tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Wise Suggestion.
Authors: James Tyson
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Philadelphia, April 6, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the vital importance of the subject others of your readers like myself would doubtless like very much to have from Dr. Halderman himself the details of the case of "Death from Antitoxin," reported by Dr. James L. Taylor in the correspondence of your issue of April 4. Respectfully,
Peginterferon Alfa-2a, Lamivudine, and the Combination for HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: George K.K. Lau, Teerha Piratvisuth, Kang Xian Luo, Patrick Marcellin, Satawat Thongsawat, Graham Cooksley, Edward Gane, Michael W. Fried, Wan Cheng Chow, Seung Woon Paik, Wen Yu Chang, Thomas Berg, Robert Flisiak, Philip McCloud, Nigel Pluck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B are suboptimal. In the search for improved therapies, we compared the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon alfa plus lamivudine, pegylated interferon alfa without lamivudine, and lamivudine alone for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B.A total of 814 patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B received either peginterferon alfa-2a (180 microg once weekly) plus oral placebo, peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine (100 mg daily), or lamivudine alone. The majority of patients in the study were Asian (87 percent). Most patients were infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype B or C. Patients were treated for 48 weeks and followed for an additional 24 weeks.After 24 weeks of follow-up, significantly more patients who received peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy or peginterferon alfa-2a plus lamivudine than those who received lamivudine monotherapy had HBeAg seroconversion (32 percent vs. 19 percent [P<0.001] and 27 percent vs. 19 percent [P=0.02], respectively) or HBV DNA levels below 100,000 copies per milliliter (32 percent vs. 22 percent [P=0.01] and 34 percent vs. 22 percent [P=0.003], respectively). Sixteen patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a (alone or in combination) had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion, as compared with 0 in the group receiving lamivudine alone (P=0.001). The most common adverse events were those known to occur with therapies based on interferon alfa. Serious adverse events occurred in 4 percent, 6 percent, and 2 percent of patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a monotherapy, combination therapy, and lamivudine monotherapy, respectively. Two patients receiving lamivudine monotherapy had irreversible liver failure after the cessation of treatment--one underwent liver transplantation, and the other died.In patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, peginterferon alfa-2a offers superior efficacy over lamivudine, on the basis of HBeAg seroconversion, HBV DNA suppression, and HBsAg seroconversion.
The increased histamine release in ischaemic heart disease patients undergoing coronaroangiography is not mediated by specific IgE
Authors: R. M. Rodriguez, J.‐L. Guéant, I. Aimone‐Gastin, P. Gérard, F. Amoghly, A. Bellou, Y. Jullière, G. Faure, N. Danchin, A. Romano
Journal: Allergy (2002)

The release of histamine by iodinated contrast media (ICM) is higher in coronary artery disease patients than in noncoronary patients during coronary angiogram.Eighty-eight patients who underwent a coronary angiography were classified either as having coronary artery disease or as noncoronary patients. Histamine concentration was higher than the 6.8 nM upper limit in 7 cases (group 1), of whom six were coronary artery disease patients. We compared the IgE and complement fractions in plasma of these patients to two control groups with normal histamine blood level, one (group 2) with and the other (group 3) without coronary artery disease.No difference of total IgE and C(3c) and C(4) complement fractions was found among the three groups. Anti-ioxaglate IgE-RIA was positive in only one patient from group 1. The affinity of drug-IgE binding in the serum of this patient was very low (Kd: 18.7 mM). The level of anti-ICM IgE detected by ioxitalamate- and iomeprol-Sepharose RIA was significantly higher in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1.The higher histamine release in ischaemic heart disease patients undergoing coronaroangiography is not mediated by IgE or complement activation. Further studies are needed to investigate the implication of histamine release factors.
Angiotensin II Vascular Receptors: Their Avidity in Relationship to Sodium Balance, the Autonomic Nervous System, and Hypertension
Authors: Hans R. Brunner, Paul Chang, Ronald Wallach, Jean E. Sealey, John H. Laragh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

During intravenous administration of varying doses of angiotensin II antibody to anesthetized rats, apparently specific vascular receptors were characterized. These receptors compete with administered antibody to bind circulating angiotensin. This competitive phenomenon was used to evaluate the affinity of these receptors for angiotensin. Apparent vascular receptor affinity was defined by the amount of antibody required to block the blood pressure response to exogenous angiotensin. It was found that this receptor affinity varies directly with sodium intake so that the amount of antibody required to block was eightfold greater in normal animals on a high sodium intake, as compared with those on a low sodium intake. Sodium dependence of receptors was also demonstrated in nephrectomized animals, in desoxycorticosterone (DOC)-treated rats, and in chronic renal hypertension. Thus the observed changes in receptor affinity were usually inversely related to measured endogenous angiotensin II levels. Ganglionic blockade increased antibody requirement eightfold. All of these changes were consistent, with no overlap observed in response of individual animals from different groups. These results may explain the variation in pressor activity of angiotensin associated with changes in salt balance and ganglionic blockade. In general, when sufficient antibody was injected to block the effect of exogenous angiotensin a blood pressure lowering effect was also observed. Two exceptions were the nephrectomized and the one-kidney renal hypertensive animals, in both of which antibody administration had no effect on blood pressure. Additional results suggest that changes in receptor affinity are involved in the pathogenesis of various types of experimental hypertensions because the amount of antibody required to block angiotensin was enhanced in renal (twofold), DOC (fourfold), and genetic (fourfold) hypertension. Accordingly, changes in the affinity of these receptors could be critically involved in normal blood pressure control and in various forms of experimental and clinical hypertension, even when circulating angiotensin II levels are normal.
Clinical Assessment of Hearing Impairment—Reply
Authors: Akshay Bagai, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Allan S. Detsky
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Designing and evaluating complex interventions to improve health care
Authors: Neil C Campbell, Elizabeth Murray, Janet Darbyshire, Jon Emery, Andrew Farmer, Frances Griffiths, Bruce Guthrie, Helen Lester, Phil Wilson, Ann Louise Kinmonth
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Determining the effectiveness of complex interventions can be difficult and time consuming. Neil C Campbell and colleagues explain the importance of ground work in getting usable results
Targeting of Antigens to Activated Dendritic Cells <i>In vivo</i> Cures Metastatic Melanoma in Mice
Authors: Karsten Mahnke, Yingjie Qian, Sabine Fondel, Juergen Brueck, Christian Becker, Alexander H. Enk
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Anti (α)-DEC-205 antibodies target to the DEC-205 receptor that mediates antigen presentation to T cells by dendritic cells. To exploit these properties for immunization purposes, we conjugated the melanoma antigen tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 to αDEC-205 antibodies and immunized mice with these conjugates together with dendritic cell–activating oligonucleotides (CpG). Upon injection of the melanoma cell line B16, αDEC-TRP immunized mice were protected against tumor growth. Even more important for clinical applications, we were able to substantially slow the growth of implanted B16 cells by injection of αDEC-TRP2 conjugates into tumor bearing hosts. Approximately 70% of the animals were cured from existing tumors by treatment with αDEC conjugates carrying two different melanoma antigens (TRP-2 and gp100). This protection was due to induction of melanoma-specific CD4 and CD8 responses. Thus, these data show that targeting of dendritic cells in situ by the means of antibody-antigen conjugates may be a novel way to induce long-lasting antitumor immunity.
Temporal trends in adults’ sports participation patterns in England between 1997 and 2006: the Health Survey for England
Authors: E Stamatakis, M Chaudhury
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

Objective: To examine temporal trends in participation in sport and exercise activities in England between 1997 and 2006 while taking into account wider societal changes. Design: A series of annual cross-sectional surveys. Setting and participants: Nationally representative samples of men (n = 27 217) and women (n = 33 721) aged ⩾16 years. Main outcome measures: Any (more than once every 4 weeks) and regular (more than once a week) participation in overall sport and exercise and a number of sport and exercise groupings (eg cycling, swimming, gym and fitness club-based activities (G/FC), racquet sports). Time point (1997/98, 2003/04, 2006) was the main dependent variable. Results: Age-standardised overall regular participation changed from 40.8% in 1997/98 to 41.2% in 2006 for men (multivariable-adjusted participation OR = 1.11 in 2006, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19, p&lt;0.001) and from 31.2% to 33.9% for women (1.21, 1.13 to 1.29, p&lt;0.001). Regular G/FC increased from 17.0% to 19.2% for men (1.19, 1.09 to 1.30) and from 15.9% to 18.7% for women (1.23, 1.14 to 1.33) and regular running increased from 2.4% to 4.0% for women only (1.84, 1.56 to 2.18). Overall increases were apparent only in older adults (⩾45 years) (1.25, 1.16 to 1.35, p&lt;0.001). Young men (16–29 years) had reduced ORs for cycling (0.72, 0.58 to 0.88, p = 0.008), dancing (0.60, 0.45 to 0.82, p = 0.001), running (0.78, 0.64 to 0.94, p&lt;0.001) and racquet sports (0.60, 0.42 to 0.86, p = 0.003). In men, increases were pronounced only among men from non-manual social classes, higher income households and white ethnic backgrounds. Conclusions: Sports and exercise participation in England has changed between 1997 and 2006 as the result of increases among middle-aged and older adults and decreases among young men. There are no signs that the participation gap between less and more advantaged population groups is narrowing.
Fundamentals of Surgical Simulation: Principles and Practices
Authors: Dana K. Andersen
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hugh de Wardener
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A pioneer of chronic dialysis



Like many of his generation, Hugh de Wardener was reticent about the war. His colleagues only found out details of his experience when he spoke at a conference for veterans of the war in the Far East, facilitated by one of his former trainees, Air Commodore David Rainford.

De Wardener had just completed his medical training when war broke out and, after joining the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1941, was posted to Singapore, which fell to the Japanese just weeks after his arrival.

He was sent to Roberts Hospital at the Changi prisoner of war camp, where he was in charge of the dysentery wing. The disease was rife, and in 1942 the wing saw 12 000 cases. De Wardener, demonstrating the intellectual curiosity he retained throughout his life, questioned why some patients died and others, in the same physical shape, survived. He recognised that the symptoms among those who died—double vision, rapid eye movements, and confusion—were typical of Wernicke’s encephalopathy, a condition seen in alcoholics as a result of vitamin B1 …
The Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS)
Authors: David O. Wilson, Joel L. Weissfeld, Carl R. Fuhrman, Stephen N. Fisher, Paula Balogh, Rodney J. Landreneau, James D. Luketich, Jill M. Siegfried
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

The role of computed tomography (CT) screening for lung cancer is controversial, currently under study, and not yet fully elucidated.To report findings from initial and 1-year repeat screening low-radiation-dose CT of the chest and 3-year outcomes for 50- to 79-year-old current and ex-smokers in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS).Notified of findings on screening CT, subjects received diagnostic advice from both study and personal physicians. Tracking subjects for up to three years since initial screening, we obtained medical records to document diagnostic procedures, lung cancer diagnoses, and deaths.3,642 and 3,423 subjects had initial and repeat screening. A total of 1,477 (40.6% of 3,624) were told about noncalcified lung nodules on the initial screening and, before repeat screening, 821 (55.6% of 1,477, 22.5% of 3,642) obtained one or more subsequent diagnostic imaging studies (CT, positron emission tomography [PET], or PET-CT). Tracking identified 80 subjects with lung cancer, including 53 subjects with tumor seen at initial screening. In all, 36 subjects (1.0% of the 3,642 screened), referred for abnormalities on either the initial or repeat screening, had a major thoracic surgical procedure (thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery [VATS], median sternotomy, or mediastinoscopy) leading to a noncancer final diagnosis. Out of 82 subjects with thoracotomy or VATS to exclude malignancy in a lung nodule, 28 (34.1%) received a noncancer final diagnosis. Forty of 69 (58%) subjects with non-small cell lung cancer had stage I disease at diagnosis.Though leading to the discovery of early stage lung cancer, CT screening also led to many diagnostic follow-up procedures, including major thoracic surgical procedures with noncancer outcomes.
Computed Tomography of the Head before a Lumbar Puncture in Suspected Meningitis — Is It Helpful?
Authors: Neal H. Steigbigel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Meningitis remains a formidable foe because it often progresses rapidly and causes substantial morbidity and mortality.13 The rational management of meningitis has generally included a lumbar puncture to substantiate the diagnosis and help identify the cause. In rare cases, however, this maneuver is followed by cerebral herniation, which is sometimes fatal.46 Lumbar puncture generally results in a small, transient decrease in cerebrospinal fluid pressure throughout the subarachnoid space as a result of both the removal of fluid and the continued leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the opening made in the arachnoid membrane.4 In the presence of a space-occupying . . .
Occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in a wool worker caused by Dermestidae spp.
Authors: F. Feo Brito, P. Mur, D. Barber, M. Lombardero, P. A. Galindo, E. Gómez, J. Borja
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: The family Dermestidae belongs to the order Coleoptera. Occupational allergy has been described in museum personnel. A 31‐year‐old male wool worker presenting rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma episodes probably linked to exposure to Dermestidae‐infected wool was investigated. Methods: Extracts prepared either from insect bodies or from dust from parasitized wool were used for skin prick testing (SPT), conjunctival and bronchial provocation tests and in vitro determinations. Results: SPT and provocation tests were positive to both extracts. PEFR measurement demonstrated the association between the patient's symptoms and occupational exposure to Dermestidae . Specific IgE to both extracts was detected and immunoblotting revealed several protein bands from 5 to 200 kDa that were reactive to IgE from the patient's serum. Conclusions: Dermestidae exposure in wool workers when handling parasitized wool can be a cause of IgE‐mediated rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma.
The Clinical and Pathological Picture of Acute Fatty Metamorphosis of the Liver in Pregnancy.
Authors: Robert L. Peters
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964The Clinical and Pathological Picture of Acute Fatty Metamorphosis of the Liver in Pregnancy.Robert L. Peters, M.D., Hugh A. Edmondson, M.D., Constantine T. Kunelis, M.D.Robert L. Peters, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Hugh A. Edmondson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Constantine T. Kunelis, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-803_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSimilarities between fatty liver of pregnancy and the fatty liver produced in pregnant women who have received intravenously administered tetracycline have been noted. We have studied 16 patients with fatty liver of pregnancy. Twelve had received large amounts of intravenous tetracycline for pyelonephritis 4 to 5 days before they developed symptoms of fatty liver of pregnancy. The findings were similar in the pregnant patients who had received tetracycline and those who had not. In both groups there were pathologic changes of organ systems other than the liver. The clinical course in both the pregnant and nonpregnant patients was characterized by... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert L. Peters, M.D.; Hugh A. Edmondson, M.D.; Constantine T. Kunelis, M.D.Affiliations: Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 803-804KeywordsFatty liverLiverPregnancyPyelonephritisTetracyclines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGISTS AND CARDIAC SURGEONS: CONCORDANCE REGARDING ANATOMIC ELIGIBILITY FOR HYBRID CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION IN &gt; 6,500 PATIENTS
Authors: Joseph J. DeRose, Henry Liberman, William Matthai, Wilson Szeto, Michael Parides, Vankeepuram Srinivas, Johannes Bonatti, Jessica Overbey, Mark Vesely, Francis Sutter, Paula Williams, Timothy Shapiro, Juan Crestanello, Konstantinos Boudoulas, Peter Smith, Thomas Gehrig, Gorav Ailawadi, Michael Davidson, David Zhao, Michael Argenziano, Mathew Williams, John Puskas, Michael Halkos, Deborah Ascheim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Measurement of Subjective Responses: Quantitative Effects of Drugs
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1962)

From time to time an investigator who has made a great investment of time and effort, with a large equity in a particular field of endeavor, summarizes his extensive and well-digested experience in a monograph which becomes established as the standard reference volume in the field. Most physicians who have worked hard in their training can name a few, perhaps as many as a dozen, volumes which have provided a major experience in their education. While different physicians might differ in their choice, inevitably a few would occur on nearly every list. This book deals mainly with pain, the symptom which is central to the whole art and science of medicine. It has been the object of Dr. Beecher's researches for more than 2 decades. This book summarizes his own continuing interest and work in the field, outlines some of the steps by which his conceptions have changed and developed,
A Note on the Occurrence of Malta Fever in India
Authors: A. E. Wright, F. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1897)

?idering the matter is to suppose the man or animal as form ing the axis about which the hands of the clock are rotating, the head of either being in relation to the face of the clock. In this case man can be considered in the position natural to him?the erect?and animals in that natural to them?the all-fours?without any ambiguity as to the direction meant if  or anticlockwise be the terms used to in dicate it. Concluding Remarks. Of all the methods of describing rotation which have been considered in this paper, the simplest appears to me to be that of describing rotation in relation to a screw ; for all that is necessary to avoid confusion in this instance is to state that a right-handed male screw is under consideration. This being clear, the direction of rotation either resembles a screw entering or coming out of an object. The next in order of simplicity seems to be the method by which the direction is denoted by the terms  clockwise and *' anticlockwise. Simple as the method is, however, it be comes useless unless the relation of the object to the face of the clock is clearly defined. This precaution possibly ought not to be necessary, as the correct relation should be under stood ; but I feel sure that the relation is not generally understood, therefore it would be well to always make this point clear in describing rotation according to this method. There seems little to choose among the other methods of describing rotation, for in order to understand what is meant, they all require that the exact relation of the object to the observer should be clearly defined, and that it should be dis tinctly stated whether the direction of rotation is being described as it occurs in relation to the upper or lower quad rants of the circle described in the  all-fours  position, or in relation to the posterior or anterior quadrants of the circle described when the object happens to be in the erect posture. Note. * In the case of the clock right and left refer to the observer's right and left when he is looking at the face of the timepiece.