tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Severe Depressive Mood Changes Following Slow-release Intramuscular Fluphenazine Injection
Authors: R. de Alarcon, M. W. P. Carney
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Sixteen patients in whom schizophrenia was initially diagnosed and who were treated with fluphenazine enanthate or decanoate developed severe depression for a short period after the injection. In five cases this depression is thought to have been responsible for suicide. In 8 out of 10 cases the depression responded to electroplexy (E.C.T.). It is recommended that patients who are treated with fluphenazine should be carefully supervised.
Radioiodine Therapy of Hyperthyroidism Precludes Thallium-201 Myocardial Scintigraphy
Authors: JOSEPH A. ORZEL, WILLIAM B. KRUYER, RONALD D. BORCHERT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The authors attempted to perform TI-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in a 42-year-old man 23 and 35 days after he received 9.8 mCi of oral I-131 for documented Graves' disease. Interference from primary and scattered photons from residual thyroid I-131 made TI-201 myocardial scintigraphy technically Impossible. A series of phantom and patient studies using I-131 and TI-201 were performed, yielding guidelines for planning TI-201 myocardial scintigraphy following radioiodine therapy.
Local Literature Bias in Genetic Epidemiology: An Empirical Evaluation of the Chinese Literature
Authors: Zhenglun Pan, Thomas A Trikalinos, Fotini K Kavvoura, Joseph Lau, John P.A Ioannidis
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Postulated epidemiological associations are subject to several biases. We evaluated whether the Chinese literature on human genome epidemiology may offer insights on the operation of selective reporting and language biases.We targeted 13 gene-disease associations, each already assessed by meta-analyses, including at least 15 non-Chinese studies. We searched the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database for additional Chinese studies on the same topics. We identified 161 Chinese studies on 12 of these gene-disease associations; only 20 were PubMed-indexed (seven English full-text). Many studies (14-35 per topic) were available for six topics, covering diseases common in China. With one exception, the first Chinese study appeared with a time lag (2-21 y) after the first non-Chinese study on the topic. Chinese studies showed significantly more prominent genetic effects than non-Chinese studies, and 48% were statistically significant per se, despite their smaller sample size (median sample size 146 versus 268, p < 0.001). The largest genetic effects were often seen in PubMed-indexed Chinese studies (65% statistically significant per se). Non-Chinese studies of Asian-descent populations (27% significant per se) also tended to show somewhat more prominent genetic effects than studies of non-Asian descent (17% significant per se).Our data provide evidence for the interplay of selective reporting and language biases in human genome epidemiology. These biases may not be limited to the Chinese literature and point to the need for a global, transparent, comprehensive outlook in molecular population genetics and epidemiologic studies in general.
What Happened? You Can Tell Me: I'm a Provider-Reply
Authors: John W. Yunginger
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  The termemergency care providersin the abstract of our article was intended to be a summary reference to all individuals who by virtue of their occupation (physician, ambulance attendant, policeman, park ranger, schoolteacher, etc) may be called on to provide assistance to victims of anaphylaxis. This connotation should be apparent to those who took the time to read the entire article.
Scholar sports participation according to age and sex of students from urban public schools
Authors: A Marques, J Martins, F C da Costa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Inside schools, besides physical education (PE) classes, scholar sports (SS) represent a good opportunity for students to be involved with physical activities (PA). In Portugal almost all schools promote extracurricular sports activities and students have the opportunity to engage in formal PA free of charge, oriented by a PE teacher. The purpose of this study was to examine the sex and age differences in SS participation of students from an urban area, and the association of SS and attitudes toward school and PE. A total of 1214 boys (age 13±2 years) and 1254 girls (age 13±2 years), participated in the study. The students were grouped in age categories of 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years. Questionnaires were used for data collection. To analyse the differences in SS participation according to age the t test was used, and to compare sexes in each age group the authors used χ 2 . Cramer's V correlations were applied to identify the relationships between SS participation and attitudes toward school and PE. 18.4% of boys and 17.6% of girls reported to have participated in SS. Younger boys did not participate more than older boys in SS (t(1212)=−0.123, p=0.902). Among girls the mean age of participants was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that of nonparticipants (t(355 096)=1.441, p=0.150). Comparing both sexes, the only significant differences were in the 10-12 age group (χ 2 (1)=4.634, p=0.031), with boys participating more than girls. In the other age groups, boys and girls had similar levels of SS participation. A positive and significant correlation was observed between SS and attitude toward PE in boys (r=0.100; p=0.016), and girls (r=0.221; p&lt;0.001), but it was not strong. No correlation was found between SS and attitude toward school. Considering that attending school is mandatory, the levels of SS participation were very low. The results suggest that SS is a good tool to determine differences between sexes, and to improve older girls PA participation. Though the strength of the correlation between SS and attitude toward PE was weak, it seems that developing a positive attitude toward PE could improve SS participation, which would be an important factor in increasing students' general levels of PA practice.
The U.S. and Canadian Health Care Systems: Views of Resident Physicians
Authors: Rodney A. Hayward, Richard L. Kravitz, Martin F. Shapiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

▪ Objective: To evaluate U.S. and Canadian resident physicians' views about their health care systems. ▪ Design: Self-administered questionnaire survey in 1989. ▪ Participants: Senior family medicine and internal medicine residents in Canada and in ten geographically representative American states. ▪ Main Results: American and Canadian residents had similar levels of professional satisfaction and almost universally agreed on the ethical obligation to provide care to persons of all social circumstances, but U.S. residents were more likely to perceive a serious access problem in their country (75% compared with 18%) and to think that current controls on the medical profession interfere with patient care (81% compared with 58%; P < 0.001). In addition, U.S. residents were more likely than Canadian residents to believe that primary care salaries were too low (78% compared with 38%) and that salaries of medical subspecialists (57% compared with 17%) and surgeons (85% compared with 28%) were too high. In general, residents preferred their own country's predominant health care system. Whereas 87% of U.S. physicians supported private fee-for-service health care, 85% of Canadian physicians supported government-funded national health insurance. Nonetheless, 42% of U.S. physicians supported and only 17% strongly opposed national health insurance as an alternative approach. About two thirds of respondents from both countries opposed a salaried national health service. ▪ Conclusions: American residents perceived greater problems with access, overall intrusions into medical practice, and fee disparities than did their Canadian counterparts. They preferred private fee-for-service health care, but few strongly opposed government-funded national health insurance as an alternative approach to the health care needs of the United States.
Randomized intravascular ultrasound comparison between patients that underwent amorphous hydrogenated silicon-carbide coated stent deployment versus uncoated stents
Authors: Luiz F. Tanajura, Alexandre A. Abizaid, Fausto Feres, Ibraim Pinto, Luiz Mattos, Rodolfo Staico, Joao de Paula, Andrea S. Abizaid, Marinella Centemero, Aurea J. Chaves, Angela Paes, Ana Seixas, Amanda Sousa, Jose Eduardo M. Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Of jugglers, mechanics, communities, and the thyroid gland: how do we achieve good quality data to improve public health?
Authors: W Karmaus
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Our knowledge about the distribution of exposures to toxic chemicals in various communities is limited. Only about 6% of approximately 1,400 toxic chemicals have been identified in surveys. Even for those chemicals that are measured, information is often insufficient to identify smaller populations at high risk. The question is whether information about the distribution of diseases in communities can help identify environmental risks, indicate areas of concern, and thus substitute exposure information. Thyroid disorders represent a large group of diseases that cannot be recorded into registries because of the lack of clear caseness; community-based monitoring of subtle health effects is needed. Thus, to identify potential health risks in communities, epidemiologic studies including effect and human exposure monitoring are necessary. However, to overcome the limitation of nonsystematic case studies, the development of a network of exposed communities concerned about exposures is proposed. A network would provide assessments of exposures and health outcomes, with different communities mutually serving as exposed and control groups. Such a network would foster communication and prevention measures within communities often left out of the dissemination of information about risks identified in studies conducted with residents of these communities.
Long-term Use of Phenylbutazone in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: R. M. Mason, V. L. Steinberg
Journal: BMJ (1960)

ECZEMA-ASTHMA SYNDROME MBRfO Some aspects of the prognosis of the eczema-asthma syndrome are discussed, with some observations on the use of tests of ventilatory function in the assessment of these children.We thank Dr. R. Hall, who suggested this review, for his interest, Professor 0. L. Wade for advice, and Dr. J. Jefferson for selecting the seborrhoeic and contact dermatitis cases.Dr
Changing attitudes to the management of severe head injuries.
Authors: W Lewin
Journal: BMJ (1976)

as a medical student.He was a founder of British neurosurgery.Some of his other interests have a contemporary ring.Thus he helped to provide the pathological proof of an outbreak of rabies among the deer in Richmond Park in 1888, while his friendship with Pasteur and his vigorous advocacy led to the muzzling of dogs and finally the quarantine restrictions which helped stamp out the disease from Britain at that time.We find him in 19121 reporting on the forcible feeding of suffrage prisoners and urging its reconsideration, echoed in October 1975 by the World Medical Association in the "Dec- laration of Tokyo," which set out the role of the doctor in relation to these and other practices in a manner which I believe Sir Victor would have approved.In his medicopolitical activities Sir Victor made strenuous efforts to change the constitution of the BMA with the establishment of the Representative Body proper, of which he was its first Chairman in 1903.All these contributions to medicine and society Horsley pursued with energy, concentration, and almost apostolic fervour.Horsley made little direct contribution to the subject of cerebral concussion or the management of head injury, though he did study the mechanics of cerebral compression.Together with Kramer he also showed that intracranial pressure rose immediately after head injury and that the primary cause of death was due not to heart failure but to arrest of respiratory
Cost-effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Matthew L. Maciejewski, David E. Arterburn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

IMPORTANCE-Bariatric surgery is a well-documented treatment for obesity, but there are uncertainties about the degree to which such surgery is associated with health care cost reductions that are sustained over time.OBJECTIVE-To provide a comprehensive, multiyear analysis of health care costs by type of procedure within a large cohort of privately insured persons who underwent bariatric surgery compared with a matched nonsurgical cohort. DESIGN-Longitudinalanalysis of 2002-2008 claims data comparing a bariatric surgery cohort with a matched nonsurgical cohort. SETTING-SevenBlueCross BlueShield health insurance plans with a total enrollment of more than 18 million persons.PARTICIPANTS-A total of 29 820 plan members who underwent bariatric surgery between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2008, and a 1:1 matched comparison group of persons not undergoing surgery but with diagnoses closely associated with obesity. MAIN-OutcomeMeasures Standardized costs (overall and by type of care) and adjusted ratios of the surgical group's costs relative to those of the comparison group.
GRISEOFULVIN IN DERMATOMYCOSES
Authors: George C. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Griseofulvin was administered orally in uniform doses of 1,000 mg. daily to 80 patients with dermatomycoses due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum lanosum. Studies of blood and urine were made at four-week intervals. Six of the ten patients with gastrointestinal side-effects were forced to stop therapy. Success of the medication varied with the site and fungus. Greatest success occurred in patients with rubrum tinea corporis and in those with onychomycosis due to T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes. Acute dermatophytosis, especially of the soles, toe webs, and groin, showed less prompt response to orally given griseofulvin than to topical therapy. Dermatoses similar to fungus infections did not respond to griseofulvin.
Is brain tumor recurrence increased following growth hormone treatment?
Authors: Thomas Moshang
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1995)

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency and resultant growth failure are common sequelae in children with brain tumors, often requiring treatment with GH. Several studies over the past decade have addressed the concern as to whether GH treatment in these children results in an increased rate of tumor recurrence. The findings in general are reassuring, although there are analytic problems with all the studies. This present article reviews the previously published studies, as well as the experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Breast cancer screening among women younger than age 50: a current assessment of the issues
Authors: R. A. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2000)

In the hope of resolving underlying policy questions related to the value of breast cancer screening with mammography for women younger than 50 years of age, the National Institutes of Health and the National Cancer Institute in 1997 jointly sponsored a consensus conference on the subject. While the panel concluded that the data were insufficient to endorse mammography for this age group apart from individual choice, the conclusion was not the "consensus" sought by many of those with strong opinions on both sides of this issue, and the debate raged on. Prior to the 1997 conference, and since, meta-analyses of trial data and assessments of service screening programs have indicated that breast cancer screening with mammography for women between 40 and 49 meets recommended levels of performance compared with performance in women 50 years and older, especially if programs achieve high quality and screen at 12-to-18 month intervals. Because the detectable preclinical phase is shorter in younger women who develop breast cancer compared with that in women 50 years of age or older, a key component of any screening program for those younger than 50 is an appropriate screening interval. Many of the screening programs that had historically been developed for women in their forties--and whose disappointing results contributed to the confusion and controversy about the efficacy of mammography in younger women--had a 24-month screening interval, which was not found to be of significant benefit for early detection of breast cancer in this age group. While a new emphasis of this controversy has focused on the balance of benefits and harms in women ages 40 to 49, women of all ages need to be fully informed about the benefits and limitations of breast cancer screening--more specifically, what to expect at the time of screening, and what to expect from screening. There are differences in the performance and effectiveness of mammography in different age groups of women aged 40 and older, but these differences are not so great to question the value of screening in any one group. While some questions remain unresolved, the efficacy of mammography in women ages 40 to 49 should no longer be considered controversial.
Neutralization of tumor-derived soluble Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein ligand increases NK cell anti-tumor reactivity
Authors: Katrin M. Baltz, Matthias Krusch, Tina Baessler, Benjamin J. Schmiedel, Anita Bringmann, Peter Brossart, Helmut R. Salih
Journal: Blood (2008)
Effects of altering dietary essential fatty acids on requirements for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a double blind placebo controlled study.
Authors: J J Belch, D Ansell, R Madhok, A O'Dowd, R D Sturrock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) benefit from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is mediated through inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme, thereby decreasing production of the 2 series prostaglandins (PGs). The lipoxygenase enzyme is intact, however, allowing leucotriene (LT) production, e.g., LTB4 (an inflammatory mediator). Treatment with evening primrose oil (EPO) which contains gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) leads to production of the 1 series PGs, e.g., PGE1, which has less inflammatory effects. Also LT production is inhibited. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, fish oil) treatment provides a substrate for PGs and LTs, which are also less inflammatory. In this study 16 patients with RA were given 540 mg GLA/day (EPO), 15 patients 240 mg EPA and 450 mg GLA/day (EPO/fish oil), and 18 patients an inert oil (placebo). The aim of this study was to determine if EPO or EPO/fish oil could replace NSAID treatment in RA. The initial 12 month treatment period was followed by three months of placebo for all groups. Results at 12 months showed a significant subjective improvement for EPO and EPO/fish oil compared with placebo. In addition, by 12 months the patients receiving EPO and EPO/fish oil had significantly reduced their NSAIDs. After 3 months of placebo those receiving active treatment had relapsed. Despite the decrease in NSAIDs, measures of disease activity did not worsen. It is suggested that EPO and EPO/fish oil produce a subjective improvement and allow some patients to reduce or stop treatment with NSAIDs. There is, however, no evidence that they act as disease modifying agents.
Gene transfer for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Michael J. Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Ten years ago the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene was cloned. The discovery of the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl– channel marked the opening of Chapter 1 in the development of gene transfer as a treatment for this common autosomal recessive disease. One year later, Chapter 1 ended when expression of CFTR in CF epithelial cells corrected the CF Cl– transport defect. From this chapter, we obtained a critical reagent, the CFTR cDNA, and we learned that gene therapy might be feasible.

Chapter 2, the initial experiments in gene transfer to people with CF, began in 1993. Since then several studies have administered the CFTR cDNA to humans using adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and cationic lipid vectors. The paper by Harvey et al. in this issue of the JCI (1) brings Chapter 2 to a close. Now it is time to ask what have we learned from this paper and from Chapter 2, and where to go from here.

Harvey et al (1) sprayed a recombinant adenovirus (E1–, E3–) encoding CFTR onto a small region of bronchial epithelium in people with CF. By using quantitative RT-PCR, they learned that generation of vector-derived transcripts was dose-dependent and, at the highest doses, the normal CFTR transcripts were present at levels >5% of the levels of the endogenous mutated transcripts. 5–10% is significant because that level might be sufficient to have a clinical impact, provided all the cells have a few transcripts or transcripts are present in at least 5–10% of epithelial cells (2, 3). Because of technical limitations, the authors could not address these caveats directly, but their data are not inconsistent with these requirements. Thus, the results are encouraging.

In summary, from Chapter 2 we learned that gene transfer to humans with CF works, and gene therapy should work. We now know that CFTR can be expressed in appropriate target tissues, that expression can complement the CF loss of Cl– transport in vivo in humans, and that gene transfer is safe. Thus, there are no theoretical or fundamental problems that absolutely prevent the development of gene therapy. However, we have also learned of some significant barriers and limitations.

Two challenges that must be met in the next chapter on gene therapy for CF include limited efficiency of gene transfer and limited persistence of expression. These two issues are related: if the duration of expression could be increased, a lower transduction rate might be acceptable — and, to a lesser extent, the converse.
A Man with Labile Blood Pressure
Authors: Ronald C. W Ma, Kwok Hing Yiu, Edward H. C Wong, Kin Hung Liu, Joseph Y. S Chan, Chun Chung Chow, Clive S Cockram
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Ronald Ma and colleagues discuss the differential diagnosis and management of a patient who presented with recurrent episodes of chest discomfort, palpitations, and labile blood pressure.
Pregnant asylum seekers
Authors: H. E. D. Burchett, R. Bragg
Journal: BMJ (2010)

McCartney mentioned Aspinall and Watters' report, which highlights poorer pregnancy outcomes among refugees.1 2 Let there be no doubt about what poorer means: asylum seekers and refugees are more likely than the general population to die during pregnancy or childbirth.3Maternal health complications and neonatal deaths and complications are likely to be even more prevalent.In 2003 the House of Commons Select Committee on Health gathered evidence on the poor access to health services for pregnant asylum seekers.4It noted that pregnant women were being detained in immigration centres, despite the government's policy that pregnant women should not usually be considered suitable for detention.Some of the evidence came from qualitative research undertaken by the Maternity Alliance.5It found that the biggest challenge was knowing what kinds of services and support were available.Pregnant women tend to be among the most vulnerable and so act as a key indicator for service provision-if their risk of poor health is increased, services for others are also likely to be seriously problematic.Maternity Action (www.maternityaction.org.uk), a charity campaigning to end inequality and promote the health and wellbeing of all pregnant women and their partners and children, is developing training courses for midwives, with funding from Comic Relief, to improve care for women refugees and asylum seekers.However, without broader policy interventions (and their enforcement), the health and healthcare experiences of these groups are likely to remain poor.