tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Growth hormone mRNA in mammary gland tumors of dogs and cats.
Authors: J A Mol, E van Garderen, P J Selman, J Wolfswinkel, A Rijinberk, G R Rutteman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have shown recently that in the dog progestin administration results in mammary production of immunoreactive growth hormone (GH). At present we demonstrate the expression of the gene encoding GH in the mammary gland of dogs and cats using reverse-transcriptase PCR. GH mRNA was found in the great majority of normal mammary tissues as well as benign and malignant mammary tumors of the dog and was associated with the presence of immunoreactive GH in cryostat sections. The mammary PCR product proved to be identical to that of the pituitary. The highest expression levels were found after prolonged treatment with progestins. In carcinomas GH mRNA was also found in progesterone receptor-negative tissue samples, indicating that after malignant transformation GH gene expression may become progestin independent. GH mRNA was also present in mammary tissues of cats with progestin-induced fibroadenomatous changes. It is concluded that GH gene expression occurs in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic mammary tissue of the dog. The expression in normal tissue is stimulated by progestins and might mediate the progestin-stimulated development of canine mammary tumors. The demonstration of progestin-stimulated GH expression in mammary tissue of cats indicates that the phenomenon is more generalized among mammals.
"Run for fun"--and health.
Authors: B Rosin
Journal: BMJ (1979)

antigenic concentrations of plasma anti- proteases, as protease-antiprotease complexes with no functional activity are still detected immunochemically.Of particular relevance to the above mentioned article were the observa- tions of Teger-Nilsson,7 who found that functional antiplasmin activities in patients with acute venous thrombosis were normal on the day of diagnosis and that elevated activities were found three and four days after the diagnosis.Another point to be considered is the possible role of platelet antiproteases released during thrombus formation.Platelets contain inhibitors of fibrinolysis,8 which would certainly hinder thrombus resolution.We would like to suggest that chromogenic substrate assays for the estimation of functional antiprotease activities should be included in any protocol for studies on the various plasma protease systems.These assays, which are simple and rapid to perform, give a better indication of the inhibitor status than immunochemical determinations.
Vasomotor Reactions to Heat among Patients with Arterial Disease
Authors: TRAVIS WINSOR
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Plethysmographic studies of the vasomotor reactions of the digits accompanying body heating were of value in the early detection of peripheral arterial disease. In normal individuals, labile vasomotor activity was shown by great changes in digital volume (a large pulse, alpha and beta waves). These changes were diminished or absent in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Abstract 3164: Posttranscriptional regulation of opiate tolerance by OPRM1 splice variants following morphine/fig (<i>Ficus carica</i>) leaf extract treatment of human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells
Authors: Alrena V. Lightbourn, Carl B. Goodman, Zhi-Ping Zhu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aberrant splicing events have been implicated in a growing number of diseases, including cancer. The pharmacological significance of newly identified mu opioid receptor (MOR-1) alternative splice variants has not been characterized relative to drug response mechanisms and may inform the issue of morphine tolerance. Among the 70-90% of cancer patients requiring individualized opioid therapy for intense chronic pain, the response to prototypical opiates like morphine is highly variable, necessitating dose escalation with an increased risk of developing tolerance. It has been suggested that chronic morphine exposure has little, if any, effect on MOR-1 regulation. If this is true, then chronic exposure should also have no effect on variant forms of receptor. We therefore tested the hypothesis that, following chronic exposure to morphine and/or fig leaf extract, MOR-1 variants would be differentially regulated as evidenced by altered relative mRNA expression levels. Retinoic-acid differentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells were treated with morphine (10 µM), fig leaf extract (3 µL/30 mL media), or both for 48 hours before analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using the Bio-Rad iCycler/MyiQ™. MOR-1 variant forms identified by analysis included: MOR1A, MOR1-B1, MOR1-B2, MOR1-B3, MOR1-B5, MOR1-K1. MOR1B4 expression was negligible. Variant mRNA expression was differentially regulated in 92% of the samples treated with fig leaf extracts from 7 cultivars (Green Ishia, Brown Turkey, Mission, Alma, Giant Celeste, Nero, Hollier). Fig administered alone up-regulated MOR-1 splice variant expression (1.6 to 16.9-fold), but these levels were suppressed in combination with morphine (0.2 to 0.8-fold). Also in combined treatment groups, MOR1-K1 and MOR1-B2 mRNA levels consistently up-regulated or down-regulated together. Morphine given alone down-regulated variant expression (0.2 to 0.7-fold). Closer inspection of MOR-1 alternative splice variants under experimental conditions appear to disqualify the assumption that MOR-1 receptor expression remains unchanged under chronic exposure conditions. The results of this study confirm our hypothesis that MOR-1 splice variants are differentially regulated following chronic exposure to morphine and other agents. Further examination of the functional role of MOR-1B2 and MOR1-K1 variants may contribute to our understanding of the mechanistic basis of morphine tolerance and may give clues as to the therapeutic benefit of targeting transcriptional isoforms the receptor for cancer pain relief. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3164.
Differential Expression of Extracellular Matrix Constituents and Cell Adhesion Molecules between Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Mesothelial Hyperplasia
Authors: Greta Alì, Nicla Borrelli, Giannini Riccardo, Agnese Proietti, Serena Pelliccioni, Cristina Niccoli, Laura Boldrini, Marco Lucchi, Alfredo Mussi, Gabriella Fontanini
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Future of psychotherapy in the NHS: Control groups play important part
Authors: D B Double
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In discussing the future of psychotherapy, Goldbeck-Wood and Fonagy comment on the difficulties in providing meaningful evidence about efficacy.1 However, they do not explain that the specific problem is about the adequacy of control groups.2

Comparison of active with control treatment in psychotherapy cannot be conducted double blind as subjects inevitably know to which group they …
Prospective Study of Serum Cholesterol Levels during First Year of Life
Authors: J. M. Darmady, A. S. Fosbrooke, J. K. Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A longitudinal prospective study of serum cholesterol concentrations during the first year of life has been carried out in 302 healthy babies. The results show that serum cholesterol estimations in cord blood cannot be used as a screening test for the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia. The only child subsequently found to have the condition had a cord serum cholesterol of 85 mg/100 ml compared with the mean value for the group of 78 mg/100 ml. The babies who had cord values greater than 100 mg/100 ml had values distributed throughout the normal range when re-examined at 1 year of age. Serum cholesterol concentrations during the early months of life were markedly influenced by the type of milk fed; it is suggested that investigations to establish the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia are deferred until the child is about 1 year old and feeding with cows' milk and mixed diet is established.Values obtained for serum cholesterol concentrations (mg/100 ml, mean +/- 1 S.D.) in healthy infants in this study were: at birth 78 +/- 23, at 1 week 155 +/- 31, at 6 weeks 155 +/- 31, at 4 months 184 +/- 36, at 8 months 195 +/- 37, and at 1 year 191 +/- 36.
Public Health in the Age of Ebola in West Africa
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm, Kristine A. Moore, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The world is witnessing the unprecedented unfolding of the West African Ebola epidemic.The epidemic could have major ramifications for global public health in ways that no other modern infectious disease has, perhaps including AIDS, and can be viewed as a "Black Swan" event.Nassim Nicholas Taleb, the Lebanese-American author and scholar, introduced the metaphor of the black swan, a bird that was once thought not to exist, to explain financial events.Subsequently, Taleb extended the Black Swan concept, in his 2007 book of the same name, beyond finance to explain high-profile, difficult-to-predict, and rare events in history and the present 1(ppxxi-xxii) :What we call here a Black Swan (and capitalize it) is an event with the following three attributes.First, it is an outlier, as it lies outside the realm of regular expectations, because nothing in the past can convincingly point to its possibility.Second, it carries an extreme "impact."Third, in spite of its outlier status, human nature makes us concoct explanations for its occurrence after the fact, making it explainable and predictable.The West African Ebola epidemic has all the makings of a Black Swan event with one exception-the global public health community will be working to contain it for months, or years, to come.As of October 2014, there is no evidence that this devastating epidemic is anywhere near under control.If the number of new cases of Ebola virus disease projected by the World Health Organization (WHO) (20 000 cases by early November 2014) 2 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1.4 million cases in Liberia and Sierra Leone by the middle of January 2015 if there are no or unsuccessful interventions) 3 materialize in West Africa over the next several months, it is difficult to imagine that the virus will not make its way into other African countries, particularly densely populated cities such as Dakar, Senegal; Abidjan, Ivory Coast; Lagos, Nigeria; Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; or Nairobi, Kenya.Newly infected, but not ill or only mildly ill, persons could leave the affected countries by foot, automobiles, trains, and even planes that move across the continent.With millions of Africans living in crowded, squalid conditions of poverty in the large slums of major urban centers, circumstances are ripe for an even larger Ebola epidemic throughout continental Africa.What can be learned from the first phases of the unfolding Ebola epidemic in West Africa?Already, we have learned that Ebola in urban Africa creates a much different situation than Ebola in rural Africa, that early rapid interventions are needed to prevent Ebola from spiraling out of control, and that quarantine efforts are more likely to backfire than to curtail the spread of disease.Two lessons, however, have changed our thinking about infectious disease threats and their potential effects on international and regional security, economic stability, and overarching public health governance.
Spring Books: Considering plight of coloured immigrants
Authors: H. R Rollin
Journal: BMJ (1982)

enunciated the doctrine of pragmatism-namely, that a proposi- tion is true if it is satisfying to believe, either because the expectations it excites are fulfilled or because it contributes to the satisfactoriness of, or effectiveness in, the conduct of life.He asserted that "when the brain acts, a thought occurs," and also that "mental phenomena lead to bodily processes .. .and occasion changes in the calibre of blood vessels, or alterations in the heart-beats, or processes more subtle still."He stated a general law in the form: "No mental modification ever occurs which is not accompanied or followed by a bodily change."Note that he talked of conditions and consequences not causes.Emotion, he concluded, depends on the perception of the bodily changes occurring in response to an emotion-arousing situation (the "James-Lange" theory)-that is, fear is the perception of running away or, we may add, preparing to do so.He also suggested that emotions, distinguished by the actions they perceive, are not purely bodily, though he admitted that we have no criterion on which to distinguish spiritual and corporeal feelings.Unwilling to confine himself to the laboratory, James soon returned to the contemplative life of the philosopher's study.He did not doubt, however, that laboratory psychology, freed from philosophy, would be practically successful and important in describing the processes of remembering, perceiving, deciding, desiring, feeling, and so on and in discovering the conditions affecting them in the brain and environment.He is one of the founders of modern psychology who still grows in stature.
Assessment of Estrogenic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Actions in the Brain Using <i>in Vivo</i> Somatic Gene Transfer
Authors: Vance L. Trudeau, Nathalie Turque, Sébastien Le Mével, Caroline Alliot, Natacha Gallant, Laurent Coen, Farzad Pakdel, Barbara Demeneix
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals abnormally stimulate vitellogenin gene expression and production in the liver of many male aquatic vertebrates. However, very few studies demonstrate the effects of estrogenic pollutants on brain function. We have used polyethylenimine-mediated in vivo somatic gene transfer to introduce an estrogen response element–thymidine kinase–luciferase (ERE-TK-LUC) construct into the brain. To determine if waterborne estrogenic chemicals modulate gene transcription in the brain, we injected the estrogen-sensitive construct into the brains of Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 54 Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Both ethinylestradiol (EE2; p &lt; 0.002) and bisphenol A (BPA; p &lt; 0.03) increased luciferase activity by 1.9- and 1.5-fold, respectively. In contrast, low physiologic levels of 17β-estradiol had no effect (p &gt; 0.05). The mixed antagonist/agonist tamoxifen was estrogenic in vivo and increased (p &lt; 0.003) luciferase activity in the tadpole brain by 2.3-fold. There have been no previous reports of somatic gene transfer to the fish brain; therefore, it was necessary to optimize injection and transfection conditions for the adult goldfish (Carassius auratus). Following third brain ventricle injection of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-green fluorescent protein or CMV-LUC gene constructs, we established that cells in the telencephalon and optic tectum are transfected. Optimal transfections were achieved with 1 μg DNA complexed with 18 nmol 22 kDa polyethylenimine 4 days after brain injections. Exposure to EE2 increased brain luciferase activity by 2-fold in males (p &lt; 0.05) but not in females. Activation of an ERE-dependent luciferase reporter gene in both tadpole and fish indicates that waterborne estrogens can directly modulate transcription of estrogen-responsive genes in the brain. We provide a method adaptable to aquatic organisms to study the direct regulation of estrogen-responsive genes in vivo.
Management of Acute Stroke
Authors: Mitchell S.V. Elkind
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 March 2000Management of Acute StrokeMitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MSMitchell S.V. Elkind, MD, MSDepartment of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York. (Elkind)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-5-200003070-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Shuaib A, Goldstein LB, eds. 541 pages. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1999. $175.00. ISBN 0824770927. Order phone 800-228-1160.Field of medicine: Cerebrovascular disease.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Neurologists, internists, and emergency care physicians. Vascular and neurologic surgeons, neuroradiologists, family practitioners, house officers, and investigators of stroke pathophysiology will find selected sections useful.Purpose: To review stroke pathophysiology and act as a reference on the clinical management of acute cerebrovascular disease.Content: This small but thorough book comprises two sections, each with 13 chapters. The first section covers the initial evaluation of the patient presenting with stroke, including public policy issues; ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York. (Elkind) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 5Page: 424KeywordsCerebrovascular diseasesNeurologyPublic policyResearch laboratoriesSoftware toolsStrokeSubarachnoid hemorrhageSurgeonsSurgeryYoung adults ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 7 March 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Churchill: the Struggle for Survival 1940-1965
Authors: M. Down
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was the greatest British statesman of the past century, and perhaps of any century. Yet in the popular imagination he has become little more than a stereotype. Lord Moran’s book is remarkable in that it is an intimate portrayal of the doctor-patient relationship, except that the patient happens to be Churchill himself, and the picture that emerges is anything but stereotypical.

In May 1940, when Moran was plain Sir Charles Wilson, the author took on the guardianship of Churchill’s health. From the ensuing 25 years a book emerged that is a biography, an autobiography, and …
Children of women with fertility problems are more likely to have psychiatric disorders, study finds
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Children born to mothers with fertility problems have a higher risk of psychiatric problems in childhood and young adulthood, a large Danish study has found. However, the biological basis of this association remained unclear.

At an annual meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology held in Munich, Allen Jensen of the Danish Cancer Society Research Centre in Copenhagen said that the results came from a database of all children born in Denmark from 1969 to 2006—a total of 2.4 million children, of whom 5% (124 384) had been born to women with fertility problems.

Over a follow-up period of 20 years the team found that 170 240 children had been admitted to hospital with psychiatric disorders. Those born to women with fertility problems were found to …
The One-year Surgical Outcome after Prism Adaptation for the Management of Acquired Esotropia
Authors: Michael X. Repka, John E. Connett, William E. Scott
Journal: Ophthalmology (1996)

To report the 1-year motor and sensory outcomes for patients with acquired comitant esotropia managed with preoperative prism adaptation.Patients entered a multicenter randomized prospective evaluation of prism adaptation before strabismus surgery. Prism responders were randomized to surgery with the target angle based on either the entry angle or the adapted angle of esotropia. Three hundred five patients (92 percent of cohort) completed 1-year postoperative follow-up.The overall motor success rate for all patients in the study was 74 percent. Prism responders operated on for the adapted esotropic target angle had a satisfactory motor outcome more often than those operated on for the entry angle, 90 percent compared with 75 percent (P = 0.04). Significant predictors of a satisfactory motor outcome after surgery were prism adaptation, female sex, and hyperopia greater than or equal to +3.00 D. Prism responders operated on for the adapted angle showed fusion of the Worth 4-dot at substantially more often than did those operated on for the entry angle, 75 percent compared with 60 percent (P = 0.12).Prism adaptation significantly improves the 1-year motor outcome after esotropia surgery in prism responders. There is no increase in the number of overcorrections. These results confirm the value of allotting the extra time and potential expense needed for this technique.
Relation between gastric cancer and previous peptic ulcer disease.
Authors: R M Molloy, A Sonnenberg
Journal: Gut (1997)

It is presently not well understood to what extent peptic ulcer and gastric cancer represent related diseases.The objective of this study was to assess past occurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcers in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia or other parts of the stomach.The association between peptic ulcer and gastric cancer was studied among patients followed up at hospitals of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Two populations of 1069 subjects with cancer of the cardia and 3078 subjects with cancer of other parts of the stomach were compared with a control population of 89082 subjects without gastric cancer. In multivariate logistic regressions, presence or absence of cancer served as the outcome variable, while age, sex, race, previous histories of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, peptic ulcer site unspecified, gastric resection, or vagotomy served as modifier variables.Old age, non-white ethnicity, and male sex proved strong and independent risk factors for non-cardiac gastric cancer. A previous history of gastric, but not duodenal ulcer was associated with a significantly raised odd ratio of 1.53 (95% confidence interval: 1.24 to 1.87). Cancer of the cardia affected predominantly whites, and was relatively more common in men than non-cardiac gastric cancer. Past gastric ulcers exerted no significant influence (1.02, 0.67 to 1.56), while duodenal ulcers and peptic ulcer site unspecified were protective (duodenal ulcer: 0.68, 0.47 to 0.95; peptic ulcer disease: 0.66, 0.47 to 1.00). Partial gastrectomy was a risk factor for non-cardiac gastric cancer (1.86, 1.32 to 2.63), but not for cancer of the cardia (1.09, 0.54 to 2.20).These epidemiological patterns might stem from underlying differences in the influences of gastritis and acid secretion on the development of the two cancer types.
Causes and management of anal irritation.
Authors: J Alexander-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Anal irritation is principally a skin problem.Most people are aware of how rapidly a severe "nappy rash" will appear in a baby if it is left in a wet or dirty napkin for hours or even minutes.Anal irritation is frequently caused by a condition similar to a nappy rash; the normal resistance of the skin is reduced by moisture or by small particles of faeces that may lurk in the crevices of furrowed skin around the anus.The subsequent irritation leads to scratching, which in turn damages the skin, breaking the surface.This allows germs, which usually abound in the area, to gain access beneath the surface and aggravate the problem.Furthermore, many people apply creams or oint- ment obtained from their friends, the chemist, or even the doc- tor.These can damage the skin resistance or perhaps produce an eczema like rash similar to the type of skin allergy that can occur from the use of perfumes or detergents.The principles of treat- ment are to keep the anal skin clean and dry, to avoid damage by scratching or rubbing, and to avoid applying irritants.
Atrial defibrillation using temporary epicardial defibrillation stainless steel wire electrodes: Studies in the canine sterile pericarditis model
Authors: José Ortiz, Mary C. Sokoloski, Gregory M. Ayers, Brian L. Cmolik, Shinichi Niwano, Alexander S. Geha, Albert L. Waldo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
RURAL-URBAN DISPARITIES IN WARFARIN TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Meytal Avgil Tsadok, Cynthia Jackevicius, Mark Eisenberg, Vidal Essebag, Elham Rahme, Karin Humphries, Jack Tu, Louise Pilote
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)