tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy According to the Time Course of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I After a Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Soon-Ah Park, Chung-Yong Yang, Chang-Guhn Kim, Yong-Il Shin, Gyung-Jae Oh, Moonyoung Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We have proposed to evaluate different patterns represented on 3-phase bone scintigraphy (TPBS) according to the time course of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I (CRPS-I) after a stroke or traumatic brain injury. TPBS was performed in 50 consecutive patients for the evaluation of CRPS. We divided the patients into CRPS and non-CPRS groups based on the use of International Association for the Study of Pain criteria. We evaluated the changes on TPBS according to clinical stages based on time course. In the early acute stage within 6 weeks, minimal uptake on all TPBS phases was observed in the 90% of the patients in the CRPS-I group and in 75% of the patients in the non-CRPS group. In the acute stage of CRPS in the range of 2 to 20 weeks, moderately increased uptake was seen for 78%, 83%, and 83% of the patients in the CRPS group for the 3 phases, respectively. However, only 16% of the patients in the non-CRPS group had moderately increased uptake as seen on all TPBS phases. In the late stage of more than 21 weeks, there was no distinct difference in uptake between the 2 groups. A sequential change during the time course for the CPRS-I group was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, performance of follow-up TPBS may be useful to diagnose CPRS-I in uncertain cases of the early acute stage after a stroke or traumatic brain injury.
A pharmacological study of the motility of the human gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: A Bennett, B Whitney
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This is a comprehensive study of the pharmacological responses of strips of isolated human gastrointestinal tract.The results suggest that there is little 'intrinsic nervous act- ivity' in the stomach and proximal duodenum but there is a dominant cholinergic drive in thc distal duodenum and, in particular, in the jejunum.More distally, in the ileum and especially in the colon the dominant influence is the 'intrinsic sympathetic activity'.The authors relate their findings to the functions of different regions of the gastrointestinal tract.FIG. 1.The action of drugs on the gastrointestinal tract.stimulant isoprenaline.The adrenaline fl-receptor Acetylcholine, the sympathomimetic amines, histamine and stanisoprenalol The adrenal.) bloceptor 5-HT, act directly on the muscle.DMPP and nicotine act antagonist pronethalol (10 FLg./ml.)blocked the on nervous tissue.LM, longitudinal musck; MP, myenteric response to isoprenaline, but not to phenylephrine.plexus; CM, circular muscle; SP, submucous plexus; Both antagonists together prevented the effect of M, mucosa; (after C. J. Hill, from Maximow and Bloom, any of the sympathomimetic amines.
Clinical features, aetiology and outcome of empyema in children in the north east of England
Authors: K M Eastham
Journal: Thorax (2004)

The incidence of empyema in children in the UK is increasing. The reason for this is unclear. A prospective study was undertaken to investigate the clinical features, aetiology, and outcome of cases of empyema and parapneumonic effusion presenting to a tertiary paediatric respiratory centre between February 1997 and August 2001.Routine bacterial culture of blood and pleural fluid was performed for 47 cases. Forty three pleural fluid specimens, culture negative for pneumococcus, were analysed for pneumococccal DNA by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Penicillin susceptibility was determined for DNA positive specimens using complementary PCR assay. Capsular serotype specific antigen detection was by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using monoclonal antibodies to serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F. Clinical data were obtained from patient notes, supplemented by a postal questionnaire.The median (range) age of the patients was 5.6 (0.6-16.9) years and 70% were male. The median (range) duration of illness before referral to hospital was 5 (0-25) days. Forty five (96%) had received antibiotics before referral; 32 (68%) required decortication and eight (21%) thoracocentesis. Median postoperative stay was 4 days (2-8). Thirty two (75%) pneumococcal culture negative specimens were pneumococcal DNA positive; 17 (53%) of these were serotype 1. All were penicillin sensitive.Pneumococcus is the major pathogen in childhood empyema and serotype 1 is the prevalent serotype. This has implications for vaccine development and immunisation strategy as the current 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine does not protect against serotype 1.
Abstract LB-38: Evaluation of a PSA cleavable doxorubicin prodrug in the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> LNCaP LN model
Authors: Bakheet Elsadek, Norbert Esser, Ralph Graeser, André Warnecke, Clemens Unger, Tahia Saleem, Felix Kratz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The goal of this work was to investigate the biological activity of a doxorubicin prodrug that is efficiently cleaved by prostate specific antigen (PSA) rapidly liberating doxorubicin as the final cleavage product. For this purpose we have developed an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin, EMC-Arg-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Tyr-Ser-Leu-PABC-DOXO [EMC: ε-maleimidocaproyl; PABC: p-aminobenzyloxycarbonyl; DOXO: doxorubicin]. The incorporation of the PABC self-eliminating linker between the peptide sequence and doxorubicin enhanced the enzymatic cleavage rate and improved the cleavage profile. PSA cleavage produced the metabolite H-Ser-Leu-PABC-DOXO which was further degraded to release doxorubicin as a final cleavage product within a few hours in prostate tumor tissue homogenates as well as in PSA-positive LNCaP LN cell lysates. In the cell culture experiments, our prodrug exhibited antiproliferative activity in the low micromolar range with an IC50 value of ∼1 μM against a PSA-expressing prostate cancer cell line with a stably integrated Luciferase-Neomycin (LN) resistance fusion gene cassette (LNCaP LN). Moreover, H-Ser-Leu-PABC-DOXO showed comparable in vitro activity to doxorubicin (∼0.2 μM). Orientating toxicity studies in mice showed that the maximum tolerated dose of our novel prodrug was twice that of conventional doxorubicin. Consequently, the in vivo efficacy of the prodrug (6 mg/kg doxorubicin equivalents) is currently being compared to free doxorubicin (3 mg/kg) in a mouse model of human prostate cancer using luciferase transduced LNCaP cells orthotopically implanted in SCID mice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-38.
Severe skin inflammation and filaggrin mutation similarly alter the skin barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: G. Mócsai, K. Gáspár, G. Nagy, B. Irinyi, A. Kapitány, T. Bíró, E. Gyimesi, B. Tóth, L. Maródi, A. Szegedi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Filaggrin (FLG) deficiency is a well-known predisposing factor for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Decreased FLG expression can be the result of haploinsufficiency or severe inflammation, which can cause acquired FLG alterations. FLG mutations are related to several clinical and laboratory parameters of AD; however, some recent data seem to contradict these associations.Our aim was to determine which clinical and biochemical parameters are connected to FLG haploinsufficiency and which ones are also associated with acquired FLG alterations due to severe skin symptoms in patients with AD.We introduced a novel classification of patients with AD, based on FLG mutations and SCORAD (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis). Based on these parameters, we created three groups of patients with AD: mild-to-moderate wild-type (A), severe wild-type (B) and severe mutant (C). In all groups, we assessed laboratory and clinical parameters and performed immunohistochemical analyses.Groups B and C contained patients with equally severe symptoms based on the SCORAD. The two severe groups did not differ significantly with respect to barrier-specific parameters, whereas group A had significantly better results for the barrier function measurements. However, significant differences were detected between groups B and C with respect to the allergic sensitization-specific parameters.These findings suggest that skin barrier function correlates with the severity of skin inflammation and can be equally impaired in patients with FLG mutant- and wild-type AD with severe symptoms. Nevertheless, our results also suggest that patients with FLG mutant-type AD may have a higher risk of allergic sensitization compared with patients with the wild-type.
Gap junctional intercellular communication and cell proliferation during rat liver carcinogenesis.
Authors: H Yamasaki, V Krutovskikh, M Mesnil, A Columbano, H Tsuda, N Ito
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

During multistage liver carcinogenesis, there is a sequential decrease in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), associated with reduced expression of a major liver gap-junction protein (connexin 32). There are also several lines of evidence indicating that the induction of cell proliferation plays an important role during liver carcinogenesis. The relationship between GJIC and cell proliferation and their roles in liver carcinogenesis are not yet known. Results from various experiments suggest that there is a close relationship between the inhibition of GJIC and stimulation of liver cell proliferation. However, our results also suggest that different stimuli may affect cell proliferation and GJIC differentially by different mechanisms.
The new counterculture
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Many wouldn’t be seen dead in them—even with the incentives provided by rising inflation and the fallout from the collapse of the sub-prime loans market in the United States. Not even the “think of a number then double it” methods favoured by gas and electricity suppliers in raising their prices have persuaded diehards that it’s worth changing the habits of a lifetime by shopping at discount supermarkets.

For other people, though, outlets such as Aldi, Lidl, and Netto are an increasingly important lifeline. They are typified by their …
Financial Relationships Between Medical Communication Companies and Industry
Authors: Murray Kopelow
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interaction of Cimetidine and Alcohol
Authors: O. T. Tan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs Feely and Wood (1982;247:2819) demonstrated that prior administration of cimetidine hydrochloride caused increased blood alcohol levels after a standard dose of alcohol in orange juice. They claimed that this elevation of blood alcohol concentration was the result of decreased alcohol metabolism, but as their graph showed that the rates of elimination in the presence or absence of cimetidine were similar, their interpretation of the suppression of alcohol metabolism is not supported by their findings. Holt et al<sup>1</sup>have found that blood alcohol levels after a standard dose of alcohol are a function of the rate of gastric emptying. Cimetidine is known to alter gastric activity, and the increased blood alcohol levels reported by Feely and Wood are most likely the result of increased gastric motility. We have shown<sup>2</sup>that the combination of H<sub>1</sub>and H<sub>2</sub>antihistamines (chlorpheniramine maleate and cimetidine) interact to inhibit
CARDIAC FUNCTION IS ENHANCED BY MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (MRAS) DURING CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE SUPPORT
Authors: Omar Saeed, Rita Jermyn, Jooyoung Shin, Snehal Patel, David D'lessandro, Daniel Goldstein, Ronald Zolty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ankle Clamp for Cystic Duct
Authors: Jack D. McCarthy
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent letter, Dr. Beggs confirmed the utility of a fenestrated right ankle clamp to maintain a metallic or plastic cannula in the cystic duct for use during operative cholangiography (221:1163, 1972). Dr. Beggs does not specifically claim that the modification is of his invention. It might be of interest to point out that the clamp has been described and illustrated (<i>Arch Surg</i>100:424-429, 1970). Although not specifically known by me at the time of submission of that manuscript, I have found the equivalent clamp in a German instrument catalog that I have been unable to retrace. Dr. Beggs is correct. The clamp is far more efficient than the use of a ligature for the same purpose. It does not interfere with the radiologic image since it lies away from the area of interest.
Twelve- and 52-Week Efficacy of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor LAF237 in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bo Ahrén, Ramon Gomis, Eberhard Standl, David Mills, Anja Schweizer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To assess the 12- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes continuing metformin treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 107 patients with type 2 diabetes with a 40-week extension in those completing the core study and agreeing, together with the investigator, to extend treatment to 1 year. Placebo (n = 51) or LAF237 (50 mg once daily, n = 56) was added to ongoing metformin treatment (1,500–3,000 mg/day). HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured periodically, and standardized meal tests were performed at baseline, week 12, and week 52. RESULTS—In patients randomized to LAF237, baseline HbA1c averaged 7.7 ± 0.1% and decreased at week 12 (Δ = −0.6 ± 0.1%), whereas HbA1c did not change from a baseline of 7.9 ± 0.1% in patients given placebo (between-group difference in ΔHbA1c = −0.7 ± 0.1%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Mean prandial glucose and FPG were significantly reduced in patients receiving LAF237 versus placebo by 2.2 ± 0.4 mmol/l (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and 1.2 ± 0.4 mmol/l (P = 0.0057), respectively, but plasma insulin levels were not affected. At end point of the extension, the between-group differences in change in mean prandial glucose, insulin, and FPG were −2.4 ± 0.6 mmol/l (P = 0.0001), 40 ± 16 pmol/l (P = 0.0153), and −1.1 ± 0.5 mmol/l (P = 0.0312), respectively. HbA1c did not change from week 12 to week 52 in LAF237-treated patients (n = 42) but increased in participants given placebo (n = 29). The between-group difference in ΔHbA1c after 1 year was −1.1 ± 0.2% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—Data from this study demonstrate that LAF237 effectively prevents deterioration of glycemic control when added to metformin monotherapy in type 2 diabetes.
Consultation rates among middle aged men in general practice over three years.
Authors: D G Cook, J K Morris, M Walker, A G Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To provide data on consultation rates in general practice for middle aged men over three years according to their age and social class. DESIGN--Prospective study of men over eight years. Data on consultation rates during years 6-8 were collected retrospectively from practice records. SETTING--Over 1000 general practices in Great Britain by year 8. Initially (in 1978-80) the men had been selected at random from one practice in each of 24 towns. SUBJECTS--7013 Men aged 46-65 in the sixth year of follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Number of consultations a year over three years. RESULTS--The mean annual consultation rate over the three years rose steadily with age (7.0 at age 46-50 to 9.7 at age 61-65) and with social class (6.4 in class I to 10.0 in class V) but was potentially misleading as the distribution was skew: 10.5% of men (736) did not consult over the three years and 17.2% (1209) consulted only once or twice, whereas 11.4% (798) of men were seen more than 18 times. The percentage of men who did not consult over three years fell only slightly with age and was unrelated to social class, with roughly a tenth of all age and social class groups not consulting. Two thirds of non-consulters in year 6 (1598/2334) consulted in year 7 or 8. CONCLUSIONS--The mean is not an appropriate summary measure of consultation rates and may conceal important differences among practices or other groups. The new general practitioner contract stipulates that all patients aged 16-74 must be provided with information to promote health and prevent illness at least once every three years. Most practices will have to approach a tenth of their men aged 46-65 specially to provide this service even if one consultation in three years is regarded as sufficient to allow a service to be provided.
Longitudinal community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations and incidence of HIV-1 among injecting drug users: prospective cohort study
Authors: E. Wood, T. Kerr, B. D L Marshall, K. Li, R. Zhang, R. S Hogg, P R. Harrigan, J. S G Montaner
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the relation between plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations in the community and HIV incidence among injecting drug users. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Inner city community in Vancouver, Canada. <b>Participants</b> Injecting drug users, with and without HIV, followed up every six months between 1 May 1996 and 30 June 2007. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Estimated community plasma HIV-1 RNA in the six months before each HIV negative participant’s follow-up visit. Associated HIV incidence. <b>Results</b> Among 622 injecting drug users with HIV, 12 435 measurements of plasma HIV-1 RNA were obtained. Among 1429 injecting drug users without HIV, there were 155 HIV seroconversions, resulting in an incidence density of 2.49 (95% confidence interval 2.09 to 2.88) per 100 person years. In a Cox model that adjusted for unsafe sexual behaviours and sharing used syringes, the estimated community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration remained independently associated with the time to HIV seroconversion (hazard ratio 3.32 (1.82 to 6.08, P&lt;0.001), per log<sub>10</sub> increase). When the follow-up period was limited to observations after 1 January 1988 (when the median plasma HIV RNA concentration was &lt;20 000 copies/ml), the median viral load was no longer statistically associated with HIV incidence (1.70 (0.79 to 3.67, P=0.175), per log<sub>10</sub> increase). <b>Conclusions</b> A longitudinal measure of community plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration was correlated with the community HIV incidence rate and predicted HIV incidence independent of unsafe sexual behaviours and sharing used syringes. If these findings are confirmed, they could help to inform both HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
Left ventricular mass and subsequent blood pressure changes among middle-aged men in rural and urban Japanese populations.
Authors: H Iso, M Kiyama, M Doi, N Nakanishi, A Kitamura, Y Naito, S Sato, M Iida, M Konishi, T Shimamoto
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass (LVM) is useful in the prediction of hypertension. To examine the relation between LVM and subsequent blood pressure (BP) change, a 6- to 8-year follow-up was conducted in adult Japanese men. METHODS AND RESULTS LVM was determined by M-mode echocardiography using the American Society of Echocardiography formula among 354 normotensive men aged 30 to 59 years from a rural community (n = 193) and from urban companies (n = 161) in Japan between 1979 and 1983. BP was remeasured 6 to 8 years after baseline in 148 rural men (77%) and 127 urban men (79%). For men whose BP was remeasured, the mean +/- SD LVM index (LVM/body surface area [g/m2]) at baseline was 117 +/- 22 in rural men and 99 +/- 15 in urban men (the difference, P &lt; .001). For both populations, LVM index was positively associated with age and physical activity but not with body mass index. Associations of LVM index with usual alcohol intake and initial BPs were generally weak. According to linear regression analyses after controlling for these covariates at baseline, a 20-g/m2 greater LVM index at baseline was associated with a 5 mm Hg increase in systolic and a 4 mm Hg increase in diastolic BP during the subsequent 6 to 8 years for urban men. A 1-mm greater average ventricular wall thickness was associated with a similar BP increase. For rural men, positive associations of LVM index with BP increase existed but were weak. The weaker association between LVM index and BP increase in rural compared with urban men was probably the result of effects of higher physical activity, leading to a larger left ventricular internal dimension. The increase in systolic and diastolic BPs over the 6 to 8 years of observation was significantly related to baseline LVM index in rural and urban men with a smaller internal dimension (rural men, &lt; or = 49 mm; urban men, &lt; or = 47 mm) but not in those with larger dimensions. CONCLUSIONS An increased LVM index predicts subsequent BP increase in middle-aged normotensive men in the presence of a normal or small internal dimension.
Trial shows that homoeopathic arnica is no better than placebo
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Homoeopathic arnica failed to show any advantage compared with placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising, and swelling in patients having elective hand surgery in results from a small randomised trial published this week.

The trial randomised 64 adults having elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome to three groups. The first group took three tablets of homoeopathic arnica 30C (“high potency,” 30 centesimal solutions) for seven days before surgery and for 14 days afterwards. The second group took three tablets of arnica 6C (“low potency,” 6 centesimal solutions) each day, and the third group took placebo tablets over the same time period.

Results showed no differences between the three groups in the primary …