tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of a Physiologic Pharmacokinetic Model of Glucose Homeostasis for Assessment of Performance Requirements for Improved Insulin Therapies
Authors: John T Sorensen, Clark K Colton, Robert S Hillman, J Stuart Soeldner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Methods are presented for assessing insulin therapies using a physiologic pharmacokinetic model of glucose homeostasis in man. The model is composed of simultaneous differential equations that represent physiologic compartments and spaces in which glucose and insulin are distributed and undergo metabolic reactions. The model is used to simulate clinical experiments in which blood glucose concentration is controlled by artificial device therapies. Predictions of the theoretical model for responses of normal and diabetic individuals to standard intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests are compared to clinical data. Reasonable agreement is obtained between predictions of the computer simulations and clinical data for normal individuals. The responses of a diabetic person to oral glucose tolerance tests are simulated by removal of the pancreas from the glucose homeostasis model and introduction of insulin into the model by a prescribed therapy. Model simulations reaffirm expectations concerning the poor blood glucose control attainable by intramuscular insulin injection. Simulations of blood glucose regulation by an artificial pancreas using closed-loop feedback control for controlling insulin delivery rate reveal hyperinsulinemia that results in a net shift in the deposition of a glucose load from liver to peripheral tissues. Simulations of this system in which the time delay for glucose measurement is varied from 1.5 to 30 min show that increases in sensor delay result in progressive loss in glucose regulation, exacerbation of hyperinsulinemia, and increased insulin requirements.
Another family with the Li-Fraumeni cancer syndrome
Authors: M. H. Duncan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Four of the original families with soft-tissue tumors in children and other cancers in close relatives, especially breast cancer in young women, have recently been brought up to date by Li and Fraumeni (1982;247:2692). In 31 surviving family members, ten experienced 16 additional cancers between 1969 and 1980. We observed a family with a variation on this theme that features brain tumors (Figure). Among four children in a sibship, two experienced double-primary malignant tumors: embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the right paranasal region at 22 months old and osteogenic sarcoma of the midmandible (outside of the radiation field) at 14 years of age occurred in one child, and in the other child, acute lymphocytic leukemia at 17 years of age was followed two months later by the diagnosis of high-grade chondrosarcoma of the ilium. Their mother died of metastatic carcinoma of the left breast diagnosed at age 26 years.
Aetiology of Graves's Disease in Relation to Recent Experimental Findings
Authors: G. W. Harris, J. W. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1956)

of the 70-79 age group.The frequency was higher in women than in men for all ages, though the differences were very small in the 80-89 group.At ages below 50 gall-stones were more frequent in married women with- out children than in single women, and more frequent in married women with children than in married nulliparae.Beyond the age of 49 the related incidence was higher in married nulliparae than in married women with children.It was argued that by combining data from clinical and post-mortem material a more accurate description of the distribution of gall-stones in the living population could be obtained than from consideration of either set of data alone.It was found that gall-stones increase in frequency with age, but that in females after the sixth decade and males after the eighth there is a high proportion of " silent" stones.It is concluded that, in women, age changes in the incidence of cholelithiasis are modified by factors operating in and related -to the child-bearing period.In the years following the female climacteric, sex differences in the incidence of cholelithiasis appear to diminish until there are virtually no differences in the oldest age group.At ages under 50, women with gall-stones were heavier than normal women of a comparable age and height.After 50, differences in weight were no longer apparent.Analysis of stones found at necropsy showed the mixed type to be most frequent, the pigment type next, and the cholesterol type least frequent in both sexes.Comparisons were drawn between the incidence of gall-stones and of atherosclerosis.Prior to the meno- pause there is a sex difference in cholesterol metabolism.It is suggested that this difference is expressed in women by a high frequency of cholelithiasis and a low fre- quency of atherosclerosis, whilst the reverse occurs in men.After the menopause, when hormonal differences between the two sexes become less clearly defined, the pathways of cholesterol metabolism may converge and so account for the diminishing sex differences in the related incidence of gall-stones and atherosclerosis among the older age groups.My thanks are due to Professor Lancelot Hogben, F.R.S., Dr. R. G
Political Violence and Public Health in Haiti
Authors: Paul Farmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In 1991, a violent military coup unseated Haiti's first democratically elected government. An estimated 5000 people died, and hundreds of thousands more were displaced during the three years when military and paramilitary groups ruled the country. It was my privilege and responsibility to help provide basic medical services in central Haiti (see map and Figure) during those years. After constitutional rule was restored in 1994, it was possible to assess the effects of those events on our medical and public health efforts in the central plateau. We termed these years the “lost years,” since many of our efforts required a modicum . . .
Physical Activity and Risk of Severe Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in Older Persons
Authors: Marco Pahor
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess whether regular physical activity is associated with a decreased risk of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH) in older persons. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort study with 3 years of follow-up. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Three communities of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 8205 persons aged 68 years or older, yielding 22 277 person-years of follow-up. <h3>Measurements.</h3> —The occurrence of severe GIH was defined as either a hospital discharge diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with blood transfusion or death during the hospital stay or a nonhospital death with mention of GIH on the death certificate. Physical activity was measured by self-reported frequency of walking, gardening, or doing vigorous physical activity. Those participants doing the activity three times per week or more were compared with the remaining participants. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) of GIH were controlled for age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, chronic conditions, number of hospital admissions in the past year, and number and types of drugs taken. <h3>Results.</h3> —Severe GIH occurred in 241 participants (rate, 10.8 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for severe GIH associated with walking, gardening, and vigorous physical activity were 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8), 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1), and 0.7 (0.4 to 1.2), respectively. The RR associated with a summary variable for the three activities was 0.7 (95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9). These results were consistent after stratifying on health status and disability or by excluding those who were not mobile, ie, not able to walk half a mile or climb a flight of stairs. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Regular physical activity is associated with a decreased risk for severe GIH in older persons. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:595-599)
Successful Application of Prenatal Diagnosis in a Pregnancy at Risk for Homozygous β-Thalassemia
Authors: Yuet Wai Kan, Mitchell S. Golbus, Phyllis Klein, Andree M. Dozy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A Sicilian couple whose first child had homozygous beta-+-thalassemia requiring monthly transfusion requested prenatal diagnosis during the second pregnancy. Fully informed consent was obtained. The placenta was localized by ultra-sound at the 20th week of gestation, and was aspirated with a 20-gauge needle. Samples containing fetal red cells were obtained, and studies of globinchain synthesis showed a normal beta/gamma synthesis ratio for this gestational age. The conclusion that the child was not affected by beta-thalassemia was confirmed when an infant not affected with homozygous of heterozygous beta-thalassemia was born at term. Although more experience with this approach is necessary, this study demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis or exclusion of beta-thalassemia and sickle-cell anemia is feasible.
Essentials of Paediatric Urology
Authors: T L Chambers
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Nephrologists are apt to look upon urologists as mere plumbers but in paediatric practice this is not so: the paediatric urologist's task embraces not only the delicate reconstruction of urinary tracts and their outflows but also the broader processes of helping a child with a malformation to grow up confident and continent. With the flourishing of paediatric urology over the past twenty years in the UK we have seen just why children are better served by urologists specializing in their age group than by those who treat them as small incontinent adults. In Bristol the paediatric urologists contribute vitally to the holistic teamwork required when dealing with renal tract disorders of childhood.

Essentials of Paediatric Urology is beautifully produced, with plenty of photographs, X-rays and other images. The text is well laid out, clear to read and amply indexed, though references are confined to ‘further reading’: in the section of urinary tract infection (UTI) there are just four, none more recent than 1997. I sympathize with anyone who writes on this subject: children with UTI only rarely have an underlying urinary tract or renal abnormality, so guidelines on when to investigate invasively tend to be a hotchpotch of ‘on the one hand... on the other hand’. This is true of the advice here on how to proceed when a child with UTI has a normal ultrasound (as most will): it is diffuse. I was intrigued to notice in this book that, although renal transplantation is mentioned several times as an aside, it is not included as an ‘essential’: presumably the paediatric surgeons prefer to delegate it to transplant surgeons. More happily, I was impressed by the chapters on renal physiology and renal failure and was encouraged to see adolescent or ‘transitional’ practice included in the paediatric urological repertoire. So often, adolescents with long-term medical or surgical conditions, after attending scrupulously for years, are lost to follow-up—or, after being seen in an adult clinic a couple of times, vote with their feet. The contribution on incontinence is excellent and acknowledges the body-and-mind approach needed by these youngsters.

Within its own terms, this book is a palpable hit. However, I wish it had given more attention to the human context. Normal willies and minnies, and normal micturition, are of vast importance in the lives and personal development of children and young people. Paediatric urologists, through their practical skills, can rescue a boy from the miseries of peeing sitting down, a girl from the physical difficulties of sexual relationships and both sexes from incontinence. These contextual aspects are touched on, but any implication that the work is ‘essentially’ technical could undermine a key element—the personal contribution made by an interested and committed surgeon.
Substance Abuse: Clinical Problems and Perspectives
Authors: Alan L. Krueger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>Classic Contributions in the Addictions,</h3> edited by Howard Shaffer and Milton Earl Burglass, 502 pp, with illus, $35, New York, Brunner/ Mazel Inc, 1981. This review examines two recent additions to substance-abuse literature. Both are edited volumes seeking to synthesize components of this complicated field.<i>Classic Contributions in the Addictions</i>, edited by Howard Shaffer and Milton Earl Burglass, is a 502-page volume in which the editors have compiled works that "have significantly changed or [in their belief] will change the fields of addiction theory, research, and practice."<i>Substance Abuse: Clinical Problems and Perspectives</i>, edited by Joyce H. Lowinson, MD, and Pedro Ruiz, MD, attempts to provide "a comprehensive manual which would bring together the best contemporary thinking on every aspect of this field." The Lowinson and Ruiz work comes closer to providing a comprehensive review of substance abuse. The text is divided into 11 parts. Following sections covering efforts to
Wound Botulism Associated With Black Tar Heroin
Authors: Joshua Bamberger
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EFFECT OF IMIPRAMINE (TOFRĀNIL) ON DEPRESSION AND HYPERKINESIA IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE
Authors: J. WHITTIER, G. HAYDU, J. CRAWFORD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

A case of Huntington's disease is reported showing remarkable improvement in mood and behavioral manifestation of depression under treatment with imipramine. The choreoid hyperkinesia was observed to increase in severity.
Plasma tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1): an independent predictor of poor response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Jose María Tolosana, Lluís Mont, Marta Sitges, Antonio Berruezo, Victoria Delgado, Bàrbara Vidal, David Tamborero, Manel Morales, Montserrat Batlle, Eulalia Roig, M. Angeles Castel, Félix Pérez‐Villa, Miguel Godoy, Josep Brugada
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Treatment resistant Lyme arthritis caused by Borrelia garinii
Authors: F-X Limbach
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Lyme arthritis is caused in Europe by three main pathogenic species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii. Because few synovial samples have yet been analysed by species-specific DNA amplification methods, further studies are needed to define the spectra of clinical manifestations associated with these different species. Two cases of treatment resistant Lyme arthritis are reported here, in which DNA amplification of the flagellin gene followed by dot-blot hybridisation in the synovial fluid identified B garinii as the causative agent. Clinical and biological data did not differ from the usual descriptions of Lyme arthritis, but as the recently reported molecular mimicry between OspA and hLFA1 is not applicable to B garinii, the pathogenesis of the present cases remains unclear. Future studies should aim at assessing the role of B garinii in European Lyme arthritis and its possible pathogenic and therapeutic consequences.
Nanog signaling in cancer promotes stem-like phenotype and immune evasion
Authors: Kyung Hee Noh, Bo Wook Kim, Kwon-Ho Song, Hanbyoul Cho, Young-Ho Lee, Jin Hee Kim, Joon-Yong Chung, Jae-Hoon Kim, Stephen M. Hewitt, Seung-Yong Seong, Chih-Ping Mao, T.-C. Wu, Tae Woo Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Adaptation of tumor cells to the host is a major cause of cancer progression, failure of therapy, and ultimately death. Immune selection drives this adaptation in human cancer by enriching tumor cells with a cancer stem cell-like (CSC-like) phenotype that makes them resistant to CTL-mediated apoptosis; however, the mechanisms that mediate CSC maintenance and proliferation are largely unknown. Here, we report that CTL-mediated immune selection drives the evolution of tumor cells toward a CSC-like phenotype and that the CSC-like phenotype arises through the Akt signaling pathway via transcriptional induction of Tcl1a by Nanog. Furthermore, we found that hyperactivation of the Nanog/Tcl1a/Akt signaling axis was conserved across multiple types of human cancer. Inhibition of Nanog in a murine model of colon cancer rendered tumor cells susceptible to immune-mediated clearance and led to successful, long-term control of the disease. Our findings establish a firm link among immune selection, disease progression, and the development of a stem-like tumor phenotype in human cancer and implicate the Nanog/Tcl1a/Akt pathway as a central molecular target in this process.
Forced Expiratory Time: A Simple Test for Airways Obstruction
Authors: S. Lal, A. D. Ferguson, E. J. M. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1964)

JOUM" haziness of the media in a large proportion of diabetics made it difficult to visualize the capillaries in this study.Although, in Fig. 6 B, an arterial injection of fluorescein has shown up zones of capillary closure alongside arteries and scattered small areas of capillary closure (Ashton, 1953), we have been able to discern this phenomenon in only three patients after intravenous injections; usually it is not until microaneurysms and fine new vessels develop that we can show up lesions in the capillary bed with the present intravenous technique.Besides providing fine anatomical details of the lesions in diabetic retinopathy, fluorescence photography gives informa- tion on the permeability of vessels.A proportion of the micro- aneurysms, segments of the new vessels in the retina, the new vessels projecting into the vitreous and in the retinitis proliferans, all show leakage of fluorescein.It is not surprising that these vessels have abnormally permeable walls because of the alterations in the basement membrane of the endothelium in the microaneurysms (Bloodworth, 1963) and the defective adventitial layers of the new vessels (Ballantyne, 1946;Gartner, 1950).Hodge and Dollery ( 1964) have shown that on equilibrium SummaryRetinal photography while fluorescein traverses the retinal circulation has been used to study 41 diabetics with visible retinopathy.Microaneurysms and fine new vessels were usually shown in far greater numbers and detail than could be observed ophthalmoscopically and with routine retinal photography.Leakage of fluorescein occurs from a proportion of micro- aneurysms and segments of the fine new vessels, and more pronounced leakage takes place from the large new vessels and into retinitis proliferans.No constant or characteristic lesion was seen in retinal vessels adjacent to hard exudates.
Reduced therapeutic effect of warfarin caused by etretinate
Authors: L.S. Ostlere, J.A.A. Langtry, S. Jones, R.C.D. Staughton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Reduced therapeutic effect of warfarin caused by etretinate Get access L.S. Ostlere, L.S. Ostlere Departments of Dermatology, Westminster Hospital, London SW1P 2AP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A.A. Langtry, J.A.A. Langtry Departments of Dermatology, Westminster Hospital, London SW1P 2AP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Jones, S. Jones Departments of Pharmacy, Westminster Hospital, London SW1P 2AP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.C.D. Staughton R.C.D. Staughton Departments of Dermatology, Westminster Hospital, London SW1P 2AP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Pages 505–506, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00637.x Published: 01 May 1991
Thank you to all Thorax reviewers
Authors: J A Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Acknowledgement of the contribution of peer reviewers to the success of Thorax 

Thorax had a very successful year in 2003 with an increase in submissions and an impact factor which now stands at 4.08.1 The invaluable resource of our dedicated peer reviewers has allowed Thorax to maintain its high standards.2–4 Peer review has been used in journals for over 300 years5 and is an important part of the editorial process, as constructive criticism during the peer review process leads to improvements in the final published paper.6

In this issue of Thorax we publish the names of all the peer reviewers who have reviewed papers for the …
All together now
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Who's this: youth worker; artist; qualified magician; successful businessman; environmentalist; helicopter and jet pilot; landlord; published author; ex-sportsman; architecture activist; defender of faiths; armed forces officer; keen skier; villagebuilder; and champion of organic farming (long before this became fashionable)? By any measure, it is an impressively varied curriculum vitae. And that's without adding “heir to the throne,” a role that inevitably overshadows his other skills, knowledge, and experience.

The Prince of Wales's diverse interests are reflected in the 18 not-for-profit organisations that comprise The Prince's Charities …
CD123, the plasmacytoid dendritic cell phenotypic marker, is abundant in leprosy type 1 reaction
Authors: P.R. Andrade, T.P. Amadeu, J.A. Nery, R.O. Pinheiro, E.N. Sarno
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

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