tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Pathophysiologic Approach
Authors: Ann Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book is a review of the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disorders aimed primarily at medical students and house officers. The current edition has updated a number of topics. References have been revised to include articles published between 1981 and 1985. The book is organized by organ with each chapter starting with an outline of topics to be covered. Each chapter is liberally illustrated with figures. In general, the chapters are concisely and clearly written. One useful revision is a discussion of the physiology of gastric acid secretion, including the newer antisecretory drugs such as omeprazole. The chapter on the liver has a detailed section on the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis, including a discussion of the hepatitis B vaccine and the delta agent. Other discussions are almost cursory, such as a brief description of Reye's syndrome that barely touches on pathological findings. The section on gallstones deals almost exclusively with cholesterol
Making sense of rising caesarean section rates: Caesarean section on demand is obstetric dilemma
Authors: Venu Jain
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars Vested interests doom puny healthcare interventionsEditor-Ogilvy et al's systematic review on promoting walking and cycling as an alternative to using cars treats motoring as if it were a disease that can be cured, without examining the social forces that lead to car use. 1 The effects they find in their review are hardly surprising, given the social currents opposing them: car advertising, predict and provide road planning, the giant car "park," and other horrors of surburbia.Big business and big government alike have a vested interest in its continued growth.Those who have bought into this motor dependent lifestyle can be trusted to extend the infliction of motor tyranny on everyone else: motorists object to being taxed, although they are major polluters, or confined by speed limits, although they killed 3508 people in Britain last year.I try to undermine this metal carapaced horde.Any driver suffering from a condition in which lack of exercise is a factor: hypertension, obesity, stress, depression-much of the general practice caseload in fact-is told to sell their car and get a bike instead.I do have my successesfor example, a man in his 50s who came back to his follow up appointment, saying he wished he lived further from work so he had more time on his bike every day.But when I look at the vested interests lined up against me-not least George W Bush's latest oil grab-I wonder why I bother.Urban doctors who continue to drive are particularly depressing.Since when do you need a car to carry a briefcase?
Hyperamylasemia and Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Leonard Stein, Simmy Bank, Kanti Rai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 February 1992Hyperamylasemia and Hematologic MalignanciesLeonard Stein, MD, Simmy Bank, MD, Kanti Rai, MDLeonard Stein, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Simmy Bank, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Kanti Rai, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-3-266_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Hyperamylasemia has been described in association with numerous solid malignant tumors (1, 2), but its association with hematologic malignancies has not been extensively studied. In a preliminary study, we found that 32% of patients with hematologic malignancies had hyperamylasemia (2). To gain more information regarding the incidence and significance of hyperamylasemia in patients with hematologic malignancies, we studied serum amylase activity in 35 patients and followed them over time (3, 4).Forty-one consecutive patients with various hematologic malignancies were evaluated in our hematology clinic. Six patients were excluded because of concurrent illness or misdiagnosis of a hematologic...References1. BerkShimamuraFridhandler JJL. Tumor associated hyperamylasemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1977;68:572-7. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. BuchBankAnfangLendvaiKranz PSCSV. The incidence of hyperamylasemia in malignant disease. Gastroenterology. 1981;80:A1118. Google Scholar3. SteinGreenbergBankLendvaiOwenRubin LRSSTJ. The incidence of hyperamylasemia in hematological malignancies. Gastroenterology. 1988;94:A443. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. SteinBankDabeziesJagathambalRai LSMKK. "S-type" hyperamylasemia: A poor prognostic indicator in patients with hematologic malignancies? Gastroenterology. 1991;100:A300. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Long Island Jewish Medical Center New Hyde Park, NY PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAsymptomatic Chronic Elevation of Serum Pancreatic Enzymes 1 February 1992Volume 116, Issue 3Page: 266-267KeywordsHematologic malignanciesHematology and oncologyMalignant tumors Issue Published: 1 February 1992 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 5069: c-Abl contributes to Mdm2-Mdmx complex formation protecting p53 levels
Authors: David L. Waning, Lindsey D. Mayo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract This study was designed to better understand the signaling events through c-Abl kinase that impact p53 activity. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is a key protein in maintaining the integrity of the genome by inducing either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis following cellular stress signals. Two human family members, Mdm2 and Mdmx, are primarily responsible for inactivating transcription initiation of p53 or destabilizing p53 through ubiquitination. In response to genotoxic stress, post-translational modifications to Mdm2 and Mdmx relieve inhibition on p53, which is in part mediated through the c-Abl kinase. c-Abl is necessary for maintaining p53 expression levels and for maximal accumulation of p53 following DNA damage. While p53 is not a direct substrate of c-Abl there are c-Abl phosphorylation sites present in Mdm2 and Mdmx. Considering that c-Abl regulates both Mdm2 and Mdmx, we designed this study to understand the role of c-Abl phosphorylation of Mdm2 in protecting p53 activity. We hypothesized that protection of p53 would be linked to Mdm2-Mdmx complex formation and modulated by c-Abl phosphorylation. Here we present a mechanism of p53 stabilization whereby c-Abl promotes Mdm2-Mdmx heterodimer complex formation. For this study we used multiple complementary approaches including: recombinant in vitro protein assays, therapeutic drug treatments of cells and targeted mutagenesis of Mdm2 phosphorylation sites to show the role of c-Abl in protecting p53. Additionally, blocking c-Abl phosphorylation has therapeutic implications in treatment of disease through modulation of p53 activity. There are several small molecule inhibitors that affect c-Abl activity, such as imatinib, and a better understanding of the mechanistic role of c-Abl in the stoichiometric balance between Mdm2 and Mdmx may lead to better approaches for engaging p53 activity. This could lead to improvements in current disease treatment and the development of novel therapeutics for cancers harboring wild-type p53. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5069.
A National Survey of Primary Care Physicians' Methods for Screening for Fecal Occult Blood
Authors: Marion R. Nadel, Jean A. Shapiro, Carrie N. Klabunde, Laura C. Seeff, Robert Uhler, Robert A. Smith, David F. Ransohoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Screening with the fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been shown to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in randomized, controlled trials. Although the test is simple, implementation requires adherence to specific techniques of testing and follow-up of abnormal results. Objective: To examine how FOBT and follow-up are conducted in community practice across the United States. Design: Cross-sectional national surveys of primary care physicians and the public. Setting: The Survey of Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices in Health Care Organizations and the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Participants: 1147 primary care physicians who ordered or performed FOBT and 11 365 adults 50 years of age or older who responded to questions about FOBT use. Measurements: Self-reported data on details of FOBT implementation and follow-up of positive results. Results: Although screening guidelines recommend home tests, 32.5% (95% CI, 29.8% to 35.3%) of physicians used only the less accurate method of single-sample in-office testing; another 41.2% (CI, 38.3% to 44.0%) used both types of test. Follow-up of positive test results showed considerable nonadherence to guidelines, with 29.7% (CI, 27.1% to 32.4%) of physicians recommending repeating FOBT. Furthermore, sigmoidoscopy, rather than total colon examination, was commonly recommended to work up abnormal findings. Nearly one third of adults who reported having FOBT said they had only an in-office test, and nearly one third of those who reported abnormal FOBT results reported no follow-up diagnostic procedures. Limitations: The study was based on self-reports. Data from the National Health Interview Survey may underestimate the prevalence of in-office testing and inadequate follow-up. Conclusions: Mortality reductions demonstrated with FOBT in clinical trials may not be realized in community practice because of the common use of in-office tests and inappropriate follow-up of positive results. Education of providers and system-level interventions are needed to improve the quality of screening implementation.
Conceptual problems in the act-versus-pattern analysis of self-control
Authors: Suresh Kanekar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The primary argument against Rachlin's act-versus-pattern analysis of self-control is that it is wrong to think of a temptation as a solitary act while the alternative is conceived of as an element of a pattern. Either both are solitary acts or both are members of patterns, however different the patterns may be in their complexity and abstractness.
Acute non-A non-B hepatitis after typhoid fever.
Authors: F Caredda, S Antinori, T Re, C Pastecchia, M Moroni
Journal: BMJ (1986)

blood pressure later is not known, but circumstantial evidence in man and direct evidence in some animals suggest that it may.'We think that the high intake of salt, as well as other aspects of the diet of young children in the United Kingdom, should be a cause for concern and further research.This study was part of a paediatric project on the paediatric firm, and we gratefully acknowledge the help ofDr David Murdoch and Dr Michael Latter.1 MacGregor GA.Sodium is more important than calcium in essential hypertension.
Correction: Early-Life Family Structure and Microbially Induced Cancer Risk
Authors: Martin J Blaser, Abraham Nomura, James Lee, Grant N Stemmerman, Guillermo I Perez-Perez
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 4, issue 1: doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040007

Table 2 included a column entitled “Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) by Sibship Size.” This should have read “Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) by Birth Order.”
The Susceptibility of Dogs with Chronic Impairment of Cardiac Lymph Flow to Staphylococcal Valvular Endocarditis
Authors: ALBERT J. MILLER, RUTH PICK, IRWIN K. KLINE, LOUIS N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Nine of 16 dogs (56 per cent) with surgically produced chronic impairment of cardiac lymph flow developed acute endocarditis of the mitral valve or acute myocarditis, or both, after intravenous injections of staphylococci, while none of 10 unoperated control dogs did. The results show that chronic impairment of cardiac lymph flow predisposes to staphylococcal endocarditis and myocarditis. Impairment of cardiac lymph drainage may be important in explaining certain poorly understood pathologic processes in man. Thus, impaired lymph flow may predispose to bacterial endocarditis, recurrent rheumatic carditis, and myocarditis. It may be one of the alterations which perpetuates chronic inflammatory processes in the heart valves and in the myocardium. Inflammation and fibrosis in turn may predispose to impairment of lymph flow, and the latter in its turn will predispose to further inflammation, infection, and fibrosis. Thus a vicious cycle is established. A hypothesis concerning the role of cardiac lymphatics in infection, inflammation, and fibrosis is outlined. There is great need for careful and detailed observations of disease involvement of the cardiac lymphatic system in man.
Digoxin Overdose and Hemoperfusion-Reply
Authors: Sanford Warren
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Wagner is on the mark when he notes that most digoxin elixir bottles contain at most 3 mg of the drug. We should have noted that the patient was in the habit of pooling medication, that she was, in fact, believed to have consumed the equivalent of several bottles of elixir. Nevertheless, even had the ingested dose been only 3 mg, we approximate a total drug removal of 0.04 mg with hemoperfusion-hemodialysis; this would still amount to only 1.3% of an ingested dose of 3 mg. Our conclusion that charcoal hemoperfusion is of unproved value in digoxin overdose stands.
Pharmacological Rescue of Synaptic Plasticity, Courtship Behavior, and Mushroom Body Defects in a Drosophila Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Sean M.J. McBride, Catherine H. Choi, Yan Wang, David Liebelt, Evan Braunstein, David Ferreiro, Amita Sehgal, Kathleen K. Siwicki, Thomas C. Dockendorff, Hanh T. Nguyen, Thomas V. McDonald, Thomas A. Jongens
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin resistance in cirrhosis
Authors: Ehoud Shmueli, Murray Stewart, K. George, M. M. Alberti, Christopher O. Record
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Cirrhosis is characterized by paradoxical growth hormone secretion in response to glucose and insulin infusion. To ascertain whether this abnormality contributes to insulin resistance, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps were performed on six patients with cirrhosis and six normal control subjects. Each patient with cirrhosis underwent two clamps in random order, a clamp with somatostatin (250 micrograms/hr) together with insulin and glucagon replacement, and a control clamp without somatostatin. The normal subjects underwent the control clamp only. During the control clamp, growth hormone levels were considerably higher in the patients with cirrhosis (6.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.4 mU/L, p < 0.02), and glucose uptake was considerably lower (3.29 +/- 0.56 vs. 9.52 +/- 1.14 mg/kg/min, p < 0.001). Indirect calorimetry indicated that the defect was accounted for by lower nonoxidative glucose disposal (1.23 +/- 0.45 vs. 6.00 +/- 0.73, p < 0.001). Peripheral glucose uptake, exemplified by forearm glucose uptake (0.27 +/- 0.04 vs. 1.22 +/- 0.42 mg/100 ml/min, p < 0.02), and calculated insulin sensitivity (24 +/- 8 vs. 114 +/- 20 microliters/kg/min per mU/L) were particularly diminished. In the patients with cirrhosis somatostatin suppressed growth hormone levels (6.1 +/- 1.2 to 1.2 +/- 0.4 mU/L, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes occurred in whole-body glucose uptake (3.29 +/- 0.56 vs 3.01 +/- 0.54 mg/kg/min), forearm glucose uptake (0.27 +/- 0.04 vs 0.30 +/- 0.01 mg/100 ml/min) or insulin sensitivity (24 +/- 8 vs, 35 +/- 10 microliters/kg/min/mU/L, p = 0.42).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The synthesis rates of total liver protein and plasma albumin determined simultaneously<i>in vivo</i>in humans
Authors: H. Barle, B. Nyberg, P. Essén, K. Andersson, M. A. McNurlan, J. Wernerman, P. J. Garlick
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Although the metabolism of liver–derived plasma proteins such as albumin has been extensively studied, human hepatic protein synthesis as a whole has not been well characterized, because a reproducible model for obtaining human liver tissue has not been available. In this study, the fractional synthesis rates of total liver protein and albumin in vivo were determined simultaneously in nine subjects undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. l–[2H5]phenylalanine (45 mg/kg body wt) was administered for 10 minutes intravenously. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals for 90 minutes and a liver biopsy specimen was taken at 35 ± 7 minutes. The enrichments of plasma free phenylalanine, plasma albumin, and total liver protein were measured with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of total liver protein was 24.7 ± 3.1 %/d (mean ± SD), and that of albumin was 5.9 ±1.2%/d. The amount of albumin synthesized per day (absolute synthesis rate, ASR) was 109 ± 21 mg/kg body wt. No correlation between FSR of total liver protein and ASR of albumin was found. It is concluded that the technique of obtaining liver tissue specimens during laparoscopic surgery may serve as a human in vivo model to study total liver protein synthesis. The fractional synthesis rate of total liver proteins (stationary and exported), equals approximately 25% of the liver protein content daily. Within the range of values of this study, the absolute synthesis rate of albumin was not correlated to the fractional synthesis rate of total liver protein.
Hydroxyurea in Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: Ludovico Guarini, Sergio Piomelli, Maureen B. Poh-Fitzpatrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a defect of uroporphyrinogen III synthase, with accumulation of uroporphyrin I, extreme hemolysis, and photosensitivity1,2. We previously reported the effectiveness of aggressive transfusion in a patient with severe disease3. The excess porphyrins were mostly of erythropoietic origin. The patient, who had been dependent on transfusions since birth, is now 18 years old. The base-line hematocrit, maintained initially at 20 percent or higher, was raised to 33 percent or higher by two years of age. The serum porphyrin levels remained at 48 to 76 μg per deciliter. At the age of . . .
A new stapler-based full-thickness transgastric access closure: results from an animal pilot trial
Authors: P. Magno, S. Giday, X. Dray, S. Chung, P. Cotton, C. Gostout, R. Hawes, A. Kalloo, P. Pasricha, J. White, L. Assumpcao, M. Marohn, K. Gabrielson, S. Kantsevoy
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Reliable closure of the transluminal incision is the crucial step for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of transgastric access closure with a flexible stapling device in a porcine survival model.We carried out four experiments (two sterile and two nonsterile) on 50 kg pigs. The endoscope was passed through a gastrotomy made with a needle knife and an 18-mm controlled radial expansion dilating balloon. After peritoneoscopy, a flexible linear stapling device (NOLC60, Power Medical Interventions, Langhorne, Pennsylvania, USA) was perorally advanced over a guide wire into the stomach, positioned under endoscopic guidance, and opened to include the site of gastrotomy between its two arms; four rows of staples were fired. One animal was sacrificed 24 hours after the procedure (progression of pre-existing pneumonia). The remaining animals were survived for 1 week and then underwent repeat endoscopy and postmortem examination.Peroral delivery and positioning of the stapling device involved some technical difficulties, mostly due to the short length (60 cm) of the stapling device. The stapler provided complete leak-resistant gastric closure in all pigs. None of the surviving animals had any clinical signs of infection. Necropsy demonstrated an intact staple line with full-thickness healing of the gastrotomy in all animals. Histologic examination confirmed healing, but also revealed intramural micro-abscesses within the gastric wall after nonsterile procedure.Gastrotomy closure with a perorally delivered flexible stapling device created a leak-resistant transmural line of staples followed by full-thickness healing of the gastric wall incision. Increasing the length of the instrument and adding device articulation will further facilitate its use for NOTES procedures.
Reply to: ‘Flow cytometric identification of acute myeloid leukemia with limited differentiation and NPM1 type A mutation: a new biologically defined entity’ by Kern et al.
Authors: U Oelschlaegel, B Mohr, M Schaich, F Kroschinsky, S Parmentier, M Bornhäuser, G Ehninger, C Thiede
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Role of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Agents in the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Pain
Authors: Andrea L. Cheville, Jeffrey R. Basford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Purpose To provide an overview of rehabilitation medicine– and physical modality–based approaches to cancer pain management, and to highlight the fact that these approaches are generally used in conjunction and that a majority are focused on minimizing pain during periods of mobility and the performance of activities of daily living. Methods We performed a nonsystematic literature review and provide a description of the current standard of care. Results Rehabilitative and physical modalities used to manage pain can be grouped into four categories: those that modulate nociception, stabilize or unload painful structures, influence physiological processes that indirectly influence nociception, or alleviate pain arising from the overloading of muscles and connective tissues that often occurs after surgery or with sarcopenia in late-stage cancer. Most modalities have been pragmatically refined over the years, and many have an evidence base, although few have been explicitly validated in the oncologic setting. With few exceptions, they are patient controlled and free of adverse effects. Conclusion Physical modalities and rehabilitation medicine offer a range of pain management approaches that may serve as beneficial adjuncts to the conventional systemic and interventional analgesic strategies used to control cancer-related pain. These approaches may be particularly beneficial to patients with movement-associated pain and those who are ambivalent regarding pharmacoanalgesia.
Reform of the British National Health Service
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

As anticipated, the proposals for reforming the British National Health Service (NHS) that were announced in January 1989 in a government white paper entitled "Working for Patients"1 have been widely debated. These proposals resulted from an internal inquiry into the NHS that was set up within the prime minister's office because of widespread concern that the service was underfunded.2 The government had pointed out that since the Conservative party took office in 1979, there had been vast increases in the funds allocated to the NHS, and it insisted that better use be made of them. To achieve this aim, the . . .