tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of recent onset chest pain or discomfort of suspected cardiac origin: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: A. Cooper, A. Timmis, J. Skinner
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Chest pain is very common, and in the United Kingdom about 1% of visits to a general practitioner, 5% of visits to the emergency department, and 25% of emergency hospital admissions are for this symptom.1 Chest pain has many causes, and when the cause could be cardiac in origin, appropriate and timely assessment and diagnostic investigation are needed. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the assessment and diagnosis of recent onset chest pain or discomfort of suspected cardiac origin.2 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the experience and opinion of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) on what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. Two separate diagnostic pathways are presented. The first is for people with acute chest pain in whom an acute coronary syndrome is suspected. The second is for people with intermittent stable chest pain in whom stable angina is suspected. ### Acute chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome #### Initial clinical assessment and referral to hospital
TINNITUS AURIUM AND THE DEAFNESS WHICH ACCOMPANIES BRIGHT’S DISEASE.
Authors: LAURENCE TURNBULL
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in Section on Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology.] Within the last two years my attention has been called in hospital and private practice to several cases of Bright's Disease of the Kidneys in which there was disturbance of the hearing; and the following is a report of a few of them: Case I. Acute Interstitial nephritis.—E. F., aged 18, a lad of delicate organization, was attacked with nephritis while exposing himself after bathing in the sea at Atlantic City. He had a chill, followed by pain in the region of the kidneys, and he was not promptly treated, and no examination of his urine was made for several weeks, while he was under the care of two physicians prior to his visiting me. When he presented himself he had slight œdema of the face and extremities. There was no dimness of vision, but loss of hearing, with a recent muco
Estrogen-Like Effects of Cadmium <i>in Vivo</i> Do Not Appear to be Mediated via the Classical Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Pathway
Authors: Imran Ali, Pauliina E. Penttinen-Damdimopoulou, Sari I. Mäkelä, Marika Berglund, Ulla Stenius, Agneta Åkesson, Helen Håkansson, Krister Halldin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Cadmium (Cd), a ubiquitous food contaminant, has been proposed to be an endocrine disruptor by inducing estrogenic responses in vivo. Several in vitro studies suggested that these effects are mediated via estrogen receptors (ERs).We performed this study to clarify whether Cd-induced effects in vivo are mediated via classical ER signaling through estrogen responsive element (ERE)-regulated genes or if other signaling pathways are involved.We investigated the estrogenic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure in vivo by applying the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rodent uterotrophic bioassay to transgenic ERE-luciferase reporter mice. Immature female mice were injected subcutaneously with CdCl2 (5, 50, or 500 µg/kg body weight) or with 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on 3 consecutive days. We examined uterine weight and histology, vaginal opening, body and organ weights, Cd tissue retention, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and ERE-dependent luciferase expression.CdCl2 increased the height of the uterine luminal epithelium in a dose-dependent manner without increasing the uterine wet weight, altering the timing of vaginal opening, or affecting the luciferase activity in reproductive or nonreproductive organs. However, we observed changes in the phosphorylation of mouse double minute 2 oncoprotein (Mdm2) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) in the liver after CdCl2 exposure. As we expected, EE2 advanced vaginal opening and increased uterine epithelial height, uterine wet weight, and luciferase activity in various tissues.Our data suggest that Cd exposure induces a limited spectrum of estrogenic responses in vivo and that, in certain targets, effects of Cd might not be mediated via classical ER signaling through ERE-regulated genes.
Prostaglandin-like Activity in Ocular Inflammation
Authors: K. E. Eakins, R. A. F. Whitelocke, A. Bennett, A. C. Martenet
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Aqueous humour samples from untreated patients with acute anterior uveitis were found to contain substantial amounts of prostaglandin-like activity. Little activity was found in aqueous from patients treated with steroids, and none (&lt;2 ng/ml) was detected in aqueous from the uninflamed eyes of patients with cataract. Alkaline hydrolysis of the samples from inflamed eyes suggested the presence of both E and F prostaglandin-like activity. These results show that prostaglandins may be involved in acute anterior uveitis.
Hepatitis Among Missionaries in Ethiopia and Sudan
Authors: John D. Frame
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Among a group of 178 adult missionaries in Ethiopia, icteric hepatitis occurred at an annual rate of 5.5%. In another group of 57 adults in Ethiopia, and among 66 adults in Sudan, the annual rates were 3.9% and 2.0%, respectively. The incidence among children tended to be lower. The incidence of hepatitis continued at a high level for many years. As a prophylactic, γ-globulin would have been required for many years, not only for the first few. Not more than 55% appeared likely to develop immunity because of inapparent (anicteric) infection. The rate of second bouts of icteric hepatitis was about one fifth the rate for first attacks. The presence of a cold season in the climate may have contributed to the high incidence of hepatitis in Ethiopia, as compared to Sudan.
1073-148 Relation between angina pectoris and coronary flow reserve in patients with aortic stenosis: An adenosine transthoracic doppler echocardiographic study
Authors: Teruyoshi Kume, Takashi Akasaka, Takahiro Kawamoto, Nozomi Watanabe, Yuji Koyama, Hidetoshi Yoshitani, Yoji Neishi, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract 4936: Network signatures of survival in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Vishal Patel, Giridharan Gokulrangan, Salim Chowdhury, Yanwen Chen, Andrew Sloan, Mehmet Koyuturk, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Mark Chance
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and also the most aggressive, with a median survival time of approximately 1 year. Differences in age and pathology have long been recognized as key factors in determining prognosis, and, more recently, comprehensive mRNA profiling has been undertaken to establish the molecular basis underlying prognosis. Though early mRNA expression-based gene sets represented unbiased queries into molecular differences in gliomas, they only uncovered differences in survival ex post facto1, 2. Newer gene sets capitalize upon advances in technology, yet they suffer for their unwieldy size and ambiguous biological meaning3. Though the myriad gene sets proposed share little overlap with each other, recent work has demonstrated that the use of interaction networks can consolidate these differences. To determine the molecular basis of prognostic differences in GBM directly, we employed an existing computational framework, CRANE, to exhaustively search protein interaction networks and identify molecular signatures distinguishing short-term (&amp;lt;225 days) and long-term (&amp;gt;635 days) survivors of GBM in The Cancer Genome Atlas gene expression microarray dataset. Using CRANE, we identified a 50 gene subnetwork signature of survival in GBM, which we validated in an independent dataset of 91 patients (80% classification accuracy). We further hypothesized that the use of interaction networks consolidates variation in mRNA expression into more stable features at higher phenotypic levels. To test this hypothesis, we examined protein expression levels of the 50 network targets in an independent cohort of 16 patients (10 patients: survival&amp;lt;9 months; 6 patients: survival&amp;gt;18 months) using label-free proteomics. Of the 17 network targets identified in common with our 50 subnetwork signature genes, 8 were significantly differentially expressed between short-term and long-term survivors, and expression levels of 3 of the proteins (STAT3, Calnexin, and HSPA9) predicted phenotype (LTS vs. STS) with 75% or more accuracy (12 or 13 correct out of 16). Our conclusion is that data integration using interaction networks can drive discovery of a stable subnetwork signature exhibiting clear differences in protein expression. This manageable subset of proteomic targets will prove invaluable in the design of cost-effective clinical assays (e.g. IHC) suitable for retrospective analysis from FFPE tumor tissue in existing biobanks, as well as for prospective studies predicting patient survival - a much desired endpoint for clinicians and patients alike. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4936. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4936
Lung Volume and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Requirements in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Raphael C. Heinzer, Michael L. Stanchina, Atul Malhotra, Robert B. Fogel, Sanjay R. Patel, Amy S. Jordan, Karen Schory, David P. White
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Previous studies have demonstrated that lung volume during wakefulness influences upper airway size and resistance, particularly in patients with sleep apnea. We sought to determine the influence of lung volume on the level of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) required to prevent flow limitation during non-REM sleep in subjects with sleep apnea. Seventeen subjects (apnea–hypopnea index, 42.6 ± 6.2 [SEM]) were studied during stable non-REM sleep in a rigid head-out shell equipped with a positive/negative pressure attachment for manipulation of extrathoracic pressure. An epiglottic pressure catheter plus a mask/pneumotachometer were used to assess flow limitation. When lung volume was increased by 1,035 ± 22 ml, the CPAP level could be decreased from 11.9 ± 0.7 to 4.8 ± 0.7 cm H2O (p < 0.001) without flow limitation. The decreased CPAP at the same negative extrathoracic pressure yielded a final lung volume increase of 421 ± 36 ml above the initial value. Conversely, when lung volume was reduced by 732 ± 74 ml (n = 8), the CPAP level had to be increased from 11.9 ± 0.7 to 17.1 ± 1.0 cm H2O (p < 0.001) to prevent flow limitation, with a final lung volume decrease of 567 ± 78 ml. These results demonstrate that relatively small changes in lung volume have an important effect on the upper airway in subjects with sleep apnea during non-REM sleep.
Clinical Appraisal of Intra-arterial Priscoline Therapy in the Management of Peripheral Arterial Diseases
Authors: ANDREW G. PRANDONI, MARVIN MOSER
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Priscoline can be given intra-arterially without difficulty. Untoward reactions are infrequent even in older patients. Intra-arterial administration was often effective in patients who did not respond to oral Priscoline. Although maximal vasodilatation may not be achieved by giving Priscoline intra-arterially, the degree of vasodilatation obtained is often adequate for a clinical effect. Results in 250 patients indicate that intra-arterial Priscoline is most useful in the treatment of ischemic rest pain resulting from organic vascular disease. Improvement in exercise tolerance was infrequent. Causalgia, delayed wound healing and ulceration in Reynaud's disease responded favorably in some instances.
Overexpression of TCL1 activates the endoplasmic reticulum stress response: a novel mechanism of leukemic progression in mice
Authors: Crystina L. Kriss, Javier A. Pinilla-Ibarz, Adam W. Mailloux, John J. Powers, Chih-Hang Anthony Tang, Chang Won Kang, Nicola Zanesi, Pearlie K. Epling-Burnette, Eduardo M. Sotomayor, Carlo M. Croce, Juan R. Del Valle, Chih-Chi Andrew Hu
Journal: Blood (2012)
Constitutive expression of pore-forming protein in peripheral blood gamma/delta T cells: implication for their cytotoxic role in vivo.
Authors: M Nakata, M J Smyth, Y Norihisa, A Kawasaki, Y Shinkai, K Okumura, H Yagita
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The cytotoxic activity and pore-forming protein (PFP) expression of human peripheral blood (PB) gamma/delta T cells were examined. Fresh gamma/delta T cells isolated from PB lymphocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorting exhibited a substantial natural killer-like cytotoxic activity against K562 target cells and had a high cytotoxic potential triggered by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against P815 target cells bearing Fc gamma R. Immunocytochemical staining with an anti-PFP mAb revealed that virtually all PB gamma/delta T cells are granular lymphocytes with abundant PFP in their cytoplasmic granules. Constitutive expression of PFP in PB gamma/delta T cells was also demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. These observations support the proposed role of gamma/delta T cells in cytolytic immune surveillance in vivo.
Cost-effectiveness of PUVA Therapy: Further Considerations-Reply
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Abel and and her colleagues are correct in pointing out that our article did not quantify the cost of diagnosing and treating skin cancers attributable to PUVA, the cost of reduced immune responsiveness, and the cost relating to possible cataract formation. Such costs were mentioned only because they were small compared with the costs of repeated PUVA treatments and the costs of hospitalizations for treatment of psoriasis. Furthermore, they were more than counterbalanced by the costs of alternative therapy (such as topical agents), lost time from work, and physician office fees. The ultimate place for PUVA in the treatment of psoriasis will depend on its long-term toxic effects. With the help of Dr Abel and other investigators, continued study for at least another five years of the original cohort of patients treated with PUVA should help provide a better assessment of long-term risks. However, it is not
Air pollution and hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease in persons with congestive heart failure or arrhythmia.
Authors: Jennifer K Mann, Ira B Tager, Fred Lurmann, Mark Segal, Charles P Quesenberry, Marlene M Lugg, Jun Shan, Stephen K Van Den Eeden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We examined whether ischemic heart disease (IHD) hospital admissions were associated with air pollutants in those with and without secondary diagnoses of arrhythmia (ARR) or congestive heart failure (CHF). We assessed the occurrence of increased vulnerability among persons with these conditions to daily variations in ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, or particulate matter less than or equal to 10 micro m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10). The study population consisted of members of a large health maintenance organization residing in the South Coast Air Basin of California from 1988 to 1995. After adjustment for day of week, study year, and smoothing splines for day of study, temperature, and relative humidity, CO and NO2 were both associated with admissions with the greatest effects for CO. A 1-ppm increase in 8-hr average CO was associated with a 3.60% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62-5.63%] increase in same-day IHD admissions in persons with a secondary diagnosis of CHF, a 2.99% (95% CI, 1.80-4.19%) increase in persons with a secondary diagnosis of ARR, and a 1.62% (95% CI, 0.65-2.59%) increase in IHD admissions in persons without either secondary diagnosis. Air pollution was most strongly associated with myocardial infarction hospital admissions. The vulnerability of the secondary CHF subgroup may be due to a greater prevalence of myocardial infarction primary diagnoses and not the modifying effect of CHF. This study suggests that people with IHD and accompanying CHF and/or ARR constitute a sensitive subgroup in relation to the effects of criteria ambient air pollutants associated with motor vehicle combustion.
Alcohol: an important cause of hypertension.
Authors: J B Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Alcohol: an important cause of hypertension Ten years ago who would have thought that one of the most important complications of drinking alcohol had still to be recognised?In 1977 Klatsky and colleagues from the Kaiser-Permanente Centre in San Francisco described an association between alcohol intake and blood pressure in some 84 000 people attending a health screening programme.'Three further papers that year supported the association,24 and Mathews suggested that alcohol might be responsible for almost a third of cases of so called essential hypertension.5I am not strictly accurate when I claim that this had not been described for Lian had noted in 1915 a higher prevalence of hypertension in heavy drinkers than in light drinkers or abstainers,' and there are passing references to alcohol and hypertension in the Framingham study7 and one report from India.8Yet the association did not impinge on medical consciousness, and standard textbooks on hypertension published up to the late 1970s omitted any reference to alcohol.By this time studies of alcohol dependent patients had shown that up to halfhad blood pressures ofover 140/90 mm Hg.9 Blood pressure returned to normal after detoxification in most and remained normal for as long as they stayed abstinent.'0In the past five years a flurry ofepidemiological, experimental, and laboratory studies has defined alcohol's contribution to hypertension and attempted to unravel the mechanisms.Cross sectional population studies include many demo- graphic and lifestyle variables that are known or potential risk factors for hypertension, and any inference that alcohol has a causal role can be made only when the effect of other variables has been controlled.In a geographically defined area of Western Australia a linear relation between daily alcohol intake and systolic (but not diastolic) blood pressure was confirmed and was independent of age, obesity, and cigarette smoking."A new analysis from the Kaiser- Permanente group has controlled for many confounding variables, including race, sex, age, cigarette smoking, use of coffee and tea, obesity, and several biochemical variables.'With all these taken into account in a multiple regression analysis, a progressive rise in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found with increasing daily alcohol consump- tion up to six to eight drinks daily among white subjects and in black men (but not women).The mean systolic pressure was 9-1 mm Hg higher in white men having six to eight
Will the NHS pay awards help recruitment?
Authors: S. Machin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Much has been made of the plight of NHS employees, ranging from observations on falling pay relative to other sectors, low morale, and severe recruitment and retention problems. The restructuring of the methods of pay setting, an ageing population, and a deteriorating public image of the NHS have all contributed to the problems the NHS has faced as an employer in recent years. Will the above inflation pay awards to health professionals, implemented this month, have eased these problems?

The pay review bodies have been central to the problem, as the last government in effect used them to facilitate the decentralisation of pay determination to local level. Some industrial relations experts have argued that this, together with the lack of extra government funding, has been key to the pay inequities and industrial relations …
Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for GATA2 deficiency
Authors: Jennifer Cuellar-Rodriguez, Juan Gea-Banacloche, Alexandra F. Freeman, Amy P. Hsu, Christa S. Zerbe, Katherine R. Calvo, Jennifer Wilder, Roger Kurlander, Kenneth N. Olivier, Steven M. Holland, Dennis D. Hickstein
Journal: Blood (2011)
Randomized Trial Comparing Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion and Conventional Insulin Therapy in Type II Diabetic Patients Poorly Controlled With Sulfonylureas
Authors: Adrian M Jennings, Kathryn S Lewis, Susan Murdoch, John F Talbot, Clare Bradley, John D Ward
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To compare the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and conventional insulin therapy (CIT) in patients with poorly controlled sulfonylurea-treated diabetes mellitus. Resarch Design and Methods Twenty-five patients aged 40–65 yr and poorly controlled with sulfonylureas and without severe diabetic complications comprised the study group. Five patients left the study (3 achieved satisfactory glycemic control without insulin, 1 defaulted, 1 developed ketonuria). Ten patients were treated with CSII and 10 with CIT. Outpatient treatment consisted of CIT (twice-daily injections of regular and NPH insulin) or CSII (basal infusion and prandial boluses of regular insulin). Results Glycosylated hemoglobin improved with both methods of insulin delivery (P &amp;lt; 0.01), but 8 of 10 CSII-treated patients achieved satisfactory glycemic control (HbA1 &amp;lt; 50 mmol hydroxymethylfurfural/mol Hb), whereas only 3 of 10 CIT-treated patients achieved this (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Weight gain, insulin dosage, and prevalence of hypoglycemia were similar in the two groups. Retinal deterioration occurred in one CSII-treated patient and three CIT-treated patients, but there were no episodes of infusion site infection or metabolic decompensation. Patients' satisfaction with treatment improved during insulin therapy (P &amp;lt; 0.02), and significant changes in beliefs about diabetes and its treatment were observed in CSII-treated patients (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Concusions Glycemic control improved with both methods of insulin treated patients achieved satisfactory glycemic control (HbA1 &amp;lt; 50 mmol hydroxymethylfurfural?mol Hb), whereas only 3 of 10 CIT-treated patients achieved this CSII. Patients' satisfaction with treatment improved during insulin therapy.
Impaired in Vitro Cell-Mediated Immunity to Rubella Virus during Pregnancy
Authors: Y. H. Thong, Russell W. Steele, Monroe M. Vincent, Sally A. Hensen, Joseph A. Bellanti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

A significant depression in cell-mediated immunity, measured by phytohemagglutinin and mixed-lymphocyte-culture responsiveness was observed in 11 pregnant women. Specific cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus, measured by a 51Cr-release microassay, was also found to be diminished during pregnancy. The mean (± S.D.) specific immune release for 13 seropositive subjects during pregnancy was 4.3 ± 5.9 per cent as compared to a mean of 19.9 ± 0.9 per cent in 14 seropositive nonpregnant women. This impairment in specific cell-mediated immunity to rubella virus was shown to be transient because there was subsequent increase in immunity in each of four subjects studied post partum. Thus, these changes in cell-mediated immunity during pregnancy may contribute to the known increased severity of viral infections in the gravid state. (N Engl J Med 289:604–606, 1973)