tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the skin care patient mix attending a primary care-based nurse-led NHS Walk-in Centre
Authors: S.J. Ersser, V. Lattimer, H. Surridge, S. Brooke
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

NHS Walk-in Centres (WiCs) are a new and expanding point of nurse-led primary care access for patients requiring skin care. Little is known about the dermatology case profile of such patients.To investigate the skin care patient mix attending a WiC and the feasibility and usefulness of retrieving data from the NHS Clinical Assessment System (CAS), as used by NHS Direct.Patients over 2 years of age presenting to a WiC in southern England with a nurse-assessed skin condition were recruited over a 12-week period (n = 233). A data set was extracted from CAS and analysed using Excel.Of the total 31 591 patients attending the WiC in the first 2 years, 21% had a skin-related problem. During the 12-week study period, 88 of 233 eligible patients (38%) consented to participate. The typical patient profile was of female patients, 17-35 years (27%) attending during the week before 9 a.m. (35%) or after 5 p.m. (27%) from the locality (72%). CAS employs generic algorithms to specify clinical problems (e.g. rash) rather than medical diagnoses. Most patients presented with a rash (89%). No physical treatment was required in 77% of patients, although this was advised for 46%; 49% were advised to seek help but not return to the WiC; 16% were recommended to contact their general practitioner. There were practical difficulties accessing data from CAS software for research due to research governance requirements.A significant number of patients with dermatological conditions could be seeking primary care through new NHS WiCs. Detailed dermatological appraisal of the patient mix is difficult due to the system of clinical categorization. There is scope to investigate further the nature of dermatological need and the patient education given. CAS is a cumbersome data extraction tool for research.
Small GTPase RBJ Mediates Nuclear Entrapment of MEK1/MEK2 in Tumor Progression
Authors: Taoyong Chen, Mingjin Yang, Zhou Yu, Songqing Tang, Chen Wang, Xuhui Zhu, Jun Guo, Nan Li, Weiping Zhang, Jin Hou, Haibo Liu, Chaofeng Han, Qiuyan Liu, Yan Gu, Cheng Qian, Tao Wan, Long Cui, Minghua Zhu, Weiqiang Zheng, Xuetao Cao
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Flow cytometry evaluation of erythroid dysplasia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: M G Della Porta, L Malcovati, R Invernizzi, E Travaglino, C Pascutto, M Maffioli, A Gallì, S Boggi, D Pietra, L Vanelli, C Marseglia, S Levi, P Arosio, M Lazzarino, M Cazzola
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Mallory-Weiss Tears Occurring during Endoscopy: A Report of Seven Cases
Authors: J. G. Penston, E. J. S. Boyd, K. G. Wormsley
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

See also: Gastric Mucosal Tears Occurring during Endoscopy: Might an Endoscope Defect be Responsible?Endoscopy 1994; 26(08): 713-714DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009079
Management of infective complications in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies in home care
Authors: C Girmenia, ML Moleti, C Cartoni, M Cedrone, C De Gregoris, V De Sanctis, M Giovannini, R Latagliata, P Niscola, C Romani, MB Rondinelli, S Tosti, F Mandelli
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Medicine Now RIP
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Medicine Now is no more. It died as it had tried to live, quietly and unsensationally, at 12 noon on Tuesday 31 March. Cause of death: paroxysmal changes in Radio 4's schedule. Geoff Watts laments its loss

So, who cares? I do, of course; having lived with the programme weekly for three quarters of each of the past 17 years, and presented every edition bar one, the loss has been akin to burying a close relative. Who else? A surprisingly large number of doctors—surprising because the programme was never intended for any but a lay audience.

So why did they listen? I like to think it was the reverse of something that characterised the late World Medicine during Michael O'Donnell's editorship. All of us who worked on the magazine discovered that, although written …
Global Health Interdependence and the International Physicians' Movement
Authors: George A. Gellert
Journal: JAMA (1990)

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War has had an impressive public impact in the 1980s, helping to shatter the myths of surviving and medically responding to a nuclear attack. The 1990s present a new challenge for the medical community in a different social and international context characterized by increasing global interdependence. Another view of physician activism is presented to complement advocacy for nuclear disarmament in the promotion of peace. A framework for analysis is provided by "fateful visions"—accepted policy views of prospective superpower relations—drawn from practitioners of foreign policy, international relations, and security affairs. A perceptual gap may exist between physicians who wish to address underlying ethical and public health concerns on security issues and policy practitioners who are accustomed to discussion within existing policy frames of reference that can be pragmatically used. A strategy is proposed for physicians to use their specialized training and skills to evaluate trends in global health interdependence. The international physicians' movement may contribute substantively to the formulation of policy by expanding and interpreting an increasingly complex database on interdependence, and by creating a dialogue with policy formulators based on mutual recognition of the value and legitimacy of each professions' expertise and complementary contributions to international security policy. (<i>JAMA.</i>1990;264:610-613)
The exploitation of regularities in the environment by the brain
Authors: Horace Barlow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Statistical regularities of the environment are important for learning, memory, intelligence, inductive inference, and in fact, for any area of cognitive science where an information-processing brain promotes survival by exploiting them. This has been recognised by many of those interested in cognitive function, starting with Helmholtz, Mach, and Pearson, and continuing through Craik, Tolman, Attneave, and Brunswik. In the current era, many of us have begun to show how neural mechanisms exploit the regular statistical properties of natural images. Shepard proposed that the apparent trajectory of an object when seen successively at two positions results from internalising the rules of kinematic geometry, and although kinematic geometry is not statistical in nature, this is clearly a related idea. Here it is argued that Shepard's term, “internalisation,” is insufficient because it is also necessary to derive an advantage from the process. Having mechanisms selectively sensitive to the spatio-temporal patterns of excitation commonly experienced when viewing moving objects would facilitate the detection, interpolation, and extrapolation of such motions, and might explain the twisting motions that are experienced. Although Shepard's explanation in terms of Chasles' rule seems doubtful, his theory and experiments illustrate that local twisting motions are needed for the analysis of moving objects and provoke thoughts about how they might be detected.
Molecular relapse in adult standard-risk ALL patients detected by prospective MRD monitoring during and after maintenance treatment: data from the GMALL 06/99 and 07/03 trials
Authors: Thorsten Raff, Nicola Gökbuget, Silke Lüschen, Regina Reutzel, Matthias Ritgen, Sebastian Irmer, Sebastian Böttcher, Heinz-August Horst, Michael Kneba, Dieter Hoelzer, Monika Brüggemann
Journal: Blood (2006)
Microbiologic Study of Infertile Women at the Time of Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Authors: Gail H. Cassell, J. Benjamin Younger, Mary B. Brown, Richard E. Blackwell, Jerry K. Davis, Pam Marriott, Sergio Stagno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

AT least 15 per cent of all married couples are involuntarily infertile.1 During the past several decades, infertility due to peritoneal and endocrine factors has received the greatest attention, and specific treatments for many of these causes are now available. Previously, little credence was given to the possibility that low-grade, asymptomatic infection affects human fertility, but there is now a growing belief that such infections can influence the incidence of conception, implantation, and embryonal death.Considerable disagreement exists concerning the role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in human infertility.2 , 3 The inconclusive results of previous studies may be explained in part by failure . . .
Systematic Evaluation of the Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials in Diabetes
Authors: Victor M. Montori, Yaqian Grace Wang, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Sumit Bhagra
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—We sought to systematically ascertain the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We identified the 10 most recently published trials as of 31 October 2003 in each of six general medical, five diabetes, and five metabolism and nutrition journals and further enriched our sample with 10 additional RCTs from each of five journals that published the most eligible RCTs in a year. We explored the association between trial characteristics and reporting quality using univariate analyses and a preplanned multivariate regression model. RESULTS—After excluding redundant reports of included trials and one trial that measured outcomes on the health system and not on patients, we included 199 RCTs: 119 assessed physiological and other laboratory outcomes, 42 assessed patient-important outcomes (e.g., morbidity and mortality, quality of life), and 38 assessed surrogate outcomes (e.g., disease progression or regression, HbA1c, cholesterol). Fifty-three percent were of low methodological quality, as were one-third (36–40%) of trials reporting patient-important or surrogate outcomes and two-thirds (64%) of laboratory investigations. Independent predictors of low quality were nonprofit funding source (odds ratio 3.1 [95% CI 1.5–6.2]), measure of physiological and laboratory outcomes (2.3 [1.2–4.4]), and cross-over design (2.3 [1.1–4.8]), all characteristics of laboratory clinical investigations. CONCLUSIONS—There is ample room for improving the quality of diabetes trials. To enhance the practice of evidence-based diabetes care, trialists need to pay closer attention to the rigorous implementation and reporting of important methodological safeguards against bias in randomized trials.
THE TREATMENT OF KALA-AZAR BY "BAYER 205."
Authors: W. Yorke
Journal: BMJ (1923)

BY " BAYER 205." [ M vICA 0 mental work whlich will enable us to employ a greater variety of drugs with definite effects on gastric function; it has been my endeavour in this paper to show that we already have a limited series of such substances, and I feel that the selection of those with appropriate actions must lead to a steady improvement in gastric therapeutics.I would in conclusion express my thanks to my colleagues and the students of the Middlesex Hospital, in whose physiological department all my recent experiments have been conducted, and on whose generous help I have always been dependent.
London GPs express fears over Darzi’s proposals for the capital
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

GPs in London have rejected the idea put forward by the junior health minister Ara Darzi that polyclinics will solve the capital’s health problems. The clinics could in fact throw up a number of serious problems, they warn.

A consultation with all the 24 local medical committees in London, which represent GPs in the city, found that 17 out of 19 committees either strongly disagreed or tended to disagree with the proposal that almost all general practices in London should be part of a polyclinic. 

The idea of polyclinics was put forward by Professor Darzi in Healthcare for London: A Framework for Action , which wascommissioned by NHS London, the capital’s strategic health authority, and published in July last …
Sorafenib inhibits the shedding of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A on hepatocellular carcinoma cells by down-regulating a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9
Authors: Keisuke Kohga, Tetsuo Takehara, Tomohide Tatsumi, Hisashi Ishida, Takuya Miyagi, Atsushi Hosui, Norio Hayashi
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The ectodomain of major histocompatibility complex class I–related chain A (MICA) is shed from tumor cells, and may be an important means of evading antitumor immunity. This study investigated the roles of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 9 (ADAM9) in the shedding of MICA in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown (KD) of ADAM9 resulted in up-regulation of membrane-bound MICA expression on the HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5 cellular surfaces and down-regulation of soluble MICA levels in their culture supernatant. ADAM9 was cleaved at a site between Gln347 and Val348 of MICA in vitro. We constructed a plasmid of the MICA gene with mutation or deletion of the ADAM9 cleavage site to examine the detailed mechanism of MICA shedding by ADAM9 protease. The results suggested that MICA might be cleaved at the intracellular ADAM9-recognized cleavage site and was further cleaved at the extracellular ADAM9-independent cleavage site in HCC cells, resulting in the production of soluble MICA. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that ADAM9 was overexpressed in human HCC compared to normal liver tissues. The cytolytic activity of natural killer (NK) cells against ADAM9KD-HCC cells was higher than that against control cells, and the enhancement of this cytotoxicity depended on the MICA/B and NK group 2, member D pathway. Sorafenib treatment resulted in decreased expression of ADAM9, increased expression of membrane-bound MICA expression, and decreased levels of soluble MICA in HCC cells. Adding sorafenib enhanced the NK sensitivity of HCC cells via increased expression of membrane-bound MICA. Conclusion: ADAM9 is involved in MICA ectodomain shedding in HCC cells, and sorafenib can modulate ADAM9 expression. Sorafenib therapy may have a previously unrecognized effect on antitumor immunity in patients with HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
P206The interaction of common polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase and pon1 genes with cardiovascular risk factors in the phoenix community
Authors: D R Prakaschandra, DP Naidoo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: We investigated gene polymorphisms related to oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in a sample of subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) from the Phoenix Lifestyle project.  Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Human Paraoxonase /PON1 ( Leu55Met and Gln192Arg SNPs) and LPL genes (N291S and S447X SNPs) were studied to investigate the associations of these mutations with cardiovascular risk factors and risk factor clustering in this sample.

Method: There were 1419 subjects from the Phoenix Lifestyle Project cohort who were studied for CV risk factor prevalence and clustering. Anthropometric measurements were performed, with fasting venous blood samples taken from each subject for glucose, lipid and genetic analysis. Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR, allele-specific probes and Melting Curve analysis in a sample of 916 subjects.

Results: The crude prevalence of MS in this sub-cohort, classified according to the IDF criteria was 50%. The LPL and PON 1 genotypes were similarly distributed (p = n/s) in subjects with and without MS. There were no subjects observed with the LPL N291S mutation. There was a significant interaction between the Gln192Arg genotype and elevated triglyceride (> 1.7 mmol/l) levels (p=0.016; OR = 1.356), and in overweight females (BMI>23kg/m2) (p=0.027; OR = 1.911), which was identified in 23% of overweight females.

Discussion: Our study did not support a role for these polymorphisms for predisposition to the MS. Although the S447X, L55M and Q192R polymorphisms are common in this population, only the 192Arg allele, previously associated with reduced protection against lipid peroxidation, predispose to hypertriglyceridaemia in the population, and general obesity in females. Gene polymorphisms related to the MS risk factors may explain a high predisposition to premature atherosclerosis.
High-Density Lipoproteins Neutralize C-Reactive Protein Proinflammatory Activity
Authors: Carol Wadham, Nathaniel Albanese, Jane Roberts, Lijun Wang, Christopher J. Bagley, Jennifer R. Gamble, Kerry-Anne Rye, Philip J. Barter, Mathew A. Vadas, Pu Xia
Journal: Circulation (2004)

C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-recognized marker of atherosclerosis, has recently been suggested to have a direct proinflammatory effect. The constitutive expression of low levels of CRP in normal plasma suggests the likelihood that a natural factor exists to neutralize the effect of CRP. This factor(s) has not yet been identified. Method and Results- The proinflammatory effect of CRP was measured by the induction of inflammatory adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We show that CRP significantly induced upregulation of adhesion molecules in both protein and mRNA levels. The CRP-induced expression of these inflammatory adhesion molecules was completely suppressed when the cells were preincubated with a physiological concentration (1 mg/mL apolipoprotein A-I) of HDLs derived from human plasma (native HDL) or reconstituted HDL (rHDL) at a very low concentration (0.01 mg/mL apolipoprotein A-I). A novel mechanism of HDL inhibition is likely to operate, because (1) rHDL was 100 times more potent than native HDL, (2) preincubation with HDL and its sustained presence were obligatory, and (3) oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was the fundamental active component.The CRP-induced upregulation of inflammatory adhesion molecules in HUVECs was completely prevented by HDL via their oxidized phospholipid components.
Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of BAX Driven by the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Promoter Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Sergey A Kaliberov, Donald J Buchsbaum, G.Yancey Gillespie, David T Curiel, Waleed O Arafat, Mark Carpenter, Murray A Stackhouse
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Apoptosis induction is a promising approach for cancer gene therapy. Bax is a death-promoting member of the Bcl2 family of genes that are intimately involved in apoptosis. Overexpression of BAX protein can accelerate cell death by homodimers that promote apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of BAX was evaluated in vitro by a recombinant adenovirus system expressing the human BAX gene under control of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter element (AdVEGFBAX). Overexpression of BAX in human lung carcinoma cells resulted in apoptosis induction, caspase activation, and cell growth suppression, none of which were observed in BEAS-2B normal human bronchial epithelial cells that do not overexpress VEGF under normoxic conditions. To examine the hypoxia responsiveness of the VEGF promoter, lung cancer cells were transiently exposed to hypoxia; this treatment increased enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression after AdVEGFEGFP infection in both normal and cancer cell lines, and enhanced apoptosis and decreased the number of surviving cancer cells compared with the Ad/BAX plus Ad/Cre binary adenoviral system. These results suggest a possible therapeutic application of cancer-specific expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene driven by the VEGF promoter. Apoptosis induction is a promising approach for cancer gene therapy. Bax is a death-promoting member of the Bcl2 family of genes that are intimately involved in apoptosis. Overexpression of BAX protein can accelerate cell death by homodimers that promote apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of BAX was evaluated in vitro by a recombinant adenovirus system expressing the human BAX gene under control of human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter element (AdVEGFBAX). Overexpression of BAX in human lung carcinoma cells resulted in apoptosis induction, caspase activation, and cell growth suppression, none of which were observed in BEAS-2B normal human bronchial epithelial cells that do not overexpress VEGF under normoxic conditions. To examine the hypoxia responsiveness of the VEGF promoter, lung cancer cells were transiently exposed to hypoxia; this treatment increased enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression after AdVEGFEGFP infection in both normal and cancer cell lines, and enhanced apoptosis and decreased the number of surviving cancer cells compared with the Ad/BAX plus Ad/Cre binary adenoviral system. These results suggest a possible therapeutic application of cancer-specific expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene driven by the VEGF promoter.
EFFECTS OF LONGER-TERM TREATMENT WITH ANACETRAPIB ON SAFETY PARAMETERS, LIPIDS, AND PLASMA DRUG CONCENTRATIONS IN THE DEFINE TRIAL
Authors: Antonio Gotto, Manash Shankar Chatterjee, Yang Liu, Xiujiang Susie Li, Sanskruti Vaidya, Uma Kher, Christopher Cannon, Eliot Brinton, Michael Davidson, Jennifer Moon, Sukrut Shah, Hayes Dansky, Yale Mitchel, Philip Barter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Comparison of Limited Surgery and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation in High-Risk Patients with Stage I Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sai Yendamuri, Ritsuko R. Komaki, Arlene M. Correa, Pamela Allen, Bob Wynn, Shanda Blackmon, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David C. Rice, Jack A. Roth, Stephen G. Swisher, Ara A. Vaporciyan, Garrett L. Walsh, Reza J. Mehran
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Politicians, trust the public
Authors: I. Gilmore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>OBJECTIVE: </b>Here, we compared the anatomical and psychophysical characteristics of modality-dependent SV biases in patients with right hemisphere stroke <b>BACKGROUND: </b>Brain hemisphere lesions often cause a contralesional tilt of the subjective vertical (SV) a phenomenon related to spatial neglect and postural disorders. Depending on the method employed, different perceptual systems come into play when this gravitational vertical is assessed. <b>DESIGN/METHODS: </b>The SV was measured with visual, haptic and visual-haptic modalities in 46 patients with a relatively recent stroke. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (performed with MATLAB®) was used to highlight brain areas in which lesions best explained the severity of task biases (p&lt;0.001). <b>RESULTS: </b>Lesions explaining biases in the visual and visual-haptic SVs were partially similar and located in the posterior part of the temporal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex and the subcortical white matter, while lesions explaining bias in the haptic SV were located in more anterior and inferior parts of the temporal lobe. Patients showed counterclockwise deviations in the SV. The constant error and the variable error were greater for the haptic SV than for the visual and for the visual-haptic SV. In patients, the visual and visual-haptic SV tilts were closely related to the presence of left spatial neglect and hemianopia. <b>CONCLUSIONS: </b>Errors in visual and visual-haptic SVs were related to lesions in visual associative cortex. The visual SV and especially the visual-haptic SV provide valuable estimates of patient difficulties, in view of the lower associated variable errors (i.e. greater precision) and closer relationships with clinical disorders. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. SAJ has nothing to disclose. Dr. Honore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Braem has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rousseaux has nothing to disclose.