tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
YB-1 DNA-binding protein represses interferon gamma activation of class II major histocompatibility complex genes.
Authors: J P Ting, A Painter, N J Zeleznik-Le, G MacDonald, T M Moore, A Brown, B D Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is the most potent inducer of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. This induction is uniquely mediated by three DNA elements in the promoter region of class II MHC genes. One of these DNA elements, Y, contains an inverted CCAAT box. Previously, we have screened a lambda gt11 library for Y-binding proteins and identified the YB-1 gene. Here we provide evidence that YB-1 can repress the IFN-gamma induction of class II MHC promoter as well as the Invariant chain (Ii) gene which also contains a Y element in its promoter. This was demonstrated by cotransfecting a YB-1 expression vector with promoter-reporter gene constructs. As an alternate approach, an efficient transient transfection system was developed which resulted in a &amp;gt; 70% transfection efficiency. Transfection of YB-1 by this procedure resulted in the near abrogation of IFN-gamma induced HLA-DR antigen and mRNA expression. These findings show the functional suppression of class II MHC gene induction by the YB-1 protein.
Endotherapy for chronic pancreatitis with intracanalar stones
Authors: A. Maydeo, N. Soehendra, N. Reddy, S. Bhandari
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Endotherapy for pancreatic stone is an emerging specialty. The judicious application of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in selected groups of patients has increased the success rates of endotherapy, with excellent long-term results. In this review the authors share their vast experience of treating patients with pancreatic stones. The article will focus on the basic principles of pancreatic endotherapy, the instrumentation required, details of the ESWL technique and its applications, as well as the limitations, success rate, and complications of endotherapy in selected patients.
An academic nightmare: new policies on student loan deferment
Authors: M. H. DeLegge
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Magnesium Sulfate and Digitalis-Toxic Arrhythmias
Authors: John P. Sheehan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The report of Cohen and Kitzes 1 and subsequent correspondence 2 attributed the occurrence of idionodal tachycardia to digoxin toxicity in the presence of mid-normal therapeutic levels of digoxin, rather than to an intrinsic arrhythmogenic effect of magnesium deficiency. In the face of an arrhythmia known to occur in otherwise healthy persons and patients with various forms of cardiac disease, not to mention the associations of magnesium deficiency with both ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, I find it exceedingly difficult to attribute conclusively the arrhythmia to digoxin toxicity per se. I fully agree with the authors regarding the need for prompt correction of magnesium depletion with intramuscular (IM) or intravenous magnesium; however, I remain a little concerned about the author's dosage schedule and reliance on lymphocyte magnesium estimations as reliable markers of intracellular magnesium deficiency.  Personal experience 1 in treating 21 severely hypomagnesemic patients (mean serum magnesium level, 1.08
Plasticity and Stability of the Visual System in Human Achiasma
Authors: Michael B. Hoffmann, Falko R. Kaule, Netta Levin, Yoichiro Masuda, Anil Kumar, Irene Gottlob, Hiroshi Horiguchi, Robert F. Dougherty, Joerg Stadler, Barbara Wolynski, Oliver Speck, Martin Kanowski, Yaping J. Liao, Brian A. Wandell, Serge O. Dumoulin
Journal: Neuron (2012)
A Simplified Method for the Routine Determination of Effective Renal Plasma Flow
Authors: JOHN L. FLOYD, DONALD E. JACKSON, JIM M. THOMAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Quantitative renal data (i.e., glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow) often would be useful ancillary information when radionuclide renography is carried out. The added time, and therefore cost, of obtaining quantitative information might be the main reason a department does not routinely perform a quantitative study, although there is no added radiation or risk to the patient. To simplify the procedure for determining effective renal plasma flow with I-123 orthoiodohippurate (OIH), the published methodology was modified to eliminate the repetitive preparation of a standard solution. This allows the routine incision of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) determination in I-123 OIH renography with minimal impact on departmental operations.
SURGICAL DRAINAGE IN INFECTION OF THE LIVER, BILE DUCTS AND GALLBLADDER
Authors: ANDREW STEWART LOBINGIER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The pathology of the gallbladder has claimed a large interest in the life of the clinical surgeon. For obvious reasons, critical and terminal symptoms were those which made the earliest and most demanding claim. These urgent conditions were those associated with gallstones and their infective complexes—septic cholecystitis, cholangeitis, necrotic edema and perforation. As the pathology of the vermiform appendix was studied and more or less effectively dealt with, a singularly misleading analogy crept into the clinical discussion of the relative infective conditions found in the gallbladder and appendix. This seriously retarded the correct interpretation of the pathology of the gallbladder and its associated structures. It focused attention on a viscus whose source of infection, we were later to learn, might be quite remote from it. Through this error endless controversies have arisen, giving an exaggerated importance to an incidental and secondary infection, and overlooking the major and more important pathologic
Annual Rate of Transvenous Defibrillation Lead Defects in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Over a Period of &gt;10 Years
Authors: Thomas Kleemann, Torsten Becker, Klaus Doenges, Margit Vater, Jochen Senges, Steffen Schneider, Werner Saggau, Udo Weisse, Karlheinz Seidl
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The number of patients with longer follow-up after implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is increasing continuously. Defibrillation lead failure is a typical long-term complication. Therefore, the long-term reliability of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads has become an increasing concern. The aim of the present study was to assess the annual rate of transvenous defibrillation lead defects related to follow-up time after lead implantation. Methods and Results— A total of 990 consecutive patients who underwent first implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator between 1992 and May 2005 were analyzed. Median follow-up time was 934 days (interquartile range, 368 to 1870). Overall, 148 defibrillation leads (15%) failed during the follow-up. The estimated lead survival rates at 5 and 8 years after implantation were 85% and 60%, respectively. The annual failure rate increased progressively with time after implantation and reached 20% in 10-year-old leads ( P &lt;0.001). Lead defects affected newer as well as older models. Patients with lead defects were 3 years younger at implantation and more often female. Multiple lead implantation was associated with a trend to a higher rate of defibrillation lead defects ( P =0.06). The major lead complications were insulation defects (56%), lead fractures (12%), loss of ventricular capture (11%), abnormal lead impedance (10%), and sensing failure (10%). Conclusions— An increasing annual lead failure rate is noted primarily during long-term follow-up and reached 20% in 10-year-old leads. Patients with lead defects are younger and more often female.
Differential effects of angiotensin AT1and AT2receptors on the expression, translation and function of the Na+-H+exchanger and Na+-HCO3−symporter in the rat heart after myocardial infarction
Authors: Steffen Sandmann, Minghuan Yu, Elena Kaschina, Annegret Blume, Elena Bouzinova, Christian Aalkjaer, Thomas Unger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Did postoperative peg-interferon plus ribavirin really reduce recurrence of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: Gin-Ho Lo
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

I read with interest the article by Hsu et al. regarding the use of peg-interferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) to reduce postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.1 I would like to congratulate Dr. Hsu and his colleagues for their remarkable work to enroll 2,237 antiviral-naïve HCV-infected patients with curatively resected HCC to determine the benefits of "adjuvant therapy" with Peg-IFN plus RBV to reduce the recurrence of HCC. However, some points need clarification. The investigators adopted a case-control study matched for age, gender, and cirrhosis to compare Peg-IFN plus RBV-treated and RBV-untreated HCV-related HCC patients. Among 2,237 HCV patients with surgically resected HCC, only 239 (11%) patients received antiviral therapy. It is customary for clinicians to preclude patients with decompensated cirrhosis to receive antiviral regimen with IFN. Our previous study revealed that an appreciably high incidence of HCC may develop in HCV patients with successful management of variceal bleeding.2 As shown in the results, apart from antiviral therapy, age, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus (DM), and minor surgical resection were factors predictive of HCC recurrence. It appeared that more patients in the untreated patients group were older, with DM, and received minor resection. The severity of cirrhosis, such as Child- Pugh's class, history of ascites, variceal bleeding, bacterial infections, and complications of patients receiving Peg-IFN >16 weeks and <16 weeks, and frequency of sustained virological response (SVR) were not mentioned in this article. Thus, before we could draw a final conclusion, a well-matched comparison is required. A previous study demonstrated that an SVR to IFN/RBV reduced the incidence of HCC.3 Based on the current study, we could presume that only a small proportion of HCV-related, surgically resected HCC patients could be benefited from the institution of Peg-IFN plus RBV in terms of the reduction of HCC recurrence. Gin-Ho Lo, M.D. Department of Medical Research Digestive Center E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung I-Shou University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
1205 SVR-12 AMONG G1/4 TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS RECEIVING MERICITABINE IN COMBINATION WITH PEG-IFNa-2A/RBV: INTERIM ANALYSIS FROM THE JUMP-C STUDY
Authors: P. Pockros, D. Jensen, N. Tsai, R. Taylor, A. Ramji, C. Cooper, R. Dickson, A. Tice, R. Kulkarni, I. Najera, J. Vierling, J. Thommes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
As Nation Grows Older, Falls Become Greater Source of Fear, Injury, Death
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A 2-YEAR-OLD tips over on a bicycle. A skier takes a tumble on the slopes. A clown goes flying on a banana peel. But when an elderly person falls, the results may be more serious than a shed tear or a bruised ego and certainly are no laughing matter. Despite the frequency with which falls occur in the elderly and the significant morbidity and mortality they produce, relatively little is known about how and why people fall and even less is known about how to prevent them. But, encouraged by new federal funding, researchers from a number of fields are starting to investigate ways to prevent falls and consequent injuries in the elderly. Estimates of the annual incidence of falls in the elderly range from 20% to 40%. However, only 6% to 10% result in injury (<i>Arch Intern Med.</i>1989;149: 2217-2222), most commonly fractures, but also soft-tissue injuries, hematomas, lacerations,
Tumour markers in germ cell tumours.
Authors: S Metcalfe, W G Jones
Journal: BMJ (1986)

pyridoxine.56There is one published paper which showed that three out of eight subjects had an abnormal electroencephalogram eight -days after supplementation of pyridoxine 200 mg daily was stopped.7This study, performed in-1964, has been interpreted as showing that symptoms of dependency occur after withdrawal of pyridoxine treatment.These findings have not been reproduced, nor have practitioners with expenence of treating large series of patients with pyridoxine in doses of 20-150 mg encountered symptoms of dependency after cessation oftreatment (M Brush, personal communication).It is unfortunate that tables are modified for publication without the primary sources of reference being verified.This can result in un- substantiated effects being incorporated into published reports as fact, solely by virtue of repetition.
Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test.
Authors: E G Nabel, P Ganz, J B Gordon, R W Alexander, A P Selwyn
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Increased vascular constriction has been observed at the site of atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting an association between atherosclerosis and altered vascular tone. While atherosclerosis may increase sensitivity to exogenous vasoconstrictors, little is known about the response of normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries to an exogenous stimulus that excites the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, we studied the response to cold pressor test (CPT) using quantitative angiography and Doppler flow velocity measurements in eight patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries (group I), nine patients with mild coronary atherosclerosis (less than 50% diameter narrowing) (group II), and 13 patients with advanced coronary stenoses (greater than 50% diameter narrowing) (group III). In 31 segments of angiographically smooth arteries in group I, the CPT produced vasodilation from a control mean diameter of 2.68 +/- 0.09 (mean +/- SE) to 2.99 +/- 0.09 mm at peak CPT (p less than 0.001), a 12 +/- 1% increase in diameter. In group II, 27 irregular segments constricted to peak CPT from a mean control diameter of 1.82 +/- 0.12 to 1.66 +/- 0.12 mm (p less than .001), a 9 +/- 1% decrease, while 10 smooth segments dilated from a mean control diameter of 1.98 +/- 0.11 mm to 2.34 +/- 0.15 mm (p less than .01), a 19 +/- 2% increase in diameter. Likewise, in group III, the 17 stenotic segments constricted from 1.16 +/- 0.09 to 0.89 +/- 0.09 mm (p less than .001), a 24 +/- 6% decrease; the irregular segments also constricted from 2.44 +/- 0.11 to 2.22 +/- 0.12 mm (p = .002), a 10 +/- 2% decrease. In contrast, two smooth segments dilated from 2.98 to 3.23 mm (mean), an 8% increase in diameter. Coronary blood flow increased 65 +/- 4% (mean) during CPT in group I, it increased 15 +/- 6% in group II, and it decreased 39 +/- 8% in group III. The vasodilator response in four normal patients was partly inhibited by the administration of intracoronary propranolol (17 +/- 3% increase during control, 10 +/- 2% increase after propranolol, 41% less dilation; p = .002). We conclude that the response of normal coronary arteries to the CPT test is dilation, in part related to beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation and possibly flow-mediated endothelial dilation or alpha 2-adrenergic activity. The paradoxical vasoconstrictor response induced by atherosclerosis may represent altered catecholamine sensitivity and/or a defect in endothelial vasodilator function. The presence of atherosclerosis impairs vasodilator responses and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia.
Diagnosis of Malignant Pericardial Effusion During Dynamic Hepatic Scintigraphy
Authors: GARY F. GATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Three clinically unsuspected malignant pericardial effusions were discovered during routine dynamic hepatic scintigraphy. The only common clinical feature shared by the patients was dyspnea. Static scintigrams alone would not have detected these effusions, which points out again the importance of including dynamic scintigraphy in routine radionuclide evaluations of the liver.
ACUTE EFFECTS OF PASSIVE SMOKING ON SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND PULMONARY ARTERY STIFFNESS IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Mehmet Kaya, Ibrahim Ozdogru, Ibrahim Gul, Ali Dogan, Tugrul Inanc, Mikail Yarlioglues, Nihat Kalay, Mehtap Ozdogru, Ramazan Topsakal, Namik K. Eryol, Abdurrahman Oguzhan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Role of the University President in Governance of the Medical School
Authors: Sanford S. Atwood
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Undoubtedly, there are moments when any one of us would like to deny that a university president has any role whatsoever in the governance of a medical school. This feeling could prevail whether we are functioning as faculty, administrators, trustees, or public-at-large, although such doubting is of course, by tradition, the special prerogative of faculty members. On the other hand, we must assume the antithetical premise, and then try to determine how the president's role can be defined, limited, or even maximized. As a guide to reaching whatever consensus there may be on this subject, I will first ask and then propose answers to six questions. If you agree with my formulation of the questions and my tentative answers to them, at least we will be in tune with each other on some of the basic propositions related to present-day governance of medical schools and, therefore, in a better position
Electrical Fibrillation of the Human Heart
Authors: Roy Halpern
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ON Nov. 6, 1959, a 4-year-old girl was with her mother who was using an electric vacuum cleaner which was known to have a short circuit in it. The mother left the room for an estimated 30 seconds. Upon her return, the child was found on the floor, rigid, motionless, not breathing, and apparently dead. In this period the child had made contact between a wet mop and the vacuum cleaner which was turned on. The mother picked up the child, ran to the front door, and screamed for help. A neighbor who was standing near his car across the street quickly placed the child in the car, and in a matter of moments she was transported three city blocks to the office of a pediatrician. The interval between electrocution and arrival at the office, as estimated by the mother, was three to four minutes. The child took several agonal
Short- and long-term therapy with tocainide for malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Authors: S H Hohnloser, H W Lange, E A Raeder, P J Podrid, B Lown
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Tocainide was administered to 228 patients referred for treatment of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias that were refractory to therapy with conventional antiarrhythmic drugs. After baseline studies, 1200 to 2400 mg tocainide/day was given for 4 days. Tocainide was effective in 49% of 180 patients evaluated with monitoring and exercise testing and in 35% of 48 patients undergoing electrophysiologic testing. No clinical parameter predicted the response to tocainide, although there was a correlation with the effect of lidocaine. Tocainide was selected for long-term treatment in 73 patients who were followed for an average of 26.4 months (range 1 to 92 months). The incidence of sudden death was 4.3% per year and two patients had nonfatal recurrence of arrhythmia. It is concluded that tocainide is effective and well tolerated during long-term use if therapy is evaluated carefully and is individualized.
Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Joanie M. Baca, Joseph A. Chiara, Karen S. Strenge, Joren B. Keylock, Camtu L. Jones, Wayne J. Harsha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland2][3] Those that develop in the major salivary glands are found most frequently in the parotid gland. 2 In the largest case series to date, the incidence of SCC represented 1.1% of major salivary gland malignancies and 0.3% of all major salivary gland tumors. 4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] The presence of dense core granules on electron microscopy and various immunohistochemistry markers has helped identify the latter.In addition, a separate classification scheme of Merkel cell (MC) and pulmonary types, on the basis of expression of cytokeratin CK20, has also been proposed and may have prognostic significance. 4Neuron-specific enolase is a frequent marker reported in case reports of neuroendocrine differentiation [4][5][6]11,13,14,17,18 ; however, there are other more specific markers available, including synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and CD57.In this article, the authors present a single case of SCC of the parotid gland with diagnosis based on immunohistochemistry and imaging.The pathology, radiography, and therapeutic management are described.Case report: A 77-year-old man was referred to otolaryngology for concerns about a 6-week history of a nontender, rapidly enlarging mass in the left upper neck near the angle of the mandible.His past medical history was significant for smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years and squamous cell carcinoma of the vertex of the scalp 5 years prior; current status is after resection.He denied any recent weight loss, trismus, dysphagia, odynophagia, fever, chills, or night sweats.He did report dyspnea on exertion and a cough with occasional blood-tinged sputum for approximately 6 months.A physical examination of the neck revealed a firm, semifixed mass extending approximately 4 cm from the left mastoid tip inferiorly with an enlarged (Ͼ 2 cm) lymph node just anterior to it.There were no masses on the right side of the neck, and the thyroid was not enlarged.The head and neck examination, to include flexible nasolaryngoscopy, was otherwise normal.No lesions were present on the skin.Cranial nerves II through XII were intact.A fine-needle aspiration biopsy performed in the clinic showed malignant cells of uncertain origin.Magnetic resonant imaging demonstrated a predominantly T2-hyperintense, heterogeneously enhancing mass with lobular contours in the region of the parotid tail, measuring 3.7 ϫ 2.5 ϫ 5.3 cm, with possible extension outside the parotid capsule.The margins were not well defined.A single heterogeneously enhancing ipsilateral level IIA lymph node, measuring 2.5 ϫ 1.7 cm, was identified inferomedial to the mass.There were multiple ipsilateral level IIB lymph nodes and a single contralateral level V lymph node less than 1 cm with similar signal characteristics.