tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Appearance of calpain correlates with arthritis and cartilage destruction in collagen induced arthritic knee joints of mice.
Authors: Z Szomor, K Shimizu, Y Fujimori, S Yamamoto, T Yamamuro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To determine the relevance of calpain in murine collagen induced arthritis (CIA) and to correlate the presence of m-calpain with the appearance of arthritis and cartilage destruction. The immunohistochemical appearance and localisation of m-calpain at different stages of arthritis were analysed and compared with the histological changes occurring during type II CIA. The arthritic knee joint lavage was also examined for m-calpain by immunoelectrophoretic blotting. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a clear positive correlation between the appearance of m-calpain and both a histological grade of arthritis and an acute phase of cartilage destruction. Further development of the disease showed continual presence of m-calpain but with reduced intensity. Intra-articular inflammatory cells (mainly polymorphonuclear leucocytes, synovial lining cells, and sublining fibroblasts) were found to be the most positively stained, but extracellular localisation of m-calpain on the surface of cartilage and synovium, and in the articular cartilage matrix and chondrocyte lacunae, was also observed. In the knee joint lavage obtained at the most intensive stage of acute arthritis, m-calpain was detectable by immunoelectrophoretic blotting. The findings suggest that m-calpain may act at an early phase of CIA as a matrix proteinase and take part in the destruction of articular cartilage or activate other destructive enzymes.
Abstract PD09-08: Obesity in Long-Term Disease Free Survivors of Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: S Bahadur, R Roques-Davis, R Shi, G Burton, D. Quispe
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: As the number of breast cancer survivors increases due to improvements in screening and treatment for breast cancer, there is a particular interest in identifying lifestyle factors associated with long-term survival. Obesity may be one of the modifiable risk factors that can play a role in the outcome of breast cancer patients however studies shown controversial results. Besides, little is known about the role of obesity in long-term survivors. The objective of this study is to examine the role of obesity in breast cancer patients who remained disease free at least 5 years after diagnosis. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed at LSUHSC between 1980 and 2005. The patients with stage IV breast cancer at diagnosis were excluded from the analysis. For this study we selected patients whom were disease free at least five years after the breast cancer diagnosis. We classified our patients by body mass index (BMI) at the time of breast cancer diagnosis into: normal weight (BMI &amp;lt;25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29 kg/m2), and obese (BMI &amp;gt;30 kg/m2). Data on demographics clinical characteristics, tumor characteristic, breast cancer therapy, and relapse were analyzed within BMI classes. Results: A total of 967 patients were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1980 and 2005. Out of those 49% were African American, 29% were overweight, and 49% were obese. From this population 597 (62%) patients were disease free more than 5y: 217 (49%) obese, 113 (26%) overweight, 112 (25%) normal weight. Obese breast cancer survivors in comparison to overweight and normal weight survivors were more likely to: be African American (61%, P&amp;lt;0.01), received Medicaid coverage (14.2%, p=0.05) and to have lower rates of mastectomy (p=0.017). There was not difference in tumor characteristics (ER status, Nodal status, Tumor size) and adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy) between obese and non-obese patients. One hundred and ten patients (19%) developed a recurrence 5 years after diagnosis (48 obese and 33 overweight): 65 local (48 obese and 33 overweight) and 45 systemic (21 obese and 10 overweight). Discussion: Our study has some limitations typical of retrospective studies and the generalization of the results may be limited. Our analysis suggests that in long-term disease free survivors obesity and race might be associated. To further clarify the role of obesity in long-term breast cancer survivors prospective studies with long term follow up are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD09-08.
Real-time tissue elastography in the assessment of liver stiffness
Authors: Giovanna Ferraioli, Raffaella Lissandrin, Carlo Filice
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We read with great interest the article by Ochi et al.1 in the October 2012 issue of HEPATOLOGY and would like to express important concerns that arise from the analysis of Fig. 2 in the online version of the article. The figure shows how to obtain the liver elastic ratio, that is, the ratio of strain elastography distribution in two selected regions of interest (ROIs). First, we want to point out that the ROI selected in the two images shown in Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B have different sizes, and both have a size that is much smaller compared with that of strain elastography's sample box. We believe that using an adjustable size of an ROI introduces a bias in calculating the elastic ratio. On the other hand, it is well known that in strain elastography the distribution of a color-coded strain in the sample box is complex. The criteria followed in choosing the size of the ROI and in positioning it in the sample box are not stated and they seem fairly subjective. There is a high risk of bias—which could hamper the results—when the examiner subjectively and arbitrarily chooses where to place the ROI for measurements in a complex color-coded strain area. In our opinion, a larger ROI, including all the area of the strain sample box, as has been done in other studies performed using strain elastography,2 takes into account the complex distribution of the strain. Furthermore, it has been shown that strain elastography shows a patchy pattern of colors as liver fibrosis progresses from hepatitis to cirrhosis,3 which could be overlooked by selecting a small ROI. Second, the strain elastography sample box shown in Fig. 2B also includes the subcutaneous tissue. In strain elastography the stiffness is not an absolute value but is related to the surrounding tissue. The inclusion (as in Fig. 2B) or exclusion (as in Fig. 2A) of the subcutaneous tissue, which affects the color-coded strain image of the liver, also modify the elastic ratio. Giovanna Ferraioli M.D. Raffaella Lissandrin M.D. Carlo Filice M.D. Ultrasound Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Medical School University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Subcellular Structures and Function of Myocytes Impaired During Heart Failure Are Restored by Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Frank B. Sachse, Natalia S. Torres, Eleonora Savio-Galimberti, Takeshi Aiba, David A. Kass, Gordon F. Tomaselli, John H. Bridge
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for patients with chronic heart failure. However, CRT-associated structural and functional remodeling at cellular and subcellular levels is only partly understood. Objective: To investigate the effects of CRT on subcellular structures and protein distributions associated with excitation-contraction coupling of ventricular cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results: Our studies revealed remodeling of the transverse tubular system (t-system) and the spatial association of ryanodine receptor (RyR) clusters in a canine model of dyssynchronous heart failure (DHF). We did not find this remodeling in a synchronous heart failure model based on atrial tachypacing. Remodeling in DHF ranged from minor alterations in anterior left ventricular myocytes to nearly complete loss of the t-system and dissociation of RyRs from sarcolemmal structures in lateral cells. After CRT, we found a remarkable and almost complete reverse remodeling of these structures despite persistent left ventricular dysfunction. Studies of whole-cell Ca 2+ transients showed that the structural remodeling and restoration were accompanied with remodeling and restoration of Ca 2+ signaling. Conclusions: DHF is associated with regional remodeling of the t-system. Myocytes undergo substantial structural and functional restoration after only 3 weeks of CRT. The finding suggests that t-system status can provide an early marker of the success of this therapy. The results could also guide us to an understanding of the loss and remodeling of proteins associated with the t-system. The steep relationship between free Ca 2+ and contraction suggests that some restoration of Ca 2+ release units will have a disproportionately large effect on contractility.
Investigation of human spleen dendritic cell phenotype and distribution reveals evidence of in vivo activation in a subset of organ donors
Authors: Dorian McIlroy, Christelle Troadec, Fernanda Grassi, Assia Samri, Benoı̂t Barrou, Brigitte Autran, Patrice Debré, Jean Feuillard, Anne Hosmalin
Journal: Blood (2001)
CELL IMPLANTATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF TUMORS.
Authors: LEO LOEB
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The problem of the origin of tumors is a part of the physiology of growth. In explaining malignant tumors pathologists made use of two of the most obvious instances of ordinary tissue growth, namely, embryonic development and regenerative phenomena. Accordingly two theories have been advanced to explain tumor growth. The first one explains tumors as originating from embryonal cells, either actually detached from their normal surroundings, or at least functionally detached. With or without changing their place these cells do not take part in the further development of their neighbors; they remain in an embryonal condition, are not functionally active as the normal surrounding tissue is, until at a later period they begin to make use of their latent, stored up forces. Being locally or functionally disconnected they do not find the tension of the neighboring cells opposed to them and they can now grow indefinitely. This is, in the
Doctors question new test for Down's syndrome
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Scientists and doctors have questioned the validity of a claim by a Hong Kong research team that it has developed a non- invasive diagnostic test for Down's syndrome.

The scientists in Hong Kong said that they used a technique called fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to detect Down's syndrome from fetal DNA found in maternal plasma. The preliminary results of their small study of just 10 women was published in the Lancet last week (2000;356:1819-20).

DNA …
Death from Hypersensitivity due to Phenylbutazone
Authors: D. J. O'Brien, G. Storey
Journal: BMJ (1954)

BEDIlate from plasma uric acid readings before and after treat- ment the total loss of body uric acid and to correlate this calculation with the actual excess observed in the urine.Such a calculation is shown in Table VI.Case 4 is excluded, as measurements of actual body weight were not taken.Where more than one estimation of circulating uric acid was made before treatment the mean has been taken.Such calculations require certain assumptions which need not be discussed here.Nevertheless, if the falls in plasma levels were greater than could be accounted for by the excess ex- cretion, clearly a consistent discrepancy would appear.In Cases 2 and 5 the discrepancy is small, and in Case 3 slightly more uric acid was excreted than can be accounted for by the fall in plasma levels.Only in Case 1 is there the sort of discrepancy which would be required to claim that the fall in plasma levels is greater than can be accounted for by the excess excretion.It was in this case, however, that an acute attack developed during the control period, with a rapid rise in blood levels.The excess excretion of uric acid during this period is more than enough to account for the change in total blood uric acid.Calculating the plasma volume as 0.051 body weight, and assuming that the fall is due to clearance by the kidneys, it would require an excess excretion of 243 mg. to reduce the level from 9.4 to 3 mg.per 100 ml.In the event 483 mg. was excreted in excess during the relevant period. ConclusionsThere are thus two possible effects exerted by phenyl- butazone and influencing uric acid estimations: (1) uricos- uric-while this is no more than a mild effect it is neverthe- less sufficient to account for the observed fall in circulating urate levels; and (2) water retaining-this was sufficient to precipitate congestive heart failure in the one case in which a uricosuric effect was not observed.It is suggested that the variable preponderance of uricosuric and water-retaining effects would account for the variable findings.Much further evidence is required to establish still a third effect, on uric acid metabolism itself; and the fact that uric acid excretion may be increased when phenylbutazone is administered is against such a possibility.Summary Four cases of gout and one control case were treated with phenylbutazone and the changes in plasma uric acid and urinary uric acid levels were studied.The findings suggest that phenylbutazone has no more than a slight uricosuric effect.This may be neutralized if considerable water retention occurs at the same time.No evidence was found that phenylbutazone has any direct effect on uric acid metabolism.Cases 1 and 2 were under the care of Dr. W. S. C. Copeman, to whom I wish to record my gratitude.I anm also grateful to
Arterial baroreflex abnormalities in heart failure. Reversal after orthotopic cardiac transplantation.
Authors: K A Ellenbogen, P K Mohanty, S Szentpetery, M D Thames
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Arterial baroreflex control of the heart and peripheral circulation is markedly impaired in humans and animals with congestive heart failure. After reversal of heart failure in animal models, arterial baroreflex control of heart rate remains impaired for up to 8 months. Cardiac transplantation restores normal ventricular function and completely reverses heart failure, but does it normalize arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in humans? We studied baroreflex sensitivity in 11 patients with severe heart failure, six normal control patients, and 23 patients at 2 weeks to 4 years after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed with intravenous bolus injections of phenylephrine and is expressed as change in RR or PP interval (msec) per millimeters of mercury rise in systolic arterial pressure. Atrial rate of both donor (denervated) and recipient (innervated) atria were measured in the transplant group. Baroreflex sensitivity in patients with severe heart failure was 2.0 +/- 0.3 msec/mm Hg, but in patients after cardiac transplantation, it was 13.0 +/- 0.9 msec/mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The responses in the transplant group were similar to those observed in normal controls (10 +/- 1.2 msec/mm Hg, p = NS). Our data indicate that patients with severe congestive heart failure have marked abnormalities of baroreflex control, which are reversed as early as 2 weeks after cardiac transplantation. In view of this rapid reversal, we consider it unlikely that abnormal baroreflex sensitivity seen in heart failure is due to structural alterations in the baroreceptors. We speculate that neurohumoral rather than structural abnormalities account for depressed baroreflex sensitivity in heart failure.
Richard Waywell Burslem
Authors: M. Elstein
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Withington Hospital, Manchester (b Manchester 1920; q Manchester 1943; MD, FRCOG), d 12 May 2001.

He was appointed consultant in South Manchester in 1950. Through his efforts one of the first new maternity units in the North West region was opened to patients in 1963 at Withington Hospital. He retired from active practice in 1985, and although his health declined due to cancer of the bladder, he remained active and cheerful. He took up Latin and Greek and regularly finished the Times crossword before breakfast.
TCT-673 Drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents for saphenous vein graft lesions: meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Alban Dibra, Laureta Dibra, Elvis Pavli, Antoinette de Waha, Francesco De Felice, Marco Nazzaro, Julinda Mehilli, Roberto Violini, Gjin Ndrepepa, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Chemical treatment and tissue selection: factors that influence the mechanical behaviour of porcine pericardium
Authors: José M Garcı́a Páez, Eduardo Jorge-Herrero, Antonio Carrera, Isabel Millán, Aurora Rocha, P Calero, Angeles Cordón, José Salvador, Natividad Sainz, Jesús Méndez, José L Castillo-Olivares
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
P98 CF Training in the UK
Authors: D Nazareth, M Walshaw
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> As survival in CF improves and the adult population continues to grow, there is an increasing need for the adequate training of chest physicians to care for this patient group. To reflect this, in 2010 the UK respiratory specialist training curriculum was strengthened, setting out guidance for the minimum requirements for CF training to achieve CCT . However, because the curriculum is already full we wished to assess whether the current training schemes in the UK can cope with this increased need. We have already canvassed the views of the trainees<sup>1</sup>, and now wished to assess the views of those tasked with organising this training. <h3>Method</h3> We surveyed all 19 UK Training Program Directors (Adult Respiratory Medicine), asking about availability of CF experience and how this new guidance was being applied for their 596 trainees. <h3>Results</h3> Only 12 Directors (63%) were aware of trainees with a special interest in CF (26, half currently gaining out-of-programme experience [OOPE]). Northern Ireland (NI) and SE Scotland had most trainees pursuing an interest in CF (22% and 20% respectively), where 75% of these were undertaking OOPE. Only 1 centre (NI) had changed trainee allocation arrangements to accommodate the 2010 curriculum changes, but despite this trainees rotated to a specialist CF centre in only 12 Deaneries (63%), where the average training time was 3 months. About 180 trainees (30%) did not rotate to a specialist centre, and in these cases Directors reported that individuals were required to make their own arrangements (26%) or had organised day-release or training days (18%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This survey highlights that, despite the increasing numbers of adult CF patients and the need for suitable training for our future respiratory colleagues now reflected in the curriculum, a significant proportion of trainees in the UK still have limited exposure to CF during their training. Further representations have been made to the training authorities to reinforce the need for increased CF training. <h3>Reference</h3> CF Experience for Respiratory Trainees in the UK. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 2012,11 (Suppl1), S127, 274.
Abstract P3-09-17: One year of adjuvant hormone therapy does not increase patient fatigue: Results of a prospective early stage breast cancer trial
Authors: EE Lower, D Kennedy, P Adams
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer may alter a patient's mental and physical quality of life. Estrogen effects on the brain may be neuroprotective or detrimental, and adjuvant endocrine therapy may influence cognitive functions including fatigue. We previously reported that three months of adjuvant hormone therapy was not associated with change in fatigue. The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the incidence of fatigue in early stage breast cancer patients during one year of adjuvant hormone therapy. METHODS: Seventy-four consecutive patients of a single medical oncologist with newly diagnosed hormone dependent breast cancer prescribed adjuvant hormone therapy enrolled in this prospective study. Data collected included age, race, menopausal status, breast cancer stage, body mass index, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT)-F, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), short form 36 (SF-36), and cognitive failure questionnaire (CFQ). All tests were administered by one nurse prior to hormone initiation (0 mo) and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (mo) of therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t test for paired data with a p value of &amp;lt;0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Prior to starting therapy, a third of patients had a FAS score of &amp;gt;22, consistent with moderate to severe fatigue. After 12 months of therapy, 52 patients (13 premenopausal, 39 postmenopausal) were still receiving adjuvant hormone therapy and had completed serial testing. Twenty patients received chemotherapy prior to institution of hormone treatment. There were no significant changes in FACIT-F, FAS, SF-36, or CFQs scores during the first 12 months of treatment. 0 mo3 mo6 mo9 mo12 moFACIT-F44 (7-52)*42 (3-52)43 (3-52)43 (2-52)44 (6-52)FAS17 (10-43)18 (10-48)17 (10-48)20 (10-48)19 (10-50)Weight, lb.159 (102-256)162 (102-258)161 (102-258)163 (102-263)164 (101-258)SF-36 Total72 (12-100)68 (15-99)83 (15-99)76 (15-99)82 (7-100)CFQ70 (39-94)69 (34-92)68 (34-94)67 (28-96)70 (20-96)* Median (Range) Although during the first six months, a small but significant increase in body weight occurred, there was no significant difference between the initial and 12 month body weight. CONCLUSION: Prior to adjuvant hormone therapy institution, breast cancer patients often have significant problems with fatigue. However, the first 12 months of adjuvant hormone therapy does not appear to affect fatigue or cognitive failure. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-09-17.
Diabetes mellitus and long-term impact on renal function in patients with renal artery stenosis receiving percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty and stent placement
Authors: David S. Bromet, Roy P. Venzon, David W. Butzel, Kimberly Oswald, Clifford J. Kavinsky, Gary L. Schaer, Jeffrey Snell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Apicolysis with Fascial Fixation
Authors: J. D. Thomson, N. McSwan
Journal: BMJ (1956)

BENACTYZINE IN PSYCHONEUROSISBRrrISH 1409 sodium, 2 gr.(0.13 g.) twice daily for a day or two (from which they received much benefit), followed by 1 gr.(65 mg.) three times a day, in order to avoid dropping them from the trial ; it was considered justifiable, however, to include them in the series, since they had completed more than half of the trial.It is of interest also that three patients who started on benactyzine in the first fortnightly period gave up with complaints of adverse effects, whereas no patients gave up in either period while on placebo.This reinforces the conclusion that the benactyzine administration gave no better results than the placebo ; actually, the results were probably less good.Ten patients had the three E.E.G. recordings necessary to compare the resting record with that after 12 days' benactyzine by mouth and 12 days on placebo (not necessarily in that order).Eight of these had normal baseline records, one an immature type of record, and the other a complex record of no specific pathological condition.Three records showed no change with drug or placebo, while the other records showed varying change in the alpha rhythm.In five placebo records the alpha rhythm was less persistent and in two it was more persistent, while in three benactyzine records it was less persistent and in four more so.There was thus no evidence that the drug taken by mouth in this dosage had any consistent effect on the E.E.G.These findings indicate that benactyzine hydrochloride was no better than a placebo, and in some cases probably worse, in relieving the symptoms of tense, anxious psycho- neurotic patients in hospital.