tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Access to specialist services is missing
Authors: P. A. Sugarman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

It is good to see the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) focus on improving the experience of adults who use NHS mental health services, but, crucially, access to specialist services is missing.1 Although the government’s current mental health strategy “No Health without Mental Health” emphasises the equal status of mental health needs, the NHS cost saving agenda under the quality, …
The Putative Tumor Suppressor Gene <i>PTPN13/PTPL1</i> Induces Apoptosis through Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Dephosphorylation
Authors: Mathilde Dromard, Guillaume Bompard, Murielle Glondu-Lassis, Carole Puech, Dany Chalbos, Gilles Freiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) PTPL1/PTPN13 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Indeed, PTPL1 activity has been reported recently to be decreased through somatic mutations, allelic loss, or promoter methylation in some tumors. We showed previously that its expression was necessary for inhibition of Akt activation and induction of apoptosis by antiestrogens in breast cancer cells. Implications of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway in cancer progression are now well established, and our study was therefore designed to define whether PTPL1 is sufficient to inhibit this pathway and, if so, to identify a direct substrate of this PTP, which may trigger a proapoptotic effect. We first show by complementary approaches that PTPL1 specifically dephosphorylates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in vitro and in cellulo. Next, our experiments using a dominant-negative mutant and RNA interference confirm the crucial role of PTPL1 in IRS-1 dephosphorylation. Finally, we report that PTPL1 expression is sufficient to block the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, to inhibit the insulin-like growth factor-I effect on cell survival, and to induce apoptosis. Altogether, these data provide the first evidence for a direct positive role of the putative tumor suppressor gene PTPL1/PTPN13 on apoptosis and identify its target in the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6806–13]
Iatrogenic Nondiabetic Hyperosmolar States
Authors: A K Webb, M J Phillips, Gillian C Hanson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1979)

Four cases of the iatrogenic nondiabetic hyperosmolar state are presented. The clinical presentation, biochemical findings and management are discussed. No hypertonic solution should be infused at a rate above the level of patient tolerance; irrigation of a hollow viscus with a hypertonic solution should be avoided, and salt should not be used as an emetic. Patients under stress are particularly prone to this condition, largely because of the high circulating cortisol levels. The use of corticosteroids, salt-containing solutions in excess of patient requirements, water depletion and intravenous nutrition in the absence of careful biochemical monitoring, are all factors which may precipitate the hyperosmolar state in the critically ill.
Gallium-67 Citrate Imaging in the Evaluation of Unilateral Absence of Pulmonary Perfusion-Ventilation
Authors: TSAU-YUEN HUANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hemoptysis. Pulmonary perfusion-ventilation studies showed absent left lung with normal perfusion-ventilation of the right lung suggestive of obstruction of left pulmonary artery and bronchus. Ga-67 citrate imaging at 24 hours postinjection revealed an oval-shaped nodular area of radionuclide accumulation at the left hilar region consistent with a neoplasm. Left pneumonectomy was then performed and a large bronchogenic carcinoma was found. Grossly, the left bronchus was completely occluded and the left pulmonary artery extrinsically compressed by the tumor, resulting in the absence of left lung in the perfusion-ventilation imagings. Ga-67 citrate imaging could be helpful in the evaluation of unilateral absence of pulmonary perfusion-ventilation.
Army Aeromedical Evacuation Procedures in Vietnam
Authors: Spurgeon Neel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Army aeromedical evacuation procedures in Vietnam provide service so that no soldier is more than 35 minutes away from a medical facility capable of giving definite, resuscitative life-saving treatment. The use of the helicopter as a life-saving vehicle has not yet reached its full potential. The experiences that the Army Medical Service has gained in utilization of helicopter ambulances can and should be translated to comparable civilian emergency health programs.
Plasma thromboxane B2 concentration in pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.
Authors: S Fuse, T Kamiya
Journal: Circulation (1994)

We investigated the plasma concentration of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), to assess platelet activation in 78 patients who had pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PH group) and 16 patients with almost normal hemodynamics (control group).The PH group was divided into two subgroups: pulmonary vascular resistance (Rp) < or = 10 U/m2 (Rp < or = 10 group) and > 10 U/m2 (Rp > 10 group). In addition, the Rp < or = 10 group was divided on the basis of clinical symptoms into groups with dyspnea (dyspnea[+] group) and without dyspnea (dyspnea[-] group). Plasma TXB2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Plasma TXB2 levels in the three groups (control, Rp < or = 10, and Rp > 10) were significantly different (P < .005); the TXB2 levels in the Rp < or = 10 group were significantly higher than the others. Among the Rp < or = 10 patients, the plasma TXB2 levels were significantly higher in the dyspnea(+) group than in the dyspnea(-) group (P < .0001). In addition, the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio and pulmonary blood flow divided by body surface area were significantly higher in the dyspnea(+) group than in the dyspnea(-) group (P < .02 and P < .002, respectively).These findings suggest that platelet activation led to increased TXA2 release in patients with pulmonary hypertension, especially those with dyspnea and Rp < or = 10. TXA2 release from platelets probably caused constriction of the pulmonary arterioles and the bronchi, thus worsening pulmonary hypertension and dyspnea in these patients. In the patients with high Rp values, it was considered that the number of pulmonary arterioles where platelets could be activated had been reduced.
Phenomenology without conscious access is a form of consciousness without top-down attention
Authors: Christof Koch, Naotsugu Tsuchiya
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract We agree with Block's basic hypothesis postulating the existence of phenomenal consciousness without cognitive access. We explain such states in terms of consciousness without top-down, endogenous attention and speculate that their correlates may be a coalition of neurons that are consigned to the back of cortex, without access to working memory and planning in frontal cortex.
Sensitization to mouse allergen and asthma and asthma morbidity among women in Boston
Authors: Wanda Phipatanakul, Augusto A. Litonjua, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Lisa M. Naccara, Juan C. Celedón, Hassen Abdulkerim, Elaine B. Hoffman, Diane R. Gold
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
25 000 civilians have been killed in Iraq since invasion
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The number of civilians killed in the Iraq war from the invasion of 20 March 2003 to 19 March this year is 24 865, reports Iraq Body Count, an organisation that keeps track of reported deaths of civilians in Iraq. A further 42 500 civilians were reported wounded.

The report is sure to generate controversy, not least because of its finding that the group responsible for …
Rehabilitation after burn injury
Authors: Dale Edgar, Megan Brereton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Prevention of scarring should be the aim of burn management. For every member of the burn team, rehabilitation must start from the time of injury. Having a substantial burn injury is frightening, particularly as patients will not know what to expect and will be in pain. Consistent and often repetitive education is a vital part of patient care. Oedema management, respiratory management, positioning, and engaging patients in functional activities and movement must start immediately. Patients need to be encouraged to work to their abilities and accept responsibility for their own management. Functional outcome is compromised if patients do not regularly engage in movement. In order to achieve desired outcomes and movement habits, ensuring adequate pain control is important. The aim of analgesic drugs should be to develop a good baseline pain control to allow functional movement and activities of daily living to occur at any time during the day. The use of combined analgesics such as paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, and slow release narcotics reduces the need for increasing doses of narcotics for breakthrough pain. Codeine should be avoided if possible because of its negative effects on gut motility. Other pain control methods that may be helpful include transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Aggressive, prophylactic chest treatment should start on suspicion of an inhalational injury. If there is a history of burn in a closed space or the patient has a reduced level of consciousness then frequent, short treatments should begin on admission. Treatment should be aimed at removing lung secretions (oedema), normalising breathing mechanics, and preventing complications such as pneumonia.
PATIENT-LEVEL DISCORDANCE IN POPULATION PERCENTILES OF THE TC/HDL-C RATIO, NON-HDL-C, AND LDL-C: INSIGHTS FROM THE VERY LARGE DATABASE OF LIPIDS STUDY (VLDL-2)
Authors: Mohamed Elshazly, Seth Martin, Parag Joshi, Michael Blaha, Krishnaji Kulkarni, Steven Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 3100: The RNA-binding protein insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 is oncogenic in liposarcoma
Authors: Christina V. Angeles, Markus Hafner, Nicholas D. Socci, Penelope DeCarolis, Thomas Tuschl, Samuel Singer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is an oncofetal mRNA binding protein that controls migration and proliferation through post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. It is aberrantly expressed in various cancers. We sought to determine the alterations in IGF2BP3 expression and copy number in well-differentiated (WD) and dedifferentiated (DD) liposarcoma (LS) and elucidate its role in driving oncogenesis in WD and DD LS cell lines. Methods: U133A microarray analysis was performed on 61 DD and 52 WD LS as well as 17 normal fat (NF) tissue samples. CGH Agilent arrays were used to determine IGF2BP3 amplification status. An shRNA lentiviral system was used to knockdown (KD) IGF2BP3 in DD (DDLS8817, LPS141) and WD (RWD3051) cell lines. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mRNA expression were analyzed by Cyquant, annexin V, and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results: CGH analysis showed IGF2BP3 amplification in 19% of DDLS (n=36) and 5% of WDLS (n=36) tumor samples. On U133A analysis IGF2BP3 was 2.5-fold and 1.2-fold upregulated in DDLS and WDLS, respectively, compared to NF. IGF2BP3 was overexpressed in 49% of DDLS and 33% of WDLS tumor samples. Gene expression was increased in DDLS8817 (3-fold), LPS141 (6-fold) and RWD3051 (6-fold) compared to adipose-derived stem cells. IGF2BP3 KD reduced expression &amp;gt;95%(p&amp;lt;0.05) compared to empty vector control for each cell line. IGF2BP3 KD decreased proliferation by 43%, 31%, and 36%(p&amp;lt;0.001) in DDLS8817, LPS141 and RWD3051, respectively, compared to control. Apoptosis was increased by 34%, 55%, and 58%(p&amp;lt;0.0001) compared to control in DDLS8817, LPS141, and RWD3051, respectively, and correlated with level of IGF2BP3 upregulation. p27, a cell cycle inhibitor, was identified as a potential target of IGF2BP3 by photoreactive crosslinking and immunoprecipitation. On Western blot analysis p27 was increased, cyclin D1 was decreased, and p53 was decreased in IGF2BP3 KD compared to control in LPS141, consistent with the functional effects observed. Conclusions: IGF2BP3 overexpression is essential for proliferation and survival of LS cells. The cell cycle regulator, p27 was identified as an IGF2BP3 target mediating these functional effects. Identification of additional IGF2BP3 targets may lead to new therapeutic options for patients with DD and WD liposarcoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3100.
Isolation of Hartmannella Species from Human Throats
Authors: Stephen S. Wang, Harry A. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN a previous, preliminary publication1 we reported the recognition of 19 strains of free-living amebas of the genus hartmannella§ (acanthameba) in tissue cultures inoculated from pharyngeal swabs obtained for the study of viral respiratory diseases. Recently, several publications3 4 5 have described fatal human cases of acute meningoencephalitis resulting from infections with similar free-living amebas. In addition, others have reported the isolation of hartmannella species from swabs obtained for virus-isolation studies from the nose, pharynx, bronchi6 , 7 and, possibly, blood.8 , 9 In other reports such organisms were found to be "contaminants" of cultures of monkey-kidney cells.10 , 11 In the paper by Jahnes et al.10 the . . .
Open letter to Professor Peter Rubin, chair of the General Medical Council
Authors: J. M. Bridson, M. Samuels, N. Speight, C. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Creativity in advertising is a balancing act. Marketers say they want greater creativity, yet their agencies feel that these clients reject cutting-edge work and fail to adopt risky campaigns. So, when is highly creative advertising really needed, and when is it most appropriate? Why are clients “risk averse” as they avoid taking chances when times are good and should “breakthrough” advertising air during good and bad times? Copy testing and the impact of organizational politics on creative campaigns are key factors. The client9s openness to new ideas was examined as a conditional variable across 1,125 advertising campaigns reported by 408 advertising agency subjects.
Parathyroidectomy, Elevated Depression Scores, and Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Theresia Weber, Julia Eberle, Ursula Messelhäuser, Leif Schiffmann, Christoph Nies, Jochen Schabram, Andreas Zielke, Katharina Holzer, Edit Rottler, Doris Henne-Bruns, Monika Keller, Jörn von Wietersheim
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

To assess anxiety and depression symptoms, suicidal ideation, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a large series of consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) before and after parathyroidectomy.This prospective multicenter study investigated preoperative and postoperative depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and HRQOL in patients with pHPT and compared these variables with a control group with nontoxic thyroid nodules.The study included 194 patients with pHPT and 186 control subjects.Depression was evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, which also assessed suicidal ideation. Anxiety was evaluated with the HADS. Health-related quality of life was measured with the 36-Item Short Form survey.Parathyroidectomy achieved a 98% cure rate. Preoperatively, severe depression (HADS score ≥ 11) was seen in 20% of the pHPT group and 9% of the control group. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 detected moderate to severe depression in 17% of the patients with pHPT and 7% of the control subjects. Patients with pHPT had higher HADS anxiety scores (mean, 7.7) than control subjects (P < .01) or the German normative sample (P < .001). Compared with control subjects, patients with pHPT had significantly lower 36-Item Short Form survey preoperative physical and mental health summary scores (42.7 vs 49.5 and 41.2 vs 46.8, respectively; P = .001 for both comparisons). At 12 months follow-up, depression and anxiety decreased significantly in patients with pHPT; the prevalence of suicidal ideation was more than halved from the baseline (10.7% vs 22%; P = .008). Both physical and mental health scores (45.7 and 47.7, respectively) improved in patients with pHPT (P < .001 each) but not in control subjects.Depression, anxiety, and decreased HRQOL appear to be related to pHPT. Successful parathyroidectomy seems to reduce psychopathologic symptoms and improve HRQOL in this setting.
Cultured lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have a diminished capacity to synthesize prostaglandin E2 and to express cyclooxygenase-2.
Authors: J Wilborn, L J Crofford, M D Burdick, S L Kunkel, R M Strieter, M Peters-Golden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibits fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. In this study, we compared lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (F-IPF) and from patients undergoing resectional surgery for lung cancer (F-nl) with respect to their capacity for PGE2 synthesis and their expression and regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) proteins. Basal COX activity, assessed by quantitating immunoreactive PGE2 synthesized from arachidonic acid, was twofold less (P < 0.05) in F-IPF than F-nl. In F-nl, incubation with the agonists PMA, LPS, or IL-1 increased COX activity and protein expression of the inducible form of COX, COX-2, and these responses were inhibited by coincubation with dexamethasone. By contrast, F-IPF failed to demonstrate increases in COX-2 protein expression or COX activity in response to these agonists. Under conditions of maximal induction, COX activity in F-IPF was sixfold less than that in F-nl (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that F-IPF have a striking defect in their capacity to synthesize the antiinflammatory and antifibrogenic molecule PGE2, apparently because of a diminished induction of COX-2 protein. This reduction in the endogenous capacity of F-IPF to down-regulate their function via PGE2 may contribute to the inflammatory and fibrogenic response in IPF. Moreover, we believe that this represents the first description of a defect in COX-2 expression in association with a human disease.
Reduced Variation Around Drug-Resistant dhfr Alleles in African Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Richard Pearce, Allen Malisa, S. Patrick Kachur, Karen Barnes, Brian Sharp, Cally Roper
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

We have measured microsatellite diversity at 26 markers around the dhfr gene in pyrimethamine-sensitive and -resistant parasites collected in southeast Africa. Through direct comparison with diversity on sensitive chromosomes we have found significant loss of diversity across a region of 70 kb around the most highly resistant allele which is evidence of a selective sweep attributable to selection through widespread use of pyrimethamine (in combination with sulfadoxine) as treatment for malaria. Retrospective analysis through four years of direct and continuous selection from use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as first-line malaria treatment on a Plasmodium falciparum population in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, has revealed how recombination significantly narrowed the margins of the selective sweep over time. A deterministic model incorporating selection coefficients measured during the same interval indicates that the transition was toward a state of recombination-selection equilibrium. We compared loss of diversity around the same resistance allele in two populations at either extreme of the range of entomological inoculation rates (EIRs), namely, under one infective bite per year in Mpumalanga, South Africa, and more than one per day in southern Tanzania. EIRs determine effective recombination rates and are expected to profoundly influence the dimensions of the selective sweep. Surprisingly, the dimensions were broadly consistent across both populations. We conclude that despite different recombination rates and contrasting drug selection histories in neighboring countries, the region-wide movement of resistant parasites has played a key role in the establishment of resistance in these populations and the dimensions of the selective sweep are dominated by the influence of high initial starting frequencies.
Fate of Childhood Cancer Survivors Comes Under Increasing Scrutiny
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THEIR NUMBERS approach 50 000. They range in age from early teens to late 40s. They are male and female, most white, a very few black. They live in cities, suburbs, and small towns. They share one piece of personal history: they had cancer as a child and survived. As their ranks swell in testimony to the successes of pediatric oncology, new issues are coming under scrutiny. "Until about five or ten years ago, oncologists were happy just to see a kid [alive and] walking down the corridor," notes Elizabeth Thompson, MD, director of the After Cancer Therapy Center at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tenn. "As cancer has become much more of a chronic illness, now we can focus on the late effects." <h3>Assessing Consequences</h3> Thompson is one of a growing number of investigators across the country who are trying to assess the psychosocial consequences of having been
WHOOPING COUGH.FIVE HUNDRED AND FIFTY CASES TREATED BY THE ABDOMINAL BELT.
Authors: THERON WENDELL KILMER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The use of the abdominal belt to control the vomiting of pertussis has long passed the experimental stage. In my own series of cases, now numbering 43, in which the belt has been used, the results have been surprisingly good. It occurred to me that the results obtained in my own cases possibly were not shared by the profession in general. I, therefore, sent the following circular letter to many of the leading pediatrists of the United States, and it is to a study of the results obtained in so doing that I ask your attention for a few moments. <h3>Dear Doctor:</h3> —Being anxious to obtain a few statistics of cases of whooping cough which have been treated by means of the elastic abdominal belt (or any modification of it), will you do me the favor of replying to the following questions? Sincerely yours Theron W. Kilmer. Number of cases
Outbreak of sterile peritonitis among continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Alicia J. Mangram, Lennox K. Archibald, Mark Hupert, Jerome I. Tokars, L. Christine Silver, Patrick Brennan, Matthew Arduino, Sonya Peterson, Seaul Parks, Alicia Raymond, Margaret Mccullough, Martha Jones, Allen Wasserstein, Sidney Kobrin, William R. Jarvis
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Low-dose estrogen improves serum lipids, homocysteine, and fibrinolysis without altering markers of hemostasis in elderly men
Authors: S. Giri, P.D. Thompson, J.H. Contois, P. Taxel, J. Otvos, R. Allen, G. Ens, A.H.B. Wu, D.D. Waters
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
From Broca's aphasia to the language module: A transformation too large?
Authors: Fred H. Previc
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

This commentary focuses on the larger implications of Grodzinsky's hypothesis. Although Grodzinsky argues persuasively that the syntactic comprehension deficits in Broca's aphasia involve mainly an inability to comprehend sentences requiring a transformational movement of phrasal constituents, his larger claim for a distinct and dedicated “language organ” in the left hemisphere is much less tenable.