tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Patterns and A1C in Japanese Men and Women
Authors: Akiko Nanri, Tetsuya Mizoue, Daigo Yoshida, Ryota Takahashi, Ryoichi Takayanagi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Dietary patterns in Western populations have been linked to type 2 diabetes, but the role of diet in Japanese remains unclear. We investigated the association between major dietary patterns and glucose tolerance status as measured by A1C in Japanese adults.The groups of subjects were comprised of 3,243 men and 4,667 women who participated in the baseline survey of an ongoing cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases in Fukuoka, Japan. Dietary patterns were derived by using principal-component analysis of the consumption of 49 food items, ascertained by a food-frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) of elevated A1C (>or=5.5%), with adjustment for potential confounding variables.The Westernized breakfast pattern characterized by frequent intake of bread but infrequent intake of rice was inversely related to A1C concentrations (P(trend) = 0.02 in both men and women); the multivariate-adjusted ORs for the highest versus lowest quintiles were 0.60 (95% CI 0.43-0.84) and 0.64 (0.46-0.90) for men and women, respectively. The seafood dietary pattern was positively associated with A1C concentrations in men only (P(trend) = 0.01). Neither the healthy nor high-fat dietary pattern was related to A1C.A dietary pattern featuring frequent intake of white rice may deteriorate glucose metabolism in Japanese men and women, and the salty seafood dietary pattern may have a similar effect in men.
Assessment of bronchoreversibility in severe emphysema
Authors: J.E. Hansen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

The extensive analysis by Han et al . 1 of the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) research group concerning bronchoreversibility is important for clinicians. They repeatedly assessed 544 patients with severe emphysema for up to 5 yrs noting changes in their forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) before and after administration of two inhalations of albuterol.

To define bronchoreversibility they unfortunately followed the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guideline recommendations for FEV1 responses 2. These guidelines require both a 12% increase in FEV1 and a 200-mL increase in FEV1 to indicate a positive test, levels which are based on expert opinions rather than statistical analysis …
Teenagers with back pain
Authors: A. D. Jakes, R. Phillips, M. Scales
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line

A 13 year old boy attends with his mother, complaining of aching lower back pain for two weeks.

### History

The onset, duration, and nature of the pain will help to differentiate non-specific (that is, unexplained, non-pathological) back pain from potentially serious conditions:

Focused questions to illicit “red flags” are essential (box 1). By definition, teenagers with back pain fulfil one of these red flags as they are under 20 years old, requiring a high index of suspicion.

#### Box 1 Red flags—features that may indicate serious spinal pathology1

Pain at night, constant unremitting pain, or pain that spreads into the buttocks/legs may be manifestations of infection, arthritis, fracture, or malignancy. Morning stiffness (>30 minutes) or stiffness with rest or inactivity suggests an inflammatory cause, and the presence of uveitis, enthesitis, or family history of HLA-B27 warrants investigation for juvenile arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A personal or family history of psoriasis, nail changes, or inflammatory bowel disease increases the likelihood of a spondyloarthropathy. Systemic symptoms such as …
Minds and machines. Interactive voice response technology to detect mental disorders
Authors: R. M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Interacting over the telephone with a machine, rather than a person, by listening to a menu of recorded voice options and responding by pressing numbers on a push-button telephone has become one of the realities defining life in the current era. Experiencing these interactive voice response (IVR) systems can be frustrating if the menu doesn't lead to a satisfactory result, but the convenience and continuous around-the-clock availability of such systems are major advantages, and dissatisfied users may forget that having direct access to a person at the other end of the line doesn't guarantee a good outcome.  See also p 905.  The use of computer-automated IVR systems is also expanding into one of the most personal areas of human experience—the evaluation and treatment of mental disorders. 1 The use of computerized systems for collecting data and administering rating scales 2 on mental health topics seems straightforward enough, but there has even
The Victim Is Always the Same
Authors: Norman B. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This remarkable little book, absorbing for the physician and sufficiently explicit for the layman, uses an infrequent disease, dystonia musculorum, to show the complementary natures of the science and the art of medicine in the care of all patients. It tells the story of the surgical treatment of involuntary movements, the accidental discovery of the effectiveness of thalamic ablation, and the history, clinical course, and treatment of dystonia musculorum, as well as the ethical aspects of subjecting patients to untried procedures. We are in the homes, hospital, and operating room with three patients and their families: girls of 11 and 14 years, undiagnosed for five and eight years, and a man of 24 undiagnosed for 17 years. We hear how these patients, brushed off by family physicians and specialists who found nothing wrong physically, were subjected to years of inappropriate and traumatic psychotherapy; how a harmonious family was almost destroyed
Essential Hypertension: Hostility, Psychiatric Symptoms and Marital Stress in Patients and Spouses
Authors: Julian Hafner, Robyn J. Miller
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Scores on self-report questionnaire measures of hostility, psychiatric symptoms, marital dissatisfaction, and assertion discomfort/behaviour were compared for male (n = 26) and female (n = 25) patients with essential hypertension and their spouses, and matched normotensive controls. Correlations and factor analysis revealed clinically meaningful associations between elevated psychiatric symptoms, hostility, and assertive behaviour. These differed for male and female patients, especially regarding assertive behaviour. The findings suggest that communication training might be helpful for a sizeable proportion of married patients with essential hypertension.
Abstract 5504: A potential source in oxidative cell death mediated by thymidylate synthase inhibitors: NADPH oxidase 2
Authors: Ufuk Ozer, Franklin George Berger, Karen Wood Barbour
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyzes the reductive transfer of a methyl group from N5,N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (CH2-THF) to dUMP, forming dTMP and dihydrofolate (DHF). It is generally accepted that inhibition of the enzyme leads to a deficiency of dTMP, followed by genome damage and programmed cell death. As such, TS has long been viewed as an important target of anti-neoplastic agents, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and raltitrexed (RTX), which lead to inhibition of the enzyme. Oxidative stress is well-recognized as having a central role in cellular response to a number of DNA damaging agents, and may be a proximate cause of therapy-induced cell death. Despite such recognition, little detail exists on the origin and regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during TS-directed chemotherapy. We have undertaken a detailed examination of the origin, nature, and role of ROS in cell death mediated by TS inhibitors. We have previously identified NADPH oxidase (NOX) as the primary source of increased ROS following exposure to TS-directed agents, as indicated by the observation of decreased ROS production and apoptotic indices in presence of NOX inhibitors. We have found that in response to TS inhibitors, NOX enzyme activity increases in association with induction of the transcript for p67phox, which specifically regulates the NOX2 isoform. This result is also verified by silencing p67phox gene in HCT116 cells. Silencing p67phox gene inhibits drug-induced NOX activity and decreases drug-induced apoptotic indices. To substantiate and expand results obtained from HCT116, we used other colorectal cancer cells, including HCT15, SW480, DLD-1, LoVo, MOSER and LS180. We have determined that colon cancer cells exhibit diverse responses in both basal and drug-inducible levels of apoptosis, NOX activity and mRNA of NOX2 regulatory subunits, implicating the heterogeneity in colorectal cancer cells. Based on these results, we conclude that augmentation of NOX2 activity via induction of p67phox mRNA expression is the proximate cause of programmed cell death elicited by dTMP deficiency in HCT116 cells. Each colorectal cancer cells might have different mechanism to undergo ROS-mediated cell death. Citation Format: Ufuk Ozer, Franklin George Berger, Karen Wood Barbour. A potential source in oxidative cell death mediated by thymidylate synthase inhibitors: NADPH oxidase 2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5504
Rectal Injury During Barium Enema Examination-Reply
Authors: H. Charles Walker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  We thank Dr Nathan for furthering our knowledge of the complications of the double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) examination with his case report, which seems to be unique in the literature. A contained intramural perforation that later showed extravasation of barium has been reported with the single-contrast barium enema (BE) examination. 1   Dr Nathan raises two questions that cannot yet be answered definitively: (1) How common are rectal perforations during DCBE examination? (2) What treatment is required?  In regard to the first question, there are as yet too few published data to determine the risk of rectal perforation during DCBE examination relative to the better-defined risk during the BE examination. Indeed, the two-in-10,000 figure we cited in our article is the only one available in the English-language literature. In comparison, the frequency of rectal perforation during conventional BE examination was six in 20,000 (ie, one in 3,333) in the largest
Love and Will
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It takes courage today to write a book about love and will. Ever since Freud expounded his deterministic psychology and, perhaps inconsistently, pointed out the danger of repression by willpower, to speak of will has appeared not quite intellectually respectable. As for love, so many authors have discussed the subject that one might assume there was little more to say. But Rollo May rehabilitates the concept of will, makes new interpretations of love, and shows their necessary relationship to each other. May asserts that we are living in a schizoid age. Apathy has increased as a defense against anxiety and overstimulation. Although this schizoid lack of feeling may be protective and may even be used constructively, as by the artist Cezanne, the feeling of emptiness which it engenders may lead to violence and destruction. The author describes apathy as withdrawal of love and will, and in this book tries to
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF DDAH2 GENE HAPLOTYPES IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez, Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández, Rocío Arellano-Zapoteco, Nancy Martínez-Rodríguez, José Manuel Fragoso, Carlos Posadas-Romero, María Lilia Domínguez-López, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Gene Transfer to the CNS Is Efficacious in Immune-primed Mice Harboring Physiologically Relevant Titers of Anti-AAV Antibodies
Authors: Christopher M Treleaven, Thomas J Tamsett, Jie Bu, Jonathan A Fidler, S Pablo Sardi, Gregory D Hurlbut, Lisa A Woodworth, Seng H Cheng, Marco A Passini, Lamya S Shihabuddin, James C Dodge
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Central nervous system (CNS)-directed gene therapy with recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has been used effectively to slow disease course in mouse models of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, these vectors were typically tested in mice without prior exposure to the virus, an immunological scenario unlikely to be duplicated in human patients. Here, we examined the impact of pre-existing immunity on AAV-mediated gene delivery to the CNS of normal and diseased mice. Antibody levels in brain tissue were determined to be 0.6% of the levels found in systemic circulation. As expected, transgene expression in brains of mice with relatively high serum antibody titers was reduced by 59-95%. However, transduction activity was unaffected in mice that harbored more clinically relevant antibody levels. Moreover, we also showed that markers of neuroinflammation (GFAP, Iba1, and CD3) and histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)) were not enhanced in immune-primed mice (regardless of pre-existing antibody levels). Importantly, we also demonstrated in a mouse model of Niemann Pick Type A (NPA) disease that pre-existing immunity did not preclude either gene transfer to the CNS or alleviation of disease-associated neuropathology. These findings support the continued development of AAV-based therapies for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Bone Marrow in Joint Fluid: A Clue to Fracture
Authors: CHRISTINE LAWRENCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A 35-year-old woman who was hospitalized for hematemesis secondary to alcoholic gastritis incidentally sustained knee trauma and developed a small bloody joint effusion. Routine X-ray studies of the knee were interpreted as normal. Findings of bone marrow spicules and fat cells in the hemorrhagic fluid aspirated from the knee joint indicated, however, that a fracture had occurred. This was finally proved with special X-ray views of the joint.
Temporal perception: A key to understanding language
Authors: Elzbieta Szelag, Ernst Pöppel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Although Grodzinsky's target article has merit, it neglects the importance of neural mechanisms underlying language functions. We present results from our clinical studies on different levels of temporal information processing in aphasic patients and briefly review the existing data on neurobiology of language to cast new light on the main thesis of the target article.
John Lewis Emery John Killen Armstrong Francis Austin Brear Bronislaw Chudecki Gwilym Kenneth Davies Aldwyn Morgan George Prem Sarin Rahum Shoulman Leslie Stankler Patrick Arthur Thorn
Authors: D. Variend, E. MacKinnon, M. J Armstrong, B. Gallagher, P. Henderson, C R H Penn, P Davies, W. Hunt, R Doshi, S. Richman, M. I White, S. Walford
Journal: BMJ (2000)
M-Mode Ultrasonic Localization of Pleural Effusion
Authors: Francis V. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Fifty patients had nondiagnostic physical and roentgenographic examinations and were believed at high risk for exploratory thoracentesis. Negative echograms for pleural fluid were recorded for 13 patients. For 34 patients, the characteristic M-mode display of a central echo-free space, indicative of pleural fluid, was recorded. Aspiration yielded fluid that was localized by echography in 30 (88%). Of the 30 patients, 13 (43%) had normal lateral decubitus views, and 10 (33%) had experienced unsuccessful aspiration before ultrasound localized the fluid loculation. The remaining seven patients, including three receiving mechanical ventilation who were believed to have increased risk for thoracentesis had successful initial tap based on echographic localization of fluid. Ultrasound allows detection and localization of pleural fluid when roentgenographic and physical diagnostic means are not helpful. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1761-1764, 1978)
HIV testing: changing trends.
Authors: G C Turner, K J Mutton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

HIV testing: changing trends SIR,-Dr E J Beck and colleagues (18 July, p 191) drew attention to steep increases in the number of requests from patients in London for tests for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in October and November 1986 and March 1987, which coincided with the publicity campaigns associated with the government's edu- cational programme about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).In Liverpool a similar trend was observed at the Public Health Laboratory, where these tests are performed on specimens submitted mainly from clinics for sexually transmitted diseases but also from hospital departments, drug dependency clinics, and general practitioners.The table shows the numbers of specimens for this test received monthly in the laboratory between May 1986 and June 1987, together with the number that were positive for antibody to HIV and the number of these that were from new patients.Sharp increases occurred in Liverpool at about the same time as in London, and, although, as in London, there was a pronounced fall in numbers from the peak in March 1987, the level maintained since then is much higher than that in the corresponding period in 1986.Though the proportion of patients who were found to be positive was much lower in Liverpool than in London, we also found that as the number of tests increased so the proportion that yielded positive results tended to decrease.Number of specimens for tests for antibody to HIV
Letter: Drugs for addicts.
Authors: B R Barrington
Journal: BMJ (1975)

visit Should the first level be above 7 mnnIl/l (270 mg/100 ml) or any subse- quent value exceed this figure, then the pill should normally not be commenced or con- tinued.But even where there are no facilities for such analyses the well-trained presmiber, whether medical or non-medical, and the fully informed user should be able to balance the dangers of the pill against its benefits in each individual case.
Myasthenic syndrome AChRα C-loop mutant disrupts initiation of channel gating
Authors: Xin-Ming Shen, Joan M. Brengman, Steven M. Sine, Andrew G. Engel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are neuromuscular disorders that can be caused by defects in ace­tylcholine receptor (AChR) function. Disease-associated point mutants can reveal the unsuspected functional significance of mutated residues. We identified two pathogenic mutations in the extracellular domain of the AChR α subunit (AChRα) in a patient with myasthenic symptoms since birth: a V188M mutation in the C-loop and a heteroallelic G74C mutation in the main immunogenic region. The G74C mutation markedly reduced surface AChR expression in cultured cells, whereas the V188M mutant was expressed robustly but had severely impaired kinetics. Single-channel patch-clamp analysis indicated that V188M markedly decreased the apparent AChR channel opening rate and gating efficiency. Mutant cycle analysis of energetic coupling among conserved residues within or dispersed around the AChRα C-loop revealed that V188 is functionally linked to Y190 in the C-loop and to D200 in β-strand 10, which connects to the M1 transmembrane domain. Furthermore, V188M weakens inter-residue coupling of K145 in β-strand 7 with Y190 and with D200. Cumulatively, these results indicate that V188 of AChRα is part of an interdependent tetrad that contributes to rearrangement of the C-loop during the initial coupling of agonist binding to channel gating.
Authors' reply to Scheper and Lijfering
Authors: M. Fralick, D. N. Juurlink
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We agree with Scheper and Lijfering that confounding by indication may arise when several antibiotics are considered in an observational study.1 2 Although most of the antibiotics we examined are used primarily for urinary tract infections in older patients, they are sometimes prescribed for other conditions, as we noted in our study. An exception is nitrofurantoin, which is used almost exclusively for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. We agree that this probably explains …
Endotoxin-induced hypercoagulability: A possible aggravating factor of alcoholic liver disease†
Authors: Masao Arai, Shigeo Nakano, Fumio Okuno, Yoshiaki Hirano, Kazufumi Sujita, Toshiji Kobayashi, Hiromasa Ishii, Masaharu Tsuchiya
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The present experiments were designed to study the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on endotoxin toxicity. The intravenous injection of endotoxin produced a more pronounced increase of serum AST and ALT activities in chronic ethanol-fed rats, when compared to controls. The activities of hepatic mitochondrial enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, were also distinctly decreased by endotoxin treatment in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Consistent with these biochemical alterations, light and electron microscopic examinations revealed severe liver injury after endotoxin injection in chronic ethanol-fed rats. Furthermore, the increase of blood BUN and creatinine levels accompanied by the degeneration of the renal tubulus and slight infiltration of neutrophils into the glomerule were produced by endotoxin treatment and were more conspicuous in chronic ethanol-fed rats than controls. Therefore, the biochemical and histological evidence indicates that endotoxin markedly potentiates organ injury after chronic ethanol consumption. In addition, a more pronounced decrease in blood antithrombin III activity accompanied by an increase in fibrin degradation product level in blood was recognized in chronic ethanol-fed rats receiving endotoxin, when compared to controls receiving endotoxin. This increase of blood fibrin degradation product level correlated well with the decrease of antithrombin III activity (r = -0.6116; p less than 0.005). These findings of blood antithrombin III activity and fibrin degradation product level indicate that the coagulation-fibrinolysis system is more activated by endotoxin treatment after chronic ethanol consumption. Furthermore, the activation of the coagulation-fibrinolysis system was well correlated with biochemical and histological alterations representing hepatorenal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new thrombolytic regimen for acute myocardial infarction using combination half dose tissue-type plasminogen activator with full dose streptokinase: A pilot study
Authors: Cindy L Grines, Steven E Nissen, David C Booth, Marcelo C Branco, John C Gurley, Kim A Bennett, Anthony N Demaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
The Challenge for Leadership in the National Agenda for Relief of Cancer Pain
Authors: B. R. Ferrell, D. K. Mayer, P. Calabresi
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

The following commentary, the second of a five-part series to be published in the Journal, summarizes a presentation from a minisymposium addressing some of the issues of "living with cancer." The minisymposium was presented to the National Cancer Advisory Board in 1992. It is our hope that these commentaries will stimulate new research initiatives and changes in current health care education and practice, as well as in health policy, to make living with cancer a more human experience.