tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RADICAL CURE OF HYDROCELE.
Authors: D. C. HAWLEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The only known method of effecting a certain, absolute and permanent cure of a hydrocele, is to bring about the complete obliteration of the cavity of the tunica vaginalis.<sup>1</sup> The methods usually employed by surgeons at the present time for the radical cure of hydrocele, are the injection method and the method by open incision. The treatment by injection fails in some cases, from the fact, no doubt, of its being improperly or poorly done. Again, it often fails in cases of very large hydrocele, and invariably in cases in which there is much thickening of the tunic, thereby preventing perfect collapse of the same. Treatment by iodin injection is usually painful, and is attended with intense swelling and tenderness of the scrotum. Three to five days must be spent in bed, and three or four weeks are often necessary for perfect recovery. Injection of carbolic acid is, in
Taking Telemedicine to the Top of the World
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene Therapy — Promise, Pitfalls, and Prognosis
Authors: Jeffrey M. Leiden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The application of molecular genetics to human biology has had a profound effect on our ability to understand, diagnose, and treat a variety of diseases. The identification and cloning of a number of disease-related genes has provided us with a powerful set of tools for identifying susceptibility to disease and, more important, understanding the molecular pathophysiology of many disorders. More recently, the revolution in molecular medicine has also generated considerable enthusiasm for gene therapy.Somatic gene therapy is the introduction and expression of recombinant genes in somatic cells for the purpose of treating a disease. Although barely five years old, . . .
Tintinalli’s Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide
Authors: Suzanne Dooley-Hash
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Remarks on Excision of the Rectum, with a Report of Fourteen Cases, and a New Rectal Truss
Authors: F. T. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1895)

IICALJ 519 lost his life, and from which he never made a complete recovery.There was a tender lump left in the right iliac fossa, which became the seat of pain and swelling on movement and after any error in diet.The appendix was found buried in a dense mass of fibrous tissue, adherent to the abdominal wall.It was difficult to demonstrate the abdominal cavity, and in order to remove the appendix, which was inseparable from the adhe- sions around it, some of the muscular tissue of the belly wall had to be removed.The mass removed was the size and shape of a large walnut.The buried appendix contained pus.The omentum was adherent.The operation occupied an hour and a-half.The great difficulty was in entering the abdominal cavity.A speedy incision would have involved the ceacum, which was adherent immediately under the surface wound.The patient's recovery was delayed by a small abscess which appeared in the wound after a definite exposure to cold and after the patient was about again, two months after the operation.CASE XI.In which a Stony Concretion wa8found.-Thepatient was a boy of 10.The operation was performed in December, 1894.A year previously he had had a very severe attack of localised peritonitis, which at one period closely resembled typhoid fever.Subsequent to this he had eight definite attacks of perityphlitis, two of which were very severe.The boy was rendered an invalid.The operation was much complicated by adhe- sions, which extended as far as the median tine.The ceacum, terminal ileum, appendix, and free end of the omentum formed one confused mass.The appendix was discovered with difficulty.It was buried in a clump of adhesions derived from the omentum.Its tip was represented by a slough.Its cavity contained muco-pus and a small hard stony con- cretion the size and shape of a cherry stone.The patient made an un- interrupted recovery.CASE XII.The Appendix Closed by Bending.-Alady, aged 24, whose appendix was removed on January 9th, 1895.The first attack was four years ago; since then there had been twelve definite attacks and many minor ones.The patient was rendered more or less of an invalid.The operation was very simple.There were no adhesions except those on the appendix, which was acutely bent upon itself as in Case ix.The tube beyond the bend contained pus.An enlarged lymphatic gland near by was removed The patient has made a good recovery.CASE XIII.In which it was impossible to Remove the Appendix.-OperationJanuary 17th, 1825.The patient, a lady of 25, had her first attack four years ago; since then she has had on an average eight attacks in the
Deoxyribonucleic acid damage/repairproteins are elevated in the failing human myocardium due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, Marc Vanderheyden, Michiel W.M Knaapen, Wouter Tack, Mark M Kockx, Marc Goethals
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Composition of the early intestinal microbiota
Authors: Fiona Fouhy, R. Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Catherine Stanton, Paul D. Cotter
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The colonization, development and maturation of the newborn gastrointestinal tract that begins immediately at birth and continues for two years, is modulated by numerous factors including mode of delivery, feeding regime, maternal diet/weight, probiotic and prebiotic use and antibiotic exposure pre-, peri- and post-natally. While in the past, culture-based approaches were used to assess the impact of these factors on the gut microbiota, these have now largely been replaced by culture-independent DNA-based approaches and most recently, high-throughput sequencing-based forms thereof. The aim of this review is to summarize recent research into the modulatory factors that impact on the acquisition and development of the infant gut microbiota, to outline the knowledge recently gained through the use of culture-independent techniques and, in particular, highlight advances in high-throughput sequencing and how these technologies have, and will continue to, fill gaps in our knowledge with respect to the human intestinal microbiota.
Veneers of Venereal Disease
Authors: Francis A. Pelum
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Although very much has recently been published in medical journals urging physicians to join the "campaign" against venereal disease, dishearteningly little has been reaffirmed about the basic epidemiology, and the ideal preventive, of this scourge. The statistics shown to us must certainly be true. Throughout the nation, the incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea is sharply increasing. An integral part of this increase is the horrifying extent of the diseases in the young, and the sickening increase due to homosexuality. I see no gain in deceiving ourselves, much less those whose health is entrusted to our care, by stating that the medical profession is capable of rapidly curing and eradicating both of these diseases. Nor is it true that the spread of these diseases is a measure of failure of the medical practitioner. One medical source has gone so far as to say that medical societies should "exert
FDG PET for Discrimination Between Tumor Extension and Blood Thrombus as a Cause for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Important Role in Exclusion of Transplant Candidacy
Authors: Jelica Kurtovic, Hans Van Der Wall, Stephen M. Riordan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

In patients with cirrhosis and complicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver transplantation (LT) offers the only hope for cure of both the HCC and cirrhosis. Recent data indicate that patients with HCC with larger intrahepatic tumor burdens than previously thought can expect excellent long-term survival with LT. However, tumor extension into the portal vein remains an absolute contraindication to LT because of early tumor recurrence. Although portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is readily detected by dynamic computed tomography or Doppler ultrasound, these do not discriminate between tumor extension and blood thrombus, which occurs commonly in cirrhosis, as the cause. We report a 46-year-old man with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis complicated by HCC and PVT. Positron emission tomography using F-18 FDG showed the cause of PVT to be tumor extension rather than blood thrombus, thereby contraindicating LT. In patients with HCC with PVT, abnormal F-18 FDG uptake in the portal vein indicates tumor thrombus and plays an important role in excluding LT candidacy.
Selective Binding Site for [3H]Prostacyclin on Platelets
Authors: Adelaide M. Siegl, J. Bryan Smith, Melvin J. Silver, K. C. Nicolaou, D. Ahern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is the most potent, naturally occurring inhibitor of platelet aggregation known. To determine whether PGI(2) is bound by platelets, high specific activity [9-(3)H]PGI(2) was synthesized by iodination and subsequent base treatment of the labeled precursor [9-(3)H]prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha) methyl ester. Binding experiments were performed at room temperature with normal citrated human platelet-rich plasma that contained [(14)C]sucrose or [(14)C]PGF(1alpha) as an internal marker for the extracellular space. Binding of [(3)H]PGI(2) plateaued within 2 min and this bond radioactivity could be displaced rapidly by excess nonradioactive PGI(2). Scatchard analysis of concentration-dependent binding yielded a hyperbolic plot which appeared to be caused by the existence of two classes of binding sites. The higher affinity class has a dissociation constant of 12.1+/-2.7 nM and a capacity of 93 (+/-21)sites per platelet. The lower affinity class had a dissociation constant of 0.909+/-.236 muM and a capacity of 2,700+/-700 sites per platelet. The relative ability of PGI(2), PGE(1), PGE(2), and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) to displace [(3)H]PGI(2) initially bound to the higher affinity class of sites were 100:5:<0.3: <0.3. These relative abilities parallel the relative potencies of these compounds as inhibitors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. However PGD(2), which is more potent than PGE(1) as an inhibitor of aggregation, did not displace bound [(3)H]PGI(2). The higher affinity binding site for PGI(2) appears to be the specific receptor through which PGI(2) exerts its effect on platelets.
The Lethal Dummy
Authors: G. P. Stilley
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is involved in the regulation of vascular tone. We hypothesized that the lowering of calcium and opening of potassium (K) channels as well as calcium-independent mechanisms are involved in H<sub>2</sub>S-induced relaxation in rat mesenteric small arteries. Amperometric recordings revealed that free [H<sub>2</sub>S] after addition to closed tubes of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), Na<sub>2</sub>S, and GYY4137 [<i>P</i>-(4-methoxyphenyl)-<i>P</i>-4-morpholinyl-phosphinodithioic acid] were, respectively, 14%, 17%, and 1% of added amount. The compounds caused equipotent relaxations in isometric myographs, but based on the measured free [H<sub>2</sub>S], GYY4137 caused more relaxation in relation to released free H<sub>2</sub>S than NaHS and Na<sub>2</sub>S in rat mesenteric small arteries. Simultaneous measurements of [H<sub>2</sub>S] and tension showed that 15 <i>µ</i>M of free H<sub>2</sub>S caused 61% relaxation in superior mesenteric arteries. Simultaneous measurements of smooth muscle calcium and tension revealed that NaHS lowered calcium and caused relaxation of NE-contracted arteries, while high extracellular potassium reduced NaHS relaxation without corresponding calcium changes. In NE-contracted arteries, NaHS (1 mM) lowered the phosphorylation of myosin light chain, while phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 remained unchanged. Protein kinase A and G, inhibitors of guanylate cyclase, failed to reduce NaHS relaxation, whereas blockers of voltage-gated K<sub>V</sub>7 channels inhibited NaHS relaxation, and blockers of mitochondrial complex I and III abolished NaHS relaxation. Our findings suggest that low micromolar concentrations of free H<sub>2</sub>S open K channels followed by lowering of smooth muscle calcium, and by another mechanism involving mitochondrial complex I and III leads to uncoupling of force, and hence vasodilation.
Surgeon blamed beginner's bad luck for cardiac deaths
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Janardan Dhasmana, one of two Bristol heart surgeons charged with serious professional misconduct over high mortality among child patients, last week blamed “beginner's bad luck” for some of the deaths.

Mr Dhasmana told the General Medical Council that he had persuaded colleagues at Bristol Royal Infirmary to start up a programme of arterial switch operations for transposition of the great arteries in 1988. He and another surgeon at Bristol, James Wisheart, are accused of going ahead with operations despite concerns about high death rates. Mr Wisheart, who has already given evidence, is accused of misleading parents about the risks involved. Dr John Roylance, the trust's former chief executive, is charged with failing to use his authority to stop the operations.

The case, which started in October and is not expected to end before June, is the most important to come before the council this …
Medicare Reimbursement for Intravenous Vancomycin at Home
Authors: Peter J. Weiss, Timothy C. Poirier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: The clinical benefit of vancomycin, useful for over 30 years in the treatment of patients infected with gram-positive bacteria, has recently been compromised by the development of resistance — especially by enterococci.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have drafted guidelines for the judicious use of vancomycin in an effort to minimize selection for these strains.2 We are concerned that Medicare reimbursement policies may result in increased use of vancomycin. As the largest national purchaser of health care, the Medicare program can profoundly influence health care delivery through its reimbursement policies. Medicare does not routinely . . .
AGE OF THE HOST AND OTHER FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION WITH URETHANE OF PULMONARY ADENOMAS IN MICE
Authors: Stanfield Rogers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

Young, rapidly growing mice are greatly more responsive to the adenoma-inducing influence of urethane than are those just arriving at maturity. This is manifest both in the proportion of animals developing the tumors and in their number per individual. An amount of urethane per gram body weight which suffices to induce adenomas in only an occasional 8-week-old animal will cause them to appear in quantity in more than half the 3-week-old mice injected. There is an almost absolute inverse correlation between the rate of growth of the pulmonary tissue between the ages of 2 and 10 weeks and the response to urethane in terms of adenomas. Hence the conclusion seems justified that the natural proliferative activity of the alveolar cells during youth plays a major part in the formation of the tumors. After the 6th week the age differences become relatively slight, yet there is reason to think that they continue in some degree as life goes on. Urethane has no effect to promote multiplication of the cells it has rendered neoplastic, its whole role being to initiate neoplastic change. The abnormalities induced by urethane in the nucleus of normal and neoplastic cells, as observed by previous workers, have suggested that the substance brings about the adenomatous state by acting upon the nucleus. But colchicine, also a karyolytic poison causing pronounced nuclear changes, does not alter in the least the yield of adenomas to urethane when administered concurrently. Nor does fasting influence the yield, though it markedly reduces mitotic activity. The meaning of these facts is discussed.
Molecular Portraits of Epithelial, Mesenchymal, and Hybrid States in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Their Relevance to Survival
Authors: Mark J. Schliekelman, Ayumu Taguchi, Jun Zhu, Xudong Dai, Jaime Rodriguez, Muge Celiktas, Qing Zhang, Alice Chin, Chee-Hong Wong, Hong Wang, Lisa McFerrin, Suhaida A. Selamat, Chenchen Yang, Evan M. Kroh, Kavita S. Garg, Carmen Behrens, Adi F. Gazdar, Ite A. Laird-Offringa, Muneesh Tewari, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Jean P. Thiery, Samir M. Hanash
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process associated with tumor progression and metastasis. To define molecular features associated with EMT states, we undertook an integrative approach combining mRNA, miRNA, DNA methylation, and proteomic profiles of 38 cell populations representative of the genomic heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma. The resulting data were integrated with functional profiles consisting of cell invasiveness, adhesion, and motility. A subset of cell lines that were readily defined as epithelial or mesenchymal based on their morphology and E-cadherin and vimentin expression elicited distinctive molecular signatures. Other cell populations displayed intermediate/hybrid states of EMT, with mixed epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. A dominant proteomic feature of aggressive hybrid cell lines was upregulation of cytoskeletal and actin-binding proteins, a signature shared with mesenchymal cell lines. Cytoskeletal reorganization preceded loss of E-cadherin in epithelial cells in which EMT was induced by TGFβ. A set of transcripts corresponding to the mesenchymal protein signature enriched in cytoskeletal proteins was found to be predictive of survival in independent datasets of lung adenocarcinomas. Our findings point to an association between cytoskeletal and actin-binding proteins, a mesenchymal or hybrid EMT phenotype and invasive properties of lung adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res; 75(9); 1789–800. ©2015 AACR.
Genome-scale expression and transcription factor binding profiles reveal therapeutic targets in transgenic ERG myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liat Goldberg, Marloes R. Tijssen, Yehudit Birger, Rebecca L. Hannah, Sarah J. Kinston, Judith Schütte, Dominik Beck, Kathy Knezevic, Ginette Schiby, Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch, Anat Biran, Yoel Kloog, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield, Peter D. Aplan, John E. Pimanda, Berthold Göttgens, Shai Izraeli
Journal: Blood (2013)
Risk Factors for Development of Acute Lung Injury, Physicians’ Decision-Making Roles in Critical Illness, and Prevalence of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in Lung Cancer Screening Populations
Authors: Raj D. Shah, Paul J. Hutchison, Trevor T. Nicholson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common syndrome and, despite advances such as improved supportive care and low tidal volume ventilation, the mortality remains high.In a recent paper in Critical Care (1), Kojicic and colleagues attempt to better characterize patients with infectious pneumonia who develop ALI during their hospitalization.The authors used a stringent definition of pneumonia based on radiographic and clinical findings along with a microbiologic diagnosis based on positive culture, serology, urinary antigen, or polymerase chain reaction.The authors then identified patients who developed ALI using an electronic search.Of the 596 patients who fit the definition of pneumonia, 171 were diagnosed with ALI.These patients were then matched based on causative organism, age, and sex with patients who did not develop ALI as a result of pneumonia.The authors found that the average time to development of ALI was 2 days.Although Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent infectious organisms in patients who developed ALI, patients with viral, fungal, or mixed isolate pneumonia were the most likely to develop ALI.Specifically, pneumonia respiratory syncytial virus, blastomycosis, and Pneumocystis jiroveci conferred the highest risk for ALI.In a conditional logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for development of ALI identified in this study were inappropriate antibiotics (odds ratio [OR], 3.2), presence of shock (OR, 8.9), and blood product transfusions (OR, 4.8).This paper adds to the growing literature that development of ALI is a multifactorial process, which may have preventable components if clinicians focus on improved supportive care, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and limiting blood product transfusions (2).Although these investigators found a higher incidence of ALI in patients with viral and fungal pneumonia, more research is needed to ascertain if this is due to a delay in antimicrobial therapy or if these specific microorganisms independently increase the risk of developing ALI.Although specific types of immunosuppression were not defined, this study did not provide support for the hypothesis that ALI is more common in immunosuppressed patients with pneumonia, as suggested by other investigators (3).The main limitations of this study are the retrospective design and the limited study population, which included only patients with microbiologically proven pneumonia.This methodology biases the sample to include subjects with more infrequent causes of pneumonia, those with respiratory infections for which there are readily available confirmatory tests, and patients with a higher acuity of illness who require an invasive test such as bronchoscopy for diagnosis.n
Minimal Effective Dose of Dysport and Botox in a Rat Model of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity
Authors: Delphine Behr-Roussel, Stéphanie Oger, Bernadette Pignol, Emmanuel Pham, Amélie Le Maux, Pierre-Etienne Chabrier, Stéphanie Caisey, Sandrine Compagnie, Philippe Picaut, Jacques Bernabé, Laurent Alexandre, François Giuliano, Pierre Denys
Journal: European Urology (2012)