tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma F2 Isoprostanes
Authors: Michael J. Sampson, Nitin Gopaul, Isabel R. Davies, David A. Hughes, Martin J. Carrier
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes increases the generation of plasma 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 (8-epi-PGF2alpha) isoprostane, a sensitive direct marker of in vivo free radical oxidative damage to membrane phospholipids.A total of 21 patients with type 2 diabetes underwent an oral 75-g glucose tolerance test. Plasma 8-epi-PGF2alpha isoprostane concentrations (by gas chromatography [GC]/mass spectrometry [MS]), intralymphocyte reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratios, and plasma total antioxidant capacity were measured at baseline and 90 min after glucose loading.Plasma 8-epi-PGF2alpha isoprostane concentrations rose significantly (P=0. 010) from 0.241 +/- 0.1 to 0.326 +/- 0.17 ng/l after 90 min. Intracellular oxidative balance and plasma antioxidant capacity did not change in either group.Plasma concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2alpha isoprostane increase during acute hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, providing direct evidence of free radical-mediated oxidative damage and demonstrating a pathway for an association between acute rather than fasting hyperglycemia and macrovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.
A METHOD OF DISPENSING WITH RUBBER GLOVES AND THE ADHESIVE RUBBER DAM.SECOND COMMUNICATION.
Authors: JOHN B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

A short time ago<sup>1</sup>I gave a preliminary account of the use of an impermeable coating designed to prevent the escape of the epithelium and sebaceous gland secretions from the skin during operation, and the entrance of blood, pus, etc., into the crevices of the skin. It consists, briefly, in the application of a 4 to 8 per cent. solution of gutta-percha in benzine or acetone—the benzine solution for use on the hands, the acetone for surface applications at and around the field of operation. The 4 per cent. benzine solution has proven the best for wear. The benzine solution, however, dries more slowly than the acetone; it requires one and a half to two and a half minutes for it to thoroughly evaporate. If the rubber has not been destroyed by heat or sterilizing processes, the parts will have a decided adhesive tendency. If the solution is not good
CCDC103 mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting assembly of ciliary dynein arms
Authors: Jennifer R Panizzi, Anita Becker-Heck, Victoria H Castleman, Dalal A Al-Mutairi, Yan Liu, Niki T Loges, Narendra Pathak, Christina Austin-Tse, Eamonn Sheridan, Miriam Schmidts, Heike Olbrich, Claudius Werner, Karsten Häffner, Nathan Hellman, Rahul Chodhari, Amar Gupta, Albrecht Kramer-Zucker, Felix Olale, Rebecca D Burdine, Alexander F Schier, Christopher O'Callaghan, Eddie M K Chung, Richard Reinhardt, Hannah M Mitchison, Stephen M King, Heymut Omran, Iain A Drummond
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Report warns of gaps in US public health capacity
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The still evolving outbreak of H1N1 influenza in the United States has provided a “real world” test of public health preparedness, which has shown some gaps in provision, a report published last week says.

“All of the planning and preparations in the past several years have improved our nation’s ability to respond to an outbreak, however, the H1N1 outbreak did not really test the limits of our response,” said Jeff Levi, executive director of the Trust for America’s Health, a public health advocacy organisation that was one of the sponsors of the report. 

However, …
A Computer-Based Medical-History System
Authors: Warner V. Slack, Phillip Hicks, Charles E. Reed, Lawrence J. Van Cura
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN spite of the homage devoted to the importance of the medical history, there has been remarkably little research on the subject. Neither the method of history taking and recording nor the reliability and usefulness of the data collected has been studied as rigorously as the other tools of clinical medicine, in large part because neither the method nor the data lend themselves well to research.The traditional method of taking and recording medical histories involves serious problems for both the practicing physician and the clinical research worker. History taking consumes a large amount of the physician's time, and inadequate . . .
Sex Differences in Insulin Levels in Older Adults and the Effect of Body Size, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, and Glucose Tolerance Status: The Rancho Bernardo Study, 1984–1987
Authors: Assiamira Ferrara, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Deborah L Wingard, Sharon L Edelstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine if insulin levels vary with sex, independent of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), differences in body mass index (BM1), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and glycernia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a population-based study of older adults, insulin levels were measured before and after a standardized oral glucose tolerance test in 673 men and 849 women, all free of known diabetes. RESULTS Age-adjusted fasting insulin levels were highest in men, intermediate in women not taking estrogen, and lowest in estrogen-treated women (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Differences between men and women not taking estrogen disappeared after adjusting for age and BMI, but not glycemia; estrogen-treated women had significantly lower fasting insulin levels than did men (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and women not taking estrogen (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The association of estrogen use with lower fasting insulin levels persisted after adjusting for age and WHR (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and was stronger among women with abnormal glucose tolerance. Age-adjusted postchallenge insulin levels were higher in women than in men (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The sex difference persisted after adjusting for age and BMI or glycemia. Postchallenge insulin levels did not vary by ERT. CONCLUSIONS Men have higher fasting insulin levels than do women, whether or not the women are using ERT. Differences between men and untreated women are explained by differences in BMI, but estrogen users have lower fasting insulin levels independent of BMI. Postchallenge insulin levels are higher in women than men and are independent of ERT, BMI, and glycemia. Clinical trials in women are needed to determine whether ERT can improve insulin and glucose metabolism.
Ten Years' Experience in Running a Pulmonary Function Laboratory
Authors: D. T. D. Hughes, D. W. Empey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A survey of the development and work of a pulmonary function laboratory in a teaching hospital over a 10-year period has shown an increasing demand for pulmonary function tests from all departments, in particular some of the surgical ones. Though no arrangement for staffing and equipping such a laboratory is ideal quite a lot of useful clinical information can be derived from a few simple tests performed in a central laboratory.
The Contribution of Gastroesophageal Reflux to Chest Pain in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Swarnjit Singh, Joel E. Richter, Edward G. Hewson, Jane W. Sinclair, Barry T. Hackshaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To describe the effectiveness of investigating and treating the cause of refractory chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease who are receiving optimal antianginal therapy. ▪ Design: Cohort study. ▪ Setting: Tertiary referral center. ▪ Patients: Between January 1988 and December 1989,34 patients were identified as having angiographically proven coronary artery disease and atypical chest pain symptoms despite their having received aggressive medical or surgical antianginal therapy, or both. ▪ Intervention: Patients with confirmed acid-related symptoms were treated with high-dose histamine-2 (H2) blockers or omeprazole for 8 weeks in an open-label study. ▪ Measurements: Esophageal manometry and simultaneous 24-hour pH and Holter studies; global improvement in or disappearance of chest pain. ▪ Results: Of the 34 patients, 30 (88%) experienced their identical chest pain symptoms during the study. A total of 164 pain episodes was recorded: 38 (23.2%) correlated with acid reflux; 6 (3.7%) were related to cardiac ischemia; and the remaining 120 (73.2%) had no identifiable cause. Of these 30 patients, 20 (67%) had some of their episodes of chest pain (range, 14% to 100%) secondary to acid reflux. After 8 weeks of vigorous acid suppression, 13 of these 20 patients had marked improvement or resolution of chest pain. Four other patients had ischemia-related episodes of chest pain that responded to more aggressive antianginal therapy. No episodes of acid reflux were clearly followed by ischemic chest pain. One patient had both acid- and ischemic-related episodes of chest pain that were indistinguishable. Overall, 24 of 34 (71%) patients had a definite cause of chest pain identified by combined pH and Holter monitoring. ▪ Conclusions: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common, treatable cause of chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease who have atypical symptoms and remain symptomatic despite aggressive antianginal therapy. Combined Holter and 24-hour esophageal pH studies are complementary investigations for elucidating the cause of chest pain in these patients.
Nuclear Penogram Can Quantitate and Record the Effect of Pharmacologic Treatment of Impotence
Authors: TAPAN K. CHAUDHURI, S. FINK, I. C. VERNON NETTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Pharmacologically induced penile erection (PIPE) by intracavernous injection of papaverine/phentolamine is now a widely accepted mode of therapy for impotence. Until now, the dose determination of papaverine/ phentolamine has been arbitrary and the documentation of the effect of PIPE therapy has been subjective i.e., physician's own observations. There has been no direct graphic recording (hard-copy image) enabling quantitation, modulation, and objective documentation of the response to PIPE therapy for impotence. Such records would have both clinical and medicolegal value in that it can quantitate the effect of PIPE therapy, it can help titrate the dose of medication according to the quantitative imaging response to initial therapy thus avoiding complications such as priapism, it provides objective hard copy record of the effect of PIPE therapy which may be useful for future medicolegal purposes, and it helps follow up of patients responding or not responding to therapy.
ALPHA-CHAIN DISEASE: EVIDENCE FOR COMMON CLONAL ORIGIN OF INTESTINAL IMMUNOBLASTIC LYMPHOMA AND PLASMACYTIC PROLIFERATION
Authors: J.C Brouet, D.Y Mason, F Danon, J.L Preud'homme, M Seligmann, F Reyes, F Navab, A Galian, E Rene, J.C Rambaud
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Phase I study of CT-322, first Adnectin protein therapeutic and potent inhibitor of VEGFR-2, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors (ST)
Authors: C. J. Sweeney, E. G. Chriorean, M. M. Mita, K. P. Papadopoulos, B. Silver, M. Freed, J. Gokemeijer, C. Eaton, E. Furfine, A. W. Tolcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

3523 Background: Adnectins, a new class of targeted biologics, are designed variants of the 10th type III domain of human fibronectin. CT-322, the first Adnectin tested in humans, is a potent (KD = 11 nM) and specific VEGFR-2 blocker, inhibiting activation by VEGF-A, -C, and -D. Methods: CT-322 (1, 2, or 3 mg/kg/week [QW] or 3 mg/kg Q2W) was given intravenously to heavily pre-treated ST pts to determine safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and biomarker response (PD). Pts with ST and no standard treatment option, ECOG 0–2, and adequate organ function were included. Plasma CT-322 and VEGF-A levels were assayed by ELISA. DLTs were determined during the first 4 wks. Results: 26 pts (16 M; 10 F); median age 58.1 yr (range 31.6–83.7) were enrolled using a standard 3+3 design. The DLT dose was 3 mg/kg QW (1 pt: Gr 3 proteinuria [pr]; 1 pt: Gr 3 LV dysfunction). The MTD was 2 mg/kg QW with 0/6 pts experiencing DLT. PK was linear and median t1/2 ranged 61.1–68.7 hrs. With repeat dosing there was no attenuation of t1/2, and CTrough levels were sustained for all doses tested at concentrations associated with efficacy in preclinical models. Plasma VEGF-A levels rose rapidly (≤4 h), showed no attenuation with chronic dosing, and were similar across the range of doses. For RECIST-evaluable pts with current data (N=12), best observed responses were SD in 5 (range: 2–8+ mo), including 1 pt with signet ring cell cancer of unknown primary with SD for 8+ mo and who had progressed on prior bevacizumab therapy. Clinically significant immunogenicity was not observed. Conclusions: CT-322, an Adnectin-based therapeutic, is well tolerated at doses up to 2 mg/kg QW, the MTD on a QW schedule. PK and PD support QW or Q2W dose schedules. PD responses and VEGF pathway-related clinical effects evidence its potent pharmacologic effects in humans. Prolonged disease stabilization was noted. Toxicity Data by Cohort Dose Number of patients Toxicity 1 mg/kg QW 6 1 Gr 4 lipase elevation * 3 Gr 2 pr 1 Gr 1 hypertension (htn) 2 mg/kg QW (MTD) 8 1 Gr 1; 1 Gr 2 pr1 Gr 2 htn 3 mg/kg QW 6 1 Gr 3 pr* 1 Gr 3 LV dysfunction*1 Gr 1; 1 Gr 3 htn 3 mg/kg Q2W 6 1 Gr 3 pr* 2 Gr 2 htn 2 SAEs of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy1 SAE of retinal vascular occlusion * DLT Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Adnexus, a Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Company Adnexus, a Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D Company Bristol-Myers Squibb Adnexus Adnexus Adnexus
Nail-gun Accident
Authors: I. K. R. McMillan
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Morphological variation of normal oral structures such as double frenum and fusion together in a patient is rare. Sometimes such scenarios may mislead the diagnosis, affecting treatment planning and prognosis. Hence a thorough evaluation of patients with such morphological defects is necessary. This case report describes a case of double frenum and fusion, and the multiple challenges the clinician faces.
FDG PET/CT for Biopsy Guidance in Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: Eugene Lin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 60-year-old man with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma underwent computed tomography of the abdomen, which demonstrated diffuse infiltration of the retroperitoneum and peritoneum. This was initially thought to potentially represent recurrence of lymphoma, but no discrete mass was identified for biopsy. The patient then underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT), which demonstrated a focal area of uptake in the left posterior perirenal space, and uptake in both hips. The focal area of uptake in the left perirenal space was biopsied, which demonstrated Erdheim-Chester disease. The PET/CT was important in identifying an area for biopsy and demonstrating bone involvement.
The Accurate Estimation of Left Atrial Pressure Without Cardiac Catheterization in Patients with Mitral Valve Disease.
Authors: William F. Friedman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Accurate Estimation of Left Atrial Pressure Without Cardiac Catheterization in Patients with Mitral Valve Disease.William F. Friedman, M.D., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.William F. Friedman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1151_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is now well known that in normal erect subjects pulmonary blood flow is greater in the dependent portions of the lungs than at the apices and that this pattern may be reversed in severe mitral stenosis. External scintillation scanning of intravenously administered131I-labeled macroaggregates of human serum albumin was employed to evaluate the distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow in 10 normal subjects and in 30 patients with mitral valve disease. It was observed that the ratio of blood flow in the upper third of the right lung to that in the lower third (U/L) in the erect posture... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1151-1151KeywordsBlood flowCatheterizationHeart diseasesLungsMitral stenosisPostural controlPulmonary diseasesSerum albuminStenosis Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3483: Inhibition of Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (MCT4) targets stem-like cells in glioblastoma
Authors: Kah Suan Lim, Kah Jing Lim, Brent A. Orr, Antoinette C. Price, Charles G. Eberhart, Eli E. Bar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common adult malignant brain tumors and contain a hypoxic/necrotic core surrounded by proliferative cells. To unmask genes important in hypoxia, we exposed 2 GBM neurosphere lines, HSR-GBM1 and JHH-GBM10, to 1% and 21% oxygen levels for 24 hours and compared gene expression using Agilent oligonucleotide microarrays. We identified SLC16A3 (Monocarboxylate transporter-4, MCT4) as one of the most upregulated genes in response to hypoxia. To investigate the clinical importance of MCT4 in GBM, we examined the Kaplan-Meier survival curves of glioma patients using public databases. We found that patients with upregulation of MCT4 (≥2.0X) have a significantly shorter survival (p&amp;lt;0.0001) than patients with intermediate expression. Consistent with this, MCT4 upregulation correlated with the aggressive mesenchymal subset of GBM (p&amp;lt;0.0001). We next examined MCT4 protein levels using immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays, confirming that MCT4 protein levels were increased in high-grade as compared to lower grade astrocytomas (p&amp;lt;0.0001). These data clearly demonstrated that MCT4 is a clinically relevant target. We next tested the requirement of MCT4 in vitro. We found that when neurospheres were transduced with viruses encoding short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against MCT4, cell growth was inhibited by 30-69% in hypoxia. Interestingly, similar results were observed in normoxia, suggesting that MCT4 may be critical to tumor growth and survival independent of oxygen levels. We next explored the role that MCT4 may play in the maintenance of the stem-like population in our neurosphere lines. We found that MCT4 is overexpressed in sorted CD133-positive cells compared to CD133-negative cells in both HSR-GBM1 and JHH-GBM10. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis of shMCT4-expressing neurospheres showed a decrease in the percentage of CD133-positive cells as compared to controls. This suggested to us that MCT4 silencing might inhibit stem-like cell proliferation/survival, offering a potential explanation for growth inhibition following MCT4 knockdown in normoxia. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of MCT4 inhibition functionally using a clonogenic assay. Cells were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 48 hours followed by recovery in normoxia. We found that MCT4 silencing resulted in significant reduction in sphere number and size in both normoxic and hypoxic cells, consistent with a loss of clonogenicity. In agreement with what we found in vitro, MCT4 silencing also slowed GBM intracranial xenograft growth in vivo (p=0.009). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3483. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3483
Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Studies Are More Often Alike Than Unlike
Authors: Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Trisha F. Hue, PhD, MPH; Steven R. Cummings, MD; Jane A. Cauley, DrPH; Douglas C. Bauer, MD; Kristine E. Ensrud, MD; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD; Dennis M. Black, PhD
Recording of Specialized Conducting Fibers (A-V Nodal, His Bundle, and Right Bundle Branch) in Man Using an Electrode Catheter Technic
Authors: ANTHONY N. DAMATO, SUN H. LAU, WALTER D. BERKOWITZ, KENNETH M. ROSEN, KENNETH R. LISI
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Extracellular action potentials of the A-V node (N), His bundle (H), and right bundle branch (RB) were recorded in subjects with an electrode cardiac catheter which was fluoroscopically positioned across the tricuspid valve. The N potential is a slow diphasic wave occurring between the atrial electrogram (P) and the H potential. It is characterized by slurring or notching on the upstroke. The H potential, as previously described, is a biphasic or triphasic wave of 15 to 20-msec duration. The RB potential is a fast biphasic wave of 10 to 20-msec duration occurring between the H potential and the Q wave. During single atrial pacing and premature atrial stimulation, the A-V conduction delay could be localized to the N-H interval. Evidence suggests that during aberrant ventricular conduction of the right bundle-branch block type the impulse was blocked proximally in the right bundle. During concealed conduction the nonconducted impulse was completely blocked within the A-V node or the N-H interval.
Residual Abnormalities in Acquired Aplastic Anemia of Childhood
Authors: Melvin H. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

WITH improvements in supportive care, approximately 50% of children with acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) now survive their disease.<sup>1</sup>Little reference is made in either standard textbooks or in the medical literature regarding persisting hematologic abnormalities in these patients. We have observed and studied the survivors of AAA whose conditions were diagnosed in our institution and none was hematologically normal, indicating that hematologic residua last for years, and perhaps a lifetime. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> Twenty-three children with AAA were hospitalized between 1962 and 1972. In 18, there were no known associated diseases or precipitating factors. In two, the anemia followed hepatitis, and in three it followed chloramphenicol administration. Standard criteria for diagnosis were used.<sup>2</sup> There were ten survivors of whom four boys and four girls were available for reassessment after one to nine years from the time of diagnosis. In one of the survivors AAA developed following chloramphenicol administration;
Ventilation or dignified death for patients with high tetraplegia.
Authors: B P Gardner, F Theocleous, J W Watt, K R Krishnan
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The case histories of the 37 patients of the Mersey Regional Spinal Injuries Centre who were artificially ventilated between 1968 and 1984 were reviewed. The patients and caring relatives were interviewed separately to determine their views. Of 21 patients who were still alive, 18 said that they would wish to be temporarily ventilated again if the need arose, two were undecided, and one said that she would wish to be allowed to die. Sixteen caring relatives said that they were glad that the decision to ventilate had been taken. Those who were not glad were all young mothers. The outcome from any combination of factors that existed before injury could not be predicted except that most patients over age 59 fared badly. Patients with spinal cord damage should be artificially ventilated if required, provided that this can be carried out well and that total emotional, educational, and physical support can be provided and maintained. Whether or not scarce resources should be deployed in this manner requires discussion.