tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shock and Steroids
Authors: Harry Sonnenschein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  I fear that Fine in hisLetter( 218 :741, 1971) has misunderstood the comments in my LETTER ( 217 :697, 1971). I advocated the use of large doses of hydrocortisone primarily because it reverses the disturbed physiological condition that exists in patients with endotoxin shock, including, as he so correctly points out, the restoration of normal permeability of the gut wall. Seven reasons are listed by Hodes 1 for using massive doses of hydrocortisone in shock. As an eighth reason, I suggested the possibility of the loss of hydrocortisone as a result of degradation by bacteria in vivo, probably within the circulatory system.  The thesis that all types of shock eventually become endotoxin shock if they persist long enough was first developed by Fine 2 several years ago. I was not referring, however, to the secondary type in which the shock is primarily traumatic or hypovolemic. In these cases,
NEOPLASMS OF THE COLON.REPORT OF SIXTEEN CASES.
Authors: A. F. JONAS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Neoplasms of the colon, when compared with abdominal growths in general, are not common, still they are of sufficient frequency that they can not be left out of consideration when the surgeon is confronted by tumors of moderate size in any region of the abdominal cavity. When we take into consideration the wide range of mobility possessed by the colon, we at once must recognize the fact that position or location can be no determining factor in the diagnosis. These growths may be fixed in a given locality, which may or may not be at the point of their origin and the normal locality of the organ bearing them. They may be very movable and occupy a position at a considerable distance from their initial stage by displacing the organ that harbors them. While these neoplasms are usually palpable, they may be concealed and can not be felt even after
Humidity and the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Leo Wade
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On p 897, vol 185 ofThe Journal(Sept 14, 1963), a reader asked regarding the effect of humidity on viruses in the upper respiratory tract. It seems to me that the point at issue is not so much the effect of humidity on viruses as the effect of humidity, or more precisely lack thereof, on the membranes of the respiratory tract of the host. These membranes soon lose their effectiveness as barriers to infection if normal tone, structure, and function are not maintained. One of the greatest threats to this normal maintenance is desiccation. Two measures are useful in efforts to maintain normal function of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract: (1) daily walks or other activities in the out of doors regardless of weather but with proper protective clothing, and (2) heroic efforts to maintain a reasonable level of humidity in our homes
Drug points: Erythema multiforme-like reaction to oxazepam
Authors: C. McAlpine
Journal: BMJ (1986)

<h3>Background:</h3> Prospective cohorts have the potential to support multifactorial, health-related research, particularly if they are drawn from the general population, incorporate active and passive follow-up and permission is obtained to allow access by researchers to data repositories. This paper describes Phase I of the Alberta9s Tomorrow Project cohort, a broad-based research platform designed to support investigations into factors that influence cancer and chronic disease risk. <h3>Methods:</h3> Adults aged 35-69 years living in Alberta, Canada, with no previous cancer diagnosis other than nonmelanoma skin cancer were recruited to the project by telephone-based random digit dialling. Participants were enrolled if they returned a Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire. Past year diet and physical activity questionnaires were mailed 3 months after enrolment. Consent was sought for active follow-up and linkage with administrative databases. Depending on enrolment date, participants were invited to complete up to 2 follow-up questionnaires (2004 and 2008). <h3>Results:</h3> Between 2001 and 2009, 31 072 (39% men) participants (mean age 50.2 [± 9.2] yr) were enrolled and 99% consented to linkage with administrative databases. Participants reported a wide range of educational attainment and household income. Compared with provincial surveillance data from the Canadian Community Health Survey, Alberta9s Tomorrow Project participants had higher body mass index, lower prevalence of smoking and similar distribution of chronic health conditions. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 83% and 72% of participants in 2004 and 2008, respectively. Robust quality control measures resulted in low frequencies of missing data. <h3>Interpretation:</h3> Alberta9s Tomorrow Project provides a robust platform, based on a prospective cohort design, to support research into risk factors for cancer and chronic disease.
Two weeks of daily injections and continuous infusion of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) in GH-deficient adults: 1. effects on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), GH and IGF binding proteins, and glucose homeostasis
Authors: Jan-Ove Johansson, Jan Oscarsson, Ragnar Bjarnason, Bengt-Åke Bengtsson
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates in the Immunosuppressed Host
Authors: DIANE E. STOVER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The usefulness of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in the immunosuppressed patient was studied in 97 patients. In immunosuppressed patients, the available diagnostic procedures are often invasive and have variable yield and a potential for serious complications. Bronchoalveolar lavage had an overall diagnostic yield of 66% (61 of 92 diseases). It was most effective in the diagnosis of opportunistic infections, including infection with Pneumocystis carinii (18 of 22 cases), cytomegalovirus pneumonia (10 of 12 cases), fungal pneumonia (5 of 6 cases), and mycobacterial disease (4 of 5 cases). The technique was also helpful in suspected pulmonary hemorrhage (7 of 9 cases) but was less useful for diagnosing malignancy (10 of 22 cases) and drug-induced toxicity (6 of 15 cases). Findings of bronchoalveolar lavage could be combined with those of transbronchial biopsies, brushings, and washings in the diagnosis of most of the diseases. The procedure was safe, even in thrombocytopenic patients and those requiring mechanical ventilatory support. Bronchoalveolar lavage is a valuable procedure for evaluation of pulmonary disease in the immunosuppressed host.
Suicidal Tendencies and Body Image and Experience in Anorexia nervosa and Suicidal Female Adolescent Inpatients
Authors: Daniel Stein, Israel Orbach, Mirit Shani-Sela, Dov Har-Even, Amit Yaruslasky, Dina Roth, Sorin Meged, Alan Apter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body image and suicidal tendencies in anorexia nervosa (AN).Three groups of hospitalized female adolescents--nonsuicidal AN, suicidal psychiatric and nonsuicidal psychiatric patients, as well as a community control group with no psychiatric disturbances were compared with regard to suicidal tendencies (in the form of attitudes to life and death), body image and experience, depression and anxiety.The AN and suicidal patients showed less attraction to but more repulsion by life, and more attraction to and less repulsion by death compared with the other two groups. The AN and suicidal patients were also different from either one or both control groups in showing more negative attitudes and feelings towards their bodies, lower sensitivity to body clues, less body control, and elevated depression and anxiety. These between-group differences in suicidal tendencies were retained after controlling for age, body mass index, the different body image dimensions, anxiety and depression.Our findings suggest that female AN inpatients with no evidence of overt suicidal behavior demonstrate elevated suicidal tendencies that are similar to those of suicidal psychiatric inpatients. These self-destructive tendencies are highly associated with a pervasive sense of disturbance of body image and experience.
Sexual Happiness: A Practical Approach
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In the introduction to<i>Sexual Happiness</i>, authors Maurice Yaffé and Elizabeth Fenwick quite correctly query their readers, "Why yet another book about sex?" (p 7). Addressing the "nagging difficulties" about sexual behavior rather than the more severe pathologies in which a "self-help book" can be of only limited value, the authors have tackled and accomplished a worthwhile and difficult task.<i>Sexual Happiness</i>seems to be primarily directed toward the intelligent lay reader who possibly has a problem, shares a problem with a partner, or is just someone with or without professional license who wishes further enlightenment about a significant life arena. With this goal in mind, the authors have divided the book into logical compartments, one section relating to women and one section to men. It is further subdivided into more or less identical subunits, respecting quite properly the inherent differences of the sexes and their concomitant concerns. The book
Tensile properties of rat anterior cruciate ligament in collagen induced arthritis
Authors: K Nawata, M Enokida, D Yamasaki, T Minamizaki, H Hagino, Y Morio, R Teshima
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

To investigate the effects of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) on the tensile properties of rat anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).The tensile strength, bone mineral density (BMD), and histology of ACL units from rats with CIA were investigated.The tensile strength of the ACL unit was significantly lower in the rats with CIA at 10 weeks after immunisation (ultimate failure load, 74.9% of the control; stiffness, 62.0% of the control). The major mode of failure was femoral avulsion, and the BMD was significantly lower in the rats with CIA. A histological examination of the ligament insertion in rats with CIA showed resorption of the cortical bone beneath the ACL insertion and an enlarged mineralised fibrocartilage zone.These findings indicate that the decrease in tensile strength of ACL units correlated with histological changes in the ligament-bone attachment, such as bone resorption beneath the ligament insertion site and an enlargement of the mineralised fibrocartilage zone.
Interpretation of Complex Arrhythmias
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The current generation of physicians is fortunate that Drs Alfred Pick and Richard Langendorf have published in book form their intellectual and pragmatic approach to the interpretation of complex arrhythmias. Rarely does one book contain such encyclopedic information in a well-organized format with comprehensive yet up-to-date references. This book is authored exclusively by these two pioneer cardiologists, and the outcome is a cohesive product that can be read, studied, digested, and reread with ever-increasing pleasure and education. In brief, it is a 586-page postgraduate course in complex arrhythmias, in which the reader is enlightened during the analysis of each of the 318 figures in the text. This book is not for the novice or the beginner but, rather, for the accomplished physician who already demonstrates a high degree of skill in the day-to-day interpretation of routine and complex cardiac arrhythmias. On reading this book, such a physician will quickly realize
Transitional Object and Children with Chronic Disease
Authors: Ritva Erkolahti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

The prevalence of the transitional object among children with rheumatic disease and diabetes mellitus is examined in this comparative study with highly matched groups. There is no evidence which could indicate the lack of transitional objects among these children. In the rheumatic group the transitional object was more common than in the other groups and the children used it later than others. The soothing function of transitional object is discussed.
Tumor Microenvironment Complexity: Emerging Roles in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Melody A. Swartz, Noriho Iida, Edward W. Roberts, Sabina Sangaletti, Melissa H. Wong, Fiona E. Yull, Lisa M. Coussens, Yves A. DeClerck
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of cells, soluble factors, signaling molecules, extracellular matrix, and mechanical cues that can promote neoplastic transformation, support tumor growth and invasion, protect the tumor from host immunity, foster therapeutic resistance, and provide niches for dormant metastases to thrive. An American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) special conference held on November 3-6, 2011, addressed five emerging concepts in our understanding of the TME: its dynamic evolution, how it is educated by tumor cells, pathways of communication between stromal and tumor cells, immunomodulatory roles of the lymphatic system, and contribution of the intestinal microbiota. These discussions raised critical questions on how to include the analysis of the TME in personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract 759: Alterations in Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Abundance following Induction of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm in a Murine Model
Authors: Jeffrey A Jones, Shenikqua Bouges, Juozas A Zavadzkas, Theresa A Brinsa, Robert E Stroud, Francis G Spinale, John S Ikonomidis
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Salmonella Gut Invasion Involves TTSS-2-Dependent Epithelial Traversal, Basolateral Exit, and Uptake by Epithelium-Sampling Lamina Propria Phagocytes
Authors: Andreas J. Müller, Patrick Kaiser, Kurt E.J. Dittmar, Thomas C. Weber, Sabine Haueter, Kathrin Endt, Pascal Songhet, Christa Zellweger, Marcus Kremer, Hans-Jörg Fehling, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Abstract 3214: C-strand fill-in at human telomeres requires lagging strand synthesis machinery and is essential for maintaining functional telomeres
Authors: Weihang Chai, Chenhui Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Telomeric single-stranded G-overhangs are required for protecting chromosome ends and for telomerase elongation of telomeres. However, the molecular mechanism for G-overhang generation at human telomeres is unclear. We report here that G-overhangs undergo cell cycle-regulated dynamic changes independent of telomerase activity. G-overhangs are lengthened during S phase due to extensive C-strand resection, and shortened at G2 phase as a result of C-strand fill-in. This delayed C-strand fill-in is mediated by lagging-strand polymerases and regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1. Inhibiting C-strand fill-in induces telomere DNA damage response and a G2 arrest, suggesting a critical role of proper G-overhang generation in maintaining genome stability. In addition, the last nucleotide at C-strand remains precisely defined throughout the cell cycle. Our results indicate that both C-strand resection and fill-in are strictly regulated during the cell cycle to ensure proper G-overhang generation, and unveil an essential role of C-stand fill-in in maintaining functional telomeres. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3214.
Cancer Prevention in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Susan Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Public interest in health maintenance and particularly in cancer prevention is at an unprecedented high level. Media reports concerning carcinogenic substances, anticarcinogenic agents, and dietary modifications appear with increasing frequency. Entrepreneurial and pseudoscientific sources compete with responsible authorities for public attention on issues related to cancer prevention. Fortunately, Dr Newell and his colleagues have come to the rescue of beleaguered physicians and their patients by providing a comprehensive, highly readable, up-to-date text covering cancer epidemiology, risk factors, tumor registries, screening, nutritional counseling, cancer education, and behavior modification.<i>Cancer Prevention in Clinical Medicine</i>clearly and succinctly explains what we know about carcinogenesis, where that knowledge comes from, and what actions can be taken now that will lead to a decrease in cancer incidence in the future. Perhaps the most important aspect of this book is its provision of hard data on questions that are all too often discussed with more emotion
IgE‐mediated allergy to <i>Lepidoglyphus destructor</i> in an urban population – an epidemiologic study
Authors: D Gislason, T Gislason
Journal: Allergy (1999)

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of IgE-mediated allergy to Lepidoglyphus destructor and its clinical importance in Reykjavik, Iceland.All Icelandic participants in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Reykjavik and suburbs were skin prick tested (SPT) for L. destructor. They also participated in a structured interview including questions about exposure to hay and symptoms related to hay exposure. Spirometry and methacholine tests were also performed.Altogether, 540 individuals underwent SPT with 12 allergens. Among them, 137 (25.4%) had positive skin tests, defined as at least one mean wheal reaction of > or =1 mm. By this definition, 34 (6.3%) were positive to L. destructor. These 34 individuals were significantly (P < 0.001) more often allergic to D. pteronyssinus (24/34), grass (14/34), cat (13/34), dog (12/34), Alternaria (11/34), Cladosporium (9/34), horse (8/34), and olive (8/34) than those not allergic to L. destructor. Those SPT positive to L. destructor had a higher total IgE (geometric mean: 40.9 kU/I vs 12.3 kU/I, P < 0.001) than those who were negative to L. destructor, but their lung function was comparable to that of the others. Asthma during the preceding 12 months or asthma ever suffered was not overrepresented among those SPT-positive to L. destructor. Individuals with symptoms associated with hay exposure were more often SPT positive to L. destructor than those not having symptoms (P < 0.01).In a random urban population, 6.3% showed IgE-mediated allergy to L. destructor. These were often polysensitized atopics with a high prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with exposure to hay.
Traumatic Myopathy: A Benign Cause of Pseudohypertrophy of the Calves
Authors: Joseph C. Masdeu, Frank A. Rubino
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pseudohypertrophy of the calves is most commonly related to muscular dystrophy and occasionally to endocrine disorders, chronic denervation, infection, or local tumors.<sup>1</sup>A benign cause, not previously described, is reported as follows. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 57-year-old man worked during his teens in a bowling alley for three years as a pinsetter. Flying pins would frequently hit him in the calves, which were often sore and stiff after an evening at work. At about age 25, he noted that his calves were already large. Recently, he sought medical attention because of boring pain on the dorsal aspect of his right leg. His calves, particularly the right one, were notably enlarged and firm to palpation. Plantar flexion of the feet was mildly weak. Serum muscle enzyme levels were normal. Computed tomography (CT) of all four limbs showed tissue of fatlike radiodensity confined to the posterior muscular
Paroxysmal itching in multiple sclerosis
Authors: P.O. OSTERMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

In three women with multiple sclerosis, paroxysmal attacks of itching occurred. There were several similarities between these attacks and other types of paroxysmal phenomena previously described in multiple sclerosis. The attacks were brief, but usually lasted several minutes, they started and ended abruptly, and recurred several times a day. They were controlled effectively by carbamazepine. It is suggested that paroxysmal itching is caused by transversely spreading ephaptic activation of axons with-in a partially demyelinated lesion in pain-conducting fibre tracts in the central nervous system.
Changing Medical Education — The New Schools
Authors: Christopher C. Fordham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The capacity of the United States to educate new physicians has expanded remarkably in the past two decades. This expansion has been characterized by the growing enrollments of existing schools, the building of several traditional academic medical centers in the 1960's, and the appearance of a whole generation of new "community based" medical schools.The phenomenon of the community-based school as a pedagogic (and political) reaction to an era of burgeoning science and technology in medicine is most intriguing. The papers in this issue of the Journal by medical deans Moy of Southern Illinois and Tosteson of Harvard represent poignant, . . .
Genetics of the Eighteenth Dynasty
Authors: Charles F. Timmons
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Tutankhamun and His Brothers: Familial Gynecomastia in the Eighteenth Dynasty" (1980;244:160) presents an interesting summary of the difficulty of reconstructing the pedigree of this family and interpreting the appearance of archeological artifacts in pathological and genetic terms. However, three important points should be added. First, the author, Bernadine Z. Paulshock, MD, is perhaps too sanguine in her belief that "once Queen Tiye's mummy is ABO/MN typed, the theory that either she or Sitamun was the mother of Smenkhare and Tutankhamun should be either corroborated or abandoned." Among the mummies originally typed were Yuya and Thuya, the parents of the Queen.<sup>1</sup>Both were A<sub>2</sub>N, so their daughter must be either A<sub>2</sub>N or ON. If the mummy is otherwise, either it is not Tiye—an internal contradiction, since one basis of her identification was extreme cephalometric similarity to the mummies of Yuya and
Decreased Expression of Calcium Receptor in Parathyroid Tissue in Patients with Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: María D. Martín-Salvago, José L. Villar-Rodríguez, Alfonso Palma-Álvarez, Antonio Beato-Moreno, Hugo Galera-Davidson
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2003)
Thrombotic Disorders with Increased Levels of Antiplasmin and Antiplasminogen
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

DESPITE recent advances in the understanding of hemostasis the cause of many thrombotic disorders has not been established. Thrombosis is probably the common expression of diverse etiologies, some originating in the vascular wall, others in the intrinsic coagulation mechanism and still others in extravascular disturbances. Among these possibilities an increased inhibition of normal clot lysis has been described as a cause of abnormal thrombi.1 2 3 4 Although a number of such inhibitors have been reported,5 6 7 8 to date they have been thought significant chiefly as factors that may complicate fibrinolytic therapy. Only a few reports have noted increased levels of such inhibitors in . . .