tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe muscle cramp due to acute hypomagnesaemia in haemodialysis.
Authors: D. R. Triger, A. M. Joekes
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BRITISHtwo had obstruction of the popliteal vein or above and one had minor calf thrombosis.This latter one was missed on ultrasonic examination.TABLE I.-Comparison of Ultrasonic and X-ray or Isotopic Studies in 19 Legs with Clinical Deep-vein Thrombosis.The Two Legs Which Were Normal on Ultrasonic Examination had Very Minor Calf Thrombosis on Venography Ultrasonic X-ray or Dopplergram Isotope Examination Positive .. .. 8 10 Negative .. .. 11 9TABLE II.-Comparison of Results of Ultrasonic and X-ray or Isotopic Studies in 19 Clinically Normal Legs.The One Patient Not Diagnosed by Ultrasound had Minor Calf Thrombosis on Venography Ultrasonic X-ray or Dopplergram Isotope Examination Positive .. ..
Scrotal Pneumocele Complicating Induction of Artificial Pneumothorax
Authors: R. A. Redd
Journal: BMJ (1954)

NEW TABLET TEST FOR BILIRUBIN BPJTISH 213 and 0.15 mg. per 100 ml.The Fouchet method was only slightly less sensitive, usually detecting concentrations be- tween 0.15 and 0.20 mg. per 100 ml.The iodine method was always less sensitive than the other tests, and usually over 1 mg.per 100 ml. was needed for a positive result.The sensitivity did not alter with the cause of the bilirubinuria, whether due to obstruction of the bile passages, to infective hepatitis, or -to portal or biliary cirrhosis.These results agree well with those of Sobotka and his co-workers (1953), who found that the lowest concentration of urinary bilirubin giving a colour varied from 0.04 to TABLE I.-Comparison of the Test Results with the Quantitative Analysis of Urinary Bilirubin Undiluted Lowest concentration of bilirubin Urine (mg./100 ml.). in diluted urine Diagnosis Bilirubin giving positive test (mg./looml.)Tablet
Three consequences of believing that information lies in global arrays and that perceptual systems use this information
Authors: John B. Pittenger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Stoffregen & Bardy provide grounds to suppose that specification requires global arrays and that this information is used by perceptual systems. Three conclusions follow from this supposition; (1) global specification will be taken seriously only if additional examples are discovered; (2) research into single-sense information must take global information into account, and (3) ecological psychologists must account for perceptions based upon non-specific information.
Instinctive sleeping and resting postures: an anthropological and zoological approach to treatment of low back and joint pain
Authors: M. Tetley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

If you are a medical professional and have been trained in a “civilised” country you probably know next to nothing about the primate Homo sapiens and how they survive in the wild. You probably do not know that nature has provided an automatic manipulator to correct most spinal and peripheral joint lesions in primates. In common with millions of other so called civilised people you suffer unnecessarily from musculoskeletal problems and are discouraged about how to treat the exponential rise in low back pain throughout the developed world. Humans are one of 200 species of primates.1 All primates suffer from musculoskeletal problems; nature, recognising this fact, has given primates a way to correct them.

The study of animals in the wild has been a lifelong pursuit. I grew up with tribal people and in 1953-4 commanded a platoon of African soldiers from nine tribes, who taught me to sleep on my side without a pillow so that I could listen out for danger with both ears. I have organised over 14 expeditions all over the world to meet native peoples and study their sleeping and resting postures. They all adopted similar postures and exhibited few musculoskeletal problems. I must emphasise that this is not a comparison of genes or races but of lifestyles. I tried to carry out surveys to collect evidence but they were meaningless, as tribespeople give you the answer they think you want. They often object to having their photographs …
COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIBODIES TO TYPE 2 (LANSING) POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN A NORMAL POPULATION OF A SUBTROPICAL AREA
Authors: Natan Goldblum, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Sera collected in 1950 from the native population in the vicinity of Cairo, Egypt, have been tested for complement-fixing antibodies to Type 2 (Lansing) poliomyelitis virus. Complement-fixing antibodies are confined to the age of 1 to 9 years if a serum dilution of 1:4 is used in the test, or to the age of 1 to 4 years with a serum dilution of 1:16. A comparison has been made of the findings obtained in this study with the results for neutralizing antibodies previously reported. Complement-fixing antibodies were found to be temporary in nature while neutralizing antibodies were maintained for long periods of time. On this basis, criteria for "recent," "old," or "no infection" in poliomyelitis have been established. Sixteen of the children were bled again in 1952, 18 months after the first bleeding and both series of sera were compared in complement fixation and neutralization tests. All children who were negative in 1950 and who developed c-f antibodies by 1952, also developed neutralizing antibodies to a titer of more than 1:250 during the same period. Some children who failed to develop c-f antibodies, did develop neutralizing antibodies although of lower titer than found in children in whom c-f antibodies made their appearance. These findings are discussed in the light of theories regarding the mode of acquisition of antibodies to poliomyelitis virus.
The Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Pathway
Authors: Meenali M. Chitnis, John S.P. Yuen, Andrew S. Protheroe, Michael Pollak, Valentine M. Macaulay
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Research conducted over the past two decades has shown the importance of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to existing forms of cancer therapy. The IGF1R itself has only recently been accepted as a credible treatment target, however, perhaps reflecting the potential problems for drug design posed by normal tissue IGF1R expression, and close homology with the insulin receptor. Currently approximately 12 anti-IGF1R therapeutics are undergoing clinical evaluation, including blocking antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review will summarize the principal signaling pathways activated by IGF1R and the preclinical data that validated this receptor as a treatment target. We will review clinical progress in the testing of IGF1R inhibitory drug candidates, the relative benefits and potential toxicities of coinhibition of the insulin receptor, and the rationale for combining IGF1R blockade with other cancer treatments. An understanding of IGF1R signaling is important because it will guide the incorporation of appropriate molecular markers into clinical trial design. This will be key to the identification of patients most likely to benefit, and so will influence the ability of IGF1R inhibition to make the transition from experimental intervention to clinical therapy.
ON LOCAL ANESTHESIA PRODUCED BY INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTIONS.
Authors: None CHOLEWA
Journal: JAMA (1894)

[The following paper was sent to me by the writer, my old friend, the well-known aurist of Berlin, Germany, with the request that I look it over and have it published here. He was induced to write the essay, not only because he found the method described of great value in the practice of his own specialty, but out of gratitude to Dr. Schleich (the originator of it), who performed an operation upon him that under ordinary circumstances would have required a general anesthetic. This otherwise very painful surgical procedure was carried out with perfect comfort to the patient, by employing the local "infiltration-anesthesia" method, which he describes.—CASEY A. WOOD.] In the winter of 1891, a young surgeon gave a discourse on infiltration-anesthesia before the Berlin Medical Society which excited great interest. That is saying a great deal, since this Society, the greatest and most famous in Germany, consists mostly
Prevalence and Clinical Outcome of Hepatitis C Infection in Children Who Underwent Cardiac Surgery before the Implementation of Blood-Donor Screening
Authors: Manfred Vogt, Thomas Lang, Gert Frösner, Christiane Klingler, Anna F. Sendl, Anita Zeller, Baldur Wiebecke, Barbara Langer, Hans Meisner, John Hess
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

There are few data on the prevalence and clinical outcome of hepatitis C infection in children. We studied 458 children who underwent cardiac surgery in Munich, Germany, before 1991, when blood-donor screening for hepatitis C was introduced in Germany. Their mean age at first operation was 2.8 years; none of the children had received blood transfusions before or after cardiac surgery, and none of their mothers had antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). We compared these patients with 458 control subjects matched for age and sex.
Acid hydrolases in blister fluid.
Authors: GUNNAR VOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Acid phosphatase has been characterized and quantified in human suction blister fluid, interstitial fluid and serum. The acid phosphatases of suction blister fluid and serum showed differences in their pH activity curves, Michaelis-Menton constants, heat stabilities and sensitivities to inhibition by tartrate and fluoride. The behaviour of the interstitial fluid enzyme was intermediate between these two. The levels of activity in blister fluid and serum were very similar, both being more than twice that of interstitial fluid. These results suggest that the acid phosphatase activity in suction blister fluid is derived largely from the overlying epidermis rather than from serum.
Transcriptional activation of hTERT through the NF-κB pathway in HTLV-I–transformed cells
Authors: Uma Sinha-Datta, Izumi Horikawa, Eriko Michishita, Abhik Datta, Janitzia C. Sigler-Nicot, Megan Brown, Mirdad Kazanji, J. Carl Barrett, Christophe Nicot
Journal: Blood (2004)
Vertiginous Temporal Lobe Seizures Stimulated by Functional Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Robert E. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE TRANSITORY LOWERING of blood sugar caused by functional hyperinsulinism can act as a metabolic trigger for an epileptic seizure, even if the potential for such a seizure is only latent. The patient described in this paper represents such an instance. In this case the seizures were limited to vertigo.1  Most vertiginous seizures have their origin in the temporal lobe. Penfield and Kristiansen2found that eight of nine patients whose seizures began with vertigo had lesions of the posterior temporal gyrus. Electrical stimulation of these lesions reproduced the vertigo of the seizure aura. When an abnormal neuronal discharge was limited to this area, the seizure was limited to vertigo.  It is known that hypoglycemic convulsions can be caused by administered insulin, pancreatic adenoma and postgastrectomy hypoglycemia. Functional hyperinsulinism has not been shown to cause convulsions. This is apparently due to the fact that the hypoglycemia is less severe
HOSPITAL COSTS IN HARD TIMES
Authors: E. M. Bluestone
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The popularity of the hospital, especially the voluntary hospital, with all classes of the community, is a sociological phenomenon characteristic of our own generation. Time was when people who were sick remained at home with their families and were content to be treated in a modest way, both financially and scientifically, by the practitioner and an occasional consultant, unless they were suffering from a condition which required the highly technical facilities of a hospital. In those days a woman would frown on the suggestion of her physician to go to a hospital for the purpose of having her baby, and he would find considerable difficulty in convincing her that it was for her good rather than for his convenience. One would expect that with the increase in the number of patients congregated in wards of large hospitals there would be a corresponding reduction in the expenditure for
In Vivo Monitoring With a Fiber Optic Catheter
Authors: Jack B. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Fiber optic techniques lend themselves to continuous physiologic monitoring of an array of hemodynamic and other key variables in the critically ill. The factor limiting clinical application has been the rapid clot formation at the sensing tip. By developing a side-viewing fiber optic probe, clotting was prevented during prolonged periods of intravascular monitoring. The catheter has been adapted to monitor multiple physiologic changes, including cardiac output, oxygen saturation, dye clearance, intravascular pressure, and heart rhythm. The procedure has been well tolerated and has required but a minimum of bedside instrumentation. These preliminary studies were conducted in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Human immunodeficiency virus infections in teenagers. Seroprevalence among applicants for US military service. The Walter Reed Retrovirus Research Group
Authors: D. S. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Between October 15, 1985, and March 31, 1989, serum specimens from 1 141 164 teenaged youths (aged less than 20 years) who applied for entry into the US military were tested for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. Overall, 393 teenaged applicants were found to be seropositive (prevalence, 0.34 per 1000). Prevalences varied markedly in different geographic locales: less than 0.1 per 1000 throughout the north-central states, compared with greater than 2 per 1000 in urban counties in Maryland, Texas, New York, and the District of Columbia. Overall, rates among teenaged males (345/991 445; prevalence, 0.35 per 1000) and teenaged females (48/150 013; prevalence, 0.32 per 1000) were comparable. The prevalence among black teenaged applicants (1.06 per 1000) was greater than that among white (0.18 per 1000) or Hispanic (0.31 per 1000) teenaged applicants. Infections with the human immunodeficiency virus are not rare among teenaged Americans.
Childhood Cancers' Improved Survival Rates Can Exact a Price in Late Effects of Therapy
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

EVERY SOLUTION generates its own set of problems. Dramatic improvements in survival rates for childhood cancers have come with a price: a host of so-called late effects of therapy. With increasingly sophisticated therapeutic protocols, oncologists are finding ways to lessen the chances of these effects. Meanwhile, they say that practitioners can play an important role in reducing the impact of at least some of these sequelae. Delayed consequences of cancer therapy can affect nearly any organ system, often in subtle ways, so that patients may "report new complaints which may not be perceived to be related to their cancer," Robert L. Baehner, MD, said at an American Academy of Pediatrics meeting in San Francisco. Baehner is chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. <h3>Range of Effects</h3> The effects range from growth hormone deficiency, scoliosis, and dental abnormalities to IQ deficits, gynecomastia, cardiac, reproductive, renal,
ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase, CD246)-specific CARs: new immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of pediatric solid tumors
Authors: Rimas J Orentas, Paola Lopomo, William Babbitt, Marc Vigny, Crystal L Mackall
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The identification of unique cell-surface proteins expressed on tumor cells, yet not expressed on normal tissues, has been challenging for pediatric malignancies. The cell surface tyrosine kinase ALK (CD246, anaplastic lymphoma kinase) is a promising target for neuroblastoma in
The Decline in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Rates
Authors: LEE GOLDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Using reasonable assumptions gathered from the published literature, we estimated that more than half of the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality between 1968 and 1976 was related to changes in lifestyle, specifically to reductions in serum cholesterol levels and cigarette smoking. In comparison, about 40% of the decline can be directly attributed to specific medical interventions, with coronary care units and the medical treatment of clinical ischemic heart disease and hypertension being the leading estimated contributors. Because many of these interventions have not yet been applied to their maximum potential, a continued decline in mortality rates might be anticipated in the coming decades. However, the relative costs of these medical interventions and lifestyle changes and the extent to which they interact with each other must be considered before an optimal national health strategy can be derived.
Humeral Fractures Through Unicameral Bone Cysts
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>Presentation of Case 1</h3> Dr. F. W. Bora, Jr.: This 6-year-old boy fell out of bed one night injuring his left arm. Physical examination revealed swelling and tenderness over the middle third of the left arm. Motion could be elicited at the midshaft of the left humerus. No motor or sensory deficit was noted in the left upper extremity. X-ray examination revealed a fracture through a radiolucent area in the midshaft of the left humerus (Fig. 1). He had never injured his left upper extremity before and had never experienced any other fractures. Skeletal survey was negative. <h3>Treatment</h3> The decision to curette and graft this lesion was reached because this patient, as a boy, would want to participate in strenuous exercises through his growing years. It was felt that packing the defect with bone grafts would give him the best chance of having a reliable upper extremity. The cyst was
Evaluation of Albumin Excretion Rate in Overnight Versus 24-h Urine
Authors: Letizia Tomaselli, Vincenzo Trischitta, Carmela Vinci, Lucia Frittitta, Sebastiano Squatrito, Riccardo Vigneri
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This study was performed to assess whether the albumin excretion rate (AER) measured in overnight urine (N-AER) and 24-h urine (24-h AER) gives comparable results. For this reason we evaluated N-AER and 24-h AER on the same day from 35 control subjects, 57 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 63 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). AER values obtained from the two urine collection procedures were significantly different (P less than .01), with 24-h AER approximately 30% higher than N-AER. Moreover, when the same cutoff value (20 micrograms/min) was used to define the normal range, 21% of IDDM patients and 6.3% of NIDDM patients had on the same day normal N-AER and abnormal (greater than 20 micrograms/min) 24-h AER. Although N-AER values were significantly correlated to 24-h AER values (r = 0.67, P less than .001), it was not possible to assess an N-AER value able to predict a 24-h AER value greater than 20 micrograms/min. In conclusion, N-AER and 24-h AER cannot be used as an equivalent method to establish AER.
Acceptance of Fenoterol Powder for Inhalation in Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Viggo Graff‐Lonnevig
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Eighteen children with perennial bronchial asthma, aged 10.3 years, were studied with respect to their attitude to inhalation of fenoterol, a beta 2-agonist, in powder form. Treatment with fenoterol powder was performed for 3 months and questionnaires were answered after 1 and 3 months. Almost all children showed a positive attitude towards handling capsules and inhaler. Inhaling powder was well accepted and the effect of the powder on asthma symptoms was regarded as good. Although the positive attitude to continue with powder inhalations declined somewhat at the end of the observation period, this type of therapy seemed to be well accepted by children.
Corrigendum to: “Sexual Function after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP): Results of an Independent Prospective Multicentre Assessment of Outcome” [Eur Urol 2007;52:510–6]
Authors: Michael Muntener, Sonja Aellig, Rolf Kuettel, Christoph Gehrlach, Tullio Sulser, Raeto T. Strebel
Journal: European Urology (2007)
1100. Site-Specific Transposon Integration
Authors: Joseph M. Kaminski, Maragatha Vally, Todd Tenenholz, James B. Summers, Craig J. Coates
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Purpose/Objective: We are developing a novel platform technology that utilizes a chimeric transposase to direct integration into specific sites in the host DNA. Thus, this technology minimizes non-specific integration that may result in insertional mutagenesis which can induce cancer and may disrupt genes that affect the fitness of the organism unrelated to cancer.
Quantitative Evaluation of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Control of Iris Function
Authors: Michael A Pfeifer, Daniel Cook, Joel Brodsky, David Tice, Daniel Parrish, A Reenan, Jeffrey B Halter, Daniel Porte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The use of quantitative measurements of pupil size as an index of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in normal and diabetic subjects is described. The dual innervation of the iris by the parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous system was demonstrated by measurement of steadystate pupil size before and after changes in ANS activity by pharmacologic agents. In the presence of total PNS blockade, dark-adapted pupil size was a reliable index of SNS activity to the iris. Latency time (time from light stimulation to initial pupil response) appeared to be a good index of PNS activity. However, increased SNS activity may also prolong the latency time. Thus, consideration of SNS activity is necessary when evaluating the latency time. In 25 diabetic subjects, there was evidence of impaired SNS activity (smaller dark-adapted pupil size during total PNS blockade) and PNS activity (prolonged latency time). In a subgroup of diabetic subjects without clinical manifestations of autonomic neuropathy and normal subjects, both dark-adapted pupil size during PNS blockade (SNS index) and latency time (PNS index) were abnormal. The coefficient of variation for these two indices was less than 5% in glycemic stable diabetic subjects. Thus, these two indices are reliable and sensitive measures of the SNS and PNS activity to the iris in normal and diabetic subjects.