tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Compensation claims expected to follow GMC's findings
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Compensation claims totalling at least £10m ($16m) are expected to follow the General Medical Council's finding last week that two surgeons from Bristol Royal Infirmary, James Wisheart and Janardan Dhasmana, disregarded warnings that their death rates were unacceptably high and continued to operate on babies and toddlers with heart defects.

Writs on behalf of children who died or were brain damaged and their parents are expected to follow the ruling in what was dubbed “the medical scandal of the century” by Stephen Bolsin, the anaesthetist, who exposed it. At least 20 writs have already been issued in cases where children have died.

Laurence Vick, of the Exeter law firm Tozers, said: “By sitting on the problem for so long and for failure to call a halt to these operations before they were finally forced to act in 1995, the trust has exposed itself to the risk of numerous claims. It may find itself liable for all adverse outcomes after a certain date irrespective of the need to prove negligence by a surgeon or support team in those operations.”

The GMC …
Successful Removal of Hematoma From Internal Capsule: 23-year Follow-up
Authors: Michael Scott
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Spontaneous intracerebral hematomas in hypertensive patients occurring in areas other than the internal capsule have been removed surgically with low mortality and morbidity.<sup>1,2</sup>However, I agree with McKissock et al that statistically, in hypertensive patients with such hematomas in the internal capsule, the mortality following the operative or nonoperative treatment is high; approximately 60% for both groups, and the neurological deficit in the survivors is severe.<sup>3,4</sup> The following case is reported to show that there are exceptions to statistical guidelines; that each patient must be evaluated as an individual problem and "a one hundred percent statistic unto himself"; and that surgical intervention in some hypertensive patients can be life saving and result in a long, livable life. This patient's clinical course also suggests that hypertensive cerebrovascular disease beginning at an early age can persist for many years after the removal of an intracerebral hematoma without
Lifestyle, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Hirofumi Shigeta, Masako Shigeta, Atsuko Nakazawa, Naoto Nakamura, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The prevention of diabetes is an urgent worldwide public health concern. The period preceding onset of type 2 diabetes is typically characterized by obesity and insulin resistance induced by overeating and physical inactivity. In the 1970s, Belloc and Breslow (1) presented evidence that physical health is associated with the following seven favorable habits: sleeping 7–8 h, eating breakfast almost every day, avoiding eating between meals, maintaining a desirable weight with respect to height, participating in active sports, limiting alcohol intake, and avoiding smoking cigarettes. We studied the relationships between unhealthy habits and the presence of obesity and insulin resistance.

Subjects consulting the …
THE VALUE OF TEMPORARY COLOSTOMY
Authors: LOUIS J. HIRSCHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Diseased or injured limbs and joints respond to treatment most effectively when function is suspended and immobilization is effected. Physiologic rest alone is a valuable therapeutic agent because the organ involved can, so to speak, devote its entire energy to the business of getting well. Unfortunately, many organs, which would be benefited by the complete suspension of activity, are so vital to life that complete rest is an impossibility. A half a loaf is better than no bread. When one cannot secure complete cessation of functional activity, a minimum of function must suffice. Fortunately, the colon can be completely excluded from functional activity, and in the treatment of various pathologic conditions which affect it, relief and cure can often be effected by a temporary interference with its activity.  Enterostomy and colostomy are both being utilized with increasing frequency for temporary purposes. The number of lives saved yearly by the employment
P01.20 * EPIGENETIC TREATMENT AND INDUCTION OF DIFFERENTIATION IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME NEUROSPHERE CELLS LEADS TO DOWNREGULATION OF EGFR, EGFRVIII AND NESTIN TOGETHER WITH REDUCED COLONY FORMATION IN VITRO
Authors: M. Staberg, M. Villingshoj, M. Stockhausen, H. Poulsen
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

It is suggested that Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors contain a subpopulation of cells with stem cell features, termed brain cancer stem-like cells (bCSC), which are thought to be involved in tumorigenesis, treatment resistance and recurrence. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the constitutively active deletion variant, termed EGFRvIII, are frequently expressed in GBM and EGFRvIII is correlated to chemo- and radiation resistance and poor patient prognosis. Studies suggest that EGFRvIII is linked to the bCSC subpopulation and that its expression can be regulated by epigenetic treatment. The bCSC are capable of differentiating into more mature cells, and it has been proposed differentiation therapy of bCSC could reduce the self-renewing capacity and decrease the production of clones otherwise able to populate the tumor. Here we wanted to elucidate how the EGFRvIII expression is regulated by epigenetic events during induced differentiation, and which role it plays in the tumorigenic potential. A GBM neurosphere cell culture containing bCSC and expressing endogenous EGFR and EGFRvIII under serum-free conditions was used. When inducing differentiation of the GBM neurospheres by treatment with serum this led to a downregulation of EGFR and EGFRvIII expression. However, upon transfer of the neurospheres back to NB serum-free media the EGFRvIII expression was re-gained. When treating the cells over time with a HDAC inhibitor (TSA) the expression of EGFR, EGFRvIII and the stem cell marker Nestin was decreased. Furthermore, clonal growth in vitro was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with TSA as shown by a reduction of neurosphere colonies formed in soft agar. Treatment of the neurospheres with the DNA methyl-transferase inhibitor (AZA) reduced their expression of Nestin, whereas the expression of both EGFR and EGFRvIII seemed to be unaffected. When combining serum and TSA treatment, no further downregulation of EGFR/EGFRvIII could be observed. However, GFAP, CNPase and βIII-tubulin were all downregulated as compared to treatment with serum alone, suggesting that TSA impairs serum-induced differentiation of the neurospheres. In addition, treatment with a combination of AZA and serum, for 24 hours, did not affect the expression of EGFR/EGFRvIII but led to increased expression of bIII tubulin, GFAP and CNPase, suggesting induction of neurosphere differentiation. In conclusion these results indicate that treatment with drugs that induce differentiation or modify epigenetic gene expression leads to a decrease in the bCSC subpopulation, possibly via downregulation of signaling pathways, including EGFR/EGFRvIII, involved in bCSC maintenance.
Letter: Acneiform lesions in combined rifampicin treatment in Africans.
Authors: U Nwokolo
Journal: BMJ (1974)

quantities by the Radiochemical Centre for use by investigators, who are continually evaluating its properties.'We have had the opportunity of testing this2 and comparing it with the silicate and with yttrium-90 citrate from France.The silicate consistently gave good retention in the knee, equivalent to that previously found with the resin col- loid, while the ferric hydroxide-based col- loid and the citrate were less well retained in the knee.In addition the citrate was associated with early lymph node uptake of considerable amounts of radioisotope.We have also analysed the chromosomal damage noted after treatment with these four radiocolloids and have found a low rate of chromosomal damage-equivalent to that after iodine-131 treatment for hyperthy- roidism-with the ferric hydroxide and sili- cate forms of yttrium-90.With the citrate there was considerably more chromosomal damage, roughly equivalent to that found with gold-198.4You mention that there is a reduction of lymph node uptake with hydrocortisone.This is noted only when using gold-198, with which there is a very considerable lymph node uptake of radioactivity.We have attempted the same work with yttrium-90 silicate, but because there is very little lymph node uptake with this latter preparation we have been unable to demonstrate material differences between hydrocortisone-treated patients and control patients in terms of lymph node uptake.-Iam, etc.,
Functional Living Trileaflet Heart Valves Grown In Vitro
Authors: S. P. Hoerstrup, R. Sodian, S. Daebritz, J. Wang, E. A. Bacha, D. P. Martin, A. M. Moran, K. J. Guleserian, J. S. Sperling, S. Kaushal, J. P. Vacanti, F. J. Schoen, J. E. Mayer
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Previous tissue engineering approaches to create heart valves have been limited by the structural immaturity and mechanical properties of the valve constructs. This study used an in vitro pulse duplicator system to provide a biomimetic environment during tissue formation to yield more mature implantable heart valves derived from autologous tissue.Trileaflet heart valves were fabricated from novel bioabsorbable polymers and sequentially seeded with autologous ovine myofibroblasts and endothelial cells. The constructs were grown for 14 days in a pulse duplicator in vitro system under gradually increasing flow and pressure conditions. By use of cardiopulmonary bypass, the native pulmonary leaflets were resected, and the valve constructs were implanted into 6 lambs (weight 19+/-2.8 kg). All animals had uneventful postoperative courses, and the valves were explanted at 1 day and at 4, 6, 8, 16, and 20 weeks. Echocardiography demonstrated mobile functioning leaflets without stenosis, thrombus, or aneurysm up to 20 weeks. Histology (16 and 20 weeks) showed uniform layered cuspal tissue with endothelium. Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed a confluent smooth valvular surface. Mechanical properties were comparable to those of native tissue at 20 weeks. Complete degradation of the polymers occurred by 8 weeks. Extracellular matrix content (collagen, glycosaminoglycans, and elastin) and DNA content increased to levels of native tissue and higher at 20 weeks.This study demonstrates in vitro generation of implantable complete living heart valves based on a biomimetic flow culture system. These autologous tissue-engineered valves functioned up to 5 months and resembled normal heart valves in microstructure, mechanical properties, and extracellular matrix formation.
Cowden syndrome: a novel mutation and overlooked glycogenic acanthosis in gingiva
Authors: A. Nishizawa, T. Satoh, R. Watanabe, K. Takayama, H. Nakano, D. Sawamura, H. Yokozeki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Cowden syndrome (CS; OMIM 158350) is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by multiple hamartomas (affecting various organs derived from all three germ layers) and an increased risk of some cancers, in particular thyroid and breast cancers.1 The lifetime risks for thyroid and breast cancer are estimated to be 3–10% and 25–50%, respectively.1 Characteristic mucocutaneous manifestations include multiple facial trichilemmomas, oral mucosal papillomatoses and acral keratoses. These clinical findings, as well as other hamartomatous or carcinomatous lesions, usually become evident in adulthood. CS is caused by mutations in the PTEN gene (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10), which encodes a dual phosphatase that signals down the phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase/Akt pathway and exerts G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.1,PTEN mutations also cause a subset of Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS; OMIM 153480).1 BRRS has not been associated with malignant lesions. It was proposed that CS and BRRS result from germline mutations in a common gene (PTEN), and thus should be classified as PTEN hamartoma tumour syndromes (PHTS). The genetic mechanism by which mutations in a single gene cause such a diverse number of phenotypes is largely unknown. Here, we report a novel single nucleotide duplication in the PTEN gene in a de novo case of CS, in which mutational analysis was helpful in confirming the clinical diagnosis. Interestingly, in this case, the histopathological findings of mucosal papillomatosis contrasted with those that are generally recognized in cases of CS.
P139 Pulmonary surfactant protects against silver nanoparticle-induced inflammation in the peripheral human lung
Authors: S Nestorowa, TD Tetley, AJ Thorley
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The development and use of nanoparticles for medical applications is rapidly increasing. One of the most commonly used nanoparticles is silver, due to its antimicrobial properties. At present the use of silver nanoparticles is unregulated and there is increasing concern regarding their potential adverse health effects, particularly when inhaled. The alveolar region is the primary site of nanoparticle deposition following inhalation, thus it is important to consider the effects they will exert on the alveolar epithelium, including potential toxicity. The alveolar epithelium is covered with a surfactant layer, acting as a barrier to inhaled particulate matter and pathogens, with which nanoparticles will interact before reaching the epithelium. Thus, we hypothesise that the surfactant layer will influence the toxicity and inflammatory response of alveolar epithelial cells to inhaled AgNPs. <h3>Methods</h3> Immortalised human alveolar type 1 epithelial (TT1) cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of 20nm or 110nm silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in the presence and absence of porcine surfactant (Curosurf) for 24 hours. Cell viability was measured using the MTS assay and IL-6 and IL-8 release was measured by ELISA. In addition, the effect of the antixodiant glutathione on cytokine release was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> Exposure to 20nm and 110nm AgNP did not significantly affect cell viability in the presence or absence of Curosurf (0–50µg/ml). However, IL-6 and IL-8 release was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.0005) for all AgNP at concentrations above 10µg/ml. Furthermore, preincubation of AgNP with Curosurf significantly inhibited this response (P &lt; 0.001). Pre-treatment of cells with glutathione also significantly inhibited IL-6 and IL-8 release following AgNP exposure. When glutathione and Curosurf were combined there was a further inhibition of cytokine release. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that AgNP, whilst not overtly toxic, induce an inflammatory response in human alveolar epithelial cells that is driven by oxidative stress. Furthermore, we have shown that the presence of surfactant significantly attenuates the inflammatory response suggesting a protective effect against inhaled nanoparticles. Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of studying AgNP bioreactivity in the presence of lung secretions to accurately represent the likely effects of inhalation.
Life threatening reaction to tuberculin testing.
Authors: M A Spiteri, A Bowman, A R Assefi, S W Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1986)

ability to ketoacidosis and their more general perceptions of control of diabetes provided useful pointers to risks of subsequent ketoacidosis during use of continuous subcutaneous infusion.1 Mecklenberg RS, Benson EA, Benson JW, et al.Acute complications associated with insulin infusion pump therapy.Report of experience with 161 patients.
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibits hepatitis C virus cell entry in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Thomas von Hahn, Brett D. Lindenbach, Agnès Boullier, Oswald Quehenberger, Matthew Paulson, Charles M. Rice, Jane A. McKeating
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Cell entry of hepatitis C virus, pseudoparticles (HCVpp) and cell culture grown virus (HCVcc), requires the interaction of viral glycoproteins with CD81 and other as yet unknown cellular factors. One of these is likely to be the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). To further understand the role of SR-BI, we examined the effect of SR-BI ligands on HCVpp and HCVcc infectivity. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), but not native LDL, potently inhibited HCVpp and HCVcc cell entry. Pseudoparticles bearing unrelated viral glycoproteins or bovine viral diarrhea virus were not affected. A dose-dependent inhibition was observed for HCVpp bearing diverse viral glycoproteins with an approximate IC50 of 1.5 μg/mL apolipoprotein content, which is within the range of oxLDL reported to be present in human plasma. The ability of lipoprotein components to bind to target cells associated with their antiviral activity, suggesting a mechanism of action which targets a cell surface receptor critical for HCV infection of the host cell. However, binding of soluble E2 to SR-BI or CD81 was not affected by oxLDL, suggesting that oxLDL does not act as a simple receptor blocker. At the same time, oxLDL incubation altered the biophysical properties of HCVpp, suggesting a ternary interaction of oxLDL with both virus and target cells. In conclusion, the SR-BI ligand oxLDL is a potent cell entry inhibitor for a broad range of HCV strains in vitro. These findings suggest that SR-BI is an essential component of the cellular HCV receptor complex. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;43:932–942.)
Primary pulmonary non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A retrospective analysis of 29 cases in a Chinese population
Authors: Jiajia Huang, Tongyu Lin, Zhi‐Ming Li, Ruihua Xu, Huiqiang Huang, Wenqi Jiang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

CIBMTR) held their 12th Annual Tandem Meeting this February in Orlando, Florida.This International Transplant Meeting brought together a record 2,570 attendees from 45 countries, and included the state of the art educational and plenary sessions and 478 oral and poster presentations.Recently, the American Journal of Hematology published a series of articles reviewing the ''Top 10 clinically oriented abstracts'' presented at the 2009 American Society of Hematology meeting [1].Given how well this series was received, we believed it would be worthwhile providing a similar review of relevant abstracts from this year's BMT meetings.There has been dramatic progress in this field that we believe is of great interest and importance to the hematology/oncology community.There was an incredible body of work presented and it is misleading to suggest that there is a ''top 10'' list.Many more abstracts than can be presented here are worthy of discussion and recognition and any exclusion of important studies is solely a reflection of space limitation rather than quality of work.We tried to pick abstracts that were important, novel, biologically interesting, and that address either changing or controversial areas in the field.All 10 abstracts are published in full in the February 2010 issue of Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (volume 16, No. 2) and are identified here by their abstract number.Frequency of CD4 1 CD25 hi FOXP3 1 Regulatory T Cells Has Diagnostic and Prognostic Value As a Biomarker for Acute Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (#5)
Rectal Biopsy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: B. C. Morson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

RECTAL biopsy for the diagnosis of tumors of the rectum dates back at least to the beginning of this century, although it did not become a routine practice until the period between the two world wars.1 Its use in the diagnosis of amebic dysentery was reported in 1957,2 and the first attempts to define its role in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon were also described at about that time.3 4 5 Since then interest in rectal biopsy for the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease has steadily increased.6 The introduction of fiberscopic colonoscopy has now . . .
Compulsory recording of patients’ ethnic details will help to show disease trends
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A research team is calling for GPs to record details of patients’ language, religion, and country of birth routinely to help identify trends in diseases in different ethnic populations.

A study by universities at Warwick, Leicester, and Birmingham has found that only 10% of all patients had their ethnic group recorded in a general practice database. The importance of collecting such data has been recognised by the government, and GPs can now earn one point under the quality and outcomes framework for recording the ethnic group of new patients. But most GPs still fail to do so, the researchers say.

The study, commissioned by Cancer Research UK and yet …
Monilethrix: an electron microscopic and electron histochemical study
Authors: C.L. GUMMER, R.P.R. DAWBER, J.A. SWIFT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

We have carried our electron microscopic and electron histochemical investigations on affected hair follicles and hair shafts to elucidate further the structural abnormality in monilethrix. The structural abnormalities manifest in the cortex and cuticle of the hair shaft could be traced to the locality of the 'zone of keratinization' of the follicle. Abnormal orientation of the cortical cell proteins, folding of the cuticle cell membrane and varying amounts of endocuticular material were all observed in the region prior to full keratinization. We observed structural abnormalities within all the component layers of the inner root sheath adjacent to the faults within the hair shaft, indicating a possible asynchrony within the monilethrix follicle.
To Be a Doctor in Jerusalem: Life under Threat of Terrorism
Authors: Yishai Ofran, Shaden Salameh Giryes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

On Being a Doctor17 February 2004To Be a Doctor in Jerusalem: Life under Threat of TerrorismYishai Ofran, MD and Shaden Salameh Giryes, MDYishai Ofran, MDFrom Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem, Israel. and Shaden Salameh Giryes, MDFrom Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem, Israel.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In 1948, when the state of Israel was established, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, not through any deep reflective process, but merely because of the positions of the opposing armies at the time. Consequently, Mount Scopus, the location of the Hebrew University campus, established on 1 April 1925, and Hadassah University hospital, became an Israeli enclave in the midst of an Arab population. But a university and a hospital could not function under these conditions. Consequently, they were moved to the western part of the city. Since 1967, however, Israel assumed control of East Jerusalem, and the hospital ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem, Israel.Corresponding Author: Yishai Ofran, MD, Hadassah Medical Center Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, POB 24035 Israel; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCelebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals Archive Deborah Cotton Metrics Cited byCelebrating the ACP Centennial: From the Annals ArchiveDeborah Cotton, MD, MPH, Deputy EditorStudent Nurses' Care of Terrorists and Their VictimsPalliative Care in Situations of Conflict: Lessons From JerusalemTreatment of sick children during low-intensity conflict 17 February 2004Volume 140, Issue 4Page: 307-308KeywordsArabic peopleBehaviorCaregiversEmergency departmentIntensive care unitsJewish peopleMedical conditionsNursesPregnancyTechnicians ePublished: 17 February 2004 Issue Published: 17 February 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...