tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SPEEDING PRODUCTION OF PHYSICIANS
Authors: Stuart Mudd
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  I have read your editorial on speeding production of physicians with great interest. I certainly agree with you on the need of thinking through the implications of the accelerated plan. May I submit the following calculations as bearing on the annual production of physicians under the two plans:  Let us assume that the total number of students enrolled in medical schools in this country ( N ) is approximately four times the number now graduated annually:    Under the proposed accelerated plan, N students will be graduated after each three year period, or, in a period of twelve years, a total of 4 N . Under the existing four year plan the total number graduated in the twelve years would be only 3 N . Thus when the whole college-medical school system is geared to the accelerated plan the total annual production of physicians would be increased by
ARTIFICIAL FEEDING OF INFANTS, ESPECIALLY IN GASTRIC DISTURBANCES.
Authors: J. M. G. CARTER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Gastric disturbances of infants are due mainly to improper food. The food may be at fault in quality or quantity. Rarely cases of congenital malformation or deficiency are met in which the usual food preparations do not agree. If the disturbance is caused by the food and is not due to some deficiency in the baby's stomach, the first inquiry regards the source of the food. If the food is mother's milk, the health and temperament as well as the disposition of the mother must be observed. If the mother's milk is acid the administration of a little lime water to the baby after each nursing may remove the difficulty. Mother's milk may contain too great a relative proportion of proteids and constant functional disturbance in the baby's stomach arise. In this and other cases mother's milk may have to be abandoned and some form of artificial food prescribed. If
WORSE FIBROSIS AND MICROVASCULAR ISCHEMIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER INCIDENCE OF ARRHYTHMIC EVENTS IN NON-OBSTRUCTIVE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Iraklis Pozios, Celia Corona Villalobos, Lars Sorensen, Hongchang Luo, Paco Bravo, Aurelio Pinheiro, Veronica Dimaano, Ihab Kamel, Stefan Zimmerman, Maria Abraham, Theodore Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Detects Uremic Cardiomyopathy Early and Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in ESRD
Authors: Rafael Kramann, Johanna Erpenbeck, Rebekka K. Schneider, Anna B. Röhl, Marc Hein, Vincent M. Brandenburg, Merel van Diepen, Friedo Dekker, Nicolaus Marx, Jürgen Floege, Michael Becker, Georg Schlieper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Cardiovascular mortality is high in ESRD, partly driven by sudden cardiac death and recurrent heart failure due to uremic cardiomyopathy. We investigated whether speckle-tracking echocardiography is superior to routine echocardiography in early detection of uremic cardiomyopathy in animal models and whether it predicts cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing dialysis. Using speckle-tracking echocardiography in two rat models of uremic cardiomyopathy soon (4–6 weeks) after induction of kidney disease, we observed that global radial and circumferential strain parameters decreased significantly in both models compared with controls, whereas standard echocardiographic readouts, including fractional shortening and cardiac output, remained unchanged. Furthermore, strain parameters showed better correlations with histologic hallmarks of uremic cardiomyopathy. We then assessed echocardiographic and clinical characteristics in 171 dialysis patients. During the 2.5-year follow-up period, ejection fraction and various strain parameters were significant risk factors for cardiovascular mortality (primary end point) in a multivariate Cox model (ejection fraction hazard ratio [HR], 0.97 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.95 to 0.99; P=0.012]; peak global longitudinal strain HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07 to 1.28; P<0.001]; peak systolic and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates HRs, 4.7 [95% CI, 1.23 to 17.64; P=0.023] and 0.25 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.79; P=0.02], respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed circumferential early diastolic strain rate, among others, as an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (secondary end point; HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.74; P=0.002). Together, these data support speckle tracking as a postprocessing echocardiographic technique to detect uremic cardiomyopathy and predict cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
Underage drinking in US costs £5bn a year in medical costs
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The medical cost of underage drinking in the United States exceed $5bn (£2.7bn; €4bn) a year, a new report says.

The total societal cost is $62bn, say the authors of the report in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol (2006:67:519-28).

“Put into perspective, the total cost to society of underage drinking translates to $3 per illegal drink, of which $1 is for medical spending, property damage, work losses, and other resource costs,” write the authors, whose research was partly supported by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.

They …
Montelukast 10 mg improves nasal function and nasal response to aspirin in ASA‐sensitive asthmatics: a controlled study <i>vs</i> placebo
Authors: C. Micheletto, S. Tognella, M. Visconti, C. Pomari, F. Trevisan, R. W. Dal Negro
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Aspirin‐induced asthma (AIA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute airway reaction to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). The most recent etiological hypothesises is that an overexpression of the enzyme LTC 4 synthase occurs in AIA, with the consequent production of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes (LTs). Aim: Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Montelukast, a selective cys‐LT receptor antagonist, on nasal function, nasal reactivity to ASA and blood markers of eosinophilic inflammation in mild‐to‐moderate AIA. Material and methods: Thirty‐six nonsmoker subjects with AIA (17 males, 22–52 years) performed a nasal provocation test (NPT) with lysine‐aspirin (L‐ASA) in baseline and after a 4‐week Montelukast 10 mg or placebo treatment. Nasal function was assessed by the acoustic rhinomanometry, and they also performed a lung function test (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), and a blood sample for the eosinophil count and the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) plasma measurements. After both treatments, all subjects repeated the NPT, the lung function, and the ECP and the eosinophil blood count. Statistical analysis: t ‐Test was used to compare mean values ± SD between groups, and P &lt; 0.05 was assumed as the level for statistical significance. Results: Airway patency was never affected by the NPT with L‐ASA. In baseline, NPT with L‐ASA precipitated a nasal reaction in all subjects, with a substantial increase in nasal resistance (calculated resistance [REQ]; from 0.89 ± 0.18 to 2.2 ± 0.17 cmH 2 O/l/min in group M, P &lt; 0.001; and from 0.91 ± 0.48 to 2.3 ± 0.21 cmH 2 O/l/min in group P, P &lt; 0.001); and a significant reduction in total nasal volume in at least one nostril (volume [VOL]; from 11.1 ± 3.2 to 8.1 ± 4.1 cm 3 in the group M, P &lt; 0.001, and from 12.3 ± 4.1 to 7.9 ± 4.5 cm 3 in the group P, P &lt; 0.001). The nasal reaction to L‐ASA remained unchanged following placebo, but it was completely minimized following a 4‐week treatment with Montelukast. Also nasal function, the nasal symptom score, and the markers of eosinophilic inflammation proved significantly affected and improved by the active drug only. Conclusions: Montelukast 10 mg daily for 4 weeks, but not placebo, improves nasal function and nasal response to Aspirin substantially in ASA‐sensitive asthmatics.
A potent antiviral effect on hepatitis C viral dynamics in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells during combination therapy with high-dose daily interferon alfa plus ribavirin and intravenous twice-daily treatment with interferon beta
Authors: Yasuhiro Asahina, Namiki Izumi, Masakatsu Uchihara, Osamu Noguchi, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Kosei Hamano, Nobuhiko Kanazawa, Jun Itakura, Shozo Miyake, Takahiro Sakai
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is known to infect and replicate within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), thereby enabling the direct evaluation of antiviral mechanisms by analyzing HCV dynamics in PBMC. To address potential molecular differences associated with distinct antiviral regimens, we studied HCV dynamics in both serum and PBMC in 44 patients with HCV genotype 1b and high viral load who were randomly assigned to the following 4 different treatment groups: 1) combination therapy with 6 MU daily of interferon alfa 2b (IFN–α2b) plus 800 mg of ribavirin; 2) monotherapy with 6 MU daily of IFN–α2b; 3) monotherapy with twice–daily intravenous administration with 3MU of IFN–β; and 4) monotherapy with daily intravenous administration with 6 MU of IFN–β. HCV–RNA levels were measured serially using highly sensitive real–time detection polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HCV dynamics in both the serum and PBMC showed a “biphasic” pattern. The exponential decay slopes of the second phase were significantly higher in the combination or twice–daily dosing regimen groups compared with groups 2 or 4 (0.10 ± 0.08 vs. 0.02 ± 0.09 or 0.16 ± 0.09 vs. 0.02 ± 0.04 day -1 ; P &lt; .05 or P &lt; .0005, respectively). Moreover, the viral half–lives in the second phase were significantly shorter in these groups (73.2 ± 42.5 vs. 240.1 ± 120.7 or 56.0 ± 44.6 vs. 361.6 ± 293.5 hours; P &lt; .05 or P &lt; .05, respectively). Additionally, the slope of HCV decline in PBMC tended to be higher in the combination regimens, as compared with monotherapy. Taken together, our data on HCV dynamics provide molecular insight into utilization of combination or twice–daily dosing regimens to increase rates of sustained viral eradication of HCV.
Benactyzine as an Aid in Treatment of Anxiety States
Authors: G. R. Hargreaves, M. Hamilton, J. M. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1957)

about 19% of mice after subcutaneous injection of an extract (butyl alcohol, after extraction with benzene) of human urine, presumably from unselected persons.Dr.A. J. Lindsey allows me to say that he is examining, at the Sir John Cass College, the urine of smokers and of non-
Missense mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCB11 impair bile salt export pump processing and function or disrupt pre-messenger RNA splicing
Authors: Jane A. Byrne, Sandra S. Strautnieks, Gudrun Ihrke, Franco Pagani, A. S. Knisely, Kenneth J. Linton, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Richard J. Thompson
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract The gene encoding the human bile salt export pump (BSEP), ABCB11 , is mutated in several forms of intrahepatic cholestasis. Here we classified the majority (63) of known ABCB11 missense mutations and 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to determine whether they caused abnormal ABCB11 pre-messenger RNA splicing, abnormal processing of BSEP protein, or alterations in BSEP protein function. Using an in vitro minigene system to analyze splicing events, we found reduced wild-type splicing for 20 mutations/SNPs, with normal mRNA levels reduced to 5% or less in eight cases. The common ABCB11 missense mutation encoding D482G enhanced aberrant splicing, whereas the common SNP A1028A promoted exon skipping. Addition of exogenous splicing factors modulated several splicing defects. Of the mutants expressed in vitro in CHO-K1 cells, most appeared to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and degraded. A minority had BSEP levels similar to wild-type. The SNP variant A444 had reduced levels of protein compared with V444. Treatment with glycerol and incubation at reduced temperature overcame processing defects for several mutants, including E297G. Taurocholate transport by two assessed mutants, N490D and A570T, was reduced compared with wild-type. Conclusion: This work is a comprehensive analysis of 80% of ABCB11 missense mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms at pre-mRNA splicing and protein processing/functional levels. We show that aberrant pre-mRNA splicing occurs in a considerable number of cases, leading to reduced levels of normal mRNA. Thus, primary defects at either the protein or the mRNA level (or both) contribute significantly to BSEP deficiency. These results will help to develop mutation-specific therapies for children and adults suffering from intrahepatic cholestasis due to BSEP deficiency. (Hepatology 2008.)
Liver disease after bone marrow transplantation.
Authors: M J Farthing, M L Clark, J P Sloane, R L Powles, T J McElwain
Journal: Gut (1982)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Introduction</h3> In mid-2020, due to the health system challenges from increased COVID-19 cases, the Ministry of Health and Social Action in Senegal opted for contact management and care of simple cases at home. The study’s objective was to determine the acceptability of contact management, home care of simple cases of COVID-19, and its associated factors. <h3>Method</h3> This was a sequential mixed-method study. We collected data from June 11, 2020, to July 10, 2020, for the quantitative survey (N=813) and from August 24 to September 16, 2020, for the qualitative survey (N=30). We carried out a sampling strategy using marginal quotas at the national level. We collected data using a structured questionnaire in a telephone interview for the quantitative survey and using an interview guide formulated from the quantitative survey’s initial results for the qualitative data. We assessed acceptability using binomial logistic regression combined with content analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The care of simple cases of COVID-19 at home was well accepted (78.5%). This result was justified for some (saturation of the health system) but not for others (risk of contamination). The use of home contact management was less accepted (51.4%), with risk limitation as the main reason given. The acceptability of home-based care for simple cases was positively associated with knowledge of the modes of transmission of the virus (ORaj: 1.55 [95%CI: 1.04,2.28]), regular research into COVID-19 (ORaj: 2.12 [95%CI: 1.45,3.12]), belief in the existence of treatment (ORaj: 1.82 [95%CI: 1.19,2.83]), and confidence in institutional information (ORaj: 2.10 [95%CI: 1.43,3.10]). The acceptability of home-based contact management was positively associated with knowledge of the modes of transmission of the virus (ORaj: 1.77 [95%CI: 1.27,2.48]), regular research for information on COVID-19 (ORaj: 2.39 [95%CI: 1.76,3.26]), and confidence in the government in the fight against the epidemic (ORaj: 1.51 [95%CI: 1.10,2.08]). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Regular information on the disease, knowledge of its mode of transmission and trust in institutions are factors in accepting COVID-19 management at the community level. Authorities should take these factors into account for better communication to improve the acceptability of home-based care.
Good quality monitoring is crucial for informed choice
Authors: Paul R Brogden, Ian G Simmons
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Good quality monitoring is crucial for informed choiceEditor-In accordance with the patient choice scheme, all 303 primary care trusts in England were obliged from January 2005 to offer patients a choice of at least two providers for cataract surgery. 1 The scheme allows patients to be involved in how, where, and when they are treated.Providers can be NHS trusts, diagnostic and treatment centres, or independent sector providers from the UK or overseas.By February 2005 13 000 extra operations had already been performed under the independent sector treatment programme. 2However, concern was raised about variations in clinical safety between different providers. 3 We sent a postal questionnaire to the leaders of patient choice for each of the primary care trusts in England asking how they monitor the quality of care from their providers.The table shows the replies from 125 trusts.The quality monitoring of providers by primary care trusts is poorly structured and variable.Who then should monitor standards and what variables should they use?Traditionally, NHS providers have used audit and clinical governance to measure their performance.Should it now be the role of the Strategic Health Authority, the provider, or the purchaser in the form of primary care trusts to monitor the product offered to the patient?Information technology exists to collect accurate data about adverse events in addition to visual acuity and refractive outcomes.The public expect that safe cataract care should be commissioned for them, 4 and robust methods of monitoring need to be agreed and implemented so that patients can make a truly informed choice.These decisions need to be made not only for cataract surgery but also for other elective procedures that will increasingly be made available to patients through the patient choice scheme.
COMPARISON OF THE URINARY TRACT IN PREGNANCY AND PELVIC TUMORS
Authors: EDGAR C. BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The advent of intravenous kidney dyes has opened up additional fields of investigation. Prior to the period of the dyes, the investigation of the urinary tract in pregnancy was disturbing and possibly harmful to the patient. In consequence, comparatively few complete studies of the normal urinary tract in pregnancy were done. In the last few years, several such studies have been made. 1 These studies have disclosed certain facts which have been valuable in clinical investigation of pathologic conditions existing in pregnancy, such as pyelitis.  The study by intravenous dyes of the urinary tract in pregnancy meets ideal conditions. It is known that intravenous urography succeeds best when a certain degree of obstruction between the kidney and the bladder coexists with a fair to good excretory function of the kidneys. Such a combination of clinical circumstances is found in pregnancy. These studies have revealed a high degree of dilatation of the upper
INFUSION OF RECONSTITUTED HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN INHIBITS THE ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESION DEVELOPMENT AND IN-STENT RESTENOSIS IN HIGH FAT HIGH CHOLESTEROL-FED RABBITS
Authors: Bok-Soo Lee, Hyo Jung Ku, Seul Hee Han, Ki Yong Kim, Se Wha Kim, Dae Won Moon, Jeong Euy Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Does PERISCOPE Provide a New Perspective on Diabetic Treatment?
Authors: Philippe Gabriel Steg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin resistance: interactions between obesity and a common variant of insulin receptor substrate-1
Authors: J.O. Clausen, T. Hansen, C. Bjørbaek, S.M. Echwald, S.A. Urhammer, S. Rasmussen, C.B. Andersen, L. Hansen, K. Almind, O. Pedersen, J.O. Clausen, K. Borch-Johnsen, K. Winther, J. Haraldsdòttir
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
TINEA IMBRICATA IN A EUROPEAN: DOUBLE INFECTION WITH TRICHOPHYTON CONCENTRICUM AND TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM
Authors: DENIS SHARVILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1952)

Journal Article TINEA IMBRICATA IN A EUROPEAN: DOUBLE INFECTION WITH TRICHOPHYTON CONCENTRICUM AND TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM Get access DENIS SHARVILL, M. R. C. P. DENIS SHARVILL, M. R. C. P. Senior Registrar, Department of Dermatology, King's College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 10, 1 October 1952, Pages 373–377, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1952.tb15800.x Published: 01 October 1952
Let the patient evolution continue
Authors: D. B. Menkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Richards and colleagues make an impassioned plea for a “patient revolution” on the basis of several recognised and correctable deficits in paternalistic Western healthcare.1 A sudden vast change (http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revolution) is neither desirable nor likely, given the variability in patients’ motivation and capacity to participate in …
The Limited Value of Routine Laboratory Assessments in Severely Impaired Nursing Home Residents
Authors: David E. Kim
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the usefulness of a routine, comprehensive battery of laboratory tests in a severely impaired elderly nursing home population. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective observational survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Skilled nursing facility wards of a geriatric and extended care veterans hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Consecutive sample of 108 veterans with severe cognitive and functional impairments, who had been hospitalized at least 6 months. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Proportions of tests categorized as screening, monitoring, follow-up, or diagnostic; frequency of abnormal test results, interventions warranted and performed on the basis of these abnormalities, and beneficial or adverse effects. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 6771 individual nondiagnostic tests performed, 17.2% yielded abnormal results; of these, 33.3% were new. However, only 0.2% of tests resulted in patient benefit. Of 989 panels performed, 31.0% contained at least one abnormality, but only 1.0% of panels (10 patients) yielded any benefit. Overall usefulness was related to the purpose of the testing, with 31.5% of screening tests yielding abnormalities, compared with 45.5%, 78.2%, and 68.7% of monitoring, follow-up, and diagnostic panels, respectively (<i>P</i>&lt;.05 for each compared with screening panels). None of the screening panels detected an abnormality that led to patient benefit, compared with 1.0%, 1.4%, and 3.0% of monitoring, follow-up, and diagnostic panels. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Routine comprehensive laboratory panels may not be warranted in the most severely impaired elderly patients in long-term care settings. Discontinuing true screening tests and limiting testing strictly to monitoring, followup, or diagnostic purposes could minimize the costs of laboratory assessment without losing its potential benefits. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1447-1452)