tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors need to take the lead on poverty's effects on health
Authors: D. Taylor-Robinson, D. Harrison, M. Whitehead, B. Barr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Data suggest hard times ahead, especially for increasing numbers of children

For the first time in more than 17 years, child poverty in the United Kingdom increased in absolute terms in 2011-12.1 This follows a long term reduction in child poverty from among the highest rates in Europe. These were hard won gains resulting from policies to improve the life chances of children in the UK. Now we see worrying signs that these achievements are being undone.

Poverty leading to inadequate nutrition is one of the oldest and most serious global health problems. Although it is assumed not to be a serious issue in rich countries such as the UK, we have highlighted a nearly twofold increase in hospital admissions linked to malnutrition in England—from 3000 cases in 2008-9 to 5500 in 2012-13.2 People’s food purchasing behaviours have changed since the recession. The poorest households have reduced their consumption of fresh fruit, vegetables, and fish, with evidence of substitution by unhealthier foods, especially in families with young children.2 3 More children are turning up to school hungry in the UK, with …
Myc-induced SUMOylation is a therapeutic vulnerability for B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Alexander Hoellein, Mohammad Fallahi, Stephanie Schoeffmann, Sabine Steidle, Franz X. Schaub, Martina Rudelius, Iina Laitinen, Lisa Nilsson, Andrei Goga, Christian Peschel, Jonas A. Nilsson, John L. Cleveland, Ulrich Keller
Journal: Blood (2014)
Megakaryocyte-restricted MYH9 inactivation dramatically affects hemostasis while preserving platelet aggregation and secretion
Authors: Catherine Léon, Anita Eckly, Béatrice Hechler, Boris Aleil, Monique Freund, Catherine Ravanat, Marie Jourdain, Christelle Nonne, Josiane Weber, Ralph Tiedt, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Sonia Severin, Jean-Pierre Cazenave, François Lanza, Radek Skoda, Christian Gachet
Journal: Blood (2007)
Cardiopulmonary Bypass with Large Volume Nonblood Perfusate
Authors: WILLIAM E. NEVILLE, LEON SCICCHITANO, HAYWARD MABEN, FEDOR BANUCHI, HOWARD PEACOCK
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Experimental and clinical data have been presented which support the efficacy of using a large-volume nonblood perfusate for cardiopulmonary bypass. Dogs have consistently survived hemodilution of 100 to 120 ml/kg body wt when manifest hypoxic acidosis has been ameliorated with THAM (tris [hydroxymethyl] aminomethane) or sodium bicarbonate. Fifty-eight patients have undergone total bypass with the disc oxygenator totally primed with 2,500 to 3,000 ml of buffered Ringer's or Ringer's lactate solution. Normothermia and moderate hypothermia have been employed with a hemodilution of 33 to 60 ml/kg body wt and a mean perfusion hematocrit of 24%. Despite the decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, acidosis has not been observed during prolonged perfusions at median flow rates. Following oxygenator reinfusion, the postoperative total blood volume has been normal. However, a decrease in red cell mass was observed which necessitated the administration of "packed red cells." With this technique, the clotting time was more readily restored to normal, and kidney function was markedly improved over a comparable series of patients perfused with donor blood.
James Picton Douglas Thomas
Authors: John Peters, M F Scanlon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Dr James Picton Thomas—Picton to his friends—died peacefully on 13 August at the age of 82 years after a long and distinguished career as a consultant physician in Cardiff. Picton was a proud Welshman, born in Pembrey, Carmarthenshire. He won a scholarship to Ellesmere College and Dean Close School in Shropshire and went on to read medicine at Cambridge and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, qualifying in 1947. In 1948 he became house surgeon to Sir Geoffrey Keynes at St Bartholomew's Hospital, followed by two years' national service with the Royal Air Force.

In 1950 he was house …
Protective Efficacy of Combined Live Intranasal and Inactivated Influenza A Virus Vaccines in the Elderly
Authors: John J. Treanor, H. Reid Mattison, Ghinwa Dumyati, Amos Yinnon, Shirley Erb, Diane O'Brien, Raphael Dolin, Robert F. Betts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of adding intranasal live attenuated cold-adapted influenza A vaccine to inactivated influenza vaccine to prevent influenza A in elderly residents of long-term-care institutions. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted over 3 years. Setting: Three large nursing homes. Participants: A total of 523 residents of nursing homes (mean age, 84.2 years). Interventions: All participants received trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine parenterally and were randomly assigned to receive either live attenuated influenza A (H3N2) virus vaccine or placebo intranasally. Measurements: Laboratory-documented influenza A was defined as a respiratory illness plus isolation of influenza A virus from nasal secretions, significant serologic response, or both. Participants were considered to have been exposed to influenza A if they resided in an institution in which cases of influenza A were documented. Outbreak-associated illnesses were defined as those occurring between the first and last isolation of influenza virus from within the institution, ± 3 days. Results: Participants who received intranasal vaccine and were subsequently exposed to influenza A had significantly lower rates of laboratory-documented influenza A (9 of 162 vaccine recipients compared with 24 of 169 placebo recipients; vaccine protective efficacy, 60.6%; 95% Cl, 18% to 82%), outbreak-associated respiratory illnesses (13 of 162 vaccine recipients compared with 34 of 169 placebo recipients; vaccine protective efficacy, 56.8%; Cl 23% to 76%), and outbreakassociated influenza-like illnesses (6 of 162 vaccine recipients compared with 18 of 169 placebo recipients; vaccine protective efficacy, 65.0%; Cl 17% to 86%). Conclusions: Intranasal immunization with live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine provided additional protection against influenza A when added to parenteral trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine among elderly nursing home residents.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SELF-REPORTED ACTIVITY LEVEL AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS
Authors: Camille Michael Minder, Michael Blaha, John McEvoy, Erin Michos, Jose AM Carvalho, Raquel D. Concei&ccedil;&atilde;o, Roger Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir, Raul Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effect of hemorrhage and retransfusion on intrarenal distribution of blood flow in dogs
Authors: Knut Aukland, Mats Wolgast
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Distribution of intrarenal blood flow was studied in 12 dogs anesthetized with Nembutal. Medullary blood flow was estimated by local clearance of hydrogen gas from the outer medulla measured polarographically with needleshaped platinum electrodes, and by local clearance of (85)Kr and mean transit time of (32)P-labeled erythrocytes measured with a small semiconductor detector placed in the outer medulla. Cortical blood flow was estimated from cortical red cell transit time and from total renal blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeter. Bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 50-65 mm Hg in the course of 8-20 min reduced cortical and medullary blood flow on the average to the same extent. In half of the experiments both cortical and medullary blood flow were reduced proportionately less than mean arterial pressure during the first half hour of bleeding. Maintenance of mean arterial pressure at 50-65 mm Hg in all cases led to progressive reduction of both cortical and medullary blood flow, out of proportion to the reduction of arterial pressure. A two step bleeding procedure used in two experiments also led to uniform reduction of renal blood flow. Reinfusion of blood after 2-3 hr of hypotension increased total renal blood flow to an average of 82% and outer medullary hydrogen clearance to an average of 92% of control values. All dogs survived the experiment without evidence of renal failure. It is concluded that hemorrhagic hypotension in dogs leads to a progressive and fairly uniform rise in renal vascular resistance, without any selective hemodynamic response in the juxtamedullary circulation.
Abstract 1694: Imaging cell cycle progression in gastric cancer lymph node metastasis indicates large fraction of proliferating cancer cells
Authors: Atsushi Suetsugu, Mohamed Hassanein, Hisataka Moriwaki, Shuya Yano, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Michael Bouvet, Shigetoyo Saji, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We report here a mouse model of lymph node metastasis of stomach cancer and imaging cell cycle progression in the metastasis. FUCCI (fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator)-expressing human MKN45 gastric cancer cells were used to establish the lymph node metastasis nude mouse model. In this model, cell-cycle dynamics of the metastatic cells could be imaged in vivo. FUCCI cells are labeled orange in the G1 phase nuclei (monomeric Kusabira-Orange2: mKO2) and labeled green in the S/G2/M phases (monomeric Azami-Green1: mAG1). FUCCI MKN45 were injected into the mouse stomach mucosa from the serosal side. Lymph node metastasis to the para-aortic or hepatic portal region, left armpit, and brachial lymph nodes were observed. Green-yellow (G2/S) cells were predominant compared to red (G1) fluorescent FUCCI cells as observed in the lymph-node metastases using an FV1000 confocal microscope, indicating that the lymph-node metastatic cells were actively cycling. The origin of lymph node or vessel metastases was confirmed by H.E. staining. Mouse FUCCI gastric metastasis models will be used to visualize cell cycle dynamics in metastasis in lymphoid as well as hematogenous metastasis in order to optimize drug treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1694. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1694
Rare peripheral T cells migrate to and persist in normal mouse thymus.
Authors: S A Michie, E A Kirkpatrick, R V Rouse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The traffic of T cells between the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs is generally thought to be unidirectional. Using a technique of lymphocyte transfer between Thy-1 congenic mice, we demonstrate here the entry of rare peripheral lymph node T cells into the normal mouse thymus. At time points from 3 h to 24 wk after transfer, donor peripheral T cells were present in the host thymus, mainly as scattered single cells confined to the medulla. At 2 wk after transfer, donor T cells constituted 0.2% of the medullary thymocytes (compared with 11% of the peripheral lymph node T cells). As a population, these cells exhibited a stable mature immunophenotype (Ly-1hi, PNAlo, and mixed L3T4- and Lyt-2+). A minority of the donor T cells expressed high levels of the MEL-14 "homing receptor". The thymic medulla thus exhibits features of a peripheral lymphoid organ but differs in its low rate of turnover of recirculating T cells.
The Place of Surgery in the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: Denis M. McCarthy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

AVAILABILITY of effective medical therapy for the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome (ZES)1 2 3 has removed much urgency from decisions about treatment and encouraged reevaluation of various options.3 4 5 A recurring question posed by clinicians is whether such patients should undergo exploratory surgery. Confusion arises about whether exploration is seen as an additional diagnostic procedure, an operation directed against the tumor, an attempt to control acid secretion regardless of tumor status, or all the above. Since in most cases the disease is malignant,6 7 8 the ideal treatment would be a safe type of chemotherapy that would suppress endocrine function and halt the spread of the tumor. . . .
High doses of transplanted CD34+ cells are associated with rapid T-cell engraftment and lessened risk of graft rejection, but not more graft-versus-host disease after nonmyeloablative conditioning and unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: F Baron, M B Maris, B E Storer, B M Sandmaier, J P Panse, T R Chauncey, M Sorror, M-T Little, D G Maloney, R Storb, S Heimfeld
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Axial cineangiography in congenital heart disease. Section I. Concept, technical and anatomic considerations.
Authors: L M Bargeron, L P Elliott, B Soto, P R Bream, G C Curry
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Cineangiographic axial techniques were designed to overcome the limitations of conventional angiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Two basic patient (or equipment) maneuvers are involved; 1) long axis of the heart is aligned perpendicular to the X-ray beam, and 2) rotation of patient results in the heart being radiographically sectioned at 30 degree angles. To accomplish this with fixed vertical and horizontal X-ray tubes, three positions were developed: 1) "hepato-clavicular," "4 chamber," 2) "long axial oblique," 3) "anterior-posterior axial." A fourth, the "sitting-up" projection is discussed. The hepato-clavicular position profiles the posterior ventricular septum and atrial septum, separates the A-V valves, places the four cardiac chambers en face, and clarifies mitral valve-semilunar valve and outflow tract relationships. The long axial oblique profiles the anterior ventricular septum, left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve-anterior mitral valve leaflet. The sitting-up view visualizes the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk and separates true pulmonary arteries from systemic collaterals.
Application of Cryopreserved Human Hepatocytes in Trichloroethylene RiskAssessment: Relative Disposition of Chloral Hydrate to Trichloroacetateand Trichloroethanol
Authors: Apryl Bronley-DeLancey, David C. McMillan, JoEllyn M. McMillan, David J. Jollow, Lawrence C. Mohr, David G. Hoel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a suspected human carcinogen and a common groundwater contaminant. Chloral hydrate (CH) is the major metabolite of TCE formed in the liver by cytochrome P450 2E1. CH is metabolized to the hepatocarcinogen trichloroacetate (TCA) by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and to the noncarcinogenic metabolite trichloroethanol (TCOH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). ALDH and ADH are polymorphic in humans, and these polymorphisms are known to affect the elimination of ethanol. It is therefore possible that polymorphisms in CH metabolism will yield subpopulations with greater than expected TCA formation with associated enhanced risk of liver tumors after TCE exposure.The present studies were undertaken to determine the feasibility of using commercially available, cryogenically preserved human hepatocytes to determine simultaneously the kinetics of CH metabolism and ALDH/ADH genotype. Thirteen human hepatocyte samples were examined. Linear reciprocal plots were obtained for 11 ADH and 12 ALDH determinations.There was large interindividual variation in the Vmax values for both TCOH and TCA formation. Within this limited sample size, no correlation with ADH/ALDH genotype was apparent. Despite the large variation in Vmax values among individuals, disposition of CH into the two competing pathways was relatively constant.These data support the use of cryopreserved human hepatocytes as an experimental system to generate metabolic and genomic information for incorporation into TCE cancer risk assessment models. The data are discussed with regard to cellular factors, other than genotype, that may contribute to the observed variability in metabolism of CH in human liver.
A novel conditioning regimen improves outcomes in β-thalassemia major patients using unrelated donor peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chunfu Li, Xuedong Wu, Xiaoqing Feng, Yuelin He, Huaying Liu, Fuyu Pei, Jianyu Liao, Lan He, Lei Shi, Na Li, Qiujun Liu, Shiting Liu, Geyu Chen, Qingxia Su, Yuqiong Ren, Yanhua Wang, Wanxia Tan
Journal: Blood (2012)
Abstract 2064: SF3B1 inhibitors sensitize head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to Bcl-xL inhibition by regulating Mcl-1 alternative splicing.
Authors: Yang Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract This study explored the application of the alternative splicing of Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1 in combination chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines: meayamycin B (SF3b inhibitor) switched the pre-mRNA alternative splicing of Mcl-1 from anti-apoptotic to pro-apoptotic; the combination of meayamycin B with ABT-737 (Bcl-xL inhibitor) rapidly stimulated apoptosis in a panel of HNSCC cells, overcoming the HPV-16-mediated Mcl-1 over-expression. Western blotting and semi-quantitative RT-PCR as well as qPCR afforded evaluation of the expression of Mcl-1 splicing variants at mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis status was monitored by using caspase 3/7 activity assays and Annexin V/7-AAD staining. siRNA was used to specifically knock down HPV-16 E6 gene. Meayamycin B exhibited 0.1-10 nM ED50 values in HNSCC cell lines that are mostly resistant to ABT-737. In HPV-16 positive HNSCC, E6 oncogene affords moderate resistance to meayamycin B. The combination of meayamycin B and ABT-737 synergistically induced apoptosis in HNSCC cell lines regardless of HPV status. These data demonstrate the potential of meayamycin B, both as a single agent and in combination with Bcl-xL inhibitors, for both research and targeted molecular therapeutic purposes for HNSCC. Citation Format: Yang Gao. SF3B1 inhibitors sensitize head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to Bcl-xL inhibition by regulating Mcl-1 alternative splicing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2064. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2064
Adverse effects of nitroglycerin treatment on endothelial function, vascular nitrotyrosine levels and cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity in hyperlipidemic Watanabe rabbits
Authors: Ascan Warnholtz, Hanke Mollnau, Thomas Heitzer, Anatol Kontush, Tobias Möller-Bertram, Dirk Lavall, Adel Giaid, Ulrike Beisiegel, Stefan L Marklund, Ulrich Walter, Thomas Meinertz, Thomas Munzel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Remarks ON SOME CLINICAL TYPES OF ABDOMINAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: K. W. Monsarrat
Journal: BMJ (1920)

MUCH lhas been written on the subject of tuberculous peritonitis, and the limittioins of thieusefulness of surgical irterferenbe in tie condition are well known.It is rather with the accidents or complications which arise in con- nexion with abdominal tubetcalosis that surgery finds itelf concerned.
Etanercept 50 mg once weekly is as effective as 25 mg twice weekly in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: D van der Heijde, J C Da Silva, M Dougados, P Geher, I van der Horst-Bruinsma, X Juanola, I Olivieri, F Raeman, L Settas, J Sieper, J Szechinski, D Walker, M-P Boussuge, J S Wajdula, L Paolozzi, S Fatenejad
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To compare the efficacy, pharmacokinetics and safety of etanercept 50 mg once weekly with 25 mg twice weekly and placebo in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. <b>Methods:</b> A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the effects of etanercept 50 mg once weekly, etanercept 25 mg twice weekly and placebo in 356 patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (3:3:1 randomisation, respectively). The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving a response at week 12 based on the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis Working Group criteria (ASAS 20). The pharmacokinetics of etanercept 50 mg once weekly and 25 mg twice weekly were analysed. <b>Results:</b> Baseline characteristics and disease activity were similar among the three groups: etanercept 50 mg once weekly, etanercept 25 mg twice weekly and placebo. The percentage of patients discontinuing therapy was 9.0%, 9.3% and 13.7% for the three respective groups. ASAS 20 response at 12 weeks was achieved by 74.2% of patients with etanercept 50 mg once weekly and 71.3% of those with etanercept 25 mg twice weekly, both significantly higher than the percentage of patients taking placebo (37.3%, p&lt;0.001). Percentages of patients with ASAS 5/6 response (70.3%, 72.0% and 27.5%, respectively; p&lt;0.001) and those with ASAS 40 response (58.1%, 53.3% and 21.6%, respectively; p&lt;0.001) followed a similar pattern. Significant improvement (p&lt;0.05) was seen in measures of disease activity, back pain, morning stiffness and C reactive protein levels as early as 2 weeks. Serum etanercept exposure was similar between the etanercept groups. Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events, including infections, was similar among all three groups, and no unexpected safety issues were identified. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with ankylosing spondylitis can expect a comparable significant improvement in clinical outcomes with similar safety when treated with etanercept 50 mg once weekly or with 25 mg twice weekly.
Melanoma genetics and the development of rational therapeutics
Authors: Yakov Chudnovsky, Paul A. Khavari, Amy E. Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Melanoma is a cancer of the neural crest–derived cells that provide pigmentation to skin and other tissues. Over the past 4 decades, the incidence of melanoma has increased more rapidly than that of any other malignancy in the United States. No current treatments substantially enhance patient survival once metastasis has occurred. This review focuses on recent insights into melanoma genetics and new therapeutic approaches being developed based on these advances.
Autoimmunity and Disease
Authors: Frances K. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1965)

So rapid is the progress in the fields of immunity and autoimmune diseases that the general reader, if he merely stands still, is in fact falling behind by leaps and bounds. Consequently, this new book from England fills a real need. The authors have assembled and organized an enormous group of studies, some isolated, some interrelated, and have produced a coherent, comprehensive review of the present status of autoimmune mechanisms and their actual or possible relationship to many disease states. The first section summarizes the theoretical problems of immunity in general and autoimmunity in particular, giving an unusually lucid account of the protein chemistry involved. Detailed and perceptive discussions of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, those classical embodiments of all that is puzzling in the field, emphasize the practical applications of basic science to clinical medicine. In subsequent chapters, the many studies relating to diseases of individual organs are
Hyperthermia and Cellular Immunity
Authors: Rashid A. Bhatti
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In addition to conventional therapeusis employed for the treatment of cancer (eg, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery), the use of hyperthermia and hypothermia as a means of selectively destroying malignant cells received increased attention in the 1960s.<sup>1</sup>Renewed interest in hyperthermia isexemplified by the recent article of LeVeen et al (235:2198, 1976) and an editorial inThe Journal(235:2223, 1976). Earlier studies by Strauss et al<sup>2</sup>suggested induction of an immunologic response in patients with rectal carcinoma after fulguration of their tumor as one possible explanation for observations of regression of tumor in patients so treated. As one of several approaches in evaluating the effect of hyperthermia on immunologic responsiveness, we have compared the reactivity of leukocytes from patients with genitourinary tumors to unheated and heated allogeneic tissue extracts. Employing antigen-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition<sup>3</sup>with 3M potassium chloride extracts of allogeneic carcinomatous tissue,