tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Making the Case for Investigating Flexibility in Duty Hour Limits for Surgical Residents
Authors: Karl Y. Bilimoria, David B. Hoyt, Frank Lewis
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Tobacco Addiction: Implications for Treatment and Cancer Prevention
Authors: P. M. Cinciripini, S. S. Hecht, J. E. Henningfield, M. W. Manley, B. S. Kramer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

The American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National Cancer Institute convened a symposium in June 1996 on tobacco addiction. Additional support for the symposium was provided by the American Medical Women's Association and the American Society of Preventive Oncology. The goals of this conference were to describe the burden and public health consequences of tobacco addiction, to describe the state of science for the treatment of nicotine dependence, and to explore new strategies to increase quit rates and to prevent the uptake of tobacco use. This article summarizes and integrates the meeting presentations on tobacco addiction and includes the topics of smoking prevalence; psychobiologic aspects of nicotine dependence; and implications for disease, treatment, and prevention. Comments on regulatory approaches and national strategies for reducing dependence are also summarized in presentations by Dr. David Kessler, former Food and Drug Administration Commissioner, and Dr. C. Everett Koop, former U.S. Surgeon General. "Tobacco drieth the brain, dimmeth the sight, vitiateth the smell, hurteth the stomach, destroyeth the concoction, disturbeth the humors and spirits, corrupteth the breath, induceth a trembling of the limbs, exsicateth the windpipe, lungs, and liver, annoyeth the milt, scortcheth the heart, and causeth the blood to be adjusted."
Intermittent vs Sustained Steroid Therapy
Authors: WILLIAM M. BIRTWELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 September 1970Intermittent vs Sustained Steroid TherapyWILLIAM M. BIRTWELL, M.D., JOHN H. MARTIN, M.D.WILLIAM M. BIRTWELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN H. MARTIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-3-494 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the recent report by Ackerman (Ann Intern Med 72:511-519, 1970) and feel the following should be reemphasized. We, and others, have noted a relatively weak effect of intermittent corticoid and corticotrophin administration on basic phenomena, such as homograft rejection, skin hypersensitivity, reticuloendothelial phagocytic function, and lymphocyte transformation (1-5). These processes are profoundly affected by sustained corticoid administration. Consequently, we have been disappointed rather than encouraged.This concern has led us to follow very closely the clinical response of patients receiving alternate-day corticoid therapy. We follow the practice of considering sustained administration whenever there...References1. MAC GREGOR R, SHEAGREN J, and LIPSETT M: Alternate-day prednisone therapy: evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity responses, control of disease and steroid side effects. New Eng J Med 280:1427-2433, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BIRTWELL W and MARTIN J: Alternate day corticosteroid therapy and homograft rejection. Arthritis Rheum 11:468, 1968 Google Scholar3. BIRTWELL W, MARTIN J, and GINSBERG W: Effect of alternate day corticosteroid administration on homograft rejection in rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 131:1045-1051, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BIRD D and SHEAGREN J: Effect of alternate day and daily schedules of corticosteroid administration on reticuloendothelial system (RES). Phagocytic function and response to infection with Candida albicans (abstract). Clin Res 17, 363, 1969 Google Scholar5. NELSON S, MACKEY J, and SHERIDAN B: Intermittent corticotrophin therapy, study of lymphocyte transformation in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis (1969): 28, 524, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM M. BIRTWELL, M.D.; JOHN H. MARTIN, M.D.Affiliations: Section of Rheumatology Temple University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pa. 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1970Volume 73, Issue 3Page: 494-494KeywordsAdrenocorticotropic hormoneHomograftsHypersensitivityLymphocytesSteroid therapy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Selective phagocytic paralysis induced by immobilized immune complexes.
Authors: M Rabinovitch, R E Manejias, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The phagocytic recognition by peritoneal macrophages plated on glass- or plastic-bound immune complexes of bovine plasma albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA was examined. Ingestion but not the attachment of erythrocytes opsonized with an IgG rich antiserum (EA) was markedly inhibited. In contrast, macrophage interactions with complement-coated (EAC) red cells, or ingestion of latex particles, yeast cell walls or glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes was not inhibited. Complexes prepared with pepsin-treated anti-BSA IgG were ineffective indicating a requirement for the Fc region. Inhibition of ingestion of EA was not a consequence of macrophage spreading and did not appear to be mediated by solubilized complexes or by cell-derived inhibitors of phagocytosis. Significant restoration of the ability to ingest EA was obtained when macrophages on complex-coated substrates were incubated for 4-8 h in medium enriched with mouse or fetal bovine serum. Restoration was also attained by removing macrophages from complex-coated dishes and replating onto uncoated dishes. The selective inhibition of ingestion of EA may be due to blocking of Fc receptors by the complexes but depletion of receptors by endocytosis of complexes cannot be ruled out. Alternatively, the complexes may have induced selective failure of the interiorization mechanism.
Cost Consciousness in Patient Care — What Is Medical Education's Responsibility?
Authors: Molly Cooke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

It is old news that the cost of medical care in the United States is unsupportable, yet we seem unable to grapple with the issue effectively. As current ideas for health care reform have percolated through Congress, cost-control mechanisms have generally been recognized as the weak component. Our country is remarkably generative in the development of new diagnostic tests, drugs, and procedures — and remarkably undisciplined in their deployment. New diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and the broadened application of established ones account for two thirds of the growth in health care expenditures.1 Since the importance of this problem has been . . .
Matrix metalloproteinase processing of signaling molecules to regulate inflammation
Authors: Georgina S. Butler, Christopher M. Overall
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2013)

Abstract Inflammation is a complex and highly regulated process that facilitates the clearance of pathogens and mediates tissue repair. Failure to resolve inflammation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Matrix metalloproteinases are generally thought to be detrimental in disease because degradation of extracellular matrix contributes to pathology. However, proteomic techniques (degradomics) are revealing that matrix metalloproteinases process a diverse array of substrates and therefore have a broad range of functions. Many matrix metalloproteinase substrates modulate inflammation and hence, by processing these proteins, matrix metalloproteinases can orchestrate the inflammatory response.
Hereditary cancer link supported
Authors: R. Harling
Journal: BMJ (1998)

New evidence has emerged that radiation damage to sperm cells increases the risk of lympho-haematological malignancies in the offspring (British Journal of Cancer 1998;78:301-11).

This issue has been hotly debated since 1990, when a study published in the BMJ of a cluster of leukaemia cases among children in the village of Seascale, near the Sellafield nuclear plant, suggested that leukaemia in children might be associated with exposure of the father to radiation before …
What is a P value?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers investigated whether rapid rather than standard intravenous rehydration resulted in improved hydration and clinical outcomes when administered to children with gastroenteritis. Treatments were compared in a parallel randomised controlled trial. Children were recruited if aged 3 months to 11 years, had a diagnosis of dehydration secondary to gastroenteritis, had not responded to oral rehydration, and had been prescribed intravenous rehydration. Intervention was rapid (60 mL/kg) or standard (20 mL/kg) rehydration with 0.9% saline over an hour.1

The primary outcome was the proportion of children with clinical rehydration, assessed on a validated scale, within two hours of start of treatment. In total, 226 children were recruited, of whom 114 were randomised to rapid and 112 to standard rehydration. The proportion of children rehydrated at two hours was higher in the rapid rehydration group, although the difference was not significant (41/114 (36%) v 33/112 (29.5%); P=0.32).

Which one of the following statements best describes the P value?

Statement c best describes the P value.

The trial investigated whether rapid rather than standard intravenous rehydration resulted in improved rehydration and clinical outcomes when …
Protective Effects of Cyclosporin A from Endotoxin-induced Myocardial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Rats
Authors: HAROLD FAUVEL, PHILIPPE MARCHETTI, GUILLAUME OBERT, OLIVIER JOULAIN, CLAUDE CHOPIN, PIERRE FORMSTECHER, RÉMI NEVIÈRE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Myocardial depression can be demonstrated following administration of endotoxin. Proposed mechanisms of endotoxin-induced myocardial dysfunction include the release of proinflammatory mediators, focal myocardial ischemia, and the presence of activated leukocytes within the myocardium. Recently, myocardial caspase activation and mitochondria-related apoptotic events (i.e., release of cytochrome c) were demonstrated in the failing septic heart. Here, we tested the hypothesis that immunosuppressors, cyclosporin A and tacrolimus (FK 506), would improve inflammation, heart nuclear apoptosis, and myocardial dysfunction in endotoxin-treated rats. Myocardial contractility was assessed using an isolated heart preparation. Heart leukocyte infiltration was assessed by measurement of heart myeloperoxidase activity. Leukocyte activation was studied using the intravital microscopy of the mesenteric venule. Apoptosis was detected as myocardial DNA fragmentation, downstream caspase activation, and mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Both cyclosporin A and FK 506 reduced heart leukocyte sequestration and venular adhesion in endotoxin-treated rats. Cyclosporin A, which blocks mitochondrial cytochrome c release, was able to reduce endotoxin-induced myocardial end-stage nuclear apoptosis and heart dysfunction, whereas tacrolimus had no such effects. These effects could be related to the unique properties of cyclosporin A to act on mitochondria.
Lymphosarcoma with a positive Paul-Bunnell test.
Authors: L. A. Price, D. G. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Lymphosarcoma with a PositivePaul-Bunneli Test British MedicalJournal, 1969, 2, 31 This case is reported because the findings of a positive Paul-Bunnell test delayed the relevant treatment for the patients real illness.It also illustrates the point that a negative biopsy specimen from one area of the pathological tissue does not always exclude malignancy in other areas.On reviewing the literature we were unable to find previous reports of lympho- sarcoma presenting with a positive Paul-Bunnell test. CASE REPORTA 71-year-old woman originally presented at the outpatient department on 25 October 1967 with a six-weeks history of sore throat, general malaise, and cervical adenopathy.Examination showed enlarged, ulcerated tonsils and pharyngitis.Tonsillar biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy and a Paul-Bunnell test was positive (titres: unabsorbed serum 1/224, absorbed with guinea-pig kidney 1/224, absorbed with ox red cells 1/14), When seen again on 9 November she was subjectively much improved, but bilateral axillary nodes were noted.By 30 November she was much worse and gave a four-days history of pale stools, dark urine, and coffee- ground vomit.She was admitted for further investigation.On
Controlling Costs: The Case of Kaiser-Reply
Authors: Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Zendle doth protest too much. First, we are not sloppy about our data. The Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Southern California Region, operates 12 MRI scanners for an enrolled population of about 2.2 million people, or a ratio of 5.5 MRI scanners per 1 million enrollees. For the United States as a whole, 1 the supply of MRI scanners is 11.2 scanners per 1 million population—twice the level found at Southern California Kaiser Permanente.  This said, far from intending to malign Zendle and his colleagues, we interpret these figures as a compliment to Kaiser Permanente's rational approach to regionalizing technology. While we applaud development of evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice, guidelines alone have not been shown to have resounding success as a cost-containment strategy. Reasonable constraints on capacity encourage more prudent use of services. Within the boundaries defined by available supply, practice guidelines may serve a useful
A New Ultrasonographic Method to Detect Disease Activity and Predict Response to immunosuppressive Treatment in Graves Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Mark F. Prummel, Maria S.A. Suttorp-Schulten, Wilmar M. Wiersinga, Ad M. Verbeek, Maarten Ph. Mourits, Leo Koornneef
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)
Material-tissue interfaces: the role of surface properties and processes.
Authors: B Kasemo, J Lausmaa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The introduction of a foreign material into living tissue--intentionally as in biomedical applications (implants, protheses, drugs) or unintentionally as when minerals or fibers are inhaled--results in the creation of interfaces between the material and the surrounding tissue. This article identifies and discusses the possible role of material surface properties and molecular processes occurring at such interfaces. For kinetic and thermodynamic reasons, surfaces are different from the corresponding bulk of the material, and contain reactive (unsaturated) bonds, which in turn lead to the formation of surface reactive layers (e.g., surface oxides on metals) and adsorbed contamination layers. The encounter with the biological environment leads to further surface reactions modifying the surface, and to the adsorption of water, ions, and biomolecules, which are continuously exchanged. The exact nature of the dynamic, adsorbed water, ions, and biomolecule coating in turn influences the behavior of cells approaching the material surface, and hence the tissue response.
Science gets sexy
Authors: L. Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Science is in vogue, claimed the Daily Telegraph last week, citing in evidence a new British television series called The Lab . But science had, in fact, already been in Vogue . April's edition devoted four pages to a feature called “Scientific sex appeal.” The committee on the public understanding of science, set up 10 years ago by the Royal Society of London, must be trembling with delight. When the magazine that sets the fashion agenda says that science is the new sexy subject, then, temporarily at least, it will be.

In media terms rock stars, babies needing heart transplants, and violent crimes are traditionally sexy issues–science is an unlikely contender. Scientists and governments have been concerned for some time about undergraduates' lack of enthusiasm for science subjects and the public's growing scientific illiteracy (apart from its fascination with medicine). The immunologist and Nobel Prize winner Peter Medawar often expressed irritation that people who knew nothing about science were proud of the fact while scientists who …
Prediction of outcomes in patients with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with nilotinib after imatinib resistance/intolerance
Authors: E Jabbour, P D le Coutre, J Cortes, F Giles, K N Bhalla, J Pinilla-Ibarz, R A Larson, N Gattermann, O G Ottmann, A Hochhaus, T P Hughes, G Saglio, J P Radich, D-W Kim, G Martinelli, J Reynolds, R C Woodman, M Baccarani, H M Kantarjian
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Occult lung cancer in patients with bullous emphysema
Authors: F. Venuta, E. A. Rendina, E. O. Pescarmona, T. De Giacomo, D. Vizza, I. Flaishman, C. Ricci
Journal: Thorax (1997)

The incidence of lung cancer is increased in patients with bullous emphysema.A series of 95 patients undergoing excision of bullous lung tissue was reviewed to determine the incidence and long term outcome of occult carcinoma present in the resected material.Four patients (4.2%) had peripheral foci of large cell carcinoma in the resection specimen (three bullectomies and one lobectomy).Resected bullous lung tissue should be carefully examined for areas of bronchogenic carcinoma. The results of incidental complete excision are favourable.
TCT-653 Association Between Native Coronary Artery Disease Progression And Instent Neoatherosclerosis: A Long-Term Angiographic And Optical Coherence Tomography Cohort Study
Authors: Masanori Taniwaki, Stephan Windecker, Serge Zaugg, Sandro Baumgartner, Thomas Zanchin, Peter Jüni, Bernhard Meier, Lorenz Raber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cognitive Behaviour Group Therapy for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Non-Randomised Waiting List Controlled Study
Authors: E. Bazelmans, J.B. Prins, R. Lulofs, J.W.M. van der Meer, G. Bleijenberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; It has been demonstrated that individual cognitive behaviour therapy is an effective treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour group therapy (CBGT) in an unselected group of CFS patients. Additionally, pretreatment characteristics of CFS patients who improve after CBGT were explored. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In a non-randomised waiting list controlled design, 31 patients were allocated to CBGT and 36 to the waiting list condition. CBGT consisted of 12 two-hour sessions during 6 months. Main outcome measures were fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength) and functional impairment (Sickness Impact Profile). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A moderate effect on fatigue in favour of CBGT was found. For functional impairment, the effect was opposite to what was expected. Patients who improved after CBGT had less complaints at baseline compared to patients who did not improve. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; An explanation for the moderate effect might be that during CBGT, rest and relaxation were too much emphasised. Furthermore, an unselected group of CFS patients and therapists inexperienced in CB(G)T for CFS participated. Suggestions to improve CBGT for future research are given.
Antihypertensive Therapy for Prehypertension
Authors: Hector O. Ventura
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Electrocardiographic Analysis of Sixty-Five Cases of Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: L. G. BENTIVOGLIO, J. F. URICCHIO, A. WALDOW, W. LIKOFF, H. GOLDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The detailed electrocardiographic analysis of a large series of patients with proved, dynamic mitral regurgitation is lacking in the medical literature. The present report intends to fill the gap and to point out and discuss some discrepancies observed between the current concepts and the results of the study.