tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIGH SPEED INTRA-CORONARY OPTICAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN IMAGING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Takayuki Okamura, Yoshinobu Onuma, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Nico Bruining, Evelyn Regar, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
ACUTE CARBOLIC ACID POISONING: RECOVERY.
Authors: J. B. CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>History.</h3> —On July 3, a child, aged 2% years, was hurriedly brought into the Santa Fe Hospital with the explanation from the mother that 5 minutes previously it had swallowed an indefinite amount of pure carbolic acid. A 2 ounce vial was found empty and a considerable burned area appeared on the chin, lips and neck. The child was limp and unconscious; respirations were slow and shallow; pulse was slow and feeble; pupils were contracted. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —Although somewhat contrary to precedent, a small caliber soft rubber stomach tube was carefully and easily introduced and a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate was introduced and syphoned out. This operation was repeated until two quarts of the solution had been used when some 6 ounces were allowed to remain and the tube was withdrawn. Atropia sulphate 1/600 gr. was introduced hypodermically, as also strychnia sulph 1/200 gr. <h3>Result.</h3> —Within half an hour the
Points: Therapeutic ranges in anticoagulant administration
Authors: A M H P van den Besselaar, E A Loeliger
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Mr P H Chapins and colleagues have provided information useful to practising physicians (25 May, p 1546).Although the authors viewed sigmoidoscopy as unhelpful in differentiating neoplastic (polyps, adenocarcinoma) from non-neoplastic sources (haemorrhoids, diverticula, etc), the data can be viewed as valuable in assessing the validity of rectal bleeding as a historical screening tool.Specifically, the simple characteristic of "no rectal bleeding" appears quite accurate in identifying those individuals without neoplastic disease.The 2 x 2 table is reconstructed from data in the article.The predictive value of a Relation between rectal bleeding and findings on siginoidoscopy Findings on sigmoidoscopy Carcinoma or No polyp or polyp >10cm carcinoma >10cm Rectal bleeding 4 44 No rectal bleeding 8 263positive finding, as described in the paper, is 4/48 or 8%-quite low.In contrast, the predictive value of a negative finding is 263/271 or 97%-that is, a history of no rectal bleeding accurately identified patients without neoplastic processes.While these results must be used cautiously when applied to a population different from that described in their study, it appears that a negative response to inquiry about rectal bleeding may be useful in identifying patients at low risk for rectosigmoid neoplasia.
The Ror Receptor Tyrosine Kinase CAM-1 Is Required for ACR-16-Mediated Synaptic Transmission at the C. elegans Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Michael M. Francis, Susan P. Evans, Michael Jensen, David M. Madsen, Joel Mancuso, Kenneth R. Norman, Andres Villu Maricq
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Work not welfare
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Filter ventilation creates sensations of ‘lightness’ or ‘smoothness’ and is also highly effective for controlling machine-tested yields of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. Nearly all factory-made cigarettes (FMC) now have filter ventilation in countries such as Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. Research conducted before ‘light’ and ‘mild’ labelling was banned found low smoker awareness of filter ventilation and its effects. This study explores current levels of awareness of filter ventilation and current understanding of its effects in these four countries. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from the 2018 wave of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey with samples from USA, England, Canada and Australia. Analyses were conducted initially on a weighted sample of 11 844, and subsequently on 7541 daily FMC smokers. <h3>Findings</h3> Only 40.3% of all respondents reported being aware of filter ventilation. Among daily FMC smokers, only 9.4% believed their cigarettes had filter ventilation. Believing that their usual cigarettes are smoother was positively associated with believing they are also less harmful. Both these beliefs independently predict believing their cigarettes are ventilated (smoother OR=1.97 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.59) and less harmful OR=2.41 (95% CI 1.66 to 3.49) in relation to those believing each characteristic is average. <h3>Interpretation</h3> Awareness of filter ventilation is currently low, despite decades of public ‘education efforts around the misleading nature of ‘light’ and ‘mild” descriptors. Few smokers realise that their cigarettes almost certainly are vented. Smokers who believed their cigarettes have filter ventilation were more likely to believe they were both smoother and less harmful. Awareness of the technology appears to be insufficient to prevent smokers being deceived by it. Filter ventilation is inherently misleading to smokers and it is time to ban it.
DNA repair after irradiation in glioma cells and normal human astrocytes
Authors: Susan C. Short, Christine Martindale, Sara Bourne, Geoff Brand, Mick Woodcock, Peter Johnston
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

We examined DNA damage responses and repair in four human glioma cell lines (A7, U87, T98G, and U373) and normal human astrocytes (NHAs) after clinically relevant radiation doses to establish whether we could identify differences among them that might suggest new approaches to selective radiosensitization. We used phosphorylation of histone H2AX visualized by immunocytochemistry to assess DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and resolution. Fluorescence immunocytochemistry was used to visualize and quantify repair foci. Western blotting was used to quantify repair protein levels in the different cell lines before and after irradiation and during different cell cycle phases. Mitotic labeling was used to measure cell cycle parameters after irradiation. We found that the glioma cell lines repaired DSBs more slowly and less effectively than did NHAs in the clinically relevant dose range, as assessed by induction and resolution of H2AX phosphorylation, and this was most marked in the three TP53-mutated cell lines (T98G, A7, and U373). The glioma cells also expressed relatively high repair-protein levels compared with NHAs that were not altered by irradiation. High levels of the repair protein Rad51 in these cells persisted throughout the cell cycle, and a marked increase in Rad51 foci formation, which was not restricted to cells in G2/S phase, occurred at early time points after irradiation. TP53-mutated glioma cell lines demonstrated a very prominent dose-responsive G2 checkpoint and were sensitized to radiation by caffeine, which inhibits G2/S phase checkpoint activation. In conclusion, DNA repair events differed in these four glioma cell lines compared with NHAs. In particular, the three TP53-mutated glioma cell lines exhibited markedly increased Rad51 protein levels and marked, dose-dependent Rad51 foci formation after low radiation doses. This suggests that agents that disrupt Rad51-dependent repair or prevent G2 checkpoint activation may selectively sensitize these cells.
The Cost of Drugs
Authors: Mickey C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PATIENT concern over drug prices frequently finds expression in questions asked of their physicians. What responses can be given? It is good to recognize the pervasive role of drugs in the lives of most patients. The total sales of prescription drugs in 1974 was more than $5 billion. The average patient received eight prescriptions in that year; the patient over 65 years old may have received 15 or more prescriptions. In addition, some $3.5 billion worth of nonprescription drugs were sold. The prescription drug has other characteristics that make it vulnerable to patient complaint. Remember that the patient first visits his physician, and then still must get his prescription filled. Also, as has been pointed out before by others, prescription drugs are unusual in being one commodity where the person who chooses is not the one who pays. To place these expenses in perspective, it is well to remember that
Timothy Joseph Sheehan
Authors: K. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Timothy Joseph Sheehan (“Tim”) was brought up in Bristol and studied medicine in Nottingham. He was popular with many, not only for his good looks and charm but also for his extraordinarily pleasant manner. The latter got him out of several difficult situations, including persuading a Spanish customs official to let him travel home from a holiday without a valid ticket. He moved to Lincoln in 1985 to undertake vocational training in general practice, and it was here he met Carmel.

Always the adventurer, Tim decided to travel abroad. He and Carmel arrived in Hong Kong in 1989, just before the Tiananmen Square massacre. They settled in Discovery Bay, a small commuter town nestled below the mountains …
Evaluation of a System Using Oral Mucosal Transudate for HIV-1 Antibody Screening and Confirmatory Testing
Authors: Dana Gallo
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine accuracy of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody testing system using a device to collect and stabilize oral mucosal transudate (OMT), a fluid with increased levels of IgG; an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) screening test optimized for OMT; and a Western blot confirmatory test designed for use with OMT. <h3>Design.</h3> —The OMT specimens were tested by EIA and, if indicated, confirmatory Western blot according to a standard testing algorithm. The OMT results were compared with true HIV status as determined by serum testing and/or clinical diagnosis. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Specimens from 3570 subjects (2382 at low risk, 698 at high risk, 242 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], and 248 "nonspecificity" [persons with diseases associated with an increased frequency of false-positive results in HIV testing]) were collected at 11 geographically diverse sites (including blood banks, public health clinics, general medical clinics, HIV clinics, sexually transmitted disease clinics, and a hemophilia center) in the United States. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Overall accuracy of testing OMT for HIV-1 antibodies compared with true HIV-1 antibody status; sensitivity and specificity of OMT EIA and Western blot. <h3>Results.</h3> —Sensitivity of OMT EIA testing in 673 true-positive subjects was 99.9% (672/673). The OMT Western blot results in the 673 true-positive subjects were positive in 665 and indeterminate in 8. The EIA followed by Western blot (if EIA was repeatedly reactive) yielded a negative result in 99.9% (2893/2897) of OMT samples from true negatives and an indeterminate result in 4. The OMT testing system provided the correct result or would trigger appropriate follow-up testing in 3569 (&gt;99.9%) of 3570 cases. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —HIV-1 antibody testing of OMT samples is a highly accurate alternative to serum testing.
Activating transcription factor 3 regulates canonical TGFβ signalling in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Tatjana Mallano, Katrin Palumbo-Zerr, Pawel Zerr, Andreas Ramming, Barbara Zeller, Christian Beyer, Clara Dees, Jingang Huang, Tsonwin Hai, Oliver Distler, Georg Schett, Jörg H W Distler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

Background Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) family of transcription factors, regulates cellular response to stress including oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of ATF3 in fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods ATF3 was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. ATF3 knockout fibroblasts and mice were used to study the functional role of ATF3. Knockdown experiments, reporter assays and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to study the effects of ATF3 on Smad and activation protein 1 (AP-1) signalling. The role of c-Jun was analysed by costaining, specific inactivation and coimmunoprecipitation. Results Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) upregulates the expression of ATF3 in SSc fibroblasts. ATF3-deficient fibroblasts were less sensitive to TGFβ, whereas ectopic expression of ATF3 enhanced the profibrotic effects of TGFβ. Mechanistically, ATF3 interacts with Smad3 directly on stimulation with TGFβ and regulates Smad activity in a c-Jun-dependent manner. Knockout of ATF3 protected mice from bleomycin-induced fibrosis and fibrosis induced by overexpression of a constitutively active TGFβ receptor I. Reporter assays and analyses of the expression of Smad target genes demonstrated that binding of ATF3 regulates the transcriptional activity of Smad3. Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time a key role for ATF3 in fibrosis. Knockout of the ATF3 gene reduced the stimulatory effect of TGFβ on fibroblasts by interfering with canonical Smad signalling and protected the mice from experimental fibrosis in two different models. ATF3 might thus be a candidate for molecular targeted therapies for SSc.
Faecal peritonitis after laxative preparation for barium enema
Authors: R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1982)

better staffed welfare homes with trained nursing staff, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, social workers, and chiropodists, and with a regular visit from the GP, seem to be the answer.Further- more, the criteria for acceptability of patients for these welfare homes will need to be redefined.Certainly a significant number of chronic elderly invalids do not need to be greeted by a consultant geriatrician on the ward round, and in any case a hospital can never be a home; but the welfare home would be a home for its residents.
What is the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients presenting with hemodynamically stable sustained ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction?
Authors: Brian H. Sarter, John K. Finkle, Robert E. Gerszten, Alfred E. Buxton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. This study sought to determine the long-term risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with hemodynamically stable sustained ventricular tachycardia complicating coronary artery disease. Background. The prognosis and risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with a history of myocardial infarction and ventricular tachyarrhythmias have not been clearly defined. Prior studies are limited by a short follow-up period and by inclusion of patients with heterogeneous cardiac diseases and presenting arrhythmias. Methods. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on data from 124 patients, followed up for a mean of 36 ± 30 months, who received electrophysiologically guided therapy for hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia after remote myocardial infarction. Results. Seventy-eight patients were treated pharmacologically (medical group), and 46 patients underwent map-guided subendocardial resection (surgical group). Nine patients (7.3%) died suddenly, 5 (4.0%) died of noncardiac causes, 9 (7.3%) died of a perioperative complication, and 20 (23.4%) died of other cardiac causes. At 1, 2 and 3 years, sudden death occured at cumulative rates of 2 ± 1%, 3 ± 2% and 7 ± 3%, whereas total mortality was 20 ± 4%, 28 ± 4% and 32 ± 5% (mean ± SD). Sudden cardiac death (p = 0.047) and total mortality (p = 0.036) were higher in patients with multivessel disease and were similar for both treatment groups. Conclusions. Although the overall mortality in postinfarction patients presenting with hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia treated with electrophysiologically guided antiarrhythmic therapy is high, the risk of sudden death in these patients appears to be low (average 2.4%/year).
Endothelin Receptor Blockade Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Pulmonary Nitric Oxide Production
Authors: YOSHITAKA FUJII, SHELDON MAGDER, PETER CERNACEK, PETER GOLDBERG, YANG GUO, SABAH N. A. HUSSAIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Increased nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been shown to contribute to the development of acute lung injury and delayed hypotension in animals injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Recent evidence indicates that endothelin-1 (ET-1) is also elevated in septic humans and in animals. To assess the contribution of ETs to LPS-induced pulmonary NO production and iNOS expression, we used P1/fl, a 22 amino acid peptide, to selectively antagonize endothelin-A receptors. Anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats were injected with either saline or LPS (E. coli endotoxin, 20 mg/kg) and studied for 5 h. Two other groups of rats were pretreated 15 min earlier with P1/fl peptide (20 microg/kg). Unlike saline-treated rats, rats injected with LPS showed a progressive decline in arterial pressure and a significant rise in plasma ET concentration and serum nitrite-nitrate level. In the lungs, LPS injection elicited a several-fold rise in lung iNOS activity and exhaled NO concentration and increased lung wet/dry ratio significantly. Pretreatment with P1/fl peptide eliminated the decline in arterial pressure, the rise in lung wet/dry ratio, lung NOS activity, and iNOS protein expression and significantly attenuated the increase in pulmonary exhaled NO production but had no effect on plasma ET concentration. We conclude that activation of ET-A receptors by rising ET-1 concentration enhances NO production and iNOS expression in the respiratory and vascular systems and contributes to both LPS-induced hypotension and acute lung injury.
Myocarditis: a defect in central immune tolerance?
Authors: Todd C. Metzger, Mark S. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart, is a potentially devastating disease that can result from both viral infection and autoimmune attack of self antigens in the heart. In the current issue of the JCI, Lv and colleagues use a genetically susceptible mouse model to show that myocarditis is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease that occurs due to insufficient thymic negative selection of α-myosin-reactive T cells.
The College of Physicians of Philadelphia: A Bicentennial History
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A history of institutions, whether schools, hospitals, societies, or other organizations, should serve a dual function. It is not enough to describe events and individuals of local importance. The history should also open a window on the larger world, so that the reader can perceive the background, the events, and the problems within which the institution finds its significance. The distinguished historian Whitfield J. Bell, Jr, has written a superb example of such a presentation. His account of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia shows how a single institution reflects the events of the wider medical world. The College has completed its second century of existence. For the first 100 years or so Philadelphia was the medical center of the country, home of the leading physicians and, of course, of the first medical school. John Redmond, Benjamin Rush, Isaac Parrish, Samuel Jackson, William Gerhard, George Bacon Wood, Alfred Stillé, and
AN IMPROVED CLINICAL AND A MICROCHEMICAL TEST FOR BLOOD
Authors: WILLIAM A. GROAT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Small particles which look like blood or blood-tinged mucus are sometimes found in microscopic examinations of feces and similar substances, and in medicolegal examinations microscopically identified particles and dust like scrapings of minute volume require microchemical methods for fuller proof of hemic origin. The microchemical method to be described depends on an improved benzidin test for occult blood in feces and material of this kind, and this test will therefore be described first. Five c.c. of chemically pure glacial acetic acid is placed in each of two new or very clean 10 or 15 c.c. test-tubes and to each is added with a glass or horn spatula a knife-pointful of benzidin and an equal amount of barium dioxid. These should partly dissolve with mild effervescence, leaving a brown-straw or slightly greenish-straw supernatant fluid. If a green color develops the acid is likely contaminated with iron or the utensils are not
The American Journal of Case Reports
Authors: Lee Sataline
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the announcement of their new publication, the<i>American Journal of Case Reports</i>(<i>AJCR</i>) (1983;249:403), "editors" Dellinger, Savage, and Farrow failed to state the mailing address. IfThe Journalwould include the address in a future issue, I will immediately send the new publishers a collection of 13 of my greatest rejects along with my check for $26,000.
Age-Based Rationing and Women
Authors: Douglas S. Diekema
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Jecker<sup>1</sup>contends that any plan that restricts certain services to those under a certain age would be unfair because it would deny women more years of life than men. She fails to explain why a group of persons already blessed with a longer life span would be treated unfairly unless they also receive a greater number of healthy years of life. The claim that women are unfairly burdened by age-based rationing assumes that equality is served only if men and women receive equivalent health care benefits for the same proportion of their respective life spans. However, it could also be argued that equality is served when both men and women receive equivalent health care benefits for the same number of years (as would occur with age-based rationing). In fact, age-based rationing may be more fair. Since an unequal burden of occupational and environmental exposures may
TRIOXSALEN (TMP) BATH PUVA-AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TMP IN BATHWATER USING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF TMP IN THE BATH PREPARATION
Authors: Wainwright NJ, MacLeod TM, Ferguson J
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article TRIOXSALEN (TMP) BATH PUVA‐AN INVESTIGATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF TMP IN BATHWATER USING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF TMP IN THE BATH PREPARATION Get access Wainwright NJ, Wainwright NJ Photobiology Unit, Department of Dennatology, Nitiewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DDl 9SY, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MacLeod TM, MacLeod TM Photobiology Unit, Department of Dennatology, Nitiewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DDl 9SY, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ferguson J Ferguson J Photobiology Unit, Department of Dennatology, Nitiewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DDl 9SY, Scotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue s44, 1 July 1994, Page 56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb16150.x Published: 01 July 1994
The doctor, the patient, and their contract
Authors: P. Male
Journal: BMJ (1986)

referenced with a colleague or senior member of the nursing staff.Further evidence of incom- petence must be presented to senior colleagues.The options open to them will be explained by the personnel officer of the district and may include secondment to a more supervised post for the remainder of this man's contract.It is most important for the registrar to realise that he is not alone in this dilemma.Many of us have faced it and I have had to persuade both doctors and paramedical staff to reconsider their career plans in the light of such findings of incompetence.
The Effects of Social Prejudice on Hospitalized Adolescents
Authors: PAUL G. ROSSMAN, DEREK MILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors describe an outbreak of intragroup prejudice on an adolescent service. The disturbance is traced to patient anxiety over prejudice against the mentally ill, as exemplified in a national event, the withdrawal of Sen. Thomas Eagleton as a candidate for Vice-President. The role of social prejudice as a source of anxiety and disturbed behavior within a hospital setting is stressed.