tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy During Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Peter R. Jochimsen
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Two patients became pregnant while receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer following mastectomy. These cases suggest that the significant prolongation of disease-free survival seen in young premenopausal patients may not be ascribable to ovarian failure alone. While the degree to which these patients will benefit from adjuvant therapy is unknown, it is clear that the agents used did not affect fertility. The need to instruct such patients in the necessity for using nonoral contraceptive techniques is stressed.
Left atrial reservoir and active pump function after brief duration of atrial fibrillation: an acute animal study
Authors: None Yong Jin Kim, Hirotsugu Yamada, Tomotsugu Tabata, Junto Watanabe, Erwan Donal, Deborah A. Agler, Shaowei Zhuang, Youhua Zhang, Don W. Wallick, Kent A. Mowrey, Todor N. Mazgalev, James D. Thomas, Richard A. Grimm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Electrical Aversion Therapy
Authors: J. T. Quinn, J. W. Patten
Journal: BMJ (1964)

per vehicle mile travelled is appreciably higher on the motorway than on other types of road . .." seems to fulfil the prophecy of Fitzwater Wray, in " The Kuklos Papers " (1927), when the agitation for cyclists' rear lights was in full spate and cyclists were called the " greatest menace on the roads," to the effect that the removal from the roads of all users but motorists would simply mean that the latter would run into each other at higher speeds.-Iam, etc.,
Effects of various statins on cytokine‐dependent growth and IgE‐dependent release of histamine in human mast cells
Authors: M. T. Krauth, Y. Majlesi, K. Sonneck, P. Samorapoompichit, M. Ghannadan, A. W. Hauswirth, M. Baghestanian, G. H. Schernthaner, C. Worda, M. R. Müller, W. R. Sperr, P. Valent
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Statins are inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, a key enzyme in mevalonic acid (MVA)‐dependent signaling. Recent data suggest that statins exhibit profound inhibitory effects on growth and function of various immune cells. In the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of five different statins on primary human mast cells (MCs), MC progenitors, and the human MC line HMC‐1. Methods: Histamine release experiments were conducted on isolated MCs using statins and an anti‐immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody. Culture experiments were performed with stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin (IL)‐6, and cord blood‐derived progenitors. Results: Preincubation of primary lung MCs with cerivastatin or atorvastatin (1–50 μ M) for 24 h resulted in inhibition of anti‐IgE‐induced release of histamine. The effects of both statins were dose‐dependent. Moreover, both statins, and to a lesser degree lovastatin, were found to inhibit the SCF‐induced differentiation of MCs from their progenitors. The other statins tested (simvastatin, pravastatin) did not affect mediator release or growth of MCs. Conclusions: Cerivastatin and atorvastatin act as inhibitors of growth and function of human MCs.
Performance of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria varies widely
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An evaluation of 41 commercially available rapid diagnostic tests for malaria has shown that some perform exceptionally well in tropical temperatures and can detect even low parasite densities in blood samples, but other tests were able only to detect the parasite at high densities.

The findings will help countries choose the tests best suited to their local conditions, said representatives from the World Health Organization’s regional office for the western Pacific, the WHO based special programme for research and training in tropical diseases, and the Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, which sponsored the evaluation.

The results of the evaluation, which …
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Idiopathic Infertile Couples
Authors: Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Irmela Florin, Walter Krause, Martin Pook
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the impact of a 6-month cognitive-behavioral therapy for infertile couples. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Seventeen idiopathic infertile couples participated in a therapy program comprised of modules to behaviorally optimize the chance of conception, improve sexual functioning and satisfaction, reduce thoughts of helplessness and, if necessary, improve marital communication skills. Pre- to posttreatment changes in the therapy group were compared to changes in two control groups. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The therapy group showed an improvement in sperm concentration, a reduction in thoughts of helplessness and a decrease in marital distress. By the end of therapy participants practiced timed intercourse more reliably and reported unchanged sexual pleasure and satisfaction during the nonfertile period of the menstrual cycle. At the 6-month follow-up, problem-focused thoughts had decreased. The live birth rate was higher in the therapy group than in epidemiological samples. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Preliminary data suggest that cognitive-behavioral treatment may be an effective approach for the treatment of infertility.
Decreased Bone Density in Hyperprolactinemic Women
Authors: Anne Klibanski, Robert M. Neer, Inese Z. Beitins, E. Chester Ridgway, Nicholas T. Zervas, Janet W. McArthur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

HYPERPROLACTINEMIA is a relatively common clinical problem, occurring in more than 25 per cent of women who present with secondary amenorrhea.1 , 2 Amenorrhea, anovulation, and galactorrhea are well-established clinical sequelae of hyperprolactinemia in women.3 , 4 Hypogonadism occurs in many of these women, and is evidenced by amenorrhea, vaginal-mucosal atrophy, lack of progesterone-induced uterine withdrawal bleeding, and serum estradiol levels comparable to those of postmenopausal women.5 , 6 In other hyperprolactinemic, amenorrheic women, a relative estrogen deficiency may be present, since serum estradiol concentrations remain tonically fixed at levels found only during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, without the six-fold or greater . . .
The Biology and Clinical Management of Bladder Cancer
Authors: John H. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Cooper and Williams have uniquely combined a comprehensive treatise on bladder carcinoma that will appeal to the practicing urologist, the academic urologist, and the basic scientist with specific research interests. In addition, the book should hold particular interest for the radiotherapist, pathologist, and those concerned in the team management of patients with bladder carcinoma. The initial chapters take up the basic anatomy and cellular events involved in the behavior of normal, inflamed, and malignant bladder epithelium. Although animal models have provided most of the basic information in these areas, the authors have interpreted these findings in relation to the pathophysiology of human transitional cell malignancy. These chapters enable the practicing surgeon to conceptualize the important events in the transformation of malignant epithelium. The chapter on the epidemiology of bladder carcinoma illustrates the theme permeating the entire book. Prior to the presentation of the data, which support the role of chemical
Monoclonal Anti-idiotype Antibody 6G6.C4 Fused to GM-CSF Is Capable of Breaking Tolerance to Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) in CEA–Transgenic Mice
Authors: Christian Schwegler, Alexandra Dorn-Beineke, Stefanie Nittka, Carol Stocking, Michael Neumaier
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Internal image anti-idiotypic antibodies are capable of mimicking tumor-associated antigens and thus may serve as surrogate for vaccination strategies in cancer patients. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6G6.C4 mimics an epitope specific for the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and generates a CEA-specific response (Ab3) in various experimental animals. In humans, however, 6G6.C4 only yields a very limited humoral anti-CEA reaction presumably due to tolerance against the CEA autoantigen. In this study, we investigated the CEA-specific Ab3 response in mice transgenic for the human CEA and tested whether the antigen tolerance could be overcome by fusing a recombinant single-chain variable fragment of 6G6.C4 (scFv6G6.C4) to the murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Like mAb 6G6.C4, the fusion protein (scFv6G6.C4/GM-CSF) retained binding to the CEA-specific idiotype mAb T84.66. Also, scFv6G6.C4/GM-CSF was biologically active as measured by proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent murine FDC-P1 cells in vitro. After immunization with the scFv6G6.C4/GM-CSF fusion protein, CEA-transgenic animals showed significantly enhanced Ab3 antibody responses to scFv6G6.C4 (P = 0.005) and to CEA (P = 0.012) compared with the scFV6G6.C4 alone. Sera from mice immunized with the fusion protein specifically recognized CEA in Western blot analyses with no cross-reaction to CEA-related antigens. Finally, the Ab3 antisera detected single CEA-expressing tumor cells in suspension as shown by flow cytometry. Taken together, these data show in a model antigenically related to the human system that vaccination with scFv6G6.C4/GM-CSF improves vaccination against an endogenous tumor-associated antigen resulting in a highly specific humoral Ab3 response in vivo that is capable of bind single circulating CEA-positive tumor cells.
Croton Oil in Delirium Tremens
Authors: J. Prankerd
Journal: BMJ (1846)

Background  The potential for natural environments to be salutogenic has received growing interest from epidemiologists, but there has been no critical examination of the extent to which associations between green space and health might vary according to the indicator of green space coverage used.  Methods  Three different indicators of green space coverage were derived for a set of 268 small areas in four cities within Britain. The indicators had different origins and provided a spectrum of sensitivity from larger spaces only, through to ambient greenery. Two indicators reproducible for anywhere in Europe were included. Agreement between the indicators on the quantity of green space in a small area, and their independent association with measures of mortality and self-reported morbidity, were compared.  Results  Overall, the indicators showed relatively close overall agreement (all r2>0.89, p  Conclusions  Associations between green space indicator and health were not sensitive to indicator origin and type. This raises the possibility of trans-European epidemiological studies. Larger green spaces may be the most important for health effects, but may also be less prevalent in more deprived areas.
Applications of arsine evolution methods to environmental analyses.
Authors: R S Braman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Because of its biological activity, arsenic is involved in an active global geochemical cycle. Arsenic has been found to be transferred to the atmosphere, at least in part, by evolution of trimethyl arsine and similar methyl arsenic compounds. Because of the environmental importance of the several arsenic forms [inorganic arsenic (III) and (V), methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsenic acid, trimethylarsine, methylarsine, and dimethylarsine], chemical methods for their analysis are needed. Sensitive methods are required because environmental concentrations encountered are generally in the range of 0.01 (or lower) to 3 ppb for natural waters and 1-6 ng As/m3 for arsenic in air. Arsine evolution by pH selective reduction permits specific analyses for inorganic As (III) and As (V). Methylarsenic acids may be reduced to corresponding methylarsines with sodium borohydride after which separation permits specific detection of these arsenic compounds. The most sensitive and selective methods combine reduction, separation, and emission type detectors. The intensity of arsenic atomic emission lines is observed. This type of detector provides a lower limit of detection down to 0.02 ng As per sample. The methods have been applied to a variety of environmental samples.
The Correlation Between Intestinal Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Proglucagon in Hyperlipidemic Rats and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) Rats
Authors: Li Wang, Jing Wu, Hongwei Cao, Rong Chen, Nanyan Zhang, Jianfang Fu, Bin Gao, Jing Zhang, Rongrong Hou, Chaowu Tang, Qiuhe Ji
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2009)
The relative contributions of recombination and mutation to the divergence of clones of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: E. J. Feil, M. C. Maiden, M. Achtman, B. G. Spratt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a recently developed nucleotide sequence-based method for the definitive assignment of isolates within bacterial populations to specific clones. MLST uses the same principles as multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and provides data that can be used to investigate aspects of the population genetics and evolution of bacterial species. We used an MLST data set consisting of the sequences of approximately 450-bp fragments from seven housekeeping loci from a large strain collection of Neisseria meningitidis to estimate the relative impact of recombination compared with point mutation in the diversification of N. meningitidis clonal complexes. 126 meningococcal isolates were assigned to 10 clonal complexes, 9 of which contained minor clonal variants. The allelic variation within each complex was classified as a recombinational exchange or a putative point mutation through a comparison of the sequences of each variant allele with that of the allele typically found in the clonal complex. The nine clonal complexes contained a total of 23 allelic variants, and analysis of the sequences of these variant alleles revealed that a single nucleotide site in a meningococcal housekeeping gene is at least 80-fold more likely to change as a result of recombination than as a result of mutation. This value is estimated to be 10-50-fold for Escherichia coli and approximately 50-fold for Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Allergy immunotherapy among Medicaid-enrolled children with allergic rhinitis: Patterns of care, resource use, and costs
Authors: Cheryl S. Hankin, Linda Cox, David Lang, Arthur Levin, Gary Gross, Gene Eavy, Eli Meltzer, Doug Burgoyne, Amy Bronstone, Zhaohui Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
7-Hydroxymethotrexate as a urinary metabolite in human subjects and rhesus monkeys receiving high dose methotrexate.
Authors: S A Jacobs, R G Stoller, B A Chabner, D G Johns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Human subjects and rhesus monkeys receiving the antitumor agent methotrexate at the high dose levels recently introduced into clinical use (greater than 50 mg/kg) excrete significant amounts of the metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate. The metabolite is not detected in these species after methotrexate therapy at conventional dose levels. The evidence indicates that in primates, the in vivo conversion of methotrexate to 7-hydroxymethotrexate is a dose-dependent phenomenon, with the enzyme system(s) catalyzing the reaction having a low affinity for the drug.
SERUM FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN 4 IS AN EARLY MARKER FOR ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Yoshiaki Ohyama, Tatsuya Iso, Kuniko Masuda, Shuntaro Tamura, Makoto Murata, Takafumi Iijima, Kosaku Goto, Ryuichi Funada, Norimichi Koitabashi, Noriaki Takama, Masashi Arai, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pentazocine and Agranulocytosis
Authors: ALAN MARKS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 March 1980Pentazocine and AgranulocytosisALAN MARKS, M.D., NEIL ABRAMSON, M.D.ALAN MARKS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NEIL ABRAMSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-433_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Adverse reactions to drugs are an important cause of hospital-acquired illness, occurring in 10% to 18% of medical patients (1) and producing fatality rates of up to 13%. Drug-induced neutropenia or agranulocytosis has been associated with many types of drugs and often is associated with a fatal outcome. Recently Hoppin and colleagues (2) described three cases of pentazocine-related agranulocytosis. All of their cases occurred in patients with previously injured bone marrows but with normal peripheral granulocyte counts before this phenomenon.We wish to present an additional case of pentazocine-induced agranulocytosis, but one that occurred without a previous...References1. CARANASOSSTEWARTCLUFF GRL. Drug-induced illness leading to hospitalization. JAMA. 1974;228:713-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HOPPINGREENBERGWALTER EBR. Agranulocytosis secondary to pentazocine therapy. Arch Intern Med. 1978;138:533-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ARNEBORNPALMBLAD PJ. Drug-induced neutropenia in the Stockholm region, 1973-1975: frequency and causes. Acta Med Scand. 1978;204:283-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WILLIAMSLYNCHCARTWRIGHT DRG. Drug-induced aplastic anemia. Semin Hematol. 1973;10:195-223. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. PISCIOTTA V. Drug-induced agranulocytosis. Drugs. 1978;15:132-43. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Florida Jacksonville, FL 32209 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMetamizole: reassessment of its therapeutic roleLeukozytopenien — AgranulozytoseOpioid analgesics and narcotic antagonists 1 March 1980Volume 92, Issue 3Page: 433-433KeywordsAdverse reactionsBone marrowDrugsGranulocytesNeutropenia Issue Published: 1 March 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
High Levels of Transduction of Human Dendritic Cells with Optimized SIV Vectors
Authors: Philippe-Emmanuel Mangeot, Karine Duperrier, Didier Nègre, Bertrand Boson, Dominique Rigal, François-Loıc Cosset, Jean-Luc Darlix
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

As major antigen-presenting cells and effectors in the maintenance of tolerance, dendritic cells (DCs) are key cells of the immune system and can thus be envisioned to have roles in immunotherapy strategies. We, and others, previously showed that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-derived lentiviral vectors were able to deliver a gene into human differentiated DCs. We describe here the upgrading of the SIV vector system and the improvements of the transduction protocol, which allowed us to transduce more than 90% of human monocyte-derived DCs. We developed new SIV lentiviral vectors carrying SIV splice regulatory elements and either the woodchuck hepatitis virus regulatory element (WPRE) or the murine phosphoglycerate-kinase 1 (PGK) promoter. We show that insertion of the WPRE in the SIV vector is detrimental to gene transfer in DCs, while this sequence increases transgene expression in 293T cells. Using an optimized SIV vector, high levels of transgene expression were obtained in more than 30% of human DCs at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, and close to 100% using a MOI of 20. VSV-G pseudotyped vectors generated with only gag, pol, tat, and rev helper functions failed to transduce DCs. This defect was completely rescued when the SIV accessory gene vpx was provided in trans in vector-producing cells. Genetically modified DCs were shown to behave as bona fide DCs in both allogenic and autologous mixed leukocyte reactions. These findings allow us to propose an optimal system for efficient and safe DC transduction with improved SIV vectors.
Social deprivation and prognostic benefits of cardiac surgery: observational study of 44 902 patients from five hospitals over 10 years
Authors: D Pagano, N Freemantle, B Bridgewater, N Howell, D Ray, M Jackson, B M Fabri, J Au, D Keenan, B Kirkup, B E Keogh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of social deprivation on survival after cardiac surgery and to examine the influence of potentially modifiable risk factors. <b>Design</b> Analysis of prospectively collected data. Prognostic models used to examine the additional effect of social deprivation on the end points. <b>Setting</b> Birmingham and north west England. <b>Participants</b> 44 902 adults undergoing cardiac surgery, 1997-2007. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Social deprivation with census based 2001 Carstairs scores. All cause mortality in hospital and at mid-term follow-up. <b>Results</b> In hospital mortality for all cardiac procedures was 3.25% and mid-term follow-up (median 1887 days; range 1180-2725 days) mortality was 12.4%. Multivariable analysis identified social deprivation as an independent predictor of mid-term mortality (hazard ratio 1.024, 95% confidence interval 1.015 to 1.033; P&lt;0.001). Smoking (P&lt;0.001), body mass index (BMI, P&lt;0.001), and diabetes (P&lt;0.001) were associated with social deprivation. Smoking at time of surgery (1.294, 1.191 to 1.407, P&lt;0.001) and diabetes (1.305, 1.217 to 1.399, P&lt;0.001) were independent predictors of mid-term mortality. The relation between BMI and mid-term mortality was non-linear and risks were higher in the extremes of BMI (P&lt;0.001). Adjustment for smoking, BMI, and diabetes reduced but did not eliminate the effects of social deprivation on mid-term mortality (1.017, 1.007 to 1.026, P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions</b> Smoking, extremes of BMI, and diabetes, which are potentially modifiable risk factors associated with social deprivation, are responsible for a significant reduction in survival after surgery, but even after adjustment for these variables social deprivation remains a significant independent predictor of increased risk of mortality.
Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the pulmonary venous pathway after the Mustard or Senning procedure for transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: J F Smallhorn, R Gow, R M Freedom, G A Trusler, P Olley, M Pacquet, J Gibbons, P Vlad
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Pulsed Doppler evaluation of pulmonary venous flow was performed in three groups of patients who had undergone either a Mustard or Senning procedure. Group I consisted of 43 patients in sinus rhythm who had undergone the Mustard procedure 9 months or more before the Doppler examination and 16 who were evaluated immediately after surgery. Group II consisted of 12 patients in sinus rhythm who had undergone the Senning procedure 9 months or more before the Doppler evaluation. Group III consisted of eight patients with mid baffle obstruction of the pulmonary venous atrium and seven with isolated stenosis of the pulmonary vein of which all but one had previously had associated mid baffle obstruction. In those without obstruction, the pulmonary venous flow pattern mirrored the left atrial pressure trace, with peak forward flow occurring during the x and y descent. Obstruction produced a specific high-velocity turbulent pattern, whether at the mid baffle or pulmonary venous level. This technique provides reliable noninvasive information about pulmonary venous flow after the Mustard or Senning procedure.
Diverticulitis of the right colon--experience from Hong Kong.
Authors: N I Markham, A K Li
Journal: Gut (1992)

Diverticulitis affects the right side of the colon more commonly than the left side in the Far East. A consecutive series of 35 patients (mean age 44 years) with right sided diverticulitis seen at this hospital is presented. All had localised pain in the right iliac fossa but systemic upset was uncommon. All but one were thought to have acute appendicitis. Thirty one were explored through a right iliac fossa incision but in more than half this had to be closed and a full laparotomy performed. A correct diagnosis was then made at the time of surgery in 28 (80%). Five patients underwent simple diverticulectomy, the remainder having a right hemicolectomy. On histological analysis most (26) had a single false diverticulum. All patients made a satisfactory recovery from surgery.