tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ionic basis of the chronotropic effect of acetylcholine on the rabbit sinoatrial node
Authors: M. Boyett, I Kodama, H Honjo, A Arai, R Suzuki, J Toyama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

The aim was to study the ionic basis of the chronotropic effects of bath applied acetylcholine and vagal stimulation on the rabbit sinoatrial node.The chronotropic effect of bath applied acetylcholine was measured in single cells and small multicellular preparations from the rabbit sinoatrial node and the chronotropic effect of postganglionic vagal stimulation was measured in the intact sinoatrial node. The roles of the hyperpolarisation activated current, i(f), the acetylcholine activated potassium current, iK,ACh, and the L-type calcium current, iCa, were investigated by blocking the currents with 1-2 mM Cs+ or 10(-6) M UL-FS49, 0.2-1.0 mM Ba2+, and 6 x 10(-6) M nifedipine, respectively.Under control conditions, small multicellular preparations were approximately two orders of magnitude less sensitive to bath applied acetylcholine than single cells. However, after block of acetylcholinesterase by eserine in small multicellular preparations the sensitivities of the two types of preparation were approximately the same. Block of i(f) either had no discernible effect or increased the chronotropic effect of bath applied acetylcholine on single cells or small multicellular preparations, whereas partial block of iK,ACh reduced it substantially. Similarly, block of i(f) did not suppress the initial slowing of spontaneous action potentials by vagal stimulation, whereas partial block of iK,ACh reduced it. The hyperpolarisation of the arrested sinoatrial node in response to vagal stimulation was also substantially reduced by block of iK,ACh. Partial block of iCa caused large decreases in the action potential amplitude and maximum diastolic potential, but little decrease in the rate of spontaneous action potentials, and therefore did not mimic the effect of acetylcholine.The chronotropic effects of bath applied acetylcholine and vagal stimulation are not principally the result of a suppression of i(f) or iCa, whereas the activation of iK,ACh may play an important role.
Hyperbilirubinaemia and Kernicterus in Premature and Full-term Bantu Newborn Infants
Authors: M. H. Shnier, S. E. Levin
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MWCk JotJftyL sulpho-nanide and antibiotic treatment in controlling any tendency for the attacks to recur.Admittedly, new measures in medical practice tend in the beginning to be misused, particularly overused.We have certainly seen this with urethral instrumentation and antiseptic urinary medication.In relation to the former, I had two women patients suffering from frequency, one coming from Bagdad and the other from New York.Each had been having urethral dilatations once a week for several months.There were two other incidents which had a bearing on the same topic.(1) A prominent American urologist recently proclaimed at an important meeting the need to disregard al instrumental urethral treatment in cystitis and frequency cases, and to rely upon the latest medication; he did not relate any experience which would justify this attitude.(2) A prominent American woman, who gave a long history of recurring incidents of urinary infection, was advised by me to have a urethral polypus fulgurated.She said she hoped she would have no antibiotics while in hospital, because she had had them all and they made her very ill. Bacteriological ConsiderationThis can be a big subject, but I shall be brief.Because the physician does not have an opportunity of seeing for himself, the misconception that chronic urinary infection is not usually dependent on a continuing focus of infection somewhere in relation to the urinary tract itself will not easily be discarded.Cystoscopy and urethroscopy have both made it clear that the urine may fail to show signs of infection, while endoscopically these are manifest-in fact, often fitting in with the symptoms.Modern therapy can produce this situation.The return at a later date of another acute attack should warn us of any undue complacency in making a good prognosis on a sterile urine.It is not being too dogmatic to say that there is a solid reason for certainty why attacks recur in some cases, when treatment of urethral lesions is seen to lessen this tendency.Summary Reasons are given for the greater frequency of cystitis in women than in men.An explanation is offered for differences in sex incidences of vegetative posterior urethritis in children.The lull in disturbances of micturition in adolescence and the reappearance of these in early adult life are discussed.Various aetiological groups of ascending cystitis in the male are summarized.Different types of urethroscopes are criticized.Prostatic obstruction is considered.The fundamental principle of treatment is emphasized.
Ocular damage due to paraquat and diquat.
Authors: A. A. Swan
Journal: BMJ (1968)

position and appearance are precisely as in the St. Catherine's Thorpe specimen, and it is almost certain that we need look no further for a diagnosis.After the onset of the condition increased stresses are thrown on the medial and lateral extensions of the quadriceps tendon of insertion, with roughening of the bone, as found here.No osteoarthritis, which might suggest a chronic functional disturbance, is present in the hips, knees, or feet of this man, so it seems likely that he suffered little interference with locomotion.The frequency of Osgood-Schlatter disease in the Saxon period is unknown.In the course of examining about 2,000 tibiae this is the first case I have seen that looks at all convincing.
The sequential analysis of the precore region of HBV-DNA during lamivudine therapy in homogeneous patients infected with HBV genotype C in Japan
Authors: R. Kuwahara, R. Kumashiro, S. Murashima, K. Ogata, K. Tanaka, A. Hisamochi, T. Hino, T. Ide, E. Tanaka, Y. Koga, M. Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Will surgery on the cornea render spectacles obsolete?
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fracture of the Distal Radius and Ulna
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Joseph S. Barr, Jr.: This 76-year-old white woman fell backward and landed on her outstretched hand. She sustained an open fracture of the left distal radius and ulna. She was immediately taken to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital where she was examined 20 minutes after injury. The open wound was irrigated and dressed, the extremity was splintered, and the patient was given tetanus toxoid and tetracycline hydrochloride. Roentgenograms made with the patient in anteroposterior and lateral positions showed severely comminuted fractures of the distal radius and ulna with shortening of the extremity (Fig 1). The patient had not eaten in the previous five hours. She gave a history of an allergic reaction to penicillin. Seven years earlier she had undergone arthroplasty (Vitallium mold) of the right hip for painful degenerative arthritis. Her hip was now symptom free with a good range of motion. She was taken
Antagonistic Effect of A.C.T.H. and Cortisone on the Anticoagulant Activity of Ethyl Biscoumacetate
Authors: J. B. Chatterjea, L. Salomon
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEASLES MENINGOENCEPHALOMYELITISvaccines seem to be the commonest source of these accidents (Byers and Moll, 1948), but similar sequelae have been recorded after inoculation of diphtheria, typhoid, and other bacterial antigens as after the disease itself, again notably whooping-cough.These cerebral accidents are commonly regarded as allergic or protein-shock phenomena, the pre- dominating changes being vascular thrombosis.The hypoxia accompanying severe paroxysms is regarded as an important factor in the causation of whooping-cough encephalopathy, which tends to leave permanent residua (Levy and Perry, 1948).The frequent occurrence of con- vulsions raises the question of an epileptic diathesis or like predisposition, or a trigger mechanism in cerebration which may be released by fever, from whatever cause.Another theory, which receives less support than for- merly, involves the existence of an unidentified encephalitis virus, which in some way is activated by these diseases or by the products of bacterial or viral metabolism.The sporadic appearance of " idiopathic " encephalitis lends some support to this theory (Brain and Hunter, 1929).
Docetaxel for Advanced Gastric Cancer?
Authors: Anna D. Wagner, Ulrich Wedding, Oliver Kuss, Klaus Höffken
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

from our study did not show Framingham score to be predictive of increased cardiac risk after left-sided irradiation.Still, this or some other measure may be appropriate to stratify patients for prospective statin therapy intervention in the setting of a trial.Given our findings with respect to high blood pressure, antihypertensive management is another potential modifiable risk factor to be studied.It would also be useful to establish markers of cardiac damage that could monitor patients' cardiac status during and after radiation treatment, and to use noninvasive monitoring post-treatment to verify the validity of these tests and interventions.Through such studies it may be possible to further reduce cardiac risk after irradiation and provide more accurate recommendations to breast cancer patients regarding their longterm follow-up care.
LTP: Memory, arousal, neither, both
Authors: Tracey J. Shors, Louis D. Matzel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The neurophysiological phenomenon of LTP (long term potentiation) is considered by many to represent an adequate mechanism for acquiring or storing memories in the mammalian brain. In our target article, we reviewed the various arguments put forth in support of the LTP/memory hypothesis. We concluded that these arguments were inconsistent with the purported data base and proposed an alternative interpretation that we suggested was at least as compatible with the available data as the more widely held view. In doing so, we attempted to illustrate that the inadequacy of present experimental designs did not permit us to distinguish between equally viable hypotheses. In the four years since we wrote the first draft of our target article, hundreds of additional studies on LTP have been published and their results have been incorporated into current theories about memory. A diverse group of commentators responded to our target article with their own theories of how memories might be stored in the brain, some of which rely on LTP. Some commentators doubted whether memories can be stored through modifications of synaptic strength. Some assert that it will never be possible to understand the neural mechanisms of memory; still others remain hopeful that we will accomplish some semblance of a resolution, provided we appreciate LTP's role in a subset of seemingly amorphous memory systems. In summary, although it is commonly written that “LTP is a memory storage device,” the divergence of views among the commentators suggests, at least as strongly as our target article, that such conviction is unwarranted and fails to acknowledge both the lack of consensus regarding the role of LTP in memory and the complexity of the phenomenon of memory itself.
Dose-Dependence of 4-Aminopyridine Plasma Concentrations and Electrophysiological Effects in Dogs
Authors: Stanley Nattel, Carol Matthews, Emma De Blasio, Wei Han, Danshi Li, Lixia Yue
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Previous investigators have administered 4-aminopyridine (4AP) to dogs to evaluate the role of transient outward current ( I to ) in vivo; however, plasma concentrations of 4AP were not measured, and it is therefore uncertain which cardiac ion channels were blocked at the concentrations achieved. Methods and Results —We applied high-performance liquid chromatography to measure 4AP concentrations produced by intravenous 4AP administration to dogs. A previously described dose regimen produced plasma concentrations that increased during the maintenance infusion but never exceeded 250 μmol/L and caused significant mortality. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments on isolated canine myocytes showed that even the maximum 4AP concentrations achieved in vivo failed to alter ventricular I to and had very small effects on atrial I to ; however, concentrations achieved in vivo had a strong inhibitory effect on the dog ultrarapid delayed rectifier ( I Kur.d ), present only in atrial cells. We designed a loading and maintenance infusion regimen to produce stable 4AP plasma concentrations. At concentrations in the range of 25 and 50 μmol/L, 4AP had no effect on ventricular refractory period but increased atrial refractoriness significantly, consistent with the results of voltage clamp studies. Conclusions —The interpretation of previous studies using intravenous 4AP administration to inhibit I to in dogs in vivo needs to be reevaluated in light of the fact that the infusion regimens used produce plasma concentrations that are inadequate to affect ventricular I to . Our findings also support the concept that selective inhibition of ultrarapid delayed rectifier current can prolong atrial refractory periods without affecting ventricular refractoriness.
Inducing Immune Tolerance
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colon Preparation for Magnification Endoscopy: a Rapid Novel Approach
Authors: R. E. Carroll
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Minute lesions in the colon are of increasing clinical interest. Conventional endoscopic techniques are inadequate for visualizing these lesions, and magnification chromoendoscopy is required to identify them. This study compared the effectiveness of a simpler colon preparation method with the standard technique. Patients and Methods : Seven patients received dilute methylene blue (0.05 %) by enema prior to the endoscopic evaluation. The extent, quality, and ease of dye delivery were compared with the standard methods.Dye delivery by enema extended to the splenic flexure and was uniformly applied, and advancement of the endoscope was easier. This alternative method was better tolerated by patients (visual analogue scale 1.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.8; P = 0.004).This rapid and reliable method of visualizing the entire left colon with dye magnification allows magnification chromoendoscopy to be carried out in a convenient manner that is also less painful for the patient.
Regulation of Hepatic Vascular Volume
Authors: Harald Kjekshus, Cecilie Risoe, Tim Scholz, Otto A. Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background It is unclear how the liver contributes to regulation of cardiac filling. The aims of this study were to establish an animal model to quantify hepatic vascular capacitance and to determine the mechanisms whereby catecholamines and sodium nitroprusside modify hepatic blood volume. Methods and Results In 8 anesthetized pigs we measured hepatic and systemic pressures and flows. Liver vascular volume was measured by sonomicrometry calibrated against integrated hepatic inflow during outflow occlusion. Pressure-volume (P-V) curves were constructed during outflow occlusion. Sonomicrometry accurately reflected hepatic blood volume ( r =.99±.001), and hepatic P-V curves were highly reproducible. Norepinephrine (0.3 and 0.7 μg · kg body weight (bwt) −1 · min −1 intraportally) significantly reduced hepatic blood volume by 3.3±1 and 4.3±1 mL · kg bwt −1 , respectively. Nitroprusside (8 and 18 μg · kg bwt −1 · min −1 intraportally) increased hepatic blood volume by 1.1±0.2 and 1.9±0.3 mL · kg bwt −1 , respectively. Norepinephrine and nitroprusside parallel shifted the hepatic P-V curves, indicating reduced and increased unstressed blood volume, respectively. These curve shifts accounted for more than 90% of the respective blood volume changes. Compliance was unchanged. Phenylephrine but not isoprenaline yielded similar results as norepinephrine. Conclusions The pig model used in this study, accurately quantified hepatic capacitance. α-Adrenergic stimulation decreased and nitroprusside increased capacitance by changing unstressed blood volume. These changes in capacitance correspond to expulsion of 300 mL and pooling of 130 mL of blood, respectively, in a 70-kg individual, reflecting that the liver is not only a passive blood reservoir but can respond actively and vigorously to pharmacological interventions.
Heparin Analogues: A New Family of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: J. Corliss
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Heparin Analogues: A New Family of Anticancer Drugs Get access Julie Corliss Julie Corliss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 18, 20 September 1989, Pages 1346–1347, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.18.1346 Published: 20 September 1989
Functioning Lipoadenoma of the Parathyroid Gland
Authors: S. K. Abul-Haj, Harvey Conklin, Wilmer C. Hewitt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

A UNIQUE functioning tumor of the parathyroid gland was found in a forty-one-year-old man with clinical hyperparathyroidism. It was composed of a blend of fibrofatty lobules and trabeculae and sheets of parathyroid chief cells. The only similar reported case is that of Ober and Kaiser,1 who described a nonfunctioning, large, encapsulated mass composed of an admixture of fibrofatty and parathyroid tissues that they designated as hamartoma of the parathyroid gland. It differed from our case only in the absence of endocrine dysfunction and the presence of all types of parathyroid cells in the tumor.Case ReportN.R.S., a 41-year-old man, . . .
Haemoglobin H Disease in an English Family
Authors: J. C. Woodrow, R. L. Noble, J. H. Martindale
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Blood Examination.-Serumprotein normal; blood urea 30 mg./100 ml.; E.S.R. 1 mm. in one hour (Wintrobe) ; serum bilirubin 2.1 mg./100 ml.; serum iron 290 mg./100 ml.; Schumm's test positive ; white cells 3,500/c.mm. (differential count normal) red-cell count 4,600,000/c.mm.; haemoglobin 9.9 g./100 ml.; P.C.V. 37% ; M.C.V. 81 cubic microns; M.C.H.C. 27%; M.C.H. 22 4'g.; reticulocytes 1-6%.The stained smear showed marked anisopoikilocytosis with target cells, burr forms, and microcytes.The osmotic fragility was reduced (Fig. 1).The
Prediction of the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic Doppler studies.
Authors: C O Lima, D J Sahn, L M Valdes-Cruz, H D Allen, S J Goldberg, E Grenadier, J V Barron
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In this study we explored the use of continuous wave Doppler echocardiography guided by simultaneous two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging as a method for noninvasively estimating pressure gradients in patients with discrete forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We studied 16 children, ages 6 months to 17 years, with valvular aortic stenosis (n = 12) or with discrete subaortic stenosis (n = 4) and compared maximal Doppler velocities in the aorta with pressure gradients obtained at cardiac catheterization. Examinations could be performed from the suprasternal notch view or from the apical left ventricular outflow tract view with equal accuracy for the study of flow in the left ventricular outflow tract, and results were comparable in both views. With a simplified Bernoulli relationship (gradient = 4 X [maximal velocity]2), results suggested that Doppler echocardiography could be used to predict the severity of obstruction in our patients with a correlation coefficient of r = .94 (SEE +/- 7.5 mm Hg) between Doppler-estimated gradients and gradients obtained at catheterization. The method appears promising for initial evaluation and for serial management of patients with discrete forms of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
On the Nature of the So-Called "Hypertrophy of the Prostate."
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1886)

diYerting the patient's attention.Cause her to make a deep inspira- oii and a full expiration; a few repetitions are followed by complete calm.flysterical coma is a very curious condition, and is commonly, in some degree, connected with alcohol.It is most quickly relieved by in enema of assafeetida.'Reverting, for a moment, to the cases in which we are wont to recognise the.existence of fraud and imnposition, it is questionable *Vether, in many of them, we are not using a term not strictly accu- rMte; whether we should not rather regard them as examples of paitll mental aberration, the result of a dominant idea, the desire rr sympathy, than of intelligent, intentional, and conscious decep- tion. it is, perhaps, a fine distinction, and, if sometimes a just one, *e must admit that, in the words of the cynical Heine:In case of women, One knows never where the angel Ceases, and the deuce commences."These words are, also, apposite to another question.To what ex- 'tant is there commonly in hysteria an erotic element ?The answer tt this turns largely on the meaninag which we attach to "'erotic."Ainongst men of the world, the interpretation would be of the grossest amd most carnal character ; and too many of us would, and do, accept this view, thoughtlessly, I think, and erroneously, in respect to the virginal sex in general, and no less erroneously as regards cases of hysteria.But the word has another sense, not less classical, for it rests on the authority of Plato, and one which, in my judgment, is more in accord with the passive or receptive function of women in the processes of reproduction.In this sense, it refers not so much to the lower animal passions-though these are not altogether excluded-but to the higher