tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulse wave propagation.
Authors: J K Li, J Melbin, R A Riffle, A Noordergraaf
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

This report evaluates pulse wave propagation with respect to contributions by vascular wall elastic and geometric properties, vessel wall and blood viscosity, and nonlinearities in system parameters and in the equations of motion. Discrepancies in results obtained with different experimental methods and theory are discussed and resolved. A three-point pressure technique was used to obtain measurements from the abdominal aorta, carotid, iliac, and femoral arteries of dogs. Computations involved linear, as well as nonlinear methods. Results are presented along a continuous path of transmission (abdominal aorta, iliac, femoral), and it is shown that variations in phase velocity can be explained entirely by the geometric variation of these vessels. Phase velocities are shown to be frequency independent at approximately greater than 4 Hz whereas attenuation increases progressively for higher frequencies. Determination of propagation coefficients using maximal, compounded values of reported viscoelastic and geometric properties just manages to span the range of phase velocities, determined in different laboratories, but does not do so for attenuation. Also, differences in experimental techniques cannot explain these discrepancies. Consideration of geometric taper, nonlinear compliance, all the terms in the equation of motion, and the effect of wall and blood viscosity resolves discrepancies between theoretical and experimentally derived phenomena.
Underrepresentation of Renal Disease in Randomized Controlled Trials of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Steven G. Coca, Harlan M. Krumholz, Amit X. Garg, Chirag R. Parikh
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Patients with renal disease are at high risk for cardiovascular mortality. Determining which interventions best offset this risk remains a health priority. To quantify the representation of patients with renal disease in randomized controlled trials for interventions proven efficacious for cardiovascular disease. We searched MEDLINE for trials published from 1985 through 2005 in 11 major medical and subspecialty journals. Randomized controlled trials for chronic congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction of treatments that are currently listed as class I or II recommendations in the current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines were included. Two reviewers independently abstracted data on study and patient characteristics, renal measurements, outcomes, and prognostic features. A total of 153 trials were reviewed. Patients with renal disease were reported as excluded in 86 (56%) trials. Patients with renal disease were more likely to be excluded from trials that were multicenter; of moderate enrollment size; North American; that tested renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists and anticoagulants; and that tested chronic congestive heart failure. Only 8 (5%) original articles reported the proportion of enrolled patients with renal disease, and only 15 (10%) reported mean baseline renal function. While 81 (53%) trials performed subgroup analyses of some baseline characteristic in the original article, only 4 (3%) subgroup analyses of treatment stratified by renal disease were performed. Major cardiovascular disease trials frequently exclude patients with renal disease and do not provide adequate information on the renal function of enrollees or the effect of interventions on patients with renal disease.
Ribavirin potentiates interferon action by augmenting interferon-stimulated gene induction in hepatitis C virus cell culture models
Authors: Emmanuel Thomas, Jordan J. Feld, Qisheng Li, Zongyi Hu, Michael W. Fried, Jake T. Liang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin is the standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Our recent clinical study suggests that ribavirin augments the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in patients treated for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In order to further characterize the mechanisms of action of ribavirin, we examined the effect of ribavirin treatment on ISG induction in cell culture. In addition, the effect of ribavirin on infectious HCV cell culture systems was studied. Similar to interferon (IFN)-α, ribavirin potently inhibits JFH-1 infection of Huh7.5.1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, which spans the physiological concentration of ribavirin in vivo . Microarray analysis and subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that ribavirin treatment resulted in the induction of a distinct set of ISGs. These ISGs, including IFN regulatory factors 7 and 9, are known to play an important role in anti-HCV responses. When ribavirin is used in conjunction with IFN-α, induction of specific ISGs is synergistic when compared with either drug applied separately. Direct up-regulation of these antiviral genes by ribavirin is mediated by a novel mechanism different from those associated with IFN signaling and intracellular double-stranded RNA sensing pathways such as RIG-I and MDA5. RNA interference studies excluded the activation of the Toll-like receptor and nuclear factor κB pathways in the action of ribavirin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that ribavirin, acting by way of a novel innate mechanism, potentiates the anti-HCV effect of IFN. Understanding the mechanism of action of ribavirin would be valuable in identifying novel antivirals (Hepatology 2011.)
Secondary failure of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation using the Monnal D: effects of changing ventilator
Authors: I. E. Smith, J. M. Shneerson
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Some patients started on nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) with the Monnal D ventilator deteriorate after a period. The effects of changing them to the Nippy ventilator were investigated. METHODS: The records of such patients were examined retrospectively. Comparisons were made between blood gas tensions and overnight oximetry records before NIPPV, 12 weeks after the initiation of NIPPV with the Monnal D, at the time of deterioration, and 12 weeks after initiation of treatment with the Nippy ventilator. RESULTS: Ten patients (seven women) were identified. Prior to starting NIPPV their mean (SD) age was 59.6 (8.39) years and their mean arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PaO2 and PaCO2) while breathing air were 6.1 (1.79) and 9.6 (3.28) kPa, respectively. All were started on NIPPV with the Monnal D with improvements in symptoms, PaO2, PaCO2, and overnight oximetry after 12 weeks of treatment. After a mean interval of 118 (69.0) weeks all measures of ventilation had deteriorated and the patients were converted to the Nippy ventilator. Twelve weeks after initiation of treatment with the Nippy ventilator symptoms and overnight oximetry were improved again and the mean PaO2 and PaCO2 were 8.9 (1.27) and 6.9 (0.45) kPa, respectively. After a total mean period of 59 (26.9) weeks on the Nippy all but one of the patients have maintained this improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Support with NIPPV using the Monnal D ventilator may fail after an interval and changing to the Nippy ventilator can reverse this deterioration, probably because of its superior responsiveness to leaks and patient effort. The regular follow up of patients on long term NIPPV is necessary if secondary treatment failure is to be identified and effectively treated.
A Personal Experience with Diverticulitis of the Sigmoid*
Authors: F. M. POTTENGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 April 1931A Personal Experience with Diverticulitis of the Sigmoid(A Study in Visceral Neurology)F. M. POTTENGER, M.D.F. M. POTTENGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-10-1295 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMy apology for detailing this personal experience is that it has furnished an unusual opportunity to apply the facts of visceral neurology to the study of the various symptoms, particularly the reflexes which may be caused by an inflammatory lesion in the colon and sigmoid. I did not have to take the indefinite answers of patients which often fail to convey the correct impression and which are difficult for the physician to interpret, but, furnished the answers myself, as they were manifested in my own body and perceived by myself.When I came home from work in the evening of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Monrovia, California*Read at the meeting of American Therapeutic Society, Detroit, Michigan, June 20-21, 1930. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1931Volume 4, Issue 10Page: 1295-1307KeywordsColonDiverticulitisLesionsNeurologyReflexes Issue Published: 1 April 1931 PDF DownloadLoading ...
P3-248: Bulla formation in the residual lung is a predictor of contralateral pneumothorax after pneumonectomy, not depending on postoperative mediastinal shift
Authors: Tomohiro Maniwa, Yukihito Saito, Hiroyuki Kaneda, Kenichiro Minami, Hiroji Imamura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Government phases NHS doctors' pay award
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The government has decided that the pay increases recommended for NHS doctors should be phased. The Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration last week recommended an increase of 3.8%; most doctors will receive 2.8% from 1 April and 1% from 1 December.

The review body concluded that for most groups pay was broadly in line with comparable professions, but it recommended higher awards for doctors in the training grades. The increases will range from 5.3% for registrars and senior registrars to 6.8% for house officers and senior house officers. If the salaries were not phased this would give a scale from pounds sterling14880 at the bottom of the house officer grade to pounds sterling30260 at the top of the …
Renal excretion of fluoride in renal failure and after renal transplantation.
Authors: V Parsons, A A Choudhury, J A Wass, A Vernon
Journal: BMJ (1975)

We have compared the renal excretion of fluoride in a variety of patients with chronic renal failure maintained with and without protein restriction before and during regular dialysis treatment and after transplantation. The patients tended to continue to excrete normal dietary loads of fluoride quite well until renal function was seriously reduced. From a regression of function on excretion the mean level of creatinine clearance when a normal dietary load of fluoride 0.0526 plus or minus 0.019 mmol/2 h (1.0 plus or minus 0.36 mg/24h) has a 90% chance of being excreted lies around 16 ml/min, a level when most patients with renal failure will be symptomatic. Acute loading of such patients with additional fluoride in the form of sodium fluoride from 40 mg to 60 mg/day showed a twofold to threefold increase of serum fluoride concentrations, slight increases in urinary fluoride excretion, and heavy tissue absorption, suggesting that prior fluoride loading of the skeleton had not taken place. These effects contrasted with those in one patient with normal renal function and with those in one patient with skeletal saturation due to prolonged loading. After renal transplantation fluoride excretion increased but reached normal levels within three months of satisfactory function, suggesting that fluoride loading in renal failure and during regular dialysis therapy had not been excessive.
Abstract 513: Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity down-regulates urokinase plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in gastric cancer cell lines
Authors: Kyung Hee Lee, Min Kyung Kim, Jae Ryong Kim, Sang Woon Kim, Sun Kyo Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Histone acetylation plays an important role in chromatin remodeling and gene expression. An imbalance of this reaction leads to aberrant behavior of cells in the cell cycle, i.e., carcinogenesis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been shown to have anti-tumor effects in clinical trials. However, the exact mechanisms by which HDAC inhibitors exert anti-tumor effects and modulate gene expression are not completely understood, and thus remain a subject of intense investigation. In the current study, we determined whether HDACs regulate urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and tumor invasion. Using cDNA microarray analysis, we showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced HDAC-5 expression in both gastric cancer cell lines. TSA, a HDAC inhibitor, decreased HGF-induced HADC-5 expression and also repressed uPA and MMP-9 expression. We confirmed these results using HDAC-5 gene overexpressing cell lines. The number of viable cells in the cultures with or without TSA treatment was determined by the MTT assay. TSA inhibited cell proliferation in both cell lines. We characterized the effects of TSA on MMP-9-mediated proteolysis as assessed by zymography. In vitro Matrigel invasion assays showed that the HDAC inhibitor resulted in a significant decrease in cancer cell invasion. Furthermore, Gö6976, a PKC inhibitor, significantly inhibited HGF-induced HDAC-5 expression and invasion. These results demonstrated that HDACs regulate HGF-induced uPA and MMP-9 expression of gastric cancer cells, and the PKC pathway may play an important role in HGF-mediated cell invasion in gastric cancer cells, suggesting that such activities serve as anti-tumor mechanisms of the HDAC inhibitor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 513.
Accelerated Thrombolysis for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Ido Weinberg, Michael R. Jaff
Journal: Circulation (2013)

][6] For patients with submassive PE, selected guidelines suggest considering systemic thrombolysis in a limited population of patients with PE, 4,5 whereas others recommend against its use in these patients. 6Recently, several studies have addressed thrombolytic therapy in patients with submassive PE.The Pulmonary Embolism International Thrombolysis (PEITHO) trial reported a substantial reduction in the combined endpoint of early mortality or hemodynamic collapse in patients receiving systemic thrombolysis (compared with heparin alone) at the expense of a significant increase in major hemorrhage (including intracranial hemorrhage).This was particularly evident among elderly patients aged >75 years. 7In the much smaller Tenecteplase or Placebo: Cardiopulmonary Outcomes At Three Months (TOPCOAT) study, which was terminated prematurely, the composite primary outcome (5-day survival to hospital discharge without shock, intubation, or major hemorrhage; 90-day rate of normal right ventricular function, 6-minute walk distance >330 m, no dyspnea at rest, and no recurrent PE or deep vein thrombosis) was positive in the patients randomized to thrombolysis compared with the low-molecular-weight heparin patients. 8Another small study comparing thrombolytic therapy with heparin alone demonstrated a decrease in the composite endpoint of death, recurrent venous thromboembolism, right ventricular dysfunction, and major hemorrhage at 6 months in the group randomized to thrombolytic therapy. 9In the Moderate Pulmonary Embolism Treated with Thrombolysis (MOPPETT) trial, half-dose systemic thrombolytic therapy resulted in longterm reduction in the incidence of pulmonary hypertension compared with anticoagulation alone without excess bleeding. 10
Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives.
Authors: M H Briggs, M Briggs
Journal: BMJ (1973)

To determine the comparative metabolic effects of ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel in oral contraceptive preparations 45 women were administered these steroids in differing combinations for 21 days after which plasma protein levels were  determined from blood samples.  11 women received .05 mg ethinyl estradiol alone daily and 15 received .25 mg d-norgestrel with it daily; 9 women received .03 mg ethinyl estrodiol daily and 10 women received .25 mg of d-norgestrel with it daily.  The presence of norgestrel was found to significantly reduce the increased plasma protein concentration that results from estrogen administration (p less than .001).  No significant difference was found between the .03- and .05-mg ethinyl estradiol doses in their effects in plasma protein levels with or without the norgestrel.
Intra-articular treatments in osteoarthritis: from the symptomatic to the structure modifying
Authors: L Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

The symptomatic and structural efficacy of intra-articular (IA) injections is reviewed. IA corticosteroid injections are rapidly effective, but their symptomatic benefit is short lived. Hyaluronan has delayed onset of efficacy but its benefit for pain may be longer lasting. Lavage and debridement are probably not as efficacious as once thought in osteoarthritis.
1011 MALIGNANT GRADING SYSTEM FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA USING THE CONTRAST ENHANCED AGENT FOR ULTRASONOGRAPHY “SONAZOID”
Authors: H. Tanaka, H. Iijima, T. Takashima, Y. Sakai, N. Aizawa, N. Ikeda, Y. Iwata, H. Enomoto, M. Saito, S. Shimomura, Y. Iimuro, J. Fujimoto, S. Hirota, T. Tsujimura, S. Nishiguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Prognostic Value of Multislice Computed Tomography and Gated Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jacob M. van Werkhoven, Joanne D. Schuijf, Oliver Gaemperli, J. Wouter Jukema, Eric Boersma, William Wijns, Paul Stolzmann, Hatem Alkadhi, Ines Valenta, Marcel P.M. Stokkel, Lucia J. Kroft, Albert de Roos, Gabija Pundziute, Arthur Scholte, Ernst E. van der Wall, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
A 31-Year-Old Woman With Cough, Hemoptysis, and Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy
Authors: Larry Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>History</h3> A 31-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital because of a nonproductive, progressively severe cough of six weeks' duration and hemoptysis of two weeks' duration. Treatment with penicillin V potassium, cephalexin monohydrate, and erythromycin sterate was ineffective. Radiological studies of the chest two weeks before admission showed early bilateral hilar adenopathy. Four days before admission, notable polyarthralgias and diffuse myalgias developed. Chest roentgenograms on admission, including plain film tomograms, showed a considerable increase in the hilar adenopathy but with no pulmonary infiltrates (Figure). The patient's history was unremarkable except for a single bout of transient pleuritis of unknown cause three years previously. Physical examination showed no abnormalities and specifically no peripheral lymphadenopathy. Results from multiple sputum smears and cultures were negative. The patient was anergic to PPD and control skin tests. Pulmonary function studies disclosed a first-second vital capacity (FEV<sub>1</sub>), a vital capacity, and diffusing capacity all
Detection of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule–1 in chronic liver diseases
Authors: David H. Adams, Elizabeth Mainolfi, Patrizia Burra, James M. Neuberger, Reuben Ayres, Elwyn Elias, Robert Rothlein
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The leucocyte adhesion molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is induced on bile ducts in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis and may be involved in targeting immune damage to these structures. It has recently been reported that, when activated, in vitro lymphocytes release a soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 that can also be detected in human serum. Because it is functionally active, this circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 might play a role in regulating inflammation by blocking adhesion. We used an enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay to detect circulating intercellular adhesion molecule–1 in the serum of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Levels of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were markedly elevated in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis when compared with other chronic liver diseases. Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is probably derived from activated lymphocytes rather than from bile ducts because biliary epithelial cells from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis did not release circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 when stimulated to express the membrane–bound molecule in vitro . These studies are the first to demonstrate circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in chronic inflammatory diseases that are characterized by strong tissue expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and as such suggest a potential immunoregulatory role for circulating adhesion molecules. The very high levels detected in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis probably reflect lymphocyte activation, which is further evidence of immune pathogeneses for these diseases. (Hepatology 1992;16:810-814.)
Osteoporosis and its management
Authors: Kenneth E S Poole, Juliet E Compston
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Fractures caused by osteoporosis affect one in two women and one in five men over the age of 50, resulting in an estimated annual cost to the health services of around £1.8bn (€2.7bn; $3.5bn) in the United Kingdom and €30bn in all of Europe. 1 2 Most patients with osteoporosis are managed in primary care, but a minority will benefit from referral to specialised centres.In recent years considerable advances have been made both in the identification of people at high risk of fracture and in therapeutic options to reduce the risk of fracture.This review focuses on these areas and also on the partnership that is required between primary and secondary care to optimise the management of patients with osteoporosis.
Comparative analysis of antibody and cell-mediated autoimmunity to transaldolase and myelin basic protein in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Authors: E Colombo, K Banki, A H Tatum, J Daucher, P Ferrante, R S Murray, P E Phillips, A Perl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses to oligodendroglial autoantigens transaldolase (TAL) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were examined in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Immunohistochemical studies of postmortem brain sections revealed decreased staining by MBP- and TAL-specific antibodies in MS plaques, indicating a concurrent loss of these antigens from demyelination sites. By Western blot high titer antibodies to human recombinant TAL were found in 29/94 sera and 16/23 cerebrospinal fluid samples from MS patients. Antibodies to MBP were undetectable in sera or cerebrospinal fluid of these MS patients. Proliferative responses to human recombinant TAL (stimulation index [SI] = 2.47+/-0.3) were significantly increased in comparison to MBP in 25 patients with MS (SI = 1.37+/-0.1; P < 0.01). After a 7-d stimulation of PBL, utilization of any of 24 different T cell receptor Vbeta gene segments in response to MBP was increased less than twofold in the two control donors and six MS patients investigated. In response to TAL-H, while skewing of individual Vbeta genes was also less than twofold in healthy controls, usage of specific Vbeta gene segments was differentially increased ranging from 2.5 to 65.9-fold in patients with MS. The results suggest that TAL may be a more potent immunogen than MBP in MS.
Collective terms for doctors
Authors: S. Pai
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Why is it that you can see a pride of lions, a murder of crows, a parliament of owls, and other such delightful collective terms, but only a boring crowd of journalists, historians, and doctors? In fact, one uses the same collective term, “crowd,” for all sorts of doctors.

I propose a new set of collective terms for doctors. This list is a rather subjective choice, but I have tried to use terms appropriate to each …