tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cheap drug is as good at treating eye disorder as more expensive product, trial shows
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

An eagerly awaited trial has shown that millions of pounds a year could be saved through the use of an anticancer drug to treat the neovascular or “wet” form of age related macular degeneration (wet AMD).

The trial showed that bevacizumab (marketed as Avastin) is as effective in improving sight as ranibizumab (Lucentis), at a fraction of the cost. Although unlicensed for the condition, bevacizumab is already widely used to treat wet AMD because its mode of action is similar to that of ranibizumab, earlier trials have indicated that it works just as well, and using it saves money.

The comparison of age related macular degeneration treatment trials (CATT) was funded by the US National Institutes of Health to determine whether the two drugs really are equally good. Its results, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine (doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1102673), show no difference in the primary outcome of change in visual acuity. But the trial, of …
Day-bed units.
Authors: I A Goulbourne, J Rainey, C V Ruckley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

lationship of solution pH to biological activity.All the available data indicate that alkaline glutaraldehydes, including Cidex Long-Life, are significantly more active against microorganisms than acid glutaraldehydes, in- cluding Sonacide.'-4These data, coupled with the fact that Cidex Long-Life is only slightly less chemically stable than Sonacide, enable us to state categorically that Sonacide does not have a longer use life than Cidex Long- Life when compared under identical conditions of use.In addition, Cidex Long-Life has greatly superior anti-corrosion properties throughout an equivalent use period.
TCT-432 Acute Left Ventricular Unloading and Delayed Coronary Reperfusion Promotes Stromal Cell Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1) Expression and Cardioprotective Signaling in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Navin K. Kapur, Vikram Paruchuri, Xiaoying Qiao, Kevin Morine, Wajih Syed, Sam Dow, Nimish Shah, Natesa Pandian, Richard H. Karas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IgH-V(D)J NGS-MRD measurement pre- and early post-allotransplant defines very low- and very high-risk ALL patients
Authors: Michael A. Pulsipher, Chris Carlson, Bryan Langholz, Donna A. Wall, Kirk R. Schultz, Nancy Bunin, Ilan Kirsch, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Michael Borowitz, Cindy Desmarais, David Williamson, Michael Kalos, Stephan A. Grupp
Journal: Blood (2015)
Barriers to uptake of services for coronary heart disease: qualitative
Authors: A. M Tod, C. Read, A. Lacey, J. Abbott
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To identify factors within the South Yorkshire coalfields that influence use of health services by people with angina. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative study using semistructured individual and group interviews. <b>Setting:</b> General practice and community settings in Barnsley and Rotherham health authorities. <b>Participants:</b> 14 patients with stable angina and nine primary care staff had individual interviews plus five community groups and one group of general practitioners. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Barriers to accessing health services. <b>Results:</b> A complex web of factors was identified that prevented, delayed, or facilitated referral to secondary care. Delay, denial, and self management by patients meant that the full extent of symptoms often remained hidden from general practitioners, resulting in a delayed or missed referral. Barriers identified fell into six categories: structural, personal, social and cultural, past experience and expectations, diagnostic confusion, and knowledge and awareness. <b>Conclusions:</b> Many of the factors influencing referral operate before general practitioners become involved. Community development could be one way of tackling inequalities and promoting sustainable change. Structural changes are needed to improve access and increase the acceptability of general practice services. Primary care staff should be educated to detect underreporting of symptoms and promote appropriate referral. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> An inverse correlation has been shown between deprivation and cardiac revascularisation Fear of hospitals, denial of ill health, and low expectations may prevent people with angina accessing health services <h3>What this study adds</h3> Fear, denial, and low expectations were important barriers to accessing health services, reinforcing earlier findings Other factors may be specific to the study population—for example, coping, independence, and attributing symptoms to industrially related lung disease Many of the barriers operate before general practitioners are involved, making it difficult to identify solutions
Half of English district hospitals can't provide emergency surgery for children, survey finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Half of the district general hospitals in England are unable to provide emergency general paediatric surgery, warns a survey published on 16 December by the Royal College of Surgeons’ children’s surgical forum.

The survey investigated the provision of general paediatric surgery in district general hospitals in England by analysing data from NHS hospital episode statistics for children and teenagers up to the age of 18-19 years undergoing surgical treatment in 2008-9. General paediatric surgery is the surgical management of relatively common, non-specialised conditions in general surgery and urology, such as herniotomy and appendicectomy, in children who don’t need complex perioperative care.

Hospitals that were providing general paediatric surgery were then sent a questionnaire to gather further information …
UK should foster scientific collaboration outside EU
Authors: Hannah Brown
Journal: BMJ (2007)

National funders of research in European Union member states should be more involved in deciding the priorities of the European framework programme, the EU's €50bn (£34bn; $67bn) scheme for promoting cross border research in the EU, Colin Blakemore, head of the UK Medical Research Council (MRC), told MPs last week. But the UK should also be encouraging collaboration with researchers outside the EU, he said.

Giving evidence to the parliamentary science select committee's inquiry into the international policies and activities of the UK's research councils, Professor Blakemore said that he was “bemused” by the process of identifying the 10 thematic priority areas, which restrict funding to specified areas of EU interest. …
Case 75-1963
Authors: Francis M. Ingersoll, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA thirty-five-year-old woman entered the hospital because of vaginal bleeding.The patient had been well until three weeks before admission, when diarrhea, abdominal cramps and fever developed while she was vacationing in the Virgin Islands. The diarrhea subsided within twenty-four hours, but was followed immediately by the onset of vaginal bleeding, twelve days before the next expected mensis. The bleeding continued, accompanied by nocturnal elevations of the temperature to 99°F. and by the passage of one loose stool after the evening meal. During the week before admission bed rest was prescribed, but there was no change in . . .
Definition of osteoarthritis of the knee for epidemiological studies.
Authors: T D Spector, D J Hart, J Byrne, P A Harris, J E Dacre, D V Doyle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--There are no agreed criteria for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee in population studies. The radiographic scoring system of Kellgren and Lawrence has been the system most used in the past and although other methods have been developed, comparisons have not been performed. Therefore these grading systems were compared in radiographs from a general population sample. METHODS--Anteroposterior weightbearing radiographs of 1954 knees from 977 women aged 45-64 years from the Chingford population study were read by a variety of methods, including quantitative measures of minimum joint space, qualitative measures of osteophytes and of joint space, and a qualitative Kellgren and Lawrence global score. All qualitative methods used standardised atlases. Intra-observer and interobserver reproducibility was tested on a subgroup of 100 films using three observers and two readings. Variables were dichotomised at the tenth and second centiles to define OA. Odds ratios were calculated for each method for the association of OA with knee pain, obesity, and with each of the other methods. RESULTS--Most methods had high intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility, except for measurements of lateral joint space. The best predictors of knee pain were the presence of osteophytes and the Kellgren and Lawrence grade. Methods measuring narrowing performed less well, with measurements of lateral joint space being particularly poor. Similar results were achieved in the comparison with obesity and in the comparisons between methods. CONCLUSIONS--These data suggest that the presence or absence of a definite osteophyte read by a single observer with an atlas is the best method of defining OA of the knee for epidemiological studies in women. Assessment of narrowing may be better used in evaluating severity.
Abstract P1-01-23: Magnetic Sentinel Lymph Node Detection for Breast Cancer
Authors: L Johnson, QA Pankhurst, A Purushotham, A Brazdeikis, M. Douek
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background The combined technique is the preferred technique for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) but blue dye and radioisotope both have significant drawbacks including poor pre-operative imaging, radiation exposure regulation, blue dye obscuring the surgical field and skin tattooing. We have developed a non-invasive non-radioactive method for SLNB using magnetic nanoparticles and a handheld magnetometer (SentiMag), and have previously demonstrated proof of principle in an ex-vivo pilot study. Materials and methods Patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer underwent SLNB following injection of patent blue dye (Guerbet, Paris), radioisotope and 2ml of superparamagnetic iron oxide (Endorem, Guerbet, Paris). Endorem was injected subcutaneously at the circumareolar aspect of the upper outer quadrant in the affected breast. Intraoperatively, the SLN was identified using a combination of blue staining, black staining and gamma probe. Nodes were considered to be SLNs if their count exceeded 1/10th of the highest ex-vivo gamma count for any lymph node in that patient. Ex-vivo, gamma and SentiMag counts were compared. Receiver-operator curves were used to identify the optimal detection count for SentiMag. Results Of 32 patients, 1 was excluded for technical failure of the device intra-operatively. In all patients 1 or more sentinel nodes were detected with the combined technique (31/31). In 26/31 (84%) patients the node was positive for superparamagnetic iron oxide. Receiver-operator curves demonstrated a SentiMag reading of 20 units or above which was the optimal cut-off for SLN detection (sensitivity 61.75% specificity 62.5%). Success by node and by patient of the combined technique and the SentiMag technique Discussion Sentinel node biopsy using magnetic nanoparticles is feasible and the optimal cut-off point for sentinel node detection is 20 units. Further evaluation is needed to identify optimal injection dose and time delay between injection and nodal harvest in order to improve sensitivity and specificity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-23.
Persistence of Organisms for Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Jesse L. Goodman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 September 1994Persistence of Organisms for Lyme ArthritisJesse L. Goodman, MDJesse L. Goodman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Patmas raises the concern that patients with chronic, persistent symptoms after therapy for Lyme disease may have continuing infection rather than syndromes such as fibromyalgia, which have been considered noninfectious or postinfectious.Our study clearly showed a role for persistent spirochetes in the pathogenesis of Lyme arthritis and included some patients treated with antibiotics. Arthritis (and polymerase chain reaction positivity for Borrelia burgdorferi) were seen in two patients (Patients 5 and 12) who had received several months of therapy with oral doxycycline. Arthritis that was positive for B. burgdorferi by polymerase chain reaction was also noted in ...References1. Dattwyler RJ, Halperin JJ. Failure of tetracycline therapy in early Lyme disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1987; 30:448-50. Google Scholar2. Steere AC, Hutchinson GJ, Rahn DW, Sigal LH, Craft JE, DeSanna ET, et al. The early clinical manifestations of Lyme disease. Ann Intern Med. 1983; 99:22-6. Google Scholar3. Berger BW, Johnson RC, Kodner C, Coleman L. Failure of Borrelia burgdorferi to survive in the skin of patients with antibiotic-treated Lyme disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992; 27:34-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 5Page: 383-384KeywordsAntibioticsArthritisErythemaFibromyalgiaInfectious diseasesLyme diseasePathogenesisPolymerase chain reactionSpirochetesTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 September 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ventricular Conduction and Refractoriness During Hypothermia
Authors: Joseph C. Torres, Rachelle Warschaw, Patricia Chase
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The effect of hypothermia on ventricular conduction was determined with a multi-terminal electrode sutured to the epicardial surface. Measurements of conduction intervals revealed average increases of 95% at 22°C in 13 dogs and 148% at 20°C in seven dogs that survived to this temperature. The mean conduction velocity estimated at 0.55 m/sec at 37°C diminished to 0.29 m/sec and 0.19 m/sec respectively at 22° and 20°C. An apparent overall exponential relationship between conduction velocity and temperature was observed, although below 30°C the rate of conduction decreased almost linearly with a Q 10 , of 1.6 to 1.8. Individual measurements along both rows of intersecting electrode terminals revealed slightly different rates of conduction. However, within the entire group the direction of relatively faster conduction was inconsistent and, furthermore, the changes of conduction velocity with hypothermia were practically identical for the two recording alignments in all instances. During cooling to 22°C the absolute and the relative phases of ventricular refractoriness both increased by more than 200% of the control values observed at 37°C. This threefold effect on recovery of excitability was in contrast to the twofold slowing of conduction at the same temperature. It is concluded that the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation during hypothermia cannot be explained adequately by assuming a greater slowing of conduction relative to prolongation of refractoriness.
Hydronephrosis: Nephrectomy: Death from Acute Peritonitis at the Expiration of Three Months
Authors: R. H. A. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1888)

feet 11 inlies,l, weighlt 13 stone, a clerk.was stizetl withl a pain in his left loin iin May, 185, when rowillng (M11 thle river.The pain contililed, and in Felbrutarl, 1l,6%, lie first (dis- coveredl a swelling om his left side.Thereupolii lie wenit intito lhos- l)it:dl, adl it, remained for days.when, after a bI)risk aperient, the
Lysinuric Protein Intolerance Presenting as Childhood Osteoporosis
Authors: Thomas O. Carpenter, Harvey L. Levy, Marijke E. Holtrop, Vivian E. Shih, Constantine S. Anast
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

LYSINURIC protein intolerance is an autosomal recessive defect of dibasic amino acid transport.1 , 2 Renal tubular, intestinal, and hepatocellular transport is deficient, resulting in decreased circulating dibasic amino acid levels and a lack of sufficient ornithine to support activity of ornithine transcarbamylase, an intramitochondrial urea-cycle enzyme, in the liver3 (Fig. 1). Growth retardation and signs of episodic hyperammonemia are the earliest manifestations of lysinuric protein intolerance, and seizures, mental retardation, hepatomegaly, and muscle weakness may occur later. Osteopenia is a nearly constant complication but has not been emphasized as a major feature of the disorder.5 The highest reported prevalence of lysinuric . . .
Reserpine and Extracellular-Fluid Volume
Authors: Roger Melick, Maurice McGregor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is a well established observation that Rauwolfia therapy causes an increase in body weight in some hypertensive subjects. Certain clinical observations have suggested that this weight increase might be the result of fluid retention. McGregor and Segel,1 Perera,2 Smirk and McQueen3 and Marley and Pare4 have described edema, breathlessness and raised venous pressure after Rauwolfia therapy for hypertension; Marley and Pare also reported a weight increase and a fall in hematocrit in nonhypertensive subjects on reserpine. Sarwer-Foner5 and Ferguson6 have noted edema in psychiatric patients given reserpine, and Greenblatt7 found that the edema of premenstrual tension became more pronounced . . .
Binding of sodium aurothiomalate to human serum albumin in vitro at physiological conditions.
Authors: S M Pedersen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The binding of aurothiomalate to human serum albumin was studied by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degrees C, pH 7.3-7.4, and ionic strength 0.15-0.16 mol/l. It was found that aurothiomalate was bound to albumin at one site with an apparent association constant K1 = 3.0 X 10(4) M-1 and at three or more sites with the sum of association constants of the order of 10(3) M-1. Valuable information of the aurothiomalate-albumin interaction was deduced from the observed changes of pH of the albumin solutions during dialysis. A conceivable binding mechanism consistent with the results might be that aurothiomalate binds as Au+ to the high affinity binding site by exchanging a H+ and that this site might be the sulphydryl group in cysteine34; and that aurothiomalate binds as monomeric anions to the lower affinity binding sites.
Case of Death from Aneurism of the Right Ovarian Artery
Authors: W. M. Whitmarsh
Journal: BMJ (1867)

UANKAL. 1t77by what Ieans-the-bleedlng fromthcfemoral arter was so quickl ar- rested.Inmsituations, where admissible, no better method need be desired.In illutation of .the.happy results .ofacupressure, aided by perfect immunity from motion and t e avoidance of all dressings, I hope I may be pardoned for stating briefly the outline of one of my cases, although already published -elsewhere.At the Aberdeen hospital I performed amputation of thigh in a delicate, looking boy, six years of age, on ac- count of extensive disease of the knee-joint and the condition of the leg.The femoral and other two arteries were acupressed by the Aberdeen method, by the twist, and another vessel was compressed by the fourth method.The pins were withdrawn in forty-four hours, without being followed by a drop of blood, and, the.patient said, without causing any pain.After operation I thought it necessary to caution the little patient not to touch the acupressure pins, which he called the pins with the beautiful heads, and promised to give them-to him after their removal.*He took care not to touch them, or to allow any person except myself to do so, and, to his great delight, sent them home by his father for pre- servation until his return.Since the operation, the little boy has slept as well as ever he did in his life; has been anxious for his food; has had no uneasy sensation ofany kind, and has been in the highest ofspirits.The stump healed perfectly and throughout, either by immediate union or by primary adhesion.The healing must have been by one or other of
Fetal hemoglobin elevation in Hb lepore heterozygotes and its correlation with β globin cluster linked determinants
Authors: Isabel Gonçalves, Ana Henriques, Ana Raimundo, Isabel Picanço, Ana Reis, Esmeraldina Correia Jr., Ester Santos, Paulo Nogueira, Leonor Osório‐Almeida
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We have analysed, at the hematological and molecular level, 51 Hb lepore heterozygotes and three compound heterozygotes for Hb Lepore and HbS (HbLep/HbS) in 26 unselected Portuguese families. The Lepore Boston variant was present in one family, in association with classical haplotype V. All of the other Lepore alleles present haplotype III in association with Xmn I (+)5′ of G γ gene, in tight linkage disequilibrium to the major mutation found in the Portuguese population, the Lepore Baltimore variant ( δ 68Leu ‐β 84Thr ). The three compound heterozygotes are the first HbLep/HbS individuals reported in the literature, with the Lepore Baltimore mutation linked to haplotype III. In agreement with other studies, these Lepore Baltimore heterozygotes have higher HbF (1.4–14.1% of total hemoglobin) than published cases of Lepore Boston (0.8–5.4%), which is associated with Xmn I(–). Among the Lepore Baltimore heterozygotes, the (AT) x T y repeat region at –540 bp of the β globin gene in trans to the Lepore chromosome, can account for much of the variability in HbF level. The allele (AT) 7 T 7 is associated with lower HbF, and (AT) 9 T 5 is associated with higher HbF. As we previously reported for β thalassemic carriers, we observe in Lepore Baltimore carriers an effector&lt;?tklgp&gt; in trans , linked to the (AT) x T y sequence, acting as an HPFH (Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin) determinant. Am. J. Hematol. 69:95–102, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain levels of bile acids in patients with fulminant hepatic failure.
Authors: B Bron, R Waldram, D B Silk, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1977)

Bile acid levels were measured in the sera, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue of 10 patients immediately after death from fulminant hepatic (FHF). Serum bile acids in FHF were predominantly conjugated, and total bile acid levels were higher in all 10 patients than in normal controls (85.9 +/- SE 8.4 compared with 5.7 +/- 0.4 nmol/ml, P less than 0.001). Small but significant amounts could be detected in CSF (range 1.2-5.3 nmol total bile acid/ml) and brain biopsies (1.0-18.8 nmol/g wet weight) of FHF patients, whereas none could be detected in CSF and brain biopsies of patients dying without evidence of liver disease. There was no relationship between serum, CSF, or brain levels and duration of coma, or presence of cerebral oedema found in five FHF patients at necropsy. However, serum bile acid levels were similar in FHF to those found in chronic liver disease without encephalopathy and lower than those found to inhibit brain respiration in vitro. A primary role for these compounds in the pathogenesis of coma in FHF therefore seems unlikely.
Effective of highly selective vagotomy upon the lower oesophageal sphincter.
Authors: J G Temple, R J Goodall, D J Hay, D Miller
Journal: Gut (1981)

Recently highly selective vagotomy has been suggested as both a cause of gastro-oesophageal reflux and a potential cure. This study was designed to investigate whether this operation produced any change in the resting pressure or the length of the lower oesophageal sphincter in patients undergoing highly selective vagotomy. A group of patients undergoing truncal vagotomy and drainage were also studied for comparison. No alteration in the resting pressure or length of the lower oesophageal sphincter was noted after either operation. It is therefore unlikely that interference with the sphincter is responsible for post-vagotomy reflux.