tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Corrigendum: Hypoxia-inducible factor–dependent induction of netrin-1 dampens inflammation caused by hypoxia
Authors: Peter Rosenberger, Jan M Schwab, Valbona Mirakaj, Eva Masekowsky, Alice Mager, Julio C Morote-Garcia, Klaus Unertl, Holger K Eltzschig
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
A Survey of the First Three Months of Operation of a Veterans Administration Mental-Hygiene Clinic
Authors: Morris H. Adler, Edward M. L. Burchard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

SINCE the Mental Hygiene Clinic of the Veterans Administration began operation in Boston on March 18, 1946, a number of questions have been asked concerning the management of patients, the therapeutic goals, the types of patients who present themselves for treatment, the results and so forth. Although it is too early to permit an adequate reply to all the inquiries, a survey of the first three months' activities may clarify somewhat the work and aims of the clinic.Since its opening the clinic has grown steadily both in patient load and in staff, although no attempt has been made to . . .
Cancer of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Sumner I. Raphael, George W. Waterman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE purpose of this paper is to discuss and emphasize the characteristics of cancer of the uterine cervix and to point up certain facts that have led to a better understanding of this disease, resulting in sounder prophylaxis, earlier diagnosis and higher cure rates.Material StudiedThe statistics presented here are based on 432 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the cervix seen in the Gynecological Tumor Clinic of the Rhode Island Hospital during the years 1933–1943, inclusive. The method of treatment and five-year and ten-year salvage rates for this series have been reported in a previous publication and will not . . .
Influence of resting left ventricular function on the left ventricular response to exercise in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: S Port, P McEwan, F R Cobb, R H Jones
Journal: Circulation (1981)

First-pass radionuclide angiocardiography was used to access the left ventricular response to submaximal exercise in 150 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). To test the hypothesis that resting systolic left ventricular function as determined by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was a predictor of the hemodynamic response to exercise, the study group included patients with a wide range of resting LVEF (0.12-0.82). The influences of resting LVEF, resting end-diastolic volume, the number of diseased vessels, exercise end point and exercise double product on the change in LVEF (delta LVEF) during exercise were tested using multiple linear regression analyses. Resting LVEF was a highly significant predictor of the delta LVEF (p = 0.0001). Exercise duration was not related to either the resting LVEF or the delta LVEF. For the 112 patients in whom coronary anatomy was known, resting LVEF retained its significance as a predictor of delta LVEF (p = 0.002) even after adjustment for the significance of the extent of CAD (p = 0.0007) and the exercise end point (p = 0.06). Patients with normal resting LVEF showed the most profound decreases in LVEF, the highest frequency of new regional dysfunction and the largest relative increase in end-diastolic volume during exercise. As rest LVEF decreased, the magnitude of the delta LVEF and the frequency of new regional dysfunction decreased. Therefore, left ventricular function at rest is an important determinant of the direction and magnitude of change in left ventricular function during exercise.
Marrow transplantation in hepatitis‐associated aplastic anemia
Authors: R P Witherspoon, R Storb, H Shulman, C D Buckner, H J Deeg, R A Clift, J E Sanders, K Doney, G McDonald, K M Sullivan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Seventeen patients who developed aplastic anemia in association with viral hepatitis were transplanted with sibling marrow. Of the 16 HLA-identical recipients, 14 were conditioned with cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg, and two received 10 Gy total body irradiation. One HLA-nonidentical recipient received 123 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 10 Gy total body irradiation. Of the 14 patients conditioned with cyclophosphamide alone, one died on day 49 after graft rejection, and 13 had sustained engraftment. Six of the 13 developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which led to death from opportunistic infections 84, 97, and 130 days after transplantation in three patients. Four of the 13 developed chronic GVHD, two without preceding acute GVHD. Currently, ten of the 14 cyclophosphamide-conditioned patients are alive 0.9-12.4 (median 5.9) years from transplantation. The two HLA-identical recipients conditioned for grafting with total body irradiation died after failure of engraftment, and one also developed concomitant hepatic venocclusive disease. The mismatched recipient conditioned with radiation and cyclophosphamide died of severe GVHD 18 days posttransplant. We conclude that survival, graft rejection, and incidence of acute and chronic GVHD after marrow transplantation for hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia are similar to those of patients transplanted for aplastic anemia of other etiologies. Previous hepatic damage from viral hepatitis and liver function abnormalities existing at the time of grafting do not appear to increase the risk of posttransplant morbidity and mortality from hepatocellular damage or venocclusive disease in cyclophosphamide-conditioned patients.
A young man with wrist pain
Authors: H. Rozati, Z. N. Jaffer, N. Al-Hadithy
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 24 year old left handed builder presented to the emergency department after falling on to an outstretched hand two days ago while playing football. Since then he had been experiencing increasing pain in his wrist.

He was otherwise fit and well with no medical problems.

On examination his wrist was tender in the anatomical snuff box. He was neurovascularly intact distally and had a full range of movement. There was increased pain on dorsiflexion but no obvious swelling, bruising, or deformity. He had no other injuries.

A radiograph was taken of his right wrist (fig 1⇓).





### 1 Describe the radiographic image. What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

This is an anterioposterior radiograph of the right wrist showing a fracture of the waist of the scaphoid, which appears undisplaced.

#### Long answer

This is an anterioposterior radiograph of the right wrist showing a fracture of the waist of the scaphoid, which appears undisplaced.

The scaphoid bone lies radially in the proximal carpal row and is the most commonly fractured carpal bone.1

Three fracture sites of the scaphoid are commonly recognised (fig 2⇓):



Fig 2 Anterioposterior radiograph of the right wrist showing the three sites of fracture of the scaphoid: (A) a fracture of the tubercle, (B) a fracture through the waist of the scaphoid, and (C) a fracture of the proximal pole



The rates at which these sites are fractured are 70%, 20%, and 10%, respectively.2

Although the fracture does not …
Pancreatic size and enzyme contents after vagal deafferentation in jejunectomised pigs under free or restricted feeding.
Authors: J P Laplace, C S Nunes
Journal: Gut (1987)

A factorial experiment was designed to test under different feeding levels the effects of the surgical deprivation of sensory afferences (deafferentation) arising from the gastrointestinal tract, including the intestinal chemosensitivity, on the jejunectomised pig used as a model. Within 28 days, the limited jejunectomy failed to affect the pancreas and the enzyme activities were not affected by the feeding level (within the limit of 70% of ad libitum). It was shown that the deafferentation induced significant reductions in the pancreatic tissue mass and in the various enzyme activities, thus suggesting the possible importance of intestinal sensibility for the pancreas.
Captopril Overdose and Hypotension
Authors: Joseph J. Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> As a physician involved in monitoring adverse drug experiences, I was interested in the recent article entitled "Captopril Overdose Resulting in Hypotension."<sup>1</sup>I point out to your readers that the article erred in not including lisinopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor approved for treatment of hypertension. Stuart Pharmaceuticals markets lisinopril as Zestril. I urge your readers to contact either the manufacturer or the Food and Drug Administration if they are aware of serious adverse experiences such as the one referred to in the article.
Self-crosslinked human serum albumin nanocarriers for systemic delivery of polymerized siRNA to tumors
Authors: Sohee Son, Seungyong Song, So Jin Lee, Solki Min, Sun Ah Kim, Ji Young Yhee, Myung Sook Huh, Ick Chan Kwon, Seo Young Jeong, Youngro Byun, Sun Hwa Kim, Kwangmeyung Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Performance, ventilation, and oxygen consumption in three different types of exercise test in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: C R Swinburn, J M Wakefield, P W Jones
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Seventeen patients (six men and 11 women, mean age 66 years) with severe chronic obstructive lung disease (mean FEV1 0.8 (SD 0.3)1) performed three different types of exercise test on four occasions within one week. Three daily doses of placebo tablets were given between the third and fourth attempt at each test. The tests were the 12 minute walking test, a fixed rate and height paced step test, and a cycle ergometer test in which the work rate was increased by 10 watts each minute. Performance increased significantly (p less than 0.01) between the first and fourth attempts in each type of test (12 min walking distance 16% (SD 20%); steps climbed 96% (74%); duration of cycling 29% (41%]. There was a trend for the increase in performance between successive attempts to become progressively smaller but this was not significant. No effect of placebo on exercise performance was detected. The greatest intersubject range of performance was seen in the step test (14-126 steps) and the least in the walking test (438-1014 m). Significant correlations (p less than 0.01) were observed between performance in all three types of exercise test, but the correlations found between the results of the various tests of exercise performance and the FEV1 and the FVC were either weak (p less than 0.05) or non-significant. Ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were subsequently measured and compared in eight patients during all three types of exercise test. Both the VE and the VO2 that were achieved in the step test were significantly greater than in either the cycle or the walking test. No patient was able to reach and sustain steady state values of VE and VO2 in the step test, whereas a steady state for both VE and VO2 was reached and sustained by all eight patients in the walking test. It is suggested that at least three practice attempts at any exercise test should be made before the introduction of either placebo or specific pharmacological treatment and that even then it may be necessary to allow for the effects of further repeated testing in the assessment of the results of treatment.
Leisure time physical activity and coronary heart disease death. The US Railroad Study.
Authors: M L Slattery, D R Jacobs, M Z Nichaman
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Seventeen to 20 years of mortality follow-up were used to study the relation of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) to coronary heart disease mortality and to all-cause mortality in white male US railroad workers (n = 3,043). This cohort was initially examined from 1957 to 1960, reexamined from 1962 to 1964, and followed until 1977 or death. LTPA was ascertained by a precursor of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire. The risk estimate for coronary heart disease death, after adjusting for age, was 1.39 for sedentary men who expended 40 kcal/wk in LTPA compared with very active men who expended 3,632 kcal/wk. This relation was attenuated by adjusting for other coronary heart disease risk factors, but it remained independent and significant. Caloric expenditure in light and moderate activity, as well as that performed in any intense activity, showed independent relations to cardiovascular death and all-cause mortality. Associations were slightly stronger in occupationally sedentary men. These results support the hypothesis that physical activity protects against death from coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality.
Function-Blocking ERBB3 Antibody Inhibits the Adaptive Response to RAF Inhibitor
Authors: Curtis H. Kugel, Edward J. Hartsough, Michael A. Davies, Yulius Y. Setiady, Andrew E. Aplin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

ERBB3/HER3 expression and signaling are upregulated in mutant BRAF melanoma as an adaptive, prosurvival response to FDA-approved RAF inhibitors. Because compensatory ERBB3 signaling counteracts the effects of RAF inhibitors, cotargeting ERBB3 may increase the efficacy of RAF inhibitors in mutant BRAF models of melanoma. Here, we corroborate this concept by showing that the ERBB3 function-blocking monoclonal antibody huHER3-8 can inhibit neuregulin-1 activation of ERBB3 and downstream signaling in RAF-inhibited melanoma cells. Targeting mutant BRAF in combination with huHER3-8 decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in vitro, and decreased tumor burden in vivo, compared with targeting either mutant BRAF or ERBB3 alone. Furthermore, the likelihood of a durable tumor response in vivo was increased when huHER3-8 was combined with RAF inhibitor PLX4720. Together, these results offer a preclinical proof of concept for the application of ERBB3-neutralizing antibodies to enhance the efficacy of RAF inhibitors in melanoma to delay or prevent tumor regrowth. As ERBB3 is often upregulated in response to other kinase-targeted therapeutics, these findings may have implications for other cancers as well.
Adipose Natural Regulatory B Cells Negatively Control Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Satoshi Nishimura, Ichiro Manabe, Satoshi Takaki, Mika Nagasaki, Makoto Otsu, Hiroshi Yamashita, Junichi Sugita, Kotaro Yoshimura, Koji Eto, Issei Komuro, Takashi Kadowaki, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Strategy needed for adolescent patients with cancer
Authors: R C F Leonard, A Gregor, R E Coleman, I Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The care of children with cancer in the United Kingdom has rightly been cited by many professionals as being an outstanding success, translating into year on year improvements in survival for a wide range of haematological and solid cancers. In contrast, the care of adolescents with malignant disease has been unsatisfactory for various reasons and requires a new approach.

Adolescent patients span an age range from early teenage …
Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of chronic proctitis.
Authors: R V Heatley, B J Calcraft, J Rhodes, E Owen, B K Evans
Journal: Gut (1975)

The effect of topical disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) has been examined in 30 patients with chronic active proctitis using a double-blind crossover trial. Each treatment period was four weeks and patients were given DSCG 200 mg by enema twice daily and 100 mg orally three times each day. Twenty-six patients completed the trial successfully, 14 responded to DSCG treatment, two improved with placebo, and 10 responded to neither. Patients who responded to DSCG had significantly more eosinophils in their rectal biopsies than those who failed to respond and in some instances the counts were very high. The findings support the hypothesis than an allergic reaction is important in the pathogenesis of proctitis.
Long&amp;ndash;Term Effectiveness of Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Urge Incontinence
Authors: Ruud A. Janknegt, Ruud A. Janknegt, Magdy M. Hassouna, Magdy M. Hassouna, Steven W. Siegel, Steven W. Siegel, Richard A. Schmidt, Richard A. Schmidt, Jerzy B. Gajewski, Jerzy B. Gajewski, David A. Rivas, David A. Rivas, Mostafa M. Elhilali, Mostafa M. Elhilali, Douglas C. Milam, Douglas C. Milam, Philip E.V. van Kerrebroeck, Philip E.V. van Kerrebroeck, Hero E. Dijkema, Hero E. Dijkema, A.A.B. Lycklama &agrave; N&yuml;eholt, A.A.B. Lycklama &agrave; N&yuml;eholt, Magnus Fall, Magnus Fall, Udo Jonas, Udo Jonas, Francesco Catanzaro, Francesco Catanzaro, Clare J. Fowler, Clare J. Fowler, Kimbery A. Oleson, Kimbery A. Oleson
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I Regulates Neutrophil Activation and Severity of Lung Injury
Authors: Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski, Emmanuel Lorne, Xia Zhao, Yuko Tsuruta, Yonggang Sha, Gang Liu, Gene P. Siegal, Edward Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Mitochondria have important roles in intracellular energy generation, modulation of apoptosis, and redox-dependent intracellular signaling. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, there is only limited information concerning the role of mitochondrially derived ROS in modulating cellular activation and tissue injury associated with acute inflammatory processes.To examine involvement of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I on LPS-mediated NF-kappaB activation in neutrophils and neutrophil-dependent acute lung injury.Neutrophils incubated with rotenone or metformin were treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to determine the effects of mitochondrial complex I inhibition on intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species, NF-kappaB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Acute lung injury was produced by intratracheal injection of LPS into control, metformin, or rotenone-treated mice.Inhibition of complex I with either rotenone or the antihyperglycemic agent metformin was associated with increased intracellular levels of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, as well as inhibition of LPS-induced I kappaB-alpha degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear accumulation, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Treatment of LPS-exposed mice with rotenone or metformin resulted in inhibition of complex I in the lungs, as well as diminished severity of lung injury.These results demonstrate that mitochondrial complex I plays an important role in modulating Toll-like receptor 4-mediated neutrophil activation and suggest that metformin, as well as other agents that inhibit mitochondrial complex I, may be useful in the prevention or treatment of acute inflammatory processes in which activated neutrophils play a major role, such as acute lung injury.
P52 Rising paediatric tuberculosis in Greater Manchester: epidemiology and BCG vaccination status of cases
Authors: F. Sakhinia, J. Robinson, R. McCann, C. Bell, F. Child, C. S. Murray
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Tuberculosis cases in Greater Manchester (GM) have increased annually since 2004. The Paediatric TB clinic at Royal Manchester Children9s Hospital has grown since its inception in 2004, but it is unclear as to whether this is due to a true increase in cases or a change in referral patterns. At the same time the uptake of BCG vaccine is sub-optimal. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the incidence, epidemiology and BCG vaccination eligibility and status of childhood tuberculosis cases in GM between 2006 and 2010. <h3>Methods</h3> All children (≤16 years) notified through the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance System between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2010 were identified. Vaccination records were obtained from Primary Care Child Health Systems. Missing data were supplemented with examination of case-notes. Eligibility for BCG vaccine was determined by place of birth and ethnicity. <h3>Results</h3> 215 children (89 male; mean age 8.8 years) were notified over the 5 years. A rise of 64.5% in overall number of cases was reported from 2006 to 2010. Pakistanis comprised 39.1% of TB cases, Black Africans 28.8% and white British 14.9%. The majority of children were UK-born (60.5%). Of non-UK born cases 67.1% entered the UK within 2 years of their diagnosis. Of 130 UK-born children, 111 were deemed eligible for BCG vaccination. Of these 85 (75.6%) received the vaccine. Of 85 children born outside the UK, vaccination status could not be determined in 8, and one child was ineligible for vaccination. Vaccination was confirmed in 53% of non-UK born children (BCG record or BCG scar). In children who had not received BCG, although the number of cases was very small, a threefold higher risk of more severe forms of infection (military, CNS involvement) was identified. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There has been a significant rise in incidence of Paediatric TB in GM over the last 5 years. The reason for this remains unclear. However, BCG vaccination uptake rates were poor (75% of UK born individuals and 67% overall). Systems for identifying eligible children and immunising them need to be reviewed and strengthened both for high risk neonates and children entering the country.
Phylogenetic Analysis of RhoGAP Domain-Containing Proteins
Authors: Marcelo M. Brandão, Karina L. Silva-Brandão, Fernando F. Costa, Sara T.O. Saad
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract Proteins containing an Rho GTPase-activating protein (RhoGAP) domain work as molecular switches involved in the regulation of diverse cellular functions. The ability of these GTPases to regulate a wide number of cellular processes comes from their interactions with multiple effectors and inhibitors, including the RhoGAP family, which stimulates their intrinsic GTPase activity. Here, a phylogenetic approach was applied to study the evolutionary relationship among 59 RhoGAP domain-containing proteins. The sequences were aligned by their RhoGAP domains and the phylogenetic hypotheses were generated using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses. The character tracing of two traits, GTPase activity and presence of other domains, indicated a significant phylogenetic signal for both of them.
Body weight and mortality in middle aged British men: impact of smoking.
Authors: G. Wannamethee, A. G. Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the relation between body mass index and mortality in middle aged British men.Men who were recruited for the British Regional Heart Study were followed up for a mean of nine years.General practices in 24 British towns.7735 Men aged 40-59 years selected from the age-sex registers of one group practice in each of the 24 towns.Mortality from cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes.660 Of the men died. There was a U-shaped relation between body mass index and total mortality. Very lean men (less than 20 kg/m2) had by far the highest mortality followed by lean men (20-22 kg/m2) and obese men (greater than or equal to 28 kg/m2). The high mortality in lean and very lean men was due largely to non-cardiovascular causes, particularly lung cancer and respiratory disease, which are associated with cigarette smoking. In obese men deaths were more likely to be due to cardiovascular causes. There was a strong inverse association between body weight and cigarette smoking. When the pattern of mortality was examined by age, smoking habits, and pre-existing smoking related disease both very lean men and obese men consistently had an increased mortality. The U-shaped relation was most prominent in men in the oldest age group (55-59). Current smokers had a higher mortality than former smokers at virtually all values of body mass index. An increased mortality in lean men was seen only in current smokers and in men with smoking related disease. Among men who had never smoked, lean men had the lowest total mortality, thereafter mortality increased with increasing body mass index (p less than 0.01).This study provides strong evidence of the impact of cigarette smoking on body weight and mortality and strongly suggests that the benefits of giving up smoking are far greater than the problems associated with the increase in weight that may occur.