tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF THYMOCYTES AND BONE MARROW CELLS IN DEFINING THE RESPONSE TO THE DINITROPHENYL HAPTEN ATTACHED TO POSITIVELY AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED SYNTHETIC POLYPEPTIDE CARRIERS
Authors: Yuval Karniely, Edna Mozes, G. M. Shearer, Michael Sela
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

An inverse relationship exists between the net electrical charge of immunogens and the antibodies they elicit (1). Results of an earlier study have demonstrated that the net charge phenomenon has a cellular basis, since the immune response potential of murine spleen cells to 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) on a negatively charged synthetic polypeptide carrier was reduced by cell fractionation over negatively charged glass beads, whereas the response to the same hapten on a positively charged carrier was unaffected (14). To verify that the net charge correlation is expressed at the cellular level, spleen cells were fractionated over positively charged poly-L-lysine-coated glass bead columns, and their immunocompetence to DNP on positively and negatively charged carriers was tested by cell transfers in irradiated recipient mice. In this case, the fractionated cells showed reduced response potential to DNP on the positively charged carrier only. Thus, the cellular basis of the net charge phenomenon has been demonstrated for both positively and negatively charged immunogens (for the same specificity) by cell separation techniques over columns of opposite charge. In order to establish whether the cell population relevant for the charge properties of immunogens was of thymus or marrow origin, thymocytes and bone marrow cells were selectively passed over positively or negatively charged columns and mixed with unfractionated cells of the complementary type. Transfers of the filtered and unfiltered cell mixtures in irradiated recipient mice immunized with DNP on either a positive or a negative synthetic polypeptide carrier indicated that fractionation of thymocytes, but not of marrow cells, correlated with the spleen population. Thus, thymocytes fractionated over negatively charged columns and mixed with unfractionated marrow cells exhibited reduced response to DNP on the negative carrier, but normal responses to DNP on the positive carrier. The opposite result was obtained when thymocytes were passed over positively charged columns. No effect on the anti-DNP response was detected by filtration of bone marrow cells over columns of either charge. These findings indicate that it is possible to distinguish between thymocytes on the basis of their capacity to react with more acidic or more basic surfaces and that a population of thymus-derived cells may recognize immunogens on the basis of their overall electrical charge. No evidence was found by these techniques that marrow-derived cells contribute to the net charge phenomenon.
Radiology of the Skull and Brain: The Skull
Authors: Michael S. Huckman
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To say that the first volume of this set contains encyclopedic information is certainly an understatement. Yet the unique organization of chapters, the superb quality of photographic reproductions, excellent indexing, and the inclusion of much clinical and embryologic information have made the volume extremely palatable reading. The opening chapter, a thorough history of neuroradiology, gives some interesting sidelights on the origins of the specialty. The excellent chapters on positioning and image quality are reinforced by the fine illustrations throughout. Although the preface states that the book is primarily for neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, neurologists, and general radiologists, this particular volume would also seem to be of great use to pediatricians, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. This is one of the first textbooks in neuroradiology to make thorough use of pluridirectional tomography in the examination of all areas of the skull. There is even a chapter which compares the presently available pluridirectional tomographic devices. The
Fibrinogen Survival in Cirrhosis: Improvement by 'Low Dose' Heparin
Authors: MORTON COLEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The effect of 'low dose' heparin therapy on fibrinogen survival in patients with cirrhosis was studied in six patients. Survival of 1-125 radiolabeled fibrinogen was measured using both autologous and homologous material. Average fibrinogen half-life before heparin therapy was 52 hours and after 3000 units of intravenous heparin every 6 hours was 101.8 hours. Median survival before heparin therapy was 56 hours and after therapy was 91 hours. In every instance fibrinogen survival was improved by heparin administration. These data indicate that 'low dose' heparin improves fibrinogen survival in cirrhosis and suggest that disseminated intravascular coagulation is a primary process in the defibrination syndrome associated with cirrhosis.
Job strain and COPD exacerbations: an individual-participant meta-analysis
Authors: K. Heikkila, I. E. H. Madsen, S. T. Nyberg, E. I. Fransson, K. Ahola, L. Alfredsson, J. B. Bjorner, M. Borritz, H. Burr, A. Knutsson, M. Koskenvuo, A. Koskinen, M. L. Nielsen, M. Nordin, K. Pahkin, J. Pentti, R. Rugulies, P. Salo, M. J. Shipley, S. B. Suominen, T. Theorell, A. Vaananen, J. Vahtera, M. Virtanen, P. J. M. Westerholm, G. D. Batty, A. Singh-Manoux, M. Kivimaki
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide (1). The clinical course of COPD is characterised by exacerbations, which can be minor and manageable at home or in primary care, or severe, leading to hospitalisation or even death. Known causes of exacerbations include tobacco smoke, air pollution, dusts and fumes, and respiratory infections (1, 2). One less well understood risk factor is stress, which could plausibly lead to COPD exacerbations as it can trigger inflammation (3, 4) and is associated with increased smoking (5), which are both implicated in COPD pathology (2). Work is an important source of stress in the age groups in which COPD is typically diagnosed (1, 6). However, we are not aware of previous investigations of work-related stress and the risk of COPD exacerbations.In this study, we examined the associations between job strain (the most widely studied conceptualisation of work-related stress) and severe COPD exacerbations using individual-level data from 10 prospective cohort studies from the Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium (7). Job strain is defined as a combination of high demands (excessive amounts of work) and low control (having little influence on what tasks to.
P261Local and systemic relaxin-2 expression is modulated in patients undergoing heart transplantation
Authors: I Werner, M Lupinski, UA Stock, A Moritz, A Beiras-Fernandez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Human Relaxin-2 is best known for its physiological role during pregnancy in the growth and differentiation of the reproductive tract as well as in the renal and systemic hemodynamic changes. This factor can also be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension and heart failure. Within the last years, Relaxin-2 is already being considered as a promising drug, especially in acute heart failure. RLX030, a recombinant form of Relaxin-2 has shown promising results in the therapy of acute heart failure. However, the role of Relaxin-2 in chronic heart failure has not been detailed investigated yet. We examined the systemic and local expression of Relaxin-2 in patients suffering from chronic heart failure (CHF) undergoing heart transplantation or LVAD implantation (CHF; n=7). Myocardial tissue samples and blood samples of the patients were collected after ethic approval and analyzed via immunohistochemical staining and ELISA analysis, respectively. Homografts and blood samples from by-pass surgery patients with EF>65% served as control group (Control; n=5). Data are expressed as mean±SEM. The statistical differences were determined by unpaired Student t-test and One-Way Anova, as appropriate, using GraphPad Prism 6 software. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The immunohistochemical staining for Relaxin-2 showed a significant higher protein expression in the CHF group compared to the controls (Control 26.49±1.37% vs. CHF 31.35±0.61%; p<0.05). The evaluation of the circulating levels of Relaxin-2 did not show significant differences. However, a trend in elevated Relaxin-2 levels in the CHF group compared to controls was observed (Control 15.32±0.11pg/ml vs. CHF 19.41±3.78pg/ml). Relaxin-2 has been successfully evaluated as a new drug for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure. Our data provide evidence about the promising role of Relaxin-2 in CHF. We have found an up-regulated tissue expression of this protein. Thus, Relaxin-2 seems to provide therapeutic potential of being a novel drug for CHF.
Multipotential stem cells recapitulate human infantile hemangioma in immunodeficient mice
Authors: Zia A. Khan, Elisa Boscolo, Arnaud Picard, Sarah Psutka, Juan M. Melero-Martin, Tatianna C. Bartch, John B. Mulliken, Joyce Bischoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Infantile hemangioma is a benign endothelial tumor composed of disorganized blood vessels. It exhibits a unique life cycle of rapid postnatal growth followed by slow regression to a fibrofatty residuum. Here, we have reported the isolation of multipotential stem cells from hemangioma tissue that give rise to hemangioma-like lesions in immunodeficient mice. Cells were isolated based on expression of the stem cell marker CD133 and expanded from single cells as clonal populations. The CD133-selected cells generated human blood vessels 7 days after implantation in immunodeficient mice. Cell retrieval experiments showed the cells could again form vessels when transplanted into secondary recipients. The human vessels expressed GLUT-1 and merosin, immunodiagnostic markers for infantile hemangioma. Two months after implantation, the number of blood vessels diminished and human adipocytes became evident. Lentiviral expression of GFP was used to confirm that the hemangioma-derived cells formed the blood vessels and adipocytes in the immunodeficient mice. Thus, when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, hemangioma-derived cells recapitulated the unique evolution of infantile hemangioma — the formation of blood vessels followed by involution to fatty tissue. In summary, this study identifies a stem cell as the cellular origin of infantile hemangioma and describes for what we believe is the first time an animal model for this common tumor of infancy.
Expression of Multidrug Resistance Genes<i>MVP</i>,<i>MDR1</i>, and<i>MRP1</i>Determined Sequentially Before, During, and After Hyperthermic Isolated Limb Perfusion of Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Melanoma Patients
Authors: Ulrike Stein, Karsten Jürchott, Matthias Schläfke, Peter Hohenberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Isolated, hyperthermic limb perfusion (ILP) with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha and melphalan is a highly effective treatment for advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and locoregional metastatic malignant melanoma. Multidrug resistance (MDR)-associated genes are known to be inducible by heat and drugs; expression levels of the major vault protein (MVP), MDR1, and MDR-associated protein 1 (MRP1) were determined sequentially before, during, and after ILP of patients.Twenty-one STS or malignant melanoma patients were treated by ILP. Tumor tissue temperatures were recorded continuously and ranged from 33.4 degrees C initially to peak values of 40.4 degrees C during ILP. Serial true-cut biopsy specimens from tumor tissues were routinely microdissected. Expression analyses for MDR genes were performed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.In 83% of the patients, MVP expression was induced during hyperthermic ILP. MVP-mRNA inductions often paralleled the increase in temperature during ILP. Increased MVP protein expressions either were observed simultaneously with the MVP-mRNA induction or were delayed until after the induction at the transcriptional level. Inductions of MDR1 and MRP1 were observed in only 13% and 27% of the specimens analyzed. Temperatures and drugs applied preferentially led to an induction of MVP and were not sufficient to induce MDR1 and MRP1 in the majority of tumors.This study is the first to analyze the expression of MDR-associated genes sequentially during ILP of patients and demonstrates that treatment might lead to increased levels of MVP, whereas enhanced levels of MDR1 and MRP1 remain rare events.
New strain of malaria reported in Africa
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The case of a 65-year-old female patient who has had a large right vulval mass for over 30 years is reported here. The mass was excised, but the hypocellular mesenchymal tumour was difficult to classify histologically. On further specialist assessment, it was found to be identical to the recently recognised distinctive prepubertal vulval fibroma. These are very rarely reported in children, and till now, has never been reported in an adult.
CONGENITAL OBSTRUCTION OF THE LARYNX AND PHARYNX
Authors: GORDON B. NEW
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Six cases are here reported which illustrate different types of congenital obstruction of the larynx and pharynx, a rare condition, which may be due to various causes. Although the causes lack similarity, one common symptom, respiratory obstruction in the new-born infant, was present in all of them and has formed the basis for the present study. <h3>REPORT OF CASES OF LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —<i>Congenital laryngeal stridor. History</i>.—J. B. H., a boy, aged 8 weeks, was brought to the Mayo Clinic, Dec. 21, 1922, because of trouble in breathing which had been evident since birth. He made a slight croaking noise on inspiration. He had not had severe spells, and did not get blue, but had some trouble in nursing on account of the difficulty in getting air. <h3>Examination.</h3> — Laryngoscopic examination revealed the epiglottis folded on itself, and the aryepiglottic folds almost in apposition. These moved up
WHO agrees new code on ethical recruitment of international health personnel
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization agreed on 21 May to a new voluntary global code of practice on the ethical recruitment of international health personnel which discourages countries from actively recruiting from poor nations facing critical staff shortages.

Severe shortages in 57 poor nations pose a major threat to the performance of already resource strapped health systems and undermines the ability of these nations to achieve key health objectives, says the WHO.

The code, adopted by ministers during the annual World Health Assembly, the WHO’s supreme body, also calls for countries which recruit staff from poorer countries to fund the training of health professionals in those countries.

It also recommends countries should “facilitate circular migration of health personnel [the freedom for medical personnel who have emigrated to go back and forth without restrictions]” …
The World Health Organization List of "Essential Drugs"
Authors: LOUIS LASAGNA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorial Notes1 August 1980The World Health Organization List of "Essential Drugs"LOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.LOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-2-368 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1977, the World Health Organization (WHO) created consternation in some quarters by publishing a list of "essential drugs"(1). It has now issued a revised version of this list (2), and more rumbles can be expected.As before, WHO proposes this list only as a "model which can furnish a basis for countries to identify their own priorities and to make their own selection." In 1978 the World Health Assembly urged developing countries in particular to establish their own national lists of essential drugs, recognizing the wide variation in national health needs and health services. Nevertheless, inevitably such a list,...References1. The Selection of Essential Drugs. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1977. (WHO Technical Report Series 615.) Google Scholar2. The Selection of Essential Drugs. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1979. (WHO Technical Report Series 641.) Google Scholar3. TERRY S. Third World strategy to counter pharmaceutical companies. Guardian. 1979; March 4. Letter. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LOUIS LASAGNA, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe biomarketMaking medicines essential: The emergent centrality of pharmaceuticals in global healthEssential DrugsJOAN-RAMON LAPORTE, M.D. 1 August 1980Volume 93, Issue 2Page: 368-369KeywordsDrugsGlobal healthMedical services ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lack of Awareness and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Type II Diabetes in a Community Survey
Authors: Michael P. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity, disability, and death among patients with type II (non—insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Moreover, hyperlipidemia is also common among these patients. Despite this, there are virtually no data regarding the level of awareness and treatment of hyperlipidemia among diabetic subjects at the community level. We therefore examined 374 Mexican-Americans and 86 non-Hispanic whites with type II diabetes identified in an epidemiologic survey that involved 3279 Mexican-Americans and 1847 non-Hispanic whites who resided in San Antonio, Tex. More than 40% of the diabetic subjects were hyperlipidemic according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, and an additional 23% had hypertriglyceridemia and/or low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. By contrast, less than one fourth of the nondiabetic subjects were hyperlipidemic. Only approximately 25% of non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were aware of their hyperlipidemia, and less than 10% were receiving treatment. Awareness and treatment were even less frequent among Mexican-Americans with diabetes. Community physicians should be encouraged to give early attention to the management of lipid disorders in their diabetic patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:360-364)
Alcoholism a Disease? (Continued)
Authors: FRANK A. SEIXAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 February 1975Alcoholism a Disease? (Continued)FRANK A. SEIXAS, M.D.FRANK A. SEIXAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-282_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The "Comments" letters in the January issue (Ann Intern Med82:116-119, 1975) about my editorial are very welcome, since they show a real interest in the issues raised by Drs. Burnum and me. I certainly agree with Dr. Fink that the role and goal of the physician should be the continuing support and guidance of the patient. To get the patient to turn around towards changing his behavior once addicted to alcohol is unquestionably a difficult task. However, the task is best done in the hospital where several methods, in a concerted effort, prescribed by the physician... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANK A. SEIXAS, M.D.Affiliations: National Council on Alcoholism New York, New York 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1975Volume 82, Issue 2Page: 282-283KeywordsAlcoholismBehavior ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Critical Condition: Human Health and the Environment, A Report by Physicians for Social Responsibility
Authors: Mark R. Cullen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

During the past 20 years three societal issues emerged that have concerned many physicians greatly: the prospect of nuclear war and its potential impact on the population; the threat posed by industrialization to our physical environment and biosphere; and the effects of environmental chemicals and other physical hazards on the people who worked with them or might be exposed to their residues in air, food, or water. While physicians have contributed greatly to public education and political progress in each of these arenas, there has been surprisingly little interchange among these activists, nor any attempt to find common themes with potential for greater professional awareness and participation. In<i>Critical Condition</i>researchers and advocates from each of these perspectives have joined forces to define a common ground for physicians interested in the environment: impacts of environmental disturbances on human health. It is in this context that this small volume can best
Prostaglandin E2 Resistance of Nasal Fibroblast in Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Is Caused by Epigenetic Factor Defects in EP2 Receptor Expression
Authors: Katherine N. Cahill, Molly Kidder, Neil Bhattacharyya, Larry Borish, John W. Steinke, Joshua A. Boyce, Tanya M. Laidlaw
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Migrants in Europe are losing out on care they are entitled to
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Most migrants do not come to Europe to benefit from the continent’s health and welfare systems, says a new report by the Medecins du Monde European Observatory on Access to Health Care.

The report, which is based on a survey of 1218 adults without a residence permit (“undocumented migrants”) and on 93 interviews conducted in 2008, notes that only 6% of undocumented migrants cited health as one of their reasons for coming to Europe. The majority were fleeing poverty, danger, or restrictions on their freedom.

Provision of health care …