tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of caffeine on force development and force-frequency relations in cat and rat heart muscle
Authors: A. H. HENDERSON, D. L. BRUTSAERT, R. FORMAN, E. H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

The effects of caffeine on isometric force development and force-frequency relationships were compared in cat and rat papillary muscle preparations. The frequency of contraction determined whether caffeine augmented or diminished contractile force in cat muscles, but caffeine depressed contractions under all conditions in rat muscles. The time course of contraction and relaxation was slowed in both species by 10 mM caffeine but slightly abbreviated by 1 mM caffeine in the rat. The onset of the effects of caffeine was equally rapid in both species. Caffeine abolished post extrasystolic potentiation in both species and caused paradoxical post extrasystolic depression in rat muscles.
Characterization of human T cells reactive with the Mycoplasma arthritidis-derived superantigen (MAM): generation of a monoclonal antibody against V beta 17, the T cell receptor gene product expressed by a large fraction of MAM-reactive human T cells.
Authors: S M Friedman, M K Crow, J R Tumang, M Tumang, Y Q Xu, A S Hodtsev, B C Cole, D N Posnett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

While all known microbial superantigens are mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), the functional response induced by Mycoplasma arthritidis-derived superantigen (MAM) is unique in that MAM stimulation of PBL consistently results in T cell-dependent B cell activation characterized by polyclonal IgM and IgG production. These immunostimulatory effects of MAM on the humoral arm of the human immune system warranted a more precise characterization of MAM-reactive human T cells. Using an uncloned MAM reactive human T cell line as immunogen, we have generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb) (termed C1) specific for the T cell receptor V beta gene expressed by the major fraction of MAM-reactive human T cells, V beta 17. In addition, a V beta 17- MAM-reactive T cell population exists, assessed by MAM, induced T cell proliferation and cytotoxic T cell activity. mAb C1 will be useful in characterizing the functional properties of V beta 17+ T cells and their potential role in autoimmune disease.
Effects of transforming growth factor beta s and basic fibroblast growth factor on articular chondrocytes obtained from immobilised rabbit knees.
Authors: R Okazaki, A Sakai, T Nakamura, N Kunugita, T Norimura, K Suzuki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To clarify the effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), TGF beta 2, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on cell proliferation and proteoglycan (PG) synthesis in articular chondrocytes obtained from immobilised rabbit knees.The right knees of rabbits were immobilised in full extension for up to 42 days using fiberglass casts. Specimens for histology were stained with safranin O. Chondrocytes were isolated from the weight bearing regions of the femur and tibia of the immobilised knees and cultured with combinations of growth factors. Cell proliferation and PG synthesis were determined by 3H-thymidine and 35S-sulphate incorporations.Histological study revealed loss of metachromasia in the articular cartilage at seven days, fissuring and cell clusters at 28 days, and loss of cartilage layers 42 days after immobilisation. Radioisotope assay of the chondrocytes revealed no remarkable change in DNA synthesis in the presence of either TGF beta 1 or TGF beta 2 alone. bFGF markedly stimulated cell proliferation in specimens obtained 0 to seven days after immobilisation. The combination of either TGF beta 1 or TGF beta 2 with bFGF had a synergistic effect, inducing significant increases in DNA synthesis four, seven, and 14 days after immobilisation. PG synthesis by chondrocytes from immobilised joints was not significantly altered by these agents.TGF beta 1 or TGF beta 2 in combination with bFGF exert synergistic effects on cell proliferation in articular chondrocytes obtained from the rabbit knee during the early days after immobilisation by a cast. These results suggest a critical role of cytokine combinations in the development of articular cartilage degeneration after immobilisation.
An Unusual Complication Following Intubation of a Benign Oesophageal Stricture
Authors: C. Power, M. Rynne, T. O’Gorman, D. Maguire, O. J. McAnena
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Stenting of benign oesophageal strictures is feasible, but we are unclear as to the potential for complications in the long term, especially following distal stent migration. We report a fatal complication which occurred many years after placement that argues for the retrieval of all dislodged stents.
Gas exchange by intratracheal insufflation in a ventilatory failure dog model.
Authors: N Gavriely, D Eckmann, J B Grotberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Respiratory insufficiency patients who need only partial ventilatory support are, nevertheless, intubated and connected to a respirator. In search of a partial respiratory assistance method we evaluated the gas exchange, mechanisms, and hemodynamic effects of intratracheal insufflation (ITI) via a narrow (0.2-cm) catheter. The effects of flow rate (0.05-0.2 liter/min per kg), catheter tip position (carina, bronchus, and trachea), and superimposed chest vibration at 22 Hz were studied in seven anesthetized and partially paralyzed dogs. ITI in the carina induced CO2 removal (VCO2) of 48 +/- 16 ml/min in the periods between breaths, which was 39% of the control VCO2. CO2 removal rates between breaths with ITI in a bronchus and in the trachea were 63 and 28% of control, respectively (P < 0.05). ITI at 0.15-0.2 liter/min per kg augmented total VCO2 by > 50% over control (P < 0.05) and decreased PaCO2 by 10% (P < 0.05) despite a 28% fall in VE and 32% lower work of breathing (P < 0.05). Adding vibration to ITI at 0.15 liter/min per kg induced VCO2 of 162 +/- 34 ml/min, which was significantly greater than control, while PaCO2 fell from 69 +/- 24 to 47 +/- 6 mmHg (P < 0.05), despite complete cessation of spontaneous breathing. ITI with or without vibration did not cause any hemodynamic changes, except for a fall in the shunt fraction from 14.6 +/- 9.9% to 5.8 +/- 2.8% with vibration. Thus, ITI at low flow rates can support respiration with no hemodynamic side effects. Adding chest vibration further enhances gas exchange and can provide total ventilation.
The Roentgen Rays in Detecting False and True Gems.
Authors: Harry E. Small
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Sterling, Ill., April 21, 1902.  To the Editor:  —About one year ago, in conjunction with a local jeweler, I exposed a number of gems, both real and imitation, to the x-rays. On developing the plate, we found that the image or shadow of the real gems was very dim and indistinct, while the shadow of the false gems was dark and very sharp, showing a well-marked difference in all instances; on carrying the experiments further we found that the shadows of all the stones we examined—and we examined all the more familiar ones—were invariably faint and indistinct, while the shadows of all the imitation ones were well marked and bold. We paid no particular attention to these experiments, as. while neither of us had ever seen any mention of this use of the Roentgen rays, we thought that surely some persons had made this discovery before. But now after a
How will the hospital service be provided in future? Concern expressed about GMC's performance procedures Minister agrees to discussions on the staff grade BMA meets health secretary on savings exercise Getting on to the specialist register GPs' staff should have NHS pensions Doctors' careers services should be properly funded Minister rejects bill on patient confidentiality Final guidance on NHS complaints procedure issued
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# How will the hospital service be provided in future? {#article-title-2}

The future organisation of the hospital service has been the subject of several recent reports and last week the Joint Consultants Committee held a half day seminar to stimulate discussion on the subject.

According to the chairman of the Central Consultants and Specialists Committee, Mr James Johnson, there would be several advantages in the proposal for megahospitals serving between 50000 and two million people. There would be an appropriate number of subspecialists, there would be many facilities on one site, and there would be no problem with out of hours cover. On the other hand, there would be enormous logistical problems and many hospitals would have to close, doctors would have to change the way they worked, and there would be problems of patient acceptability. If the model of one major hospital providing the majority of services with several smaller local hospitals—perhaps with some of the smaller specialties being concentrated in them—was adopted Mr Johnson said that it would be important for them all to form one trust. He feared that otherwise there would be two grades of consultant.

The CCSC is looking at the future of the district general hospital and this will be the subject of debate at the consultants' conference on 6 June. Mr Johnson said that the present district general hospitals were of a manageable size—serving between 150000 and 380000—and were acceptable to patients. The pressures on the hospitals were the trends towards subspecialisation, the destructive effects of competition between them, and the threat of the private finance initiative. The CCSC chairman warned that this could lead to a proliferation of NHS units providing a day service for specific conditions. The comprehensive nature of the district general hospital would be lost.

Most people now agreed that more doctors were needed, the president of the Royal College …
Selective expression of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity in human lymphoblast lines.
Authors: M J Losman, D Rimon, M Kim, M A Becker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Phenotypic expression of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase superactivity was examined in lymphoblast lines derived from six unrelated male patients. Fibroblasts from these individuals have increased rates of PRPP and purine nucleotide synthesis and express four classes of kinetic derangement underlying enzyme superactivity: increased maximal reaction velocity (catalytic defect); inhibitor resistance (regulatory defect); increased substrate affinity (substrate binding defect); and combined catalytic and regulatory defects. Lymphoblast lines from three patients with catalytic defects and from three normal individuals were indistinguishable with respect to enzyme activities, PRPP concentrations and generation, and rates of purine synthesis. Enzyme in lymphoblasts from a patient with combined defects also showed normal maximal reaction velocity but expressed purine nucleotide inhibitor resistance. A second regulatory defect and a substrate binding defect were also demonstrable in lymphoblasts and were identical to the enzyme defects in fibroblasts from the respective patients. Regulatory and substrate binding defects in lymphoblasts were accompanied by increased rates of PRPP and purine nucleotide synthesis. Among explanations for selective expression of enzyme superactivity, reduced concentrations of catalytically superactive enzymes seemed unlikely: immunoreactive PRPP synthetase was comparable in normal-derived and patient-derived cells. Activation of normal enzyme in transformed lymphocytes was also unlikely because absolute specific activities of lymphoblast PRPP synthetases corresponded to those of normal fibroblast and erythrocyte enzymes. Abnormal electrophoretic mobilities and thermal stabilities, identified in certain catalytically superactive fibroblast PRPP synthetases, were not found in the corresponding lymphoblast enzymes. Thus, lymphoblast PRPP synthetases from patients with catalytic superactivity appeared to differ structurally and functionally from their fibroblast counterparts.
Drug Spotlight Program
Authors: J. KIFFIN PENRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The use of antiepileptic drugs has become increasingly effective through several factors: new techniques that allow better diagnosis of the seizure disorder and its underlying cause; the development of new medications and increased knowledge of old ones; and the widespread use of antiepileptic drug-level determinations. The choice of a drug depends heavily on an accurate diagnosis of seizure type, which may determine the response to the medication. Because of better diagnostic criteria and intensive monitoring procedures, the correct seizure disorder can be more easily diagnosed and, therefore, the proper medication selected. Minimal efficacious and toxic blood concentrations have now been identified for most antiepileptic drugs. Several, including primidone, carbamazepine, methsuximide, and mephenytoin, have pharmacologically active metabolites that affect both the toxicity and efficacy of the prescribed drug and can now be measured in the plasma. The most effective use of the antiepileptic drugs depends on a combination of reliable blood level measurements, clinical observation, and knowledge of their pharmacokinetics and biotransformation.
Dominant oculo-cutaneous albinism
Authors: T.B. Fitzpatrick, K. Jimbow, D.D. Donaldson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Dominant oculo‐cutaneous albinism Get access T.B. Fitzpatrick, T.B. Fitzpatrick Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Jimbow, K. Jimbow Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.D. Donaldson D.D. Donaldson Departments of Dermatology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Page 23, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12488.x Published: 01 July 1974
MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction
Authors: Gaetano M. Bergamaschi, Massimo Primignani, Giovanni Barosi, Federica M. Fabris, Laura Villani, Raffaella Reati, Alessandra Dell'Era, Pier M. Mannucci
Journal: Blood (2008)
Determination of Mitral Valve Area by Cross-Sectional Echocardiography
Authors: L. S. Wann, Arthur E. Weyman, Harvey Feigenbaum, James C. Dillon, K. W. Johnston, Reginald C. Eggleton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Cross-sectional echocardiograms of the mitral valve orifice were recorded in 37 patients with mitral stenosis. Twenty-seven had pure mitral stenosis, and 10 had associated mitral regurgitation. Mitral valve area in patients with pure mitral stenosis measured from cross-sectional echocardiography was highly correlated (r = 0.89) with that calculated with the Gorlin formula using the pressure gradient and Fick cardiac output. With mitral regurgitation, mitral valve area by cross-sectional echocardiography correlated well (r = 0.90) with that calculated from the pressure gradient and cineangiographic stroke output. In two cases, direct pathologic measurements of mitral valve area agreed exactly with the cross-sectional echocardiographic measurement. Correlation between the mitral E-F slope and mitral valve area by cross-sectional echocardiography (r = 0.56) and catheterization (r = 0.49) was less reliable. Cross-sectional echocardiographic measurement of the mitral valve area correlates well with catheterization in patients with pure mitral stenosis and those with associated regurgitation.
TCT-657 Effect of the Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold (BVS) on Features of Neoatherosclerosis in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine at 1-Year Follow-Up As Assessed by In Vivo Imaging
Authors: Masahiko Shibuya, Yanping Cheng, Qing Wang, LAURA E. Perkins, Alexander Sheehy, Jenn McGregor, Carlos A. Gongora, James J. Benham, Byron Lambert, Dan Cox, Greg L. Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Portal Blood Flow in Cirrhosis of the Liver*
Authors: Augusto H. Moreno, Albert R. Burchell, Louis M. Rousselot, William F. Panke, S. Frederick Slafsky, Jean H. Burke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Direct measurements of portal flow and pressure in a relatively large number of patients with cirrhosis show a marked reduction in flow associated with a nearly constant plateau of portal pressure. This lack of correlation indicates the complex relationships of resistances in the splanchnic, collateral, and hepatic circuits determining the division of the available splanchnic flow between the portal vein and the collateral pathways. Subtracting the measured portal flow from well-established estimates of total hepatic blood flow in cirrhosis suggests that the hepatic artery contributes more than one-half of the blood perfusing the cirrhotic liver. There was no instance of retrograde portal flow during the preshunt measurements, although such reversal was frequent after side-to-side portacaval anastomosis. Attempting to explain the plateau of portal pressure in the face of an increasing outflow resistance presumably associated with progress of the disease, we postulate that an augmented inflow resistance to the splanchnic chamber reduces splanchnic flow in cirrhosis. End-to-side portacaval anastomosis did not return normal portal flow, although it decreased pressure to accepted control levels. The assumption is that most of the splanchnic blood was flowing through the shunt, leading to a high splanchnic resistance in the immediate postshunt status. If this resistance was previously elevated, as suggested by the plateau of portal pressure, the mechanism responsible for the elevation was not immediately deactivated after the shunt, and the true effect of the operation upon splanchnic flow may not be measurable at such time. Respiratory oscillations were a significant component of portal flow in cirrhosis before and after portacaval anastomosis, indicating the limitations of any steady state analysis of the circulatory derangement in cirrhosis.
Interstitial lung disease, a common manifestation of newly diagnosed polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: M Fathi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To estimate the prevalence and predictors of interstitial lung disease in newly diagnosed polymyositis and dermatomyositis.A prospective study in which consecutive patients with newly diagnosed poly- and dermatomyositis, regardless of clinical symptoms of pulmonary disease, were investigated with chest x ray, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary function tests, and biochemical and autoantibody analysis. Patients with inclusion body myositis, malignancy, other defined inflammatory connective tissue diseases (CTDs), or antibody profile indicating other CTDs were excluded.Between March 1998 and September 2000, 26 new cases of poly- or dermatomyositis were diagnosed; 17 of those patients were included in the study. Interstitial lung disease (ILD), defined as radiological signs on chest x ray examination/HRCT or restrictive ventilatory defect, were found in 11 (65%) patients and were more common in men than in women. Arthritis and occurrence of anti-Jo-1 antibodies were found more often in patients with ILD than in those without. There was no statistically significant association between respiratory symptoms, other serological or laboratory variables and ILD.ILD is a common early manifestation in patients with poly- and dermatomyositis and is not always related to clinical symptoms. Chest x ray examination, HRCT, pulmonary function tests, and analysis of anti-Jo-1 antibodies should be included in the initial investigation of patients with myositis regardless of respiratory symptoms.
Airway Fibroblasts in Asthma Manifest an Invasive Phenotype
Authors: Jennifer L. Ingram, Molly J. Huggins, Tony D. Church, Yuejuan Li, Dave C. Francisco, Simone Degan, Rafael Firszt, Denise M. Beaver, Njira L. Lugogo, Ying Wang, Mary E. Sunday, Paul W. Noble, Monica Kraft
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Invasive cell phenotypes have been demonstrated in malignant transformation, but not in other diseases, such as asthma. Cellular invasiveness is thought to be mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). IL-13 is a key TH2 cytokine that directs many features of airway remodeling through TGF-β1 and MMPs.Objectives: We hypothesized that, in human asthma, IL-13 stimulates increased airway fibroblast invasiveness via TGF-β1 and MMPs in asthma compared with normal controls.Methods: Fibroblasts were cultured from endobronchial biopsies in 20 subjects with mild asthma (FEV1: 90 ± 3.6% pred) and 17 normal control subjects (FEV1: 102 ± 2.9% pred) who underwent bronchoscopy. Airway fibroblast invasiveness was investigated using Matrigel chambers. IL-13 or IL-13 with TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody or pan-MMP inhibitor (GM6001) was added to the lower chamber as a chemoattractant. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were performed in a subset of subjects to evaluate IL-13 receptor levels.Measurements and Main Results: IL-13 significantly stimulated invasion in asthmatic airway fibroblasts, compared with normal control subjects. Inhibitors of both TGF-β1 and MMPs blocked IL-13–induced invasion in asthma, but had no effect in normal control subjects. At baseline, in airway tissue, IL-13 receptors were expressed in significantly higher levels in asthma, compared with normal control subjects. In airway fibroblasts, baseline IL-13Rα2 was reduced in asthma compared with normal control subjects.Conclusions: IL-13 potentiates airway fibroblast invasion through a mechanism involving TGF-β1 and MMPs. IL-13 receptor subunits are differentially expressed in asthma. These effects may result in IL-13–directed airway remodeling in asthma.
Scintigraphic Features of Cavernous Transformation of the Portal Vein
Authors: HEIDI S. WEISSMANN, SEYMOUR SPRAYREGEN, LEROY A. SUGARMAN, LEONARD M. FREEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

A case of portal vein obstruction with cavernous transformation is presented, in which findings on both Tc-99m-sulfur colloid and HIDA liver scintigrams suggested the diagnosis. These findings included a focal hyperconcentration of colloid on the former and notching of the common bile duct as well as “draping” of the right hepatic duct on the latter. All of these findings were shown at angiography and surgery to be secondary to extensive venous collateral vessels related to portal vein obstruction.
958-97 Analysis of Heart Rate Variability may Predict Efficacy of Metoprolol in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia During Daily Life
Authors: Jan Brouwer, Jan W. Viersma, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Arie J. Man in ‘t Veld, Pieter Sijbring, Jaap Haaksma, W. Arnold Dijk, Kong I. Lie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL STRAIN BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE-TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS: A NORMATIVE STUDY
Authors: Denisa Muraru, Umberto Cucchini, Seena Padayattil-Josè, Sorina Mihaila, Marcelo Miglioranza, Diletta Peluso, Antonella Cecchetto, Simona Casablanca, Sabino Iliceto, Luigi Badano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)