tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients with atrial fibrillation have nearly twice the risk of stroke in first 30 days of starting warfarin
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients with atrial fibrillation have nearly twice the risk of stroke in the first 30 days of starting warfarin than those who don’t take warfarin, after which their relative risk decreases, shows a new analysis of data from more than 70 000 patients in a UK general practice database.1

The researchers analysed data from the UK clinical practice research database Datalink, the world’s largest primary care database, from 70 766 patients who were given a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation between 1 January 1993 …
OC-088 Prospective Pilot Study to Investigate Transcutaneous Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Faecal Incontinence
Authors: G Thomas, C Norton, R J Nicholls, C Vaizey
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an effective treatment for faecal incontinence (FI). However it is expensive, it requires two operations and has a risk of infection, implant migration and pain. Transcutaneous SNS is non-invasive and cheap. Only one small study has previously reported its use for FI. The aim of this study is to further assess the efficacy of transcutaneous SNS for FI. <h3>Methods</h3> Recruited patients self-administered transcutaneous SNS for 12 hours a day, over four weeks. A two week bowel diary was kept for the final two weeks and compared to baseline. St Marks FI scores, a visual analogue scale assessing satisfaction with bowel habit, Rockwood FI QOL scores and SF-36 QOL scores were obtained. <h3>Results</h3> Ten patients were recruited. Two achieved complete continence. There were significant reductions in the frequency of FI episodes per week, 9.5 (7.5) to 3 (7.38); p = 0.03, and in the frequency of defecation per week, 25.5 (19.5) to 14.5 (14.9); p = 0.007. There was a significant improvement in the ability to defer defecation (1(1.25) to 4.5 (4.5) minutes, p = 0.02). There was a significant improvement in the St Marks FI score, 20 (5.25) to 14.5 (8.0); p = 0.01. There was a significant improvement in the bowel habit satisfaction visual analogue scale 8.5 (20) to 45 (33); p = 0.008. There were no significant changes in the Rockwood FI QOL score, or in the SF-36 QOL score. No complications were reported. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Transcutaneous SNS appears to be an effective and safe treatment for FI. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Long-Term Stable Correction of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice With a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector Expressing the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
Authors: Kazuhiro Oka, Lucio Pastore, In-Hoo Kim, Aksam Merched, Shuichi Nomura, Hye-Jeong Lee, Maria Merched-Sauvage, Celeste Arden-Riley, Brendan Lee, Milton Finegold, Arthur Beaudet, Lawrence Chan
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that results from LDL receptor (LDLR) deficiency affects ≈1 in 500 persons in the heterozygous state and ≈1 in 1 million persons in the homozygous state. We tested a novel gene therapy strategy for the treatment of FH in a mouse model. Methods and Results —We delivered the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) to the liver of LDLR-deficient mice and compared the effect of a helper-dependent adenoviral vector with all viral coding sequences deleted (HD-Ad-mVLDLR) with a first-generation vector (FG-Ad-mVLDLR), an HD-Ad (HD-Ad-0) that contained no expression cassette, and dialysis buffer (DB). A single intravenous injection of HD-Ad-mVLDLR led to a lowering of plasma cholesterol that lasted ≥6 months. Acute liver toxicity (as measured with liver enzyme elevation) occurred after FG-Ad-mVLDLR but not after HD-Ad-mVLDLR, HD-Ad-0, or DB treatment. At 6 months, VLDLR was detected in the liver with Western blotting and with immunofluorescence staining only in HD-Ad-mVLDLR–treated mice. Aortic atherosclerosis was almost completely prevented in these animals. Conclusions —HD-Ad–mediated intravenous delivery of VLDLR to hepatocytes is well tolerated. It produces long-term lowering of plasma cholesterol and prevents atherosclerosis development in LDLR-deficient mice. These data provide support for the feasibility and safety of this approach for therapy of human subjects.
Endobronchial metastasis in breast cancer.
Authors: R E Albertini, N L Ekberg
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Ten patients with endobronchial metastasis from primary breast cancer were found among 1200 fibreoptic bronchoscopies. Six of these patients had radiological signs suggesting bronchial obstruction. The diagnosis was verified in nine cases by means of bronchoscopic biopsy or cytology and in one by thoracotomy. Endobronchial metastasis should be considered when symptoms or chest films suggest endobronchial disease in a patient with a history of breast cancer.
Radical Approaches: Is Widespread Testing and Treatment for Oxidative Injuries Coming Soon?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

FREE RADICALS are overtaking more than the lipids, proteins, and DNA contained in human cells. Just a few years ago, these molecular Jack the Rippers were largely the purview of chemists and biochemists. But now that their expansive role in human disease is being acknowledged in clinical medicine, research scientists and physicians are clamoring to know more. How can their presence in the body be detected? Once their destructive reactions begin, can they be stopped? Once their damage has been done, can it be repaired? Is the havoc they wreak preventable? When will widespread diagnosis and treatment become available? Some of the answers have yet to be determined. Emerging data and theories were discussed recently in Buffalo, NY, at the first international symposium on the topic, Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine: A Systems Approach to Laboratory Technology, Clinical Correlations, and Antioxidant Therapy. The meeting was sponsored by the State University
Transepidermal water loss.
Authors: F. R. Bettley, K. Grice
Journal: BMJ (1968)

mOURNAL prevent the escape of gas.An enema admini- stered in the supine position may occasionally force fluid into the loop, but gas will be un- able to escape.In the early stages of the obstruction, peristaltic contractions in the gut proximal to the distended loop may also have a similar effect.However, if the patient is placed in the prone position the fluid-gas A) relationship will be reversed, thereby provid- ing a more favourable situation for the escape of gas from the distended loop.In a small number of patients a simple enema administered in the prone position has been successful in relieving a colonic volvulus, and it would certainly seem worth trying this pro- cedure in the early stage of a suspected volvulus.Moreover, this simple technique is also applicable to volvulus of the splenic flexure, which is out of reach of the sigmoido- scope.-Iam, etc.,
Absence of Intercapillary Glomerulosclerosis in the Diabetic Patient with Hemochromatosis
Authors: Peggy Lonergan, Stanley L. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE genesis of the Kimmelstiel–Wilson lesion and, for that matter, of all the vascular lesions in diabetes mellitus is not understood. It is unclear whether the pathogenesis of the vascular changes is intimately connected to the carbohydrate defect, or whether there is a dissociation of the two. As Ricketts1 has put it, there are three possibilities: vascular disease may cause diabetes; diabetes may cause vascular disease; some common factor may cause both the diabetes and the changes in the blood vessels.Dolger2 more or less concurs in this last view by stating that arteriosclerosis, hypertension and diabetes may have a . . .
Changing Concepts of Myocardial Diseases
Authors: Thomas W. Mattingly
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The an initial concept of disease of the myocardium as well as the subsequent changes in concepts have been closely related to the availability of diagnostic and research tools, to periodic advancements in general scientific knowledge, and to the development of technics whereby this knowledge could be applied to medicine. The beginning of the 19th century has been selected as the starting point of this discussion as concepts existing prior to that period were in most part based on theory and fantasy. <h3>Period 1800 to 1900</h3> In the year 1800, all the physician had to aid him in his recognition and study of heart disease besides his eyes and hands was the crude stethoscope as introduced by Laennac, and simple light microscopy. Bacteriology and immunology were nonexistent, and knowledge of biochemistry and physiology were very meager. The prevailing clinical concept of heart disease was that there were two basic types
Countertransference Resistances in the Supervisory Situation
Authors: RICHARD B. LOWER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

In his attempts to avoid teaching problems and diagnose learning problems in the supervisory situation, the supervisor must strive to be aware of the effects of his own unconscious attitudes on the learning alliance. The author discusses some countertransference responses occurring in supervision that derive from: 1) general personality characteristics of the supervisor, 2) conflicts within the supervisor that are reactivated by the supervisory situations, 3) transference reactions to the individual therapist, and 4) counterreactions to the therapist's transference to the supervisor.
Preparation for Medical School and Recruitment of Candidates
Authors: Herrman L. Blumgart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

AT a centennial symposium on education it is pertinent to note that Harrington,1 in his history of the Harvard Medical School, stated that "The newly opened City Hospital was offered to the School in 1864 (School spelled unmistakably with a capital 'S'), as a place of instruction for medical students."Although the ravages of the Civil War had just swept through the land, tranquillity encircled the problem of admission of Harvard medical students. Indeed, a problem can hardly be said to have existed, for the so-called "Statutes of the Medical School" stated with New England simplicity that "Students of Medicine . . .
Psychiatrist resigns after second patient is charged with murder
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A consultant psychiatrist who was criticised three months ago by an independent inquiry examining the release of a paranoid schizophrenic patient who later killed his stepfather has resigned after another released patient was arrested and charged with murder.

Norman Harvey, a consultant at the Waterlow unit of the Whittington Hospital in north London, was suspended pending an internal investigation into the care and release of Tolga Kurter. He resigned three weeks ago. Mr Kurter, aged 19, from Islington, north …
Risk of recurrent gastric cancer after endoscopic resection with a positive lateral margin
Authors: Masau Sekiguchi, Haruhisa Suzuki, Ichiro Oda, Seiichiro Abe, Satoru Nonaka, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Shigeki Sekine, Ryoji Kushima, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

After noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for differentiated-type early gastric cancer (EGC), close observation is often preferred when a cancer-positive lateral margin is the only noncurative factor. However, sometimes recurrence is found during the observation period. This study aimed to examine risk factors for recurrent cancer based on the long-term clinical outcomes after noncurative ESD in which the only noncurative factor was a cancer-positive lateral margin.Among 3784 EGCs (3316 patients) treated by ESD between 1997 and 2010, 77 noncurative differentiated-type EGCs (75 patients) were retrospectively analyzed after meeting the following inclusion criteria: 1) the only noncurative factor was a cancer-positive lateral margin; 2) close observation was selected after the ESD; and 3) > 1 year follow-up after ESD.Locally recurrent cancer was found in 10 lesions within a median follow-up period of 59.8 months; no metastasis or gastric cancer-related death occurred. The cumulative incidence of local recurrence 5 years after ESD was 11.9 %. All locally recurrent cancers were mucosal differentiated-type adenocarcinomas. Multivariate analysis indicated that a cancer-positive lateral margin length of ≥ 6 mm was significantly associated with local recurrence (hazard ratio 20.8; 95 % confidence interval 5.2 % - 82.9 %; P < 0.001). The cut-off value of 6 mm was determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve; the sensitivity and specificity for 5-year risk of developing local recurrence were 66.7 % and 95.6 %, respectively.A cancer-positive lateral margin length of ≥ 6 mm was an independent risk factor for local recurrence, and this may be a useful criterion for selecting high-risk cases for stricter management.
150 Antiviral therapy of patients with decompensated cirrhosis to prevent hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: E. Martínez-Bauer, J.A. Carrión, S. Ramírez, A. Massaguer, J.C. García-Valdecasas, J.M. Sánchez-Tapias, X. Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Doctors, contraception, and sterilisation.
Authors: A R Hill
Journal: BMJ (1976)

dietary anaemia.She previously had a history of vague epigastric pain after meals.Her condition generally deteriorated and nausea and anorexia became predominant symptoms.Four days after admission to a geriatric unit she vomited 70 plastic matrices of her Ferrogradumet C tablets, with immediate relief of her symptoms.
895 THE INFLUENCE OF AGE AND GENDER IN THE BIOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF IDIOSYNCRATIC LIVER INJURY
Authors: M.I. Lucena, R.J. Andrade, Y. Borraz, E. Ulzurrun, G. Pelaez, J.A. Duran, M. Villar, L. Rodrigo, M. Romero-Gomez, A. Madrazo, R. Planas, S. Blanco, J.M. Navarro, A. Castiella, F.J. Rodriguez-Gonzalez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
TRPA1 induced in sensory neurons contributes to cold hyperalgesia after inflammation and nerve injury
Authors: K. Obata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Cold hyperalgesia is a well-documented symptom of inflammatory and neuropathic pain; however, the underlying mechanisms of this enhanced sensitivity to cold are poorly understood. A subset of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels mediates thermosensation and is expressed in sensory tissues, such as nociceptors and skin. Here we report that the pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 in primary sensory neurons reversed cold hyperalgesia caused by inflammation and nerve injury. Inflammation and nerve injury increased TRPA1, but not TRPM8, expression in tyrosine kinase A-expressing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Intrathecal administration of anti-nerve growth factor (anti-NGF), p38 MAPK inhibitor, or TRPA1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide decreased the induction of TRPA1 and suppressed inflammation- and nerve injury-induced cold hyperalgesia. Conversely, intrathecal injection of NGF, but not glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, increased TRPA1 in DRG neurons through the p38 MAPK pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that an NGF-induced TRPA1 increase in sensory neurons via p38 activation is necessary for cold hyperalgesia. Thus, blocking TRPA1 in sensory neurons might provide a fruitful strategy for treating cold hyperalgesia caused by inflammation and nerve damage.
Diazepam Suppresses Sleep Apneas in Rats
Authors: DAVID W. CARLEY, SINISA M. TRBOVIC, MIODRAG RADULOVACKI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To test the respiratory effects of benzodiazepines in an established animal model of central apnea, we administered nonhypnotic and hypnotic doses of diazepam to nine adult male Sprague-Dawley rats chronically instrumented for sleep staging. In random order on separate days, rats were recorded following intraperitoneal injection of: (1) saline; (2) 0.05 mg/kg diazepam; or (3) 5 mg/kg diazepam. Normalized inspiratory minute ventilation increased significantly during wakefulness and non–rapid eye movement (non–REM) sleep following each dose of diazepam (p < 0.003 in each case) and following the highest dose during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (p = 0.01). In accord with this respiratory stimulation, non–REM-related spontaneous and post-sigh apnea expression decreased following each dose of diazepam (p = 0.006 to 0.04), but REM-related apnea expression was unaffected despite significant respiratory stimulation. The durations of non–REM and REM sleep were unaffected by the low dose, but following 5 mg/kg of diazepam non–REM sleep was increased (p = 0.03) and REM sleep was decreased (p = 0.009). We conclude that both hypnotic and non-hypnotic doses of benzodiazepines may be associated with suppression of sleep-related central apnea. We further conclude that non–REM and REM-related apneas arise from at least partially distinct mechanisms.
Researchers, Funding, and Priorities
Authors: Hamilton Moses
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Traumatic synovitis in a classical guitarist: a study of joint laxity.
Authors: H A Bird, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

A classical guitarist performing for at least 5 hours each day developed a traumatic synovitis at the left wrist joint that was first erroneously considered to be rheumatoid arthritis.Comparison with members of the same guitar class suggested that unusual joint laxity of the fingers and wrist, probably inherited from the patient's father, was of more importance in the aetiology of the synovitis than a wide range of movement acquired by regular practice.Hyper- extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the left index finger, quantified by the hyperextenso- meter, was less marked in the guitarists than in 100 normal individuals.This may be attributed to greater muscular control of the fingers.Lateral instability in the loaded joint may be the most important factor in the aetiology of traumatic synovitis.
Somatic mutations at the glycophorin A (GPA) locus measured in red cells of Chernobyl liquidators who immigrated to Israel.
Authors: V Y Wishkerman, M R Quastel, A Douvdevani, J R Goldsmith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Glycophorin A (GPA) assays for human erythrocytes with gene expression loss and duplication phenotypes (NO, NN) were carried out on 15 Chernobyl clean-up workers (liquidators) who immigrated to Israel within the preceding 5 years, 19 local Israeli controls, and 14 Russian (nonliquidator) immigrants. GPA phenotype variants in red blood cells of the 15 liquidators showed values ranging from 1 to 101 events/10(6) cells, with a mean +/- SD of 25.6 +/- 7.0. In comparison, the 19 Israeli controls had values ranging from 0 to 13 GPA events per 10(6) cells, with a mean +/- SD of 3.9 +/- 0.8. The difference was highly significant (p < 0.001). Another group of 14 volunteer control subjects (nonliquidators) who had emigrated from the former Soviet Union to Israel during the past 5 years showed values ranging from 0.0 to 35.0 events per 10(6) cells, with a mean +/- SD of 6.1 +/- 2.7. The difference between this group and the liquidator group was significant at p < 0.01. The results are compatible with past exposure to radiation in the group identified as liquidators.
High frequency, high resolution B-scan ultrasound in the assessment of skin tumours
Authors: C.C. HARLAND, J.C. BAMBER, B.A. GUSTERSON, P.S. MORTIMER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Sixteen skin tumours and one BCG vaccination granuloma were examined by 20-MHz B-scan ultrasound. Images were compared with closely matched histological sections of excised lesions. The correlation between histology and ultrasound was excellent for maximum tumour depth measurements (r=0.96, P<0.0001), but less good for maximum width (r=0.84, P<0.0001) because of the elastic contraction of tissue at excision. Architectural detail of lesions on histological sections corresponded well with that on ultrasound images. There was a good correlation for heterogeneity (collagen distribution vs. echo pattern (r=0.86, P<0.0001)), and between collagen content and echogenicity of lesions (r=0.69, P<0.003), Strong correlations were also obtained for echogenicity vs. spacing of collagen bundles (r=−0.65, P<0.005), echogenicity vs. collagen bundle size (r=0.58, P<0.02), and echogenicity vs. cellularity (r=−0.68, P<0.003). Results for dermatofibroma were atypical, due to paradoxical low internal echogenicity and increased echo absorption. B-scanning is a reliable non-invasive method for assessing tumour dimensions, and has potential for the study of tumour characteristics for diagnostic purposes.
Decreased Prevalence of Trichinosis
Authors: T. B. Magath
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Moldow's letter in the July 13 issue ofThe Journal(<b>185</b>:146) is interesting, and he may well be correct in taking issue with an earlier editorial (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>:56 [April 6] 1963) which stated that one in every six Americans harbors<i>Trichinella spiralis</i>. However, I doubt that he has established the fact that fewer persons now harbor the parasite than did so 20 years ago because he found only five of 100 diaphragms examined by the microscope in Pittsburgh to be infected. I do think it quite likely that there has been a fall in incidence, but it is not due, as he suggests, to the use of grain or cooked garbage in feeding hogs and the thorough cooking of pork products by a better informed public. I think the chief reduction, if it does exist, is due to the now common use of the
Selenium Poisoning From a Nutritional Supplement
Authors: Richard F. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Selenium poisoning is rare in the United States. We describe a case of a man poisoned by selenium-containing vitamin tablets. A 36-year-old man was referred to us for evaluation of generalized alopecia, nail changes, and paresthesias after initiating vitamins as part of holistic therapy for fatigue. He was instructed to take two tablets every hour until he developed loose stools, and thereafter 10 tablets a day. During the first week of therapy, he developed diarrhea, worsening fatigue, and hair loss. He also noted a tingling sensation in his extremities and scalp. He maintained the regimen for another week, during which he became completely bald. At that time, he discontinued the vitamins. Color changes were noted in his fingernails and toenails several days later. At our examination 2 weeks after discontinuation of therapy, he appeared healthy with normal vital signs. His physical examination was remarkable for early regrowth