tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P40 Systematic review of the repeatability, reproducibility, sensitivity and comparability of key exercise capacity tests used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: I Fotheringham, G Meakin, Y Punekar, J Riley, S Cockle, S Singh
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Various exercise tests are used as endpoints to evaluate the functional status of patients with COPD. While individual studies have compared different tests, a systematic assessment of this data has not been performed. We therefore aimed to review the repeatability (variation in tests performed on the same day), reproducibility (variation in tests performed on different days), sensitivity and comparability between and within exercise tests in adult patients with COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review of Embase, MEDLINE<sup>®</sup> and the Cochrane Library identified primary manuscripts in English reporting relevant data on the following exercise tests: six- and twelve-minute walk tests (6MWTs and 12MWTs), incremental and endurance shuttle walk tests (ISWTs and ESWTs), treadmill test (TT), and incremental and endurance cycle ergometer tests (ICETs and ECETs). Comparability within exercise tests was assessed by examining studies that compared different protocols of the same test type. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 90 relevant studies (Figure 1). The majority of studies exploring repeatability and/or reproducibility examined the 6MWT, 12MWT and ISWT; no studies examined repeatability in treadmill and cycle tests. Only four studies reported the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); two examined repeatability and reproducibility of the 6MWT (ICCs = 0.94 and 0.88, respectively), and a further two reported reproducibility of the ECET and endurance TT (ICCs = 0.85 and 0.84, respectively). These data indicate good repeatability/reproducibility, but other studies contradict these findings. Prior familiarisation consistently improved repeatability and reproducibility of tests. Most relevant studies reported that exercise tests were sensitive to interventions, but the magnitude of response varied between test types and depended on the intervention and outcome assessed. Protocol variations, such as in track layout or supplemental oxygen use, affected performance in the majority of studies identified. Studies with pair-wise comparisons between walk tests, cycle tests, and walk and cycle tests reported inconsistent comparability between test types. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This review found varied repeatability, reproducibility and sensitivity of exercise tests often resulting from inconsistencies in protocol administration (e.g. variations in protocols used, outcomes analysed, or protocol familiarisation). Such within- and between-test variations make comparisons difficult, even between studies ostensibly reporting the same test.
Histoplasma Meningitis: A Study of 5 Adult Patients.
Authors: B. Tynes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Histoplasma Meningitis: A Study of 5 Adult Patients.B. Tynes, M.D., J. P. Utz, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. C. Crutcher, M.D. (Associate)B. Tynes, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. P. Utz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. C. Crutcher, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-737_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMeningitis as a manifestation of histoplasmosis has been rarely reported. In this study 5 cases are presented to define the laboratory, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of the disease.Histoplasma capsulatumwas isolated in culture from the cerebrospinal fluid of 4 patients and from the sputum of the fifth. All patients had lymphocytic meningitis with elevated protein (100 to 655 mg/100 ml), 4 had elevated spinal fluid pressure, but only 2 had depressed glucose values. Chronicity was a striking clinical manifestation with duration of illness prior to diagnosis varying from 2 months to 7 years. The spectrum of neurologic illness varied... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 737-737KeywordsCerebrospinal fluidClinical laboratoriesGlucoseHistoplasma capsulatumHistoplasmosisMeningitisProteinsResearch laboratoriesSputum Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Letter: More abortions?
Authors: M Simms
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The number of abortions performed on British residents has remained virtually unchanged since 1972. Increases recorded have been confined to patients coming from countries in Europe. Recent abortion law reforms in France and Germany will predictably reduce this number. 1974 showed a 17 percent increase over 1973 in women from Ireland. Changing the Abortion Act to keep out patients from overseas has been advocated by a member of Parliament but the legality of such a change is doubtful.
Immediate Reaction to Penicillin
Authors: Michael J. Fellner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Generalized urticaria occurred in a patient immediately after he had ingested penicillin tablets. Immunologic studies indicate that the reaction was probably mediated by penicilloyl-specific, skin-sensitizing antibodies. The circumstances accounting for this reaction are most likely the combined presence of penicilloyl-specific, skin-sensitizing antibodies of high avidity and low titers of blocking antibodies of the same specificity.
Cysteine Activation in Cultured Cystinotic Cells THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF CYSTEINYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE AND tRNACys AND THE DETERMINATION OF THE MICHAELISMENTEN CONSTANTS FOR CYSTEINYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE
Authors: John R. Waterson, William P. Winter, Roy D. Schmickel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

This study explored the possibility whether an altered cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase might lead to the faulty regulation of cyst(e)ine levels in cystinotic cells. This hypotheses is attractive, since amino acid activation is important in the regulation of amino acid metabolism in microorganisms. By using cultured fibroblasts from patients with cystinosis, those cell components responsible for cysteine activation were examined: cyst(e)ine, the cysteinyl-tRNA levels, cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase activity, and the Km of cysteine, ATP, and tRNACys for cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase, Fibroblasts from two patients with the infantile form of cystinosis were labeled for three days with [35S]-cystine. In comparison with normal cells, these cells contained high levels of free cysteine and cystine. Labeled fibroblasts from a patient with the adolescent form of the disease contained elevated levels of cystine, although elevated cysteine levels were not detected. The ratio of acceptor activity of tRNACys to tRNALeu in cystinotic cells was 0.46 in cystinotic cells and 0.54 in normal cells. The specific activity of cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase measured in fibroblasts of two infantile and one adolescent form was: 6.1, 2.2, and 2.1 pmol of [14C]aminoacyl-tRNA formed/μg protein/10 min, respectively. In addition, the cysteine Km's for the same cells, respectively, were: 3.1 μM, 1.5 μM, and 1.2 μM. The corresponding data for specific activities of two normal cell lines were 2.0 and 5.1 pmol [14C]aminoacyl tRNA formed/μg protein/10 min, with Km's of 3.0 μM and 1.7 μM. These data indicate that cystinotic cells contain levels of tRNACys and Cys-tRNA synthetase comparable to normal cells. In addition, within the cystinotic cells, the relative level of the Cys-tRNA synthetase and tRNACys to those of leucine and alanine are comparable to normal cells. Finally, the Km of Cys-tRNA synthetase for ATP and tRNA is similar in normal and cystinotic cells.
Status of Amantadine in Control of Influenza
Authors: Jeremiah G. Tilles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Immunization has so far proved to be of limited effectiveness in controlling the ravages of influenza. The vaccines available give a much weaker immune response than natural infection and when most successful are rarely associated with more than 60 per cent protection. After the primary inoculations, an annual booster dose is recommended to maintain immunity, which unfortunately is only strain specific. Since the virus has the uncanny ability to appear periodically with new antigenic characteristics, the world's populations are subjected to epidemics with attack rates as high as 80 per cent. The Division of Biologics Standards, National Institutes of Health, . . .
Expression and function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in human melanocytes
Authors: H.Y. Kang, E. Chung, M. Lee, Y. Cho, W.H. Kang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors that heterodimerize with the retinoic X receptor. Agonists of PPAR have been known to play an important role in cellular responses including proliferation and differentiation. The expression and function of PPARs have not been investigated in human melanocytes, although they have been widely demonstrated in keratinocytes of the skin. Objectives To investigate the expression of PPARs in human melanocytes and the effects of PPAR activators on melanocyte growth and melanogenesis. Methods We used immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis to determine whether PPARs are expressed in melanocytes. To investigate further expression of PPAR subtypes, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed using PPAR subtype-specific oligonucleotides. The cell proliferation was measured using the Coulter counter. The effects on pigmentation were investigated with measurement of melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and its expression. Results The mRNA of all three PPAR subtypes, PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ, were expressed in melanocytes. Activators for PPAR-α (WY-14643) and PPAR-γ (ciglitazone) inhibited proliferation of melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas bezafibrate, a preferential activator for PPAR-β/δ, had no effect. This growth inhibition was accompanied by the morphological change of the melanocytes to an activated form with an increased number of dendrites and enlarged cell area compared with the control. The WY-14643 and ciglitazone also appeared to stimulate the melanin synthesis of melanocytes. This increase in pigmentation was due to stimulation of the tyrosinase activity without an increase in the expression of tyrosinase. Conclusions PPARs are expressed in human melanocytes and PPAR-α and PPAR-γ activators inhibit melanocyte growth and stimulate melanogenesis.
The connecting tubule is the main site of the furosemide-induced urinary acidification by the vacuolar H+-ATPase
Authors: J. Kovacikova, C. Winter, D. Loffing-Cueni, J. Loffing, K.E. Finberg, R.P. Lifton, E. Hummler, B. Rossier, C.A. Wagner
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Patterned Three‐Dimensional Encapsulation of Embryonic Stem Cells using Dielectrophoresis and Stereolithography
Authors: Piyush Bajaj, Daniel Marchwiany, Carlos Duarte, Rashid Bashir
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Controlling the assembly of cells in three dimensions is very important for engineering functional tissues, drug screening, probing cell‐cell/cell‐matrix interactions, and studying the emergent behavior of cellular systems. Although the current methods of cell encapsulation in hydrogels can distribute them in three dimensions, these methods typically lack spatial control of multi‐cellular organization and do not allow for the possibility of cell‐cell contacts as seen for the native tissue. Here, we report the integration of dielectrophoresis (DEP) with stereolithography (SL) apparatus for the spatial patterning of cells on custom made gold micro‐electrodes. Afterwards, they are encapsulated in poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels of different stiffnesses. This technique can mimic the in vivo microscale tissue architecture, where the cells have a high degree of three dimensional (3D) spatial control. As a proof of concept, we show the patterning and encapsulation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblasts. mESCs show high viability in both the DEP (91.79% ± 1.4%) and the no DEP (94.27% ± 0.5%) hydrogel samples. Furthermore, we also show the patterning of mouse embryoid bodies (mEBs) and C2C12 spheroids in the hydrogels, and verify their viability. This robust and flexible in vitro platform can enable various applications in stem cell differentiation and tissue engineering by mimicking elements of the native 3D in vivo cellular micro‐environment.
Treatment of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy: presentation
Authors: Nicola Harker, Alan Montgomery, Tom Fahey
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Ms Reynolds, a 25 year old woman, primiparous with one miscarriage, presented to her general practitioner when eight weeks pregnant complaining of nausea and vomiting. These symptoms were associated with a feeling of light headedness. Ms Reynolds had no relevant medical history and had not suffered from nausea and vomiting in her two previous pregnancies. Initially she was treated with prochlorperazine, which she took for five days, but this did not relieve her symptoms. …
Further Perspectives on Concierge Medicine
Authors: Robert P. Fields
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters17 August 2010Further Perspectives on Concierge MedicineRobert P. Fields, MDRobert P. Fields, MDFrom Olney, MD 20832.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a general internist who worked in a “regular” group practice for 15 years and in an independently designed retainer practice since 2003, I feel both qualified and compelled to respond to Stillman's essay (1).I do not collect or accept money from any insurance company or from the government. This simple decision removes ethical or contractual concerns about “double-dipping,” eliminates the immense complexities and headaches of billing, and greatly reduces paperwork. In exchange for surrendering that insurance money, I am freed of the rules and restrictions of the insurance companies, which simplifies my life immeasurably.By ...Reference1. Stillman M. Concierge medicine: a “regular” physician's perspective. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:391-2. [PMID: 20231570] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Olney, MD 20832.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoConcierge Medicine: A “Regular” Physician's Perspective Michael Stillman Further Perspectives on Concierge Medicine Christine Harter Further Perspectives on Concierge Medicine James Bowers Further Perspectives on Concierge Medicine Harry M. Walen Further Perspectives on Concierge Medicine Marcy Zwelling-Aamot Further Perspectives on Concierge Medicine Robert A. Swerlick Metrics 17 August 2010Volume 153, Issue 4Page: 274KeywordsConflicts of interestEmergency departmentForecasting ePublished: 17 August 2010 Issue Published: 17 August 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Adductor Canal Outlet Syndrome
Authors: Malur R. Balaji
Journal: JAMA (1981)

On rare occasions, jogging, skiing, and other athletic activities can cause thrombosis of the superficial femoral artery at the outlet of Hunter's canal. We report three cases in which mechanical trauma of the femoral artery in Hunter's canal resulted in intimal tear and a segmentally localized thrombosis. It was confirmed by anatomic dissection that the intrinsic mechanical trauma occurred at the point where the femoral artery crosses the adductor magnus tendon. This tendon has been previously implicated as a cause of atherosclerotic stenosis and thrombosis. An awareness of its possible relationship to acute intimal injury and thrombosis may result in saving limbs that would otherwise be lost.
A new recurrent translocation t(11;14)(q24;q32) involving IGH@ and miR-125b-1 in B-cell progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: E Chapiro, L J Russell, S Struski, H Cavé, I Radford-Weiss, V D Valle, J Lachenaud, P Brousset, O A Bernard, C J Harrison, F Nguyen-Khac
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Effects of Group Psychosocial Intervention on Coronary Risk Factors
Authors: Dimitris N. Mitsibounas, Evie D. Tsouna-Hadjis, Vassilis R. Rotas, Dimitris A. Sideris
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a psychosocial intervention approach aimed at resolving psychological conflicts could reduce the severity of risk factors for post-acute myocardial infarction patients. Twenty-three patients with a recent myocardial infarction participated in a group psychosocial intervention program which lasted 1 year. Twenty other patients with recent myocardial infarction served as controls. Patients form both groups had regular clinical and laboratory follow-up as well as medication. Mean values for seven risk factors of coronary heart disease (smoking, S; body weight, W; serum cholesterol, C; triglycerides, T; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, SBP, DBP; serum uric acid, U) were compared between the two groups in the 1 st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months of the follow-up. The maximal mean improvements of the study versus the control group were as follows: W: ––2.82 vs. – 1.05 kg; C: ––56.04 vs. ––6.25 mg/dl·T: ––20.61 vs. ––2.4 mg/dl; U: ––0.57 vs. ––0.9 mg/dl; S at 1 year ––55.5 vs. ––10%. It is concluded that group psychosocial intervention with post-acute myocardial infarction patients considerably reduces some coronary-disease risk factors.
COMPARATIVE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHITE, STANDARD, AND WHOLE-MEAL BREAD
Authors: L. Hill, M. Flack
Journal: BMJ (1911)

It will suffice to quote here in tabular form the six experiments that gave positive results: Trypano-Flea put F1ea somes first Multiplica-Condition of on Rt. eco-rerd.Seen in tion Period Flea when on Rat,.Recovered.Blood of Ended.
Pharmaceutical donations to eastern Europe
Authors: C. J Derrett, D. R White, T. Eden, J. Dickerson, C. Green
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—We are concerned that some hospitals and general practitioners in eastern Europe may be receiving unhelpful and potentially hazardous donations of drugs from western European aid organisations. We are particularly interested in the situation in Romania, where we have worked.

The public health service in Romania is chronically short of drugs. Although modern drugs are now available in Romania, many of them are too expensive for most people, who still have very low incomes. Thus, understandably, many western European charities have been asked for and have provided donations of medicines. Unfortunately, in many cases donations of drugs are unsolicited and medical advice is not sought. The …
Abstract 5154: Targeting the histone demethylase KDM4 subfamily as a potential therapeutic strategy in breast cancer
Authors: Andreana Holowatyj, Qin Ye, Lihong Zhang, Jack Wu, Zeng-Quan Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epigenetic alterations, including histone modifications, play fundamental roles in breast cancer initiation and progression. We originally identified and cloned the GASC1 (gene amplified in squamous cell carcinoma 1, also known as KDM4C) gene from an amplified region at 9p24 in esophageal cancer cells; and recently demonstrated that KDM4C/GASC1 is amplified and over-expressed in breast cancer, particularly in the aggressive basal subtype. The KDM4C/GASC1 protein belongs to the KDM4 family of histone demethylases, and although KDM4 family members have a high degree of homology, they may play different roles in various types of breast cancer. The goal of this study is to analyze genomic anomalies and expression levels of KDM4 demethylases in breast cancer, and elucidate the fundamental role and mechanism of their dysregulation in promoting breast tumorigenesis. We conducted a large-scale meta-analysis of KDM4 demethylase expression across multiple available gene expression studies in breast cancer. Next, we examined KDM4 expression in a panel of non-tumorigenic and cancerous breast epithelial cell lines using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot assays. We also assessed global methylation (H3K4, H3K9, H3K27 and H3K36) levels by Western blot in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Finally, we tested a novel KDM4 inhibitor in breast cancer. We found that the KDM4 members show different expression patterns in subtypes of breast cancer. GASC1/KDM4C expression is high in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, basal type breast cancers. In contrast, KDM4B expression is significantly higher in ER-positive luminal-type breast cancers. Expression levels of homologs KDM4A and D are not significantly different between ER-+/- breast cancers. Our findings suggest that H3 global methylation levels vary among different breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of KDM4 with a novel small molecule inhibitor increased H3K9 methylation levels and slowed KDM4-overexpressed breast cancer cell growth in vitro. In summary, our data indicate that the KDM4 histone demethylase family may contribute to the dysregulation of histone methylation status differently in breast cancer subtypes. Moreover, breast cancer cell lines with defined histone methylation levels will provide a useful model for investigating biological and functional roles of KDM4 histone demethylases, and for developing novel anticancer epi-drugs in breast cancer. Citation Format: Andreana Holowatyj, Qin Ye, Lihong Zhang, Jack Wu, Zeng-Quan Yang. Targeting the histone demethylase KDM4 subfamily as a potential therapeutic strategy in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5154. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5154
Setting global health research priorities: Investments for health research for developing countries must be increased
Authors: M. A. Rab
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Labonte and Spiegel in their article have highlighted the need for recognising priorities in health research, the commitments by the rich G8 group, and the emerging new programmes for the control and prevention of disease.1 Clearly, these have strong influences and impacts on global health. It is however, of …
TOXICITY OF ARSENIC AS USED IN TREATMENT OF ASTHMA
Authors: Louis Pelner
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Oct. 11, 1952, are two articles that mention the dangers of the treatment of asthma with inorganic arsenicals (Unger and Unger, page 562, and Silver and Wainman, page 584). In both articles mention is made of a case report inThe Journalby Pascher and Wolf (March 1, 1952, page 734). All three of these articles fail to take notice of a communication by us in the<i>New York State Journal of Medicine</i>for Nov. 1, 1951, in which a case is described, a review of the literature is given, and the possible method of action of arsenic in chronic asthma is postulated. Another patient showing arsenic poisoning involving the liver, skin, and peripheral nerves has come under our care, and a patient treated by one of our colleagues had similar toxic effects. We have also heard of a case in which toxic encephalopathy