tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of autologous helper and suppressor T cells in the regulation of human granulopoiesis
Authors: Ronald D. Barr, Catherine A. Stevens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Helper and suppressor T cells play a physiological role in immunoregulation and possibly in other biological systems. Previous studies have suggested that unfractionated T cells influence human blood cell formation in vitro. Subpopulations of such cells (TM and TG cells) were prepared by immune ox erythrocyte rosetting techniques. Co-cultures were established in semi-solid agar with autologous null lymphocytes as a source of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). TM(helper) cells produced an increase and TG (suppressor) cells a decrease in the expression of CFU-GM as reflected in the number of GM colonies generated by comparison with cultures of null lymphocytes alone. These data point to a contribution from T lymphocyte subpopulations to the physiological regulation of human granulopoiesis.
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Associated with Interferon Beta
Authors: David Hunt, David Kavanagh, Iain Drummond, Belinda Weller, Christopher Bellamy, James Overell, Stephen Evans, Andrew Jackson, Siddharthan Chandran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

per 1.73 m 2 , respectively, and the mean serum albumin level increased from 1.2 to 3.7, 3.5, and 3.1 g per deciliter, respectively (Table 1).Aside from one transient infusion reaction, none of the patients had any serious adverse events during the study period.Ofatumumab may be an effective treatment in managing refractory SRNS.Further studies are necessary to confirm these observations and to define the most effective dose and safety of ofatumumab in managing SRNS.
Roche's decision to drop Herceptin patent in India opens way for generics
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Swiss drug producer Roche has confirmed that it will not pursue a patent application in India for its breast cancer drug trastuzumab (which it markets as Herceptin). The decision could pave the way for manufacturers of generic drugs to make copies of the drug in India, although it could be several years before any of these versions reach patients.

Roche said on Friday 16 August that it would not pursue “Indian patent number 205534,” which would have enabled it to extend the patent on trastuzumab in India until 2019. The company said …
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 20 loci that influence adult height
Authors: Michael N Weedon, Hana Lango, Cecilia M Lindgren, Chris Wallace, David M Evans, Massimo Mangino, Rachel M Freathy, John R B Perry, Suzanne Stevens, Alistair S Hall, Nilesh J Samani, Beverly Shields, Inga Prokopenko, Martin Farrall, Anna Dominiczak, Toby Johnson, Sven Bergmann, Jacques S Beckmann, Peter Vollenweider, Dawn M Waterworth, Vincent Mooser, Colin N A Palmer, Andrew D Morris, Willem H Ouwehand, Mark Caulfield, Patricia B Munroe, Andrew T Hattersley, Mark I McCarthy, Timothy M Frayling
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Patient Motion in Thallium-201 Myocardial SPECT Imaging An Easily Identified Frequent Source of Artifactual Defect
Authors: JOHN FRIEDMAN, DANIEL S. BERMAN, KENNETH VAN TRAIN, ERNEST V. GARCIA, JAMES BIETENDORF, FLORENCE PRIGENT, ALAN ROZANSKI, ALAN WAXMAN, JAMSHID MADDAHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Because TI-201 SPECT requires that patients remain in an awkward position for a prolonged time, patient motion is a potentially serious source of artifactual defects on tomographic reconstructions. Thus, a simple method was developed for detection and correction of motion from SPECT images using a Co–57 point source placed on the lower anterior chest, an area remaining in the camera's field of view throughout imaging. In the absence of motion, this point source inscribes a straight line on planar summation of the 32 projections over 180°. Movement is detected by deviation from this line. The number of pixels of motion is used to shift images so that the resultant images of the point source are linear. The method of motion detection and correction was tested in 48 consecutive patients undergoing TI-201 SPECT. The corrected and uncorrected images were reconstructed and long and short axis tomographic cuts were quantitatively analyzed using circumferential profiles of maximal counts with comparison to the lower limits of normal. Motion was detected in eight of 48 patients (17%). The amount of motion was 2 pixels in three patients and 1 pixel in five patients. Quantitative defect extent was less after correction in seven of eight patients, with a mean decrease of 71% in patients with 2 pixel motion and 44% in patients with 1 pixel motion. This corresponded with a definite reduction in the size of the tomographic defect by visual analysis, and closer resemblance to quantitatively analyzed planar images performed either before or after tomography in the same patient. Patient motion is a common problem in SPECT TI-201 imaging, which may result in major tomographic artifacts. A method is described that provides a simple practical approach for the detection of patient motion. An approach to correction of motion is also described.
A Phase II Trial of Vorinostat (Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid) in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A California Cancer Consortium Study
Authors: Thehang H. Luu, Robert J. Morgan, Lucille Leong, Dean Lim, Mark McNamara, Jana Portnow, Paul Frankel, David D. Smith, James H. Doroshow, David R. Gandara, Ana Aparicio, George Somlo, Carol Wong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The primary goal of this trial was to determine the response rate of single-agent vorinostat in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The secondary goals included assessment of time to progression, evaluation of toxicities, and overall survival. Experimental Design: From June 2005 to March 2006, 14 patients received vorinostat, 200 mg p.o., twice daily for 14 days of each 21 day cycle. Response and progression were evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Results: The median age for all patients was 60.5 years (range, 37-88). Eight patients were estrogen receptor and/or progesterone positive, four were Her-2 positive. Sites of metastatic disease included brain, liver, lungs, bones, pelvis, pleura, chest wall, and distant lymph nodes. Patients received a median of 1.5 prior (range, 0-2) chemotherapeutic regimens for metastatic disease. Fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, and lymphopenia were the most frequent clinically significant adverse effects. The median number of cycles delivered was 2 (range, 1-20). There were no complete or partial responses, and the study was terminated after the first stage; however, 4 patients were observed with stable disease with time to progression of 4, 8, 9, and 14 months. The median number of months that patients received treatment on this study was 1.7 (range, 0.5-14). Conclusions: Although not meeting the RECIST response criteria for adequate single-agent activity, the observed tolerable toxicities and the potential for clinical benefit in terms of stable disease suggest that further assessment of vorinostat as a part of combination therapy with either chemotherapeutic or targeted agents in metastatic breast might be undertaken.
Dermatological side effects of hepatitis C and its treatment: Patient management in the era of direct-acting antivirals
Authors: Patrice Cacoub, Marc Bourlière, Jann Lübbe, Nicolas Dupin, Peter Buggisch, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Christophe Hézode, Odile Picard, Ramon Pujol, Siegfried Segaert, Bing Thio, Jean-Claude Roujeau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Dermatological adverse events (AEs) are an existing concern during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and peginterferon/ribavirin treatment. HCV infection leads to dermatological and muco-cutaneous manifestations including small-vessel vasculitis as part of the mixed cryoglobulinemic syndrome. Peginterferon/ribavirin treatment is associated with well-characterized dermatological AEs tending towards a uniform entity of dermatitis. New direct-acting antivirals have led to significant improvements in sustained virologic response rates, but several have led to an increase in dermatological AEs versus peginterferon/ribavirin alone. In telaprevir trials, approximately half of treated patients had rash. More than 90% of these events were Grade 1 or 2 (mild/moderate) and in the majority (92%) of cases, progression to a more severe grade did not occur. In a small number of cases (6%), rash led to telaprevir discontinuation, whereupon symptoms commonly resolved. Dermatological AEs with telaprevir-based triple therapy were generally similar to those observed with peginterferon/ribavirin (xerosis, pruritus, and eczema). A few cases were classified as severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR), also referred to as serious skin reactions, a group of rare conditions that are potentially life-threatening. It is therefore important to distinguish between telaprevir-related dermatitis and SCAR. The telaprevir prescribing information does not require telaprevir discontinuation for Grade 1 or 2 (mild/moderate) rash, which can be treated using emollients/moisturizers and topical corticosteroids. For Grade 3 rash, the prescribing information mandates immediate telaprevir discontinuation, with ribavirin interruption (with or without peginterferon) within 7 days of stopping telaprevir if there is no improvement, or sooner if it worsens. In case of suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of SCAR, all study medication must be discontinued.
Treatment of cancer micrometastasis using a multicomponent chain-like nanoparticle
Authors: Pubudu M. Peiris, Randall Toy, Aaron Abramowski, Pete Vicente, Samantha Tucci, Lisa Bauer, Aaron Mayer, Morgan Tam, Elizabeth Doolittle, Jenna Pansky, Emily Tran, Dishen Lin, William P. Schiemann, Ketan B. Ghaghada, Mark A. Griswold, Efstathios Karathanasis
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Preparing for the Sickest Patients With 2009 Influenza A(H1N1)
Authors: Douglas B. White
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Filtering Medline for a clinical discipline: diagnostic test assessment framework
Authors: A. X Garg, A. V Iansavichus, N. L Wilczynski, M. Kastner, L. A Baier, S. Z Shariff, F. Rehman, M. Weir, K A. McKibbon, R B. Haynes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To develop and test a Medline filter that allows clinicians to search for articles within a clinical discipline, rather than searching the entire Medline database. <b>Design</b> Diagnostic test assessment framework with development and validation phases. <b>Setting</b> Sample of 4657 articles published in 2006 from 40 journals. <b>Reviews</b> Each article was manually reviewed, and 19.8% contained information relevant to the discipline of nephrology. The performance of 1 155 087 unique renal filters was compared with the manual review. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of each filter. <b>Results</b> The best renal filters combined two to 14 terms or phrases and included the terms "kidney" with multiple endings (that is, truncation), "renal replacement therapy", "renal dialysis", "kidney function tests", "renal", "nephr" truncated, "glomerul" truncated, and "proteinuria". These filters achieved peak sensitivities of 97.8% and specificities of 98.5%. Performance of filters remained excellent in the validation phase. <b>Conclusions</b> Medline can be filtered for the discipline of nephrology in a reliable manner. Storing these high performance renal filters in PubMed could help clinicians with their everyday searching. Filters can also be developed for other clinical disciplines by using similar methods.
Diagnosis of parkinsonism
Authors: I. Moseley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Dr Thant and colleagues (April 2002 JRSM1) describe ‘a young man with parkinsonism’ with the unusual features of no tremor, a poor response to levodopa, ‘rapid progression of his symptoms and the presence of other neurological signs’ and ‘conduction abnormalities in the anterior visual pathways bilaterally’ on visual evoked responses. They imply that the demonstration of diffusely increased signal from white matter on T2-weighted images, together with low signal in the basal ganglia and dentate nuclei (the latter shown by CT to be due to calcium deposits) clinched the diagnosis in a way the clinical features did not.

This is surely erroneous. I would suggest that they have not made a diagnosis, let alone explained, for example, the visual abnormalities. They do not comment, other than in the case report, on the significance of the white-matter disease. More fundamentally, as they point out, a small proportion of patients without intracranial disease or neurological deficits show calcification in the areas they describe. They attribute ‘pyramidal signs, psychiatric symptoms, urinary incontinence, and epilepsy... in some patients’ to a disease process which these changes might reflect, but the evidence that calcification is not simply an incidental finding in patients being investigated for these disparate conditions is largely lacking.

There is confusion in the references; however, I believe the authors are mistaken in their view that MRI ‘is especially useful if... parkinsonian features are associated with other neurological features’ (my italics). As regards papers claiming to demonstrate any utility of differentiating clinically similar conditions by imaging, it may be helpful to remind oneself that in parkinsonism the imaging features have been found to be less constant than the clinical characteristics (on which the studies have been predicated), and that imaging may tend to be least helpful when the clinical diagnosis is in doubt. As regards which patients with akinetic rigid syndromes will respond to treatment with levodopa or dopamine agonists—which would seem to be the greatest potential contribution of MRI or, for example, positron emission tomography—a worker with the latter method observed that ‘informed trial and error seems as good a therapeutic approach as... imaging’2.
Prelinical and Phase I Studies With Rhizoxin to Apply a Pharmacokinetically Guided Dose-Escalation Scheme
Authors: M. A. Graham, D. Bissett, A. Setanoians, T. Hamilton, D. J. Kerr, R. Henrar, S. B. Kaye
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Prelinical and Phase I Studies With Rhizoxin to Apply a Pharmacokinetically Guided Dose-Escalation Scheme Get access M. A. Graham, M. A. Graham * Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Medical Oncology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, Scotland, U.K. *Correspondence to: M. A. Graham, Ph.D., CRC Department of Medical Oncology, University of Glasgow, Alexander Stone Building, Garscube Estate. Switchback Rd., Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Bissett, D. Bissett Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Medical Oncology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Setanoians, A. Setanoians Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Medical Oncology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Hamilton, T. Hamilton Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Medical Oncology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. J. Kerr, D. J. Kerr Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Medical Oncology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Henrar, R. Henrar European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer New Drug Development Office, Free University HospitalAmsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. B. Kaye S. B. Kaye Cancer Research Campaign, Department of Medical Oncology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 7, April 1992, Pages 494–500, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.7.494 Published: 01 April 1992 Article history Received: 08 August 1991 Revision received: 06 November 1991 Accepted: 23 December 1991 Published: 01 April 1992
"Innovation in the Pharmaceutical industry".
Authors: T B Binns
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Association on Mental Deficiency (AAMD).The concept of mild retardation is quantitative and embraces, using conventional standards, some 2 20, of the population in addition to the 0 4%' who are even less gifted.Not all of this considerable population is in receipt of special services, even at school age; but prospects for training for skilled employment and independent social adaptation tend to be limited.Fortunately, the AAMD has omitted from the revised classification of mental handicap' the term "borderline mental retardation," but this is still in common use and embraces much of the "dull normal" stream.It seems contrary to the general sense of the leading article thus arbitrarily to exclude any causal role in mental retardation to mal- nutrition when this can admittedly cause some deficiency in the developing brain.It would seem more reasonable in the present state of science to keep an open mind on this question and to view it as one of the many possible modes of operation of the impact of adverse social and economic factors among under- privileged groups and disadvantaged classes.
Deleterious influence of hypothyroidism on evolving myocardial infarction in conscious dogs.
Authors: R P Karlsberg, D A Friscia, W S Aronow, S S Sekhon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

To study the influence of hypometabolism on evolving myocardial infarction in a model with intact autoregulation, we investigated 53 awake dogs after coronary artery occlusion. Severe hypothyroidism was induced by the intravenous administration of 131I. Animals were instrumented to obtain hemodynamic measurements, and regional myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Infarct size was determined by the creatine kinase depletion method, and dysrhythmia analysis was performed from 24-h Holter monitor tapes in animals matched for infarct size. The microarchitecture of hypothyroid myocardium was determined by the electron microscope. Before coronary occlusion, mean systemic pressure in hypothyroid dogs was reduced by 14% and cardiac output reduced by 32%, with no change in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, first derivative of left ventricular pressure rise, (dP/dt), or heart rate. After coronary occlusion, there was deterioration in hemodynamic measurements in both groups, with lower absolute levels of mean systemic blood pressure and cardiac output obtained in hypothyroid dogs. Hypothyroidism was detrimental to evolving infarction with a 36% increase in infarct size present in hypothyroid dogs (30 +/- 2%) compared to euthyroid controls (22 +/- 3%), P less than 0.05. Dysrhythmias were more severe in hypothyroid dogs. There were no changes in the relationship between regional myocardial blood flow and the extent of infarction after coronary occlusion. Abnormalities in microarchitecture were present in hypothyroid dog myocardium. Severe hypometabolism in this model was associated with alterations in hemodynamics, more severe dysrhythmias and changes in microarchitecture. The combined effect of these alterations resulted in an overall detrimental influence of hypothyroidism on evolving myocardial necrosis in this model.
The Medical Humanities and Medical Education
Authors: Michael A. Bogdasarian
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of Hsp90: A Multitarget Approach to Radiosensitization
Authors: Kevin Camphausen, Philip J. Tofilon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hsp90, the 90 kDa heat shock protein, is a highly expressed molecular chaperone that modulates the stability and/or transport of a diverse set of critical cellular regulatory proteins. Among Hsp90 clients are a number of proteins, which in a cell type–dependent manner, contribute to tumor cell radioresistance. Exposure of a variety of solid tumor cell lines to clinically relevant Hsp90 inhibitors results in the simultaneous loss of these radioresponse-associated proteins, which is accompanied by an increase in radiosensitivity. This radiosensitization has been linked to a compromise in the DNA damage response to radiation including the inhibition of cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA double-strand break repair. With respect to potential clinical application, the expression of ErbB3 seems to predict tumor cells that are resistant to the effects of Hsp90 inhibition on radiosensitivity. Moreover, whereas an increase in tumor cell radiosensitivity was consistently reported, the radiosensitivity of normal fibroblasts was not affected by Hsp90 inhibition, suggesting the potential for tumor-selective radiosensitization. This review summarizes the preclinical data available on Hsp90 inhibition and cellular radiosensitivity. Results generated to date suggest that Hsp90 inhibition can provide a multitarget approach to tumor radiosensitization.