tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE END-RESULTS OF COLLES'S FRACTURES
Authors: E. D. Grasby, S.-R. Trick
Journal: BMJ (1929)

THE following account is based on the examination of about 50 cases of Colles's fracture sustained at least two years previous to our examiniation, in an endeavour to ascertain the causes for the imperfect results that obtain from the ustial methods of treatment at present adopted.Our investigation was made on different lines from those of Edwards and Clayton, whose interesting analysis of 424 fractures of the lower end of the radius in adults appeers in the British MIedical Journal for January 12th (p.61), but we feel that this account may be of value, particularly when compared with theirs.In each case investigated the original x-ray plates were obtained when possible and the out-patient card traced.On re-examination the following observations were made:(1) Range of movement compared with the uninjured wrist.(2) Localized areas of tenderness. (3)Symptoms com- plained of by the patient.(4) Deformity.( 5) Functional result-patient's own opinion.The accompanying table, ilndicating the results in the first 20 cases, is quite typical.Table showving the End-results int Twventty Gases of Coles's Fracture Treated by the Usual Mlethods.
Two structurally distinct calcium storage sites in rat cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: an electron microprobe analysis study.
Authors: A O Jorgensen, R Broderick, A P Somlyo, A V Somlyo
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The elemental composition of subcellular organelles in resting rat papillary muscle was measured by electron probe x-ray microanalysis of cryosections of flash-frozen tissue. Nonmitochondrial electron-dense structures (50-100 nm in diameter) with a phosphorous concentration larger than 375 mmol/kg dry wt were identified in the interfibrillar spaces of the I band region. They were not visible in the proximity of transverse tubules. The sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and potassium content of the electron dense structures showed a normal distribution, consistent with a uniform composition of a specific subcellular organelle. However, the distribution of the calcium concentrations in these electron-dense structures was bimodal, suggesting that they are composed of at least two subpopulations. One subpopulation had relatively high calcium (up to 53 mmol/kg dry wt) content with a mean value of 12.5 +/- 1.1 mmol/kg dry wt, while the other one had a relatively low calcium content with a mean value of 2.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt. The mean calcium concentration in the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (j-SR) in rat papillary muscle with calcium concentrations larger than 6 mmol/kg dry wt was 14.6 +/- 2.0 mmol/kg dry wt. We propose that the electron-dense structures described above correspond to nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum and that the population containing relatively high calcium concentrations is calsequestrin-containing corbular sarcoplasmic reticulum (c-SR) confined to the I band region, while the population containing relatively low calcium concentrations corresponds to anastomosing regions of the network sarcoplasmic reticulum that lack calsequestrin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In vitro toxicity of hydrogen peroxide against normal vs. tumor rat hepatocytes: Role of catalase and of the glutathione redox cycle
Authors: Philippe Mavier, Bernard Guigui, Anne-Marie Preaux, Jean Rosenbaum, Marie-Claude Lescs, Elie Serge Zafrani, Daniel Dhumeaux
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Hydrogen peroxide produced by stimulated phagocytic cells or during the metabolism of drugs, is toxic to various cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate its toxicity against normal vs. tumor rat hepatocytes. Isolated normal hepatocytes and tumor hepatocytes from three hepatocarcinoma cell lines, Fao, C2 (Faof1C2) and HTC, were incubated in the presence of a H2O2-generating system consisting of glucose and varied concentrations of glucose oxidase. The toxicity of H2O2 was quantified by measuring the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase activity released in the culture medium after various times of incubation. By comparison to normal hepatocytes, tumor hepatocytes exhibited an increased susceptibility to lysis by H2O2. At a concentration of 100 mU per ml, glucose oxidase induced a lactate dehydrogenase activity release of only 6.1 +/- 2.2% (mean +/- S.E.) from normal hepatocytes and of 71.0 +/- 2.9, 45.5 +/- 2.5 and 34.7 +/- 3.4% from Fao, C2 and HTC cells, respectively, after an 18-hr incubation. At a concentration of 10 mU per ml, glucose oxidase had no toxic effect to normal hepatocytes or HTC cells, whereas it induced a lactate dehydrogenase activity release of 58.7 +/- 7.6 and 51.2 +/- 5.6% from Fao and C2 cells, respectively. In addition, the time courses of lactate dehydrogenase activity release, studied with 500 mU per ml glucose oxidase, demonstrated that Fao cells, C2 cells and, to a lesser degree, HTC cells were lysed more rapidly than normal hepatocytes. The toxicity of glucose oxidase was suppressed by the addition of catalase, indicating that it was actually mediated by H2O2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Osseointegration of chitosan coated porous titanium alloy implant by reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway under diabetic conditions
Authors: Xiang Li, Xiang-Yu Ma, Ya-Fei Feng, Zhen-Sheng Ma, Jian Wang, Tian-Cheng Ma, Wei Qi, Wei Lei, Lin Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Some Problems of Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: R. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Many of us have been puzzled at some time or other by a patient suffering from insidious, persistent jaundice.The subject, often a middle-aged womap, volunteers the information that her urine has been dark, and, on questioning, she admits that the stools are sometimes pale.But there is no history of pain, chills, or fever, and no particular aversion to fats is apparent.Physical examination, too, may be uneventful.The patient is well nourished and active, displays no striking physical signs, although jaundice is obvious enough.However, enlargement of the liver and spleen comes to light in a certain proportion of cases and progresses as the jaundice continues.Laboratory investigation, too, dis- closes much bile pigment in the blood serum, a high serum alkaline phosphatase level, steatorrhoea, and maybe an increase in serum lipids, so that clearly some disturbance of bile excretion has caused the trouble.Nowadays liver puncture and direct microscopical examination of the organ confirms the diagnosis, and, armed with all of this information, surgical intervention is decided upon, for it now seems sure that the bile ducts are obstructed.Such proves to be the case in most instances, but every now and then we are con-
Diagnostic Tests for Lyme Disease-Reply
Authors: Michael D. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our article attempted to assess the interlaboratory and intralaboratory reliability of serological tests for Lyme disease. The two most commonly performed methods for these tests are indirect fluorescent antibody procedures and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.<sup>1</sup>Although one of these test methods reports titers from serial dilutions (eg, 1:128) and the other reports an optical density, the clinician usually is most interested in whether the laboratory is reporting the sample as "positive" or "negative." Thus, we disagree with Dr Gambino's contention that we "mix apples and oranges" in our article, as these two methods both report the presence (positive) or absence (negative) of antibody to<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>. We do not disagree that enzymelinked immunosorbent assays are probably a better test method; however, many laboratories, including those in state departments of health, commercial laboratories, and research laboratories, are still performing immunofluorescent antibody tests. Thus, it was important to consider this
Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Roy M. Pitkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Congenital heart disease as a complicating factor in pregnancy has assumed increasing clinical importance because improved techniques of surgical repair have resulted in a larger proportion of affected women living to the reproductive age. The most serious forms are those associated with pulmonary hypertension (such as the Eisenmenger syndrome), which carry a prohibitively high risk of maternal death. Complex forms of cyanotic heart disease, of which the commonest is the tetralogy of Fallot, are only slightly less dangerous. It has recently been recognized that children born to women with congenital heart disease are at increased risk of having cardiac defects; fetal echocardiography is therefore an important diagnostic test. Optimal care of the pregnant woman with congenital heart disease is best provided by a team consisting of internist-cardiologist, obstetrician-perinatologist, obstetric anesthesiologist, and ultrasonographer-echocardiographer.
Ventricular Resynchronization
Authors: Christophe Leclercq, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Circulation (2004)

ardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a new therapy that improves hemodynamics and symptoms in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). 1 In HF, ventricular dyssynchrony results most commonly from left bundle-branch block (LBBB).Resynchronization pacing can influence hemodynamics by improving mechanical synchrony both between and within the right and left ventricles, as well as by optimizing atrioventricular synchrony.Biventricular pacing devices, first implanted in 1994, were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2001.Currently available devices may also have defibrillation capacity.Much of the information regarding the clinical benefits of CRT derives from clinical trials 2-4 (Table ) that together demonstrate that CRT improves symptoms and exercise tolerance in medically treated patients with persistent, moderate to severe symptoms of HF; poor left ventricular (LV) function; and intraventricular conduction delay.The relatively few scenarios in which this modality has been studied make it possible to argue both for broadening and restricting the use of these devices until further trials are conducted.Here we review the proposed mechanisms of action, potential applicability, and cost impact of CRT of appropriately selected patients.
Jose A Socrates
Authors: L. Deliss
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Jose Antonio Socrates (“Doc Soc”) was born in 1948 in Ubay, Bohol, and grew up on the campus of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, where his parents were faculty members. He and his eight siblings spent their happy childhood years inside the prestigious campus in a humble, Spartan home made of “sawali” (woven split bamboo). Despite their poor and simple life, their hardworking parents instilled in them the value of sound work ethic and the importance of diligence and discipline in their studies. All nine children successfully completed their college education, with careers ranging from education to medical and paramedical professions.

Soc originally graduated from the University of the Philippines as a geologist. It was in the field of a geologist when he met an impoverished and ailing old man from a local village tribe in Isabela province in northern Luzon, who had insisted he was a doctor because he wore spectacles, that he started to wonder if he too (for his brother was already on the way to becoming one) could be a doctor. He returned to Manila and graduated in 1974. While at medical school he met and married Cecile, who was studying psychology. An early post was as prison medical officer in Iwahig, a huge open prison in Palawan. Then he left the country to join the United Nations as a volunteer in 1977 …
The DBY gene codes for an HLA-DQ5–restricted human male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen involved in graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Mario H. J. Vogt, Joost W. van den Muijsenberg, Els Goulmy, Eric Spierings, Petra Kluck, Michel G. Kester, Ronald A. van Soest, Jan W. Drijfhout, Roel Willemze, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg
Journal: Blood (2002)
Compassionate Use of Continuous Prostacyclin in the Management of Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Case Series
Authors: Vallerie V. McLaughlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Treatment of patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension has been unsatisfactory.To describe exercise capacity, functional class, and hemodynamic variables after long-term intravenous infusion of prostacyclin in patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension.Case series.Academic referral center.33 patients with secondary, precapillary pulmonary hypertension (New York Heart Association class III or IV).Continuous intravenous prostacyclin administered by portable infusion pump on a compassionate-use basis.Functional class, treadmill time, and hemodynamic variables.Patients were followed for an average of 12.7 +/- 5.6 months. Exercise tolerance and New York Heart Association class improved in each patient. The duration of treadmill exercise increased from 186 seconds to 491 seconds, an increase of 305 seconds (95% CI, 194 to 417 seconds; P < 0.001). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 60 mm Hg to 46 mm Hg, a decrease of 14 mm Hg (CI, 9 to 19 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Cardiac output increased from 3.90 L/min to 6.30 L/min, an increase of 2.40 L/min (CI, 1.56 to 3.25 L/min; P < 0.001). The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 1143 dynes x s/cm5 to 575 dynes x s/cm5, a decrease of 567 dynes x s/cm5 (CI, 407 to 727 dynes x s/cm5; P < 0.001). Patients with collagen vascular disease, congenital heart disease, and portopulmonary hypertension were analyzed with other patients and separately. All groups had a statistically significant reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure and a statistically significant increase in cardiac output.Intravenous prostacyclin may be effective in the treatment of patients with certain types of secondary pulmonary hypertension.
Re: Microsatellite Instability and BRAF Mutation Testing in Colorectal Cancer Prognostication
Authors: C. Rosty, E. J. Williamson, M. Clendenning, R. J. Walters, M. D. Walsh, A. K. Win, M. A. Jenkins, J. L. Hopper, I. Winship, M. C. Southey, G. G. Giles, D. R. English, D. D. Buchanan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)
Transplantation of a lobe of lung from mother to child following previous transplantation with maternal bone marrow
Authors: UG Svendsen, S Aggestrup, C Heilmann, N Jacobsen, C Koch, B Larsen, A Svejgaard, B Thisted, G Petterson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

A left lower lobe of the lung was transplanted from a mother to her child, who had previously received a maternal bone marrow transplant for an immune defect. Following the bone marrow transplantation, the child had developed severe pulmonary fibrosis. Surgery and the early postoperative course have been uncomplicated. Immunosuppression with corticosteroids was administered for a short period, after which all immunosuppressive treatment was discontinued. The operation and the outcome are described both in the donor and recipient. Rehabilitation was slow, but one year later the patient is doing well.
Lactocepin as a protective microbial structure in the context of IBD
Authors: Gabriele Hörmannsperger, Marie-Anne von Schillde, Dirk Haller
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Probiotics have been shown to exert beneficial effects in the context of different diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, clinical use of probiotics is hampered by lack of understanding of the protective mechanisms and by safety concerns regarding the application of high numbers of live bacteria in patients. The identification of protective microbial structure-function relationships might enable to overcome these restraints and might lead to innovative therapies using the isolated active microbial structures. In our study, we aimed to characterize the protective mechanisms of VSL#3, a clinically relevant probiotic mixture in IBD. We found Lactobacillus casei/paracasei-produced lactocepin to selectively degrade pro-inflammatory chemokines, resulting in reduced immune cell infiltration and reduced inflammation in experimental IBD models. As immune cell recruitment is a major proinflammatory mechanism our findings suggest that lactocepin might be of broad therapeutic relevance in an array of inflammatory diseases like IBD, allergic skin inflammation and psoriasis.
MALIGNANT TUMOR OF THE TESTICLE.
Authors: DAVID L. WALMSLEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Two cases of this disease are reported inThe JournalFebruary 9 and March 30. I wish to add a third case: <h3>Patient.</h3> —On July 22, 1906, Mr. W., aged 40, married, one child, healthy up to the present, consulted me for the first time. <h3>History.</h3> —The case dates back to injury to the right testicle by a baseball during high-school days. Pain and swelling followed the injury, and atrophy followed the subsidence of the local symptoms. The left testicle was normal. The man became reconciled to his injury, and being fully developed in every respect, paid no further attention to the deformity until the beginning of July, 1906, when his attention was drawn to it by a feeling of fulness and slight uneasiness of the atrophied organ. His family history is good. I advised close watching of the parts. On September 20 I again examined the patient, finding the
F<scp>e</scp> <sub>NO</sub>: Relationship to Exhalation Rates and Online versus Bag Collection in Healthy Adolescents
Authors: NIRANJAN KISSOON, LAURIE J. DUCKWORTH, KATHRYN V. BLAKE, SUZANNE P. MURPHY, CHRISTOPHER L. TAYLOR, PHILIP E. SILKOFF
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (Fe NO) is a noninvasive and practical method for assessing airway inflammation. We conducted this investigation to determine the most appropriate flow rate for Fe NO measurement and to obtain normal values for Fe NO. We determined which expiratory flow was easy to sustain, generated reproducible values, and provided good correlation between offline and online measurements. Thirty-two healthy subjects (15– 18 yr old) underwent spirometry and Fe NO measurements, using a chemiluminescent NO analyzer at expiratory flow rates of 46, 31, 23, 15, 10, 7, 5, and 4 ml/s. The major findings were as follows: (1) Fe NO increased as flow rates decreased, with strong correlation between Fe NO values and flow rates at the four highest flows (0.85– 0.93, p < 0.001); (2) there were no significant differences and good agreement between offline bag and online Fe NO values for the four highest flows (p < 0.09–0.83); (3) online Fe NO values increased with age 15–17 yr at all flow rates, but decreased at age 18 yr; and (4) using multiple regression, significant predictors of Fe NO were flow, body surface area, age, and FEF25–75. On the basis of these results, we provide Fe NO values for healthy adolescents and propose that the ideal flow rate for children is between 30 and 50 ml/s.
Commitment to oncology.
Authors: J Walter
Journal: BMJ (1977)

conflict between medically qualified and non- medically qualified staff in hospital clinical laboratories.The statement on future staffing in medical laboratories published by the Institute of Medical Laboratory Sciences obviously approaches an emotive issue, as illustrated by the comments of the pathologists of the Trent Region (12 February, p 441) and those of Professor Whitby and his colleagues from Edinburgh (26 March, p 833).These comments indicate an overreaction and may inflame a controversy which in many parts of the country at present does not exist.Medical and paramedical staff, whatever their professional designation, must co-
The Prevention of Mental Illness in Primary Care
Authors: C. Dowrick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Tony Kendrick, Andre Tylee, Paul Freeling Cambridge University Press, £27.95, pp 398 ISBN 0 521 57648 2

The prevention of mental illness has much in common with the prevention of terrorism—it is a goal that is worth pursuing, to use T S Eliot's words, “not for the good that it will do, but that nothing may be left undone on the margins of the impossible.”

Kendrick and his colleagues have produced a volume that comes as close as is currently possible to …
Sharing raw data: another of Francis Galton's ideas
Authors: T. V. Perneger
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Francis Galton wrote in 1901, in the first issue of Biometrika : “I have begun to think that no one ought to publish biometric results, without lodging a well arranged and well bound manuscript copy of all his data, in some place where it should be accessible, under reasonable restrictions, to those who desire to verify his work.”1 …
Evidence for a Central Origin of the Low-Frequency Oscillation in RR-Interval Variability
Authors: Ryan L. Cooley, Nicola Montano, Chiara Cogliati, Philippe van de Borne, Wayne Richenbacher, Ron Oren, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Short-term variability of RR interval and blood pressure occurs predominantly at low frequency (LF; ≈0.1 Hz) and high frequency (≈0.25 Hz). The arterial baroreflex is thought to be the predominant determinant of the LF component of RR variability. Patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) have an attenuated or absent LF oscillation in RR variability. The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) offers a unique possibility for analysis of spectral oscillations in RR interval independent of any effects of blood pressure that influence these oscillations via the baroreflex. Methods and Results —We performed spectral analysis of RR, blood pressure, and respiration in 2 patients with CHF before and after LVAD implantation. LF components of the RR-interval and blood pressure variability were absent in both CHF patients before LVAD implantation. After LVAD implantation, spectral analysis of the RR interval showed restoration of a clear and predominant LF oscillation in the native hearts of both patients, with no such oscillation evident in the blood pressure profile. Conclusions —During total circulatory support with the LVAD, the LF oscillation in RR interval of the native heart, absent in CHF, is restored. This LF oscillation in RR interval occurs in the absence of LF oscillations in blood pressure and thus is unlikely to be explained by baroreflex mechanisms. Hence, the absence of LF oscillation in the RR interval in CHF is functional and is reversible by LVAD circulation. The presence of a predominant LF oscillation in RR interval independent of any oscillation in blood pressure suggests that the LF oscillation is a fundamental property of central autonomic outflow.