tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Fracture of Right Tibia and Fibula in a Case of Locomotor Ataxia
Authors: J. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1897)

In very late cases wlhere suppuration is preEent, the opera tion is barred by the danger of sepsis.The ratient by drawing up the sound limb demonstrates the degree of flexion. CONCLUSSIONS.The following is a summary of my views: i.That no treatment better than rest, combined with con- stitutional remedies, is known for tuberculous disease of hip.2. That a large proportion of cases of this disease, especially those in which flexion has occurred, go on to suppuration, and that one of the chief causes of their doing so is the diffi- culty of giving the joint rest.3. That much of this difficulty lies in the fact that the position of greatest ease for the tuberculous hip-joint is one in which it is very awkward for the patient to carry the limb, very difficult for the surgeon to fix it, and therefore one in which the joint is constantly exposed to disturbance.4. That it is possible, and in many cases advisable, to re- move this difficulty by such an osteotomy of the femur as will allow the limb to be put straight.while the upper of the frag- ments retains " the natural position of rest." 5.That the operation also does good in some cases by re- lieving tension in the bone.6.That an osteotomy of the femur when done in this respect is not as formidable an und# rtaking as it is under ordinary circumstances, for it is not the division of the bone that is formidable in this operation, but the constrained position in splints and the long period of rest required for union.Now since these latter incidents are a great gain for the tuberculous joint, they must be put to the credit of the operation, thus leaving very little to be entered on the debit side.
A piecemeal impact
Authors: K. Mckenzie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Siege Doctors shows a group of NHS doctors and nurses taking time out from their paid jobs in the comfortable NHS to do holiday work in Sarajevo. In five 50 minute parts it follows a £1.8 million operation funded by the Overseas Development Administration and set up by Tony Redmond, a consultant at North Stafford-shire Hospital and professor of emergency and disaster medicine at Keele. Professor Redmond is a veteran of Lockerbie and the Armenia earthquake and also supervised “Operation Irma.” All of these would have made better television than Siege Doctors.

Only the first episode was available for preview. It does a good job of putting you in the shoes of the medical team—imbuing you with their feelings of trepidation as they are …
Overexpression and involvement in migration by the metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-3 in human myeloma cells
Authors: Unn-Merete Fagerli, Randi U. Holt, Toril Holien, Thea K. Vaatsveen, Fenghuang Zhan, Kjartan W. Egeberg, Bart Barlogie, Anders Waage, Harald Aarset, Hong Yan Dai, John D. Shaughnessy, Anders Sundan, Magne Børset
Journal: Blood (2007)
Prenatal maternal diet affects asthma risk in offspring
Authors: Rachel L. Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Recently, epigenetic-mediated mechanisms - which involve heritable changes in gene expression in the absence of alterations in DNA sequences - have been proposed as contributing to asthma. In this issue of the JCI, Hollingsworth and colleagues report on the effect of prenatal maternal dietary intake of methyl donors on the risk of allergic airway disease in offspring in mice and show that these effects involve epigenetic regulation (see the related article beginning on page 3462). Supplementation of the maternal diet with methyl donors was associated with greater airway allergic inflammation and IgE production in F1 and, to some extent, F2 progeny. Site-specific differences in DNA methylation and reduced transcriptional activity were detected. If these findings are confirmed, a new paradigm for asthma pathogenesis may be emerging.
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myocardial Perfusion With EP-3600, a Collagen-Specific Contrast Agent
Authors: Elmar Spuentrup, Karl M. Ruhl, Rene M. Botnar, Andrea J. Wiethoff, Alexandra Buhl, Vincent Jacques, Matthew T. Greenfield, Gabriele A. Krombach, Rolf W. Günther, Mark G. Vangel, Peter Caravan
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging during the first pass after intravenous administration of extracellular contrast agents is hampered by the spatial and temporal resolution achievable and by the artifacts seen in ultrafast MR imaging. Furthermore, time-consuming quantitative data analysis is often added. The use of molecular MR imaging with a target-specific contrast agent with perfusion-dependent binding to myocardium may enable prolonged visualization of perfusion defects and thus may help to overcome limitations of currently used first-pass extracellular MR imaging. EP-3600 is a new gadolinium-containing molecular contrast agent that binds reversibly to myocardial collagen. Methods and Results— A significant but nonocclusive coronary artery stenosis was modeled in 7 domestic swine with an undersized MR-compatible balloon positioned in the left anterior descending artery as verified by x-ray angiography. Two animals died before contrast injection as a result of arrhythmias. In 5 swine, high-spatial-resolution gradient echo imaging (≈1×1 mm 2 in-plane resolution) was performed before and 5, 20, 40, and 60 minutes after intravenous administration of 12.3 μmol/kg EP-3600. Contrast was administered during stress induced by an infusion of 250 μmol · kg −1 · min −1 adenosine. Yb-DTPA was administered simultaneously for comparison of myocardium-to-plasma ratios. Images were assessed subjectively by 2 investigators, and signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios over time were calculated. Normal myocardium showed a significant signal-to-noise ratio increase during the entire examination time. In all animals (n=5), the perfusion defect in the left anterior descending artery territory could be visualized with a high contrast-to-noise ratio for at least 20 minutes after contrast injection. A significantly higher myocardium-to-plasma ratio was found for EP-3600 compared with the control agent Yb-DTPA (0.85±0.26 versus 0.22±0.08, respectively; P &lt;0.01). Conclusion— EP-3600 is a new molecular MR imaging contrast agent that binds to the myocardium and enables prolonged, high-contrast, high-spatial-resolution visualization of myocardial perfusion defects.
Dutch set to tighten up in vitro fertilisation regulations
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Wide ranging proposals for tighter regulation of in vitro fertilisation covering age limits, multiple births, and the storage of frozen embryos have been submitted to the Dutch government following a three year study by the Netherlands Health Council.

The study was ordered by the health minister in 1994 as existing legislation became outdated. Two new parliamentary acts covering fertilisation techniques and the use of embryos in …
In vivo transformation of mouse conventional CD8α+ dendritic cells leads to progressive multisystem histiocytosis
Authors: Quynh-Giao Steiner, Luc A. Otten, M. John Hicks, Gürkan Kaya, Frederic Grosjean, Estelle Saeuberli, Christine Lavanchy, Friedrich Beermann, Kenneth L. McClain, Hans Acha-Orbea
Journal: Blood (2007)
Positive HIV Antibody Test Results After Treatment With Hepatitis B Immune Globulin-Reply
Authors: W. F. Schlech
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  From the point of view of the clinical epidemiologist, Dr Isaacman is correct that our patients did not have true-positive HIV test results in the absence of documented infection. Viral cultures were not performed on blood samples from the infant, but p24 antigen assays subsequently carried out on all serum samples had negative results. From the point of view of the clinician involved in patient care, all patients with positive results of enzyme immunoassay followed by a positive Western blot for HIV-specific antibodies are considered to be actively infected in the absence of clinical or epidemiologic information to the contrary. Our serum samples met the criteria for probable HIV infection on that basis, particularly because both mothers were in high-risk groups for HIV infection. Therefore, we trust that Dr Isaacman understands from his own practice that until the specific details of the events described in our article
A palpable hit
Authors: D. McLoughlin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

For a film about the ostensibly unappealign subject of heroin addiction, Trainspotting makes for remarkably thoughtful and entertaining viewing. It cuts a gleeful swathe through the tedious middlebrow literary adaptations and heritage films that pass for modern British cinema. Adapted by screenwriter, and former doctor, John Hodges from Irvine Welsh's acclaimed picaresque novel, it concerns a predominantly male group of injecting opiate addicts living in Edinburgh in the late 1980s. This was an era when injecting was peculiarly fashionable among Edinburgh addicts, in whom the rapid spread of HIV infection resulted in prevalences of more than 50%, the highest in Europe.

Trainspotting is a non-judgmental, credible, …
Variations in the Thymol Reaction in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Under Treatment With Cortisone and ACTH
Authors: K. Kalbak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

Reaction du Thymol dans l'Arthrite Rhumatismale RWsUMt Sur 21 malades atteints d'arthrite rhumatismale la reaction du thymol fut positive dans environ 75% des cas.La frequence des reactions du thymol positives est similaire a celle des reactions positives d'agglutination du streptocoque.Reacci6n de la Turbidez del Timol en la Artritis Reumatoide RESUMEN De 21 enfermos con artritis reumatoide la reacci6n de la turbidez del timol fue positiva en cerca de 75% de los casos.La frecuencia de las reacciones de la turbidez del timol positivas es similar a la de las reacciones positivas de aglutinacion del estreptococo.
Fatal Skin Diseases
Authors: Frederick G. Zak
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> While it is generally recognized that certain skin diseases, eg, pemphigus vulgaris or toxic epidermal necrolysis,<sup>1</sup>may have an ominous prognosis it is only recently that systemic effects of generalized exfoliative dermatitis (erythroderma) have been studied in depth.<sup>2</sup>These effects can be measured in a variety of bodily functions but the ones that we are concerned with are those of thermoregulation and hemodynamics. Because of their serious and occasionally fatal implications we wish to record briefly a pertinent case. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 63-year-old Negro woman was hospitalized in a comatose and febrile state. Massive anasarca of body and limbs was present, as well as a generalized exfoliative dermatitis. The pulse was rapid and irregular. The ECG showed atrial fibrillation and old infarction. The pertinent laboratory findings indicated moderate degrees of acidosis, azotemia, and a marked hypoalbuminemia (albumin 1.7 gm, globulin 3.2 gm/100 ml).
I stopped asking doctors for help
Authors: I. Nunneley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“There's plenty of room in there; men come in all shapes and sizes,” was a consultant gynaecologist's response to my reporting superficial dyspareunia.

During the 1960s and 1970s I sought help for what I now know to be the conditions lichen sclerosis and lichen planus. At best, my symptoms were attributed to a low grade monilial infection. More commonly, I was told that my sex life must be inadequate in some way. Since neither diagnosis was based on empirical evidence and I was tiring of the suggestion that I was imagining it, I stopped asking doctors for help. For about two years I used large amounts of the ointment prescribed …
Timing of disc surgery after iohexol myelography and its effect on the incidence of postoperative problems.
Authors: D Riley, J E Woodyard, H S Dabis
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A skull fracture is associated with an intracranial mass lesion in three quarters of patients.3Absence of a fracture does not exclude serious head injury: 35% of patients in coma and 200/% of those dying after head injury do not have a skull fracture.3Computed tomography is mandatory for head injured patients in coma (Glasgow coma scale 8), and measurement of intracranial pressure may be useful.Half of head injured patients admitted in coma have a raised intracranial pressure, and intracranial pressure is raised in 30%/o of cases without haematoma.4Raised intracranial pressure is also a feature of severe near drowning, reflecting the primary hypoxic insult.When the intracranial pressure is greater than 20 mm Hg after near drowning outcome is poor (death in 70%/o of patients, a vegetative state in 30%). 5 In our patient attributing the neurological signs to severe head injury led to unnecessary monitoring of intracranial pressure and might have led inexperienced staff to diagnose post-traumatic brain stem failure and withdraw supportive treatment.When examining unconscious patients the core temperature should be measured and clinical signs interpreted accordingly.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and the Nervous System
Authors: Sandra M. Stewart-Pinkham
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The workup described by Dalakas et al 1 for their patient with neuropathy and dementia was inadequate. B 12 deficiency is a significant cause of the neuropathy they describe in the absence of hematologic abnormalities and with normal B 12 levels. 2 In the fruit bat, the only animal model of B 12 deficiency, changes occur in fatty acid metabolism and plasma membranes. 3   Humans are the only animals that become B 12 deficient, resulting in hematologic effects. 4 This could explain why animals do not develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome even though the virus replicates in monkeys. B 12 is associated with impaired cellular immunity as evidenced by vegetarians, who have an increased incidence of tuberculosis. 4 Cadmium, unlike lead and mercury, does not become methylated by B 12 but instead binds to the cobalt, destroying the function of the cofactor. The effects found in brain with
Treatment of Pressure Ulcers
Authors: Madhuri Reddy, Sudeep S. Gill, Sunila R. Kalkar, Wei Wu, Peter J. Anderson, Paula A. Rochon
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Many treatments for pressure ulcers are promoted, but their relative efficacy is unclear.To systematically review published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating therapies for pressure ulcers.The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched (from inception through August 23, 2008) to identify relevant RCTs published in the English language.Methodological characteristics and outcomes were extracted by 3 investigators.A total of 103 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Of these, 83 did not provide sufficient information about authors' potential financial conflicts of interest. Methodological quality was variable. Most trials were conducted in acute care (38 [37%]), mixed care (25 [24%]), or long-term care (22 [21%]) settings. Among 12 RCTs evaluating support surfaces, no clear evidence favored one support surface over another. No trials compared a specialized support surface with a standard mattress and repositioning. Among 7 RCTs evaluating nutritional supplements, 1 higher-quality trial found that protein supplementation of long-term care residents improved wound healing compared with placebo (improvement in Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing mean [SD] score of 3.55 [4.66] vs 3.22 [4.11], respectively; P < .05). Other nutritional supplement RCTs showed mixed results. Among 54 RCTs evaluating absorbent wound dressings, 1 found calcium alginate dressings improved healing compared with dextranomer paste (mean wound surface area reduction per week, 2.39 cm(2) vs 0.27 cm(2), respectively; P<.001). No other dressing was superior to alternatives. Among 9 RCTs evaluating biological agents, several trials reported benefits with different topical growth factors. However, the incremental benefit of these biological agents over less expensive standard wound care remains uncertain. No clear benefit was identified in 21 RCTs evaluating adjunctive therapies including electric current, ultrasound, light therapy, and vacuum therapy.Little evidence supports the use of a specific support surface or dressing over other alternatives. Similarly, there is little evidence to support routine nutritional supplementation or adjunctive therapies compared with standard care.
903–11 Sustained Inhibition of Intimal Thickening: Beneficial In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Polymeric β -Cyclodextrin Sulfate
Authors: William B. Bachinsky, Michael A. Golden, S. Steven Okada, John Tomaszewski, Paul B. Weisz, Elliot S. Barnathan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Epithelial IL-22RA1-Mediated Fucosylation Promotes Intestinal Colonization Resistance to an Opportunistic Pathogen
Authors: Tu Anh N Pham, Simon Clare, David Goulding, Julia M Arasteh, Mark D Stares, Hilary P Browne, Jacqueline A Keane, Andrew J Page, Natsuhiko Kumasaka, Leanne Kane, Lynda Mottram, Katherine Harcourt, Christine Hale, Mark J Arends, Daniel J Gaffney, Gordon Dougan, Trevor D Lawley
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)

Our intestinal microbiota harbors a diverse microbial community, often containing opportunistic bacteria with virulence potential. However, mutualistic host-microbial interactions prevent disease by opportunistic pathogens through poorly understood mechanisms. We show that the epithelial interleukin-22 receptor IL-22RA1 protects against lethal Citrobacter rodentium infection and chemical-induced colitis by promoting colonization resistance against an intestinal opportunistic bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis. Susceptibility of Il22ra1−/− mice to C. rodentium was associated with preferential expansion and epithelial translocation of pathogenic E. faecalis during severe microbial dysbiosis and was ameloriated with antibiotics active against E. faecalis. RNA sequencing analyses of primary colonic organoids showed that IL-22RA1 signaling promotes intestinal fucosylation via induction of the fucosyltransferase Fut2. Additionally, administration of fucosylated oligosaccharides to C. rodentium-challenged Il22ra1−/− mice attenuated infection and promoted E. faecalis colonization resistance by restoring the diversity of anaerobic commensal symbionts. These results support a model whereby IL-22RA1 enhances host-microbiota mutualism to limit detrimental overcolonization by opportunistic pathogens.
Air Pollution and Lymphocyte Phenotype Proportions in Cord Blood
Authors: Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Caroline E.W. Herr, Poh-Sin Yap, Miroslav Dostál, Robert H. Shumway, Paul Ashwood, Michael Lipsett, Jesse P. Joad, Kent E. Pinkerton, Radim J. Šrám
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Effects of air pollution on morbidity and mortality may be mediated by alterations in immune competence. In this study we examined short-term associations of air pollution exposures with lymphocyte immunophenotypes in cord blood among 1,397 deliveries in two districts of the Czech Republic. We measured fine particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5) and 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 24-hr samples collected by versatile air pollution samplers. Cord blood samples were analyzed using a FACSort flow cytometer to determine phenotypes of CD3+ T-lymphocytes and their subsets CD4+ and CD8+, CD19+ B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. The mothers were interviewed regarding sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and medical records were abstracted for obstetric, labor and delivery characteristics. During the period 1994 to 1998, the mean daily ambient concentration of PM2.5 was 24.8 microg/m3 and that of PAHs was 63.5 ng/m3. In multiple linear regression models adjusted for temperature, season, and other covariates, average PAH or PM2.5 levels during the 14 days before birth were associated with decreases in T-lymphocyte phenotype fractions (i.e., CD3+ CD4+, and CD8+), and a clear increase in the B-lymphocyte (CD19+) fraction. For a 100-ng/m3 increase in PAHs, which represented approximately two standard deviations, the percentage decrease was -3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.6 to -1.0%] for CD3+, -3.1% (95% CI, -4.9 to -1.3%) for CD4+, and -1.0% (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2%) for CD8+ cells. The corresponding increase in the CD19+ cell proportion was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.0%). Associations were similar but slightly weaker for PM2.5. Ambient air pollution may influence the relative distribution of lymphocyte immunophenotypes of the fetus.
Metachronous multiple esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and Lugol-voiding lesions after endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Y. Urabe, T. Hiyama, S. Tanaka, S. Oka, M. Yoshihara, K. Arihiro, K. Chayama
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been applied to the treatment of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The incidence and characteristics of metachronous multiple esophageal SCCs and Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs) were investigated in a retrospective study in patients who had undergone EMR for superficial esophageal SCC.
Presence of a TA Haplotype in the <i>APC</i> Gene Containing the Common 1822 Polymorphism and Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Jan B. Egan, Elizabeth T. Jacobs, María Elena Martínez, Eugene W. Gerner, Peter W. Jurutka, Patricia A. Thompson
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Acquired or inherited mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene are causally linked to colorectal cancer. Given the significance of APC in colorectal cancer, we investigated the association between common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the APC gene and the odds of developing metachronous colorectal adenomas as a surrogate measure of colorectal cancer risk. Coding SNPs at codons 486, 1678, 1822, 1960, and 2502 were analyzed in a total of 1,399 subjects who participated in two randomized clinical trials for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. No association was found for any single SNP and the odds of metachronous adenoma. In contrast, a TA haplotype (codons 486 and 1822) was associated with a statistically significant 27% and 26% reduction in the odds of any and nonadvanced metachronous adenoma after adjustment for baseline adenoma characteristics [odds ratio (OR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.59-0.91 and OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94], respectively. No significant reduction in odds was observed for advanced metachronous lesions. Diplotype analysis revealed a strong gene dose effect with carriers of two alleles containing TT-AA (codons 486 and 1822, respectively) having an 89% lower odds for advanced metachronous adenomas (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01-0.80) when compared with the common CC-AA diplotype (codons 486 and 1822, respectively). Our findings support an important role for germ-line allele sequence in the APC gene and individual risk of metachronous adenomatous polyps.
Ulcerative colitis developing after amoebic dysentery in a haemophiliac patient with AIDS.
Authors: I Sturgess, S M Greenfield, J Teare, M J O'Doherty
Journal: Gut (1992)

Severe diarrhoea in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is usually a manifestation of gastrointestinal infection by a variety of organisms. We report a patient with low CD4 T cell counts who developed ulcerative colitis after amoebic dysentery. He subsequently developed acute ulcerative colitis with toxic dilatation while he was severely immunocompromised. He responded to corticosteroids and mesalazine and remains well on maintenance therapy.
Hypomorphic mutation of PGC-1β causes mitochondrial dysfunction and liver insulin resistance
Authors: Claudia R. Vianna, Michael Huntgeburth, Roberto Coppari, Cheol Soo Choi, Jiandie Lin, Stefan Krauss, Giorgio Barbatelli, Iphigenia Tzameli, Young-Bum Kim, Saverio Cinti, Gerald I. Shulman, Bruce M. Spiegelman, Bradford B. Lowell
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)