tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate–Induced Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Vascular Smooth Muscles
Authors: Frederic Coussin, Roderick H. Scott, Alan Wise, Graeme F. Nixon
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid released from activated platelets, influences physiological processes in the cardiovascular system via activation of the endothelial differentiation gene (EDG/S1P) family of 7 transmembrane G protein–coupled receptors. In cultured vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, S1P signaling has been shown to stimulate proliferative responses; however, its role in vasoconstriction has not been examined. In the present study, the effects of S1P and EDG/S1P receptor expression were determined in rat VSM from cerebral artery and aorta. S1P induced constriction of cerebral artery, which was partly dependent on activation of p160 ROCK (Rho-kinase). S1P also induced activation of RhoA in cerebral artery with a similar time course to contraction. In aorta, S1P did not produce a constriction or RhoA activation. In VSM myocytes from cerebral arteries, stimulation with S1P gives rise to a global increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , initially generated via Ca 2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum by an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate–dependent pathway. In aorta VSM, a small increase in [Ca 2+ ] i was observed after stimulation at higher concentrations of S1P. S1P induced activation of p42/p44 mapk in aorta and cerebral artery VSM. Subtype-specific S1P receptor antibodies revealed that the expression of S1P 3 /EDG-3 and S1P 2 /EDG-5 receptors is 4-fold higher in cerebral artery compared with aorta. S1P 1 /EDG-1 receptor expression was similar in both types of VSM. Therefore, the ability of S1P to act as a vasoactive mediator is dependent on the activation of associated signaling pathways and may vary in different VSM. This differential signaling may be related to the expression of S1P receptor subtypes.
TCT-711 PROCEDURAL AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF SUBCLAVIAN VERSUS TRANSAORTIC APPROACH FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH SELF-EXPANDABLE COREVALVE: AN ITALIAN MULTICENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Claudia Fiorina, Federico De Marco, Marco De Carlo, Luca Testa, Marianna Adamo, Cristina Giannini, Diego maffeo, Salvatore Curello, Giuseppe Coletti, Giuseppe Bruschi, Stefano Bonardelli, Francesco Bedogni, Anna Sonia Petronio, Federica Ettori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A three-stage genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for late radiotherapy toxicity at 2q24.1
Authors: Laura Fachal, Antonio Gómez-Caamaño, Gillian C Barnett, Paula Peleteiro, Ana M Carballo, Patricia Calvo-Crespo, Sarah L Kerns, Manuel Sánchez-García, Ramón Lobato-Busto, Leila Dorling, Rebecca M Elliott, David P Dearnaley, Matthew R Sydes, Emma Hall, Neil G Burnet, Ángel Carracedo, Barry S Rosenstein, Catharine M L West, Alison M Dunning, Ana Vega
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Sustained Arrhythmias in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Peter R. Kowey, Richard Eisenberg, Toby R. Engel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy are subject to syncope and sudden death. Ambulatory monitoring discloses frequent and complex ventricular ectopy in many of these patients, and the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia suggests an increased risk of sudden death. We prospectively evaluated whether induced sustained arrhythmia could explain episodes of cerebral dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Seven consecutive symptomatic patients (six of whom had an intraventricular gradient of 40 to 130 mm Hg) were subjected to atrial and ventricular stimulation. An electrophysiologic abnormality that would explain the symptoms was identified in every patient: supraventricular tachycardia was present in two, sustained ventricular tachycardia in three, ventricular fibrillation in one, and a prolonged QT interval and dispersion of ventricular refractoriness in one. Antiarrhythmic drugs were selected on the basis of the response to electrophysiologic testing. There has been no recurrence of symptoms in 120 patient-months of follow-up. This experience suggests that arrhythmias are the principal cause of syncope or sudden death in obstructive cardiomyopathy and that electrophysiologic study may be useful in selecting prophylactic therapy. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310:1566–9.)
Young male drivers. Impulse expression, accidents, and violations
Authors: S. H. Schuman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A pilot sample of 288 unmarried male drivers aged 16 to 24 years were interviewed concerning their driving habits, attitudes, accidents, and violations. Differences between successive age groups indicated distinct developmental changes: graduation of the inexperienced, impulsive, but cautious beginner to a self-confident, financially independent, heavier drinking, and more dangerous young adult. Both accident-prone and violation-prone drivers appeared to use the automobile to express impulses. Both sets were more likely to have "working class" characteristics. Accidents also rose simply with exposure (miles driven), but violations did not.
Diagnosis and management of Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: J. Jankowski, H. Barr, K. Wang, B. Delaney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Barrett’s oesophagus affects 2% of the adult population in the West, which makes it one of the most common premalignant lesions after colorectal polyps. Conversion to oesophageal adenocarcinoma is the most important complication of the condition, with a lifetime risk of 5% in men and 3% in women.1 2 3 4 Several large trials investigating surveillance (Barrett’s Oesophagus Surveillance Study (BOSS)), chemoprevention (the Aspirin Esomeprazole Chemoprevention Trial (AspECT)), genetic stratification (EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortium), and endotherapy for high risk individuals are under way to determine the best way to prevent progression to adenocarcinoma. 

There are now several endoscopic alternatives to the long established technique of radical surgical oesophagectomy for treating high grade dysplasia and early mucosal cancer, which avoid the mortality and morbidity of surgery. Recently consensus on optimal management of the condition was reached after a National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) review. It …
Use of oral contraceptives by adolescents and its consequences in Finland 1981-91.
Authors: A. H. Rimpela, M. K. Rimpela, E. A. Kosunen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To study use of oral contraceptives among Finnish teenagers during 1981-91 and how abortions, childbirths, sexually transmitted diseases, and cardiovascular diseases changed during this period. DESIGN--Biannual cross sectional surveys with mailed questionnaires from 1981 onwards and analysis of national statistics. SETTING--Finland. SUBJECTS--A nationwide sample of 14, 16, and 18 year olds. Sample size varied from 1249 to 3887 and response rate from 85% to 94%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Proportion taking oral contraceptive, fertility and abortion rates, hospital discharge rates, rates of sexually transmitted diseases. RESULTS--The proportion of teenagers taking oral contraceptives increased steadily. In 1991 the percentages among 14, 16, and 18 year olds were 2%, 18%, and 41% compared with 0.2%, 7% and 22% in 1981. Most users had a steady partner (80% of 16 year olds and 85% of 18 year olds). By 1989 rates of abortion had fallen from 12/1000 to 9.3/1000 in 16 year olds and from 25/1000 to 19.2/1000 in 18 year olds; fertility rates had fallen from 4.5/1000 to 2.3/1000 and from 23.5/1000 to 15.3/1000 respectively. Rates in 14 year olds fell only slightly. Gonorrhoea infection fell and HIV infection remained rare. Rates of hospital discharge after thromboembolic venous disease rose slightly. CONCLUSIONS--The increased use of oral contraceptives is the most likely explanation for decreasing abortion and fertility rates among teenagers. Increased reliance on the condom because of the threat of AIDS may increase unwanted pregnancies.
Role of Endothelin-A Receptors in Ischemic Contracture and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Friedrich Brunner, Lionel H. Opie
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Circulating endothelin (ET)-1 is elevated in ischemia/reperfusion and may exert proischemic effects. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of ET-1 in rat isolated hearts using subtype-selective ET receptor antagonists, agents modulating the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, or the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Methods and Results —Rat hearts perfused at constant pressure were made ischemic by reducing flow to 0.2 mL · min -1 · g −1 , followed by reperfusion at normal pressure (each phase, 25 minutes). Drugs were infused during the ischemic phase only. Parameters monitored were extent and time-to-onset of contracture in ischemia, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP), coronary flow (CF), and diastolic relaxation during reperfusion. The ET A receptor-selective antagonist PD 155080 (50 nmol/L) reduced peak ischemic contracture (−49%) and delayed its time to onset (+56%) and improved recovery of reperfusion LVDevP (+12%), CF (+16%), and diastolic relaxation (+50%). Infusion of an ET A /ET B -nonselective antagonist, PD 142893 (200 nmol/L), had similar effects on all parameters, whereas infusion of BQ-788 (20 nmol/L), an ET B receptor-selective antagonist, was without effect. Exogenous ET-1 (100 pmol/L) hastened contracture and increased its extent (+23%) and reduced recovery of both LVDevP (−31%) and CF (−18%), effects that were counteracted by HOE 642 (10 μmol/L), a Na + /H + exchange inhibitor, but not by nicardipine (30 μmol/L), a Ca 2+ entry blocker; activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase by the cell-permeable cGMP analog Sp-8-p-chlorophenylthioguanosine-3’,5’-cyclic monophosphorothioate (10 μmol/L) improved function without preventing the effects of ET-1. Conclusions —The data indicate that ET-1 exacerbates ischemic contracture and worsens ventricular and coronary reperfusion dysfunction by activating ET A receptors via a mechanism likely involving activation of Na + /H + exchange in this model.
Gastroscopy in Clinical Medicine
Authors: F. Steigmann
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Gastroscopy, the examination of the interior of the stomach, originated in 1873 when Kussmaul introduced a 13-mm-caliber metal pipe into the stomach of a professional sword swallower. It was Mickulicz, however, who in 1881 first visualized the pylorus and thus stimulated many others to study this procedure. It was not until 1910 that Loening and Stieda produced the first, easily usable, nonflexible gastroscope. In 1923, Schindler<sup>2</sup>presented an atlas of colored gastroscopic pictures, the result of many examinations without untoward reactions and thus removed the fear of gastroscopy. His introduction in 1932 of the flexible Wolf-Schindler gastroscope heralded a new era, since the new scope made gastroscopy easier, almost dangerless, and a routine procedure in many hospitals, thus aiding in the solution of many diagnostic and therapeutic problems in stomach diseases. <h3>Gastroscopy as a Diagnostic Tool</h3> Gastroscopy, which started in Germany but flourished in the United States since 1932 under
Diagnostic accuracy study of multiplex PCR for detecting tuberculosis drug resistance
Authors: B. Molina-Moya, A. Lacoma, C. Prat, E. Pimkina, J. Diaz, N. García-Sierra, L. Haba, J. Maldonado, S. Samper, J. Ruiz-Manzano, V. Ausina, J. Dominguez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Primary cutaneous infection by Aspergillus ustus in a 62-year-old liver transplant recipient
Authors: Matthew J. Stiller, Lewis Teperman, Stanley A. Rosenthal, Anne Riordan, Jonathan Potter, Jerome L. Shupack, Morris A. Gordon
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)

We report the first case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus, a species that seldom infects human beings. The patient, a 62-year-old liver transplant recipient with end-stage hepatitis C-induced cirrhosis, was receiving the experimental immunosuppressive drug FK-506. Trauma to the skin of the right arm from tape and from an arm board holding intravenous and intraarterial catheters in place and to the left leg from an occlusive knee brace may have contributed to this unusual mycosis. The patient's cutaneous aspergillosis responded to a combination of intravenous amphotericin B and topical terbinafine cream. Although the patient died shortly thereafter from hepatic failure, there was no evidence of systemic aspergillosis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:344-7.) We report the first case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus ustus, a species that seldom infects human beings. The patient, a 62-year-old liver transplant recipient with end-stage hepatitis C-induced cirrhosis, was receiving the experimental immunosuppressive drug FK-506. Trauma to the skin of the right arm from tape and from an arm board holding intravenous and intraarterial catheters in place and to the left leg from an occlusive knee brace may have contributed to this unusual mycosis. The patient's cutaneous aspergillosis responded to a combination of intravenous amphotericin B and topical terbinafine cream. Although the patient died shortly thereafter from hepatic failure, there was no evidence of systemic aspergillosis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:344-7.)
Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Anxiety Disorders During Adolescence and Early Adulthood
Authors: Jeffrey G. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextCigarette smoking is associated with some anxiety disorders, but the direction of the association between smoking and specific anxiety disorders has not been determined.ObjectiveTo investigate the longitudinal association between cigarette smoking and anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults.DesignThe Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation.Setting and ParticipantsCommunity-based sample of 688 youths (51% female) from upstate New York interviewed in the years 1985-1986, at a mean age of 16 years, and in the years 1991-1993, at a mean age of 22 years.Main Outcome MeasureParticipant cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders in adolescence and early adulthood, measured by age-appropriate versions of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.ResultsHeavy cigarette smoking (≥20 cigarettes/d) during adolescence was associated with higher risk of agoraphobia (10.3% vs 1.8%; odds ratio [OR], 6.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-30.17), generalized anxiety disorder (20.5% vs 3.71%; OR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.84-16.66), and panic disorder (7.7% vs 0.6%; OR, 15.58; 95% CI, 2.31-105.14) during early adulthood after controlling for age, sex, difficult childhood temperament; alcohol and drug use, anxiety, and depressive disorders during adolescence; and parental smoking, educational level, and psychopathology. Anxiety disorders during adolescence were not significantly associated with chronic cigarette smoking during early adulthood. Fourteen percent and 15% of participants with and without anxiety during adolescence, respectively, smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day during early adulthood (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.36-2.14).ConclusionOur results suggest that cigarette smoking may increase risk of certain anxiety disorders during late adolescence and early adulthood.
1018-147 Comparison of retrospectively electrocardiogram-gated, multislice spiral computed tomography and selective coronary angiography in the analysis of stent permeability after left main or ostial coronary artery angioplasty
Authors: E Maupas, D Carrié, M Elbaz, M Bennaceur, H Rousseau, F Joffre, J Puel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Mitral annular calcification, aortic sclerosis, and incident stroke in American Indians free of clinical cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jorge R. Kizer, David O. Wiebers, Jack P. Whisnant, James M. Galloway, Thomas K. Welty, Elisa T. Lee, Lyle Best, Mary J. Roman, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Tools to Assess Clinical Skills of Medical Trainees—Reply
Authors: Jennifer R. Kogan
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trypsin inhibition, calcium and zinc ion binding of starch–g-poly(acrylic acid) copolymers and starch/poly(acrylic acid) mixtures for peroral peptide drug delivery
Authors: D Ameye, J Voorspoels, P Foreman, J Tsai, P Richardson, S Geresh, J.P Remon
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2001)
The Scientific Attitude
Authors: E. Rush Priest
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In eight short chapters Dr Grinnell considers the would-be scientist's development and philosophic tools and seeks to inform his audience about the scientific attitude. He details the maturation from interested undergraduate student to postdoctoral fellow, stressing the growth, transmission, and maintenance of a "thought-style." He then relates this style to the current and ongoing scientific collective. His major tenets are the permanently tentative nature of science ("error is the stuff of science") and the assumption of universal, intersubjective validity. The latter is based on a natural world in which there is an underlying order of consequential relationships among events, with universal laws describing these relationships. He includes advice on evaluating graduate programs and choosing a research adviser. Grinnell writes clearly. He uses well-chosen metaphors and parallels with medicine, eg, "The meaning of objects such as cells includes their surroundings." The text is replete with cogent medical examples, many not well
The Many Stories of My Mother’s Death
Authors: Paul B. Bascom
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Wenckebach Periods of Alternate Beats
Authors: M. SUSANA HALPERN, GERARDO J. NAU, RAÚL J. LEVI, MARCELO V. ELIZARI, MAURICIO B. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Wenckebach periods of alternate beats (AW) can be described as a 2:1 atrioventricular (A-V) block in which the conducted P waves show progressive prolongation of the P-R interval of the Wenckebach type. However, while classical Wenckebach periods terminate with a single blocked P wave, AW necessarily ends with (or begins from) two consecutive blocked P waves. Five clinical cases and several experimental examples of AW are reported. Recovery curves of A-V conduction were constructed, and it was demonstrated that AW is related to a marked prolongation of both the absolute and relative refractory periods. All the cases were associated with intraventricular block. In addition, recording of His bundle potentials in one case, histological study of the conduction system in another, and the experimental observations, support the view that AW tends to occur below the A-V node, in one of the main ventricular conducting fascicles. Four of the five patients developed complete heart block and Adams-Stokes seizures.
Peripheral dopamine synthesis and metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: K Racz, O Kuchel, N T Buu, S Tenneson
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

We have studied several parameters of peripheral dopamine synthesis and metabolism in spontaneously hypertensive rats during the development of hypertension. Compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats, there was an increased dopamine content in 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats in the adrenals (1.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/pair in Wistar-Kyoto rats) and kidneys (97 +/- 12 vs. 63 +/- 7 pmol/g tissue in Wistar-Kyoto rats), but the dopamine content in peripheral organs from normotensive 4-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats did not differ from Wistar-Kyoto rats. In the heart, the dopamine increase was observed in 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (systolic blood pressure: spontaneously hypertensive rats, 189 +/- 9; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 106 +/- 2 mm Hg;) in both atrium (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 133 +/- 14; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 86 +/- 20 pmol/g tissue) and ventricle (spontaneously hypertensive rats, 41 +/- 6; Wistar-Kyoto rats, 23 +/- 5 pmol/g tissue). Urinary free dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, but not norepinephrine or normetanephrine, in spontaneously hypertensive rats significantly increased between the ages of 7 and 11 weeks, reflecting the dopamine changes in tissue and suggesting a selective increase of the rate of dopamine synthesis and release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)