tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of spontaneous resolution of rat liver fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and reduced hepatic expression of metalloproteinase inhibitors.
Authors: J P Iredale, R C Benyon, J Pickering, M McCullen, M Northrop, S Pawley, C Hovell, M J Arthur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Liver fibrosis results from the excessive secretion of matrix proteins by hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which proliferate during fibrotic liver injury. We have studied a model of spontaneous recovery from liver fibrosis to determine the biological mechanisms mediating resolution. Livers were harvested from rats at 0, 3, 7, and 28 d of spontaneous recovery from liver fibrosis induced by 4 wk of twice weekly intraperitoneal injections with CCl4. Hydroxyproline analysis and histology of liver sections indicated that the advanced septal fibrosis observed at time 0 (peak fibrosis) was remodeled over 28 d of recovery to levels close to control (untreated liver). alpha-Smooth muscle actin staining of liver sections demonstrated a 12-fold reduction in the number of activated HSC over the same time period with evidence of HSC apoptosis. Ribonuclease protection analysis of liver RNA extracted at each recovery time point demonstrated a rapid decrease in expression of the collagenase inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, whereas collagenase mRNA expression remained at levels comparable to peak fibrosis. Collagenase activity in liver homogenates increased through recovery. We suggest that apoptosis of activated HSC may vitally contribute to resolution of fibrosis by acting as a mechanism for removing the cell population responsible for both producing fibrotic neomatrix and protecting this matrix from degradation via their production of TIMPs.
Serum resistin is reduced by glucose and meal loading in healthy human subjects
Authors: Junko Yamauchi, Haruhiko Osawa, Tomomi Takasuka, Masaaki Ochi, Akiko Murakami, Wataru Nishida, Hiroshi Onuma, Yasunori Takata, Yasuharu Tabara, Tetsuro Miki, Jun Ohashi, Hideichi Makino
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Friedreich's Ataxia Combined with Diabetes Mellitus in Sisters
Authors: D. W. Ashby, P. S. Tweedy
Journal: BMJ (1953)

BRITISHin some patches the cells were still well preserved but had pyknotic nuclei; in some the cells were only just discern- ible; and in others the cells were lost, but the general architecture of the pituitary was still preserved (see Figs. 2, 3, and 4).It was thus obvious that the various patches of necrosis were not of the same age, though none was of snore than a few days' duration.In the brain, sections from the pons showed various degrees of degeneration of ganglion cells.A few appeared normal.Most showed moderate or severe chromatolysis up to complete loss of nuclei.Shrinkage of ganglion cells was a feature, most being surrounded by a clear zone.There was no evidence that glial proliferation had begun.In the liver, glycogen was increased, as was to be expected.Otherwise the histological appearances were normal.
Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids and Blood Cholesterol
Authors: Irwin H. Rosenberg, Ernst J. Schaefer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE report by Bonanome and Grundy in this issue of the Journal 1 demonstrates convincingly that a diet high in stearic acid (18 carbon atoms and no double bonds — 18:0) does not cause an elevation in plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, in distinct contrast to a diet high in palmitic acid (16:0). LDL cholesterol levels were lowest during a high-stearic-acid diet and not significantly higher during a high-oleic-acid diet (18:1), but were 21 percent higher during a high-palmitic-acid diet. These findings extend earlier reports by Ahrens,2 Keys,3 Hegsted,4 and their colleagues, in which only total blood cholesterol was . . .
X-Ray CT and Magnetic Resonance Imagers
Authors: Earl P. Steinberg, Jane E. Sisk, Katherine E. Locke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an exciting new diagnostic method that over the past several years has shown signs of generating interest among both physicians and investment bankers that is reminiscent of the "CAT fever" induced by the introduction of x-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners a decade ago.1 Despite the clinical potential of MR imaging, however, veteran observers have predicted that it will not spread as rapidly in the United States as CT scanners did in the 1970s.2 As an outgrowth of an effort to evaluate the impact federal policies are having on the medical-devices industry,3 we undertook a survey . . .
Reduced Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor–Associated Death Domain Expression Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Diping Wang, R. Bruce Montgomery, Lucy J. Schmidt, Elahe A. Mostaghel, Haojie Huang, Peter S. Nelson, Donald J. Tindall
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

By using LNCaP and its derivative cell lines, we first observed an association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) resistance and hormone independence. Moreover, we found that the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) was reduced in androgen deprivation-independent cells compared with that in androgen deprivation-dependent cells. TRADD is a crucial transducer for TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Knocking down TRADD expression in LNCaP cells impaired TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and androgen receptor repression, whereas overexpression of TRADD in C4-2B cells restored their sensitivity to TNF-alpha. Finally, we found that androgen deprivation reduces TRADD expression in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that androgen deprivation therapy may promote the development of TNF-alpha resistance by reducing TRADD expression during prostate cancer progression.
Intramuscular Iron in Infancy
Authors: W. Gaisford, R. F. Jennison
Journal: BMJ (1955)

TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS equal numbers at risk, four in each group were in remission six on cortisorife and five on aspirin were " very active," 14 on cortisone and 13 on aspirin were regarded as capablc of doing their usual work and of taking normal physical recreation, nine on cortisone were still gravely incapacitatec and seven on aspirin (including here the two unsuccessful cases lost to sight in the first year).As at the end of one year the two groups retain their equality. SummaryA further report is made on 61 patients who were allocated at random to treatment with either cortisone (30 cases) or aspirin (31 cases) while they were still in the early stages of rheumatoid arthritis.In their second year of therapy treatment with one or other agent has been continuous, and " individualized " by the physician in charge of the patient to meet each patient's needs.At approximately the end of two years of treatment 58 of the original 61 patients have been reassessed clini- cally, submitted to some simple objective tests, had xray films taken of their hands and feet, and had their haemoglobin levels and blood sedimentation rates measured.In no respect do the two groups differ by more than might easily be due to chance, and in most respects they are distinguished more by their equalities than by their differences.At the end of two years, therefore, as previously reported at the end of one year, it appears that for practical purposes there has been remarkably little to choose between cortisone and aspirin in the management of this group of patients.
Distribution and Categorization of Echocardiographic Measurements in Relation to Reference Limits
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Jane C. Evans, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Despite widespread categorization of echocardiographic measurements, there are no standardized guidelines for partitioning values exceeding reference limits. Methods and Results We used regression analyses to develop sex- and height-specific reference limits for cardiac M-mode measurements (left ventricular [LV] mass, LV wall thickness, and LV and left atrial dimensions) in a healthy reference sample (n=1099) from the Framingham Heart Study. We then examined the distribution of measurements in a broad sample (n=4957) and classified the measurements according to increasing deviation from the height- and sex-specific reference limits and the 95th, 98th, and 99th percentile values for the broad sample (categories 0 through 4, respectively). To validate the categorization scheme, we used multivariable proportional-hazards regression to assess the relations of LV mass and LV wall thickness categories to risk of cardiovascular events and the relations of left atrial size to risk of atrial fibrillation. During a mean follow-up period of 7.7 years, 587 subjects developed new cardiovascular disease events, and 166 subjects developed new-onset atrial fibrillation. After adjustment for known risk factors, there was a 1.2- and 1.3-fold risk of cardiovascular disease events per category of LV wall thickness and LV mass, respectively, and a 1.6-fold risk of atrial fibrillation per category of left atrial size. Conclusions Using a large community-based study sample, we propose a classification scheme that provides a standardized and validated framework for partitioning echocardiographic measurements. If adopted, the categorization scheme should promote uniformity in describing measurements among echocardiographic laboratories and enhance the comprehensibility of measurements to clinicians.
Esophageal Ulcers in AIDS
Authors: C. Mel Wilcox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 May 1996Esophageal Ulcers in AIDSC. Mel Wilcox, MDC. Mel Wilcox, MDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL 35294Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-10-199605150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The letters by Couderc and associates and Domingo and colleagues reflect the growing clinical experience with thalidomide for the treatment of HIV-associated idiopathic (aphthous) oropharyngeal and esophageal ulcers. Because this agent is not widely available in the United States, published studies to date have been from investigators in Europe and Australia [1]. Our preliminary experience with this drug has been encouraging [2] and is similar to that described by Couderc and associates and by Domingo and colleagues. As with most disorders related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, relapse is common; however, data are insufficient to suggest that the ...References1. Patterson DL, Georghiou PR, Allworth AM, Kemp RJ. Thalidomide as treatment of refractory aphthous ulceration related to human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1995; 20:250-4. Google Scholar2. Wilcox CM, Alexander LN. Prospective evaluation of thalidomide for the treatment of human immunodeficiency (HIV)-associated idiopathic esophageal ulcers: a US experience [Abstract]. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995; 90:1574. Google Scholar3. Sathe SS, Sarai A, Tsigler D, Nedunchezian D. Pentoxifylline aggravates impairment in tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and increases mycobacterial load in macrophages from AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection. J Infect Dis. 1994; 170:484-7. Google Scholar4. Sampaio EP, Sarno EN, Galilly R, Cohn ZA, Kaplan G. Thalidomide selectively inhibits tumor necrosis factor α production by stimulated human monocytes. J Exp Med. 1991; 173:699-703. Google Scholar5. Dezube BJ, Lederman MM, Spritzler JG, et al. High-dose pentoxifylline in patients with AIDS: inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production. J Infect Dis. 1995; 171:1628-32. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL 35294 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1996Volume 124, Issue 10Page: 928-929KeywordsAIDSDrugsFetusesLesionsOpportunistic infectionsTumor necrosis factorUlcers Issue Published: 15 May 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Autonomic Hyperreflexia in Urologic Surgery
Authors: Robert M. Nieder
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Patients with cervical or high thoracic cord lesions frequently develop autonomic hyperreflexia during urologic procedures. The resulting severe hypertension may increase the danger of cerebral vascular accidents and cardiovascular derangement. Frequent monitoring of blood pressure is essential, and the hyperreflexia may be treated satisfactorily with ganglionic blocking agents.  Sympatholytic agents have been ineffective. Prophylactic spinal or epidural anesthesia are alternative methods of abolishing this reflex.
304. Therapeutic Efficacy of a Mesothelin Promoter-Based Conditionally Replicative Adenovirus Monitored by In Vivo Imaging of an Ovarian Cancer Model
Authors: Yuko Tsuruta, Larisa Pereboeva, Martina Breidenbach, Daniel T. Rein, Masaharu Nakayama, Gene P. Siegal, David T. Curiel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Although a number of advances in ovarian cancer treatment have occurred in the last decade, most patients will experience a recurrence after standard surgical and chemotherapeutic approaches. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are necessary for ovarian cancer. Recently, virotherapy has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for many kinds of malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) contains tumor- specific promoters that restrict virus replication to cancer cells and has shown particular promise as oncolytic viral agents. However, the lack of a tumor-volume monitoring system hinders the evaluation of CRAd impact on cancer treatment. Therefore, methods for analyzing CRAd efficacy and tumor response are required. Mesothelin, a cell surface glycoprotein, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer but not in normal ovarian tissues. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic utility of a mesothelin promoter- based CRAd in a murine model of ovarian cancer, using a non- invasive biological imaging system. We constructed a mesothelin promoter based CRAd which also contains a modified fiber (Ad5/3 fiber) previously shown to improve infectivity of many ovarian cancer cells (Ad5/3MSLN). Viral replication and oncolysis were assessed in OV-3, SK-OV-3, OV-4, and Hey ovarian cancer cell lines. Ad5/3MSLN achieved a 10- to 10000-fold higher cell killing effect and 60- to 120-fold higher levels of viral replication in all ovarian cancer cell lines tested, compared to wild type Ad5. To test the oncolytic efficacy of Ad5/3MSLN in murine model, firefly luciferase-expressing SK-OV-3-luc cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), followed by an i.p. injection of Ad5/3MSLN, or control viruses. Bioluminescence imaging of tumor luciferase activity was carried out following i.p. injection of D-luciferin. In vivo tumor imaging confirmed that Ad5/3MSLN significantly inhibited tumor growth, while the untreated mice had rapid tumor growth (p<0.05). These results were consistent with tumor growth observed upon macroscopic evaluation postmortem. Survival with Ad5/3MSLN was significantly enhanced when compared with no virus, or wild type Ad5-treated group (p<0.05). In conclusion, the robust replication, oncolysis, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of Ad5/3MSLN demonstrated that this CRAd is a promising candidate for treating ovarian cancer. Importantly, we have established an in vivo non-invasive imaging system, which has allowed repeated and longitudinal measurements of tumor growth after CRAd treatment.
Serum Total Homocysteine Concentrations in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1991–1994): Population Reference Ranges and Contribution of Vitamin Status to High Serum Concentrations
Authors: Jacob Selhub, Paul F. Jacques, Irwin H. Rosenberg, Gail Rogers, Barbara A. Bowman, Elaine W. Gunter, Jacqueline D. Wright, Clifford L. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: The concentration of circulating total homocysteine is a sensitive marker of inadequate folate and vitamin B12 status. Elevated homocysteine concentrations are associated with an increased risk for vascular disease. Objective: To identify reference ranges for serum total homocysteine concentration in U.S. residents and quantify the contribution of circulating vitamin concentrations to high homocysteine concentrations. Design: Cross-sectional prevalence study. Setting: United States. Patients: A nationally representative sample of 3563 male participants and 4523 female participants 12 years of age or older who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Measurements: Reference ranges (5th and 95th percentiles) for the total homocysteine concentration were defined among participants who were folate- and vitamin B12-replete and had normal creatinine concentrations. A high total homocysteine concentration was defined as one that exceeded the sex-specific 95th percentile for the reference sample (participants 20 to 39 years of age). The population attributable risk percentage was calculated to determine the contribution of low folate (<11 nmol/L) and vitamin B12 (<185 pmol/L) concentrations to a high homocysteine concentration. Results: Reference ranges for serum total homocysteine concentration increased with age; these ranges were 4.3 to 9.9 µmol/L for male participants and 3.3 to 7.2 µmol/L for female participants 12 to 19 years of age and from 5.9 to 15.3 µmol/L for men and 4.9 to 11.6 µmol/L for women 60 years of age or older. A high homocysteine concentration was defined as at least 11.4 µmol/L for male participants and at least 10.4 µmol/L for female participants. Approximately two thirds of the cases of high homocysteine concentrations were associated with low vitamin concentrations. Conclusions: Upper reference limits for the serum total homocysteine concentration increased with age and were higher for male participants than for female participants at all ages. In most cases, high homocysteine concentrations were associated with low serum vitamin concentrations.
Abstract 5382: Anti-tumor efficacy of a recombinant human arginase in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ariel Chow, Roberta Pang, Andrew Chu, Lui Ng, Ronnie Poon
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Systemic chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) relies on few drugs and the response rates are low especially in patients with advanced HCC. HCC is considered as auxotrophic for arginine due to the lack of expression of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS). Several recombinant human arginases were found to be effective in inhibiting liver, pancreatic and leukemic cell proliferation. Recently, a new recombinant human arginase, BCT-100, has been synthesized to deprive arginine and inhibit arginine-dependent tumor growth. In this study, the efficacy of BCT-100 and the combined used of BCT-100 with cisplatin and fluorouracil on the inhibition of in vitro cell proliferation of HCC cell lines and in vivo tumor growth was studied. Method: The anti-tumor efficacy of BCT-100, cisplatin and fluorouracil, alone or in combination, on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and cellular apoptosis were determined in human hepatoma HepG2, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cells. Protein phosphorylation and expression in the Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and expression of cyclin D1, eIF4E, survivin and XIAP, were also analyzed by western blotting. For in vivo animal studies, subcutaneous tumors were established by subcutaneous injections of 1×106 cells into nude mice. BCT-100 in combination with cisplatin or fluorouracil was administrated. Mice were sacrificed week 16 or when tumor sizes exceeded 30% of their body weight. Results: Treatment with BCT-100 alone was found to inhibit cell proliferation and enhance cellular apoptosis. Additive effect of BCT-100 with cisplatin or fluorouracil was found in inhibiting cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis of HepG2, Hep3B and PLC/PRF/5 cells. Cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase was also observed with BCT-100 treatment. A significant reduction in β-catenin, cyclin D1, phosphorylated eIF4E, survivin and XIAP expression was observed. Furthermore, repeated sequential use of BCT-100 and chemotherapy with either cisplatin or fluorouracil demonstrated synergistic effect of inhibition of tumor growth compared with BCT-100 or chemotherapy alone. Conclusion: These pre-clinical data suggested additive/synergistic effect of BCT-100 with other chemotherapeutic agents in HCC, which suggested the rationale of combining BCT-100 and chemotherapy in clinical treatment of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5382. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5382
Biodiversity, Medicine, and Shakespeare—Reply
Authors: Aaron S. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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THE TREATMENT OF PROFUSE KIDNEY HEMORRHAGE BY MEANS OF EPINEPHRIN
Authors: HERMAN L. KRETSCHMER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The rather remarkable results obtained in treating the following case of profuse, painless hematuria by means of injections of epinephrin directly into the pelvis of the kidney through the ureteral catheter seem worthy of report. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —At the age of 15 the patient was very much run down and delicate. At that time she had some frequency of urination accompanied with burning pain. There was no history of traumatism. The patient's only complaint was the presence of blood in the urine. There never had been any urinary symptoms. For the past four months she was obliged at times to arise once at night to void. Seventeen years ago, during her first pregnancy, the patient had her initial onset of hematuria. This occurred during the sixth month of the pregnancy. At this time the hematuria was intermittent, lasting only a few days or a week. The hematuria disappeared
Confidentiality in Medicine — A Decrepit Concept
Authors: Mark Siegler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Medical confidentiality, as it has traditionally been understood by patients and doctors, no longer exists. This ancient medical principle, which has been included in every physician's oath and code of ethics since Hippocratic times, has become old, worn-out, and useless; it is a decrepit concept. Efforts to preserve it appear doomed to failure and often give rise to more problems than solutions. Psychiatrists have tacitly acknowledged the impossibility of ensuring the confidentiality of medical records by choosing to establish a separate, more secret record. The following case illustrates how the confidentiality principle is compromised systematically in the course of routine . . .