tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on Serum Haptoglobin
Authors: Charles F. Whitten, Ronald Tankard, Gloria Frazier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE alpha2-globulin fraction of human serum proteins, which Polonovski and Jayle1 named haptoglobin, has been demonstrated to have the ability to bind extracorpuscular hemoglobin in vivo with the formation of a molecule that is too large (molecular weight, 310,000)2 to pass readily through the renal glomeruli. Thereby haptoglobin plays a major part in determining the fate of plasma hemoglobin reaching the kidney, in that the plasma hemoglobin level must exceed the serum haptoglobin concentration before hemoglobin will be excreted.3 , 4 Although the hemoglobin-binding ability of haptoglobin has been established, the functional significance of this ability has not been defined. . . .
Outside Medicine: The game of cricket
Authors: H M Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine whether clinically nondemented elderly individuals with pathologically confirmed preclinical AD are characterized by cognitive decline as measured by psychometric tests before death. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Psychometric performance was examined retrospectively in 14 individuals who were nondemented at time of death and grouped in accordance with their neuropathologic findings: 1) Healthy brain (n = 9) was characterized by the absence of senile plaques or by only patchy neocortical deposits of plaques; 2) preclinical AD (n = 5) was characterized by neuritic and diffuse plaques distributed throughout the neocortex. All individuals showed neurofibrillary pathologic change in medial temporal lobe structures. For comparison, we also evaluated 10 individuals who died in the earliest symptomatic stage of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). All individuals had been assessed by clinical and psychometric measures during life. The psychometric measures yielded a standardized factor score that represented global cognitive performance. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At the last assessment before death, individuals with very mild DAT were impaired on the factor score and on individual psychometric measures with respect to the nondemented individuals. Those nondemented individuals with preclinical AD did not differ in performance from those with healthy brains. For individuals with at least three psychometric assessments during life, there was no decline in performance for either those with healthy brains (n = 5) or preclinical AD (n = 3), although decline was evident for very mild DAT individuals (n = 5). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Pathologically confirmed preclinical AD is not associated with cognitive impairment or decline, even on measures shown to be sensitive to very mild DAT.
Abstract IA6: Cell cycle progression genes differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Steven Stone, Jack Cuzick, Dan Berney, Julia Reid, Gabrielle Fisher, Jerry Lanchbury, Alexander Gutin, Greg Swanson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: In cancers with variable natural history, prognostic biomarkers are needed for selecting patients for therapeutic intervention. This is particularly true for prostate cancer, where many screen-detected cases are indolent and predicting adverse outcomes is difficult. Therefore, we developed an expression signature composed of genes involved in cell cycle progression (CCP) and tested its utility in prostate cancer. Methods: We developed a 46-gene prognostic RNA signature that is based on measuring the expression of CCP genes. The expression score (CCP score) is derived as the normalized mean expression all CCP genes in the signature. Results: The prognostic utility of the CCP score has been tested in both multiple clinical settings and patient populations. First, it was tested in a post-prostatectomy cohort from the U.S. where the CCP score predicted biochemical recurrence in univariate (χ2 = 34.0, 1df, p = 5·6 × 10-9) and multivariate analysis (χ2 = 21.65, 1df, p = 3.3 × 10-6). CCP score and PSA were the dominant variables in the best predictive model and were much more significant than any other clinical measure. Second, it was tested in a conservatively managed TURP cohort from the UK where the CCP score was the dominant variable for predicting death from prostate cancer in both univariate (χ2 = 92.7, 1df, p = 6.1 × 10-22) and multivariate analyses (χ2 = 42.2, p = 8.2 × 10-11). Third, it was tested in a conservatively managed needle biopsy cohort from the UK where the CCP score was a better univariate predictor of prostate cancer death than any other variable (χ2 = 37·6, 1df, p = 8.6 × 10-10). The best multivariate model from this study included Gleason and PSA, but CCP dominated (HR for one unit increase = 1.65, 95% CI (1.31, 2.09) χ2 = 17.7, P = 3 × 10-5) with Gleason score (χ2 = 12.1, P = 5 × 10-4) and baseline PSA (χ2 = 5.7, P = 0.017) providing significant, but smaller additional contributions. Conclusions: A CCP expression signature is prognostic in prostate cancer patients at diagnosis and after prostatectomy. It consistently provides information beyond clinical and pathological variables to help differentiate aggressive from indolent disease. Studies aimed at expanding the clinical utility of this signature are warranted and ongoing. Citation Format: Steven Stone, On behalf of the Transatlantic Prostate Group, Jack Cuzick, Dan Berney, Julia Reid, Gabrielle Fisher, Jerry Lanchbury, Alexander Gutin, Greg Swanson. Cell cycle progression genes differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA6.
Varicose ulcers and use of topical corticosteroids.
Authors: I. B. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1968)

ment are present in the cytoplasm of the parasite,' whereas with the other three species, in all forms larger than the ring forms, 20- 50 individual grains can be seen.It does happen occasionally, but not often, that in P. vivax only ring forms may be found, but if the species is mistaken for P. falciparum it is of no importance.There is something to be said for advising pathologists to send all malaria films to specialists for confirming species diagnosis, even after treatment has been started.Quite recently we were sent films of a patient who had never left the shores of the United Kingdom.He had had a blood trans- fusion,' and died several weeks later from what was believed to be malignant malaria and black-water fever.It was in fact a human and fatal case of Babesia (Piroplasma divergens), and the blood transfusion had no part in the infection.The so-called black- water fever was in fact redwater fever.The parasites so very closely resemble morphologi- cally the ring forms of P. falciparum that only an experienced worker could be expected to make the differentiation.Although this is the first case of human Babesia ever to be reported in the United Kingdom and only the third anywhere in the world, it does, I think, justify the above remarks.Inciden- tally this patient, as with the other two known cases, one in Yugoslavia5 and the other in California, had had a splenectomy.I would add that the diagnosis of piroplasmosis was confirmed by Professor P. C. C. Garnham.'All the piroplasmata of cattle, horses, and other animals were at first placed in the genus Piroplasma or Babesia.Piroplasmosis is endemic among cattle, sheep, and rodents in many parts of the United Kingdom, and, although the number of people who have had a splenectomy is small, it never- theless may be of some importance, espe- cially among farmworkers and veterinary surgeons.
Physician Workforce Crisis? Wrong Diagnosis, Wrong Prescription
Authors: David C. Goodman, Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Despite the fact that there are now more physicians per capita in the United States than there have been for at least 50 years, the Council on Graduate Medical Education (COGME) recently predicted a 10% shortfall of physicians by 2020. Public concern about access to care, reports of difficulties in recruiting physicians in many specialties, and discussion of the looming collapse of primary care all contribute to the sense of crisis. The Association of American Medical Colleges has responded with calls for a 30% expansion of U.S. medical schools and a lifting of the current cap on Medicare funding for . . .
Carboxyhemoglobin Levels-Reply
Authors: Richard D. Stewart
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The criticism by Radford, while provocative, fails in its mission because it does not deal scientifically with several critical factors essential to the correct interpretation of the COHb survey data. Dr. Radford advances the hypothesis that the mean COHb saturation values reported from our survey of approximately 15,000 nonsmoking blood donors are "unusually high." To support this contention he cites three unpublished studies of his own in which the total number of subjects was only 64, and two other unpublished studies with but 200 subjects. Not only were these studies performed on exceedingly small populations, but these populations were drawn from<i>different</i>geographical areas, sampled at a different time and over a very limited period as compared to our study. A biostatistician would be hesitant to suggest that the reported COHb saturations from a large population in Los Angeles were too high simply because they differed from COHb
Frequent retinoic acid receptor alpha (Rar‐α) gene rearrangements and no point mutations of N‐Ras gene in fifteen cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Eva Arranz, Almudena Santon, Mercedes Robledo, Jose Sánchez‐Fayos, Javier Benítez
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)
Dominant lethal studies with the halogenated olefins vinyl chloride and vinylidene dichloride in male CD-1 mice
Authors: Diana Anderson, M. C. E. Hodge, I. F. H. Purchase
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The mutagenic activity of vinyl chloride (VC) and vinylidene dichloride (VDC) at three exposure levels was assessed in fertile male CD-1 mice with the dominant lethal test. Each compound was assessed in a separate study. Male mice were exposed by inhalation to VC at 3000, 10,000, and 30,000 ppm and to VDC at 10, 30, and 50 ppm for 6 hr/day for 5 days. By comparison with control males exposed to air, no mutagenic effects on any maturation stage of spermatogenesis in treated males were detected. There was no significant increase in the number of postimplantational early fetal deaths as shown by the number of females with one or more early deaths or the number of early deaths/pregnancy or the number of early deaths/total implants/pregnancy. There was no evidence of pre-implantational egg losses as indicated by the total implants/pregnant female. There was also no reduction in fertility. (The reduction in fertility at 50 ppm VDC was unproven). The lack of effect was not due to the insensitivity of the system used, since both the VC and VDC study a mutagenic effect was clearly demonstrated in male mice dosed IP with the positive control compounds cyclophosphamide (CTX) and/or ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS). During dosing these animals were housed under similar exposure conditions to those animals exposed to the test substances but with a flow of air through the exposure chambers.Thus, neither VC nor VDC is mutagenic in the mouse at the stated exposure levels as measured by the dominant lethal test.
Paraplegia Following Abdominal Aortography
Authors: L. L. Sheely
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal(Nov. 26, 1960, p. 1770) is an abstract of an article published in the<i>Annals of Surgery</i>entitled "Spinal Cord Injury as a Complication of Aortography." The abstract lists precautionary measures, the fifth one being "Avoidance of barbiturate anesthesia." The original article reveals that the authors had very little evidence on which to base so positive a statement. They state that, in their series of 38 spinal cord injuries following aortography, data regarding the method of anesthesia was available for 19 cases. Of these, 15 received general anesthesia, with 12 receiving barbiturate in combination with other general anesthetic agents. The remainder were given local anesthesia. The only evidence incriminating barbiturates as a possible cause for the spinal cord injury is this apparent coincidental occurrence. The authors realize this, and state "Although the incidence of barbiturate general anesthesia in this study is striking, it does
Diazepam clearance and metabolism for the functional assessment of a porcine hepatocyte based bioartificial liver
Authors: V Como, A Donini, V Vianello, A Risaliti, V Bonfreschi, C Gonano, U Baccarani, A Pasqualotto, G Anania, O Belvedere, A Degrassi, F Bresadola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
TCT-621 Advanced Computed Tomographic Modeling of Plaque Geometry for Prediction of Fractional Flow Reserve in Intermediate Coronary Lesions
Authors: Maksymilian P. Opolski, Cezary Kepka, Stephan Achenbach, Jerzy Pregowski, Mariusz Kruk, Adam D. Staruch, Adam Witkowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
RETROGRADE TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS IN CHILDREN USING THE AMPLATZER DUCT OCCLUDER II DEVICE
Authors: Nageswara Rao Koneti, Raghava Penumatsa, Sreenivas Arramraju, Karunakar Vadlamudi, narayanswami sreeram
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Current Concepts in Minimal Brain Dysfunction
Authors: F. J. Schulte
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Towbin, in his article on minimal brain dysfunction (p 1207) again proposes the hypothesis that all of us have a touch of mental retardation or cerebral palsy as a result of minor perinatal brain damage. It is not controversial that a continuum from complete normality to total brain destruction must exist, but current thinking has more and more left the classical etiologies of birth trauma and hypoxia behind as factors to be considered in perinatal minimal brain damage. Their role in producing nervous damage is too well documented to be ignored, but other causes seem to be equally important in this regard.  For example, certain genetically inherited metabolic pecularities are very likely to be responsible for less than optimal brain function. Certain types of phenylalanine-hydroxylase deficiency and hyperphenylalaninemia causing borderline intelligence deficit 1 are instances of the many variants of the full-blown biochemical abnormality.  Early malnutrition is also being recognized
Complications of Endoscopic Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices
Authors: J. Baillie, P. Yudelman
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

See also: Esophageal Strictures after Endoscopic Injection SclerotherapyEndoscopy 1994; 26(04): 370-370DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1008999
Isoniazid prevented active tuberculosis in patients with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Henry S. Sacks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Rangaka MX, Wilkinson RJ, Boulle A, et al. Isoniazid plus antiretroviral therapy to prevent tuberculosis: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 May 13. [Epub ahead of print] 24835842
Assessment of the inherent allergenic potential of proteins in mice.
Authors: Ian Kimber, Sue Stone, Rebecca J Dearman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

There is considerable interest in the design of approaches that will permit the accurate identification and characterization of proteins that have the inherent potential to induce sensitization and cause food allergy. Among the methods used currently as part of such assessments are consideration of structural similarity to, or amino acid sequence homology with, known human allergens; whether there exists immunologic cross-reactivity with known allergens; and measurement of resistance to proteolytic digestion in a simulated gastric fluid. Although such approaches provide information that will contribute to a safety assessment, they do not--either individually or collectively--provide a direct evaluation of the ability of a novel protein to cause allergic sensitization. For this reason, work is in progress to design and evaluate suitable animal models that will provide a more holistic assessment of allergenic potential. In this laboratory, the approach we have taken has been to examine the characteristics of immune responses induced in mice following parenteral (intraperitoneal) exposure to test proteins. The basis of this method is to determine simultaneously the overall immunogenic potential of proteins [measured as a function of immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody responses] and to compare this with their ability to provoke IgE antibody production, IgE being the antibody that effects allergic sensitization. Although this approach has not yet been evaluated fully, the results available to date suggest that it will be possible to distinguish proteins that have the inherent potential to induce allergic sensitization from those that do not. In this article we summarize progress to date in the context of the scientific background against which such methods are being developed.
STUDIES ON BACTERIEMIA
Authors: David E. Rogers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

During the course of studies on the characteristics of experimental bacteriemia, staphylococci were swiftly cleared from the blood stream of rabbits during the initial 10 to 15 minutes following intravenous injection of microorganisms. A subsequent abrupt decline in the rate of clearance ensued, resulting in a low grade bacteriemia which was demonstrable for many hours. The experiments reported have indicated that this strain of staphylococcus is rapidly phagocyted within the vascular system of rabbits, and that viable staphylococci circulate within the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The removal mechanisms contained within the liver and spleen appear to preferentially trap circulating extracellular staphylococci. When most of the circulating staphylococci are contained within leukocytes, splanchnic removal declines or virtually ceases. These observations suggest that viable, intracellular microorganisms are responsible for the persistence of staphylococcal bacteriemia in rabbits following the phase of rapid removal from the blood stream.
Salt Excretion in Sweat in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: P. Siegenthaler, U. C. Dubach, R. de Haller
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Since the discovery of abnormally high levels of sodium and chloride in sweat in children with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas ( CFP) by di Sant'Agnese et al in 1953, the sweat test has proved to be a valuable help in pediatrics. The finding of a high salt excretion by eccrine sweat glands in a child with steatorrhea associated with pulmonary disease makes the diagnosis of CFP certain. Most investigators give the upper normal limit of sodium at 70-80 mEq/liter and that of chloride at 50-60 mEq/liter. In CFP very high sodium values up to 120 mEq/liter and more are encountered, and chloride levels may be even higher. Salt loss by sweating is also important in adrenal cortical hypofunction (Addison's disease), but, in general, sodium and chloride concentrations are not as high as in CFP. On the other hand, pituitary hypofunction is not followed by abnormal salt excretion
Neural Mechanisms of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-induced Inflammation and Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Sequelae
Authors: GIOVANNI PIEDIMONTE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to the paramyxovirus family and is made of a single strand of RNA encoding 10 proteins, the most important of which in terms of infectivity are the two surface glycoproteins, G and F. The G protein mediates attachment of the virus to host cells, while the F (fusion) protein mediates viral penetration and subsequent spread to adjacent respiratory epithelial cells, with fusion of cell membranes and formation of syncytia (1). The resulting infection is an extremely common, self-limited disease among infants. What is most intriguing about RSV lower respiratory tract infection, however, is the risk of persistent, recurrent wheezing, especially during the first years after the original infection. Although the frequency of this postbronchiolitic wheezing declines with age, a significant proportion of children continue to experience recurrent episodes of wheezing up to 7 to 11 yr later (2, 3). Beyond the first decade of life there no longer appears to be a significant relationship between RSV bronchiolitis and recurrent wheezing (2). Therefore, although RSV bronchiolitis may not cause lifelong respiratory problems, it appears to be associated with prolonged respiratory morbidity during the developmental years of life. RSV bronchiolitis in infancy is also associated with changes in pulmonary function. Because these changes are reversible, it is likely that they reflect a transient dysfunction of the airway control mechanisms rather than permanent remodeling. Some authors have proposed that the respiratory dysfunction following RSV bronchiolitis may be, at least in part, the result of changes in the neural pathways to the airways (4). Others believe that there is an alteration of the local immune response (5). It is possible that these two potential mechanisms are linked, with combined neuroimmune responses leading to persistent airway inflammation and hyperreactivity.
THE TOLERANCE OF PHYSICAL EXERTION, AS SHOWN BY SOLDIERS SUFFERING FROM SO-CALLED "IRRITABLE HEART."
Authors: T. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1918)

I u 363 impressed by the functional importance of the region of the apex.The chief terminal arborescences of the AN.bundle end in the trabecular network of the apical regii;n.Dr. Thomas Lewis7 lias demonstrated that the apical region is the first to pass into con.tractionwith the onset of ventricular systole.When we open the ventricles we see that their internal musculature-columnase ca.rneae and musculi papillares-commence in the apical region and divide into two sets.The larger set terminates in the auricular or movable base, the smaller or septal set in the fixed or aortic base.When we examine the outside of the ventricles we find the same arrangement in the spiral fibres.They commence in thle vortex of the apex and divide into two sets-an extensive one which ends in the auricular movable base, and a less extensive, which ends in the fixed aortic base.Between these outer and inner sets is placed the great middle driving muscle of the left ventricle; its spirals are so closely pressed together that
The Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome protein mediates translational activation of ribosomes in yeast
Authors: Tobias F Menne, Beatriz Goyenechea, Nuria Sánchez-Puig, Chi C Wong, Louise M Tonkin, Philip J Ancliff, Renée L Brost, Michael Costanzo, Charles Boone, Alan J Warren
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Effects of administration of a single dose of a humanized monoclonal antibody to CD11a on the immunobiology and clinical activity of psoriasis
Authors: Alice Gottlieb, James G. Krueger, Ross Bright, Mark Ling, Mark Lebwohl, Sewon Kang, Steve Feldman, Mary Spellman, Knut Wittkowski, Hans D. Ochs, Paula Jardieu j, Robert Bauer k, Mark White j, Russell Dedrick, Marvin Garovoy
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)