tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV in childhood
Authors: P Jones
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Although the overall incidence of HIV infection in Britain seems much lower than originally predicted, the virus is undoubtedly established in the general community. There is also no doubt that growth in prevalence is now linked directly to heterosexual transmission.1 Inevitably then, family doctors and paediatricians will see an increasing number of cases of childhood AIDS in the coming years.

Despite the risks, couples with a partner known to be infected with HIV still opt for pregnancy. If the mother is infected her baby has a 15% chance of infection; the risk of vertical transmission is higher in developing countries.2 The desire for a child despite all the problems associated with HIV infection is now so common in families with haemophilia that it has long since ceased to be remarkable. Couples brave enough to discuss intended conception with their doctors are advised to have unprotected intercourse only at the time of ovulation, measured either with a prediction test or by natural family planning techniques. At all other times abstention or protected sex is suggested to lessen fetal risk from infected semen. The size of this risk is unknown, but Semprini and colleagues have now …
Examinations and Competence-Reply
Authors: Jack R. Harnes
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply—</h3> My letter was not directed at types of examinations or their value in predicting the comparative or future competence or performance of physicians. I contend that there is an absolute level of competence, ie, knowledge, that patients and fellow physicians are entitled to expect a newly licensed physician or certified specialist to possess and that the purpose and design of a licensing or certifying examination should be to determinewhether a physician has that knowledge. Examinations that permit knowledge of esotrica to offset ignorance of facts essential to proper medical care and that merely compare the relative performance of examinees do not fulfill the aforementioned objective.
A randomised interventional trial of -3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on endothelial function and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: S A Wright, F M O'Prey, M T McHenry, W J Leahey, A B Devine, E M Duffy, D G Johnston, M B Finch, A L Bell, G E McVeigh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine the clinical effect of dietary supplementation with low-dose ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on disease activity and endothelial function in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. <h3>Methods:</h3> A 24-week randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial of the effect of 3 g of ω-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids on 60 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was performed. Serial measurements of disease activity using the revised Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM-R) and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group index of disease activity for systemic lupus erythematosus (BILAG), endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, oxidative stress using platelet 8-isoprostanes and analysis of platelet membrane fatty acids were taken at baseline, 12 and 24 weeks. <h3>Results:</h3> In the fish oil group there was a significant improvement at 24 weeks in SLAM-R (from 9.4 (SD 3.0) to 6.3 (2.5), p&lt;0.001); in BILAG (from 13.6 (6.0) to 6.7 (3.8), p&lt;0.001); in FMD (from 3.0% (−0.5 to 8.2) to 8.9% (1.3 to 16.9), p&lt;0.001) and in platelet 8-isoprostanes (from 177 pg/mg protein (23–387) to 90 pg/mg protein (32–182), p = 0.007). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Low-dose dietary supplementation with ω-3 fish oils in systemic lupus erythematosus not only has a therapeutic effect on disease activity but also improves endothelial function and reduces oxidative stress and may therefore confer cardiovascular benefits.
Progress in Surgical Pathology
Authors: Robert H. Riddell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book is a potpourri of problems, relevent in varying degrees to surgical pathology. As is the case with any multiauthored book, the contributions are markedly varied. The first, a historical article by Lefkowitch, is poorly focused, but there follows a series of pathological articles, starting with a review of staging and grading systems of colorectal cancer by Remmele. This review is rather uncritical and unfortunately omits some of Talbot's classic work on the significance of venous invasion (which conceivably might not have been in press when the article was submitted). An extensive article entitled "In Vitro Tests and Hormonal Treatment of Breast Cancer" deals primarily with estrogen receptors, their significance, and clinical correlations. The main points are well summarized at the end of the chapter, but exactly how estrogen or progesterone receptor positivity correlates with hormonal manipulation is rather vague. The remainder of the book contains some strong chapters.
Abstract 4994: Downstream targets of Id1 transcription factor in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sajitha G. Nair, Srikumar Chellappan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Id1 (Inhibitor of DNA binding/Differentiation) is a helix loop helix (HLH) protein, regulates transcription by binding to bHLH transcription factors and preventing their binding to the DNA. Id1 is especially known to mediate repression of E box proteins and Ets transcription factors. Id1 gene is overexpressed in lung, breast, pancreatic and prostate cancer and it is thought to promote the progression and metastasis of these tumors. At the same time, not much is known about its role in non-small cell lung carcinoma.Preliminary studies from our lab shows that Nicotine as well as EGF induces Id1 in both adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma cells and is notably upregulated in metastatic lung cancers. Depletion of Id1 also prevents the proliferation and invasion of NSCLS cells. Attempts were made to understand the downstream effectors of Id1 function in lung cancer progression and metastasis. As a step in this direction, A549 (K-Ras mutant, EGFR wild-type) and H1650 (K-Ras wild-type, EGFR mutant) cells were transfected with short interfering RNA (siRNA) for Id1and stimulated with 1μm Nicotine or 100ng/ml EGF. The samples were subjected to microarray analysis to identify various genes upregulated and downregulated in the Id1 siRNA transfected cell lines. 200 genes were upregulated 2 fold or more by Nicotine and 150 by EGF. Few genes such as stathmin like-3 (STMN3), GSPT1 (G1 to S phase transition), TPD52 (tumor protein D52) were downregulated in the absence of Id1 suggesting those are Id1 regulated genes. The microarray results were validated using Real-time PCR for the above genes. Further depletion of these three genes resulted in decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Indeed STMN3 promoter could be induced by Id1 and Id1 was necessary for Nicotine to induce this gene. These results might reveal the mechanisms by which Id1 promotes tumor progression and metastasis. STMN3 is a microtubule destabilizing phosphoprotein which is overexpressed in adenocarcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma and induced tumor cell proliferation, migration and matrix invasion in respective cell lines. GSPT1, which is also known as eukaryotic translation release factor eRF3 and TPD52 are also reported to be over expressed in various kinds of cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4994. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4994
DON’T HOLD YOUR BREATH: IS SLEEP APNEA MORE COMMON IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE?
Authors: Arwa Saidi, Petar Breitinger, Diego Moguillansky, Connie Nixon, Brandon Kuebler, James Fudge, Fredrick Fricker, Karen Stout
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Apolipoprotein O is mitochondrial and promotes lipotoxicity in heart
Authors: Annie Turkieh, Céline Caubère, Manon Barutaut, Franck Desmoulin, Romain Harmancey, Michel Galinier, Matthieu Berry, Camille Dambrin, Carlo Polidori, Louis Casteilla, François Koukoui, Philippe Rouet, Fatima Smih
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a secondary complication of diabetes with an unclear etiology. Based on a functional genomic evaluation of obesity-associated cardiac gene expression, we previously identified and cloned the gene encoding apolipoprotein O (APOO), which is overexpressed in hearts from diabetic patients. Here, we generated APOO-Tg mice, transgenic mouse lines that expresses physiological levels of human APOO in heart tissue. APOO-Tg mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited depressed ventricular function with reduced fractional shortening and ejection fraction, and myocardial sections from APOO-Tg mice revealed mitochondrial degenerative changes. In vivo fluorescent labeling and subcellular fractionation revealed that APOO localizes with mitochondria. Furthermore, APOO enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling and respiration, both of which were reduced by deletion of the N-terminus and by targeted knockdown of APOO. Consequently, fatty acid metabolism and ROS production were enhanced, leading to increased AMPK phosphorylation and Ppara and Pgc1a expression. Finally, we demonstrated that the APOO-induced cascade of events generates a mitochondrial metabolic sink whereby accumulation of lipotoxic byproducts leads to lipoapoptosis, loss of cardiac cells, and cardiomyopathy, mimicking the diabetic heart–associated metabolic phenotypes. Our data suggest that APOO represents a link between impaired mitochondrial function and cardiomyopathy onset, and targeting APOO-dependent metabolic remodeling has potential as a strategy to adjust heart metabolism and protect the myocardium from impaired contractility.
Familial severe congenital neutropenia associated with infantile osteoporosis: A new entity
Authors: R. Elhasid, L.C. Hofbauer, S. Ish‐Shalom, M. Ben‐Arush, O. Koc, J.M. Rowe, A. Etzioni
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract A new entity manifested by severe congenital neutropenia associated with osteoporosis and recurrent bone fracture is described in a family. A possible role for a new recognized cytokine system involved in bone remodeling, the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand, is suggested. Am. J. Hematol. 72:34–37, 2003. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B cell–specific loss of histone 3 lysine 9 methylation in the VH locus depends on Pax5
Authors: Kristen Johnson, David L Pflugh, Duonan Yu, David G T Hesslein, Kuo-I Lin, Alfred L M Bothwell, Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko, David G Schatz, Kathryn Calame
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Abstract 2076: βIII-tubulin is required for the tumorigenic phenotype and resistance to anoikis via the PTEN/AKT signaling axis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Joshua A. McCarroll, Pei Pei Gan, Rafael B. Erlich, Marjorie Liu, Tanya Dwarte, Mia C. Akerfeldt, Melissa Chang, Michael S. Shum, Frances Byrne, Maria Kavallaris
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a dismal prognosis and remains the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Expression of βIII-tubulin, encoded by the TUBB3 gene, is associated with clinical resistance and aggressive disease in NSCLC1. Herein, we interrogated the mechanistic role of βIII-tubulin in regulating the tumorigenic potential of NSCLC. METHODS: Functional studies involved independent clones of NSCLC H460 cells stably expressing shRNA targeting βIII-tubulin, H460 controls stably expressing (non-functional) shRNA and βIII-tubulin rescue clones established in our laboratory2. Differential proteomics was conducted using fluorescence based 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry. Gene and protein expression performed by qRT-PCR and western blotting respectively. To assess effects on tumor growth and incidence we used metastatic (tail vein) and subcutaneous models of NSCLC. Tumors monitored by CT or Xenogen imaging. RESULTS: Functional and differential proteomics revealed that βIII-tubulin regulates expression of tumor growth- and metastases-associated proteins. In particular, the tumor suppressor maspin, associated with adhesion and metastasis, was differentially regulated by βIII-tubulin. Functionally, βIII-tubulin suppression led to altered cell morphology, increased cell adhesion and increased sensitivity to anoikis. Mechanistically, we identified PTEN and AKT kinase as a key signaling axis mediating anoikis and regulated by βIII-tubulin levels in NSCLC cells. Finally, βIII-tubulin suppression was shown to reduce NSCLC tumor growth and incidence in vivo. Collectively, these data identified βIII-tubulin as a regulator of tumor growth and metastasis through regulation of PTEN and AKT signaling. We conclude that suppressing βIII-tubulin may reduce tumor growth in NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first study to show that silencing βIII-tubulin alters the expression of proteins involved in promoting tumorigenicity and increases sensitivity to anoikis, leading to reduced tumor incidence. Targeting βIII-tubulin could be a promising strategy for inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis in NSCLC. 1 Kavallaris, M. Nature Rev Cancer, 10:194-204, 2010 2 McCarroll et al. Cancer Res 70 :4995-5003, 2010 Citation Format: Joshua A. McCarroll, Pei Pei Gan, Rafael B. Erlich, Marjorie Liu, Tanya Dwarte, Mia C. Akerfeldt, Melissa Chang, Michael S. Shum, Frances Byrne, Maria Kavallaris. βIII-tubulin is required for the tumorigenic phenotype and resistance to anoikis via the PTEN/AKT signaling axis in non-small cell lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2076. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2076
A memorable patient: Effective communication
Authors: D. Bennett-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

I never met my memorable patient. Indeed, he presented before I was born and, for all I know, he may have died before I even graduated. I was a house officer when my father, then a practising consultant physician and now retired, told me the story of the patient's unusual presentation and diagnosis, from some 30 years previously.

The patient, a tram driver in Liverpool, had been observed to struggle ineffectually with a simple task while working on the tramlines immediately outside the city's Adelphi Hotel. A smartly dressed stranger came up to the tram driver and presented him with a slip of paper which had a single word written on it, and he instructed the man to take the piece of paper to his doctor. This encounter occurred in the 1950s during a meeting of the Association of Physicians being held in Liverpool, when many of the foremost physicians of the time were staying at the Adelphi Hotel. A few days later, my father happened to be working in the clinic to which the patient presented, and he noted the clinical features of puffy face, dry skin, delayed reflexes, and mental lassitude. A month later, after he started taking thyroid extract, the life of the patient had been transformed. The single word on the slip of paper? Myxoedema, of course.

Why so memorable? I was taught not only the importance of simple observation in making a diagnosis, but also that the value of a communication bears little relation to its length.
Therapeutic Efficacy of the Somatostatin Analog SMS 201-995 (Octreotide) in Acromegaly
Authors: Kian Y. Ho
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the efficacy of stepwise incremental doses, to compare twice- with thrice-daily administration of the same total daily dosage of the long-acting somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 (octreotide, Sandoz Australia, Sydney, Australia), and to evaluate the risk for cholelithiasis after long-term therapy for acromegaly. Design: Nonrandomized, controlled trial. Setting: Tertiary care center at a medical research institute. Patients: Sequential sample of 19 patients with active acromegaly. Twenty-five age-matched normal subjects were also studied to establish the normal range for growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I). Interventions: Eight patients (group 1 ) were treated with 100, 250, and 500 μg twice daily of octreotide, then switched to 333 μg three times daily, whereas 11 patients (group 2) were treated with 100, 200, 300, and 500 μg three times daily. Each treatment stage lasted 6 to 12 weeks. Measurements and Main Results: Octreotide, 100 μg administered twice or thrice daily, significantly reduced mean 12-hour and nadir GH (P < 0.01), IGF-1 (P < 0.05), and hand volume (P < 0.05). Dose increment to 500 μg in both groups did not further reddce mean 12-hour GH, nadir GH, or hand volume. Switching from 500 μg twice daily to 333 ?g thrice daily resulted in significant (P < 0.05) reduction of mean 12-hour GH, IGF-1, and hand volume. Normalization of mean 12-hour GH and IGF-1 occurred in 8 of 19 patients; 7 of the 8 patients had pretherapy mean 12-hour GH below 20 mIU/L. The pretherapy mean blood glucose was a significant negative predictor (r = -0.89) of the change in mean blood glucose during therapy. Gallstones were present in 9 of 18 patients after therapy. Conclusion: Thrice-daily was more effective than twicedaily administration of octreotide, and dose increments above 100 μg thrice daily did not confer additional benefit. Biochemical remission was achieved in 40% of patients and was dependent on the GH concentration at initiation of treatment. Cholelithiasis is a risk of octreotide therapy. Octreotide is effective and can be considered as a first-line therapy in patients with acromegaly with mean pretherapy GH concentrations below 20 mIU/L. In patients with mean GH over 20 mIU/L, octreotide may be used as an adjuvant to surgery or radiotherapy.
Complementary Medicine Congress Draws a Crowd
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ALTERNATIVE medical practices are edging their way into the US health care system. If anyone remained unaware of this movement (<i>N Engl J Med</i>. 1993;328:246-252 and 282-283), the proceedings at the first International Congress on Alternative and Complementary Medicine, held in Arlington, Va, would have enlightened them. Legislative moves (both federal and state), steps to ensure access to alternative (or complementary or unconventional) medical therapies, and a long list of alternative medical practices including homeopathy, massage, spiritual healing, special diets, relaxation techniques, and more were discussed by nearly 200 speakers during the 4-day conference. The event is a reflection of public interest in the topic. During the first session, it was announced that from now on the congress would be an annual affair. It was organized by Mary Ann Liebert, publisher of the<i>Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine</i>and<i>Alternative Complementary Therapies</i>. The first is a peer-reviewed journal edited
Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy and Multiple Coronary Arterioventricular Fistulae
Authors: Vasco Dias, Sofia Cabral, Miguel Vieira, Isabel Sá, Diana Anjo, Catarina Gomes, Ana Meireles, Nuno Antunes, Mario Santos, Henrique Carvalho, Severo Torres
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Day in the Life of Oscar the Cat
Authors: David M. Dosa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Oscar the Cat awakens from his nap, opening a single eye to survey his kingdom. From atop the desk in the doctor's charting area, the cat peers down the two wings of the nursing home's advanced dementia unit. All quiet on the western and eastern fronts. Slowly, he rises and extravagantly stretches his 2-year-old frame, first backward and then forward. He sits up and considers his next move.In the distance, a resident approaches. It is Mrs. P., who has been living on the dementia unit's third floor for 3 years now. She has long forgotten her family, even though . . .
Public Awareness and Lobbying: Group 3 Report
Authors: G. Hoff, J. Blanchard, M. Crespi, L. Faulds Wood, M. Keighley, V. Lamy, F. Langmark, K. Peterson, J. -F. Rey, K. Robertshaw, S. Zakaria
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Some may be offended by it, but the truth is that whether you want to promote a religious view, a war on Iraq, or bowel screening, obtaining sustained supportive public opinion depends on timing, selection of facts (also by the recipient), consensus among opinion leaders and, for the last two secular ”projects”, your performance. In some countries, such as Norway, it used to be unethical for the medical profession, and in practice prohibited, to advertise more than just your opening hours to attract patients. Times are changing, but we should still be required to give ”the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth” when we advertise screening to individuals with no complaints who face the choice and the pressure of attending a public screening service that they may not have asked for. The first step of an awareness campaign is that we, the professionals and opinion leaders, scrutinize our own awareness: what we consider to be undisputable facts, what we strongly believe are facts, and what we just think, as religious believers do, may some day turn into facts.
Familial acanthosis nigricans with madarosis
Authors: S-D. CHUANG, S-H. JEE, H-C. CHIU, J-S. CHEN, J-T. LIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We report familial acanthosis nigricans affecting a 35‐year‐old woman, her 7‐year‐old son and 5 year‐old daughter. Absence of the eyebrows and eyelashes was noted in this family. The mother had no axillary hair and her pubic hair was sparse. The boy also suffered from congenital heart disease and a congenital cataract in the left eye. The combination of acanthosis nigricans and ectodermal defects in this family may represent a distinct nosological entity.
Homicide might have been avoided, says Welsh review
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The killing of a vicar by a man with mental health problems could not have been predicted, but the chance of it happening might have been less had he received appropriate treatment after an earlier incident.

Had Geraint Evans undergone a full psychiatric assessment after an earlier incident of self harm, a diagnosis of psychosis could have been made and appropriate treatment begun, concludes a review of the case by Healthcare Inspectorate Wales, which makes a number of recommendations.

When Mr Evans originally attended hospital there was a 40 minute wait to see the psychiatric team and he left without being seen. No attempt …
The wall between neurology and psychiatry
Authors: M. G Baker
Journal: BMJ (2002)

For more than 2000 years in the West, neurology and psychiatry were thought to be part of a single, unified branch of medicine, which was often designated neuropsychiatry. Charcot, Freud, Jackson, Bleuler, among many others, thought in terms of a unified study of the brain and the mind, irrespective of special clinical and research interests. During the 20th century, however, a schism emerged as each of these fields went its separate way. Neurologists focused on those brain disorders with cognitive and behavioural abnormalities that also presented with somatic signs—stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and so forth—while psychiatrists focused on those disorders of mood and thought associated with no, or minor, physical signs found in the neurological examination of the motor and sensory systems—schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and so on. For certain disorders, conflicting theories emerged about their aetiology and pathogenesis, at times engendering negative …