tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract PD03-07: Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Drug Metformin in the Methylnitrosourea (MNU)-Induced Model of ER+ Mammary Cancer and the MMTV-Neu/p53KO Model of ER-Mammary Cancer
Authors: CJ Grubbs, AM Bode, VE Steele, RA. Lubet
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and has generated a great deal of interest as a potential preventive agent for a variety of cancers, including breast. This interest is based both on epidemiologic studies showing that diabetics treated with metformin have a lower incidence of a variety of cancers, and on mechanistic considerations arguing that activation of AMPK is likely to be relevant to cancer treatment and prevention. We are examining the preventive efficacy of metformin in ER+ and ER-rodent mammary cancer models. Treatment of Sprague-Dawley female rats at 50 days of age with a single dose of MNU (75 mg/kg BW) resulted in the development of multiple ER+ mammary cancers beginning approximately 7 weeks after MNU treatment. This model has been highly responsive to a wide variety of agents that affect ER+ tumors in humans (SERMs, aromatase inhibitors, pregnancy, ovariectomy). Metformin was administered by gavage (7x/week) at either 150 or 50 mg/kg BW/day beginning 7 days after MNU dosing, and continuing for the duration of the study. Body weights were not altered by these dose levels and other signs of toxicity were not observed. Metformin failed to decrease mammary tumor incidence and, in fact, increased tumor multiplicity in this model by approximately 35%. In addition, we are evaluating the ability of metformin to inhibit mammary cancer in MMTV-Neu/p53KO mice (which spontaneously develop ER-cancers). In this study, metformin is being administered in the diet at a dose level of 1500 mg/kg diet. Initial supplementation of the diet with this agent began when the mice were 60 days of age, and will continue for 10 months. Preliminary results examined at 6 months into the study imply no efficacy of metformin in this model as well (average tumors/mouse: controls, 0.9; metformin, 1.6). Thus, these initial studies fail to observe any chemopreventive efficacy of metformin in two commonly employed models of ER+ or ER-mammary cancer in rodents. Supported by NCI contract number HHSN261200433001C. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD03-07.
Urodynamics: Hydrodynamics of the Ureter and Renal Pelvis
Authors: R. H. Flocks
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Although this book would appear from the title to have limited appeal, it should have a very wide appeal to all those who work with the kidney and the urinary passageway. It has been generally known that there is a very intimate relationship between renal function and the transport of urine from the kidney to the bladder. Yet the intimate details of the way in which such transport takes place, normally and under pathological circumstances, and how it influences renal function has not been described in one overall volume as in this book. A tremendous amount of new material on the ureter, its embryology and its function, has been presented in this book which fundamentally summarizes a workshop on the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract. This workshop made it possible for representatives of some 30 active laboratories to meet and to carry out a continuum of discussion between the
VITAMIN K FOR THE NEWBORN
Authors: Armand J. Quick
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  In a recent issue ofThe Journal(February 28, p. 697) Dr. Sanford and his associates published an article with the important title Is Administration of Vitamin K to the Newborn of Clinical Value? One looks in vain, however, for a straightforward answer to this question in their paper. From their emphasis that hemorrhagic manifestations in their series were as frequent in the infants treated with vitamin K as in the untreated controls, it may be surmised that they are doubtful concerning the efficacy of vitamin K in the prevention of the hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.  The question that these authors have raised deserves serious consideration, since it involves the potential safety of many newborn babies. I feel that enough clinical results have been reported to answer the question unequivocally and emphatically in the affirmative.  There is obviously still some misunderstanding as to what constitutes hemorrhagic
Periostitis and Localized Myositis in Polyarteritis Nodosa
Authors: William B. G. MacDonald, Martin P. Blake
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 20-year-old man with known polyarteritis nodosa was referred for bone scintigraphy to investigate bilateral knee and lower leg pain, which worsened with reduction in steroid dose. Plain radiographs of the hips and lower extremities were normal. Blood pool images showed increased vascularity in the anterolateral muscle compartments of the lower legs, suggestive of localized myositis, which was confirmed with subsequent magnetic resonance imaging and muscle biopsy. Delayed bone scans showed widespread, patchy increase in subperiosteal tracer activity with no evidence of avascular necrosis. Bone scintigraphy should be considered in patients with polyarteritis nodosa who report persistent lower extremity pain.
Mucosal Reactive Oxygen Species Decrease Virulence by Disrupting Campylobacter jejuni Phosphotyrosine Signaling
Authors: Nicolae Corcionivoschi, Luis A.J. Alvarez, Thomas H. Sharp, Monika Strengert, Abofu Alemka, Judith Mantell, Paul Verkade, Ulla G. Knaus, Billy Bourke
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Incidence of Bacterial Endocarditis in Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: PRAVIN SHAH, WALTER S. A. SINGH, VERA ROSE, JOHN D. KEITH
Journal: Circulation (1966)

In summary, the population figures presented place the risk of bacterial endocarditis for cases of ventricular septal defect in the 5 to 14-year age group as 1 in 470 patient years, or 2.1 per 100 cases in 10 years. The estimated risks for the 5-year-old and 15-year-old patient up to the age of 70 years would be 13.6% and 11.5% respectively. In the city of Toronto, only four cases were seen in 10 years in the general population of over half a million, while in metropolitan Toronto with the population of 1.3 million, eight cases were seen in a similar period. If the clinical experiences of the various authors reported in the literature are pooled with that at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, one would have 21 cases of bacterial endocarditis in 11,328 patient years. This would place the incidence as approximately 1 in 500 patient years. It is suggested that the surgery for ventricular septal defect may itself initiate bacterial endocarditis as noted in three of our cases. On the basis of the available data, there is insufficient evidence to designate the risk of future bacterial endocarditis as an adequate reason for surgical closure of the defect.
Accidental Ingestion of Chlorpropamide
Authors: David R. Youberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

HYPOGLYCEMIA in the nondiabetic person has heretofore been an uncommon cause of coma, because of the improbability of the accidental parenteral administration of insulin. With increasing numbers of diabetic patients being placed on oral therapy, the accidental or suicidal ingestion of these drugs will occur more frequently. The physician must be aware of this cause of coma.Case ReportA 2-year-old boy was well until 9 o'clock on the morning of admission, when his mother heard him grunt. She noticed that his eyes had rolled back, and she was unable to awaken him. Upon arrival at the Emergency Room, the . . .
Outcome of Patients Sustaining Acute Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation during Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James E. Tcheng, John D. Jackman, Charlotte L. Nelson, Laura H. Gardner, L. Richard Smith, J. Scott Rankin, Robert M. Califf, Richard S. Stack
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To describe outcomes of patients sustaining an acute myocardial infarction complicated by mitral regurgitation managed with contemporary reperfusion therapies. Design: Inception cohort case study. Long-term follow-up was obtained in 99% of all patients. Setting: University referral center. Patients: A series of 1480 consecutive patients presenting between April 1986 and March 1989 who had emergency cardiac catheterization within 6 hours of infarction. Fifty patients were found to have moderately severe or severe mitral regurgitation. Outcome Measures: Mortality; follow-up cardiac catheterization in patients with regurgitation. Results: Acute ischemic moderately severe to severe (3 + or 4 +) mitral regurgitation was associated with a mortality of 24% at 30 days (95% Cl, 12% to 36%), 42% at 6 months (Cl, 28% to 56%), and 52% at 1 year (Cl, 38% to 66%); multivariable analysis identified 3 + or 4 + mitral regurgitation as a possible independent predictor of mortality (P = 0.06). Patients with mitral regurgitation tended to be female, older, and to have cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, and preexisting symptomatic coronary artery disease. A physical examination did not identify 50% of patients with moderately severe to severe regurgitation. Acute reperfusion with thrombolysis or angioplasty did not reliably reverse valvular incompetence. In this observational study, the greatest in-hospital and 1-year mortalities were seen in patients reperfused with emergency balloon angioplasty, whereas patients managed medically or with coronary bypass surgery had lower mortalities. Conclusions: Moderately severe to severe (3 + or 4 +) mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction portends a grave prognosis. Acute reperfusion does not reduce mortality to levels experienced by patients with lesser degrees of mitral regurgitation nor does it reliably restore valvular competence.
Billie Belle's Unkind Death
Authors: Michael K. Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

On Being a Doctor7 November 2000Billie Belle's Unkind DeathMichael K. Williams, MDMichael K. Williams, MDDr. Williams: Central Texas Medical Foundation; Austin, TX 78701Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The homecoming queen of Woodlawn High, 1933. There must still be some in Birmingham who recall Billie Belle's smile and welcoming eyes as she received the affection of the crowd that October night. This beautiful young lady received the best life had to offer that cool evening, as the icon to Vulcan looked on approvingly from above and U.S. Steel's furnaces glowed an even brighter orange than usual, celebrating the young woman's glory. There might be better days for Billie later on, but this one would be hard to top.Billie moved from Birmingham after finishing high school. She married ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Dr. Williams: Central Texas Medical Foundation; Austin, TX 78701Corresponding Author: Michael K. Williams, MD, Central Texas Medical Foundation, 601 East 15th Street, Austin, TX 78701; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBillie Belle Paul Rousseau Regarding the Unkind Death of Billie Belle Susan W. Tolle and Virginia Tilden Regarding the Unkind Death of Billie Belle Michael K. Williams Metrics Cited byRegarding the Unkind Death of Billie BelleSusan W. Tolle, MD and Virginia Tilden, RN, DNScBillie BellePaul Rousseau, MD 7 November 2000Volume 133, Issue 9Page: 743-744KeywordsEmotionsInpatientsMedical dialysisMemoryMorphinePancreatic cancerPatientsPrimary care physiciansRenal failureVision ePublished: 7 November 2000 Issue Published: 7 November 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sequential Reassortments Underlie Diverse Influenza H7N9 Genotypes in China
Authors: Aiping Wu, Chunhu Su, Dayan Wang, Yousong Peng, Mi Liu, Sha Hua, Tianxian Li, George F. Gao, Hong Tang, Jianzhu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Yuelong Shu, Daxin Peng, Taijiao Jiang
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Dendritic cells inhibit myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration and function in mouse B16 melanoma microenvironment
Authors: Siyuan Xia, Jun Wei, Jingya Wang, Liqing Zhao, Zhinan Yin
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Roles of dendritic cells (DCs) in tumor immune responses have been reported to be very complex. It has been shown that in some tumor types, dendritic cells play an protective role by activating anti-tumor cells, while in other tumor types, they accelated tumor growth by inducing
Opportunistic Pneumonia: A Stepped Approach
Authors: Roger C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The evaluation of patients with opportunistic lung infection is often a confusing and frustrating ordeal for the physician. A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma often ensues. The diagnostic dilemma stems from the nonspecificity, costs, and risks of tests designed to delineate the etiology of the infection. The therapeutic dilemma arises because many opportunistic infections have no satisfactory treatment. Additionally, patients often have such a rapidly fatal underlying disease that resorting to invasive procedures to diagnose either a potentially untreatable infection or a pathological manifestation of an underlying disease, although academically interesting, seems to be cruel and unusual punishment. Part of the decision analysis includes the likelihood of rapid deterioration if empiric treatment fails. Thus, no algorithm can be developed that satisfactorily provides a generic approach to this difficult problem. General principles that guide the decision analysis include a rapid history and physical examination, chest roentgenogram, and the collection of respiratory secretions
Early controlled release of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ agonist GW501516 improves diabetic wound healing through redox modulation of wound microenvironment
Authors: Xiaoling Wang, Ming Keat Sng, Selin Foo, Han Chung Chong, Wei Li Lee, Mark Boon Yang Tang, Kee Woei Ng, Baiwen Luo, Cleo Choong, Marcus Thien Chong Wong, Benny Meng Kiat Tong, Shunsuke Chiba, Say Chye Joachim Loo, Pengcheng Zhu, Nguan Soon Tan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Fluorouracil Treatment Of Breast Cancer
Authors: Richard J. Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Samp and Ansfield's communication, "Breast Cancer treated With Fluorouracil" (<b>198</b>:724, 1966), does not prove that fluorouracil in the inoperable stages of mammary carcinoma prolongs the survival of these patients. We accept their observations but must question their interpretation because the analysis presented contains many deficiencies. The two series were not run concurrently. The control series was studied retrospectively, and one wonders if patients were not more enthusiastically treated after fluorouracil was introduced. This is consistent with the poor survival of 13.5 months in the control series, a figure considerably less than what is usually reported in a rather voluminous literature not mentioned in this article. The two series showed some disparity in that the control group had a shorter free period, indicating a less aggressive form of malignancy in the treated group. The analysis does not clearly indicate when in the course of the recurrent disease
Transcriptional Adaptation of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> within Macrophages
Authors: Dirk Schnappinger, Sabine Ehrt, Martin I. Voskuil, Yang Liu, Joseph A. Mangan, Irene M. Monahan, Gregory Dolganov, Brad Efron, Philip D. Butcher, Carl Nathan, Gary K. Schoolnik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Little is known about the biochemical environment in phagosomes harboring an infectious agent. To assess the state of this organelle we captured the transcriptional responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in macrophages from wild-type and nitric oxide (NO) synthase 2–deficient mice before and after immunologic activation. The intraphagosomal transcriptome was compared with the transcriptome of MTB in standard broth culture and during growth in diverse conditions designed to simulate features of the phagosomal environment. Genes expressed differentially as a consequence of intraphagosomal residence included an interferon γ– and NO-induced response that intensifies an iron-scavenging program, converts the microbe from aerobic to anaerobic respiration, and induces a dormancy regulon. Induction of genes involved in the activation and β-oxidation of fatty acids indicated that fatty acids furnish carbon and energy. Induction of σE-dependent, sodium dodecyl sulfate–regulated genes and genes involved in mycolic acid modification pointed to damage and repair of the cell envelope. Sentinel genes within the intraphagosomal transcriptome were induced similarly by MTB in the lungs of mice. The microbial transcriptome thus served as a bioprobe of the MTB phagosomal environment, showing it to be nitrosative, oxidative, functionally hypoxic, carbohydrate poor, and capable of perturbing the pathogen's cell envelope.
Scientific Knowledge Gaps and Clinical Research Priorities for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Identified During the 2005 International Consensus Conference on ECC and CPR Science With Treatment Recommendations
Authors: Raúl J. Gazmuri, Vinay M. Nadkarni, Jerry P. Nolan, Hans-Richard Arntz, John E. Billi, Leo Bossaert, Charles D. Deakin, Judith Finn, William W. Hammill, Anthony J. Handley, Mary Fran Hazinski, Robert W. Hickey, Ian Jacobs, Edward C. Jauch, Walter G.J. Kloeck, Mark H. Mattes, William H. Montgomery, Peter Morley, Laurie J. Morrison, Graham Nichol, Robert E. O’Connor, Jeffrey Perlman, Sam Richmond, Michael Sayre, Michael Shuster, Sergio Timerman, Max Harry Weil, Myron L. Weisfeldt, Arno Zaritsky, David A. Zideman
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Abstract 5591: A phase I study of bavituximab and sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Adam Yopp, Yull Arriega, Amit Singal, John Mansour, Glen Balch, Phillip Thorpe
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: HCC is the fastest growing cause of cancer-related deaths in the US, with the majority of patients presenting with advanced stage disease. Despite sorafenib being the only systemic therapy with proven efficacy in advanced HCC, the median survival for these patients is still less than one year. Sorafenib, in pre-clinical HCC models, upregulates phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on tumor vascular endothelium. The phosphatidylserine (PS)-targeting antibody, bavituximab, given in combination with sorafenib has greater efficacy in pre-clinical HCC models than either therapy alone. Bavituximab acts by directing immune cells to destroy the PS-expressing tumor vasculature, and by reactivating tumor immunity.The aim of our study was to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of bavituximab in combination with 400 mg bid of sorafenib in patients with advanced HCC. Methods: In this single institution, phase I study (NCT01264705), sorafenib-naive adult patients with measurable, advanced HCC, ECOG PS ≤ 2, and Child-Pugh (CP) class A cirrhosis received escalating doses of bavituximab weekly (0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg) and sorafenib 400 mg bid for 28 days. Results: Median age of patients was 61(range 43-76) years and seven patients were male. Five patients had CP A5 and 4 patients had CP A6 cirrhosis. The majority of patients had underlying HCV (7/9), one patient had HBV and one patient had NASH. Five patients (4 TACE, 1 resection) received prior treatment. Four patients had metastatic disease at initiation of treatment. No dose limiting toxicities were seen at any dose level. No grade 3/4 treatment-related events in the first 28 days were noted. Common toxicities at all grades were related to sorafenib and included hand-foot syndrome (33% grade I, 22% grade II), fatigue (33% grade I) and anorexia (22% grade I). Conclusions: Bavituximab and sorafenib can be given safely in patients with advanced HCC at 3.0 mg/kg weekly and 400 mg bid, respectively. Hand-foot syndrome, fatigue and anorexia were the most common adverse events and are consistent with known adverse events with sorafenib therapy. These doses are currently being evaluated in an ongoing phase II study in this population. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5591. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5591
The Probate Court.
Authors: John A. Robison
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, July 30, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am glad to see Dr. Galloway has the courage to relate his experience with Judge Kohlsaat. It probably coincides with the experience of the majority of physicians who are so unfortunate as to be obliged to prove their accounts in tho probate court. Some months ago I filed a claim against an estate in which the executrix was willing to allow the claim at $8 a visit, and Judge Kohlsaat arbitrarily cut the claim down to $2 a visit, not inquiring into the circumstances of the case but remarking that the court would never allow a claim for more than $2 a visit. I admire a judge who looks sharply after the interests of heirs, but think it is time we as physicians should take a hand in the election of the probate judges and try and secure the election of judges
GW25-e0604 HO-1 attenuates intestinal ischemic injury secondary to MI-induced HF in rats
Authors: Gan Zhuokun, Liping Zhang, Jie Bai, Guojuan Tan, Xiaoxia Li, Yaping Xu, Yu Zhou, Meiliang Gong, Mosi Lin, Li Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prevalence of microalbuminuria, arterial hypertension, retinopathy, and neuropathy in patients with insulin dependent diabetes
Authors: H.-H. Parving, E. Hommel, E. Mathiesen, P. Skott, B. Edsberg, M. Bahnsen, M. Lauritzen, P. Hougaard, E. Lauritzen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of the increased morbidity and mortality in patients with insulin dependent diabetes. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was determined in adults with insulin dependent diabetes of five or more years' duration that had started before the age of 41. All eligible patients (n = 982) attending a diabetes clinic were asked to collect a 24 hour urine sample for analysis of albumin excretion by radioimmunoassay; 957 patients complied. Normoalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin excretion of less than or equal to 30 mg/24 h (n = 562), microalbuminuria as 31-299 mg/24 h (n = 215), and macroalbuminuria as greater than or equal to 300 mg/24 h (n = 180). The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was significantly higher in patients whose diabetes had developed before rather than after the age of 20. The prevalence of arterial hypertension increased with increased albuminuria, being 19%, 30%, and 65% in patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria respectively. The prevalence of proliferative retinopathy and blindness rose with increasing albuminuria, being 12% and 1.4%, respectively, in patients with normoalbuminuria, 28% and 5.6% in those with microalbuminuria and 58% and 10.6% in those with macroalbuminuria. An abnormal vibratory perception threshold was more common in patients with microalbuminuria (31%) and macroalbuminuria (50%) than in those with normoalbuminuria (21%). This study found a high prevalence (22%) of microalbuminuria, which is predictive of the later development of diabetic nephropathy. Microalbuminuria is also characterised by an increased prevalence of arterial hypertension, proliferative retinopathy, blindness, and peripheral neuropathy. Thus, urinary excretion of albumin should be monitored routinely in patients with insulin dependent diabetes.