tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperferritinemia as indicator for intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in reactive macrophage activation syndromes
Authors: Urban Emmenegger, Ursula Frey, Andrea Reimers, Christoph Fux, David Semela, Philippe Cottagnoud, Peter J. Spaeth, Klaus A. Neftel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract The underlying mechanisms of reactive macrophage activation syndromes (rMAS) are not understood in detail, and there is no specific treatment. This observational study was prompted by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), dramatically halting two distinct rMAS episodes in the same patient. We evaluated the potential benefits of IVIG administration in treating fulminant rMAS and the usefulness of monitoring serum ferritin levels as an indication for emergency treatment with IVIG. Ten females and 10 males experiencing 22 episodes of rMAS were recruited on the basis of serum ferritin levels ≥10,000 μg/l and/or direct evidence of haemophagocytosis in 11 intensive care units in secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Switzerland between October 1993 and May 2000. In individual patients, serially measured ferritin was closely related to disease activity. Abrupt increases of up to &gt;100,000 μg/l could be observed within hours. Rapid and profound beneficial effects of emergency IVIG treatment were seen in 12 episodes of rMAS accompanied by a prompt decrease of serum ferritin. IVIG produced partial or delayed improvements in 5 patients. No apparent effects were seen in 5 patients. IVIG was only successful if started early during the ferritin run‐up to peak values. In conclusion, IVIG is effective in at least a subgroup of adult rMAS when started at the beginning of the macrophage activation process. The monitoring of serum ferritin levels might be helpful in detecting macrophage activation in order to commence IVIG treatment early enough. Am. J. Hematol. 68:4–10, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of APOL1 variants with mild kidney disease in the first-degree relatives of African American patients with non-diabetic end-stage renal disease
Authors: Barry I. Freedman, Carl D. Langefeld, JoLyn Turner, Marina Núñez, Kevin P. High, Mitzie Spainhour, Pamela J. Hicks, Donald W. Bowden, Amber M. Reeves-Daniel, Mariana Murea, Michael V. Rocco, Jasmin Divers
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Mobile phone text messaging can help young people manage asthma
Authors: R. Neville
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Barriers to effective stroke care out of hours need to be broachedEditor-The article by Harraf et al is a welcome addition to much needed hard data on the poor delivery of evidence based and patient focused care in the United Kingdom. 1 The paper prompts the need to analyse prospectively the nature of the barriers to timely assessment, investigation, and treatment of a patient presenting with a potentially life threatening stroke.The paper would have benefited from providing readers with the subset analysis of time to assessment, senior opinion, and computed tomography in the 128 hours of the week (76%) that fall outside 9 am-5 pm Monday-Friday.In a typical emergency department 66% of patients arrive outside these normal working hours.The authors say that 28% arrive after 1759 and before 0600, and state in their abstract that "time of presentation did not influence time to evaluation by senior [non-emergency] doctor," but they do not provide results to support this.In many departments in which I have worked previously, I have noticed a recurring pattern of barriers for emergency department staff to overcome to obtain rapid computed tomography of the head after 5 pm Monday-Friday.
284 PIRFENIDONE LIMITS TH2 FIBROGENIC RESPONSE IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER FIBROSIS VIA P38 MAPK INHIBITION
Authors: J. Navarro-Partida, A.L. Marquez-Aguirre, J. Galvez-Gastelum, M.R. Bueno-Topete, J. Gonzalez-Cuevas, J. Armendariz-Borunda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Transcription and DNA damage: a link to a kink.
Authors: D A Scicchitano, I Mellon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Living organisms are constantly exposed to a variety of naturally occurring and man-made chemical and physical agents that pose threats to health by causing cancer and other illnesses, as well as cell death. One mechanism by which these moieties can exert their toxic effects is by inducing modifications to the genome. Such changes in DNA often result in the formation of nucleotides not normally found in the double helix, bases containing covalent chemical alterations, single- and double-strand breaks, and interstrand and intrastrand cross-links. When these lesions are present during replication, mutations often result in the newly synthesized DNA. Likewise, when such damage occurs in a gene, transcription elongation, and hence expression, can be adversely affected because of pausing or arresting of the RNA polymerase at or near the altered site; this could result in the synthesis of a defective RNA molecule. It has become increasingly clear that transcription and DNA damage are intimately linked, since the removal of certain adducts from the genome is highly dependent on their location. When such lesions are present on the transcribed strand of actively expressed genetic loci, they are better cleared from that strand when compared to the complementary DNA or other quiescent regions. This process is called transcription-coupled DNA repair, and it modulates the mutagenic spectrum of many DNA-damaging agents. Furthermore, based upon evidence from systems in which it is absent, this process has a profound effect on ameliorating the adverse consequences of exposure to many environmentally relevant genotoxins. The precise cellular pathway that mediates the preferential clearance of DNA damage from active genetic loci has not yet been established, but it appears to be effected by a repertoire of proteins that are also involved in other DNA repair pathways and transcription as well as some factors that might be unique to it. Because a cellular process as indispensable as gene expression can be thwarted by the presence of DNA damage, an understanding of the mechanism underlying transcription-coupled DNA repair is relevant to the continued discernment of how environmental genotoxins endanger human health.
AMPUTATION OF THE ARM IMMEDIATELY BELOW THE SHOULDER JOINT, FOLLOWED BY RECOVERY, IN A CHILD AGED FIFTEEN MONTHS
Authors: R. E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1853)

OR~1Q1T~&L OOMDNIOAT1O~I8U5 the rlaxe at&t of the lovatores anit Iad if o ly supported during the evacuation of the rectum, what more reonable than to auppose that the hinmorrhoids will yield to some mild tretment?or, if requiring removal, that their re-formation will be prevented Such was the train of reasoning that occurred to me in the after-treatment of the folowing cas CASE. A. B., aged 25, had suffered from prolapsus for six- teen years.Durig that time, the bowel had descended in- variably with each act of deftecation.On examination, I
The tar reduction study: randomised trial of the effect of cigarette tar yield reduction on compensatory smoking.
Authors: C Frost, F M Fullerton, A M Stephen, R Stone, A Nicolaides-Bouman, J Densem, N J Wald, A Semmence
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Observational and short term intervention studies have reported that smokers of low tar cigarettes inhale more deeply (that is, compensate) than those who smoke high tar cigarettes. To quantify this effect a long term randomised trial was conducted on the effects of switching to low tar cigarettes. METHODS--The trial was carried out between April 1985 and March 1988 among cigarette smokers in the British Civil Service, measuring blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels and serum cotinine levels as markers of tobacco smoke intake. Volunteers first switched to a cigarette brand yielding around 10% less tar than their usual brand to identify smokers able to change brand. The 434 subjects who successfully switched were then randomly allocated to one of three groups: (a) "fast reduction" group which changed to a brand of cigarettes with a tar yield of about half that of their usual brand; (b) "slow reduction" group which reduced to the same level in steps over several months; and (c) a control group which continued smoking cigarettes with a tar yield 10% lower than their usual brand. RESULTS--Over the course of the trial cigarette consumption declined slightly in all three groups. In both the "fast reduction" and the "slow reduction" groups, intake of COHb and cotinine was reduced, though not to the same extent as the yield reduction. Comparison of the results before randomisation with those at the end of the trial showed that a reduction in carbon monoxide yield of 45% was associated with a decrease in carbon monoxide intake of 19% (95% confidence interval 14% to 24%) and that a reduction in nicotine yield of 40% was associated with an 11% (6% to 16%) reduction in nicotine intake, reflecting relative intakes of about 1.5 for both carbon monoxide and nicotine in the "fast reduction" group. Results were similar in the "slow reduction" group with a 42% reduction in carbon monoxide yield, a 16% (11% to 22%) reduction in carbon monoxide intake, a 37% reduction in nicotine yield, and a 6% (0% to 13%) reduction in nicotine intake. Estimates of compensation derived from these results were 65% for carbon monoxide, 79% for nicotine, and 62% for tar. CONCLUSIONS--Compensation, demonstrated when switching from a high tar cigarette to a low tar one, was incomplete. Advising people who have failed to give up smoking to switch to low tar cigarettes will reduce the intake of smoke constituents to a small extent. This would be expected to decrease their risk of smoking-related diseases, although by a smaller amount than would be achieved by giving up smoking altogether.
Childhood Cancer Survivors, Late Effects, and a New Model for Understanding Survivorship
Authors: Kevin C. Oeffinger, Leslie L. Robison
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENTS IN TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Authors: W. F. Somerville
Journal: BMJ (1912)

_7o O, Tremors of the hands, lips, and tongue now developed, and lhe became so restless and nervous that medical advice was sought.Neurasthenia was diagnosed, and the treatmnent adopted was the usual one of complete .changeand rest in bed with tonics and nourishing food.A favoprable prognosis was given.The patient, who was now in a country nursing homic, developed the delusion that his face was altering in appearance.He became suspicious, mnore depressed, and steadily lost flesh.It is stated that no alteration in the patient's complexion was noticeable at this stage.The restlessness and tremors increased and the patient's memory and
Special Considerations for Minority Participation in Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Robert F. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Parents who use information from prenatal diagnosis in family planning may be faced with difficult decisions. For a variety of reasons, the communications and decision-making process may be substantially more complex and difficult if the parents are members of a minority group. Unless a number of special considerations are kept in mind when programs of prenatal diagnosis for minorities are developed, such programs may be more harmful than beneficial.
Association of psychosocial risk factors with risk of acute myocardial infarction in 11 119 cases and 13 648 controls from 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study
Authors: Annika Rosengren, Steven Hawken, Stephanie Ôunpuu, Karen Sliwa, Mohammad Zubaid, Wael A Almahmeed, Kathleen Ngu Blackett, Chitr Sitthi-amorn, Hiroshi Sato, Salim Yusuf
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
Adverse Cardiac Effects of Acute Alcohol Ingestion in Young Adults
Authors: ROBERTO M. LANG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Previous studies of the effects of acute alcohol ingestion in normal subjects have used measures of left ventricular performance that are altered by changes in preload and afterload and in contractile state. In studies involving nine healthy, young adults, we measured sensitive load-independent end-systolic indices of left ventricular contractility over a wide range of pressures generated by methoxamine infusion before and after oral alcohol administration. Echocardiography was used in conjunction with calibrated carotid pulse tracings. Alcohol ingestion resulted in a fall (p < 0.01) in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (a measure of preload), end-systolic wall stress (a measure of afterload), and systemic vascular resistance, while not changing the left ventricular shortening fraction. In contrast, the end-systolic pressure-dimension slope decreased (p < 0.001) and the rate-corrected velocity of left ventricular fiber shortening at an end-systolic wall stress of 50 g/cm2 fell (p < 0.001). Thus, when load-independent assessment of left ventricular contractility is done, acute alcohol ingestion has a myocardial depressant effect greater than previously suspected.
Abstract A29: An Ad5 [E1-, E2b-] platform carrying the TAA CEA(6D) induces CEA directed CMI responses in patients with advanced CEA-expressing colorectal cancer in a phase I/II clinical trial..
Authors: Michael A. Morse, Elizabeth S. Gabitzsch, Younong Xu, Dua Rajesh, Susan Nguyen, Stephanie Balcaitis, Joseph P. Balint, Frank Jones
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract First-generation, E1-deleted adenovirus (Ad)-based vectors, although promising platforms for use as cancer vaccines, are limited by the naturally occuring or induced Ad-specific neutralizing antibodies. We hypothesized that Ad5-based vectors with deletions of the E1 and the E2b regions (the latter encoding the DNA polymerase and the preterminal protein) would, by virtue of diminished late phase viral protein expression, avoid immunological clearance and induce more potent immune responses against the encoded tumor antigen transgene in Ad-immune hosts. In this translational study, we demonstrated that delivery of increasing doses of the Ad5 [E1-, E2b-]-CEA(6D) in mice resulted in CEA-specific cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. In the follow-up human phase I/II study, escalating doses of the vaccine induced higher CEA-specific CMI responses despite the presence of pre-existing Ad5 immunity in a majority (76%) of patients. Importantly, there was minimal toxicity, and overall patient survival (54.1% at 12 months) was similar regardless of pre-existing Ad5 neutralizing antibody titers. The results demonstrate that the novel Ad5 [E1-, E2b-] gene delivery platform can both break tolerance and generate significant CMI responses to the TAA CEA in the setting of both naturally acquired Ad5-specific immunity and/or immunization-induced Ad5 immunity. Citation Format: Michael A. Morse, Elizabeth S. Gabitzsch, Younong Xu, Dua Rajesh, Susan Nguyen, Stephanie Balcaitis, Joseph P. Balint, Jr., Frank Jones. An Ad5 [E1-, E2b-] platform carrying the TAA CEA(6D) induces CEA directed CMI responses in patients with advanced CEA-expressing colorectal cancer in a phase I/II clinical trial.. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A29.
The Appalachian Regional Commission
Authors: Howard M. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Kane et al (232:1023, 1975) is a welcome and long-needed analysis of what many in the rural health field dismissed as a well-intentioned, even noble failure. Instead, the results of 13 years' effort by the Sears Roebuck Foundation's Community Medical Assistance Program seems, in the light of present knowledge, to show a rather startling degree of success. The experience of the Appalachian Regional Commission, and that of the few others in the rural health field, is that a success rate of more than 50% for clinics is remarkable considering the small annual budget, the state of the art of primary care center development at the time, and the reimbursement philosophies of most third-party payors. From the article, it seems that the Foundation came up early with the key ingredients: the necessity for strong community support, even to insisting that people back up their commitment
Mechlorethamine HCl and Cyclophosphamide in the Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease and the Lymphomas
Authors: Edwin M. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Eighty-six patients (37 with Hodgkin's disease, 37 with lymphosarcoma, and 12 with reticulum cell sarcoma) were randomized and treated with either a single dose of mechlorethamine hydrochloride (0.4 mg/kg of body weight, given intravenously) followed by daily maintenance with chlorambucil (given orally), or a loading dose of cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg of body weight, given intravenously) followed by daily maintenance with cyclophosphamide (given orally). No significant difference was observed between these two regimens in frequency of objective tumor response: 45% of patients who received mechlorethamine and 57% who received cyclophosphamide had an objective response. Marked alopecia was the only significant difference in toxic effects, occurring in 36% of the patients receiving cyclophosphamide and in one patient receiving mechlorethamine. A slight plateletsparing effect of cyclophosphamide over mechlorethamine and chlorambucil was not considered clinically significant.
Effect of treatment of hyperlipidaemia on haemostatic variables.
Authors: R S Elkeles, R Chakrabarti, M Vickers, Y Stirling, T W Meade
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The haemostatic function of 11 men with hyperlipidaemia was measured before and after they were treated with a carbohydrate-reduced, fat-modified diet. After treatment, which significantly reduced serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, they showed a significant fall in mean levels of clotting factors VII, VIII, and X and a rise in fibrinolytic activity. These findings suggest that haemostatic function may be important in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease.
Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice—IDCP
Authors: Jonathan D. Eldredge
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In May 1993 a mystery disease was afflicting otherwise healthy adults (median age, 34 years) in the Southwest. Most patients presented with symptoms of fever, myalgias, headache, and cough, followed by respiratory failure. Infectious disease physicians quickly linked this acute illness to the hantavirus, a rodent-borne pathogen never known to exist before in the Western hemisphere.<sup>1</sup>Within six months, 26 of the 44 identified patients with hantavirus in 12 states were dead.<sup>2</sup> In a preliminary analysis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention noted, "This cluster of unexplained acute illnesses in the Southwest illustrates the potential for new infectious disease problems to emerge at any time within the United States."<sup>3</sup>Indeed, the field of infectious diseases exhibits a dynamic quality in the face of new challenges, and the journal literature, intended to provide communications among practitioners and researchers, reflects this dynamism through its diversification and growth. Into
Valproic acid interferes with antiviral treatment in human cytomegalovirus-infected endothelial cells
Authors: M. Michaelis, T. A. T. Ha, H. W. Doerr, J. Cinatl
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

AimsThe endothelium represents a natural site of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection involved in viral spreading and persistence. Moreover, HCMV infection of endothelial cells has been associated with different pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. Here, the influence of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) was investigated on HCMV replication in human umbilical vein endothelial cells alone or in combination with the antiviral drugs ganciclovir, cidofovir or foscarnet.
The Birth of a Common Procedure
Authors: Friedrich C. Luft
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 June 1994The Birth of a Common ProcedureFriedrich C. Luft, MDFriedrich C. Luft, MDFranz Volhard Clinic; Berlin, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I enjoyed the quotation from Banting and Best that appeared in your 1 January 1994 issue (p. 70). It occurred to me that many housestaff physicians regularly do a procedure for which Werner Forssmann (along with Cournand and Richards) received the Nobel prize in 1956.Forssmann was a 26-year-old intern at a community hospital on the outskirts of Berlin at the time. When the article was published, he was a surgical resident in the department of Ferdinand Sauerbruch at the Charite in Berlin. The two-page article caused such a furor that Sauerbruch, a man of more bravado ...REFERENCE1. Forssmann W. Catheterization of the right heart. Klinische Wochenschrift. 1929; No. 45:2085-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Franz Volhard Clinic; Berlin, Germany PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Seldinger technique: 50 years on 1 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 11Page: 974KeywordsCatheterizationCathetersCoronary arteriesDrugsHeartNursesPoisoningRight ventricleShockVeins Issue Published: 1 June 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Streptomycin Resistance and the Study of Ribosomal Structure and Function
Authors: Bernard D. Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Though the action of streptomycin (Str) has been studied in many laboratories in the quarter-century since its discovery, its bactericidal mechanism has still not been elucidated. Nevertheless, the intensive cultivation of this special field has been most fruitful for our understanding of protein synthesis.A powerful tool in this work has been provided by the isolation of two unusual classes of mutants of Escherichia coli: highly resistant and dependent. These strains are all altered in the same region of the chromosome, called the str locus. Through the study of such strains Spotts and Stanier1 recognized the ribosome as the site . . .