tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors at Newcastle made unfounded complaints about children's heart surgery at Leeds, finds report
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

An independent report for NHS England on the events surrounding a 12 day suspension of children’s heart surgery at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust has criticised doctors at the rival centre in Newcastle whose phone call partly triggered the closure.1

NHS England’s medical director Bruce Keogh asked the Leeds trust to suspend the services on 28 March 2013 after being alerted to worrying preliminary mortality data. A leading Birmingham surgeon had also raised concerns about consultant staffing shortages at the Leeds trust, and a senior paediatric cardiac surgeon at the Freeman Hospital in Newcastle had cast doubt on the safety and quality of services at the Leeds unit.

At the time, Leeds and Newcastle units were …
Association Between Antinuclear Antibodies and the HLA Class II Locus and Heterogeneous Characteristics of Staining Patterns: The Nagahama Study
Authors: Chikashi Terao, Koichiro Ohmura, Ryo Yamada, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Masakazu Shimizu, Yasuharu Tabara, Meiko Takahashi, Kazuya Setoh, Takeo Nakayama, Shinji Kosugi, Akihiro Sekine, Fumihiko Matsuda, Tsuneyo Mimori
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Objective While antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are observed in healthy populations as well as in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the detailed genetic background of ANAs has remained unclear. We undertook this study to identify the genetic determinants of ANAs in the general population in order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ANA production and to distinguish disease susceptibility genes from ANA production genes. Methods A total of 9,575 Japanese volunteers were registered, and their ANA levels were quantified using indirect immunofluorescence to analyze correlates of ANA positivity. Genetic studies were performed using 7,148 of the 9,575 subjects. We performed a genome‐wide association study using 3,185 subjects genotyped for 303,506 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), followed by a replication study of 3,963 subjects. HLA–DRB1 and HLA–DQB1 alleles were imputed, and associations between ANA positivity and the SNPs or the HLA alleles associated with SLE were analyzed. Results Female sex and old age were associated with ANA positivity, except for the nucleolar pattern. The T allele of rs2395185 in the HLA locus, which was in moderate linkage disequilibrium with HLA–DRB1*0405, was significantly associated with ANA positivity ( P = 1.3 × 10 −11 ). The T allele of rs2395185 displayed increasing effects on the frequency of speckled and homogeneous patterns ( P = 7.5 × 10 −12 and P = 2.2 × 10 −11 , respectively) but decreasing effects on the frequency of the nucleolar pattern ( P = 0.0045). The 7 SNPs and 4 HLA–DRB1 alleles associated with SLE did not display strong associations with ANA positivity. Conclusion SNP rs2395185 linked with HLA–DRB1*0405 is a genetic determinant of ANA production in the Japanese population. Overlapping of loci for susceptibility to SLE and to ANA positivity was limited. The nucleolar pattern showed different associations from other staining patterns, both with correlates of ANA positivity and with the HLA locus.
Bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax in a cannabis smoker
Authors: K. Goodyear, D. Laws, J. Turner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

echocardiogram on day 9 showed a persistent small pericardial effusion. COMMENTMeningococcal disease (infection with Neisseria meningitidis) presents with meningitis in up to 50% of cases and with septicaemia (with or without meningitis) in 5-20%. 1 According to a 1979 review by Laird et al., 2 symptomatic pericarditis occurs in under 1% of patients with meningitis.Its rarity is confirmed by recent data from France: meningococcal pericarditis was identified in just 13 cases out of 2091 reported to the National Reference Centre for Meningococcal Disease (Paris). 3Meningococcal pericarditis can be classified into three distinct groups. 4 Disseminated meningococcal disease with pericarditis is due to direct pericardial invasion by blood-borne N. meningitidis; pericarditis occurs within 7 days of infection.Isolated meningococcal pericarditis is pericardial infection without meningitis/meningococcaemia.Reactive meningococcal pericarditis is a late sequel (6-16 days) to meningococcal infection and is thought to be due to circulating immune complexes.The patient described here comes into the first category; the blood cultures taken at presentation were probably false-negatives.In previous case reports of this association, the first manifestations were nearly always those of meningitis, pericarditis being identified later by routine electrocardiography or by detection of a pericardial rub.Chest pain is seldom a feature. 2 We have found only two reports of the sequence described here-pericarditis preceding widespread meningococcal disease.A final point concerns pericarditis as a cause of raised troponin-T.This case serves as reminder that chest pain, ST changes and a positive troponin do not always signify an acute coronary syndrome.
5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine) treatment of hematopoietic malignancies: a multimechanism therapeutic approach?
Authors: Luca Sigalotti, Maresa Altomonte, Francesca Colizzi, Massimo Degan, Maurizio Rupolo, Vittorina Zagonel, Antonio Pinto, Valter Gattei, Michele Maio
Journal: Blood (2003)
Duty to Warn Third Parties
Authors: Almeta E. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In 1976, the California Supreme Court held in<i>Tarasoff v Regents of the University of California</i>, 551 P2d 334 (Cal 1976), that when a therapist determines or should determine that his patient presents a serious danger of violence to another, he has an obligation to use reasonable care to protect the intended victim against such danger. Furthermore, the court held that this duty could be discharged in one or more of the following ways: (1) by warning the victim or others likely to apprise the victim of danger; (2) by notifying the police; or (3) by taking whatever other steps are reasonably necessary under the circumstances. This duty imposed by<i>Tarasoff</i>has posed a dilemma to those in the medical community, particularly psychiatrists and psychotherapists. The dilemma arises because complete candor and trust are considered essential elements of the therapist-patient relationship. Disclosure of the patient's confidential communications to a third
SHIP-2 forms a tetrameric complex with filamin, actin, and GPIb-IX-V: localization of SHIP-2 to the activated platelet actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Jennifer M. Dyson, Adam D. Munday, Anne M. Kong, Richard D. Huysmans, Maria Matzaris, Meredith J. Layton, Harshal H. Nandurkar, Michael C. Berndt, Christina A. Mitchell
Journal: Blood (2003)
The kinetics of thermal instability in nanocrystalline silver and the effect of heat treatment on the antibacterial activity of nanocrystalline silver dressings
Authors: Breanne K. Landry, Patricia L. Nadworny, Oladipo E. Omotoso, Yadollah Maham, Jessica C. Burrell, Robert E. Burrell
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Gangliosides sensitize unresponsive fibroblasts to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.
Authors: J Moss, S Garrison, P H Fishman, S H Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Chemically transformed mouse fibroblasts did not raise their cyclic AMP level in response to Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. These fibroblasts did, however, incorporate exogenous mono-, di-, and trisialogangliosides. After the uptake of monosialoganglioside galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1), the cells responded to E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin. The di- and trisialogangliosides were considerably less effective. GM1, the putative cholera toxin (choleragen) receptor, has been implicated previously as the receptor for E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin based on the ability of the free ganglioside to inhibit the effects of toxin. This investigation establishes that the ganglioside, when incorporated into fibroblasts, serves a functional role in mediating the responsiveness to the toxin.
Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and health risk assessment.
Authors: M S Jaakkola, J M Samet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

This article addresses concepts of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure assessment relevant for health risk assessment based on human studies. We present issues that should be considered when selecting a method for ETS exposure assessment for the purposes of health risk assessment and review data on ETS exposure levels in the workplace and in home environments. Two types of estimates are needed for a quantitative risk assessment of the health effects resulting from occupational ETS exposure: (italic)a(/italic)) an unbiased estimate of the exposure-effect (or dose-response) relation between ETS and the health effect of interest, and (italic)b(/italic)) estimates of the distribution of ETS exposure in different workplaces. By combining the estimated exposure-effect relation with information on exposure distribution for a population of interest, we can calculate the proportions of disease cases attributable to occupational ETS exposure as well as the excess number of cases due to specified exposure conditions. Several dimensions of the exposure profile should be considered when assessing ETS exposure for estimating the exposure-effect relation, including the magnitude of exposure and the biologically relevant time specificity of exposure. The magnitude of exposure is determined by the ETS source strength, environmental factors modifying concentrations, and duration of exposure. Time specificity considerations include the latency period for each health outcome of interest, the time-exposure profile relevant for different disease mechanisms, and the sensitive age period with regard to health effects. The most appropriate indicator of ETS exposure depends on these factors and on the time period that can be assessed with different methods.
Publication of Clinical Trials Supporting Successful New Drug Applications: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Kirby Lee, Peter Bacchetti, Ida Sim
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background The United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves new drugs based on sponsor-submitted clinical trials. The publication status of these trials in the medical literature and factors associated with publication have not been evaluated. We sought to determine the proportion of trials submitted to the FDA in support of newly approved drugs that are published in biomedical journals that a typical clinician, consumer, or policy maker living in the US would reasonably search. Methods and Findings We conducted a cohort study of trials supporting new drugs approved between 1998 and 2000, as described in FDA medical and statistical review documents and the FDA approved drug label. We determined publication status and time from approval to full publication in the medical literature at 2 and 5 y by searching PubMed and other databases through 01 August 2006. We then evaluated trial characteristics associated with publication. We identified 909 trials supporting 90 approved drugs in the FDA reviews, of which 43% (394/909) were published. Among the subset of trials described in the FDA-approved drug label and classified as “pivotal trials” for our analysis, 76% (257/340) were published. In multivariable logistic regression for all trials 5 y postapproval, likelihood of publication correlated with statistically significant results (odds ratio [OR] 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.78–5.17); larger sample sizes (OR 1.33 per 2-fold increase in sample size, 95% CI 1.17–1.52); and pivotal status (OR 5.31, 95% CI 3.30–8.55). In multivariable logistic regression for only the pivotal trials 5 y postapproval, likelihood of publication correlated with statistically significant results (OR 2.96, 95% CI 1.24–7.06) and larger sample sizes (OR 1.47 per 2-fold increase in sample size, 95% CI 1.15–1.88). Statistically significant results and larger sample sizes were also predictive of publication at 2 y postapproval and in multivariable Cox proportional models for all trials and the subset of pivotal trials. Conclusions Over half of all supporting trials for FDA-approved drugs remained unpublished ≥ 5 y after approval. Pivotal trials and trials with statistically significant results and larger sample sizes are more likely to be published. Selective reporting of trial results exists for commonly marketed drugs. Our data provide a baseline for evaluating publication bias as the new FDA Amendments Act comes into force mandating basic results reporting of clinical trials.
STERILIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS WITH BETA-PROPIOLACTONE
Authors: F. B. Peck
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  The article by Allen and Murphy inThe Journal, April 16, page 1759, on the use of beta-propiolactone for sterilizing surgical instruments and the comment by Wisely and Falk in the issue of July 9, page 1161, concerning the carcinogenicity of beta-propiolactone have prompted several queries to us in regard to its possible toxicity in biological products. This letter is intended to correct some popular misconceptions concerning beta-propiolactone as it is used in these products.  The beta-propiolactone molecule remains stable only in the absence of water. In this state it is a caustic vesicant and is capable of producing chemical burns in the tissue in which it is placed. Of great importance is the fact that, in aqueous solutions, beta-propiolactone is rapidly and completely decomposed into hydracrylic acid, a molecule differing from lactic acid only in the position of the OH group. In the presence of aqueous
TCT-219 Higher Probability of Sucessful PCI in Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion of the Left Anterior Descending Artery (LAD-CTO) Compared to non LAD CTO PCI: A Single Center Study of 1,819 Consecutive Procedures
Authors: Giuseppe Alessandrino, Yves Louvard, Thierry Lefevre, Philippe Garot, Francesca Sanguineti, Bernard Chevalier, Thierry Unterseeh, Thomas Hovasse, Marie-Claude Morice
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Crizotinib in <i>ROS1</i>-Rearranged Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alice T. Shaw, Sai-Hong I. Ou, Yung-Jue Bang, D. Ross Camidge, Benjamin J. Solomon, Ravi Salgia, Gregory J. Riely, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Daniel B. Costa, Robert C. Doebele, Long Phi Le, Zongli Zheng, Weiwei Tan, Patricia Stephenson, S. Martin Shreeve, Lesley M. Tye, James G. Christensen, Keith D. Wilner, Jeffrey W. Clark, A. John Iafrate
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Chromosomal rearrangements of the gene encoding ROS1 proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) define a distinct molecular subgroup of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that may be susceptible to therapeutic ROS1 kinase inhibition. Crizotinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), ROS1, and another proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, MET.
LOWER EXTREMITY ARTERIAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN AT RISK FOR ARTERIAL INJURY AFTER CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Andrew C. Glatz, Samir Shah, Katherine Bates, Ann McCarthy, Kaitlyn Daniels, Dawei Xie, Xue Wang, Yoav Dori, Matthew Gillespie, Emile Mohler, Jonathan Rome
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Randomised double blind controlled study of recurrence of gastric ulcer after treatment for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: A T R Axon, C A O'Morain, K D Bardhan, J P Crowe, M F Dixon, A D Beattie, R P H Thompson, P M Smith, F D Hollanders, J H Baron, D A F Lynch, D S Tompkins, H Birrell, K R W Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether eradication of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection reduces recurrence of benign gastric ulceration. <b>Design:</b> Randomised, double blind, controlled study. Patients were randomised in a 1:2 ratio to either omeprazole 40 mg once daily for eight weeks or the same treatment plus amoxycillin 750 mg twice daily for weeks 7 and 8. A 12 month untreated follow up ensued. <b>Setting:</b> Teaching and district general hospitals between 1991 and 1994. <b>Subjects:</b> 107 patients with benign gastric ulcer associated with <i>H pylori</i>. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Endoscopically confirmed relapse with gastric ulcer (analysed with life table methods), <i>H pylori</i> eradication, and healing of gastric ulcers (Mantel-Haenszel test). <b>Results:</b> 172 patients were enrolled. Malignancy was diagnosed in 19; 24 were not infected with <i>H pylori</i>; four withdrew because of adverse events; and 18 failed to attend for start of treatment, leaving 107 patients eligible for analysis (35 omeprazole alone; 72 omeprazole plus amoxycillin). In the omeprazole/amoxycillin group 93% (67/72; 95% confidence interval 84% to 98%) of gastric ulcers healed and 83% (29/35; 66% to 94%) in the omeprazole group (P=0.103). Eradication of <i>H pylori</i> was 58% (42/72; 46% to 70%) and 6% (2/35; 1% to 19%) (P&lt;0.001) and relapse after treatment was 22% (16/72) and 49% (17/35) (life table analysis, P&lt;0.001), in the two groups, respectively. The recurrence rates were 7% (3/44) after successful <i>H pylori</i> eradication and 48% (30/63) in those who continued to be infected (P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Eradication of <i>H pylori</i> reduces relapse with gastric ulcer over one year. Eradication rates achieved with this regimen, however, are too low for it to be recommended for routine use. <h3>Key messages</h3> The occurrence of gastric ulcer is positively associated with <i>H pylori</i> infection Treatment to eradicate <i>H pylori</i> (omeprazole 40 mg once daily and amoxycillin 750 mg twice daily) reduces recurrence of gastric ulcers compared with omeprazole treatment alone Regardless of the treatment given, rates of recurrence of gastric ulcers were lower in patients with successful <i>H pylori</i> eradication compared with those who continued to be infected The rate of eradication of <i>H pylori</i> was 58% in the omeprazole/amoxycillin treatment group Rates of healing of gastric ulcers were not significantly higher in those patients who received eradication treatment
A 72-Year-Old Man With Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: P Albertsen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —I agree with Dr Miles and colleagues that the assessment of tumor burden and prognosis based on pretreatment data is highly uncertain. Unfortunately, without performing a radical prostatectomy, this is all the information available to patients and clinicians (beyond age and comorbidity) to arrive at an appropriate decision regarding treatment. Relying on pretreatment data such as serum PSA and tumor grade to predict treatment outcomes carries risks of both undertreatment and overtreatment. Precisely because pretreatment data are uncertain, clinicians must use this information from a population perspective to maximize the probability of suggesting an optimal treatment strategy for the majority of their patients. This is the essence of formal decision analysis.  Watchful waiting is delayed therapy and entails periodic reevaluation of available clinical data. Miles et al correctly state that the probability of cure with aggressive interventions likely is highest when patients are treated as early as possible.
Ionizing radiation: future etiologic research and preventive strategies.
Authors: S C Darby, P D Inskip
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Estimates of cancer risks following exposure to ionizing radiation traditionally have been based on the experience of populations exposed to substantial (and known) doses delivered over short periods of time. Examples include survivors of the atomic bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and persons treated with radiation for benign or malignant disease. Continued follow-up of these populations is important to determine the long-term effects of exposure in childhood, to characterize temporal patterns of excess risk for different types of cancer, and to understand better the interactions between radiation and other host and environmental factors. Most population exposure to radiation occurs at very low dose rates. For low linear energy transfer (LET) radiations, it often has been assumed that cancer risks per unit dose are lower following protracted exposure than following acute exposure. Studies of nuclear workers chronically exposed over a working lifetime provide data that can be used to test this hypothesis, and preliminary indications are that the risks per unit dose for most cancers other than leukemia are similar to those for acute exposure. However, these results are subject to considerable uncertainty, and further information on this question is needed. Residential radon is the major source of population exposure to high-LET radiation. Current estimates of the risk of lung cancer due to residential exposure to radon and radon daughters are based on the experience of miners exposed to much higher concentrations. Data indicate that lung cancer risk among miners is inversely associated with exposure rate, and also is influenced by the presence of other lung carcinogens such as arsenic in the mine environment. Further study of populations of radon-exposed miners would be informative, particularly those exposed at below-average levels. More direct evidence on the effects of residential exposure to radon also is desirable but might be difficult to come by, as risks associated with radon levels found in most homes might be too low to be quantified accurately in epidemiological studies.