tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of the slow releasing of testosterone from radiation-polymerized testicular prostheses implanted subcutaneously in the back of castrated rabbits
Authors: Masaru Yoshida, Masaharu Asano, Isao Kaetsu, Kyoichi Imai, Tooru Mashimo, Hisako Yuasa, Hidetoshi Yamanaka, Umeko Kawaharada, Keiji Suzuki
Journal: Biomaterials (1987)
The Role of Health-Interview Surveys
Authors: Ronald W. Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In a recent article in Scientific American devoted to "Life and Death and Medicine," White1 discusses the fact that medical researchers and teaching physicians have based most of their studies on their experience with patients in teaching hospitals, taking these patients as representative of the full range of medical problems experienced by the general population. However, within the typical population of 1000 persons in one year, only 100 are admitted to a hospital, and only 10 are admitted to a university hospital. This discrepancy in the experience of medical researchers on the one hand and the medical experiences of the . . .
Fracture risk is increased in Crohn's disease, but not in ulcerative colitis
Authors: P Vestergaard
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>AIMS</h3> To study fracture rates and risk factors for fractures in patients with Crohn9s disease and ulcerative colitis. <h3>METHODS</h3> 998 self administered questionnaires were issued to members of the Danish Colitis/Crohn Association, and 1000 questionnaires were issued to randomly selected control subjects. 845 patients (84.5%) and 645 controls (65.4%) returned the questionnaire (p&lt;0.01). 817 patients and 635 controls could be analysed. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Analysis was performed on 383 patients with Crohn9s disease (median age 39, range 8–82 years; median age at diagnosis 26, range 1–75 years), 434 patients with ulcerative colitis (median age 39, range 11–86 years; median age at diagnosis 29, range 10–78 years), and 635 controls (median age 43, range 19–93 years, p&lt;0.01). The fracture risk was increased in female patients with Crohn9s disease (relative risk (RR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–3.6), but not in male patients with Crohn9s disease (RR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3–1.3) or in patients with ulcerative colitis (RR = 1.1, 95% CI 0.8–1.6). An increased proportion of low energy fractures was observed in patients with Crohn9s disease (15.7% versus 1.4 % in controls, 2p&lt;0.01), but not in patients with ulcerative colitis (5.4%, 2p=0.30). The increased fracture frequency in Crohn9s disease was present for fractures of the spine, feet, and toes and fractures of the ribs and pelvis. Fracture risk increased with increasing duration of systemic corticosteroid use in Crohn9s disease (2p=0.028), but not in ulcerative colitis (2p=0.50). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> An increased risk of low energy fractures was observed in female patients with Crohn9s disease, but not in male patients with Crohn9s disease or in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Hepatitis B Virus in the United States
Authors: George N. Ioannou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters2 August 2011Hepatitis B Virus in the United StatesGeorge N. Ioannou, BMBCh, MSGeorge N. Ioannou, BMBCh, MSFrom Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-3-201108020-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I thank Dr. Wang and Dr. Evans and their respective associates for their thoughtful comments. Certain racial or ethnic groups (such as Hispanic persons and non-Hispanic black persons) were deliberately oversampled in NHANES, whereas Asian persons were not oversampled.It is well-documented that the prevalence of chronic HBV infection in the United States is much higher among Asian persons than other racial or ethnic groups, such as Hispanic persons. However, these facts alone did not lead to underestimation of the national prevalence of HBV in my analyses, because the NHANES investigators provide weights to account for oversampling. Weights ...References1. Weinbaum CM, Mast EE, Ward JW. Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 2009;49:S35-44. [PMID: 19399812] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Weinbaum CM, Williams I, Mast EE, Wang SA, Finelli L, Wasley A, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2008;57:1-20. [PMID: 18802412] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington 98108.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M10-1301. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHepatitis B Virus in the United States: Infection, Exposure, and Immunity Rates in a Nationally Representative Survey George N. Ioannou Hepatitis B Virus in the United States Su H. Wang , Perry Pong , and Henry Pollack Hepatitis B Virus in the United States Alison A. Evans , Chari Cohen , and W.T. London Metrics 2 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 3Page: 205-206KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureHepatitis B virusHispanic people ePublished: 2 August 2011 Issue Published: 2 August 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Discrepancy Between the Tuberculin Skin Test and the Whole-Blood Interferon γ Assay for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in an Intermediate Tuberculosis-Burden Country
Authors: Young Ae Kang
Journal: JAMA (2005)

A recently developed whole-blood interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) assay based on stimulation with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens early secreted antigenic target 6 and culture filtrate protein 10 shows promise for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection.To compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the whole-blood IFN-gamma assay in the diagnosis of latent TB infection according to the intensity of exposure.A prospective comparison between the whole-blood IFN-gamma assay and the TST using a 2-TU dose of purified protein derivative RT23 in a population with intermediate TB burden was conducted sequentially between February 1, 2004, and February 28, 2005, in a Korean tertiary referral hospital.Of 273 participants, 220 (95.7%) had received BCG vaccine. Participants were grouped according to their risk of infection: group 1, no identifiable risk of M tuberculosis infection (n = 99); group 2, recent casual contacts (n = 72); group 3, recent close contacts (n = 48); group 4, bacteriologically or pathologically confirmed TB patients (n = 54).Levels of agreement between the TST and the IFN-gamma assay and the likelihood of infection in the various groups.For the TST with a 10-mm induration cutoff, the positive response rate in group 1 was 51%; group 2, 60%; group 3, 71%, and group 4, 78%. For the IFN-gamma assay, the positive response rate in group 1 was 4%; group 2, 10%; group 3, 44%; and group 4, 81%. The overall agreement between the TST and the IFN-gamma assay in healthy volunteers was kappa = 0.16. The odds of a positive test result per unit increase in exposure across the 4 groups increased by a factor of 5.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.62-7.79) for the IFN-gamma assay and by a factor of 1.52 (95% CI, 1.20-1.91) for the TST (P<.001). Using a 15-mm induration cutoff for the TST did not make a substantial difference to the test results.The IFN-gamma assay is a better indicator of the risk of M tuberculosis infection than TST in a BCG-vaccinated population.
Overexpression of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor and Activation of the AKT Pathway in Hyperplastic Endometrium
Authors: Adrienne S. McCampbell, Russell R. Broaddus, David S. Loose, Peter J.A. Davies
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Although there is considerable information on the molecular aberrations associated with endometrial cancer, very little is known of the changes in gene expression associated with endometrial hyperplasia. Experimental Design: To address this, we have compared the level of expression of estrogen-regulated genes and components of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling pathway in endometrial biopsies from subjects with normal endometrium, complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial adenocarcinoma (type I). Results: There was a significant increase in the expression of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in biopsies from hyperplastic endometrium and endometrial carcinoma compared with the proliferative endometrium. The receptor was also activated, as judged by increased tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, the downstream components of the IGF-IR pathway are activated, as reflected in increased Akt phosphorylation. Loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression in endometrial hyperplasia did not correlate with increased activation of IGF-IR. However, the simultaneous loss of PTEN expression and increased IGF-IR activation in hyperplasia was associated with an increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma. Conclusions: These results suggest that up-regulation of IGF-IR and loss of PTEN may be independent events that give rise to complementary activation of the IGF-I pathway and increase the probability of the development of cancer. These studies suggest that increased expression of IGF-IR may be an important contributor to the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
Localization of angiotensin converting enzyme in rat heart.
Authors: H Yamada, B Fabris, A M Allen, B Jackson, C I Johnston, A O Mendelsohn
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was localized in rat heart by quantitative in vitro autoradiography with 125I-351A as the radioligand. The binding association constant (KA) of the radioligand was measured in membrane-rich fractions of atrium, ventricle, and lung by a radioinhibitor binding assay. A single class of high-affinity binding sites was detected in each tissue, and a significant difference was found between KA values for atria and ventricles with a rank order of atria greater than lungs greater than ventricles. For autoradiography, coronal sections (10 micron) of the frozen heart were incubated with 125I-351A and exposed to x-ray film. The autoradiographs were quantitated by computerized image analysis. The highest density of ACE in the heart was found on valve leaflets (aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid), which contrasted markedly with very low ACE labeling in the endocardium. The coronary arteries also showed dense labeling of ACE. The right atrium had a moderate density of ACE, which was higher than the left atrium and the ventricles. Both the endothelial and adventitial layers of the aorta and pulmonary artery displayed high densities of ACE, with very low density in the media. ACE was not detected in either the sinoatrial node or atrioventricular node. These results reveal a markedly nonuniform localization of ACE in the rat heart and suggest possible sites for local angiotensin II generation and bradykinin or other peptide metabolism.
Clinical Management of Infectious Diseases: A Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: J. V. Hirschmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes15 June 1999Clinical Management of Infectious Diseases: A Guide to Diagnosis and TherapyJ. V. Hirschmann, MDJ. V. Hirschmann, MDPuget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. (Hirschmann)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Schlager SI. 937 pages. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1998. $35.00. ISBN 0638305689. Order phone 800-638-0672.Field of medicine: Infectious disease.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Clinicians who see patients with infectious diseases, including primary care practitioners, infectious disease specialists, and physicians in training.Purpose: To help the practicing physician formulate a comprehensive and cost-effective evaluation and management plan for patients with infectious diseases.Content: The 15 chapters discuss infections by organ system and present information in standardized outline format: presenting symptoms, differential diagnosis, suggested work-up, definitive diagnosis, suggested treatment, and follow-up. References and recommended reading are provided, followed by a lengthy ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Puget Sound Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington. (Hirschmann) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 12Page: 1031-1032KeywordsAdverse reactionsAntimicrobialsAspergillosisComputer softwareDrug interactionsDrug pricesDrugsInfectious diseasesInformation technologyVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Wade H. Brown, Louise Pearce, William D. Witherbee
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

From a study of a series of rabbits inoculated with two old strains of Treponema pallidum, it was found that localized infection of bones and tendons was of frequent occurrence and led to the formation of a variety of lesions. The bones usually involved were those of the face and the feet and legs. Most often the lesions arose from the periosteum but developed also within the bone or marrow cavities and at lines of epiphyseal union. Grossly, the periosteal lesions were of two types-one being a circumscribed, indurated, and nodular mass and the other a process of a more diffuse character. Histologically, the lesions presented the typical appearance of syphilitic granulomata composed of more or less distinct layers which corresponded roughly with structural divisions of the periosteum. The composition of lesions of membrane and of cartilage bones differed somewhat in this respect, especially in the development of an osteoclastic layer. Invasion of the bone with absorption and necrosis were constant features of periosteal affections and were most marked in the case of the facial bones and the small bones of the feet. Lesions in the bone and marrow cavities were detected chiefly by radiographs or by the occurrence of bone destruction in the absence of periosteal involvement. They were characterized by a loss of structural detail in the bone, rarefication, increased fragility, necrosis, pathological fracture, and epiphyseal separation associated with more or less granulomatous reaction. Histologically, the bone lesions presented essentially the same picture as those of the periosteum, while the lesions which arose from the marrow cavities were composed chiefly of polyblastic infiltrations. In this group of affections, the most important were those which developed at the epiphyses. The destructive effects produced by all classes of lesions varied from a slight surface erosion or rarefication to extensive necrosis resulting in the formation of bony defects or in disintegration or fracture of the bone. These conditions differed very decidedly with the particular bones involved. Of especial importance in this connection was the occurrence of a peculiar form of mass necrosis which at times resulted in the destruction of considerable areas of bone even in parts where the granulomatous type of lesion was comparatively slight. The most characteristic injuries were the saddle-nose deformities and the epiphyseal separation in the small bones of the tarsus and hind feet. The marks of permanent injury were, on the whole, comparatively slight, but they also differed both with the degree of the original injury and with the bone affected. Granulomatous lesions of tendons or tendon sheaths were occasionally seen, and in a few instances, lesions of synovial cavities were demonstrated microscopically.
A CASE OF ACUTE APPENDICITIS, FOLLOWED BY EMBOLISM OR THROMBOSIS OF LEFT EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY, WITH DRY GANGRENE OF LEFT FOOT AND LEG.
Authors: RANDOLPH WINSLOW
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>History.</h3> —Sept. 17, 1906, Mr. G., aged 57, a large, fat, previously active and supposedly healthy man, was attacked with pain in the abdomen. He went to his store on the morning of September 18, but was unable to remain the whole day, and I was summoned to see him in the evening. He was suffering considerable pain in the abdomen, which was rigid in the appendiceal region, with marked tenderness on pressure over appendix. There was fever and acceleration of pulse to a moderate degree. This man had enjoyed exceptionally good health, was not addicted to alcohol, but used tobacco to a moderate extent. He was a merchant and was able to live comfortably and without undue strain or exposure of any kind. His arteries were not sclerotic. Two years previously he had an attack of facial erysipelas of a severe type, from which he made a good recovery,
EFFECT OF RAMIPRILAT-COATED STENT IN A PORCINE CORONARY RESTENOSIS MODEL
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Myung Ho Jeong, Jung Ha Kim, Kyung Seob Lim, Jum Suk Ko, Min Goo Lee, Doo Sun Sim, Keun Ho Park, Nam Sik Yoon, Hyun Ju Youn, Kye Hun Kim, Hyung Wook Park, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Increased Pulmonary Technetium-99m DTPA Accumulation in a Patient with Goodpasture??s Syndrome
Authors: ZVI H. OSTER, HAROLD L. ATKINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Goodpasture's syndrome is characterized by the triad of glomerulonephritis, intra-alveolar pulmonary hemorrhage, and presence of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies. It has been shown earlier that intraalveolar hemorrhage can be detected with radioisotopic techniques. A patient with Goodpasture's syndrome showing increased pulmonary accumulation of Tc-99m DTPA with no evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage is presented.
Ursodeoxycholate protects oxidative mitochondrial metabolism from bile acid toxicity: Dose-response study in isolated rat liver mitochondria
Authors: Stephan Krähenbühl, Sven Fischer, Christine Talos, Jürg Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The effect of ursodeoxycholate and tauroursodeoxycholate on the toxicity of lipophilic bile acids (chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate) on the function of the electron transport chain was investigated in isolated rat liver mitochondria. At a concentration of 30 mumol/L, both chenodeoxycholate and lithocholate reduced state 3 oxidation rates and respiratory control ratios of L-glutamate, succinate and duroquinol. In contrast, ADP/O ratios of these substrates and oxidative metabolism of ascorbate were not significantly affected. Ursodeoxycholate did not impair mitochondrial oxidative metabolism up to concentrations of 100 mumol/L; at 300 mumol/L, however, it decreased state 3 oxidation rates and respiratory control ratios of L-glutamate, succinate and duroquinol. Tauroursodeoxycholate had no significant inhibitory effect on state 3 oxidation rates of L-glutamate and succinate at concentrations up to 300 mumol/L. When ursodeoxycholate (final concentration, 30 mumol/L or 100 mumol/L) was added to mitochondrial incubations containing chenodeoxycholate or lithocholate, the toxic effects of lipophilic bile acids on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism were partially reversed. However, 300 mumol/L ursodeoxycholate, in combination with chenodeoxycholate or lithocholate, exhibited greater toxicity compared with incubations containing only the individual bile acids. In contrast to ursodeoxycholate, tauroursodeoxycholate did not reduce the toxic effects of chenodeoxycholate or lithocholate on mitochondrial metabolism. Ursodeoxycholate (100 mumol/L) significantly decreased the incorporation of chenodeoxycholate into mitochondrial membranes, whereas the decrease in lithocholate incorporation was not statistically significant. These studies demonstrate that ursodeoxycholate, but not tauroursodeoxycholate, decreases the toxicity of lipophilic bile acids on the function of the electron but increases bile acid-induced mitochondrial toxicity at higher concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Plasma soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Erol Erduran, Yakup Aslan, Yüksel Aliyazicioğlu, Hilal Mocan, Yusuf Gedik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was measured in the plasma of 31 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and 22 normal controls. When thrombocytopenia persisted longer than 6 months, the diagnosis of chronic ITP was made. Twenty patients had acute ITP, 11 patients had chronic ITP, and all patients received high-dose methylprednisolone (HDMP) (30 mg/kg/d for 3 days, 20 mg/kg/d for 4 days). The sIL-2R levels of the patients were determined before being giving HDMP and 14 days after the end of HDMP therapy. Platelet counts were determined before administration of HDMP, one day after the end of HDMP therapy, and once every 28 days for 7 months thereafter. There was not a significant difference between the mean pre-treatment plasma sIL-2R levels of both acute and chronic ITP groups (P > 0.05), and these were higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). The mean post-treatment sIL-2R level of the chronic ITP group was significantly higher than those of both the control and post-treatment acute ITP groups (P < 0.001). There were negative correlations between the plasma sIL-2R levels and platelet counts of both group patients in the pre-treatment period and between post-treatment sIL-2R levels and platelet counts in chronic ITP group (P < 0.05). We think that there was a good correlation between prognosis of ITP and sIL-2R levels after HDMP therapy, and platelet counts in patients with ITP are linked to sIL-2R levels. Am. J. Hematol. 57:119–123, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Crohn's Disease of the Stomach and Duodenum: A Clinical Study with Emphasis on the Value of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Biopsies
Authors: P. Rutgeerts, E. Onette, G. Vantrappen, K. Geboes, L. Broeckaert, L. Talloen
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

The aim of this study was to correlate endoscopic, radiological and pathological observations in 30 patients with Crohn's disease, with involvement of the stomach and/or duodenum. The incidence of gastroduodenal involvement in our patients with Crohn's disease is about 3%. 22 of the 30 patients had intrinsic lesions of the stomach and/or duodenum; in 8 patients the lesions seemed to be produced by involvement from contiguous diseased bowel. Radiological studies and endoscopy of the gastroduodenal region are complementary. Endoscopy allows better visualisation of mucosal defects. Other features, for example a diminished expansion and the presence of contiguity lesions, are better demonstrated by barium meal. The mucosal lesions found at endoscopy are heterogenous, but irregularly-shaped ulcers and erosions in a disrupted mucosal pattern are typical for gastroduodenal Crohn's disease. Pathological examination of endoscopic "forceps"-biopsies permitted a conclusive diagnosis based on the presence of granulomas, in 15/22 (68%) of the cases with intrinsic gastroduodenal disease. This observation indicates that simple forceps biopsy is a very useful diagnostic tool. Involvement of the first part of the duodenum in Crohn's disease was complicated by a biliary fistula in two patients.