tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cervico-Facial Actinomycosis Evaluated by Multiple Imaging Studies
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, SARA GIPS, VALTER S. MEYER, YUDITH KELNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The differential diagnosis of pre-auricular masses include malignant and non-malignant neoplasms as well as non-neoplastic and Infectious processes. The latter may comprise up to 27% of the cases. The authors describe a woman with a pre-auricular mass that was suspected to be a hemangloma. The mass was subsequently resected, and histologic examination detected actinomy-cosis with bone involvement. The radionuclide studies were helpful In assessing the lack of vascularity in the mass, thus suggesting its Inflammatory or tumoral nature.
Management of HIV infected health care workers: lessons from three cases
Authors: J. Pell, L. Gruer, P. Christie, D. Goldberg
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Three cases in which doctors in Glasgow were diagnosed as having HIV infection were all handled differently in relation to telling patients and the media. In the first patients were not told because the doctor had been doing administrative work and there was thought to be no risk to patients; although the media did report the case, it accepted the assurances given. In the second case, where a doctor had done many jobs in different specialties and places, the media identified the doctor before most patients had been informed: most calls to the helpline subsequently set up by the health authority were from patients who had not been treated by this doctor. This episode, however, allowed the incident team to be prepared for the next case, enabling the helpline to be established swiftly. In this case the doctor voluntarily identified himself, and this served to allay public fears and reduce the number of inappropriate calls to the helpline.
Biofeedback: Evaluation of a New Technic
Authors: Neal E. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

AN article by Engel et al. on page 646 of this issue of the Journal illustrates a new type of therapy that is commonly called biofeedback. This article, as well as a few others in the literature, describes careful clinical trials that have yielded promising enough results to merit additional trials by other investigators on larger samples of patients. Unfortunately, as frequently happens with a new technic, reports by the popular media, and also by salesmen for do-it-yourself equipment, have presented hopeful expectations that run far ahead of the proved facts. Thus, a brief evaluation of the current status of . . .
ASSOCIATION OF A NEW TYPE OF CYTOPATHOGENIC MYXOVIRUS WITH INFANTILE CROUP
Authors: Robert M. Chanock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Viruses producing an unusual "sponge-like" cytopathogenic change in monkey kidney tissue culture were isolated from the pharyngeal swabs of 2 of 12 infants with croup. The infants from whom the viruses were isolated and 3 additional patients developed significant increases in neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixing or all 3 varieties of antibody during convalescence. The isolated agents appeared to be similar antigenically. Fluid from infected monkey kidney tissue culture agglutinated chick erythrocytes and in lower titer human "O" red cells. Hemagglutination occurred best at 4 degrees C. and pH 8.0. Agglutination was reversed at 37 degrees C. but resuspension and sedimentation of red cells at 4 degrees C. resulted in a restitution of positive patterns. In addition, the virus was capable of partially removing receptors from the erythrocyte surface, but only when large quantities of virus were incubated with red cells for 24 hours at 37 degrees C. and small doses of hemagglutinin used to test the treated cells. RDE removed both the erythrocyte receptors and the inhibitor for hemagglutinin present in certain normal sera. Low level multiplication occurred at a slow rate in the amniotic cavity of the fertile hen' egg. Gradocol membrane filtration yielded a size of 90 to 135 mmicro. The virus was stable at -70 degrees C. but infectivity was lost after treatment with 20 per cent ether for 15 hours. The properties of the isolated viruses were consistent with those required for classification in the myxovirus group. No antigenic relationship with influenza A, A', B, and C, Newcastle or Sendai viruses was found. The viruses were distinct from mumps virus but the existence of a common antigen was suggested. The high incidence of infection with this new virus in one group of croup patients suggests that it may be at least one of the etiologic agents of this clinical syndrome, but more extensive control studies will be necessary to establish a specific etiologic association. For the present the group will be referred to as CA viruses; i.e., croup-associated viruses.
European drug agency calls for more ethical trials in developing countries
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Drug firms and doctors are continuing to conduct unethical research in developing countries, a major conference heard on 7 September.

The claim emerged at a meeting of the European Medicines Agency’s working group on “third country” clinical trials, as it published a major discussion paper highlighting areas that need urgent attention, together with recommendations for action.

Fergus Sweeney, head of compliance and inspection at the agency’s patient health protection unit, said that three important issues emerged at the two day conference, which was attended by regulators, researchers, and patients’ representatives: the need for much greater cooperation between regulators and other parties, including patients’ representatives and ethics committees; …
The effect of biodegradable gelatin microspheres on the neuroprotective effects of high mobility group box 1 A box in the postischemic brain
Authors: Yin-Chuan Jin, Seung-Woo Kim, Felice Cheng, Joo-Hyun Shin, Jin-Kuen Park, Sanghyun Lee, Jung-Eun Lee, Pyung-Lim Han, Minhyung Lee, Kyekyoon (Kevin) Kim, Hyungsoo Choi, Ja-Kyeong Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION-INDUCED SCAR WITH LEFT ATRIAL DEBULKING DOES NOT HINDER THE REVERSE REMODELING OF LEFT ATRIUM
Authors: Suman Kuppahally, Troy Badger, Nazem Akoum, Nathan Burgon, Eugene Kholmovski, Nassir F. Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
How should we manage fear of falling in older adults living in the community?
Authors: S. W. Parry, T. Finch, V. Deary
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many older people have a variety of adverse psychosocial difficulties related to falling, including fear, anxiety, loss of confidence, and impaired perception of ability to walk safely without falling.1 2 The umbrella term for these problems is “fear of falling,” and this is found in around half of community dwelling older people who fall and in up to half of those who have never fallen.1 2 Consequences include avoidance of activity, social isolation, and increasing frailty and risk of further falls independent of physical impairment.2 3 Although fear of falling is both common and debilitating, understanding of its management is limited. Some evidence supports the use of physical therapies to improve the syndrome, and emerging evidence supports the use of psychological therapies, in particular cognitive behavioural therapy. However, as a recent systematic review and meta-analysis have shown,1 3 no definitive studies exist to guide routine practice in this area. Furthermore, data showing how such interventions could be translated from research to clinical settings are sparse; only one randomised controlled trial of a complex intervention in fear of falling has attempted such evaluation.4 Health economic data about intervention in this common clinical problem are not yet available. 

We searched PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase online databases for studies related to interventions in fear of falling in community dwelling older adults to explore this question further.

### Physical and falls risk factor interventions

Concerns about falling have a clear effect on gait patterns in older people. Laboratory studies of asymptomatic older people undergoing gait and balance studies on elevated walkways show disproportionately slow walking speeds and other dysfunctional gait adjustments,5 alongside abnormalities in postural balance compared with younger subjects.6 Such experimental data and the observation of higher risk of falls and increasing physical frailty in fear of falling suggest that physical …
Cyclic AMP is decreased in mononuclear leukocytes from psoriasis patients
Authors: J.P.M. Geerdink, Mieke Bergers, P.E.J. Erp, J.M. Gommans, P.D. Mier, H. Roelfzema
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Cyclic AMP is decreased in mononuclear leukocytes from psoriasis patients Get access J.P.M. Geerdink, J.P.M. Geerdink Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mieke Bergers, Mieke Bergers Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.E.J. van Erp, P.E.J. van Erp Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Gommans, J.M. Gommans Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D. Mier, P.D. Mier Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Roelfzema H. Roelfzema Department of Dermatology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 1, 1 July 1980, Pages 107–108, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb15847.x Published: 01 July 1980
THE USE OF NITROGLYCERIN IN THE TREATMENT OF ERYSIPELAS.
Authors: J. W. WHERRY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

While many diseases have a more or less specific treatment, which, with slight variation to meet individual peculiarities, will apply to nearly all cases, erysipelas has remained in the uncertain class for which many drugs are used, but for which few, if any, prove very effective. It is very doubtful if any good results need be expected from local applications, although many methods are recommended. In treating facial erysipelas in this institution each physician has his own favorite topical application which he uses on all occasions. No two of these applications are alike, and the surprising thing about it is that all get equally good results—that is, the same results, in all probability, that they would get without any local treatment. Any application is indicated that will soften the skin and relieve the tension, thus adding to the patient's comfort. This criticism of local applications
A functional variant in the core promoter of the CD95 cell death receptor gene predicts prognosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Nicola J. Sunter, Kathryn Scott, Robert Hills, David Grimwade, Sheila Taylor, Lisa J. Worrillow, Sarah E. Fordham, Victoria J. Forster, Graham Jackson, Simon Bomken, Gail Jones, James M. Allan
Journal: Blood (2011)
Measurement of biological ageing in human epidermis
Authors: R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Measurements were made of the thickness of the epidermis, the dimensions of keratinocytes and of the surface areas of individual corneocytes in normal human skin from three non-light exposed sites. The numbers of cells in the epidermis and their height decreased with age, whereas the surface area of individual corneocytes tended to increase with increasing age. The changes demonstrated may be responsible for some of the alterations noted clinically in the skin of elderly individuals.
Irish surgeons college admits it treated arrested doctors "insensitively"
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland has acknowledged that its Bahrain medical school acted “insensitively” towards 14 local doctors whose teaching roles were suspended and salaries stopped after authorities accused them of antigovernment activities.

The doctors, employed full time by the Bahrain Health Service and also contracted by the medical school to give clinical training to its students, were all accused of acts against the state during protests in February and March.

When they lost their hospital positions and therefore were unable to continue teaching students in the wards, the medical school found replacement teachers and stopped paying salaries without notifying those involved in writing. It says that it contacted those affected by phone and that nine have since been reinstated. The jobs of the remaining five will be open to them once they are able to work again.

But Fatima Haji, a 33 year old rheumatologist now sentenced to five years in prison for charges she denies, says that she was not informed of the medical school’s …
Counterpoint: Impaired Fasting Glucose: The Case Against the New American Diabetes Association Guidelines
Authors: Jacqueline M. Dekker, Beverley Balkau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

The clinical symptoms of type 2 diabetes were described in 1500 BC (1). Until today, diabetes in clinical practice is still often diagnosed when patients present with symptoms. With increasing knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease, the diagnosis of diabetes was based on the presence of hyperglycemia. Since 1979, internationally accepted definitions and diagnostic cut points for diabetes have been available (Table 1) (2–4). The initial cut points were based on the sharp increase of the prevalence of microvascular disease with increasing glucose. Diagnostic cut points were based on fasting glucose, as well as on glucose concentration 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The OGTT further allowed the identification of a category termed “impaired glucose tolerance” (IGT), which infers a very high risk of diabetes. The OGTT, however, turned out to be problematic in clinical practice, as it is little used. It has become a measure that is mainly used in clinical research. Therefore, in 1997, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) introduced a new definition that no longer required an OGTT (3). The cut point of fasting glucose was lowered with the expectation that most of the subjects with diabetic postload glucose levels would be captured with this lower cut point. In addition, a new category with high risk of diabetes was introduced, termed “impaired fasting glucose” (IFG), again with the expectation that most subjects with IGT would also have IFG.

After the publication of these criteria, a host of epidemiological studies showed a lack of agreement between categories of glucose status based on fasting and postload glucose. Prospective observational studies also showed that IFG and IGT were independent predictors of future diabetes, with cumulative effects (5), and that postload glucose was more strongly associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and …
Bella and the blood sample
Authors: J. Stebbing
Journal: BMJ (2003)

She didn't speak any English and had a terrible temper after a recent probable stroke, so taking a blood sample was going to be particularly problematic. A longstanding needle phobia was one of the least serious issues. It was felt that the best policy would be to sedate her first, and we discussed this while she sat there grumbling. Her favourite drink was Coca-cola, although she rarely had it, so we placed a small amount of a benzodiazepine in a mugful. She spat out the first mouthful disdainfully, and the second. …
Malpractice: Managing Your Defense
Authors: Michael Schwarz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In this country, individuals are invariably held accountable for their actions or inactions. To professionals, accountability can mean malpractice. Malpractice engenders fear. Malpractice is a personal attack on one's professional competence. The cost of malpractice litigation is borne by the physician, by insurance premiums (if insured), and by society through a higher cost for medical services. But also, malpractice is a means whereby incompetent physicians are forced to leave the profession, thereby protecting society as a whole. With the exponential increase in medical malpractice litigation, it is imperative that physicians confront the reality of being sued. Whether the lawsuit is groundless or based on reason, physician defendants will become acquainted with and subject to the legal system. The authors<i>of Malpractice: Managing Your Defense</i>explain in good English the basics of malpractice litigation from the perspective of defending the physician. Although this slant might be helpful, it is slightly unfair.
Increased risk of atherosclerosis in women after the menopause.
Authors: J. C. Witteman, D. E. Grobbee, F. J. Kok, A. Hofman, H. A. Valkenburg
Journal: BMJ (1989)

An increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease has generally been observed in postmenopausal women, but there have been few studies of the association between menopausal state and atherosclerosis. In this study 294 premenopausal and 319 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 55 were examined radiographically for calcified deposits in the abdominal aorta, which have been shown to represent intimal atherosclerosis. Aortic atherosclerosis was present in eight (3%) of the premenopausal women and in 38 (12%) of the postmenopausal women. After adjustments for age and other indicators of cardiovascular risk women with a natural menopause had a 3.4 times greater risk of atherosclerosis than premenopausal women (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 9.7; p less than 0.05); women who had had a bilateral oophorectomy had a 5.5 times greater risk (1.9 to 15.8; p less than 0.005). No excess risk of atherosclerosis was observed among women who had had a hysterectomy without removal of both ovaries. These results suggest that when oestrogen production stops, either naturally or after surgery, the risk of atherosclerosis is increased.
Type II Diabetes
Authors: Donald B. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

What is one to do for patients with non-insulindependent diabetes whose blood sugar levels do not fall into a satisfactory range after an appropriate trial of diet — nothing? give them an oral agent? give them insulin? The decision should only occasionally be to do nothing; even if the physician is not convinced that tight control changes the incidence or severity of diabetic complications, he or she should not leave the patient with blood sugar levels that are potentially the cause of hyperglycemic symptoms. This problem, an important and common one, is addressed by Dr. Firth and his colleagues in . . .
The case of the disappearing teaspoons: longitudinal cohort study of the displacement of teaspoons in an Australian research institute
Authors: Megan S C Lim, Margaret E Hellard, Campbell K Aitken
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To determine the overall rate of loss of workplace teaspoons and whether attrition and displacement are correlated with the relative value of the teaspoons or type of tearoom.Longitudinal cohort study.Research institute employing about 140 people.70 discreetly numbered teaspoons placed in tearooms around the institute and observed weekly over five months.Incidence of teaspoon loss per 100 teaspoon years and teaspoon half life.56 (80%) of the 70 teaspoons disappeared during the study. The half life of the teaspoons was 81 days. The half life of teaspoons in communal tearooms (42 days) was significantly shorter than for those in rooms associated with particular research groups (77 days). The rate of loss was not influenced by the teaspoons' value. The incidence of teaspoon loss over the period of observation was 360.62 per 100 teaspoon years. At this rate, an estimated 250 teaspoons would need to be purchased annually to maintain a practical institute-wide population of 70 teaspoons.The loss of workplace teaspoons was rapid, showing that their availability, and hence office culture in general, is constantly threatened.
Antithrombotic Therapy in Heart Failure
Authors: Marvin A. Konstam
Journal: Circulation (2009)

C larity regarding the role of antithrombotic treatments in patients with heart failure in the absence of atrial fibrillation remains elusive.2][3] It is now evident that those benefits were predominantly driven by effects in subsets of patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular disease.Sixty years later, the role of antithrombotic treatments in the remaining population remains uncertain.The Warfarin and Antiplatelet Therapy in Chronic Heart Failure Trial (WATCH), the results of which are published in the present issue, 4 held the promise of providing clear support for one therapeutic approach above the others in reducing the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events.However, the primary WATCH findings provide no clear winner among warfarin, clopidogrel, and aspirin, with the limited statistical power preventing any clear conclusion.WATCH results do suggest that aspirin treatment increases the likelihood of heart failure hospitalization compared with the other approaches.
REVASCULARIZATION TRENDS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PRESENTING WITH NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE NCDR®
Authors: Ambarish Pandey, Darren McGuire, James de Lemos, Sandeep Das, Jarett Berry, Emmanouil Brilakis, Subhash Banerjee, Steven Marso, Gregory Barsness, DaJuanicia N. Simon, Matthew Roe, Abhinav Goyal, Mikhail Kosiborod, Ezra Amsterdam, Dharam Kumbhani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Better Living Through Brain Chemistry?
Authors: Eric A. Plaut
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  The viewpoint expressed in Peace Through Mind/Brain Science1 is based on three serious misconceptions: it equates mind with brain, it equates group aggression with individual aggression, and it assumes that cultural problems are amenable to technological fixes.  It is only in the past century that western science has moved beyond a simplistic mind/body dualism. Dr Wagner proposes that we adopt an equally simplistic mind/body monism. Although understanding the functioning of the brain is necessary to the understanding of the functioning of the mind, it is not, and never will be, sufficient to that understanding. Homo sapiens' single most distinguishing feature, our capacity for self-reflective linguistic thinking, is entirely dependent on cultural forces for its expression. Whether we wage war will depend on the nature of the cultural forces that determine how our minds function, not on the physiological forces that determine how our brains function.  Individual aggression
Widow of man who fought for right to die can continue his case
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The widow of Tony Nicklinson, the stroke survivor who lost his right to die case at the High Court last year, has been given permission by the Court of Appeal in London to carry on the legal battle.

Jane Nicklinson will be joined by a 57 year old man paralysed in a road traffic crash 23 years ago, who was granted permission by the appeal court judge Lord Justice Elias to be added to the legal action.

The …