tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pet rat harbouring Seoul hantavirus in Sweden, June 2013
Authors: Å Lundkvist, J Verner-Carlsson, A Plyusnina, L Forslund, R Feinstein, A Plyusnin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

We report the first detection of Seoul hantavirus (SEOV) in a pet rat in Sweden. SEOV-specific antibodies were detected in the pet rat blood by focus reduction neutralising test (FRNT), and SEOV RNA in lung tissue was confirmed by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by sequencing. The discovery follows the recent reports of SEOV infected pet rats, as well as associated human cases of severe haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), in England and Wales.
Tissue transglutaminase in hepatitis C pathogenesis
Authors: Roberta Nardacci, Fabiola Ciccosanti, Laura Falasca, Alessandra Amendola, Maria Addesso, Luigi Ruco, Gian Maria Fimia, Giorgio Antonucci, Giuseppe Ippolito, Antonio Craxi, Mauro Piacentini, Oreste Lo Iacono
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
The problem of salaried GPs
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Young doctors are annoying, with their spiky hair and trendy clothes. Clutching their certificates, and with expressions of parental pride still loudly ringing in their ears, they offer us old timers a phoney smile, for they think we are stupid. But this youthful certainty will soon be bled out on the carpet of life—by marriage, children, family illness, divorce. Certainty will be replaced by uncertainty, fresh faces by lines. Nevertheless the contribution and energy of the young are important; young general practitioners are, however, being …
Focus on Cutaneous Host-Defense Failure in Transplant Recipients
Authors: Evan M. Hersh
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The current article by Koranda et al (<i>JAMA</i>p 419) focuses mainly on host-defense failure and its cutaneous manifestations in transplant recipients. At most transplant centers, these patients daily receive orally administered prednisone and azathioprine to maintain their grafts. This regimen is usually administered in doses and according to a schedule that suppresses several aspects of host defense including granulocyte numbers and exudation, local mononuclear inflammatory responses, phagocytosis and intracellular killing of microorganisms, and delayed hypersensitivity as well as graft rejection.<sup>1</sup> Thus, it is not surprising that while organ graft rejection is often prevented, host defenses (systemic as well as cutaneous) are considerably impaired, resulting in an increased incidence of wound infections, verrucae, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, tinea versicolor, and cutaneous malignant neoplasms. In each of these instances, except for bacterial infections, the main host-defense factor is cell-mediated immunity and is based on the activity of thymus-derived or "T"
Nursing Burnout and Patient Safety
Authors: Christine Kovner, Jack Needleman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cigarette Smoking and the Psychiatrist
Authors: JOHN S. TAMERIN, RICHARD A. EISINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

Physicians have been extremely successful in attempts to quit smoking cigarettes. On the basis of their psychological awareness and espousal of the reality principle, one might expect psychiatrists to be the most successful in changing this maladaptive behavior. But psychiatrists as a group are the physicians with the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking and the least success in quitting. In contrast, internists have been among the most successful. Survey data suggest that this disparity is related not to differences in cognitive awareness of risk or in denial of personal vulnerability but to differences in the degree of difficulty anticipated in quitting, the example-setting role, and exposure to the consequences of smoking in their patients.
Upper gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma in patients positive for HIV antibody without cutaneous disease
Authors: I G Barrison, S Foster, J W Harris, A J Pinching, J G Walker
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Six patients with antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms of HIV infection but without cutaneous lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma underwent endoscopy. Four also underwent barium meal examination. In all six cases small lesions were seen in the stomach at endoscopy, and histological examination of biopsy specimens taken from the lesions confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. The barium meal examinations were reported as normal in three patients and showed oesophageal candidiasis in the fourth. These findings suggest that Kaposi's sarcoma of the upper gastrointestinal tract is common in patients positive for HIV antibody, even those without cutaneous lesions. Endoscopy, with biopsy of suspicious lesions, is necessary to make the diagnosis and is recommended in all HIV antibody positive patients with persistent upper gastrointestinal symptoms.
Coffins to die for
Authors: Colin Martin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Crazy Coffins, an exhibition at Brewery Arts, Cirencester, United Kingdom, until 5 November, and then, as Cemetery: Design, at Museum Bellerive, Zürich, Switzerland, from 11 November until 1 April 2006 http://www.crazycoffins.co.uk/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> U nsuspecting visitors to Brewery Arts, a contemporary crafts centre in the Cotswolds, might be in for a shock. The gallery, which usually exhibits ceramics, glass, textiles, and furniture, is showing work that is decidedly different from its usual Arts and Crafts fare—a collection of unconventional, life size coffins. Although they have already been exhibited in Germany and some will be shown in Zürich (in a wider exhibition, named Cemetery: Design) they were built by a long established coffin manufacturing company in … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Empyema in Childhood
Authors: Diller B. Groff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The introduction of antibiotics two decades ago made it appear that empyema would pass into history as a surgical and medical problem. However, there has been an increase in the incidence of childhood empyema in recent years.<sup>1-3</sup>Today, childhood empyema is a common complication of staphylococcal pneumonia; Koch and coworkers reported a 74% incidence of empyema in 83 cases of staphylococcal pneumonia in children.<sup>4</sup>Kevy and Lowe reported empyema associated with 10 of 11 cases of streptococcal pneumonia.<sup>5</sup>In spite of this increase in the incidence of childhood empyema, many surgeons who treat adult empyema are not familiar with the course of this disease in children. Empyema in children is almost always seen following a primary pulmonary infection. Since the introduction of antibiotics, empyema in adults is most often associated with malignancy or an operative procedure. In addition, the management and prognosis of childhood empyema differ from
THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CEREBRAL PALSIES
Authors: WINTHROP MORGAN PHELPS
Journal: JAMA (1941)

All forms of cerebral palsy are the result of anomaly, injury or disease of the brain, a part of the body of which the functions are so diverse and so difficult to evaluate as to allow for infinite variations of the condition. The functions of the brain are localized in the fully developed person, and brain cells are specialized with a high degree of differentiation. However, there is also an integration of these functions, so that disturbance of any differentiated function results in a necessity for a total reintegration. It is impossible to imagine that any two brains would show identical localization of function. The interrelation between the fundamental inherited automatic functions and the results of the tremendously varied environmental factors could and does bring about differences in total psychomotor behavior, even in identical twins. All response is motor response. For example, the variations of laughter are so great there
Cell Fate Factor DACH1 Represses YB-1–Mediated Oncogenic Transcription and Translation
Authors: Kongming Wu, Ke Chen, Chenguang Wang, Xuanmao Jiao, Liping Wang, Jie Zhou, Jing Wang, Zhiping Li, Sankar Addya, Poul H. Sorensen, Michael P. Lisanti, Andrew Quong, Adam Ertel, Richard G. Pestell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances cellular invasiveness and confers tumor cells with cancer stem cell–like characteristics, through transcriptional and translational mechanisms. The mechanisms maintaining transcriptional and translational repression of EMT and cellular invasion are poorly understood. Herein, the cell fate determination factor Dachshund (DACH1), suppressed EMT via repression of cytoplasmic translational induction of Snail by inactivating the Y box–binding protein (YB-1). In the nucleus, DACH1 antagonized YB-1–mediated oncogenic transcriptional modules governing cell invasion. DACH1 blocked YB-1–induced mammary tumor growth and EMT in mice. In basal-like breast cancer, the reduced expression of DACH1 and increased YB-1 correlated with poor metastasis-free survival. The loss of DACH1 suppression of both cytoplasmic translational and nuclear transcriptional events governing EMT and tumor invasion may contribute to poor prognosis in basal-like forms of breast cancer, a relatively aggressive disease subtype. Cancer Res; 74(3); 829–39. ©2013 AACR.
Evidence of a Malignant Cycle in Early Gastric Lymphoma
Authors: S. Eidt, M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

In order to investigate whether, by analogy with early gastric carcinomas, evidence of a malignant cycle could be found in early gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (EGL), a study of 135 surgical specimens (46 gastrectomies, 80 aboral resections, nine local excisions) was performed. A malignant cycle was considered to have been shown when regenerative changes in the mucosa and fibrosis of the adjacent submucosa were detected. The depth of tumour infiltration was characterized using the UICC classification for gastric carcinomas. An EGL was found in 51.1 % of cases (n = 69). The correlation between depth of infiltration and the histological classification of tumours proved statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Evidence of a malignant cycle was demonstrated in 72.5 % of EGLs as compared with 27.3 % in gastric lymphomas showing deeper infiltration (AL). The same held true for the histological classification of lymphomas. Findings consistent with a malignant cycle were found in 72.7 % of low-grade compared with 37.7 % of high-grade lymphomas. The difference in distribution proved to be statistically significant in both cases (p < 0.001). Most cases were localized in the antral region (53.6 % of EGLs, 40.9 % of ALs) and the lower third of the stomach (44.9 % of EGLs and 33.3 % of ALs). Detecting evidence of a malignant cycle, especially in EGL, has important diagnostic implications, requiring a careful search for minute lymphoma-associated irregularities in the neighbourhood of healed lesions, with the aim of determining the proper locations for a diagnostic biopsy.
Solitary plasmacytoma of the trachea treated by loop resection and laser therapy.
Authors: R A Kairalla, C R Carvalho, A A Parada, V A Alves, P H Saldiva
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A 53 year old woman with respiratory failure and stridor caused by a tracheal plasmacytoma was treated by endoscopic loop polypectomy and neodymium YAG laser therapy, followed by local irradiation. Two years later there was no evidence of recurrence of disease.
Health and Functional Status of Long-Term Survivors of Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: T Duell, M T van Lint, P Ljungman, A Tichelli, G Socié, J F Apperley, M Weiss, A Cohen, E Nekolla, H J Kolb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Although many patients now survive the short-term complications of bone marrow transplantation for life-threatening hematologic disease, information on the health and activity of long-term survivors is sparse. Objective: To evaluate the morbidity and mortality of patients surviving more than 5 years after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Design: Retrospective, multicenter study. Patients: 798 recipients of bone marrow transplants (477 adults, 321 children) from 43 European centers. Patients had received transplants before December 1985 and had survived at least 5 years. Patients had received allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow for leukemia, lymphoma, inborn diseases of the hematopoietic and immune systems, and severe aplastic anemia. Measurements: Survival, clinical performance according to Karnofsky score (in increments of 10%), and social reintegration were assessed as outcomes. Patient age and sex, primary disease and status at transplantation, histocompatibility of the donor, conditioning regimen, type of prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease, and acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were evaluated as variables. Results: For the 55 5-year survivors, actuarial mortality was 8% at 10 years and 14% at 15 years. The leading causes of death were disease recurrence (21 patients), chronic graft-versus-host disease with complicating infections and lung disease (11 patients), secondary cancer (8 patients), and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (5 patients). When patients with recurrent disease were excluded, late death was associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease (P < 0.001), occurrence of secondary cancer (P < 0.001), male sex of the patient (P = 0.05), and female sex of the donor (P = 0.002). Clinical performance was normal (Karnofsky score, 100%) or minimally reduced (Karnofsky score, 90%) in 93% of patients; 89% of patients resumed full-time work or school. Reduced performance status and incomplete resumption of social activity were associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease, recurrent leukemia, AIDS, secondary cancer, organ dysfunction, and neurologic or psychological problems. Other risk factors for incomplete resumption of social activity were female sex (P = 0.002) and older age at transplantation (P = 0.001). Conclusions: More than 5 years after bone marrow transplantation, most patients were in good health (93%) and had returned to full-time work or school (89%). Recurrence of the primary disease, secondary cancer, and chronic graft-versus-host disease and its sequelae remain problems for some patients.
NKG2D-retinoic acid early inducible-1 recognition between natural killer cells and kupffer cells in a novel murine natural killer cell-dependent fulminant hepatitis
Authors: Xin Hou, Rongbin Zhou, Haiming Wei, Rui Sun, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Increasing evidence suggests the contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to pathogenesis of human hepatitis, but the detailed mechanisms have yet to be clearly elucidated. In this study, injection of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and D-galactosamine (D-GalN) was used to establish a novel murine fulminant hepatitis model: results showed that predepletion of either NK cells or Kupffer cells could completely abolish the liver injury. Injection of poly I:C/D-GalN into mice could promote tumor necrosis factor-α production and surface retinoic acid early inducible-1 (Rae1) protein expression by Kupffer cells, which then activated NK cells to produce interferon-γ via NKG2D-Rae1 recognition. NK cell–derived interferon-γ and Kupffer cell–derived tumor necrosis factor-α synergistically mediated the severe liver injury. Moreover, Kupffer cell–derived interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 were also found to improve cross talk between NK cells and Kupffer cells. Conclusion: These results provide the first in vivo evidence that NKG2D/ligand interaction is involved in the synergic effects of NK cells and Kupffer cells on acute liver injury. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Parkinson Disease Subtypes
Authors: Mary Ann Thenganatt, Joseph Jankovic
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

It is increasingly evident that Parkinson disease (PD) is not a single entity but rather a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder.To evaluate available evidence, based on findings from clinical, imaging, genetic and pathologic studies, supporting the differentiation of PD into subtypes.We performed a systematic review of articles cited in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 using the following search terms: Parkinson disease, parkinsonism, tremor, postural instability and gait difficulty, and Parkinson disease subtypes. The final reference list was generated on the basis of originality and relevance to the broad scope of this review.Several subtypes, such as tremor-dominant PD and postural instability gait difficulty form of PD, have been found to cluster together. Other subtypes also have been identified, but validation by subtype-specific biomarkers is still lacking.Several PD subtypes have been identified, but the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the observed clinicopathologic heterogeneity in PD are still not well understood. Further research into subtype-specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers may provide insights into mechanisms of neurodegeneration and improve epidemiologic and therapeutic clinical trial designs.
TCT-663 Cost Comparisons of Invasive and Non-Invasive Diagnostic Evaluations for Patients with Suspected In-Stent Restenosis Following Implant of Metallic Stents and Bioresorbable Scaffolds
Authors: James K. Min, James T. Hasegawa, Susanne F. Machacz, Ken O'Day
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Colonic varices as a result of persistent mesocolon of the ascending and descending colon
Authors: M. Kanai, T. Tokunaga, T. Miyaji, N. Mataki, C. Okada, K. Mitani, S. Aono, S. Kobari, Y. Hakozaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 49-year-old man had a 15-year history of slight melena, which had occurred once or twice a year. Colonoscopy during a health checkup revealed nodular, phyma-like, large varices in a 10 cm area involving the descending to sigmoid colon ([Fig. 1]).
Payment by results
Authors: R. N. C. Savage, M. Feild, W. G. W. Anscomb, G. Mace
Journal: BMJ (1996)

For reasons not difficult to understand, doctors have never favoured payment by results, where the magnitude of their fee, if any, is proportional to their success or otherwise in curing the patient. But payment by results contracts were not unknown in England between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, sometimes being imposed on unwilling physitians (sic), surgeons, or apothecaries by cost conscious parish churchwardens …
Crisis in Medical Education
Authors: MICHAEL GLEN DOLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973Crisis in Medical EducationMICHAEL GLEN DOLIN, M.D.MICHAEL GLEN DOLIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-755_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wholeheartedly agree with the thesis of Dr. Stimmel's article, "The 'Crisis' in Medical Education," (Ann Intern Med 79:119-123, 1973). Too-early specialization, 3-year schools, and elimination of the internship will add up to only one result, the creation of a generation of incompetent physicians, with titles but inadequate skills. At a time when the scope and substance of medicine is expanding, it is foolish to talk of shortening the period of basic training. . . .Unfortunately, it is now possible for students at some schools to obtain the M.D. degree with virtually no training in large... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MICHAEL GLEN DOLIN, M.D.Affiliations: 100 Ave. P Brooklyn, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 755-755KeywordsMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evidence that tumor necrosis factor plays a pathogenetic role in the paraneoplastic syndromes of cachexia, hypercalcemia, and leukocytosis in a human tumor in nude mice.
Authors: T Yoneda, M A Alsina, J B Chavez, L Bonewald, R Nishimura, G R Mundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Recently, we have established a human squamous cell carcinoma of the maxilla (called MH-85) associated with hypercalcemia, leukocytosis, and cachexia in culture. MH-85 tumor cells caused the same paraneoplastic syndromes in tumor-bearing nude mice. We found that there was a sixfold increase in splenic size in MH-85 tumor-bearing mice. This increase paralleled tumor growth and was reversed by surgical removal of the tumor. Splenectomy in nude mice 1 wk before or 6 wk after tumor inoculation resulted in a decrease in tumor growth, and impairment of hypercalcemia, leukocytosis, and cachexia. In MH-85 tumor-bearing animals that had been pretreated by splenectomy, intravenous injection of fresh normal spleen cells caused an immediate reversal of leukocytosis, hypercalcemia, and cachexia. Since the presence of cachexia in both the patient and the mice carrying the tumor suggested tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may be overproduced, we injected polyclonal neutralizing antibodies raised against murine TNF into tumor-bearing mice. There was a rapid and reproducible decrease in blood ionized calcium, accompanied by suppression of osteoclast activity. No changes in blood ionized calcium were seen in mice injected with normal immune sera. In addition, there was an increase in body weight and decrease in white cell count. Plasma immunoreactive TNF was increased almost fourfold in tumor-bearing nude mice compared with control nude mice. Although TNF activity was undetectable in MH-85 culture supernatants, cells of the macrophage lineage, including spleen cells, released increased amounts of TNF when cultured with MH-85 tumor-conditioned media. These results suggest that splenic cytokines such as TNF may influence the development of the paraneoplastic syndromes of hypercalcemia, leukocytosis, and cachexia in these animals, as well as tumor growth. They also show that paraneoplastic syndromes may be due to factors produced by normal host cells stimulated by the presence of the tumor.