tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Attenuation Correction to Discriminate Defects Caused by Left Bundle Branch Block Versus Coronary Stenosis in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Tobias Hoefflinghaus, Lars Husmann, Ines Valenta, Clemens Moonen, Oliver Gaemperli, Tiziano Schepis, Mehdi Namdar, Pascal Koepfli, Patrick T. Siegrist, Philipp A. Kaufmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

To define the impact of attenuation correction (AC) on interpretation of perfusion abnormalities induced by left bundle branch block (LBBB) in myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).Thirty-six patients with spontaneous and 12 with pacemaker (PM)-induced LBBB (mean age 68.6 +/- 9.7) underwent gated 1-day adenosine stress/rest Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT on a hybrid SPECT-CT dual-head detector camera with Hawkeye facility (Infinia, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). Images were analyzed using iterative reconstruction (IR) and AC by computerized tomography (IR-AC) and compared with filtered back protection (FBP) as a standard of reference. Defect extent and severity for the anterior, septal, apical, inferior, and lateral regions were assessed by computerized analysis. The combination of septal with anterior and/or apical perfusion defects was attributed to the typical LBBB-induced pattern.LBBB caused a typical perfusion pattern in 24 patients with spontaneous and in 10 with PM-induced LBBB, whereas MPI was normal in 14 patients. FBP revealed a partial reversibility of anterior (spontaneous LBBB) and apical-septal (spontaneous and PM-induced LBBB) defect severity. By IR-AC, LBBB caused comparable anteroseptal reversible perfusion defects (P < 0.05) but fixed apical defects. Apical-septal defect severity was higher and defect extent was larger in IR-AC compared with FBP (both P < 0.05). Defect extent was unchanged between rest and stress for both reconstructions.Spontaneous and PM-induced LBBB often induces typical perfusion defects in MPI at stress, partly reversible at rest. With IR-AC this typical pattern is more pronounced and less reversible, strengthening the confidence to discriminate such findings from ischemia.
Abstract 13624: MADIT II Risk Stratification Scheme Identifies Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients with High Mortality in a Non-Trial Setting
Authors: Niyada Naksuk, Selcuk Adabag
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: A post-hoc analysis of the MADIT II study showed that patients with a high MADIT II mortality risk score did not benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Whe...
Inhibition of the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by complement subcomponent C1q.
Authors: E H Rehmus, B M Greene, B A Everson, O D Ratnoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Hageman factor (HF, Factor XII) is activated by glass, collagen, and ellagic acid, and initiates blood coagulation via the intrinsic pathway. C1q inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation and adherence of platelets to glass, effects attributable to the collagen-like region of C1q. We examined the actions of C1q on HF activation. Incubation of C1q with HF before addition of HF-deficient plasma extended the activated partial thromboplastin time. Similarly, when glass tubes were coated with C1q before testing, the partial thromboplastin time of normal plasma was increased. C1q reduced the activation of HF by ellagic acid, as measured by the release of p-nitroaniline from the synthetic substrate H-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride, an effect inhibited by monoclonal anti-human C1q murine IgG and by digestion of C1q by collagenase. Thus, C1q inhibits activation of HF in vitro in clot-promoting and amidolytic assays and suggests a regulatory mechanism for the inhibition of coagulation.
Performance of Glucose Dehydrogenase–and Glucose Oxidase–Based Blood Glucose Meters at High Altitude and Low Temperature
Authors: Daniel Öberg, Claes-Göran Östenson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Blood glucose meters using the enzyme glucose oxidase (GO) have been proven unreliable at high altitude (1–6). A new test strip technology, based on the oxygen-insensitive enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GD), has been utilized by some manufacturers. Our hypothesis was that since oxygen is not involved in the reaction pathway of glucose dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase-based blood glucose meters would perform better than glucose oxidase-based meters at high altitude. To our knowledge, performance of glucose dehydrogenase-based meters at high altitude and low temperature has not been studied.

Five plasma-calibrated blood glucose meters were evaluated in this study, four glucose dehydrogenase based (GD1: Precision Xtra; GD2: Ascensia Contour; GD3: Accu-Chek Compact; and GD4: Freestyle) and one glucose oxidase …
A phase II, multicenter, open-label, 3-cohort trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vismodegib in operable basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Howard Sofen, Kenneth G. Gross, Leonard H. Goldberg, Harry Sharata, Tiffani K. Hamilton, Barbara Egbert, Benjamin Lyons, Jeannie Hou, Ivor Caro
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)

BackgroundVismodegib is approved for treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma.ObjectiveWe sought to characterize vismodegib efficacy and safety in operable basal cell carcinoma.MethodsPatients with new, operable, nodular basal cell carcinoma received vismodegib (150 mg/d) followed by excision and Mohs micrographic surgery to ensure clear margins. Cohort 1 received vismodegib for 12 weeks; cohort 2 received vismodegib for 12 weeks, then 24 weeks of observation before excision; and cohort 3 received vismodegib for 8 weeks on/4 weeks off/8 weeks on.ResultsIn all, 24 patients enrolled in cohort 1, and 25 in cohorts 2 and 3. Complete histologic clearance was achieved by 42%, 16%, and 44% of patients in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Muscle spasms (76%), alopecia (58%), and dysgeusia (50%) were the most frequent adverse events (AEs). Five (7%) patients discontinued treatment because of an AE. AE reversibility was evaluated in cohort 2 with 24 weeks of observation after treatment discontinuation.LimitationsNonrandomized, small cohort sizes, and short observation durations for some patients are limitations.ConclusionPrimary efficacy end points were not met (predefined complete histologic clearance rate: >50% in cohorts 1 and 3; >30% in cohort 2). Safety was comparable when dosed continuously versus intermittently. Posttreatment reversibility of vismodegib-related AEs was demonstrated. Vismodegib is approved for treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. We sought to characterize vismodegib efficacy and safety in operable basal cell carcinoma. Patients with new, operable, nodular basal cell carcinoma received vismodegib (150 mg/d) followed by excision and Mohs micrographic surgery to ensure clear margins. Cohort 1 received vismodegib for 12 weeks; cohort 2 received vismodegib for 12 weeks, then 24 weeks of observation before excision; and cohort 3 received vismodegib for 8 weeks on/4 weeks off/8 weeks on. In all, 24 patients enrolled in cohort 1, and 25 in cohorts 2 and 3. Complete histologic clearance was achieved by 42%, 16%, and 44% of patients in cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Muscle spasms (76%), alopecia (58%), and dysgeusia (50%) were the most frequent adverse events (AEs). Five (7%) patients discontinued treatment because of an AE. AE reversibility was evaluated in cohort 2 with 24 weeks of observation after treatment discontinuation. Nonrandomized, small cohort sizes, and short observation durations for some patients are limitations. Primary efficacy end points were not met (predefined complete histologic clearance rate: >50% in cohorts 1 and 3; >30% in cohort 2). Safety was comparable when dosed continuously versus intermittently. Posttreatment reversibility of vismodegib-related AEs was demonstrated.
A NOTE ON MULTIPLE ERUPTIVE XANTHOMA IN INFANTS: NAEVO-XANTHO-ENDOTHELIOMA (McDONAGH)
Authors: H. G. ADAMSON.
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article A NOTE ON MULTIPLE ERUPTIVE XANTHOMA IN INFANTS: NAEVO‐XANTHO‐ENDOTHELIOMA (McDONAGH) Get access H. G. ADAMSON. H. G. ADAMSON. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 7, 1 July 1936, Pages 366–370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10358.x Published: 01 July 1936
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Clinically Resistant Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Marisa Flores-Aguilar, Baruch D. Kuppermann, Jose I. Quiceno, Wayne M. Dankner, Dana G. Wolf, Edmund V. Capparelli, James D. Connor, Charles H. Sherwood, Steven Fullerton, John G. Gambertoglio, Stephen A. Spector, William R. Freeman
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)
Most Human Non-GCIMP Glioblastoma Subtypes Evolve from a Common Proneural-like Precursor Glioma
Authors: Tatsuya Ozawa, Markus Riester, Yu-Kang Cheng, Jason T. Huse, Massimo Squatrito, Karim Helmy, Nikki Charles, Franziska Michor, Eric C. Holland
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Abstract 555: 3D tumor models for the assessment of molecular targeted therapies
Authors: David Onion, Richard H. Argent, Rajendra Kumari, Amy Axel, Brett Hall, Susan A. Watson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It is becoming increasingly apparent that the interaction between the tumor and the surrounding stromal cells is critical to tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. These paracrine interactions can profoundly alter EMT profiles and modulate key growth factor signaling cascades which can lead to altered responsiveness to molecular targeted therapies such as EGF-R TKI inhibitors. We have developed a novel 3D tumor growth assay, where the paracrine interaction between tumor derived fibroblasts and epithelial cells are restored. Utilizing luminescent and fluorescent labeled cell populations we are able to monitor tumor-microenvironment driven tumor growth in the presence of targeted therapies in comparison to standard platinum dublet therapies. Primary tumor associated fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells drive growth and proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines of adenocarcinoma (A549, NCI-H358, NCI-H460) and squamous subtypes (SK-MES1, H226) as well as early stage disease (NCI-H322M). The paracrine interaction promotes 3D structure formation and invasion into laminin rich basement membrane extract. Cells grown in 3D assays show a slowed proliferation and lower sensitivity to anti-mitotic agents such as paclitaxel. As proof of concept we show that responsiveness to EGF-R TKI is significantly decreased in the presence of HGF secreting stromal cells irrespective of EGF-R and KRAS mutational status. The 3D growth assay provides a more tumor microenvironment relevant model for pre-clinical testing of molecular targeted therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 555. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-555
Listeria monocytogenes Meningitis in a Transplant Recipient
Authors: Edward E. Etheredge
Journal: JAMA (1975)

RENAL transplantation, which is performed in more than 120 institutions in this country, creates an enlarging patient population with susceptibility to infectious diseases that have been seen uncommonly except in association with debilitating conditions such as cancer and its chemotherapy. As increasing numbers of transplant recipients return for long-term care by an assortment of nephrologists, internists, urologists, and general surgeons, an awareness of the unusual infections to which they fall victim is required, as well as a reemphasis on the fact that they may have more than one major infection synchronously. We here report a case of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>meningitis that occurred concurrently with<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonitis in a transplant recipient. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old man in chronic renal failure received a renal allograft from his mother on May 6, 1973. After two severe rejections, his maintenance immunosuppression consisted of azathioprine, 250 mg/day, and methylprednisolone (Medrol), 90 mg/day.
Abstract A57: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4(CSPG4) Mediates Melanoma Cell Survival During PI3K and mTOR Inhibition
Authors: Sehrish Javaid, Leah E. Colvin Wanshura, Arkadiusz Z. Dudek
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Early development of resistance to therapy remains a major cause of cutaneous malignant melanoma treatment failure. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is robustly expressed in a majority of metastatic melanomas. Previous work has shown CSPG4 to promote MAPK, PI3K and FAK activation, suggesting that CSPG4 represents a potential avenue for oncogenic growth and cell survival in response to chemotherapy. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway regulates the cell growth and motility in the presence of nutrients. The inhibition of AKT and mTOR independently was shown to reduce the melanoma cell survival and enhanced the sensitivity of these cells to cisplatin. PF-05212384 (PKI-587) is a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor in clinical trials. We hereby report that the expression of CSPG4 on the melanoma cells caused them to become less responsive to the therapy with a dual PF-05212384. Material and methods: Melanoma cell lines that stably expressed CSPG4 were selected for this study. The expression of CSPG4 was knocked down by using lentivirus-transduced shRNA. Cell survival assays were performed to compare the inhibitory effects of the drug in CSPG4 expressing and non-expressing cell line. Wound healing migration assays were performed to examine the cell motility and migration. The activation of PI3K-mTOR pathway was analyzed by phosphorylation of downstream effectors for their activation using Western blotting. Results: Melanoma cells expressing active CSPG4 showed less sensitivity to the inhibitor. The average cell viability after treatment with maximum dose was 47.94% and 35.76% for CSPG4 positive 1205LU and WM1341D melanoma cell lines respectively, while the CSPG4 negative WM1552C showed an average cell viability of 19.07%. The difference in cell viability was statistically significant.(p&amp;lt;α=0.05)for higher doses. The suppression of CSPG4 using the shRNA sensitized the CSPG4 positive cell lines to the PI3K/mTOR inhibition. (p&amp;lt;α=0.05). The maximum effect was seen in the WM1341D where the cell viability was reduced at maximum dose to 26.30% as compared to 50% in non-targeting shRNA transduced control. The CSPG4 positive cell lines resisted the deactivation of p70Sk, a downstream effector of mTOR and had enhanced phosphorylation of transcription repressor 4E-BP1.At higher doses the cleavage of caspase to its activated forms, which is necessary for execution of apoptosis was reduced in the CSPG4 positive cell lines. The CSPG4 positive cells showed more motility as compared to the controls. Conclusion: This data supports the hypothesis that the CSPG4 is involved in inducing resistance in melanoma cells in response to the therapeutic challenge with the dual PI3k/mTOR inhibitor. The study highlights the need of using multiple treatment strategies to treat melanoma.
RENAL COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING SULFATHIAZOLE THERAPY
Authors: TRAVIS WINSOR
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Since the introduction of the thiazole derivatives of sulfanilamide by Fosbinder and Walter1in 1939, renal complications following the use of sulfathiazole have been observed in the experimental animal and to a limited extent in the treated patient. Only 23 instances have appeared in the literature in which sulfathiazole produced apparent renal damage in the human being; in 21 instances there was hematuria, in 7 there was nitrogen retention, and in 2 sulfathiazole was the probable cause of death.  Garvin2treated 54 patients for pneumonia, using 10.0 Gm. of sulfathiazole daily, a dose necessary to maintain a blood sulfathiazole level of 5.8 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters. Of these patients 14.8 per cent had gross or microscopic hematuria. One developed renal colic. Abernethy,3treating 31 patients with pneumonia, used 40 Gm. of sulfathiazole orally over a period of seven to ten days. One developed hematuria and another
The Heart and Circulation Under Stress of Olympic Conditions
Authors: Roy J. Shephard
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The nature and extent of the stresses imposed upon the heart and circulation by Olympic competition varies markedly with the type of event. It is thus helpful to make an arbitrary classification of some of the main Olympic contests on the basis of the dominant physiological requirements (Table 1). The atmosphere of competition imposes an intense psychological stress upon all contestants, and this necessarily acts upon the cardiovascular system. However, psychological stress is greater during anticipation of exercise than during actual performance. Other factors being equal, the cardiovasular effects of psychological stress are thus likely to be greatest in brief repetitive events (categories 4 and 1 of Table 1). All forms of exercise tend to increase the systolic blood pressure. However, certain types of circulatory strain seem related to the mean rather than to the systolic pressure. Elevation of the mean systemic pressure is a particular feature of sustained isometric
Origin of Heart Sounds as Elucidated by Analysis of the Sequence of Cardiodynamic Events
Authors: EUGENE BRAUNWALD, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Evidence for the valvular origin of the first heart sound was obtained by simultaneous phonocardiograms and pressure pulses from the left atrium and left ventricle in patients with mitral stenosis. It was consistently observed that the first heart sound begins at the time of mitral valve closure, significantly after the onset of left ventricular contraction. Hemodynamic observations which explain the splitting of heart sounds in the normal and in diseased states were briefly reviewed.
Role of the Private Foundations in Medicine
Authors: Alexander Robertson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE responsibility of the foundations, in medicine as in any other activity in which they engage, is, like that of the universities, "to anticipate the future."11 It has long been one of the working theses of foundations that, whereas public monies cannot be used to experiment, private monies can. It is presumably to provide for one type of agency possessing such freedom that the foundations have been granted, through tax exemption, the exceptionally privileged position that they hold. At a time when, in health and medicine alone, the federal Government and other public agencies are spending hundreds of millions of . . .
EPIDEMIC STREPTOCOCCUS LARYNGITIS
Authors: H. Tilley, D. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1935)

VERTIGO IAJ~NL difficult to accept the view that waterlogging of the body should affect the labyrinth on one side only.It is reasonable to expect that both labyrinths would be in- volved and, being symmetrical, vertigo should not occur.Again vertigo is not a symptom in cases of dropsy sub- sequent to renal and cardiac disease.However, Mygind and Dida Dederding are in favour of the theory of waterlogging.Palliative Treatment Palliative treatment was carried out in the greater number of these cases.Rest in bed and the exclusion of
The Saatchi gamble that law will drive creativity in medicine
Authors: S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Surely it is reckless to interfere with something that “works.”1 Rawlins’s logic seems to be that there is no legal impediment to innovation; there is “anecdotal” evidence of fear of law; and therefore we need more law (rather than simple reassurance, clear information, and financial stimulation).

This bill is the wrong prescription for a badly formulated diagnosis. Bad doctors …
P166Extracellular RNA in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: prevention of heart failure and cell damage by RNase1
Authors: H A Cabrera-Fuentes, M Ruiz-Meana, S Kostin, S Lecour, DJ Hausenloy, DJ Garcia-Dorado, KD Schluter, KT Preissner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Despite optimal therapy, the morbidity and mortality of patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (MI) remain significant. Extracellular RNA (eRNA), exposed after cell damage, serves as cofactor for coagulation proteases and cytokines thereby promoting their procoagulant and proinflammatory functions in vivo. Following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice or I/R induced in the isolated Langendorff heart, increased eRNA levels were found together with cell injury markers. Likewise, eRNA was released from cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and subsequently induced tumor-necrosis-factor-a (TNF-α) liberation by activation of TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) and provoked cardiomyocyte death. Conversely, TNF-a promoted eRNA release especially under hypoxia, feeding a vicious cell damaging cycle during I/R. Administration of RNase1 or TAPI (TACE-inhibitor) prevented cell death and myocardial infarction. Likewise, RNase1 significantly reduced I/R-mediated energy exhaustion, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) as well as oxidative damage in cardiomyocytes. Together, RNase1 as well as inhibition of TACE provide novel therapeutic regimen to interfere with the adverse eRNA-TNF-a interplay and significantly reduce or prevent the pathological outcome of ischemic heart injury.
994 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SORAFENIB IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND PRIOR ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY: A SUBANALYSIS FROM THE SHARP TRIAL
Authors: P. Galle, J. Blanc, J.-L. Van Laethem, J. Marrero, M. Beaugrand, M. Moscovici, M. Shan, A. Nadel, D. Voliotis, J. Bruix, J.M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
New Bougie Applicator System for Intraluminal “High Dose Rate” Afterloading Radiotherapy of Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: C. Ell, J. Hochberger, R. Fietkau, T. Schneider, M. Schmitt, E. G. Hahn
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Applicators used to date in endoluminal “high dose rate” (HDR) afterloading (AL) radiotherapy of esophageal carcinoma consist of hollow plastic probes with an average thickness of 4 mm (1.8-5.0 mm), the diameter of which, however, often strongly deviates from that of the lumen of the tumor stenosis. Consequently, the probe can occupy an excentric position in the esophagus. Exact dosimetry in the tumor region thus becomes virtually impossible, since the dose of the iridium emitter drops significantly with increasing distance (> 60 % at a distance of 5 mm from the surface of the 4 mm probe). The bougie-type afterloading applicators developed by our group, however, offer a number of distinct advantages in comparison to conventional applicator probes: 1. Precise positioning of the applicator in the stenosis with simultaneous bougie effect. 2. Exact centering of the radiation source in the lumen of the esophagus. 3. Individual adaptation of the applicator size to the diameter of the residual lumen resulting from the tumor. 4. Upon patient-specific adaptation of the radiation exposure period, a distinct reduction of the surface (mucosa) dose is achieved together with simultaneous enhancement of the depth effect of radiotherapy treatment. Using these new afterloading bougies in over 150 treatment sessions involving 55 patients, no complications were thus far observed.