tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender-Related Differences in the Characteristics of Problem Gamblers Using a Gambling Helpline
Authors: Marc N. Potenza, Marvin A. Steinberg, Susan D. McLaughlin, Ran Wu, Bruce J. Rounsaville, Stephanie S. O’Malley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of male and female gamblers utilizing a gambling helpline were examined to identify gender-related differences. METHOD: The authors performed logistic regression analyses on data obtained in 1998–1999 from callers to a gambling helpline serving southern New England. RESULTS: Of the 562 phone calls used in the analyses, 349 (62.1%) were from male callers and 213 (37.9%) from female callers. Gender-related differences were observed in reported patterns of gambling, gambling-related problems, borrowing and indebtedness, legal problems, suicidality, and treatment for mental health and gambling problems. Male gamblers were more likely than female gamblers to report problems with strategic or “face-to-face” forms of gambling, e.g., blackjack or poker. Female gamblers were more likely to report problems with nonstrategic, less interpersonally interactive forms of gambling, e.g., slot machines or bingo. Female gamblers were more likely to report receiving nongambling-related mental health treatment. Male gamblers were more likely to report a drug problem or an arrest related to gambling. High rates of debt and psychiatric symptoms related to gambling, including anxiety and depression, were observed in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with gambling disorders have gender-related differences in underlying motivations to gamble and in problems generated by excessive gambling. Different strategies may be necessary to maximize treatment efficacy for men and for women with gambling problems.
Accidental Hangings Due to Pacifiers
Authors: Vincent J. M. DiMaio
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The pacifier is generally looked on as a harmless device to soothe and quiet a crying child. In the past six months, however, the Office of the Medical Examiner in Dallas County has encountered two accidental hangings in infants, caused by pacifiers worn around the neck on a loop of ribbon or string. <h3>Report of a Case.—Case 1.—</h3> A 9-months-old white male infant was put to bed in a portable crib by his 29-year-old aunt. Around his neck was a pacifier, through which a loop of ribbon had been threaded. At 4 AM the next morning, he was found dead of hanging, from the ribbon around his neck. The pacifier had become entangled with a cross bar on the side of the crib, turning the loop of ribbon into a noose. The aunt said that the child "always wore" a pacifier around his neck. <h3>Comment.—</h3>
Leucine Oxidation and Protein Turnover in Clofibrate-induced Muscle Protein Degradation in Rats
Authors: Harbhajan S. Paul, Siamak A. Adibi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Treatment of hyperlipidemia with clofibrate may result in development of a muscular syndrome. Our previous investigation (1979. J. Clin. Invest.64: 405.) showed that chronic administration of clofibrate to rats causes myotonia and decreases glucose and fatty acid oxidation and total protein of skeletal muscle. In the present experiments we have investigated amino acid and protein metabolism in these rats. Clofibrate administration decreased the concentration of all three branched-chain amino acids without affecting those of others in muscle. Studies to examine the mechanism of decreases in muscle concentrations of branched-chain amino acids showed the following: (a) Plasma concentration of leucine was decreased, whereas there was no significant change in the concentration of isoleucine and valine. (b) Liver concentrations of all three branched-chain amino acids remained unaltered. (c) The uptake of cycloleucine (a nonmetabolizable analogue of leucine) by both muscle and liver was unaffected. (d) The percentage of a trace amount of injected [1-14C]leucine expired as 14CO2 in 1 h was significantly increased. (e) The capacity of muscle homogenate for α-decarboxylation of leucine was enhanced, whereas that of liver was unaffected. (f) The activity of leucine transaminase was unaffected, whereas that of α-ketoisocaproate dehydrogenase was increased in muscle.
Intracerebral haemorrhage: incidence and use of computed tomography.
Authors: C. C. Rowe, G. A. Donnan, P. F. Bladin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

oestradiol concentration and the ratio of serum oestra- diol concentration to serum testosterone concentration were raised in only nine of the 14 patients studied, and the serum testosterone concentration was low in only five.Scrotal ultrasonography therefore seems to be the most accurate investigation and its increased use in patients with gynaecomastia may reduce the large proportion of idiopathic cases.The hypoechoic texture seen in the contralateral testis in the first patient can be explained by tubular atrophy, fibrosis, loss of Leydig cells, and hypo- spermatogenesis that commonly occurs as a result of an increased ratio of oestrogen to androgen concentra- tions.2Recognition of these textural changes may be valuable in diagnosis in patients without gynaecomastia but with otherwise unexplained loss of libido or potency.We thank Professor H S Jacobs and Mr J Pryor for permission to report on their patient (case 1
Exercise Training in Patients with Heart Failure A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Steven J. Keteyian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To assess the benefit of exercise training in patients with heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction and to further describe the physiologic changes associated with exercise training in these patients. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Urban outpatient clinic. Patients: 40 men with compensated heart failure who were receiving standard medical therapy were randomly assigned to an exercise-training group or to a control group that did not exercise. Fifteen of the 21 patients assigned to exercise training and 14 of the 19 patients assigned to the control group completed the study. Intervention: Patients assigned to exercise training participated in a program of three exercise sessions per week for 24 weeks. Measurements: Symptom-limited exercise tests with gas exchange analysis done just before randomization, at week 12, and at week 24. Results: At week 24, the following changes (mean ± SE) were seen in patients in the exercise group and patients in the control group, respectively: exercise duration, 2.8 ± 0.6 minutes and 0.5 ± 0.5 minutes; peak oxygen consumption (Vo 2), 231 ± 54 L/min and 58 ± 38 L/min; peak ventilation, 12 ± 3 L/min and minus4 ± 3 L/min; peak heart rate, 10 ± 4 beats/min and minus2 ± 4 beats/min; and peak power output, 20 ± 6 W and 2 ± 5 W. Differences between the increases occurring in the exercise group and the changes occurring in the control group were significant (P < 0.05). Among patients in the exercise group, 85% of the increase in peak Vo 2 occurred by week 12, and 46% of the increase in peak Vo 2 was caused by the increase in peak heart rate. Conclusions: Exercise training does not appear to be contraindicated in patients with compensated heart failure. Exercise training improved exercise tolerance, as measured by increases in peak Vo 2, exercise duration, and power output. This improved exercise tolerance was caused in part by an increase in peak heart rate.
Relation between insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations, osteoarthritis, bone density, and fractures in the general population: the Chingford study.
Authors: M.E Lloyd, D.J Hart, D Nandra, T.E McAlindon, M Wheeler, D.V Doyle, T.D Spector
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) concentrations and osteoarthritis, and bone mineral density, and fractures in a large group of middle aged women from the general population. METHODS: 761 women aged 44-64 years from the Chingford study had serum IGF-I concentrations measured; hand, hip, spine, and anteroposterior weight bearing knee radiographs taken; and dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans of the hip and spine. X rays were scored using the Kellgren and Lawrence system. In addition knee x rays were scored using a standard atlas for individual features of osteophytes and joint space narrowing (both graded 0-3). IGF-I concentrations were adjusted for the effects of age. RESULTS: In the osteoarthritis analysis results were compared to a constant group of 155 subjects with no evidence of osteoarthritis at any site. There was no significant difference in serum IGF-I between these subjects and 606 subjects with osteoarthritis at any site. When individual sites were analysed, serum IGF-I was higher in those cases with more severe bilateral knee osteoarthritis and in those with distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint disease. There was no significant association between serum IGF-I and other forms of osteoarthritis or milder forms of knee osteoarthritis. There was no correlation between IGF-I concentrations and bone mineral density at the spine or hip, nor any difference between IGF-I concentrations in subjects with and without a history of non-traumatic fracture [22.8 (SD 6.6) v 23.1 (SD 6.6) nmol litre-1, P = 0.6] CONCLUSIONS: There is a modest association between IGF-I concentrations and the development of DIP osteoarthritis and more severe or bilateral knee joint osteoarthritis in women from the normal population, but no association with other forms of osteoarthritis, bone density, or fractures.
Electromechanical Mapping for Detection of Myocardial Viability in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hans Erik Bøtker, Jens Flensted Lassen, Flemming Hermansen, Henrik Wiggers, Peter Søgaard, Won Yong Kim, Morten Bøttcher, Leif Thuesen, Anders Kirstein Pedersen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

We evaluated the ability of electromechanical mapping of the left ventricle to distinguish between nonviable and viable myocardium in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.Unipolar voltage amplitudes and local endocardial shortening were measured in 31 patients (mean+/-SD age, 62+/-8 years) with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction, 30+/-9%). Dysfunctional regions, identified by 3D echocardiography, were characterized as nonviable when PET revealed matched reduction of perfusion and metabolism and as viable when perfusion was reduced or normal and metabolism was preserved. Mean unipolar voltage amplitudes and local shortening differed among normal, nonviable, and viable dysfunctional segments. Coefficient of variation for local shortening exceeded differences between groups and did not allow distinction between normal and dysfunctional myocardium. Optimum nominal discriminatory unipolar voltage amplitude between nonviable and viable dysfunctional myocardium was 6.5 mV, but we observed a great overlap between groups. Individual cutoff levels calculated as a percentage of electrical activity in normal segments were more accurate in the detection of viable dysfunctional myocardium than a general nominal cutoff level. The optimum normalized discriminatory value was 68%. Sensitivity and specificity were 78% for the normalized discriminatory value compared with 69% for the nominal value (P:<0.02).Endocardial ECG amplitudes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy display a wide scatter, complicating the establishment of exact nominal values that allow distinction between viable and nonviable areas. Individual normalization of unipolar voltage amplitudes improves diagnostic accuracy. Electroanatomic mapping may enable identification of myocardial viability.
Enhancing Communication Between Oncologists and Patients With a Computer-Based Training Program
Authors: James A. Tulsky, Robert M. Arnold, Stewart C. Alexander, Maren K. Olsen, Amy S. Jeffreys, Keri L. Rodriguez, Celette Sugg Skinner, David Farrell, Amy P. Abernethy, Kathryn I. Pollak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Quality cancer care requires addressing patients' emotions, which oncologists infrequently do. Multiday courses can teach oncologists skills to handle emotion; however, such workshops are long and costly. Objective: To test whether a brief, computerized intervention improves oncologist responses to patient expressions of negative emotion. Design: Randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial stratified by site, sex, and oncologic specialty. Oncologists were randomly assigned to receive a communication lecture or the lecture plus a tailored CD-ROM. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00276627) Setting: Oncology clinics at a comprehensive cancer center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina, and a comprehensive cancer center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants: 48 medical, gynecologic, and radiation oncologists and 264 patients with advanced cancer. Intervention: Oncologists were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive an interactive CD-ROM about responding to patients' negative emotions. The CD-ROM included tailored feedback on the oncologists' own recorded conversations. Measurements: Postintervention audio recordings were used to identify the number of empathic statements and responses to patients' expressions of negative emotion. Surveys evaluated patients' trust in their oncologists and perceptions of their oncologists' communication skills. Results: Oncologists in the intervention group used more empathic statements (relative risk, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3]; P = 0.024) and were more likely to respond to negative emotions empathically (odds ratio, 2.1 [CI, 1.1 to 4.2]; P = 0.028) than control oncologists. Patients of intervention oncologists reported greater trust in their oncologists than did patients of control oncologists (estimated mean difference, 0.10 [CI, 0.007 to 0.19]; P = 0.036). There was no significant difference in perceptions of communication skills. Limitations: Long-term effects were not examined. The findings may not be generalizable outside of academic medical centers. Conclusion: A brief computerized intervention improves how oncologists respond to patients' expressions of negative emotions. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute.
New Insights Into the Progression of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sanjeev Palta, Anita M. Pai, Kanwaljit S. Gill, Ramdas G. Pai
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The risk factors affecting aortic stenosis (AS) progression are not clearly defined. Insights into this may allow for its secondary prevention.We investigated predictors of AS progression in 170 consecutive patients with AS who had paired echocardiograms > or =3 months (23+/-11) apart. Various clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical variables were related to the change in aortic valve area (AVA). The annual rate of reduction in AVA was 0.10+/-0.27 cm(2) or 7+/-18% per year. The reduction in AVA per year was significantly related to initial AVA (r = 0.46, P<0.0001), the mean aortic valve gradient (r = 0.27, P = 0.04), left ventricular (LV) outflow tract velocity (r = 0.26, P = 0.001), and LV end-diastolic diameter (r = 0.20, P = 0.04) and marginally to serum creatinine level (r = 0.15, P = 0.08). Patients with a rate of reduction in AVA faster than the mean had higher serum creatinine (P = 0.04) and calcium (P = 0.08) levels. Those with a serum cholesterol level >200 mg/dL had a rate of AVA reduction roughly twice that of those with a lower cholesterol level (P = 0.04). Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified initial AVA, current smoking, and serum calcium level as the independent predictors of amount of AVA reduction per year.Absolute and percentage reduction in AVA per year in those with AS is greater in those with milder degrees of stenosis and is accelerated in the presence of smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated serum creatinine and calcium levels. These findings may have important implications in gaining further insights into the mechanism of AS progression and in formulating strategies to retard this process.
Aerosolized cyclosporine in lung recipients with refractory chronic rejection.
Authors: A T Iacono, R J Keenan, S R Duncan, G C Smaldone, J H Dauber, I L Paradis, N P Ohori, W F Grgurich, G J Burckart, A Zeevi, E Delgado, T G O'Riordan, M M Zendarsky, S A Yousem, B P Griffith
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study evaluated aerosolized cyclosporine as rescue therapy for lung transplant recipients with unremitting chronic rejection. Nine patients with histologic active obliterative bronchiolitis and progressively worsening airway obstruction refractory to conventional immune suppression received aerosolized cyclosporine. Improvement in rejection histology was seen in seven of nine patients. We compared the changes in the FVC and FEV1 over time using linear regression analysis in these seven histologic responders and nine historical control patients. During the pretreatment period for both the experimental and control groups, the FVC and FEV1 declined at comparable rates. After aerosolized cyclosporine there was stabilization of pulmonary function, whereas in the controls there was continued decline. Cyclosporine blood levels were less than 50 ng/ml 24 h after an aerosolized dose of 300 mg in five patients receiving oral tacrolimus. Nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and a greater than expected rate of infection was not observed. This study suggests that aerosolized cyclosporine is safe and may be effective therapy for refractory chronic rejection in lung transplant recipients.
Book Review Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines Edited by Victor L. Yu, Thomas C. Merigan, Jr., and Steven L. Barriere, with four others. 1460 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 1999. $165. 0-683-30061-X
Authors: Stephen A. Lerner, Patricia D. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)
Addiction to Propoxyphene
Authors: Francis J. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> There have been a small number<sup>1-4</sup>of reports of addiction to propoxyphene hydrochloride, with definite abstinence syndromes upon discontinuation of medication. This report is a further addition to that literature. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> The patient was a 57-year-old white, married man who was admitted to the Psychiatric Inpatient Service of the North Carolina Memorial Hospital for the first time on June 10, 1969. The patient reported that he admitted himself because of his concern about dependence upon a mixture of propoxyphene hydrochloride, 65 mg; aspirin, 227 mg; phenacetin, 162 mg; and caffeine, 32.4 mg (Darvon Compound). He said that five years prior to admission he had suffered an episode of withdrawal, episodes of frightened feelings, bad thoughts, and being unable to work with people. The patient had a 22.7-gm (50-lb) weight loss and wished to sleep all the time. About this time the patient began
Muscarinic M2 Receptor Stimulation of Cav1.2b Requires Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Protein Kinase C, and c-Src
Authors: B. Callaghan, S.D. Koh, K.D. Keef
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

This study investigated regulation of L-type calcium channels (Cav1.2b) by acetylcholine (ACh) in rabbit portal vein myocytes. Whole-cell currents were recorded using 5 mmol/L barium as charge carrier. ACh (10 μmol/L) increased peak currents by 40%. This effect was not reversed by the selective muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist 4-DAMP (100 nmol/L) but was blocked by the M2 receptor antagonist methoctramine (5 μmol/L). The classical and novel protein kinase C (PKC) antagonist calphostin C (50 nmol/L) abolished ACh responses, whereas the classical PKC antagonist Gö6976 (200 nmol/L) had no effect. ACh responses were also abolished by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 (20 μmol/L), by the c-Src inhibitor PP2 (10 μmol/L) (but not the inactive analogue PP3), and by dialyzing cells with an antibody to the G-protein subunit Gβγ. Cells dialyzed with c-Src had significantly greater currents than control cells. Current enhancement persisted in the presence of LY294002, suggesting that c-Src is downstream of PI3K. Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 0.1 μmol/L) increased currents by 74%. This effect was abolished by calphostin C and reduced by Gö6976. The PDBu response was also reduced by PP2, and the PP2-insensitive component was blocked by Gö6976. In summary, these data suggest that ACh enhances Cav1.2b currents via M2 receptors that couple sequentially to Gβγ, PI3K, a novel PKC, and c-Src. PDBu stimulates the novel PKC/c-Src pathway along with a second pathway that is independent of c-Src and involves a classical PKC.
A polymeric conjugate foreignizing tumor cells for targeted immunotherapy in vivo
Authors: Young-Ho Lee, Hong Yeol Yoon, Jung Min Shin, G. Saravanakumar, Kyung Hee Noh, Kwon-Ho Song, Ju-Hong Jeon, Dong-Wan Kim, Kyung-Mi Lee, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Jae Hyung Park, Tae Woo Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Suppression of inflammation and acute lung injury by Miz1 via repression of C/EBP-δ
Authors: Hanh Chi Do-Umehara, Cong Chen, Daniela Urich, Liang Zhou, Ju Qiu, Samuel Jang, Alia Zander, Margaret A Baker, Martin Eilers, Peter H S Sporn, Karen M Ridge, Jacob I Sznajder, G R Scott Budinger, Gökhan M Mutlu, Anning Lin, Jing Liu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
"THE DIATHERMY TREATMENT OF DEMENTIA PARALYTICA"
Authors: Walter Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1933)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —Dr. Neymann may be correct in his contentions (a) that the patients were of an unfavorable type and (b) that the treatment was inadequate according to present standards. My associates and I suggested the same possible objections. We know, however, that by malaria we can produce an arrest in most cases at any period of the disease, even the most demented.Before we can accept Dr. Neymann's statements of the remarkable therapeutic effects of diathermy we must have (1) a prolonged period of observation and (2) histologic verification of arrest of the syphilitic process in the brain.Eleven years' experience with malaria permits us to draw satisfactory conclusions, since these criteria have been met. Five years' experience with diathermy has given us no encouragement.
[503] OVERLAPPING OF LAMIVUDINE AND ADEFOVIR BEFORE SWITCHING TO ADEFOVIR MONOTHERAPY IN LAMIVUDINE RESISTANT CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: IS IT NECESSARY?
Authors: H.I. Lee, J.H. Lee, W.Y. Tak, J.S. Hwang, S.H. Bae, T.H. Lee, C.K. Lee, S.K. Baik, M.Y. Kim, N.H. Park, S.H. Ryu, G.Y. Gwak, K.C. Koh, S.W. Paik, B.C. Yoo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis
Authors: Anil Mishra, Simon P. Hogan, Eric B. Brandt, Marc E. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Eosinophil infiltration into the esophagus is observed in diverse diseases including gastroesophageal reflux and allergic gastroenteritis, but the processes involved are largely unknown. We now report an original model of experimental esophagitis induced by exposure of mice to respiratory allergen. Allergen-challenged mice develop marked levels of esophageal eosinophils, free eosinophil granules, and epithelial cell hyperplasia, features that mimic the human disorders. Interestingly, exposure of mice to oral or intragastric allergen does not promote eosinophilic esophagitis, indicating that hypersensitivity in the esophagus occurs with simultaneous development of pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, in the absence of eotaxin, eosinophil recruitment is attenuated, whereas in the absence of IL-5, eosinophil accumulation and epithelial hyperplasia are ablated. These results establish a pathophysiological connection between allergic hypersensitivity responses in the lung and esophagus and demonstrate an etiologic role for inhaled allergens and eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammation.