tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Levels of Hypoxia-sensitive Proteins in Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Ignacio Fajardo, Linda Svensson, Anders Bucht, Gunnar Pejler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

In this study we investigated the alterations in protein levels that are induced by allergic eosinophilic lung inflammation. Lung tissue eosinophilia and sequestration of inflammatory cells in airspaces were provoked by systemic sensitization with ovalbumin followed by repeated inhalation challenge with aerosolized ovalbumin. Proteome alterations in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, respectively, were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by identification of proteins by mass spectrometry. Several proteins were markedly increased in inflamed tissue. In particular, several proteins that are known to be associated with hypoxia were elevated, for example, glycolytic enzymes, glucose-regulated protein 78 kD, prolyl-4-hydroxylase, peroxiredoxin 1, and arginase. Out of the identified proteins, Ym2 displayed the clearest increase, present at high levels in animals with lung eosinophilia, while being undetectable in control subjects. Furthermore, the levels of cathepsin S were markedly increased in inflamed tissue. Taken together, this study identifies a number of marker proteins associated with the pathogenesis of allergic lung inflammation and indicates a link between allergic airway inflammation and induction of hypoxia-related gene products.
Developments in Health Care in Nicaragua
Authors: David C. Halperin, Richard Garfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The 4 year war that resulted in the overthrow of Nicaragua's Somoza dictatorship cost 50,000 lives. In 1972 an earthquake killed 20,000 with 10,000 injured. Under Somoza health conditions had been worse than in neighboring countries with 35% of the urban and 95% of the rural population lacking access to potable water and only about 10% of the population receiving adequate medical care. 1/3 of the people contracted malaria at least once in their lives and 46-83% of the children were malnourished. Life expectancy at the time of the revolution was 52.9 years, infant mortality was between 120-140/1000. Since July 1979, however, about 70% of the people have regular medical care and health care education campaigns are widespread. Public health programs have administered vaccinations to thousands of children and literacy programs have incorporated elementary health principles into their curricula. However, despite these efforts malaria continued to rise from 4.4 people/1000 in 1978 to 9.4/1000 in 1980. After an antimalarial drug campaign in 1981, a 98% decline was noted in new cases of malaria. Poliomyelitis and tuberculosis prevention campaigns are likewise effective and oral rehydration centers have been set up to combat infant diarrhea. Having recently experienced a baby boom, a campaign to disseminate family planning information is being planned. Technical and professional health training has been expanded as well with a second medical school opening in Managua in 1981 along with growth in the amount of nursing school students. International aid has been crucial in health care with more than 24 countries sending medical supplies and personnel. Lack of equipment and facilities is holding back medical advances and there is a dilemma concerning physicians' time spent at public versus their private practices. Drugs remain the largest health import for the country even though their pharmaceutical manufacturers have increased production. 5 new hospitals are being built with the government's health expenditures rising from 6 to 17% of the national budget. In just 3 years more has been done in most areas of social welfare than in the 50 years of Somoza dictatorship and these efforts indicate a profound change in Nicaraguan society.
Refractory Whipple’s Disease with Anaemia: First Lessons from Capsule Endoscopy
Authors: A. Fritscher-Ravens, C. P. Swain, A. von Herbay
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Whipple’s disease is a chronic multisystem disorder caused by infection with the rod-shaped bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii. We report the case of a 65-year-old woman with intestinal Whipple’s disease that had been refractory to monotherapy with a number of antibiotics over a 2-year period. The patient then presented with watery diarrhoea, cachexia (body mass index 18 kg/m2) and chronic anaemia (haemoglobin 7.6 g/dl). Wireless capsule endoscopy showed that the disease affected the entire small intestine. Focal occult areas of bleeding were observed in different parts of the jejunum. The capsule’s transit time through the small intestine was 2 hours 43 minutes. Capsule endoscopy allows novel insights into the pathophysiology of Whipple’s disease.
Talc Pneumoconiosis in the Textile Industry
Authors: B. Mann, J. B. Deasy
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A CHILD BEDICA JORNAL inoculation.(d) Cross-immunity in monkeys was observed be- tween the egg-passed material from the lesions of the child and the routine calf-lymph.On Calves.-Theground-up scab material and the egg-passed material did not take on calves.
NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations can be added to the hierarchical prognostic classification in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: L Mansouri, N Cahill, R Gunnarsson, K E Smedby, E Tjönnfjord, H Hjalgrim, G Juliusson, C Geisler, R Rosenquist
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Comparison of selectivity of LDL removal by double filtration and dextran-sulfate cellulose column plasmapheresis, and changes of subfractionated plasma lipoproteins after plasmapheresis in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Yasuhiko Homma, Yoshikazu Mikami, Hiromitsu Tamachi, Noriaki Nakaya, Haruo Nakamura, Yuichiro Goto
Journal: Metabolism (1987)
Science and the Challenge of the Time — Nurses, the National Health Service and Inflation —Kidney-Transplant Dilemma
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

WHEN the British Association for the Advancement of Science held its annual meeting at Stirling University in September, Sir John Kendrew delivered his presidential address on "Science and the Challenge of the Time." As a molecular biologist and deputy chairman of the Medical Research Council's Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Sir John voiced his concern about the potential hazards of genetic engineering and supported the proposals made by the United States National Academy of Sciences for a moratorium on certain kinds of experiments in molecular genetics.He referred, in particular, to the dangers of gene transfer resulting from the isolation of . . .
Myocardial expression of FOXO3a–Atrogin‐1 pathway in human heart failure
Authors: Gennaro Galasso, Roberta De Rosa, Federico Piscione, Guido Iaccarino, Carlo Vosa, Daniela Sorriento, Raffaele Piccolo, Antonio Rapacciuolo, Kenneth Walsh, Massimo Chiariello
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Methysergide for Prevention of Headache
Authors: John R. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IN 1959 Sicuteri1 first reported the effectiveness of methysergide‡ in the prevention of migraine. Since then several investigators have confirmed his findings,2 3 4 5 the drug has been extensively studied, and has appeared on the American market under the name of Sansert.‡ The mechanism whereby methysergide prevents headache is not yet fully determined. There are a number of current theories. One is that the drug is a powerful serotonin antagonist and may act by neutralizing the effects of serotonin either in the blood vessels and tissues or in the central nervous system.1 , 6 , 7 Secondly, it is capable of antagonizing the inflammatory effects of . . .
WHOLE-BODY PET WITH FDG FOR DETECTION OF BOTH PRIMARY AND METASTATIC MALIGNANCIES: AN UPDATE OF THE CLINICAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: C K Hoh, R A Hawkins, J A Glaspy, H S Lee, M Dahlbom, N Y Tse, E J Hoffman, C Schiepers, Y Choi, S Rege, E Nitzche, J Maddahi, M E Phelps
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Hoh, C. K.; Hawkins, R. A.; Glaspy, J. A.; Lee, H. S.; Dahlbom, M.; Tse, N. Y.; Hoffman, E. J.; Schiepers, C.; Choi, Y.; Rege, S.; Nitzche, E.; Maddahi, J.; Phelps, M. E.Author Information
Myeloablation is not required to select and maintain expression of the drug-resistance gene, mutant MGMT, in primary and secondary recipients
Authors: Janice E Bowman, Jane S Reese, Karen T Lingas, Stanton L Gerson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Gene transduction of hematopoietic progenitors capable of reconstituting both primary and secondary recipients is an important milestone in preclinical development of gene therapy. Myeloablation conditioning prior to infusion of transduced stem cells causes significant host morbidity. In contrast, drug-resistance gene transfer utilizes judicious in vivo selection of transduced stem cells over time, reaching only the level of transduction and expression required. The O(6)-benzylguanine (BG)-resistant mutant O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene is a potent selection gene for transduced cells. Using two different mutant MGMTs, G156A and P140K, that vary in BG resistance by a factor of 1:20, we asked whether long-term repopulating and secondary mouse-repopulating cells could be transduced, transplanted, and selected for in the nonmyeloablated recipient and whether the mutant MGMT would continue to be expressed in secondary recipient repopulating cells. We found that under stringent drug-selection competition, cells expressing the more BG-resistant variant, P140K-MGMT, were enriched over G156A-MGMT-expressing progenitors. In addition, the MFG retroviral vector transmitted the mutant MGMT gene to long-term repopulating cells that, after selective enrichment in the nonmyeloablated primary recipient, repopulated secondary mice and continued to express the transgene. Thus, MFG mutant MGMT vectors transduce repopulating hematopoietic stem cells that may be used both for chemotherapeutic drug resistance and to enrich for second therapeutic genes.
Acute lung injury in rat caused by immunoglobulin A immune complexes.
Authors: K J Johnson, B S Wilson, G O Till, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Mouse IgG and IgA, with reactivity to dinitrophenol conjugated to carrier protein, have been isolated from myeloma proteins by means of a variety of affinity techniques. The IgA was predominantly in the dimeric form. The in vitro and in vivo biological activities of IgA-containing immune complexes were assessed in the rat. IgA-containing immune complexes were demonstrated, in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, to activate neutrophils and to generate O.-2. In addition, these immune complexes showed evidence of complement activation in vitro, by the use of immunofixation techniques. When IgA was instilled into the airways of rats and antigen was injected intravenously, acute lung injury occurred, as reflected by increases in lung permeability and morphological changes consisting of blebbing of endothelial cells, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, and fibrin deposition. The lung changes were directly proportional to the amount of IgA instilled into the airways and failed to occur if intravenous injection of antigen was omitted. Lung injury did not occur in animals that received an intravenous injection of antigen in the absence of an airway injection of IgA. Lung injury related to IgA-containing immune complexes was complement dependent but neutrophil independent. In companion studies with mouse IgG-containing immune complexes, acute lung injury also occurred and had morphological features similar to those associated with IgA-induced lung injury except that, in the case of IgG immune complex-induced damage, neutrophils were more evident. Acute lung injury induced by IgG-containing immune complexes, whether of mouse or rabbit origin, was complement and neutrophil dependent. The similarities and differences between IgG- and IgA-associated acute immune complex-induced injury of rat lung were reinforced by the use of morphometry techniques. Studies with another monoclonal IgA antibody-containing antigen-binding activity to phosphorylcholine also demonstrated the ability of IgA antibody to cause acute lung injury in the rat. Neither antibody alone nor antigen (phosphorylcholine linked to bovine serum albumin) alone produced evidence of lung injury. These studies indicate for the first time that immune complexes containing IgA have lung-damaging properties and that the pathogenic mechanisms are different from those associated with IgG-associated immune complex-induced acute lung injury.
Abnormal responses to morphine-neostigmine in patients with undefined biliary type pain.
Authors: I C Roberts-Thomson, J Toouli
Journal: Gut (1985)

The occurrence of pain and changes in serum concentrations of liver enzymes and amylase were investigated after challenge with intramuscular morphine (0.12 mg/kg) and neostigmine (0.012 mg/kg) in 25 control subjects and 80 patients with undefined biliary type pain, both with and without prior cholecystectomy. Peak enzyme concentrations were reached at four hours after the injection of morphine-neostigmine. When compared with controls, patients who had pain after cholecystectomy and a dilated bile duct and/or spontaneous changes in liver enzymes, had a higher frequency of drug induced pain and a higher frequency of rise (greater than 2 X N) in serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and amylase; postcholecystectomy patients with pain but without bile duct dilatation, and patients with pain without prior cholecystectomy, had a higher frequency of drug induced pain but did not have a higher frequency of enzyme rise. Increases in liver enzymes after morphine-neostigmine were abolished by endoscopic sphincterotomy. Thirty three patients with a dilated bile duct and/or spontaneous changes in liver enzymes were also studied by endoscopic manometry of the sphincter of Oddi: similar frequencies of enzyme changes were observed in patients with normal manometry as in those with various manometric disorders. Increases in serum concentrations of liver enzymes after morphine-neostigmine may be explained by high biliary pressures resulting from an exaggerated motor response in the sphincter of Oddi.
TREATMENT FOR SPLIT FINGER-NAILS
Authors: William Wesley Carter
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In the pursuit of our scientific work and in our efforts to plan and execute surgical measures which sometimes prove to be of major proportions and attract considerable attention, especially from a dramatic point of view, we are apt to overlook or place too little importance on commonplace ailments, the sum total of which, however, contribute quite a large proportion of the ills to which human flesh is heir. I have been a member of the American Medical Association for many years and have read fairly diligently and absorbed as much as I could of the valuable information contained inThe Journal, yet I do not recall ever having seen in its contents any reference to split finger-nails. I acknowledge willingly that this great medical publication is not especially devoted to such humble subjects, but at the same time I make bold to assert that it is
Host Cell Autophagy Activated by Antibiotics Is Required for Their Effective Antimycobacterial Drug Action
Authors: Jwa-Jin Kim, Hye-Mi Lee, Dong-Min Shin, Wonho Kim, Jae-Min Yuk, Hyo Sun Jin, Sang-Hee Lee, Guang-Ho Cha, Jin-Man Kim, Zee-Won Lee, Sung Jae Shin, Heekyung Yoo, Young Kil Park, Jin Bong Park, JongKyeong Chung, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Eun-Kyeong Jo
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
TCT-612 Clinical outcomes in patients with calcified lesions, treated with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds
Authors: Vasileios F. Panoulas, Tadashi Miyazaki, Katsumasa Sato, Toru Naganuma, Alessandro Sticchi, Hiroyoshi Kawamoto, Azeem Latib, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The People's Book of Medical Tests
Authors: Carl E. Speicher
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We are entering a period of greater involvement by individuals in their own health care. People want to know more about medicine, so that they can make intelligent choices among the many options that are available to them. Here is a book to help individuals learn more about medical tests— blood and urine tests, tests for infection, tests for heart disease, tests for women, tests for men, x-rays, nuclear scans, ultrasound, scoping procedures, biopsies and taps, miscellaneous tests, and home tests.<i>The People's Book of Medical Tests</i>covers several hundred different tests. A nice feature of this book is information on the cost of each test, which is given as a range. The table on the composition of urinary reagent strip tests and their relative costs is one of the best I have seen. The discussion of home or self tests is particularly good. Most physicians, as well as laypersons,
Sarcoidosis: a disorder commoner in non-smokers?
Authors: J G Douglas, W G Middleton, J Gaddie, G R Petrie, Y F Choo-Kang, R J Prescott, G K Crompton
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The smoking habits of 202 patients presenting with sarcoidosis, as recorded in the clinical case records, were compared with figures from the General Household Surveys (GHS) to determine whether there was any association between smoking habit and sarcoidosis. In 19 there was no record of smoking habit. Of the remaining 183 patients, 40 (21.9%) were smokers, which was significantly less than expected from the GHS figures (p less than 0.001). This association between non-smoking and sarcoidosis persisted despite further analysis by sex and age distribution and socioeconomic grouping. Statistical likelihood models showed that ex-smokers were similar to current smokers with respect to the association between smoking and sarcoidosis. This association was greatest in those patients with stage I sarcoidosis and less for those with other stages of the disease.
PATHOLOGIC RENAL CHANGES
Authors: Ernest B. Zeisler
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the excellent and clear article concerning pathologic renal changes by Dr. J. P. Simonds inThe Journal. September 12, are two points concerning which I would appreciate further enlightenment: Dr. Simonds states that because of water loss from the blood in its passage through the glomeruli the osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins in the peritubular capillaries is higher than elsewhere and that the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in these capillaries is lower than the osmotic pressure; he then states that "water and solutes withdrawn by tubular reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate into the surrounding tissue spaces are quickly drawn into the peritubular capillaries by the increased osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins of the blood in these vessels." Admitting the first statement, I believe it requires some explanation for the second statement that solutes as well as water are drawn into capillaries because
Authors' reply to Fiala
Authors: E. A. Joura, H. L. Sings, R. M. Haupt
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The findings in table 3 are not unexpected.1 2 As Brown and colleagues reported,3 and we stated in our paper,2 the FUTURE I and II clinical trials showed that vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse associated with 10 non-vaccine human papillomavirus (HPV) types by 32.5% (95% CI 6.0% to 51.9%). The analyses in table …
High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation versus Conventional Mechanical Ventilation for Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Sherry E. Courtney, David J. Durand, Jeanette M. Asselin, Mark L. Hudak, Judy L. Aschner, Craig T. Shoemaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The efficacy and safety of early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation as compared with conventional synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation for the treatment of infants with very low birth weight have not been established.We conducted a randomized, multicenter clinical trial to determine whether infants treated with early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation were more likely than infants treated with synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation to be alive without requiring supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age. Eligible infants weighed 601 to 1200 g at birth, were less than four hours of age, had received one dose of surfactant, and required ventilation with a mean airway pressure of at least 6 cm of water and a fraction of inspired oxygen of at least 0.25. Infants were stratified according to birth weight and exposure to prenatal corticosteroids and then randomly assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation or synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation. Ventilation was managed according to protocols designed to optimize lung inflation and blood gas values.Five hundred infants were enrolled in the study. Infants randomly assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation were successfully extubated earlier than infants assigned to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (P<0.001). Of infants assigned to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, 56 percent were alive without a need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age, as compared with 47 percent of those receiving synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (P=0.046). There was no difference between the groups in the risk of intracranial hemorrhage, cystic periventricular leukomalacia, or other complications.There was a small but significant benefit of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in terms of the pulmonary outcome for very-low-birth-weight infants without an increase in the occurrence of other complications of premature birth.
Defining Obesity Cut Points in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: Fahad Razak, Sonia S. Anand, Harry Shannon, Vladimir Vuksan, Bonnie Davis, Ruby Jacobs, Koon K. Teo, Matthew McQueen, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Body mass index (BMI) is widely used to assess risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Cut points for the classification of obesity (BMI &gt;30 kg/m 2 ) have been developed and validated among people of European descent. It is unknown whether these cut points are appropriate for non-European populations. We assessed the metabolic risk associated with BMI among South Asians, Chinese, Aboriginals, and Europeans. Methods and Results— We randomly sampled 1078 subjects from 4 ethnic groups (289 South Asians, 281 Chinese, 207 Aboriginals, and 301 Europeans) from 4 regions in Canada. Principal components factor analysis was used to derive underlying latent or “hidden” factors associated with 14 clinical and biochemical cardiometabolic markers. Ethnic-specific BMI cut points were derived for 3 cardiometabolic factors. Three primary latent factors emerged that accounted for 56% of the variation in markers of glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure. For a given BMI, elevated levels of glucose- and lipid-related factors were more likely to be present in South Asians, Chinese, and Aboriginals compared with Europeans, and elevated levels of the blood pressure–related factor were more likely to be present among Chinese compared with Europeans. The cut point to define obesity, as defined by distribution of glucose and lipid factors, is lower by ≈6 kg/m 2 among non-European groups compared with Europeans. Conclusions— Revisions may be warranted for BMI cut points to define obesity among South Asians, Chinese, and Aboriginals. Using these revised cut points would greatly increase the estimated burden of obesity-related metabolic disorders among non-European populations.