tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol consumption and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors in British women.
Authors: G. Razay, K. W. Heaton, C. H. Bolton, A. O. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the relation between alcohol consumption and risk factors for coronary heart disease in women. DESIGN--Cross sectional study of a stratified random sample of the population grouped into five categories of habitual alcohol consumption. SETTING--People registered with general practitioners at two large health centres in east Bristol, England. SUBJECTS--1048 women aged 25-69 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Fasting plasma concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, including its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3, and body mass index. RESULTS--Compared with non-drinkers women consuming a moderate amount of alcohol (1-20 g/day) had lower plasma concentrations of triglycerides, by 0.19 mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.35); cholesterol, by 0.4 mmol/l (0.19 to 0.61); and insulin, by 1.4 mU/l (0.43 to 1.97) and a lower body mass index, by 1.2 kg/m2 (0.43 to 1.97). They also had higher concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, by 0.09 mmol/l (0.03 to 0.15); HDL2 cholesterol by 0.05 mmol/l (-0.02 to 0.10) and HDL3 cholesterol, by 0.06 mmol/l (0.06 to 0.11). All these were independent of body mass index, smoking habits, and taking oral contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS--Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women. Insulin may have a central role.
Case 51-1963
Authors: David Littmann, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of Case First admission. A twenty-five-year-old man entered the hospital because of dyspnea.He was said to have been a "blue baby" at birth, and cyanosis and clubbing had always been present. Although his physical development was normal he never participated in childhood athletics because of dyspnea and squatted sometimes after exertion. During the five years before admission there was gradually increasing dyspnea on exertion, frequently necessitating the administration of oxygen, and he lost consciousness several times after physical stress. Three years before entry epistaxes occurred, and polycythemia was diagnosed; phlebotomy caused relief. He had never had edema, . . .
Keratin variants associate with progression of fibrosis during chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Pavel Strnad, Tim C. Lienau, Guo‐Zhong Tao, Laura C. Lazzeroni, Felix Stickel, Detlef Schuppan, M. Bishr Omary
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18) protect the liver from various forms of injury. Studies of liver explants from a large cohort of U.S. patients showed that K8/K18 mutations confer a risk to developing end-stage liver diseases, though which diseases are preferentially involved is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that K8/K18 variants are associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and that their presence correlates with progression of fibrosis. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of a well-characterized German cohort of 329 patients with CHC infection. Exonic regions were PCR-amplified and analyzed using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing. Our findings showed: (1) amino acid altering keratin heterozygous variants in 24 of 329 CHC patients (7.3%) and non-coding heterozygous variants in 26 patients (7.8%), and (2) 3 new exonic K8 variants (T26R/G55A/A359T); 6 novel non-coding variants and one K18 coding variant (K18 S230T; 2 patients). The most common variants were K8 R341H (10 patients), K8 G62C (6 patients) and K8 I63V (4 patients). A novel and exclusive association of an intronic KRT8 IVS7+10delC deletion in all 10 patients with K8 R341H was observed. Notably, there was a significant association of exonic, but not of intronic K8 variants with increased fibrosis. In conclusion, previously described and novel K8 variants are present in a German population and collectively associate with progression of fibrosis in CHC infection. The unique 100% segregation of the most common K8 variant, R341H, with an intronic deletion suggests that one of these two genetic changes might lead to the other.
Breaking a Vicious Cycle
Authors: Daniel F. Hayes, Jeff Allen, Carolyn Compton, Gary Gustavsen, Debra G. B. Leonard, Robert McCormack, Lee Newcomer, Kristin Pothier, David Ransohoff, Richard L. Schilsky, Ellen Sigal, Sheila E. Taube, Sean R. Tunis
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Despite prodigious advances in tumor biology research, few tumor-biomarker tests have been adopted as standard clinical practice. This lack of reliable tests stems from a vicious cycle of undervaluation, resulting from inconsistent regulatory standards and reimbursement, as well as insufficient investment in research and development, scrutiny of biomarker publications by journals, and evidence of analytical validity and clinical utility. We offer recommendations designed to serve as a roadmap to break this vicious cycle and call for a national dialogue, as changes in regulation, reimbursement, investment, peer review, and guidelines development require the participation of all stakeholders.
ORAL SOLUTIONS FOR CHOLERA
Authors: DONALD H. KUIPER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 October 1969ORAL SOLUTIONS FOR CHOLERADONALD H. KUIPER, M.D.DONALD H. KUIPER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-4-868_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: I read with interest the paper by Pierce and associates: Replacement of water and electrolyte losses in cholera by an oral glucose-electrolyte solution. Ann. Intern. Med. 70: 1173, 1969.I have administered oral 10% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride to a patient with copious watery diarrhea of 3 to 4 liters/24 hr secondary to lymphoma of the small bowel. The administration of this solution was very nauseating to the patient and to the physicians who sampled the solution. Patient acceptance was increased by mixing Tang—a flavoring agent and ice cubes with each serving of the glucose-electrolyte solution....References1. HUNTMACDONALDSPURELL JNIWR: The gastric response to pectin meals of high osmotic pressure. J. Physiol. 115: 185, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FORDTRANLEVITANBIKERMANBURROWSINGELFINGER JSRVBAFJ: The kinetics of water absorption in the human intestine. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phys. 74: 195, 1961. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. FORDTRANLOCKLEAR JSTW: Ionic constituants and osmolality of gastric and small-intestinal fluids after eating. Amer. J. Dig. Dis. 11: 503, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PIERCEBANWELLMITRACARANASOSKEIMOWITZMONDALMANJI NFJGRCGJRIAPM: Effect of intragastric glucose-electrolyte infusion upon water and electrolyte balance in Asiatic cholera. Gastroenterology 55: 333, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1969Volume 71, Issue 4Page: 868-869KeywordsCholeraDiarrheaGlucoseLymphomaSaline solutions Issue Published: 1 October 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Epidermal Growth Factor Gene Functional Polymorphism and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Kenneth K. Tanabe, Antoinette Lemoine, Dianne M. Finkelstein, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Tsutomu Fujii, Raymond T. Chung, Gregory Y. Lauwers, Yakup Kulu, Alona Muzikansky, Darshini Kuruppu, Michael Lanuti, Jonathan M. Goodwin, Daniel Azoulay, Bryan C. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Context Overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the liver induces transformation to hepatocellular carcinoma in animal models. Polymorphisms in the EGF gene modulate EGF levels. Objective To assess the relationship among human EGF gene single-nucleotide polymorphism, EGF expression, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Design, Setting, and Participants Molecular mechanisms linking the 61*G allele polymorphism to EGF expression were examined in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and human liver tissue. A case-control study involving 207 patients with cirrhosis was conducted at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1999-2006) and a validation case-control study involving 121 patients with cirrhosis was conducted at Hôpital Paul Brousse (1993-2006). Restriction fragment-length polymorphism was used to determine the EGF gene polymorphism genotype. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between the EGF polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Main Outcome Measures Mechanisms by which the EGF gene polymorphism modulates EGF levels and associations among EGF gene polymorphism, EGF levels, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Results Transcripts from the EGF 61*G allele exhibited more than a 2-fold longer half-life than those from the 61*A allele, and EGF secretion was 2.3-fold higher in G/G hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines than A/A cell lines. Serum EGF levels were 1.8-fold higher in G/G patients than A/A patients, and liver EGF levels were 2.4-fold higher in G/G patients than A/A patients. Among the 207 patients with cirrhosis in the Massachusetts study population, 59 also had hepatocellular carcinoma. Analysis of the distribution of allelic frequencies revealed that there was a 4-fold odds of hepatocellular carcinoma in G/G patients compared with A/A patients in the Massachusetts study population (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-9.6; P = .002). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the number of copies of G was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma after adjusting for age, sex, race, etiology, and severity of cirrhosis (G/G or A/G vs A/A; hazard ratio, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.29-9.44; P = .01). The significant association was validated in the French patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion The EGF gene polymorphism genotype is associated with risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver cirrhosis through modulation of EGF levels.
Former Treasury adviser weighs in against PFI
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Procurement of new NHS buildings through the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is “artificially promoted and protected” because the evidence in its favour is so poor, a former health economist at the Treasury claims.

Jon Sussex, now associate director of the Office of Health Economics, identifies “a dissonance between publicly stated and privately confided views” among NHS managers, their advisers, and civil servants on the wisdom of pursuing the initiative. …
Cutaneous vasculitis and immune complexes in severe bronchiectasis.
Authors: A M Hilton, P S Hasleton, A Bradlow, B C Leahy, K M Cooper, M Moore
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Four patients with severe bronchiectasis (chronic bronchial suppuration) are described who developed cutaneous lesions associated with exacerbations of their respiratory disease. The skin abnormalities consisted of purpuric lesions in three patients and an erythematous vasculitis in one. Circulating immune complexes were present in all patients and in three skin biopsy specimens showed deposition of C3, IgG, and IgA in dermal blood vessels. Haemophilus influenzae had been isolated from the sputum of all four patients and in two patients was present at the time the cutaneous lesions appeared. It is suggested that local immune complex deposition was responsible for the skin lesions which occurred during acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis.
Appearance of multidisperse low density lipoprotein and altered lipoprotein composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Norihiro Suzuki, Shin-ichi Oikawa, Saburo Hori, Yutaka Fujii, Eriko Sakuma, Hidetoshi Kotake, Kazuyuki Namai, Kazuko Yoshie, Yoshio Goto
Journal: Metabolism (1989)
Death without the sting
Authors: J. McGarry
Journal: BMJ (2011)

It’s payback time, thinks retired surgeon and gynaecologist John McGarry 



Duncan Smith

The first dead person I saw was in 1956 on entering the dissecting room at Bristol Medical School. After the initial distaste was overcome, delicately cutting up a dead body became a pleasurable collegiate exercise with chat to fellows on the other side of the lead covered table, forming friendships that have been sustained lifelong.

Each Thursday, we had a viva on the previous week’s dissection, and I mostly got As and Bs. However, on Thursday 26 July 1956 I was rewarded with an E, as the day before I had joined …
Biomedical Laboratories and Criminal Liability for Cruelty to Animals
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The efforts of animal-welfare groups in the United States to sponsor national legislation that places stricter controls on the use of laboratory animals have been increasing in recent years. There is also considerable activity internationally, especially in Western Europe. A national referendum will soon go on the ballot in Switzerland that entirely prohibits the use of animals in biomedical research. A recent straw vote of Swiss citizens indicted that a majority of potential voters support the referendum. The Council of Europe at Strasbourg has prepared for presentation to the European nations a draft convention installing a highly detailed system of . . .
Brief lifestyle interventions for hypertension: Authors' reply
Authors: Paul Little, Jo Kelly, Jane Barnett, Martina Dorward, Barrie Margetts, Daniel Warm
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Cappuccio's suggestions do not explain the results.

Nurses measured blood pressure by using semiautomated monitors (minimising measurement bias) and gave structured advice in all groups (minimising placebo effect1 2). Any bias is likely to favour the active interventions, and there was no evidence of this.

General practitioners and nurses were asked to refer patients after two to three readings, using appropriate …
Cord blood allergen-specific IgE is associated with reduced IFN-γ production by cord blood cells: The Protection against Allergy—Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE) study
Authors: Petra Ina Pfefferle, Serdar Sel, Markus Johannes Ege, Gisela Büchele, Nicole Blümer, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann, Ileana Herzum, Christoph E. Albers, Roger P. Lauener, Marjut Roponen, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Dominique A. Vuitton, Josef Riedler, Bert Brunekreef, Jean-Charles Dalphin, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Juha Pekkanen, Erika von Mutius, Harald Renz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Study of in vitro crossreactivity by determining specific IgE in patients with immediate adverse reactions to cephalosporins
Authors: M.J. Torres, C. Mayorga, J.L. Rodriguez-Bada, E. Perez-Inestrosa, M.I. Montañez, R. Suau, A.G. Romano, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Extent of Regulation of the Heart's Contractile State in the Conscious Dog by Alteration in the Frequency of Contraction
Authors: Charles B. Higgins, Stephen F. Vatner, Dean Franklin, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The effects of alterations in the frequency of contraction over the range from 94 to 220/min on left ventricular pressure, diameter, and dP/dt were studied in 10 dogs instrumented with ultrasonic diameter ganges and miniature pressure gauges. The same dogs were studied on separate days in the conscious state, after general anesthesia with pentobarbital Na, 30 mg/kg, and in the conscious state after pretreatment with propranolol, 3 mg/kg. End diastolic diameter was maintained constant during alterations in frequency by infusing saline intravenously. The maximum increases in peak dP/dt and dP/dt/P in the conscious state were 14 and 10%, respectively. After anesthesia, raising the frequency of contraction from 122 to 220/min caused maximum increases in peak dP/dt and dP/dt/P of 36 and 30%, respectively. In the conscious state after cardiac depression by propranolol, the maximum increases in peak dP/dt and dP/dt/P were 23 and 23%, respectively. Thus, increasing the frequency of contraction of the normal heart of the conscious dog causes only a slight inotropic effect, but this effect is significantly greater in the presence of myocardial depression produced by anesthesia with pentobarbital Na or in the conscious animal after a myocardial-depressing dose of propranolol.
Book Review Atlas of Head and Neck Surgery — Otolaryngology Edited by Byron J. Bailey, Karen H. Calhoun, Amy R. Coffey, and J. Gail Neely. 934 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott–Raven, 1996. $225. 0-397-51315-1
Authors: Mark K. Wax
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
Letter by De Miguel Castro et al Regarding Article, “Platelet Reactivity and Cardiovascular Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Time-Dependent Analysis of the Gauging Responsiveness With a VerifyNow P2Y12 Assay: Impact on Thrombosis and Safety (GRAVITAS) Trial”
Authors: Antonio De Miguel Castro, Alejandro Diego Nieto, Armando Pérez de Prado
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics: do they work for insomnia?
Authors: D. Cunnington
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The development of novel therapies against neurodegenerative disorders requires the ability to detect their early, presymptomatic manifestations in order to enable treatment before irreversible cellular damage occurs. Precocious signs indicative of neurodegeneration include characteristic changes in certain protein levels, which can be used as diagnostic biomarkers when they can be detected in fluids such as blood plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. In the case of synucleinopathies, cerebrospinal alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has attracted great interest as a potential biomarker; however, there is ongoing debate regarding the association between cerebrospinal α-syn levels and neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease and synucleinopathies. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as important determinants of α-syn9s physiological and pathological functions. Several PTMs are enriched within Lewy bodies and exist at higher levels in α-synucleinopathy brains, suggesting that certain modified forms of α-syn might be more relevant biomarkers than the total α-syn levels. However, the quantification of PTMs in bodily fluids poses several challenges. This review describes the limitations of current immunoassay-based α-syn quantification methods and highlights how these limitations can be overcome using novel mass-spectrometry-based assays. In addition, we describe how advances in chemical synthesis, which have enabled the preparation of α-syn proteins that are site-specifically modified at single or multiple residues, can facilitate the development of more accurate assays for detecting and quantifying α-syn PTMs in health and disease.
Expression of large tenascin-C splice variants by hepatic stellate cells/myofibroblasts in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Amro El-Karef, Masahiko Kaito, Hideaki Tanaka, Kazuo Ikeda, Tomohiro Nishioka, Naoki Fujita, Hiroyasu Inada, Yukihiko Adachi, Norifumi Kawada, Yuji Nakajima, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida, Toshimichi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Cantharide acantholysis: endogenous protease activation leading to desmosomal plaque dissolution
Authors: B. BERTAUX, C. PROST, M. HESLAN, L. DUBERTRET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Using a method which allowed us to study the morphological consequences of the expression and the inhibition of proteases in living tissues, we demonstrated that the primary detectable cellular event in cantharide acantholysis is the dissolution of the dense plaque, leading to the detachment of tonofilaments from desmosomes. This process is inhibited by neutral serine protease inhibitors. This suggests that the desmosome-tonofilament complex, more precisely the desmosomal dense plaque, is the primary target of activated proteases during cantharide acantholysis, and can be disrupted by a specific epidermal protease-anti protease system. Cantharide acantholysis may be useful model for studying desmosomal turnover.
Treatment of vitiligo lesions by ReCell<sup>®</sup>vs. conventional melanocyte–keratinocyte transplantation: a pilot study
Authors: S.V. Mulekar, B. Ghwish, A. Al Issa, A. Al Eisa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Treatment of vitiligo lesions by ReCell® vs. conventional melanocyte–keratinocyte transplantation: a pilot study Get access S.V. Mulekar, S.V. Mulekar National Center for Vitiligo and Psoriasis, Post Box 300320, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia Correspondence: Sanjeev V. Mulekar. E‐mail: mulekar@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Ghwish, B. Ghwish National Center for Vitiligo and Psoriasis, Post Box 300320, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Al Issa, A. Al Issa National Center for Vitiligo and Psoriasis, Post Box 300320, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Al Eisa A. Al Eisa National Center for Vitiligo and Psoriasis, Post Box 300320, Riyadh 11372, Saudi Arabia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 1, 1 January 2008, Pages 45–49, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08216.x Published: 01 January 2008
Beneficial effect of 15% azelaic acid cream on acne vulgaris
Authors: M. NAZZARO-PORRO, S. PASSI, M. PICARDO, A. BREATHNACH, R. CLAYTON, G. ZINA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Journal Article Beneficial effect of 15% azelaic acid cream on acne vulgaris Get access M. NAZZARO‐PORRO, M. NAZZARO‐PORRO Instituto Dermatologico S. Gallicano, Rome Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. PASSI, S. PASSI Instituto Dermatologico S. Gallicano, Rome Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. PICARDO, M. PICARDO Instituto Dermatologico S. Gallicano, Rome Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. BREATHNACH, A. BREATHNACH St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London Prof. A.S. Breathnach, Dept. of Anatomy, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. CLAYTON, R. CLAYTON St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. ZINA G. ZINA Clinica Dermatologica dell Universita, Turin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 109, Issue 1, 1 July 1983, Pages 45–48, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb03990.x Published: 01 July 1983 Article history Accepted: 18 January 1983 Published: 01 July 1983
Drug users need more choices at addiction treatment facilities
Authors: A. Alaei, K. Alaei
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The brothers <b>Arash and Kamiar Alaei</b>—internationally celebrated doctors who advanced treatment for drug users in Iran but were imprisoned, to the vociferous protest of the international medical community (<i>BMJ</i> 2009;338:b109, doi:10.1136/bmj.b109)—set out their experiences and hopes for harm reduction