tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Cardiography in Single Ventricle and the Hypoplastic Left and Right Heart Syndromes
Authors: ELLIOT CHESLER, HYMIE S. JOFFE, ROMEO VECHT, WALTER BECK, VELVA SCHRIRE
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Seven cases of single ventricle, six cases of hypoplasia of the right heart (tricuspid atresia), and one case of hypoplasia of the left heart were investigated with reflected ultrasound. In hypoplasia of the right heart there was abnormal anterior movement of the mitral valve; in hypoplasia of the left heart, abnormal anterior movement of the tricuspid valve, and in single ventricle, similiar movement of the anterior component of a single valve. In one case of single ventricle, two separate valves were identified at different depths. In none of the cases could a ventricular septum separating two ventricular cavities be identified. Ultrasound cardiography may be particularly useful as a non-invasive preliminary investigation of infants with congenital heart disease. Failure to demonstrate a ventricular septum combined with the presence of a single atrioventricular valve moving abnormally far anteriorly may be an expression of marked hypoplasia of the left or right ventricles or an anatomically single ventricle with one valve.
Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Topical Hydrocortisone Hemisuccinate Sodium
Authors: G. Watkinson
Journal: BMJ (1958)

DITH Jou 1077 tenance therapy with local hydrocortisone is therefore ineffective in reducing the chance of relapse.The implications of these various findings are briefly discussed.I am indebted to Glaxo Laboratories, who not only made a gift of the hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium and the inert preparation, but also packed and labelled them ready for use in this trial.I am also indebted to the Medical Research Council for a grant for technical assistance.I wish to
Ovarian stimulation and ovarian tumours: a critical reappraisal
Authors: B.C. Tarlatzis, G. Grimbizis, J. Bontis, S. Mantalenakis
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article Ovarian stimulation and ovarian tumours: a critical reappraisal Get access B.C. Tarlatzis, B.C. Tarlatzis 4 11st Department of Obstetries/GynecologyThessaloniki, Greece3IVF Centre, “Geniki Kliniki”Thessaloniki, Greece 4 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Infertility & IVF Center, “Geniki Kliniki”, 2 Gravias Street, Thessaloniki 546 45, Greece. Telephone: 30 31 86 64 77; Fax: 30 31 82 14 20. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Grimbizis, G. Grimbizis 3IVF Centre, “Geniki Kliniki”Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Bontis, J. Bontis 22nd Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki, Greece3IVF Centre, “Geniki Kliniki”Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Mantalenakis S. Mantalenakis 11st Department of Obstetries/GynecologyThessaloniki, Greece3IVF Centre, “Geniki Kliniki”Thessaloniki, Greece Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 3, 1 January 1995, Pages 284–301, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.3.284 Published: 01 May 1995 Article history Received: 15 June 1994 Accepted: 29 September 1994 Published: 01 May 1995
A Case of Labio-Glosso-Laryngeal Paralysis
Authors: J. M. Hobson
Journal: BMJ (1882)

ON November I2th, ISMo, in consultation with Dr. Young of Erding ton, I saw Mrs. S., aged 2I, who was daily expecting her first confinement.An examination revealed a huge mass protruding from the vulva, which consisted of a greatly hypertrophied cervix; and in front of it a large soft tumour, which I took for a cystocele.Be- hind the prolapsed mass, and lying in a flaccid condition against the posterior vaginal wall, was a perfect hymen of the typical sickle shape.The pelvis seemed of average size, and there was nothing in the general state of the patient to cause anxiety.The os uteri easily admitted a finger; and with some trouble (from the extreme length of the cervix) I was able to recognise the head pre- senting.The membranes were entire.After consideration, it was determined to wait and watch until labour should come on, in the hope that gradual dilatation would occur, and the delivery end naturally.Labour began on the evening of the 21st, and, although the pains were strong and regular, no advance was made; therefore Dr. Young asked me to see her again at I I a.m. the next day.At this time the os was but little larger than above described, and presented a very peculiar appearance, being perfectly annular, and sur- rounded by a ring of white, shining, gristly-looking fibres.Imme- diately above this, the cervix was encircled by large veins, with dilata- tions alm,)st hemorrhoidal in their character.The membranes had ruptured some hours previously, and the head could be felt at the brim, but was not affected by the pains, which were of moderate length and force.
The Use of Gene Tests to Detect Hereditary Predisposition to Cancer: Economic Considerations
Authors: M. L. Brown, L. G. Kessler
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Several mutations recently have been shown to be associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) in families displaying unusually strong predisposition to colorectal cancer. Laboratory tests to detect such gene mutations soon will be commercially available, raising the possibility for population-wide screening. The purpose of this study was to explore the economic implications of conducting a population-wide screening for HNPCC compared with restricted screening among members of the families at high risk. An exploratory analysis was performed to determine which factors are most important in determining the cost-effectiveness of such a testing program. The base-case analysis focuses on current uncertainty about the population prevalence of the HNPCC genotype and phenotype. The uncertainty with regard to parameters related to the cost-effectiveness of screening and preventive interventions for HNPCC were explored, using additional sensitivity analyses. Cost-effectiveness is achieved for population-wide screening only when assumptions most favorable to that outcome are made regarding the HNPCC prevalence, the cost and effectiveness of screening, and preventive intervention. Information on the population prevalence of HNPCC genotypes and the penetrance of these genotypes is essential for making policy decisions. Additional information is needed regarding the determinants of the cost of genetic testing and counseling, the efficacy of preventive regimens for individuals at high risk, and the accuracy and cost of alternative methods of identifying families at risk.
TWISTED PEDICLE OF ACCESSORY LOBE OF THE LUNG
Authors: Frederick Epplen
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Accessory or supernumerary lobes of the lungs are usually unimportant from a pathologic point of view. Either lung may have one or two extra lobes or rudimentary fissures; the extra lobes when present are usually small but may be quite large. They are generally located posteriorly, near the hilus, and have a broad or sessile base. Occasionally, as in our case, they are located anteriorly and are pedunculated, in which event they usually arise from the free margin of a standard type of lobe. Rudimentary fissures are sometimes seen; one happened to be present in our case, both abnormalities being in the left upper lobe.  The remarkable feature of our case was made possible by the simultaneous presence of a hydrothorax. The accessory lobe had floated in the hydrothorax and because of respiratory movements had made two and one-half turns from left to right. This had resulted in a high
Dietary Intervention to Reverse Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Iris Shai, J. David Spence, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Yaakov Henkin, Grace Parraga, Assaf Rudich, Aaron Fenster, Christiane Mallett, Noah Liel-Cohen, Amir Tirosh, Arkady Bolotin, Joachim Thiery, Georg Martin Fiedler, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— It is currently unknown whether dietary weight loss interventions can induce regression of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— In a 2-year Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial–Carotid (DIRECT-Carotid) study, participants were randomized to low-fat, Mediterranean, or low-carbohydrate diets and were followed for changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness, measured with standard B-mode ultrasound, and carotid vessel wall volume (VWV), measured with carotid 3D ultrasound. Of 140 complete images of participants (aged 51 years; body mass index, 30 kg/m 2 ; 88% men), higher baseline carotid VWV was associated with increased intima-media thickness, age, male sex, baseline weight, blood pressure, and insulin levels ( P &lt;0.05 for all). After 2 years of dietary intervention, we observed a significant 5% regression in mean carotid VWV (−58.1 mm 3; 95% confidence interval, −81.0 to −35.1 mm 3 ; P &lt;0.001), with no differences in the low-fat, Mediterranean, or low-carbohydrate groups (−60.69 mm 3 , −37.69 mm 3 , −84.33 mm 3 , respectively; P =0.28). Mean change in intima-media thickness was −1.1% ( P =0.18). A reduction in the ratio of apolipoprotein B 100 to apolipoprotein A1 was observed in the low-carbohydrate compared with the low-fat group ( P =0.001). Participants who exhibited carotid VWV regression (mean decrease, −128.0 mm 3 ; 95% confidence interval, −148.1 to −107.9 mm 3 ) compared with participants who exhibited progression (mean increase, +89.6 mm 3 ; 95% confidence interval, +66.6 to +112.6 mm 3 ) had achieved greater weight loss (−5.3 versus −3.2 kg; P =0.03), greater decreases in systolic blood pressure (−6.8 versus −1.1 mm Hg; P =0.009) and total homocysteine (−0.06 versus +1.44 μmol/L; P =0.04), and a higher increase of apolipoprotein A1 (+0.05 versus −0.00 g/L; P =0.06). In multivariate regression models, only the decrease in systolic blood pressure remained a significant independent modifiable predictor of subsequent greater regression in both carotid VWV (β=0.23; P =0.01) and intima-media thickness (β=0.28; P =0.008) levels. Conclusions— Two-year weight loss diets can induce a significant regression of measurable carotid VWV. The effect is similar in low-fat, Mediterranean, or low-carbohydrate strategies and appears to be mediated mainly by the weight loss–induced decline in blood pressure. Clinical Trial Registration— http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT00160108.
265. Enhanced Plasmid-Mediated Dystrophin Expression in the mdx Mouse Model for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy by a PhiC31 Integrase Plasmid System
Authors: Carmen Bertoni, Sohail Jarrahian, Thurman M. Wheeler, Yining Li, Eric C. Olivares, Michele P. Calos, Thomas A. Rando
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by lack of dystrophin expression in skeletal muscles and is characterized by progressive degeneration of muscle fibers. To be effective, gene therapy approaches to DMD need to target a large number of fibers in the muscle, and the distribution of dystrophin through the fiber length needs to be sufficient to prevent fiber degeneration. Plasmid-based gene therapies have been shown to be a valid approach to the treatment of a variety of disorders including DMD. Concerns, however, have been raised about the ability of extrachromosomal vectors to sustain gene expression for prolonged periods of time at levels that are therapeutic.
Abstract 5059: Exome and targeted sequencing to discover and validate candidate genes in advanced and lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Akash Kumar, Alexandra P. MacKenzie, Brian J. O'Roak, Ilsa Coleman, Colm Morrissey, Choli Lee, Thomas A. White, Ruth F. Dumpit, Lawrence D. True, Eva Corey, Robert L. Vessella, Peter S. Nelson, Jay Shendure
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. In order to understand the genetic composition of lethal and advanced prostate cancer, we used exome sequencing to identify protein-altering mutations within a panel of 23 prostate cancer xenografts that represent a wide spectrum of advanced disease phenotypes. Although corresponding normal tissue was not available for most tumors, we were able to take advantage of increasingly deep catalogs of human genetic variation to remove most germline variants. On average, each tumor genome contains ∼200 novel nonsynonymous variants, of which the vast majority was specific to individual carcinomas. Based on the prevalence of rare nonsynonymous variants, we identified a subset of 30 genes including TP53, DLK2, GPC6 and SDF4 as putative candidates involved in tumor progression. To ascertain the frequency of mutations in these candidate genes across a large panel of tumors, we developed a molecular inversion probe (MIP) based protocol that enables efficient targeting and sequencing of tens of genes across hundreds to thousands of samples. The method requires as little as 50 nanograms of DNA as input, and is compatible with DNA isolated from both frozen and formalin formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues. We have applied this method to capture and deeply sequence the nearly ∼1,000 exons of the 30 candidate genes across 150 prostate cancer metastases on a single lane of an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. Unexpectedly, our exome survey identified three tumors with substantially higher mutation frequencies, with 2,000-4,000 novel coding variants per exome. We used whole genome sequencing to characterize the global patterns of mutation in one of these tumors, and found a high prevalence of transition mutations within CpG islands. Experiments to determine whether hypermutation is the result of loss of DNA repair pathway function are ongoing. Collectively, our results indicate that exome sequencing combined with efficient screening of candidate genes is a powerful method to understand the genetics of advanced prostate cancer. We also report a previously undescribed subtype of prostate cancers exhibiting “hypermutated” genomes, with potential implications for resistance to cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5059. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5059
Primary use of the cutting balloon results in fewer major adverse cardiovascular events at six months than balloon angioplasty in a subgroup of patients with ostial/bifurcation or small vessel lesions
Authors: Tami L. Bair, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Benjamin D. Horne, Robert R. Pearson, Qunyu Li, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Donald L. Lappé
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
THE MECHANISM OF UREA RETENTION IN NEPHRITIS
Authors: Franklin C. McLean
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. Urea retention, in the sense of a relatively increased concentration in the blood, is the result of increased resistance to the excretion of urea through the kidneys. 2. The relatively increased concentration of urea in the blood overcomes the increased resistance to excretion, and the organism is thereby maintained in nitrogenous equilibrium. 3. The laws formulated by Ambard for the excretion of urea apply in the condition of urea retention under a widely varying range of conditions, as to nitrogen intake and excretion. 4. The numerical value of Ambard's constant changes in urea retention, but the relation of the variable factors to one another remains otherwise unchanged. 5. In certain individuals, with otherwise normal findings in regard to urea excretion, an unusual degree of constancy, to which we have applied the term fixation, has been found in the numerical results obtained by the application of Ambard's laws. These individuals are regarded, as the result of this study, as probably abnormal, but the pathological significance of the fixation has not been determined.
Different disparities of gender and race among the thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic‐uremic syndromes
Authors: Deirdra R. Terrell, Sara K. Vesely, Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, Bernhard Lämmle, James N. George
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) represent multiple disorders with diverse etiologies. We compared the gender and race of 335 patients enrolled in the Oklahoma TTP-HUS Registry across 21 years for their first episode of TTP or HUS to appropriate control groups. The relative frequency of women and white race among patients with TTP-HUS-associated with a bloody diarrhea prodrome and the relative frequency of women with quinine-associated TTP-HUS were significantly greater than their control populations. The relative frequency of women and black race among patients with idiopathic TTP and TTP-associated with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency was significantly greater than their control populations. The relative frequency of black race among patients who had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) preceding TTP was significantly greater than among a population of patients with SLE, and the relative frequency of black race among patients with other autoimmune disorders preceding TTP was significantly greater than their control population. No significant gender or race disparities were present among patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, TTP associated with pregnancy, or TTP associated with drugs other than quinine. The validity of these observations is supported by the enrollment of all consecutive patients across 21 years from a defined geographic region, without selection or referral bias. These observations of different gender and race disparities among the TTP-HUS syndromes suggest the presence of different risk factors and may serve as starting points for novel investigations of pathogenesis.
Book Review Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Emphysema (Lung Biology in Health and Disease. Vol. 184.) Edited by Henry E. Fessler, John J. Reilly, Jr., and David J. Sugarbaker. 507 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 2004. $195. 0-8247-0897-0
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Hepatitis in a Maintenance Hemodialysis Unit
Authors: JOHN B. EASTWOOD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Fourteen of 27 patients being treated with maintenance hemodialysis and 1 staff nurse from the general wards developed hepatitis between August 1966 and April 1967; 1 patient died. Eight of the attacks were anicteric and three of these, asymptomatic. No cases occurred among the nurses, technicians, and doctors of the Maintenance Haemodialysis Unit. Gamma globulin modified the disease in the patients and may have prevented it altogether in the staff. The epidemiology of the outbreak and the apparent efficacy of gamma globulin suggest that the epidemic may have been due to infectious hepatitis.
BMA opposes plan to allow patients to refer themselves for cancer tests
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The BMA has opposed a plan to allow patients to refer themselves for diagnostic tests for cancer.

Delegates at the BMA’s annual UK consultants’ conference in London on Wednesday 4 March voted unanimously in favour of a motion saying that a scheme to allow patients to self refer should not go ahead “without proper research.”

In January NHS England announced that patients would have the option to refer themselves for diagnostic tests without going through a GP as part of an early diagnosis programme for cancer.1

Helen Fidler, a consultant gastroenterologist, presented a motion against the …
High serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and subjects with isolated antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) positivity
Authors: M. Fusconi, F. Cassani, M. Lenzi, G. Ballardini, F.B. Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Dogs and transmission of toxoplasmosis.
Authors: M B Markus, M B Marcus
Journal: BMJ (1973)

12 hours.His E.C.G. was monitored and he went into atrial fibrillation on a second occasion, reverting to sinus rhythm after six hours, again without treatment.His neurological condition showed steady improvement and he was dis- charged walking with sticks.The cause of his atrial fibrillation remains obscure though toxic myocarditis is a possibility.He had no obvious chest or other infec- tion nor evidence of ischaemic heart disease either clinically or on E.C.G.s taken before and after exertion."Paralysis of the heart" in neuropathy was described by Oslerl in 1892 and tachycardia was noted by Guillain,2 Kernohan,3 and others.Davies and Dingle4 described five patients with Guillain-Barrd syndrome, all on respirators, who had tachycardia, one of whom showed ventricular ectopic beats on the E.C.G.Of 15 recent cases seen in this hospital, eight had a pulse rate (between 120 and 160/min and half showed non-specific S-T changes in the E.C.G.This tachycardia was out of proportion to any expected rise asso- ciated with a pyrexia and tended to occur at the height of the illness.It may be that the mortality of around 10%5 seen in this condition despite effective positive pressure respiration may be in part due to cardiac arrhythmias, and on the pre- mise that these are potentially treatable E.C.G. monitoring of all patients showing a sustained tachycardia is advisable.I would like to thank Dr. P. Millac for per- mission to report this case and for helpful criticism.
European doctors worry about the care they will receive when they are old
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Most doctors in Europe are concerned about the level and quality of healthcare that they will receive in their old age because they lack confidence in existing services and health policies, a survey has found.

Eighty per cent of 1113 health professionals surveyed by the Economist Intelligence Unit said they were anxious about how they would be treated when they were old. They feared that current policies to deal with the future demands of an ageing population were not comprehensive, realistic, or sufficiently funded, and 49% of them believed that the ageing population threatened the viability of their countries’ national healthcare systems.

However, half of the respondents to the survey, which was supported by Pfizer, believed …
Cardiac Electrophysiological Consequences of Neuromuscular Incapacitating Device Discharges
Authors: Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar, Ian M. Billingsley, Stephane Masse, Paul Dorian, Douglas Cameron, Vijay S. Chauhan, Eugene Downar, Elias Sevaptsidis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
TROPHIC VS. TROPIC
Authors: Werner Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Although I have not noticed "trophic" and "tropic" used incorrectly inThe Journal, I would like to point out that they are often misused. Would it not be possible to have a unified nomenclature in using the respective terms? In articles dealing with female endocrinology one often encounters the expressions "gonadotrophic" or "luteotrophic" hormone. It has never occurred to most of the authors that this is a misnomer. They derive the second part of the words in question from the Greek<i>trephein</i>, which means to feed or to nourish. This appears in expressions like "atrophy or atrophic" or "hypertrophic," where it simply means that a certain part is either undernourished or overnourished; however, the words I am speaking of should read "gonadotropic or luteotropic," since these words are derived from the Greek<i>trepein</i>, which means to drive, change, or turn into. Therefore, it is understood that the