tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A CONSIDERATION OF TRAUMATIC LESIONS OF THE SPINE RESULTING FROM RAILROAD AND OTHER INJURIES—THEIR ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS.Read before the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: THOMAS H. MANLEY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Since the enormous extension of the railroad system—surface, submarine and elevated—wherein steam is utilized as a motor, the attention of surgeons and the profession has been attracted to certain special features, which commonly attend or subsequently follow accidents, sustained by individuals on cars in motion, on iron rails. Many have maintained that injuries resulting from railway disasters, possess characteristic and positive lesions, which are peculiar to themselves, in symptomatology, pathology and termination. While, on the contrary, there are not a few, who take an opposite view and claim identity of analogy, between them and other disorganizations of tissue, in which the collision of heavy, moving bodies has been the direct cause, or in which similar physical agencies, but devoid of steam propulsion, have come into action. In the meantime, as if to give stability and warrant to the former allegation, certain practitioners in different sections of the country have organized,
IMMEDIATE MULTIVESSEL INTERVENTIONIN PATIENTS WITH MULTIVESSEL DISEASE UNDERGOING PRIMARY PCI FOR CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: RESULTS OF THE PROSPECTIVE IABP-SHOCK TRIAL
Authors: Uwe Zeymer, Karl Werdan, Gerhard Schuler, Franz-Josef Neumann, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Joseph Jay Bunim
Authors: J. H. Kellgren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

during this time became assistant editor of the Journal ofPathology and Bacteriology.He returned to Sheffield to take the Joseph Hunter Chair of Pathology in 1959 and thereafter played an increasing part in University affairs.He was a member of the planning committee of the new Sheffield teaching hospital and medical school, had recently joined the Regional Hospital Board, and was Public Orator in the University.His premature death is a great loss to rheumatism research.Douglas Collins had for many years been unwilling to accept the explanation that osteo- arthritis was simply the inevitable result of growing old, and he was investigating the underlying patho- logy of this condition with financial aid from the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council.He had bent the technical resources of his depart- ment, histochemical, radiochemical, radiological, microscopical, and experimental, towards research into the pathology of bone and joint disease.By means of isotope techniques he was studying the early changes in osteo-arthritis; his investigations into the results of direct injury to joint cartilage showed that there was an increased activity of the cells forming the deeper layers of cartilage and that
RaLP, a New Member of the Src Homology and Collagen Family, Regulates Cell Migration and Tumor Growth of Metastatic Melanomas
Authors: Ernesta Fagiani, Giuseppina Giardina, Lucilla Luzi, Matteo Cesaroni, Micaela Quarto, Maria Capra, Giovanni Germano, Maria Bono, Manuela Capillo, PierGiuseppe Pelicci, Luisa Lanfrancone
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The Src homology and collagen (Src) family of adaptor proteins comprises six Shc-like proteins encoded by three loci in mammals (Shc, Rai, and Sli). Shc-like proteins are tyrosine kinase substrates, which regulate diverse signaling pathways and cellular functions, including Ras and proliferation (p52/p46Shc), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and survival (p54Rai), and mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis (p66Shc). Here, we report the identification, cloning, and sequence characterization of a new member of the Shc family that we termed RaLP. RaLP encodes a 69-kDa protein characterized by the CH2-PTB-CH1-SH2 modularity, typical of the Shc protein family, and expressed, among adult tissues, only in melanomas. Analysis of RaLP expression during the melanoma progression revealed low expression in normal melanocytes and benign nevi, whereas high levels of RaLP protein were found at the transition from radial growth phase to vertical growth phase and metastatic melanomas, when tumor cells acquire migratory competence and invasive potential. Notably, silencing of RaLP expression in metastatic melanomas by RNA interference reduced tumorigenesis in vivo. Analysis of RaLP in melanoma signal transduction pathways revealed that (a) when ectopically expressed in RaLP-negative melanocytes and nonmetastatic melanoma cells, it functions as a substrate of activated insulin-like growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factor receptors and increases Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and cell migration, whereas (b) its silencing in RaLP-positive melanoma cells abrogates cell migration in vitro, without affecting MAPK signaling, suggesting that RaLP activates both Ras-dependent and Ras-independent migratory pathways in melanomas. These findings indicate that RaLP is a specific marker of metastatic melanomas, a critical determinant in the acquisition of the migratory phenotype by melanoma cells, and a potential target for novel anti-melanoma therapeutic strategies. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):3064–73]
THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND THE MEDICAL JOURNALS IN RELATION TO NOSTRUMS.
Authors: FRANK BILLINGS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Primarily, the medical profession is to blame for the present extensive use of proprietary medicines, of which the majority are nostrums. The law of demand and supply applies here; if we did not prescribe them, they would not be manufactured. "There's millions in it." The medical profession is blind; we do not see that we are the dupes of men as fertile as Colonel Sellers in schemes and far more practical than he, in that they put their plans through to a finish. Commercial cupidity exists in all the walks of life. It is small cause for wonder that shrewd men should take advantage of an opportunity that is lucrative and at the same time so easily exploited. As it seems to me, the chief causes are evident. A large number of the medical profession do not practice medicine rationally. They have no clear conception of disease processes. They do
Adults With Surgically Treated Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Joseph K. Perloff
Journal: JAMA (1983)

IN 1939, Dr Robert Gross, a pediatric surgeon, ligated the ductus arteriosus in a child. 1 Shortly thereafter, Dr Helen Taussig proposed that cyanotic children with diminished pulmonary blood flow could be helped by creating a patent ductus. 1 Five years after the first ductus was divided, Dr Taussig made the clinical diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot, and Dr Alfred Blalock created a ductus by turning down a subclavian artery and suturing its end to the side of the pulmonary artery, establishing the Blalock-Taussig anastomosis. 1 Thus began a therapeutic era that witnessed one of the most successful rehabilitation programs in medicine. 1 In the last 25 years, more than a half million patients with functionally important cardiac malformations have reached adulthood by virtue of surgical and/ or medical treatment. 2   Cardiac surgery remains the most dramatic and useful therapeutic intervention in patients with congenital heart disease, but complete cures are
Retreatment of chronic hepatitis C patients with interferon alfa, ribavirin and amantadin
Authors: Boris Vucelic, Irena Hrstic, Rajko Ostojic, Nadan Rustemovic, Milorad Opacic, Vesna Falisevac, Silvija Cavka, Tomislav Brkic, Roland Pulanic, Zeljko Krznaric, Marina Premuzic, Mira Scukanec, Blazenka Grahovac, Nada Restek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Thioridazine and Incontinence
Authors: Domeena C. Renshaw
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> This widely used major tranquillizer has been a most useful chemical restraint for many behavioral components of emotional upheaval from psychosis, applied to the childhood disorders as well as the confusion of the elderly. A side-effect I have noted within this year with four patients over 60 years and two patients under 7 years of age has been incontinence of urine, both day and night, which stopped three days after the thioridazine (Mellaril) was discontinued. This incontinence did not recur when a different phenothiazine was substituted. This side-effect is not reported in the literature. It is interestingly that historically this drug was hailed as a potential cure for enuresis, since the autonomic blockade effect of reduced bladder tone allowed for increased bladder volume, and therefore greater urinary retention. This observed (apparently idiosyncratic) effect now reported might possible be overflow incontinence due to the described mechanism.
Some Aspects of Partial Gastrectomy
Authors: J. Hosford
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MEDICBAMLJHRNAL 929 operatives often become infected during working hours, and that in factories with large workshops carriers have actually caused local epidemics of tuberculosis.Since there also seems to be some relation between rate of infection and factory size in the clothing industry (see Table IV) it is likely that the high death rate from pulmonary TABLE IV.-Inicidence of Pulmonary Tuiberciulosis in Large and Small Clothintg Factories No. Examined Pulmonary Tuberculosis Factory Size (Mass Radiography) (Rate per 1,000) (Working Population) Males Females Males Females 1-100 ...
What is Scarlet Fever?
Authors: W. Addison
Journal: BMJ (1865)

THE order of events observed in scarlet fever is, as follows.First, fever; secondly, a rash upon the skin, sore-throat, and swelling of the glands about the troat; thirdly,-exfoliation of the cuticle, mucons discharges from the throat and nose; and perhaps abscess of the submaxillary glands.This order or succession is typical of the order af.events as they take place in the blood, which we make out to be as follows.1. Infection of the corpuscles by a m,iasm inhalea through the lungs.This is announced by symptoms of fever.2. The corpuscles of blood being dilsoidered by a * Abstratet of a lecture delivqred at Brighton on September 7tb, 18s,5, in continuation of the subject " Pathology of Blood anld Fever".('see
Vascular niche promotes hematopoietic multipotent progenitor formation from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Jennifer L. Gori, Jason M. Butler, Yan-Yi Chan, Devikha Chandrasekaran, Michael G. Poulos, Michael Ginsberg, Daniel J. Nolan, Olivier Elemento, Brent L. Wood, Jennifer E. Adair, Shahin Rafii, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) represent an alternative hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) source for treating hematopoietic disease. The limited engraftment of human PSC–derived (hPSC-derived) multipotent progenitor cells (MPP) has hampered the clinical application of these cells and suggests that MPP require additional cues for definitive hematopoiesis. We hypothesized that the presence of a vascular niche that produces Notch ligands jagged-1 (JAG1) and delta-like ligand-4 (DLL4) drives definitive hematopoiesis. We differentiated hes2 human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and Macaca nemestrina–induced PSC (iPSC) line-7 with cytokines in the presence or absence of endothelial cells (ECs) that express JAG1 and DLL4. Cells cocultured with ECs generated substantially more CD34+CD45+ hematopoietic progenitors compared with cells cocultured without ECs or with ECs lacking JAG1 or DLL4. EC-induced cells exhibited Notch activation and expressed HSC-specific Notch targets RUNX1 and GATA2. EC-induced PSC-MPP engrafted at a markedly higher level in NOD/SCID/IL-2 receptor γ chain–null (NSG) mice compared with cytokine-induced cells, and low-dose chemotherapy-based selection further increased engraftment. Long-term engraftment and the myeloid-to-lymphoid ratio achieved with vascular niche induction were similar to levels achieved for cord blood–derived MPP and up to 20-fold higher than those achieved with hPSC-derived MPP engraftment. Our findings indicate that endothelial Notch ligands promote PSC-definitive hematopoiesis and production of long-term engrafting CD34+ cells, suggesting these ligands are critical for HSC emergence.
Observations on the Occurrence of Right Bundle-Branch Block Following Open Repair of Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: J. DAVID BRISTOW, DONALD G. KASSEBAUM, ALBERT STARR, HERBERT E. GRISWOLD
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The occurrence of right bundle-branch block and varying degrees of altered ventricular conduction in a group of cases of ventricular septal defects repaired by direct closure is presented. The development of abnormal conduction is correlated with the location of the ventricular septal defects and the relationship of the conduction tissue. The etiologic role of operative trauma to the conduction system is reviewed, and the influence of ventriculotomy alone is discounted.
In Vivo Surgical Resection Plus Adjuvant Gene Therapy in the Treatment of Mammary and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Steven W. Sukin, Madhu Chhikara, Xiaohong Zhu, Gustavo Ayala, Laura K. Aguilar, E. O'Brian Smith, Brian J. Miles, Timothy C. Thompson, Dov Kadmon, Estuardo Aguilar-Cordova
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Adenoviral-mediated gene therapy delivery, combining the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (Ad-tk) with gancyclovir, has been evaluated as a treatment modality for numerous tumors in the laboratory and in the clinics. As a single modality, gene therapy has shown some promising local and systemic results but no curative success. Surgery is the standard of care for many solid tumors. However, minor residual tumor following surgical resection can lead to local recurrence, and surgery is neither efficient nor plausible for metastatic disease. In this study, two tumor models were used to evaluate the effects of Ad-tk gene therapy as an adjuvant to surgery. Subcutaneous mammary- and prostate-derived tumors were produced in syngeneic mice. To evaluate systemic effects, tumor cells were injected intravenously, with subsequent formation of lung nodules. The subcutaneous tumors were surgically resected and the tumor bed was bathed with saline or Ad-tk. The animals were evaluated for toxicity, local tumor recurrence, survival, and lung nodule formation. No evidence of additional toxicity was observed. In the less aggressive mammary model, the time to recurrence was increased from 11.7 (±1.0) days to 22.7 (±5.5) days. In the prostate model, recurrence went from a mean of 17.3 (±5.6) to 22.6 (±6.8) days. Survival was also improved from a mean of 19.7 (±1.1) to 32.3 (±4.8) and 26.1 (±5.0) to 34.1 (±6.1) days in the mammary and prostate models, respectively. Evidence of systemic benefits from the use of adjuvant Ad-tk therapy was demonstrated by a significant reduction in lung nodules from a mean of 17 to 3.5. These results suggest that Ad-tk gene therapy may be a useful adjuvant for patients undergoing surgery for treatment of cancer.
The current crisis in the NHS: are we missing the point? An essay by Jan Filochowski
Authors: J. Filochowski
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Non-NMDA glutamate receptor subunits of the AMPA-preferring subfamily combine to form ion channels with heterogeneous functional properties. We have investigated the effects of RNA editing at the Q/R site, splice variation of the “flip/flop” cassette, and multimeric subunit assembly on the single-channel conductance and kinetic properties of the recombinant AMPA receptors formed from GluR2 and GluR4 expressed in HEK 293 cells. We found that AMPA receptor single-channel conductance was dependent on the Q/R site editing state of the subunits comprising the channel. Calcium-permeable (unedited) channels had resolvable single-channel events with main conductance states of 7–8 pS, whereas fully edited GluR2 channels had very low conductances of ∼300 fS (estimated from noise analysis). Additionally, the flip splice variant of GluR4 conferred agonist-dependent conductance properties reminiscent of those found for a subset of AMPA receptors in cultured cerebellar granule cells. These results provide a description of the single-channel properties of certain recombinant AMPA receptors and suggest that the single-channel conductance may be determined by the expression of edited GluR2 subunits in neurons.
PATTERNS OF NEWLY DETECTED ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND ANTITHROMBOTIC TREATMENT IN NORTH AMERICA (GLORIA-AF PHASE II)
Authors: Jonathan L. Halperin, Menno Huisman, Hans-Christoph Diener, Sergio J. Dubner, Changsheng Ma, Kenneth Rothman, Jeff Healey, Kristina Zint, Amelie Elsaesser, Miney Paquette, Christine Teutsch, Gregory Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Commentary: Measuring what matters: the case for patient generated PROMS
Authors: Paul Wicks
Journal: BMJ (2015)

When I started researching amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 2002 I was trained to interview patients and administer a 12 item scale assessing their ability to walk, speak, and breathe. It yielded a score between 48 (healthy) and 0 (incapacitated). This functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R)1 was developed to support clinical trials and correlates with survival and markers of neurodegeneration.2 3 In contrast to the shared notes schemes Nelson and colleagues’ describe,4 we were not allowed to tell patients what their score was. The scale was seen as a research tool to describe groups, not the progress of individuals, so would it help or harm patients to know they scored 23 or 35?

Subsequent validation studies showed the measure was just as reliable if administered by caregivers,5 by telephone,6 or by patients themselves.7 In November 2005 patients were given access to an online self reported version of the scale and visualisations of their progress compared with that of other patients on PatientsLikeMe.com. This website was built by a family affected by ALS who wanted to learn more about the progression of the disease and manage it effectively. Self reported data submitted to the website were validated against clinical measures …
Bacteremia in Adult Diabetic Patients
Authors: Leonard Leibovici, Zmira Samra, Hanna Konisberger, Ofra Kalter-Leibovici, Silvio D Pitlik, Moshe Drucker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

To compare the microbiology, sources, complications, and outcome of bacteremia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.A prospective study was conducted of all episodes of bacteremia in hospitalized diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The study consisted of patients greater than or equal to 18 yr of age with bacteremia detected within a 19-mo interval.We compared 124 episodes of bacteremia in 119 diabetic patients to 508 episodes in 480 nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients were older than nondiabetic patients (median age 74 vs. 68 yr, P = 0.0001). In patients with an indwelling urinary catheter and bacteremic urinary tract infection, the percentage of Klebsiella in diabetic patients was 60% (6 of 10) and in nondiabetic patients was 17% (4 of 23, P = 0.04). In patients without an obvious source of bacteremia, the percentage of staphylococcal isolates in diabetic patients was 29% (10 of 35) and in nondiabetic patients was 14% (24 of 176, P = 0.04). Staphylococci were a common cause of bacteremic infections of the extremities in diabetic patients (12 of 19, 63%) and nondiabetic patients (20 of 50, 40%). Septic shock was the only complication that was more common in diabetic patients. The mortality in diabetic and nondiabetic patients was 28 and 29%, respectively.Our results represent elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In this group, empirical treatment for suspected bacteremic urinary tract infection in patients with a urinary catheter should include coverage for Klebsiella. Empiric treatment for suspected bacteremia of unknown origin or caused by infection of the extremities should include an antistaphylococcal drug. The prognosis of bacteremia in diabetic and nondiabetic patients was similar.
Network origins of anxiety and depression
Authors: Michael E. Hyland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Cramer et al. contrast two possible explanations for psychological symptoms: latent variables (i.e., specific cause) versus a network of causality between symptoms. There is a third explanation: The reason for comorbidity and the reported network structure of psychological symptoms is that the underlying biological cause is a psychoneuroimmunoendocrine information network which, when dysregulated, leads to several maladaptive psychological and somatic symptoms.
Imaging Patterns of Vascular Lesions of the Head and Neck Demonstrated by Tc-99m Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, SARA GIPS, AVI FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors report on three patients with head and neck masses who demonstrated different imaging patterns on Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy, suggesting different vascular pathology of the lesions. Defining these patterns can be helpful in the diagnosis and decision making concerning the appropriate treatment of these patients.
Studies on the mechanism of omega-hydroxylation of platelet 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by unstimulated neutrophils.
Authors: A J Marcus, L B Safier, H L Ullman, N Islam, M J Broekman, C von Schacky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Stimulated platelets, in the presence or absence of aspirin, synthesize significant quantities of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), which is chemotactic and chemokinetic, and enhances mononuclear cell procoagulant activity. During a cell-cell interaction between stimulated platelets and unstimulated neutrophils, platelet 12-HETE is metabolized to 12,20-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12,20-DiHETE) by neutrophils. Characteristics of the enzyme system in unstimulated neutrophils responsible for this omega-hydroxylation were investigated. A broad range of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, as well as leukotriene B4, blocked formation of 12,20-DiHETE. Owing largely to released proteases, neutrophil homogenization abolished activity. Pretreatment with diisopropylfluorophosphate preserved activity in neutrophil homogenates. omega-Hydroxylation of 12-HETE was confined solely to the microsomal fraction. Specific activity increased 6.6-fold compared with neutrophil sonicates. The electron donor NADPH was a required cofactor. These results indicate that the enzyme in unstimulated human neutrophils, which metabolizes 12-HETE from stimulated platelets to 12,20-DiHETE in this cell-cell interaction, is a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase.
Immunomodulatory Activity of SGI-110, a Second Generation Hypomethylating Agent
Authors: M. Maio, G. Choy, A. Covre, G. Parisi, H. Nicolay, E. Fratta, E. Fonsatti, L. Sigalotti, S. Coral, P. Taverna, M. Azab
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Metabolic Complications of Acute Arterial Occlusions and Related Conditions (Myonephropathic-Metabolic Syndrome)
Authors: D. E. Strandness
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This volume culminates 29 years of interest by Dr Haimovici in the problems associated with rhabdomyolysis brought about by acute arterial occlusion. This work nicely summarizes the past and present status of the field. The reader is brought up to date on some of the newer approaches to the problem as it relates to reperfusion and the use of scavenging agents. The book begins with a review of the basic anatomy of the skeletal muscle unit and the biochemistry of contraction. There is a review of the biochemistry of myoglobin, how it is formed, and its role in the renal failure that accompanies advanced muscle ischemia. There is an important chapter on the pathology of rhabdomyolysis that reviews the histological changes that occur during the various stages of ischemic degeneration. This sets the stage for understanding the metabolic consequences of ischemic injury that can occur. All the possible causes for