tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trade-offs in Using Indirect Sampling to Measure Conflict Violence
Authors: Romesh Silva, Megan Price
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethics in Clinical Practice
Authors: Eugene V. Boisaubin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Doing the right thing has never been so easy. Or, more correctly, helping people try to do the right thing has never been so popular. Certainly in the area of ethics in medicine, the last decade has seen a deluge of journals, texts, manuals, and newsletters offering us bearings for our moral compass, to try to make the best decisions for and with our patients. But have we reached a saturation point, where newer general texts may not add significantly to this new educational process? I think not yet. Ethics in medicine continues to grow astonishingly, in both complexity and new subject matter, and increasing numbers of health professionals, and institutions, correctly perceive not only the virtue, but the necessity of this discipline. <i>Ethics in Clinical Practice</i>, by Ahronheim, Moreno, and Zuckerman, is one of the new entries in this field. The authors, a physician, philosopher, and attorney, represent a
Antinuclear antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis.
Authors: J N Rosenberg, G D Johnson, E J Holborow
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Granulocyte-specific antinuclear antibodies (GS-ANA) were detected in the sera of 5 of 88 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in 7 of 52 cases of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but were not found in 91 patients with malignant or non-malignant chest disease nor in 25 cases of psoriasis. Organ non-specific ANA were present in serum from 6 cases of AS and 1 of PsA. None of the sera gave significant levels for soluble immune complexes as detected by a C1q-binding assay. The presence of antinuclear antibodies was not associated with clinical features or drug therapy in either AS or PsA.
Effect of Controlled Oxygen Therapy on Arterial Blood Gases in Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: D. A. Warrell, R. H. T. Edwards, S. Godfrey, N. L. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Seven patients in acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure were given 24.5% and later 28% oxygen through Ventimasks. The mean increases in arterial PO(2) were 11 and 21 mm. Hg while breathing 24.5% and 28% oxygen respectively compared with control values while breathing air. Associated increases in arterial PCO(2) were 4 and 8 mm. Hg, respectively. In five of the patients these increases in inspired oxygen concentration resulted in useful increases in tissue oxygen supply without significant deterioration in ventilation, but in two patients arterial PCO(2) rose excessively and artificial ventilation was required.
Grant recipients don't need to declare opposition to prostitution, rules Supreme Court
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The US government cannot require recipients of its grants or organizations it contracts with to declare their opposition to prostitution, because that would violate free speech as protected under the First Amendment of the US Constitution, the Supreme Court has said.

The issue arose when Congress reauthorized an international foreign assistance program that includes PEPFAR (the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief). It inserted language that prohibited funds going to activities that promoted prostitution and banned support for any organization “that does not have a policy explicitly opposing prostitution.”

Opponents of the provision argued that it was shortsighted. Prostitution …
The “Difficult Patient” Conundrum in Sickle Cell Disease in Kenya: Complex Sociopolitical Problems Need Wide Multidimensional Solutions
Authors: Vicki Marsh, George Mocamah, Emmanuel Mabibo, Francis Kombe, Thomas N. Williams
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

From our perspective, working on sickle cell disease (hereafter “sickle cell,” following Bergman and Diamond's lead in their target article) in a large and busy international health research progra...
A New Sedative (Antipsychomotor) Drug Useful in Labor
Authors: Bert B. Hershenson, Simon J. Isaac, Seymour L. Romney, Dungan E. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE ideal pharmacologic agent to manage the problem of pain relief in labor has yet to be developed. It should provide complete comfort for the mother and absolute safety for the baby without any essential alteration of the course of labor. The staff at the Boston Lying-in Hospital has taken an active interest in this problem for many years. Our most successful methods of obstetric amnesia and analgesia involve the use of limited amounts of barbiturates early in labor and scopolamine. However, this therapeutic regimen in about 5 to 10 per cent of cases may be associated with an undesirable . . .
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT OR ALEXIN
Authors: Michael Heidelberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. A quantitative micro method, conforming to the criteria of analytical chemistry, is proposed for the estimation of complement, or its combining component or components, in milligrams per milliliter instead of in the customary relative and variable volume units. 2. Data are given showing the range of accuracy and reproducibility of the new method.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF METABOLISM AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: RALPH H. MAJOR
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The cause of high blood pressure remains one of the most baffling problems in medicine. Ever since von Basch, in 1876, gave us a practical method of estimating blood pressure, every physician has been more or less interested in the subject of arterial hypertension. We have learned much about its frequency of occurrence, its varied symptomatology, its numerous complications and its association with many diseases. The critical student, however, must feel a sense of dissatisfaction with almost all the theories advanced to explain its genesis. High protein diets, excess of epinephrin in the circulation and disturbances in sodium chlorid metabolism have been suggested as possible causes of arterial hypertension. While there is some evidence that these substances may be concerned in the production of high blood pressure, it is interesting to note that Strouse<sup>1</sup>found high protein diets to be without effect on the blood pressure of hypertensive patients;
Versatile Photochemical Surface Modification of Biopolyester Microfibrous Scaffolds with Photogenerated Silver Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Davy‐Louis Versace, Julien Ramier, Daniel Grande, Samir Abbad Andaloussi, Pierre Dubot, Nelly Hobeika, Jean‐Pierre Malval, Jacques Lalevee, Estelle Renard, Valerie Langlois
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract A straightforward and versatile method for immobilizing macromolecules and silver nanoparticles on the surface of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBHV) electrospun fibers is developed with the objective of designing a new functional material having significant antibacterial activity. The approach relies on a two‐step procedure: UV photografting of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) on the surface of PHBHV fibers according to a “grafting from” method, and complexation of in situ photogenerated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by carboxyl groups from tethered PMAA chains. The photografting process is conducted through a photoinduced free‐radical process employing a ketone‐based photoinitiator in aqueous medium. Under appropriate conditions, the photogenerated radicals abstract hydrogen atoms from the PHBHV backbone, thus initiating the UV‐mediated photopolymerization of MAA from the PHBHV microfibrous surface. The photochemical mechanism of the ketone photolysis is entirely described by the electron spin resonance/spin‐trapping technique, and the modified PHBHV microfibrous scaffold is extensively characterized by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, water contact‐angle measurements, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. In a second step, the in situ synthesis of Ag NPs within the microfibrous scaffold is implemented by photoreduction reaction in the presence of both a silver precursor and a photosensitizer. The photoinduced formation of Ag NPs is confirmed by UV spectrophotometry and XPS analysis. SEM and TEM experiments confirm the formation and dispersion of Ag NPs on the surface of the modified fibers. Finally, a primary investigation is conducted to support the antibacterial activity of the new functionalized biomaterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli .
Modification of pIX or hexon based on fiberless Ad vectors is not effective for targeted Ad vectors
Authors: Shinnosuke Kurachi, Naoya Koizumi, Katsuhisa Tashiro, Haruna Sakurai, Fuminori Sakurai, Kenji Kawabata, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Matthias B. Schulze, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of specific abnormalities with insulin resistance as the underlying pathophysiological defect. Its clinical identification is based on measures of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure, and glucose intolerance (1). About one-fourth of U.S. adults have the metabolic syndrome, according to the criteria defined by the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (NCEP ATP III) (2). Given the continuing epidemic of overweight and obesity, it is likely that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome will continue to grow. The metabolic syndrome is a precursor to type 2 diabetes and a strong risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke (1).

The metabolic syndrome has been identified as a target for dietary therapies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk other than LDL cholesterol lowering by the NCEP ATP III (1). Although clear evidence from metabolic studies, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials supports the consumption of unsaturated fats from natural liquid vegetable oils and nuts at the expense of saturated and trans fats (rather than simply lowering total fat) in the treatment of various components of the metabolic syndrome (e.g., dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance) and in the prevention of CHD (3), the optimal types and amounts of carbohydrates in the diet remain controversial. It is now well established that low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets not only …
The Case for Generic Statins: Not If They Don’t Work So Well—Reply
Authors: Jonas B. Green
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
COHABITATION, COLON BACILLARY, URINARY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: J. SCHOLL
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Pyelonephritis with the colon bacillus as the infecting agent following attempts at coition, especially in newly married women, probably occurs with greater frequency than the scant literature of the subject would indicate. In 1897, in a comprehensive clinical and experimental review of infection of the urinary tract, Rovsing<sup>1</sup>reported three cases of young women, recently married, who immediately after tentative coitus had frequency, dysuria and pain in the renal area. The colon bacillus was isolated from the urine in all cases. Wildbolz,<sup>2</sup>in 1912, also called attention to cases of colon bacillus pyelitis occurring in newly married women which he attributed to an ascending infection starting from small wounds consecutive to rupture of the hymen. Sippel,<sup>3</sup>writing in the same year, says that he frequently observed similar cases, many of which are transient, being either overlooked or made evident only by symptoms of cystitis. Braasch<sup>4</sup>has
Taking equity seriously: A dilemma for government from allocating resources to primary care groups
Authors: G. Bevan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

General practitioner fundholding seemed to threaten equity of access to health care in the NHS in two ways: fundholders' patients have been treated more quickly than patients from non-fundholding practices in the same authority,1 2 3 and there are suspicions that fundholders have been funded more generously than have health authorities, who supply funds to non-fundholders.3 4 5 6 The new Labour government has now announced its intention of abolishing fundholding and has introduced policies that are intended to remedy both types of inequity.2 7 8 Because of endemic variations in medical practice, however, this is not possible—leaving the government on the horns of a dilemma over which type of equity it intends to achieve. It will have to choose either common waiting times or an equitable allocation of resources, and these choices have quite different policy implications. The NHS was created with the objective of reducing inequity,9 10 but this raises questions over which type of equity is being sought.11 The NHS reforms introduced two types of local insurers: general practitioner fundholders and health authorities.12 Fundholding seems to compromise two different types of equity: clinical equity, which is achieved when clinicians use only grounds of clinical priority to decide when patients are to be treated, and financial equity, which is achieved when local insurers within the NHS are allocated equal resources per capita, taking account of the relative risk of their populations. #### Summary points
The impact of pollen-related food allergens on pollen allergy
Authors: B. Bohle
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Patients with birch pollen allergy frequently develop hypersensitivity reactions to certain foods, e.g. apples, celery, carrots and hazelnuts. These reactions are mainly caused by IgE‐antibodies specific for the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, which cross‐react with homologous proteins in these foods. Analyzing the T‐cell response to Bet v 1‐related food allergens revealed that these dietary proteins contain several distinct T‐cell epitopes and activate Bet v 1‐specific T cells to proliferate and produce cytokines. Several of these cross‐reactive T‐cell epitopes were not destroyed by simulated gastrointestinal digestion of food allergens and stimulated Bet v 1‐specific T cells despite nonreactivity with IgE antibodies. Similarly, cooked food allergens did not elicit IgE‐mediated symptoms (oral allergy syndromes) but caused T‐cell‐mediated late‐phase reactions (deterioration of atopic eczema) in birch pollen‐allergic patients with atopic dermatitis because thermal processing affected their conformational structure and not the primary amino acid sequence. Thus, T‐cell cross‐reactivity between Bet v 1 and related food allergens occurs independently of IgE‐cross‐reactivity in vitro and in vivo . We speculate that symptom‐free consumption of pollen‐related food allergens may have implications for the pollen‐specific immune response of allergic individuals.
The Role of Anaerobic Metabolism in the Performance of Mild Muscular Work. I. Relationship to Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Output, and the Effect of Congestive Heart Failure1
Authors: William E. Huckabee, Walter E. Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Anaerobic energy-yielding processes in human tissues, as estimated from 02-debt, have been thought to be important in the exertions of ath- letics (1, 2) or of hard work (3).Recent studies (4) have suggested that the anaerobic metabolism induced by hypoxia plays a part in almost all activity, whether severe or mild, although mild activity may be associated with 02-debts too small to measure.Rather than an emergency mechanism, anaerobic metabolism may therefore be a part of the ordinary daily life of mammals.This anaerobic mechanism of energy supply is called forth by inadequacy of oxygen supply relative to tissue requirements, and the ability of the oxygen transport mechanisms to meet tissue demands may become the critical factor at specific levels of relative hypoxia (5).Therefore it seemed possible that in patients with diseases of the oxygen transport system (lungs, blood and circulation) tissue anaerobic metabolism might be even more important, and perhaps a significant determinant of physical disability.The older concept of 02-debt ( 6) is a static one largely because of the manner of its measure- ment, but it has contributed a great deal to the understanding of oxygen supply which could not be learned from blood flow and oxygen concen- trations alone.
Psychosomatic Practice and the Concept of Family Confrontation as Therapeutical Method
Authors: B. Luban-Plozza
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Psychosocial dynamics within the family are first touched upon. Relationships between brothers and sisters play a special part in this respect, as do other factors related to personality development. It is one of the special tasks of the general practitioner to be alert to the first signs of emotional disturbance, for he is in an ideal position to intervene before more serious symptoms of illness appear. The physician has to acquire a valid picture of the family unit, with its physical and psychological strengths and shortcomings. Continued flight from pressure of vital issues can lead to family neurosis in the long run. Then, the sick person is not really the carrier of disease in the traditional sense of germ or genetic consation. He is only a 'symptom' of a much more widely encompassing disease unit that has grasped a social cell like the family. Are we physicians and scientists in a position, as a consequence of our training, to see this possibihty, or are such modes of thinking to be left to special fields like medical sociology? The isolated, sick person can show signs derived from a disturbed family relationship, particularly through psychosomatic disorders. Our 'psychosomatic confrontation' therapeutical method is introduced.
Mechanisms of supersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines in the chronically denervated heart of the conscious dog.
Authors: D E Vatner, M Lavallee, J Amano, A Finizola, C J Homcy, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Mechanisms of denervation supersensitivity to sympathomimetic amines were studied in conscious animals. Norepinephrine, 0.1 micrograms/kg, increased left ventricular dP/dt significantly more (4208 +/- 828 mm Hg/sec) in dogs with cardiac denervation than in intact dogs (1029 +/- 280 mm Hg/sec), P less than 0.01, whereas responses to isoproterenol were similar in both groups. Denervation supersensitivity to isoproterenol could be demonstrated only after opposing reflex effects were blocked. After ganglionic blockade, norepinephrine still induced 2- to 3-fold greater increases in left ventricular dP/dt and 3- to 7-fold greater increases in heart rate in cardiac-denervated dogs, whereas isoproterenol and prenalterol, not taken up by presynaptic nerve endings, elicited only 40%-50% greater increases in left ventricular dP/dt and heart rate in dogs with cardiac denervation. The density of beta-adrenergic receptors [( 3H]dihydroalprenolol) was elevated (P less than 0.01) in denervated left ventricles (105 +/- 6.9 fmol/mg protein, n = 8) compared to normal left ventricles (70 +/- 6.3 fmol/mg protein, n = 12). This was accompanied by enhanced isoproterenol-mediated adenylate cyclase activity. However, muscarinic cholinergic receptor density, [( 3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate), decreased from control levels of 251 +/- 11 fmol/mg protein (n = 7) to 193 +/- 14 fmol/mg protein (n = 6). Thus, chronic cardiac denervation results in upregulation of the beta-adrenergic receptor and down-regulation of the muscarinic receptor. The increased beta-adrenergic receptor density and adenylate cyclase stimulation correlated well with the amount of denervation supersensitivity to isoproterenol and prenalterol, but accounted for only a minor fraction of denervation supersensitivity to norepinephrine. The major mechanism of denervation supersensitivity to norepinephrine appears to involve lack of the norepinephrine reuptake.
Determination of liver volume by the use of a gamma camera connected with 1600 or 4096 channel analyser in diffuse liver diseases.
Authors: M Fujii, T Mukai, T Yamamoto, G Wakisaka
Journal: Gut (1976)

A method of in vivo calculation of liver volume using a gamma camera and a 1600 or 4096 channel analyser is described. Topographically, the maximum thickness giving the highest counts in matrix data in the right anterior oblique projection is measured as the maximum breadth in the right posterior oblique projection. Then the total counts given by the liver can be transformed to the volume. The necropsy criteria indicated that the errors were between --11-9 +/- 14-7% in 13 cases by the use of 198Au-colloid. In 20 selected normal control subjects, the mean of measured liver volumes was 779 +/- 99 cm3/m2 of surface area. The volumetric calculation using 99mTc-Sn-colloid or 99mTc-phytate was compared with 198Au-colloid in the same patients. The results with 99mTc-Sn-colloid were well correlated with those with 198Au-colloid, but the results with 99mTc-phytate and 198Au-colloid were almost equal. It was concluded that, excluding rare severe cases of liver cirrhosis, liver volume can be measured with reasonable accuracy.
Candida vs Geotrichum
Authors: D. A. BERBERIAN
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In an article entitled GeotrichumSepticemia by Sheehy et al (235:1035, 1976), the fungus shown in Fig 1 through 3 was identified asGeotrichum. Geotrichumdoes not multiply by budding either in culture or in tissues. It produces rectangular arthrospores that on aging appear oval or round. The characteristic feature ofGeotrichumis its mode of sporulation, which is by fragmentation of the mycelium.1,2  In all three figures in the article by Sheehy et al, the fungus shows bud production and not arthrospores. The spores produced are, therefore, blastospores—characteristic spores ofCandidasp. The correct title of the article should have been CandidaSepticemia.