tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Phases and Diagnostic Features
Authors: Takeo Nagayo
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ALTHOUGH the frequency of gastric cancer is decreasing yearly in western countries, it prevails in countries such as Chile, Ireland, and Japan. Most of the cancers diagnosed by routine roentgenologic examinations are advanced, and life-saving surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy hardly are expected for them. Recent statistical studies show that the five-year survival rate of patients on whom surgical resection of gastric cancer was performed is less than 40%, while that of patients with early gastric cancer is more than 95%. These data strongly emphasize that early detection and early resection can only improve the present poor state of cure from this disease.<sup>45</sup> Early gastric cancer, which is defined in Japan as mucosal and submucosal cancer, can be classified into the following three types by gross appearances: I, protruded; II, superficial; and III, ulcerated. The protruded type includes sessile or pedunculated polyps with malignant transformation and polypoid cancer. The superficial
Otitis Media and Fever
Authors: J. A. Wright, L. C. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Schwartz and his colleagues reported that 23% of their patients with acute otitis media were febrile and that this contrasts to the much higher incidence of fever reported in other studies. They speculate that their population of white middle-class patients visits private physicians much more promptly thanmight patients from lower socioeconomic groups attending hospital outpatient departments. They thus imply that fever develops as a later feature of acute otitis media. This would account for the higher incidence of 64% of patients with fever in Mortimer and Watterson's report<sup>1</sup>and the 67% in the series of Halstead et al<sup>2</sup>for example. We think this conclusion is intriguing but unsupported by any data. During the period March 10 to May 27, 1981, there were 1,641 children seen in the emergency room of the Children's Mercy Hospital whose conditions were diagnosed as an acute episode of otitis
Thallium-201 scintigraphy after intravenous infusion of adenosine compared with exercise thallium testing in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease
Authors: Edmund P. Coyne, David A. Belvedere, Penny R. Vande Streek, Frederick L. Weiland, Ralph B. Evans, Leo J. Spaccavento
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Muscle Capillary Basement-Membrane Thickness and Long-Term Glycemia in Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jay M. Sosenko, Olli S. Miettinen, Joseph R. Williamson, Kenneth H. Gabbay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We explored the relation between the thickness of the quadriceps-muscle capillary basement membrane and the glycemia level in 102 young patients with Type I diabetes (median age, 17 years; range, 12 to 29). Membrane thickness was measured in serial biopsy specimens obtained after two consecutive 2 1/2-year observation periods, and glycemia was assessed in terms of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels determined at eight-week intervals. An association between membrane thickness and glycemia level was apparent in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Cross-sectional analysis of data on 39 postpubertal patients (growth <1.0 cm during the five years) showed a positive association of membrane thickness to glycosylated hemoglobin (r = 0.53, P = 0.0002) and blood glucose values (r = 0.37, P = 0.01) averaged over the antecedent 2 1/2-year period. By contrast, in 32 pubertal patients (growth >7.5 cm) there was a significant negative association of membrane thickness to both glycosylated hemoglobin (r = -0.40, P = 0.01) and blood glucose (r = -0.42, P = 0.009). In longitudinal analysis, there was no correlation between changes in membrane thickness and average glycemia levels during the two follow-up periods in 32 pubertal patients (for glycosylated hemoglobin, r = 0.11;P = 0.25), but in the postpubertal group (n = 20) there was a significant positive covariation (r = 0.57, P = 0.0004). The data indicate that in postpubertal diabetic patients, the thickness of the muscle capillary basement membrane is positively related to the level of glycemia, but this relation does not obtain in the pubertal state. (N Engl J Med 1984; 311:694–8.)
Rabies and Wound Care
Authors: MICHAEL J. WEAVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1977Rabies and Wound CareMICHAEL J. WEAVERMICHAEL J. WEAVERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-3-381_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recently published recommendations for the management of rabies emphasized the importance of local wound care, consisting of a thorough scrubbing with soap and water (1).This scrubbing should be followed by a thorough rinsing with water or saline to remove all traces of the soap, then followed by another scrubbing with a quaternary ammonium compound such as 1% benzalkonium chloride (Zephiran®) (2, 3). The rationale is that the quaternary ammonium compounds inactivate the rabies virus invitro (4), and, when injected locally, protect animals from infection from experimental rabies virus exposure (5). The rinsing is needed because...References1. : Rabies: risk, management, prophylaxis, and immunization. Ann Intern Med 86:452-455, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. World Health Organization Technical Report Series 523, 1973 Google Scholar3. BEESONMCDERMOTT PW (eds): Textbook of Medicine 14th ed. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1975, p. 703 Google Scholar4. HORSFALLTAMM FI (eds): Viral and Rickettsial Infections of Man, 4th ed. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Co., 1965, p. 826 Google Scholar5. SHAGHNESSYZICCHNIS HJ Treatment of wounds inflicted by rabid animals. Bull WHO 10:805-813, 1954 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MC, USNR Medical Service U.S. Naval Hospital Guantanamo Bay, Cuba PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1977Volume 87, Issue 3Page: 381-381KeywordsChloridesRabiesSoaps Issue Published: 1 September 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF WAR PSYCHONEUROSES
Authors: JULIAN M. WOLFSOHN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

INTRODUCTORY NOTE  A brief summary of the reports of eight medical officers, detailed for study in special shell shock hospitals in England during the summer and fall of 1917, may be of interest in connection with the paper of Captain Wolfsohn.  These officers have been given every opportunity by the officers of the Royal Army Medical Corps in charge to make complete studies and observations in the special hospitals in both England and Scotland.  The types that they have observed, grouped under the general term of shell shock, represent many different conditions. Probably the most frequent of these has been the hysterical types. Functional monoplegias, hemiplegias, dancing gaits, tics, mutism, functional deafness and blindness, choreiform movements, tremors, etc., have been very prevalent. The officers likewise have observed psychasthenic cases, such as obsessions, states of anxiety and fear of high places, and patients suffering from frightful nightmares and dreams. The more
Mobile Unit for Screening for Cervical and Breast Cancer
Authors: M. Seacome, H. K. Paine
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In 12 months' use of a mobile unit for cervical and breast cancer screening in Gloucestershire 3,211 women attended at an average of five sessions a week. Clinic sessions were organized and the running costs of the service met by a voluntary organization. The keeping of records, provision of laboratory facilities, and the follow-up of patients were carried out in close cooperation with the county health department.
Timing of Fluid Resuscitation in Trauma
Authors: Lenworth M. Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The resuscitation of hypotensive patients with hypovolemia who have sustained penetrating injuries traditionally follows the management principles outlined in the American College of Surgeons Advanced Trauma Life Support course.1 These principles consist of the establishment of a patent airway, ventilation with oxygen, and fluid resuscitation with crystalloid and colloid solutions. The goal is to establish adequate perfusion of cerebral and myocardial tissue with well-oxygenated blood.Conventional treatment at the scene of the event includes airway and oxygen management followed by rapid transportation to a trauma center.2 No time should be wasted gaining intravenous access, but fluid resuscitation can be established . . .
Re: Matthias Oelke, François Giuliano, Vincenzo Mirone, et al., Monotherapy with Tadalafil or Tamsulosin Similarly Improved Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in an International, Randomised, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Eur Urol 2012;61:917–25
Authors: Mauro Gacci, Mario Maggi, Marco Carini
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Decreased production of interferon-γ in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with ribavirin in combination with interferon-alpha
Authors: M. Cepparulo, A. Bergamini, F. Bolacchi, F. Demin, I. Uccella, B. Bongiovanni, M. Capozzi, D. Ombres, F. Angelico, A. Liuti, M. Hurtovà, S. Francioso, M. Angelico, G. Rocchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Managing Contraceptive Pill Patients
Authors: T. Keith Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This manual, like all the other manuals in this series, utilizes a device called<i>center-indexing</i>. If the reader opens the book to the very center pages, an index is found with numbers and tabs along each side of the page. This gives an outline of the organization of information and material in the booklet, and the tabs lead directly to the topic of interest. For example, if a physician had a patient taking oral contraceptives who was experiencing breakthrough bleeding and spotting, she could find this indexed under the number 21. By turning to that section of the manual she would find a brief discussion of break-through bleeding and spotting with birth control pills followed by a 1 1/2-page discussion of management. The publisher states that the purpose of center-indexing is to enable readers to determine immediately how all the information contained in the book is organized. Rapidly changing information
Changing Treatment of Breast Cancer in New Mexico From 1969 Through 1985
Authors: Bruce A. Mann, Jonathan M. Samet, William C. Hunt, Charles R. Key, Jean M. Goodwin, James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A review of information from the New Mexico Tumor Registry on women diagnosed as having primary breast cancer from 1969 through 1985 revealed temporal changes in the surgical treatment of this disease. After 1980 the percentage of women receiving breast-conserving surgery for local-stage disease increased from 6% to 25%. Most surgeons performing operations for breast cancer had not performed a breast-conserving operation before 1981 but had used this procedure at least once in the period from 1981 through 1985. Women younger than 50 years or older than 80 years were most likely to undergo this procedure. In that period, radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery could not be documented for 26% of the women 65 years old or younger or for 56% of the women aged 65 years or older. Thus, there has been a marked shift in New Mexico in the surgical approach to local-stage breast cancer in the 1980s. This shift involved most surgeons treating the disease and included women of all age groups. The apparent lack of adjuvant radiotherapy in some women receiving conservative surgeries may prove to be a deleterious consequence of this change in surgical management.
Dominant-negative diabetes insipidus and other endocrinopathies
Authors: John A. Phillips
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI) in humans is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a variety of mutations in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) precursor. A new report demonstrates how heterozygosity for an AVP mutation causes FNDI (see the related article beginning on page 1697). Using an AVP knock-in mutation in mice, the study shows that FNDI is caused by retention of AVP precursors and progressive loss of AVP-producing neurons.
Differentiating Cervical Lipomas From Thyroid Nodules
Authors: James C. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article entitled "Cervical Lipomas Masquerading as Thyroid Nodules," authors Leonidas et al<sup>1</sup>conclude by recommending computed tomographic (CT) scanning to evaluate and differentiate "cold" nodules of the thyroid from extrathyroidal tissue, specifically lipomas. We would like to point out a valuable diagnostic test that apparently was overlooked, that of fine-needle aspiration (FNA). This modality has been successfully and safely used in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors since the 1930s. Fine-needle aspiration has been found to be highly accurate in its diagnostic capabilities, notably in establishing the diagnosis of "cold" solid thyroid nodules.<sup>2,3</sup>With aspiration cytology, unnecessary surgery and excessive radiation exposure can often be avoided.<sup>4</sup>In an exhaustive review of the literature on FNA of thyroid nodules, Ashcraft and Van Herle<sup>5</sup>report an impressive diagnostic reliability of 97.8%, with an overall false-negative incidence of malignancy in 1.7%, and a
Report of the Task Force on Research in Heart Failure.
Authors: C Lenfant
Journal: Circulation (1994)

In 1992, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Insti- tute (NHLBI) convened a Task Force on Re- search in Heart Failure composed of national experts in basic, clinical, and population-based research on this condition.The task force's charge was to assess the current state of research on heart failure and recommend future research approaches that are likely to lead to improved management or prevention of heart failure and, thereby, improved health for all Americans by the end of the decade.The task force presents its overall findings in the following summary that they prepared, highlighting especially promising areas for future research.Research accomplishments and specific recommendations in each of four major areas addressed by the task force-basic research, clinical research, population-based studies, and treatment-are de- scribed more fully in the main report.
Genetically Elevated Lipoprotein(a) and Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pia R. Kamstrup
Journal: JAMA (2009)

YOCARDIAL INFARCTION(MI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite targeting of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by statin therapy.The need for identification of additional causal factors, and thus potential new targets for prophylactic treatment, is apparent.Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) represent such a candidate 1-5 ; however, whether lipoprotein(a) causes MI is unclear.A randomized intervention trial showing that a reduction in lipoprotein(a) levels leads to a reduction in risk of MI would favor causality.Such a study has yet to be conducted.][8] Simply put, association of elevated levels of lipoprotein(a), as well as association of genetic variation raising levels of lipoprotein(a), with risk of MI would suggest causality.Lipoprotein(a) consists of what is essentially an LDL particle bound to a plasminogen-like glycoprotein, apolipoprotein(a). 9Levels of lipoprotein(a) may vary up to a thousand-fold among individuals, and levels are partly determined by polymorphisms in the LPA gene (OMIM 152200) coding for the apolipoprotein(a) moiety of
Dosing of oral penicillins in children: is big child=half an adult, small child=half a big child, baby=half a small child still the best we can do?
Authors: U. Ahmed, N. Spyridis, I. C. K. Wong, M. Sharland, P. F. Long
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The  improving Children’s Antibiotic Prescribing UK Research Network  thinks it’s time to abandon this historical rule of thumb
Oncogenic rearrangements driving ionizing radiation–associated human cancer
Authors: Massimo Santoro, Francesca Carlomagno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster has caused a remarkable increase in radiation-induced papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and young adults. In this issue of the JCI, Ricarte-Filho and colleagues demonstrate that chromosomal rearrangements are the oncogenic "drivers" in most post-Chernobyl carcinomas and that they often lead to unscheduled activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. These findings represent a major step forward in our understanding of radiation-induced carcinogenesis and suggest various hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying the formation and selection of gene rearrangements during cancer cell evolution.
Hepatitis C treatment, subcutaneous naltrexone implants, and methadone maintenance treatment
Authors: David M. Novick, Mary Jeanne Kreek
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We read with interest the article by Jeffrey et al. on antiviral treatment of chronic HCV infection in injection drug users who had received subcutaneous naltrexone implants.1 The authors are to be commended for their efforts in treating a population which does not always receive such a high level of care for liver diseases. The authors do not provide information on the magnitude, duration, and specific type of injection drug use in their patients. Also, they do not indicate whether their patients are representative of most injection opiate users seen in Australia. Does the clinic where the study was conducted treat all opiate users or only selected groups? It is possible that the patients in this study had not self-administered opiates long enough to develop the well-documented humoral and cellular immunologic abnormalities seen in more chronic injection drug users.2 This may be a factor in the high rate of sustained virological response (SVR) to antiviral therapy reported by Jeffrey et al. The accompanying editorial3 discusses several additional explanations for the high SVR. The authors propose that subcutaneous naltrexone implants may have advantages over methadone maintenance in modulating the immune response in former opiate users who will receive antiviral therapy. We and others have reported profound immunologic abnormalities in heroin addicts, and others have reported suppression of specific components of the immune response by the short-acting opiate morphine.2 In chronic maintenance treatment with the long-acting opiate methadone (median duration of treatment: 16 years), we described normalization of several parameters of cellular immunity, including natural killer cell activity.2, 4 Several groups reported satisfactory SVR rates for hepatitis C treatment in former long-term heroin addicts treated with methadone maintenance.3 Addiction is a chronic disease. Methadone maintenance treatment has been in clinical use for more than 40 years,5 has been validated by extensive long-term studies,6 and has been endorsed by a NIH consensus conference.7 The articles cited for addiction treatment outcomes of subcutaneous naltrexone implants describe follow-ups of 2 and 13 months, respectively, for 2 impaired physicians8 and no follow-up of 17 pregnant addicts.9 Long-term studies of subcutaneous naltrexone implants have been initiated in order to determine the role of this medication in the chronic treatment of addiction. We look forward to further studies by Jeffrey et al. in patients with addictive diseases. We agree with others who have suggested that expertise in both hepatology and the study of chemical dependency will lead to better outcomes in treatment of persons with addiction and chronic hepatitis C.10 David M. Novick M.D.* , Mary Jeanne Kreek M.D.*, * The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH.
Immunologic Heterogeneity of Hemophilia
Authors: Robert W. Colman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Progress in the diagnosis, treatment and ultimate prevention of hemophilia has been intimately linked to advances in fundamental knowledge of this disease. The separation of classic hemophilia from other disorders of the first stage of blood coagulation (functional deficiencies in factors IX and XI) necessarily preceded the discovery of cryoprecipitate and its refinements, which have allowed for rational and practical therapy in factor VIII deficiency states. Recent advances in the purification of factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) and the application of modern immunochemical assays have led not only to a new concept of the nature of hemophilia but to practical application . . .
Mutations in gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Lawrence C. Layman, David P. Cohen, Mei Jin, Jun Xie, Zhu Li, Richard H. Reindollar, Shahla Bolbolan, David P. Bick, Richard R. Sherins, L. Wayne Duck, Lois C. Musgrove, Jeffrey C. Sellers, Jimmy D. Neill
Journal: Nature Genetics (1998)
Sequential measurements of bone lead content by L X-ray fluorescence in CaNa2EDTA-treated lead-toxic children.
Authors: J F Rosen, M E Markowitz, P E Bijur, S T Jenks, L Wielopolski, J A Kalef-Ezra, D N Slatkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

With the development of L X-ray fluorescence (LXRF) to measure cortical bone lead directly, safely, rapidly, and noninvasively, the present study was undertaken to a) evaluate LXRF as a possible replacement for the CaNa2EDTA test; b) quantify lead in tibial cortical bones of mildly to moderately lead-toxic children before treatment; and c) quantify lead in tibial cortical bones of lead-toxic children sequentially following one to two courses of chelation therapy. The clinical research design was based upon a longitudinal assessment of 59 untreated lead-toxic children. At enrollment, if the blood lead (PbB) was 25 to 55 micrograms/dL and the erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentration was greater than or equal to 35 micrograms/dL, LXRF measurement of tibial bone lead was carried out. One day later, each child underwent a CaNa2EDTA provocative test. If this test was positive, lead-toxic children were admitted to the hospital for 5 days of CaNa2EDTA therapy. These tests were repeated 6 weeks and 6 months after enrollment. Abatement of lead paint hazards was achieved in most apartments by the time of initial hospital discharge. The LXRF instrument consists of a low energy X-ray generator with a silver anode, a lithium-doped silicon detector, a polarizer of incident photons, and a multichannel X-ray analyzer. Partially polarized photons are directed at the subcutaneous, medial mid-tibial cortical bone. The LXRF spectrum, measured 90 degrees from the incident beam, reveals a peak in the 10.5 KeV region, which represents the lead L alpha line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)