tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SCREENING FOR ARRHYTHMOGENIC MYOCARDIAL SUBSTRATE BY 12-LEAD ECG QRS SCORE, QRS-T ANGLE, LATE POTENTIALS AND T-WAVE ALTERNANS
Authors: Nathan Mewton, Patricia Rizzi, David Strauss, Richard L. Verrier, Bruce Nearing, Larisa Tereshchenko, John Moxley, Francis E. Marchlinsky, Katherine C. Wu, Tony Killian, Chia Ying Liu, Christopher Cox, Peter M. Spooner, Joao AC Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Doctors in India and Pakistan campaign against nuclear war
Authors: None Shamim-ur-Rahman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Doctors in India and Pakistan are campaigning against the threat of nuclear war between the two countries.

The campaigns have been spearheaded by the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) and its affiliates, and the group has sent a letter to the Indian prime minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and the Pakistani president, Pervez Musharraf.

The letter warns that the countries' nuclear arsenals are “capable of destroying …
Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by Flexible Endoscopy and Polypectomy: A Case-Control Study of 32 702 Veterans
Authors: Astrid D. Muller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine whether patients with colorectal cancer are less likely than unaffected controls to have had one or more endoscopic procedures (flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or polypectomy) before being diagnosed with cancer. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Hospitals of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Patients: 8722 and 7629 case-patients with colon and rectal cancer, respectively, and age-, sex-, race-matched controls who were discharged at the same time as the corresponding case-patients. Measurements: Number and type of endoscopic procedures of the large bowel done from 1981 until the development of colorectal cancer in each case-patient. The influence of endoscopic procedures on the development of colorectal cancer was tested by conditional multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with controls, patients with colorectal cancer were less likely to have had an endoscopic procedure of the large bowel before being diagnosed with cancer (odds ratio for colon cancer, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.58]; odds ratio for rectal cancer, 0.55 [CI, 0.47 to 0.64]). In patients who had flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and polypectomy, the odds ratios were even smaller. When analyzed by separate 1-year intervals, patients with cancer had significantly fewer procedures during periods of up to 6 years before the onset of their cancer. Similarly, fewer inpatient and outpatient procedures were done in patients than in controls. Conclusions: Endoscopic procedures of the large bowel reduce the risk for developing colon and rectal cancer by 50%, their protective influence lasting 6 years.
Anti-edema action of formoterol in rat trachea does not depend on capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves.
Authors: I Sulakvelidze, D M McDonald
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The beta 2-adrenergic agonist formoterol has been shown to inhibit plasma extravasation in the respiratory mucosa associated with neurogenic inflammation as well as that caused by histamine or bradykinin. It is unknown whether these effects of formoterol are mediated through an action of sensory nerves or through a direct effect on the leaky blood vessels. In the present study we sought to determine whether capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves are essential for the anti-edema effect of formoterol in the rat trachea. Substance P (5 micrograms/kg), PAF (hexadecyl-PAF, 5 micrograms/kg), or bradykinin (10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously to increase vascular permeability. The amount of plasma extravasation was measured with two tracers, Evans blue dye and Monastral blue pigment. The effectiveness of formoterol's anti-edema action was assessed in two groups of rats. One was pretreated with capsaicin to eliminate tachykinin-containing sensory nerves and another, the control group, was not pretreated. We found that in control rats formoterol inhibited to a similar extent the extravasation of Evans blue and Monastral blue caused by all three mediators. The highest intravenous dose of formoterol (10 micrograms/kg) reduced substance P-induced extravasation of Monastral blue by 59%, reduced PAF-induced extravasation by 74%, and reduced bradykinin-induced extravasation by 58%. Pretreatment of rats with a dose of capsaicin that eliminated at least 94% of the substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers did not significantly reduce the effectiveness of formoterol against any of the mediators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GASTRIC HODGKIN'S DISEASE
Authors: W. Ross Morris
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Hodgkin's disease is one of unknown causation. It is a disease of lymphoid tissues usually affecting the lymph nodes primarily; it also involves the spleen, liver, and, in varying degrees, the lymphatic and reticular structure of almost any organ of the body. It may occur at any age, although it is rare in infancy and old age. In Hodgkin's disease the stomach is involved only infrequently; however, cases have been reported in which the disease was thought to have its origin in the stomach. Such a case may be the so-called isolated gastric Hodgkin's disease, in which there is apparently no involvement other than in the stomach. This is rare indeed. There may be gastric involvement secondary to involvement elsewhere, as in the spleen. Although this is rare it is encountered more frequently than the isolated form. Such a case is reported in this paper with a consideration of the
Occupational activity and osteoarthritis of the knee.
Authors: C Cooper, T McAlindon, D Coggon, P Egger, P Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To test the hypothesis that specific occupational physical activities are risk factors for knee osteoarthritis (OA).A population-based case-control study of knee osteoarthritis was carried out in which 109 men and women with painful, radiographically confirmed knee OA were compared with 218 age and sex matched controls who had not suffered knee pain and had normal radiographs. Information collected included a lifetime occupational history and details of specific workplace physical activities.After adjustment for obesity and Heberden's nodes, the risk of knee OA was significantly elevated in subjects whose main job entailed more than 30 minutes per day squatting (OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.8-26.4) or kneeling (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.3-9.1), or climbing more than ten flights of stairs per day (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-6.1). The increase in risk associated with kneeling or squatting appeared to be more marked in subjects whose jobs entailed heavy lifting, but the size of the study did not permit precise delineation of any such interaction.These data suggest that prolonged or repeated knee bending is a risk factor for knee OA, and that risk may be higher in jobs which entail both knee bending and mechanical loading.
Congenital heart disease and prenatal exposure to exogenous sex hormones.
Authors: D T Janerich, J M Dugan, S J Standfast, L Strite
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Background</h3> Mental health issues have been reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, comparison to prevalence in uninfected individuals and contribution from common risk factors (eg, obesity and comorbidities) have not been examined. We identified how COVID-19 relates to mental health in the large community-based COVID Symptom Study. <h3>Methods</h3> We assessed anxiety and depression symptoms using two validated questionnaires in 413148 individuals between February and April 2021; 26998 had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We adjusted for physical and mental prepandemic comorbidities, body mass index (BMI), age and sex. <h3>Findings</h3> Overall, 26.4% of participants met screening criteria for general anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression were slightly more prevalent in previously SARS-CoV-2-positive (30.4%) vs SARS-CoV-2-negative (26.1%) individuals. This association was small compared with the effect of an unhealthy BMI and the presence of other comorbidities, and not evident in younger participants (≤40 years). Findings were robust to multiple sensitivity analyses. Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anxiety and depression was stronger in individuals with recent (&lt;30 days) versus more distant (&gt;120 days) infection, suggesting a short-term effect. <h3>Interpretation</h3> A small association was identified between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anxiety and depression symptoms. The proportion meeting criteria for self-reported anxiety and depression disorders is only slightly higher than prepandemic.
Registries for Robust Evidence
Authors: Nancy A. Dreyer, Sarah Garner
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Depressing Mitochondria-Reticulum Interactions Protects Cardiomyocytes From Lethal Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury
Authors: Melanie Paillard, Emily Tubbs, Pierre-Alain Thiebaut, Ludovic Gomez, Jeremy Fauconnier, Claire Crola Da Silva, Geoffrey Teixeira, Nathan Mewton, Elise Belaidi, Annie Durand, Maryline Abrial, Alain Lacampagne, Jennifer Rieusset, Michel Ovize
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Under physiological conditions, Ca(2+) transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria might occur at least in part at contact points between the 2 organelles and involves the VDAC1/Grp75/IP3R1 complex. Accumulation of Ca(2+) into the mitochondrial matrix may activate the mitochondrial chaperone cyclophilin D (CypD) and trigger permeability transition pore opening, whose role in ischemia/reperfusion injury is well recognized. We questioned here whether the transfer of Ca(2+) from ER to mitochondria might play a role in cardiomyocyte death after hypoxia-reoxygenation.We report that CypD interacts with the VDAC1/Grp75/IP3R1 complex in cardiomyocytes. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CypD in both H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and adult cardiomyocytes decreased the Ca(2+) transfer from ER to mitochondria through IP3R under normoxic conditions. During hypoxia-reoxygenation, the interaction between CypD and the IP3R1 Ca(2+) channeling complex increased concomitantly with mitochondrial Ca(2+) content. Inhibition of either CypD, IP3R1, or Grp75 decreased protein interaction within the complex, attenuated mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, and protected cells from hypoxia-reoxygenation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CypD provided a similar effect in adult mice cardiomyocytes. Disruption of ER-mitochondria interaction via the downregulation of Mfn2 similarly reduced the interaction between CypD and the IP3R1 complex and protected against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.Our data (1) point to a new role of CypD at the ER-mitochondria interface and (2) suggest that decreasing ER-mitochondria interaction at reperfusion can protect cardiomyocytes against lethal reperfusion injury through the reduction of mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload via the CypD/VDAC1/Grp75/IP3R1 complex.
REPORT OF A CASE OF PRIMARY TUBERCULOSIS OF FAUCIAL TONSILS
Authors: T. E. Oertel
Journal: JAMA (1918)

While tuberculosis is a very prevalent disease affecting practically all the tissues of the human body, being especially frequent in the glandular system, it is less often or seldom found as a primary infection of the faucial tonsils. The following case occurred in the otolaryngologic service of the base hospital at Camp Logan, Texas. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —W. H. F., a well nourished and developed white male nurse of German nationality, aged 26, stated that two years before, for a period of six months, he had had charge of a tuberculous ward in a general hospital for soldiers, located in Wisconsin. The patients in his charge had principally advanced cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. He had been away from the hospital for one year. The family history was negative. In December, 1917, he had had an attack of tonsillitis of a type unknown to him, lasting about two weeks. He
NOD2-mediated dysbiosis predisposes mice to transmissible colitis and colorectal cancer
Authors: Aurélie Couturier-Maillard, Thomas Secher, Ateequr Rehman, Sylvain Normand, Adèle De Arcangelis, Robert Haesler, Ludovic Huot, Teddy Grandjean, Aude Bressenot, Anne Delanoye-Crespin, Olivier Gaillot, Stefan Schreiber, Yves Lemoine, Bernhard Ryffel, David Hot, Gabriel Nùñez, Grace Chen, Philip Rosenstiel, Mathias Chamaillard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Instability in the composition of gut bacterial communities (dysbiosis) has been linked to common human intestinal disorders, such as Crohn’s disease and colorectal cancer. Here, we show that dysbiosis caused by Nod2 deficiency gives rise to a reversible, communicable risk of colitis and colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice. Loss of either Nod2 or RIP2 resulted in a proinflammatory microenvironment that enhanced epithelial dysplasia following chemically induced injury. The condition could be improved by treatment with antibiotics or an anti–interleukin-6 receptor–neutralizing antibody. Genotype-dependent disease risk was communicable via maternally transmitted microbiota in both Nod2-deficient and WT hosts. Furthermore, reciprocal microbiota transplantation reduced disease risk in Nod2-deficient mice and led to long-term changes in intestinal microbial communities. Conversely, disease risk was enhanced in WT hosts that were recolonized with dysbiotic fecal microbiota from Nod2-deficient mice. Thus, we demonstrated that licensing of dysbiotic microbiota is a critical component of disease risk. Our results demonstrate that NOD2 has an unexpected role in shaping a protective assembly of gut bacterial communities and suggest that manipulation of dysbiosis is a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of human intestinal disorders.
Hearing loss in workers exposed to carbon disulfide and noise.
Authors: Shu-Ju Chang, Tung-Sheng Shih, Tzu-Chieh Chou, Chiou-Jong Chen, Ho-Yuan Chang, Fung-Chang Sung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Simultaneous exposure to carbon disulfide and noise may have a combined effect on hearing impairment. In this study we investigated hearing loss in 131 men with exposure to noise [80-91 A-weighted decibels; dB(A)] and CS(2) (1.6-20.1 ppm) in a viscose rayon plant. These men were compared with 105 men in the adhesive tape and electronic industries who were exposed to noise only and with 110 men employed in the administrative office of the rayon plant who were exposed to low noise and no CS(2). We conducted interviews to obtain sociodemographic information and exposure assessments, and we performed physical examinations, including hearing tests. Results showed that the prevalence of hearing loss of > 25 dB hearing loss (dBHL) in rayon workers (67.9%) was much higher than that in administrative workers (23.6%) and in the adhesive tape and electronic industrial workers (32.4%). Hearing loss occurred mainly for speech frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz. When the CS(2) exposure was measured by the product of CS(2 )exposure level and employment years, the adjusted odds ratios of hearing loss of > 25 dBHL in rayon workers, compared with administrative workers, were 3.8 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-9.4] for those with the exposure of 37-214 year-ppm, 14.2 (95% CI, 4.4-45.9) with 215-453 year-ppm exposure, and 70.3 (95% CI, 8.7-569.7) with exposure of > 453 year-ppm. The study suggests that CS(2) exposure enhances human hearing loss in a noisy environment and mainly affects hearing in lower frequencies.
AMERICAN GYNECOLOGICAL SOCIETY
Authors: Henry C. Coe
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EVERY-DAY PROBLEMS IN INFANT FEEDING.
Authors: HENRY ENOS TULEY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The every-day problems in infant feeding are many and complex, requiring careful study and observation of the individual infant. The necessity for a close watching of the feeding of infants, both while at the breast and when artificially fed, can not be too strongly emphasized. While, as a general rule, it may be stated the ideal food is a healthy breast milk, this is not always the case, for not infrequently a mother has an abundant supply but secretes a milk which is unsuited to the needs of her own baby. These cases, however, are the exception, and it is infrequent that we find an unsuitable breast milk which can not be changed by suitable remedial measures, hence I can not refrain from saying a word against the unnatural mother who refuses to nurse her infant from purely selfish reasons, that she may have more time for society or pleasure.
The distribution of mucosal antibodies in the bowel of patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: F H Green, H Fox
Journal: Gut (1975)

Specimens of intestine from 24 patients with histologically proven Crohn's disease have been studies by an immunofluorescent technique for the distribution of immunoglobulins A, G, M, E, and D. A marked reduction of IgA in lymphoid and epithelial cells was noted in those areas of the bowel which, although histologically affected, were not ulcerated; in the histologically unaffected areas of the bowel the distribution of IgA was similar to that found in control sections of normal bowel. There was an increase in IG7 in the affected areas but the numbers of lymphoid cells staining for IgD did not differ from those found in normal controls; in 12 cases of Crohn's disease, however, IgG appeared to be present in bound form on the surface of, and in, the epithelial cells. It is postulated that the local deficiency in IgA in the affected areas may be secondary to a local cell-mediated immune reaction, to a focal metaplasia of the surface epithelium, or to patchy bindings of anticolon antibodies to the surface epithelium. The effect of this local deficiency of IgA will be to allow for an increased focal entry of antigenic material into the bowel wall, and it is suggested that many of the pathological features of Crohn's disease are explicable on the basis of deep penetration of a variety of antigens.
A double‐blind group comparative study of ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate, 2% four times daily and 4% twice daily, in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: M. Leino, P. Montan, F. Njå
Journal: Allergy (1994)

In a multicenter, double‐blind, single‐dummy, group‐comparative study, 169 patients received ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate 2% four times daily, and 170 patients received 4% ophthalmic sodium cromoglycate twice daily, together with placebo eye‐drops twice daily, for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) to birch pollen. The treatment period was 4 weeks during the birch pollen season. Daily pollen counts were used to identify the peak 14‐d period. Clinical examinations were made before the start of treatment, after 1 week of treatment, and at the end of the treatment period. Patients kept daily diary record cards of eye symptom severity and concomitant therapy. Symptoms were generally mild and, except for chemosis (week 4) and soreness (weeks 2 and 3), which were less in the 4% group (P0.05), no significant treatment differences were seen for symptoms or for antihistamine rescue therapy. Both treatments were considered to be very or moderately effective by more than 90% of patients, and no treatment differences occurred in either clinicians’ or patients’ opinions of efficacy. The results indicate that the use of 4% sodium cromoglycate eye‐drops twice daily is as effective and well tolerated as 2% sodium cromoglycate four times daily in the treatment of birch‐pollen conjunctivitis.
Greater use of fibrinolytic agents urged
Authors: John Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The thrombolytic agents urokinase and streptokinase are safe and more effective than traditional anticoagulants in treating deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in carefully selected patients, a panel of experts convened by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has concluded.  In an official statement following a two-day NIH consensus development conference on fibrinolytic therapy held earlier this spring, the panel members agreed that the risk of uncontrolled bleeding that has been associated with the two drugs is actually far less than was indicated by the original clinical trials. In addition, the long-term benefits of streptokinase and urokinase make them far superior to heparin sodium in most cases.  In urging that the two drugs be used more often, the consensus panel, headed by Sol Sherry, MD, chairman of the Department of Medicine at Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, was attempting to overcome a marked hesitance on the part of clinicians to
Developing testable theories of brain dynamics: The global mode theory and experimental falsification
Authors: J. J. Wright
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The development of theories of global cortical dynamics, using linear wave theory, owes much to the pioneering work of Nunez. His work leads to clear predictions on relations of brain size, axonal conduction velocity, and the frequencies of the cerebral rhythms. These predictions do not appear to be fulfilled, but their falsification constrains the range of parameters applicable in further formulations.