tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Acute Hand Injuries: A Biological Approach
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The scope of this interesting compilation of basic scientific data, with their clinical application to practical matters, is so extensive that a clear picture is impossible to give in brief. There are three major sections, each concerning "management" from a different point of view. The first is on the biological evidence, the second, on the clinical techniques, the third, on the postoperative problems. The authors consider that the second of these "has reached a plateau" and that advances will be made only in the first and third areas. Nevertheless the surgeon responsible for the care of acute hand injuries will find the second section enlightening. Understanding the basic biological principles discussed in the earlier section will add even greater meaning to the treatment of the clinical problem. "Wound Healing and Tissue Coverage," of vital importance for the hand, is the title of chapter 1. Collagen synthesis, wound contraction and remodelling,
Biglycan and decorin gene expression in normal and fibrotic rat liver: Cellular localization and regulatory factors
Authors: Dieter H. Meyer, Nora Krull, Kevin L. Dreher, Axel M. Gressner
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The expression of genes encoding the core proteins of the novel small chondroitin/dermatan sulfate proteoglycans decorin and biglycan was studied in the livers of normal rats and in liver tissue during fibrogenesis induced by prolonged bile-duct ligation and thioacetamide poisoning. The cell types responsible for the expression of these transcripts and some key regulatory factors were identified. Both biglycan and decorin messenger RNAs were detected in normal liver tissue. Their relative abundance increased strongly during liver fibrogenesis, reaching highest levels in cirrhotic tissue 8 wk after common bile-duct ligation and after 12 wk of peroral thioacetamide administration, respectively. Specific proteoglycan transcripts were almost absent in hepatocytes from normal and regenerating liver, and only trace amounts were observed in freshly isolated and cultured Kupffer cells. Fat-storing cells clearly expressed both biglycan and decorin transcripts. The steady-state levels of their messenger RNAs increased threefold (biglycan) and fourfold (decorin) during primary culture. Myofibroblastlike cells (transformed fat-storing cells after the second passage) contained dramatically reduced levels of decorin messenger RNA and also lower levels of biglycan messenger RNA compared with primary cultures. These changes of core protein messenger RNA expression were not reflected by the synthesis rates of medium proteoglycans labeled with 35S as Na2SO4, in particular that of medium chondroitin sulfate. Transiently acidified (but not native) conditioned media from Kupffer cells and myofibroblastlike cells and transforming growth factor-beta 1 enhanced the relative abundances of biglycan and decorin messenger RNAs up to five times in primary-cultured fat-storing cells. Biglycan and decorin in myofibroblastlike cells did not respond to these stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Determination of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationships by the conductance (volume) catheter technique.
Authors: D A Kass, T Yamazaki, D Burkhoff, W L Maughan, K Sagawa
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Using a multielectrode conductance catheter to estimate continuous left ventricular volume we determined the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) in situ in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Dogs (n = 8) were studied in the control state and after pharmacologic sympathectomy (hexamethonium) and surgical vagotomy both before and after the administration of dobutamine. ESPVR was measured during brief (5 to 6 sec) preload reduction by balloon occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVCBO). The relationship was highly reproducible. The slope (Ecs) and volume intercept (Vo) (mean +/- SD) in the control series were 5.8 +/- 3.6 mm Hg/ml and 6.5 +/- 12.5 ml, respectively. Upon release of the IVCBO (preload recovery), Ecs was 7.7 +/- 3.6 mm Hg/ml and Vo was 12.4 +/- 9.6 ml (p less than .01). Autonomic blockade produced a 50% reduction in Ecs and a concomitant decrease in Vo (p less than .01), and eliminated the difference between ESPVR generated by preload reduction (IVCBO) and preload recovery (IVCBO release). Subsequent dobutamine infusion increased Ecs to 6.1 +/- 3.5 mm Hg/ml and Vo to 4.1 +/- 6.9 ml, consistent with reported changes of the ESPVR with positive inotropic intervention. A small artifact of right ventricular filling was observed in the left ventricular volume catheter signal, but this did not appreciably alter the ESPVR. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the determination of ESPVR in situ by the conductance catheter and brief IVCBO and underline the importance of the use of rapid load changes to minimize reflex activation during the measurements.
Abstract C84: Application of sensitive EMT reporter to identification of breast cancer stem cell-related genes
Authors: Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa, Yoshiaki Matsumoto, Junji Ito, Yoshie Shiojiri, Ellis Reinherz, Masakazu Toi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature in breast cancer stem cell. In order to identify genes responsible for EMT/stemness, we have established a novel reporter system, in which mammary epithelial cells undergoing EMT can be visualized and positively selected by expression of GFP and blasticidine-resistant (BsR) genes, respectively. By incorporating tetracycline-responsive transactivator (rTA) and tetracycline-responsive element (TRE), vimentin promoter activity could be successfully amplified, which make it possible to induce sufficient Bsr/GFP fusion protein. Snail introduction can induce GFP+ CD44hi population by 30%. Using this reporter cell line, cDNA libraries derived from aggressive breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT549 were screened. Snail cDNA was isolated from several clones with GFP+ CD44hi. An shRNA library screening identified several candidate genes, which might be responsible for maintenance of epithelial phenotype. GFP-positive epithelial cells were identified in the original cells, which enable us to identify early EMT markers. By replacing the vimentin promoter with E-cadherin promoter, we could successfully establish a reporter system for mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Through these attempts, we are aiming to identify molecular targets in breast cancer stem cell and triple-negative breast cancer. Citation Format: Kiyotsugu Yoshikawa, Yoshiaki Matsumoto, Junji Ito, Yoshie Shiojiri, Ellis Reinherz, Masakazu Toi. Application of sensitive EMT reporter to identification of breast cancer stem cell-related genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C84.
Doctor bashing and the brain drain
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The authors present the case of a 43-year-old male who presented at the emergency department, with a mean arterial pressure of 48 mm of Hg, a sinus tachycardia of 142/min and shallow breathing at 30/min. Two days previously, he started a high-grade fever with a concomitant reddish and painful left knee and right elbow, without any treatment. Septic shock was diagnosed and the patient was started on empiric antibiotics combining ceftriaxone and vancomycin and vasopressors (norepinephrine). The painful knee and elbow joints were aspirated and cultures grew <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>. The patient’s clinical condition improved progressively and after investigation, the diagnosis of multiple myeloma was concluded. Pneumococcal septic arthritis, an extraordinary cause of septic arthritis, is a manifestation of an underlying disease and can be responsible for septic shock. Its diagnosis should direct further investigations. It can occur in patients with joint disease but should emphasise the search of systemic immunosuppression.
The Rise and Fall of the Futility Movement
Authors: P R Helft, M Siegler, J Lantos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Between 1987 and 1996, the concept of “medical futility” was debated in the medical community with a vehemence that few philosophical concepts elicit. Before 1987, the concept was virtually unrecognized. Interest in the concept peaked in 1995, when 134 articles on the topic were published, and has subsequently waned; a Medline search of the key word “futility” for the year 1999 yielded only 31 articles.The movement to establish a policy on futile treatment was an attempt to convince society that physicians could use their clinical judgment or epidemiologic skills to determine whether a particular treatment would be futile in . . .
Probucol Promotes Functional Reendothelialization in Balloon-Injured Rabbit Aortas
Authors: Antony K. Lau, Steven B. Leichtweis, Peter Hume, Ryuichi Mashima, Jing Y. Hou, Xavier Chaufour, Barbara Wilkinson, Nicholas H. Hunt, David S. Celermajer, Roland Stocker
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Probucol remains the only conventional drug that reduces restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Apart from its weak cholesterol-lowering effect, probucol has antioxidant properties, but it remains unclear how this drug inhibits restenosis.Aortic balloon-injured New Zealand White rabbits were fed 2% (wt/wt) cholesterol-enriched or normal chow, with 0.75% (wt/wt) probucol (P) or without (controls, C) for 6 weeks. Endothelial denudation of the abdominal aorta was performed at week 3 with a 3F Fogarty embolectomy catheter. The arteries were harvested after week 6 and analyzed for histology, lipids and antioxidants, and endothelial regeneration and function. Probucol significantly decreased aortic intima-to-media ratio (cholesterol-fed: C, 1.10+/-0.08 versus P, 0.70+/-0.10; normal: C, 0.89+/-0.02 versus P, 0.83+/-0.05; P<0.05) and the numbers of proliferating intimal smooth muscle cells and lowered serum cholesterol without altering the proportion of aortic lipids that was oxidized. Probucol promoted endothelial regeneration in the injured aorta in cholesterol-fed rabbits (25% increase in reendothelialization, P<0.05) and in those on normal chow (37% increase, P<0.01). This was associated with both improved endothelial function as assessed by enhanced aortic ring relaxation and cGMP production in response to acetylcholine and decreased intimal thickening.Probucol inhibits intimal thickening in balloon-damaged arteries of rabbits by promoting the regeneration of functional endothelium, without affecting the proportion of aortic lipids that was oxidized. This novel in vivo finding helps explain how probucol inhibits restenosis after coronary angioplasty and highlights potential new targets for therapeutic intervention.
Surgery for Recurrent Colon Cancer: Strategies for Identifying Resectable Recurrence and Success Rates after Resection
Authors: Richard M. Goldberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Follow-up testing after surgery for colon cancer is recommended principally to identify resectable recurrences, but data on the efficacy of, outcomes of, and optimal strategies for this testing are limited. Objectives: To determine the relation between follow-up tests and salvage surgery, assess outcomes, and document surgical mortality. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: A North American multi-institutional trial comparing postoperative chemotherapy plus follow-up with follow-up alone. Patients: 1247 patients with resected stage II and stage III colon cancer. Intervention: The protocol mandated follow-up testing that could be supplemented at the discretion of treating physicians. Indications of recurrent disease were documented. Measurements: Recurrence, resectable recurrence, surgical mortality, and survival were studied. Results: 548 patients had recurrence of colon cancer. Salvage surgery was attempted in 222 patients (41%). In 109 patients (20%), curative-intent surgery was done for hepatic recurrence (28 patients), pulmonary metastasis (20 patients), local recurrence (24 patients), or recurrence at other sites (37 patients). Most curative-intent surgical procedures were motivated by follow-up testing (36 patients), elevated carcinoembryonic antigen level (41 patients), or symptoms (27 patients). The median follow-up time after curative-intent surgery exceeded 5 years; the estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate was 23%. A solitary lesion was a favorable prognostic factor. The surgical mortality rate was 2%. Curative-intent resections were done in 15 patients with second primary colorectal cancer; 12 of these patients have survived disease-free. Conclusions: Second operations for colon cancer that are triggered by follow-up testing or symptoms are common and can result in long-term disease-free survival.
Effect of activation sequence on ventricular refractoriness as determined by extrastimuli
Authors: N. J Linker, M. Dancy, M. Malik, S. Jones, D. E Ward
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to determine by the extrastimulus method the effect on the right and left ventricular effective refractory periods of moving the site of the pacing train away from the site of the extrastimulus.The ventricular effective refractory period was measured at the right and left ventricular apices using pacing trains at two heart rates, delivered to the ipsilateral ventricle, the contralateral ventricle, and the right atrium.Seven patients (six male), mean age 52 years (range 26-75 years), with either documented (six) or suspected (one) ventricular tachycardia were studied. Four had ischaemic heart disease and the remaining three had morphologically normal hearts.The pacing train and extrastimulus delivered in the right ventricle produced the shortest effective refractory period at both heart rates: 220.8(SD 19) ms and 207.9(16) ms respectively. As the pacing train was moved to the right atrium, the effective refractory period lengthened to 246.4(22) ms and 219.3(20) ms at the two heart rates. There was further lengthening as the site of the pacing train was moved to the left ventricle, to 269.2(20) ms and 240.7(35) ms respectively. The same pattern was observed in the left ventricular effective refractory periods as the pacing train was moved from left ventricle to right ventricle and to right atrium.The ventricular effective refractory period lengthens as the site of the pacing train is moved away from the site of the extrastimulus. This may be explained by the effects of the distribution of the pacing energy within the myocardium and by intercellular electrotonic interactions. This has important clinical implications for the arrhythmogenic mechanisms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Survival of the fittest?
Authors: H G Sturzaker
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Mr X. ... I am not sure whether the secretary of the inter viewing committee ever finishes the sentence but for four to six anxiously waiting candidates it means that one of them has been chosen to join that select group of people called consultant surgeons. My name was called just over an hour ago?at least I think it was for I still feel rather flattened and shocked by the news. I also feel a sense of relief, sympathy, and excitement? relief that the uncertainty of my family's future has been removed, relief that I do not need to apply for further posts, sympathy for the other candidates, and excitement about the prospects of the new job. Competition for any post is desirable and should produce the best candidate, but is the present system ideal ? The average age of surgical consultants on appointment remains at 38, and the average number of interviews attended by each is 11. Perhaps I should feel fortunate that I had to face the trial of an interview only five times, and I hope that my comments on the selection procedure will be helpful.
585. A Water-Soluble Lipoploymer Gene Carrier to Deliver a Bicistronic Plasmid Conveying IL-2 and Soluble Flk-1 for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumors
Authors: James W. Yockman, Won Jong Kim, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

One in 10,000 people will be diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma this year. High dose IL-2 treatment still remains the gold standard in renal cell carcinoma treatment. However, the use of antiangiogenic agents has been recently used to provide a viable alternative therapy. We have generated a plasmid vector that expresses hIL-2 and murine sFlk-1 driven by dual CMV promoters (p2CMVIL2sFlk1) to prove our hypothesis that the combination of both IL-2 and the soluble form of VEGR2 (sFlk-1) will inhibit further tumor growth and prevent metastases in renal cell carcinoma challenged animals following non-viral polymer gene delivery.
Abstract 4823: Body mass index (BMI), change in BMI, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO)
Authors: Laura Y. Sue, Jeanine M. Genkinger, Catherine Schairer, Regina G. Ziegler
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mid-life body mass index (BMI) has been consistently and positively associated with risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, but BMI at younger ages has been inversely associated with risk. Few studies have looked at the timing of adult BMI change and risk. Our analysis of adult BMI, BMI change, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk is, to our knowledge, the largest study to date. Our study population included 72,007 women, 55-74 years old at baseline, in the PLCO cohort: 3,677 postmenopausal breast cancer cases were ascertained from 1993 to 2007 (median follow-up, 9.9 y; interdecile range, 6.2 -12.9 y). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). BMI at age 20 and postmenopausal breast cancer risk were consistently inversely associated across use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) (Ptrend = 0.01). As the positive association between BMI at study baseline and breast cancer risk appeared to be limited to women who had never used MHT, we present these results among women who never used MHT. Postmenopausal breast cancer risk increased steadily across categories of increasing BMI at study baseline (Ptrend &amp;lt;0.0001) regardless of BMI at age 20. Furthermore, being overweight or obese (&amp;gt;25 kg/m2) at both study baseline and at age 20 had a protective effect on postmenopausal breast cancer risk, compared to being overweight or obese at study baseline but having a normal BMI (&amp;lt;25 kg/m2) at age 20. The RR of postmenopausal breast cancer for a BMI gain &amp;gt;5 kg/m2 between age 20 and age 50 was 1.82 (95% CI, 1.45-2.30), compared to women with no change in BMI (+/− 1 kg/m2). The RR for the same BMI gain from age 50 to age at baseline was 1.56 (95% CI, 1.29-1.90), compared to women with no change in BMI. In addition, in women who gained &amp;gt;5 kg/m2 between age 20 and age at baseline, postmenopausal breast cancer risk nearly doubled (RR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), compared to the combined group of women with no change in BMI or with BMI loss (&amp;lt;-1 kg/m2). Among women who had never used MHT, BMI gain before and after age 50 was associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Our study suggests that, with respect to postmenopausal breast cancer, healthy weight maintenance throughout adulthood is important and that BMI gain from age 20 to age 50 may play a particularly important role in increasing risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4823.
Urinary tract infection due to laboratory-acquired Escherichia coli: relation to virulence.
Authors: S H Parry, S N Abraham, I M Feavers, M Lee, M R Jones, A J Bint, M Sussman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

To establish that the patient's infection was laboratory acquired it was necessary to show that the laboratory strain with which she was working was identical with the strain isolated from her urine.
Coronary angioplasty performed within the thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction II study.
Authors: D S Baim, D J Diver, F Feit, M A Greenberg, D R Holmes, B H Weiner, D O Williams, M J Schweiger, B G Brown, M M Frederick
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the infarct-related artery was performed within 42 days of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) administration in 1,414 of the 3,534 patients who participated in the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) II study. Primary angiographic success was obtained in 88.7%, with bypass surgery within 24 hours in 3.3% and death within 24 hours in 0.7% of patients. By 1 year, 25.1% of the 1,414 patients had sustained one or more adverse outcomes including death (3.6%), reinfarction (8.4%), or the need for further revascularization (20%). METHODS AND RESULTS Despite these generally favorable results, multivariate testing identified several anatomic and clinical subgroups as having an increased risk ratio (RR) for adverse outcome: Unsuccessful PTCA was more common in patients undergoing protocol-assigned PTCA within 2 hours of rt-PA administration (RR, 2.7; p less than 0.001) and in patients over age 70 years (RR, 1.7; p = 0.034). The need for further revascularization within 1 year was increased in the 30.4% of patients with multivessel disease (RR, 2.5; p less than 0.001), patients with prior angina (RR, 1.4; p less than 0.006), or those undergoing ischemia-driven PTCA within 15 hours of rt-PA administration (RR, 1.7; p = 0.022). The risk of death or recurrent infarction within 1 year was increased by the presence of multivessel disease (RR, 1.6; p = 0.007) or prior angina (RR, 1.5; p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS These observations do not necessarily apply to patients undergoing primary PTCA (or PTCA after other thrombolytic agents); however, they do offer a unique yardstick against which to evaluate the results of PTCA in myocardial infarction.
The signaling suppressor CIS controls proallergic T cell development and allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Xuexian O Yang, Huiyuan Zhang, Byung-Seok Kim, Xiaoyin Niu, Juan Peng, Yuhong Chen, Romica Kerketta, Young-Hee Lee, Seon Hee Chang, David B Corry, Demin Wang, Stephanie S Watowich, Chen Dong
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)