tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Meth Lab Fires Put Heat on Burn Centers
Authors: M. Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nasopharyngeal Carriers of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Dorothy G. Farrell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Since emergence and wide dissemination in the civilian population of sulfadiazine-resistant strains of Group B<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, all military recruit training centers in the United States have had some experience with disease caused by those organisms. In comparison to other centers for basic military training, however, Lackland Air Force Base, located near San Antonio, Tex, has been minimally afflicted. No cases of meningococcal meningitis due to Group B organisms occurred in recruits at Lackland in 1962, 1963, or 1964. During that time meningitis had caused the input of recruits to be suspended temporarily at the San Diego Naval Training Center,<sup>1</sup>where the problem of sulfadiazine-resistant meningococci was first recognized,<sup>2</sup>and at Fort Ord, the US Army facility near Monterey, Calif.<sup>3,4</sup>The disease caused great concern in other military training centers in 1964. Possible explanations for the prolonged absence of clinical cases of Group B meningococcal infection in
Letter: Incidence of endometrical carcinoma.
Authors: R Doll, L J Kinlen, D C Skegg
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The authors respond to a communication criticizing an earlier article of theirs published in the British Medical Journal, April 3, 1976. They were accused of incorrectly interpreting data on mortality rates for cancer of the corpus uteri, in Wales and England, as evidence that no increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer had occurred. The authors point out that they drew no such conclusion from the mortality rates. Included in the letter are some recent data from Great Britain on the incidence of endometrial cancer and the prescribing of estrogens. among the age groups 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79, the % of women who received 1 or more prescriptions were 4.6, 5.9, 1.1, and 1.0, respectively. In view of these low prescription rates, the lack of increase in the incidence of endometrial cancer, up to 1973, and in the mortality from endometrial cancer, up to 1974, in England and Wales is not surprising, nor can this data be used to support or deny an association between the incidence of endometrial cancer and prescribed use of estrogens.
Dutch doctors adopt guidelines on mercy killing of newborns
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Dutch paediatricians have voted unanimously to adopt as national guidelines the so called Groningen protocol that covers the mercy killing of newborn babies who are incurably sick and are suffering severely. The Dutch Paediatric Society accepted that “in exceptional circumstances and under strict conditions… deliberate ending of life” of such newborns “can be an acceptable option.”

The protocol gives exact details of the requirements doctors must follow and includes the mandatory reporting of all cases. The local protocol drawn up at Groningen University Hospital last autumn caused an international outcry. Its clinical director of paediatrics, Eduard Verhagen, told the BMJ at the time, “It is …
Functional and Biochemical Analysis of Angiotensin II–Forming Pathways in the Human Heart
Authors: Arlene Wolny, Jean-Paul Clozel, Josiane Rein, Paul Mory, Paul Vogt, Marko Turino, Wolfgang Kiowski, Walter Fischli
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is beneficial for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. However, it is unclear how complete the blockade by ACE inhibitors is and if there is continuing angiotensin II (Ang II) formation during chronic treatment with ACE inhibitors. Indeed chymase, a serine protease, which is able to form angiotensin II from angiotensin I (Ang I) and cannot be blocked by ACE inhibitors, has been shown to be present in human heart. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the extent of renin-angiotensin system blockade and the Ang II–forming pathways in cardiac tissue of patients chronically treated with ACE inhibitors or in patients without ACE inhibition therapy. Our studies indicate an incomplete ACE inhibition in human heart tissue after chronic ACE inhibitor therapy. Moreover, ACE contributes only a small portion to the total Ang I conversion, as shown in biochemical studies in ventricular and coronary homogenates or functionally as Ang I contractions in isolated rings of coronary arteries. A serine protease was responsible for the majority of Ang II production in both the membrane preparation and Ang I–induced contractions of isolated coronary arteries. In humans, the serine protease pathway is likely to play an important role in cardiac Ang II formation. Thus, drugs such as renin inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers might be able to induce a more complete blockade of the renin-angiotensin system, providing a more efficacious therapy.
SKIN PIGMENTATION CAUSED BY EPIDERMAL STRIPPING WITH ADHESIVE TAPE.
Authors: G. H. FINDLAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article SKIN PIGMENTATION CAUSED BY EPIDERMAL STRIPPING WITH ADHESIVE TAPE. Get access G. H. FINDLAY G. H. FINDLAY Section of Dermatology, University of Pretoria, and Photobiology Research Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 6, 1 June 1961, Pages 244–247, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14439.x Published: 01 June 1961
Abstract LB-157: IL-12p70 producing dendritic cell vaccine elicits Tc1 polarized T cells and extends time to progression in metastatic melanoma.
Authors: Beatriz M. Carreno, Michelle Becker-Hapak, Alexander Huang, Megan Chan, Amer Alyasiry, Wen-Rong Lie, Rebecca L. Aft, Lynn A. Cornelius, Katherine M. Trinkaus, Gerald P. Linette
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Systemic administration of IL-12p70 has demonstrated clinical activity in cancer patients but dose-limiting toxicities have hindered its incorporation in vaccine formulations. In this proof-of-concept phase I clinical trial (NCT00683670), we report on the immunological and clinical outcomes upon vaccination of newly diagnosed stage IV melanoma patients with CD40L/IFN-γ matured IL-12p70 producing dendritic cells (mDC). HLA-A*0201+ individuals with treatment naïve metastatic melanoma were vaccinated with mDC pulsed with melanoma gp100-derived peptides, every 3 weeks by intravenous infusion for six doses, after a single dose of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/m2 iv). CT imaging was performed at baseline, week 9 and 18 for clinical assessment using RECIST. PBMC were taken weekly for immune monitoring by tetramer analysis and functional assays. Six of seven treated patients develop sustained T cell immunity to all three melanoma gp100 antigen-derived (G154, G209-2M and G280-9V) peptides, while one patient had transient immunity only to the G209-2M peptide. Three of the six immunological responders developed a radiographic response by RECIST criteria and all three individuals had a time to progression (TTP) &amp;gt;11.5 mo. A Cox regression analysis followed by likelihood-ratio test revealed a positive correlation (p=0.0198) between DC derived IL-12p70 and TTP. Moreover, among clinical responders, vaccine-induced gp100-specific T cells displayed a Tc1 phenotype. In contrast, a selective defect in IL-12p35 transcription was identified in clinical non-responder patient DC and gp100-specific T cells from these patients displayed the Tc2 phenotype. Incorporation of TLR3 and TLR8 agonists into the CD40L/IFN-γ maturation protocol corrected the IL-12p70 production defect in DC derived from clinical non-responder patients. These findings underscore the essential role of IL-12p70 in the development of type-1 immunity in humans with cancer and provide evidence-based rationale for incorporating IL-12p70 into the next generation of cancer vaccine formulations. Citation Format: Beatriz M. Carreno, Michelle Becker-Hapak, Alexander Huang, Megan Chan, Amer Alyasiry, Wen-Rong Lie, Rebecca L. Aft, Lynn A. Cornelius, Katherine M. Trinkaus, Gerald P. Linette. IL-12p70 producing dendritic cell vaccine elicits Tc1 polarized T cells and extends time to progression in metastatic melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-157. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-157
Ethics of embryo manipulation.
Authors: M. Briggs
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Ethics and multicentre research projects SIR,-We strongly support Peter Moodie's suggestion that there should be a "national committee to give conditional approval" to multicentre trials.' We have concerns about the role of local research ethics committees in these trials, which have been expressed by others.2Recent guidance from the Department of Health, which merely advised "that committees should arrive at a voluntary arrangement under which one [local' research ethics committee] is nominated to consider the issue on behalf of them all" simply dodges all the difficulties and will do nothing to help the organisers of large projects to get prompt, authori- tative advice on ethics.4Major research projects must have ethical review by independent professionals who are expert in many disciplines, including statistics, pharmacology, epidemiology, toxicology, and sociology, as well as having a practical understanding of ethical issues.Our district's local research ethics committee simply does not possess all this skill, though it does have knowledge of local circum- stances.We suspect that this may be true in other districts.In the past two years our committee has considered 114 research projects, of which no less than 70% have been multicentre drug trials.In considering these projects we have been repeating the work of many other such committees.Each local research ethics committee has its own application form, so researchers have to redraft their applications to suit the styles of different districts.This is an expensive waste of effort whose main effect is to deter research.Surely there should be, as Moodie suggests, an authoritative expert committee that could comment on multicentre research projects.These comments would be available to both local research ethics committees and researchers.This would both ensure high standards and smoothe the process of ethical approval.
Racial Variation in the Incidence, Care, and Outcomes of Severe Sepsis
Authors: Amber E. Barnato, Sherri L. Alexander, Walter T. Linde-Zwirble, Derek C. Angus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Higher rates of sepsis have been reported in minorities.Objectives: To explore racial differences in the incidence and associated case fatality of severe sepsis, accounting for clinical, social, health care service delivery, and geographic characteristics.Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study using hospital discharge and U.S. Census data for all persons (n = 71,102,655) living in 68 hospital referral regions in six states.Measurements and Main Results: Age-, sex- and race-standardized severe sepsis incidence and inpatient case fatality rates, adjusted incidence rate ratios, and adjusted intensive care unit (ICU) admission and case fatality rate differences. Of 8,938,111 nonfederal hospitalizations, 282,292 had severe sepsis. Overall, blacks had the highest age- and sex-standardized population-based incidence (6.08/1,000 vs. 4.06/1,000 for Hispanics and 3.58/1,000 for whites) and ICU case fatality (32.1 vs. 30.4% for Hispanics and 29.3% for whites, P < 0.0001). Adjusting for differences in poverty in their region of residence, blacks still had a higher population-based incidence of severe sepsis (adjusted rate ratio, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.42–1.46]) than whites, but Hispanics had a lower incidence (adjusted rate ratio, 0.91 [0.90–0.92]). Among patients with severe sepsis admitted to the ICU, adjustments for clinical characteristics and the treating hospital fully explained blacks' higher ICU case fatality.Conclusions: Higher adjusted black incidence and the lower Hispanic incidence may reflect residual confounding, or it could signal biologic differences in susceptibility. Focused interventions to improve processes and outcomes of care at the hospitals that disproportionately treat blacks could narrow disparities in overall mortality from severe sepsis.
α3β1 integrin–controlled Smad7 regulates reepithelialization during wound healing in mice
Authors: Louise E. Reynolds, Francesco J. Conti, Rita Silva, Stephen D. Robinson, Vandana Iyer, Rob Rudling, Barbara Cross, Emma Nye, Ian R. Hart, C. Michael DiPersio, Kairbaan M. Hodivala-Dilke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Effective reepithelialization after injury is essential for correct wound healing. The upregulation of keratinocyte α3β1 integrin during reepithelialization suggests that this adhesion molecule is involved in wound healing; however, its precise role in this process is unknown. We have shown here that retarded reepithelialization in Itga3–/– mouse skin wounds is due predominantly to repressed TGF-β1–mediated responses. Specifically, expression of the inhibitor of TGF-β1–signaling Smad7 was elevated in Itga3–/– keratinocytes. Indeed, in vivo blockade of Smad7 increased the rate of reepithelialization in Itga3–/– and WT wounds to similar levels. Our data therefore indicate that the function of α3β1 integrin as a mediator of keratinocyte migration is not essential for reepithelialization but suggest instead that α3β1 integrin has a major new in vivo role as an inhibitor of Smad7 during wound healing. Moreover, our study may identify a previously undocumented function for Smad7 as a regulator of reepithelialization in vivo and implicates Smad7 as a potential novel target for the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF RENAL FUNCTION IN MAN
Authors: Jonas H. Sirota, David S. Baldwin, Herman Villarreal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

A diurnal rhythm in water and electrolyte excretion in man has been described by several investigators.Kleitman (1) reported decreased urine flow and chloride excretion during sleep as compared to "waking" hours, and suggested decreased blood pressure during sleep as the cause.Simpson (2, 3) confirmed these observations in young healthy adults who ingested the same amount of water at hourly intervals throughout 24 hours and suggested the acidosis of sleep, with the resultant intracellular shift of chloride and water, as a possible mechanism for the positive balance of these substances during sleep.Man- chester (4) studied the 24 hour variations of wa- ter and mineral balance in two epileptic children on graded activity.He found that the maximum excretion of water, sodium, potassium and chlo- ride occurred from 6:00 A.M. to 12:00 midnight, the minimum excretion from 12 midnight to 6:00 A.M.He concluded that the diurnal variation of water and mineral excretion is related to sleep rather than to changes in physical activity.Simpson (5) was unable to affect the cycle by means of dehydration, fasting, changes in posture or short periods of sleep during the day.Norn (6) re- ported a reversal of the cycle with respect to time in a night watchman who obtained his normal com- plement of sleep, during the day.Brod (7) showed that normal subjects have depressed en- dogenous "creatinine" clearances at night associ- ated with diminished urine flow.It has been adequately demonstrated that the diurnal rhythm in water and electrolyte excretion may be absent or reversed in pathologic states.Fishberg (8) states that the nocturia of nephritis is due to a lack of concentrating ability and that this symptom in hypertension may be due to this 1
Topical treatment targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine lyase abrogates experimental allergic rhinitis in a murine model
Authors: A. KleinJan, M. van Nimwegen, K. Leman, H. C. Hoogsteden, B. N. Lambrecht
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate ( S 1 P ) plays a crucial role in homeostasis of the immune system by regulating lymphocyte recirculation and inflammatory cell recruitment. The levels of S 1 P are tightly controlled through regulated production and controlled breakdown by sphingosine‐lyase ( SL ). The S 1 P analogue FTY 720 has been developed as an immunosuppressant in transplantation and tested as a treatment for various inflammatory diseases. FTY 720 exploits S 1 P biology by acting as a S 1 P 1 and S 1 P 3 agonist and by inhibiting S 1 P breakdown by SL . Objective Here, we investigate interfering S 1 P in allergic rhinitis ( AR ) and its way of action. Methods Allergic rhinitis was induced by sensitizing mice to ovalbumin ( OVA ) and challenging the nose with OVA allergen. At the time of allergen challenge, mice received topical intranasal treatment with FTY 720. To address the relative contribution of SL inhibition in mediating its effects, some mice were treated with the SL inhibitor 2‐acetyl‐4‐tetrahydroxybutyl ( THI ). Results FTY 720 treatment resulted in significantly fewer eosinophils, mast cells and dendritic cells in the nasal mucosa of AR animals, compared with diluent treatment. Levels of IL ‐4, IL ‐5, IL ‐10 and IL ‐13 produced by lymph node cells fell significantly in FTY 720‐treated animals. Moreover, FTY 720 proved potent enough to suppress inflammation in a model of persistent AR . In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that FTY 720 impaired T h2 differentiation and proliferation important in driving eosinophilia and induced apoptosis in mast cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that interfering with S 1 P metabolism is a powerful and feasible strategy to develop new topical agents that suppress AR .
Toll-like receptor–induced changes in glycolytic metabolism regulate dendritic cell activation
Authors: Connie M. Krawczyk, Thomas Holowka, Jie Sun, Julianna Blagih, Eyal Amiel, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Justin R. Cross, Euihye Jung, Craig B. Thompson, Russell G. Jones, Edward J. Pearce
Journal: Blood (2010)
ON THE EXPLORATION OF THE BRAIN WITH A NEEDLE AND SYRINGE THROUGH CAPILLARY HOLES DRILLED THROUGH THE SKULL.
Authors: EDMOND SOUCHON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It is several years ago, in May, 1889, that I first drew the attention of the profession to the value and importance of exploring the brain with a needle through small apertures made in the skull. This method was proposed to take the place of trephining,<i>i.e.</i>removing a ring or bone, before exploring the subdural spaces and the brain. The simplicity of the procedure and its safety recommended it as an easy means within the reach of a greater number than the other more serious and comparatively complicated operation of the trepan. By its ready employment it was expected that many lesions, specially abscesses, cysts and hard tumors, could be earlier diagnosed and located with certainty after exploring by this means the region suspected from the distant symptoms. To determine first the possible dangers from hemorrhage I conducted a number of experiments on dogs. The manner of proceeding was
Abstract 2336: Interplay of Fra-2/AP-1 and Ezh2/PRC2 orchestrates epidermal differentiation
Authors: Stefanie Wurm, Juan Guinea-Viniegra, Jisheng Zhang, Elena Ezhkova, Erwin Friedrich Wagner
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Disrupted epidermal differentiation characterizes numerous inflammatory skin diseases and skin cancer that impact &amp;gt;25% of the population. In search for a key mediator of differentiation, we identified Fra-2/AP-1 as a dominant regulator of terminal epidermal differentiation. Loss of Fra-2 in suprabasal keratinocytes was sufficient to give rise to epidermal differentiation defects, keratinocyte hyperproliferation as well as skin inflammation. Additionally, the epithelial-restricted, ectopic expression of Fra-2 in papilloma prone K5-SOS-F transgenic mice resulted in reduced tumor burden due to precocious differentiation. Fra-2 transcriptionally controlled genes located within the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC), encoding structural proteins, which form the skin barrier as well as keratinocyte derived chemokines. We found that Fra-2 induced EDC genes by binding to conserved AP-1 consensus sites in promoter regions. These consensus sites were also bound by the transcriptional repressor Ezh2. Besides binding to the same consensus sites, the methyl-transferase Ezh2 methylated Fra-2 on lysine residues in basal epithelial progenitor cells. Interestingly, the interaction of Fra-2 and Ezh2 was disrupted in the time course of keratinocyte differentiation, suggesting that the transcriptional activity of Fra-2 is modulated by Ezh2. Collectively, we identify Fra-2 as an effector of terminal keratinocyte differentiation and uncover a distinct mechanism of how Ezh2 regulates epidermal differentiation by methylation of the transcription factor Fra-2. Citation Format: Stefanie Wurm, Juan Guinea-Viniegra, Jisheng Zhang, Elena Ezhkova, Erwin Friedrich Wagner. Interplay of Fra-2/AP-1 and Ezh2/PRC2 orchestrates epidermal differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2336. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2336
Innate Recognition of Cell Wall β-Glucans Drives Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Responses against Fungi
Authors: Nadia R. Cohen, Raju V.V. Tatituri, Amariliz Rivera, Gerald F.M. Watts, Edy Y. Kim, Asako Chiba, Beth B. Fuchs, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Gurdyal S. Besra, Stuart M. Levitz, Manfred Brigl, Michael B. Brenner
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Consent obtained by the junior house officer—is it informed?
Authors: J S Huntley, D A Shields, N K Stallworthy
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1998)

Of 30 junior house officers questioned, 21 had obtained patients' consent for colonoscopy. Of these 21, about one-third did not routinely discuss with patients the risks of perforation and haemorrhage. Ideally, consent should be obtained by a person capable of performing the procedure. If it is to be obtained by junior house officers, they need to know exactly what must be disclosed about each procedure. This could easily be done as part of the induction package.