tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethanol metabolism alters major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen presentation in liver cells
Authors: Natalia A. Osna, Ronda L. White, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Terrence M. Donohue
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract The proteasome is a major enzyme that cleaves proteins for antigen presentation. Cleaved peptides traffic to the cell surface, where they are presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. Recognition of these complexes by cytotoxic T lymphocytes is crucial for elimination of cells bearing “nonself” proteins. Our previous studies revealed that ethanol suppresses proteasome function in ethanol-metabolizing liver cells. We hypothesized that proteasome suppression reduces the hydrolysis of antigenic peptides, thereby decreasing the presentation of the peptide MHC class I complexes on the cell surface. To test this we used the mouse hepatocyte cell line (CYP2E1/ADH-transfected HepB5 cells) or primary mouse hepatocytes, both derived from livers of C57Bl/6 mice, which present the ovalbumin peptide, SIINFEKL, complexed with H2Kb. To induce H2Kb expression, HepB5 cells were treated with interferon gamma (IFNγ) and then exposed to ethanol. In these cells, ethanol metabolism decreased not only proteasome activity, but also hydrolysis of the C-extended peptide, SIINFEKL-TE, and the presentation of SIINFEKL-H2Kb complexes measured after the delivery of SIINFEKL-TE to cytoplasm. The suppressive effects of ethanol were, in part, attributed to ethanol-elicited impairment of IFNγ signaling. However, in primary hepatocytes, even in the absence of IFNγ, we observed a similar decline in proteasome activity and antigen presentation after ethanol exposure. Conclusion: Proteasome function is directly suppressed by ethanol metabolism and indirectly by preventing the activating effects of IFNγ. Ethanol-elicited reduction in proteasome activity contributes to the suppression of SIINFEKL-H2Kb presentation on the surface of liver cells. (Hepatology 2009.)
1132 DIGITAL MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF IDIOPATHIC EXTRAHEPATIC PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS CORRELATED TO CLINICAL OUTCOME OF MESENTERIC TO LEFT PORTAL VEIN BYPASS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
Authors: N. Tantemsapya, H. Melin-Aldana, D. Wang, R. Superina
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
BEHAVIOR SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN AND DEGREE OF SICKNESS
Authors: JOHN C. GLIDEWELL, IVAN N. MENSH, MARGARET C.-L. GILDEA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

Data have been presented to show that, in a sample of 91 school children and a sample of 35 clinic cases, a reliable, positive relationship exists between the number, frequency, duration, and severity of the symptoms reported by a child's mother and the degree of sickness found in the child. The relationship permits one to use the mother's report as a screening instrument with more success than with most medical screening techniques.
THE ANAMNESTIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III SPECIFIC PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: William E. Paul, Baruj Benacerraf, Gregory W. Siskind, Edmond A. Goidl, Ralph A. Reisfeld
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Rabbits immunized with killed type III pneumococci respond to anamnestic challenge by type specific polysaccharide (S III) with the synthesis of anti-S III antibody if a long interval is allowed to elapse between primary and secondary immunization. A study of the anti-S III antibody produced early and late in the immune response revealed no change in molecular class, banding pattern of dissociated light chains, or S III binding characteristics as measured under equilibrium conditions or by study of dissociation kinetics utilizing radioiodinated p-OH-benzyl-S III. Sequential booster injections of S III into rabbits primarily immunized with whole organisms 8 or 9 months earlier led to a progressive decrease in the number of animals showing successful anamnestic responses and in the magnitude of those responses. It is concluded that S III depletes the antigen sensitive cell population in the secondary response largely because of its limited ability to stimulate sustained proliferation by such cells.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection of Activated Cytotoxic T Cells
Authors: Martin J. Raftery, Christian K. Behrens, Anke Müller, Peter H. Krammer, Henning Walczak, Günther Schönrich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), a large DNA-containing virus, is endemic in all human populations investigated. After infection of mucocutaneous surfaces, HSV1 establishes a latent infection in nerve cells. Recently, it was demonstrated that HSV1 can also infect activated T lymphocytes. However, the consequences of T cell infection for viral pathogenesis and immunity are unknown. We have observed that in contrast to the situation in human fibroblasts, in human T cell lines antigen presentation by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules is not blocked after HSV1 infection. Moreover, HSV1 infection of T cells results in rapid elimination of antiviral T cells by fratricide. To dissect the underlying molecular events, we used a transgenic mouse model of HSV1 infection to demonstrate that CD95 (Apo-1, Fas)-triggered apoptosis is essential for HSV1-induced fratricide, whereas tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also contributes to this phenomenon but to a lesser extent. By contrast, neither TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) nor perforin were involved. Finally, we defined two mechanisms associated with HSV1-associated fratricide of antiviral T cells: (a) T cell receptor-mediated upregulation of CD95 ligand and (b) a viral "competence-to-die" signal that renders activated T lymphocytes susceptible to CD95 signaling. We propose that induction of fratricide is an important immune evasion mechanism of HSV1, helping the virus to persist in the host organism throughout its lifetime.
Trachyonychia, Cutis Laxa, and Easy Bruising of the Skin
Authors: Syril Keena T. Que, Brett Sloan, Soheil Sam Dadras
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoproteins gp120 and gp160 specifically inhibit the CD3/T cell-antigen receptor phosphoinositide transduction pathway.
Authors: D Cefai, P Debre, M Kaczorek, T Idziorek, B Autran, G Bismuth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The interference of the recombinant HIV-1 glycoproteins gp160 and gp120 with the CD3/T cell antigen receptor (TcR)-mediated activation process has been investigated in the CD4+ diphtheria toxoid-specific human P28D T cell clone. Both glycoproteins clearly inhibit the T cell proliferation induced in an antigen-presenting cell (APC)-free system by various cross-linked monoclonal antibodies specific for the CD3 molecule or the TcR alpha chain (up to 80% inhibition). Biochemical studies further demonstrate that exposure of the T cell clone to both glycoproteins (gps) specifically inhibits the CD3/TcR phospholipase C (PLC) transduction pathway, without affecting the CD3/TcR cell surface expression. Thus, inositol phosphate production, phosphatidic acid turnover, intracellular free calcium, and intracellular pH increase induced by CD3/TcR-specific MAbs are specifically impaired in gps-treated P28D T cells. Addition of purified soluble CD4 prevents binding of gps to T cells and overcomes all observed inhibitions. Maximal inhibitions are obtained for long-term exposure of the T cell clone to gps (16 h). No early effect of gps is observed. By contrast, gp160 and gp120 fail to suppress the CD2-triggered functional and biochemical P28D T cell responses. These results demonstrate that, in addition to their postulated role in the alteration of the interaction between CD4 on T lymphocytes and MHC class II molecules on APC, soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins may directly and specifically impair the CD3/TcR-mediated activation of PLC in uninfected T cells via the CD4 molecule.
The width of the basement membrane does not influence clinical presentation or outcome of thin glomerular basement membrane disease with persistent hematuria
Authors: Cheuk-Chun Szeto, Fernand Mac-Moune Lai, Bonnie Ching-Ha Kwan, Chi-Bon Leung, Paul Cheung-Lung Choi, Wing-Fai Pang, Kai-Ming Chow, Ka-Bik Lai, Gang Wang, Philip Kam-Tao Li
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Effect of Aromatase Inhibition on Functional Gene Modules in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer and Their Relationship with Antiproliferative Response
Authors: Qiong Gao, Neill Patani, Anita K. Dunbier, Zara Ghazoui, Marketa Zvelebil, Lesley-Ann Martin, Mitch Dowsett
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

To investigate potential associations between gene modules representing key biologic processes and response to aromatase inhibitors (AI) in estrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer.Paired gene expression and Ki67 protein expression were available from 69 postmenopausal women with ER(+) early breast cancer, at baseline and 2 weeks post-anastrozole treatment, in the presurgical setting. Functional gene modules (n = 26) were retrieved from published studies and their module scores were computed before and after elimination of proliferation-associated genes (PAG). Ki67 and module scores were assessed at baseline and 2 weeks post-anastrozole. Unsupervised clustering was used to assess associations between modules and Ki67.Proliferation-based modules were highly correlated with Ki67 expression both pretreatment and on-treatment. At baseline with and without PAGs, Ki67 expression was significantly inversely correlated with ERG, ESR1.2, SET, and PIK3CA modules. Modules measuring estrogen signaling strongly predicted antiproliferative response to therapy with and without PAGs. Baseline expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) module predicted a poor change in Ki67-implicating genes within the module as involved in de novo resistance to AIs. High expression of Immune.2.STAT1 module pretreatment predicted poor antiproliferative response to therapy. A significant association between estrogen-regulated genes modules (ESR1, ESR1-2, SET, and ERG) was evident post AI.Multiple processes and pathways are affected by AI treatment in ER(+) breast cancer. Modules closely associated with ESR1 expression were predictive of good antiproliferative response to AIs, but modules representing immune activity and IGF-I/MAPK were predictive of poor Ki67 response, supporting their therapeutic targeting in combination with AIs.
Autoimmune hepatitis: a fertile field
Authors: J R LAKE
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 97 

The impact of chronic liver disease on the endo- crine system has been of great interest to both endocrinologists and hepatologists, as multiple abnormalities in sex hormone metabolism have been reported. In addition, a number of clinical manifestation of liver disease have been reported to be the result of these, including amenorrhoea, impotency, gynaecomastia, and spider angiomata

There is probably no greater demand on the female endocrine system than the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. In this regard, the disease autoimmune hepatitis is of particular interest as it predominantly impacts women, and at a relatively younger age, compared with many other forms of chronic liver disease. In addition, these patients often have cirrhosis by the time a diagnosis is made.

The majority of patients respond well to immunosuppressive drugs but most women with autoimmune hepatitis require maintenance immunosuppression for …
Platelet dynamics in chronic liver disease using the 111Indium oxine label.
Authors: P J Toghill, S Green
Journal: Gut (1983)

Platelet dynamics in chronic liver disease have been studied using 111Indium-8-hydroxyquinolone (111In-oxine) as a platelet label. In 20 patients, mainly with alcoholic cirrhosis, the platelet mean life span was reduced in 12 and the splenic platelet pool increased, often markedly so, in 15. However, the platelet count was not significantly related to mean bile span, the splenic platelet pool, or spleen size. Whereas splenic platelet pool size is related to spleen size in most of the haematological 'big-spleen' syndromes, this did not apply to those patients with chronic liver disease. Technically, 111In-oxine is a more appropriate platelet label than 51Cr in ill and thrombocytopenic patients with liver disease.
Optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway
Authors: Victor H. Hernandez, Anna Gehrt, Kirsten Reuter, Zhizi Jing, Marcus Jeschke, Alejandro Mendoza Schulz, Gerhard Hoch, Matthias Bartels, Gerhard Vogt, Carolyn W. Garnham, Hiromu Yawo, Yugo Fukazawa, George J. Augustine, Ernst Bamberg, Sebastian Kügler, Tim Salditt, Livia de Hoz, Nicola Strenzke, Tobias Moser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Auditory prostheses can partially restore speech comprehension when hearing fails. Sound coding with current prostheses is based on electrical stimulation of auditory neurons and has limited frequency resolution due to broad current spread within the cochlea. In contrast, optical stimulation can be spatially confined, which may improve frequency resolution. Here, we used animal models to characterize optogenetic stimulation, which is the optical stimulation of neurons genetically engineered to express the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Optogenetic stimulation of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) activated the auditory pathway, as demonstrated by recordings of single neuron and neuronal population responses. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of SGNs restored auditory activity in deaf mice. Approximation of the spatial spread of cochlear excitation by recording local field potentials (LFPs) in the inferior colliculus in response to suprathreshold optical, acoustic, and electrical stimuli indicated that optogenetic stimulation achieves better frequency resolution than monopolar electrical stimulation. Virus-mediated expression of a ChR2 variant with greater light sensitivity in SGNs reduced the amount of light required for responses and allowed neuronal spiking following stimulation up to 60 Hz. Our study demonstrates a strategy for optogenetic stimulation of the auditory pathway in rodents and lays the groundwork for future applications of cochlear optogenetics in auditory research and prosthetics.
PLAGUE—PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Authors: B. J. LLOYD
Journal: JAMA (1925)

In violation of orthodox technic, I have selected the broad, general topic of Plague—Past, Present, and Future as the title of a paper that must necessarily be brief. I had fully intended to review the literature of the subject before attempting to present this paper, but circumstances beyond my control made this impossible. It is for this reason that so much of what I shall say here is based on personal contact with the disease and association with other plague workers.  HISTORY  Plague has a most pernicious past; a present that is bad; and a future that seems to say to civilized man, Your money or your life. It is for man to say whether, in paying tribute to plague, it shall be a toll of lives or a tax in money, and if the latter, how much shall be paid and how payment shall be made.  Plague is a
Microenvironmental Protection in Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Charis Eng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The recent coming of age of genomic techniques and bioinformatics tools has led to an unprecedented proliferation of publications on genomewide association studies and expression profiling for use in genetic analysis, molecular classification, and prognostication of various diseases. Such reports, however, have often resulted in confusion and, at times, disappointment. The use of expensive methods to subclassify histologic variants of tumors as accurately as $15 immunohistochemical assays, the inability to replicate more than 98% of published genomewide association studies, and multiple retrospective studies using single-group series with small sample sizes all contribute to these sentiments. For these reasons, the article . . .
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Mark Fox, Ian Forgacs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is present when the passage of gastric contents into the oesophagus causes symptoms or damages the mucosa.Potent suppression of gastric acid secretion with proton pump inhibitors is a highly effective and safe treatment for many patients with symptoms associated with reflux.It would be wrong to conclude, however, that proton pump inhibitors had solved the problem of GORD.The relation between reflux symptoms, endoscopic findings, and exposure of the oesophagus to acid is not straightforward.Some patients with a convincing history of heartburn fail to respond well to proton pump inhibitors.Although symptoms may be severe, at endoscopy the oesophagus is often found to be normal, and pH studies may not disclose the cause of symptoms that persist despite treatment for acid suppression.Apart from typical symptoms of reflux many other problems have been linked to GORD, including dysphagia, hoarseness, non-cardiac chest pain, and chronic cough.It can, however, be difficult to identify those patients who will benefit from antireflux treatment.Most serious is the increased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with reflux symptoms, in particular those with Barrett's columnar lined oesophagus.Since the 1980s the incidence of oesophageal carcinoma has increased sixfold, more rapidly than any other common cancer.This review explains how recent research has begun to unravel these problems by explaining what can be learnt from physiological and clinical observations.It seems that however well gastric acid secretion can be suppressed, we are far less successful at managing reflux itself.
Elastin-derived peptides and neutrophil elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Authors: T Betsuyaku, M Nishimura, A Yoshioka, K Takeyabu, K Miyamoto, Y Kawakami
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To evaluate effects of current smoking on the breakdown of lung elastin, we measured levels of elastin-derived peptides (EDP) in unconcentrated bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from 42 community-based older asymptomatic volunteers (60 +/- 11 yr [mean +/- SD]) and examined the relationships of the concentrations of EDP with immunologically detected neutrophil elastase (NE) bound with alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor and with esterolytic activity against the NE-sensitive synthetic substrate, methoxysuccinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-valyl paranitroanilide (MEOSAAPVNA). The measurement of EDP levels was carried out by an indirect, competitive ELISA, using a sheep IgG fraction generated against insoluble human lung elastin as a primary antibody. EDP concentrations were significantly elevated in current smokers (n = 24) compared with age-matched noncurrent smokers (n = 18) (29.9 +/- 3.5 [mean +/- SE] versus 17.0 +/- 1.8 ng/mg BAL fluid albumin, p < 0.01). We found weak but significant correlations of EDP levels with NE-alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor complex (r = 0.38, p < 0.05) and with the esterolytic activity against the NE-sensitive synthetic substrate in BAL fluid (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). In addition, EDP levels in BAL fluid had a significant positive relationship with plasma cotinine concentrations (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), though not with pack-years of smoking (r = 0.1, NS). These data provide further evidence that the concentrations of EDP increase in BAL fluid from current smokers compared with noncurrent smokers and that enhanced breakdown of the lung elastin is associated with the increased load of NE in the lung.
Reliability of ratings of perceived effort regulation of exercise intensity.
Authors: R G Eston, J G Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

This study assessed the reliability of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for the prescription of exercise intensity during cycling. Ten healthy men (21 to 62 years) and six women (25 to 50 years) attended the laboratory four times, 5 to 7 days apart. On the first visit each subject's maximal oxygen uptake was measured and, subsequently, they cycled at constant work rates based on their perception of ratings 9, 13 and 17 of the Borg 6-20 scale by regulating the resistance of the ergometer without reference to the instrument display panel. Analysis of variance revealed no significant between-trial differences with regard to oxygen uptake (VO2) or heart rate for men or women. The relative exercise intensities corresponding to the 3 ratings of exertion did not differ between men and women. Between-trial correlations for VO2 were highest for visits two and three at RPE levels 9 and 13 (r = 0.83 and r = 0.94) and consistently high (r = 0.92 or greater) for the three trials at RPE17. These data suggest that RPE is a useful frame of reference for the regulation of high levels of exercise intensity in healthy men and women. Small amounts of practice with the scale improve its applicability at lower exercise levels.
Renal Failure Following Contrast Injection for Computerized Tomography
Authors: Joseph Hanaway
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ACUTE renal failure after injection of contrast dye is a rare but well-known complication of intravenous urography and angiography.<sup>1-3</sup>Many physicians are not aware that the latest indication for routine use of contrast dye is computerized tomography (CT), where contrast media may demonstrate lesions not visualized without the dye. We report the occurrence of acute renal failure after injection of contrast media during CT scanning; to our knowledge, this is the first such report. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1. —</h3> A 72-year-old woman had a left sphenoid ridge meningioma diagnosed by CT scan without use of contrast media in 1974. The tumor was considered inoperable because of its location and her medical condition. In October 1976, she was admitted to the hospital because of increasing but mild confusion, staring spells, and the sudden appearance of right arm paralysis on the day prior to admission. Her medical history was complicated
Patient Blood Management
Authors: Lynne Uhl
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Globally, more than 81 million units of red blood cells are transfused annually. Of the 15 million red blood cell components transfused annually in the United States, approximately 40% are transfused to patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Because of concerns about limited blood availability as well as risks of transfusion-related adverse events, blood products should be used judiciously. Using the case of Ms C, a 68-year-old woman considering autologous blood donation prior to knee replacement surgery, the concept of patient blood management is discussed. This approach entails a complete evaluation of the patient in the preoperative period to assess for bleeding risks and anemia, with a goal to optimize a patient's condition prior to surgery; use of various strategies in the operative period to mitigate the need for allogeneic blood transfusion; and meticulous postoperative care to again avoid the need for blood transfusion.