tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormal lymphocyte deoxyuridine suppression test: A reliable indicator of decreased lymphocyte folate levels
Authors: Neville Colman, Victor Herbert
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract The deoxyuridine (dU) suppression test measures the availability of folate and, indirectly, vitamin B 12 in de novo thymidine synthesis and is of established value in defining biochemical megaloblastosis in bone marrow cells. Recent studies have suggested that the application of this test to DNA synthesis in transformed lymphocytes may be valuable in defining nutrient deficiency that is subtle, masked, or present in some cell lines but not in others. This use of the test has not been fully accepted because lymphocyte folate and B 12 levels had not been simultaneously measured prior to the current study. In this study, vitamin availability for the dU suppression test was closely correlated with folate levels in radioassay and less well correlated with vitamin B 12 levels in the cell. The folate levels varied widely when dU suppression was efficient but were uniformly low in subjects with ineffective dU suppression. These studies validate the use of the lymphocyte dU suppression test as a means of detecting folate deficiency in this cell line.
A MODIFIED RIB-RESECTION OPERATION FOR EMPYEMA
Authors: GEORGE SCHWARTZ
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Numerous articles have appeared in the literature since the war giving arguments pro and con regarding the open and closed methods of treating empyema. The report of the United States Empyema Commission gives very definite facts and data as to the best methods of treating empyema. Its work is conclusive, and has thrown much new light on the subject. Ashhurst1says that the conclusion of the empyema commission and the consensus of clinical experience as far as treatment is concerned may be summed up as follows: (a) cases of pleural effusion suspected of being purulent should be aspirated, and if the effusion is massive, most of it should be removed by aspiration one or two days before resection of the rib is undertaken; (b) if the fluid found on puncture is serous or seropurulent, resection usually may be postponed until frank pus has formed, as the delay will permit
Case 30-1962
Authors: John D. Stoeckle, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of Case First admission. An eighteen-year-old boy was referred to the hospital because of bloody diarrhea.Six months previously the patient was admitted to another hospital because of an episode of syncope; all studies, including an upper gastrointestinal series, an electroencephalogram and the neurologic examination, were negative. Thereafter, he experienced episodic weakness without loss of consciousness and began to pass 3 or 4 loose, watery stools daily, without abdominal pain, nausea, hematemesis or melena. After an attack of "flu" five months before entry he had an abscessed tooth, which was extracted. Dysuria, pyuria, urinary urgency and frequency and swelling . . .
Abnormal Cellular Metabolism in Sepsis
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Hotchkiss and Karl<sup>1</sup>review the somewhat paradoxical literature regarding changes in cellular metabolism that occur in sepsis. Their study begins with an apt quotation stating that, the more you look into a complicated problem, the more complicated the problem becomes. This is a virtual understatement when applied to our knowledge of sepsis.<sup>2</sup>This study is one of scientific interest— one that could turn out to be of great importance in our understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and in finding new treatments for the syndrome. When you look at a problem from a direction that challenges conventional wisdom, you may also be getting a view that helps you to finally resolve the problem. See also p 1503. The authors advance a provocative theory that challenges the traditional views regarding the occurrence of hypoxia and elevated blood lactate levels in patients with sepsis.
Comparison of the respiratory responses to external resistive loading and bronchoconstriction.
Authors: S G Kelsen, T F Prestel, N S Cherniack, E H Chester, E C Deal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

The effects of resistive loads applied at the mouth were compared to the effects of bronchospasm on ventilation, respiratory muscle force (occlusion pressure), and respiratory sensations in 6 normal and 11 asthmatic subjects breathing 100% O2. External resistive loads ranging from 0.65 to 13.33 cm H2O/liter per s were applied during both inspiration and expiration. Bronchospasm was induced by inhalation of aerosolized methacholine. Bronchospasm increased ventilation, inspiratory airflow, respiratory rate, and lowered PACO2. External resistive loading, on the other hand, reduced respiratory rate and inspiratory flow, but left ventilation and PACO2 unaltered. FRC increased to a greater extent with bronchospasm than external flow resistive loads. With both bronchospasm and external loading, occlusion pressure increased in proportion to the rise in resistance to airflow. However, the change in occlusion pressure produced by a given change in resistance and the absolute level of occlusion pressure at comparable levels of airway resistance were greater during bronchospasm than during external loading. These differences in occlusion pressure responses to the two forms of obstruction were not explained by differences in chemical drive or respiratory muscle mechanical advantage. Although the subjects' perception of the effort involved in breathing was heightened during both forms of obstruction to airflow, at any given level of resistance the sense of effort was greater with bronchospasm than external loading. Inputs from mechanoreceptors in the lungs (e.g., irritant receptors) and/or greater stimulation of chest wall mechanoreceptors as a result of increases in lung elastance may explain the differing responses elicited by the two forms of resistive loading.
STK33 Kinase Activity Is Nonessential in KRAS-Dependent Cancer Cells
Authors: Carol Babij, Yihong Zhang, Robert J. Kurzeja, Anke Munzli, Amro Shehabeldin, Manory Fernando, Kim Quon, Paul D. Kassner, Astrid A. Ruefli-Brasse, Vivienne J. Watson, Flordeliza Fajardo, Angela Jackson, James Zondlo, Yu Sun, Aaron R. Ellison, Cherylene A. Plewa, Miguel Tisha San, John Robinson, John McCarter, Ralf Schwandner, Ted Judd, Josette Carnahan, Isabelle Dussault
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Despite the prevalence of KRAS mutations in human cancers, there remain no targeted therapies for treatment. The serine-threonine kinase STK33 has been proposed to be required for the survival of mutant KRAS-dependent cell lines, suggesting that small molecule kinase inhibitors of STK33 may be useful to treat KRAS-dependent tumors. In this study, we investigated the role of STK33 in mutant KRAS human cancer cells using RNA interference, dominant mutant overexpression, and small molecule inhibitors. As expected, KRAS downregulation decreased the survival of KRAS-dependent cells. In contrast, STK33 downregulation or dominant mutant overexpression had no effect on KRAS signaling or survival of these cells. Similarly, a synthetic lethal siRNA screen conducted in a broad panel of KRAS wild-type or mutant cells identified KRAS but not STK33 as essential for survival. We also obtained similar negative results using small molecule inhibitors of the STK33 kinase identified by high-throughput screening. Taken together, our findings refute earlier proposals that STK33 inhibition may be a useful therapeutic approach to target human KRAS mutant tumors.
Wide Complex Tachycardia: Misdiagnosis and Outcome After Emergent Therapy
Authors: ROBERT B. STEWART
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The extent and consequence of misdiagnosis of wide complex tachycardia (QRS1 120 ms or more; heart rate, 100 or more beats/min) presenting emergently were assessed. Forty-six consecutive episodes of wide complex tachycardia were reviewed and their tachycardia mechanisms subsequently established. All 8 episodes of supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction were correctly diagnosed, whereas 15 of 38 episodes of ventricular tachycardia (39%) were misdiagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia at the time initial therapy was given. Ventriculoatrial dissociation was evident in 11 (73%) of the electrocardiograms of misdiagnosed ventricular tachycardia. Patients with misdiagnosed episodes had poorer outcomes than those with episodes correctly diagnosed (p=0.0003). Verapamil was administered to patients in 13 of the 15 episodes of misdiagnosed ventricular tachycardia; hemodynamic deterioration occurred in all 13 episodes. Wide complex tachycardia is often incorrectly diagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia when, in fact, the 12-lead electrocardiogram strongly suggests ventricular tachycardia. Verapamil is commonly administered in these circumstances and is frequently associated with a poor outcome.
Effect of free fatty acids on myocardial function and metabolism in the ischemic dog heart
Authors: John K. Kjekshus, Ole D. Mjøs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Since elevation of plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) increases myocardial oxygen consumption without influencing mechanical performance in normal hearts, it was the purpose of this study to determine whether FFA would modify mechanical performance at limited oxygen supply. Left coronary blood flow was reduced by gradual clamping of a shunt from the left carotid artery until moderate ventricular dilatation supervened. Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), its maximal rate of rise (dP/dt) and stroke volume (SV) were unchanged or slightly reduced. The ischemia resulted in a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) from 9.7±1.1 ml/min to 7.9±0.8 ml/min, and myocardial lactate uptake was reduced or reversed to excretion. Increasing the plasma concentrations of FFA from 359±47 μEq/1 to 3688±520 μEq/1 by intravenous infusion of a triglyceride emulsion and heparin resulted in further ventricular dilatation, accompanied by increased excretion of lactate. The ventricular decompensation and enhancement of anaerobic myocardial metabolism associated with increased uptake of FFA was not related to changes in coronary flow, MVO2, or LVSP. dP/dt and SV were virtually unchanged. Intravenous infusion of glucose/insulin, which lowered plasma concentrations of FFA, reversed ventricular dilatation and lactate excretion.
CHATFIELD-GIRDLESTONE SPLINT
Authors: Charles M. Chatfield
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —In the ordinary course of events, the columns ofThe Journalmight not be open to me exactly, but as your pages have unwittingly done me an error, I wish to have the courtesy of a little space for the necessary correction.  Although it was made known to me just about a year ago, while in a hospital in Boston, that I had been some months previously the indirect subject of an article by Dr. Philip Lewin of Chicago, only this morning did I have the opportunity of seeing what the article contained.  reprint comes fromThe Journal, Nov. 13, 1926, p. 1644, under the caption The Girdlestone Splint for Bilateral Deltoid Paralysis.  I devised the splint myself, while at the Wingfield Orthopaedic Hospital, Headington, England, and while under the care of so eminent a British surgeon as Mr. Girdlestone. It was decided to call the
THE SURGERY OF BILIARY CALCULI.
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

I shall restrict my remarks to the surgical aspect of biliary calculi, as a consideration of the causation, frequency, symptoms of the various phases, their diagnosis and discriminating diagnoses, widespread complications, prognosis and medical treatment, so-called, would lead me far beyond the limits of a thesis of this character. It may not be amiss, however, in describing the surgery of the gall-tracts, to allude to the very great frequency of gall-stones, as almost all organic diseases of the biliary reservoir and ducts are directly or indirectly dependent upon them. The frequent findings of unsuspected gall-stones at autopsies is not a valid contraindication to operation in cases which, from certain complications, menace well-being and perhaps life. The causation has been held to be the stagnation of bile with an altered condition of the epithelium, forming both the nucleus and media for their development and resulting from various mechanical, diathetic and inflammatory
Effect of cellular uncoupling by heptanol on conduction in infarcted myocardium.
Authors: J F Spear, C W Balke, M D Lesh, A H Kadish, J L Levine, E N Moore
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Experiments were performed in vitro on six normal thin ventricular epicardial tissue strips and 10 strips removed from the infarcted regions of dogs 21-60 days after experimental myocardial infarction. Conduction was evaluated by mapping activation sequences at 40-45 sites over an area of 1 x 2 cm during pacing at a basic cycle length of 2,000 msec. The amplitude and length of recorded electrograms were also determined at each site. After control recordings, heptanol, which increases gap junctional resistance, was added to the tissue bath at concentrations ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 mM. In contrast to its effect on normal tissues, heptanol caused 75 of 260 previously active sites in the infarcted tissues to become inactive. The affected sites were located in areas of very slow conduction and/or adjacent to areas of preexisting conduction block. In addition, heptanol decreased the length and degree of fractionation of electrograms recorded in slowly conducting regions of the infarcted tissues. The magnitude of the decrease in electrogram length following heptanol was related to the degree of electrogram abnormality during control as reflected in the ratio of electrogram length to amplitude. Heptanol shortened electrograms by causing local conduction block, which eliminated some components of the fractionated electrograms. In an additional eight epicardial strips removed from the infarcted region, 0.5 mM heptanol had only a slight effect (10.7% decrease) on the maximum rate of membrane depolarization. Thus, heptanol does not act primarily by way of depressing the fast inward current. We conclude from heptanol's effects on conduction and electrogram characteristics that slow and dissociated conduction in the infarcted region is due to an abnormality in gap junctional distribution between surviving cells and/or an abnormality in individual gap junctional function.
Nature of the Blood Coagulation Mechanisms in SPCA Plasma
Authors: WALTER H. SEEGERS, NORMA ALKJAERSIG
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Derivatives of purified prothrombin and substances required for the formation of a derivative have been studied in connection with SPCA deficient plasma. The deficiency can be corrected in vitro with prothrombin derivatives. It is concluded that the SPCA patient cannot convert prothrombin to autoprothrombin and thrombin in the same way as a normal individual, and that the precursor of SPCA is prothrombin.
Cimetidine in chronic idiopathic urticaria: a randomized double-blind study
Authors: C. A. COMMENS, M. W. GREAVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article Cimetidine in chronic idiopathic urticaria: a randomized double‐blind study Get access C. A. COMMENS, C. A. COMMENS Institute of Dermatology and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London E9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. W. GREAVES M. W. GREAVES Institute of Dermatology and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London E9 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue 6, 1 December 1978, Pages 675–679, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb07062.x Published: 01 December 1978
Cardiac hypertrophy in Friedreich's ataxia
Authors: K.J. Osterziel, N. Bit-Avragim, M. Bunse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Dear Editor, would suggest recalculating the data with respect to Recently, Lodi et al. described a deficiency of cardiac accepted definitions of myocardial hypertrophy.energetics in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) patients in the absence of cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy [1].The authors concluded that cardiac metabolic dysfunction proceeds the development of myocardial hypertrophy. R eferencesIn this manuscript left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as a septal (IVS) or posterior (PW) wall [1] Lodi R, Rajagopalan B, Blamire AM et al.Cardiac energetics are thickness of $11 mm.abnormal in Friedreich ataxia patients in the absence of cardiac 31 dysfunction and hypertrophy: an in vivo P magnetic resonance Most researchers, however, define hypertrophy when spectroscopy study.Cardiovasc Res 2001;52:111-119.wall thickness is $13 mm [2-4].This is a well-established [2] Charron P, Dubourg O, Desnos M et al.Diagnostic value of and widely used criterion for hypertrophy.electrocardiography and echocardiography for familial hypertrophic Also, wall thickness depends on height, weight and sex.cardiomyopathy in a genotyped adult population.Circulation
The activation of directional stem cell motility by green light-emitting diode irradiation
Authors: Wei-Kee Ong, How-Foo Chen, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Yun-Ju Fu, Yi-Shan Wong, Da-Jen Yen, Tzu-Hao Chang, Hsien-Da Huang, Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee, Shu Chien, Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
One year cancer survival rates in England remain poor despite national strategies, report finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

One year cancer survival rates in England remain poor compared with those in some other European countries despite government strategies to improve the management of cancer over the past decade, warns a report published on 1 March, which recommends more work to improve early diagnosis.

The report from the House of Commons public accounts committee, which scrutinises government expenditure, examined NHS performance in delivering cancer services, including the cost and outcomes achieved.

The committee found that the NHS had made substantial progress in improving cancer services over the past 10 years, based on the NHS Cancer Plan published in 2000 and the Cancer Reform Strategy published in 2007. It found reductions in mortality rates for several cancers and services consistently achieving waiting time targets for cancer patients.

But figures showed that one year survival rates for several cancers are still poor compared with those in the best performing European countries. The committee suggested that this …
Adenosine does not mediate renal sodium retention and peripheral vasodilation elicited by partial portal vein ligation in rats
Authors: S Murakami, J F Bernardo, R A Branch, R Sabra
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

This study was conducted to assess the role of adenosine in the peripheral vasodilation and sodium retention that occurs after partial portal vein ligation (PVL) in the rat. The experiment was performed on day 1 after surgery when transient maximal sodium retention developed and day 7 when rats returned to sodium balance. Hemodynamic studies were conducted under anesthesia in portal hypertensive rats with sodium retention and in sham-operated controls. Measurements were obtained before and after administration of a nonselective A 1 and A 2 adenosine receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (DPSPX) (10 mg/kg intravenously followed by 150 μg/min). Under baseline conditions, portal hypertensive rats with sodium retention were hypotensive, with decreases in total peripheral resistance and filtration fraction on day 1 in comparison with the control group. Although hyperdynamic circulation was still maintained by day 7, there was a return to sodium balance. The adenosine receptor antagonist had a modest vasoconstrictor effect on systemic and renal vasculature in both groups, but less in portal hypertensive rats. However, no change in glomerular filtration rate was observed. DPSPX induced a natriuresis in control rats (from 0.40 ± 0.11 to 5.97 ± 0.61 mEq/min on day 1, from 0.48 ± 0.20 to 6.34 ± 0.45 mEq/min on day 7). This response was attenuated in portal hypertensive rats on day 1 (from 0.14 ± 0.04 to 1.67 ± 0.57 mEq/min), but not on day 7 (from 0.20 ± 0.06 to 5.11 ± 0.55 mEq/min). These results suggest that in portal hypertensive rats (1) adenosine is not responsible for vasodilation and sodium retention, (2) a sodium-retaining factor acting directly on the renal tubule is responsible for sodium retention.
SUPRAPUBIC CYSTOTOMY vs. PERINEAL SECTION.
Authors: JAMES M. PARROTT
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In 1561 that bold surgeon, Pierre Franco, performed the first suprapubic cystotomy for the extraction of a vesical calculus. It is said that he performed it only as the last extremity and that his patient died. The first operation of this character performed in this country was by Gibson, with like results; his patient, Agnew says, died of peritonitis. Prior to Gibson's feat the "high operation," as it is frequently called, was attempted with more or less success by several eminent English surgeons. Though it did not fulfill the expectations of a great many at that time, yet it even then gained a certain amount of popularity. This prominence, however, was of short duration, the operation very soon being set aside and generally considered as one to be performed only in certain rare conditions where none other could be done. It met its early fate at that period because of
Smoke inhalation with a concurrent systemic stress results in lung alveolar injury.
Authors: S R Thom, I Mendiguren, T Van Winkle, D Fisher, A B Fisher
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Smoke inhalation causes injuries to lung airways, and, at times, alveolar inflammation also develops over approximately 24 h. The pathophysiology of parenchymal lung injuries is unknown, and it is often fatal. We hypothesized that an inflammatory stress remote from the smoke-related lung insult was required for development of alveolar injuries. Spontaneously breathing rats were exposed, head only, to smoke generated by nonflaming pyrolysis (smoldering) of Douglas fir wood (DF), polyvinylchloride (PVC), or the combination of DF+PVC. Intraperitoneal injection of sterile oyster shell glycogen 4 h before smoke inhalation was used as an extra inflammatory stimulus. Histologic examinations revealed extensive airway inflammation in all smoke-exposed groups. Glycogen peritonitis alone caused no lung injuries, and in the absence of glycogen, smoke inhalation caused neither parenchymal lung injuries, assessed by [125I]bovine serum albumin (BSA) leakage, nor neutrophil infiltration, quantified by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. However, in rats pretreated with glycogen and studied 24 h after exposure to smoke from burning DF+PVC, [125I]BSA permeability was increased by 232 +/- 41% (SE; n = 13), MPO activity was increased 5-fold, from 2.6 +/- 0.4 (n = 7) to 13.9 +/- 1.4 (n = 19) A460/min/g lung, and histopathologic findings included extensive pulmonary inflammation. We conclude that inhalation of certain types of smoke will trigger pulmonary injury when an inflammatory process remote from the lungs is present.
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Showing Extraosseous Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in a Metastatic Inguinal Lymph Node on Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: İlknur Ak, Suna Ocak
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

We report a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma that showed extraosseous accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in a metastatic lymph node. The patient was a 61-year-old man with histopathologically proven cutaneous malignant melanoma in his left foot. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated extraosseous Tc-99m MDP accumulation in a left inguinal lymph node as a hyperactive focus. The histopathological diagnosis was lymphatic infiltration of malignant melanoma to the left inguinal lymph node. There have been a few cases showing abnormal extraosseous accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in malignant melanoma lesions in soft tissue.