tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
‘Functional Relaxation’ Reduces Acute Airway Obstruction in Asthmatics as Effectively as Inhaled Terbutaline
Authors: T.H. Loew, W. Siegfried, P. Martus, K. Tritt, E.G. Hahn
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: 'Functional relaxation' (German: 'Funktionelle Entspannung') has been developed since 1944 by the German physiotherapist M. Fuchs. It is based on concentrating on body perception while moving the joints of the skeleton smoothly and at the same time breathing out. This procedure induces a physical and emotional relaxation in many cases. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of standardized elements of a somatopsychotherapy (eFE) and a standardized bronchodilatative test using terbutaline (IT). Methods: Seventeen asthmatic patients with acute airway obstruction had either IT or eFE on 2 consecutive days. Airway resistance (Raw) was measured before and after IT and eFE. It was used for statistical evaluation as it is independent of the patient's will. Results: Although both therapies lead to a significant mean decrease in Raw (p < 0.01), the comparison revealed no superiority of one over the other (ANOVA on repeated measurements, p > 0.78). Conclusions: This study supports the benefit of psychosomatic therapy in the relief of asthma and the procedure can be used as an easy-to-learn relaxation technique to be used during acute asthmatic airway obstruction.
Hepatic Uptake of Tc-99m MDP in Ischemic Hepatitis
Authors: GIUSEPPE T. CARDACI, AGATHA VAN DER SCHAAF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Ischemic hepatitis may occur following an episode of prolonged hypotension, with resultant hepatocellular necrosis. Markedly elevated liver enzymes were noted in a patient following an episode of hypotension due to ventricular arrhythmia. Liver CT scan and ultrasound were normal. A bone scan performed 5 days later for the investigation of back pain demonstrates striking homogeneous uptake of Tc-99m MDP in the liver.
Stop treating indolent lesions
Authors: A. Evans, E. Cornford, J. James
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Jorgensen and Gotzsche estimate overdiagnosis by mammographic screening programmes to be 52%, making assumptions about incidence changes from age groups too young to be screened.1 But Zackrisson et al measured the rate as 10%.2 That Jorgensen and Gotzsche did not discuss or reference this study is surprising.

In the accompanying …
Escherichia coli molecular phylogeny using the incongruence length difference test
Authors: G. Lecointre, L. Rachdi, P. Darlu, E. Denamur
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Molecular phylogeny of the species Escherichia coli using the E. coli reference (ECOR) collection strains has been hampered by (1) the absence of rooting in the commonly used phenogram obtained from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) data and (2) the existence of recombination events between strains that scramble phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the nucleotide sequences of genes. We attempted to determine the phylogeny for E. coli based on the ECOR strain data by extracting from GenBank the nucleotide sequences of 11 chromosomal structural and 2 plasmid genes for which the Salmonella enterica homologous gene sequences were available. For each of the 13 DNA data sets studied, incongruence with a nonnucleotide whole-genome data set including MLEE, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and rrn restriction fragment length polymorphism data was measured using the incongruence length difference (ILD) test of Farris et al. As previously reported, the incongruence observed between the gnd and plasmid gene data and the whole-genome data was multiple, indicating numerous horizontal transfer and/or recombination events. In five cases, the incongruence detected by the ILD test was punctual, and the donor group was identified. Congruence was not rejected for the remaining data sets. The strains responsible for incongruences with the whole-genome data set were removed, leading to a "prior-agreement" approach, i.e., the determination of a phylogeny for E. coli based on several genes, excluding (1) the genes with multiple incongruences with the whole genome data, (2) the strains responsible for punctual incongruences, and (3) the genes incongruent with each other. The obtained phylogeny shows that the most basal group of E. coli strains is the B2 group rather than the A group, as generally thought. The D group then emerges as the sister group of the rest. Finally, the A and B1 groups are sister groups. Interestingly, the most primitive taxon within E. coli in terms of branching pattern, i.e., the B2 group, includes highly virulent extraintestinal strains with derived characters (extraintestinal virulence determinants) occurring on its own branch.
Preventive Health Strategies and the Policy Makers' Paradox
Authors: Eric Y. Brown, Catherine M. Viscoli, Ralph I. Horwitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The likelihood of developing many diseases is predicted by levels of risk factors. Many public health strategies have been created to apply interventions (for example, drugs, diets, exercise) intended to lower levels of these factors and thereby prevent disease. Often, these strategies are based on the interpretation of incomplete evidence for the effectiveness of the interventions. The reason this evidence is and will likely remain incomplete is explained by the policy makers' paradox. The paradox occurs when evidence for an intervention's effectiveness is obtained in persons with the highest levels of a risk factor, but the application of the intervention may have the greatest potential for reducing disease burden in persons with lower levels. Resolution of the paradox requires consideration of the type and quality of evidence, the society's time preference for risk, and the society's choice about allocation of scarce resources.
OC-071 Comparison of Faecal M2-PK and Fit in Screening for Colonic Polyps in an average Risk Population
Authors: R Leen, N Shearer, C O’Morain, D McNamara
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) are acceptable to a large part of the general population but used alone are poor at detecting adenomas. An ELISA which measures faecal M2-pyruvate kinase (M2-PK) has been shown to be useful for detecting colonic pathology. <h3>Aims</h3> To prospectively compare M2-PK and FIT in screening for colonic polyps and cancer in the second round of our pilot FIT-based Colorectal cancer screening programme. <h3>Methods</h3> The second round of our FIT pilot programme was conducted over a two year period. Patients were sent invites by post to return a FIT sample from each of two days. All participants were aged 50 – 74 and living locally to our hospital. As part of this round, over a six month period all invitations additionally included containers to collect a single M2-PK stool sample. All FIT’s returned on time were measured locally. All M2-PK samples received within 48 hours of passing stool were frozen and analysed centrally by ScheBo Biotech AG (Germany). All FIT positive (&gt;100 ngHb/ml) or M2-PK positive (&gt;4 U/ml) patients were contacted and assessed for colonoscopy. All colonoscopies were conducted in the same way between both groups. <h3>Results</h3> Over the six month period 1,800 combined M2-PK and FIT invites have been sent. 879 samples were returned and analysed for faecal M2-PK and FIT; of these 245 were positive for either one or both of these markers. After being contacted 34 (13%) of this group were excluded as they had a colonoscopy within 3 years and were all in polyp surveillance programmes. Of the remaining patients: 30 (3.4% of 879) were FIT positive M2-PK negative; 160 (18.2%) were positive for M2-PK ( &gt; 4U/ml) negative for FIT and 21 (2.3%) were positive for both markers. In the FIT positive M2-PK negative group there were 10 patients with adenomas (adenoma detection rate 33%). In those who were M2-PK positive but FIT negative there were 34 people with adenomas (ADR 23%). Therefore these adenomas would not have been detected by relying on FIT alone. Of the remaining 21 positive for both, 6 (29%) had adenomas and another 4 (19%) had colitis/proctitis. There have not been any cancers in this group to date. Interestingly sessile serrated adenomas were detected in 5 (4.4%) of people M2-PK positive but only two (less than 1%) in our entire FIT positive group. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Studies have shown FIT has relatively low sensitivity for adenomas. The addition of another stool marker such as faecal M2-PK increases the detection of polyps in a screening population. A single M2-PK sample detects more adenomas than two day FIT alone. Also M2-PK appears to be more sensitive for serrated adenomas than FIT but further studies are needed to confirm this. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Examination for Epiglottitis
Authors: Gerald A. Ahronheim
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  A feature story in the MEDICAL NEWS section (239:94, 1978), Misdiagnosis of Acute Epiglottitis Can Be Fatal, deserves further comment. Although I agree with the general thrust of the story and am pleased to see this potentially lethal problem brought to the attention of the general medical audience, one portion of the text is misleading and potentially dangerous.  In the sixth paragraph, Dr Rivers is quoted as recommending laryngoscopy (direct or indirect) to confirm the diagnosis of epiglottitis. To the inexperienced, this advice, if not further qualified, could lead to a disaster. The airway is unstable in epiglottitis; a minor stimulus such as a reflex gag can be sufficient to provoke complete airway obstruction 1,2 (229:671, 1974). Although many patients may be successfully examined by careful tongue depression and direct visualization of the epiglottis, and some may tolerate laryngoscopy (230:821, 1974), it is rarely possible to predict
DECREASED IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN HYPERTENSivE PATIENTS UNDERGOING STEMI: IS HYPERTENSION TO BE ENCOURAGED?
Authors: Eric Bader, Alexandre Benjo, Martin Tabaksblat, Amy Chorzempa, Chaithanya K. Pamidimukala, Emad Aziz, Erdal Gurzoy, Walter Pierce, Taimur Mirza, Jacqueline Tamis-Holland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Face and Neck: Aesthetic Surgery, Rehabilitative Surgery
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1972)

These proceedings have been published in two volumes, the first entitled "Aesthetic Surgery" and the second, "Rehabilitative Surgery." A host of authors, mostly Americans but with other countries also represented, have contributed brief reports on various aspects of these two subjects. Each speaker was apparently assigned a very specific topic—eg, "Surgical Treatment of Periorbital Aging" or "Dermatological Cryosurgery"—and most papers are condensed to not more than three to four pages. The dean of plastic surgeons, Gustave Aufricht, introduces volume 1 with a brief but pithy message, "The Craft of Plastic Surgery." In the book major headings include considerations of general facial rehabilitation, dermabrasion, and surgical procedures for eyelid and nose deformities, with informative headings such as "Complications" or "Helpful Hints." Each author has considered diagnosis, indications and contraindications, and occasional details of technique. Congenital deformities of the nose, lip, palate, and jaws are discussed briefly, with emphasis on the late
Tamoxifen. Use in treatment of metastatic breast cancer refractory to combination chemotherapy
Authors: Sewa S. Legha, Aman U. Buzdar, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Charles Wiseman, Robert S. Benjamin, George R. Blumenschein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Tamoxifen citrate (Nolvadex [Great Britain]; no comparable US product) is a recently developed antiestrogen with significant activity against metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. We investigated its usefulness in breast cancer patients after conventional endocrine therapy and combination chemotherapy had failed. Of the 50 evaluable patients, four (8%) achieved a complete remission, 14 (28%) achieved a partial remission, and ten showed a less than partial response or stabilization of their disease. Median duration of response was eight months, and the survival of responders was significantly prolonged compared to that of the nonresponders. Side effects of the treatment were mild. These results demonstrate that tamoxifen offers the best choice of therapy for patients with metastatic breast cancer after conventional endocrine therapy and combination chemotherapy have failed. (<i>JAMA</i>242:49-52, 1979)
Preoperative Prostate-specific Antigen Isoform p2PSA and Its Derivatives, %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index, Predict Pathologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Results from a Multicentric European Prospective Study
Authors: Nicola Fossati, Nicolò Maria Buffi, Alexander Haese, Carsten Stephan, Alessandro Larcher, Thomas McNicholas, Alexandre de la Taille, Massimo Freschi, Giovanni Lughezzani, Alberto Abrate, Vittorio Bini, Joan Palou Redorta, Markus Graefen, Giorgio Guazzoni, Massimo Lazzeri
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Lung Sequestration and Pott Disease Masquerading as Primary Lung Cancer With Bone Metastases on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Minggang Su, Qiuping Fan, Chengzhong Fan, Ye Tian, Fanglan Li, Xiaochuan Yang, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The chest x-ray from a 37-year-old man with a history of back pain showed a mass in the left lower lung, which prompted an FDG PET/CT study to evaluate the nature of the mass and possible metastases. The images revealed peripherally increased FDG activity in the left lower lung mass. In addition, there was intense FDG activity in 2 adjacent thoracic vertebrae on PET images corresponding to the regions of bone destruction on the concurrent CT. Therefore, a possible diagnosis of lung carcinoma with bone metastases was suggested. However, subsequent tests demonstrated that the left lung mass was in fact a lung sequestration, whereas the spinal lesions were due to Pott disease (tuberculous spondylitis).
Pathogenesis of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Hendrik Nogai, Bernd Dörken, Georg Lenz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

The understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) has significantly improved in recent years. Advances in molecular biology and genetics lead to the identification and characterization of several oncogenic pathways involved in lymphomagenesis. This knowledge will ultimately lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with NHL. This review summarizes current concepts of the molecular pathogenesis of the most common NHL subtypes, with a special emphasis on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the most common lymphoma subtype.
Baseline alt predicts histologic and serologic response in patients with HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B treated with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)
Authors: P. Marcellin, T.T. Chang, S.G. Lim, M. Tong, W. Sievert, M. Shiffman, L. Jeffers, Z. Goodman, S. Chen, A. Jain, C. James, J. Fry, C. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Bile duct adenoma causing recurrent cholangitis: diagnosis and management with targeted Spyglass access and radiofrequency ablation
Authors: G. Mavrogenis, P. Deprez, J. Wallon, P. Warzée
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 77-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of recurrent episodes of cholangitis. He had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) several times for biliary stone disease and for cholecystectomy, and suffered from advanced Alzheimer disease. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed dilatation of the right posterior intrahepatic duct ([Fig. 1]), with aberrant drainage directly into the common hepatic duct. However, multiple attempts to reach this segment by ERC were unsuccessful ([Fig. 2]). The Spyglass system was then used for selective opacification ([Fig. 3]) and optical viewing of the aberrant bile duct (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) [1] [2]. A reddish nodular lesion was seen obstructing the lumen ([Fig. 4]), and targeted biopsies with a 3-Fr Spybite mini-forceps (Boston Scientific) confirmed the presence of an adenoma ([Fig. 5]) [3]. The stricture was dilated with a Hurricane 8-mm, 4-cm balloon (Boston Scientific) and the stones were extracted. The Spyscope was removed and two 7-Fr plastic stents placed. Given the patient's poor mental and general status, we proposed carrying out endobiliary radiofrequency ablation of the stricture. This was done 4 weeks later with a wire-guided Habib EndoHPB (Emcision, London, UK) ([Fig. 6]) [4]. This case illustrates the potential impact of selective cholangioscopy with the Spyglass system on diagnosis and management of indeterminate biliary strictures.
Dietary modulation of DNA adduct formation of the food mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline in the male Fischer 344 rat.
Authors: H A Schut
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

In numerous in vivo systems it has been shown that diets high in menhaden oil (a fish oil high in omega-3 fatty acids) can inhibit the carcinogenic process. In the present study, we have assessed the effects of a diet containing menhaden oil on 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)-DNA adduct formation in target tissues of the male Fischer 344 rat. Young adult male Fischer 344 rats were maintained on either a) an AIN-76A diet containing 5% corn oil, b) an isocaloric AIN-76A diet modified to contain 2% corn oil and 19% menhaden oil (MO diet), or c) a regular laboratory rodent diet (chow diet) for 6 weeks prior to receiving a single oral dose of 10 or 50 mg IQ/kg. Groups of four animals were killed 1 or 6 days after IQ administration. Using 32P-postlabeling assays, IQ-DNA adducts were isolated and quantitated in the liver, small intestine, and large intestine. Adduct patterns were similar in all cases. Adduct levels, expressed as relative adduct labeling values (RAL x 10(7)), were related to dose in all three tissues, with liver levels up to 10-fold higher than the large intestine and up to 20-fold higher than the small intestine. On day one, liver adduct levels in animals on the AIN-76A diet were similar to those in animals on the chow diet, but those in animals on the MO diet were approximately 2-fold lower.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Morphine for management of refractory dyspnoea: Authors' reply
Authors: D C Currow
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—We did not include spirometry data for patients, although they are available. The only source of patients with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in this study was a specialist respiratory clinic in a tertiary hospital and the diagnosis was not reconfirmed on entry to the study. Spirometry is a diagnostic criterion for the disease, but indicators of severity of disease include degree of dyspnoea.1-3 In severe, late stage disease, with an already established diagnosis, spirometry may cause great discomfort to the patient, have questionable accuracy, and correlate poorly with the subjective sensation of dyspnoea.4

Our study was an efficacy study powered to detect a change in the subjective sensation of breathlessness. A study is currently in the final stages of planning, which is powered primarily on safety, including respiratory depression. Given our current data informing power calculations, this will be a much larger study. Ensuring non-inferiority of opioids over placebo will be the primary end point, with dose ranging and effectiveness over time assessed. We welcome Berrill and Linnane's remarks about carbon dioxide monitoring in this context.

We agree that any drug treatment needs to be introduced after careful consideration of potential adverse effects and benefits. The patient's clinical course should be carefully monitored. Unfortunately, the concerns about opioids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are not from systematic studies, nor are they using low dose sustained release morphine with its inherently lower peak concentrations.
The role of the body mass index and triglyceride levels in identifying insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant variants in Japanese non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients
Authors: Ataru Taniguchi, Mitsuo Fukushima, Masahiko Sakai, Kiyoshi Kataoka, Itaru Nagata, Kentaro Doi, Hiroaki Arakawa, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Kumpei Tokuyama, Yoshikatsu Nakai
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
EUPHORIA VS. EUTHANASIA.
Authors: None Euthanasia.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The following from the London<i>Lancet</i>(Feb. 18, 1899, p. 489) is here presented as an example of unfortunate medical timidity and of how a thing ought not to be done. <h3>To the Editors of the Lancet, Sirs:</h3> —Within a few weeks I have had under my care a case of carcinoma uteri extending to the bladder and adjacent parts. The pain accompanying the disease in its later stages was severe and only controlled by strong suppositories of morphia, and the patient's death struggle was an awful and most pitiable experience, lasting certainly three or four days. I tried liquor opii sedativus 10 minims every two hours, but only two or three doses could be swallowed. I seek in this letter information from my confrères on the treatment one should adopt in such cases—e.g., would it be justifiable to use morphia hypodermically? or to what extent would the inhalation of
Effects of Varenicline and Bupropion Sustained-Release Use Plus Intensive Smoking Cessation Counseling on Prolonged Abstinence From Smoking and on Depression, Negative Affect, and Other Symptoms of Nicotine Withdrawal
Authors: Paul M. Cinciripini, Jason D. Robinson, Maher Karam-Hage, Jennifer A. Minnix, Cho Lam, Francesco Versace, Victoria L. Brown, Jeffrey M. Engelmann, David W. Wetter
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Given the actions of varenicline tartrate and bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release (SR) on neurobiological targets related to affect and reward, it is thought that the modulation of nicotine withdrawal symptoms may contribute to their effectiveness.