tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carbamazepine solubility enhancement in tandem with swellable polymer osmotic pump tablet: A promising approach for extended delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs
Authors: Hadjira Rabti, Jumah Masoud Mohammed Salmani, Eltayeb Sulimen Elamin, Narimane Lammari, Jie Zhang, Qineng Ping
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

Elementary osmotic pump (EOP) is a unique extended release (ER) drug delivery system based on the principle of osmosis. It has the ability to minimize the amount of the drug, accumulation and fluctuation in drug level during chronic uses. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a poorly water-soluble antiepileptic drug, has serious side effects on overdoses and chronic uses. The aim of the present study was to design a new EOP tablet of CBZ containing a solubility enhancers and swellable polymer to reduce its side effects and enhance the patient compliance. Firstly, a combination of solubilizing carriers was selected to improve the dissolution of the slightly soluble drug. Then, designing the new EOP tablet and investigating the effect of different variables of core and coat formulations on drug release behavior by single parameter optimization and by Taguchi orthogonal design with analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. The results showed that CBZ solubility was successfully enhanced by a minimum amount of combined polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K30) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). The plasticizer amount and molecular weight (MW) together with the osmotic agent amount directly affect the release rate whereas the swellable polymer amount and viscosity together with the semi-permeable membrane (SPM) thickness inversely influence the release rate. In addition, the tendency of following zero order kinetics was mainly affected by the coat components rather than those of the core. Further, orifice size does not have any significant effect on the release behavior within the range of 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm. In this study we report the successful formulation of CBZ-EOP tablets, which were similar to the marketed product Tegretol CR 200 and able to satisfy the USP criterion limits and to deliver about 80% of CBZ at a rate of approximately zero order for up to 12 h.
Current Status of Taxane and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: W. P. McGuire
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Before 1993, the standard of care for the chemotherapeutic management of advanced ovarian cancer was cisplatin or carboplatin combined with a classic alkylating agent (typically cyclophosphamide). Studies in the 1990s have changed this standard to one of the platinum-containing agents combined with a taxane, paclitaxel, or docetaxel. This article reviews the pertinent studies regarding paclitaxel combined with cisplatin or carboplatin, discusses the remaining controversies surrounding how best to combine these agents, and provides opinions regarding the discordant outcomes noted in studies of the paclitaxel-platinum doublet. A separate article discusses the docetaxel-platinum doublet and how that might be considered an appropriate option for first-line therapy in patients with advanced, newly diagnosed ovarian cancer.
Comparison of a tetravalent single-chain antibody-streptavidin fusion protein and an antibody-streptavidin chemical conjugate for pretargeted anti-CD20 radioimmunotherapy of B-cell lymphomas
Authors: John M. Pagel, Yukang Lin, Nathan Hedin, Anastasia Pantelias, Donald Axworthy, Diane Stone, Don K. Hamlin, D. Scott Wilbur, Oliver W. Press
Journal: Blood (2006)
The effect of deprivation on variations in general practitioners' referral rates: a cross sectional study of computerised data on new medical and surgical outpatient referrals in Nottinghamshire
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Hardy, M. Pringle, K. Fielding, R. Carlisle, C. Chilvers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine the effect of deprivation on variations in general practitioners9 referral rates using the Jarman underprivileged area (UPA(8)) score as a proxy measure. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional survey of new medical and surgical referrals from general practices to hospitals (determined from hospital activity data). <b>Setting:</b> All of the 183 general practices in Nottinghamshire and all of the 19 hospitals in Trent region. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> The relation between the referral rates per 1000 registered patients and the practice population9s UPA(8) score (calculated on the basis of electoral ward), with adjustment for the number of partners, percentage of patients aged over 65 years, and fundholding status of each practice. <b>Results:</b> There was a significant independent association between deprivation, as measured by the UPA(8) score, and high total referral rates and high medical referral rates (P&lt;0.0001). The UPA(8) score alone explained 23% of the total variation in total referral rates and 32% of the variation in medical referral rates. On multivariate analysis, where partnership size, fundholding status, and percentage of men and women aged over 65 years were included, the UPA(8) score explained 29% and 35% of the variation in total and medical referral rates respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> Of the variables studied, the UPA(8) score was the strongest predictor of variations in referral rates. This association is most likely to be through a link with morbidity, although it could reflect differences in patients9 perceptions, doctors9 behaviour, or the use and provision of services. <h3>Key messages</h3> Significant associations exist between deprivation as measured by the UPA(8) score and high total and medical referral rates On multivariate analysis, where partnership size, fundholding status, percentage of men and women aged over 65 years were included, the UPA(8) score explained 29% and 35% of the variation in total and medical referral rates respectively Of the variables studied, the UPA(8) score is the strongest predictor of variations in medical referral rates Studies of general practitioners9 workload and activity need to include deprivation scores such as the UPA(8) score
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
Authors: E. Dorinda Loeffel
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The sixth edition of this wellknown textbook contributes significantly to clinical dermatology and represents a major effort by one author to catalogue and discuss approximately 1,400 skin diseases. It is considerably changed, enlarged, and improved over the fifth edition published in 1963.  Most impressive are the numerous black and white photographs of excellent quality (899 of which are new to the text), which will aid both novice and experienced dermatologists in disease identification. Accompanying descriptions of diseases vary significantly in quality and detail. Major ailments are generally well covered, although sometimes burdened by ponderous detail and archaic descriptive terminology. Minor conditions and syndromes are often reduced to barest essentials necessary for identification. All diseases are expanded by plentiful references, current to 1969, which are listed by subject at the end of each chapter. Careful and complete indexing aids rapid identification.  Organization of the book follows the format of earlier editions,
(1) Primary macroglobulinaemia and lymphoma
Authors: A. Navabatnam, G.A. Hodgson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article (1) Primary macroglobulinaemia and lymphoma Get access A. Navabatnam, A. Navabatnam Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.A. Hodgson G.A. Hodgson Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue s9, 1 July 1973, Pages 21–25, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03434.x Published: 01 July 1973
Images of the terminal ileum are more convincing than cecal images for verifying the extent of colonoscopy
Authors: N. Powell, H. Knight, J. Dunn, V. Saxena, J. Mawdsley, C. Murray, J. Hoare, J. Teare, A. McNair
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de N. Powell et al., pp. 196Endoscopy 2011; 43(03): 249-249DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291806
Ga-67 Used to Localize the Tumor Bed for Radiation Therapy After Lumpectomy
Authors: GEORGE J. BURKE, WAYNE C. SHEILS, JOHN T. BARRETT, NANCY H. WIGGERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors present a new method to locate the tumor bed after lumpectomy. The method relies on accumulation of Ga-67 at the surgical site. This technique was useful in identifying the tumor bed in six candidates for breast conserving surgery and radiation therapy. This method may be applicable in other soft tissue malignancies that require postoperative radiation.
Florida judge says entire health reform act is unconstitutional
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The entire health reform act is unconstitutional, declared Judge Roger Vinson of the Federal District Court in Pensacola, Florida, on 31 January.

He ruled that the “individual mandate” requiring citizens to have health insurance was unconstitutional. And because the health reform act relied on the mandate to be effective, he declared the entire act unconstitutional.

He said he recognised problems in the US healthcare system but added that the health reform act exceeded constitutional bounds.

In his ruling he wrote, “I must conclude that the individual mandate and the remaining provisions are all inextricably bound together in purpose and must stand or fall as a single unit.” He said that the US Congress had never before required people to buy a product or …
NHS league tables are more spin than substance
Authors: C. B Brown
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—My hospital was last month awarded the coveted top ranking of three stars in the NHS league table.1

The kidney unit in which I work has 65 patients on the waiting list to start dialysis for kidney failure. Ten dialysis stations lie empty, which could accomodate all of them if the revenue was forthcoming, which it hasn't been for many many months. Only when …
Stress Management Improves Long-Term Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Richard S. Surwit, Miranda A.L. van Tilburg, Nancy Zucker, Cynthia C. McCaskill, Priti Parekh, Mark N. Feinglos, Christopher L. Edwards, Paula Williams, James D. Lane
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

There is conflicting evidence regarding the utility of stress management training in the treatment of diabetes. The few studies that have shown a therapeutic effect of stress management have used time-intensive individual therapy. Unfortunately, widespread use of such interventions is not practical. The aim of the present investigation is to determine whether a cost-effective, group-based stress management training program can improve glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether a particular subset of patients is more likely to get positive results.Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to undergo a five-session group diabetes education program with or without stress management training. Participants (n = 108) were followed for 1 year, during which HbA(1c) tests and questionnaires assessing perceived stress, anxiety, and psychological health were administered at regular intervals to evaluate treatment effects.Stress management training was associated with a small (0.5%) but significant reduction in HbA(1c). Compliance with the treatment regimen decreased over time but was similar to that seen in patients receiving stress management for other reasons in the clinic. Trait anxiety (a measure of stable individual differences in anxiety proneness) did not predict response to treatment, showing that highly anxious patients did not derive more benefit from training.The current results indicate that a cost-effective, group stress management program in a "real-world" setting can result in clinically significant benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes.
New Application for Old Drug
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Nitroglycerin is proving of value not only for the treatment of angina pectoris, but also for patients with myocardial infarction. When given by carefully controlled intravenous infusion, nitroglycerin has improved left ventricular function and compliance in a number of patients with acute myocardial infarction and moderate-to-severe left ventricular failure during the first 24 hours of therapy in intensive care units. According to Flaherty et al,<sup>1</sup>the action of the drug may be based on the lowering of peripheral resistance. Flaherty also noticed that intravenous nitroglycerin decreased the heart rate. Kaplan et al<sup>2</sup>report that nitroglycerin infused intravenously normalized blood pressure in 20 hypertensive patients during coronary artery surgery. The mean dose of nitroglycerin was 80.0±4.7μg/min, or 0.96μg/kg/min. The drug substantially decreased systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular stroke work index. Flaherty et al<sup>1</sup>
Estrogens and Risk of Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: Phyllis A. Wingo
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Drs Lemon and Foley incorrectly cite the data from our report and overstate our conclusions; however, we agree with their recommendation that further research is needed to clarify the risk of breast cancer among women who have used estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). First of all, the total numbers of cases and controls included in our analysis were 1369 and 1645, respectively, not 942 and 1117 as cited by the authors. Second, 56 cases and 81 controls used ERT for at least ten years; 114 cases and 154 controls first used ERT at least ten years ago. Finally, in our report, because of the widespread use of ERT 1 and the inconsistencies and limitations of available data (including our report), we urged further study of the effects of long-term and high-dosage use and emphasized the importance of identifying subgroups of women who may be at increased risk of breast
Usefulness of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in a Case of Choriocarcinoma Presenting as Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Sumbul Zaheer, Saabry Osmany, Hee Kit Lai, David Ng Chee Eng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

This case demonstrates the utility of performing F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the investigation of an unresolving pulmonary embolus, where early diagnosis of tumor thrombus or primary neoplastic conditions of the pulmonary artery may be made. Choriocarcinoma presenting within the pulmonary artery is rare although a literature review shows that a number of important differential diagnoses of hypermetabolic pulmonary lesions should be kept in mind.
Exclusion of the stomatin, ?-adducin and ?-adducin loci in a large kindred with dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis
Authors: David Scott Innes, John H. Sinard, Diana M. Gilligan, L. Michael Snyder, Patrick G. Gallagher, Jon S. Morrow
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Defects in stomatin, α-and β-adducin have been implicated in erythrocyte disorders of cation permeability. We performed linkage analysis of the genetic loci for these proteins in a large kindred with xerocytosis (dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis). Using polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping techniques, all three loci are excluded as disease gene candidates. Am. J. Hematol. 60:72–74, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Piercing-Related Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Kimberly A Horii, Mary Anne Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

An 18-year-old woman with the long-QT syndrome was referred to our dermatology clinic with a large, fluctuant, violaceous plaque on her right cheek (Panel A). Her right tragus had been professionally pierced 6 months earlier, and streaking had developed along the angle of her jaw 1 month after the piercing. Her primary care physician drained an abscess in the region and prescribed cephalexin, but the condition did not improve. On further evaluation, an atypical infectious cause was considered, and a biopsy was performed; the specimen showed granulomatous inflammation but no acid-fast bacilli. The tissue culture grew Mycobacterium fortuitum. Four . . .
Functional Genomics Identifies Drivers of Medulloblastoma Dissemination
Authors: Michael Mumert, Adrian Dubuc, Xiaochong Wu, Paul A. Northcott, Steven S. Chin, Carolyn A. Pedone, Michael D. Taylor, Daniel W. Fults
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Medulloblastomas are malignant brain tumors that arise in the cerebellum in children and disseminate via the cerebrospinal fluid to the leptomeningeal spaces of the brain and spinal cord. Challenged by the poor prognosis for patients with metastatic dissemination, pediatric oncologists have developed aggressive treatment protocols, combining surgery, craniospinal radiation, and high-dose chemotherapy, that often cause disabling neurotoxic effects in long-term survivors. Insights into the genetic control of medulloblastoma dissemination have come from transposon insertion mutagenesis studies. Mobilizing the Sleeping Beauty transposon in cerebellar neural progenitor cells caused widespread dissemination of typically nonmetastatic medulloblastomas in Patched+/− mice, in which Shh signaling is hyperactive. Candidate metastasis genes were identified by sequencing the insertion sites and then mapping these sequences back to the mouse genome. To determine whether genes located at transposon insertion sites directly caused medulloblastomas to disseminate, we overexpressed candidate genes in Nestin+ neural progenitors in the cerebella of mice by retroviral transfer in combination with Shh. We show here that ectopic expression of Eras, Lhx1, Ccrk, and Akt shifted the in vivo growth characteristics of Shh-induced medulloblastomas from a localized pattern to a disseminated pattern in which tumor cells seeded the leptomeningeal spaces of the brain and spinal cord. Cancer Res; 72(19); 4944–53. ©2012 AACR.
The Case for Randomized Trials in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Alison Grann, Victor R. Grann
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SUMMARY OF ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS OF CERTIFYING BOARDS
Authors: B. R. KIRKLIN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The task assigned me was to study the requirements for eligibility of candidates for examination and certification as prescribed by the various special boards and to discuss reasons for divergences of these requirements from those recommended by the Advisory Board for Medical Specialties. Accordingly, to make comparison easy, I have tabulated the eligibility requirements listed by the several boards, including not only items concerning which the Advisory Board has offered advice but also those about which it has made no recommendations. In discussing them we should remind ourselves that the recommendations of the Advisory Board are not binding; that some of them need not be complied with before Jan. 1, 1942; that some of the special boards existed and had formulated their rules before the Advisory Board was established; that certain of this board's recommendations have been broadly expressed, leaving considerable latitude for substantial conformity to them; that as to
The AMA and the Future of Medicine
Authors: Jon E. Starr
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reviewing the COUNCIL REPORT entitled "The Future of Medicine,"1 one dominant issue and one serious defect seem to be obvious. The issue is how much money physicians and, as a result, the American Medical Association (AMA) are going to have available. The defect is that in only two very small areas (medical ethics and professional independence and standards for AMA memberships) is there any consideration of the impact on the patient of the potential future of medicine. It is rather discouraging to me as a professional to realize that the AMA is continuing to devote its resources to the concept of economic advantages for physicians, with patient care secondary, rather than to insist on quality care first with the realization that quality care will result in reasonable economic reimbursement. While we have spent millions in our attempts to influence reimbursement levels from third-party payers, including government
Decreased white matter lesion volume and improved cognitive function after liver transplantation
Authors: Alex Rovira, Beatriz Mínguez, Xavier F. Aymerich, Carlos Jacas, Elena Huerga, Juan Córdoba, Juli Alonso
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Focal T2-weighted white matter lesions (WML) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mimicking those seen in cerebrovascular small-vessel disease described in patients with persistent hepatic encephalopathy, decreased in volume with the improvement of hepatic encephalopathy. This outcome has been interpreted as a decrease in the edema that it is proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. We designed a study to further investigate potential changes in focal WML in the brains of patients with cirrhosis following liver transplantation and to study the relationship between these changes and overall cognitive function. We used MRI to measure the volume of supratentorial focal WML and a neuropsychological examination to assess cognitive function before and after liver transplantation in 27 patients with cirrhosis without signs of overt hepatic encephalopathy. Baseline MRI identified focal T2-weighted lesions in 19 patients (70.3%). The presence of WML was associated with older age but not with vascular risk factors, severity of liver function, or psychometric tests. A significant reduction in lesion volume was observed after liver transplantation (from a median of 1.306 cm3 to 0.671 cm3, P = 0.001). This decrease correlated with an improvement in an index of global cognitive function ( r = −0.663; P &lt; 0.001). This evolution indicates that lesion volume is partially related to a reversible type of tissue damage, which is compatible with brain edema. Conclusion: Focal WML probably induced by age-related microvascular injury can decrease their volume with liver transplantation. The associated improvement of cognitive function supports a relationship between brain edema and minimal hepatic encephalopathy.