tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Double blind, cluster randomised trial of low dose supplementation with vitamin A or beta carotene on mortality related to pregnancy in Nepal
Authors: K. P West, J. Katz, S. K Khatry, S. C LeClerq, E. K Pradhan, S. R Shrestha, P. B Connor, S. M Dali, P. Christian, R. P Pokhrel, A. Sommer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the impact on mortality related to pregnancy of supplementing women of reproductive age each week with a recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A, either preformed or as βcarotene. <b>Design:</b> Double blind, cluster randomised, placebo controlled field trial. <b>Setting:</b> Rural southeast central plains of Nepal (Sarlahi district). <b>Subjects:</b> 44646 married women, of whom 20119 became pregnant 22189 times. <b>Intervention:</b> 270 wards randomised to 3groups of 90each for women to receive weekly a single oral supplement of placebo, vitamin A (7000¼g retinol equivalents) or βcarotene (42mg, or 7000¼g retinol equivalents) for over 31/2 years. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> All cause mortality in women during pregnancy up to 12weekspost partum (pregnancy related mortality) and mortality during pregnancy to 6weeks postpartum, excluding deaths apparently related to injury (maternal mortality). <b>Results:</b> Mortality related to pregnancy in the placebo, vitamin A, and βcarotene groups was 704,426,and 361deaths per 100000 pregnancies, yielding relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of 0.60(0.37to 0.97) and 0.51(0.30to 0.86). This represented reductions of 40% (P&lt;0.04)and 49% (P&lt;0.01) among those who received vitamin A and βcarotene. Combined, vitaminA or βcarotene lowered mortality by 44% (0.56(0.37to 0.84), P&lt;0.005) and reduced the maternal mortality ratio from 645to 385deaths per 100000 live births, or by 40% (P&lt;0.02). Differences in cause of death could not be reliably distinguished between supplemented and placebo groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> Supplementation of women with either vitamin A or βcarotene at recommended dietary amounts during childbearing years can lower mortality related to pregnancy in rural, undernourished populations of south Asia.
Conducting Environmental Health Research in the Arabian Middle East: Lessons Learned and Opportunities
Authors: Karin B. Yeatts, Mohamed El-Sadig, Habiba I. Ali, Fatma Al-Maskari, Alan Campbell, Shu Wen Ng, Lisa Reeves, Ronna L. Chan, Christopher A. Davidson, William E. Funk, Maryanne G. Boundy, David Leith, Barry Popkin, Jacqueline MacDonald Gibson, Ivan Rusyn, Andrew F. Olshan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The Arabian Gulf nations are undergoing rapid economic development, leading to major shifts in both the traditional lifestyle and the environment. Although the pace of change is brisk, there is a dearth of environmental health research in this region.We describe challenges and successes of conducting an environmental epidemiologic study in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a Gulf nation in the Middle East, with an inter-disciplinary team that includes in-country academic and government collaborators as well as U.S. academic collaborators.We present several issues, including study and data collection design, exposure assessment, scheduling and time coordination, quality assurance and quality control, and institutional review board protocols. These topics are considered in a cultural context. Benefits of this research included building linkages among multinational, interdisciplinary team members, generating data for local environmental decision making, and developing local epidemiologic research capacity. The Middle Eastern culture of hospitality greatly benefited the project team.Cultural differences impact multiple aspects of epidemiologic research and should be respectfully addressed. Conducting international population-based environmental research poses many challenges; these challenges can be met successfully with careful planning, cultural knowledge, and flexibility. Lessons learned are applicable to interdisciplinary research all over the world. The research conducted will benefit the environmental and public health agencies of the UAE and provide the nation's leadership with country-specific environmental health data that can be used to protect the public's health in a rapidly changing environment.
Infectious Hepatitis Associated with Pregnancy
Authors: Ralf Martin, Frank C. Ferguson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

AN EPIDEMIC of infectious hepatitis began among the civilian population of Portland, Maine, during 1944, and has continued to date. Four cases occurred in pregnant women. Since this combination is rare, having occurred in only 10 of 72,000 pregnant patients at the Chicago Lying-in hospital,1 the cases reported below are presented in detail.The sedimentation rates mentioned in these cases were determined by the Wintrobe method, corrected for anemia, with normal results in women of up to 20 mm. in 1 hour. Normal values for the icteric index were 4 to 7 units per cubic centimeter. In the bromsulfalein test . . .
Respiratory Failure From Contralateral Pneumothorax and Atelectasis
Authors: Richard P. Harbord
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A 51-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital with persistent diarrhea. He was known to have Felty's syndrome,<sup>1</sup>and had a palpable liver and spleen; the white blood cell count was 1,836/cu mm and the platelet count 60,000/cu mm; a rheumatoid deformity of his hands had been present for ten years. The hemoglobin level was 9.0 gm/100 cc and the hematocrit reading was 29%. There were ecchymoses on the patient's forearms; his legs were pigmented and there was a healing ulcer on the left leg. The patient's heart was slightly enlarged. Four years before he had been hypertensive and had congestive heart-failure. His lungs now sounded clear and the x-ray film of the chest was interpreted as being normal. Both fundi showed arteriosclerotic changes but the patient was normotensive and had a regular heart beat with a rate of 88 per minute. He was receiving digitalis (100 mg/day),
Paraquat-poisoned victims in guarded condition
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A Georgia plant nurseryman and a Florida landscaper, both of whom accidentally inhaled large amounts of paraquat (1, 1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridylium) herbicide, continue to survive after becoming the first humans since 1977 to undergo single-lung transplants. The former patient has also undergone a second lung transplant. Until this recent resumption, only 38 human single-lung transplant attempts had been reported. These were attempted between 1963 and 1977, and patient survival ranged from about an hour to ten months. However, all were undertaken before the availability of cyclosporin A, which is credited with reducing rejection episodes and perhaps with enhancing healing of tracheal anastomoses and limiting postoperative infections. The first single-lung transplant to be performed since 1977, on Aug 28 of this year, was at Toronto General Hospital. On Sept 20, a second lung transplantation was done there to replace the patient's other damaged lung. Then, on Sept 24, another single-lung transplant was performed—this
Combined Blockade Of The Histamine H1 and H4 Receptor Suppresses Peanut-Induced Diarrhea And Intestinal Inflammation By Regulating Dendritic Cell Function
Authors: M. Wang, J. Domenico, G. Kirchenbaum, S.K. Oda, Y. Shin, J. Han, E.W. Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Electrophysiologic effects of propranolol on sinus node function in patients with sinus node dysfunction.
Authors: H C Strauss, M Gilbert, R H Svenson, H C Miller, A G Wallace
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The electrophysiologic effects of intravenously administered propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) on three parameters of sinus node function were examined in ten symptomatic patients with sinus node dysfunction. The patients ranged in age from 26 to 79 years. Symptoms ranged from fatigue to frank syncope. Sinoatrial (SA) block and sinus pauses were observed in one patient; sinus pauses alone were observed in three patients. Five (5/10) patients had intraatrial block; three (3/10) patients had atrioventricular block; four (4/10) patients had an intraventricular conduction disturbance. At the time of electrophysiologic study, two patients had a control spontaneous sinus cycle length that exceeded 1000 msec. Following propranolol, the mean spontaneous cycle length increased by 17.4% (924 to 1085 msec, P less than 0.005) and spontaneous second degree SA block reappeared in the one patient. The maximum escape cycle ranged from 116% to 229% of the prepacing spontaneous cycle length and was considered to be prolonged in two of ten patients. Propranolol had no significant effect on the maximum escape cycle/prepacing cycle length X 100 (%). The estimated sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was determined in seven patients and ranged in value from 120 to 238 mes. Propranolol increased the mean value of the estimated SACT from 179 to 213 msec, P less than 0.025. Propranolol may cause marked bradyarrhythmias in some patients with sinus node dysfunction, and should be used with caution in these patients.
Early predictors of clinician diagnosed eczema at age 4: The Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution (CCAAP) Birth Cohort Study
Authors: T.G. Epstein, D.I. Bernstein, L. Levin, P.H. Ryan, J.E. Lockey, G.K.K. Hershey, M. Villareal, G.K. LeMasters
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The Role of Technetium-99m MAG3 Renal Imaging in the Diagnosis of Acute Tubular Necrosis of Native Kidneys
Authors: DANIEL A. BLAUSTEIN, MAUNG M. MYINT, KRISHNAN BABU, MORRELL M. AVRAM, BELUR S. CHANDRAMOULI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

The differential diagnosis for patients with acute renal failure of their native kidneys, as a result of primary intrarenal disease, includes acute tubular necrosis, glomerulonephritis, and interstitial nephritis. The role of MAG3 renography has not been studied in this setting. The authors describe four patients with acute renal failure in whom MAG3 renal imaging reliably identified acute tubular necrosis, as confirmed by follow-up kidney biopsies. In contrast to the poor parenchymal uptake observed in glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis, MAG3 shows a distinctive pattern in patients with acute tubular necrosis. For patients with acute renal failure, a renal scan can facilitate decision-making regarding the initiation of therapy.
THE PORTLAND SESSION
Authors: George H. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and delayed gastrointestinal transit time in cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Ankur Gupta, Radha K Dhiman, Savita Kumari, Satyavati Rana, Ritesh Agarwal, Ajay Duseja, Yogesh Chawla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Hepatitis B Viral Nucleotide Sequences in Non-A, Non-B or Hepatitis B Virus-Related Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Annalena Figus, Hubert E. Blum, Girish N. Vyas, Stefano De Virgilis, Antonio Cao, Marco Lippi, Eliana Lai, Angelo Balestrieri
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The presence of serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and of hepatocellular HBV DNA were investigated in 19 HBsAg-negative patients with clinically and histologically significant chronic liver disease. Four cases negative for antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs), to the core antigen (anti-HBc), and to the e antigen (anti-HBe) were classified as non-A, non-B hepatitis. The remainder, positive for one or more of the three antibodies, were classified as hepatitis B. Histologic diagnosis was chronic active hepatitis in five, chronic persistent hepatitis in 11, micron-odular cirrhosis in two, and fatty liver in one patient. The DNA extracted from limited amounts of liver biopsies, without cleavage by restriction endonucleases, was analyzed by the Southern blot technique for the presence of episomal HBV DNA. Autoradiographs showed a single band of less than 4.0 kilobase (kb) corresponding to the monomeric form of HBV DNA in five patients, several bands of larger forms (4.0 to 18.0 kb) in three patients, both the monomeric and the larger forms in eight patients, and no HBV DNA in three patients. While HBV DNA was detected in the hepatocellular DNA of six patients who underwent splenectomy, hybridization was negative with the DNA extracted from their spleens. The episomal viral DNA larger than 4.0 kb may represent concatemeric forms or free oligomers which could not be distinguished from rearranged and/or integrated viral DNA in the limited analyses of the hepatocellular DNA hydrolyzed with HindIII or EcoRI. Our observations suggest the presence of HBV-like agents in the liver of serologically HBsAg-negative patients with chronic liver disease.
Mcl-1 gene promoter insertions do not correlate with disease outcome, stage or VH gene mutation status in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: G Tobin, Å Skogsberg, U Thunberg, A Laurell, A Åleskog, M Merup, C Sundström, G Roos, K Nilsson, R Rosenquist
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Toward a Continuum of Formal and Continuing Education
Authors: PETER F. REGAN, S. MOUCHLY SMALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors discuss some of the reasons for the lag in developing programs for continuing medical education and suggest that many of these problems could be overcome by combining continuing education more closely with formal education. They present general schemes for the division of course material into "permanent" and "time-bound" core courses that would provide the basis for the continuum, and they outline the stages of implementation.
Developmental changes in energy substrate use by the heart
Authors: G. D Lopaschuk, R. L Collins-Nakai, T. Itoi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Developmental changes in energy substrate use by the heart Get access Gary D Lopaschuk, Gary D Lopaschuk Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 423 Heritage Medical Research Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 - Cardiovascular Disease Research Group and Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group: G D Lopaschuk, R L Collins-Nakai; T Itoi. Correspondence to Dr Lopaschuk. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ruth L Collins-Nakai, Ruth L Collins-Nakai Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 423 Heritage Medical Research Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 - Cardiovascular Disease Research Group and Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group: G D Lopaschuk, R L Collins-Nakai; T Itoi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toshiyuki Itoi Toshiyuki Itoi Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 423 Heritage Medical Research Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2 - Cardiovascular Disease Research Group and Lipid and Lipoprotein Research Group: G D Lopaschuk, R L Collins-Nakai; T Itoi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 12, December 1992, Pages 1172–1180, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.12.1172 Published: 01 December 1992 Article history Received: 14 February 1992 Accepted: 18 June 1992 Published: 01 December 1992
CONTRIBUTION OF LV STRAIN IN THE PREDICTION OF 30-DAY READMISSION IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Makoto Saito, Kazuaki Negishi, Mehdi Eskandari, Koneru Srikanth, Joshua Hawson, Alice Moore, Simon Foster, Janette Power, Nathan Dwyer, Thomas Marwick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cigarette Smoking Alters Bronchial Mucosal Immunity in Asthma
Authors: Maria Tsoumakidou, William Elston, Jie Zhu, Zhuo Wang, Elizabeth Gamble, Nikos M. Siafakas, Neil C. Barnes, Peter K. Jeffery
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Cigarette smoking worsens asthma and is associated with reduced response to corticosteroid therapy. As cigarette smoke is known to have immunomodulatory effects, we hypothesized that one mechanism by which smoking mediates its adverse effect is by reduction of the numbers of bronchial mucosal dendritic cells (DCs), which control B-cell growth and T-cell responses.We set out to sample the bronchial mucosa in smoking and never-smoking patients with asthma and to count DCs, B cells, and cells expressing genes for two key T-lymphocyte regulatory cytokines.Twenty-one never-smoker patients with asthma (6 steroid naive), 24 smoker patients with asthma (9 steroid naive), and 10 healthy never-smokers (control subjects) were recruited and their endobronchial biopsy samples were immunostained for detection of mature DCs (CD83(+)), Langerhans cells (CD1a(+)), B lymphocytes (CD20(+)), and helper T-cell type 1 (IFN-gamma) and helper T-cell type 2 (IL-4) cytokine-expressing cells.The number (per square millimeter) of CD83(+) mature DCs was significantly lower in smoker patients with asthma (median [range]: 37 [0, 131]) in comparison with never-smoker steroid-naive and steroid-treated patients with asthma (76 [24, 464]; p = 0.006) or control subjects (85 [40, 294]; p = 0.004). Moreover, B cells were fewer in smoker (26 [4, 234]) versus never-smoker steroid-naive and steroid-treated patients with asthma (45 [10, 447]; p = 0.01) and in smoker steroid-naive patients with asthma (23 [4, 111]) versus control subjects (34 [10, 130]; p = 0.05). The number of cells expressing IFN-gamma showed a trend toward fewer in smoker (70 [6, 24]) versus never-smoker steroid-naive patients with asthma (144 [44, 323]; p = 0.10).There are important and statistically significant differences in the number of CD83(+) mature DCs and B cells in the large airways of smokers with asthma. We speculate that their reductions may render patients with asthma less responsive to corticosteroids and more susceptible to infection.
ELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF MOUSE ANTIHAPTEN ANTIBODIES INVOLVED IN PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS AND PASSIVE HEMOLYSIS
Authors: Ruth Sonntag Nussenzweig, Carmen Merryman, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Some properties of mouse antibodies produced by hyperimmunization with conjugated haptens, emulsified in complete adjuvant, have been investigated. Under these conditions two antigenically different types of precipitating antibody, with small differences in their electrophoretic mobilities, both migrating in the gamma-region, are produced. Both antibody types were shown to be different from the beta(2A)-globulins) as revealed by the absence of reaction with specific rabbit antisera against mouse beta(2A)-myeloma globulins. gamma(2) or the slower migrating antibodies, similarly to what has been described for the guinea pig, were able to provoke lysis of antigen-coated tanned sheep erythrocytes, in the presence of complement. This activity could not be detected in the faster migrating antibody type. The slower migrating fractions of the gamma(2)-antibodies were able to transfer passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in the guinea pig, but not in their own species. gamma(1)-Antibodies were found to be capable of sensitizing the mouse for cutaneous anaphylaxis. The sensitivity of these antibodies to reduction and alkylation was different, the lytic activity being practically abolished, the PCA titers in mice much reduced, and the PCA activity in guinea pigs only partially inactivated.
Mutational analysis of the membrane-proximal cleavage site of L-selectin: relaxed sequence specificity surrounding the cleavage site.
Authors: G I Migaki, J Kahn, T K Kishimoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

L-selectin expression is regulated in part by membrane-proximal cleavage from the cell surface of leukocytes and L-selectin-transfected cells. The downregulation of L-selectin from the surface of neutrophils is speculated to be a process involved in the adhesion cascade leading to neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. We previously reported that L-selectin is cleaved between Lys321 and Ser322 in a region that links the second short consensus repeat (SCR) and the transmembrane domain. We demonstrate that replacing this cleavage domain of L-selectin with the corresponding region of E-selectin prevents L-selectin shedding, as judged by inhibiting the generation of the 68-kD soluble and 6-kD transmembrane cleavage products of L-selectin. Unexpectedly, we found that point mutations of the cleavage site, as well as mutations of multiple conserved amino acids within the cleavage domain, do not significantly affect L-selectin shedding. However, short deletions of four or five amino acids in the L-selectin cleavage domain inhibit L-selectin downregulation. Mutations that appeared to inhibit L-selectin shedding resulted in higher levels of cell surface expression, consistent with a lack of apparent proteolysis from the cell membrane. One deletion mutant, I327 delta N332, retains the native cleavage site yet inhibits L-selectin proteolysis as well. Restoring the amino acids deleted between I327 and N332 with five alanine residues restores L-selectin proteolysis. Thus, the proteolytic processing of L-selectin appears to have a relaxed sequence specificity at the cleavage site, and it may depend on the physical length or other secondary structural characteristics of the cleavage domain.
MPs give independent treatment centres a poor report
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The government's attempt to boost healthcare capacity by establishing a network of independent sector treatment centres offers no clear advantages over doing the same work in the NHS. This is the conclusion of the influential House of Commons health select committee.

And the committee warns that if the £5bn (€7.3bn; $9.2bn) programme continues to be rolled out as planned it could destabilise some local trusts and result in the closure of a number of hospitals.

The first wave of independent sector treatment centres—private clinics that do a range of NHS elective procedures—was launched …