tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book: Where There Is No Doctor: A Village Health Care Handbook for Africa
Authors: H Saloojee
Journal: BMJ (1998)

David Werner, Carol Thuman, Jane Maxwell Macmillan Education, £7.25, pp 446 ISBN 0333516524 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Chances are that if you visited a remote district hospital in a developing country you would find a well thumbed copy of Where There Is No Doctor in its library. The book is intended primarily for village health workers, but generations of doctors and medical missionaries who have worked in underresourced communities globally will vouch for its value in providing concise reliable information. This book is an all time … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
"Vacuum Cleaner Injury" of the Penis
Authors: M. Fox, E. L. Barrett
Journal: BMJ (1960)

NEW MASK FOR DELIVERING OXYGEN MEDIBARLJouRNAL for expiration, approximately room air is present.Obviously, if the rate of oxygen flow is only 2 litres a minute and the subject has a minute-volume of 8 litres, room air will be drawn in also and will dilute the 2 litres of 100% oxygen, giving an inspired atmosphere of 40% oxygen.Since the volume of the mask is so small, and its walls are semi-rigid, a dead space is not built up, all the air inside the mask being in a constant state of organized movement.The pattern of this movement is dominated by the fact that the end of the gas-delivery tube reaches up to the plane of the rim of the semi-rigid member and thereby delivers the gas to the immediate site of inhalation.The mask was tested for the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside it.
Cases of Rupture of the Uterus and Vagina
Authors: T. M. Madden
Journal: BMJ (1874)

providing the symptoms of a calculus were well marked, of some stand- ing, and had resisted other treatment."The failure of other means to afford relief, and the serious condition of the patient's health, justified, in my opinion, an exploratoly operation in the case related.Second, the complete cure which followed the operation is a curious but encouraging fact.The absence of any discoverable condition which could have caused the symptoms, nmakes it impossible to decide in what way the operationi acted as a curative measure, l)ut that it did so is indisputable.The difficulty of making a certain diagnosis of the pre- sence of a renal calculus in all cases, by a study of the symptoms, and by externial examination, is well illustrated in the present instance.The good result in the case points to the employment of a free ex- ploratory inicision, or to some powerful counterirritant in the treatment of renal symptoms such as existed in this patient, should ordinary means fail to relieve.
A Molecular Epidemiologic Analysis of Tuberculosis Trends in San Francisco, 1991–1997
Authors: Robert M. Jasmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

To decrease tuberculosis case rates and cases due to recent infection (clustered cases) in San Francisco, California, tuberculosis control measures were intensified beginning in 1991 by focusing on prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission and on the use of preventive therapy.To describe trends in rates of tuberculosis cases and clustered cases in San Francisco from 1991 through 1997.Population-based study.San Francisco, California.Persons with tuberculosis diagnosed between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1997.DNA fingerprinting was performed. During sequential 1-year intervals, changes in annual case rates per 100,000 persons for all cases, clustered cases (cases with M. tuberculosis isolates having identical fingerprint patterns), and cases in specific subgroups with high rates of clustering (persons born in the United States and HIV-infected persons) were examined.Annual tuberculosis case rates peaked at 51.2 cases per 100,000 persons in 1992 and decreased significantly thereafter to 29.8 cases per 100,000 persons in 1997 (P < 0.001). The rate of clustered cases decreased significantly over time in the entire study sample (from 10.4 cases per 100,000 persons in 1991 to 3.8 cases per 100,000 persons in 1997 [P < 0.001]), in persons born in the United States (P < 0.001), and in HIV-infected persons (P = 0.003).The rates of tuberculosis cases and clustered tuberculosis cases decreased both overall and among persons in high-risk groups. This occurred in a period during which tuberculosis control measures were intensified.
The Drosophila Ubiquitin-Specific Protease dUSP36/Scny Targets IMD to Prevent Constitutive Immune Signaling
Authors: Dominique Thevenon, Elodie Engel, Amélie Avet-Rochex, Marie Gottar, Evelyne Bergeret, Hervé Tricoire, Christelle Benaud, Jacques Baudier, Emmanuel Taillebourg, Marie-Odile Fauvarque
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Abstract A44: Practical habit and herbalism knowledge for prostate cancer-related problems among Bangladeshi immigrants to the United States: The experience of Bronx borough in New York City
Authors: Md. Ariful Haque Mollik, Douglas James Trainor
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In the United States, herbalism use is most prevalent among the immigrants. Very few studies have been conducted in the Bangladeshi immigrants to the United States of America on herbalism knowledge. Therefore a gap in knowledge exists. This study deals with the field observations recorded on the therapeutic applications of the herbalism used in prostate cancer related problems by the Bangladeshi immigrants of Bronx borough in the New York City. Fieldwork was carried out from August 2011 to November 2011. Semi structured interviews and guided field-walk methods were used to gather information on herbalism used by the Bangladeshi immigrants. Along with herbalism, information was also collected on herbalism parts used, formulations, and dosages. Information on phytochemicals as well as pharmacologic activity studies on this herbalism (if any) was obtained from several data bases. The collected information indicates that the following herbalism is used to treat prostate-cancer related problems: Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle, Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Plantago major L., Cocos nucifera L., Apis dorsata Fabricius, Allium sativum L., Ocimum gratissimum L., Saccharum officinarum L., Allium cepa L., Momordica charantia L., Areca catechu L., Piper nigrum L., Nigella sativa L., Lactuca sativa L., Ipomoea aquatica Forssk., Persea americana Mill., Panax ginseng C.A.Mey., Carica papaya L., Piper betle L., Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, Ficus racemosa L., Azadirachta indica A.Juss., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai, Solanum melongena L., Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Ophicephalus striatus Bloch, Zea mays L., Borassus flabellifer L., Cucumis sativus L., Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, Brassica napus L., Amaranthus tricolor L., and Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa. This study further highlighted the importance of gathering such ethnopharmacology information for effective conservation of the Bangladeshi immigrants' medicinal knowledge and medicinally important herbalism. It is important that modern scientific studies be conducted on this herbalism towards isolation and identification of compounds through which multi-drug resistant prostate cancer related problems can be effectively treated. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: Md. Ariful Haque Mollik, Douglas James Trainor. Practical habit and herbalism knowledge for prostate cancer-related problems among Bangladeshi immigrants to the United States: The experience of Bronx borough in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A44.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDIES OF THE HISTOPATHOGENESIS OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Roger E. Wilsnack, Wallace P. Rowe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

LCM virus antigen was visualized in infected tissue cultures and mouse tissues by the direct immunofluorescent procedure. In all instances, antigen was localized to the cytoplasm. In intracerebrally infected mice, antigen was almost completely restricted to meninges, choroid plexus, and ependyma; at no time were neurons involved. Mice infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of a viscerotropic strain demonstrated antigen chiefly in liver parenchyma, splenic reticulum, bronchi, and alveolar cells. Congenitally infected mice showed antigen in almost all cell types observed, but generally in only a minority of cells; infection was often focal in distribution. Liver, kidney, pregnant uterus, and trophoblast were most extensively involved. No antigen was observable in ova of a pregnant mouse.
Management of childhood diarrhoea by pharmacists and parents.
Authors: L Coper
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung is a rare form of malignancy that can present similarly to other necrotising cavitary lung diseases. We present a case of a Caucasian woman who presented with recurrent haemoptysis and a right upper lobe cavitary lesion on CT scan. She underwent selective embolisation of the right bronchial artery by interventional radiology to control her haemoptysis. Positron emission tomography/CT scan was performed which showed significant fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right upper lobe cavitary lesion. There was a discussion among her providers about the aetiology of this lesion including infection and malignancy. Cultures from bronchoalveolar lavage and blood were negative for infection as the patient underwent right upper lobectomy which showed invasive sarcomatoid pleomorphic carcinoma with a minor component of acinar adenocarcinoma. She was diagnosed with stage IB (T2aN0M0) sarcomatoid pleomorphic carcinoma and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after her lobectomy with recurrence and metastasis to her stomach and pancreas.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Bridge to Heart Transplantation Among Children in the United States
Authors: Christopher S. Almond, Tajinder P. Singh, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Gary E. Piercey, Francis Fynn-Thompson, Peter T. Rycus, Robert H. Bartlett, Ravi R. Thiagarajan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has served for >2 decades as the standard of care for US children requiring mechanical support as a bridge to heart transplantation. Objective data on the safety and efficacy of ECMO for this indication are limited. We describe the outcomes of ECMO as a bridge to heart transplantation to serve as performance benchmarks for emerging miniaturized assist devices intended to replace ECMO.Data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry and the Organ Procurement Transplant Network database were merged to identify children supported with ECMO and listed for heart transplantation from 1994 to 2009. Independent predictors of wait-list and posttransplantation in-hospital mortality were identified. Objective performance goals for ECMO were developed. Of 773 children, the median age was 6 months (interquartile range, 1 to 44 months); 28% had cardiomyopathy; and in 38%, a bridge to transplantation was intended at ECMO initiation. Overall, 45% of subjects reached transplantation, although one third of those transplanted died before discharge; overall survival to hospital discharge was 47%. Wait-list mortality was independently associated with congenital heart disease, cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO, and renal dysfunction. Posttransplantation mortality was associated with congenital heart disease, renal dysfunction, ECMO duration of >14 days, and initial ECMO indication as a bridge to recovery. In the objective performance goal cohort (n=485), patients with cardiomyopathy had the highest survival to hospital discharge (63%), followed by patients with myocarditis (59%), 2-ventricle congenital heart disease (44%) and 1-ventricle congenital heart disease (33%).Although ECMO is effective for short-term circulatory support, it is not reliable for the long-term circulatory support necessary for children awaiting heart transplantation. Fewer than half of patients bridged with ECMO survive to hospital discharge. More effective modalities for chronic circulatory support in children are urgently needed.
Study shows Medicaid coverage has little clinical benefit
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Results of long awaited study have something to disappoint everybody, writes Bob Roehr 

Access to healthcare through Medicaid generated no significant improvements in measured physical health outcomes in the first two years of coverage for a low income population in Oregon, according to a much anticipated paper in the New England Journal of Medicine .1

However, enrollment in Medicaid increased the use of healthcare services, raised rates of diabetes detection and management, lowered rates of depression, and reduced financial strain among beneficiaries.

Medicaid is most often thought of as a safety net insurance program that provides access to essential medical services for people on low incomes. The mixed message from this study on its effects on health adds fuel to the ongoing debate over expansion of the federal/state Medicaid program under provisions of the Affordable Care Act.

The unique opportunity for the study arose in 2008 when Oregon had limited funding to expand access to Medicaid and a waiting list of almost 90 000 people. The state used a lottery to draw the names of about a third of the people on the waiting list, who then went on to formally apply for Medicaid and enroll if they met the entry criteria.

Researchers took advantage of the randomization of Medicaid beneficiaries in their study. Analysis was based on 12 229 people in the Portland area who responded to the survey (73% response rate). Half had gained access to Medicaid under the lottery expansion and half had not; the groups shared a similar sociodemographic profile. There were no copayment barriers to accessing services.

“We found no significant effect of Medicaid coverage on the prevalence or diagnosis of hypertension or …
Studies on the Secretion of Serum Proteins from Rat Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Ardythe A. Mccracken, Merrill Emmett, Alfred J. Crowle, Jerry L. Brown
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

We have used crossed Immunoelectrophoresis to identify and establish the relative amounts of serum proteins secreted by a differentiated cell line (Fao) derived from a Reuber H35 rat hepatoma. Our results show that these cells secrete at least 15 plasma proteins. Ten of these: albumin, α1-antitrypsin, α1-lipoprotein, α1-macroglobulin, α1-antichymotrypsin, GC-globulin (transcalciferin), fibronectin, hemopexin, transferrin and the C3 component of complement have been identified. To examine the feasibility of using the Fao cell line as a model for studies on the regulation of hepatic protein secretion, we measured the relative amounts of 10 serum proteins secreted into the growth medium after exposure of these cells to dibutyryl cyclic AMP, hydrocortisone and a combination of both compounds. We also examined the effects of growth temperature (33.5°, 37° and 39°C) and the removal of fetal calf serum from the growth medium on the relative amounts of these proteins secreted. We found that the rates of secretion of most of the serum proteins were altered by one or more of the treatments used in these experiments. In addition, detectable levels of secretion of three serum proteins, fibronectin and two unidentified, occurred only under certain of the experimental conditions. These results demonstrate that the pattern of proteins secreted from Fao cells can be experimentally altered and indicate that this cell line may be a useful model for studies on the control of hepatic protein secretion.
Control of HIV-1 immune escape by CD8 T cells expressing enhanced T-cell receptor
Authors: Angel Varela-Rohena, Peter E Molloy, Steven M Dunn, Yi Li, Megan M Suhoski, Richard G Carroll, Anita Milicic, Tara Mahon, Deborah H Sutton, Bruno Laugel, Ruth Moysey, Brian J Cameron, Annelise Vuidepot, Marco A Purbhoo, David K Cole, Rodney E Phillips, Carl H June, Bent K Jakobsen, Andrew K Sewell, James L Riley
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Plasma Urotensin in Human Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Leong L. Ng, Ian Loke, Russell J. O’Brien, Iain B. Squire, Joan E. Davies
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Human urotensin II (UTN) has potent vasoactive and cardiostimulatory effects, acting on the G protein-linked receptor GPR14. Myocardial UTN expression is upregulated in heart failure, and UTN stimulates myocardial expression of the natriuretic peptides. We investigated plasma UTN levels in heart failure (HF; left ventricular systolic dysfunction) in comparison with plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (N-BNP) levels.N-BNP and UTN were measured in plasma from 126 patients with HF and 220 age- and sex-matched controls. Both peptides were elevated in plasma of HF patients and were correlated (r(s)=0.35, P<0.001). In contrast to N-BNP, there was no relationship of plasma UTN with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class. Although plasma N-BNP showed a positive relationship with age and female sex, there was no such age-dependent change in plasma UTN, and control women had lower levels compared with control men. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the diagnosis of HF had areas of 0.90 and 0.86 for N-BNP and UTN, respectively (P<0.001 for both). Receiver operating characteristic curve area for diagnosis of NYHA class I HF with UTN was better than that with N-BNP.Plasma UTN is elevated in HF, which suggests a pathophysiological role for this peptide. Plasma UTN may be a useful alternative to N-BNP in the diagnosis of HF, inasmuch as its levels are elevated irrespective of age, sex, or NYHA class.
Rapid detection of deletional α-thalassemia by an oligonucleotide microarray
Authors: Li Zesong, Guo Ruijun, Zhang Wen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

A simple, fast, and highly reproducible protocol for detection of the three most common deletional α-thalassemias (− −SEA, − α3.7, −α4.2) using an oligonucleotide microarray was developed. PCR products were directly hybridized to the microarrays with different deletion-specific probes. Genotypes were determined by quantitative analysis of the fluorescent signals detected by fluorescence scanning. Blind assays on 400 samples validated the efficiency and specificity of the protocol. This method may be suitable for routine clinical use and population screening for deletional α-thalassemia. Am. J. Hematol. 80:306–308, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chlormethiazole and treatment of delirium tremens.
Authors: D. B. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1989)

rhe numbers of cases reported yearly to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre is about 3000.Among children aged under 5 cryptosporidiosis may be found more commonly than salmonella infection.4Detailed follow up study of cases diagnosed by the laboratory commonly shows other cases among contacts,' including adults, and the number of cases reported clearly represents only a proportion of the actual incidence.
Doctors warn against using Avastin for macular degeneration
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Ophthalmologists are warning that it is too soon to use an unlicensed and cheaper drug than the one recommended by the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence to treat wet age related macular degeneration (AMD) because the risks are unknown.

Winfried Amoaku, vice president of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists and chairman of its scientific committee, said that while bevacizumab (Avastin) costs much less than ranibizumab (Lucentis), the effects of splitting the doses of bevacizumab, which is not packaged for intravitreal administration, may prove a false economy.

Some primary care trusts have been telling doctors to use bevacizumab, which is licensed in the United Kingdom for treating colorectal cancer, instead of ranibizumab. Bevacizumab costs £243 (€280; $360) for a 100 …
Manganese in Drinking Water and Intellectual Impairment in School-Age Children
Authors: Hong Chen, Ray Copes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Kessler (2011) provided a valuable update on the current state of research and regulatory pol icy concerning nano materials.However, the article could give the mis leading impression that the precautionary principle constitutes a straightforward guideline for improving public policy in this area.Instead, the precautionary principle provides only a general framework that must be specified before one can ade quately assess its implications for policy.Near the beginning of the article, Kessler (2011) quoted Alexis BadenMayer, who worried,[I]n our regulation of food and consumer prod ucts, we don't implement the precautionary principle.Things go to market before we know whether or not they're really safe for human beings over the long term.Kessler (2011) concluded with a quotation from Michael Hansen: I think we need to take a precautionary approach because we've learned the hard way over and over and over again.You'd think we would learn.
UKIP wrong about HIV data and health tourism, say campaigners
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

HIV experts and campaigners have refuted claims by the leader of the UK Independence Party (UKIP) that most people in the United Kingdom with a diagnosis of HIV are foreign nationals who come to the country as “health tourists” with the specific aim of exploiting the NHS.

During an election debate broadcast on ITV at 8 pm on 2 April Nigel Farage said that 60% of the 7000 people every year who are given a diagnosis of HIV “are not British nationals.” He said, “You can come into Britain from anywhere in the world and get diagnosed with HIV and get [anti]retroviral drugs that cost up to £25 000 [€34 000; $37 000] per year per patient.” When challenged he added, “It is a fact. It is true: £2bn a year is going on health tourism.”

However, when asked to verify the figures Public Health England said that Farage had misread the 2014 report covering surveillance data for 2013. This report showed that …
Public health campaigns should focus globally on preventing dementia, report says
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers have published evidence to support calls for an enhanced public health effort to combat the global epidemic of dementia. 

The World Alzheimer Report 2014, commissioned by Alzheimer’s Disease International, estimated that 135 million people will be living with dementia by 2050, up from 44 million today.1 The largest increase in dementia prevalence will be in low and middle income countries, said the report, which was published on …
Use of drug eluting stents increases in the US but only for some groups
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In the nine months after the first drug eluting stent was approved in the United States, the new style stent was used in 35% of all angioplasties. Stents—metal scaffold tubes that support arteries after balloon angioplasty—can be coated in a slow release drug to reduce restenosis, in which the artery becomes blocked again.

Use of drug eluting stents rose rapidly, from 20% in the first quarter after its …
Surrogates, substudies, and real clinical end points in trials of drug-eluting stents**Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Dean J. Kereiakes, Richard E. Kuntz, Laura Mauri, Mitchell W. Krucoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)