tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>The Medical Letter</i>in<i>JAMA</i>
Authors: Gianna Zuccotti, Edward H. Livingston
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lack of care plan led to woman's murder by disturbed patient
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The lack of a coordinated aftercare plan and poor communication between three health authorities and a specialist psychiatric service for deaf people contributed to the murder of a 57 year old woman by a mentally ill deaf teenager, the report of an independent inquiry team concluded this week. Eighteen year old Daniel Joseph murdered Carla Thompson, who had given him a home, in January 1998.

Mr Joseph, who is currently detained in Broadmoor for the killing, has a bipolar disorder and is also profoundly deaf and can communicate only through sign language.

At the time of the killing he was under the care of the National Deaf Service, a specialist psychiatric service for deaf people covering southern England. The service had been responsible for his care since 1996, when he was a voluntary …
Alpha atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in plasma of children with congenital heart and pulmonary diseases.
Authors: R E Lang, T Unger, D Ganten, J Weil, F Bidlingmaier, D Dohlemann
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Les taux plasmatiques de ce peptide sont nettement superieurs a la normale chez 4 nourrissons atteints de dysplasie bronchopulmonaire et chez 10 nourrissons et enfants presentant differentes cardiopathies congenitales s'accompagnant de pressions elevees auriculaires et de distension des oreillettes
In Vivo Restoration of Physiological Levels of Truncated TrkB.T1 Receptor Rescues Neuronal Cell Death in a Trisomic Mouse Model
Authors: Susan G. Dorsey, Cynthia L. Renn, Laura Carim-Todd, Colleen A. Barrick, Linda Bambrick, Bruce K. Krueger, Christopher W. Ward, Lino Tessarollo
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Mottled Areas of Intra-abdominal Calcification
Authors: Kook Sang Oh
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Robert J. Cihak: This case is being presented for discussion of the roentgenograms without benefit of a clinical history, except that the patient is a 60-year-old man. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Here is a challenge for you, Dr. Janower. Dr. Murray L. Janower: The posteroanterior and lateral views of the chest reveal evidence of chronic lung disease and a remote fracture of the left clavicle. There are mottled punctuate calcifications in the upper portion of the abdomen varying in size from pin-head to about 7 mm (Fig 1). The calcifications are most prominent in the right upper quadrant but do extend across the midline at the level of the second lumbar vertebral body. The spleen and retroperitoneal structures are normal. The lateral view of the abdomen shows the calcifications to be farther anteriorly than one would expect for renal, adrenal, or, more likely, pancreatic calcification. The rest of
CNS transplant utility may surive even their hasty clinical application
Authors: Manuel Nieto-Sampedro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Neural cell transplants have been introduced in clinical practice during the last decade with mixed results, encouraged by success with simple animal models. This commentary is a reminder that although the ideas and techniques of transplantation appear simple, the variables involved in host-transplant integration still require further study. The field may benefit from a concerted, multidisciplinary approach.
Uremic Neuritis and the Autonomic System
Authors: H. Richard Tyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Only 20 years ago recognition of peripheral nerve damage in uremic disorders was nonexistent. With increasing ability to maintain patients with renal failure, recognition of peripheral nerve damage became more and more frequent. There is the clinical impression that early dialysis will prevent a disabling paralytic neuropathy from developing. The severe neuropathies, once established, are relatively refractory to dialysis and can be quite disabling. Of some interest is the observation that they will usually improve after transplantation, suggesting that, at least in terms of the neural disorder, dialysis is not the ultimate answer. Though the exact relation and pathogenesis of . . .
Effect of ileal infusion of glycochenodeoxycholic acid on segmental transit, motility, and flow in the human jejunum and ileum.
Authors: R Penagini, R C Spiller, J J Misiewicz, P G Frost
Journal: Gut (1989)

The hypothesis that the presence of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDC) in the human Ileal bile acid concentrations showed a 54.0 (9.3)% absorption of glycochenodeoxycholic acid by the been tested in healthy volunteers. Mean transit times, flow rates and intraluminal pressures in a 40 cm jejunal segment proximal (n = 6) and a 40 cm ileal segment distal (n = 6) to a GCDC infusion port were measured. During GCDC infusion (60 mumol/min) jejunal and ileal transit were markedly (p less than 0.05) delayed (31.6 (7.7), mean (SEM) v 14.5 (3.8) min and 37.0 (5.7) v 21.0 (3.5) min, respectively), segment volumes increased (141.1 (30.2) v 59.2 (9.9) ml and 173.2 (26.3) v 83.9 (9.5) ml; p less than 0.05), while flow rates did not change significantly (4.6 (0.6) v 4.5 (0.6) ml/min and 4.8 (0.5) v 4.2 (0.3) ml/min, respectively). Ileal pressures (distal to the GCDC infusion port) decreased (p less than 0.05) promptly (1.0 (0.1) min) after the start of GCDC infusion. Inhibition of jejunal motility was more gradual and reached significance (p less than 0.05) only 30 min after beginning of the infusion. Ileal bile acid concentrations showed a 54.0 (9.3)% absorption of glycochenodeoxycholic acid by the 40 cm ileal segment. These observations suggest the existence of an intestinal control mechanism in healthy man, whereby presence of glycochenodeoxycholic acid in the ileum inhibits motility and delays transit in the jejunum and ileum.
REMARKS UPON THE PNEUMOTOXIN
Authors: A. Macfadyen
Journal: BMJ (1906)

THE pneumococcus is an important agent in the produc- tion of disease in the human subject.It is the most frequent cause of acate lobar pneumonia, having been found in about 80 to 90 per cent. of the cases examined.The organism likewise invades the pleura and the blood, and appears in the bile, urine, milk, etc., whilst pneumococcal infections outside the respiratory tract are constantly met with-for example, in meningitis, peri- tonitis, pericarditis, endocarditis, otitis, conjunctivitis, etc.The organism is also one of the exciting causes in the forms of acute catarrh clinically grouped as influenza."The pneumococci, in the variety of morbid conditions they are capable of producing, resemble a kindred group of micro-organisms-the streptococci.
Inhibitory effect of unconjugated bile acids on the intestinal transport of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in rat jejunum in vitro.
Authors: H M Said, D Hollander, W B Strum
Journal: Gut (1984)

The effect of the unconjugated bile acids, cholic, deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids, and of the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid on the mucosal-to-serosal transport and tissue uptake of the naturally occurring folate derivative, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-CH3H4PteGlu) was examined in everted sacs of rat jejunum. Each of the unconjugated bile acids examined inhibited the transport and tissue uptake of 5-CH3H4PteGlu in a concentration dependent manner. At low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM) of cholic and deoxycholic acids, no structural or functional damage to the intestinal mucosa occurred and the transport of 5-CH3H4PteGlu was inhibited competitively with Ki values of 0.114 mM and 0.055 mM for cholic and deoxycholic acids, respectively. The greater inhibition of 5-CH3H4PteGlu transport by unconjugated bile acids at 1 mM can be attributed to observed structural and functional damage to the intestinal mucosa. The addition of 2 mM lecithin to the mucosal medium failed to prevent the inhibitory effect of 0.1 mM deoxycholic acid on the transport of 0.5 microM 5-CH3H4PteGlu. Compared with the effect of unconjugated bile acids, the conjugated bile acid taurocholic acid (0.01-5 mM) showed no effect on the transport and tissue uptake of 5-CH3H4PteGlu. The results of this study show that intestinal transport and tissue uptake of 5-CH3H4PteGlu are inhibited by unconjugated bile acids in a dose-dependent fashion. The clinical and physiological implications of these observations are discussed.
Insulin injections and infections.
Authors: P G Swift, J R Hearnshaw
Journal: BMJ (1981)

people with this high genetic risk of renal cell carcinoma may not confer any practical therapeutic advantage as only bilateral neph- rectomy would reduce the risk to zero.However, the diagnosis of this predisposition to renal cell carcinoma could be made in the fetus by cytogenetic analysis of amniotic cells, thus allowing decisions to be made concerning termination of the pregnancy and elimination of this chromosomal aberration and its consequences for the pedigree.
Hazardous solid waste from domestic wastewater treatment plants.
Authors: W M Harrington
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The treatment of liquid wastes in municipal sewage treatment plants creates significant quantities of solid residue for disposal. The potential hazard from these wastes requires that their characteristics be determined accurately to develop environmentally sound management criteria. It is readily recognized that the sludge characteristics vary with the type and degree of industrial activity within a wastewater collection system and that these characteristics play a significant role in determining whether the material has potential for beneficial reuse or if it must be directed to final disposal. This paper offers an overview of past and present practices of sewage sludge disposal, an indication of quantities produced, and experience with beneficial reuse. An estimated range of costs involved, expected environmental effects and potential for continued use is offered for each disposal or reuse system discussed.
Fever in the older infant.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The normal oral or rectal temperature is about 37-50G (99.50F) and the normal axillary (skin) temperature 3700'C (98-40F).If the temperature is 05'C0 above these levels the infant has a fever.In the prodromal period of !2 ~~any infectious disease of childhood fever may be the only symptom. :ausesTonsillitis-Ther'e may be small areas of pus on the tonsils or the throat may be generally r*ed.The presence of pus does not help to distinguish between bacterial infection due to group A streptococcus (Str pyogens) and a viral infection.Petechiae on the soft palate usually indicate a viral infection.A throat swab should be taken and a 10-day course of oral penicillin given.
Contribution of Local Renin-Angiotensin System to Cardiac Hypertrophy, Phenotypic Modulation, and Remodeling in TGR(mRen2)27 Transgenic Rats
Authors: Kensuke Ohta, Shokei Kim, Hideki Wanibuchi, Detlev Ganten, Hiroshi Iwao
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The transgenic rat TGR(mRen2)27, carrying the mouse Ren-2 gene, is a new model to elucidate the role of the local renin-angiotensin system in vivo. However, the role of the local renin-angiotensin system in the heart remains to be determined in TGR(mRen2)27.TGR(mRen2)27 were treated with various antihypertensive drugs for 6 weeks to examine the effects on cardiac hypertrophy and gene expression. Cardiac mRNAs were examined by Northern blot analysis. In TGR(mRen2)27, left ventricular hypertrophy was associated with a decrease in alpha-myosin heavy chain expression of 31% and an increase in skeletal alpha-actin and atrial natriuretic polypeptide expression by 2.6- and 21-fold, respectively (P < .05), thereby showing the shift of myocardium to a fetal phenotype. Furthermore, cardiac collagen and laminin expressions were increased in TGR(mRen2)27 (P < .05), suggesting the occurrence of cardiac remodeling. Although treatment of TGR(mRen2)27 with a high dose of TCV-116 (angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist) or manidipine (calcium antagonist) combined with atenolol (beta 1-adrenergic receptor blocker) completely normalized blood pressure, TCV-116 regressed cardiac hypertrophy and suppressed the changes in cardiac mRNA levels of TGR(mRen2)27 much more potently than manidipine with atenolol. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of a low dose of TCV-116 on cardiac hypertrophy and altered gene expressions of TGR(mRen2)27 were greater than those of doxazosin (alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blocker) combined with atenolol, despite their similar hypotensive effects.Our present observations provide evidence that the cardiac renin-angiotensin system in TGR(mRen2)27 is responsible for cardiac hypertrophy, phenotypic modulation, and remodeling.
SOCS1 cooperates with FLT3-ITD in the development of myeloproliferative disease by promoting the escape from external cytokine control
Authors: Pavankumar N. G. Reddy, Bülent Sargin, Chunaram Choudhary, Stefan Stein, Manuel Grez, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Hubert Serve, Christian H. Brandts
Journal: Blood (2012)
Regulated Expression of the Human Mutant ras Gene After Transfection of BALB/c Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells
Authors: K. R. Harewood, D. S. Wilson, R. C. Higdon, K. E. Tsaparikos
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Four continuous cell lines constructed by transfecting BALB/c mouse fibroblast cells with an expression system that has the mutant c-Ha-ras gene under control of a truncated version of the mouse metallothionein-1 (mt-1) promoter were characterized for zinc-induced phenotype switching. These cells were selected for transformation in the presence of zinc, a known inducer of the mt-1 promoter. When the transfected cells were grown in medium depleted of zinc, there was a dramatic reduction in their soft agar cloning efficiency. Adding zinc back to the medium restored the transformed phenotype in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of the intracellular p21 levels of induced and uninduced cells showed that zinc was modulating the expression of the transfected ras gene. In vivo studies done with syngeneic mice showed that zinc-induced cells were tumorigenic and formed metastatic lesions in the lungs of the inoculated animals.
OC-031 Relaxin Modulates Cirrhosis-induced Renal Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: VK Snowdon, PWF Hadoke, W Mungall, A Thomson, T Kendall, D Webb, JP Iredale, JA Fallowfield
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a feared complication of cirrhosis characterised by intense renal vasoconstriction. The pathophysiology remains unclear, pharmacotherapy is limited and mortality is high. We investigated vascular responsiveness and the pathogenesis of renal vasoconstriction in models of advanced rat cirrhosis. Additionally,we determined the mechanism of action of the vasoactive peptide relaxin (RLN), previously shown to increase renal blood flow (RBF) in experimental cirrhosis (Snowdon V <i><i>et al</i></i>., <i>BSG</i> 2013). <h3>Methods</h3> We induced cirrhosis,reduced RBF and renal dysfunction in male SD rats by carbon tetrachloride (16 wk) or bile duct ligation (4 wk). Arteries from renal (renal, segmental, interlobar) and splanchnic circulation were isolated for functional assessment using wire myography. qPCR array for vasoactive signalling genes,western blot for eNOS signalling proteins and NOS activity assay were undertaken in cirrhotic and control kidneys. Markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were measured in serum by ELISA. We studied the effects of s.c. infusion of recombinant human RLN(seralaxin;72 h, 4 µg/h) on these parameters. Doppler USS measured changes in cardiac output (CO) and renal arterial resistive index (RRI) in response to i.v. RLN (4 µg). Kidney endothelial morphology was assessed by electron microscopy, H+E and PAS stained kidney by light microscopy. <h3>Results</h3> In renal arteries from control and cirrhotic rats endothelial vasodilatation was eNOS-dependent. In cirrhotic rats endothelium-dependent relaxation (acetylcholine; 10–9–3 × 10–5 M) was dramatically reduced (p &lt; 0.0001) in all renal arteries,with only a modest reduction seen in the mesenteric arteries. Endothelium-independent relaxation (sodium nitroprusside; 10–9–3 × 10–5 M) and vasoconstriction (phenylephrine; 10–9–3 × 10–5 M) were unaltered. In cirrhotic kidneys,total eNOS expression was up-regulated,as were arginase2 and caveolin1 (negative regulators of eNOS),and NOS activity was reduced (p &lt; 0.05). Acute RLN had no effect on CO but decreased RRI (p &lt; 0.05). Extended RLN restored endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased kidney NOS activity (p &lt; 0.05), increased phosphorylated Akt and eNOS, and reduced serum TNFα levels. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Renal vascular endothelial dysfunction characterises experimental cirrhosis, through a reduction in renal eNOS activity. This impairment may contribute to the renal vasoconstriction seen in cirrhosis and is a promising target for therapeutic modulation. RLN treatment restored renal endothelial vasodilatation. The potential for recombinant forms of RLN as a haemodynamic modulator in human cirrhosis and HRS merits investigation in translational studies. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Effects of Chronic Heparin Administration on Coronary Vascular Adaptation to Hypertension and Ventricular Hypertrophy in Sheep
Authors: Michael F. Flanagan, Teruhiko Aoyagi, Lucy W. Arnold, Christine Maute, Alan M. Fujii, Joseph Currier, Dennis Bergau, Henry B. Warren, Karel Rakusan
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Hypertension decreases myocardial perfusion capacity in adults for several reasons, including insufficient coronary angiogenesis with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, arteriolar hypertrophy, and altered vasomotion. Heparin influences growth factors that promote angiogenesis and vasodilation and inhibit arteriolar wall thickening.Adult sheep were given heparin 200 U/kg body wt SC twice daily throughout 6 weeks of LV and coronary hypertension from a progressively constricted ascending aortic band (n=14). They were compared with untreated sheep with (n=13) and without (n=13) aortic stenosis. After 6 weeks, maximum myocardial perfusion was measured during adenosine infusion in the conscious state by the microsphere method. Sheep with aortic stenosis had less maximum coronary flow per gram, less conductance reserve, and thicker arteriolar walls in the LV and nonhypertrophied right ventricle. Capillary density decreased in the LV endomyocardium and remained unchanged in the right ventricle. Heparin-treated sheep had significant partial normalization of coronary conductance reserve and maximum perfusion in both ventricles and capillary density in the LV endomyocardium. Arteriolar wall thickness was unchanged. Compared with untreated sheep with aortic stenosis, in heparin-treated sheep LV FGF-2 protein increased 2-fold, whereas FGF-2 mRNA remained unchanged. VEGF mRNA and protein increased 3-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, whereas TGF-beta(1) mRNA declined 3-fold.Heparin administration during LV hypertension increases heparin-binding angiogenic factors FGF-2 and VEGF in the LV and ameliorates decreases in LV perfusion capacity and capillary density.
Addressing a State's Physician Workforce Priorities Through the Funding of Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Robert L. Summitt, R. Robert Herrick, Manuel Martins
Journal: JAMA (1998)

TennCare is Tennessee's innovative program that replaces the state's Medicaid program with a health care system based on managed care and designed to cover the vast majority of the state's poor and uninsured. The program provides health care benefits not only to those eligible for Medicaid, but also to the uninsured poor who do not qualify for Medicaid and those who are uninsurable because of existing medical conditions. This article describes the allocation of TennCare graduate medical education funding, which is designed to address the state's physician workforce priorities regarding specialty mix and practice location. Under the new TennCare graduate medical education funding design, funds flow to the state's 4 medical schools and then to the sites of the residents' training. Allocation to the medical schools is based primarily on the number of primary care residents in residency programs under sponsorship of each.
Abstract A46: LSD1 globally mediates epigenetic modifications on androgen receptor-dependent enhancers
Authors: Changmeng Cai, Housheng Hansen He, Myles Brown, Steven P. Balk
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Androgen receptor (AR) belongs to nuclear receptor superfamily and plays pivotal roles in development of prostate and prostate cancer. The lignded AR binds to AR responsive elements (ARE) on the enhancers and mediates the transcription activity. AR binding on chromatin appears to depend on the binding of pioneer factor FOXA1, which recognizes the active sites marked with high level of mono- or di-methylation of Histon 3 lysine 4 (H3K4me1-2) and then make the site accessible for AR binding. However, the in depth mechanism how FOXA1 opens the enhancer and whether this results in further chromatin modification remains unclear. Through ChIP-seq studies coupled with gene expression array, we have found LSD1 (lysine specific demethylase 1) together with its binding partner CoRest were recruited by FOXA1 to the AR-dependent enhancer and its histone demethylation functions were then activated by liganded AR. This results in the loss of methylation marks and activation of gene transcription but not affecting AR binding or AR-mediated nucleosome dynamics. In contrast to this activator function, LSD1 can also formed corepressor complex to suppress the transcription of a subset of genes. This comprehensive study clearly suggested distinct roles of LSD1 as a coactivator versus a corepressor in different protein complexes therefore to mediate different cell functions. Citation Format: Changmeng Cai, Housheng Hansen He, Myles Brown, Steven P. Balk. LSD1 globally mediates epigenetic modifications on androgen receptor-dependent enhancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A46.
Zonal Colonic Hypoganglionosis
Authors: Roy G. Kadair
Journal: JAMA (1977)

We report the case of a patient with chronic constipation since birth, a strictured area in the distal sigmoid colon, and histologic findings of localized hypoganglionosis. We have compared this entity (zonal colonic hypoganglionosis) and reviewed the literature of all known cases of zonal colonic aganglionosis and hypoganglionosis.