tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human liver class I alcohol dehydrogenaseγγ isozyme: the sole cytosolic 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of iso bile acids
Authors: Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Udo C.I. Oppermann, Stefan Svensson, Erik Nordling, Bengt Persson, Jan-Olov Höög, Hans Jörnvall
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

3beta-Hydroxy (iso) bile acids are formed during enterohepatic circulation from 3alpha-hydroxy bile acids and constitute normal compounds in plasma but are virtually absent in bile. Isoursodeoxycholic acid (isoUDCA) is a major metabolite of UDCA. In a recent study it was found that after administration of isoUDCA, UDCA became the major acid in bile. Thus, epimerization of the 3beta-hydroxy to a 3alpha-hydroxy group, catalyzed by 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD) and 3-oxo-reductases must occur. The present study aims to characterize the human liver bile acid 3beta-HSD. Human liver cytosol and recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) betabeta and gammagamma isozymes were subjected to native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and isoelectric focusing. Activity staining with oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) or oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)) as cofactors and various iso bile acids as substrates was used to screen for 3beta-HSD activity. Reaction products were identified and quantified by gas chromotography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Computer-assisted substrate docking of isoUDCA to the active site of a 3-dimensional model of human class I gammagamma ADH was performed. ADH gammagamma isozyme was identified as the iso bile acid 3beta-HSD present in human liver cytosol, with NAD(+) as a cofactor. Values for k(cat)/K(m) were in the rank order isodeoxycholic acid (isoDCA), isochenodeoxycholic acid (isoCDCA), isoUDCA, and isolithocholic acid (isoLCA) (0.10, 0.09, 0.08, and 0. 05 min(-1) x micromol/L(-1), respectively). IsoUDCA fits as substrate to the 3-dimensional model of the active-site of ADH gammagamma. ADH gammagamma isozyme was defined as the only bile acid 3beta-HSD in human liver cytosol. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are candidates for the binding and transport of 3alpha-hydroxy bile acids. We assume that ADH gammagamma isozyme is involved in cytosolic bile acid binding and transport processes as well.
Comparative Therapeutic Value of Massage with "Adrenaline Cream" and with another Cream in Conditions Associated with Deep Pain
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

The therapeutic trial described below was designed at the request of the research subcommittee of the Empire Rheumatism Council to evaluate the specific efficiency of a proprietary product, widely advertised in the lay press as a cure for rheumatism, etc., and claimed by Moss (1949) to be of very great value in fibrositis.The specific question asked was whether there was any difference between "Adrenaline Cream " and a similar cream not containing adrenaline, such as Howell (1950) had noted.The latter author obtained relief" within a few minutes" which " lasted for several hours at least ".In 83 out of ninety patients with chronic fibrositis usually secondary to rheumatoid arthritis or osteo-arthritis, the inunction of adrenaline cream by deep massage relieved the pain for from 10 minutes to 5 days." The usual duration of freedom from pain was 12 hours."Similar results were obtained with other medicated creams containing ephedrine or belladonna, but " a blank control cream gave only 2 or 3 hours relief in most of the twenty patients ".Procedure The experiment was carried out at the following ten rheumatism centres in England and Scotland:
Abstract 3645: Integrative molecular profiling in serous epithelial ovarian cancer for identification of biomarkers of chemoresistance
Authors: Madhuri Koti, Ricardo Vidal, Paulo Nuin, Alexandria Haslehurst, Johanne Weberpals, Timothy Childs, Peter Bryson, Moyez Dharsee, Ken Evans, Harriet E. Feilotter, Paul C. Park, Jeremy A. Squire
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death due to gynecological cancers in women in the western world. Development of primary resistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel poses a major challenge in the management of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of instrinsic resistance upon exposure to standard first-line therapy for ovarian cancer, we used microarrays to profile the 1) copy number alteration and SNP, 2) mRNA, 3) miRNA and 4) methylation signatures in a cohort comprising 11 chemoresistant and 14 chemosensitive tumour samples. Copy number analysis showed significant copy number alterations in the chemoresistant group (gains on chromosomal regions, 4q, 6q, 8p, 8q, 19q, 7q and 22q; losses on 8p and 10q) compared to the sensitive group. Gene expression data analysis using R/bioconductor revealed a set of 248 discriminating genes in the two cohorts. Pathway analysis of these genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed enrichment in genes primarily involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and PI3 Kinase pathway. Additionally, genes related to the pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways, as well as drug transport demonstrated significant differential expression between the two groups. Ongoing concurrent comparative analyses of miRNA profiles within this cohort have also identified several differentially expressed transcripts including mir-34b, mir-155, mir-214, mir-200c and mir-143. Some of these miRNAs have been earlier reported to be associated with tumour progression. Further integrated analysis will elucidate the synergistic roles that the genetic and epigenetic alterations in the deregulation of these and other pathways involved in primary chemoresistance. Our research findings will yield diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that will lead to development of specific treatment regimens for the improved control of serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3645. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3645
Clinical Laboratory Use in the Evaluation of Anemia
Authors: Lawrence A. Wheeler
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Follow-up tests ordered on 258 consecutively examined inpatients with low hemoglobin values on admission were analyzed. The appropriateness of the follow-up tests was evaluated by chart review after preselection by an algorithm. When the cause of the anemia was known or was irrelevant in view of the patient's clinical status, the laboratory use was judged to be adequate. Seventy-one percent of patients studied had an adequate follow-up, though 11% had nonindicated tests performed, scored as laboratory overuse. Twenty-four percent had no follow-up, scored as laboratory underuse. Five percent did not have all indicated tests done and had nonindicated tests done, scored as a mixture of underuse and overuse. Potential remedies to correct misuse are discussed.
Importance of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ in the Host Defense against Pneumococcal Infection
Authors: Ulrich A. Maus, Myriam Backi, Christine Winter, Mrigank Srivastava, Matthias K. Schwarz, Thomas Rückle, James C. Paton, David Briles, Matthias Mack, Tobias Welte, Regina Maus, Rainer M. Bohle, Werner Seeger, Christian Rommel, Emilio Hirsch, Jürgen Lohmeyer, Klaus T. Preissner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: The pivotal role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) in leukocyte recruitment makes it an attractive target for immunomodulatory therapy. However, interfering with PI3Kγ signaling might increase the risk of bacterial infections in humans.Objectives: We hypothesized that deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ would impair the lung inflammatory response to the prototypic gram-positive bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae.Methods: PI3Kγ knockout (KO) and wild-type mice were infected with S. pneumoniae or challenged with the pneumococcal virulence factor pneumolysin (PLY), and inflammatory leukocyte recruitment, bacterial pathogen elimination, and resolution/repair processes were determined.Measurements and Main Results: PI3Kγ KO mice challenged with PLY responded with lung edema and neutrophilic alveolitis, but showed a drop in alveolar macrophages and failed to recruit exudate macrophages when compared with wild-type mice. S. pneumoniae–infected PI3Kγ KO mice and wild-type mice pretreated with the pharmacologic inhibitor AS-605240 recruited similar numbers of neutrophils but substantially fewer exudate macrophages into their lungs than control animals. They also displayed a significantly reduced lung pneumococcal clearance and showed an impaired resolution/repair process, leading to progressive pneumococcal pneumonia.Conclusions: PI3Kγ gene deletion or pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ leads to perturbations of critical innate immune responses of the lung to challenge with S. pneumoniae. These data are of clinical relevance for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases where pharmacologic inhibition of PI3Kγ signaling to attenuate effector cell recruitment may have implications for innate immune surveillance of remote organ systems.
Endoscopic Drainage of Acute Obstructive Cholecystitis in Patients with Increased Operative Risk
Authors: C. Feretis, N. Apostolidis, E. Mallas, A. Manouras, J. Papadimitriou
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Emergency biliary surgery for acute obstructive cholecystitis in the elderly is associated with an increased hospital mortality. We therefore attempted to drain the obstructed gallbladder via the transpapillary route in 18 patients (mean age: 67 years) who had cystic duct obstruction on ERC and who were at an increased surgical risk. A cholecystonasal catheter was successfully introduced after a small EPT in sixteen of them (89%). This resulted in effective bile drainage, obviating the need for emergency surgery in all patients. No procedure-associated morbidity or mortality was found. Following clinical remission, elective treatment consisted of ESWL/direct stone dissolution (n = 10) or elective surgery (n = 3). Three patients received no further therapy. Our results show that endoscopic gallbladder drainage may be a valuable alternative to emergency surgery in high risk patients with acute obstructive cholecystitis.
Abstract 946: Discovery of a novel benzotriazole-type retinoid X receptor partial-agonist decreasing plasma glucose level in type-2 diabetes mellitus with decreased side effects
Authors: Hiroki Kakuta, Nobumasa Yakushiji, Fuminori Ohsawa, Shoya Yamada, Mariko Nakayama, Kohei Kawata, Yui Ohta, Chisa Fujiwara, Toshitaka Oohashi, Makoto Makishima, Akihiro Tai, Hiroyuki Yasui, Yutaka Yoshikawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Insulin-independent hypoglycemic agents have attracted attention, because type 2 diabetes mellitus is reported to be associated with an increased risk of cancer due to mitogenic effect of insulin. Insulin-independent antihyperglycemic effect can be obtained by LXR activation. LXR functions as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). RXRs also work with PPARs, which are known as targets for improvement of insulin resistance. Since LXR/RXR and PPAR/RXR can be activated by RXR agonists alone, and we are interested in RXR agonists for new hyperglycemia agents. However, well-known RXR agonists (RXR full-agonists) show significant weight gain and triglyceride elevation. Since these side effects are caused by excess activation of RXR, we hypothesized that RXR partial-agonists might be effective to decrease plasma glucose level without these problems. As a result, CBt-PMN, which has a benzotriazole structure, was discovered as an RXR partial-agonist, and significantly decreases plasma glucose level in type 2 diabetes model mice without the side effects described above. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 946. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-946
Serum sex hormone levels are related to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
Authors: J F Dorgan, C Longcope, H E Stephenson, R T Falk, R Miller, C Franz, L Kahle, W S Campbell, J A Tangrea, A Schatzkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

We conducted a nested case-control study to prospectively evaluate the relationship of serum estrogens and androgens to risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. From 1977 to 1987, 3375 postmenopausal women free of cancer and not taking replacement estrogens donated blood to the Breast Cancer Serum Bank in Columbia, Missouri. Of these, 72 were subsequently diagnosed with breast cancer. For each case, two controls matched on age and date and time of day of blood collection were selected using incidence density matching. The median age of subjects at blood collection was 62 years; the time from blood collection to diagnosis ranged from less than 1 to 9.5 years with a median of 2.9 years. Risk of breast cancer was positively and significantly associated with serum levels of estrogens and androgens. Compared to women in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile for non-sex hormone-binding globulin (non-SHBG) bound (bioavailable) estradiol had a relative risk of 5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-18.5) and those in the highest quartile for testosterone had a relative risk of 6.2 (95% CI = 2.0-19.0). Our results lend considerable support to the hypothesis that serum concentrations of estrogens and androgens are related to the subsequent diagnosis of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
[580] CHRONIC HEPATITIS C TREATMENT IN PATIENTS OVER 65 YEARS. ANALYSIS IN 559 PATIENTS INCLUDED IN LANGUEDOC-ROUSSILLON TOWN-HOSPITAL NETWORK COHORT
Authors: J. Coelho, C. Mourrut, G.P. Pageaux, P. Blanc, A.J. Remy, R. Chiari, D. Ribard, P. Fabbro-Peray, D. Larrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Review: Endoscopic plus drug therapy prevents rebleeding more than either one alone in cirrhosis with bleeding esophageal varices
Authors: Jacob Korula
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Source Citation Gonzalez R, Zamora J, Gomez-Camarero J, et al. Meta-analysis: Combination endoscopic and drug therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:109-22. 18626050
Retain clinical excellence awards, but cap sum and number of recipients, says DDRB
Authors: H. Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Clinical excellence and distinction awards for consultants in the NHS in the United Kingdom should be retained, but the maximum sums on offer and the number of awards available should be capped, the Review Body on Doctors’ and Dentists’ Remuneration (DDRB) has said.

The independent body’s report says that national awards should be available to a maximum of 10% of consultants and be capped at £40 000 (€49 000; $65 000) a year, £35 000 less than at present. Local awards should be available to 25% of doctors and be capped at £35 000 a year, it says.1

In 2010, 9.7% of UK consultants and clinical academics held national clinical excellence or distinction awards, worth …
RENAL CALCULUS IN CHILDHOOD: WITH A REPORT OF TWO SUCCESSFUL CASES OF NEPHRO-LITHOTOMY IN YOUNG CHILDREN
Authors: R. Ollerenshaw
Journal: BMJ (1913)

f 1 2 II;DICAT.JOURNA.L I 18A 1913 is,tonic s oxidizied inthe body, so thlat isotonic (lextrose soluition is more cfficient as a source of Wtater thlan an eqhial 'roluimie of isotonic salt solutiol -In coniclusion we-desire to thlalik Dr. Hale WhIlite, Mr.
CACTUS GRANDIFLORUS AXD CACTIN OR CACTINA.
Authors: R. A. HATCHER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

There has never been an analysis of<i>Cactus grandiflorus</i>made and very little is known of its chemistry, nevertheless there are on the market certainly widely advertised proprietary, or semi-proprietary, preparations said to contain definite quantities of cactina or cactin, described as an alkaloid or, less definitely, as a concentration, on which the therapeutic activity of the several preparations depends. While cactin is said to be a<i>concentration</i>, the manufacturers of cardiac tonic (cactin) claim that each pillet contains 1/134 grain, a very unusual and minute dose, and explicable only on the assumption that its potency and constancy of composition are comparable to such alkaloids as strychnin and atropin. <i>Cactus grandiflorus</i>(Linné),<i>Cereus grandiflorus</i>(Miller and De Candolle), is a member of a large family, and an understanding of the subject necessitates the consideration of other members of the cactus family, for there is probably a certain amount of confusion
Benefits and Harms of Pediatric Antidepressant Medications
Authors: Jonathan L. Edwards, Karen K. Kirk, Chand K. Midha
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DOES QUININE IN THE INDUCTION OF LABOR HAVE A DELETERIOUS EFFECT ON THE FETUS?
Authors: E. L. KING
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Quinine for many years has been credited with oxytocic properties, but there appears to be some difference of opinion as regards its efficiency when so employed. Sollmann<sup>1</sup>states that "moderate doses of quinine stimulate, and high doses depress, the contractions and tone of the uterus, excised and in situ. The stimulant action increases with the excitability of the uterus in the process of pregnancy. Clinically, quinine has little or no effects unless the pains have started. It is therefore ineffective for inducing premature labor." He further states that it is used clinically to stimulate weak labor pains but adds that it is often difficult to prove the clinical response after oral administration because of the slow absorption. Dodek,<sup>2</sup>working in the same institution under Sollmann's guidance and employing a new recording apparatus, found that the drug had no effect when administered to two pregnant women at term and
Detection and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast-Reply
Authors: David L. Page
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are not surprised at the diverse responses to the article by Dr Ernster and colleagues<sup>1</sup>and our Editorial because we are all in a transition phase in the acceptance of and therapeutic responses to the heterogeneity of breast cancer, particularly DCIS. It was our opinion of the response of the popular press that most felt that too many women were getting mastectomies, while we thought that it was surprising that so many women were not undergoing mastectomy. Perhaps this is just a matter of perspective and bias of optimism vs pessimism. If our comments accepting this change toward conservative treatment of DCIS and looking forward to more certain evidence from multicenter trials constitutes speaking out of both sides of our mouths (as noted by Dr Vikram), then we so confess. It is not uncommon for surgical practice to change gradually over time as witnessed by the transition to
Severe hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high density lipoprotein, and neonatal death in lipoprotein lipase knockout mice. Mild hypertriglyceridemia with impaired very low density lipoprotein clearance in heterozygotes.
Authors: P H Weinstock, C L Bisgaier, K Aalto-Setälä, H Radner, R Ramakrishnan, S Levak-Frank, A D Essenburg, R Zechner, J L Breslow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-deficient mice have been created by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. At birth, homozygous knockout pups have threefold higher triglycerides and sevenfold higher VLDL cholesterol levels than controls. When permitted to suckle, LPL-deficient mice become pale, then cyanotic, and finally die at approximately 18 h of age. Before death, triglyceride levels are severely elevated (15,087 +/- 3,805 vs 188 +/- 71 mg/dl in controls). Capillaries in tissues of homozygous knockout mice are engorged with chylomicrons. This is especially significant in the lung where marginated chylomicrons prevent red cell contact with the endothelium, a phenomenon which is presumably the cause of cyanosis and death in these mice. Homozygous knockout mice also have diminished adipose tissue stores as well as decreased intracellular fat droplets. By crossbreeding with transgenic mice expressing human LPL driven by a muscle-specific promoter, mouse lines were generated that express LPL exclusively in muscle but not in any other tissue. This tissue-specific LPL expression rescued the LPL knockout mice and normalized their lipoprotein pattern. This supports the contention that hypertriglyceridemia caused the death of these mice and that LPL expression in a single tissue was sufficient for rescue. Heterozygous LPL knockout mice survive to adulthood and have mild hypertriglyceridemia, with 1.5-2-fold elevated triglyceride levels compared with controls in both the fed and fasted states on chow, Western-type, or 10% sucrose diets. In vivo turnover studies revealed that heterozygous knockout mice had impaired VLDL clearance (fractional catabolic rate) but no increase in transport rate. In summary, total LPL deficiency in the mouse prevents triglyceride removal from plasma, causing death in the neonatal period, and expression of LPL in a single tissue alleviates this problem. Furthermore, half-normal levels of LPL cause a decrease in VLDL fractional catabolic rate and mild hypertriglyceridemia, implying that partial LPL deficiency has physiological consequences.