tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Migration of human leukocytes from soft agarose droplet: A simplified method for studying chemotaxis and spontaneous migration
Authors: Yigal Barak, Yocheved Karov, Stanley Levin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Studies of in vitro chemotaxis and spontaneous migration of human leukocytes using the accepted method with the Boyden‐chamber‐filter are troublesome, because of the need for specially constructed vessels as well as the difficulties caused by the use of membrane filters. We describe a new and simplified method for measuring human leucocyte chemotaxis, which is a modification of the recently described underagarose migration method and which is based upon spontaneous migration of cells from a soft agarose droplet and in response to a chemotactic gradient. We examined suspensions of leukocytes, purified granulocytes, and mononuclear cells from 10 healthy normal adults and from 10 samples of cord blood using E Coli O 111 B 4 endotoxin‐activated human serum as attractant. Our results showed that the mean chemotactic indices (C.I.‐chemotaxis/migration) for purified granulocytes and for mononuclear cells from normal individuals were 3.0 ± 1.2 and 2.7 ± 1.5, respectively. Chemotaxis was significantly reduced when unwashed leukocytes were studied, indicating a detrimental effect of autologous plasma on leukocytic response to a chemotactic stimulus in this system. Cord blood cells showed normal spontaneous migration, but significantly decreased chemotaxis. This preliminary report shows that the technique is simple, rapid, and reproducible, and can detect abnormalities of chemotaxis in both granulocytes and mononuclear cells.
Abstract 5400: Investigating the role of IDO in MUC1 expressing breast cancers
Authors: Dahlia Besmer, Amritha Kidiyoor, Sritama Nath, Lopamudra Das Roy, Jennifer Curry, Pinku Mukherjee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the U.S. and contributes to 40,000 deaths a year. Breast cancer vaccines are currently being considered as a clinical intervention that may reduce the chance of metastasis and recurrence, and perhaps even function to be effective in cancer prevention. MUC1, a membrane tethered mucin glycoprotein, is over expressed in &amp;gt;90% of breast cancers, and therefore has been recently described as the second most targetable tumor antigen by the National Cancer Institute. There are currently ongoing trials using the MUC1 vaccine in patients with metastatic breast cancer. However, immunotherapy has had limited success because tumors have the ability to undergo immune evasion tactics. This includes expression of Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) immunosuppressive enzymes. IDO was first identified in maintaining maternal tolerance towards the antigenically foreign fetus during pregnancy. Its activity is increased under pathological conditions, including during tumor development. IDO is emerging as a key player in T cell suppression and in the induction of immune tolerance to tumors. The present study is focused on understanding the role of IDO enzymatic activity on tumor development and immune function. In this study, we injected two cell lines that express IDO, and one cell line that is IDO null (MTAG, MTAG.MUC1 and IKOM, respectively). These cell lines were injected into either IDO null mice, or control c57/bk6 mice (n=3 each). We hypothesized that IDO expression in the tumor microenvironment of mice creates a pathological state of immune suppression resulting in altered tumor progression and immune function. We show that mice (whether they be IDO null or blk6) injected with IKOM cells have significantly slower tumor progression and rates of secondary metastasis as compared to those injected with IDO expressing tumor cells (p&amp;lt;0.05). In vitro, IKOM cells had significantly lower proliferative rates than the IDO expressing cells. Furthermore, mice injected with IKOM cells had a greater percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared to those mice injected with IDO expressing tumor cells. Mice injected with IDO expressing cells had a greater percentage of MDSC's characterized by the expression of gr1 and cd11b. Future studies would investigate the role of MUC1 based vaccines in combination with an IDO inhibitor, with the goal of reducing metastasis and increasing survival in patients with breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5400. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5400
Safety agency calls for old syringe drivers to be phased out, after deaths
Authors: J. Young
Journal: BMJ (2011)

NHS organisations have been told to phase out older style ambulatory syringe drivers, which are widely used in palliative care, after eight deaths in five years.

The National Patient Safety Agency issued the guidance to NHS organisations in England and Wales after 167 patient safety incidents between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2010. The eight deaths, four of which occurred in 2009, were a result of over-infusion of opiates. The agency says that significant overdoses of opiates given through over-infusion are likely to have caused respiratory depression or respiratory arrest.

Ambulatory syringe drivers are mainly used to deliver opioids in …
Allograft Inflammatory Factor-1 Expression Correlates With Cardiac Rejection and Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
Authors: Michael V. Autieri, Sheri Kelemen, Bernadette A. Thomas, Erika D. Feller, Bruce I. Goldman, Howard J. Eisen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Standard morphological features of endomyocardial biopsy specimens do not necessarily correlate with the efficacy of immunotherapy or development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). We hypothesized that expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1), a cytokine-inducible, calcium-binding protein associated with vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, would be associated with allograft rejection and development of CAV.A total of 157 endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 26 patients with heart transplants were examined for expression of AIF-1 mRNA by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A significant relation was found between the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation rejection grade and expression of AIF-1 (P<0.001). The calculated odds ratio indicates that a biopsy has 2.5 times the chance of AIF-1 expression per grade of rejection. The relative concentrations of AIF-1 and GAPDH mRNA were calculated and the resulting ratios indicated that the amount of AIF-1 mRNA expression is relative to the rejection grade (P<0.02). In grade 1 biopsy specimens, AIF-1 was localized to infiltrating immune cells. In grade 3 biopsy specimens, AIF-1 was observed in immune cells and myocytes. AIF-1 is expressed in vascular and immune cells in coronary arteries with CAV, and persistent expression of AIF-1 in the allograft correlates with development of CAV (P<0.002).Expression of AIF-1 in cardiac allografts correlates with rejection, and the amount of AIF-1 expressed correlates with the severity of rejection. AIF-1 is expressed in coronary arteries with CAV, and persistent expression of AIF-1 in the cardiac allograft is associated with development of CAV.
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF FLUORINE-18 LABELED ROTENONE ANALOGS
Authors: H. E. VanBrocklin, J. P. OʼNeil, J. D. Enas, S. M. Hanrahan, S. E. Taylor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

VanBrocklin, H. E.; O'Neil, J. P.; Enas, J. D.; Hanrahan, S. M.; Taylor, S. E. Author Information
Elevated Levels of hs-CRP Are Associated With High Prevalence of Depression in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Distress and Care Registry at Tenri (DDCRT 6)
Authors: Yasuaki Hayashino, Tsuyoshi Mashitani, Satoru Tsujii, Hitoshi Ishii
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Because of the absence of data on the direct association between inflammation and depression in patients with diabetes, we examined the association between hs-CRP levels and the high prevalence of depression in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained from 3,573 patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from a Japanese diabetes registry. A multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders was used to assess independent associations between hs-CRP levels and major depression, as defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. RESULTS Mean age, BMI, and HbA1c levels were 66.0 years, 24.6 kg/m2, and 7.4% (57.8 mmol/mol), respectively, and 122 patients (3.4%) suffered from major depression. In the age- and sex-adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) for major depression was 1.86 (95% CI 1.01–3.42; P = 0.045) in the highest CRP quintile compared with that in the 3rd CRP quintile; however, this association disappeared after adjustment for other possible confounders (OR 1.58 [95% CI 0.85–2.94]; P = 0.148). Among patients with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2, a significant association was observed between the highest hs-CRP quintile and major depression (multivariable-adjusted OR 2.69 [95% CI 1.09–7.08]; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS We observed a significant positive association between high hs-CRP levels and depression in patients with diabetes who had a high BMI.
Bone Scintigraphy Demonstrating Arthropathy of Central Joints in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: MAX S. LIN, H DANIEL FAWCETT, DAVID A. GOODWIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Bone scintigraphs in a case of ankylosing spondylitis exhibiting a characteristic involvement of sternal and spinal joints are described and discussed.
Physicians' Use and Opinions of Screening Tests in Ambulatory Practice
Authors: Barbara Bates
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Internists and general practitioners were interviewed in random sample to determine their opinions and use of 24 screening tests for patients aged 40 to 65 years. Present practice patterns ranged from urinalysis, done by 97% of physicians to mammography, done by 1%. A significant proportion reported many tests ideally desirable, although not now usually done. Most frequently cited reasons for not using ideally desired tests included patients' expense, physicians' reluctance to use tests without clinical indication, lack of office facilities, and amount of physicians' time and inconvenience. Most common reasons for not wanting other tests used were reluctance to use them without clinical indication, low yield, and expense. Although an automated multiphasic screening system may solve problems of logistics and expense, physicians' dependence on clinical indication and fear of losing medical control may reduce utilization.
Effect of endogenously produced leukotrienes and thromboxane on renal vascular resistance in rabbit hydronephrosis.
Authors: C R Albrightson, A S Evers, A C Griffin, P Needleman
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Ureteral obstruction in rabbits is characterized by mononuclear cell invasion of the renal cortex and proliferative fibrosis that is associated with exaggerated prostaglandin synthesis in response to vasoactive and inflammatory cell agonists. In this investigation, we studied the effects of the chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and bradykinin (BK) on eicosanoid synthesis and renal vascular resistance in the ex vivo perfused hydronephrotic kidney (HNK). Administration of fMLP resulted in the dose-dependent synthesis of leukotrienes, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostacyclin (PGI2). Peptidoleukotriene synthesis was monitored by specific radioimmunoassay and by guinea pig ileum bioassay and it was then validated by inhibition of the ileal contractile activity with the peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist FPL-55712. The leukotrienes produced were identified as LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 by comigration with authentic standards on reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and by ultraviolet spectroscopy. BK administration stimulated the synthesis of TXA2, PGE2, and PGI2 but not the synthesis of leukotrienes, in contrast to the results with fMLP, suggesting the involvement of different cell types. Administration of fMLP to the HNK also resulted in a renal vasoconstriction that was partially inhibited by FPL-55712 and that was completely inhibited by the thromboxane synthase inhibitor OKY-1581. Consistent with this result, exogenous administration of LTC4 resulted in the synthesis of TXA2 and in a renal vasoconstriction that was inhibited by either FPL-55712 or OKY-1581.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Pleuroperitoneal Communication in Cirrhosis Secondary to Polycythemia Vera
Authors: H. T. AMEREDES, JUDITH M. JOYCE, A. FECHER, R. LANDRENEAU, R. KEENAN, T. JACKSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

AMEREDES, H. T. M.D.; JOYCE, JUDITH M. M.D.; FECHER, A. M.D.; LANDRENEAU, R. M.D.; KEENAN, R. M.D.; JACKSON, T. M.D. Author Information
Primary malignant melanoma of the bronchus.
Authors: D. J. Farrell, A. P. Kashyap, T. Ashcroft, G. N. Morritt
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A rare case of primary malignant melanoma of the bronchus is described. Before considering this diagnosis, metastasis from an occult primary must be convincingly excluded and the tumour should conform to certain guidelines. This patient presented with a solitary lung tumour for which she underwent left lower lobectomy and continues to be tumour free 54 months after surgery. Two possible mechanisms of aetiology are suggested.
The Importance of Specific IgG, IgE Antibodies to Retinal S Protein, Type II Collagen and Alternaria in Idiopathic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: J.C. Muino, R. Smith, J.D. Luna, M.D. Romero, M. Ferrero, C.P. Juárez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Promoting children's home safety.
Authors: J C Catford, V Hempsall, D Nutbeam
Journal: BMJ (1982)

SIR,-The differences in peripheral blood eosinophil counts in acute and chronic asthma as described by Dr A R Luksza and Dr D K Jones (30 October, p 1229) are of great interest.The authors state that the eosinopenia accompanying acute asthmatic attacks may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the attack.An alternative interpretation of their results, however, could be that changes in eosinophil counts with exacerbations of asthma are secondary to the release of inflammatory mediators.The pathological features of acute asthma include sloughing of the superficial epithelium, thickening of the basement membrane, excess mucus production, and the presence of large numbers of eosinophils in both the mucus and the walls of the bronchi.'Consistent with this is the clinical finding of increased sputum eosinophil counts.These pathological features can be explained by the intrapulmonary release of mast-cell-associated preformed and newly generated inflammatory mediators such as histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factors, the sulphidopeptide leukotrienes, prostanoids, and platelet activating factors.2Eosinophil chemotactic factors, histamine, and leukotriene B4 are powerful chemoattractants for eosino- phils resulting in the migration of these cells from the circulation to the local sites of mediator release.This chemotaxis is enhanced
1077-67 Guideline-based standardized care substantially reduces mortality in medicare patients with acute myocardial infarction: The American college of cardiology's guidelines applied in practice program in Michigan
Authors: Kim A Eagle, Cecelia K Montoye, Arthur L Riba, Anthony C DeFranco, Robert Parrish, Stephen Skorcz, Patricia L Baker, Benrong Chen, Canopy Roychoudhury, Rajendra H Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Controlled clinical trials on balneophototherapy in psoriasis
Authors: T. Gambichler, N.S. Tomi, A. Kreuter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, With great interest we read the article by Dawe et al.1 recently published in this journal. The authors conducted a very important study on balneophototherapy (BPT), comparing Dead Sea salt soaks plus narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) with NB‐UVB monotherapy. Based on their observations the addition of pretreatment salt soaks to NB‐UVB did not result in a clinically important improvement in clearance of psoriasis. Strictly speaking, Dawe et al.1 have published the first randomized‐controlled trial (RCT) on Dead Sea salt soaks plus NB‐UVB. However, we would like to point to another important BPT study that was not cited by Dawe et al.1 In 2001, a French study group2 published an observer‐blinded, three‐arm RCT, comparing saline spa (Salies de Béarn) water baths alone, spa water baths plus NB‐UVB and NB‐UVB monotherapy in 71 patients with psoriasis. The authors concluded that spa water baths alone had a minor therapeutic effect in psoriasis, and the beneficial effect of bathing to enhance phototherapy was not demonstrated. However, the statistical power of this study could detect only large differences of at least 20% in variation of the clinical score.
Novel AICDA Mutation In Two Brazilian Sisters With Hiper-IgM Syndrome: Case Report
Authors: A.C. Pastorino, P.H. Reis, G.P. Stefani, N. Caratão, C.M.A. Jacob, V.M. Barreto, M. Carneiro-Sampaio
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Increased mitogenic activity of scleroderma serum: inhibitory effect of human recombinant interferon-gamma.
Authors: M Bryckaert, M Fontenay, F Liote, S Bellucci, R Carriou, G Tobelem
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVES--To investigate the role of platelet activation in the development of systemic sclerosis and the role of interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) in the inhibition of mitogenic activity induced by whole blood serum of patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS--The mitogenic activity of whole blood serum in the absence or presence of different concentrations of IFN gamma (a potent inhibitor of induced collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts) and platelet-poor plasma derived serum were tested on human dermal fibroblasts by measuring incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Platelet activation was determined by quantification of plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) using a beta-TG radioimmunoassay kit. RESULTS--The mitogenic activity was significantly increased in whole blood serum and in platelet-poor plasma derived serum of the patients compared with controls. In contrast, no significant increase in beta-TG concentration was observed in scleroderma platelet-poor plasma compared with control. Recombinant human IFN gamma had a greater inhibitory effect on the mitogenic activity induced by whole blood serum of patients than on that produced with control sera, at any concentration of IFN gamma tested. CONCLUSIONS--Our results suggest that mitogenic activity observed in the plasma of sclerodermic patients could originate from cells other than platelets and could be involved in the development of fibrosis. The potent inhibitory effect of IFN gamma on this proliferative activity may account for the beneficial effect of this cytokine in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis.
Law and Medicine: Text and Source Materials on Medico-Legal Problems
Authors: Elyce H. Zenoff
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Many writers who treat medicolegal problems create the impression that they intend to arm the physician or attorney with ammunition which will protect him in a strange and hostile land. The author of this volume regards the medicolegal field as a joint enterprise of the two professions, and his material is selected and presented in a manner which should persuade many readers to his viewpoint. This book has many unusual features. Most of the medical material is derived from original sources in medical treatises and periodicals. Hospital records, autopsy reports, and psychiatric reports as used in trials are included, as well as clinical notes. In addition to appellate court cases and law review articles, the conventional legal material used in a text, the book contains trial transcripts. These various materials are skillfully blended throughout the book. For example, the section which is devoted to the relation between trauma and disease
Differential requirement for the activation of the inflammasome for processing and release of IL-1β in monocytes and macrophages
Authors: Mihai G. Netea, Claudia A. Nold-Petry, Marcel F. Nold, Leo A. B. Joosten, Bastian Opitz, Jonathan H. M. van der Meer, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Gerben Ferwerda, Bas Heinhuis, Isabel Devesa, C. Joel Funk, Robert J. Mason, Bart Jan Kullberg, Anna Rubartelli, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Charles A. Dinarello
Journal: Blood (2008)
Haloperidol for Acute Amphetamine Poisoning: A Study in Dogs
Authors: John D. Catravas
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  The accidental or suicidal consumption of large doses of amphetamine has been the cause of a number of fatalities in the past,1and it seems likely to continue because of the increasing abuse of this class of compounds. Several investigations have associated the stimulatory actions of amphetamine with an increased dopaminergic activity.2,3Therefore, we decided to test the effectiveness of haloperidol, a butyrophenone with a known antidopaminergic activity,4as a possible antidote. A previous study in this laboratory showed haloperidol to be effective in antagonizing dextroamphetamine intoxication in rats.5  The experiments were performed on unanesthetized mongrel dogs. A lethal dose (LD100) of dextroamphetamine sulfate (10 mg/kg) administered intravenously produced severe systemic and left ventricular hypertension, marked fluctuations in the central venous pressure, increases in cardiac output and heart rate, pronounced hyperthermia, elevations of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase,
The "X-Ray RheumaCoach" software: a novel tool for enhancing the efficacy and accelerating radiological quantification in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M Wick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Precise diagnosis and follow up treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires objective quantification, which is still lacking. For this purpose, radiological analyses are considered to be the most appropriate method. <b>Objective:</b> To develop computer assisted quantification software that is particularly applicable to joint scoring in rheumatic disorders. <b>Methods:</b> 3914 radiographs from hands and feet of 190 patients with RA were collected, expertly examined, analysed, and statistically evaluated. Radiographs were quantified using the conventional Larsen score and the "X-Ray RheumaCoach" (XRRC) software. The XRRC is a Java stand alone application which can support and accelerate, but not fully automate, the scoring procedure in RA. The scorer can apply both the Larsen and the Ratingen-Rau scores. <b>Results:</b> Compared with conventional scoring procedures, the XRRC software accelerated quantification time by ~25%. The program, which is now available on the internet free of charge, ran stably and proved to be a consistently valuable tool. <b>Conclusions:</b> Compared with conventional scoring methods, the XRRC software offers several advantages: (<i>a</i>) structured data analysis and input that minimises variance by standardisation; (<i>b</i>) faster and more precise calculation of sum scores and indices; (<i>c</i>) permanent data storing and fast access to the software's database; (<i>d</i>) the possibility of cross calculation to other scores; (<i>e</i>) "user friendly" technology and a dedicated help program; (<i>f</i>) fast access and data transfer through the internet if desired; and (<i>g</i>) reliable documentation of results in a specially designed printout.