tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Striae gravidarum in primiparae
Authors: G.S.S. Atwal, L.K. Manku, C.E.M. Griffiths, D.W. Polson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Striae distensae are widely known to occur in pregnancy and aesthetically they can be a cause of great concern for many women. Various factors have been reported to be associated with the development of striae but the results are conflicting.To observe the prevalence of striae gravidarum in primiparae and identify independent associated risk factors.An observational analysis of 324 primiparae was conducted within 48 h of delivery. Data was collected in the form of a questionnaire and physical examination. Seventy-two primiparae participated in a pilot study in 1999 and the remaining were assessed over a 4-month period in 2000. Seventeen variables were recorded, and striae graded according to quantity and severity. Fifteen primiparae were excluded prior to analysis.Fifty-two per cent (161 of 309) of primiparous white women had striae of which 12% (20 of 161) were classified as severe. The most significant risk factor was low maternal age (P < 0.0001). Twenty per cent (14 of 71) of teenagers had severe striae, a finding not seen in women over 30 years of age. Other significant risk factors included maternal body mass index greater than 26 (P = 0.0003), maternal weight gain of more than 15 kg (P = 0.0121) and high neonatal birth weight (P = 0.0135).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that maternal age, body mass index, weight gain and neonatal birth weight were independently associated with the occurrence of striae. It appears that the group at highest risk of developing severe striae are teenagers. This finding is important and may provide impetus to explore the pathomechanisms of striae.
HYSTERO-SALPINGOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF STERILITY AND PELVIC DISEASE
Authors: R. S. Statham
Journal: BMJ (1929)

IMEDIC JOUALThese recommendations are sometimes not acted upon by the authorities because the facilities do not at present exist, buit I lope they miiay assist ultimately in the framiiig o-f schemies for adminlistrative advance.The numiiber of cases is large, and their continued suLipervision a matter of very considerable difficulty.The serious figures I have given,, showing that in 35-per cent. of thee eases death or perimanenlt cardiac crippling sup-ervened, may be subjected to criticisn fromi two aspects.In the first place, it can be urged that chiefly serio-us cases were senlt to thle k4in1ics, anid this is nio doubt true to some extenit.But it is not altog;ether so, becauLse school medical officers were informed that it -was 7-heuntatic children with whomii, it was desired to deal, anid they knew that the underlying effort -as the prevention of heart disease.The other Criitic'iSm that can be ptut forward is that these chidJlren were niot efficiently caved for.This criticism I Also, regretfully, accept inI part, and shall deal with some deftails in a momnent; but this mnust now be said-that exceptional care anid attentioin have beeni paid to thlese children, no pains have been spared in their treatment, and in many inistances the degree of their improvement has beeni remarkable.I am definitely of opinioln that the developmelat "of specific rhenumatic clinics 'with associated hlme visitition and regular supervision has improved the prognosis.
Quick's One-Stage Prothrombin Time-Reply
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  It is easy to comprehend Dr. Vigran's difficulty in understanding my comments ( JAMA  176 :1127 [July 1] 1961) concerning his paper ( JAMA  176 :188 [April 22] 1961) because he has uncritically accepted the claim that the Thrombotest is sensitive to Factor IX. I have found that the Thrombotest is completely normal when tested on the plasma from a patient with severe hemophilia B, whose blood contains only a trace of Factor IX. Neither the Thrombotest nor my test is sensitive to Factor IX, but my test, however, is exceedingly sensitive to Factor VII, the factor which is primarily reduced by avitaminosis K, whether induced by diet or by antivitamin K drugs such as bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol).  By a slight modification, namely, adding one-tenth volume of aged serum, which is rich in Factors VII and X to the plasma, the one-stage prothrombin time is made specific for free prothrombin
Slaying the dragon: how the tobacco industry refuses to die
Authors: J. Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The tobacco industry is using an increasing range of techniques to regain its influence over public policy making—with some alarming success, reports Jonathan Gornall 

On 11 March, the UK’s House of Commons took a bold and exemplary step, voting into law legislation that will introduce plain packaging for cigarettes in England by May 2016. Following Australia and, by just a few weeks, Ireland, England becomes only the third country to open up this latest front in the battle against tobacco harm.

The decision was exemplary, says the global tobacco control campaigner Judith Mackay, because it will encourage other countries with fewer resources to follow suit. But it was bold because inevitably the UK will now be engulfed in a storm of legal challenges from an industry determined to fight for every inch of ground, even as its products continue to kill millions around the world (fig 1⇓).



The UK has voted itself into membership of a select club of countries that since 2010 have been embroiled in legal actions launched by the industry. They include pathfinder Australia, which has been fighting challenges to its Tobacco Plain Packaging Act since 2011.

“I would say that nowadays no country can pass seriously useful legislation without a legal challenge,” says Mackay, senior adviser to the World Lung Foundation and the World Health Organization.

“The courts throw out almost all these cases, but the problem is they intimidate and leave other countries very reluctant to step into the fray.”

Within days of the vote in the House of Commons, the industry made plain its determination to fight plain packaging all the way, contesting the loss of its intellectual property rights —pack designs and branding—and alleged breaches of World Trade Organisation rules on international trade.

“Legal action is not something we want to …
Identification and Validation of Differences in Protein Levels in Normal, Premalignant, and Malignant Lung Cells and Tissues Using High-Throughput Western Array and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Jie Shen, Carmen Behrens, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Lei Feng, J. Jack Lee, Waun Ki Hong, Reuben Lotan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

The identification of proteins, which exhibit different levels in normal, premalignant, and malignant lung cells, could improve early diagnosis and intervention. We compared the levels of proteins in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and tumorigenic HBE cells (1170-I) by high-throughput immunoblotting (PowerBlot Western Array) using 800 monoclonal antibodies. This analysis revealed that 87 proteins increased by >2-fold, and 45 proteins decreased by >2-fold, in 1170-I compared with NHBE cells. These proteins are involved in DNA synthesis and repair, cell cycle regulation, RNA transcription and degradation, translation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton and cell motility, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway. Conventional Western blotting using lysates of normal, immortalized, transformed, and tumorigenic HBEs and non-small cell lung cancer cell lines confirmed some of these changes. The expression of several of these proteins has been then analyzed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing 323 samples, including normal bronchial epithelium, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, dysplasias, squamous cell carcinomas, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, and adenocarcinomas from 144 patients. The results of the immunohistochemical studies correlated with the Western blotting findings and showed gradual increases (caspase-8, signal transducers and activators of transcription 5, and p70s6K) or decrease (E-cadherin) in levels with tumor progression. These results indicate that the changes in proteins detected in this study may occur early in lung carcinogenesis and persist in lung cancer. In addition, some of the proteins detected by this approach may be novel biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer and novel targets for chemoprevention or therapy.
Liver disease rises in England while falling elsewhere in Europe, report says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The chief medical officer for England has called for urgent action to stem the surge in cases of liver disease.

In her first annual report, published today, Sally Davies said that tackling the rising incidence of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis was a pressing priority.1 Cases rose by around 20% in people aged under 65 between 2000 and 2009 in England but fell by the same amount in most European Union countries.

The report, which has collated a range of data to provide a detailed picture of the nation’s health, says that a failure to tackle the three main causes of liver disease—­obesity, undiagnosed infection, and, increasingly, harmful …
Oral contraceptives and the uterine vessels.
Authors: E C Grant
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ratios above 1:1 at about 32 weeks "would probably have been induced at 32 weeks' gestation; but combining such serious pre- maturity with severe haemolytic disease had resulted in almost a 400% neonatal mortality."It seems that you misread this very easily understood statement.It is a pity that your readers should be thus misinformed.
The effects of hourly differences in air pollution on the risk of myocardial infarction: case crossover analysis of the MINAP database
Authors: K. Bhaskaran, S. Hajat, B. Armstrong, A. Haines, E. Herrett, P. Wilkinson, L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> To investigate associations between air pollution levels and myocardial infarction (MI) on short timescales, with data at an hourly temporal resolution. <b>Design</b> Time stratified case crossover study linking clinical data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) with PM<sub>10</sub>, ozone, CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, and SO<sub>2</sub> data from the UK National Air Quality Archive. Pollution effects were investigated with delays (lags) of 1–6, 7–12, 13–18, 19–24, and 25–72 hours in both single and multi-pollutant models, adjusted for ambient temperature, relative humidity, circulating levels of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus, day of week, holidays, and residual seasonality within calendar month strata. <b>Setting</b> Population based study in 15 conurbations in England and Wales. <b>Subjects</b> 79 288 diagnoses of myocardial infarction recorded over the period 2003–6. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Excess risk of myocardial infarction per 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in pollutant level. <b>Results</b> In single pollutant models, PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> levels were associated with a very short term increase in risk of myocardial infarction 1–6 hours later (excess risks 1.2% (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 2.1) and 1.1% (0.3 to 1.8) respectively per 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase); the effects persisted in multi-pollutant models, though with only weak evidence of an independent PM<sub>10</sub> effect (P=0.05). The immediate risk increases were followed by reductions in risk at longer lags: we found no evidence of any net excess risk associated with the five pollutants studied over a 72 hour period after exposure. <b>Conclusions</b> Higher levels of PM<sub>10</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>, which are typically markers of traffic related pollution, seem to be associated with transiently increased risk of myocardial infarction 1–6 hours after exposure, but later reductions in risk suggest that air pollution may be associated with bringing events forward in time (“short-term displacement”) rather than increasing overall risk. The well established effect of air pollution on cardiorespiratory mortality may not be mediated through increasing the acute risk of myocardial infarction, but through another mechanism.
Paramagnetic dysprosium oxide nanoparticles and dysprosium hydroxide nanorods as T2 MRI contrast agents
Authors: Krishna Kattel, Ja Young Park, Wenlong Xu, Han Gyeol Kim, Eun Jung Lee, Badrul Alam Bony, Woo Choul Heo, Seonguk Jin, Jong Su Baeck, Yongmin Chang, Tae Jeong Kim, Ji Eun Bae, Kwon Seok Chae, Gang Ho Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Is genomics bad for you?
Authors: Benjamin J. A. Dickins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract The plasticity of the genome complicates genetic causation but should be investigated from a functional perspective. Specific adaptive hypotheses are referenced in the target article, but it is also necessary to explain how the integrity of the genome is maintained despite processes that tend towards its diversification and degradation. These include the accumulation of deleterious changes and intragenomic conflict.
Macroglobulinemia with Bence Jones Proteinuria: Comparison of Urinary Protein and L Chain of Serum Proteins*
Authors: Dale Gross, Wallace V. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1964)

Edelman and Gally (1) have recently shown that an individual's Bence Jones proteins are chemically and physically similar to the low molecular weight polypeptides (L chains) obtained by reductive cleavage of his myeloma proteins.Indeed, Putnam (2) has shown that peptide maps of the tryptic digests of oxidized Bence Jones proteins correspond to a portion of the peptide map of similarly treated autologous serum myeloma protein.Edelman and Benacerraf (3) have postulated that the manufacture of the L polypeptide chains is asynchronous in multiple myeloma, and thus a part of the cell output appears in the urine as Bence Jones protein, whereas other chains are incorporated into the circulating myeloma globulin.It was of interest, therefore, to examine the un- common instance of Bence Jones proteinuria in a patient with Waldenstrdm's macroglobulinemia and particularly to compare the L chains of the serum macroglobulins and y2-globulins with the urinary Bence Jones protein.Evidence is presented to show that the Bence Jones protein is chemically and antigenically simi- lar to the L chain derived from the patient's mac- roglobulin and antigenically deficient when com- pared to the L chain of the autologous 7 S y2-globulin.Materials and Methods Clinical informationt.The patient in the present study, a 74-year-old Caucasian male, was admitted to the Ear, Nose, and Throat Service of the University of California
Necrotizing Angiitis in a Methamphetamine User with Hepatitis B — Angiographic Diagnosis, Five-Month Follow-up Results and Localization of Bleeding Site
Authors: Raymond S. Koff, Warren C. Widrich, Alan H. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE vascular changes of necrotizing angiitis have been demonstrated angiographically in a number of drug users, and the disorder has been putatively linked to methamphetamine sensitivity.1 , 2 Acute polyarteritis has also been reported, in the absence of drug use, in some patients with hepatitis B or circulating hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag).3 4 5 6 In the following case angiographically and histologically confirmed necrotizing angiitis co-existed in a methamphetamine user with hepatitis B who was restudied angiographically five months later and in whom catastrophic hemorrhage from a renal-artery aneurysm was demonstrated by selective arteriography.Case ReportA 24-year-old methamphetamine and heroin user was admitted . . .
Sedation in fibreoptic bronchoscopy
Authors: M. B Allen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—I wish to reply to the letters1 on the paper on sedation during fibreoptic bronchoscopy of which I was an author.2 S P Hanley is correct in stating that nasal anaesthesia with lignocaine is unpleasant: patients often comment that this is the worst part of the procedure. Although some studies have been published in which nasal lignocaine has been given before sedation,3 it was our routine practice to give sedation …
Sequence of Authors' Names in Scientific Articles
Authors: Frank Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The sequence in which the names of the authors appear beneath the title of a scientific article transmits information, if the sequence is understood by both the author and the reader. <i>The first-named author</i>(or the single author) is accepted as the senior principal worker, the one who has actually done more than half the work. The exception: the man contributing the significant new idea might justifiably put himself ahead of his colleague, who may actually have done most of the labor of research or preparation. A convention is already established to call the first-named the<i>senior</i>author, even though he may be junior in title or age. <i>The name (or names) in the middle</i>are, of course, subordinate to the first. The middle position may also indicate that that author has less importance in the work than the<i>last-named</i>. Some of the middle names may be put there as
253 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRANSIENT ELASTOMETRY AND HEPATIC VEIN TRANSIT TIME OF A ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENT IN FIBROSING LIVER DISEASE
Authors: D. Marion, F. Bailly, M. Maynard, J.Y. Scoazec, P. Miailhes, P. Pradat, V. Lapras, C. Trepo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Diagnosis and cure of recurrent urinary infection with microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria.
Authors: W Brumfitt, R A Gargan, J M Hamilton-Miller
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Hyponatraemia in congestive heart failure during treatment with captoprilThe oral converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril shows promise in the treatment of cardiac failure.We used the drug in five patients with congestive heart failure that had proved unresponsive to conventional treatment and observed a clear-cut fall in plasma sodium concentration. Methods and resultsWe studied five men aged 54-72 years with congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV) secondary to coronary artery disease.All had previously received conventional medications, including vasodilators, without success.Throughout the seven-day study they received a constant dietary intake of sodium (33-48 mmol(mEq)/day) and potassium (73-100 mmol(mEq)/day; body posture was restricted to the supine and sitting positions in bed; and their regular doses of digoxin (62-5-250 ,ug/day) and frusemide (80-500 mg/day) were continued.All other drugs were stopped at least five days before the study.After a two-day run-in period captopril was administered by mouth in an eight-hourly incremental regimen (6-25-150 mg/dose), and blood was drawn one hour after each dose increase for measurement of plasma electrolyte and hormone concentrations.138 T T Plasma TJ sodium 134-(mmol/l) T T 130-TI 150 - l100 VT Plasma Kdj Plsm angotensin 11 |0 adsterne 25--0 80 1 Body weight T T T T r T T (kg) 60 Vi Captopri dosed (mg/day) [3i.i5! 25 .400`.450450O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Days Mean ( SEM) plasma concentrations of sodium, angiotensin II, and aldosterone and body weight in five patients before and during treatment with captopril for cardiac failure.Conversion: SI to traditional units-Sodium: 1 mmol/l=1 mEq/l.Angiotensin II: 1 pmol/l 1 pg/ml.Aldosterone:1 pmol/l 36 pg/100 ml.
A framework for mandatory impact evaluation to ensure well informed public policy decisions
Authors: Andrew D Oxman, Arild Bjørndal, Francisco Becerra-Posada, Mark Gibson, Miguel Angel Gonzalez Block, Andy Haines, Maimunah Hamid, Carmen Hooker Odom, Haichao Lei, Ben Levin, Mark W Lipsey, Julia H Littell, Hassan Mshinda, Pierre Ongolo-Zogo, Tikki Pang, Nelson Sewankambo, Francisco Songane, Haluk Soydan, Carole Torgerson, David Weisburd, Judith Whitworth, Suwit Wibulpolprasert
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
IMRS-HF: A CLINICAL DECISION TOOL FOR PREDICTING 30-DAY HOSPITAL READMISSION AMONG HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Benjamin Davies Horne, Jason Lappe, Abdallah Kfoury, Deborah Budge, Rami Alharethi, Jeffrey Anderson, Kimberly Brunisholz, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Heidi May, Tami Bair, Donald Lappe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Hans W. Künsebeck, Jürgen Körber, Hellmuth Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

The term 'quality of life' is defined as the result of objective circumstances of life and subjective perceptions of patients. Health-related quality of life is a dynamic concept which changes during an adaptational process interacting with illness condition during the course of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In a review on the research in this field, it is shown that quality-of-life assessment may be an important adjunct to the evaluation and treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The comparative evaluation of quality of life in patients treated medically and surgically may offer important information for decision making.
A Comparison of the Bronchodilating Effects of a Beta-2 Adrenergic Agent (Albuterol) and an Anticholinergic Agent (Ipratropium Bromide), Given by Aerosol Alone or in Sequence
Authors: Paul A. Easton, Carlos Jadue, Saresh Dhingra, Nicholas R. Anthonisen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We evaluated the effect of anticholinergic and beta-adrenergic inhaled bronchodilators, alone or in sequence, in 11 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We compared the agents albuterol and ipratropium bromide when each was used as a single aerosol in the maximal dose. After giving a maximal dose of one agent, we compared the effect of adding the other with that of adding a placebo. When used alone, both bronchodilators significantly increased airflow and relieved hyperinflation, and there was no significant difference between the two. After the improvement with the initial bronchodilator, the subsequent effect of a second inhaled bronchodilator was not greater than that of placebo. These results suggest that in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, these two aerosols are usually equipotent in maximal doses and the addition of a second agent is of no practical value. The data support the prescription of a single inhaled agent in most cases but do not rule out the value of combinations of agents under special circumstances.
Role of neural influences in the release of gastrin, glucagon, and secretin during hypoglycaemia in man.
Authors: J C McLoughlin, J R Hayes, K D Buchanan, J G Kelly
Journal: Gut (1978)

Both vagal and sympathetic innervation been have described as influencing hormone release from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The role of neural influences on the release of gastrin, glucagon, and secretin has been studied using the potent autonomic nerve stimulus of hypoglycaemia. Healthy subjects were each rendered hypoglycaemic by insulin 0.2 units/kg on three occasions: after atropine 20 microgram/kg: after propranolol 160 mg orally, and without prior drug administration. Adequate beta-blockade was confirmed by observation of the pusle rate response to a standard exercise at the end of the experiment, and by measurements of plasma propranolol levels. Hypoglycaemia failed to produce a rise in plasma gastrin under either propranolol or control conditions but a significant rise was noted with prior atropinisation. The glucagon response to hypoglycaemia, when measured with either the C- or N-terminal reactive antibodies, was found not to be influenced to any significant extent by either beta-blockade or atropinisation. No alteration in plasma secretin levels was noted during hypoglycaemia. It therefore appears that neural influences are relatively unimportant in the release of gastrin, glucagon, and secretin in man.