tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Androgen Receptor Expression Is Greater in Macrophages From Male Than From Female Donors
Authors: Jane A. McCrohon, Alison K. Death, Shirley Nakhla, Wendy Jessup, David J. Handelsman, Keith K. Stanley, David S. Celermajer
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Male sex is an independent risk factor for the extent and severity of atherosclerosis. The influence of androgens on foam cell formation, a key event in atherogenesis, has not yet been investigated. Methods and Results —Primary human monocytes were allowed to differentiate into macrophages. RNA was then extracted from healthy male-donor (n=8) and premenopausal female-donor (n=8) macrophages, and message for the androgen receptor (AR) was examined by RT-PCR. There was a significantly higher level of AR mRNA in macrophages isolated from men than in those from women (0.64±0.06 versus 0.15±0.02 amol/μg total RNA; P &lt;0.001). AR mRNA levels were similar in macrophages from postmenopausal and premenopausal women ( P =0.16). The functional consequence of this sex difference was then explored. Lipid-loading studies were performed on male (n=9) macrophages treated with the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or the AR antagonist hydroxyflutamide. These showed that DHT caused a dose-dependent and receptor-mediated increase in macrophage cholesteryl ester content (109±10%, 117±3%, and 120±4% for 4, 40, and 400 nmol/L DHT, respectively, as a percentage of control, P =0.002; 95±8% for DHT with hydroxyflutamide, P =0.58 versus controls). By contrast, there was no significant effect of androgen on lipid loading in female-donor macrophages ( P &gt;0.2 versus controls). Conclusions —Sex differences in androgen-mediated macrophage lipid loading may contribute to the greater prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in men.
India launches stroke registry to combat "epidemic"
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

India has launched a stroke registry to collect data relating to cases of stroke from institutions and individual specialists across the country, to try to explain the high national incidence of stroke. 

The registry is being run by the National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Bangalore, where staff members have started the process of collating data on stroke patients from institutions and individual specialists who have registered with the programme.

The stroke registry programme aims to collect comprehensive information not only …
CHRONIC RINGWORM OF THE SCALP.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Ringworm of the scalp has come to be regarded by those who know most about it as one of the most troublesome diseases of the skin; it is also much more frequent than is commonly supposed. While the other forms of trichophytic disease occur more or less frequently in adults, its appearance on the scalp belongs especially to childhood. In the writer's private practice there were only 2.5 per cent. of patients thus affected who were over 13 years of age, and about the same proportion in public practice; it may affect those but a few months old. The damage that the parasite may do in some patients is so slight that the disease is often overlooked and undoubtedly there are many cases which go for years untreated, endangering those around them, as the writer has repeatedly observed both in public and private practice. Alder Smith, of London,<sup>1</sup>has known
HEMOSTASIS OF THE BROAD LIGAMENT.
Authors: Henry P. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The almost universal employment of the absorbable ligature in surgery of the broad ligament is in itself a confession of the imperfection of our present methods, a protest against the retention of the foreign body in peritoneal wounds, an admission that the less ligature material we use the better. A glance back over the last few decades gives an impressive showing of efforts to do away with it altogether, and while no instrument or appliance has yet been offered upon which we can rely in all circumstances, the écraseur. thermocautery, torsion, retention forceps, electrothermic forceps and the angiotribe mark the several stages of progression towards the ideal hemostatic. This should insure: 1. Absolute security against hemorrhage, primary or secondary. 2. Protection against septic contamination. 3. The minimum injury to the parts treated. 4. Absence of foreign bodies from the wound. By the use of the electrothermic forceps and the angiotribe
Haemophilus influenzae endophthalmitis.
Authors: K Boomla, R P Quilliam
Journal: BMJ (1981)

East.-9 Fifthly, far from having no side effects as stated by Dr Haworth, mepacrine in doses of 100 mg/day is well known to cause in a proportion of persons mental disturbances, aplastic anaemia, and derma- toses.I " Finally, not one but six of the seven signatories have recent experience of practising medicine in the tropics.This brings us to the substance of our recommendations.In areas of chloroquine resistance our first recommendation would be Fansidar, but there is need for an alternative during pregnancy and for those sensitive to sulphonamides.In our view the risks from malaria are greater than the risks from twice-weekly Maloprim.Nevertheless, it is only fair to state that whereas our recommendations were made in conformity with those of a committee at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, that committee decided at a subsequent meeting on 14 January to err on the side of caution and to recommend a once-weekly dose of Maloprim for those who need to take it.The subject needs further study.However, on the basis of our own and other people's experience we believe that the recommendations were the best available in the light of current knowledge.
The Bedside Evaluation
Authors: Neil A. Louwrens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters17 January 2012The Bedside EvaluationNeil A. Louwrens, MDNeil A. Louwrens, MDFrom Mercy Medical Center, Redding, CA 96001.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Verghese and colleagues (1) addresses many concerns about departure from the tried-and-true thorough bedside clinical evaluation. Could it be that the solution to health care overspending is indeed at our fingertips? Who would have thought that in our traditional teaching of “look, listen, and feel,” we would find our students only “looking”—albeit in the form of dazzling imaging modalities—and sadly aborting the importance of the latter two?To use all of our faculties is unavoidably time-consuming. However, this article highlights what patients really want: time and touch. It seems that they are, after all, ...Reference1. Verghese A, Brady E, Kapur CC, Horwitz RI. The bedside evaluation: ritual and reason. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:550-3. [PMID: 22007047] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mercy Medical Center, Redding, CA 96001.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Bedside Evaluation: Ritual and Reason Abraham Verghese , Erika Brady , Cari Costanzo Kapur , and Ralph I. Horwitz The Bedside Evaluation Anthony O. Ogedegbe Metrics 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: 170KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careTouch ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hepatitis B and Gum Chewing
Authors: JERAL L. AHTONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981Hepatitis B and Gum ChewingJERAL L. AHTONE, M.D., NORMAN J. PETERSEN, S.M.JERAL L. AHTONE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NORMAN J. PETERSEN, S.M.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-242_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Leichtner and associates (1) is a straightforward presentation of evidence supporting horizontal transmission of hepatitis B in two families. However, by the number of calls we at the Hepatitis Laboratories Division, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, have received about this paper, it would appear that the authors' repeated use of the term "nonparenteral" may have caused confusion about the actual mode of transmission. We have pointed out the linguistic ambiguity of the term "nonparenteral" and have suggested that both it and "parenteral" be eliminated as classifiers in the lexicon of modes of hepatitis...References1. LEICHTNERLECLAIRGOLDMANNSCHUMACHERGEWOLBKATZ AJDRIA. Horizontal nonparenteral spread of hepatitis B among children. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:346-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Hepatitis B transmission modes: evidence against enteric transmission. Hepatitis Surveillance Rep. 1977;41(Sept):20-2. Google Scholar3. KRUGMANGILESHAMMOND SJJ. Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection. JAMA 1967;200:365-73. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. FEINMANBERRISREBANESINCLAIRWILSONWROBEL SBAJSD. Failure to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in feces of HBsAg-positive persons. J Infect Dis. 1979;140:407-10. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. PETERSENBARRETTBOND NDW. Hepatitis B surface antigen in saliva, impetiginous lesions, and the environment in two remote Alaskan villages. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1976;32:572-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JERAL L. AHTONE, M.D.; NORMAN J. PETERSEN, S.M.Affiliations: Centers for Disease Control Phoenix, AZ 85014 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 242-242KeywordsHepatitisHepatitis B ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Joint analysis of three genome-wide association studies of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese populations
Authors: Chen Wu, Zhaoming Wang, Xin Song, Xiao-Shan Feng, Christian C Abnet, Jie He, Nan Hu, Xian-Bo Zuo, Wen Tan, Qimin Zhan, Zhibin Hu, Zhonghu He, Weihua Jia, Yifeng Zhou, Kai Yu, Xiao-Ou Shu, Jian-Min Yuan, Wei Zheng, Xue-Ke Zhao, She-Gan Gao, Zhi-Qing Yuan, Fu-You Zhou, Zong-Min Fan, Ji-Li Cui, Hong-Li Lin, Xue-Na Han, Bei Li, Xi Chen, Sanford M Dawsey, Linda Liao, Maxwell P Lee, Ti Ding, You-Lin Qiao, Zhihua Liu, Yu Liu, Dianke Yu, Jiang Chang, Lixuan Wei, Yu-Tang Gao, Woon-Puay Koh, Yong-Bing Xiang, Ze-Zhong Tang, Jin-Hu Fan, Jing-Jing Han, Sheng-Li Zhou, Peng Zhang, Dong-Yun Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Ying Huang, Chunling Liu, Kan Zhai, Yan Qiao, Guangfu Jin, Chuanhai Guo, Jianhua Fu, Xiaoping Miao, Changdong Lu, Haijun Yang, Chaoyu Wang, William A Wheeler, Mitchell Gail, Meredith Yeager, Jeff Yuenger, Er-Tao Guo, Ai-Li Li, Wei Zhang, Xue-Min Li, Liang-Dan Sun, Bao-Gen Ma, Yan Li, Sa Tang, Xiu-Qing Peng, Jing Liu, Amy Hutchinson, Kevin Jacobs, Carol Giffen, Laurie Burdette, Joseph F Fraumeni, Hongbing Shen, Yang Ke, Yixin Zeng, Tangchun Wu, Peter Kraft, Charles C Chung, Margaret A Tucker, Zhi-Chao Hou, Ya-Li Liu, Yan-Long Hu, Yu Liu, Li Wang, Guo Yuan, Li-Sha Chen, Xiao Liu, Teng Ma, Hui Meng, Li Sun, Xin-Min Li, Xiu-Min Li, Jian-Wei Ku, Ying-Fa Zhou, Liu-Qin Yang, Zhou Wang, Yin Li, Qirenwang Qige, Wen-Jun Yang, Guang-Yan Lei, Long-Qi Chen, En-Min Li, Ling Yuan, Wen-Bin Yue, Ran Wang, Lu-Wen Wang, Xue-Ping Fan, Fang-Heng Zhu, Wei-Xing Zhao, Yi-Min Mao, Mei Zhang, Guo-Lan Xing, Ji-Lin Li, Min Han, Jing-Li Ren, Bin Liu, Shu-Wei Ren, Qing-Peng Kong, Feng Li, Ilyar Sheyhidin, Wu Wei, Yan-Rui Zhang, Chang-Wei Feng, Jin Wang, Yu-Hua Yang, Hong-Zhang Hao, Qi-De Bao, Bao-Chi Liu, Ai-Qun Wu, Dong Xie, Wan-Cai Yang, Liang Wang, Xiao-Hang Zhao, Shu-Qing Chen, Jun-Yan Hong, Xue-Jun Zhang, Neal D Freedman, Alisa M Goldstein, Dongxin Lin, Philip R Taylor, Li-Dong Wang, Stephen J Chanock
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Over the counter drugs in Bangladesh.
Authors: M A Azhar, H A Ahasan, M A Chowdhury, A K Rafiqueuddin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

kinase advocated by Eamshaw and Beard.23 Their conclusion that "intraoperative thrombolysis . .has considerable advantages" is surprising given the paucity of experience with the technique.We suggest that surgeons interested in the technique should first discuss it with a vascular radiologist and perhaps carry out thrombolysis in the angiographic suite before surgery if required.
Comparison between the 133Xe clearance method and the microsphere technique in cerebral blood flow determinations in the dog.
Authors: F C Fan, R Y Chen, G B Schuessler, S Chien
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We compared the 1M Xe clearance method and the microsphere technique (15-pm spheres) for cerebral blood flow determination in 16 mongrel dogs.The lu Xe clearance curve obtained from sampling dorsal sagittal sinus blood following left ventricular injection showed either two or three components.Blood flow calculated from the first component can be correlated with the average gray matter blood flow through the caudate nucleus, the cortical gray, and the thalamus calculated from the microsphere data.The second component of the llJ Xe curve correlated well with the white matter blood flow measured with microspheres.In seven out of 15 experiments, there was a third component in the lu Xe clearance curve.The blood flow obtained from the third component showed a close correlation with extracranial muscle blood flow determined with microspheres.The mean cerebral blood flow measured with the '"Xe clearance method was in close agreement with that obtained by the microsphere technique.After the injection of lu Xe into extracranial muscles, the slope of the clearance curve obtained from the dorsal sagittal sinus correlated well with that of the third component following left ventricular injection.The results indicate that regional cerebral blood flows measured with 15-fim microspheres can be correlated with those obtained from various components of the simultaneous m Xe clearance.These findings also point out the necessity of considering the contribution of extracranial muscles when analyzing the 1M Xe clearance curve.Circ Ret 44: 6S3-6S9, 1979
Protease-activated receptor 2 promotes experimental liver fibrosis in mice and activates human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Virginia Knight, Jorge Tchongue, Dinushka Lourensz, Peter Tipping, William Sievert
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2 is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is activated after proteolytic cleavage by serine proteases, including mast cell tryptase and activated coagulation factors. PAR-2 activation augments inflammatory and profibrotic pathways through the induction of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins. Thus, PAR-2 represents an important interface linking coagulation and inflammation. PAR-2 is widely expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), endothelial cells, and hepatic macrophages; however, its role in liver fibrosis has not been previously examined. We studied the development of CCl(4) -induced liver fibrosis in PAR-2 knockout mice, and showed that PAR-2 deficiency reduced the progression of liver fibrosis, hepatic collagen gene expression, and hydroxyproline content. Reduced fibrosis was associated with decreased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) gene and protein expression and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression. In addition, PAR-2 stimulated activation, proliferation, collagen production, and TGFβ protein production by human stellate cells, indicating that hepatic PAR-2 activation increases profibrogenic cytokines and collagen production both in vivo and in vitro.Our findings demonstrate the capacity of PAR-2 activation to augment TGFβ production and promote hepatic fibrosis in mice and to induce a profibrogenic phenotype in human HSCs. PAR-2 antagonists have recently been developed and may represent a novel therapeutic approach in preventing fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.
Malaria resurges when complacency over control sets in or funding collapses, study concludes
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Progress in eradicating malaria is jeopardised if programmes to combat the disease are cut, a study has concluded.

The study, published in the Malaria Journal (2012;11:122, doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-122), looked at 75 documented cases of malaria resurgence worldwide since the 1930s. It found that in 90% of the cases resurgence was linked, in part, to weakening of malaria control programmes.

The researchers—from the Clinton Health Access Initiative; the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute; the independent Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, which is based in Washington, DC, and New Delhi; and the Global Health Group at the University of California, San Francisco—reviewed the literature to find all documented instances of malaria resurgence.

Their study looked at historical events, but its findings …
Effect of social class at birth on risk and presentation of schizophrenia: case-control study
Authors: F. Mulvany, E. O'Callaghan, N. Takei, M. Byrne, P. Fearon, C. Larkin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine if low parental social class increases children9s risk of subsequently developing schizophrenia or modifies the presentation. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study with historical controls. <b>Setting:</b> Geographically defined region in south Dublin. <b>Participants:</b> 352 patients with first presentation of schizophrenia matched with the next registered same sex birth from the same birth registration district. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Social class at birth. Age at presentation to psychiatric services, admission to hospital, and diagnosis of schizophrenia. <b>Results:</b> Risk of schizophrenia was not increased in people from lower social classes. There was a slight excess risk among people in highest social classes (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.40 to 0.85). However, the mean age at presentation was 24.8 years for patients whose parents were in the highest social class compared with 33.1 years for those in the lowest social class at birth. <b>Conclusions:</b> Although social class of origin does not seem to be an important risk factor for schizophrenia, it partially determines the age at which patients receive treatment. The relation between low social class at birth and poor outcome may be at least partially mediated through treatment delay. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Schizophrenia is more common in people from lower social classes This could be due to increased vulnerability or social drift <h3>What this study adds</h3> Low social class at birth was not associated with increased risk of schizophrenia People from lower social classes were older at first contact with psychiatric services than those from higher social classes Delay in treatment of psychosis may explain the adverse outcome among people in low social classes
Nevirapine-induced overlap Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: E Wetterwald, L Le Cleach, C Michel, E David, J Revuz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Nevirapine‐induced overlap Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis Get access E Wetterwald, E Wetterwald Department of Dermatology, Hôpital H. Mondor, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L Le Cleach, L Le Cleach Department of Dermatology, Hôpital H. Mondor, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C Michel, C Michel Department of Dermatology, Hôpital du Moenchsberg, Mulhouse, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E David, E David Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de Lagny, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Revuz J Revuz Department of Dermatology, Hôpital H. Mondor, Université Paris XII, Créteil, France, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 980–982, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02850.x Published: 01 May 1999
High Humidity, Low Humidity, and Mist Therapy for Croup—Reply
Authors: Dennis Scolnik, Allan L. Coates, Derek Stephens, Zelia Da Silva, Elana Lavine, Suzanne Schuh
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Akt3-Mediated Resistance to Apoptosis in B-RAF–Targeted Melanoma Cells
Authors: Yongping Shao, Andrew E. Aplin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Melanoma cells are highly resistant to anoikis, a form of apoptosis induced in nonadherent/inappropriate adhesion conditions. Depleting B-RAF or the prosurvival Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1 renders mutant B-RAF melanoma cells susceptible to anoikis. In this study, we examined the effect of targeting B-RAF on the survival of primary stage melanoma cells cultured in three-dimensional type I collagen gels, which partially mimics the dermal microenvironment. Depletion/inhibition of B-RAF with small interfering RNA or the mutant B-RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, induced apoptosis of mutant B-RAF melanoma cells in three-dimensional collagen. Apoptosis was dependent on two upregulated BH3-only proteins, Bim-EL and Bmf, and was inhibited by ectopic Mcl-1 expression. Akt3 activation has been associated with the survival of melanoma cells. Mutant B-RAF melanoma cells ectopically expressing a constitutively activated form of Akt3 or endogenously expressing mutant Akt3 were protected from apoptosis induced by B-RAF knockdown or PLX4720 treatment. Furthermore, intrinsically resistant metastatic melanoma cells displayed elevated Akt phosphorylation in three-dimensional collagen and were rendered susceptible to PLX4720 by Akt3 knockdown. Importantly, myristylated Akt3 prevented B-RAF targeting-induced upregulation of Bim-EL and Bmf in three-dimensional collagen and partially protected Mcl-1-depleted cells from apoptosis. These findings delineate how mutant B-RAF protects melanoma cells from apoptosis and provide insight into possible resistance mechanisms to B-RAF inhibitors.