tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postprandial biliary and pancreatic secretion during profound inhibition of gastric secretion in humans.
Authors: A Lanzini, D Facchinetti, M G Pigozzi, A Wuhrer, A Saleri
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study assessed the effect of profound inhibition of gastric secretion by an H2 antagonist on postprandial gastric emptying of acid and chyme, and on bile acid and pancreatic enzyme secretion under physiological conditions in humans. Six subjects were studied before and while they were given famotidine (40 mg). This study combined a continuous intestinal perfusion technique using 14C-polyethylene glycol (14C-PEG) as duodenal recovery marker, with intermittent sampling of gastric content using PEG 4000 as meal marker. During the three hour study, the area under the curve for gastric acid output decreased from mean (SEM) 88.9 (7.6) mmol for those not receiving treatment, to 21.2 (2.7) mmol for subjects receiving famotidine (p < 0.01). The corresponding values for the rate of acid delivery into the duodenum decreased from 65.2 (11.9) to 16.6 (2.9) mmol (p < 0.05), and those for the rate of gastric emptying of chyme remained unchanged for the group receiving no treatment and during famotidine (1040 (200) v 985 (160) ml respectively, NS). Duodenal bile acid and trypsin output remained unchanged (area under the curve, 457 (128) v 373 (86) umol/kg and 5022 (565) v 5058 (400) IU/kg respectively, NS) receiving no treatment and during famotidine. It is concluded that profound inhibition of postprandial gastric acid secretion by anti-secretory drugs is not accompanied by changes in biliary and pancreatic secretion, mainly because the gastric emptying of chyme is unaffected.
A Familial Occurrence of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: TERRY S. GRAVES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A family was recently studied in which two brothers with identical HLA serotypes had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. One of the two had a normal bronchogram. A field investigation of the family residence showed that a barn was the probable source of the organism causing disease in these patients. Immunologic characterization of the family members showed a broad spectrum of response to the environmental exposure.
Five futures for academic medicine
Authors: Manique Wijesinghe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), prosthetic mandibular advancement devices (MAD) seem to be a promising treatment alternative to conventional continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Unfortunately, while they are effective in some patients, they are ineffective in others or may even worsen OSAS. At present, it is not known whether predictors can be defined which allow for estimation of the potential effect of oral appliances on the severity of OSAS. Clinical and polysomnographical efficacy of a MAD was evaluated in 15 patients with OSAS. In addition, ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pharynx was performed in 13 of these patients at rest during transnasal shallow respiration and during performance of the Muller manoeuvre, both with and without the MAD, and the site of closure was determined. The MAD reduced the mean apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) from 19.8±14.5 to 7.2±7.4·h<sup>−1</sup>. Seven subjects (53.8%) had at least a 50% reduction in AHI to a value &lt;10·h<sup>−1</sup> with the MAD, whereas the MAD was ineffective in six patients. Five of the seven treatment responders had no significant pharyngeal obstruction during the manoeuvre with the device, while all of them had pharyngeal obstruction when not equipped with the device. Four of the six patients with treatment failure had a single velopharyngeal obstruction and two a combined obstruction of the velo‐ and glossopharynx during the Muller manoeuvre while wearing the device. The results of this study suggest that airway patency during the Muller manoeuvre while wearing a mandibular advancement device may be predictive of the success of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome treatment with a mandibular advancement device.
A New Antiviral Agent for Influenza — Is There a Clinical Niche?
Authors: Robert B. Couch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Zanamivir, a new antiviral agent for influenza, is a potent inhibitor of the viral neuraminidase of types A and B influenzaviruses.1 The design of zanamivir was based on the three-dimensional structure of the neuraminidase, a structural unit on the surface of the viral particle. In this issue of the Journal, Hayden et al. report that treatment of community-acquired type A and B influenza with zanamivir shortened the duration of major symptoms by about one day in the study group as a whole and about three days in the sicker patients if the drug was started early.2 Zanamivir probably interrupts an . . .
Intravascular ultrasound molecular imaging of ICAM-1 and Fibrin in a Yucatan miniswine model of early and late stage atherosclerosis
Authors: Andrew J. Hamilton, Shaoling Huang, Mark Rabbat, Drew Warnick, Ashwin Nagaraj, Bonnie J. Kane, Melvin E. Klegerman, Robert C. MacDonald, David D. McPherson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Governing University Hospitals in a Changing Environment
Authors: David A. Kindig
Journal: JAMA (1987)

At least since the late 1970s, directors of state university hospitals have been coping with an environment more harsh and turbulent than they could predict. Many of them have been particularly worried that their management and governance structures are ill equipped to meet the challenges posed by the changing health care environment they face every day. Even worse, perhaps, is their fear that things are changing so fast they will not be able to adjust quickly enough under the traditional forms of university hospital governance.  This quote introduces the issue facing the authors of this book when they began their study of university hospital governance and management in 1981. This major study was sponsored and funded by the Consortium for the Study of University Hospitals, a group of university hospital administrators and researchers founded for this purpose. Primary data were collected from 52 of the 64 university-owned hospitals in the
Initial Therapy with FOLFOXIRI and Bevacizumab for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fotios Loupakis, Chiara Cremolini, Gianluca Masi, Sara Lonardi, Vittorina Zagonel, Lisa Salvatore, Enrico Cortesi, Gianluca Tomasello, Monica Ronzoni, Rosella Spadi, Alberto Zaniboni, Giuseppe Tonini, Angela Buonadonna, Domenico Amoroso, Silvana Chiara, Chiara Carlomagno, Corrado Boni, Giacomo Allegrini, Luca Boni, Alfredo Falcone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A fluoropyrimidine plus irinotecan or oxaliplatin, combined with bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor), is standard first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Before the introduction of bevacizumab, chemotherapy with fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) showed superior efficacy as compared with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI). In a phase 2 study, FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab showed promising activity and an acceptable rate of adverse effects.We randomly assigned 508 patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer to receive either FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab (control group) or FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab (experimental group). Up to 12 cycles of treatment were administered, followed by fluorouracil plus bevacizumab until disease progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival.The median progression-free survival was 12.1 months in the experimental group, as compared with 9.7 months in the control group (hazard ratio for progression, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62 to 0.90; P=0.003). The objective response rate was 65% in the experimental group and 53% in the control group (P=0.006). Overall survival was longer, but not significantly so, in the experimental group (31.0 vs. 25.8 months; hazard ratio for death, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.00; P=0.054). The incidences of grade 3 or 4 neurotoxicity, stomatitis, diarrhea, and neutropenia were significantly higher in the experimental group.FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab, as compared with FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, improved the outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and increased the incidence of some adverse events. (Funded by the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00719797.).
Welsh Office criticised over Morriston affair
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Welsh Office has been criticised for not intervening sooner in the growing financial problems at Morriston NHS Trust, where there had been warnings of a £3.5m ($5.6m) deficit for some time before the announcement of redundancies last August.

A report by the Parliamentary Welsh Affairs Committee also said that the redundancy programme which led consultants to pass a vote of no confidence in the chief executive and chairman of the trust should never have been necessary. The redundancies announced last August were later withdrawn after widespread condemnation (17 August, p 385).

“With all the monitoring information available to them it should have been …
Hepatic Anomalous Lobulation Demonstrated by Liver and Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: KEIKO ARAKAWA, HIROAKI HOSHI, SEISHI JINNOUCHI, SEIJI ONO, YASUSHI KIHARA, MIDORI TAKEUCHI, YUJI WAKUTA, YOSUKE KAKITSUBATA, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The use of liver and hepatobiliary scintigraphy for evaluation of the hepatobiliary system in patients with hepatic disease is now widespread. In the present case, the usefulness of liver and hepatobiliary scintigraphy for the diagnosis of liver malformation is described.
Penicillamine, Captopril, and Hypoglycemia
Authors: Preben Elling, Hanne Elling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1985Penicillamine, Captopril, and HypoglycemiaPREBEN ELLING, M.D., HANNE ELLINGPREBEN ELLING, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HANNE ELLINGSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-4-644 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: D-Penicillamine is a useful anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug with many side effects, but to date no effect of this drug on carbohydrate metabolism has been reported. We have recently seen two cases of unexplained hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics when penicillamine was used with their usual insulin dosage.A 60-year-old man had been treated for nearly 30 years with a stable dose of insulin (Insulin Retard [NPH], 40 units/d). He had never had any hypoglycemic reactions, but 8 weeks after receiving penicillamine, 250 mg/d, for a seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis, he had severe attacks of typical hypoglycemic symptoms including...References1. FERRIERELACHKARRICHARDBRINGERORSETTIMIROUZE MHJJAJ. Captopril and insulin sensitivity. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:134-5. LinkGoogle Scholar2. JAFFE I. The effects of penicillamine on laboratory parametres in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1965;8:1064-79. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ANDERSON O. Clinical significance of antiinsulin-antibodies. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1971;205(suppl):231-8. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Viborg City Hospital 8800 Viborg Denmark PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPenicillamineGLUCOCORTICOIDS AND DISEASE – MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGSENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NON-HORMONAL AND NON-METABOLIC DRUGSPenicillamineBasistherapeutika und ImmunsuppressivaBasistherapeutika und ImmunsuppressivaTherapeutic challenges in the obese diabetic patient with hypertensionHypertension in Diabetics with Renal DiseaseMetal antagonistsPenicillamine-Induced Insulin AntibodiesRICHARD C. BECKER, M.D., RAQUEL G. MARTIN, D.O.Basistherapeutika und Immunsuppressiva 1 October 1985Volume 103, Issue 4Page: 644-645KeywordsAdverse reactionsArthritisCarbohydrate metabolismDrug metabolismHypoglycemiaHypoglycemicsInsulinRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma as a second tumour in a child with neuroblastoma
Authors: C. Gambini, R. Haupt, F. Rongioletti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract Neuroblastoma occurring as a disseminated disease in children has a poor prognosis. Haematogenous metastases usually involve the marrow, bone, liver and skin. A second neoplasm may also develop. We describe a child with retroperitoneal neuroblastoma (stage 3) who developed a nodular mass in the inguinal area which was suspected to be a metastasis. Histopathology disclosed an angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma, and excision was curative. The occurrence of angiomatoid (malignant) fibrous histiocytoma as a second tumour in a patient with neuroblastoma has not previously been reported.
Xeroderma pigmentosum. Clinical and laboratory investigation of its basic defect
Authors: W. B. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by sunlight sensitivity, multiple cutaneous malignancies, and autosomal recessive inheritance. Some patients also demonstrate neurological manifestations, ie, mental deficiency, microcephaly, ataxia, choreoathetosis, and deafness. Five patients were studied, four with neurological disease, one of whom also had lymphatic leukemia. Autopsy of one patient disclosed cerebral and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. There was nuclear atypia of pancreatic islet cells and liver cells similar to that seen in ataxia-telangiectasia. Normal skin fibroblasts can repair ultraviolet radiation damage to deoxyribonucleic acid by inserting new bases into DNA in the form of small patches. However, cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum carry a mutation such that repair replication of DNA is either absent or greatly reduced in comparison to normal fibroblasts. The failure of DNA repair in the skin may be related to carcinogenesis which occurs in sun-exposed areas of the skin.
Decreased hepatic nitric oxide production contributes to the development of rat sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
Authors: Laurie D. Deleve, Xiangdong Wang, Gary C. Kanel, Yoshiya Ito, Nancy W. Bethea, Margaret K. McCuskey, Zoltan A. Tokes, Jeffrey Tsai, Robert S. McCuskey
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

This study examined the role of decreased nitric oxide (NO) in the microcirculatory obstruction of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS). SOS was induced in rats with monocrotaline. Monocrotaline caused hepatic vein NO to decrease by 30% at 24 hours and by 70% at 72 hours; this decrease persisted throughout late SOS. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, exacerbated monocrotaline toxicity, whereas V-PYRRO/NO, a liver-selective NO donor prodrug, restored NO levels, preserved sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) integrity and sinusoidal perfusion as assessed by in vivo microscopy and electron microscopy, and prevented clinical and histologic evidence of SOS. NO production in vitro by SEC and Kupffer cells, the 2 major liver cell sources of NO, decreases largely in parallel with loss of cell viability after exposure to monocrotaline. Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity increases early on in SOS and this increase in activity has been implicated in initiating SOS. Infusion of V-PYRRO-NO prevented the monocrotaline-induced increase in MMP-9. In conclusion, decreased hepatic NO production contributes to the development of SOS. Infusion of an NO donor preserves SEC integrity and prevents development of SOS. These findings show that a decrease in NO contributes to SOS by allowing up-regulation of MMP activity, loss of sinusoidal integrity, and subsequent disruption of sinusoidal perfusion.
ORAI1 deficiency and lack of store-operated Ca2+ entry cause immunodeficiency, myopathy, and ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Christie-Ann McCarl, Capucine Picard, Sara Khalil, Takumi Kawasaki, Jens Röther, Alexander Papolos, Jeffery Kutok, Claire Hivroz, Francoise LeDeist, Katrin Plogmann, Stephan Ehl, Gundula Notheis, Michael H. Albert, Bernd H. Belohradsky, Janbernd Kirschner, Anjana Rao, Alain Fischer, Stefan Feske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Conventional cytogenetics of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: A Stamatoullas, J-M Picquenot, C Dumesnil, P Ruminy, D Penther, P Bertrand, M-N Courel, C Maisonneuve, A François, P Gaulard, H Tilly, C Bastard
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Phobic anxiety and ischaemic heart disease.
Authors: A P Haines, J D Imeson, T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A prospective study of the relation between scores on the six subscales of the Crown-Crisp experiential index and subsequent incidence of ischaemic heart disease was undertaken among participants in the Northwick Park heart study. Results from 1457 white men aged 40-64 at recruitment showed that phobic anxiety was strongly related to subsequent major ischaemic heart disease (fatal and non-fatal events combined) when other associated variables were taken into account. The phobic anxiety score alone remained significantly associated with ischaemic heart disease when scores on all the subscales were included in the analysis. Phobic anxiety seemed to be particularly associated with fatal ischaemic heart disease but was not associated with deaths from other causes and was no higher in those with a pre-existing myocardial infarction at recruitment than in those without. There was a consistent increase in risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease with score on the phobic anxiety subscale. The relative risk for those whose score was 5 and above was 3.77 (95% confidence interval 1.64 to 8.64) compared with those whose score was 0 or 1. The 49 participants with evidence of myocardial infarction at recruitment had higher scores on the subscales for free floating anxiety and functional somatic complaint. The Crown-Crisp experiential index is simple to fill out and acceptable to patients. When the results are combined with other known risk factors it may be of use in defining high risk subjects and in planning strategies for prevention.
Incidence of diverticulosis.
Authors: J. B. Cleland
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Objective</h3> To describe and compare trends in prevalence, sexual behaviour and HIV transmission knowledge data related to sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV in patients attending three STI clinics over an 8-year period in Escuintla Department, Guatemala. <h3>Methods</h3> STI clinic attendees were classified into transmission groups as follows: female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and ‘high-risk heterosexuals’ (HRH). Annual cross-sectional analysis and multivariable Poisson regression adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used for prevalence comparisons and adjusted prevalence trends for HIV/STI outcomes and used for adjusted trends in proportions in sexual behaviour and HIV transmission knowledge outcomes. Endocervical swabs were obtained to detect trichomonas, chlamydia and neisseria infections. Serologies for syphilis and HIV were performed using rapid tests. For reactive HIV samples, positivity was confirmed by an ELISA. All reactive syphilis samples were further confirmed for diagnosis of active syphilis disease. <h3>Results</h3> From a total of 4027 clinic attendees, 3213 (79.78%) were FSW, 229 (5.69%) were MSM and 585 (14.53%) were HRH. The proportion of FSW, MSM and HRH who had a single visit was 56.42%, 57.23% and 91.10%, respectively. Overall, HIV prevalence was 2.10% in FSW, 8.17% in MSM and 4.12% in HRH. Prevalence trends in HIV and syphilis decreased in FSW. Prevalence trends in gonorrhoea did not decrease over time neither in FSW nor in HRH. Chlamydia and trichomonas infections in HRH showed an increase prevalence trend. In FSW, trends in condom use in last sexual intercourse with regular and occasional clients were above 93%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> FSW show a decreasing trend in HIV, syphilis and chlamydia prevalence. Gonorrhoea prevalence in FSW and HRH did not decrease over time. HRH is a hard to engage population with low follow-up rates and high potential to act as a bridge population.
The Cystic Duct Sign during Morphine-augmented Cholescintigraphy
Authors: DWIGHT M. ACHONG, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Visualization of a “dilated cystic duct” during standard hepatobiliary imaging represents a potential source of false-negative cholescintigraphy. Intravenous morphine, commonly used to shorten study time and improve the specificity of hepatobiliary imaging, may, by virtue of its pharmacologic/physiologic actions, accentuate the appearance of a “dilated cystic duct.” We present a case of transient cystic duct visualization following morphine administration in a patient with an obstructing cystic duct calculus.
Upregulation of the PDGF-alpha Receptor Precedes Asbestos-induced Lung Fibrosis in Rats
Authors: JOSEPH A. LASKY, BOIHOANG TONTHAT, JING-YAO LIU, MITCHELL FRIEDMAN, ARNOLD R. BRODY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and its matching alpha receptor (PDGF-R α ) are upregulated in rat lung fibroblasts (RLFs) after exposure to chrysotile asbestos fibers in vitro, which results in asbestos-induced RLF proliferation. We now report our in vivo observations, which show an increase in the expression of PDGF-R α mRNA, but not PDGF-beta receptor mRNA, in asbestos-exposed rat lungs when compared with RNA from air-exposed (sham) and iron-exposed lungs. Western analysis of membrane preparations confirmed the observations on mRNA expression by demonstrating an increase in PDGF-R α peptide expression in the asbestos-exposed rat lungs, compared with that in the air-exposed lungs. Immunohistochemistry for the PDGF-R α was performed on air- and asbestos- exposed rat lungs and revealed a clear increase in staining within interstitial and subepithelial compartments in the exposed animals. These observations, along with our previous report demonstrating an increase in the PDGF-AA isoform expression immediately after asbestos-exposure, suggest a scenario in which a potent lung mesenchymal cell mitogen, PDGF-AA, and its α -receptor are upregulated prior to the development of a fibroproliferative lung lesion, and thus may play a central role in the pathogenesis of asbestos-induced lung fibrosis.
THE EARLIER DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLES
Authors: PHILIP MOEN STIMSON
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The importance of making an early diagnosis in a case of measles is well known. It is generally understood that measles is most contagious in its early stages, and therefore that early diagnosis and isolation are necessary to hold down the spread of the disease. But it is not so well known that measles may often be predicted with some confidence before the appearance of Koplik spots, the first pathognomonic sign; that measles is usually highly contagious from one to two days before the appearance of Koplik spots, and that the course and particularly the complications of measles are apt to be milder if the patient is put to bed and individually isolated at the very onset of the fever. Furthermore, New York City for the past ten or twelve years has had biennial waves of measles (fig. 1). From three to six times as many cases have occurred on
When I use a word: Wholly, holy, holey
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The Greek word oλoς (holos) means entire or whole. Now you might think that the English word whole has the same origin, but you would be wrong.

The Greek oλoς comes from an Indo-European root SOLO, meaning whole, firm, sound, or correct. A holograph is written entirely in one's own hand, and a holocaust was originally the burning of a whole body, before it came to mean the destruction of a whole nation. Catholic (from the Greek κατα, throughout) means throughout the whole …