tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Continuous ventilation and oedema.
Authors: K. T. Tchen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

trained.I shared his opinion then, and still do.It is common knowledge that many patients, who, on doctors' orders, have received months of heat, traction, massage, and exercises from a physiotherapist for a painful neck or back, eventually go off on their own and are put right by a treatment or two from a lay manipulator.Is there any good reason why these simple manoeuvres should not have been carried out at a doctor's request by the physiotherapist?However, the other agnect of the Question must be considered.The effectiveness of the physiotherapist also depends on doctors not sending along unsuitable cases.For examnle, they should no longer send patients along with a "frozen shoulder" for vain nlhvsiotherapy, when a few intra- articular injections of hydrocortisone provide the effective treatment.The coin has two sides.There would, in my opinion, be plenty enough physiotherapists to go round if on the one hand thev were sent only such cases as were likely to respond, and on the other they were taught as students a direct man- ual approach to all suitable lesions.-Iam, etc.,
Interferon response and respiratory virus control are preserved in bronchial epithelial cells in asthma
Authors: Dhara A Patel, Yingjian You, Guangming Huang, Derek E Byers, Hyun Jik Kim, Eugene Agapov, Martin L Moore, R Stokes Peebles, Mario Castro, Kaharu Sumino, Adrian Shifren, Steven L Brody, Michael J Holtzman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A novel molecular mechanism of primary resistance to FLT3-kinase inhibitors in AML
Authors: Frank Breitenbuecher, Boyka Markova, Stefan Kasper, Birgit Carius, Torsten Stauder, Frank D. Böhmer, Kristina Masson, Lars Rönnstrand, Christoph Huber, Thomas Kindler, Thomas Fischer
Journal: Blood (2009)
Proinflammatory Mediators Chronically Downregulate the Formation of the Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Arteries Via a Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Paul Kessler, Rüdiger Popp, Rudi Busse, Valérie B. Schini-Kerth
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Endothelium-dependent dilator responses mediated by NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) are altered in arteriosclerosis and sepsis. The possibility that proinflammatory mediators that stimulate the expression of inducible NO synthase (NOS II) affect the generation of EDHF was examined in isolated arteries. Methods and Results —Under combined blockade of NOS and cyclooxygenase, EDHF-mediated relaxation elicited by several agonists was significantly attenuated in rabbit carotid and porcine coronary arteries exposed to cytokines and lipopolysaccharide. The blunted relaxation was coincident with NOS II expression and was prevented by inhibition of NOS II as well as of global protein synthesis. The NO donor CAS 1609 and 8-bromo-cGMP mimicked the proinflammatory mediator effect. In contrast, long-term blockade of endothelial NO generation increased the relaxation in carotid but not in coronary arteries. Proinflammatory mediators reduced the synthesis of EDHF assessed as hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle cells elicited by the effluent from bradykinin-stimulated coronary arteries. Proinflammatory mediators induced NOS II expression in cultured endothelial cells and decreased the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are the most probable candidates for the synthesis of EDHF. Conclusions —Proinflammatory mediators inhibit the formation of EDHF in isolated arteries. This impairment is coincident with NOS II expression in the arterial wall and seems to be mediated through the induced generation of NO, which downregulates the putative EDHF-forming enzyme. Thus, a decreased formation of EDHF may contribute to the endothelial dysfunction in arteriosclerosis and sepsis.
Management of critical valvular outflow obstruction in neonates
Authors: R. H. Burnell, P. E. Ghadiali, M. C. Joseph, M. Paneth
Journal: Thorax (1970)

OBJECTIVE: To present a case of metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) involving the spine. BACKGROUND: Esthesioneuroblastoma (also known as olfactory neuroblastoma) is a rare malignancy of the olfactory epithelium. Although local invasion beyond the nasal cavity and adjacent sinuses is common, distant metastases are extraordinarily rare. To date, fewer than thirty documented cases involving the spine, spinal cord, or leptomeninges have been reported. DEISGN/METHODS: Case report. Review of clinical notes, pathology, and imaging studies. RESULTS: A 67 year-old woman presented with recurrent epistaxis. Computer tomography (CT) revealed an expansile right nasal mass causing remodeling of the nasal cavity and medial orbital wall. She underwent a gross total resection and was diagnosed with ENB - Kadish Stage C (extension beyond the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses). Post-operatively, she was treated with 59.4 Gy of radiation delivered over 33 fractions. Post treatment surveillance consisted of frequent nasal endoscopies. Twenty months after diagnosis she presented with complaints of left shoulder pain as well as lower back pain affecting her ability to walk. Neurological examination was limited by discomfort but was notable for hyperreflexia at the knees and decreased rectal tone. X-ray revealed a pathological fracture of the left humerus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed destructive lesions at T12 and L1 with prominent extraosseous extension into the epidural and paraspinal spaces resulting in severe spinal canal stenosis, neural foraminal effacement and cord compression. CT-guided biopsy provided the diagnosis of metastatic ENB. The patient underwent a multilevel posterior laminectomy and fusion to decompress the spine. She had a full neurological recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Distant metastases from ENB are rare, but can occur despite careful surveillance for local recurrence. Patients with ENB who present with back pain should be imaged early to investigate the possibility of drop metastases. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Armand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Welch has nothing to disclose.
Treatment of osteomalacia associated with primary biliary cirrhosis with parenteral vitamin D2 or oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Authors: J E Compston, L W Horton, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1979)

The histological and biochemical response of osteomalacia has been studied in four patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, who were treated with oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 50 microgram daily, or intramuscular vitamin D2, 150,000 units once weekly, for five to 12 months. All patients showed complete histological healing of osteomalacia, despite rapidly deteriorating liver function in three. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were low in all patients before treatment, but became normal during either vitamin therapy. Serum calcium and phosphate levels, and urinary calcium excretion were not always reliable in predicting the histological response to treatment. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in all patients during vitamin D therapy. We conclude that both high-dose parenteral vitamin D2 and oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 may be effective in healing osteomalacia associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during vitamin D therapy provides useful information about 25-hydroxylation of the parent vitamin and intestinal absorption of orally administered 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Fighting Carcinogens with Underwear
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To those of us raised in an ambience of crises, it is a bit unsettling to see "shortage" replacing "crisis" as the number one headline word. On the other hand, we Aesculapians can take some comfort in the fact that doctors for once are not being held directly responsible, although, almost unavoidably, HEALTH is involved. Heating oil, we are told, is going to be hard to get, and alarums about the consequent "cold" temperatures endangering the people's health are gravely sounded, basso profundo, by the telecasters.What do they mean by "cold"? What is their normal, or, perhaps more pertinently, . . .
Cardiac and Arterial Target Organ Damage in Adults with Elevated Ambulatory and Normal Office Blood Pressure
Authors: Jennifer E. Liu, Mary J. Roman, Riccardo Pini, Joseph E. Schwartz, Thomas G. Pickering, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Ambulatory blood pressure may be higher or lower than clinic blood pressure. Attention has focused on “white coat hypertension” (normal ambulatory blood pressure elevated in the clinic). The converse phenomenon of high ambulatory blood pressure but normal office blood pressure—“white coat normotension”—has not been studied. Objective: To assess whether white coat normotension (awake ambulatory blood pressure > 134/90 mm Hg and clinic blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg) is associated with target organ damage. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Setting: University hospital hypertension center and participant work sites. Patients: 295 clinically normotensive adults and 64 patients with sustained hypertension (elevated clinic and ambulatory blood pressure). Measurements: Target organ abnormalities were measured by echocardiography and arterial ultrasonography in 61 patients with white coat normotension, 234 with sustained normotension (normal clinic and ambulatory blood pressure), and 64 with sustained hypertension. Results: Patients with white coat normotension were older; had higher body mass indices, serum creatinine concentrations, and glucose levels; and a higher prevalence of current smokers. Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were higher by 13 g/m2 (CI, 8 to18 g/m2) and by 0.03 (CI, 0.01 to 0.04), respectively, in patients with white coat normotension compared with those who had sustained normotension. Patients with white coat normotension and those with sustained hypertension did not differ significantly for left ventricular mass index (4 g/m2 [CI, −3 to 10 g/m2] or relative wall thickness (0.01 [CI, −0.01 to 0.03]). The prevalence of discrete atherosclerotic plaques was similar in patients with white coat normotension (17 of 61, or 28% [CI, 17% to 39%]) and those with sustained hypertension (17 of 64, or 27% [CI, 16% to 38%]), but the difference lost significance after adjustment for age. Conclusions: White coat normotension is associated with left ventricular mass and carotid wall thickness similar to those in sustained hypertension. The association of white coat normotension with prognostically important target organ damage may partly explain the ability of high normal left ventricular mass and high normal clinic blood pressure to predict subsequent hypertension and cardiovascular events in patients with clinical normotension.
Mucins and mucosal protection in the gastrointestinal tract: new prospects for mucins in the pathology of gastrointestinal disease
Authors: A P CORFIELD
Journal: Gut (2000)

The luminal surface of the gastrointestinal tract is covered by a viscoelastic mucous gel layer that acts as a protective barrier against the harsh luminal environment. The structural characteristics of this barrier are primary indicators of its physiological function and changes to its composition have long been identified in gastrointestinal pathologies. During the past decade significant improvements in analytical techniques coupled with detailed knowledge of the genes coding for the mucin proteins have provided exciting new insights into the role of the mucous layer and its relevance to gastrointestinal disease.

The high molecular weight mucins are responsible for the viscoelastic properties of the mucous barrier. They are widely expressed in epithelial tissues and are characterised by variable number tandem repeat peptide sequences rich in serine, threonine, and proline which carry large numbers of O -linked oligosaccharide chains.1 2 At present, 12 genes have been described, shown in table 1.1 3 Secreted and membrane associated forms have been found based on their function as extracellular viscous secretions or viscoelastic polymer gels or location as membrane anchored molecules in the glycocalyx.3 4 Two clusters have been reported, the secretory mucin genes MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6 on chromosome 11p15.5, and MUC3, MUC11, and MUC12 on chromosome 7q22.3

View this table:

Table 1 
Mucin genes and their location in the human gastrointestinal tract



Histochemical techniques for mucin detection rely on the ability to detect carbohydrate or negative charge and were widely used for classification of changes in disease.5 6 The use of lectins and anticarbohydrate antibodies has greatly improved the specific detection of mucins histochemically and biochemically.5 6 A group of mucin oligosaccharide antigens, including Tn, sialyl-Tn, T, Lewisx and Lewisy, sialyl and sulpho-Lewisx and -Lewisa, and the blood group ABH antigens, have been identified …
Abstract ES5-3: Investigating Breast Cancer with Single-Cell Sequencing
Authors: NE Navin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tumors evolve from single cells. As they evolve, they acquire complex somatic mutations and diversify, forming distinct subpopulations of cells. This intratumor heterogeneity confounds basic research and clinical practice because tools do not exist to resolve it. Standard genomic methods are limited to reporting an average signal from a complex population of cells, because they require a large amount of input material. These bulk methods may mask population diversity and rare cells in the tumor - that may be the most malignant. To address this limitation my laboratory has developed single-cell sequencing tools to delineate intratumor heterogeneity and investigate mutational evolution in human cancers. We developed a method to profile genomic copy number in single cells and used this method to study genome evolution in triple-negative (ER−/PR−/Her2-) breast tumors (Navin et al., 2011 Nature) which revealed a punctuated model for copy number evolution. Recently, we have extended this method to obtain whole-genome, high-coverage sequencing data from single human tumor cells. From this data we can detect the full spectrum of genomic mutations, including point mutations, indels and microdeletions in single human cells. We applied this method to study clonal diversity in an estrogen-receptor-positive breast carcinoma and sequenced four single cells in addition to a population sample. In the population we detected only 36 coding mutations. However, our whole-genome single-cell sequencing data revealed hundreds of additional coding mutations, suggesting extensive clonal diversity in the tumor. Our data from this tumor support a mutator phenotype model for tumor progression, in which cancer is driven by elevating the rate of random mutations. Our studies show that a wealth of information can be obtained from studying single cancer cells, data that could not be obtained by analyzing the tumor en masse. We expect single-cell sequencing to have major clinical applications in early detection, analyzing scarce tissue samples and monitoring residual disease in patients with cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-3.
Tumor Invasion of Extralobar Soft Tissue Beyond the Hilar Region Does Not Affect the Prognosis of Surgically Resected Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Hajime Otsuka, Genichiro Ishii, Junji Yoshida, Yoko Yamaguchi, Tomoyuki Hishida, Mitsuyo Nishimura, Kanji Nagai, Atsushi Ochiai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Streamlining Ethical Review
Authors: Joseph Millum, Jerry Menikoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

The review system for human subjects research in the United States has been widely criticized in recent years for requirements that delay research without improving human subject protections. Any major reformulation of regulations may take some time to implement. However, current regulations often allow for streamlined ethics review that does not jeopardize-and may improve-protections for research participants. The authors discuss underutilized options, including research that need not be classified as human subjects research, categories of studies that can be exempt from ethical review, studies that need only undergo expedited review by 1 institutional review board (IRB) member, and simplifying reviews of multicenter research by using the IRB of 1 institution. The authors speculate on multiple reasons for the underuse of these mechanisms and exhort IRBs and researchers to take advantage of these important opportunities to improve the review process.
MRSA Infections Rise
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The disunity of Pavlovian and instrumental values
Authors: Sean B. Ostlund, Bernard W. Balleine
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract A central theme of the unified framework for addiction advanced by Redish et al. is that there exists a common value or incentive process controlling Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. Here we briefly review evidence from a variety of sources demonstrating that these incentive processes are in fact independent. Clearly the influence of Pavlovian predictors and goal values on choice offer distinct potential targets for pathologies of decision-making.
The Use of Prostate-Specific Antigen in Staging Patients With Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer
Authors: Joseph E. Oesterling
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the need for obtaining radionuclide bone scans in the staging evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer. This determination was made on the basis of presenting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective review. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The medical records of 2064 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from January 1989 through December 1990 were reviewed. Eight hundred fifty-two patients with newly diagnosed, untreated disease and a serum PSA concentration less than 20.0 μg/L at presentation comprised the study population. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The rate of false-negative results associated with using the serum PSA concentration to predict bone scan findings. <h3>Results.</h3> —Five hundred sixty-one patients had a serum PSA concentration of 10.0 μg/L or less; only three had an abnormal bone scan result, and one had an indeterminate scan result. Of the 467 men whose PSA value was 8.0 μg/L or less (two times the upper limit of the reference range), none had bone scan results that were either abnormal or indeterminate. The rate of false-negative results for an abnormal bone scan result was 0% with a serum PSA value of 8.0 μg/L or less and 0.5% with a cutoff level of 10.0 μg/L. The 95% upper confidence limit for the rate of false-negative results for all PSA cutoff levels less than 20.0 μg/L was less than 2%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —For patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer, a serum PSA concentration of 10.0 μg/L or less, and no skeletal symptoms, a staging radionuclide bone scan does not appear to be necessary. This clinical situation applies to 39% of all patients presenting with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Since more than 130 000 new cases are diagnosed each year, approximately 50 000 patients are affected annually. If the $600 staging bone scan were eliminated for these patients, a significant economic savings to the health care system in this country would be effected. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:57-60)
Coeliac disease and unfavourable outcome of pregnancy Reply
Authors: D J Unsworth
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—We read with interest the paper by Martinelli et al ((2000) Gut 46:332–335.[OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3]) in which the authors found that 12 of 845 (1 in 70) pregnant women were positive for antiendomysium antibody (AEA). We have conducted a similar study. We examined sera from 450 consecutive unselected … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DUnsworth%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D353%26rft.issue%253D9158%26rft.spage%253D1100%26rft.epage%253D1100%26rft.atitle%253DIron-deficiency%2Banaemia%2Bin%2Bpremenopausal%2Bwomen.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10199377%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10199377&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F47%2F4%2F598.2.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000079614000056&link_type=ISI
Peter Leslie Masters
Authors: A. M Masters
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Peter Leslie Masters was born in London on 17 January 1920. He studied medicine at Guy’s Hospital, where he qualified in 1942. After house jobs in 1943, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corps from 1944 to 1946 in India, Burma, Malaya, and Singapore. He was mentioned in dispatches and retired from the army with the rank of captain. After the second world war he obtained the DCH in 1949 and the London MD (pathology) in 1951.

Peter spent several years working at the Evelina and …
Conduction of the Cardiac Impulse
Authors: PAUL F. CRANEFIELD, HERMAN O. KLEIN, BRIAN F. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Depressed excitability and responsiveness were created in excised bundles of canine Purkinje fibers. A segment 8 mm long was depressed by being encased in agar containing 47 m M K + , the ends of the bundle outside the agar remaining normal. Either normal end could be excited through extracellular electrodes. Action potentials were recorded by intracellular microelectrodes at each end and within the depressed segment. Conduction velocity within the depressed segment fell as low as 0.05 m/sec. Abnormalities of impulse transmission through the depressed segment included delay, 2:1 block, higher degrees of block, rate-dependent block, and block showing the Wenckebach phenomenon. Asymmetries of conduction seen included one-way block. Action potentials in the depressed segment were of low amplitude and showed slow upstrokes. Variations in action potential duration occurred in the depressed segment when conduction failed or was very slow and when impulses were dropped. Delay in conduction too great to result simply from a slow upstroke is attributed to summation of excitatory events across regions of block in a syncytium of cells. The results prove that conduction delays great enough to permit re-entry can occur in short segments of Purkinje fibers subjected to high K + .