tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics and Livestock
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Severe coughing and pneumoperitoneum.
Authors: K M Hillman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Severe coughing and pneumoperitoneumCoughing and straining have been suggested as contributing to the formation of subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumothorax in adults and children with and without underlying lung disease.1-4Severe and protracted coughing, however, has not previously been associated with pneumoperitoneum.I describe a patient with subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum in whom coughing may have had a causative role. Case reportA 23-year-old man presented to casualty complaining of feeling wheezy after having inhaled copper soldering flux fumes.He was examined, reassured, and sent home.Twelve hours later he returned complaining of dyspnoea and a severe, dry, non-productive cough.Clinically the chest was overinflated with poor bilateral expansion and widespread wheezing.The abdomen was distended but no discrete masses or organs were palpable.An intravenous injection of aminophylline was given followed by an aminophylline infusion, and amoxycillin was started.Chest radiography showed subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum (figure).The subcutaneous emphysema worsened until it eventually almost closed both eyes.Salbutamol 2 mg thrice daily by mouth was started.Over the next few days the coughing decreased, his chest improved, and the pneumoperitoneum resolved.The subcutaneous emphysema slowly disappeared and he was discharged free of symptoms one week after admission.Chest radiograph showing subcutaneous emphysema, media- stinal emphysema, and pneumoperitoneum.
ENHANCED CIRCULATING SOLUBLE LR11 AFTER CORONARY STENTING, A NOVEL MARKER OF SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL MIGRATION IN RESPONSE TO VASCULAR INJURY
Authors: Manabu Ogita, Katsumi Miyauchi, Meizi Jiang, Shuta Tsuboi, Ryo Naito, Hirokazu Konishi, Tomotaka Dohi, Takatoshi Kasai, Hideaki Bujo, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Decreased alveolarization in baboon survivors with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Authors: J J Coalson, V Winter, R A deLemos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In this study, 12 male baboons were delivered by hysterotomy at 75% of gestation. The development of a nonlethal baboon model permitted a study of lung growth and development in long-term survivors. Control animals were ventilated with clinically appropriate oxygen for the 21 d study period. BPD animals were ventilated with PPV and an FIO2 of 1.0 for 7 d, followed by an FIO2 of 0.8 for 14 d. They survived for 33 wk, at which time a right lower lobe lobectomy was performed. Controls showed normal well-alveolated lungs, whereas BPD lungs showed enlarged airspaces focally, nonclassifiable as alveoli, alveolar ducts, or respiratory bronchioles. Volume densities of alveoli were decreased significantly (p = 0.0009), and enlarged airspaces were significantly increased (p = 0.0003) in the BPD group compared with controls. Alveolar counts verified a significant decrease in alveoli (p = 0.004), and the internal surface area was significantly decreased (p = 0.05) in BPD treated animals compared with controls. These data document that a mild to moderate BPD lesion results in a significant and permanent loss of alveoli and a significant increase in enlarged, unclassifiable airspaces, which together result in a decreased total internal surface area in baboons that survive with their disease.
Assessment of ALK Status by FISH on 1000 Spanish Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Joana Vidal, Sergi Clavé, Silvia de Muga, Iria González, Lara Pijuan, Javier Gimeno, Jordi Remón, Noemí Reguart, Nuria Viñolas, Regina Gironés, Laia Bernet, Margarita Majem, Joaquim Bosch-Barrera, Rut Porta, Nieves Alonso, Ramón Palmero, Álvaro Taus, Joan Albanell, Blanca Espinet, Marta Salido, Edurne Arriola
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Thromboembolic events in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BFM protocols): prednisone versus dexamethasone administration
Authors: Ulrike Nowak-Göttl, Elvira Ahlke, Gudrun Fleischhack, Dirk Schwabe, Rosmarie Schobess, Christiane Schumann, Ralf Junker
Journal: Blood (2003)
Hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, low-density lipoprotein receptor function, and plasma and fecal sterol levels in mice: Effects of apolipoprotein E deficiency and probucol or phytosterol treatment
Authors: Mohammed H. Moghadasian, Lien B. Nguyen, Sarah Shefer, Gerald Salen, Ashok K. Batta, Jiri J. Frohlich
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
365. Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Genetic Conversion to the Fanconi Anemia Phenotype
Authors: Beiqing Pan, Christopher E. Walsh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the progressive bone marrow failure, developmental anomalies and cancer susceptibility. Twelve distinct FA complementation groups have been identified (A–C, D1, D2, E–G, I, J, L, M) and 11 cDNAs cloned. A current working model proposes that eight FA proteins (A, B, C, E, F, G, L and M) assemble to form a multi-protein nuclear complex, involved the repair of damaged DNA. The FA complex facilitates the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein following exposure to DNA damaging agents. Ubiquinated FANCD2 co-localizes with the key DNA repair proteins RAD51, BRCA2 (know as FANCD1), BRCA1, and FANCJ (BACH1) to promote homologous recombination. The hallmark of FA patients is marrow failure due to defective hematopoietic stem cells. The study of human FA stem cell biology is severely restricted due to the few CD34+ cells that can be isolated from FA patients compared with normal individuals. We set out to create a reusable source of human FA hematopoietic cells by introducing small double strand RNA species to ablate specific FA gene function in human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Human ES cells can then differentiate into human CD34+ cells to investigate human FA hematopoiesis. FANCD2-specific small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were designed and cloned into a self-inactivated lentiviral vector with a GFP cDNA. High titer virus (2×108 iu/ml) was used for transduction of the hESC line H1. FACS sorted hESC-FANCD2 clones were tested. FANCD2 protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting; FANCD2 shRNA targeted cells expressed 1–2% of the FANCD2 protein compared with control (mock transduced or scrambled shRNA) H1 cells. Functional assessment of the hESC-FANCD2 was performed by incubation with DNA cross-linking agent, mitomycin C (MMC). The hESC-FANCD2 cells were nearly 20 times more sensitive to MMC than untreated or scrambled shRNA ES cells. The effective dose 50 (ED50) of MMC required to induce apoptosis was only 5 ng/ml in hESC-FANCD2 cells compared with 80 ng/ml in mock- infected of scrambled shRNA controls. The expected cytogenetic aberrations were identified in hESC-FAND2 but not control cells confirming the FA phenotype. Differentiation of hESC-FANCD2 cells through a blastocyst intermediate produced a small but discrete number of CD34+/c-kit+ cells that form hematopoietic colonies in methylcellulose culture. In conclusion, we have successfully converted, using shRNAs, hESC H1 cells into cells exhibit the FA phenotype. Generation of hESC-FANCD2 cells provides a ready source of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors and a powerful tool for investigation of FA hematopoiesis. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the genetic conversion of hESCs into a disease phenotype.
Gene delivery using human cord blood–derived CD34+cells into inflamed glomeruli in NOD/SCID mice
Authors: Takashi Yokoo, Toya Ohashi, Yasunori Utsunomiya, Aikou Okamoto, Takahide Suzuki, Jin Song Shen, Tadao Tanaka, Tetsuya Kawamura, Tatsuo Hosoya
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
SSPE incidence, therapy receive renewed attention
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The national registry for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), which contains information on about 600 patients so far, now is located at the Medical College of Georgia, Augusta. Physicians with data for the registry can contact Paul R. Dyken, MD, professor of pediatric neurology, or coordinator Patricia Shmunes at (404) 828-3374. At the moment, the registry is sponsored by the Bureau of Biologics of the Food and Drug Administration under a three-year, $73,895 contract. Recognized as a distinct clinical entity since 1933, SSPE appears to be a relatively rare, progressive CNS disease of the young. The disease usually is insidious The in onset, often beginning with subtle changes in personality, behavior, and perhaps mentation. (Some investigators speculate that the prognosis might be more favorable if these changes were recognized and brought to a specialist's attention earlier.) With time, SSPE usually produces increasing mental and motor dysfunction, eventually leading to seizures, loss of
Does This Adult Patient Have Septic Arthritis?
Authors: Mary E. Margaretten, Jeffrey Kohlwes, Dan Moore, Stephen Bent
Journal: JAMA (2007)

In patients who present with an acutely painful and swollen joint, prompt identification and treatment of septic arthritis can substantially reduce morbidity and mortality.To review the accuracy and precision of the clinical evaluation for the diagnosis of nongonococcal bacterial arthritis.Structured PubMed and EMBASE searches (1966 through January 2007), limited to human, English-language articles and using the following Medical Subject Headings terms: arthritis, infectious, physical examination, medical history taking, diagnostic tests, and sensitivity and specificity.Studies were included if they contained original data on the accuracy or precision of historical items, physical examination, serum, or synovial fluid laboratory data for diagnosing septic arthritis.Three authors independently abstracted data from the included studies.Fourteen studies involving 6242 patients, of whom 653 met the gold standard for the diagnosis of septic arthritis, satisfied all inclusion criteria. Two studies examined risk factors and found that age, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, joint surgery, hip or knee prosthesis, skin infection, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection significantly increase the probability of septic arthritis. Joint pain (sensitivity, 85%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 78%-90%), a history of joint swelling (sensitivity, 78%; 95% CI, 71%-85%), and fever (sensitivity, 57%; 95% CI, 52%-62%) are the only findings that occur in more than 50% of patients. Sweats (sensitivity, 27%; 95% CI, 20%-34%) and rigors (sensitivity, 19%; 95% CI, 15%-24%) are less common findings in septic arthritis. Of all laboratory findings readily available to the clinician, the 2 most powerful were the synovial fluid white blood cell (WBC) count and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells from arthrocentesis. The summary likelihood ratio (LR) increased as the synovial fluid WBC count increased (for counts <25,000/microL: LR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.23-0.43; for counts > or =25,000/microL: LR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5-3.4; for counts >50,000/microL: LR, 7.7; 95% CI, 5.7-11.0; and for counts >100,000/microL: LR, 28.0; 95% CI, 12.0-66.0). On the same synovial fluid sample, a polymorphonuclear cell count of at least 90% suggests septic arthritis with an LR of 3.4 (95% CI, 2.8-4.2), while a polymorphonuclear cell count of less than 90% lowers the likelihood (LR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.25-0.47).Clinical findings identify patients with peripheral, monoarticular arthritis who might have septic arthritis. However, the synovial WBC and percentage of polymorphonuclear cells from arthrocentesis are required to assess the likelihood of septic arthritis before the Gram stain and culture test results are known.
Health Issues for Minority Adolescents
Authors: S. Bhate
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Marjorie Kagawa-Singer, Phyllis A Katz, Dalmas A Taylor, Judith H M Vanderryn University of Nebraska Press, £32.95, pp 273 ISBN 0 8032 2732 9

The subject of adolescent health is complex and far reaching, and there is a lack of systematic data. I was therefore not surprised that the contributors to Health Issues for Minority Adolescents had difficulty in obtaining statistics to answer the questions raised by the book—what is health, and how can we design strategies to deal with the problems of adolescent health or ill health?

Poverty is an important factor. The book is based on findings in the United States, where 90% of persistently poor children are black and live in …
MEK4 Function, Genistein Treatment, and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Xu, Yongzeng Ding, William J. Catalona, Ximing J. Yang, Wayne F. Anderson, Borko Jovanovic, Kenji Wellman, Jaqueline Killmer, Xiaoke Huang, Karl A. Scheidt, R. Bruce Montgomery, Raymond C. Bergan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Dietary intake of genistein by patients with prostate cancer has been associated with decreased metastasis and mortality. Genistein blocks activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and thus inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression and cell invasion in cultured cells and inhibits metastasis of human prostate cancer cells in mice. We investigated the target for genistein in prostate cancer cells.Prostate cell lines PC3-M, PC3, 1532NPTX, 1542NPTX, 1532CPTX, and 1542CPTX were used. All cell lines were transiently transfected with a constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MEK4) expression vector (to increase MEK4 expression), small interfering RNA against MEK4 (to decrease MEK4 expression), or corresponding control constructs. Cell invasion was assessed by a Boyden chamber assay. Gene expression was assessed by a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was assessed by Western blot analysis. Modeller and AutoDock programs were used for modeling of the structure of MEK4 protein and ligand docking, respectively. MMP-2 transcript levels were assessed in normal prostate epithelial cells from 24 patients with prostate cancer from a phase II randomized trial comparing genistein treatment with no treatment. Statistical significance required a P value of .050 or less. All statistical tests were two-sided.Overexpression of MEK4 increased MMP-2 expression and cell invasion in all six cell lines. Decreased MEK4 expression had the opposite effects. Modeling showed that genistein bound to the active site of MEK4. Genistein inhibited MEK4 kinase activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.40 microM (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.36 to 0.45 muM). The MMP-2 transcript level in normal prostate epithelial cells was statistically significantly higher in the untreated group (100%) than in the genistein-treated group (24%; difference = 76%, 95% CI = 38% to 115%; P = .045).We identified MEK4 as a proinvasion protein in six human prostate cancer cell lines and the target for genistein. We showed, to our knowledge for the first time, that genistein treatment, compared with no treatment, was associated with decreased levels of MMP-2 transcripts in normal prostate cells from prostate cancer-containing tissue.
Biodegradable implant composites for local therapy
Authors: Isao Kaetsu, Masaru Yoshida, Masaharu Asano, Hidetoshi Yamanaka, Koichi Imai, Hisako Yuasa, Toru Mashimo, Keiji Suzuki, Ryoichi Katakai, Masanao Oya
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1987)
From Lichtheim to Rich Club
Authors: Edward Bullmore, Petra Vértes
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Histamine phosphate has a cumulative effect when inhaled at five minute intervals.
Authors: C Tremblay, I Lemire, H Ghezzo, L Pineau, R R Martin, A Cartier, J L Malo
Journal: Thorax (1984)

As the duration of bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled histamine phosphate is greater than five minutes, a study was carried out to determine whether this leads to a cumulative effect when histamine is inhaled at five minute intervals as in standardised procedures. Fourteen clinically stable adult asthmatic subjects were studied. In the first part of the study (the noncumulative stage) they inhaled doubling concentrations of histamine until appreciable bronchoconstriction occurred (changes close to 50% in lung resistance for seven subjects and 15% in forced expiratory volume in one second for seven others). After functional recovery the last concentration of histamine was nebulised on two more occasions, allowing for functional recovery after each nebulisation. In the second part of the study (the cumulative stage) subjects inhaled, depending on their responsiveness, three to eight consecutive doses of the histamine concentration last administered in the non-cumulative stage, these doses being administered at five minute intervals, without recovery. The cumulative effect was assessed by linear regression analysis of the changes in the specific functional indices, all the values obtained during the non-cumulative stage being given the score 0 and those obtained during the cumulative step scores of 1, 2, etc. In all but one instance significant (p less than 0.01) correlations were obtained and the slopes were positive, thus showing a cumulative effect. It is concluded that histamine has a cumulative bronchoconstrictor effect if inhaled at five minute intervals once appreciable bronchoconstriction has been reached.
PTU-002 Ercp Cannulation; Evaluation Of A Wire-led Technique For Biliary Access In A Training Centre
Authors: C Shekhar, S Shetty, NC Fisher
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> A range of techniques have been described to achieve successful cannulation at ERCP, and when training in ERCP it is often difficult to select the optimum approach<sup>.1</sup> There are potential advantages to a wire-led approach and we have evaluated this in our unit in a training setting. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate cannulation success rates for trainers and trainees using a wire-led technique as the default approach. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective evaluation was done with 2 experienced trainers and 2 trainees (previous experience of 50–100 ERCPs each). The sphincterotome was pre-loaded with a hydrophilic wire (in limited cases loop tip wire was used) and cannulation started with the wire extending 3–5 mm out of cannula. Attempts were then made to advance the wire deep into the bile duct before injecting any contrast or pushing the cannula through the ampulla. Trainees were allowed 6 min for cannulation attempts. If the wire-led approach failed then other techniques were used. Wire-led cannulation was considered successful only if no other techniques were required. Only cases with a ‘virgin ampulla’ were including in this study. <h3>Results</h3> 85 cases were included over a 4 month period. Trainees were present in 51/85 (60%) cases. Overall biliary cannulation success was 78/85 (92%). Success rate was 45/51 (88%) if a trainee was present and 33/34 (97%), if no trainee was present. Independent success for trainees was 25/51 (49%), mostly using the wire-led technique (21/25) 84%. In cases where a trainer took over from a trainee, the wire-led approach was still successful in 13/26 (50%). Overall success with the wire-led approach alone was 57/85(67%); other approaches used in remaining cases included pre-cut sphincterotomy, locked PD wire, and PD stent. A peri-ampullary diverticulum was the most common cause for failure of wire-led technique; other common causes included stricture, floppy ampulla, or an impacted stone. Median cannulation time was 6.5 min (IQR 4–10 min) overall and 5 min (IQR 3–10 min) for consultant-only cases. Immediate complications included false passage of wire (1 case, no further clinical events) and late complications: post ERCP pancreatitis (1 case, hospital stay 3 days, no further clinical events). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Wire-led biliary cannulation, with selective usage of additional techniques, may allow a cannulation rate of &gt;90% in cases with a virgin ampulla. The technique appears to be a useful training tool and has a low complication rate. <h3>Reference</h3> Gastrointest Endoscopy <i>Clin N Am</i> 2012 Jul;22(3):417–34 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Evaluation of the Ephedrine Test
Authors: D. LeRoy Crandell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article "Evaluation of Ephedrine Test" inThe Journal(<b>183</b>:782-783 [March 2] 1963) makes certain inaccurate conclusions as to the clinical value of this test. This evaluation of the "ephedrine response test" is not a well-controlled, statistically significant study. Therefore, accurate conclusions cannot be made with this method of evaluation. The premise that a positive response to ephedrine with subsequent hypotension during anesthesia constitutes a false positive test is a questionable assumption. There are a variety of etiological factors associated with hypotension during anesthesia. It is well known that there is a more frequent incidence of hypotension associated with halothane than with cyclopropane, particularly when administered by individuals in various stages of training. The opposite premise that a negative response to ephedrine without subsequent hypotension during anesthesia constitutes a false negative test is equally questionable. A false negative test may result from a reflex baroreceptor influence.