tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Palliative care services should have higher priority, says NICE
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Supportive care and information services for people with cancer and their families should be developed by health planners with the same priority and detail as diagnostic and treatment services, say new guidelines for England and Wales.

Patients with cancer should have access to a range of services from the moment their cancer is diagnosed to help them cope with their illness and its treatment, say recommendations from the National …
Systemic DNA Damage Related to Cancer
Authors: Olga A. Martin, Christophe E. Redon, Asako J. Nakamura, Jennifer S. Dickey, Alexandros G. Georgakilas, William M. Bonner
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The importance of bystander effects is becoming more appreciated, as studies show they may affect the course of cancer and other chronic diseases. The term “bystander effects” refers to changes in naïve cells sharing the same milieu with cells that have been damaged. Bystander cells may be in contact with, or distant from, damaged cells. In addition, it has been shown in culture that not only physically damaged cells, but also cells that have become abnormal (i.e., cancerous or senescent) may induce bystander effects. Recently, we have shown a similar effect in animals. Mice harboring subcutaneous tumors exhibited elevated levels of DNA damage in distant organs. In contrast to cell culture, immune cells seemed to be involved in tumor-induced bystander effects in animals because CCL2-null tumor-bearing mice did not exhibit increased distant DNA damage. Here, we discuss some of the implications of these observations. Cancer Res; 71(10); 3437–41. ©2011 AACR.
Glucagon-stimulating activity of 20 amino acids in dogs
Authors: Dalva Marreiro Rocha, Gerald R. Faloona, Roger H. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The effect of 20 L-amino acids upon pancreatic glucagon secretion has been studied in conscious dogs. Each amino acid was administered intravenously over a 15 min period in a dose of 1 mmole/kg of body weight to a group of four or five dogs. Pancreatic glucagon and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassay. 17 of the 20 amino acids caused a substantial increase in plasma glucagon. Asparagine had the most glucagon-stimulating activity (GSA), followed by glycine, phenylalanine, serine, aspartate, cysteine, tryptophan, alanine, glutamate, threonine, glutamine, arginine, ornithine, proline, methionine, lysine, and histidine. Only valine, leucine, and isoleucine failed to stimulate glucagon secretion, and isoleucine may have reduced it. No relationship between glucagon-stimulating activity and insulin-stimulating activity was observed. The amino acids which enter the gluconeogenic pathway as pyruvate and, which are believed to provide most of the amino acid-derived glucose, had a significantly greater GSA than the amino acids which enter as succinyl CoA or as alpha-ketoglutarate. However, pyruvate itself did not stimulate glucagon secretion. The R-chain structure of the amino acid did not appear to be related to its GSA, except that the aliphatic branched chain amino acids, valine, leucine, and isoleucine, were devoid of GSA.
Development of sports injury awareness programs for athletes and coaches
Authors: K Kotila, B Andersen, L Kirkegaard
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Approximately 2.7 million Danes are active in sports and leisure activities. In 2009 over 100.000 sports injuries were registered as medically attended sports injuries in Denmark. National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark and The Association of Danish Sports Physiotherapists have identified the need for increasing the level of awareness about sports injuries and rehabilitation among Danish citizens. Objective The objective of the project is to focus on acute treatment and effective rehabilitation among Danish citizens in order to shorten the period of inactivity and lessen the risk of new injuries. Design Four elements are initiated; 1.campaign in written and digital media, 2.website 3.application for smart telephones and 4. web-based e-learning program. Setting The target group is Danish athletes and citizens in organised or unorganised sports. Intervention period The campaign is launched in February 2011, by which date it will be possible to download the ‘first aid on acute sports injury’ application, acquire information on the sports injury homepage and attend the e- learn course. Main outcome measurements The success of the project will be measured by the number of downloaded smart telephone-applications, the number of hits on the sports injury homepage, and by the amount of coaches finishing the e-learn courses by 2012. The level of awareness will be measured in a randomised phone interview among Danish athletes, citizens and physiotherapist. Conclusion Awareness of proper treatment and rehabilitation can shorten the period of injury-based inactivity for the injured. The project will provide us with the knowledge about whether the four initiated elements are effective ways of increasing awareness in regard to sport injuries and effective rehabilitation. In the long term we hope to see less injuries, better first aid treatment and more effective rehabilitation and prevention, so Danish citizens can shorten the period of injury-based inactivity.
Megaloblastic anemia as a result of an abnormal transcobalamin II (Cardeza).
Authors: F I Haurani, C A Hall, R Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

A 34-year-old Black woman had severe megaloblastic anemia in childhood. Initially, and over the years, she responded well to massive doses of parenteral cobalamin (Cbl) or oral folic acid. Metabolic reactions involving Cbl and folate enzymes were normal during both relapse and remission except for the absence of thymidylate synthetase in relapse. Amino acid analyses of urine and plasma showed no significant abnormalities. Neither cystathionine, homocystine, formiminoglutamic acid, nor methylmalonic acid was detected in the urine. The serum Cbl level was repeatedly elevated even when the patient was receiving only folic acid therapy. The elevation of the vitamin in the serum was found to be a result of markedly increased levels of transcobalamin II (TC II), as identified by several physicochemical techniques. The patient's TC II-Cbl shared immunologic properties with normal TC II but did not facilitate or impede the uptake of Cbl or Cbl bound to normal TC II, respectively, by human cells.
The response of the lamb ductus venosus to prostaglandins and inhibitors of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis.
Authors: A S Adeagbo, F Coceani, P M Olley
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Rings of the umbilical end of the ductus venosus (the so-called sphincter) from nearterm fetal and newborn (1-3 days of age) lambs were studied in vitro at low (17-31 mm Hg) and high (504-705 mm Hg) P02.Tissues developed a modest contraction upon exposure to a high P02; however, this contraction generally was not sustained and tended to be greater in the fetus than in the newborn.In contrast, excess potassium (55 min) produced a sustained contraction whose magnitude was greater in the newborn.The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, contracted both the fetal and the neonatal ductus venosus; however, responses in the newborn were often not maintained.Furthermore, indomethacin enhanced the potassium response in the fetus, whereas it had no significant effect in the newborn.The thromboxane synthesis inhibitor, compound OKY-1581, was ineffective in either age group.Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGI 2 relaxed the ductus venosus, the former being slightly more potent.Conversely,stable PG endoperoxide analogs (9a,lla-epoxymethano and 9a,lla-methano-epoxy compounds) and PGF20 were contractile agents.Endoperoxide analogs were more effective in the newborn than the fetus and their action consistently exceeded that of PGF20.We conclude that the ductus venosus sphincter is endowed with functional muscle cells.These cells are under the influence of a relaxing product of the cyclooxygenase reaction which may be identified with either PGE2 or PGI2.This prostaglandin-mediated relaxing mechanism may contribute to prenatal patency of the vessel.Postnatal closure of the ductus venosus is unlikely to be a direct effect of oxygen on the sphincter muscle.The prostaglandin endoperoxides, however, are well suited for playing a role in the latter process.
Late Complications of Curative Treatment in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Michael A. Bookman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> CANCER therapy has transformed Hodgkin's disease (HD) from a uniformly fatal to a largely curable disorder. Although most long-term survivors enjoy a normal quality and length of life, complications related to curative treatment can be quite diverse (Figure), as illustrated in the following case report. A 29-year-old woman who presented with mediastinal stage II-B nodular sclerosing HD in 1978 received urgent chest irradiation due to symptoms of superior vena caval obstruction. Findings from subsequent staging laparotomy were normal, and she was treated with total nodal irradiation (49 Gy) using an expanded mediastinal port. She obtained a clinical complete remission complicated by chronic pulmonary fibrosis, soft-tissue fibrosis, and elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In 1979 she developed pleuritic chest pain, a perihilar mass, and pleural effusion consistent with recurrent HD. Following six cycles of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (Mustargen), vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP), complicated by febrile neutropenia,
G-CSF administration in acute myocardial infarction: what is the best timing?
Authors: S. Maggiolini, L. Lenatti, C. Malafronte, G. Pompilio, S. Righetti, F. Achilli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

We read with great interest the comprehensive review by Shim et al. ,1 which critically examines possible reasons related to the mixed results of granulocyte colony-simulating factor (G-CSF) to recover ventricular function after an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The authors correctly underlined that timing for administration is one of the crucial factors in deciding the outcome of G-CSF. They have suggested that the maximal benefit is likely to be achieved when G-CSF is administered 5 days after the acute event. To support this statement, the authors quoted among others Engelmann et al .2 and Wang et al .3 However, the first of these papers stated that neither early nor late G-CSF administration was able to improve left ventricular (LV) function, and myocardial perfusion was improved …
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates rat osteoblastic cells to release a soluble factor that increases osteoclastic bone resorption.
Authors: P M McSheehy, T J Chambers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo and in organ culture, the mechanism by which it effects this stimulation is unknown. We have recently found that the agent does not stimulate resorption by osteoclasts mechanically disaggregated from bone and incubated on slices of cortical bone. This suggests that the osteoclasts were removed by disaggregation from the influence of some cell type, present in intact bone, that mediates hormone responsiveness. We therefore tested the ability of osteoblastic cells derived from neonatal rat calvariae and of cloned, hormone-responsive osteosarcoma cells (UMR106) to restore hormone responsiveness to unresponsive populations of osteoclasts. We found that osteoblastic cells from both sources induced a two- to fourfold stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Stimulation was observed at concentrations of 10(-10) M and above. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide did not affect bone resorption by osteoclasts incubated alone, but abolished the capacity of osteoblastic cells to stimulate osteoclastic resorption in the presence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. When calvarial cells or osteoblastlike UMR cells were incubated with the hormone, they produced a factor in cell-free supernatants that stimulated bone resorption by disaggregated osteoclasts. These experiments suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates bone resorption through a primary action on osteoblastic cells, that are induced by the hormone to produce a factor that stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in children receiving myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy: Clearance increases in relation to absolute neutrophil count with repeated dosing
Authors: Marc G. Sturgill, Richard D. Huhn, Richard A. Drachtman, Alice G. Ettinger, Lawrence J. Ettinger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Limited evidence suggests increased efficacy of rhG-CSF by subcutaneous (SQ) compared with intravenous (IV) administration. To examine the possibility that rapid elimination of IV rhG-CSF could substantially shorten the duration of systemic exposure and could explain a difference in pharmacodynamics, we characterized the pharmacokinetic profile of IV rhG-CSF for comparison to that previously reported for SQ administration. Twelve children were randomly assigned to receive 10 or more days of IV rhG-CSF at dosages of 5 or 10 μg/kg a day beginning 24 hr after chemotherapy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure rhG-CSF concentrations in timed serum samples on days 1 and 10. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by nonlinear, least squares regression. All serum concentration-time profiles were best described by a two-compartment model of elimination. Mean t1/2β values ranged from 3.68 ± 0.86 to 22.4 ± 12.0 hr. ANC was correlated with log CLT (r = 0.72, P < 0.05), and inversely with log dose-adjusted AUC (r = −0.75, P < 0.05) and log dose-adjusted Cmax (r = −0.65, P < 0.05). Estimated duration of serum rhG-CSF concentrations above 1 ng/ml exceeded 24 hr for all but the 5 μg/kg cohort on day 1. Pharmacokinetic parameters of IV rhG-CSF are similar to those previously reported for SQ administration in children treated with myelosuppressive cancer chemotherapy. Daily IV administration should be suitable alternative route of administration in this patient population. Am. J. Hematol. 54:124–130, 1997 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Dendritic Cell–Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3–Grabbing Nonintegrin (Dc-Sign)–Related Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Arman A. Bashirova, Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeek, Gerard C.F. van Duijnhoven, Sandra J. van Vliet, Jeroen B.G. Eilering, Maureen P. Martin, Li Wu, Thomas D. Martin, Nicola Viebig, Percy A. Knolle, Vineet N. KewalRamani, Yvette van Kooyk, Mary Carrington
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

The discovery of dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3–grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) as a DC-specific ICAM-3 binding receptor that enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans has indicated a potentially important role for adhesion molecules in AIDS pathogenesis. A related molecule called DC-SIGNR exhibits 77% amino acid sequence identity with DC-SIGN. The DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genes map within a 30-kb region on chromosome 19p13.2-3. Their strong homology and close physical location indicate a recent duplication of the original gene. Messenger RNA and protein expression patterns demonstrate that the DC-SIGN–related molecule is highly expressed on liver sinusoidal cells and in the lymph node but not on DCs, in contrast to DC-SIGN. Therefore, we suggest that a more appropriate name for the DC-SIGN–related molecule is L-SIGN, liver/lymph node–specific ICAM-3–grabbing nonintegrin. We show that in the liver, L-SIGN is expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells. Functional studies indicate that L-SIGN behaves similarly to DC-SIGN in that it has a high affinity for ICAM-3, captures HIV-1 through gp120 binding, and enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans. We propose that L-SIGN may play an important role in the interaction between liver sinusoidal endothelium and trafficking lymphocytes, as well as function in the pathogenesis of HIV-1.
Usefulness of Screening Chest Roentgenograms in Preoperative Patients
Authors: Lloyd Rucker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We proposed that clinical criteria could define a group of patients very unlikely to have abnormal preoperative chest roentgenograms. Nine hundred five surgical admissions were screened for the presence of clinical factors we thought would make those patients more likely to have abnormal preoperative chest roentgenograms. Of these, 368 had no risk factors. One patient (0.3%) of the 368 had an abnormal x-ray film, which did not affect the surgery. No material abnormalities were found in the remainder of the group without risk factors. Five hundred four patients had identifiable risk factors. Of these, 114 (22%) were found to have serious abnormalities on preoperative chest roentgenogram.
521 Clinical significance of anti-HBc as the only marker of hbv infection in general population. A cohort study with an observational period of up to 12 years
Authors: G.H. Zacharakis, J. Koskinas, M. Papoutselis, E. Tzara, N. Vafeiadis, E. Maltezos, P. Karayiannis, A.J. Archimandritis, K. Papoutselis, S. Kotsiou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Doctors charged with manslaughter in the course of medical practice, 1795-2005: a literature review
Authors: R E Ferner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To quantify the number of doctors charged with manslaughter in the course of legitimate medical practice and to classify cases, as mistakes, slips (or lapses), and violations, using a recognized classification of human error system.Design: We searched newspaper databases, Medline, Embase, and the Wellcome library catalogue to identify relevant cases from 1795 to December 2005.Setting: Medical practice in the United Kingdom.Main outcome measure: Number of doctors charged with manslaughter in the course of medical practice.Results: We identified 85 doctors charged with manslaughter since 1795.The number of doctors charged was relatively high in the mid-19th century and the inter-war years, and has dramatically increased since 1990.Sixty of the doctors were acquitted, 22 were convicted, and three pleaded guilty.Most doctors were charged as a consequence of mistakes (37) or slips (17), and a minority because of alleged violations (16). Conclusions:The number of doctors prosecuted for manslaughter has risen steeply since 1990, but the proportion of doctors convicted remains low.Prosecution for deliberately violating rules is understandable, but accounts for only a minority of these cases.Unconscious errors-mistakes and slips (or lapses)-are an inescapable consequence of human actions and prosecution of individuals is unlikely to improve patient safety.That requires improvement to the complex systems of health care.
A genome-wide association study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma identifies three new susceptibility loci
Authors: Jin-Xin Bei, Yi Li, Wei-Hua Jia, Bing-Jian Feng, Gangqiao Zhou, Li-Zhen Chen, Qi-Sheng Feng, Hui-Qi Low, Hongxing Zhang, Fuchu He, E Shyong Tai, Tiebang Kang, Edison T Liu, Jianjun Liu, Yi-Xin Zeng
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND CIRCADIAN PATTERN OF BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Jin-Sun Park, Joon-Han Shin, Jeong Bae Park, Dong-Ju Choi, Ho-Joong Youn, Chang-Gyu Park, Jun Kwan, Young Keun Ahn, Dong Woon Kim, Se-Joong Rim, Seung-Woo Park, Jidong Sung, Jang-Ho Bae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Paradoxical Septal Motion Secondary to Right Ventricular Tumor
Authors: Lewis Sassé
Journal: JAMA (1975)

TO OUR knowledge, this is the first report of echocardiographically studied rhabdomyosarcoma of the heart. Square-wave paradoxical septal motion was noted. In the absence of previously reported causes of paradoxical septal motion, right ventricular tumor appears to be a newly recognized cause of paradoxical septal motion. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A normotensive 59-year-old woman with a long history of spastic colon symptoms was admitted during a bout of near syncope. A presystolic "seagull" murmur at the lower part of the left sternal border and elevated jugular venous pressure, both of which increased on inspiration, an early systolic ejection murmur, which decreased with inspiration, a prominent jugular A wave, and a normal second heart sound were demonstrated (Fig 1). There was mild peripheral cyanosis. Electrocardiographic axis was +120°, with tall R waves in right precordial leads and a QRS complex duration of 0.10 seconds, while an electrocardiogram eight months earlier was
Hospitalization for Possible Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Emanuel M. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The article by Schor et al (236:941,1976) ended with some unusual comments. Agreed that it is extremely disturbing to find an error rate of 10% of acute myocardial infarctions undiagnosed, remedial actions should include consideration of hospitalization of more suspected cases, even  this transfers the increased false-positive rate to the holding ward. Certainly that is the purpose of a holding ward, and statistics notwithstanding, the primary reason for observation is to prevent harm to a patient. Even if a procedure of delay is  and more patients go to the ward rather than the coronary care unit, they are at least in the hospital (where acute management can be readily instituted  needed) rather than at home. The suggestion that patients denied admission should return within a month for a checkup seems to be an inappropriate suggestion; follow-up at two or three days to identify any
The Health Consequences of Caffeine
Authors: PETER W. CURATOLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Acutely administered caffeine modestly increases blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum free fatty acid levels, urine production, and gastric acid secretion. It alters the electroencephalographic spectrum, mood, and sleep patterns of normal volunteers. Chronic caffeine consumption has no effect on blood pressure, plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity, serum cholesterol concentration, blood glucose levels, or urine production. Caffeine does not appear to be useful for increasing the motility of hypomotile sperm in artificial insemination or in the therapy of minimal brain dysfunction, cancer, or Parkinson's syndrome, but it may be effective as a topical treatment of atopic dermatitis and as systemic therapy for neonatal apnea. Caffeine does not seem to be associated with myocardial infarction; lower urinary tract, renal, or pancreatic cancer; teratogenicity; or fibrocystic breast disease. The role of caffeine in the production of cardiac arrhythmias or gastric or duodenal ulcers remains uncertain.
Injury to the skin induces p53- and Fas-dependent bystander keratinocyte apoptosis in vivo
Authors: S. Hayashi, H. Matsushima, S. Shimada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Injury to the skin induces p53‐ and Fas‐dependent bystander keratinocyte apoptosis in vivo Get access S. Hayashi, S. Hayashi Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, 1110 Shimokato, Tamaho, Nakakoma, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Matsushima, H. Matsushima Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, 1110 Shimokato, Tamaho, Nakakoma, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Shimada S. Shimada Department of Dermatology, Yamanashi Medical University, 1110 Shimokato, Tamaho, Nakakoma, Yamanashi 4093898, Japan Correspondence: Shinji Shimada. E‐mail: sshimada@res.yamanashi‐med.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 3, 1 September 2002, Pages 614–616, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.48817.x Published: 01 September 2002