tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF OTOLOGY AND RHINOLOGY IN PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Authors: JOHN J. KYLE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The otologists and rhinologists of this country have, I believe, a decided opinion that the ear, nose and throat have a rôle in the etiology of many general diseases, contributing directly in certain diseases and indirectly in others. Specific citations will be offered in the discussion of this important subject. <h3>FUNCTION AND PATHOLOGY OF THE NOSE</h3> The nose is both a respiratory and an olfactory organ. As a respiratory organ it prepares the air for the lungs, filters it, warms and moistens it. The normal mucus secreted from the nose, in addition to furnishing moisture for the inspired air, is a factor in digestion. It is especially true that gastro-intestinal disorders are not uncommon in very young children suffering from diseases of the upper air passages, and are due to putrefactive changes from the action of bacteria on the intestinal mucosa rather than on food particles. Nasal stenosis produces a
Smoking Abstinence and Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival
Authors: Anita Johnston-Early, Martin H. Cohen, John D. Minna, Lillian M. Paxton, Byron E. Fossieck, Daniel C. Ihde, Paul A. Bunn, Mary J. Matthews, Robert Makuch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The prognostic implications of cigarette smoking were investigated in 112 patients with small cell lung cancer. Twenty had stopped smoking permanently before diagnosis (NS-Prior), 35 had stopped at diagnosis (NS-Dx), and 57 patients continued smoking (S). Therapies included chemotherapy alone or with radiation therapy, with or without thymosin fraction V. The survival difference among the three groups was statistically significant. The NS-Prior patients had the best survival, followed by NS-Dx patients and finally S patients. No S patient has survived, disease free, more than 96 weeks, while three NS-Prior and three NS-Dx patients are disease free 103 to 220 weeks after start of treatment. Thymosin, 60 mg/sq m, yielded survival benefits for the S group only. Continuation of smoking during the treatment of small cell lung cancer was associated with a poor prognosis, while discontinuation of smoking, even at diagnosis, may have beneficial effects on survival. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2175-2179, 1980)
Ionising radiation-free whole-body MRI versus 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scans for children and young adults with cancer: a prospective, non-randomised, single-centre study
Authors: Christopher Klenk, Rakhee Gawande, Lebriz Uslu, Aman Khurana, Deqiang Qiu, Andrew Quon, Jessica Donig, Jarrett Rosenberg, Sandra Luna-Fineman, Michael Moseley, Heike E Daldrup-Link
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Lung cancer and radon.
Authors: D. P. Miles
Journal: BMJ (1992)

death reported by Lim2 is unlikely to have been due to flumazenil,4 while the mechanism of action in the death reported by Burr et al was a withdrawal of the protective action of benzodiazepines in a patient who had taken a multiple drug overdose.3The same mechanism also explains the precipitation of ventricular arrhythmias in the report that Katz and colleagues quote in support of their own case.5Benzodiazepines have a dampening effect on sympathetic nervous system activity,6 and animal studies suggest that they can increase the electrical stability of the heart in patients with acute myo- cardial infarction.7There is little doubt that sympathetic activity in restless, waking, intubated patients is increased.This is primarily the result of irritation due to the endotracheal tube, a response that is augmented in the presence of hypoxia or pain, or both.In this setting reversing sedation with flumazenil unmasks increased sympathetic drive and cardiac electrical instability, thereby precipitating ventricular arrhythmias in an already severely damaged myocardium with compromised left ventricular function.The conclusion can be only that the fatal drug actions in this case are similar to those reported elsewhere.35There is no evidence for any direct cardiac effect of flumazenil.
Mechanical characteristics of the globally ischaemic heart
Authors: V E Shlyachover, O K Zenin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The aim was to study the effects of global ischaemia on the mechanical properties of the myocardium.Myocardial ischaemia was achieved by incubating the hearts of 160 rats in normal saline at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 24 h. To obtain different degrees of contracture, excess pressure (up to 150 mm Hg) was created in the left ventricles of subgroups of hearts. After incubation the hearts underwent mechanical loading.Ischaemic contracture of cardiomyocytes led to increased rigidity and strength of the myocardium. A pressure of 50 mm Hg or higher blocked the increase in strength and rigidity of the ischaemic myocardium.It appears likely that in a functioning heart cardiomyocyte contracture in an ischaemic zone can only develop during the diastolic phase. A decrease in diastolic duration and/or an increase in diastolic pressure in the left ventricle may prevent increases in strength and rigidity of the ventricular wall after an infarct and promote the development of aneurysm and possible cardiac rupture.
The Effects of Blinding on Acceptance of Research Papers by Peer Review
Authors: Martin Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study whether reviewers aware of author identity are biased in favor of authors with more previous publications. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Editoria office of the<i>Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics</i>. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Two "blinded" and two "nonblinded" reviewers assigned to 57 consecutive manuscripts submitted between September 1991 and March 1992. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to compare the sum of rating scores of 1 to 5 (1, accept; 5, reject) given by the two blinded reviewers, the two nonblinded reviewers, and the editors to the number of articles published previously by the first and senior authors (as determined from requested curricula vitae). Blinded reviewers were sent a questionnaire asking whether they could determine the identity of the authors, how they knew, and whether they thought blinding changed the quality or difficulty of their review. <h3>Results.</h3> —The Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test disclosed no differences between blinded and nonblinded scores. The number of previous articles by the senior author was significantly correlated (<i>P</i>&lt;.01) with blinded scores (<i>r</i>=—.45) and editors' decisions (<i>r</i>=—.45), but not with nonblinded scores; the number of articles by the first author was correlated (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) with editors' decisions (<i>r</i>=—.35) but not with blinded or nonblinded scores. Fifty (46%) of 108 blinded reviewers correctly guessed the identity of the authors, mostly from self-references and knowledge of the work; 86% believed blinding did not change the quality of their review, and 73% believed it did not change the difficulty of performing a review. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Blinded reviewers and editors in this study, but not nonblinded reviewers, gave better scores to authors with more previous articles. These results suggest that blinded reviewers may provide more unbiased reviews and that nonblinded reviewers may be affected by various types of bias. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:143-146)
UN conference closes with reservations
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The health section proved the most contentious when delegates to the United Nations' fourth world conference on women wound up their work in Beijing on 15 September. About 41 countries lodged reservations against the final text of the main document, the “platform for action,” and most were objections to health issues.

Most controversial was a paragraph in the health section that, for the first time in a UN document, defined a woman's sexual rights. Although strong lobbying by Catholic and Muslim countries had removed the actual phrase “sexual rights,” the paragraph survived negotiations to read: …
Mandatory Premarital HIV Testing: The Illinois Experience
Authors: Charlotte Silverman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The June 16, 1989, issue of JAMA carried two important reports on premarital blood testing for AIDS: an analysis of 6 months' experience with mandatory testing in Illinois 1 and an editorial by the health commissioner of New York City. 2 In Illinois, only 8 (0.011%) seropositive individuals were identified out of 70 846 applicants for marriage licenses during January through June 1988 at an estimated cost of $2.5 million, or $312 500 per HIV-positive person. In New York City, mandatory premarital screening for HIV was rejected as an ineffective use of public resources. The point of this communication is to note that in the case of premarital blood testing there has never been a defensible basis for mandatory premarital testing for sexually transmitted diseases, which now include AIDS.  In 1947 Nels A. Nelson, then director of the Bureau of Venereal Diseases, Baltimore City Health Department, 3
Blister fluid for the diagnosis of subepidermal immunobullous diseases: a comparative study of basement membrane zone autoantibodies detected in blister fluid and serum
Authors: None Zhou, None Wakelin, None Allen, None Wojnarowska
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Journal Article Blister fluid for the diagnosis of subepidermal immunobullous diseases: a comparative study of basement membrane zone autoantibodies detected in blister fluid and serum Get access S. Zhou, S. Zhou Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Wakelin, S.H. Wakelin Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Allen, J. Allen Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Wojnarowska F. Wojnarowska Department of Dermatology, The Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 139, Issue 1, 1 July 1998, Pages 27–32, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02311.x Published: 01 July 1998
Severe Symptoms of Hyperhistaminemia after the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Tretinoin (all-<i>trans</i>Retinoic Acid)
Authors: Tadashi Koike, Wataru Tatewaki, Azusa Aoki, Haruko Yoshimoto, Kumiko Yagisawa, Shigeo Hashimoto, Tatsuo Furukawa, Hiroyuki Saitoh, Masuhiro Takahashi, Yang Li-bo, Wang Ying, Akira Shibata
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

RECENT reports that tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid) induced the maturation of leukemic cells in vivo and in vitro and yielded high rates of complete remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia illustrate a form of therapy that induces the differentiation of leukemic cells rather than a cytotoxic effect.1 2 3 4 In this form of treatment, leukemic cells undergo terminal differentiation and lose the capacity to proliferate. The clinical response to tretinoin often includes an increase in the number of abnormal neutrophils, which is caused by the maturation of leukemic cells during the induction of remission. This beneficial effect can usually be . . .
Association between anaemia and hypolipidaemia.
Authors: J P Miller
Journal: BMJ (1972)

and diphenhydramine2 have shown no ad- vantage over placebo from the point of view of patient or doctor.In a brief experience so far our patients appear to have tolerated examinations satisfactorily without any pharyngeal anaesthesia.It may thus be un- necessary as well as potentially dangerous.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract 4673: The anti-proliferative effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac and indomethacin in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Blanca L. Valle, Theresa D'Souza, Kevin G. Becker, William H. Wood, Robert P. Wersto, Patrice J. Morin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that the regular use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs is associated with a reduced risk of various cancers. In addition, in vitro and preclinical mouse model experiments have demonstrated that NSAIDs decrease tumor initiation and/or progression of several cancers. In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms of tumor prevention by NSAIDs, we have studied the effects of two NSAIDs, diclofenac and indomethacin, in several ovarian cancer cell lines. Diclofenac and indomethacin treatment decreased cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. To identify the possible molecular pathways mediating the effects of NSAID treatment in ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with diclofenac or indomethacin and microarray analysis was performed. Among the genes differentially expressed in the different cell lines were genes involved in signaling, metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. Some of the genes found downregulated following diclofenac or indomethacin treatment are transcriptional target genes of E2F1 and E2F4, suggesting involvement of these transcription factors in the response of ovarian cancer cells to NSAID treatment. In addition, E2F1 was found downregulated at the protein level upon treatment with diclofenac and indomethacin. The levels of phosphorylated Rb protein also decreased upon treatment with NSAIDs, suggesting activation of Rb and involvement of the Rb/E2F pathway in the effects of NSAID treatment in ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, NSAIDs diclofenac and indomethacin exert an anti-proliferative effect in ovarian cancer cells and we have identified a number of target genes and pathways that may be important for the NSAID-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Current efforts are focused on determining the exact roles of these genes and pathways in NSAID-mediated cancer growth inhibition. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4673. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4673
How Safe is Small Bowel Biopsy?
Authors: B. Lembcke, H. Schneider, P.G. Lankisch
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

This retrospective, controlled study covers data from the medical records of 298 hospitalized patients, who, during the period 1972-1982, had 1,007 hydraulic small bowel biopsies removed on 342 occasions. The main complication was hemorrhage (drop in hemoglobin concentration greater than or equal to 2 g/100 ml) in 1.5% of the investigations. In one case (0.3%) transfusions were required. One other patient (0.3%) needed laparotomy following perforation. No deaths due to jejunal biopsy were observed in our series. Four patients (1.2%) developed transient temperature greater than or equal to 38 degrees C in response to the biopsy. The final diagnosis 'small bowel bacterial overgrowth' in three of these patients suggests that bacteremia was the cause of postbiopsy fever, and that bacterial overgrowth predisposes to this complication of jejunal biopsy. Neither the number of biopsies (n = 1-20), nor the performance of repeat investigations in the same patient, nor the year of investigation, nor nutritional status showed any correlation to the development of complications.
The NF-κB pathway blockade by the IKK inhibitor PS1145 can overcome Imatinib resistance
Authors: D Cilloni, F Messa, F Arruga, I Defilippi, A Morotti, E Messa, S Carturan, E Giugliano, M Pautasso, E Bracco, V Rosso, A Sen, G Martinelli, M Baccarani, G Saglio
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Hepatic Necrosis and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Carlo F. Colucci
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) has been reported as a cause of jaundice.<sup>1</sup>While sulfamethoxazole can, rarely, cause hepatic lesions,<sup>2-7</sup>there is no information on the effect of trimethoprim. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 80-year-old man had arteriosclerotic heart disease and varicose veins with leg edema. Five months after admission to the hospital, bilateral orchitis developed. Trimethoprim (4 mg/ kg)-sulfamethoxazole (20 mg/kg) was added to the established therapy (digoxin and aminophylline orally and local treatment). Orchitis regressed in ten days and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was suspended. Ten days later, however, jaundice and hepatomegaly appeared. There was a moderate quantity of protein, bilirubin, and urobilinogen in the urine. Total serum bilirubin level was 10 mg/100 ml, and serum glutamic (SGOT) and pyruvic (SGPT) transaminase levels were 200 and 135 milliunits (mU)/ml, respectively. Other values were as follows: serum alkaline phosphatase, 245 mU/ml; blood urea nitrogen, 34 mg/100 ml; fasting blood
Effects of lipoxin A<sub>4</sub>on chemotaxis and degranulation of human eosinophils stimulated by platelet-activating factor and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine
Authors: O. Soyombo, B. W. Spur, T. H. Lee
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Lipoxins are trihydroxytetraene metabolites derived through a double lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid. Lipoxin A 4 (LXA 4 ) was prepared by total chemical synthesis, and its capacity to modulate eosinophil migration has been evaluated. LXA 4 is a weak and partial chemotactic agent; at 10 −6 M, it achieved about 20% of the response of 10 −6 M platelet‐activating factor (PAF). Preincubation of eosinophils with increasing doses of LXA 4 (10 −10 −10 −5 M) resulted in a concentration‐dependent inhibition of cell migration induced by 10 ‐6 M formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) and 10 ‐6 M PAF. The concentration of LXA 4 which produced 50% inhibition (IC 50 ) of eosinophil migration was approximately 10 ‐6 M. LXA 4 (10 ‐10 ‐10 ‐6 M) did not elicit ECP release or modulate ECP release induced by 10 ‐6 M FMLP. LXA 4 may have antiallergic properties in preventing eosinophilic migration.
Essential thrombocythemia in patients with platelet counts below 600x10<sup>9</sup>/L: Applicability of the 2008 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria revision proposal
Authors: Mi Kwon, Santiago Osorio, Carolina Muñoz, José Manuel Sánchez, Ismael Buno, José Luis Díez‐Martín
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

therefore, accelerating the endothelial turnover.Although the increase in EPCs number in our study did not reach statistical significance, it is a well-known fact that PB EPCs are extremely rare and their mobilization takes place hours after the application of the stimulus, whereas in this study the blood was drawn after about 10 min after the goal of the exercise test was achieved.Our observations on the effects of exercise on the CECs may help to explain the benefits that exercise has on the cardiovascular system, suggesting a role of mechanical factors such as BP on the endothelial renewal in physiological conditions.
Mapping Cerebral Activity With Deoxyglucose
Authors: Louis Sokoloff
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Energy metabolism is closely coupled to functional activity in most tissues, including those of the CNS. Deoxyglucose labeled with carbon 14 can be used to measure rates of glucose use in all anatomic and functional components of the CNS. Using radioautography of serial sections of the brain, pictorial representation of the relative rates of glucose use are obtained. These radioautographs are like a stain for functional activity in nervous tissue and can be used to identify regions with altered functional activity in varying physiological, pharmacological, and pathological states. The most dramatic demonstrations of the ability of the deoxyglucose method to map functional activity in the CNS have been in the primary visual cortex of the monkey. In this species, as in all animals with binocular vision, the visual pathways are approximately 50% crossed at the optic chiasma. The projections from the two retinas remain segregated and terminate in six well-defined
In the bush at Ochadamu.
Authors: R Leetch
Journal: BMJ (1980)

I spent my first few days intrigued by how different Nigeria was compared with anywhere I had been before. The heat of the air caught my breath as I stepped off the air-conditioned plane, and for those seven weeks I wore only a tee-shirt, shorts, and pair of sandals. My ears soon discovered the noise of Nigeria; during the day the noise of people is very obvious, and the sound seems to travel much further than in Britain without being distorted. At night as if to compensate for the sleeping people the bush comes alive, and the noise of insects and animals fills the air until dawn. I was surprised not to be in the middle of a forest; the jungle was nowhere to be seen. Instead the land was green with grass and trees; not thick enough for jungle or sparse enough for grassland?this was the bush. My biggest shock was when I saw Ochadamu Medical Centre itself. I had imagined a large white building set on the edge of a mud-hut village, but to my surprise Ochadamu was more like a community, covering an area of cleared bush about a kilometre square. It has numerous buildings, most of which are accom modation for the British and Nigerian staff. The total number of people living and working on the compound (as it is referred
Coronary arterial spasm in single coronary artery.
Authors: K Yamamoto, Y Koiwaya, T Tajimi, T Inou, A Mitsutake, Y Orita, A Takeshita, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1981)

A 48-year-old man developed severe chest pain and became unconscious. Coronary cineangiography revealed single coronary artery of the type L2b by Sharbaugh and White. Ergonovine, 0.2 mg i.v., produced coronary arterial spasm in the right coronary artery. This case suggests that coronary arterial spasm might be a cause of sudden death in patients with single coronary artery. However, an association of single coronary artery and coronary arterial spasm might be coincidental.
Tc-99m Red Blood Cells for the Study of Rapid Hemolytic Processes Associated with Heterologous Blood Transfusions
Authors: ANTHONY R. BENEDETTO, CHANTAL R. HARRISON, RALPH BLUMHARDT, LARRY L. TROW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Chromium-51 labeled erythrocytes (Cr-51 RBC) are suitable for the study of hematologic disorders which involve relatively slow destruction of circulating erythrocytes, taking several days to several weeks. However, Cr-51 RBC are not suitable for investigating rapid hemolytic processes which occur within a matter of a few hours due to the variable and unpredictable elution of Cr-51 from the erythrocytes during the first 24 hours or so (1). Imaging, which could be useful in identifying organ systems involved in the hemolytic process, cannot be performed with Cr-51 RBC because of the high dose commitment caused by the low yield of gamma rays from Cr-51 (2). A method of labeling RBC with Tc-99m, which results in a radiopharmaceutical that combines the excellent dosimetric and imaging qualities of Tc-99m with an extremely stable bond between the Tc-99m and the RBC, is reported. The successful application of this technique in providing red cell support for a cancer patient with an unusual history of intravascular hemolytic transfusion reactions is also reported.
In vivo diagnosis of acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease by confocal endomicroscopy
Authors: C. Bojarski, U. Günther, K. Rieger, F. Heller, C. Loddenkemper, M. Grünbaum, L. Uharek, M. Zeitz, J. Hoffmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Conventional histology with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is the accepted standard for diagnosing acute intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Confocal endomicroscopy (CEM) is a noninvasive method that allows in vivo histology to be performed during endoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate CEM for the diagnosis of acute intestinal GvHD.