tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diving and Subaquatic Medicine
Authors: Richard Moon
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This is the third edition of what is now a classic textbook of diving and undersea medicine. The reader who wishes to find something about almost any aspect of diving will be rewarded by delving into this extremely readable text. The new edition incorporates new discussions of stress responses, panic and fatigue, the female diver, and undersea environments (water movement, kelp, cave and wreck diving, ice diving, night diving, altitude diving, and fresh water). The chapter "Why Divers Die: The Facts and Figures," a discussion and interpretation of recreational diving fatality statistics from three countries, breaks new ground. Causes of death include medical, training, and judgment factors. The list of medical factors in death includes pulmonary barotrauma, cardiac conditions, asthma, and vomiting. Poor diving practice also appears to be a major contributor, as over half of the divers who died are either low on air or out of air. Failure
The Enigma of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Louis J. Muglia, Michael Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The world's preterm birth rate continues to increase. In 2006, preterm births accounted for 12.8% of live births in the United States. Only about half the cases of prematurity result from identifiable causes. This review discusses the challenge of understanding the causes of premature birth and finding ways to prevent it.
Adenovirus-mediated transfer of a gene encoding human apolipoprotein A-I into normal mice increases circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Authors: W P Kopfler, M Willard, T Betz, J E Willard, R D Gerard, R S Meidell
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND In animal models of atherosclerosis, augmentation of circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol exerts a protective effect against development of fatty streaks and promotes plaque regression. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the potential of gene transfer to increase HDL cholesterol, a fusion gene encoding human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter was packaged into a recombinant adenovirus (AdCMV apo A-I). BALB/c mice infected with AdCMV apo A-I by intravenous injection accumulate immunoreactive apo A-I in serum; levels 5 days after infection averaged 168 mg/dL. A 35% increase in HDL cholesterol and a 47% increase in total cholesterol were observed in mice infected with AdCMV apo A-I compared with control viruses. Analysis of size-fractionated lipoproteins revealed that human apo A-I is incorporated into murine HDL particles. Expression of human apo A-I declined to &lt; 10% of maximum after 12 days and mRNA encoding apo A-I, prevalent 5 days after infection, was undetectable in the livers of infected mice after 12 days. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that adenovirus-mediated transfer of a gene encoding apo A-I produces transient elevations of circulating HDL cholesterol of a magnitude correlated with important physiological effects. These observations suggest the potential for gene-based therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk.
SKIN DISEASES AMONG FULL-BLOOD INDIANS OF OKLAHOMA
Authors: EVERETT S. LAIN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

was admitted to the wards of the Babies' Hospital where it was kept under treatment for three weeks.While In the hospital wards, the baby was placed on a barley-water mixt- ure, and the tablets were discontinued.When discharged from the hospital, the patient was having loose, green, stools.The mother had a few búlgara tablets in her home which were left over from the July clinic.Of her own accord, she gave these tablets to the baby, and the stools became yellow within two days.The weight now (September 4) was 8 pounds, 9 ounces.In other words, during the infant's stay in the hospital words where its diet had been changed to a barley- water mixture, and where the tablets had been discontinued, the weight had fallen below that which it had been when the implantation treatment was first instituted in the out- patient department.On this first day of the infant's return to the clinic, it was placed on a diet of modified milk with cane Btigar, and one tablet was given every three hours.September G : There were two, soft, yellow stools.Tho weight had increased to 8 pounds, 11 ounces-a gain of 2 ounces in two days.Treatment was continued.September 13: The stools were normal, and the weight had increased to 9 pounds, 3 ounces.October 4: The baby liad made steady improvement and gain in weight had continued.The stools were normal, and the weight was now 10 pounds. CONCLUSIONSThe most impressive facts, which stand out boldly as the result of this method of treatment, are :1.The gain in weight, in spile of the number of stools.2. The rapid change in color of the stools to yellow..">.The rapid subsidence of fever.4. Absence of mucus and blood from tho stools at the end of forty-eight hours.5. The fact that the hygienic surroundings of the patients and the.degree of intelligence of the mothers had no influence on the results.(i.A starvation diet, accompanied by purgation, is productive of loss of weight and strength, and serves to prolong the course of (be disease; and further, such a procedure can no longer be advanced as a rational method of treating infantile diarrhea.7. The digestive powers in infantile intestinal con- ditions, even when associated with fever, are not so impaired as to prevent the digestion and assimilation oí a milk diet.This fact is corroborated in typhoid
The Pillars of Medicine, Or, Saved by Webster
Authors: H. B. Collier
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  In your editorial A Pillar of Medicine ( 195 :1145, 1966) I was amazed to find the phrase manuscripts which...  laws of physiology. I had thought that to flaunt and to flout had opposite meanings. I was even more astounded to find in the latest Webster's Third International that flout is given as a synonym of flaunt.  This is indeed the world of Alice in Wonderland in which we live, when words can be made to have any meaning that we choose to give them. Do you, Sirs, condemn or condone this tendency?  This called to mind the obituary notice of the Canadian physician W. S. Stansbury that appeared in Vox Sanguinis a few years ago, But above all he was loyal to the causes he eschewed....
The Rhesus and MN Blood Groups and Disease
Authors: Joseph A. Buckwalter
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The possibility of an association of certain disorders with the Rhesus and MN blood groups was investigated in 1,030 duodenal ulcer, 348 gastric ulcer, 170 gastric carcinoma, 540 rheumatic fever, and 1,153 diabetes mellitus patients. This was done by comparing the blood-group frequencies observed in these patients with those observed in 2,186 controls; the differences were examined for statistical significance by appropriate statistical methods. It was found that the liability to duodenal and gastric ulceration was statistically increased in persons of the presumptive Rhesus genotype R 1 R 2 . There was evidence, of less statistical significance, of an association of the Rhesus blood groups with gastric carcinoma and rheumatic fever. A statistically significant increased liability of persons of NN genotype to rheumatic fever was found.
Abstract 4348: Antitumor activity of Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is due to inhibition of tubulin polymerization in addition to c-Met inhibition.
Authors: Ryohei Katayama, Aki Aoyama, Takao Yamori, Jie Qi, Tomoko Ohara, Youngchul Song, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Naoya Fujita
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is the high-affinity receptor for the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The HGF/c-Met axis is often dysregulated in tumors. Such c-Met activation is caused by MET gene amplification, activating mutations, and auto- or paracrine mechanisms. Thus, c-Met inhibitors are under development as anti-cancer drugs. Tivantinib (ARQ 197) was reported as a small molecule Met inhibitor and early clinical studies suggest anti-tumor activity. To assess if the anti-tumor activity of tivantinib was due to inhibition of c-Met, we investigated the activity of tivantinib in both c-Met addicted and non-addicted cancer cells for cell viability. As expected, we observed that other Met inhibitors, crizotinib and PHA-665752, suppressed the growth of c-Met addicted cancers, but not the growth of c-Met non-addicted cells. In contrast, tivantinib inhibited cell viability similarly in both c-Met addicted and non-addicted cells. These results suggest that tivantinib exhibits its antitumor activity in a c-Met status independent manner. Tivantinib treatment increased the number of G2/M phase arrested EBC1 cells similarly as vincristine treatment, whereas PHA-665752 or crizotinib treatment markedly induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. To identify the additional molecular target of tivantinib, we performed COMPARE analysis, in silico screening using extensive drug sensitivity database of 39 cancer cell lines (JFCR39), and identified microtubule as a target of tivantinib. Tivantinib treated cells demonstrated typical microtubule disruption similar to vincristine. In vitro microtubule polymerization assay clearly demonstrated that tivantinib inhibited microtubule assembly. From these results, tivantinib inhibits microtubule polymerization in addition to inhibiting c-MET. Citation Format: Ryohei Katayama, Aki Aoyama, Takao Yamori, Jie Qi, Tomoko Ohara, Youngchul Song, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Naoya Fujita. Antitumor activity of Tivantinib (ARQ 197) is due to inhibition of tubulin polymerization in addition to c-Met inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4348
Congenital dislocation of the hip.
Authors: N Fredensborg
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The results of early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) in Malmo were investigated. In 60,000 live births, 4 cases were missed in the newborn. Clinical and radiological re-examination including anthropometrical measurements at the average age of 10.3 proved that all treated hips were normal.
John James Callender Cormack
Authors: I. M M Macmillan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

after a series of strokes.After 10 years with a general practice in Coventry, he left to establish a singlehanded practice in his home.No boundary existed between his work and his after-work activities.Today he would have been considered a workaholic, but he was simply at his most relaxed when with or on call for his patients.His favourite holiday was walking, particularly in the Lake District.His daily exercise was to gather and to saw logs for his fire.There was little he did not know about logs, their expert dissection, and the qualities they would demonstrate when they burned.He leaves a wife, Hildegard; four children; and seven grandchildren.[
P488Lack of association of galectin-3 with myocardial fibrosis in patients with chronic stable heart failure of hypertensive origin
Authors: B Lopez Salazar, A Gonzalez Miqueo, R Querejeta Iraola, M Larman Tellechea, J Diez Martinez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: It has been proposed that galectin-3 (Gal-3) may be a pathogenic factor and a biomarker of myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to analyze whether Gal-3 is associated with myocardial fibrosis in patients with chronic stable HF.

Methods: Endomyocardial biopsies and blood samples from non-diabetic, hypertensive patients without ischemic heart disease and with HF (n=39), and necropsies and blood samples from 7 and 20 control subjects, respectively, were studied. Left ventricular (LV) morphology and function were assessed by echocardiography. The area of the myocardium occupied by total collagen (CVF) was assessed by image analysis in Picrosirius Red-stained sections. Collagen type I and III CVFs were analyzed in sections immunostained for collagen type I or III. Gal-3 and collagen type I and III mRNA and protein expression were quantified by real time RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Plasma Gal-3 and amino-terminal propeptide of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were determined by ELISA. Plasma aldosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results: Myocardial Gal-3 protein (P<0.005) and mRNA (P<0.05) were increased in patients compared to controls. Similarly, total CVF, collagen type I and III CVFs, as well as collagen type I and III protein levels, were increased (all P<0.001) in patients compared to control subjects. Myocardial Gal-3 protein was not correlated with neither total CVF, nor with collagen type I and III CVFs, mRNA and protein in patients. Plasma Gal-3 was increased (P<0.001) in patients compared to controls. Although plasma Gal-3 was correlated with myocardial Gal-3 (r=0.455, P<0.05) in patients, its concentration was not higher in blood from the coronary sinus than in blood from a peripheral vein. Plasma Gal-3 was not correlated with neither total CVF, nor with collagen type I and III CVFs, mRNA and protein in patients. Additionally, no associations were found between myocardial or plasma Gal-3 and parameters assessing LV morphology and function in patients. Interestingly, plasma Gal-3 was directly associated with plasma aldosterone (r=0.286, P<0.05).

Conclusions: These findings show that although an excess of cardiac and systemic Gal-3 is present in patients with HF of hypertensive origin, this molecule is not associated with myocardial fibrosis in these patients. Further studies are necessary to unveil the pathophysiological role of an excess of Gal-3 in these patients.
Diagnostic dilatation and curettage.
Authors: J Foulkes
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Analysis of obstetric outcome at Coombe Lying-In Hospitalfor 1992.Figures are numbers (percentages) of women Primiparous Multiparous All women women women (n=2457) (n=4029) (n=6486) Prolonged labour 244 (9 9) 83 (2 1) 327 (5 0) Epidural analgesia 1710 (69-6) 1237 (30-7) 2947 (454) Episiotomy 1077 (43 8) 420 (10-4) 1497 (23-1) Forceps delivery
Acetylsalicylic Acid Reduces Vegetation Bacterial Density, Hematogenous Bacterial Dissemination, and Frequency of Embolic Events in Experimental <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Endocarditis Through Antiplatelet and Antibacterial Effects
Authors: Leon Iri Kupferwasser, Michael R. Yeaman, Shelley M. Shapiro, Cynthia C. Nast, Paul M. Sullam, Scott G. Filler, Arnold S. Bayer
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Platelets are integral to cardiac vegetations that evolve in infectious endocarditis. It has been postulated that the antiplatelet aggregation effect of aspirin (ASA) might diminish vegetation evolution and embolic rates. Methods and Results —Rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis were given either no ASA (controls) or ASA at 4, 8, or 12 mg · kg −1 · d −1 IV for 3 days beginning 1 day after infection. Vegetation weights and serial echocardiographic vegetation size, vegetation and kidney bacterial densities, and extent of renal embolization were evaluated. In addition, the effect of ASA on early S aureus adherence to sterile vegetations was assessed. In vitro, bacterial adherence to platelets, fibrin matrices, or fibrin-platelet matrices was quantified with either platelets exposed to ASA or S aureus preexposed to salicylic acid (SAL). ASA at 8 mg · kg −1 · d −1 (but not at 4 or 12 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) was associated with substantial decreases in vegetation weight ( P &lt;0.05), echocardiographic vegetation growth ( P &lt;0.001), vegetation ( P &lt;0.05) and renal bacterial densities and renal embolic lesions ( P &lt;0.05) versus controls. Diminished aggregation resulted when platelets were preexposed to ASA or when S aureus was preexposed to SAL ( P &lt;0.05). S aureus adherence to sterile vegetations ( P &lt;0.05) or to platelets in suspension ( P &lt;0.05), fibrin matrices ( P &lt;0.05), or fibrin-platelet matrices ( P &lt;0.05) was significantly reduced when bacteria were preexposed to SAL. Conclusions —ASA reduces several principal indicators of severity and metastatic events in experimental S aureus endocarditis. These benefits involve ASA effects on both the platelet and the microbe.
Efficacy of sublingual swallow immunotherapy in children with severe grass pollen allergic symptoms: a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study
Authors: A. Bufe, E. Ziegler‐Kirbach, E. Stoeckmann, P. Heidemann, K. Gehlhar, T. Holland‐Letz, W. Braun
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Local application of allergen extracts in specific immunotherapy is accompanied by increased compliance and significantly reduced side effects. However, efficacy of local immunotherapy in children has yet not been sufficiently demonstrated. This study was performed to determine clinical efficacy of high dose sublingual swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) by a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study in children with grass pollen allergy using high dose allergen extracts. Methods: A total of 161 children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis of which, 68 had also asthma symptoms were enrolled in a multicenter double‐blind placebo‐controlled study for 1 year and treated on a daily basis with sublingually applied allergen drops. After 1 year all children were given treatment for another 2 years in an open‐controlled setting. Symptom scores and medication were assessed during the pollen seasons with structured interviews. Applied allergen dosage, compliance, and side effects were documented by daily diary cards. Primary endpoint was a clinical index (CI) combining symptom scores with medication index. Titrated skin prick tests (SPT) and specific antibody measurements were performed each year. Results: Combining symptom with medication scores to CI was highly reliable (reliability coefficient = 0.89, standard error = 9.6%). Allergen‐specific IgE‐ and IgG‐subclass antibodies increased significantly in patients treated with SLIT indicating an activation of the immune response induced by the locally applied grass pollen extract. SPT reactivity did not change during therapy. After 1 year of SLIT in the original design we observed no significant difference in the CI between treatment and placebo analyzing all patients included in the study per intention to treat and per protocol. However, subgroup analysis in a repeated measures model revealed that patients with SLIT and severe symptoms before the beginning of treatment (CI &gt; mean/ &gt; 1.51) showed a significant improvement of clinical symptoms after 3 years. Conclusion: In this study SLIT was accompanied by a significant placebo effect. Efficacy of treatment could only be seen in children with severe clinical symptoms and this became clinically marked after 3 years of therapy.
Additives in fibers and fabrics.
Authors: R H Barker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The additives and contaminants which occur in textile fibers vary widely, depending on the type of fiber and the pretreatment which it has received. Synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester contain trace amounts of contaminants such as catalysts and catalyst deactivators which remain after the synthesis of the basic polymers. In addition, there are frequently a number of materials which are added to perform specific functions in almost all man-made fibers. Examples of these would include traces of metals or metal salts used as tracers for identification of specific lots of fiber, TiO2 or similar materials added as delustrants, and a host of organic species added for such special purposes as antistatic agents or flame retardants. There may also be considerable quantities of residual monomer or small oligomers dissolved in the polymer matrix. The situation becomes even more complex after the fibers are converted into fabric form. Numerous materials are applied at various stages of fabric preparation to act as lubricants, sizing agents, antistats, bleaches, and wetting agents to facilitate the processing, but these are normally removed before the fabric reaches the cutters of the ultimate consumers and therefore usually do not constitute potential hazards. However, there are many other chemical agents which are frequently added during the later stages of fabric preparation and which are not designed to be removed. Aside from dyes and printing pigments, the most common additive for apparel fabrics is a durable press treatment. This generally involves the use of materials capable of crosslinking cellulosics by reacting through such functions as N-methylolated amides or related compounds such as ureas and carbamates. These materials pose some potential hazards due to both the nitrogenous bases and the formaldehyde which they usually release. There is usually also some residual catalyst in fabrics which have received such treatments. Other types of chemical treatments which are often applied to fabrics to achieve special effects include flame retardants, soil release agents, antistatic agents, softeners, water and/or oil repellents, ultraviolet absorbers, bacteriostats, and fungistats.
The Number of Melanocytes in Human Epidermis
Authors: G. Szabo
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A total of 744 elderly women with fractured neck of femur were classified into three groups according to anthropometric measurements on admission: group 1, well nourished; group 2, thin; group 3, very thin. Group 1 ate well and had a low mortality and a short rehabilitation time. The thinner the patients the lower their voluntary food intake, the higher their mortality and the longer their rehabilitation time. A series of 122 patients from groups 2 and 3 were entered postoperatively into a randomised controlled trial of overnight supplementary nasogastric tube feeding (4.2 MJ (1000 kcal), including 28 g protein) in addition to their normal ward diet. This treatment was associated with improvements not only in anthropometric and plasma protein measurements but also in clinical outcome, especially in the very thin group 3 patients. Rehabilitation time and hospital stay were shortened. Mortality in group 3 was less in the tube fed patients (8%) than in the controls (22%) but this difference did not reach statistical significance. One in five patients could not tolerate the nasogastric tube, but in the remainder the treatment caused no side effects and did not seriously diminish voluntary oral food intake by day.