tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interstitial Cystitis and Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Tom G. Schwan, Alan B. MacDonald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 September 1989Interstitial Cystitis and Borrelia burgdorferiTom G. Schwan, PhD, Alan B. MacDonald, MDTom G. Schwan, PhDSearch for more papers by this author, Alan B. MacDonald, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-6-537_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Interstitial cystitis, a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of the lower urinary tract, is a distressing and emotionally debilitating clinical problem of unknown cause (1). The disease occurs in both children and adults but is most often seen in persons 30 to 50 years of age. Both men and women are affected although 90% of the cases occur in women, supporting one hypothesis that interstitial cystitis is an autoimmune disease (2).One of us has recently reported (3) on the efficacy of culturingBorrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, from the urinary bladder of experimentally infected...References1. ParivarBradbrook FR. Interstitial cystitis. Brit J Urology. 1986;58:239-44. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Oravisto K. Interstitial cystitis as an autoimmune disease. Eur Urology. 1980;6:10-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SchwanBurgdorferSchrumpfKarstens TWMR. The urinary bladder, a consistent source of Borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). J Clin Microbiol. 1988;26:893-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CallisterAggerSchellBrand SWRK. Efficacy of the urinary bladder for isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from naturally infected, wild Peromyscus leucopus. J Clin Microbiol. 1989;27:773-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Chung H. Presence of spirochetes in the urine and prostatic fluid of patients with relapsing fever. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1938;38:97-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1989Volume 111, Issue 6Page: 537-537KeywordsAutoimmune diseasesBladderBorrelia burgdorferiChildrenCystitisEmotionsLyme diseaseUrinary tract infections Issue Published: 15 September 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lessons From 118 Pacemaker Implantations
Authors: Rodman E. Taber
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE PATIENT with symptomatic heart block lives under the constant threat of unexpected syncope and collapse. The implantable pacemaker has made it possible for this patient to resume an active life, free of this hazard as well as the possibility of sudden death due to cardiac asystole or ventricular fibrillation. Between Dec 2, 1961, and May 1, 1965, 118 pacemakers were implanted in 91 patients at the Henry Ford Hospital. During this period, a total of 27 surgical maintenance procedures were necessary to replace failing pulse-generator components and to repair broken electrode wires. We have reviewed this experience to facilitate future management of these patients and to establish guidelines for elective replacement of the pulse-generator portion of the pacemaker prior to unexpected failure. The operative details of pacemaker implantation as used at the Henry Ford Hospital have been previously reported.<sup>1</sup>The pacemakers used in this series of patients have
THE ACID-BASE BALANCE OF THE SKIN.
Authors: D. S. ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1951)

Journal Article THE ACID‐BASE BALANCE OF THE SKIN. Get access D. S. ANDERSON, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. D. S. ANDERSON, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.C.H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 63, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1951, Pages 283–295, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1951.tb13728.x Published: 01 August 1951
Doctors have become more caring than nurses
Authors: M Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2000)

How life changes. As a clinical nurse, manager, and educationalist who is about to celebrate 25 years in nursing in some guise or another, never would I have imagined that I would admit that the medical profession has become more caring than my own. Yes, those very same nurses, who I believed prided themselves in providing high quality personal care, the real essence of nursing, have changed. What I see now bears little resemblance to the service I entered. An unfeeling leviathan seems to have been created.

> Nurses must take stock of where nursing is going before it is too late 

Sadly, I reach this conclusion after a short spell in a large teaching hospital. I had what ministers would describe as a patient experience. Many members of my profession will undoubtedly view me as a heretic, and I can understand them. But nurses must take stock of where nursing …
Prognostic Significance of the Detection of Peripheral Blood CEACAM5mRNA-Positive Cells by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction in Operable Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Nikolaos Vardakis, Ippokratis Messaritakis, Chara Papadaki, Georgios Agoglossakis, Maria Sfakianaki, Zacharenia Saridaki, Stella Apostolaki, Ioannis Koutroubakis, Maria Perraki, Dora Hatzidaki, Dimitris Mavroudis, Vassilis Georgoulias, John Souglakos
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

To evaluate the clinical relevance of circulating CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells in patients with operable colorectal cancer (CRC).Peripheral blood was obtained from 265 patients with operable CRC before the initiation of adjuvant systemic therapy from 96 normal donors and RNA prepared from the Lovo and ARH-77 CRC and leukemic cell lines, respectively, was used as positive and negative controls. The detection of CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells was done using a real-time PCR assay. The association with known prognostic factors and the effect of CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells on patients' prognosis was investigated.The analytical detection limit of the method was found to correspond to 0.7 Lovo cell equivalence/5 μg RNA, with a sensitivity of 1 tumor cell/10(5) normal cells and a specificity of 97%. Ninety-eight (37%) patients had detectable circulating CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells. Detection of CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells was significantly associated with higher relapse rate (P < 0.001), decreased disease-free survival (DFS; P < 0.001), higher death rate (P = 0.017), and decreased median overall survival (P = 0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed that the detection of circulating CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells was an independent prognostic factor for decreased DFS [HR = 3.4; 95% CI: 2.0-5.9; P < 0.001].Detection of peripheral blood CEACAM5mRNA-positive cells is an adverse prognostic factor correlated with poor clinical outcome in patients with operable CRC.
GP is held entirely responsible for brain damage of child who was discharged from hospital after head injury
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Medical Defence Union (MDU) has lost an unusual High Court battle it launched to try to get back from the NHS some or all of the £4.5m (€5.6m; $7.2m) it had to pay in compensation and costs as a result of a young GP’s mistake nearly 20 years ago.

The case dates back to June 1993, when 2 year old Aaron Blain’s pushchair became tangled in the reins of a panicking horse on a farm visit and tipped him over on to his head.

Aaron was treated at the Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, where he was found to have a slight leak from his nose that tested positive for glucose, indicating that it was cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). He was started on antibiotics and discharged two days after admission when the leak had stopped, with the expectation that it would heal itself. …
Specific interaction of IgE antibodies with a carbohydrate epitope of honey bee venom phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>
Authors: A. Weber, H. Schröder, K. Thalberg, L. Marz
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Phospholipase A 2 (E.C. 3.1.1.4.) is a major allergen of honey bee venom. It exists in a glycosylated and an unglycosylated variant. Both forms and the glycopeptide isolated after exhaustive proteolytic digestion were tested in RAST and RAST inhibition studies. IgE from 11 of 14 bee venom allergy sera exhibited significantly higher, and in two cases exclusive, affinity towards glycosylated phospholipase. In RAST inhibition experiments using phospholipase coupled to discs five of the sera were completely inhibited by glycopeptide at 0.1 mg/ml; four sera were partially inhibited and two sera could not be inhibited. Glycoasparagine, lacking all amino acids except the carbohydrate‐linking asparagine, inhibits IgE‐binding to glycopeptide discs up to 100%. These data clearly demonstrate that an oligosaccharide of a structural type frequently found in glycoproteins can represent an epitope which is recognized by IgE antibodies from allergic patients, which are specifically directed against the parent glycoprotein.
T47D/PKCα Cells Are Nonmigratory and Noninvasive <i>In Vitro</i> Despite Tamoxifen Resistance <i>In Vivo.</i>
Authors: B. Perez White, D. Tonetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: We have previously reported that overexpression of PKCα in T47D (T47D/PKCα) breast cancer cells results in hormone independence, growth inhibition by estradiol, and tamoxifen resistance (Chisamore, 2001). This has clinical relevance because we have shown that PKCα overexpression may predict disease recurrence and tamoxifen treatment failure suggesting consideration of other treatments (Tonetti, 2003). Further characterization reveals that T47D/PKCα cells are noninvasive in vitro compared to T47D/neo control cells in Matrigel invasion assays and that knockdown of PKCα reverses the phenotype (Perez White, AACR 2009). We have further characterized the in vitro phenotype of T47D/PKCα cells using migration assay and profiling of proteins associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Adherens junctions are made of a complex of proteins including E-cadherin whose dissolution is thought to play a role in EMT. E-cadherin can be transcriptionally repressed by the embryonic transcription factor Snail1. Generally, cells that lose expression of E-cadherin gain expression of N-cadherin and/or vimentin which is correlated to increased migration, invasion, and metastasis.Methods: To determine migration, cells were plated in serum-free media into Boyden chambers for 24 h with media containing 10% fetal bovine serum as chemoattractant. Protein expression levels were determined by western blot of whole cell extracts and transcript levels by RT-qPCR. Statistical analyses were performed by t-test with GraphPad Prism 5.Results: Migration assay results show that T47D/PKCα cells are nonmigratory compared to T47D/neo cells (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Western blots show that there is significantly lower expression of E-cadherin in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo cells (P &amp;lt; 0.005). However, transcripts of E-cadherin are expressed at 3-fold higher levels in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo cells. Neither cell line expresses vimentin, N-cadherin, or Snail1 proteins.Conclusions: T47D/PKCα cells have reduced invasive and migratory potential even though they have decreased expression of E-cadherin. Results indicate that regulation of E-cadherin may be due to translational repression or increased degradation due to increased transcripts and absence of a transcriptional repressor. In summary, despite the fact that PKCα overexpression correlates with tamoxifen resistance, these tumors may have a better prognosis due to the less invasive and migratory nature of these cells. Future mechanistic and clinical studies are needed to determine the full prognostic impact of PKCα tumor overexpression in patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6173.
Cost-effectiveness analysis.
Authors: R Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

When different health care interventions are not expected to produce the same outcomes both the costs and the consequences of the options need to be assessed. This can be done by cost-effectiveness analysis, whereby the costs are compared with outcomes measured in natural units--for example, per life saved, per life year gained, and per pain or symptom free day. Many cost-effective analyses rely on existing published studies for effectiveness data as it is often too costly or time consuming to collect data on cost and effectiveness during a clinical trial. Where there is uncertainty about the costs and effectiveness of procedures sensitivity analysis can be used, which examines the sensitivity of the results to alternative assumptions about key variables. In this article Ray Robinson describes these methods of analysis and discusses possibilities for how the benefits of alternative interventions should be valued.
Neurological dysfunction and hyperactive behavior associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. A mouse model.
Authors: L Ziporen, Y Shoenfeld, Y Levy, A D Korczyn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with various neurological manifestations, but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. We assessed mice with induced experimental antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) for neurological and behavioral changes. After immunization with monoclonal human anticardiolipin antibody (H-3), female BALB/c mice developed elevated levels of circulating anti-negatively charged phospholipids (aPL), anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (abeta2GPI), and anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA), along with clinical manifestations of APS like thrombocytopenia and fetus resorption. APS mice were impaired neurologically and performed several reflexes less accurately compared to the controls, including placing reflex (P < 0.05), postural reflex (P < 0.05), and grip test (P = 0.05). The APS mice also exhibited hyperactive behavior in an open field, which tests spatial behavior (P < 0.03), and displayed impaired motor coordination on a rotating bar. aPL in combination with abeta2GPI and AECA is probably involved in the neurological and behavioral defects shown in mice with experimental APS.
Lymphocytotoxicity test against rabbit hepatocytes in chronic liver diseases.
Authors: A Facchini, G F Stefanini, M Bernardi, F Miglio, G Gasbarrini, G Labo
Journal: Gut (1978)

We have studied the cytotoxicity against rabbit liver cells of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of 71 patients with various liver diseases. The group with chronic active hepatitis and three patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis showed significantly higher mean values of lymphocytotoxicity (P less than 0.001) compared with the other patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, post-necrotic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Wilson's disease, and prolonged viral hepatitis. The mean cytotoxicity of these last groups did not differ significantly from controls. In four out of six patients with chronic active hepatitis a significant decrease of lymphocytotoxicity was found after immunosuppressive therapy with oral prednisolone. A good correlation between the lymphocytotoxicity test and histological signs of activity suggests that a cell-mediated immune aggression is present in this disease.
Enabling stem cell therapies through synthetic stem cell–niche engineering
Authors: Raheem Peerani, Peter W. Zandstra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Enabling stem cell–targeted therapies requires an understanding of how to create local microenvironments (niches) that stimulate endogenous stem cells or serve as a platform to receive and guide the integration of transplanted stem cells and their derivatives. In vivo, the stem cell niche is a complex and dynamic unit. Although components of the in vivo niche continue to be described for many stem cell systems, how these components interact to modulate stem cell fate is only beginning to be understood. Using the HSC niche as a model, we discuss here microscale engineering strategies capable of systematically examining and reconstructing individual niche components. Synthetic stem cell–niche engineering may form a new foundation for regenerative therapies.
THE PLACE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN THE MEDICAL SCHOOL
Authors: W. S. LEATHERS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

It has almost become a truism that during the last two decades the standards of medical education have been tremendously improved and the endowments of schools of medicine enormously increased. The amazing advancement in the methods of training the undergraduate student in medicine easily surpasses that of any other phase of educational endeavor. This means that better equipment is provided for laboratory teaching, that the personnel of medical faculties has been enlarged and as a whole improved in quality, and that more adequate and superior hospital facilities have been provided for clinical instruction. It is, however, manifest that insufficient emphasis has been placed on teaching the prevention and control of disease. Moreover, it has become increasingly evident to leaders of medical thought that the preventive aspects of medicine have not been sufficiently stressed in the medical curriculum as a whole, and I think it is also generally agreed that if
TP53 Mutational Status and Cetuximab Benefit in Rectal Cancer: 5-Year Results of the EXPERT-C Trial
Authors: Francesco Sclafani, David Gonzalez, David Cunningham, Sanna Hulkki Wilson, Clare Peckitt, Josep Tabernero, Bengt Glimelius, Andrés Cervantes, Alice Dewdney, Andrew Wotherspoon, Gina Brown, Diana Tait, Jacqueline Oates, Ian Chau
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

In this updated analysis of the EXPERT-C trial we show that, in magnetic resonance imaging–defined, high-risk, locally advanced rectal cancer, adding cetuximab to a treatment strategy with neoadjuvant CAPOX followed by chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX is not associated with a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in both KRAS/BRAF wild-type and unselected patients. In a retrospective biomarker analysis, TP53 was not prognostic but emerged as an independent predictive biomarker for cetuximab benefit. After a median follow-up of 65.0 months, TP53 wild-type patients (n = 69) who received cetuximab had a statistically significant better PFS (89.3% vs 65.0% at 5 years; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07 to 0.78; two-sided P = .02 by Cox regression) and OS (92.7% vs 67.5% at 5 years; HR = 0.16; 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.70; two-sided P = .02 by Cox regression) than TP53 wild-type patients who were treated in the control arm. An interaction between TP53 status and cetuximab effect was found ( P < .05) and remained statistically significant after adjusting for statistically significant prognostic factors and KRAS .
Association between the exercise ejection fraction response and systolic wall stress in patients with chronic aortic insufficiency.
Authors: B Greenberg, B Massie, D Thomas, J D Bristow, M Cheitlin, D Broudy, J Szlachcic, G Krishnamurthy
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We studied the exercise ejection fraction response in 56 patients with chronic aortic insufficiency. All had left ventricular dilatation but preserved resting ejection fraction and minimal or no symptoms. The exercise ejection fraction increased by 0.05 units or greater in 18 (32%) patients (group I), remained within 0.05 units of the resting value in 18 (32%) patients (group II), and fell by 0.05 units or greater in 20 (36%) patients (group III). There were no significant differences among the groups in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, end-systolic dimension, or fractional shortening by echocardiography or in resting left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by radionuclide angiography. Left ventricular end-systolic wall stress was significantly higher in group III than in either group I or group II (89 +/- 20 vs 70 +/- 18 and 69 +/- 17 X 10(3) dyne/cm2; p less than .005). At peak exercise there were no differences among groups in systolic blood pressure. However, end-systolic volume increased from 65 +/- 28 to 77 +/- 36 ml/m2 in group III and fell from 50 +/- 21 to 28 +/- 18 ml/m2 in group I during exercise. Thus, at peak exercise end-systolic volume was nearly three times greater in group III than in group I. Although stress could not be determined directly during exercise, the directional changes in its determinants suggest that it also would have been higher in group III patients. A highly significant inverse correlation was present between the ejection fraction response and the change in end-systolic volume (r = -.87, p less than .0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Response of the systemic and pulmonary circulation to alpha- and beta-receptor blockade (labetalol) at rest and during exercise in hypertensive patients.
Authors: R Fagard, A Amery, T Reybrouck, P Lijnen, L Billiet
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Labetalol (L), a drug with both a-and fl-adrenoceptor blocking properties, was administered to 18 hypertensive patients for an average duration of 2.44 weeks, with an average final daily dose of 1.65 g.L decreased resting heart rate (HR) by 16% and maximal exercise HR by 21%; the phenylephrine-induced rise of brachial artery pressure (BAP) was reduced by 30-40%, and the rise of systemic vascular resistance (SVR) by 50%.L lowered BAP by 29/15 mm Hg in the recumbent position (RR), by 41/23 mm Hg at rest sitting (RS), and by 53/23 mm Hg at maximal exercise; SVR was not significantly affected at RR but was reduced at RS and at exercise; cardiac output (CO) decreased in all conditions.L reduced mean pulmonary artery and capillary wedge pressures only at RS.These hemodynamic observations suggest that the antihypertensive ac- tion of L is based mainly on its f-receptor blocking properties at RR, and on both its a-and f-receptor blocking effects sitting and at exercise.Finally pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was not influenced by L, and the phenylephrine-induced increase of PVR was unaffected; the pulmonary arterioles thus seem to react differently to L than the systemic arterioles.ALPHA-ADRENERGIC receptor blocking agents lower blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetic vasoconstriction.However, these drugs have not been used frequently to treat hypertension, mainly because of postural hypotension;' indeed, efferent adrenergic pathways operating through a-receptors play an im- portant role in the cardiovascular adaptation to up- right posture.Beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents are being used more frequently because of their effectiveness and relative freedom from side effects.2Whereas a-adrenergic receptor blockers primarily decrease vascular resistance, f-blockers, regardless of their cardioselective properties, lower cardiac output (CO) with, on average, unchanged systemic vascular resistance (SVR).3-9Attempts to treat hypertensive patients with combined administration of an a-and a fl-receptor blocking drug'0-12 have had differing results.The results were encouraging in one study.10In a second study," blood pressure decreased slightly when phentolamine was added to oxprenolol.In a third study,'2 the combination resulted in severe side effects, including postural hypotension.However, research efforts have continued in this area and a drug with a-, [,and f2-adrenoceptor blocking properties (labetalol, AH 5158) has been produced.The drug is six to 10 times less potent than phentolamine in blocking a receptors and one and one-half to three times