tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Book Review Aging and Ethics Edited by Nancy S. Jecker. 394 pp. Clifton, N.J., Humana Press, 1991. $32.50. Set No Limits: A rebuttal to Daniel Callahan's proposal to limit health care for the elderly Edited by Robert L. Barry and Gerard V. Bradley. 134 pp. Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press, 1991. $22.95.
Authors: Ladislav Volicer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Esophageal Tuberculosis With Supraclavicular Lymph Node Involvement Demonstrated By Ga-67 Imaging
Authors: TON-HO YOUNG, JONG-PYNG HSIEH, YOU-CHEN CHAO, CHUNG-TE HSU, None HO-TOM, HUNG-SHANG TANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 28-year-old man with a 2-week history of chest discomfort on swallowing and a palpable right supraclavicular mass had a CT scan of the chest that demonstrated esophageal wall thickening in the subcarinal area. Ga-67 citrate imaging showed accumulation in the right supraclavicular region and middle third of the esophagus. Biopsy specimens from the esophagus and lymph nodes confirmed the diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis with right supraclavicular lymph node involvement. Ziehl-Neelsen stains revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli. The patient was treated with rifampin, isoniazid, and ethambutal with resolution of the symptoms of chest discomfort and dysphagia within 2 weeks.
The Trace Deletion Hypothesis and the Tree-Pruning Hypothesis: Still valid characterizations of Broca's aphasia
Authors: Yosef Grodzinsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

I begin with a characterization of neurolinguistic theories, trying to pinpoint some general properties that an account of brain/language relations should have. I then address specific criticisms made in the commentaries regarding the syntactic theory assumed in the target article, properties of the Trace Deletion Hypothesis (TDH) and the Tree-Pruning Hyothesis (TPH), other experimental results from aphasia, and findings from functional neuroimaging. Despite the criticism, the picture of the limited role of Broca's area remains unchanged.
Serum Iron in the Diagnosis of Hepatobiliary Disease
Authors: L. Schamroth, W. Edelstein, W. M. Politzer, N. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (1956)

PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA have a hypotensive effect by virtue of its adrenolytic properties.Knox and Slessor (1955) found that 25 mg. of chlorpromazine intramuscularly did not affect the height of a histamine-induced rise in blood pressure in their case, but abolished the symptoms, such as headache, pallor, and sweating, which were associated with the rise.In our case 25 mg. of chlorpromazine was given intramuscularly to the patient in the supine position.It produced a fall-in blood pressure to normotensive levels which lasted for 41 hours (Fig. 4).There was no significant fall in the blood pressure when chlorpromazine was given in the same dosage under the same conditions after the operation (Fig. 5).This suggests that chlorpromazine has a powerful adrenolytic and noradrenolytic action in-the human subject, and that it may be used as an alternative to phentolamine in the premedication of patients before operative removal of a phaeochromo- cytoma.Dundee (1954) used chlorpromazine intramuscularly for this purpose, and found that, although it did not com- pletely prevent a rise in blood pressure during positioning the patient on the operating table, it was very effective in preventing a hypertensive attack during handling of the tumour. SummaryA case of phaeochromocytoma is described which showed sustained hypertension, increased metabolism, impaired dextrose tolerance, polyuria, and albuminuria.These findings became normal after removal of the tumour.The use of phentolamine in the diagnosis and operative management and the effect of reserpine and chlorpromazine on the blood pressure are described.Our thanks are due to Dr.
Decreased contractility of the ductus arteriosus in experimental pulmonic stenosis.
Authors: L Mahony, R I Clyman, M A Heymann
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Delayed closure of the ductus arteriosus after birth has been observed in newborn infants with critical pulmonic stenosis and in newborn lambs with experimental pulmonic stenosis. This delayed ductal closure may be caused by a decreased ability of the muscle to contract when exposed to oxygen or to an increased production of or sensitivity to prostaglandin (PG) E2, the endogenous ductus arteriosus vasodilator. To determine whether the abnormal hemodynamic pattern during fetal life associated with pulmonic stenosis alters the responsiveness of the ductus arteriosus, we operated on 10 fetal lambs of gestational ages 70 to 77 days (term is 148 days) and placed a band around the pulmonary artery. Catheterization at 137 to 142 days showed severe pulmonic stenosis. We then studied isolated rings of ductus arteriosus from these lambs. The oxygen-induced increase in tension in rings of ductus arteriosus from lambs with pulmonic stenosis was significantly decreased (2.55 +/- 0.38; n = 10) compared with rings from control lambs (4.03 +/- 0.51; n = 6, p less than .03). There was no difference between the two groups in either the amount of PGE2 released by the rings or in the sensitivity (expressed as median effective dose) of the rings to PGE2. There was also no difference in the increase in tension when endogenous PGE2 was inhibited by indomethacin. We conclude that delayed closure of the ductus arteriosus in lambs with experimental pulmonic stenosis is not caused by increased sensitivity to or production of PGE2 in the ductus arteriosus (as it is in premature lambs) but rather is the result of a diminished ability of the ductus arteriosus to contract when exposed to oxygen.
Welcome to the Genomic Era
Authors: Alan E. Guttmacher, Francis S. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To him who devotes his life to science, nothing can give more happiness than increasing the number of discoveries, but his cup of joy is full when the results of his studies immediately find practical applications. — Louis Pasteur This issue of the Journal includes the last installment in a monthly series on genomic medicine that began in November 2002.1–11 The series has focused on the ways in which the rapidly appearing tools of genomics have already begun to change the practice of medicine. In this issue, for instance, Burke explores how genomics has started to improve our understanding . . .
Persistent Diffuse Lymphadenopathy in Homosexual Men: Endpoint or Prodrome?
Authors: DONALD I. ABRAMS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Seventy homosexual men with unexplained persistent diffuse lymphadenopathy enrolled in a prospective natural history study from November 1981 to November 1982. These men had demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings similar to those of homosexual patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pathologic examination of lymph node biopsies from 35 patients showed florid follicular hyperplasia. Despite benign reactive pathologic findings, most patients had constitutional symptoms and recurrent non-life-threatening infections. All had evidence of immune dysfunction with B-lymphocyte activation and inversion of the T-lymphocyte helper: suppressor ratio. To date, none of our patients has developed the more malignant manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The lymphadenopathy syndrome may be an alternative phenotypic response to the "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome agent."
Activity in later life
Authors: Archie Young, Susie Dinan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Regular physical activity brings important health benefits at any age.Its importance for health in old age is highlighted repeatedly in the English national service framework for older people.Any potential hazards can be reduced by education and guidance of participants. Prevention of diseaseRegular physical activity helps prevent conditions important in "old age," notably osteoporosis, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and perhaps some cancers, specifically colon cancer.
Amphetamines: A Dangerous Illusion
Authors: GEORGE R. EDISON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Amphetamines are among the most dangerous of currently abused psychoactive drugs. They cause dependence, behavioral toxicity, and physical damage. Despite their extensive medical use, the evidence suggests they are ineffective or minimally effective in most of the conditions for which they are prescribed. Their widespread use in medical practice is more likely the result of the euphoria and the dependence they induce than of any significant clinical results. This paradox, presented by the legality of amphetamine use, compounds the difficulty of treating youthful drug abusers and educating potential abusers. The following recommendations are urged: prescription of these drugs should, with few exceptions, cease; and production should be sharply curtailed and probably be limited to one or two pharmaceutical companies.
Instrumental perforation of the oesophagus into the pericardial cavity.
Authors: U R Nair
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Instrumental perforation of the oesophagus is a rare but well known complication of endoscopy, which is more common with the rigid instrument.' Associated perforation of the pericardial sac is an even rarer and potentially fatal condition.We report in this paper the successful management of such a case. Case reportA 66 year old man with no previous oesophageal symptoms developed acute dysphagia and vomiting shortly after a large meal.About 16 hours later a large piece of meat was removed from the oesophagus at the 30 cm level under gen- eral anaesthesia through a rigid oesophagoscope.The surgeon who performed the endoscopy explored the distal oesophagus for strictures and noticed that the oesophagoscope would not pass beyond 40cm.A few hours later the patient developed moderately intense chest pain and surgical emphysema of the lower neck.He was given penicillin and gentamicin intravenously and transferred to the Regional Cardiothoracic Centre for further management.The patient had a heart rate of 105 beats/min and a Fig I Chest radiograph showing pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN 30-DAY READMISSION RISK IN YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Rachel P. Dreyer, Isuru Ranasinghe, Kumar Dharmarajan, Yongfei Wang, Angela Hsieh, Susannah Bernheim, Harlan Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Recombinant AAV as a Platform for Translating the Therapeutic Potential of RNA Interference
Authors: Florie Borel, Mark A Kay, Christian Mueller
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

RNA interference has become a ubiquitous biological tool, and is being harnessed for therapeutic purposes as well. Therapeutic posttranscriptional gene silencing takes advantage of the endogenous RNAi pathway through delivery of either chemically synthesized siRNAs, or transgenes expressing hairpin-based inhibitory RNAs (e.g., shRNAs and artificial miRNAs). RNAi has expanded the field of viral gene therapy from gene replacement to gene knockdown. Here, we review various noncoding RNAs such as shRNAs, miRNAs, and miRNA decoys which can be utilized for therapeutic applications when expressed from recombinant adeno-associated vectors (AAV), and present examples of their basic design. In addition the basis of exploiting cellular miRNA profiles for detargeting AAV expression from specific cells is described. Finally, an overview of AAV-mediated RNAi preclinical studies is presented, and current RNAi-based clinical trials are reviewed.
Patient's view
Authors: Douglas Lowdon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I agreed to my case being used because I hoped that it might assist doctors, and in particular remind them to think of the diagnosis of lymphoma, and so benefit future patients. It's quite humbling to think that doctors from every continent have read about my illness. My only negative comment about the responses is the number of doctors who referred to me as “old” or “elderly.” I am only 66 after all.

After weeks of suffering with breathlessness, I finally decided to trouble my doctor when I could not play with the grandchildren. When Dr Ogilvie …
Re: Cheryl T. Lee, Sam S. Chang, Ashish M. Kamat, et al. Alvimopan Accelerates Gastrointestinal Recovery After Radical Cystectomy: A Multicenter Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Eur Urol 2014;66:265–72
Authors: Santosh Kumar, Aditya Prakash Sharma
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Skin Manifestations of Malignant Disease
Authors: L. Forman
Journal: BMJ (1952)

HETRAZANBDIcT5= 911 including filariasis, in Keneba, a village of 710 population in the West Kiang District of the Gambia Protectorate.A preliminary survey showed that of 603 persons present 220 carried microfilariae of W. bancrofti and 203 carried microfilariae of A. perstans.Treatment was directed primarily against W. bancrofti.Hetrazan, in five daily doses of 5 mg.base per kg. of body weight, was administered to 181 villagers in February, 1951.Of these, 69 had microfilariae of A. perstans as well as of W. bancrofti.Re-examination ten months after treatment showed that 64% of those treated were free of mnicrofilariae of W. bancrofti, and that the total microfilariae in all those originally found infected had been reduced by 94%.Microfilariae of A. perstans had been eliminated from the blood of 72% of those treated, with a 92% reduction of total load; in untreated persons the micro- filariae of A. perstans had disappeared spontaneously in 32°%, but the total microfilaria count had increased by 49%.Unpleasant side-effects attributed to hetrazan were spontaneously reported by one-quarter of those treated.These disorders were common and severe enough to make the drug very unpopular, and it was only with great difficulty that the trial was completed, in spite of the exceptionally favourable circumstances in which it had been started.The conclusion was reached that, in spite of the very high therapeutic efficacy of hetrazan, its common toxic effects and high cost are disadvantages which seriously prejudice the chances of its successful use for mass treatment in areas, such as this, where filarial sequelae are rare and the people have no consciousness or fear of the disease.We gratefully acknowledge our indebtedness to
Enhanced Susceptibility for Acquired Torsade de Pointes Arrhythmias in the Dog With Chronic, Complete AV Block Is Related to Cardiac Hypertrophy and Electrical Remodeling
Authors: M. A. Vos, S. H. M. de Groot, S. C. Verduyn, J. van der Zande, H. D. M. Leunissen, J. P. M. Cleutjens, M. van Bilsen, M. J. A. P. Daemen, J. J. Schreuder, M. A. Allessie, H. J. J. Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Chronic, complete AV block (CAVB) in the dog leads to ventricular hypertrophy, which has been described as an independent risk factor for arrhythmias. In this model, we examined (1) whether the short- and long-term electrical adaptations predispose to acquired torsade de pointes arrhythmias (TdP) and (2) the nature of the structural and functional adaptations involved. Methods and Results —We determined (1) endocardial right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular APD, ΔAPD (LV APD−RV APD), presence of EADs at 0 weeks (acute: AAVB), and CAVB (6 weeks) and inducibility of TdP by pacing and d -sotalol (n=10); (2) steady-state and dynamic LV hemodynamics at 0 and 6 weeks (n=6); (3) plasma neurohumoral levels in time (n=7); (4) structural parameters of the LV and RV of CAVB dogs (n=6) compared with sinus rhythm (SR) dogs (n=6); and (5) expression of ventricular mRNA atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in CAVB (n=4) and SR (n=4) dogs. Compared with AAVB, CAVB led to nonhomogeneous prolongation of LV and RV APD and different sensitivity for d -sotalol, leading to EADs (4 of 14 versus 9 of 18, P &lt;0.05), increased ΔAPD (45±30 versus 125±60 ms, P &lt;0.05), and induction of TdP in most dogs (0% versus 60%, P &lt;0.05). CAVB led to biventricular hypertrophy, whereas LV function was similar in AAVB and CAVB. The neurohumoral levels were transiently elevated. The LV and RV collagen and the capillary/fiber ratio remained normal, whereas ventricular ANF mRNA was not detectable. Conclusions —The electrical remodeling occurring after CAVB predisposes the heart to acquired TdP, whereas the structural changes (hypertrophy) are successfully aimed at maintaining cardiac function.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis in the 1990s
Authors: WW Yew, CH Chau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

There has been an upsurge of tuberculosis in many parts of the world in the past decade. The high rates of drug-resistant tuberculosis currently reported in many countries are alarming. The most catastrophic phenomenon is the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These organisms have caused epidemic outbreaks in nosocomial and health-care settings in the USA and some European countries. In addition to immigration, poverty, alcoholism and intravenous substance abuse, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has also had a significant impact on the prevalence of drug resistance, since amongst these patient groups a common factor giving rise to drug resistance is noncompliance. Rapid drug susceptibility tests are needed, and effective chemotherapy regimens with newly developed drugs in combination with traditional second-line antituberculosis agents for established multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are urgently being sought. There is also a quest for other novel modalities of therapy. Measures should be actively adopted to prevent the development of drug resistance. Well formulated short-course chemotherapy as initial treatment and ensurance of compliance are the most important components. The organization of a national tuberculosis control programme with a sound and adequately functioning infrastructure remains the most effective strategy to combat the resurgence of tuberculosis and to curtail drug resistance.
Abstract CT407: Phase I study of preoperative continuous 5-fu and sorafenib with external radiation therapy in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Richard Kim, Kun Jiang, Xiuhua Zhao, Dung-Tsa Chen, Tiffany Campos, Sara Hoffe, Ravi Shridhar, David Shibata
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Preoperative treatment with fluoropyrimidine-based chemoradiotherapy is considered standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer( T3, T4 or N1). Sorafenib is an inhibitor of ras/raf, PDFGR and VEGFR with synergistic activity with radiation. The phase I trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of sorafenib in combination with infusional 5-FU and radiation Methods: Patients with stage II or III patients confirmed by EUS and CT scan were recruited in cohorts of 3 patients per dose level (DL). A 3+3 dose escalation design was used. On all dose levels RT was given in 25 fractions at 1.8Gy (45Gy) day 1- 5. Surgery was done 6-10 weeks after the completion of neoadjuvant treatment. Results: At Moffitt Cancer we enrolled 12 patients in 4 cohorts. 8 females(67%) and 4 males(33%); Median age is 55(range: 40-72). After observing toxicity in first cohort ( 2 pts with with G2 and G3 skin toxicity and 1 pt with G2 mucositis) which required dose interruptions, amendment was made to change the schedule of chemotherapy and sorafenib to days 1-5 instead of daily. After the amendment, hypertension was the only grade III toxicity observed. 2 patients had G3 hypertension at 200mg adjusted dose(day1-5); 1 patient had G3 hypertension at 400 mg PO BID dose level and no grade IV toxicities were seen. No perioperative complications related to the study drugs were seen. 2 patients never went to surgery due to patient refusal. KRAS testing information was available on 10 patients. pCR rate was 30 % and downstaging was observed in 80% of the patients. pCR was 50% in patients with Kras mutant tumors ( 2/4 pts) Conclusion: After changing the schedule of the chemotherapy, the regimen was very well tolerated. pCR and downstaging rate of the tumor seems to be encouraging. Plan is to open up an expansion cohort at DL3 to gather more safety and efficacy data. Schedule of sorafenib dose escalationDose level ( 3 patients each)Sorafenib5-FU infusion Rate (mg/m2/24hrsDL 1 before amendment200mg PO QD225 on day 1-7 for 5½ weeksDL 1 after amendment200mg PO QD( Day1-5)225 on day 1-5 for 5½ weeksDL 2 after amendment400mg PO QD( Day1-5)225 on day 1-5 for 5½ weeksDL 3 after amendment400mg PO BID( Day1-5)225 on day 1-5 for 5½ weeks Citation Format: Richard Kim, Kun Jiang, Xiuhua Zhao, Dung-Tsa Chen, Tiffany Campos, Sara Hoffe, Ravi Shridhar, David Shibata. Phase I study of preoperative continuous 5-fu and sorafenib with external radiation therapy in locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT407. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT407
Severe gouty arthritis refractory to anti-inflammatory drugs: treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor as a new therapeutic option
Authors: A K Tausche
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

We report the case of a 53 year old man with a history of gouty arthritis extending over several years. He had had an acute kidney failure 2 years previously because of nephrolithiasis with urate calculi.

At the first consultation the patient had severe painful gouty arthritis (three to four attacks a week) of the joints of the big toes, the ankle joints, and different finger joints as well as in joints of the hands, shoulders, and knees. In addition to the polyarticular joint manifestation, multiple gouty tophi were present in the subcutaneous tissue (fig 1).



 Figure 1  
 Clinical image of the right foot showing gouty arthritis with extreme swelling, erythema, and tophi.



The medical history of the patient showed he had arterial hypertension and hypertriglyceridaemia. He consumed 20–25 units of alcohol weekly. …
Endoscopic Appearance of Dysplasia in Ulcerative Colitis and the Role of Staining
Authors: M. Rutter, C. Bernstein, T. Matsumoto, R. Kiesslich, M. Neurath
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Patients with longstanding extensive ulcerative colitis are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended by most authorities in an attempt to reduce the associated mortality. Surveillance relies on the detection of premalignant dysplastic tissue, and where dysplasia is detected, proctocolectomy has historically been and currently remains the management of choice, although there is increasing evidence that adenoma-like dysplastic lesions may safely be resected endoscopically.
Is there an epidemic of admissions for surgical treatment of dental abscesses in the UK?
Authors: Steven J Thomas, Charlotte Atkinson, Ceri Hughes, Peter Revington, Andrew R Ness
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Steven J Thomas and colleagues</b> think that recent changes in dental care provision have led to increased numbers of hospital admissions for dental abscess, and they suggest that access to routine and emergency dental care needs to be reviewed
Early Gallbladder Visualization during Tc-99m RBC Scintigraphy
Authors: PAMELA CASLOWITZ, DWIGHT M ACHONG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Gallbladder visualization has been described during delayed Tc-99m RBC blood pool imaging in patients with some combination of anemia, renal disease, and multiple recent blood transfusions. The authors present two cases of gallbladder activity that appeared 1 hour after the injection of Tc-99m RBCs in patients without renal or hematologic abnormalities.