tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulins in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: MASSIMO FIORILLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1985Immunoglobulins in the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeMASSIMO FIORILLI, MAURIZIO CARBONARI, BEATRICE SCARPATI, GIUSEPPINA SCANO, CARLO GAETANO, FERNANDO AIUTIMASSIMO FIORILLISearch for more papers by this author, MAURIZIO CARBONARISearch for more papers by this author, BEATRICE SCARPATISearch for more papers by this author, GIUSEPPINA SCANOSearch for more papers by this author, CARLO GAETANOSearch for more papers by this author, FERNANDO AIUTISearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-862_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Virologic and seroepidemologic evidence strongly suggests an association between human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and its related complex (1, 2). The rapidly increasing prevalence of HTLV-III antibodies in populations at risk for the syndrome (3) argues for the spreading of a "new" virus. This hypothesis, however, must be confirmed by serologic evidence in patients with recent infection (that is, demonstration of antibodies of the IgM isotype), because to our knowledge all reported studies have pointed to the presence of HTLV-III serum antibodies of the IgG isotype.We screened 426 serum...References1. GALLOSALAHUDDINPOPOVIC RSM. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. Science. 1984;224:500-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SAFAISARNGADHARANGROOPMAN BMJ. Seroepidemiological studies of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Lancet. 1984;1:1438-40. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome. MMWR. 1984;33:377-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Universitá delgi Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" Rome Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 862-863KeywordsAIDSAntibodiesHIVHIV infectionsPopulation statistics Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Low-Fat Diet May Be Imprudent for Some, Say Opponents of Population-Based Cholesterol Control
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

AS THE National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) prepares to raise the nation's cholesterol consciousness, several clinical investigators are contending that lowering serum cholesterol is not a public health matter. They would like to see cholesterollowering programs tailored to the individual rather than presented as an edict to the population at large. None of the naysayers is challenging the notion that hyperlipidemia should be treated. Nor does any of them doubt that excessive dietary cholesterol is often associated with coronary disease. What they are taking issue with is the NHLBI's recommendation that all Americans above the age of 2 years reduce their intake of dietary fats to 30% of calories and of saturated fats to 10% of calories (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2080-2086). They contend that cholesterol education programs should not be designed around this dietary dictum. Although dietary fat has been a putative culprit in coronary artery disease since the 1950s,
Azathioprine and Allopurinol
Authors: DAVID PRAGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 March 1974Azathioprine and AllopurinolDAVID PRAGER, M.D.DAVID PRAGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-427_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the recently published review article concerning azathioprine (1) the authors did not mention an important drug interrelationship. In any patient who is receiving a xanthine oxidase inhibitor such as allopurinol the dose of azathioprine should be lowered to the 25% level (2). This is because inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol interferes with the metabolic degradation of both azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine and may be associated clinically with toxic side effects....References1. ROSMANBERTINO MJ: Azathioprine. Ann Intern Med 79:694-700, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KAPLANCALABRESI SP: Immunosuppressive agents. N Engl J Med 289:1234-1236, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 1730 Chew St. Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByReducing Immunogenicity of Pegloticase With Concomitant Use of Mycophenolate Mofetil in Patients With Refractory Gout: A Phase II, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled TrialMechanisms of Drug Toxicity or IntoleranceINFLAMMATION AND IMMUNOMODULATIONVasculitis in the Geriatric PopulationAzathioprine in dermatology: The past, the present, and the futureVasculitis in the Geriatric PopulationDrug interactions in gastroenterology: Mechanisms, consequences, and how to avoid 1 March 1974Volume 80, Issue 3Page: 427-427KeywordsAllopurinolDrugs Issue Published: 1 March 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gender gap in undergraduate experience and performance in obstetrics and gynaecology: analysis of clinical experience logs
Authors: J. Higham
Journal: BMJ (2004)

dominated occupations showed a highly significant decrease ( 2 test, P < 0.0001) in the proportion of men in 2001 compared with 1971.The decrease ranged from 11 percentage points in surgeons to 62 percentage points in optometrists/dispensing opticians.Regardless of length of training or level of skill needed, none of these 10 occupations was male dominated in 2001.Moreover, in two occupations (optometrist/ dispensing optician and obstetrician/gynaecologist) women became the majority.In contrast, eight of the top 10 female dominated occupations remained female dominated in 2001.The two that did not (occupational therapist and principal nurse) dipped only slightly below the category definition, with female proportions of 89.6% and 89.4% respectively.The decrease in the proportion of women in the top 10 female dominated occupations ranged from 0 to 10 percentage points.Two of the female dominated occupations showed no change in 2001 compared with 1971; both occupations were entirely female in both years.For some occupations, the numbers in the workforce rose substantially.These increases are partly explained by a 36% rise in New Zealand's population, a change in definition of some jobs, and a rise in the number of part time general practitioners.
Mental Disorders
Authors: Leo E. Hollister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

FEW drugs are more overused than those for treating anxiety, and few are more controversial than those for treating depression. In contrast to the well-established therapeutic benefits of antipsychotic and antimanic drugs, the place of these drugs is less certain. Both anxiety and depression are strongly rooted in lite experiences, unlike the other two disorders, and consequently other types of management may take precedence.Antianxiety DrugsA wide array of drugs claim efficacy for treating anxiety. On the one hand are drugs that possess varying degrees of the pharmacologic actions of sedative-hypnotics: sedation, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant action, habituation potential, tolerance . . .
The effect of single and multiple infections on atopy and wheezing in children
Authors: Neuza Maria Alcantara-Neves, Rafael Valente Veiga, Vitor Camilo Cavalcante Dattoli, Rosimeire Leovigildo Fiaccone, Renata Esquivel, Álvaro Augusto Cruz, Philip John Cooper, Laura Cunha Rodrigues, Maurício Lima Barreto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
THE PARTICIPATION OF SKIN LYMPHATICS IN REPAIR OF THE LESIONS DUE TO INCISIONS AND BURNS
Authors: Philip D. McMaster, Stephen S. Hudack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

With the aid of solutions of vital dyes the lymphatic capillaries in the ear of the mouse have been studied during the period of immediate reaction to injuries of various sorts and during the period of repair. The behavior of lymphatics severed by incision differs greatly from that of the small blood vessels. Instead of closing they sometimes remain open for as long as 48 hours. Materials introduced into the wound pass directly into the lymphatics through their gaping ends, a fact which will explain why infection from incisions is predominantly along the lymphatics. All around an injury the lymphatics are rendered abnormally permeable. So, too, are the blood vessels, a fact well recognized in the past. Twenty-four to 48 hours later, at a time when the blood vessels in the edematous tissue surrounding the injured area are still much more permeable than normal, the draining lymphatics allow far less to escape than usual. The possible reasons for this have been discussed. The lymphatics participate in the removal of fluid from the edematous tissue. As repair after injury takes place severed lymphatics may reunite when as yet there are no functioning blood vessels. Later an active hyperplasia of the lymphatic channels occurs, an extraordinarily abundant plexus of minute lymph capillaries budding into the area under repair.
Tuberculosis cases in England will outnumber US in two years unless trends are reversed
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Human Alport disease is caused by a lack of the α3-, 4-, or 5-chain of type IV collagen (COL4A). Affected humans and COL4A3-deficient mice develop glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal fibrosis in the presence of interstitial macrophages, but their contribution to disease progression is under debate. This question was addressed by treating COL4A3-deficient mice with BX471, an antagonist of chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) that is known to block interstitial leukocyte recruitment. Treatment with BX471 from weeks 6 to 10 of life improved survival of COL4A3-deficient mice, associated with less interstitial macrophages, apoptotic tubular epithelial cells, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and less globally sclerotic glomeruli. BX471 reduced total renal <i>Cll5</i> mRNA expression by reducing the number of interstitial CCL5-positive cells in inflammatory cell infiltrates. Intravital microscopy of the cremaster muscle in male mice identified that BX471 or lack of CCR1 impaired leukocyte adhesion to activated vascular endothelium and transendothelial leukocyte migration, whereas leukocyte rolling and interstitial migration were not affected. Furthermore, in activated murine macrophages, BX471 completely blocked CCL3-induced CCL5 production. Thus, CCR1-mediated recruitment and local activation of macrophages contribute to disease progression in COL4A3-deficient mice. These data identify CCR1 as a potential therapeutic target for Alport disease or other progressive nephropathies associated with interstitial macrophage infiltrates.
Altered Regulation of the Cytochrome P4501A1 Gene: Novel Inducer-Independent Gene Expression in Pulmonary Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: T. L. McLemore, S. Adelberg, M. Czerwinski, W. C. Hubbard, S. J. Yu, R. Storeng, T. G. Wood, R. N. Hines, M. R. Boyd
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems catalyze the metabolic transformation of a wide variety of xenobiotics including procarcinogens present in cigarette smoke condensate as well as atmospheric pollutants. The CYP1A1 isoenzyme is of particular interest because it has been implicated as a risk factor in the etiology of lung cancer in heavy cigarette smokers. The identification and expression of the structural CYP1A1 gene in either normal human lung or lung cancer cells has not been reported. Because of its potential significance in human lung cancer, we investigated the expression of the CYP1A1 structural gene in 24 established human lung cancer cell lines including 15 non-small cell (eight adenocarcinomas, three large cell undifferentiated carcinomas, two bronchioloalveolar cell carcinomas, and two squamous cell carcinomas) and nine small cell lung carcinomas. CYP1A1 mRNA was detected in 14 of 15 (93%) of the non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines examined following 24-hour treatment with benz[a]anthracene (BA) and in nine of 15 (60%) of the non-small cell lines cultured without an inducer in the medium. When the small cell lung cancer lines were evaluated for CYP1A1 gene expression, two of nine (22%) expressed detectable CYP1A1 mRNA in both BA-induced cell cultures and constitutive (control) cultures. A positive correlation was noted between BA-induced CYP1A1 mRNA levels and the corresponding aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity expressed as absolute BA-induced enzyme activity (r = 0.74; P less than .01; n = 24), which further demonstrated that CYP1A1 mRNA expression reflects CYP1A1 enzyme activity in the individual cell lines. These observations represent the first known demonstration of constitutive (non-induced) CYP1A1 gene expression in human cells and suggest altered regulation of the CYP1A1 gene in selected lung cancer cell lines. These human pulmonary carcinoma cell lines, which have documented regulatory defects, could be useful for further identification of the mechanisms associated with CYP1A1 gene regulation.
Increased delta aminolevulinic acid and decreased pineal melatonin production. A common event in acute porphyria studies in the rat.
Authors: H Puy, J C Deybach, A Bogdan, J Callebert, M Baumgartner, P Voisin, Y Nordmann, Y Touitou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Tryptophan (TRP) is the precursor of melatonin, the primary secretory product of the pineal gland. Hepatic heme deficiency decreases the activity of liver tryptophan pyrrolase, leading to increased plasma TRP and serotonin. As a paradox, patients with attacks of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), exhibit low nocturnal plasma melatonin levels. This study using a rat experimental model was designed to produce a pattern of TRP and melatonin production similar to that in AIP patients. Pineal melatonin production was measured in response to: (a) a heme synthesis inhibitor, succinylacetone, (b) a heme precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid (Ala), (c) a structural analogue of Ala, gamma-aminobutyric acid. Studies were performed in intact rats, perifused pineal glands, and pinealocyte cultures. Ala, succinylacetone, and gamma-aminobutyric acid significantly decreased plasma melatonin levels independently of blood TRP concentration. In the pineal gland, the key enzyme activities of melatonin synthesis were unchanged for hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase and decreased for N-acetyltransferase. Our results strongly suggest that Ala overproduced by the liver acts by mimicking the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on pineal melatonin in AIP. They also support the view that Ala acts as a toxic element in the pathophysiology of AIP.
Paget??s Disease A Cause of Artificially Elevated Bone Mineral Density
Authors: JESSE BALSEIRO, DOUGLAS F. EGGLI, HARVEY A. ZIESSMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 48-year-old man with a ten-year history of corticosteroid- dependent asthma and a previous fracture of the right humerus after minimal trauma was referred for a dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) study to assess the degree of osteoporosis. The DPA study revealed a large discrepancy in bone mineral density (BMD) between the right and left hips. A Tc-99m MDP bone scan and an anteroposterior frog-leg radiograph demonstrated changes typical of Paget's disease in the sacrum, pelvis, and femurs. This case is an example of how underlying bone disease may artificially elevate bone mineral density, and demonstrates the value of performing BMD tests on both hips and the necessity for correlative bone scans and radiographs in selected cases.
Thyroid Hormone Receptor β1 Acts as a Potent Suppressor of Tumor Invasiveness and Metastasis
Authors: Olaia Martínez-Iglesias, Susana Garcia-Silva, Stephan P. Tenbaum, Javier Regadera, Fernando Larcher, Jesus M. Paramio, Bjorn Vennström, Ana Aranda
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Loss of thyroid hormone receptors (TR) is a common feature in some tumors, although their role in tumor progression is currently unknown. We show here that expression of TRβ1 in hepatocarcinoma and breast cancer cells reduces tumor growth, causes partial mesenchymal-to-epithelial cell transition, and has a striking inhibitory effect on invasiveness, extravasation, and metastasis formation in mice. In cultured cells, TRβ1 abolishes anchorage-independent growth and migration, blocks responses to epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, and transforming growth factor β, and regulates expression of genes that play a key role in tumorigenicity and metastatic growth. The receptor disrupts the mitogenic action of growth factors by suppressing activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways that are crucial for cell proliferation and invasiveness. Furthermore, increased aggressiveness of skin tumors is found in genetically modified mice lacking TRs, further demonstrating the role of these receptors as inhibitors of tumor progression. These results define a novel role for the thyroid hormone receptor as a metastasis suppressor gene, providing a starting point for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):501–9]
Risk of Premature Menopause After Treatment for Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Anthony J Swerdlow, Rosie Cooke, Andrew Bates, David Cunningham, Stephen J Falk, Dianne Gilson, Barry W Hancock, Sarah J Harris, Alan Horwich, Peter J Hoskin, David C Linch, Andrew Lister, Helen H Lucraft, John Radford, Andrea M Stevens, Isabel Syndikus, Michael V Williams
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundModern treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has transformed its prognosis but causes late effects, including premature menopause. Cohort studies of premature menopause risks after treatment have been relatively small, and knowledge about these risks is limited.
Abstract 697: Dyssynchrony in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Demonstrated by Tagged MRI Analysis is Independent of Ejection Fraction
Authors: William M Gottliebson, Wojciech Mazur, Janaka Wansapura, D. W Benson, Kan N Hor
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a dystrophinopathy, universally develop dilated cardiomyopathy, which is associated with abnormal myocardial strain, as well as heterogeneous development of fibrosis as demonstrated by pathology and more recently by cardiac MRI methods. We sought to determine the presence of systolic dyssynchrony in this population using cardiac MRI tagging methods. We analyzed tagged MRI images for the presence of dyssynchrony in 61 males (age 12.5 ± 4.4 y) with a dystrophin mutation undergoing clinical cardiac MRI. Tagged MRI images were analyzed using HARP® analysis of regional strain and strain-time curves. The mid-myocardial slice was specifically analyzed, by dividing it into 6 coronary perfusion regions. Dyssynchrony was defined by the presence of either of 2 previously published indexes modified for use with MRI data: 1) time difference of 1 st to last regional peak strain &gt; 100 ms; 2) standard deviation of time differences to peak strain for each of the six regions &gt; 33 ms. Additional indexes evaluated included heart rate, LV ejection fraction, mid-myocardial composite circumferential strain, and presence of delayed myocardial hyperenhancement (MDE). Among the 61 subjects analyzed, 28 (46%) exhibited dyssynchrony indexes 1 and 2, while 8 additional subjects met dyssynchrony index 2 but not index 1. Only 4 subjects, all of whom met both dyssynchrony criteria, had positive MDE and abnormal EF &lt;55%. The regions of slowest activation were highly dispersed and not clustered to the areas of positive MDE. One additional subject with dyssynchrony by either of the critieria also had abnormal EF but did not have MDE. There was no statistically significant difference between mean EF (61 vs 62%), age (12.58 vs 12.63 yrs), heart rate (105 vs 108 bpm) or mid-myocardial composite circumferential strain (−13.3 vs −12.9%) between those subjects with dyssynchrony (by either criteria) and those without. DMD patients frequently exhibit systolic dyssynchrony even in the presence of normal EF. However, the dispersed nature of the dyssynchrony suggests that resynchronization therapy once EF becomes abnormal is unlikely to be of benefit in DMD cardiomyopathy.
Thalidomide and Related Compounds-Reply
Authors: Helen B. Taussig
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>Dear Dr. Yonkman:—</h3> Thank you very much for your courteous letter concerning my recent article inThe Journal. I purposely said "as the story was told" because I had neither proof nor denial of the story. I shall be glad to correct my statement in subsequent reports. Yes, I am convinced that glutethimide has been widely used and not found to cause phocomelia though 2 or 3 physicians<sup>*</sup>emphasized to me that in certain cases a history of glutethimide, not Contergan, was obtained. These cases, however, were not checked by prescriptions.
A missense mutation in ANKRD26 segregates with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Saad A. Al Daama, Yousef H. Housawi, Walid Dridi, Mohammed Sager, F. George Otieno, Cuiping Hou, Lyam Vasquez, Cecilia Kim, Lifeng Tian, Patrick Sleiman, Hakon Hakonarson
Journal: Blood (2013)
Reply to Schattner
Authors: Matthew T. Rondina, Andrew S. Weyrich, Guy A. Zimmerman
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Research 2 outlining facets of platelets as effectors of inflammation in vascular diseases.Unfortunately, we did not have space for an in-depth discussion of all aspects of noncanonical and nongenomic activities of the nuclear family kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in these cells.In the introduction to our article, 2 we noted the necessity of telegraphically profiling topics that had been previously discussed in a comprehensive or integrated fashion in the literature and, throughout the article, we cited recent reviews of many of these topics.One of these was the review of transcription factors in anucleate platelets by Spinelli et al, 3 mentioned in Dr Schattner's letter. 1 The Spinelli review 3 cites several reports mentioned by Dr Schattner 1 that we did not include in our review because of space limitations.We agree with Dr Schattner 1 that there is evidence in recent published reports for both positive and negative modulation of specific platelet activation responses by NF-κB signaling.The example that we cited 2 describes a previously unrecognized negative feedback mechanism for fine-tuning of integrin α IIb β 3 activation and aggregation of stimulated platelets by NF-κB-dependent signaling. 4pinelli et al also interpreted these observations 4 in this fashion and discussed them in this context. 3Based on reports cited by Schattner 1 and Spinelli et al, 3 several of which involve inhibitors that block the NF-κB pathway in other cell types, there may also be positive NF-κB-dependent signaling in activated platelets depending on the functional response(s) assayed and the experimental conditions chosen.Spinelli et al 3 commented that additional work and a variety of experimental approaches will be required to fully characterize noncanonical activities of molecular members of the NF-κB pathway in activated platelets.