tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS
Authors: LORING T. SWAIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1943)

Article1 July 1943THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESSLORING T. SWAIM, M.D.LORING T. SWAIM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-19-1-118 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNinth Annual Meeting of the American Rheumatism Association, June 8, 1942, Atlantic City, New JerseyThe conditions of total war have no precedent. The medical profession has responded magnificently with bold and novel remedies until recently unheard of. Total war is also waged against the courage and spirit of man. Therefore, a new morale is demanded as an important factor for victory.The medical profession is always pioneering into the unknown fearlessly and unselfishly. Doctors have the good of the community at heart and the spirit of the Good Samaritan as a way of life, so that the goal I... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPersonality factors associated with rheumatoid arthritis: A reviewRHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS REVIEW OF AMERICAN AND ENGLISH LITERATURE OF RECENT YEARS (Ninth Rheumatism Review)* Part IIPHILIP S. HENCH, M.D., F.A.C.P., WALTER BAUER, M.D., F.A.C.P., EDWARD W. BOLAND, M.D., F.A.C.P., DARRELL C. CRAIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., RICHARD H. FREYBERG, M.D., F.A.C.P., WALLACE GRAHAM, M.D., F.R.C.P.(C), W. PAUL HOLBROOK, M.D., F.A.C.P., L. MAXWELL LOCKIE, M.D., F.A.C.P., CURRIER MCEWEN, M.D., F.A.C.P., EDWARD F. ROSENBERG, M.D., F.A.C.P., ROBERT M. STECHER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Problem of Chronic Rheumatism 1 July 1943Volume 19, Issue 1Page: 118-121KeywordsHeart ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1943 PDF downloadLoading ...
BMI and Coronary Heart Disease Risk Among Low-Income and Underinsured Diabetic Patients
Authors: Nan Li, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Ronald Horswell, Yonggang Zhang, Weiqin Li, Wenhui Zhao, Yujie Wang, Jolene Johnson, Gang Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The association between obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk remains debatable, and no studies have assessed this association among diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between BMI and CHD risk among patients with type 2 diabetes.The sample included 30,434 diabetic patients (10,955 men and 19,479 women) 30-95 years of age without a history of CHD or stroke in the Louisiana State University Hospital-Based Longitudinal Study.During a mean follow-up period of 7.3 years, 7,414 subjects developed CHD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for CHD across levels of BMI at baseline (18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, 35-39.9, and ≥40 kg/m(2)) were 1.00, 1.14 (95% CI 1.00-1.29), 1.27 (1.12-1.45), 1.54 (1.34-1.78), and 1.42 (1.23-1.64) (Ptrend < 0.001) in men and 1.00, 0.95 (0.85-1.07), 0.95 (0.84-1.06), 1.06 (0.94-1.20), and 1.09 (1.00-1.22) (Ptrend < 0.001) in women, respectively. When we used an updated mean or last visit value of BMI, the positive association between BMI and CHD risk did not change in men. However, the positive association of BMI with CHD changed to a U-shaped association in women when we used the last visit value of BMI.Our study suggests that there is a positive association between BMI at baseline and during follow-up with the risk of CHD among patients with type 2 diabetes. We indicate a U-shaped association between BMI at the last visit and the risk of CHD among women with type 2 diabetes.
Centrally induced vasopressor responses to ouabain in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats
Authors: H. TAKAHASHI, H. OKABAYASHI, M. MATSUZAWA, K. SUGA, I. IKEGAKI, M. YOSHIMURA, H. IJICHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

To investigate the effect of inhibition of cerebral Na+, K+-ATPase on cardiovascular regulation ouabain was injected into the lateral ventricle or the posterior hypothalamus in either conscious or urethane anaesthetised, deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertensive (DOCA) and sham operated (sham) rats. Ouabain injected intracerebroventricularly produced dose dependent vasopressor responses and tachycardia in the conscious rat; the magnitude of the pressor response was consistently larger in DOCA than in sham rats. In anaesthetised rats the pressor responses were accompanied by corresponding increases in abdominal sympathetic nerve activity. Thus the magnitude of the pressor responses, tachycardia, and the increases in nerve activity was again significantly greater in DOCA than in sham rats. Intrahypothalamic injections of ouabain produced pressor responses that were accompanied by consistent increases in both heart rate and abdominal sympathetic nerve activity in anaesthetised rats. In contrast to the intracerebroventricular injections the percentage increases from baseline blood pressure were significantly greater in sham than in DOCA rats at 5 min after injection. These results indicate that the centrally induced vasopressor response to ouabain, via the periventricular or bulbospinal system or both, is increased in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats whereas the pressor mechanism via the posterior hypothalamus is suppressed in DOCA rats.
Inhibition of hedgehog signaling for the treatment of murine sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Pawel Zerr, Katrin Palumbo-Zerr, Alfiya Distler, Michal Tomcik, Stefan Vollath, Luis E. Munoz, Christian Beyer, Clara Dees, Friederike Egberts, Ilaria Tinazzi, Francesco Del Galdo, Oliver Distler, Georg Schett, Bernd M. Spriewald, Jörg H. W. Distler
Journal: Blood (2012)
Registry of Exceptional Carcinomas
Authors: Roger W. Friskey
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Many factors have been implicated in the causation of lung carcinoma. Exposure to cigarette smoke is assigned the major epidemiologic role at present. However, occupational exposures to asbestos, chromium, beryllium, arsenic, coal gas, and various industrial fumes have all been recognized as factors contributing to an increased risk in the development of lung cancer. Also, pulmonary scarring resulting from war-gas injury and from some pulmonary infections has been receiving increasing attention. Bronchogenic carcinoma has not been produced in animals by inhalation of cigarette smoke, although experiments utilizing beryllium- and nickel-dust inhalation have been successful. Stanton and Blackwell ( J Nat Cancer Inst  27 : 375-407, 1961) have induced pulmonary epidermoid carcinoma in rats by the intravenous injection of methyl cholanthrene. This potent carcinogen localized in areas of induced pulmonary infarction. Tumors arose in those sites.  In addition to these epidemiologic and experimental factors, at least three other considerations must
Catheter-Induced Delayed Recurrent Pulmonary Artery Hemorrhage
Authors: Thomas A. Carlson, Irvin F. Goldenberg, Philip D. Murray, S. Murthy Tadavarthy, Michael Walker, Fredarick L. Gobel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

INTRODUCTION of the flow-directed, balloon-tipped catheter by Swan et al<sup>1</sup>in 1970 has facilitated bedside hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill patient. Although this catheter usually allows safe measurement of important hemodynamic variables, it is not without morbidity.<sup>2,3</sup> Pulmonary artery hemorrhage is a relatively rare but often catastrophic complication of pulmonary artery catheterization. The literature reports an incidence of 0.06% to 0.2%,<sup>4,5</sup>with a mortality ranging from 45% to 65%.<sup>6-8</sup>Survivors, on rare occasion, exhibit delayed hemorrhage after stabilization from the initial bleeding episode. Only five cases of delayed recurrent pulmonary artery hemorrhage have been reported,<sup>8-12</sup>with a delay of 33 hours to 7 months. Three of these patients survived; two required thoracotomy,<sup>9,12</sup>and the other received therapeutic embolism to a false aneurysm of the pulmonary artery.<sup>10</sup>Presented are three additional patients who suffered recurrent delayed pulmonary hemorrhage secondary to balloon-tipped catheters, one
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex: a paradigm for disorders of tissue fragility
Authors: Pierre A. Coulombe, Michelle L. Kerns, Elaine Fuchs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) simplex is a rare genetic condition typified by superficial bullous lesions that result from frictional trauma to the skin. Most cases are due to dominantly acting mutations in either keratin 14 (K14) or K5, the type I and II intermediate filament (IF) proteins tasked with forming a pancytoplasmic network of 10-nm filaments in basal keratinocytes of the epidermis and in other stratified epithelia. Defects in K5/K14 filament network architecture cause basal keratinocytes to become fragile and account for their trauma-induced rupture. Here we review how laboratory investigations centered on keratin biology have deepened our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of EB simplex and revealed novel avenues for its therapy.
Good correlation between RT-PCR analysis and relapse in Philadelphia (Ph1)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: C Preudhomme, N Henic, B Cazin, JL Laï, MF Bertheas, M Vanrumbeke, F Lemoine, JP Jouet, E Deconninck, B Nelken, A Cosson, P Fenaux
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Kaiser Permanente: a propensity for partnership
Authors: Francis J Crosson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Fifty years ago, the belief that physicians and managers could effectively share responsibility and accountability for overall performance of health systems brought the wrath of the American medical establishment down on the first generation of Permanente physicians, who were excluded from their local medical societies. Then, the hard work of making such a partnership succeed nearly destroyed Kaiser Permanente in its first decade.

The outcome became the key to the success of Kaiser Permanente today, as well as one of the organisation's most distinctive characteristics: an organisational culture that transcends the traditional conflicts between …
Polarization of Th1/Th2 in human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells separated by CD62L: analysis by transcription factors
Authors: S. Matsuzaki, K. Shinozaki, N. Kobayashi, K. Agematsu
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: T‐cell surface antigens that differentiate clearly between Th1 and Th2 have not been identified. Discrimination of Th1/Th2 subpopulations by CD62L expression has been reported. We investigated the expression of transcription factors that regulate Th1/Th2 cytokine synthesis in human CD4 + T‐cell subpopulations separated by CD45RO and CD62L, and compared the ratio of CD62L + to CD62L − cells between healthy individuals and patients with allergic diseases. Methods: Human peripheral blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and patients. CD4 + T cells were isolated by negative selection. Three CD4 + T‐cell subpopulations separated by CD45RO and CD62L were isolated using three‐color fluorescence. Sorted cells were stimulated with anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody, and the cytokine levels were measured using a Cytometric Bead Array Kit. Transcription factor expression was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and real‐time RT‐PCR. Results: Interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐5 production levels by CD45RO + CD62L + CD4 + T cells were higher than those of CD45RO + CD62L − CD4 + T cells ( P &lt; 0.05), whereas interferon‐ γ and tumor necrosis factor‐ α production were lower levels ( P &lt; 0.05). T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 and T‐bet expression were detected in CD45RO − CD62L + and CD45RO + CD62L − cells following stimulation, but not in CD45RO + CD62L + cells. However, the ratio of CD62L + to CD62L − cells was the same in both healthy individuals and patients ( P = 0.54). There was no difference in Th1/Th2 cytokine synthesis by CD4 + T cells. Conclusion: Analyses of cytokine syntheses and transcription factor expression demonstrated that CD62‐negative and ‐positive subpopulations of human CD45RO + CD4 + T cells represent characteristics of Th1 and Th2, respectively.
Estrogen Signaling and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Elizabeth Murphy
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Estrogen has pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms by which estrogen confers these pleiotropic effects are undergoing active investigation. Until a decade ago, all estrogen signaling was thought to occur by estrogen binding to nuclear estrogen receptors (estrogen receptor-α and estrogen receptor-β), which bind to DNA and function as ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen binding to the receptor alters gene expression, thereby altering cell function. Estrogen also binds to nuclear estrogen receptors that are tethered to the plasma membrane, resulting in acute activation of signaling kinases such as PI3K. An orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, G-protein-coupled receptor 30, can also bind estrogen and activate acute signaling pathways. Thus, estrogen can alter cell function by binding to different estrogen receptors. This article reviews the different estrogen receptors and their signaling mechanisms, discusses mechanisms that regulate estrogen receptor levels and locations, and considers the cardiovascular effects of estrogen signaling.
RENAL COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE UROLOGIST
Authors: HENRY G. BUGBEE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The important rôle played by the kidneys during pregnancy has long been a matter of serious thought. Recent investigations of metabolism and kidney function have broadened the general knowledge of this subject, but very little has been added by the urologist. The more careful study of pregnancy by the urologist in association with the obstetrician should lead to a diminution in the incidence of renal complications and a more rapid recovery, with less serious sequelae when lesions are found to exist. The patients whom I have seen during pregnancy have all presented well developed complications, only then recognized. In these cases, one fact has appealed to me, namely, that too little attention is given to the individual woman when she first presents herself to the obstetrician. This fact holds good for private patients, who usually come for examination early in pregnancy, as well as for hospital patients, who present themselves
Adrenal Medullary Fibrosis in IDDM of Long Duration
Authors: Florence M Brown, Mark Zuckerman, Sharon Longway, Steven L Rabinowe
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

We conducted a retrospective pathology study to determine whether subjects with long-standing insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have abnormalities of the adrenal medulla compared with subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and nondiabetic individuals. Slides were scored from 0 (no fibrosis) to 3+ (complete fibrosis). Nineteen IDDM subjects aged 30–60 yr (mean ± SE 44.9 ± 2.5 yr) at autopsy and with duration of diabetes 13–45 yr (26.8 ± 1.8 yr) were studied. Twelve NIDDM subjects aged 61–84 yr (73.3 ± 2.5 yr) with duration of diabetes 17–33 yr (22.8 ± 1. 9 yr) were studied. Twenty-two nondiabetic subjects aged 32–77 yr (53.7 ± 2.9 yr) were studied. Four of 19 (27%) IDDM subjects had moderate to severe fibrosis compared to 1 of 12 (8.3%) NIDDM subjects and 1 of 22 (4.5%) control subjects. Thirteen of 19 (68%) IDDM subjects had a score of 1, 2, or 3 compared to 3 of 22 (13.6%) control subjects (P &amp;lt; .0005). There was an association between duration of IDDM and fibrosis score (r = .46, P &amp;lt; .05) and between age and fibrosis score among IDDM subjects (r = .57, P = .01). No association between age or duration of diabetes and /ibrosis score was observed for NIDDM or control subjects. Adrenal medullary fibrosis may be an anatomical correlate of the diminished epinephrine secretion that occurs in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in some IDDM subjects.
PWE-076 Continued biennial screening of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) positive and screening colonoscopy negative cohort in English bowel cancer screening programme—is it necessary?: Abstract PWE-076 Table 1
Authors: D Majumdar, J Patnick, C Nickerson, M D Rutter
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The English NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) uses guaiac based faecal occult blood test (FOBT) as the screening tool, with people with a positive result undergoing colonoscopy. Subjects with adenomas who are in the low risk category and those with no adenomas at colonoscopy are invited to participate in the next gFOBT round in 2 years. This study evaluates the PPV of a second FOBT diagnostic colonoscopy following a second FOBT positive result. <h3>Methods</h3> Data on each patient entering the NHS BCSP programme is prospectively recorded on the national BCSP database. The database was interrogated to identify subjects who had had a second FOBT positive diagnostic colonoscopy in BCSP 2 years after their first screening colonoscopy. The diagnostic colonoscopy PPV of this second FOB positive procedure was compared with the published PPV of first FOB positive diagnostic colonoscopies.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Results</h3> The database was interrogated in April 2011. A total of 772 subjects were identified. The positive predictive value (PPV) for all colorectal neoplasia was 25.7% (n=199) and 0.9% (n=7) for colorectal cancer (CRC). 41.5% had a normal colonoscopy and 32.8% had non-neoplastic pathology. This compares with a PPV for CRC at the first FOB positive diagnostic colonoscopy of 10.1% and for all neoplasia of 53%.<sup>2</sup> Findings are summarised in the Abstract PWE-076 table 1 below. Out of the seven cancers three were Dukes9 C, 2 Dukes9 B and 2 Dukes9 A stage. The sizes of the cancers ranged from 20 mm to 60 mm. Three were located in the rectum, three at the recto-sigmoid junction and one in the caecum. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is significant reduction of CRC and adenoma in the population undergoing a second FOBT positive colonoscopy compared to the first one (0.9% vs 10.1%, p value &lt;0.0001 for CRC). Though the numbers are small, in the cohort where cancer is detected, presence of locally advanced cancer raises the question of missed lesion during the colonoscopy after first positive FOBT and therefore the current practise of biennial FOBT screening for this group is justified. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Logan R</b>, Patnick J, Nickerson C, <i>et al.</i> Outcome of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programe in England after the first 1 million tests. <i>Gut</i>. Published Online First: 7 December 2011. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300843
Autonomy and the principle of respect for autonomy.
Authors: R Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Autonomy is defined as the capacity to think, decide, and act freely and independently on the basis of such thought and decisions. Three types of autonomy are distinguished: autonomy of thought, which embraces the wide range of human intellectual activities called "thinking for oneself"; autonomy of will, or the capacity to decide to do things on the basis of one's deliberations; and autonomy of action, the absence of which is illustrated by the situation of a patient whose voluntary muscles are paralyzed by curariform drugs and who thus cannot tell the surgeon that the anesthetist has forgotten the nitrous oxide. Autonomy is viewed as a prerequisite for all the virtues, rather than as a virtue in its own right. The arguments of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill concerning the principle of respect for autonomy are summarized as exemplars respectively of the deontological and utilitarian philosophical approaches.
Enzymes in Infarction
Authors: Robert S. Galen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. John S. LaDue's comment on "Elevated Heart Enzyme Levels in Apparent Absence of Myocardial Infarction" (227:808, 1974) contains an incorrect suggestion, namely, that elevated enzyme SGOT, SHBD, and CPK levels are specific for myocardial infarction when measured in a setting where myocardial infarction might occur. We studied 100 consecutive admissions to the coronary care unit. Each patient had an admitting diagnosis, "Rule out myocardial infarction." We measured total SGOT, SHBD, CPK, and LDH, as well as the isoenzymes of CPK and LDH, for ten consecutive days. Patients were divided into two groups, myocardial infarction and nonmyocardial infarction on the basis of history, serial electrocardiograms, and clinical judgment. We studied the frequency distribution of the results of these enzyme assays on each hospital day and found that the amount of overlap between the two groups of patients was too great to permit accurate diagnosis, even on days
Heterotopic pancreas: a difficult diagnosis
Authors: G. Payeras, C. Castellón, J. De Jaime, R. Barranco, A. Calvache, P. Castro
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 45-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of epigastric pain and nausea for 2 days. He had no history of systemic disease. Laboratory tests at admission, including amylase, were normal except for a 12 100/mm3 leucocyte count (89 % polymorphonuclear). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an irregular, hypoechoic solid lesion of 37 × 28 mm, and computed tomography scan showed a 37-mm, thick-walled, extraluminal cystic lesion.
Liver Cancer Protease Activity Profiles Support Therapeutic Options with Matrix Metalloproteinase–Activatable Oncolytic Measles Virus
Authors: Michael D. Mühlebach, Thomas Schaser, Martina Zimmermann, Sorin Armeanu, Kay-Martin O. Hanschmann, Roberto Cattaneo, Michael Bitzer, Ulrich M. Lauer, Klaus Cichutek, Christian J. Buchholz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Primary and secondary cancers of the liver are a significant health problem with limited treatment options. We sought here to develop an oncolytic measles virus (MV) preferentially activated in liver tumor tissue, thus reducing infection and destruction of healthy tissue. We documented that in primary tumor tissue, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and especially matrix metallproteinase-2 (MMP-2) are significantly more active than in adjacent nontumorous tissue. We then generated variants of the MV fusion protein by inserting different MMP substrate motifs at the protease cleavage site and identified the motif PQGLYA as the most efficient cleavage site as determined by syncytia formation on protease-positive tumor cells. The corresponding MMP-activatable oncolytic MV-MMPA1 virus was rescued and shown to be strongly restricted on primary human hepatocytes and healthy human liver tissue, while remaining as effective as the parental MV in the tumor tissue sections. Our findings underline the clinical potency of the MMP activation concept as a strategy to generate safer oncolytic viruses for the treatment of primary and secondary cancers of the liver. Cancer Res; 70(19); 7620–9. ©2010 AACR.
A randomized trial comparing standard versus high-dose daunorubicin induction in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Je-Hwan Lee, Young-Don Joo, Hawk Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, Min Kyoung Kim, Dae Young Zang, Jung-Lim Lee, Gyeong Won Lee, Jung-Hee Lee, Jae-Hoo Park, Dae-Young Kim, Won-Sik Lee, Hun Mo Ryoo, Myung Soo Hyun, Hyo Jung Kim, Young Joo Min, Yae-Eun Jang, Kyoo-Hyung Lee
Journal: Blood (2011)
Racial Differences in the Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration With Coronary Heart Disease Events
Authors: Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, Joachim H. Ix, Michael C. Sachs, Russell P. Tracy, David S. Siscovick, Bryan R. Kestenbaum, Ian H. de Boer
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Low circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) have been consistently associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in white populations. This association has not been rigorously evaluated in other races or ethnicities, in which the distributions of 25(OH)D concentration and possibly other aspects of 25(OH)D metabolism differ.