tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Cancer in the Older Patient
Authors: Christine Veenstra
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Targeting the Interleukin-6/Jak/Stat Pathway in Human Malignancies
Authors: Pasquale Sansone, Jacqueline Bromberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/Stat) pathway was discovered 20 years ago as a mediator of cytokine signaling. Since this time, more than 2,500 articles have been published demonstrating the importance of this pathway in virtually all malignancies. Although there are dozens of cytokines and cytokine receptors, four Jaks, and seven Stats, it seems that interleukin-6-mediated activation of Stat3 is a principal pathway implicated in promoting tumorigenesis. This transcription factor regulates the expression of numerous critical mediators of tumor formation and metastatic progression. This review will examine the relative importance and function of this pathway in nonmalignant conditions as well as malignancies (including tumor intrinsic and extrinsic), the influence of other Stats, the development of inhibitors to this pathway, and the potential role of inhibitors in controlling or eradicating cancers.
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders With Aquaporin-4 and Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibodies
Authors: Joanna Kitley, Patrick Waters, Mark Woodhall, M. Isabel Leite, Andrew Murchison, Jithin George, Wilhelm Küker, Saleel Chandratre, Angela Vincent, Jacqueline Palace
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Most patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and many with NMO spectrum disorder have autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Abs), but recently, myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Abs) have been found in some patients. Here, we showed that patients with NMO/NMOSD with MOG-Abs demonstrate differences when compared with patients with AQP4-Abs.To characterize the features of patients with NMO/NMOSD with MOG-Abs and compare them with patients with AQP4-Ab-positive NMO/NMOSD.This observational study was conducted at a single UK specialist center for NMO. Patients with a first demyelinating event between January 1, 2010, and April 1, 2013, seen within the Oxford NMO service and who tested positive for MOG-Abs or AQP4-Abs were included in the study.Cell-based assays using C-terminal-truncated human MOG and full-length M23-AQP4 were used to test patient serum samples for AQP4-Abs and MOG-Abs.Demographic, clinical, and disability data, and magnetic resonance imaging findings.Twenty AQP4-Ab-positive patients and 9 MOG-Ab-positive patients were identified. Most patients in both groups were white. Ninety percent of AQP4-Ab-positive patients but only 44% MOG-Ab-positive patients were females (P = .02) with a trend toward older age at disease onset in AQP4-Ab-positive patients (44.9 vs 32.3 years; P = .05). MOG-Ab-positive patients more frequently presented with simultaneous/sequential optic neuritis and myelitis (44% vs 0%; P = .005). Onset episode severity did not differ between the 2 groups, but patients with MOG-Abs had better outcomes from the onset episode, with better recovery Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and a lower risk for visual and motor disability. Myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive patients were more likely to have conus involvement on spinal magnetic resonance imaging (75% vs 17%; P = .02) and involvement of deep gray nuclei on brain magnetic resonance imaging (P = .03). Cerebrospinal fluid characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. A higher proportion of AQP4-Ab-positive patients relapsed (40% vs 0%; P = .03) despite similar follow-up durations.Despite the fact that patients with MOG-Abs can fulfill the diagnostic criteria for NMO, there are differences when compared with those with AQP4-Abs. These include a higher proportion of males, younger age, and greater likelihood of involvement of the conus and deep gray matter structures on imaging. Additionally, patients with MOG-Abs had more favorable outcomes. Patients with AQP4-Ab-negative NMO/NMOSD should be tested for MOG-Abs.
Felo-De-Se?
Authors: S. A. Winstanley
Journal: BMJ (1927)

The interaction between the immune system and the nervous system has been at the center of multiple research studies in recent years. Whereas the role played by cytokines as neuronal mediators is no longer contested, the mechanisms by which cytokines modulate pain processing remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have analyzed the involvement of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in nociceptor activation in male and female mice. Previous studies have suggested GM-CSF might directly activate neurons. However, here we established the absence of a functional GM-CSF receptor in murine nociceptors, and suggest an indirect mechanism of action, via immune cells. We report that GM-CSF applied directly to magnetically purified nociceptors does not induce any transcriptional changes in nociceptive genes. In contrast, conditioned medium from GM-CSF-treated murine macrophages was able to drive nociceptor transcription. We also found that conditioned medium from nociceptors treated with the well established pain mediator, nerve growth factor, could also modify macrophage gene transcription, providing further evidence for a bidirectional crosstalk. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The interaction of the immune system and the nervous system is known to play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain disorders. Elucidating the mechanisms of these interactions is an important step toward understanding, and therefore treating, chronic pain disorders. This study provides evidence for a two-way crosstalk between macrophages and nociceptors in the peripheral nervous system, which may contribute to the sensitization of nociceptors by cytokines in pain development.
Recurrent Pulmonary Infarction in Adult Chickenpox Pneumonia
Authors: Norris Glick, Stuart Levin, Kenrad Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The diagnosis of repeated pulmonary emboli was made for a 32-year-old man with chickenpox pneumonia. This case and previously reported cases emphasize that upon recognition, the treatment of pulmonary emboli occurring with chickenpox pneumonia may be the only specific therapy which can be offered to these often critically ill patients.
Magic, Medicine, and Religion
Authors: S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1953)

A 10% random sample of all bathers at a public swimming bath were examined for tinea pedis and verruca. The overall incidence of tinea pedis was 8·5% and of verruca 4·8%. The incidence of tinea pedis in 205 male adults was 21·5%, in 288 boys 6·3%, in 60 adult females 3·3%, and in 220 girls 0·9%. The incidence of verruca in juveniles ranged from 4·2% in boys to 10·5% in girls. It was clear that both infections spread within the baths, and since a relatively small proportion of users admitted to taking precautions to avoid contracting or developing infections it seems advisable that more publicity about recommendations on foot care should be provided.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE FEBRILE HERPETIC AND ALLIED VIRUSES IN VITRO
Authors: James E. McCartney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

These studies fail to confirm the statements previously made that microorganisms of the class of the globoid bodies of poliomyelitis may be cultivated in the Smith-Noguchi medium from the so called virus of encephalitis lethargica. They show equally that the herpes virus does not multiply in this medium. The experiments indicate, moreover, that the medium is unfavorable to the survival of the virus, while ordinary broth under aerobic conditions is more favorable for maintaining the activity of both the encephalitic and the herpes viruses. Probably no multiplication of either takes place in the latter medium but merely a survival, and for a maximum period of 6 days in the broth itself, and 12 days in the fragment of brain tissue immersed in the broth. Finally, it has been shown that with a suitable technique the viruses can be passed from the brain of one rabbit to that of another through a long series without contamination with cocci or other common bacterial forms. Hence we regard all reports of the finding of ordinary bacteria in the brain of cases of epidemic or lethargic encephalitis as instances of mixed or secondary infection arising during life, or examples of postmortem invasion of the body, or of faulty technique at the autopsy.
VOLKMANN'S ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE
Authors: HENRY W. MEYERDING
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The disastrous complication of injury which produces contracture of the flexor muscles of the fingers, wrist and forearm, described by Volkmann in 1869, interests every practicing physician. Modern mechanical devices and rapid transportation produce injuries of unusual severity, and those in attendance during the first hours have the responsibility of preventing the deformity, and often partial permanent disability. Once contracture is established, it challenges the most expert reconstructive surgical treatment. The results of a study of a series of 128 patients with Volkmann's ischemic contracture, therefore, are considered of sufficient interest to present here. Volkmann's ischemic contracture probably is not as rare as it would appear to be. It is referred to in the literature as Volkmann-Lesser paralysis, Volkmann's ischemic paralysis, myositis or contracture. I prefer the descriptive term ischemic contracture. Paralysis may be absent in these cases, or again it may be definite and may involve the distribution of
Achieving Meaningful Device Surveillance
Authors: John S. Rumsfeld, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Integrating health care for mothers and children in refugee camps and at district leve
Authors: Assad Hafeez, Rubina Riaz, Samin Ullah Shah, Javed Pervaiz, David Southall
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Health care for mothers and children is inadequate in most refugee situations and in poorly resourced countries.The authors argue that, as well as providing primary (home based) care for basic health care, there is a need to integrate primary care with adequately functioning hospital based care for a healthcare system to succeed In poorly resourced countries, a failure to link primary (home based) care effectively to that available in the local government run general hospitals is common.Communication between home based care and hospital based care is rare.The extremely poor services available in many district hospitals 1 deter families from taking their relatives there for treatment.The patients, supported by their families, would rather die at home than in an ineffective, poorly resourced, and often grossly unhygienic and unwelcoming hospital.There are often no effective links between the primary and hospital care facilities.If the sickest patients detected by primary health workers have nowhere to go, the system fails those most in need.Equally, both home based and hospital based care need to be individually functioning adequately as well as being integrated, and a poverty of services in either sector results in a failing healthcare system.A similar situation exists in camps for refugees, where the prime objective of humanitarian aid during emergencies (often of long standing when caused by armed conflict) is to prevent mortality through the delivery of primary health care and other basic services such as shelter, nutrition, water, sanitation, and protection.The public health doctors who largely control and direct the funds for primary health care, for sound reasons, regard this as the most cost effective approach.However, this form of aid does not address aspects of mortality and morbidity due to acute and serious medical, obstetric, and surgical problems or to chronic diseases that need specialist input.An absence of effective hospital care in or near refugee placements means that most of the sickest patients do not receive adequate treatment, undermining the effectiveness of the primary health care provided.From experience of emergency work in Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Kosovo and of healthcare delivery in Pakistan and sub-Saharan Africa, Child Advocacy International realised that both home based and hospital care need to be functioning adequately as well as being integrated and that a poverty of services in either sector resulted in a failing healthcare system.These experiences also emphasised the importance of maternal and child health services working closely together.
A patient with seizures, haemoptysis and dyspnoea
Authors: M Meysman, M Noppen, P Herregodts, W Vincken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

A 27 year old woman was admitted to hospital because of seizures, haemoptysis and dyspnoea. She had been diagnosed as having tuberous sclerosis with mental retardation, epilepsy and secondary hydrocephalia due to a cerebral tuber obstructing the foramen of Monroe. Two years prior to admission, the hydrocephalia of the lateral cerebral ventricles was corrected by a ventriculo-cardial shunt. The patient was a nonsmoker and had no history of asthma. One month before admission, she developed progressively worsening exertional dyspnoea, without coughing. Her medication included carbamazepine, 400 mg daily, and clonazepam, 3 mg daily. Physical examination showed a patient in moderate respiratory distress. Blood pressure was 130/90 mmHg, pulse rate 120 beats·min-1 and rectal temperature 36.5° C. Crackles were heard over both lungs. Neurological examination was normal. The patient had nodular lesions on her fingers and facial angiofibroma typical of tuberous sclerosis. Haemoglobin was 6.7 mmol·L-1 with a mean corpus-
An injectable hydrogel incorporating mesenchymal precursor cells and pentosan polysulphate for intervertebral disc regeneration
Authors: Jessica E. Frith, Andrew R. Cameron, Donna J. Menzies, Peter Ghosh, Darryl L. Whitehead, Stan Gronthos, Andrew C.W. Zannettino, Justin J. Cooper-White
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Effects of Estrogen Therapy on Hormonal Functions and Serum Lipids in Men with Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: ROGER W. ROBINSON, NORIO HIGANO, WILLIAM D. COHEN, RONALD C. SNIFFEN, JOSEPH W. SHERER
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Middle-aged men with coronary atherosclerosis were studied before and at intervals after initiation of estrogen therapy over a 12-month period. Serum lipid studies during treatment revealed consistent increases in phospholipid and α-lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased β-/α-lipoprotein cholesterol ratios. Concomitant endocrine studies demonstrated the expected testicular depression without apparent detriment to thyroid or adrenal function.
Terminal symptoms in children dying suddenly and unexpectedly at home. Preliminary report of the DHSS multicentre study of postneonatal mortality.
Authors: A N Stanton, M A Downham, J R Oakley, J L Emery, J Knowelden
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Terminal symptoms in 145 children who died suddenly and unexpectedly at home were investigated and compared with symptoms in 154 control children. Eighty-five (59%) of the children who died had had terminal symptoms, which in 69 cases (48%) appeared to have been major. Non-specific symptoms were especially common among the children who died. Symptoms were often present for several days before death. Only 12 of the 69 children who died with major symptoms had been seen by a doctor within 24 hours before death. We conclude that many deaths in young children might be prevented if doctors and parents were more aware of the importance of non-specific symptoms as markers of life-threatening illness.
Abstract 4757: CancerVaccine: Novel proteinase treatment of melanoma cancer cells produces a cancer vaccine with enhanced protective adaptive immune response
Authors: John A. Drewe, Yong Qian, Jin Shi, Michael McClurg, Weidong Li, Tom Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract To facilitate the development of whole cell cancer vaccines, harmless derivatives or variants of cancer cells, BioMedicure reports here the development of a specific proteinase treatment to produce a whole cell melanoma cancer vaccine that induced specific adaptive or acquired immune responses against cancer cells specifically. The melanoma CancerVaccine was derived by treatment in vitro of B16 melanoma cells with a proteinase formulation, TumoraseTM (T101, BioMedicure, San Diego, CA). Studies show that the resultant preparation is nonviable in vitro and that upon injection into wild type or nude mice does not initiate tumors. In contrast, the same B16 cancer cells treated with other proteinases, as an example trypsin, readily replicate in vitro and elicit tumors in vivo. Wild-type mice vaccinated subcutaneously at day 1 and 15 were protected against subsequent challenge by living B16 cancer cells, with most attaining a normal lifespan. In contrast, animals that were not vaccinated or those vaccinated with TumoraseTM -treated normal cells grew large tumors and had to be sacrificed within 30 days due to large tumor burden. Major breakthroughs for the melanoma CancerVaccine are enhanced recognition by the immune system as foreign as shown by the almost complete protection. Proposed is that the TumoraseTM -treated non viable cancer cells are now recognized as foreign enhancing the antigen presentation process thus promoting engulfment by macrophage and dendritic cells for the antigen presentation process. Preserved are most, if not all, intracellular antigens that are general to heterogeneous cancer cells as well as specific to the cancer type all at their natural copy number. As more antigen species proceed through the antigen presentation process, the immune system sorts out the highly antigenic epitopes. The procedure does not introduce new antigens that may confuse the immune system since there is no molecular manipulation of the cells. Simple production with potential improved and consistent quality can be achieved during the manufacturing of this vaccine. With the TumoraseTM -treated B16 melanoma cells CancerVaccine antigens are presented on surfaces of professional antigen presenters without interference of self-recognition molecular patterns giving a good immune response and robust protection from tumor challenge. All of these advantages lead to more potent immune responses covering a wide range of cancer cell mutations. Therefore, CancerVaccine is expected to be an improvement over other whole cell cancer vaccines including gamma-ray irradiated whole cell cancer vaccines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4757.
IgE response to recombinant allergens in patients sensitized to aspergillus in asthmatics and cystic fibrosis
Authors: V.P. Kurup, A.P. Knutsen, P.A. Greenberger, L.J. Castillo, N. Elms, M.B. Levy, K.J. Kelly, J.N. Fink
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: MATTHEW M. POGGI, NICHOLAS PATRONAS, JOHNATHAN A. BUTTMAN, STEPHEN M. HEWITT, BRIAN FULLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Although positron emission tomography (PET) is an established diagnostic method in brain and lung cancer, its use is often confined to research. The authors report a case of a minimally symptomatic intramedullary spinal cord metastasis, an uncommon and often diagnostically challenging lesion, that was confirmed by PET. A 37-year-old man with a history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with systemic agents, an autologous stem cell transplant, and local palliative radiotherapy with a 2-month history of vague right foot numbness and right leg dysesthesias was found to have an intramedullary lesion at the level of T12. Although the findings of magnetic resonance imaging suggested central necrosis, a PET scan revealed a metabolically active lesion and confirmed the diagnosis of intramedullary metastasis. PET can be used to detect and confirm intramedullary spinal cord metastatic carcinoma. PET imaging may have a vital role in clinical diagnosis by helping to distinguish diagnostically troublesome lesions based on metabolic activity.
Confusion and delays beset WHO's management of H1N1 pandemic
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Summary</h3> Aging causes molecular changes that manifest as stereotypical phenotypes yet aging-associated diseases progress only in certain individuals. At lineage-specific resolution, we show how stereotyped and variant responses are integrated in mammary epithelia. Age-dependent directional changes in gene expression and DNA methylation (DNAm) occurred almost exclusively in luminal cells and implicated genome organizers <i>SATB1</i> and <i>CTCF</i>. DNAm changes were robust indicators of aging luminal cells, and were either directly (anti-)correlated with expression changes or served as priming events for subsequent dysregulation, such as demethylation of <i>ESR1</i>-binding regions in DNAm-regulatory <i>CXXC5</i> in older luminal cells and luminal-subtype cancers. Variance-driven changes in the transcriptome of both luminal and myoepithelial lineages further contributed to age-dependent loss of lineage fidelity. The pathways affected by transcriptomic and DNAm changes during aging are commonly linked with breast cancer, and together with the differential variability found across individuals, influence aging-associated cancer susceptibility in a subtype-specific manner.