tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CXCL13 and B-cell activating factor as putative biomarkers in systemic sclerosis
Authors: N. Wutte, G. Kovacs, A. Berghold, H. Reiter, W. Aberer, E. Aberer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: Oesterreichische Nationalbank (project number 14024). Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, B‐cell‐derived molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc).1 Recently, levels of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) were found to be increased in the skin and serum of patients with SSc, correlating with disease activity, interleukin (IL)‐6 and lung fibrosis in clinical trials.2 3 4 CXCL13 [chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 13], another B‐cell marker, has not yet been investigated in systemic sclerosis. This marker is responsible for the migration of B cells to the site of inflammation,5 6 attracted by activated endothelial cells after endothelial cell damage. Elevated levels of CXCL13 have been found in different dermatoses where B cells play a role, such as lupus erythematosus.7 8 Therefore, we started a pilot project in a small group of patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP) and different forms of SSc to investigate CXCL13 and to compare BAFF levels in serum.
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase catalyzes endothelial cell-mediated low density lipoprotein oxidation
Authors: M Exner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Deamination products of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO), i.e. aldehydes, superoxide and ammonia have been shown to initiate vascular damage. SSAOs are copper-enzymes, present in endothelial (EC), smooth muscle cells (SMC) and in blood. Transition metals ions (Cu, Fe) mediate the oxidative (atherogenic) modification of LDL by SMC and EC. The physiological source of the active metal ions is still under debate. We hypothesize that SSAOs may catalyze LDL oxidation by endothelial cells via enzyme-complexed Cu++.EC isolated from human umbilical veins and cultured in 35 mm wells in RPMI-1640 medium were used as LDL oxidation system.Diamine oxidase (DAO), a SSAO which activity is elevated in tissues and sera of diabetic patients, catalyzes the oxidation of LDL by EC. In the presence of purified DAO (0.07 to 70 U/l) LDL oxidation was increased up to 10-fold as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) formation as well as apoprotein modification of LDL. Chemical blockage of the SSAO substrate binding site did not inhibit the catalytic effect of DAO on LDL oxidation. Denaturation of the enzyme did not destroy the ability of the preparation to facilitate LDL oxidation by EC. The potential of the enzyme to catalyze LDL oxidation was not suppressed in the presence of serum. However, selective removing of enzyme-copper completely abolished the ability of the enzyme to trigger cell-mediated LDL oxidation.DAO, beside generating angiopathic deamination products, has the potential to act as a pathophysiological catalyst of LDL atherogenic modification by vascular cells.
Longitudinal evaluation reveals a complex spectrum of virological profiles in hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients
Authors: Giovanni Raimondo, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Patrizia Pontisso, Antonina Smedile, Anna Maria Maina, Carlo Saitta, Giovanni Squadrito, Natascia Tono
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is often associated with severe forms of liver disease. However, comprehensive studies are lacking, and scant information is available regarding the virological behavior over time in coinfected patients. This study enrolled 133 untreated HBV/HCV-positive patients (male/female = 102/31; median age 51 years [range: 22-83 years]) who were longitudinally followed up for 1 year with bimonthly evaluation of HBV/HCV viremia levels and liver biochemistry. Thirty of these patients had triple infection with hepatitis Delta virus (HDV), while 103 patients were HDV-negative. In the HDV-negative group, active infection with both HBV and HCV was revealed in 24 cases, inactive infection by both viruses was seen in 15 cases, active HBV/inactive HCV was seen in 15 cases, and inactive HBV/active HCV was seen in 49 cases. However, 32 subjects (31%) presented dynamic virological profiles characterized by fluctuation of HBV and/or HCV viremia levels that at different time points were over or under the cutoff limits. Consequently, a correct diagnosis could be performed in these subjects only by serially repeating the virological tests 1 year apart. Similarly, 15 of the 30 HDV-positive subjects showed active HBV and/or HCV infection, with fluctuating virological patterns in 8 cases. In conclusion, this study showed that the virological patterns in HBV/HCV coinfection are widely divergent and have dynamic profiles. A careful longitudinal evaluation of the viremia levels of both viruses is essential for making a correct diagnosis and tailoring the appropriate therapeutic schedule in coinfected patients.
Vascular Access in Oncology Patients
Authors: M. Gallieni, M. Pittiruti, R. Biffi
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

Adequate vascular access is of paramount importance in oncology patients. It is important in the initial phase of surgical treatment or chemotherapy, as well as in the chronic management of advanced cancer and in the palliative care setting. We present an overview of the available vascular access devices and of the most relevant issues regarding insertion and management of vascular access. Particular emphasis is given to the use of ultrasound guidance as the preferred technique of insertion, which has dramatically decreased insertion-related complications. Vascular access management has considerably improved after the publication of effective guidelines for the appropriate nursing of the vascular device, which has reduced the risk of late complications, such as catheter-related bloodstream infection. However, many areas of clinical practice are still lacking an evidence-based background, such as the choice of the most appropriate vascular access device in each clinical situation, as well as prevention and treatment of thrombosis. We suggest an approach to the choice of the most appropriate vascular access device for the oncology patient, based on the literature available to date. To earn free CME credit or nursing contact hours for successfully completing the online quiz based on this article, go to http://CME.AmCancerSoc.org.
Feasibility of Adenovirus-Mediated hNIS Gene Transfer and 131I Radioiodine Therapy as a Definitive Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kenneth N Barton, Hans Stricker, Mohamed A Elshaikh, Jan Pegg, Jingfang Cheng, Yingshu Zhang, Kastytis C Karvelis, Mei Lu, Benjamin Movsas, Svend O Freytag
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

We have developed a replication-competent adenovirus (Ad5-yCD/mutTK(SR39)rep-hNIS) armed with two suicide genes and the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene. In this context, hNIS can be used as a reporter gene in conjunction with nuclear imaging and as a potentially therapeutic gene when combined with (131)I radioiodine therapy. Here, we quantified the volume and magnitude of hNIS gene expression in the human prostate following injection of a high Ad5-yCD/mutTK(SR39)rep-hNIS dose using a standardized injection algorithm, and estimated the radiation dose that would be delivered to the prostate had men been administered (131)I with curative intent. Six men with clinically localized prostate cancer received an intraprostatic injection of Ad5-yCD/mutTK(SR39)rep-hNIS under transrectal ultrasound guidance. All men received 2 × 0.5 ml deposits (5 × 10(11) vp/deposit) in each of the four base and midgland sextants and 2 × 0.25 ml deposits (2.5 × 10(11) vp/deposit) in each of the two apex sextants for a total of 12 deposits (5 × 10(12) vp) in 5 ml. On multiple days after the adenovirus injection, men were administered sodium pertechnetate (Na(99m)TcO(4)) and hNIS gene expression in the prostate was quantified by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). hNIS gene expression was detected in the prostate of six of six (100%) men. On average, 45% (range 18-83%) of the prostate volume was covered with gene expression. Had men been administered 200 mCi (131)I, we estimate that the mean absorbed dose to the prostate would be 7.2 ± 4.8 Gy (range 2.1-13.3 Gy), well below that needed to sterilize the prostate. We discuss the obstacles that must be overcome before adenovirus-mediated hNIS gene transfer and (131)I radioiodine therapy can be used as a definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer.
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Authors: T. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1885)

TTur British Mledical Association has now be( wards of half a century.In this periodl of tilU miuch that may be contemplatedl vith satisfac valuable service to the medical practitioner by t tion through its JOURNAL, and by bindinig int great proportion of the medical practitioners giving to the profession a valuable organisatior a(lvancement.Above all, ithas actively fost nmade in knowledge bearing upon the healin, effective maniner has it done so than by recogn of knowledge, by assigning the consideration departments whichhave from time to time many years this reeognition has been accorn medicine, surgery, and obstetrics; more recen medical psyehology, and ophthalnmology and year wasthere, forthefuist time, instituted ti logy and Therapeutics, whows second ineeting inaugurate.
Impact of multivessel coronary artery disease of in-hospital outcome in patients treated by immediate angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Tadeusz Zebik, Marek Gierlotka, Krzysztof Wilczek, Przemyslaw Trzeciak, Mariusz Gasior, Janusz Szkodzinski, Rafal Wojnar, Marek Kondys, Andrzej Lekston, Tomasz Niklewski, Krzysztof Dyrbus, Jaroslaw Wasilewsk, Lech Polonski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Medical Treatment for Stroke Prevention
Authors: David B. Matchar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review the effectiveness of medical treatments for stroke prevention in patients at elevated risk for stroke. Data Sources: English-language articles published after 1977 and indexed in MEDLINE under the following Medical Subject Heading terms: anticoagulants, aspirin, dipyridamole, ticlopidine, or sulfinpyrazone, combined with cerebrovascular disorders. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials of anticoagulant or platelet antiaggregant treatment reporting subsequent stroke and myocardial infarction, death, or complications in persons with asymptomatic carotid stenosis or bruit, transient ischemic attack (TIA), previous stroke, nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, or other vascular diseases. Data Extraction: Of 900 articles identified, 33 were selected by two independent reviewers and abstracted for outcome events and person-years of follow-up. Results: In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, warfarin is highly effective in reducing stroke and death but may result in more complications. Aspirin appears to be less effective and less risky than anticoagulation. In patients with TIA or minor stroke, both aspirin and ticlopidine reduce the risk for stroke. In patients who have had myocardial infarction, warfarin is effective but had high complication rates in the reviewed studies. Aspirin slightly reduces the risk for stroke. Conclusions: Warfarin is strongly recommended for persons with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who are older than 60 years or who have additional risk factors for stroke. Aspirin is recommended for persons at elevated risk for bleeding while receiving anticoagulants. For persons with TIA or minor stroke, aspirin should be used first. Patients who do not respond to or tolerate aspirin or who have had a major stroke are reasonable candidates for ticlopidine. For patients who have had myocardial infarction, aspirin is recommended for the prevention of secondary myocardial infarction but not of stroke.
Request for Grant Applications
Authors: Mark B. McClellan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1995: GKN1-miR-185-DNMT1 axis suppresses gastric carcinogenesis through regulation of epigenetic alteration and cell cycle.
Authors: Jung Hwan Yoon, Won Suk Choi, Won Sang Park, Olga Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) functions to protect the gastric antral mucosa and promotes healing by facilitating restitution and proliferation after injury. GKN1 is down-regulated in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells and that loss of GKN1 expression is tightly associated with gastric carcinogenesis, but underlying mechanisms as tumor suppressor are largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that restoration of GKN1 protein suppressed gastric cancer cell growth by inducing endogenous miR-185 that directly targets epigenetic effectors, DNMT1 and EZH2 in gastric cancer cells. Notably, GKN1 expression was inversely correlated with DNMT1 and EZH2 expression in a subset of gastric cancer tissues and various gastric cancer cell lines. In addition, ectopic expression of GKN1 suppressed histone deacetylase 1 and thereby induced cell cycle arrest via regulating cell cycle proteins in gastric cancer cells. Interestingly, it was found that regulatory domains of the GKN1, pGKN1D13N, pGKN1▵68-199 and pGKN1▵1-67, 165-199 recapitulated GKN1 functions, and GKN1 exerted synergistic anti-cancer effect with 5-FU on tumor cell growth implying that the amino-terminal regulatory motif and brichos domain of GKN1 are sufficient for its tumor suppressor activities and thereby suggesting therapeutic intervention of gastric cancer. Collectively, our results demonstrated that loss of GKN1 functions occur and that cause aberrant expression of DMNT1 and EZH2 by suppression of endogenous miR-185 contributing malignant gastric epithelial cell proliferation and transformation in gastric carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Jung Hwan Yoon, Won Suk Choi, Won Sang Park, Olga Kim. GKN1-miR-185-DNMT1 axis suppresses gastric carcinogenesis through regulation of epigenetic alteration and cell cycle. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1995. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1995
13C breath tests for measurement of liver function
Authors: M Becker
Journal: Gut (1998)

The use of stable isotopes is meant to allow a more pathophysiological approach to liver disease by using a battery of breath tests that examine the integrity of different metabolic pathways. Several tests are being investigated. These are:13C aminopyrine breath test (ABT),1 13C methacetin breath test (in both of which the substrate is metabolised by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system), 13C phenylalanine breath test (PBT), and, finally, 13C galactose breath test (GBT).

The galactose elimination capacity (GEC) test was proposed several years ago as a quantitative test to measure liver function.2 However, the multiple blood samples needed to establish the decrease of galactose concentration make the test difficult in clinical practice and has led to the investigation of the possible use of a [1-13C] GBT in the management of chronic liver diseases.

The metabolism of galactose occurs via a cytosolic pathway independent of the cytochrome P450 system. Thus, there is less variation of its metabolism due to drug induction or inhibition, or genetic polymorphism. The fact that this carbohydrate has a high extraction ratio, however, makes the metabolism of galactose dependent on liver blood flow and hepatic functional mass. To overcome this problem the metabolic pathway must be saturated by giving a large dose of galactose: in this case, its metabolism is directly correlated to the hepatic functional mass.3-6 

Theoretically, a combination of breath tests (using galactose and aminopyrine, for example) will enable the investigation of total liver functional capacity, and would be applicable in the prognosis of liver disease and also in the follow up assessment of liver transplant patients.

In abstract 1 the GBT (after intravenous substrate administration) is compared with the classic GEC test in controls and patients with liver disease. Good correlation was obtained in all …
Cardiac involvement in psittacosis.
Authors: W J MacLennan, I W Dymock, C A Ross
Journal: BMJ (1967)

draws attention to the importance of pain in the tongue as a feature in giant cell arteritis.We have found glossitis in 12.6% of a series of 87 cases of temporal arteritis.''The glossitis varied from gangrene of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue to a sensa- tion of burning.Commonly the tongue was raw-beef red and sore.There were also examples of blistering and bruising, and this, together with the pathogenesis of other skin lesions in giant cell arteritis, has led us to suppose that in vascular areas such as the tongue, scalp, and face necrosis is due to haemorrhage rather than occlusion.'We agree with Dr. Henderson that the tongue should be examined in every case where giant cell arteritis is suspected, as it may present important confirmatory evidence.-We are, etc., P. D. C. KINMONT.Derby.
An Investigation of Electrolyte and Fluid Distribution in the Affective Disorders.
Authors: Stanley R. Platman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969An Investigation of Electrolyte and Fluid Distribution in the Affective Disorders.Stanley R. Platman, M.D., Leslie Baer, M.D., Ronald R. Fieve, M.D.Stanley R. Platman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leslie Baer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ronald R. Fieve, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1103_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEvidence has accumulated for 70 years suggesting the relationship between electrolyte and fluid balance and the cyclic effective disorders. Recent studies in humans with affective disorders, utilizing isotope dilution techniques and body compartment measurements, have shown changes in sodium and body fluids which correlate with behavioral changes. This relationship is strengthened by the therapeutic efficiency of lithium in mania.Body compartment measurements and fluid balance have been studied in the mood changes of manic-depressive disease. The effects of lithium have been evaluated in those patients with or without therapeutic response. The mechanisms for abnormalities in sodium retention and fluid redistribution... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stanley R. Platman, M.D.; Leslie Baer, M.D.; Ronald R. Fieve, M.D.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1103-1103KeywordsBipolar disorderBody fluidsMood disordersSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
On Ulcer of the Fraenum Linguae in Whooping-Cough
Authors: C. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE 0kIIIT~-~Z7ICAL tft?tJRNA~L (Sept 7 r787 -both properly and universall performed; for, just as it will be neces- sary or a complete system o primary infantile vaccination, in order to control small-pox, by the prevention of the many deaths which are due to its neglect, so will it be necessary for an universal adoption of the practice of revaccination, in order to stamp out small-pox, both by pre- venting deaths where the primary vaccination has not been satisfactory, and in preventing the occurrence of the disease, even in its mildest form, in those cases in which the primary vaccination has been good, but, from lapse of time or other causes' the disease is liable to be taken in a mo- dified form.Before concluding the subject, we must consider briefly the objec- tions advanced against vaccination.We shall not, however, stop to argue some of the absurd notions that have been put forward: such as the idea that vaccination has produced new and unheard-of diseases ; that it has caused degeneration, mental and physical, of the human species; diminishing men's stature; incapacitating them for the fatigue ofmilitary service, or even for the exercise of dancing; and driving them for consolation to tobacco.These must be regarded in much the same
Novel thermo-sensitive hydrogel system with paclitaxel nanocrystals: High drug-loading, sustained drug release and extended local retention guaranteeing better efficacy and lower toxicity
Authors: Zhiqiang Lin, Wei Gao, Hongxiang Hu, Kun Ma, Bing He, Wenbing Dai, Xueqing Wang, Jiancheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)