tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Value of A New Antibiotic Assay.
Authors: Larry W. Rumans
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Clinical Value of A New Antibiotic Assay.Larry W. Rumans, M.D., Douglas W. Voth, M.D., Sharon P. Wagoner, Chien Liu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Larry W. Rumans, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Douglas W. Voth, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sharon P. WagonerSearch for more papers by this author, Chien Liu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-826_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMeasurement of serum concentrations of potentially toxic antibiotics, especially in patients with compromised renal function, is desirable for optimal therapy. The applicability of nomograms based on renal function for estimating drug dosage has been emphasized by others; by comparing predicted with observed drug concentrations the usefulness of the nomograms can be tested. A 4-hour microassay, based on a well-diffusion method, was developed for the quantitative determination of aminoglycoside drugs, for example, gentamicin. Wells (5 mm) were cut in trypticase soy agar plates (100 mm x 15 mm), which were preseeded withBacillus globigii. Thirty-picolitre serum samples were distributed in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Larry W. Rumans, M.D.; Douglas W. Voth, M.D.; Sharon P. Wagoner; Chien Liu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Kansas City, Kansas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 826-827KeywordsAntibioticsAttentionBacillusDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical and Electron Microscopic Studies in Patients with the Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Robin D. Powell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PURPOSE of this report is to record serial clinical and electron microscopic studies in 2 adults who have had the nephrotic syndrome. The clinical course of the 2 patients has been marked by a subsidence of the nephrotic syndrome and a persistence of evidence of renal disease. Renal biopsy studies were carried out before and after the nephrotic syndrome subsided. In each instance, light microscopy revealed diffuse thickening of the walls of the glomerular capillary loops. Electron microscopic studies performed during the nephrotic syndrome revealed that in both cases the glomerular capillary loop thickening was caused primarily by the aggregation of material, here termed extrinsic membranous deposits, on the outer surface of the basement membrane. Studies performed following subsidence of the nephrotic syndrome revealed that in both cases the extrinsic membranous deposits were no longer evident, but that marked structural changes were present within the glomerular basement membrane.
Mechanisms of Intermittent Ventricular Bigeminy
Authors: R. LANGENDORF, A. PICK, M. WINTERNITZ
Journal: Circulation (1955)

In order to analyze the cause for the appearance and disappearance of ventricular premature systoles giving rise to temporary bigeminal rhythm, the electrocardiographic material was divided into two major groups: group A, consisting of ectopic beats with fixed coupling occurring during grossly irregular dominant rhythms, and group B, consisting of ectopic beats with varying coupling occurring during regular dominant rhythms. Analysis of group A, the subject of the present report, shows a definite relationship between the duration of the ventricular cycle and the occurrence of ventricular premature systoles, in that long cycles favor their appearance whereas short cycles tend to preclude it. This "rule of bigeminy" is best explained on the basis of a re-entry mechanism of the ventricular premature systoles. Criteria are given for the differential diagnosis between ventricular premature systoles and aberrant ventricular conduction of supraventricular impulses which is prone to occur under similar circumstances. The analysis of group B is presented in a subsequent report.
Molecular characterization of recent Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor, Inaba strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Kolkata, India
Authors: Amit Raychoudhuri, Souvik Chatterjee, Gururaja P. Pazhani, Ranjan K. Nandy, Mihir K. Bhattacharya, Sujit K. Bhattacharya, T. Ramamurthy, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Evolutionary Genomics of Host Adaptation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Authors: S. K. Remold, A. Rambaut, P. E. Turner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Populations experiencing similar selection pressures can sometimes diverge in the genetic architectures underlying evolved complex traits. We used RNA virus populations of large size and high mutation rate to study the impact of historical environment on genome evolution, thus increasing our ability to detect repeatable patterns in the evolution of genetic architecture. Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus populations were evolved on HeLa cells, on MDCK cells, or on alternating hosts. Turner and Elena (2000. Cost of host radiation in an RNA virus. Genetics. 156:1465-1470.) previously showed that virus populations evolved in single-host environments achieved high fitness on their selected hosts but failed to increase in fitness relative to their ancestor on the unselected host and that alternating-host-evolved populations had high fitness on both hosts. Here we determined the complete consensus sequence for each evolved population after 95 generations to gauge whether the parallel phenotypic changes were associated with parallel genomic changes. We also analyzed the patterns of allele substitutions to discern whether differences in fitness across hosts arose through true pleiotropy or the presence of not only a mutation that is beneficial in both hosts but also 1 or more mutations at other loci that are costly in the unselected environment (mutation accumulation [MA]). We found that ecological history may influence to what extent pleiotropy and MA contribute to fitness asymmetries across environments. We discuss the degree to which current genetic architecture is expected to constrain future evolution of complex traits, such as host use by RNA viruses.
P03.01 * TIME- AND DOSE-DEPENDENT EVALUATION OF IRRADIATION-INDUCED EFFECTS ON MURINE HIPPOCAMPAL TISSUE CULTURES; PARTIAL RADIOPROTECTION BY RESVERATROL
Authors: I. Prager, P. Kaatzsch, K. Himmelbach, I. Patties, H. Oppermann, F. Merz, K. Muller, R. Kortmann, A. Glasow
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Radiation therapy plays an essential role in the treatment of primary or metastatic CNS malignancies, but radiation-induced adverse effects remain a significant risk. Radiation-induced damage of the neural stem cell pool in the hippocampus is thought to be one of the major reasons for the long-term decline in neurocognitive performance, especially in pediatric patients. Here, we investigate the short- and long-term dose-response relationship of neurogenesis, covering a dose range relevant for whole and partial brain irradiation. Furthermore, we evaluate the radioprotective potential of resveratrol, a plant polyphenol, which is newly recognized for its bifunctional tumor-preventive and anti-cancer effects. METHODS: Nestin-CFPnuc C57BL/J6 mice, postnatal day 4-6, were decapitated and hippocampal tissue slices, containing the entorhinal-hippocampal formation, cut on a vibratome and cultured on membrane inserts in culture plates. Slices were irradiated on an x-ray machine (0.2-16 Gy) 14-21 days later. Resveratrol (15 µM) was added 2 h before and 24 h after irradiation (IR). BrdU pulse label was conducted for 48 h after IR. Nestin-positive neural stem cells were counted at a confocal life imaging microscope 0, 2, 4, 14, 25, and 42 days after IR. BrdU-positive cells were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining in cryosectioned slices. Cell viability was assessed by CellTiter-Blue fluorometric assay, 3 and 9 days after IR. Dead cells were labelled by propidium iodide (PI). Cytokine concentrations (IL6, KC, MCP-1) were measured in the slice culture medium by cytometric bead array 4 and 24 h after IR. RESULTS: A dose-dependent decline of nestin-positive neural stem cells together with a decrease of proliferation could be detected already at low doses of 0.2 Gy two days after IR. A partial recovery of the stem cell pool was found at late time points (14 and 42 days after IR). PI staining showed a dose-dependent increase of dead cells, reaching significance at 12 Gy. Resveratrol was able to enhance the cell viability significantly in irradiated slices 3 and 9 days after irradiation (4.5 and 8 Gy). IL6, KC and MCP1 release increased 4 and 24 h after IR at 1.5 Gy (IL6) and 3 Gy (KC, MCP1). CONCLUSION: Relatively low IR doses lead to a decrease of nestin-positive stem cells. Our data indicate that this is a result of increased cell death and decreased proliferation but might also be triggered by an increase of inflammation. The neuroprotective action of resveratrol on irradiated hippocampal tissue warrants further investigation.
UK pushes EU to tackle health gap between rich and poor
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The United Kingdom is using its term as president of the European Union to urge the region to focus on reducing the difference in the health of rich and poor people.

“Almost all important health problems, and major causes of premature death across Europe such as heart disease and cancer, are more common among people with lower levels of education and income,” said the UK secretary of state for health, Patricia Hewitt, who hosted an EU summit in London this week called “Tackling health inequalities—governing for health” ( BMJ 2005;331: 855, Oct 15).

“Narrowing this health gap, and making good …
Robert Barclay Goudie
Authors: Donald Campbell, John Anderson, Robert Colville
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Forde Cayley went from medical school straight into service in wartime France and then to Singapore.Captured by the Japanese, he was taken to the infamous River Kwai.The horrors he had witnessed never left him, but he believed in reconciliation, not hatred.As a postwar pioneer of drug treatment for tuberculosis, he took up the respiratory medicine post that he held until retirement.His spare time was divided between BMA activities, his work as a lay reader, and in his prolific vegetable plot.Predeceased by his wife, Eileen, he leaves two sons and three grandsons.
Genetic Control of Bone Remodeling — Insights from a Rare Disease
Authors: Stephen M. Krane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Over the past decade, we have learned a great deal about how skeletal development and remodeling are controlled.1 Some of our knowledge has been derived from genetic analysis of diseases in humans, whereas other important information has come from targeting mutations in mice. In some instances, the two approaches have complemented each other, as occurred in the identification of core binding factor α1 as a major regulator of osteoblast differentiation in mice24 and the nearly simultaneous demonstration of the mutation in one allele of the gene for core binding factor α1 as the cause of human cleidocranial dysplasia and . . .
Successful Supervised Ambulatory Management of Tuberculosis Treatment Failures
Authors: REYNARD J. McDONALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Twenty-one patients with long histories of failed treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, most of whom were recalcitrant in taking medications, were treated on a primarily ambulatory basis with various antituberculosis drugs. Supervision ensured that medication was taken. Convenient, personalized, comprehensive medical care and social services were provided without cost to patients during the early phase of treatment. Management during the continuation phase was unsupervised. Fourteen patients had drug-resistant tuberculosis and 16 were either alcohol or opiate abusers. Treatment success was achieved in 19 of 21 patients with a mean follow-up of 26 months. Two patients failed to achieve a sputum-negative status for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Directionality of Temperature Activation in Mouse TRPA1 Ion Channel Can Be Inverted by Single-Point Mutations in Ankyrin Repeat Six
Authors: Sairam Jabba, Raman Goyal, Jason O. Sosa-Pagán, Hans Moldenhauer, Jason Wu, Breanna Kalmeta, Michael Bandell, Ramon Latorre, Ardem Patapoutian, Jörg Grandl
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Does what you hear predict what you will do and say?
Authors: Mariella Pazzaglia
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract I evaluate the bottlenecks involved in the simulation mechanism underpinning superior predictive abilities for upcoming actions. This perceptual-motor state is characterized by a complex interrelationship designed to make predictions using a highly fine-tuned and constrained motor operation. The extension of such mechanisms to language may occur only in sensorimotor circuits devoted to the action domain.
Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of regional wall motion in patients with perioperative myocardial infarction.
Authors: T Force, P Bloomfield, J E O'Boyle, S F Khuri, M Josa, A F Parisi
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Regional left ventricular wall motion was evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiographic techniques with fixed- and floating-axis analytical algorithms in three groups of subjects: normal subjects (n = 15), patients undergoing uncomplicated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) (n = 10), and patients suffering perioperative myocardial infarction (n = 27). In patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG, fixed-axis analysis in the apical four-chamber view produced septal hypokinesis indistinguishable from the septal hypokinesis seen in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. In addition, fixed-axis analysis enhanced lateral wall motion so that patients with lateral myocardial infarction were classified as normal. Floating-axis analysis corrected these limitations by (1) producing regional left ventricular wall motion in the patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG, which was identical to that in normal subjects, and (2) producing regional left ventricular wall motion in patients with myocardial infarction that was hypokinetic in segments corresponding to the electrocardiographic area of involvement. In patients with new Q waves, fixed-axis analysis detected abnormalities of regional left ventricular wall motion in 24 of 34 (71%) electrocardiographically involved regions but also classified 44 of 100 segments in uncomplicated patients as abnormal. Floating-axis analysis detected regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in 30 of 34 patients (88%; p less than .05 vs fixed-axis analysis) and only 15 of 100 segments in patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG were classified as abnormal (p less than .001 vs fixed-axis analysis). We conclude that floating-axis analysis is a more accurate and clinically relevant method of evaluating regional left ventricular wall motion in patients undergoing CABG who suffer myocardial infarction as a perioperative complication.
Natural antibodies to the human T cell lymphoma virus in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas.
Authors: L E Posner, M Robert-Guroff, V S Kalyanaraman, B J Poiesz, F W Ruscetti, B Fossieck, P A Bunn, J D Minna, R C Gallo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Sera from patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma and leukemia were screened for the presence of natural antibody to the human T cell lymphoma (leukemia) virus, HTLVCR, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Sera from two patients, including patient CR, from whose cultured T lymphoblastic cell line (HUT102), the retrovirus HTLVCR was isolated, reacted specifically with proteins of HTLVCR. Serum from patient CR also reacted specifically with proteins of HTLVMB, an independent but highly related retroviral isolate from a patient with Sezary T cell leukemia. The specificity for HTLVCR proteins was demonstrated by solid-phase immunocompetition assays and competition radioimmunoprecipitation assays. Analysis of radioimmunoprecipitates indicated that the natural antibodies were directed against HTLVCR core proteins with molecular weights of 24,000 and 19,000 (p24 and p19). Whereas the serum reactivities for HTLVCR proteins were shown to be highly specific, additional reactivities seen against proteins of animal retroviruses including GaLV, SSV, FeLV, and BaEV were clearly shown not to be viral specific but rather were due to reactivity with cellular antigens contaminating the viral preparations or with related antigens present in fetal calf serum. These results demonstrating natural antibodies to HTLVCR provide the first evidence for a specific antibody response to a retrovirus in humans.
Hepatic cirrhosis in young adults: association with adolescent onset of alcohol and parenteral heroin abuse.
Authors: D M Novick, R W Enlow, A M Gelb, R J Stenger, M Fotino, J W Winter, S R Yancovitz, M D Schoenberg, M J Kreek
Journal: Gut (1985)

Hepatic cirrhosis is infrequently diagnosed in young adults. In a hospital for addictive diseases in New York City, we found cirrhosis in 53 patients under age 35 within just 40 months. The cirrhosis was biopsy-proven in 37 patients (group I) and diagnosed clinically in 16 patients with severe liver disease (group II). Alcohol abuse was found in 51 patients (96%), and parenteral heroin abuse was seen in 52 (98%). The duration of alcohol abuse was seven or fewer years in 24 patients (45%) and 10 or fewer in 39 (74%). In 44 (83%), the substance abuse began in adolescence. Comparison of group I cirrhotic patients with 65 non-cirrhotic biopsied patients showed that cirrhosis was significantly associated with abuse of both alcohol and parenteral heroin (p less than 0.001). The distribution of 66 HLA antigens from A, B, C, and DR loci showed no differences when 42 patients were compared with 42 ethnically-matched control substance abusers. The early development of cirrhosis in these young patients may be related to multiple hepatic injuries induced by alcohol and parenteral heroin abuse and to the onset of addictive diseases during adolescence or early adult life.
Fetal distress and the condition of newborn infants.
Authors: G S Sykes, P M Molloy, P Johnson, G M Stirrat, A C Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a prospective audit of the obstetric management of 1210 consecutive deliveries the association was investigated between the need for operative delivery for fetal distress during labour and the condition of the newborn infant. Operative delivery was performed for only 11.5% of the newborn infants with severe acidosis at birth (umbilical artery pH less than 7.12, base deficit greater than 12 mmol (mEq)/1), 24.1% of those with an Apgar score less than 7 at one minute, and 15.8% of those with both severe acidosis and a one minute Apgar score less than 7. Most of the infants delivered operatively were in a vigorous condition at birth and did not have severe acidosis. Fetal blood sampling was done in 4.0% of labours. As none of the fetal blood values were less than 7.20 and only three of the infants sampled in utero suffered severe acidosis at birth, fetal blood sampling would have had to be performed much more often to provide a useful guide to metabolic state at birth. While the large majority of "at risk" fetuses had continuous fetal heart rate monitoring in labour, this had not been provided in 48.7% of the labours of infants with severe acidosis, 38.7% of infants with a one minute Apgar score less than 7, and 47.4% of infants with both severe acidosis and a one minute Apgar score less than 7. Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring was associated with a much higher incidence of operative delivery for fetal distress than was intermittent fetal heart rate auscultation. These results suggest an urgent need to review present methods for assessing the intrapartum condition of the fetus, making the diagnosis of fetal distress, and assessing the condition of the infant at birth.
Comparison of individual and combined effects of procainamide and amiodarone in patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: F E Marchlinski, A E Buxton, K E Kindwall, J M Miller, M E Rosenthal, C D Gottlieb, R B Bloom, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To compare the individual and combined electrophysiological effects of amiodarone and procainamide, 35 patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias underwent programmed stimulation in the control state, after procainamide (mean concentration, 8.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml), after 13 +/- 2 days of amiodarone (1,400 mg/day x 7 days, then 400 mg/day), and after amiodarone with procainamide (mean procainamide concentration, 7.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml). Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) was inducible in all 35 patients during treatment with procainamide alone and with amiodarone alone. Procainamide and amiodarone similarly increased the VT cycle length (+68 vs. +61 msec), the corrected QT interval (+63 vs. +49 msec), and the ventricular effective refractory period measured at paced cycle lengths of 600-550 msec (+23 vs. +21 msec) and 400 msec (+25 vs. +23 msec). Procainamide had a more pronounced effect on QRS duration than amiodarone during sinus rhythm (+18 vs. +8 msec, p less than 0.01) and during paced cycle lengths of 600-550 msec (+32 vs. +23 msec, p less than 0.01) and 400 msec (+37 vs. +28 msec, p less than 0.1) but a similar effect on the QRS duration during VT (+32 vs. +29 msec). During combination therapy, VT initiation was prevented in only two (6%) patients. The combination therapy produced a greater increase (p less than 0.001) than individual therapy in all the electrophysiological intervals assessed, with the exception of the sinus cycle length. On each drug regimen, a cycle length-dependent increase (p less than 0.05) in paced QRS duration was noted (400 more than 600-550 msec).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE CARBON DIOXIDE CONTENT OF THE BLOOD IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: Francis W. Peabody
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

A diminution in the carbon dioxide content of the blood is a constant feature in pneumonia. Occasional cases, however, may fail to show low carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide in the blood bears little definite relation to the severity of the disease, except that it tends to be lowest in severe cases and in the terminal stages of the disease. There is less deviation from the normal in short or mild cases. The diminution in the carbon dioxide in the blood bears no immediate relation to temperature, as it may persist for some days after the patient is afebrile. The diminution in carbon dioxide corresponds to the other evidences of metabolic changes in infection and, like them, may be even greater after than during the febrile period. The changes in the carbon dioxide content of the blood run parallel to the output of ammonia in the urine. The carbon dioxide appears to bear no relation to chlorine excretion. In two unusual cases the carbon dioxide content of the blood was normal or above normal. This was associated with a very low oxygen content of the venous blood.
Endoscopic Examination of Egyptian Mummies
Authors: M. Manialawi, R. Meligy, M. Bucaille
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

Three Pharaonic mummies, preserved for thousand of years, had fiberoptic endoscopy carried out of the cranial, thoracic and abdominal cavities. The aim of the study was to gather medical data and ascertain the extent of damage of these mummies before undertaking restoration procedues. The endoscopic examinations revealed some valuable data concerning certain points of historical interest.
Proliferation and activation of bronchial epithelial cells in corticosteroid-dependent asthma
Authors: Antonio Maurizio Vignola, Giuseppina Chiappara, Liboria Siena, Andreina Bruno, Rosalia Gagliardo, Anna Maria Merendino, Barbara S. Polla, A.Patrik Arrigo, Giovanni Bonsignore, Jean Bousquet, Pascal Chanez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)