tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Implantable, Synchronous Pacemaker for the Long-Term Correction of Complete Heart Block
Authors: DAVID A. NATHAN, SOL CENTER, CHANG-YOU WU, WALTER KELLER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

An implantable, synchronous cardiac pacemaker for long-term correction of complete heart block has been developed. It has been successfully used in dogs for periods up to eight months. The performance of the pacemaker during normal sinus rhythm and atrial arrhythmias is illustrated with electrocardiograms. After implantation of the pacemaker, the dogs have returned to completely normal activity and have tolerated all physical exercises well. [see figure in the PDF file]
Antibiotics and acute purulent rhinitis: There is no significant difference between antibiotics
Authors: Christopher J Cates
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Gornall is correct to raise the issue of Roy Meadow's and David Southall's omission from the reference list in the Child Protection Companion. 1 2 Southall, along with others, made contributions to the sections on fabricated and induced illness and imposed airway obstruction in chapter 6 of the Companion.Considerable notice was taken of Southall's views on these topics.The editorial group discussed how to manage the references throughout the book and, for these sections, chose to reference only the two documents on fabricated and induced illness produced by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2002) and the Department of Health (2002).We think that these documents covered the topic and referenced all the essential authors on this topic.In retrospect, however, the lack of appropriate reference to both Southall and Meadow is unsatisfactory, and their important work should have been acknowledged more fully.Unfortunately, at the time of the preparation of the content of the Companion, the two professors were involved in the disciplinary process of the General Medical Council, which has still not been concluded in relation to Meadow and which reached an unfavourable outcome with regard to Southall.We debated their difficult situation.We were concerned for them as individuals, particularly as they have both worked tirelessly in promoting the welfare and safety of children.We were also concerned about the outcome of the GMC hearings.We recognised the potential impact that an adverse outcome would have on the retention and recruitment of paediatricians into child protection and also considered any implications for the Companion, which we were in the process of producing.It is possible that had we referenced the two professors more fully, this could have provided lawyers and journalists with ammunition to undermine the value of the Companion.We were always mindful of the objectives that we had set ourselves in producing the Companion.It was never intended to be a fully referenced textbook, and many seminal papers are therefore not referenced.
Relationship Between Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and Urinary Excretion of <i>N</i>-Acetylalucosaminidase and Albumin Determined at Onset of NIDDM With 3-Year Follow-up
Authors: Toshikazu Yamanouchi, Takahiro Kawasaki, Tomoe Yoshimura, Tae Inoue, Eri Koshibu, Nobuyuki Ogata, Hirono Funato, Ieo Akaoka, Hideo Miyashita
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE This prospective study was designed to elucidate the relationship between the serum level of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5AG) and the urinary excretion of N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and albumin in patients who were in the early stages of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 1,062 male nondiabetic subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were monitored for blood glucose level once every 2–3 months, and the values were evaluated. Of these 1,062 subjects, 112 showed a worsening of glycemia during the observation period to the level seen in diabetes. We began to monitor the glycemia and parameters of renal damage in the 112 patients from the onset of diabetes. RESULTS The urinary excretion of NAG and albumin were elevated even at the onset of diabetes. The abnormal excretion of NAG and albumin was associated with a change in serum 1,5AG and was quickly reversible when the serum 1,5AG improved. In the 3 years after the onset of diabetes, we obtained at least 18 measurements of one parameter for each patient and calculated the mean. Urinary NAG was found to be significantly correlated with the fasting plasma level of glucose (FPG; r = 0.512, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), the level of HbA1 (r = 0.351, P = 0.001), and the level of 1,5AG (r = −0.790, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The urinary excretion of albumin was weakly but significantly correlated with levels of FPG (r = 0.383, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and HbA1 (r = 0.337, P = 0.0001), but it was more strongly correlated with 1,5AG (r = −0.632, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The level of 1,5AG was significantly correlated with FPG (r = −0.681, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and HbA1 (r = −0.609, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS When the renal damage is not severe, the serum level of 1,5AG appeared to be an indicator of the reversible renal damage caused by hyperglycemia, as well as of the severity of the glycemia itself.
Gastrointestinal cancer and nutrition
Authors: O. Gregor, R. Toman, F. Prusova
Journal: Gut (1969)

The hypothesis upon which this study was based is that there is a relationship between mortality from gastrointestinal cancer and living standards. On this basis we found significant correlations between the intake of animal proteins and the mortality rates for gastric and intestinal cancer. The negative correlation coefficient (r = − 0·85) is an expression of the inverse relationship between gastric and intestinal cancer mortality rates. This inverse relationship is also expressed as the correlation between the food intake, expressed by the intake of animal protein, and the respective mortality rates. The higher the food intake, the lower the gastric cancer mortality rate but the higher the intestinal cancer mortality rate. We do not claim that this relationship discovered by correlation analysis is a causal one. On the basis of this study it cannot therefore be said that food intake has a direct effect on the development of gastrointestinal cancer. In this respect our findings can only be a signal for further studies. Secondly no time lag has been proved between food intake and the mortality rate for intestinal cancer. The findings relating to gastric cancer do not contradict the hypothesis of a time lag.
Sealed Perforated Duodenal Ulcer Discovered During Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: N. Alexakis, M. M. Konstadoulakis, E. Leandros, K. Albanopoulos, J. Bramis
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

During laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) there is possibility of discovering concomitant occult intra-abdominal pathology and the surgeon must be prepared to undertake the appropriate procedure. We evaluated the incidence of latent perforated duodenal ulcer in 5539 patients who underwent LC for gallstone disease at our unit between November 1991 and November 2001. Seven (0.13 %) cases of perforated duodenal ulcer were discovered. Following the diagnosis of the perforation, laparoscopic suturing and omental patch repair was carried out in four patients, open repair with selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty in two patients and an open suture and omental patch repair in one patient. In all cases the cholesystectomy was completed successfully.
King's Fund proposes health development bank
Authors: J. Cresswell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A health development bank modelled on Railtrack could help solve the problems of the private finance initiative in Britain, according to an independent health think tank.

The King's Fund believes this will help combat the failure of the private finance initiative and the resulting stalemate on large scale NHS projects such as hospital building (26 April, p 1222). Shortly before the election Chris Smith, then Labour health spokesman, said that the party would consider the proposals along with other options to try to develop public-private partnerships in the …
Points: McIlroy was here. Or was he?
Authors: P O G Ehrhardt
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A N Bamji (14 April, p 973) with great interest.We were medical students resident in separate Dublin hospitals in 1966.At this time McIlroy appeared at the casualty department of the Royal City of Dublin Hospital complaining of chest pain.One of us (JRN) was connecting him to an ECG machine which required to be earthed.Unfortunately, this was not done and the patient obviously experienced an electric shock.He leapt from the trolley and, putting his finger over his tracheostomy, confirmed in no uncertain terms that this was the case.He took his own discharge.Later that evening this somewhat ruffled student called at the Adelaide Hospital three kilometres or so away.There CED was found to be examining McIlroy, still complain- ing of chest pain but not referring to his recent experience.When he saw JRN he had the grace to look a little embarrassed.The ECG machine in the Adelaide Hospital evidently caused the patient no further upset-and the tracing showed no abnormality.Nevertheless, he spent a comfortable night in hospital and subsequently took his own discharge.There is no doubt in our minds that this man was McIlroy....
Defective anti-polysaccharide response and splenic marginal zone disorganization in ALPS patients
Authors: Bénédicte Neven, Julie Bruneau, Marie-Claude Stolzenberg, Isabelle Meyts, Aude Magerus-Chatinet, Leen Moens, Nina Lanzarotti, Sandra Weller, Denise Amiranoff, Benoit Florkin, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Guy Leverger, Alice Ferster, Christophe Chantrain, Stéphane Blanche, Capucine Picard, Thierry Jo Molina, Nicole Brousse, Anne Durandy, Marta Rizzi, Xavier Bossuyt, Alain Fischer, Frederic Rieux-Laucat
Journal: Blood (2014)
Efficacy and safety of simeprevir with PegIFN/ribavirin in naïve or experienced patients infected with chronic HCV genotype 4
Authors: Christophe Moreno, Christophe Hezode, Patrick Marcellin, Stefan Bourgeois, Sven Francque, Didier Samuel, Fabien Zoulim, Jean-Didier Grange, Umesh Shukla, Oliver Lenz, Sivi Ouwerkerk-Mahadevan, Bart Fevery, Monika Peeters, Maria Beumont, Wolfgang Jessner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
The Diabetes Education Study: A Controlled Trial of the Effects of Diabetes Patient Education
Authors: Steven A Mazzuca, Nicky H Moorman, Madelyn L Wheeler, James A Norton, Naomi S Fineberg, Frank Vinicor, Stuart J Cohen, Charles M Clark
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

The Diabetes Education Study (DIABEDS) was a randomized, controlled trial of the effects of patient and physician education. This article describes a systematic education program for diabetes patients and its effects on patient knowledge, skills, self-care behaviors, and relevant physiologic outcomes. The original sample consisted of 532 diabetes patients from the general medicine clinic at an urban medical center. Patients were predominantly elderly, black women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of long duration. Patients randomly assigned to experimental groups (N = 263) were offered up to seven modules of patient education. Each content area module contained didactic instruction (lecture, discussion, audio-visual presentation), skill exercises (demonstration, practice, feedback), and behavioral modification techniques (goal setting, contracting, regular follow-up). Two hundred seventy-five patients remained in the study throughout baseline, intervention, and postintervention periods (August 1978 to July 1982). Despite the requirement that patients demonstrate mastery of educational objectives for each module, postintervention assessment 11–14 mo after instruction showed only rare differences between experimental and control patients in diabetes knowledge. However, statistically significant group differences in self-care skills and compliance behaviors were relatively more numerous. Experimental group patients experienced significantly greater reductions in fasting blood glucose (−27.5 mg/dl versus −2.8 mg/dl, P &amp;lt; 0.05) and glycosylated hemoglobin (−0.43% versus + 0.35%, P &amp;lt; 0.05) as compared with control subjects. Patient education also had similar effects on body weight, blood pressure, and serum creatinine. Continued follow-up is planned for DIABEDS patients to determine the longevity of effects and subsequent impact on emergency room visits and hospitalization.
The St. Jude valve. Thrombolysis as the first line of therapy for cardiac valve thrombosis.
Authors: H Silber, S S Khan, J M Matloff, A Chaux, M DeRobertis, R Gray
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Thrombolytic therapy is a promising alternative to valve replacement in the management of prosthetic valve thrombosis. We sought to determine the short- and long-term results of treating thrombosed St. Jude heart valves with thrombolytic therapy as the primary treatment modality. METHODS AND RESULTS Between March 1978 and December 1991, 988 patients underwent implantation of St. Jude prosthetic valves at our medical center, and all patients with thrombosed valves were identified prospectively. During this period, 17 patients (13 women; mean age, 66.8 +/- 19.0 years) developed prosthetic valve thrombosis (11 aortic, six mitral). In six patients, Coumadin was stopped in preparation for elective surgery. The clinical presentation was congestive heart failure in 13, syncope and fatigue in two, and a cerebrovascular accident in one; one patient was asymptomatic. The average duration of symptoms was 11.7 +/- 12.0 days (range, 1-45 days). Anticoagulation was subtherapeutic in all but one patient at the time of presentation. Cinefluoroscopy was the primary method used for diagnosis and was also used to follow the response to therapy. Twelve patients were treated medically (10 with thrombolytic therapy and two with heparin), three were treated surgically, and two were diagnosed at autopsy. Of the 12 medically treated patients, 10 had marked improvement in leaflet movement and symptoms within 12 hours. Thus, 10 of 12 patients (83%) had a satisfactory response to medical therapy alone. No medically treated patient died or had a major complication resulting in permanent damage. However, four of the 12 medically treated patients had minor complications, including a transient episode of facial weakness in one patient, hematomas in two, and epistaxis in one. Late rethrombosis recurred in two patients in the medically treated group and was successfully retreated with thrombolytic therapy. At 3 months, all patients were alive and well. CONCLUSIONS Thrombolytic therapy can be used as the first line of therapy for thrombosed St. Jude valves with a low risk of permanent side effects and excellent chances of success. In most cases, surgery can be reserved for patients who do not respond to thrombolytic therapy.
Effect of age on pelvic inflammatory disease in nulliparous women using a copper 7 intrauterine contraceptive device.
Authors: M Booth, V Beral, J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Factors affecting the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in a sample of nulliparous women are tabulated and reported briefly. Life-table analyses were used to calculate net rates for the first segment of IUD use. 871 women were inserted with Copper 7 devices in a 30-month period. The disease was diagnosed in 54 women during the 30 months after insertion, and the disease incidence was highest during the first 6 months (3.4 per 100 women); the rate then fell progressively in each successive 6-month period (2, 1.3, .7, and .4 per 100 women). This trend is statistically significant (P .01). Also, the risk of developing the disease was strongly related to age. Cumulative rates were always higher in the younger women at every time interval and decreased as age increased (P .01). Other predisposing factors discovered, besides age, included a history of previous PID (6%), a history of abortion (6%), and a difficult IUD insertion (11%). But the respective rates in women without the disease were not significantly different from those with PID (3, 20, and 9%, respectively). This study cautions young, nulliparous women when choosing IUD contraception because of the infertility likely to result from contracting PID.
P30. The use of HER2 receptors status as a prognostic index for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients
Authors: A Tawfeek
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Tamoxifen has been a standard adjuvant hormonal treatment for estrogen receptor ER positive breast cancer, both in pre and postmenopausal women. It has been noticed that some breast cancer patients don’t respond to tamoxifen as others. In the presented study, HER2 receptor
Methamphetamine-Related Psychiatric Symptoms and Reduced Brain Dopamine Transporters Studied With PET
Authors: Yoshimoto Sekine, Masaomi Iyo, Yasuomi Ouchi, Tsutomu Matsunaga, Hideo Tsukada, Hiroyuki Okada, Etsuji Yoshikawa, Masami Futatsubashi, Nori Takei, Norio Mori
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: A positron emission tomography (PET) study has suggested that dopamine transporter density of the caudate/putamen is reduced in methamphetamine users. The authors measured nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex density, in addition to caudate/putamen density, in methamphetamine users and assessed the relation of these measures to the subjects’ clinical characteristics. METHOD: PET and 2-β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-[11C] fluorophenyl)tropane, a dopamine transporter ligand, were used to measure dopamine transporter density in 11 male methamphetamine users and nine male comparison subjects who did not use methamphetamine. Psychiatric symptoms in methamphetamine users were evaluated by using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and applying a craving score. RESULTS: The dopamine transporter density in all three of the regions observed was significantly lower in the methamphetamine users than the comparison subjects. The severity of psychiatric symptoms was significantly correlated with the duration of methamphetamine use. The dopamine transporter reduction in the caudate/putamen and nucleus accumbens was significantly associated with the duration of methamphetamine use and closely related to the severity of persistent psychiatric symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that longer use of methamphetamine may cause more severe psychiatric symptoms and greater reduction of dopamine transporter density in the brain. They also show that the dopamine transporter reduction may be long-lasting, even if methamphetamine use ceases. Further, persistent psychiatric symptoms in methamphetamine users, including psychotic symptoms, may be attributable to the reduction of dopamine transporter density.
Depression resistant to tricyclic antidepressants.
Authors: R. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1988)

difference of 2 0 cm between social classes I and V.The age standardised difference between manual and non-manual groups was 0 9 cm.Differences between manual and non-manual groups showed a tendency to increase .4ithage, from 0-64 cm in 5 year olds to 1-96 cm in 7 year olds, although the effect did not reach conventional levels of statisti- cal significance (p=0 09).An analysis of height differences in the national child development study cohort (born in 1958) at age 7 showed a mean difference of 3 3 cm between social classes I and II and social class V.3 A study of 5-11 year-olds born in 1960-7 suggested a median difference of 2 cm between manual and nonmanual groups.4Although the differences appear smaller in our study, comparisons require cautious interpretation because of differences in population selection and because of the suggestion in our data that social class differences in height increase with age.What the results show clearly is that important inequalities in height are still present in the first decade of life in Great Britain.
TCR ligand density and affinity determine peripheral induction of Foxp3 in vivo
Authors: Rachel A. Gottschalk, Emily Corse, James P. Allison
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

T cell receptor (TCR) ligation is required for the extrathymic differentiation of forkhead box p3(+) (Foxp3(+)) regulatory T cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that weak TCR stimulation favors induction of Foxp3 in the periphery; however, it remains to be determined how TCR ligand potency influences this process. We characterized the density and affinity of TCR ligand favorable for Foxp3 induction and found that a low dose of a strong agonist resulted in maximal induction of Foxp3 in vivo. Initial Foxp3 induction by weak agonist peptide could be enhanced by disruption of TCR-peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions or alteration of peptide dose. However, time course experiments revealed that Foxp3-positive cells induced by weak agonist stimulation are deleted, along with their Foxp3-negative counterparts, whereas Foxp3-positive cells induced by low doses of the strong agonist persist. Our results suggest that, together, pMHC ligand potency, density, and duration of TCR interactions define a cumulative quantity of TCR stimulation that determines initial peripheral Foxp3 induction. However, in the persistence of induced Foxp3(+) T cells, TCR ligand potency and density are noninterchangeable factors that influence the route to peripheral tolerance.
Childhood leukemia with simultaneously expressed myeloid and lymphoid markers suggesting stem cell origin
Authors: B. N. Terrin, E. J. Studer, N. Wood, T. Mohanakumar, E. C. Russell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract A case study is presented of a leukemic patient whose cells express markers of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. Cells were identified from bone marrow which expressed either myeloid antigens, lymphoid antigens, or both myeloid and lymphoid antigens, indicating a possible common stem cell capable of differentiating along either a lymphoid or myeloid cell lineage. Using specific monoclonal antibodies, 40‐70% of the cells were reactive with anti‐T‐cell antibodies, 50% of the cells were reactive with antibodies to the common ALL antigen (CALLA), and 80‐90% of the cells were reactive with antibodies directed against myeloid antigens. Using double staining techniques, some cells were found to demonstrate only myeloid markers; others, only lymphoid markers; and others, both myeloid and lymphoid markers. These results suggest that a common stem cell is capable of differentiating along both lymphoid and myeloid lineages.
A Tale of Two Mutants
Authors: Ruy Soeiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The primary infection of a host with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is characterized by fever, pharyngitis, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash, oral ulcers, and less frequently, aseptic meningitis1. About three to six weeks after a sexual encounter with or exposure to blood from an HIV-infected person, an initial lymphocytopenia of both CD4 and CD8 cells occurs coincidentally with a profound viremia. Over a period of one week to three months, symptoms, viral antigenemia, and culturable virus decrease spontaneously to undetectable levels, sometimes precipitously, sometimes slowly, but concomitantly with the humoral response to viral antigens. After the lymphocytopenia, relative or . . .
A New Role for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring?
Authors: Thomas G. Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1997)

It has been known for more than 50 years that the blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive patients measured in a medical setting such as a physician's office tends to be higher than in other settings.<sup>1</sup>With the introduction of noninvasive ambulatory BP monitoring, researchers showed that about 20% of patients hypertensive in the physician's office have normal BPs outside the office, a phenomenon usually referred to as white coat hypertension.<sup>2</sup>Whether such patients should be given antihypertensive medication remains controversial, but most experts believe that the best policy is simply to monitor their BP on a regular basis, both in and out of the office.<sup>3</sup>There is also evidence that if patients with white coat hypertension are started on medication, the office BP is reduced but not the BP during the rest of the day.<sup>4</sup>Ambulatory monitoring so far has been used in clinical practice principally