tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF BLADDER TUMOURS BY RADON
Authors: F. Kidd
Journal: BMJ (1930)

MTHRBJoTsE 949.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IMRIA ORgi 4 glaud1-Ss remnoved.Our own positioa m1ay be summarized as follows.1.If nio glands are palpable, obseirvation at monthly inter vals.2. If glands are palpable an(d remoivable, block dissection, eittler combinied with implantation of radium or followedl by external distance irradiation.3. If the glands are fixed, implantation of a large number of needles, thirty to forty, after tlhorough exposure of the neck.THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT.TI'lhere are very few figures available for the results of treatmienit by andium alone.Bei veni of Stockholm ptublished in 1q28 the results in 22 lpatients, of whom 13 were alive five Years later (59 per cenit.).Thlese, lhowever, were " operable " cases, and radiulmi was niot the only factor concerned.His practice is to use diathermy, either for excision or coagulation, and to supplement this with the implantationi of radium for twenty-four hours.I do not think that these results should he included or compar ed witlh those obtained bv radium a1ilone.Any surgeon of experience will recognize that it is impossible to deal adequatelv by diatherm-iiy with any growth of the tongue which involves extlensively the middle or posterior third.We all recognize that surgery can achieve good results with early growtths of the anterior third of the tongue, but having seen what radium can accomiiplish at all stages of the disease by the techniquie first advocated by Regaud, witlh n-o multilationi and a comiiplete restoration of function, we feel that it has estab- lislhed itself as the metlhod of choice in the first instance.Regaud's last published results were assessed in Decem- her, 1927, anid I lhave abstracted and summarized them in the following table.1922.
Physical Activity, Obesity, Height, and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Dominique S. Michaud, Edward Giovannucci, Walter C. Willett, Graham A. Colditz, Meir J. Stampfer, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Diabetes mellitus and elevated postload plasma glucose levels have been associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in previous studies. By virtue of their influence on insulin resistance, obesity and physical inactivity may increase risk of pancreatic cancer.To examine obesity, height, and physical activity in relation to pancreatic cancer risk.Two US cohort studies conducted by mailed questionnaire, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (initiated in 1986) and the Nurses' Health Study (initiated in 1976), with 10 to 20 years of follow-up.A total of 46 648 men aged 40 to 75 years and 117 041 women aged 30 to 55 years who were free of prior cancer at baseline and had complete data on height and weight.Relative risk of pancreatic cancer, analyzed by self-reported body mass index (BMI), height, and level of physical activity.During follow-up, we documented 350 incident pancreatic cancer cases. Individuals with a BMI of at least 30 kg/m(2) had an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer compared with those with a BMI of less than 23 kg/m(2) (multivariable relative risk [RR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.48). Height was associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk (multivariable RR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.52 for the highest vs lowest categories). An inverse relation was observed for moderate activity (multivariable RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.70 for the highest vs lowest categories; P for trend <.001). Total physical activity was not associated with risk among individuals with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m(2) but was inversely associated with risk among individuals with a BMI of at least 25 kg/m(2) (pooled multivariable RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.94 for the top vs bottom tertiles of total physical activity; P for trend =.04).In 2 prospective cohort studies, obesity significantly increased the risk of pancreatic cancer. Physical activity appears to decrease the risk of pancreatic cancer, especially among those who are overweight.
A simplified valve formula for the calculation of stenotic cardiac valve areas.
Authors: A H Hakki, A S Iskandrian, C E Bemis, D Kimbiris, G S Mintz, B L Segal, C Brice
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We have simplified the Gorlin formula and have compared our measurements of the aortic or mitral valve area, using the original Gorlin formula and the simplified valve formula in 100 consecutive patients. The valve area was measured by the simplified formula as cardiac output (l/min) divided by the square root of pressure differences across the valve. In patients with aortic stenosis of varying severity there were excellent correlation between the original Gorlin formula and the simplified formula (r = 0.96, y = 0.99x + 0.01, SEE = +/- 0.10, p less than 0.001). The correlation was unchanged when the peak gradient was used instead of the mean gradient in the simplified formula. Excellent correlation was also seen in patients with mitral stenosis of varying severity (r = 0.94, y = 0.97x - 0.02, SEE = +/- 0.19; p less than 0.001). The simplicity of the formula makes it easy to memorize and use.
Hormonal responses to cardiac tamponade: inhibition of release of atrial natriuretic factor despite elevation of atrial pressures.
Authors: G B Mancini, M J McGillem, E R Bates, A B Weder, S F DeBoe, R J Grekin
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Atrial distension, rather than change in intra-atrial pressure, has been suggested as a principal mediator of release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). During cardiac tamponade, atrial pressures rise whereas transmural pressures and atrial stretch may not be affected. The roles of atrial pressure and atrial distension were investigated in six open-chest dogs subjected to cardiac tamponade and rapid volume expansion as disparate means of affecting intra-atrial pressures and atrial stretch. Hemodynamic measurements, immunoreactive ANF (ir-ANF), plasma renin activity, antidiuretic hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine were monitored before, during, and after three interventions: (1) tamponade, (2) rapid volume loading followed by tamponade, and (3) volume loading during tamponade. Volume expansion increased right atrial pressure and caused a significant rise in ir-ANF. Elevations of right atrial pressure caused by tamponade were comparable to those induced by volume infusion, but an increase in ir-ANF was not elicited during tamponade, and the ir-ANF response to volume loading was abolished when performed during tamponade. The relation between the change in ANF concentration and change in right atrial pressure were highly significant in the absence of tamponade, when atrial stretch was freely responsive to volume expansion (r = .73, p less than .0001), but not when stretch was inhibited (r = -.16, p = NS). These observations underscore the importance of considering the modulating effects of atrial compliance, transmural pressure, and atrial stretch on the relation between atrial pressures and ANF release.
Sucking wound of the knee: not gas gangrene.
Authors: M Saleh, S R Bollen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A Cre not fully understood,3 and the present method of monitoring the drug is not always satisfactory2; hence concentrations in the bloo-A may not accurately reflect tissue concentrations, particularly in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain.This aspect of cyclosporin A usage needs further in- vestigation.Nevertheless, the epileptic fits were associated with predose cyclosporin A blood values above the recommended range.We suggest that if epileptic fits occur in patients receiving cyclosporin A after renal transplantation the drug should not be stopped but the blood concentrations brought within the recommended range and the fits controlled with anticonvulsants. 1
CD4+ and CD56+ acute monoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tetsuzo Tauchi, Kazuma Ohyashiki, Junko H. Ohyashiki, Yoshikazu Kawanishi, Yukihiko Kimura, Midori Saito, Shinpei Nakazawa, Yoshikazu Kawai, Keisuke Toyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

We report here a patient with acute monoblastic leukemia whose leukemia cells had CD4 (T4) and CD56 (NKH-1) antigens, in addition to CD36 (OKM5) antigen. The leukemia cells did not have NK or ADCC activities. They showed no rearrangements of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain and T cell receptor (TCR)-beta chain genes, indicating that the leukemia cells were nonlymphoid. The presence of this case suggests that leukemia cells could be originated from monocytes with NK-associated antigen without IgH or TCR rearrangements.
Mechanism of the testicular toxicity of boric acid in rats: in vivo and in vitro studies.
Authors: W W Ku, R E Chapin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

High-dose boric acid (BA) exposure produces testicular lesions in adult rats characterized by inhibited spermiation (IS) that may progress to atrophy. In vivo and in vitro studies addressed possible mechanisms. In vivo, boron tissue disposition was examined, since no detailed data existed, and relevant boron concentrations for in vitro studies needed to be set. Since BA induces riboflavinuria and also affects calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, and testis zinc appears essential for normal testis function, we examined BA effects on flavin status and testis levels of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn). Data showed that the testicular toxicity and central nervous system (CNS) hormonal effect were not due to selective boron accumulation in testis or brain/hypothalamus, with testis boron concentrations at approximately 1 to 2 mM; that riboflavin deficiency is not involved, due to both the absence of overt signs of deficiency and effects on tissue flavin content during BA exposure; and that changes in testis P, Ca and Zn levels did not precede atrophy, and are therefore unlikely to be mechanistically relevant. In vitro studies addressed the hallmarks of the BA testicular toxicity: the mild hormone effect, the initial IS, and atrophy. No effect of BA on the steroidogenic function of isolated Leydig cells was observed, supporting the contention of a CNS-mediated rather than a direct hormone effect. Since increased testicular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) produces IS, and a role for the serine proteases plasminogen activators (PAs) in spermiation has been proposed, we examined in vitro BA effects on both Sertoli cell cAMP accumulation and PA activity, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 5203: Schlafen-3 decreases cancer stem cell marker expression and autocrine/ juxtacrine signaling in FOLFOX-resistant colon cancer cells
Authors: Phil-Sun Oh, Vaishali B. Patel, Matthew A. Sanders, Shailender S. Kanwar, Yingjie Yu, Jyoti Nautiyal, Bhaumik B. Patel, Adhip P. N. Majumdar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that expression of the novel gene schlafen (Slfn)-3 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell differentiation. The current investigation was undertaken to examine whether Slfn-3 plays a role in regulating differentiation of FOLFOX-resistant (5-Fluorouracil + oxaliplatin) colon cancer cells that are highly enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Transfection of Slfn-3 in FOLFOX-resistant colon cancer HCT-116 and HT-29 cells resulted in reduction of mRNA and protein levels of the CSC markers CD44, CD133, CD166, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1). This was accompanied by decreased formation of tumorosphere/colonosphere (an in vitro model of tumor growth) in stem cell medium and inhibition of expression of the chemotherapeutic drug transporter protein ABCG2. Additionally, Slfn-3 transfection of FOLFOX-resistant HCT-116 and HT-29 cells reduced Hoechst 33342 dye exclusion. Finally, Slfn-3 transfection inhibited the expression of transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) in both FOLFOX-resistant cell lines but stimulated apoptosis. In summary, our data demonstrate that Slfn-3 expression inhibits multiple characteristics of CSCs enriched FOLFOX-resistant colon cancer cells including reduction in tumorosphere/colonosphere formation, drug transporter activity and autocrine stimulation of proliferation. Thus, Slfn-3 expression may render colon CSCs more susceptible to cancer chemotherapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5203. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5203
A Phase II Trial of Salirasib in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinomas with KRAS Mutations
Authors: Gregory J. Riely, Melissa L. Johnson, Chanoa Medina, Naiyer A. Rizvi, Vincent A. Miller, Mark G. Kris, M. Catherine Pietanza, Christopher G. Azzoli, Lee M. Krug, William Pao, Michelle S. Ginsberg
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Managing chronic pain in children and adolescents: Effective responses are possible with non-evidence based clinical practice
Authors: P. Dutton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Eccleston and Malleson highlighted the embarrassing lack of data on managing chronic pain in children but also the apparent ignorance and confusion surrounding the topic.1 Families, I agree, can be unnecessarily offended by labels such as psychosomatic, wrongly perceiving this to mean all in the mind if labels are misapplied, …
Temporal Arteritis in General Practice
Authors: A. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1959)

GONADAL DYSGENESIS BUTSE 12?1 .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIAO RAplace.In addition she had bilateral wasting of the deltoid muscles and winged scapulae, attributed to acquired muscular dystrophy.She also suffered from severe kyphoscoliosis, the cause of which is uncertain: there was no evidence of osteoporosis or definite history of poliomyelitis.We are indebted to Dr. E. Sanders, of Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia, for referring this patient to one of us (A.W.
Immunologic Aspects of Renal Disease
Authors: Philip Freedman, John H. Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DiscussionFrom the studies of different investigators it now seems clear that glomerulonephritis may be induced immunologically in the laboratory animal by three different mechanisms: by the introduction of an antiwhole-kidney, antiglomerulus or antiglomerular-basement-membrane serum; by the intravenous injection of foreign protein; and by the injection of bacteria or their products.Ortega and Mellors122 have confirmed that nephrotoxic globulin is deposited on the glomerular basement membrane after intravenous injection and that during the next six to nine days there is deposition of the recipient animals' own globulin in the areas corresponding to those where nephrotoxic globulin had previously been concentrated. . . .
Surgery for aortic stenosis in elderly patients. A study of surgical risk and predictive factors.
Authors: Y Logeais, T Langanay, R Roussin, A Leguerrier, C Rioux, J Chaperon, C de Place, P Mabo, J C Pony, J C Daubert
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Aortic stenosis is the most common valvular lesion occurring among elderly patients and has become extremely frequent because of changing demographics in industrialized countries. Surgical risk after the age of 70 has increased. The increasing older age of patients having surgery justifies an analysis of mortality predictive factors.Between 1976 and February 1993, we performed 2871 operations for aortic stenosis. This study concerns 675 patients (278 men and 397 women) who were > or = 75 years old. Mean age was 78.5 +/- 3 years. Associated lesions were found in 226 patients. A bioprosthesis was implanted in 632 patients (93.6%). Concomitant surgical procedures were performed in 133 patients. Surgical mortality was 12.4% (84 deaths). A longitudinal analysis has been carried out over four successive time periods to evaluate population evolution during these 17 years. Statistical analysis was performed on 46 variables. Multivariate analysis found age (P < .0001), left ventricular failure (P < .0001), lack of sinus rhythm (P < .01), and emergency status (P < .02) to be presurgical independent predictive factors of mortality.Risk-reducing strategy should both favor relatively early surgery to avoid cardiac failure and emergency situations and pay careful attention to the use of myocardial protection and cardiopulmonary bypass. Indications for surgery should remain broad since analysis failed to determine specific high-risk groups to be eliminated, and surgery remains the only treatment for aortic stenosis.
Influence of Gastric Acidity on the Bioavailability of Digoxin
Authors: Adam F. Cohen, Ria Kroon, Rik Schoemaker, Hans Hoogkamer, Anja van Vliet
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To study how changes in gastric acidity induced by omeprazole and pentagastrin affect the absorption of unchanged digoxin and its hydrolytic breakdown products. Design: Double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, crossover study. Setting: Academic department of clinical pharmacology. Subjects: Six healthy male volunteers. Interventions: Subjects received digoxin, 1 mg orally, on three separate occasions: first, after pretreatment with omeprazole; second, after pretreatment with pentagastrin; and third, after "pretreatment" with placebo. Measurements: The in-vitro decomposition of digoxin was studied using a standard dissolution test. The urinary excretion of digoxin over a 120-hour period was measured using selective high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a polarization enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Plasma concentrations were measured at 2 hours with the EIA. Main Results: Digoxin was rapidly released from the tablets in the in-vitro test. At acid pH, decomposition (as measured with HPLC) was rapid. Pentagastrin reduced the urinary excretion of unchanged digoxin, as measured by HPLC, from 34% to 21.4% of the dose (difference, - 12.6%; 95% Cl, - 23.5 to - 1.8; P < 0.05), whereas omeprazole increased urinary excretion to 47.4% (difference, 13.4%; 95 Cl, 2.5% to 24.4%; P < 0.05). However, such differences were not found with the nonselective polarization EIA. < Conclusions: Our data suggest that gastric acidity causes the breakdown of digoxin to products that cross-react in the assay (EIA) that is commonly used clinically. In patients with reduced gastric acidity, increased plasma concentrations of unchanged digoxin may not be detected because of limitations of the EIA, which may invalidate the quantitative use of the plasma digoxin concentration as a predictor of digoxin toxicity. Omeprazole, and presumably other gastric-acid inhibitors, may increase the bioavailability of unchanged digoxin.
Impaired Left Ventricular Stroke Volume Reserve During Clinical Dobutamine Stress Predicts Future Episodes of Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Charaslak Charoenpanichkit, William C. Little, Sangeeta Mandapaka, Erica Dall'Armellina, Timothy M. Morgan, Craig A. Hamilton, W. Gregory Hundley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Coexisting Thyroid Disease and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two years ago we had a patient with Graves' disease and coexisting myasthenia gravis who showed development of life-threatening respiratory crisis. This case stimulated our interest, and for the first time, we carefully examined all of our patients with thyroid disease specifically to exclude the possibility of myasthenia gravis. Although we had two known cases of myasthenia gravis in the first 16 years of clinical thyroid practice, we have "discovered" 18 cases in the past two years that were previously missed by us or other physicians. The age range for this group was 28 to 54 years. Fourteen patients were women and four were men. The sex ratio was not different from that observed in our thyroid practice population.<sup>1</sup>Thirteen patients had coexisting Graves' disease, and five had Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Interestingly, the occurrence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is probably more frequent in our thyroid practice than Graves' disease.
OncoCis: annotation of cis-regulatory mutations in cancer
Authors: Dilmi Perera, Diego Chacon, Julie AI Thoms, Rebecca C Poulos, Adam Shlien, Dominik Beck, Peter J Campbell, John E Pimanda, Jason WH Wong
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Whole genome sequencing has enabled the identification of thousands of somatic mutations within non-coding genomic regions of individual cancer samples. However, identification of mutations that potentially alter gene regulation remains a major challenge. Here we present OncoCis, a new method that enables identification of potential cis-regulatory mutations using cell type-specific genome and epigenome-wide datasets along with matching gene expression data. We demonstrate that the use of cell type-specific information and gene expression can significantly reduce the number of candidate cis-regulatory mutations compared with existing tools designed for the annotation of cis-regulatory SNPs. The OncoCis webserver is freely accessible at https://powcs.med.unsw.edu.au/OncoCis/ .
Detection of Group B Streptococcal Infection-Reply
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Jelsema is correct in stating that 2 strategies are presented by the CDC for the prevention of early onset GBS disease, one that includes culturing for the organism, and the other that addresses treatment based on maternal risk. However, as indicated by its title, the FDA article dealt only with matters regarding the detection of the GBS organism, either by an antigen test or by culturing the organism. The agency's goal with this FDA Safety Alert was to educate those who may use the GBS antigen tests to the limitations of the tests. The alert was not written as a general discussion on the prevention of early onset GBS disease.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and protein expression in adult feline myocardium after endotoxin administration.
Authors: S Kapadia, J Lee, G Torre-Amione, H H Birdsall, T S Ma, D L Mann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

TNF alpha mRNA and protein biosynthesis were examined in the adult feline heart after stimulation with endotoxin. When freshly isolated hearts were stimulated with endotoxin in vitro, de novo TNF alpha mRNA expression occurred within 30 min, and TNF alpha protein production was detected within 60-75 min; however, TNF alpha mRNA and protein production were not detected in diluent-treated hearts. Immunohistochemical studies localized TNF alpha to endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cardiac myocytes in the endotoxin-treated hearts, whereas TNF alpha immunostaining was absent in the diluent-treated hearts. To determine whether the cardiac myocyte was a source for TNF alpha production, two studies were performed. First, in situ hybridization studies, using highly specific biotinylated probes, demonstrated TNF alpha mRNA in cardiac myocytes from endotoxin-stimulated hearts; in contrast, TNF alpha mRNA was not expressed in myocytes from diluent-treated hearts. Second, TNF alpha protein production was observed when cultured cardiac myocytes were stimulated with endotoxin, whereas TNF alpha protein production was not detected in the diluent-treated cells. The functional significance of the intramyocardial production of TNF alpha was determined by examining cell motion in isolated cardiac myocytes treated with superfusates from endotoxin- and diluent-stimulated hearts. These studies showed that cell motion was depressed in myocytes treated with superfusates from the endotoxin-treated hearts, but was normal with the superfusates from the diluent-treated hearts; moreover, the negative inotropic effects of the superfusates from the endotoxin-treated hearts could be abrogated completely by pretreatment with an anti-TNF alpha antibody. Finally, endotoxin stimulation was also shown to result in the intramyocardial production of TNF alpha mRNA and protein in vivo. Thus, this study shows for the first time that the adult mammalian myocardium synthesizes biologically active TNF alpha.