tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Robert M. Zollinger, MD: Ohio's natural hormone
Authors: N. Y. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

He's a farm boy from Millersport, Ohio, who wanted to go to West Point. He still likes to pretend that he's just a simple rural lad. Neither of his parents had attended college—the Depression of '93 kept them on the farm—nor had anyone from his high school. He's the first physician in his family, but not the last. His brother, eight years younger, is a surgeon, as is his son, with whom he wrote and edited the fourth edition of the surgical Bible,<i>The Atlas of Surgical Operations</i>. Although he changed his mind about West Point, survivors of his rigorous surgical service at Ohio State maintain that West Point must be easier. He is Robert M. Zollinger, MD, professor and chairman emeritus, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Ohio State University at Columbus. And although a pride of awards crowds his curriculum vitae, his greatest honor is listed nowhere: He
Right Atrial Tumor
Authors: J S Savino, S J Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. A right atrial mass was observed in a 42-year-old woman who presented with atrial fibrillation. A four-chamber view of the heart (Panel A) obtained intraoperatively by transesophageal echocardiography, demonstrated a mass in the right atrium (RA) obstructing the right ventricular inflow (RV). An encapsulated cystic rhabdomyoma (9 cm by 6 cm by 3 cm) and attached atrial stalk (Panel B) were excised during hypothermic circulatory arrest. A transesophageal echocardiogram obtained immediately thereafter showed a persistently enlarged right atrium. Two years after the excision of this rare tumor, the right atrial and ventricular dilatation had not resolved, tricuspid regurgitation . . .
A Common Mutation in Lipoprotein Lipase Confers a 2-Fold Increase in Risk of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease in Women but Not in Men
Authors: Hans H. Wittrup, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Henrik Sillesen, Peter Schnohr, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —We previously showed that the common Asn291Ser substitution in lipoprotein lipase is associated with elevated plasma triglyceride levels and a 2-fold increase in the risk of ischemic heart disease in women but not men. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that this substitution is also associated with an increased risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). Methods and Results —We compared 260 patients who had nonfatal ICVD and carotid stenosis ≥50% with 1560 age-matched controls and also compared 205 Copenhagen City Heart Study cases who had nonfatal ICVD with 1210 age-matched controls. All subjects were white and from Denmark. Overall, no significant difference was observed between carrier frequencies among those with and without ICVD; however, sex interacted with genotype in predicting ICVD in the ICVD and carotid stenosis cases ( P =0.02). In Copenhagen City Heart Study cases, sex was not significant ( P =0.18). Odds ratios for ICVD in female mutation carriers were 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 6.4) and 1.9 (95% CI, 0.8 to 4.6) in ICVD plus carotid stenosis cases and Copenhagen City Heart Study cases, respectively. Equivalent values in male mutation carriers were 0.8 (95% CI, 0.3 to 1.8) and 0.8 (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.0), respectively. These results were similar in analyses that also allowed for other conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions —These results suggest that the Asn291Ser substitution in lipoprotein lipase is not associated with nonfatal ICVD in men but that it possibly confers a 2-fold risk in women.
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA IN PREGNANCY
Authors: JACOB MEYER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Paroxysmal tachycardia is defined by Lewis as "a condition in which from time to time the normal mechanism of the heart beat is interrupted by a series of rapid and regular beats varying in rate between 100 and 200 beats per minute, the attacks starting and ending quite abruptly." The normal impulse to the heart beat originates in the sinus node, or pacemaker, situated at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right auricle. In paroxysmal tachycardia, a new center of impulse formation arises outside the sinus node, in either the auricle or the ventricle, and the rate is much greater than normal. In the ordinary case of paroxysmal tachycardia, the onset is sudden. The patient is perfectly comfortable and may be aware of the increase in the rate of the heart beat or of a fluttering sensation about the heart. The average pulse rate is about 160
Pharmacogenetics in the Laboratory and the Clinic
Authors: David B. Goldstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

One of the most striking features of modern medicines is how often they fail to work. Even when they do work, they are often associated with serious adverse reactions. Indeed, adverse reactions to drugs rank as one of the leading causes of death and illness in the developed world.1 How can we improve the success rate?The Human Genome Project and other advances have generated expectations that medicines can be customized to match the genetic makeup of patients, thereby dramatically improving efficacy and safety. These issues are examined in two review articles in this issue of the Journal.2, . . .
Desensitization in HLA-Incompatible Kidney Recipients and Survival
Authors: Robert A. Montgomery, Bonnie E. Lonze, Karen E. King, Edward S. Kraus, Lauren M. Kucirka, Jayme E. Locke, Daniel S. Warren, Christopher E. Simpkins, Nabil N. Dagher, Andrew L. Singer, Andrea A. Zachary, Dorry L. Segev
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

More than 20,000 candidates for kidney transplantation in the United States are sensitized to HLA and may have a prolonged wait for a transplant, with a reduced transplantation rate and an increased rate of death. One solution is to perform live-donor renal transplantation after the depletion of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies. Whether such antibody depletion results in a survival benefit as compared with waiting for an HLA-compatible kidney is unknown.We used a protocol that included plasmapheresis and the administration of low-dose intravenous immune globulin to desensitize 211 HLA-sensitized patients who subsequently underwent renal transplantation (treatment group). We compared rates of death between the group undergoing desensitization treatment and two carefully matched control groups of patients on a waiting list for kidney transplantation who continued to undergo dialysis (dialysis-only group) or who underwent either dialysis or HLA-compatible transplantation (dialysis-or-transplantation group).In the treatment group, Kaplan-Meier estimates of patient survival were 90.6% at 1 year, 85.7% at 3 years, 80.6% at 5 years, and 80.6% at 8 years, as compared with rates of 91.1%, 67.2%, 51.5%, and 30.5%, respectively, for patients in the dialysis-only group and rates of 93.1%, 77.0%, 65.6%, and 49.1%, respectively, for patients in the dialysis-or-transplantation group (P<0.001 for both comparisons).Live-donor transplantation after desensitization provided a significant survival benefit for patients with HLA sensitization, as compared with waiting for a compatible organ. By 8 years, this survival advantage more than doubled. These data provide evidence that desensitization protocols may help overcome incompatibility barriers in live-donor renal transplantation. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Charles T. Bauer Foundation.).
Enzyme changes in human small bowel mucosa during culture in vitro
Authors: J. D. Mitchell, J. Mitchell, T. J. Peters
Journal: Gut (1974)

Human jejunal biopsy slices were maintained in culture for up to 48 hours. At 24 hours there was good morphological preservation but by 48 hours there was ultrastructural evidence of damage to the enterocytes. During culture the tissue had lost a certain amount of protein. At the same time the levels of three brush border enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, and leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase) and one lysosomal enzyme (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) showed a progressive decrease. Alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase accumulated in the medium throughout the experimental period to give a medium:tissue distribution ratio of between 2 and 9. Leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase had a medium:tissue ratio of 140 after 48 hours of culture suggesting a selective secretion of this enzyme by the tissue.
Tissue-specific insulin resistance in mice with mutations in the insulin receptor, IRS-1, and IRS-2
Authors: Yoshiaki Kido, Deborah J. Burks, Dominic Withers, Jens C. Bruning, C. Ronald Kahn, Morris F. White, Domenico Accili
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by abnormalities of insulin action in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver and by altered β-cell function. To analyze the role of the insulin signaling pathway in these processes, we have generated mice with combined heterozygous null mutations in insulin receptor (ir), insulin receptor substrate (irs-1), and/or irs-2. Diabetes developed in 40% of ir/irs-1/irs-2+/–, 20% of ir/irs-1+/–, 17% of ir/irs-2+/–, and 5% of ir+/– mice. Although combined heterozygosity for ir/irs-1+/– and ir/irs-2+/– results in a similar number of diabetic mice, there are significant differences in the underlying metabolic abnormalities. ir/irs-1+/– mice develop severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver, with compensatory β-cell hyperplasia. In contrast, ir/irs-2+/– mice develop severe insulin resistance in liver, mild insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and modest β-cell hyperplasia. Triple heterozygotes develop severe insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver and marked β-cell hyperplasia. These data indicate tissue-specific differences in the roles of IRSs to mediate insulin action, with irs-1 playing a prominent role in skeletal muscle and irs-2 in liver. They also provide a practical demonstration of the polygenic and genetically heterogeneous interactions underlying the inheritance of type 2 diabetes.
Does this patient have appendicitis?
Authors: M. H. Moustafa
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Wagner and colleagues are to be congratulated on a thorough review 1 of the clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. However, there are several statements with which we disagree. The test for rebound tenderness is advocated for diagnosing general or localized irritation of the peritoneum, but the diagnostic accuracy and patients' acceptance of the test have been questioned. 2,3 The authors recommend performing the test for rebound tenderness by gradually compressing the abdomen and underlying peritoneum and then without warning, and preferably while the patient's attention is distracted, remove the hand suddenly to just above skin level. Watching the patient grimace is more indicative than a complaint of pain. In our opinion and that of others, this test is somewhat sadistic and often provides no additional information in patients who clearly have peritonitis based on gentler examination techniques. A gentle examination technique is essential in eliciting abdominal guarding, which is the
Clinical and angiographic follow-up after autologous vein graft-coated steel implantation
Authors: C. Stefanadis, K. Toutouzas, E. Tsiamis, C. Vlachopoulos, C. Stratos, I. Kallikazaros, M. Vavuranakis, P. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Weak link in vaccine cold chain.
Authors: H Briggs, S Ilett
Journal: BMJ (1993)

We asked 422 patients who had used the combined pill at some time about their knowledge of appropriate secondary methods of contraception to be used in the event of forgotten pills, severe vomiting, severe diarrhoea, and concurrent antibiotic treatment.Four correct replies were given by 70 (19%) of the 372 patients instructed by general practitioners and 25 (50%) of the 50 instructed in community family planning clinics.This difference was significant (p<0001) and was not explained by age, parity, marital status, or social class, which were similar in both groups.1 Lugosi L, Battersby A. Transport and storage of vaccines in Hungary: the first cold chain monitor study in Europe.
Comparison of two humidification systems for long-term noninvasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: S. Nava, S. Cirio, F. Fanfulla, A. Carlucci, A. Navarra, A. Negri, P. Ceriana
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

There is no consensus concerning the best system of humidification during long-term noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV). In a technical pilot randomised crossover 12-month study, 16 patients with stable chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure received either heated humidification or heat and moisture exchanger. Compliance with long-term NIMV, airway symptoms, side-effects and number of severe acute pulmonary exacerbations requiring hospitalisation were recorded. Two patients died. Intention-to-treat statistical analysis was performed on 14 patients. No significant differences were observed in compliance with long-term NIMV, but 10 out of 14 patients decided to continue long-term NIMV with heated humidification at the end of the trial. The incidence of side-effects, except for dry throat (significantly more often present using heat and moisture exchanger), hospitalisations and pneumonia were not significantly different. In the present pilot study, the use heated humidification and heat and moisture exchanger showed similar tolerance and side-effects, but a higher number of patients decided to continue long-term noninvasive mechanical ventilation with heated humidification. Further larger studies are required in order to confirm these findings.
Three-Year Follow-up after Implantation of Metallic Coronary-Artery Stents
Authors: Takeshi Kimura, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Takashi Tamura, Satoshi Kaburagi, Yoshihiro Sawada, Yasukazu Sato, Hiroatsu Yokoi, Naoya Hamasaki, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Coronary-artery stents are known to reduce rates of restenosis after coronary angioplasty, but it is uncertain how long this benefit is maintained.
Mechanisms of Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Associated With Coronary Artery Occlusion in a Chronic Canine Model
Authors: Kunihiro Nishida, Xiao Yan Qi, Reza Wakili, Philippe Comtois, Denis Chartier, Masahide Harada, Yu-ki Iwasaki, Philippe Romeo, Ange Maguy, Dobromir Dobrev, Georghia Michael, Mario Talajic, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Coronary artery disease predisposes to atrial fibrillation (AF), but the effects of chronic atrial ischemia/infarction on AF-related substrates are unknown.Regional right atrial myocardial infarction (MI) was created in 40 dogs by ligating an artery that supplies the right atrial free wall and not the ventricles; 35 sham dogs with the same artery isolated but not ligated were controls. Dogs were observed 8 days after MI and subjected to open-chest study, in vitro optical mapping, and/or cell isolation for patch-clamp and Ca(2+) imaging on day 8. Holter ECGs showed more spontaneous atrial ectopy in MI dogs (eg, 662±281 on day 7 versus 34±25 ectopic complexes per day at baseline; 52±21 versus 1±1 atrial tachycardia episodes per day). Triggered activity was increased in MI border zone cells, which had faster decay of caffeine-evoked Ca(2+) transients and enhanced (by ≈73%) Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange current. Spontaneous Ca(2+) sparks (confocal microscopy) occurred under β-adrenergic stimulation in more MI dog cells (66±9%) than in control cells (29±4%; P<0.01). Burst pacing induced long-lasting AF in MI dogs (1146±259 versus 30±14 seconds in shams). Increased border zone conduction heterogeneity was confirmed by both bipolar electrode mapping in vivo and optical mapping. Optical mapping demonstrated stable border zone reentry in all 9 MI preparations but in none of 6 shams. Border zone tissue showed increased fibrous tissue content.Chronic atrial ischemia/infarction creates substrates for both spontaneous ectopy (Ca(2+)-release events, increased Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange current) and sustained reentry (conduction abnormalities that anchor reentry). Thus, chronic atrial infarction in dogs promotes both AF triggers and the substrate for AF maintenance. These results provide novel insights into potential AF mechanisms in patients with coronary artery disease.
Dupuytren's Contracture
Authors: T. Wegmann
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was highly interested in your historical editorial on the famous French surgeon Guilleume Dupuytren (<i>JAMA</i><b>189</b>:509 [Aug 10] 1964). As you stated, he ignored Sir Astley Cooper's prior description of what came to be known as Dupuytren's contracture. An even earlier description, two centuries before Cooper's, exists of a traumatic condition of the hand similar to Dupuytren's contracture. It is by Felix Platter of Basel, Switzerland, and appeared in his book<i>Observations</i>, edited by Hans Huber and published by Ludwig König in 1614.
Nanoparticle-induced vascular blockade in human prostate cancer
Authors: Lilach Agemy, Kazuki N. Sugahara, Venkata Ramana Kotamraju, Kunal Gujraty, Olivier M. Girard, Yuko Kono, Robert F. Mattrey, Ji-Ho Park, Michael J. Sailor, Ana I. Jimenez, Carlos Cativiela, David Zanuy, Francisco J. Sayago, Carlos Aleman, Ruth Nussinov, Erkki Ruoslahti
Journal: Blood (2010)
Contribution of nonesterified fatty acids to insulin resistance in the elderly with normal fasting but diabetic 2-hour postchallenge plasma glucose levels: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Olga D. Carlson, Jehan D. David, Jessica M. Schrieder, Dennis C. Muller, Hyeung-Jin Jang, Byung-Joon Kim, Josephine M. Egan
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
THE SIMPLEST EXPLANATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Authors: G. W. DRAKE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

This paper is designed to be simply a suggestive presentation of the subject, not an exhaustive exposition. It is a brief rehearsal of the method employed by me in teaching physiology at the Chattanooga Medical College. The key to the simplest explanation of the functions of the nervous system is, in my opinion, to base all nervous phenomena on the hypothesis of the existence of a specific energy peculiar to nervous tissue. It also very much simplifies the explanation to give to this energy a distinctive name and assign it a place with the natural energies. Conferring on it the dignity of a name will emphasize its importance, and it will be easier and more interesting to study its action and formulate its laws. The rapid development of the laws of electricity, and its many practical uses are, doubtless in a great measure, due to the differentiation and naming of
EXTRA-UTERINE PREGNANCY AT FULL TERM
Authors: John J. Catlin
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Extra-uterine pregnancy at full term is a somewhat rare condition. Reliable statistics report something less than 200 cases in medical literature, of which about thirty patients were operated on and a living child delivered. Although about 1 per cent. of all pregnancies are extra-uterine, the ovum rarely lives and succeeds in attaching itself to vascular organs and developing to full term. In the case reported here, the child arrived at full term, living, strong and well developed; died in utero, and three weeks later was removed by operation. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. W. E., aged 29, a farmer's wife, was always well and strong, had been a country school teacher for the last seven years. She had measles and mumps when a child, influenza four years before the present illness, and smallpox two years later. She had menstruated regularly every three or four weeks since the age of 13, but
AORTIC BIOMECHANICS BY MRI: RELATION WITH AGE, GENDER AND TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS. A CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDY: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Gisela Teixido, Atul Chugh, Alban Redheuil, Chia Ying Liu, Richard Stacey, Colin Wu, Harry Dietz, Antoinette Gomes, Martin Prince, Artur Evangelista, Greg Hundley, David Bluemke, Joao Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
ATMOSPHERIC CHANGES RELATING TO THE PREVALENCE OF CHOLERA
Authors: J. A. Hingeston
Journal: BMJ (1854)

itNAlr mnIUNOA?IONS.S" is -i IIy klie: he, however, descibes aU the exre- tios choler as alkaline, and gives as the cause the ascertained presence of carbonate of ammonia, a circum- stance to which he appears to me to attribute undue im- portance.This alkaline reaction, except in the case of the tools, is quite opposed to my own observations.[To be continue4.]
Role of oxygen in phagocyte microbicidal action.
Authors: R C Allen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Immune information in the form of inflammatory mediators directs phagocyte locomotion and increases expression of opsonin receptors such that contact with an opsonized microbe results in receptor ligation and activation of microbicidal metabolism. Carbohydrate dehydrogenation and O2 consumption feed reactions that effectively lower the spin quantum number (S) of O2 from 1 to 1/2 and finally to 0. Oxidase-catalyzed univalent reduction of O2 (S = 1; triplet multiplicity) yields hydrodioxylic acid (HO2) and its conjugate base superoxide, O2- (S = 1/2; doublet multiplicity). Acid or enzymatic disproportionation of superoxide yields H2O2 (S = 0; singlet multiplicity). Haloperoxidase catalyzes H2O2-dependent oxidation of Cl- yielding HOCl (S = 0), and reaction of HOCl with H2O2 yields singlet molecular oxygen, 1O2 (S = 0; singlet multiplicity). The Wigner spin conservation rule restricts direct reaction of S = 1 O2 with S = 0 organic molecules. Lowering the S of O2 overcomes this spin restriction and allows microbicidal combustion. High exergonicity dioxygenation reactions yield electronically excited carbonyl products that relax by photon emission, i.e., phagocyte luminescence. Addition of high quantum yield substrates susceptible to spin allowed dioxygenation, i.e., chemiluminigenic substrates, greatly increases detection sensitivity and defines the nature of the oxygenating agent. Measurement of luminescence allows high sensitivity, real-time, and substrate-specific differential analysis of phagocyte dioxygenating activities. Under assay conditions where immune mediator and opsonin exposure are controlled, luminescence analysis of the initial phase of opsonin-stimulated oxygenation activity allows functional assessment of the opsonin receptor expression per circulating phagocyte and can be used to gauge the in vivo state of immune activation.
Timing of female sterilisation.
Authors: J M Emens, J E Olive
Journal: BMJ (1978)

potential at the wrist of at least 8-5 ,uV with a latency of less than 2-8 ms.Tinel's sign, sought by tapping the volar aspect of the wrist with a finger, was regarded as positive when tingling or mild electric shock sensations were felt in the median nerve territory in the hand.The data (see table) were arranged in a 2 x 2 contingency table and a x2 test performed.Presence of Tinel's sign in hands with and without CTS With CTS Without CTS No of hands .5152 No of subjects 37 38 Age range (years) 36-84 30-84 Mean age (years) 55 53 % Women .8179 Tinel's sign present 23 (45 O)* 15 (29 o)* *X2=2-26; P=0 10.