tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Alcohol Abuse on Readmission for Trauma
Authors: Frederick P. Rivara, Thomas D. Koepsell, Gregory J. Jurkovich, James G. Gurney, Robert Soderberg
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effect of admission for trauma with concurrent acute alcohol intoxication or chronic alcohol abuse on the risk of subsequent recurrence of trauma. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Level I regional trauma center. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 2578 patients 18 years or older admitted with blunt or penetrating trauma within 24 hours of injury and surviving to discharge. All patients had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) test, a γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) test, and the short Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (SMAST) performed on admission. <h3>Main Outcome Measurement.</h3> —Readmission to the trauma center for new trauma. Average follow-up was 28 months (range, 16 to 40 months). <h3>Results.</h3> —The overall rate of readmission for new injuries was 1.3 per 1000 patient-months of follow-up. Patients who were intoxicated on the initial admission (BAC &gt;22 mmol/L [100 mg/dL]) were 2.5-fold as likely to be readmitted than those not intoxicated (95% confidence limits, 1.6, 3.9). The relative risks for patients with positive SMAST scores and abnormal GGT values were 2.2 (95% confidence limits, 1.4, 3.5) and 3.5 (95% confidence limits, 2.2, 5.5), respectively. The increased risks remained significant for intoxication and abnormal GGT values after adjustment for gender, race, Medicaid status, and mechanism of injury. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of readmission for new trauma. Trauma patients should be screened for alcohol problems; referral of problem drinkers for appropriate care may decrease their risk of admission for subsequent trauma. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1962-1964)
Dosage of Theophylline in Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Kenneth M. Piafsky, Richard I. Ogilvie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THEOPHYLLINE (1,3-dimethylxanthine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid closely related to caffeine (Fig. 1). The pharmacologic actions of theophylline include stimulation of respiration, augmentation of cardiac inotropy and chronotropy, relaxation of smooth muscle, including that in the bronchi and blood vessels other than cerebral vessels, and diuresis.1 It has been used in a number of diseases, but its main use has been in the treatment of reversible airway obstruction and as an adjunct to the therapy of acute left ventricular failure.The actions of theophylline are probably mediated through inhibition of phosphodiesterase and an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, which mediates . . .
Effects of platelet depletion on the unanesthetized sheep's pulmonary response to endotoxemia.
Authors: J R Snapper, J M Hinson, A A Hutchison, P L Lefferts, M L Ogletree, K L Brigham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effect of platelet depletion on the unanesthetized sheep's pulmonary response to endotoxemia was studied in eight unanesthetized sheep. Platelets were depleted with rabbit anti-sheep platelet antibodies (APA). Bolus injections of APA alone caused marked pulmonary hypertension (PPA increased from 21 +/- 2 to 62 +/- 5 cm H2O +/- SE) and alterations in lung mechanics (dynamic compliance of the lung [Cdyn] decreased to 38.5 +/- 4.6% and resistance to air flow across the lung [RL] increased to 705 +/- 162% +/- SE of control), which were attenuated by pretreatment with meclofenamate. It was possible to deplete platelets before endotoxemia through a slow continuous infusion of APA without altering base-line values of the measured variables. Platelet depletion did not significantly attenuate the alterations in pulmonary hemodynamics, lung mechanics, lung fluid and solute exchange, or the normal increase in lung lymph concentrations of thromboxane B2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha observed following endotoxemia in the sheep. We conclude that normal circulating platelet counts are not required for the full expression of the sheep's response to endotoxemia.
Clinical outcome after endoscopic resection for superficial pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma invading the subepithelial layer
Authors: Hironaga Satake, Tomonori Yano, Manabu Muto, Keiko Minashi, Yusuke Yoda, Takashi Kojima, Yasuhiro Oono, Hiroaki Ikematsu, Ikuo Aoyama, Shuko Morita, Shinichi Miyamoto, Satoshi Fujii, Akihiko Yoshizawa, Atsushi Ochiai, Ryuichi Hayashi, Kazuhiro Kaneko
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The curability of endoscopic resection for superficial pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SPSCC) has not been fully elucidated, particularly for lesions invading the subepithelial layer, which carry the risk of metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the curative potential of endoscopic resection for SPSCC invading the subepithelial layer. <b>Patients and methods:</b> From June 2002 to July 2010, 198 SPSCCs in 176 consecutive patients were treated by endoscopic resection at two tertiary referral centers. Selection criteria were initial endoscopic resection, histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma invading the subepithelial layer, no lymph node or distant metastasis before endoscopic resection, and no prior treatment for pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Endoscopic resection was performed under general anesthesia. Long-term survival and clinical outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Among 176 consecutive patients, 50 lesions in 47 patients (all male; median age 64 years) were histologically diagnosed from endoscopic resection specimens as having subepithelial invasion. Median tumor thickness was 1000 μm (range 200 – 10 000 μm). Six patients developed local recurrence (13 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 3.1 % – 22.4 %), and all were cured with organ-preserving intervention. After a median follow-up period of 71 months (range 27 – 116 months), one patient (2 %; 95 %CI 0 – 6.3 %) developed neck lymph node metastasis. A total of 14 patients (30 %) were followed for 5 years or more, and 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival rates were 84.5 % (95 %CI 73 % – 96 %) and 100 %, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Endoscopic resection has curative potential as a minimally invasive treatment option for SPSCC that invades the subepithelial layer.
Detecting the Coevolution of Biosequences—An Example of RNA Interaction Prediction
Authors: Chen-Hsiang Yeang, Jeremy F. J. Darot, Harry F. Noller, David Haussler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

A probabilistic graphical model is proposed in order to detect the coevolution between different sites in biological sequences. The model extends the continuous-time Markov process of sequence substitution for single nucleic or amino acids and imposes general constraints regarding simultaneous changes on the substitution rate matrix. Given a multiple sequence alignment for each molecule of interest and a phylogenetic tree, the model can predict potential interactions within or between nucleic acids and proteins. Initial validation of the model is carried out using tRNA and 16S rRNA sequence data. The model accurately identifies the secondary interactions of tRNA as well as several known tertiary interactions. In addition, results on 16S rRNA data indicate this general and simple coevolutionary model outperforms several other parametric and nonparametric methods in predicting secondary interactions. Furthermore, the majority of the putative predictions exhibit either direct contact or proximity of the nucleotide pairs in the 3-dimensional structure of the Thermus thermophilus ribosomal small subunit. The results on RNA data suggest a general model of coevolution might be applied to other types of interactions between protein, DNA, and RNA molecules.
False-negative results of Haemoccult test.
Authors: S C Desai, G R Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1981)

isolation of G vaginalis together with the significantly higher isolation rate among heterosexual men suggests that while gardnerella infection of the male urethra is unlikely, colonisation of this site may be an important factor in the epidemiology of "non-specific" vaginitis.This should be borne in mind when setting up and evaluating trials of therapy for this condition.
A family inheriting different subtypes of acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Marshall Horwitz, Daniel E. Sabath, William A. Smithson, Jerald Radich
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Rare inherited cancer syndromes have proven invaluable for the identification of genes involved in the more frequent corresponding noninherited cases. We report on a family with an adult onset, incompletely penetrant, autosomal dominant syndrome of myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia, affecting at least eight, and probably ten, individuals from three generations. The patients have developed leukemias differing in morphologic subtype, tumor cytogenetics, and abruptness of presentation. Some have presented with acute onset and others with protracted myelodysplasia. This family does not have an unusual incidence of other malignancies; however, one person at 50% risk of inheriting this gene developed atypical mycobacterium infection in the absence of leukemia, but also without appreciable risk factors for acquired deficiencies in cellular immunity. Features common to affected family members, including the individual with mycobacterium infection, are the early presence in the bone marrow of red cell and platelet maturation defects. A search for mutations in diseased marrows fails to detect abnormalities of p53 or N-ras. Two of the affected family members, third degree relatives, have co-inherited a constitutional chromosomal banding variation of 9p21-22, potentially suggesting linkage to this locus. The variable penetrance and expressivity of this syndrome support a multistep model of leukemia evolution, in which the gene defined by this family's syndrome is the signal step.
Reduced Ratio of Male to Female Births in Several Industrial Countries
Authors: Devra Lee Davis, Michelle B. Gottlieb, Julie R. Stampnitzky
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The sex ratio of 1.06:1, the ratio of male to female births, has declined over the past decades. Recent reports from a number of industrialized countries indicate that the proportion of males born has significantly decreased, while some male reproductive tract disorders have increased.To examine the evidence for declines in the male proportion at birth and suspected causes for this decline, and to determine whether altered sex ratio can be considered a sentinel health event.Birth records were analyzed from national statistical agencies.Published analyses of trends in ratio of males to females at birth and studies of sex determinants evaluating epidemiological and endocrinological factors.Proportion of males born: 1950-1994 in Denmark; 1950-1994 in the Netherlands; 1970-1990 in Canada; and 1970-1990 in the United States.Since 1950, significant declines in the proportion of males born have been reported in Denmark and the Netherlands. Similar declines have been reported for Canada and the United States since 1970 and parallel declines also have occurred in Sweden, Germany, Norway, and Finland. In Denmark, the proportion of males declined from 0.515 in 1950 to 0.513 in 1994. In the Netherlands, the proportion of males declined from 0.516 in 1950 to 0.513 in 1994. Similar declines in the proportion of males born in Canada and the United States are equivalent to a shift from male to female births of 8600 and 38000 births, respectively. Known and hypothesized risk factors for reduced sex ratio at birth cannot fully account for recent trends.Patterns of reduced sex ratio need to be carefully assessed to determine whether they are occurring more generally, whether temporal or spatial variations are evident, and whether they constitute a sentinel health event.
Breast Symptoms in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Mary Barton, Suzanne Fletcher, Joann Elmore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters7 December 1999Breast Symptoms in a Health Maintenance OrganizationMary Barton, MD, MPP, Suzanne Fletcher, MD, MSc, and Joann Elmore, MD, MPHMary Barton, MD, MPPHarvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Barton)Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Fletcher)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Elmore)Search for more papers by this author, Suzanne Fletcher, MD, MScHarvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Barton)Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Fletcher)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Elmore)Search for more papers by this author, and Joann Elmore, MD, MPHHarvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Barton)Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Fletcher)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Elmore)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-11-199912070-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Stefani and Cadore raise two interesting questions. We drew no conclusions regarding the appropriateness of patients presenting to internal medicine departments; our finding that 71% of initial symptoms were brought to clinicians in internal medicine probably reflects a culture wherein the first contact is with an identified primary care provider; this is also seen in countries other than the United States (1). As we noted in our article, rates of presentation of breast symptoms did not differ by ethnic group, although presenting with a breast symptom was more likely in patients with a family history of breast ...Reference1. Roberts MM, Elton RA, Robinson SE, French K. Consultations for breast disease in general practice and hospital referral patterns. Br J Surg. 1987;74:1020-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mary Barton, MD, MPP; Suzanne Fletcher, MD, MSc; Joann Elmore, MD, MPHAffiliations: Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Barton)Harvard Pilgrim Health Care; Boston, MA 02215 (Fletcher)University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195 (Elmore) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBreast Symptoms among Women Enrolled in a Health Maintenance Organization: Frequency, Evaluation, and Outcome Mary B. Barton , Joann G. Elmore , and Suzanne W. Fletcher Breast Symptoms in a Health Maintenance Organization Stephen Doral Stefani and Luciana Cadore Metrics 7 December 1999Volume 131, Issue 11Page: 865-866KeywordsBreast cancerCancer risk factorsEstrogen replacement therapyHealth maintenance organizationsMedical risk factorsObesity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 7 December 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4913: A quantitative integrated systems biology approach for modeling cell cycle pathways in normal and tumor cells
Authors: Hemanth Tummala, Hilal S. Khalil, Katarzyna Goszcz, Maria Grazia Tupone, Vili Stoyanova, Ekaterina Nikolova, Vanio Mitev, Nikolai Zhelev
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We have developed a novel biological system for quantitative analysis of biochemical pathways in normal and tumour human cells. The system is based on cells growing in tissue culture media where the concentrations of growth factors, hormones and other components of the media are precisely defined and continuously monitored. Quantitative immunoblotting and luminescence-based reporter assays are then used to measure the cellular concentration of key cell cycle regulatory proteins and their activity in real time in live cells. This technology resulted in accurate measurement of cellular concentration of a number of key cell cycle regulatory proteins such as Cyclins, CDKs and CDK inhibitors during the cell cycle. The data are being utilized in the development of a quantitative integrated systems biology approach to the cell cycle. The approach consists of a comprehensive network of the molecular interaction pathways regulating cell cycle in normal and tumor cells and a model which incorporates the activity of key molecular species in a single dynamical system which can be solved using genetic algorithms designed to match experimental data, both qualitative and quantitative, to the model kinetics. The model could be utilized for the development of new drug targets and would be capable of consistently measuring the effects of existing drugs (either single or in combination) and opens up a methodology for establishing the effectiveness of these drugs with clear implications for cost/benefit assessment. Major impact is expected on clinical research where the model can be a tool in determining intervention strategies in the molecular pathways concerned. Apart from the development of new drug targets the model will be capable of consistently measuring the effects of existing drugs (either single or in combination) and opens up a methodology for establishing the effectiveness of anti-cancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4913. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4913
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the Endometrium
Authors: W. J. Smyly
Journal: BMJ (1888)

rare.No doubt this displacement was sometimes observed in those cases whlere the uterus and appendages were bound down by old inflammatory protlucts; but as an originally abnormal dis- placement, it was in 1iis opiUioII extremely rare.lIe could not agree with Dr. Atthill, even in cases where a retroversion or flexion was observed, and whiere no urgent symptoms were mani- fested, that still lhe should inot attempt replacement; the reposition and retention could uot by any possibility do any lharm.We slhould do all in our power to remnove any hyperplastic uterine condition, althouglh he was of opinion thlat too much importance was attached to this so-called metritis; and in an organ like the uteruis we ,should expect that there must be occusionally engorgement and, perhaps, liyperplasia;,but he thought that tlierswats a goodl deal of exaggeration oil thlis sul)ject.Ile entertained a very strong objection to thle use of tie stenm pessary.There was one circumstance that occasionally accompa)niied retro-displace- ment, namely, sterility; when in consequence of the cur- rature tlhe w woman (lid not conceive, tlhe rep)lacement had in his lhands been attended by the most beneficial results.-Dr. MounI MADDEN said the importance of flexions in relation to
Transforming growth factor- induces collagen synthesis without inducing IL-8 production in mesothelial cells
Authors: Y.C.G. Lee, K.B. Lane, O. Zoia, P.J. Thompson, R.W. Light, T.S. Blackwell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Conventional pleurodesing agents often provoke acute pleural inflammation followed by fibrosis. The inflammation frequently causes pain and fever. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β is a pro-fibrotic but anti-inflammatory cytokine. Intrapleural TGF‐β<sub>2</sub> administration produces effective pleurodesis in animals, but its effects on mesothelial cells are unknown. The authors hypothesised that, unlike conventional pleurodesing agents, TGF‐β<sub>2</sub> can induce collagen synthesis without stimulating pleural inflammation. In the <i>in vitro</i> studies, TGF‐β<sub>2</sub>, talc and doxycycline were administered to rabbit mesothelial cells for 24 h. These agents were also injected intrapleurally in rabbits and the induced pleural fluids collected at 24 h. TGF‐β<sub>2</sub> was as potent as talc and doxycycline in upregulating mesothelial cell collagen expression. Talc and doxycycline both induced significant increases in interleukin (IL)‐8 production from mesothelial cells <i>in vitro</i> and in rabbit pleural fluids <i>in vivo</i>. TGF‐β<sub>2</sub>, however, did not stimulate mesothelial cell IL‐8 release <i>in vitro</i> and induced a dose-dependent suppression of pleural fluid IL‐8. Pleural fluid IL‐8 levels correlated significantly with leukocyte and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations in the fluids. In summary, transforming growth factor‐β was a potent inducer of mesothelial cell collagen synthesis. Unlike talc and tetracycline, which provoked pleural inflammation, transforming growth factor‐β<sub>2</sub> suppressed pleural inflammation <i>in vivo</i>. Transforming growth factor‐β<sub>2</sub> can produce effective pleural fibrosis without necessitating acute pleural inflammation.
History in the Medical Curriculum
Authors: Samuel E. D. Shortt
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Since the 18th century, the inclusion of the history of medicine in the medical curriculum has enjoyed various justifications. Recent demands for a return to basic sciences suggest that history must be assessed in terms of its clinical rather than social relevance. This article, echoing Osier, argues that a knowledge of medical history will directly and uniquely enhance clinical competence.  ( JAMA 1982;248:79-81)
Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study
Authors: Louise Arseneault, Mary Cannon, Richie Poulton, Robin Murray, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie E Moffitt
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A mycoplasma-encoded purine nucleoside phosphorylase (designated PNP<sub>Hyor</sub>) has been cloned and characterized for the first time. Efficient phosphorolysis of natural 6-oxopurine and 6-aminopurine nucleosides was observed, with adenosine the preferred natural substrate (<i>K</i><sub>m</sub> = 61 <i>µ</i>M). Several cytostatic purine nucleoside analogs proved to be susceptible to PNP<sub>Hyor</sub>-mediated phosphorolysis, and a markedly decreased or increased cytostatic activity was observed in <i>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</i>–infected human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell cultures (MCF-7.Hyor), depending on the properties of the released purine base. We demonstrated an ∼10-fold loss of cytostatic activity of cladribine in MCF-7.Hyor cells and observed a rapid and complete phosphorolysis of this drug when it was exposed to the supernatant of mycoplasma-infected cells. This conversion (inactivation) could be prevented by a specific PNP inhibitor. These findings correlated well with the high efficiency of PNP<sub>Hyor</sub>-catalyzed phosphorolysis of cladribine to its less toxic base 2-chloroadenine (<i>K</i><sub>m</sub> = 80 <i>µ</i>M). In contrast, the cytostatic activity of nucleoside analogs carrying a highly toxic purine base and being a substrate for PNP<sub>Hyor</sub>, but not human PNP, was substantially increased in MCF-7.Hyor cells (∼130-fold for fludarabine and ∼45-fold for 6-methylpurine-2′-deoxyriboside). Elimination of the mycoplasma from the tumor cell cultures or selective inhibition of PNP<sub>Hyor</sub> by a PNP inhibitor restored the cytostatic activity of the purine-based nucleoside drugs. Since several studies suggest a high and preferential colonization or association of tumor tissue in cancer patients with different prokaryotes (including mycoplasmas), the data presented here may be of relevance for the optimization of purine nucleoside–based anticancer drug treatment.
Influx of fake drugs to Nigeria worries health experts
Authors: A. Raufu
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The application of Cas9 for genetic and epigenetic therapies in humans raises concerns over immunogenicity of this foreign protein. We report pre-existing human CD8+ T cell immunity to <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Cas9 in the majority of healthy individuals screened. In a proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate that Cas9 protein can be modified to eliminate immunodominant epitopes through targeted mutation while preserving its function and specificity.