tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3819: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) is an important marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marni Stott-Miller, John Houck, Pawadee Lohavanichbutr, Stephen M. Schwartz, Melissa P. Upton, Chu Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The matrix metalloproteinase genes have frequently been identified as important in cancer development and progression, including in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). These proteases are believed to cause degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membranes and therefore to play a key role in tumor metastasis, cell migration, cancer cell growth, and angiogenesis. We compared MMP1 expression levels in primary OSCC (n=119) with expression levels in normal oral epithelium from control subjects (n=35), as measured by Affymetrix U133 2.0 Plus GeneChip arrays, adjusting for age and sex. MMP1 was expressed more than 200-fold higher in OSCC compared with normal control epithelium. qRT-PCR results on 30 of the cases and 22 of the controls confirmed the substantial differential expression of MMP1, with a difference in mean threshold cycle (Ct) value for cases versus controls of 9.85 (95% CI, 8.74-10.97, p&amp;lt;0.001). In an independent testing set of 48 OSCC tissue samples and 10 control samples, MMP1 had exceptional discriminatory power to separate cases from controls (AUC=100%). This result was further validated in an external data set from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; GSE6791) of 42 OSCC cases and 14 controls (AUC=98.4%; 95% CI, 95.6%-100%). The mean of the log2 MMP1 expression levels on the Affymetrix arrays for 45 normal oral epithelium was 3.49 (95% CI, 3.21-3.78), 17 dysplasia tissue samples had mean expression of 6.69 (95% CI, 5.21-8.17), 108 stage T1/T2 cases had a mean of 10.93 (95% CI,10.49-11.37), and the mean of 57 stage T3/T4 cases was 11.38 (95% CI,10.81-11.95). These results suggest that MMP1 is increasingly dysregulated during the process of oral carcinogenesis. The capacity of MMP1 to identify OSCC provides support for further investigation into this enzyme as a potential marker for OSCC development and/or progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3819
C9-02: Lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with extended resection of the hear. Great vessels in the treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. A report of 1049 cases
Authors: Qinghua Zhou, Jun Chen, Daxing Zhu, Lunxu Liu, Bin Liu, Yun Wang, Xiaofeng Chen, Junjie Yang, Jianjun Qin, Guowei Che, Zhenhua Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
John Richard Findley
Authors: L. J. Findley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The presentation of syphilitic aortitis is often atypical and available serological tests are non-specific. The diagnostic gold standard remains direct identification of microorganisms in tissue. We present a case of syphilitic aortitis that presented as a mediastinal mass and report the use of polymerase chain reaction for <i>Treponema pallidum</i> to diagnose syphilitic aortic disease.
Induction of IgG antibodies against GD3 ganglioside in rabbits by an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody.
Authors: P B Chapman, A N Houghton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Anti-idiotypic MAb were raised in syngeneic mice against a mouse MAb recognizing GD3 ganglioside (MAb R24). Two anti-idiotypic MAb, designated BEC2 and BEC3, recognized distinct determinants on MAb R24 that mapped near or within the GD3-binding site. New Zealand white rabbits, which express GD3 on normal tissues, were immunized with either BEC2, BEC3, or control MAb FLOPC-21. All rabbits developed high and equivalent titers of antibodies against mouse immunoglobulins. Immunization with BEC2 and BEC3 induced rabbit antibodies expressing R24 idiotype as demonstrated by their ability to inhibit BEC2 binding to R24. Antibodies (IgG and IgM) reacting with GD3 developed in five of eight rabbits immunized with BEC2 but not in rabbits immunized with BEC3 or with control MAb. Serum antibodies against GD3 did not cross-react with other gangliosides. These results show that MAb BEC2 can mimic GD3 ganglioside and can induce antibodies against GD3 ganglioside despite expression of GD3 on normal rabbit tissue.
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF GALECTIN-3 AND NT-PROBNP IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Christoph Liebetrau, Luise Gaede, Sebastian Wolter, Jedrzej Hoffmann, Christian Troidl, Oliver Dörr, Won K. Kim, Thomas Walther, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef, Helge Möllmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Use of Throat Cultures
Authors: James A. Kangos
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was disheartened by the report by Holmberg and Faich<sup>1</sup>showing that 40% of the primary care physicians surveyed in Rhode Island in 1980 continued antibiotic therapy for ten days despite the presence of a negative streptococcal culture. However, I was further dismayed by their conclusion that casts doubt on the value of examining a patient for streptococcal pharyngitis and treating that person when the culture is positive. While the incidence of rheumatic fever is indeed dropping and quite low at this time, exact reasons for this are unclear. The implication that it would be better to treat all sore throats with penicillin or to treat none at all does not seem rational. Rather, it seems clear that a large number of primary care physicians in Rhode Island (and most likely elsewhere also) need to be educated in the proper management of pharyngitis. While not proper,
Creation of the Physician-Patient Relationship
Authors: Angela Roddey Holder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

CREATION of the physician-patient relationship is a matter of ordinary contract law in most circumstances. An "express" contract will be held to exist when a patient seeks out a physician and asks him to treat a specific ailment, and the physician agrees to do so. An "implied" contract, in law, is one that arises from the actions of the parties and not from a verbal agreement. It may arise between a physician and patient under many circumstances. Since a physician owes no duty of careful treatment to an individual who is not his patient, many court decisions involve attempts to determine whether or not an implied contract did in fact exist. <h3>Implied Contracts</h3> A typical example of a situation where a patient claimed that a given physician was, in fact, responsible for her care and the physician denied he had ever intended to undertake responsibility for her treatment was<i>Smart</i>
Abstract 4681: The use of patient derived malignant effusions as <i>in vitro</i> models for a personalized healthcare-approach in anticancer therapy
Authors: Christian Ruiz, Tatjana Vlajnic, Leila Arabi, Sina Wyttenbach, Betty Baschiera, Sacha Rothschild, Stefan Kustermann, Alfred Zippelius, Adrian Roth, Lukas Bubendorf
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background The use of patients' own cancer cells for in vitro selection of the most promising treatment is an attractive concept in personalized medicine. Human carcinoma cells from malignant effusions (MEs) are well suited for this purpose since they have already adapted to the liquid environment in the patient and are not enclosed by stromal cell compartments. Aim of this study was the establishment of a consistent approach for the in-vitro ex-vivo culture of MEs and the comprehensive analysis of the effect of chemotherapeutic as well as targeted drugs. Methods MEs from patients with lung or breast cancer were selected for this study. After morphological and molecular characterization, epithelial cells were cultured in cell culture medium supplemented with 30% of patient derived sterile filtered effusion supernatant. Growth characteristics were monitored in real-time using the xCelligence system. MEs were treated with targeted therapeutics according to their genomic profile or with chemotherapeutics based on the recommendation by the oncologist. Results We have developed a reliable system for the ex-vivo culture of MEs and the application of drug tests in-vitro. The use of an enrichment system for epithelial cells allowed for culturing of effusions with only moderate tumor cell content. Experiments using drugs revealed dose-dependent effects and specific growth inhibitory effects of targeted therapeutics, such as Crizotinib and Erlotinib. Conclusions In this study, we show that cancer cells from patient derived MEs can be cultured and treated in-vitro. Based on our developed setup, these MEs can be genomically characterized by whole genome approaches in order to identify genomic vulnerabilities and then subjected to growth tests by using the respective targeted drugs. This approach could be an important step towards personalized healthcare, at least for patients with malignant effusions. Citation Format: Christian Ruiz, Tatjana Vlajnic, Leila Arabi, Sina Wyttenbach, Betty Baschiera, Sacha Rothschild, Stefan Kustermann, Alfred Zippelius, Adrian Roth, Lukas Bubendorf. The use of patient derived malignant effusions as in vitro models for a personalized healthcare-approach in anticancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4681. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4681
The year was 1941
Authors: S. E G Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

“Oh,” cried my mother illogically, “if only Daddy was here he would know what to do.” I say illogically because my father, a prosperous Scottish general practitioner, had been killed by a landmine while he was manning his first aid post.

My mother's problem was selling the practice. All the young doctors were away at the war, and only one offer was made from a doctor already in the town, one that my mother considered inadequate. “I'll just not sell the practice at all. I can't let …
Tissue-specific differentiation of a circulating CCR9− pDC-like common dendritic cell precursor
Authors: Andreas Schlitzer, Alexander F. Heiseke, Henrik Einwächter, Wolfgang Reindl, Matthias Schiemann, Calin-Petru Manta, Peter See, Jan-Hendrik Niess, Tobias Suter, Florent Ginhoux, Anne B. Krug
Journal: Blood (2012)
Electrocardiographic chest wall mapping in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Authors: A M Salmasi, A N Nicolaides, R J Vecht, W G Hendry, S N Salmasi, E P Nicolaides, P H Kidner, E M Besterman
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Chest wall mapping of ST segment changes, inverted U waves, and Q waves using 16 electrocardiographic electrodes was performed at rest and during and after bicycle ergometry in 150 patients presenting with chest pain suggestive of angina. All patients underwent coronary angiography. The presence or absence of appreciable coronary artery disease (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis) was detected with a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 88%. The identification of lesions in individual coronary arteries was also possible with a sensitivity and specificity of 87% and 85% respectively for the territory of the left anterior descending and diagonal artery, 71% and 85% respectively for the right coronary artery, and 85% and 80% respectively for the circumflex artery. This test appears to be a reliable non-invasive screening method for selecting patients for angiography.
Fluorescence <i>in Situ</i> Hybridization Testing Algorithm Improves Lung Cancer Detection in Bronchial Brushing Specimens
Authors: Jesse S. Voss, Benjamin R. Kipp, Kevin C. Halling, Michael R. Henry, James R. Jett, Amy C. Clayton, Otis B. Rickman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Bronchoscopically collected cytology specimens are commonly used to obtain a diagnosis of cancer in patients with pulmonary lesions. However, the sensitivity of cytology is suboptimal, especially for peripheral lesions less than 2 cm in diameter.We assessed the performance of a testing algorithm using cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as part of clinical practice.Bronchial brushing specimens (n = 343) were obtained from patients undergoing bronchoscopy for indeterminate pulmonary lesions. Routine cytology was performed and specimens without a positive diagnosis (n = 294) were analyzed by FISH, using residual brushing material. Pathology-confirmed lung cancer or clinical/radiographic evidence of disease was considered diagnostic of malignancy.Routine cytology had a sensitivity and specificity of 41% (23 of 56) and 100% (45 of 45) for central lesions and 20% (26 of 133) and 100% (109 of 109) for peripheral nodules, respectively. FISH detected an additional 32% of lung cancers (18 central and 43 peripheral) not detectable by cytology alone, while producing false positive diagnoses in 22% (10 of 45) and 6% (6 of 109) benign central and peripheral lesions, respectively. In peripheral nodules, FISH detected (relative to routine cytology) an additional 44% (15 of 34) and 28% (25 of 91) of lung cancers less than 2 cm and 2 cm or more in size, respectively. A positive FISH result had a likelihood ratio of 1.45 and 5.87 for central and peripheral lesions and 3.44 and 15.38 for peripheral nodules less than 2 cm and 2 cm or more in size, respectively.FISH testing significantly increases the detection of lung cancer over routine cytology alone. It is especially useful for peripheral nodules.
Delivering safe health care
Authors: P. Barach, F. Moss
Journal: BMJ (2001)

See advertisement in clinical research edition (facing p 610), general practice edition (facing p 623), and other editions (facing p 583) 

One fundamental guarantee that we cannot give our patients is that faults and errors in the healthcare system won't harm them. Of course, health care is by its nature risky. Not everyone undergoing surgery for an aortic aneurysm survives. Many interventions carry risks. But these risks are mostly small and usually quantifiable. Ideally, patients understand the possible risks and benefits before choosing to undergo a procedure. For some patients these are difficult decisions. Though doctors may discuss risks of treatment, they do not speak about risks of harm from the system—or even about such harm when it occurs.

Recent studies in the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom and reports from the US Institute of Medicine and the UK Department of Health have drawn attention to the chronic “unsafeness” of health systems worldwide.1-7 This attention is not new. What is new is that preventable, iatrogenic injuries are being quantified and …
The Dead Donor Rule and the Concept of Death: Severing the Ties That Bind Them
Authors: Elysa R. Koppelman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

One goal of the transplant community is to seek ways to increase the number of people who are willing and able to donate organs. People in states between life and death are often medically excellent candidates for donating organs. Yet public policy surrounding organ procurement is a delicate matter. While there is the utilitarian goal of increasing organ supply, there is also the deontologic concern about respect for persons. Public policy must properly mediate between these two concerns. Currently the dead donor (dd) rule is appealed to as an attempt at such mediation. I argue that given the lack of consensus on a definition of death, the dd rule is no longer successful at mediating utilitarian and deontologic concerns. I suggest instead that focusing on a particular person's history can be successful.
The Role of the Tumor Board In a Community Hospital
Authors: G. E. Gross
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1987)

A hospital tumor board is a multidisciplinary group of physicians that meets on a regular basis to review cancer cases. Through regular meetings, the tumor board will improve the quality of cancer care, provide educational opportunities for participants, and become an asset to the hospital and to the community. The use of multidisciplinary tumor-board consultations can ensure that the cancer patient has access to the best current thinking about cancer management. This structure provides the individual practitioner and his hospital with the educational, quality assurance, and legal mechanisms to deliver state-of-the-art care.
Inotropic Therapy for Heart Failure
Authors: Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Looking back reveals how the direction of therapy for heart failure has changed since the inception of the first large clinical trial of vesnarinone, an inotropic agent, in April 1990. At that time, many investigators remained interested in the concept of heart failure as a defect that could be remedied by drugs that enhanced cardiac contractility.1 Intravenous dopamine and dobutamine were widely used to increase cardiac output with less chronotropy and fewer arrhythmias than the more potent adrenergic agonists isoproterenol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Even though excess mortality was found with long-term outpatient infusions of dobutamine and the oral sympathomimetic amines . . .
The age of the common ancestor of eukaryotes and prokaryotes: statistical inferences
Authors: X. Gu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

In this paper, a simple distance measure was used to estimate the age (T) of the common ancestor of eukaryotes and prokaryotes which takes the rate variation among sites and the pattern of amino acid substitutions into account. Our new estimate of T based on Doolittle et al.'s data is about 2.5 billion years ago (Ga), with 95% confidence interval from 2.1 to 2.9 Ga. This result indicates (1) that Doolittle et al.'s estimate (approximately 2.0 Ga) seems too recent, and (2) that the traditional view about the divergence time between eukaryotes and prokaryotes (T0 = 3.5 Ga) can be rejected at the 0.1% significance level.
Throwing the normative baby out with the prescriptivist bathwater
Authors: Theodora Achourioti, Andrew Fugard, Keith Stenning
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract It is neither desirable nor possible to eliminate normative concerns from the psychology of reasoning. Norms define the most fundamental psychological questions: What are people trying to do, and how? Even if no one system of reasoning can be the norm, pure descriptivism is as undesirable and unobtainable in the psychology of reasoning as elsewhere in science.
Effects of early reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction on arrhythmias induced by programmed stimulation: A prospective, randomized study
Authors: Ivo E. Kersschot, Pedro Brugada, Mercedes Ramentol, Manfred Zehender, Bernd Waldecker, William G. Stevenson, Annette Geibel, Chris De Zwaan, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Waiting Time for Breast Conserving Surgery Patients in a Public and a Private University Affiliated Hospital in Atlanta.
Authors: M. Mosunjac, J. Park, A. Strauss, G. Birdsong, V. Du, M. Rizzo, J. Okoli, H. Bumpers, S. Gabram-Mendola
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The time it takes for a patient to undergo the entire breast cancer pathway treatment varies for diverse patient populations in different health care settings. In this study we analyzed delay in breast cancer treatment (DBCT) for a defined population of breast cancer patients. All of the patients had identical cancer care trajectories of breast-conserving therapy (BCT) for infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), followed by neo-adjuvant therapy in two different hospital settings; including a University-based inner-city hospital and a University-affiliated private practice hospital.Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review of 214 patients treated from 2004 to 2008 was conducted. Five consecutive diagnostic and treatment events in a total of four time intervals (see Figure 1 below) were defined and correlated with demographic factors such as age, race, marital status, distance traveled to visit, insurance status type, and hospital type. Non-parametric Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test was used for statistical analysis.Results: The mean ages of the patients in both hospitals were similar (59.2 yrs public hospital vs. 61.9 yrs private hospital). Patients treated in the public hospital experienced greater DBCT compared to patients who were treated in the private institution (125 vs. 88 days, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Overall, the largest delay was the time period from diagnostic core biopsy to surgery (50 days). The only time interval that showed greater delay for African-American (AA) women compared to Caucasian women was time from final pathology diagnosis to medical oncology evaluations (26 vs. 33 days, p=0.036). Patients who were married or insured experienced less DBCT compared to patients who were not (80 vs. 117 days and 83.3 vs.167 days respectively, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Medicaid patients had shorter wait times in the public compared to in the private hospital (136 vs. 153 days, ns). Patients who experienced less than 90 days of delay to undergo the entire treatment traveled an average 27.3 miles (sd=76.6) for their hospital visit, while patients who experienced greater than 90 days of delay to undergo the same treatment traveled an average 14.2 miles (sd=19.9) for their hospital visit.Discussion: Differences in DBCT are multi-factorial and arise from system-based issues that vary among hospital settings along with demographic factors such as marital status and race that are independent of the hospital setting. More effective scheduling for surgical treatment and follow up appointments may reduce the wait time. In order to significantly shorten DBCT further, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the intricate connection of psychosocial and system barriers to breast cancer treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3070.
THE ROLE OF l-METHIONINE IN VIRUS PROPAGATION
Authors: W. W. Ackermann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

dl-Methoxinine and dl-ethionine prevent the propagation of influenza PR8 virus in a medium ordinarily favorable. The inhibitors do not act by destroying the virus, the host tissue, or by preventing the infection of the cells, but by interfering with the synthesis of the virus. The action of the inhibitors can be blocked by l-methionine. l-Methionine is involved in the biosynthesis of influenza PR8 virus.
Book: Dr Simon Forman, a most notorious physician
Authors: D. Burch
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Judith Cook Vintage, £7.99, pp 228 ISBN 0 09 928962 8 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> Born on the last day of 1552, Simon Forman worked his way up, without the benefit of much formal education, to become a successful and well known London physician. His physic was a blend of astrology, botched anatomy, and physiology, and a polypharmacy, which from a modern perspective seems a hopeful cross between herbalism and witchcraft. Hardworking, earnest about his profession, and astute in his practice, he was … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
The relief of bone pain in primary biliary cirrhosis with calcium infusions
Authors: A. B. Ajdukiewicz, J. E. Agnew, P. D. Byers, M. R. Wills, S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1974)

Intravenous calcium infusions produced subjective relief of bone pain in 14 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. The bone pain had developed despite long-term parenteral vitamin D therapy. The pain returned after two to three months, but a subsequent course of infusions again brought relief. Before treatment satisfactory iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained in 11 of the patients and were normal in seven; two patients had biopsies indicating osteomalacia and two osteoporosis. After treatment a repeat biopsy in one of the patients with osteomalacia showed marked reduction in osteoid. The infusion treatment produced no change in plasma calcium concentration, serum phosphate, or serum alkaline phosphatase. Absorption of oral calcium was also unchanged.