tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Metabolizable Immunologic Adjuvant for Human Use
Authors: J. Stokes, R. E. Weibel, M. E. Drake, A. F. Woodhour, M. R. Hilleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

A MOST critical need for the successful use of killed viral and other nonliving vaccines is a safe and effective immunologic adjuvant. The purpose of such an adjuvant is to achieve a more durable and higher-level immunity employing a smaller antigenic mass in a fewer number of doses than would be attainable with the corresponding aqueous vaccine. Such an adjuvant might find application to polyvalent viral and bacterial vaccines and to allergenic immunizing materials as well. Freund's1 incomplete mineral-oil adjuvant has been used extensively for experimental vaccination in animals and in man. Although this mineral-oil adjuvant has proved to be . . .
Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, 1937-8.
Authors: J Stallworthy
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The view under the quaint little bridge crossing the London Road, descending from Headington Hill to Magdalen, was a glimpse into fairyland on the 1st of January 1938. Heavy frost mantled the trees, sparkling with myriads of diamond pendants in the early sunshine. This was an unexpected bonus on entering the famous olc( city, and a new chapter of professional life. A little flat, rented from a peripatetic don, received us in north Oxford. It was ideal. A miniature garden traversed by a path lined by rose bushes was another bonus, or was it? During our brief exploration an unsigned message dropped through the door announcing Your share of the garden ends at the seventh rose bush. This was a timely reminder that the ancient city, with its cherished traditions, had much to teach us. The welcome was cold, like the morning, but was atypical of what followed.
δ antigen in hepatitis B: Immunohistology of frozen and paraffin-embedded liver biopsies and relation to HBV infection
Authors: Elisabeth St. Öcklin, Fred Gudat, Gunthild Krey, Ursula Dürmüller, Markus Gasser, Martin Schmid, Georg Stalder, Leonardo Bianchi
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

The finding that the recently described hepatitis B (HB)-associated delta antigen (δ Ag) is preserved in pronase-treated, formalin-fixed paraffin sections allowed a combined prospective and retrospective immunohistological study of its occurrence in 571 liver biopsies. Among 116 frozen biopsies (69 HBAg seropositive, 47 HBAg seronegative) and 455 paraffin-embedded biopsies (296 HBAg seropositive, 159 HBAg-negative), δ Ag was found in 10 HBAg seropositive patients. With the exception of 1 patient with chronic persistent HB, all had chronic-active HB and none had acute HB; 5 patients were i.v. drug abusers. In follow-up biopsies, the δ Agpersisted with HBsAg for as long as 6 years. The expression of δ Ag showed similarities to the HBcAg system including nuclear localization, mixed nuclear cytoplasmic expression, and coexistence with anti-δ in blood. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that δ Ag represents a transmissible, defective viral agent which requires HBV as a helper and may modulate, but not terminate, ongoing HBV infection.
Parthenogenetic stem cells for tissue-engineered heart repair
Authors: Michael Didié, Peter Christalla, Michael Rubart, Vijayakumar Muppala, Stephan Döker, Bernhard Unsöld, Ali El-Armouche, Thomas Rau, Thomas Eschenhagen, Alexander P. Schwoerer, Heimo Ehmke, Udo Schumacher, Sigrid Fuchs, Claudia Lange, Alexander Becker, Wen Tao, John A. Scherschel, Mark H. Soonpaa, Tao Yang, Qiong Lin, Martin Zenke, Dong-Wook Han, Hans R. Schöler, Cornelia Rudolph, Doris Steinemann, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Steve Kattman, Alec Witty, Gordon Keller, Loren J. Field, Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Uniparental parthenotes are considered an unwanted byproduct of in vitro fertilization. In utero parthenote development is severely compromised by defective organogenesis and in particular by defective cardiogenesis. Although developmentally compromised, apparently pluripotent stem cells can be derived from parthenogenetic blastocysts. Here we hypothesized that nonembryonic parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) can be directed toward the cardiac lineage and applied to tissue-engineered heart repair. We first confirmed similar fundamental properties in murine PSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), despite notable differences in genetic (allelic variability) and epigenetic (differential imprinting) characteristics. Haploidentity of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) in PSCs is particularly attractive for allogeneic cell-based therapies. Accordingly, we confirmed acceptance of PSCs in MHC-matched allotransplantation. Cardiomyocyte derivation from PSCs and ESCs was equally effective. The use of cardiomyocyte-restricted GFP enabled cell sorting and documentation of advanced structural and functional maturation in vitro and in vivo. This included seamless electrical integration of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes into recipient myocardium. Finally, we enriched cardiomyocytes to facilitate engineering of force-generating myocardium and demonstrated the utility of this technique in enhancing regional myocardial function after myocardial infarction. Collectively, our data demonstrate pluripotency, with unrestricted cardiogenicity in PSCs, and introduce this unique cell type as an attractive source for tissue-engineered heart repair.
Pregnancy in Rudimentary Horn of Bicornuate Uterus
Authors: D. Latto, R. Norman
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Management of Cases of Acute Barbiturate Poisoning These cases are not very common, and frequently first come under treatment during the night.The remedies used are often employed in a half-hearted and haphazard fashion.The following programme is outlined for the management of severe cases in deep coma.1.If there is marked respiratory depression restorative measures should be applied at once.Intravenous picrotoxin, 6 mg., should be given, and if there is no response 12 mg.every 30 minutes.Oxygen administration may be useful, and in extreme cases the use of a mechanical respirator should be considered.2. When respiration is restored, or in less severe cases immediately on admission, the stomach should be washed out with 16 pints (9 litres) of saline.(The stomach contents should be retained for examination.)Twenty grammes of magnesium sulphate should be left in the stomach.3. The intravenous administration of picrotoxin, 12 mg.every 30 minutes, should be continued.A careful watch must be
Reviews and Notes: Neurology: Lumbar Disc Disease
Authors: David Borenstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 March 1994Reviews and Notes: Neurology: Lumbar Disc DiseaseDavid BorensteinDavid BorensteinThe George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-6-199403150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Lumbar Disc DiseaseSecond edition. Russell W. Hardy, Jr.; ed. 362 pages. New York: Raven Press; 1993. $125.00.Low back pain is one of the most frequently encountered patient symptoms evaluated by primary care physicians. Many patients with back pain present with clinical complaints because of abnormalities of the intervertebral discs. Are these alterations of the disc clinically significant? Do these changes require medical therapy? When is surgical intervention necessary?This book attempts to explain the pathophysiology of intervertebral disc disorders, the illnesses that result from alterations in normal disc function, and the medical and surgical therapies for these diseases. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 6Page: 528KeywordsDiscectomyLower back painMusclesNeurologyNeurosurgeryOrthopedicsOsteomyelitisPrimary care physiciansSpineSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Retrovirus-induced feline pure red cell aplasia. Hematopoietic progenitors are infected with feline leukemia virus and erythroid burst-forming cells are uniquely sensitive to heterologous complement.
Authors: J L Abkowitz, R D Holly, C K Grant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Feline leukemia virus subgroup C/Sarma (FeLV-C) induces pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) in cats. Just before the onset of anemia, erythroid colony-forming cells (CFU-E) become undetectable in marrow culture, yet normal frequencies of erythroid burst-forming cells (BFU-E)- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) persist. To determine if erythroid progenitors were uniquely infected with retrovirus, marrow mononuclear cells from cats viremic with FeLV-C were labeled with monoclonal antibodies to gp70 and then analyzed with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Both erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors were among cells sorting positively, suggesting that infection of BFU-E alone did not result in PRCA. The results were confirmed by complement (C') lysis studies using baby rabbit or guinea pig sera as sources of C'. These studies also suggested that BFU-E from cats with PRCA were unusually sensitive to C' alone, without the addition of antibody. In further studies, we demonstrated that C' activation was via the classical pathway and that C' sensitivity was unique to BFU-E and not a property of CFU-E, CFU-GM, or progenitors that were capable of giving rise to BFU-E in suspension culture. As BFU-E from cats viremic with FeLV-A/Glasgow-1 or the Rickard strain of feline leukemia virus were not sensitive to C', this finding may relate to the pathogenesis of feline PRCA. We hypothesize that, in cats viremic with FeLV-C, the abnormal C' sensitivity of BFU-E leads to the absence of CFU-E and anemia.
TCT-296 Assessment the performance value of CRUSADE and MEHRAN bleeding risk scores with the observed bleeding events among ACS Tunisian patients.
Authors: Faouzi Addad, Zhor Rezine, Zied Ibn El Hadj, Nadia Hammami, Lobna laaroussi, Majdi Ammami, Chaker Oueslati, Salem Kachboura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Bias Estimates of Mortality Using MedisGroups-Reply
Authors: Mark S. Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —The Pennsylvania Hospital Effectiveness Reports are presented by hospital, but their risk models are patient-specific. Thus, it was appropriate for me to test for biases using the patient (not the hospital) as the unit of observation. Nonetheless, Dr Brewster and Ms Throop and Drs Hartz and Van Ruiswyk wish to know how important my findings are when making interhospital comparisons. This depends on the patient characteristics at the hospitals being compared. If patients with a given condition (such as AMI) were randomly admitted to different hospitals, the average risks of these cases would be the same at each hospital. Risk adjustment would then be unnecessary and bias inconsequential. The need for models to make unbiased estimates of the risk of a given outcome for patients at the hospital level increases as patients with a given condition at hospitals become more diverse in their patient characteristics.  Brewster and Throop
The discovery of DuP 753, a potent, orally active nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Authors: John V. Duncia, David J. Carini, Andrew T. Chiu, Alexander L. Johnson, William A. Price, Pancras C. Wong, Ruth R. Wexler, Pieter B. M. W. M. Timmermans
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1992)
Consistency in the Analysis and Reporting of Primary End Points in Oncology Randomized Controlled Trials From Registration to Publication: A Systematic Review
Authors: Benoit You, Hui K. Gan, Gregory Pond, Eric X. Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To improve the quality of reporting of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), international registries for RCTs and guidelines for primary end point (PEP) analysis were established. The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate concordance of PEP between publication and the corresponding registry and to assess intrapublication consistency in PEP reporting.All adult oncology RCTs in solid tumors published in 10 journals between 2005 and 2009 were reviewed. Registration information was extracted from international trial registries.A total 366 RCTs were identified. Trial registration was found for 215 trials, and the rate increased from 43% in 2005 to 82% in 2009 (P < .001). There were 134 RCTs with clearly defined PEPs in registry, with the rate increasing from 15% to 67% (P < .001). PEP differed between registration and final publication in 14% trials with clearly defined PEPs. Reporting issues in methodology were found in 15% of RCTs, mainly because of inadequate reporting of PEP or sample size calculation. Problems with the interpretation of trial results were found in 22% publications, mostly resulting from negative superiority studies being interpreted as showing equivalence.The rates of trial registration and of trials with clearly defined PEPs have improved over time; however, 14% of these trials reported a different PEP in the final publication. Intrapublication inconsistencies in PEP reporting are frequent. Our findings highlight the need for investigators, peer reviewers, and readers to exercise increased awareness and scrutiny of reporting outcomes of oncology RCTs.
Long term progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D L Scott, B L Coulton, A J Popert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis is assessed radiologically. Previous studies have not examined in detail its long term progression. We evaluated the overall changes of peripheral joint damage radiologically in 50 rheumatoid patients followed up at one rheumatology centre for 10 years. All peripheral joints were scored in 12 groups with Larsen's standard films at 0 and 10 years. In 48 cases the total scored deteriorated (mean increase 13% maximum damage). There was no different pattern of progression in any of the patients, though seropositive patients had more initial damage and a greater rate of progress. The wrist and small joints of the feet were most affected initially. During the 10 years most progression occurred in the wrist, knee, and metacarpophalangeal joints. Progression occurred in both initially normal and abnormal joints. By 10 years only 16.5% joint groups showed no damage. Complete destruction was most common in the wrist, knee, and small joints of the feet. Damage to the hands and wrists have a god indication of overall changes at 0 and 10 years and also the increase in damage (correlation coefficients were from r = 0.74 to r = 0.85). These results show that specific joints are involved in different stages of the disease. Some joints are frequently involved and some less often. The hands and the wrists give a reasonable picture of the overall progression of damage.
Swine Flu Vaccine and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: C. A. Molgaard
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The swine flu immunization program, which distributed influenza A/New Jersey/76 vaccine to approximately 44 million adults in the United States, began Oct 1, 1976, and ended Dec 16, 1976. The possibility of adverse reactions to the vaccine went beyond the reported association with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Lawsuits filed against the United States have alleged that the vaccine was responsible for a variety of illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, polymyositis, transverse myelitis, encephalitis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Kurland and co-workers'<sup>1,2</sup>epidemiologic proportional morbidity studies and clinical trials have provided no evidence to support any association or cause-and-effect relationship between swine flu vaccine and multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Report of a Study.—</h3> A case-control study of antecedent events in patients with ALS (including history of swine flu vaccination) was conducted using 66 ALS cases and 66 age- ( ± 5 years) and sex-matched friend/neighbor controls. Patients were
Effects of ouabain and vagal stimulation on heart rate in the dog
Authors: D. W WALLICK, F. VALENCIC, R. B FRATIANNE, M. N LEVY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

When the vagus nerves are stimulated with one burst of pulses per minute, but each burst is placed at a different time in the cardiac cycle, a' 'vagal effect curve'' can be derived which displays the changes in cardiac cycle length (CCL) as a function of the elapsed time from the stimulus. This curve consists of a primary and a secondary phase of increased CCL. We performed experiments on open-chest anaesthetised dogs to test the hypothesis that the secondary phase of increased CCL is caused by an increase in the activity of the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump. In animals with a sinoatrial nodal rhythm (SANR), the mean peak values of the primary and secondary phases of increased CCL were 0.48±0.03 and 0.06±001 s, respectively, above the prestimulation level (0.52±0.01 s). Quabain (40 μg·kg−1 iv) did not significantly alter this bimodal response. In animals with an atrioventricular junctional rhythm (AVJR), the peaks of the primary and secondary increases in CCL were 0.55±0.03 and 1.04±0.17 s, respectively, above the prestimulation level (0.72±0.02 s). In animals with AVJR, ouabain markedly attenuated the peak secondary increase in CCL to 19% of the corresponding control value. This attenuation supports the hypothesis that the prominent secondary increase in CCL evoked by a brief vagal stimulus during AVJR is ascribable to an increased activity of the electrogenic Na+/K+ pump.
The mouse mutation “thrombocytopenia and cardiomyopathy” (trac) disrupts Abcg5: a spontaneous single gene model for human hereditary phytosterolemia/sitosterolemia
Authors: Thomas H. Chase, Bonnie L. Lyons, Roderick T. Bronson, Oded Foreman, Leah Rae Donahue, Lisa M. Burzenski, Bruce Gott, Priscilla Lane, Belinda Harris, Uta Ceglarek, Joachim Thiery, Henning Wittenburg, Jonathan N. Thon, Joseph E. Italiano, Kenneth R. Johnson, Leonard D. Shultz
Journal: Blood (2009)
In vivo infusion of growth factors enhances the mitogenic response of rat hepatic ductal (oval) cells after administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene
Authors: P Nagy, H C Bisgaard, E Santoni-Rugiu, S S Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Expression of several growth factors is elevated in rat liver, after induction of oval cell proliferation by chemical carcinogens. However, the exact roles played by individual factors are not defined. We infused and examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the proliferation of ductal and periductal cells after their activation with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2- AAF). Furthermore, we included studies on urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), because Northern blot analysis showed a strong coincidence of uPA expression with oval cell proliferation. Low doses of 2-AAF were used to activate ductal and periductal cells, whereafter growth factors were infused. Infusion of EGF, HGF, uPA, or any combination thereof for up to 7 days resulted in increased numbers of [ 3 H]thymidine-labeled ductal and periductal cells expanding into the liver acinus. Although the growth factors all increased the number of labeled cells, they preferentially acted on different cell populations. Although exposure to 2-AAF alone or combined with infusion of HGF resulted in proliferation of almost equal numbers of ductal and Ito cells, infusion of EGF and any combination hereof resulted in 75% to 80% of labeled cells having a ductal phenotype. Also, infusion of EGF and HGF resulted in decreased numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis in response to 2-AAF. Our results demonstrate that, although 2-AAF acts as a mitogenic stimulus for ductal and periductal cells, growth factors are necessary for survival, motility, and expansion of these cells into the liver acini.
India to get 58 new medical colleges in states poorly served by doctors
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s government has approved a proposal to establish 58 new medical colleges in states that currently lack them by upgrading district and referral hospitals.1 

The government said that each new college would have capacity for 100 new medical students, leading to 5800 new medical school seats. India currently has 381 medical colleges. The government has not announced when the new colleges would be set up.

To establish the new colleges, India’s central government will provide Rs84.6bn rupees (£830m; €1bn; $1.4bn) and the state governments will …
Repeatability of the moments of the truncated forced expiratory spirogram.
Authors: M R Miller, A C Pincock
Journal: Thorax (1982)

It is proposed that if the spirogram is truncated for moment analysis, this should be done with respect to volume and not time. Errors are incurred when the moments of one spirogram are compared with those of another. These errors are maximal with no truncation and are reduced by truncation. A method is described for deriving sequential truncated moments of the forced expiratory spirogram. The repeatability and discriminatory power of the truncated moments were assessed over five consecutive days in 21 symptom-free subjects and were compared with conventional spirometric tests. The first and second moments about the origin of the spirogram (alpha 1 and alpha 2), the moment ratio (square root alpha 2/alpha 1) and the forced expiratory time to truncation (FET) are progressively less repeatable within individuals the later the truncation point. The discriminatory power of alpha 1 and alpha 2 and FET declines with later truncation but the discriminatory power of the moment ratio is maximal with truncation at 85% forced vital capacity (FVC) an diminishes sharply if truncation is beyond 95% FVC. At 75% FVC truncation alpha 1 is as good as FEV1% in discriminating between our subjects, whereas alpha 1 at 100% FVC is only half as good as FEV1%. The moment ratio at 90% FVC truncation is highly reproducible (mean within person coefficient of variation 2.1%), has important discriminatory power and is little influenced by events early in the spirogram (correlation with FEV1% r = -0.61, p less than 0.001). The moment ratio at 90% of FVC has attributes which may be useful in detecting early airway obstruction and its further study is warranted in order to establish its normal range and predictive value.
Granulomatous (Ileo) Colitis
Authors: Louis Zetzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

SAMUEL Wilks,1 in 1859, suggested that idiopathic colitis should be considered in a different category from specific epidemic dysentery. When Moxon,2 in 1875, joined him in common authorship of their book on pathological anatomy, he included a graphic description of what would still pass for nonspecific ulcerative colitis: "extensive ulceration commencing in the follicles and spreading from them to destroy the tissue around, thus producing a ragged ulcerated surface."Thus, for more than a century all inflammatory diseases without specific etiology were included in a common reservoir designated as idiopathic nonspecific ulcerative colitis. From this all-inclusive category, various diagnostic groupings . . .
P1215 MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C (CHC) GENOTYPE 1 TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS IN AN ERA OF RISING OPPORTUNITIES AND COSTS – A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF TREATMENT OPTIONS
Authors: P.A. Cortesi, A. Ciaccio, M. Rota, S. De Salvia, M. Vinci, L.S. Belli, J.K. Lim, L.G. Mantovani, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)