tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Is Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification in African-American Subjects
Authors: Myriam Fornage, Eric Boerwinkle, Peter A. Doris, David Jacobs, Kiang Liu, Nathan D. Wong
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Modulation of endogenous epoxide levels by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the endothelium represents an important mechanism in the regulation of cardiovascular function. We examined the relationship between a common, functional polymorphism of the human sEH gene and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in young, largely asymptomatic African-American and non-Hispanic white subjects.Multiple logistic regression and Tobit regression models were used to assess the relationship between the sEH Arg287Gln polymorphism and presence and quantity of CAC. Models adjusting for race (except in race-specific analyses), age, sex, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were estimated. Allele and genotype frequency distributions were not significantly different between the 2 ethnic groups (P=0.22; P=0.17, respectively). The Arg287Gln polymorphism of the sEH gene was a significant predictor of CAC status in African-American participants, either alone or after adjusting for other risk factors. African-American subjects with at least 1 copy of the Gln287 allele had a 2-fold greater risk of having CAC compared with those not carrying this allele (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9; P=0.02). There was no relationship between Arg287Gln polymorphism and the probability of having CAC in white participants (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.3; P=0.49). Inferences from multivariable Tobit regression were similar to those obtained in the logistic regression models, indicating that the Arg287Gln polymorphism was a significant independent predictor of both presence and quantity of CAC in African-American but not white subjects.These data suggest an intriguing and possibly novel role for sEH in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which deserves additional investigation.
TCT-574 Drug-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer in patients with STEMI – short and long term outcomes: data from e-NOBORI and NOBORI 2 trials
Authors: Andres Iñiguez, Farzin FATH-ORDOUBADHI, Isabel Calvo Cebollero, Albrecht Elsässer, Iskandar Atmowihardjo, Jorge Gaspar, Maciej Lesiak, Kai OPPENLÄNDER, Nguyen Quang Ngoc, Ariel Roguin, Nicos Spyrou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Birth weight as a risk factor for raised blood pressure
Authors: D J P Barker, C Law, C Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Birth weight as a risk factor for raised blood pressure SIR, -Dr Daniel S Seidman and colleagues report that overweight in adolescence rather than low birth weight is the greater risk factor for raised blood pressure.'Previously, Barker et al had advocated nutritional supplementation for pregnant women to increase birth weight because they believed that this would reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.2'Dr Seidman and colleagues, echoing previous correspon- dence,4 suggest that this advice should be reconsidered.Barker et al were one of many groups
Prevalences of endoscopic and histological findings in subjects with and without dyspepsia.
Authors: R Johnsen, B Bernersen, B Straume, O H Forde, L Bostad, P G Burhol
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association between dyspeptic symptoms and endoscopic and histological diagnoses. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of people with dyspepsia and controls matched for age and sex identified by questionnaire survey of all inhabitants aged 20 to 69. Endoscopy and histological examination was performed with the examiner blind to whether or not the patient had dyspepsia. SETTING--Population based survey in Sørreisa, Norway. SUBJECTS--All people with dyspepsia and age and sex matched people without dyspepsia were offered endoscopy. A total of 309 people with dyspepsia and 310 without dyspepsia underwent endoscopy, giving 273 matched pairs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Prevalences of endoscopic and histological diagnoses made according to internationally accepted standards. RESULTS--In all, 1802 of 2027 (88.9%) people returned the questionnaire. Of the 163 subjects who refused endoscopy, 114 were controls. Of five endoscopic and four histological diagnoses only peptic ulcer disease, endoscopic duodenitis, and active chronic gastritis were diagnosed significantly more often in people with dyspepsia. In all, 30% to 50% of the diagnoses of mucosal inflammation and peptic ulcer disease were made among subjects without dyspepsia, and only 10% of both those with and those without dyspepsia had normal endoscopic findings. CONCLUSIONS--The diagnostic findings, with possible exceptions of peptic ulcer disease and endoscopic duodenitis, showed no association of clinical value with dyspeptic symptoms. The small number of "normal" endoscopic findings in both those with and those without dyspepsia challenge well accepted endoscopic and histological diagnostic criteria with relation to the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Determining the adenoma detection rate and adenomas per colonoscopy by photography alone: proof-of-concept study
Authors: Douglas Rex, Kyle Hardacker, Margaret MacPhail, Farrah Rahmani, Krishna Vemulapalli, Charles Kahi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas detected per colonoscopy (APC) are measures of the quality of mucosal inspection during colonoscopy. In a resect and discard policy, pathologic assessment for calculation of ADR and APC would not be available. The aim of this study was to determine whether ADR and APC calculation based on photography alone is adequate compared with the pathology-based gold standard.A prospective, observational, proof-of-concept study was performed in an academic endoscopy unit. High definition photographs of consecutive polyps were taken, and pathology was estimated by the colonoscopist. Among 121 consecutive patients aged ≥ 50 years who underwent colonoscopy, 268 polyps were removed from 97 patients. Photographs of consecutive polyps were reviewed by a second endoscopist.The resect and discard policy applied to lesions that were ≤ 5 mm in size. When only photographs of lesions that were ultimately proven to be adenomas were included, the reviewer assessed ADR and APC to be lower than that determined by pathology (absolute reductions of 6.6 % and 0.17, and relative reductions of 12.6 % and 13.1 % in ADR and APC, respectively). When all photographs were included for calculation of ADR and APC, the reviewer determined the ADR to be 3.3 % lower (absolute reduction) and the APC to be the same as the rates determined by pathology.In a simulated resect and discard strategy, a high-level detector can document adequate ADR and APC by photography alone.
FUNCTIONAL AND METABOLIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUCOCYTES
Authors: Zanvil A. Cohn, Stephen I. Morse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

The effects of a purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide endotoxin on homogenous populations of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes have been studied in vitro under defined conditions. Employing a 500-fold range of concentration (0.1 to 50.0 microg./ml.), it was shown that endotoxin enhanced the rate at which staphylococci were killed by leucocytes. The mechanism underlying the increased killing was found to be a direct stimulation of the phagocytic activity of the leucocyte and not mediated by the release of bactericidins or opsonins from the treated cells. In the presence of 10 per cent serum all concentrations of endotoxin enhanced phagocytosis, whereas at lower serum concentrations, the higher doses of lipopolysaccharide inhibited the phagocytic activity of the cells. Similar concentrations of endotoxin were capable of increasing the utilization of glucose and the production of lactic acid. Endotoxin treated leucocytes exhibited no change in oxygen consumption, and only a slight depression in glycogen synthesis. It appeared that endotoxin could interact and alter the functional and metabolic properties of leucocytes in the absence of serum. The demonstration of enhanced phagocytic activity of endotoxin-treated cells was dependent upon the particular opsonic requirements for the organism under study.
Nicotine replacement therapy should be prescribable on NHS
Authors: G. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Nicotine replacement therapy should be prescribable on NHSEditor-I welcome the publication of the open letter to the prime minister about tobacco-the most important preventable cause of death in Europe. 1 As Jo E Asvall points out in the letter, tobacco control demands the support of, and action by, the total government, not just the Department of Health.Among the actions Asvall calls for is that "support for smoking cessation is made widely available, particularly through primary health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists."Nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine gum, patches, nasal spray, and oral inhaler) is now fully established as an effective adjunct to such professional advice and support.Systematic review of many trials has shown a doubling of sustained smoking cessation when nicotine replacement therapy is compared with placebo. 2 The offer of nicotine patches to motivated subjects for a week in the first instance could be a useful policy. 3 But the recommendation of such therapy by health professionals and the use of such therapy by smokers are severely limited by NHS "blacklisting."I can prescribe on the NHS for alcohol problems and even obesity.I can also prescribe for tobacco addiction-but only products of unproved efficacy for this problem, such as tranquillisers and antidepressants, not one of proved effectiveness.Why not nicotine replacement therapy?So much for evidence based medicine.
Comparisons Between Survival of Grafted Skin, Ovaries, and Tumors in Mice Across Histocompatibility Barriers of Different Strength&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Owe E. A. Linder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1961)

Journal Article Comparisons Between Survival of Grafted Skin, Ovaries, and Tumors in Mice Across Histocompatibility Barriers of Different Strength Get access Owe E. A. Linder Owe E. A. Linder Institute for Tumor Biology, Karolinska Institutet Medical School, Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 27, Issue 2, August 1961, Pages 351–371, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/27.2.351 Published: 01 August 1961 Article history Received: 03 March 1961 Published: 01 August 1961
Effects of oral equiblocking doses of a cardioselective and noncardioselective -adrenergic blocking agent on left ventricular function in the normal conscious dog
Authors: M. M. LeWINTER, J. S. KARLINER, R. A. O'ROURKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

The effects of propranolol, a noncardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, and practolol, a cardioselective agent, on left ventricular function were compared in an awake dog model at an equiblocking dose range. Both agents produced modest depression of inotropic state at rest, and during volume and phenylephrine loading. No significant differences between the two agents were detected.
Antiarrhythmic agents may cause sudden death; drug testing urged
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Sudden death in patients treated for ventricular arrhythmias generally is attributed to either failure of antiarrhythmic therapy or progression of the underlying disease. Now study results suggest there is a third possible cause: iatrogenic sudden death due to the "proarrhythmogenic" effects of antiarrhythmic drugs. The study, reported in Miami at the American College of Cardiology meeting, was undertaken by four faculty members of the Harvard School of Public Health: Vladimir Velebit, MD, Philip Podrid, MD, Thomas Graboys, MD, and Bernard Lown, MD. They knew that often, in patients being treated with antiarrhythmic agents, refractory tachyarrhythmia develops that disappears on discontinuation of drug therapy. (Because of this, at many hospitals all medication is discontinued when such patients are admitted.) The research goals were to determine the incidence of worsening of arrhythmia that could be attributed to antiarrhythmic agents and determine the value of pretreatment testing. Because some spontaneous variation of arrhythmia
Survey of Workers Exposed to Dusts Containing Derivatives of Bacillus Subtilis
Authors: M. Greenberg, J. F. Milne, A. Watt
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In a survey of 121 workers exposed to dusts containing derivatives of Bacillus subtilis, mainly proteolytic enzymes, skin tests showed evidence of sentiztation was higher among "atopic" subjects-16 out of tization was higher among "atopic" subjects-16 out of 25 (64%)-than among "non-atopic" subjects-32 out of 96 (33%). Reduced ventilatory capacity was found in 44% of sensitized workers compared with 14% of those not sensitized.
Evolution of Clinically Negative Neck
Authors: Richard H. Jesse
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The question of whether to electively treat the neck which is clinically negative in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and faucial arch long has been debated among surgeons and radiotherapists. Some surgeons have found a high incidence of subclinical cancer in the cervical nodes of patients having elective neck dissection, and therefore suggest that radical neck dissection should be done routinely.<sup>5,6</sup>Berger and his co-workers<sup>7</sup>showed that cancer will rarely develop in the electively radiated neck of patients with oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cancer, if the tumor dose is 5,000 rads in five weeks or more. Radical neck dissection and radical radiation are not without their complications, and are warranted as an elective treatment only if it can be demonstrated that cervical metastases cannot be successfully managed if they subsequently develop. The policy at the University of Texas MD Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston,
Abstract 571: Prevention of breast cancer by delaying promotion and progression
Authors: Arunkumar Arumugam, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Jacqueline Parada, Trinath Das, Suman Suman, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A full term pregnancy early in life reduces the risk of breast cancer in women. A similar phenomenon is also observed in rats and mice. Short-term treatment with pregnancy levels of estradiol is also highly effective in preventing mammary carcinogenesis. In the current study our objective was to determine whether short-term treatment with pregnancy levels of estradiol conferred protection against mammary carcinogenesis by blocking initiation or promotion. Rats were injected with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea at 7 weeks of age and treated with 20 µg, 100 µg, 200 µg or 30 mg of estradiol in silastic capsules for 3-weeks. The experiments were terminated 9 months post carcinogen treatment. Mammary gland wholemounts were prepared at termination and examined for the presence of latent microscopic mammary cancers. Short-term treatment with pregnancy levels of estradiol drastically reduced the incidence of overt mammary cancers. 100 µg, 200 µg and 30 mg doses of estradiol resulted in levels of estradiol equivalent to pregnancy level and were effective in preventing overt mammary cancer incidence compared to control or 20 µg estradiol treatment which did not result in pregnancy levels of estradiol in the circulation. Although a significant reduction of overt cancers was observed in the pregnancy levels of estradiol treated groups, there was no difference in the incidence of microscopic mammary cancers between the estradiol treated and the controls. Proliferation of microscopic mammary cancers was examined using immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 expression. Proliferation in the microscopic mammary cancers of the protected groups was significantly lower (∼ 2-3 fold) than the microscopic mammary cancers in the unprotected groups. These findings clearly demonstrate that short-term treatment with pregnancy levels of estradiol confers protection against mammary cancer development by blocking promotion and progression of carcinogen initiated cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 571. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-571
P132 Defining Benchmarks For Clinical Outcomes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: AH Cohen, WZ Bradford, KF Glassock, F Weber
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Oobjectives</h3> Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, fatal, progressive, fibrotic lung disorder that results in reduced lung capacity and has a considerable deleterious effect on patient function. To date, there has been no consensus on the magnitude of treatment effect that constitutes a clinically meaningful response to IPF therapy. Since IPF shares a range of biological and prognostic features with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we conducted a systematic review of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of therapies for NSCLC to establish a benchmark for the treatment of IPF . <h3>Methods</h3> A literature search was performed to identify all randomised clinical trials between 1994–2010 evaluating therapies for NSCLC where a statistically significant effect of treatment on progression-free survival (PFS) or objective response rate (OR) was observed. The magnitude of the treatment effect in the NSCLC trials was compared to similar endpoints in three phase III clinical trials of pirfenidone in patients with IPF . In the NCSLC trials, PFS and OR were defined by standard conventions. In the IPF trials, PFS was defined as time to death or predefined thresholds for decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) or carbon monoxide diffusing capability. In the present analysis, objective response was defined according to predefined thresholds for change in FVC and the 6-minute walk test. Data were analysed according to the Cox proportional hazards model. <h3>Results</h3> Twelve NCSLC trials, including a total of 13,959 patients, were identified by the search and included in the analysis. Of these studies, nine (12,456 patients) reported a significant effect on PFS, and seven (4,258 patients) reported a significant effect on OR. In both cases, the analysis showed that the magnitude of the response to therapy in the NSCLC trials was consistent with the pre-specified pirfenidone efficacy thresholds in the IPF trials. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The clinical outcome parameters in therapeutic trials in NSCLC can be used to define benchmarks for assessing effect sizes in studies conducted in patients with IPF .
Detection, by three techniques, of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and determination of HBsAg and anti-HBs titres in patients with chronic liver disease.
Authors: M Chiaramonte, J Heathcote, M Crees, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1977)

The sensitivities of three technqiues used to detect serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were compared in 411 patients with various types of chronic liver disease. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis proved an unreliable test. Two haemagglutination technqiues were slightly less sensitive than radioimmunoassay but were more rapidly performed. Less sensitive techniques were particularly unreliable in active liver disease where HBsAg titres were low. HBsAg was detected in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, chronic active liver disease with or without cirrhosis, and primary liver cell carcinoma. Forty-six of the 68 (68%) HBsAg positive subjects were males coming from outside the United Kingdom. The HBsAg titres in 13 subjects with chronic persistent hepatitis were significantly higher (P less than 0-001) than those in 43 subjects with chronic active liver disease. Corticosteroid therapy did not alter the HBsAg titre significantly. None of the 28 HBsAg positive subjects studied serially for up to two years cleared HBsAg from the serum. Anti-HBs was examined by passive haemagglutination and found in 35 subjects, 26 of whom had no evidence of liver disease, 80% came from abroad. Anti-HBs was believed to be of epidemiological rather than of pathological importance.
Distribution, turnover, and mechanism of renal excretion of amylase in the baboon
Authors: William C. Duane, Roger Frerichs, Michael D. Levitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Pure amylase was isolated from pancreata and parotid glands of the baboon, an animal which has a serum amylase level and renal clearance of amylase (C(Am)) similar to man. After bolus injection, both pancreatic and salivary amylase rapidly disappeared from the serum in a monoexponential fashion with a mean serum half-time of approximately 83 min. Only about 24% of the amylase cleared from the serum appeared in the urine indicating that the majority of amylase was removed from the serum by an extraurinary mechanism. The C(Am) by the kidney was constant over a wide range of serum amylase levels and the ratio of C(Am)/C(In), which averaged 3.0%, was not influenced by mannitol diuresis. This suggests that the renal excretion of amylase results from glomerular filtration without appreciable tubular reabsorption. Pancreatic amylase was consistently cleared more rapidly by the kidney than was the baboon's endogenous amylase while salivary amylase was consistently cleared less rapidly than endogenous amylase. THE FINDINGS IN THIS STUDY PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO SEVERAL OF THE FOLLOWING CLINICALLY OBSERVED PHENOMENA: (a) the short serum half-time of amylase accounts for the transient nature of serum amylase elevations in pancreatitis; (b) the extra-urinary removal of amylase accounts for the maintenance of relatively normal amylase levels in uremia; and (c) the more rapid renal clearance of pancreatic amylase compared to salivary amylase may explain the disproportionate elevation of the urinary amylase excretion rate relative to the serum amylase level in acute pancreatitis.