tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence-Based Medical Monitoring: From Principles to Practice
Authors: John Concato
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 May 2009Evidence-Based Medical Monitoring: From Principles to PracticeJohn Concato, MD, MPHJohn Concato, MD, MPHFrom Veterans Affairs Clinical Epidemiology Research Center and Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Glasziou PP, Irwig L, Aronson JK, eds. 362 pages. Oxford: BMJ Books; 2008. $95.95. ISBN 9781405153997. Order at www.wiley.com.Field of medicine: Clinical practice, from an evidence-based medicine perspective.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Patient-oriented researchers and clinicians interested in generating or applying information to appropriately guide monitoring in health care.Purpose: To “outline the principles needed to guide better monitoring [of chronic or recurrent health conditions] and then illustrate those principles with examples.”Content: The text is divided into 2 parts, covering the theory and practice of medical monitoring, and is subdivided into specific topics. After introductory chapters, sections regarding ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Veterans Affairs Clinical Epidemiology Research Center and Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 May 2009Volume 150, Issue 9Page: 659KeywordsClinical epidemiologyClinical pharmacologyEvidence based medicinePharmacologyRenal transplantationResearch laboratoriesSoftware toolsThyroidUrinary biomarkers ePublished: 5 May 2009 Issue Published: 5 May 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cyclin E and Prognosis in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Robert L Sutherland, Elizabeth A Musgrove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

An early and essential event in the evolution of cancer is loss of the normal control mechanisms responsible for the orderly progression of cells through the cell cycle, with consequent reduced fidelity of DNA replication and inappropriate cell division. Cyclins are the regulatory partners of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which form the molecular control mechanisms responsible for cell-cycle progression.An advanced understanding of cell-cycle control has evolved over the past decade, since it became apparent that the underlying machinery of this fundamental biologic process was conserved during evolution. Indeed, the importance of these control mechanisms and their relevance to human . . .
Boundaries of Conscience
Authors: Eugene J. Gangarosa
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We buy a product—we expect it to be safe. We are especially incensed when products we purchase harm our children. We pay local, state, and federal officials to see that consumers are protected. We have a mechanism to ensure consumer protection—recall and prohibition of interstate shipment. But who protects the children of other lands against our products— products that we know cause disease? There is no mechanism. Our protection, indeed our conscience, seems to extend only to our borders.  Pet turtles are a case in point. A decade of investigations by health authorities documented the widespread occurrence of many thousands of cases of salmonellosis among US children who became ill after exposure to pet turtles. Documentation was so persuasive that by the mid-1970s, the Food and Drug Administrations of the United States and Canada ordered a ban on the sale and shipment of these animals. Subsequent studies conducted in the
Photoprotection: a 21st century perspective
Authors: D.S. Rigel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Photoprotection: a 21st century perspective Get access D.S. Rigel D.S. Rigel Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016, U.S.A Professor D.S.Rigel. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue s61, 1 April 2002, Pages 34–37, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.8.x Published: 01 April 2002
Julie Ann Nash
Authors: Kevin A Nash
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Julie was born in Malta GC on the 9 March 1959 but grew up in Gosport, Hampshire. She was educated at Bay House School before moving to Liverpool in 1977 to study medicine. After appointments at Walton Hospital, Liverpool, Julie started anaesthetic training in Bradford in 1984; returning to Merseyside and gaining the FRCA in 1990. Apart from one …
HIGH DOSES OF ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: S.G. Tan, W.J. Cunliffe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article HIGH DOSES OF ASCORBIC ACID Get access S.G. Tan, S.G. Tan The General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.J. Cunliffe W.J. Cunliffe The General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue 6, 1 December 1975, Page 731, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb05132.x Published: 01 December 1975
Cadmium and Proliferation in Human Uterine Leiomyoma Cells: Evidence of a Role for EGFR/MAPK Pathways but Not Classical Estrogen Receptor Pathways
Authors: Xiaohua Gao, Linda Yu, Alicia B. Moore, Grace E. Kissling, Michael P. Waalkes, Darlene Dixon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

It has been proposed that cadmium (Cd) is an environmental "metalloestrogen" and that its action is mediated via the estrogen receptor (ER). Cd mimics the effects of estrogen in the rat uterus, and blood Cd concentrations positively correlate with ER levels in uteri of women with fibroids.In the present study we explored whether Cd could stimulate proliferation of estrogen-responsive human uterine leiomyoma (ht-UtLM) cells and uterine smooth muscle cells (ht-UtSMCs) through classical interactions with ERα and ERβ, or by nongenomic mechanisms.We used estrogen response element (ERE) reporters, phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinase arrays, Western blot analysis, estrogen binding, and cell proliferation assays to evaluate the effects of Cd on ht-UtLM cells and ht-UtSMCs.Cd stimulated growth of both cell types at lower concentrations and inhibited growth at higher concentrations (≥ 50 μM). Cd did not significantly bind to ERα or ERβ, nor did it show transactivation in both cell types transiently transfected with ERE reporter genes. However, in both cells types, Cd (0.1 μM and 10 μM) activated p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2), and a MAPK inhibitor (PD98059) abrogated Cd-induced cell proliferation. Cd in ht-UtLM cells, but not in ht-UtSMCs, activated the growth factor receptors EGFR, HGFR, and VEGF-R1 upstream of MAPK. Additional studies in ht-UtLM cells showed that AG1478, an EGFR inhibitor, abolished Cd-induced phosphorylation of EGFR and MAPK.Our results show that low concentrations of Cd stimulated cell proliferation in estrogen-responsive uterine cells by nongenomic activation of MAPK, but not through classical ER-mediated pathways.
Hypercalcemia: Serum Chloride and Phosphate
Authors: Antti Aro, Risto Pelkonen, Arto Sivula
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 May 1977Hypercalcemia: Serum Chloride and PhosphateANTTI ARO, M.D., RISTO PELKONEN, M.D., ARTO SIVULA, M.D.ANTTI ARO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RISTO PELKONEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARTO SIVULA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-664_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the December 1976 issue Pak and Townsend (1) questioned the usefulness of the serum chloride/phosphate ratio in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Our experience indicates that the measurement of serum chloride and phosphate concentrations is of diagnostic value in hypercalcemia, even though the chloride/phosphate ratio has proved ineffective also in our practice.We recently studied a series of 64 patients with hypercalcemia for a review article published in Finnish (2). Included were 40 patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism, 17 with malignant disease, most of them with skeletal involvement, four with vitamin D intoxication, and three...References1. PAKTOWNSEND CJ: Chloride/phosphorus in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 85:830, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. ARO A: Differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia. Duodecim (Helsinki) 91:436-447, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. PALMERNELSONBACCHUS FJH: The chloride-phosphate ratio in hypercalcemia. Ann Intern Med 80:200-204, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar4. REEVESPALMERBACCHUS CFH: Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia by the chloride/phosphate ratio. Am J Surg 130:166-171, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ANTTI ARO, M.D.; RISTO PELKONEN, M.D.; ARTO SIVULA, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUrinary LithiasisLaboratory Diagnosis of Primary HyperparathyroidismDiagnosis of HyperparathyroidismValue of laboratory tests in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 664-664KeywordsAttentionChloridesHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidismIntoxicationPhosphatesVitamin D ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Double-Blind Study of the Effectiveness and Specificity of Injection Therapy in Ragweed Hay Fever
Authors: Francis C. Lowell, William Franklin, Marsha Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

INJECTIONS of allergenic extracts as a means of mitigating the effects of seasonal exposure to pollens, to be referred to as injection therapy, has been practiced for over fifty years. The number of patients in this country receiving injection therapy is unknown, but it must be very large — probably of the order of 1,000,000. The mere magnitude of this medical enterprise might suffice as evidence for its efficacy except that objective criteria for success or failure are lacking and that factors other than injection treatment may profoundly influence the course of pollenosis and the opinion of both patient and . . .
On the Pathology of Ileus
Authors: R. Beveridge
Journal: BMJ (1868)

more closely than any other distinct dyspncea, yet cases of heart disease are not so often confounded With asthma as are cases of bronchitis, and for these two reasons:-first, because wnith a great many people, especially in the lower and lower middle classes, bronchitis commonly goes by the name of asthma-an old man coughs and spits and wheezes, and tells you hie is asthmatic.And secondly, because a great many cases of bronchitis arc complicated with true asthma-bronchial spasm is an in- tegral part of the condition; the patient has asthma not because he has not bronchitis beut because he has bronchitis ; his bronchial tubes contract hecaus they are inflamed.The error, therefore, in such a case does not lie in the recognition of the asthma, but in the non-recognition of the bronchitis which is the immediate cause of the asthma, and the substantive disease.The principal points of contrast between bronchitis and pure asthma alre the following.IN BRONCHITIS.IN ASTHMA.The typical sounds are moist.The typical sounds are dry.Cough is always l)rcsellt.Often there is no cough.The winter is the Aw-orst time of The hot weather of summer and the year, often the only time.autumn is the worst time of the year.Cause catarrhal.Cause emotional, dietetic, and various.Sputum more or less purulent.Sputum, if any, non-purulent.Severe dyspurca never evan-The severest paroxysm maycome escent.and go quickly and suddenly.Often ends in dropsy.If uncomplicated never produces dropsy.
The X-ray Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adults: Pathologic, Hemodynamic and Clinical Correlations as Related to Chest Film
Authors: Ann Maravilla
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The second edition of<i>The X-ray Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants, Children, and Adults</i>comes after an 11-year hiatus. Happily the authors have maintained their premise of providing a text to be used primarily as a basic introductory working volume. The book's outstanding feature, which made the original edition so valuable and has been carried over and amplified in the second edition, is the emphasis on approach to the plain film and simple format for arriving at a differential diagnosis. The book is handsomely illustrated with quality pictures, instructive diagrams, and valuable charts. The authors have expanded the material to include congenital heart disease as it manifests itself in the adult patient. All other chapters have also been extensively updated, and two new chapters on cyanotic congenital heart disease and complex congenital heart disease have been added. The chapter on complex congenital heart disease is particularly notable, since
Medicare Deadlock in Quebec
Authors: David V. Bates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The present state of deadlock between the government of the province of Quebec and the medical specialists in the province has followed a series of maneuvers that not only have been complex and difficult to follow in themselves, but also have most recently been intertwined with a serious political crisis. Yet the issues are of fundamental importance to the medical profession, and for this reason merit the attention of anyone interested in the changing interface between the profession and the government.With the passage of "Bill 8" through the provincial legislature in June, 1970, the provincial government sought to establish . . .
Dorsal Penile Nerve Block for Circumcision-Reply
Authors: Howard Stang
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the cautious comments of Drs Schoen and Fischell, but remain confident of our original findings and recommendations for more humane circumcisions. The statement that "there has been only limited experience with DPNB" is speculative and difficult to substantiate. It has been ten years since the procedure was first described and there have been multiple reports of its use from across the country, as referenced in our article. In addition, the same procedure has been used for many years by urologists for postoperative analgesia for penile surgeries and has been reported to be "safe, simple to achieve [anesthesia], and free from complications."1 Finally, our group of pediatricians has performed more than 2000 circumcisions with DPNB without any clinically significant complications noted (unpublished data). Dorsal penile nerve block minimally prolongs the length of the procedure. In practice, the child is given the injection while in his crib, examined,
Prospective validation of Baveno V definitions and criteria for failure to control bleeding in portal hypertension
Authors: Sun Young Ahn, Soo Young Park, Won Young Tak, Yu Rim Lee, Eun Jeong Kang, Jung Gil Park, Won Kee Lee, Kwan Lee, Young Oh Kweon
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

New definitions and criteria were released at the Baveno V consensus meeting. The purposes of this study were to verify Baveno V definitions and criteria for failure to control bleeding and to determine the usefulness of the combined use of the Adjusted Blood Requirement Index [ABRI: (number of blood units)/(final hematocrit‐initial hematocrit)+0.01] with Baveno V criteria. In all, 246 consecutive liver cirrhosis patients with acute bleeding associated with portal hypertension were enrolled prospectively between January 2010 and October 2012. The treatment outcome on day 5 was assessed by endoscopy. For the ABRI calculation, two hematocrit levels were used as the initial hematocrit: the first level measured upon patient arrival (ABRI‐A) and the lowest level measured before transfusion (ABRI‐B). Treatment failures were identified in 53 patients, of whom 24 died. Based on repeated endoscopic findings, 29 patients were identified as treatment failures, while according to Baveno V criteria, 47 patients were regarded as treatment failures. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of Baveno V criteria was 0.906, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were 83.0%, 98.4%, 93.6%, 95.5%, 53.41, and 0.17, respectively. The AUROC of Baveno V criteria was significantly greater than those of Baveno IV ( P = 0.0001) and Baveno II/III ( P &lt; 0.0001) criteria. Adding ABRI‐A or ‐B to Baveno V criteria resulted in a significant reduction of the AUROC ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion : The Baveno V criteria are good predictors of treatment failure of early‐stage acute gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension, while the addition of ARBI does not improve the prediction accuracy of the outcome of bleeding. (H epatology 2015;61:1033–1040)
What Should Polio Immunization Policy Be? Public Health Service Expects Advice Soon
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

IN A FEW WEEKS, the Public Health Service will receive the advice it sought last year when it commissioned the Institute of Medicine to reevaluate poliomyelitis immunization policy in the United States (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2633). The problem centers on the very few cases of paralysis that occur with the use of the live-virus oral vaccine and whether they can be avoided by switching to the inactivated vaccine that carries no such risk. On the average, there are eight cases of paralytic poliomyelitis a year in the United States, directly or indirectly caused by the oral vaccine. So far society has been willing to pay this price to prevent the disease. But changing circumstances are forcing those involved in public health, immunization, and the virology of poliomyelitis to take another look. At a recent two-day meeting, they discussed the issues raised by this situation. In dealing with the problem the essential questions
PRETUBERCULAR CONDITIONS AND THE TREATMENT OF ASSOCIATED ANEMIA BY HYPODERMIC INJECTIONS OF IRON AND ARSENIC.
Authors: B. R. SHURLY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is a well-recognized fact that pulmonary tuberculosis is the cause of more deaths than any other one disease, except pneumonia. In the state of Michigan our mortality record for some years has averaged above 2,500, while in Detroit our last report shows that 327 individuals died from this cause. We are all familiar with the fact that nearly one-seventh of all persons die of tuberculosis, and more than 50 per cent. of the remainder give postmortem evidences of tuberculous foci that had remained dormant or succumbed entirely to the antitoxic properties of our cells. If this latter astounding and well-conceded fact is true, seven out of ten individuals that reach late adult life have been infected with tuberculosis. The profession and the laity are awakened to the stupendous problem at hand. Many of us appreciate our inefficiency in battling with the ravages of this disease. We are especially apt
Cystic Fibrosis in an Oriental Child
Authors: Chun-I Wang, Walter T. Sumi, Robert Stanton, Sheila Kwok, James N. Yamazaki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

CYSTIC fibrosis is a genetic disease transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The disease is mainly found in Caucasians.1 The statistical data of the National Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation in 19672 indicated that 98.4 per cent of patients known to have cystic fibrosis were Caucasians, 1.4 per cent were American Negroes, and only 0.2 per cent were of other races. None were Orientals.This paper reports the occurrence of cystic fibrosis in an Oriental girl. Her father came from Korea, and her mother from Okinawa. There were no known intermarriages with Caucasians in either family. To our knowledge, she is . . .
Development of autoimmune disease in SCID mice populated with long-term "in vitro" proliferating (NZB x NZW)F1 pre-B cells.
Authors: L Reininger, T Radaszkiewicz, M Kosco, F Melchers, A G Rolink
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Pre-B cell lines proliferating for several months on stromal cells in the presence of interleukin 7 (IL-7) were established from fetal liver of (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. They express the B lineage-specific markers PB76, B220, and VpreB, but do not express surface immunoglobulin (sIg). Upon removal of IL-7 from the culture, they differentiate to sIg+ B cells that can then be stimulated by lipopolysaccharide to become IgM-secreting cells. Transfer of these pre-B cell lines into SCID mice leads to hypergammaglobulinemia of IgM (600-900 micrograms/ml), IgG2a (1-3 mg/ml), and IgG3 (300-500 micrograms/ml) for the next 3-5 mo. The spleen appears populated with (NZB x NZW)F1-derived pre-B cells, few B cells, and many IgM and/or IgG-producing plasma cells. In contrast, SCID mice populated with pre-B cell lines of normal (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 mouse fetal liver develop normal levels of serum IgM (approximately 100-300 micrograms/ml), almost no detectable levels of IgG, and no plasma cell hyperplasia. The (NZB x NZW)F1 pre-B cell-populated SCID mice contain elevated serum titers of IgG antinuclear autoantibodies, but no retroviral gp70-specific nor erythrocyte-specific autoantibodies. Up to 20% of the SCID mice develop proteinuria as a consequence of IgG deposits in the kidney glomeruli during a 7-mo period of observation. All signs of autoimmune disease seen in these mice are independent of the sex of the SCID host. This experimental system provides a distinction between the disease-determining (NZB x NZW)F1 genes, which are expressed in the B lymphocyte lineage and cause the development of the disease, from those expressed in other cell lineages which only modulate its progression.
Constrictive Pericarditis: Serial Hemodynamic Studies with an Explanation for Reversible Congestive Phenomena
Authors: TIMOTHY R. MURPHY, JULIUS M. MEYER, JULES CHASE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

A new explanation for certain instances of acute reversible congestive phenomena in constrictive pericarditis is offered on the basis of 6 patients studied clinically and by right heart catheterization. In 2 cases intermittent tamponade in the presence of a rigid pericardium accounted for the reversibility of the congestive state, as contrasted with 4 cases presenting the chronic progressive course of classical constrictive pericarditis. The diagnosis in the 6 cases was proved by surgery or autopsy.