tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End-Expiratory Lung Volume during Arm and Leg Exercise in Normal Subjects and Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: JENNIFER A. ALISON, JEFF A. REGNIS, PETER M. DONNELLY, ROGER D. ADAMS, COLIN E. SULLIVAN, PETER T. P. BYE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

There are no reports concerning the regulation of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and flow-volume relationships during upper limb exercise in health and disease. We studied EELV during such exercise in 22 adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and nine age-matched healthy control subjects. Subjects with CF were grouped according to the severity of their lung disease, as follows: mild = FEV1 > 80% predicted; moderate = FEV1 40 to 80% predicted, and severe = FEV1 < 40% predicted. EELV was calculated from measurements of inspiratory capacity (IC) made at each workload during an incremental arm and leg ergometer test to peak work capacity. In the control group, the decrease in EELV was significantly smaller for arm than for leg exercise at peak work (-0.13 L versus -0.53 L, p < 0.001) and for arm than for leg exercise at an equivalent submaximal ventilation (-0.13 L versus -0.46 L, p < 0.01). In the groups with moderate and severe CF, arm exercise resulted in an increase in EELV from resting levels (dynamic hyperinflation) that was not significantly different from the increase observed for leg exercise. For CF subjects there was a significant inverse relationship between FEV1 and changes in EELV from rest to peak arm exercise (r = -0.46, p < 0.05). In normal subjects, there was a difference in the EELV response for arm versus leg exercise. In CF subjects with airflow limitation, dynamic hyperinflation occurred with both forms of exercise.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in African Patients
Authors: Nathan Clumeck, Jean Sonnet, Henri Taelman, Françoise Mascart-Lemone, Marc De Bruyere, Philippe Vandeperre, Jean Dasnoy, Luc Marcelis, Monique Lamy, Claude Jonas, Luc Eyckmans, Henri Noel, Michel Vanhaeverbeek, Jean-Paul Butzler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Between May 1979 and April 1983, 18 previously healthy African patients were hospitalized in Belgium with opportunistic infections (cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis, progressive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, candidiasis, or cryptosporidiosis) or Kaposi's sarcoma, or with both. Ten of them died. During the same period five other patients were hospitalized with an illness consistent with a prodrome of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (chronic lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and diarrhea). All patients tested had a marked decrease in helper T cells; an inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T cells, and a decreased or absent blastogenic response of lymphocytes to mitogens. Twenty patients had anergy. There was no evidence of an underlying immunosuppressive disease and no history of blood-product transfusion, homosexuality, or intravenous-drug abuse. This syndrome in patients originating in Central Africa is similar to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reported in American patients.
We can communicate better thanks to the new act
Authors: P. N Furness
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The recent article describes a disastrous communication breakdown—as usual, at a point of transfer between two systems.1 In this case, from health care to law. 

With this transfer, secrecy descends to protect the purity of any evidence that might subsequently be presented in court. The NHS has no option here; helping the relatives is not the primary purpose of the …
Cardiovascular effects of prostaglandin E1 in experimental myocardial infarction
Authors: I. HUTTON, J. R. PARRATT, T. D. V. LAWRIE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The effects of prostaglandin E1 on systemic and coronary haemodynamics were studied in cats before and after acute coronary artery ligation. Myocardial blood flow was measured using a heat clearance technique. Before coronary artery ligation, PGE1 caused systemic arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance to decrease and heart rate to increase. There was no significant change in the right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and external cardiac work. There was an increase in myocardial contractility (dp/dt max) and myocardial blood flow. After coronary artery ligation there were more pronounced decreases in the systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance, with no increase in myocardial contractility and only slight increase in the blood flow in the ischaemic area of the myocardium.
Induction of monooxygenation in rainbow trout by polybrominated biphenyls: a comparative study.
Authors: C R Elcombe, J J Lech
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Two commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures (Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1242) and one polybrominated biphenyl mixture (FireMaster BP-6) were examined for their abilities to induce hepatic microsomal monooxygenation in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Pretreatment of rainbow trout with Aroclors 1254 and 1242 (150 mg/kg IP) resulted in an approximate 10-fold induction of arylhydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylation, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation within 7 days after injection. These enzyme activities remained elevated above control values for at least 2-3 weeks. Administration of FireMaster BP-6 (150 mg/kg IP) also resulted in an induction of several monooxygenase activities. Arylhydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylation, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation were increased by 6-, 3,- and 25-fold, respectively. Only the latter two activities remained elevated two weeks post-injection. Ethylmorphine-N-demethylation was unaffected by the polyhalogenated biphenyls. Significant increases in P-450 hemoprotein were not observed after pretreatment with any of the polyhalogenated biphenyls studied.
Comparison of Thyroid Preparations
Authors: Arye Lev-Ran
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  Jacobson et al (1980;243:733) and Shroff and Jones (1980;244:658) recently stressed the differences between various thyroxine (T 4 ) preparations. Equally important are differences between preparations and batches of desiccated thyroid and thyroglobulin. The ratio of levothyroxine sodium to liothyronine sodium in the Armour Thyroid (desiccated thyroid) is 4.3; in Proloid (thyroglobulin), 2.9. Both preparations are sometimes more potent than claimed. 1 Generic thyroid preparations have variable T 4 and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) content (1980;243:549). 2 As a result, sometimes the patients treated with such preparations have development of thyrotoxicosis with normal T 4 and high T 3 levels. We observed this in 28 adults (27 of them women) aged 18 to 70 years. Blood was drawn in the morning, 24 hours after the previous dose; in view of the short half-life of T 3 in the blood, this could only underestimate the degree of hypertriiodothyroninemia.
High blood pressure. detection and treatment by general practitioners.
Authors: C Hodes, P A Rogers, M G Everitt
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A questionnaire was sent to a 10% random sample of general practitioners in England and Wales on their attitudes to the detection and treatment of hypertension; 62% responded and no further inquiry was made. Their view on detection and criteria for treatment and investigations performed were considered in relation to their background. More of the older practitioners always measured blood pressure and 36% of all practitioners believed that hypertensive patients usually present with symptoms. Altogether 91% thought that strokes could be prevented by treating hypertension, and only 18% reported difficulty in keeping patients on treatment. Older practitioners preferred to measure the distolic pressure using phase five, while the younger preferred phase four. Nearly all doctors were satisfied with their current sphygmomanometers.
TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION: A NEW THERAPEUTIC MEASURE
Authors: H. O. Gunewardene
Journal: BMJ (1933)

JOURNAL rm~~~~~~~~~~ shadows which suggested old calcified tuberculous gland at the root of the lung, but there was no evidence of any changes in the suprarenal glands.A Mantoux test gave a marked positive reaction with vesiculation, followed by induration, which persisted for several weeks in dilution 1 in 10,000;with dilutions 1 in 100,000 and 1 in 1,000,000 the results were negative.There was a marked general reaction, the temperature rose to 103.80 F. and the pulse to 112 per minute, with headache, recovery being only completed on the fifth day.There were no symptomns pointing to a focal reaction.Laboratory investigations showed: red cells per c.mm., 6,010,000; haemoglobin, 94 per cent.; colour index, 0.78 ; white cells per c.mm., 6,800.Differential count gave: polymorphonuclears, 43.2 per cent.; lymphocytes, 51.2 per cent.; and eosinophils, 5.6 per cent.Meinicke reactionnegative.Blood urea 40 mg.per cent.Urine normal.Blood sugar fasting, and twenty-four hours after an injection of eucortone, 72 mg. per cent.; after 50 grams dextrose half- hourly readings gave the figures 109, 83, 72, and 80.On another occasion, ninety-six hours after the last injection of eucortone, the blood sugar was 80 mg. per cent.; the boy felt weak and fainted.The blood pressure was 78/50.After the administration of eucortone, 5 c.cm. intravenously, and 50 grams of dextrose by mouth half-hourly estima- tions of blood sugar yielded the following results, 117, 113, 94, 68, and 78.Blood pressure readings taken at ten-minute intervals after an injection of eucortone showed no rise of blood pressure.Progress of Case From February 6th till March 15th, inclusive, the patient received 5 c.cm. eucortone intravenously each day, with the exception of the ninety-six hours above-mentioned.Under this treatment he remained free of most of his symptoms, e;uch as vomiting, insomnia, anorexia; but there was only a gain of 2 lb. in weight.There was but slight lessening of pigmentation, and the blood pressure varied between 70/50 and 78/50.On March 1st three horizontal lineae atrophicae had appeared on either side of the spine opposite the eighth and ninth dorsal spinous processes.Lines of lighter colour, like those already mentioned above, had appeared, two on each' side, symmetrically placed along the pectoral margin of the axilla, and one running from the sternal notch towards the umbilicus.
Intracoronary Streptokinase versus Intravenous Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ludwig Kaspar, Ronald Karnik, Ernst Sehnal, Peter Zajicek, Bert Ziegler, Jörg Slany
Journal: Drugs (1987)
Successful Resections for Bilateral Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Harold A. Lyons, Edgar P. Mannix
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ALTHOUGH pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas were first reported in 1897 by Churton1 the significance of these lesions has been overlooked until recent years. The first report of a case diagnosed clinically with certitude was made in 1939 by Smith and Horton,2 and in the same year Hepburn and Dauphinee3 described for the first time the surgical treatment of these lesions. In 1946 Lindgren4 wrote one of the early reports of the x-ray manifestations of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. There are now over 150 cases reported in the literature, including the excellent description of the syndrome by Burchell and Clagett.5 Nevertheless, pulmonary arteriovenous . . .
Interstitial deletion of chromosome 5, del(5q), in a newborn with down syndrome and an unusual hematologic disorder
Authors: Roberta H. Adams, Richard S. Lemons, Maya Thangavelu, Michelle M. Le Beau, Robert D. Christensen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A newborn with Down syndrome was noted on the 1st day of life to have an elevated white blood cell count of 79,900/mm 3 with 62% lymphoblasts and a platelet count of 61,000/ 3 , consistent with either transient myeloproliterative disorder of Down syndrome (TMD) or acute leukemia. Karyotype analysis of a bone marrow aspirate revealed that 20% of the cells had a 47,XY, + 21 karyotype, and 80% had a 47,XY, + 21, del(5)(q13q31) complement. Cytochemical and immunophenotyping of the peripheral blasts were consistent with the presence of an acute undifferentiated precursor blast clone. Results of clonogenic assays of hematopoietic progenitors from this patient's bone marrow were similar to those of patients with TMD. This patient's hematologic abnormalities resolved spontaneously without treatment by week 10 of life. This is the first report of an interstitial deletion of 5q associated with a hematologic abnormality present in an infant at birth.
An outline of formal logic and its applications in medicine--II.
Authors: J K Slaney
Journal: BMJ (1987)

An outline of formal logic and its applications in medicine II JOHN K SLANEY III-Logic and life: the application of formal systems Any science-physical, biomedical, or any other-has as its outcome theories.Theories may, as suggested in the last section, be considered as sets ofstatements closed under logic.Thus logic is the abstract theory of theories.A system of logic works on theories in two ways.Firstly, it issues permissions to argue in certain ways.It offers guarantees that certain forms of argument-the ones that it delivers as valid-will never introduce falsehood into any body of theory.Arguing in the permitted ways may bring hidden falsehoods to light but will not itself be the source of any error.Secondly, it prohibits certain sorts of theory.Specifically, it prohibits theories that do not contain all their own logical consequences.The significance of this fact will become apparent in the next section.In that it provides a characterisation of the concept of "theory," logic relates to medical science in just the same way as to other sciences, no more and no less closely.A second way in which logic impinges on medicine is by imposing constraints on actual passages of argument.All rational activity is subject to rules; it is a virtue of the way in which it is governed by
P2-314: First line chemotherapy with sequential administration of gemcitabine followed by docetaxel in elderly advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: a multicenter phase II study
Authors: Carmelo Tibaldi, Enrico Vasile, Andrea Antonuzzo, Roberta Di Marsico, Gianna Tartarelli, Alessandro Fabbri, Monica Lo Dico, Enrica Mazzoni, Michele Andreuccetti, Alfredo Falcone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Linear Cryoablation of the Left Atrium Versus Pulmonary Vein Cryoisolation in Patients With Permanent Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Fiorenzo Gaita, Riccardo Riccardi, Domenico Caponi, Dipen Shah, Lucia Garberoglio, Laura Vivalda, Alessandro Dulio, Andrea Chiecchio, Eric Manasse, Roberto Gallotti
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The aim of this study was to clarify the role of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone versus left atrial linear lesions in the treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with left atrial dilatation and valvular disease. The primary end point was to assess the persistence of sinus rhythm (SR) off antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) at 2-year follow-up and to correlate clinical outcome with surgical results validated with electroanatomic mapping (EAM).A total of 105 patients with permanent AF undergoing valve surgery were assigned to 3 different groups: in groups "U" and "7," left atrial linear cryoablation was performed, whereas in group "PV" patients, anatomic cryoisolation of pulmonary veins only was performed. In groups U and 7, SR was achieved in 57% of patients, whereas it was achieved in 20% of PV patients during 2-year follow-up. In the first 51 patients, the ablation schemes were validated with EAM. The EAM showed that the U lesion was never obtained: in 59% of these patients, a complete 7 lesion was achieved instead; in the 7 group, a complete 7 lesion was present in 65% of patients, whereas a complete PVI was obtained in 71% of patients. Considering patients in whom a complete 7 lesion was demonstrated with the EAM, SR without AADs was achieved in 86% of patients, whereas only 25% of patients with complete PVI were in SR without AADs.In patients with permanent AF, left atrial dilatation and valvular heart disease linear lesions in the posterior region of the left atrium are more effective than PVI alone. With cryoablation, the surgical intent is fulfilled in only approximately 65% of the cases. Knowing the real anatomic and electrophysiological effects of surgical ablation is necessary to correctly interpret the clinical outcome.
Melanonychia due to <i>Candida humicola</i>
Authors: A. Vélez, J-C. Fernández-Roldán, M. Linares, M. Casal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Melanonychia due to Candida humicola Get access A. Vélez, A. Vélez Section of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐C. Fernández‐Roldán, J‐C. Fernández‐Roldán Section of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Linares, M. Linares Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Casal M. Casal Service of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 2, 1 February 1996, Pages 375–376, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07639.x Published: 01 February 1996
THE USE OF ADRENAL SUBSTANCE IN THE TREATMENT OF ASTHMA.
Authors: SOLOMON SOLIS-COHEN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The experience I have to submit in the use of adrenal substance in this particular connection, is of but little importance, except as a link in a chain of studies. The synthesis of disease—i. e., the manner in which syndrome groups are built up, and the reason of their association—is beginning to attract the attention of students who recognize that pathology is something more than morbid anatomy or bacteriology. That wonderful system of compensations found throughout all Nature, the balanced action of contending forces producing mobile or stable equilibrium, and the motion that takes place in the direction of an inferior force, are not merely problems of physics, but also of biology, and of that special branch of biology which deals with the disturbances we call disease. The disruption of a planet, the aberration of a comet from its calculated orbit, may differ in magnitude from the destruction of an
LATE SURVIVAL, CLINICAL AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES AFTER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR IN PATIENTS WITH IMPAIRED VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Eugene A. Grossi, Leora B. Balsam, Gregory H. Crooke, Charles Schwartz, David G. Greenhouse, Patricia A. Ursommano, Margaret Mirabella, Alfred T. Culliford, Greg H. Ribakove, Aubrey C. Galloway
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Green College lectures: 1984. Medicine in the European communities.
Authors: R Brearley
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The Common Market Treaty conferred on all citizens of the European Communities the right to migrate and work in any other member state. For doctors this entailed the modification of national laws governing access to practice, which required community legislation in the form of directives. To us in Britain the notion of recognising qualifications obtained in another country or held by nationals of another country is not revolutionary, but in the original member states of the European Economic Community, the practice of medicine was virtually restricted to their own nationals who held qualifications awarded in the home country. The Treaty of Rome lays down that the mutual recognition of medical qualifications shall be dependent on the coordination of the conditions of practice?in other words, the educational standards represented by the various countries' qualifications. At the time that the directives were being worded there was disagreement on just how far this had to go. One powerful lobby took the view that mutual recognition could not be introduced until scientific equivalence of the diplomas had been clearly shown. Such a policy, however, would effectively have prevented any medical migration for an indefinite period. A staged approach was therefore required, and two directives were drawn up and finally signed on 16 June 1975.
Abstract B31: HuR cytoplasmic translocation and doxorubicin: how phosphorylation is involved in chemoresistance
Authors: Elisa Latorre, Alessandro Quattrone, Alessandro Provenzani
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: HuR, an RNA binding protein involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of a wide spectrum of mRNAs, has been demonstrated to be a determinant of carcinogenesis and tumor aggressiveness in several cancer types. In this study, we identified HuR as a key protein in the mechanisms leading to the insurgence of chemoresistance induced by the widely used anticancer drug doxorubicin in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and investigated the signaling pathways responsible of its activation. Material and methods: We challenged a small library of about 90 chemical compounds with a high-content screening assay to quantitavely measure HuR translocation. Hits pointed to PKCδ, Rho kinase and ERK as potential HuR regulators. Results and discussion: We showed that HuR acts in the early phase of cell response to doxorubicin, being induced to translocate into the cytoplasm upon phosphorylation. Reducing HuR levels diminished the apoptotic response to doxorubicin. We identified HA1004, AG494, U0126, AG490 and Erbstatin compounds that could inhibit HuR cytoplasmic accumulation directly hampering HuR phosphorylation or indirectly blocking kinase pathways. Among the hits rottlerin showed to be the most effective in blocking HuR nuclear export and in having correspondingly antagonistic effects with doxorubicin on cell toxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation of PKCδ and HuR upon doxorubicin confirmed the validity of HCS indications. In in vitro selected doxorubicin resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/doxoR) overexpressing the multidrug resistance (MDR) related ABCG2 transporter, we observed a significant HuR downregulation that was paralleled by a corresponding downregulation of HuR targets as TOP2A and by loss of rottlerin toxicity. Restoration of HuR expression in these cells resensitized MCF-7/doxoR cells to doxorubicin, reactivating the apoptotic response. Conclusions: The present study shows that HuR is necessary to elicit the apoptotic cell response to doxorubicin, that restoration of HuR expression in resistant cells resensitizes them to the action of this drug. Moreover we suggest a novel mechanism of pharmacoresistance based on the interplay among the doxorubicin target TOP2A, its post-transcriptionally regulator HuR and the signaling control of PKCδ.
Testing a Covariotide Model of DNA Substitution
Authors: John P. Huelsenbeck
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The concomitantly variable codons hypothesis of DNA substitution argues that at any time only a fraction of the codons in a gene are capable of accepting a mutation. However, as mutations are fixed at some positions in a gene, the sites that are potentially variable also change because of changed functional constraints. This hypothesis has been termed the "covarion" hypothesis or when the model is applied to nucleotides, the "covariotide" hypothesis. The covarion-covariotide model has proven to be remarkably difficult to test. Here I examine a covariotide hypothesis for 11 genes using a likelihood ratio test. I show that in nine of the genes examined a covariotide model provides a better explanation of the data than a model that does not allow constraints to change over time.