tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Foramen ovale/atrial septum area ratio: a marker of transatrial blood flow.
Authors: D L Atkins, E B Clark, W J Marvin
Journal: Circulation (1982)

We examined 51 cardiac specimens to test the hypothesis that the size of the foramen ovale is directly proportional to the relative volume of transatrial blood flow during cardiac morphogenesis. Included in the study were 18 normal specimens, five with tricuspid atresia, four with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum, nine with secundum atrial septal defect, eight with simple coarctation of the aorta and seven with aortic stenosis. The areas of the foramen ovale and atrial septum were measured and the ratio of foramen ovale to atrial septum was calculated. The area of the atrial septum did not differ significantly among the six groups. Normal specimens had a ratio of 0.19 +/- 0.07. Specimens with tricuspid atresia and pulmonary atresia had ratios of 0.43 +/- 0.01 and 0.38 +/- 0.10, respectively (p less than 0.05). The ratio in specimens with coarctation of the aorta was 0.15 +/- 0.07 (NS). Specimens with aortic stenosis had a ratio of 0.11 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.05). Specimens with secundum atrial septal defects had a ratio of 0.37 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.05). These data indicate that the foramen ovale is a marker of transatrial blood flow in utero. Secundum atrial septal defects may be a consequence of increased transatrial blood flow.
Avidity of Radiogallium for Bone in Thalassemia
Authors: ARLENE P. GRIMMOND, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 6-year-old boy with β-thalassemia major had a radiogallium (Ga-67 citrate) study. There was avid radiotracer accumulation in several osseous sites. Since these were symmetrical (right and left), they did not appear to be infectious in origin. They corresponded to radiographically demonstrated regions of marrow cavity hypertrophy, and probably represented radiogallium uptake in the marrow or matrix at the metabolically active locales.
Massive Hemoperitoneum Due to Gastric Diverticulum
Authors: Will W. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1966)

DIVERTICULUM of the stomach is an unusual anomaly of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A true diverticulum must contain all coats of the gastric wall with no evidence of other gastric or extragastric disease to account for it. The occurrence of this condition in only 0.0043% of general hospital admissions and 0.043% of routine radiologic studies emphasizes its rarity.<sup>1</sup>Palmer<sup>2</sup>reviewed 412 authentic cases reported by 1951. He noted that direct complications of true diverticula were remarkably few.<sup>4</sup>Although massive bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract has been reported,<sup>3</sup>it is an infrequent event, despite the fact that the mucosal lining of the diverticulum often shows considerable change due to trauma and inflammation. Brown et al<sup>4</sup>reported gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 of 30 cases. Recurrent bleeding into the intestinal tract has also been described.<sup>5</sup>Sutherland<sup>6</sup>reported a case of occult gastrointestinal bleeding due to hemorrhage from
Superimposing positive end-expiratory pressure during partial liquid ventilation in experimental lung injury
Authors: U Kaisers, R Kuhlen, U Keske, A Sommerer, A Mohnhaupt, KJ Falke, R Rossaint
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

This study was undertaken to determine the effects of superimposing incremental levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics and morphological changes in experimental acute lung injury (ALI). In a prospective trial, six pigs weighing 30+/-5 kg (mean+/-SD) were tracheotomized, submitted to pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation (pc-CMV) and depleted of surfactant by lung lavage. Animals were then mechanically ventilated with three levels of PEEP: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kPa. PLV was then initiated by intratracheal instillation of 30 mL x kg(-1) perfluorocarbon, followed by pc-CMV with PEEP 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kPa. Computed tomography (CT)-based analyses of lung volumes and density were obtained after lung lavage, in PLV and during the combined application of PLV and PEEP. Simultaneously, haemodynamics, gas exchange, dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and dynamic resistance (Rdyn) were determined. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate analyses of variance for repeated measures (p<0.05). In ALI and before PLV, the application of PEEP significantly reduced cardiac output and intrapulmonary shunt. Arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) was increased from 6.9 kPa (52 (42, 54) mmHg) (median, (25th and 75th percentile)) to 8.6 kPa (65 (52, 133) mmHg) (PEEP 1.0 kPa) and 15.6 kPa (117 (90, 195) mmHg) (PEEP 15 kPa) (p<0.05). The lung volume obtained by CT increased, CT density was reduced (p<0.05), Cdyn tended to increase and Rdyn to decrease (nonsignificant). PLV increased arterial carbon dioxide tension and reduced pH (p<0.05). CT lung volume and lung density were increased (p<0.05). Superimposing PEEP on PLV increased Pa,O2 from 9.3 kPa (70 (52,124) mmHg) (PEEP 0.5 kPa) to 12.9 kPa (97 (55, 233) mmHg) (PEEP 1.0 kPa) and 403 kPa (303 (64, 426) mmHg) (PEEP 1.5 kPa) (p<0.05), but had no significant effect on CT lung volume and density. It was concluded that in experimental lung injury, positive end-expiratory pressure provided alveolar recruitment. The combined application of positive end-expiratory pressure and partial liquid ventilation significantly augmented oxygenation and might eventually allow either a reduction in the volumes of perfluorocarbons required, or a reduction in positive end-expiratory pressure necessary to maintain pulmonary gas exchange in acute lung injury.
INFECTIOUS ASTHMA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CHRONIC SINUS AND PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors: JOSEPH HARKAVY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Under the impetus given by the expansion of the concept of protein hypersensitiveness as a fundamental expression of this malady, great strides have been made in the understanding of some of the etiologic factors involved. The brilliant contributions of Meltzer,<sup>1</sup>Landsteiner,<sup>2</sup>Coca,<sup>3</sup>Cook,<sup>4</sup>Walker,<sup>5</sup>Schloss,<sup>6</sup>Rackeman,<sup>7</sup>and Prausnitz and Kustner,<sup>8</sup>not to mention others, both from the laboratory and the clinical aspects, have been largely responsible for the advances in this field. Nevertheless, we often wonder whether the idea of allergy, which is so rapidly acquiring new and different connotations, is not clouding the physician's vision and hampering him in the understanding of certain syndromes similar in appearance but different in their underlying mechanism. Thus, in the study of the asthma problem in adults, the allergic enthusiast may be confronted with an impasse in at least 47 per cent of cases according
Patient-reported quality of life is associated with severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease as measured by NIH criteria: report on baseline data from the Chronic GVHD Consortium
Authors: Joseph Pidala, Brenda Kurland, Xiaoyu Chai, Navneet Majhail, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Steven Pavletic, Corey Cutler, David Jacobsohn, Jeanne Palmer, Sally Arai, Madan Jagasia, Stephanie J. Lee
Journal: Blood (2011)
Total Suppression of Ventricular Arrhythmias by Encainide
Authors: Dan M. Roden, Stots B. Reele, Stanley B. Higgins, Robert F. Mayol, Richard E. Gammans, John A. Oates, Raymond L. Woosley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We studied the antiarrhythmic effect of a range of oral doses of encainide in 11 patients with stable high-frequency ventricular arrhythmias. Total suppression of arrhythmia was documented in 10 patients at a wide range of doses and plasma concentrations, and the suppression was subsequently verified in a placebo-controlled crossover study. Drug elimination was rapid (the half-life was 1.9 to 3.8 hours), but the margin between efficacy and side effects was sufficiently wide for therapy every six to 12 hours to be feasible in all 10 patients, with continuing outpatient treatment at six to 12 months. Marked prolongation of PR (mean, 44 per cent) and QRS (mean, 47 per cent) durations coincided with abolition of arrhythmia, but no evidence that these effects were detrimental was observed in radionuclide ventriculograms, exercise testing, or prolonged monitoring. A single patient whose arrhythmia and electrocardiogram were unchanged during therapy eliminated the drug much more slowly than the others and was the only patient in whom no O-demethyl form could be detected in plasma, suggesting that this metabolite may be active. In this study, encainide was a highly effective, well-tolerated antiarrhythmic agent.
Is ERCP a Reasonable Diagnostic Method for Excluding Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Disease in Patients with a Billroth II Resection?
Authors: H.-J. Thon, A. Löffler, G. Buess, Th. Gheorghiu
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

ERCP was performed in 57 patients who had undergone Billroth II resection. Cannulation of the papilla of Vater was successfully accomplished in 31 cases (55%). The success rate of ERCP was clearly dependent on the type of Billroth II resection presenting.
Gender differences in ethanol preference and ingestion in rats. The role of the gonadal steroid environment.
Authors: O F Almeida, M Shoaib, J Deicke, D Fischer, M H Darwish, V K Patchev
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

An ethanol oral self administration paradigm showed the existence of gender differences in alcohol preference in rats: whereas males and females initiated alcohol drinking at similar rates, females maintained their preference for ethanol over a longer duration. Neonatal estrogenization of females, which effectively confers a male phenotype on a genetically female brain, resulted in patterns of drinking that were similar to those displayed by intact male rats, indicating that gender differences in alcohol drinking patterns may be, at least partially, accounted for by sexual differentiation of the brain. To test whether gonadal steroids also exert activational effects on ethanol-seeking behavior, we also examined the effects of gonadectomy alone, or in combination with gonadal steroid replacement therapy. Castration did not significantly alter ethanol consumption in males, although treatment of castrated rats with dihydrotestosterone resulted in a significant inhibition of this parameter. As compared with the situation in intact female rats, ethanol ingestion was significantly reduced in ovariectomized female rats receiving estradiol (E2) and in ovariectomized female rats receiving combined E2 and progesterone replacement therapy. However, neither ovariectomy nor progesterone replacement in ovariectomized rats resulted in ethanol drinking patterns that were different compared to those observed in intact female controls. Thus, dihydrotestosterone and E2, respectively, appear to exert modulatory influences on the male and female rats' preference for ethanol, but further investigations are necessary to determine to what extent these effects result from activational actions on the brain.
NEW CASES OF WAR BLINDNESS DUE TO MUSTARD GAS
Authors: R. E. Bickerton
Journal: BMJ (1934)

RECURRENT VOMITING IN CHILDHOOD (ME BRITISHL 769 symptom-complexes that it is questionable whether in a number of cases they can be accurately separated.It is probable, therefore, that severe recurrent bilious attacks in childhood should be regarded as atypical manifestations of migraine.It may be mentioned in this connexion that various observers regard migraine as being due to food allergy.Balyeat and Rinkel6 are of the opinion that in about 30 per cent. of all patients with migraine, symptoms have developed during the first decade of life, and that many cases of so-called cyclic vomiting may actually be cases of nmigraine in childhood.Treatmert and Progress These are being discussed under one heading on account of their interrelationship.The general lines of treatment adopted may be stated tD consist essentially of:1.The ordering of a loxv fat diet with liberal carbo-
Clinical Librarianship: Its Value in Medical Care
Authors: Loraine F. Schacher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Current Clinical Issues17 April 2001Clinical Librarianship: Its Value in Medical CareLoraine F. SchacherLoraine F. SchacherAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Many studies have demonstrated the value of supplementing the information in doctors' heads with information from the published literature delivered to the point of care. Most of the physicians interviewed in three studies conducted in Chicago; Rochester, New York; and the United Kingdom said that answers to their questions from the literature provided new information; refreshed their memory regarding details or facts; or substantiated previous knowledge or beliefs, improving their confidence in their decisions (Bull Med Libr Assoc. 1996; 84:482-9).Medical library services ensure that health care providers have access to reliable, relevant, and up-to-date published information that enhances the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoClinical Librarianship Charles R. Fikar Metrics Cited byAccessReconfiguring Information Services in the Light of the Post-Custodial, Informational, and Scientific Paradigm of Information ScienceThe impact of Nursing Rounds on the practice environment and nurse satisfaction in intensive care: Pre-test post-test comparative studyHospital clinicians’ information behaviour and attitudes towards the ‘Clinical Informationist’: an Irish surveyAnalysis of library associated information needs of staff in a specialist palliative and gerontological care centre in Mid-West IrelandInnovation in clinical learning for the acute hospital environment: Nursing grand roundsThe Informationist: Ten Years LaterExperiences as an Embedded Librarian in Online CoursesKnowledge Workers, Librarians, and SafetyDo bibliotecário médico ao informacionista: traços semânticos de seus perfis e competênciasThe Clinical Librarian/InformationistA Clinical Librarian Program at an Urban Teaching HospitalUndertaking an information-needs analysis of the emergency-care physician to inform the role of the clinical librarian: a Greek perspectiveLibrarians as Hidden Gems in a Clinical TeamDifferent Information Needs of Emergency Department StaffClinical librarianship in the LISCE project, LondonClinical librarianship: a systematic review of the literatureClinical LibrarianshipCharles R. Fikar, MD, MSLS 17 April 2001Volume 134, Issue 8Page: 717-720KeywordsComputersHealth careHealth care providersHealth care qualityHealth information technologyHospital medicineLibrariesMemoryPatientsPharmacists ePublished: 17 April 2001 Issue Published: 17 April 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
SOME FACTS ABOUT DIGESTIVE FERMENTS.
Authors: TORALD SOLLMANN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> The Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry, in the course of its work, found occasion to examine a number of articles widely advertised as digestants. A large proportion of these failed to come up to the claims which were made for them—a failure which might have been predicted, since these claims often involve impossibilities as absurd as that of hoping for the simultaneous action of an acid and alkali by mixing the two; in other words, they are examples of well-established incompatabilities. For the reason, however, that these preparations are advertised indicates that many physicians are overlooking these facts, relying probably on the presumed skill of the manufacturers and believing that nothing so worthless would be offered to them. In view of this misplaced confidence, the Council has thought it advisable to bring the facts to general attention. <h3>MIXTURES OF FERMENTS IN LIQUID FORM.</h3> Digestion, in the human organism, is
Malabsorption in the Chronic Alcoholic.
Authors: G. M. Roggin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Malabsorption in the Chronic Alcoholic.G. M. Roggin, M.D., R. M. H. Kater, M.R.A.C.P., Fabio Tobon, M.D., F. L. Iber, M.D., F.A.C.P.G. M. Roggin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. M. H. Kater, M.R.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Fabio Tobon, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F. L. Iber, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1070_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGastrointestinal absorption was measured in 29 consecutive severely alcoholic men. All patients consumed at least 250 g ethanol/day for more than 1 year and lacked overt clinical evidence of severe malnutrition or cirrhosis of the liver. Patients were studied as near to the drinking period as possible. Fecal fat and nitrogen excretion, vitamin B12absorption,D-xylose absorption, and augmented histamine gastric analyses were performed. Sixty percent of the patients had an elevated fecal fat (range of abnormal, 6 to 18 g/24 hr), 79% had a diminishedD-xylose absorption (range, 0.2 to 4.5%), 47% had diminished B12absorption (range, 0.5 to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. M. Roggin, M.D.; R. M. H. Kater, M.R.A.C.P.; Fabio Tobon, M.D.; F. L. Iber, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byShort-term effects of moderate alcohol consumption on lipid metabolism and energy balance in normal menEffect of Ethanol on Intestinal Amino Acid TransportAlcohol-induced Malabsorption of Vitamin B12 in Man 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5 Page: 1070-1070 Keywords Alcoholics Cirrhosis Excretion Fats Histamine Liver Malnutrition Xylose ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy by Doppler transesophageal echocardiographic measurements of respiratory variations in pulmonary venous flow
Authors: Allan L. Klein, Gerald I. Cohen, Joseph F. Pietrolungo, Richard D. White, Alexander Bailey, Gregory L. Pearce, William J. Stewart, Ernesto E. Salcedo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Cigarette smoking and parity as risk factors for the development of symptomatic gall bladder disease in women: results of the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study.
Authors: F E Murray, R F Logan, P C Hannaford, C R Kay
Journal: Gut (1994)

The effects of cigarette smoking and parity on the development of symptomatic gall bladder disease remain controversial. These relations have been examined in a cohort of 46,000 women followed for up to 19 years during the Royal College of General Practitioners9 (RCGP) oral contraception study. During follow up, 1087 women were recorded as experiencing their first ever episode of symptomatic cholelithiasis (International Classification of Diseases, 8th revision (ICD-8) 574) or cholecystitis (ICD-8 575). Smokers were more likely to develop symptomatic gall bladder disease than non-smokers (relative risk 1.19; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.06 to 1.34) and there was a significant trend with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (test for trend chi 2 = 7.58, p &lt; 0.01). This relation was most apparent among never users of oral contraceptives, although similar trends were found among current and former users. A significant direct relation between symptomatic gall bladder disease and parity was also found (test for trend chi 2 = 21.89, p &lt; 0.001). When all were examined together a trend of increasing risk with lower social class was also found (test for trend chi 2 = 5.72, p = 0.02). Current users of oral contraceptives had a moderately increased risk of symptomatic gall bladder disease (relative risk 1.15; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.34), unlike former users (relative risk 1.03; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.18). These results suggest that smoking and parity are important risk factors for the development of symptomatic gall bladder disease in women.
Natural Killer T Cells in Asthma — Toward Increased Understanding
Authors: Ling-Pei Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

This issue of the Journal contains the second report within about a year on the presence of natural killer T cells in the lungs of patients with asthma. The two reports represent an intersection of two complex entities — asthma, because its pathogenesis is genetically and environmentally heterogeneous, and natural killer T cells, because their functions and mechanisms of action remain unclear. Natural killer T cells make up a unique family of cells with immunoregulatory properties. They express an invariant T-cell receptor that recognizes glycolipids rather than peptides. Natural killer T cells are known to modulate the activity of disease-causing . . .
Minimal contact treatment for smoking cessation. A placebo controlled trial of nicotine polacrilex and self-directed relapse prevention: initial results of the Stanford Stop Smoking Project
Authors: S. P. Fortmann
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To determine the effectiveness of nicotine polacrilex combined with self-administered relapse prevention materials in maintaining smoking cessation, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Volunteers aged 18 to 65 years responding to media announcements were required to quit smoking for 48 hours without assistance. Of 1844 potential participants, 136 were medically excluded, 535 declined to make a quit attempt, and 573 were unable to quit, leaving 600 participants (35%) who were randomized. Eight self-help relapse prevention modules were mailed weekly. Gum was used either ad lib for smoking urges or on a fixed, hourly schedule (12 pieces per day). Only 15% of the subjects in each gum group stopped using the gum altogether because of side effects, but only 20% of the ad lib groups and 40% of the fixed-dosage group used at least eight pieces of gum per day during the first week. The abstinence rates (for at least seven days) at the six-month follow-up were 31% in both active gum groups and 22% in the placebo and no gum groups. Relapse rates in the two active gum groups were about half those in the placebo and no gum groups. Nicotine polacrilex may be a useful adjunct to minimal contact smoking cessation formats, which have broad appeal. Also, minimal contact relapse prevention programs may assist physicians in helping patients to maintain smoking cessation using nicotine polacrilex. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1575-1580)
Lp (a) lipoprotein and impaired glucose tolerance: Association poorly investigated
Authors: A C G Uprichard, L Shurzinske
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - M Farrer and colleagues recently investigated the association between impaired glucose tolerance and Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration in relation to coronary artery disease.1 Although the subject was reasonable to investigate, we were disturbed by the statistical methods they used and by the conclusions they drew. In particular, the study design did not directly address the specific objectiveof assessing the relation …