tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Inflammatory Angiogenesis and Its Chemoprevention
Authors: Adriana Albini, Francesca Tosetti, Roberto Benelli, Douglas M. Noonan
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The importance of angiogenesis for the growth of tumors is widely recognized. Drugs that successfully target the endothelium, such as antivascular endothelial growth factor antibodies, are beginning to have an effect on the life expectancy of cancer patients. However, the endothelial cell is not the only possible target for antiangiogenic therapy or prevention of vascularization (angioprevention). It is evident from the literature that native immune cells recruited into tumors in turn stimulate the endothelium and are responsible for an indirect pathway of tumor vascularization. Inflammation-dependent angiogenesis seems to be a central force in tumor growth and expansion, a concept supported by the observation that the use of “classic” anti-inflammatory drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, leads to angiogenesis inhibition. The mechanisms of inflammatory angiogenesis provide new approaches to target, cure, or even better, prevent tumor angiogenesis by treatment with synthetic or natural agents with anti-inflammatory properties. We propose chemoprevention of inflammatory angiogenesis as a way of checking the cancer before it progresses.
Prevalence of Long-QT Syndrome Gene Variants in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Marianne Arnestad, Lia Crotti, Torleiv O. Rognum, Roberto Insolia, Matteo Pedrazzini, Chiara Ferrandi, Ashild Vege, Dao W. Wang, Troy E. Rhodes, Alfred L. George, Peter J. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The hypothesis that some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) could be caused by long-QT syndrome (LQTS) has been supported by molecular studies. However, there are inadequate data regarding the true prevalence of mutations in arrhythmia-susceptibility genes among SIDS cases. Given the importance and potential implications of these observations, we performed a study to more accurately quantify the contribution to SIDS of LQTS gene mutations and rare variants. Methods and Results— Molecular screening of 7 genes ( KCNQ1 , KCNH2 , SCN5A , KCNE1 , KCNE2 , KCNJ2 , CAV3 ) associated with LQTS was performed with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and nucleotide sequencing of genomic DNA from 201 cases diagnosed as SIDS according to the Nordic Criteria, and from 182 infant and adult controls. All SIDS and control cases originated from the same regions in Norway. Genetic analysis was blinded to diagnosis. Mutations and rare variants were found in 26 of 201 cases (12.9%). On the basis of their functional effect, however, we considered 8 mutations and 7 rare variants found in 19 of 201 cases as likely contributors to sudden death (9.5%; 95% CI, 5.8 to 14.4%). Conclusions— We demonstrated that 9.5% of cases diagnosed as SIDS carry functionally significant genetic variants in LQTS genes. The present study demonstrates that sudden arrhythmic death is an important contributor to SIDS. As these variants likely modify ventricular repolarization and QT interval duration, our results support the debated concept that an ECG would probably identify most infants at risk for sudden death due to LQTS either in infancy or later on in life.
FDG PET and Gallium Scintigraphy for Diagnosis of An Advanced Jejunal Adenocarcinoma With Distant Metastases
Authors: Gengo Yamaura, Takashi Yoshioka, Kazuo Kubota, Keiichirou Yamaguchi, Ren Iwata, Tadayoshi Abe, Yasushi Kitagawa, Ryunosuke Kanamaru, Hiroshi Fukuda, Chikashi Ishioka
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

The authors report a case of jejunal adenocarcinoma with distant metastases for which FDG PET succeeded in detecting the primary lesion and metastatic deposits. There were metastatic lymph nodes in the thorax and abdomen, but the primary lesion was unknown. Gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy was useful for visualizing the metastases in the thorax, but imaging was limited by physiologic accumulation in the liver and intestine. FDG PET showed all the metastases and suggested the primary site. FDG PET appears to be helpful in the diagnosis of jejunal adenocarcinomas.
Flavopiridol Induces Cellular FLICE-Inhibitory Protein Degradation by the Proteasome and Promotes TRAIL–Induced Early Signaling and Apoptosis in Breast Tumor Cells
Authors: Carmen Palacios, Rosario Yerbes, Abelardo López-Rivas
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol is undergoing clinical trials as an antitumor drug. We show here that pretreatment of different human breast cancer cell lines with flavopiridol facilitates tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)–induced apoptosis. In breast tumor cells, apoptosis induction by TRAIL is blocked at the level of apical caspase-8 activation. Flavopiridol treatment enhances TRAIL-induced formation of death-inducing signaling complex and early processing of procaspase-8. Subsequently, a TRAIL-induced, mitochondria-operated pathway of apoptosis is activated in cells treated with flavopiridol. Down-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP; c-FLIPL and c-FLIPS) is observed on flavopiridol treatment. c-FLIP loss and apoptosis sensitization by flavopiridol are both prevented in cells treated with an inhibitor of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, targeting c-FLIP directly with small interfering RNA oligonucleotides also sensitizes various human breast tumor cell lines to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that flavopiridol sensitizes breast cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by facilitating early events in the apoptotic pathway, and this combination treatment could be regarded as a potential therapeutic tool against breast tumors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8858-69)
Effects of human lung fibroblasts on eosinophil degranulation*
Authors: S. Takafuji, Y. Miyakuni, T. Nakagawa, S. Shoji, S. Murata, K. Yamamoto, K. Ito
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Although eosinophils and fibroblasts are thought to contribute to the mechanisms of chronic asthmatic inflammation, the interaction between eosinophils and fibroblasts has not been thoroughly clarified. We examined eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release from human eosinophils cultured in the presence of human lung fibroblast HFL-1.Eosinophils from healthy donors were cultured with or without C5a for 16 h in the presence of human fetal lung fibroblasts which had previously been incubated with or without TNF for 4 h. ECP in supernatants was measured by RIA.ECP release was potentiated only when both eosinophils and fibroblasts were activated by C5a and TNF, respectively, while it was not significantly potentiated when either eosinophils or fibroblasts were activated. Paraformaldehyde fixation of fibroblasts had some suppressive effect on ECP enhancement, and mAb against GM-CSF partly inhibited ECP enhancement. Coculture of eosinophils and fibroblasts with stimulus treatment resulted in the enhancement of both eosinophil adhesion and ECP release. The potentiation of ECP release was partially inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 mAb, anti-CD18 mAb, and anti-CD29 mAb, which caused partial and comparable inhibition of the enhancement of eosinophil adhesion.This study suggests that the activation of fibroblasts may have some role in the potentiation of ECP release from cocultured eosinophils, and that adhesion of eosinophils to fibroblasts may partly be involved in the mechanism of ECP potentiation.
Some Thoughts on the Management of Inebriety.
Authors: Charles D. Mills
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Mayville, Ohio, May 16, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the face of the knowledge we have of alcoholism, through the investigations of Norman Kerr and others whose opinions we have reason to respect, a recent editorial in the<i>Medical Record</i>and contributions with a similar trend in various journals are a little surprising. Although the domain of the physician is not the teaching of ethics, he is not true to his high calling who advocates that which, to a mind imbued with the first principles of altruism, is impossible and irrational. If it were practicable, I wish Dr. Bowditch could obtain the number of those who, contemporaneous with the "leading men" embraced in his statistic report, have made wrecks of life and fortune by making the effort to be occasional drinkers or regular moderate drinkers. And it would be interesting to know how many of his "leading men" have sclerotic
Breaking bad news
Authors: S. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Lady on low fat diet to waiter: “How do you prepare the chicken?” Waiter: “We give it to them straight, madam. We tell them: ‘You're going to die.’”

> The GP said something about motor neurone disease as she left. Or had I misheard? 

Early in 2000, I noticed a change in my speaking voice. First it went deeper, then hoarser, and then it lapsed into a croak. Gradually it became worse, began to slur, and even occasionally to fail me altogether.

I started on a round of doctors, ending up, at my request, with a neurologist who located a problem in my tongue. He was circumspect and parried all my questions but did not discount my fears. He ordered a lot more tests, the last a lumbar puncture. Each time I toiled up to that hospital, I was wondering if I would hear the diagnosis I most feared, the one I had described to my general practitioner as “the worst scenario.”

Is waiting the hardest time of all? I think so now and I thought so then. Whatever …
Coarctation of the aorta in the newborn
Authors: M. Punukollu, A. Harnden, R. Tulloh
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and even more so in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The affective/vegetative NPS cluster model (sleep disorders, depression, appetite changes, anxiety, and apathy) has been associated with an increased risk of dementia in patients with MCI and these five NPS have common neuroanatomical associations. Hence, in this study, we examined how brain morphology is influenced by the severity of affective/vegetative NPS across different stages of cognitive performance. <h3>Participants</h3> 175 AD, 367 MCI and 223 cognitively normal (CN) participants. <h3>Setting</h3> Participants were recruited at multiple centers in North America included in the ADNI project. <h3>Design</h3> A GLM was established to test for intergroup differences (CN -MCI, CN-AD, AD-MCI) of the effects of the five NPS on brain structures. A regression model was also performed to show slope directionality of the regions of interest as NPS severity increases. <h3>Measurements</h3> 3T MRI data (cortical volumes, areas and thickness) and severity scores of the five NPS. <h3>Results</h3> Associations within AD were predominantly stronger compared to MCI. Increased severity of sleep disorders and appetite changes were associated with a decrease in frontal surface areas in AD. Furthermore, increased severity of all NPS (except apathy) were associated with changes in the temporal regions, predominantly with decreased volumes and surface areas. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings show the implication of fronto-temporal regions with sleep disorders, depression and appetite changes, and contribute to a better understanding of brain morphological differences between CN, MCI and AD with respect to all five NPS.
There is no clear association between low serum ferritin and chronic diffuse telogen hair loss: reply from authors
Authors: R. Sinclair
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article There is no clear association between low serum ferritin and chronic diffuse telogen hair loss: reply from authors Get access R. Sinclair R. Sinclair University of Melbourne, Department of Dermatology, St Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia E‐mail: sinclair@svhm.org.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Page 1284, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05375.x Published: 01 June 2003
Reversible neurological causes of tennis elbow.
Authors: J D Mitchell, D M Reid
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Captopril Serum Serum daily dose Blood pressure Weight creatinine urea Other drugs taken during (mg) (mm Hg) (kg) (,umol/l) (mmol/l) treatment with captopril Intravenous urography Aortography Case 1 (man aged 53): Before captopril 210/84 75-5 143 6 6 Atenolol 50 mg, Right: contracted kidney Right: renal artery occluded Captopril (1) 75 182/88 73 5 306 17-1 hydrochlorothiazide 50 Left: normal size; at origin Captopril (2) 150 180/90 727 372 194 mg, triamterene 100 mg persistent nephrogram Left: tight stenosis of Captopril withdrawn 180/84 72 0 156 7-2 renal artery Case 2 (woman aged 68): Before captopril 195/100 51-0 188 6-7 Atenolol 50 mg, frusemide Right: end stage kidney Massive aortic aneurysm Captopril 25 195/100 52-0 456 31 6 80 mg, hydralazine Left: normal kidney causing left renal artery Captopril withdrawn 170/90 53 0 147 12 4 200 mg stenosis; right renal artery not seen Case 3 (man aged 61): Before captopril 200/100 66-0 219 14-9 Methyldopa 750 mg, Right: normal Right renal artery stenosis Captopril 25 170/90 67-0 411 30 5 frusemide 250 mg, Left: resected 5 mm from origin Captopril withdrawn 170/90 66 5 203 16-2 minoxidil 25 mg, prazosin 10 mgConversion: SI to traditional units-Creatinine: 1 ,umol/l 11 3 ,ug/100 ml.Urea: 1 mmol/l 6 mg/100 ml.bypass graft in 1981, and left ventricular failure in 1982.He smoked 20 cigarettes a day.The most recent blood pressure measurement was 170/82 mm Hg, when he was taking atenolol 50 mg, frusemide 120 mg, and minoxidil 40 mg daily with no deterioration in renal function.Case 2-This woman had a non-functioning right kidney and an abdominal aortic aneurysm affecting the renal vessels (shown by ultrasonography).The most recent measurement of blood pressure, recorded in the outpatient department, was 160/68 mm Hg, with no deterioration in renal function.She was taking atenolol 100 mg, frusemide 120 mg, hydralazine 200 mg, and prazosin 6 mg daily.Case 3-This exsmoker had had an aortoiliac graft and left nephrectomy in 1979, amaurosis fugax in 1981, and left ventricular failure in 1982.His blood pressure has been controlled, on an outpatient basis, at 166/72 mm Hg.He was taking methyldopa 750 mg, frusemide 500 mg, spironolactone 100 mg, minoxidil 25 mg, nifedipine 60 mg, and prazosin 20 mg daily and had a slightly increased serum creatinine concentration (320 t4mol/l (3-6 mg/100 ml)) in association with a 2 kg weight loss reflecting some dehydration.
Mind the gaps—advancing research into short-term and long-term neuropsychological outcomes of youth sports-related concussions
Authors: Aaron J. Carman, Rennie Ferguson, Robert Cantu, R. Dawn Comstock, Penny A. Dacks, Steven T. DeKosky, Sam Gandy, James Gilbert, Chad Gilliland, Gerard Gioia, Christopher Giza, Michael Greicius, Brian Hainline, Ronald L. Hayes, James Hendrix, Barry Jordan, James Kovach, Rachel F. Lane, Rebekah Mannix, Thomas Murray, Tad Seifert, Diana W. Shineman, Eric Warren, Elisabeth Wilde, Huntington Willard, Howard M. Fillit
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2015)

Sports-related concussion is increasingly recognized as a potential danger to paediatric populations, but its short-term and long-term consequences remain poorly understood. This Expert Consensus Document is the result of a 1-day meeting convened by Safe Kids Worldwide, the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, and the Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, with the aim of highlighting knowledge gaps and areas of critically needed research in youth sports-related concussion. Sports-related concussions and repetitive subconcussive exposure are increasingly recognized as potential dangers to paediatric populations, but much remains unknown about the short-term and long-term consequences of these events, including potential cognitive impairment and risk of later-life dementia. This Expert Consensus Document is the result of a 1-day meeting convened by Safe Kids Worldwide, the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, and the Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. The goal is to highlight knowledge gaps and areas of critically needed research in the areas of concussion science, dementia, genetics, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, neuroimaging, sports injury surveillance, and information sharing. For each of these areas, we propose clear and achievable paths to improve the understanding, treatment and prevention of youth sports-related concussions.
Fas involvement in Ca(2+)-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Authors: E Rouvier, M F Luciani, P Golstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity remain poorly defined at the molecular level. To investigate some of these mechanisms, we used as target cells, on the one hand, thymocytes from lpr and gld mouse mutants, and on the other hand, L1210 cells transfected or not with the apoptosis-inducing Fas molecule. These independent mutant or transfectant-based approaches both led to the conclusion that Fas was involved in the Ca(2+)-independent component of cytotoxicity mediated by at least two sources of T cells, namely nonantigen-specific in vitro activated hybridoma cells, and antigen-specific in vivo raised peritoneal exudate lymphocytes. Thus, in these cases, T cell-mediated cytotoxicity involved transduction via Fas of the target cell death signal.
Contamination of Environmental Surfaces With<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in Households With Children Infected With Methicillin-Resistant<i>S aureus</i>
Authors: Stephanie A. Fritz, Patrick G. Hogan, Lauren N. Singh, Ryley M. Thompson, Meghan A. Wallace, Krista Whitney, Duha Al-Zubeidi, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Victoria J. Fraser
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Household environmental surfaces may serve as vectors for the acquisition and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among household members, although few studies have evaluated which objects are important reservoirs of MRSA.To determine the prevalence of environmental MRSA contamination in households of children with MRSA infection; define the molecular epidemiology of environmental, pet, and human MRSA strains within households; and identify factors associated with household MRSA contamination.Fifty children with active or recent culture-positive community-associated MRSA infection were enrolled from 2012 to 2013 at St Louis Children's Hospital and at community pediatric practices affiliated with the Washington University Pediatric and Adolescent Ambulatory Research Consortium in St Louis, Missouri.Samples of participants' nares, axillae, and inguinal folds were cultured to detect S aureus colonization. Samples of 21 household environmental surfaces, as well as samples obtained from pet dogs and cats, were cultured. Molecular typing of S aureus strains was performed by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction to determine strain relatedness within households.Methicillin-resistant S aureus was recovered from samples of environmental surfaces in 23 of the 50 households (46%), most frequently from the participant's bed linens (18%), television remote control (16%), and bathroom hand towel (15%). It colonized 12% of dogs and 7% of cats. At least 1 surface was contaminated with a strain type matching the participant's isolate in 20 households (40%). Participants colonized with S aureus had a higher mean (SD) proportion of MRSA-contaminated surfaces (0.15 [0.17]) than noncolonized participants (0.03 [0.06]; mean difference, 0.12 [95% CI, 0.05-0.20]). A greater number of individuals per 1000 ft 2 (93 m2) were also associated with a higher proportion of MRSA-contaminated surfaces (β = 0.34, P = .03). The frequency of cleaning household surfaces was not associated with S aureus environmental contamination.Methicillin-resistant S aureus strains concordant with infecting and colonizing strains are present on commonly handled household surfaces, a factor that likely perpetuates MRSA transmission and recurrent disease. Future studies are needed to determine methods to eradicate environmental contamination and prevent MRSA transmission in households.
Pneumococcal vaccine and splenectomy.
Authors: H M Daly
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Coupled with the editorial by Tony Noble arguing against the routine postnatal examination at six weeks,5 this concern about initiating contra- ception before the earliest likely ovulation suggests that the optimum time for a routine postnatal appointment is at or just before four weeks.This should be seen as a safety net for contraception, since the subject is much better raised during the third trimester, at around 30 weeks' gestation, and discussed again with the woman during the post- partum home visit at around 10 days.I have suggested to both the Royal College of Obstetri- cians and Gynaecologists and the Royal College of General Practitioners that these recommendations should be discussed with a view to becoming the colleges' official policy.
Points: Non-mydriatic fundus photography in detection of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: R E J Ryder
Journal: BMJ (1987)

SIR,-On 1 December Dr Ribeiro, a general practitioner in South Africa, and his wife were shot dead in their home by armed men in disguise.Dr Ribeiro was well known in South Africa for his work on the torture of children by the South African police and army.Earlier this year Dr Ribeiro and his family had a miraculous escape after their home was attacked and destroyed by arsonists.The letter by a group of doctors
Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. 4. Pleomorphism.
Authors: M E Josephson, L N Horowitz, A Farshidi, S R Spielman, E L Michelson, A M Greenspan
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Two or more morphologically distinct ventricular tachycardias were observed during electrophysiologic study in 14 patients with chronic sustained ventricular tachycardia. Nine of these patients had clinical ventricular tachycardia with multiple morphologies. During the study 13 patients manifested both right bundle branch block (RBBB) and left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphologies. The remaining patient had RBBB with both right and left axis deviation. Changing morphologies were observed spontaneously in four patients and could be produced in all 14 by ventricular stimulation. In 12 patients both RBBB and LBBB originated in the left ventricle, and in 11 of these patients, from within a left ventricular aneurysm. Diastolic fragmented activity representing reentry was unchanged during both morphologies in four patients and during one morphology in five patients. Epicardial mapping confirmed the aneurysm as the site of origin of multiform ventricular tachycardias in two patients. Our data suggest that 1) ventricular tachycardia is frequently pleomorphic; 2) multiple morphologies usually represent variable exit sites and/or ventricular activation during the same tachycardia; and 3) there is a frequent association of pleomorphic ventricular tachycardia with left ventricle aneurysm.
Effect of iodinated water soluble contrast media on urinary protein assays.
Authors: S. K. Morcos, A. M. el-Nahas, P. Brown, J. Haylor
Journal: BMJ (1992)

We report a case of acute renal failure secondary to ingestion of ecstasy (methylenedioxymethamphetamine, MDMA).On the night before admission a 23 year old man had attended an "all night rave" and taken three tablets of ecstasy.Six hours later he was admitted unconscious after a convul- sion.On examination he was semiconscious with a temperature of40°C.He had a blood pressure of 120/60 mm Hg and a sinus tachycardia of 120 beats/min.Pupils were dilated and reacted sluggishly to light.Preliminary investigations revealed a haemoglobin concentration of 128 g/l, white cell count 8 8 x 10'/1, platelet count 19x 109/, blood urea 9-1 mmol/l.Clotting screen showed: international normalised ratio (INR) 1-9, fibrinogen 1-8 g/l (normal 2-0- 4-5), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) 46 (25-33) s.Toxicology screen showed serum concentrations ofMDMA (ecstasy) of 0-2 mg/l and of amphetamine of 0-1 mg/l (values of 30-2 mg/l are associated with serious toxicity).