tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hazards of tracheostomy.
Authors: S. G. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The pandemic spread of coronavirus leads to increased burden on healthcare services worldwide. Experience shows that required medical treatment can reach limits at local clinics and fast and secure clinical assessment of the disease severity becomes vital. In [1] a model is presented for predicting the mortality of COVID-19 patients from their biomarkers. Three biomarkers have been selected by ranking with a supervised Multi-tree XGBoost classifier. The prediction model is built up as a binary decision tree with depth three and achieves AUC scores of up to 97.84±0.37 and 95.06± 2.21 for training and external test data sets, resp. In human assessment and decision making influencing parameters usually aren’t considered as sharp numbers but rather as Fuzzy terms [2], and inferencing primarily yields Fuzzy terms or continuous grades rather than binary decisions. Therefore, I examined a Sugenotype Fuzzy classifier [3] for disease assessment and decision support. In addition, I used an artificial neural network (<i>SOM</i>, [4]) for selecting the biomarkers. Modelling and validation was done with the identical data base provided by [1]. With the complete training and test data sets, the Fuzzy prediction model achieves improved AUC scores of up to 98.59 or 95.12 The improvements with the Fuzzy classifier obviously become clear as physicians can interpret output grades to belong to positive or negative class more or less strongly. An extension of the Fuzzy model, which takes into account the trend in key features over time, provides excellent results with the training data, which, however, could not be finally verified due to the lack of suitable test data. The generation and training of the Fuzzy models was fully automatic and without additional adjustment with the help of ANFIS from Matlab©.
Taurolitocholate (TLC) alters bile salt transport at a canalicular level, by retrieving its canalicular transporter, BSEP: studies in vivo and in isolated rat hepatocyte couplets (IRHC)
Authors: Fernando Crocenzi, Jose Pellegrino, Emilio Rodriguez Garay, Piotr Milkiewicz, Roger Coleman, Marcelo Roma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Letter by Tershakovec et al Regarding Article, “Evidence for Statin Pleiotropy in Humans: Differential Effects of Statins and Ezetimibe on Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase Activity, Endothelial Function, and Inflammation”
Authors: Andrew M. Tershakovec, Enrico P. Veltri, Richard C. Pasternak
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Diagnostic value of clonality of surface immunoglobulin light and heavy chains in malignant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Ai Batata, Bo Shen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Cell suspensions from the peripheral blood of B-chronic lymphoid leukemias (B-CLL, n = 274) and reactive lymphocytosis (RLC, n = 132) and from solid tissue samples of B-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (B-NHL, n = 466) and reactive lymphadenopathy (RLA, n = 324) were analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of clonality of L- and H- chains in B-CLL and B-NHL. Cutoff levels for monoclonal L-chain (mono-L) and monoclonal H-chain (mono-H) were defined. In B-CLL, the association patterns of L- and H- chains were as follows: mono-L/mono-H, 245 cases (89.42%); mono-L/polyclonal H chain (poly-H), 4 (1.46%); polyclonal L chain (poly-L)/mono-H, 2 (0.73%); poly-L/poly-H, 2 (0.73%); undetected (und)-L/mono-H, 6 (2.19%); and und-L/und-H, 15 (5.47%). In B-NHL, the association patterns were mono-L/mono-H, 433 cases (92.92%); mono-L/poly-H, 4 (0.86%); poly-L/mono-H, 8 (1.72%); poly-L/poly-H, 2 (0.43%); und-L/mono-H, 4 (0.86%); and und-L/und-H, 15 (3.22%). Monoclonality of H chains are complementary to L-chain restriction, especially in the cases with poly-L or und-L, and should be considered as a positive criterion in determining surface immunoglobulin (SIg) clonality. Monoclonality of SIg assessed by both L and H chains is both sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of B-CLL and B-NHL, and their differentiation from RLC and RLA, since none of the cases of RLC and RLA showed monoclonal SIg.
A Mitochondrial Antigen-Antibody System in Cholestatic Liver Disease Detected by Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Michael Manns, Karl-Hermann Meyer, Zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) was established for the detection of antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) in patient sera. AMAs were detected by RIA in 12 of 14 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in 3 of 29 patients with chronic active hepatitis. AMAs were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in all sera positive by RIA. In addition, two patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and one patient with chronic active hepatitis were AMA positive when tested by indirect immunofluorescence, but negative when tested by RIA. AMAs were not detected by RIA or indirect immunofluorescence in 121 further patients with various hepatic and nonhepatic diseases, including healthy controls. The RIA detects an AMA directed against one determinant of a mitochondrial antigen which bears the characteristics of the previously described primary biliary cirrhosis antigen (M2 antigen). The RIA described is a sensitive and specific test for the detection of one mitochondrial autoantibody associated with chronic cholestatic liver diseases displaying the morphology of primary biliary cirrhosis in chronic active hepatitis or liver biopsy specimens. Antibodies against other mitochondrial antigens do not react in this assay system.
Costs and cost effectiveness of health checks conducted by nurses in primary care: the Oxcheck study
Authors: S. Langham, M. Thorogood, C. Normand, J. Muir, L. Jones, G. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To measure the costs and cost effectiveness of the Oxcheck cardiovascular risk factor screening and intervention programme. <b>Design</b>: Cost effectiveness analysis of a randomised controlled trial using clinical and economc data taken from the trial. <b>Setting</b>: Five general practices in Luton and Dunstable, England. <b>Subjects</b>: 2205 patients who attended a health check in 1989-90 and were scheduled for re-examination in 1992-3 (intervention group); 1916 patients who attended their initial health check in 1992-3 (control group). Participants were men and women aged 35-64years. <b>Intervention</b>: Health check conducted by nurse, with health education and follow up according to degree of risk. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Cost of health check programme; cost per 1 % reduction in coronary risk. <b>Results</b>: Health check and follow up cost £29.27 per patient. Estimated programme cost per 1% reduction in coronary risk per participant was between £1.46 and £2.25; it was nearly twice as much for men as women. <b>Conclusions</b>: The cost to the practice of implementing Oxcheck-style health checks in an average sized practice of 7500 patients would be £47 000, a proportion of which could be paid for through staff pay reimbursements and Band Three health promotion target payments. This study highlights the considerable difficulties faced when calculating the costs and benefits of a health promotion programme. Economic evaluations should be integrated into the protocols of randomised controlled trials to enable judgments to be made on the relative cost effectiveness of different prevention strategies. <h3>Key messages</h3> Research was undertaken to estimate the cost of the health checks and relate the cost to changes in the relative risk of cardiovascular disease The immediate cost of implementing Oxcheck-style health checks in an average sized practice of 7500 patients would be £47 000, which is comparable with the immediate cost of a cervical screening programme The actual costs to the practice would be substantially reduced by staff pay reimbursements and health promotion target payments Further research is required to estimate the wider costs of health checks resulting from the additional use of health care services
Impact of cytogenetics on outcome of matched unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first or second complete remission
Authors: Martin S. Tallman, Gordon W. Dewald, Sharavi Gandham, Brent R. Logan, Armand Keating, Hillard M. Lazarus, Mark R. Litzow, Jayesh Mehta, Tanya Pedersen, Waleska S. Pérez, Jacob M. Rowe, Meir Wetzler, Daniel J. Weisdorf
Journal: Blood (2007)
William R. Barclay, MD, 1919-2006
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2006)

it seems likely that the meningitis belt will spread,” Thomson said. Current efforts to manage meningitis outbreaks in this region focus on vaccinating the population after one has been identified, although often it is too late to prevent an epidemic, Thomson said. But more information about the temporal and geographic distribution of outbreaks, as well as better modeling of the disease’s life cycle, may one day help scientists to develop an early warning system that would allow more timely vaccination efforts. Thomson noted that while infectious diseases are often the focus of efforts to determine how desertification and other environmental changes affect human health, it is important to take a broader view and consider factors that may indirectly affect health. If the environment is degraded, individuals may not be able to grow food, feed their livestock, or have access to clean water. Individuals living in poverty may be malnourished and thus more vulnerable to disease, and are likely unable to afford preventive measures for themselves or their families. “Poverty is really key to the way environmental changes impact on health,” Thomson said.
273 Usefulness of sonovue microbubble-enhanced ultrasonography in the assessment of the efficacy of percutaneous ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: M. Varela, R. Vilana, L. Bianchi, M.A. Garcia, C. Nicolau, M. Sanchez, C. Ayuso, M. Sala, J.M. Llovet, C. Bru, J. Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Importance of Surrogate Markers in Evaluation of Antiviral Therapy for HIV Infection
Authors: Lawrence Deyton
Journal: JAMA (1996)

CONVENTIONAL randomized clinical trials of new treatments usually rely on clinical end points that directly show the effect of the new treatment on outcomes such as quality or length of life. In chronic diseases, like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, standard clinical end points may be either distant in time or rare, and thus require a trial of long duration, large sample size, or both to demonstrate the value of a new treatment. A surrogate marker for that clinical end point would allow more rapid completion of clinical investigations of new therapies. The use of surrogate markers in evaluating effective therapies for HIV infection has drawn considerable attention. See also pp 158 and 161. A perfect surrogate marker for use in the study of a new therapeutic agent must be biologically plausible, measurable in all patients with the disease, predictive of disease progression (ie, worsening with
Circulating late‐stage erythrold progenitors in a patient with agnagenic myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Hua‐Kang Wu, Shigeru Chiba, Ken Inamori, Hiroyuki Mano, Tsuyoshi Tange, Yoshio Yazaki, Hisamaru Hirai, Mark D. Minden
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)
Cyclosporin treatment of IgA nephropathy: a short term controlled trial.
Authors: K N Lai, F M Lai, P K Li, J Vallance-Owen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Cyclosporin9s known regulatory effects on the immune system suggest that it may be useful in treating patients with IgA nephropathy. A randomised prospective single blind study of 19 patients with IgA nephropathy and proteinuria (greater than 1.5 g/day) was conducted to determine the therapeutic value of cyclosporin. The patients were divided into two groups: nine patients were given oral cyclosporin (5 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks and 10 patients a placebo. The two groups were comparable in age of presentation, ratio of men to women, plasma creatinine and serum IgA concentrations, creatinine clearance, daily urinary protein excretion, severity of renal histopathological changes, and prevalence of hypertension. A significant reduction of proteinuria and an increase of plasma albumin concentration was observed with treatment with cyclosporin. Nevertheless, a significant rise of plasma creatinine concentration and a fall in creatinine clearance was found in patients after six weeks9 treatment with cyclosporin, although the plasma cyclosporin concentrations were maintained within a narrow therapeutic range. Serum IgA concentrations were reduced in seven patients. Renal function improved within eight weeks after treatment was stopped. Three months after treatment was stopped proteinuria remained less than half of the pretreatment values in three patients. No similar biochemical changes were observed in the controls. Short term cyclosporin therapy may be beneficial in reducing proteinuria in some patients with IgA nephropathy. As transient renal impairment was seen, despite cyclosporin concentrations being maintained within a narrow therapeutic range, indiscriminate use of cyclosporin in glomerulonephritis should be discouraged.
View of statins as antimicrobials in cardiovascular risk modification
Authors: E. Kozarov, T. Padro, L. Badimon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Atherosclerosis is a complex arterial pathological development underlying heart attack and stroke and a leading cause of death in developed and now also in developing countries. The primary processes that lead to the inflammatory lipid-laden proliferative lesion, obstructing the blood flow, and referred to as atherosclerotic plaque are dyslipidaemia and inflammation. Here, we will review one of the most efficient classes of drugs indicated for management of cardiovascular disease (CVD), statins. We will assess their pleiotropic effects that emerged from CVD applications, focusing this review specifically on plausible antimicrobial activity. Only recently gaining strength, the recognition of possible antibacterial activity may extend the statin applicability for vascular as well as to other critical inflammatory conditions.
A Serum Component Related to Nonimmunoglobulin Amyloid Protein AS, a Possible Precursor of the Fibrils
Authors: G. Husby, J. B. Natvig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A nonimmunoglobulin protein with the molecular weight of 9,145 (protein AS) has been shown to be a principal component of the amyloid fibrils in different clinical types of amyloidosis. A protein component, antigenically closely related to protein AS, was detected in human sera. The protein AS-related component (protein ASC) was found in the sera of many groups of patients, including 48 out of 55 patients with various clinical types of amyloidosis. No structural relationship of protein ASC to the plasma component of amyloid was found. Protein ASC was also present with high frequency in the serum of diseases known to be frequently complicated by amyloidosis. In some cases, ASC was found in the sera of patients 2-3 yr before the diagnosis of amyloidosis was established. Protein ASC was also frequently found in hypogammaglobulinemia. Among normal individuals, protein ASC was seldom detected in the serum by our techniques, but there was a noticeable increase with age and during pregnancy. Moreover, a more sensitive technique, immunoelectro-osmophoresis, revealed protein ASC in a higher number of sera from both patients and normal controls. Thus protein ASC was suggested to be a normal serum constituent, usually present only in minor quantities. Under certain conditions, protein ASC increases considerably in serum, and may in such instances act as a precursor for the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the tissues.
The 'tin-tack' sign in post-irradiation scalp skin scales
Authors: R. J. THOMAS, N. P. SMITH, MARGARET F. SPITTLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article The ‘tin‐tack’ sign in post‐irradiation scalp skin scales Get access R. J. THOMAS, R. J. THOMAS Meyerstein Institute of Clinical Oncology, The Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London WIN 8AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. P. SMITH, N. P. SMITH St. John's Dermatology Centre, St Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARGARET F. SPITTLE MARGARET F. SPITTLE Meyerstein Institute of Clinical Oncology, The Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London WIN 8AA, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Page 90, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08412.x Published: 01 January 1992
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF EPIDEMIC CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS
Authors: PHEBE L. DuBOIS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In 1906 the New York Board of Health supplied antimeningitis serum for use subcutaneously in cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, but it was found to be of slight avail and its preparation and use were discontinued. In July, 1910, after Jochmann, Flexner and Wassermann had proved its value when used intraspinously, the Rockefeller Institute gave the Health Department two horses immunized against the meningococcus, and a generous supply of antimeningitis serum. Since that time the Health Department has prepared it and offered the services of a consultant to every physician reporting a case of meningitis not in a hospital. In that way we have seen 247 cases, at least half of which were reported as epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and the rest either as meningitis, kind not designated, or as tuberculous meningitis.  DIAGNOSIS  Table 1 shows what a large percentage of error there must be in the usual statistics of meningitis
Functional adaptation of nephrons in dogs with acute progressing to chronic experimental glomerulonephritis.
Authors: J P Wagnild, F D Gutmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Although a diminished fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) is the hallmark of acute proliferative glomerulonephritis (APGN), an enhanced natriuresis per glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the chronic phases of this disease has been reported. We studied this adaptive response utilizing two different split-bladder dog models with unilateral, and a third group of dogs with bilateral Masugi's nephritis. Group I. Six dogs with unilateral nonaccelerated APGN studied a mean of 6 days after induction had a mean base-line APGN/intact kidney GFR of 31/50 ml/min (P less than 0.005) and FENa of 0.2/0.75% (P less than 0.005). Acute volume expansion caused a smaller absolute increase in FENa from the APGN kidney, 1.6%, than from the intact kidney, 4.0%, (P less than 0.01). Maximum tubular secretion of rho-aminohippuric acid/GFR (TmPAH/GFR) measured in three dogs was higher in the APGN kidney than intact kidney, 13.1 vs. 9.3 mg/dl. Subsequent studies on three of the six dogs when the disease had become chronic demonstrated a reversal in the pattern of sodium excretion in response to volume expansion. Group II. Six dogs with accelerated unilateral APGN (dogs presensitized to antibody source) studied a mean of 5 days after induction had a mean base-line APGN/intact kidney GFR of 16/57 ml/min and FENa of 0.22/0.12% (P less than 0.1). Contrary to group I, volume expansion caused a greater absolute increase in FENa from the APGN kidney, 5.8%, than from the intact kidney, 2.9% (P less than 0.05). TmPAH/GFR studied in four dogs was similar for both kidneys, 17.9 and 18.5 mg/dl for the APGN kidney and intact kidney, respectively. Group III. Sequential studies were performed on seven dogs with bilateral nonaccelerated APGN. Initially each demonstrated sodium retention and a smaller absolute increase in FENa in response to volume expansion compared to a predisease control study. With disease progression, volume expansion induced a greater absolute increase in FENa than in the control study. We concluded that (a) the fractional excretion of sodium from the APGN kidney will be less or greater than the contralateral intact kidney or control study depending on the severity and/or chronicity of the disease, possibly as the result of morphologic alterations; (b) the degree of extracellular fluid volume expansion is an important variable influencing similarity of glomerulotubular balance between the APGN and contralateral intact kidney; and (c) the "intact nephron hypothesis" applies in a limited fashion to kidneys with APGN in the absence of volume expansion just as it does for kidneys with chronic glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis.
Fifty-Year Survival After Surgery for Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Dan Streja
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN HIS 1932 monograph on intracranial tumors,<sup>1</sup>Harvey Cushing stated: "Since scarcely any two craniopharyngiomas are precisely alike and since those of similar size and character show such differences of behavior, the course of any given tumor is impossible to foretell." He would certainly not have foretold the course of one of his patients, operated on in 1923 at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, who survived and was shown to have panhypopituitarism only 50 years later. We report this case to document the chronology of the hormonal deficiencies occurring at times in which specific hormonal replacement lagged a step behind the patient's requirements. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 56-year-old man entered the Clinical Investigation Unit of the Toronto General Hospital in September 1973 for assessment of his endocrine status. At age 4 he had begun to have severe recurrent headaches and decreased vision in his right eye.
Effects of verapamil on myocardial performance in coronary disease.
Authors: J Ferlinz, J L Easthope, W S Aronow
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, has been used extensively for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Concern persists, however, that it may seriously depress myocardial function in cardiac patients. To investigate this possibility, 20 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) but no heart failure were given intravenous verapamil (0.1 mg/kg bolus, followed by 0.005 mg/kg/min infusion), and studied hemodynamically and angiographically. Verapamil markedly lowered mean aortic pressure (94 +/- 17 to 82 +/- 13 mm Hg, p less than 0.0005) and systemic vascular resistance (1413 +/- 429 to 1069 +/- 235 dyn-sec-cm5, p less than 0.0005). Simultaneously, all indices of left ventricular (LV) performance greatly improved: cardiac index rose from 2.8 +/- 0.6 to 3.1 +/- 0.7 1/min/m2 (p less than 0.0005), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased from 0.85 +/- 0.39 to 0.97 +/- 0.46 circ/sec (p less than 0.01), and ejection fraction improved from 55 +/- 16 to 61 +/- 18% (p less than 0.01). No significant changes were noted in the heart rate before and after verapamil administration, and verapamil did not worsen the extent of LV asynergy in the majority of patients. In patients with CAD, the intrinsic negative inotropic effect of verapamil is of negligible importance because its potent vasodilatory properties more than compensate for any intrinsic decrease in LV contractility, and thereby improve the overall cardiac function.