tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary carcinoid associated with melanoma: two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: R. Rajaratnam, J.R. Marsden, J. Marzouk, I. Hero
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

To our knowledge, this is the first report in the British literature documenting the co-occurrence of melanoma and pulmonary carcinoid. The only other report is from America and documents pulmonary carcinoid in association with a parathyroid hormone-producing melanoma. We report two patients with melanoma who presented with nodules on chest X-ray. Both underwent resection of assumed lung metastasis which unexpectedly revealed primary pulmonary carcinoid. Evidence of an association between these two tumours which show striking biological and pathological similarities is discussed. The incidence of pulmonary carcinoid is increasing and with the improved power of radiological assessment we may see additional accounts of such an association in the near future.
Explicit Incestuous Motifs and Emotional Crises in Psychosomatic Patients
Authors: Augusto Pasini, Giorgio Callea
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

This paper examines the emergence of incestuous motifs in the first four interviews of 50 people seeking psychotherapy. Results show a percentage (6%) which is neither relevant nor specific for any kind of diagnosis. The progress in psychotherapy of two groups of 8 patients, psychosomatic + neurotic respectively, is then compared with regard to the same motifs. All the patients underwent psychoanalytic psychotherapy twice a week for at least 2 years, between 1979 and 1982. Among the patients treated with psychotherapy, the psychosomatic subjects proved to have the weaker defense mechanisms. Most of these patients (87.5%) showed a tendency to act specific emotions through temporary exacerbations of their organic disease.
A mathematical model of the effects of acetylcholine pulses on sinoatrial pacemaker activity.
Authors: D C Michaels, E P Matyas, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

A mathematical model of dynamic vagus-sinus interactions was devised based on Hodgkin and Huxley-type equations of time- and voltage-dependent membrane currents. Brief vagal pulses were modeled with a concentration-dependent, acetylcholine-activated, potassium current. Single acetylcholine ("vagal") pulses scanning the sinus cycle induced changes in pacemaker rhythm that depended on pulse magnitude, duration, and time of occurrence during the cycle. Phase-response curves summarizing these effects are strikingly similar to experimental results. Notably, appropriately timed acetylcholine pulses could produce an acceleratory response. With repetitive acetylcholine input, the model produced various patterns of synchronization of the sinus pacemaker. There was stable entrainment at harmonic (i.e., 1:1, 2:1, etc.) relations, as well as more complex arrhythmic patterns that depended on the relationship between the acetylcholine cycle length and the sinus pacemaker period. In some cases, shortening of the acetylcholine input cycle length led to "paradoxical" acceleration of the sinus pacemaker. Simulations suggest that many clinically observed sinus rhythm disturbances can be explained by dynamic vagus-sinus interactions.
Abstract 4847: Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis increases tissue transformed macrophages (M2) which promote pancreatic cancer lesions in a Kras mouse model
Authors: Mouad Edderkaoui, Paul Grippo, Hajar Benhaddou, Yassine Ouhaddi, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Steven Swartwood, Beatrice Knudsen, Helen S. Goodridge, Aida Habtezion, Vay-Liang Go, Stephen J. Pandol
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP) is a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer; however, the mechanism through which it promotes cancer is not known. In this study we developed a mouse model of pancreatic cancer induced by ACP and analyzed the effect of the interaction between macrophages and pancreatic cancer cells on progression of the disease. Methods: Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras transgenic and wild-type (WT) mice were fed Lieber DeCarli control or alcohol diet for 6 weeks. Mice were subjected to 7-hourly cerulein injections (50µg/kg) twice a week for the last 3 weeks of the diet to induce chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplastic (PanIN) lesions, proliferation, fibrosis, inflammation, EMT and stem cell markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western. Monocytes/ macrophages from mice and their conditioned medium were applied to the pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. Cell survival and apoptosis were measured by MTT and ELISA. Expression of cytokines/ chemokines and growth factors by cancer cells and macrophages was measured by multiplex assay analysis. Results: ACP increased fibrosis, stellate cell activation and inflammation in both WT and transgenic mouse pancreata. The increases were significantly greater in the transgenic mice. Further, ACP increased the number and stage of PanIN lesions in the pancreata of transgenic mice. EMT markers were stimulated by ACP in both WT and transgenic mice. Markers of type 2 macrophages (M2) were greater in ACP model compared to control mice. M2 macrophages conditioned media stimulated proliferation, EMT and cancer stemness in cancer cells. Cancer cells or PanIN cells conditioned media stimulated transformation of macrophages to the type 2 phenotype. Conclusion: The results indicate that ACP promotes pancreatic cancer progression in transgenic mice. Our data suggest ACP as well as PanIN and cancer cells stimulate the phenotype change of macrophages toward type 2, which then stimulates cancer cell proliferation, EMT and cancer stemness. These results suggest that tissue macrophages play a key role in the increased risk for pancreatic cancer in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis. Citation Format: Mouad Edderkaoui, Paul Grippo, Hajar Benhaddou, Yassine Ouhaddi, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Steven Swartwood, Beatrice Knudsen, Helen S. Goodridge, Aida Habtezion, Vay-Liang Go, Stephen J. Pandol. Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis increases tissue transformed macrophages (M2) which promote pancreatic cancer lesions in a Kras mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4847. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4847
Small pulmonary arteries in some natives of La Paz, Bolivia.
Authors: D Heath, P Smith, J Rios Dalenz, D Williams, P Harris
Journal: Thorax (1981)

A histological study was made of the small pulmonary blood vessels in pieces of lung obtained at necropsy from 19 long-term residents of La Paz, Bolivia (3800 m). There was variation in the response of the pulmonary vasculature of these subjects to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude. The most characteristic finding, seen in seven of the 16 cases beyond infancy, was distal extension of vascular smooth muscle into pulmonary arterioles as small as 20 micrometer in diameter. Medial hypertrophy of the muscular pulmonary arteries occurred in only three of these seven subjects. Intimal fibrosis was seen in eight of the 19 cases and was ascribed to age; such fibrotic proliferation may affect the reversibility of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and associated vascular changes in highlanders.
A Systematic Assessment of Common Genetic Variation in <i>CYP11A</i> and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Iona Cheng, Daniel O. Stram, Elena Giorgi, Malcolm C. Pike, David Van Den Berg, Loreall Pooler, Noel P. Burtt, Loic Le Marchand, David Altshuler, Joel Hirschhorn, Brian E. Henderson, Christopher A. Haiman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract CYP11A catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of sex-steroid hormones. In this study, we employed a systematic approach that involved gene resequencing and a haplotype-based analysis to investigate the relationship between common variation in CYP11A and breast cancer risk among African-Americans, Latinas, Japanese-Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Whites in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Resequencing in a multiethnic panel of 95 advanced breast cancer cases revealed no common missense variant (≥5% frequency). Common haplotype patterns were assessed by genotyping 36 densely spaced single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 67 kb of the CYP11A locus in a multiethnic panel of subjects (n = 349; 1 SNP/1.86 kb on average). We identified one to two regions of strong linkage disequilibrium in these populations. Twelve tagging SNPs were selected to predict the common haplotypes (≥5% frequency) in these regions with high probability (average Rh2 = 0.94) and were examined in a breast cancer case-control study in the Multiethnic Cohort Study (1,615 cases and 1,962 controls). A global test for differences in risk according to common haplotypes over the locus was statistically significant (P = 0.006), as were associations with haplotypes in each block (block 1 global test, P = 0.008; haplotype 1D, effect per haplotype copy, odds ratios, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.48) and block 2 (global test, P = 0.016; haplotype 2F odds ratios, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.15–2.01). These haplotypes were most common in Japanese-Americans and Native Hawaiians, followed by Whites then Latinas, and were rare in African-Americans (&amp;lt;5% frequency); the haplotype effects on risk across each group were homogeneous. Based on these findings, CYP11A deserves further consideration as a candidate breast cancer susceptibility gene. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(24): 12019-25)
Long-term Suppression of Experimental Arthritis Following Intramuscular Administration of a Pseudotyped AAV2/1-TNFR:Fc Vector
Authors: Ziv Sandalon, Elizabeth M Bruckheimer, Kurt H Lustig, Haim Burstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

We previously reported that administration of an adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) vector encoding a rat tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-immunoglobulin Fc (TNFR:Fc) fusion gene to rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis resulted in suppression of joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction, as well as expression of joint proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we used an alternate rat model of arthritis to compare the serum levels and duration of TNFR:Fc protein expression following intramuscular administration of pseudotyped AAV-TNFR:Fc vectors based on serotypes 1, 2, and 5. All three pseudotyped AAV-TNFR:Fc vectors led to sustained expression of serum TNFR:Fc protein for at least one year. Serum TNFR:Fc protein levels in rats administered intramuscularly with AAV2/1-TNFR:Fc vector were up to 100- and 10-fold higher than in rats administered the AAV2-TNFR:Fc or AAV2/5-TNFR:Fc vectors, respectively. A single intramuscular administration of AAV2/1-TNFR:Fc vector at vector doses ranging from 10(10) to 10(12) DNase-resistant particles (DRP) per animal, resulted in complete and long-term suppression of recurrent joint inflammation for at least 150 days. Our results establish a proof of concept for administration of an AAV2/1-TNFR:Fc vector to the muscle to achieve long-term, sustained and therapeutically relevant levels of TNFR:Fc protein to treat chronic systemic inflammatory joint diseases.
Organisations voice concerns over plans to disband Human Tissue Authority
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The body set up to ensure safe use of human tissues and organs in the United Kingdom says government plans to abolish it are widely opposed by medical and research experts.

The Human Tissue Authority (HTA) has written to ministers saying that stakeholders do not support the Department of Health’s proposals to transfer the authority’s functions elsewhere because the proposals posed risks and could undermine public confidence.

Organisations such as the British Medical Association, the Wellcome Trust, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the Academy of Medical Sciences are opposed to the government’s plans to disband the regulator and merge its functions with the Care Quality Commission.

The authority’s chairwoman, Baroness Diana Warwick, said on 15 November, “We have strong support from stakeholders and interest groups, from public …
Renal failure and the histopathological features of myeloma kidney reversed by intensive chemotherapy and peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: P E Rose, R McGonigle, J Michael, B J Boughton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Une observation d'insuffisance renale due a une myelome multiple, confirme par biopsie, chez une femme de 54 ans. Apres une hemodialyse, traitement par vincristine, doxorubicine et dexamethasone, puis dialyse peritoneale. Regression importante des taux de paraproteine et des lesions renales. 8 mois plus tard la malade mene une vie pratiquement normale
P241 Functional impairment in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: N. S. Gale, J. M. Duckers, M. Munnery, S. Enright, D. J. Shale
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with bronchiectasis have impaired quality of life and exercise capacity<sup>1</sup>; however, other functional impairments have not been fully evaluated. We hypothesised that patients with bronchiectasis would have impaired functional activities; reduced grip strength, increased timed up and go test (TUG) and increased fatigue which would be associated with reduced quality of life (QoL). <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 20 (4 male) clinically stable patients with bronchiectasis and 20 age, sex and smoking matched controls. In all subjects FEV<sub>1</sub>%, BMI, TUG, grip strength and 6 minute walk distance (6MWD) were measured. The TUG is a measure of functional mobility which records the time for a person to stand up from a chair, walk 3 m, turn around and sit down again. All subjects completed the multidimensional fatigue inventory which includes five domains of fatigue (each scored out of 20, higher scores indicate greater fatigue), and a self-reported physical activity score. Quality of life was measured in patients using the validated Saint Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).<sup>2</sup> <h3>Results</h3> Patients and controls had similar demographics (Abstract P241 Table 1). However, patients had increased TUG and reduced grip strength and 6MWD compared to controls. They also reported greater fatigue and reduced physical activity. In patients, the TUG was inversely related to grip strength (r=−0.528, and 6MWD (r=−0.478), (both p&lt;0.05) but not fatigue, QoL or FEV<sub>1</sub>%. The 6MWD related directly to all domains of fatigue (except mental) and the SGRQ (all p&lt;0.05). All domains of fatigue (except mental) related to total SGRQ. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patients with bronchiectasis have impaired functional activities and increased fatigue. Fatigue may result in reduced physical activity and reduced endurance (measured by 6MWD) which affect QoL more than short-lived functional activities.
Psychiatric Attitudes of Young Physicians: Implications for Teaching
Authors: G. J. TUCKER, R. F. REINHARDT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Over a two-year period 219 physicians were studied with respect to their attitudes toward psychiatry. From the large amount of data three specifics are highlighted: 1) In this young physician population of diverse origin and medical training, the over-all attitude was that psychiatry is a respected branch of medicine and that psychotherapy is efficacious. However, the physicians saw the patients as anxiety-provoking, unpleasant, untrustworthy, disabled, and dissimilar from themselves. 2) Those with favorable attitudes were made less anxious by psychiatric patients, and had higher opinions of interview techniques and their effectiveness, psychiatric knowledge, psychiatrists, etc. 3) The physicians with favorable attitudes toward psychiatry have had significantly more exposure to psychiatry courses in medical school.
Competitive Athletes with Cardiovascular Disease — The Case of Nicholas Knapp
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Matthew J. Mitten, Eric F. Quandt, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

A variety of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities are the principal causes of sudden death in young competitive athletes,15 and some of these tragedies have been widely publicized.6 The identification of important cardiovascular abnormalities in highly trained athletes often leads to medical and legal controversy over the decision to disqualify such athletes from competition.6,7 The criteria for assessing medical eligibility in such circumstances have been of interest to athletes and their families, their physicians, and representatives of the schools or teams involved, as well as the legal profession.810 Sometimes such debates have attracted the attention of the general public . . .
Capsaicin treatment reduces nasal hyperreactivity and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V, receptor 1 (TRPV1) overexpression in patients with idiopathic rhinitis
Authors: Laura Van Gerven, Yeranddy A. Alpizar, Mira M. Wouters, Valérie Hox, Esther Hauben, Mark Jorissen, Guy Boeckxstaens, Karel Talavera, Peter W. Hellings
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Elevated plasma tissue factor antigen level in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Hideo Wada, Tsutomu Nakase, Ryusuke Nakaya, Kouzou Minamikawa, Yoshihiro Wakita, Toshihiro Kaneko, Michiaki Ohiwa, Katsumi Deguchi, Shigeru Shirakawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract The plasma tissue factor (TF) antigen level was measured in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The plasma TF antigen was detected In normal volunteers, and it was significantly higher in DIC patients than in non‐DiC patients. However, in some patients with DiC, the plasma TF antigen level was within the normal range. The plasma TF antigen level in patients with DIC significantly decreased after therapy, but it was not correlated with organ failure or outcome. The plasma TF antigen level in patients with DIC was not correlated with other hemostatic markers. The plasma TF antigen level tended to be higher in DIC patients with nonlymphoid leukemia than in those with lymphoid tumor. TF might be implicated in the occurrence and progression of DIC. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of Both CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell–Mediated Responses in Colorectal Cancer Patients by Colon Antigen-1
Authors: Cristina Maccalli, Veronica Di Cristanziano, Valentina Fodale, Domenico Corsi, Giuseppina D'Agostino, Valentina Petrangeli, Luca Laurenti, Sofia Guida, Arabella Mazzocchi, Flavio Arienti, Maria P. Perrone, Chiara Castelli, Licia Rivoltini, Vittorina Zagonel, Marco Tartaglia, Giorgio Parmiani, Filippo Belardelli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Colon antigen-1 (COA-1) was recently identified as a novel antigen of colorectal cancer encoded by the UBXD5 gene. Here, we evaluated whether a specific T-cell-mediated response directed against this molecule can occur in colorectal cancer patients.Antigen- and tumor-specific immunologic responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated in vitro with the MHC class II-associated immunogenic epitope of COA-1 (FSTFPPTLYQDDTLTLQAAG) were analyzed by IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay.COA-1-specific and tumor-reactive T lymphocytes were isolated from all (n = 7) HLA-DRbeta1*0402+ or *1301+ colorectal cancer patients with progressive disease (Dukes' C and D) but not in patients (n = 4) with early-stage tumor (Dukes' A and B) and in healthy donors (n = 5), suggesting that the immune response against this antigen is associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. COA-1- and tumor-specific T lymphocytes displayed a CD3+CD4+CD69+CD45RA+ phenotype, compatible with the activated effector-type T-cell subset, and most of them exerted cytotoxic activity against HLA-matched and COA-1+ tumor cells. COA-1-specific T cells could also be isolated by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous dendritic cells loaded with tumor lysate, suggesting that this antigen can generate a dominant immunologic response against colorectal cancer cells. Notably, we could identify also COA-1-derived epitopes binding to HLA-A*0201 molecules that elicited antigen- and tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell-mediated responses in colorectal cancer patients.Both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against COA-1 can occur in colorectal cancer patients with metastatic disease, suggesting that this antigen is suitable for immunotherapeutic protocols of these patients.
Effect of inhaled frusemide on responses of airways to bradykinin and adenosine 5'-monophosphate in asthma.
Authors: K Rajakulasingam, R Polosa, M K Church, P H Howarth, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Inhaled frusemide exerts a protective effect against bronchoconstriction induced by several indirect stimuli in asthma. This effect could be caused by interference with neural pathways. The effect of inhaled frusemide on bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled bradykinin, which is thought to cause bronchoconstriction via neural mechanisms, was studied and compared with the effects of adenosine 59-monophosphate (AMP) which probably produces its airway effects by augmenting mast cell mediator release and interfering with neural pathways. METHODS--Patients first underwent AMP and bradykinin challenges. They were then studied in a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind fashion. Ten atopic asthmatic subjects, studied on four days, were pretreated with inhaled frusemide (40 mg) or placebo for 10 minutes, five minutes before challenge with increasing concentrations of nebulised AMP or bradykinin. RESULTS--On the open visit days the provocative concentrations required to reduce forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) by 20% from baseline (PC20) for AMP and bradykinin were 16.23 (1.42-67.16) and 2.75 (0.81-6.6) mg/ml. There was a significant correlation between baseline AMP and bradykinin PC20 values. For AMP the geometric mean PC20 values following pretreatment with inhaled frusemide and matched placebo were 80.97 (9.97- &gt; 400.0) and 14.86 (2.6-104.6) mg/ml respectively (95% CI 0.49 to 0.98). For bradykinin the geometric mean PC20 values following pretreatment with inhaled frusemide and matched placebo were 13.22 (2.53- &gt; 16.0) and 2.52 (0.45-5.61) mg/ml respectively (95% CI 0.43 to 1.01). Frusemide afforded 5.45 and 5.24 fold protection against AMP and bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between protection afforded to the airways against AMP and bradykinin. CONCLUSIONS--These data suggest that inhaled frusemide affords protection against bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction which is comparable to that against AMP, supporting a common mechanism of action for frusemide.
Introducing Spirituality in Medical Care
Authors: Jay M. Milstein
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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