tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaphylaxis by latex sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: A. Antico, M. Pagani, A. Crema
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Not many studies have reported clinical experiences on effectiveness and safety of sublingual (swallowed) immunotherapy (SLIT) in patients with allergic, IgE-mediated reactions to latex (1, 2). In the studies quoted the scheduled SLIT (Table 1) includes a starting rush phase in 4 days, reaching the dose of 25 drops of the highest concentration. The same scheme is used in our allergy section, as proposed by the producer. The latex extract we employ (Alk-Abello', Milan, Italy) is an ammoniacal extract quite similar to the one used in manufacturing latex gloves and other articles. So, it contains the major allergen Hev b 5, which is not found in the natural extract. The extract is standardized in w/v and, at his highest concentration, it contains 500 μg of proteins per millilitre. The present communication concerns a 36-year-old woman with latex allergy, affected by urticaria and asthma challenged by the handling or the exposition to latex articles and treated with SLIT. About 20 min after the maximum scheduled dose, the patient showed cutaneous rash and spreading urticaria followed at once by an asthma attack and a serious condition of anaphylactic shock with required treatment in emergency room. The reported case suggests the following remarks. Evidence based studies demonstrate that subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is effective for the treatment of allergic respiratory diseases. However systemic reactions, sometimes severe can occur during SIT including occasional fatalities. For these reasons new vaccine with modified-allergens (s.c. allergoides) and a number of alternative methods of immunotherapy have been tried. Among the latter, SLIT proved effective and safe without the risk of severe systemic reactions observed with SIT (3). The high safety of the method allowed home administration. An analysis of published studies yielded the surprising result that SLIT with high doses is safer than SLIT with lower usual doses (4). In other words, it seems there is no correlation between doses increase and increased risk of adverse reactions. For this reason most allergists deem that rush SLIT can be practised without hazards, leading within days to a reduction of symptoms (5). These statements can be regarded as true in almost all cases, but exceptions to the rule exist. Uncommon cases of systemic reactions, sometime severe, have been observed during SLIT (6). The case here reported confirms that rare possibility. It is possible that, because of its excellent tolerability, benefits from rush SLIT largely overcome possible risks. The case we report is an anecdotic one. As for latex allergy, in spite of the previously quoted studies and waiting for the results of the other ones, we should consider that the rush phase of SLIT to latex is loaded a priori, as the rush SIT is, by higher risk of adverse events. In our opinion rush phase of SLIT to latex should always be performed in protected setting, where emergency treatment and intensive care room access must be available.
Micro<scp>RNA</scp>‐23b promotes tolerogenic properties of dendritic cells <i>in vitro</i> through inhibiting <scp>N</scp>otch1/<scp>NF</scp>‐κ<scp>B</scp> signalling pathways
Authors: J. Zheng, H.‐Y. Jiang, J. Li, H.‐C. Tang, X.‐M. Zhang, X.‐R. Wang, J.‐T. Du, H.‐B. Li, G. Xu
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background: Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are known to regulate the inflammatory response in various cell types. However, the ability of mi RNA s to modulate dendritic cells ( DC s) function for allergen immunotherapy is unclear. Objective: To assess the role of miR‐23b in the regulation of ovalbumin ( OVA )‐induced DC differentiation and function and to investigate the related molecular mechanisms. Methods: Bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells ( BMDC s) were generated from murine bone marrow progenitor cells and subsequently stimulated with OVA to examine the profile of mi RNA expression. After transfection with miR‐23b reagents, DC s were evaluated for endocytic ability, surface marker expression, cytokine secretion and CD 4+ T ‐cell differentiation. The possible roles of the N otch and NF ‐κ B signalling pathways were also evaluated. Human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells ( MDDC s) were similarly evaluated as well. Results: Significant upregulation of miR‐23b was observed in BMDC s pulsed with OVA . Following miR‐23b transfection, BMDC s showed decreased OVA uptake, increased IL ‐10 production, decreased IL ‐12 production and an enhanced capacity to promote F oxP3+ CD 4+ T regulatory cells ( T regs) differentiation. In addition, inactivation of the N otch1 and NF ‐κ B signalling pathways were observed. Conversely, inhibition of miR‐23b in BMDC s resulted in the opposite effects. In human MDDC s, mi RNA 23b transfection similarly increased IL ‐10 and decreased IL ‐12 production, and that treated human MDDC s induced increased F oxP3+ CD 4+ T cells. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that miR‐23b is capable of inducing tolerogenic DC activity and T reg responses in vitro through the inhibition of the N otch1 and NF ‐κ B signalling pathways; thus, miR‐23b might represent a therapeutic target for the management of allergic diseases.
Immunopathology. Hypersensitivity or tolerance?
Authors: T. J. Gill
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A REQUEST by the American Board of Pathology to develop special competence certification in immunopathology was not acted on favorably by the Committee on Certification and Recertification of the American Board of Medical Specialties. The committee gave as its reason for this action that in their opinion, immunopathology was not a truly developing field of fundamental knowledge. They also stated that they thought that the field was too techniqueoriented. Furthermore, they indicated that they did not favor further proliferation of the special competence certificates of any kind. It is our purpose to emphasize the investment that pathology, as a scientific discipline, has made in immunopathology and the contributions that it has made to modern basic immunologic knowledge. It also includes results from two recent surveys that indicate the scope of developments in this field at present and thus the timeliness of the special competence recognition. The surveys indicate that there
Derek Herbert Clarke
Authors: Julian Clarke
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant ophthalmologist Gibraltar (b Sittingbourne, Kent, 1926; q Middlesex Hospital, London, 1949), died from a brain haemorrhage on 1 October 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After national service in Holland Derek went into general practice in Sunbury and later Norbury, London. He then trained in ophthalmology and in 1977 went to Gibraltar as consultant ophthalmologist to both the civilian and military population. On returning to the United Kingdom he worked for the Royal Air Force at Biggin Hill, Kent. He had a lifelong love of music and was an accomplished violin and viola player, belonging to several orchestras and playing chamber music at home. After retirement he took up violin restoration and later violin making. He leaves his second wife, Audrey; two children from his first marriage; and five grandchildren.
BMA annual meeting: Representatives vote to spread the word about the benefits of shunning fossil fuels
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The BMA will push to ensure that the benefits of reducing greenhouse gases are widely understood and incorporated into health and economic policies around the world, after a motion was passed at this week’s annual representative meeting.

Doctors at the meeting in Harrogate passed a motion that recognised the Lancet Commission’s description of climate change as “the greatest threat to human health of the 21st century.”1 The motion—carried with a large majority—urged the BMA to “facilitate the widest possible alliance of healthcare bodies to ensure that the co-benefits …
Cost effectiveness of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in the management of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients who are referred for cardiac transplantation
Authors: Tao H. Duong, Gregg Fonarow, Hillei Laks, Pooneh Hendi, Johannes Czemin, Michael Phelps, Heinrich Schelbert, Jamshid Maddahi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Long-term efficacy and safety of cyclosporin in severe adult atopic dermatitis
Authors: J. BERTH-JONES, R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN, R. MARKS, R.D.R. CAMP, J.S.C. ENGLISH, K. FREEMAN, C.A. HOLDEN, S.C.F. ROGERS, S. OLIWIECKI, P.S. FRIEDMANN, M.S. LEWIS-JONES, C.B. ARCHER, B. ADRIAANS, W.S. DOUGLAS, B.R. ALLEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A prospective, open, multicentre study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with cyclosporin in adults with severe atopic dermatitis. Subjects were treated for a maximum of 48 weeks. For the first 8 weeks, cyclosporin was administered at 2.5 mg/kg per day. The dose was then adjusted according to response. Disease activity was monitored using the six-area, six-sign score and the proportion of skin involved. Pruritus and sleep disturbance were assessed using four-point scales. Response was further evaluated on a five-point scale. Adverse events, blood pressure and serum biochemistry were monitored. Tolerability was assessed on a five-point scale. One hundred subjects were enrolled and 65 completed 48 weeks of treatment. Withdrawals occurred due to remission (three), inadequate response (seven), protocol violations (11) and adverse events (14, of which seven were probably treatment related). Cyclosporin produced rapid and highly significant improvements in all indices of disease activity. Sixty-five subjects considered that they had shown a considerable improvement or complete clearance of disease. Most patients relapsed after cessation of treatment, but neither signs nor symptoms had returned to baseline severity 8 weeks later. Blood pressure and serum creatinine levels increased slightly, and in one subject renal impairment was a major factor contributing to withdrawal of the drug. Overall, 85 subjects rated the tolerability of cyclosporin as good or very good. The results indicate that cyclosporin has a place in the long-term treatment of severe atopic dermatitis provided that appropriate patients are selected and careful monitoring is performed.
Lead and Child Development
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Childhood Obesity and Metabolic Imprinting
Authors: Teresa A. Hillier, Kathryn L. Pedula, Mark M. Schmidt, Judith A. Mullen, Marie-Aline Charles, David J. Pettitt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The purpose of this study was to determine how the range of measured maternal glycemia in pregnancy relates to risk of obesity in childhood.Universal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening (a 50-g glucose challenge test [GCT]) was performed in two regions (Northwest and Hawaii) of a large diverse HMO during 1995-2000, and GDM was diagnosed/treated using a 3-h 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria. Measured weight in offspring (n = 9,439) was ascertained 5-7 years later to calculate sex-specific weight-for-age percentiles using U.S. norms (1963-1994 standard) and then classified by maternal positive GCT (1 h >or= 7.8 mmol/l) and OGTT results (1 or >or=2 of the 4 time points abnormal: fasting, 1 h, 2 h, or 3 h by Carpenter and Coustan and NDDG criteria).There was a positive trend for increasing childhood obesity at age 5-7 years (P < 0.0001; 85th and 95th percentiles) across the range of increasing maternal glucose screen values, which remained after adjustment for potential confounders including maternal weight gain, maternal age, parity, ethnicity, and birth weight. The risk of childhood obesity in offspring of mothers with GDM by NDDG criteria (treated) was attenuated compared with the risks for the groups with lesser degrees of hyperglycemia (untreated). The relationships were similar among Caucasians and non-Caucasians. Stratification by birth weight also revealed these effects in children of normal birth weight (<or=4,000 g).Our results in a multiethnic U.S. population suggest that increasing hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. More research is needed to determine whether treatment of GDM may be a modifiable risk factor for childhood obesity.
A comparison of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium antagonists, beta-blockers and diuretic agents on reactive hyperemia in patients with essential hypertension: a multicenter study
Authors: Yukihito Higashi, Shota Sasaki, Keigo Nakagawa, Tomohiro Ueda, Atsunori Yoshimizu, Satoshi Kurisu, Hideo Matsuura, Goro Kajiyama, Tetsuya Oshima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Lumbar punctures could be used to diagnose Alzheimers disease
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Alzheimer's disease can be fairly accurately diagnosed through measurement of concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of two proteins associated with the illness, a new primary study and a meta-analysis of 51 other studies has found ( JAMA 2003;289:2094-103).

Although Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, definitive diagnosis relies on neuropathological analysis of the brain at postmortem.

Currently the diagnosis is based on excluding other possibilities and is clinically assumed. Alzheimer's disease can be confused with a number of other dementias, such as Lewy body disease and Pick's disease.

Testing of the cerebrospinal fluid may allow doctors to diagnose the illness earlier and to forestall cognitive decline by beginning treatment sooner.

Researchers led by Dr Trey Sunderland of the National Institute for Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, measured the concentrations of two types of protein, β amyloid protein …
The Sewage Question in Glasgow
Authors: J. B. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1888)

But, failing this, they direct me, on their behalf, to suggest to the sanitary authorities of other protected towns in this neigh- bourhood that an arrangement should be previously adopted by which, to some extent, the object alluded to may be attained.I shIall, therefore, be happy to forward you, at the termination of each successive week, a list of the cases of infectious disease re- ported to me under the Notification Act, and shall be obliged if you will kindly favour me with similar weekly information respectiug your own district.I have the pleasure of forwarding you herewith my return for last week,
Sex Differences in Mortality After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Viola Vaccarino, Harlan M. Krumholz, Lisa F. Berkman, Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

A number of studies have indicated that women who have a myocardial infarction have higher mortality rates than men. The purpose of the present study was to review the literature on sex differences in mortality after myocardial infarction to determine whether female sex is independently associated with lower survival.Reports were identified mainly through a MEDLINE search of the English-language literature from January 1966 through June 1994. Studies included were those comparing mortality after myocardial infarction between men and women, controlling at least for age and with more than 30 outcome events. After duplicate patient series were eliminated, 27 reports were included in our review. Crude rates were higher in women than in men during the early phase (in-hospital or first month), but control for age alone or in combination with other factors reduced sex differences in almost all studies. Unadjusted mortality rates among the survivors of the early phase were similar for men and women in most studies, and control for age and other factors resulted in an increased survival rate in women compared with men in several investigations, particularly those with a follow-up of > 1 year.Much of the increased early mortality after myocardial infarction in women is explained by the older age and more unfavorable risk characteristics of the women. In the long run, when differences in age and other risk factors are controlled for, women tend to have an improved survival compared with men.
Public Health Meets the Streets
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Neointima of Vein Grafts
Authors: Petteri Kauhanen, Vappu Sirén, Olli Carpén, Antti Vaheri, Mauri Lepäntalo, Riitta Lassila
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation is an underlying pathogenetic mechanism for neointimal hyperplasia and consequent vein graft failure. This study characterizes the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (UPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in hyperplastic vein grafts and normal venous tissue. Methods and Results Failing graft and control vein specimens from 14 donors were homogenized, and TPA and PAI-1 were quantified with ELISA. The amount of PAI-1 was seven times higher (4.2±2.1 versus 0.6±0.6 ng/mg protein, P &lt;.005), but the TPA antigen content was markedly lower (3.1±2.1 versus 8.1±3.7 ng/mg protein, P &lt;.005) in the stenosed grafts compared with the control veins. Strong immunohistochemical PAI-1 reactivity and in situ hybridization signals for PAI-1 and UPA mRNA were associated with the smooth muscle cells of the thickened intima of the grafts. Functional assays of the graft specimens showed an increased UPA/TPA ratio and a decreased total fibrinolytic activity in comparison with normal veins. Conclusions Upregulation of PAI-1 mRNA expression and markedly increased amounts of PAI-1 antigen were detected in the vein grafts after the development of neointima. Furthermore, augmented UPA activity was found in the graft wall, but TPA was clearly depleted. Altogether, our findings imply decreased fibrinolytic potential in the stenosed graft, which may contribute to the graft occlusion.
Longitudinal study on the relationship between cat allergen and endotoxin exposure, sensitization, cat‐specific IgG and development of asthma in childhood – report of the German Multicentre Allergy Study (MAS 90)
Authors: S. Lau, S. Illi, T. A. E. Platts‐Mills, D. Riposo, R. Nickel, C. Grüber, B. Niggemann, U. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Controversial data have emerged regarding the question whether cat exposure in childhood favours or decreases the risk of sensitization and allergic airway disease. In a prospective birth-cohort study, we assessed the association between longitudinal cat allergen exposure, sensitization (immunoglobulin E, IgE), IgG antibody (ab) levels to cat and the development of asthma in children up to the age of 10 years.Of 1314 newborn infants enrolled in five German cities in 1990, follow-up data at age 10 years were available for 750 children. Assessments included yearly measurements of specific serum IgE to cat and at age 6 and 18 months, 3, 4 and 10 years measurement of cat allergen Fel d 1 in house dust samples. Additionally, Fel d 1-specific IgG ab were determined in 378 serum samples of 207 children. Endotoxin exposure in mattress dust was measured in a subgroup of 153 children at age 10 years. From age 4 years on, International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires were completed yearly in order to assess the prevalence of wheeze and asthma.Serum IgG-levels to cat showed a large variation, however, intraindividually values showed rather constant concentration over a longer time period. The IgG levels at school-age correlated with cat allergen exposure during the first 2 years of life. Specific IgE to cat was clearly associated with wheeze ever, current wheeze and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), this was also observed for children with specific IgE ab to cat (>0.35 kU/l) plus IgG levels above 125 U/ml. A large percentage of very highly exposed children showed high IgG but no IgE responses to cat, however, not all highly exposed children were found to be protected from sensitization. Children with IgG but without IgE ab to cat showed the lowest prevalence of wheeze ever and current wheeze despite high cat allergen exposure, however, this trend did not achieve significance. While homes of cat owners showed higher Fel d 1 concentrations than homes without cats, homes of cat owners were not found to have higher endotoxin levels in carpet dust samples than homes without cats.We could confirm that high cat allergen exposure in a cohort with lower community prevalence of cats is associated with higher serum IgG and IgE levels to cat in schoolchildren. Sensitization to cat allergen (IgE) is a risk factor for childhood asthma. While exposure to cat allergen during infancy is associated with sensitization (IgE), only in the very highly exposed children the likelihood of sensitization (IgE) is decreased and high IgG levels to cat without IgE were associated with low risk of wheeze. However, cat-specific IgG ab levels did not protect children with IgE-mediated sensitization from wheeze.