tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Satellite DNA of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum--comparative study of satellites from the genus Tribolium
Authors: D. Ugarkovic, M. Podnar, M. Plohl
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

A highly abundant satellite DNA comprising 17% of the Tribolium castaneum (Insecta, Coleoptera) genome was cloned and sequenced. The satellite monomer is 360 bp long, has a high A+T content of 73%, and lacks significant internal substructures. The sequence variability is 3.6%, essentially due to random distribution of single-point mutations. The satellite is evenly distributed in the regions of centromeric heterochromatin of all 20 chromosomes, as shown by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Comparison of T. castaneum satellite with those from three different but congeneric species reveals the highest sequence similarity of 47.1% with the satellite from the sibling species Tribolium freemani. The phylogenetic relationships among Tribolium species deduced from satellite sequence agree with those based on karyological, chemotaxonomic, and hybridization data. This indicates a parallel in the divergence of satellites and some genetic and cytogenetic characters. Despite low mutual sequence similarity, which makes them species-specific, Tribolium satellites have a common structural characteristic: a block of about 95% A+T content, 20 to 42 bp long, flanked at one side by an inverted repeat which can potentially form a thermodynamically stable dyad structure. Since similar structural features are found in centromeric DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Chironomus pallidivittatus, their possible importance in centromere function may be inferred.
miR-9 Regulation of BRCA1 and Ovarian Cancer Sensitivity to Cisplatin and PARP Inhibition
Authors: Chaoyang Sun, Na Li, Zongyuan Yang, Bo Zhou, Yang He, Danhui Weng, Yong Fang, Peng Wu, Pingbo Chen, Xiaokui Yang, Ding Ma, Jianfeng Zhou, Gang Chen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundExpression of BRCA1 is commonly decreased in sporadic ovarian cancer, and this is associated with platinum sensitivity and favorable prognosis. However, multiple mechanisms underlying low BRCA1 expression are not fully understood.
Self harm in Goth youth subculture: authors' reply
Authors: Robert Young, Helen Sweeting, Patrick West
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Our paper generated varied comments.1 The definition of “Goth” is contentious but covers a wide range of musical tastes, social groupings, and aesthetics.2 Our paper, as is clear from the title, refers to younger Goths; the results may not apply to all Goths.

Our contribution is a first step towards producing an evidence base to test the …
Detection of At-Risk Pregnancy by Means of Highly Sensitive Assays for Thyroid Autoantibodies
Authors: Alex Stagnaro-Green, Sheila H. Roman, Rhoda H. Cobin, Essam El-Harazy, Michael Alvarez-Marfany, Terry F. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We screened 552 women who presented to their obstetrician in the first trimester of pregnancy using highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the presence of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and found an incidence of positivity of 19.6%. The tendency to secrete detectable levels of thyroid autoantibodies was significantly correlated with an increased rate of miscarriage. Thyroid autoantibody-positive women miscarried at a rate of 17%, compared with 8.4% for the autoantibody-negative women. Individual levels of thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies were similarly related to this increased miscarriage rate, with no evidence of autoantibody specificity in the relationship. Furthermore, the increase in miscarriages could not be explained by differences in thyroid hormone levels, the presence of cardiolipin autoantibodies, maternal age, gestational age at the time of maternal entry into the study, or previous obstetric history. We conclude that thyroid autoantibodies are an independent marker of "at-risk" pregnancy.
The angiotensin-converting enzyme DD gene is associated with poor prognosis in Finnish sarcoidosis patients
Authors: A. Pietinalho, K. Furuya, E. Yamaguchi, Y. Kawakami, O. Selroos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes may reflect prognosis in sarcoidosis. They were determined in 59 Finnish sarcoidosis patients and 70 healthy control subjects. The prognosis of the sarcoidosis patients was determined after follow-up for 1, 2, 3, 5 and >5 yrs and classified as good (normal chest radiograph and lung function, no signs of extrapulmonary disease activity within 2 yrs from diagnosis), intermediate (neither good nor poor) or poor (persisting unstable pulmonary infiltrates, vital capacity and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide <50% predicted and/or extrapulmonary disease activity after >5 yrs follow-up). The DD, ID and II genotypes were found in 31 and 27%, in 54 and 49%, and in 15 and 24% of patients and control subjects respectively. The odds ratio (DD+ID to II) was 1.45 (95% confidence interval 0.60-3.49). The D alelle was found more often in patients (58%) and in control subjects (51%) than the I allele but the difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significantly more patients with the DD genotype had a poor prognosis compared with patients with II homozygotes and ID heterozygotes. Among 11 patients with Löfgren's syndrome (bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and erythema nodosum), four had the DD genotype. Three of these patients had a prognosis despite presenting a clinical picture usually associated with a good prognosis. The angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype may be a prognostic marker in sarcoidosis and larger studies are warranted to define its clinical utility.
Genes, Hormones, and Pathways to Breast Cancer
Authors: Patricia Hartge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Much current epidemiologic research aims to find the factors that trigger the development of breast cancer in women who are genetically predisposed to it. In this issue of the Journal, Hamilton and Mack1 add to that rapidly growing literature some intriguing observations from a study of female twins. They find evidence that hormonal exposures at puberty may play an exaggerated part in some women who are likely to be at high genetic risk for breast cancer, even though the responsible genes are unknown. On the basis of a multifaceted examination of different risk factors in various groups of twins, they . . .
Postprandial Diabetic Glucose Tolerance Is Normalized by Gastric Bypass Feeding as Opposed to Gastric Feeding and Is Associated With Exaggerated GLP-1 Secretion
Authors: Carsten Dirksen, Dorte L. Hansen, Sten Madsbad, Lisbeth E. Hvolris, Lars S. Naver, Jens J. Holst, Dorte Worm
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To examine after gastric bypass the effect of peroral versus gastroduodenal feeding on glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A type 2 diabetic patient was examined on 2 consecutive days 5 weeks after gastric bypass. A standard liquid meal was given on the first day into the bypassed gastric remnant and on the second day perorally. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, incretin hormones, peptide YY, and free fatty acids were measured. RESULTS Peroral feeding reduced 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (7.8 vs. 11.1 mmol/l) and incremental area under the glucose curve (iAUC) (0.33 vs. 0.49 mmol · l−1 · min−1) compared with gastroduodenal feeding. β-Cell function (iAUCCpeptide/Glu) was more than twofold improved during peroral feeding, and the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 response increased nearly fivefold. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in postprandial glucose metabolism after gastric bypass is an immediate and direct consequence of the gastrointestinal rearrangement, associated with exaggerated GLP-1 release and independent of changes in insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and caloric restriction.
Association between use of cotton tipped swabs and cerumen plugs.
Authors: P Baxter
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Association between use of cotton tipped swabs and cerumen plugs Cerumen plugs are common in children.They hinder the examination of children with suspected acute or chronic middle ear disease by obscuring the tympanic membrane; they also cause local skin reactions.Removal, which usually has to be done by a doctor, is mandatory, and prevention is thought to be impossible because of their unknown, possibly constitutional, nature.'This report presents evidence of an association with the use of cotton tipped swabs.
Bone Imaging in a Case of Chronic Fluorine Intoxication with Mineral Water
Authors: PATRICK THIVOLLE, LUCIEN MATHIEU, JEAN DAMIDEAUX, CLAIRE HOUZARD, PIERRE MATHIEU, MICHEL BERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A patient with chronic fluorine intoxication from mineral water demonstrated an abnormal intense uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the whole spine, the bone metaphyseal regions, and the sternum (“tie sternum”). Results of a bone biopsy revealed an intense osteomalacia and a high fluorine concentration. Bone imaging performed one year after the patient stopped drinking mineral water was normal.
Doctors angry as smoking ban is limited and delayed until 2008
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Plans to ban smoking in only some public places and to delay the introduction of the policy until the end of 2008 have been greeted with frustration and condemnation by health campaigners.

The announcement this week by the health secretary, John Reid, to restrict the smoking ban to restaurants and pubs which serve food, but to allow other pubs and private members' clubs to choose whether they ban smoking, will be confusing and difficult to enforce, said the BMA.

“I recognise that John Reid has certainly gone a long way on tobacco but he has wasted an opportunity by not introducing a complete ban on smoking in enclosed public places,” said James Johnson, chairman of the BMA. “It makes no sense to allow smoking in some pubs—what about the health and lives of employees who work in them?

“What concerns me is that by not introducing a complete ban, some pubs may find loopholes in the law to allow smoking. For example, if landlords brought …
Zidovudine in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Heiner C. Bucher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 February 1996Zidovudine in Patients with HIV InfectionHeiner C. Bucher, MD, MPH and Lauren Griffith, MSHeiner C. Bucher, MD, MPHMcMaster University Medical Centre; Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5; CanadaSearch for more papers by this author and Lauren Griffith, MSMcMaster University Medical Centre; Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5; CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-3-199602010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We question the validity of the subgroup analysis in the recent report by Ioannidis and colleagues [1] and disagree with the authors' assertion that there is a trend toward delayed progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in long-term trials of early compared with delayed zidovudine treatment. The inclusion of the Azidothymidine Collaborative Working Group (AZTCG) follow-up study [2] in the subgroup analysis contradicts the eligibility criteria initially established by the authors. A valid comparison of the long-term effectiveness of zidovudine from this trial is impossible because both the former placebo group and the treatment group received ...References1. Ioannidis JP, Cappelleri JC, Lau J, Skolnik PR, Melville B, Chalmers TC, et al. Early or deferred zidovudine in HIV-infected patients without an AIDS-defining illness. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:856-66. Google Scholar2. Fischl MA, Richman DD, Causey DM, Grieco MH, Bryson Y, Mildvan D, et al. Prolonged zidovudine therapy in patients with AIDS and advanced AIDS-related complex. JAMA. 1989; 262:2405-10. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Heiner C. Bucher, MD, MPH; Lauren Griffith, MSAffiliations: McMaster University Medical Centre; Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5; Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1996Volume 124, Issue 3Page: 371-372KeywordsAIDSAzidothymidineHIVHIV infectionsImmunohistochemistryRandomized trialsRisk ratio ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2991: Percutaneous Vs Surgical Revascularization For Multi-vessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Single Center 10 Year Follow-up Of Sos Trial Patients.
Authors: Pawel E Buszman, Szymon Wiernek, Radoslaw Szymanski, Bozena Bialkowska, Piotr P Buszman, Michal Tendera
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate PCI and CABG long-term results in patients with multivessel disease during 8–10 years observation based on the CCS scale, vital status and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Materials and methods: The analysis involved 100 patients, who were randomized to SOS study (PCI-49; CABG-51) in 1997–2000 in the Silesian Heart Center, Katowice, Poland. There was no difference between both groups according to the basic demographic and angiographic data. The average time of observation was 8,4 ± 0,85 years. Echocardiography was performed four times in each patient: before and after the procedure, 3–4 years later and last time 8–10 years after the procedure. Stenocardia was assessed in accordance with the CCS classification. Results: During nearly 10 years follow-up there was 9 deaths in the PCI group (18%, 4 cardiac -8%) and 8 deaths in the CABG group (16%, 4 cardiac, 8%) (F-Cox-test: p=ns for all cause mortality and cardiac death). LVEF and intensification of stenocardia estimated based on CCS classification were not statistically different between both groups at the end of observation. However, in PCI group LVEF increased significantly (p=0,03), while in CABG group it was unchanged. In both groups improvement of symptoms after revascularization was maintained during the follow-up (Wilcoxon test: p&lt;0.001) but it was achieved with repeat revascularization, which was more frequent in PCI group (30 vs 6%, p=0.003). Conclusions: Long-term results demonstrate that both methods of the myocardial revascularization are equal in terms of long-term survival, release of angina and preservation of left ventricular systolic function.
Chim3 confers survival advantage to CD4+ T cells upon HIV-1 infection by preventing HIV-1 DNA integration and HIV-1–induced G2 cell-cycle delay
Authors: Simona Porcellini, Francesco Gubinelli, Luca Alberici, Bianca Maria Piovani, Gian-Paolo Rizzardi, Chiara Bovolenta
Journal: Blood (2010)
Health education about sun and skin cancer: language, ideas and perceptions of young children
Authors: B.R. HUGHES, N. WKTTON, M. COLLINS, J.A. NEWTON BISHOP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Excessive sunlight in early childhood is thought to be a risk factor for skin cancer. We report the use of the 'draw and write' technique for determining changing perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of young children (aged 4-12 years) to the sun and skin cancer. Children were asked to draw pictures and label them in response to a series of carefully worded invitations and questions. The captions were then analysed to assess changing views and perceptions about particular issues in relation to behaviour in the sun. Four hundred and sixty children completed the exercise. An increasing spiral of knowledge with age about effects of the sun and appropriate behaviour was demonstrated. The study revealed a relatively high level of knowledge. Misconceptions and stereotypes were demonstrated. This technique is a simple and effective way of eliciting information from children about health issues. It provides baseline data for producing material for health education for children in relation to sun and skin. It is also a method of assessing the effectiveness in young children of health promotion initiatives.
DEODORIZATION OF PATHOLOGIC SPECIMENS PRESERVED IN SOLUTION OF FORMALDEHYD
Authors: James C. White
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The formaldehyd gas that arises from pathologic specimens that have been preserved in solution of formaldehyd is irritating to the average person's eyes, nose and hands. A method for neutralizing the disagreeable fumes is here reported. The agent is ammonia, which combines readily with formaldehyd to form the nonirritating compound hexamethylenamin. 4 NH<sub>3</sub>+ 6 CH<sub>2</sub>O = (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>N<sub>4</sub>+ 6 H<sub>2</sub>O. The procedure is as follows: The formaldehyd preserved material is first rinsed in water, followed by a brief dip in a solution of very dilute ammonium hydroxid. The latter is made up by adding from 5 to 10 c.c. of strong ammonia water (28 per cent. NH<sub>3</sub>with a specific gravity of 0.9) to the liter of tap water. The mixture smells very faintly of ammonia, but it will completely deodorize formaldehyd saturated tissues, which ordinarily are very disagreeable to handle. I
False-positive Liver Scan Due to an Intrahepatic Gallbladder Detected by Cholescintigraphy
Authors: MICHAEL G. VELCHIK, ARTHUR W. NOEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever — Changing Ecology and Persisting Virulence
Authors: J. Stephen Dumler, David H. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The explosive growth of emerging infections during the past 20 years has made it difficult to issue a call to arms about any pathogen with ecologic and epidemiologic features that are not conducive to a risk of dramatic regional or global spread. Such is the case with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which is still one of the most virulent human infections ever identified. Nearly 100 years have elapsed since Howard T. Ricketts first described the pathogen transmitted by Montana ticks that killed up to 75 percent of the patients it infected. Despite a century of study, the causative bacterial agent . . .
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide are increased in septic shock: impact of interleukin-6 and sepsis-associated left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Rochus Witthaut, Christian Busch, Peter Fraunberger, Autar Walli, Dietrich Seidel, G�nter Pilz, Ralph Stuttmann, Norbert Speichermann, Ljifane Verner, Karl Werdan
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
9q33.3, A Stress-Related Chromosome Region, Contributes to Reducing Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk
Authors: Qin Xiao, Shan Gao, Hui Luo, Wenguo Fan, Shicheng Guo, Hong Yao, Shuilong Leng, Zhenhua Xu, Tao Tao, Xingyan Liu, Zhang Jingfang, Ming Zhang, Dongpei Li, Qin Xiao
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Funding the Human Genome Project
Authors: Robert J. Yaes
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Drs Watson and Cook-Deegan 1 argue cogently for proceeding with the Human Genome Project, but they have presented only one side of the story. In an ideal world in which resources would be infinite, this certainly would be a project worth pursuing, but in the real world, a project costing several billion dollars must be weighed against the other uses to which these funds could be put.  At present, some study sections of the National Institutes of Health have money to fund only 15% or 20% of the research proposals deemed worthy of support. The cost of rejecting up to 85% of the submitted research proposals must be measured not only in terms of research not performed and results not obtained but also in terms of discouraged young investigators who will leave the field of biomedical research entirely.  The Human Genome Project is certainly an interesting intellectual
GlutathioneS-transferase and liver function in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pruritus gravidarum
Authors: Anthony T. Dann, Anna P. Kenyon, Paul T. Seed, Lucilla Poston, Andrew H. Shennan, Rachel M. Tribe
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. The diagnosis is based on pruritus with abnormal liver function in the absence of other pathological conditions. However, pruritus in pregnancy is common, and it may be the only presenting feature in ICP. No reliable test currently exists that can discriminate between those women destined to develop ICP and those with the benign condition of pruritus gravidarum (PG). The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate longitudinally the serum concentration of glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTA, a specific marker of hepatocellular integrity) and to compare this with the temporal profile of conventional liver function markers in women with ICP (n = 63), PG (n = 43), and normal pregnant controls (n = 26). Blood was sampled on at least 3 separate occasions between 16 weeks of gestation and 4 weeks postpartum. Serum concentrations of GSTA increased with gestation in ICP, being significantly higher from 24 (±2) weeks compared with controls (400% difference; 95% CI, 240%–734%; P < .001). GSTA was also higher in ICP versus PG (433% difference; 95% CI, 228%-790%; P < .001) throughout the gestational period studied. Significant differences in the ICP compared with control and PG groups were also found for total bile acids, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, the measurement of GSTA provides a test of liver dysfunction that distinguishes women with ICP from those with PG. Additionally, on the basis of this study, reference ranges for biochemical markers of liver function require reevaluation in pregnancy. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;40:1406–1414.)
Integration of Renal and Ureteral Function by Intraluminal Pressure
Authors: Saul Boyarsky
Journal: JAMA (1963)

URINE FORMATION, composition, and transport are profoundly influenced by pressures and other hydraulic factors. Our purpose is to show how intraluminal pressures, from glomerulus to ureter, can alter homeostasis and how pressure increases can cause the mammalian kidney to lose its inherent gradients. In the glomerulus of the dog and rat, capillary filtration pressure has been deduced to be 80 to 100 cm of water, which is one-half to two-thirds systolic blood pressure.<sup>1,2</sup>The familiar Starling principle summarizes the relationships of hydrostatic and oncotic pressures; the ultimate energy is derived from the force of cardiac contraction.<sup>3</sup> In the tubule of the proximal convolution, micropuncture studies have shown the pressure to be 14 cm of water. In the distal convolution the level is 10 cm of water, rising to 20 cm of water with diuresis, and still higher with partial obstruction.<sup>4</sup>The renal pelvis in the dog