tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender-Related Survival Differences Associated with<i>EGFR</i>Polymorphisms in Metastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Oliver A. Press, Wu Zhang, Michael A. Gordon, Dongyun Yang, Georg Lurje, Syma Iqbal, Anthony El-Khoueiry, Heinz-Josef Lenz
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Evidence is accumulating supporting gender-related differences in the development of colonic carcinomas. Sex steroid hormone receptors are expressed in the colon and interact with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a gene widely expressed in colonic tissue. Increased EGFR expression is linked with poor prognosis in colon cancer. Within the EGFR gene there are two functional polymorphisms of interest: a polymorphism located at codon 497 (HER-1 R497K) and a dinucleotide (CA)n repeat polymorphism located within intron 1. These germ-line polymorphisms of EGFR were analyzed in genomic DNA from 318 metastatic colon cancer patients, 177 males and 141 females, collected from 1992 to 2003. Gender-related survival differences were associated with the HER-1 R497K polymorphism (Pinteraction = 0.003). Females with the HER-1 497 Arg/Arg variant had better overall survival (OS) when compared with the Lys/Lys and/or Lys/Arg variants. In males the opposite was true. The EGFR dinucleotide (CA)n repeat also trended with a gender-related OS difference (Pinteraction = 0.11). Females with both short &amp;lt;20 (CA)n repeat alleles had better OS than those with any long ≥20 (CA)n repeats. In males the opposite was true. Combination analysis of the two polymorphisms taken together also revealed the same gender-related survival difference (Pinteraction = 0.002). These associations were observed using multivariable analysis. The two polymorphisms were not in linkage disequilibrium and are independent of one another. This study supports the role of functional EGFR polymorphisms as independent prognostic markers in metastatic colon cancer. As a prognostic factor, these variants had opposite prognostic implications based on gender. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):3037–42]
Screening for Prostate Cancer-Reply
Authors: Gerald W. Chodak
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Ruffin and colleagues raise several important points. First, they are correct to emphasize that physicians should disclose the uncertainty of screening, that DRE has no more supportive evidence than PSA or TRUS, and that recommendations to screen by the ACS and American Urological Association may represent a conflict of interest.  However, I strongly disagree that Dr Krahn and colleagues 1 conclusively proved that prostate cancers creates more burden than benefit. Although the inclusion of a sensitivity analysis does show that the results of the study are consistent over a range of assumptions, the authors made no attempt to perform a multivariable sensitivity analysis, which might have significantly affected the conclusions. Even more importantly, there is no possible way to conclude from this study that screening more than once would not lead to a greater benefit. Recent studies of repeat screening have shown that patients with one normal
Mammalian Sterile 20–Like Kinases in Tumor Suppression: An Emerging Pathway
Authors: Eric E. O'Neill, David Matallanas, Walter Kolch
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that the proapoptotic kinase mammalian sterile 20–like kinase 2 (MST2) acts in a novel tumor suppression pathway. Recently, we showed that Raf-1 kinase sequesters and inhibits MST2 and that this event is critical for Raf-mediated cell survival. In this review, we summarize Raf control of MST2 and we outline a novel pathway involving the downstream effector proteins Salvador and Warts/Lats that may act to limit the positive effects of Raf–mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in cancer cells.
Acute Aleukaemic Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: B. L. Della Vida, M. C. Connell
Journal: BMJ (1943)

CUTANEOUS AND CONJUNCTIVAL DIPHTHERIA MEDICALTISH conjunctivitis, and the discharge contained C. diphtheriae.The virulence of the organism was not determined.Case 7.-Admitted to the military hospital suffering from impetigo of the chin of fourteen days' duration.Ten days later he developed bilateral purulent conjunctivitis.White membrane was seen on the edge and inside of the-lower eyelids two days later.Swabs from eyes and skin showed the presence of C. diphtheriae (gravis).The patient was afebrile.At the isolation hospital 60,000 units of antitoxin were given and local treatment was applied to the eyes.Skin and eyes cleared up completely in about four weeks.Case 8.-This man had impetigo of the face and neck, and two weeks after admission to the military hospital he developed rhinitis.A nasal swab was reported positive for C. diphtheriae, but the organisms were avirulent.After transfer to the isolation hospital skin swabs contained virulent C. diphtheriae (gravis type I), but throat and nose swabs were negative.The skin condition improved rapidly after the injection of 10,000 units of antitoxin.Case 9.-Admitted to the military hospital with sycosis barbae.Three weeks later virulent C. diphtheriae (gravis type I) were isolated from the skin.Case 10.-A case of impetigo of the face, neck, and left ear which developed a yellowish-white membrane on the skin behind the left ear one month after admission to the military hospital.A swab from this membrane was found to contain avirulent C. diphtheriae.At the isolation hospital only diphtheroids were found in swabs from the skin until one month later, when virulent mitis organisms were reported, presumably due to cross-infection.The skin healed in three weeks.Case 11.-Admitted to the military hospital with seborrhoea capitis.Three weeks later conjunctivitis developed and virulent C. diphtheriae (gravis) were found in the purulent discharge.Swabs taken at the isolation hospital were negative, and the conjunctivitis soon cleared up.20,000 units of antitoxin were given.Case 12.-Eleven weeks after admission to the military hospital for treatment of impetigo this patient developed a mild purulent conjunctivitis.The discharge contained avirulent C. diphtheriae.At the isolation hospital eye swabs were negative, but throat and
Methods of Small-Bowel Biopsy
Authors: Robert J. Bolt
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In January of 1949, Ian Wood and co-workers in Australia described a method of gastric biopsy and reported the findings from its use in 55 patients.<sup>1</sup>At almost the same time, but working independently, Tomenius in Sweden described a somewhat similar tube.<sup>2</sup>Approximately six years later Royer and co-workers in Argentina<sup>3</sup>and Shiner in England<sup>4</sup>reported on modifications of the Wood and Tomenius tubes which made it possible to biopsy the proximal small bowel as well as the stomach. For the first time, fresh small-bowel biopsy specimens could be obtained without the necessity of surgical exploration. All four tubes mentioned work on the principle of a suction-guillotine mechanism. Appropriate amounts of suction are applied to the biopsy tube drawing a small "knuckle" of mucosa into the head of the instrument. This "knuckle" consists of mucosa, tunica propria, and varying amounts of muscularis mucosa. A flexible wire
Parachute approach to evidence based medicine: Summary of other responses
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The article by Potts et al sparked heated international debate.1 Many took issue with the parachute analogy, which they perceived as flawed, inappropriate, superficial, outdated, or mere sophistry—although only a few correspondents mentioned that it had been taken from a spoof article.

The ethical aspect of randomised controlled trials was mentioned as important for patient safety. Many understandably criticised the fact that the authors had chosen resource poor settings to illustrate their point, and not only because this implies discrimination or double standards. To cite Lelia Duley, professor of obstetric …
TB at the end of the 20th century
Authors: P D O DAVIES
Journal: Thorax (2001)

I enjoyed the paper by Rose et al reviewing tuberculosis at the end of the century,1 but there was one curious piece of data which the authors did not address in the discussion—namely, that the rates in the Bangladeshi population which used to be exactly the same as in the Pakistani population are now only one third of the level. Does this indicate that Bangladeshi subjects have not been immigrating to the UK over recent years at the same rate as Pakistani subjects, or could it be that it reflects a …
Ozone-induced Inflammation Is Attenuated with Multiday Exposure
Authors: DOROTHY L. CHRISTIAN, LISA L. CHEN, CORNELIUS H. SCANNELL, RONALD E. FERRANDO, BARBARA S. WELCH, JOHN R. BALMES
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

It is well known that ozone (O3) causes acute lung inflammation. What is not known is whether there is progression of the inflammatory response in humans with repeated short-term exposures. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that repeated exposures to a high-ambient concentration of O3 (0.2 ppm) over several days would cause more inflammation than a single exposure. Fifteen healthy volunteers were exposed in random fashion to 0.2 ppm ozone for 4 h on a single day and to 0.2 ppm O3 for 4 h on 4 consecutive days while exercising moderately for 30 min of each hour. Pulmonary function tests were obtained immediately before and after each 4-h exposure. Bronchoscopy was performed 20 h after the completion of each exposure arm to obtain bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for measurement of markers of inflammation. Our results show initial progression followed by attenuation of the acute physiologic response to O3 with repeated daily exposures. We found a significant difference in percent change in FEV1, FVC, and specific airway resistance (SRaw) across the single-day exposure when compared with the change across Day 4 of the 4-d exposure. Bronchial fraction (the first 15 ml of BAL return) and BAL were analyzed for the following end points: total and differential cell counts, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibronectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). In the bronchial fraction the number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)s and fibronectin concentration were significantly decreased after 4-d exposure compared with single-day exposure. In BAL, significant decreases in the number of PMNs, fibronectin, and IL-6 were found after 4-d exposure versus single-day exposure. These results suggest that there is attenuation of the O3-induced inflammatory response in both proximal airways and distal lung with repeated daily exposures.
Towards an understanding of genetic predisposition to migraine
Authors: Verneri Anttila, Maija Wessman, Mikko Kallela, Aarno Palotie
Journal: Genome Medicine (2011)

Plausible genome-wide associations for episodic neurological diseases (such as migraine, epilepsy and ataxias) have been slow to emerge. The first such association was reported in a recent genome-wide association study of migraine, with quantitative expression analysis linking the variant to a nearby regulatory gene, MTDH/AEG-1. This putative mechanism, regulating the expression of the primary glutamate transporter in the brain, EAAT2/GLT-1, has interesting implications bridging the gap between Mendelian and common forms in this key group of disorders.
Congenital Absence of the Right Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Irving M. Madoff, Edward A. Gaensler, John W. Strieder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

CONGENITAL absence of a branch of the common pulmonary artery in a patient with apparently normal lungs is a rare anomaly. Only 9 cases were found on a review of the literature since 1850. The condition was recognized at post-mortem examination in 7 of these, and at operation in 2. The clinical diagnosis of this anomaly has not, to our knowledge, been described previously. The purpose of this paper is to present clinical and physiologic studies of a patient in whom congenital absence of the right branch of the pulmonary artery was diagnosed by angiocardiography.Fräntzel,1 in 1868, was apparently . . .
Cytokine-induced human IFN-γ–secreting effector-memory Th cells in chronic autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Arne Sattler, Ulf Wagner, Manuela Rossol, Joachim Sieper, Peihua Wu, Andreas Krause, Wolfgang A. Schmidt, Sebastian Radmer, Siegfried Kohler, Chiara Romagnani, Andreas Thiel
Journal: Blood (2008)
Recurrent necrosis of the skin and the mouth
Authors: NABIL I. ELSAHY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A patient suffering from an unusual syndrome, in which the following triad was present, is described: (1) Recurrent necrosis of the skin and mouth; and necrosis following intradermal injection of saline. (2) Disappearance of the necrotic episodes following the administration of prednisone. (3) Mental retardation. This syndrome does not appear to have been previously reported.
Gene Dosage-Dependent Effects of Cardiac-Specific Overexpression of the A <sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor
Authors: Richard G. Black, Yiru Guo, Zhi-Dong Ge, Sidney S. Murphree, Sumanth D. Prabhu, W. Keith Jones, Roberto Bolli, John A. Auchampach
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

We used a genetic approach to determine whether increasing the level of A 3 adenosine receptors (A 3 ARs) expressed in the heart confers protection against ischemia without causing cardiac pathology. We generated mice carrying one (A 3 tg.1) or six (A 3 tg.6) copies of a transgene consisting of the cardiomyocyte-specific α-myosin heavy chain gene promoter and the A 3 AR cDNA. A 3 tg.1 and A 3 tg.6 mice expressed 12.7±3.15 and 66.3±9.4 fmol/mg of the high-affinity G protein–coupled form of the A 3 AR in the myocardium, respectively. Extensive morphological, histological, and functional analyses demonstrated that there were no apparent abnormalities in A 3 tg.1 transgenic mice compared with nontransgenic mice. In contrast, A 3 tg.6 mice exhibited dilated hearts, expression of markers of hypertrophy, bradycardia, hypotension, and systolic dysfunction. When A 3 tg mice were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion, infarct size was reduced ≈30% in A 3 tg.1 mice and ≈40% in A 3 tg.6 mice compared with nontransgenic littermates. The reduction in infarct size in the transgenic mice was not related to differences in risk region size, systemic hemodynamics, or body temperature, indicating that the cardioprotection was a result of increased A 3 AR signaling in the ischemic myocardium. The results demonstrate that low-level expression of A 3 ARs in the heart provides effective protection against ischemic injury without detectable adverse effects, whereas higher levels of A 3 AR expression lead to the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy.
The impact of a bodyweight and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) initiated through a national colorectal cancer screening programme: randomised controlled trial
Authors: A. S. Anderson, A. M. Craigie, S. Caswell, S. Treweek, M. Stead, M. Macleod, F. Daly, J. Belch, J. Rodger, A. Kirk, A. Ludbrook, P. Rauchhaus, P. Norwood, J. Thompson, J. Wardle, R. J. C. Steele
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the impact of a diet and physical activity intervention (BeWEL) on weight change in people with a body mass index &gt;25 weight (kg)/height (m)<sup>2</sup> at increased risk of colorectal cancer and other obesity related comorbidities. <b>Design</b> Multicentre, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Four Scottish National Health Service health boards. <b>Participants</b> 329 overweight or obese adults (aged 50 to 74 years) who had undergone colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test result, as part of the national bowel screening programme, and had a diagnosis of adenoma confirmed by histopathology. 163 were randomised to intervention and 166 to control. <b>Intervention</b> Participants were randomised to a control group (weight loss booklet only) or 12 month intervention group (three face to face visits with a lifestyle counsellor plus monthly 15 minute telephone calls). A goal of 7% reduction in body weight was set and participants received a personalised energy prescription (2508 kJ (600 kcal) below that required for weight maintenance) and bodyweight scales. Motivational interviewing techniques explored self assessed confidence, ambivalence, and personal values concerning weight. Behavioural strategies included goal setting, identifying intentions of implementation, self monitoring of body weight, and counsellor feedback about reported diet, physical activity, and weight change. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was weight change over 12 months. Secondary outcomes included changes in waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting cardiovascular biomarkers, and glucose metabolism variables, physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption. <b>Results</b> At 12 months, data on the primary outcome were available for 148 (91%) participants in the intervention group and 157 (95%) in the control group. Mean weight loss was 3.50 kg (SD 4.91) (95% confidence interval 2.70 to 4.30) in the intervention group compared with 0.78 kg (SD 3.77) (0.19 to 1.38) in the control group. The group difference was 2.69 kg (95% confidence interval 1.70 to 3.67). Differences between groups were significant for waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose level, diet, and physical activity. No reported adverse events were considered to be related to trial participation. <b>Conclusions</b> Significant weight loss can be achieved by a diet and physical activity intervention initiated within a national colorectal cancer screening programme, offering considerable potential for risk reduction of disease in older adults. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN53033856.
Hepatocellular neoplasms after intrahepatic transplantation of ovarian fragments into ovariectomized rats
Authors: Frank Dombrowski, Clarissa Flaschka, Luisa Klotz, Barbara von Netzer, Carla Schulz, Hendrik Lehnert, Matthias Evert
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Intrahepatic transplantation of ovarian fragments in ovariectomized rats results in morphological abnormalities. The liver acini draining blood from ovarian grafts show alterations resembling chemically induced amphophilic hepatocellular preneoplasias. We investigated the long-term development of these estrogen-induced foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH). We divided 451 Lewis rats into one main group (MG) and 11 (7 female, 4 male) control groups and observed them for up to 30 months. MG animals were ovariectomized and received ovarian transplants into the right liver part. Different combinations of castration, transplantation of ovarian or testicular fragments, and administration of antiestrogenic toremifene were used in controls. In the MG, transplants showed signs of gonadotropic stimulation, and estrogen levels were strongly increased in the downstream liver acini. After 6 and 12 months, FAH developed in hepatocytes downstream of the transplants. After 18 months, 27% of the MG animals showed transformation of FAH into hepatocellular adenomas; this figure increased to 42% after 24 months (8/19), significantly outnumbering four spontaneous adenomas that developed between 18 and 30 months in 258 control animals. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) appeared only in the MG. At 24 and 30 months, 18 HCCs developed; thus, 78% of MG animals showed at least one carcinoma. Administration of toremifene in ovariectomized and transplanted animals completely prevented hepatocarcinogenesis. Testicular grafts showed no influence on liver tissue. In conclusion, initially adaptive but preneoplastic alterations in hepatocytes downstream of intrahepatically transplanted ovarian fragments may transform into HCC, indicating a strong hepatocarcinogenic potential of high local levels of endogenous estrogens in the rat liver. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:857–867.)
Abstract C59: Lipid expression dynamics in epithelial cells undergoing HGF-induced EMT
Authors: Kristen Alexander, Brendan Coutu, John Prince, Marc Hansen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer metastasis occurs when cells detach from the primary tumor, invade through local tissues, migrate to distant sites, and colonize new tumors. The morphological change within the cell is termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as cells change from their epithelial state and derive more primitive, mesenchymal characteristics. A cellular signaling pathway that stimulates EMT is initiated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which binds and activates the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase. Activation of HGF signaling induces dramatic changes in cell morphology and behavior. HGF signaling exerts its effect by altering gene transcription and proteome profiles in cells triggered to undergo EMT. The proteomic changes in HGF-induced cell lines is well documented, however changes in lipid expression and their contribution to EMT are poorly understood. Here we develop and employ mass spectrometry-based approaches to analyze lipid expression changes in cells. This method allows for analysis of thousands of lipids in a single sample and the determination of the relative abundance in each lipid. We have found that seventy lipids undergo dramatic regulatory expression changes in MDCK cells undergoing HGF-induced EMT. This effort could provide important clues into the identity of lipid modification or synthesis programs that are required for EMT and, more broadly speaking, for cellular events associated with cancer progression. Understanding their contribution and function could allow for identification of therapeutic targets for intervention in cellular processes required for cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Kristen Alexander, Brendan Coutu, John Prince, Marc Hansen. Lipid expression dynamics in epithelial cells undergoing HGF-induced EMT. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C59.
375 GENERATION OF THE PREDICTION MODELS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B AND EXTERNAL VALIDATION BY INDEPENDENT COHORTS
Authors: M. Kurosaki, M.-F. Yuen, W.-K. Seto, T. Kumada, K. Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, Y. Hoshioka, N. Tamaki, T. Kato, Y. Yasui, T. Hosokawa, K. Ueda, K. Tsuchiya, T. Kuzuya, H. Nakanishi, J. Itakura, Y. Takahashi, Y. Asahina, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Effect of red chilli powder on DNA content of gastric aspirates
Authors: H. G. Desai, K. Venugopalan, F. P. Antia
Journal: Gut (1973)

The intragastric infusion of red chilli powder in dosage of 1.6 and 0.8 g/hr caused a marked increase in the DNA content of the gastric aspirate compared with basal values for DNA. This observation suggests a rapid and marked exfoliation of gastric surface epithelial cells in human subjects given red chilli powder.
Optical Coherence Tomography: Advanced Technology for the Endoscopic Imaging of Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: X. D. Li, S A Boppart, ,J. Van Dam, , H. Mashimo, , M. Mutinga, , W. Drexler, , M. Klein, , C. Pitris, , M. L. Krinsky, , M. E. Brezinski, , J. G. Fujimoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging medical technology capable of generating high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructure in situ and in real time. We assess the use and feasibility of OCT for real-time screening and diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus, and also review state-of-the-art OCT technology for endoscopic imaging.
Large hepatocellular cancers: hepatic resection or liver transplantation?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

hepatic resection and transplantation.Rather all patients with primary liver cell cancer should be admitted to a unit where all current forms of treatment can be considered and the most appropriate carried out.Tumour resection is the first and ideal form of treatment followed by transplantation when resection is not technically possible When neither ofthese forms of treatment is appropriate then cytotoxic and immunotherapy techniques should be available.