tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synergism of BSF-2/interleukin 6 and interleukin 3 on development of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors in serum-free culture.
Authors: K Koike, T Nakahata, M Takagi, T Kobayashi, A Ishiguro, K Tsuji, K Naganuma, A Okano, Y Akiyama, T Akabane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We investigated the effects of B cell stimulatory factor 2/interleukin 6 (BSF-2/IL-6) on the development of murine hemopoietic progenitors using serum-containing culture and serum-free culture. In serum-containing culture, BSF-2 mainly supported multipotential blast cell colonies from spleen cells of normal and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated mice. In serum-free culture, no colony growth was seen in the presence of BSF-2. Addition of BSF-2 to the serum-free culture containing IL-3 resulted in a significant increase in the number of colonies formed from multipotential progenitors in spleen cells and bone marrow cells of 5-FU-treated mice, whereas no effects were seen on the number of single or oligolineage colonies formed by the spleen cells of normal mice. These results suggested that BSF-2 and IL-3 act synergistically on the multipotential progenitors but not on the maturer progenitors. When BSF-2 was added to a culture containing low concentrations of IL-3 (1 U/ml, 4 U/ml), which had little effect on colony formation, the number of total colonies formed by the spleen cells and bone marrow cells of 5-FU-treated mice increased significantly. The combination of BSF-2 and 40 U/ml of IL-3 resulted in a significant enlargement of GMM colonies. Thus, BSF-2 appears to enhance the sensitivity of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors to IL-3.
Marjorie Bernelle Thumpston (née Curties)
Authors: Alison J Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former locum consultant cytologist Southend General Hospital (b Rangoon, Burma, 1914; q Rangoon 1937; DCH), died from Alzheimer's disease on 6 September 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Following clinical experience in Rangoon, Bernelle took a job at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital. One of the first women commissioned into the Royal Army Medical Corps, she developed an interest in sexually transmitted infections and also served in Belgium. On leaving active service she combined raising a family with locum general practitioner posts in Essex and helping to set up family planning clinics in Southend-on-Sea. Her family planning work and concern with women's welfare led to an interest in cervical cytology. She leaves a husband, Neil; four children; and eight grandchildren.
A piece of my mind. The peach
Authors: K. Fahey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expansion and Molecular Evolution of the Interferon-Induced 2′–5′ Oligoadenylate Synthetase Gene Family
Authors: Sudhir Kumar, Chandra Mitnik, Graziela Valente, Georgia Floyd-Smith
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

The mammalian 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetases (2′–5′OASs) are enzymes that are crucial in the interferon-induced antiviral response. They catalyze the polymerization of ATP into 2′–5′-linked oligoadenylates which activate a constitutively expressed latent endonuclease, RNaseL, to block viral replication at the level of mRNA degradation. A molecular evolutionary analysis of available OAS sequences suggests that the vertebrate genes are members of a multigene family with its roots in the early history of tetrapods. The modern mammalian 2′–5′OAS genes underwent successive gene duplication events resulting in three size classes of enzymes, containing one, two, or three homologous domains. Expansion of the OAS gene family occurred by whole-gene duplications to increase gene content and by domain couplings to produce the multidomain genes. Evolutionary analyses show that the 2′–5′OAS genes in rodents underwent gene duplications as recently as 11 MYA and predict the existence of additional undiscovered OAS genes in mammals.
Genome-Wide Patterns of Expression in Drosophila Pure Species and Hybrid Males. II. Examination of Multiple-Species Hybridizations, Platforms, and Life Cycle Stages
Authors: Amanda J. Moehring, Katherine C. Teeter, Mohamed A. F. Noor
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Species often produce sterile hybrids early in their evolutionary divergence, and some evidence suggests that hybrid sterility may be associated with deviations or disruptions in gene expression. In support of this idea, many studies have shown that a high proportion of male-biased genes are underexpressed, compared with non-sex-biased genes, in sterile F1 male hybrids of Drosophila species. In this study, we examined and compared patterns of misexpression in sterile F1 male hybrids of Drosophila simulans and 2 of its sibling species, Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila sechellia, at both the larval and adult life stages. We analyzed hybrids using both commercial Drosophila melanogaster microarrays and arrays we developed from reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions of spermatogenesis and reproduction-related transcripts from these species (sperm array). Although the majority of misexpressed transcripts were underexpressed, a disproportionate number of the overexpressed transcripts were located on the X chromosome. We detected a high overlap in the genes misexpressed between the 2 species pairs, and our sperm array was better at detecting such misexpression than the D. melanogaster array, suggesting possible weaknesses in the use of an array designed from another species. We found only minimal misexpression in the larval samples with the sperm array, suggesting that disruptions in spermatogenesis occur after this life stage. Further study of these misexpressed loci may allow us to identify precisely where disruptions in the spermatogenesis pathway occur.
Unnatural History: Breast Cancer and American Society
Authors: Eleni Linos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 August 2008Unnatural History: Breast Cancer and American SocietyEleni Linos, MD, MPH, DrPHEleni Linos, MD, MPH, DrPHFrom Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Aronowitz RA. 378 pages. New York: Cambridge Univ Pr; 2007. $35.96. ISBN 9780521822497. Order at www.cambridge.org.Field of medicine: History of medicine and oncology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Anyone interested in the social and medical history of breast cancer. The book is accessible to clinicians, scientists, and patients.Purpose: To describe some of the key changes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment from both the personal and population-level perspectives.Content: In this compassionate and thought-provoking book, Aronowitz narrates the evolution of Western medicine, including developments in surgery, genetics, epidemiology, and patient–physician interactions. He presents the challenging therapeutic and screening decisions ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 3Page: 220KeywordsBreast cancerCancer treatmentFearGenetic epidemiologyHistory of medicineMedical risk factorsPrevention, policy, and public healthScientistsSoftware toolsSurgery ePublished: 5 August 2008 Issue Published: 5 August 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Comprehensive care and HIV prophylaxis after sexual assault in rural South Africa: the Refentse intervention study
Authors: J. C Kim, I. Askew, L. Muvhango, N. Dwane, T. Abramsky, S. Jan, E. Ntlemo, J. Chege, C. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Problem</b> Although international guidelines specify the central role of the health sector in providing comprehensive care, including HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), after sexual assault, in both industrialised and developing countries there are many challenges to providing timely and comprehensive services. <b>Design</b> A nurse driven model of post-rape care was integrated into existing hospital services; the before and after study design evaluated impacts on quality of care, reviewing 334 hospital charts and conducting interviews with 16 service providers and 109 patients. <b>Setting</b> 450 bed district hospital in rural South Africa. <b>Key measures for improvement</b> Quality of care after rape (forensic history and examination, provision of emergency contraception, prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections, referrals); provision of HIV counselling and testing and provision and completion of full 28 day course of PEP; and service utilisation (number of service providers seen on first visit and number of rape cases presenting to hospital per month). <b>Strategies for change</b> After completing baseline research, we introduced a five part intervention model, consisting of a sexual violence advisory committee, hospital rape management policy, training workshop for service providers, designated examining room, and community awareness campaigns. <b>Effect of change</b> Existing services were fragmented and of poor quality. After the intervention, there were considerable improvements in clinical history and examination, pregnancy testing, emergency contraception, prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections; HIV counselling and testing, PEP, trauma counselling, and referrals. Completion of the 28 day course of PEP drugs increased from 20% to 58%. <b>Lessons learnt</b> It is possible to improve the quality of care after sexual assault, including HIV prophylaxis, within a rural South African hospital at modest cost, using existing staff. With additional training, nurses can become the primary providers of this care.
Penicillin induced Haemolytic Anaemia
Authors: J. M. White, D. L. Brown, G. W. Hepner, S. M. Worlledge
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The case histories of two patients with penicillin-induced haemolytic anaemia are presented. One had received 20 mega units a day for 18 days, the other had received 20 mega units a day for two days and then 12 mega units a day for 25 days, before the haemolytic anaemia was diagnosed. Both had previously had courses of penicillin. A strongly positive direct antiglobulin reaction which appeared to be mainly due to IgG antibody was one of the main diagnostic features, and free IgG antipenicillin antibody was found in the serum of both patients. The haemolysis appeared to Lessen as soon as the drug was stopped, and the direct antiglobulin test became negative in 66-77 days.Twelve additional reported cases are reviewed. All had received high doses of penicillin and all had had penicillin previously. The lowest dose recorded was 10 mega units a day for 26 days. The incidence of anti-penicillin antibodies in a hospital population is given, and the mechanism of this type of haemolytic anaemia is discussed. Penicillin-induced haemolytic anaemia should be suspected in any patient receiving penicillin in high doses in whom there is a fall in the haemoglobin level.
Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Frank M. Sacks, Alice Lichtenstein, Linda Van Horn, William Harris, Penny Kris-Etherton, Mary Winston
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Soy protein and isoflavones (phytoestrogens) have gained considerable attention for their potential role in improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This scientific advisory assesses the more recent work published on soy protein and its component isoflavones. In the majority of 22 randomized trials, isolated soy protein with isoflavones, as compared with milk or other proteins, decreased LDL cholesterol concentrations; the average effect was &amp;3%. This reduction is very small relative to the large amount of soy protein tested in these studies, averaging 50 g, about half the usual total daily protein intake. No significant effects on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), or blood pressure were evident. Among 19 studies of soy isoflavones, the average effect on LDL cholesterol and other lipid risk factors was nil. Soy protein and isoflavones have not been shown to lessen vasomotor symptoms of menopause, and results are mixed with regard to soy’s ability to slow postmenopausal bone loss. The efficacy and safety of soy isoflavones for preventing or treating cancer of the breast, endometrium, and prostate are not established; evidence from clinical trials is meager and cautionary with regard to a possible adverse effect. For this reason, use of isoflavone supplements in food or pills is not recommended. Thus, earlier research indicating that soy protein has clinically important favorable effects as compared with other proteins has not been confirmed. In contrast, many soy products should be beneficial to cardiovascular and overall health because of their high content of polyunsaturated fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals and low content of saturated fat.
Sharing care data could save lives of vulnerable children, hospital leader says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Data sharing in the NHS in England could save the lives of vulnerable young children and other patients and should not be delayed by concerns over privacy and confidentiality, the head of a leading children’s hospital has claimed.

Sarah-Jane Marsh, chief executive of Birmingham’s Children’s Hospital, said that too much emphasis was placed on the perceived risks of implementing initiatives such as the government’s national care.data scheme, rather than the “potentially enormous” risks to patient safety that could occur from not sharing data.

NHS …
THE APPEARANCE OF A HEPATOTROPHIC VIRUS IN MICE THYMECTOMIZED AT BIRTH
Authors: June East, Delphine M. V. Parrott, Frederick C. Chesterman, Ariela Pomerance
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Inbred (C57BL; C3H/Bi), hybrid (C57BL x C3H/Bi), and outbred (TO) mice thymectomized within 24 hours of birth develop wasting symptoms and die prematurely and a proportion of these animals have pathological changes in the liver. The incidence of the liver lesions varies according to the strain of mice used and the lesions tend to occur in animals dying comparatively late. These lesions were shown, by passage of tissue suspensions and of cell-free liver extracts, to be due to a hepatotrophic virus probably mouse hepatitis virus-1 (MHV-1). The part played by the hepatotrophic virus in the premature death of thymectomized mice is discussed but, although neonatal thymectomy apparently alters a normally stable host-virus relationship, it is not thought that the virus is primarily responsible for the death of its host. The role of this virus in the production of the physical wasting is also considered to be problematic.
Adoptive transfer of effector CD8+ T cells derived from central memory cells establishes persistent T cell memory in primates
Authors: Carolina Berger, Michael C. Jensen, Peter M. Lansdorp, Mike Gough, Carole Elliott, Stanley R. Riddell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells that have been expanded ex vivo is being actively pursued to treat infections and malignancy in humans. The T cell populations that are available for adoptive immunotherapy include both effector memory and central memory cells, and these differ in phenotype, function, and homing. The efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy requires that transferred T cells persist in vivo, but identifying T cells that can reproducibly survive in vivo after they have been numerically expanded by in vitro culture has proven difficult. Here we show that in macaques, antigen-specific CD8+ T cell clones derived from central memory T cells, but not effector memory T cells, persisted long-term in vivo, reacquired phenotypic and functional properties of memory T cells, and occupied memory T cell niches. These results demonstrate that clonally derived CD8+ T cells isolated from central memory T cells are distinct from those derived from effector memory T cells and retain an intrinsic capacity that enables them to survive after adoptive transfer and revert to the memory cell pool. These results could have significant implications for the selection of T cells to expand or to engineer for adoptive immunotherapy of human infections or malignancy.
Capture and transfer of HIV-1 particles by mature dendritic cells converges with the exosome-dissemination pathway
Authors: Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Mar Naranjo-Gómez, Jacob Archer, Steven C. Hatch, Itziar Erkizia, Julià Blanco, Francesc E. Borràs, Maria Carmen Puertas, John H. Connor, Maria Teresa Fernández-Figueras, Landon Moore, Bonaventura Clotet, Suryaram Gummuluru, Javier Martinez-Picado
Journal: Blood (2008)
Studies of a hypomorphic variant of human C3
Authors: Chester A. Alper, Fred S. Rosen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

A hypomorphic electrophoretic variant of C3 with the mobility of C3 F was found in the serum of a healthy man, his mother, and one of his two sons. Serum C3 concentrations were normal in these subjects as were hemolytic complement levels. Metabolic studies with radiolabeled purified C3 FF and C3 SS in the propositus suggested, but did not prove, that the variant C3 F gene was hyposynthetic. The designation C3 f was therefore proposed for this allele.
Review: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements do not reduce major cardiovascular events in adults
Authors: Donald A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E, Kostapanos MS, Elisaf MS. Association between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk of major cardiovascular disease events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;308:1024-33. 22968891
Truncal vs Selective Gastric Vagotomy
Authors: Iain E. Gillespie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

There is much circumstantial evidence that excessive vagal activity is an etiologic factor in the majority of chronic duodenal ulcers — hence the popularity of vagotomy as a rational operation for this disorder. Although adequate vagotomy allows most ulcers to heal, and reduces gastric secretion, it does not necessarily follow that excessive vagal stimulation has been directly responsible for the ulcer in the first place. It is well known that vagal denervation not only abolishes the interdigestive secretion of the stomach but also reduces the responsiveness of the gastric secretory cells to various stimuli, and it therefore is also theoretically . . .
On Death from Chloroform
Authors: T. Green
Journal: BMJ (1872)

DEATHS from chloroform have lately been more frequent than at any former period.If this death-rate continue, the public and the profes- sion may consider this agent, with all its benefits, to be, after all, a fatal boon.When inquests have been held in such cases, the public are in- formed that "all the usual means were tried, and failed"; and with this information thev must rest satisfied.But there are others deeply concerned, who require more than this-namely, the profession at large, who may be called on any day to administer this deadly agent.They have a right to have before them a full and precise account of everything that happened-the manner in which the anmesthetic was given, the symptoms which preceded death, and the way in which death occurred; a precise account of the remedies used, and when and how they were used.The profession ought to know what was done and what was not done, not from mere scientific curiosity, but as a guide to enable them to be prepared beforehand to use at once those means which experience has found successful in similar cases, so as to avoid the panic and confusion which prevail when those around are not prepared for the fatal event, and thus not to lose precious moments at a time when life literally hangs on seconds.The remarks which have been made in the BRITISH MIEDICAL JOURNAL (October 5th), state most truly what is required from those wlho have to do with a fatal case of chloroform: " We hold it to be the serious duty of every practitioner, in whose practice a case of death under the influence of chloroform occurs, to place on record all the details."Recent events imperatively call on the profession most carefully and impartially to receive everything in the way of prevention, and to strain every thought, so as to lessen, if possible, this heavy mortality from chloro- form.This is the more necessary, as there is reason to fear the exis- ence of a feeling in the minds of some that a given proportion of deaths must follow the use of chloroform (say I in 2,500, as stated by Dr. Richardson).This feeling may extend so far as to lead to the conclusion that a death must now and then occur; and, the proportion being so small, and the benefit so great, that no heavy calamity happens in an occasional death.Some may so think ; but I feel assured that they constitute a minority in the profession, and that the majority look upon these so-called accidents as calamities which ought to be by all possible means averted.It cannot also fail to be observed that some change has taken place in the manner of reporting these cases in the medical journals.