tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic and portacaval shunted dogs: Lack of changes in brain GABA uptake, brain GABA levels, brain glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and brain postsynaptic GABA receptors
Authors: Sophie Roy, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues, Roger F. Butterworth, P.-Michel Huet
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

It has been suggested, from studies of a rabbit model of fulminant hepatic failure, that hepatic encephalopathy might be related to an increase in brain γ-aminobutyric acid uptake through a more permeable blood-brain barrier, leading to an overactivity of brain γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibitory neurotrans-mission. Five groups of dogs were studied: normal dogs, dogs with secondary biliary cirrhosis without and with hepatic encephalopathy and portacaval shunted dogs without and with hepatic encephalopathy. Brain γ-aminobutyric acid and sucrose uptake was investigated using the multiple indicator dilution curve technique in unanesthetized dogs. Tracer doses of 99m Tc-labeled albumin (extracellular reference substance), 3 H-labeled γ-aminobutyric acid and 14 C-labeled sucrose prepared in autologous dog plasma were injected in one carotid artery, and dorsal sagittal sinus dilution curves were obtained. Uptake was calculated by comparing the areas under the 99m Tc-labeled albumin and the [ 3 H]γ-aminobutyric acid (or [ 14 C]sucrose) curves from appearance to peak height. After killing, brain γ-aminobutyric acid levels were measured in the frontal cortex by high-performance liquid chromatography and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities using a radioenzymatic assay. Brain γ-aminobutyric acid postsynaptic receptors were assessed using [ 3 H]muscimol binding studies. There were no significant changes in cirrhotic and shunted dogs with or without hepatic encephalopathy with regard to brain γ-aminobutyric acid and sucrose uptake, brain γ-aminobutyric acid levels and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities. [ 3 H]Muscimol binding studies did not show any changes in the number nor in the affinity of postsynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid receptors. Moreover, trypan blue injected in four dogs with hepatic encephalopathy did not induce a staining of the brain. These findings support neither a selective increase in brain γ-aminobutyric acid uptake in hepatic encephalopathy nor a physical breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, brain studies suggest that impaired central γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic function does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs with cirrhosis or portacaval shunts.
Expression of leukemogenic recombinant viruses associated with a recessive gene in HRS/J mice.
Authors: N Green, H Hiai, J H Elder, R S Schwartz, R H Khiroya, C Y Thomas, P N Tsichlis, J M Coffin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

HRS/J inbred mice carry a mutant autosomal recessive gene (hr), which in homozygotes coincides with susceptibility to spontaneous thymic leukemia. Unlike their heterozygote (hr/+) littermates, hr/hr homozygotes express high levels of xenotropic virus during the preleukemic period, and viruses with a broadened host range (termed polytropic viruses) can be isolated from their preleukemic and leukemic tissues. Because hr/hr and hr/+ mice are otherwise genetically identical, the virological differences between them support the role of polytropic viruses in the generation of thymic leukemia. In the present report we show that the HRS/J polytropic viruses are env gene recombinants with unique oligonucleotide and peptide maps. These polytropic viruses appear to arise by recombination between ecotropic virus and an unidentified genome related, but not identical to, the endogenous xenotropic viruses. Moreover, polytropic viruses not only accelerate leukemogenesis in HRS/J mice, but also induce thymic leukemia in the low leukemia strain CBA/J. By contrast, cloned ecotropic and xenotropic viruses have no leukemogenic action.
Decreased Risk of Symptomatic Chlamydial Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Associated With Oral Contraceptive Use
Authors: Pal Wølner-Hanssen
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Studies have shown that oral contraceptive use may protect against pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), but it is not known whether oral contraceptives protect against the disease among women already infected with<i>Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. The relationship between oral contraceptive use and PID was analyzed in a case-control study of 141 women with verified PID and 739 randomly selected, sexually active women with no clinical evidence of the disease. Case and control subjects were stratified on the basis of infection with<i>C trachomatis</i>,<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>, or neither organism. Among women infected with<i>C trachomatis</i>alone, those with PID were less likely than control subjects to use oral contraceptives. The association was significant when oral contraceptive use was compared with nonuse (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.08 to 0.64) and with noncontraception (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.06 to 0.53) and remained so after adjusting for potential confounding variables by logistic regression analysis. Among women infected with<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>alone, no association was found between use of oral contraceptives and PID. These data suggest that oral contraceptive use protects against symptomatic PID among women infected with<i>C trachomatis</i>but not among those infected with<i>N gonorrhoeae</i>. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:54-59)
IMPACT OF SCN10A GENE POLYMORPHISM FOR CARDIAC CONDUCTION ABNORMALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Akiyoshi Ogimoto, Chiharuko Iio, Tamami Kono, Akira Fujii, Teruyoshi Uetani, Takayuki Nagai, Kazuhisa Nishimura, Katsuji Inoue, Jun Suzuki, Yasuharu Tabara, Takafumi Okura, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
CTLA4 polymorphisms in primary biliary cirrhosis patients and first degree relatives of cretan origin
Authors: A. Mantaka, M. Koulentaki, O. Tsagournis, V. Galanakis, E. Kouroumalis
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction and background</h3> Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) encodes a coinhibitory immunoreceptor that is a key regulator of self tolerance with established genetic associations to multiple autoimmune diseases. Studies of CTLA4 in PBC identified an association with the G allele of 49AG in Chinese and French patients, but not in the USA, Brazil, UK, Italy and Germany ones. <h3>Aims</h3> To examine whether <i>CTLA-4</i> CT60 and/or +49A/G polymorphisms are involved in the genetic predisposition to PBC in a genetically homogeneous Cretan population. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors studied 91 PBC patients (77 female, 9 AMA-), median age 68 years (41–84 years), Ludwig stage <b>III</b>–IV: 43/91, 101 first degree relatives (FDR, 63 females), median age 40 years (18–80 years), 3/101 <b>AMA</b>+ and 100 healthy controls (76 female), median age 69 years (39–86 years), 16/100 ANA+, all of Cretan origin. After the isolation of genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, <i>CTLA-4</i> CT60 and +49A/G polymorphisms were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism with the use of <i>Bbv</i>I (+49A/G) and <i>Nla</i>III (CT60). Distribution of genotypes and alleles were compared by x<sup>2</sup> test. <h3>Results</h3> The genotypes AA, AG and GG of the polymorphism rs231775 of CTLA4 gene were 41 (45.1%), 47 (51.6%) and 3 (3.3%) in the PBC patients, 58 (57.4%), 39 (38.6%) and 4 (4%) in the FDR and 46 (46%), 47 (47%) and 7 (7%) in the control group. No statistical differences were found among groups (PBC vs controls p=0.48, FDR vs controls p=0.23) and no association of the genotypes with disease stage (p=0.178). The genotypes AA, AG and GG of the genetic polymorphism rs3087243 of CTLA4 gene were 22 (24.1%), 39 (42.9%) and 30 (33%) in the PBC patients, 25 (24.8%), 59 (58.4%) and 17 (16.8%) in the FDR and 24 (24%), 52 (52%) and 24 (24%) in the control group. No statistical differences of the genotypes were found among groups (PBC vs controls p=0.334, FDR vs controls p=0.438) and no association with disease stage (p=0.316). <h3>Conclusions</h3> rs3087243 and rs231775 CTLA4 gene polymorphisms have no association with either susceptibility to PBC or disease stage in a genetically homogeneous population of Cretan origin.
BERIBERI FROM A DIET OF RAW STARCH
Authors: E. J. KEPLER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Beriberi is seen so infrequently in the United States that its occurrence is worthy of mention. Cases of the disease do occur from time to time, but chiefly among the crews of vessels landing in our ports or among the Orientals. Vedder<sup>1</sup>has shown that the disease has been fairly common in our asylums and penal institutions, and since the publication of his work epidemics in prisons have been reported by both Travis<sup>2</sup>and Livengood.<sup>3</sup>Sporadic cases occur from time to time, but they are exceedingly rare, especially in this part of the country. The probable reason for our fortunate freedom from the disease lies in the fact that even in our lowest social strata the standards of living are sufficiently high to prevent its occurrence. The etiology of beriberi is now generally accepted to be a deficiency in the diet of a specific vitamin known as
Application of functional genomics to study of inflammatory airways disease
Authors: D E Davies, R Djukanovic, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Asthma is a complex disease associated with both genetic and environmental factors such as allergens, respiratory tract infections, and atmospheric pollutants. Like rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, asthma can be regarded as a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder. Its inflammatory component involves mast cells and eosinophils as the principal effector cells, with dendritic and T cells orchestrating the response.1 2 Disease chronicity is associated with tissue destruction and airway wall remodelling which is characterised by epithelial disruption, smooth muscle and microvascular proliferation, and altered matrix deposition.2 

Most asthma is associated with atopy, a predisposition to generate immunoglobulin E (IgE) against environmental allergens.3However, only a proportion of atopic individuals develop lower airways symptoms consistent with an asthmatic phenotype, although histological examination of the lower airways of atopic non-asthmatics shows these individuals to have an intermediate degree of eosinophilia and collagen deposition.4 It is therefore tempting to speculate that the development of asthma requires combined inheritance of genes which alter the immune cell response to the environment and, at the same time, render the airways structural and neural regulation susceptible to injury caused by inflammation. Several asthma/atopy associated genes have been identified from linkage and association studies3 5 and, as can be seen from table 1, many of the candidate genes are cytokines or cytokine receptors—that is, molecules capable of controlling cell function through regulation of gene expression. Similarly, environmental factors such as ozone are also known to induce gene expression6 7 through activation of transcription factors such as NfκB.8 9 Thus, it is likely that the primary genetic and environmental causes of asthma have downstream effects on expression of many other genes, and that these ultimately co-operate to determine the asthmatic phenotype (fig1).

View this table:

Table 1 
Summary of candidate asthma susceptibility genes





Figure 1 
Interaction …
Estrogen and Coronary Heart Disease in Women-Reply
Authors: Trudy L. Bush
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Sullivan chastises us for an overemphasis on the role of lipids in mediating the protective effect of estrogen. We plead not guilty as charged; in our review we wrote: "These two reports suggest that between 25% and 50% of the beneficial effect of estrogen on CHD [coronary heart disease] risk is through changes in HDL [high-density lipoprotein] and LDL [low-density lipoprotein] cholesterol. However, this further implies that 50% to 75% of the beneficial effect of estrogen is through other, nonlipid mechanisms." We listed about 10 other possible mechanisms, but made no attempt to list all possible ways in which estrogen could reduce the risk of heart disease. Sullivan suggests lower levels of iron, caused by menstrual blood loss, as a possible explanation for the sex differences in heart disease, an interesting but as yet untested hypothesis. Sullivan notes that women with hypercholesterolemia have a lower risk of
1357 A LARGE-SCALE GENETIC VALIDATION STUDY COUPLED WITH IN-VITRO ANALYSES REVEAL A ROLE OF VITAMIN D-SIGNALING IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: C.M. Lange, S. Bibert, Z. Kutalik, K. Morikawa, A. Cerny, J.-F. Dufour, T.J. Gerlach, M.H. Heim, R. Malinverni, B. Müllhaupt, F. Negro, K. Badenhoop, C. Sarrazin, T. Berg, J. Gouttenoire, P.-Y. Bochud, D. Moradpour
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Scintigraphy of Sacroiliac Pyarthrosis in Children
Authors: John H. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Eight children with low back, hip, or lower limb pain who were subsequently shown to have pyogenic infections of their sacroiliac joints were examined by a combination of plain roentgenography and radionuclide bone scintigraphy. In all cases, the scintigraphic examination was diagnostic, while the roentgenograms were initially abnormal in only two cases. In the other six cases, one to six weeks passed before changes compatible with sacroiliac pyarthrosis were seen on roentgenographic examination. Radionuclide scintigraphy is recommended as part of the initial workup of children with appropriate symptoms.
Epithin/PRSS14 proteolytically regulates angiopoietin receptor Tie2 during transendothelial migration
Authors: Chungho Kim, Hyo Seon Lee, Deokjae Lee, Sang Don Lee, Eun-Gyung Cho, Soo Jung Yang, Sang Bum Kim, Dongeun Park, Moon Gyo Kim
Journal: Blood (2010)
Shipman inquiry finds GMC has “fundamental flaws”
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The General Medical Council, which regulates UK doctors, has “fundamental flaws” and its responsibility for disciplinary hearings that decide whether a doctor is fit to continue to practise should be handed over to an independent body, the Shipman inquiry concluded this week.

In a hard hitting report that she acknowledged would be “bruising” for the GMC, the inquiry's chairwoman, the appeal court judge Dame Janet Smith, said the council should no longer act as both investigator and judge under its new fitness to practise procedures. From November, these have replaced the old disciplinary regime under which panels decided whether doctors had been guilty of serious professional misconduct ( BMJ 2004;329: 1366, 11 Dec, News Extra).

Dame Janet said it was inappropriate for the same body to carry out the investigative and judicial function and that she would have made the recommendation to hive …
Relation of early hemodynamic changes to final cardiac phenotype and survival after neural crest ablation in chick embryos.
Authors: H Tomita, D M Connuck, L Leatherbury, M L Kirby
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Microcinephotography was used to study a model of persistent truncus arteriosus created in chick embryos by ablation of premigratory neural crest destined for the third and fourth aortic arch arteries as well as the septum of the cardiac outflow tract. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five control embryos and 105 of 202 experimental embryos were filmed on day 3 of incubation and then reincubated. The remaining 97 experimental embryos were not filmed because of twisting of the embryos, but they were reincubated. There was no difference in either the survival rate (p greater than 0.23) from day 3 to day 11 of incubation or the incidence of persistent truncus arteriosus (p greater than 0.08) between the filmed and the nonfilmed embryos. Incomplete looping of the cardiac tube observed in experimental embryos during early cardiogenesis correlated with a right ventricular origin of the outflow vessels in the definitive heart. Hemodynamic measurements indicated that there was no difference in heart rate, ejection fraction, systolic and diastolic areas, stroke volume, and cardiac output between controls and the experimental group as a whole. However, embryos that did not survive to day 11 had decreased stroke volume (p less than 0.001) and cardiac output (p less than 0.001), whereas embryos that survived to day 11 with cardiac malformations had increased stroke volume and cardiac output in early embryogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Increased stroke volume and cardiac output may be necessary factors for survival in embryos with cardiac dysmorphogenesis and probably are associated with dilation of the ventricular portion of the cardiac tube, which leads to malalignment of the outflow vessel or vessels.
Induction of endotoxin tolerance in transgenic mouse liver expressing creatine kinase
Authors: E Hatano, A Tanaka, S Iwata, S Satoh, T Kitai, S Tsunekawa, T Inomoto, H Shinohara, B Chance, Y Yamaoka
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The liver plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis during endotoxin-triggered systemic inflammatory response. To study the effects of phosphocreatine on hepatic energy metabolism after endotoxin administration, we used transgenic mice whose livers express creatine kinase (CK). CK catalyzes a phosphocreatine/creatine reaction, that is, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP) reservoir system. Because dietary supplementation with creatine leads to an accumulation of creatine and phosphocreatine in transgenic livers, we compared the CK transgenic mice fed with creatine with the normally fed CK transgenic mice. In the creatine-fed mice, hepatic ATP, energy charge ([ATP + 0.5 adenosine diphosphate (ADP)]/[ATP + ADP + adenosine monophosphate (AMP)]), and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activities remained at high levels after injection of 10 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as compared with those in normally fed mice. Furthermore, there were beneficial effects on the functional reserve for ATP synthesis and work-cost performance, as calculated by free cytoplasmic ADP and the Michaelis constant (Km). Interestingly, a reduction of tissue necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-lalpha (IL-lalpha), and suppression of the decrease in glucose levels after LPS injection were observed in the creatine fed mice. Survival rates at 72 hours after injection of 10 mg/kg of LPS significantly increased in the creatine fed mice compared with the normally fed mice (80% vs. 24%, P < .001). Therefore, we concluded that the presence of phosphocreatine in the liver maintains energy metabolism and attenuates cytokine response, resulting in endotoxin tolerance.
Coronary pressure-flow, pressure-function, and function-myocardial oxygen consumption relations in postischaemic myocardium
Authors: S. Kawashima, A. Satani, S. Tsumoto, T. Kondo, K. Ikeoka, M. Morita, T. Iwasaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Coronary pressure-flow, pressure-function, and function-myocardial oxygen consumption relations in postischaemic myocardium Get access Seinosuke Kawashima, Seinosuke Kawashima First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Correspondence to: Dr Kawashima Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arata Satani, Arata Satani First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sadaya Tsumoto, Sadaya Tsumoto First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tomohiro Kondo, Tomohiro Kondo First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kiyomitsu Ikeoka, Kiyomitsu Ikeoka First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masato Morita, Masato Morita First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tadaaki Iwasaki Tadaaki Iwasaki First Department of Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 10, October 1991, Pages 837–843, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.10.837 Published: 01 October 1991 Article history Received: 26 February 1991 Accepted: 12 June 1991 Published: 01 October 1991
Increasing the mutation rate for jagged1 mutations in patients with Alagille syndrome
Authors: David L. Suskind, Karen F. Murray
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Alagille syndrome (AGS) is caused by heterozygous mutations in JAG1, and mutations have been previously reported in about 70% of patients who meet clinical diagnostic criteria. We studied a cohort of 247 clinically well-defined patients, and using an aggressive and sequential screening approach we identified JAG1 mutations in 94% of individuals. Mutations were found in 232 out of 247 patients studied and 83 of the mutations were novel. This increase in the mutation rate was accomplished by combining rigorous clinical phenotyping, with a combination of mutation detection techniques, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic and cDNA sequencing, and quantitative PCR. This higher rate of mutation identification has implications for clinical practice, facilitating genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, and evaluation of living-related liver transplant donors. Our results suggest that more aggressive screening may similarly increase the rate of mutation detection in other dominant and recessive disorders.
A PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION on BACILLUS DIPHTHERIAe and its VARIANTS in a SCHOOL in which DIPHTHERIA was ENDEMIC: (FROM THE BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE MINNESOTA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, MINNEAPOLIS, U.S.A.)
Authors: F. F. Wesbrook, L. B. Wilson, O. McDaniel, J. H. Adair
Journal: BMJ (1898)
Monocyte maturation and prognosis in primary breast cancer.
Authors: S A Taylor, G A Currie
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Continuous subcutaneous neostigmine in the management of severe myasthenia gravis Oral anticholinesterase drugs are variably and incompletely absorbed and sometimes fail to maintain patients with myasthenia gravis independent of hospital care, even when combined with steroids and immunosuppressive agents.We describe such a patient and suggest a novel addition to the management of this problem. Case reportIn May 1978 a 27-year-old woman presented with an 18-month history of dysphagia and dysarthria.Examination showed that she had myasthenia gravis, which was confirmed by a Tensilon test, and investigation showed a thymic tumour.In June 1978 a thymic carcinoma affecting pleura and peri- cardium was removed as completely as possible; radiotherapy was given in July and August 1978 (see figure).Before and after operation the myasthenia was controlled with neostigmine and pyridostigmine.After radiotherapy the patient's myasthenia worsened and affected her eyes, limbs, and respiratory muscles as well as swallowing.Because of severe weakness she was readmitted to hospital on 22 August 1978.Over the next month various combinations of neostigmine 80 60-Prednisolone 401.mg/day 20j Azothhioprine 150 mg/day --Continuous 50 _ subcutaneous neostigmine mg/daye
Ileal Ascariasis Detected by Magnified Terminal Ileoscopy
Authors: A. Trecca, F. Gaj, S. Serafini, M. Sperone
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Figure 1 A 45-year-old Peruvian nun was referred to us for investigation of severe weight loss (more than 9 kg in 1 week) and asthenia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and total colonoscopy were negative, but terminal ileoscopy revealed an isolated finding of an enlarged submucosal follicle.