tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response of Intracranial Metastases to Erlotinib Therapy
Authors: M. Houman Fekrazad, Meera Ravindranathan, Dennie V. Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Brain metastases are a common occurrence in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The standard treatment is radiation therapy with or without resection, but chemotherapy is only modestly palliative for recurrence within the brain. We describe a 60-year-old nonsmoking Native American woman who presented with left-sided weakness due to a stage IV adenocarcinoma of the lung with multiple brain metastases. The patient received whole-brain radiotherapy (33 Gy in 11 fractions) with resolution of her symptoms, but deferred subsequent chemotherapy. Within 3 months, she became symptomatic again with vertigo, anorexia, and a decrease in her performance
A rare nonsynonymous sequence variant in C3 is associated with high risk of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Hannes Helgason, Patrick Sulem, Maheswara R Duvvari, Hongrong Luo, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Hreinn Stefansson, Ingileif Jonsdottir, Gisli Masson, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, G Bragi Walters, Olafur Th Magnusson, Augustine Kong, Thorunn Rafnar, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Frederieke E Schoenmaker-Koller, Ling Zhao, Camiel J F Boon, Yaojun Song, Sascha Fauser, Michelle Pei, Tina Ristau, Shirrina Patel, Sandra Liakopoulos, Johannes P H van de Ven, Carel B Hoyng, Henry Ferreyra, Yaou Duan, Paul S Bernstein, Asbjorg Geirsdottir, Gudleif Helgadottir, Einar Stefansson, Anneke I den Hollander, Kang Zhang, Fridbert Jonasson, Haraldur Sigurdsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;See-non-ty-a, An Iowa Medicine Man&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE PRINCIPLE OF TRACTION IN THE TREATMENT OF URETEROLITHIASIS
Authors: ROY P. FINNEY
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Tiny calculi impacted in the pelvic segment of the ureter can be as tantalizing to the physician as they are agonizing to the patient. As a rule these curious pseudogeologic formations should be removed as quickly as possible, before the onset of certain painful and dangerous complications and/or sequelae.  The trouble one may encounter in extracting a stone from the ureter varies greatly and is wholly unpredictable. Thus a relatively small stone may require open operation, while another much larger may respond favorably to the slightest manipulation. This unpredictable behavior doubtless is the fault of the ureter, which from the standpoint of biomechanical efficiency leaves much to be desired. It is too small in caliber, too fragile and too keenly sensitive to reflex stimuli. A combination of these and other faults makes the removal of a stone by manipulation one of the most uncertain and often one of the most
ANGIOSPASTIC STATES AND PARKINSON DISEASE
Authors: W. G. ELIASBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

The Bio-motor Test can be used for: (1) diagnosis and differential diagnosis of brain disease; (2) the understanding of the psychology of convalescence or psychological changes in the course of the disease, the patient as he adjusts, succumbs to, or overcomes disease, and (3) the evaluation of psychological and physiological responses to treatment; the outlook for the arteriosclerotic vascular damage has been improved with re-introduction of aminophyllin, which has recently found wide application among German specialists.
The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change
Authors: Ole Petter Ottersen, Jashodhara Dasgupta, Chantal Blouin, Paulo Buss, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Julio Frenk, Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, Bience P Gawanas, Rita Giacaman, John Gyapong, Jennifer Leaning, Michael Marmot, Desmond McNeill, Gertrude I Mongella, Nkosana Moyo, Sigrun Møgedal, Ayanda Ntsaluba, Gorik Ooms, Espen Bjertness, Ann Louise Lie, Suerie Moon, Sidsel Roalkvam, Kristin I Sandberg, Inger B Scheel
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Rheumatism: Postgraduate Instruction
Authors: A. Abrahams
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Rheumatism may be conveniently defined as a painful disorder of the locomotor system the aetiology of which is obscure.Anatomically, this conception will embrace the joints, the fibrous tissues, and the neuromuscular system throughout the body.Symptomatically, it is no exaggeration to say that it may be applied to the occurrence of pain in every inch of the body-quite literally from the scalp to the sole of the foot.Very early in my professional l.feI was impressed by the observation " Beware of rheumatism " by an experienced general physician in the course of his lecture on " Errors of Diagnosis.""Which of us," said he, "has not let out rheumatism with a scalpel?" Osteomyelitis is not the only serious error in differential diagnosis.We recall tuberculous arthritis and scurvy.The tabetic with lightning pains will present himself with the complaint of "rheumatism."Vague so-called rheumatic pains in the limbs will be recognized as the manifestation of trichiniasis by an astute observer who has noted oedema of the eyelids.As a contrast, there is the mis- taken diagnosis of progressive muscular atrophy or a dystrophy when rheumatoid arthritis and trophic muscular changes were the correct explanation.Cardiologists have associated the symptomatology of disease of the shoulder girdle or subacromial bursa with angina pectoris.The subjects of coronary arteriosclerosis have sometimes been regarded as suffering from these lesions for considerable periods.Pain more or less constant in the shoulder region-most com- monly the left but often the right-has developed within an interval of three or four months after myocardial infarction and lasted for several years.The shoulder pain has even preceded coronary thrombosis for as long as a year.It is supposed that reflex hypertonus of the muscles of the shoulder girdle plays some part in the simulation of arthritic disease.Charcot's joints, Paget's disease of bone, and, most tragic of all.malignant disease of the vertebrae or of the spinal cord are other lesions which have been mistakenly regarded as so-called rheumatism.Within a fortn ght I saw three examples of carcinomatous metastases, two diagnosed as " sciatica " and one as " brachial neuritis."All three had been under the care of
Funktionsdiagnostik des gesunden und kranken Herzens, Beziehungen zwischen Herzgrösse und Leistung
Authors: BORYS Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Physical training improves the performance of the heart. Recent studies of Sjostrand and other Swedish physiologists have shown that training increases the stroke volume and the volume of the heart. This implies that a small but healthy heart functions inefficiently, and that a certain amount of cardiac dilatation and hypertrophy, induced by training, may be beneficial. Reindell and his colleagues from Heidelberg conclude that cardiac performance during strenuous exercise is a function of the heart volume. Therefore, they have correlated the heart volume with the blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiogram, ventilation, and oxygen uptake per beat during exercise in a large number of healthy individuals and in cardiac patients. The monograph contains a large number of tables and graphs with the detailed results of these correlations in men and women of various ages. The authors estimate the heart volume at rest from the supine, anteroposterior, and lateral x-ray films of
What to Look for in Rib Fractures and How
Authors: Kenneth R. Kattan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A MAN was involved in a fight during hospitalization in a state hospital. A chest roentgenogram was obtained, which showed a rib fracture and other features (Fig 1). What are the other features? Answer: emphysema of the chest wall; pneumothorax, left; pneumomediastinum. The multiple lines of translucency noted in the left hemithorax were caused by air between the muscle fibers in the chest wall and not by pulmonary vascular markings. No vascular marking is recognized in the left hemithorax. Air is observed in the pleural cavity medial to the collapsed lung. A chest film obtained earlier the same day showed the pneumothorax and the collapsed lung. <h3>Comment</h3> When soft-tissue emphysema is detected after traumatic injury to a rib, it should be assumed that the lung has been injured, and signs of pneumothorax should be sought. These are (1) demonstration of the lung margin, (2) the absence of lung markings peripheral
Methodological considerations and differences according to sex and stroke subtypes
Authors: T. Kurth
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The finding reported by Myint et al that lifestyle habits have beneficial effects on stroke occurrence is very reassuring and support previous results of large scale, US based cohort studies.1 2 3 Several points merit further comment. 

Firstly, while the authors show several multivariable models, their main relative risk estimates come from a model that also controlled …
Altitude-related deaths in seven trekkers in the Himalayas.
Authors: J Dickinson, D Heath, J Gosney, D Williams
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The clinical features and necropsy findings are described for seven trekkers in the Himalayas whose deaths were related to high altitude. The fatal outcome was due to serious pulmonary and cerebral disease. Oedema of the lungs and brain was prominent but so was thrombosis and haemorrhage, features of acute mountain sickness that have received insufficient recognition in the past. Most of the men were middle aged. Some began their trekking soon after flying to high altitude before becoming acclimatised and some remained at high altitude or climbed even higher despite the development of vomiting, breathlessness, and exhaustion. In one case death occurred despite prompt recognition and treatment of symptoms by administration of oxygen and swift evacuation to low altitude.
The use of biochemical and molecular parameters to estimate dose-response relationships at low levels of exposure.
Authors: M E Andersen, H A Barton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Biomarkers based on alterations in molecular and biochemical parameters may be useful in chemical risk assessment for establishing the presence of an exposure, ranking relative risks among exposed individuals, and estimating risks at low levels of exposure. Because it is unlikely that the relation between toxic responses and the degree of alteration in the biomarker is equivalent at all doses, quantification of risks at low levels is not necessarily more accurate using these biomarkers for extrapolation. The application of response biomarkers for risk evaluation at low levels of exposure is discussed in relation to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a compound that causes induction of cytochromes CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in liver and other tissues. CYP1A1 induction in liver increases monotonically with TCDD dosage; however, several of the dose-response curves for hepatic effects of TCDD are U-shaped. The U-shaped dose-response curve for hepatic tumor promotion appears to result because the integrated toxicologic response depends on multiple underlying processes--mitosuppression, toxicity, and cell proliferation--each of which has a different dose-response relationship with respect to TCDD. Although dose-response relationships for the biomarkers are not expected to duplicate the complex shapes seen with the integrated responses, measurements and pharmacodynamic modeling of the changes in these molecular and biochemical parameters can still be useful for obtaining an upperbound risk estimate at low levels of exposure.
Seborrhea-like dermatitis with psoriasiform elements caused by a mutation in ZNF750, encoding a putative C2H2 zinc finger protein
Authors: Ramon Y Birnbaum, Alex Zvulunov, Dafna Hallel-Halevy, Emanuella Cagnano, Gal Finer, Rivka Ofir, Dan Geiger, Eldad Silberstein, Yael Feferman, Ohad S Birk
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Coronary Calcium Does Not Accurately Predict Near-Term Future Coronary Events in High-Risk Adults
Authors: Robert C. Detrano, Nathan D. Wong, Terence M. Doherty, Robert M. Shavelle, Weiyi Tang, Leonard E. Ginzton, Matthew J. Budoff, Kenneth A. Narahara
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Prognostic risk models have had limited success in predicting coronary events in subjects with multiple risk factors. We and others have proposed an alternative approach using radiographically detectable coronary calcium. We evaluated and compared the predictive value of these 2 approaches for determining coronary event risk in asymptomatic adults with multiple coronary risk factors. In addition, we assessed the predictive value of a risk model that included calcium score and cardiac risk-factor data. Methods and Results —We recruited 1196 asymptomatic high-coronary-risk subjects who then underwent risk-factor assessment and cardiac electron-beam CT (EBCT) scanning and were followed up for 41 months with a 99% success rate. We applied the Framingham model and our data-derived risk model to determine the 3-year likelihood of a coronary event. The mean age of our cohort was 66 years, and mean 3-year Framingham risk was 3.3±3.6%. Sixty-eight percent (818 subjects) had detectable coronary calcium. There were 17 coronary deaths (1.4%) and 29 nonfatal infarctions (2.4%). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve areas calculated from the Framingham model, our data-derived risk model, and the calcium score were 0.69±0.05, 0.68±0.05, and 0.64±0.05, respectively ( P =NS). When calcium score was included as a variable in the data-derived model, the ROC area did not change significantly (0.68±0.05 to 0.71±0.04; P =NS). Conclusions —Neither risk-factor assessment nor EBCT calcium is an accurate event predictor in high-risk asymptomatic adults. EBCT calcium score does not add significant incremental information to risk factors, and its use in clinical screening is not justified at this time.
Summary of the Scientific Conference on the Efficacy of Hypocholesterolemic Dietary Interventions
Authors: Neil J. Stone, Robert J. Nicolosi, Penny Kris-Etherton, Nancy D. Ernst, Ronald M. Krauss, Mary Winston
Journal: Circulation (1996)

HomeCirculationVol. 94, No. 12Summary of the Scientific Conference on the Efficacy of Hypocholesterolemic Dietary Interventions
Misgivings about PROSPERO in solving the problem of duplicate systematic reviews
Authors: N. Waugh
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Moher makes good points about solving the problem of duplicate systematic reviews, but I have several concerns about registering reviews on PROSPERO.1

Firstly, most people will not register their own reviews, but some may use it to find out what reviews on the same topic are under way to get theirs published first. Some people may even draw …
Think of a number.
Authors: J Parkhouse
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Objective</h3> When screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) using quantitative faecal immunochemical tests (FIT), test parameters requiring consideration are the faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) positivity cut-off and the number of stools sampled. This observational study explored variation in f-Hb between samples and the relationship between sensitivity for advanced neoplasia (AN, cancer or advanced adenoma) and colonoscopy workload across a range of independently-adjusted parameter combinations. <h3>Design</h3> Quantitative FIT data (OC-Sensor) were accessed from individuals undergoing personalised colonoscopic screening with an offer of 2-sample FIT in the intervening years. We estimated variation in f-Hb between samples in 12 710 completing 2-sample FIT, plus test positivity rates (colonoscopy workload) and sensitivity for AN according to parameter combinations in 4037 instances where FIT was done in the year preceding colonoscopy. <h3>Results</h3> There was large within-subject variability between samples, with the ratio for the second to the first sample f-Hb ranging up to 18-fold for all cases, and up to 56-fold for AN cases. Sensitivity for AN was greatest at lower f-Hb cut-offs and/or using 2-sample FIT. Colonoscopy workload varied according to how parameters were combined. Using different cut-offs for 1-sample FIT and 2-sample FIT to return similar sensitivity, workload was less with 2-sample FIT when the sensitivity goal exceeded 35%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Variation in f-Hb between samples is such that both parameters are crucial determinants of sensitivity and workload; independent adjustment of each should be considered. The 2-sample FIT approach is best for detecting advanced adenomas as well as CRC provided that the colonoscopy workload is feasible.
Occupational and Environmental Cancers of the Urinary System
Authors: Rodney A. Mannion
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The author of this monograph was the first investigator to prove, in 1937, that bladder cancer could occur in dogs, from exposure to a derivative of the chemical dye industry—beta naphthylamine. He has devoted many years of work collecting data on environmental cancer. The present book reflects his extensive knowledge of this problem. There are 11 chapters, which range from a detailed analysis of cancers of the urinary system caused by aromatic amines (β naphthylamine, benzidine, and xenylamine are proved carcinogens) to sections dealing with suspicious agents such as the endogenous metabolites of tryptophan. These last may have a connection with urinary-tract cancers in cigarette smokers and persons infected with the parasite,<i>Schistosoma haematobium</i>. The author further implicates a wide spectrum of agents which are used in foodstuffs and which ultimately derive from coal tar substances. There is an informative discussion of ionizing radiation and its relation to cancer.
Evolution of Noncoding and Silent Coding Sites in the Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium reichenowi Genomes
Authors: Daniel E. Neafsey, Daniel L. Hartl, Matt Berriman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

We compared levels of sequence divergence between fourfold synonymous coding sites and noncoding sites from the intergenic and intronic regions of the Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium reichenowi genomes. We observed significant differences in the level of divergence between these classes of silent sites. Fourfold synonymous coding sites exhibited the highest level of sequence divergence, followed by introns, and then intergenic sequences. This pattern of relative divergence rates has been observed in primate genomes but was unexpected in Plasmodium due to a paucity of variation at silent sites in P. falciparum and the corollary hypothesis that silent sites in this genome may be subject to atypical selective constraints. Exclusion of hypermutable CpG dinucleotides reduces the divergence level of synonymous coding sites to that of intergenic sites but does not diminish the significantly higher divergence level of introns relative to intergenic sites. A greater than expected incidence of CpG dinucleotides in intergenic regions less than 500 bp from genes may indicate selective maintenance of regulatory motifs containing CpGs. Divergence rates of different classes of silent sites in these Plasmodium genomes are determined by a combination of mutational and selective pressures.
Changing Indications for Pulmonary Resection in Tuberculosis Surgery
Authors: John W. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

The remarkable accomplishments of the antituberculous drugs, which today bring 80 per cent of the patients to the sputum-negative state, after six months of original treatment, have, in turn, affected the current indications for pulmonary resection. Formerly a last resort measure, pulmonary resection, at the inception of the chemotherapy era, was concerned almost exclusively with cases in which medical treatment had failed. As medical control improved with the institution of prolonged twin-drug chemotherapy, tuberculous empyemas, endobronchial disease and destroyed lobes or lungs became much less frequent.The emphasis on surgical therapy for control of the patient's disease has shifted to . . .
Abstract 1430: The role of IL27 as a driver of skin carcinogenesis.
Authors: Denada Dibra, Melissa Newman, Jeffry Cutrera, Shulin Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although the genetic components that drive carcinogenesis and the stem cell involvement in cancer initiation have been established, the mechanism through which the immune response/cytokine milieu within the tumor microenvironment promotes cancer formation and stem cell behavior is an exciting yet understudied area of research. This statement is specifically true with an important regulator of the immune response, IL27, which is known to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties. During an inflammatory response, IL27 has been shown to regulate two canonical cytokines IL10 and IL17, and to affect multiple inflammatory and infectious diseases. Yet, the function of IL27 at physiological levels during the instigation of carcinogenesis remains unknown. To determine the role of IL27 during the early stages of cancer formation, the well-established two step skin carcinogenesis model (DMBA followed by the promoter benzoyl peroxide (BP)) was used. Interestingly, mice that lack IL27 signaling (IL27RA-/-) are protected during the initiation of carcinogenesis as they have lower incidence of papilloma formation over time when compared to wildtype mice. Additionally, wildtype mice treated with IL27 via gene therapy have a higher incidence and develop more papillomas when compared to control counterparts. Bone marrow transfer studies showed that IL27 signaling in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells is needed to drive skin carcinogenesis. Additionally, IL27 signaling induces loss of epithelial stem cell homeostasis/maintenance. In mice treated with DMBA/BP, 23% of the wildtype mice treated had ulcerations that failed to heal over time, while none of IL27RA-/- showed any defects in the skin. In mice that went under bone marrow transfer followed by DMBA/BP, 40% of wildtype ones developed severe skin ulcerations, while none of the IL27RA-/- developed any skin abnormalities. And lastly, mice undergoing the tumorigenesis protocol that were treated with IL27 developed hair loss, which was mirrored by loss of hair follicles. These phenotypes are like due to the loss of epithelial stem cell maintenance and/or homeostasis by IL27. These finding propose an unrecognized role of IL27 in promoting papilloma formation and disrupting epithelial cell maintenance and/or homeostasis. Citation Format: Denada Dibra, Melissa Newman, Jeffry Cutrera, Shulin Li. The role of IL27 as a driver of skin carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1430. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1430