tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of all epithelial elements during skin regeneration by keratinocyte growth factor.
Authors: G F Pierce, D Yanagihara, K Klopchin, D M Danilenko, E Hsu, W C Kenney, C F Morris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a recently discovered 18.9 kD member of the fibroblast growth factor family has been shown to selectively induce keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in tissue culture. To explore its potential stimulating keratinocyte growth and differentiation in vivo, we analyzed for the influence of KGF on epithelial derived elements within a wound created through the cartilage on the rabbit ear. KGF accelerated reepithelialization (p = 0.004) and increased the thickness of the epithelium (p = 0.0005) when 4-40 micrograms/cm2 recombinant KGF was added at the time of wounding. The regenerating epidermis showed normal differentiation as detected by cytokeratin immunostaining. Remarkably, however, KGF stimulated proliferation and differentiation of early progenitor cells within hair follicles and sebaceous glands in the wound bed and adjacent dermis. There was a transient but highly significant increase in specific labeling of cycling cells in both basal and suprabasal layers that extended into the spinous layer of the regenerating epidermis. As an indication of specificity, the inflammatory cells and fibroblasts within the wound were not influenced by KGF. The results indicate that KGF is unique in its ability to accelerate reepithelialization and dermal regeneration by targeting multiple epithelial elements within the skin. These results suggest that KGF may induce specific epithelial progenitor cell lineages within the skin to proliferate and differentiate, and thus may be a critical determinant of regeneration of skin. Furthermore, these findings illustrate the potential capacity of this system to analyze epithelial differentiation programs and disorders of epidermis, dermal glandular elements, and hair follicles.
Haemodynamic and pathological study of the effect of chronic hypoxia and subsequent recovery of the heart and pulmonary vasculature of the rat
Authors: A. S. Abraham, J. M. Kay, R. B. Cole, A. C. Pincock
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

It is shown that when rats are exposed to chronic hypoxia in a decompression chamber they develop an increase in right ventricular mean pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a characteristic form of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. The pulmonary vascular lesions consist of muscularization of the pulmonary arterioles, accompanied in a proportion of rats by medial thickening of the smaller muscular pulmonary arteries. When the animals are removed from the hypoxic environment, there is a progressive reduction of the right ventricular pressure and a regression of the pulmonary vascular disease. The results show that in rats the pulmonary hypertension and associated pulmonary vascular disease induced by chronic hypoxia are reversible. The findings support the hypothesis that the organic basis for the pulmonary hypertension in human subjects with chronic hypoxia is a muscularization of the small pulmonary arterial vessels, and that removal of the hypoxia produces regression of the pulmonary vascular changes and associated pulmonary hypertension.
Is Urinary Bladder Pressure a Sensitive Indicator of Intra-Abdominal Pressure?
Authors: S. Yol, A. Kartal, Ş. Tavli, Y. Tatkan
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

The accuracy of transurethral bladder catheter pressure in reflecting intra-abdominal pressure is well defined in experimental studies and case reports but not in controlled clinical trials.We compared bladder pressure with insufflator pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 40 patients. Measurements were made at four pressure levels of the insufflator: 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmHg.When the insufflator displayed 0, 5, 10, and 15 mmHg (0, 6.8, 13.6 and 20.4 cmH2O), and the mean bladder pressures measured 2.5 +/- 1.4, 7.3 +/- 1.5, 12.9 +/- 1.6 and 19.7 +/- 1.5 cmH2O, respectively. The two measurements correlated well with each other (r = 0.973, P < 0.0001).We concluded that bladder pressure measured by transurethral catheter was equal to insufflator pressure during laparoscopy, and that this was a valid indicator of intra-abdominal pressure.
Evaluation of bioprosthetic valve-associated thrombus in ventricular assist device patients.
Authors: W R Wagner, P C Johnson, R L Kormos, B P Griffith
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Thromboembolic events may be related to thrombotic deposition on prosthetic valves. In a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) that contains two porcine pericardial bioprosthetic valves in addition to significant associated biomaterial placement, this may be particularly true. Thrombotic deposits on valves removed from LVADs at autopsy or heart transplantation were scored to determine (1) the nature and location of valvular deposition, (2) whether deposition was related to thromboembolic events, (3) correlations between deposition and patient hemodynamic and coagulation parameters, and (4) implant time dependency. METHODS AND RESULTS Novacor LVADs were implanted in 23 patients as a bridge to transplantation for 1 to 303 days. Photographs of the concave (downstream) and convex (upstream) side of the inflow and outflow valve were made at explant and later scored for (1) total thrombus area (10 = equivalent of cusp area), (2) percent of cusp area occupied by solid thrombus, (3) thrombus color (10 = dark red, 0 = white), and (4) average percent of valve strut height involved with thrombus (from a side view). The inflow valve was shown to have heavier and redder deposition than the outflow valve. This was also true for the concave versus the convex side. Heaviest deposition was seen on the inflow valve concave side, which rests within the LVAD pumping sac and may be subject to poor convection. Patients with neurological thromboembolic events (8/23) during implantation had heavier deposition on the inflow valve concave side (5.7 +/- 2.7 versus 4.6 +/- 2.2, P &lt; .05). Pump volumetric output was also found to negatively correlate with thrombus area on this valve and side (r = -.61, P = .002). Platelet release (platelet factor 4) was correlated with thrombus involvement on the upstream (convex) side of the inflow valve (r = .82, P = .002). No significant dependence of deposition on the implant time was found. CONCLUSIONS Valve thrombus deposition was related to thromboembolic events. Pump volumetric output and platelet release were found to be related to deposition. These results may have implications for the role of hemodynamics and platelet activation in thromboembolism associated with prosthetic valve placement in general.
Lead Poisoning Due to Hai Ge Fen
Authors: Sarah Hill
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The interesting article by Dr Markowitz and colleagues<sup>1</sup>illustrates one of the hazards associated with consumption of food and medicine that are not prepared according to the standards of the US Food and Drug Administration. The ingredient that contained the toxic levels of lead and arsenic was identified by the herbalist as<i>hai ge fen</i>(clamshell powder). Markowitz et al described the clamshell powder as "adulterated," implying that the toxic elements were added deliberately. We offer another possible explanation that may have a broader implication for those who travel in the Orient or who favor exotic foods. Antifouling paint that is applied to the hulls of ships and other underwater surfaces is extremely toxic. It is intended to kill every living thing that would otherwise attach to the surface, particularly barnacles. In that, it is effective for long periods of time. Eventually, however, hardy species such
PARAFFIN IN SAC OF INGUINAL HERNIA
Authors: Edmund Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1926)

P. C., a man, aged 49, entered the hospital with the diagnosis of inguinal hernia. He was not a suitable subject for surgery on account of advanced arteriorenal disease. However, in the right groin was an irregular mass measuring about 5 by 12 cm. It was largest at its medial end, where it lay anterior to the pubis. At the lower end it was freely movable but seemed to enter the inguinal canal, where it tapered off and was lost in the deeper structures at the level of the internal ring. It was sharply defined, lobulated, not in the least tender to touch, and caused no discomfort. It did not give any impulse on coughing or straining. Gradual firm pressure could mold this mass into varying shapes. The patient said that fourteen years before he had had a hernia on the right side and that some physician had injected it
Time from symptom onset to treatment and outcomes after thrombolytic therapy
Authors: L. Kristin Newby, Wolfgang R. Rutsch, Robert M. Califf, Maarten L. Simoons, Philip E. Aylward, Paul W. Armstrong, Lynn H. Woodlief, Kerry L. Lee, Eric J. Topol, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Committee warns of risk of private computed tomography
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A Nigerian judge has ordered the arrests of three Pfizer officials for failing to attend court to respond to criminal charges against Pfizer for treating children with an experimental drug during a deadly meningitis outbreak in Kano, Nigeria, in 1996.Judge Shehu Atiku in Kano ordered arrest warrants for the head of Pfizer in Nigeria, Ngozi Edozien, and the senior officials Lare Baale and Segun Donguro, after they failed to attend court on 6 November.Government prosecutors in Nigeria say that Pfizer used critically ill children as "guinea pigs" to study Pfizer's experimental drug trovafloxacin.Four separate legal actions have been filed in Nigeria against Pfizer, including 31 criminal counts against 10 people.Plaintiffs seek a total of $9bn (£4.5bn; €6bn) in civil suits.Pfizer says that it will "vigorously defend itself against the 'untrue allegations' in the government's lawsuits," and it says that the children died from meningitis and not from the drugs.In response to the
Ethnic differences in invasive management of coronary disease: prospective cohort study of patients undergoing angiography
Authors: G. Feder
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To compare rates of revascularisation in south Asian and white patients undergoing coronary angiography in relation to the appropriateness of revascularisation and clinical outcome. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study of patients with two and a half years9 follow up; appropriateness of revascularisation rated by nine experts with no knowledge of ethnicity of patient. <b>Setting:</b> Tertiary cardiac centre in London with referral from five contiguous health authorities. <b>Participants:</b> Consecutive patients (502 south Asian, 2974 white) undergoing coronary angiography in the appropriateness of coronary revascularisation study (ACRE). <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Coronary revascularisation, non-fatal myocardial infarction, mortality. <b>Results:</b> There was no difference between south Asian and white patients in the proportions deemed appropriate for revascularisation (72% (361) <i>v</i> 68% (2022)) or in the proportions for whom the physician9s intended management was revascularisation (39% (196) <i>v</i> 41% (1218)). Among patients appropriate for revascularisation, age adjusted rates of coronary angioplasty (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.47 to 1.00, P=0.058) and coronary artery bypass grafting (0.74, 0.58 to 0.91, P=0.007) were lower in south Asian than in white patients. These differences were smaller but still present after adjustment for socioeconomic status and after restriction of analysis to those patients for whom the intended management was revascularisation. There were no differences in mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction between south Asian and white patients (1.07, 0.78 to 1.47). <b>Conclusion:</b> Among patients deemed appropriate for coronary artery bypass grafting, south Asian patients are less likely than white patients to receive it. This difference is not explained by physician bias.
Meningioma Induced by Thorium Dioxide
Authors: Robert H. Kyle, Albert Oler, Elliott C. Lasser, Hubert L. Rosomoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THORIUM dioxide (Thorotrast) was introduced as a contrast medium for cerebral angiography by Egas Moniz et al.1 in 1931. Its instillation into the subarachnoid space and ventricles for encephalomyelography was described in the following year by Radovici and Meller.2 , 3 This contrast medium, containing thorium, with a half-life of 1.4 X 1010 years, was employed extensively for many years, despite the potential hazard from subsequent lifelong radiation. Its use has been almost completely abandoned, however, since its implication in the pathogenesis of a variety of carcinomas, sarcomas and endotheliomas.4 , 5 The present report provides an additional example of tumor formation in the . . .
ANTEROLATERAL CHORDOTOMY FOR INTRACTABLE PAIN
Authors: EDGAR A. KAHN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Although Spiller's operation of anterolateral chordotomy has been often performed since 1911 for the control of intractable pain, it may still be said to be a much neglected procedure, the great scope of which has not been recognized by the medical profession. Historically, Van Gehuchten in 1893 first expressed the definite opinion that fibers conveying pain and temperature sensation passed up the cord in Gowers' tract, although Gowers himself had suggested this in 1879. No actual proof was afforded until Spiller's<sup>1</sup>fortunate observation of a patient at the Philadelphia General Hospital in August, 1904. This patient showed an almost complete loss of the sense of pain and temperature in the legs, with preservation of tactile sensibility. He was under observation for some months and died in January, 1905. The necropsy revealed a solitary tubercle involving the right tract of Gowers at the extreme lower end of the thoracic cord
Introduction to Anesthesia: The Principles of Safe Practice
Authors: E. S. Siker
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The preface to the sixth edition begins with an apology for threatening to end this series with the fifth edition. This reviewer is pleased that Drs Eckenhoff and Vandam reconsidered.  A new section on Education in Anesthesia addresses what the medical student, resident, and nurse anesthetist may expect from this text and describes briefly such areas as testing procedures and teaching techniques.  The years between the fifth and sixth edition provided little new to say about preanesthetic consultation, choice of anesthetic techniques, preanesthetic medication, patient transport and preparation, anesthetic equipment, the fundamentals of inhalational and intravenous (IV) anesthetics, and the techniques for their administration. The same may be said for information concerning conduction anesthesia, fluids, electrolytes, and blood component therapy. These and other fundamental concepts were well covered in the fifth edition, and the authors rightly decided that there is little wisdom in change for the sake of change. Appropriate
Adrenomedullin augments the release and production of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: K Marutsuka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objectives: Adrenomedullin (AM) is a hypotensive and vasodilative peptide. It has been reported that AM plays several biological roles in cardiovascular and endocrine systems, however, effects on the blood coagulation system have not been examined. In this study, we examined its effect on tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), which is a potent inhibitor of tissue factor/factor VIIa complex-induced coagulation cascade, and is synthesized and constitutively secreted by endothelial cells (ECs). The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of AM on release and production of TFPI in ECs. Methods: Cultured human aortic ECs were incubated with AM (10−14–10−6 M), and the antigen levels and activity of the free and total form of TFPI after AM exposure were measured in culture media using ELISA. Furthermore, receptor interaction and cellular signaling of AM were investigated. Results: AM augmented TFPI release and production in a dose-dependent manner. The effect on TFPI production was inhibited by AM receptor antagonist (AM22–52), the monoclonal antibody against C-terminal region of AM, MAPKK inhibitor, and cAMP antagonist. Conclusion: These findings indicate that AM might play an important role in the modulation of anticoagulant properties in blood circulation.
Environmental lead toxicity: nutrition as a component of intervention.
Authors: K R Mahaffey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The influence of nutritional status on susceptibility to the toxicity of lead is discussed. Emphasis is given to dietary factors of substantial clinical importance. Subtle changes in susceptibility are difficult to evaluate under conditions of overwhelming lead exposure. It is clear that subtle effects of lead exposure on neurobehavioral and cognitive development are a major concern. The role of nutrition is considered to be an adjunct to reduction of environmental lead exposure, which is the primary means of reducing adverse health effects of lead. Nutrition should be evaluated as a component of strategies to address this broad societal issue.
Enalapril Treatment Increases Cardiac Performance and Energy Reserve Via the Creatine Kinase Reaction in Myocardium of Syrian Myopathic Hamsters With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Luigino Nascimben, Jan Friedrich, Ronglih Liao, Paolo Pauletto, Achille C. Pessina, Joanne S. Ingwall
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Converting enzyme inhibitor treatment of congestive heart failure slows progression to failure and reduces mortality rate. It is not known whether these benefits are due solely to improved hemodynamics or also to improved myocyte energetics. This study examines the effect of enalapril treatment on both isovolumic contractile performance and its biochemical correlate, flux through the creatine kinase (CK) system, in an animal model of severely failing myocardium. Methods and Results Seven-month-old Syrian cardiomyopathic (TO-2 strain) and normal golden Syrian (FIB strain) hamsters were each randomly assigned to one of three groups supplied daily with either no, low (25 mg/kg body wt), or high (100 mg/kg body wt) doses of enalapril for 12 to 14 weeks. At 10 months of age, all substrates and products and flux through the CK reaction were measured in isolated perfused hearts by 31 P magnetization transfer and chemical assay. Compared with normal hamsters, the myopathic hamsters exhibited significantly lower body weights and higher biventricular heart weights, which were partially reversed by drug treatment. The Langendorff-perfused hearts showed decreased isovolumic contractile performance with identical load conditions. This was partially reversed by drug treatment. In the failing hearts, the following substrate and product concentrations and enzyme activities were decreased compared with nonfailing hearts but were unchanged by drug treatment: ATP (−28%), phosphocreatine (−48%), free creatine (−64%), ADP (−51%), and CK (−34%, primarily MM isoenzyme). Flux through the CK reaction for the untreated cardiomyopathic hamster hearts was decreased by 67%, and this decrease was almost completely reversed by enalapril treatment. The increased CK flux is due to an increase in the rate constant for the reaction, since substrate concentrations are unchanged, and is not predicted by the rate equation. In enalapril-treated failing hearts, phosphoryl transfer via the CK reaction increased with contractile performance. This was not observed in the nonfailing hearts, in which energy reserve is adequate to support changes in contractile performance. Conclusions Decreased flux through CK reaction leads to decreased capacity for ATP synthesis and may contribute to decreased contractile performance in cardiomyopathic hamster hearts. Enalapril treatment results in increased phosphoryl transfer through the CK reaction in failing myocardium, and this increase is coupled to improved cardiac performance. Decreased CK flux in failing hearts is due to a combination of decreased V max and lower guanidino pool; this mechanism fails to explain changes in CK flux in enalapril-treated failing hearts.
Alterations in Ultrasonic Backscatter During Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia in Humans
Authors: Dino F. Vitale, Robert O. Bonow, Giusto Gerundo, Nicola Pelaggi, Gianfranco Lauria, Dario Leosco, Fernando Coltorti, Carlo Bordini, Carlo Rengo, Franco Rengo
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Experimentally induced myocardial ischemia in animals causes tissue modifications that alter characteristics of the ultrasonic beam backscattered from the myocardial muscle. Alterations of backscatter parameters have been evidenced in human subjects with acute or remote myocardial infarction and during ischemia induced by angioplasty balloon occlusion or pharmacological stimuli. The effects of transient effort ischemia in humans have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to assess ultrasonic backscatter parameter changes induced by transient effort myocardial ischemia in human subjects. Methods and Results Nineteen patients with single left anterior descending coronary stenosis and 15 healthy subjects underwent ultrasonic backscatter analysis (parasternal long-axis view) at rest, immediately after a supine stress test, and 30 minutes later. Two windows were selected in each ultrasonic study: one encompassing the septum; the other, the posterior wall. Integrated backscatter was computed throughout the cardiac cycle, yielding a power curve relative to the midmyocardial region of the myocardial wall (excluding pericardial and endocardial borders). Five parameters were computed from the backscatter power curve: the maximum−minimum difference, amplitude and phase of the first harmonic Fourier fitting, phase-weighted amplitude, and time-averaged integrated backscatter difference from rest (an index of overall myocardial reflectivity). This protocol allowed comparison of the backscatter data from a region at risk of ischemia (the septum) with that from a region normally perfused (posterior wall) and a comparison with the same regions of the control group during the three ultrasonic studies. All backscatter indexes in the septum were altered significantly by exercise compared with rest values, whereas no changes were found in the normally perfused posterior wall or in the septum of the control group. All modified parameters returned to baseline values at the time of the recovery study. Conclusions These data indicate that transient, exercise-induced ischemia is associated with reduction of the cardiac cycle–dependent variation of the integrated backscatter power curve, a temporal shift in the nadir of the power curve with respect to the R wave (phase increase), and a small but detectable increase of myocardial reflectivity. These changes may be detected noninvasively in humans with ultrasonic backscatter analysis.
Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis
Authors: Giuseppe Barbolini, Giulio Rossi, Alberto Bisetti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease of unknown pathogenesis, characterized by widespread laminated calcispherites in alveolar spaces in the absence of any known disorder of calcium metabolism.1 It usually occurs in a sporadic form, but an autosomal recessive form has been described, especially in patients from the Mediterranean countries.2–5 We report on two initially asymptomatic, nonsmoking siblings: a 38-year-old woman and her 41-year-old brother, both of whom were given a diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. In both patients, chest x-ray films and a computed tomographic scan (Figure 1) showed diffusely scattered, bilateral, micronodular areas of . . .