tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A 55-Year-Old Woman With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Steven R. Goldring
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XX
Authors: Mohammed Saud Anwar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 March 1995Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XXMohammed Saud AnwarMohammed Saud AnwarSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-6-199503150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XX [1] gives detailed insight into the changing demographics in internal medicine. I believe, however, that a slight error was made in the interpretation of the demographics; it becomes even more important to discuss this issue because recommendations are often based on these interpretations.According to Table 2 in the article, 99% of U.S. medical school graduates are in group D, 43% of whom go directly into subspecialty training (the highest percentage among all the groups). The authors have attributed this high percentage in both groups C and D to ...REFERENCE1. Lyttle CS, Levey GS. The National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XX. The changing demographics of internal medicine residency training programs. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:435-41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 6Page: 477-478KeywordsGraduate medical education Issue Published: 15 March 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Improving healthcare services for men
Authors: Ian Banks
Journal: BMJ (2009)

CD200 is a cell surface glycoprotein that functions through engaging CD200 receptor on cells of the myeloid lineage and inhibits their functions. Expression of CD200 has been implicated in a variety of human cancer cells including melanoma cells and has been thought to play a protumor role. However, our previous studies using B16 melanoma and J558 plasmacytoma models suggest that tumor expressed CD200 may inhibit tumor growth and metastasis via shaping tumor microenvironment. In this study, we have further evaluated the role of CD200R signaling in tumor growth and metastasis using CD200R-deficient mice. We found that CD200R-deficient mice exhibited accelerated growth of CD200-positive, but not CD200-negative B16 tumors. Strikingly, CD200R-deficient mice receiving CD200-positive B16 cells intravenously exhibited massive tumor growth in multiple organs including liver, lung, kidney and peritoneal cavity, while the growth of the same tumors in wild type mice is limited. CD200-positive tumors grown in CD200R-deficient mice contained higher numbers of CD11b<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>+</sup> myeloid cells, exhibited increased expression of VEGF and HIF-1a genes with increased angiogenesis and showed significantly reduced infiltration of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. The Liver from CD200R-deficient mice under metastatic growth of CD200-positive tumors contained significantly increased numbers of CD11b<sup>+</sup>Gr1<sup>−</sup> myeloid cells, FoxP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells; liver T cells also had reduced capacity in the production of IFN-g or TNF-a. Taken together, we have revealed critical roles of CD200R signaling in limiting the growth and metastasis of CD200 positive tumors.
Group calls on Indian government to ban "degrading" finger test after rape
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The campaigning group Human Rights Watch is urging the Indian government to ban the use of the “finger” test on women who have been raped, which it says is degrading and unscientific.

Many Indian hospitals routinely subject women who have been raped to the test to determine whether they are “habituated” to sexual intercourse, and defence lawyers continue to rely on the “results” of the test in court, says a report from the group.

The practice involves a doctor inserting fingers in the woman’s vagina to determine the presence or absence of the hymen and the …
Indirect relation between rises in oxygen consumption and left ventricular output at birth in lambs.
Authors: J J Smolich, M Soust, P J Berger, A M Walker
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

To examine the relation between increased newborn oxygen requirements and the postnatal rise in cardiac output, we measured left ventricular (LV) output, organ blood flows, and whole-body oxygen consumption using radioactive microspheres in late-gestation sheep fetuses and in the same animals 1 and 4 hours after cesarean section delivery. LV output rose from 264 +/- 23 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1 in fetuses to 444 +/- 33 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1 in lambs at 1 hour after delivery (p less than 0.005) and was unchanged at 4 hours after delivery. This rise in LV output was associated with a more than fourfold increase in the LV flow contribution to tissues situated distal to the ductus arteriosus (fetus, 51 +/- 9 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1; lamb, 226 +/- 22 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1; p less than 0.005), which were mainly perfused by the right ventricle in utero. However, average blood flow to body tissues was similar in fetuses (37 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g tissue-1), 1-hour lambs (39 +/- 4 ml.min-1.100 g tissue-1), and 4-hour lambs (40 +/- 5 ml.min-1.100 g tissue-1). Oxygen consumption increased by 58%, from 7.84 +/- 0.43 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1 in fetuses to 12.38 +/- 2.4 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1 in 1-hour lambs (p less than 0.01), and was unchanged in 4-hour lambs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MATERNAL MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: S. JOSEPHINE BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The United States holds at present an unenviable position with regard to its maternal mortality rate. According to the latest available statistics, this country ranks nineteenth among the twenty nations of the world which can offer data on this subject. The only civilized country that shows a higher death rate among women from accidents and diseases incident to childbirth is Chile. Moreover, the maternal mortality rate in the United States is one-third higher than that of England and Wales and more than twice as high as that of Denmark, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand and Sweden. Even allowing for possible doubt as to the entire accuracy of the statistics from the countries studied, and taking into consideration the varying methods used in computing these rates, it is evident that the present obstetric practice does not assure to the women of this country the safety which they have the right to
Echocardiography of Mitral Valve in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. M. NOMEIR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Echocardiography of Mitral Valve in Rheumatoid ArthritisA. M. NOMEIR, M.D., L. E. WATTS, M.D., R. TURNER, M.D.A. M. NOMEIR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. E. WATTS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. TURNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-494 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Davia and colleagues, "Absence of Echocardiographic Abnormalities of the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet in Rheumatoid Arthritis" (Ann Intern Med 83:500-502, 1975), is an interesting one. Since our findings (1) were quoted in their article, certain comments should be made.Our study was an attempt to identify potential cardiac abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis by using echocardiographic methods as part of the overall prospective survey. We found a mild slowing of the EF slope in several patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as compared with large groups of normal persons and as reported from other studies. This finding...References1. NOMEIRTURNERWATTS ARE: Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med 79:800-806, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEBOWITZ W: The heart in rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid disease). A clinical and pathological study of sixty-two cases. Ann Intern Med 58:102-123, 1963 LinkGoogle Scholar3. BACONGIBSON PD: Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. An echocardiographic study. Ann Rheum Dis 33:20-24, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PRAKASHATASSIROSEN RAK: Prevalence of pericardial effusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without cardiac symptoms. N Engl J Med 289:597-600, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. FEIGENBAUM H: Hazards of echocardiography interpretation (editorial). N Engl J Med 289:1311, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Neurology The Bowman Gray School of Medicine Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiac Involvement in Rheumatoid ArthritisEchocardiographic assessment of cardiac structure and function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4Page: 494-495KeywordsEchocardiographyRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Interspecies communication in bacteria
Authors: Michael J. Federle, Bonnie L. Bassler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Until recently, bacteria were considered to live rather asocial, reclusive lives. New research shows that, in fact, bacteria have elaborate chemical signaling systems that enable them to communicate within and between species. One signal, termed AI-2, appears to be universal and facilitates interspecies communication. Many processes, including virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and motility, are controlled by AI-2. Strategies that interfere with communication in bacteria are being explored in the biotechnology industry with the aim of developing novel antimicrobials. AI-2 is a particularly attractive candidate for such studies because of its widespread use in the microbial kingdom.
Insulin-Dependent Diabetes in Colorado
Authors: Magdalena Cook
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The efforts to establish accurate population-based data on type I diabetes are critically needed. The report on the first known effort in this country to obtain statewide epidemiologic data on earlyonset diabetes in North Dakota (1983; 249:329) was, therefore, of great interest. Similar efforts to collect statewide epidemiologic data on insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have been ongoing in Colorado for approximately one year and in Rhode Island for approximately four years. Both research efforts are located in the state departments of health, in diabetes control programs that are funded by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).  In December 1981, the Colorado Diabetes Control Program received supplemental funding from the CDC to examine patterns of medical care and education that take place at initial diagnosis of IDDM for persons whose conditions were diagnosed after Jan 1, 1978, and who were younger than 18 years at the time of diagnosis.
Effects of indomethacin on the vascular abnormalities of Bartter's syndrome.
Authors: C J Richards, A L Mark, D E Van Orden, G J Kaloyanides
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We examined the hypothesis that the vascular abnormalities of Bartter's syndrome are due to excess production of prostaglandin. Balance studies and vascular reactivity studies were performed before and after indomethacin (200 mg/day) in a patient with well-documented Bartter's syndrome. During indomethacin, potassium balance became positive, serum potassium rose from 2.1--3 mEq/1 in the absence of potassium supplementation, plasma renin activity decreased from 55--3.2 ng/day and peripheral plasma PGA-like activity fell from 1460 +/- 220 to 456 +/- 71 pg/ml. Before indomethacin, forearm vasoconstrictor responses to brachial arterial infusions of angiotensin II, norepinephrine and to neurogenic reflex stimulation elicited by lower body suction were greatly depressed compared to those of normal subjects. During indomethacin these responses were restored to normal. The dose of intravenous angiotensin II required to increase diastolic blood pressure 20 mm Hg decreased from 160--30 ng/kg/min. These data support the hypothesis that the vascular insensitivity to exogenous angiotensin II, norepinephrine and to neurogenic reflex stimulation observed in this patient with Bartter's syndrome is due to excess prostaglandin. Moreover, stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in this syndrome appears to be a compensatory adaptation to excess prostaglandin production.
A novel approach to typhus
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2007)

One of the most famous medical students in all literature is Bazarov, the young nihilist in Turgenev's Fathers and Sons. A forerunner of the revolutionary class in Russia, if not of the revolution itself, he accepts nothing, questions everything, and believes with religious intensity in the ability of the natural sciences to answer all questions. He falls in love, and begins to glimpse the inadequacy of his pain-in-the-neck philosophy.

As a student, I was a little like Bazarov and thought I was God's gift to philosophy, until it dawned on me that I had never had an original thought in my life and, what was more, that I was never going …
On writing prescriptions
Authors: S. V Ramanan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

As a house officer on call in a suburban London hospital, I found my nocturnal forays often took me to areas of the hospital I rarely visited.

Wandering around listlessly one night, I found myself in the radiology department. Deep from its innards, there emerged a gaunt figure I recognised as a radiology technician. He must have been 100 years old, or so I thought. I had seen him before, …
Murine recovery from busulfan‐induced hematopoietic toxicity as assessed by three assays for colony‐forming cells
Authors: Dane R. Boggs, Sallie S. Boggs, Paul A. Chervenick, Kenneth D. Patrene
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract These studies were designed to explore further the interrelationships between various stem cell and other hematopoietic compartments of the mouse. Busulfan (BU) has been shown by others to have a profound effect on the transplantable pluripotent stem cells capable of forming colonies on spleens (CFU) of lethally irradiated recipients – more so than on cells of differentiated compartments. Another presumed assay of pluripotent stem cells consists of counting colonies on spleens of nontransplanted sublethally irradiated mice as a quantitation of endogenous colony‐forming units (E‐CFU). We examined and compared BU‐induced damage and recovery as measured by E‐CFU, CFU, CFU‐C, total cellularity of marrow, peroxidase‐positive cells per marrow, spleen weight, radioactive iron uptake into spleen and marrow, and hematocrit. E‐CFU were severely damaged by BU, but recovery was significantly more rapid than that measured for CFU. These results were compatible with other data suggesting that cycling stem cells are more likely to survive radiation and less likely to survive removal and transplantation. Thus, the actual number of pluripotent stem cells lies between the CFU and E‐CFU values. Damage to more mature granulocytic and erythrocytic compartments lagged behind damage to E‐CFU and CFU. Abortive rises in these more mature compartments were observed, which suggested limited but distinct self‐replication activity of “stem cells” more differentiated than the CFU, E‐CFU systems. Time of final recovery of the damaged hematopoietic system was compatible with a concept of recovery of pluripotent stem cell system(s) preceding recovery of more mature compartments.
Right and left ventricular volume characteristics in children with pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum.
Authors: M Nakazawa, R A Marks, J Isabel-Jones, J M Jarmakani
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) volume variables were calculated in 27 patients with pulmonary stenosis (PS) during routine cardiac catheterization. These included 21 patients with isolated PS (group I) and seven studies in six patients (group II) with PS and right-to-left atrial shunt. Right and left ventricular volumes were calculated according to Simpson's rule and the area length methods respectively. In group I, right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) was not different from normal, RVEF (0.70 +/- 0.02) was significantly higher than normal, and right ventricular stroke index (RVSI) (4.36/L/min/M2 +/- 0.23) was normal. The RVEDV/LVEDV ratio was significantly less than normal (P=0.001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that RVEDV (% of normal) decreased with both age and severity of RV outflow obstruction (r=0.77). In group II, RVEDV and RVSI were both less than normal (P less than 0.001), while RVEF was normal. LVEDV in the group was slightly higher than normal (P=0.026) while LVEF was less than normal (P=0.027) and resulted in normal LVSI. The data suggest that RV and LV function in children with isolated PS are normal, and that knowledge of the RV volume variables is not essential for the management of these patients. In contrast, hearts of patients with PS and right-to-left interatrial shunt have evidence that suggest depressed ventricular function, and the quantitation of RV volume may be helpful in the management of these patients.
The Numbers Game, or Is Small Beautiful?
Authors: Nigel K. Roberts, Shan Cretin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

During the past 20 years, innovative surgical and medical techniques have been applied to a variety of congenital cardiac defects. Among these techniques are the Mustard operation1 and the Jatene operation switching the pulmonary artery and aorta2 for complete transposition of the great arteries; the Rastelli outflow patch and right ventricular conduit3; the Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia4; and the balloon septostomy of Rashkind.5 Such procedures have dramatically altered the prospects of survival for many children born with cardiac defects, and in so doing they are creating a totally different profile of congenital cardiovascular disease.6 In 1976 an . . .
The contribution of general practice and the general practitioner to NHS patients
Authors: Tim Wilson, Martin Roland, Chris Ham
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

BACKGROUNDThe English Department of Health is currently shining the spotlight of health service reform on primary care, particularly general practice, in the form of a white paper on Health outside Hospitals.In essence the Department is heralding the introduction of competition into general practice, especially in under doctored areas, with the aim of offering patients a choice of practice and to introduce market forces into general practice provision. 1,2This follows hard on the heels of a completely new contract for general practice, introduced in April 2004, which probably represents the most ambitious pay for performance contract seen in health care anywhere in the world. 3iven this background, the authors use this article to reappraise the current evidence regarding general practice within the UK National Health Service (NHS), reflecting on its contribution, inherent advantages and shortcomings.
Emerging role of G protein-coupled receptors in microvascular myogenic tone
Authors: G. Kauffenstein, I. Laher, K. Matrougui, N. C. Guerineau, D. Henrion
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Blood flow autoregulation results from the ability of resistance arteries to reduce or increase their diameters in response to changes in intravascular pressure. The mechanism by which arteries maintain a constant blood flow to organs over a range of pressures relies on this myogenic response, which defines the intrinsic property of the smooth muscle to contract in response to stretch. The resistance to flow created by myogenic tone (MT) prevents tissue damage and allows the maintenance of a constant perfusion, despite fluctuations in arterial pressure. Interventions targeting MT may provide a more rational therapeutic approach in vascular disorders, such as hypertension, vasospasm, chronic heart failure, or diabetes. Despite its early description by Bayliss in 1902, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MT remain poorly understood. We now appreciate that MT requires a complex mechanotransduction converting a physical stimulus (pressure) into a biological response (change in vessel diameter). Although smooth muscle cell depolarization and a rise in intracellular calcium concentration are recognized as cornerstones of the myogenic response, the role of wall strain-induced formation of vasoactive mediators is less well established. The vascular system expresses a large variety of Class 1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) activated by an eclectic range of chemical entities, including peptides, lipids, nucleotides, and amines. These messengers can function in blood vessels as vasoconstrictors. This review focuses on locally generated GPCR agonists and their proposed contributions to MT. Their interplay with pivotal Gq-11 and G12-13 protein signalling is also discussed.