tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis in unvaccinated children, adolescents, and young adults: a city epidemic.
Authors: J D Hill, D K Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In an epidemic of tuberculosis 41 new patients presented with the disease or were traced. The index patient was a part time barman in a public house. Four children in his family and four who lived in the same block of flats were infected. Only seven of the 41 patients had been vaccinated with BCG. This epidemic indicates that the schools vaccination programme should be continued and the public made aware that tuberculosis still exists.
The ghost of Sigmund Freud haunts Mark Solms's dream theory
Authors: J. Allan Hobson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Recent neuropsychological data indicating that an absence of dreaming follows lesions of frontal subcortical white matter have been interpreted by Solms as supportive of Freud's wish-fulfillment, disguise-censorship dream theory. The purpose of this commentary is to call attention to Solms's commitment to Freud and to challenge and contrast his specific arguments with the simpler and more complete tenets of the activation-synthesis hypothesis. [Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Solms]
BCR-ABL1-positive CML and BCR-ABL1-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders: some common and contrasting features
Authors: N C P Cross, G Q Daley, A R Green, T P Hughes, C Jamieson, P Manley, T Mughal, D Perrotti, J Radich, R Skoda, S Soverini, W Vainchenker, S Verstovsek, J-L Villeval, J M Goldman
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Zinc Supplementation During Pregnancy
Authors: Perry N. Willette
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —As physicians involved in the care of pregnant women, we found the article by Dr Goldenberg and colleagues 1 dealing with the purported effect of  supplementation on pregnancy outcome interesting. The clear inference made by the authors, that 25 mg of  should be included in prenatal multivitamin/mineral tablets for general use, seems unsupported by the data.  The study population consisted of 589 medically indigent African-American women with low plasma  levels. Even in this very specific group when appropriate adjustments were made for gestational age, zinc supplementation was associated with an increase in birth weight of 38 g... and an increase in head circumference of 0.21 cm, neither of which was significant  (emphasis added). This is discordant from the claim made in the abstract, in which  supplementation was touted as being associated with a significant improvement in both of these factors. Even if
How right ventricular function relates to pulmonary artery pressure in advanced congestive heart failure: Prognostic implications
Authors: C. Campana, S. Ghio, A. Gavazzi, C. Inserra, L. Scelsi, R. Sebastiani, A. Serio, C. Klersy, F. Recusani, L. Tavazzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Prognostic Impact of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tateaki Naito, Fumihiro Tanaka, Akira Ono, Kazue Yoneda, Toshiaki Takahashi, Haruyasu Murakami, Yukiko Nakamura, Asuka Tsuya, Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Takehito Shukuya, Kyoichi Kaira, Yasuhiro Koh, Masahiro Endo, Seiki Hasegawa, Nobuyuki Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)

Enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be valuable for prognostic assessment in lung cancer patients. In this study, we report the clinical significance of CTCs in small cell lung cancer (SCLC).In total, 51 consecutive patients newly diagnosed as having SCLC and starting chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples were drawn at the baseline, after chemotherapy, and at relapse. CTCs were isolated using the CellSearch System (Veridex LLC). Thresholds of 1 to 100 cells at the baseline were systematically correlated with the overall survival. The optimal cutoff was determined by comparing the Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs).Two or more CTCs were detected at baseline in 35 patients (68.6%; 95% confidence interval, 55.0-79.7). The HR signifying the difference between the unfavorable (more than or equal to threshold) and favorable (less than threshold) groups was maximal at the threshold of 8 CTCs (HR, 3.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-8.60). Patients with ≥8 CTCs had worse survival than those with <8 CTCs at baseline (p = 0.0014). Patients with ≥8 CTCs posttreatment or at relapse also showed worse survival than those with <8 CTCs (p = 0.0096 and <0.0001). Patients whose baseline and posttreatment CTC levels remained <8 tended to show better survival than those whose CTC level converted from ≥8 to <8 cells (p = 0.0288) or whose posttreatment CTC level was ≥8 cells (p = 0.0047).CTCs were highly detectable in SCLC, and higher CTC levels were strongly associated with worse survival. Consistently favorable CTC levels were associated with favorable outcomes.
ETIOCHOLANOLONE AND FEVER
Authors: HOBART A. REIMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 February 1968ETIOCHOLANOLONE AND FEVERHOBART A. REIMANN, M.D.HOBART A. REIMANN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-2-495_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In the December 1967 issue of the ANNALS, statement on p. 1291 (1) that the syndrome of etiocholanolone fever "has been widely accepted" was supported by reference to one textbook of medicine (2) but not to another (3). In both books, the subject is discussed and related to periodic fever and to periodic peritonitis. Etiocholanolone fever as such may exist, but its connection with febrile periodic disorders is unproved, to say the least. Bondy, who first proposed a relation, later questioned whether increase in the amount of etiocholanolone causes the fever in periodic disorders, is an incidental...References1. WOLFFKIMBALLPERRYROOTKAPPAS SMHRSRA: The biological properties of etiocholanolone: combined clinical staff conference at the National Institutes of Health. Ann. Intern. Med. 67: 1268, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar2. COHN GL: Periodic fevers, in Cecil-Loeb Textbook of Medicine, 12th ed., edited by BEESON, P. B., MCDERMOTT, W. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1967, p. 1250. Google Scholar3. PETERSDORFBENNETT RGI: Familial Mediterranean fever, etiocholanolone fever, in Principles of Internal Medicine, 4th ed., edited by HARRISON, T. R., ADAMS, R. D., BENNETT, I. L., JR., RESNIK, W. H., THORN, G. W., WINTROBE, M. M. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1962, p. 1251. Google Scholar4. BONDYCOHNGREGORY PKGLPB: Etiocholanolone fever. Medicine (Balt.) 44: 249, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. REIMANN HA: Periodic fever and periodic peritonitis (periodic polyserositis): unsettled problems. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 252: 137, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. NILSSONFLODERUS SES: Nine cases of hereditary and nonhereditary periodic diseases. Acta. Med. Scand. 175: 341, 1964. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. GEORGEWOLFFDILLERBARTTER JMSMEFC: Recurrent fever of unknown etiology: failure to demonstrate association between fever and plasma unconjugated etiocholanolone. In preparation. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Hahnemann Medical College Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySurrogate Gestation 1 February 1968Volume 68, Issue 2Page: 495-496KeywordsFeversPeritonitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN A SKIN HOSPITAL
Authors: PAMELA M. WHITE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Summary.— The incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lesions and faces of patients with diseases of the skin has been investigated for a period of 10 months. Of 308 patients, 18%, were found to carry Ps. aeruginosa on admission. Forty‐five patients had lesions infected with Ps. aeruginosa, 26 of these being faecal carriers, but only 7 carried the same strain in both sites. The possible significance of environmental contamination is discussed.
Bedside Diagnosis: A New Annotated Bibliography
Authors: DAVID B. NASH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Editorials1 February 1988Bedside Diagnosis: A New Annotated BibliographyDAVID B. NASH, M.D., M.B.ADAVID B. NASH, M.D., M.B.ASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-299 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPractitioners can now call upon an array of new technologies—magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and catheterization of the heart—but many cannot appropriately demonstrate to trainees palpation of an enlarged spleen or auscultation of tight mitral stenosis. It is comforting to know, therefore, that the literature on bedside diagnosis, continues to grow. This literature has been brought together by Dr. Henry Schneiderman in an eminently readable and useful new publication, Bedside Diagnosis: An Annotated Bibliography of Recent Literature on Interviewing and Physical Examination, published by the American College of Physicians.The annotated bibliography represents a synthesis of the medical literature... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Deputy Editor PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1988Volume 108, Issue 2Page: 299-300KeywordsAuscultationBrainCatheterizationMitral stenosisNeuroimagingSplenomegaly Issue Published: 1 February 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Elevated Plasma Fibrinogen Level Predicts Suboptimal Response to Therapy With Both Single- and Double-Bolus Eptifibatide During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ehtisham Mahmud, Jeffrey J. Cavendish, Sotirios Tsimikas, Lawrence Ang, Cuong Nguyen, Guilherme Bromberg-Marin, Guido Schnyder, Shahin Keramati, Vachaspathi Palakodeti, William F. Penny, Anthony N. DeMaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Human cytotrophoblasts adopt a vascular phenotype as they differentiate. A strategy for successful endovascular invasion?
Authors: Y Zhou, S J Fisher, M Janatpour, O Genbacev, E Dejana, M Wheelock, C H Damsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Establishment of the human placenta requires that fetal cytotrophoblast stem cells in anchoring chorionic villi become invasive. These cytotrophoblasts aggregate into cell columns and invade both the uterine interstitium and vasculature, anchoring the fetus to the mother and establishing blood flow to the placenta. Cytotrophoblasts colonizing spiral arterioles replace maternal endothelium as far as the first third of the myometrium. We show here that differentiating cytotrophoblasts transform their adhesion receptor phenotype so as to resemble the endothelial cells they replace. Cytotrophoblasts in cell columns show reduced E-cadherin staining and express VE-(endothelial) cadherin, platelet-endothelial adhesion molecule-1, vascular endothelial adhesion molecule-1, and alpha-4-integrins. Cytotrophoblasts in the uterine interstitium and maternal vasculature continue to express these receptors, and, like endothelial cells during angiogenesis, also stain for alphaVbeta3. In functional studies, alphaVbeta3 and VE-cadherin enhance, while E-cadherin restrains, cytotrophoblast invasiveness. Cytotrophoblasts expressing alpha4 integrins bound immobilized VCAM-1 in vitro, suggesting that this receptor-pair could mediate cytotrophoblast-endothelium or cytotrophoblast-cytotrophoblast interactions in vivo, during endovascular invasion. In the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia, in which endovascular invasion remains superficial, cytotrophoblasts fail to express most of these endothelial markers (Zhou et al., 1997. J. Clin. Invest. 99:2152-2164.), suggesting that this adhesion phenotype switch is required for successful endovascular invasion and normal placentation.
The oxygen sensitivity of hamster cheek pouch arterioles. In vitro and in situ studies.
Authors: W F Jackson, B R Duling
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

We tested the hypothesis that a parenchymally derived mediator is required for arterioles to exhibit oxygen sensitivity. To that end, the parenchyma was dissected and removed from around hamster cheek pouch arterioles, and the oxygen sensitivity of these "aparenchymal arteriolar segments" was studied, either in vitro, after cannulation, or in situ. Arteriolar segments in situ with and without parenchyma had similar oxygen sensitivities (20% constriction as Po2 increased from 15 to 150 mm Hg). Arteriolar occlusion, which eliminated blood flow in the in situ aparenchymal segments, did not eliminate their oxygen sensitivity. The oxygen-induced constriction in the occluded aparenchymal segments was blunted but not eliminated by covering the segments with glass plates to prevent changes in Po2 from occurring around these vessels. We hypothesized that propagation of a portion of the oxygen response might explain the persistent response in the covered and occluded arteriolar segments. Oxygen sensitivity could be shown in only 32% of the in vitro cannulated arterioles (16% mean constriction as Po2 increased from 20 to 150 mm Hg). In contrast, 75% of aparenchymal arterioles were sensitive to changes in Po2 in situ. These data led us to reject the hypothesis that a parenchymally derived mediator is absolutely required for arterioles to exhibit oxygen sensitivity. We infer that the oxygen sensitivity of hamster cheek pouch arterioles results partially or totally from the local action of oxygen on some component of the arteriolar wall or blood, that a portion of the oxygen response may be the result of a propagated phenomenon, and that the oxygen-sensitive component is fragile and is easily lost in preparation for in vitro measurements or in cannulation. It is emphasized that the O2 sensor need not reside in vascular smooth muscle.
Right Ventricular Asynergy During Dobutamine-Atropine Echocardiography
Authors: José Alberto San Román, Isidre Vilacosta, María Jesús Rollán, Juan Antonio Castillo, Joaquín Alonso, Juan Manuel Durán, Federico Gimeno, José Luis Vega, Luis Sánchez-Harguindey, Francisco Fernández-Avilés
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Case of Poisoning by Duboisin
Authors: C. M. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (1887)

exactly happened you do not know.It may be that the exudation upon the valves has been removed, or it may be that it has become, through lapse of time, so contracted, hard and smooth, as to be no longer capable of producing a murmur, or of influencing adversely the cardiac action.But, anyhow, the murmur is gone, and nothing remains to tell the story of former disease.But these recoveries from valvular inflammations are not confined to the young; they happen sometimes in the old; and I shall now furnish you with a few illustrations of both.CASE vII.-Twelve years ago I saw, with Dr. Murray, in Portland Place, a young lady, about 17, who was suffering from a severe attack of rheumatic fever.A few days after I first saw her, she had an attack of endocarditis, accompanied by increased swelling in the
Targeting Hepatic Cancer Cells with PEGylated Dendrimers Displaying <i>N</i>‐Acetylgalactosamine and SP94 Peptide Ligands
Authors: Scott H. Medina, Gopinath Tiruchinapally, Maxim V. Chevliakov, Yasemin Yuksel Durmaz, Rachell N. Stender, William D. Ensminger, Donna S. Shewach, Mohamed E. H. ElSayed
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are branched water‐soluble polymers defined by consecutive generation numbers (Gn) indicating a parallel increase in size, molecular weight, and number of surface groups available for conjugation of bioactive agents. In this article, we compare the biodistribution of N‐acetylgalactosamine (NAcGal)‐targeted [ 14 C] 1 ‐G5‐(NH 2 ) 5 ‐(Ac) 108 ‐(NAcGal) 14 particles to non‐targeted [ 14 C] 1 ‐G5‐(NH 2 ) 127 and PEGylated [ 14 C] 1 ‐G5‐(NH 2 ) 44 ‐(Ac) 73 ‐(PEG) 10 particles in a mouse hepatic cancer model. Results show that both NAcGal‐targeted and non‐targeted particles are rapidly cleared from the systemic circulation with high distribution to the liver. However, NAcGal‐targeted particles exhibited 2.5‐fold higher accumulation in tumor tissue compared to non‐targeted ones. In comparison, PEGylated particles showed a 16‐fold increase in plasma residence time and a 5‐fold reduction in liver accumulation. These results motivated us to engineer new PEGylated G5 particles with PEG chains anchored to the G5 surface via acid‐labile cis‐aconityl linkages where the free PEG tips are functionalized with NAcGal or SP94 peptide to investigate their potential as targeting ligands for hepatic cancer cells as a function of sugar conformation (α versus β ), ligand concentration (100‐4000 nM), and incubation time (2 and 24 hours) compared to fluorescently (Fl)‐labeled and non‐targeted G5‐(Fl) 6 ‐(NH 2 ) 122 and G5‐(Fl) 6 ‐(Ac) 107 ‐( c PEG) 15 particles. Results show G5‐(Fl) 6 ‐(Ac) 107 ‐( c PEG[NAcGal β ]) 14 particles achieve faster uptake and higher intracellular concentrations in HepG2 cancer cells compared to other G5 particles while escaping the non‐specific adsorption of serum protein and phagocytosis by Kupffer cells, which make these particles the ideal carrier for selective drug delivery into hepatic cancer cells.
Impact of Interferon Alfa-2b and Ribavirin on Progression of Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Thierry Poynard, John McHutchison, Gary L. Davis, Rafael Esteban-Mur, Zachary Goodman, Pierre Bedossa, Janice Albrecht
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The extent of liver fibrosis is an important prognostic factor in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. Administration of a combination of interferon and ribavirin produces a superior viral clearance response rate than interferon alone. The effect of this combination regimen on hepatic fibrosis has not been established. To determine the impact of combination regimen or interferon alone on the progression of liver fibrosis we pooled individual data of 1,509 patients with pretreatment and post–treatment biopsies from 3 randomized trials. Fibrosis progression and regression rates between biopsies were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and by the fibrosis progression rate per year. The percentage of patients without significant fibrosis (stage 0 or 1) at 96 weeks was 68 ± 4% (mean ± SE) when treated by combination regimen for 48 weeks, 64 ± 4% by interferon alone for 48 weeks, 42 ± 7% by combination regimen for 24 weeks (lower than both 48–week regimens P &lt; .001), and 24 ± 9% interferon alone for 24 weeks (lower than the combination regimen for 24 weeks; P = .02). Three factors were independently associated with fibrosis reduction: sustained viral response, duration of treatment, and baseline fibrosis stage (all P &lt; .001 in proportional hazards regression model). These results show that interferon and ribavirin combination therapy significantly reduces the rate of fibrosis progression in patients with hepatitis C. This effect was most prominent in patients who achieved a virologic response, those receiving 48 weeks of therapy, and in patients with significant fibrosis at baseline.
Continuous engagement of a self-specific activation receptor induces NK cell tolerance
Authors: Sandeep K. Tripathy, Peter A. Keyel, Liping Yang, Jeanette T. Pingel, Tammy P. Cheng, Achim Schneeberger, Wayne M. Yokoyama
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Natural killer (NK) cell tolerance mechanisms are incompletely understood. One possibility is that they possess self-specific activation receptors that result in hyporesponsiveness unless modulated by self-major histocompatability complex (MHC)-specific inhibitory receptors. As putative self-specific activation receptors have not been well characterized, we studied a transgenic C57BL/6 mouse that ubiquitously expresses m157 (m157-Tg), which is the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded ligand for the Ly49H NK cell activation receptor. The transgenic mice were more susceptible to MCMV infection and were unable to reject m157-Tg bone marrow, suggesting defects in Ly49H(+) NK cells. There was a reversible hyporesponsiveness of Ly49H(+) NK cells that extended to Ly49H-independent stimuli. Continuous Ly49H-m157 interaction was necessary for the functional defects. Interestingly, functional defects occurred when mature wild-type NK cells were adoptively transferred to m157-Tg mice, suggesting that mature NK cells may acquire hyporesponsiveness. Importantly, NK cell tolerance caused by Ly49H-m157 interaction was similar in NK cells regardless of expression of Ly49C, an inhibitory receptor specific for a self-MHC allele in C57BL/6 mice. Thus, engagement of self-specific activation receptors in vivo induces an NK cell tolerance effect that is not affected by self-MHC-specific inhibitory receptors.
Unusual Scintigraphic Appearance of Perforation of the Common Bile Duct
Authors: M O ACEVEDO, W N TAUXE, JOHNNY W. SCOTT, J S ALDRETE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

This report deals with the diagnosis of perforation of the common bile duct into the lesser sac by HIDA cholescintigraphy. The first hour images after injection were suggestive of biliary obstruction. Subsequent images demonstrated unusual accumulations of the activity into the lesser sac and retroperitoneal potential spaces. Careful correlation between scintigraphic and surgical findings were undertaken. The case is reported to demonstrate the scintigraphic findings in choledochal perforation and to stress the importance of carrying out late images when the initial ones are abnormal.
Successful Treatment of Methemoglobinemia Secondary to Silver Nitrate Therapy
Authors: Berish Strauch, Wally Buch, William Grey, Donald Laub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE use of silver nitrate though beneficial in the care of the burn patient has added special problems inherent to this form of treatment. Toxic methemoglobinemia has recently been reported as a post-mortem finding after the use of this mode of therapy.1 Case ReportM.J., a 2-year-old girl, was admitted to Stanford Medical Center after sustaining a flame burn involving 50 per cent of her body surface. At the same time as resuscitative measures, 0.5 per cent silver nitrate dressings continuously saturated were started.Eleven days later, she demonstrated a continued tachypnea and became cyanotic. The arterial Po2 was . . .
Situs Inversus due to Canadian Medical System? No: Bashful Author Covered Belly Button
Authors: Frederic W. Platt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I am taken by the idea of The Rational Clinical Examination, but the most recent article<sup>1</sup>has me stumped. Figure 3 on page 2219 baffled me. Is this patient suffering from situs inversus? Is this an examination maneuver that requires the physician to stand on his or her head? Is this a side effect of the vaunted Canadian medical system? I gave up.