tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dutch workers entitled to smoke-free conditions, court rules
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In vitro studies of enantioselective metabolism of <i>R</i>-(+)- and <i>S</i>-(-)verapamil (VER) were conducted using human cDNA-expressed CYP3A isoforms, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7. <i>N</i>-dealkylated products nor-VER [2,8-bis-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-isopropyl-6-azaoctanitrile] and D617 [2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylamino-2-isopropylvaleronitrile] were the major metabolites for all CYP3A isoforms regardless of enantiomer. Enantioselectivity of CYP3A4 and CYP3A7 was most similar among the three isoforms. This coincides with the degree of homology of amino acids at the active sites and in the total amino acid sequences of the enzymes. Biphasic substrate inhibition was observed for the formation of nor-VER and D617, whereas simple biphasic kinetics were observed for the formation of <i>O</i>-demethylated products for both enantiomers with CYP3A4. The biphasic substrate inhibition was observed only for nor-VER, and simple biphasic kinetics were observed for D617 and <i>O</i>-demethylated products for both enantiomers with CYP3A5. However, with CYP3A7, D617 and <i>O</i>-demethylated products showed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and only nor-VER displayed substrate (monophasic) inhibition. When metabolic rates of VER were determined in the presence of three different effectors, midazolam, testosterone, and nifedipine, activation, inhibition, or activation and inhibition of VER metabolism was observed depending on the enantiomers, metabolites, effectors, and cytochrome P450 isoforms. Addition of anti-CYP3A4 antibody inhibited formation of all metabolites for both CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. The atypical phenomena (biphasic substrate inhibition, activation, and inhibition depending on product formation) of VER kinetics could be adequately explained by introducing the concept of steric interaction into a two binding-site model.
Prolonged Local Analgesia with Benzocaine-Urethane Solution
Authors: J. Kohn, A. G. Rutter, M. Vitali
Journal: BMJ (1954)

During the last few years much interest has been centred on attempts to find a local analgesic drug or combination of drugs with an action prolonged over several days or weeks (McCleery et al., 1948; Lewis and Thompson, 1953; Davidson, 1953).Such a preparation, if it were proved to be safe and free from undesirable side-effects, would have a wide field of usefulness.Most of the preparations so far advocated, however, including the recently introduced " efocaine " (Puderbach and Shaftel, 1952; Roualle, 1952; Oldham, 1953), have drawbacks and disadvantages which prevent their gaining widespread acceptance.This paper briefly presents our experiences with a benzocaine-urethane solution, which in our hands has proved eminently satisfactory and free from undesirable side-effects.This solution was first described by Rappaport (1946) and by Spira (1946): its use in this country was referred to by Kohn and Vitali (1950) and by Rutter (1952).
Is symptom control the correct end point for proton pump inhibitor treatment in Barrett's oesophagus?
Authors: A I Sarela
Journal: Gut (2004)

We have recently reported that abnormal acid reflux persists in up to 50% of patients with long segment Barrett’s oesophagus, despite good control of symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy.1 The critical question is whether such persistence of abnormal acid reflux alters the risk of progression to adenocarcinoma. We investigated this issue by studying cellular proliferation and expression of cyclin D1, which is an important marker of neoplastic progression,2,3 in patients with Barrett’s oesophagus on PPI therapy.

A prospective cross-sectional survey of 20 patients with long segment Barrett’s oesophagus (defined as a length ⩾3 cm and presence of specialised intestinal epithelium containing alcian blue staining goblet cells) was conducted. In all cases, GORD symptoms had been well controlled with PPI therapy (omeprazole n = 13 patients, median dose 20 mg (range 10–40); lansoprazole n = 5, 30 mg; or rabeprazole n = 2, 20 mg). Patients had received PPI …
Pulmonary Scintigraphy in Surgically Corrected Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: CHRISTOPHER PALESTRO, DEBORA FINEMAN, STANLEY J. GOLDSMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Perfusion lung imaging in a patient with a Glenn procedure showed absent left lung perfusion when the imaging agent was administered in a left upper extremity vein. However, perfusion was seen in both lungs after radiopharmaceutical injection in a left lower extremity vein.
Conscious access overflows overt report
Authors: Claire Sergent, Geraint Rees
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Block proposes that phenomenal experience overflows conscious access. In contrast, we propose that conscious access overflows overt report. We argue that a theory of phenomenal experience cannot discard subjective report and that Block's examples of phenomenal “overflow” relate to two different types of perception. We propose that conscious access is more than simply readout of a pre-existing phenomenal experience.
Individual Toxic Reactions to Mushrooms
Authors: Howard S. Yaffee
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was interested in Dr. Gerard L. Moench's Letter to the Editor in the Dec 14, 1963, issue ofThe Journal(<b>186</b>:1025) concerning the toxicity of mushrooms. He raises the interesting point stressed by Dr. Robert Buck in several of his articles, namely, that there is an individual susceptibility to the effects of mushrooms. This effect, as pointed out by Dr. Buck may vary in the same subject at different times. A 40-year-old epicurean scholar had collected and enjoyed eating wild mushrooms for some time. Discoid lupus erythematosus then developed, for which he was ultimately given hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 400 mg for three weeks initially, and then 200 mg daily for two months. At this point he and his family ingested specimens of<i>Cantharellus floccosus, Clavaria formosa</i>, and<i>Boletus variipes</i>. His wife and children experienced no difficulty, but he had severe epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and
Metabolic Basis of Renal-Stone Disease
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Arthur E. Broadus, Samuel O. Thier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

URINARY calculi form when the concentration of the crystal-forming substances of which they are composed exceeds solubility. That even this apparent truism generates discussion and requires clarification highlights the state of ferment in the study of metabolic urinary-stone disease. Certainly, crystals precipitate when solubility is exceeded, but since "solubility" in a simple aqueous solution is frequently exceeded in urine without stone formation, the definition of solubility is obviously complex. Solubility is a function of the ionic strength of stone-forming substances, of the salt content of the urine, of the pH of the urine and of the presence of inhibitors of . . .
The key to nursing
Authors: S. Burns
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The life of Riley gave Sue Riley the opportunity to offer a “fly on the wall” look at her working life as a ward sister at Newham General Hospital. Or should I say “acting ward sister” as it seemed that only at the end of the programme after her appraisal interview was this confirmed. She seemed to be doing the job on an acting up basis without the financial reward—is this a typical cost saving measure?

Her camcorder followed her as she went about managing West Ham Ward—dealing with admissions and discharges; giving care to her patients; liaising with doctors about that care; managing the beds; and …
After the Storm — Health Care Infrastructure in Post-Katrina New Orleans
Authors: Ruth E. Berggren, Tyler J. Curiel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Drs. Ruth Berggren and Tyler Curiel write that when patients and staff were evacuated from Charity Hospital in New Orleans, they could not fully comprehend the devastation of the health care infrastructure. Seven months after Katrina, health care in New Orleans remains unacceptably primitive. New Orleans had 7000 HIV-infected citizens before Katrina. Dr. Ruth Berggren writes that the reconstitution of the HIV outpatient clinic was driven by the urgent need to restore antiviral treatment in order to avert virologic resistance and disease progression.
Crucial Role of Interferon Consensus Sequence Binding Protein, but neither of Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 nor of Nitric Oxide Synthesis for Protection Against Murine Listeriosis
Authors: Thomas Fehr, Gabriele Schoedon, Bernhard Odermatt, Thomas Holtschke, Markus Schneemann, Martin F. Bachmann, Tak W. Mak, Ivan Horak, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Listeria monocytogenes is widely used as a model to study immune responses against intracellular bacteria. It has been shown that neutrophils and macrophages play an important role to restrict bacterial replication in the early phase of primary infection in mice, and that the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are essential for protection. However, the involved signaling pathways and effector mechanisms are still poorly understood. This study investigated mouse strains deficient for the IFN-dependent transcription factors interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP), interferon regulatory factor (IRF)1 or 2 for their capacity to eliminate Listeria in vivo and in vitro and for production of inducible reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) or reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in macrophages. ICSBP−/− and to a lesser degree also IRF2−/− mice were highly susceptible to Listeria infection. This correlated with impaired elimination of Listeria from infected peritoneal macrophage (PEM) cultures stimulated with IFN-γ in vitro; in addition these cultures showed reduced and delayed oxidative burst upon IFN-γ stimulation, whereas nitric oxide production was normal. In contrast, mice deficient for IRF1 were not able to produce nitric oxide, but they efficiently controlled Listeria in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that (a) the ICSBP/IRF2 complex is essential for IFN-γ–mediated protection against Listeria and that (b) ROI together with additional still unknown effector mechanisms may be responsible for the anti-Listeria activity of macrophages, whereas IRF1-induced RNI are not limiting.
Government needs better scientific advice, MPs say
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The UK government needs better scientific advice and should improve the way it communicates levels of risk to the public, a parliamentary committee said this week. 

The report from the House of Commons Select Committee on Science and Technology urges the government to set up a new government scientific service, give more power to science advisers, and improve long term policy planning. It also wants negative attitudes towards scientific qualifications to be tackled. 

The committee, which last year launched its inquiry into the government's handling of scientific advice, risk, and evidence in policy making, makes 69 recommendations, …
How Doctor Parrish's Great-Grandson Doodled His Way Through School—and Life!
Authors: David Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MENTION Dr. Joseph Parrish in Philadelphia medical circles, and you'll get your glass filled up straight away—so toastworthy is he in these parts. He was the man who saw Philadelphians through the yellow fever epidemic of 1805. Four of his sons, Joseph, Isaac, Dillwyn, and Edward, were medical men of distinction as well, although the latter two were apothecaries rather than physicians. All were Philadelphia Quakers, men devoted as much to their religious persuasions as to their professions. Each followed the plain life prescribed by the Society of Friends, which, among other things, meant no recognition of the arts and absolutely no ostentatious display. So they all, with little attention to cultural developments outside their Quaker community, quietly and unpretentiously went about making medicine the "family occupation." Then in 1846, one of the sons—could it have been possible?—sired a painter, a serious painter! This act was not only sacrilegious, but
Urinary Diagnostic Indices in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: THOMAS R. MILLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

A prospective analysis of the value of urinary diagnostic indices in ascertaining the cause of acute renal failure was undertaken. Our results show that in the setting of acute oliguria a diagnosis of potentially reversible prerenal azotemia is likely with urine osmolality greater than 500 mosm/kg H2O, urine sodium concentration less than 20 meq/litre, urine/plasma urea nitrogen ratio greater than 8, and urine/plasma creatinine ratio greater than 40. Conversely, a urine osmolality less than 350 mosm/kg, urine sodium concentration greater than 40 meq/liter, urine/plasma urea nitrogen ratio less than 3, and urine/plasma creatinine ratio less than 20 suggest acute tubular necrosis. A significant number of oliguric patients will not have urinary indices that fall within these guidelines. In this setting, urine sodium concentration divided by the urine-to-plasma creatinine ratio (the renal failure index) and the fractional excretion of filtered sodium provide a reliable means of differentiating reversible prerenal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis.
Letter: Oral contraceptives in women over 34.
Authors: J A McEwan
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This is a response to 2 previous articles in the Journal which confirmed the association between the risk of myocardial infarction and the taking of combined oral contraceptive pills. An alternative method of contraception should be recommended for women over age 34 years if they have predisposing risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, or Type 2 hyperlipidemia. The effect of the combined estrogen-progestogen pill may be synergistic. With other methods of contraception there may be a greater risk of pregnancy. However, after age 34 the fecundity is less. In case of failure, early abortion, if acceptable, should be offered. Sterilization might be best. Vasectomy for the husband offers a good alternative.
Metformin Has Little Cardiovascular Effect on People Without Diabetes
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
N‐ras and p53 gene mutations in Japanese patients with myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Shigeharu Tsurumi, Yuichi Nakamura, Kazuhiro Maki, Mitsuhiro Omine, Kazuhiro Fujita, Takashi Okamura, Yoshiyuki Niho, Sachiko Hashimoto, Keiko Kanno, Kenshi Suzuki, Akira Hangaishi, Seishi Ogawa, Hisamaru Hirai, Kinuko Mitani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Alterations of the N‐ras oncogene and p53 tumor suppressor gene have been demonstrated to play an important role in pathogenesis of hematological malignancies. We simultaneously investigated genetic lesions of both genes in bone marrow cells from 64 Japanese patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), including polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and idiopathic myelofibrosis (MF), by direct sequencing analysis. No mutations of the N‐ras gene were detected in any cases. Two patients, one with chronic neutrophilic leukemia derived from PV and one with acute mylogenous leukemia derived from ET, exhibited three mutations of the p53 gene. Among them, two were missense mutations in exon 5 or 7 and one was a deletion in exon 5. All samples in chronic phase or from MF were devoid of mutations in both genes. These data suggested that disruptions of both genes are extremely rare in MPD in chronic phase and that loss of functions in the p53 gene could be involved in progression of MPD such as PV and ET. Am. J. Hematol. 71:131–133, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic Measurement of Pancreatic Blood Flow
Authors: H. Ishida, T. Makino, M. Kobayashi, K. Tsuneoka
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Laparoscopy is a morphological examination and is employed in the examination of the liver and other visceral organs. Further, as a result of recent remarkable progress in endoscopy it has become possible to examine not only the intraperitoneal organs but also the pancreas, a retroperitoneal organ, by means of laparoscopy. With a view to expanding the application of laparoscopy, we attempted, despite many difficulties, to measure the pancreatic blood flow in man, using the hydrogen gas clearance method. The mean pancreatic blood flow for persons with a normal pancreas was 87.8 ± 20.6 ml/min/100 g, and the mean value for patients with chronic pancreatitis was 58.0 ± 33.3 ml/mn/100 g.
Failure of Intravenous Aspirin to Increase Gastrointestinal Blood Loss
Authors: A. R. Cooke, K. Goulston
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Studies of the effect of intravenous sodium acetylsalicylate (aspirin) on gastrointestinal blood loss with (51)Cr-labelled red cells were made on 15 healthy male volunteers. After a control period of five days 1 g. of sodium acetylsalicylate was infused over a period of 100 minutes twice daily for three days. Faecal blood loss was not increased.In a further six subjects 3 g. of sodium acetylsalicylate was infused over a period of 120 minutes. No salicylate or acetylsalicylate was detected in saliva or gastric washings from these six subjects. Hence gastrointestinal blood loss induced by aspirin may be explained by a local effect on mucosa and not by any systemic effect.
Intestinal Sensitivity to Gastric Juice
Authors: Ward O. Griffen, Demetre M. Nicoloff, Aldo Castaneda, Gary W. Lyons, Owen H. Wangensteen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ACID-PEPTIC DIGESTIVE CAPACITY and mucosal resistance are the ultimate opposing factors in the peptic ulcer diathesis. The buffering and diluting qualities of the gastrointestinal contents can modify an imbalance between these two factors and undoubtedly play a major role in the prevention of ulcer. One question frequently raised is: Does mucosal susceptibility increase progressively from duodenum to ileum? Clinical observations tend to affirm this concept.<sup>1</sup>Much of the early experimental work seems to support it.<sup>2-4</sup>However, recent investigations by Merendino and his co-workers question the validity of an increasing aboral sensitivity of the intestinal mucosa to acidpeptic destruction.<sup>5-8</sup>They bring forth convincing arguments against the conclusions drawn by earlier workers. The first indication that the jejunum might be more sensitive to gastric juice than the duodenum came from an experiment by Mann and Kawamura in 1922.<sup>9</sup>They resected the duodenum and replaced it with the
FORM SPLINTS OF DENTAL COMPOUND
Authors: Roy H. Whitham
Journal: JAMA (1927)

At the suggestion of Dr. E. P. Richardson, I recently employed dental impression compound in making cock-up splints for cases of severe burns of the backs of the hands. The results were so good and the splints so effective that it seems fitting to call the method to the attention of physicians. I have not been able to find any record in the literature of the previous use of the material for this purpose. The substance is hard at body temperature, but when heated in water to 130 F., it becomes soft and pliable and can be molded in any desired shape. It is used by dentists for making impressions of the alveolar processes and palate. If remolding is desirable, it need only be reheated. For ordinary use it will not replace plaster of paris, for it is heavy and brittle and cannot be incorporated in bandage. It does, however,
Decreased Myocardial Taurine Levels and Hypertaurinuria in a Kindred with Mitral-Valve Prolapse and Congestive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: John R. Darsee, Steven B. Heymsfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

In a 46-member kindred with consanguineous ancestry, eight progeny in two generations had congestive cardiomyopathy and markedly elevated urinary taurine levels (range, 411 to 536 mg per gram of creatinine [normal ±S.D., 89±32]). Ten other family members had late or holosystolic mitral-valve prolapse, and elevated urinary taurine values (range, 215 to 265 mg). In two with mitral-valve prolapse, congestive cardiomyopathy eventually developed while the amounts of urinary taurine doubled. One member with mitral-valve prolapse died suddenly; histologic examination revealed myocardial fibrosis in the papillary muscles and myocardial taurine values of 16.9±3.0 μmol per gram of protein (normal ±S.E., 33.2±3.6). Four other family members with congestive cardiomyopathy had myocardial fibrosis at autopsy or biopsy and mean myocardial taurine levels of 9.2±2.2 μmol. We conclude that hypertaurinuria and depressed levels of taurine in the myocardium may be associated with one type of mitral-valve-prolapse syndrome and a rapidly progressive form of congestive cardiomyopathy. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:129–35.)
A Possible Systemic Reaction to Hepatitis B Vaccine
Authors: Gordon B. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Hepatitis B vaccine usage has greatly increased since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration and published recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control in 1982.<sup>1</sup>Serious adverse reactions attributable to vaccination have not been published except for a recent case report of polyneuropathy associated with hepatitis B vaccine.<sup>2</sup> We report a case of possible systemic reaction to hepatitis B vaccine. The patient presented with cephalalgia, fever, anorexia, and malaise and later demonstrated symptoms of polyneuropathy and cholestasis. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 59-year-old gynecologist in excellent health, an alcohol abstainer, administered the first dose (1.0 mL) of hepatitis B vaccine to his nursing staff and himself. Two weeks later the physician developed severe cephalalgia, chills, and fever (temperature, 39.5 °C). A complete blood cell count was obtained. The total white blood cell count was 5,200/cu mm, with neutrophils, 57%; lymphocytes, 32% (20% atypical);