tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histidine Treatment of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: A. Wingfield
Journal: BMJ (1936)

7-...DICAL JO.JW1tkL can cause not only arthralgias but also chronic arthritis.It does not explain all cases, but one must all the same suspect it sometimes, and institute, in addition to the local treatment for the arthritis, .ageneral trieatment for the B. coli infection.Attention has also been drawn to the presence of B. coli by Dr. Beresford-Knox in a com- munication at the Liverpool Medical Institution; he stated that in numerous cases under his care B. coli was found in the urine, and that the condition of the joints improved with vaccine therapy.No details, however, were given in the report of any other physical signs or treatment.Further investigation is undoubtedly necessary in this important issue, and may offer the lines for a new research.The role of the bowel in rheumatoid arthritis must be carefully reviewed, in view of the possibility that B. coli infection may have an intestinal origin.A careful bacteriological examination of the faeces was made in all our cases, but no abnormal flora were dis- covered.The following table gives a synopsis of the Age urine Arthritic admtission Faeces Treatment symptomlls.ad________ ission________ R esult. 43Alkalire.Traceof al-B.C.C. and Pot.cit.Auro-lar k e d imbumin-no casts, enterococci therapy P rovem en-t renal cells.or red only bcth in examicells.B.C.C. + on re- ination ani d peated examuination fr-om patient's point of view 50 Minute trace of albu-No abnormal M a n d e I i c Improved mill.No casts, vesical strains de-acid.Auro- or blood cells.tected therapy B.C.C. + 55 Minuite trace of albu-Nil abnormal C it r a t e s.Improved min.Pus cells pres-
Traumatic diaphragmatic transpericardial hernia.
Authors: H Bank, H Sinkover, M Ophir, M Shulemson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

failed to show any reason for her initial haematological problems but confirmed the presence of an infected haematoma in the thigh.There were no features of disseminated intravascular coagulation, but by this stagc she had recovered clinically from this disorder.Postoperatively the abdomen took on its normal protuberant configuration.The patient has returned to full activity.
Functional Urinary Tract Obstructions
Authors: David M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The article by Salvatierra et al on "Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux and End-Stage Renal Disease" (p 1454) in this issue shows an intelligent and praiseworthy attempt to urge more effort, on the part of the medical profession, to detect the underlying causes of renal failure in an early stage when effective treatment might be applied. It provides an opportunity to call attention to studies on functional obstruction of the urinary tract, which have been going on, relatively unnoticed, for some years.<sup>1-3</sup>The relations between structural obstruction (eg, stricture) and infection of the urinary tract are clear, but observers have been puzzled by many cases in which infection persisted despite the absence of any anatomical obstruction. Many have classified such cases as "nonobstructive infection." It has now been shown that spasm or hypertonicity of the external urethral sphincter can be a potent cause of urethral obstruction, undetectable by cystoscopic or roentgenographic
The Exposure of Health Care Workers to Ribavirin Aerosol
Authors: Michael J. Harkness
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a practicing general pediatrician in a community hospital, I have used aerosolized ribavirin frequently for the treatment of lower respiratory distress in infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus.<sup>1</sup>I therefore wish to comment on the letter by Guglielmo et al.<sup>1</sup> During the last few months, several hospitals in our area, including my own, have faced the same dilemma as Guglielmo and colleagues. There seems to be increasing pressure from hospital personnel to delineate further the risk of ribavirin exposure in the workplace, especially to women in their childbearing years. I do not believe the concerns expressed are a result of newly reported cases of teratogenic effects in humans, as I am aware of no case reports of teratogenic, embryolethal, or mutagenic effects in any primate species. I must assume that the new concerns center around the reports of Harrison et al<sup>2</sup>in the
What on earth we can do to tackle climate change
Authors: R. Stott
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We know how to combat climate change,1 and several health professional organisations are already engaged, including the Climate and Health Council (www.climateandhealth.org).

Our narrative is that climate change is bad for health, particularly for those living in poor and marginalised communities. Implementing a fair shares solution, which means radically reducing our dependence on fossil fuels while transferring resources to …
Therapeutic levels of FVIII following a single peripheral vein administration of rAAV vector encoding a novel human factor VIII variant
Authors: Jenny McIntosh, Peter J. Lenting, Cecilia Rosales, Doyoung Lee, Samira Rabbanian, Deepak Raj, Nishil Patel, Edward G. D. Tuddenham, Olivier D. Christophe, John H. McVey, Simon Waddington, Arthur W. Nienhuis, John T. Gray, Paolo Fagone, Federico Mingozzi, Shang-Zhen Zhou, Katherine A. High, Maria Cancio, Catherine Y. C. Ng, Junfang Zhou, Christopher L. Morton, Andrew M. Davidoff, Amit C. Nathwani
Journal: Blood (2013)
Nationally Representative Medical Costs of Diabetes by Time Since Diagnosis
Authors: Justin G. Trogdon, Thomas Hylands
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

This study provides nationally representative estimates for the U.S. of medical expenditures associated with diabetes by years since initial diagnosis.Expenditures are estimated using cross-sectional regression analysis on the 2000-2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey linked to the 1998-2003 National Health Interview Survey (n = 46,203). The primary variables of interest are an indicator for self-reported diabetes and the years since diabetes diagnosis.Under the base specification, a 50-year-old person just diagnosed with diabetes has medical expenditures that are 4,174 USD higher than an identical person without diabetes. On average, each additional year with diabetes increases annual medical expenditures by $158 (standard error = $38) above and beyond increases in medical expenditures due to aging. Conditional on diabetes complications, each additional year with diabetes increases annual medical expenditures by $75 (standard error = $55). Diabetes increases medical expenditures at any age, and the cumulative effect grows over time.The results show the expected trajectory of medical expenditures after diagnosis of diabetes, highlighting the benefits of prevention and control as well as informing cost-effectiveness models of diabetes interventions.
Genetics and Genomics for Clinicians
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rising Incidence of IDDM in Europe
Authors: Penelope J Bingley, Edwin A M Gale
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

A rising incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has been reported in many northern European countries, with a rate equivalent to a doubling time of 20–30 yr in some. North American and Japanese studies report a similar trend, although they are less uniform in their findings. Although the number of genetically susceptible individuals within these populations has increased, the rapidity of the change suggests that environmental factors are responsible. If these could be identified, primary prevention might become possible.
Lapatinib is active in patients with HER2-amplified breast tumors expressing p95HER2.
Authors: M Guix, CM Aura, J Jimenez, M Scaltriti, HL Gomez, DC Doval, C Ellis, R Gagnon, Y Liu, M Koehler, J Baselga
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #708 Background: A subgroup of HER2 overexpressing tumors also express p95HER2, a truncated fragment of the HER2 receptor that lacks the extracellular domain and retains kinase activity. Tumors expressing p95HER2 have a worse clinical outcome and are resistant to trastuzumab therapy (Scaltriti M. et al, JNCI 2007). The hypothesis that lapatinib, a small molecule inhibitor that targets the intracellular kinase domain of EGFR and HER2, would be active in these tumors was tested by correlating p95HER2 expression with clinical response to lapatinib in EGF20009, a lapatinib monotherapy study&amp;#x2028; Methods: Archival tumor blocks were obtained from patients (pts) participating in study EGF20009. In this study, pts with untreated locally advanced or metastatic HER2 amplified breast tumors either received lapatinib 1500mg daily or 500mg BID (H.L. Gomez et al, J Clin Oncol 2008). Pre-treatment samples were analyzed for p95HER2 expression by immunofluorescence using 2 antibodies against HER2, binding to the intracellular and extracellular domain, respectively, plus a pan-cytokeratin antibody. Tumors were scored as p95HER2 positive (p95HER2+) [if any cytoplasmic staining was detected with the intracellular HER2 antibody and this staining co-localized with the pan-cytokeratin antibody], negative (p95HER2-) [no intracellular HER2 cytoplasmic staining) or non-evaluable (N/E) [no cytokeratin or HER2 staining by immunofluorescence]. The presence of p95HER2 was then correlated with response rate (RR), stable disease for over 100 days (SD) and progression-free survival (PFS) to lapatinib. A Cox-proportional hazards model was used to compare the groups. In order to correlate the presence of p95HER2 with HER2 extracellular domain in the serum, a quantitative determination of the 105 kD ECD level in serum (Oncogene Science HER2/neu Microtiter ELISA) has also been performed.&amp;#x2028; Results: 68/105 tumors were evaluable for p95HER2 expression. Fourteen were p95HER2+ (20.5%) and 54 were p95HER2- (79.5%). The observed percentage of p95HER2+ tumors is concordant with published reports. Among the 14 pts with p95HER2+ tumors, 7 responded (RR: 50%) and 1 had SD for &amp;gt; 100 days for an overall clinical benefit rate of 57% (RR+SD). In the p95HER2- population (N=54), 24 pts responded (RR: 44.4%) and 16 pts had SD &amp;gt;100 days for an overall clinical benefit rate of 56% (RR+SD). PFS was similar in both groups, with a median PFS of 24 wks in pts with p95HER2+ and p95HER2- tumors (p=0.97, HR 1.1). These findings compare with the median PFS of 20.7 wks for the entire population in the trial (N=138pts). Further correlation of p95 status and HER2 ECD status of the tumors will be presented.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: These data demonstrate that lapatinib has similar activity in pts with p95HER2+ or p95HER2-, HER2 amplified breast tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 708.
Elevated Circulating Immune Complexes in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Henry C. Bodenheimer, Nicholas F. Larusso, Walter R. Thayer, Colette Charland, Parker J. Staples, Jurgen Ludwig
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by an association with inflammatory bowel disease in 50% or more cases. Since altered immunity, including circulating immune complexes, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, we postulated that humoral immune mechanisms might also be important in the development of PSC. Therefore, as an initial step in testing this hypothesis, we examined sera of patients with PSC for the presence of circulating immune complexes by two independent methods: Clq binding and Raji cell assays. Twenty–four patients with PSC, 16 of whom had coexisting chronic ulcerative colitis, were prospectively selected by predefined biochemical, histologic, and radiographic criteria. Sixteen patients with inflammatory bowel disease and normal liver tests as well as six patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction served as disease controls. Sera were positive for circulating immune complexes by at least one method in 80% (16/20) of patients with PSC; 70% (14/ 20) were positive by the Raji cell assay, 58% (14/24) by the Clq binding assay, and 45% (9/20) by both methods. Levels of circulating immune complexes by each assay were higher in sera from patients with PSC than in sera from healthy controls or patients with inflammatory bowel disease alone (p &lt; 0.01). There were no differences in the levels of circulating immune complexes or in the frequency of positive tests in PSC patients with or without associated inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, there was no difference between the Raji cell binding of sera from six patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and six healthy controls tested concurrently. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that immunologic mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of PSC.
Cancer Risk Near a Polluted River in Finland
Authors: Pia K. Verkasalo, Esa Kokki, Eero Pukkala, Terttu Vartiainen, Hannu Kiviranta, Antti Penttinen, Juha Pekkanen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The River Kymijoki in southern Finland is heavily polluted with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and may pose a health threat to local residents, especially farmers. In this study we investigated cancer risk in people living near the river (less than 20.0 km) in 1980. We used a geographic information system, which stores registry data, in 500 m times 500 m grid squares, from the Population Register Centre, Statistics Finland, and Finnish Cancer Registry. From 1981 to 2000, cancer incidence in all people (N = 188884) and in farmers (n = 11132) residing in the study area was at the level expected based on national rates. Relative risks for total cancer and 27 cancer subtypes were calculated by distance of individuals to the river in 1980 (reference: 5.0-19.9 km, 1.0-4.9 km, less than 1.0 km), adjusting for sex, age, time period, socioeconomic status, and distance of individuals to the sea. The respective relative risks for total cancer were 1.00, 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.13], and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.99-1.09) among all residents, and 1.00, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.85-1.15), and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.97-1.32) among farmers. A statistically significant increase was observed for basal cell carcinoma of the skin (not included in total cancers) in all residents less than 5.0 km. Several other common cancers, including cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, gallbladder, and nervous system, showed slightly elevated risk estimates at less than 5.0 km from the river. Despite the limitations of exposure assessment, we cannot exclude the possibility that residence near the river may have contributed to a small increase in cancer risk, especially among farmers.
Regulatory mechanisms for transforming growth factorβ as an autocrine inhibitor in human hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications for roles of Smads in its growth
Authors: Koichi Matsuzaki, Masataka Date, Fukiko Furukawa, Yoshiya Tahashi, Masanori Matsushita, Yasushi Sugano, Noriyo Yamashiki, Taichi Nakagawa, Toshihito Seki, Mikio Nishizawa, Junichi Fujisawa, Kyoichi Inoue
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) initiates signaling through heteromeric complexes of transmembrane type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. Activated TGF-β type I receptor phosphorylates receptor-regulated Smads (2 and 3). Antagonistic Smad 7 forms stable association with the activated TGF-β type I receptor, blocking phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smads. On the other hand, elevated serum concentration of TGF-β along with resistance to its growth-inhibitory effect is commonly observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of resistance to tumor-derived TGF-β in human HCC and hepatoblastoma-derived cell lines, focusing on the roles of receptor-regulated Smads and antagonistic Smad 7. HuH-7 and HepG2 cells showed poor response to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition. Because neutralization of TGF-β in the medium or blockage of signal transduction pathway by inductions of dominant negative Smad 2/3 resulted in a stimulation of cell growth, tumor-derived TGF-β signal acts on cell growth negatively. However, Smad 7 induced by TGF-β negatively regulated Smad 2 action and rendered most Smad 2 proteins in the cytoplasm. Taken together, these results indicate that endogenous TGF-β-mediated induction of Smad 7 results in a higher “threshold” for the antiproliferative signals mediated by receptor-regulated Smads, and can be involved in reduced responsiveness to the cytokine in some human HCC cells.
Slower fibrosis progression in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with successful HIV suppression using antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Norbert Bräu, Mirella Salvatore, Carlos F. Ríos-Bedoya, Alberto Fernández-Carbia, Fiorenzo Paronetto, José F. Rodríguez-Orengo, Maribel Rodríguez-Torres
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Derivation and validation of a new global method for assessing nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis†
Authors: Marsha Y. Morgan, Angela M. Madden, Clare T. Soulsby, Richard W. Morris
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Accurate assessments of nutritional status are difficult to obtain in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to devise and validate a global nutritional assessment scheme for use in this patient population. Measures of body mass index (BMI) and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) were combined with details of dietary intake in a semistructured, algorithmic construct to provide a nutritional assessment scheme for use in patients with cirrhosis; evaluated individuals were classified as adequately nourished, moderately malnourished (or suspected to be), or severely malnourished. There was good interobserver agreement in the nutritional categorization of 50 patients with cirrhosis (34 men, 16 women) using this scheme (κ = 0.79) and significant associations with the contributing objective variables—namely, BMI (Spearman's correlation r = −0.78; P < .001) and relative MAMC (r = −0.69; P < .001)—confirming its internal validity. There was a significant association between nutritional categorization in 20 patients with cirrhosis (10 men, 10 women) and estimates of total body protein obtained using a four-component model (r = −0.45; P = .046), confirming the external validity of the scheme. Finally, a significant association was found between poor nutritional status in 116 patients with cirrhosis (65 men, 51 women), followed for 14 to 52 months, and shorter subsequent survival (P = .0005), confirming the scheme's predictive validity. In conclusion, a global assessment scheme has been devised that provides a simple, reproducible, valid, and predictive method of assessing nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:823–835.)
Liver transplantation as a model to better understand the cell entry of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Cyril Féray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

End-stage liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause for liver transplantation (LT). Due to viral evasion from host immune responses and the absence of preventive anti-viral strategies, reinfection of the graft is universal. The mechanisms by which the virus evades host immunity to re-infect the liver graft are unknown. In a longitudinal analysis of six HCV-infected patients undergoing LT, we demonstrate that HCV variants re-infecting the liver graft were characterized by efficient entry and poor neutralization by antibodies present in pre-transplant serum compared with variants not detected after transplantation. Monoclonal antibodies directed against HCV envelope glycoproteins or a cellular entry factor efficiently cross-neutralized infection of human hepatocytes by patient-derived viral isolates that were resistant to autologous host-neutralizing responses. These findings provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of viral evasion during HCV reinfection and suggest that viral entry is a viable target for prevention of HCV reinfection of the liver graft.
Fibronectin in human bile fluid for diagnosis of malignant biliary diseases
Authors: T Körner, J Kropf, R Hackler, A Brenzel, A M Gressner
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In a preliminary study, we demonstrated a strong association between the concentration of the glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) in human bile fluid and the presence of malignant biliary diseases. We now present the results of measurements of total FN (tFN) and cellular FN (cFN) within a larger group of 71 patients. Bile fluid was collected during routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiography or by transhepatic puncture, respectively, from patients admitted for examination/treatment of biliary obstruction. Determination of tFN in bile was performed using a previously described time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA). For cFN, a newly developed TRFIA, using a specific monoclonal antibody for the EDA epitope of cFN, was applied. Within the noncarcinoma group of patients (n=50), consistently low concentrations of tFN (median = 5 ng/mL) were found. In most of these cases, the corresponding concentrations of cFN were below the detection limit (2.6 ng/mL) of this assay. Highly significantly elevated concentrations were found for both tFN (median = 1,220 ng/mL) and cFN (median = 243 ng/mL) in the carcinoma group (n = 21) in comparison with the noncarcinoma group ( P ≤ .01). By adopting cutoff values of 60 ng/mL for tFN and &gt; 0 ng/mL for cFN, diagnostic sensitivities for carcinoma of the biliary tract of 0.89 and 0.92, and specificities of 0.96 and 0.98, respectively, were computed. FN in bile fluid is suggested as a sensitive, specific, and easily determined marker for differential diagnosis of malignant and benign diseases of the biliary tract.