tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF ALCOHOL IN CARBOLIC ACID POISONING.A CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.
Authors: THOMAS WOOD CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>1. INTRODUCTION.</h3> The use of alcohol as an antidote in carbolic acid poisoning was first brought before the medical profession by Dr. Seneca D. Powell of New York City. At his clinical lectures, from about 1894 on, he was in the habit of demonstrating his theory by such an experiment as washing his hands in pure carbolic acid and then in alcohol, and had even filled his mouth with the pure acid, and by quickly rinsing it with 95 per cent. pure alcohol had experienced no harmful results. From these experiments he made the statement that alcohol is an antidote to carbolic acid, and suggested its being used internally in cases of poisoning. The results of his five years experience were reported to the Medical Society of the County of New York Feb. 27, 1899, and appeared in the reports of this society.<sup>1</sup>He, however, had had no practical experience
Phenylketonuria: The Glutamine Hypothesis
Authors: Charles R. Scriver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Phenylketonuria is a disease still in search of a cause for the mental defect that occurs in the majority of cases. Perry and his colleagues begin their article in this issue of the Journal with a terse, articulate review of the most popular proposals that have been advanced to explain phenylketonuric mental retardation; they end by nominating chronic glutamine insufficiency as an important contender for the pathogenesis of the brain damage. Their argument is compelling, and the evidence is carefully documented. Untreated phenylketonuric patients are retarded and have hyperphenylalaninemia; patients successfully treated with low phenylalanine diets have normal plasma levels . . .
Classifying MMR Variants: Time for Revised Nomenclature in Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Y. Nancy You, Eduardo Vilar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Inactivating germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are diagnostic for Lynch syndrome. However, the clinical significance of missense variants is uncertain. A threshold level of compromised MLH1 expression, correlating with greater protein instability and MMR functional defect, has been identified to help classify the pathogenicity of missense variants.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Body Fat-Reply
Authors: Donna Kritz-Silverstein
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Ms Blackman has queried the methods used in our article reporting that long-term use of hormone replacement therapy was not associated with the weight gain or central obesity commonly observed in postmenopausal women. We think it is unlikely that our results were attributable to misclassification of obesity based on BMI because there were no significant differences between the intermittent or continuous hormone users compared with the never users in the change in height between baseline and follow-up ( P >.10). We also found no differences between hormone users and nonusers in fat mass or lean body mass (data not shown) as assessed by bioelectric impedance.  As we noted in our article, survival bias (whereby hormone users gained more weight than nonusers but died prior to follow-up) is unlikely because the women who used hormones lived longer than the untreated women. Although Manson et al 1 reported that among middle-aged
Campaigners for breast feeding claim partial victory
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Campaigners for breast feeding claimed a partial victory this week when the World Health Organization's executive board (its governing body), approved a resolution urging governments to tighten their controls on the marketing tactics of the manufacturers of baby milk.

The resolution, whose seemingly mild wording was agreed after hours of fierce debate at the annual board meeting in Geneva, will become official WHO policy if the organisation's member states adopt it at the next World Health Assembly in May.

Campaigners had feared that the vote might be postponed until 2002 (BMJ 2000;321:591). The International Baby Food Action Network had argued that any delay would open the door to more aggressive labelling and marketing of infant foods …
Three jailed in Germany for selling a fraudulent cancer cure to terminally ill patients
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A court in the central German town Kassel has sentenced three men to jail for fraud because in 2000-1 they sold and administered a food supplement, which they claimed was a cure for cancer, to more than 150 terminally ill cancer patients. All the patients subsequently died. The verdict was given this week after a 16 month trial.

A doctor, a businessman, and a journalist had persuaded dying people that a Russian food supplement, Galavit, was able to stop their cancer. Patients had to pay about €8500 (£6800; $13 500) for the treatment course, which …
Abstract 4226: PIK3CA mutation detection in clinical samples using PNA mediated real-time PCR clamping assay..
Authors: Hysun Kim, Jae Jin Choi, Heekyung Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene have been frequently found in various human cancers, and their presence correlates to therapy response. These somatic mutations within the PIK3CA gene are localized in exon 9 and 20. We have developed a highly sensitive and simple method to detect 13 mutations in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA using PNA-mediated real-time PCR clamping, PNAClampTM. PNAClampTM is based on unique properties of PNA probes that PNA oligomers are not recognized by DNA serving as sequence-selective clamps during PCR amplification. This method can also detect 13 mutations through only three tube reactions each with 10 ng of the target DNA. PNAClampTM is simple and reliable with a detection limit of approximately 3% mutant alleles using 10 to 50 ng of normal DNA as a template. The turnaround time for performing this assay was only 2 hours. Furthermore, while direct sequencing method will detect most of PIK3CA samples as having E545A mutation, due to homology in exon 9 in PIK3CA gene, highly specific PNAClampTM Method have overcome this perceived problem. In clinical studies with breast cancer patients in Korea, PIK3CA mutations were detected utilizing PNAClampTM in 60 (35.7 %) of clinical samples, and the results were compared with direct sequencing method. Among 168 patients, 6 (3.6 %) had mutations in codon 542, 23 (13.7 %) had mutations in codon 545 and 31 (18.5 %) had mutations in codon 1047. To confirm these results, the same clinical samples were analyzed with a sequencing assay. Consistent results were obtained from 137 (81.5 %) of the 168 clinical samples between PNAClampTM and the sequencing assay. The results not in agreement with the sequencing numbered 21 (12.5 %) samples. Ten samples did not react by direct sequencing due to quality problems with the target DNA. The remaining samples were initially determined as the wild type by direct sequencing, but they were found to be PIK3CA mutant using PNAClampTM. This result was likely due to the high sensitivity of PNAClampTM. PNAClampTM is a rapid, sensitive and easy to perform tool that can be used for the detection of PIK3CA mutations in the clinical field. [j1]Check this - original was unclear. Is this what you mean? Citation Format: Hysun Kim, Jae Jin Choi, Heekyung Park. PIK3CA mutation detection in clinical samples using PNA mediated real-time PCR clamping assay. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4226. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4226
RICKETS AS INFLUENCED BY THE DIET OF THE MOTHER DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Authors: ALFRED F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

During the last few years of active investigation into the etiology of rickets, attention has been centered on the nutrition and environment of the infant. Incidents connected with the nutrition of the fetus have received increasingly less attention as the importance of light and diet during the postnatal period have become evident. There have been some exceptions to this rule, notably the investigations of Korenchevsky1in the experimental field of rickets. A perusal of the publications of some of the older writers, of Glisson, and of numerous eminent clinicians of the latter half of the past century, illustrates how much greater significance was formerly attributed to hereditary and congenital factors. In view of our newer knowledge, it seemed as if this aspect of the etiology should be reconsidered from both a clinical and experimental point of view.  THE INFLUENCE OF HEREDITY  The most strenuous exponent of the role of
They Took to the Waters; the Forgotten Mineral Spring Resorts of New Jersey and Nearby Pennsylvania and Delaware
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Since remote antiquity, mineral springs have had their devotees among professional and lay people alike. In the Greek world, temples were erected to Aesculapius in areas renowned for their springs and physical beauty. The Romans carried on the Asklepieion of the Greeks and developed some of their own, notably at Bath in England and at Aix-la-Chapelle in Germany. Charlemagne, in the early portion of the 9th century, held court in the baths at Aix-la-Chappelle. During the 18th century, throughout Europe and America, there was a resurgence of interest in the beneficial effects of mineral springs. In the United States, from 1750 to 1900, hundreds of these springs developed as health centers. They were believed to be especially beneficial for rheumatism, certain phases of gout, hysteria, epilepsy, and colics. Elaborate and palatial hotels, such as Belmont Hall at Schooley's Mountain, or Forest Springs Hotel at Brown's Mills in New Jersey, were
Book: Informing Patients: An Assessment of the Quality of Patient Information Materials
Authors: M. Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Angela Coulter, Vikki Entwistle, David Gilbert King's Fund, £16.95, pp 216 ISBN 1857172140 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Pamphlets and, recently, audiotapes and videos have become a usual, visible, and promoted source of information for patients in general practice, in specialist consulting rooms, and in outpatient clinics. These information aids have been produced by a wide range of organisations in response to increasing patient expectations for factual or experiential information about investigations, illness and its causes, treatment options, support services, and likely outcomes. The quality, availability, acceptability, and effectiveness of information sources developed by authoritative bodies is commonly assumed. Many clinicians … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Treating Hypertension in Women
Authors: John B. Kostis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 January 1992Treating Hypertension in WomenJohn B. Kostis, MDJohn B. Kostis, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-1-92_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:In their recent review, Anastos and colleagues concluded that clinical trials show no clear benefit of antihypertensive therapy for white women. Your readers may find it interesting that the recently completed Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP), not published when the review was in press, showed a favorable effect in stroke incidence (the primary end point of SHEP) in this patient subset (1, 2). Although effects on white women were not included as a formal subgroup hypothesis of SHEP, this study included 2250 (47.5%) white women (3, 4). Forty-eight events occurred among the 1120 white women...References1. AnastosCharneyCharonCohenJonesMarte KPRECC. Hypertension in women: what is really known? Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:287-93. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 1991;265(24):3255-64. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BorhaniApplegateCutlerDavisFurbergLakatos NWJBCE. Part 1: Rationale and design. The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Baseline characteristics of the randomized SHEP participants. Hypertension Supplement. 1991;17(3):II-2-II-15. Google Scholar4. VogtSchronPresselWasserthiel-SmollerEddlemanMiller TESSES. Part 3. Sociodemographic characteristics. The Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Baseline characteristics of the randomized SHEP participants. Hypertension Supplement. 1991;17(3):II-24-II-34. Google Scholar1. . Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 1991;265:3255-64. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. AnastosCharneyCharonCohenJonesMarte KPRECC. Hypertension in women: what is really known? Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:287-93. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John B. Kostis, MDAffiliations: UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1992Volume 116, Issue 1Page: 92-92KeywordsAntihypertensive drug therapyClinical trialsElderlyHypertensionStroke ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Transient introduction of a foreign gene into healing rat patellar ligament.
Authors: N Nakamura, S Horibe, N Matsumoto, T Tomita, T Natsuume, Y Kaneda, K Shino, T Ochi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We investigated the in vivo introduction of a reporter gene into healing rat patellar ligaments using the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ)-liposome-mediated gene transfer method. The mid-portion of the medial half of the patellar ligament was cut transversely with a scalpel in 14-wk-old male Wistar rats. A HVJ-liposome suspension containing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) cDNA was injected directly into the injured site and pooled in the fascial pocket covering the injured site 3 d postoperatively. Thereafter, beta-gal-labeled cells were observed in the wound site accounting for 3% of the wound cells on the first day, 2% on the third, 7% on the seventh, 6% on the 14th, 2% on the 28th, and 0.2% on the 56th day after injection. The beta-gal-labeled cells were initially localized in and adjacent to the wound site, but they were observed spreading into the ligament substance away from the wound on the seventh day after injection. On day 28, beta-gal-labeled cells were observed throughout the length of the ligament substance. With double-labeling for marker antigens for monocyte/macrophage (ED-1) and for collagen I aminopropeptide (pN collagen I), it was revealed that fibroblastic (pN collagen I-positive) cells accounted for 63% and monocyte/macrophage lineage cells for 32% of the beta-gal-labeled cells in the day 7 wound. On day 28, they formed 58 and 35% of the beta-gal-labeled cells in the wound, respectively. Thus, we succeeded in introducing the beta-gal gene into healing rat patellar ligament. Moreover, labeling of the transfected cells made it possible to identify a biological event, namely that the cells in and around the wound site infiltrate into the uninjured ligament substance and come to populate the whole length of the ligament substance as repair progresses. These results suggest that ligament healing may involve not only the repair of the wound site itself but also extensive cellular infiltration of ligament substance adjacent to the wound.
HIV-1 Integrase Variants Retarget Viral Integration and Are Associated with Disease Progression in a Chronic Infection Cohort
Authors: Jonas Demeulemeester, Sofie Vets, Rik Schrijvers, Paradise Madlala, Marc De Maeyer, Jan De Rijck, Thumbi Ndung’u, Zeger Debyser, Rik Gijsbers
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Abstract B05: The tumor suppressor gene pten regulates gene expression through histone H3.3 deposition and Daxx interaction
Authors: Jorge A. Benitez, Webster K. Cavenee, Frank B. Furnari
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Sustaining proliferation is one of many capabilities acquired during tumor progression, where the PI3-kinase signaling pathway is a positive regulator of this trait and the tumor suppressor gene PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homology, deleted on chromosome ten) a negative regulator. Since PTEN deregulation is a central component of cancer progression, we decided to investigate how PTEN post-translational modifications modulate its function and protein interactions. We found that the histone chaperon protein Daxx (death domain-associated protein) associates with PTEN, in vivo and in vitro, and regulates PTEN stability through acetylation and ubiquitination. Moreover, we observed that PTEN regulates Histone 3.3 (H3.3 variant) deposition in the chromatin, by limiting Daxx interactions. We found an elevated H3.3-Daxx association in pten null cells, compared with pten-wt cells, correlating with a low H3.3 enrichment in the promoter of some driver tumor genes (Fos, Myc, Cyclin D1 and Bcl2) and an increased gene expression of them. We further demonstrated that this indirect gene expression regulation by PTEN is independent of its lipid-phosphatase activity. In conclusion, we hypothesize that PTEN may be mediating its tumor suppression function in part by regulating H3.3 deposition, and gene expression, through Daxx interaction. Citation Format: Jorge A. Benitez, Webster K. Cavenee, Frank B. Furnari. The tumor suppressor gene pten regulates gene expression through histone H3.3 deposition and Daxx interaction. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Lectures on Localization in Diseases of the Brain
Authors: J. M. Charcot
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1879)

II. -Long explanations are unnecessary to convey what is 5ieant by localization in cerebral physiology and pathology.' In French nomenclature it is called the extra ventricular nucleus of tlie corpus striatum. DISEASES OF THE BRAIN.furrows upon the gray substance of the parietal lobes and the posterior portions of the frontal lobes ?How many observa- tions which might have thrown light upon these interesting questions of localization arc valueless, for the reason that, from an insufficient knowledge of the altered parts, an exact description has not been possible !In order to obviate as far as possible that lack in the anatomical description of the normal brain, I have for a long time past habituated myself to outlining the locations of brain-lesions upon schemes de- signed from nature.In the absence of these precautions no ideas can be obtained which are not open to criticism.Still, this study has not so many difficulties as may at first be supposed.If the most complete knowledge has not yet found its way into classic works, it nevertheless abounds elsewhere.Beyond the standard works of Leuret and Gratiolet, Bishoff, Arnold, Turner, etc. (a familiarity with which is indispen- sable\ I recommend to your use the little manual of Ecker/ A\hich contains good topographical plates, accompanied with a simple nomenclature, together with synonyms.Through my advice Duret has employed these plates in his important menioire upon the circulation in the encephalon.An excel-
CLINICAL COUNTERPOINT: The Physiology of Placental Lactogen in Human Pregnancy*
Authors: STUART HANDWERGER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1991)

PLACENTAL lactogen (PL), a protein hormone synthesized and secreted by the placenta, has striking homologies in its chemical and biological properties to GH and PRL (1, 2) (Table 1). As discussed in the accompanying paper by Saunders and co-workers (3), considerable information is available about the chemistry of human (h) PL and the molecular biology of the hPL/hGH gene family. Much less is known about the biological actions of hPL during pregnancy, the mechanisms by which hPL exerts its biological actions, and the factors involved in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of hPL. This review will focus on the role of hPL in the mother and fetus during pregnancy, emphasizing evidence that strongly suggests a role for hPL as a maternal and fetal "growth hormone." Consideration will also be given to recent studies indicating a role for several novel factors in the regulation of the synthesis and release of hPL.
Private firms form initiative to offer accurate and affordable TB tests
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients are to have access to more affordable and more accurate tuberculosis (TB) tests through private healthcare in India than were previously available.

Until now, TB tests endorsed by the World Health Organization have been available at specially negotiated low prices only to the public sector. As a result, appropriate tests have been expensive privately and use of less accurate tests rife. 

Now 23 private diagnostic laboratories and other stakeholders (including industry groups such as the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry), non-governmental organisations (such as the Clinton Health Access Initiative), and academic bodies (such as the McGill International TB Centre) have formed an initiative to promote …
Evidence for the Presence of Tumor Peptides with Corticotropin-Releasing-Factor-like Activity in the Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
Authors: G. Virginia Upton, Thomas T. Amatruda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Evidence was found for the existence of four tumor peptides with corticotropin-releasing-factor-like (CRF) activity, two isolated from a pancreatic tumor (P-CRF-1, P-CRF-2) and two from the primary tumor and metastases of an oat-cell carcinoma (L-CRF-1, L-CRF-2). Tumor tissue was extracted for ACTH, and both tumors were demonstrated to certain ectopic ACTH. A peptide similar in size to ACTH and another, smaller than vasopressin, were isolated from each tumor. All four fractions appeared to be homogeneous on high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 6.5. Assays in hypophysectomized rats demonstrated that these peptides were devoid of direct adrenal-stimulating activity. CRF assays in the rat treated with chlorpromazine-morphine-pentobarbital showed ACTH-releasing activity comparable to the ACTH-releasing ability of 20 to 40 mU pressor activity of standard lysine vasopressin but no antidiuretice activity. Amino acid content indicates that these products are peptide in nature and different in composition from ACTH.