tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mucosal-associated bacterial flora of the intestine in patients with Crohn's disease and in a control group
Authors: S. Peach, M. R. Lock, D. Katz, I. P. Todd, S. Tabaqchali
Journal: Gut (1978)

The bacterial flora intimately associated with the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease has been examined and compared with the mucosal flora of a control group. Specimens were obtained at operation from patients undergoing intestinal surgery. Whole thickness intestinal sections were taken from the diseased segment and from a portion of uninvolved intestine from patients with Crohn's disease as well as from a control group. A section of each specimen was examined histologically. Twenty-two specimens of Crohn's tissue (12 ileum, 10 colon) and 46 control samples from small and large bowel were examined using strictly anaerobic bacteriological techniques in an anaerobic chamber. Organisms were grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A mucosal flora was found to exist in all the large bowel samples and in three-quarters of the small bowel samples. It was qualitatively similar in all the samples, consisting mainly of Gram positive bacteria, aerobic Gram negative rods and bacteroides. Greater numbers of bacteria were associated with colonic tissue (10(7) - 10(8) per g) than with tissue from the jejunum (10(3) - 10(4) per g). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.03). Samples from the terminal ileum were quantitatively intermediate between jejunum and colon. There was no statistical difference in the numbers of bacteria associated with Crohn's tissue compared with histologically normal tissue from the same patients and from the control group of patients. Among the bacterial isolates, however, Enterobacteria were more commonly associated with Crohn's tissue.
Studies on an Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine
Authors: Samuel L. Katz, John F. Enders, Ann Holloway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE first vaccination trial employing attenuated measles virus propagated in cultures of chick-embryo cells (measles vaccine, attenuated, as defined in the first paper of this series) was carried out in a small group of institutionalized children. The clinical, virologic and immunologic data gathered during this initial study and over a subsequent observation period of eighteen months are presented in this report.Study GroupThe site of this trial was a state school for the mentally deficient operated by the Department of Mental Health of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and located in a suburb of Boston. The children resided in a . . .
Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Robert G. Luke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Each year in the United States end-stage renal disease develops in almost one person per 10,000 population. Patients with this disease must select a therapy to survive. Such patients have a variety of treatments from which to choose: in-center or home hemodialysis, intermittent peritoneal dialysis at home, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation from a cadaveric or living related donor. The possibility of a randomized prospective comparison of these treatments seems unlikely, since after receiving a full explanation of the alternatives, few patients would allow their choice to be determined randomly. We must, then, make do with nonprospective, nonrandomized comparisons, . . .
A Manual of Electroneuromyography
Authors: Alvin Glass
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This manual, as the authors state, is intended for instruction of students, house staff, and graduate fellows in the practical elements of electrodiagnostic and electroneuromyographic procedures. The first half is devoted to a general description of equipment, nerve-conduction studies, needle-electrode studies and electrodiagnosis (such as chronaxy and strength-duration curves). The remaining half of the manual then takes up case reports.  In describing the nerve-conduction studies, the authors illustrate a cumbersome technique for recording time intervals measured directly from the polaroid photograph with calipers. Almost all of the presentday electromyographic equipment incorporates digital counters which permit a direct readout of the time interval, obviating the need for measuring off the photograph. Indeed, one of the dilemmas in preparing a manual for print in a field such as electromyography is the constant change and improvement of instrumentation.  Though the bibliography at the end of the chapter on nerve-conduction studies is abundant, there
高血圧患者の中枢血液動態におけるロサルタンとカルベジロールの有効性を比較する無作為,非盲検,群間比較多施設試験
Authors: Kim Eung Ju, Seo Hong Seog, Song Woo Hyuk, Lee Jae Ung, Shin Mi-Seung, Lee Sahng, Kim Byung-Ok, Hong Kyung-Soon
Journal: Circulation (2011)
The Relationship between Dimensions of Alexithymia and Dissociation
Authors: H.-J. Grabe, S. Rainermann, C. Spitzer, M. Gänsicke, H.J. Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2000)

The study investigated the following hypotheses: (1) Alexithymia is significantly associated with dissociation. (2) Pathological versus nonpathological dissociation is associated with alexithymic traits.Psychiatric in- and outpatients (n = 173) and nonclinical subjects (n = 38) were investigated with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the FDS (German version of Dissociation Experience Scale) and the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R; GSI). Correlation analyses followed by MANOVA and logistic regression were performed.Significant correlations and partial correlations, controlling for GSI, were observed between dissociation and alexithymia. The MANOVA demonstrated significantly higher scores for the two TAS-20 dimensions 'difficulty identifying feelings' and 'difficulty expressing feelings' in the group with pathological dissociation. On the basis of the TAS-20 subscores, logistic regression analysis correctly classified 72.5% of the cases into the pathological and the nonpathological dissociation group.These results support our hypothesis that pathological traits of dissociation are highly associated with alexithymia. A model is discussed in which alexithymic characteristics may contribute to the development of pathological dissociation and stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder.
Myocardial contractile actions of endothelin-1 in rat and rabbit papillary muscles. Role of endocardial endothelium.
Authors: K Li, D J Stewart, J L Rouleau
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The actions of endothelin on the contractile and twitch configuration characteristics of rat and rabbit papillary muscles were evaluated before and after endocardial endothelium removal. In rabbit papillary muscles, endothelin produced a dose-dependent (10(-11) to 10(-7) M) increase in tension (T) (from 2.7 +/- 0.2 to 8.9 +/- 0.7 g/mm2, p less than 0.01), dT/dt, and Vmax (from 1.14 +/- 0.03 to 3.0 +/- 0.13 Lmax/sec, p less than 0.01), a decrease in time to peak tension (from 251 +/- 9 to 216 +/- 7 msec, p less than 0.05), and an increase in time to half relaxation (from 168 +/- 9 to 293 +/- 14 msec, p less than 0.01). Increasing calcium concentration in the bath from 1.25 to 15 mM greatly attenuated these changes. In the presence of propranolol (10(-5) M), endothelin increased all indexes of contractility but to a lesser extent (T = 2.6 +/- 0.3 to 6.5 +/- 0.2 g/mm2, p less than 0.01; Vmax = 1.16 +/- 0.10 to 2.06 +/- 0.10 Lmax/sec, p less than 0.01). Myocardial catecholamine depletion with reserpine had effects similar to those of propranolol. The myocardial contractile and twitch configuration characteristics of endothelin were similar to those of phenylephrine (10(-4) M), a strong stimulator of the phosphatidylinositol pathway and a moderate beta-adrenergic stimulator. The effects of phenylephrine and endothelin were modified in a similar manner by propranolol (10(-5) M). The presence of nicardipine (3 X 10(-7) M) decreased the absolute increase in contractility caused by endothelin but did not alter the percent change or shift the dose-response curve of endothelin. The actions of endothelin in rat papillary muscles studied at physiological calcium concentrations (Ca2+ = 1.25 mM) were less marked than those of rabbit studied at physiological calcium (Ca2+ = 1.25 mM) but similar to those of rabbit studied at high calcium concentrations (Ca2+ = 15 mM). Removing the endocardial endothelial layer of rabbit papillary muscles did not alter the absolute changes in contractility caused by endothelin but shifted the dose-response curve to the left and markedly altered the effects of endothelin on twitch configuration characteristics. Thus, it would appear that endothelin increases contractility and modifies twitch configuration. It does so more at lower rather than higher extracellular calcium concentrations and in a species, such as rabbit, that responds more to interventions that increase intracellular calcium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Response: absence of CCR5 intracellular pools in most CD4 and CD8 T cells
Authors: Heather A. Pilch-Cooper, Scott F. Sieg, Thomas J. Hope, Valentina Mercanti, Robin Offord, Ronald S. Veazey, Donald E. Mosier, Brian Clagett, Julie K. Jadlowsky, Mark R. Chance, Ronald G. Collman, Nadeene E. Riddick, Oliver Hartley, Michael M. Lederman
Journal: Blood (2011)
Current Mortality of the Surgical Treatment of Brain Tumors
Authors: Sean Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In 100 recent consecutive cases of brain tumors, which were treated surgically by the author, the case mortality was 3%. There were 116 operations, resulting in an operative mortality of 2.6%. All 3 deaths were related to procedures which were essentially biopsies. Of 34 patients with benign tumors, 26 (76%) have returned to their former useful occupations; of 28 with slowly progressive infiltrative tumors, 19 (68%) have returned to work; of 38 with malignant tumors, either primary or metastatic, only 4 (10%) have returned.
Induction or Augmentation of Labor and Autism
Authors: Anthony M. Vintzileos, Cande V. Ananth
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
SOME CONDITIONS CONTROLLING INTERNAL SECRETION
Authors: W. B. CANNON
Journal: JAMA (1922)

No one may now question the great influence of the glands of internal secretion on important physiologic processes.The growth of the body, the proper devel- opment of the nervous system, the appearance of sec- ondary sex characters, the orderly sequences in the reproductive cycle, the nature and rate of chemical changes in the body\p=m-\all these fundamental processes seem to be in the grip of the endocrine organs.Agents which can determine whether an individual shall be a giant or a dwarf, an idiot or a normally intelligent per- son, a "sissy" or a real male, a bearded lady or a woman; agents which are essential to normal metab- olism\p=m-\indeed,whose destruction may lead promptly to death\p=m-\must evidently be respected.There appears to be a tendency just now, however,
Safety of long-term treatment of HAM/TSP patients with valproic acid
Authors: Stéphane Olindo, Gildas Belrose, Nicolas Gillet, Sabrina Rodriguez, Mathieu Boxus, Olivier Verlaeten, Becca Asquith, Charles Bangham, Aïssatou Signaté, Didier Smadja, Agnès Lezin, Raymond Césaire, Luc Willems
Journal: Blood (2011)
Remarks on a Case of Gummata of the Heart: Death from Heart-block: Rhythmical Contraction of the Auricles during the Long Pauses
Authors: H. Handford
Journal: BMJ (1904)

E ta7145 CASE III.R. P., aged 63.No history of gonorrhoea; retention nine days; catheter two days.Urine: Neutral, contained blood.Parts removed: Weight, 28 grams; horse-shoe type of tumour with the urethra enclosed; "capsule" well marked.Microscopy; Fibro- adenomatous tissue; extensive round-celled infiltrations present; no micro-organisms seen.Bacteriology:-Urine: A pseudo-diphtheria bacillus.Prostate: Pure culture of the staphylococcus albus; neutral red jelly was decolourized and liquefied at the end of two days' growth.Serum test: Patient's serum was found to cause marked agglutination of the staphylococcus isolated from the prostate gland in the dilution of I in 20, but no reaction took place with a dilution of x in so.CASE IV.R. I., aged 75.Two months' frequent micturition; fourteen days retention, for which the catheter was passed three times during the twenty-four hours.Urine: ozo2, alkaline; contained blood, and pus, and crystals of oxalate of lime.Parts removed: Weight, 147 grams; twin tumour type with the urethra enclosed; "capsule" well marked.Microscopy: Spheroidal-celled carcinoma.Bacteriology: Blood agar and agar media were inoculated with the fluid from the interior of the gland.Result: Sterile.Urine: Not tested bacteriologically.! CASE V.J. H., aged 74.Difficulty of micturition eight months; much pain and almost hourly micturition on admission; retention for four days, catheter for a similar period.Urine: Slightly acid, contained pus and albumen.Parts removed: Weight, o00 grams; horseshoe type of tumour; urethra eDnlosed; "capsule" well marked.Microscopy: Fibro-adenomatous tissue; very extensive round-celled infiltration present, especially around the ducts; no micro.organismsseen.Bacteriology: Pure culture of the staphylococcus albus; gelatine media were completely liquefied at the end of four days' growth; urine was not examined.CASE VI.G. S., aged 64.Difficulty of micturition three months; retention requiring catheter four days.Urine: Result of examination is not stated in notes.Parts removed: Weight, 64 grams; twin tumour with urethra enclosed; " capsule" well marked.Microscopy: Fibro- adenomatous tissue; extensive round-celled infiltration present; large numbers of very short and stout bacilli with rounded ends, which do not stain by Gram, present in sections of the gland.Bacteriology: Pure culture of a bacillus coli isolated from the gland; diplococci, which stained by Gram, were present in the original culture, but were lost in plating; urine not examined.CASE VII.D. C., aged 75.No history of gonorrhoea.Six years' difficulty of micturition, requiring catheter at times; one month complete reten-
Mobile Physician Command
Authors: Jim C. Hirschman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The Miami (Fla) Emergency Care system, first to make regular use of radio telemetry of electrocardiograms to hospital-based physicians, now also employs physicians who, while moving freely about in their normal professional practices, supplement and occasionally replace the hospital physicians. The expansion of this emergency care system, accomplished by belt-carried walkie-talkie radio, frees the system from dependence on the hospitalbase station and elevates the level of care. This medical command model is applicable to practically all communities. (<i>JAMA</i>230:255-258, 1974)
Wnt-1 regulation of connexin43 in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Zhaowei Ai, Avi Fischer, David C. Spray, Anthony M.C. Brown, Glenn I. Fishman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Gap junction channels composed of connexin43 (Cx43) are essential for normal heart formation and function. We studied the potential role of the Wnt family of secreted polypeptides as regulators of Cx43 expression and gap junction channel function in dissociated myocytes and intact hearts. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes responded to Li+, which mimics Wnt signaling, by accumulating the effector protein β-catenin and by inducing Cx43 mRNA and protein markedly. Induction of Cx43 expression was also observed in cardiomyocytes cocultured with Rat-2 fibroblasts or N2A neuroblastoma cells programmed to secrete bioactive Wnt-1. By transfecting a Cx43 promoter-reporter gene construct into cardiomyocytes, we demonstrated that the inductive effect of Wnt signaling was transcriptionally mediated. Enhanced expression of Cx43 increased cardiomyocyte cell coupling, as determined by Lucifer Yellow dye transfer and by calcium wave propagation. Conversely, in a transgenic cardiomyopathic mouse model that exhibits ventricular arrhythmias and gap junctional remodeling, β-catenin and Cx43 expression were downregulated concordantly. In response to Wnt signaling, the accumulating Cx43 colocalized with β-catenin in the junctional membrane; moreover, forced expression of Cx43 in cardiomyocytes reduced the transactivation potential of β-catenin. These findings demonstrate that Wnt signaling is an important modulator of Cx43-dependent intercellular coupling in the heart, and they support the hypothesis that dysregulated signaling contributes to altered impulse propagation and arrhythmia in the myopathic heart.
A Clinical Approach for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Anne L. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether a glycosylated hemoglobin level can be used in place of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose diabetes. <h3>Data Sources/Study Selection.</h3> —An augmented MEDLINE search was performed to identify all reports from 1966 through June 1994 in which glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured concurrently with performance of OGTTs in the same study. The corresponding authors were contacted and asked to provide individual data for all subjects tested. A total of 31 investigators representing 34 possible studies responded, and 18 were able to provide us with the data requested. Overall fasting plasma glucose concentrations, 2-hour postdextrose glucose concentrations, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were available from 11 276 individuals. <h3>Data Extraction</h3> —To define normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes, modified World Health Organization criteria were used. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —An analysis of the methods used for measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin levels revealed that the HbA<sub>1c</sub>assay showed the least variance in normal subjects. Therefore, only data from the 8984 subjects who had HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels measured were used. When we used the mean HbA<sub>1c</sub>level plus 4 SDs as a cutpoint, the sensitivity was 36% and specificity was 100% compared with the results of the OGTT. Because of the lack of agreement between OGTT results and HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels, models were created to analyze the distribution of HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels in each study. Using these models, we identified 3 subpopulations. The third subpopulation was likely to represent subjects with diabetes. When we applied an HbA<sub>1c</sub>level of 7.0% as a cutpoint, the sensitivity was 99.6% for the third subpopulation. When this cutpoint was reapplied to the OGTT results, of those subjects with an HbA<sub>1c</sub>level of at least 7.0%, 89% had diabetes, 7% had IGT, and 4% were normal. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Although the OGTT is the "gold standard" for diagnosing diabetes, it is known to be poorly reproducible and is often not performed. Not only is use of an HbA<sub>1c</sub>level to diagnose diabetes more convenient, but therapeutic decisions are based on this value, regardless of the findings on the OGTT. An HbA<sub>1c</sub>level of 7.0% or higher often requires pharmacological intervention and is most often associated with the diagnosis of diabetes by World Health Organization standards. An HbA<sub>1c</sub>level below 7.0% would generally be treated with diet and exercise, regardless of the diagnosis of IGT or diabetes by OGTT. Thus, measurement of HbA<sub>1c</sub>levels may represent a reasonable approach to identifying treatment-requiring diabetes.
Clinicopathologic findings in 52 patients studied by technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy.
Authors: L R Poliner, L M Buja, R W Parkey, F J Bonte, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Scintigraphic, clinical and pathological findings were correlated in 52 patients studied by technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) myocardial scintigraphy before death or surgical resection of myocardium. Fifty-nine clinical events were studied with scintigraphy in the 52 patients; 41 of the 59 were associated with one or more abnormal 99mTc-PYP studies and 18 with normal 99mTc-PYP scintigrams. Myocardial scintigrams were positive in 29 of 31 cases with clinicopathological evidence of a corresponding discrete, grossly obvious acute myocardial infarct, including 16 of 16 transmural myocardial infarcts and 13 of 15 subendocardial infarcts. In 16 of 18 cases, negative myocardial scintigrams correlated with the absence of acute myocardial infarction determined by clinicopathological evidence. In two cases small subendocardial infarcts (less than 3 g) were not detected by 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigraphy. Of the 12 additional instances of positive 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams, five were associated with clinical unstable angina pectoris and seven were in the category of persistently positive scintigrams, since the scans were obtained 2.5 months or longer after proven or suspected acute myocardial infarcts. In all 12 instances, the positive 99mTc-PYP scintigrams were associated with evidence of multifocal irreversible myocardial damage consisting of myocytolysis, coagulation necrosis and/or fibrosis, and the histological age of the lesions was compatible with acute injury corresponding to the time of scintigraphy. The findings indicate that a positive 99mTc-PYP myocardial scintigram is a sensitive indicator of significant myocardial injury which may occur as confluent coagulation necrosis corresponding to clinical acute myocardial infarction, or as multifocal coagulation necrosis or myocytolysis associated with unstable angina pectoris or recurrent ischemic heart disease, especially after previous infarctions.
The Johns Hopkins Experience in Columbia, Maryland
Authors: Robert M. Heyssel, Henry M. Seidel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A university-related prepaid group practice was established in Columbia, Maryland, in 1969, by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions with the cooperation of the Connecticut General Life Insurance Company. Objectives were based on the traditional triad of service, teaching and research. The effort continues. There has been visible success in the achievement of each of the objectives. It is evident, however, that the development of the Columbia Medical Plan would have been facilitated if there had been a larger population base in which to market membership in the Plan, if marketing had been under the direction of the health-care provider, and if the burden of the building and running of a hospital had not been assumed. Overall, the experience suggests that the Health Maintenance Organization movement has only modest ultimate potential as an option in health-care delivery in the current economic milieu of American medicine.