tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatic heme synthesis in a new model of experimental hemochromatosis: Studies in rats fed finely divided elemental iron
Authors: Herbert L. Bonkovsky, John F. Healey, Beth Lincoln, Bruce R. Bacon, David F. Bishop, George H. Elder
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Rats fed chow containing finely divided elemental iron (from carbonyl-iron) develop hepatic iron overload resembling human hereditary hemochromatosis in that deposition of iron is primarily in periportal hepatocytes and with hepatic iron concentrations sufficiently high to be associated in the human disease with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. In recent studies using this model, we reported changes in hepatic hemoproteins and heme oxygenase, the rate-controlling enzyme of heme breakdown. We now report effects of iron-loading on three enzymes of heme synthesis: 5-aminolevulinate synthase; the first and rate-controlling enzyme of the pathway, 5-aminolevulinate dehydrase (or porphobilinogen synthase), and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, the activity of which is decreased in porphyria cutanea tarda, a liver disease in which iron is known to play an important but still poorly understood role. Of the three enzymes, only activity of the dehydrase was altered by iron-loading: it was decreased significantly as early as 1 week after starting iron feeding, and with marked iron overload was 30 to 32% of control values. The degree of decrease was inversely related (r = −0.77 to −0.88) to the degree of iron overload and was partially reversed within 1 to 3 days when feeding of the iron-supplemented diet was stopped. The decrease in dehydrase activity was not attributable to lack of reduced glutathione or other disulfide-reducing agents or to zinc deficiency; nor was evidence found for inhibition by iron compounds or other possible inhibitors present in iron-loaded livers. Immunochemical studies showed that the amount of 5-aminolevulinate dehydrase protein decreased in parallel to its decrease in activity, suggesting that iron-loading produced a reversible imbalance between the rate of synthesis and breakdown of the enzyme.
The Cost to Patients of Participating in Clinical Trials-Reply
Authors: Robert E. Wittes
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The fact that most insurance contracts explicitly exclude the patient-care costs of clinical trials of investigational agents is an important disincentive for physicians and patients to participate in trials. The extent to which insurance companies enforce the research exclusion is variable, but there are disquieting signs that this tendency is increasing. The National Cancer Institute, together with concerned investigators and members of public interest groups, has begun a dialogue with segments of the insurance industry that will, we hope, lead to a continuation of the productive working relationship that has existed for years and enabled the entry of suitable patients into clinical trials. Despite this obstacle, however, many important trials in oncology are conducted with conventional agents (for example, most breast adjuvant studies). Most clinical investigators have experienced little or no problem with insurance reimbursement to patients in trials where no investigational drug is involved. Currently, the cooperative
Perimenopause: The Complex Endocrinology of the Menopausal Transition
Authors: Jerilynn C. Prior
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1998)

I. Introduction II. Defining the Perimenopause III. Classic Studies of the Perimenopause A. Historical studies B. Early reports of women’s experiences in the perimenopause C. Early prospective menstrual cycle interval and basal temperature documentation IV. Prospective Epidemiological Studies of the Perimenopause A. Manitoba Project on Women and Their Health in the Middle Years B. Massachusetts Women’s Health Study C. Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) Study V. Systematic Studies of the Endocrinology of the Perimenopause A. Cross-sectional (single-cycle) hormonal studies in the perimenopause B. Prospective ovarian hormonal levels in the perimenopause VI. Histological Studies of Ovarian Changes Across the Lifespan VII. Physiological Studies of Changing Ovarian Hormones in Women in Their Forties and Fifties A. Folliculogenesis and ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) B. Inhibin physiology in women over forty VIII. Hypotheses to Explain Perimenopausal Endocrinology A...
Pathology of Tumours of the Nervous System
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The first edition of this book, published in 1959 and reprinted in 1960, has been hailed as a classic in its field. "A classic is a book which one praises without reading," says Chesterton, but this definition does not fit Russell and Rubinstein. Well-worn copies in laboratories throughout the world are mute witnesses to its usefulness and authority. A new edition is most welcome. Since the first edition contains a full description of the gross and microscopic appearances of tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system and a judicious discussion of their histogenesis, few revisions have been necessary in four years. Some material, such as a paragraph on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, has been added and references have been brought up to date. A few illustrations have been changed, but the standards in this regard were already high. Two major changes, however, add considerably to the value of the book
Midwall Left Ventricular Mechanics
Authors: Giovanni de Simone, Richard B. Devereux, Michael J. Koren, George A. Mensah, Paul N. Casale, John H. Laragh
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background An appreciable proportion of asymptomatic hypertensive patients have depressed left ventricular (LV) performance that is identified by midwall shortening/end-systolic stress relations but not by indexes that use endocardial shortening. It has not been established, however, whether depressed midwall ventricular performance has prognostic implications. Methods and Results Echocardiographic endocardial and midwall LV fractional shortening/circumferential end-systolic stress relations in 294 hypertensive patients were analyzed as predictors of the occurrence of cardiovascular morbid events that occurred in 50 patients (including 14 deaths) during a 10-year mean follow-up. Patients with initially lower midwall but not endocardial shortening, either in absolute terms or as a percentage of predicted from observed end-systolic stress, were more likely to suffer morbid events than those with initially normal values ( P &lt;.004). Cardiovascular events occurred in 29 of 100 patients (29%) and death in 10 of 100 patients (10%) among those who were in both the two highest quartiles of LV mass index and the two lowest quartiles of midwall shortening, as opposed to 21 of 194 (11%) and 4 of 194 (2.1%) of the remaining patients (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.3; P &lt;.0001; and odds ratio, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 17.3; P &lt;.006, respectively). In logistic analysis, increasing age, high LV mass, high systolic blood pressure, and low values for an interaction term between LV mass index and midwall shortening independently predicted cardiovascular events (.04&lt; P &lt;.001); increasing age, low midwall LV shortening as a percentage of predicted, and high value of the interaction term predicted the occurrence of cardiac death (.004&lt; P &lt;.0002). Survival analysis controlling for age confirmed that low midwall shortening independently predicted cardiac morbidity or death, especially in the subgroup of patients with LV hypertrophy. Conclusions Depressed midwall shortening is a predictor of adverse outcome in arterial hypertension; the combination of higher LV mass and lower midwall shortening identifies individuals at markedly increased risk.
Vitamin Status and Intake as Primary Determinants of Homocysteinemia in an Elderly Population
Authors: Jacob Selhub
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the distribution of plasma homocysteine concentrations in an elderly population and to analyze the relationship between homocysteine level and intake of vitamins and serum levels of vitamins that serve as coenzymes in homocysteine metabolism. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cross-sectional analysis of homocysteine levels and vitamin blood levels and intake in elderly participants in the Framingham Study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Population-based cohort in Framingham, Mass. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 1160 adult survivors, aged 67 to 96 years, from the original Framingham Heart Study cohort. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Plasma homocysteine concentration correlated with plasma folate, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), and oral intakes of these vitamins, and the contribution of these vitamins to the prevalence of elevated homocysteine in the population. <h3>Results.</h3> —Homocysteine levels were positively correlated with age after controlling for vitamin concentrations. After controlling for age, sex, and levels of other vitamins, homocysteine exhibited a strong inverse association with plasma folate. When subjects were grouped by deciles of plasma folate, mean homocysteine was significantly higher in the lowest two folate deciles (15.6 and 13.7 μmol/L, respectively) than in the highest decile (11.0 μmol/L). Homocysteine demonstrated weaker, inverse associations with plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub>and PLP. Similar inverse associations were demonstrated between homocysteine and intakes of folate and vitamin B<sub>6</sub>, but not vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. Prevalence of high homocysteine (&gt;14 μmol/L) was 29.3% in this cohort, and was greatest among subjects with low folate status. Inadequate plasma concentrations of one or more B vitamins appear to contribute to 67% of the cases of high homocysteine. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These results indicate a strong association between homocysteine concentration and folate, vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, and vitamin B<sub>6</sub>status, as well as age. It is possible that a substantial majority of the cases of high homocysteine in this older population can be attributed to vitamin status. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2693-2698)
Black Women Leading Community March on Cancer
Authors: J. Guest
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Black Women Leading Community March on Cancer Get access Joyce Guest Joyce Guest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 10, 16 May 1990, Pages 822–823, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.822 Published: 16 May 1990
An EF hand mutation in Stim1 causes premature platelet activation and bleeding in mice
Authors: Johannes Grosse, Attila Braun, David Varga-Szabo, Niklas Beyersdorf, Boris Schneider, Lutz Zeitlmann, Petra Hanke, Patricia Schropp, Silke Mühlstedt, Carolin Zorn, Michael Huber, Carolin Schmittwolf, Wolfgang Jagla, Philipp Yu, Thomas Kerkau, Harald Schulze, Michael Nehls, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels regulate a variety of fundamental cellular functions in virtually all cells. In nonexcitable cells, a major pathway of Ca2+ entry involves receptor-mediated depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores followed by the activation of store-operated calcium channels in the plasma membrane. We have established a mouse line expressing an activating EF hand motif mutant of stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1), an ER receptor recently identified as the Ca2+ sensor responsible for activation of Ca2+ release–activated (CRAC) channels in T cells, whose function in mammalian physiology is not well understood. Mice expressing mutant Stim1 had macrothrombocytopenia and an associated bleeding disorder. Basal intracellular Ca2+ levels were increased in platelets, which resulted in a preactivation state, a selective unresponsiveness to immunoreceptor tyrosine activation motif–coupled agonists, and increased platelet consumption. In contrast, basal Ca2+ levels, but not receptor-mediated responses, were affected in mutant T cells. These findings identify Stim1 as a central regulator of platelet function and suggest a cell type–specific activation or composition of the CRAC complex.
The effect of treatment with omalizumab, an anti‐IgE antibody, on asthma exacerbations and emergency medical visits in patients with severe persistent asthma
Authors: J. Bousquet, P. Cabrera, N. Berkman, R. Buhl, S. Holgate, S. Wenzel, H. Fox, S. Hedgecock, M. Blogg, G. Della Cioppa
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Patients with severe persistent asthma who are inadequately controlled despite treatment according to current asthma management guidelines have a significant unmet medical need. Such patients are at high risk of serious exacerbations and asthma‐related mortality. Methods: Here, we pooled data from seven studies to determine the effect of omalizumab, an anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody, on asthma exacerbations in patients with severe persistent asthma. Omalizumab was added to current asthma therapy and compared with placebo (in five double‐blind studies) or with current asthma therapy alone (in two open‐label studies). The studies included 4308 patients (2511 treated with omalizumab), 93% of whom had severe persistent asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) 2002 classification. Using the Poisson regression model, results were calculated as the ratio of treatment effect (omalizumab : control) on the standardized exacerbation rate per year. Results: Omalizumab significantly reduced the rate of asthma exacerbations by 38% ( P &lt; 0.0001 vs control) and the rate of total emergency visits by 47% ( P &lt; 0.0001 vs control). Analysis of demographic subgroups showed that the efficacy of omalizumab on asthma exacerbations was unaffected by patient age, gender, baseline serum IgE (split by median) or by 2‐ or 4‐weekly dosing schedule, although benefit in absolute terms appeared to be greatest in patients with more severe asthma, defined by a lower value of percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) at baseline. Conclusions: These results suggest that omalizumab may fulfil an important need in patients with severe persistent asthma, many of whom are not adequately controlled on current therapy.
Thromboendarterectomy for Chronic, Major-Vessel Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: KENNETH M. MOSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Since 1970, forty-two patients with pulmonary hypertension due to chronic, thromboembolic obstruction of the major pulmonary arteries have had pulmonary thromboendarterectomy at the University of California, San Diego, and the San Diego Veterans Medical Centers. Duration of symptoms before admission averaged 4.4 years, with many alternative diagnoses having been made. At admission, 29 patients had class IV disease by New York Heart Association criteria, and 12, class III. Immediately after surgery, pulmonary vascular resistance declined significantly (p < 0.001) from 897 ± 352 dynes/s · cm-5 to 278 ± 135 dynes/s · cm-5. Seven patients with class IV disease died in the postoperative period. Of the 35 survivors (mean follow-up, 28 months), 16 had class I disease; 18, class II; and 1, class III. Of the 17 patients who have returned for cardiac catheterization at 4 to 12 months after surgery, a further decline (p < 0.05) in pulmonary vascular resistance has occurred. This experience indicates that the disorder is commoner than we previously suspected and that thromboendarterectomy is feasible, even in patients with severe and protracted hemodynamic compromise.
Phosphorylation of Neurogenin2 Specifies the Migration Properties and the Dendritic Morphology of Pyramidal Neurons in the Neocortex
Authors: Randal Hand, Dante Bortone, Pierre Mattar, Laurent Nguyen, Julian Ik-Tsen Heng, Sabrice Guerrier, Elizabeth Boutt, Eldon Peters, Anthony P. Barnes, Carlos Parras, Carol Schuurmans, François Guillemot, Franck Polleux
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Anesthetic Management of the Patient With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Max S. Sadove
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This book is essentially based on the techniques and attitudes of one group of anesthesiologists—the Massachusetts General Hospital group. The book's coverage of its subject is excellent; it deals with the effects of anesthetics and neuromuscular agents. It discusses the various diseases such as valvular, coronary artery, and peripheral vascular. It also discusses intraoperative arrhythmias and monitoring and deliberate hypotension. The references are excellent, pertinent, and up-to-date. The text is written clearly and well. Though one may differ on some points of view as to agents and techniques, there can be no doubt that this text presents a thorough, precise, and logical view.
Cast of the Esophagus
Authors: Millard M. Doughton, J. Douglas Dickson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE case reported below is presented because it is considered to represent an unusual clinical incident. A review of the appended bibliography (20 cases) shows that it may be a distinct and dramatic clinical entity.Case ReportA 21-year-old housewife, para 2, was in excellent health until April, 1959, when symptoms of acute cholecystitis suddenly developed. At operation on the 2nd hospital day because of rapidly developing jaundice, a gall bladder full of soft, mulberry-shaped stones was removed without incident. The postoperative course was marked by general inanition, apathy and absence of good peristaltic activity in the bowel. The Levin . . .
Not such an angel?
Authors: J. Merrick
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Easter Monday was a relaxing day, working in the garden and greenhouse after a weekend on duty. All went well until late afternoon when I stopped for a cup of tea. I suddenly realised that my vision was blurred. I closed one eye, then the other, and it quickly became clear that my left eye was at fault. Calmly I went in and looked in the mirror—only to find that my left pupil was grossly dilated, the right one being normal and reacting. Then I became less calm. Thoughts of vitreous haemorrhage, Homer's syndrome, retinal vein thrombosis, etc, went through my mind. Nothing for it but to contact our out of hours cooperative, where one of my partners happened to be on duty …
Radionuclide assessment of peripheral intravascular capacity: a technique to measure intravascular volume changes in the capacitance circulation in man.
Authors: D L Rutlen, F J Wackers, B L Zaret
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Changes in the capacitance vasculature influence venous return and cardiac performance, so an understanding of the effects of pathophysiologic states on the human capacitance vasculature is necessary to understand integrated cardiovascular function in man. Techniques available to assess the capacitance vasculature in man, however, have limitations. We performed radionuclide imaging of the calf or forearm in 51 patients whose erythrocytes had been labeled in vivo with technetium-99m, basing our approach on the principle that counts from the radiolabeled intravascular space are proportional to blood volume. Two-minute or 15 second count acquisitions were obtained from the calf in 42 patients. Counts obtained at rest demonstrated little variation. With veno-occlusion at 15 and 30 mm Hg, counts increased 8 +/- 1% (+/- SEM) (p less than 0.001) and 28 +/- 2% (p less than 0.001), respectively. After 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin, counts increased 9 +/- 1% (p less than 0.001). With leg elevation, counts decreased 34 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001). Response patterns were similar with 2-minute and 15-second acquisitions. In nine patients who underwent forearm imaging (2-minute acquisitions), counts increased 14 +/- 2% (p less than 0.001) and 26 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001) at 15- and 30-mm Hg veno-occlusion and 15 +/- 3% (p less than 0.001) after nitroglycerin. Volume displacements, recorded simultaneously with a fluid-filled plethysmograph about the contralateral forearm, correlated linearly in all nine patients. Thus, gamma camera imaging of the radiolabeled peripheral intravascular space provides a quantitative and reliable assessment of peripheral vascular capacity in man. The technique could be used in conjunction with gated cardiac imaging in order to assess the interactions of peripheral vascular capacity and ventricular performance.
Nasal Erythema and Crusting After a Trip to the Venezuelan Rainforest
Authors: Christopher P. Downing, Laila Woc-Colburn, Stephen K. Tyring
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the bowel in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia: study of in vivo and in vitro lymphocyte function.
Authors: A D Webster, S Kenwright, J Ballard, M Shiner, G Slavin, A J Levi, G Loewi, G L Asherson
Journal: Gut (1977)

In vitro and in vivo lymphocyte function was studied in six patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the bowel. Lymphocyte transformation, numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes, and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests did not significantly differ when compared with hypogammaglobulinaemic patients without NLH. However, patients with NLH had higher jejunal juice IgM concentrations and a tendency to higher serum IgM concentrations than those without NLH. The morphological features of NLH are similar to the germinal centres of lymph nodes but more closely resemble the follicle zone of Peyer's patches. These findings suggest that NLH represents a local immune response to antigens originating in the gut lumen.
Therapy in Genital Herpes
Authors: James Luby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Patients ask whether acyclovir is a cure for genital herpes, and physicians want to know how they should use the drug. The article in this week's issue by Corey and his associates offers some answers to these questions.1 No, topical acyclovir does not cure genital herpes; recurrences are just as frequent in patients treated with the drug as in those treated with placebo. However, in contrast to other agents used in the past to treat this increasingly common disease, acyclovir is a definite beginning in therapy. In the study by Corey and his colleagues, topical acyclovir in initial genital disease . . .