tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the Reimbursement Barriers for Clinical Sequencing
Authors: Patricia A. Deverka, David Kaufman, Amy L. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A simplistic approach to structural dysplasia assessment: description and validation.
Authors: T. Battinelli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1984)

The purpose of this study was to formulate a simplistic method of assessing human structural dysplasia and to validate a classification system that would objectively categorize the type and extent of such dysplasia through the use of indices. Anthropometric measurements were taken from a sample of 222 male college students, length/breadth ratios were formulated, and upper/lower body classifications were made in terms of type and subtype dysplasia. Correlation validation results were highly significant. Body composition data information was also provided for descriptive purposes.
Images in cardiovascular medicine. Calcified pericardium causing cardiac constriction.
Authors: H L Fred, E E Shulman, A C Nelson, K K Botsoe, B T Rao
Journal: Circulation (1994)

A 55-year-old Mexican man complained of dyspnea, increasing abdominal girth, and swollen legs of 4 months' duration.Pertinent physical abnormalities included distended neck veins, distant heart sounds, hepatomegaly, ascites, and edema of the legs.The ECG showed atrial fibrillation and low QRS voltage.A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated biatrial dilatation, normal left ven- tricular size and function, and thickened pericardium.Radiographs of the chest (A and B) showed bilateral pleural effusions, pulmonary vascular prominence, and striking pericardial calcification.Com- puted axial tomography scan of the chest (C) further delineated the distribution and character of the calcification.Four days after admission, the patient left the hospital against advice and was lost to follow-up.The cause of his calcified pericardium is unknown.
Specific molecular signatures predict decitabine response in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Kristen Meldi, Tingting Qin, Francesca Buchi, Nathalie Droin, Jason Sotzen, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Dorothée Selimoglu-Buet, Erico Masala, Bernardino Allione, Daniela Gioia, Antonella Poloni, Monia Lunghi, Eric Solary, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Valeria Santini, Maria E. Figueroa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) are characterized by mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers and aberrant DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DMTis) are used to treat these disorders, but response is highly variable, with few means to predict which patients will benefit. Here, we examined baseline differences in mutations, DNA methylation, and gene expression in 40 CMML patients who were responsive or resistant to decitabine (DAC) in order to develop a molecular means of predicting response at diagnosis. While somatic mutations did not differentiate responders from nonresponders, we identified 167 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of DNA at baseline that distinguished responders from nonresponders using next-generation sequencing. These DMRs were primarily localized to nonpromoter regions and overlapped with distal regulatory enhancers. Using the methylation profiles, we developed an epigenetic classifier that accurately predicted DAC response at the time of diagnosis. Transcriptional analysis revealed differences in gene expression at diagnosis between responders and nonresponders. In responders, the upregulated genes included those that are associated with the cell cycle, potentially contributing to effective DAC incorporation. Treatment with CXCL4 and CXCL7, which were overexpressed in nonresponders, blocked DAC effects in isolated normal CD34+ and primary CMML cells, suggesting that their upregulation contributes to primary DAC resistance.
DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY TO HAPTEN-PROTEIN CONJUGATES
Authors: Arthur M. Silverstein, P. G. H. Cell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The cross-reactions of conjugates carrying structurally related haptens have been studied in guinea pigs with delayed sensitivity to hapten-protein conjugates. The specificity of the delayed reaction has been found to be a function both of the nature and of the position of the substituent on the benzene ring; the cross-reactions shown in the delayed system, however, have been found to be appreciably more extensive than those reported for rabbit antibody systems employing identical haptens. This finding supports the earlier suggestion that the determinant in the delayed system is functionally larger than that required for reaction of antigen with conventional antibody. Desensitization studies with cross-reacting antigens have indicated that the delayed hypersensitivity response is characterized by the production of a heterogeneous population of cells, all more or less closely adapted to the structure of the homologous hapten conjugate.
GERMANISMS IN THE DUTCH LANGUAGE
Authors: L. W. Schut
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In my copy ofThe Journal, February 20, I detected something under the headline "Netherlands" that I feel bound to correct. Our language is getting spoiled more and more by Germanisms of various kinds. But we arc not Germans yet. So if you haven't got a perfectly adequate English word for the German "Krankenkasse," your correspondent should have used the Dutch "Zichenfonds," at the same time conveying its meaning of a certain form of insurance in case of sickness. And the literal translation "Sick-fund" or Fund for the Sick would have been better than the German expression. It is Prof. van der Valk, not v. den Valk, who was appointed head of the new dermatologic clinic at the Government University, Groningen. I should like being able to subscribe to your correspondent's opinion of the excellent results of Dutch instruction of the masses in hygiene. I had full
Early Colonoscopy in Patients with Acute Diverticulitis: Results of a Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: E. Sakhnini, A. Lahat, E. Melzer, S. Apter, C. Simon, M. Natour, E. Bardan, S. Bar-Meir
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Outcomes following early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis have not previously been studied. The present study describes the effects of early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients hospitalized for acute diverticulitis were included in the study. In the first phase, patients with adjacent peridiverticular air or fluid on computed tomography (CT) were excluded. In the second phase of the study, only patients with free intraperitoneal air were excluded. Results: The study population consisted of 107 patients. During the first phase of the study, 49 patients were included; 10 were excluded because of peridiverticular air or fluid. The remaining 39 patients underwent uneventful colonoscopy. During the second phase of the study, 58 patients were included; four were excluded because of free air in the peritoneum. The remaining 54 patients underwent colonoscopy, and perforation of the sigmoid colon occurred in one patient with peridiverticular air. Complete colonoscopy to the cecum or to the obstructing tumor was achieved in 76 patients (81.7 %). A second colonoscopy performed 6 weeks later in 16 of the remaining 17 patients was successfully completed. Findings during the first colonoscopy were polyps in nine cases, polyp with infiltrating adenocarcinoma in one, obstructing adenocarcinoma in one, and a bone trapped in a diverticulum in another one. The latter two patients had a more protracted course and were clearly the ones who benefited most from the colonoscopy. Conclusions: Early colonoscopy in patients with acute diverticulitis may alter the working diagnosis and be of therapeutic value. The rate of cecal intubation is lower and the perforation rate appears to be higher. A clear-cut indication therefore has to be evident clinically.
P1217 EVALUATION OF PREDICTORS OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE (SVR) TO INTERFERON THERAPY AND HEPATIC PROGENITOR CELLS (HPCS) IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: A.A. Ghweil, G.M. Galal, E.F. Moustafa, A.M. Zaghlol, E.M. Muhammad, A.M. Kasem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Rectal Administration of Metronidazole Provides Therapeutic Plasma Levels in Postoperative Patients
Authors: Lisa Ioannides, Andrew Somogyi, John Spicer, Birger Heinzow, Nicholas Tong, Clare Franklin, Allan McLean
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

METRONIDAZOLE has been widely used for prophylaxis and therapy of anaerobic infections in abdominal and gynecologic surgery.1 2 3 4 Although clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of suppository formulations of metronidazole,5 6 7 8 there have been no reports on rectal absorption of this drug and steady-state concentrations in the plasma of post-operative patients, particularly those with altered bowel motility or sepsis within the abdominal or pelvic cavity. Expensive intravenous preparations of metronidazole are therefore widely used. We show that rectal administration provides adequate therapeutic plasma levels after surgery.MethodsPatients were included in the study only with their informed consent, together with that of . . .
AUTOLOGOUS IMMUNE COMPLEX NEPHRITIS INDUCED WITH RENAL TUBULAR ANTIGEN
Authors: Thomas S. Edgington, Richard J. Glassock, Frank J. Dixon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The nephritogenic antigen, responsible for the immunogenic stimulus in experimental allergic glomerulonephritis induced with tubular antigen, has been identified as a renal tubular epithelial (RTE)-specific antigen and has been isolated in a relatively purified form. This antigen, RTE-alpha(5), is a distinct and antigenically specific lipoprotein of high density which is derived primarily from the brush border of proximal convoluted tubular epthelium of the rat kidney. It has been suggested that this molecule may be a plasma membrane subunit. Immunization of rats with as little as 3 microg N of RTE-alpha(5) in complete Freund's adjuvant has effectively induced this form of membranous glomerulonephritis. RTE-alpha(5) is not a constituent of normal rat glomeruli; however, with the onset of autologous immune complex nephritis it is deposited in a granular fashion along glomerular capillary walls indistinguishable from the deposits of gamma-globulin and complement. The antigenic specificity of this antigen and its tissue derivation has been explored, and the observations support the autologous immune complex pathogenesis of the glomerulonephritis induced in rats by immunization with renal tubular antigen.
43 LONG TERM TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) THERAPY AND THE RISK OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: W.R. Kim, T. Berg, R. Loomba, R. Aguilar Schall, P. Dinh, L.J. Yee, E.B. Martins, J.F. Flaherty, S. Gurel, M. Buti, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
England lags behind Scotland in assessing cancer drug
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Evidence (NICE) is looking at ways to speed up the delivery of its guidance on the use of new drugs following complaints from charities, such as CancerBACUP (see above), and the achievement of faster approval times by a comparable body elsewhere in the UK.

The Scottish Medicines Consortium, which fulfils the role of NICE in Scotland, appears able to assess drugs more quickly than its English counterpart. It has given its decision on the breast cancer …
Platelet Size and Function in the Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
Authors: J. WORTH ESTES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Morphological and functional abnormalities of platelets in 117 members of 31 families with heritable disorders of connective tissue have been studied. The presence of larger than normal platelets was found to be common to these disorders but not to all affected patients. It was not a constant feature, but it was inherited consistently within families in which it was present. The data relating to functional deficits of platelets in these subjects both fitted within and extended the previously reported spectrum of platelet abnormalities associated with the conditions studied. Morphological abnormalities did not correlate with functional defects.
Statins and prevention of infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from large randomised placebo controlled trials
Authors: H. L. van den Hoek, W. J. W. Bos, A. de Boer, E. M. W. van de Garde
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate whether the potential of statins to lower the risk of infections as published in observational studies is causal. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. <b>Study selection</b> Randomised placebo controlled trials of statins (up to 10 March 2011) enrolling a minimum of 100 participants, with follow-up for at least one year. <b>Data extraction</b> Infection or infection related death. <b>Results</b> The first study selection yielded 632 trials. After screening of the corresponding abstracts and full text papers, 11 trials totalling 30 947 participants were included. 4655 of the participants (2368 assigned to statins and 2287 assigned to placebo) reported an infection during treatment. Meta-analysis showed no effect of statins on the risk of infections (relative risk 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.05) or on infection related deaths (0.97, 0.83 to 1.13). <b>Conclusion</b> These findings do not support the hypothesis that statins reduce the risk of infections. Absence of any evidence for a beneficial effect in large placebo controlled trials reduces the likelihood of a causal effect as reported in observational studies.
STUDIES ON THE TOXICITY OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES
Authors: Gertrude Henle, Werner Henle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Intracerebral injection of preparations of influenza viruses into mice led to tonic and clonic convulsions and death in tetanus, usually within 24 to 72 hours. Histological examination revealed the destruction of the ependymal lining of the ventricles as the dominant finding. These reactions were obtained in four different strains of mice as well as in rats, guinea pigs, and hamsters. They were observed in mice after injection of mouse and egg-adapted virus, and all strains of virus tested gave these responses as long as sufficient quantities of the agents were injected. Control materials, such as normal allantoic fluids, particulate components of normal chorio-allantoic membranes, and suspensions of normal murine lungs, gave uniformly negative results. Activation of a latent virus as well as the inadvertent admixture of a neurotropic agent to the influenza cultures was excluded. Propagation of the influenza viruses in the central nervous system could not be demonstrated and, in fact, the agents were no longer demonstrable in 4 days. It was concluded that the observed neurological reactions were the result of toxic activities rather than of virus propagation. Comparison between the infectivity, hemagglutinating capacity, and the toxic activity showed that preparations with the higher titers of virus and hemagglutinin were also the more toxic ones. The toxic agents could not be separated from the infectious particles by the use of such technics as differential high speed centrifugation, adsorption onto and elution from chicken red cells, and precipitation by protamine. The toxic effect of influenza A virus preparations was specifically neutralized by anti-influenza A and not by anti-influenza B serum, and conversely. In addition, antigenic differences were noted between two strains of influenza A virus by this method of testing.
THE ADAPTATION OF UNMODIFIED STRAINS OF YELLOW FEVER VIRUS TO CULTIVATION IN VITRO
Authors: Hugh H. Smith, Max Theiler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. In a search for suitable tissues for the cultivation of yellow fever virus in vitro, mouse embryos were inoculated with this virus in utero. A titration for virus content of the various organs of the embryos indicated that the virus was present in the brain in greatest concentration. 2. Unmodified strains of yellow fever virus were readily adapted to cultivation in vitro in a medium consisting of minced mouse embryo brain tissue and Tyrode solution containing 10 per cent normal monkey serum. 3. After a continued cultivation in mouse embryo brain tissue cultures for twenty to twenty-five subcultures, these strains were readily adapted to cultivation in whole mouse embryo tissue medium. 4. There is evidence to indicate that a prolonged cultivation of the virus in mouse embryo brain medium increases its neurotropic properties. 5. Attempts to employ monkey tissues for in vitro cultivation of yellow fever virus gave entirely negative results.
Severe Avulsion Injury of the Lower Extremity Skin
Authors: Robert D. Keagy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In a case of severe skin avulsion of the lower extremity associated with open injuries of the knee and ankle joint, treatment combining several modes of therapy resulted in a cosmetically acceptable and useful limb. This was achieved operatively by thorough wound cleansing, defatting of the avulsed skin, and circumferential grafting to reappose the sagging musculature. Postoperative care included the use of continuous skeletal wire elevation, continuous irrigation and suction of the joints, and intermittent hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Clinical Notes on Leprosy
Authors: J. J. L. Donnet
Journal: BMJ (1889)

know exactly what it was-a thick embedded cyst of the broad ligament.As Dr. Keith was wrong in his diagnosis and is wrong in his recollections, we can place n i reliance whatever on his conclusions.My own conclusion about this case is that the death was really due to delay in performing.Dr. Keith ought to have performed it two years before it was done.He knew at that time how to deal with these troublesome broad ligaments, and for years he had promised to comply with my constantly-repeated request to see him do a hysterectomy.But he as persistently broke his promise, and finally, when pressed into a corner on the subject, refused to fuLlfil it.Had I been in possession of what Dr. Keith kept secret, 1 could have operated upon this poor woman successfully, and upon many others.Had Dr. Keith done the operation himself it would probably have been successful.The death should therefore be recorded against Dr.
Vascular expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase in atherosclerosis.
Authors: T Fukai, Z S Galis, X P Meng, S Parthasarathy, D G Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We characterized a novel form of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) in atherosclerotic vessels. Specific activity and protein expression of ecSOD was increased two- to threefold in apo E-deficient compared with control aortas. RNase protection assays demonstrated that the expected ecSOD transcript was not increased in either apo E-deficient mice or cholesterol-fed LDL receptor-deficient mice, but that a second, lower molecular weight transcript was present and became predominant as atherosclerosis progressed. Sequence analysis revealed that this novel ecSOD has a 10-bp deletion in the 3' untranslated region and an asparagine to aspartic acid mutation at amino acid 21. Studies of isolated macrophages and immunohistochemistry suggested that the truncated ecSOD transcript was expressed by lipid-laden but not control macrophages. Recombinant wild-type and novel ecSODs expressed in Sf9 cells exhibited similar SOD activities. These experiments show that ecSOD expression is increased in atherosclerotic vessels and that this is characterized by an alteration in mRNA and protein structure. Further, the source of this altered ecSOD is likely the lipid-laden macrophage. The enzymatic properties of this novel ecSOD may have important implications for the function of the lipid-laden macrophage and the atherosclerotic process.
Progestogens and cardiovascular reactions associated with oral contraceptives and a comparison of the safety of 50- and 30-microgram oestrogen preparations.
Authors: T W Meade, G Greenberg, S G Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Progestogens probably have metabolic effects that may contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular reactions associated with combined oestrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives. This possibility was investigated by a study of nearly 2000 reports to the Committee on Safety of Medicines from 1964 to 1977. The reports concerned preparations in which norethisterone acetate in doses of 1.0, 2.5, 3.0, or 4.0 mg was combined with 50 microgram of ethinyloestradiol and those in which levonorgestrel in doses of 150 or 250 microgram was combined with 30 microgram of ethinyloestradiol. Observed and expected numbers of reports were compared, using retail pharmacy purchase figures as a measure of the use of different preparations. There was a significant positive association between the dose of norethisterone acetate and deaths from stroke and ischaemic heart disease (IHD); this association was also found for all cases of these two conditions, fatal plus non-fatal. There were no associations of dose of norethisterone acetate with hypertension or venous thrombosis. The higher dose of levonorgestrel was associated with a possible excess of deaths, non-venous plus venous, and an excess of strokes. There was no association between dose of levonorgestrel and hypertension or venous thrombosis. The reports were also used to assess the relative safety of 30-microgram and 50-microgram oestrogen preparations. Those with 30 microgram of oestrogen were associated with significantly fewer reports of death and IHD (both fatal, and fatal plus non-fatal) than those with 50 microgram of oestrogen. In view of the large-scale move towards preparations with progressively lower oestrogen doses, there are no grounds for major changes in oral contraceptive practice. Within the range of preparations currently in use, however, there is a case for minimising the dose of progestogen to reduce the chances of thromboembolism.