tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired stress and interleukin-1?-induced hypothalamic expression of the neuronal activation marker FOS in cholestatic rats
Authors: M G Swain, M Maric
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Both interleukin (IL)-1beta and psychological stress activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by stimulating neuronal activity within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus via different pathways. Because it has been shown previously that cholestatic rats show defective cytokine- and stress-induced HPA axis activation, neuronal activation in the paraventricular nucleus of rats with cholestasis caused by bile duct resection and in noncholestatic sham-resected (sham) controls was examined. To do this, the expression of the neuronal activation marker FOS in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of bile duct-resected (BDR) and sham rats exposed to restraint stress and intracerebroventricularly infused IL-1beta, two stimuli known to activate the HPA axis by stimulating neurons in the paraventricular nucleus, was quantitated. BDR rats showed decreased FOS expression in the paraventricular nucleus after both stimuli compared with similarly treated sham controls. These data show that BDR rats show an impaired ability to activate hypothalamic neurons within the paraventricular nucleus and suggest that hypofunctioning of the HPA axis in response to immune (i.e., IL-1beta) and psychological stressors, which have been documented previously for BDR rats, may be caused by a specific defect in the intracellular machinery involved in the activation of neurons within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
The Tender Touch of Triviality
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

"The people along the sand/All turn and look one way./They turn their back on the land./They look at the sea all day." These lines from Robert Frost's "Neither Out Far Nor in Deep" evoke images of people, who, satiated with mundane sights of the land, look to the sea for wider horizons and purer visions. Are they perchance trying to discern answers to eternal questions—life and mortality, permanence and evanescence, determination and free will—in the changing pattern of the waves or the ebb and flood of the tides? Before answering these questions, let us see if we can validate Frost's observation. Do people "along the sand," in fact, look at the sea all day? We rather doubt it. Strollers along the ocean sidewalk in Brighton or the boardwalk in Atlantic City will note that most of the benches along the sand are turned not toward the sea, but toward the
Synovectomy of the Wrist for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Paul R. Lipscomb
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It has been taught that the wrist is the key to the hand. In the correction of rheumatoid deformities of the hands, much attention has been directed to correction of deformities of the digits themselves and to those that result from tenosynovitis and rupture of tendons at the level of the wrist. It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate the importance of prevention and correction of concomitant deformities of the wrist. This usually can be accomplished by synovectomy and repositioning of the wrist after resection of the distal end of the ulna.  Several authors have written about resection of the distal end of the subluxed ulna, the Darrach operation, but the importance of synovectomy of the wrist has not been emphasized. 1-5 Others have condemned synovectomy of the wrist and some have advocated early arthrodesis. 6-8   In the years 1962, 1963, and 1964, I operated on the hands
Plasma Klotho is not related to kidney function and does not predict adverse outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sarah Seiler, Ming Wen, Heinz J. Roth, Michael Fehrenz, Franziska Flügge, Esther Herath, Anja Weihrauch, Danilo Fliser, Gunnar H. Heine
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Polymorphism of major histocompatibility complex extended haplotypes bearing HLA-DR3 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with gold induced thrombocytopenia or proteinuria.
Authors: D P Singal, B Reid, D Green, M D'Souza, W G Bensen, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The distribution of DR3 and of extended haplotypes bearing DR3 was studied in three groups of subjects: 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with gold induced thrombocytopenia or proteinuria, 185 patients with RA without these side effects, and 300 normal healthy controls. The extended haplotypes bearing DR3 were analysed with cDNA probes for DR alpha, DR beta, DQ alpha, and DQ beta genes. The data showed that the prevalence of DR3 was significantly higher in patients who developed gold induced thrombocytopenia or proteinuria than in normal controls or patients with RA without these side effects. Distribution of three extended haplotypes bearing DR3 (B8, DR3; B18,DR3; non-B8,non-B18,DR3) in patients with RA with thrombocytopenia or proteinuria was significantly different from that in normal controls, but not from that in patients with RA without these toxic reactions. Southern blot analysis of DR, DQ genes with cDNA probes showed that the extended haplotype bearing B8,DR3, which carries DQA2.1 and DQB2.1 genes, was present in a significantly higher proportion of patients with RA with gold induced thrombocytopenia or proteinuria (22/24, 92%) than in patients with RA without these side effects (32/45, 71%) or normal subjects (40/61, 66%). The data suggest that the genomic region on chromosome 6 involved in susceptibility to gold induced thrombocytopenia or proteinuria should be extended to the DQA2, DQB2 gene loci.
Hypnotic responding and self-deception
Authors: Irving Kirsch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

As understood by neodissociation and sociocognitive theorists, hypnotic responses are instances of self-deception. Neodissociation theory matches the strict definition of Sackeim and Gur (1978) and sociocognitive theory matches Mele's looser definition. Recent data indicate that many hypnotized individuals deceive themselves into holding conflicting beliefs without dissociating, but others convince themselves that the suggested state of affairs is true without simultaneously holding a contrary belief.
History and Molecular Genetics of Lynch Syndrome in Family G
Authors: Julie A. Douglas, Stephen B. Gruber, Karen A. Meister, Joseph Bonner, Patrice Watson, Anne J. Krush, Henry T. Lynch
Journal: JAMA (2005)

In 1895, Aldred Scott Warthin, MD, PhD, initiated one of the most thoroughly documented and longest cancer family histories ever recorded. The unusually high incidence and segregation of cancers of the colon, rectum, stomach, and endometrium in Dr Warthin's family G was later followed up by his colleagues, most recently by Henry Lynch, MD. Described today as a Lynch syndrome family, family G was last documented in 1971, prior to the modern era of molecular diagnostics.To update family G.Historical prospective cohort study of family G members from 1895 to 2000.The primary outcomes were the frequencies and types of cancers, ages at diagnosis, and presence of the T to G transversion at the splice acceptor site of exon 4 of the mutS homolog 2, colon cancer, nonpolyposis type 1 (E coli) (MSH2) gene in family G members. A secondary analysis compared cancer-specific incidence rates in family G with published national and regional cancer incidence rates through the standardized incidence ratio (SIR).Family G now has 929 known descendants of the original progenitor first reported in 1913. Cancers of the colon and rectum (SIR, 3.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.39-4.19) and endometrium (SIR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.92-5.89) continue to predominate in family G. Five of 40 tested members of family G carry the MSH2 T to G mutation; as a result, 15 of their living relatives are at increased risk of developing 1 or more colorectal or Lynch syndrome-associated cancers. In contrast, 97 living members of family G can now be excluded as mutation carriers.Within the last decade, molecular diagnostic testing has transformed the care of family G and other Lynch syndrome families in which a pathogenic mutation has been identified.
Central venous catheter complications in sickle cell disease
Authors: Michael R. Jeng, James Feusner, Christine Skibola, Elliott Vichinsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

A review of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and central venous catheters (CVCs) was performed to evaluate the frequency of catheter complications (infections, thrombotic events, and premature CVC removal. Fifteen evaluable patients were identified during our review of a 7.5-year period. The median age was 18 years (range, 1.5-30 years); 14 were African American, and 1 was Latino; 5 were male, and 10 were female. Forty-one CVCs were placed (36 Mediport and 5 Broviac catheters) for a total of 12,120 CVC days. We observed a median of 2 CVCs per patient (range, 1-8 CVCs per patient) with 67 discrete episodes of CVC-associated infection (range, 0-18 per patient) involving 10 patients. The rate of CVC-associated infection for patients with SCD at our institution was 5.5 infections per 1,000 CVC days; this rate was significantly higher than the rate of CVC-associated infection in our patients with cancer (P < 0.001). We also determined that the rate of CVC-associated thrombosis was 0.99 events per 1,000 CVC days and involved 33% of the patients with SCD; the rate of premature CVC removal was 3.15 per 1,000 CVC days, and 78% of CVCs were removed prematurely. We conclude that patients with SCD are at high risk for CVC-related complications, and improved care and close monitoring of CVCs should be encouraged to decrease morbidity in these chronically ill patients.
Clinical Use of Antidepressant Blood Levels and the Electrocardiogram
Authors: Carl Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The introduction of sensitive laboratory assays for the analysis of cyclic antidepressant blood levels more than 15 years ago promised a rational basis for drug treatment of serious depressive illness. Early studies demonstrated a linear or sigmoid relation between the blood level of imipramine and the therapeutic response. For nortriptyline, a curvilinear inverted U, the so-called therapeutic window, was established. In other studies of patients who had taken overdoses of antidepressants, blood levels also correlated well with cardiac toxicity: all patients with blood levels above 1000 ng per milliliter had a QRS of more than 100 msec. Unfortunately, in recent . . .
Chelation of cadmium.
Authors: O Andersen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The toxicity of cadmium is determined by chelation reactions: in vivo, Cd2+ exists exclusively in coordination complexes with biological ligands, or with administered chelating agents. The Cd2+ ion has some soft character, but it is not a typical soft ion. It has a high degree of polarizability, and its complexes with soft ligands have predominantly covalent bond characteristics. Cd2+ forms the most stable complexes with soft donor atoms (S much greater than N greater than 0). The coordination stereochemistry of Cd2+ is unusually varied, including coordination numbers from 2 to 8. Even though the Cd2+ ion is a d10 ion, disturbed coordination geometries are often seen. Generally, the stability of complexes increases with the number of coordination groups contributed by the ligand; consequently, complexes of Cd2+ with polydentate ligands containing SH groups are very stable. Cd2+ in metallothionein (MT) is coordinated with 4 thiolate groups, and the log stability constant is estimated to 25.5. Complexes between Cd2+ and low molecular weight monodentate or bidentate ligands, e.g., free amino acids (LMW-Cd), seem to exist very briefly, and Cd2+ is rapidly bound to high molecular weight proteins, mainly serum albumin. These complexes (HMW-Cd) are rapidly scavenged from blood, mainly by the liver, and Cd2+ is redistributed to MT. After about 1 day the Cd-MT complex (MT-Cd) almost exclusively accounts for the total retained dose of Cd2+, independent of the route of exposure. MT-Cd is slowly transferred to and accumulated in kidney cortex. The acute toxicity and interorgan distribution of parenterally administered Cd2+ are strongly influenced by preceding MT induction, or decreased capacity for MT synthesis; however, the gastrointestinal (GI) uptake of Cd2+ seems unaffected by preceding MT induction resulting in considerable capacity for Cd2+ chelation in intestinal mucosa, and this finding indicates that endogenous MT is not involved in Cd2+ absorption. The toxicity of parenterally administered Cd2+ is strongly enhanced when administered as complexes with NTA or STPP , but it is much decreased when administered as a complex with EDTA. In chronic oral exposure the toxicity and GI uptake of Cd2+ is not changed when Cd2+ is administered as a complex with the detergent formula chelating agents NTA, EDTA and STPP . The uptake of Cd2+ from ligated intestine in vivo was not affected by administration of Cd2+ as complexes with CYS or GSH, but significantly reduced by complexation with EDTA or BAL. The acute toxicity of orally administered Cd2+ is reduced when Cd2+ is administered as a complex with EDTA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Captains of an American Credo
Authors: Rodney B. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Who is Walt and where does he live? — W.O.With this terse telegraphic reply to a colleague's request for a consultation in 1886, William Osler began his relationship with Walt Whitman. That relationship was not an intimate one at first, nor did it develop much during the life of the poet. The physician and bibliophile was at the inflection point of his soaring course to fame when he first met the poet. The poet and wound-dresser was well past the height of his powers and had become a sort of professional invalid.1 In 1886, Walt Whitman was living largely . . .
The May-Hegglin Anomaly: An Inherited Thrombocytic and Neutrophilic Defect.
Authors: James W. Davis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The May-Hegglin Anomaly: An Inherited Thrombocytic and Neutrophilic Defect.James W. Davis, M.D. (Associate), Sloan J. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.James W. Davis, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Sloan J. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1164_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe May-Hegglin anomaly has been established as an inherited clinical entity on the basis of 28 patients reported by eight authors. It is characterized by mild hemorrhagic manifestations accompanied by the finding of giant platelets and inclusions (Döhle bodies) in the cytoplasm of leukocytes. Platelet values have been reported in only 15 subjects, 12 being thrombocytopenic. We have observed 14 subjects with the anomaly, and believe the additional data may lead to a clearer concept of the disease.The clinical and laboratory data are of interest. Hemorrhagic tendencies are mild. In one of our families, the following operations and injuries... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kansas City, Kansas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1164-1165KeywordsClinical laboratoriesCytoplasmPlateletsResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Real time assay of Aspergillus should be used in SARS patients receiving corticosteroids
Authors: Y. P. Wu
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—No consensus currently exists on treatment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Wong et al reported that all patients with SARS received broad spectrum antibiotics and a combination of ribavirin and prednisolone.1 Intravenous methylprednisolone at high dosage was used in patients with respiratory distress or progressive …
The Ectoenzyme E-NPP3 Negatively Regulates ATP-Dependent Chronic Allergic Responses by Basophils and Mast Cells
Authors: Shih Han Tsai, Makoto Kinoshita, Takashi Kusu, Hisako Kayama, Ryu Okumura, Kayo Ikeda, Yosuke Shimada, Akira Takeda, Soichiro Yoshikawa, Kazushige Obata-Ninomiya, Yosuke Kurashima, Shintaro Sato, Eiji Umemoto, Hiroshi Kiyono, Hajime Karasuyama, Kiyoshi Takeda
Journal: Immunity (2015)
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor controls androgen signaling and human prostate cancer progression
Authors: Ankur Sharma, Wen-Shuz Yeow, Adam Ertel, Ilsa Coleman, Nigel Clegg, Chellappagounder Thangavel, Colm Morrissey, Xiaotun Zhang, Clay E.S. Comstock, Agnieszka K. Witkiewicz, Leonard Gomella, Erik S. Knudsen, Peter S. Nelson, Karen E. Knudsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Retinoblastoma (RB; encoded by RB1) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently disrupted in tumorigenesis and acts in multiple cell types to suppress cell cycle progression. The role of RB in tumor progression, however, is poorly defined. Here, we have identified a critical role for RB in protecting against tumor progression through regulation of targets distinct from cell cycle control. In analyses of human prostate cancer samples, RB loss was infrequently observed in primary disease and was predominantly associated with transition to the incurable, castration-resistant state. Further analyses revealed that loss of the RB1 locus may be a major mechanism of RB disruption and that loss of RB function was associated with poor clinical outcome. Modeling of RB dysfunction in vitro and in vivo revealed that RB controlled nuclear receptor networks critical for tumor progression and that it did so via E2F transcription factor 1-mediated regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression and output. Through this pathway, RB depletion induced unchecked AR activity that underpinned therapeutic bypass and tumor progression. In agreement with these findings, disruption of the RB/E2F/nuclear receptor axis was frequently observed in the transition to therapy resistance in human disease. Together, these data reveal what we believe to be a new paradigm for RB function in controlling prostate tumor progression and lethal tumor phenotypes.
Medical students and the HJSC
Authors: D. S Amos, A. Brittleback, S. Bromley, D. Chang, N. Forenan, D. Hamilton-Fairley, T. Joseph, D. S Leeder, H. Lambert, C. Maloney, A Mott, E. O'Donnell, A. Prior, R. Read, M. Smithies, B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)
Effects of lidocaine on potassium, sodium, and water in ischaemic myocardium
Authors: S. K. ASOKAN, T. L. CREWS, P. E. CUNDEY, M. J. FRANK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Ventricular arrhythmias and mortality of acute experimental myocardial infarction were associated with myocardial K+ loss, Na+ gain, and water accumulation. Lidocaine at low doses was unable to correct arrhythmia or myocardial K+ loss. A high dose of lidocaine was effective in reducing mortality and arrhythmia, and an associated improvement in the electrolyte abnormality was seen.
Biodegradation of sorbed chemicals in soil.
Authors: K M Scow, S Fan, C Johnson, G M Ma
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Rates of biodegradation of sorbed chemicals are usually lower in soil than in aqueous systems, in part because sorption reduces the availability of the chemical to microorganisms. Biodegradation, sorption, and diffusion occur simultaneously and are tightly coupled. In soil, the rate of biodegradation is a function of a chemical's diffusion coefficient, sorption partition coefficient, the distance it must diffuse from the site of sorption to microbial populations that can degrade it, and its biodegradation rate constant. A model (DSB model) was developed that describes biodegradation of chemicals limited in the availability by sorption and diffusion. Different kinetics expressions describe biodegradation depending on whether the reaction is controlled by mass transfer (diffusion and sorption) or the intrinsic biodegradation rate, and whether biodegradation begins during or after the majority of sorption has occurred. We tested the hypothesis that there is a direct relationship between how strongly a chemical is sorbed and the chemical's biodegradation rate. In six soils with different organic carbon contents, there was no relationship between the extent or rate of biodegradation and the sorption partition coefficient for phenanthrene. Aging of phenanthrene residues in soil led to a substantial reduction in the rate of biodegradation compared to biodegradation rates of recently added phenanthrene. Considerable research has focused on identification and development of techniques for enhancing in situ biodegradation of sorbed chemicals. Development of such techniques, especially those involving inoculation with microbial strains, should consider physical mass transfer limitations and potential decreases in bioavailability over time.
Evidence to support RSV vaccination of the elderly?
Authors: T M A Wilkinson
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Walsh EE, Peterson DR, Falsey AR. Risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly persons. J Infect Dis2004;189:233–8. [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] RSV is an important respiratory pathogen in infants. There is increasing evidence that it also plays a significant role in seasonal morbidity of the elderly and those with underlying cardiopulmonary disease. This study followed two “at risk” populations for up to two winter seasons: a cohort of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BInfect%2BDis%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1086%252F380907%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14722887%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=jinfdis&resid=189/2/233&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F6%2F511.1.atom
Authors' reply to getting more for their dollar: Kaiser v the NHS
Authors: R. G A Feachem
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Our paper comparing the NHS with Kaiser Permanente has generated lively interest and, on the whole, a constructive debate. 1 2 Discerning commentators have noted that further refinement of the data and the analysis (which we strongly advocate) is unlikely to change the basic conclusions. These are that Kaiser Permanente offers improved performance at roughly the same cost and that, therefore, there are probably lessons to be learnt that would benefit the future performance of the NHS. We have further noted from the extensive debate that has followed the publication of …
Child health surveillance lists.
Authors: A. Evans, N. Maskrey, P. Nolan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

between subjects with Alzheimer's disease, subjects with multi-infarct dementia, and controls (identified clinically with the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association3 and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ThirdEdition, Revised (DSM-III-R).4We found that magnetic resonance imaging had a blind agreement with clinical diagnosis in 14 (61%) of 23 cases, and single photon emission tomography in 24 (77%) of 31 cases.5Furthermore, all 22 subjects with dementia tolerated single photon emission tomography whereas six were unable to tolerate magnetic resonance imaging.For single photon emission tomography we used a gammacamera with three detectors with a total acquisition time of only 15 minutes.It thus seems that single photon emission tomo- graphy with hexamethylpropyleneamineaxime labelledwithtechnetium-99misnotonlyaclinically useful tool separating these disorders but the procedure best tolerated by elderly and demented subjects.