smallbowel enema was normal apart from the appearance of backwash ileitis.Colonoscopy showed diffuse colitis with multiple small ulcers.Histological examination of the mucosa showed mild inflammation with aphthoid ulceration, neutrophils, no plasma cells, and incipient crypt abscesses, which suggested an infectious cause.Total white cell count was 1660X 109/1 (lymphocytes 700 X 109/1, eosinophils 200 X 109/1).The urinary concentration of indicans and faecal fat excretion were normal.A Schilling test showed '-Zeit RM.Enterolithiasis associated with ileal perforation in Crohn's disease.
High body burdens of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in California women.
Authors: Myrto Petreas, Jianwen She, F Reber Brown, Jennifer Winkler, Gayle Windham, Evan Rogers, Guomao Zhao, Rajiv Bhatia, M Judith Charles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Following our first report on elevated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in California women, we expanded our investigation to include diverse groups of local women. We analyzed additional adipose and serum samples collected in the late 1990s from San Francisco Bay Area women participating in a breast cancer study and in a reproductive study, respectively. Adipose samples (n = 32) were analyzed by low-resolution mass spectrometry in negative-ion chemical ionization mode, whereas serum samples (n = 50) were analyzed by dual-column gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The results confirmed our earlier findings. Concentrations of 2,2,4,4 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in contemporary California women ranged between 5 and 510 ng/g lipid, with a median (16.5 ng/g lipid) 3-10 times higher than those reported from Europe. In contrast, PBDEs were not measurable in any of 420 archived serum samples collected in the 1960s from San Francisco Bay Area women participating in a study of child development. BDE-47 concentrations did not increase with age or with concentrations of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB-153), suggesting other routes of exposure in addition to diet. Rising body burdens of endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as PBDEs may pose a potential public health threat.
Effectiveness of a multiple intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract symptoms in primary care: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ineke Welschen, Marijke M Kuyvenhoven, Arno W Hoes, Theo J M Verheij
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To assess the effectiveness of a multiple intervention aimed at reducing antibiotic prescription rates for symptoms of the respiratory tract in primary care. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Subjects</b> Twelve peer review groups including 100 general practitioners with their collaborating pharmacists in the region of Utrecht, Netherlands. <b>Intervention</b> The intervention consisted of group education meetings, with a consensus procedure on indication for and type of antibiotics and with training in communication skills; monitoring and feedback on prescribing behaviour; group education for assistants of general practitioners and pharmacists; and educational material for patients. The control group did not receive any of these elements. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Antibiotic prescription rates for acute symptoms of the respiratory tract and patients9 satisfaction. <b>Results</b> 89 general practitioners completed the study (89%). At baseline, prescription rates for antibiotics for respiratory tract symptoms did not differ between intervention and control group (27% <i>v</i> 29%, respectively). After nine months, the prescription rates in the intervention group fell to 23%, whereas the control group9s rose to 37% (mean difference in change −12%, 95% confidence interval −18.9% to −4.0%). Multilevel analysis confirmed the results of the unadjusted analysis (intervention effect −10.7%, −20.3% to −1.0%). Patients9 satisfaction was high and did not differ in the two groups at baseline or after the intervention. <b>Conclusions</b> A multiple intervention reduced prescribing rates of antibiotics for respiratory tract symptoms while maintaining a high degree of satisfaction among patients. Further research should focus on the sustainability and cost effectiveness of this intervention.
Fecal Blood Levels in Health and Disease
Authors: David A. Ahlquist, Douglas B. McGill, Samuel Schwartz, William F. Taylor, Richard A. Owen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We tested HemoQuant, a quantitative assay of fecal blood based on the fluorescence of heme-derived porphyrin, in 106 healthy volunteers, 170 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms but with normal diagnostic studies, 44 patients with gastrointestinal cancer, 75 patients with benign polyps, and 374 patients with a variety of other benign gastrointestinal lesions, including ulcers and erosions. In 98 per cent of the healthy volunteers, fecal hemoglobin concentrations were less than 2 mg per gram of stool. Levels were similarly low in stools from patients with symptoms and normal studies and in patients with relatively minor benign lesions. Within these groups, levels were slightly higher in those who had ingested red meat or aspirin. The fecal hemoglobin concentration was higher in patients with gastrointestinal cancer than in any other group, and 97 per cent of those with colorectal cancer had levels above 2 mg per gram. The sensitivity of HemoQuant was significantly greater than that of the guaiac test Hemoccult, particularly when heme was degraded or stools were dry. Intestinal degradation of heme to porphyrin can be measured separately by HemoQuant, and was greater when bleeding was from proximal lesions rather than distal ones. We conclude that HemoQuant is a more sensitive measure of gastrointestinal bleeding than Hemoccult, and that its capacity to measure degraded heme may be useful in indicating the anatomic site of bleeding. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1422–8.)
Psychosocial Factors and Breast Cancer: A 6-Year Italian Follow-Up Study
Authors: Tullio Giraldi, Maria Grazia Rodani, Giuseppe Cartei, Luigi Grassi
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: Over the last 20 years contradictory results have been obtained as regards to the role of psychosocial factors in favouring the onset of breast cancer and/or in influencing disease progression. Methods: The present study prospectively investigated the association between psychosocial variables and breast cancer in 95 out-patients. Within 3 months from the diagnosis the patients completed a series of questionnaires to evaluate psychological disturbances, emotional repression, adjustment to cancer, social support and occurrence of life events in the past. At a distance of 6 years from the first assessment, the patients' charts were re-examined in order to evaluate the course of cancer. Results: A higher volume of primary tumour at surgery was shown in patients who had had stressful events in the 6 months preceding cancer diagnosis. At follow-up, no relationship was found between psychosocial variables and the course of disease. The analysis of the frequency of relapses and deaths, and the survival analysis indicated that positivity of loco-regional lymph nodes, infiltrating histotype of the tumour and tumour stage were the only significant predictors of the time of death. Conclusions: The study suggests that clinical and biological rather than psychosocial factors exert a major role in breast cancer progression.
Spatial visualization and sex-related differences in mathematical problem solving
Authors: Julia A. Sherman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Spatial visualization as a key variable in sex-related differences in mathematical problem solving and spatial aspects of geometry is traced to the 1960s. More recent relevant data are presented. The variability debate is traced to the latter part of the nineteenth century and an explanation for it is suggested. An idea is presented for further research to clarify sex-related brain laterality differences in solving spatial problems.
Differential expression of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes in different cell types of rat liver
Authors: K Shimizu-Saito, S Horikawa, N Kojima, J Shiga, H Senoo, K Tsukada
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Mammalian S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) synthetase exists as two isozymes, liver-type and nonhepatic-type enzymes, which are the products of two different genes. It is known that the liver-type isozyme is only expressed in adult liver. Whereas, the nonhepatic-type isozyme is widely distributed in various tissues. In addition to the liver-type isozyme, a minor amount of the nonhepatic-type isozyme is also detected in adult liver. To investigate the distribution of these two isozymes in the liver in detail, the localization of these two isozymes was examined in each cell type of liver using a combination of cell fractionation technique and Western blot analysis. In the parenchymal cells, the liver-type isozyme protein was predominantly expressed, and a small amount of the nonhepatic-type isozyme protein was also detected. On the other hand, in the stellate cells the nonhepatic-type isozyme protein was exclusively or only expressed. Interestingly, a large amount of both isozymes were present in endothelial and Kupffer cell fraction. Using both antibodies to anti-rat nonhepatic-type and liver-type isozymes, respectively, immunohistochemical analysis clearly confirmed these results. In addition, in cultured hepatocellular carcinoma cells (FAA-HTC1), the nonhepatic-type isozyme protein only was detected, and the liver-type isozyme protein completely disappeared. This result indicates that the changes in the isozyme expression is regulated within the parenchymal cells. Administration of hepatotoxic drug carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to rats resulted in about 40% to 50% reduction of enzyme activity in parenchymal cells and stellate cells compared with those of control rats. However, enzyme activity in endothelial and Kupffer cell fraction was not changed.
Effects of recombinant alpha interferon on chronic active hepatitis B: preliminary results.
Authors: Y Bayraktar, B Uzunalimoglu, S Arslan, T Koseoglu, B Kayhan, H Telatar
Journal: Gut (1993)

This paper presents the preliminary results of a study designed to evaluate the effects of alpha interferon in chronic hepatitis B. After six months9 treatment with interferon alfa-2b (5 million units (MU), three times weekly) 15 of 25 (60%) patients achieved seroconversion of hepatitis B e antigen, 17 (68%) normalised alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and 15 (60%) showed a decrease in the inflammatory reaction on liver histology. No seroconversions occurred in the control group (n = 10), and none of the control patients achieved a normal ALT or showed a reduction in the inflammatory reaction. Adverse effects were experienced by most patients who received interferon but none warranted stopping the treatment.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography versus peroral cholangioscopy to evaluate intraepithelial tumor spread in biliary cancer
Authors: H. Kawakami, M. Kuwatani, K. Etoh, S. Haba, H. Yamato, K. Shinada, Y. Nakanishi, E. Tanaka, S. Hirano, S. Kondo, K. Kubota, M. Asaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de H. Kawakami et al., pp. 959Endoscopy 2009; 41(11): 1009-1009DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306755
SC-54684A: An Orally Active Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Nancy S. Nicholson, Susan G. Panzer-Knodle, Anita K. Salyers, Beatrice B. Taite, James A. Szalony, Neal F. Haas, Lucy W. King, Jeffery A. Zablocki, Bradley T. Keller, Kay Broschat, V. Wayne Engleman, Marc Herin, Phillipe Jacqmin, Larry P. Feigen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Intravenous therapy has been shown to be beneficial in the prevention of acute platelet-associated thrombotic events. However, orally active agents would be advantageous for chronic therapy. Fibrinogen receptor antagonists block the fibrinogen/platelet interaction and thus inhibit a step required for thrombus formation. To date, no orally active fibrinogen binding inhibitors have been characterized. SC-54684A, now in clinical trial, is the orally active prodrug of a potent and specific fibrinogen binding antagonist. Methods and Results We measured inhibition of 125 I-fibrinogen binding to activated platelets and inhibition of aggregation in platelet-rich plasma to selected agonists and showed IC 50 s of 1.0×10 −8 and 3 to 7×10 −8 mol/L, respectively. Specificity of the active moiety was determined by studying its effect on the binding of (1) neutrophils to interleukin (IL)-1β–stimulated endothelial cells, (2) endothelial cells to fibronectin, and (3) vitronectin to isolated vitronectin and fibrinogen receptors. No effect was observed on the binding neutrophils to IL-stimulated endothelial cells or endothelial cell binding to fibronectin. There was a fivefold separation between binding to isolated receptors of vitronectin and fibrinogen. Collagen-induced aggregation was inhibited by 80%, and bleeding time was increased ≈2.5-fold when the active moiety was infused to steady state at 0.2 μg/kg per minute in dogs. When the ester prodrug was given orally and the active moiety was given intravenously, the oral systemic activity was ≈20%. Pharmacokinetic analysis after intravenous infusion of the prodrug or active moiety showed that the prodrug was rapidly converted to the active moiety; the active moiety had a t \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(\frac{1}{2}\) \end{document} of 6.5 hours. When the prodrug was administered both orally and intravenously, the systemic availability of the active moiety was 62%. Conclusions SC-54684A, an orally active antiplatelet drug now in clinical trial, is shown to be a potent, specific fibrinogen binding inhibitor that blocks platelet aggregation to a wide variety of known stimuli and has good bioavailability in animals.
Evaluation of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis in emergency department patients
Authors: Ronna L. Campbell, John B. Hagan, Veena Manivannan, Wyatt W. Decker, Abhijit R. Kanthala, Maria Fernanda Bellolio, Vernon D. Smith, James T.C. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Statewide Newborn Screening for Severe T-Cell Lymphopenia
Authors: John M. Routes
Journal: JAMA (2009)

A newborn blood screening (NBS) test that could identify infants with a profound deficiency of T cells may result in a reduction in mortality.To determine if quantitating T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on DNA extracted from dried blood spots on NBS cards can detect infants with T-cell lymphopenia in a statewide program.Between January 1 and December 31, 2008, the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene screened all infants born in Wisconsin for T-cell lymphopenia by quantitating the number of TRECs contained in a 3.2-mm punch (approximately 3 microL of whole blood) of the NBS card. Flow cytometry to enumerate the number of T cells was performed on full-term infants and preterm infants when they reached the equivalent of at least 37 weeks' gestation with TREC values of less than 25/microL. Infants with T-cell lymphopenia were evaluated by a clinical immunologist.The number of infants with TREC values of less than 25/microL with T-cell lymphopenia confirmed by flow cytometry.Exactly 71,000 infants were screened by the TREC assay. Seventeen infants aged at least 37 weeks' gestation had at least 1 abnormal TREC assay (TREC values < 25/microL), 11 of whom had samples analyzed by flow cytometry to enumerate T cells. Eight infants demonstrated T-cell lymphopenia. The causes of the T-cell lymphopenia included DiGeorge syndrome (n = 2), idiopathic T-cell lymphopenia (n = 2), extravascular extravasation of lymphocytes (n = 3), and a Rac2 mutation (n = 1). The infant with the Rac2 mutation underwent successful cord blood transplantation.In a statewide screening program, use of the TREC assay performed on NBS cards was able to identify infants with T-cell lymphopenia.
A UK training programme for nurse practitioner flexible sigmoidoscopy
Authors: D F LEVINE, R H TEAGUE
Journal: Gut (1999)

Editor,—Duthie and colleagues ( Gut 1998; 43 :711–14) have confirmed what we hoped, and wanted to believe, namely that properly trained nurses perform flexible sigmoidoscopy safely and effectively. This result offers the hope that we will be able to cope with increasing service demands but also addresses other important issues.

There seems to be a curious difference in our attitudes towards nurses and doctors in the performance of practical procedures. For the same patients and the same procedures we demand that nurses undergo formal training and assessment but do not insist on this for doctors. Where is the validated, agreed programme for …