tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attenuated Desensitization of β-Adrenergic Receptor by Water-Soluble N-Nitrosamines That Induce S-Nitrosylation Without NO Release
Authors: Noriko Makita, Yoji Kabasawa, Yuko Otani, None Firman, Junichiro Sato, Makiko Hashimoto, Michio Nakaya, Hiroaki Nishihara, Masaomi Nangaku, Hitoshi Kurose, Tomohiko Ohwada, Taroh Iiri
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The clinical problem of loss of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) response, both in the pathogenesis of heart failure and during therapeutic application of β-agonists, is attributable, at least in part, to desensitization, internalization, and downregulation of the receptors. In the regulation of β-AR signaling, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) primarily phosphorylates agonist-occupied β-ARs, and this modification promotes desensitization, internalization, and downregulation of β-ARs. It has been demonstrated that GRK2 is inhibited by its S-nitrosylation. However, compounds that induce S-nitrosylation, such as S-nitrosoglutathione, simultaneously generate NO, which has been demonstrated to operate for cardiovascular protection.We examine whether S-nitrosylation without NO generation inhibits desensitization of β(2)-AR by GRK2. We thus aim to synthesize compounds that specifically induce S-nitrosylation.We have developed water-soluble N-nitrosamines that have S-nitrosylating activity but lack NO-generating activity. These compounds, at least partly, rescue β-AR from desensitization in HEK 293 cells expressing FLAG-tagged human β(2)-AR and in rat cardiac myocytes. They inhibit isoproterenol-dependent phosphorylation and internalization of β(2)-AR. Indeed, they nitrosylate GRK2 in vitro and in cells, and their S-nitrosylation of GRK2 likely underlies their inhibition of β(2)-AR desensitization.Compounds that induce S-nitrosylation without NO release inhibit GRK2 and attenuate β(2)-AR desensitization. Developing water-soluble drugs that specifically induce S-nitrosylation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
Unsupervised nurses may soon give anaesthetics in United States
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Nurse anaesthetists in the United States may soon be able to give anaesthetics to some patients without the supervision of a doctor. After deliberating for more than two years, the Health Care Financing Administration, which provides health insurance to an estimated 74 million Americans through the Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children's Health Insurance Program, has announced that it will remove the requirement that all nurse anaesthetists who provide anaesthesia to Medicare patients must be supervised by a physician. Until now, when anaesthesia was administered to patients with Medicare, nurse anaesthetists had to be supervised by physicians in order for hospitals and ambulatory surgery centres to be reimbursed for the non-anaesthesia portion of the care. This rule has been in effect since 1966 when the Medicare programme was established. The agency first …
Differences in use of abbreviated mental test score by geriatricians and psychiatrists
Authors: J. Holmes, S. Gilbody
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Cognitive impairment is common in elderly people and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality,1 but confusion is often poorly recognised and documented by medical staff.2 3 Thus, routine cognitive screening of elderly patients in hospital has been recommended.4

One validated and widely used screening instrument is the abbreviated mental test score, in which the maximum score is 10 and a score below 7 suggests cognitive impairment.5 It is widely used in clinical and research settings in Britain for detecting and monitoring cognitive impairment and is easily administered and well tolerated by raters and subjects. Inconsistencies in giving and scoring the test will affect its reliability, validity, and sensitivity in detecting change. We noticed differences between colleagues in the use and scoring of this test and investigated how it was applied in routine clinical …
REMARKS ON A CASE OF SEVERE COMPOUND FRACTURE OF THE SKULL: RECOVERY
Authors: W. P. M'Eldowney, J. W. Cousins
Journal: BMJ (1907)

To understand better how selection processes balance the benefits of Ig repertoire diversity with the risks of autoreactivity and nonfunctionality of highly variable IgH CDR3s, we collected millions of rearranged germline IgH CDR3 sequences by deep sequencing of DNA from mature human naive B cells purified from four individuals and analyzed the data with computational methods. Long HCDR3 regions, often components of HIV-neutralizing Abs, appear to derive not only from incorporation of long D genes and insertion of large N regions but also by usage of multiple D gene segments in tandem. However, comparison of productive and out-of-frame IgH rearrangements revealed a selection bias against long HCDR3 loops, suggesting these may be disproportionately either poorly functional or autoreactive. Our data suggest that developmental selection removes HCDR3 loops containing patches of hydrophobicity, which are commonly found in some auto-antibodies, and at least 69% of the initial productive IgH rearrangements are removed from the repertoire during B cell development. Additionally, we have demonstrated the potential utility of this new technology for vaccine development with the identification in all four individuals of related candidate germline IgH precursors of the HIV-neutralizing Ab 4E10.
Patient Counseling and Education: Should Doctors Be Doing More?
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Current Clinical Issues18 April 2006Patient Counseling and Education: Should Doctors Be Doing More?Jennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-8-200604180-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Only 3% of U.S. citizens adhere to the 4 key healthy lifestyle characteristics—not smoking, maintaining healthy weight, eating adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, and exercising regularly—according to a recent telephone survey of 153 000 adults published in the Archives of Internal Medicine. Almost 10% of the respondents adhered to none of the 4 characteristics. The ramifications of such poor health behaviors are much more important than most people realize. Smoking, poor eating habits, and inactivity contribute to more than one third of deaths in the United States, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Although smoking rates ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.E-mail: [email protected]org PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byChanges and specificities in health behaviors among healthcare students over an 8-year periodThe association between medical students’ lifestyles and their attitudes towards preventive counseling in different countriesThe association between Colombian medical students' healthy personal habits and a positive attitude toward preventive counseling: cross-sectional analysesObesity-related knowledge and beliefs in obese adults attending a specialist weight-management service: Implications for weight loss over 1 yearBasic skills for working with smokers: A pilot test of an online course for medical studentsAssessment and Management of ObesityOver-the-Counter Orlistat 18 April 2006Volume 144, Issue 8Page: 621-624KeywordsBehaviorDietExerciseHabitsHealth promotionHypertensionObesityOverweightPrevention, policy, and public healthWeight loss ePublished: 18 April 2006 Issue Published: 18 April 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FORMATION OF AMINES BY INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS AND THE INFLUENCE OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE
Authors: J. Melnykowycz, K. R. Johansson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

Although gastric and intestinal contents from rats failed to show amino acid decarboxylase activity when tested against five different amino acids (glutamic acid, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, and histidine), the feces contained at least seven different amines, some known to be pharmacologically active. Putrescine, histamine, and tyramine were identified by means of paper chromatography in both intestinal material and mixed fecal cultures; four other spots were found, three of which had Rf values similar to agmatine, ethanolamine, and ephedrine. The formation of lysine and glutamic acid decarboxylases was not enhanced by an increased acidity during growth while increased oxygen tension was inhibitory to amino acid decarboxylase synthesis in these fecal cultures. The feeding of chlortetracycline to rats, or its presence at a very low concentration in media in which the mixed cultures were grown, reduced the capacity of intestinal microorganisms to produce amines. Cells from mixed fecal cultures grown in the presence of chlortetracycline lacked or contained but weak amino acid decarboxylase activities. The action of the enzymes themselves was unaffected by the presence of the antibiotic in the Warburg cup during assay. The results suggest that amines formed within the intestinal tract might be toxic to the rat, and that chlortetracycline accelerates animal growth by suppressing their production.
IMPAIRED ADENOSINE-INDUCED MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IN CHILDREN WITH MILD/MODERATE AORTIC STENOSIS IDENTIFIED USING QUANTITATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Authors: Michael Silberbach, Ronald Wells, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Daniel Woodward, David Sahn, Brian P. Diggs, Erin Madriago
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
EMBRYONAL CARCINOMA OF ABDOMINAL TESTIS IN A PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITE
Authors: A. P. VASTOLA
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The rarity of this case prompts me to record it. It is recorded also because it demonstrates the value of the Aschheim-Zondek test in determining the postoperative prognosis of a malignant growth of the testicle. <h3>History.</h3> —F. T., aged 33, consulted me for a congenital anomaly in 1917. His parents, three sisters and two brothers had no physical abnormalities. The past history was irrelevant. His social, physical and sexual inclinations were masculine. He was shy mannered and hypersensitive about his physical defect. His height, weight and muscular development were below the average for his age. Although his voice, skin, body contour and distribution of pubic hair were decidedly feminine, his breasts were those of a male. The genitalia consisted of a rudimentary imperforate penis, which was fixed firmly to a median raphe extending below to a bifid scrotum, each half of which resembled a labium majus. The penis, which appeared
Long-Term Toxicity After Definitive Chemoradiotherapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Thoracic Esophagus
Authors: Satoshi Ishikura, Keiji Nihei, Atsushi Ohtsu, Narikazu Boku, Shuichi Hironaka, Kiyomi Mera, Manabu Muto, Takashi Ogino, Shigeaki Yoshida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To assess the long-term toxicity after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. Patients and Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with SCC of the esophagus and treated with definitive CRT between 1992 and 1999 in our institution were recruited from our database on the basis of the following criteria: age ≤ 75 years, performance status (PS; based on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale) 0 to 2, and clinical tumor-node-metastasis system stage I to IVA. The CRT consisted of two cycles of cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8, and continuous infusion of fluorouracil 400 mg/m 2 /d on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, repeated every 5 weeks with concurrent radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions. For the assessment of toxicity, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer late radiation morbidity scoring scheme was adopted. Results: A total of 139 patients were recruited, and their characteristics were as follows: median age, 62 years (range, 38 to 75 years); 121 males and 18 females; 96 patients PS 0, 42 patients PS 1, and one patient PS 2; 15 patients T1, 11 patients T2, 60 patients T3, and 53 patients T4; and 101 patients M0, 38 patients M1a. With a median follow-up of 53 months, the median survival time and 5-year survival rate were 21 months and 29%, respectively. Of 78 patients with complete remission, two patients died as a result of acute myocardial infarction. Grade 2, 3, and 4 late toxicities occurred with the following incidences: pericarditis in eight patients, seven patients, and one patient, respectively; heart failure in zero, zero, and two patients; pleural effusion in seven, eight, and zero patients; and radiation pneumonitis in one patient, three patients, and zero patients, respectively. Conclusion: Definitive CRT for SCC of the esophagus is effective with substantial toxicities. Additional investigation to minimize the normal tissue toxicities is warranted.
Clinical and angiographic correlates of exercise-induced ST-segment elevation. Increased detection with multiple ECG leads.
Authors: D D Waters, B R Chaitman, M G Bourassa, J F Tubau
Journal: Circulation (1980)

ST-segment elevation was observed in 47 of 720 patients who underwent treadmill exercise testing using 14 ECG leads 1 day before coronary arteriography.This abnormality was detected in lead V. in only 13 of 47 patients (28%) and in lead CM5 in only nine of 47 patients (19%).In 36 patients previous myocardial infarction (27 anterior, nine inferior) was diagnosed on the resting ECG; in all cases the ST-segment elevation during exercise occurred in leads with Q waves.In 34 of 36 patients (94%) a corresponding left ven- tricular wall motion abnormality was present, usually (33 of 36, 92%) a dyskinetic or akinetic segment.All but two of the 36 patients had a coronary stenosis > 70% in the artery perfusing the involved region.Ten of the 11 patients with no ECG evidence of myocardial infarction had documented variant angina.In all 10 cases ST-segment elevation during exercise occurred in the same ECG leads as during spontaneous resting attacks.All 10 had normal left ventricular angiograms and only three had a coronary stenosis 2 70%.A large perfusion defect corresponding to the site of ST-segment elevation and not present at rest was detected in each of the six who had exercise thallium-201 scans.Four patients retested during treatment with nifedipine did not develop angina, ST changes or perfusion defects.These findings suggest that exercise-induced ST-segment elevation is probably caused directly by a segmental wall motion abnormality in patients with previous myocardial infarction, but by coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina.
Association of HELLP syndrome with autoimmune antibodies and glucose intolerance.
Authors: R Weitgasser, D Spitzer, I Kartnig, M Zajc, A Staudach, F Sandhofer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

HELLP syndrome is a severe form of preeclampsia, characterized by hemolysis (H), elevated liver enzymes (EL), and low platelets (LP), whose pathogenesis is unclear. Autoimmunity is thought to play an important role. After the observation of development of type 1 diabetes in a patient with HELLP syndrome, we assumed a possible disease association based on autoimmune reactions.We examined 70 women with HELLP syndrome for the presence of autoimmune markers and glucose intolerance. Free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroperoxidase antibodies, thyrotropin receptor antibodies, antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) and anti-DNA, islet cell antibodies, GADA, an oral glucose tolerance test, and HbA1c were determined postpartum. Patients with positive autoimmune markers or glucose intolerance were prospectively followed and repeated testing was performed. There were 60 women with a normal course of pregnancy matched for age, BMI, and number of pregnancies, which served as a control group.From the HELLP patients, 22 (31%) compared with only 6 (10%) control subjects had autoimmune antibodies (P < 0.01). There were 16 HELLP patients (23%) who exhibited only 1 kind of autoantibody (5 ANA, 9 thyroid antibodies, and 2 GADA), whereas in 6 HELLP patients (8.5%) 2 different antibodies were found. In all but 4 patients of the study group, these antibodies disappeared during 3 +/- 1.5 years of follow-up. Glucose intolerance was detected in 22 (31%) of the HELLP patients, 17 of them had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 5 had diabetes, whereas only 4 subjects (6.5%) with IGT at postpartum were found in the control group (P < 0.01). During the follow-up, 2 HELLP patients were still diabetic and another 2 HELLP patients (1 GADA positive) had IGT versus 1 control subject.Our data give evidence that HELLP syndrome is associated with various autoimmune antibodies and glucose intolerance. Because glucose intolerance and/or autoimmune markers persisted during long-term follow-up in 6 patients with HELLP syndrome versus 1 in the control group, it may become advisable to reexamine patients with HELLP syndrome for detection of diabetes and autoimmune disorders.
Nucleated Red Blood Cells and Artifactual Hypoglycemia
Authors: Chamel I Macaron, Adei Kadri, Zoubeida Macaron
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

A patient with chronic hemolytic anemia presented with an acute hemolytic crisis, a high count of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC), and artifactual hypoglycemia. Temporal events showed a parallel relationship between an increased number of nucleated RBCs and an excess in vitro consumption of glucose.
Enrichment of Genes in the Aortic Intima That Are Associated With Stratified Epithelium
Authors: Pampee P. Young, Vijay Modur, Amylynn A. Teleron, Jack H. Ladenson
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Arteries and veins are exposed to different pressures and are easily distinguished by morphology. Although several recent studies have focused on differential gene expression between the arterial and venous endothelium, the molecular distinctions that give rise to the dramatic structural distinctions between arteries and veins, such as in the organization of the intima, are not known.We used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to analyze the transcriptional profile of the mouse aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC), not restricting our analysis to the endothelium, to identify genes whose expression was enriched in aorta over other tissues and the IVC. By quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, these genes have been shown to be highly expressed in the mouse aorta and were either expressed at low levels or were undetectable in the murine IVC. By immunofluorescence analysis of human tissue, we determined that a subset of these aorta-enriched proteins exhibited a primarily intima-restricted expression. Intimal expression of at least a subset of these genes, plakoglobin, galectin 7, sciellin, and SPRR3, was also detected in other types of arteries but not in veins. Furthermore, SPRR3 expression in the intima was primarily associated with atheromas. The proteins identified are functionally related in that they are known to also be enriched in stratified epithelia, where they play an important role in stress-bearing and barrier properties.Vascular expression of these genes has not been reported previously. Our observations suggest that they may play a significant role in the mechanisms by which large arteries may adapt to biomechanical stress.
Dual Ectopic Thyroid: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Madhavi Chawla, Rakesh Kumar, Arun Malhotra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Ectopic thyroid tissue is an uncommon congenital aberration. It is further unusual for ectopic thyroid to be present at 2 different sites simultaneously. Only 19 cases of dual ectopic thyroid have been reported in the English literature. Most of the patients were adolescents and presented with anterior neck swelling with or without altered metabolic status. Lingual/sublingual thyroid was the most common ectopic location. Subhyoid was the most common site of a second ectopic thyroid in these patients. The thyroid scan has been used successfully to diagnose ectopic thyroid tissue. We report 4 such cases in which ectopic thyroid tissue was simultaneously present at 2 different locations using thyroid scanning. The literature of already reported cases is reviewed in detail.
Glomerular Charge and Size Selectivity Assessed by Changes in Salt Intake in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Katsunobu Yoshioka, Masahito Imanishi, Yoshio Konishi, Toshihiko Sato, Shiro Tanaka, Genjiro Kimura, Satoru Fujii
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate glomerular charge selectivity in patients with type 2 diabetes, we studied changes in fractional clearance of proteins with different sizes and charges when patients were placed on two diets with different salt contents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Nineteen patients with type 2 diabetes and normoalbuminuria (&amp;lt;20 μg/min, n = 8), microalbuminuria (20–100 μg/min, n = 7), or advanced albuminuria (&amp;gt;100 ug/min, n = 4) were placed on a low-salt diet (85 mEq of sodium daily) or a high-salt diet (255 mEq of sodium daily) for 1 week, and then on the other diet, in random order. Fractional clearances of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were calculated on the last 3 days of each diet. RESULTS In patients with normoalbuminuria, the high-salt diet increased the fractional clearance of IgG, which is electrically neutral, but the fractional clearance of albumin, which is anionic, was unaltered, suggesting that the pore charge of the glomerular barrier was unaffected. However, in patients with microalbuminuria, the high-salt diet increased the fractional clearances of IgG and albumin equally, indicating some neutralization of the pore charge. Fractional clearance of IgG in these first two groups was similar when salt intake was low, so pore size was the same in these groups. In patients with advanced albuminuria, fractional clearance of IgG was higher than in the other groups, indicating that size selectivity had worsened. CONCLUSIONS In type 2 diabetic patients, charge selectivity is lost before size selectivity as diabetic nephropathy progresses.
Digital necrosis in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome in the absence of cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis
Authors: R. Oppliger, F. Gay-Crosier, E. Dayer, C. Hauser
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Digital necrosis in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome in the absence of cutaneous eosinophilic vasculitis Get access R. Oppliger, R. Oppliger Division of Allergy and Immunology and †Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Gay‐Crosier, F. Gay‐Crosier Division of Allergy and Immunology and †Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Dayer, E. Dayer Institut Central des Hôpitaux Valaisans, 1950 Sion, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Hauser C. Hauser Division of Allergy and Immunology and †Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 14, SwitzerlandInstitut Central des Hôpitaux Valaisans, 1950 Sion, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 5, 1 May 2001, Pages 1087–1089, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04207.x Published: 01 May 2001
Re: Hendrik Van Poppel, Luigi Da Pozzo, Walter Albrecht, et al. A Prospective, Randomised EORTC Intergroup Phase 3 Study Comparing the Oncologic Outcome of Elective Nephron-Sparing Surgery and Radical Nephrectomy for Low-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;59:543–52
Authors: Raguram Ganesamoni, Ravimohan Mavuduru, Mayank Mohan Agarwal
Journal: European Urology (2011)