tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Saline has similar effect to albumin in critically ill patients
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

No difference exists in 28 day mortality between patients who are resuscitated with albumin and those given saline. This is the finding of a large randomised trial of fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients, reported at a recent meeting in the United States.

Results from the saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) trial of nearly 7000 critically ill patients showed that 28 day mortality for patients randomised to albumin was 20.9%, whereas mortality in the saline arm was 21.1%. Data were available for a total of 3473 patients receiving albumin and 3460 receiving saline; the mean age of patients was 58 years. Although …
COSSMHO Trains Community Leaders
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IF THIS ISSUE ofThe Journalinspires an interest in becoming involved in health care for Hispanic Americans, one place to acquire information may be the national Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services Organizations (COSSMHO). The group's president is Jane L. Delgado, PhD.  According to Helen Munoz, MSW, director of national programs, this private, nonprofit organization based in Washington, DC, is the only national group that seeks to improve the health and psychosocial well-being of all Hispanics across the board. It does so through national demonstration programs, policy and research, information dissemination, and participation on various boards and committees.  For example, COSSMHO is behind a number of projects aimed at combating the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among Hispanics. They include AIDS Education for Out-of-School Hispanic Youths, AIDS Information for Hispanic Parents, Hispanic Women and AIDS, and the Southwest Border AIDS Coalition. The group has worked since its founding in
Cockroaches blamed for high asthma rates
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Cockroaches have been blamed for the rise of asthma among poor children living in cities in the United States, who are three times more likely to suffer from the condition than their suburban counterparts.

To try to explain the disproportionately high rates of asthma among inner city children researchers for the national cooperative inner city asthma study investigated …
Predictors of depression during the first 6 months of internship
Authors: D C Clark, E Salazar-Grueso, P Grabler, J Fawcett
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Fifty-five interns, representing 71% of the medicine, obstetrics-gynecology, surgery, and pediatric interns at one medical center for one year, participated in interviews involving the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and Family History-RDC and completed symptom and attitudinal scales at 6-month intervals. Fifteen (27%) developed a depressive syndrome during the first 6 months of internship. Parental history of depression and high scores of trait neuroticism were significantly associated with onset of depression, but personal history of psychopathology, low capacity for experiencing pleasure, and workload were not.
Biochemical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties of long-acting lithocholic acid derivatized exendin-4 analogs
Authors: Su Young Chae, Cheng-Hao Jin, Jae Hee Shin, Sohee Son, Tae Hyung Kim, Seulki Lee, Yu Seok Youn, Youngro Byun, Myung-Shik Lee, Kang Choon Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
A comparative study of calcipotriol ointment and tar in chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: S.N. THAM, K.C. LUN, W.K. CHEONG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article A comparative study of calcipotriol ointment and tar in chronic plaque psoriasis Get access S.N. THAM, S.N. THAM National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 1130. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.C. LUN, K.C. LUN Department of Community, Occupational and Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 0511 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.K. CHEONG W.K. CHEONG National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 1130. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 5, 1 November 1994, Pages 673–677, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb04981.x Published: 01 November 1994 Article history Accepted: 24 February 1994 Published: 01 November 1994
Alteration of tissue disposition of cadmium by chelating agents.
Authors: C D Klaassen, M P Waalkes, L R Cantilena
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The effect of several chelating agents (diethyldithiocarbamic acid, DDC; nitrilotriacetic acid, NTA; 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, BAL; d,l-penicillamine, PEN; 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, DMSA; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA; and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, DTPA) on the toxicity, distribution and excretion of cadmium (Cd) was determined in mice. When chelators were administered immediately after Cd, significant increases in survival were noted after treatment with DMSA, EDTA, and DTPA. DTPA, followed by EDTA and then DMSA, were consistently the most effective in decreasing the tissue concentrations of Cd and increasing the excretion of Cd. NTA, BAL, DDC and PEN had no beneficial effects. The effects of increasing the time interval between Cd administration and initiation of chelation therapy was determined by using a single administration of DTPA, EDTA, and DMSA. Mice treated immediately after Cd administration excreted approximately 50% of the administered dose of Cd compared to 0.2% in controls. Treatment with chelator at later times significantly increased Cd excretion but the magnitude of the effect was much less than that seen in mice treated immediately after Cd. To determine the role of MT in the acute decrease in chelator efficacy following Cd poisoning, rats were injected IV with Cd followed by DTPA at various times after Cd. Although DTPA reduced Cd content in the various organs when given immediately after Cd, the chelator was ineffective at all later times. Increases in hepatic and renal metallothionein (MT) did not occur until 2 hr after Cd, and did not coincide with the earlier drop in chelator efficacy. Blockade of MT synthesis by actinomycin D failed to eliminate this decreased DTPA effectiveness. Therefore, it appears that MT does not play an important role in the acute decrease in efficacy of chelation therapy for Cd poisoning. The effect of repeated daily administration of chelators on the distribution and excretion of Cd was studied by administering chelators daily for 5 days starting 48 hr after Cd. DTPA, EDTA, DMSA and BAL significantly increased the urinary elimination of Cd. Thus, mobilization of Cd into urine occurs with repeated chelation therapy, which may decrease tissue concentrations of Cd and reduce the toxicity of the metal.
Infarction of tumor vessels by NGR-peptide–directed targeting of tissue factor: experimental results and first-in-man experience
Authors: Ralf Bieker, Torsten Kessler, Christian Schwöppe, Teresa Padró, Thorsten Persigehl, Christoph Bremer, Johannes Dreischalück, Astrid Kolkmeyer, Walter Heindel, Rolf M. Mesters, Wolfgang E. Berdel
Journal: Blood (2009)
Kinetic parameters and renal clearances of plasma adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in man
Authors: Arthur E. Broadus, Neil I. Kaminsky, Joel G. Hardman, Earl W. Sutherland, Grant W. Liddle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Kinetic parameters and the renal clearances of plasma adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) were evaluated in normal subjects using tritium-labeled cyclic nucleotides. Each tracer was administered both by single, rapid intravenous injection and by constant intravenous infusion, and the specific activities of the cyclic nucleotides in plasma and urine were determined. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP were cleared from plasma by glomerular filtration. The kidney was found to add a variable quantity of endogenous cyclic AMP to the tubular urine, amounting to an average of approximately one-third of the total level of cyclic AMP excreted. Plasma was the source of virtually all of the cyclic GMP excreted. Plasma levels of the cyclic nucleotides appeared to be in dynamic steady state. The apparent volumes of distribution of both nucleotides exceeded extracellular fluid volume, averaging 27 and 38% of body weight for cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, respectively. Plasma production rates ranged from 9 to 17 nmoles/min for cyclic AMP and from 7 to 13 nmoles/min for cyclic GMP. Plasma clearance rates averaged 668 ml/min for cyclic AMP and 855 ml/min for cyclic GMP. Approximately 85% of the elimination of the cyclic nucleotides from the circulation was due to extrarenal clearance.
Incidence of Hypoglycemic Episodes in Diabetic Patients Under Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Intensified Conventional Insulin Treatment: Assessment by Means of Semiambulatory 24-hour Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Pablo Arias, Wolfgang Kerner, Horst Zier, Ignacio Navascués, Ernst F Pfeiffer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

The incidence and magnitude of hypoglycemia (i.e., blood glucose values &amp;lt; 50 mg/dl) were assessed by continuous blood glucose monitoring over 24 h in 10 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and 9 IDD patients under intensified conventional treatment (ICT). A newly developed, battery-powered blood glucose monitor was employed. Patients were thus enabled to move freely in the hospital premises. Despite similar quality of previous blood glucose control (HbA1: 8.0 ± 0.05% CSII versus 8.0 ± 0.3% ICT, x¯ ± SEM), the obtained profiles showed better regulation under CSII treatment (mean blood glucose [MBG], 99.6 ± 10.0 versus 133.1 ± 7.4 mg/dl; M-value, 12.3 ± 3.5 versus 26.2 ± 4.1; mean amplitude of glycemic excursion [MAGE], 71.9 ± 8.7 versus 132.9 ± 14.2 mg/dl; CSII versus ICT, x¯ ± SEM). The incidence of blood glucose values &amp;lt; 50 mg/dl was 9/10 patients (CSII) and 5/9 patients (ICT). In both groups, hypoglycemia was most frequent at noon and was related to elevated pre- and postprandial free insulin levels. Patients became aware of hypoglycemia only in 6/23 episodes (CSII) and 6/8 episodes (ICT). Our data indicate that CSII as well as ICT may result in postprandial hyperinsulinemia leading to frequent hypoglycemic episodes of variable length, reassessing the traditional experience of close correlation between aggressive insulin therapy and enhanced hypoglycemic risk.
The transfer of adaptive immunity to CMV during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is dependent on the specificity and phenotype of CMV-specific T cells in the donor
Authors: Phillip Scheinberg, Jan J. Melenhorst, Jason M. Brenchley, Brenna J. Hill, Nancy F. Hensel, Pratip K. Chattopadhyay, Mario Roederer, Louis J. Picker, David A. Price, A. John Barrett, Daniel C. Douek
Journal: Blood (2009)
Missense glucokinase mutation in maturity–onset diabetes of the young and mutation screening in late–onset diabetes
Authors: M. Stoffel, P. Patel, Y-M.D. Lo, A.T. Hattersley, A.M. Lucassen, R. Page, J.I. Bell, G.I. Bell, R.C. Turner, J.S. Wainscoat
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Hypothermic Myxoedema Coma
Authors: D. W. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Hypothermic myxoedema coma is an uncommon con- dition in which interest has grown recently (Lancet, 1956).Only 15 cases have been reported, and those since 1953.Three further cases are reported, each of interest in itself.Case 1 is the first reported case of hypothermic coma in juvenile myxoedema.Case 2 is the oldest reported case.Case 3 is the second reported case to have survived over three months.Case 1 A youth aged 19 was admitted to hospital in coma on November 21, 1956.At the age of 12 he developed weakness of his legs, and from that time his walking deteriorated, although he remained mentally alert.During the 12 months before admission he became increasingly lethargic, spending most of his time asleep before the fire.On the day of admission he could not be roused.On examination he was deeply unconscious.Physically he had the appearance of a boy of 12. His skin was soft, dry, and cold; his lips were thick and a large tongue pro- truded from his mouth.Axillary and pubic hair were present.His genitalia showed normal development.The rectal temperature was 820 F. (27.80 C.); the apex rate 50 a minute; respiratory rate 2 a minute; B.P. 80/60 mm.Hg.Investigations.-Hb, 98%; W.B.C., 19,000/c.mm., mainly polymorphs; blood cholesterol, 200 mg./ 100 ml.; serum sodium, 144 mEq/l.serum potassium, 6.7 mEq/l.; plasma chlorides, 63 mEq/l.;C02 combining power, 41 mm./l.; blood sugar, 100 mg./ 100 ml.E.C.G. twelve hours after admission showed low-voltage complexes in all leads in sinus rhythm at 100/minute.X-ray examination of the chest was negative.Treatment was begun immediately: (1) Warmth: -He was immersed in a lukewarm bath until the rectal temperature rose to 890 F. (31.70 C.), and then nursed between electric
Politics Ought Not Masquerade as Science
Authors: Jeremy J. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Politics ought not masquerade as science. Experiments ought not be designed to make political rather than scientific points. They certainly should not be designed to discredit, politically, legitimate scientific experiments of others, nor should the suffering of laboratory animals be so ignored that they be used for no scientific purpose at all. These rules were violated in the experiment described inThe Journalin which sarcomas were induced in rats by inserting sterilized dimes in their peritoneal cavities (238:397, 1977). The experimenters had no doubt that the sarcomas would result; hence, their activity was not scientific "experimentation." Instead, as their letter asserted, they undertook their activity "in response to" what they considered to be "inane pronouncements" in the Food and Drug Administration. The title provided to their letter ("Money Causes Cancer: Ban It") accurately summarized the tone and content of the sardonic report. The<i>Wall Street</i>
Comparative sensitivity of the exercise electrocardiogram, thallium imaging and stress radionuclide angiography to detect the presence and severity of coronary heart disease.
Authors: M M Bodenheimer, V S Banka, C M Fooshee, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The relative sensitivity and specificity of individual and combined noninvasive tests to detect coronary heart disease were evaluated in 75 patients with chest pain admitted for cardiac catheterization and coronary arteriography.Of the 75 patients, 56 had coronary heart disease.Exercise-induced ST-segment ab- normalities (>1 mm) were found in 58%.In contrast, computer-processed exercise thalliuim-201 perfusion im- aging detected 82% (p < 0.01) and assessment of regional ejection fraction determined at rest and during isometric exercise by radionuclide angiography detected 82% (p < 0.02).Pathologic Q waves were present in 20%.Of nine patients with single-vessel disease, only one had exercise ST-segment abnormalities, while four had abnormalities in thallium-201 perfusion and five in regional ejection fraction.Of 16 patients with twovessel disease, 10 had ST-segment abnormalities, 14 had defects on thallium-201 imaging and 13 had abnor- malities in regional ejection fraction.Similarly, of 31 patients with three-vessel coronary heart disease, 23 had exercise-induced ST-segment changes, while 28 had thallium-201 perfusion defects and 28 had abnormalities in regional ejection fraction.Combined noninvasive testing using pathologic Q waves and exercise ST-segment abnormalities detected 71% of patients with coronary heart disease.Addition of exercise thallium-201 imaging resulted in 88% of patients being detected, and addition of regional ejection fraction detected 96%.If an abnormality in any of the four tests was considered, 55 of 56 patients (98%) with coronary heart disease were detected.In 19 patients with normal coronary arteries, the specificity of the exercise ECG was 84%, exercise thallium-201 imaging 89% and assessment of regional ejection fraction 79%.However, if all noninvasive tests were considered, the specificity decreased to 58%.Thus, either exercise thallium-201 imaging or assessment of regional ejection fraction is superior to exercise-induced ST-segment abnormalities.Combined testing results in a very high sensitivity, but there is a concomitant reduction in specificity.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Olivera J. Finn, Robert P. Edwards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Cancer immunoprevention has become synonymous with the vaccines that have been approved for the prevention of infection with highly transmissible strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) that establish chronic infection and cause cervical and other cancers.1 Although many cancers may have a viral origin,2 only a small number of viruses have been implicated as causes of human cancer. Cancer having a viral origin provides an opportunity to develop virus-specific vaccines that lower infection rates and consequently lower the incidence of cancer; this is what the HPV vaccine is expected to do for cervical cancer and what the hepatitis B vaccine has . . .
Effect of bracing on respiratory mechanics in mild idiopathic scoliosis.
Authors: J D Kennedy, C F Robertson, I Hudson, P D Phelan
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The use of a corrective orthopaedic brace is an established form of management for patients with progressive idiopathic scoliosis. Thirteen patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis were studied with and without the corrective brace applied. Lung volumes and the pattern of chest wall and abdominal movement were measured during quiet breathing. Transdiaphragmatic pressures were measured in six of the patients and upper ribcage movement in seven patients. Application of the brace resulted in a significant reduction in vital capacity (14%), functional residual capacity (22%), and total lung capacity (12%). There was no effect on respiratory rate or minute volume. In the erect position the pattern of chest wall movement was altered with a reduction in lower ribcage movement of 46% and abdominal wall of 39% and an increase in upper ribcage movement of 43%. These changes were greater in the supine position. There was at least a twofold increase in end inspiratory and end expiratory gastric pressures during tidal breathing, but oesophageal pressures were not affected by the brace. Transdiaphragmatic pressures showed a similar twofold increase, which implies a substantial increase in the work of breathing. In view of the doubts concerning the influence of bracing on the natural history of idiopathic scoliosis and the substantial functional effect of bracing on the respiratory system, it is suggested that the current practice of bracing in this condition needs to be reviewed.
Lack of relationship between the short-term hemodynamic effects of captopril and subsequent clinical responses.
Authors: B M Massie, B L Kramer, N Topic
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The role of hemodynamic monitoring during the initiation of vasodilator therapy for heart failure remains to be defined, despite the tremendous potential socioeconomic and clinical ramifications. We therefore performed resting and exercise hemodynamic studies before and during the initial 48 hr of captopril therapy in 14 stable patients with New York Heart Association Class II or III chronic congestive heart failure. Their clinical response to therapy was determined by evaluating changes in clinical status and the measured changes in exercise tolerance, heart size, and ejection fraction after 3 months. Significant improvement in each of these indexes was found for the group as a whole, but the baseline hemodynamics and the hemodynamic responses to captopril differed little between the patients showing marked improvement and those exhibiting little or no change. Correlations between the hemodynamic measurements and the changes in clinical class, exercise tolerance, heart size, and ejection fraction were generally poor. Even when they achieved significance, these correlations were too loose to allow prediction of the clinical efficacy of captopril in individual subjects. These findings indicate that the routine use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring during the initiation of captopril is unnecessary and potentially misleading, although such measurements remain valuable for diagnosis, the management of patients with complex conditions, and for investigation. The response to captopril may be best evaluated by serial measurements of exercise tolerance and heart size in addition to clinical assessment.
“Disaster mental health”: lessons from Aberfan
Authors: Derek A Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—One aspect of the response to the Asian tsunami disaster is “disaster mental health.”1 The tsunami prompted the Department of Health to circulate briefing papers on acute stress reactions and post-traumatic disorder throughout NHS trusts, and various experts have stated that as many as 25% of child survivors will develop “post-traumatic stress disorder” requiring professional intervention.

So too after the recent Beslan school disaster. A team of 48 psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and psychologists was assembled before the siege …
Poliomyelitis outbreak in an unvaccinated community in the Netherlands, 1992-93
Authors: P.M Oostvogel, H.G.A.M van der Avoort, M.N Mulders, A.M van Loon, M.A.E Conyn-van Spaendonck, H.C Rümke, G van Steenis, J.K van Wijngaarden
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Maternity services: the shaping of things to come.
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

BMJ 1991 ;302:1198-20O Almost half of us will give birth and most of the rest of us will watch. It should therefore come as no surprise that doctors are not the only ones to hold strong views on maternity care. A conference held at the Royal Society of Medicine last month brought together obstetricians, economists, general practitioners, mid wives, and representatives from consumer groups to determine how obstetric policy is made and how change can be achieved. The conference, which last met 10 years ago, picked an exciting time to reconvene?a time of immense upheaval in the health service, with NHS reforms promoting community based care. The conference soon raised the question of whether there are any obstetric services left in the community to build on. Only 1% of births in Britain will take place at home this year, and most of these will occur by accident rather than design. A further 9% of births will take place in general practitioner units. From the 1950s maternity services have been firmly incorporated into hospitals. The centralisation of this intrinsically common and healthy event has been almost complete. It is the experts?particularly obstetricians and paediatricians?who have led obstetric care out of the community and into the hospitals, and they have had most of the say in policy making on most maternity issues. Recently, government select committees and consumer groups have also become more influential. Research has had only a limited impact on policy making, and all these influences look set to be dwarfed by the impact of the NHS reforms.
1027 COMPARTMENTAL REGULATION OF suPAR IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS: EVALUATION OF ORIGIN, REGULATION AND PROGNOSTIC RELEVANCE
Authors: H.W. Zimmermann, P.A. Reuken, A. Koch, M. Bartneck, D.H. Adams, C. Trautwein, A. Stallmach, F. Tacke, T. Bruns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)