tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinephric Urinoma Secondary to Perforated UPJ Obstruction Diagnosed Using Tc-99m Mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) SPECT/CT
Authors: Ishan Gunatunga, Philip Facey, Lee Bartley, John Rees, Sukhdev Singh, Patrick Fielding
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

An 80-year-old woman presented with a history of right flank pain and tenderness. Her white cell count and C-reactive protein were elevated at 12.3 × 109/L and 108 mg/L respectively. An ultrasound scan of the abdomen showed moderate right sided hydronephrosis without ureteric dilatation and a collection at the lower pole of the kidney. An isotope renogram was performed using Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) to assess the presence of renal obstruction and to look for evidence of a urinary leak. Planar images revealed partial obstruction of the right kidney and unusual accumulation of tracer inferior to the kidney. SPECT/CT was performed to further evaluate the location of the abnormal tracer accumulation. Fused images demonstrated a posterior perirenal urinoma due to rupture of the collecting system. The patient underwent retrograde ureteric stenting and made an uneventful recovery.
Cardiac Fibroblast Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Regulates Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Ischemic Heart
Authors: Hind Lal, Firdos Ahmad, Jibin Zhou, Justine E. Yu, Ronald J. Vagnozzi, Yuanjun Guo, Daohai Yu, Emily J. Tsai, James Woodgett, Erhe Gao, Thomas Force
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Myocardial infarction–induced remodeling includes chamber dilatation, contractile dysfunction, and fibrosis. Of these, fibrosis is the least understood. After myocardial infarction, activated cardiac fibroblasts deposit extracellular matrix. Current therapies to prevent fibrosis are inadequate, and new molecular targets are needed. Methods and Results— Herein we report that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is phosphorylated (inhibited) in fibrotic tissues from ischemic human and mouse heart. Using 2 fibroblast-specific GSK-3β knockout mouse models, we show that deletion of GSK-3β in cardiac fibroblasts leads to fibrogenesis, left ventricular dysfunction, and excessive scarring in the ischemic heart. Deletion of GSK-3β induces a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype in isolated cardiac fibroblasts, in post–myocardial infarction hearts, and in mouse embryonic fibroblasts deleted for GSK-3β. Mechanistically, GSK-3β inhibits profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD-3 signaling via interactions with SMAD-3. Moreover, deletion of GSK-3β resulted in the significant increase of SMAD-3 transcriptional activity. This pathway is central to the pathology because a small-molecule inhibitor of SMAD-3 largely prevented fibrosis and limited left ventricular remodeling. Conclusions— These studies support targeting GSK-3β in myocardial fibrotic disorders and establish critical roles of cardiac fibroblasts in remodeling and ventricular dysfunction.
Overtreatment of children with Wilms' tumour outside paediatric oncology centres.
Authors: J. Pritchard, C. A. Stiller, E. L. Lennox
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Etude retrospective de 20 cas de tumeur de Wilms traites en dehors du Groupe d'Etude des Cancers de l'Enfant. 10 des 20 enfants ont recu des doses de radiotherapie nettement superieures a celles demandees par leur etat. La radiotherapie est bien toleree en general chez l'enfant mais les effets nefastes tardifs sont importants. Les centres specialises sont plus aptes a preciser les traitements convenant a chaque stade de la maladie
Iodine and acetone-containing plastic spray dressings.
Authors: P R Lanham
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a population based register of stroke (n = 536) compiled in Perth, Western Australia during an 18 month period in 1989-90, 60 cases (11%) of primary intracerebral haemorrhage were identified among 56 persons (52% men). The mean age of these patients was 68 (range 23-93) and 46 (77%) events were first ever strokes. The crude annual incidence was 35 per 100,000, with a peak in the eighth decade, and a male predominance. Deep and lobar haemorrhages each accounted for almost one third of all cases. The clinical presentations included sudden coma (12%), headache (8%), seizures (8%), and pure sensory-motor stroke (3%). Primary intracerebral haemorrhage was the first presentation of leukaemia in two cases (both fatal) and it followed an alcoholic binge in four cases. 55% had a history of hypertension. 16 (27%) patients, half of whom had a history of hypertension, were taking antiplatelet agents, and one patient was taking warfarin. There were only two confirmed cases of amyloid angiopathy. The overall 28 day case fatality was 35%, but this varied from 100% for haemorrhages in the brainstem to 22% for those in the basal ganglionic or thalamic region. Other predictors of early death were intraventricular extension of blood, volume of haematoma, mass effect, and coma and severe paresis at onset. Although based on small numbers, these data confirm the heterogeneous nature of primary intracerebral haemorrhage, but they also suggest a different clinical spectrum of this type of stroke in the community compared with the experience of specialist neurological units.
Pondering past, future of implantable heart
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

What is the immediate future of the implantable "artificial" heart? No clear answer appears to have emerged so far, but an important related question is: Should implantation of the artificial heart at present be restricted to temporary replacement while patients are awaiting a suitable donor heart? Several of the surgeons who have implanted a total cardiac replacement device of one sort or another seem to agree that, pending further improvements in the devices, this is the most practical clinical approach. The surgeons spoke out during a day-long discussion about the use of the artificial device. The discussion was between heart surgeons and journalists—most of whom had reported on the artificial heart developments as they unfolded. The meeting was arranged by the Foundation for American Communications and held in Washington, DC. It was billed as a sort of postmortem examination of how the recent press coverage of the artificial heart affected
The relationship between uric acid and potassium in normal subjects.
Authors: A C Kennedy, K Boddy, P C King, J Brennan, J A Anderson, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

The serum uric acid concentration in normal healthy subjects has been studied in relation to sex, height, weight, lean body mass measured from total body potassium and predicted from the Hume-Weyers formula (1971), total body potassium, plasma potassium and urea, and packed cell volume. The strongest correlation was found with sex, but height, weight, total body potassium, lean body mass (measured and predicted) also correlated significantly with serum uric acid concentration. However, when the sex variable was removed, the other factors lost their significant correlation. Finally, total red blood cell and plasma volumes were predicted (Hume and Goldberg, 1964) and from these an estimate of total plasma uric acid, total plasma potassium, and total red blood cell potassium obtained. Measured total body potassium was found to correlate well with total plasma potassium and total red blood cell potassium independent of sex. Total plasma uric acid correlated well with measured total body potassium when both sexes were considered and when separated into male and female groups the males retained a significant correlation as did the female group.
Marketing policies for neuroleptic drugs.
Authors: H G Kinnell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

high priority.Your correspondents observe that the prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma in African AIDS is lower than in homosexual patients.The same is true when one compares AIDS in American heterosexuals and children with that in homo- sexuals.I 0 My final point is more general.Kaposi's sarcoma was described in Africa as early as 1934,"1 and its high incidence is well docu- mented.' 2 It is a poor reflection on the out- look of Western medicine that it took an out- break of a relatively small number of cases in American homosexuals for anyone to take any notice.The AIDS epidemic is yet another illustration of the importance of the study of geographical medicine.With their historical connections in central Africa, the workers from the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp are in a unique position to carry out important investigations.We should wish them well, and await their findings with interest.
The human lumbar intervertebral disc: evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration.
Authors: J Antoniou, T Steffen, F Nelson, N Winterbottom, A P Hollander, R A Poole, M Aebi, M Alini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Very little is known about the turnover of extracellular matrix in the human intervertebral disc. We measured concentrations of specific molecules reflecting matrix synthesis and degradation in predetermined regions of 121 human lumbar intervertebral discs and correlated them with ageing and Thompson grade of degeneration. Synthesis in intervertebral discs, measured by immunoassay of the content of a putative aggrecan biosynthesis marker (846) and the content of types I and II procollagen markers, is highest in the neonatal and 2-5-yr age groups. The contents of these epitopes/molecules progressively diminished with increasing age. However, in the oldest age group (60-80 yr) and in highly degenerated discs, the type I procollagen epitope level increased significantly. The percentage of denatured type II collagen, assessed by the presence of an epitope that is exposed with cleavage of type II collagen, increased twofold from the neonatal discs to the young 2-5-yr age group. Thereafter, the percentage progressively decreased with increasing age; however, it increased significantly in the oldest group and in highly degenerate discs. We identified three matrix turnover phases. Phase I (growth) is characterized by active synthesis of matrix molecules and active denaturation of type II collagen. Phase II (maturation and ageing) is distinguished by a progressive drop in synthetic activity and a progressive reduction in denaturation of type 11 collagen. Phase III (degeneration and fibrotic) is illustrated by evidence for a lack of increased synthesis of aggrecan and type II procollagen, but also by an increase in collagen type II denaturation and type I procollagen synthesis, both dependent on age and grade of tissue degeneration.
Uneventful Endoscopic Retrieval of a Cannibalized Aortic Trouser Graft
Authors: M. Narain, B. Jones
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Figure 1A 60-year-old man with bilateral amputations presented in November 1999 with mild hemiparesis and microcytic anaemia. At routine gastroscopy, a gallstone-like object was seen to fill the distal duodenal bulb. This was snared and, upon retrieval, the abdominal portion of a Dacron aortic trouser graft followed. The patient made an uneventful recovery and returned to a normal diet. The figure shows that the distal portion of the graft, previously inserted with recovery of pedal pulses in 1988, had migrated into the duodenum and had become bile-encrusted.
Transient Myocardial Contrast After Initial Exposure to Diagnostic Ultrasound Pressures With Minute Doses of Intravenously Injected Microbubbles
Authors: Thomas R. Porter, Feng Xie
Journal: Circulation (1995)

We have observed a transient but significant increase in myocardial contrast intensity with intravenously injected perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin (PESDA) microbubbles that occurs on initial exposure to pulsed ultrasound (transient-response imaging). The characteristics and magnitude of this response were examined in the present study.In 14 dogs, the myocardial contrast intensity produced by transient-response imaging (TRI) was compared with conventional 30-Hz imaging (CI) after a 0.005 to 0.030 mL/kg intravenous injection of PESDA. TRI was produced either by measuring myocardial contrast during triggered (1 pulse per cardiac cycle) ultrasound or by withholding real time ultrasound transmission until after microbubbles had entered the myocardium after intravenous injection. Both first-harmonic imaging (2.0 to 3.5 MHz) and second-harmonic imaging (2.0 to 2.5 MHz fundamental, 4.0 to 5.0 MHz received) were used. TRI produced over three times the anterior myocardial contrast intensity of CI (36 +/- 12 U TRI versus 11 +/- 11 U CI; P < .01), with visually better anterior and posterior myocardial contrast. The spatial extent of myocardial ischemia was easily visualized after intravenous PESDA by use of TRI and correlated closely with risk area as measured with Monastral blue (r = .99, P = .002).TRI produces significantly greater myocardial contrast than CI and may dramatically enhance the ability of intravenous ultrasound contrast agents to identify myocardial perfusion abnormalities.
Dynamic cardiomyoplasty: Effect of discontinuing latissimus dorsi muscle stimulation on left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance and exercise capacity
Authors: Guillaume Jondeau, Richard Dorent, Valeria Bors, Jean-Claude Dib, Olivier Dubourg, Rachid Benzidia, Iradj Gandjbakhch, Jean-Pierre Bourdarias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS IN RATS INDUCED BY INJECTION OF ANTI-KIDNEY SERUM
Authors: Joseph E. Smadel, Lee E. Farr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

The glomerulonephritis induced in rats by nephrotoxin was characterized clinically during its initial phase by severe albuminuria, cylindruria, and anasarca, but not by hematuria. Rapidly fatal nephritis was produced by injecting relatively large amounts of anti-kidney serum at frequent intervals. In such cases the blood urea mounted rapidly; the urea clearance fell; and death occurred within about 2 weeks. A milder nephritis of the chronic type was induced by giving smaller quantities of anti-kidney serum in either single or divided doses. In these instances there was no immediate alteration of the urea clearance. Lipemia and plasma protein deficit appeared with the development of anasarca. The majority of rats which survived the initial stage of this experimental nephritis continued to show marked albuminuria with casts until they died or were sacrificed months later. Some of these animals showed retardation of growth and a progressive fall of the urea clearance. Terminally there developed marked retention of urea, plasma protein deficit, anemia, and hypertension.
Treadmill Testing in Hypertensives
Authors: Albert J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Fleg<sup>1</sup>answers some questions about resistive exercise in hypertensive persons. While he seems comfortable with the performance of such exercises by hypertensive patients with controlled resting blood pressures, I think the position he takes merits some scrutiny. Though it appears "safe" for adult hypertensives to engage in resistive exercises, it is likely that in many of them there is an escape from blood pressure control during such exercise.<sup>2</sup>Though this may represent no short-term risk, recurrent pressure elevations may be a factor in the long-term development of left ventricular hypertrophy. There is evidence that left ventricular hypertrophy correlates better with arterial pressure during normal activity and with exaggerated blood pressure responses to exercise.<sup>3,4</sup>Certainly the increased hazard of complications to hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy is well known. The diastolic blood pressure response to aerobic exercise in patients with borderline hypertension (eg
Peripheral Blood Proteins Predict Mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Thomas J. Richards, Naftali Kaminski, Fred Baribaud, Susan Flavin, Carrie Brodmerkel, Daniel Horowitz, Katherine Li, Jiin Choi, Louis J. Vuga, Kathleen O. Lindell, Melinda Klesen, Yingze Zhang, Kevin F. Gibson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of unknown etiology with a variable and unpredictable course.The aim of this study was to identify and validate plasma proteins that are predictive of outcome in IPF.Plasma samples were available for 241 patients with IPF (140 derivation and 101 validation). In the derivation cohort, concentrations of 92 proteins were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay and concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, MMP-1, and surfactant protein D were assessed by ELISA. In the validation cohort concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, IL-8, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were assessed by bead-based multiplex assay, and S100A12 and MMP-7 by ELISA. Associations of biomarkers with mortality, transplant-free survival, and disease progression were tested in the derivation and validation cohorts using nonparametric methods of survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model, and an integrated risk prediction score was derived and tested.High concentrations of MMP-7, ICAM-1, IL-8, VCAM-1, and S100A12 predicted poor overall survival, poor transplant-free survival, and poor progression-free survival in the derivation cohort. In the independent validation cohort high concentrations of all five were predictive of poor transplant-free survival; MMP-7, ICAM-1, and IL-8 of overall survival; and ICAM-1 of poor progression-free survival. The personal clinical and molecular mortality prediction index derived in the derivation cohort was highly predictive of mortality in the validation cohort.Our results suggest that plasma proteins should be evaluated as a tool for prognosis determination in prioritization of patients for lung transplantation and stratification in drug studies.
Burn Wounds Resurfaced by Cultured Epidermal Autografts Show Abnormal Reconstitution of Anchoring Fibrils
Authors: David T. Woodley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We studied epidermal autografts placed on four severely burned patients. All of the patients experienced skin fragility in the autograft sites, and three of the four patients reported spontaneous blisters. Epidermal-dermal adherence was objectively examined in one patient by comparing suction blistering times in the autograft and in a parallel, control, unburned site. Blisters formed in the autograft at 17 minutes, and the cleavage plane of the blister was below the lamina densa of the basement membrane. In contrast, the normal skin blistered at 65 minutes and had a superficial cleavage plane, above the basal lamina. In all four patients, the reconstituted basement membrane zone beneath the autografts was incomplete and lacked type IV (basement membrane) collagen 7-S sites and anchoring fibrils. We conclude that skin fragility, apparent as late as seven months after transplantation, may result from defective anchoring fibrils. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2566-2571)
A CASE OF AMŒBIC DYSENTERY.
Authors: E. P. GERRY
Journal: JAMA (1892)

In calling attention to the amœba dysentarise, the nomenclature of Councilman and Lafleur has been followed, instead of Lösch, who in 1873 first described the organism urder the name of amœba coli. As Councilman and Lafieur say in their admirable work on amoebic dysentery, the name amœba coli is not distinctive, for it is very probable that there may be a number of species of amœbae which, under certain conditions, infest the colon. They quote Cunningham, of India, as having found them not only in human faeces, in health and disease, but also in the faeces of some of the domestic animals It therefore seems proper that the more distinctive name is the one by which the organism should be known. Lambl in 1859 discovered certain organisms belonging among the protozoa in the intestinal contents. They produced a dysentery which baffled most observers as to its significance, even in countries
The development cycle of a pharmaceutical discovery chemi-informatics system
Authors: Kimberley I. Heuer
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1999)

The rate at which we now produce, test, and warehouse new compound structures in the Discovery process strains our ability to evaluate and comprehend the information that results [Fayyad U. Database Programming and Design 1998;11(3):24]. With the advent of robotic systems and specialized software tools, the profusion of data yielded by the pharmaceutical discovery process is testing the manageability and usefulness of the information resource. Clearly, the challenge faced by Discovery today lies not in the generation of data, but in the generation of software tools that provide the means to store, extract, analyze, and display the data contained within the this expanding resource, and thereby meet the needs of the disciplines participating in the Discovery process. In this review a schematic of a chemi-informatics system, that aids our adaptation to the evolving Discovery process and the expanded flow of pharmaceutical data, is discussed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 19, No. 3, 209–221,1999.
Transcriptional Analysis of Normal Human Fibroblast Responses to Microgravity Stress
Authors: Yongqing Liu, Eugenia Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

To understand the molecular mechanism(s) of how spaceflight affects cellular signaling pathways, quiescent normal human WI-38 fibroblasts were flown on the STS-93 space shuttle mission. Subsequently, RNA samples from the space-flown and ground-control cells were used to construct two cDNA libraries, which were then processed for suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify spaceflight-specific gene expression. The SSH data show that key genes related to oxidative stress, DNA repair, and fatty acid oxidation are activated by spaceflight, suggesting the induction of cellular oxidative stress. This is further substantiated by the up-regulation of neuregulin 1 and the calcium-binding protein calmodulin 2. Another obvious stress sign is that spaceflight evokes the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathways, along with up-regulating several G1-phase cell cycle traverse genes. Other genes showing up-regulation of expression are involved in protein synthesis and pro-apoptosis, as well as pro-survival. Interactome analysis of functionally related genes shows that c-Myc is the "hub" for those genes showing significant changes. Hence, our results suggest that microgravity travel may impact changes in gene expression mostly associated with cellular stress signaling, directing cells to either apoptotic death or premature senescence.
Corrigendum to “Efficacy of Helper-dependent Adenovirus Vector-mediated Gene Therapy in Murine Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia”
Authors: Dwight D Koeberl, Baodong Sun, Andrew Bird, Yuan-Tsong Chen, Kazuhiro Oka, Lawrence Chan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Molecular Therapy (2007) 15, 1253–1258. doi:10.1038/sj.mt.6300188 Following the publication of this article, Dr. Koeberl provided the first names for his co-authors. The complete and correct author names are above.
Yeast, Flies, Worms, and Fish in the Study of Human Disease
Authors: Iswar K. Hariharan, Daniel A. Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The sequencing of the human genome has revealed an almost complete "parts list" for the study of the genetic basis of disease.1,2 The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man data base lists more than 1000 human genes that have been implicated in specific diseases.3 It is likely that within a few years the causative lesion in most diseases that result from a mutation in a single gene will have been characterized, and geneticists are using sophisticated methods to track genes in polygenic diseases — that is, diseases caused by defects in more than a single gene.Often, however, the rapid . . .