tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Association of Heart-Rate Variability With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: Helen M. Colhoun, Darrel P. Francis, Michael B. Rubens, S. Richard Underwood, John H. Fuller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the association of heart-rate variability with cardiovascular risk factors and coronary calcification in type 1 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects without a history of cardiovascular disease. Reduced heart-rate variability is associated with increased risk of coronary events. Whether it is associated with coronary atherosclerosis is unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Power spectral analysis was used to define heart-rate variability in a cross-sectional study of 160 type 1 diabetic patients and 163 randomly selected nondiabetic adults from the general population aged 30–55 years. Coronary artery calcification was measured using electron beam–computed tomography. RESULTS—Reduced heart-rate variability was associated with similar risk factors in the diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, namely higher HbA1c, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and albumin excretion rate. Reduced heart-rate variability was significantly associated with coronary artery calcification in all subjects (odds ratio per tertile lower total power = 1.5, P = 0.01). This association was not independent of blood pressure or BMI (odds ratio on adjustment = 1.3, P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS—Reduced heart-rate variability clusters with other cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially those that are more common in the insulin resistance syndrome, and is associated with increased coronary calcification in asymptomatic young adults. Whether reduced heart-rate variability leads to other risk factor disturbances or mediates the effects of other risk factors on atherosclerosis deserves further study.
VA--medical school affiliations: an unfair partnership
Authors: I. F. Norstrand
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  The words university and   are magic ones that conjure up visions of Nobel prize— winning research, superb teaching, and quality patient care. How gratifying to conceive of a 50/50 marriage between the Veterans Administration (VA) and the medical school, with a meeting of the minds between physicians of both institutions, culminating in top-notch medical care for the veteran! Unfortunately, such an idyllic arrangement can never exist until certain reforms are instituted. Not only have money and power been the motivating forces rather than quality care for veterans, but, in most instances, the medical school has assumed complete control of the relationship to the detriment of the veteran1-3and the VA physician.  Historically, when the VA was founded in the early 1930s, guidance by medical schools was necessary because VA hospitals were little more than old soldiers' homes and because there was a critical shortage
Revisiting Schizophrenia Linkage Data in the NIMH Repository: Reanalysis of Regularized Data Across Multiple Studies
Authors: Veronica J. Vieland, Kimberly A. Walters, Thomas Lehner, Marco Azaro, Kathleen Tobin, Yungui Huang, Linda M. Brzustowicz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Objective The Combined Analysis of Psychiatric Studies (CAPS) project conducted extensive review and regularization across studies of all schizophrenia linkage data available as of 2011 from the National Institute of Mental Health-funded Center for Collaborative Genomic Studies on Mental Disorders, also known as the Human Genetics Initiative (HGI). The authors reanalyzed the data using statistical methods tailored to accumulation of evidence across multiple, potentially highly heterogeneous, sets of data. Method Data were subdivided based on contributing study, major population group, and presence or absence within families of schizophrenia with a substantial affective component. The posterior probability of linkage (PPL) statistical framework was used to sequentially update linkage evidence across these data subsets (omnibus results). Results While some loci previously implicated using the HGI data were also identified in the present omnibus analysis (2q36.1, 15q23), others were not. Several loci were found that had not previously been reported in the HGI samples but are supported by independent linkage or association studies (3q28, 12q23.1, 11p11.2, Xq26.1). Not surprisingly, differences were seen across population groups. Of particular interest are signals on 11p15.3, 11p11.2, and Xq26.1, for which data from families with a substantial affective component support linkage while data from the remaining families provide evidence against linkage. All three of these loci overlap with loci reported in independent studies of bipolar disorder or mixed bipolar-schizophrenia samples. Conclusions Public data repositories provide the opportunity to leverage large multisite data sets for studying complex disorders. Analysis with a statistical method specifically designed for such data enables us to extract new information from an existing data resource.
Case 11-1980
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Leonard Ellman, John C. Long
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a questionable leukemoid reaction. She was a native of Guatemala and had immigrated to the United States one month earlier; she spoke no English. Three weeks before admission a sore throat developed, with cough, fever, and sweats. Penicillin was given, without improvement; abdominal pain and diarrhea occurred. She came to the clinic, where an abnormal blood count was noted.The temperature was 37.1°C, the pulse 100, and the respirations 22. The blood pressure was 125/80 mm Hg.On examination she appeared mildly ill. No . . .
IS LYMPHOSARCOMA CURABLE?
Authors: ARTHUR PURDY STOUT
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In 1926 Minot and Isaacs 1 published a paper on lymphoblastoma. By that term they meant to include leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma and allied disorders. After a careful statistical study of 477 cases they came to the conclusion that all these diseases were incurable. They found that about 10 per cent of the patients had had the disease for six years or longer. Although a number of patients who survived for a long time had been treated by roentgen rays, surgery or a combination of the two, there were some who had received no curative treatment, and the authors felt that it was not possible to conclude that any had been cured by treatment even though they could not deny definite amelioration in some cases.  Since that time there have been remarkably few studies of the results of treatment of this group as a whole, and of lymphosarcoma in particular.
69 Nuclear receptor (PXR, CAR) agonists induce adaptive hepatic transporter and enzyme expression in mouse liver
Authors: M. Wagner, E. Halibasic, P. Fickert, G. Zollner, A. Fuchsbichler, J. Gumhold, D. Silbert, K. Zatloukal, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Overseas doctors: a step forward into chaos?
Authors: J. Baird, E K Gardner
Journal: BMJ (1981)

suspect that the pruritogenic factors may be prostaglandins (known potentiators of itch) acting with serotonin also released from platelets.True aquagenic pruritus differs from the itching of polycythaemia in that the teinperature of the water does not seem to be important.It is associated both with the local release of acetylcholine in the skin and with degranulation of the mast cells and raised serum concentrations of histamine ?(p 2008).It invites comparison with the relatively common cholinergic urticaria, in which large numbers of tiny itchy weals are provoked by sweating, whether induced by heat exercise or emotion, rather than by contact with water, and for which hydroxyzine is often an effective treatment.True aquagenic urticaria also exists6 but is much less common.Aquagenic pruritus, aquagenic urticaria, and cholinergic urticaria may well be related phenomena; further studies could quickly stir up the rather stagnant subject of the mechanisms of pruritus.
Oncocytes in human bronchial mucous glands
Authors: K. Matsuba, T. Takizawa, W. M. Thurlbeck
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Oncocytes were found in the bronchial glands of 30 of 33 lungs in which the left bronchial tree was examined. They were found with similar frequency in the main, upper and lower lobe bronchi. They were found more commonly with increasing age and were most frequent in the collecting duct of the bronchial glands. However, they were absent from the collecting duct in 14 cases. They were not increased in chronic bronchitics. It is unlikely that bronchial oncocytes have a specific function in bronchial gland ducts but they may represent a curious form of degeneration of epithelial cells as do oncocytes in other organs.
Nosocomial Aseptic Meningitis Associated With Administration of OKT3
Authors: Michael A. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

An outbreak of nosocomial aseptic meningitis involving four renal allograft recipients on the transplant service occurred in July 1986, shortly after the release of the murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 for therapy for acute allograft rejection. No bacteria, fungi, or viruses were isolated from cultures of the cerebrospinal fluid of the four patients. All four had acute allograft rejection treated with OKT3 and developed signs and/or symptoms of meningitis within 72 hours of receiving the drug. To identify potential risk factors, the four patients with aseptic meningitis were compared with 12 patients on the renal transplant service in July 1986 who did not have signs or symptoms of meningitis. The development of aseptic meningitis was strongly associated with administration of OKT3. Because of this association, prospective surveillance of meningitis in patients receiving OKT3 was instituted. From November 1986 to May 1987, three (14%) of 21 patients treated with OKT3 developed aseptic meningitis. The clinical course of aseptic meningitis associated with OKT3 appears to be benign and self-limited. Nonetheless, this observation warrants continued surveillance of OKT3 therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2002-2005)
Academic Sanction
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Academic sanction, the intentional denial of scholarly exchange for political reasons, presents grave practical and moral problems to the open pursuit of medical science. The focus of this article targets South African science. However, examples of academic sanction in Western Europe, the United States, the Soviet Union, China, Japan, and other areas are given to support the existence of discriminatory restrictions against scientists. Examples and reasons also are offered for and against academic sanction, with the recommendation that academic sanction be pursued only with judgment informed by factual knowledge as well as moral, ethical, and compassionate values.An American physician outlines the pros and cons of imposing academic sanction, i.e., the restriction of scholarly exchange for the purpose of protesting the social and political policies of governments. Focusing on the South African situation, while also giving examples from other parts of the world, Crawshaw discusses the imposition of sanction by governments, by professional organizations, and by individual scientists. He argues that academic sanction threatens the open exchange of science and has little or no documented effectiveness on international politics.
Management of Benign Cystosarcoma Phyllodes
Authors: Bromley S. Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I write with reference to the trinity referral regarding "Management of Benign Cystosarcoma Phyllodes," published in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (240:1280, 1978). Donald Levitt, MD, condemns the suggestion for a bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy as being neither a good solution for benign cystosarcoma phyllodes nor an adequate treatment for a malignant tumor, and Wende Logan, MD, concurs. Yet, a specific type of subcutaneous mastectomy, which need not be bilateral, has been developed. It has been reported,<sup>1</sup>used, and proved efficacious in the treatment of this disease for some years in the hands of competent surgeons. A more recent study, "Total Glandular Mastectomy," was published in a recent issue of the<i>Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (62:167-172, 1978)</i>. It has been difficult to follow recurrence of cystosarcoma phyllodes by palpation and by mammograms or xeromammograms. Because total glandular mastectomy removes all but the skin and subcutaneous tissue, it is
Job Strain and the Prevalence and Outcome of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky, Lai Choi Lam, Kerry L. Lee, Nancy E. Clapp-Channing, Redford B. Williams, David B. Pryor, Robert M. Califf, Daniel B. Mark
Journal: Circulation (1995)

It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ("job strain") can lead to coronary disease. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of coronary disease at angiography or with long-term outcome in patients with angiographic coronary disease.Employed patients under the age of 65 years undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography completed a self-administered questionnaire about their job duties and work environment. Job strain was measured by the method of Karasek. Patients were separated into three groups, based on extent of coronary disease: significant disease (> or = 75% stenosis), insignificant disease (> 0% but < 75% stenosis), and normal coronary arteries. Statistical analyses were performed using logistic regression and the Cox proportional hazards model. The 1489 patients enrolled had a median age of 52 years; 76% were male and 88% were white. By design, all patients were employed, 60% in white-collar jobs and only 16% in jobs requiring heavy labor. Traditional cardiac risk factors were most prevalent in the 922 patients with significant coronary artery disease, at intermediate levels in the 204 patients with insignificant disease, and least prevalent in the 363 patients with normal coronary arteries (all P < .01). Job strain was actually more common in patients with normal coronary arteries (35%) than in patients with insignificant (26%) or significant disease (25%, P < .002). In a multivariate analysis, job strain was not significantly correlated with the presence of coronary disease. Job strain was not correlated with angina frequency at the time of angiography. Job strain was not a predictor of cardiac events (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) during follow-up.Job strain was not correlated with the prevalence or severity of coronary artery disease in a cohort of patients undergoing coronary angiography. The outcome of patients with angiographically defined coronary disease was not affected by the level of job strain as measured by the method of Karasek.
Abstract 2988: A PP6-phosphatase complex is required for homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Jianing Zhong, Ji Liao, Lu Yao, Jinping Liu, Jeremy Stark, Susan Lees-Miller, Yuntao Xie, Xingzhi Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most lethal lesions associated with genome stability which, when destabilized, predisposes organs to cancers. DSBs are primarily fixed either with little fidelity by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair or with high fidelity by homology-directed repair (HDR). The phosphorylated form of H2AX on serine 139 (g-H2AX) is a marker of DSBs. It is dephosphorylated by PP2A-like protein phosphatases (PP2A, PP4, and PP6). Here, we identify three novel PP6 subunits. Several PP6c (the catalytic subunit of PP6)-containing heterotrimeric complexes show phosphatase activities against g-H2AX in the in vitro phosphatase assays using bacterially-produced proteins, providing direct evidence that the PP6 holoenzyme is a PP6c-containing heterotrimeric complex. Furthermore, depletion of PP6c, PP6R2, or MyPT1 leads to defective HDR, and expression of phosphatase-inactive PP6c fails to rescue this defect. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that PP6c is recruited to the region adjacent to the DSB sites. Expression of PP6R2, but not PP6c or MyPT1, is associated with improved overall survival in patients with breast cancer at five years (n=100, p=0.038). Taken together, our results suggest that the PP6-PP6R2-MyPT1 complex is required for HDR and PP6R2 is a potential therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2988.
PREDICTIVE VALUE OF ELEVATED NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY FOR STEMI
Authors: Mehmet Ergelen, Huseyin Uyarel, Seref Kul, Servet Altay, Erkan Ayhan, Turgay Isik, Tuba Kemaloglu, Mehmet Gul, Gokhan Cicek, Abdurrahman Tasal, Ercan Erdogan, Mehmet A. Vatankulu, Murat Turfan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Landmark article Oct 15, 1932. Regional ileitis. A pathological and clinical entity. By Burril B. Crohn, Leon Ginzburg, and Gordon D. Oppenheimer
Authors: B. B. Crohn
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We propose to describe, in its pathologic and clinical details, a disease of the terminal ileum, affecting mainly young adults, characterized by a subacute or chronic necrotizing and cicatrizing inflammation. The ulceration of the mucosa is accompanied by a disproportionate connective tissue reaction of the remaining walls of the involved intestine, a process which frequently leads to stenosis of the lumen of the intestine, associated with the formation of multiple fistulas. The disease is clinically featured by symptoms that resemble those of ulcerative colitis, namely, fever, diarrhea and emaciation, leading eventually to an obstruction of the small intestine; the constant occurrence of a mass in the right iliac fossa usually requires surgical intervention (resection). The terminal ileum is alone involved. The process begins abruptly at and involves the ileocecal valve in its maximal intensity, tapering off gradually as it ascends the ileum orally for from 8 to 12 inches (20
Relation of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 to ventricular remodeling in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Maria I. Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro Sosa Liprandi, Victor D. Darú, Sergio Baratta, Miguel A. González, Ricardo M. Iglesias, Carlos D. Pellegrini, Ana Keselman, Eliseo González
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Medical ethics Identifying futile treatment is ethical
Authors: D J Bihari, P Toon, J S. Horner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - I find it extraordinary that the British Medical Association's medical ethics committee should condemn a computerised system for predicting outcome in the intensive care unit as unethical without attempting to contact the doctor involved in its application.1 The facts of the matter are simple. Intensive care beds are in short supply in Britain, and many patients are refused admission to the intensive care units. Because of this shortage of resources, difficult decisions have to be made about the appropriateness of treating patients who are critically ill. Any system that allows the attending physician to identify earlier a patient who is hopelessly ill deserves attention. The doctors' goals are twofold: to identify futile intensive care earlier so as to alleviate the suffering of patients who are inevitably going to die and to withdraw treatment in such hopeless cases earlier so as to make more efficient use of the scarce resource.

I believe that the challenge for those of us who work in intensive care in Britain is not only to argue strongly for more resources (which I do incessantly at Guy's Hospital) but also to improve the way we practise our medicine. How can this be unethical?

1.  1.↵1.  Pryer N
        . Hospital bans the doomsday machine. Evening Standard 1994 Aug 24:1-2.
        

# New technology will always pose dilemmas {#article-title-3}

EDITOR, - The debate in the media about the computer program that calculates prognoses for patients in …
The Effect of Dietary Fiber on Glucose and Hormone Responses to a Mixed Meal in Normal Subjects and in Diabetic Subjects With and Without Autonomie Neuropathy
Authors: Naomi S Levitt, Arthur I Vinik, Alan A Sive, Pat T Child, W P U Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

We investigated the effects of fiber on responses of blood glucose, serum insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and immunoreactive pancreatic glucagon (IRG) to ingestion of a mixed meal with and without added fiber (5 g guar and 5 g pectin) in 12 normal, healthy subjects and in 12 age-, sex-, and weight-matched non-insulin-dependent, maturity-onset diabetic subjects (NIDDM). Fiber markedly enhanced glucose tolerance in the normal subjects without a change in insulin or GIP but with a significant reduction in glucagon responses. Fiber also markedly improved glucose tolerance in the NIDDMs without changing insulin or GIP but with a significant reduction in the glucagon responses. The NIDDMs were divided into two groups of six subjects, with and without autonomic neuropathy (AN). In NIDDMs without AN, glucose tolerance was improved by fiber without a change in insulin, IRG, or GIP. In diabetic subjects with AN, glucose tolerance was not improved, although glucagon levels were lowered and insulin and GIP responses were unchanged. It appears, therefore, that fiber improves glucose tolerance by altering factors other than insulin. It seems also that autonomie nervous supply to the gastrointestinal tract is important in mediating the effect.
How can we improve the detection of glaucoma?
Authors: R. P. Crick, M. W Tuck
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Summary</h3> Neurotropic virus infection can cause serious damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in both human and animals. The complexity of the CNS poses unique challenges to investigate the infection of these viruses in the brain using traditional techniques. In this study, we explore the use of fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography (fMOST) and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to map the spatial and cellular distribution of a representative neurotropic virus, rabies virus (RABV), in the whole brain. Mice were inoculated with a lethal dose of recombinant RABV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under different infection routes, and a three-dimensional view of the distribution of RABV in the whole mouse brain was obtained using fMOST. Meanwhile, we pinpointed the cellular distribution of RABV by utilizing scRNA-seq. Our fMOST data provide the first evidence that RABV can infect multiple nuclei related to fear independent of different infection routes. More surprisingly, scRNA-seq data indicate that besides neurons RABV can infect macrophages and NK cells <i>in vivo</i>. Collectively, this study draws a comprehensively spatial and cellular map of RABV infection in the mouse brain, providing a novel and insightful strategy to investigate the pathogenesis of neurotropic viruses.
PORTRAIT SHOWING TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: W. L. Holman
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —A portrait of Edward VI, the boy-king, who died of consumption, painted by William Streates, pupil of Holbein, was sold to an American collector about 1902, according to L. P. Mark in an address Art and Medicine, delivered in 1906. This portrait suggested advanced phthisis and I wonder if it is known where the portrait is now. Some of your readers may have been interested in the subject and located it. Most of the portraits of Edward VI do not show evidence of the disease, which makes the Streates portrait particularly interesting.