tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Frank C. Winter
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The incidence of blindness due to diabetic retinopathy has increased from less than 1 % in 1930 to more than 15% in 1960. A similar increase has occurred in the incidence of other forms of diabetic degenerative vascular disease. Clinical statistics have demonstrated that the incidence of retinopathy is directly related to the duration of the disease and that the onset of retinopathy can be delayed and its severity limited by careful diabetic control. Despite a major research effort the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is not clear and there is no specific treatment. Early case finding and strict control are the only methods now available for the prevention and modification of the degenerative vascular complications of diabetes.
Treatment of Paget's Disease — Taming the Wild Osteoclast
Authors: L.J. Deftos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Fifty years of steady clinical progress and five years of accelerated basic research in understanding the cellular and molecular biology of the osteoclast have led to the development of two drugs for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone, as reported in this issue of the Journal by Reid and colleagues (pages 898–908) and Cundy and colleagues (pages 918–923). In Paget's disease, as in many other skeletal disorders, the osteoclast is the cellular villain; it literally chews up and spits out the skeleton (see diagram). In the normal adult skeleton, this large, multinucleated cell helps to maintain skeletal homeostasis by . . .
miR-194 is a marker of hepatic epithelial cells and suppresses metastasis of liver cancer cells in mice
Authors: Zhipeng Meng, Xianghui Fu, Xiaosong Chen, Samuel Zeng, Yan Tian, Richard Jove, Rongzhen Xu, Wendong Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by interacting with the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of multiple mRNAs. Recent studies have linked miRNAs to the development of cancer metastasis. In this study, we show that miR-194 is specifically expressed in the human gastrointestinal tract and kidney. Moreover, miR-194 is highly expressed in hepatic epithelial cells, but not in Kupffer cells or hepatic stellate cells, two types of mesenchymal cells in the liver. miR-194 expression was decreased in hepatocytes cultured in vitro, which had undergone a dedifferentiation process. Furthermore, expression of miR-194 was low in liver mesenchymal-like cancer cell lines. The overexpression of miR-194 in liver mesenchymal-like cancer cells reduced the expression of the mesenchymal cell marker N-cadherin and suppressed invasion and migration of the mesenchymal-like cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrated that miR-194 targeted the 3′-UTRs of several genes that were involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer metastasis. Conclusion: These results support a role of miR-194, which is specifically expressed in liver parenchymal cells, in preventing liver cancer cell metastasis. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;.)
The Immunofluorescent Skin Test in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: John S. Percy
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Frozen sections of punch biopsies from the clinically normal skin of 150 patients were stained with a fluorescein-conjugated antiserum active against human immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, transferrin, and fibrinogen. Fixation of antiserum to the dermal-epidermal junction was demonstrated in 45 of 50 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 9 of 100 control patients. On the basis of these results, we conclude that immunofluorescent staining of the clinically normal skin is a useful diagnostic test for SLE.
Carcinoma of the breast. Stage II--radiation range. Wedge resection and irradiation. An effective treatment in early breast cancer
Authors: M. V. Peters
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Concern for the patients' morale as well as their physical well-being has prompted me to present a preliminary report on our experience in local excision and radiation therapy for early breast cancer at the Ontario Institute, Toronto. Many authors such as Porritt,<sup>1</sup>Smithers,<sup>2</sup>Mustakallio,<sup>3</sup>and de Winter<sup>4</sup>have emphasized a similar concern, and all have been impressed by the excellent survival rates following wide excision and irradiation for early carcinoma of the breast. Actually, if the five-year survival rate is employed as the parameter, no superior method of treatment has so far been demonstrated in stages I and II breast cancer. This conclusion has been amply supported by the prospective clinical trials comparing methods of treatment which have been reported by Kaae and Johansen<sup>5</sup>as well as Paterson and Russell.<sup>6</sup>Also, biometricians such as Park and Lees,<sup>7</sup>McKinnon,<sup>8</sup>and Shimkin<sup>9</sup>have
Integration of a Notch-dependent mesenchymal gene program and Bmp2-driven cell invasiveness regulates murine cardiac valve formation
Authors: Luis Luna-Zurita, Belén Prados, Joaquim Grego-Bessa, Guillermo Luxán, Gonzalo del Monte, Alberto Benguría, Ralf H. Adams, José María Pérez-Pomares, José Luis de la Pompa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Cardiac valve formation is crucial for embryonic and adult heart function. Valve malformations constitute the most common congenital cardiac defect, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating valve formation and homeostasis. Here, we show that endocardial Notch1 and myocardial Bmp2 signal integration establish a valve-forming field between 2 chamber developmental domains. Patterning occurs through the activation of endocardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) exclusively in prospective valve territories. Mice with constitutive endocardial Notch1 activity ectopically express Hey1 and Heyl. They also display an activated mesenchymal gene program in ventricles and a partial (noninvasive) EMT in vitro that becomes invasive upon BMP2 treatment. Snail1, TGF-β2, or Notch1 inhibition reduces BMP2-induced ventricular transformation and invasion, whereas BMP2 treatment inhibits endothelial Gsk3β, stabilizing Snail1 and promoting invasiveness. Integration of Notch and Bmp2 signals is consistent with Notch1 signaling being attenuated after myocardial Bmp2 deletion. Notch1 activation in myocardium extends Hey1 expression to nonchamber myocardium, represses Bmp2, and impairs EMT. In contrast, Notch deletion abrogates endocardial Hey gene transcription and extends Bmp2 expression to the ventricular endocardium. This embryonic Notch1-Bmp2-Snail1 relationship may be relevant in adult valve disease, in which decreased NOTCH signaling causes valve mesenchyme cell formation, fibrosis, and calcification.
Stockpiling of Ovarian Follicles and the Response to Rosiglitazone
Authors: Tom Brooks Vaughan, David S.H. Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

A 46-year-old woman of Euroasian descent had been treated for 2 years with 500 mg metformin twice daily for polycystic ovarian disease (PCO). While menarche occurred at age 12 years, she had no more than two to three menstrual periods per year except on two occasions in her 20s when, following a 9- to 10-kg weight loss, she achieved regular menstrual periods, became pregnant, and delivered two healthy infants with no complications.

While being treated with metformin, …
INFLUENCE OF VIEWING AND IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS ON DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY, IMAGE QUALITY, AND READER CONFIDENCE AT MYOCARDIAL STRESS COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PERFUSION
Authors: Brian B. Ghoshhajra, Tust Techasith, Nicola Drzezga, Ian S. Rogers, Hector Medina-Zuluaga, Ron Blankstein, Pal Maurovich-Horvat, Leif C. Engel, Thomas J. Brady, Ricardo C. Cury
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abnormal coronary vascular response to exercise in dogs with severe right ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: P A Murray, S F Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Measurements of right coronary artery blood flow, aortic and right ventricular (RV) pressures and heart rate were radiotelemetered during strenuous, spontaneous exercise in normal dogs and dogs with severe RV hypertrophy induced by chronic (5-6 mo) pulmonary artery stenosis. With fixed pulmonic stenosis, dogs with RV hypertrophy exhibited a decrease (P less than 0.01) in arterial pressure during exercise. Under these conditions, exercise increased right coronary artery blood flow and decreased right coronary vascular resistance less (P less than 0.05) in dogs with RV hypertrophy compared with normal. This attenuated response of right coronary artery blood flow of dogs with RV hypertrophy was not observed when arterial pressures remained at preexercise values during exercise. However, regardless of changes in arterial pressures during exercise, all dogs with RV hypertrophy demonstrated a striking postexercise coronary hyperemia (P less than 0.01), suggesting a perfusion deficit of the hypertrophied right ventricle during exercise. These results imply a fundamental defect in the ability of the coronary circulation of the severely hypertrophied right ventricle to provide sufficient nutrient supply in the face of elevated metabolic demands of exercise.
Beta-Lipoprotein and Cholesterol Concentrations in Sera of Nigerians
Authors: G. V. Mann, B. M. Nicol, F. J. Stare
Journal: BMJ (1955)

BRrr=It is suggested that factors other than child-bearing play an important part in promoting the we:ght differerce between married and single women.We are greatly indebted to Messrs. Cadbury Brothers Ltd. and the General Electric
The extent of sigmoidoscopy shown on radiographs with special reference to the rectosigmoid junction.
Authors: M R Madigan, J M Halls
Journal: Gut (1968)

The purpose of this investigation is to show what parts of the rectum and pelvic colon are seen on sigmoidoscopy, the reason for the occasional inability to pass the instrument to its full length, and the areas where special care is necessary in looking for lesions.
Detection of abnormality of fetal urinary tract as a predictor of renal tract disease.
Authors: D Smith, J A Egginton, D S Brookfield
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Over three years all infants in this hospital found to have an abnormality of the urinary tract on antenatal scanning were followed up after delivery with contrast radiography. Disease of the renal tract was confirmed in 17 of 20 infants. Of the 15 survivors, 12 underwent surgery in the first year of life. Abnormality of the fetal urinary tract detected by ultrasound scanning seems to be an important indicator of disease of the renal tract. Before its use is extended, however, further assessment of the benefit of antenatal diagnosis and of the best time to scan is required.
Abstract 4104: TRAIL-induced p38 activation is regulated by MEKK4 with positive feedback manner
Authors: Bo K. Sun, Joo-Hang Kim, Seeun Oh, So Y. Kim, Hye J. Choi, Yong J. Lee, Jae J. Song
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Previously, we demonstrated that TRAIL-induced p38 activation was responsible for the increases of Akt catalytic and invasive activity. Interestingly, TRAIL induced dramatically Akt catalytic activation in TRAIL-sensitive cells, whereas TRAIL did not induce Akt catalytic activation in TRAIL-resistant cells, suggesting Akt catalytic activation during TRAIL-induced apoptosis is likely to be a compensatory mechanism of cells. Here, we further provide that MEKK4 is the upstream molecule of TRAIL-induced p38 activation, and its catalytic activity is repressed by caspase-8 inhibitor. This result suggests that the caspase-8 activation induced by TRAIL is indispensible for MEKK4 activation. The CIN85, an adaptor molecule with three SH3 domains also interacted with MEKK4 and dissociated from MEKK4 in the presence of p38 inhibitor, providing the possibility that p38 induced the recruitment of CIN85 to MEKK4 for its activation by positive feedback manner. For the examination of p38 with CIN85, in vitro kinase assay, site-directed mutagenesis, and siRNA technique were used whether CIN85 was phosphorylated by p38, and the exact site of phosphorylation, and for the study of biological significance of CIN85 during TRAIL-induced p38 activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4104. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4104
USE AND ABUSE OF POTASSIUM IODID IN OPHTHALMIC PRACTICE.
Authors: ALBERT RUFUS BAKER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Iodid of potash was first used medicinally by veterinary surgeons for the removal of splints from horses. Its efficacy in removing these osseous growths suggested its use for the removal of tumors and exudates from man. Its value in the cure of many tertiary syphilitic lesions soon became apparent, and it is slowly but surely forcing the medical profession to acknowledge that its use is not restricted to syphilitic diseases. Many years ago I became convinced of its value in the removal of goiter. I recall a case many years since that forcibly impressed on my mind the efficacy of iodid of potash in cases other than syphilitic ones. I was in attendance on a little girl with pneumonia, but resolution failed to become established. The lung remained solid several weeks. The child was slowly but surely dying. The father, a physician, as well as myself felt helpless, and we
Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion in a rodent hypothalamic neuronal cell line.
Authors: S A Beak, M M Heath, C J Small, D G Morgan, M A Ghatei, A D Taylor, J C Buckingham, S R Bloom, D M Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

To examine the influence of the putative satiety factor (GLP-1) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, we used GT1-7 cells as a model of neuronal luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone (LHRH) release. GLP-1 caused a concentration-dependent increase in LHRH release from GT1-7 cells. Specific, saturable GLP-1 binding sites were demonstrated on these cells. The binding of [125I]GLP-1 was time-dependent and consistent with a single binding site (Kd = 0.07+/-0.016 nM; binding capacity = 160+/-11 fmol/mg protein). The specific GLP-1 receptor agonists, exendin-3 and exendin-4, also showed high affinity (Ki = 0.3+/-0.05 and 0.32+/-0.06 nM, respectively) as did the antagonist exendin-(9-39) (Ki = 0.98+/-0.24 nM). At concentrations that increased LHRH release, GLP-1 (0.5-10 nM) also caused an increase in intracellular cAMP in GT1-7 cells (10 nM GLP-1: 7.66+/-0.4 vs. control: 0.23+/-0.02 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.001). Intracerebroventricular injection of GLP-1 at a single concentration (10 microg) produced a prompt increase in the plasma luteinizing hormone concentration in male rats (GLP-1: 1.09+/-0.11 vs. saline: 0.69+/-0.06 ng/ml; P < 0.005). GLP-1 levels in the hypothalami of 48-h-fasted male rats showed a decrease, indicating a possible association of the satiety factor with the low luteinizing hormone levels in animals with a negative energy balance.
Incidence and Clinical Significance of Multiple Consecutive, Appropriate, High-Energy Discharges in Patients With Implanted Cardioverter-Defibrillators
Authors: Julián Villacastı́n, Jesús Almendral, Angel Arenal, José Albertos, José Ormaetxe, Rafael Peinado, Héctor Bueno, Jose L. Merino, Agustı́n Pastor, Olga Medina, Luis Tercedor, Francisco Jiménez, Juan Luis Delcán
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Some patients with an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) suffer multiple appropriate, consecutive, high-energy discharges (MCDs) during follow-up. Such events might represent resistant ventricular arrhythmias and might have prognostic significance.Eighty consecutive patients with an ICD were followed up for up to 82 months (mean, 21 +/- 19 months). Thirty-eight patients had survived an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and 42 had recurrent ventricular tachycardia. During follow-up, 16 patients had MCD (group A), 26 patients had episodes of single appropriate discharges (group B), and 38 patients had no appropriate discharges (group C). Group A patients had worse functional status (P = .001), lower left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) (P = .001), and lower survival rates (log rank, P = .003) than the remaining two groups of patients. Cox analysis showed LVEF (P = .001) to be an independent predictor of MCD. Independent predictors of death or heart transplant were MCD (P = .001), female sex (P = .001), age (P = .001), history of cardiac arrest (P = .003), and functional status (P = .003). The only independent predictor of total mortality was female sex (P = .002). Independent predictors of cardiac death were MCD (P = .007) and female sex (P = .018). Independent predictors of arrhythmic death were age (P = .001), female sex (P = .02), and MCD (P = .023).In patients with an ICD, the development of MCD is an independent predictor of cardiac and arrhythmic mortality. If this finding is confirmed in larger studies, it may help to identify patients in whom other therapeutic alternatives, ie, heart transplantation, should be considered during follow-up after ICD implantation.
Vanishing Spot on Dual-Time-Point FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yeh-You Shen, Chia-Hung Kao, Li-Hao Yeh, Yenn-Hwei Chou, Ji-An Liang, Te-Chun Hsieh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 58-year-old man asked for an FDG PET/CT scan for a survey to determine if any malignancy related to the recent history of increasing serum concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen. The scan initially revealed a focal pattern of intense FDG radioactivity in the ascending colon but dramatically lost its existence on the delayed images. Usually, the finding represented physiological intestinal activity and were not attributed to any pathologic condition. However, the subsequent colonoscopy showed diverticulitis in the corresponding site of the ascending colon. Possible causes of this scan finding and the clinical importance will be discussed.
Virologic and Serologic Studies in a Family Outbreak of Poliomyelitis
Authors: Wilmot F. Pierce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THIS is a report of virologic and serologic studies of a family experience with paralytic poliomyelitis that involved all 3 members, father, mother and daughter, and of serologic studies of an infant son born seven weeks after the onset of the disease in the mother.The 1st member of the family to become ill, the father, a 26-year-old officer in the Medical Corps, was admitted to this hospital on August 21, 1954. The 1st symptoms, headache, nausea, vomiting and general malaise, had begun 6 days previously. These persisted, and on admission the temperature was 103°F., the neck was somewhat stiff, . . .
Information Technology and Global Surveillance of Cases of 2009 H1N1 Influenza
Authors: John S. Brownstein, Clark C. Freifeld, Emily H. Chan, Mikaela Keller, Amy L. Sonricker, Sumiko R. Mekaru, David L. Buckeridge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Real-time forms of technology online are creating new ways to detect and track emerging disease threats, even weak signals from diverse areas.
OBSERVATION ON THE RESULTS OF ROENTGEN THERAPY IN CHRONIC TONSILLITIS
Authors: JAMES W. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Great interest in roentgen therapy has been aroused in recent years by remarkable results in many and various pathologic processes. The enthusiastic claims by some advocates of this method of treating chronic inflammation of lymphoid tissue, particularly the tonsils, has stimulated this summary of the results observed in a series of cases, so treated, occurring in the practice of Dr. C. G. Coakley and myself. The cases have been carefully observed clinically, and pathologic and bacteriologic studies have been made, chiefly at Columbia University, by Drs. W. C. Johnson, Hans Zinsser and J. H. Mueller, for whose help I am indebted.  So far as can be judged from published articles, the effects to be expected from roentgen therapy in chronic tonsillitis is a reduction in size, due to diminution of the lymphoid tissue, and an increase, relative if not actual, of connective tissue, resulting in an opening of the mouths
Denmark cancels "fat tax" and shelves "sugar tax" because of threat of job losses
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Denmark’s so called fat tax on foods high in saturated fats has been repealed by the Danish parliament only one year after being introduced.

The controversial tax, designed to improve the health of Danes by discouraging consumption of fatty foods, was opposed by farmers and food companies and was unpopular among consumers. Companies complained that the tax was a bureaucratic nightmare, increasing administrative costs and putting jobs at risk, and consumers in Denmark were making shopping trips to Germany and Sweden to avoid the tax.

The fat tax was levied on all foods containing more than …
A Switch from White to Brown Fat Increases Energy Expenditure in Cancer-Associated Cachexia
Authors: Michele Petruzzelli, Martina Schweiger, Renate Schreiber, Ramon Campos-Olivas, Maria Tsoli, John Allen, Michael Swarbrick, Stefan Rose-John, Mercedes Rincon, Graham Robertson, Rudolf Zechner, Erwin F. Wagner
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Coinfection With Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I and HIV in Brazil
Authors: Mauro Schechter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To study the effect of human T-cell lymph-tropic virus type I (HTLV-I) on markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression.A retrospective, nested case-control study.A university hospital outpatient HIV clinic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive adults participating in a prospective HIV cohort study.The HIV clinical stage, CD4+ lymphocyte counts, and other laboratory parameters in 27 individuals infected with HIV and HTLV-I (coinfection) and 99 age-matched, HIV-seropositive, HTLV-seronegative controls (single infection).Variables independently associated with coinfection included higher CD4+ lymphocyte count (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence limits [CL], 1.3, 4.1), higher CD4+ percentage (OR, 2.0; 95% CL, 1.3, 3.2), beta 2-microglobulin level of 254 nmol/L or more (OR, 6.8; 95% CL, 1.3, 35.4), World Health Organization stages 3 and 4 (OR, 4.4; 95% CL, 1.1, 18.0), and reporting a parenteral risk factor (OR, 7.4; 95% CL, 1.4, 38.9). When stratified by p24 antigenemia, coinfection was associated with an estimated 82% higher CD4+ lymphocyte count (P < .05).Coinfection was associated with higher CD4+ lymphocyte counts, more advanced clinical disease, and higher beta 2-microglobulin levels than HIV infection alone. The higher mean CD4+ lymphocyte count does not appear to offer immunologic benefit. Caution should be exercised when using CD4+ lymphocytes as a surrogate marker in studies of HIV infection in populations where HTLV-I is prevalent. Further studies are needed to address whether current CD4+ lymphocyte values for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis against opportunistic infections in HIV infection are appropriate in coinfection.