tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appendiceal intussusception due to a fecalith mimicking a submucosal tumor
Authors: C. Lee, S.-H. Lee, J.-Y. Park, T. Lee, I.-K . Chung, S.-H. Park, H.-S. Kim, S.-J. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 44-year-old man underwent a colonoscopic examination for a health evaluation. He had no subjective symptoms. A colonoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion 2.0 cm in diameter at the site of the appendiceal orifice. This lesion had pink-colored, normal-appearing mucosa with a smooth surface and a 2-mm central dimple ([Fig. 1]). When pushed by a biopsy forceps, the lesion was found to have a hard consistency and could be partially reduced into the appendiceal base. On the basis of the colonoscopic finding, a presumptive diagnosis of a submucosal tumor arising from the appendix was made. An abdominal CT scan showed the presence of mixed-attenuation material with a high-attenuation component in the lumen of the appendiceal base ([Fig. 2]). Endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass with focal calcification and acoustic shadowing within the partially invaginated appendiceal wall ([Fig. 3]). We planned an endoscopic resection of the lesion for a histopathological diagnosis. Initially, the tumor base was ligated with an Endoloop (Olympus Optical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). After incision of the overlying mucosa with a fixed flexible knife, a 1.5-cm-sized, relatively hard, earthy-yellow-colored body of impacted material was expelled from the lesion ([Fig. 4 a, b]). A histopathological examination confirmed the material as a fecalith. After endoscopic removal of a fecalith, the invaginated appendiceal base (intussusceptum) was clearly identified in the cecum (intussuscipiens) ([Fig. 4 c]).
Quality of Life of Long-Term Survivors of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Linda Sarna, Geraldine Padilla, Carmack Holmes, Donald Tashkin, Mary Lynn Brecht, Lorraine Evangelista
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To describe the quality of life (QOL) among survivors of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-two 5-year minimum self-reported disease-free survivors of NSCLC completed QOL instruments (QOL-Survivor and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form [SF-36]) and assessments of emotional distress (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]), comorbid disease, and tobacco use. Pulmonary function was assessed with a hand-held spirometer. Multivariate regression methods were used on total QOL-Survivor scores and physical (PC) and mental (MC) component scores of the SF-36. RESULTS: The majority (71%) of survivors described themselves as hopeful, and 50% viewed the cancer experience as contributing to positive life changes (QOL-Survivor). Comorbidity was common (60% ≥ one condition); 22% had distressed mood (CES-D ≥ 16). Most were former smokers (76%); 13% continued to smoke. Half had moderate/severe pulmonary distress (forced expired volume in 1 second [FEV 1 ] &lt; 70% of predicted). Regression models including the set of variables (age, sex, living alone, education, smoking status, pulmonary function category, distressed mood, time since diagnosis, and comorbidity) accounted for 37%, 48%, and 29% in the QOL-total, MC, and PC scores, respectively. Primary predictors of lower QOL scores were white ethnicity and distressed mood (CES-D ≥ 16) (34% of the variance explained). The primary predictor of lower MC scores was distressed mood (R 2 = 0.45). Lower PC scores were associated with older age, living alone, FEV 1 less than 70% of predicted, distressed mood, time since diagnosis, and more comorbid diseases (R 2 = 0.28). CONCLUSION: These findings provide the first description of the QOL of long-term survivors of lung cancer. Risk factors for poorer QOL are strongly linked to distressed mood, which is a potential target for intervention.
Evidence for microRNA-mediated regulation in rheumatic diseases
Authors: X Luo, L M Tsai, N Shen, D Yu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

MicroRNA (miRNA), a group of short non-coding RNA of approximately 20–22 nucleotides modulating the stability and translational efficiency of target messenger RNA, present an important new layer controlling gene expression. Hundreds to a thousand miRNA have been identified and are predicted to regulate at least one-third of protein-coding transcripts in the mammalian genome. This study reviews the recent advances reinforcing the awareness that miRNA are key players in rheumatic diseases by regulating major pathogenic molecules, such as tumour necrosis factor, central signal pathways, such as type I interferon pathway and critical immunoregulatory cells, such as regulatory T cells. In animals, blockade of miRNA maturation by the deletion of Dicer or Drasha, interference with miRNA function by the mutation of Roquin and the altered expression of individual miRNA (miR-146a) or miRNA cluster (miR-17–92) all lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Growing evidence also reveals the differential expression of certain immunity-regulating miRNA in rheumatoid patients. The features of miRNA-mediated regulation, the direction of future miRNA study in rheumatic diseases and the application of miRNA in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis will also be briefly discussed.
Influence of propranolol, enalaprilat, verapamil, and caffeine on adenosine A2A-receptor–mediated coronary vasodilation
Authors: Laurent M Riou, Mirta Ruiz, Jayson M Rieger, Timothy L Macdonald, Denny D Watson, Joel Linden, George A Beller, David K Glover
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Hepatic uptake of polystyrene microspheres in rats: Effect of particle size on intrahepatic distribution
Authors: Ken-ichi Ogawara, Minoru Yoshida, Kazutaka Higaki, None Toshikiro Kimura, Keiko Shiraishi, Makiya Nishikawa, Yoshinobu Takakura, Mitsuru Hashida
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1999)
New ad campaign seeks to raise doubts about US health reform
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A conservative advocacy group has launched an advertising campaign seeking to raise doubts about the Affordable Care Act as the health reform law moves towards full implementation in 2014.

The campaign, which is sponsored by Americans for Prosperity, warns consumers that if the law is implemented it will probably raise health insurance premiums while limiting consumer choice and access to care. The group is a major backer of conservative causes including opposition to the health reform law.

“Americans have serious questions about the negative impact of ObamaCare,” said Tim …
Consultant based service in obstetrics and neonatal paediatrics
Authors: A F Pentecost
Journal: BMJ (1990)

increased intraepithelial lymphocytes.Entero- pathy due to cows' milk sensitivity has been associated with post-enteritis syndrome-that is, chronic diarrhoea after infection.Most cases in our study resolved spontaneously despite the children continuing with a normal diet, and three children given a milk free diet showed no obvious benefit.Thus in immunocompetent children crvptosporidium seems to be an important cause of chronic, as well as acute, diarrhoea.It is associated with enteropathy of the small intestine and with severe failure to thrive, which add to the urgent need for effective treatment.
Experts disagree about usefulness of hospital mortality data
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Do hospital mortality ratios give patients meaningful data about their treatment centre, or are they over-simplistic and misleading? This question was the subject of a heated debate at the Risky Business conference on 11 September between Nick Black, professor of health services research at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and Roger Taylor, director of research and public affairs at the health analytics company Dr Foster.

Taylor, a cofounder of Dr Foster, defended hospital standardised mortality ratios (HSMRs) as being “incredibly useful …
Remedy for all the inconveniences of life
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Poverty was widespread, unemployment rising, and ill health spiralling out of control. But in the face of overwhelming odds and establishment opposition, one man came up with a visionary idea: free medical care for all in need. The time was early 17th century France; the pioneer was a physician named Theophraste Renaudot.⇑

Born in Loudun to Protestant parents, Renaudot (1586-1653) gained his medical degree at Montpellier in 1606. As a physician he was well placed to grow rich by dosing wealthy clients with the customary toxic potions and purges. But Renaudot disdained Galenic theory in favour of the new chemical medicines and supplemented his university education by studying the …
Usefulness of intradermal test and patch test in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to metamizol
Authors: E. Macías, A. Ruiz, E. Moreno, E. Laffond, I. Dávila, F. Lorente
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Metamizole is a pyrazolone derivative, and its most common reactions are IgE‐mediated reaction and idiosyncratic reactions. Non‐immediate reactions are poorly described and there are very few reports on non‐immediate reactions to pyrazolones. Materials and methods: We evaluated 12 patients (nine men) who consulted for a non‐immediate reaction after metamizol administration. We performed cutaneous tests (skin prick tests and immediate and delayed intradermal tests) and epicutaneous tests, and, if necessary, an oral challenge test. Results: All skin prick and intradermal tests, if necessary, were negative in immediate reading. Delayed intradermal tests were positive in six of 10 patients (60%) and epicutaneous tests were positive in four of 11 patients (36%). Three cases (25%), were diagnosed by a positive oral challenge test. Discussion: Delayed‐reading intradermal tests and patch tests are useful tools in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to pyrazolones and should be considered the first step when evaluating these type of reactions. Intradermal test appears to be more sensitive than patch test. The positivity of skin tests suggests an immunological reaction, probably mediated by T lymphocytes, but further studies are required.
THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER WITHOUT ALCOHOL.
Authors: W. H. RILEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The purpose of the present paper is to give, briefly, an outline of the method of treatment of typhoid fever as used by the writer in a considerable number of cases. A consideration of the pathology of this disease does not properly come under this head, but we wish simply to call attention to the well-known fact that typhoid fever is a germ disease. The germ which causes this fever has been generally supposed to be the bacillus of Eberth. More recent bacteriologic studies rather indicate that the bacillus coli may also cause the disease. These germs are usually carried into the body in food or drink, and lodging in the small intestines begin to grow and multiply, and by their life produce poisonous ptomaines which are absorbed and carried by the circulation to all the organs and tissues of the body. It is these ptomaines thus carried to all
Congestive heart failure induces downregulation of P2X1-receptors in resistance arteries
Authors: M Malmsjö
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is accompanied by enhanced peripheral sympathetic nerve activity, increased vascular resistance and impaired peripheral blood flow. Besides noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y, the sympathetic nervous system also releases ATP, which has contractile effects mediated by different subtypes of P2-receptors on the vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study was designed to examine postsynaptic changes of the contractile responses to ATP and other extracellular nucleotides in CHF. Methods: CHF was induced by left coronary artery ligation resulting in a reproducible myocardial infarction in Sprague–Dawley rats. Contractile responses were examined in cylindrical segments of aorta and the mesenteric artery after endothelium removal. To determine if an altered response was regulated on the transcriptional level, competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to estimate the amount of P2X1-receptor mRNA. Results: ATP, which is both a P2X1- and a P2Y-receptor agonist, induced a weaker contraction in the mesenteric artery from CHF as compared to sham operated rats. A decrease in both potency and maximum contraction was shown for the selective P2X1-receptor agonist, αβ-MeATP, in the mesenteric artery (pEC50=6.04 vs. 5.76, Cmax=57% vs. 33%, sham vs. CHF operated rats), but not in the aorta. Competitive RT-PCR also revealed decreased P2X1-receptor mRNA levels in CHF operated rats in the mesenteric artery (9106·103 vs. 714·103 molecules/μg, sham vs. CHF operated rats), while it remained unaltered in the aorta. To study the P2Y-receptor induced contractile effects, the P2X1-receptors were first desensitised with αβ-MeATP (10−5 M for 8 min). After P2X1-receptors desensitisation, UTP and UDP induced strong contractions in both the mesenteric artery and in the aorta, while ATP and ADP were much less effective. These contractions were not altered by CHF, indicating that vascular contraction mediated by P2Y-receptors are unaffected by CHF. Conclusion: CHF induces downregulation of P2X1-receptor stimulated contraction in the mesenteric artery depending on decreased mRNA synthesis for the receptor, while the P2Y-receptor activity remains unchanged. Downregulation of P2X1-receptors appears to be specific for peripheral resistance arteries. This may represent a compensatory response to enhanced peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and increased vascular resistance in CHF.
Digital Subtraction High-Frame-Rate Echocardiography in Detecting Delayed Onset of Regional Left Ventricular Relaxation in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Hiroya Kondo, Tohru Masuyama, Ken Ishihara, Toshiaki Mano, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Johji Naito, Reiko Nagano, Shinji Kishimoto, Jun Tanouchi, Masatsugu Hori, Hiroshi Takeda, Michitoshi Inoue, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Because left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is impaired before systolic function in patients with ischemic heart disease and because ischemic heart disease is constituted of regional rather than global abnormalities of the left ventricle, measures of LV regional diastolic dysfunction, if possible, should provide the most sensitive assessment of the coronary involved region. The objectives of this study are to clarify whether high-frame-rate two-dimensional echocardiography, combined with digital subtraction image processing, may be used to visualize regional LV relaxation abnormalities in patients with ischemic heart disease and to clarify whether this technique provides a measure for the noninvasive assessment of the coronary involved region. Method and Results In 30 normal subjects and 59 patients with ischemic heart disease, two-dimensional echocardiograms obtained at a rate of 60 frames per second were provided on line for digital subtraction analysis, with which digitized images were continuously subtracted on a frame-by-frame basis. The subtracted images were analyzed to determine the onset of the segmental outward motion of the LV wall in early diastole in each of 16 segments per subject. Regional relaxation index, defined as the interval from the second heart sound to the onset of outward wall motion, was significantly prolonged in the coronary involved segments compared with the normal segments (36.3±18.0 versus 101.2±34.0 ms, P &lt;.01). The prolongation in the regional relaxation index was observed even in the coronary involved segments without reduction in systolic wall motion. When a cutoff level of 50.0 ms was used, coronary involved segments could be distinguished from normal or border segments with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 81%. Conclusions Digital subtraction high-frame-rate echocardiography may be used to visualize regional LV relaxation abnormalities in patients with ischemic heart disease. The time interval from the second heart sound to the onset of the segmental outward motion of the LV wall (regional relaxation index) obtained with this technique provides a noninvasive and accurate measure for assessing coronary involved regions.
Working With African Nations to Improve the Health of Their Children
Authors: Stanley O. Foster
Journal: JAMA (1990)

OF THE 20 million children born each year in Africa, 4 million will die before their fifth birthdays.<sup>1</sup>Over half of these deaths are directly attributable to one or more diseases in the following groups: diseases preventable by immunization (including measles, neonatal tetanus, and pertussis), diarrhea, malaria, and acute lower respiratory tract infection.<sup>2</sup>In a longitudinal study of mortality in Kivu, Zaire, 424 (68%) of 624 deaths in children under 5 years of age were related to these four groups of diseases.<sup>3</sup> As part of the US Agency for International Development's technical assistance to Africa, the Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (CCCD) project works with 10 African countries to strengthen their national capacity to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality and improve child health. These countries are the Central African Republic, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Lesotho, Liberia, Nigeria, Swaziland, Togo, and Zaire. This article reports on program experience during
Reanastomosis of the Vas Deferens
Authors: Donald J. Dodds
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Temporary spontaneous reanastomosis of the vas deferens, presented by Marshall and Lyons (219:1753, 1972), is of great interest to all those performing vasectomies.  In order for a fistula to develop there must be active changes taking place in the tissues. The normal healing process results in a rather rapid production of granulation tissue followed by regressive changes and scar formation. This process is prolonged by chemical irritation from the suture materials, especially surgical silk. The reaction from absorbable materials is shorter. Completely biologically inert material, such as tantalum, produces no irritant effect, and scar formation is solely due to the ischemia produced by compression of the tissues.  According to this hypothesis, late spontaneous anastomosis of the vas ends is more likely to occur with the use of silk ligatures. It also may occur after several months if there has been leakage of sperm from the proximal end
Lymphocyte transformation in the mesenteric lymph nodes of patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: P. J. Guillou, T. G. Brennan, G. R. Giles
Journal: Gut (1973)

The response of lymphocytes from peripheral blood and mesenteric lymph nodes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin in vitro has been studied in eight patients suffering from active Crohn's disease. Patients with Crohn's disease exhibited reduced responses when compared with similar studies performed in control subjects. The impaired responses of circulating lymphocytes from these patients were marked on culture in autologous serum and were not improved by culture in homologous AB serum. Lymphocytes from lymph nodes directly draining diseased bowel exhibited lower responses than those from nodes at the root of the mesentery, which in turn were lower than those of circulating lymphocytes.
Reduced cholinergic sinus node restraint in hyperthyroidism.
Authors: C W White, T J Zimmerman
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The role of the cholinergic nervous system in the tachycardia of hyperthyroidism was investigated in this study of dogs made severely thyrotoxic by the administration of Na-L-thyroxine over a six to nine month period. Differences in heart rate between control and thyrotoxic unanesthetized dogs could be abolished by cumulative doses of intravenous atropine both before and after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, and at submaximal as well as maximal heart rates. There were no differences in the heart rate response of control and thyrotoxic anesthetized dogs to vagal stimulation or to the selective injection of hypertonic saline or acetylcholine into the perfused sinus node artery. The results indicate that in addition to the direct effects of thyroid hormone on sinus node automaticity there is an abnormality in parasympathetic control of heart rate in hyperthyroidism. The data suggest that this abnormality is not due to a decreased responsiveness of the sinus node or an impaired release of the cholinergic neurotransmitter, but may reflect a reduction in cholinergic efferent activity in the thyrotoxic state.
A Study on the Healing-over of Myocardial Cells of Toads
Authors: W. C. DE MELLO, G. E. MOTTA, M. CHAPEAU
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

The possible role of the intercellular junctions on the sealing process of toad myocardium was investigated in preparations immersed in hypertonic sucrose solutions and in solutions containing EDTA, both of which caused the separation of many intercalated disks and of a large number of cells. The rate of healing was determined by measuring the amplitude of the injury potentials as a function of time. The potential differences were recorded with the "roving" electrode technique immediately after injury and then at 2-minute intervals. Measurements made in preparations immersed in normal Ringer's solution showed that the depolarization caused by a lesion was totally reversed in 10 to 12 minutes. In muscles immersed in hypertonic sucrose solutions for 20 minutes, a marked reduction of the rate of healing was observed. Similar results were obtained with EDTA (2.5 mM) or with Ca 2+ -free solutions. The effect of hypertonic solutions was not counteracted by the addition of 10 mM Ca 2+ to the solution. The results suggest that the integrity of the intercellular junctions is essential for the healing process.
Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient Refractory to Gefitinib and Responsive to Crizotinib, with Concurrent Rare Mutation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (L861Q) and Increased ALK/MET/ROS1 Gene Copy Number
Authors: Sara Pilotto, Emilio Bria, Umberto Peretti, Francesco Massari, Marina Garassino, Giuseppe Pelosi, Giampaolo Tortora
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Lymphonodular Hyperplasia on the Duodenal Bulb Indicates Food Allergy in Children
Authors: None Kokkonen
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Diagnosing gastrointestinal food allergy is a challenge. In small children, and when there is a suspicion of cow's milk allergy, a double-blind challenge test is the method of choice [1]. In older children, in other food allergies, in more delayed reactions, and if the patient has only gastrointestinal symptoms, the diagnosis is usually based on open oral challenges after an elimination period. Histologically, jejunal biopsies taken with a capsule technique from children with cow's milk protein intolerance show an enteropathy similar to that seen in celiac disease, though less pronounced and less constant [2]. In older children and adults, histological assessment of a small intestinal biopsy sample is usually normal [3] [4].
Advances in targeted therapies XII
Authors: F. C. Breedveld, J. R. Kalden, J. S. Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

The papers brought together in this supplement of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases constitute summaries of presentations at the XIIth International Symposium on Advances in Targeted Therapies, which was held from 14 to 18 April 2010. As such these presentations represent the state of the art on the biology of mechanisms of action and pathophysiology of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) as well as other important mediators of inflammation. Current knowledge on the means and consequences of blocking TNF or other molecules or cellular mechanisms is also presented.

We are grateful to Drs Crofford, Feldmann, Furst, …