tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct regulation of tonsillar immune response in virus infection
Authors: T. Jartti, O. Palomares, M. Waris, O. Tastan, R. Nieminen, T. Puhakka, B. Rückert, A. Aab, T. Vuorinen, T. Allander, T. Vahlberg, O. Ruuskanen, M. Akdis, C. A. Akdis
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract Background The relationships between tonsillar immune responses, and viral infection and allergy are incompletely known. Objective To study intratonsillar/nasopharyngeal virus detections and in vivo expressions of T ‐cell‐ and innate immune response‐specific cytokines, transcription factors, and type I/II/III interferons in human tonsils. Methods Palatine tonsil samples were obtained from 143 elective tonsillectomy patients. Adenovirus, bocavirus‐1, coronavirus, enteroviruses, influenza virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus were detected using PCR . The m RNA expression levels of IFN ‐α, IFN ‐β, IFN ‐γ, IL ‐10, IL ‐13, IL ‐17, IL ‐28, IL ‐29, IL ‐37, TGF ‐β, FOXP 3, GATA 3, RORC 2, and Tbet were directly analyzed by quantitative RT ‐ PCR . Results Fifty percentage of subjects reported allergy, 59% had ≥1 nasopharyngeal viruses, and 24% had ≥1 intratonsillar viruses. Tonsillar virus detection showed a strong negative association with age; especially rhinovirus or parainfluenza virus detection showed positive association with IFN ‐γ and T bet expressions. IL‐37 expression was positively associated with atopic dermatitis, whereas IFN ‐α, IL ‐13, IL ‐28, and Tbet expressions were negatively associated with allergic diseases. Network analyses demonstrated strongly polarized clusters of immune regulatory ( IL ‐10, IL ‐17, TGF ‐β, FOXP 3, GATA 3, RORC 2, Tbet) and antiviral ( IFN ‐α, IFN ‐β, IL ‐28, IL ‐29) genes. These two clusters became more distinctive in the presence of viral infection or allergy. A negative correlation between antiviral cytokines and IL ‐10, IL ‐17, IL ‐37, FOXP 3, and RORC 2 was observed only in the presence of viruses, and interestingly, IL ‐13 strongly correlated with antiviral cytokines. Conclusions Tonsillar cytokine expression is closely related to existing viral infections, age, and allergic illnesses and shows distinct clusters between antiviral and immune regulatory genes.
Early gastric cancer in Europe
Authors: S M EVERETT, A T R AXON
Journal: Gut (1997)

Despite mass population screening and an incidence of EGC in Japan that is at least double that of the West, there seem to be no genuine differences in the clinicopathological features of the disease between the two regions. The macroscopic appearance, size, depth of invasion, frequency of lymph node invasion, and histology of EGC are all remarkably similar in Japan, Europe and America, as are sex and age distributions. Patients with EGC are a number of years younger than those with advanced cancer. This is not surprising: Tsukuma et al followed 56 cases of EGC that were not surgically treated and estimated that the median “duration of EGC” before becoming advanced was 37 months.87 This suggests that EGC undergoes a period of slow growth before becoming advanced. Further differences between early and advanced cancers include a higher frequency of synchronous cancers and a longer symptom duration in EGC. Unfavourable prognostic factors in EGC include lymph node invasion, and invasion through the muscularis mucosae, though it is not clear whether these are independent. Repeated attempts have been made to identify other prognostic factors, but no clear pattern has emerged, with the possible exceptions of patient age, tumour size, and the presence of ulceration. The postsurgical outcome of EGC in the West is marginally less favourable than in Japan. In view of the similar clinical and pathological features in the two regions it seems likely, therefore, that this is because of the more aggressive surgical techniques traditionally used in Japan. Conversely, however, EMR has recently emerged as an important technique in Japan. Despite the advantages of low operative mortality and normal function of the postoperative stomach, there are also a number of potential disadvantages. It would seem sensible, therefore, to await the results of long term follow up studies before widespread adoption of EMR in Europe. Nevertheless, this technique should be considered for frail patients unfit for more radical surgery.
Investigation of plasma von Willebrand factor and circulating platelet aggregating activity in mitomycin C‐related hemolytic‐uremic syndrome
Authors: Juan Monteagudo, Arturo Pereira, Susana Roig, Juan C. Reverter, Antonio Ordinas, Ricardo Castillo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

We have studied the ability of the plasma to induce aggregation of both homologous and heterologous platelets in four patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with chemotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC). Neither platelet aggregation was elicited by patients' plasmas nor the in vitro addition of purified von Willebrand factor (vWF) had any effect on the aggregation pattern. In addition, ristocetin-induced binding of patients' vWF to formaldehyde-fixed platelets was normal, and multimeric vWF analysis revealed a normal structure of patients' plasmatic vWF whatever the clinical stage in which it was studied. These findings suggest that, in spite of the existence of common clinical and biological features in the various forms of HUS, the pathogenesis of MMC-related HUS may be, at least in part, different from that of the other forms of HUS in which both platelet-aggregating activity and alterations in the vWF are found.
Abstract 4769: Combinatorial effect of thermally targeted p21 polypeptide and bortezomib in prostate cancer
Authors: Ana-Matea Mikecin, Mariam Syed, Drazen Raucher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin malignancy in men and is responsible for more deaths than any other type of cancer, except lung cancer. Most cases of prostate cancer are androgen dependent. However, during androgen ablation therapy androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cells are selected via multiple mechanisms. Since, AIPC cells are immune to androgen deprivation their appearance represents a major obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer. Several mechanisms used by prostate cancer cells require proteasome function among which is androgen receptor recycling as well as degradation of NK-KB inhibitor IKB. Bortezomib, a FDA-approved proteosome inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma was shown to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in many tumor types including AIPC, where it was shown to have a modest effect as a single treatment regime. Previously in our laboratory, Bac-ELP-p21 was found to inhibit the proliferation of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells and induce S-phase arrest as well as apoptosis. Driven by the need for new therapeutic means for AIPC, we investigated the inhibitory effects of the p21 mimetic peptide on the growth of the androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 as well as its potential to be used as a combination therapy with Bortezomib. For our prostate cancer research, we have further optimized the delivery system in order to get higher yields of purified protein as well as better temperature response. The redesigned p21-ELP1-Bac polypeptide retained its ability to enter both PC3 and DU145 cells and localize into the nucleus, which was confirmed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. Using MTS assay, we have shown that the IC50 value of both Bortezomib and the p21 mimetic peptide decreased by 1.5 and 4.5 times, respectively, when those two drugs were used in combination in both PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the combination treatment lead to an increase in phosphatidylserine exposure in both cell lines observed using flow cytometry after staining with Alexa 488 Annexin and propidium iodide. Using a BrdU incorporation assay combined with PI staining, we found that treatment with p21-ELP-Bac after treatment with Bortezomib caused an increase in the G1 phase of arrested cells in both cell lines. The thermally responsive macromolecular carrier combines the advantages of thermal targeting to the tumor site with targeting of a specific molecular pathway. Our results show that small molecule proteosomal inhibition combined with p21-ELP-Bac represents a promising AIPC treatment that can be further utilized with other therapeutic peptides. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4769. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4769
Weekly Paclitaxel and Carboplatin against Advanced Transitional Cell Cancer after Failure of a Platinum-Based Regimen
Authors: Tsutomu Kouno, Masashi Ando, Kan Yonemori, Koji Matsumoto, Chikako Shimizu, Noriyuki Katsumata, Motokiyo Komiyama, Eijiro Okajima, Naoki Matsuoka, Hiroyuki Fujimoto, Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Randomized, Double-blind Comparison of Hirulog Versus Heparin in Patients Receiving Streptokinase and Aspirin for Acute Myocardial Infarction (HERO)
Authors: H. D. White, P. E. Aylward, M. J. Frey, A. A. J. Adgey, R. Nair, W. S. Hillis, Y. Shalev, M. A. Brown, J. K. French, R. Collins, J. Maraganore, B. Adelman
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Thrombolytic therapy improves survival after myocardial infarction through reperfusion of the infarct-related artery. Thrombin generated during thrombolytic administration may reduce the efficacy of thrombolysis. A direct thrombin inhibitor may improve early patency rates. Methods and Results Four hundred twelve patients presenting within 12 hours with ST-segment elevation were given aspirin and streptokinase and randomized in a double-blind manner to receive up to 60 hours of either heparin (5000 U bolus followed by 1000 to 1200 U/h), low-dose hirulog (0.125 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.25 mg · kg −1 · h −1 for 12 hours then 0.125 mg · kg −1 · h −1 ), or high-dose hirulog (0.25 mg/kg bolus followed by 0.5 mg · kg −1 · h −1 for 12 hours then 0.25 mg · kg −1 · h −1 ). The primary outcome was Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction trial (TIMI) grade 3 flow of the infarct-related artery at 90 to 120 minutes. TIMI 3 flow was 35% (95% CI, 28% to 44%) with heparin, 46% (95% CI, 38% to 55%) with low-dose hirulog, and 48% (95% CI, 40% to 57%) with high-dose hirulog (heparin versus hirulog, P =.023; heparin versus high-dose hirulog, P =.03). At 48 hours, reocclusion had occurred in 7% of heparin, 5% of low-dose hirulog, and 1% of high-dose hirulog patients ( P =NS). By 35 days, death, cardiogenic shock, or reinfarction had occurred in 25 heparin (17.9%), 19 low-dose hirulog (14%), and 17 high-dose hirulog patients (12.5%) ( P =NS). Two strokes occurred with heparin, none with low-dose hirulog, and two with high-dose hirulog. Major bleeding (40% from the groin site) occurred in 28% of heparin, 14% of low-dose hirulog, and 19% of high-dose hirulog patients (heparin versus low-dose hirulog, P &lt;.01). Conclusions Hirulog was more effective than heparin in producing early patency in patients treated with aspirin and streptokinase without increasing the risk of major bleeding. Direct thrombin inhibition may improve clinical outcome.
HbA1c and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kasia J. Lipska, E. Margaret Warton, Elbert S. Huang, Howard H. Moffet, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Harlan M. Krumholz, Andrew J. Karter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We examined the association between HbA1c level and self-reported severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Type 2 diabetic patients in a large, integrated healthcare system, who were 30-77 years of age and treated with glucose-lowering therapy, were asked about severe hypoglycemia requiring assistance in the year prior to the Diabetes Study of Northern California survey conducted in 2005-2006 (62% response rate). The main exposure of interest was the last HbA1c level collected in the year preceding the observation period. Poisson regression models adjusted for selected demographic and clinical variables were specified to evaluate the relative risk (RR) of severe hypoglycemia across HbA1c levels. We also tested whether the HbA1c-hypoglycemia association differed across potential effect modifiers (age, diabetes duration, and category of diabetes medication).Among 9,094 eligible survey respondents (mean age 59.5 ± 9.8 years, mean HbA1c 7.5 ± 1.5%), 985 (10.8%) reported experiencing severe hypoglycemia. Across HbA1c levels, rates of hypoglycemia were 9.3-13.8%. Compared with those with HbA1c of 7-7.9%, the RR of hypoglycemia was 1.25 (95% CI 0.99-1.57), 1.01 (0.87-1.18), 0.99 (0.82-1.20), and 1.16 (0.97-1.38) among those with HbA1c <6, 6-6.9, 8-8.9, and ≥9%, respectively, in a fully adjusted model. Age, diabetes duration, and category of diabetes medication did not significantly modify the HbA1c-hypoglycemia relationship.Severe hypoglycemia was common among patients with type 2 diabetes across all levels of glycemic control. Risk tended to be higher in patients with either near-normal glycemia or very poor glycemic control.
Illness as media spectacle
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Did the display of the pope's suffering go too far? 

N o patient with Parkinson's disease has ever died such a public death as Pope John Paul II. In his final weeks, days, and hours, the progress of his disease was visible on the 84 year old's face and chronicled in clinical detail by Vatican bulletins, relayed around the world by every television network, radio, and newspaper.

On Good Friday giant screens set up around the Coliseum showed the slouched figure as he followed the proceedings of services from his private chapel. His face was not filmed, as he was breathing with the help of a respirator. While any other patient in such advanced stages of the disease would retreat and rest, the leader of the world's Catholics, who had lost 19 kg since his tracheotomy on 23 February, made two heart wrenching appearances at his window overlooking St Peter's Square, looking gaunt, in pain, and distressed as he tried and failed to utter a few words to the Easter crowds.

In his final days Italian newspapers ran headlines progressively marking the pope's …
Vasodilatory effects of C-type natriuretic peptide on forearm resistance vessels are distinct from those of atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic heart failure.
Authors: M Nakamura, N Arakawa, H Yoshida, S Makita, K Hiramori
Journal: Circulation (1994)

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is a newly identified peptide that is structurally related to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Although it has been suggested that CNP is released from the endothelium for the regulation of local vascular tone, no data are available concerning the vasodilatory response to CNP in humans.Strain-gauge plethysmography was used to determine the vasodilatory effects of intra-arterially infused CNP compared with the effects of ANP infusion in 11 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and 11 age-matched healthy controls. Graded doses of CNP and ANP (8, 16, 32, and 48 pmol.min-1.dL-1 tissue volume) were administered randomly into the nondominant brachial artery, and forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured. No significant changes in systemic blood pressure and heart rate were found during the study. Both the absolute and percent FBF responses to ANP relative to the baseline value were significantly lower in CHF patients than in healthy controls (P < .01), whereas the responses to CNP were similar. The calculated forearm spillover of cyclic GMP (cGMP) was significantly lower in CHF patients receiving the highest dose of ANP (P < .02), whereas changes in cGMP spillover after the equimolar dose of CNP were significantly higher (P < .02), despite the lesser potency of CNP.In patients with CHF the peripheral vasodilatory effect of ANP is attenuated, but CNP-induced peripheral vasorelaxation is preserved, with CNP being less potent for equimolar doses.
BIPHASIC Trial
Authors: Ian G. Stiell, Robert G. Walker, Lisa P. Nesbitt, Fred W. Chapman, Donna Cousineau, James Christenson, Paul Bradford, Sunil Sookram, Ross Berringer, Paula Lank, George A. Wells
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— There is little clear evidence as to the optimal energy levels for initial and subsequent shocks in biphasic waveform defibrillation. The present study compared fixed lower- and escalating higher-energy regimens for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods and Results— The Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare Fixed Versus Escalating Energy Regimens for Biphasic Waveform Defibrillation (BIPHASIC Trial) was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 221 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received ≥1 shock given by biphasic automated external defibrillator devices that were randomly programmed to provide, blindly, fixed lower-energy (150-150-150 J) or escalating higher-energy (200-300-360 J) regimens. Patient mean age was 66.0 years; 79.6% were male. The cardiac arrest was witnessed in 63.8%; a bystander performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 23.5%; and initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia in 92.3%. The fixed lower- and escalating higher-energy regimen cases were similar for the 106 multishock patients and for all 221 patients. In the primary analysis in multishock patients, conversion rates differed significantly (fixed lower, 24.7%, versus escalating higher, 36.6%; P =0.035; absolute difference, 11.9%; 95% CI, 1.2 to 24.4). Ventricular fibrillation termination rates also were significantly different between groups (71.2% versus 82.5%; P =0.027; absolute difference, 11.3%; 95% CI, 1.6 to 20.9). For the secondary analysis of first shock success, conversion rates were similar between the fixed lower and escalating higher study groups (38.4% versus 36.7%; P =0.92), as were ventricular fibrillation termination rates (86.8% versus 88.8%; P =0.81). There were no distinguishable differences between regimens for survival outcomes or adverse effects. Conclusions— This is the first randomized trial to compare fixed lower and escalating higher biphasic energy regimens in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and it demonstrated higher rates of ventricular fibrillation conversion and termination with an escalating higher-energy regimen for patients requiring multiple shocks. These results suggest that patients in ventricular fibrillation benefit from higher biphasic energy levels if multiple defibrillation shocks are required.
Brain ouabain-like activity and the sympathoexcitatory and pressor effects of central sodium in rats.
Authors: B S Huang, E Harmsen, H Yu, F H Leenen
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Intracerebroventricularly infused hypertonic saline elicits sympathoexcitatory and pressor effects. To clarify the mechanisms mediating these effects, we evaluated blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to intracerebroventricular administration of 0.3 M NaCl, ouabain, and rat hypothalamic and pituitary extracts containing ouabain-like activity (OLA) in conscious Wistar rats, before and after intracerebroventricular preinjection of digoxin-specific antibody Fab (DAF) fragments. To exclude modulatory effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP), treatment with DAF fragments was in all experiments preceded by intravenous injection of the AVP antagonist [beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl1,o- Me-Tyr2,Arg8]AVP. After AVP antagonist pretreatment, 0.3 M NaCl i.c.v. at 3.8 microliters/min for 10 minutes caused simultaneous increases in BP, RSNA, and HR. After AVP antagonist pretreatment, intracerebroventricular injections of 0.3 and 1.0 microgram/l microliter ouabain or the OLA equivalent to 1 microgram ouabain/2 microliters elicited similar significant increases in BP, HR, and RSNA. After pretreatment with AVP antagonist and DAF fragments (66 micrograms/4 microliters i.c.v.), BP, HR, and RSNA responses to 0.3 M NaCl, ouabain, and OLA were all significantly diminished. In contrast, combined AVP blockade and DAF fragments did not affect the BP response to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II, the BP, HR, and RSNA response to intracerebroventricular carbachol and to air stress, or the HR and RSNA responses to intravenous sodium nitroprusside. Intracerebroventricularly injected gamma-globulins (66 micrograms/4 microliters) did not affect the responses to 0.3 M NaCl, ouabain, or OLA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonfasting Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: William S. Yancy, Jeff S. Volek, Eric C. Westman
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impaired Antibacterial Host Defense in Mice Lacking the <i>N</i>-formylpeptide Receptor
Authors: Ji-Liang Gao, Eric J. Lee, Philip M. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

N-formylpeptides derive from bacterial and mitochondrial proteins, and bind to specific receptors on mammalian phagocytes. Since binding induces chemotaxis and activation of phagocytes in vitro, it has been postulated that N-formylpeptide receptor signaling in vivo may be important in antimicrobial host defense, although direct proof has been lacking. Here we test this hypothesis in mice lacking the high affinity N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR), created by targeted gene disruption. FPR-/- mice developed normally, but had increased susceptibility to challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, as measured by increased mortality compared with wild-type littermates. FPR-/- mice also had increased bacterial load in spleen and liver 2 d after infection, which is before development of a specific cellular immune response, suggesting a defect in innate immunity. Consistent with this, neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and neutrophil mobilization into peripheral blood in vivo in response to the prototype N-formylpeptide fMLF (formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) were both absent in FPR-/- mice. These results indicate that FPR functions in antibacterial host defense in vivo.
Adaptive Index of Hemoglobin Color Enhancement for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Disease
Authors: M. Igarashi, Y. Saitoh, T. Fujii
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Endoscopists base diagnoses on several important findings, such as deviations from the normal mucosal color tone, changes in vascular networks, mucosal unevenness, fold deformity, and the presence or absence of ulcers. Changes in color tone are often the most important factor in the identification of tumors or the evaluation of the severity and nature of inflammation. The color tone seen during endoscopic examination has been studied extensively in Japan, and new instruments related to this have been developed [1] [2] [3]. A new series of videoscopes incorporate the feature of color emphasis image processing, which permits visualization of mucosal blood flow and estimation of changes in flow [4].