tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Taking Exception to a Book Review
Authors: Alfred P. Ingegno
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 December 1993Taking Exception to a Book ReviewAlfred P. Ingegno, MDAlfred P. Ingegno, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-12-199312150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Stewart Rogers' critique of my book Shared Legacy [1] demands reply. The novel tells of soon-to-be-married Sharyn who donates blood and finds she has been innocently betrayed and infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). She and those whose lives touch hers contend in fictional terms with their dilemmas. Accurate, unobtrusive allusions are made to HIV infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the book includes no disquisition on AIDS as illness and social calamity. This seems to outrage Rogers.Almost everything he says about the book is shamefully snide: Sharyn donates blood like a good ...References1. Rogers S. Review of Shared Legacy. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 174-5. Google Scholar2. Blackman NS. Shared Legacy: Book Rev. Bull. MSCK September-October 1992. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 12Page: 1224-1225KeywordsAIDSBloodFallsHIVHIV infectionsHomicideTouch ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
1042 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA REPLICATING HEPATITIS B VIRUS HAVE TRANSCRIPTOMIC, HISTOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: B. Halgand, G. Fallot, L. Riviere, M. Sebagh, M.-A. Buendia, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, M. Gigou, C. Desterke, C. Neuveut, D. Samuel, C. Feray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
New Device for Endoscopic Cystoenterostomy
Authors: M. Cremer, J. Devière, M. Baize, Celso Matos
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

A new device for endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts is described. It aims to provide improved safety and ease of performance of endoscopic cystoenterostomy, even in difficult cases of massive compression of the intestinal wall with upper gastrointestinal obstruction. In this preliminary report, nine patients have been treated without complication.
Measurement of microvascular permeability to small solutes in man: limitations of the technique
Authors: A M Peters
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to evaluate the limitation on the measurement of the clearance rate of a small solute, 99mTc DTPA, from intravascular to extravascular spaces imposed by diffusion of the solute back into blood during the period of measurement.The technique for measuring clearance also generates the regional plasma volume from which the solute is cleared. Back diffusion would result in an overestimation of this plasma volume. By applying the same technique to 99mTc labelled human serum albumin, which is not cleared over the period of measurement, a separate estimate of plasma volume can be made.The subjects were eight patients undergoing routine 99mTc DTPA renography for suspected outflow obstruction.The ratio of plasma volumes based respectively on 99mTc DTPA and human serum albumin in a region of interest below the kidney was 1.04 (SD 0.09). The technique requires a region of interest over the cardiac blood pool from which the blood level of 99mTc DTPA is continuously monitored. When a correction was made for extravascular 99mTc DTPA in this cardiac region of interest, the ratio was unchanged: 0.97 (0.12).The technique is capable of measuring the clearance of 99mTc DTPA although, because of its small molecular size, the transfer rate is blood flow dependent, ie, its PS product is greater than its clearance.
CD137 (4–1BB) Deficiency Reduces Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Hyung Jun Jeon, Jae-Hoon Choi, In-Hyuk Jung, Jong-Gil Park, Mi-Ran Lee, Mi-Ni Lee, Bora Kim, Ji-Young Yoo, Se-Jin Jeong, Dae-Yong Kim, Jeong Euy Park, Hyun-Young Park, KyuBum Kwack, Beom Kyu Choi, Byoung S. Kwon, Goo Taeg Oh
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— The tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which includes CD40, LIGHT, and OX40, plays important roles in atherosclerosis. CD137 (4-1BB), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been reported to be expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions. However, limited information is available on the precise role of CD137 in atherosclerosis and the effects of blocking CD137/CD137 ligand signaling on lesion formation. Methods and Results— We generated CD137-deficient apolipoprotein E–knockout mice ( ApoE −/− CD137 −/− ) and LDL-receptor–knockout mice ( Ldlr −/− CD137 −/− ) to investigate the role of CD137 in atherogenesis. The deficiency of CD137 induced a reduction in atherosclerotic plaque lesions in both atherosclerosis mouse models, which was attributed to the downregulation of cytokines such as interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α. CD137 signaling promoted the production of inflammatory molecules, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, in endothelial cells. Stimulation of CD137 ligand signaling activated monocytes/macrophages and augmented the production of proinflammatory cytokines in atherosclerotic vessels. Conclusions— CD137/CD137 ligand signaling plays multiple roles in the progression of atherosclerosis, and thus, blockade of this pathway is a promising therapeutic target for the disease.
Why is this patient here today?
Authors: Frank Sullivan, Jeremy C Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Defining the reason for a patient's consultation may seem straightforward, but often deeper consideration is required. Information tools are less important in this phase of the consultation than other phases, but may augment the interpersonal skills of the doctor. At this early stage an open question like “How can I help you today?” and attention to non-verbal cues are more likely to be productive than launching into a closed question and answer session.

If the doctor knows Mr Evans (see box opposite), he will already have noticed the sad expression on the patient's face when he went to the waiting room to call him in to the consultation. The slow, hesitant speech with which Mr Evans talks of his headache is another item of non-verbal information indicating a possible diagnosis of depression.

Mr Evans has come to see his general practitioner (GP) because of headaches, sleep disturbance, and sexual difficulties. These problems need to be considered in detail. The symptoms are common in general practice, and most experienced doctors and nurse practitioners will have an approach to assessment with which they are comfortable. Experienced doctors use hypothetico-deductive reasoning methods when assessing patients' problems. An initial clinical feature, headache perhaps, prompts a doctor to recall an “illness script” derived from his or her experience and education that seems to explain a patient's problems. The doctor hypothesises that the diagnosis is, in this case, possibly depression, and tests this hypothesis by asking further questions, examining the patient, or doing laboratory tests to confirm or rule out the diagnosis.



The hypothetico-deductive process used by skilled decision makers when assessing patients



Less experienced doctors may use a or, when an unusual presentation occurs, they may return to inductive reasoning learnt as an undergraduate or trainee. This more exhaustive process involves taking a complete history, …
Lupeol Suppresses Cisplatin-Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Inhibits Local Invasion and Nodal Metastasis in an Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model
Authors: Terence K. Lee, Ronnie T.P. Poon, Jana Y. Wo, Stephanie Ma, Xin-Yuan Guan, Jeffrey N. Myers, Peter Altevogt, Anthony P.W. Yuen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract A poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients is commonly associated with the presence of regional metastasis. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy concurrent with radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of locally advanced HNSCC. However, the result is dismal due to common acquisition of chemoresistance and radioresistance. Epidemiologic studies have shown the importance of dietary substances in the prevention of HNSCC. Here, we found that lupeol, a triterpene found in fruits and vegetables, selectively induced substantial HNSCC cell death but exhibited only a minimal effect on a normal tongue fibroblast cell line in vitro. Down-regulation of NF-κB was identified as the major mechanism of the anticancer properties of lupeol against HNSCC. Lupeol alone was not only found to suppress tumor growth but also to impair HNSCC cell invasion by reversal of the NF-κB–dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Lupeol exerted a synergistic effect with cisplatin, resulting in chemosensitization of HNSCC cell lines with high NF-κB activity in vitro. In in vivo studies, using an orthotopic metastatic nude mouse model of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, lupeol at a dose of 2 mg/animal dramatically decreased tumor volume and suppressed local metastasis, which was more effective than cisplatin alone. Lupeol exerted a significant synergistic cytotoxic effect when combined with low-dose cisplatin without side effects. Our results suggest that lupeol may be an effective agent either alone or in combination for treatment of advanced tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(18):8800–9]
Blood Pressure Changes Following Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Other Forms of Treatment for Nephrolithiasis
Authors: J E Lingeman, J R Woods, P D Toth
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Hypertension has been reported as a possible sequela of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). To evaluate this issue as well as the risk of hypertension following other current non-ESWL treatment options for urolithiasis (percutaneous nephrostolithotomy [PCNL], combined PCNL and ESWL, ureteroscopy, and spontaneous stone passage), detailed blood pressure measurements were made in 961 patients at least 1 year after treatment. All follow-up blood pressures were measured with random-zero blood pressure devices. This study includes 731 patients who received ESWL only (with an unmodified lithotriptor), 171 patients treated with ureteroscopy or spontaneous stone passage (control subjects), 25 patients who received PCNL only, and 34 patients treated with both ESWL and PCNL. In patients who received ESWL only, the annualized incidence of hypertension (2.4%) did not differ significantly from that in control patients (4.0%). Among patients who received ESWL, no correlation was found between the incidence of hypertension and unilateral vs bilateral treatments, the number of shock waves administered, the kilovoltage applied, or the power (number of shock waves times kilovoltage). However, there was a significant rise in diastolic blood pressure after treatment with ESWL (0.78 mm Hg), but not in the control group (—0.88 mm Hg). The long-term significance of this change in diastolic blood pressure following ESWL is unknown and requires further study. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1789-1794)
Gallbladder Ejection Fraction
Authors: ALAN SIEGEL, J. CHRISTOPHER KUHN, HARTE CROW, STEPHEN HOLTZMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Purpose The assessment of gallbladder function and ejection fraction using sincalide-enhanced biliary scintigraphy is a useful way to evaluate patients with recurrent right upper quadrant pain but no gallstones. Materials and Methods We wanted to determine whether gallbladder contraction measured by ultrasonography could be used in place of biliary scintigraphy. Biliary scans with an infusion of sincalide and concurrent ultrasonography were performed in 17 patients with histories of recurrent abdominal pain and no evidence of gallstones by ultrasound. Results Gallbladder ejection fractions calculated by ultrasound and scintigraphy using standard techniques showed only a weak correlation. The poor performance of ultrasound appears to arise because the variable shape of the gallbladder invalidates the calculation of its volume by the formula for a prolate spheroid. When gallbladders that were ellipsoidal were subselected, correlation was improved. The level of training of the sonologist did not have a significant effect on the results. Conclusion Gallbladder ejection fraction calculated by ultrasonography cannot be used routinely as a substitute for biliary scintigraphy.
THE PRINCIPLES CONTROLLING THE NON-OPERATIVE INTERFERENCE IN HETEROPHORIA.
Authors: S. C. AYRES
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The question involved in the principles controlling the non-operative interference in heterophoria is so complex and comprehensive that it would naturally be the subject for many papers, and an attempt to cover it all would be a disappointment and an impossibility in the limited time allowed. I need not tell this audience of the innumerable possibilities which may occur in a pair of eyes with their extrinsic and intrinsic muscles out of gear, of the influence of age, temperament, health, mental and physical development, of the influences of domestic and business environment, and of the often vicious effects of school life, of the inexorable law of heredity or of the inherent weakness of the ocular muscles, of the numerous and complicated anomalies of refraction, of the influence of bad light and too much light, of the influence of the various trades and occupations—I need not tell you of these things,
Demyelination of the brain is associated with methionine adenosyltransferase I/III deficiency.
Authors: M E Chamberlin, T Ubagai, S H Mudd, W G Wilson, J V Leonard, J Y Chou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Individuals deficient in hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity (MAT I/III deficiency) have been demonstrated to contain mutations in the gene (MATA1) that encodes the major hepatic forms, MAT I and III. MAT I/III deficiency is characterized by isolated persistent hypermethioninemia and, in some cases, unusual breath odor. Most individuals with isolated hypermethioninemia have been free of major clinical difficulties. Therefore a definitive diagnosis of MAT I/III deficiency, which requires hepatic biopsy, is not routinely made. However, two individuals with isolated hypermethioninemia have developed abnormal neurological problems, including brain demyelination, suggesting that MAT I/III deficiency can be deleterious. In the present study we have examined the MATA1 gene of eight hypermethioninemic individuals, including the two with demyelination of the brain. Mutations that abolish or reduce the MAT activity were detected in the MATA1 gene of all eight individuals. Both patients with demyelination are homozygous for mutations that alter the reading frame of the encoded protein such that the predicted MATalpha1 subunits are truncated and enzymatically inactive. The product of MAT, S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), is the major methyl donor for a large number of biologically important compounds including the two major myelin phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Both are synthesized primarily in the liver. Our findings demonstrate that isolated persistent hypermethioninemia is a marker of MAT I/III deficiency, and that complete lack of MAT I/III activity can lead to neurological abnormalities. Therefore, a DNA-based diagnosis should be performed for individuals with isolated hypermethioninemia to assess if therapy aimed at the prevention of neurological manifestations is warranted.
Comparison of pediatric and adolescent rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life with pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaires
Authors: JM Curtin-Brosnan, RA Wood, KA Callahan, LJ Swartz, S Kanchanaraksa, Peyton A Eggleston, CS Rand, MR Steely
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Functional Capillary Beds in the Beating, KCl-Arrested and KCl-Arrested-Perfused Myocardium of the Dog
Authors: S. R. M. REYNOLDS, M. KIRSCH, R. J. BING
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Dog hearts were taken without loss of blood under 3 different conditions: (1) normally beating hearts, (2) hearts that were arrested by potassium chloride for varying lengths of time and (3) potassium chloride-arrested hearts that were reperfused with blood after varying lengths of time. In normal hearts counts of open capillaries containing erythrocytes showed a uniform distribution throughout the right myocardium and a gradient decreasing from the epicardium toward the endocardium in the left myocardium. Potassium chloride-arrested hearts showed a reverse gradient in the left myocardium. In normal hearts, erythrocytes are oriented in capillaries so that their flat sides lie against the nearest myocardial cell. In the arrested hearts, one sees few or no erythrocytes with this orientation. The erythrocytes in the arrested hearts are swollen, rounded, or packed in clumps in the capillaries. Arrested hearts exhibit a weakening of the connective tissue elements of the myocardium, evident upon fixation or on perfusion of the myocardium with blood. The weakening increases as the length of myocardial arrest increases.
FOLLICULAR MUCINOSIS A STUDY OF 47 PATIENTS
Authors: R. W. EMMERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. . Forty‐seven patients suffering from follicular mucinosis, collected over a period of 16 years from 1952 to 1968, have been studied in detail. Certain clinical and histological features of interest have been noted, and the natural history of the condition has been assessed in 40 patients. In one group the lesions cleared spontaneously within a few months; in a second group the condition pursued a chronic relapsing but benign course over several years, and in a third group the lesions appeared in association with an overt reticulosis. This association was observed in 8 patients, representing 17% of the total group, and in each case the reticulosis was recognizable clinically and histologically early in the illness. No instance of transition from follicular mucinosis to reticulosis was observed. It is concluded that neither the chronicity of the follicular mucinosis or the age of onset of the condition are of importance in determining the association with a reticulosis, which appears in all cases to run an independent course. Reticulosis was observed in only a proportion of those patients with extensive lesions, and was not seen in those in whom the lesions were limited to the head and neck. Recognition of those patients particularly at risk enables a more exact prognosis to be given to the individual case.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Novel Cancer Vaccine Vector to Prime Antitumor Immunity Amenable to Rapid Boosting With Adenovirus
Authors: Byram W Bridle, Jeanette E Boudreau, Brian D Lichty, Jérôme Brunellière, Kyle Stephenson, Sandeep Koshy, Jonathan L Bramson, Yonghong Wan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has proven to be an effective vaccine vector for immunization against viral infection, but its potential to induce an immune response to a self-tumor antigen has not been investigated. We constructed a recombinant VSV expressing human dopachrome tautomerase (hDCT) and evaluated its immunogenicity in a murine melanoma model. Intranasal delivery of VSV-hDCT activated both CD4+ and CD8+ DCT-specific T-cell responses. The magnitude of these responses could be significantly increased by booster immunization with recombinant adenovirus (Ad)-hDCT, which led to enhanced efficacy against B16-F10 melanoma in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Notably, the interval of VSV/Ad heterologous vaccination could be shortened to as few as 4 days, making it a potential regimen to rapidly expand antigen-specific effector cells. Furthermore, VSV-hDCT could increase DCT-specific T-cell responses primed by Ad-hDCT, suggesting VSV is efficient for both priming and boosting of the immune response against a self-tumor antigen. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has proven to be an effective vaccine vector for immunization against viral infection, but its potential to induce an immune response to a self-tumor antigen has not been investigated. We constructed a recombinant VSV expressing human dopachrome tautomerase (hDCT) and evaluated its immunogenicity in a murine melanoma model. Intranasal delivery of VSV-hDCT activated both CD4+ and CD8+ DCT-specific T-cell responses. The magnitude of these responses could be significantly increased by booster immunization with recombinant adenovirus (Ad)-hDCT, which led to enhanced efficacy against B16-F10 melanoma in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Notably, the interval of VSV/Ad heterologous vaccination could be shortened to as few as 4 days, making it a potential regimen to rapidly expand antigen-specific effector cells. Furthermore, VSV-hDCT could increase DCT-specific T-cell responses primed by Ad-hDCT, suggesting VSV is efficient for both priming and boosting of the immune response against a self-tumor antigen.
Early use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in patients with septic shock due to peritonitis: a multicenter randomized control trial
Authors: Didier M. Payen, Joelle Guilhot, Yoann Launey, Anne Claire Lukaszewicz, Mahmoud Kaaki, Benoit Veber, Julien Pottecher, Olivier Joannes-Boyau, Laurent Martin-Lefevre, Matthieu Jabaudon, Olivier Mimoz, Rémi Coudroy, Martine Ferrandière, Eric Kipnis, Carlos Vela, Stéphanie Chevallier, Jihad Mallat, René Robert
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)

To test whether the polymyxin B hemoperfusion (PMX HP) fiber column reduces mortality and organ failure in peritonitis-induced septic shock (SS) from abdominal infections. Prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in 18 French intensive care units from October 2010 to March 2013, enrolling 243 patients with SS within 12 h after emergency surgery for peritonitis related to organ perforation. The PMX HP group received conventional therapy plus two sessions of PMX HP. Primary outcome was mortality on day 28; secondary outcomes were mortality on day 90 and a reduction in the severity of organ failures based on Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores. Primary outcome: day 28 mortality in the PMX HP group (n = 119) was 27.7 versus 19.5 % in the conventional group (n = 113), p = 0.14 (OR 1.5872, 95 % CI 0.8583–2.935). Secondary endpoints: mortality rate at day 90 was 33.6 % in PMX-HP versus 24 % in conventional groups, p = 0.10 (OR 1.6128, 95 % CI 0.9067–2.8685); reduction in SOFA score from day 0 to day 7 was −5 (−11 to 6) in PMX-HP versus −5 (−11 to 9), p = 0.78. Comparable results were observed in the predefined subgroups (presence of comorbidity; adequacy of surgery, <2 sessions of hemoperfusion) and for SOFA reduction from day 0 to day 3. This multicenter randomized controlled study demonstrated a non-significant increase in mortality and no improvement in organ failure with PMX HP treatment compared to conventional treatment of peritonitis-induced SS.
James Sinclair Rennick Baxter
Authors: S. Baxter
Journal: BMJ (2009)

James Sinclair Rennick Baxter (“Rennie”) was in born in Canada while his Irish parents were living in Montreal. He attended Clifton College in Bristol, then went up to Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1954, followed by his clinical years at Charing Cross Hospital, London. He specialised in otolaryngology and took up his first …