tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROIDES AND BRAZILIAN YELLOW FEVER
Authors: HENRY R. MULLER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In connection with the studies on yellow fever being conducted at the Rockefeller Institute under the auspices of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation, we have had an opportunity, through the kindness of Dr. W. A. Sawyer, in charge of the experimental work, to examine by culture and guinea-pig inoculation samples of blood taken in cases diagnosed as yellow fever at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The blood had been collected during the first four days of illness in Kimble Venules of 10 cc. capacity, containing 1.5 cc. of 3.8 per cent sodium citrate. The samples were sent to New York in the ships' refrigerators and arrived in from three to five weeks after their withdrawal from the patient.  The number of blood specimens from which cultures were made was sixty-six. From six to twelve tubes of Noguchi leptospira medium were inoculated from each specimen and incubated at room
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>— New Clinical Spectrum?
Authors: Peter D. Walzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII has attracted widespread interest as the leading cause of fatal opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but the problems this organism can cause other patient populations have received less attention. In this issue of the Journal, Jacobs et al. describe a cluster of five cases of P. carinii pneumonia occurring over a three-month period in elderly patients without known predisposing factors.1 This event is highly unusual and raises intriguing questions about host defense mechanisms, a new strain of P. carinii, and nosocomial transmission of infection. P. carinii causes pneumonia almost exclusively in the immunocompromised . . .
Abstract P5-01-06: Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment via intratumoral administration of immunomodulatory agents
Authors: MJ Campbell, B Senman, LJ Esserman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Immune dysregulation has been implicated in the poor outcomes associated with high grade and/or triple negative (Tneg) breast cancers. This suggests that a multi-modal approach to stimulating the immune system could be an effective therapeutic strategy for Tneg breast cancer. However, many immunotherapeutic agents demonstrate significant toxicities when administered systemically at high doses. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of local, intratumoral administration of immunomodulators in a mouse model of Tneg breast cancer. Methods: 4T1, an aggressive, Tneg mammary carcinoma, was implanted orthotopically into syngeneic BALB/c mice. Treatment was initiated when tumors were 0.5-1.0 cm in the largest dimension. We examined various combinations of Toll-like receptor agonists (CpG oligonucleotide [TLR9] and imiquimod [TLR7]) with immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-CD40, anti-CTLA-4, anti-OX40). These agents were administered intratumorally (i.t.), either in PBS or formulated in an in situ depot forming drug delivery system. Growth of the injected tumors was monitored over time. In some experiments, tumors and spleens were harvested 3-10 days post therapy and analyzed for the presence of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, immunoregulatory T cells (Treg), and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC). To test whether local immunotherapy generates a systemic antitumor immune response, 4T1 tumors were implanted at 2 sites on opposite sides of the mice, with one (left) used as the site of in situ immunomodulation (i.t. injections) and the other (right) observed to assess the systemic antitumor immune response. Results: Intratumoral administration of various combinations of immunomodulators resulted in complete regression of the injected tumor. These regressions were associated with a reduction in the number of MDSCs in the tumor as well as activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, local immunotherapy generated a systemic antitumor immune response that inhibited tumors growing at a distant site. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment via intratumoral administration of immunomodulatory agents elicits antitumor immunity that eradicates tumor cells locally as well as systemically at distant sites. The prospect of delivering immunotherapeutics only where it matters most, namely within the tumor microenvironment, is extremely attractive as this would likely be substantially less toxic and more specific than many of the current cancer treatments. Ongoing studies include identifying companion diagnostics that can indicate which patients would benefit most from such an immunotherapeutic approach. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-01-06.
Urology
Authors: Frank Hinman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of cancer stem cell-like properties and reduced chemoradioresistance of glioblastoma using microRNA145 with cationic polyurethane-short branch PEI
Authors: Yi-Ping Yang, Yueh Chien, Guang-Yuh Chiou, Jong-Yuh Cherng, Mong-Lien Wang, Wen-Liang Lo, Yuh-Lih Chang, Pin-I Huang, Yi-Wei Chen, Yang-Hsin Shih, Ming-Teh Chen, Shih-Hwa Chiou
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
SYMPTOMS OF VIOSTEROL OVERDOSAGE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: C. I. REED
Journal: JAMA (1934)

During the past five years there have been carried out in the department of physiology in the University of Illinois College of Medicine a number of fundamental investigations on the physiologic mechanisms involved in the action of vitamin D. The information derived from these and other investigations has suggested the therapeutic use of this substance in concentrated form in a number of clinical conditions. However, it is my purpose in this paper not to discuss the results of these investigations but to describe some of the results of overdosage. Consequently, the clinical results of overdosage will be discussed without particular regard to the conditions for which the administration was undertaken. A. F. Hess and Lewis, 1 Bamberger and Spranger, 2 Opitz, 3 and J. H. Hess, Poncher, Dale and Klein 4 have all described toxic conditions in children, and Laurens 5 has reviewed the literature on toxicity in experimental animals
Discounting, Isoniazid, and Tuberculosis
Authors: David N. Rose, Clyde B. Schechter, Alan L. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letters of Taylor et al<sup>1</sup>and Dr Cobb<sup>2</sup>regarding our study of the age threshold for isoniazid chemoprophylaxis for low-risk tuberculin reactors<sup>3</sup>raise important issues of tuberculosis prevention policy. Their comments, however, do not affect our conclusion that isoniazid's benefits outweigh its risks for all affected persons between ages 10 and 80 years, by the measures of life expectancy and expected mortality. One comment made was that isoniazid's benefit in life expectancy gain— one to 16 days, depending on one's age at the time of the decision—seems "trivial." Such magnitude in benefits, however, must be appreciated in context. The prevention of any one disease, even a common one, may add little to average life expectancy. Tuberculosis has a relatively small effect on a tuberculin reactor's life expectancy because activation is uncommon (about a 5% chance over a lifetime) and the case fatality rate
Thymine and guanine base specificity of human myeloma proteins with anti-DNA activity.
Authors: M Zouali, B D Stollar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To further our understanding of the molecular basis of DNA-autoantibody interactions, we have characterized the specificities of three IgG human myeloma proteins that bind DNA. We measured their binding to synthetic single- and double-stranded homopolynucleotides, random and alternating copolymers, oligonucleotides, and nucleotides or nucleosides conjugated to non-nucleic acid carriers. All three antibodies bound single-stranded nucleic acids, including both polyribonucleotides and polydeoxyribonucleotides. They varied in relative affinities for polynucleotides of varying base composition. Polymers containing the purines guanine or hypoxanthine and/or the pyrimidine thymine were most reactive with all three proteins. A myeloma protein that reacted with poly(G), poly(I), or poly(dT) also bound to the corresponding nucleosides or nucleotides conjugated to bovine serum albumin. None of the antibodies reacted with base-paired double-helical polynucleotides (double-stranded RNA, RNA-DNA hybrid or double-stranded DNA). The results indicate that base specificity is prominent in their reactions and that the accessible epitopes in single-stranded polynucleotides become masked upon base pairing in double-stranded helices. These findings suggest a model in which positions N1 and O6 of guanine and hypoxanthine and N3 and O4 of thymine interact with amino acids of the antibody-combining site.
Abstract B23: Identification of TMPRSS2:ERG-dependent regulators of AR function and differentiation status in prostate cancer
Authors: Zineb Mounir, Raymond Pagliarini, Fallon Lin, Markus Schirle, Justin Klekota, Yan Feng, Anke Hartung, Aron Jaffe, Gilles Buchwalter, Myles Brown
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Oncogenic translocations involve the chromosomal rearrangement and fusion of two genes, which can result in either deregulated gene expression or the generation of a chimeric protein with unique oncogenic properties. Among these, fusions of the androgen-activated gene TMPRSS2 to the ETS transcription factor ERG occur in 40%–80% of prostate cancers and result in elevated expression of the ERG gene. Although a number of studies demonstrate the importance of ERG as a driver for prostate cancer development, the molecular mechanisms of ERG-mediated oncogenesis remain elusive. A deeper understanding of how ERG disrupts normal prostate biology may ultimately assist in the development of therapies that selectively target TMPRSS2:ERG -positive prostate cancer. We provide evidence that a primary role of ERG in prostate cancer is to specifically disrupt the normal regulation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, resulting in a selective attenuation of AR's ability to promote prostate epithelial cell differentiation. We are testing the hypothesis that ERG proteins require recruitment of additional cofactors to mediate these AR regulatory functions, and that some of these protein partners may be valid therapeutic targets. Towards this end, we are working to elucidate the full network of ERG-interacting proteins, and validating which of these interactors are necessary and/or sufficient for the oncogenic and de-differentiation functions of ERG in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Zineb Mounir, Raymond Pagliarini, Fallon Lin, Markus Schirle, Justin Klekota, Yan Feng, Anke Hartung, Aron Jaffe, Gilles Buchwalter, Myles Brown. Identification of TMPRSS2:ERG-dependent regulators of AR function and differentiation status in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
Dust Mite-Induced Dectin-2 Pathway Triggers IL-33 Generation in Leukotriene C4 Synthase- and CARD9-Independent Manner
Authors: Min Jung Lee, Eri Yoshimoto, Andressa Pesarini, K. Frank Austen, Yoshihide Kanaoka, Nora A. Barrett
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Abstract 1240: Characterization of Notch3 in senescence regulation and tumor suppression
Authors: Hang Cui, Hong Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Notch signaling has been shown to regulate a broad spectrum of cell fate decisions and differentiation. However, very little is known about the role of Notch signaling in cellular senescence. Here we report that the level of Notch3, a member of Notch transmembrane receptors, is specifically elevated in human fibroblasts during senescence induced by different senescence stimuli. This up-regulation of Notch3 is required for the induction of p21 in senescent cells, whereas adventitious expression of Notch3 in early passage fibroblasts induces senescence accompanied by p21 elevation. Furthermore, we find that Notch3-mediated senescence requires a canonic Notch singling, and deletion of p21 can partially abolish Notch3-induced senescence. The expression of Notch3 is undetectable in a number of human cancer cell lines, and restored expression of Notch3 in these cancer cell lines with undetectable level of Notch3 leads to proliferative arrest. Interestingly, the expression of Notch3 in the luminal subtype of human breast cancer is significantly decreased as compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. More importantly, low level of Notch3 expression in patients with luminal type of breast cancer correlates significantly with poor clinical prognosis. Our results reveal a novel function of Notch3 in senescence regulation and tumor suppression, suggesting that modulation of Notch3 provides a potential therapeutic approach for luminal subtype of breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1240. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1240
Onycholysis in sarcoidosis-a previously undescribed association
Authors: M.G. Davies, C.R. McGavin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Onycholysis in sarcoidosis—a previously undescribed association Get access M.G. Davies, M.G. Davies Departments of Dermatology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8DH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. McGavin C.R. McGavin Chest Medicine, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, Devon, PL6 8DH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 2, 1 August 1996, Page 340, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01188.x Published: 01 August 1996
Allergic patients have more numerous and prolonged respiratory infections than nonallergic subjects
Authors: I. Cirillo, G. Marseglia, C. Klersy, G. Ciprandi
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Allergic disorders are characterized by type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-polarization, thus physiological type 1 helper T cell (Th1)-dependent mechanisms involved in fighting respiratory infections (RI) may be defective. It has previously been reported that allergic children have more numerous and severe RI than nonallergic ones.The aim of the study was to evaluate the number and duration of RI in adult allergic and nonallergic subjects.Six hundred and twenty-four subjects were studied; 202 of them were allergic (i.e. suffering from allergic rhinitis). The number of RI as well as the duration of the disease were recorded for 2 years.Allergic subjects showed a significantly higher rate of RI episodes [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.94-2.41, P < 0.001] than subjects without allergy. The number of mild RI episodes was slightly higher in allergic subjects (IRR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.50-1.89, P < 0.001), while the number of severe episodes was markedly higher (IRR = 15.71, 95% CI 10.35-23.84, P < 0.001) when compared with nonallergic subjects. Moreover, allergic patients showed a longer total duration of RI than nonallergic subjects, with a mean difference of 17.4 days (95% CI 15.5-19.4, P < 0.001).This study provides evidence that adult allergic patients have more numerous and prolonged RI than nonallergic subjects.
TCT-86 Results of the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug European Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Jai-Wun Park, Jai-Wun Park, Horst Sievert, Wolfgang Schillinger, Lars Lickfett, Jose Ramon Lopez-Minguez, Heyder Omran, Mariano Valdes, Benno Hennen, Kevin Walsh, Oliver Ormerod, Peter Neuzil, Rainer Schraeder, Eulogio Garcia, David Hildick-Smith, Roman Lezaun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Priority setting is misunderstood and simplified
Authors: T. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I cannot let Allyson M Pollock's review of Priority Setting Processes for Healthcare go unchallenged.1 She has used the opportunity to make several absurd statements about prioritisation.

Firstly, priority setting is not simply an agenda of the new right: it is ridiculous to characterise the authors as belonging to this. Labelling them in this way is simply a device to avoid addressing their arguments.

Secondly, rationing will …
Medical Information on YouTube
Authors: Awori J. Hayanga
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MOGE(S) nosology in low-to-middle-income countries
Authors: Eloisa Arbustini, Navneet Narula, G. William Dec, K. Srinath Reddy, Barry Greenberg, Sudhir Kushwaha, Thomas Marwick, Sean Pinney, Riccardo Bellazzi, Valentina Favalli, Christopher Kramer, Robert Roberts, William A. Zoghbi, Robert Bonow, Luigi Tavazzi, Valentin Fuster, Jagat Narula
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2014)
Types of Diabetes According to National Diabetes Data Group Classification: Limited Applicability and Need to Revisit
Authors: Nicolas N Abourizk, Jonathan C Dunn
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Debate on the nature of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) occupies a major part of the discourse in modern diabetology (1,2).This debate, among others, is based on a classification system that assumes the existence of two primary types of diabetes that are either insulin dependent or non-insulin dependent.Despite the important data accruing on the pathogenetic heterogeneity of diabetes, clinicians and researchers continue to struggle with this widely used classification system developed initially by the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG; 3).According to the NDDG, the following five requirements had to be met by the classification system: 7) the classes should be defined so as to be mutually exclusive, i.e., an individual at any given time in his/her life can be placed in only one class, although with prospective follow-up he/she may change characteristics and need to be reclassified subsequently; 2) classification should require only simple clinical measurements or descriptive
MEK inhibition, alone or in combination with BRAF inhibition, impairs multiple functions of isolated normal human lymphocytes and dendritic cells
Authors: Laura J Vella, Anupama Pasam, Nektaria Dimopoulos, Miles Andrews, Anne-Laure Puaux, Jamila Louahed, Ashley Knights, Weisan Chan, Katherine Woods, Jonathan Cebon
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Combination therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibition is currently in clinical development for the treatment of BRAF mutated malignant melanoma. BRAF inhibitors are associated with enhanced antigen-specific T-lymphocyte recognition in vivo. Consequently BRAF inhibition has been
Radiation-induced double-strand modification in calf thymus DNA in the presence of 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone and its Cu(II) complex.
Authors: S Das, A Saha, P C Mandal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

When cells or DNA is exposed to ionizing radiation, the radicals produced in the irradiated sample will modify the base-pair region of the double strands. Effects of 1,2-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (DHA) and its Cu(II) complex on the radiation-induced modification of double-strands in calf thymus DNA were studied using ethidium bromide as a fluorescent probe. Our results show that the Cu(II)-DHA complex is more efficient in modifying the base-pair region in double-stranded DNA compared to free DHA.
Moving Beyond the Hazard Ratio in Quantifying the Between-Group Difference in Survival Analysis
Authors: Hajime Uno, Brian Claggett, Lu Tian, Eisuke Inoue, Paul Gallo, Toshio Miyata, Deborah Schrag, Masahiro Takeuchi, Yoshiaki Uyama, Lihui Zhao, Hicham Skali, Scott Solomon, Susanna Jacobus, Michael Hughes, Milton Packer, Lee-Jen Wei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

In a longitudinal clinical study to compare two groups, the primary end point is often the time to a specific event (eg, disease progression, death). The hazard ratio estimate is routinely used to empirically quantify the between-group difference under the assumption that the ratio of the two hazard functions is approximately constant over time. When this assumption is plausible, such a ratio estimate may capture the relative difference between two survival curves. However, the clinical meaning of such a ratio estimate is difficult, if not impossible, to interpret when the underlying proportional hazards assumption is violated (ie, the hazard ratio is not constant over time). Although this issue has been studied extensively and various alternatives to the hazard ratio estimator have been discussed in the statistical literature, such crucial information does not seem to have reached the broader community of health science researchers. In this article, we summarize several critical concerns regarding this conventional practice and discuss various well-known alternatives for quantifying the underlying differences between groups with respect to a time-to-event end point. The data from three recent cancer clinical trials, which reflect a variety of scenarios, are used throughout to illustrate our discussions. When there is not sufficient information about the profile of the between-group difference at the design stage of the study, we encourage practitioners to consider a prespecified, clinically meaningful, model-free measure for quantifying the difference and to use robust estimation procedures to draw primary inferences.