tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Cell Markers and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: P.E. Morange, C. Simon, M.C. Alessi, G. Luc, D. Arveiler, J. Ferrieres, P. Amouyel, A. Evans, P. Ducimetiere, I. Juhan-Vague
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and thrombomodulin (TM) are 3 major hemostatic regulatory molecules synthesized by endothelium. Data from epidemiological studies aiming to evaluate the relation between plasma levels of these molecules and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) are sparse or contradictory. Methods and Results— We examined the association between these endothelial-cell markers and the incidence of fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction (hard CHD) and stable or unstable angina (angina pectoris) in a prospective cohort (the PRIME Study) of nearly 10 000 healthy men recruited in France and Northern Ireland. We measured baseline plasma concentration of the free form of TFPI (f-TFPI), vWF, and the soluble form of TM (sTM) among 296 participants who subsequently developed CHD over the 5-year follow-up (158 with hard CHD and 142 with angina pectoris) and in 563 control subjects by use of a nested case-control design. Individuals with plasma vWF levels in the highest quartile showed a 3.04-fold increase in the risk of hard CHD compared with those in the lowest quartile (95% CI, 1.59 to 5.80). Individuals with f-TFPI levels below the 10th percentile had a 2.13-fold increased risk of hard CHD compared with those with levels above it (95% CI, 1.08 to 4.18). The risk for both molecules persisted after control for inflammatory parameters. Individuals with vWF levels in the highest quartile and f-TFPI levels below the 10th percentile presented a 6.9-fold increased risk of hard CHD compared with those with vWF levels in the lowest quartile and f-TFPI levels above the 10th percentile (95% CI, 1.3 to 37.8). Conclusions— vWF and f-TFPI plasma levels were independent risk factors for hard CHD events.
Reversing the Hemoglobin Switch
Authors: Vijay G. Sankaran, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Natural observations can often provide important clues for how therapies can be developed to ameliorate disease. Disorders of β-hemoglobin, including sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, are good examples of this maxim, since a variety of clinical observations have shown that increased levels of fetal hemoglobin can ameliorate the severity of these diseases. This observation has led to the decades-long hunt for strategies to increase the expression of fetal hemoglobin in a targeted manner. There has been some success in developing drugs to achieve such increased expression of fetal hemoglobin for therapeutic benefit, as exemplified by the use of hydroxyurea. However, . . .
Smoking and the Heart
Authors: Sharon Parmet
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Smoking and the Heart Most people know that smoking is bad for your lungs and can cause cancer.However, fewer may be aware of the effects of smoking on the heart and the circulatory system-the arteries and veins that carry the blood throughout the body.The May 7, 2008, issue of JAMA includes an article reporting that quitting greatly reduces the excess death rates due to smoking in women.This Patient Page is based on one published in the July 2, 2003, issue of JAMA.
Legal and Ethical Responsibilities Following Brain Death: The McMath and Muñoz Cases
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antiatherogenic Effect of Pioglitazone in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Irrespective of the Responsiveness to Its Antidiabetic Effect
Authors: Noriko Satoh, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Takeshi Usui, Tetsuya Tagami, Shigeo Kono, Hiroko Uesugi, Hiroyuki Sugiyama, Akira Sugawara, Kazunori Yamada, Akira Shimatsu, Hideshi Kuzuya, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a class of insulin-sensitizing agents used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes, are also antiatherogenic. This study was designed to elucidate the relationship between the antiatherogenic and antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone, a TZD, in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 136 Japanese type 2 diabetic patients were included and divided into two groups: the pioglitazone-treated group (30 mg daily for 3 months) (n = 70) and the untreated control group (n = 66). The changes in glycolipid metabolism as well as plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, adiponectin, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were monitored to analyze the relationship between the antiatherogenic and antidiabetic effects of pioglitazone. RESULTS—The pioglitazone treatment significantly reduced hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and HbA1c levels and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations relative to the control group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). It also significantly decreased CRP and PWV (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The antiatherogenic effect was observed in both the nonresponders showing &amp;lt;1% of reduction in HbA1c (n = 30) and responders showing &amp;gt;1% of reduction (n = 40). ANCOVA revealed that treatment with pioglitazone was associated with a low CRP and PWV, independent of the changes in parameters related to glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS—This study represents the first demonstration of the antiatherogenic effect of pioglitazone in both nonresponders and responders with respect to its antidiabetic effect and suggests that pioglitazone can exert its antiatherogenic effect independently of its antidiabetic effect.
Human mature T cells that are anergic in vivo prevail in SCID mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood.
Authors: M Tary-Lehmann, A Saxon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

In these studies we have characterized the human cells that repopulate severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice after injection of adult peripheral blood or cord blood (hu-PBL-SCID mice). In all organs of the chimeras, and at any time point tested, single-positive (CD4+ or CD8+) T cells that expressed the alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) prevailed. All T cells were CD45RO+ and the majority were also HLA-DR+. Thus, the human T cells in the chimeras exhibited the phenotype of mature, memory cells that showed signs of recent activation. Cell cycle studies revealed a mitotically active human T cell population in the murine host. However, when freshly isolated from the chimeras, the human T cells were refractory to stimulation by anti-CD3 antibody but proliferated in response to exogenous interleukin 2. Chimera-derived human T cell lines retained this state of unresponsiveness to TCR-triggered proliferation for 4-6 wk in vitro. Subsequently, the T cell lines developed responses to anti-CD3 stimulation and 9 of 11 of the lines also proliferated in response to splenic stimulator cells of SCID mice. These data demonstrate that the human T cells are in a state of reversible anergy in the murine host and that xenoreactivity might play a critical role in hu-PBL-SCID mice. Mechanisms that may determine repopulation of SCID mice with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are discussed.
Analysis of AAV Serotypes 1–9 Mediated Gene Expression and Tropism in Mice After Systemic Injection
Authors: Carmela Zincarelli, Stephen Soltys, Giuseppe Rengo, Joseph E Rabinowitz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

This study examines transgene expression and biodistribution of adeno-associated virus (AAV) pseudotyped 1–9 after tail vein (TV) injection in male mice. Using a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-luciferase transgene, the time-course of expression in each animal was tracked throughout the experiment. The animals were imaged at 7, 14, 29, 56, and 100 days after the TV injection. The total number of photons emitted from each animal was recorded, allowing examination of expression level and kinetics for each pseudotyped virus. The bioluminescence imaging revealed three expression levels (i) low-expression group, AAV2, 3, 4, and 5; (ii) moderate-expression group, AAV1, 6, and 8; and (iii) high-expression group, AAV7 and 9. In addition, imaging revealed two classes of kinetics (i) rapid-onset, for AAV1, 6, 7, 8, and 9; and (ii) slow-onset, for AAV2, 3, 4, and 5. We next evaluated protein expression and viral genome copy numbers in dissected tissues. AAV9 had the best viral genome distribution and highest protein levels. The AAV7 protein and genome copy numbers were comparable to those of AAV9 in the liver. Most surprisingly, AAV4 showed the greatest number of genome copies in lung and kidney, and a high copy number in the heart. AAV6 expression was observed in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle, and the genome distribution corroborated these observations. This study examines transgene expression and biodistribution of adeno-associated virus (AAV) pseudotyped 1–9 after tail vein (TV) injection in male mice. Using a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-luciferase transgene, the time-course of expression in each animal was tracked throughout the experiment. The animals were imaged at 7, 14, 29, 56, and 100 days after the TV injection. The total number of photons emitted from each animal was recorded, allowing examination of expression level and kinetics for each pseudotyped virus. The bioluminescence imaging revealed three expression levels (i) low-expression group, AAV2, 3, 4, and 5; (ii) moderate-expression group, AAV1, 6, and 8; and (iii) high-expression group, AAV7 and 9. In addition, imaging revealed two classes of kinetics (i) rapid-onset, for AAV1, 6, 7, 8, and 9; and (ii) slow-onset, for AAV2, 3, 4, and 5. We next evaluated protein expression and viral genome copy numbers in dissected tissues. AAV9 had the best viral genome distribution and highest protein levels. The AAV7 protein and genome copy numbers were comparable to those of AAV9 in the liver. Most surprisingly, AAV4 showed the greatest number of genome copies in lung and kidney, and a high copy number in the heart. AAV6 expression was observed in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscle, and the genome distribution corroborated these observations.
Regulation of erythrocyte lifespan: do reactive oxygen species set the clock?
Authors: Shilpa M. Hattangadi, Harvey F. Lodish
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The forkhead box O (Foxo) subfamily of transcription factors regulates expression of genes important for many cellular processes, ranging from initiation of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis to induction of DNA damage repair. Invertebrate Foxo orthologs such as DAF-16 also regulate longevity. Cellular responses inducing resistance to ROS are important for cellular survival and organism lifespan, but until recently, mammalian factors regulating resistance to oxidative stress have not been well characterized. Marinkovic and colleagues demonstrate in this issue of the JCI that Foxo3 is specifically required for induction of proteins that regulate the in vivo oxidative stress response in murine erythrocytes (see the related article beginning on page 2133). Their work offers the interesting hypothesis that in so doing, Foxo3 may regulate the lifespan of red blood cells, and underlies the importance of understanding the direct targets of this transcription factor and its regulation.
Evidence based screening for Down's syndrome
Authors: S. Raeburn
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 606 

An important lesson in all medicine, but particularly illustrated in screening programmes, is the continued need to review and audit. Serum screening for Down's syndrome, introduced by many health authorities in the past decade, 1–3 is a good example. The original demonstration projects compared the detection rate when Down's syndrome was identified after serum screening with earlier data derived from screening targeted towards pregnancies in older women.2 Howe et al from Southampton now challenge some of the assumptions (see p 606).4 They found that the Down's syndrome detection rate in one Southampton maternity hospital averaged 68% (and at least 41% in the pregnancies of women aged less than 35), without using serum screening. The higher detection rate without serum studies undermines the cost benefit arguments for such screening and raises questions about what to do next.

One reason for this higher than expected detection rate is a change in the age distribution of pregnant women. In the Southampton …
The frontal chest film as a method of suspecting transposition complexes.
Authors: I L Tonkin, M J Kelley, P R Bream, L P Elliott
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The frontal chest film as a means of suspecting transposition complexes is discussed. The first step is recognizing the normal relationships formed by the ascending aorta, an aortic knob-descending aorta, and pulmonary trunk. The concept of which ventricle is connected to which atrium is developed--the terms ventricular noninversion and inversion being utilized. Frontal chest film signs of transposition are summarized as follows: 1) in the majority of transposition complexes, absence of the pulmonary trunk is the premier sign; 2) patients with ventricular noninversion tend to show the ascending aorta and aortic knob-descending aorta in normal position. Patients with ventricular inversion usually show absence of all three great artery relationships. 3) In ventricular inversion, the left heart border shows a septal notch or a diffuse convex bulge (two ventricles), or a discrete bulge high up on the left border (single ventricle).
Role of beta 1-receptors and vagal tone in cardiac inotropic and chronotropic responses to a beta 2-agonist in humans.
Authors: M A Levine, F H Leenen
Journal: Circulation (1989)

To assess the contribution of cardiac beta 2-receptors in the cardiac inotropic and chronotropic responses to a beta 2 agonist, terbutaline was infused (0.2 and 0.4 micrograms/kg/min), alone or after pretreatment with either oral atenolol 50 mg or atropine 0.04 mg/kg i.v. or both in six healthy subjects with a multiple crossover design. Terbutaline 0.2 micrograms/kg/min increased heart rate by 15 +/- 2 beats/min, and this response doubled (to 29 +/- 3 beats/min) when the terbutaline infusion followed atropine pretreatment, whereas atenolol pretreatment had no significant effect. Heart rate increased by 44 +/- 2 beats/min in response to terbutaline 0.4 micrograms/kg/min. This response was not affected by atropine. Pretreatment with atenolol diminished the chronotropic response to the higher dose of terbutaline to 27 +/- 4 beats/min. The inotropic response (i.e., changes in pressure: volume ratio) to terbutaline 0.2 micrograms/kg/min was potentiated by atropine (from 1.6 +/- 0.3 to 3.4 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/ml), whereas atenolol pretreatment had no effect. At the higher dose of terbutaline, atropine pretreatment had no additional effect, whereas atenolol decreased the rise in pressure: volume ratio from 6.0 +/- 1.4 to 2.6 +/- 1.0 mm Hg/ml. The results with atenolol pretreatment indicate that cardiac beta 1 responses are associated with the higher dose of terbutaline, either through direct beta 1 stimulation or indirectly from presynaptic beta 2 activity. The atropine data show that vagal tone actually increased during the terbutaline infusions, blunting the cardiac effects. The results of the present study support the existence of functional chronotropic, as well as inotropic, beta 2 receptors in the healthy human heart.
Glycogen-Storage Disease of the Myocardium with Obstruction to Left Ventricular Outflow
Authors: KATHRYN H. EHLERS, JACK W. C. HAGSTROM, DANIEL S. LUKAS, S. FRANK REDO, MARY ALLEN ENGLE
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A case of glycogen-storage disease of the myocardium with the clinical and hemodynamic picture of left ventricular outlet obstruction was presented. The concept of muscular subaortic stenosis is discussed and the diagnostic features are reviewed. In a survey of the literature 53 cases of cardiac-type glycogen-storage disease were found. The criteria for diagnosis, sex incidence, familial occurrence, symptomatology and physical signs, and laboratory studies including roentgenograms of the chest, electrocardiogram and muscle biopsy are discussed.
Too Few Physicians—Hardly.
Authors: A. W. McAlester
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —An article has been going the rounds of the daily press, purporting to be an interview with me, bewailing the prospective scarcity of physicians. No such interview was ever held. The only grounds that could ever have existed for such an article was that while I was talking to another physician, I congratulated the people that good, yes, first-class medical schools would have fewer graduates owing to the fact that preliminary requirements and the standard of teaching had increased to such an extent that numbers would not rush to these colleges as had been, the case before the rise in requirements. It is quality and not quantity that is needed. I have stood for quality all my life. I endorse the sentiment in your editorial.<sup>1</sup>"Too few physicians? Hardly." Yours truly,
SHOULD WE ABANDON CARDIA RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WHO HAVE EXTENSIVE POSTERO LATERAL SCAR ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: A META ANALYSIS
Authors: Amin Daoulah, Alawi Alsheikh-Ali, Amir Lotfi, Ali Ahmed Haneef, Adnan Fathey, Ejazul Haq, Faris Al Mousily
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Intraparenchymal Perirenal Pseudocyst Following Trauma
Authors: PETER W. BLUE, KENNETH J. RATAJCZAK, NASSER GHAED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Perirenal pseudocyst (urinoma) is an extravasated collection of urine usually resulting from trauma. The unusual occurrence of the intrarenal location of a pseudocyst is herein first reported.
Marriage guidance counsellors
Authors: J. Carne, A. Dell, S Swirsky, G. D Yudkin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

level prevailing in Canada, together with a large capital sum to compensate for the years of underspending in building and equipment.Obviously this is economically not feasible.Though I would welcome in theory a fee- for-service method of remuneration, the problems of its implementation within the NHS are such that each unit of service would be so priced by our political masters that the global remuneration of general practitioners would not increase and the level of bureau- cratic interference and paper work would become extremely onerous.Incidentally, when explaining to Canadian colleagues the method of remuneration of NHS general practitioners they thought that a system combining part capitation, part expense reimbursement, and part fee-for-service was absolutely crazy.But they were extremely envious of our inflationproof pension scheme.
Tachycardia and Hemolysis With Cephalothin
Authors: Richard A. Kaslow
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of a patient with tachycardia and hemolysis following administration of cephalothin sodium (221:593, 1972) prompts me to offer the following addition to the clinical spectrum of this phenomenon. Several months apart in two older women with myelogenous leukemia and fever, slow intravenous infusion of cephalothin sodium (Keflin) was reversibly associated with episodes of supraventricular tachycardia of 160 to 180 beats per minute. Both women had been ill for many weeks: one had an uncertain history of allergy to several drugs; the other had been treated with cytotoxic agents and had apparently experienced allergic transfusion reactions. Neither demonstrated overt hemolysis, nor was either in heart failure. The striking aspect of the infusionrelated tachycardia was its momentary reversibility and its momentary reproducibility. Each patient had been receiving the antibiotic in the regularly prescribed fashion for several days prior to the occurrence of tachycardia. In retrospect, one of
BROMID ERUPTION DUE TO BROMOSELTZER
Authors: J. FRANK WAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Quite a large number of drugs may produce a rash on the skin of susceptible persons. In this group the bromids not infrequently produce lesions of various types. Papules and pustules of acneiform type, macules, furuncles, wheals and ulcers have all been produced by potassium sodium, lithium and ammonium bromids. The usual form of eruption is of an acne type, composed of large, discrete, indolent, purplish red papules and pustules situated on the face, shoulders and back. In some cases of mild type it resembles quite closely an ordinary acne; in other cases the lesions are larger and have a tendency to coalesce and form small to large coin-size lesions, the surface of which is studded with dilated, follicular openings filled with pus. In very serious cases larger patches are present, dark purplish brown, more or less crusted, occasionally ulcerated, and usually nonpainful. Papilliform and fungoid lesions resembling, to some
Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphic Assessment of Myocardial Sympathetic Innervation in Patients With Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy
Authors: Masao Tanaka, Minoru Hongo, Osamu Kinoshita, Yasuki Takabayashi, Tadashige Fujii, Yoshikazu Yazaki, Mitsuaki Isobe, Morie Sekiguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)