tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prontosil in Erysipelas
Authors: W. R. Snodgrass, T. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1937)

There is by this time a considerable literature on the experimental and clinical results of the use of prontosil and the sulphonamide derivatives.It is not intended to review that literature in this paper.It may be pointed out, however, that so far as erysipelas is concerned no work has been published dealing with a large series of cases properly controlled.There has not been comparison with other cases of the disease during the same period of review, in every way similar as regards nursing and diet and differing solely in the special lines of treatment to be investigated.Such a series is presented here.The material consists of all cases diagnosed as erysipelas after admission to Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, from the middle of May, 1936, to the middle of February, 1937.Erysipelas is a notifiable disease, and Ruchill Hospital receives all notified cases of erysipelas admitted to hos- pital in Glasgow, so that the material is thoroughly representative of the incidence of the disease in this district during the period reviewed.All the patientsi were under the clinical control of one of us (T.A.).Plan of Investigation Apart from the specific treatment shortly to be de- scribed all cases were treated under strictly comparable conditions.Thus the wards to which they were admitted and the personnel of the nursing staff were common to all groups.A standard diet was adopted.When required the same laxatives were used.No local treatment was given.Ultra-violet light was chosen for the treatment of the control series because it was already the routine method employed in the hospital.There is a considerable literature indicating its value in the treatment of erysipelas.Publications by Fantus (1934), Titus (1934, 1934a), Suther- land and Day (1935), and Lavender a'nd Goldman (1935) may be cited in evidence.The first 161 cases were, in order of admission, allocated to three special groups.Group 1 received treatment only by ultra-violet light; Group 2 only by prontosil; Group 3 both by ultra-violet light and by prontosil.The fatality rate when 161 cases had been admitted was exceptionally low, and as two- thirds of the series had received prontosil it was thought advisable to alter the proportion of cases treated with this drug.Therefore the second 151 cases were divided into three groups, of which the first two were the same as before, but the cases in the third group received treat- ment solely with Messrs. Burroughs Wellcome's concen- trated scarlet fever antitoxin (globulin fraction).
Immunologic properties of RA27-3 rubella virus vaccine. A comparison with strains presently licensed in the United States
Authors: S. A. Plotkin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The Wistar RA27/3 strain of rubella virus was attenuated in WI-38 cell culture, and although it induces predominantly subclinical infection, it is immunogenic both intranasally and subcutaneously. The humoral antibody response to this strain administered either way is characterized by hemagglutination-inhibition, complement-fixation, neutralizing, and precipitin antibody responses closer to those of natural rubella than is the case with other attenuated strains. Those who receive live attenuated Wistar RA27/3 rubella virus vaccine develop a resistance to reinfection similar to that following natural infection without the susceptibility to reinfection manifested by those receiving either live attenuated Cendehill or HPV-77 rubella virus vaccines. The induction of nasal antibodies is correlated with this resistance to reinfection with rubella virus. Intranasally administered RA27/3 vaccine, but not subcutaneously administered RA27/3 vaccine, can be used to boost the antibody titer of subjects previously given Cendehill or HPV-77 vaccines.
Opening lines of communication in the distal nephron
Authors: Thomas R. Kleyman, Lisa M. Satlin, Kenneth R. Hallows
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The distal nephron is composed of two main cell types: principal cells and intercalated cells. These cells have distinct morphologic features that allow them to be readily distinguished by light microscopy, as well as distinct suites of proteins that facilitate cell-specific transport properties. In this issue of the JCI, Gueutin and colleagues describe a new mechanism by which β-intercalated cells, via release of ATP and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), influence the activity of transporters in principal cells.
Recurrent Hepatitis Attributable to Halothane Sensitization in an Anesthetist
Authors: Gerald Klatskin, Daniel V. Kimberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

In an anesthetist with a history of hay fever and asthma recurrent hepatitis led to the development of cirrhosis. Each of the relapses coincided with the patient's return to work and re-exposure to halothane. Challenge with a non-anesthetic dose of halothane (0.1 to 0.2 per cent in oxygen for five minutes) provoked an identical relapse characterized by chills, fever and acute hepatitis, documented both biochemically and histologically. These observations support the view that halothane is a sensitizing agent capable of evoking acute hepatitis and other manifestations of hypersensitivity in a few uniquely susceptible persons.
The Risk of Transmission of HIV From Health Care Professional to Patient-Reply
Authors: Jeremiah A. Barondess
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —Dr Taylor raises valid and important points concerning the cluster of cases of HIV infection in the Florida dental practice that was investigated by the Centers for Disease Control and was referred to in the article by the Working Group of the New York Academy of Medicine.  The mode of transmission of those cases has never been clarified, and it is plain that there is a dearth of information, at least at this point, on which to base any further action. Nevertheless, two important areas should be commented on. The first is the importance of understanding the total absence of any other cases of transmission from a health care worker to a patient, despite the fact that we are 10 years into this epidemic. It seems to me extremely important for the public to receive this message repeatedly and with as much authority as we can muster, understanding
Primary PCI for Myocardial Infarction with ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Ellen C. Keeley, L. David Hillis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 58-year-old man has chest pain at 9:30 a.m.; 3 hours later, he calls for an ambulance. Paramedics arrive, provide standard treatment, and transport him to the nearest emergency department. On his arrival at a small hospital at 1 p.m., the findings are diagnostic of a myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. The emergency department physician recommends immediate transfer to a hospital 1 hour away for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Identification and quantitation of microparticles in solid materials
Authors: D. R. Bowes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Variation in the precise conditions of geological formation may produce variations in the exact composition of asbestos minerals of a particular class, and thus in their biological interactions. Examples are given of differences in O18/O16 ratios, TiO2 content, lattice substitutions, substitution of Al (III) for Si (IV) and attachments to spare hydrostatic charges.
THE PROSTATE AS A REMOTE FOCUS OF INFECTION IN OCULAR INFLAMMATIONS
Authors: WILLIAM ZENTMAYER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The object in reporting the following cases of metastatic1infection in the eye is to direct attention anew to the importance of searching further than the mouth, nose and throat for the portal of infection, and to emphasize that this is not infrequently to be found in the prostate gland.  A causal relation of a focus of infection to a metastatic inflammation is not often susceptible of scientific proof, and no such hope was entertained when a study of these cases was undertaken. It did seem, however, that the evidence was at least circumstantial and could be left to one's judgment as to whether it was sufficient on which to convict.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —A. T., referred by Dr. J. Hiland Dewey, Sept. 10, 1923, had been under his care since September, 1913, and for eight years had had repeated attacks of inflammation in the right eye.
Serum Uric Acid Level is correlated with Decreased Blood Flow Velocity of Left Atrial Appendage in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Murat Çelik, Emre Yalçınkaya, Yalçın Gökoğlan, Uygar Çağdaş Yüksel, Barış Buğan, Turgay Çelik, Hasan Kutsi Kabul, Cem Barçın, Atila İyisoy, Mehmet Yokuşoğlu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increased circulating skin-homing cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA)+ type 2 cytokine-producing cells, and decreased CLA+ type 1 cytokine-producing cells in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Y. Teraki, T. Hotta, T. Shiohara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Skin-homing T cells are characterized by expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). Few data are available on the frequency of circulating CLA+ cytokine-producing T cells in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients.We aimed to investigate cytokine synthesis capability vs. CLA expression in phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin-stimulated, secretion-inhibited peripheral blood T cells of AD patients compared with healthy subjects and psoriatic patients.Multiparameter flow cytometry was used.The expression of CLA among CD4+ T cells was significantly elevated in AD patients compared with healthy subjects and psoriatic patients, whereas there was no significant difference between each group in CLA expression among CD8+ T cells. The frequency of interleukin (IL)-4- and IL-13-producing cells in AD patients was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets) and psoriatic patients (in CD4+ T cells). In contrast, the frequency of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing cells was significantly reduced in AD patients, among both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, compared with healthy subjects and psoriatic patients. Moreover, in AD patients, the frequency of IL-4- and IL-13-producing cells was remarkably increased among the CLA+ subset (in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), whereas the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing cells was decreased in the CLA+ subset (in CD4+, but not in CD8+ T cells).These results provide evidence for the expansion of skin-homing type 2 cytokine-secreting T cells, associated with a reduction in skin-homing type 1 cytokine-producing T cells, in peripheral blood of AD patients.
Ectodermal dysplasia of hair and nail type: mapping of a novel locus to chromosome 17p12-q21.2
Authors: M. Naeem, M. Jelani, K. Lee, G. Ali, M.S. Chishti, A. Wali, A. Gul, P. John, M.J. Hassan, S.M. Leal, W. Ahmad
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) describe a large and complex group of disorders characterized by abnormal development of the skin and appendages (hair, nails, teeth and sweat glands). Of the approximately 200 different EDs, about 30 have been studied at the molecular level. In an effort to understand the molecular bases of ED of hair and nail type, we studied a Pakistani consanguineous family with multiple affected individuals.To localize the gene responsible for the autosomal recessive form of ED of hair and nail type.Genotyping of nine members of the family, including five affected and four normal individuals was performed using microsatellite markers mapping to candidate regions, harbouring genes involved in related phenotypes. Five epithelial keratin genes located in the candidate region were sequenced to identify the pathogenic mutation.We mapped the disease locus to a 24.2-cM interval flanked by markers D17S839 and D17S1299 on chromosome 17p12-q21.2 (Z(max) = 4.4). DNA sequencing of five epithelial keratin candidate genes, present in the disease locus, did not reveal any pathogenic mutation in the affected individuals.The gene for ED of hair and nail type has been mapped to chromosome 17p12-q21.2 in a Pakistani consanguineous family. Failure to detect mutations in epithelial keratin genes suggests that the mutation may lie either in regulatory regions of one of the epithelial keratin genes or in another unknown gene, located in the linkage interval, with a possible role in the development of ectodermal appendages.
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF RETRODEVIATIONS OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: Augustin H Goelet
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It will be admitted that a cure of retrodeviations of the uterus is seldom, if ever, accomplished by the ordinary methods of treatment and that they demand more careful consideration than is usually accorded them. The routine plan of inserting a pessary and dismissing the case from further attention is an error, unfortunately, too often committed. The pessary can only be regarded as a splint which is serviceable as an aid to other measures in bringing about the desired result, but nothing more and will accomplish very little unaided. It may be true that all such displacements of the uterus do not require surgical intervention for their cure, but when structural changes have taken place in the walls of the organ nothing else will yield a prompt and satisfactory result. A pessary might be worn throughout the lifetime of these patients and even if it maintained the uterus in a
Sleep duration and quality in relation to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle-aged workers and their spouses
Authors: Chan-Won Kim, Kyung Eun Yun, Hyun-Suk Jung, Yoosoo Chang, Eun-Suk Choi, Min-Jung Kwon, Eun-Hyun Lee, Eui Jeong Woo, Nan Hee Kim, Hocheol Shin, Seungho Ryu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Inhibition of HMGcoA reductase by atorvastatin prevents and reverses MYC-induced lymphomagenesis
Authors: Catherine M. Shachaf, Omar D. Perez, Sawsan Youssef, Alice C. Fan, Sailaja Elchuri, Matthew J. Goldstein, Amy E. Shirer, Orr Sharpe, Joy Chen, Dennis J. Mitchell, Maria Chang, Garry P. Nolan, Lawrence Steinman, Dean W. Felsher
Journal: Blood (2007)
Targeted Isotretinoin in Neuroblastoma: Kinetics, Genetics, or Absorption
Authors: Katherine K. Matthay
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid; 13-cisRA) has been shown to significantly improve survival for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Pharmacokinetics of isotretinoin may be negatively affected by the mode of drug administration and the dosing formula.
For-Profit Enterprise in Health Care
Authors: Bruce Stuart
Journal: JAMA (1987)

No issue in health care is more controversial than the role of profit-making enterprise. It is a widely held perception that growth of investor-owned business ventures will fundamentally change the way health care is provided and financed in the United States in coming years. Some argue that an increased business presence will bring needed discipline to health care markets long characterized by excessive costs and inattention to consumer wants. Others fear the loss of traditional community-oriented providers and possible deleterious effects on access and quality of care. There is no shortage of rhetoric on either side but surprisingly little in the way of supporting empirical evidence. This book is the second Institute of Medicine (IOM) study of the for-profit phenomenon. (<i>The New Health Care for Profit: Doctors and Hospitals in a Competitive Environment</i>, published in 1983, was the first.) And it specifically addresses the question of what is known empirically
A Bridge to Nowhere — The Troubled Trek of Foreign Medical Graduates
Authors: Ranjana Srivastava
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

It is a typical day in my Melbourne clinic, with missing files, scans gone astray, and patients overwhelmed by their diagnoses. Though a mountain of dictation remains, the day's end appears promisingly close . . . but for a scheduled tutorial. Biting into lukewarm leftovers, I am sorely tempted to cancel it. After all, I reason, it is volunteer work, squeezed in among other pressing commitments. The students will surely understand and perhaps even be grateful for the reprieve on a balmy summer evening.Maybe the time has come to give up the tutorials, I muse. I have taught since I was . . .
THE HUMORAL PATHOLOGY, OR TOXIC AGENTS IN THE BLOOD AS A CAUSE OF DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Authors: M. R. CRAIN
Journal: JAMA (1889)

It is unnecessary for me to go into the history of the humoral pathology, as held by physicians for so many centuries, with their crude and erroneous ideas, as well as the opposite doctrine which followed,<i>i. e</i>., that all morbid processes originated in the solids. The latter as an exclusive theory is equally absurd. Thos. Watson, after speaking of the two above named theories, says: "The pendulum of opinion swung at once, as is usual, into the opposite extreme of error. It is now settling in our time at the juster medium. Reviewing, under new and more faithful evidence, the humored doctrine again asserts its rightful, but modified claims upon our acceptance. That its old extravagances still find favor among the ignorant, and are commonly adopted by the quack, are circumstances which illustrate the fact that the mischievous influence of unsound theories survived the duration of the theories themselves.
Dioxinlike properties of a trichloroethylene combustion-generated aerosol.
Authors: S A Villalobos, M J Anderson, M S Denison, D E Hinton, K Tullis, I M Kennedy, A D Jones, D P Chang, G Yang, P Kelly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Conventional chemical analyses of incineration by-products identify compounds of known toxicity but often fail to indicate the presence of other chemicals that may pose health risks. In a previous report, extracts from soot aerosols formed during incomplete combustion of trichloroethylene (TCE) and pyrolysis of plastics exhibited a dioxinlike response when subjected to a keratinocyte assay. To verify this dioxinlike effect, the complete extract, its polar and nonpolar fractions, some containing primarily halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, were evaluated for toxicity using an embryo assay, for antiestrogenicity using primary liver cell cultures, and for the ability to transform the aryl hydrocarbon receptor into its DNA binding form using liver cytosol in a gel retardation assay. Each of these assays detect dioxinlike effects. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos and primary liver cell cultures of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to concentrations of extract ranging from 0.05 to 45 micrograms/l. Cardiotoxicity with pericardial, yolk sac, and adjacent peritoneal edema occurred after exposure of embryos to concentrations of 7 micrograms/l or greater. These same exposure levels were associated with abnormal embryo development and, at the higher concentrations, death. Some of the fractions were toxic but none was as toxic as the whole extract. In liver cells, total cellular protein and cellular lactate dehydrogenase activity were not altered by in vitro exposure to whole extract (0.05-25 micrograms/l). However, induction of cytochrome P4501A1 protein and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity occurred. In the presence of whole extract, estradiol-dependent vitellogenin synthesis was reduced. Of the fractions, only fraction 1 (nonpolar) showed a similar trend, although vitellogenin synthesis inhibition was not significant. The soot extract and fractions bound to the Ah receptor and showed a significantly positive result in the gel retardation/DNA binding test. Chemical analyses using GC-MS with detection limits for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran in the picomole range did not show presence of these compounds. Our results indicate that other chemicals associated with TCE combustion and not originally targeted for analysis may also pose health risks through dioxinlike mechanisms.
Antibodies to domain I of β-2-glycoprotein I and IgA antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with ‘seronegative’ antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Laura Cousins, Charis Pericleous, Munther Khamashta, Maria Laura Bertolaccini, Yiannis Ioannou, Ian Giles, Anisur Rahman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

being highly correlated to disease activity: CXCL10, TNFR2 and Galectin-9. 5 We measured these proteins before and at different time points after aSCT to determine kinetics and correlation to disease activity in the context of this intervention.Values of creatine kinase were not elevated in the weeks before aSCT and did not change after, indicating low correlation with actual disease activity.CXCL10, TNFR2 and Galectin-9 were elevated in the patients prior to the conditioning regimen, irrespective of maintenance treatment (figure 1A).After aSCT, these three markers decreased over time in patients 1 and 2 with the most pronounced reduction in levels of Galectin-9 and CXCL10.These levels remained low, even after full reconstitution of the immune system.In parallel, clinical scores improved over time as shown in figure 1B.Pre-existent severe calcinosis disappeared completely in patient 2 after aSCT 4 but is still persisting in patient 3. Importantly, only in this patient, CXCL10 and Galectin-9 levels remained elevated after aSCT.In contrast to TNFR2, CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 are produced by immune and non-immune cells under inflammatory conditions. [6]7][8][9] As circulating immune cells are largely depleted during aSCT, our data suggest that CXCL10 and Galectin-9 are mainly produced by tissue cells or tissue infiltrating cells.Therefore, even during profound immunosuppression these markers may reveal ongoing disease activity in the tissues.This is also supported by the observation that CXCL10 and Galectin-9 levels dropped very gradually following aSCT in patients 1 and 2 and mirrored clinical disease improvement.In conclusion these data demonstrate that aSCT can induce prolonged drug-free disease remission in refractory patients with JDM with regards to the myositis.Furthermore, we show that the proinflammatory signature as measured by TNFR2, CXCL-10 and Galectin-9 leads to a differentiated response after aSCT, with a marked decrease in the two patients with inactive disease but persistent elevation in a patient with skin involvement.
Neuroblastoma
Authors: James F. Lingley, Robert H. Sagerman, Thomas V. Santulli, James A. Wolff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

NEUROBLASTOMA and its variant ganglioneuroblastoma is the second most common solid malignant tumor of infants and children; the frequency of its occurrence is exceeded only by tumors of the central nervous system.1 These tumors arise from cells derived from embryonic sympathetic neuroblasts and thus may originate in the adrenal gland or sympathetic ganglions of the cervical, posterior mediastinal, retroperitoneal and abdominal regions.2 Tumors have been reported in unusual locations such as the bladder, lip and sciatic nerve.3 , 4 Primary Central-nervous-system neuroblastoma is also rare, though involvement of the spinal cord secondary to growth through neural foramens is not uncommon.Before 1941 . . .
Alexander ("Alec") Fullerton
Authors: H M. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former medical director Barnsley Hall Hospital, Bromsgrove, Worcestershire (b 1925; q Belfast 1950; FRCPsych), died on 26 April 2002 from a series of transient ischaemic attacks.

Alec Fullerton was appointed medical director of Barnsley Hall Hospital in 1963 at the beginning of the community care revolution. He was responsible for opening a new unit for Alzheimer's disease and allied dementias affecting the over 70s. Alec also encouraged developments such as art and music therapy. Barnsley Hall was closed a few years after Alec retired from the NHS. He moved to Weymouth, doing locums, and was also appointed a member of tribunals adjudicating difficult cases of possible wrongful detention under the Mental Health Act. He leaves a wife and three children.