tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Some Reliability, Validity, and Normative Data
Authors: Graeme J. Taylor, Michael Bagby, James D.A. Parker
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Addressing certain problems with the compositional structure of the self-report Toronto Alexithymia Scale, this paper reports the development of a revised version of the scale as well as results from a preliminary series of studies evaluating its reliability and validity. The Revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-R) demonstrated good internal consistency and a stable and replicable two-factor structure that is congruent with the two major dimensions of the alexithymia construct. Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the TAS-R was provided by correlations with measures of other constructs. Criterion validity was demonstrated by the ability of TAS-R scores to discriminate between behavioral medicine outpatients designated alexithymic and those designated non-alexithymic on the basis of clinical interview ratings. Normative data are provided for university student, normal adult, and psychiatric outpatient populations.
AN EAR COMPLICATION FROM DINITROPHENOL MEDICATION
Authors: Henry Dintenfass
Journal: JAMA (1934)

This case is presented because it demonstrates the possibility of the untoward action of dinitrophenol on the otologic apparatus in the treatment of obesity. A. M., a white woman, aged 28, who weighed 150 pounds (68 Kg.), was given dinitrophenol for weight reduction in June 1933. The dose consisted of a 5 grain (0.3 Gm.) capsule of alpha-dinitrophenol administered orally once a day. Immediately following the first capsule a burning sensation at the back of the throat was experienced, which lasted ten minutes. During the next few hours profuse perspiration, a dull headache and general bodily weakness occurred. At the end of four days, after 20 grains (1.3 Gm.) of the drug had been taken, the symptoms increased. There was severe exhaustion, accompanied by a rash over the chest and extreme dizziness and a sensation of fulness and pain in both ears. The dinitrophenol was then discontinued, the rash cleared
Double-outlet right ventricle: wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiographic observations.
Authors: D J Hagler, A J Tajik, J B Seward, D D Mair, D G Ritter
Journal: Circulation (1981)

M-mode echocardiographic delineation of double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) has relied primarily on the demonstration of mitral-semilunar valve discontinuity--a feature that requires an interpretation of spatial anatomic relationships. Thirty-six patients with DORV were examined by wide-angle real-time two-dimensional echocardiography. Anatomic diagnosis was established by surgery in 28 patients and by angiography alone in eight. Typical two-dimensional echocardiographic features were (1) parallel orientation and origin of both great arteries from the anterior right ventricle, (2) mitral-semilunar valve discontinuity demonstrated on parasternal long-axis scans by the presence of muscular conus separation, and (3) absence of left ventricular outflow other than a ventricular septal defect. This technique also allows better recognition of spatial orientation of the great arteries and the position of the ventricular septal defect relative to the great arteries. An unexpected finding was a high incidence of atrioventricular valvular anomalies, particularly annular override or abnormal chordal attachments (straddling) (eight patients), isolated cleft of the mitral valve (two patients), and complete atrioventricular canal (five patients). Thus, these two-dimensional echocardiographic findings have allowed improved noninvasive recognition of DORV and the demonstration of associated anomalies that previously were unrecognized preoperatively.
Altered purine and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise in patients with heart failure
Authors: Toru Kinugawa, Kazuhide Ogino, Masahiko Kato, Tatsuo Kato, Shuichi Osaki, Akihiro Endo, Osamu Igawa, Ichiro Hisatome, Chiaki Shigemasa, Edward W. Holmes
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Representation of Capsaicin-evoked Urge-to-Cough in the Human Brain Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Stuart B. Mazzone, Lisa McLennan, Alice E. McGovern, Gary F. Egan, Michael J. Farrell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Coughing in humans is typically preceded by a desire (or urge) to cough. The neural circuitry involved in sensing airway irritation and generating the urge-to-cough in humans is essentially unknown.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to use functional brain imaging to describe the supramedullary regions that are activated in humans during capsaicin inhalation.Methods: Experiments were performed on 10 healthy subjects (5 males, 5 females). Capsaicin doses were individually tailored to evoke a transient and reversible urge-to-cough. Blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance measures were collected during repeated 24-second challenges with capsaicin or saline inhalation and subjects were asked to rate the urge-to-cough intensity of each challenge.Measurements and Main Results: Capsaicin inhalation reliably evoked an urge-to-cough, which was associated with activations in a variety of brain regions, including the insula cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex, primary sensory cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum.Conclusions: These data provide the first insights into the cortical neuronal network involved in sensing airway irritation and modulating coughing in humans.
FDA disagrees with BMJ study that found clinical trials were not being reported
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Food and Drug Administration has denied charges made in a study in the BMJ that rules making it mandatory to report clinical trial results are being flouted. The study, published in January by Andrew Prayle and colleagues at the University of Nottingham,1 calculated that only 22% of the trials that should have reported their results on the ClinicalTrials.gov website had actually done so.

In response to the study Henry Waxman, the Democrat Congressman for part of Los Angeles, wrote to the FDA demanding an explanation. Jeanne Ireland, the FDA’s assistant commissioner for legislation, replied, contesting the figures.

She said that the analysis included some trials that were completed before the law took effect and had not excluded all those, such as uncontrolled trials, that are exempt from the …
Transfusions of Fresh Platelet Concentrates to Patients with Secondary Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Isaac Djerassi, Sidney Farber, Audrey E. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE hemorrhagic tendency of thrombocytopenic animals can be controlled temporarily by transfusions of fresh platelet concentrates.1 , 2 The clinical value of platelet transfusions has previously been noted.3 4 5 6 Studies in animals have shown that maximal hemostatic effects can be expected when the transfusion of platelets is followed by a sustained elevation of their level in the blood.7 Clinical studies comparable to those in animals have not been possible, however, because of the variations in bleeding manifestations of untreated thrombocytopenic patients and the difficulties encountered in carrying out well controlled studies during medical or surgical emergencies. In view of the widening use of . . .
The Adolescent Patient
Authors: CLYDE E. RAPP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The physician must establish a confidential and trusting relationship with the adolescent patient. All states allow treatment of adolescents over 18 without parental consent and some allow treatment for special problems such as venereal disease or drug abuse before 18. The depressed adolescent often presents with behavioral problems, school failure, or medical symptoms. The medical history should include a description of the pregnancy and delivery, immunizations and childhood diseases, family history of coronary disease, sexual activity, school performance, and drug use. The physical examination should include an evaluation of growth and sexual development, blood pressure determination, a breast examination in older teenagers, and a pelvic examination if the patient is sexually active or if a gynecologic problem is suspected. All adolescent patients need a urine analysis and hematocrit test. Sexually active patients need a serologic test for syphilis, gonorrhea culture, and Papanicolaou smear. Determination of cholesterol and triglyceride are needed when there is a history of a myocardial infarction in a first-degree relative younger than age 50 years.
The Causes, Classification, and Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Peter James Dyck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE causes of peripheral neuropathy are multiple.1 Because of a better understanding of the natural history of the peripheral neuropathies, improved approaches to detection and characterization, and improved classification, it should now be possible to categorize 75 per cent of patients with these disorders.Peripheral neuropathy is defined as deranged function and structure of peripheral motor, sensory, and autonomic neurons, involving either the entire neuron or selected levels. The disorders can appear clinically in diverse ways, depending on the severity of the process, the rate of progression, the anatomic structures affected, the population of neurons or Schwann cells affected, the . . .
Learning from failure
Authors: T. Downes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Last year I had the humbling privilege of experiencing a year’s fellowship at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in Boston in the United States.

Early in my fellowship year I received a visit from a long time medical friend, an internationally renowned rheumatologist from the UK. The same day I had attended an IHI course on executive leadership. I had heard a speaker, by coincidence also a rheumatologist and former hospital chief executive, recount how standardisation of methotrexate initiation has the potential to improve safety and efficiency. Full of enthusiasm, I repeated this to my visitor over dinner anticipating a positive reception.

“Why would …
Let's stop "thinning the blood"
Authors: P. Woodmansey
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Coumarin anticoagulant drugs have been used in medicine since the 1940s,1 although the first recorded human administration of warfarin seems to have been a suicide attempt in 1952.2 Similarly, the role of aspirin as an antiplatelet agent has been long established, and several newer anticoagulant drugs have entered the market over the years.

Although I was surprised to learn that in ponies with navicular disease warfarin has been shown to reduce plasma viscosity, …
Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal ligation in the long-term management of patients with cirrhosis after variceal bleeding
Authors: Alec Avgerinos, Anastasios Armonis, Spilios Manolakopoulos, George Poulianos, George Rekoumis, Antigoni Sgourou, Paraskevi Gouma, Sotos Raptis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Unstable expansion of CAG repeat in hereditary dentatorubral–pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA)
Authors: R. Koide, T. Ikeuchi, O. Onodera, H. Tanaka, S. Igarashi, K. Endo, H. Takahashi, R. Kondo, A. Ishikawa, T. Hayashi, M. Saito, A. Tomoda, T. Miike, H. Naito, F. Ikuta, S. Tsuji
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
Activity of latissimus dorsi muscle during inspiratory threshold loads
Authors: M Orozco-Levi, J Gea, J Monells, X Aran, MC Aguar, JM Broquetas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

The ability of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LD) to participate as an accessory inspiratory muscle has been the subject of controversy. Electromyographic (EGM) activity of LD was evaluated in 11 healthy subjects (aged 30 +/- 2 yrs; forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 106 +/- 5% predicted; maximal inspiratory pressure (Pmax), 120 +/- 6 cmH2O) under different breathing conditions. The ipsilateral biceps brachii was chosen as the control muscle. The EMG was recorded from surface electrodes, but needle electrodes were also used for LD evaluation in a subset of three subjects. The EMG signal from both muscles was recorded simultaneously, rectified and integrated, with subtraction of the electrocardiographic signal. Situations evaluated were: 1) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC); 2) apnoea; and 3) breathing under progressive inspiratory threshold loads (20-100% Pmax, at 20% intervals). A close relationship was evident between LD recordings from surface and needle electrodes (r = 0.975). Activity of LD at baseline was 1.8 +/- 0.4% MVC, and showed a phasic increase during inspiration under loads. This change had a linear tendency and was significant for loads corresponding to 40, 60, 80 and 100% of Pmax when compared to the control muscle. At this latter level, LD activity was equivalent to 32 +/- 5% MVC (range 11-61%), whereas mean activity of the control muscle was less than 7.5% MVC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Milroy Lectures on Darwinism and Race Progress: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: J. B. Haycraft
Journal: BMJ (1894)

LECTUIRE III.-CRIMEF ANI) INCAPACITY.31ANY criminals, perhaps the greater number, are the creatures of accident, or of vicious training.Many are incapables, driven to crime through their incapacity.But over and above there are a band of innate criminals.The pedigree of many criminal families has been written, but perhlaps
Seizures in a 9 month old girl
Authors: L. Armstrong, V. Orr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 9 month old girl presented to hospital in status epilepticus. Seizures were focal, affecting the right side, with secondary generalisation. She had no history of seizures. She was known to have an asymptomatic cardiac rhabdomyoma in the region of the left ventricular outflow tract. This had been diagnosed during investigation of a cardiac murmur detected during routine newborn examination. Her neurodevelopment was normal. Computed tomography was performed after resuscitation and stabilisation (fig 1⇓). Fig 1 Computed tomogram of the brain ### Short answers:
Identification and functional analysis of endothelial tip cell–enriched genes
Authors: Raquel del Toro, Claudia Prahst, Thomas Mathivet, Geraldine Siegfried, Joshua S. Kaminker, Bruno Larrivee, Christiane Breant, Antonio Duarte, Nobuyuki Takakura, Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Josef Penninger, Anne Eichmann
Journal: Blood (2010)
Aberrant Brain Functional Connectivity Related to Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: A Resting-State fMRI Study
Authors: Yu-Chen Chen, Yun Jiao, Ying Cui, Song-An Shang, Jie Ding, Yuan Feng, Wen Song, Sheng-Hong Ju, Gao-Jun Teng
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which is involved in the development of Alzheimer disease. This study aims to investigate the relationship between abnormal resting-state brain functional connectivity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.A total of 30 patients with type 2 diabetes and 31 healthy well-matched volunteers were prospectively examined. Resting-state brain functional connectivity analysis was used to examine the correlation between the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and whole-brain regions. The possible relationships between functional connectivity measures and insulin resistance were evaluated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Compared with healthy controls, we observed significantly decreased functional connectivity of the PCC within some selected regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left lingual gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus, and left precentral gyrus; increased functional connectivity of the PCC was detected in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, right superior frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus. A significant negative correlation was found between the PCC-right MTG connectivity and HOMA-IR in type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0.014; r = -0.446).Type 2 diabetic patients develop aberrant functional connectivity of the PCC, which is associated with insulin resistance in selected brain regions. Resting-state connectivity disturbance of PCC-MTG may be a central role for evaluating the cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
Occupational asthma due to tea dust.
Authors: A Cartier, J L Malo
Journal: Thorax (1990)

<h3>Summary</h3> <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is a suitable model for investigating how neuropeptides influence animal behaviours and physiology. We previously reported that two behavioural paradigms control mating duration of male <i>Drosophila</i>, called Longer-Mating-Duration (LMD) and Shorter-Mating-Duration (SMD) that are induced through socio-sexual environment prior to copulation. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which males exhibit plasticity to different social cues remains poorly understood. Here, we show that SIFa modulates the neural circuitry for both LMD and SMD. Neuropeptide-to-neuropeptide communication, so called ‘neuropeptide relay’ plays a key role to mediate this control. We identified that 7 neuropeptides expressed in SIFa Receptor-positive cells are functionally important to regulate either LMD and/or SMD. The modulation of two independent mating duration behaviour by the different SIFa-mediated neuropeptide relay will help to further investigate how the neuropeptidergic modulation can control complex behaviours.
Endoscopic Fistulo-sphincterotomy: An Alternative Method of Sphincterotomy Using a New Sphincterotome
Authors: L. Schapira, F.I. Khawaja
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

A new method of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is described when selective cannulation of the common bile duct (CBD) is not possible and a prominent intraduodenal segment of the CBD is endoscopically recognized. A straight retractable sphincterotome was specifically designed to produce an artificial choledochoduodenal fistula which was subsequently extended to allow passage or extraction of CBD stones. This method was successfully applied in 15 patients with choledocholithiasis without any complications. All patients have remained symptom free on up to 2 1/2 years of follow up. Endoscopic fistulo-sphincterotomy provides as safe alternative method of ES when currently available techniques have failed.
A New Era in the Genetics of Deafness
Authors: Karen P. Steel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

There has been tremendous progress in research on the genetic basis of deafness. Ten different genes for nonsyndromic (uncomplicated) deafness have been identified since May 1997.1 It has always been assumed that single-gene defects were responsible for the condition in approximately half of the 1 in 1000 children who are born with a serious hearing impairment, but many of the newly identified genes causing deafness involve progressive loss of hearing that begins in adulthood, suggesting that single genes may also play an important part in hearing loss in the population as a whole. Sixteen percent of adults have clinically relevant . . .
Werner's Syndrome
Authors: D P Adoue
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Figure 1. A 37-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hoarseness and progressive difficulty in walking. The patient's face had the characteristic beak-like appearance of Werner's syndrome (left panel). Examination disclosed juvenile cataracts, scleroderma-like skin changes, hair loss, deficiency of adipose tissue, and sensory neuropathy of the lower limbs (right panel). He also had severe arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries (as identified by coronary arteriography) and the legs.
Renal-Transplant Ureteral Obstruction Simulating Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
Authors: Robert J. Krane
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Two kidney transplant recipients developed impairment of renal function that was subsequently found to be due to retroperitoneal fibrosis. In one patient, the precipitating event was trauma with retroperitoneal hemorrhage, whereas in the other, it was talc retroperitonitis. Since the host ureter was uninvolved by the fibrotic process, return to normal renal function was achieved in both cases by donor-host pyeloureterostomy. Retroperitoneal fibrosis should be considered in any kidney transplant patient with failing renal function; the fibrosis surrounding the transplanted ureter can lead to obstructive uropathy in spite of a normal ureteral caliber, and thus may be confused with other causes of failing kidney function.
Mutations in SPG11, encoding spatacsin, are a major cause of spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum
Authors: Giovanni Stevanin, Filippo M. Santorelli, Hamid Azzedine, Paula Coutinho, Jacques Chomilier, Paola S. Denora, Elodie Martin, Anne Marie Ouvrard-Hernandez, Alessandra Tessa, Naïma Bouslam, Alexander Lossos, Perrine Charles, José L. Loureiro, Nizar Elleuch, Christian Confavreux, Vítor T. Cruz, Merle Ruberg, Eric Leguern, Djamel Grid, Meriem Tazir, Bertrand Fontaine, Alessandro Filla, Enrico Bertini, Alexandra Durr, Alexis Brice
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
P04.25 * MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF STEREOTACTIC BIOPSIES COMPARED TO TISSUE SAMPLES FROM OPEN TUMOR RESECTIONS IN GLIOMAS
Authors: M. Timmer, M. Perrech, G. Rohn, D. Ruess, T. Blau, N. Breuer, R. Goldbrunner, M. Ruge
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Biomarkers, genetic alterations and epigenetic marks gain in importance as prognostic and predictive markers both, after primary diagnosis and in the recurrent disease situation. However, tissue samples are needed throughout the longitudinal course of the disease in order to adjust therapy to changing conditions. A remaining question is whether an open tumor resection is superior for pathological and molecular analysis compared to a small stereotactic biopsy. We compared the diagnostic potential of stereotactic biopsies to tissue samples from gross total resections. 16 stereotactic 1-mm tissue samples (2 diffuse astrocytomas, 2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 9 glioblastomas, 3 other tumors) were analyzed with an approach combining histopathologic diagnosis with small sample size-adjusted moleculargenetic analysis. Serial biopsies were taken throughout the tumor. Single probes were taken for single analysis (e.g. 1 probe for immunohistochemistry, 1 probe for genomic DNA extraction, 1 probe for RNA and protein extraction etc.). This procedure is eligible as the literature reports homogeneous distribution of biomarkers throughout tumors. We report that for each single patient a microscopic analysis, different immunhistochemical stainings (e.g. GFAP, S100, Vimentin, MAP2, EGFR, IDH1, p53, and MIB-1) as well as biochemical and molecular analysis could be performed with material obtained from a single stereotactic biopsy. The biochemical analysis was done by Western blot using various antibodies (e.g. ALDH1, AHR, GFAP, beta-actin). Furthermore, molecular techniques were applied including the methylation status of the MGMT promoter by bisulfit conversion of the DNA and following PCR and the IDH1/2 mutation status verification by pyro-sequencing. Genomic DNA could be extracted from all stereotactic probes. RNA extraction was also possible, but the amount of cDNA which could be obtained from the RNA of stereotactic samples was significant lower in 14 (out of the 16) samples than the amount of cDNA normally used for quantitative RT-PCR from open operations. There was no biopsy-related morbidity. We conclude that determination of many different immunohistochemical, biochemical, and molecular parameters are possible using the stereotactic biopsy technique. Moreover, the procedure is safe and reliable. The stereotactic biopsy enables decision making for optimizing the treatment of brain tumors without the necessity of an open resection. This finding has even more clinical impact in elderly patients or in patients with eloquent tumor localizations.