tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reactions to Fluorescein-Reply
Authors: Venkataraman Balu
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid terms have been variably used in the medical literature. Classic anaphylaxis is an immediate systemic reaction, IgE mediated and clinically occurring as cardiocirculatory collapse, urticaria, bronchospasm, and laryngospasm, usually leading to death unless treated promptly. Such an occurrence in various degrees of severity is not uncommon in the Allergy Clinic, where desensitization to various allergies are done. Similar anaphylaxis type of reactions, both fatal and nonfatal, have been reported after iodinated contrast material,<sup>1</sup>and the vast majority of those reported are so mild as to require no therapy (231:974, 1975). The basic hypothesis seems to be either IgE medicated antigen-antibody reactions, nonspecific histamine releasing mechanisms, or nonspecific complement activation resulting in mast cell degranulation and histamine release. This hypothesis has not been fully tested, and results have been inconclusive. There are many substances of different nature and biochemistry that have also been known to
Book: Forensic Sciences in Clinical Medicine: A Case Study Approach
Authors: K. Hollowood, D. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1999)

William R Anderson Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, £123.95, pp 272 ISBN 0397587775 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> Forensic pathologists have undoubted expertise in documenting and interpreting injuries. However, at least in the United Kingdom, their main audience is the legal profession in coroner's, civil, and criminal courts. Dr Anderson, an American forensic pathologist with over 20 years' experience, argues that their experience could be usefully applied to the audit of the clinical outcomes and the education of clinicians involved … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Osteopontin as a Mediator of NKT Cell Function in T Cell-Mediated Liver Diseases
Authors: Hongyan Diao, Shigeyuki Kon, Kazuya Iwabuchi, Chiemi Kimura, Junko Morimoto, Daisuke Ito, Tatsuya Segawa, Masahiro Maeda, Junji Hamuro, Toshinori Nakayama, Masaru Taniguchi, Hideo Yagita, Luc Van Kaer, Kazunori Onóe, David Denhardt, Susan Rittling, Toshimitsu Uede
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Prevention of Collagen Deposition Following Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity in the Rat by Cis-4-Hydroxy-l-Proline
Authors: David J. Riley, Richard A. Berg, Norman H. Edelman, Darwin J. Prockop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Exposure of rats to high oxygen tensions causes increased collagen content of lungs and alveolar enlargement in 3-6 wk. We tested whether cis-hydroxyproline, a proline analogue that inhibits collagen synthesis, could prevent the collagen accumulation and alveolar enlargement. Rats were exposed to hyperoxia for 60 h and then to room air and hyperoxia for alternate 24-h periods for 11.5 d. Treated oxygen-exposed rats received 200 mg/kg cis-hydroxyproline twice daily over the 14-d exposure period. Control rats breathed room air. Examination of lungs on day 14 showed collagen content of oxygen-exposed lungs to be 48% greater than control (P < 0.05). The collagen content of the treated oxygen-exposed lungs was -12% of control (NS). Total lung volume was 16% greater than control in oxygen-exposed rats (P < 0.05) and 8% greater than control in treated oxygen-exposed rats (NS). Morphometric studies showed alveolar size was greater than control in oxygen-exposed rats (188+/-11 [SE] vs. 143+/-6 mumul [P < 0.05]). Oxygen-exposed, treated rats had a mean alveolar volume of 150+/-7 mumul. Lung pressure-volume curves were significantly shifted to the left of control in the oxygen-exposed rats, whereas the curves of the oxygen-exposed, treated group were identical to control. These data suggest that cis-hydroxyproline prevented the accumulation of collagen in the lungs in pulmonary oxygen toxicity. In addition, there was apparent protection from airspace dilatation and decreased lung elasticity, suggesting that alveolar enlargement after oxygen toxicity is linked to the deposition in lung tissue of new connective tissue fibers.
Plasma-Exchange Therapy of Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Mary Etta E. King, Jan L. Breslow, Robert S. Lees
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

FAMILIAL hypercholesterolemia is a common, dominantly inherited disease characterized by increases in plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL), xanthomas, and premature atherosclerosis. Patients with the homozygous form may have plasma LDL concentrations five times normal and atherosclerotic disease in the first two decades of life.1 Treatment with diet, medication, or operation has met with discouraging results.2 3 4 5 6 Previous reports suggested that plasma exchange7 or plasmapheresis8 could successfully treat severe hypercholesterolemia. We have treated two children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with plasma-exchange therapy for over two years.Patient DataPatient 1 had xanthomas at three years of age. Both parents and one . . .
Adding procalcitonin-guided therapy to standard care did not reduce mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Henry S. Sacks
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Jensen JU, Hein L, Lundgren B, et al; The Procalcitonin And Survival Study (PASS) Group. Procalcitonin-guided interventions against infections to increase early appropriate antibiotics and improve survival in the intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Crit Care Med. 2011;39:2048-58. 21572328
DEPRESSION OF ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS OF EMBRYONIC TISSUE BY WESTERN STRAIN OF EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS. PREVENTION OF THIS EFFECT BY SPECIFIC IMMUNE SERUM
Authors: Joseph Victor, C. H. Huang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1944)

Studies were made on the effect of mixing the Western strain of equine encephalomyelitis virus (W.E.E.) and embryonic tissue on the rate of anaerobic glycolysis of the tissue. Whole chick embryo, chick embryo from which brain and spinal cord had been removed, and embryonic skeletal muscle were employed. 1. W.E.E. virus depressed the rate of anaerobic glycolysis of embryonic tissues within 2 days after its addition to the tissue. The decrease in anaerobic glycolysis varied from 17 to 82 per cent and was apparent 2 to 4 days after the addition of the virus. No significant effect of the virus was observed 4 hours and 6 days after mixing it with the tissue. 2. Anti-W.E.E. immune serum prevented the inhibiting action of W.E.E. virus on the anaerobic glycolysis of embryonic skeletal muscle.
Value of radiotherapy for tumour on the bronchial stump after resection for bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: M R Law, J M Henk, S C Lennox, M E Hodson
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Two groups have been selected from 1000 patients who had lobectomy or pneumonectomy for bronchial carcinoma. The first group was of 26 patients with tumour affecting the mucosa of the resected bronchial margin reported histologically at the time of surgery. Twelve of these were given postoperative radiotherapy but with no apparent benefit, either in the incidence of recurrence of tumour at the bronchial stump or in five-year survival. The second group was of 17 patients who developed recurrence of tumour at the bronchial stump, bronchoscopically confirmed, some time after surgery. In six of these cases the recurrence was detected while it was confined to the bronchial stump region, and these patients were then given radiotherapy. Five of the six survived five years after radiotherapy, with complete eradication of the tumour recurrence confirmed by repeat bronchoscopy. In 11 cases the tumour recurrence was not detected until it had become more extensive. Radiotherapy may also have prolonged survival in some of these patients, although none survived five years.
Can Adenosine 5′-Triphosphate Be Used to Select Treatment in Severe Vasovagal Syndrome?
Authors: Daniel Flammang, Timothy Church, Marc Waynberger, Annick Chassing, Mark Antiel
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Selection of treatment in vasovagal syndrome should be guided by the mechanism of symptoms. This study determined whether a simple drug test may assess one mechanism.To identify patients at risk of severe cardioinhibitory response of vagal origin, we infused 20 mg ATP into 316 patients hospitalized for recurrent syncope (n=195) or presyncope (n=121) of unknown origin and into normal subjects (n=51). We then assessed the ECG and clinical responses to the drug, recommended therapy, and followed up the subjects chronically. A cardiac pause > 10 seconds was seen in only 3 normal subjects (6%). Therefore, a pause < or = 10 seconds yielded the approximately 95th percentile of the normal range. ATP provoked a pause > 10 seconds in 130 symptomatic patients (41%) and a pause < or = 10 seconds in 186 symptomatic patients (59%). Thus, symptomatic patients with pauses > 10 seconds were proposed for pacemaker implantation; all other patients and normal subjects were simply monitored. Among long-pause patients with follow-up, the observed recurrence rate for the 104 with pacemakers was one-third that for the 21 who were only monitored (P<.0001). Among followed-up short-pause patients, the rate in the 153 monitored-only patients did not differ from the 20 implanted patients (P=.432).The vagal effect of ATP may identify the subgroup of patients at high risk of severe cardioinhibitory response of vagal origin who likely will benefit from pacemaker therapy. This fast, uncomplicated test should be considered for further use in screening patients with vasovagal syndrome.
HOW MAY OUR PRESENT METHODS OF MEDICAL ILLUSTRATION BE IMPROVED?
Authors: MAX BRÖDEL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In looking over our contemporary medical literature one can not help being impressed with the inadequate character of the majority of the illustrations. This applies to our text-books as well as to our periodicals. I do not refer merely to the artistic inefficiency of the cuts, which is very evident, but also to the scientific inefficiency. Our popular magazines and the novels of the day are usually very well illustrated, the pictures are artistic, correct and well printed. Why should the medical literature not keep pace with this progress? It is true that medical illustration requires highly specialized knowledge and skill, which is not acquired in the same manner in which the painter of still life, landscape or portraits acquires his, namely, through simple observation of objects with which he has been familiar from childhood up. The trouble is that the medical illustrator is not familiar with the objects he
Free radical scavenging activity of Eagle tea and their flavonoids
Authors: Qiong Meng, Zhengming Qian, Xiaoxiang Li, Deqiang Li, Weihua Huang, Jing Zhao, Shaoping Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

In this study, an online HPLC-DAD-MS coupled with 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay was employed for evaluating free radical scavenging activity of Eagle tea and their active components. Twenty-three chromatographic peaks were detected, and nineteen components had free radical scavenging activity. Among them, eight compounds were identified as flavonoids (hyperin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol), catechins, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin based on MS data and standard chromatographic characters.
Inhibition by dexamethasone of transforming growth factor ?1,-induced apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells: A possible association with Bcl-xL induction
Authors: Masahiro Yamamoto, Kazunori Fukuda, Naoko Miura, Rie Suzuki, Toshitaka Kido, Yasuhiro Komatsu
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The authors previously reported that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) induces apoptosis in McA-RH7777 (7777) and McA-RH8994 (8994) rat hepatoma cell lines. Although these cell lines exhibit different responses to glucocorticoid treatment in various cellular functions and gene expression, dexamethasone (DEX) inhibited spontaneous and TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis in both. Analysis of analogous hormones in TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis in 8994 cells suggested the inhibitory effect to be glucocorticoid-specific. By cell-cycle analysis and DNA fragmentation assay using sodium butyrate, a G1-arrest-inducing reagent, regulation of apoptosis by TGF-beta1 and DEX was shown independent of the cell cycle. For elucidation of the mechanisms of anti-apoptotic action of DEX, the effects of various chemical probes on this apoptosis model were examined, and various reagents known to exhibit anti-apoptotic activity in other experimental systems were found to be ineffective. The effect of TGF-beta1 and DEX on cellular amounts of several apoptosis-related proteins, members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS, Bad, and Bax was also examined. DEX drastically increased Bcl-xL in both cell lines irrespective of the presence of TGF-beta1. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xS proteins were not detected, and Bax and Bad content did not change by treatment with TGF-beta1 or DEX. Progesterone (Prog), a partial antagonist for glucocorticoid receptor, inhibited the effects of DEX on apoptosis and Bcl-xL expression in 8994 cells. Thus, Bcl-xL induction by DEX would appear closely associated with its inhibitory effect on spontaneous and TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis in the hepatoma cell lines.
Medical Legislation in Ohio.
Authors: W. R. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Troy, Ohio, February, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I desire to call the attention of the members of theAmerican Medical Associationin Ohio, to a medical bill now pending in the Legislature, known as the Mosgrove substitute bill. This bill provides for an examining and registry board composed of seven physicians as follows: "Representation shall be given to the different schools of practice in the State as nearly as possible in proportion to their<i>numerical strength in the State</i>, provided, however, that<i>no one school of practice shall have a majority of the whole board</i>." The last clause of the bill destroys the apparent fairness of the first one, inasmuch as there are now engaged in active practice in the State six regular physicians to one of all other schools combined. The composition of this board under the law would necessarily be four irregulars and three regulars, the one irregular
Reversible Acute Renal Failure Induced by Indomethacin
Authors: Siang Y. Tan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Acute renal failure occurred during indomethacin therapy in a patient with chronic pyelonephritis. Urinary prostaglandin E2 levels were diminished but returned to normal after discontinuation of drug therapy and recovery of renal function. Prostaglandins may be critical for the integrity of renal function, and the use of prostaglandin inhibitors such as indomethacin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be deleterious in patients with underlying renal disease.
The Serumtherapy for Syphilis.
Authors: Russell Burton-Opitz
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Breslau, April 8, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An interpellation was recently brought up in the German Parliament against Professor Neisser of Breslau, and against the manner in which he is experimenting with "antisyphilitic serum." This gentleman has again attracted the attention of the medical world; physicians, however, are divided in regard to the advisability of his aggressive type of research. Non-medical men, however, on the other hand, are irritated and criticise Dr. Neisser severely, hoping at the same time that just punishment will be the consequence of his great thirst for knowledge. To show the weakness of the layman's position, and to clear up to a large extent misunderstood facts, is the purpose of this discussion. The controversy began after the publication of Dr. Neisser's paper, entitled "Was wissen wir von einer Serumtherapie bei Syphilis and was haben wir davon zu hoffen?"<sup>1</sup>The author recapitulates all investigations, clinical and
TRACHEOTOMY IN DIPHTHERIA IN CONJUNCTION WITH ANTITOXIN.
Authors: E. VON QUAST
Journal: JAMA (1898)

absence of an erupting or impacted third molar) in many cases does not furnish cause for the existing condition of the fauces.The patient has not applied to a laryngologist but to a dental, or oral surgeon, and it is his opportunity to put the mouth in a healthy con- dition; I think it is his duty to have suitable instru- ments so as to make a proper diagnosis, and either give proper treatment or direct the patient where he can receive the same.The venous stasis of the pillars acts as a sentinel, the etiology of which, if not in the erupting molar, will be found either in the tonsil or post nares.The tonsil may have little or no inflam- matory action and the crypts may or may not be filled with a cheesy exudate, and still their sluggish condi- tion will produce foul smelling secretions, and ab- sorption by the lymphatics will follow.Also stenosis and chronic catarrhal conditions of the post nares will produce a dropping in the pharynx and keep the pil- lars bathed with a foul secretion which will taint the breath and produce, through absorption, an abnormal appearance of the pillars.Frequent attacks of coryza which do not receive treatment, and are allowed to "become chronic, produce the same result and thus be- come etiologic factors.The treatment consists in antiseptic gargles, of which borolyptol, either in full strength, or diluted, is one of the best; also an alkaline and antiseptic wash, as Do- bell's solution used as a gargle or spray for the throat, and spray for the nose.The tonsillar condition may b>e stimulated with nitrate of silver, grams 3.9 or 7.8 to aqua c.c. 30, or the electric cautery can be used to advantage.When the catarrhal conditions exist, any stenosis should be corrected, and the nares and fauces -cleaned night and morning with an alkaline spray.In addition to this, two or three times a week, the iodin solution, grams 0.13 to 0.65 of iodin to the 30 c.c. of water with iodin of potassium and glycerin, will be found advantageous.I have found great sat- isfaction in the treatment of this affection as the con- dition is always improved, if not entirely cured.
Cryptorchidism: a renewed plea.
Authors: P F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1979)

acceptable" must be rejected.Any method of delivery that increases perinatal morbidity is open to challenge, particularly when that method is directly responsible for a perinatal mortality rate of 35 per 1000.In their second paper Drs Chiswick and James ignore the role of the active management of labour in avoiding the type of complications leading up to Kielland's delivery.Several papers have been published which conclusively demonstrate that these problems are avoid- able.-'-5None of the correspondents appear to recognise the essential difference between intracranial haemorrhage due to trauma and that due to asphyxia.Tentorial tears, which cause subdural haemorrhage, have been shown to be 11 times more common when forceps have been applied, with or without intrapartum hypoxia,6 and virtually all cases of gross intracranial haemorrhage occurring during labour are due to trauma.In contrast, asphyxial intracranial haemorrhage in the mature infant is characteristically subarachnoid and petechial.Finally, in the broader context of the role of Kielland's forceps in modern obstetrics my experience convinces me that they have no place.This personal experience is based on exposure to about 12 000 deliveries where labour was actively managed and Kielland's forceps unavailable (at the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin).
X RAYS IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE PALM
Authors: H. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1913)

BLACEFRIARS.VERY soon after their discovery the therapeutic value of x rays in the treatment of skin diseases became manifest, and a proper knowledge of their powers has become increasingly necessary to the dermatologist.As is well known, they are extremely valuable in the treatment of rodent ulcer, lupus, mycosis fungoides, and other serious diseases of the skin, and in this country, at all events, the attention of the profession seems to have been concentrated on this aspect of their utility to the exclusion of the advantages they possess in dealing with such conditions as chronic eczema and psoriasis.There are very few references to this branch of the subject to be found in English; the earliest I have been able to find is a paper by Biddle.'Other earlier but Continental papers are by Albers-Schonberg2 and Hahn, who published a series of 35 cases with uniformly good results.Wetterer3 in 1908
P16.02 * ADC TEXTURE - AN IMAGING BIOMARKER FOR HIGH GRADE GLIOMA?
Authors: T. Asklund, R. Birgander, P. Brynolfsson, A. Garpebring, J. Hauksson, R. Henriksson, M. Karlsson, D. Nilsson, T. Nyholm, J. Trygg
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Median survival for high grade gliomas is limited, at least partly explained by intratumoral heterogeneity contributing to treatment resistance. Radiological evaluation of treatment response is in most cases limited to assessment of tumor size months after the initiation of therapy. Diffusion weighted MRI and its estimate apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC, has been widely investigated, as it reflects tumor cellularity and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of applying texture analysis in conjunction with multivariate ADC image for identifying early imaging biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 consecutive high-grade glioma patients aged ≥18 years after diagnostic biopsy or resection were treated with radiotherapy (2 Gy/60 Gy) with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide. MRI assessment three months after completion of radio-chemotherapy was used for classifying tumor progression or regression. A baseline exam was performed within one week before treatment start, day one, two weeks and six weeks into the treatment. ADC maps and T1 weighted anatomical images with and without contrast enhancement were collected, and (residual) tumor contrast enhancement was delineated. A gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis was performed on the ADC maps in a cuboid encapsulating the tumor in coronal, sagittal and transversal planes, giving a total of 66 textural descriptors for each tumor. Principal component analysis, PCA, was applied to reduce dimensionality of the data, and the five largest components, or scores, were used in subsequent analyses. RESULTS: The score scatter plots revealed that the first, fourth and fifth components combined exhibited a pattern that strongly correlated to survival. Two groups could easily be identified: One with a median survival after diagnosis of 908 days and one with 299 days, p = 0.0005. MRI three months after completion of radiotherapy, age, surgical procedure and tumor grade all harbored prognostic information, but not to the same extent. CONCLUSION: By combining PCA and texture analysis ADC texture characteristics are identified, that seems to host pretreatment prognostic information, independent of known prognostic factors such as age, stage and surgical procedure. Validation of these data in a larger patient cohort is ongoing at our department.
Detection of Medullary Thyroid Cancer With MIBG Imaging for Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Tom Douglas Newton, Titus Augustine, Parthiban Arumugam, Rayaz A. Malik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)/multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome was suspected in a patient having an metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan while she was being investigated for pheochromocytoma. After surgery, this was confirmed histologically. Although MIBG scanning cannot be used as a screening tool for MTC because of its poor sensitivity for detection of MTC, this case report highlights that one should always scrutinize the thyroid gland while interpreting MIBG scans.