tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in creatine phosphate, inorganic phosphate, and the purine pattern in dog hearts with time of coronary artery occlusion and effect thereon of mioflazine, a nucleoside transport inhibitor
Authors: H. V. BELLE, J. WYNANTS, R. XHONNEUX, W. FLAMENG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

A detailed analysis was made of the changes in canine myocardium, with time of occlusion, in several important metabolites such as creatine phosphate and adenosine triphosphate (luminometry), inorganic phosphate (spectrophotometry), and most of the purines and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (high performance liquid chromatography). Within 1 min there was a significant reduction in creatine phosphate and a significant increase in inorganic phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate. A decrease in adenosine triphosphate became apparent after 4 min, concomitant with a progressive rise in the nucleosides, which reached almost 50% of the total purines after 64 min of occlusion. The formation of hypoxanthine was detectable in 50% only of all animals, suggesting a lack of active nucleoside phosphorylase in the others. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, although decreasing slightly, was by far the most constant of all variables measured during at least 30 min of ischaemia. Therefore, this component is suggested to be a useful internal standard, thus minimising analytical and biological variations. Mioflazine, a potent nucleoside transport inhibitor (I50 3 X 10(-8) mol X litre-1), when given orally at 2.5 mg X kg-1, did not affect any of the changes with the exception of the nucleosides, where the drug completely inverts the adenosine to inosine ratio. The contribution of adenosine to the total nucleosides changed from 20% in the controls to 80% with treatment during at least 16 min of occlusion, there being no overlap between the groups. It is concluded therefore that adenosine is not deaminated in the cell where it is produced. It is not yet clear how this notable effect of mioflazine could be linked to its remarkable protective effect against ischaemia.
The Removal of a Fibroid from a Uterus Unicornis in a Parous Subject
Authors: A. Doran
Journal: BMJ (1899)

THE case which I am about to relate is of interest owing to its rarity, and to the fact that the half of the uterus opposite to that which bore the tumour was so well developed as to have been twice the seat of pregnancy.It illustrates also surgical considerations of importance to the operator in relation to the man4gement of the pedicle during the removal of such a tumour.F. B., aged 38, a patient of Mr. W. C. Aylward, of Tunbridge Wells, was admitted into the Samaritan Free Hospital under my care on December n2ist, I898, suffering from apainful pelvic tumour.She was fairlynourished but weak, and had never been the subject of any serious illness.She had been married for eight years.Five years ago she was delivered at term by forceps, the child is yet alive.The precise reason for the use of instru- ments could not be ascertained, but under the circumstances atony of the uterus seems very probable.The uterus, after recovery, began to prolapse, then she consulted Mr. Aylward, who applied instruments to support it.About a year ago he detected a painful swelling in the hypogastrium.Then! she once more became Pregnant, and on November 8t9h, I898, abortedat the second month for no appa- rent reason.Ever afterwards she suf- fered from much pel- vie pain, and worried because she under- stood that she had a tumour.The tem-perature ranged dur-
Stress and other environmental factors affecting fertility in men and women: overview.
Authors: A Negro-Vilar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

To understand how environmental factors contribute to fertility or infertility in humans, it is first necessary to define environment. A view that will guide this review is that environment represents the "external milieu," analogous to the well-defined concept of "internal milieu" first introduced by Claude Bernard. Within this context, the environment provides both positive and adverse influences on reproductive health and development. Environmental factors can then be classified into categories such as physical, chemical, biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic. In many circumstances, multiple environmental factors may contribute to adversely modify human health. It has been suspected and in some cases demonstrated that stress can adversely affect reproductive function. Both animal and human data support this contention; however, the human data are clear in extreme situations (e.g., inmates of concentration camps) but less so under less drastic conditions. In recent years many advances have been made concerning the neurochemical mechanisms that mediate the effects of stress on reproductive functions and on the identification of "stress hormones" that may not only be involved in the stress response but also serve as biochemical markers to identify and correlate stress with different fertility parameters. Nutrition also plays an important role in infertility, and undernutrition or nutrition disorders are associated with stress in infertility. Environmental factors are often invoked as contributing to many cases of unexplained infertility. However, the direct causal relationship between those factors and the ensuing infertility of the couple are seldom well established and remain largely anecdotal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TCTAP A-176 Comparison of 3-year Clinical Outcomes According to the Response to Acetylcholine in Patients with Angiographic Increased Basal Coronary Spastic Tone
Authors: Ji Bak Kim, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Yoonjee Park, Akkala Raghavender Goud, Hu Li, Sunki Lee, Sung Il Im, Jin Oh Na, Cheol Ung Choi, Hong Euy Lim, Jin Won Kim, Eung Ju Kim, Chang Gyu Park, Hong Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
"The Bramble Bush" The Transmissibility of Hodgkin Disease
Authors: Robert H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Back in 1959 when I was a fellow in hematology at the old, red brick county hospital in Salt Lake City, a singular incident occurred. It was one of those chilling events that linger in the cerebral backwaters for the rest of your life. Over a period of ten days, half a dozen of my patients with Hodgkin disease called me in varying states of anguish and outrage. Between tears and clenched teeth came the message: I had been lying to them! Indeed, since their disease was invariably painful and rapidly fatal , why had I held out false hope; why should they continue to take the appalling and worthless medication I had foisted on them?  After a few quiet words, things simmered down and were sorted out. They had all seen a motion picture called  Bramble Bush. I rushed out to see it. The film was one of those
Autoimmune Phenomena in Pernicious Anaemia: Gastric Antibodies
Authors: K. B. Taylor, I. M. Roitt, D. Doniach, K. G. Couchman, C. Shapland
Journal: BMJ (1962)

The presence of an inhibitor of intrinsic factor activity was demonstrated in the sera of some patients with pernicious anaemia who had never been treated with hog intrinsic factor (Taylor, 1959b; Schwartz, 1960).It was proposed that this inhibitor, which was precipitated with the serum globulin fraction, might be an autoantibody.This supported the earlier suggestions, based upon the histological appearances of the gastric mucosa, that pernicious anaemia might have an autoimmune component (Taylor, 1959a).Initial attempts to determine the nature of the serum factor by precipitation and tanned red-cell techniques were inconclusive (Taylor and Boyden, quoted by Schwartz, 1960; Abels et al., 1962).There is a known clinical association between pernicious anaemia and myxoedema (Tudhope and Wilson, 1960, 1962), a disease in which autoimmunity has been strongly implicated (Doniach and Roitt, 1957).Further, post-mortem examination of the thyroids of patients with pernicious anaemia has revealed a high incidence of thyroiditis (Bastenie, 1937; Williams and Doniach, 1962).These associations led us to study the auto-antibody pattern in pernicious anaemia with particular reference to specific gastric and thyroid auto- antibodies.In the present paper we report our studies on the nature and incidence of auto-antibodies to components of the gastric mucosa.The clinical and serological overlap of pernicious anaemia with thyroiditis will be presented in another paper (Doniach, Roitt, and Taylor, to be published). Materials and MethodsSera were obtained from 100 patients with pernicious anaemia attending the anaemia clinic of the Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford, and from 43 patients at the Middlesex Hospital.The Oxford patients were unselected, of either sex, and of ages ranging from 27 to 91 years.All had been fully investigated and a diagnosis of pernicious anaemia made on the criteria of typical peripheral blood and marrow findings, failure of gastric acid production after histamine stimulation, barium-meal examination, vitamin-B12 activity in serum, tests of absorption of labelled vitamin B,2, and gastric biopsy.In patients in whom the diagnosis was still in doubt, tests of intestinal absorption had been done to exclude disease of the small intestine.All were receiving adequate treatment with vitamin B12 by injection and none had received any treatment with heterologous intrinsic factor preparations.The Middlesex Hospital series included some patients referred for thyroid antibody tests because of overt or suspected thyroid disease; they are therefore partly selected.Control sera were obtained from subjects in apparent good health, matched for age and sex with the Oxford series.Sera were stored at -200 C. for up to two years.
Fatal cardiac failure due to myocardial microthrombi in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: J H Brown, C C Doherty, D C Allen, P Morton
Journal: BMJ (1988)

antisocial, and had intellectual difficulties.A psychotherapist she saw regularly diagnosed a narcissistic personality disorder.After four years of self bleeding she stopped for one year, and her haemoglobin concentration became 120-130 g/l.result in a cure.
Work-Related Cumulative Trauma Disorders of the Upper Extremity
Authors: David M. Rempel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Cumulative trauma disorders due to performance of repetitive tasks account for more than 50% of all occupational illnesses in the United States today. Employees affected by these disorders frequently experience substantial pain and functional impairment that may require a change in occupation. For the employer, these injuries result in loss of productivity and increased costs in the form of higher medical expenses and disability payments for injured workers. Successful treatment of work-related repetitive tissue injuries depends on early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Prevention requires identifying sites and tasks that place employees at risk of injury and supporting efforts to develop safer work environments.
Abstract 2982: Activation of checkpoint kinase Chk2 by cisplatin and its role in cisplatin resistance
Authors: Xiaobing Liang, Michael D. Mueller, Jing Jie Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract One of the mechanisms of platinum resistance in cancer chemotherapy is the activation of DNA damage checkpoint pathways. Chk2 is a multifunctional key component of the DNA replication-monitoring S/G2 checkpoint system, which mediates DNA damage signaling following genotoxic stress and leads to DNA repair or apoptosis. Developing checkpoint kinase inhibitors for better treatment of cancer has been a major target in drug discovery over the past decade. In our study, flow cytometric experiments show that cisplatin induces an initial accumulation of cells at S phase of cell cycle followed by an increase of cell fraction at G2 phase, suggesting cisplatin-induced cell cycle arrest. Treatment of cisplatin in human ovarian carcinoma cells resulted in Chk2 phosphorylation at Thr-68 and p53 phosphorylation at Ser-15. The observed cisplatin-induced increase in p53 phosphorylation preceded (by about 12 hours) the observed increase in Chk2 phosphorylation. Elevated protein levels of ATM, p53 and P21 by cisplatin in these cells appear in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of p53 by cDNA transfection in cells with wild type p53-function doubled the amount of Chk2 phosphorylation 48 hours after cisplatin treatment, whereas p53 knock-down by specific siRNA greatly reduced Chk2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, selective Chk2 Inhibitor (C3742) potentiated the cell-killing effect of cisplatin in both sensitive and resistant ovarian cancer cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that after cisplatin exposure the DNA damage response pathway is activated with greatly increased Chk2 phosphorylation which is modulated by p53. Inhibition of Chk2 with a small-molecule inhibitor may overcome cisplatin resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2982.
New Concepts of Residential Care for the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Dorothy G. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

TO look objectively at the physician's role in advising parents of mentally retarded children about residential care, it is important that one examine some of the concepts of the past so that one may more intelligently understand those in a state of evolvement at present. Someone has remarked that the reason history repeats itself is that each new generation refuses to read the footnotes. A brief look at some of the historical footnotes regarding residential care will supply guidelines to physicians so that they may give constructive advice to parents of the retarded.Many present-day ideas concerning residential care for . . .
Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Cells, the Cancer Stem Cell Phenotype, and Increased Sensitivity to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor Inhibition
Authors: Nikolaos A. Dallas, Ling Xia, Fan Fan, Michael J. Gray, Puja Gaur, George van Buren, Shaija Samuel, Michael P. Kim, Sherry J. Lim, Lee M. Ellis
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) and oxaliplatin are standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), but the development of chemoresistance is inevitable. Because cancer stem cells (CSC) are hypothesized to be chemoresistant, we investigated CSC properties in newly developed chemoresistant CRC cell lines and sought to identify targets for therapy. The human CRC cell line HT29 was exposed to increasing doses of 5FU (HT29/5FU-R) or oxaliplatin (HT29/OxR) to achieve resistance at clinically relevant doses. Western blotting and flow cytometry were done to determine molecular alterations. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) AVE-1642 was used to inhibit signaling in vitro and in vivo using murine xenograft models. HT29/5FU-R and HT29/OxR showed 16- to 30-fold enrichment of CD133(+) cells and 2-fold enrichment of CD44(+) cells (putative CRC CSC markers). Resistant cells were enriched 5- to 22-fold for double-positive (CD133(+)/CD44(+)) cells. Consistent with the CSC phenotype, resistant cells exhibited a decrease in cellular proliferation in vitro (47-59%; P < 0.05). Phosphorylated and total IGF-IR levels were increased in resistant cell lines. HT29/5FU-R and HT29/OxR cells were approximately 5-fold more responsive to IGF-IR inhibition relative to parental cells (P < 0.01) in vitro. Tumors derived from HT29/OxR cells showed significantly greater growth inhibition in response to an IGF-IR mAb than did parental cells (P < 0.05). Chemoresistant CRC cells are enriched for CSC markers and the CSC phenotype. Chemotherapy-induced IGF-IR activation provided for enhanced sensitivity to IGF-IR-targeted therapy. Identification of CSC targets presents a novel therapeutic approach in this disease.
JOURNAL EDITORIALS—A PRACTICAL SUGGESTION
Authors: Carl J. Wiggers
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It may possibly interest you to learn of an unsuspected but extremely valuable use to which certain editorials ofThe Journalhave been put. For the last seven years I have cut out, mounted, filed and catalogued editorials on current physiologic subjects. From time to time during the course in physiology at Western Reserve University Medical School, sets of editorials which bear on topics under consideration are placed in the student laboratory. Students are encouraged to read these whenever a few unoccupied minutes become available. Their value as an adjunct to teaching is at least fourfold: Each editorial furnishes a short, complete discussion on a single or relatively few points, susceptible of being read, digested and assimilated in five minutes or less. This is a great aid in fixing ideas. They present physiologic subjects clearly and from interesting medical standpoints which are often quite different from textbook
Eculizumab and Refractory Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Seetha Radhakrishnan, Andrew Lunn, Michael Kirschfink, Paul Thorner, Diane Hebert, Valerie Langlois, Fred Pluthero, Christoph Licht
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

This letter to the editor discusses the use of eculizumab in refractory membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The response appears to be dramatic.
Comparative Imaging of Epidural Abscess
Authors: JOHN R. STY, ROBERT G. WELLS, DAVID C. GREGG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

This 8-year-old girl presented with left flank pain, fever, and inability normally to extend and flex the back. The radionuclide bone scan was abnormal at the site of the epidural abscess. Computed tomography and MRI studies both showed the specific character and extent of the epidural pathology.
Planning and Paying for Health — Television Medicine — A Double Jubilee
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

MR. Enoch Powell, who was appointed minister of health last year, has heartened all those working within the National Health Service with his enthusiastic approach to many of its problems. Not only has he announced that much more capital expenditure is to be allowed on new hospital buildings over the next few years, but he has also indicated that he intends to ensure that there is more rational forward planning. For the first time, hospital authorities throughout the country have been asked to submit their estimated requirements over the next ten-year period. To help them assess their needs the Ministry . . .
Calicotubular Backflow With Vesicoureteral Reflux
Authors: Arjan D. Amar
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Calicotubular backflow, previously reported to occur during retrograde or excretory urographic study, was observed during voiding cystography of eight patients with vesicoureteral reflux. The phenomenon is probably more common than has been demonstrated by present methods. Its connection with pyelonephritis in patients with reflux appears not to have been appreciated. Where calicotubular backflow occurs, bacteria entering the renal pelvis as a result of vesicoureteral reflux can invade the renal parenchyma to initiate, complicate, and perpetuate pyelonephritis.
SMON Probably Occurred in 1938 in Japan
Authors: Kimihiro Nakae
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> One of the questions against the theory that iodochlorhydroxyquin causes subacute myelo-opticoneuropathy (SMON) was "Why has the disease become apparent only in the past decade when the drug has been used for four decades?" (220:273, 1972). In fact, reports of the outbreaks of SMON had appeared since 1958,<sup>1</sup>although iodochlorhydroxyquin had been used orally from 1929<sup>2</sup>in Japan. To elucidate this problem, one of us (K. K.) studied the conditions of the use of iodochlorhydroxyquin before the Second World War through a review of the literature, especially the reports of clinical trials. Consequently, it was found that the daily doses were relatively small and the duration of administration short at that time. One of the reports published in 1938, however, stated that no adverse effect was observed when the drug was administered to 30 carriers of<i>Salmonella typhi</i>in a daily dose of 1.0 to
Case of Acute Laryngitis, with Observations
Authors: G. Norman
Journal: BMJ (1849)

A gentleman, aged 48, had common sore-throat, with swollen tonsils, for five or six days previous to the 22nd of August, from whichi he had in a great measure recovered, when on the afternoon of that day he was attacked with the symptoms of acute larvngitis, which rapidly increased, and in the night Dr. Everitt, of Devizes, was called in to see him, by Mr. Anstie, who bad previously attended him..At that time he had difficulty of breathing, hoarseness, cough, a copious expectoration of viscid mucus, and pain and tenderness in the region of the larynx.There was but little beat of skin; the pulse 90, and of moderate force, but there was great depression of the general strength, and much restlessness.Tartar emetic was ordered at short intervals, till full vomiting was produced, and after- wards in sufficient quantities to keep up a state of nausea.He was seen early in the following morning (the 23rd,) by Dr. Everitt and Mr. Anstie.There was no relief of the symptoms, and there was more fever.He was bled at the arm till slight syncope took place, and twelve leeches were afterwards applied over the larynx, which bled freely.He was ordered calomel and tartar emetic every hour.At noon he expressed bimself confidently as feeling better, and be appeared so in many respects, but the improvement was not such -as was desirable in a case of po much danger, and as there did not appear much scope for further treatment, it was thought that the time was arrived to consider the question of tracheotomy, and with that view I was sent for.Dr. Everitt saw him between two and three in the afternoon, when he was much the same.There was no discolouration of the face, nor any decided symptoms of the near approach of a state of asphyxia; between four and five, however, be died somewhat suddenly, some time before I got to Devizes.The only alteration that preceded his death was, that of great increase of restlessness, so that he could not be kept in bed.The throat, larynx, and trachea, were examined a few hours after deatb.There was great redness of the fauces, but little swelling of the tonsils; the epiglottis thickened and greatly enlarged, projected above the basis of the tongue, and looked like an extraneous substance occupying the whole space of the pharynx; its edges *e thickened, everted, and puckered up, so as to form a narrow serpentine canal, terminating in the rima glottidis, the aperture of which was dimin.ished to the smallest size by the thickened and inflamed state of the lining membrane of the larynx.The