tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2593: A novel small molecule drug (LWKS) for pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Yan Wang, Yoshiko Maeda, Sheng Qin, Kit Lam, Ruiwu Liu, Pappanaicken R. Kumaresan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) currently stands at approximately 29,000 new cases per year in North America and lack of effective therapies leads to an extremely poor prognosis. Since pancreatic cancers respond poorly to chemotherapy, more effective and less toxic treatment is a crucial need. We have employed a biological assay (MTS assay) to identify small molecular compounds that induce cytotoxicity specifically in pancreatic cancer cells and not in normal cells by screening large number of compounds from various combinatorial chemical library. Commercially available PDAC cells derived from various stages of pancreatic cancer were used for screening. For normal cells, immortalized epithelial cells isolated from pancreatic duct (h-tert HPNE) were used. One of the compounds, LWKS (MW: 547.94) kills pancreatic cancer cells and not the normal HPNE cells. LWKS kills pancreatic cancer cells isolated from all the four stages and the EC50 is in the range of 2 – 10 µM, whereas for normal cells is 70 µM. Maximum tolerated dose is 80 mg/kg of body weight. At 20 mg/Kg body weight, it showed significant tumor shrinkage in human PDAC xenografts mice model when compared to PBS controls. The tumor reduction was monitored by measuring the tumor volume for two times per week for 8 weeks. All the animal safety procedures were followed as described by AALAC. At this dosage level no toxicity was observed in the mice model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2593. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2593
Research bureaucracy in the United Kingdom: Ethics committees have important roles in research
Authors: David A Walsh, Michael Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Jamrozik discusses the lost plot of research ethics paperwork in the issue of 31 July highlighting that ethics committees are out of control and discouraging research.1 NHS research ethics committees comprise volunteers who give up their time freely to mediate society's desire to protect potential research participants.

If anything can be learnt from recent high profile cases, such as …
Abstract 94: Epigenetic silencing of CDO1 sustains viability of breast cancer cells via the reduction of cellular ROS
Authors: Jana Jeschke, Heather O'Hagan, Wei Zhang, Marilia F. Calmon, Mashaal Dhir, Leander van Neste, Ingrid Bijsmans, Edward Gabrielson, Kornel E. Schuebel, Stephen B. Baylin, Andreas Winterpacht, James G. Herman, Nita Ahuja
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Approaches to analyze genome-wide methylation changes have become an extraordinary useful tool to identify thousands of new candidate hypermethylated genes in cancer. Numerous comprehensive approaches have been initiated to begin to understand the biological significance of the vast amount of methylation data generated and by this, novel tumor suppressor genes, biomarkers for early detection and prognosis prediction of cancer, and molecular mechanisms underlying tumor growth control have been discovered. In this study, we explore the candidate hypermethylated gene Cysteine Dioxygenase Type 1 (CDO1), which was recently identified in breast cancer using a functionally proven genome-wide gene expression approach. Here, we show that the epigenetic inactivation of CDO1 enhances tumor growth and sustains viability of breast cancer cells via the reduction of cellular ROS. Moreover, we observed a cancer stage-dependent increase in CDO1 methylation frequency (DCIS: 50%, stage 1-2: 65% and stage 3-4: 90%) that coincides with elevated oxidative stress levels in advanced cancers. These findings support the hypothesis that cancer cells upregulate their antioxidant capacity in adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress. Lastly, we correlated CDO1 methylation status with clinicopathologic patient characteristics in a cohort of 186 patients. Methylation of CDO1 is significantly associated with prognostic parameters such as tumor stage, lymphovascular and perinodal invasion and predicts worse patient outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 94. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-94
No Other Gods: On Science and American Social Thought
Authors: John C. Burnham
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Charles Rosenberg is one of the most sensitive present-day historians of American medicine. In this book, his essays on the development of biomedical sciences and scientists are included with a smaller group of essays on the more general social history of American science. With one exception, they have all been published earlier. Medical and scientific ideas, Rosenberg maintains, interacted with the changing cultural and social environment and institutions in definite and important ways. In the mid-19th century, hereditarian beliefs were important clinically and resonated with "optimism and confident manipulativeness." Half a century later, hereditarianism played into new social problems and programs and helped justify pessimism. Class, sex, ethnicity, and religious attitudes, too, shaped American medicine and medical science but not always in obvious ways. Who would have thought that pietistic religious upbringing was an important factor both in launching the American public health movement and in fostering the best in
Economic Security for the Physician
Authors: John Alan Appleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE problem of economic security concerns the physician not only for himself but also for those dependent upon him — his wife, his children and occasionally his grandchildren, parents and other relatives. With certain limitations the analysis of these problems and lending of specialized assistance in their solution falls into the field of estate analysis or estate planning. This requires a knowledge of intricate aspects of the law — primarily in the fields of insurance, probate, wills, trusts, taxation and future interests. Unfortunately, specialists are as yet few, since the busy family attorney, enmeshed in a multitude of diverse phases . . .
Rheumatology and rehabilitation.
Authors: J J Duthie
Journal: BMJ (1972)

s article (p. 163) on the graphic presentation of the progress of labour, I wondered if any of your readers would be interested in the simple tabular guide to when to start worrying about the duration of labour that I use in teaching the pupil midwives here.It is based on the times to send for medical aid in the second stage that every pupil midwife knows and works in multiples of two and four.
Abstract 3907: Gene expression profile of aging-related genes in human gastric cancer development
Authors: Han Sang Kim, Sang Cheol Kim, Chan Hee Park, Sang Joon Shin, Joong Bae Ahn, Hei-Cheul Jeung, Hyun Cheol Chung, Jae Kyung Roh, Sun Young Rha
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Aging process modifies gene expression pattern and might be related to certain disease like cancer. As clinical outcome worsens with age, different molecular behavior of cancer between aging should be elucidated to accomplish future personalized medicine, especially in geriatric cancer patients. Methods: Primary gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained from 81 patients. cDNA microarray analysis was performed using 14,125 probes. To select differentially expressed genes between aging, multiple regression model considering age, sex, stage, and pathology was applied. Functional study and pathway analysis was performed through database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery (DAVID) and Ingenuity pathway analysis. Results: In normal tissues, two hundred and ninety-six genes were determined as aging-related genes that were involved in aging-process relation with mitochondria and ubiquitination. In tumor tissues, sixty-two genes were identified that showed significantly different expression according to age. Twenty genes were up-regulated and forty-two genes were down-regulated. Apoptosis (6 genes), carbohydrate metabolism (4 genes), cell cycle (8 genes), cellular proliferation (7 genes), DNA repair (3 genes), and inflammation (5 genes) were related. In pathway analysis with tumor tissues, gene expression was down-regulated with age in proliferation pathways including growth hormone, PI3K/Akt, TGF-β, and TNFR signaling. Furthermore, genes involved in tumor suppressor pathways involving apoptosis and PTEN were down-regulated in older tumors. Conclusions: As gastric cancer develops later, carcinogenesis is less dependent from proliferation, but also tumor suppressor pathways. Our results could be one explanation of less chemotherapy response and enhancing defense mechanism is needed in old-age gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3907. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3907
Chloramphenicol in Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infection
Authors: A. H. Ioannidis, J. McC. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1957)

BRUM 1157 oozing, but the injection area should not be massaged for fear of producing back-seepage of the injected material into a punctured vessel.All nurses, and other personnel who may be required to give penicillin injections, should receive instruction on the minutiae of the injection technique.6. Precaution Against Repetition.-All patients who have suffered an acute immediate reaction from the administration of penicillin should be given a card or disk indicating this fact, and this should be carried in the wallet or handbag. TreatmentThe fact that so many of the patients in this series recovered rapidly without treatment suggests that the claims made for this or that treatment may be unjustified, recovery occurring in spite of treatment rather than because of it.However, since it is impossible to forecast the train of events and there is a danger that severe bronchospasm may occur rapidly, it is best to regard every acute reaction as an anaphylactic one so far as immediate treatment is concerned.At the first sign of an acute reaction 0.5 ml. of a solution of adrenaline 1 in 1,000 should be injected intramuscularly.This should be repeated as required or injection of the solution continued at the rate of 0.1 ml. a minute until the attack shows signs of terminating.An intravenous antihistamine such as diphenhydramine hydrocloride in a dose of 50-100 mg., or of promethazine hydrochloride in a dose of 25-50 mg., may also have some value, but they tend to produce a state of drowsiness lasting several hours.Posi- tive-pressure oxygen should be administered where indicated and if available, and in cases where recovery is delayed intravenous hydrocortisone has been found to be valuable.Those patients who experience weakness and malaise for a considerable time after the reaction, such as Cases 5, 7, and 11 in this series and one of the cases described by Bell ( 1956), may benefit from the administration of neostigmine, as did three of the patients described by Winston and Nora (1955).Acute reactions believed to be due to procaine toxicity in which there is evidence of gross central stimulation, such as generalized convulsions, might be expected to benefit from the administration of an intravenous barbiturate.SummaryTwelve instances, from general practice, of acute immediate reactions following injection of preparations of penicillin are recorded.The nature of these reactions and their possible modes of production are discussed.It is suggested that they may be produced in one of three ways: (1) intra- muscular injection of penicillin in sensitized individuals;(2) accidental intravascular injection or back-seepage in sensitized individuals; or (3) accidental rapid intra- vascular injection of procaine penicillin suspensions.A scheme for minimizing the incidence and severity of these reactions is outlined and suggestions are made for treatment.
Authors' reply to Vorsters and colleagues
Authors: N. Pathak, J. Dodds, J. Zamora, K. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We thank Vorsters and colleagues for their insightful comments on our paper.1 2 We agree with Vorsters and colleagues and the editorialists that further research is needed to evaluate the impact of urine sampling procedures and testing protocols for the detection of HPV in urine.3 …
Evaluation of Coseasonality of Influenza and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: Results from Prospective Surveillance
Authors: Stefan P. Kuster, Ashleigh R. Tuite, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Allison McGeer, David N. Fisman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

The wintertime co-occurrence of peaks in influenza and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is well documented, but how and whether wintertime peaks caused by these two pathogens are causally related is still uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between influenza infection and IPD in Ontario, Canada, using several complementary methodological tools.We evaluated a total number of 38,501 positive influenza tests in Central Ontario and 6,191 episodes of IPD in the Toronto/Peel area, Ontario, Canada, between 1 January 1995 and 3 October 2009, reported through population-based surveillance. We assessed the relationship between the seasonal wave forms for influenza and IPD using fast Fourier transforms in order to examine the relationship between these two pathogens over yearly timescales. We also used three complementary statistical methods (time-series methods, negative binomial regression, and case-crossover methods) to evaluate the short-term effect of influenza dynamics on pneumococcal risk. Annual periodicity with wintertime peaks could be demonstrated for IPD, whereas periodicity for influenza was less regular. As for long-term effects, phase and amplitude terms of pneumococcal and influenza seasonal sine waves were not correlated and meta-analysis confirmed significant heterogeneity of influenza, but not pneumococcal phase terms. In contrast, influenza was shown to Granger-cause pneumococcal disease. A short-term association between IPD and influenza could be demonstrated for 1-week lags in both case-crossover (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for one case of IPD per 100 influenza cases = 1.10 [1.02-1.18]) and negative binomial regression analysis (incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] for one case of IPD per 100 influenza cases = 1.09 [1.05-1.14]).Our data support the hypothesis that influenza influences bacterial disease incidence by enhancing short-term risk of invasion in colonized individuals. The absence of correlation between seasonal waveforms, on the other hand, suggests that bacterial disease transmission is affected to a lesser extent. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Pheochromocytoma Associated with Prior Carotid Body Tumors (Chemodectomas)
Authors: RICHARD J. CAMPEAU, CHRISTY GRAVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Chemodectomas (carotid body tumors) were surgically removed on two occasions, first 10 years and then 3 months prior to detection with I-131 MIBG of an adrenal pheochromocytoma in a 32-year-old man with a family history of chemodectoma. Recent reports suggest patients with multiple and/or familial instances of chemodectoma frequently have associated catecholamine-secreting tumors detectable with I-131 or I-123 MIBG. This case documents the above association and suggests that any patient with proven carotid body tumor(s) be screened for catecholamine-secreting tumors via urinary/ plasma catecholamine determinations.
A Meta-analysis of the Association of the Deletion Allele of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nilesh J. Samani, John R. Thompson, Laurence O'Toole, Kevin Channer, Kent L. Woods
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The ACE gene is characterized by a polymorphism based on the presence (insertion [ I ]) or absence (deletion [ D ]) within intron 16 of a 287-basepair alu repeat sequence, resulting in three genotypes. Subsequent studies have produced conflicting findings. To further evaluate the association of the ACE I/D genotype with MI risk, we carried out a meta-analysis of all the published studies. Methods and Results In total, 15 studies containing 3394 MI cases and 5479 control subjects were analyzed. The overall distribution of genotypes in the control subjects was 22.7% II, 49.0% ID, and 28.3% DD . The mean odds ratio for MI for DD versus ID/II genotypes across all studies was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15, 1.39; P &lt;.0001). Pairwise odds ratios were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.19, 1.55) for DD and II, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.11, 1.38) for DD and ID, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.96, 1.23) for ID and II. The relative risk appeared to be increased in Japanese populations (2.55; 95% CI, 1.75, 3.70). Conclusions Within the limitations of the available data, the meta-analysis therefore supports an association of the ACE D allele with MI risk and strengthens the justification for further evaluation in appropriately powered studies.
Histopathological spectrum of erythema multiforme
Authors: T.R. BEDI, HERMANN PINKUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Lesions of erythema multiforeme from seventy-five patients have been studied histologically. In addition to peculiar intercellular epidermal oedema, subepidermal separation and a lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis, epidermal cell necrosis was observed in a variable percentage of the lesions. While dermal disturbance was a predominant finding in the macular lesions, focal or generalized keratinocytic necrosis was seen in the macular, papular, bullous and iris lesions in that order of frequency. Significant numbers of eosinophils were present in the inflammatory infiltrate in 60% of the bullous and 28% of the macular lesions. Our findings suggest that erythema nultiforme represents a tissue reaction with spectral expression, one end presenting as a predominantly dermal disturbance and the other merging into the adult type of toxic epidermal necrolysis. Yet, the histological features remain sufficiently characteristic for differentiation from other erythematous and vesiculobullous eruptions.
Press: The stigma of schizophrenia
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

When four psychiatrists published a study showing that six out of 23 schizophrenic patients carried weapons during psychotic episodes, little did they realise how their work would be presented to the public. The day after it appeared in the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Bulletin in 1998, banner headlines in the Sunday Express proclaimed: “Armed and dangerous: public at risk as mental patients escape the care net.” The Sunday Express journalist extrapolated that 1250 mentally ill patients in the community carried weapons and posed “a serious threat to public safety.” This claim was based on a figure quoted by the Zito Trust that 5000 schizophrenic patients in the community represented a danger to themselves or others.

Distortions of this kind are no surprise to mental health groups. Focus on Mental Health, an umbrella organisation, thinks that mentally ill people get a raw deal from the press, with words such as “maniac,” “schizo,” and “psycho” contributing to the stigma. Consequently, a year ago, it joined with the National Union of Journalists, the Department of Health, and Lilly Psychiatry to set up the Media Forum on …
Hormonally Mediated Diarrhea
Authors: Konrad H. Soergel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

In 1958, Verner and Morrison called attention to the coexistence of severe watery diarrhea and noninsulin-producing pancreatic islet-cell tumors.1 Some of these patients suffer from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, an entity that features diarrhea without concomitant peptic ulceration in about 7 per cent of cases.2 Diarrhea associated with this syndrome is due to intestinal flooding by excessive gastric and neutralizing pancreatic secretions.3 The disorder of the remaining cases described by Verner and Morrison has been given various labels, including Verner-Morrison syndrome, syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria (WDHA) and pancreatic cholera. Several common features are exhibited by these patients: severe . . .
Functional Identification of Tumor-Suppressor Genes through an In Vivo RNA Interference Screen in a Mouse Lymphoma Model
Authors: Anka Bric, Cornelius Miething, Carl Uli Bialucha, Claudio Scuoppo, Lars Zender, Alexander Krasnitz, Zhenyu Xuan, Johannes Zuber, Michael Wigler, James Hicks, Richard W. McCombie, Michael T. Hemann, Gregory J. Hannon, Scott Powers, Scott W. Lowe
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
The Pemberton and Maroni Signs
Authors: Paul G. Auwaerter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 June 1997The Pemberton and Maroni SignsPaul G. Auwaerter, MDPaul G. Auwaerter, MDJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, MD 21093Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-11-199706010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Drs. Wallace and Siminoski [1] have written a wonderful case report on the usefulness of the Pemberton sign as a physical diagnostic maneuver for detecting substernal goiter. The accompanying dramatic color photographs will no doubt leave readers with an indelible image. However, an additional uncommon physical finding can be seen in the photograph of the patient with his arms in the downward position. The erythema of the skin directly overlying the thyroid gland is termed the Maroni sign and is found in patients with hyperthyroidism [2]. The erythema is often seen in the discrete contour of the ...References1. Wallace C, Siminoski K. The Pemberton sign. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:568-9. Google Scholar2. Sapira JD. The Art and Science of Bedside Diagnosis. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1990:231. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul G. Auwaerter, MDAffiliations: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, MD 21093 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 11Page: 916KeywordsErythemaHyperthyroidismPruritusThyroidThyroid-stimulating hormone ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...