tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for Vitamin C Intake
Authors: Carol S. Johnston
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholesterol Screening in Young Adults-Reply
Authors: Wayne H. Giles
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —Young men and premenopausal women are at lower short-term risk for developing CHD than are older persons or those with multiple risk factors. However, the potential difference in long-term benefits from lowering and maintaining lower cholesterol levels in young adulthood vs middle adulthood is essentially unknown. Furthermore, young persons who have elevated cholesterol levels have a greater risk for developing CHD than do those with lower cholesterol levels. 1   Cholesterol screening in young adults may result in healthier lifestyle behaviors, including more healthful diets (decreased fat and increased fruit and vegetable intake), smoking cessation, weight reduction, and increased physical activity. In addition to reducing cholesterol level, these lifestyle changes are associated with many other health benefits.  Concerning the cost efficacy of cholesterol reduction, the estimate of $1 million per year of life saved is based on the extrapolation of data from older persons and treating men aged 25
Connotations of 'Breath'
Authors: Hiroshi Kawane
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enjoyed reading the COMMENTARY "Of Breath and Spirits" by Gravenstein et al (1981;246:1091). In Japan we use not only Japanese characters (<i>hirakana and katakana</i>) but also Chinese characters (<i>kanji</i>). A Chinese character pronounced as<i>ki</i>, or<i>ke</i>in Japanese means "vapor," "air," "breath," or "primal aura," which is the essence of life as shown in the article. In Japanese,<i>iki</i>means "breath" or "alive";<i>iki o suru</i>is "to breathe" and<i>ikiru</i>is "to live." "Animal" is<i>iki-mono</i>(living thing), which seems to come from<i>iki-suru-mono</i>(breathing thing). The main difference from English might be concerning "death." When somebody has breathed his last breath, we say that he "has received his breath" or "taken in his breath" (<i>iki o hikitoru</i>means "to die") instead of saying he "let out his breath." But we can also say<i>iki ga taeru</i>("the breath ceases"), which sometimes means "to
Modulation of Survival Signaling Pathways and Persistence of the Genotoxic Stress as a Basis for the Synergistic Interaction between the Atypical Retinoid ST1926 and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor ZD1839
Authors: Chiara Zanchi, Valentina Zuco, Cinzia Lanzi, Rosanna Supino, Franco Zunino
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Strategies targeting apoptotic pathways may have relevance to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy. Because synthetic atypical retinoids are potent inducers of apoptosis, there is an increasing interest in exploiting their potential in novel therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we have investigated the cellular effects of the combination of a novel atypical retinoid, ST1926, and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor ZD1839. The results indicated a synergistic interaction between the two drugs associated with a dramatic enhancement of apoptotic response, up-regulation of the cell death receptor DR5, and caspase 8 activation. Other molecular events induced by the cotreatment included (a) a stabilization of the ST1926-induced genotoxic stress detected by formation of phosphorylated γ-H2AX foci and (b) a complete inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation associated with activation of the proapoptotic protein BAD (i.e., inhibition of phosphorylation on Ser112). In addition, ZD1839 itself inhibited survival pathways by causing a partial dephosphorylation of Akt and a marked down-regulation of survivin. The role of ERK-mediated survival pathways in the cellular response to the drug combination was further supported by the counteracting effect of stimulation of survival pathways by an alternative receptor tyrosine kinase and by the use of a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway. In conclusion, the results support that the survival pathways activated by epidermal growth factor receptor are determinants of the cell susceptibility to ST1926-induced apoptosis and lowering survival signals may increase the cellular sensitivity to the atypical retinoid. The favorable pharmacologic profiles of both ST1926 and ZD1839 suggest that the combination of these well-tolerated agents may have therapeutic potential.
How many light adaptation mechanisms are there?
Authors: M. Deric Bownds, Vadim Y. Arshavsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The generally positive response to our target article indicates that most of the commentators accept our contention that light adaptation consists of multiple and possibly redundant mechanisms. The commentaries fall into three general categories. The first deals with putative mechanisms that we chose not to emphasize. The second is a more extended discussion of the role of calcium in adaptation. Finally, additional aspects of cGMP involvement in adaptation are considered. We discuss each of these points in turn.
A heartfelt response: new thyroid hormone–sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus
Authors: Douglas Forrest, Jürgen Wess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Thyroid hormone is a well-known regulator of metabolic and cardiovascular functions, and signaling through thyroid receptors has differential effects on cells depending on the receptor isoform that they express. In this issue of the JCI, Mittag et al. provide evidence that thyroid hormone receptors are essential for the formation of a population of parvalbuminergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamus, linking, for the first time, impaired thyroid hormone signaling during development to cellular deficits in the hypothalamus. Since this newly discovered cell group is predicted to play a role in regulating cardiovascular function, these findings suggest that developmental hypothyroidism may be the cause of cardiovascular disorders later in life.
Deleterious Effect of Coronary Brachytherapy on Vasomotor Response to Exercise
Authors: Mario Togni, Stephan Windecker, Peter Wenaweser, David Tueller, Abudukadier Kaisaier, Willibald Maier, Bernhard Meier, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Intracoronary radiotherapy (brachytherapy) has been proposed as treatment option for in-stent restenosis. Long-term results of brachytherapy with regard to vascular integrity and vasomotor responsiveness are unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the vasomotor response after brachytherapy and to assess its influence on vasomotion during exercise.Biplane quantitative coronary angiography was performed at rest and during bicycle exercise in 27 patients with coronary artery disease. Fourteen patients underwent coronary stenting and were studied 10+/-3 months after intervention (control group). Thirteen patients were treated with brachytherapy (Guidant Galileo System) for in-stent restenosis with a mean dosis of 20 Gy at 1 mm into the vessel wall and were studied 9+/-1 months after radiation (brachytherapy group). Minimal luminal area, stent area, and proximal, distal, and a reference vessel area were determined. The reference vessel showed exercise-induced vasodilation (26+/-4%, P<0.001) in both groups. Vasomotion within the stented vessel segments was abolished. In control subjects, the proximal and distal segments showed exercise-induced vasodilation (17+/-2% and 22+/-7%, respectively; P<0.005). In contrast, there was exercise-induced vasoconstriction in the proximal and distal vessel segments of the brachytherapy group (-14+/-3% and -16+/-4%, respectively; P<0.01). Sublingual nitroglycerin was associated with maximal vasodilation of the proximal and distal vessel segments in both groups.Normal vessel segments elicit flow-mediated vasodilation during exercise. Stent implantation does not affect physiological response to exercise proximal and distal to the stent. Brachytherapy eliminates exercise-induced vasodilation, although dilatory response to nitroglycerin is maintained, suggesting endothelial dysfunction as the underlying mechanism.
Signals through gp130 upregulate bcl-x gene expression via STAT1-binding cis-element in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: Y Fujio, K Kunisada, H Hirota, K Yamauchi-Takihara, T Kishimoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We described recently the activation of the Janus kinasesignal transducer and activator of transcription (JakSTAT) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) through gp130, a signal transducer of IL-6-related cytokines, that transduces hypertrophic signals in cardiac myocytes. In addition, stimulation of gp130 by IL-6-related cytokines is known to exert a cytoprotective effect. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that activation of gp130 initiates activation of the cytoprotective genes in cardiac myocytes. Incubation of cardiac myocytes with LIF induced the expression of bcl-x, and the isoform that was induced by LIF was identified as bcl-xL. Induction of bcl-xL protein was also identified by Western blotting. Antisense oligonucleotide against bcl-x mRNA inhibited protective effect of LIF accompanied with the reduction in bclxL protein. We constructed bcl-x promoter-luciferase reporter gene plasmids (-639/+10- or -161/+10-luciferase), and transfected them to cardiac myocytes. LIF stimulation increased the luciferase activity of -639/+10-luciferase plasmids. Although -161/+10-luciferase plasmids presented comparable responsiveness to LIF, the basal transcription level was impaired. The LIF-responsive cis-element was localized to a DNA fragment (positions -161 to +10) that contains an interferon-gamma activation site (GAS) motif (GGA) at position -41 of the bcl-x gene promoter. This motif bound to STAT1, not to STAT3, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that this motif was essential for LIF-responsive promoter activity. These data suggest that LIF induces bcl-x mRNA via STAT1 binding cis-element in cardiac myocytes, presenting cytoprotective effect.
Malnutrition spreads in Argentina, once the "breadbasket" of the world
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2002)

As economically damaged Argentina frantically negotiates for foreign aid, reports have emerged that malnourished children are dying in the country's poverty stricken northern provinces.

Ten chronically malnourished children have reportedly died in the northern province of Tucuman in recent weeks, and officials say 49 have died in Misiones province, on the border with Brazil.

The deaths are the tip of an iceberg, nutrition experts warn. Malnutrition now affects over two million Argentine children, according to the Buenos Aires Centre for Studies on Infant Nutrition.

Argentina, which in the early 1990s was among the world's 10 richest countries, is floundering through its worst economic crisis in history after defaulting …
The NHS--A Kaleidoscope of Care--Conflicts of Service and Business Values
Authors: C. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Tony Kember, Gordon Macpherson Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, pounds sterling 25, pp 364 ISBN 0-900574-87-9

The government is standing by its changes in the NHS. The prime minister, interviewed in Essex on 4 April 1994, insisted: “At the last election we promised that we would continue with the health reforms. We are doing that and they are proving successful.” Tony Kember and Gordon Macpherson, the authors of The NHS--a Kaleidoscope of Care, are not so confident. They concede that the reforms “have brought some successes and potential successes, such as medical audit, the purchaser-provider split, improved information systems and greater efficiency.” The sceptic will retort that thisis a pitifully short catalogue of benefits, purchased at unwarrantable cost, and that most of the acknowledged benefits are the cumulative result of policies …
Papulonecrotic tuberculide in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive patient
Authors: M. Alsina, P. Campo, A. Toll, E. Martinez, J. Palou, C. Herrero
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Papulonecrotic tuberculide in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1‐seropositive patient Get access M. Alsina, M. Alsina Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, C/Casonova 143, 08036 Barcelona, SpainE‐mail: jmascaro@medicina.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Campo, P. Campo Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, C/Casonova 143, 08036 Barcelona, SpainE‐mail: jmascaro@medicina.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Toll, A. Toll Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, C/Casonova 143, 08036 Barcelona, SpainE‐mail: jmascaro@medicina.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Martinez, E. Martinez Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, C/Casonova 143, 08036 Barcelona, SpainE‐mail: jmascaro@medicina.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Palou, J. Palou Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, C/Casonova 143, 08036 Barcelona, SpainE‐mail: jmascaro@medicina.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Herrero C. Herrero Departments of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, C/Casonova 143, 08036 Barcelona, SpainE‐mail: jmascaro@medicina.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 1, 1 July 2000, Pages 232–233, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03644.x Published: 01 July 2000
Nitric oxide mediates interleukin-1-induced cellular cytotoxicity in the rat ovary. A potential role for nitric oxide in the ovulatory process.
Authors: C Ellman, J A Corbett, T P Misko, M McDaniel, K P Beckerman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Treatment of primary cultures of rat ovarian dispersates with IL-1 beta results in morphologic and cytotoxic changes, thought to reflect tissue remodeling events associated with ovulation. We examined the role that the free radical nitric oxide plays in this process and report that IL-1 beta induces expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in ovarian cells as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation. We show that IL-1 beta treatment results in the formation of nitric oxide (as measured by accumulation of nitrite and cGMP) in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner that is prevented by aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Aminoguanidine also inhibits IL-1-induced ovarian cellular cytotoxicity. These results suggest that nitric oxide is an important mediator of cell death and may act as a physiologically significant mediator of tissue remodeling events that occur in vivo during the ovulatory process.
Characterisation of a new group of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in Switzerland with altered antimicrobial susceptibilities, 1996 to 2013
Authors: F C Origgi, J Frey, P Pilo
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Molecular analysis of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from humans and animals revealed the presence of two subgroups belonging to the phylogenetic groups B.FTNF002-00 and B.13 in Switzerland. This finding suggests a broader spread of this group in Europe than previously reported. Until recently, only strains belonging to the Western European cluster (group B.FTNF002-00) had been isolated from tularaemia cases in Switzerland. The endemic strains belonging to group B.FTNF002-00 are sensitive to erythromycin, in contrast to the strains of the newly detected group B.13 that are resistant to this antibiotic. All the strains tested were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol but showed reduced susceptibility to tetracycline when tested in a growth medium supplemented with divalent cations. The data show a previously undetected spread of group B.13 westwards in Europe, associated with changes in the antibiotic resistance profile relevant to treatment of tularaemia.
Long term outcome of liver transplantation for viral hepatitis: is there a need to re-evaluate patient selection?
Authors: D MUTIMER
Journal: Gut (1999)

Until recently, a transplant unit’s success was measured by its one year recipient survival figure. Early results were poor, but transplantation has evolved during the 1980s and 1990s into a routine treatment for which one year recipient survival approaches 90%. Developments responsible for improved recipient outcome include the refinement of patient selection criteria, advances in surgery, anaesthesia and intensive care, and refinement of immunosuppressive protocols. As the results of transplantation improved, indications for transplantation expanded and contraindications were relaxed. The inevitable consequence of success has been a consistent expansion of the recipient population. Unfortunate for the potential recipient, however, has been the failure of the organ donor pool to expand at the same rate. Of course, the relative shortage of suitable organ donors need not affect the results of transplantation, but is reflected by a growing number of waiting list deaths. Though the outcome of transplanted patients still provides one important measure of a unit’s performance, it is now appropriate that the focus shifts to an examination of the fate of all potential transplant recipients. Reflecting this change of focus, the allocation of donor organs should inevitably shift towards recipients (and liver diseases) for whom superior patient and graft outcome are predicted. Thus, graft longevity assumes increasing importance as graft loss and the need for regrafting aggravate waiting list pressure. Appropriate rationing of all resources, including the donor organ, must ensure maximum benefit for the greatest number of patients. In forthcoming years, and reflecting all constraints, it may become unacceptable to nominate high risk or high cost recipients. For many transplant programmes, these constraints are a reality, and already are reflected in waiting list management.

Thus, for each liver disease, the long term outcome of transplantation must be examined. Can transplantation be undertaken with good prospects for patient and graft …
P674 SERUM LEVELS OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN PREDICT LONG-TERM TRAJECTORIES OF HEPATITIS B VIRAL LOAD
Authors: J. Liu, H.-I. Yang, C.-F. Chen, M.-H. Lee, R. Batrla-Utermann, C.-L. Jen, S.-N. Lu, L.-Y. Wang, S.-L. You, C.-J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Environmental factors and asthma and allergy in schoolchildren from Western Australia
Authors: LJ Palmer, IJ Valinsky, T Pikora, SR Zubrick, LI Landau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The association of environmental factors with atopic disease in children remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-environmental factors and symptoms of asthma and atopy in 6-7-yr-old children assessed as an adjunct to Phase I of the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood in Perth, Western Australia. Parental questionnaire responses were obtained for 2,193 children (73.6%) in 34 randomly selected primary schools in the Perth metropolitan area. Children born in Australia had a significantly increased risk of current asthma (odds ratio (OR) 237, p = 0.001). Having a mother born in Australia was the only factor independently associated with an increased risk of current hay fever (OR 1.56, p = 0.005). Increasing numbers of people living in the home were significantly associated with a multiplicative decrease in risk of current asthma (OR 0.88, p = 0.03) and eczema (OR 0.82, p = 0.01). Houses made of fibrocement (OR 2.40, p = 0.02) and the presence of mats on less than half of the floor area in the "main bedroom" (relative to wall-to-wall carpet) (OR 3.50, p = 0.003) were associated with an increased risk of current eczema. All reported associations were independent of socioeconomic status (categorized by school), age and sex. This study suggests that household and country-specific environmental factors are associated with asthma, hay fever and eczema risk in 6-7-yr-old schoolchildren, and may have substantially contributed to the increased prevalence of these diseases in Australia.
Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis with impulse elastography: Comparison of Supersonic Shear Imaging with ARFI and FibroScan®
Authors: Christophe Cassinotto, Bruno Lapuyade, Amaury Mouries, Jean-Baptiste Hiriart, Julien Vergniol, Delphine Gaye, Claire Castain, Brigitte Le Bail, Faiza Chermak, Juliette Foucher, François Laurent, Michel Montaudon, Victor De Ledinghen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A STUDY OF THE MACROPHAGE REACTION IN THE PULMONARY LESIONS OF DOGS WITH EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCUS LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: O. H. Robertson, Clayton G. Loosli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

A study has been made of the occurrence of the macrophage reaction in the pulmonary lesions of dogs sacrificed during the course of experimentally induced pneumococcus lobar pneumonia or dying as a result of the infection. This characteristic transformation of the fixed tissue cells of the lung was found as a constant accompaniment of recovery. It was also present in varying degrees in the great majority of fatal instances provided the animal lived more than 40 hours. In general the longer the animal survived, the more pronounced the macrophage reaction observed in the lung lesions at autopsy. The numbers of pneumococci in the lesions diminished progressively with the evolution of the cellular change which terminated in resolution of the pneumonic exudate. Some dogs surviving for 4 days or more showed practically complete clearing of the pulmonary lesions but succumbed with an overwhelming bacteremia or empyema or both. On the other hand, several animals dying with a sterile blood, exhibited lesions characterized by little or no macrophage response and the presence of many pneumococci. These findings suggest that recovery from experimental lobar pneumonia in the dog depends on a dual mechanism consisting of a generalized process which prevents or controls invasion of the blood stream and a local one by which the lesion is finally freed from the invading microorganisms. The nature of these two processes is discussed.