tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Na/H exchange in avian intestine by atrial natriuretic factor.
Authors: C E Semrad, E J Cragoe, E B Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Effects of 8-bromo-cGMP (8-Br-cGMP) and synthetic rat atriopeptin III (APIII) on sodium absorption by isolated chicken villus enterocytes and intact chicken ileal mucosa were determined. In isolated cells, both agents significantly decreased initial rates of influx of 22Na and caused a persistent decrease in intracellular pH (pHi); effects that are not additive to those caused by amiloride (10(-3) M). The ED50 for APIII was 0.3 nM. In intact mucosa, both 8-Br-cGMP (10(-4) M) and 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride (MIBA) (10(-5) M) reduced JNams and JNa.net, their effects were not additive. APIII (10(-7) M) significantly increased cellular cGMP but not cAMP. Both 8-Br-cGMP (10(-4) M) and APIII (10(-7) M) stimulated a persistent increase in cytosolic calcium (Cai), which could be prevented by pretreating the cells with the cytosolic calcium buffering agent MAPTAM or with H-8, an inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with H-8 or the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium (CM), prevented the effects of 8-Br-cGMP and APIII on pHi. However, the pHi response to subsequent addition of the calcium-ionophore ionomycin was blocked only by CM and not by H-8. These data suggest that APIII and 8-Br-cGMP inhibit amiloride-sensitive Na/H exchange by increasing Cai, an event requiring activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
Development of screening tests for aneuploidy induction by environmental pollutants.
Authors: I D Adler, J M Parry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

When legally required mutagenicity testing of chemicals is undertaken, the important genetic end point of aneuploidy is not included because validated test methods are lacking. Therefore, the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) has funded a research program to develop and validate tests for aneuploidy induction. Ten chemicals, selected on the basis of their ability to interact with cell organelles relevant for aneuploidy induction, were tested in 11 laboratories. The assays ranged from in vitro tubulin assembly studies to in vivo germ-cell tests. The results allow several conclusions: a) Fungal aneuploidy tests are not capable of detecting inhibitors of mammalian tubulin polymerization such as colchicine and vinblastine. Therefore, they will not play a role in screening for aneuploidy but are of value for studying the relationship between induced aneuploidy and recombination. b) Chemicals that induce aneuploidy in mammalian germ cells are readily detected in the in vitro mammalian cell systems. Some chemicals such as thiabendazole and thimerosal induce aneuploidy in vitro but do not appear to be very effective in vivo. c) Cell division aberrations induced in mammalian cells in vitro seem to be predictive for aneuploidy induction in the same cell type. Likewise, c-mitotic effects and cell cycle delay in vivo in mitotic and meiotic cells correlate with aneuploidy induction in the respective tissue. A second CEC Aneuploidy Program has started recently to refine the most promising test protocols, to provide understanding of variety of mechanisms by which chemicals induce aneuploidy, and to establish a data base for aneugens among environmental pollutants.
The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus by Means of Pancreatic Juice
Authors: H. W. G. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1893)

JoURNA v active syphilitic process, might convey the infection to others, and quoted cases in support of the opinion that visceral lesions of the tertiary stage might be infectious under conditions which rendered contagion possible.SrnBDIvrISIONs OF TI1E SUBJECT.Owing to the facts tlhat, though syphilitic lesion of theb nervous centres fell into several wvell-marked categories, the symptoms were not always, or even generally, so distinctive as to allow non-fatal cases to be arranged in corresponding groups, and that even post-rnortem examination might leave some uncertainity, lie, proposed to deal for the most part with fatal cases under the htead of (ac) disease of vessels, (¼) gum- mata, and (c) inflammatory infiltration of tissues, but also to refer to non-fatal cases.
DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFLAMMATION, APOPTOSIS AND REMODELING ARE ATTENUATED BY CARDIAC-SPECIFIC TRANSGENIC INHIBITION OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPAB
Authors: Santosh K. Sanganalmath, Yu-Ting Xuan, Yanqing Zhu, Yiru Guo, Robert J. Vincent, Todd C. Crawford, William B. Wead, Irving G. Joshua, Roberto Bolli, Buddhadeb Dawn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Strangulation of an Appendage by Hair Wrapping
Authors: Joel J. Alpert, Robert Filler, Helen H. Glaser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE purpose of this report is to call attention to human hair as a potential source of injury to young children. The 3 cases described concern children with constriction of an appendage by a band of human hair. In each, the resulting signs of local inflammation were not immediately recognized as being due to a foreign body, which in this case was human hair. Failure to recognize and remove the hair could have resulted in amputation of the appendage. Fortunately, all 3 of these children received medical care in time to prevent ischemic necrosis and gangrene, and in each case . . .
Ambulatory photodynamic therapy: a new concept in delivering photodynamic therapy
Authors: H. Moseley, J.W. Allen, S. Ibbotson, A. Lesar, A. McNeill, M.A. Camacho-Lopez, I.D.W. Samuel, W. Sibbett, J. Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to be effective in treating Bowen's disease, superficial basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis. Objectives To investigate the feasibility of delivering PDT using a portable light-emitting diode device. Methods A prototype diode array, comprising 37 AlGaInP diodes cast in epoxy with a diffuser, and driven by a battery pack, was designed and constructed. A pilot study was carried out in five patients with histologically proven Bowen's disease who were referred for PDT with 5-aminolaevulinic acid. They were all treated in the hospital-based dermatology PDT suite such that each received the same level of supervision as patients receiving PDT with nonambulatory light sources. Patients recorded pain levels. In accordance with our usual practice, patients received two treatments at a 4-week interval. Results Four of five patients were clear at follow-up (range 6–13 months, median 9). Pain was classified as none or mild in 80% of treatments and moderate in the remainder. Conclusions There are many potential benefits of ambulatory PDT, including the possibility of a much higher patient throughput, and allowing effective treatment at home. This pilot study provides early promising data of the safety and efficacy of this approach.
What does my eye tell your mind?
Authors: Rebecca M. Frumkina
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Palmer's suggestion that color might serve as an appropriate field in which to test the hypotheses on the relations among brain, mind, and behavior is misleading. Human color experience as related to mind must be considered as a cultural, as well as a natural phenomenon. It is important to avoid approaching facts of language as mere nomenclature; otherwise, concepts are reduced to percepts.
Rosacea of common male baldness
Authors: MALGORZATA GAJEWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Four patients are described in whom rosacea occurred on the face, and on the scalp in patches of baldness. Histopathological examination of the specimens taken from the scalp showed changes of rosacea and basophilic degeneration of collagen. In two patients direct immunofluorescence studies were performed; in one of these the presence of IgG deposits at the dermo-epidermal junction was demonstrated. These observations confirm the influence of external factors in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
The Tissue Distribution and Excretion of Radioactive Digitoxin
Authors: C. S. FISCHER, A. SJOERDSMA, R. JOHNSON
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The tissue distribution and excretion of radioactive digitoxin and its metabolites were studied in normal rats and cats and in rats with dietary induced myocardial lesions. The prolonged cardiac and renal retention of digitoxin and its derivatives, associated with the persistence of these substancces in the excreta of sensitive animals, supports the concept of storage as an explanation for the cumulative action of certain of the cardiac glycosides. There is a suggestive increase in digitoxin metabolism in heart failure.
862. Adipose Tissue Transduction Using AAV8-Based Vectors: Inadvertent Gene Transfer into Liver
Authors: Yuan Yuan Zhang, Tsuyoshi Ogura, Jun Mimuro, Takashi Okada, Akihiro Kume, Yoichi Sakata, Keiya Ozawa, Hiroaki Mizukami
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have shown that intra-adipose tissue injection using AAV1 vectors resulted in tissue-specific transgene expression in db/db mice. To attain a more efficient expression, we tried the same method using AAV8-based vector (AAV8-CMV-Epo). Remarkably higher plasma Epo concentration was observed. When a vector encoding human Factor IX (AAV8-CMV-hFIX) was used at a dose of 2 |[times]| 1011 vg/body, more than 10% equivalent of normal human concentration was observed and considered as therapeutic level. In order to confirm tissue specific expression, transduced adipose tissues were surgically removed and plasma Factor IX concentration was pursued one week later. Surprisingly, approximately two-third of plasma concentration remained after total elimination of target tissue. Copy number of hFIX mRNA within the tissue correlated well with the plasma Factor IX concentration, supporting the contribution of both tissues. In vivo imaging analysis by IVIS system suggested transgene expression within liver when AAV8 vector encoding luciferase was used for adipose tissue transduction. Organ specific expression analyzed by ex vivo imaging confirmed robust expression in liver rather than adipose tissue. These data suggest extreme tropism of AAV8-based vectors to liver, and we should be careful about overestimating results when tissues other than liver were targeted.
The Child B case reflections of a chief executive
Authors: S. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Whenever I think that enough time has passed since Jaymee Bowen's death for me to reflect on my experience as the manager at the centre of the case I am confronted by yet another ill informed and emotional commentary (18 January, p 200). I now realise that I must resign myself to the fact that the degree of international interest provoked by the case is such that commentary will run and run. If I am to join the debate now is the time for me to end my self imposed silence on the matter.

The decision not to fund Jaymee's treatment was taken by my authority, not by me acting alone. But in fulfilling my role as communicator of the decision I soon became the highly personalised focus of populist media attention. The decision was based entirely on a consensus of expert medical opinion derived from doctors who had been treating her. At no time did my authority ever contemplate withdrawing funding for accepted, conventional treatment. Indeed, as soon as her privately funded experimental treatment ceased my authority quietly resumed the funding responsibility.

Our decision was one taken on the basis …
The UK NIHR multicentre randomised COMICE trial of MRI planning for breast conserving treatment for breast cancer.
Authors: PJ Drew, I Harvey, A Hanby, S Brown, C Olivier, V Napp, J Brown, LW Turnbull, on Behalf of Comice Trialists
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #51 The role of the addition of MR imaging (MRI) to routine techniques for loco-regional staging of primary breast cancer is unclear. The UK NIHR HTA multicentre COMICE trial considered whether adding an MRI scan to conventional triple assessment (mammogram, ultrasound and biopsy) assisted loco-regional staging and thereby reduced re-operation rates, for patients with primary breast cancer scheduled for wide local excision.&amp;#x2028; The primary endpoint of the COMICE trial considered the proportion of patients undergoing a repeat operation or mastectomy at further surgery within six months of randomisation, or an avoidable mastectomy at initial surgery (re-operation rate). This was compared using logistic regression adjusting for age, breast density, and surgeon.&amp;#x2028; Between December 2001 and January 2007 1625 patients were randomised to receive MRI (817) or not (808). Re-operation rate within six months (primary outcome) was 18.8% (MRI) and 19.3% (no MRI). No significant difference between the arms was detected (odds ratio=0.96, 95% CI=[0.75, 1.24], p=0.7691). Secondary endpoints included quality of life, imaging effectiveness and local recurrence.&amp;#x2028; The results of the COMICE trial indicate no significant benefit in terms of reduction in re-operation rates, by the addition of MRI to conventional triple assessment for this patient group. These results have importance from both health economic and patient burden perspectives.&amp;#x2028; This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme (project number 99/27/05) and will be published in full in an HTA report.The view and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the UK Department of Health. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 51.
Surgical treatment of upper alimentary bleeding.
Authors: H L Duthie
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The place of surgery in the management of patients with bleeding into the stomach or duodenum is largely governed by two aspects of the haemorrhage: the total volume of blood lost and the rate of bleeding.Other factors which are of importance are the cause of the bleeding and the age of the patient.Severe bleeding is one of the most demanding emergencies, and the decision may need to be made rapidly and the operation performed with dispatch.Fortunately most upper alimentary bleeding settles with conservative management and in only a minority of cases does immediate operation have to be considered.However, in all cases the question of surgery to prevent recurrence of the bleed- ing ought to be considered. Co-operationThe approach to the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastro- intestinal haemorrhage should be co-operative between physician and surgeon.In most centres such cases are admitted to medical units, but in the others to surgical units.The locus of the patient does not matter: the joint consultation is all- important.This joint action is too well established throughout Britain to need much emphasis; the surgeon benefits from seeing patients who do not require surgical treatment, the physician benefits from having earlier recourse to surgical assist- ance, and, best of all, the patient benefits by having the appro- priate treatment at the appropriate time.
Radioisotope Renal Studies and Renal Hypertension
Authors: Donald A. Meier
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Previous studies from this laboratory indicated that the sodium iodohippurate I 131 renogram was unsatisfactory as a "screening" test for the detection of surgically amenable renal hypertension due to a 29% incidence of false negatives. A new technique was, therefore, used in 11 normal controls and 26 hypertensive patients thoroughly studied during a one-year period. The patients were hydrated and underwent iodohippurate renograms and chlormerodrin Hg 197 renograms and renal scans. The isotope studies were compared with the results of intravenous pyelography, aortography, split renalfunction studies, and surgery. At least one radioisotope test was positive in all 13 patients with unilateral renal disease. The diagnostic accuracy of each test was 62% for the iodohippurate renogram, 92% for the chlormerodrin renogram, and 85% for the renal scan.
OXYURIS VERMICULARIS AS A CAUSATIVE FACTOR IN APPENDICITIS
Authors: WILLIAM H. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The occurrence of<i>Oxyuris vermicularis</i>in the vermiform appendix of the human species has been frequently described in the literature. The description of parasites in this structure dates back to Fabricius, in 1634, and Santorini, in 1724. Metchnikoff<sup>1</sup>was the first to lay stress on the relationship of intestinal parasites to appendicitis. Even though many reports, chiefly of single instances, have appeared from various centers, especially abroad, over a considerable period of time, and form in their aggregate quite a voluminous literature, nevertheless, the rôle of the oxyuris as a causative factor of appendicitis has received little consideration. The reasons for such a condition are probably twofold: (1) the failure of proper clinical and pathologic observations as to the extent of their occurrence in appendical involvements; (2) the difference of opinion existing relative to the pathogenic rôle played by these nematodes in such lesions. Unless the pathologist directs specific
9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2, a novel metabolite of prostaglandin D2 is a potent contractile agonist of human and guinea pig airways.
Authors: C R Beasley, C Robinson, R L Featherstone, J G Varley, C C Hardy, M K Church, S T Holgate
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Prostaglandin (PG) D2, the predominant prostanoid released from activated mast cells in humans is initially metabolized by reduction of the C-11 keto function to yield 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2. In this study the airways effects of 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 were compared with those of its epimer 9 alpha,11 alpha-PGF2 (PGF2 alpha) and PGD2. 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 was a potent contractile agonist of isolated guinea pig trachea and 4-mm human airways in vitro; the potencies of the PGs relative to PGD2 (= 1.00) being 0.65 (NS) and 4.08 (P less than 0.001) for 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2, and 0.52 (P less than 0.01) and 2.40 (P less than 0.001) for PGF2 alpha, respectively. When inhaled by asthmatic subjects, 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 was a potent bronchoconstrictor agent, being approximately equipotent with PGD2 and 28-32 times more potent than histamine (P less than 0.01). These studies suggest that 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 is at least equipotent with PGD2 as a bronchoconstrictor agonist, and in being a major metabolite of PGD2, could contribute to the bronchoconstrictor effect of this mast cell-derived mediator in asthma.
Effect of providing information about normal test results on patients' reassurance: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Keith J Petrie, Jan Tobias Müller, Frederike Schirmbeck, Liesje Donkin, Elizabeth Broadbent, Christopher J Ellis, Greg Gamble, Winfried Rief
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate whether providing information about normal findings before a diagnostic test improves patients9 reassurance and reduces anxiety about symptoms. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Outpatient cardiology clinic. <b>Participants</b> 92 patients with chest pain referred for a diagnostic exercise stress test. <b>Intervention</b> Before undergoing testing patients were randomised to receive standard information (n=28; control group), a pamphlet explaining the function of the test and the meaning of normal test results (n=30; pamphlet group), or the pamphlet and a brief discussion about the meaning of normal test results (n=34; discussion group). <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was patients9 reported reassurance on a 5 item scale immediately after the test and at one month. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients still with chest pain and still taking cardiac drugs at one month. <b>Results</b> The mean levels of reassurance after testing and feedback from the doctor were significantly higher in the discussion group (42.0, 95% confidence interval 39.7 to 44.2) than in the pamphlet (39.2, 36.1 to 42.3) and control groups (35.8, 31.6 to 39.9). This difference was maintained at one month. The proportion of patients still reporting chest pain at one month decreased significantly in the discussion group (to 17%) and pamphlet group (to 28%) but not in the control group (to 36%). A trend was for fewer patients in the discussion group to be taking cardiac drugs at one month. <b>Conclusion</b> Providing patients with information about normal test results before testing can improve rates of reassurance and reduce the likelihood of future reports of chest pain. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN87589121.
Survey of Residents about Their Programs
Authors: Irene Baral
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 July 1993Survey of Residents about Their ProgramsIrene Baral, MDIrene Baral, MDRavenswood Hospital; Chicago, IL 60640Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Asch and Ende [1] acknowledge that resident physicians are stakeholders in the downsizing of residencies, but say little about residents' interests. A comprehensive annual survey of all residents would yield valuable insights into issues such as opportunities for educational conferences and time spent in ambulatory care settings and with attending physicians doing rounds.The free market approach that Asch and Ende [1] champion would be helped by such a survey. It would help medical students to make well-informed choices among the many residency programs and, conversely, would stimulate residency programs to provide more valuable educational opportunities to ...REFERENCE1. Asch DA, Ende J. The downsizing of internal medicine residency programs. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:839-44. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Irene Baral, MDAffiliations: Ravenswood Hospital; Chicago, IL 60640 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 1Page: 93KeywordsMedical educationResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effect of an Early Atrial Premature Beat on Activity of the Sinoatrial Node and Atrial Rhythm in the Rabbit
Authors: Flex I. M. Bonke, Lennart N. Bouman, Francien J. G. Schopman
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

In the spontaneously beating isolated right atrium of the rabbit, premature beats were elicited by electrical stimulation. When the premature beat was elicited early in the atrial cycle, the postextrasystolic pause had a short duration and the sum of the pre- and postextrasystolic pause was about the same as the duration of a normal spontaneous interval. We have tried to demonstrate, using simultaneous multiple microelectrode impalements of SA node fibers, that by such an early atrial premature beat the atrium could be activated by a reentrant mechanism. The results of our experiments led us to the conclusion that the impulse of the premature beat, elicited early in the atrial cycle, discharges the SA node only fractionally and that the fibers in the neighborhood of the activated area are influenced electrotonically. This causes a change of both the site and the moment of the spontaneous impulse formation. The SA node discharges spontaneously after such an early premature beat. Reentry activation is likely to occur when a series of atrial premature beats is observed. A supraventricular tachvcardia might be caused by repeated atrial discharges following a stimulus very shortly after the atrial refractory period.