tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Index for Invasively Assessing the Coronary Microcirculation
Authors: William F. Fearon, Leora B. Balsam, H. M. Omar Farouque, Robert C. Robbins, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Paul G. Yock, Alan C. Yeung
Journal: Circulation (2003)

A relatively simple, invasive method for quantitatively assessing the status of the coronary microcirculation independent of the epicardial artery is lacking.By using a coronary pressure wire and modified software, it is possible to calculate the mean transit time of room-temperature saline injected down a coronary artery. The inverse of the hyperemic mean transit time has been shown to correlate with absolute flow. We hypothesize that distal coronary pressure divided by the inverse of the hyperemic mean transit time provides an index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) that will correlate with true microcirculatory resistance (TMR), defined as the distal left anterior descending (LAD) pressure divided by hyperemic flow, measured with an external ultrasonic flow probe. A total of 61 measurements were made in 9 Yorkshire swine at baseline and after disruption of the coronary microcirculation, both with and without an epicardial LAD stenosis. The mean IMR (16.9+/-6.5 U to 25.9+/-14.4 U, P=0.002) and TMR (0.51+/-0.14 to 0.79+/-0.32 mm Hg x mL(-1) x min(-1), P=0.0001), as well as the % change in IMR (147+/-66%) and TMR (159+/-105%, P=NS versus IMR % change), increased significantly and to a similar degree after disruption of the microcirculation. These changes were independent of the status of the epicardial artery. There was a significant correlation between mean IMR and TMR values, as well as between the % change in IMR and % change in TMR.Measuring IMR may provide a simple, quantitative, invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation.
DEATH FROM ACETANILID POISONING.
Authors: A. L. SMEDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —E. H. H., male, aged about 29, height 5 feet 11 in., weight about 190 pounds. <h3>History.</h3> —When I returned to my house at 12:30 p. m., I found that the patient had been waiting for me about thirty minutes. During that time he had vomited twice and had asked for smelling salts, as he felt very ill. I found him very weak and cyanotic, with a slow pulse, and slow and shallow respiration. He stated that he had an intense headache and asked for something to relieve it. From the symptoms and general appearance of the patient I suspected acetanilid poisoning and asked him how many headache powders he had taken. He stated that he had taken three between 9 and 12 o'clock and that his headache became worse after each dose. <h3>Treatment and Result.</h3> —I administered 1/20 gr. strychnin nitrate with 1/60 gr. atropin sulphate and told
DANGERS IN THE USE OF CERTAIN HALOGENATED PHTHALEINS AS FUNCTIONAL TESTS
Authors: W. H. ROSENAU
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In the last few years, certain halogenated phthalein compounds have come into widespread use as test materials for hepatic function and as mediums for cholecystography. For some time I have been using several of these compounds and have noticed, as a result of the intravenous injection of them into patients, reactions that are, potentially at least, dangerous to the individuals so treated. It is somewhat surprising that, in spite of the rather voluminous literature dealing with these substances, so far little attention has been paid to the untoward reactions following their use. The most important of these compounds has been phenoltetrachlorphthalein, but recently tetrabromphenolphthalein and tetra-iodophenolphthalein have become quite prominent in cholecystography. Rowntree, Hurwitz and Bloomfield<sup>1</sup>were the first to make clinical use of phenoltetrachlorphthlein as a liver function test. Because of the many difficulties inherent in the measurement of the amount of dye recovered in the feces, it
Dense Taxonomic EST Sampling and Its Applications for Molecular Systematics of the Coleoptera (Beetles)
Authors: Joseph Hughes, Stuart J. Longhorn, Anna Papadopoulou, Kosmas Theodorides, Alessandra de Riva, Monica Mejia-Chang, Peter G. Foster, Alfried P. Vogler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences can provide a wealth of data for phylogenetic and genomic studies, but the utility of these resources is restricted by poor taxonomic sampling. Here, we use small EST libraries (<1,000 clones) to generate phylogenetic markers across a broad sample of insects, focusing on the species-rich Coleoptera (beetles). We sequenced over 23,000 ESTs from 34 taxa, which produced 8,728 unique sequences after clustering nonredundant sequences. Between taxa, the sequences could be grouped into 731 gene clusters, with the largest corresponding to mitochondrial DNA transcripts and gene families chymotrypsin, actin, troponin, and tubulin. While levels of paralogy were high in most gene clusters, several midsized clusters including many ribosomal protein (RP) genes appeared to be free of expressed paralogs. To evaluate the utility of EST data for molecular systematics, we curated available transcripts for 66 RP genes from representatives of the major groups of Coleoptera. Using supertree and supermatrix approaches for phylogenetic analysis, the results were consistent with the emerging phylogenetic conclusions about basal relationships in Coleoptera. Numerous small EST libraries from a taxonomically densely sampled lineage can provide a core set of genes that together act as a scaffold in phylogenetic reconstruction, comparative genomics, and studies of gene evolution.
A Prospective Study of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Sexually Active Young Women
Authors: Thomas M. Hooton, Delia Scholes, Ann E. Stapleton, Pacita L. Roberts, Carol Winter, Kalpana Gupta, Mansour Samadpour, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in young women, but little is known about its pathogenesis, natural history, risk factors, and temporal association with symptomatic urinary tract infection.
A Call to Action: Women and Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Alan T. Hirsch, Matthew A. Allison, Antoinette S. Gomes, Matthew A. Corriere, Sue Duval, Abby G. Ershow, William R. Hiatt, Richard H. Karas, Marge B. Lovell, Mary M. McDermott, Donna M. Mendes, Nancy A. Nussmeier, Diane Treat-Jacobson
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Treatment of Peptic Ulcers Caused by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: David Y. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Research on the pathogenesis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease is yielding surprising discoveries that will change the medical approach to ulcer therapy. Among the most surprising is the fact that peptic ulcer disease is often a curable infectious disorder.We now recognize three major causes of peptic ulcer disease: Helicobacter pylori infection, the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and pathologic hypersecretory states such as the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome1. Although the mechanisms of ulcer formation by H. pylori remain obscure, the results of the trial reported by Hentschel et al. in this issue of the Journal2 and also those . . .
Adenyl Cyclase and Cyclic AMP
Authors: STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, GERALD S. LEVEY, C. LYNN SKELTON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The actions of many hormones may be related to their capacity to increase adenyl cyclase activity in their target organs. The evidence indicating that catecholamines and glucagon augment myocardial contractility by enhancing the activity of myocardial adenyl cyclase is summarized. Furthermore, data are presented suggesting that the inotropic actions of epinephrine and glucagon ultimately may be due to an increase in sarcotubular calcium stores, an effect that appears to be related to activation of an adenyl cyclase pool localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Other hormones that may alter contractility through actions on the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system are thyroid hormone, histamine, prostaglandin, and acetylcholine. Chronic cardiac decompensation in both the experimental animal and in man diminishes the effectiveness of glucagon as an inotropic agent and interferes with the mechanisms by which glucagon acts to enhance the activity of myocardial adenyl cyclase, changes that may be causally interrelated. Although an understanding of the adenyl cyclase system would seem to be extremely important for an understanding of the basic mechanisms responsible for modulating the intensity of the contractile state of the heart, further investigations are necessary for complete validation of this hypothesis.
Carnitine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: S KRAHENBUHL
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Carnitine metabolism was studied in 79 patients with chronic liver disease, including 22 patients with noncirrhotic liver disease and 57 patients with different types of cirrhosis (22 patients with hepatitis B- or C-associated cirrhosis, 15 patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis, 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [PBC], and 5 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis), and compared with 28 control subjects. In comparison with control subjects, patients with noncirrhotic liver disease showed no change in the plasma carnitine pool, whereas patients with cirrhosis had a 29% increase in the long-chain acylcarnitine concentration. Analysis of subgroups of patients with cirrhosis showed that patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis had an increase in the total plasma carnitine concentration (67.8 +/- 29.5 vs. 55.2 +/- 9.9 micromol/L in control subjects), resulting from increases in both the short-chain and long-chain acylcarnitine concentration. In this group of patients, the acylcarnitine concentrations showed a close correlation with the total carnitine concentration, and the total carnitine concentration with the serum bilirubin concentration. Urinary excretion of carnitine was not different between patients with noncirrhotic or cirrhotic liver disease and control patients. However, patients with PBC showed an increased urinary excretion of total carnitine (52.5 +/- 40.0 vs. 28.0 +/- 16.7 micromol carnitine/mmol creatinine), resulting from an increase in the fractional excretion of both free carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitine. The current studies show that patients with cirrhosis are normally not carnitine deficient. Patients with alcohol-induced cirrhosis have increased plasma carnitine concentrations, which may result from increased carnitine biosynthesis because of increased skeletal muscle protein turnover. The increase in the fractional carnitine excretion in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may result from competition of bile acids and/or bilirubin with tubular carnitine reabsorption and/or from a reduced activity of the carnitine transporter located in the proximal tubule. (Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):148-53)
Stimulation of mast cell chemotaxis by interleukin 3.
Authors: N Matsuura, B R Zetter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

PWM-activated spleen cell-conditioned medium (SCCM) and a variety of purified hematopoietic growth factors were tested for their ability to stimulate chemotaxis of mouse connective tissue mast cells (CTMC). Of the agents tested, only IL-3 and SCCM promoted mast cell chemotaxis. Neither IL-2, IL-4, GM-CSF, nor endotoxin had any significant mast cell chemotactic activity. Neutralizing antibodies to mouse IL-3 blocked greater than 90% of the chemotactic activity of SCCM, suggesting that IL-3 is the predominant mast cell chemotactic factor produced by activated spleen cells. Our results demonstrate that mature connective tissue type mast cells are capable of moving toward a gradient of spleen cell-derived IL-3 and suggest that movement of mature mast cells toward lymphokines may influence the accumulation of mast cells at sites of inflammatory or immune reactions.
Points: Home visiting by consultants
Authors: R N Baldwin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

April, p 1187) have questioned the neces- sity and desirability of routine pre-employment chest radiographs for National Health Service employees.Another topic in need of debate is the value of regular radiological screening during employment.When annual screening was in widespread use in several countries only 12-15% of notified cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were detected by this means.Most cases were diagnosed as a result of patients presenting with symptoms.The reason given was that many people progress from having inapparent infections to active disease in a short time.Even when radiographs were obtained every four months (an unacceptably short interval with respect to radiation exposure) 21% of detected cases had extensive disease.In one recent
364. Prevention of Radiation Pneumonitis by Recombinant Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Soluble TGF-βtype II Receptor Gene
Authors: Koichi Takayama, Haiping Zhang, Junji Uchino, Akiko Harada, Taishi Harada, Yoichi Nakanishi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Radiotherapy is an important conventional therapeutic modality in the treatment of the malignant thoracic diseases, such as lung cancer. However, the radiation-induced injury to the normal lung tissue, including radiation pneumonitis and lung fibrosis, is sometimes severe and even lethal, and thus, becomes the main dose limiting factor. TGF-|[beta]| and its receptor are known to play a pivotal role for the radiation induced lung damage. In this study, we confirmed that following thoracic irradiation with a single dose of 9 Gy, radiation-induced TGF-|[beta]|1 concentration elevated in serum with biphasic pattern. Therefore, we constructed a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus carrying the soluble TGF-|[beta]| type II receptor cDNA (AdsTGF|[beta]|Rc), which can infect the cells and produce the soluble form of TGF-|[beta]| type II receptor. This soluble receptor can bind TGF-|[beta]| in a dominant-negative form, and consequently block the TGF-|[beta]| function. In vivo experiment, i.p. injection of the AdsTGF|[beta]|Rc in mice before irradiation could suppress the TGF-|[beta]|1 serum elevation and reduced the pneumonitis histologically.
Expression of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules by human gastric epithelial cells: potential role in CD4+ T cell activation during Helicobacter pylori infection.
Authors: G Ye, C Barrera, X Fan, W K Gourley, S E Crowe, P B Ernst, V E Reyes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Human gastric mucosal epithelial cells display class II MHC, the expression of which is increased during Helicobacter pylori infection. These observations suggest that the gastric epithelium may participate as antigen-presenting cells (APC) during local immune responses. The increase in class II MHC expression occurs in parallel with an elevation in gastric CD4+ T cell numbers within and adjacent to the epithelium. Since the expression of either B7-1 (CD80) or B7-2 (CD86) on APC is required for the activation of T cells, it was important to establish human gastric epithelial cells expressed those surface ligands. The expression of B7-1 and B7-2 was detected on human gastric epithelial cell lines and freshly isolated epithelial cells from gastric biopsies with specific antibodies. B7-2 expression was higher than B7-1 at both protein and transcript levels and was increased after crosslinking class II MHC molecules on IFNgamma-treated epithelial cells and in cells pretreated with the combination of IFNgamma and H. pylori. Similarly, B7-2 expression was higher on gastric epithelial cells from H. pylori-infected tissues compared with those from uninfected specimens. To determine the function of these molecules on gastric epithelial cells, antibodies to B7-1 and B7-2 were shown to reduce the ability of the cells to stimulate alloreactive CD4+ T cells. These observations are the first to demonstrate that B7-1 and B7-2 are expressed on mucosal epithelial cells in situ. Thus, the expression of B7-1 and B7-2 by epithelial cells may allow them to act as APC in regulating local responses such as those that occur during infection with H. pylori.
Proteomic Profiling Identifies Pathways Dysregulated in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and an Inverse Association of AMPK and Adhesion Pathways with Recurrence
Authors: Meera Nanjundan, Lauren Averett Byers, Mark S. Carey, Doris R. Siwak, Maria Gabriela Raso, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Kevin R. Coombes, Jack A. Roth, Gordon B. Mills, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John D. Minna, John V. Heymach
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Malpractice, Patient Satisfaction, and Physician-Patient Communication-Reply
Authors: Wendy Levinson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Many multispecialty groups such as the Fallon Clinic and large health maintenance organizations throughout the country are conducting programs to improve physicians' communication skills and, in turn, enhance patient satisfaction. These organizations recognize that the competitive health care marketplace demands attention to high-quality care, cost consciousness, and patient satisfaction. How can organizations provide effective communication skills training for a large number of physicians? From my experience as a consultant to a variety of large health care organizations, I believe there are several factors that lead to more successful programs. First, the organization must recognize that it requires a commitment of resources, particularly in physician time, to implement communication skills training. Effective communication training programs probably require at least 8 hours of education, preferably with follow-up sessions to allow physicians to practice new skills. Ongoing education over time is helpful to reinforce new learning. Rigorous evaluation is needed to
Penile verrucous carcinoma in a 37-year-old circumcised man
Authors: Andrew B. Kanik, Jessie Lee, Fred Wax, Jag Bhawan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is almost exclusively a lesion of uncircumcised older men. It represents about 1% of cancers in men in the United States and 11% to 12% of all cancers in men in countries where circumcision is not routinely practiced. <sup>1</sup> Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon variant that accounts for only 5% to 16% of all penile squamous cell carcinomas. <sup>2,3</sup> We describe penile verrucous carcinoma in a 37-year-old white man who had been circumcised in infancy. To our knowledge this is the first case report of verrucous carcinoma in a circumcised man without any predisposing penile anatomic abnormalities. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:329-31.)
Development of Questionnaire to Examine Relationship of Physical Activity and Diabetes in Pima Indians
Authors: Andrea M Kriska, William C Knowler, Ronald E LaPorte, Allan L Drash, Rena R Wing, Steven N Blair, Peter H Bennett, Lewis H Kuller
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

There was a need to design a questionnaire that could accurately assess the activity patterns of Native Americans to evaluate the relationship between physical activity and diabetes. Such a questionnaire was developed and implemented into the data collection scheme of the prospective Pima Indian Study of Arizona. The questionnaire, which assesses historical, past-year, and past-week leisure and occupational activity, was examined in 29 Pima individuals aged 21–36 yr and was shown to be reliable with test-retest correlations (rank-order correlations ranged from 0.62 to 0.96 for leisure and occupational activity). Reproducibility of the past-year leisure physical-activity estimate was determined in 69 participants aged 10-59 yr and was found to be reliable in all age-groups with the exception of the 10- to 14-yr-old age-group (rank-order correlations were 0.31 in the 10- to 14-yr-old age-group compared to 0.88 to 0.92 in those &amp;gt;20 yr of age). Validity of the current-activity section of the questionnaire was demonstrated indirectly through comparisons with activity monitors. The past-week leisure-activity estimate was related to the Caltrac activity monitor counts per hour (p = 0.62, P &amp;gt; 0.05, n = 17). In summary, a physical-activity questionnaire has been developed that is both reliable and feasible to use in the Pima Indian population to evaluate the relationship of physical activity to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema with Danazol
Authors: Jeffrey A. Gelfand, Richard J. Sherins, David W. Alling, Michael M. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Danazol, an androgen derivative, was evaluated for its effectiveness in preventing attacks of hereditary angioedema in a double-blind study with nine patients. Of 47 placebo courses, 44 ended with attacks, but during 46 danazol courses only one attack occurred. Side effects were minimal, and virilization was not observed in the women studied. C1 esterase inhibitor levels increased three to four times, and levels of the fourth component of complement (C4) increased 15 times. These changes began during the first day of therapy and were maximal by one to two weeks. After therapy was stopped, C1 esterase inhibitor and C4 levels rapidly decreased. Danazol effectively prevents attacks in hereditary angioedema and acts to correct the underlying biochemical abnormality.
Expression of a novel T cell activation antigen on intrahepatic CD8+ T lymphocytes in viral chronic active hepatitis
Authors: C. García-Monzón, R. Moreno-Otero, J.M. Pajares, A. García-Sánchez, M. López-Botet, M.O. de Landázuri, F. Sánehez-Madrid
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
THE REACTION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD VESSELS TO ANGIOTONIN, RENIN, AND OTHER PRESSOR AGENTS
Authors: Richard G. Abell, Irvine H. Page
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. Both renin and angiotonin in small doses cause constriction of the arterioles in the ears of normal rabbits, as seen directly with the microscope. Capillaries appear unaffected while venules exhibit slight or no constriction with small doses and moderate constriction with large doses. The flow of blood through the tissues is not reduced except when very large doses are administered. Tyramine and methylguanidine sulfate in isopressor amounts act somewhat similarly. 2. Isopressor amounts of epinephrine and pitressin, by contrast, elicit severe vasoconstriction of arterioles lasting longer than that due to angiotonin, and flow of blood is sharply reduced or abolished altogether. The degree of venular constriction was also greater, while the capillaries remained unaffected. 3. The vasoconstrictor action of angiotonin on peripheral vessels in moat chambers in normal rabbit's ears is indistinguishable from that of renin, except that it is more rapid.