tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction in the presence of coronary stenosis in the dog.
Authors: C W Buffington, E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Previous studies have demonstrated competition between sympathetic alpha receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstriction and local metabolic vasodilation during sympathetic activation. The present study tested if this competition also occurs in the presence of coronary stenosis. In closed-chest dogs, the left coronary artery was cannulated, and blood flow from the aorta was restricted by a moderate stenosis (70% area reduction). Intracoronary norepinephrine infusion produced coronary vascular alpha receptor and myocardial beta receptor activation. Norepinephrine infusion was repeated following alpha receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine (0.25 mg/kg, injected into the coronary artery). Myocardial oxygen and lactate extraction, coronary sinus blood oxygen tension, and coronary resistance were compared at equal levels of myocardial oxygen consumption before and after coronary alpha receptor blockade. In the presence of coronary stenosis, intracoronary norepinephrine infusion decreased coronary sinus oxygen content and increased myocardial oxygen extraction. At comparable myocardial oxygen consumptions coronary vascular resistance was greater with alpha receptors intact than after alpha receptor blockade. The increase in myocardial oxygen extraction was prevented by alpha receptor blockade. We conclude that a sympathetic alpha receptor-mediated coronary vasoconstrictor influence operates, even in the presence of coronary stenosis, to limit oxygen delivery to the heart and increase myocardial oxygen extraction up to the point of cardiac failure, but that this vasoconstrictor effect does not result in net myocardial lactate production.
Induction of hyperplasia and increased DNA content in the uterus of immature rats exposed to coumestrol.
Authors: J Ashby, H Tinwell, A Soames, J Foster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Administration of the phytoestrogen coumestrol to ovariectomized rats leads to increases in both wet and dry uterine weights in the absence of an increase in uterine DNA content, as reported by Markaverich et al. [Effects of Coumestrol on Estrogen Receptor Function and Uterine Growth in Ovariectomized Rats. Environ Health Perspect 103:574-581 (1995)]. It was not possible to know if the observed atypical uterotrophic response of coumestrol was associated uniquely with the ovariectomized uterotrophic assay protocol. This question is answered in the present paper. Two experiments are described in which three daily oral gavage administrations of 60 mg/kg/day coumestrol to immature AP rats were followed by assessment of the reproductive tract on the fourth day. In both experiments coumestrol increased uterine fluid content and increased the weights of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. In addition, bromodeoxyuridine staining of uterine sections enabled confirmation of uterine hyperplasia for the coumestrol-treated animals. In the second experiment, total uterine DNA was determined; it doubled in the coumestrol-treated animals. Estradiol benzoate acted as the positive control agent for both of these experiments, and in each case it gave similar responses to those seen for coumestrol. We conclude that the uterotrophic activity of the phytoestrogen coumestrol in the immature intact rat is typical of the activity of the natural estrogen estradiol.
Differentiating cardiomyopathy of coronary artery disease from nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy utilizing positron emission tomography
Authors: Freny Vaghaiwalla Mody, Richard C. Brunken, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Christoph A. Nienaber, Michael E. Phelps, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Acute Suprarenal Insufficiency in Pregnancy
Authors: I. MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MUSCLEM JcXNAL comparatively common, particularly in relation to emotional stress, that they are distinguishable electromyographically from those associated with muscular degeneration, and that patients displaying them can also be differentiated clinically from patients with progressive muscular atrophy at a reasonably early stage.Attention is drawn to the liability of medically trained people to suffer considerable avoidable anxiety in the absence of such distinction being clearly made.
The Adrenal Receptor for Angiotensin II is Altered in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Gordon H. Williams, Norman K. Hollenberg, Thomas J. Moore, Stephen L. Swartz, Robert G. Dluhy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

To determine the mechanism underlying altered adrenal responsiveness in patients with essential hypertension, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis was assessed in normotensive and hypertensive subjects using three pharmacological probes: SQ 20881, a converting enzyme inhibitor; saralasin, a competitive angiotensin antagonist with prominent agonist properties; and angiotensin itself. All subjects were studied while supine and in balance on a 10 meq Na/100 meq K intake. The decrement in plasma aldosterone with SQ 20881 in 26 hypertensive subjects (15±3 ng/dl) was normal (13±4 ng/dl), suggesting that the altered adrenal responsiveness in hypertensives is not because of a change in a postreceptor event or in the relative contribution of angiotensin to the control of aldosterone secretion.
ACUTE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA FROM THE SULFONAMIDES
Authors: Charles L. Fox, Reuben Ottenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1941)

Within the past year we have seen 9 cases of acute hemolytic anemia in the course of sulfanilamide or sulfapyridine therapy, with 6 deaths. In the hope of explaining the mechanism of this hemolysis, the laboratory studies which form the basis of this report were conducted in 4 cases. The hemoglobin derivatives in serum, erythrocytes and urine were examined by the recording photoelectric spectrophotometer. The high degree of accuracy obtainable with this objective method permitted comparison of the hemoglobin derivatives in the serum derived from destroyed red cells with those in the cells that remained intact. The new blood pigment, methemalbumin, recently described by Fairley (1), was detected in the plasma. The findings are reported and interpreted in relation to the mechanisms of hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and hemolytic shock.
Serum Uric Acid as a Harbinger of Metabolic Outcome in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Leo Niskanen, David E. Laaksonen, Jaana Lindström, Johan G. Eriksson, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Pirjo Ilanne-Parikka, Sirkka Aunola, Helena Hämäläinen, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Matti Uusitupa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Serum uric acid is the major product of purine metabolism (1). In cross-sectional studies, uric acid correlates with components of the metabolic syndrome: hypertension, obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance (2–4). Although determination of uric acid is widely available and inexpensive, it has been overlooked as a marker of disturbed glucose metabolism. We studied its role in predicting changes in glucose tolerance and insulin levels and in the development of type 2 diabetes in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study.

The design of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study has been previously described in detail (5). Briefly, 40- to 65-year-old overweight or obese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance were eligible. Impaired glucose tolerance was defined as a 2-h plasma glucose at 7.8–11.0 mmol/l after oral glucose (75 g) with a fasting glucose <7.8 mmol/l (6). The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the National Public Health Institute (Helsinki, Finland). All participants gave written informed consent.

In all, 522 individuals from five study centers were randomly assigned to the intervention ( n = 265) or control ( n = 257) groups. Serum uric acid concentrations were measured at baseline and at least once during the follow-up in 475 of the 522 participants, and these 475 are included in the present study. The original trial ended after an average follow-up of 3.2 years. In this study, follow-up …
Urethral Cytology in the Diagnosis of Secondary Amenorrhea
Authors: Hector Castellanos, Patricia J. O'Morchoe, Clement Yahia, Somers H. Sturgis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Two independent observers confirmed a high degree of reproducibility in reading urinary smears as a diagnostic assay in secondary amenorrhea. The per cent of cornified and non-nucleated cells and the progesterone effect all showed characteristic variations in menopause and typical anovulatory cycles. Two different pictures were seen in the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. On corticoid suppression, reversal of the cytological picture suggested presence of an adrenal factor. In pituitary deficiency the smear has been atrophic; when human follicle-stimulating hormone was used, it reflected ovarian stimulation with resulting ovulation. The voided urine specimen is recommended as the simplest of endocrine tests. With attention to only three major characteristics, it provides valuable information in differential diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea.
Vegetarians have lower risk of colorectal cancers, study finds
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Vegetarian diets are associated with an overall lower incidence of colorectal cancers, a large prospective cohort trial of Seventh Day Adventist men and women has found.1

The US study, published online by JAMA Internal Medicine , included 77 659 men and women who were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and categorised into four vegetarian groups (vegan, lacto-ovo vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, and semi-vegetarian) or a non-vegetarian …
SIMPLE TOURNIQUET FOR THE KIDNEY PEDICLE
Authors: Gideon Timberlake
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor: —</h3> Competition among the professional gadgeteers seems to continue heatedly. Anticipating all manner of distress and apprehension from hemorrhage, when one has to perform some evacuating or plastic operation on a kidney, he is beset with the thought "Can I control bleeding, after incision into the kidney, by the simple measure of a finger scissor hold about the blood vessels, or shall I apply a cushioned clamp or string a catheter about that pedicle and fix the pressure and its retention by a pair of forceps?" He may have to employ all of them. I offer this suggestion: Use the simple commercial block, double groove and catheter tourniquet, which can be boiled. After the kidney has been disembedded and the pedicle made free, pass the loop of rubber tubing about it, either under vision or by faith, draw an end of the tubing to such a point
Fractionated 5-aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy vs. surgical excision in the treatment of nodular basal cell carcinoma: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: K. Mosterd, M.R.T.M. Thissen, P. Nelemans, N.W.J. Kelleners-Smeets, R.L.L.T. Janssen, K.G.M.E. Broekhof, H.A.M. Neumann, P.M. Steijlen, D.I.M. Kuijpers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Background Skin cancer incidence rates have been increasing for decades and this increase is expected to continue. Surgical excision (SE) is the treatment of first choice for nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proven to be an effective treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma. Its long-term efficacy in nBCC has not yet been established. Objectives Prospectively compare the efficacy of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)–PDT and SE in terms of failure rates with long-term follow-up. Determinants of failure in the study population, such as the effect of tumour depth, were analysed retrospectively. Methods A randomized controlled trial in 173 primary nBCCs in 149 patients. Primary nBCCs were randomly assigned either to PDT (n = 85) or to SE (n = 88). Tumours treated with PDT were illuminated twice on the same day, 4 h after application of ALA cream, 3 weeks after debulking. SE was performed under local anaesthesia with a 3-mm margin, followed by histological examination. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results In total, 171 primary nBCCs in 149 patients were treated. A 3-year interim analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence of failure was 2·3% for SE and 30·3% for PDT (P < 0·001). Tumour depth and other analysed determinants of failure were not significantly related to treatment failure. Conclusions SE proved to be significantly more effective than treatment with fractionated illumination ALA–PDT. Therefore, in the treatment of primary nBCC, SE is preferred over PDT following this treatment regimen.
The successful treatment of symptomatic, refractory hepatic hydrothorax with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
Authors: F D Gordon, H T Anastopoulos, W Crenshaw, B Gilchrist, N McEniff, K R Falchuk, J LoCicero, W D Lewis, R L Jenkins, C Trey
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatic hydrothorax is a rare complication of portal hypertension. Conservative therapy may be successful but refractory hepatic hydrothorax is not uncommon. Management of refractory hydrothorax is usually ineffective and can result in a worsened clinical status. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) lower portal pressure and have been used in the treatment of refractory ascites. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of TIPS in the treatment of symptomatic refractory hepatic hydrothorax. A TIPS was placed in 24 consecutive cirrhotic patients with symptomatic refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Five patients (20.8%) were Child's/Pugh class B and 19 (79.2%) were class C. All had undergone multiple thoracenteses and were hypoalbuminemic. Mean follow-up was 7.2 months (range, 0.25-49 months). Fourteen (58.3%) of 24 patients had complete relief of symptoms after shunt placement and did not require further thoracentesis. Five (20.8%) additional patients required fewer thoracenteses. Five (20.8%) patients developed worsening liver function and died within 45 days. In eight (66.7%) of 12 patients with > or = 60 days of follow-up, the serum albumin increased by a mean of 1.2 g/dL (range, 0.1-2.2 g/dL). The Child's-Pugh score improved in 7 (58.3%) of these 12 patients and two patients improved from class C to class A. These two patients no longer require liver transplantation. This study shows that TIPS can be effective in the management of symptomatic, refractory hepatic hydrothorax. Clinical and laboratory improvement may be seen and liver transplantation may become unnecessary.
Teaching Brief Psychotherapy for Spouses of Cancer Patients: Use of a Codable Supervision Format
Authors: Richard J. Goldberg, Margaret Wool, Robert Tull, Myron Boor
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

While there has been increasing recognition of the psychosocial needs of cancer patients, the plight of the patient's spouse has been less well addressed. As part of an ongoing study in this area, we have developed a counseling manual which defines the parameters of a therapy intervention for cancer patients' spouses with problematic adjustment. In order to monitor the consistency of the therapy, we have also developed a codable supervision rating sheet, which is the topic of this report. All therapist communications are rated on a three-dimensional format which specifies general content area, level of intervention, and the presence of a focus specific to the therapy. This codable rating sheet is used in a group supervision process. It provides an innovative method to teach and supervise therapy, helps delineate specific elements of therapy judged to be important, and also has implications for psychotherapy research which extend beyond this specific project.
Money as epistemic structure
Authors: Sanjay Chandrasekharan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

A testable model of the origin of money is outlined. Based on the notion of epistemic structures, the account integrates the tool and drug views using a common underlying model, and addresses the two puzzles presented by Lea &amp; Webley (L&amp;W) – money's biological roots and the adaptive significance of our tendency to acquire money.
The debate of the age
Authors: J. Westall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

As this special issue makes clear, countries around the world are experiencing a rapid aging of their populations. This will lead to big changes in all aspects of life, and Britain is to have a debate—the Debate of the Age—on what it will mean to individuals, organisations, and society. The aim is to raise awareness of how society will change and propose policies for the next 50 years. The biggest public debate ever to happen outside government, it will in many ways be a debate about the future of Britain.

The debate, started by the charity Age Concern, follows the formula of a governmental conference on aging that happens every 10 years in the United States. The foundations for …
Antihepcidin antibody treatment modulates iron metabolism and is effective in a mouse model of inflammation-induced anemia
Authors: Barbra J. Sasu, Keegan S. Cooke, Tara L. Arvedson, Cherylene Plewa, Aaron R. Ellison, Jackie Sheng, Aaron Winters, Todd Juan, Hongyan Li, C. Glenn Begley, Graham Molineux
Journal: Blood (2010)
Metaphysical Games: An Imaginary Lecture on Crafting Earth's Biological Future
Authors: Joshua Lederberg
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Length of Life and Cause of Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Sidney Cobb, Florence Anderson, Walter Bauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

IT has often been said that the way to live a long life is to acquire rheumatism. The present investigation was designed to test this piece of folklore. More specifically, it is concerned with the shortened life expectancy and major causes of death in patients hospitalized because of rheumatoid arthritis.The material for this study consists of observations on 583 patients with rheumatoid arthritis1 who were hospitalized at the Massachusetts General Hospital and were subsequently followed for an average of nine and six-tenths years. It is important to note that, though patients were admitted to this study only as a . . .
Update in Geriatric Medicine: Evidence Published in 2014
Authors: Randall J. Morse, Catherine E. DuBeau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Updates5 May 2015Update in Geriatric Medicine: Evidence Published in 2014Randall J. Morse, MD and Catherine E. DuBeau, MDRandall J. Morse, MDFrom University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts. and Catherine E. DuBeau, MDFrom University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-0298 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The physician must … have two special objects in view with regard to disease, namely, to do good or to do no harm.—Hippocrates, Epidemics"First, do no harm" is especially germane in geriatric medicine. Patient-centered care of the older person requires a deliberate balance of treatment benefit versus risk in the setting of complex multiple comorbid conditions, polypharmacy, heterogeneous life expectancy, and diverse goals of care ranging from curative to comfort care. In 2014, the American Geriatrics Society published its second "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question" for the American Board of Internal Medicine's Choosing Wisely initiative (Table). ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M15-0298.Corresponding Author: Catherine E. DuBeau, MD, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 365 Plantation Street, Biotech One, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605; e-mail, catherine.[email protected]org.Current Author Addresses: Drs. Morse and DuBeau: Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 365 Plantation Street, Biotech One, Suite 100, Worcester, MA 01605.Author Contributions: Conception and design: C.E. DuBeau.Analysis and interpretation of the data: C.E. DuBeau.Drafting of the article: R.J. Morse, C.E. DuBeau.Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: R.J. Morse, C.E. DuBeau.Final approval of the article: R.J. Morse, C.E. DuBeau.Collection and assembly of data: C.E. DuBeau.This article was published online first at www.annals.org on 30 April 2015. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe cascade of benzodiazepine prescribing for hospitalized geriatric patients 5 May 2015Volume 162, Issue 9Page: W102-W105KeywordsAntipsychoticsCardiovascular diseasesDementiaElderlyGeriatricsStatinsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 5 May 2015 Issue Published: 5 May 2015 CopyrightCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gene expression of RNA for b3 integrin and CD9 in malignant melanoma and melanocytic nevi, evaluated by cDNA expression array profiling
Authors: Patricia A. Van Belle, Kapaettu Satyamoorthy, Rosalie Elenitsas, Donna Strzelecki, Paulo Tahin, Hanqin Lei, Meenhard Herlyn, David E. Elder
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)