tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of atrial natriuretic peptide in adaptation of sodium excretion with reduced renal mass.
Authors: S Smith, S Anderson, B J Ballermann, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The kidney maintains constancy of body fluid volume by regulating urinary sodium (Na) excretion. In chronic renal failure, the reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is accompanied by an increase in Na excretion per nephron if dietary Na intake is not changed. Reduction in Na intake in proportion to reduced GFR obviates this adaptive increase in tubule Na excretion. To examine the potential role of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in modulating the enhanced Na excretion per nephron in chronic renal failure, we studied rats subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy or sham operation on low, normal, and high Na intakes. Urinary Na excretion increased with increasing dietary Na in all groups, and Na excretion per nephron was increased in 5/6 nephrectomized rats as compared with sham-operated rats on the higher Na intakes. Plasma ANP levels were unaffected by dietary Na manipulations in sham-operated rats, but rose progressively in 5/6 nephrectomized rats with increasing Na intake. Despite extensive nephron reduction, however, plasma ANP levels failed to rise in uremic rats on low Na diets and in this group Na excretion per nephron also failed to rise. We conclude that enhanced ANP secretion may play an important role in promoting the adaptive increase in Na excretion per nephron in chronic renal failure. Restriction of dietary Na in the setting of reduced GFR obviates the stimulation of ANP secretion as well as the adaptive increase in Na excretion rate per nephron.
Abstract OT2-4-02: Young and strong: A randomized trial to evaluate a program for young women with breast cancer
Authors: AH Partridge, KJ Ruddy, WT Barry, M Greaney, K Sprunck-Harrild, ME Meyer, EL Baker, J Ligibel, KM Emmons
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Young women with newly diagnosed breast cancer face substantial challenges including higher risk of disease recurrence and likelihood of harboring a genetic mutation compared with older women. Many young women are also very concerned about their future fertility and this population often feels isolated from other breast cancer survivors due to their age and life stage. Some worry that their doctors are unsure of how to treat them. To address these issues, we developed a comprehensive program at our institution to coordinate and enhance the care, support, and education for young women with breast cancer. The Young and Strong study is a randomized clinical trial (RCT) to evaluate a virtual, exportable, scalable version of this program designed to improve the quality of care and the psychosocial well-being of this vulnerable population. The specific aims of this program are: 1) To develop, pilot, and refine an exportable and sustainable educational and support intervention for young women with breast cancer and their oncology providers (Young Women's Intervention; YWI). 2) To determine the effect of the YWI compared to a contact-time control intervention focused on promoting physical activity (Physical Activity Intervention; PAI) on attention to fertility issues in a RCT: “Young and Strong”. We initially conducted 4 focus groups (n = 36) and 20 key informant interviews, and developed, piloted, and refined the YWI as well as the PAI. Based on this successful work, we launched the Young and Strong study in June 2012 as a cluster-randomized trial at a total of 54 sites (40 community and 14 academic sites across the United States). Randomization is 1:1 between sites, and stratified by practice type (community vs. academic). Each community site will enroll 5-10 participants, each academic site 15 participants. Total recruitment will be 410-610 pts. The primary objective is to evaluate whether YWI, as compared to PAI, is associated with greater attention to fertility issues, assessed via medical record review. In addition, participants will complete assessments at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months that assess satisfaction with care, psychosocial well-being, physical activity and anthropomorphic changes. Young and Strong activated in June 2012 and all sites have been identified. As of 6/11/2013 the study has been initiated at 53 out of 54 sites, and total of 282 women have enrolled on the study. Eligibility Criteria: 1. Women age 18-45 years at diagnosis 2. Stage I-III invasive breast cancer without known recurrence or metastatic disease 3. Newly-diagnosed (within 3 months of initial diagnosis) 4. Have 1st appt. with a medical oncologist at participating site after the site opens to enrollment 5. Able to read and write in English For further information, contact Ann Partridge, MD, MPH at 888-814-3324. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr OT2-4-02.
HIV and GB Virus C — Can Two Viruses Be Better Than One?
Authors: Roger J. Pomerantz, Giuseppe Nunnari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

GB virus C (GBV-C), an RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family, is a close relative of the hepatitis C virus. Although it has been shown that many people worldwide are infected with this virus, no clear association between the virus and a known disease state has been demonstrated. GBV-C has been shown to replicate in human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in vitro, and it commonly coinfects patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). GBV-C is transmitted through predominantly parenteral routes and has a high seroprevalence among intravenous-drug users. Nonetheless, the sexual transmission of GBV-C has also been demonstrated recently. Infection with or . . .
General practice's last stand
Authors: J W Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1995)

general practice in the United Kingdom.Called, imaginatively, GP-UK, the list is run by collabo- ration between the Sowerby Unit for Primary Care Informatics at Newcastle University and the Primary Health Care Specialist Group of the British Computer Society.GP-UK deals with topics such as clinical research and medical informatics, with specific reference to British general practice.Within its first six months it has over 150 members.Views from outside the United Kingdom are also welcome, and, indeed, the list includes members from Europe, Australia, and the United States.To
Hepatitis B flares in chronic hepatitis B: Pathogenesis, natural course, and management
Authors: Ming-Ling Chang, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Hepatitis B flare, defined as an event with abrupt rise of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels to >5 times the upper limit of normal during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, is considered to be the result of a human leukocyte antigen-I restricted, cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated immune response against HBV and its downstream mechanisms. It may occur spontaneously, during or after antiviral therapy and in the setting of immunosuppression and/or chemotherapy. The clinical spectrum of hepatitis B flares varies from asymptomatic to symptomatic and typical overt acute hepatitis, even with hepatic decompensation or failure. Flares may also occur in viraemic patients with cirrhosis with higher incidence of decompensation/mortality, hence requiring immediate antiviral therapy. An upsurge of serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen levels usually precedes the abrupt rise of ALT levels. Rising or stable and high HBV DNA during flares represent ineffective immune clearance and further hepatocytolysis, even hepatic decompensation, may occur. Such patients require immediate antiviral therapy. In contrast, bridging hepatic necrosis and/or alpha-fetoprotein levels >100 ng/ml or decreasing HBV DNA during flares represent a more effective immune clearance and frequently leads to seroclearance of HBV DNA and/or hepatitis B e antigen with remission. If patients are non-cirrhotic and there is no concern of developing decompensation, patients may be observed for 3–6 months before deciding on the need of antiviral therapy. Severe and repeated flares are prone to develop into decompensation or lead to the development of cirrhosis, thus a timely treatment to prevent the hepatitis B flare is better than to cope with the flare. Screening, monitoring and prophylactic or pre-emptive antiviral therapy is mandatory for patients who are going to receive immunosuppressants or chemotherapy.
STUDIES OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE. II. THE PRESSURE AND OXYGEN CONTENT OF BLOOD IN THE RIGHT AURICLE, RIGHT VENTRICLE, AND PULMONARY ARTERY IN CONTROL PATIENTS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE OXYGEN SATURATION AND SOURCE OF PULMONARY “CAPILLARY” BLOOD 1
Authors: L. Dexter, F. W. Haynes, C. S. Burwell, E. C. Eppinger, R. P. Sagerson, J. M. Evans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)
Cholesterol increases the L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel current in arterial smooth muscle cells.
Authors: L Sen, R A Bialecki, E Smith, T W Smith, W S Colucci
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To determine whether membrane free cholesterol affects calcium currents in vascular smooth muscle cells, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made before and after cholesterol enrichment of cells by exposure to cholesterol-rich liposomes. Exposure to cholesterol-rich liposomes resulted in a gradual increase in the L-type current over 20 hours and a plateau (73 +/- 7% increase over basal) between 20 and 32 hours. This effect was associated with a rightward shift in the inactivation potential and a decrease in the sensitivity to (-)-PN-202-791, a dihydropyridine antagonist. There was no change in the maximum L-type current stimulated by (+)-PN-202-791, a dihydropyridine agonist. Liposome exposure caused a small, transient increase in the T-type current (peak effect, 20 minutes). We conclude that membrane cholesterol has important effects on the L-type calcium current in vascular smooth muscle cells, which is most likely due to an alteration in channel functional state rather than an increase in channel expression.
A fair way of donating hearts for transplantation
Authors: S. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Objective</h3> To understand and report on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the everyday lives of frail older persons living in nursing homes by exploring their experiences of how the pandemic-related restrictions had influenced them and in what way. <h3>Design</h3> Empirical qualitative interview study. <h3>Setting</h3> A publicly run nursing home in an urban area in Sweden in June 2020. The nursing home had visitor restrictions, cancelled activities and physical distancing requirements since March 2020. <h3>Participants</h3> A total of 10 persons, 85–100 years, living in a Swedish nursing home during the COVID-19 pandemic, were recruited through nursing home management and interviewed in June 2020 using medically approved visors and physical distancing. <h3>Analysis</h3> Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, which involves familiarisation, coding and definition of themes. Transcripts were coded into data-driven categories before being organised into categories that described and explained the data. <h3>Results</h3> The analysis resulted in the main theme ‘It is like living in a bubble’, that describes everyday life in the nursing home during the pandemic as a world of its own in which the older persons felt both protected and isolated. This is described in four subthemes: living 1 day at a time, without fear of the virus; feeling taken care of; having limited freedom and missing out on the little extras. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Contributing to the growing area of COVID-19-related research, our findings provide novel insights into how pandemic-related restrictions in nursing homes represent a risk of isolating older people from the outside world and diminishing their freedom. Put in relation to the previous research, these findings could be applied beyond the pandemic, to develop research and practice that puts focus on how to support older people to decide for themselves how to spend the rest of their lives.
My Kingdom for a Camera — Some Comments on Medical Technology
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

MEDICINE has come to another philosophic and economic crossroads as the profession tries to come to terms with its technology, by which I mean machines, devices, gadgets, and other ways of carrying on our daily business. On the one hand, the early success of physician's assistants and nurse practitioners begins to suggest questions about how much theoretical training is necessary for medical practice, and casts the intellectual content of medical-school curricula in as much of a luxurious mold as Corinthian columns and Doric patios. On the other hand, technology has brought advances to diagnosis and therapy that parallel the walk . . .
Medical education and training is cut to achieve NHS savings, warns BMA
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Budgets for medical education and training are being cut as part of overall cost savings in the NHS in England, the BMA has warned in a letter sent to the health secretary this week. 

Funding for medical education and training in England was ring fenced until April this year. But this was removed under arrangements allowing strategic health authorities to choose how to spend their budgets. Budget allowances announced recently by some strategic health authorities have much larger cuts in medical education and training than expected. 

The BMA said that these cuts include substantial …
The Concept of Mediastinal Pain
Authors: J. Anderson, C. R. Boughton
Journal: BMJ (1957)

DBRMLSouWomen's phenotypes may be derived from the M.4 chart, using the same absolute scales.Their phenotype distribution is reported.The possibility of subsequent correction of this distribution is discussed.Weight variation at a given age is discussed in rela- tion to phenotyping both healthy persons and mental hospital patients.Disposition to mental breakdown is measured in terms of phenotype frequency in patient and control series.(The phrase " somatotype frequency " is reserved for the young men who were photographed and typed by Sheldon's criteria.)There was a highly significant ten- dency for mental disturbances to occur more often in Sheldon's endomorphic ectomorphs-that is, a linear build with proportionately more fat than muscle-type Lf.More muscular young men, especially endomorphic mesomorphs (type Mf), were much commoner in the healthy sample.For example, phenotype 452 was five times more common among healthy young men, phenotype 325 six times more common among patients.The somatotype distribution of other young men patients, excluding students, showed similar significant trends.Among women under 30, disposition to breakdown was once again significantly much greater in Lf pheno- types.In sector Fl there was about average expectation of breakdown.Lastly, in sector Fm there was a significantly higher proportion of healthy students.
Ischemic preconditioning fails to limit infarct size in reserpinized rabbit myocardium. Implication of norepinephrine release in the preconditioning effect.
Authors: C F Toombs, A L Wiltse, R J Shebuski
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Infarct size reduction by ischemic preconditioning is believed to be mediated by adenosine; however, whether adenosine is the factor responsible for the initiation of this protection remains unknown. It is possible that during preconditioning, adenosine stimulates receptors on presynaptic nerve terminals and retards the release of norepinephrine (NE) during the prolonged ischemia or that NE release during preconditioning augments adenosine production.To test whether the release of NE is involved in the preconditioning phenomenon, rabbits were pretreated with reserpine (5 mg/kg sc, 24 hours before) to deplete presynaptic nerve terminals of NE stores. On the day of the experiment, the rabbits were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine and instrumented for coronary occlusion. Nonreserpinized animals were used as controls. The control group (n = 7) was subjected to 30 minutes of coronary occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion (ischemia-reperfusion) only. The preconditioned group (n = 10) received 5 minutes of preconditioning ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion before the prolonged ischemia-reperfusion. Of the reserpinized animals, half (n = 7) received preconditioning before ischemia-reperfusion and the remaining animals (n = 7) did not. At termination of the experiment, an intravenous tyramine challenge (1 mg/kg) was used to confirm NE depletion in reserpinized rabbits. The resulting infarcts were measured with tetrazolium and planimetry. With comparable hemodynamics and areas at risk, infarct size in control animals was 39.8 +/- 2.1% of the risk region. Preconditioned animals showed an expected reduction of infarct size to 14.8 +/- 2.2% of risk region (P < .05 vs control). Of the reserpinized animals, those that received reserpine alone had infarcts that were 38.5 +/- 4.5% of risk region, and those that were preconditioned had infarcts that were 41.4 +/- 3.6% of risk region, which was not significantly different than the control group.We conclude that preconditioning fails to protect ischemic-reperfused myocardium in reserpinized rabbit myocardium, indicating that the release of NE during either preconditioning or prolonged ischemia is critical to preconditioning mediated protection.
Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence?
Authors: Jeffrey Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters4 June 2013Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence?Jeffrey Johnson, MDJeffrey Johnson, MDFrom Central Utah Clinic, PC, Provo, Utah.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The ACP has seriously overstepped its bounds by advocating gun control (1). It tries to support its point of view with statistics that are misrepresented and distorted. The Bill of Rights guarantees the right to bear arms, and it intentionally says nothing about which arms one can bear. When written, the ex-British colonists were better armed and mostly had better-quality and more modern weapons than the military. Is there a problem with violence in our society? Of course there is. But gun control is not the answer. The Sandy Hook massacre could have been ameliorated or averted ...References1. Laine C, Taichman DB, Mulrow C, Berkwits M, Cotton D, Williams SV. A resolution for physicians: time to focus on the public health threat of gun violence. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:493-4. [PMID: 23277894] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Federal Bureau of Investigation. FBI Uniform Crime Reports: 2000–2011. Accessed at www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s on 25 April 2013. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Central Utah Clinic, PC, Provo, Utah.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Resolution for Physicians: Time to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence Christine Laine , Darren B. Taichman , Cynthia Mulrow , Michael Berkwits , Deborah Cotton , and Sankey V. Williams Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? E. Michael Lewiecki Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? E. Lee Murray Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? Melvin E. Belding Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? James F. Bush Metrics 4 June 2013Volume 158, Issue 11Page: 851KeywordsArmed forcesAssaultConflicts of interestFirearm injuriesHealth screeningHomicidePrevention, policy, and public healthPsychiatry and mental healthViolent crime ePublished: 4 June 2013 Issue Published: 4 June 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Factors in the Outcome of Psychotherapy of Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.
Authors: Aaron Karush
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Factors in the Outcome of Psychotherapy of Chronic Ulcerative Colitis.Aaron Karush, M.D.Aaron Karush, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1162_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis study reports factors that influence the results of psychotherapy of colitis patients such as duration and intensity of treatment, psychiatric diagnosis, precipitating events, the significance of depression versus paranoid trends, and perhaps most important, the nature of the kind of object relationships sought by the patient. The paper also touches on the significance of the patient's capacity to change his environment and on the special problem of fitting the optimal type of the therapeutic intervention to a particular patient.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1162-1162KeywordsColitisTouchUlcerative colitis Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
190 AST-120 (SPHERICAL CARBON ADSORBENT) IN COVERT HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: RESULTS OF THE ASTUTE TRIAL
Authors: J.S. Bajaj, M.Y. Sheikh, M. Chojkier, L. Balart, A.H. Sherker, R. Vemuru, N.L. Sussman, J. Vierling, G. Morelli, K.E. Anderson, M.S. Harris, K.D. Mullen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Goblet cell predominant high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the index finger
Authors: H. Hattori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is rarely reported in the skin. We report a case of MEC arising in the skin of the index finger that followed a fatal course. A 78‐year‐old male was admitted to the Kariya General Hospital due to a persisting wound on the distal nail bed of the right index finger that had recently become painful. X‐ray revealed an osteolytic feature in the phalanx. He was otherwise well and had no symptoms suggesting the presence of tumour in the salivary glands or the bronchi. On suspicion of osteomyelitis, amputation on proximal interphalangeal joints was performed. Because of the pathological diagnosis, systemic clinical and radiological search for another lesion was subsequently performed, yielding negative results. Eight months after the operation, he complained of chest pain that had developed in 3 months to a severe effusion in the left thorax and athelectasis of the left lung, suggestive of pleuritis carcinomatosa. He died of the disease 12 months after the operation.