tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients transplanted for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are at increased risk for postoperative cardiovascular events
Authors: Lisa B. VanWagner, Manali Bhave, Helen S. Te, Joe Feinglass, Lisa Alvarez, Mary E. Rinella
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an independent predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to compare the incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events between patients transplanted for NASH and alcohol (ETOH)-induced cirrhosis. This is a retrospective cohort study (August 1993 to March 2010) of 242 patients (115 NASH and 127 ETOH) with ≥12 months follow-up after liver transplantation (LT). Those with hepatocellular carcinoma or coexisting liver diseases were excluded. Kaplan-Meier's and Cox's proportional hazard analyses were conducted to compare survival. Logistic regression was used to calculate the likelihood of CV events, defined as death from any cardiac cause, myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, complete heart block, and/or stroke requiring hospitalization <1 year after LT. Patients in the NASH group were older (58.4 versus 53.3 years) and were more likely to be female (45% versus 18%; P < 0.001). They were more likely to be morbidly obese (32% versus 9%), have dyslipidemia (25% versus 6%), or have hypertension (53% versus 38%; P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, NASH patients were more likely to have a CV event <1 year after LT, compared to ETOH patients, even after controlling for recipient age, sex, smoking status, pretransplant diabetes, CV disease, and the presence of metabolic syndrome (26% versus 8%; odds ratio = 4.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.91-8.90). The majority (70%) of events occurred in the perioperative period, and the occurrence of a CV event was associated with a 50% overall mortality. However, there were no differences in patient, graft, or CV mortality between groups.CV complications are common after LT, and NASH patients are at increased risk independent of traditional cardiac risk factors, though this did not affect overall mortality.
LOCOMOTOR ATAXIACOMPLICATED BY THROMBOSIS OF THE PONTILE ARTERIES, WITH REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: S. D. HOPKINS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

W. R. M., male, admitted to St. Anthony's Hospital June 5, 1899, aged 45, traveling salesman, born in New York, in Colorado fifteen years. Family history negative. <i>Previous History</i>.—Had the usual diseases of childhood, after which he enjoyed good health until he was fifteen years of age, when he met an accident, fracturing his right leg. At 20 years of age he contracted gonorrhea. When 40 years old he suffered from severe pains in the legs, which were sharp, shooting and momentary in character and were influenced by changes in the weather. About the same time he noticed that his gait was gradually becoming unsteady and at the present time he is unable to walk in the dark without falling. Three years ago he complained of a girdle sensation, also difficulty in starting his urine to flow, although while asleep the urine dribbles from him. During this year, while alighting
The CpG Island Methylator Phenotype Is Not Associated with a Personal or Family History of Cancer
Authors: Robyn Lynne Ward, Rachel Williams, Matthew Law, Nicholas John Hawkins
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Colorectal cancers with widespread CpG island methylation display a number of distinct clinicopathological features, and it has been suggested that the condition has an inheritable genetic component. To address this possibility, histories of cancer were obtained from 562 individuals undergoing curative surgery for unselected colorectal cancer at one institution. Microsatellite status and methylation at p16, MINT1, 2, 12, and 31 loci were determined on fresh tumor tissue using standard methods. Fifty-five of 562 probands in this study provided a personal history of at least one other colorectal cancer, 10 reported at least one extracolonic cancer of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer type, and 84 individuals had another type of cancer. Age was strongly associated with the risk of multiple cancers, but there was no evidence that microsatellite instability or the CpG island methylator phenotype were independent risk factors for their development, either in the colorectum or elsewhere. Of the 547 individuals with knowledge of their family history, 80 (14.6%) reported a family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative, and 60% of individuals reported a history of any cancer in a first-degree relative. Neither tumor CpG island methylator phenotype status nor microsatellite instability was predictive of a positive history of cancer in first- or second-degree relatives. The probability of a positive family or personal history of cancer did not increase with increasing number of methylated loci. Epigenetic silencing of multiple genes seen in some tumors is at best rarely the result of an inherited defect in the methylation apparatus. There is no justification for altering the personal or family cancer screening recommendations on the basis of tumor CpG island methylator phenotype status.
DINITROPHENOL AND EXTERNAL HEAT
Authors: O. M. Cope
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In following the cases in which the use of dinitrophenol has been reported, inThe Journaland elsewhere, it has seemed to us that not enough emphasis has been placed on the regulation of the dosage with relation to the external temperature. A dosage of 300 mg. daily has been given as reasonable by Tainter and others, when the patient has become habituated to the drug by lesser doses, starting at about 100 mg. daily. From observation, we have come to believe that when the external temperature is above 80 F. this dosage is likely to cause discomfort to the patient, with excessive sweating and a possible rise in body temperature. We would suggest that, during the time such temperatures prevail, the dosage be cut to about 50 per cent of what the individual tolerates well in cooler weather.
A human respiratory-tissue organ culture incorporating an air interface.
Authors: A D Jackson, C F Rayner, A Dewar, P J Cole, R Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The immersion of respiratory tissue in organ cultures is unphysiologic and may influence the interactions of the tissue with experimental agents. We have assessed an organ culture of human nasal turbinate tissue with an air interface by light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with and without replacement of culture medium. Without replacement of medium, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was normal (11.3 +/- 0.5 Hz) at 5 d, but fell significantly (p<0.05) to 7.9 +/- 0.8 Hz at 10 d. The degree of ciliation decreased significantly (p<0.05) at 4 and 10 d. Nuclear heterochromatin in all cell types was significantly (p<0.05) reduced at 5 d. Significant (p<0.05) mitochondrial abnormalities occurred in ciliated cells at 5 d and in both ciliated and unciliated cells at 10 d. With daily replacement of medium, CBF fell significantly (p<0.05) from 11.6 +/- 0.2 Hz at Time 0 to 10.6 +/- 0.3 Hz after 20 d. The proportions of ciliated and nonciliated cells did not change after 20 d, but the proportion of mucus cells was higher at 20 d (26.3 +/- 5.4%) than at Time 0 (9.8 +/- 2.7%). No mitochondrial abnormalities, changes in nuclear heterochromatin levels, or reduction in cilial density on ciliated cells were present. The amount of damaged epithelium was less at 20d (7.2 +/- 3.8%) than at Time 0 (19.0 +/- 5.8%). This model more closely reproduces physiologic conditions in vitro than do models involving the immersion of respiratory tissue in media. Its long viability will permit studies of virus and bacterial infections, and of the effects of pharmacologic agents and environmental factors.
CYSTICERCOSIS IN TWIN BROTHERS AGED 13 YEARS
Authors: W. K. Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1934)

SALINE[MSDICAL JOURNAL '13 tubing should be stretched thoroughly along its length, washed through, and then boiled again.In this way chemicals and powder on the inner surface of the tubing are removed.Water used for making the intravenous solution must be freshly distilled.Glucose supplied in sterile ampoules should be employed.Isotonic Intravenous Solutions.-Thefluids most gener- ally used are either normal saline or 5 per cent.glucose in normal saline.Horsley recomnmends that 10 units of insulin be added for every 500 c.cm. of 5 per cent.glucose injected.This author also praises Ringer's solution, whileGallie prefers Locke's solution.An enterprisinig firm of druggists should put up in ampoules (1) saline and glucose, (2) Ringer's solution, (3) Locke's solution, (4) saline and 1 per cent.mercurochrome, and all that would be nieces-
Association of polymorphisms in the collagen region of SP-A2 with increased levels of total IgE antibodies and eosinophilia in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Shweta Saxena, Taruna Madan, Ashok Shah, Kambadur Muralidhar, Puranam Usha Sarma
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Dilated Form of Endocardial Fibroelastosis as a Result of Deficiency in Respiratory-Chain Complexes I and IV
Authors: Domenico Corradi, Bertrand Tchana, Dylan Miller, Laura Manotti, Roberta Maestri, Davide Martorana, Sergio Callegari, Valentina Allegri, Nicola Carano, Aldo Agnetti, Umberto Squarcia
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Car unlikely to significantly modulate acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in most humans
Authors: Sidney D. Nelson, John T. Slattery, Kenneth E. Thummel, Paul B. Watkins
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We have identified the xenobiotic receptor CAR (constitutive androstane receptor) as a key regulator of acetaminophen metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Known CAR activators as well as high doses of acetaminophen induced expression of three acetaminophen–metabolizing enzymes in wild–type but not in CAR null mice, and the CAR null mice were resistant to acetaminophen toxicity. Inhibition of CAR activity by administration of the inverse agonist ligand androstanol 1 hour after acetaminophen treatment blocked hepatotoxicity in wild–type but not CAR null mice. These results suggest an innovative therapeutic approach for treating the adverse effects of acetaminophen and potentially other hepatotoxic agents.
Investigation of suspected urinary tract infection in older people
Authors: S. Ninan, C. Walton, G. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### Learning points

An 84 year old woman, who lived in a residential home, was referred to the acute medical assessment unit with a two day history of increasing confusion of unclear cause. She was unable to provide a clear history, but her daughter mentioned that she was not usually confused. On examination, her temperature was 36.8°C, her heart rate was 67 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 135/70 mm Hg. She looked dehydrated and was noted to be incontinent of dark, offensive smelling urine. Urinary tract infection was suspected.

Suspected urinary tract infection is a common scenario when evaluating ill older adults. The diagnosis may be challenging, as patients are often unable to provide a history of acute urinary symptoms (for example, owing to delirium or dementia), and asymptomatic bacteriuria (see table 1⇓ for definitions) is common in older people. The prevalence of …
Significance of smoking in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Experience gleaned from the International Tissue Plasminogen Activator/Streptokinase Mortality Trial.
Authors: G I Barbash, H D White, M Modan, R Diaz, J R Hampton, J Heikkila, A Kristinsson, S Moulopoulos, E A Paolasso, T Van der Werf
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Despite the fact that smoking is a well-established risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease, some investigators have noted that hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction is lower in patients who smoke than in nonsmoking patients. To evaluate the association of smoking with mortality during hospitalization after thrombolytic therapy and 6 months afterward, we analyzed the results of the International Tissue Plasminogen Activator/Streptokinase Mortality Trial. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients were divided into three groups: nonsmokers (those who never smoked), ex-smokers, and active smokers. Multivariate and univariate comparisons were made with respect to baseline characteristics and clinical outcome. There were 2,366 nonsmokers, 2,244 ex-smokers, and 3,649 active smokers. The baseline characteristics of nonsmoking patients differed significantly from the ex-smokers and active smokers. The nonsmoking group included more women than the ex-smokers or active smokers (45% versus 10.6% and 17.6%, respectively), was older (67 +/- 10 years versus 64 +/- 10 years and 58 +/- 11 years), had a higher rate of diabetes mellitus (16.3% versus 11.1% and 7.5%), and had a worse Killip class at admission. Nonsmoking patients and ex-smokers experienced more in-hospital reinfarction than active smokers (4.7% and 5% versus 2.7%, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Nonsmokers experienced more in-hospital shock than the ex-smokers or active smokers (9.2% versus 6.4% and 5.8%, p &lt; 0.0001), stroke (1.9% versus 1.8% and 0.8%, p &lt; 0.0001), and bleeding (7.2% versus 6.5% and 4.4%, p &lt; 0.0001). They also experienced a higher in-hospital and 6-month mortality (12.8% and 17.6%) than ex-smokers (8.2% and 12.1%) or active smokers (5.4% and 7.8%) (p &lt; 0.0001). A multivariate analysis accounting for all baseline characteristics demonstrated a significant association between nonsmoking and increased hospital mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (confidence limits, 1.15-1.72). Among active smokers, there was a nonsignificant trend for mortality rates to decrease with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked per day. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective analysis indicates that smokers receiving thrombolytic therapy after acute myocardial infarction have significantly better hospital and 6-month outcome than nonsmokers or ex-smokers. However, smokers sustained their infarction at a significantly earlier age than nonsmokers, and strenuous efforts should continue to be made to decrease the incidence of new and continued smoking.
Partitioning and lipophilicity in quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Authors: J C Dearden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The history of the relationship of biological activity to partition coefficient and related properties is briefly reviewed. The dominance of partition coefficient in quantitation of structure-activity relationships is emphasized, although the importance of other factors is also demonstrated. Various mathematical models of in vivo transport and binding are discussed; most of these involve partitioning as the primary mechanism of transport. The models describe observed quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) well on the whole, confirming that partitioning is of key importance in in vivo behavior of a xenobiotic. The partition coefficient is shown to correlate with numerous other parameters representing bulk, such as molecular weight, volume and surface area, parachor and calculated indices such as molecular connectivity; this is especially so for apolar molecules, because for polar molecules lipophilicity factors into both bulk and polar or hydrogen bonding components. The relationship of partition coefficient to chromatographic parameters is discussed, and it is shown that such parameters, which are often readily obtainable experimentally, can successfully supplant partition coefficient in QSARs. The relationship of aqueous solubility with partition coefficient is examined in detail. Correlations are observed, even with solid compounds, and these can be used to predict solubility. The additive/constitutive nature of partition coefficient is discussed extensively, as are the available schemes for the calculation of partition coefficient. Finally the use of partition coefficient to provide structural information is considered. It is shown that partition coefficient can be a valuable structural tool, especially if the enthalpy and entropy of partitioning are available.
Abstract B44: Value of 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shift imaging (CSI) for detection of anaplastic foci in diffusely infiltrating gliomas with non-significant contrast-enhancement
Authors: Georg Widhalm, Martin Krssak, Georgi Minchev, Adelheid Woehrer, Tatjana Traub-Weidinger, Thomas Czech, Susanne Asenbaum, Christine Marosi, Engelbert Knosp, Johannes A. Hainfellner, Daniela Prayer, Stefan Wolfsberger
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objective: In diffusely infiltrating gliomas (DIG), positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a clinically powerful method for detection of anaplastic foci. Recently, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy chemical shift imaging (CSI) using choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) or choline/N-acetylaspartate (Cho/NAA) ratios has emerged as new non-invasive and widely available alternative. We therefore correlated CSI with 11C-methionine (MET)-PET data in a series of DIG with non-significant contrast-enhancement (CE). Methods: Thirty-two patients with DIG were examined with CSI on 3T MRI scanner and MET-PET. Maximum pathologic intratumoral ratios of CSI (=CSImax) and maximum tumor-to-normal-brain PET ratios (=PETmax; T/N ratio) were determined. Co-registration of MRI with CSI and PET was performed and the topographic overlap of CSImax and PETmax was analyzed. Cell proliferation rate in tumor samples inside and outside of CSImax was assessed by MIB-1 labeling index (LI). Results: CSI showed a pathologic ratio in all patients, whereas PET demonstrated a pathologic T/N ratio in 21/32 patients. Topographical correlation of CSImax and PETmax revealed a ≥50% overlap in 18/21 and &amp;lt;50% overlap in 3/21 patients, respectively. Cho/Crmax and Cho/NAAmax showed a ≥50% overlap in 24/32, a &amp;lt;50% overlap in 8/32 patients. MIB-1 LI was significantly higher inside than outside the CSImax (13.6% versus 6.9%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicate that CSI is a promising method for detection of anaplastic foci within DIG with non-significant CE. Intraoperative use of CSI by multimodal neuronavigation may increase the reliability of detection of malignant areas in glioma surgery and therefore optimize allocation of patients to adjuvant treatments. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):B44
Left Ventricular Function, Metabolism, and Blood Flow in Chronic Cor Pulmonale
Authors: MARTIN J. FRANK, ALLEN B. WEISSE, CHRISTOS B. MOSCHOS, GILBERT E. LEVINSON
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Left ventricular function, oxidative metabolism, and coronary blood flow were evaluated in 11 patients with chronic cor pulmonale (mean age 53 years) at rest and during stress, and compared with 11 normal subjects (mean age 29 years) studied under similar conditions. The left ventricles of patients with chronic cor pulmonale were normal in regard to contractile state, preload, afterload, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxidative metabolism. However, the mean cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke work, and left ventricular ejection fraction were below normal, and end-systolic volume was elevated. These differences in performance are consistent with the older mean age of the patients. An alternative explanation is the limit placed on right ventricular stroke volume by the increased afterload (pulmonary vascular resistance). Allowance for these factors permits the conclusion that the left ventricles of patients with chronic cor pulmonale are normal unless involved by a second disease process.
Mitochondrial energy metabolism in heart failure: a question of balance
Authors: Janice M. Huss, Daniel P. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The mitochondrion serves a critical role as a platform for energy transduction, signaling, and cell death pathways relevant to common diseases of the myocardium such as heart failure. This review focuses on the molecular regulatory events and downstream effector pathways involved in mitochondrial energy metabolic derangements known to occur during the development of heart failure.
Herbal remedies: Authors' reply
Authors: P D L Maurice, J J Cream
Journal: BMJ (1990)

only about 400 cases a year and as Clatterbridge does not reach this number, two machines would provide valid data more quickly.Dr Trobias's negative attitude to neutron therapy is not shared by all.In the United States the National Cancer Institute has extended funding for neutron therapy to 1993, and in France a new high energy cyclotron unit is about to open in Nice.Nor can we ignore the fact that the British government is funding the second cyclotron in Britain with a grant from Treasury funds that would otherwise not come to the health service.We accept this machine at St Thomas's Hospital because we see the importance of contributing to advances in the management of patients with selected tumours that are difficult to treat successfully by conventional methods.
HIV Treatment as Prevention: Considerations in the Design, Conduct, and Analysis of Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials of Combination HIV Prevention
Authors: Marie-Claude Boily, Benoît Mâsse, Ramzi Alsallaq, Nancy S. Padian, Jeffrey W. Eaton, Juan F. Vesga, Timothy B. Hallett
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

The rigorous evaluation of the impact of combination HIV prevention packages at the population level will be critical for the future of HIV prevention. In this review, we discuss important considerations for the design and interpretation of cluster randomized controlled trials (C-RCTs) of combination prevention interventions. We focus on three large C-RCTs that will start soon and are designed to test the hypothesis that combination prevention packages, including expanded access to antiretroviral therapy, can substantially reduce HIV incidence. Using a general framework to integrate mathematical modelling analysis into the design, conduct, and analysis of C-RCTs will complement traditional statistical analyses and strengthen the evaluation of the interventions. Importantly, even with combination interventions, it may be challenging to substantially reduce HIV incidence over the 2- to 3-y duration of a C-RCT, unless interventions are scaled up rapidly and key populations are reached. Thus, we propose the innovative use of mathematical modelling to conduct interim analyses, when interim HIV incidence data are not available, to allow the ongoing trials to be modified or adapted to reduce the likelihood of inconclusive outcomes. The preplanned, interactive use of mathematical models during C-RCTs will also provide a valuable opportunity to validate and refine model projections.
Serum Globulin Dyscrasia
Authors: Gerald A. LoGrippo
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The "immune-globulins" in human serum consist of three well defined and characterized classes; namely; 7S-γ<sub>2</sub>(gamma-ss); 7S-γ<sub>1</sub>(γ<sub>1</sub>A, β<sub>2</sub>A) and 19S-γ<sub>1</sub>(γ-1<sub>M</sub>, β<sub>2</sub>M). These plasma components are associated with antibody activity of major biologic importance to immunity and resistance. Since the advent of electrophoretic mobility studies, much has been published by Bruton,<sub>1,2</sub>Janeway,<sub>3</sub>Gitlin,<sub>4,5</sub>Good,<sub>6</sub>and their associates on the<i>globulin deficiency syndrome</i>. The classification of the deficiencies by agamma-, hypogamma-, and dysgamma-globulinemia has been most helpful in clinical medicine to explain certain abnormalities in humoral and cytological aspects of immunity. Although the electrophoretic mobility studies are most valuable in this respect, the practical information obtained by this procedure is of limited value concerning the three major immune globulins since these fractions cannot be completely separated by paper or cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The quantity of γ<sub>1</sub>-globulin