tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low birth weight and hypertension.
Authors: D. J. Barker, C. Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1988)

animal feed to prevent crossover into further species.While the incubation period for all the slow spongiform viral encephalopathies is long, making an epidemiological study of the extent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy time consuming and expensive, use could be made of an antiserum developed to the so called "prion protein" (PrP 27-30) which has been used successfully to identify these abnormal extracellular filaments which are found in scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.5The appearance of bovine spongiform encephalopathy has given an urgent impetus to the intellectual challenge of finding the infectious agent.Current evidence favours the "virino" (RNA containing subviral particle) theory.6
Diabetes in the African-American Medicare Population: Morbidity, quality of care, and resource utilization
Authors: Marshall H Chin, James X Zhang, Katie Merrell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To determine whether African-American Medicare recipients with diabetes are at increased risk for morbidity, poor quality of care, and high resource utilization.We analyzed 1,376 patients with diabetes who were > or = 65 years of age and in the 1993 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. Morbidity measures were the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, overall health perception, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and diabetic complications. Quality of care standards were glycosylated hemoglobin measurements, ophthalmological visits, lipid testing, mammography, influenza vaccination, readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge, and outpatient visits within 4 weeks of hospital discharge. We stratified Medicare reimbursement by type of service and adjusted for sex, education, and age in multivariable analyses.Compared with white patients, African-American patients had worse health perception and lower quality of care. They were more likely to visit the emergency department and had fewer physician visits per year. African-Americans had higher reimbursement for home health services, but total reimbursement was similar after case-mix adjustment.Improved access to preventive care for older African-Americans with diabetes may improve health perception and use of the emergency department. The potential effect on total reimbursement is unclear. Future policy interventions to improve quality of care among Medicare patients with diabetes should especially target African-Americans.
Penetrating Wound of Both Frontal Lobes by a Ski Pole
Authors: Ernest Sachs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE famous crowbar case of Phineas Gage is not without its occasional parallels in present-day medicine. The case reported below illustrates a type of skiing injury unusual even in a northern New England area accustomed to encountering all varieties of trauma concomitant to winter sports.Head injuries as a result of skiing are distinctly uncommon, although skull fractures, extradural hematomas, concussions and subdural hematomas occur. Deaths from broken necks, sustained in skiing, have also happened. Penetrating wounds of the head and brain are distinctly unusual. The patient described below, a fifteen-year-old boy, sustained a penetrating wound of the right cheek . . .
Surgery for Angina Pectoris
Authors: Wayne R. Rogers, Donald N. Wysham
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1973Surgery for Angina PectorisWAYNE R. ROGERS, M.D., DONALD N. WYSHAM, M.D.WAYNE R. ROGERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD N. WYSHAM, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-1-138_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The current controversy about the management of accelerated class IV angina pectoris has rightly led to several randomized studies designed to test the merits of medical and surgical therapy. Probably all these studies are being conducted in academic settings where factors involved may or may not relate closely to those in the community hospitals and physicians' offices where most patients are attended.While we await the conclusion of these studies over the next 5 years or so, a large number of persons with "preinfarction angina" will require decisions in management. Those treated medically now face a poor... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WAYNE R. ROGERS, M.D.; DONALD N. WYSHAM, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUnstable AnginaWAYNE R. ROGERS, M.D., DONALD N. WYSHAM, M.D. 1 July 1973Volume 79, Issue 1Page: 138-138KeywordsAnginaSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE NERVOUS SYMPTOMS PRODUCED IN CHILDREN BY UNCORRECTED REFRACTIVE AND MUSCULAR ERRORS.
Authors: J. HERBERT CLAIBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

To present the subject in a logical manner, permit me to review in a general way the refractive quality of the normally and abnormally constructed eye, and the adjustment of its external muscular system. The eye may be emmetropic, hypermetropic, myopic, or astigmatic. Emmetropia is, of course, the ideal condition, and it may be defined as that refractive condition in which distant or parallel rays of light are focused on the retina without any effort on the part of the accommodative muscle. Such an eye, in regarding distant objects, i. e., objects at or beyond 20 feet, is merely a camera obscura, in which the focus is formed on the retina. Such an act, under such conditions should be, in the natural order of things, achieved without discomfort. (Fig. 1.) The hypermetropic eye is an eye that is shorter in its anteroposterior diameter than the emmetropic eye, and hence, given
Heat as Cancer Therapy
Authors: Joan M. Bull
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Recent clinical reports of hyperthermic tumor regression revitalize an old interest in heat as an anticancer therapy. The clinical observations are supported by experimental data demonstrating that hyperthermia as a single modality kills tumor cells in animal models and in vitro. While the mechanism of injury is imperfectly understood, it is clear that heat induces selective lethal injury to malignant cells, and that this effect is critically dependent on temperature and time of heat exposure. Giovanella et al<sup>1</sup>found that temperatures from 37 to 40 C had little effect on the viability and subsequent ability to metastasize of L1210 leukemia cells, whereas temperatures higher than 41 C killed the tumor cells. Palzer and Heidelberger<sup>2</sup>further defined a critical temperature-time relationship in the 41.0 to 43.0 C temperature range using HeLa cells. Overgaard and Overgaard<sup>3</sup>showed that temperatures of 41.5 to 43.5 C destroyed mouse mammary-tumor implants without
Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Inhibits Selenoprotein Synthesis and the Activity of Thioredoxin Reductase
Authors: Milan Srivastava, Sanjay Singh, William T. Self
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and silver (Ag)-based materials are increasingly being incorporated into consumer products, and although humans have been exposed to colloidal Ag in many forms for decades, this rise in the use of Ag materials has spurred interest into their toxicology. Recent reports have shown that exposure to AgNPs or Ag ions leads to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced cell proliferation. Previous studies have shown that Ag accumulates in tissues as silver sulfides (Ag2S) and silver selenide (Ag2Se).In this study we investigated whether exposure of cells in culture to AgNPs or Ag ions at subtoxic doses would alter the effective metabolism of selenium, that is, the incorporation of selenium into selenoproteins.For these studies we used a keratinocyte cell model (HaCat) and a lung cell model (A549). We also tested (in vitro, both cellular and chemical) whether Ag ions could inhibit the activity of a key selenoenzyme, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR).We found that exposure to AgNPs or far lower levels of Ag ions led to a dose-dependent inhibition of selenium metabolism in both cell models. The synthesis of protein was not altered under these conditions. Exposure to nanomolar levels of Ag ions effectively blocked selenium metabolism, suggesting that Ag ion leaching was likely the mechanism underlying observed changes during AgNP exposure. Exposure likewise inhibited TrxR activity in cultured cells, and Ag ions were potent inhibitors of purified rat TrxR isoform 1 (cytosolic) (TrxR1) enzyme.Exposure to AgNPs leads to the inhibition of selenoprotein synthesis and inhibition of TrxR1. Further, we propose these two sites of action comprise the likely mechanism underlying increases in oxidative stress, increases endoplasmic reticulum stress, and reduced cell proliferation during exposure to Ag.
Connective tissue abnormalities in MRL/1 mice.
Authors: J C Edwards, A Cooke, A R Moore, C Collins, F Hay, D A Willoughby
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Pathological changes in the connective tissue of the limbs of MRL/1 mice are described. Focal infiltrates of polymorphs or large mononuclear cells, or both, were seen both in synovial lining and subcutaneous tissue. Infiltrates were associated with vasculitis in some cases. Deposits of amorphous material were seen in and around joints and in foot pads. The material was more particulate and refractile than typical 'fibrinoid' and showed a positive Feulgen reaction. It was not surrounded by palisading cells and when seen in synovial tissue was not usually associated with changes in synovial lining cells. No obvious difference was seen between intra-articular and extra-articular lesions. Lesions in subcutaneous tissue occurred exclusively in the foot pads. Lymphocyte infiltration was not prominent at any site and no follicle formation was seen. Of two colonies studied, only one showed a significant increase in lining cell numbers in synovial tissue. Exercised animals had a similar distribution and severity of disease to those of matched controls. All lesions described were distinguishable from non-specific inflammatory lesions in normal control mice and MRL/++ mice on assessment of unmarked sections. The relation between these connective tissue lesions and the changes found in human chronic synovitis is discussed.
The surgical treatment of upper limb hyperhidrosis
Authors: P.S. MALONE, A.E.P. CAMERON, J.A. RENNIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Primary hyperhidrosis is a common and poorly understood condition. Surgical thoracic sympathectomy, either by the cervical or transaxillary route, entails major surgery, so there is a tendency to offer this only to those most severely affected. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is a simple, safe and effective procedure. The technique and results are described and it is recommended as the appropriate procedure for treating upper limb hyperhidrosis, including localized axillary sweating.
Desacetylmethylcolchicine in Treatment of Myeloid Leukaemia
Authors: B. J. Leonard, J. F. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1955)

PNEUMOCOCCAL MENINGITISBJOuRr were admitted quickly while some of the others were left too late before in-patient treatment was started.My thanks are due to the consultant medical staff of the Bristol Hospitals for permission to use their records, and especially to Dr.
The Anthracycline Antineoplastic Drugs
Authors: Robert C. Young, Robert F. Ozols, Charles E. Myers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

PERHAPS no family of chemotherapeutic agents has been so rapidly accepted as a major therapeutic tool in treating patients with cancer as have the anthracyclines. Since the first clinical trials of doxorubicin and daunorubicin little more than a decade ago, these drugs have been extensively studied alone and in combination, and they now have a major role in the effective treatment of acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and sarcomas.The successful use of these drugs has been hampered by conventional toxicities (hematopoietic suppression, nausea and vomiting, and alopecia) as well as unique toxicities (cardiomyopathy); these problems have . . .
Bone Density Predicts Breast Cancer
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical significance of flowcytometric minimal residual disease detection in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients treated according to the DCOG ANLL97/MRC AML12 protocol
Authors: V H J van der Velden, A van der Sluijs-Geling, B E S Gibson, J G te Marvelde, P G Hoogeveen, W C J Hop, K Wheatley, M B Bierings, G J Schuurhuis, S S N de Graaf, E R van Wering, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Metabolism and Nutrition: Principles and Management of Lipid Disorders: A Primary Care Approach
Authors: Marie A. Lindner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 June 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Metabolism and Nutrition: Principles and Management of Lipid Disorders: A Primary Care ApproachMarie A. Lindner, MDMarie A. Lindner, MDRhone-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Principles and Management of Lipid Disorders: A Primary Care ApproachAlbert Oberman, Robert A. Kreisberg, and Yaakov Henkin. 323 pages. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1992. $49.00.Amid a plethora of lipid disorder books, I suspected that this volume was a clone: reiterating the National Cholesterol Education Panel's dictum on lipids and atherosclerosis. My impression immediately changed when I saw the five section cartoons. Unlike silly patient brochure cartoons, these tongue-in-cheek depictions hit the points home. For example, a doctor detective discovers an Achilles tendon xanthoma on a familial hypercholesterolemic patient. This cartoon appealed to me because the lipid-related physical examination ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rhone-Poulenc Rorer Central Research, Collegeville, PA 19426. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11Page: 912KeywordsCholesterolFibrinolysisLipid disordersLipidsLipoproteinsNutritionResearch laboratoriesTendonsThrombosisTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Examination of the Safety of Pediatric Vaccine Schedules in a Non-Human Primate Model: Assessments of Neurodevelopment, Learning, and Social Behavior
Authors: Britni Curtis, Noelle Liberato, Megan Rulien, Kelly Morrisroe, Caroline Kenney, Vernon Yutuc, Clayton Ferrier, C. Nathan Marti, Dorothy Mandell, Thomas M. Burbacher, Gene P. Sackett, Laura Hewitson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

In the 1990s, the mercury-based preservative thimerosal was used in most pediatric vaccines. Although there are currently only two thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) recommended for pediatric use, parental perceptions that vaccines pose safety concerns are affecting vaccination rates, particularly in light of the much expanded and more complex schedule in place today.The objective of this study was to examine the safety of pediatric vaccine schedules in a non-human primate model.We administered vaccines to six groups of infant male rhesus macaques (n = 12-16/group) using a standardized thimerosal dose where appropriate. Study groups included the recommended 1990s Pediatric vaccine schedule, an accelerated 1990s Primate schedule with or without the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, the MMR vaccine only, and the expanded 2008 schedule. We administered saline injections to age-matched control animals (n = 16). Infant development was assessed from birth to 12 months of age by examining the acquisition of neonatal reflexes, the development of object concept permanence (OCP), computerized tests of discrimination learning, and infant social behavior. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, multilevel modeling, and survival analyses, where appropriate.We observed no group differences in the acquisition of OCP. During discrimination learning, animals receiving TCVs had improved performance on reversal testing, although some of these same animals showed poorer performance in subsequent learning-set testing. Analysis of social and nonsocial behaviors identified few instances of negative behaviors across the entire infancy period. Although some group differences in specific behaviors were reported at 2 months of age, by 12 months all infants, irrespective of vaccination status, had developed the typical repertoire of macaque behaviors.This comprehensive 5-year case-control study, which closely examined the effects of pediatric vaccines on early primate development, provided no consistent evidence of neurodevelopmental deficits or aberrant behavior in vaccinated animals.
Abstract 3561: Pazopanib inhibits a subpopulation of PDGFR+ astrocytes in the neuro-inflammatory microenvironment of breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Brunilde Gril, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, Yong Qian, David J. Liewehr, Seth M. Steinberg, Diane Palmieri, Patricia S. Steeg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Brain metastases occur in approximately 35% of metastatic breast cancer patients whose tumors overexpress HER2. Using a quantitative model system to study breast cancer brain metastasis, HER2 overexpression increased the brain colonization of a brain seeking subline of MDA-MB-231 cells (231-BR-HER2). Since HER2 has been shown to induce overexpression of VEGF, we hypothesized that the anti-angiogenic drug pazopanib would reduce the metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer cells in the brain. Pazopanib is a multispecific tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGFR-1, -2, and -3, PDGFR alpha and beta, and c-kit. We previously showed that pazopanib directly targets the tumor cell through the disruption of B-Raf pathway. Pazopanib prevented the outgrowth of 231-BR-HER2 large brain metastasis by 73% (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Metastasis has been described as an interaction of tumor cells and their environment. Here we evaluated the effect of pazopanib on the brain neuro-inflammatory microenvironment. Previously, activated microglia and activated GFAP-expression astrocytes were observed around and within experimental brain metastases as well as from resected human brain metastases of breast cancer. In our experiments, the 231-BR-HER2 cell line was injected into the left cardiac ventricle of immunocompromised mice; mice were treated with vehicle, 30mg/kg or 100mg/kg pazopanib twice a day beginning on day 3 post-injection. Brain metastases were counted using H&amp;E staining and brain slides were immunostained with markers for brain micro-environment components. In the brain metastases, using an antibody to the phosphorylation site tyrosine 751 of PDGFR beta, a subpopulation of GFAP+ astrocytes was observed, previously undescribed. P-PDGFR beta + astrocytes were only detected around the brain metastases, suggesting a specific activation of astrocytes by tumor cells. Pazopanib treatment resulted in a trend, 76% (p=0.13) and 80% (p=0.070) decrease of the pY751 PDGFR beta + astrocyte population, at 30 and 100mg/kg respectively. In contrast, Pazopanib did not have any effect on NG2+pericyte, collagen IV or microglia expression. The data suggest a specific effect of pazopanib on the brain microenvironment. Collectively, the data identify an effect of pazopanib on the brain microenvironment, as well as tumor cells, which makes this drug an interesting candidate for brain metastasis prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3561. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3561
Effects of Glucagon on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Coronary Blood Flow in Man and in Dog
Authors: JOEL H. MANCHESTER, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, JACK M. MATLOFF, A. JAMES LEIDTKE, PAUL J. LARAIA, MICHAEL V. HERMAN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, RICHARD GORLIN
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The effects of intravenous administration of glucagon (50 µg/kg) on left coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were studied in nine patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization and in six open-chested anesthetized dogs. Coronary blood flow was measured with the 133 Xe washout technic in man, and with an electromagnetic flowmeter placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery in the dogs. In the patients, glucagon produced a 31% increase in coronary blood flow and a 29% increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, with no change in coronary arteriovenous (A-V) O 2 difference across the heart. In the dogs glucagon produced a 114% increase in coronary blood flow and a 131% increase in myocardial oxygen consumption, again with no change in coronary A-V O 2 difference. Thus glucagon is a secondary coronary vasodilator in both man and dog. The modest chronotropic and inotropic effects of glucagon observed in man were only half as great as those observed in the dog. Part or all of this difference in dose-response relationship between the two species may be related to the different experimental conditions of the study.