tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS OF THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF CHLORPROTHIXENE (TARACTAN) IN PSYCHOSES
Authors: LEON REZNIKOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Sixty psychotic patients have been treated with chlorprothixene for 8 to 32 weeks; most of the patients were chronic schizophrenics. Twenty (40%) schizophrenics improved or achieved a remission to be released for convalescent care; 13 (26%) improved sufficiently to participate in hospital social, occupational and recreational activities and 17 (34%) remained unimproved. The number of non-schizophrenic patients was too small to be statistically signfficant. Frequent blood counts and transaminase studies revealed no significant abnormalities; there were no cases of agranulocytosis, jaundice or skin rash; mild extrapyramidal symptoms developed in 2 patients, but were easily controlled with Akineton, and did not require discontinuation of chlorprothixene. Both tranquilizing and antidepressant effects are gradual; no dramatic changes have been observed. Chlorprothixene might be useful in treatment of schizophrenic patients who have some depressive features, or become depressed from large doses of other tranquilizers.
IMPACT OF DIABETES ON ANGIOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION EXCLUSIVELY TREATED WITH PITAVASTATIN [FROM THE LIVALO ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION STUDY (LAMIS)]
Authors: Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antibiotic resistance in exopolysaccharide-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates from orthopaedic implant infections
Authors: Carla Renata Arciola, Davide Campoccia, Simonetta Gamberini, Maria Elena Donati, Valter Pirini, Livia Visai, Pietro Speziale, Lucio Montanaro
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
Hair–Metal Binding
Authors: Thomas A. Hinners, Willie J. Terrill, Jane L. Kent, Anthony V. Colucci
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Extensive ambient extraction of several metals from human hair compromises some assumptions concerning the binding of metals to hair and the biochemical process of metal incorporation into hair. Hair metal concentrations can reveal metal intoxications and metal deficiencies.The scalp hair selected for investigation included specimens of different colors from both sexes for various donor ages and from different geographic exposure areas. The hair samples were washed by agitation for 30 min with a 1% solution of sodium lauryl sulfate in a pH 7.2 buffer, rinsed repeatedly with deionized water, and oven-dried at 110 degrees C before 2-g portions were taken for extraction and digestion. Extraction involved agitation of the washed hair samples for 21 hr with 40 ml of 1% nitric acid at room temperature (23 degrees C). The extracted hair was digested in order to quantitate the amount of metal that was not extracted. Metal measurements were made by conventional flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Potential interferences were investigated. Extraction varied between 82 and 100% for Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Removal of Fe, Ni, and Cu was 33-54%. Anatomical location, binding chemistry, biochemical incorporation, and mass screening are discussed.
17β-Estradiol stimulates expression of endothelial and inducible NO synthase in rat myocardium in-vitro and in-vivo
Authors: Simone Nuedling, Stefan Kahlert, Kerstin Loebbert, Pieter A. Doevendans, Rainer Meyer, Hans Vetter, Christian Grohé
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objectives: NO production has been attributed to play a major role in cardiac diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction which display significant gender-based differences. Therefore we assessed the effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on estrogen receptor (ER) α and β and endothelial and inducible NO synthase in neonatal and adult rat cardiomyocytes. Methods: The presence of ERα and ERβ was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis as well as the expression pattern of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) in isolated cardiomyocytes from neonatal and adult rats. Furthermore, regulation of myocardial iNOS and eNOS expression by estrogen was evaluated in the myocardium from ovariectomized or sham-operated adult Wistar-Kyoto rats. Results: Incubation with E2 led to translocalization of the ER into the nucleus and increased receptor protein expression. E2 stimulated expression of iNOS and eNOS in both neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes. Coincubation with the pure anti-estrogen ICI 182.780 inhibited upregulation of ER and NOS expression. In ovariectomized rats myocardial iNOS and eNOS protein levels were significantly lower compared to sham-operated female animals. Conclusion: Taken together, these results show that E2 stimulates the expression of iNOS/eNOS in neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes in-vivo and in-vitro. These novel findings provide a potential mechanism of how estrogen may modulate NOS expression and NO formation in the myocardium.
Recent advances: Orthopaedics
Authors: C G Moran
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Trauma and orthopaedics have seen many changes over the past 20 years. The next 20 promise even greater advances, particularly in the areas of materials science, computer aided manufacturing technology, and molecular biology. In addition to technical advances there have been changes in the provision of care, such as the greater subspecialisation of surgeons and improvements in the organisation of trauma and oncology services. Perhaps the most important change is the increase in evidence based practice which uses studies of patients' outcomes.
Predictors of Functional and Anatomic Outcomes in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Ranibizumab
Authors: Raafay Sophie, Na Lu, Peter A. Campochiaro
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate baseline predictors of month 24 best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) treated monthly with ranibizumab or sham. <h3>Design</h3> Post hoc analysis of DME patients in 2 identical phase 3 studies. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients randomized to ranibizumab (n = 502) or sham (n = 257). <h3>Methods</h3> Multivariate regression on predictors with <i>P</i> < 0.20 in univariate logistic regression using backward selection to retain predictors with <i>P</i> < 0.05. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Patient characteristics correlating with month 24 BCVA in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score ≥70 (20/40) or ≤50 (20/100), gain or loss from baseline BCVA of ≥15, or CFT ≤250 μm. <h3>Results</h3> Baseline predictors of BCVA ≥20/40 in ranibizumab-treated patients were good BCVA, submacular fluid, no cardiovascular disease, no scatter photocoagulation, and male gender, whereas in sham-treated patients, they were mild increase in CFT, presence of hard exudates in center subfield, and absence of renal disease. Predictors of improvement in BCVA letter score ≥15 in ranibizumab-treated patients were poor BCVA, submacular fluid, young age, and short diabetes duration, and those in sham-treated patients were poor BCVA, young age, and mild increase in CFT. Predictors of resolution of edema (CFT ≤250 μm) in ranibizumab-treated patients were mild foveal thickening and prominent subfoveal fluid, and those in sham-treated patients were poor BCVA, mild foveal thickening, and statin usage. Month 24 BCVA ≤20/100 was predicted by poor baseline BCVA in ranibizumab-treated patients, and by poor baseline BCVA, large intraretinal cystoid spaces, renal disease, and absence of hypercholesterolemia in sham-treated patients. Loss of BCVA ≥15 letters was predicted in sham-treated patients by submacular fluid, intraretinal cystoid spaces, and renal disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with DME and submacular fluid, intraretinal cysts, severe thickening, or renal disease respond poorly when untreated and respond well to ranibizumab treatment. Elimination of submacular fluid, intraretinal cysts, and severe thickening are important goals of DME treatment, and in patients with renal disease, treatment should be very aggressive, with a goal of eliminating all macular fluid.
High Density Lipoprotein Subpopulations in Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Linus Chang, Peter Clifton, Philip Barter, Malcolm Mackinnon
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Severe liver disease may be associated with a reduction in plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein and an impairment of plasma cholesterol esterification. These changes were confirmed in two patients with severe acute on chronic alcoholic liver disease. In five additional patients with biopsy-proven clinically compensated cirrhosis, there was minimal reduction in concentration of plasma cholesteryl esters; there was, however a reduction of the plasma high density lipoprotein concentration to only 48 to 66% of normal. The particle size distribution of high density lipoprotein in these five patients was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. The high density lipoprotein2 subfraction was preserved. The high density lipoprotein3 subfraction, however, was markedly changed with a reduction in the normal particles of radius 4.3 m and an accentuation of smaller particles of radius 3.9 m; in two patients, these smaller particles were the major high density lipoprotein subpopulation. Further investigations of this finding of a distinctive distribution of high density lipoprotein subpopulations in patient with chronic liver disease may provide new insights into high density lipoprotein metabolism.
Diagnostic Test for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert C. Rock
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Saranchak and Bernstein, "A New Diagnostic Test for Acute Myocardial Infarction," (228:1251, 1974) raises important questions concerning the proposed method, which we believe must be answered before this procedure can be considered seriously. Although the authors state that quantitation of myoglobinuria is a "much more accurate diagnostic test for infarction than serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, or creatine phosphokinase," they fail, in our opinion, to adequately substantiate their statement; hence, their hypothesis is unconvincing.<sup>1,2</sup> The lowest myoglobin standard used (5 mg/100 ml) is unfortunately also at the critical decision point used as evidence by the authors for acute myocardial infarction; no information is provided for reproducibility of the assay technique at this critical level, or at levels lower than 5 mg/100 ml. Moreover, the data in Fig 1 indicate that there may be appreciable overlap between patients with arteriosclerotic heart
Turkish doctors face prosecution for treating protesters
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Members of the Turkish Medical Association are to be prosecuted for allegedly breaking the law when they organised impromptu emergency care for injured anti-government protesters during political unrest in Istanbul’s Gezi Park in May 2013.

The Turkish health ministry is seeking to have the governors of the Ankara branch of the association (called the Ankara Chamber of Medicine) removed from office for organising “healthcare units …
Teenage pregnancies are influenced by family structure
Authors: T. Stammers
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Since up to 80% of unintended pregnancies result from contraceptive failure, McLeod cautions that differential access to contraceptive services may be only one component affecting local variation in rates of teenage pregnancy. 1 2 She mentions the well established association between socioeconomic deprivation and teenage pregnancies.

She does not, however, mention the …
Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Author's reply
Authors: G D Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1989)

on the treatment of benign prostatic.hyperplasiacontained a sentence which cannot pass without comment: "The fact that a recent review has sug- gested that transurethral resection of the prostate may not be as good as urologists have claimed2 does not detract from the important advantages of this technique in treating benign prostatic hyper- plasia."Surely all disadvantages detract somewhat from any advantages, however important?Moreover, readers may not be aware of the nature of the disadvantages that are being cited.These are an excess risk of reoperation and, most importantly, of death in the years after transurethral resection of the prostate when compared with open surgery of around 40%.Obviously there are problems with interpreting the results cited, which are derived from observa- tional and longitudinal data records from three countries among men with no serious concomitant illness and are adjusted as far as possible for case severity.But such data are suggestive and require further investigation by prospective randomised comparison, unless these differences can be unambiguously shown to be attributable to unmeasured aspects of selection or prognosis.It seems slightly cavalier to dismiss implicitly these findings as if they amounted to nothing before such a demonstration.
Reovirus as a novel oncolytic agent
Authors: Kara L. Norman, Patrick W.K. Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Reovirus is a double-stranded RNA-containing virus that possesses the distinctive ability to replicate in transformed cells while sparing normal cells, both in vitro and in vivo, in rodent models of cancer. The discovery of this property only arose through years of basic research on the biology of reovirus infection. Upon elucidation of the intracellular factors that govern cellular susceptibility, it became clear that reovirus Type 3 Dearing was capable of replicating in cells with an activated Ras signaling pathway, whereas normal, untransformed cells were unable to support reovirus infection (1). Because normal cells are resistant to reovirus, it is not surprising that reovirus infection in humans is usually subclinical (2, 3). Altogether, the potential impact of such findings is impressive when one considers that activating mutations in the ras genes alone contribute to more than 30% of all human cancers and that many other mutations in elements of the Ras pathway can also contribute to oncogenesis (4, 5). Recently, research using murine cancer models has revealed that this genetically unmodified laboratory strain of reovirus can indeed selectively destroy tumor cells, with no manifestations of animal morbidity or mortality (6). This has led the way to investigation into its therapeutic potential in human cancer.
Liver X receptor opens a new gateway to StAR and to steroid hormones
Authors: C. R. Jefcoate
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) broadly limit cholesterol accumulation by regulating expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and storage. In this issue of the JCI, Cummins et al. report that LXRα is involved in similar regulation in the adrenal cortex, but it also substantially modulates glucocorticoid synthesis (see the related article beginning on page 1902). LXRα deletion in mice increases the availability of adrenal cholesterol for steroid synthesis by decreasing the expression of cholesterol efflux transporters. Glucocorticoid synthesis requires intramitochondrial cholesterol transport mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). Surprisingly, LXR deletion and stimulation by an agonist each increase glucocorticoid synthesis. This parallels increased expression of StAR and several other steroidogenic genes.
Variceal sclerotherapy: further progress.
Authors: P M Smith
Journal: Gut (1987)

Leading articlesVariceal sclerotherapy: further progress Variceal bleeding can be spectacular with a mortality varying from 15 to 50%.The use of vasopressin, glypressin or the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube will stop the bleeding temporarily, but with little effect on eventual mortality.Portacaval shunting stops the bleeding, but at the expense of an increased chance of encephalopathy and no overall improvement in mortality.'Even the distal splenorenal shunt devised by Warren to protect hepatic blood flow and lessen encephalopathy appears to have little advant- age over the old portacaval shunt.2
In Search of a Platelet Coombs Test
Authors: Scott Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Between the years 1945 and 1951, two developments in the growing field of immunohematology were particularly critical. In 1945 Coombs et al. used a rabbit serum against human globulin to produce agglutination of red cells that had been sensitized by the presence of immunoglobulin on their surface.1 Before that time, there had been no dependable method to identify the presence of such immunoglobulin. In the introductory paragraph of their report they stated, "The test was originally intended as an instrument of research; but it promises to be of practical use. . . ." Indeed, it has been. One year later, . . .
Racial Profiling
Authors: Rachel M. Werner, David A. Asch, Daniel Polsky
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Although public release of quality information through report cards is intended to improve health care, there may be unintended consequences of report cards, such as physicians avoiding high-risk patients to improve their ratings. If physicians believe that racial and ethnic minorities are at higher risk for poor outcomes, report cards could worsen existing racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Methods and Results— To investigate the impact of New York’s CABG report card on racial and ethnic disparities in cardiac care, we estimated differences in the use of CABG, PTCA, and cardiac catheterization between white versus black and Hispanic patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction in New York before and after New York’s first CABG report card was released, adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics and national changes in racial and ethnic disparities in cardiac care. The racial and ethnic disparity in CABG use significantly increased in New York immediately after New York’s CABG report card was released, whereas disparities did not change significantly in the comparison states. There was no differential change in racial and ethnic disparities between New York and the comparison states in the use of cardiac catheterization or PTCA after the CABG report card was released. Over time, this increase in racial and ethnic disparities decreased to levels similar to those before the release of report cards. Conclusions— The release of CABG report cards in New York was associated with a widening of the disparity in CABG use between white versus black and Hispanic patients.
Hot Nodule After Fine Needle Aspiration
Authors: BARRY L. SHULKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A 24-year-old woman was referred for thyromegaly. Physical examination showed a 2-cm mass near the right lower pole of the thyroid, which did not accumulate Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate. A chocolate brown fluid was aspirated (1.5 ml) that consisted of multiple macrophages, some hemosiderin ladin, with no epithelial cells. One hour after aspiration, an additional view was obtained to confirm shrinkage of the nodule. However, the cold region now was replaced by a hot area. The hot nodule is likely due to follicular and cellular disruption that follows fine needle aspiration. A significant elevation in serum thyroglobulin has been shown to occur in nearly half of patients undergoing fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. It appears that leakage of Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate into the surrounding area is the scintigraphic representation of the follicular disruption. A less likely explanation is delayed accumulation of Tc-99m pertechnetate by the cyst, which cannot be excluded without performing an additional study without aspiration. Thus, imaging immediately after fine needle aspiration, without antecedent images, may produce misleading findings.
Acute poisoning: organization and work-load of a treatment centre.
Authors: H. Matthew, A. T. Proudfoot, S. S. Brown, R. C. Aitken
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The Atkins Report (Central Health Services Council, 1962) included among its recommendations the establishment of district and regional poisoning treatment centres.Apart from the nominal designation of certain hospitals no action appears to have been taken.Between 1962 and 1966 the admission of poisoned patients increased by about 80% (General Register Office, 1964Office, , 1968)), and other reports (Backett, 1965 ;Ellis, Comish, and Hewer, 1966) estimated that between 10 and 19% of acute medical admissions to hospital were on account of poisoning.The health authorities therefore considered it advisable to review the situation.The ensuing Hill Report (Central and Scottish Health Services Councils, 1968) high- lighted the epidemic nature of acute non-fatal poisoning in adults and teenagers and reiterated that poisoning treatment centres based on the district general hospital or its existing complex should be established, staffed, equipped, and designated throughout the country.All cases of self-poisoning in adults should be admitted to these centres, where a consultant with a special interest in the management of cases of poisoning would be available.These units should have seven-day psychiatric cover and laboratory support for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of the commonly ingested poisons.Such a centre has evolved at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh over the past 90 years (Matthew, 1966), and during recent years it has functioned in the manner recommended in the Atkins and Hill Reports.In view of the current interest in acute poisoning it is opportune to examine the work-load and problems associated with the day-to-day administration of this unit. Edinburgh Poisoning Treatment Centre Structure and StaffingThe poisoning treatment centre is a self-contained unit situated adjacent to the accident and emergency department, through which all admissions pass.An intercom system allows rapid communication between the unit, the accident and emergency department, the anaesthetic department, and the laboratory dealing with chemical toxicology.The accommodation consists of two side-rooms, each with four beds, usually occupied (for nursing reasons) by women, and a 12-bed ward for men.When pressure on beds for women is great the allocation of patients can be quickly reversed.A single room is available for severely ill patients.
COLICINE K
Authors: Walther F. Goebel, Guy T. Barry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

By chemical fractionation a substance having colicine K activity has been obtained from the culture medium of E. coli K235 L+O. Colicine K activity was found associated with the O antigen of this microorganism. When the O antigen was dissociated, colicine K activity remained with the protein component of the antigen.
The JAK/STAT Pathway Is Involved in Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Céline S. Nicolas, Stéphane Peineau, Mascia Amici, Zsolt Csaba, Assia Fafouri, Charlotte Javalet, Valerie J. Collett, Lars Hildebrandt, Gillian Seaton, Sun-Lim Choi, Su-Eon Sim, Clarrisa Bradley, Kyungmin Lee, Min Zhuo, Bong-Kiun Kaang, Pierre Gressens, Pascal Dournaud, Stephen M. Fitzjohn, Zuner A. Bortolotto, Kwangwook Cho, Graham L. Collingridge
Journal: Neuron (2012)

The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is involved in many cellular processes, including cell growth and differentiation, immune functions and cancer. It is activated by various cytokines, growth factors, and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and regulates the transcription of many genes. Of the four JAK isoforms and seven STAT isoforms known, JAK2 and STAT3 are highly expressed in the brain where they are present in the postsynaptic density (PSD). Here, we demonstrate a new neuronal function for the JAK/STAT pathway. Using a variety of complementary approaches, we show that the JAK/STAT pathway plays an essential role in the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus. Therefore, in addition to established roles in cytokine signaling, the JAK/STAT pathway is involved in synaptic plasticity in the brain.