tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US Institute of Medicine urges fitness standards for young people
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A committee of the US Institute of Medicine has recommended national standards for evaluating health related physical fitness in young people.1 The recommendation marks an ongoing evolution away from performance alone to an approach that ties short term measures of fitness to long term health.

“Since the first national fitness test in the 1950s, there has been an ongoing and sometimes animated debate about what the tests to measure fitness should be,” said Russell Pate, a professor at the University of South Carolina who chaired the committee that wrote the report.

“This has been in …
The Harveian Oration on HARVEY: THE MAN, HIS METHOD, AND HIS MESSAGE FOR US TO-DAY
Authors: R. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1931)

PIIYSICIAN TO THIE LONDON HOSPITAL Equal to his love of truth and his reverence for Nature was his charity, using the word in the scriptural sense.In the short time at my disposal I propose to direct Of no man can it more truly be said that he envied not, attention to some aspects of Harvey's character and per-vaunted not himself, was Inot puffed up." Whilst I think sonality, to the intellectual atmosphere in which his great the industry of everyone deserving of commeindation," he discovery came to birth, and to the message which he lhas says, " I do not renmember that I have anywhere bepraised for our own day.my own."He did not " behave himself unseemly," for,The main biographical facts of Harvey's life are well as WVillis pointed out, all his public actions known to us known to everyone here, and Sir Wilmot Herringham, in his were marked not only by propriety but by grace, and it fasciniating Oration two years ago, gave us some interest-was as true of him as it was of his royal master on the ing details about the Harvey family.When all is said and scaffold, that he " nothing common did nor mean."He done, however, we really do not know very much about sought not his own and was not easily provoked.Even him, for, as Sir WVilmot said, Harvey had a singular when his papers and scientific records were destroyed by capacity for slipping through life unnoticed.We do not the mob-which he says was the worst crucifixion he even know whether he attained that happiniess at home ever had to endure-his only comment is: " Let which, according to Dr. Johnson, is the ultimate resvllt gentle minds forgive me, if, recalling the irreparable of all ambition; for he was childless, and Mrs. Harvey is injuries I have suffered, I here give vent to a sigh."only a shadowy figure in the background of his life.It is Finally, he thought no evil (" to return evil speakinga pity that he had no Boswell.If he had, we should nlot with evil speaking I hold to be unworthy of a philo- only have known many more details of his walk and sopher," he said), but, as we have seen, rejoiced in the conversation, but we should have had more of his preg-Truth.nant sayings, such as those recorded by Aubrey: " that nimagination, if by that we mean the creative faculty man is but a great mischievous baboon," and " that the of the mind whereby it moves outside experience, was not Europeans know not how to or(ler or governi their women, so conspicuous in Harvey as it has been in many famous but that the Turks are the only people who use them discoverers.The De Motu shows little of it.His argu- wisely," and of those obiter dicta scattered throughout his ment in that great book proceeds forward, almost in writiins-" Many things are discovered by accident pedestrian fashion, from position to position, till at last Men were first let to cultivate philosophy by wonidering he is drien, as it were against himself, to see the truth at wlhat they saw," and so forth.As it is, we might say anid his other book, the De Generatione, shows fancy
Revised (1972-1973) Bivalent Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A new (1972-1973), more potent inactivated influenza vaccine was evaluated for acceptability and effectiveness in stimulating serum and nasal antibodies. The vaccine contained 700 chick cell agglutination (CCA) units of A<sub>2</sub>Hong Kong antigen and 300 CCA units of B antigen (B/Mass/71). Injection of the vaccine into 100 middle-aged and elderly volunteers was well tolerated and effective in stimulating serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and nasal neutralizing antibody to the A<sub>2</sub>component. All men with undetectable serum HI titers of &lt;10 and 62% of men with serum HI titers of ≤ 160 had serum antibody responses. A direct correlation between serum HI antibody titers and nasal neutralizing antibody titers was demonstrated. All men with ≥ 16-fold serum rise had ≥ 4-fold nasal antibody rises. Since both serum and nasal antibodies may have protective roles, influenza vaccines should induce high titers of both systemic and local antibodies.
Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: Revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites
Authors: Paolo Angeli, Pere Ginès, Florence Wong, Mauro Bernardi, Thomas D. Boyer, Alexander Gerbes, Richard Moreau, Rajiv Jalan, Shiv K. Sarin, Salvatore Piano, Kevin Moore, Samuel S. Lee, Francois Durand, Francesco Salerno, Paolo Caraceni, W. Ray Kim, Vicente Arroyo, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The traditional diagnostic criteria of renal failure in these patients were proposed in 19961 and have been refined in subsequent years.2 According to these criteria, ARF is defined as an increase in serum creatinine (sCr) of ≥50% from baseline to a final value >1.5 mg/dL (133 µmol/L). However, the threshold value of 1.5 mg/dL (133 µmol/L) sCr to define renal failure in patients with decompensated cirrhosis has been challenged.3 ,4 In addition, the timeframe to distinguish acute from chronic renal failure has not been clearly identified, the only exception being type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Meanwhile, new definitions for ARF, now termed acute kidney injury (AKI), have been proposed and validated in patients without cirrhosis.5–7 Recently these new criteria were also proposed and applied in the diagnosis of AKI in patients with cirrhosis.3 ,8–15 Thus, in December 2012, the International Club of Ascites (ICA) organised a consensus development meeting in Venice, Italy, in order to reach a new definition of AKI in patients with cirrhosis. The discussion among the experts continued thereafter for 2 years, both online and through several meetings, between those experts who had different positions on crucial points on the subject. This paper reports the scientific evidence supporting the final proposal of a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this condition, on which the experts agreed.

AKI is defined as an acute significant reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). sCr remains the most practical biomarker of renal function in patients with ARF (with or without cirrhosis). However, sCr as a biomarker of renal function has many limitations in clinical practice since it is influenced by bodyweight, race, age, and gender. The use of sCr in patients with cirrhosis is …
The Jab1/COP9 signalosome subcomplex is a downstream mediator of Bcr-Abl kinase activity and facilitates cell-cycle progression
Authors: Kiichiro Tomoda, Jun-ya Kato, Eiji Tatsumi, Takayuki Takahashi, Yoshinobu Matsuo, Noriko Yoneda-Kato
Journal: Blood (2004)

Jab1 is a multifunctional protein associated with the signaling pathway, cell-cycle regulation, and development, and acts as a key subunit of COP9 signalosome (CSN). Jab1 promotes degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) by transportation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. However, there has been no clear evidence for whether and how Jab1 contributes to malignant transformation in human cancers. Here we show that Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase facilitates the down-regulation of p27 by modulating complex formation of Jab1/CSN through the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase signaling pathways. Nearly half of the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines and the murine hematopoietic precursor cells expressing Bcr-Abl exhibited a marked increase in the small loose Jab1 complex located in the cytoplasm. Inhibition of Bcr-Abl kinase by STI571 induced G1 arrest and caused a recovery of the p27 level with reduction of the small Jab1 complex from the cytoplasm. Either blockade of the MAP kinase and PI3 kinase pathways by specific inhibitors or Jab1 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) prevented p27 down-regulation as well as formation of the small complex. Thus, regulation of p27 via modulation of the Jab1 subcomplex is a novel mechanism whereby Bcr-Abl oncogenic signals accelerate abnormal cell proliferation.
Racial discrimination in the allocation of distinction awards? Analysis of list of award holders by type of award, specialty and region
Authors: A. Esmail, S. Everington, H. Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1998)

for the diligent way they did the case note abstraction; to Julian Smith for constructing and managing the database and for programming the portable computers used to collect this information; and to Susan Fritz for collecting information on policy with regard to vitamin K prophylaxis across the region and for locating the whereabouts of many of the obstetric and neonatal case notes.We are grateful to the staff of all the hospital medical records departments for facilitating access to records and to clinical colleagues, active and retired, for information on vitamin K policy.We thank Drs Olsen and Roman and Professors Golding and von Kries for providing data, and those responsible for the current national case-control study of childhood cancer for access to their data abstraction form, from which the form used in this study was developed.Copies of the full study report, as submitted to the Department of Health in May 1996, are available from the corresponding author in request.Contributors: AWC initiated the study and coordinated the design of the
DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY OR APIXABAN IN PATIENTS INELIGIBLE FOR VITAMIN-K ANTAGONISTS FOR STROKE PREVENTION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: LESSONS FROM THE RECENT ASPIRIN-CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Jeroen Jaspers Focks, Marc A. Brouwer, Freek W.A. Verheugt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The application of 2-NBDG as a fluorescent tracer for assessing hepatic glucose production in mice during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp
Authors: Shuainan Liu, Quan Liu, Sujuan Sun, Qian Jiang, Jun Peng, Zhufang Shen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Methods of performing insulin clamps vary between laboratories. Here we present a protocol of insulin clamping in conscious mice, with the significant advantage of avoiding multiple surgical catheterizations and non-physiologic metabolism during the induction of anesthesia. Using this technique we also established a new method for measuring hepatic glucose production (HGP) using a fluorescent d-glucose analog, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG). To prove the reliability and feasibility of this method, whole-body insulin sensitivity was compared between conscious normal ICR mice and diabetic KKAy mice using the insulin clamp. Basal and clamp HGP was compared between normal C57 mice and diabetic db/db mice by using the modified clamp with 2-NBDG as a tracer. The glucose infusion rate (GIR), an index of insulin sensitivity, was significantly lower in KKAy mice than normal ICR mice (6.2±1.3 mg/kg/min vs. 31.3±2.9 mg/kg/min, P<0.001). The db/db mice also showed higher basal hepatic glucose production (25.8±2.2 mg/kg/min vs. 16.7±2.5 mg/kg/min, P<0.05), higher clamp HGP after insulin suppression (7.3±1.0 mg/kg/min vs. 0 mg/kg/min, P<0.001), and lower GIR (71.6±2.8 mg/kg/min vs. 15.2±1.6 mg/kg/min, P<0.001) than that obtained with normal C57 mice. In conclusion, this is the first report of the application of 2-NBDG, rather than isotopic tracers, for the determination of HGP in vivo.
Tumoral Calcinosis Demonstrated on Tc-99m Sestamibi Scintigraphy
Authors: Chih-Yung Chang, Cheng-Yi Cheng, Daniel H. Y. Shen, Chien-Yu Bai, Li-Fan Lin, Wen-Sheng Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 61-year-old uremic male under hemodialysis underwent Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy due to suspicious secondary hyperparathyroidism. The images showed increased uptake in the right forearm, left shoulder, right knee and, to a lesser extent, in the left hip and the right thigh. Subsequent Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy and x-ray studies revealed intense extraosseous uptake and calcified masses in areas corresponding to those found in Tc-99m sestamibi scintigraphy, suggesting tumoral calcinoses. We demonstrate the rare case in which Tc-99m sestamibi was taken up by tumoral calcinoses.
Activation of the Non-canonical Nf-kb Pathway by CTLA4-Ig Potentiates the Beneficial Effects of Specific Immunotherapy in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma
Authors: H. Maazi, S. Shirinbak, Y.A. Taher, M.C. Nawijn, A.J.M. van Oosterhout
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Hallucinations and perceptual inference
Authors: Karl J. Friston
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

This commentary takes a closer look at how “constructive models of subjective perception,” referred to by Collerton et al. (sect. 2), might contribute to the Perception and Attention Deficit (PAD) model. It focuses on the neuronal mechanisms that could mediate hallucinations, or false inference – in particular, the role of cholinergic systems in encoding uncertainty in the context of hierarchical Bayesian models of perceptual inference (Friston 2002b; Yu &amp; Dayan 2002).
"Reactivation" of Tc-99m MDP Uptake in Heterotopic Bone
Authors: JOHN A. VENTO, JOHN J. SZIKLAS, RICHARD P. SPENCER, RONALD J. ROSENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Heterotopic bone in the left femoral head area showed progressive decrease in Tc-99m MDP uptake, only to reveal increased uptake at a later date.
Virus Heading South
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Active Compression-Decompression CPR vs Standard CPR in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Two Cities
Authors: Theresa M. Schwab
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare the effectiveness of active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a handheld suction device vs standard manual CPR in victims of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective randomized clinical trial with crossover group design. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Emergency medical services (EMS) of a large (San Francisco) and medium-sized (Fresno) city in California. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All normothermic adult victims of out-of-hospital, nontraumatic cardiac arrest on whom CPR was performed by first responders. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Patients were randomized to receive either standard manual CPR according to American Heart Association guidelines or ACD CPR, on first-responder contact. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Return of spontaneous circulation, admission to the intensive care unit, survival to hospital discharge, and neurological function at hospital discharge. <h3>Results.</h3> —The ACD group (n=117 in Fresno; n=297 in San Francisco) and standard group (n=136 in Fresno; n=310 in San Francisco) were similar with regard to demographic and prognostic variables, such as age, witnessed arrest and bystander CPR frequency, and initial cardiac rhythm. Average interval from 911 call activation to EMS responder arrival was 6.4 minutes in Fresno and 4.0 minutes in San Francisco. In Fresno, there was no difference between the ACD group and standard CPR group in return of spontaneous circulation (17% vs 20%;<i>P</i>=.68), hospital admission (16% vs 20%;<i>P</i>=.56), hospital discharge (5% vs 7%;<i>P</i>=.64), or cerebral performance category score at discharge (1.5 vs 1.6;<i>P</i>=.90). Similarly, in San Francisco there was no difference between the ACD group and standard CPR group in return of spontaneous circulation (19% vs 21%;<i>P</i>=.65), hospital admission (13.5% vs 14.5%;<i>P</i>=.79), hospital discharge (4.7% vs 5.5%;<i>P</i>=.80), or cerebral performance category score at discharge (2.2 vs 2.6;<i>P</i>=.31). There was no increase in significant complications associated with the use of ACD CPR. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —There was no improvement in outcome with ACD CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in these two cities. Differences in study design, demographics, EMS systems, response intervals, training, and technique performance may contribute to the lack of improvement in initial resuscitation with ACD CPR compared with previous studies. Future research needs to control these variables to determine the reason for these differences in outcome. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1261-1268)
Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with glomerular filtration rates in living kidney donors
Authors: Emilio D. Poggio, Andrew D. Rule, Roberto Tanchanco, Susana Arrigain, Robert S. Butler, Titte Srinivas, Brian R. Stephany, Kathryn H. Meyer, Saul Nurko, Richard A. Fatica, Daniel A. Shoskes, Venkatesh Krishnamurthi, David A. Goldfarb, Inderbir Gill, Martin J. Schreiber
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Relation of diagnostic serum amylase levels to aetiology and severity of acute pancreatitis.
Authors: M Winslet, C Hall, N J London, J P Neoptolemos
Journal: Gut (1992)

The sensitivity of diagnostic serum amylase (greater than 1000 iu/l) was assessed in 417 patients with acute pancreatitis as a result of gall stones (258), alcohol (104), or miscellaneous causes (55), of whom 111 (27%) had a clinically severe attack (including 34 deaths). On hospital admission, an amylase value diagnostic of pancreatitis was found in 96.1% of all mild cases and in 87.4% of severe cases (p less than 0.001); at 48 hours these values were 33.3% and 48.2% respectively (p = 0.026). Diagnostic amylase levels for alcoholic patients were found in 86% of mild cases on admission and in 76% of severe cases (p less than 0.001, compared with other groups). The diagnostic levels were also significantly lower at 24 hours for both the alcoholic and miscellaneous groups compared with the gall stone group (p less than 0.001). Eight of 27 (30%) patients with a serum amylase activity less than 1000 iu/l had pancreatic necrosis compared with 12 of the remaining 390 (3.1%) patients (p less than 0.001); the mortality was also significantly different (44% v 5.6% respectively, p less than 0.001). These data support the view that more sensitive tests for acute pancreatitis are needed for routine use especially in those whose disease has an alcoholic aetiology.
Sipple Syndrome and Pregnancy
Authors: Larry C. Gilstrap
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Sipple syndrome is an unusual entity during pregnancy. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of a pregnant patient with signs of Sipple syndrome. During pregnancy, this syndrome may present unusual complications, which require informed physician expertise for appropriate management. Our patient had a strong family history for Sipple syndrome, which is considered to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant. Thus, other family members, including the patient's offspring, must be assessed frequently during their lifetimes for any of the developing manifestations of this entity. Genetic counseling should be included in the management of all patients with Sipple syndrome. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1136-1137, 1976)
Leukotactic Dysfunction in Sarcoidosis
Authors: EUFRONIO G. MADERAZO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The leukotactic function of patients with sarcoidosis was studied. A defect was found in 19 of the 20 patients tested and was due to moderately elevated serum levels of the chemotactic factor inactivator. The chemotactic factor inactivator levels were not as high as those previously reported in patients with Hodgkin's disease or cirrhosis of the liver. The effect of the inactivator was irreversible and was directed toward all three of the chemotactic factors tested. The physicochemical characteristics of chemotactic factor inactivator in serum from sarcoid patients resembled in most respects the features of chemotactic factor inactivator in normal serum. As expected, the generation of chemotactic activity in some sarcoid serums by zymosan was impaired. The results of this study may relate to some of the reported defects in expression of cellular immunity in sarcoid patients.
CHANGES OF ALBUMIN URINARY EXCRETION PREDICT CARDIOVASCULAR AND MORTALITY RISK: A META-REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF 32 RANDOMIZED TRIALS IN 80,812 PATIENTS
Authors: Gianluigi Savarese, Alessandra Dei Cas, Bruno Trimarco, Stefania Paolillo, Francesca Musella, Susanna Mosca, Carmen D'Amore, Gennaro Galasso, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, Roberto Marchioli, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
B cell homeostasis and follicle confines are governed by fibroblastic reticular cells
Authors: Viviana Cremasco, Matthew C Woodruff, Lucas Onder, Jovana Cupovic, Janice M Nieves-Bonilla, Frank A Schildberg, Jonathan Chang, Floriana Cremasco, Christopher J Harvey, Kai Wucherpfennig, Burkhard Ludewig, Michael C Carroll, Shannon J Turley
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Sickness and Health
Authors: A. Emery
Journal: BMJ (2011)

By the time Sickness and Health was written Colin Douglas had already published eight other novels, mainly concerned with medical life in and around Edinburgh. Colin Douglas, a pseudonym of Colin Currie, was born in 1945, raised in Glasgow, and graduated in medicine in Edinburgh in 1970 and went on to become a consultant in geriatrics. His fame (some might say notoriety) was established with his hilarious first novel, The Houseman’s Tale , published in 1975, which became a highly acclaimed and popular BBC television serial ( BMJ 2011;343:d4593, doi:10.1136/bmj.d4593).

Sickness and Health is concerned with several medical families in Edinburgh. It starts in June 1979 with the …
Performance of pro-adrenomedullin for identifying adverse outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Pedro P. España, Alberto Capelastegui, Carmen Mar, Amaia Bilbao, José M. Quintana, Rosa Diez, Cristobal Esteban, Edurne Bereciartua, Unai Unanue, Ane Uranga
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)