tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital-Onset Seizures
Authors: Madeline C. Fields, Daniel L. Labovitz, Jacqueline A. French
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

<h3>Objectives</h3>To describe demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with hospital-onset seizure (HOS) and to explore current practices in their management.<h3>Design</h3>Retrospective medical record review.<h3>Setting</h3>Academic, tertiary care, private (New York University Langone Medical Center) and municipal (Bellevue Hospital Center) medical centers.<h3>Patients</h3>Patients aged at least 18 years with HOS from January 1 through December 31, 2007. Patients admitted for evaluation of seizures or epilepsy were excluded.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Hospital-onset seizure patterns, medication use, and outcomes.<h3>Results</h3>We identified 218 patients with HOS; 139 (64%) had no history of seizure. Hospital-onset seizures were recurrent in 134 patients (61%) during the inpatient stay and were more likely to recur in those with new-onset seizure vs those with a history of seizure (43% vs 32%, P = .09). The most commonly described HOS in patients with a history of seizure and patients with new-onset seizure was a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (72 [33%]). Metabolic derangements were the most common identifiable cause of HOS (43 of 218 [20%]) and new-onset seizures (35 of 139 [25%]) and were more likely to recur. Phenytoin was the most common antiepileptic drug prescribed de novo (61%). Death during hospitalization or discharge to hospice was more common in patients with new-onset seizures compared with those with a history of seizure (19% vs 5%, P = .004). Among surviving patients discharged with a prescription of antiepileptic drugs, phenytoin and levetiracetam were prescribed most often.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Hospital-onset seizures commonly occur as new-onset seizures, are typically recurrent, and are associated with a high mortality. Older antiepileptic drugs are often prescribed at seizure presentation and at discharge.
Antibiotic Activity in Surgical Incisions-Reply
Authors: Hiram C. Polk
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  The work with topical antimicrobial agents by Lord and co-workers 1 has been presented before prestigious societies, and both Dr Harlan Stone and I have complimented their observations, viewing topical antimicrobial treatment of the surgical wound as a reasonable alternative to systemic agents. Dr Lord's personal series remains a testimonial, but one that is corroborated by a vast number of similar reports of variable quality. Excellent surgeons often fail to appreciate the impact on operative wound infection rates of their own very special technical expertise, a factor that demands randomization to permit assessment of the putative beneficial factor. Whether any of the presently established methods of prophylaxis—perioperative systemic antibiotics, 2 topical wound antibiotics before closure, 3 and oral antimicrobial bowel prep for colorectal operations 4 —are complimentary to one another remains to be determined; it surely will be a difficult task to define additional benefit, since each of
Abstract 1166: <i>PTEN</i> loss and <i>ERG</i> over-expression as prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer and identification of downstream biomarkers with potential therapeutic value
Authors: Julia L. Williams, Maisa Yoshimoto, Paulo Nuin, Peter A. Greer, Jeremy A. Squire
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Genomic deletion of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene and formation of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion are the two most recurrent genomic aberrations in prostate cancer. The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN negatively regulates the PI3Kinase-AKT signaling pathway, which controls numerous downstream targets such as cell cycle checkpoints, DNA damage repair with maintenance of chromosomal stability and integrity. ERG is a member of the ETS transcription factor family, whose members are implicated in numerous cellular processes including membrane remodelling, angiogenesis, differentiation, proliferation, and tumourigenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that formation of the fusion gene may promote prostatic tumourigenesis, progression, and invasive disease by elevating motility and invasiveness. The simultaneous manifestation of both PTEN loss and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is associated with poor prognosis. This study is addressing pathways downstream of PTEN and effectors of ERG over-expression to identify additional biomarkers of prognostic and therapeutic potential. In silico genomic copy number analyses demonstrated that patient samples harboring a genomic deletion of PTEN have a greater number of genomic aberrations, in keeping with the model that loss of PTEN leads to heightened genomic instability. Mining of publically available gene expression datasets have been performed to further examine signalling pathway aberrations specific to each rearrangement. PTEN loss and ERG over-expression are being modeled in the histologically normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE-1 using shRNA knockdown or transgene directed ectopic over-expression, respectively. Biochemical, proliferation, migration and invasion assays will be performed to determine if knockdown of PTEN leads to the expected AKT activation and increased proliferation; whereas over-expression of ERG in RWPE-1 cells correlates with heightened motility and invasive potential. Gene expression microarray profiling will also be carried out for each derivative RWPE-1 cell line using the Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Exon microarrays. This cell model system will be used to validate transcriptional changes associated with PTEN loss and ERG over-expression in prostate cancer gene expression datasets and identify potential novel downstream therapeutic targets and predictive biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1166. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1166
697. Intratumoral Injection of Cytokine-Secreting Syngeneic/Allogeneic Fibroblasts Transfected with Tumor DNA Prolongs the Survival of Mice with an Intracerebral Tumor
Authors: Terry Lichtor, Roberta P. Glick, InSug O-Sullivan, Edward P. Cohen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Prior studies have revealed the immunotherapeutic properties of a vaccine prepared by transfer of genomic DNA from breast cancer cells into a highly immunogenic cell line. The rationale for this type of vaccine is that genes specifying an array of weakly immunogenic, unique tumor antigens associated with the malignant cells will be expressed in a highly immunogenic form by the transfected cells. Here, the immunotherapeutic properties of a vaccine prepared by transfection of mouse fibroblasts with DNA from a breast carcinoma (SB-5b) that arose spontaneously in a C3H/He mouse (H-2Kb) were tested in mice with intracerebral breast cancer. To augment their non-specific immunogenic properties, before DNA-transfer, the fibroblasts (of C3H/He mouse origin) were modified to express allogeneic MHC class I H-2Kb-determinants and to secrete IL-2, IL-18 or GM-CSF. The results indicate that C3H/He mice injected intracerebrally with the breast cancer cells and syngeneic/allogeneic transfected fibroblasts modified to secrete IL-2 survived significantly longer (P<0.005) than mice in various control groups, including mice injected intracerebrally with the breast cancer cells alone.

The immunotherapeutic properties of transfected fibroblasts modified to secrete IL-18 or GM-CSF were less efficacious. The results of two independent in vitro cytotoxicity assays indicate that systemic cellular anti-tumor immunity was generated in mice injected intracerebrally with the transfected cells and the immunity was mediated predominantly by CD8+ T cells. This data suggests that syngeneic/allogeneic fibroblasts genetically engineered to secrete certain cytokines and to express tumor antigens are effective in stimulating an anti-tumor immune response and prolonging survival in mice with an intracerebral tumor upon injection of these cells directly into the tumor.
The man with the empty belt loop
Authors: Joseph Gascho
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Ad Libitum20 March 2012The man with the empty belt loopJoseph Gascho, MDJoseph Gascho, MDFrom Hummelstown, PA 17036.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-6-201203200-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail You don't knowthat you missedthe back middle loopthis morningor maybe you dobut just don't carelike you didwhen you walked around the frontof the ′62 Oldsafter you'd closed the doorfor the onewho would end upbuying your 38 × 32 jeansand cowboy beltswhile you laid bricks,the oneyou visit every day,the one whothinks you're her fatherwhen she thinks at all.Joseph Gascho, MDHummelstown, PA 17036 Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hummelstown, PA 17036.Current Author Address: Joseph Gascho, MD, 563 Farmhouse Lane, Hummelstown, PA 17036; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 March 2012Volume 156, Issue 6Page: 472 ePublished: 20 March 2012 Issue Published: 20 March 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Renal function after prolonged consumption of aspirin.
Authors: H C Burry, P A Dieppe
Journal: BMJ (1982)

of staff were able to complete their deliveries and did not subsequently take time off work.No compound fractures were sustained by these persons, although, as suggested by Dr Snook, radiological investigation should be considered following deep limb bites.For those injured, the lower limb was bitten in 70%0 of attacks, the upper limb in 27%, and the trunk in 3%h of attacks.To reduce the number of bitten postal staff, it should be noted that 16 of the 53 upper limb injuries occurred when mail was placed through front- door letter boxes into the expectant jaws beyond.Apparently the tempting sight of intruding digits cannot be resisted.The attacks were otherwise unprovoked.Avoidance may be a learned response: 76% of the staff attacked during these three years were bitten only once.The expression "once bitten, twice shy," therefore has numerical support.
International health is a misnomer
Authors: Mary E Black
Journal: BMJ (2013)

What does “international health” actually mean? If you are in, say, Uganda, the health system you work in and the population you serve is definitely local, unless you happen to be working as an adviser or a clinician from the United Kingdom. In that case, your work is packaged as “international health.” The other difference will be in your salary; despite talk of south-south collaboration and pay parity in the development industry, international health salaries remain many times higher than local salaries.

What may not differ are your skills, expertise, and training. I continue to be amazed at how many …
Influence of Age on Clinical Response to HPV-77 Duck Rubella Vaccine
Authors: Robert E. Weibel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The involvement of the joints that may follow immunization with live rubella virus vaccines is strongly age-related. The present policy of extending vaccination to postpubescent girls and adult women requires precise definition of the reactions likely to be encountered by physicians in routine use of the vaccine. Six hundred fifty-three females, eight months to 41 years of age, who were initially without rubella antibody were given duck cell attenuated HPV-77 rubella virus vaccine. Reactions in the joints (arthritis or arthralgia or both) were not seen in children under 12 years of age, were seen infrequently in the 12- to 25-year-old age group (7.5%), and were encountered with high frequency (58.3%) in women who were 26 to 41 years old. Reactions were transient, self-limited, of short duration, and mild in all but a few older women.
Long-term effects of inhaled budesonide on screening-detected lung nodules
Authors: G. Veronesi, M. Lazzeroni, E. Szabo, P.H. Brown, A. DeCensi, A. Guerrieri-Gonzaga, M. Bellomi, D. Radice, M.C. Grimaldi, L. Spaggiari, B. Bonanni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2015)
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE COMPARATIVE MYDRIATIC EFFECT OF ATROPIA AND HOMATROPIA.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-second Annmal Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: HORACE M. STARKEY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Among the notable "anomalies of refraction" in the few years just past is the great divergence of opinion among ophthalmologists as to the comparative reliability of atropia and homatropia as mydriatics. It has been surprising to read the varying statements of different well-qualified observers as to the effect produced by the former of these agents; and particularly surprising is it to those who use homatropia with satisfaction to themselves and to their patients to find this drug pronounced absolutely unreliable. It is unnecessary to mention particular articles on the subject. We all recall many such. We also, many of us, recall the discussions that have occurred in this Section for several years past, and particularly at the meeting last year, when the discussions constantly returned to two topics, upon each of which the greatest diversity of opinion existed — namely, the advisability of correcting low degrees of astigmatism and the
Distinguishing between partial seizures and panic attacks
Authors: M. C Dale
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Using patient identifiable data without consent Obtaining individual consent may hinder studiesEditor-The editorial by Al-Shahi and Warlow is timely and well argued. 1 The implications of a strict requirement for written consent from patients in observational and epidemiological research are extremely serious.Research in histopathology would be particularly severely affected.It is essential that patients' consent is obtained in interventional studies or where information, or, in the case of pathology, tissue, is collected solely for the purpose of research.However, applying this requirement for every study of archived biopsy, surgical or necropsy tissue blocks, or review of patient records, where diagnosis has been made and where patient management will not be affected, is impracticable.Studies of archival material have been the core of research in histopathology.A glance at the methods section of the papers of any pathology journal reveals that most have used archival tissue with no indication that specific patient consent has been obtained.For recent issues of the Journal of Pathology, Histopathology, and the Journal of Clinical Pathology the proportions of archi-val, non-consented research were 9/16, 9/9, and 11/13 papers, respectively.Until now, this form of research has been simple and cheap to undertake, and has provided valuable information on the causes and pathology of many human diseases.It is unlikely that any of the large studies of gastric biopsies, cancers, etc would have been conducted had every patient or their relatives had to be contacted to obtain consent.We would be left with only anecdotal information on which to base prognosis and treatment for many common cancers and we would know much less about many common diseases.Despite considerable problems in obtaining funding for research in histopathology, authors in the United Kingdom continue to produce papers of high quality, but it is doubtful that this will continue if individual consent for each study becomes a legal requirement.Either a general consent for use of residual tissues for research should be allowed or alternatively the NHS needs to fund the staff necessary to obtain the consent from central or regional research and development budgets, which could be accessed by researchers wishing to undertake archival studies.This would, however, be both cumbersome and costly.If observational research in pathology or other subjects and epidemiological studies are to be outlawed, the public interest will be damaged and patients in the future will be the losers.
Respiratory-related Evoked Potentials in Children with Life-threatening Asthma
Authors: PAUL W. DAVENPORT, MAURICE CRUZ, ARLENE A. STECENKO, YEMISERACH KIFLE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs) have been elicited by inspiratory occlusion and recorded over the somatosensory cortex. The first positive peak (P(1)) amplitude has been correlated with the magnitude of inspiratory loads. Since children with life-threatening asthma (LTA) have a decreased perceptual sensitivity of inspiratory loads, we hypothesized that a subpopulation of patients with LTA have an impaired ability to sense mechanical loads, and that these patients would have an abnormal RREP. The RREP was recorded from C(Z) -C(3) and C(Z) -C(4) in three groups: LTA asthmatic, control asthmatic, and nonasthmatic children. Two inspiratory-interruption occlusions trials and a control trial were recorded. All the evoked potentials were analyzed after the averaged control trial was subtracted from the averaged occlusion trials. The RREP P(1) peak was observed in all 14 nonasthmatic children and in 14 of 15 control asthmatic children. The RREP was absent in 6 of 11 patients with LTA. When present, there were no between-group significant differences in P(1) peak latency or amplitude. These results demonstrate that the RREP elicited by inspiratory occlusion is present bilaterally in nonasthmatic and asthmatic children. There is a subpopulation of LTA children in which inspiratory occlusion fails to elicit the P(1) peak of the RREP, suggesting an altered neural processing of inspiratory load information.
Uric Acid
Authors: Edward D. Frohlich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Uric acid metabolism is an important concern in many clinical disciplines. Just as "all that wheezes is not asthma," all hyperuricemia is not gout. Clearly, altered urate metabolism is intimately associated with gout. But abnormal serum uric acid concentrations are encountered regularly in such varied pathophysiological problems as hypertension, coronary artery disease, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, polycythemia, and toxemia of pregnancy. How can this alteration be related to such a disparate collection of diseases, none of which is gout? Of course, several of these problems are otherwise linked: coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. But this linkage still does not explain the fundamental cause of the altered uric acid levels. Uric acid is a circulating end product of purine metabolism whose concentration may be elevated in gout where uric acid may be deposited in the synovial joint to result in arthritis or in other tissues (eg, kidney) to
Persistent splenomegaly during imatinib therapy and the definition of complete hematological response in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Zdenek Racil, Hana Klamova, Jaroslava Voglova, Edgar Faber, Filip Razga, Daniela Zackova, Lucie Buresova, Petr Cetkovsky, Jiri Mayer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Lipoprotein Abnormalities Associated With a Viral Syndrome
Authors: Michael L. Friedland
Journal: JAMA (1982)

HERITABLE disorders causing profound high-density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency include Tangier disease<sup>1</sup>and familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) dificiency.<sup>2</sup>Acquired HDL deficiency of comparable severity is usually associated with obstructive or parenchymal liver disease.<sup>3</sup>We describe a patient with fever, transient leukopenia, and evidence of mild hepatic dysfunction who nevertheless exhibited a striking reduction of serum HDL. An LCAT deficiency in association with a viral syndrome appeared to be the most likely origin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 25-year-old woman was in good health until one week before presentation, when she experienced a flulike illness. Three days before admission she noted a severe sore throat and gingival ulcers, fever, weakness, and cervical lymphadenopathy. No other significant history was available except for possible exposure to acrylic paints and amphetaminelike compounds. Physical examination demonstrated aphthous ulcers on her gingivae, pharyngitis with a right tonsillary exudate, and bilateral large, tender, anterior cervical
Definition of Estrogen Receptor Pathway Critical for Estrogen Positive Feedback to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons and Fertility
Authors: Tim M. Wintermantel, Rebecca E. Campbell, Robert Porteous, Dagmar Bock, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Martin G. Todman, Kenneth S. Korach, Erich Greiner, Cristian A. Pérez, Günther Schütz, Allan E. Herbison
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, but not mitogen-activated protein kinase, pathway is involved in hepatocyte growth factor-mediated protection against bile acid-induced apoptosis in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: C Webster
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

We have previously shown that cAMP protects against hydrophobic bile acid-induced apoptosis in cultured rat hepatocytes through pathways dependent on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinase. Hepatocyte growth factor protects epithelial cells against apoptosis and activates both of these kinases in hepatocytes. We studied the effect of hepatocyte growth factor on glycochenodeoxycholate-induced apoptosis to determine whether hepatocyte growth factor protects hepatocytes against bile acid-induced apoptosis and whether the protective effect is mediated via phosphoinositide 3-kinase and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Two-hour exposure of cultured rat hepatocytes to glycochenodeoxycholate resulted in apoptosis in 12.5 ± 0.49% of the cells. Pretreatment with hepatocyte growth factor (50 ng/mL) decreased apoptosis by 50% to 70%. Hepatocyte growth factor cytoprotection was prevented by pretreatment with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin (50 nmol/L) or Ly 294002 (40 μmol/L). Hepatocyte growth factor activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase dependent protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, U0126 (40 μmol/L) or an inhibitor of pp70s6 kinase, rapamycin (100 nmol/L), had no effect on the growth factor's anti-apopotic effect. Treatment with hepatocyte growth factor resulted in mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent phosphorylation of BAD on serine112. In summary, hepatocyte growth factor protection against bile acid-induced apoptosis occurs via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway and is not dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, phosphorylation of BAD on serine112, or activation of p70S6 kinase.
LUNG ABSCESS FOLLOWING TONSILLECTOMY
Authors: F. T. Ranson, L. Mcgolrick
Journal: BMJ (1933)

r THEDBRITCSO Dressings and a bandage around the plaster complete the operation.Antitetanic and anti-gas-gangrene serum are given as a routine.In this manner there is attained an almost perfect apposition of fragments by a relatively simple means and without the inclusion of any foreign material.A success- ful result depends on the following details:1.An adequate, but not too generous, excision of the