tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is coronary flow reserve in response to papaverine really normal in syndrome X?
Authors: A Chauhan, P A Mullins, M C Petch, P M Schofield
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND An impaired coronary flow reserve in syndrome X has been demonstrated by many studies. Recently, however, a normal coronary flow reserve in response to papaverine was reported, but the number of patients in these studies was small. The aim of this study was to investigate whether coronary flow reserve in response to intracoronary papaverine is really impaired in syndrome X. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 53 syndrome X patients (typical angina, a positive exercise test, and completely normal coronary arteries on angiography) and 26 heart transplant patients with normal coronary arteries (control group). All antianginal medications were stopped 48 hours before the study. A 3.6F intracoronary Doppler catheter was positioned in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and was connected to a Millar velocimeter. The coronary blood flow velocity at rest and in response to a hyperemic dose of papaverine was measured. Coronary flow reserve was defined as the ratio of hyperemic coronary blood flow velocity in response to papaverine and resting coronary blood flow velocity. The coronary flow reserve (mean +/- SD) in the syndrome X group was 2.72 +/- 1.39. The coronary flow reserve in the control group was significantly higher at 5.22 +/- 1.26 (P &lt; .01). In both groups there was no significant difference in the heart rate or the mean arterial pressure during the study. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that coronary flow reserve in response to intracoronary papaverine is impaired in syndrome X patients.
P273 Assessment Of Lung Microstructure In Interstitial Lung Disease With Hyperpolarised Gas Mri
Authors: N. Stewart, G. Norquay, J. Parra-Robles, H. Marshall, G. Leung, P. Murphy, R. Schulte, C. Elliot, R. Condliffe, C. Billings, I. Smith, P. Griffiths, J. Wolber, M. Whyte, D. Kiely, J. Wild
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the hyperpolarised noble gases <sup>3</sup>He and <sup>129</sup>Xe provides exquisite depiction of pulmonary ventilation. In addition, MR measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of <sup>3</sup>He gas has proven clinical utility in assessment of emphysema. Furthermore, xenon is soluble and is a promising marker of pulmonary gas-exchange. The motivation of this work was to demonstrate non-invasive quantification of whole-lung septal thickness (ST) and helium ADC in subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) using <sup>129</sup>Xe and <sup>3</sup>He MR. <h3>Methods</h3> Hyperpolarised <sup>129</sup>Xe spectroscopy was performed on ten healthy volunteers (23–74 yrs), four subjects with SSc and four with IPF at 1.5 T. A chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) method was used to assess the dynamics of xenon uptake into parenchymal tissues and blood and to derive quantitative information about lung microstructure. From the subject cohort, six volunteers and seven patients were also scanned at 1.5 T with a diffusion-weighted sequence to determine <sup>3</sup>He ADC values. For comparison with MR experiments, standard pulmonary function tests including the diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DL<sub>CO</sub>) were performed. <h3>Results</h3> Pulmonary function was significantly worse in both SSc and IPF subjects than healthy volunteers (DL<sub>CO</sub> &lt; 45% in IPF patients). Both <sup>129</sup>Xe CSSR ST and <sup>3</sup>He ADC values were elevated in subjects with SSc, and to a larger degree in those with IPF, compared with healthy volunteers (Figure 1, top). These two MR metrics correlated significantly, suggesting that fibrotic remodelling of tissue both degrades gas-exchange efficiency and induces alveolar widening causing less-restricted gas diffusion (although emphysema was reported for only one subject on CT). The <sup>129</sup>Xe CSSR-derived ST values correlated well with whole-lung DL<sub>CO</sub> (Figure 1, bottom) and in healthy volunteers, ST increased with age (p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Hyperpolarised <sup>129</sup>Xe and <sup>3</sup>He MR techniques are sensitive to small changes in gas-exchange efficiency and alveolar surface geometry, respectively<sub>. </sub>These two factors appear to have an intrinsic link, identified in the presence of fibrotic lung disease without obvious emphysema. Further application of these MR techniques may prove useful in the diagnosis/assessment of different forms of ILD.
LIPOSOMALLY ENTRAPPED SECOND ANTIBODY IMPROVES TUMOUR IMAGING WITH RADIOLABELLED (FIRST) ANTITUMOUR ANTIBODY
Authors: R.H.J Begent, A.J Green, K.D Bagshawe, B.E Jones, P.A Keep, F Searle, R.F Jewkes, G.M Barratt, B.E Ryman
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Abstract 5674: Effect of clofarabine on apoptosis and DNA synthesis in human breast cancer
Authors: Xin Wang, Freidoun Albertioni
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract As a second-generation nucleoside analogue, clofarabine, is employed primarily for the treatment of paediatric patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after at least two prior regimens, but its application toward the solid tumors attracts more and more attention recently. In this study, the effect of clofarabine was investigated in several breast cancer cell lines and compared to a normal cell line (hTERT RPE-1). Upon treatment with 0.1 or 0.2μM clofarabine for 48 hrs, inhibition of cell growth (S-phase arrest) was investigated in both breast cancer and normal cell lines. And we observed that the induction of apoptosis was obvious in the all breast cancer cells but not in the normal cells. More than 40% breast cancer cells entered apoptotic or/and necrotic process after they were treated to 0.2μM clofarabine for 48 hrs. This was associated with an increase in dCK activity in malignant cells between 2.2 and 4.7 folds but only 1.2-fold in hTERT RPE-1 cells. Upon treatment with clofarabine, the cleaved-caspase 3 was observed and the level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) down-regulated significantly in the breast cancer cell lines, but not in the hTERT RPE-1 cells. In addition, the sensitivity of all breast cancer cells to the toxicity of clofarabine was attenuated significantly by down-regulation of dCK with siRNA. These results showed that as a single-agent and combination regim clofarabine is worth to be explored in solid tumor. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5674. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5674
Abstract 2032: MicroRNA control of tumor cell plasticity in a new tumor metastasis model
Authors: Jacqueline Banyard, Arianne M. Wilson, Diane R. Bielenberg, Bruce R. Zetter
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have developed a new prostate cancer model to discover the molecular changes underlying metastasis. A series of cell lines were developed by isolating metastatic cells from lymph nodes of nude mice following orthotopic injection of DU145 human prostate cancer cells and expression changes analyzed using gene chips. We found that these DU145-LN cells exhibit a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Repeated rounds of in vivo metastatic selection progressively increased the expression of epithelial markers including E-cadherin, cytokeratin-18 and EpCAM, and decreased mesenchymal markers such as vimentin. Despite being more epithelial, DU145-LN cells are more migratory and show reduced proliferation in vitro. However, they show increased tumorigenesis when reinjected into nude mice. Interestingly, clinical metastases are frequently epithelial, despite strong evidence that EMT enhances metastasis. To explain this, current models of metastasis invoke EMT with subsequent MET at the secondary site. Our cells appear to demonstrate this plasticity making them an ideal model system for studying MET regulation. The MET changes in the DU145-LN cells suggested a coordinated mechanism of regulation. MicroRNA arrays revealed several candidates which correlated with the epithelial phenotype. DU145-LN cells showed increased expression of the miR-200 family (a, b, c and miR-141), and treatment with synthetic miR-200 inhibitors resulted in reduced cell-cell interactions and decreased E-cadherin levels. Our data complement recent evidence showing down-regulation of miR-200 by EMT. miR-200 acts in a feedback loop with the transcription factor ZEB1 to regulate EMT. We also observed significantly reduced expression of an additional microRNA not previously linked to cell morphology in the DU145-LN cells. Transfection of precursor miRNA to this target altered the epithelial morphology and reduced E-cadherin levels, suggesting an additional pathway of MET/EMT control. We are currently determining the mechanism of action of this new microRNA target. Our data support a role for MET in tumor metastasis, and indicate that microRNAs are an important mechanism mediating tumor cell plasticity and EMT/MET. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2032.
Sterilization of Anesthesia Equipment with Ethylene Oxide
Authors: John C. Snow, Anita B. Mangiaracine, Marion L. Anderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN some hospitals very little consideration is given to the cleanliness and sterility of anesthesia equipment, especially the parts that come into contact with the respiratory system. Crossinfection is possible by way of tubes and valves. Droplets of water remaining in the corrugations of wide-bore rubber tubing may harbor pathogenic bacteria, which may thus be transmitted to another patient.It is for this reason that a carefully supervised plan of complete cleaning and sterilization of anesthesia equipment should be adopted and followed by every anesthesia department. This procedure should include all parts of the machine through which rebreathing takes place . . .
The synergistic effects of lysophosphatidic acid receptor agonists and calcitriol on MG63 osteoblast maturation at titanium and hydroxyapatite surfaces
Authors: Jason P. Mansell, Michele Barbour, Christopher Moore, Maryam Nowghani, Moreica Pabbruwe, Terje Sjostrom, Ashley W. Blom
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Glycemic control in diabetes is restored by therapeutic manipulation of cytokines that regulate beta cell stress
Authors: Sumaira Z Hasnain, Danielle J Borg, Brooke E Harcourt, Hui Tong, Yonghua H Sheng, Choa Ping Ng, Indrajit Das, Ran Wang, Alice C-H Chen, Thomas Loudovaris, Thomas W Kay, Helen E Thomas, Jonathan P Whitehead, Josephine M Forbes, Johannes B Prins, Michael A McGuckin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Clinical Tests of the Simple Method of Estimating Cardiac Stroke Volume from Blood Pressure and Age
Authors: ISAAC STARR
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The results secured by the simple method of estimating cardiac output, described in the previous paper, have been applied to data already in the literature. Hundreds of comparisons are possible between estimates of cardiac output made by our blood pressure method from values given by the authors, and the results of estimates of cardiac output by some other well known method employed at the same time. The correlations between the results secured by our method and those obtained by Fick, acetylene, ethyl iodide, and nitrous oxide methods are often surprisingly good. There is an unexplained difference in level between the Fick and blood pressure estimates, but not between the blood pressure estimates and those of the three older methods.
High-Sensitivity Transcriptome Data Structure and Implications for Analysis and Biologic Interpretation
Authors: Sebastian Noth, Guillaume Brysbaert, François-Xavier Pellay, Arndt Benecke
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract Novel microarray technologies such as the AB1700 platform from Applied Biosystems promise significant increases in the signal dynamic range and a higher sensitivity for weakly expressed transcripts. We have compared a representative set of AB1700 data with a similarly representative Affymetrix HG-U133A dataset. The AB1700 design extends the signal dynamic detection range at the lower bound by one order of magnitude. The lognormal signal distribution profiles of these high-sensitivity data need to be represented by two independent distributions. The additional second distribution covers those transcripts that would have gone undetected using the Affymetrix technology. The signal-dependent variance distribution in the AB1700 data is a non-trivial function of signal intensity, describable using a composite function. The drastically different structure of these high-sensitivity transcriptome profiles requires adaptation or even redevelopment of the standard microarray analysis methods. Based on the statistical properties, we have derived a signal variance distribution model for AB1700 data that is necessary for such development. Interestingly, the dual lognormal distribution observed in the AB1700 data reflects two fundamentally different biologic mechanisms of transcription initiation.
Evidence-Based Herbal Medicine
Authors: Gregory A. Plotnikoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 January 2003Evidence-Based Herbal MedicineGregory A. Plotnikoff, MD, MTSGregory A. Plotnikoff, MD, MTSUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Rotblatt M, Ziment I. 480 pages. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 2002. $35.00. ISBN 1560534478. Order phone 800-962-1892.Field of medicine: Complementary and alternative medicine and primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians who seek to counsel patients regarding herbal medicines and dietary supplements from an evidence-based perspective.Purpose: To provide reliable and practical reference on the uses, pharmacology, efficacy, and adverse effects for 65 of the most frequently used medicinal herbs and supplements.Content: This well-organized text begins with a thorough review of herbal practices found in the United States, product quality concerns, dosage forms, and relevant chemistry. This introduction ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 January 2003Volume 138, Issue 1Page: 80KeywordsClinical pharmacologyComplementary and alternative medicineDatabasesDrug interactionsEvidence based medicineHerbal medicineLibrariesOilsPharmacologySoftware tools ePublished: 7 January 2003 Issue Published: 7 January 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening
Authors: F. G. Cunningham, L. C. Gilstrap
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Alpha-fetoprotein is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 70,000 that is synthesized first by the embryonic yolk sac and later by the fetal gastrointestinal tract and liver. This major fetal protein reaches its highest concentration in fetal serum and amniotic fluid at about 13 weeks' gestation. Its concentration in fetal serum (measured in milligrams) is approximately 150 times that found in amniotic fluid (measured in micrograms), and an even smaller amount enters maternal blood (measured in nanograms), most likely through placental membranes and decidua. Perhaps somewhat paradoxically, although alpha-fetoprotein concentrations in both fetal serum and amniotic fluid decline . . .
Alpha 2-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in patients with congestive heart failure.
Authors: S H Kubo, T S Rector, S M Heifetz, J N Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1989)

alpha 2-Adrenoceptors exist postsynaptically to subserve vasoconstriction and presynaptically to modulate norepinephrine release into the synaptic cleft. Because adrenoceptors may down-regulate in response to chronic stimulation, we investigated the activity of alpha 2-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction in patients with congestive heart failure, who had increased levels of plasma norepinephrine. We used the isolated forearm model and intra-arterial infusions of subsystemic doses of yohimbine, a specific alpha 2-blocker, in 11 patients with heart failure and in 15 normal subjects. Yohimbine produced a dose-related increase in forearm blood flow and decrease in forearm vascular resistance. These findings were consistent with a direct vasodilator effect mediated by blockade of the postsynaptic alpha 2-vascular receptor. Furthermore, the vasodilator responses in patients with heart failure were similar to the normal subjects in terms of the percent increase in forearm blood flow, the dose-response relation, and the fractional response to hyperemia and phentolamine; thus, alpha 2-receptor-mediated vasoconstriction is neither enhanced nor down-regulated in heart failure. In addition, in patients with heart failure and in normal subjects, yohimbine produced an increase in the forearm venous norepinephrine concentration, consistent with an inhibition of the presynaptic alpha 2-receptor resulting in an augmented release of norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft. Thus, these data suggest that the postsynaptic alpha 2-receptor is an important mediator of vasoconstriction in patients with heart failure. Despite chronic elevations in plasma norepinephrine in patients with heart failure, alpha 2-receptor mechanisms subserving vasoconstriction and inhibition of norepinephrine release into the synaptic cleft are still functional in heart failure.
Thyroid Feeding in Exophthalmic Goitre
Authors: D. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1893)

hIMEMORANDA.tM, 1211a contiinuous suture of catgut.The wound in the abdomninal wall was then closed by continuous catgut sutures, the peritoneum, muscles, and skin being eachl stitchled separately.The operation was very well borne.As the patient re- covered consciousness slhe became very wild and restless.Shle soon began to complain of pain in the abdomen, and it became evident that labour lhad commenced.A healthy- looking male infant was born about 3 A.M., twelve lhours after the commencement of the operation.The pulsation of the cord hiad ceased, and no sign of respiration was observed.The placenta was soon removed.and there was very little hsemor- rlhage.The wound was redressed, anid appeared to be quite undisturbed.The patient was then quiet and comfortable.After this recovery was uninterrupted.The greatly stretched skin of the abdomen slrank into a flat, brown, rugged sur- face, the wound looking remarkably small and firm.
Implications for human health.
Authors: L Golberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

To analyze the implications for human health, the toxicologist requires four sets of data: the results of toxicity and other studies in animals; quantitative data on actual or potential human exposure; whatever information is available on effects of exposure in man; and the statistical extrapolations from the dose-response relationships in animals to the (usually) much lower levels of human exposure. Professional expertise in toxicology is essential to assess the nature and severity of the toxic effects observed in animals, including such characteristics as potential for progression, irreversibility and production of incapacity. Given sufficient data, an estimate can be arrived at of the likelihood that such effects will be elicited in human populations of differing susceptibilities. The criteria by which the overall implications for human health can be judged comprise both the direct effects on man, as well as the indirect consequences stemming from environmental impacts.
Adjuvant Therapy in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Lionel Lim, Michael Michael, G. Bruce Mann, Trevor Leong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Gastric cancer has a poor prognosis. The majority of patients will relapse after definitive surgery, and 5-year survival after surgery remains poor. The role of adjuvant therapy in gastric cancer has been controversial given the lack of significant survival benefit in many randomized studies so far. The results of a large North American study (Gastrointestinal Cancer Intergroup Trial INT 0116) reported that postoperative chemoradiotherapy conferred a survival advantage compared with surgery alone, which has led to the regimen being adopted as a new standard of care. However, controversies still remain regarding surgical technique, the place of more effective and less toxic chemotherapy regimens, and the use of more modern radiation planning techniques to improve treatment delivery and outcome in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting. This article reviews the current status of the adjuvant treatment for gastric cancer including discussion on the research directions aimed at optimizing treatment efficacy. Issues such as the identification of patients who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy are also addressed. Further clinical trials are needed to move towards better consensus and standardization of care.
Congenital dermal sinus presenting as anaerobic meningitis.
Authors: G A Reynolds, G A Flint, W F Harkness, J G Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Congenital dermal sinus is a dysraphic condition resulting from incomplete separation of cutaneous structures and neuroectoderm in early gestation.Detailed accounts of its embryology, presenta- tion, and treatment have been given elsewhere.'2The clinical importance of the lesion lies in its associated neurological com- plications, which may present at any time after birth, though usually in early childhood.We report a case ofcervical dermal sinus resulting in anaerobic meningitis.Case report A previously well 5 year old white girl first presented to a district general hospital in December 1985 with a short history ofcough and general malaise.She improved after a course of antibiotics and was discharged.Four weeks later she was readmitted with persisting malaise, intermittent fever, vomiting, and occasional vacant spells.Some improvement occurred over 10 days without specific treatment and she was discharged without a definitive diagnosis.By March 1986 she was reasonably well but under- weight.In May she was readmitted with a three day history of cough and fever and was complaining ofheadache.She had become withdrawn and was at times confused.Examination disclosed neck stiffness' but no focal neurological deficit.An initial diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection with encephalitis was made.Computed tomography, however, showed a communicating hydrocephalus, so the child was referred for neurosurgical assessment.