tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age-Dependent Associations Between Chronic Periodontitis/Edentulism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Thomas Dietrich, Monik Jimenez, Elizabeth A. Krall Kaye, Pantel S. Vokonas, Raul I. Garcia
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Several epidemiological studies have suggested periodontitis as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but results have been inconsistent. Methods and Results— We evaluated the association between clinical and radiographic measures of periodontitis, edentulism, and incident CHD (angina, myocardial infarction, or fatal CHD) among 1203 men in the VA Normative Aging and Dental Longitudinal Studies who were followed up with triennial comprehensive medical and dental examinations up to 35 years (median 24 years). Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying effects of exposure and potential confounders were fit. We found a significant dose-dependent association between periodontitis and CHD incidence among men &lt;60 years of age (hazard ratio 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 3.60 comparing highest versus lowest category of radiographic bone loss, P for trend=0.02), independent of age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, education, marital status, income, and occupation. No association was found among men &gt;60 years of age. Similar results were found when the sum of probing pocket depths was used as a measure of periodontitis. Among men ≥60 years of age, edentulous men tended to have a higher risk of CHD than dentate men in the lowest bone loss (hazard ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 2.73) and lowest pocket depth (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 2.85) categories, independent of confounders. Conclusions— Chronic periodontitis is associated with incidence of CHD among younger men, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors.
Eosinophilic fasciitis in a father and son.
Authors: K Rosenfeld, M A Stodell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

The mood-stabilizing effects of lithium are well documented, although its mechanism of action remains unknown. Increases in gray matter volume detected in patients with bipolar disorder who were treated with lithium suggest that changes in the number of synapses might underlie its therapeutic effects. We investigated the effects of lithium on the number of synaptic connections between hippocampal neurons in culture. Confocal imaging of neurons expressing postsynaptic density protein 95 fused to green fluorescent protein (PSD95-GFP) enabled visualization of synaptic sites. PSD95-GFP fluorescent puncta represented functional synapses, and lithium (4 h, 5 mM) increased their number by 150 ± 12%. The increase was time- and concentration-dependent (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.0 ± 0.6 mM). Lithium induced a parallel increase in the presynaptic marker synaptophysin-GFP. Valproic acid, another mood stabilizer, also increased the number of fluorescent puncta at a clinically relevant concentration. Inhibition of postsynaptic glutamate receptors or presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release significantly reduced lithium-induced synapse formation, indicating that glutamatergic synaptic transmission was required. Pretreatment with exogenous <i>myo</i>-inositol inhibited synapse formation, demonstrating that depletion of inositol was necessary to increase synaptic connections. In contrast, inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β did not mimic lithium-induced synapse formation. Pharmacological and lipid reconstitution experiments showed that new synapses formed as a result of depletion of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate rather than a build-up of polyphosphoinositides or changes in the activity of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Increased synaptic connections may underlie the mood-stabilizing effects of lithium in patients with bipolar disorder and could contribute to the convulsions produced by excessive doses of this drug.
Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells of patients with insulin dependent diabetes and nephropathy and their parents.
Authors: J D Walker, T Tariq, G Viberti
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether there are familial and genetic aspects of sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells in diabetic nephropathy. DESIGN--Case-control study. SETTING--Teaching hospital diabetic clinic. SUBJECTS--40 Patients with insulin dependent diabetes, both of whose parents were alive: 20 with persistent proteinuria and 20 with normal albumin excretion matched for age, duration of diabetes, and body mass index. All 80 parents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells and arterial blood pressure. RESULTS--Sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells was higher in the patients with proteinuria than in the patients with normoalbuminuria (mean (95% confidence interval) 0.47 (0.39 to 0.54) v 0.33 (0.28 to 0.38) mmol/l red cells/h respectively, p = 0.0036; mean difference 0.14 (0.04 to 0.22)). The mean countertransport activity for the two parents of each patient was calculated, and from this the mean value for each group of parents was calculated; the value was higher in the parents of the patients with proteinuria than in the parents of the patients with normoalbuminuria (0.40 (0.32 to 0.48) v 0.30 (0.26 to 0.33) mmol/l red cells/h respectively, p = 0.016; 0.10 (0.02 to 0.19)). Twenty-eight of the parents of the patients with proteinuria compared with 12 of the parents of the patients with normoalbuminuria had a countertransport activity that was above the median value in all 80 parents (p less than 0.001). Mean arterial blood pressure in the parents of the patients with proteinuria was related to that of their offspring (r = 0.46; p less than 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells in the parents and their offspring when all parents and patients were considered (r = 0.37; p less than 0.001). CONCLUSIONS--Increased sodium-lithium countertransport activity in red cells in the parents of diabetic patients with nephropathy provides further evidence that familial, and possibly genetic, factors related to a predisposition to arterial hypertension have a role in the susceptibility of diabetic renal disease.
P490Perinatal programming of cardiometabolic diseases: early alterations in adipose tissue and organ development in animal models
Authors: AL Lopez De Pablo, P Rodriguez-Rodriguez, PY Gutierrez, MC Gonzalez, D Munnoz, B Somoza, SM Arribas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Fetal stress and postnatal overfeeding are associated with programming of cardiometabolic diseases, but their relative role is not clearly established. By using specific animal models we aimed to address this issue comparing the perinatal alterations induced in several organs key for cardiometabolic control. Methods: Fetal stress was induced by maternal undernutrition (MUN) during pregnancy. MUN rats were fed ad libitum with standard chow from gestational day 1 to 10; with 50% of their daily intake from day 11 to the end of pregnancy and returned back to ad libitum during lactation (12 pups/litter). Postnatal overfeeding (POF) was induced in the offspring from ad libitum fed dams by reducing litter size during lactation (4 pups/litter). Control animals were offspring from dams ad libitum fed both during pregnancy and lactation (12 pups/litter). Tibial length and body, heart, kidney, liver and fat adipose tissue weights, as well as adipocites size, were assessed in the offspring at weaning (21 days). A group of MUN offspring was followed to measure body weight along perinatal development. Results: MUN offspring showed reduced tibial length and body weight from birth with progressive catch-up growth until month two, when body weight reached similar values to control rats. By weaning MUN offspring rats exhibited: 1) hyperglycemia; 2) heart and liver hypertrophy, 3) reduced kidney weight and 4) increased subcutaneous and periorganic fat deposits and adipocite size. POF offspring also exhibited increased glycemia together with liver, fat and body weight and adipocite size, but heart and kidney weights were not altered. There were no sex-related differences in either MUN or POF models in any of the parameters studied. Conclusions: We conclude that accelerated growth during postnatal life, rather than fetal stress, seems to be critical for metabolic control organs alterations. On the other hand, fetal stress induces changes in heart and kidney at an early age which might have a direct role on later cardiovascular disease development.
Resting energy expenditure, substrate use, and video tapes
Authors: B G Cooper, J N S Matthews, K G M M Alberti
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b>To investigate the effect of watching different types of video on energy expenditure <b>Design:</b>Randomised study assessing a “pleasant,” an “amusing,” an “exciting,” and no video film clips. <b>Subjects:</b>12 volunteers who did not know the purpose of the study <b>Main outcome measures:</b>Changes in energy expenditure, substrate use, heart rate, and aural temperature during each film clip. Results: Energy expenditure was raised slightly (0.21 kJ/day) during the “exciting” film. Individual responses varied greatly. <b>Conclusion:</b>Watching different types of video seems to have little effect on resting metabolic rate.
Prognostic value of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of HIV patients
Authors: B. DRENO, B. MILPIED, J.D. BIGNON, J.F. STALDER, P. LITOUX
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We measured the number of Langerhans cells in clinically normal epidermis and the number of T4 lymphocytes in the plasma in 24 patients infected with HIV, and related these to the stage of the disease. A correlation is demonstrated between the numbers of Langerhans cells and T4 lymphocytes. Numbers of Langerhans cells were lower in patients with disease stages III and IV than in those with disease stage II. Thus Langerhans cell numbers could be of prognostic value in this disease.
Corrigendum to “Effects of aldosterone receptor blockade in patients with mild‐moderate heart failure taking a beta‐blocker” [European Journal of Heart Failure 9/4 (2007) 429–434]
Authors: Colin Berry, Niamh Murphy, Giuseppe De Vito, Stuart Galloway, Alison Seed, Carol Fisher, Naveed Sattar, Patrick Vallance, W. Stewart Hillis, John McMurray
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Effects of OPC-18790, a new positive inotropic agent, on energetics in the ischaemic canine heart: a 31P-MRS study
Authors: M. Ishikawa, T. Mori, S. Itoh, H. Fujiki, K. Koga, M. Tominaga, Y. Yabuuchi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Effects of OPC-18790, a novel positive inotropic agent, on cardiohaemodynamics and cardiac energetics were assessed simultaneously in dogs with cardiac ischaemia using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and compared with those of amrinone, a pure cGMP-inhibited PDE inhibitor.Cardiac ischaemia was produced by partial stenosis of the coronary artery. Dogs with cardiac ischaemia were instrumented for the determination of regional coronary blood flow (non-radioactive coloured microsphere method), regional contractile function (sonomicrometry), and haemodynamics. Myocardial phosphate compounds were measured simultaneously by 31P-MRS.Coronary stenosis produced regional dyskinesis, a slight decrease in cardiac output (CO), intracellular acidosis, an increase in the inorganic phosphate (Pi)/creatine phosphate (PCr) ratio concomitantly with a decrease in regional coronary blood flow (CBF) in the ischaemic region. OPC-18790 dose-dependently produced an increase in contractility (measured by peak LVdP/dt) and CO, with only slight changes in heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (mBP). OPC-18790 did not change regional dyskinesis, but improved the Pi/PCr ratio at the high dose compared with ischaemic values (before drug administration). Amrinone produced an increase in CO comparable to that of OPC-18790; however, the increase in peak LVdP/dt was smaller while the increase in HR and decrease in mBP were larger than those seen with OPC-18790. Amrinone worsened the Pi/PCr ratio and intracellular acidosis only at the high dose.These observed differences in energy metabolism between OPC-18790 and amrinone at the high dose may be due to the ability of OPC-18790 to increase CBF in the ischaemic region and which may attributed to its differing effect on overall haemodynamics. Thus, OPC-18790 may be useful in the management of ischaemic heart failure.
Thrombin generation in patients with cirrhosis: The role of platelets
Authors: Armando Tripodi, Massimo Primignani, Veena Chantarangkul, Marigrazia Clerici, Alessandra Dell'Era, Federica Fabris, Francesco Salerno, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Coagulation factor defects, thrombocytopenia, and thrombocytopathy are associated with cirrhosis. However, bleeding in patients who have cirrhosis does not entirely correlate with abnormal coagulation tests. Recently, it was shown that because of the concomitant abnormalities of the procoagulant and anticoagulant drives, thrombin generation in plasma patients with cirrhosis is normal when assessed with assays that include thrombomodulin (the main protein C activator). However, thrombin is also generated in vivo as a function of platelets, suggesting that thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathy might affect thrombin generation in patients with cirrhosis. We addressed this issue using an assay that accounts for the contribution of plasma and platelets. The study showed that platelet-rich plasma with platelets adjusted by dilution of autologous platelet-rich into autologous platelet-poor plasma to a standard count (100 × 109/L) generates as much thrombin in patients with cirrhosis as in controls (1,063 nmol/L vs. 1,167 nmol/L; P value not significant). When platelets were adjusted to correspond to whole-blood counts, patients with cirrhosis generated significantly less thrombin than controls (949 nmol/L vs. 1,239 nmol/L; P &lt; .001). Furthermore, thrombin generation correlated with platelet numbers (ρ = 0.50; P &lt; .001). In addition, the amount of thrombin generated as a function of the whole-blood patients' platelet counts increased significantly when the numbers were adjusted to 100 × 109/L (953 nmol/L vs.1,063 nmol/L; P &lt; .001). In conclusion , severe thrombocytopenia may limit thrombin generation in patients with cirrhosis. These findings might justify platelet transfusion in patients with low platelet counts when they bleed spontaneously or before undergoing surgery or liver biopsy. Controlled clinical trials supporting this indication are warranted.
IL-4Rα Expression by Airway Epithelial Cells Promotes Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Christopher G. McKnight, Charles Perkins, Crystal Potter, Fred D. Finkelman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)

IL-4 and IL-13 effects on airway epithelial (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) can both induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). However, deletion of IL-4Rα, a critical component of the IL-4 and IL-13 receptors, from EC had no effect on AHR in transgenic mice that overproduced IL-13 in their lungs. Also, deletion of IL-4Rα from SMC had no effect on AHR in mice inoculated intratracheally with large doses of house dust mite extract (HDM). We have now evaluated whether IL-4Rα expression by either cell type significantly contributes to allergic airway disease in mice inoculated with a more limiting HDM dose. Transgenic IL-4Rα+/- BALB/c background mice that selectively lack IL-4Rα on SMC or EC, and their IL-4Rα+/-littermates were inoculated intratracheally 3 times weekly for 2 weeks with saline or 16 μg of HDM. Following this, AHR was measured by unrestrained plethysmography and by forced oscillation; bronchoalveolar lavage cell counts and counts of goblet cells in medium-sized airways were performed; and IL-4 and IL-13 secretion were evaluated by the in vivo cytokine capture assay. Deletion of IL-4Rα chain from SM produced no detectable change in any disease parameter measured. Deletion of IL-4Rα from EC almost totally suppressed goblet cell hyperplasia and reduced AHR by ∼50%, but did not significantly suppress BAL eosinophilia or IL-4 secretion and had only a marginal suppressive effect on IL-13 secretion. IL-4Rα expression by EC, but not SMC, is required for maximal development of AHR in mice inoculated with a limiting dose of a potent allergen.
Memory Performance in Holocaust Survivors With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Julia A. Golier, Rachel Yehuda, Sonia J. Lupien, Philip D. Harvey, Robert Grossman, Abbie Elkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated memory performance in Holocaust survivors and its association with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and age. METHOD: Memory performance was measured in Holocaust survivors with PTSD (N=31) and without PTSD (N=16) and healthy Jewish adults not exposed to the Holocaust (N=35). Explicit and implicit memory were measured by paired-associate recall and word stem completion, respectively. RESULTS: The groups did not differ by age or gender, but the survivors with PTSD had significantly fewer years of education and had lower estimated IQs than the survivors without PTSD and the nonexposed group. There was a significant overall group effect for paired-associate recall but not word stem completion. The survivors with PTSD recalled fewer semantically unrelated words than did the survivors without PTSD and the nonexposed group and fewer semantically related words than the nonexposed group. Of the survivors with PTSD, 36% performed at a level indicative of frank cognitive impairment. Older age was significantly associated with poorer paired-associate recall in the survivors with PTSD but not in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Markedly poorer explicit but not implicit memory was found in Holocaust survivors with PTSD, which may be a consequence of or a risk factor for chronic PTSD. Accelerated memory decline is one of several explanations for the significantly greater association of older age with poorer explicit memory in survivors with PTSD, which, if present, could increase the cognitive burden of this illness with aging.
Tour operators should tell clients about potential risks of adventure holidays
Authors: F. Bellis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Increasingly, tour operators are offering adventure holidays in remote mountainous regions of the world (often at high altitude) where local medical facilities are scarce to inexperienced travellers. Some companies provide their own medically trained staff, but they may rely on doctors on holiday with the group to provide help.

Acute mountain sickness is common and when inappropriately treated potentially fatal. Twice in the past year, while on holiday, I have treated other group members with moderate to severe …
Bacterial Endocarditis Following Urethral Manipulation
Authors: John K. Meneely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

REVIEWS in the older literature1 2 3 and a recent article4 have commented on the frequent occurrence of bacteremia following manipulation of the genitourinary tract. In one report3 the complication of bacterial endocarditis in a case is noted, but a perusal of the literature since 1940 revealed no recently reported cases. To emphasize the occurrence of this complication and to stress the need for routine prophylaxis in persons with known valvular defects, the following cases of bacterial endocarditis, developing after urethral dilatation and terminating fatally, are presented.Case 1. A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on July 6, 1945, with . . .
United States Public Health Service Hospitals (1798–1981) — The End of an Era
Authors: Richard A. Bienia, Emanuel Stein, Baroline H. Bienia
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

On October 31, 1981, the U.S. Public Health Service hospitals were closed, and one of the most colorful and productive eras in American medicine came to an end.In many ways the history of the Public Health Service hospitals reflects the history of America and American medicine. Originally called marine hospitals, they were established by President John Adams in 1798 to provide care for sick and disabled merchant seamen. The tradition of providing health care for "decay'ed seamen" had originated many years earlier in Great Britain as an expression of gratitude toward English seamen for the defeat of the Spanish . . .
Abstract 3204: The mRNA decay factor tristetraprolin (TTP) induces senescence in human papillomavirus-transformed cervical cancer cells by targeting E6-AP ubiquitin ligase
Authors: Sandhya Sanduja, Vimala Kaza, Dan A. Dixon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. A necessary factor in the development of nearly all cases of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. High-risk HPV (HPV16 and 18) mediates cellular transformation and carcinogenesis through the concerted actions of viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 that disrupt the normal cell cycle regulation by targeting the p53 and Rb tumor suppressor pathways respectively. In the present study, we found that expression of the mRNA decay factor TTP is lost in HPV18-positive HeLa cells and introduction of TTP in cells lead to inhibition of cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inducing cellular senescence. Consistent with this, TTP-expressing cells showed enhanced p53 protein stability and p53-dependent transcriptional activity. In cells expressing TTP, no changes were observed in the RNA levels of E6 and E7 indicating that these viral factors are not targets of TTP-mediated RNA decay. Whereas the E6-associated protein (E6-AP), the cellular ubiquitin ligase required for E6-mediated p53 degradation, was found to be down regulated both at mRNA and protein levels in presence of TTP. Furthermore, the association of E6 and E6-AP promotes transcriptional activation of hTERT, and TTP-dependent down regulation of E6-AP resulted in inhibition of hTERT expression and decreased cellular telomerase activity. Analysis of E6-AP mRNA revealed potential AU-rich element (ARE) binding sites of TTP present in the 3’ untranslated region (3′UTR) and RNA-binding studies demonstrate a physical interaction between TTP and E6-AP mRNA leading to rapid decay of E6-AP mRNA in a 3’UTR-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained with other high-risk HPV-positive cell lines that employ E6-AP pathway to control p53 and hTERT levels. Consistent with this, we found TTP expression to be lost or significantly reduced in squamous cell carcinomas as compared to normal cervical tissue. Finally, our studies indicate that loss of TTP expression in cervical cancer occurs through epigenetic mechanisms involving promoter methylation and histone deacetylation. These findings demonstrate the ability of TTP to act as a tumor suppressor through inhibition of the E6-AP pathway and indicate TTP loss to be a critical event during HPV-mediated carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3204.
Genetic liability to osteoarthritis may be greater in women than men
Authors: J. Kaprio, U. M Kujala, L. Peltonen, M. Koskenvuo
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Tim D Spector and colleagues report a study of genetic influences on osteoarthritis in monozygotic and dizygotic female twins.1 They conclude that their results show a clear genetic effect for radiographic osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in women (ranging from 39% to 65%) independent of known environmental or demographic confounders. In his commentary on the paper John Hopper states that these figures must be considered to be an upper bound of the genetic influence.1

In a questionnaire sent to the Finnish twin cohort …