tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of allergen challenge on airway responsiveness to histamine and sodium metabisulphite in mild asthma.
Authors: D. J. Evans, L. J. Coulby, B. J. O'Connor
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: Airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine, direct smooth muscle spasmogens, is increased following inhalation of allergen. Although the aetiology of this phenomenon is unclear, increased cellular or neural activity may be involved since allergen also induces increases in airway responsiveness to the mast cell stimulus adenosine-59-monophosphate (AMP) and the neural stimulus bradykinin. METHODS: To explore this further, the airway responsiveness to sodium metabisulphite (MBS), an indirect neural stimulus with similar characteristics to bradykinin, was compared in 18 mild steroid-naive asthmatic subjects with the airway responsiveness to histamine before and after allergen challenge with extracts of house dust mite, grass pollen, or cat. All subjects inhaled doubling increments of histamine and MBS until the concentration provoking a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20) was reached before and three hours after allergen challenge. Twelve of the subjects had additional challenges at 24 hours after the allergen. RESULTS: Following allergen challenge all subjects showed an early response and 14 also had a late asthmatic response. For histamine there was a significant increase in airway responsiveness at both three and 24 hours compared with values before the allergen (0.89 (0.25) and 1.53 (0.52) doubling dose changes, respectively). In contrast, airway responsiveness to MBS was unaltered by allergen challenge (0.29 (0.27) and -0.33 (0.28) doubling dose changes compared with pre-allergen values at three and 24 hours, respectively). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that activation of airway sensory nerves is unlikely to contribute to the increase in airway responsiveness following inhalation of allergen. The previously observed allergen induced increase in airway responsiveness to bradykinin and AMP may involve non-neural pathways.
Implementing the Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Education for Family Practice
Authors: Vernon E. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The Ad Hoc Committee on Education for Family Practice was appointed in September 1964, by the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association (AMA) with the concurrence of the AMA Board of Trustees and given the following charge: To review present AMA policy regarding the future of family and/or general practice and determine whether the goals of such policy are being achieved. To recommend the educational approach by which present goals may be achieved if they are not now being achieved. To define and recommend policies by which these goals may be achieved. <h3>History</h3><h3>Formation.—</h3> For a substantial period of years, the AMA House of Delegates had repeatedly emphasized the importance of family practice in the pursuit of optimum health care for the public, but the number and percentage of recognized family practitioners had continued to decline. The House firmly indicated its desire to reverse
Abstract A76: FGF-2 accelerates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Masao Saitoh, Takuya Shirakihara, Keiji Miyazawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial event in appropriate embryonic development as well as in wound healing, tissue repair, and cancer progression in adult tissues. EMT endows cells with migratory and invasive properties, inhibits apoptosis and senescence, contributes to immunosuppression, and induces stress resistance and stem cell properties. We have recently demonstrated that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces isoform switching of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors through regulating expression of epithelial splicing regulatory proteins 1 and 2, and thereby FGF-2 promotes EMT in collaboration with TGF-β. We performed a microarray analysis to elucidate changes in expression profiles during the enhanced EMT by combined treatment of TGF-β with FGF-2, and found that several genes are specifically upregulated by the combined treatment. Here, roles of these genes in the enhanced EMT by TGF-β and FGF-2 will be discussed. Citation Format: Masao Saitoh, Takuya Shirakihara, Keiji Miyazawa. FGF-2 accelerates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A76.
High Altitude Medicine
Authors: Frederick L. Glauser
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Mountainous heights and high altitude have fascinated, intrigued, and frightened humankind since before Moses descended from the mountain. History is replete with human-mountain interactions—Hannibal, 20th-century India-Chinese armed conflicts, Vesuvius, the Mount Saint Helen's eruption, bigfoot, Hillary and Tenzing, the Nez Perce, Donner, Greek gods, saints, sinners, and hermits. No less fascinating are the physiological and psychological limits imposed by altitude, weather, terrain, and the hypoxic milieu on humans and other animals. Although numerous interesting and important scientific books have been published this century, none approaches the depth, scope, and detail of Herb Hultgren's new<i>High Altitude Medicine</i>. The title is something of a misnomer, as much of the book (to the author's credit) deals with the physiological effects of high altitude on numerous organ systems (chapters 1 through 11). High-altitude diseases, including pulmonary edema, acute and chronic mountain sickness, sleep disorders, syncope, retinal hemorrhage, headache, and others, are discussed in
RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON GONOCOCCIC VAGINITIS
Authors: JOHN L. RICE
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The New York City Department of Health, with the cooperation of the United States Public Health Service, in 1938 began research on gonococcic vaginitis with the object of studying diagnosis, criteria of cure and epidemiology and of evaluating different methods of treatment. This report summarizes the more important conclusions reached and expresses our agreed opinion and that of the members of the advisory committee<sup>1</sup>who so ably guided the work. Since the inception of this study, 381 (22.2 per cent) of 1,715 children examined were found to have gonococcic vaginitis. The infected children were examined once a week until the diagnostic laboratory procedures had given negative results for about eight successive weeks, after which they were examined at monthly intervals. Material for examination was obtained by inserting a glass female catheter containing saline solution into the vagina. Portions of the same specimen of exudate were used for smear and
A Randomized Trial of Laparoscopic versus Open Surgery for Rectal Cancer
Authors: H. Jaap Bonjer, Charlotte L. Deijen, Gabor A. Abis, Miguel A. Cuesta, Martijn H.G.M. van der Pas, Elly S.M. de Lange-de Klerk, Antonio M. Lacy, Willem A. Bemelman, John Andersson, Eva Angenete, Jacob Rosenberg, Alois Fuerst, Eva Haglind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer is widely used. However, robust evidence to conclude that laparoscopic surgery and open surgery have similar outcomes in rectal cancer is lacking. A trial was designed to compare 3-year rates of cancer recurrence in the pelvic or perineal area (locoregional recurrence) and survival after laparoscopic and open resection of rectal cancer.
Generation and Purification of Polyclonal Chicken IgY Antibodies Induced by Synthetic Oligopeptides Against Allergens of the Group 1 Dust Mites
Authors: G. Garavito, L.A. Barrera, A.J. Espejo, L. Lareo, E.A. Navarro, E. Egea Bermejo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Pituitary-testicular interrelationships in mumps orchitis and other viral infections
Authors: D A Adamopoulos, D M Lawrence, P Vassilopoulos, P A Contoyiannis, G I M Swyer
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Leydig-cell function was assessed in 27 men with acute mumps orchitis by measuring plasma testosterone concentrations before and after the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The test was also performed on groups of patients with other febrile viral infections and mumps without orchitis and on healthy euspermic men. The concentrations both before and after HCG were significantly lower in patients in the acute phase of mumps-but not in those with other viral infections and mumps without orchitis-than in the healthy men. Basal concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) were significantly increased in patients with acute mumps orchitis, while an exaggerated response to LH-releasing hormone was noted in four patients after the acute phase of the disease. Raised plasma LH concentrations were also found in several patients with viral infections, including mumps without orchitis. There appeared to be no particular merit of any of the treatments used (aspirin, prednisolone, and cold baths). In patients reevaluated three to five and 10 to 12 months after the acute phase of their disease the basal testosterone concentrations were similar to those of the healthy men, but several of the patients showed a severely impaired response to HCG. Mean basal FSH and LH concentrations were significantly increased 10 to 12 months after the acute phase, while the mean LH concentration was also raised at three to five months.It is concluded that mumps orchitis impairs Leydigcell function during the acute phase of the disease but may also have a more permanent damaging effect, similar to that found in the germinal epithelium.
Implications of endotracheal tube biofilm for ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: C. G. Adair, S. P. Gorman, B. M. Feron, L. M. Byers, D. S. Jones, C. E. Goldsmith, J. E. Moore, J. R. Kerr, M. D. Curran, G. Hogg, C. H. Webb, G. J. McCarthy, K. R. Milligan
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1999)
Changes in atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations during intravenous saline infusion in hypoxic cor pulmonale.
Authors: A G Stewart, P A Bardsley, S V Baudouin, J C Waterhouse, J S Thompson, A H Morice, P Howard
Journal: Thorax (1991)

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of oedema in hypoxic cor pulmonale is poorly understood. One possibility is a failure of atrial natriuretic peptide release, leading to salt and water retention. This hypothesis was tested by observing the response to an intravenous saline challenge in patients with and without cor pulmonale. METHODS: Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured before and for three hours after an intravenous saline load (0.1 ml 2.7% saline/kg/min for 60 minutes) in 20 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Ten patients with cor pulmonale, as judged clinically by the presence of peripheral oedema with a previously documented increase in the jugular venous pressure or pleural effusions during an acute exacerbation of airway obstruction (mean (SE) age 67 (3) years, FEV1 0.73 (0.08) 1, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) 6.4 (0.4) kPa, and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) 6.7 (0.3) kPa), were compared with 10 patients with hypoxic chronic obstructive airways disease who had never had oedema (mean age 63 (1) years, FEV1 1.07 (0.09) 1, PaO2 8.6 (0.4) kPa, and PaCO2 5.3 (0.2) kPa). All patients were studied fasting and after diuretics had been stopped for three days. No supplemental oxygen was given. RESULTS: The mean four hourly urine sodium excretion was less in the patients who had oedema (27 (4.6) mmol, 13% of the intravenous load) than in those without oedema (82 (15.5) mmol, 43% of the load). Initial mean plasma atrial natriuretic peptide values were significantly higher in the patients with cor pulmonale (19.1 (1.6) compared with 10.2 (0.7) pmol/l) and the mean peak rise in atrial natriuretic peptide after the intravenous saline load had been given was 13 (8.0) pmol/l in the patients with cor pulmonale and 5.5 (2.3) pmol/l in the controls. There were no significant differences in plasma and urinary osmolality, blood pressure, or creatinine clearance between the groups. CONCLUSION: Patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and cor pulmonale have an impaired ability to excrete a hypertonic intravenous saline load despite a normal physiological release of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide.
Physicians, Patients Not Following Advice From USPSTF on Mammography Screening
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

In 2009, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against routine screening mammography for women aged 40 to 49 years and advised biennial rather than annual screening for women aged 50 to 74 years. But it appears that women and physicians have ignored these recommendations.
Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
Authors: Louisa Degenhardt, Harvey A Whiteford, Alize J Ferrari, Amanda J Baxter, Fiona J Charlson, Wayne D Hall, Greg Freedman, Roy Burstein, Nicole Johns, Rebecca E Engell, Abraham Flaxman, Christopher JL Murray, Theo Vos
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Cohort study of birthweight, mortality, and disability
Authors: C. Power
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A study investigating the relation between fetal growth and subsequent mortality of Swedish residents born in Uppsala during 1915–29 identified slow fetal growth rate rather than small size at birth as the factor associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease.1 The study also showed an expected association between birthweight and infant mortality. Surprisingly, birthweight was also associated with mortality in children aged 1–14 years. This association has not been previously observed, so we sought confirmation of the relation in the 1958 British birth cohort study. Because childhood death is now rare, we also examined whether birthweight had long term effects on disability.

The 1958 cohort includes about 17 000 people born on 3–9 March 1958 in England, Scotland, and Wales followed up to 1991.2 Birthweight was recorded …
Sildenafil Citrate for the Sexual Dysfunction in Antidepressant-Treated Male Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Ilya Reznik, Zvi Zemishlany, Moshe Kotler, Baruch Spivak, Abraham Weizman, Roberto Mester
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Previous studies have suggested that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with pervasive sexual dysfunction. Sildenafil citrate was established as a highly effective and well-tolerated oral agent for the treatment of sexual dysfunction of various etiologies. There are no studies that have examined the efficacy of oral sildenafil in PTSD patients with sexual dysfunction. &lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt; The current study evaluated the impact of sildenafil added to an ongoing antidepressive treatment in male PTSD patients. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Ten consecutive male PTSD patients who complained of sexual dysfunction were enrolled in an open-label 4-week fixed-dose study of sildenafil citrate 50 mg/day p.r.n. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after treatment with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS); sexual function assessments were performed using the International Index of Erectile Function. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; All patients completed the study and statistically significant improvement was observed in all evaluated domains of sexual functioning: erectile function (53.5%), orgasmic function (40.3%), sexual desire (53%), intercourse satisfaction (82%) and overall satisfaction (57.4%). Oral sildenafil treatment appeared to be well tolerated and no single patient stopped the treatment. Improvements in various CAPS subscales were also obtained; however, there was no significant correlation between improvement in sexual functioning and the changes in CAPS subscale scores. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Sildenafil seems to be an efficacious, safe and well-tolerated treatment of sexual dysfunction in antidepressant-treated male PTSD patients.
Global Warming: Clinton Climate Initiative Heats Up
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Will DEA Findings Wash?A common soap and shampoo ingredient restricted in Europe for its suspected link to cancer is raising new concerns as study results suggest it can thwart brain development in mice.Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill reported in the August 2006 FASEB Journal that diethanolamine (DEA) irreversibly damaged the memory capacity of animals exposed before birth.Author Steven Zeisel believes DEA could induce fetal neural abnormalities in humans, too."It's hard to estimate human exposure, but we believe the mice had exposures about ten times higher," he says, assuming that people bathe and shampoo daily with DEA-containing products, and use DEA-containing sunscreen."There's no reason to believe we wouldn't see similar effects in humans."The authors note, however, that dermal absorption of DEA is less efficient in humans than in rats.Further, most DEA used in personal care products is conjugated with fatty acids, which may not have the same effects as just DEA.Procter & Gamble principal scientist Tim Long calls Zeisel's estimates of human exposure "grossly inaccurate," saying that exposures from consumer product uses are actually thousands of times lower.John Bailey, executive vice president for science at the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, points out that "when you look at the exposure [of ] humans, [you must take] into account the ability of the skin to protect against exposure and the fact that shampoos are rinsed off."DEA and its condensates are used as foaming agents in many personal products.According to the public education group known as the Cancer Prevention Coalition, DEA by itself is not harmful, but it can combine with other ingredients in cosmetics to form N-nitrosodiethanolamine, which the National Toxicology Program (NTP) has deemed reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, levels of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in personal care products have declined substantially since the 1980s.DEA first drew attention a decade ago, when animal studies suggested it might be carcinogenic.Both the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the NTP have considered listing it as a carcinogen, but ultimately decided there was too little evidence of human carcinogenicity.The more cautious European Union opted to limit the concentration of DEA allowed in personal care products sold there to 1%.In his article, Zeisel cited a 2002 NTP report stating that products sold in the United States may contain up to 25% DEA, although Bailey claims U.S. products contain 1% or less.Zeisel and his colleagues exposed fetal mice by painting DEA dissolved in ethanol on a shaven patch of their mothers' skin for 11 days.DEA inhibited cell development and increased cell apoptosis in the hippocampus of -Cynthia Washam Inspirestock CHEMICAL EXPOSURES Lotion notion.New data suggest more study is needed on dermal absorption of DEA by pregnant women.
A STUDY OF THE CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION.
Authors: SAMUEL WOLFE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The patient, aged 65, an employee of the City Gas Department had for many years, when exposed to breathing illuminating gas, in the pursuit of his occupation been subject to attacks during which he lost consciousness, but after a short period of half an hour or an hour recovered and was able to resume his work. About three weeks prior to the time when the present observation was made he had suffered from one of these attacks, of more than usual severity and duration, and immediately thereafter was confined to his room for four or five days, with urgent dyspnœa and severe bronchial symptoms. Later on there was continued cough, and great restlessness, and threatened cardiac failure. After partial recovery he again relapsed with great dyspnœa, and gradually became delirious, and during a portion of the time apathetic and lethargic. The CheyneStokes respiration then appeared accompanied by a pulse of
Why Was Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Randomized?
Authors: Irving E. Salit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 April 1992Why Was Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Randomized?Irving E. Salit, MD, CMIrving E. Salit, MD, CMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-7-604 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors:Palestine and colleagues (1) examined the role of foscarnet in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). They conducted a randomized, controlled trial in which the patients in one study arm initially received no treatment. What was the rational for having such a control group? Cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most common intraocular infection and the most common cause of blindness in patients with AIDS. Both ganciclovir and foscarnet have been shown to be approximately 90% effective in arresting retinitis, at least during the induction phase (2-4). It is also well known that, despite...References1. PalestinePolisDe Smet AMM. A randomized, controlled trial of foscarnet in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:665-73. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FelsensteinD'AmicoHirsch DDM. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with 9-[2-hydroxyl-l-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl] guanine. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:381-2. LinkGoogle Scholar3. WalmsleyChewRead SES. Treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate (foscarnet). J Infect Dis. 1988;157:569-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. FanningReadBenson MSM. Foscarnet therapy of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Synd. 1990; 3:472-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. PalestinePolisde Smet AMM. A randomized, controlled trial of foscarnet in the treatment of cytomegalovirus in patients with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:665-73. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HochsterDieterichBozzette HDS. Toxicity of combined ganciclovir and zidovudine for cytomegalovirus disease associated with AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:111-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byResearch Ethics Committees 1 April 1992Volume 116, Issue 7Page: 604-605KeywordsAIDSBlindnessCytomegalovirus infectionRetinitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Role of Injection Sclerotherapy in the Emergency and Definitive Management of Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: John G. Allison
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage remains a catastrophic event with a high mortality from either exsanguination or hepatic coma precipitated by shock and the stress associated with massive blood transfusion, increased protein load in the gut, and the trauma of various procedures employed in an effort to arrest the bleeding. Survival from such an episode is followed by an increased risk of recurrent hemorrhage and a poorer prognosis than that of a patient with portal hypertension who has not sustained a variceal bleeding episode. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy, especially if performed via the flexible instrument, would seem to be the treatment of choice for the acute variceal hemorrhage. It may prove to have a role in the subsequent management for the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage in certain categories of patients, although its exact place has yet to be defined.