tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Clarence Merskey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The place of anti-coagulant therapy for a prolonged period after recovery from acute myocardial infarction is still controversial. A randomized clinical trial of this treatment conducted at the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center,while essentially negative, studied 243 men and 85 women who had recovered from acute myocardial infarction; they were followed up for one to three years. All except 20 patients had participated in the study of anticoagulant therapy for acute myocardial infarction previously reported (222:541, 1972). Those treated with anticoagulants during the period of hospitalization after acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided at the time of discharge into three groups: (1) continuous therapy with anticoagulants for the duration of the study; (2) anticoagulant treatment for one year, then abrupt termination for the remainder of the study; and (3) control, no anticoagulant therapy. An unrandomized group (group 4) (54 men, 13 women), not treated with anticoagulants in
Epidemiology of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: D. Schottenfeld, S. T. Gershman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1978)

Thyroid cancer mortality in the UnitedStates in 1976 has accounted for approxi mately 1,150 deaths, or 0.5 percent of all cancer deaths in women and 0.2 percent in men.'The age-adjusted mortality per 100,000 in 1967 was 0.9 in non-white wom en, 0.6 in white women, and 0.3 in white men and 0.2 in non-white men.2The time trend analysis for age-adjusted mortality (1950)(1951)(1952)(1953)(1954)(1955)(1956)(1957)(1958)(1959)(1960)(1961)(1962)(1963)(1964)(1965)(1966)(1967) indicated significantly de creasing mortality in white women and men.For non-whites, there were no sig nificant trends in age-adjusted mortality (Figure 1).The female:male ratio of age adjusted mortality rates was 2.0 in the white and 4.5 in the non-white populations.For 1976, the American Cancer Society has estimated that there were 5,900 new cases of thyroid cancer in women and 2,200 cases in men.The average annual age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 as determined by the United States Public
Gastrointestinal haemorrhage complicating Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: R A Coward, C P Gibbons, C B Brown, A T Raftery, M A Parsons, J R Shortland
Journal: BMJ (1985)

zine successfully reduced the incidence of dysphoric reactions it might also antagonise the antiemetic effect of nabilone.The incidences of other side effects were similar in both treatment arms; sedation and dryness of the mouth occurred most commonly and generally were not too troublesome.Indeed, we suspect that with moderately emetogenic cytotoxic regimens5 the occurrence of these side effects could be reduced by using a lower dose of nabilone (1 mg twice daily) without necessarily compromising the control of emesis.Nabilone and prochlorperazine are a good oral antiemetic combination suitable for use with outpatient chemotherapy, but because they are associated with a small incidence of adverse effects on the central nervous system the first course of treatnent should be given under inpatient supervision.We thank Eli Lilly for financial support and Miss A Penrice, our secretary. 1
Procollagen III peptide (PIIIP): Can it reflect hepatic fibrosis?
Authors: Joseph Alcorn, Mario Chojkier
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Immunolocalization of type III collagen and procollagen in cirrhotic human liver was studied using monoclonal antibody specific for the helical determinant of type III collagen extracted from human placenta. Deparaffinized, trypsin-treated cirrhotic liver sections from 8 autopsy cases were examined by the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques. These techniques revealed the localization of this epitope shared by type III collagen and procollagen not only in the extracellular matrix of hepatocytes and sinusoidal cells but also in the cytoplasm. In hepatocellular carcinoma concurrent with cirrhosis, neoplastic cells were shown to react with this antibody as well. These results are consistent with data obtained using antiserum specific for bovine type III procollagen aminopeptide which appeared in our previous report.
In Particular Circumstances Attempting Unproven Interventions Is Permissible and Even Obligatory
Authors: Bruce D. White, Luke C. Gelinas, Wayne N. Shelton
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

I shall do less whenever I shall believe what I am doing hurts the cause, and I shall do more whenever I shall believe doing more will help the cause. I shall try to correct errors when shown to be...
Abstract 1707: A real-time PCR assay for detecting EGFR mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) specimens of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Patrick O'Donnell, Jane Ferguson, Johnny Shyu, Robert Current, Taraneh Rehage, Julie Tsai, Mari Christensen, Ha Bich Tran, Shih-Chang Chien, Wen Wei, H.Jeffrey Lawrence, Stephen Soviero
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract EGFR mutations identify patients with NSCLC who have a high likelihood of benefiting from first-line treatment with anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Sanger sequencing is widely used for mutation detection but can be time-consuming, and has limited sensitivity for low levels of mutations. We describe the analytic performance of the cobas EGFR Mutation Test, a multiplex, 3-reaction real-time PCR assay designed to detect 41 mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21. The mutations detected and the mutation report calls are listed below: The amount of DNA required for the assay (150 ng) can typically be isolated from a single 5-micron FFPET section, and the test can be performed in &amp;lt; 8 hours. Analytic sensitivity was assessed using DNA blends from NSCLC FFPET tumor sections. A &amp;gt;95% hit rate was obtained in blends with &amp;gt;5% mutant alleles for L858R and exon 19 deletions as determined by 454 sequencing (quantitative massively parallel pyrosequencing) at a total DNA input of 150ng, or 50 ng per PCR amplification. The cobas test was compared to 2x bidirectional Sanger sequencing using a set of 152 NSCLC FFPET specimens. The overall percent agreement (OPA) between the 2 methods was 96.7% (negative agreement - NPA 97.5%; positive agreement - PPA 95.8%). Specimens with discordant cobas EGFR Test and Sanger results were analyzed by 454 and a revised agreement analysis was performed based on the composite results of the 3 assays. The revised OPA was 98.7% (NPA 98.8%; PPA 98.6%). The call repeatability of a panel of NSCLC FFPET specimens was 98% when tested with two operators, instruments, and reagent lots. Necrotic tissue, hemoglobin, triglycerides, and common respiratory organisms did not interfere with the assay. The test showed no cross reactivity with the corresponding exon sequences from the HER2, HER3, and HER4 genes. These analytic studies demonstrate that the cobas EGFR Mutation Test is a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1707. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1707
US medical societies call for action on gun violence
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Describing deaths and injuries from gunshot wounds in the United States as “a major public health problem,” eight US health organizations and the American Bar Association are calling for four new policies that they say would reduce firearm related violence without conflicting with the Second Amendment of the US Constitution, which guarantees the right to bear arms.

In a policy statement in the February 23 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine 1 the organizations called for universal background checks on gun purchasers, restrictions on the sale of military-style assault weapons and large capacity magazines, the elimination of physician “gag laws” that limit what doctors can discuss with patients about gun possession and safety, and support for more research into strategies to reduce gun violence. These approaches are similar to public health interventions that have successfully reduced death and injury from tobacco …
Reviews and Notes: Microbiology: Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Edward L. Kaplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 December 1996Reviews and Notes: Microbiology: Infective EndocarditisEdward L. Kaplan, MDEdward L. Kaplan, MDUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-11-199612010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail L Weinstein and JL Brusch. 359 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1996. $75.00. ISBN 0-19-507395-9. Order phone 800-451-7556.Until the mid-1970s, relatively few reference books about infective endocarditis were available. The paucity soon became a plethora! This is the most recent of the many recently published books that discuss this fascinating infectious disease that has immunologic consequences. It was written by a man who has been a distinguished member of the infectious disease community for many years, Louis Weinstein, and his colleague, John Brusch.The book is comprehensive in outline, although perhaps no more so than some previously published ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1996Volume 125, Issue 11Page: 943-944KeywordsAntibiotic prophylaxisCardiac transplantationChildrenClinical epidemiologyClinical laboratoriesEndocarditisInfectious diseasesLibrariesMicrobiologyResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 December 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Foreign Patented Articles.
Authors: None Schering
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York, May 25, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Our attention was recently called to a letter, which appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Associationof March 13, 1897, signed "An American Manufacturer." Since the writer of that letter relates to foreign products which are protected by United States patent, and of which we, ourselves, control a few, we would state that the notice is not only misleading but also an offence to respectable firms. We can not believe that any of the large chemical houses of Germany act in the manner stated in your journal, i.e., "make their own statements and attribute them to some doctor with a foreign name." As far as patents are concerned, would say that comparatively very few chemical products are patentable, since a distinct new result must be shown, and this is not an easy matter. Of all the so-called patent medicines, very
Eosinophilic airway inflammation in nasal polyposis☆☆☆★
Authors: Catherine Lamblin, Philippe Gosset, Fabienne Salez, Lise-Marie Vandezande, Thierry Perez, Jean Darras, Anne Janin, André Bernard Tonnel, Benoît Wallaert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
THE CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS.
Authors: J. A. LARRABEE
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<i>Gentlemen:</i>—Again the bell has struck a warning note upon the horologe of time; again we have assembled for the purpose of contributing our mite to a science which can no longer be called "a conjecture," a science which challenges the admiration of the whole civilized world. Like a "Grand Army of Veterans" we meet around the campfire of the fortieth annual reunion of the American Medical Association. Permit me, then, to greet you as valiant captains of a mighty host of warriors, each bringing the trophies of successful battle with the common enemy of mankind. I see before me those who, amid frosts and snows of a northern winter, have fought the savage foe whose wolfish grasp lay at at the throat of the child; those who, beneath a semi-tropical sun, single-handed and alone have fought the pestilence, which walketh in darkness and which wasteth at noonday; those who,
P229 Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: C Brockwell, S Ampikaipakan, D Sexton, D Price, D Freeman, M Thomas, M Ali, AM Wilson
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes both bronchodilating and anti-inflammatory therapies. However majority of patients with COPD show corticosteroid resistance and alternative therapies are need. AKL1 is a patented botanical formulation containing extracts of <i>Picrorhiza kurroa</i>, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, and <i>Zingiber officinale </i>which has shown anti-inflammatory effects <i>in vitro</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> We undertook a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of AKL1 in patients with a clinical labelled diagnosis of COPD and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score of &lt;17. The 10-week study period comprised a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period followed by add-on treatment with AKL1 or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary study end-point was the change from week 0 to week 8 in cough-related health status, as assessed by the LCQ. Secondary endpoints were St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, MRC dyspnea score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and 6 minute walk test. <h3>Results</h3> Of 33 (19 male) patients mean (SD) age of 67 (9.4) years 57.9 (17.2) FEV1% predicted enrolled into the study, 15 (45%) patients were smokers and 16 (49%) were ex-smokers. Twenty patients were randomised to AKL1 and 13 to placebo. The mean (SD) change from baseline in LCQ score at 8 weeks was 2.3 (4.9) in the AKL1 group and 0.6 (3.7) in the placebo group (p = 0.43). The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score improved significantly more in the AKL1 treatment group (mean [SD], -7.7 [11.7]) than in the placebo group ( + 1.5 [9.3]; p = 0.042). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in change from baseline to week 8 in other patient-reported measures, lung function, or the 6-minute walk distance. Five patients reported adverse events. Chest infections were diagnosed in one patient in each treatment allocation group. In the AKL1 group, one patient reported nightmares and one patient had right shoulder pain at the baseline visit; and one patient had influenza at the final visit. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Further study is needed with a larger patient population and over a longer duration to better assess the effects of add-on therapy with AKL1 in COPD
Tuberculosis outbreak hits the UK
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The United Kingdom is experiencing its most serious outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) for 20 years, with a total of 33 cases now confirmed in Leicester. The outbreak is centred at a secondary school—the Crown Hills Community College—in Evington, Leicester.

Four teachers tested positive for tuberculosis at the end of the first week of April; tuberculosis had been diagnosed in 19 pupils and teachers earlier in the week. Tuberculosis had been diagnosed in three other pupils and three relatives during the previous eight months. Leicestershire Health Authority screened all close contacts of those who had initially been …
Idiopathic Periosteal Hyperostosis with Dysproteinemia
Authors: Richard B. Goldbloom, Paul B. Stein, A. Eisen, J. B. McSheffrey, B. St. John Brown, F. W. Wiglesworth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

DURING the past five years we have encountered 2 unrelated children, a fourteen-year-old boy and a ten-year-old girl, affected by the same unusual syndrome. Both were brought to medical attention because of an acute febrile illness associated with severe pain in the extremities and inability to walk. Both children exhibited striking bone tenderness, accompanied by x-ray evidence of widespread subperiosteal new bone formation in the long bones. In both patients the most notable laboratory finding was a disturbance in the concentrations of various plasma proteins. Gradually, spontaneous clinical recovery occurred, and the radiographic and serum protein abnormalities disappeared. The etiology . . .
France emphasises teaching of general practice
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Faced with a steady increase in young doctors choosing to specialise rather than to practise general medicine, the French government is taking measures to develop and improve the teaching of general practice.

Reforms jointly developed by the ministries of health and of education and research provide for compulsory seminars on general practice during the first two years of the medical course. These seminars will cover such topics as the organisation of professional life, health economics, and public health problems such as addiction, gerontology, …
Myocardial Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dino F. Vitale, Robert O. Bonow, Raffaele Calabro`, Margherita De Cristofaro, Giuseppe Pacileo, Pio Caso, Giusto Gerundo, Carlo Bordini, Maria Angela Losi, Carlo Rengo, Franco Rengo
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has different clinical and prognostic aspects in young than in adult patients. This study was undertaken to determine whether these reported differences are reflected by changes in ultrasonic backscatter parameters and whether oral treatment with verapamil modifies backscatter variables in children with HCM. Methods and Results Sixty-eight subjects underwent backscatter analysis to assess the ultrasonic myocardial reflectivity and the amplitude of the cardiac cycle–dependent variation of the backscatter power curve. Subjects were divided into four groups: 10 HCM and 23 normal subjects &lt;10 years old and 17 HCM and 18 normal adults. Myocardial reflectivity and amplitude of the cyclic variation were assessed in the septum and in the posterior wall of all subjects. The children with HCM were restudied after long-term oral administration of verapamil. Both children and adult patients, compared with the normal control groups, showed a significant reduction in the amplitude of the cyclic variation both in the septum and in the posterior wall. In contrast, myocardial reflectivity, although significantly increased in adult HCM patients, was unchanged in the young HCM group. Verapamil administration did not significantly alter the results in the children with HCM. Conclusions These data demonstrate that in young HCM patients, the ultrasonic myocardial reflectivity is normal, in contrast to the significant increase observed in adult patients affected by the same disease. This observation is in accord with the different clinical manifestations reported in young HCM patients and indicates an age-dependent difference in the echogenic structure of the hypertrophied myocardium in HCM.
ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Implications of dyspepsia for the NHS
Authors: R. Logan, B. Delaney
Journal: BMJ (2001)

There is no precise definition of dyspepsia. It can be defined pragmatically as upper abdominal or retrosternal pain, with or without other symptoms thought to be arising from the upper gastrointestinal tract—which is the approach that has been generally adopted by epidemiological studies.

It has been suggested that dyspeptic symptoms can be categorised as ulcer-like, reflux-like, and dysmotility-like as a guide to the underlying cause. These groups, however, overlap considerably, with mixed patterns being common. Symptom patterns are not strong predictors of underlying disease. Recently it has been proposed that if heartburn or acid regurgitation are the dominant symptoms then these are sufficiently accurate predictors of gastro-oesophageal reflux to make a safe and accurate diagnosis (see next article). Fewer than a fifth of sufferers have this symptom pattern, and the predictive accuracy needs confirmation.

Dyspepsia is common: in a recent UK survey 40% of adults reported having had one or more dyspeptic symptoms in the previous year, and about a half described these as being moderate to severe. Of this group, more than half were taking drugs for dyspepsia (40% of which were prescribed) and 22% had seen their general practitioner about dyspepsia in the previous year. Thus, 9% of all those interviewed reported consulting their doctor about dyspepsia in the previous year.

#### “Alarm” symptoms in patients with dyspepsia suggesting possibility of malignant disease

Most dyspeptic patients have no clinically significant abnormalities on investigation. Up to 20% may have endoscopic reflux oesophagitis, and 15-20% may have peptic ulcer disease, including duodenitis. A declining proportion, currently around 2%, will have a gastric or oesophageal cancer, with other “alarm” symptoms such as dysphagia or weight loss usually …
Needle Biopsy
Authors: Tilde S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1973)

We studied 101 thin-needle biopsy specimens from the breast, lungs, subcutaneous lesions and lymph nodes, thyroid, and pancreas. An 18-gauge needle attached to a 5-ml syringe was employed for biopsy. The lung specimens were obtained using television fluoroscopy and those from the pancreas only at laparotomy. Thirty-one malignant neoplasms were diagnosed—4 from the breast, 12 from the lung, 11 from subcutaneous masses and lymph nodes, and 4 from the pancreas. There were no false-positive diagnoses. This inexpensive technique is rapid and often may be done in the office. Sometimes, with this procedure, hospitalization and surgery can be prevented, and at other times, vitally essential surgical procedures can be hastened.
Trends in duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J R James
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Aetiology of appendicitis SIR,-We read with interest the repeated assertion by Mr D P Burkitt and others that "the geographical distribution of appendicitis indicates that it is a disease associated with modern Western culture" (3 March, p 620).Reports, which often comprised moderately large series of cases of appendicitis, have recently been published from Africa,'-' South America,4 the Middle East,5-7 Malaysia,8 Indonesia,9 China,10 and even the Arctic."1The World Organisation of Gastroenterology re- search committee is conducting a large-scale multinational survey into the presentation of abdominal pain around the world.In every single centre, including Mexico City and Khon Kaen, Thailand, in large series of several hundred cases per centre, the commonest cause of admission to hospital with acute abdominal pain is acute appendicitis.It is not helpful therefore at the present time to equate appendicitis with modem Western culture.The relation between the two-if it exists at all-is undoubtedly far more complex than Mr Burkitt's simplistic assertion.