tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography to Evaluate Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Ralph Metson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Dr Newman and associates<sup>1</sup>demonstrated a strong correlation between extensive sinus disease on CT scan and peripheral eosinophilia. This relationship was highly significant even in patients without a history of wheezing or specific IgE antibodies. They suggested that sinus inflammation, rather than asthma or allergy, is the stimulus for the eosinophilia. We have observed an interesting relationship between peripheral eosinophilia and chronic sinusitis in patients with nasal polyps. The Figure demonstrates monthly eosinophil counts in a 47-year-old man with nasal polyposis and asthma. These counts dropped dramatically when the polyp load was reduced by either surgical polypectomy or a methylprednisolone bolus of 20 mg per day for 2 weeks with a 2-week taper. A rebound in eosinophil counts was observed following both surgical and medical therapies, corresponding to a recurrence of the polyps on clinical examination. Newman et al did not report
Vascular adhesion protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-Selectin mediate leukocyte binding to ischemic heart in humans
Authors: Kimmo Jaakkola, Sirpa Jalkanen, Katja Kaunismäki, Esko Vänttinen, Pekka Saukko, Kalle Alanen, Markku Kallajoki, Liisa-Maria Voipio-Pulkki, Marko Salmi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Effects of thrombolytic therapy administered 6 to 24 hours after myocardial infarction on the signal-averaged ECG. Results of a multicenter randomized trial. LATE Ancillary Study Investigators. Late Assessment of Thrombolytic Efficacy.
Authors: J S Steinberg, J S Hochman, C D Morgan, P Dorian, C D Naylor, P Theroux, E J Topol, P W Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Thrombolytic therapy reduces mortality after acute myocardial infarction, even when treatment is initiated relatively late after onset of symptoms. The mechanism underlying this survival benefit is incompletely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospectively designed ancillary study of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of late thrombolytic therapy (LATE), the signal-averaged (SA) ECG was recorded before hospital discharge in an effort to assess the effect of thrombolytic therapy on arrhythmia substrate. Three hundred ten patients were enrolled at 23 participating sites; 160 patients received placebo, and 150 patients received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) therapy 6 to 24 hours after onset of symptoms. Compared with placebo, rTPA tended to reduce the frequency of SAECG abnormality (filtered QRS duration &gt; 120 milliseconds) by 37% (95% CI, -64%, +6%; P = .087) and the filtered QRS duration (105.7 +/- 13.8 versus 108.8 +/- 14.6 milliseconds, P = .05). In the prespecified subgroup of 185 patients with ST elevation on the qualifying ECG, rTPA resulted in a 52% reduction (95% CI, 4% to 77%, P = .011) of SAECG abnormality and a shorter filtered QRS duration (105.7 +/- 10.9 versus 110.7 +/- 15.9 milliseconds, P = .01). No benefit was seen in patients without ST elevation on ECG. CONCLUSIONS Late thrombolytic therapy produced a more stable electrical substrate, which probably represents an important mechanism of mortality benefit.
Expression of Tumor-Associated Differentiation Antigens, MUC1 Glycoforms and CEA, in Human Thymic Epithelial Cells: Implications for Self-Tolerance and Tumor Therapy
Authors: Silvie Cloosen, Janna Arnold, Marco Thio, Gerard M.J. Bos, Bruno Kyewski, Wilfred T.V. Germeraad
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Expression of tissue-restricted self-antigens in the thymus, termed promiscuous gene expression, imposes T cell tolerance and protects from autoimmune diseases. This antigen pool also includes various types of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) previously thought to be secluded from the immune system. The scope of promiscuous gene expression has been defined by mRNA analysis at the global level of isolated medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). Information at the protein level on the frequency of mTECs expressing a given antigen, on coexpression patterns, and post-translational modifications is largely missing. We report here promiscuous expression at the protein level of two TAA, MUC1 and CEA, in situ and in purified human mTECs. Both antigens are expressed in 1% to 3% of mTECs, either individually or coexpressed in the same cell. Using a panel of anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies recognizing different post-translational modifications, i.e., glycoforms of MUC1, we show that only fully glycosylated forms of MUC1 and the differentiation-dependent glycoforms were detected on mTECs, but not the cancer-associated glycoforms. Our findings imply that MUC1 and CEA are amenable to central tolerance induction, which might, however, be incomplete in case of tumor cell-restricted MUC1 glycoforms. Knowledge of these subtleties in promiscuous gene expression may, in the future, assist the selection of T cell tumor vaccines for clinical trials.
Forensic science in the dock
Authors: Olaf Drummer, A Robert W Forrest, Bruce Goldberger, Steven B Karch
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Postmortem measurements of drug concentration in blood have little meaning 

I nvestigations into the circumstances surrounding the death of David Kelly have led to the exchange of acrimonious views including allegations of conspiracy and murder. David Kelly, a government scientist and weapons expert, committed suicide by cutting his wrist and taking painkillers after he was identified in newspapers as the man the UK government believed was the source for a BBC report on Iraq. Impetus for the debate stems mainly from conflicting views about the cause of death, including issues that relate to postmortem toxicology results and their interpretation. Controversy occurs from the mistaken notion that postmortem laboratory measurements, taken in isolation, can be interpreted effectively.

The current controversy illustrates some universally held, but mistaken, notions about the process of death investigation in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. Many assume that forensic pathology is as evidence based as other branches of medicine. This assumption is …
The atherogen 3-methylcholanthrene induces multiple DNA adducts in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells: role of cytochrome P4501B1
Authors: B Moorthy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: 3-Methylcholanthrene (MC), a polycylic aromatic hydrocarbon, induces atherogenesis in mice fed an atherogenic diet. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MC would induce DNA adducts in mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and that cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) plays an important role in the activation of MC to genotoxic intermediates. Methods: Cultured SMCs were treated with MC or the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and DNA was isolated after 24 h. In some experiments, the cells were pre-treated with the CYP1B1 inhibitor 1-ethynylpyrene (EP) prior to exposure to MC. DNA adducts were determined by the 32P-postlabeling assay. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase assay was measured by fluorimetry. Results: MC induced formation of 12 DNA adducts that were not observed in DMSO-treated cells. DNA adduct formation was dose-dependent, with maximum response observed at 3 μM. Pre-treatment of cells with EP dramatically suppressed DNA adduct formation by MC. MC treatment caused induction of CYP1B1, but not CYP1A1. Conclusion: The induction of high levels of multiple DNA adducts in SMCs by MC suggests that SMCs have a functional enzymatic machinery capable of metabolically activating MC to genotoxic metabolites. The significant inhibition by EP of MC-induced DNA adduct formation indicated that CYP1B1 was the primary CYP enzyme responsible for formation of genotoxic metabolites that may play a role in the induction of atherosclerosis by MC.
Quantification of Circulating Endothelial Cells by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Patrizia Mancuso, Angelica Calleri, Francesco Bertolini, Carlo Tacchetti, John V. Heymach, David R. Shalinsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

In Response: We thank Strijbos et al. for the opportunity to further discuss our data on circulating endothelial cell (CEC) count to elucidate details that we did not comment on in our article because of space limitations.

The novel procedure described in our article enumerates a population of
Evolution of Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Pamela B. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Thirty years ago, a treatment program for patients with cystic fibrosis was laid out that emphasized combating pulmonary infection, improving bronchial drainage, and attending to nutrition1. This symptomatic approach, devised with no specific knowledge of the basic molecular defect, has served patients well. The median survival age of patients enrolled in this program soared into the third decade, and the quality of life improved dramatically. These three principles of treatment remain the underpinnings of conventional therapy for cystic fibrosis.In this issue of the Journal, Fuchs and coworkers report an approach to improving bronchial drainage that is a product . . .
Visual Impairment and Blindness Avoided with Ranibizumab in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Whites with Diabetic Macular Edema in the United States
Authors: Rohit Varma, Neil M. Bressler, Quan V. Doan, Mark Danese, Chantal M. Dolan, Abraham Lee, Adam Turpcu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)

To estimate visual impairment (VI) and blindness avoided with intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 mg treatment for central-involved diabetic macular edema (DME) among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white individuals in the United States.Population-based model simulating visual acuity (VA) outcomes over 2 years after diagnosis and treatment of DME.Visual acuity changes with and without ranibizumab were based on data from the RISE, RIDE, and DRCR Network trials.For the better-seeing eye, VA outcomes included VI, defined as worse than 20/40 in the better-seeing eye, and blindness, defined as VA of 20/200 or worse in the better-seeing eye. Incidence of 1 or both eyes with central-involved DME in 2010 were estimated based on the 2010 United States population, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and 1-year central-involved DME incidence rate. Sixty-one percent of incident individuals had bilateral DME and 39% had unilateral DME, but DME could develop in the fellow eye.Cases of VI and blindness avoided with ranibizumab treatment.Among approximately 102 million Hispanic and non-Hispanic white individuals in the United States 45 years of age and older in 2010, an estimated 37 274 had central-involved DME and VI eligible for ranibizumab treatment. Compared with no ranibizumab treatment, the model predicted that ranibizumab 0.3 mg every 4 weeks would reduce the number of individuals with VI from 11 438 (95% simulation interval [SI], 7249-16 077) to 6304 (95% SI, 3921-8981), a 45% (95% SI, 36%-53%) reduction at 2 years. Ranibizumab would reduce the number of incident eyes with VA worse than 20/40 from 16 910 (95% SI, 10 729-23 577) to 9361 (95% SI, 5839-13 245), a 45% (95% SI, 38%-51%) reduction. Ranibizumab was estimated to reduce the number of individuals with legal blindness by 75% (95% SI, 58%-88%) and the number of incident eyes with VA of 20/200 or worse by 76% (95% SI, 63%-87%).This model suggests that ranibizumab 0.3 mg every 4 weeks substantially reduces prevalence of VI and legal blindness 2 years after initiating treatment among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white individuals in the United States with central-involved DME that has caused vision loss.
Reply: Hypercoagulable States
Authors: Duncan P. Thomas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 December 1997Reply: Hypercoagulable StatesDuncan P. Thomas, MD and Harold R. Roberts, MDDuncan P. Thomas, MDUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7035Search for more papers by this author and Harold R. Roberts, MDUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7035Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-12-199712150-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Wilson and Gharavi for drawing attention to the problem of hypercoagulability and thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Although we agree that the mechanism of action of antiphospholipid antibodies is not fully understood and that prospective clinical trials are needed to establish definitive recommendations for treatment, we know of no evidence suggesting that the measurement of specific endogenous anticoagulant pathways, such as activated protein C or antithrombin III, provides information useful in the diagnosis or management of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. We would like, however, to modify our statement in relation to arterial thrombosis ...References1. Rosendaal FR, Siscovick DS, Schwartz SM, Beverly RK, Psaty BN, Longstreth WT Jr, et al. Factor V Leiden (resistance to activated protein C) increases the risk of myocardial infarction in young women. Blood. 1997; 89:2817-21. Google Scholar2. Schairer C, Adami HO, Hoover R, Persson I. Cause-specific mortality in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Epidemiology. 1997; 8:59-65. Google Scholar3. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:1969-75. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7035 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 12Page: 1128-1129KeywordsAntiphospholipid syndromeFactor V LeidenMedical risk factorsMortalityOsteoporosisProteinsRelative riskRisk managementThrombosisVenous thromboembolism Issue Published: 15 December 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
INGUINAL HERNIA OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: CHARLES EMERSON INGBERT
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Inguinal vesical hernia, or inguinal hernia of the bladder, is necessarily rare, owing to the fact that the fundus of the bladder, under normal conditions, rises above the brim of the pelvis only when the cavity of the bladder is distended with urine. By adhering to other organs the bladder may, however, be dragged out of its normal position, and give rise, in part or entirely, to a ventral hernia, a femoral hernia, an inguinal hernia, a peritoneal hernia or a scrotal hernia. Henry O. Marcy, in his excellent work on "Hernia"<sup>1</sup>refers to cases of inguinal hernia of the bladder reported by Percival Pott, Cooper, Scarpa, Lawrence, Clement, Horace E. Marine and Arthur F. Norton. In some of these cases the hernia had reached the lower part of the scrotum and had to be squeezed in order to empty it of the urine it contained. Some of the
Aldosterone Regulates Vascular Reactivity
Authors: Selina L. Liu, Saskia Schmuck, Jozef Z. Chorazcyzewski, Robert Gros, Ross D. Feldman
Journal: Circulation (2003)

There is increasing evidence for rapid nongenomic effects of aldosterone. Therefore, we studied the immediate effects of aldosterone on vascular reactivity in rat aortic ring segments and on endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cellular responses.In endothelium-intact ring segments, aldosterone attenuated phenylephrine-mediated constriction (maximal reduction, 25+/-4% below control phenylephrine-mediated constriction). In contrast, in endothelium-denuded vessels, aldosterone mediated a monophasic dose-dependent enhancement of vasoconstrictor response. In endothelial cells, aldosterone caused a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent increase in nitric oxide synthase activity as well as PI3K-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p70 S6 kinase.Overall, these data support a novel effect of aldosterone on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. These rapid effects of aldosterone might be important in both the short- and long-term regulation of peripheral vascular resistance. Furthermore, in the setting of endothelial dysfunction, alterations in aldosterone's short-term vascular responses might contribute to its pathophysiological effects in cardiovascular disease.
Mental Illness in Later Life
Authors: Lawrence L. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Until very recently physicians have been educated in a system involving only the medically indigent. Elderly people—the product of a lifetime of overwork, undernutrition, and limited intellectual opportunity—have constituted a disproportionate number of these patients. They had chronic and advanced disease; their misunderstanding of clinical jargon caused them to be considered stupid, senile, or both. This has, logically enough, given the impression that age equals senility as well as noncurable disease. Even though the political milieu has changed and the elderly are now "consumers," there continues to be a widespread lack of general knowledge—or interest—in the sociopsychological and the physiological facts of later life. Can it be that physicians are unwilling or unable to accept professional defeat at the hands of Time? Or is it the discomforting intuition that even the physician ages? Nevertheless, medicine cannot properly ignore its responsibility to this segment of humankind by blanketing the problems of
A common bipotent progenitor generates the erythroid and megakaryocyte lineages in embryonic stem cell–derived primitive hematopoiesis
Authors: Olena Klimchenko, Marcella Mori, Antonio DiStefano, Thierry Langlois, Frédéric Larbret, Yann Lecluse, Olivier Feraud, William Vainchenker, Françoise Norol, Najet Debili
Journal: Blood (2009)
Asklepios: Ancient Hero of Medical Caring
Authors: James E. Bailey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Western culture's demands of integrity, sacrifice, and compassion from its physician healers have roots in the mythic traditions of ancient Greece.By understanding these traditions, modern physicians can better understand their patients' expectations and the high expectations physicians often have for themselves. The mythic figure Asklepios was the focus of Greek and Roman medical tradition from approximately 1500 BC to 500 AD. As a physician-hero, Asklepios exemplified the ideal physician and the pitfalls he or she may face. With the progressive deification of Asklepios and the spread of his worship first in Greece and then in the Roman empire, Asklepios became generally recognized as the god of healing and served as an object of supplication, particularly for the poor and disregarded. Asklepian traditions for medical service provide historical insight into the role of modern physicians and their obligations to care for the underserved.
Over the limit?
Authors: Susan Mayor, Jane Burgermeister, Katka Kosner, Tiago Villanueva, Annette Tuffs, Brad Spurgeon, Fabio Turone, Muiris Houston, Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The final phase of the European Working Time Directive came into force on 1 August. The BMJ reports from some of the affected countries
Specific Genes Expressed in Association with Progesterone Receptors in Meningioma
Authors: Elizabeth B. Claus, Peter J. Park, Rona Carroll, Jennifer Chan, Peter M. Black
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract An association between hormones and meningioma has been postulated. No data exist that examine gene expression in meningioma by hormone receptor status. The data are surgical specimens from 31 meningioma patients undergoing neurosurgical resection at Brigham and Women's Hospital from March 15, 2004 to May 10, 2005. Progesterone and estrogen hormone receptors (PR and ER, respectively) were measured via immunohistochemistry and compared with gene expression profiling results. The sample is 77% female with a mean age of 55.7 years. Eighty percent were grade 1 and the mean MIB was 6.2, whereas 33% and 84% were ER+ and PR+, respectively. Gene expression seemed more strongly associated with PR status than with ER status. Genes on the long arm of chromosome 22 and near the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene (22q12) were most frequently noted to have expression variation, with significant up-regulation in PR+ versus PR− lesions, suggesting a higher rate of 22q loss in PR− lesions. Pathway analyses indicated that genes in collagen and extracellular matrix pathways were most likely to be differentially expressed by PR status. These data, although preliminary, are the first to examine gene expression for meningioma cases by hormone receptor status and indicate a stronger association with PR than with ER status. PR status is related to the expression of genes near the NF2 gene, mutations in which have been identified as the initial event in many meningiomas. These findings suggest that PR status may be a clinical marker for genetic subgroups of meningioma and warrant further examination in a larger data set. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):314–22]
Gallstone Ileus, Volvulus of the Small Intestine, Incarcerated Femoral Hernia and Peritonitis
Authors: Arnold Segel, Burrill N. Josephs, Alexander M. Rutenburg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE combination of gallstone ileus, volvulus of the small intestine, incarcerated femoral hernia and diffuse peritonitis is sufficiently unusual to warrant a report. The probable sequence of events in the development of the clinical picture makes this case of added interest.Case ReportL. H. (BIH M20709), a 74-year-old woman, entered the hospital because of pain in the lower abdomen, nausea, vomiting and obstipation of 2 days' duration. She had been quite well until 2 years prior to entry, when she had a 3-day episode of severe pain in the right upper quadrant, tenderness, nausea and vomiting. At that time . . .
PATHWAYS OF PENETRATION OF ELECTROLYTES THROUGH STRATUM CORNEUM
Authors: J.D. MIDDLETON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article PATHWAYS OF PENETRATION OF ELECTROLYTES THROUGH STRATUM CORNEUM Get access J.D. MIDDLETON J.D. MIDDLETON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s4, 1 August 1969, Pages 56–61, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16062.x Published: 01 August 1969
Detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Nobutaka Imamura, Atsushi Kuramoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

To detect more precisely the minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), two-color flow cytometric analysis for the detection of cell-surface antigen (CD10; CALLA) and nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was performed in the six patients with CALLA-positive ALL coexpressing TdT. In all patients, the leukemic blasts coexpressed Ia (HLA-DR), CD9, CD19, CD20, CD24, and CD10. Five of six patients achieved complete remission, but one has so far relapsed. No leukemic blasts (CD10+, TdT+) were detected at the time of complete remission. During maintenance chemotherapy, leukemic blasts coexpressed C10 and TdT were found 2.32% in the patient's peripheral blood by two-color analysis, whereas no obvious leukemic cells were recognized morphologically. The patient relapsed leukemia with the same phenotype 4 weeks after the examination. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that two-color flow cytometric analysis with the use of these antibodies is quite valuable to detect the minimal residual leukemic cells in a patient with ALL. The reduction of leukemic cells below the threshold of detection of methods currently available appears to be necessary to achieve a cure in ALL. Hence accurate diagnosis of ALLs with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) should contribute substantially to the development of an effective form of therapy for their cure.