tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Transport in Acute Pulmonary Oedema and in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: D. C. Flenley, H. C. Miller, A. J. King, B. J. Kirby, A. L. Muir
Journal: BMJ (1973)

When breathing air, the average arterial oxygen tension in eight patients with acute pulmonary oedema was significantly higher than in eight other patients suffering from an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, but the mixed venous oxygen tension was very similar in both groups. This largely arose from the smaller arteriovenous difference of oxygen content in the bronchitic cases, presumably due to their higher cardiac output, associated with raised arterial CO(2) tensions. Oxygen therapy (60-90% for pulmonary oedema, 30% for the bronchitics) raised the mixed venous oxygen tensions to a similar level in both groups. We suggest that the major need for oxygen therapy lies in patients who maintain their oxygen consumption but show a reduction in mixed venous tension when breathing air. Although partial correction of arterial hypoxaemia is adequate in chronic bronchitis-in which the cardiac output is maintained-high concentrations of oxygen are necessary in pulmonary oedema, in which the cardiac output is low.
Detection of Renal Metastasis of Osteosarcoma by Bone Scan
Authors: LAWRENCE A. GILBERT, MARK A. WEISS, MICHAEL J. GELFAND, H HUGH HAWKINS, HIROSHI NISHIYAMA, BERNARD S. ARON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

GILBERT, LAWRENCE A. M.D.*; WEISS, MARK A. M.D.†; GELFAND, MICHAEL J. M.D.*; HAWKINS, H HUGH‡; NISHIYAMA, HIROSHI M.D.§; ARON, BERNARD S. M.D.∥ Author Information
Signalling during an ischaemic preconditioning protocol: new role players?
Authors: A. Lochner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

The editorial refers to ‘GSK-3β at the crossroads in the signalling of heart preconditioning: implication of mTOR and Wnt pathways’ by F. Vigneron et al. , pp. 49–56, this issue. 

Since the demonstration in 1986 that exposure of the heart to one or more short episodes of ischaemia/reperfusion confers protection against subsequent long periods of ischaemia—the so-called phenomenon of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC)—attempts have been made to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Initial efforts focussed mainly on events during the IPC protocol itself. We now know that this endogenous protection involves a large number of signal transduction components which could be divided into trigger and mediator phases as recently mapped by Downey et al .1 It is generally accepted that during the triggering phase release of substances such as adenosine, bradykinin, opioids, or catecholamines activates protein kinase C either directly or indirectly, leading to downstream phosphorylation of eNOS and NO formation, which in turn activates soluble guanylyl cyclase and protein kinase G. The latter initiates opening of the mitochondrial KATP channels and generation of free radicals, i.e. reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Although events during the mediator phase are less well defined, the proposal that IPC protects by activation of the signalling pathway PI3K/protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and ERK1/2 (the so-called reperfusion injury salvage kinase or RISK pathway) caused a paradigm shift with an increased focus on events during early reperfusion. Activation of the RISK pathway and other protective signals converge to inactivate glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) by Ser9 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition …
The meaning of things
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Though I am not, I hope, much given to emotionalism, I often think of people in the concentration camps, in the Gulag, or in Japanese prisoner of war camps when I am eating. I don’t know why, because I’ve never suffered the slightest deprivation, even when travelling in countries ravaged by civil war. Perhaps it’s because I had an uncle who was a prisoner in east Asia during the second world war and who was reported to wake up screaming in the night, and perhaps because my mother escaped the extermination camps by quite a narrow margin. To this day I’d rather eat stale bread than throw it away.

I thought about my uncle for the first time in ages as …
Accumulation of Technetium-99m MDP in an Intramuscular Hemangioma
Authors: GERALD A. MANDELL, H THEODORE HARCKE, NORMA DAVIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The accumulation of a bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical on delayed imaging in a hemangioma has not been described previously. The variable scintigraphic findings of hemangiomas are described in detail.
Audit finds improvements in time to treatment after heart attack
Authors: Toby Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Nearly two thirds of patients in England who had a heart attack in 2006-7 were given thrombolytic treatment within 60 minutes of calling for professional help—a marked improvement on the time to treatment in the previous year—an audit of hospitals has found. 

The sixth public report of the myocardial infarction national audit project (MINAP), a regular audit of emergency care in England and Wales of people who have had heart attacks, also showed that mortality at 30 days after admission to hospital among patients with myocardial infarction had fallen from 12.4% to 11.2% over the past three years.

In England in 2006-7 64% of patients received thrombolysis within 60 minutes of calling for help. This fell short …
ESTIMATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD AND CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID
Authors: F. T. Grey
Journal: BMJ (1928)

IAVINC ladl ex-ellent results iwitlh Maclean's methiod' in a lar-ge number of determinations of glhcose inl the blood and erebro-spinal fluid-, it has accurrted to miie that my experience mlight be of interest.To ensu-re success eeeta-iln points mulst be attend;ed-to which, altoughdoubtless verv elemenrtarv, have been found to be neglected in some cases where I have been cosulted..The difficulties appear to be of three orrders: personal, physical, and chemical.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes of HIV-1 Nef
Authors: Maria Lucchiari-Hartz, Peter M. van Endert, Grégoire Lauvau, Reinhard Maier, Andreas Meyerhans, Derek Mann, Klaus Eichmann, Gabriele Niedermann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Although a pivotal role of proteasomes in the proteolytic generation of epitopes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I presentation is undisputed, their precise function is currently the subject of an active debate: do proteasomes generate many epitopes in definitive form, or do they merely generate the COOH termini, whereas the definitive NH2 termini are cleaved by aminopeptidases? We determined five naturally processed MHC class I ligands derived from HIV-1 Nef. Unexpectedly, the five ligands correspond to only three cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, two of which occur in two COOH-terminal length variants. Parallel analyses of proteasomal digests of a Nef fragment encompassing the epitopes revealed that all five ligands are direct products of proteasomes. Moreover, in four of the five ligands, the NH2 termini correspond to major proteasome cleavage sites, and putative NH2-terminally extended precursor fragments were detected for only one of the five ligands. All ligands are transported by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). The combined results from these five ligands provide strong evidence that many definitive MHC class I ligands are precisely cleaved at both ends by proteasomes. Additional evidence supporting this conclusion is discussed, along with contrasting results of others who propose a strong role for NH2-terminal trimming with direct proteasomal epitope generation being a rare event.
Breath Odor After Disulfiram
Authors: Robert A. O'Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Anent Miller's observation on his patient with the malodorous colostomy related both to dietary indiscretion and to disulfiram (Antabuse) therapy (237:2602, 1977), we also observed a peculiar odor during our studies with disulfiram.<sup>1</sup>In five of eight normal subjects receiving the anticoagulant warfarin sodium with and without disulfiram for 14 to 18 days, a peculiar, slightly unpleasant odor to their breath, reminiscent of rotten eggs, developed. We attributed the odor to a metabolic product of disulfiram, perhaps carbon disulfide.<sup>2</sup>
Serum Sickness and Tetanus Immunization
Authors: R. J. Daschbach
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The question of serum sickness after tetanus immunization (220:137, 1972) prompted me to send along some information on the subject, from personal experience.  I had occasion recently to treat a youngster with a burn. I gave an injection of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, 0.25 ml. The boy, age 7, developed typical serum sickness about three days later. He responded well to corticosteroids and antihistamines.  About six weeks later a specimen of his serum was submitted to the Immunology Laboratory, Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, California. The serum was found to contain precipitins for tetanus, but none for diphtheria. On the basis of this information and consultation with Dr. Minoru Yamate, of the Allergy-Immunology service at the Stanford Children's Hospital, we have concluded that this boy is allergic to tetanus toxoid.  In the future, when he needs tetanus boosters, I would plan on giving it in very
265 GENETIC VARIATION IN BILIARY TRANSPORTERS AS A SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTOR FOR CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: C.A. Wadsworth, P.H. Dixon, A.A. Zabron, J.H. Wong, M.H. Chapman, S.C. McKay, A.W. Sharif, D.R. Spalding, S.P. Pereira, H.S. Wasan, H.C. Thomas, S.D. Taylor-Robinson, J.C. Whittaker, C. Williamson, S.A. Khan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Suppression of ventricular ectopic depolarizations by flecainide acetate, a new antiarrhythmic agent.
Authors: M Hodges, J M Haugland, G Granrud, G J Conard, R W Asinger, F L Mikell, J Krejci
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Flecainide acetate, a new antiarrhythmic agent, was given orally to 11 hospitalized patients with chronic high-frequency ventricular ectopic depolarizations. Drug effectiveness was evaluated with a dose-ranging single-blind protocol, which included placebo control and washout periods. Twice-daily dosing (average daily dose 436 mg) completely suppressed all ventricular ectopic activity in five of 11 patients; average suppression in the 11 patients was 96.3%. Complex ventricular arrhythmias, which were present in all 11 patients during the placebo control period, were completely suppressed in eight patients and markedly suppressed in the other three patients during flecainide therapy. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening measured by M-mode echocardiography did not change significantly during flecainide dosing. Ventricular arrhythmias returned in all patients during the placebo washout period. During subsequent outpatient therapy with flecainide, significant suppression was present after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (94.4% and 93.3%, respectively). Drug elimination was slow (average plasma half-life 20 hours). Ninety-five percent suppression of ventricular ectopic depolarization during dosing and 5% reappearance of arrhythmias during washout occurred with flecainide concentrations of 200-800 ng/ml. Side effects occurred in five of 11 patients, but did not require discontinuation of the drug. These results indicate that flecainide is a very effective antiarrhythmic agent that merits further clinical investigation.
Safety measures for prevention of PCB accidents.
Authors: J Pajari
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

This paper attempts to clarify the most common measures available for the fire and electrical engineer in the prevention of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) hazards. It points out the risks and the potential for making large risks involved in the use of transformers and capacitors more manageable. The focus in solving the PCB problem is on priority. This should be reflected in the agenda of the workshop: it should discuss not only transformers and capacitors as such, but deal more with questions concerning waste disposal, getting correct information to people on substances containing PCBs and on the proper and nonpanicky handling of such substances. The PCB issue does not lend itself to any black and white solution. Instead, a number of different aspects have to be taken into account. Any solutions arrived at are therefore always compromises between risk evaluation and cost effectiveness. Reduction of PCB risks does not have to result, for example, in an increase in fire risks. It is preferable to move step by step and avoid making irretractable decisions. Alternatives available for replacing PCB-filled devices or the widely used method of refilling PCB-filled transformers with silicone oils are not discussed. Refilling is not dealt with because its capacity to reduce the fire risk sufficiently in locations where these transformers are usually found in northern Europe is not known with certainty.
Genetically based therapeutics for cancer: similarities and contrasts with traditional drug discovery and development
Authors: Terry W. Hermiston, D.H. Kirn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The field of molecular therapeutics is in its infancy and represents a promising and novel avenue for targeted cancer treatments. Like the small-molecule and antibody therapeutics before them, however, the genetic-based therapies will face significant research and development challenges in their maturation toward an approved cancer therapy. To facilitate this process, we outline and examine in this review the drug development process, briefly summarizing the research and development paradigms that have accompanied the recent successes of the small-molecule and antibody-based cancer therapeutics. Using this background, we compare and contrast the research and development experiences of small-molecule and antibody therapeutics with genetic-based cancer therapeutics, using oncolytic viruses as a defined example of an experimental molecular therapeutic for cancer.
Psychosis Within vs Outside of Major Mood Episodes
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Extracontractual referrals in first three months of NHS reforms.
Authors: B Ghodse, S Rawaf
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To describe the extracontractual referrals of residents of Merton and Sutton Health Authority during the first three months of the NHS reforms in terms of the nature of the referral (elective or emergency), the specialty referred to, and the source of and reason for referral.Descriptive analysis of all extracontractual referrals submitted to the health authority between 1 April and 30 June 1991.Merton and Sutton Health Authority.247 extracontractual referrals were notified to Merton and Sutton Health Authority; 83 invoices for emergency treatment and 109 elective referrals were authorised at a total cost of 190,000 pounds. Of the elective referrals, 59 were to ear, nose, and throat; orthopaedic; or general surgery departments. Local general practitioners made only two thirds of the elective referrals, at least 15 of which were made at the patient's request. Four admissions accounted for a quarter of the total cost of the emergency admissions.Extracontractual referrals are unpredictable in terms of both their number and their cost. They provide a necessary safeguard for patient and general practitioner choice at the price of a considerable administrative workload. The fact that these referrals are income generating for providers means that additional safeguards may be necessary to prevent abuse of the system.
Ephedrine Therapy in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Miles Weinberger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Tinkelman and Avner claim to have demonstrated that "Ephedrine is a potent bronchodilator..." In point of fact, however, they have only demonstrated what has been repeatedly shown in the medical literature, ie, that ephedrine is a weak bronchodilator. It appears that their data have been presented in such a manner as to amplify the small amount of bronchodilator effect that has been recognized for ephedrine since 1925. First, I think we need to examine the pulmonary function data since this is the only area where the authors demonstrated any effect of ephedrine. Fig 1 and 2 in their paper present a somewhat distorted picture of what has actually happened to the pulmonary function in these patients. Instead of converting the changes in these patients' pulmonary function to a "percent changed" value, the data can be plotted directly as the mean pulmonary function data over the six hours
Asthma as a link between chest illness in childhood and chronic cough and phlegm in young adults
Authors: D P Strachan, H R Anderson, J M Bland, C Peckham
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The link between chest illnesses in childhood to age 7 and the prevalence of cough and phlegm in the winter reported at age 23 was investigated in a cohort of 10,557 British children born in one week in 1958 (national child development study). Both pneumonia and asthma or wheezy bronchitis to age 7 were associated with a significant excess in the prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm at age 23 after controlling for current smoking. This excess was largely attributable to the association of cough and phlegm at age 23 with a history of asthma or wheezy bronchitis from age 16. When adjustment was made for recent wheezing, current cigarette consumption, previous smoking habit, and passive exposure to smoke the relative odds of cough or phlegm, or both, in subjects with a history of childhood chest illness was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.27). When analysed separately asthma, wheezy bronchitis, and pneumonia up to age 7 did not significantly increase the prevalence of either cough or phlegm. The explanation for the observed continuity between chest illness in childhood and respiratory symptoms in later life may lie more in the time course of functional disturbances related to asthma than in the persistence of structural lung damage.
Preconditioning improves energy metabolism during reperfusion but does not attenuate myocardial stunning in porcine hearts.
Authors: M Miyamae, H Fujiwara, M Kida, R Yokota, M Tanaka, M Katsuragawa, K Hasegawa, M Ohura, K Koga, Y Yabuuchi
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND It has been reported that a brief period of coronary occlusion and reperfusion slows the rate of ATP depletion during subsequent sustained ischemia as well as limiting infarct size. However, it has not yet been determined whether ischemic preconditioning also has an effect on the functional and metabolic recovery of stunned myocardium. Our study was designed to address this problem. METHODS AND RESULTS Farm pigs were anesthetized with fluothane and randomly assigned to either a control group or a preconditioned group. The control group (n = 15) underwent 15 minutes of coronary occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. The preconditioned group (n = 14) underwent two episodes of 5-minute occlusion and 5-minute reperfusion followed by 15 minutes of occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. This protocol was designed to exclude the stunning effect of the preconditioning procedure itself as much as possible besides preconditioning the heart. A pair of ultrasonic crystals was implanted in the area at risk perfused by the left anterior descending coronary artery. 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and sonomicrometry were performed alternately. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was determined with colored microspheres. At 15 minutes of sustained ischemia, phosphocreatine (Pcr), ATP, and intracellular pH were significantly better preserved in the preconditioned group (Pcr: control/preconditioned, 1 +/- 1%/14 +/- 1%; ATP:control/preconditioned, 66 +/- 2%/74 +/- 2%; pH:control/preconditioned, 6.32 +/- 0.07/6.52 +/- 0.05; P &lt; .05). After reperfusion, ATP increased progressively and was almost normalized at 120 minutes of reperfusion in the preconditioned group (control/preconditioned, 73 +/- 4%/95 +/- 3%; P &lt; .05). Overshoot of Pcr (which indicates that the energy generating system is operating better than energy utilizing system) persisted in preconditioned hearts but disappeared rapidly in controls (control/preconditioned, 104 +/- 3%/130 +/- 3% after 120 minutes of reperfusion). There was no significant difference in percent segment shortening (%SS), RMBF, and hemodynamics between the two groups throughout the experiment (%SS: control/preconditioned, 29.8 +/- 5.9%/28.8 +/- 6.3% of baseline after 120 minutes of reperfusion). CONCLUSIONS Preconditioning improves energy metabolism during reperfusion, although it does not attenuate myocardial stunning for at least 2 hours after reperfusion.
Half-Life and Safety of Canakinumab in Pediatric Patients: Comment on the Article by Ilowite et al
Authors: Hermine Brunner, Kathleen Graham Lomax, Stephane Levy
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

We read with great interest the report by Ilowite et al, summarizing the results of a trial investigating the efficacy and safety of rilonacept in the treatment of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 1. We believe a statement made in the article is incorrect and needs clarification. In the Discussion section, the authors stated the following about the circulating half-life of rilonacept: “Rilonacept could offer an alternative [context: to canakinumab], with its circulating half-life of 8.6 days, in contrast to the long biologic activity of canakinumab (236 days), which could be a disadvantage in the setting of an SAE [context: serious adverse event].” This statement, however, does not seem fully consistent with the published literature. In adults with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), the mean terminal half-life of canakinumab was demonstrated to be 26 days, with the terminal half-life in pediatric CAPS patients found to be similar to that in adults 2. Pharmacokinetic properties of canakinumab are similar in the CAPS and systemic JIA pediatric populations 2. From a pharmacokinetic standpoint, based on the known 26-day half-life of canakinumab, 5–6 half-lives is 130–156 days, a range that encompasses another relevant efficacy end point, the median time to worsening in the adapted American College of Rheumatology Pediatric criteria level in the withdrawal arm (placebo) of the phase III study from which the 236-day data point was derived 3-6. While extensive postmarketing and phase IV surveillance data are not yet available, there has been no indication in the available safety data that the 26-day half-life of canakinumab is problematic in the management of serious adverse events.
Caspase-cleaved HPK1 induces CD95L-independent activation-induced cell death in T and B lymphocytes
Authors: Dirk Brenner, Alexander Golks, Mareike Becker, Wolfgang Müller, Christian R. Frey, Rostislav Novak, Doron Melamed, Friedemann Kiefer, Peter H. Krammer, Rüdiger Arnold
Journal: Blood (2007)