tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of prior radiotherapy on tolerance and response to chemotherapy in non‐hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Richard A. Bender, Bonny L. Johnson, Larry Norton, Robert C. Young
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract Twenty‐five patients who had received radiotherapy as their primary treatment for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma subsequently relapsed; they were then treated with combination chemotherapy and their tolerance and response evaluated. Radiotherapy delivered as total body irradiation and other forms of radiotherapy delivered to &gt; 15% of the bone marrow caused significantly lower platelet nadirs during subsequent chemotherapy when compared to patients receiving radiotherapy to ≤ 15% of their bone marrow. In spite of this thrombocytopenic effect, the eventual total doses of chemotherapy delivered were not significantly compromised. A response to chemotherapy was more likely in patients with a prolonged (&gt; 6 months) response to radiotherapy. However, a chemotherapy response was equally likely in patients receiving involved field (IF), extended field (EF), or total nodal irradiation (TNI) as compared to those receiving total body irradiation (TBI). Chemotherapy responses (complete and partial) occurred in 75% of both radiotherapy groups with complete responses more likely in the IF, EF, or TNI group. The median durations of response were slightly longer in the IF, EF, or TNI radiotherapy group (6 months vs 5 months; p = 0.07) but were shorter than those in previously reported patients not receiving prior radiotherapy. Similarly the duration of a chemotherapy response was not affected by the histology of the tumor. However, although the survival of patients following chemotherapy was not significantly affected by the histology of the tumor there was a tendency towards a longer survival for lymphocytic histology as compared to histiocytic.
Nocturnal nutritional supplementation improves total body protein status of patients with liver cirrhosis: A randomized 12-month trial
Authors: Lindsay D. Plank, Edward J. Gane, Szelin Peng, Carl Muthu, Sachin Mathur, Lyn Gillanders, Kerry McIlroy, Anthony J. Donaghy, John L. McCall
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit early onset of gluconeogenesis after short-term fasting. This accelerated metabolic reaction to starvation may underlie their increased protein requirements and muscle depletion. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the hypothesis that provision of a late-evening nutritional supplement over a 12-month period would improve body protein stores in patients with cirrhosis. A total of 103 patients (68 male, 35 female; median age 51, range 28–74; Child-Pugh grading: 52A, 31B, 20C) were randomized to receive either daytime (between 0900 and 1900 hours) or nighttime (between 2100 and 0700 hours) supplementary nutrition (710 kcal/day). Primary etiology of liver disease was chronic viral hepatitis (67), alcohol (15), cholestatic (6), and other (15). Total body protein (TBP) was measured by neutron activation analysis at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Total daily energy and protein intakes were assessed at baseline and at 3 months by comprehensive dietary recall. As a percentage of values predicted when well, TBP at baseline was similar for the daytime (85 ± 2[standard error of the mean]%) and nighttime (84 ± 2%) groups. For the nighttime group, significant increases in TBP were measured at 3 (0.38 ± 0.10 kg, P = 0.0004), 6 (0.48 ± 0.13 kg, P = 0.0007), and 12 months (0.53 ± 0.17 kg, P = 0.003) compared to baseline. For the daytime group, no significant changes in TBP were seen. Daily energy and protein intakes at 3 months were higher than at baseline in both groups (P < 0.0001), and these changes did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Provision of a nighttime feed to patients with cirrhosis results in body protein accretion equivalent to about 2 kg of lean tissue sustained over 12 months. This improved nutritional status may have important implications for the clinical course of these patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Specialists in Rehabilitation?
Authors: W. S. Tegner
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Many studies have found that sequence in the 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs) impacts the translation rate of an mRNA, but the regulatory grammar that underpins this translation regulation remains elusive. Deep learning methods deployed to analyse massive sequencing datasets offer new solutions to motif discovery. However, existing works focused on extracting sequence motifs in individual datasets, which may not be generalisable to other datasets from the same cell type. We hypothesise that motifs that are genuinely involved in controlling translation rate are the ones that can be extracted from diverse datasets generated by different experimental techniques. In order to reveal more generalised cis-regulatory motifs for RNA translation, we develop a multi-task translation rate predictor, <i>MTtrans</i>, to integrate information from multiple datasets. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to single-task models, <i>MTtrans</i> reaches a higher prediction accuracy in all the benchmarked datasets generated by various experimental techniques. We show that features learnt in human samples are directly transferable to another dataset in yeast systems, demonstrating its robustness in identifying evolutionarily conserved sequence motifs. Furthermore, our newly generated experimental data corroborated the effect of most of the identified motifs based on <i>MTtrans</i> trained using multiple public datasets, further demonstrating the utility of <i>MTtrans</i> for discovering generalisable motifs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> <i>MTtrans</i> effectively integrates biological insights from diverse experiments and allows robust extraction of translation-associated sequence motifs in 5’UTR.
Clinical characteristics of the H1N1 virus
Authors: S A Abbas
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Prior to 2005, human infections with classic swine influenza viruses were reported at a rate of only one or two cases per year. However, by the late 1990s multiple strains and subtypes (H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2) of triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses containing genes from avian, human and swine influenza viruses had emerged and became enzootic among pig herds in North America.

In the first study, …
Comparison of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 28S-ribosomal RNA gene expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Y Gong, L Cui, G Y Minuk
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The gene responsible for transcribing glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is commonly used as a reporter gene to estimate the amount of RNA present in Northern analyses. However, recent data suggest that GAPDH gene expression may vary with the extent of cell proliferation and differentiation. 28S-ribosomal RNA (28S-rRNA) has also been employed to normalize Northern blots prepared with total RNA. In the present study, we compared the expression of GAPDH messenger RNA (mRNA) with 28S-rRNA by Northern blot analyses in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (HCC) and adjacent non-HCC tissues from eight patients with chronic viral hepatitis-induced cirrhosis and normal liver tissue from eight healthy control subjects. The results of the study revealed that GAPDH mRNA levels in HCC were significantly higher (14×-16×) than those in adjacent non-HCC and normal liver tissues. Conversely, 28S-rRNA levels did not vary among HCC, adjacent non-HCC, and normal liver tissues. We also demonstrated that the 28S-RNA signal was proportional to the amount of RNA loaded. These findings indicate that 28S-rRNA, rather than GAPDH mRNA, should be used as RNA loading controls for Northern blot analyses involving HCC and nontumor tissues. The findings also raise the possibility that GAPDH mRNA gene expression might serve as a diagnostic indicator for human HCC.
Cutaneous Xanthomata Complicating Treatment with Triparanol
Authors: K. F. R. Schiller, J. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Cutaneous Xanthomata ComplicatingTreatment with Triparanol Triparanol (MER-29) has been used extensively in attempts to lower plasma cholesterol levels in hyper- cholesterolaemic subjects, often with promising results, but evidence of untoward side-effects is increasing and the drug has now been withdrawn.We report here the case of a man with essential hypercholesterolaemia and ischaemic heart disease who during a course of treatment with triparanol developed a great increase in circulating cholesterol and numerous small cutaneous xanthomata.
Pathology in Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Stewart F. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>Pathology in Gynecology and Obstetrics</i>seeks to "unite the practitioners and residents [in pathology and obstetrics-gynecology] in their understanding of the nature, etiology, and evolution of disease processes involving the female genital tract." This is a lofty goal—the need for such unity is great. Economics and clinical practice patterns are separating some clinicians and pathologists so completely that they not only lack the common understanding that comes from têteà-têtes over the microscope, but also fail to become acquainted through mutual participation in medical staff activities. As molecular pathology (immunohistochemistry of marker proteins, hormone receptor assays, cellular DNA quantitation, and tissue localization of viral molecules) gains clinical relevance and moves from basic research to clinical practice, added jargon and concepts threaten further to hinder communication. Never before has common understanding been more essential to optimize management of the patients served mutually by these two specialties. In this difficult era for textual
The T alpha 2 nuclear protein binding site from the human T cell receptor alpha enhancer functions as both a T cell-specific transcriptional activator and repressor.
Authors: I C Ho, J M Leiden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

T cell-specific expression of the human T cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha) gene is regulated by the interaction of variable region promoter elements with a transcriptional enhancer that is located 4.5 kb 3' of the TCR-alpha constant region (C alpha) gene segment. The minimal TCR-alpha enhancer is composed of two nuclear protein binding sites, T alpha 1 and T alpha 2, that are both required for the T cell-specific activity of the enhancer. The T alpha 1 binding site contains a consensus cAMP response element (CRE), and binds a set of ubiquitous nuclear proteins. The T alpha 2 binding site does not contain known transcriptional enhancer motifs. However, it binds at least two nuclear protein complexes, one of which is T cell specific. We now report that although the T alpha 2 nuclear protein binding site displays transcriptional activator activity in the context of the TCR-alpha enhancer, this site alone can function as a potent, T cell-specific transcriptional repressor when positioned either upstream, or downstream of several heterologous promoter and enhancer elements. These results demonstrate that a single nuclear protein binding site can function as a T cell-specific transcriptional activator or repressor element, depending upon the context in which it is located.
A CASE OF ACUTE SUPPURATIVE DERMATITIS
Authors: G. G. STOPFORD TAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1892)

ICTHYOQB ASSOCIATED WITH LICHEN RUBER PLANUS. 121 compared with a lichen pilaris, or a lichen spinulosus of Devergie, but I would point out that the spines are tough and horny, and are not packed close enough, as in the former.The distribution of the spinous patches, the healthy condition of the integument between the involved areas, the limitation of the disease by the median line, accords with Dr. Crocker's description of ichthyosie hystrix.The reports of Darier's case of psorospermosis led to the examhation of the horns by a competent microscopist, but without the discovery of any micro-organisms.In conclusion, the position of the eruptions on the non-paralyzed side of the body, the distribution of the patches in the course of well-known nerves, justifies the opinion that a faulty nervons condition is the etiological factor in the production of them rare diseases.
Oral clonidine for proctalgia fugax.
Authors: R Swain
Journal: Gut (1987)

A report is made of the successful use of oral clonidine for proctalgia fugax by the author on himself. The author, a 30 year old otherwise healthy man, has been having attacks of proctalgia fugax for several years. He had hitherto left the condition untreated. Last year, in a severe attack, he tried oral clonidine 150 micrograms twice a day and found it to be dramatically effective. He was completely relieved in three days and tapered off the drug thereafter. A further attack of proctalgia fugax after a month was again treated successfully with oral clonidine. The presumed aetiology of proctalgia fugax is discussed and the possible mechanism of action of clonidine in this condition is outlined. Further trials of clonidine appear to be worthwhile for this condition which has been described as incurable.
Study estimates health impact of coal based power plants in India
Authors: T. Biswas
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Emissions from coal based power plants in India are having a catastrophic effect on morbidity and mortality, a recent study shows.1

The study—conducted jointly by Urban Emissions, the Conservation Action Trust, and Greenpeace India—assessed a database of emissions from 111 coal based, thermal power stations across India, having a cumulative generation capacity of 121 GW.2

The study report1 estimated that emissions from coal fired power plants led to 80 000 to 115 000 premature deaths in 2011-12. Two thirds of India’s electricity is …
Paneth cells and necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Mark A. Underwood
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and devastating disease of premature infants. Immaturity of the innate immune system of the gut is central to the pathogenesis of NEC. Recent studies suggest a key role for Paneth cells in this disease. Addressing basic questions on the development and function of immature Paneth cells may shed light on the puzzling pathophysiology of NEC. Current animal models of NEC are limited in their capacity to answer these questions.
Hairy-cell leukaemia.
Authors: G F Burns, J C Cawley, C P Worman, C R Barker, F G Hayhoe
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The patient referred to seems to have been unusual.It is thought that activation of fibrinolysis during pregnancy is uncommon.Indeed this is the very reason why the classic disseminated intravascular coagulation syn- dromes were first recognised in human pregnancy.Could it be that this patient lacked one of the normal fibrinolytic inhibitors that are known to act either locally5 or in the general circulation ?If this is the case then the extrapolation is unjustifiable.I feel that we need clarification of this case or more work by an expert unit before this suggestion is put into widespread practice.
Race, Sex, Drug Use, and Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease
Authors: Richard E. Chaisson, Jeanne C. Keruly, Richard D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The rates of progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and survival have been reported to differ among sociodemographic groups. It is unclear whether these differences reflect biologic differences or differences in access to medical care.
Drug misuse in Canada has increased in the past decade
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Self reported rates of use of alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs have increased in Canada in the past decade, says a new national population survey report.

Alcohol and cannabis continue to be the most commonly used drugs, says the Canadian addiction survey, the first major survey in a decade on the use of alcohol and other drugs among Canadians aged 15 and older. Canada's first national …
Deficiency in the Detection of Microalbuminuria by Urinary Dipstick in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Wayne D. Comper, George Jerums, Tanya M. Osicka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Thyroid DiseaseT ype 1 diabetes is associated with other autoimmune diseases.Many diabetes centers routinely screen patients with type 1 diabetes for autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD).The presence of two autoimmune diseases raises the possibility of polyendocrine autoimmune disease.The association of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency, or Addison's disease, with type 1 diabetes is described in case reports dating back more than a century (1,2).Studies have i l l u s t r a t e d s h a r e d H L A a l l e l e s (DQA1*0501, for example) among patients with type 1 diabetes, ATD, and Addison's disease (3,4).Pancreatic islet cell antibodies have been detected in 6.2% of patients with Addison's disease ( 5).Yet, it is unclear whether patients with type 1 diabetes should be routinely screened for Addison's disease.Our study's objective was to determine whether routine screening for Addison's disease is warranted in children with both type 1 diabetes and ATD.Children were diagnosed with thyroid disease if they had thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOs Ͼ50 Ku/l) and/or were receiving thyroid hormone replacement for primary hypothyroidism.A population of children with type 1 diabetes but without thyroid disease was also screened.The study population consisted of 114 children with type 1 diabetes, 35 (25 girls and 10 boys) with thyroid disease (28 on L- thyroxine) and 79 (42 girls and 37 boys) without thyroid disease (normal thyroidstimulating hormone and TPO Ͻ50 Ku/ l).Adrenal antibodies were measured by standard immunofluorescent technique (Nova Century Scientific-Immco antiadrenal slides), and TPOs were measured by an automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Roche Elecsys 2010).
Unfavorable Effects of Passive Smoking on Aortic Function in Men
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The aorta acts as both a conduit and an elastic buffering chamber that modulates left ventricular function and coronary blood flow. Previous studies have shown that active smoking has unfavorable effects on aortic elasticity. Objective: To study the association between passive smoking and the elastic properties of the human aorta. Design: Comparison of nonsmokers during passive smoking studies and smokers during active smoking or sham smoking studies. Setting: Academic medical center. Participants: 16 male nonsmokers were assigned to passive smoking studies, and 32 current, long-term, male smokers were randomly assigned to either active smoking (16 patients) or sham smoking (16 patients) studies. Intervention: All participants underwent diagnostic catheterization. In the passive smoking group, environmental tobacco smoke was vented into an exposure chamber for 5 minutes (mean carbon monoxide level, 30 parts per million). Each participant in the active smoking group smoked one filtered cigarette (1.0 mg of nicotine) under standardized conditions within 5 minutes; each participant in the sham smoking group performed a similar pattern of inhalation with one unlit cigarette. Measurements: Aortic elastic properties were studied by measuring the aortic pressure-diameter relation before and for 20 minutes after passive, active, or sham smoking. Instantaneous diameter of the thoracic aorta was measured with a high-fidelity ultrasonic dimension catheter. Instantaneous aortic pressure and diameter were measured at the same site. Results: Both passive and active smoking were associated with changes in the aortic pressure-diameter relation (change in mean distensibility in the passive smoking group, from 2.02 to 1.59 × 10−6 cm2 · dyne−1 [for comparisons of time course between passive and sham smoking groups, P < 0.001]; change in mean distensibility in the active smoking group, from 2.08 to 1.51 × 10−6 cm2 · dyne (−1) [for comparisons of time course between active and sham smoking groups, P < 0.001]). These changes represent decreases of 21% and 27%, respectively. No changes in aortic elasticity were seen in the sham smoking group. Conclusions: Both passive and active smoking are associated with an acute deterioration in the elastic properties of the aorta. This association between exposure to tobacco smoke and aortic elasticity indicates that aortic function deteriorates during passive or active smoking.
1046-172 Usefulness of plasma fibrin D-dimers for differentiation of acute versus chronic aortic dissection
Authors: Holger Eggebrecht, Christoph K Naber, Axel Schmermund, Clemens von Birgelen, Marc Wichert, Thomas Bartel, Klaus Mann, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Cholesterol and Violence: Is There A Connection?
Authors: William O. Faustman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 October 1998Cholesterol and Violence: Is There A Connection?William O. Faustman, PhD, David L. Ringo, MD, PhD, and Steven E. Lindley, PhD, MDWilliam O. Faustman, PhDVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto, CA 94304Search for more papers by this author, David L. Ringo, MD, PhDVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto, CA 94304Search for more papers by this author, and Steven E. Lindley, PhD, MDVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto, CA 94304Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Golomb's paper [1] on the relation between cholesterol and violence cites our work [2] in a sentence stating “Several studies in humans and nonhuman primates … suggest a specific connection between low or lowered fats or cholesterol levels and low or lowered serotonin activity.” This sentence overstates our findings. Our primary and most statistically powerful analyses noted nonsignificant correlations between cholesterol levels and cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) (the serotonin metabolite) in our samples (n = 84 and 70 in different overlapping samples); correlation coefficients were 0.13 and 0.15, suggesting shared variance less than 3%.Golomb's Table ...References1. Golomb BA. Cholesterol and violence: is there a connection? Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:478-87. Google Scholar2. Ringo DL, Lindley SE, Faull KF, Faustman WO. Cholesterol and serotonin: seeking a possible link between blood cholesterol and CSF 5-HIAA. Biol Psychiatry. 1994; 35:957-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto, CA 94304 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 8Page: 669KeywordsCerebrospinal fluidCholesterolFatsMetabolitesSerotonin Issue Published: 15 October 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Nebulizer Used for Bedside Flame Photometer†
Authors: Eugene Y. Berger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DETERMINATION of the serum sodium has assumed a position along with blood sugar and blood urea nitrogen as a routine diagnostic procedure for severely ill patients. If the serum concentration of sodium is normal the problem of electrolyte balance ends there. If, however, the patient is unfortunate enough to suffer "hyponatremia" of which he is not aware, hypertonic saline solution may soon be administered, with the development of pulmonary edema, of which the patient is certainly aware. This sequence of events is often followed by the patient's death, of which he may or may not be aware. After infusion of . . .