tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Porphobilinogen Tests and Drug Treatments
Authors: Gordon D. LaZerte
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Many clinical laboratory tests are not entirely specific and results may be pushed into an abnormal range by a variety of influences. The report of Fine and Kaplan (<b>197</b>:584, 1966) provides a reminder that the simple Watson-Schwartz reaction for porphobilinogen in urine is such a test. As the authors point out, a positive test for porphobilinogen should always be confirmed by butanol extraction. Patients today often are taking drugs which were unknown when now well-established laboratory tests were in the development stage. When these drugs, or their breakdown products, appear in the blood and urine specimens, results of the tests are sometimes altered. Our laboratory has observed abnormal reactions in several tests performed on the urines of patients taking meprobamate or drugs of the phenothiazine group. Of tests affected, the Watson-Schwartz reaction for porphobilinogen was the one most often requested. The observed color reaction was not
Retrolental Fibroplasia: An Unsolved Problem
Authors: John J. Weiter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The retrolental fibroplasia story continues and in fact has almost come full circle. Also known as retinopathy of prematurity, this disorder was first recognized as a clinical entity in 1941, and a histologic description was written by Terry the next year.1 The name "retrolental fibroplasia" was based on Terry's observation of a fibrovascular membrane that involved the retina and was located posterior to the lens of the eye. The incidence of the disease increased in subsequent years; by 1950 retrolental fibroplasia had reached epidemic proportions and had become the leading cause of childhood blindness in developed countries. That it occurred . . .
Effects of Two Commercial Electronic Prescribing Systems on Prescribing Error Rates in Hospital In-Patients: A Before and After Study
Authors: Johanna I. Westbrook, Margaret Reckmann, Ling Li, William B. Runciman, Rosemary Burke, Connie Lo, Melissa T. Baysari, Jeffrey Braithwaite, Richard O. Day
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

In a before-and-after study, Johanna Westbrook and colleagues evaluate the change in prescribing error rates after the introduction of two commercial electronic prescribing systems in two Australian hospitals.
Types of Anti-Rabies Vaccines
Authors: Clovis R. Francisconi
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To  Editor.—  In  Brief Report by Harrington and Arlen ( 216 :2137, 1971) there are references to  different types of anti-rabies vaccines. It is true that the use of rabies duckembryo vaccine carries a significantly lesser risk than  use of rabies vaccine of nerve tissue origin of  Semple type, but at  same time it is important to remember that much lower anti-rabies antibodies developed in humans with  duck-embryo type of vaccine. It has been shown that  potency of  duck-embryo vaccine leaves a lot to be desired. 1-3   The complication of  administration of rabies vaccine of nerve tissue origin has varied, as is stated by Harrington and Arlen, between 1 to 600 to 1 to 8,000. However, I would like to call your attention to a nervous tissue origin vaccine that is largely used in South America, described originally by Fuenzalida and
The effects of severe muscular exercise on muscle innervation
Authors: G. L. Kidd, E. J. Charlesworth
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1972)

The changes in composition of muscle interstitial fluid during severe exercise is discussed, and a study of the effect on muscle receptors of one such change, an increase in potassium ion concentration, is described. Results of experiments on rat muscle are presented which indicate that receptors in muscle are protected from great changes in potassium ion concentration by barrier membranes with structure and properties capable of adaptation in response to intensive muscular activity. The adaptation could delay the onset of receptor fatigue and muscle pain.
Expression of tumor-associated antigens in acute myeloid leukemia: implications for specific immunotherapeutic approaches
Authors: Jochen Greiner, Michael Schmitt, Li Li, Krzysztof Giannopoulos, Katrin Bosch, Anita Schmitt, Konstanze Dohner, Richard F. Schlenk, Jonathan R. Pollack, Hartmut Dohner, Lars Bullinger
Journal: Blood (2006)
Concerns Regarding Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Skin Self-Examination and Sun Protection Behaviors
Authors: Elliot J. Coups, Jerod L. Stapleton, Pamela A. Ohman-Strickland
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

To the Editor We write regarding 2 articles by Aneja and colleagues1- 2 describing results of a randomized trial to promote skin self-examination (SSE) and sun-protection behaviors among individuals attending dermatology clinics. A key concern is that imbalance in baseline levels of each behavioral outcome (ie, performance of SSE, use of sun-protective clothing, and sunscreen use) may explain or attenuate treatment arm differences at follow-up. For example, use of sun-protective clothing at the follow-up was significantly higher among intervention than control group participants.2 However, 40.2% of intervention group participants reported always or frequently using sun-protective clothing at baseline compared with 28.6% of control group participants.1 A prudent approach should include sensitivity regression analyses (akin to those summarized in Table 31 and the Table2) estimating intervention effects on behavioral outcomes at the 3-month follow-up after controlling for the baseline levels. If baseline adjustments yielded nonsignificant results, then intervention effects would need to be interpreted with more caution.
Do cervical cancer data justify human papillomavirus vaccination in India? Epidemiological data sources and comprehensiveness
Authors: D Forman, S Franceschi, R Sankaranarayanan, F Bray, J Ferlay, R Dikshit, P Jha, C P Wild
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

In their paper, Mattheij et al.1 propose that current epidemiological data do not justify human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in India. They state ‘current data on HPV type and cervical cancer incidence do not support [the] claim that India has a large burden of cervical cancer’. As the source of many of these data, we strongly contest this viewpoint.

Our GLOBOCAN 2008 estimates of the burden of cervical cancer in India indicate that the incidence rates are substantially in excess of those observed in, for example, the UK, where the authors are based and where there is a school-based vaccination programme (age standardized rates of 27 and 7 per 100,000, respectively).2 The national estimates for India have a complex derivation due to the need to adequately balance rural/urban populations in different geographical regions, but the methods are clear and reproducible.2

Cervical cancer is the most common or the second most common female cancer in data from the seven highest-quality Indian cancer registries.3 Our recent nationally representative mortality study based on verbal autopsies showed that, in 2010, cervical cancer was the leading fatal cancer among women aged 30–69 years in both rural and urban areas.4 Overall we estimate that over a quarter of the world's cervical cancer cases and over a third of the cervical cancer deaths occur in India.2

While we agree with Mattheij et al. that incidence rates are declining over time in some urban regions,3 this is mainly due to the impact of multiple social factors (family planning, education and socioeconomic improvement)5,6 combined with the developing programmes for screening and early detection.7

What is known about HPV and high-risk HPV prevalence in India would indicate that, rates are at the higher end of a global scale (exactly as for cervical cancer incidence) and, unlike in many other populations, tend to stay high in middle-age women.8 More than elsewhere, high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 predominate in invasive cancer9 indicating current vaccines would be very effective.

Cancer surveillance in India is incomplete and faces uncertainties in estimation. However, there are a large number of cancer registries and more data are available than for many other countries at a similar developmental level. The surveillance data that we have, indicate quite clearly that HPV infection and associated cervical cancer risk in India is a substantive burden and clear health priority which can be addressed now by a combination of screening and vaccination.
GP faces 15 charges of murder
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A GP was in the dock at Preston Crown Court in Lancashire this week, facing charges of murdering 15 middle aged and elderly women patients The trial of Harold Shipman, aged 53, is expected to start next week after legal argument.

The women, mostly widows and all aged between 49 and 81, were patients of Dr Shipman at his singlehanded practice in Hyde, near Manchester. They all …
Heparin-regulated release of growth factors in vitro and angiogenic response in vivo to implanted hyaluronan hydrogels containing VEGF and bFGF
Authors: Daniel B. Pike, Shenshen Cai, Kyle R. Pomraning, Matthew A. Firpo, Robert J. Fisher, Xiao Zheng Shu, Glenn D. Prestwich, Robert A. Peattie
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Antacid Relief of Diarrhea In Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Authors: H. Clay Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A patient who presented with diarrhea, vague abdominal distress, and no demonstrable ulcer by x-ray film was lated found to have the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The empiric use of a magnesium-aluminum hydroxide suspension (Maalox) for relief of abdominal distress also relieved the diarrhea. This commonly used antacid combination of magnesium and aluminum hydroxide ordinarily exerts a<i>laxative</i>effect. The paradoxical antidiarrheal response to magnesiumaluminum hydroxide suspension offers a diagnostic clue to the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> This 19-year-old male was seen in April 1968 with a tenmonth history of diarrhea of six watery stools a day, abdominal cramping, nausea, and 20-lb weight loss. An upper gastrointestinal tract series was normal, but clumping and segmentation of barium was present in the small bowel. Triolein I 131 absorption was diminished to 7%. Barium enema x-ray films, proctoscopic examination, and stool cultures and examinations for ova and parasites showed
SorCS2 Regulates Dopaminergic Wiring and Is Processed into an Apoptotic Two-Chain Receptor in Peripheral Glia
Authors: Simon Glerup, Ditte Olsen, Christian B. Vaegter, Camilla Gustafsen, Susanne S. Sjoegaard, Guido Hermey, Mads Kjolby, Simon Molgaard, Maj Ulrichsen, Simon Boggild, Sune Skeldal, Anja N. Fjorback, Jens R. Nyengaard, Jan Jacobsen, Dirk Bender, Carsten R. Bjarkam, Esben S. Sørensen, Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer, Gregor Eichele, Peder Madsen, Thomas E. Willnow, Claus M. Petersen, Anders Nykjaer
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Computed tomography-guided bronchoalveolar lavage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: C. Agusti, A. Xaubet, P. Luburich, M. C. Ayuso, J. Roca, R. Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is now recognised as a sensitive tool for predicting the histological characteristics of the lung parenchymal abnormalities in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A reticular pattern on HRCT scanning is indicative of fibrotic histology while a ground glass pattern has been associated with inflammatory disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the cell population in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from different lobes differs according to HRCT characteristics in patients with IPF. METHODS: Twenty six patients with IPF (18 men) of mean (SE) age 67 (2) years were included in the study. A semiquantitative analysis of the extent of the abnormalities on the HRCT scan was applied by summing the proportion of both reticular and ground glass patterns in each lobe (expressed as percentage of total area evaluated) and 100 ml double BAL was then randomly performed in the lobe with the most extensive involvement (lobe A) and that with the least extensive involvement (lobe B). RESULTS: Twenty three of the 26 patients (88%) had an abnormal cell count in the BAL fluid from lobe A compared with 18 patients (69%) with abnormalities in the BAL fluid from lobe B. The median (range) percentage of 8.5% (0-34%) and the absolute numbers of neutrophils (1.3 x 10(4)/ml, 0-14.6 x 10(4)/ml) in lobe A were significantly higher than those in lobe B (5% (0-26%) and 1.2 x 10(4)/ml (0-5 x 10(4)/ml), respectively). The percentage (3%, 0-19%) and absolute numbers (0.65 x 10(4)/ml, 0-4 x 10(4)/ml (0-4.8 x 10(4)/ml), respectively). For the group as a whole a correlation was found between the percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils in the BAL fluid and the total score of abnormalities on the HRCT scan in the most involved lobe (lobe A). Multiple regression analysis indicated that both the percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils were significantly and independently related to the extent of ground glass pattern. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with IPF the cell population in the BAL fluid is not homogeneous and seems to be related to the characteristics of the abnormalities on the HRCT scan present in the lavaged lobe.
P93CCL18 aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing CCR6-, not CCR3-, dependent T cell influx and polarization
Authors: A Singh, A Kraaijeveld, B Legein, A Curaj, S Mccoll, JWM Heemskerk, E Liehn, F Tacke, E Biessen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Atherosclerosis, the major cause of heart disease and stroke, is a lipid driven chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the continuous recruitment of inflammatory cells to the atherosclerotic plaque, a process orchestrated by chemokines. Abundant expression of the chemokine CCL18 (PARC) is observed in human atherosclerotic plaques, and especially in unstable regions. As the exact role of CCL18 in atherogenesis is currently unknown, we aimed to map the effects of focal and systemic CCL18 overexpression on plaque progression and stability. Furthermore, we identify CCR6 as a functional receptor for CCL18 that mediates CCL18 effects and activates intracellular signalling.
Tobacco chiefs sell shares in their own company
Authors: P. Wilbur
Journal: BMJ (1999)

An adverse ruling for the tobacco industry in a Florida lawsuit last week sent tobacco stock prices reeling, but Philip Morris executives may have seen this coming a few months ago.

On 20 October a panel of three judges unanimously agreed that Philip Morris Companies and other defendants in the Engle v R J Reynolds class action lawsuit must face punitive damages in one lump sum instead of on a “case by case basis”. The damages, which could exceed $300bn (£187bn), are to be awarded as a result of last July's verdict holding the companies liable for between 500000 and one …
Localization of DNA damage and its role in altered antigen-presenting cell function in ultraviolet-irradiated mice.
Authors: A A Vink, F M Strickland, C Bucana, P A Cox, L Roza, D B Yarosh, M L Kripke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Prior ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the site of application of hapten on murine skin reduces contact sensitization, impairs the ability of dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes (DLN) to present antigen, and leads to development of hapten-specific suppressor T lymphocytes. We tested the hypothesis that UV-induced DNA damage plays a role in the impaired antigen-presenting activity of DLN cells. First, we assessed the location and persistence of cells containing DNA damage. A monoclonal antibody specific for cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (CPD) was used to identify UV-damaged cells in the skin and DLN of C3H mice exposed to UV radiation. Cells containing CPD were present in the epidermis, dermis, and DLN and persisted, particularly in the dermis, for at least 4 d after UV irradiation. When fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was applied to UV-exposed skin, the DLN contained cells that were Ia+, FITC+, and CPD+; such cells from mice sensitized 3 d after UV irradiation exhibited reduced antigen-presenting function in vivo. We then assessed the role of DNA damage in UV-induced modulation of antigen-presenting cell (APC) function by using a novel method of increasing DNA repair in mouse skin in vivo. Liposomes containing T4 endonuclease V (T4N5) were applied to the site of UV exposure immediately after irradiation. This treatment prevented the impairment in APC function and reduced the number of CPD+ cells in the DLN of UV-irradiated mice. Treatment of unirradiated skin with T4N5 in liposomes or treatment of UV-irradiated skin with liposomes containing heat-inactivated T4N5 did not restore immune function. These studies demonstrate that cutaneous immune cells sustain DNA damage in vivo that persists for several days, and that FITC sensitization causes the migration of these to the DLN, which exhibits impaired APC function. Further, they support the hypothesis that DNA damage is an essential initiator of one or more of the steps involved in impaired APC function after UV irradiation.
Kindlin-3 is required for β2 integrin–mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells
Authors: Markus Moser, Martina Bauer, Stephan Schmid, Raphael Ruppert, Sarah Schmidt, Michael Sixt, Hao-Ven Wang, Markus Sperandio, Reinhard Fässler
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Restricted expression of the irreC-rst protein is required for normal axonal projections of columnar visual neurons
Authors: Thilo Schneider, Christian Reiter, Eckhart Eule, Brigitte Bader, Beate Lichte, Zhiping Nie, Thorsten Schimansky, Ricardo G.P. Ramos, Karl-Friedrich Fischbach
Journal: Neuron (1995)
The effect of medium chain triglyceride upon fat absorption and plasma lipid and depot fat of children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.
Authors: P T Kuo, N N Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

Impairment of intestinal fat digestion and ab- sorption constitutes one of the principal manifesta- tions of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (1, 2).It has been reported that in these patients, triglycer- ides of shorter chain fatty acids appear to be more completely absorbed than those containing fatty acids with chain lengths longer than 12 carbon atoms (3,4).After medium chain triglyceride preparations (MCT), which contain principally caprylic (C8: 0) and capric (C10: 0) acids with less than 5% of C12 and longer chain acids,' became avail- able, several investigators found them useful in the management of various types of steatorrhea (5)(6)(7).This paper reports on the effect of MCT feeding upon 1) the plasma lipid levels, 2) the fatty acid compositions of the major plasma lipid fractions and the depot fat, and 3) the fecal fat loss and the nutritional status of children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas. MethodsSubjects.Two groups of children who presented typi- cal clinical and laboratory findings of cystic fibrosis of *
Pseudopheochromocytoma and Cardiac Arrest Associated With Phenylpropanolamine
Authors: Jeffrey S. Hyams
Journal: JAMA (1985)

THE SYMPATHOMIMETIC compound phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is found in a variety of easily accessible medications including decongestants, anorectics, and stimulants. Serious complications associated with the use of phenylpropanolamine have been described, including hypertension,<sup>1-4</sup>headaches,<sup>1-4</sup>psychosis,<sup>5,6</sup>seizures,<sup>1,2</sup>and fatal cerebrovascular accidents.<sup>3</sup>We recently cared for a 16-year-old girl with a history of recurrent episodes of paroxysmal hypertension and seizures in whom two episodes of cardiac arrest occurred. Her clinical constellation prompted a lengthy and expensive evaluation for pheochromocytoma before surreptitious ingestion of phenylpropanolamine was discovered. Increasing use of phenylpropanolamine-containing medications may make these complications more frequent. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 16-year-old girl was hospitalized for evaluation of paroxysmal hypertension. Four months prior to admission she noted the onset of intermittent episodes of headache, diaphoresis, nausea, pallor, abdominal pain, nervousness, and fatigue. These episodes continued until the day of admission, when she was witnessed having a brief
Better Evidence about Screening for Lung Cancer
Authors: Harold C. Sox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In October 2010, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) announced that patients who were randomly assigned to screening with low-dose computed tomography (CT) had fewer deaths from lung cancer than did patients randomly assigned to screening with chest radiography. The first report of the NCI-sponsored National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) in a peer-reviewed medical journal appears in this issue of the Journal.1 Eligible participants were between 55 and 74 years of age and had a history of heavy smoking. They were screened once a year for 3 years and were then followed for 3.5 additional years with no screening. At . . .
Opt-out organ donation: on evidence and public policy
Authors: Brian H Willis, Muireann Quigley
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Deceased organ donation in the United Kingdom (UK) is governed by the Human Tissue Act 2004 and the Human Tissue Act (Scotland) 2006 and operates under an opt-in system of donation. Despite its rejection by the Organ Donation Taskforce in 2008,1 there have been continued calls to move to an opt-out system (sometimes, perhaps incorrectly, termed presumed consent). For example, the British Medical Association has long supported such a move2 and there have been sustained attempts from some academic commentators who argue for legislative change.3–6 Recently, the National Assembly for Wales voted in favour of a draft Human Transplantation (Wales) Bill, which will enable the creation of an opt-out system.7 This follows a referendum held in early 2011 which resulted in the Assembly gaining further law-making powers, including in relation to health and health services.8 The new law is slated to be on the statute books by 2015. In addition, earlier this year, the Northern Irish Executive announced plans to consult on organ donation including a possible move to an opt-out system.9

It has been widely assumed that the evidence available makes credible the suggestion that opt-out systems yield significantly higher rates of organ donation, something that a recent review commissioned by the Welsh Assembly supposedly reaffirms. In this essay piece, we take issue with the way in which the evidence has been used to make inferences and reach conclusions not necessarily (strongly) supported by the evidence. The available evidence is weaker than sometimes assumed, yet it is being used to support ideological, ethical and political commitments. In the absence of strong evidence, time and effort spent on legislative change misses the opportunity to focus on non-legislative action, which could have greater impact.
Management of bacterial meningitis in adults
Authors: J. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The treatment of bacterial meningitis represents one of the success stories of modern medicine, particularly antibiotics. In the pre-antibiotic era bacterial meningitis was almost always fatal, but the prompt use of appropriate antibiotics together with supportive care can undoubtedly reduce the morbidity and the mortality of this condition substantially. And yet just 10 years ago a large study of acute bacterial meningitis in adults found a mortality of 25%.1 Why can't we do better than that?

Acute bacterial meningitis tends to present to non-specialist, and often inexperienced, junior doctors. It is not very common—there are about 1000 patients in the United Kingdom each year—and so individual doctors will not see many patients. These are exactly the circumstances in which a management algorithm can help. The British Infection Society has recently published such an algorithm for the initial management of adult patients with presumed bacterial meningitis,2 and which represents an updated version of the evidence based recommendations published by the society four years ago.3 Key to the success of algorithms such as this …