tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Very late antigen 4-dependent adhesion and costimulation of resting human T cells by the bacterial beta 1 integrin ligand invasin.
Authors: E Ennis, R R Isberg, Y Shimizu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Bacteria and viruses often use the normal biological properties of host adhesion molecules to infect relevant host cells. The outer membrane bacterial protein invasin mediates the attachment of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to human cells. In vitro studies have shown that four members of the very late antigen (VLA) integrin family of adhesion molecules, VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5, and VLA-6, can bind to invasin. Since CD4+ T cells express and use these integrins, we have investigated the interaction of CD4+ T cells with purified invasin. Although VLA integrin-mediated adhesion of T cells to other ligands such as fibronectin does not occur at high levels unless the T cells are activated, resting T cells bind strongly to purified invasin. The binding of resting T cells to invasin requires metabolic activity and an intact cytoskeleton. Although CD4+ T cells express VLA-3, VLA-4, VLA-5, and VLA-6, monoclonal antibody (mAb) blocking studies implicate only VLA-4 as a T cell invasin receptor. Like other integrin ligands, invasin can facilitate T cell proliferative responses induced by a CD3-specific mAb. These results suggest that the nature of the integrin ligand is a critical additional factor that regulates T cell integrin activity, and that direct interactions of T cells with bacterial pathogens such as Yersinia may be relevant to host immune responses to bacterial infection.
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum within cutaneous nerves in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS
Authors: G. Rodríguez, N. Ordóñéz, A. Motta
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum within cutaneous nerves in patients with disseminated histoplasmosis and AIDS Get access G. Rodríguez, G. Rodríguez Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Salud and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá AA 80334, Colombia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Ordóñéz, N. Ordóñéz Laboratorio de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Motta A. Motta Departmento de Dermatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque and Hospital Simón Bolívar, Bogotá, ColombiaE‐mail: grodriguez@haemagogus.ins.gov.co Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Pages 205–207, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03988.x Published: 01 January 2001
Renin response to stimulation of cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors in man.
Authors: W Kiowski, S Julius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Plasma renin activity (renin) and hemodynamic response to venous pooling of blood in legs were studied in 24 healthy volunteers and four patients who after bilateral nephrectomy received a functioning renal transplant. Blood pressure cuffs were placed around subjects' thighs and inflated at a pressure 5 mm Hg below the individuals' diastolic pressures. 30 min after thigh cuff inflation, renin significantly increased in all volunteers (mean = 125%). Inflation of cuffs induced a decrease of right atrial pressure, cardiopulmonary blood volume, and cardiac output, but there were no changes in the extra-arterial systolic and diatoloic pressure or in the pressure amplitude. After cuffs were deflated, renin and hemodynamic parameters returned toward normal. In nine volunteers in whom thigh cuff inflation initially elicited renin increases, subsequent intravenous propranolol (0.25 mg/kg) abolished the response to repeated cuff inflation. The renin increase to thigh cuff inflation was absent or suppressed in four patients with a recently transplanted denervated kidney. It is concluded that thigh cuff inflation elicited a reflex-mediated renin increase, and that the reflex stemmed from stimulation of cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors.
Hypocholesterolemia in Myelofibrosis
Authors: George Spanos
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gilbert et al (<i>Blood</i>54(suppl):84, 1979) reported low serum cholesterol levels in 24 patients with polycythemia vera or myeloid metaplasia. We examined the records of 20 patients who had agnogenic myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. There were 12 men and eight women aged 42 to 94 years (x̄ = 70.5±14.5 SD), all without diseases known to alter plasma cholesterol levels. Seventeen patients (11 men and six women) had total plasma cholesterol values significantly lower than those reported in the Framingham study for age-matched men and women. Cholesterol levels for the total 20 population ranged from 61 mg/dL to 256 mg/dL (x̄ = 118.9±40.9 SD). This observed decrease did not seem to be related to levels of peripheral blood erythrocytes, neutrophils, or platelets, nor the degree of splenomegaly. The reason for the low serum cholesterol level in myelofibrosis is unknown.
Accidental awareness during anaesthesia is rarer than previously thought, audit shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A patient accidentally remaining aware during general anaesthesia occurs in about 1 in every 19 000 cases, the largest ever study of the complication has found—a much lower incidence than previous estimates.

Remaining conscious during general anaesthesia is one of the most common concerns that patients discuss before surgery. Some studies, which used a structured questionnaire to detect awareness immediately after anaesthesia, had estimated the incidence to be as high as 1 in 600.

The 5th National Audit Project,1 carried out by the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists …
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor does not promote transformation but confers a growth advantage in vivo to Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Authors: N Ferrara, J Winer, T Burton, A Rowland, M Siegel, H S Phillips, T Terrell, G A Keller, A D Levinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mitogen with a specificity for endothelial cells in vitro and an angiogenic inducer in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF may confer on expressing cells a growth advantage in vivo. Dihydrofolatereductase--Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected with expression vectors which direct the constitutive synthesis of VEGF. Neither the expression nor the exogenous administration of VEGF stimulated anchorage-dependent or anchorage-independent growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro. However, VEGF-expressing clones, unlike control cells, demonstrated an ability to proliferate in nude mice. Histologic examination revealed that the proliferative lesions were compact, well vascularized, and nonedematous. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that capillaries within the lesions were of the continuous type. These findings indicate that the expression of VEGF may confer on cells the ability to grow in vivo in the absence of transformation by purely paracrine mechanisms. Since VEGF is a widely distributed protein, this property may have relevance for a variety of physiological and pathological proliferative processes.
Occupational Exposure to Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Authors: Dale L. Morse
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In March 1977, a large volume of the industrial chemical hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HCCPD) was dumped into a municipal sewage system in Kentucky. We evaluated the health effects of exposure to HCCPD in 145 sewage treatment plant workers. We found that 85 (59%) had noted eye irritation, 65 (45%) had headaches, and 39 (27%) had throat irritation. Symptoms occurred throughout the plant; however, highest attack rates occurred in primary sewage treatment areas. Medical examination of 41 employees three days after the plant was closed showed proteinuria and elevation of serum lactic dehydrogenase levels; these findings were not present three weeks later. This episode demonstrates the toxicity of HCCPD and emphasizes the vulnerability of sewage workers to chemical toxins in wastewater systems.
Paternalistic over-ride
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In his letter to Consentius, the 5th century Gallic grammarian, on the subject of lying, St Augustine discussed the question of whether it would be permissible to conceal from a very ill man that his son had died, if it was thought that the truth would harm him. Although Augustine sympathised with the motive for the lie, he held that it was impermissible to tell it, for two reasons: because it was against scripture to lie, and because once lying for good causes was permissible it would soon spread and make trustful human communication more difficult.

The philosopher Sissela Bok generally takes more or less the same line, …
Biochemical testing for acute medical emergencies in four district general hospitals.
Authors: B T Williams, R A Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Comparable samples of 200 medical emergency admissions in four district general hospitals showed a threefold difference in the mean number of biochemical test values provided per patient, nearly all of which were obtained from blood specimens. Hospitals had consistently high or low mean numbers of values per patient for specific tests and clinical presentations and whether first or repeat tests were considered. Only 30 out of 188 different test types were reported at all four hospitals. Clinicians and chemical pathologists might benefit from regular expert advice on the most discriminating use of test information in cases with various clinical presentations.
Simultaneous Transurethral Prostatectomy and Herniorrhaphy
Authors: Jeffrey H. Herz
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Transurethral prostatectomy and herniorrhaphy were performed as a combined procedure for 63 patients during the period 1974 to 1978. The intraoperative and postoperative courses are compared with those of a control group of 82 patients who underwent herniorrhapies as an isolated procedure during the same period. The simultaneous performance of transurethral prostatectomy and herniorrhaphy in this group of patients was safe as well as cost-effective.
Role of CEA—A Challenge of a Verdict
Authors: Giora M. Mavligit
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Moertel et al (239:1065, 1978) leaves the reader with a pessimistic impression that "the CEA [carcinoembryonic antigen] assay is not a sensitive test for early detection of recurrence of colorectal cancer." Furthermore, the authors are also concerned about the "needless anxiety produced by premature knowledge of the presence of a fatal disease" in those (unfortunate?) cases where rising CEA levels may be helpful in early detection of recurrence because of "our limited therapeutic accomplishments under these circumstances." It is clear from the patient population studied by Moertel et al that only those with pelvic (local and regional) recurrence were<i>selected</i>for the study. In all fairness, these patients represent no more than 50% of the total population of colorectal cancer patients at risk after potentially curative surgery of the primary lesion. In this regard, the authors seem to ignore the relevant observations made
Capillary density and muscle fibre size in the hearts of rats subjected to simulated high altitude
Authors: D. R. CLARK, P. SMITH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Six Wistar rats were subjected to a barometric pressure of 50.7 kPa (380 mmHg) for 34 days. These rats and six controls were killed and their myocardial capillaries perfused with India ink. Hypoxia did not induce any proliferation of capillaries in the left ventricle neither did it lead to a reduction in myofibre size. In the right ventricle the capillary density was reduced largely due to a two-fold increase in myofibre area but there was an increase in the capillary: fibre ratio indicating a modest proliferation of capillaries secondary to right ventricular hypertrophy.
THE PREVENTION OF SHOCK AND HEMORRHAGE IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.
Authors: GEORGE W. CRILE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

INTRODUCTORY.  During the past eleven years I have conducted and experimental laboratory, in which some of the problems suggested in surgical practice have been investigated. On some we failed to throw any light; in some our results were inconclusive; and in others therir solution seemed to have been found, or at least useful data obtained. These were published in four monographs, to wit:  Shock, 1897; Research into the Surgery of the Respiratory System, 1899; Problems Relating to Surgical Operations, 1901; Blood Pressure in Surgery, 1903.  On the clinical side during a corresponding period, we accumulated notes on 5,800 major operations in general surgical service, including every variety excepting certain operations on the eye and ear.  The discussion of the various operations is only from the restricted viewpoint of the title of this paper. In the experimental as well as the clinical Work my associate, Dr. W. E. Lower, was actively engaged during this time and shares fully with me the responsibility for the results.
Synthesis of sulphated proteoglycans by rheumatoid and normal synovial tissue in culture.
Authors: J M Marsh, O W Wiebkin, S Gale, H Muir, R N Maini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Synthesis of sulphated proteoglycans by cell lines derived from explants of 7 rheumatoid and 9 normal specimens of synovial tissue, as well as by 7 lines of skin fibroblasts from non-rheumatoid patients, was examined. Cells of all 3 types were cultured as monolayers. They were then disaggregated and their capacity to synthesise proteoglycan estimated in cell suspensions by the incorporation of [35S]-sulphate into CPC-precipitable material during 2 hours of incubation. Cell suspensions incorporated somewhat more [35S]-sulphate than corresponding duplicate monolayers. Synovial cells from rheumatoid patients incorporated 2 to 3 times as much [35S]-sulphate as synovial cells from normals. Skin fibroblasts, however, incorporated less [35S]-sulphate than rheumatoid or normal synovial cells up to the fifth passage. Thereafter their incorporation gradually increased to overtake that of synovial cells. About one-half to one-third of the total [35S]-sulphate labelled material was closely associated with cells from synovial tissues and fibroblasts respectively.
Amantadine as an Antiviral Agent in Influenza
Authors: R.Gordon Douglas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Amantadine became the first antiviral agent available for systemic use in the United States when it was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration in 1966 for prophylaxis of Asian influenza (H2N2). In the first decade after its approval, the drug was not widely used for several reasons.1 The occurrence of side effects was worrisome. Furthermore, influenza does not have a specific clinical characteristic, such as paralysis or rash, and hence the disease required laboratory diagnosis, which was not readily available. Finally, with the major shift in strains that occurred with the appearance of influenza A/Hong . . .
Cigarette smoking and risk of osteoarthritis in women in the general population: the Chingford study.
Authors: D J Hart, T D Spector
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Previous studies have suggested that smoking might be protective against the development of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. A group of 1003 women aged 45-64 years (mean 54.2 years) from the Chingford general population survey were studied to examine the effect of cigarette smoking on the prevalence of radiologically confirmed OA at different sites. Standard anteroposterior radiographs of the hand and knee were available in 985 women. Disease classification was made on the basis of radiological OA and symptomatic radiological OA. Odds ratios were calculated and adjusted for age and body mass index. A total of 463 (46.2%) women were ever smokers compared with 540 (53.8%) non-smokers. Ever smokers had consumed an average of 14.9 cigarettes a day for a mean of 25.7 years. For radiological OA of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) (140 women), proximal interphalangeal joint (40 women), carpometacarpal joint (160 women), and knee joint (118, women) there was no reduced risk of OA in ever smokers. In the small number of subjects with generalised OA (22 women) there was a non-significant 40% reduction of radiological OA in ever smokers (odds ratio 0.63; 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 1.68). Results were similar for subjects with radiographic clinical OA, except the DIP joint which showed a positive association between smoking and Heberden9s nodes (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 1.89 to 3.42). Results were similar when analysed using current smokers against never smokers. These results do not support an inverse association between cigarette smoking and OA in women. A possible inverse relation with the small subgroup of women with generalised OA and an effect of cigarettes on disease severity cannot, however, be discounted.
Sustained virological response to antiviral therapy reduces mortality in HCV reinfection after liver transplantation
Authors: Francesco Paolo Picciotto, Giovanni Tritto, Alfonso Galeota Lanza, Luigi Addario, Massimo De Luca, GiovanGiuseppe Di Costanzo, Filippo Lampasi, Maria Teresa Tartaglione, Giuseppina Marino Marsilia, Fulvio Calise, Oreste Cuomo, Antonio Ascione
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
THE VALUE OF THE LEITER INCANDESCENT-LAMP URETHROSCOPE IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC URETHRAL DISCHARGES.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association at Nashville, Tenn., May 20, 1890.
Authors: JOHN B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Having used the Leiter incandescent-lamp urethroscope for some time with most gratifying results, both in the diagnosis and the treatment of chronic urethal discharges, I have felt that it would be of interest to present my views upon the advantages offered by this instrument, at the same time illustrating my remarks by the citation of a few of the many cases I have recorded in my case-book. The Leiter incandescent-lamp urethroscope (made by Leiter, of Vienna), consists of three pieces: the handle, the lantern, and the urethral canulæ, or tubes. The handle is made of vulcanized rubber and has upon its upper end a small incandescent lamp, which is connected with the two binding screws projecting from its lower end. The light steel spring on the side is the key by which the current is connected and broken. The handle fits into the bottom of the lantern. The lantern
Benefits and Costs of Using HPV Testing to Screen for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, William F. Lawrence, Sharita Mizell Womack, Denise Jacobson, Bin Yi, Yi Ting Hwang, Karen Gold, James Barter, Keerti Shah
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextDespite quality assurance standards, Papanicolaou (Pap) test characteristics remain less than optimal.ObjectiveTo compare the societal costs and benefits of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, Pap testing, and their combination to screen for cervical cancer.Design, Setting, and PopulationA simulation model of neoplasia natural history was used to estimate the societal costs and quality-adjusted life expectancy associated with 18 different general population screening strategies: Pap plus HPV testing, Pap testing alone, and HPV testing alone every 2 or 3 years among hypothetical longitudinal cohorts of US women beginning at age 20 years and continuing to 65 years, 75 years, or death.Main Outcome MeasureDiscounted costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved of each screening strategy.ResultsMaximal savings in lives were achieved by screening every 2 years until death with combined HPV and Pap testing at an incremental cost of $76 183 per QALY compared with Pap testing alone every 2 years. Stopping biennial screening with HPV and Pap testing at age 75 years captures 97.8% of the benefits of lifetime screening at a cost of $70 347 per QALY. Combined biennial HPV and Pap testing to age 65 years captures 86.6% of the benefits achievable by continuing to screen until age 75 years. Human papillomavirus screening alone was equally effective as Pap testing alone at any given screening interval or age of screening cessation but was more costly and therefore was dominated. In sensitivity analyses, HPV testing would be more effective and less costly than Pap testing at a cost threshold of $5 for an HPV test.ConclusionsScreening with HPV plus Pap tests every 2 years appears to save additional years of life at reasonable costs compared with Pap testing alone. Applying age limits to screening is a viable option to maintain benefits while reducing costs.
Intracellular calcium transients underlying interval-force relationship in whole rat hearts: effects of calcium antagonists
Authors: C. E. Zaugg, S. Kojima, S. T. Wu, J. Wikman-Coffelt, W. W. Parmley, P. T. Buser
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Much of the understanding about the cardiac interval-force relationship of the whole heart, including mechanical restitution and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), has been inferred from isolated muscle studies. We tested whether results from isolated muscles about intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i) transients underlying the interval-force relationship can be substantiated in whole hearts. Additionally, we investigated whether Ca2+ antagonists could alter [Ca2+]i transients underlying mechanical restitution and postextrasystolic potentiation.[Ca2+]i transients were studied in isolated perfused rat hearts by surface fluorometry and Indo-1. Using computer-controlled pacing protocols, we performed restitution curves for left ventricular developed pressure and [Ca2+]i (developed pressure and [Ca2+]i plotted as a function of extrasystolic intervals). To quantify restitution curves, we fitted monoexponential functions to plots and analyzed their shift and slope. Then, we used Ca2+ antagonists, low extracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]o) and PESP to modify restitution curves. [Ca2+]i transients in isolated rat hearts were interpreted as Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.Interval-dependent changes in developed pressure were strongly correlated to interval-dependent changes in the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transients in isolated whole rat hearts. Additionally, nifedipine and low [Ca2+]o led to similar downward shifts but not to a changed slope of restitution curves for [Ca2+]i. On the other hand, PESP increased the slope of restitution curves for [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, the effect of PESP on developed pressure was blunted by high concentrations of Ca2+ antagonists.The results from isolated muscles about [Ca2+]i transients underlying the interval-force relationship could be substantiated in whole hearts. Additionally, low [Ca2+]i (induced by nifedipine or low [Ca2+]o) decreased the maximal Ca2+ release of the sarcoplasmic reticulum but did not change the release kinetics. On the other hand, PESP presumably accelerated Ca2+ release kinetics of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy in an Outpatient Setting
Authors: Donald M. Poretz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A program has been developed for the outpatient administration of parenteral antibiotics. To date, more than 150 patients with osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyelonephritis, endocarditis, and other infections have been treated. Antibiotic solutions were prepared in the hospital pharmacy and given to the patient to be kept refrigerated at home until used. Patients administered their own antibiotics by means of a heparin lock, which was replaced every four days or when necessary. Complications were infrequent. Many patients were able to return to work while receiving therapy; others enjoyed the comfort of being at home. Cost reductions were substantial, calculated to be at least $142 a day, or the charge for a semiprivate room in 1981. In addition to the cost savings, critically needed hospital beds were freed for more acutely ill patients.