tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Periodontal risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning
Authors: Bruce L. Pihlstrom
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2001)

The prevention and treatment of the periodontal diseases is based on accurate diagnosis, reduction or elimination of causative agents, risk management and correction of the harmful effects of disease. Prominent and confirmed risk factors or risk predictors for periodontitis in adults include smoking, diabetes, race, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, low education, infrequent dental attendance and genetic influences. Several other specific periodontal bacteria, herpesviruses, increased age, male, sex, depression, race, traumatic occlusion and female osteoporosis in the presence of heavy dental calculus have been shown to be associated with loss of periodontal support and can be considered to be risk indicators of periodontitis. The presence of furcation involvement, tooth mobility, and a parafunctional habit without the use of a biteguard are associated with a poorer periodontal prognosis following periodontal therapy. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a thorough evaluation of data that have been systematically collected by: 1) patient interview, 2) medical consultation as indicated, 3) clinical periodontal examination, 4) radiographic examination, and 5) laboratory tests as needed. Clinical signs of periodontal disease such as pocket depth, loss of clinical attachment and bone loss are cumulative measures of past disease. They do not provide the dentist with a current assessment of disease activity. In an attempt to improve the ability to predict future disease progression, several types of diagnostic tests have been studied, including host inflammatory products and mediators, enzymes, tissue breakdown products and subgingival temperature. In general, the usefulness of these tests for predicting future disease activity remains to be established in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. Although microbiological analysis of subgingival plaque is not necessary to diagnose and treat most patients with periodontitis, it is helpful when treating patients with unusual forms of periodontal disease such as early-onset, refractory and rapidly progressive disease. There appears to be a strong genetic component in some types of periodontal disease and genetic testing for disease susceptibility has potential for future use, but more research is needed to determine its utility for use in clinical practice. Treatment of the periodontal diseases may be divided into four phases: systemic, hygienic, corrective and maintenance or supportive periodontal therapy. Regardless of the type of treatment provided, periodontal therapy will fail or will be less effective in the absence of adequate supportive periodontal therapy.
Treatment of Burns; Correction of a Prescription
Authors: H. L. Fancher
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In my paper on "Rational Treatment of Burns" (The JournalA. M. A., July 2, p. 27), an error [Our error.—Ed.] exists in regard to the strength of the picric acid solution. The prescripion as used by me and given in my manuscripts is as follows: gm. or c.c. Picric acid... 43j Alcohol... 643ji Water...q. s. 768 Ojss Please make this correction inThe Journal, as serious results might follow the use of a picric acid solution as strong as the one erroneously printed in my paper of the above date.
Serum Level of Interleukin 8 Is Elevated in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Indicates Disease Activity
Authors: MANFRED W. ZIEGENHAGEN, PETER ZABEL, GERNOT ZISSEL, MAX SCHLAAK, JOACHIM MÜLLER-QUERNHEIM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

It has been shown that interleukin 8 (IL-8) is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and there is increasing evidence that it is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. To date, no data are available as to whether IL-8 is elevated in sera of IPF patients. We obtained sera from 42 patients with IPF and 20 healthy controls at time of BAL. From 20 of 42 patients with IPF and 12 of 20 controls BALF was available, enabling us to measure IL-8 in serum and BALF of the same time point. IL-8 was significantly elevated in serum (54.7 ± 7.5 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) and BALF (715.7 ± 112.4 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) of patients with IPF compared with controls (IL-8 in serum, 5.2 ± 0.8 pg/ml; IL-8 in BALF, 67.3 ± 9.7 pg/ml). We observed a significant positive correlation between IL-8 levels in BALF and percentage of BALF neutrophils (p < 0.001) and between serum IL-8 and BALF IL-8 levels (p < 0.005) in patients with IPF. Consequently, the serum IL-8 level correlated positively with the percentage of BAL neutrophils (p < 0.01), indicating that it may reflect the degree of neutrophilic alveolitis in IPF. Furthermore, the serum IL-8 level showed a negative correlation with important indicators of impairment of lung function (Dl CO, TLC, VC) and PaO2 . In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that the degree of neutrophilic alveolitis in IPF is reflected by increased serum levels of IL-8 and we suggest that the serological assessment of IL-8 may provide a useful parameter for clinicians in monitoring patients with IPF.
Imaging proliferation in vivo with [F-18]FLT and positron emission tomography
Authors: Anthony F. Shields, John R. Grierson, Bernhard M. Dohmen, H.-Juergen Machulla, Joseph C. Stayanoff, Jawana M. Lawhorn-Crews, Joyce E. Obradovich, Otto Muzik, Thomas J. Mangner
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States
Authors: Donghee Kim, Ray W. Kim, Hwa Jung Kim, Terry M. Therneau
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The clinical and public health significance of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well established. We investigated the long-term effect of NAFLD on mortality. This analysis utilized the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994 and subsequent follow-up data for mortality through December 31, 2006. NAFLD was defined by ultrasonographic detection of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other known liver diseases. The presence and severity of hepatic fibrosis in subjects with NAFLD was determined by the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and FIB-4 score. Of 11,154 participants, 34.0% had NAFLD--the majority (71.7%) had NFS consistent with lack of significant fibrosis (NFS <-1.455), whereas 3.2% had a score indicative of advanced fibrosis (NFS >0.676). After a median follow-up of 14.5 years, NAFLD was not associated with higher mortality (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-1.19). In contrast, there was a progressive increase in mortality with advancing fibrosis scores. Compared to subjects without fibrosis, those with a high probability of advanced fibrosis had a 69% increase in mortality (for NFS: HR, 1.69, 95% CI: 1.09-2.63; for APRI: HR, 1.85, 95% CI: 1.02-3.37; for FIB-4: HR, 1.66, 95% CI: 0.98-2.82) after adjustment for other known predictors of mortality. These increases in mortality were almost entirely from cardiovascular causes (for NFS: HR, 3.46, 95% CI: 1.91-6.25; for APRI: HR, 2.53, 95% CI: 1.33-4.83; for FIB-4: HR, 2.68, 95% CI: 1.44-4.99).
If Youngsters Overdose With Anabolic Steroids, What's the Cost Anatomically and Otherwise?
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A COMMON THEME expressed by several panelists at the recent National Institute on Drug Abuse meeting on anabolic steroids, in Rockville, Md, is that youngsters who use steroids almost invariably take a larger dose than they need to obtain the desired physical effects. <h3>An Effect on Height?</h3> Because steroids can cause premature closure of the epiphysis, there is concern that some young users will end up shorter than they would have been, investigators say. Whether they are more vulnerable to long-term damage caused by taking sex hormones is another area for research. Allen Rogol, MD, a pediatric endocrinologist at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, says it appears that testosterone works—at least in part— through growth hormone in adolescent boys and that it promotes an increase in the secretion of growth hormone. He studied a group of boys with constitutional delay of growth who received testosterone and noted that the amount
THE EFFECT OF CARBON ARC IRRADIATION ON THE HEALTH OF A GROUP OF INFANTS
Authors: LOUIS H. BARENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In a recent communication we<sup>1</sup>reported the results of a study of a group of infants irradiated during the winter months by means of the mercury vapor lamp. The object of the investigation was to determine primarily whether ultraviolet radiations diminished the occurrence of respiratory infection. It was shown that in spite of systematic exposures to these rays the incidence of these diseases was not altered. It is thought that the frequency of respiratory infections during the winter is due in part to a deficiency of sunlight. The mercury vapor lamp emits an exceptionally large intensity of invisible or ultraviolet rays as compared to the sun, which produces only 1 per cent of these radiations. It is evident, therefore, that the rays of the mercury vapor lamp are by no means the counterpart of those of the sun. It is quite possible, as Hess<sup>2</sup>has suggested, that there
Research funding goes metric
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Free radicals produced by chronic inflammation cause cumulative damage to cellular macromolecules and appear to contribute to senescence/aging, age-related disorders, and neuromuscular degenerative diseases such as inclusion-body myositis. Proteins are major targets for oxidative damage (in addition to DNA and lipids) and the accumulation of oxidized proteins has been reported in many aging and disease models. In young and healthy individuals, moderately oxidized soluble cell proteins are selectively and rapidly degraded by the 20S proteasome. The mechanism of selective proteolysis appears to depend upon oxidation-induced protein unfolding, with increasing surface hydrophobicity as (previously shielded) hydrophobic residues are exposed from the interior. The 20S proteasome can preferentially bind to and degrade such mildly oxidized, hydrophobic proteins without a need for ubiquitin targeting or ATP activation. Severely oxidized, aggregated, and crosslinked proteins, however, are poor substrates for degradation and actually inhibit the proteasome. During aging, and in many age-related diseases/disorders, the proteasome is progressively inhibited by binding to increasing levels of oxidized and cross-linked protein aggregates. Cellular aging and inflammatory neuromuscular degenerative diseases probably include both an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as a decline in proteasome activity, resulting in the progressive accumulation of oxidatively damaged protein aggregates that eventually contribute to cellular dysfunction and senescence.
Crossed path on doomsday
Authors: Sabin Kumar Ranabhat
Journal: BMJ (2006)

He was one of my childhood playmates, his house just a few blocks away from mine. However, I lost contact with him after I left the village to study medicine. In due course, I graduated from the Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, and joined Green Pastures Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre (GPH), Pokhara, as a medical officer. Run by the International Nepal Fellowship, this missionary hospital provides refuge, at it own cost, to the many socially ostracised victims of leprosy. 

One day a young …
Antihypertensive therapy with indapamide and perindopril reduced mortality in patients ≥ 80 years
Authors: William W. Hung, Rosanne M. Leipzig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club19 August 2008Antihypertensive therapy with indapamide and perindopril reduced mortality in patients ≥ 80 yearsWilliam W. Hung, MD, MPH, Rosanne M. Leipzig, MD, PhDWilliam W. Hung, MD, MPHMount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (W.W.H., R.M.L.)Search for more papers by this author, Rosanne M. Leipzig, MD, PhDMount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (W.W.H., R.M.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationBeckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1887-98. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18378519Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Geriatrics: References1 Gueyffier F, Bulpitt C, Boissel JP, et al. Antihypertensive drugs in very old people: a subgroup meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. INDANA Group. Lancet. 1999;353:793-6. [PMID: 10459960] Google Scholar2 Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42:1206-52. [PMID: 14656957] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA (W.W.H., R.M.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 August 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 4Page: JC2-10KeywordsAntihypertensive drug therapyDementiaElderlyHeart failureHypertensionMyocardial infarctionStable coronary artery diseaseStrokeTreatment guidelines ePublished: 19 August 2008 Issue Published: 19 August 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF PURULENT DISEASE OF THE ANTRUM OF HIGH-MORE, WITH EXHIBITION OF NEW INSTRUMENTS.
Authors: WALTER J. FREEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In considering the operative treatment of purulent disease of the antrum of Highmore, I shall speak only of operations for chronic disease. Acute purulent cases, which in my experience are of much more frequent occurrence and much oftener of intranasal than of dental origin, seldom require more than the removal of the cause and appropriate local and constitutional remedies. Antrum operations naturally divide themselves into two classes: the intranasal and the intra-oral. Each has its advantages, and many methods have been devised to meet the indications demanded by the two positions. Until recently the general rule has been to open the antrum at its lowest attainable point, in order to secure the best drainage, as with scarcely an exception the importance of drainage was especially urged as the<i>sine qua non</i>of correct surgical treatment, for it was not deemed inexpedient to have such a pus cavity draining into the
579. In-Vivo Time Course of Reporter Gene Expression after Nucleic Acid Delivery to the Lateral Ventricle in Rat Brain
Authors: Ellen S. Hauck, Shaomin Zou, Michael H. Nantz, James G. Hecker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Transient expression of a therapeutic protein can be accomplished by delivery of nonviral nucleic acid-cationic lipid complexes to target tissue(s). We have previously reported the successful wide spread CNS expression of Hsp70 as well as the reporter genes eGFP and firefly luciferase after delivery of nucleic acid-cationic lipid complexes to the lateral ventricle in the rat brain1, 2. We now report on the in-vivo time course of protein activity following nonviral gene delivery. Nucleic acid (cDNA or mRNA) encoding the reporter gene firefly luciferase complexed with the cationic lipid MLRI was injected into the CSF in the lateral ventricle. Time course of luciferase expression was followed using optical imaging (Xenogen IVIS). Our results show wide spread CNS expression consistent with our previously reported results. In addition, the time course of protein activity after injection of a plasmid carrying luciferase cDNA shows peak expression approximately 72 hours after vector delivery. In vitro data from CHO, NIH3T3, and primary neuronal cells transfected with the same vectors demonstrate a peak somewhat earlier, at approximately 48 hours (unpublished results). Luciferase activity in vivo drops off rapidly after 72 hours, but residual activity has been detected up to 18 days after delivery of the vector. Preliminary data after injection of mRNA-cationic lipid complex into the lateral ventricle demonstrates a more rapid increase and decay of CNS expression of luciferase. Results of the time course of expression of luciferase after cDNA or mRNA delivery will be presented as a series of sequential in vivo images, with region-of-interest (ROI) analysis.
Do growth chart centiles need a face lift?
Authors: T J Cole
Journal: BMJ (1994)

European height and weight growth charts commonly extend from the 3rd to the 97th centile, whereas in North America the extremes are usually the 5th and 95th centiles. There is no good reason for the difference, and neither chart is particularly useful for screening owing to the high false positive rate associated with a cut off based on the lowest centile. The World Health Organisation's international growth reference uses cut offs based on standard deviation scores rather than centiles, which are more suitable for the extremes of growth status seen in the developing world. This chart, however, is incompatible with charts based on centiles. Here a unified growth chart is proposed: it has nine rather than seven centiles, and they are spaced two thirds of a standard deviation score apart rather than the more usual unit spacing. This gives a set of curves very like the conventional 3rd to 97th centiles, but with additional curves at 2.67 standard deviation below and above the mean (roughly the 0.4th and 99.6th centiles). The 0.4th centile is a more practical cut off for screening purposes than the 3rd or 5th centile.
486. Optimized Conditions for Retroviral Gene Transfer by RetroNectin® Bound Virus Infection Method
Authors: Hideto Chono, Hiromi Okuyama, Yasushi Katayama, Nobuto Koyama, Junichi Mineno, Kiyozo Asada, Ikunoshin Kato
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

In retroviral gene transduction, the efficiency of viral infection is suppressed by the proteoglycans and some other materials secreted by the producer cell lines. In order to remove these inhibitors, we previously developed the rFN-CH-296 (RetroNectin®)-bound virus infection method. In the present study, we further optimized the conditions of gene transfer efficiency into human leukemia cell lines, K562, TF-1, HL-60, and CEM cells utilizing RetroNectin® plates with galv-pseudo-typed or amphotropic retrovirus vector, and applied the optimized protocol to the CD34+ BMCs in a closed system with gas permeable culture bag.
Somatic mutations of SUZ12 in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Authors: Ming Zhang, Yuxuan Wang, Sian Jones, Mark Sausen, Kevin McMahon, Rajni Sharma, Qing Wang, Allan J Belzberg, Kaisorn Chaichana, Gary L Gallia, Ziya L Gokaslan, Greg J Riggins, Jean-Paul Wolinksy, Laura D Wood, Elizabeth A Montgomery, Ralph H Hruban, Kenneth W Kinzler, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Bert Vogelstein, Chetan Bettegowda
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Retropsoas and Subgluteal Abscesses Following Paracervical and Pudendal Anesthesia
Authors: William Svancarek
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Retroperitoneal abscesses are uncommon in obstetrics and gynecology. Recently, seven reported cases of retropsoas-subgluteal abscesses following paracervical-pudendal anesthesia have been reported, and we have seen two additional cases. The infrequent occurrence and diagnostic difficulties make these abscesses especially dangerous. They can result in substantial patient morbidity and mortality. They must be suspected in patients receiving paracervical-pudendal anesthesia prior to vaginal delivery in whom hip pain subsequently develops. Therapy consists of prompt surgical exploration and drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>237:892-894, 1977)
La mucosectomie en ambulatoire pour les polypes coliques de plus de 20mm: résultats d'une étude prospective
Authors: M Dior, R Coriat, S Tarabichi, A Vienne, V Polin, G Perkins, S Leblanc, M Gaudric, F Prat, S Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

La mucosectomie endoscopique est un geste pratiqué pour la résection des lésions planes et sessiles du côlon. Les principaux facteurs de risque de complications sont les caractéristiques du polype (taille, localisation colique droite, sessile ou pédiculé), l'existence de comorbidités, de troubles de l'hémostase et la prise de médicaments (AINS, antiagrégant plaquettaire, AVK). Le risque de complications conduit à hospitaliser les patients pour surveillance. Le but de cette étude prospective était d'évaluer la faisabilité et la morbidité de cette technique en ambulatoire pour les lésions de plus de 20mm.
Method development and subsequent survey analysis of biological tissues for platinum, lead, and manganese content.
Authors: A M Yoakum, P L Stewart, J E Sterrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

An emission spectrochemical method is described for the determination of trace quantities of platinum, lead, and manganese in biological tissues. Total energy burns in an argon-oxygen atmosphere are employed. Sample preparation, conditions of analysis, and preparation of standards are discussed. The precision of the method is consistently better than +/- 15%, and comparative analyses indicate comparable accuracies. Data obtained for experimental rat tissues and for selected autopsy tissues are presented.
Polymer Fume Fever and Cigarette Smoking
Authors: DAVID H. WEGMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

An outbreak of an influenza-like syndrome occurred in a Massachusetts textile mill producing imitation crushed velvet. The production process included the application of a fluorocarbon polymer. Seven of 13 employees reported symptoms of cough, fever, chills, aching and weakness, and 4 reported shortness of breath. Those with the syndrome, identified as polymer fume fever, were all smokers, whereas most of those without symptoms were nonsmokers. Since curing temperatures were too low to produce toxic pyrolysis products, it is believed that exposure was via contamination of cigarettes. The temperature of burning cigarettes, 875 °C, was sufficient to produce the pyrolysis products responsible for the symptoms of polymer fume fever. Work practices were changed to require hand washing before smoking, and no illness was subsequently reported. Polymer fume fever should be included in the differential diagnosis of fevers of unknown origin in working persons.