tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PROGNOSIS OF TETANUS
Authors: ASTLEY P. C. ASHHURST
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A recent paper by Wainwright, 1 in which he comes to the conclusion that in the treatment of tetanus by antitoxin  injections are harmful, increase mortality, and should be abolished, seems to call for a word of warning to the profession lest they be misled by the statistics he has assembled and abandon a safe and valuable method of treatment. He finds, as shown in table 8 of his paper, that among 243 cases personally reported to him in which intraspinal injection was used alone or in combination, the death rate was 61.7 per cent; whereas in 297 similarly reported cases in which it was not used intraspinally but was used by other methods, the death rate was 52.2 per cent. The same statistics show that when antitoxin was used intravenously only, the mortality was 63 per cent, but that when it was used subcutaneously alone, the mortality was
Constraints Under Which the Microbiology Laboratory Functions
Authors: ALEX C. SONNENWIRTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The relevance, usefulness, quality, and cost of performance of many clinical microbiology laboratories have been questioned. Major, common constraints under which most microbiology laboratories operate in the United States include lack of trained manpower, wide variation in the level and sophistication of clinical microbiology service, lack of physician-laboratory communication and interaction, inadequacies in medical education, and often inadequate laboratory space. Governmental regulations, requirements, and standards have improved the quality of many laboratories' work, but also result in greatly increased costs, excesses of often trivial procedures, and diversion of trained manpower from clinical service to regulatory procedures, with a resulting increase in manpower needs. The usefulness, relevance, and cost of regulatory requirements and procedures are unknown. Lack of reliable, standardized reagents impedes utilization of rapid and low cost procedures, and proliferation of complex tests results in costly additional demands on existing manpower.
THE EFFECT OF MACROPHAGE ACCUMULATIONS ON BARE–METAL STENT NEOINTIMA IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: EVALUATION USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Yuetsu Kikuta, Hideo Takebayashi, Shigeki Hiramatsu, Manabu Taniguchi, Kenji Goto, Masahito Taniguchi, Katsumasa Sato, Etsuko Ikeda, Arata Hagikura, Hiroki Yamane, Seiichi Haruta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mefloquine-resistant falciparum malaria on the Thai-Burmese border
Authors: F Nosten, F ter Kuile, T Chongsuphajaisiddhi, N.J White, F ter Kuile, C Luxemburger, H.K Webster, M Edstein, L Phaipun, Kyaw Lay Thew, N.J White
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Edmund Clegg Atkinson
Authors: R. E. Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Soon after qualification, Edmund Clegg Atkinson (“Teddy”) became “doc” on the Cap Pilar , a barquentine having neither motor nor radio, and manned by an amateur crew circumnavigating the world from 1936 to 1938. Teddy left the voyage in Cape Town in April 1937, having visited Madeira, the Azores, Rio de Janeiro, and Tristan da Cunha, where he was washed ashore unconscious …
Characteristics of Depression of Chronically Ill Medical Patients
Authors: Nicholas A. Covino, Jerald F. Dirks, Ralph I. Fisch, John V. Seidel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

In an earlier study, 13 distinct patterns of depression were found among 132 asthma, tuberculosis, and pain patients. The subscales of scale 2 of the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) which were developed at the Massachusetts Mental Health Center were the basis for the classification via o-type cluster analysis. The present work projected these patterns to the standard three validity and ten clinical scales of the MMPI. In addition, Dirk's panic-fear and Kleiger's alexithymia scales were scored. It was demonstrated that these 13 patterns of depression had important personality correlates associated with them. A useful point of view to take in medical care of the chronically ill is also offered.
Abstract 1078: PPM1A acts as a novel RelA phosphatase to negatively regulate NF-κB signaling
Authors: Xinyuan Lu, Hanbing An, Wendell G. Yarbrough
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Phosphorylation of RelA is required to fully activate NF-κB transcription activity and dephosphorylation of RelA can inhibit its activity. To date, Wip1 (PPM1D) and PP2A have been described as RelA phosphatases. The purpose of this study was to identify novel RelA phosphatase(s) and determine if they play a role in regulation of NF-κB activity related to tumorigenesis. PPM1A belongs to PP2C protein phosphatase family, the same family of Wip1. To begin exploring PPM1A activity toward RelA, serine 536 (S536) phosphorylation of RelA was determined with and without expression or knockdown of PPM1A. Expression of PPM1A in U2OS cells decreased RelA phosphorylation, whereas siRNA-mediated loss of PPM1A increased S536RelA phosphorylation. Luciferase assay using a κB responsive reporter with expression of either PPM1A or phosphatase-dead PPM1A (PPM1A-PD) revealed that wild-type, but not PPM1A-PD, inhibited RelA transcription. Furthermore, in vitro phosphatase assays using bacterially expressed PPM1A with substrate of either full length RelA or phosphorylated RelA peptides, suggest that PPM1A can function as a direct RelA phosphatase at residuesS536 and S276. We could not identify reports of additional phosphatases with activity toward the S276 residue of RelA. Using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) LZAP-associated proteins (LAPs) were sought with PPM1A being identified. LZAP (C53, CDK5RAP3) has tumor suppressor-like activity that is mediated at least partially through inhibition of RelA S536 phosphorylation and activity. PPM1A's ability to decrease RelA phosphorylation at S536 site was largely inhibited in cells with siRNA-mediated loss of LZAP. To determine if PPM1A has tumor suppressor activity, HeLa cells were infected with retrovirus directing shRNA-mediated knockdown of PPM1A and tumorigenic properties of these cells were determined. Preliminary xenograft tumor data suggest PPM1A has a negative effect on tumor initiation and proliferation and studies are underway to determine if PPM1A activity toward NF-κB plays a role. In summary, our data suggest that PPM1A is a novel RelA phosphatase with activity to dephosphorylate RelA at serines 536 and 276. PPM1A inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity and that PPM1A activity toward RelA is at least partially dependent on LZAP. Our preliminary data also suggest PPM1A might have tumor suppressor-like activity that could be dependent on LZAP or RelA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1078. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1078
Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB Activity by Temozolomide Involves <i>O</i>6-Methylguanine–Induced Inhibition of p65 DNA Binding
Authors: Bakhtiar Yamini, Xiaohong Yu, M. Eileen Dolan, Michael H. Wu, Donald W. Kufe, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The alkylating agent temozolomide, commonly used in the treatment of malignant glioma, causes cellular cytotoxicity by forming O6-methylguanine adducts. In this report, we investigated whether temozolomide alters the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Temozolomide inhibits basal and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced NF-κB transcriptional activity without altering phosphorylation or degradation of inhibitor of κB-α. Inhibition of NF-κB is secondary to attenuation of p65 DNA binding, not nuclear translocation. Inhibition of DNA binding is shown both in vitro, with gel shift studies and DNA binding assays, and in vivo at κB sites. Consistent with inhibition of NF-κB activity, temozolomide reduces basal and TNFα-induced κB-dependent gene expression. Temozolomide also inhibits NF-κB activated by inducers other than TNFα, including lipopolysaccharide, doxorubicin, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The inhibitory action of temozolomide on NF-κB is observed to be maximal following pretreatment of cells with temozolomide for 16 h and is also seen with the SN1-type methylating agent methylnitrosourea. The ability of temozolomide to form O6-methylguanine adducts is important for inhibition of NF-κB as is the presence of a functioning mismatch repair system. Activation of NF-κB with TNFα before administration of temozolomide reduces the cytotoxicity of temozolomide, whereas 16-h pretreatment with temozolomide resensitizes cells to killing. This work shows a mechanism whereby O6-methylguanine adducts formed by temozolomide lead to inhibition of NF-κB activity and illustrates a link between mismatch repair processing of alkylator-induced DNA damage and cell death. [Cancer Res 2007;67(14):6889–98]
Manchester triage system in paediatric emergency care: prospective observational study
Authors: M v. Veen, E. W Steyerberg, M. Ruige, A. H J v. Meurs, J. Roukema, J. v. d. Lei, H. A Moll
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To validate use of the Manchester triage system in paediatric emergency care. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational study. <b>Setting</b> Emergency departments of a university hospital and a teaching hospital in the Netherlands, 2006-7. <b>Participants</b> 17 600 children (aged &lt;16) visiting an emergency department over 13 months (university hospital) and seven months (teaching hospital). <b>Intervention</b> Nurses triaged 16 735/17 600 patients (95%) using a computerised Manchester triage system, which calculated urgency levels from the selection of discriminators embedded in flowcharts for presenting problems. Nurses over-ruled the urgency level in 1714 (10%) children, who were excluded from analysis. Complete data for the reference standard were unavailable in 1467 (9%) children leaving 13 554 patients for analysis. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Urgency according to the Manchester triage system compared with a predefined and independently assessed reference standard for five urgency levels. This reference standard was based on a combination of vital signs at presentation, potentially life threatening conditions, diagnostic resources, therapeutic interventions, and follow-up. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for high urgency (immediate and very urgent) and 95% confidence intervals for subgroups based on age, use of flowcharts, and discriminators. <b>Results</b> The Manchester urgency level agreed with the reference standard in 4582 of 13 554 (34%) children; 7311 (54%) were over-triaged and 1661 (12%) under-triaged. The likelihood ratio was 3.0 (95% confidence interval 2.8 to 3.2) for high urgency and 0.5 (0.4 to 0.5) for low urgency; though the likelihood ratios were lower for those presenting with a medical problem (2.3 (2.2 to 2.5) <i>v</i> 12.0 (7.8 to 18.0) for trauma) and in younger children (2.4 (1.9 to 2.9) at 0-3 months <i>v</i> 5.4 (4.5 to 6.5) at 8-16 years). <b>Conclusions</b> The Manchester triage system has moderate validity in paediatric emergency care. It errs on the safe side, with much more over-triage than under-triage compared with an independent reference standard for urgency. Triage of patients with a medical problem or in younger children is particularly difficult.
Children in a persistent vegetative state
Authors: C Pallis
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis affecting small vessels. It is the most common systemic vasculitis in children, and is rare in adults. Serious gastrointestinal complications are more common in childhood. Infections and drugs are the most prominent factors in the aetiology. Wall thickening in segments of the small intestine is commonly seen in imaging studies in gastrointestinal system (GIS) involvement. Simultaneous involvement of small intestine and colon is rare. An HSP case involving small intestine and colon in an adult patient due to the use of rosuvastatin, an antihyperlipidaemic agent, is presented, and is first of its kind reported in the literature.
Enhanced K+-channel-mediated endothelium-dependent local and conducted dilation of small mesenteric arteries from ApoE−/− mice
Authors: Timea Beleznai, Hiromichi Takano, Claire Hamill, Polina Yarova, Gillian Douglas, Keith Channon, Kim Dora
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Agonists that evoke smooth muscle cell hyperpolarization have the potential to stimulate both local and conducted dilation. We investigated whether the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine (ACh) and SLIGRL stimulated conducted dilation and whether this was altered by deficiency in apolipoprotein E (ApoE(-/-)).Isolated mesenteric arteries were cannulated, pressurized, and precontracted with phenylephrine. Agonists were either added to the bath to study local dilation or were restricted to one end of arteries to study conducted dilation. An enhanced sensitivity to both ACh and SLIGRL was observed in mesenteric arteries from ApoE(-/-) mice compared with wild-type controls. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase blocked ACh responses, but had no effect on maximum dilation to SLIGRL. SLIGRL increased endothelial cell Ca(2+), hyperpolarized smooth muscle cells, and fully dilated arteries. The NO-independent dilation to SLIGRL was blocked with high [KCl] or Ca(2+)-activated K(+)-channel blockers. The hyperpolarization and dilation to SLIGRL passed through the artery to at least 2.5 mm upstream. The conducted dilation was not affected by a deficit in ApoE and could also be stimulated by ACh, suggesting NO itself could stimulate conducted dilation.In small mesenteric arteries of ApoE(-/-) mice, NO-independent dilation is enhanced. Since both NO-dependent and -independent pathways can stimulate local and conducted dilation, the potential for reducing vascular resistance is improved in these vessels.
<i>Escherichia coli</i>K1 Capsular Polysaccharide Associated with Neonatal Meningitis
Authors: John B. Robbins, George H. McCracken, Emil C. Gotschlich, Frits Ørskov, Ida Ørskov, Lars A. Hanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Examination of 77 strains of Escherichia coli from the cerebrospinal fluid of neonates with meningitis revealed 65 (84 per cent) with the capsular (K1) polysaccharide. The Esch. coli K1 capsular antigen has been shown to be immunochemically identical to the meningococcal Group B polysaccharide. These cerebrospinal-fluid Esch. coli K1 strains were associated with at least seven different somatic (O) and three flagella (H) antigens. In contrast, Esch. coli K1 strains were found in 14 of 36 (39 per cent) blood cultures of neonates without meningitis and in approximately 15 per cent of blood, urine and stool cultures from adults and rectal cultures from infants. The mean median lethal dose in a mucin-enhanced mouse model for 31 neonatal cerebrospinal-fluid K1 isolates was 168 organisms. In contrast, the median lethal dose for 10 neonatal non-K1 isolates was 58,000 and was greater than 10,000 organisms for six non-K1 enteropathogenic strains and five K1 strains isolated from normal infant stools. The high prevalence of the K1 antigen in neonatal meningitis suggests that this capsular polysaccharide is related to Esch. coli invasiveness in the newborn. A protective effect of anti-capsular antibody in a mouse model suggests that immunity to neonatal Esch. coli K1 meningitis may be mediated by serum antibodies. (N Engl J Med 290:1216–1220, 1974)
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF GASTRIC ACIDITY IN CASES OF RESECTABLE CARCINOMA
Authors: HOWARD R. HARTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The diagnostic value of gastric analysis, and particularly of gastric acidity, has received much comment in medical literature, and the possibility of obtaining a correct idea of the characteristics of the whole gastric content, by means of a single tubing or fractional aspirations and analysis, has been questioned. Nevertheless, a practical working base has been established. Gastric acidity aids in determining the degree of activity of peptic ulcer, and the need for radical or conservative intervention. Experience has taught us that an ulcer cannot be active if there is frank anacidity, and surgical intervention seems most advisable when the gastric acidity is high.  Time and further investigation may compel us to change our ideas with regard to gastric analysis. Formerly, anacidity was considered essential to the diagnosis of carcinoma of the stomach. The literature gives varying data as to the frequency with which free hydrochloric acid is found in such
Withholding Therapy and Anti-Cruelty Policies
Authors: FRED ROSNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1986Withholding Therapy and Anti-Cruelty PoliciesFRED ROSNER, M.D.FRED ROSNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-3-468_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In commenting on the New Jersey Supreme Court decision in the case of Claire Conroy, Lo and Dornbrand (1) point out that the court rejected the distinction between ordinary (for example, food and water) and extraordinary (for example, mechanical ventilation) treatment and ruled that artificial feedings do not differ from other life-sustaining treatments. A decade earlier, the same New Jersey Supreme Court authorized the removal of Karen Ann Quinlan's respirator. When Quinlan's father was asked whether he wanted intravenous feedings stopped, he expressed amazement, saying, "Oh no, that is her nourishment," clearly making a sharp distinction between...References1. LODORNBRAND BL. The case of Claire Conroy: will administrative review safeguard incompetent patients? Ann Intern Med. 1986; 104:869-73. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RAMSEY P. Prolonged dying not medically indicated. Hastings Cent Rep. 1976;6:14-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. LA PUMA J. Consultations in clinical ethics: issues and questions in 27 cases. Clin Res. 1986. (In press). Google Scholar2. BRAITHWAITETHOMASMA SD. New guidelines on foregoing lifesustaining treatment in incompetent patients: an anti-cruelty policy. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:711-5. LinkGoogle Scholar3. JONSENLO AB. Clinical decisions to limit treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:764-8. LinkGoogle Scholar4. PERKINS H. Ethics at the end of life: practical principles for making resuscitation decisions. J Gen Intern Med. 1986;1:170-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BRAITHWAITETHOMASMA SD. New guidelines on foregoing life-sustaining treatment in incompetent patients: an anti-cruelty policy. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:711-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MEISELGRENVIKPINKUSSNYDER JARJ. Hospital guidelines for deciding about life-sustaining treatment: dealing with health "limbo." Crit Care Med. 1986;14:239-46. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1986Volume 105, Issue 3Page: 468-469KeywordsFoodVentilators Issue Published: 1 September 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Reforming Egypt's health system: is it that simple?
Authors: Wael Fayek Saleh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Egypt has witnessed several health gains during the past decades. Life expectancy at birth is increasing, 95% of the population has access to primary health care within 5 km, and immunisation coverage is about 98%. However, the quality of public health services is questionable and about 60% of expenditure on health is out of the patients' pockets.1 According to the World Health Organization, Egypt spends about 5.8% of its gross domestic product on health.2 This is lower than the countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)—which Egypt …
Intravenous gammaglobulin in refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Efficacy with or without concomitant steroid therapy
Authors: Ross A. Abrams, Richard Aster, Tom Anderson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Two patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to conventional management with steroids and splenectomy were treated with 5-day courses of intravenous gamma globulin (Gamimune-Cutter), 400 mg/kg/day. Improvement was observed in both cases even while steroids were being tapered. In each case when thrombocytopenia subsequently recurred or worsened, further therapy with IV gamma globulin without concomitant steroids was followed by definite increase in platelet numbers. These observations confirm that the Cutter preparation of IV gamma globulin is efficacious in the management of refractory ITP and suggest that in this clinical setting response to IV gamma globulins can occur without concomitant administration of corticosteroids.
High Court overturns suspension of a GP for his alleged actions as a school governor
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The High Court has overturned a General Medical Council decision to restrict a doctor’s practice pending a full hearing, in the fifth such ruling in four months.

High Court judge Mr Justice Eady lifted a suspension imposed on 73 year old GP Indravadan Patel last July by an interim orders panel of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service, the operationally independent arm of the GMC.

In four of the five cases, doctors had been suspended by the panel and unable to practise medicine while awaiting a hearing on charges against them. In the fifth, and latest ruling, the panel had imposed conditions on the doctor which the High Court found amounted to “a significant fetter on his ability to practise medicine in an area where the material …
Genomics in Medicine
Authors: W. Gregory Feero
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Enoxaparin for prevention of unexplained recurrent miscarriage: a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Elisabeth Pasquier, Luc de Saint Martin, Caroline Bohec, Céline Chauleur, Florence Bretelle, Gisèle Marhic, Grégoire Le Gal, Véronique Debarge, Frédéric Lecomte, Christine Denoual-Ziad, Véronique Lejeune-Saada, Serge Douvier, Michel Heisert, Dominique Mottier
Journal: Blood (2015)