tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nebulised antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy in cystic fibrosis: a meta-analysis of benefits and risks.
Authors: S Mukhopadhyay, M Singh, J I Cater, S Ogston, M Franklin, R E Olver
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: To establish the benefits and risks of nebulised antipseudomonal therapy in cystic fibrosis the results of relevant randomised controlled trials were combined. METHODS: The therapeutic end points compared were (a) number of pulmonary exacerbations requiring treatment with systemic antibiotics, (b) measurable alteration in respiratory tract pseudomonal load, (c) alteration in lung function on spirometric assessment, (d) development of resistance in respiratory tract Pseudomonas strains to the nebulised antipseudomonal used in each randomised controlled trial, and (e) renal and auditory impairment. RESULTS: Five studies were suitable for meta-analysis, eight others could not be included because of inadequate outcome description or the lack of appropriate randomisation. Meta-analysis shows benefit for nebulised antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy with no demonstrable adverse effect other than a possible increase in in vitro antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of the respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS: Although inferences drawn from individual randomised controlled trials concerning the benefits and risks of this form of therapy are conflicting, pooled effect size establishes benefit with nebulised antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy and emphasises its relevance to the integration of information in other areas of controversy relating to the treatment of this disease.
Supports Dr. Cohen.
Authors: I. N. Brainerd
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Altered hepatocellular Ca2+ regulation during hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation
Authors: S Rose, A Pizanis, M Silomon
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The present study evaluated the effect of the benzothiazepine Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem (DZ) on altered hepatocellular Ca2+ regulation and oxidant injury during hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation. In anesthetized, male Sprague-Dawley rats, hemorrhagic shock was induced by rapid blood withdrawal and maintaining the mean arterial blood pressure at 40 mm Hg over 60 minutes. Rats were then resuscitated with 60% of shed blood and threefold the shed blood volume of Ringer's lactate. At the end of ischemia, and 60 or 300 minutes after resuscitation, hepatocytes were isolated by liver collagenase perfusion. Hepatocellular Ca2+ exchange (Ca2+ex), rate of cellular Ca2+ influx (Ca2+in), and Ca2+ membrane flux (Ca2+flux) were determined using 45Ca incubation techniques. Hepatocyte oxidant injury was evaluated by fluorometrically measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and oxidized/reduced glutathione. Both hemorrhage and hemorrhage/resuscitation increased hepatocellular Ca2+in, Ca2+ex, and Ca2+flux. In contrast to control and sham-operated rats, in vitro stimulation by the Ca2+ agonist epinephrine (100 nmol/L) of hepatocytes from either hemorrhaged or resuscitated rats did not further increase Ca2+in. Administration of DZ (.8 mg/kg) with resuscitation significantly decreased cellular Ca2+ex and Ca2+flux, but did not restore impaired epinephrine-induced Ca2+in. DZ prevented hepatocyte lipid peroxidation and glutathione oxidation. These findings suggest hepatocellular Ca2+ overload and impaired Ca2+ signaling during hemorrhage/resuscitation. Increased Ca2+ uptake could be because of a receptor-gated Ca2+ influx and/or oxygen-free radical induced membrane Ca2+ leaks.
THE GERMICIDAL AND HEMOLYTIC ACTION OF α-BROM SOAPS
Authors: Arnold H. Eggerth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. The soaps of the alpha-brom fatty acids are usually more germicidal than the unsubstituted soaps. Only when B. typhosus was the test organism was there no increase in germicidal action. 2. For any test organism, germicidal action of the brominated soaps increases rapidly with increasing molecular weight up to a certain point, then diminishes. This is likewise true of the hemolytic titer. The point of maximal germicidal action varies with the different species of tests organisms. In the series studied, brominated soaps of 12 and 14 carbon atoms were most germicidal for the Gram-negative organisms, while soaps of 16 and 18 carbon atoms were most germicidal for Gram-positive organisms. 3. The brominated soaps are, in general, more active in acid that in neutral or alkaline reactions. The reasons for this have been discussed in a previous paper, in which a similar phenomenon with unsubstituted soaps was observed. 4. For certain organisms, the brominated soaps are among the most rapid and potent germicides known.
Swiss Cheese Striatum
Authors: Melinda S. Burnett, Robert J. Witte, J. Eric Ahlskog
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Markedly enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces throughout the striatum appear occasionally on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the elderly, and this type of striatum is known as the Swiss cheese striatum (SCS); however, its clinical impact is unknown.To determine the clinical features associated with SCS detected on MRI scans.A blinded, retrospective case-control study using medical records from 2000 to 2007 obtained from an MRI database at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, of residents 40 years of age or older of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had extensive Mayo Clinic medical records and MRI reports suggestive of SCS. Cases with a severe form of SCS (n = 27) were randomly selected for comparison with age-, sex-, and examination year-matched controls (n = 52) with a minimal form of SCS or no SCS.Magnetic resonance imaging.Associations of clinical and imaging features with the presence of a severe form of SCS. Medical records were reviewed for clinical features such as parkinsonism, dementia, and vascular risk factors. The MRI scans were visually scored for degree of leukoaraiosis, central atrophy, and cortical atrophy.No significant differences were found between those with a severe form of SCS and controls in rates of parkinsonism (19% vs 17%; odds ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.28-4.16]) or dementia of any type (30% vs 21%; odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 0.48-5.13]). Vascular risk factors were not significantly different between groups. Swiss cheese striatum correlated with degree of leukoaraiosis (P < .001). Potential associations with visualized cortical atrophy (P = .01), nonobstructive urinary incontinence (18.5% vs 3.9%; P = .04), and syncope (37% vs 9.6%; P = .01) did not hold up after correction for the false discovery rate.Our study suggests that marked cribriform change in the striatum was not associated with the development of extrapyramidal clinical disorders, including parkinsonism. The association of SCS with leukoaraiosis suggests that it is part of a more generalized cerebrovascular process. Skepticism is called for when attributing clinical symptoms to this MRI finding.
The Harveian Oration. Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: J. B. Sanderson
Journal: BMJ (1878)

IN the deed by which Harvey provides for the delivery of the Harveian oration are set down three purposes which the orator was to place before -him.One of these was that he should exhort the Fellows of the College to concord; the second, that he should call to mind our benefactors, and stir up others to follow their example; and, finally, that he should exhort the Fellows and Members of the College to study and search out the secrets of nature by way of experiment.As regards the first of these objects, the exhortation to concord, I have, I think, good reason for omitting it to-day-partly because I can offer no better motive to concord than that which Harvey himself offered, namely, that concordid res parvac crescunt, discordid magnce dilabuntur; but chiefly because we have so recently fulfilled in spirit another of Harvey's directions by partaking ourselves, and by invitina others like-minded, in reverence for Harvey's memory, to partake with us of a " feast of love and affection".As regards our benefactors, I am required to mention them by name.I believe, however, that I shall sufficiently fulfil Harvey's wish if I name one benefactor who has recently aided us by the gift of a sum of money for the investigation of the nature and cure of Rabies and Hydrophobia.I do so not merely in expression of the gratitude which we all feel to Mr. Benett-Stanford for his liberality, but in the hope that, to use Harvey's words, others may be led to imitate his good example.The investigation of so difficult a question must necessarily require the co-operation of many persons over long periods of time, but the object is well worthy of the liberality of enlightened and philan- thropic men; for.although the number of sufferers from hydrophobia is small, there is none which is more formidable in its aspect ; and, secondly, because there is good and reasonable ground for the expecta- tion that the proposed inquiry, if undertaken in the right way and with sufficient means, will lead to valuable results as regards the prevention, if not the cure, of hydrophobia.If there ever were a disease to which the term " preventable" could be properly applied, it is hydrophobia.That efficient means have not before now been taken to prevent it is, no doubt, mainly attributable to the uncertainties which have existed as to its mode of origin; for in matters of prevention knowledge is power.Another reason why so little has been done may be that the number of cases of hydrophobia has hitherto been too inconsiderable to attract attention; but, now it has prevailed so extensively in Lancashire and the neighbouring counties, as well as in Somersetshire, that its elimination must be regarded as a matter of public interest.And now let me pass on to the principal purpose of our meeting to- day, namely, that I should, to the best of my ability, exhort the Fellows and Members of the College " TO SEARCH AND STUDY OUT
Purinergic receptors and atherosclerosis: emerging role for vessel wall P2Y12
Authors: B. H. Rauch, J. G. Filep
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Vessel wall, not platelet, P2Y12 potentiates early atherogenesis’ by L.E. West et al. , doi:10.1093/cvr/cvu028. 

Platelets play a key role in primary haemostasis and also represent an important interface between thrombosis, immunity, and atherogenesis.1 Platelet-triggered inflammatory pathways contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and atherothrombosis. Platelets express receptors for a variety of agonists that initiate platelet activation, which is then amplified and sustained by activation of the G-protein-coupled purinergic receptor P2Y12. P2Y12 mediates platelet aggregation and secretion of platelet granule contents in response to ADP.2 P2Y12 is also a well-established target for anti-thrombotic drugs, such as the thienopyridine compounds ticlopidine, clopidogrel, and prasugrel or the direct, reversible antagonists ticagrelor, cangrelor, and elinogrel.2 Clinical studies have shown that in addition to preventing arterial thrombus formation in patients with coronary artery syndromes or after stent implantation, anti-thrombotic/anti-platelet therapy is also associated with systemic anti-inflammatory effects.3 While these findings imply an important role for P2Y12 in the regulation of platelet functions, P2Y12 expression is not restricted to platelets. Indeed, accumulating data indicate that P2Y12 may directly mediate pro-inflammatory and atherogenic actions in the vessel wall apparently independently of platelet activation. West et al. 4 provide evidence supporting this notion by describing a role for vessel wall, but not platelet, P2Y12 in the development of early atherosclerotic lesions.

West et al. utilized the well-established ApoE-deficient mice model of atherosclerosis and generated ApoE−/−P2Y12−/− (DK) mice by back-crossing P2Y12-deficient mice into ApoE−/− mice. Using homologous and …
THE INHIBITION OF THE BACTERIOSTATIC ACTION OF SULFONAMIDE DRUGS BY SUBSTANCES OF ANIMAL AND BACTERIAL ORIGIN
Authors: Colin M. MacLeod
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Sulfonamide inhibitor has been demonstrated in extracts of fresh normal muscle, pancreas, and spleen of certain animals. When autolysis of tissues takes place the amount of inhibitor is greatly increased. Fresh liver from beef, rabbit, and guinea pig is free of active inhibitor, although inhibitor is demonstrable in autolysates of this tissue. Fresh rabbit kidney is likewise free of active inhibitor. Following acid hydrolysis extracts of fresh rabbit liver and kidney cause sulfonamide inhibition. Normal human urine contains little or no active inhibitor. However, upon acid hydrolysis, inhibitor is uniformly present. Sulfonamide inhibitor is present in some, but not all, sterile serous effusions occurring during certain diseases. Inhibitor was found uniformly in pus. None was found in blood serum. In certain species of bacteria the inhibitor is found in the cells only and is not demonstrable in the culture medium, whereas in other species, the inhibitor is found in the culture supernatant, and the cells themselves are relatively free. The development of sulfapyridine fastness in a strain of Pneumococcus Type I is accompanied by a greatly increased production of sulfonamide inhibitor.
Methadone overdose. Illicit use of pharmaceutically prepared parenteral narcotics
Authors: D. W. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Two cases of overdose occurred with illicit use of methadone hydrochloride, intravenously injected. Pulmonary edema, myoglobinuria, and acute renal failure were prominent in these patients. They had injected themselves with pure methadone, which suggests that the overdose syndrome is caused by the narcotic itself and not by toxic diluents.
Development of Hypertensive Manifestations after the Disappearance of Hypertension
Authors: GEORGE A. PERERA
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The accelerated ("malignant") phase of hypertensive vascular disease is more common in men; sympathectomy may modify some of its signs and symptoms even in those cases in which hypertension is not modified. Six instances are reported herewith in which patients in the accelerated phase have developed retinopathy and papilledema during a sustained period of normal blood pressure brought on by a vascular accident or sympathectomy. Therefore factors other than the intensity of the hypertension may be involved in the pathogenesis of this phase.
Prospective Evaluation of the Prognostic Implications of Improved Assay Performance With a Sensitive Assay for Cardiac Troponin I
Authors: Marc Bonaca, Benjamin Scirica, Marc Sabatine, Anthony Dalby, Jindrich Spinar, Sabina A. Murphy, Peter Jarolim, Eugene Braunwald, David A. Morrow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Septicemia Caused by Penicillinase-Producing Gonococcus
Authors: P. Ruutu
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We would like to continue the interesting discussion by Doraiswamy et al<sup>1</sup>and Alfonso et al<sup>2</sup>about infections caused by penicillinase-producing strains of gonococci (PPNG) by presenting a case of PPNG bacteremia. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 36-year-old man has been treated for ten years with β-blockers and prazosin hydrochloride for moderate hypertension. He had gonococcal urethritis in the late 1960s and early 1980s. From mid-February 1983, the patient had a sore throat, with no response to potassium phenoxymethyl penicillin given orally. On Feb 26, he had fever (39.5 °C), noticed pustulelike lesions on the dorsum of his right hand, left upper arm, and the dorsum of both feet, and was admitted to Aurora Hospital. Leukocyte count in the peripheral blood was increased (2.4×10<sup>10</sup>/ L), with a mild shift to the left. Cerebrospinal fluid drawn because of headache yielded marginally elevated levels of erythrocytes
Does Color Vision Deficiency in the Endoscopist Influence the Accuracy of Endoscopic Diagnosis? An Anonymous Study with Dutch Gastrointestinal Endoscopists
Authors: J. C. Koningsberger, D. van Norren, J. C. G. van Niel, W. Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

Colors play a major role in the endoscopic diagnosis of many gastrointestinal conditions. Gastrointestinal endoscopists in the Netherlands are predominantly male (> 90 %), and from population data it is to be expected that approximately 8 % will have a color vision deficiency. The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of color vision deficiencies amongst Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists and to determine whether color vision deficiency affects an endoscopist's diagnostic skill. One hundred and thirty-nine gastroenterologists and physicians of internal medicine took an F2 color vision test and assessed nine videofragments of endoscopies. Color vision deficiencies were detected in 8 % of Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists. In one out of the nine video excerpts of endoscopies, a statistically significant difference was detected between test subjects with and without a color vision deficiency. However, this video excerpt showed a green pen, which could not be mistaken for a polyp at polypectomy. The study therefore does not show any effect of color vision deficiencies on endoscopic skills, nor does it show any deviant prevalence of color vision deficiencies amongst Dutch gastrointestinal endoscopists.
Drug-Related Blood Dyscrasias
Authors: Charles M. Huguley
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A registry, established to study blood dyscrasias that might be related to drugs, received 448 reports of such cases during the year 1960. There were 97 cases of pancytopenia. Among the 31 cases in which a single drug was implicated, 5 drugs were associated with more than 1 case: chloramphenicol, methyl-phenylethyl-hydantoin, phenylbutazone, and the 2 insecticides, gamma benzene hexachloride and chlordane. There were 44 cases of thrombocytopenia, and among the 16 cases in which a single drug was implicated the one most frequently involved was quinidine (5 cases). Among 93 cases of leukopenia there were 8 in which chlorpromazine was the only drug implicated. It is evident that certain drugs must be used only if the physician is alert, and alerts his patient, to the fever, sore throat, weakness, pallor, or bleeding that may be the first sign of developing blood dyscrasia.
Sports experts criticise school PE lessons for failing to keep children fit
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Physical education (PE) lessons in UK schools are failing to develop good general levels of fitness and often do not give children the aerobic workout they need to stay fit, sports experts claim.

The British Association of Sports and Exercise Medicine has called for short, intense exercise routines to be built into the school day to encourage children to develop good “functional joint movement.”

Richard Budgett, the association’s chairman, told the BMJ that he believed physical education in schools at present to be “completely disastrous.”

At the annual UK sports and exercise medicine conference last week the association backed the …
1088-132 Enteral nutrition affects body composition, plasma lipids and cytokines in cardiac cachexia: Interim analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial
Authors: Rozentryt Piotr, Michalak Alicja, Szewczyk Marta, Chwist-Nowak Aleksandra, Nowak Jolanta, Polo ski Lech, Zembala Marian, Anker D Stefan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Diagnostic yield of capsule endoscopy in ulcerative colitis and inflammatory bowel disease of unclassified type (IBDU)
Authors: S. Mehdizadeh, G. Chen, P. Enayati, D. Cheng, N. Han, O. Shaye, A. Ippoliti, E. Vasiliauskas, S. Lo, K. Papadakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de S. Mehdizadeh et al., pp. 30Endoscopy 2008; 40(01): 89-90DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306803
THE EFFECTS OF A GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE ANTAGONIST AND A GASTRIN-RELEASING PEPTIDE ANTAGONIST ON INTIMAL HYPERPLASIA OF THE CAROTID ARTERY AFTER BALLOON INJURY IN A DIABETIC RAT MODEL
Authors: John Moscona, Zia Khan, Andrew V. Schally, Patrice Delafontaine, Anand Irimpen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Imaging in Oncology
Authors: H. William Strauss
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Urinary biopyrrins levels are elevated in relation to severity of heart failure
Authors: Jun Hokamaki, Hiroaki Kawano, Michihiro Yoshimura, Hirofumi Soejima, Shinzo Miyamoto, Ichiro Kajiwara, Sunao Kojima, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Seigo Sugiyama, Nobutaka Hirai, Hideki Shimomura, Yasuhiro Nagayoshi, Kenichi Tsujita, Izuru Shioji, Shinya Sasaki, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)