tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Ptosis and Change of Glomerular Filtration Values in the Upright and Supine Positions
Authors: FEDERICA CAROLA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy Received for publication February 11, 2002. Revision accepted September 12, 2002. Correspondence: Federica Carola, Servizio di Medicina Nucleare, Policlinico Multimedica, Via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract 5391: Rosiglitazone and Gemcitabine combination therapy limits tumor progression and prolongs survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Stephanie K. Bunt, Michael A. Hollingsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality with a dismal 2-5% 5-year survival rate because clinically apparent disease is usually detected late in disease progression and lacks effective therapies. The current ‘standard of care’ for pancreatic cancer patients is Gemcitabine, a deoxycytidine analog, which has been shown to increase quality of life and the median survival of patients by a few weeks. Although Gemcitabine therapy limits pancreatic tumor progression, PDA is often insensitive to chemotherapeutic agents, limiting their success and underlining the need for additional therapies which would enhance the efficacy of current treatments. We investigated combinations of Gemcitabine with drugs that target both the growing tumor and the immunosuppressive inflammatory microenvironment. Inflammation accompanies tumor progression in pancreatic cancer which can support tumor cell survival and growth directly, enhance tumor cell resistance to Gemcitabine and limit anti-tumor immune responses through induction of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Rosiglitazone Maleate, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of type II diabetes, targets the PPARγ receptor, a major modulator of the inflammatory response. Rosiglitazone has been shown to limit tumor growth through effects on angiogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis. Additionally, some evidence suggests that PPARγ may regulate multi-drug resistance and may therefore limit tumor chemoresistance. We found that Rosiglitazone enhanced the efficacy of Gemcitabine by reducing tumor proliferation, limiting invasiveness, and enhancing tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. Therapeutic combination of Rosiglitazone and Gemcitabine was evaluated in subcutaneous and orthotopic models of pancreatic cancer, and revealed that the combination significantly reduced tumor progression and metastasis, enhanced tumor cell apoptosis in vivo and significantly extended overall survival compared to Gemcitabine alone. Together these results provide pre-clinical data in support of combining Rosiglitazone and Gemcitabine as a clinical therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5391.
932. Gene Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus in Rats by Intramuscular Injection of Lentivirus Containing Insulin Gene
Authors: Taekeun Oh, Mija Lee, Seungtaik Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is an auto-immune disease in which activated T-lymphocytes infiltrate the islets of Langerhans and completely destroy the insulin-producing pancreatic |[beta]|-cells. We assessed therapeutic potential of intramuscular insulin gene delivery in a diabetic murine model. The human proinsulin gene cDNA engineered with concensus furin cleavage sequences was inserted into an advanced lentiviral vector that contained CMV early promoter. After injection of concentrated lentiviral vector (3.5 microgram p24 Gag antigen) carrying the insulin gene into the thigh muscle, treated rats demonstrated an increase in body weight, increased survivability, attenuated the hyperglycemic response as well as prevented the formation of ketoacidosis. For these reasons, the intraparenchymal injection of lentiviral vectors into the skeletal muscle to ectopically produce insulin may be an easy and therapeutic treatment modality for type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Saikosaponin b2 is a naturally occurring terpenoid that efficiently inhibits hepatitis C virus entry
Authors: Liang-Tzung Lin, Chueh-Yao Chung, Wen-Chan Hsu, Shun-Pang Chang, Ting-Chun Hung, Justin Shields, Rodney S. Russell, Chih-Chan Lin, Chien-Feng Li, Ming-Hong Yen, D. Lorne J. Tyrrell, Chun-Ching Lin, Christopher D. Richardson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The Living Will
Authors: Stuart J. Eisendrath, Albert R. Jonsen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The living will is a statement that directs physicians to act in certain ways during a patient's terminal phase of illness. The physician is instructed not to take measures that would prolong the life of the patient. The living will is designed to promote patient autonomy while removing onerous decision making from physicians and the patients' families. Experience with the living will indicates that it can either help or hinder clinical decision making. When appropriately implemented, the living will can perform its intended functions. When vague in terminology or applied to patients with uncertain prognoses, the living will can promote medical staff confusion. Adequate communication between patient and physician can improve the utility of the living will. Other considerations affecting the applications of the living will are discussed in detail. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2054-2058)
Up-regulation of CXCR4 Expression in PC-3 Cells by Stromal-Derived Factor-1α (CXCL12) Increases Endothelial Adhesion and Transendothelial Migration: Role of MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway–Dependent NF-κB Activation
Authors: Promil Kukreja, Asim B. Abdel-Mageed, Debasis Mondal, Kai Liu, Krishna C. Agrawal
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

The chemokine stromal-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha/CXCL-12) and its receptor, CXCR4, play a crucial role in adhesion and transendothelium migration (TEM) of prostate cancer cells. We tested the hypothesis that enhanced expression of CXCR4 in prostate cancer cells is dependent upon SDF-1alpha-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). SDF-1alpha increased the CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in PC-3 cells but not in LNCaP cells. Similarly, SDF-1alpha enhanced the NF-kappaB-dependent transcriptional activity in PC-3 cells but not in LNCaP cells. SDF-1alpha increased PC-3 cell adhesion to the human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayer and enhanced TEM, which was abrogated with anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Suppression of NF-kappaB activity in PC-3 cells by a mutant IkappaBalpha super-repressor adenoviral vector decreased the CXCR4 mRNA expression and inhibited adhesion and TEM. Transient overexpression of p65 subunit of NF-kappaB in PC-3 cells up-regulated CXCR4 receptor expression and increased the adhesion and TEM of these cells in response to SDF-1alpha gradient. Treatment of PC-3 cells with SDF-1alpha leads to nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB protein within 15 to 30 minutes, which correlated with IkappaBalpha phosphorylation. A p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK, extracellular signal regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2)] biphasic activation pattern was observed in these cells at 15 minutes and 3 hours after SDF-1alpha treatment. Phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase alpha was observed within 30 minutes, which was blocked by PD98059 [MAPK kinase (MEK) inhibitor]. PD98059 cotreatment significantly inhibited SDF-1alpha-induced NF-kappaB reporter activity and CXCR4 receptor expression as shown by flow cytometry. These data suggest that SDF-1alpha-induced expression of CXCR4 in PC-3 cells is dependent on MEK/ERK signaling cascade and NF-kappaB activation.
Hemodynamics for Surgeons
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The accurate description of blood flow through most atherosclerotic vessels still eludes scientists. Nevertheless, if peripheral vascular surgeons could grasp the way that bioengineers now understand hemodynamics, then clinical judgment, operative technique, and therapeutic results all might improve. Towards this goal, this text tidies up the previously empirical knowledge of clinicians and views it with a balance tilted toward science. The problem of communicating the complexity of bioengineering to nonmathematical readers is partially avoided by the frequent use of paragraphs containing "take home" clinical correlations. A certain amount of technical abstruseness and overcondensation remains, but in general, the bioengineering sections are readable and relevant. Take, for instance, a difficult question; whether distal arterial disease in a donor limb contraindicates a femoral-femoral graft. Instead of merely mentioning the possibility of an iliac steal syndrome, the authors first prove mathematically that distal donor limb disease should be significant only in the presence
Dr Mudd, the grandson, fights to clear name of famed ancestor
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Harry F. Klinefelter
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Polymyalgia rheumatica, whether it be a disease or a syndrome, is a common condition of elderly patients. Since Dr. Bell and I published an article in September 1967<i>Johns Hopkins Med</i>(<b>121</b>:175, 1967), I have seen on the average of one patient a month with this disorder in my office practice. While I am oriented towards rheumatic diseases and therefore am referred patients with musculoskeletal complaints, I cannot help but feel that this disorder is extremely common and should be brought to the attention of the medical profession. As stated in the summary of our article in 1967, any elderly patient with pain and stiffness in the shoulder or pelvic girdle regions or both should be suspected of having this disorder. Because of the danger of irreversible blindness occurring during the course of this disease, it should be treated vigorously with large doses of steroids, tapering
GEOTRICHUM IN BLOOD STREAM OF AN INFANT
Authors: S. R. Kaliski
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Geotrichosis, an infection rarely mentioned in the United States, is probably commoner than realized. Europe and certain South American countries have been aware of the fungus Geotrichum for many years and have reported its varying types of pathogenesis. There is increasing evidence that it will be found oftener in the United States when clinicians and laboratories become aware of its characteristics. In France, Brumpt,<sup>1</sup>in an excellent summary of Geotrichum infections, listed 20 species reported by various writers. Reeves,<sup>2</sup>in the southern United States, reported 79 cases of bronchomycoses, two of which were geotrichosis. He stated that in geotrichosis the chest roentgenogram resembles that of chronic tuberculosis, with heavy studding along the bronchi and frequent cavitation. Kunstadter and Milzer<sup>3</sup>consider Geotrichum of sufficient importance to include Geotrichum extract with routine skin tests for detection of mycotic infections. One of the most detailed discussions of this disease is
IgG4 production is confined to human IL-10–producing regulatory B cells that suppress antigen-specific immune responses
Authors: Willem van de Veen, Barbara Stanic, Görkem Yaman, Marcin Wawrzyniak, Stefan Söllner, Deniz G. Akdis, Beate Rückert, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Female pattern hair loss, sebum excretion and the end-organ response to androgens
Authors: M.P. Birch, H. Lashen, S. Agarwal, A.G. Messenger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Although female pattern hair loss can be a feature of hyperandrogenism, many women with hair loss show no clinical or biochemical features of androgen excess. It is possible that hair loss in nonhyperandrogenic women is due to a high level of response to androgens by scalp hair follicles. In this study we explored this idea using sebum excretion as a marker of the cutaneous end‐organ response to androgens. Objectives To test the hypothesis that hair loss in nonhyperandrogenic women is due to an increased cutaneous end‐organ response to androgens. Methods We studied 100 women, 41 with female pattern hair loss (without hirsutism), 29 with hirsutism (with and without scalp hair loss) and 30 subjects without hair problems. We measured hair density on the frontal scalp, forehead sebum excretion, serum free androgen index (FAI), and body mass index (BMI). Results The mean FAI was significantly raised in hirsute women compared with nonhirsute women (P < 0·001), but there was no difference in FAI levels between nonhirsute women with and without hair loss. The mean BMI was also significantly elevated in hirsute women (P < 0·01) but there was no difference in BMI between nonhirsute women with and without hair loss. The mean sebum excretion was higher in hirsute women than nonhirsute women but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no difference in sebum excretion between nonhirsute women with and without hair loss. There was no correlation between hair density and sebum excretion. Conclusions Our results show that sebum excretion is not elevated in women with female pattern hair loss. This may indicate that different androgen‐response pathways operate in controlling hair growth and sebum excretion. The alternative explanation is that nonandrogenic mechanisms are involved in mediating hair loss in some women.
Treated and Untreated Kidney Failure in Older Adults
Authors: Manjula Kurella Tamura, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
Journal: JAMA (2012)

NSURING ACCESS TO LIFE-SUSTAINING MAINTENANCE DIalysis therapy for individuals with irreversible kidney failure was the principle rationale for establishing the US Medicare end-stage renal disease (ESRD) entitlement in 1972. This government program, similar to the universalhealthcareprovidedinotherindustrializednations,removed barriers to dialysis care in the United States and undoubtedly extended the lives of millions by substantially reducing untreated ESRD due to income, race, and geography. However, with guaranteed insurance coverage for this catastrophic condition, overtreatment of ESRD with maintenancedialysishasnowbecomeevident.Thatis,patientswith kidney failure are initiating dialysis earlier than may be necessary, and some individuals who begin maintenance dialysismaynotlivelongerorfeelbetterthantheywouldhavewithout it. 1,2 Concerns about overtreatment are focused on older adults, especially those who are frail or have other severe or life-limiting conditions. However, the specter of untreated ESRD among older adults continues to be a source of unease forpatientsandfamilieswhoareconcernedthatbeneficialtreatment is being withheld on the basis of age and cost. Thesetensionshaveemergedatthesametimethatguidelinepanelsaredebatingoverdiagnosisofchronickidneydisease (CKD) among older adults. 3 For a given level of kidney function, older adults have a lower risk of ESRD comparedwithyoungeradults,anobservationthathasbeen attributed to less accurate estimation of kidney function, slower progression of kidney disease, and higher competingmortalityrisk.OverdiagnosisofCKDcontributestoovertreatment in the form of unnecessary referrals to nephrologists and unnecessary surgeries for dialysis vascular access among patients unlikely to progress to ESRD. 4 The counterargument is that the true risk of developing kidney failure is underestimated among older adults because patients with untreated kidney failure are not included in ESRD estimates.Theconsequencesofunderdiagnosismayrangefrom
All in the mind?
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

There is no pleasure greater than to denounce the wickedness of the times, and since the times are always wicked the pleasure is inexhaustible.

The Reverend Jeremy Collier MA (1650-1726) was a great denouncer of the wickedness of his times. He was famous for it; in fact, it was his metier. He did not think the Glorious Revolution was glorious and refused to swear allegiance to the new monarchs, William and Mary, and he was particularly against the degeneracy and vulgarity of Restoration comedy, which he denounced in his Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage , published in 1698. He was answered in kind by Vanbrugh and Congreve, whom he especially attacked, and he wrote a riposte to their riposte. It …
Sex Steroid Modulation of Fatty Acid Utilization and Fatty Acid Binding Protein Concentration in Rat Liver
Authors: Robert K. Ockner, Nina Lysenko, Joan A. Manning, Scott E. Monroe, David A. Burnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The mechanism by which sex steroids influence very low density hepatic lipoprotein triglyceride production has not been fully elucidated. In previous studies we showed that [14C]oleate utilization and incorporation into triglycerides were greater in hepatocyte suspensions from adult female rats than from males. The sex differences were not related to activities of the enzymes of triglyceride biosynthesis, whereas fatty acid binding protein (FABP) concentration in liver cytosol was greater in females. These findings suggested that sex differences in lipoprotein could reflect a sex steroid influence on the availability of fatty acids for hepatocellular triglyceride biosynthesis. In the present studies, sex steroid effects on hepatocyte [14C]oleate utilization and FABP concentration were investigated directly.
The Significance of the Intensity and Time of Appearance of the Korotkoff Sounds in Auricular Fibrillation
Authors: SIMON RODBARD, JACK MARGOLIS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Aside from their value in the indirect determination of the blood pressure the sounds at the brachial artery provide other valuable clinical information. Their value in blood pressure determination in auricular fibrillation generally has been found to be limited. By using a simple technic involving the counting of the brachial-artery-sound deficit, a satisfactory, repeatable method of blood pressure estimation is achieved in such patients with marked pulse rate irregularities. Other information, including a rough estimation of left ventricular stroke output, pulse wave force and velocity, are also appraised by analysis of these bruits.
The oak processionary caterpillar as the cause of an epidemic airborne disease: survey and analysis
Authors: H. Maier, W. Spiegel, T. Kinaciyan, H. Krehan, A. Cabaj, A. Schopf, H. Honigsmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Thaumetopoea processionea L. (order Lepidoptera), the oak processionary moth, is found in oak forests in most European countries. Its third to sixth larval instars are armed with poisonous hairs (setae) containing an urticating toxin (thaumetopoein) potentially harmful to humans. Because T. processionea infests trees at the edges of forests or standing alone people frequently come into contact with its setae. In the woodland bordering on the western suburbs of Vienna conditions favouring its increase have led to frequent outbreaks of lepidopterism.To determine the incidence of lepidopterism in a suburban environment with three separate caterpillar-infested oak trees and to ascertain the frequency of the various symptoms of lepidopterism and the manner of contact with setae.We conducted a telephone survey of all the households/institutions located within 500 m of the infested trees. To gain more information on patients' symptoms and on situations likely to lead to increased contact with setae we asked those who reported cutaneous reactions to complete a questionnaire. As part of the environmental study we described the outbreak site, examined patients and, with tape-strip samples taken from the surface of the soil, looked for setae persisting in the environment.Of 1025 people surveyed 57 (5.6%) reported one or more symptoms of lepidopterism: 55 (96%) reported pruritus, 54 (95%) dermatitis, eight (14%) conjunctivitis, eight (14%) pharyngitis and two (4%) respiratory distress. The questionnaire was returned by 37 (69%) of the individuals with dermatitis. Of those, 16% had reacted with weal formation, 49% with papular rash and 22% with toxic irritant dermatitis. In 13% of respondents it was not possible to define the reaction. The risk factor analysis showed that airborne contamination was the most important cause: 97% of people had frequently passed an infested tree, 57% lived near a tree (in a neighbouring garden) and 32% had a tree in their own garden. Direct contact with larvae was of minor importance (38%). In four of the tape-strip samples intact setae were identified 1 year after the infestation.Lepidopterism caused by T. processionea is a public health problem of increasing significance. In years with outbreaks of the pest it can reach epidemic proportions in communities located near infested trees. Contact with airborne setae was mainly responsible for the occurrence of the disease.