tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US justice department sues company for off-label promotion of antidepressants for children
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Anthropogenic activities and natural processes release dichloromethane (DCM), a toxic chemical with substantial ozone-depleting capacity. Specialized anaerobic bacteria metabolize DCM; however, the genetic basis for this process has remained elusive. Comparative genomics of the three known anaerobic DCM-degrading bacterial species revealed a homologous gene cluster, designated the methylene chloride catabolism (<i>mec</i>) gene cassette, comprising eight to ten genes with predicted 79.6 – 99.7% amino acid identity. Functional annotation identified genes encoding a corrinoid-dependent methyltransferase system, and shotgun proteomics applied to two DCM-catabolizing cultures revealed high expression of proteins encoded on the <i>mec</i> gene cluster during anaerobic growth with DCM. In a DCM-contaminated groundwater plume, the abundance of <i>mec</i> genes strongly correlated with DCM concentrations (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.71 – 0.85) indicating their value as process-specific bioremediation biomarkers. <i>mec</i> gene clusters were identified in metagenomes representing peat bogs, the deep subsurface, and marine ecosystems including oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), suggesting DCM turnover in diverse habitats. The broad distribution of anaerobic DCM catabolic potential suggests a relevant control function for emissions to the atmosphere, and a role for DCM as a microbial energy source in critical zone environments. The findings imply that the global DCM flux might be far greater than emission measurements suggest. <h3>Importance</h3> Dichloromethane (DCM) is an increasing threat to stratospheric ozone with both anthropogenic and natural emission sources. Anaerobic bacterial metabolism of DCM has not yet been taken into consideration as a factor in the global DCM cycle. The discovery of the <i>mec</i> gene cassette associated with anaerobic bacterial DCM metabolism and its widespread distribution in environmental systems highlight a strong attenuation potential for DCM. Knowledge of the <i>mec</i> cassette offers new opportunities to delineate DCM sources, enables more robust estimates of DCM fluxes, supports refined DCM emission modeling and simulation of the stratospheric ozone layer, reveals a novel, ubiquitous C<sub>1</sub> carbon metabolic system, and provides prognostic and diagnostic tools supporting bioremediation of groundwater aquifers impacted by DCM.
Radiotherapy for Stages IIA/B Testicular Seminoma: Final Report of a Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Johannes Classen, Heinz Schmidberger, Christoph Meisner, Rainer Souchon, Marie-Luise Sautter-Bihl, Rolf Sauer, Stefan Weinknecht, Kai-U. Köhrmann, Michael Bamberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

A prospective multicenter trial was initiated to evaluate the role of modern radiotherapy with reduced treatment portals for stage IIA and IIB testicular seminoma.Patients with stages IIA/B disease (Royal Marsden classification) were assessable for the trial. Staging comprised computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis as well as analysis of tumor markers alpha-fetoprotein and beta human chorionic gonadotropin. Linac-based radiotherapy was delivered to para-aortic and high ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes. The total doses were 30 Gy for stage IIA and 36 Gy for stage IIB disease.Between April 1991 and March 1994, 94 patients were enrolled for the trial by 30 participating centers throughout Germany. Seven patients were lost to follow-up. Median time to follow-up of 87 assessable patients was 70 months. There were 66 stage IIA and 21 stage IIB patients. One mediastinal and one field-edge relapse were observed in the stage IIA group. In the stage IIB group, there was one mediastinal and one mediastinal/pulmonary relapse. All patients were treated with a salvage regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy. Actuarial relapse-free survival at 6 years was 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 88.9% to 100%) and 88.9% (95% CI, 74.4% to 100%) for stage IIA and IIB groups, respectively. Maximum acute side effects were 8% grade 3 nausea for stage IIA and 10% grade 3 nausea and diarrhea for stage IIB groups. No late toxicity was observed.Radiotherapy for stages IIA/B seminoma with reduced portals yields excellent tumor control at a low rate of acute toxicity and no late toxicity, which supports the role of radiotherapy as the first treatment choice for these patients.
The Accuracy of Frozen Section Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules: Evaluation of Inflation Method during Intraoperative Pathology Consultation with Cryosection
Authors: Xianhua Xu, Jin-Haeng Chung, Sanghoon Jheon, Sook Whan Sung, Choon-Taek Lee, Jae Ho Lee, Gheeyoung Choe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Why are the Japanese living longer?
Authors: T Sakuta
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the 12 000 dives surveved by us included episodes of rapid or uncontrolled ascent.For what it is worth, we have anecdotal reports of six divTing incidents relating to asthmatic divers-four in which there were rapid ascents and two in which divers developed bronchospasm underwater.In all of these cases the divers concerned surfaced safely.As medical examiners who dive we make it our business to discuss with our clients the examination, the implications of any abnormal findings, and any possible theoretical risks.We believe that this approach is adequate for medicolegal purposes.It would seem reasonable to advise people with well controlled asthma who wish to dive that they mav do so as long as they understand the theoretical risks.The real risk, if in practice there is one, would seem slight according to currently available data.Therefore the British Sub-Aqua Club's current recommendations seem adequate.
Review: Etomidate increased mortality and adrenal insufficiency in adults with sepsis
Authors: Ronald G. Pearl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Therapeutics19 February 2013Review: Etomidate increased mortality and adrenal insufficiency in adults with sepsisRonald G. Pearl, MDRonald G. Pearl, MDStanford University, Stanford, California, USA (R.G.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-4-201302190-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChan CM, Mitchell AL, Shorr AF. Etomidate is associated with mortality and adrenal insufficiency in sepsis: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2945-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22971586Clinical Impact RatingsInfectious Disease: Critical Care: References1 Albert SG, Ariyan S, Rather A. The effect of etomidate on adrenal function in critical illness: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37:901-10. [PMID: 21373823] Google Scholar2 Cherfan AJ, Tamim HM, AlJumah A, et al. Etomidate and mortality in cirrhotic patients with septic shock. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2011;11:22. [PMID: 22208901] Google Scholar3 Cuthbertson BH, Sprung CL, Annane D, et al. The effects of etomidate on adrenal responsiveness and mortality in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:1868-76. [PMID: 19652948] Google Scholar4 Cotten JF, Husain SS, Forman SA, et al. Methoxycarbonyl-etomidate: a novel rapidly metabolized and ultra-short-acting etomidate analogue that does not produce prolonged adrenocortical suppression. Anesthesiology. 2009;111:240-9. [PMID: 19625798] Google Scholar5 Jabre P, Combes X, Lapostolle F, et al; KETASED Collaborative Study Group. Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374:293-300. [PMID: 19573904] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (R.G.P.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 February 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEtomidate and Etomidate Analogues: Molecular Pharmacology and Behavioral ActionsPopulation pharmacokinetics of etomidate in neonates and infants with congenital heart diseaseIntraoperative target-controlled infusion anesthesia application using remifentanil hydrochloride with etomidate in patients with severe burn as monitored using NarcotrendPros and cons of etomidate – more discussion than evidence? 19 February 2013Volume 158, Issue 4Page: JC2-10KeywordsCohort studiesCortisolIntubationRetrospective studiesSedationSedativesSepsisSystematic reviews ePublished: 19 February 2013 Issue Published: 19 February 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Triple rendezvous using percutaneous, endoscopic, and real-time CT to safely reanastomose bile duct transection following liver resection
Authors: John Wong, Jeremy Durack, Michael D’Angelica, David Tahour, Yuman Fong, Mark Schattner
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 54-year-old woman underwent right trisegmentectomy for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. One month postoperatively, she developed jaundice. Computed tomography (CT) showed a 16-cm surgical bed fluid collection, drained percutaneously, and intrahepatic ductal dilation. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) demonstrated complete obstruction of the common hepatic duct (CHD). This could not be crossed, and an 8.5-Fr Dawson–Mueller external biliary catheter (Cook Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA) was placed, relieving the jaundice. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) demonstrated a 1-cm CHD gap, which could not be traversed by a 0.018-in., 0.021-in., 0.025-in., or 0.035-in. straight-tip Jagwire (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) ([Fig. 1]). On review, it was noted that the patient's total bilirubin had started rising after her initial trisegmentectomy. Therefore, a complete bile duct transection had most likely occurred intraoperatively. Hepaticojejunostomy was attempted, but was aborted intraoperatively because of the presence of tumor at the intended segment 3 bypass.
Plasminogen Kringle 5 Induces Apoptosis of Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells: Sensitization by Radiation and Requirement for GRP78 and LRP1
Authors: Braden C. McFarland, Jerry Stewart, Amal Hamza, Robert Nordal, Donald J. Davidson, Jack Henkin, Candece L. Gladson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Recombinant plasminogen kringle 5 (rK5) has been shown to induce apoptosis of dermal microvessel endothelial cells (MvEC) in a manner that requires glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). As we are interested in antiangiogenic therapy for glioblastoma tumors, and the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy can be enhanced when combined with radiation, we investigated the proapoptotic effects of rK5 combined with radiation on brain MvEC. We found that rK5 treatment of brain MvEC induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that prior irradiation significantly sensitized (500-fold) the cells to rK5-induced apoptosis. The rK5-induced apoptosis of both unirradiated and irradiated MvEC required expression of GRP78 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a scavenger receptor, based on down-regulation studies with small interfering RNA, and blocking studies with either a GRP78 antibody or a competitive inhibitor of ligand binding to LRP1. Furthermore, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was found to be a necessary downstream effector for rK5-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that irradiation sensitizes brain MvEC to the rK5-induced apoptosis and that this signal requires LRP1 internalization of GRP78 and the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our findings suggest that prior irradiation would have a dose-sparing effect on rK5 antiangiogenic therapy for brain tumors and further suggest that the effects of rK5 would be tumor specific, as the expression of GRP78 protein is up-regulated on the brain MvEC in glioblastoma tumor biopsies compared with the normal brain.
Psychiatric Eclecticism: a cognitive view
Authors: J Yager
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

Pluralism is necessary in psychiatry to compensate for the errors and biases characteristic of the equipment we use to appraise clinical "reality"--our own perceptual-cognitive apparatus. Our attention to clinical situations is skewed: we notice "data" consistent with past assumptions and formulations, and consequently, those views are reinforced by our perceptions. The eclectic posture involves approaching each clinical situation from multiple theoretical perspectives and settling on a perspective that most closely agrees with the patient's needs and wishes without sacrificing the best information available to the psychiatrist. Such eclecticism defines the psychiatrist's role as that of a broad-based scholar who can apply what he knows to the clinical situation. The author discusses the implications for clinical practice and psychiatric education.
Relationship of in vitro survival and eosinophil derived neurotoxin (EDN) degranulation in blood and airway eosinophils (EOS) following segmental bronchoprovocation with allergen (SBP-AG)*1
Authors: J.B. Sedgwick, K. Bartemes, H. Kita, W.W. Busse
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Impact of early dose intensity on cytogenetic and molecular responses in chronic- phase CML patients receiving 600 mg/day of imatinib as initial therapy
Authors: Timothy P. Hughes, Susan Branford, Deborah L. White, John Reynolds, Rachel Koelmeyer, John F. Seymour, Kerry Taylor, Chris Arthur, Anthony Schwarer, James Morton, Julian Cooney, Michael F. Leahy, Philip Rowlings, John Catalano, Mark Hertzberg, Robin Filshie, Anthony K. Mills, Keith Fay, Simon Durrant, Henry Januszewicz, David Joske, Craig Underhill, Scott Dunkley, Kevin Lynch, Andrew Grigg
Journal: Blood (2008)
Finland Pioneers International Suicide Prevention
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Current Clinical Issues18 May 2004Finland Pioneers International Suicide PreventionJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-10-200405180-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Many of Finland's suicide researchers work in a modular glass and concrete building just outside the center of Helsinki. It houses the National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health. The new building has created some controversy among the staff not only because it is painted the color of bright-green grass but also because a look down from the top floor of the 8-story building reveals a dizzying spiral of stairs leading all the way to the ground floor. “How could they build a place like this for suicide researchers to work? Nothing bad has happened yet, but I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.E-mail:[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe demographic development of the Finno-Ugric peoples in the modern worldMortality in schizophrenia: 30-year nationwide follow-up studySuicide prevention in Arctic Indigenous communitiesTemperature-associated suicide mortality: contrasting roles of climatic warming and the suicide prevention program in FinlandThe Agenda Development Process of the United States’ National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention Research Prioritization Task ForceSuicide in Asia: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and PreventionRelationship between antidepressant sales and secular trends in suicide rates in the Nordic countriesSuicide Prevention and Developing Countries 18 May 2004Volume 140, Issue 10Page: 853-856KeywordsAlcoholismAlcoholsAntidepressantsDrugsEmotionsFood and Drug AdministrationMedical risk factorsPsychiatry and mental healthPsychologySuicide ePublished: 18 May 2004 Issue Published: 18 May 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
1 Randomized controlled trial of short bursts of a potent topical corticosteroid versus more prolonged use of a mild preparation for children with atopic eczema
Authors: K. Thomas, H. Williams, S. Armstrong, C. O'Neill, T. Avery, A.Li Wan Po, J. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Aims This study aimed to determine whether a 3‐day burst of a potent steroid is more effective than a weak preparation used for 7 days in treating disease exacerbations and in maintaining remissions in children with atopic eczema. Methods A randomized, double‐blind, parallel group study of 18 weeks' duration. 174 patients with mild or moderate atopic eczema were recruitment from 13 general practices in the Nottingham area. Two primary outcomes were evaluated: (i) the total number of scratch‐free days and (ii) the number of disease relapses. Secondary outcomes included the median duration of the 1st disease relapse; the number of nights when sleep was not disturbed; disease severity (SASSAD), two quality‐of‐life measures (CLQI and DFI) and the number of treatment ‘failures’ in each arm. Skin thickness was measured using B‐mode ultrasound. Results We found no differences between the two groups for any of the outcome measures used. The median number of scratch free days was 118.0 for the hydrocortisone group and 117.5 for the betamethasone valerate group (95% CI median difference −2–4, P = 0.53). The median number of relapses for both groups was 1. Both groups showed clinically significant improvements in disease severity and quality‐of‐life compared to baseline. No significant changes in skin thickness were observed. Conclusions For children with mild or moderate atopic eczema in the community, both 1% hydrocortisone used for 7 days, or betamethasone valerate 0.1% used for 3 days, are effective in controlling disease symptoms.
Short to study Griffiths
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The decision by parliament's Social Services Committee, which was reappointed just before Christmas-late in the session because of wrangles with the minority opposition parties over the membership of some of the other specialist committees-to conduct a brief inquiry into the proposals contained in the Griffiths report on NHS management will give the medical profession another platform from which to voice its doubts.The all party committee's chairman will once again be Mrs Renee Short, Labour MP for Wolverhampton North East, and the first witnesses to be heard will come from the BMA and the Royal College of Nursing.The likelihood is that Mr Kenneth Clarke, the health minister, will appear for the government.
2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Update on the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (Updating the 2006 Guideline)
Authors: L. Samuel Wann, Anne B. Curtis, Craig T. January, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, James E. Lowe, N.A. Mark Estes, Richard L. Page, Michael D. Ezekowitz, David J. Slotwiner, Warren M. Jackman, William G. Stevenson, Cynthia M. Tracy
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Late onset hepatic failure: Clinical, serological and histological features
Authors: Alexander E.S. Gimson, John O'Grady, Roland J. Ede, Bernard Portmann, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The clinical, laboratory and histological features of 47 patients with what is defined as late onset hepatic failure are reviewed. Twenty–five of the patients werefemale and 22 male with a median age of 45 years. Hepatic dysfunction was severe as evidenced by the prolongation of prothrombin time (median = 32 sec, range = 17 to 120 sec). In only four cases was a viral etiology proven (2 hepatitis B, 2 hepatitis A) although the similarity of the clinical features to patients with fulminant viral hepatitis—apart from the longer period of illness prior to the onset of encephalopathy (median = 9 weeks, range = 8 to 24 weeks)—made non–A, non–B infection a possibility in the remainder. There were also similarities to chronic active hepatitis with low titer antibodies to smooth muscle or antinuclear factor in 17% and elevation of the serum IgG in 49%. Liver biopsy in 5 of 8survivors more than 1 year after initial presentation showed chronic active hepatitis in three. Lobular inflammatory infiltrate, bridging necrosis and multilobular collapse were the features of the acute stage of illness in both the survivors and fatal cases. The patients given corticosteroids did not have a statistically significant improvement in survival, and overall mortality for the series was 81%. Hepatic transplantation, successfully performed in one patient, would appear to offer the best chance of survival for the majority of these patients.
The bushwhacker pathologist of Walla Walla. An interview with Frederic Davis
Authors: F. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1984)

I have always referred to myself as a bushwhacker pathologist. Actually, the euphemism is a peripatetic pathologist—one whose pathology services are shared by several small communities because none of the hospitals has enough volume to keep one pathologist busy and interested. In this situation, a pathologist or group of pathologists forms an organization to serve several hospitals. Usually, the largest hospital is in the most populous area that, although unable to support a pathologist by itself, is the base of operations for the group. When I finished my residency, the only job I was offered at the University of Oregon was directing the crime detection laboratory for the Oregon State Police. It paid $400 a month. They couldn't pay more than that because the superintendent made only $5,000 a year. I therefore decided to take my chances elsewhere. When I was 19 years old, I had worked in a sawmill
Hepatoma cell-specific expression of a retrovirally transferred gene is achieved by α-fetoprotein but not insulinlike growth factor II regulatory sequences
Authors: Patrick Arbuthnot, Marie-Pierre Bralet, Helene Thomassin, Jean-Louis Danan, Christian Bréchot, Nicolas Ferry
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To target gene expression to malignant hepatic cells, we have constructed recombinant retroviral vectors containing a reporter gene encoding nuclear beta-galactosidase (nls-LacZ) under transcriptional control of regulatory sequences from the rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or human insulinlike growth factor II (IGFII) genes. The AFP and IGFII P3 promoters activate transcription during fetal development and are often reactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Infection of several cultured cell types with the retroviral vector containing the IGFII P3 sequence resulted in expression of the reporter gene in all cell lines tested, including those that do not produce IGFII. In contrast, selective expression was achieved by vectors containing the AFP transcriptional regulatory sequence. Nuclear beta-galactosidase activity was detectable in cells from lines that produce AFP, and not in cells that do not express the AFP gene. In most infected cell lines, retroviral RNA synthesis from the 5' LTR was inhibited, and deletion of the retroviral LTR enhancer did not change expression from either the IGFII P3-nls-LacZ or the AFP-nls-LacZ cassettes. After treatment of cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and epidermal growth factor (EGF), the decrease in concentrations of endogenous AFP messenger RNA (mRNA) and nls-LacZ mRNA transcribed from the transferred AFP regulatory sequence were similar. In the context of an integrated provirus, the AFP transcriptional regulatory sequence is therefore subject to similar regulatory control as that of the endogenous gene. These data show that the AFP sequence, and not the IGFII P3 promoter we used, is suitable for targeting gene expression to malignant hepatic cells.