tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: M. A. Sackner
Journal: JAMA (1975)

DIAPHRAGMATIC breathing exercises have long been advocated in the therapy of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The control of diaphragmatic excursions is accomplished by (1) consciously contracting the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall to obtain preferential descent of the diaphragm during inspiration, (2) assuming the head-down, supine, or leaning-forward posture to facilitate a diaphragmatic breathing pattern, and (3) placing weights or strapping belts on the abdomen to force the diaphragm craniad.<sup>1-3</sup> Often, dyspnea is relieved by these maneuvers, but it is uncertain what are the mechanisms responsible for the improvement. The following hypotheses have been suggested: (1) reduction of minute ventilation with maintenance of alveolar ventilation, (2) slowing of inspiratory flow rates, (3) improvement of ventilation-perfusion relationships at the bases of the lungs, (4) diminution of the work of breathing, and (5) promotion of a feeling of well-being. <h3>Reduction of Dead-Space Ventilation</h3> The hypothesis that reduced
MATTING OF THE HAIR BY SHAMPOO
Authors: R. G. HOWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article MATTING OF THE HAIR BY SHAMPOO Get access R. G. HOWELL, M.R.C.P. R. G. HOWELL, M.R.C.P. St. Thomas's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 3, 1 March 1956, Page 99, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12790.x Published: 01 March 1956
269 SELECTIVE REDUCTION IN S100A4 NUCLEAR EXPRESSION BY LOW-DOSE PACLITAXEL HALTS INVASIVENESS OF HUMAN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA CELLS THROUGH A RAC1-INDEPENDENT, RHO-A/CDC42-DEPENDENT MECHANISM
Authors: L. Fabris, L. Sambado, M. Cadamuro, C. Spirlì, S. Indraccolo, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Case 50-1981
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Munro Peacock, Richard L. Kradin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Presentation of CaseA 76-year-old retired nurse was admitted to the hospital because of hypercalcemia.She was well until 17 years earlier, when she entered another hospital because of renal disease. The creatinine was 4.3 mg per 100 ml (380 μmol per liter). Transient hypercalciuria was noted; the serum calcium was not elevated. Microscopical examination of a renal-biopsy specimen was reported to show interstitial nephritis. Her renal function gradually improved, with decrease of the creatinine to 2.2 mg per 100 ml (200 μmol per liter). The phosphorus level was not elevated. Sixteen years before admission she was seen at this . . .
Low-molecular-weight dextran in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: C. F. Borchgrevink, E. Enger
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Dmonary congestion, the decision being left to the attending physician.Myocardial infarction was defined according to the standard rules of this department (Enger et al., 1963), requiring typical E.C.G. pattern with Q waves or ST changes.When the E.C.G. pattern was not obvious the diagnosis wAs made if three of the following criteria were present: a rise in the sedimentation rate, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (G.O.T.) valies above 40 units, a typical temperature curve, and a lucocyte count above 9,000.The patients admitted to the study were randomized into two groups according to a preconceived list.Separate criteria were made for the two sexes and for the patients with recog- nized previous infarction.
Rapid and selective death of leukemia stem and progenitor cells induced by the compound 4-benzyl, 2-methyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine, 3,5 dione (TDZD-8)
Authors: Monica L. Guzman, Xiaojie Li, Cheryl A. Corbett, Randall M. Rossi, Timothy Bushnell, Jane L. Liesveld, Josée Hébert, Fay Young, Craig T. Jordan
Journal: Blood (2007)
ULTRASOUND EXAMINATIONS IN PREGNANCY AND CHILDHOOD CANCER
Authors: R.A. Cartwright, P.A. Mckinney, P.A. Hopton, J.M. Birch, A.L. Hartley, J.R. Mann, J.A.H. Waterhouse, H.E. Johnston, G.J. Draper, C. Stiller
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
“Special Scrutiny”: A Targeted Form of Research Protocol Review
Authors: Carol Levine, Ruth Faden, Christine Grady, Dale Hammerschmidt, Lisa Eckenwiler, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Research participants require ongoing protection of the kind already established in law and regulation. However, "special scrutiny" for certain types of research is also needed. Three criteria for special scrutiny are 1) research that involves initial experiences of translating new scientific advances into humans, especially when the intervention is novel, irreversible, or both; 2) research with a known or credible risk for significant harm [death or serious disability are the clearest examples] to research participants as a consequence of the experimental intervention and with no potential for offsetting direct medical benefit; or 3) research with a protocol that raises ethical questions about research design or implementation for which there is no consensus. Special scrutiny recognizes that not all research protocols are equally ethically challenging and aims to provide appropriate protection for all research participants.
Trends in Respiratory Symptoms of Firefighters Exposed to the World Trade Center Disaster: 2001–2005
Authors: Mayris P. Webber, Jackson Gustave, Roy Lee, Justin K. Niles, Kerry Kelly, Hillel W. Cohen, David J. Prezant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Respiratory symptoms, either newly reported after the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on 11 September 2001 (9/11) or increased in severity, have been well documented in WTC-exposed workers and New York City residents. However, considerable uncertainty exists over the persistence of symptoms.In this study, our goals were to describe trends in post-9/11 respiratory and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms in WTC-exposed firefighters and to examine symptom progression in the cohort that completed both year 1 and year 4 questionnaires.We analyzed questionnaire responses from 10,378 firefighters in yearly intervals, from 2 October 2001 to 11 September 2005, defining exposure based on arrival time at the WTC site. For the cohort of 3,722 firefighters who completed the two questionnaires, we also calculated exposure duration summing months of work at the site.In cross-sectional analyses, the prevalence of dyspnea, wheeze, rhinosinusitis, and GERD remained relatively stable, whereas cough and sore throat declined, especially between 1 and 2 years post-9/11. We found a dose-response relationship between arrival time and symptoms in all years (p < 0.01). Logistic models of symptoms at year 4 in the cohort demonstrated independent effects of earlier arrival and longer work duration: each additional month of work increased the odds of symptoms 8-11%.Protracted work exposures increased the odds of respiratory and GERD symptoms 4 years later. In most large disasters, exposures may be unavoidable during the rescue phase, but our data strongly suggest the need to minimize additional exposures during recovery and cleanup phases.
Interpretation of levels of strontium-90 in human bone.
Authors: W. Fletcher, J. F. Loutit, D. G. Papworth
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Although polyneuritis is usually regarded as a disorder of nerve fibres, these fibres are in fact the long processes of neurones situated in the spinal cord and posterior root ganglia.Some polyneuritic lesions primarily affect the nerve fibre at intervals along its length.In others peripheral dying back of the fibre results from damage to the neurone itself.In a third group its myelin sheath is disproportionately affected.The current contributions of electrophysiological investiga- tion, tissue biopsy, and animal experiment to the study of peripheral nerve lesions are discussed, and a brief account is given of the application of concepts drawn from these fields to some of the commoner clinical forms of neuropathy.
IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO
Authors: Carl W. Pierce, Barbara M. Johnson, Harriet E. Gershon, Richard Asofsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

We have demonstrated for the first time that mouse spleen cells stimulated in vitro with heterologous erythrocytes developed immunoglobulin class-specific gammaM, gamma(1), gamma(2a+2b), and gammaA plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. A modification of the hemolytic plaque technique, the addition of goat anti-mouse micro-chain antibody to the assay preparation, specifically prevented development of all gammaM PFC and enabled accurate and reproducible enumeration of immunoglobulin class-specific PFC after treatment with appropriate monospecific anti-globulins and complement. Culture conditions, with regard to medium, atmosphere, agitation, and spleen cell densities, were similar to those previously shown to support only gammaM PFC responses. Evaluation of the kinetics of appearance of PFC showed that gammaM PFC reached maximum numbers on days 4-5; the magnitude of this response was 3-10 times greater than gamma(1) gamma(2a+2b), or gammaA PFC which reached maximum numbers on days 5-6. Optimal erythrocyte antigen dose for gammaM PFC responses was 10(7)/culture, whereas a dose of 10(6) erythrocytes/culture consistently stimulated optimal gamma(1) gamma(2a+2b), or gammaA PFC responses. Investigations of the effects of anti-erythrocyte antibody on gammaM and gammaG PFC responses indicated that antibody suppressed these responses by neutralizing the effective antigenic stimulus at the macrophage-dependent phase of the response. At the same antibody concentration, gammaG PFC responses were more effectively suppressed than gammaM PFC responses. Further, gammaG responses could be almost completely suppressed by antibody as long as 48 hr after initiation of cultures, whereas gammaM PFC responses could only be completely suppressed during the first 24 hr. These results were discusssed in terms of the role of antigen in the stimulation gammaM and gammaG antibody.
Tracheobronchomalacia and Air Trapping after Mustard Gas Exposure
Authors: Mostafa Ghanei, Farhad Akbari Moqadam, Mehdi Mir Mohammad, Jafar Aslani
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Mustard gas primarily affects the eyes, skin, and particularly the respiratory tract. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) and air trapping are often observed in high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scans of the chest of mustard gas-exposed patients.To examine the frequency and severity of TBM in a group of Iranian wartime mustard gas-exposed victims, and to investigate the correlation between TBM and air trapping in these cases.Chest HRCT films obtained from 300 randomly selected subjects who had been exposed to mustard gas 15.5 yr previously were reviewed to determine the existence of TBM and air trapping. The HRCT films of a healthy control group were also analyzed for comparison.Out of 300 reviewed cases, 13 had TBM. From these 13 TBM cases, 11 (85%) showed air trapping with mean score of 5.5. In the control group, 5 (25%) of 20 subjects showed air trapping, with mean score of 0.6. The total air trapping was significantly higher in the TBM group (p < 0.001). There was an association between the severity of tracheomalacia and air trapping in the TBM group (p = 0.01, r = 0.69), but no association was observed between severity of bronchomalacia and air trapping.The results show that air trapping and TBM are correlated, both as long-term sequelae in mustard gas-exposed cases. Because air trapping is highly suggestive of bronchiolitis obliterans, we conclude that both bronchiolitis obliterans and TBM are caused by a single underlying process affecting small and large airways, respectively, in this group of patients.
<i>DSM-5</i>and the Naming
Authors: Richard Kravitz
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of bowel cancer in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: P. A. Blaker, D. Goldsmith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Can be achieved safely with colonoscopy screening 

Kidney transplantation is the only cure for progressive kidney failure that requires renal replacement by dialysis. This intervention is now very successful, but is limited by increased mortality associated with infection, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. One important cancer related cause of death in this population is colorectal cancer. In a linked research paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4657), Collins and colleagues study the prevalence of this cancer in kidney transplant recipients aged over 50 years and the diagnostic accuracy of colonoscopy screening in this population.1

Although deaths from colorectal cancer are starting to fall in the general population, probably because of greater public awareness and more systematic screening,2 kidney transplant recipients have a twofold increased risk of de novo colorectal cancer.3 4 5 These patients are often younger at diagnosis than those in the general population. Their five year survival rate was also significantly lower than for other patients with colorectal cancer in an observational study that used the National Cancer Institute Survival, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database.6 This worse prognosis is probably related to increased tumour aggressiveness, reduced …
Cold Defects in ln-111 Labeled Leukocyte Imaging of Osteomyelitis in the Axial Skeleton
Authors: BRIAN EISENBERG, JOHN E. POWE, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Use of In-111 oxine labeled leukocytes in the detection of osteomyelitis of the peripheral skeleton usually presents few problems. However, the diagnosis of osteomyelitis is more difficult in marrow-bearing areas because uptake of indium is normal. Sixty-one In-111 labeled leukocyte scans, that had been performed to exclude osteomyelitis of the axial skeleton, pelvis, and proximal long bones, were reviewed. Eight cold defects were identified at sites of suspected osteomyelitis. Five of these were surgically proven osteomyelitis. Nineteen percent of all cases of osteomyelitis in these areas (5 of 26) presented as cold defects. This incidence of osteomyelitis presenting as cold defects is higher than previously reported. Therefore, the possibility of osteomyelitis should be strongly considered when a cold defect is identified in red marrow areas.
Management of stroke patients
Authors: C. H McAlpine
Journal: BMJ (1995)

agents in minimal change nephropathy is contro- versial.This implies that the benefits are unproved, whereas a definite, sustained effect has been shown in controlled trials.3There are, however, side effects associated with these agents, and the authors are correct in stating that their use should be carefully considered.The consensus statement lists two clear indications for second line treatment.(1) Relapse while taking prednisolone > 0 5 mg/kg on alternate days plus one or more of (a) unaccept- able side effects of corticosteroid treatment; (b) high risk of steroid toxicity-for example, in boys approaching puberty or in diabetes; (c) unusually severe relapses (hypovolaemia or thrombosis); and (ad) inadequate facilities for follow up or concern about compliance.(2) Relapse while taking prednisolone > 1 mg/kg on alternate days.The recommended dose of cyclophos- phamide is 3 mg/kg/day for eight weeks.The report describing fewer relapses in children treated with cyclophosphamide for 12 weeks was limited to patients with steroid dependent disease.4
Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on atrioventricular conduction in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M M Scheinman, P Remedios, M D Cheitlin, R W Peters, N Holford, J Desai, J A Abbott
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Three hundred fifty-eight of 429 (83%) consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and a normal PR interval received various antiarrhythmic drugs (AD), including lidocaine and/or procainamide, quinidine, digoxin, propranolol or disopyramide. There was no significant difference in the incidence of progression to any degree of atrioventricular (AV) block or to higher degrees of AV block (Mobitz II or third-degree AV block) between those treated and not treated with AD: 38 of 358 (11%) and six of 358 (1.7%) with AD vs 11 of 71 (15%) and two of 71 (2.8%) in the untreated group, respectively. Similarly, there was no significant difference in progression between treated and untreated patients with anterior MI, 14 of 144 (10%) vs five of 32 (16%); inferior MI, 21 of 111 (19%) vs five of 26 (19%), or subendocardial MI, three of 103 (3%) vs one of 12 (8%). Bundle branch block (BBB) (without AV block) was initially present in 89 of 249 (21%). The incidence of AV block (seven of 24, 30%) was higher in treated patients with newly acquired BBB (27 patients) than in the untreated patients (none of three, p less than 0.05). The commonly used ADs did not adversely affect AV conduction in patients with acute MI with narrow QRS and either normal, first-degree, or Mobitz I AV block. Moreover, no subset of patients grouped by infarct location, specific AD used, or BBB (except perhaps for those with newly acquired BBB) appeared to be at risk of development of AV block during AD therapy.
Hospitalization Patterns of Ethiopians With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Frances T Lester
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

A survey of diabetic patients of all inpatient services in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was made for 6 mo in 1984. There were 121 hospitalizations of 116 diabetics in 3453 admissions to this 305-bed general hospital. Only 39 of the 116 were already known to its diabetes clinic; there were 24 new cases. Mean duration of hospitalization was 21.3 days, and 19.7% of bed use on medical wards during the survey was by diabetics. More than one-third of known diabetics rarely or never saw a physician until incapacitating symptoms or intercurrent illness resulted in hospitalization. Twenty-one (18%) died, one-third of chronic renal failure. I conclude that diabetes mellitus is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in an Ethiopian hospital, indicating that efficient facilities for outpatient education and stabilization are needed for Ethiopia's diabetics, particularly because inpatient facilities are scarce and resources limited. This is the first report from an African nation of hospitalization patterns of diabetic subjects.
Phase-I/II Study of Bortezomib in Combination with Carboplatin and Bevacizumab as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bilal Piperdi, William V. Walsh, Kendra Bradley, Zheng Zhou, Venu Bathini, Meredith Hanrahan-Boshes, Lloyd Hutchinson, Roman Perez-Soler
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Minimisation of aminoglycoside toxicity in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: P J Wood, L L Ioannides-Demos, S C Li, T J Williams, B Hickey, W J Spicer, R E Hooper, A J McLean
Journal: Thorax (1996)

There is evidence that administration of higher doses of aminoglycosides given less frequently improves the bactericidal effect and reduces the potential to cause side effects. To investigate this, a prospectively randomised open label therapeutic trial was undertaken in stratified groups of patients with cystic fibrosis to examine the efficacy and toxic potential of an aminoglycoside dosing regimen designed to generate high peak drug concentrations at 12 hourly intervals compared with conventional dosing at eight hourly intervals.Patients in group A received tobramycin eight hourly using a dose aimed at generating a peak concentration of 10 mg/l with trough concentrations below 2 mg/l, and those in group B received the total daily dose required to achieve eight hourly target concentrations administered as two equal 12 hourly doses. Clinical outcomes measured and assessed included vestibular symptoms, hearing and renal function, length of hospital stay, readmission rate, and mortality.Twenty nine patients were recruited during a six month period, 20 to group A and nine to group B. The average peak tobramycin level was higher in group B (12.5 (2.2) mg/l) than in group A (7.9 (1.9) mg/l), whilst the average trough level was higher in group A (0.8 (0.3) mg/l) than in group B (0.5 (0.2) mg/l). There was a difference in the number of ototoxic events between patients in group A (seven of 18, 38.9%) and group B (none of eight), but no difference was found in other outcome measures assessed.These results suggest that 12 hourly high peak aminoglycoside dosing may be less toxic than equivalent eight hourly dosing, without any apparent difference in efficacy.
Review of Denis G. Arnold, Ed.,<i>Ethics and the Business of Biomedicine</i><sup>1</sup>
Authors: Leonard J. Weber
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

"Review of Denis G. Arnold, Ed., Ethics and the Business of Biomedicine 1 ." The American Journal of Bioethics, 10(11), pp. 41–42 Notes 1. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 291 pp. $29.99. Softbound.
Dexfenfluramine neurotoxicity in brains of non-human primates
Authors: G.A. Ricaurte, M.B. Martello, A.L. Martello, M.A. Wilson, M.E. Molliver, J.L. Katz
Journal: The Lancet (1991)

Dexfenfluramine, a drug prescribed for appetite suppression, was evaluated in non-human primates for its potential to produce toxic effects on brain serotonin (5-HT) neurons. Squirrel monkeys received dexfenfluramine subcutaneously twice daily for four days at doses of 1·25 or 5·00 mg/kg. Two weeks later, a dose-related depletion of 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was found, together with a reduced number of 5-HT uptake sites. Morphological studies showed acute pathological changes in 5-HT axons, followed by a persistent decrease in 5-HT axon density. Our findings indicate that dexfenfluramine damages central 5-HT neurons in monkeys and raise concern about the potential neurotoxicity of this drug in man.