tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The time of onset and duration of 5-methoxypsoralen photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in human skin
Authors: C.A. CHADWICK, C.S. POTTEN, A.J. COHEN, A.R. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Sites of previously unexposed buttock skin of eight human volunteers (skin type II) were treated daily for 3, 5, 8, or 10 days with suberythemogenic doses of solar‐simulated radiation (SSR) in the presence of a UVB sunscreen containing 5‐methoxypsoralen (5‐MOP) at 30p.p.m., or daily for 10 days with SSR+the same sunscreen without 5‐MOP. One week after cessation of treatment, these sites, together with a control unexposed site, were challenged with 2 minimal erythema doses (2 MED) of SSR. Biopsy samples were taken within 15 min of the challenge dose, and were incubated for 1 h in tritiated thymidine. UV‐induced DNA damage was measured indirectly by unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), and directly using a monoclonal antibody to thymine dimers, and automated image analysis. The level of pigmentation was assessed in sections in a semiquantitative fashion with Masson‐Fontana staining, and the number of layers in the stratum corneum was used to assess changes in epidermal thickness. Using the UDS and dimer measurements, the level of photochemoprotection afforded by 5‐MOP was determined from the reduction in the level of DNA damage observed. The photochemoprotection was expressed as a ratio of the 5‐MOP‐treated sites compared with the sites that did not receive 5‐MOP treatment. The onset of 5‐MOP photochemoprotection was shown to occur after three to five daily exposures, and became maximal after eight daily exposures. The onset of this protection coincided with increases in melanin and in stratum corneum thickness. In an extension of this study, it was found that following 10 daily exposures, 5‐MOP photochemoprotection declined at a rate of about 5% per week, and in spite of several cycles of epidermal cell replacement, some protection still persisted up to 14 weeks after the end of the tanning protocol. The sites treated with sunscreen without 5‐MOP showed negligible changes in melanin, stratum corneum thickness and levels of DNA damage. There was good correlation between the photochemoprotection endpoints of UDS and thymine dimer levels. The importance of 5‐MOP photochemoprotection in the risk‐benefit assessment of sunscreens used in suntanning is discussed.
Generalized Cutaneous Papules and Nodules in an Asian Man
Authors: Xiao-Yong Man, Min Zheng
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Technical Potential and Limitations of Cholangioscopes
Authors: O. Komiya
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

The current status and future technological trends for cholangioscopes and cholecystoscopes are discussed. Overall views of diagnostic and therapeutic medical techniques, as well as the technical state of the art of the instruments used to perform them are presented and, on the basis of the overall pictures, those technologies to be improved or to be developed in the future are discussed, together with an approximate estimation of the time required for such improvements/new developments. The discussion concentrates on current and future trends of thin-caliber fiberscope technologies. Since the fiberscopes required for cholangioscopy and cholecystoscopy differ slightly, the discussion treats each application separately.
Comparison of quality of life of asthmatic: Aspirin-intolerant asthma vs atopic asthma
Authors: S.A. Zenokhov, I.V. Sidorenko, V.K. Treskunov, T.V. Zakharzhevskaya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)

RATIONALE: Patients with aspirin - intolerant asthma (AIA) and rhinitis have more limited social life than patients with atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis. METHODS: 68 adults with moderate to severe asthma aged 19-72 yrs were interviewed by using a validated Russian version Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire(S)(AQLQ(S)), Rhinitis Symptoms Questionnaire(RSQ) and SF-36. Study population was divided into two groups. Patients with AIA have been included in the first group (N=39, FEV1=77.5±12.3% of predicted). Patients in the second group (N=29, FEV1=76.3±12.6% of predicted) had atopic persistent asthma with house dust mite sensitization. The AQLQ(S) has 32 items in four domains: activity limitation, symptoms, emotional functions and environmental stimuli. The response option for each item is on a 7 point scale where 1 indicates the maximum impairment and 7 indicates the absence of impairment. The RSQ includes five item with 5-point scales (up 0=absent to 4= very severe).The SF-36 includes multi-item scales that assess eight health concepts. RESULTSof study showed an insignificant difference (3.7/7vs 4.0/7) in the quality of life (QOL) scores for patients with AIA and atopic asthmatics assessed by AQLQ(S). However rhinitis symptoms were found to be on a higher scale in patients with AIA (average 8.88) than in atopic asthmatics (average5.04), p <0.005.AIA patients had more significantly lower general health perceptions, physical and social functioning as compared with atopic asthmatics.AIA patients had very important problems at work or in other daily activities associated with rhinitis symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AIA have a lower QOL than patients with atopic asthma due to more severe rhinitis.
Increased concentrations of bone sialoprotein in joint fluid after knee injury.
Authors: L S Lohmander, T Saxne, D Heinegard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To detect evidence for localised changes in bone matrix metabolism after joint trauma and in post-traumatic osteoarthritis by quantification of bone sialoprotein in joint fluid and serum after knee injury in a cross sectional study. METHODS: Samples of knee joint fluid and serum were obtained from volunteers with normal knees (n = 19), patients with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament isolated or combined with tear of a meniscus (n = 114), and patients with isolated meniscus lesions (n = 80). Concentrations of bone sialoprotein were determined by ELISA. Concentrations of other markers of joint tissue metabolism in these samples were determined in previous investigations. RESULTS: The median concentrations of bone sialoprotein in joint fluid from healthy volunteers was 122 ng ml-1 (range 41 to 183). Concentrations of bone sialoprotein were increased in both injury groups compared with the reference group (median for cruciate ligament injury 146 ng ml-1, range 72 to 339; median for meniscus injury 166 ng ml-1, range 75 to 376). After injury, bone sialoprotein increased quickly and remained increased for six months. Bone sialoprotein in joint fluid was increased only in samples from joints with normal or nearly normal (fibrillated) cartilage, and was within reference range in joints with radiographic signs of osteoarthritis. Bone sialoprotein concentrations in joints with cruciate ligament injury were positively correlated with levels of aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein fragments, and with levels of stromelysin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. The ratios between the concentrations of bone sialoprotein in joint fluid and serum were &gt; 1 in the majority of the cruciate ligament injury cases. CONCLUSIONS: The release of significant amounts of bone sialoprotein into joint fluid in connection with acute joint trauma may be associated with injury to, and active remodelling of, the cartilage-bone interface and subchondral bone. The findings are consistent with dramatic shifts in cartilage, bone, and synovial metabolism following joint injury. Bone sialoprotein concentrations in synovial fluid may be a useful marker of subchondral injury and remodelling following joint injury.
Spontaneous activity induced in rabbit Purkinje myocytes during coupling to a depolarized model cell
Authors: D Huelsing
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: The development of an "injury current" secondary to heterogeneous ion accumulation and cellular uncoupling across the ischemic border zone has been implicated as a trigger for arrhythmias arising during acute ischemia. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of injury current across the Purkinje–ventricular interface in the development of abnormal automaticity. Methods: Patch clamp and electronic cell coupling techniques were used to record action potentials from and to apply injury current to isolated rabbit Purkinje myocytes. Injury current was dependent upon: (1) a coupling resistance, which was varied to simulate different degrees of cellular uncoupling, and (2) the difference in Purkinje membrane potential and depolarized ischemic myocardium, which was represented by a passive resistor–capacitor circuit with initial voltages of −70, −60, or −50 mV. Results: During coupling to the moderately depolarized cell (−60 or −50 mV), Purkinje myocytes developed repetitive, spontaneous activity within a window of coupling resistances. This abnormal automaticity was dependent upon L-type calcium current, as cadmium or nifedipine completely suppressed coupling-induced spontaneous activity. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that injury current alone can induce spontaneous activity in normal Purkinje myocytes. The level of myocardial depolarization and the degree of cellular uncoupling required to induce this activity suggest spontaneous Purkinje activity induced by injury current as a potent trigger for acute ischemic arrhythmias.
Effects of regional ischaemia, with or without reperfusion, on endothelium dependent coronary relaxation in the dog
Authors: M. J Winn, D. D Ku
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Objective: The aim was to establish whether the duration of coronary ischaemia and coronary ischaemia with reperfusion selectively reduced the magnitude of relaxation mediated by endothelium dependent relaxing factor (EDRF) in response to thrombin, compared with relaxation produced by acetylcholine and calcimycin. Methods: Adult male dogs, anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbitone (30 mg·kg−1 intravenously) were used. Coronary artery occlusions were maintained for either 15 or 45 min; in half the dogs from each timepoint, occlusion was followed by 60 min reperfusion. At the end of each in situ period, coronary arteries were removed from both ischaemic and non-ischaemic regions, cut into rings, and hung in isolated organ baths. Dose-response relationships to the EDRF dependent vasodilators thrombin, acetylcholine, and calcimycin, and to the EDRF independent vasodilator isoprenaline, were then established. Results: Thrombin (0.003-0.3 units.ml−1) caused dose dependent relaxation in all tissues. Relaxant responses (Emax) in the non-ischaemic vessels from both 15 and 45 min treatment groups were used as control data for the responses in ischaemic vessels. Maximum responses were not different in the non-ischaemic groups from either 15 or 45 min studies, at 82.7(SEM 3.7)% after 15 min, and 82.1(2.4)% after 45 min. There was a small but significant reduction in Emax after 15 min and 45 min ischaemia, to 74.4(3.2)% and 74.4(3.0)% respectively. Sixty minutes reperfusion provoked a further reduction in Emax to 64.9(3.8)% after 45 min ischaemia, but not after 15 min ischaemia [70.3(4.2)%]. Neither 15 nor 45 min interventions altered Emax of relaxation to acetylcholine or calcimycin (>88.0% in each group). Similarly there were no significant differences between groups to the relaxation stimulated by isoprenaline (Emax >90.0%). Conclusions: The data suggest that loss of EDRF dependent relaxation to thrombin is more sensitive to ischaemia than the relaxation produced by either acetylcholine or calcimycin, and appears to be manifested early in the onset of ischaemic injury.
Reviews and Notes: Immunology and Rheumatology: Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Richard I. Rynes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 January 1994Reviews and Notes: Immunology and Rheumatology: Dubois' Lupus ErythematosusRichard I. Rynes, MDRichard I. Rynes, MDAlbany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-2-199401150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Dubois' Lupus ErythematosusFourth Edition. Daniel J. Wallace and Bevra Hannahs Hahn; eds. 955 pages. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993. $125.00.The importance of lupus erythematosus exceeds its prevalence because its pathogenesis is relevant to many aspects of immunology and its varied clinical manifestations bring it to mind in the evaluation of patients with many diseases. The fourth edition of Dubois' Lupus Erythematosus, the second book devoted to lupus published in the 1990s, leads us through this complex condition in an informative, educational, and clinically helpful manner.Although the book is multiauthored, extensive contributions from the editors help it to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1994Volume 120, Issue 2Page: 175KeywordsImmunologyLesionsLibrariesLupus erythematosusNephritisPathogenesisPathogensPregnancyRheumatologyScientists ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reduced Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Exposure While Smoking Ultralow- but Not Low-Yield Cigarettes
Authors: Neal L. Benowitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

An unresolved public health issue is whether some modern cigarettes are less hazardous than others and whether patients who cannot stop smoking should be advised to switch to lower-yield cigarettes. We studied "tar" (estimated by urine mutagenicity), nicotine, and carbon monoxide exposure in habitual smokers switched from their usual brand to high- (15 mg of tar), low- (5 mg of tar), or ultralow-yield (1 mg of tar) cigarettes. There were no differences in exposure comparing high- or low-yield cigarettes, but tar and nicotine exposures were reduced by 49% and 56%, respectively, and carbon monoxide exposure by 36% while smoking ultralow-yield cigarettes. Similarly, in 248 subjects smoking their self-selected brand, nicotine intake, estimated by blood concentrations of its metabolite cotinine, was 40% lower in those who smoked ultralow but no different in those smoking higher yields of cigarettes. Our data indicate that ultralow-yield cigarettes do deliver substantial doses of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide, but that exposures are considerably less than for other cigarettes.
Pathologist at centre of row over death of G20 protester faces GMC
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The pathologist whose initial postmortem examination found that Ian Tomlinson, the newspaper seller struck by a police baton at the G20 summit in London in April 2009, had died of a heart attack is facing charges by the General Medical Council of bungling four other autopsies.

Mohmed Saeed Sulema Patel, known as Freddy Patel, is accused of irresponsibility in carrying out postmortem examinations on a 5 year old girl who died after a fall, an elderly woman found at the bottom of stairs, a 4 week old baby, and a woman whose body was found outdoors partially clothed and decomposing. In each case, the GMC alleges, his conduct was not of the standard expected of a registered …
THE RICKETTSIAE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO DISEASE
Authors: S. BURT WOLBACH
Journal: JAMA (1925)

"Rickettsia" is the name given by da Rocha-Lima in 1916 to minute micro-organisms, with certain peculiarities, found in lice. The name, which now covers a large group of micro-organisms in insects, honors the memory of Howard Taylor Ricketts, who first described micro-organisms of this type in studies on Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus fever. It is impossible to formulate a wholly satisfactory definition or characterization of the micro-organisms described as rickettsiae. Already the list is a large one and is composed of three pathogenic and thirty-nine nonpathogenic micro-organisms found in diverse species of insects.<sup>1</sup>It is not probable that all these micro-organisms are closely enough related to be included under a common name with generic or even group significance. It is very doubtful even if the three pathogenic members of this list are closely enough related to one another to warrant a common generic title. I refer now
An unusual day in court
Authors: P. D Donnelly, J. Tombs
Journal: BMJ (2008)

This was clearly not a normal day at Glasgow Sheriff Court.

Four mounted police constables provided a visible presence outside the entrance, while on the River Clyde two more constables cruised slowly up and down on a launch. A police helicopter hovered overhead.

As the young gang members were escorted into the building they were taken through two separate metal detectors before being led, surrounded by police in fluorescent jackets and anti-stab vests, into a courtroom. With rival gangs from all over the East End of Glasgow being brought together it was imperative that police were present in large enough numbers to intervene immediately and decisively should trouble arise. They had to ensure the safety of all in attendance.

The other side of the court was full of representatives of the various agencies who had committed themselves, through Glasgow’s community initiative to reduce violence (CIRV), being launched this week (see News, doi:10.1136/bmj.a2972), to do everything they could to help. Social workers sat with housing experts, criminologists with youth workers, ministers of religion with mothers of victims. All shared a feeling that enough was enough, that the gang violence had to come to an end, and the initiative offered an alternative.

As the sheriff entered all rose. In formal dress and solemn terms he declared his court in session and made it clear that he would brook no nonsense. Some of those young men present will have been before him and his colleagues before. Indeed some on day release from Polmont Young Offenders Institution were led up from the cells to sit guarded in the dock.

All of these young men were here for one purpose: to be told that …
Cellular Inhibitors of Apoptosis cIAP1 and cIAP2 Are Required for Innate Immunity Signaling by the Pattern Recognition Receptors NOD1 and NOD2
Authors: Mathieu J.M. Bertrand, Karine Doiron, Katherine Labbé, Robert G. Korneluk, Philip A. Barker, Maya Saleh
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Number of excess winter deaths is three times as high in coldest homes as in warmest
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Children, teenagers, and elderly people are most affected by cold homes and fuel poverty, concludes a new report written by the team set up to review health inequalities, headed by Michael Marmot.

The report, commissioned by the charity Friends of the Earth, found that excess winter deaths are almost three times higher in the coldest quarter of housing than in the warmest quarter.

The report reviews the existing evidence of the direct and indirect effects on health of living in fuel poverty and cold housing. It found that most excess winter deaths among people in this group are attributable to either cardiovascular diseases (40% of deaths) or respiratory diseases (33%).

Children living in cold homes are more than twice as likely to have respiratory problems as children living in …
Report condemns NHS for infection outbreak in Scotland
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Serious personal and system failures have been blamed for Scotland’s worst outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection, which led to the deaths of 34 people in 2007-8. The report of a five year inquiry into the outbreak at the Vale of Leven Hospital concluded that the number of confirmed deaths was probably an underestimate. Poor record keeping meant that the …
More than 100 000 children in Ethiopia need therapeutic feeding
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Five years after a major reorganisation of England's neonatal services, large and unexplained variations between regions in mortality among neonates still exist, concludes a new report from the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee.England's 178 neonatal care units were ordered in 2003 to reorganise into 23 regional networks.But that reorganisation has failed to address discrepancies between regions; and two regions, Essex and the Northern, have still not formally merged into unified organisations after five years.In 2005 the neonatal mortality rate among babies born at more than 22 weeks' gestation varied from 1.8 deaths per 1000 live births in the Surrey and Sussex region to 4.8 in the South West Midlands.The Conservative MP Edward Leigh, who chairs the Public Accounts Committee, said that the 2003 reorganisation "has had limited effect in reducing regional variations in mortality rates of babies born prematurely or suffering an illness [and] needing specialist care."The Department of Health was unable to confirm whether these discrepancies were due to disparities in care or to demographic factors, he said.Primary care trusts, Mr Leigh added, "need to improve their understanding of the Reorganisation of neonatal service in England fails to iron out regional variation in death rates UK NEWS Regulation of alternative medicine faces more delays, p 1395 WoRld NEWS dutch doctors make advice on suicide available to public, p 1394 bmj.com Germany promises protection to hospital doctors over longer working hours
Clonal T cells of pure red-cell aplasia
Authors: Michihiko Masuda, Masanao Teramura, Akira Matsuda, Masami Bessho, Takashi Shimamoto, Kazuma Ohyashiki, Mitsuhiro Omine, Toshiko Motoji, Hideaki Mizoguchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

This study detected clonal T cells in patients with acquired pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) by Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twenty-nine adult patients with acquired PRCA were enrolled in this study. Seventeen patients had primary acquired PRCA, while 12 patients had the secondary form. Twenty-two of 29 (76%) patients demonstrated TCR rearrangement by at least one method. We divided the patients into three groups depending on T-cell clonality. The CD4/8 ratio of patients who were positive on Southern blotting was significantly lower than that of other groups. Except for the CD4/8 ratio, other laboratory findings did not significantly differ among the three groups. The CD4/8 ratio should be a useful surrogate marker to detect T-cell clonality.