tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Future Roles of Subspecialists
Authors: Lynn O. Langdon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Future Roles of SubspecialistsLynn O. Langdon, MS, Harry R. Kimball, MD, and Phillip P. Toskes, MDLynn O. Langdon, MSAmerican Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610Search for more papers by this author, Harry R. Kimball, MDAmerican Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610Search for more papers by this author, and Phillip P. Toskes, MDAmerican Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00044 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Seligman that subspecialty investigators must have skills that differ from those of their clinician colleagues. For this reason, the Board has recommended that subspecialty training encompass different training pathways focused on these two career goals. The investigator pathway, which is longer than the clinical pathway, must allow individual investigators to develop their own unique expertise. The length of time required for this varies—a lifetime is sometimes not long enough. However, the Board believes that 3 years of research training comprise the minimum needed to launch a career as an investigator. In addition, program directors ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 524-525KeywordsBiostatisticsClinical epidemiologyForecastingMedical educationResearch designResearch ethicsSub-specialty care Issue Published: 15 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
IMPROVED CHALAZION FORCEPS
Authors: Samuel W. Green
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The advantages of this revised instrument are many. It enables the operator to complete a chalazion operation more speedily and safely, and with no resulting postoperative trauma to lids.  The locking device is regulated with three notches to enable the operator to regulate the tension on different lids and also to hold the instrument on the lid, especially if the operator wishes to pick up another instrument and an assistant is not present to hand it to him. It saves the task of eversions of the lid so many times, as was experienced with the older instruments when they slipped from the lessening of tension by the operator's fingers. It will also be noted that the ring is larger than the disk of the instrument. This has been made so as to avoid the strangulation of the lid tissues, which was too often a result from the older instruments because
Exome sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma identifies recurrent somatic mutations in cell adhesion and chromatin remodeling genes
Authors: Zhi Jiang Zang, Ioana Cutcutache, Song Ling Poon, Shen Li Zhang, John R. Mcpherson, Jiong Tao, Vikneswari Rajasegaran, Hong Lee Heng, Niantao Deng, Anna Gan, Kiat Hon Lim, Choon Kiat Ong, Da Chuan Huang, Sze Yung Chin, Iain Beehuat Tan, Cedric Chuan Young Ng, Willie Yu, Yingting Wu, Minghui Lee, Jeanie Wu, Dianne Poh, Wei Keat Wan, Sun Young Rha, Jimmy So, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Khay Guan Yeoh, Wai Keong Wong, Yi Jun Zhu, P. Andrew Futreal, Brendan Pang, Yijun Ruan, Axel M. Hillmer, Denis Bertrand, Niranjan Nagarajan, Steve Rozen, Bin Tean Teh, Patrick Tan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Many hospices provide care for any patient with advanced incurable disease
Authors: S. M W Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Telling patients there is nothing wrong Randomised controlled trials are needed EDrroR,-It is still unclear from the literature whether investigative tests reassure patients with anxieties about the presence of serious disease.' 2 Ray Fitzpatrick discusses some of the possible reasons for this, including psychiatric morbidity, poor communication, and the "wild card effects" mentioned in the study by I G McDonald and colleagues.3Other psychological processes in patients are
Combating Child Malnutrition
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Energy-dense food supplements provided to children at risk of malnutrition has little effect on weight gain but can improve linear growth and hemoglobin status as well as reduce the incidence of illness, according to a study from Belgian researchers (Huybregts L et al. PLoS Med. 2012;9[9]:e1001313).
NOTES ON TRACHEOTOMY, WITH CASES.
Authors: W. H. MYER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in the Tri-State Medical Society, September, 1883.] “It is not new facts that avail, but the heat to dissoive everybody's facts.”—Emerson. FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIR PASSAGES. I will not discuss the nature of the bodies introduced, how introduced, nor the somptoms developed by their presence; but the prognosis, and that only so far as it refers to the effects. Of the operation itself I have only this to say: It should not exist—at any rate in the professional mind—as a<i>dernier resort</i>, for this would delay the surgical treatment, and the prognosis would be accordingly extremely grave, believing with Trousseau that “there is an imperative duty imposed upon the practitioner of performing tracheotomy as obligatory as tying the carotid artery when that vessel has been wounded, although death quite as often as recovery follows the operation.” I will further urge the propriety of<i>early</i>operation in all cases
Evaluation of dermal and respiratory chloroform exposure in humans.
Authors: B Lévesque, P Ayotte, A LeBlanc, E Dewailly, D Prud'Homme, R Lavoie, S Allaire, P Levallois
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Chloroform is a known contaminant of chlorinated drinking water and of swimming pool water disinfected with chlorine or one of its derivatives. Few data exist regarding the importance of dermal and inhalation exposure routes to the chloroform body burden resulting from domestic and recreational use of chlorinated water. In our experimental study involving 11 male swimmers, we quantified the body burden resulting from exposure to various concentrations of chloroform in water and air of an indoor swimming pool, during a daily 55-min exercise period. From the first to the sixth exercise period, CHCl3 mean concentration in water was increased from 159 micrograms/l to 553 micrograms/l. Corresponding mean air CHCl3 level ranged from 597 ppb to 1630 ppb. To dissociate the dermal exposure route from that of inhalation, swimmers used scuba tanks during an additional exercise period. Chloroform concentrations were measured in alveolar air before and after each exercise period, as well as after 35 min of physical activity. Chloroform levels in water and air were measured every 10 min. We examined the relationship between alveolar air concentration (a measure of body burden) at 35 and 55 min and environmental chloroform concentrations by using multiple regression models. The natural logarithm of alveolar air concentration was strongly correlated with aqueous chloroform concentration both at 35 (p2 &lt; 0.001, r2 = 0.75) and 55 min (p &lt; 0.001, r2 = 0.86). The relationship with air concentrations was also statistically significant (35 min: p &lt; 0.001, r2 = 0.58, 55 min: p &lt; 0.001, r2 = 0.63).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reverse engineering of TLX oncogenic transcriptional networks identifies RUNX1 as tumor suppressor in T-ALL
Authors: Giusy Della Gatta, Teresa Palomero, Arianne Perez-Garcia, Alberto Ambesi-Impiombato, Mukesh Bansal, Zachary W Carpenter, Kim De Keersmaecker, Xavier Sole, Luyao Xu, Elisabeth Paietta, Janis Racevskis, Peter H Wiernik, Jacob M Rowe, Jules P Meijerink, Andrea Califano, Adolfo A Ferrando
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Discontinuation of antidepressants in people with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms (DESEP study): double blind, randomised, parallel group, placebo controlled trial
Authors: S. Bergh, G. Selbaek, K. Engedal
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effect of discontinuing antidepressant treatment in people with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms. <b>Design</b> Double blind, randomised, parallel group, placebo controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Norwegian nursing homes; residents recruited by 16 study centres in Norway from August 2008 to June 2010. <b>Participants</b> 128 patients with Alzheimer's disease, dementia or vascular dementia, and neuropsychiatric symptoms (but no depressive disorder), who had been prescribed escitalopram, citalopram, sertraline, or paroxetine for three months or more. We excluded patients with severe somatic disease or terminal illness, or who were unable to take tablets or capsules as prescribed. <b>Interventions</b> Antidepressant treatment was discontinued over one week in 63 patients, and continued in 68 patients. We assessed patients at baseline, four, seven, 13, and 25 weeks. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes were score differences between study groups in the Cornell scale of depression in dementia and the neuropsychiatric inventory (10 item version) after 25 weeks. Secondary outcomes were score differences in the clinical dementia rating scale, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, quality of life-Alzheimer's disease scale, Lawton and Brody's physical self maintenance scale, and severe impairment battery. <b>Results</b> Using a linear multilevel model analysis, we found that the discontinued group had significantly higher scores on the Cornell scale after 25 weeks than the continuation group (difference −2.89 (95% confidence interval −4.76 to −1.02); P=0.003). We saw a similar result in the mean total score for the neuropsychiatric inventory after 25 weeks, but this difference was non-significant (−5.96 (−12.35 to 0.44); P=0.068). We confirmed these results by non-response analysis (&gt;30% worsening on the Cornell scale)—significantly more patients worsened in the discontinuation group than in the continuation group (32 (54%) <i>v</i> 17 (29%); P=0.006). We found no significant differences between the groups for secondary outcomes. Forty seven (37%) patients withdrew from the study early. <b>Conclusions</b> Discontinuation of antidepressant treatment in patients with dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms leads to an increase in depressive symptoms, compared with those patients who continue with treatment. <b>Trial registration</b> ClinicalTrial.gov NCT00594269, EudraCT 2006-002790-43.
Physician–Industry Relations — Will Fewer Gifts Make a Difference?
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The most common industry payments to physicians have taken the form of gifts, such as meals, tickets to sporting or cultural events, and pens, mugs, and other tchotchkes that prominently feature the names of companies or their products.1 Although some physicians decline gifts from industry, meals and other goodies are an important component of the approximately $7 billion that drug companies spend annually on promotion to medical professionals in the United States. Billions more are spent in the provision of free samples and direct-to-consumer advertising. The gifts, however, are not really “free.” Even small gifts can influence physicians' behavior; they . . .
752. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Pseudotyped with the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G-Protein, Preferentially Targets Neural Precursors in the Adult Mouse Brain
Authors: Troy Ghashghaei, Manij Patel, John Olsen, Eva Anton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The ongoing neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain depends on mitotic activity of specialized stem cells in the subventricular zone. The majority of these stem cells have now been identified to have an astrocytic phenotype. Manipulation of these stem cells, especially through viral mediated gene transfer techniques, can be useful in a wide-range of experimental and potentially therapeutic settings. We used an Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV) to express Ehanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) in cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ). The virus, which was pseudotyped with the vesicular stomatitis virus G-protein (VSV-G), seemed to preferentially infect subset of glial fibrillary acidic protein expressing (GFAP+) astrocytic cells that line the ventricles. Furthermore, some of these cells may have given rise to migrating neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream, which eventually develop into interneurons in the olfactory bulb. The preferential targeting of GFAP+ astrocytes in the SVZ by the EIAV lentivirus is potentially useful for the molecular manipulation of these stem cells.
Colonoscopy completion rates: Should less successful endoscopists be removed or retrained?
Authors: Christiana Laban, Akil Elewa
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Ball et al report their low colonoscopy completion rates, performing an audit to identify areas for improvement.1 The use of audit in colonoscopy is invaluable and the points highlighted are undoubtedly relevant to other colonoscopy units.

The paper notes a considerable interoperator variation in completion rates (34% to 100%). They …
IgA class antibodies to hepatitis delta virus antigen in acute and chronic hepatitis delta virus infections
Authors: Ian G. McFarlane, Kanchan Chaggar, Susan E. Davies, Heather M. Smith, Graeme J. M. Alexander, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Sera from 31 patients with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and 18 patients with acute hepatitis delta virus infection were examined for IgA class antibodies to this virus using a newly developed enzyme immunoassay. IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus was detected in 21 (67.7%) of 31 patients with chronic delta viral hepatitis, but in only 1 (5.6%) of the 18 patients with acute infection (p less than 0.0005). Of the 21 patients with chronic delta hepatitis with IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus, 19 (90.5%) had moderate-to-severe activity on liver biopsy: 18 of the 21 had histological features of chronic active hepatitis and three had chronic lobular hepatitis. In all, 23 patients with chronic delta hepatitis had moderate-to-severe activity, and 19 (82.6%) had IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus. No statistically significant correlations were found between IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus and biochemical markers of liver injury (p greater than 0.4), or the presence of hepatitis delta virus antigen in liver biopsies (p greater than 0.2), in the patients with chronic delta hepatitis. The finding that IgA antibody to hepatitis D virus was almost exclusively associated with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection and correlated independently with moderate-to-severe histological activity (with a specificity of 90.5% and a sensitivity of 82.6%) suggests that this antibody might be a useful serological marker of underlying liver damage in chronic delta hepatitis.
Risks and Benefits of Insulin-like Growth Factor
Authors: Bartolome Burguera
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 October 1994Risks and Benefits of Insulin-like Growth FactorBartolome Burguera, MD, PhDBartolome Burguera, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-7-199410010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) conference [1] clearly and elegantly outlines the current understanding of the therapeutic use of IGF-I on growth deficits and diabetes.I was surprised, however, by the negative views on the potential use of IGF-I as an alternative to insulin in patients with extreme insulin resistance. Dr. Skarulis extensively discussed two abstracts: 1) a study of five patients in whom IGF-I did not increase the glucose infusion required to maintain euglycemic levels during an IGF-I infusion and 2) IGF-I treatment in a patient with the Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome who did not achieve ...References1. Bondy CA, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR, Guler HP, Bach MA, Skarulis M. Clinical uses of insulin-like growth factor I. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:593-601. Google Scholar2. Quin JD, Fisher BM, Paterson KR, Inoue A, Beastall GH, MacCuish AC. Acute response to recombinant insulin-like growth factor in a patient with Mendenhall's syndrome [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1990; 323:1425-6. Google Scholar3. Kuzuya H, Matsuura N, Sakamoto M, Makino H, Sakamoto Y, Kadowaki T, et al. Trial of insulin-like growth factor I therapy for patients with extreme insulin-resistance syndromes. Diabetes. 1993; 42:696-705. Google Scholar4. Usala AL, Madigan T, Burguera B, Sinha MK, Caro JF, Cunningham P, et al. Brief report: Treatment of insulin-resistant ketoacidosis with insulin-like growth factor I in an adolescent with insulin diabetes. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:853-7. Google Scholar5. Burguera B, Elton CW, Tapscott EB, Pories WJ, DiMarchi R, Sakano KI, et al. Stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin-like growth factor II in human muscle is not mediated by the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Biochem J. 1994; 300:781-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bartolome Burguera, MD, PhD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1994Volume 121, Issue 7 Page: 549-550 Keywords Glucose Hypoglycemics Insulin Insulin resistance Insulin-like growth factors Patients Proteins Routes of administration ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aortic Distensibility and Aortic Intima-Media Thickness in Patients without Clinical Manifestation of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Zafer Elbasan, Durmuş Yıldıray Şahin, Mustafa Gür, Gülhan Yüksel Kalkan, Ali Yıldız, Zekeriya Kaya, Ali Kıvrak, Gökhan Gözübüyük, İbrahim Özdoğru, Murat Çaylı
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Metronomic Cyclophosphamide and Capecitabine Combined With Bevacizumab in Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Silvia Dellapasqua, Francesco Bertolini, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Elisabetta Campagnoli, Eloise Scarano, Rosalba Torrisi, Yuval Shaked, Patrizia Mancuso, Aron Goldhirsch, Andrea Rocca, Elisabetta Pietri, Marco Colleoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Metronomic chemotherapy has shown efficacy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. When used in association with targeted antiangiogenic drugs, it was more active than metronomic therapy alone in preclinical and clinical studies.Patients with advanced breast cancer were candidates to receive metronomic oral capecitabine (500 mg thrice daily) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg daily) plus bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks).In 46 assessable patients, we observed one complete response (CR; 2%), 21 partial responses (PR; 46%), 19 patients (41%) with stable disease (SD), and five patients (11%) with progressive disease, for an overall response rate of 48% (95% CI, 33% to 63%). Additional long-term disease stabilization (SD > or = 24 weeks) occurred in eight patients, for an overall clinical benefit (CR + PR + SD > or = 24 weeks) of 68% (95% CI, 51% to 81%). Median time to progression was 42 weeks (95% CI, 26 to 72 weeks). Toxicity was generally mild. Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic adverse effects included hypertension (n = 8), transaminitis (n = 2), and nausea/vomiting (n = 2). Higher baseline circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were correlated with overall response (P = .02), clinical benefit (P = .01), and improved progression-free survival (P = .04).Treatment with metronomic capecitabine and cyclophosphamide in combination with bevacizumab was effective in advanced breast cancer and was minimally toxic. The number of baseline CECs significantly correlated with response and outcome, therefore supporting further studies on this surrogate marker for the selection of patients to be candidates for antiangiogenic treatments.
Uraemic pruritus responsive to broadband ultraviolet (UV) B therapy does not readily respond to narrowband UVB therapy
Authors: M.M-L. Hsu, C.C. Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Uraemic pruritus responsive to broadband ultraviolet (UV) B therapy does not readily respond to narrowband UVB therapy Get access M.M‐L. Hsu, M.M‐L. Hsu Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng‐Kung University, 138 Sheng‐Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan 704 E‐mail: a441224@mail.ncku.edu.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.C. Yang C.C. Yang Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng‐Kung University, 138 Sheng‐Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan 704 E‐mail: a441224@mail.ncku.edu.tw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 4, 1 October 2003, Pages 888–889, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05590.x Published: 01 October 2003
Pharmacologic Abrogation of the Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint by an Indolocarbazole Discovered by Cellular Screening Efficiently Kills Cancer Cells
Authors: Ailine Stolz, Celia Vogel, Verena Schneider, Norman Ertych, Anne Kienitz, Hongtao Yu, Holger Bastians
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The mitotic spindle checkpoint represents a signal transduction pathway that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned on a metaphase plate. Partial inactivation of this checkpoint allows premature separation of sister chromatids and results in aneuploidy, which might contribute to tumorigenesis. Unlike other cell cycle checkpoints, the spindle checkpoint is essential for cell viability, giving rise to the idea that the spindle checkpoint itself might represent a valuable target for anticancer therapy. We used a cell-based screen and identified the indolocarbazole compound Gö6976 as a pharmacologic inhibitor of the spindle checkpoint. Gö6976 potently overrides a spindle checkpoint–mediated mitotic arrest by abrogating the phosphorylation and kinetochore localization of several spindle checkpoint proteins. We identified the Aurora-A and Aurora-B kinases, which have been previously implicated in proper mitotic progression and spindle checkpoint function, as targets for Gö6976. Accordingly, Gö6976 treatment causes severe mitotic abnormalities and chromosome alignment defects, which are not properly detected by the drug-inactivated spindle checkpoint. This results in an aberrant progression of mitosis, leading to apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines, including spindle checkpoint–compromised cancer cells. Thus, our work describes a novel and promising strategy for anticancer treatment that targets the mitotic spindle checkpoint. [Cancer Res 2009;69(9):3874–83]
P2-218: A phase II study of daily gefitinib plus weekly paclitaxel (GP) in Taiwanese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who failed gefitinib (G) or both G monotherapy and taxane (T) treatment
Authors: Chun-Ming Tsai, Chun-Liang Lai, Chao-Hua Chiu, Jia-Ling Liou, Kuo-Ting Chang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Transient Neurological Attacks
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Transient Neurological Attacks W ith symptoms lasting for up to 24 hours, transient neurological attacks are a warning sign that cerebrovascular disease (disease of the brain' s blood vessels) may exist.Also known as a mini-stroke, a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a focal (affecting one body part or system) type of transient neurological attack.Individuals who experience a TIA are at increased risk of having a stroke.Because TIAs can be caused by several factors, it is important to have an accurate diagnosis for proper treatment and prevention plans.The December 26, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article about transient neurological attacks.