tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor</i> Gene Amplification Is Acquired in Association with Tumor Progression of <i>EGFR</i>-Mutated Lung Cancer
Authors: Yasushi Yatabe, Takashi Takahashi, Tetsuya Mitsudomi
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Both mutation and amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung cancers have been reported in association with clinical responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We have reported evidence implicating mutation specifically in the “terminal respiratory unit” type of adenocarcinoma, which is characterized by expression of thyroid transcription factor 1, a lineage marker of peripheral airway cells. However, little is known about the role of gene amplification in the molecular progression of lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we examined the topographical distribution of amplification in three microdissected portions each of 48 individual lung cancers with confirmed mutations. Relative copy number of the gene was analyzed using Taq Man–based gene dosage analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization technique. Gene amplification was found in 11 lung cancers. Strikingly, nine of the cancers showed heterogeneous distribution, and amplification was associated with higher histologic grade or invasive growth. Because it was likely that the high-grade lesions were the origin for metastases, metastatic lymph nodes corresponding to five tumors with heterogeneous distribution were analyzed. Unexpectedly, amplification status of the metastatic sites was not always associated with gene amplification of the primary tumors, suggesting that selection of the metastatic clone may be defined by other factors. We also examined 17 precursor lesions and 21 in situ lung adenocarcinomas, and found that only one in situ carcinoma harbored gene amplification. Taken together, our results show that mutation occurs early in the development of lung adenocarcinoma, and that amplification may be acquired in association with tumor progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2106–11]
Balloon catheters and coronary arteries: increasing experience
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of ta-siRNAs and <i>Cis</i>-nat-siRNAs in Cassava and Their Roles in Response to Cassava Bacterial Blight
Authors: Andrés Quintero, Alvaro L. Pérez-Quintero, Camilo López
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) and natural cis-antisense siRNAs (cis-nat-siRNAs) are recently discovered small RNAs (sRNAs) involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. ta-siRNAs are transcribed from genomic loci and require processing by microRNAs (miRNAs). cis-nat-siRNAs are derived from antisense RNAs produced by the simultaneous transcription of overlapping antisense genes. Their roles in many plant processes, including pathogen response, are mostly unknown. In this work, we employed a bioinformatic approach to identify ta-siRNAs and cis-nat-siRNAs in cassava from two sRNA libraries, one constructed from healthy cassava plants and one from plants inoculated with the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). A total of 54 possible ta-siRNA loci were identified in cassava, including a homolog of TAS3, the best studied plant ta-siRNA. Fifteen of these loci were induced, while 39 were repressed in response to Xam infection. In addition, 15 possible cis-natural antisense transcript (cis-NAT) loci producing siRNAs were identified from overlapping antisense regions in the genome, and were found to be differentially expressed upon Xam infection. Roles of sRNAs were predicted by sequence complementarity and our results showed that many sRNAs identified in this work might be directed against various transcription factors. This work represents a significant step toward understanding the roles of sRNAs in the immune response of cassava.
Recent advances in the molecular biology of hepatitis B virus: mutant virus and the host response.
Authors: G R Foster, H C Thomas
Journal: Gut (1993)

Recent advances in the molecular biology of hepatitis B virus: mutant virus and the host response Recent advances in molecular biology have revolutionised the study of the hepatitis B virus.The polymerase chain reaction technique has allowed viral DNA from patients to be amplified and sequenced.'Such studies have shown that the genome of hepatitis B virus is highly variable and it is likely that no two viral isolates are genetically identical.Because hepatitis B virus gives rise to a number of distinct diseases it is tempting to suppose that different viral genotypes cause different diseases.Recipients of contaminated blood from patients with hepatitis B virus, however, do not necessarily develop the same disease,2 indicating that different hepatitis B virus infections are caused by the interaction between a particular viral genotype and their host.In this review we shall discuss the association between various hepatitis B virus genomes and particular diseases and discuss the way in which variant viruses develop and give rise to disparate diseases.
Mechanical jumping power in athletes.
Authors: D T Kirkendall, G M Street
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The Wingate cycle ergometer test is a widely used test of sustained muscular power. A limitation of the test is the lack of development and retrieval of stored elastic energy due to a lack of an eccentric phase. To measure mechanical power output of the entire stretch-shortening cycle, the test of Bosco et al (1983) was administered to 119 male athletes in 7 different activities during their pre-participation evaluations. The sports tested were indoor soccer, American football and ballet (professionals), outdoor soccer, basketball and wrestling (collegiate) and amateur bobsled. Results showed the overall average power output to be 20.37 W.kg-1 for the 60s reciprocal jumping test. Ballet dancers generated significantly less mechanical power than indoor soccer, basketball and bobsled athletes, while wrestlers generated significantly less power than indoor soccer and basketball athletes (all p less than 0.05). No other between-sport differences were seen. A subset of indoor soccer players (n = 10) were retested after 4 months of training. Power improved from 20.8 to 24.3 W.kg-1 (p less than 0.05). While between sport differences were limited, training differences in one subset of athletes were readily identified.
WAY WITH WORDS
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In 1875 Robert Browning wrote: “We've still our stage where truth calls spade a spade.” Not any more: 120 years on political correctness paradoxically dissembles truth. Good old Anglo-Saxon words are replaced by woolly circumlocutions: the old are chronologically challenged, the dead are (sic) non-living persons, and the fat differentially sized. And its effect on sex has been to turn the writer of English into a contortionist in order to avoid being charged with sexism.

The constant awareness of …
Do sex hormones affect colorectal cancer?
Authors: M Davidson, C N Yoshizawa, L N Kolonel
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Etude d'observations de cancer du colon chez des hommes ayant presente anterieurement un cancer de la prostate, et traites parfois par œstrogenes et orchidectomie. L'intervalle entre les deux tumeurs est plus court chez les malades traites par stilbœstrol; chez ces malades le cancer du colon est plus souvent situe dans le colon ascendant
World Health Organization‐defined classification of myeloproliferative neoplasms: Morphological reproducibility and clinical correlations—The Danish experience
Authors: Ann Brinch Madelung, Henrik Bondo, Inger Stamp, Preben Loevgreen, Signe Ledou Nielsen, Anne Falensteen, Helle Knudsen, Mats Ehinger, Rasmus Dahl‐Sørensen, Nana Brochmann Mortensen, Kira Dynnes Svendsen, Theis Lange, Elisabeth Ralfkiaer, Karsten Nielsen, Hans Carl Hasselbalch, Jürgen Thiele
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

We examined inter‐ and intraobserver reproducibility and concordance between histological diagnosis and independently collected clinical findings in a large series of patients with the major subtypes of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and controls. Seven hematopathologists reviewed 272 bone marrow biopsies including 43 controls. Diagnoses were determined according to the 2008 criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). The participants were blinded to all clinical data except patient age. After initial evaluation all hematopathologists participated in a 3‐day meeting with a leading clinician chaired by an expert hematopathologists. In cases with lack of consensus on fiber grading ( n = 57), a new evaluation was performed. In cases with discordance on morphological diagnosis ( n = 129), an additional nonblinded evaluation taking clinical data into consideration was carried out. For remaining cases with a lack of concordance between morphological diagnosis and clinical diagnosis ( n = 33), a similar nonblinded evaluation was performed. Consensus on final histological diagnosis and concordance with clinical diagnosis were determined. Blinded histological evaluation resulted in a 53% consensus rate. After re‐evaluation of fiber content, consensus was reached in 60% of cases. Adding clinical data increased the histological consensus to 83%. For cases with a histological consensus, we found a concordance of 71% with the clinician's diagnoses. This is the first study to present a larger cohort of MPN patients mimicking the diagnostic challenges that hematopathologists face in their daily practice. The results support the postulates of the WHO that both morphological and clinical findings are essential for a valid diagnosis Am. J. Hematol. 88:1012–1016, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomised Clinical Trial of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Node-Negative, Fast-Proliferating Breast Cancer
Authors: A. Paradiso, A. Mangia, A. Barletta, A.M. Catino, A. Giannuzzi, F. Schittulli, N. Radogna, S. Longo, D. Palmieri, F. Marzullo, C. Natale, B. Tardio, M. De Lena
Journal: Drugs (1993)
Role of the Thymus and Related Organs in Immunity
Authors: M. Burnet
Journal: BMJ (1962)

At the beginning of 1961, I think it is fair to state, the contrast are the results reported first by Miller (1961), and confirmed in several other laboratories, of -the effect of thymectomy on mice on the first day of life.Such mice appear normal for about three months and then rather rapidly develop a syndrome resembling that of runt disease, which is usual!y fatal.The characteristic 5398
ArgBP2, encoding a negative regulator of ABL, is fused to MLL in a case of infant M5 acute myeloid leukemia involving 4q35 and 11q23
Authors: A Pession, L Lo Nigro, L Montemurro, S Serravalle, R Fazzina, G Izzi, G Nucifora, R Slany, R Tonelli
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Genetic and clinical heterogeneity in tapetal retinal dystrophies
Authors: A. A. B. Bergen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Large scale DNA-mutation screening in patients with hereditary retinal diseases greatly enhances our knowledge about retinal function and diseases. Scientists, clinicians, patients, and families involved with retinal disorders may directly benefit from these developments. However, certain aspects of this expanding knowledge, such as the correlation between genotype and phenotype, may be much more complicated than we expect at present.
Survival benefit of liver resection for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma across different Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages: A multicentre study
Authors: Alessandro Vitale, Patrizia Burra, Anna Chiara Frigo, Franco Trevisani, Fabio Farinati, Gaya Spolverato, Michael Volk, Edoardo G. Giannini, Francesca Ciccarese, Fabio Piscaglia, Gian Lodovico Rapaccini, Mariella Di Marco, Eugenio Caturelli, Marco Zoli, Franco Borzio, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Martina Felder, Antonio Gasbarrini, Rodolfo Sacco, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Gabriele Missale, Filomena Morisco, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Roberto Virdone, Umberto Cillo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Granulocyte markers in hypertonic and isotonic saline-induced sputum of asthmatic subjects
Authors: S. Cianchetti, E. Bacci, L. Ruocco, M.L. Bartoli, M. Ricci, T. Pavia, F.L. Dente, A. Di Franco, B. Vagaggini, P.L. Paggiaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

The aim of this study was to assess whether hyperosmolarity affects granulocyte mediator levels in induced sputum of asthmatic subjects. A total of 32 mild-to-moderate asthmatics, who inhaled either hypertonic (HS; 4.5% NaCl) or isotonic (IS; 0.9% NaCl) solutions for 15 min, were studied. Selected sputum was used for analysis. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), eosinophil protein X (EPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and free neutrophil elastase (NE) were measured in sputum supernatant. Sample weight, total and differential cell counts, as well as viability and squamous cell percentage were no different after the two tests. No significant differences in ECP, EPX, MPO or NE levels were observed between HS- and IS-induced sputum. Repeatability of the two tests was good for macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, ECP, EPX and NE, but not for lymphocytes and MPO. In conclusion, hyperosmolarity does not affect sputum cell counts and the levels of most granulocyte degranulation markers examined in this study, confirming that both hypertonic and isotonic solutions can be reliably used to induce sputum in asthmatics.
Development of a trauma care assessment instrument for emergency nurses in West Africa
Authors: Sue Anne Bell, Victoria Bam, Sarah Rominski, Nee-Kofi Mould-Millman, Petra Brysiewicz
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundStrengthening the provision of emergency health services, including the nursing workforce, is progress towards decreasing the burden of injury in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO Essential Trauma Care Guidelines provide minimum knowledge and skills to ensure quality in-hospital trauma care. Our aim was to develop an emergency nursing trauma care knowledge, attitudes, and skills minimum competency assessment instrument with WHO guidelines for African emergency care settings.MethodsConstructs anchoring the assessment were defined by an expert panel of six emergency nurses from Ghana, Malawi, South Africa, and Tanzania, with a modified Delphi approach. The panel did each phase of the knowledge, attitudes, and skills instrument creation and validation by: (1) identifying objectives and attributes; (2) narrowing the domain of content previously predefined by WHO; (3) developing survey questions; (4) reviewing questions in the instrument; and (5) pilot testing the survey with 23 emergency nurses in Ghana.FindingsA four-part instrument was created. Important objectives and attributes of the instrument included easy measurement and discrimination of trauma care knowledge, attitudes, and skills among emergency nurses in sub-Saharan Africa. Domains assessed were primary, secondary, focused, and ongoing trauma assessment and management, including team-oriented practices, nursing analysis, planning, and implementation. The knowledge, attitudes, and skills instrument included ten demographic and 46 attitude questions self-administered on paper, 49 open-ended oral interview questions, and 26 administered in an observed patient simulation format. Pilot results show the instrument was easy to apply, appropriate for low-resource testing, and was able to discriminate knowledge, attitudes, and skills among nurses of various competencies.InterpretationIn Ghana, the longitudinal assessment instrument should be implemented for cohorts of newly trained emergency nurses. In other sub-Saharan African countries, actively trained emergency nurses the instrument should be locally validated and piloted, then deployed to measure basic trauma competencies between nurses. Ultimately, the instrument should serve as a standard across sub-Saharan Africa for measurement of competency among nurses, thereby allowing multination comparisons or longitudinal assessments.FundingFogarty International Center.
Why Have Academic Medical Centers Survived?
Authors: Hamilton Moses
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Over the past decade, many observers predicted the demise of the academic medical center (AMC) due to competition from community hospitals and physicians, fragile finances, inefficiency, and organizational complexity. In 2004, we interviewed 23 AMC and community hospital administrators to determine why those predictions have proven unfounded, learn the leaders' current concerns and priorities, and to identify desirable changes. Chief concerns were reimbursement uncertainty, federal research policy, ineffective internal decision-making, and clinical quality (mentioned in more than 75% of interviews). Priorities included ensuring sufficient investment capital, revising undergraduate and graduate curricula, strengthening ties with physicians and community hospitals, attracting faculty, and meeting regulatory requirements. We advocate that the AMC: (1) modify the research model to allow greater collaboration with institutions and researchers; (2) enhance free and open export of new and proven clinical techniques and knowledge; (3) devote greater attention to meeting patients' increasing needs for counsel and guidance, not just intervention, given the plethora of complex new technologies and their promotion in the popular media; and (4) simplify their organizations. To accomplish this, it is desirable for future leaders to gain experience outside the AMC, and for faculty and institutions to be less inwardly focused and more attentive to preserving the public's trust.
Recall phenomenon with the unusual presence of eccrine squamous syringometaplasia
Authors: L. RIOS-BUCETA, P.F. PENAS, E. DAUDEN-TELLO, J. FRAGA-FERNANDEZ, P. DOMINGUEZ-ARCINIEGA, A. GARCIA-DIEZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

The recall phenomenon is an inflammatory reaction limited to a previously X‐irradiated field when the patient is treated months or years later with certain drugs. Only a few cases have been reported in dermatological journals. We report a patient with lymphoma who was treated with low‐dose abdominal irradiation and high‐dose irradiation to the knees and who, 2 months laler, when chemotherapy was started, developed a pronounced inflammatory reaction limited to the areas treated with high‐dose irradiation. A skin biopsy specimen showed features of radiation damage, marked epidermal changes and extensive eccrine squamous syringometaplasia. This case of the recall phenomenon is of interest because we have found that there is apparently a radiation dose threshold for this event, and because this is the first report of its association with eccrine squamous syringometaplasia.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> Influx During the Cardiac Action Potential in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: C.J. Grantham, M.B. Cannell
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

The relative contributions of L-type Ca 2+ current (I Ca ) and Na + /Ca 2+ exchange to Ca 2+ influx during the cardiac action potential (AP) are unknown. In this study, we have used an AP recorded under physiological conditions as the command voltage applied to voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes. I Ca (measured as nifedipine-sensitive membrane current) had a complex multiphasic time course during the AP. Peak I Ca was typically 4 pA/pF, after which it rapidly declined (to about 60% of peak) during the rising phase of the cell-wide Ca 2+ transient before increasing to a second, more sustained component. The initial decline in I Ca was sensitive to the amount of Ca 2+ released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and conditions that reduce the amplitude of the Ca 2+ transient (such as rest or brief application of caffeine) increased net Ca 2+ influx via I Ca . Dissection of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchange current at the start of the AP suggested that Ca 2+ influx via Na + /Ca 2+ exchange is less than 30% of that due to I Ca . From these data, we suggest that I Ca is the primary source of Ca 2+ that triggers SR Ca 2+ release, even at the highly depolarized membrane potentials associated with the AP. However, Ca 2+ influx via Na + /Ca 2+ exchange is not negligible and may activate some Ca 2+ release from the SR, especially when I Ca is reduced. We propose that SR Ca 2+ release inhibits I Ca within the same beat, thereby providing a negative feedback mechanism that may serve to limit Ca 2+ influx as well as to regulate the amount of Ca 2+ stored within the SR.
Rectal motor activity.
Authors: G Bassotti, C Betti, C Fusaro, M A Pelli, A Morelli
Journal: Gut (1992)

We briefly report antiacetylcholine receptor antibody production by cultured bone marrow cells (4.9 ± 0.9 fmol/10<sup>6</sup> cells/wk, mean ± SD) in a 65-year-old man with myasthenia gravis without thymoma. Lymphocytes from peripheral blood, thymus, and lymph nodes produced less antibody (1.8 ± 0.1, 0.9 ± 0.3, and 1.0 ± 0.4, respectively). The thymus was involuted, and the effect of thymectomy was doubtful 6 months postoperatively.
Circulating DNA is a Useful Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rafael Sirera, Roy M. Bremnes, Andrea Cabrera, Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre, Elena Sanmartín, Ana Blasco, Nieves del Pozo, Rafael Rosell, Ricardo Guijarro, José Galbis, José Javier Sánchez, Carlos Camps
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)