tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Responsibility and Thermonuclear War
Authors: CHRISTINE CASSEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The attention of physicians is being drawn to the issue of nuclear weapons and nuclear war, creating controversy about whether a political concern is appropriate for health care professionals. The use of nuclear weapons would incur human death and injury on a scale both unprecedented and unimaginable, and possibly damage the ecosphere far beyond the weapons' immediate effects. Medical supplies and facilities would be nonexistent; no meaningful medical response would be possible. A physician's responsibility to prevent nuclear war is based on the imperative to prevent a devastating incurable disease that cannot be treated. Such an imperative is consistent with the historic tradition of the social responsibility of health professionals, and can be justified by philosophical argument.
SHOULD WE ANTICOAGULATE PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE WITHOUT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION? INSIGHTS FROM THE BETA-BLOCKER EVALUATION OF SURVIVAL TRIAL (BEST)
Authors: Marjan U. Mujib, Mustafa I. Ahmed, Wilbert S. Aronow, Prakash Deedwania, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Censura et Cavilla
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The dispute between Drs. Conlon and Trimble (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:253 [Oct 19] 1964) seems to be what is expressed so characteristically in German as a dispute about the emperor's beard (<i>ein Streit um des Kaisers Bart</i>). The sudden switching from Hebrew to Aramaic in the book of Daniel is rather unexplained. At any rate the fact that Aramaic is used does not mean that the words "Mene Mene Tekel Upharsin" are Aramaic. In fact they are the Assyrian-Babylonian names of some weights and they represent no quotation in any language. Daniel is reputed to have explained them poetically after the other seers failed to make any sense out of the<i>Buchstaben von Feuer an weisser</i><i>Wand</i>(as Heine expresses it). Pari passu it might be mentioned that Belshazzar was not a descendent of Nebuchadnezzar, nor was he king as he is so often called.
Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma
Authors: Pawel Muranski, Andrea Boni, Paul A. Antony, Lydie Cassard, Kari R. Irvine, Andrew Kaiser, Chrystal M. Paulos, Douglas C. Palmer, Christopher E. Touloukian, Krzysztof Ptak, Luca Gattinoni, Claudia Wrzesinski, Christian S. Hinrichs, Keith W. Kerstann, Lionel Feigenbaum, Chi-Chao Chan, Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Blood (2008)
Coagulation and Adulteration — Building on Science and Policy Lessons from 1905
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Interview with Janet Woodcock on the contaminated heparin from China and the role of the FDA. (07:30)Download It's always instructive and often painful to contrast the impressive development of medical science with the more fitful evolution of health policy. The former marches forward more or less systematically; well-developed rules of evidence determine what works, and practical methods build on established facts and test new paradigms. Data and concepts proven true are rarely discarded or forgotten.Not so with health policy. Although the field's evaluation tools can be rigorous, in practice what is proclaimed “true” often depends on who's doing the proclaiming and whose interests are being represented. As a result, though medical science has progressed fairly steadily, . . .
2012 ACCF/AHA/ACR/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM/SVN/SVS Key Data Elements and Definitions for Peripheral Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Authors: Mark A. Creager, Michael Belkin, Edward I. Bluth, Donald E. Casey, Seemant Chaturvedi, Michael D. Dake, Jerome L. Fleg, Alan T. Hirsch, Michael R. Jaff, John A. Kern, David J. Malenka, Edward T. Martin, Emile R. Mohler, Timothy Murphy, Jeffrey W. Olin, Judith G. Regensteiner, Robert H. Rosenwasser, Peter Sheehan, Kerry J. Stewart, Diane Treat-Jacobson, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Christopher J. White, Jack A. Ziffer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Measurement of the serum tumor marker neuron-specific enolase in patients with benign pulmonary diseases.
Authors: J Collazos, C Esteban, A Fernández, J Genollá
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Serum concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured in 135 patients with benign pulmonary diseases who also underwent a clinical, laboratory, and radiologic evaluation. Eleven percent of the patients as a whole and 27.3% of those who were tuberculous had abnormal serum levels of NSE. Significant differences in NSE levels were observed among the six diagnostic groups evaluated (p = 0.002). Males had higher levels than females (p = 0.003), and patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had higher NSE levels than those not infected (p = 0.0026). Patients with alveolar infiltrates or an interstitial pattern on chest X-ray had higher NSE levels than those with normal radiographs (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01, respectively). In fact, only 3.6% of the patients with normal radiographs had above-normal levels of NSE. Direct damage to the neural or neuroendocrine lung cells or some degree of local hypoxia is likely to play a role in the increase in NSE in these patients. The small number and degree of abnormal values of NSE observed in this study make it unlikely that an underlying benign lung disease will substantially modify the interpretation of an increased NSE value in patients with lung cancer. However, care should be taken in interpreting a moderately abnormal NSE value in the cancer patient in the presence of lung infiltrates such as obstructive pneumonitis.
Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: H. A. Sorensen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers p 807 

A decade ago, Broadus reviewed the historical data on the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism.1 Previously renal stone disease was recognised to be a far more frequent complication than bone disease—about half the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical series published through the 1970s presented with renal stones.1 Modern diagnostic tools for recognising hypercalcaemia and serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone have had a dramatic impact on the frequency with which primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed, especially in older people with non-specific symptoms of the disease. Renal stone disease is considered a less frequent complication by some investigators, 2 3 although others have reported that up to 75% of patients undergoing surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism present with nephrolithiasis.4 Now, a study by Mollerup et al in this issue …
Expansion of pre-existing, lymph node-localized CD8+ T cells during supervised treatment interruptions in chronic HIV-1 infection
Authors: Marcus Altfeld, Jan van Lunzen, Nicole Frahm, Xu G. Yu, Claus Schneider, Robert L. Eldridge, Margaret E. Feeney, Dirk Meyer-Olson, Hans-Juergen Stellbrink, Bruce D. Walker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

To date, most studies have focused on the characterization of HIV-1–specific cellular immune responses in the peripheral blood (PB) of infected individuals. Much less is known about the comparative magnitude and breadth of responses in the lymphoid tissue. This study analyzed HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cell responses simultaneously in PB and lymph nodes (LNs) of persons with chronic HIV-1 infection and assessed the dynamics of these responses during antiretroviral treatment and supervised treatment interruption (STI). In untreated chronic infection, the magnitude of epitope-specific CD8+ T cell activity was significantly higher in LNs than in PB. Responses decreased in both compartments during highly active antiretroviral therapy, but this decline was more pronounced in PB. During STI, HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cell responses in PB increased significantly. Enhancement in breadth and magnitude was largely due to the expansion of pre-existing responses in the LNs, with new epitopes infrequently targeted. Taken together, these data demonstrate that HIV-1–specific CD8+ T cells are preferentially located in the LNs, with a subset of responses exclusively detectable in this compartment. Furthermore, the enhanced CD8+ T cell responses observed during STI in chronically infected individuals is largely due to expansion of pre-existing virus-specific CD8+ T cells, rather than the induction of novel responses.
Tissue regeneration in vivo within recombinant spidroin 1 scaffolds. Biomaterials
Authors: M. Moisenovich, O. Pustovalova, J. Shackelford, T. Vasiljeva, T. Druzhinina, Y. Kamenchuk, V. Guzeev, O. Sokolova, V. Bogush, V. Debabov, M. Kirpichnikov, Agapov
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Neurobiological approaches to language: Falsehoods and fallacies
Authors: Yosef Grodzinsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The conclusion that language is not really innate or modular is based on several fallacies. I show that the target article confuses communicative skills with linguistic abilities, and that its discussion of brain/language relations is replete with factual errors. I also criticize its attempt to contrast biological and linguistic principles. Finally, I argue that no case is made for the “alternative” approach proposed here.
Eyelid lumps and lesions
Authors: A. Gupta, S. Stacey, K. N. Amissah-Arthur
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 65 year old roofer presents to his GP with a slow growing lower lid lump of several months duration. It is not tender but there is involvement of his lid margin.

Eyelid lumps have a variety of causes, ranging from innocuous cysts to malignant lesions. Although sinister pathology is rare, early identification and referral are essential to ensure a good outcome.

### History

Is it chronic? —Chronic lesions include papillomas (viral warts), naevi, sebaceous cysts, and molluscum contagiosum. These all have the same appearance as elsewhere on the body. Molluscum near the lid margin can cause a persistent follicular conjunctivitis.

Chalazia (figure 1⇓) are the commonest chronic eyelid lumps. They are caused by a blocked meibomian gland. Chalazia are entirely benign; however, it is important to be suspicious of a recurrent chalazion in the same position as this might represent a malignancy.



Fig 1 Lower lid chalazion of the left eye. The lid margin is not distorted and there is no madarosis (loss of eyelashes), suggesting a non-sinister lesion



Is it tender?— Tender eyelid lumps and lesions are often acute and associated with infection. Hordeolum externum (a stye) arises from a staphylococcal infection of a lash follicle, presenting as a tender, erythematous, pus filled lesion near the eyelid margin. Hordeolum internum (an infected chalazion, figure 2⇓) presents similarly, but is located away from the lid margin.



Fig 2 Left upper lid internal hordeolum with limited cellulitis



Dacryocystitis (figure 3⇓), an infection of the lacrimal sac caused by a blocked nasolacrimal duct, is another periocular tender swelling. It is located beneath …
Elevated calpain activity in acute myelogenous leukemia correlates with decreased calpastatin expression
Authors: M Niapour, C Farr, M Minden, S A Berger
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Calpains are intracellular cysteine proteases that have crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes. Elevated calpain activity has been associated with many pathological states. Calpain inhibition can be protective or lethal depending on the context. Previous work has shown that c-myc transformation regulates calpain activity by suppressing calpastatin, the endogenous negative regulator of calpain. Here, we have investigated calpain activity in primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blast cells. Calpain activity was heterogeneous and greatly elevated over a wide range in AML blast cells, with no correlation to FAB classification. Activity was particularly elevated in the CD34+CD38- enriched fraction compared with the CD34+CD38+ fraction. Treatment of the cells with the specific calpain inhibitor, PD150606, induced significant apoptosis in AML blast cells but not in normal equivalent cells. Sensitivity to calpain inhibition correlated with calpain activity and preferentially targeted CD34+CD38- cells. There was no correlation between calpain activity and p-ERK levels, suggesting the ras pathway may not be a major contributor to calpain activity in AML. A significant negative correlation existed between calpain activity and calpastatin, suggesting calpastatin is the major regulator of activity in these cells. Analysis of previously published microarray data from a variety of AML patients demonstrated a significant negative correlation between calpastatin and c-myc expression. Patients who achieved a complete remission had significantly lower calpain activity than those who had no response to treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate elevated calpain activity in AML, anti-leukemic activity of calpain inhibition and prognostic potential of calpain activity measurement.
Emotional Disturbance Related to T-Group Experience
Authors: FRANCIS J. KANE, CHARLES D. WALLACE, MORRIS A. LIPTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors conducted a survey to see if adverse reactions to participation in T-groups were seen by psychiatrists in clinical practice. Thirty-one percent of those surveyed reported seeing patients with reactions. Informed consent, screening, limit setting, and follow-up were lacking in many cases, and the professional affiliations of the group leaders were uncertain. These data suggest that patients should be cautioned about participation in T-groups.
Multifunctional pH-sensitive superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanocomposites for targeted drug delivery and MR imaging
Authors: Lijuan Zhu, Dali Wang, Xuan Wei, Xinyuan Zhu, Jianqi Li, Chunlai Tu, Yue Su, Jieli Wu, Bangshang Zhu, Deyue Yan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
High serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine levels in the lymphocytic variant of the hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Aurore de Lavareille, Florence Roufosse, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Anne-Sophie Roumier, L. Schandené, Elie Cogan, Hans-Uwe Simon, Michel Goldman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
111Indium labeling of hepatocytes for analysis of short-term biodistribution of transplanted cells
Authors: Sanjeev Gupta, Chang-Don Lee, Ravikumar P. Vemuru, Kuldeep K. Bhargava
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatocyte transplantation is useful for ex vivo gene therapy and liver repopulation. Methods for hepatic reconstitution have recently been developed but optimization of hepatocyte transplantation systems is necessary. To develop systems for noninvasive assessment of the biodistribution of transplanted cells, we labeled hepatocytes with 111 indium-oxine. Our initial studies showed that hepatocytes incorporated 111 indium-oxine with an efficiency of approximately 20%. After labeling, cell viability was unchanged and 111 indium was present in hepatocytes after overnight culture, as well as after intrasplenic transplantation. Transplanted cells were successfully localized by means of scintigraphic imaging. The scintigraphic patterns of cell distribution were different when hepatocytes were transplanted by means of either spleen or internal jugular vein, which deposit cells into separate vascular beds. Quantitative analysis of the biodistribution of 111 indium-labeled hepatocytes indicated that within 2 hr of intrasplenic transplantation, cells were predominantly localized in liver and spleen, and occasionally in lungs. To determine whether the rate of intrasplenic cell injection influenced translocation of hepatocytes, we transplanted cells in normal rats. Despite intrasplenic cell injection at a variety of rates, organ-specific distribution of 111 indium-labeled hepatocytes remained unchanged. Labeling with 111 indium did not affect long-term survival of transplanted hepatocytes. These results indicate that 111 indium-labeling of hepatocytes should greatly assist noninvasive analysis in the short-term of the biodistribution of transplanted hepatocytes. (Hepatology 1994;19:750-757).
Identification, assessment, and management of overweight and obesity: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: H. Stegenga, A. Haines, K. Jones, J. Wilding
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### The bottom line

Overweight and obesity lead to serious health and social difficulties. In the United Kingdom, the prevalence of obesity rose from 6% of men and 8% of women in 1980 to 24% of men and 25% of women in 2012.1 2 Severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) >40), which was rare in 1980, now affects 2.4% of the population.2 In 2012, about three in 10 children aged 2-15 years were overweight or obese. Obesity related illnesses include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnoea, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.3 Obesity also increases the risk for many common cancers3 and contributes to psychological and psychiatric morbidity.4 The treatment of obesity can be challenging and requires multicomponent weight management programmes; however, existing service provision is varied and often limited.5

Newly available evidence on very low calorie diets and on the effectiveness of bariatric surgery in people with recent onset type 2 diabetes and a lack of clear guidance on follow-up after bariatric surgery have led to the need to revise the original National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline from 2006.6 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from NICE (CG189).7

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development …
THE IMPORTANCE OF MEDICAL ORGANIZATION IN SECURING AND ENFORCING MEDICAL LAWS.
Authors: T. J. HAPPEL
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Repeated efforts to secure medical legislation in Tennessee had failed up to 1889. Our state society had time and again adopted resolutions commending medical legislation as a thing to be desired—an end to be attained—had gone so far as to approve the outlines of a medical act presented, and had appointed a committee to look after the matter at the next meeting of the legislature, even allowing the individual members to expend money (their own) if they so desired, to secure the passage of some act. I say permitting them to spend their own money if they saw fit, as no appropriation was ever made to aid the laudable purpose. Failure after failure was the result of such procedures. It must be remembered, however, that at that time (in the 80's) the Tennessee State Medical Society had a membership of less than 300, the larger percentage of those carried on
Erk/MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway and Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yuhchyau Chen, Irena Nowak, Jiaoti Huang, Peter C. Keng, Hongliang Sun, Haodong Xu, Gang Wei, Soo Ok Lee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
The role of iron in the pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda. II. Inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.
Authors: J P Kushner, D P Steinmuller, G R Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Porphria cutanea tarda is characterized biochemically by excessive hepatic synthesis and urinary excretion of uroporphyrin I and 7-carboxylporphyrins. This pattern of excretion suggest an impaired ability to decarboxylate uroporphyrinogen to the paired ability to decarboxylate uroporphyringen to the 4-carboxyl porphyrinogen, coproporphyrinogen, a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme uroporphyringen decarboxylase. Because clinical evidence has implicated iron in the pathogenesis of porphyria cutanea tarda, these experiments were designed to study the effect of iron on uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in procine crude liver extracts. Mitochondria-free crude liver extracts were preincubated with ferrous ion and aliquots were assayed for uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity. Uroporphyrinogens I and III, the substrates for the decarboxylase assay, were prepared enzymatically from (3H)porphobilinogen. The products of the decarboxylase reaction were identified and quantitated by three methods: (a) extraction into 1.5 N HCl and spectrophotometric quantitation; (b) adsorption onto talc, esterification, paper chromatographic identification, and quantitation by liquid scintillation counting; and (c) adsorption onto talc, esterification, thin-layer chromatographic identification on silica gel, and quantitation by liquid scintillation counting. The thin-layer scinllation method proved most sensitive as it was the only method which accurately identified and quantitated the 7-carboxyl porphyrin reaction product. Uroporphyrinogens I and III were decarboxylated at the same rate by porcine hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, and the addition of iron induced marked inhibition of the decarboxylase activity. Ortholpehanthroline blocked the inhibitory effect of iron. The inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase by ferrous ion, coupled with its previously reported inhibitory effect on uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase, provides a possible biochemical explanation for the pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion observed in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and the clinical association with disordered iron metabolism.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase by PDGF is dependent on Ras in human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Vinicio Carloni, Massimo Pinzani, Sabrina Giusti, Roberto G. Romanelli, Maurizio Parola, Giorgio Bellomo, Paola Failli, Andrew D. Hamilton, Said M. Sebti, Giacomo Laffi, Paolo Gentilini
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a widely expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase found in focal adhesions. FAK has been indicated as a point of convergence of other signaling pathways including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, and recently, FAK tyrosine phosphorylation has been shown to be stimulated by PDGF. In the present study we assessed the role of Ras as a possible intermediate protein regulating PDGF-induced FAK tyrosine phosphorylation in human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), liver-specific pericytes primarily involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. For this purpose, cells were first subjected to retroviral-mediated gene transfer with a dominant-negative mutant of Ras (N17Ras). This resulted in a marked inhibition of PDGF-induced FAK tyrosine phosphorylation together with the expected reduction of PDGF-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity (ERK). Afterward, the effects of pharmacological agents potentially affecting Ras isoprenylation were evaluated. PDGF-induced FAK tyrosine phosphorylation, ERK activity and intracellular calcium increase, as well as the biological effects of this growth factor, ( i.e. , mitogenesis and cell migration) were effectively blocked by GGTI-298, an inhibitor of geranylgeranyltransferase I. Inhibition of Ras processing obtained with FTI-277, an inhibitor of farnesyltransferase, resulted in detectable effects only at high doses. Taken together, these results establish that Ras operates as a protein-linking PDGF-β receptor to FAK in human HSCs, and that signaling molecules requiring geranylgeranylation may also be involved in this process.
Arterial lesions of the lower lip
Authors: A. Frumkin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Arterial lesions of the lower lip Get access A. Frumkin A. Frumkin Department of Dermatology, The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 2, 1 August 1986, Pages 254–255, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05734.x Published: 01 August 1986