tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of Staphylococcal Infections. I. Virulence of Staphylococci and Characteristics of Infections in Embryonated Eggs *
Authors: William R. McCabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Many of the determinants of the pathogenesis and course of staphylococcal infections remain imprecisely defined (1, 2) despite their increas- ing importance (3-10).Experimental infections in suitable laboratory animals have been of con- siderable assistance in clarifying the role of host defense mechanisms and specific bacterial virulence factors with a variety of other infectious agents.A sensitive experimental model would be of value in defining the importance of these factors in staphylococcal infections, but both humans and the usual laboratory animals are relatively re- sistant.Extremely large numbers of staphylococci are required to produce either local or sys- temic infections experimentally.Elek was un- able to produce local purulent lesions in humans with inocula of less than 106 staphylococci (11) but subsequently demonstrated that the infectious inoculum could be reduced by two to four logs when the infection was combined with concomitant insertion of a foreign body (12).Even larger numbers of staphylococci have been required to produce local lesions in mice (13, 14), guinea pigs (15, 16), and rabbits (17, 18).Various traumatic procedures or implantation of foreign bodies also allows the production of infection with smaller numbers of bacteria in animals (14, 19), but despite such measures many of these tech- *
Proportional assist ventilation with load-adjustable gain factors in critically ill patients: comparison with pressure support
Authors: Nektaria Xirouchaki, Eumorfia Kondili, Katerina Vaporidi, George Xirouchakis, Maria Klimathianaki, George Gavriilidis, Evi Alexandopoulou, Maria Plataki, Christina Alexopoulou, Dimitris Georgopoulos
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2008)
Imaging of Tau Pathology in a Tauopathy Mouse Model and in Alzheimer Patients Compared to Normal Controls
Authors: Masahiro Maruyama, Hitoshi Shimada, Tetsuya Suhara, Hitoshi Shinotoh, Bin Ji, Jun Maeda, Ming-Rong Zhang, John Q. Trojanowski, Virginia M.-Y. Lee, Maiko Ono, Kazuto Masamoto, Harumasa Takano, Naruhiko Sahara, Nobuhisa Iwata, Nobuyuki Okamura, Shozo Furumoto, Yukitsuka Kudo, Qing Chang, Takaomi C. Saido, Akihiko Takashima, Jada Lewis, Ming-Kuei Jang, Ichio Aoki, Hiroshi Ito, Makoto Higuchi
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Raised mean cell volume and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.
Authors: J S Wainscoat
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Daily stool weights in this community average over 400 g.Whereas appendicitis and diabetes have been postulated to result from two different aspects of food refining, diverticular disease and varicose veins have both been attributed to changes in faecal viscosity and volume which not only cause increased intracolonic pressure but also increased intra-abdominal pressure during straining a stool.A positive correlation between these two diseases has been reported in individual patients.'Professor Corridan and his colleagues are to be congratulated on their study for it is just such a search for associations between diseases in individuals which can be so informative and which is so neglected.It is hoped that others will follow their commendable example and look for other disease correlations.
CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP, WITH INTRACAPSULAR EXOSTOSIS
Authors: Carroll L. Storey
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>History.</h3> —M. B., aged 13, a schoolgirl, seen, Nov. 10, 1920, complained of pain in the left hip and knee, of one year's duration. The family history was negative for bone tumors or congenital dislocation of the hip. The patient had had no serious illnesses. Birth had been difficult, with breech presentation, and instrumental delivery following version. No abnormality of the hips was noted at this time. The patient walked at the usual time, but had always limped. No relief was sought for the painless limp, until the child was 11 years of age, when the limp became worse and was accompanied by pain in the left hip and knee. A physician made a diagnosis of rheumatism. The pain and limp had continued. <h3>Physical Findings.</h3> —The general physical examination was negative. The patient walked with a marked left-sided limp, with characteristic left side-sway when weight was shifted to the left
Vasoconstrictor Reserve and Sympathetic Neural Control of Orthostasis
Authors: Qi Fu, Sarah Witkowski, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2004)

We tested the hypothesis that individual variability in orthostatic tolerance is dependent on the degree of neural and vasomotor reserve available for vasoconstriction.Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and hemodynamics were measured in 12 healthy young volunteers during 60 degrees head-up tilt (HUT), followed by a cold pressor test (CPT) in HUT. Orthostatic tolerance was determined by progressive lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) to presyncope. The same protocols were performed randomly in normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions. We found that mean arterial pressure increased and stroke volume decreased, whereas heart rate (HR), MSNA, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) increased during HUT (all P<0.01). Application of the CPT in HUT did not increase HR or decrease stroke volume further but elevated mean arterial pressure (P<0.01) and increased MSNA and TPR in some subjects. There was a positive correlation between the time to presyncope from -50 mm Hg LBNP (equivalent to 60 degrees HUT alone) and the changes in MSNA produced by the CPT under both conditions (r=0.442, P=0.039). Those who had greater increases in MSNA had greater increases in TPR during the CPT and longer time to presyncope (both P<0.05). One subject had dramatic increases in MSNA but small increases in TPR during the CPT, which indicates a disassociation between sympathetic activity and the increase in peripheral vascular resistance.These results support our hypothesis and suggest that vasoconstrictor capability is a contributor to orthostatic tolerance in humans. Vasoconstrictor reserve therefore may be one mechanism underlying individual variability in orthostatic intolerance.
Clinical Application of Serum Digitoxin Levels
Authors: J. D. BENTLEY, G. H. BURNETT, R. L. CONKLIN, R. H. WASSERBURGER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

A simple, rapid, and reliable determination of plasma digitoxin levels is now available for clinical use. It can be determined in any clinical laboratory capable of determining a serum phosphorus if ATPase enzyme is available. Maintenance plasma levels range between 10 and 40 mµg/ml with a mean value of 25 mµg/ml. There is overlapping of maintenance and toxic serum levels in the higher ranges. Values over 45 mµg/ml warrant careful evaluation for digitalis intoxication. Maintenance plasma levels can be achieved with or without the usual digitalizing dosage if time is not a factor. The daily regression rate is variable in cases of digitalis intoxication following drug withdrawal. ECG changes (the degree of ST-segment depression, PR-interval prolongation, and multifocal premature contractions) were not good criteria for digitalis intoxication, although PR intervals above 0.24 sec consistently correlated with high plasma digitoxin levels. Variable second and third degree A-V block associated with mental confusion was a frequent presenting feature of digitalis toxicity.
(1) Focal facial dermal dysplasia (Brauer's syndrome)
Authors: C.I. Harrington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article (1) Focal facial dermal dysplasia (Brauer's syndrome) Get access C.I. Harrington, Dr C.I. Harrington, Dr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue s30, 1 July 1986, Pages 43–104, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb07696.x Published: 01 July 1986
Specificity of Radioimmunoassay for Hepatitis B e Antigen
Authors: Nrapendra Nath
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several different serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) are clinically useful in the determination of the precise status of HBV infection or immunity of the patient and the prognosis. In this regard, the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) is of special interest as it has been linked with greater infectivity and overall poor prognosis.<sup>1,2</sup>We present evidence that shows that it may be dangerous to rely on the apparent presence of HBeAg in a patient's blood without adequate supportive tests. Using Abbott-HBe kits (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill), we found two serum samples with unusual activity. One was reactive for HBeAg, but was nonreactive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (Ausria II, Abbott Laboratories), and the other had nonspecific activity for HBsAg.<sup>3</sup>Both samples were nonreactive for anti-HBs (Ausab, Abbott Laboratories) and anti-HBc (Corab, Abbott Laboratories). We regarded it as unusual to
Bayesian statistics may inform public policy better than significant odds ratios
Authors: D. Braunholtz, R. Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor-We agree with many of the points raised in the correspondence1 commenting on our article2 but not necessarily the conclusions. For example, Paul Brennan states that insufficient attention is generally paid to the possibility of bias and confounding when assessing epidemiological data, and we agree with D R Cox and V T Farewell that sensitivity analysis is thus important.1 However, we see advantages in comparing the effects of a variety of assumed distributions for bias rather than a variety of fixed biases.

Cox and Farewell point …
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Improves Vascular Function in Rheumatoid Arthritis”
Authors: Andreas J. Flammer, Isabella Sudano, Frank Hermann, Frank Enseleit, Daniel Périat, Matthias Hermann, Thomas F. Lüscher, Roberto Corti, Georg Noll, Frank Ruschitzka, Steffen Gay, Adrian Forster, Michael Neidhart, Peter Künzler, Juerg Nussberger
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Prognosis and Decision Making in Severe Stroke
Authors: Robert G. Holloway
Journal: JAMA (2005)

An increasing number of deaths following severe stroke are due to terminal extubations. Variation in withdrawal-of-care practices suggests the possibility of unnecessary prolongation of suffering or of unwanted deaths.To review the available evidence on prognosis in mechanically ventilated stroke patients and to provide an overall framework to optimize decision making for clinicians, patients, and families.Search of MEDLINE from 1980 through March 2005 for English-language articles addressing prognosis in mechanically ventilated stroke patients. From 689 articles identified, we selected 17 for further review. We also identified factors that influence, and decision-making biases that may result, in overuse or underuse of life-sustaining therapies, with a particular emphasis on mechanical ventilation.Overall mortality among mechanically ventilated stroke patients is high, with a 30-day death rate approximating 58% (range in literature, 46%-75%). Although data are limited, among survivors as many as one third may have no or only slight disability, yet many others have severe disability. One can further refine prognosis according to knowledge of stroke syndromes, early patient characteristics, use of clinical prediction rules, and the need for continuing interventions. Factors influencing preferences for life-sustaining treatments include the severity and pattern of future clinical deficits, the probability of these deficits, and the burdens of treatments. Decision-making biases that may affect withdrawal-of-treatment decisions include erroneous prognostic estimates, inappropriate methods of communicating evidence, misunderstanding patient values and expectations, and failing to appreciate the extent to which patients can physically and psychologically adapt.Although prognosis among mechanically ventilated stroke patients is generally poor, a minority do survive without severe disability. Prognosis can be assessed according to clinical presentation and patient characteristics. There is an urgent need to better understand the marked variation in the care of these patients and to reliably measure and improve the patient-centeredness of such decisions.
Serious Pulmonary Hemorrhage, Glomerulonephritis, and Massive Steroid Therapy
Authors: ANTOINE de TORRENTE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A patient suffered from acute glomerulonephritis with modest renal impairment and life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage. The pulmonary hemorrhage caused severe hypoxia that necessitated artificial ventilation. As a last resort, 1 g/day of methylprednisolone was administered intravenously. Rapid cessation of pulmonary hemorrhage ensued with clearing of the lungs fields. We suggest that large doses of glucocorticosteroids should be administered to patients with life-threatening pulmonary hemorrhage before considering bilateral nephrectomy, especially if the renal function is still adequate. Bilateral nephrectomy is an irreversible approach and, as with massive doses of steroids, has yet to be proved to be a consistently effective mode of therapy.
THE EFFECT OF HIGH–INTENSITY STATIN THERAPY ON CHANGES IN ATHEROMA COMPOSITION: INSIGHTS FROM SATURN
Authors: Rishi Puri, Peter Libby, Steven Nissen, Kathy Wolski, Christie Ballantyne, Phillip Barter, M. John Chapman, Raimund Erbel, Joel Raichlen, Kiyoko Uno, Yu Kataoka, E. Murat Tuzcu, Stephen Nicholls
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Prospective Radiological Study of Thin-Section Computed Tomography to Predict Pathological Noninvasiveness in Peripheral Clinical IA Lung Cancer (Japan Clinical Oncology Group 0201)
Authors: Kenji Suzuki, Teruaki Koike, Takashi Asakawa, Masahiko Kusumoto, Hisao Asamura, Kanji Nagai, Hirohito Tada, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Masahiro Tsuboi, Taro Shibata, Haruhiko Fukuda, Harubumi Kato
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Ventricular Septal Defects After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Anthony F. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Twelve patients underwent emergency operative closure of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurring as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Operations were performed an average of eight days following infarction, and five days after the appearance of the VSD. All patients were in cardiogenic shock or intractable congestive heart failure. Operative repair involved closure of the septal defect with the use of a Teflon patch and pledgets for support. In addition, an infarctectomy or aneurysmectomy was performed in most of the survivors. Six patients are alive 6 to 54 months after operation (average, 22 months). Successful early operative closure of a postinfarction VSD can be accomplished, with an encouraging survival rate. The major factor determining survival was the function of the remaining myocardium.
Circulating Interleukin 16 (IL‐16) in children with atopic/eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS): a novel serological marker of disease activity
Authors: A. Frezzolini, M. Paradisi, A. Zaffiro, A. Provini, S. Cadoni, M. Ruffelli, O. De Pità
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Chemokines play a central role in atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Interleukin 16 (IL-16) has been described as a main cytokine involved in CD4+ cell recruitment during inflammation. Recently the influx of CD4+ lymphocytes has been related to the up-regulation of IL-16 in AEDS skin lesions. Circulating beta-chemokines (Eotaxin and RANTES) and IL-16 were investigated in children with AEDS to correlate their presence with the severity of the disease. We also measured serum levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30), a marker of Th2 immune responses related to AEDS disease activity.Serum levels of eotaxin, RANTES, IL-16 and sCD30 were measured by immunoenzymatic assay in paediatric patients with pure AEDS (pAEDS, n = 39); the severity of the disease was graded by SCORAD. Fifteen children with AEDS in presence of respiratory allergy (AEDS+A), 15 with allergic asthma (A) and 20 age-matched healthy donors were investigated as control groups.When compared to normals, high amounts of Eotaxin and IL-16 were detected in sera of pAEDS (P = 0.002; P < 0.0001), AEDS+A (P = 0.02; P = 0.01) and A patients (P = 0.004; P = 0.03) with respect to normals. Serum levels of RANTES were also elevated in pAEDS patients, significantly higher than normals (P = 0.009), whereas no statistically significant differences could be detected between pAEDS and AEDS+A or A groups. IL-16 was progressively increased in the different stages of pAEDS, with a positive correlation between IL-16 and both SCORAD and sCD30 (P < 0.0001).We suggest that IL-16 could serve as a useful marker of disease activity in childhood pAEDS.
Hypertension and Coronary Occlusion
Authors: ARTHUR M. MASTER
Journal: Circulation (1953)

The problem of the relationship between hypertension and coronary occlusion has been re-examined. Using newly established limits of hypertension, 600 consecutive private patients with coronary occlusion—500 men and 100 women—all under 65 years of age, were studied. Hypertension did not appear to be a factor in producing coronary disease and occlusion among men, but was a definite factor in its causation among women. The possible relation of the serum cholesterol, the S f 12-20 lipoprotein fraction, and the sex hormones to atherosclerosis and hypertension is discussed.
FURTHER REMARKS ON THE DIGESTIVE BEAD TEST FOR ASCERTAINING THE FUNCTIONS OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS.
Authors: MAX EINHORN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

At the beginning of the year 1906 I devised a new method of testing the functions of the digestive apparatus.<sup>1</sup>It consists in giving the patient in a gelatinous capsule beads with various food substances attached and examining the feces with the stool sieve until all the beads are recovered. The latter are then inspected with regard to the presence or absence of the attached foods. Thus we see whether these have passed the digestive tract unaltered, or whether they have been digested. <h3>TEST SUBSTANCES AND INDICATIONS.</h3> Ordinarily, I give the following six test substances: 1, catgut; 2, fishbone; 3, meat; 4, potato; 5, mutton fat; 6, thymus gland. Physiologically, the two first substances (catgut and fishbone) are usually digested in the stomach and the remaining four (meat, potato, mutton fat, thymus) in the intestine. All the beads (or at least the greater part of them) usually appear in
Lentiviral gene transfer regenerates hematopoietic stem cells in a mouse model for Mpl-deficient aplastic anemia
Authors: Dirk Heckl, Daniel C. Wicke, Martijn H. Brugman, Johann Meyer, Axel Schambach, Guntram Büsche, Matthias Ballmaier, Christopher Baum, Ute Modlich
Journal: Blood (2011)
Prevalence of Mental Illness in Immigrant and Non-Immigrant U.S. Latino Groups
Authors: Margarita Alegría, Glorisa Canino, Patrick E. Shrout, Meghan Woo, Naihua Duan, Doryliz Vila, Maria Torres, Chih-nan Chen, Xiao-Li Meng
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Although widely reported among Latino populations, contradictory evidence exists regarding the generalizability of the immigrant paradox, i.e., that foreign nativity protects against psychiatric disorders. The authors examined whether this paradox applies to all Latino groups by comparing estimates of lifetime psychiatric disorders among immigrant Latino subjects, U.S-born Latino subjects, and non-Latino white subjects.The authors combined and examined data from the National Latino and Asian American Study and the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, two of the largest nationally representative samples of psychiatric information.In the aggregate, risk of most psychiatric disorders was lower for Latino subjects than for non-Latino white subjects. Consistent with the immigrant paradox, U.S.-born Latino subjects reported higher rates for most psychiatric disorders than Latino immigrants. However, rates varied when data were stratified by nativity and disorder and adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic differences across groups. The immigrant paradox consistently held for Mexican subjects across mood, anxiety, and substance disorders, while it was only evident among Cuban and other Latino subjects for substance disorders. No differences were found in lifetime prevalence rates between migrant and U.S.-born Puerto Rican subjects.Caution should be exercised in generalizing the immigrant paradox to all Latino groups and for all psychiatric disorders. Aggregating Latino subjects into a single group masks significant variability in lifetime risk of psychiatric disorders, with some subgroups, such as Puerto Rican subjects, suffering from psychiatric disorders at rates comparable to non-Latino white subjects. Our findings thus suggest that immigrants benefit from a protective context in their country of origin, possibly inoculating them against risk for substance disorders, particularly if they emigrated to the United States as adults.
Selection and Treatment of Candidates for Heart Transplantation
Authors: Maria Rosa Costanzo, Sharon Augustine, Robert Bourge, Michael Bristow, John B. O’Connell, David Driscoll, Eric Rose
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Improved outcome of heart failure in response to medical therapy, coupled with a critical shortage of donor organs, makes it imperative to restrict heart transplantation to patients who are most disabled by heart failure and who are likely to derive the maximum benefit from transplantation. Hemodynamic and functional indexes of prognosis are helpful in identifying these patients. Stratification of ambulatory heart failure patients by objective criteria, such as peak exercise oxygen consumption, has improved ability to select appropriate adult patients for heart transplantation. Such patients will have a poor prognosis despite optimal medical therapy. When determining the impact of individual comorbid conditions on a patient’s candidacy for heart transplantation, the detrimental effects of each condition on posttransplantation outcome should be weighed. Evaluation of patients with severe heart failure should be done by a multidisciplinary team that is expert in management of heart failure, performance of cardiac surgery in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction, and transplantation. Potential heart transplant candidates should be reevaluated on a regular basis to assess continued need for transplantation. Long-term management of heart failure should include continuity of care by an experienced physician, optimal dosing in conventional therapy, and periodic reevaluation of left ventricular function and exercise capacity. The outcome of high-risk conventional cardiovascular surgery should be weighed against that of transplantation in patients with ischemic and valvular heart disease. Establishment of regional specialized heart failure centers may improve access to optimal medical therapy and new promising medical and surgical treatments for these patients as well as stimulate investigative efforts to accelerate progress in this critical area.