tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Premature Infant
Authors: William F. Friedman, Michael J. Hirschklau, Morton P. Printz, Paul T. Pitlick, Stanley E. Kirkpatrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The prostaglandins affect smooth-muscle tone of the ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus often complicates the clinical course of prematurely born infants with respiratory-distress syndrome. In the present study, a single oral or rectal dose of a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin, was administered to six consecutive premature infants with the syndrome who would otherwise have undergone surgical ligation of the patent ductus. Within 24 hours all the clinical symptoms and physical, echocardiographic and radiographic signs attributable to substantial left-to-right shunting through a patent ductus arteriosus dramatically and permanently disappeared. A transient reduction in renal function was observed in two infants in whom sustained ill-effects did not occur. The observation that constriction and closure of the patent ductus arteriosus may be induced pharmacologically raises important possibilities for the improved treatment of the respiratory-distress syndrome. (N Engl J Med 295:526–529, 1976)
The Challenges of Epidemiologic Research in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Andrew M. Evens
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brain Morphometric Biomarkers Distinguishing Unipolar and Bipolar Depression
Authors: Ronny Redlich, Jorge J. R. Almeida, Dominik Grotegerd, Nils Opel, Harald Kugel, Walter Heindel, Volker Arolt, Mary L. Phillips, Udo Dannlowski
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

The structural abnormalities in the brain that accurately differentiate unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar depression (BD) remain unidentified.First, to investigate and compare morphometric changes in UD and BD, and to replicate the findings at 2 independent neuroimaging sites; second, to differentiate UD and BD using multivariate pattern classification techniques.In a 2-center cross-sectional study, structural gray matter data were obtained at 2 independent sites (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Münster, Germany) using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was used to compare local gray and white matter volumes, and a novel pattern classification approach was used to discriminate between UD and BD, while training the classifier at one imaging site and testing in an independent sample at the other site. The Pittsburgh sample of participants was recruited from the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic at the University of Pittsburgh from 2008 to 2012. The Münster sample was recruited from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Münster from 2010 to 2012. Equally divided between the 2 sites were 58 currently depressed patients with bipolar I disorder, 58 age- and sex-matched unipolar depressed patients, and 58 matched healthy controls.Magnetic resonance imaging was used to detect structural differences between groups. Morphometric analyses were applied using voxel-based morphometry. Pattern classification techniques were used for a multivariate approach.At both sites, individuals with BD showed reduced gray matter volumes in the hippocampal formation and the amygdala relative to individuals with UD (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates x = -22, y = -1, z = 20; k = 1938 voxels; t = 4.75), whereas individuals with UD showed reduced gray matter volumes in the anterior cingulate gyrus compared with individuals with BD (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates x = -8, y = 32, z = 3; k = 979 voxels; t = 6.37; all corrected P < .05). Reductions in white matter volume within the cerebellum and hippocampus were found in individuals with BD. Pattern classification yielded up to 79.3% accuracy (P < .001) by differentiating the 2 depressed groups, training and testing the classifier at one site, and up to 69.0% accuracy (P < .001), training the classifier at one imaging site (Pittsburgh) and testing it at the other independent sample (Münster). Medication load did not alter the pattern of results.Individuals with UD and those with BD are differentiated by structural abnormalities in neural regions supporting emotion processing. Neuroimaging and multivariate pattern classification techniques are promising tools to differentiate UD from BD and show promise as future diagnostic aids.
Adverse Reactions to Cromolyn
Authors: Guy A. Settipane
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The frequency of adverse reactions (dermatitis, myositis, and gastroenteritis) to cromolyn sodium in asthmatic patients was 2% (B/375). Reactions were non-life-threatening and completely reversible. Immunologic evaluations, including skin and serum tests for immediate and delayed reactivity, all were negative. Adverse reactions to cromolyn do not appear to be based on an immunologic mechanism. Cromolyn appears to be a safe drug for the treatment of asthma.
Risk of Exposure of Surgical Personnel to Patients' Blood during Surgery at San Francisco General Hospital
Authors: Julie Louise Gerberding, Cary Littell, Ada Tarkington, Andrew Brown, William P. Schecter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

We undertook an observational study of 1307 consecutive surgical procedures at San Francisco General Hospital to record descriptions of intraoperative exposures to blood and other body fluids, determine the factors predictive of these exposures, and identify interventions that might reduce their frequency. During a two-month period, circulating nurses took note of parenteral and cutaneous exposures to blood and recorded information about all procedures. In a follow-up validation study, 50 additional procedures were observed by the study investigators to determine the accuracy of the data collected by the nurses. A total of 960 gloves used by surgical personnel during the validation study were examined to determine the perforation rate.
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS AND IODINE
Authors: Gabe F. Sciallis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS AND IODINE Get access Gabe F. Sciallis Gabe F. Sciallis Department of Dermatology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland 20114, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 3, 1 March 1976, Page 343, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04395.x Published: 01 March 1976
A Randomized Trial of Medical Quality Assurance
Authors: Mark R. Chassin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The capacity of educational programs to improve physician performance remains doubtful despite many evaluative efforts. This is especially true for programs sponsored by the federal government. We tested the efficacy of an educational program conducted by Professional Standards Review Organizations in reducing the inappropriate use of x-ray pelvimetry. This procedure may cause harm to the fetus, and there is little evidence that it is efficacious. We randomly assigned 120 hospitals in six Professional Standards Review Organizations to study and control groups. Physicians with delivery privileges at each study hospital participated in an educational program that discussed acceptable indications for x-ray pelvimetry. Pelvimetry use was similar in study and control hospitals before the program. However, after the program, pelvimetry was performed by physicians at study hospitals less than one third as often as by physicians at control hospitals. We conclude that educational programs can improve physician performance substantially and that such programs can be effectively conducted by federally sponsored physician organizations.
intimations of optimality: extensions of simulation testing of color-language hypotheses
Authors: david bimler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

by emphasizing that color categories are the collective achievement of a language community, the methodology of steels &amp; belpaeme (s&amp;b) suggests a number of corollaries. it focuses attention on whether a system of categories is optimized to match color experience. if a hypothesis can be operationalized about the nature of the optimality – about how color language becomes standardized – it becomes testable.
Dual association of HLA DR2 and DR3 with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Peter T. Donaldson, Mark J. Farrant, Mark L. Wilkinson, Karen Hayllar, Bernard C. Portmann, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Human leukocyte antigen typing was performed in 81 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis to investigate reported associations between human leukocyte antigen type and this disease. The results showed a significant increase in the frequency of the antigens B8 and DR3 compared with controls (53% vs. 23%, p less than 0.0005, and 56% vs. 21%, p less than 0.0005). This was caused by a significant rise in the frequency of the human leukocyte antigen A1 B8 DR3 haplotype (32 of 81 patients, 40% vs. 12 of 100 patients, 12%, p less than 0.0005). By contrast, a significant reduction was seen in the frequency of the antigens B44 and DR4 (12% vs. 31%, p less than 0.005, and 12% vs. 34%, p less than 0.001, pc less than 0.011) because of the complete absence of the B44 DR4 haplotype in the patient group (p = 0.027, Fisher's exact test). When all the DR3-positive individuals (including the DR2/DR3 heterozygotes) were eliminated, a significant secondary association with DR2 was noted, 25 (69%) of 36 remaining patients being DR2-positive compared with 27 (34%) of 79 DR3 negative controls (p less than 0.0005, pc less than 0.006). Only 9% of the patients were DR2-positive and DR3-positive. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that survival was not influenced by the presence of either haplotype nor by the individual antigens. Patients who were DR3-positive were first seen at a significantly younger age than those who were DR2-positive (mean ages = 33 yr and 44 yr, respectively, p less than 0.002, Student's t test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Best care for the dying patient
Authors: J. E. Ellershaw, M. Lakhani
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Why do so many people die badly when we know how to care for them well? 

What we want for the people we love and for ourselves is to die in the place of our choice and to experience a “good death”—dignified, free from pain, and supported by those we love. Ascertaining and documenting a patient’s preferred place of death is regarded as an important marker of the quality of care.

Around 500 000 people die in England every year—53% die in hospital, whereas 63% indicate a preference to die at home1; 92 000 have an unmet need for palliative care.2 Health inequalities, based on postcode and diagnosis, are common in end of life care. The case for improving end of life care is therefore compelling.3

Death at home is the “mantra,” but are we right about this? A recent systematic review of international evidence provided important insights about preferred place of care for dying patients.4 It found that most people express a preference to die at home, including those with advanced disease. However, the review recognised that preferences can depend on the quality of care that patients and carers have experienced.

For patients with …
Benefit of Selective Respiratory Muscle Training on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Donna M. Mancini, David Henson, John La Manca, Lisa Donchez, Sanford Levine
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Diminished respiratory muscle strength and endurance have been demonstrated in patients with heart failure. This may contribute to exertional dyspnea and reduced exercise capacity in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether selective respiratory muscle training could alleviate dyspnea and improve exercise performance in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. Methods and Results Fourteen patients with chronic heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, 22±9%) were enrolled in a supervised respiratory muscle training program. This consisted of three weekly sessions of isocapnic hyperpnea at maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity, resistive breathing, and strength training. Maximum sustainable ventilatory capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, peak V̇ o 2 , and the 6-minute walk test were measured before (pre) and after (post) 3 months of training. Eight patients completed the training program. Respiratory muscle endurance was improved with training, as evidenced by increases in maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity (pre, 48.6±10.7 versus post, 76.9±14.5 L/min; P &lt;.05) and in maximal voluntary ventilation (pre, 100±36 versus post, 115±39 L/min; P &lt;.05). Respiratory muscle strength was also increased with training as maximal inspiratory (pre, 64±31 versus post, 78±33 cm H 2 O; P &lt;.01) and expiratory (pre, 94±30 versus post, 133±53 cm H 2 O; P &lt;.001) pressures rose. Submaximal and maximal exercise capacity were significantly improved with selective respiratory muscle training as the 6-minute walk (pre, 1101±351 versus post, 1421±328 ft; P &lt;.001) and peak exercise V̇ o 2 (pre, 11.4±3.3 versus post, 13.3±2.7 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ; P &lt;.05) both significantly increased. Dyspnea during activities of daily living was subjectively improved in the majority of trained patients. Dyspnea quantified by the Borg scale was significantly reduced during progressive isocapnic hyperpnea but not during bicycle exercise. No statistically significant improvement in maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximal inspiratory or expiratory mouth pressures, 6-minute walk, or peak V̇ o 2 was observed in the 6 patients who did not complete the training program. Conclusions Selective respiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle endurance and strength, with an enhancement of submaximal and maximal exercise capacity in patients with heart failure. Dyspnea during activities of daily living was subjectively improved in the majority of trained patients.
Is cardiothoracic ratio in healthy middle aged men an independent predictor of coronary heart disease mortality? Whitehall study 25 year follow up
Authors: H. Hemingway, M. Shipley, D. Christie, M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Aetiological studies of myocardial ischaemia have tended to concentrate on factors which influence atherothrombotic processes in the coronary arteries rather than myocardial pathophysiology.1 The commonest clinical measure of heart size—cardiothoracic ratio—was included in the original Whitehall study of healthy middle aged civil servants. Cardiothoracic ratio is associated with left ventricular mass2 and left ventricular systolic function; since left ventricular mass determined by echocardiography has been shown to predict coronary heart disease in elderly people,1 we hypothesised that increased cardiothoracic ratio would independently predict mortality from coronary heart disease. Unlike previous studies3 we did not include mortality from stroke since it may be related to heart size through different pathophysiological mechanisms.

View this table:

Adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the effect of cardiothoracic ratio on all cause and coronary heart disease mortality



We studied the 1203 male British …
The Last Dance: Encountering Death and Dying
Authors: J. T. Sinnott
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctor's suspicious death could undermine efforts to improve healthcare in South Sudan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The death of a Kenyan doctor in police custody in South Sudan has raised widespread concern in a country with some of the world’s worst health indicators and lowest ratios of doctors to patients.

Only one in five people in South Sudan currently have access to healthcare. There is a massive shortage of facilities and skilled health workers and a limited supply of drugs and equipment. The Ministry of Health says that the new country has only about 120 medical doctors and just over 100 registered nurses for an estimated population of nearly nine million.

The International Committee of the Red Cross points out that “this falls far below the doctor-patient ratio in neighbouring Kenya, for …
Factors Affecting the Delivery, Access, and Use of Interventions to Prevent Malaria in Pregnancy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jenny Hill, Jenna Hoyt, Anna Maria van Eijk, Lauren D'Mello-Guyett, Feiko O. ter Kuile, Rick Steketee, Helen Smith, Jayne Webster
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Jenny Hill and colleagues conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies to explore the factors that affect the delivery, access, and use of interventions to prevent malaria in pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
INFECTION BY ANAEROBIC STREPTOCOCCI IN PUERPERAL FEVER
Authors: L. Colebrook
Journal: BMJ (1930)

dependeint oni special aptitude, a wider initerest in the nee(l for, aind th-e means of provingo its prop)ositions will be necessasry.It is possible that the iicivasiing knowledge of exp)erlinental metlhods may bring this about and stimulate a renewed vig,our in purely clinical work.In the second place, as suciessfuil clinical observation demands a certain special 'aptitude, an(l the nuriesting contemplation of a very large andiriclh material such as we find at its highest ini, for examiiple, a Hughlingfs Jacksoi, it should be the source and reservoir of th-at flow of ideas wlich alone can maintain tlie fertilitv of the wnhole field of.nmedicalscience.To the experimenter immiuersed in his rie.searchl, and to the clinician struggling witlh the load of experience andl the needs of his patients, it may seem unpractical to concern ourselves with the tlleory of imiedical knowle(dge.On the othler hand, it is perhaps the lack of rationial doctrine an(d a general interest in the problems of methodl that has miiade miiedicine the scene of so much disunited and contiradictory effort, and llelp?ed to put it downi from its hiistorical position as the mnotlher and the nurse of science.
Performances diagnostiques de la recherche de la mutation de l'oncogène k-ras couplée à la ponction-biopsie sous échoendoscopie pour le diagnostic des masses solides pancréatiques: étude prospective multicentrique incluant 119 patients
Authors: B Bournet, A Souque, P Senesse, M Barthet, N Lesavre, D O'Toole, A Aubert, P Hammel, P Levy, P Ruszniewski, M Bouisson, P Cordelier, L Pradayrol, J Escourrou, L Buscail
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Une mutation ponctuelle activante de l'oncogène k-ras est présente dans 85 à 95% des cancers du pancréas (CP). La précision diagnostique de la ponction-biopsie dirigée sous échoendoscopie (PBEE) pour le diagnostic de masse solide du pancréas varie de 81 à 85% en intention de ponction. La recherche cumulée de la mutation de l'oncogène k-ras pourrait augmenter ce rendement et améliorer le diagnostic différentiel entre cancer et pancréatite chronique pseudotumorale. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer de façon prospective multicentrique (4 centres français) la valeur diagnostique de l'analyse de l'oncogène k-ras à partir du matériel de PBEE et couplé à la cytopathologie.
1088 The α-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, UK14,304, inhibits secretin-stimulated ductal secretion of bile duct ligated (BDL) rats by activation of the G-protein Gα
Authors: H FRANCIS, S GLASER, D ALVARO, S TAFFETANI, L MARUCCI, A BENEDETTI, Y UENO, M MARZIONI, G LESAGE, J VENTER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Presenting Plasma HIV RNA Level and Rate of CD4 T-Cell Decline
Authors: Viviane D. Lima, Robert S. Hogg, Julio S. G. Montaner
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal