tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary Arteriography in Long-Term Human Cardiac Transplantation Survivors
Authors: JAMES F. SILVERMAN, MARTIN J. LIPTON, ANTHONY GRAHAM, STEVE HARRIS, LEWIS WEXLER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Coronary arterial lesions in survivors of cardiac transplantation result from accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. Clinical recognition of this event is difficult but essential for long-term management and prognostication. Coronary arteriography was performed on 30 occasions in a group of 16 patients 1-4 years after cardiac transplantation. Fifteen patients had normal coronary arteries at one year. Of 10 patients studied at two years, seven showed no change but three others revealed significant coronary arterial lesions which correlated well with clinical signs of coronary artery disease. These three patients subsequently died, two due to coronary artery disease, one due to infection. Three patients have remained normal at three years and one patient is normal at four years as evidenced on yearly coronary arteriograms. A postmortem examination of the patients who died with coronary artery disease confirmed the extent of the luminal narrowing due to atheromatous plaques superimposed on intimal lesions. Coronary arteriography has proven to be a safe, reliable method for assessing the coronary circulation of long-term cardiac transplant survivors.
P58 * BRAIN TUMOUR CELLS CAN SURVIVE AND THRIVE IN THE HYPOXIC SOLID TUMOUR MICROENVIRONMENT
Authors: R. Richards, V. See
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Normal brain tissue is exposed to 5-8% oxygen whilst the average oxygen level within brain tumours is just 1% (hypoxia). Hypoxia is associated with the increased malignancy, invasiveness, and treatment resistance of brain tumours. Paradoxically, hypoxia has also been shown to induce cell cycle arrest in certain cells; however the impact of pathophysiological hypoxia on tumour cell proliferation is poorly understood. The aim of this project was to investigate the consequences of different oxygen levels on glioblastoma (GBM) cell proliferation and survival. GBM is an aggressive brain tumour with an extremely poor prognosis. METHOD: GBM cell lines were exposed to a range of oxygen tensions and their cell cycle distribution and survival was assessed using flow cytometry. Changes in the expression level of genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle were quantified by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Results indicate that GBM proliferation and survival is unaffected by long-term exposure to pathophysiological levels of oxygen (1% O2). Cell cycle arrest and/or cell death could only be detected when cells were exposed to severe hypoxia (0.1% O2). Sensitivity to severe hypoxia was associated with increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein p21. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the pro-tumorigenic effects of pathophysiological hypoxia are not balanced out by reduced cellular proliferation, strengthening the association between hypoxia and tumour malignancy. This helps to explain how a hypoxic tumour such as GBM can be incredibly fast growing and aggressive.
Ara Darzi resigns as health minister but remains government adviser
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Ara Darzi, appointed a health minister in Gordon Brown’s “government of all the talents” in 2007, announced his resignation on 15 July. His departure from the UK government leaves just one of the ministers appointed from outside politics still holding office, the city minister Paul Myners.

The resignation represents a serious blow to the government, as Lord Darzi had made some progress towards convincing doctors that their role in improving NHS care was being taken seriously. His “next steps” report, published in June 2008, emphasised quality of care as the driving force for NHS reform, something with which doctors could sympathise ( BMJ 2008;337:a642, doi:10.1136/bmj.a642).

Lord Darzi’s resignation letter implies that he was finding the burden of being a minister too onerous. “During my time as a …
The levels of liver enzymes and atypical lymphocytes are higher in youth patients with infectious mononucleosis than in preschool children
Authors: Yan Wang, Jun Li, Yuan-yuan Ren, Hong Zhao
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

Background/Aims Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is the clinical presentation of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus. Although the literature contains a massive amount of information on IM, most of this is related specifically to only children or adults separately. In order to distinguish any differences between preschool children and youth patients, we retrospectively analyzed their demographic and clinical features. Methods Records of patients hospitalized from December 2001 to September 2011 with a diagnosis of IM were retrieved from Peking University First Hospital, which is a tertiary teaching hospital in Beijing. The demographic data and clinical characteristics were collected. Results IM was diagnosed in 287 patients during this 10-year period, with incidence peaks among preschool children (≤7 years old, 130/287, 45.3%) and youth patients (>15 and <24 years old, 101/287, 35.2%). Although the complaints at admission did not differ between these two patient groups, the incidence of clinical signs (tonsillopharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and edema of the eyelids) was much higher in preschool children. The incidence of liver lesion and percentage of atypical lymphocytes were significantly higher in the youth group (P<0.001), and the average hospital stay was longer in this group. Pneumonia was the most common complication, and there was no case of mortality. Conclusions The incidence of IM peaks among preschool children and youth patients in Beijing, China. The levels of liver enzymes and atypical lymphocytes increase with age. Keywords: Epstein-Barr virus; Infectious mononucleosis; Preschool children; Youth
Folk taxonomies and folk theories: The case of Williams syndrome
Authors: Susan C. Johnson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Work with people with Williams syndrome is reviewed relative to Atran's claim that the universality of taxonomic rank in the animal and plant domains derives from a biological construal of generic species. From this work it is argued that a biological construal of animals is not necessary for the construction of the adult taxonomy of animals and therefore that the existence of an animal (or plant) taxonomy cannot be taken as evidence of a biological domain.
Characterization of the deoxycytidine kinase promoter in human lymphoblast cell lines.
Authors: E H Chen, E E Johnson, S M Vetter, B S Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) phosphorylates 2'-deoxycytidine, as well as the purine deoxyribonucleosides and a number of nucleoside analogues that are important in the chemotherapy of leukemias. The enzyme is highly expressed in the thymus relative to other tissues and may play an important role in the T cell depletion associated with adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiencies. To characterize the dCK promoter region and to determine whether it mediates higher levels of gene expression in T lymphoblasts, we have analyzed a 700-bp genomic fragment encompassing 548 bp of 5' flanking region for functional activity and for transcription factor binding using T and B lymphoblast cell lines and nuclear extracts. The regions of the promoter that were defined as important to its function include a 5' GC box, and E box, a 3' GC box, and an E2F site. The transcription factor Sp1 binds to both GC boxes, activating at the 5' site but repressing at the 3' site. MLTF/USF activates transcription through the E box, whereas E2F activates through the E2F site, but binds weakly to this site in vitro and does not appear to mediate cell cycle-specific expression of dCK in vivo. No significant differences in promoter activity or transcription factor binding were observed between Jurkat T and Raji B lymphoblasts. The promoter of the dCK gene is thus regulated by a number of ubiquitously expressed transcription factors. DCK expression in cultured lymphoblast cell lines is not solely a function of the T or B lineage derivation.
Scabies and Bullae
Authors: Peter S. Herman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article (230:878, 1974) regarding the association of scabies and bullae states that "widespread and extensive bullae may on occasion be a part of the clinical spectrum of scabies in children." Whereas it is true that large bullae are sometimes seen in association with scabies, I believe these are a<i>secondary complication</i>of<i>Sarcoptes</i>infestation rather than a primary feature, as seems implied in the article. In most cases, the bullae are most likely due to<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>superinfection causing bullous impetigo. This seems attested to in the case cited, since an antibiotic was used "because of secondary bacterial infection." Most reports of secondarily infected scabies mention only the clinical nature of such infection as erythema, crusting, pustules, and bullae, but do not specify the particular infecting organism(s). Nowhere have I found a reference mentioning specifically<i>S aureus</i>, phage type 71, as the infecting organism in
Association of Extensive Polymorphisms in the SLAM/CD2 Gene Cluster with Murine Lupus
Authors: Amy E. Wandstrat, Charles Nguyen, Nisha Limaye, Alice Y. Chan, Srividya Subramanian, Xiang-Hong Tian, Young-Sun Yim, Alexander Pertsemlidis, Harold R. Garner, Laurence Morel, Edward K. Wakeland
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model of balloon angioplasty.
Authors: M W Chang, E Barr, M M Lu, K Barton, J M Leiden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation after arterial injury is important in the pathogenesis of a number of vascular proliferative disorders, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying VSMC proliferation in response to arterial injury would have important therapeutic implications for patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. The p21 protein is a negative regulator of mammalian cell cycle progression that functions both by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) required for the initiation of S phase, and by binding to and inhibiting the DNA polymerase delta co-factor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In this report, we show that adenovirus-mediated over-expression of human p21 inhibits growth factor-stimulated VSMC proliferation in vitro by efficiently arresting VSMCs in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This p21-associated cell cycle arrest is associated both with significant inhibition of the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and with the formation of complexes between p21 and PCNA in VSMCs. In addition, we demonstrate that localized arterial infection with a p21-encoding adenovirus at the time of balloon angioplasty significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia in the rat carotid artery model of restenosis. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the important role of p21 in regulating Rb phosphorylation and cell cycle progression in VSMC, and suggest a novel cytostatic gene therapy approach for restenosis and related vascular proliferative disorders.
Human parvovirus B19, varicella zoster virus, and human herpes virus 6 in temporal artery biopsy specimens of patients with giant cell arteritis: analysis with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: R Alvarez-Lafuente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Objective: To evaluate the role of parvovirus B19 (B19), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) in the aetiopathology of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods: Temporal artery biopsy specimens from 57 patients with GCA and 56 controls were investigated. DNA was obtained by biopsy, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assay performed to establish the prevalence and viral load of B19, VZV, and HHV-6. Amplification of the human β-globin gene was used as internal positive control. Results: ( a ) B19 was detected in 31/57 (54%) patients (median viral load 45.2 (25th–75th centiles 0–180.2) copies/μg DNA) v 21/56 (38%) controls (median viral load 0 (0–66.7) copies/μg of DNA; p = 0.07 for DNA prevalence, p = 0.007 for viral load. Among 31 B19 positive samples, 21 (68%) patients with biopsy proven GCA had >102 B19 copies/μg of DNA v 5/21 (24%) controls; p = 0.001. ( b ) No significant difference was found for VZV (p = 0.94 for DNA prevalence; p = 0.76 for viral load) and HHV-6 (p = 0.89 for DNA prevalence; p = 0.64 for viral load) in the GCA group compared with controls. Conclusion: B19 may have a role in the aetiopathology of GCA, particularly in those patients with high viral load; no evidence was found for VZV and HHV-6.
Autonomic nervous system activity in daily life in patients with neurally mediated syncope; the assessment of heart rate variability from 24-hour holter monitoring
Authors: Bonpei Takase, Akira Kurita, Tomoo Nagai, Naohiro Hakamada, Syuichi Katusika, Haruo Nakamura, Kazusige Isojima, Satoshi Oota, Singo Ohtomi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
TCT-503 The Challenge of Left Internal Carotid Stenosis Stenting and Bovine Aortic Arch (BAAC):Systematic Right Radial or Brachial Approach in 60 Consecutive Patients
Authors: piero montorsi, Stefano Galli, Paolo M. Ravagnani, Daniela Trabattoni, Giovanni Ballerini, Franco Fabbiocchi, Alessandro Lualdi, Daniele Andreini, Gianluca Pontone, Antonio L. Bartorelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mutations in STAT3 and diagnostic guidelines for hyper-IgE syndrome
Authors: Cristina Woellner, E. Michael Gertz, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Macarena Lagos, Mario Perro, Erik-Oliver Glocker, Maria C. Pietrogrande, Fausto Cossu, José L. Franco, Nuria Matamoros, Barbara Pietrucha, Edyta Heropolitańska-Pliszka, Mehdi Yeganeh, Mostafa Moin, Teresa Español, Stephan Ehl, Andrew R. Gennery, Mario Abinun, Anna Bręborowicz, Tim Niehues, Sara Sebnem Kilic, Anne Junker, Stuart E. Turvey, Alessandro Plebani, Berta Sánchez, Ben-Zion Garty, Claudio Pignata, Caterina Cancrini, Jiri Litzman, Özden Sanal, Ulrich Baumann, Rosa Bacchetta, Amy P. Hsu, Joie N. Davis, Lennart Hammarström, E. Graham Davies, Efrem Eren, Peter D. Arkwright, Jukka S. Moilanen, Dorothee Viemann, Sujoy Khan, László Maródi, Andrew J. Cant, Alexandra F. Freeman, Jennifer M. Puck, Steven M. Holland, Bodo Grimbacher
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Electrophysiological effects and clinical efficacy of propafenone in children with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Authors: B Musto, A D'Onofrio, C Cavallaro, A Musto
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Twenty-four patients aged 10.1 +/- 4.5 (mean +/- SD) years with recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia underwent an electrophysiological study. Eleven patients had an overt and seven had a concealed accessory connection; six patients had no accessory connection. An orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia was inducible in 17 of 18 patients with an accessory connection, and an atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was inducible in four of six patients without accessory connection. After administration of propafenone, the sinus cycle length decreased. Intra-arterial, intranodal, and His-ventricle intervals and QRS duration increased. The atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods and anterograde and retrograde effective refractory periods of the atrioventricular node increased. The cycle length at which nodal second-degree block occurred increased. Of 18 patients with accessory connection, propafenone prolonged retrograde conduction in all, blocked anterograde conduction in five, and prolonged it in six. The drug terminated the orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia in all 17 patients and the atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in three of four patients. In three of four patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and in 15 of 17 patients with orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia, the tachycardia was no longer inducible or nonsustained after propafenone. A follow-up of 26 +/- 10 months revealed that the drug when orally administered to all patients prevented recurrences of tachycardia in 15 of 18 patients with and in four of six patients without accessory connection. The results of short-term drug testing with propafenone predict the response to long-term oral therapy with this drug.
Triggering radiation alarms after radioiodine treatment
Authors: Kalyan Kumar Gangopadhyay, Francis Sundram, Parijat De
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Increasing numbers of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures involving radioisotopes are being conducted.The most common procedures include thallium scans for myocardial perfusion, ventilation perfusion lung scans, bone scans, iodine uptake scans, and radioactive iodine as treatment for thyroid disorders.For thyrotoxicosis, for example, 10 000 patients received radioactive iodine ( 131 I) treatment in one year in the United Kingdom alone. 1 Such procedures make patients temporarily radioactive and can be an important cause of false alarms at airports by activating radiation detectors.Doctors show a worrying lack of awareness about such potential problems.As a result, patients receiving radioactive isotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes are not adequately warned about persisting radioactivity and precautions that need to be taken. 2 We report a case that further highlights this problem.
Epidemic Listeriosis in the Newborn
Authors: D. M. O. Becroft, K. Farmer, R. J. Seddon, R. Sowden, J. H. Stewart, A. Vines, D. A. Wattie
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Within a three-month period 13 cases of listeriosis in the newborn were seen at the National Women's Hospital, Auckland. Eleven presented in the first 24 hours of life, the most common feature being respiratory difficulty in low birth weight infants. Meconium-stained liquor was noted in nine cases. The constant finding in all cases was an aspiration pneumonia which appeared to be of intrauterine origin from an infected amniotic cavity. There was also evidence of septicaemia in nine cases, and two infants survived meningitis which developed at 1 week. Maternal symptoms were mild and variable, and in only one case were they proved to be due to listerial infection. The mothers came from different suburbs of Auckland and no common source of infection was found.
Safety and efficacy of imatinib (STI571) in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a phase I study
Authors: Allan T van Oosterom, Ian Judson, Jaap Verweij, Sigrid Stroobants, Eugenio Donato di Paola, Sasa Dimitrijevic, Marc Martens, Andrew Webb, Raf Sciot, Martine Van Glabbeke, Sandra Silberman, Ole S Nielsen
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Ethical Considerations of Human Investigation in Developing Countries
Authors: M Barry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

In the efforts to develop a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), attention has focused on sub-Saharan Africa, where large populations at risk for HIV infection could be studied easily. Cross cultural bioethics must be examined to address the ethical implications and cultural obstacles of such research. Autonomy and informed consent are difficult to achieve in cultures with limited personal choice. In some cultures, individual personhood is secondary to social relationships in the tribe or village. Language barriers, illiteracy, and the lack of knowledge about modern science all make it difficult to adequately inform participants. While the Helsinki Declaration emphasizes that a subject's well-being takes precedence over the interests of science and society, health policy decisions in nonautonomous populations often place state interests over the individual. Political sensitivities have been aroused by attempts to attribute the origin of AIDS to western or central Africa, leading political controversy and discrimination against Africans. Foreign researchers often exclude African participation once they have obtained the body fluid samples for study. Without joint collaboration and education, human research in developing countries can easily become exploitative. Justice dictates that research subjects be chosen for scientific reasons, not due to easy availability or ability to be manipulated. In vaccine development, Africans should not experience a disproportionate amount of risk without an equal share in the benefits. Furthermore, malnutrition, malaria, tuberculosis, and many other diseases present more urgent health problems to the developing world than AIDS. The health care priorities of the developing nations must be considered.
Comment on Khunti et al. Clinical Inertia in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of More Than 80,000 People. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3411–3417
Authors: Katherine Esposito, Maria Ida Maiorino, Giuseppe Bellastella, Dario Giugliano
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

We read with interest the article by Khunti et al. (1) reporting delays in treatment intensification in people with type 2 diabetes, approaching 6.9 years (median) in those with a starting HbA1c level ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and taking two oral antidiabetes drugs. Moreover, median time to intensification with insulin was 7.1, 6.1, or 6.0 years for those taking one, two, or three oral antidiabetes drugs, respectively. Although their findings support current knowledge about the protracted failure for intensification of treatment despite suboptimal glycemic control, and despite some limitations inherent to this type of analysis, the large patient population of this retrospective cohort study …
Storage of vaccines in general practice.
Authors: S. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A successful immunisation programme requires vaccines to be stored continually in conditions that maximise their potency-that is, at low temperatures.Vaccines differ in their sensitivity to adverse storage conditions, and manufacturers offer guidelines for storage temperatures, which should be observed to guarantee potency.Stimulated by the introduction of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and the publication of the Department of Health and Social Security's report on immunisation against infectious diseases,' I examined the use and storage of vaccines in my practice.My findings prompted me to examine the storage of vaccines in other practices. Methods and resultsI distributed a questionnaire among nurses on two courses for practice nurses.They worked in 36 different practices in south Hampshire and Dorset.The box gives the results of the 36 questionnaires.