tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Genetic Defect in the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
Authors: Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

FAMILIAL hypercholesterolemia, an example of a single-gene disorder that produces both hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in man,1 2 3 is characterized by four cardinal features: hypercholesterolemia resulting from an elevated plasma concentration of low-density lipoprotein; tendon xanthomas; premature coronary heart disease; and autosomal-dominant inheritance. In patients who have inherited a single copy of the gene for familial hypercholesterolemia, the plasma cholesterol level is about 300 to 500 mg per 100 ml from birth, but symptoms do not develop until the third to the sixth decade, when tendon xanthomas and coronary heart disease appear. In patients who have inherited two copies of the gene, . . .
Preliminary report: effects of interleukin-1 on platelet counts
Authors: A. Tewari, H.F. Starnes, W.C. Buhles
Journal: The Lancet (1990)

Recombinant human interleukin-1β was given in 5 daily intravenous infusions to ten patients with metastatic malignant disorders as part of an antineoplastic trial. All ten patients experienced transient increases in heart rate, low-grade fevers, and rigors. A neutrophil-dominated 100% rise in leucocyte counts occurred 4-8 h after treatment. Leucocyte counts returned to baseline levels within 24 h of interleukin-1β infusion. A 50% rise in platelets occurred in response to interleukin-1β; the increase in platelet counts was first noted 6 days after treatment began and was sustained for 24 days after treatment. Interleukin-1β may therefore be beneficial in the treatment of conditions of thrombocytopenia associated with haematological disorders and chemotherapy for malignant disorders.
Abstract A4: An expression map of long noncoding RNAs in human lung and non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Daiana D. Becker-Santos, Ewan E. Gibb, Emily A. Vucic, Katey S.S. Enfield, Greg L. Stewart, Calum E. MacAulay, Stephen Lam, Wan L. Lam
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Although still largely unexplored, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAS) are emerging as an integral functional component of the human transcriptome. LncRNAs are mRNA-like transcripts of at least 200 nucleotides (nts) with no protein-coding capacity. Similar to their protein-coding counterparts, lncRNAs are frequently spliced and polyadenylated, but act at the RNA level. The range of functions described for lncRNAs is extensive, and includes key biological roles in chromatin remodeling, alternative splicing and mRNA degradation. Given their biological functions, dysregulation of lncRNAs is rising as an important feature of many disorders, including malignant transformation. However, the extent of the contribution of differential lncRNA expression to normal lung tissue and lung cancer has not been investigated in a comprehensive manner. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that lncRNAs are expressed in a lung tissue-specific manner and that non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits aberrant lncRNA expression patterns. Methods: Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) libraries were used to characterize polyadenylated transcripts in lung tissue compared to a panel of 25 different normal human tissues, and to a cohort of 12 NSCLCs. To generate lncRNA expression profiles, we developed a lncRNA discovery pipeline to map-tag-to-lncRNA matches. To identify differentially expressed lncRNAs we used a permutation test based statistical analysis. Expression pattern in lung tumors were compared to profiles from a variety of cancer types in order to identify lncRNA changes prominent in lung cancer. Results: Here we show that large-scale expression profiling through SAGE, is an effective resource for investigating the expression pattern of polyadenylated lncRNAs. Applying a novel lncRNA discovery pipeline we reveal extensive, tissue-specific lncRNA expression in normal lung compared to a panel of several different normal human tissues. Importantly, our study reveals that NSCLC demonstrate significantly altered lncRNA expression patterns and identify highly dysregulated transcripts associated with this malignancy as oppose to other types of cancer. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings support an important role for tissue-specific lncRNAs in lung cancer. Characterization of the functional role of these transcripts will have a considerable impact on our understanding of lung cancer development and progression, and may reveal clinically important biomarkers.
The End of Medicine: How Silicon Valley (and Naked Mice) will Reboot your Doctor
Authors: David Woods
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A ndy Kessler, who made millions of dollars in the Silicon Valley technology boom of the 1990s, focuses in this book on how that technology might be applied to health care to weed out disease in its earliest stages and significantly reduce costs. Kessler says that “doctors use ancient tools, memorize symptoms and solutions, and a halfway decent search engine can leave them in the dust.” Andy Kessler Collins (New York), $24.95, pp 354 ISBN 006113029X Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Sticking to what he calls “the big … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Reduced red cell deformability associated with blood flow and platelet activation: improved by dipyridamole alone or combined with aspirin
Authors: J. Bozzo, M. R. Hernandez, A. Ordinas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

To explore the role of blood flow in red blood cell deformability and determine whether it is associated with the release of ATP by red cells.A perfusion system was employed to mimic the blood flow conditions. Red cell treatment in vitro with dipyridamole or aspirin, either alone or combined, was performed either on red cells alone prior to blood reconstitution or on already reconstituted blood. Blood viscosity at shear rates of 90 and 450 s-1 was measured, before and after perfusion, by means of a cone/plate viscometer. Red cell deformability was estimated as the magnitude of the slope between these two values of viscosity. ATP level in platelet-free plasma was measured by the firefly luciferase assay, and was used to monitor dipyridamole-induced blockade of ATP efflux by red cells.In control experiments, red cells became more rigid after perfusion (slope values: 0.62 +/- 0.09 vs 0.40 +/- 0.04; P < 0.05). Absence of platelets or treatment of red cells with aspirin and/or dipyridamole prevented dipyridamole prevented the increased stiffness of red cells observed after exposure of blood to flow conditions. Moreover, a significant increase in red cell deformability was observed when blood was treated with dipyridamole alone or combined with aspirin (0.69 +/- 0.07 and 0.65 +/- 0.05 respectively vs. 0.40 +/- 0.04; P < 0.05). Treatment with dipyridamole alone or combined with aspirin caused a decrease in ATP levels. Statistical significance was reached when red cells alone were treated with dipyridamole alone (45.8 +/- 2.8 vs. 173.3 +/- 47.6 ng ATP/ml; P < 0.05).Flow stress induced a decrease in red cell deformability probably linked to platelet activation. Treatment with dipyridamole alone or associated with aspirin eliminated the effect of flow, increasing red cell deformability. Under our experimental conditions, modifications could not be ascribed to red cell-released ATP. Our results emphasize the importance of blood flow conditions to evaluate RBC deformability.
Paving the Way — Providing Opportunities for Native American Students
Authors: Thomas D Sequist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Thomas Sequist and Dr. Dan Calac on Native American health care. (07:04)Download As a member of the Pauma Band of Luiseño Indians, Dan Calac grew up on the Pauma Indian reservation in southern California. His medical visits during childhood took place at the Indian Health Service clinic that served his tribal community, which included many elders who lived in mountainous areas with no running water or electricity. Encouraged by his mother — a nurse at the clinic — Calac dreamed of becoming a physician, although he had never met a Native American doctor.Calac encountered many obstacles on his journey toward medical school. He didn't know any physicians who could serve as . . .
THE TRIAL FRAME FOR TEST LENSES, WITH DEMONSTRATION OF A NEW MODEL
Authors: Walter L. Pyle
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The ordinary trial frames and test lenses seldom conform to the modern standards of the skilful medical refractionist. In hospitals and dispensaries they are especially faulty, and often ludicrous. It is most important that the trial frame shall be firmly and snugly placed on the sides of the nose and adjacent cheeks, in approximately the position in which the prospective spectacles or eye-glasses will be worn. In this respect all frames fixed to mechanical instruments, such as optometers, are at fault, often clumsy, and are signally deficient for accurate testing. The prime requisites for a trial frame are rigidity, lightness, proper position on the face, and ease of general adjustment and manipulation of the trial lenses. There is also a necessity for individual adjustment of the two sides, to permit perfect binocular centering. The test lenses, carefully centered, should be placed before the eyes, properly inclined, and just clearing the
The Prospects for Neuro-Exceptionalism: Transparent Lies, Naked Minds
Authors: Robert Wachbroit
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENT I owe thanks to David Wasserman for valuable comments on an earlier draft. Work on this article was supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Mental Health MH073685 and from a grant from the National Institutes of Health HG003299.
Risk assessment for neurobehavioral toxicity: SGOMSEC joint report.
Authors: D Hattis, J Glowa, H Tilson, B Ulbrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Behavioral end points for neurotoxicity risk assessment have been developed and examined over the past three decades. They are now ready to move from simple qualitative guidelines, such as exemplified by reference doses, to more quantitative models, such as benchmark doses, based on dose-response information. Risk assessors, confronted by a wider array of methodologies and data than in the past, should be offered guidance in interpretation because now they have to deal with unaccustomed questions and problems. These include reversibility, susceptible populations, multiple end points, and the details of dose-response and dose-effect distributions.
Association of liver cirrhosis with group B streptococcal bacteremia in non-pregnant adults
Authors: Sun Young Cho, Cheol-In Kang, Jungok Kim, Eun-Jeong Joo, Young Eun Ha, Doo Ryeon Chung, Nam Yong Lee, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Regional deep hyperthermia for salvage treatment of children and adolescents with refractory or recurrent non-testicular malignant germ-cell tumours: an open-label, non-randomised, single-institution, phase 2 study
Authors: Rüdiger Wessalowski, Dominik T Schneider, Oliver Mils, Verena Friemann, Olga Kyrillopoulou, Jörg Schaper, Christiane Matuschek, Karin Rothe, Ivo Leuschner, Reinhart Willers, Stefan Schönberger, Ulrich Göbel, Gabriele Calaminus
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2013)
6. Appropriateness of Gastroscopy: Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer 1
Authors: J.-J. Gonvers*, V. De Bosset*, J.-P. Vader**, R. W. Dubois***, B. Burnand**, F. Froehlich*
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

A large number of risk factors for the development of gastric adenocarcinomas have been studied, including dysplasia, gastric polyps, intestinal metaplasia, status post-gastrectomy, and pernicious anemia. The literature is difficult to evaluate since most published studies are retrospective and often deal with small patient numbers. This is one of the reasons why the need arose to supplement the literature with expert opinion on the subject.
Physicians of the Future
Authors: Lawrence L. Weed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The issue of "physicians of the future" is best addressed in terms of the larger, less parochial issue of "What is the best combination of systems, tools, and people for solving any health-care problem in the context of the individual patient's life?" To proceed we need first to articulate guiding principles, then to describe the tasks of medical practice and the people best equipped to perform them collaboratively, and finally to fit the physician into the overall scheme. If we proceed in this manner, our vision of what is best for the patient will not be restricted or clouded by . . .
Plasma Renin Activity in End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: MICHAEL GUTKIN, GILBERT E. LEVINSON, ANTHONY S. KING, NORMAN LASKER
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Plasma renin activity, fluid and electrolyte balance, and hemodynamic conditions were measured in seven hypertensive patients with end-stage renal disease before and after five exchanges of peritoneal dialytic fluids which removed large amounts of water and sodium, sodium but little water, and little water and sodium, respectively. The subjects had normal plasma renin activity, severe anemia, high cardiac output, high total peripheral resistance, and elevated blood volume. Plasma renin activity rose with large losses of sodium and water but changed slightly when large amounts of sodium with little water or small amounts of sodium and water were removed. Plasma renin activity prior to dialysis did not correlate with mean arterial pressure, blood volume, cardiac index, total peripheral resistance, or serum sodium concentration. Change in plasma renin activity with dialysis correlated inversely with change in mean arterial pressure, water balance, and change in cardiac output, and directly with change in total peripheral resistance and change in serum sodium concentration. There was no correlation with change in blood volume or sodium balance.
Alzheimer disease therapy: Can the amyloid cascade be halted?
Authors: Todd E. Golde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: Alzheimer disease (AD); amyloid β peptide (Aβ); late-onset AD (LOAD); amyloid β protein precursor (APP); secreted derivative of amyloid β protein precursor (sAPP); carboxy-terminal fragment (CTF); presenilin (PS); British familial dementia (BFD); familial Danish dementia (FDD); neurofibrillary tangle (NFT); frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism (FTDP); β-secretase
Distinguishing between Benign and Malignant Melanocytic Nevi by <i>In Vivo</i> Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Mihaela Balu, Kristen M. Kelly, Christopher B. Zachary, Ronald M. Harris, Tatiana B. Krasieva, Karsten König, Anthony J. Durkin, Bruce J. Tromberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Monitoring of atypical nevi is an important step in early detection of melanoma, a clinical imperative in preventing the disease progression. Current standard diagnosis is based on biopsy and histopathologic examination, a method that is invasive and highly dependent upon physician experience. In this work, we used a clinical multiphoton microscope to image in vivo and noninvasively melanocytic nevi at three different stages: common nevi without dysplastic changes, dysplastic nevi with structural and architectural atypia, and melanoma. We analyzed multiphoton microscopy (MPM) images corresponding to 15 lesions (five in each group) both qualitatively and quantitatively. For the qualitative analysis, we identified the morphologic features characteristic of each group. MPM images corresponding to dysplastic nevi and melanoma were compared with standard histopathology to determine correlations between tissue constituents and morphology and to evaluate whether standard histopathology criteria can be identified in the MPM images. Prominent qualitative correlations included the morphology of epidermal keratinocytes, the appearance of nests of nevus cells surrounded by collagen fibers, and the structure of the epidermal–dermal junction. For the quantitative analysis, we defined a numerical multiphoton melanoma index (MMI) based on three-dimensional in vivo image analysis that scores signals derived from two-photon excited fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and melanocyte morphology features on a continuous 9-point scale. Indices corresponding to common nevi (0–1), dysplastic nevi (1–4), and melanoma (5–8) were significantly different (P &amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting the potential of the method to distinguish between melanocytic nevi in vivo. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2688–97. ©2014 AACR.
Quality of life in adults with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: J. Congleton, M. E. Hodson, F. Duncan-Skingle
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited condition with a high mortality and morbidity. The aims of this study were to assess quality of life in a population of adults with cystic fibrosis, to compare quality of life with published scores from a healthy population and other patient groups, and to examine the relation between quality of life and other measured clinical variables.Patients over 16 years of age attending an adult cystic fibrosis outpatient clinic were surveyed at a time when they were clinically stable. A self-complete questionnaire was administered which comprised the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) together with six additional questions related to cystic fibrosis.Completed questionnaires were obtained from 240 subjects (100 women) of median age 26 years (range 16-56). Mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 49 (26)% predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) was 68 (26)% predicted, and the FEV1:FVC ratio was 59 (16)%. In this cross sectional study different patterns of perceived quality of life were seen in men and women. In part 1 of the NHP there was an age related trend compared with norms in men, with more distress/disability in the dimensions of emotion, sleep, and social isolation in the older age groups. In women there was no age related trend in the degree of distress/disability compared with norms. The mean score was different from norms in the dimensions of pain, emotion and sleep. For the patients with cystic fibrosis as a whole the scores in part 1 were comparable with published scores of patients with minor non-acute conditions. Scores in part 2 of the NHP for men were different from norms in six of the seven areas of daily living (all except home life). For women the scores were different from norms in the areas of looking after the home, social life, hobbies, and holidays. There were correlations between several of the quality of life dimensions and other measured variables such as FEV1, breathlessness score, and the time spent on home treatment.Men and women with cystic fibrosis have different patterns of perceived quality of life, and there is an age related trend of perceived quality of life in men in some dimensions. Quality of life scores in this group, as assessed by the NHP, are similar to those reported in subjects with minor non-acute conditions.
The mirror system in human and nonhuman primates
Authors: Guy A. Orban
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

The description of the mirror neuron system provided by Cook et al. is incomplete for the macaque, and incorrect for humans. This is relevant to exaptation versus associative learning as the underlying mechanism generating mirror neurons, and to the sensorimotor learning as evidence for the authors' viewpoint. The proposed additional testing of the mirror system in rodents is unrealistic.
Why the US healthcare system is failing, and what might rescue it
Authors: A. Relman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US healthcare system is by far the most expensive in the world, but it now leaves about 50 million of its citizens totally without coverage and fails to provide adequate protection for millions more. And the quality of care is on average inferior to that of countries that spend much less. Can the rise of multispecialty groups make US medical care much more affordable and efficient?
Maintenance of weight loss in obese patients after jaw wiring.
Authors: J S Garrow, G T Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1981)

In treatment of obesity restriction of food intake is necessary to achieve good results. Various operations have been devised to prevent patients overeating, but in this study jaw wiring was used to limit food intake. This procedure produces weight loss in obese patients but when the wires are removed the weight is usually regained. This report studied a group of patients whose weight loss was maintained after the wires were removed. A nylon cord fastened round the waist of the patient after weight reduction was found to act as a psychological barrier to weight gain. Seven patients were followed for 4-14 months after removal of jaw wires and regained a mean of only 5.6 kg of the 31.8 kg lost while their jaws were wired. This procedure compares favourably with other treatments for severe obesity.
P21Waf1/Cip1 in endothelial cell survival
Authors: F Aoudjit
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

See article by Mattiussi et al. [13] (pages 693–704) in this issue .

The role of endothelial cells in pathological processes is the focus of intensive research. In this context, programmed cell death (apoptosis) plays an important function. Although apoptosis can be seen in many instances as detrimental in the cardiovascular system, it also has beneficial functions. For example, the occurrence of endothelial cell apoptosis has deleterious effects on the development of the cardiovascular system that lead to embryonal lethality. An increase of apoptosis in endothelial cells also contributes to various pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis, tissue destruction during vascular injury, inflammation and allograft arteriopathy, and cellular resistance to apoptosis is necessary for the maintenance of blood vessel integrity and for angiogenesis [1]. However, in the adult, endothelial cell apoptosis is required to prevent neovascularization [2]. Therefore, the tight regulation of endothelial cell apoptosis and function is of prime importance.

The homeostasis and function of endothelial cells are controlled by several chemical signals such as VEGF, vitronectin, nucleotides, oxidized LDL, and their membrane receptors [2]. In addition, growing evidence indicates that mechanical signals are also important in endothelial cell functions as they influence cell shape and structure, growth, and other characteristics. The mechanical signals to which cells are exposed in vivo include gravitational force, mechanical stress and shear stress. Endothelial cells are particularly exposed to … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-418-656-4141x46319; fax: +1-418-654-2765. jean.sevigny{at}crchul.ulaval.ca