tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer and H pylori
Authors: S M Dawsey, S D Mark, P R Taylor, P J Limburg
Journal: Gut (2002)

We would like to comment on the relationship of chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cardia cancer risk discussed in the recent combined analysis of prospective serological studies presented by the Helicobacter and Cancer Collaborative Group ( Gut 2001; 49 :347–53). It is our opinion that the null association between H pylori seropositivity and gastric cardia cancer risk reported in this analysis may have resulted in a large part from the combination of observational studies with (a) different definitions of gastric cardia cancer and (b) diverse subject populations, particularly with respect to the prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), which we believe may affect the perceived H pylori- cardia cancer relationship.

By definition, the gastric cardia represents only the proximal 2–3 cm of the stomach. This small anatomical region can easily be overgrown by tumours that originate from adjacent mucosal sites. Thus in populations where both oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas are common, tumours described as “cardia cancers” undoubtedly include a mixture of neoplasms arising from the lower oesophagus as well as the gastric cardia (and perhaps even the more distal stomach). Classification of gastric cardia cancer has been further confused by the inclusion of malignant lesions …
Is albuminuria a cardiovascular risk factor independent of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension? A LIFE study
Authors: Michael H. Olsen, Kristian Wachtell, Jonathan N. Bella, Vittorio Palmieri, Eva Gerdts, Markku S. Nieminen, Gunnar Smith, Björn Dahlöf, Hans Ibsen, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
DERMATITIS DUE TO TYROGLYPHUS LONGIOR, GERV., VAR. CASTELLANII, HIRST, IN CHEESE DUST
Authors: E. W. PROSSER THOMAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1942)

Journal Article DERMATITIS DUE TO TYROGLYPHUS LONGIOR, GERV., VAR. CASTELLANII, HIRST, IN CHEESE DUST Get access E. W. PROSSER THOMAS E. W. PROSSER THOMAS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 54, Issue 12, 1 December 1942, Pages 313–316, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1942.tb10588.x Published: 01 December 1942
Attenuated Glucose Production Rate in Newborn Infants of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers
Authors: Satish C. Kalhan, Samuel M. Savin, Peter A. J. Adam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Hypoglycemia frequently develops in infants of diabetic mothers in the immediate postnatal period.1 , 2 Even in the presence of strict metabolic control during pregnancy, a greater decrease of blood glucose concentration is observed in the infants of diabetic mothers in the first few hours of life than in normal infants.3 Although neonatal hypoglycemia in infants of diabetic mothers has been attributed to prior fetal hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism, the mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear.4 Glucose homeostasis in such cases has been evaluated by the infant's response to exogenous glucose loads. Although acute intravenous glucose loads have disappeared rapidly from blood, glucose . . .
Natural variation in GS5 plays an important role in regulating grain size and yield in rice
Authors: Yibo Li, Chuchuan Fan, Yongzhong Xing, Yunhe Jiang, Lijun Luo, Liang Sun, Di Shao, Chunjue Xu, Xianghua Li, Jinghua Xiao, Yuqing He, Qifa Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Cloning and characterization of the cDNA coding for a polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome-related nucleolar 100-kD protein.
Authors: M Blüthner, F A Bautz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

About 50% of patients with the polymyositis-scleroderma overlap syndrome are reported to have autoantibodies to a nucleolar particle termed PM/Scl. The particle consists of several polypeptides of which two proteins of 75 and 100 kD have been identified as the major antigenic components. Here we report on the cDNA cloning and partial epitope mapping of the 100-kD autoantigen from human placenta and HeLa lambda gt11 libraries. The deduced amino acid sequence encodes a protein of 885 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 100.8 kD. Rabbit antibodies raised against a recombinant protein fragment reacted in immunofluorescence and immunoblotting in the same manner as human autoantibodies directed against the nucleolar 100-kD protein. Sequence analysis shows close homology to a consensus sequence of 12 amino acids from serine/threonine kinases, suggesting a possible function for this autoantigen. A major antigenic region is found to be located within the NH2-terminal third of the polypeptide.
Further investigations are planned for child whose mother took him into hiding to avoid treatment
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The mother of a 7 year old boy who sparked a High Court action when she refused to allow him to have radiotherapy after surgery for a brain tumour has said that she will allow the treatment if his cancer has returned.

Sally Roberts, a New Zealander who was living in Devon, went into hiding with her son Neon, triggering a nationwide search before they were found in Sussex. Doctors said that he should have chemotherapy …
City council considers adults only certificate for films featuring smoking
Authors: M. Pownall
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Liverpool City Council is considering giving films that have characters who smoke an “18+” certificate.

In some parts of the city between 40% and 50% of adults smoke, twice the national prevalence in England of 22%. Local health officials say that the proposal is part of a series of public health measures that the city has championed for its smoke-free Liverpool strategy. In 2004 the city voted for a ban on smoking in public, but this was overtaken by national legislation in July 2007.

The national British Board of Film Classification awards films …
Supine and Prone SPECT Tc-99m MIBI Myocardial Perfusion Imaging for Dipyridamole Studies
Authors: ROBERT LISBONA, L DINH, V DERBEKYAN, J A NOVALES-DIAZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Aartifactual inferior wall defects of perfusion are a source of frequent concern during TI-201 exercise stress redistribution SPECT imaging in the supine position. These artifactual changes also affect Tc-99m sestamibi dipyridamole myocardial perfusion studies with supine SPECT yielding a specificity of only 58% for right coronary artery (RCA) disease. Complementary SPECT prone imaging will enhance this specificity for inferior wall abnormalities to 79% (P < 0.05) and is recommended for more accurate assessment of RCA stenosis, whether the patient challenge is pharmacological or by exercise.
Does your brain use the images in it, and if so, how?
Authors: Daniel C. Dennett
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The presence of spatial patterns of activity in the brain is suggestive of image-exploiting processes in vision and mental imagery, but not conclusive. Only behavioral evidence can confirm or disconfirm hypotheses about whether, and how, the brain uses images in its information-processing, and the arguments based on such evidence are still inconclusive.
Reproductive Health Care in the Rural United States
Authors: Trude Bennett
Journal: JAMA (2002)

BLUE EDGES AND POINtillist urban centers set against great swaths of red-told many political and economic stories.Attitudes toward rural life often reveal a complex mixture of affection and disdain, ideas about neighborliness and isolation, simplicity and provincialism.In his recent essay, "One Nation, Slightly Divisible," David Brooks argues that the differences between rural and urban America may be merely superficial, exemplified in consumer preferences such as Wal-Mart vs Pottery Barn. 1 Although I agree with his assertion that the two locales possess unique "sensibilities," there are important differences in rural vs urban health care.While 20% of Americans live in rural areas, only 9% of the nation's physicians practice there.Poverty-a principal health risk factor in any geographic locale-is more prevalent in rural areas and is often related to increased rates of chronic disease and greater numbers of uninsured citizens. 2Rural residents have fewer physicians and nurses per capita and increased transportation barriers; they visit a physician less often and later in the course of their illness than do urban residents. 2This issue of MSJAMA explores the question of whether there are two US health care delivery systems, one urban and one rural.Differences between urban and rural health care exist on a continuum defined by many variables.Susan Blumenthal and Jessica Kagen provide an epidemiologic background in which to consider important differences and markers between rural and urban health.Hilda Heady explores some of the monetary inequities embodied in rural vs urban reimbursement policies.Terry Meden and colleagues describe how distance from a tertiary care center may be related to decisions about mastectomy for rural women with stages I and II breast cancer.Although Roe vs Wade made abortion legal in the United States, this right may be moot in many rural settings.Trude Bennett explores some of these barriers to prenatal care, family planning, surgical contraception, and other reproductive health care services in rural areas.To address the chronic geographic maldistribution of physicians, Howard Rabinowitz and Nina Paynter outline the constructs that inform medical students' decision to become generalists or specialists and correlatively to practice in a rural vs an urban setting.These inequities in rural vs urban health care delivery are based in structural, economic, and cultural differences.Through increased awareness, research, education, and preventive public health measures, congress, and ultimately communities and the health care providers who serve them, may begin to lessen the degrees of difference.
Methods and basic data of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria.
Authors: M J Gardner, A J Hall, M P Snee, S Downes, C A Powell, J D Terrell
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine whether the observed excess of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma near the Sellafield nuclear plant is associated with established risk factors or with factors related to the plant. DESIGN--A case-control study. SETTING--West Cumbria health district. SUBJECTS--52 Cases of leukaemia, 22 of non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma, and 23 of Hodgkin9s disease occurring in people born in the area and diagnosed there in 1950-85 under the age of 25 and 1001 controls matched for sex and date of birth taken from the same birth registers as the cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Antenatal abdominal x ray examinations, viral infections, habit factors, proximity to and employment characteristics of parents at Sellafield. RESULTS--Ascertainment of cases through multiple sources was as complete as possible, and the diagnosis was established for nearly all cases from hospital records and by independent pathological review when suitable material (60% (58) of cases) was available. Identification and tracing of the parents of cases and controls enabled questionnaires to be forwarded to 730 (66%), and 467 (64%) of the questionnaires were returned completed. Obstetric records were located for 481 (44%) of the relevant births, more frequently in recent years. Linkage of study subjects to the Sellafield workforce file enabled dates of employment and records on external doses of whole body ionising radiation to be obtained. Concordance of information from duplicate sources (when available) was reasonably high with no indications of bias. CONCLUSION--Overall the collected data were sufficiently reliable for detailed analysis and careful interpretation.
DIURETICS AND CARDIAC INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Max Wishnofsky
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In an article entitled "Regulation of Electrolytes in the Management of Heart Disease" inThe Journal, April 30, page 2046, Dr. Elliot V. Newman asserts that the basic treatment of congestive cardiac insufficiency consists of digitalization, dietary restriction of sodium, and reduction of physical activity. He deprecates the use of diuretics because of their electrolyte-deranging actions and development of refractoriness. There are two phases to the pathologic physiology of congestive cardiac insufficiency: (1) primary system—incompetence of the hydraulic or circulatory system, and (2) secondary system—metabolic derangements which are a direct result of the primary system and which consist of the accumulation of sodium and water. This acts as an impediment to the circulation. Treatment of the primary system by digitalization, dietary restriction of sodium, and rest produces only a modicum of improvement in the average moderately severe or severe case of congestive heart failure. At this point,
Adherence to Guidelines for Diabetes Care in School: Family and School Nurse Perspectives
Authors: Sarah A. MacLeish, Leona Cuttler, Michaela B. Koontz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

To ensure the safe and fair treatment of children with diabetes, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) publishes guidelines for care of children with diabetes in the school setting (1–4). We surveyed 99 families of youth with type 1 diabetes (mean age 12.2 ± 3.2 years; diabetes duration 5.0 ± 3.6 years) and 51 school nurses from corresponding schools in Ohio using structured questionnaires to systematically evaluate reported adherence to these guidelines from the perspectives of key stakeholders. This study has institutional review board approval. Sixteen key ADA recommendations, taking into account guidelines with multiple components, were assessed. For 7 of the 16 ADA recommendations, fewer than half of families reported adherence, defined as providing the service usually or always. Among school nurses, fewer than half reported …
Environmental Hazards
Authors: Melvin W. First
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

SOLID wastes, often called refuse, include a wide variety of discarded, and generally useless, materials resulting from normal community activities. Garbage and rubbish from households, institutions and commercial establishments comprise the largest fraction of municipal waste collections, but bulky objects, such as stoves and refrigerators and, especially, abandoned automobiles, represent more difficult municipal collection and disposal problems. Industrial refuse from factories, power plants and food-processing plants may contain waste materials not usually found in municipal collections, but more often the difference is quantitative rather than qualitative since industrial processes, by their very nature, generate large amounts of one, or a . . .
Dual Role of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 in Angiogenesis and Invasion of Human Urinary Bladder Cancer
Authors: Leticia Oliveira-Ferrer, Derya Tilki, Gudrun Ziegeler, Jessica Hauschild, Sonja Loges, Ster Irmak, Ergin Kilic, Hartwig Huland, Martin Friedrich, Süleyman Ergün
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Here, we show that carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is expressed in umbrella cells of bladder urothelium but is down-regulated in superficial bladder cancer, such as histologic tumor stage a (pTa) and transitional cell carcinoma in situ (pTis). Concurrently, CEACAM1 is up-regulated in the endothelia of adjacent angiogenic blood vessels. Mimicking the CEACAM1 down-regulation in the urothelium, CEACAM1 was silenced in bladder cancer cell lines 486p and RT4 using the small interfering RNA technique. CEACAM1 down-regulation was confirmed at the protein level by Western blot analyses. CEACAM1 silencing leads to a significant up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Correspondingly, supernatants from the CEACAM1-overexpressing bladder cancer cell lines reduce, but those from CEACAM1 silencing induce endothelial tube formation and potentiate the morphogenetic effects of VEGF. These data suggest that the epithelial down-regulation of CEACAM1 induces angiogenesis via increased expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Inversely, CEACAM1 is up-regulated in endothelial cells of angiogenic blood vessels. This in turn is involved in the switch from noninvasive and nonvascularized to invasive and vascularized bladder cancer. CEACAM1 appears to be a promising endothelial target for bladder cancer therapy.
Mutagenesis after cancer therapy.
Authors: K T Kelsey, M Caggana, P M Mauch, C N Coleman, J R Clark, H L Liber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A subset of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and breast cancer patients have been reported to have elevated hprt mutant frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes after cessation of therapy. A subset of these patients are also known to develop second therapy-related malignancies. Therefore, it is clearly important to determine if these elevations in mutant frequency represent true, persistently elevated mutation frequencies. As a follow-up to our study of patients previously treated for HD, we recruited for a prospective study six previously treated HD patients and five patients who had been treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. These individuals were studied several times over a 6-7 months. The results confirmed that a subset of patients have persistently high mutant frequencies when compared to 71 previously studied controls. The study was designed to determine if the elevated mutant frequencies of treated patients represented independent mutations or resulted from the in vivo expansion of single mutant cells. We used the polymerase chain reaction to examine DNA single strand conformation polymorphisms at the T-cell receptor-gamma locus of individual mutant clones. This analysis showed that 20.1% of the mutants from Hodgkin's disease patients and 17.5% of the mutants from squamous cell carcinoma patients were siblings. The sibling mutants generally did not persist over time. However, one patient had one mutant clone that persisted, but slowly decreased in prevalence over a 7 month sampling period. The data demonstrate that treatments for cancer result in persistently elevated mutation frequencies at the hprt locus in some, but not all, patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Severe Self-poisoning in Sunderland
Authors: G. R. Burston
Journal: BMJ (1969)

One hundred and twenty-nine patients (25.5%) out of 505 consecutive cases of self-poisoning admitted to a non-teaching poisoning treatment centre run as part of an acute medical unit are reviewed in detail. All of them were severely poisoned and would possibly have died without admission to hospital. Despite considerable limitations in the medical, nursing, and laboratory facilities available a very low mortality rate was achieved by practising intensive supportive and conservative care, supplemented on occasion by a forced alkaline diuresis.
Variables predictive of successful medical therapy in patients with unstable angina: selection by multivariate analysis from clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic evaluations.
Authors: P Ouyang, J A Brinker, E D Mellits, M L Weisfeldt, G Gerstenblith
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Although unstable angina can be initially controlled with medical therapy in most patients, there is a high incidence of subsequent death, myocardial infarction, or need for coronary bypass surgery to control symptoms. Identification at the time of presentation of the patient likely to do poorly on continued medical therapy would be useful in advising consideration of surgical therapy. Since coronary arterial spasm may have a significant role in the pathophysiology of unstable angina in some patients, the recently developed calcium channel antagonists may therefore be of particular benefit in the medical therapy of unstable angina. One hundred thirty-eight patients were entered into a randomized double-blind study of the efficacy of adding nifedipine to conventional treatment of unstable angina (nitrates and beta-blockers) and were followed for 18 months. Of these patients, 104 underwent coronary arteriography. A multivariate Cox's hazard function analysis was applied to variables selected from the history, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during chest pain, and from scintigraphic and coronary arteriographic data to determine those variables most predictive of response to medical therapy. The percentage of the left ventricular myocardium supplied by vessels with 70% or greater luminal stenosis was the most significant variable in influencing failure of medical therapy defined as sudden death, myocardial infarction, or need for bypass surgery. Whether or not the patient received nifedipine was the second most powerful variable, with the use of nifedipine reducing by half the relative risk of failing medical therapy. These were followed by cigarette smoking and presence of global ST segment changes during ischemia. After 18 months the nifedipine group had fewer patients failing medical therapy (p = .02), with fewer patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery (p less than .01). However, nifedipine did not appear to have a preventive effect against myocardial infarction or death. Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves confirmed that medical therapy was significantly less successful in the presence of increasing numbers of significantly stenotic vessels (p = .03). However, nifedipine provided a significant beneficial effect in patients with two or more stenotic vessels (p less than .01) and in whom 50% or more of the myocardium was supplied by vessels with 70% or greater stenosis (p = .01). Thus, although patients with advanced obstructive coronary disease have the greatest likelihood of unfavorable outcomes, the addition of nifedipine is of significant benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Opsonized‐zymosan induces a respiratory burst in human blood platelets
Authors: D. Del Principe, A. Menichelli, C. D'Arcangelo, P. M. Strappini, M. Persiani, C. Colistra, M. L. Scarpati
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Opsonized‐zymosan‐stimulated polymorphonuclear cells show a cyanide‐insensitive oxygen consumption. We have investigated whether opsonized‐zymosan could induce similar metabolic change in human blood platelets. Preparation of intact human blood platelets, obtained by separation through a Ficoll layer (23% w/v) were challenged with opsonized‐zymosan. the polymorphonuclear cell contamination was less than 1/10 8 platelets. The opsonized‐zymosan‐stimulated platelets showed an increase of oxygen consumption. The mean of xygen burst measured by a polarographic method with a Clark electrode was 11 nmole/10 9 platelets/min (S.E.M. 4; n = 15). The duration of the burst was 2 min. Unstimulated platelets did not show the oxygen burst. The inhibitors of respiratory chain and prostaglandin synthesis completely abolished the oxygen consumption by opsonized‐zymosan‐stimulated platelets. The simultaneous addition of NADH (1 mM) and opsonized‐zymosan induced a burst of oxygen consumption, which occurred after a variable lag phase (10‐2 min) from the stimulation, also in the presence of inhibitors. This burst, which lasted about 1 min. amounted to 10 nmole/10 9 platelets/min (S.E.M. 2; n = 15) and it was higher in the presence of NAN 3 a catalase inhibitor. Zymosan treated with hydrazine or heated plasma (56°C) did not cause increased oxygen consumption. Inulin or inulin‐treated serum did not stimulate platelets. In these experimental conditions some NADH disappeared, as shown by isotachophoresis. The results demonstrated that an immunological stimulus may activate a membrane‐linked cyanide‐insensitive oxygen metabolizing system.