tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated products (LMP, EBNA2, vIL-10) in nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of human immunodeficiency virus-negative Japanese
Authors: Koichi Ohshima, Junji Suzumiya, Kotaro Tasiro, Yasuo Mukai, Tosihiro Tanaka, Akiko Kato, Masahiro Kikuchi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Sixty cases of B-cell nodal non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (B-ML), and 46 cases of T-cell nodal lymphoma (T-ML) were surveyed for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes, RNA, and associated proteins. We used a Southern blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and EBV-encoded small RNA-1 (EBER-1) in situ hybridization to investigate the presence of EBV. We performed an immunohistochemical study on EBV-related oncoproteins, such as EBV-determined nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2), latent membrane protein (LMP), and viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10). In addition, we also analyzed the terminal repetitive sequence of EBV (EBV-TR) to investigate the EBV-infected cell clonality. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were grouped into three types by number of EBV-infected cells: I) almost all lymphoma cells showed an EBV presence; II) some scattered lymphoma cells showed an EBV presence; and III) only a few cells showed such a presence, which was probably due to a latent EBV infection. In 25 of 60 B-MLs, EBV-infected cells were found; 7 were type I, 1 was type II, and 17 were type III. In 27 of 46 T-MLs, EBV-infected cells were found; no cases were type I, 5 cases were type II, and 22 cases were type III. Seven B-MLs and 3 T cell lymphomas showed clonal TR bands. Expression of EBNA-2 was found in only three B-MLs, whereas LMP was seen in four B-MLs and six T-MLs. All EBNA-2/LMP-positive cases showed an EBV presence. In B-MLs, expression of EBNA-2 and LMP was detected in almost all lymphoma cells; in T-MLs, however, LMP was found in only a small portion of the lymphoma cells. Expression of IL-10 was closely associated with LMP. In summary, it was thus speculated that EBV infection was associated with the various states of lymphomagenesis.
TREATMENT OF A CASE OF ILLUMINATING GAS POISONING WITH METHYLENE BLUE SOLUTION
Authors: Joel Nass
Journal: JAMA (1933)

F. H., a man, aged 24, was found by his mother, April 20, 1933, lying unconscious on the kitchen floor, in a room full of illuminating gas. He had been alone in the kitchen from 1: 30 until 3: 30 p. m. She dragged him to the back room and opened the door to admit fresh air. At that time, she says, he was unconscious and barely breathing. When seen at 3: 45 he was still unconscious, breathing at the rate of about 5 per minute, the respirations coming in short gulps. Time was not taken to determine the frequency of respiration, as immediate action was indicated. The neck and face were light pink, the lips were blue, and the pupils were dilated. The pulse was not perceptible at the wrists, and the heart action was poor, the rate probably about 90 per minute, regular, but of poor muscular quality.
Reduction in use of temazepam is factor in deaths related to overdose
Authors: T C Gilhooly
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Progress in reducing inpatient mortality from acute myocardial infarction is slowEditor-Brown et al report a substantial increase in the use of beneficial interventions for patients admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction in Nottingham from 1982 to 1992. 1 However, they found no change in inpatient mortality adjusted for age and sex.This contrasts with findings in Ontario, Canada, where hospital discharge abstracts show that inpatient mortality fell from 1981 to 1991 2 and has since fallen further (data on request).Brown et al suggest that the disparate results may reflect coding errors in the Ontario administrative data.Our group has assessed the classification of deaths from acute myocardial infarction in inpatients in the Ontario discharge abstracts.Matching Ontario administrative data to data from the GUSTO-I and LATE trials, we found the specificity of the administrative data to be 100% (1403/1403 alive), with overall sensitivity of 94% (104/111 deaths detected). 3he classification of acute myocardial infarction itself is more problematic.The sensitivity of the primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction is high, but specificity varies. 4 5There are two common reasons for false positive coding.Firstly, patients may be admitted to a coronary care unit with possible acute myocardial infarction but this diagnosis is ruled out and they are sent home quickly.Alternatively, patients recently admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction are readmitted for coronary angiography or with complications other than overt reinfarction, and the code for acute myocardial infarction is wrongly used again.Thus the analysis of outcomes in Ontario excluded both patients with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction who were discharged in under four days and patients who had been admitted to hospital for acute myocardial infarction in the preceding three months. 2t is therefore doubtful that imprecise coding explains the improving outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in Ontario.Indeed, only systematic coding errors could explain the observed trends in inpatient mortality, and we have found neither evidence nor a rationale for this.Ontario's administrative data do mirror the findings of Brown et al in two respects 2 : admissions for acute myocardial infarction, particularly among elderly patients, increased over the period studied, and inpatient mortality ranged from 16% to 21%, which is much higher than in the large randomised trials of thrombolytic treatment.Thus while the trends in Ontario are more positive than those in Nottingham, we agree with Brown et al that the cardiovascular megatrials have been enrolling skewed patient populations 3 and that progress in the battle to reduce inpatient mortality from acute myocardial infarction remains slow.
A Prospective Randomized Trial of Sclerotherapy Versus Ligation in the Elective Treatment of Bleeding Esophageal Varices
Authors: D. Barboncini, G. L. Milandri, D. Borioni, A. Piemontese, V. Cennamo, P. Billi, P. P. Dal Monte, N. D'Imperio
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic ligation (EVL) and endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) are known to be equally effective in eradicating bleeding esophageal varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, but the long-term safety and efficacy of the two techniques have not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency of rebleeding, recurrence of varices, and survival after treatment with the two techniques during a relatively long follow-up period.
INEFFICIENCY OF METAPHEN AS A SKIN DISINFECTANT
Authors: EDWIN C. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

At least as early as 1908<sup>1</sup>the importance of eliminating the transfer of bacteriostatic amounts of drug to subcultures in making bactericidal tests of chemicals was emphasized. In spite of this obvious and easily controlled source of error, one repeatedly finds in the literature reports of bactericidal action which on analysis turn out to be nothing more than demonstrations of antiseptic or inhibitory action. By the addition of drug inhibition controls, it may be proved that in many such experiments sufficient chemical has been transferred to inhibit the growth of any living organisms that may have been carried over from the original test to the subculture. Another example of this error has recently appeared inthe Journal.<sup>2</sup>Raiziss, Severac and Moetsch have reported that with solutions of metaphen, ranging in strength from 1:500 to 1:2,500, they obtained complete skin sterilization in every instance. The "100 per cent" sterilizations
Efficacy of noninvasive CPAP in COPD with acute respiratory failure
Authors: P Goldberg, H Reissmann, F Maltais, M Ranieri, SB Gottfried
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Dynamic hyperinflation and the development of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) are commonly observed in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in acute respiratory failure. Previous studies have shown that externally applied PEEP reduces PEEPi and its adverse effects in mechanically-ventilated COPD patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of graded amounts of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the degree of inspiratory effort, pattern of breathing, gas exchange, and level of dyspnoea in a group of spontaneously breathing, nonintubated COPD patients in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Ten COPD patients admitted to the intensive care unit in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure were studied. Inspiratory effort was measured by the tidal excursions of oesophageal (Poes) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressure. Inspiratory effort and both the pressure-time product for the diaphragm (integral of Pdi-dt) and for the inspiratory muscles (integral of Poes.dt) were measured during the application of 5, 7.5, and 10 cmH2O of CPAP. Dyspnoea, gas exchange and pattern of breathing were also assessed. Inspiratory effort and the pressure-time product both for the diaphragm and the inspiratory muscles fell significantly with CPAP in a dose-dependent fashion. Both the pattern of breathing and level of dyspnoea improved with CPAP. End-expiratory lung volume remained stable at the lower levels of CPAP, with only modest increases at the higher levels. Arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2) either improved or remained stable with CPAP. We conclude that the noninvasive application of CPAP to spontaneously breathing patients with severe COPD in acute respiratory failure decreases inspiratory effort and dyspnoea whilst improving breathing pattern. It is conceivable that the early institution of CPAP in this setting may obviate the need for intubation and conventional mechanical ventilation.
What Sets the Goals of Public Health?
Authors: Geoffrey Vickers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

I AM deeply grateful to those who have honored me by this invitation; the more so, because I am a layman, unqualified in the sciences of your field. I comfort myself with the reflection that we are all laymen for most of our time, especially in a field so close as yours is to problems of decision and action. And further, that it is as laymen, not as academics, that we make our most daring speculations. The scientist with a reputation to lose may not speculate too far beyond the evidence, at least in public, but the layman with a . . .
STATISTICS OF INTUBATION OF LARYNX, AND EXHIBITION OF IMPROVED INSTRUMENTS.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: F. E. WAXHAM
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In again consenting to present a paper on the subject of intubation, it is with the thought that increased experience and the accumulation of a larger number of cases may be a more convincing proof of the utility of the operation. It will be seen that out of the first 100 cases, there were 27 recoveries; of the second 100, 34; the third 100, 40; the fourth 100, 38, and out of the last 66, 22. It is often said that intubation is done early, and that this accounts for the large percentage of recoveries, but this is a great mistake. The operation is only done as a last resort, and often after the patient has become moribund and unconscious. Not infrequently patients have been<i>in extremis</i>before I have been summoned, and upon arriving have been found dead. More than nine-tenths of these cases have been seen and operated upon
Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest Using High-Dose Epinephrine
Authors: Clifton R. Lacy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  We read with interest the recent article entitled Successful Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest Using High-Dose Epinephrine Therapy.1 We agree with the authors' recommendation that further investigation be conducted to determine the optimal dosing of epinephrine in treating patients with cardiac arrest. However, we disagree that their patients failed to respond to conventional epinephrine therapy.  Patient 1 was in ventricular fibrillation (VF) when given her first 1-mg intravenous dose of epinephrine ten minutes after arrest. Defibrillation did not change the rhythm. Following administration of lidocaine, the patient developed asystole. At 13 minutes after arrest, another 1-mg intravenous epinephrine dose was administered, and junctional bradycardia as well as spontaneous respiratory movements were noted. There were no palpable pulses, and the rhythm deteriorated into VF. On two subsequent occasions, epinephrine (in 5-mg intravenous doses) apparently facilitated defibrillation to bradycardic junctional rhythm—the first time deteriorating into VF and the second
VEGF receptor phosphorylation status and apoptosis is modulated by a green tea component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Yean K. Lee, Nancy D. Bone, Ann K. Strege, Tait D. Shanafelt, Diane F. Jelinek, Neil E. Kay
Journal: Blood (2004)
Traitement des pseudokystes symptomatiques du pancréas par kysto-gastrosotmie ou -duodénostomie à l'aide du Cystotome™ (Wilson Cook)
Authors: A Charachon, M Levy, M Karoui, D Karsenti, A Laurent, C Tayar, F Brunetti, I Sobhani, D Cherqui, JC Delchier
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: Le traitement des pseudokystes (PK) symptomatiques du pancréas est souvent réalisable par voie endoscopique ou échoendoscopique avec une bonne efficacité et une morbidité faible. Un instrument, le Cystotome™ (Wilson-Cook, Winston-Salem, NC, USA), permet la ponction du PK et l'élargissement de l'orifice créé par électro-coagulation, avant la pose d'un drain en double queue de cochon. Nous rapportons les résultats obtenus chez les patients traités dans le service avec cet instrument.
URINARY EXCRETION OF BRUSH-BORDER ANTIGEN REVEALED BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY: EARLY INDICATOR OF TOXIC NEPHROPATHY
Authors: Antonio Mutti, Pierpaolo Valcavi, Marzia Fornari, Stefano Lucertini, TauroM. Neri, Rossella Alinovi, Innocente Franchini
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
Nocturnal melatonin plasma levels in patients with OSAS: the effect of CPAP
Authors: C. Hernández, J. Abreu, P. Abreu, A. Castro, A. Jiménez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Melatonin is a pineal hormone that regulates the human cycle of sleep and wakefulness. Plasma melatonin levels were investigated in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). In total, 20 patients with OSAS and 11 healthy controls were studied. OSAS patients were tested twice: on the night of diagnostic polysomnography and the night of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration. Controls were tested on one occasion. Plasma melatonin levels were determined at 23:00 h (light period), at 02:00 h (dark period) and at 06:00 h (light period) in patients and control subjects using the radioimmunoassay method. The control subjects showed a nocturnal melatonin peak value at 02:00 h (70.6±14 pg·mL −1 ). However, this nocturnal melatonin peak was absent in the OSAS patients. The highest melatonin value was found in OSAS patients on the night of diagnosis, at 06:00 h (49.3±36.8 pg·mL −1 ). It was found that the melatonin level in OSAS patients at 06:00 h was significantly lower in the night of titration (35.6±37.9 pg·mL −1 ) than in the diagnosis night. However, the melatonin levels at either 23:00 h or 02:00 h in OSAS patients did not differ significantly when comparing levels in the night of diagnostic polysomnography (23:00 h: 31.6±29.8 pg·mL −1 ; 02:00 h: 47.4±33.8 pg·mL −1 ) with levels in the night of CPAP titration (23:00 h: 20.2±10.3 pg·mL −1 ; 02:00 h: 37.7±27.5 pg·mL −1 ). Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome have an abnormal melatonin secretion pattern. The absence of a nocturnal serum melatonin peak could be partially related to the difficulty that these patients have in achieving a normal sleep–wakefulness pattern.
The Role of the Medical Profession
Authors: CHARLES L. HUDSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

As President-Elect of the American Medical Association, Dr. Hudson stresses the important role that every physician must play in improving the provision of mental health services. The medical profession has much to gain from a knowledge of modern psychiatric techniques as well as much to contribute toward their effective administration. It is essential that psychiatrists and other physicians strive for empathy and respect so that programs will be developed which will meet the needs of all concerned—especially the American public.
Sorafenib priming may augment salvage chemotherapy in relapsed and refractory FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: K D Cummins, S M Jane, S Ninkovic, A Bazargan, R Filshie, G Sutrave, M Hertzberg, A Scott, S Lane, C K Yannakou, D Ritchie, J D'Rozario, J Black, K Bavishi, A Wei
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Sorafenib priming may augment salvage chemotherapy in relapsed
The few who abuse their position bring all consultants into disrepute
Authors: K. J. H. Newman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

I have sent my consultant colleagues a copy of Spence’s provocative article to see whether anyone (other than myself) agrees with him.1

I am full time NHS, having given up private practice in 2006 to concentrate on teaching trauma surgery. My “reward” for working five days a week, starting each day at 7 40 …
Information for Readers
Authors: Elaine S. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1994)

We hereby thank the 2952 peer reviewers who completed JAMA manuscript reviews in 1993 and whose names appear on pages 1127-1133. In 1993, it took a median of 16 calendar days from manuscript receipt to rejection, 86 days from receipt to acceptance, and 161 days from receipt to publication. A mean of 26 days was required for peer review; each reviewer handled a mean of 1.9 manuscripts. Forty-five percent of the 4103 manuscripts we received in 1993 were sent for outside review, most often to three reviewers. Forty-nine percent of manuscripts were rejected without outside review, and 6% were accepted without outside review (mostly invited editorials and cover stories). The total acceptance rate for manuscripts in 1993 was 15.9%, and the acceptance rate for unsolicited manuscripts was 10.4%.  Please see p 1127 for the complete 1993 peer reviewers list.
Intracoronary Compared With Intravenous Bolus Abciximab Application in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Holger Thiele, Kathrin Schindler, Josef Friedenberger, Ingo Eitel, Georg Fürnau, Eigk Grebe, Sandra Erbs, Axel Linke, Sven Möbius-Winkler, Dietmar Kivelitz, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Abciximab reduces major adverse cardiac events in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intracoronary abciximab bolus application results in high local drug concentrations and may be more effective than a standard intravenous bolus. Methods and Results— Patients undergoing primary PCI were randomized to either intracoronary (n=77) or intravenous (n=77) bolus abciximab administration with subsequent 12-hour intravenous infusion. The primary end point was infarct size and extent of microvascular obstruction as assessed by delayed enhancement magnetic resonance. Secondary end points were ST-segment resolution at 90 minutes, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow and perfusion grades after PCI, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events within 30 days. The median infarct size was 15.1% (interquartile range, 6.1% to 25.2%) in the intracoronary versus 23.4% (interquartile range, 13.6% to 33.2%) in the intravenous group ( P =0.01). Similarly, the extent of microvascular obstruction was significantly smaller in intracoronary compared with intravenous abciximab patients ( P =0.01). Myocardial perfusion measured as early ST-segment resolution was significantly improved in intracoronary patients with an absolute ST-segment resolution of 77.8% (interquartile range, 66.7% to 100.0%) versus 70.0% (interquartile range, 45.2% to 83.5%; P =0.006). The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow after PCI was not different between treatment groups ( P =0.51), but there was a trend toward an improved perfusion grade ( P =0.09). There also was a trend toward a lower major adverse cardiac event rate after intracoronary versus intravenous abciximab application (5.2% versus 15.6%; P =0.06; relative risk, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.05). Conclusions— Intracoronary bolus administration of abciximab in primary PCI is superior to standard intravenous treatment with respect to infarct size, extent of microvascular obstruction, and perfusion.
<i>In Vivo</i> Imaging as a Pharmacodynamic Marker
Authors: Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Adriaan A. Lammertsma
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although numerous anticancer drugs are widely used in the clinic, many questions remain about pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicities, and efficacy. Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled drugs is a promising method to further understand the clinical behavior of anticancer agents. In addition, it may contribute to better guided treatment planning in individual patients with cancer. Among the available anticancer drugs, considerable experience has been gained with radiolabeling taxanes. At present, two radiolabeled taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel, are available as PET tracers. In the present review, data available for the labeled taxanes [18F]paclitaxel and [11C]docetaxel are discussed and linked to clinical observations following paclitaxel and docetaxel therapy, respectively. In addition, the review discusses the applications and the future of PET using radiolabeled drugs. Experience gained with [18F]paclitaxel and [11C]docetaxel may be extrapolated to other taxanes and may provide a framework for the development and clinical implementation of other radiolabeled anticancer drugs, even outside the taxane era. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Progress in Pharmacodynamic Endpoints.” Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2569–77. ©2014 AACR.
The Hemodynamic Effects of Hypotensive Drugs in Man
Authors: EDWARD D. FREIS, JOHN C. ROSE, THOMAS F. HIGGINS, FRANK A. FINNERTY, ROBERT T. KELLEY, EDWARD A. PARTENOPE
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Further data are presented concerning the unusual hemodynamic effects of 1-hydrazinophthalazine. Previous observations demonstrating a marked increase in cardiac output in normotensive subjects are confirmed in hypertensive patients. The splanchnic vascular bed is one of the sites of increased blood flow. The similarity between the hemodynamic effects of 1-hydrazinophthalazine and pyrogens is pointed out and the pharmacologic basis for the clinically observed additive effects of 1-hydrazinophthalazine and hexamethonium is discussed.
Occurrence of Storage Mites in Finnish Farming Environments
Authors: E. O. Terho, L. Leskinens, K. Husman, L. Kärenlampi
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Qualitative and semi-quantitative microscopic analyses were performed on the mite populations in dust samples collected from the byres and hay and grain storages of 11 farms in Eastern Finland. Storage mites were found in all farms. The mite fauna was more abundant in the byres and hay storages than in the grain storages. The most common species or genera were Acarus siro, Acarus farris, Glycyphagus domesticus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Cheyletus eruditus, Tydeus spp., and Tarsonemus spp. The results imply that also in northern climates storage mites should be considered as possible causes of allergic disorders among farming populations.