tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serologically diagnosed infection with human papillomavirus type 16 and risk for subsequent development of cervical carcinoma: nested case-control study
Authors: M. Lehtinen, J. Dillner, P. Knekt, T. Luostarinen, A. Aromaa, R. Kirnbauer, P. Koskela, J. Paavonen, R. Peto, J. T Schiller, M. Hakama
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To study human papillomavirus type 16 in the aetiology of cervical carcinoma. <b>Design</b>: Within a cohort of 18814 Finnish women followed for up to 23 years a nested case-control study was conducted based on serological diagnosis of past infection with human papillomavirus type 16. <b>Subjects</b>: 72 women (27 with invasive carcinoma and 45 with in situ carcinoma) and 143 matched controls were identified during the follow up. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Relative risk of cervical carcinoma in presence of IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16. <b>Results</b>: After adjustment for smoking and for antibodies to various other agents of sexually transmitted disease, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 and Chlamydia trachomatis, the only significant association was with infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (odds ratio 12.5; 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 57, 2P&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusion</b>: This prospective study provides epidemiological evidence that infection with human papillomavirus type 16 confers an excess risk for subsequent development of cervical carcinoma. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Human papillomavirus type 16 is the main micro-organism linked to the development of cervical cancer Prospective studies of infection with this virus and cervical cancer have not been reported because of ethical and clinical difficulties and because diagnosis of past infections with the virus has not been possible In this nested case-control study in over 18000 Finnish women who donated blood to a serum bank 25 years ago we were able to measure past infection with human papillomavirus type 16 with new serological tools The results show that infection with the virus confers an increased risk of developing cervical cancer
Battered Child Syndrome
Authors: TOM X-L. TAN, MICHAEL J. GELFAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP is used increasingly in suspected child-abuse cases to detect osseous injury. Pelvic fractures in battered children are rarely reported in the medical literature. The authors describe rib and pelvic fractures on bone scintigraphs of a 5-year-old boy who was physically abused. The initial skeletal survey and CT scans head were normal, but physical examination showed multiple bruises with a lordodic posture and an abnormal gait. Whole-body bone scintigraphy was subsequently performed and showed multiple osseous injuries including pelvic fractures. When the skeletal survey does not show convincing evidence of intentional skeletal trauma and child abuse is strongly suspected, bone scintigraphy should be performed promptly.
Common variable immunodeficiency classification by quantifying T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin κ-deleting recombination excision circles
Authors: Chikako Kamae, Noriko Nakagawa, Hiroki Sato, Kenichi Honma, Noriko Mitsuiki, Osamu Ohara, Hirokazu Kanegane, Srdjan Pasic, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Menno C. van Zelm, Tomohiro Morio, Kohsuke Imai, Shigeaki Nonoyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Elevated soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels in obesity: Relationship to insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor-[alpha ] system activity
Authors: Marek Str[aogon ]czkowski, Piotr Lewczuk, Stella Dzienis-Str[aogon ]czkowska, Irina Kowalska, Agnieszka St[ecedil]pie[nacute], Ida Kinalska
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
TREATMENT OF TYPHOID PERFORATIONS.
Authors: LOUIS FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1904)

While the modern methods of treatment by the general practitioner have done much to reduce the percentage of deaths due to typhoid fever, the rôle played by the surgeon in lessening the death rate occup[ill]es a conspicuous place. The tubbing and proper feeding do much to keep down temperature and maintain strength, but no medicinal agents nor the most careful management can overcome the great danger of intestinal perforation by ulceration. From a careful perusal of the literature and consultation of authorities we find that about 3 per cent. of all cases present this most dangerous complication, i. e., it is the cause of one-fourth to one-third of all deaths in typhoid fever. In 3,686 cases, Schultz found peritonitis from perforation in 1.2 per cent., Liebermeister in over 2,000 in 1.3 per cent., while Hölscher found it in 6 per cent. in 2,000 cases, and Murchison in 11.38 per cent.
The joy of banning
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Just over a month ago we asked readers to suggest words that should be banned for Christmas.1 The response was immediate and overwhelming. At the time of going to press there were 212 responses on bmj.com, and they are still coming. Having gathered your suggestions, we held a vote. The table shows the top 10 words that readers want to ban together with our response. The full vote and all the rapid responses can be seen at bmj.com/misc/ban\_a\_word.shtml.

View this table:

Top 10 words that readers want to ban



The exercise was a game and might be compared to free association of words. It illustrates what is on readers' minds and allows them to expose prejudices in a politically correct way. The diverse responses in …
Evils of Excessive Application Of Technology in Medicine
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1975)

An earlier editorial (233:897, 1975) denounced too much laboratory testing of a patient for whom continuity of care and a direct, discriminating approach to diagnosis were not pursued. In his presidential address to the Association of American Physicians, published in the October 1975 issue of<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>, David E. Rogers, MD, beats the same drum when he calls for "technologic restraint." Rogers is no iconoclast; he applauds the astounding advances in technologic methods for diagnosis and for treatment that are the mark of his generation of medical scientists. He cites two cases that exemplify opposite poles: one, the case of Franklin D. Roosevelt who died of severe hypertensive vascular disease in 1944 at a time when modern-day antihypertensive drugs were not yet available, the other, the case of FDR's wife, Anna Eleanor, who died in 1960 of disseminated tuberculosis, probably as a consequence of corticosteroid therapy given for
Urinary Dilution in Hyponatremia
Authors: MARK A. NEEDLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 October 1976Urinary Dilution in HyponatremiaMARK A. NEEDLE, M.D.MARK A. NEEDLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-536 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: DeFronzo, Goldberg, and Agus have expanded on the question of the osmostat with an interesting study on urinary dilution in hyponatremia (Ann Intern Med 84:538-542, 1976). There are three points that I should like them to clarify.Was an attempt made to correct the hyponatremia with a low sodium diet and KCl? Laragh (authors' reference 18) studied normokalemic hyponatremic subjects with a variety of diagnoses who corrected to normal serum sodium concentrations when fairly modest potassium deficits were replaced. The reduction in creatinine clearances (75, 82, 95, and 99 ml/min) and the overnight maximal urinary concentrations (560,...References1. SCHWARTZRELMAN WA: Effects of electrolyte disorders on renal structure and function. N Engl J Med 276:383-389, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. JAMISON R: Urinary concentration and dilution, in The Kidney, edited by BRENNER BM, RECTOR FC. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1976, pp. 429-433 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARK A. NEEDLE, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 536-537KeywordsAttentionCreatinineDietHyponatremiaPotassiumPotassium chlorideSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hazardous Gaseous Distention of Intestinal Balloons
Authors: Fred J. Fricke
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Three cases of inadvertent inflation of balloons used to advance intestinal tubes have occurred in one hospital in the past 18 months. Two postoperative patients had Dennis tubes in the small bowel, in which the balloon vent became obstructed. The third patient had a sealed, mercury-filled finger cot weighting a feeder catheter used for enteral alimentation; after one week, the balloon rapidly inflated, causing intestinal obstruction at the level of the duodenum. (<i>JAMA</i>235:2611-2613, 1976)
A1.9 Prediction of Treatment Response by ACPA Levels among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Raquel Hernández, Paz Gonzalez, Julia Uceda, Jose Luis Marenco de la Fuente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The relationship between anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and the clinical outcome of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) under treatment has been evaluated in clinical trials with conflicting results. Thus, an analysis of the BeSt study indicated that response to treatment was similar in ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative patients (van den Broek <i>et al</i>, Ann Reum Dis 2012; 71: 245–248). However, ACPA-positive patients showed more frequently radiological damage progression. On the contrary, in the IMPROVED study, ACPA-negative patients achieved less remissions on treatment than ACPA-positive patients (Wevers-de Boer <i>et al</i>, Ann Reum Dis 2012). Because of these, we evaluated the clinical response of patients with RA receiving treatment according to ACPA titers. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> This was a retrospective longitudinal observational study. We included all patients seen at our Unit who fulfilled the following criteria: 1) Diagnosis of RA by a rheumatologist meeting the 1987 criteria for RA; 2) Available determinations of ACPA; 3) Treatment for AR (whether or not biological therapy) with a minimum follow up of 6 months. The outcome variable was clinical regression defined as reaching DAS28 ≤ 2.6. Predictors of the outcome variable were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted by gender and age. <h3>Results</h3> 71 patients were included, 79% of them women. Clinical regression was observed in 42 (59%) patients during the first 12 months of follow-up. Baseline median (IQR) ACPA levels were 363 (27.7–500) for individuals without clinical regression and 91.7 (7–458) for those with regression (p = 0.045). 19 (66%) patients without regression versus 15 (36%) with regression showed ACPA levels ≥200 (p = 0.013). 6 (20%) patients without clinical response versus 18 (42%) individuals with response showed negative ACPA titers (p = 0.050). Factors independently associated with clinical regression were: Recent onset RA [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.01–25; p = 0.049], baseline ACPA levels ≥200 [AOR 0.13; 95%CI 0.03–0.5; p = 0.004], baseline CRP levels [per unit increase; AOR 0.94; 95%CI 0.91–0.99; p = 0.024], baseline DAS28 [per unit increase; AOR 0.47; 95%CI 0.25–0.89; p = 0.021]. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ACPA levels can predict clinical regression of patients with RA receiving treatment in real life conditions. Individuals with high ACPA levels may benefit from a more aggressive treatment approach. ACPA titers may be useful to monitor the clinical activity of RA.
Control of Hyperlipidaemia in Juvenile Diabetes. Standard and Corn-oil Diets Compared Over a Period of 10 Years
Authors: G. W. Chance, E. C. Albutt, S. M. Edkins
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The results of the first 10 years of a prospective study of the effect of corn-oil and standard diets given to diabetic children since diagnosis suggest that the corn-oil diets currently available in Britain are not acceptable to most diabetic children and adolescents. Attempts to administer such diets may result in hyperpre-beta-lipoproteinaemia. In most diabetic children normal serum lipid levels can be maintained with adequate diabetic control and a standard diabetic diet.
503 Early prediction of sustained virological response (SVR) during treatment with peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS®) plus ribavirin (RBV) (COPEGUS®) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and persistently normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels
Authors: P.J. Pockros, M. Diago, E. Gane, K.R. Reddy, D. Prati, M.L. Shiffman, P. Farci, C. O'Brien, P. Lardelli, F. Lamour, S. Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Improving postgraduate training in ophthalmology.
Authors: C. E. Morton
Journal: BMJ (1992)

If certain measures (care of the cervical spine, intubation and ventilation, setting up an intra- venous line, splinting fractured limbs) are performed at the scene of the accident and the critically injured patient is transferred to the appropriate hospital by the appropriate means within the "golden hour" morbidity and mortality can be reduced.Other interventions (such as fluid resuscitation and applying military antishock trousers) that entail a philosophy of "stabilise then mobilise" are less beneficial than those entailing a philosophy of "scoop and run," especially in urban areas.This may not be true, however, if the transfer to hospital takes longer than 20 minutes.The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh holds courses for the diploma in immediate care, and there are British textbooks and other courses specifically on this subject.The Royal Army Medical Corps runs a battlefield army trauma life support course based on the principles of advanced trauma life support.It caters for the field manage- ment of casualties without the sophistication of hospital care and thus meets the criteria of the immediate care module suggested by Mowat.It is not only, however, the immediate care of patients with trauma that needs to be addressed but also the continuum of care (from the scene of the accident to rehabilitation) and accident preven- tion.Successful care is care that returns an injured patient to society quickly.
Successful treatment of photo-damaged skin of nano-scale atRA particles using a novel transdermal delivery
Authors: Yoko Yamaguchi, Teruaki Nagasawa, Natsumi Nakamura, Mitsuko Takenaga, Masako Mizoguchi, Shin-ichi Kawai, Yutaka Mizushima, Rie Igarashi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Caution in Propranolol Withdrawal
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1977)

There have been warnings that abrupt withdrawal of propranolol hydrochloride therapy in patients with or without coronary heart disease may be hazardous. This happens more often in patients treated for severe angina, especially those with unstable disease. Slome<sup>1</sup>reported that sudden withdrawal of propranolol therapy was often followed by myocardial infarction, and Olson et al<sup>2</sup>described acute and catastrophic exacerbation of symptoms following the abrupt cessation of treatment with large doses of propranolol in patients with coronary artery disease. The latest warning comes from Mizgala and Counsell,<sup>3</sup>who observed 15 acute coronary episodes in 14 patients with severe angina who had been receiving propranolol hydrochloride in daily doses of 80 to 400 mg for periods of seven days to six years. Abrupt cessation of propranolol therapy in these patients produced severe, sudden, acute coronary syndromes. Cessation was followed by rapid worsening of symptoms in 11 of 15
Improved outcome with rituximab in patients with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Christian Hoffmann, Holger Schmid, Markus Müller, Christian Teutsch, Jan van Lunzen, Stefan Esser, Timo Wolf, Christoph Wyen, Michael Sabranski, Heinz-August Horst, Stefan Reuter, Martin Vogel, Hans Jäger, Johannes Bogner, Keikawus Arasteh
Journal: Blood (2011)
Risk Factors and Precipitants of Long-Term Disability in Community Mobility
Authors: Thomas M. Gill, Evelyne A. Gahbauer, Terrence E. Murphy, Ling Han, Heather G. Allore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Relatively little is known about why older persons develop long-term disability in community mobility. Objective: To identify the risk factors and precipitants for long-term disability in walking a quarter mile and driving a car. Design: Prospective cohort study from March 1998 to December 2009. Setting: Greater New Haven, Connecticut. Participants: 641 persons, aged 70 years or older, who were active drivers or nondisabled in walking a quarter mile. Persons who were physically frail were oversampled. Measurements: Candidate risk factors were assessed every 18 months. Disability in community mobility and exposure to potential precipitants, including illnesses or injuries leading to hospitalization or restricted activity, were assessed every month. Disability that lasted 6 or more consecutive months was considered long-term. Results: 318 (56.0%) and 269 (53.1%) participants developed long-term disability in walking and driving, respectively. Seven risk factors were independently associated with walking disability and 8 were associated with driving disability; the strongest associations for each outcome were found for older age and lower score on the Short Physical Performance Battery. The precipitants had a large effect on long-term disability, with multivariate hazard ratios for each outcome greater than 6.2 for hospitalization and greater than 2.4 for restricted activity. The largest differences in absolute risk were generally observed in participants with a specific risk factor who were subsequently hospitalized. Limitations: The observed associations may not be causal. The severity of precipitants was not assessed. The effect of the precipitants may have been underestimated because their exposure after the initial onset of disability was not evaluated. Conclusion: Long-term disability in community mobility is common among older persons. Multiple risk factors, together with subsequent precipitants, greatly increase the likelihood of long-term mobility disability. Primary Funding Source: National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health.
Nitrous oxide has multiple deleterious effects on cobalamin metabolism and causes decreases in activities of both mammalian cobalamin-dependent enzymes in rats.
Authors: H Kondo, M L Osborne, J F Kolhouse, M J Binder, E R Podell, C S Utley, R S Abrams, R H Allen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

In man, use of the general anesthetic nitrous oxide, N2O, is associated with hematologic and neurologic abnormalities that mimic those seen in cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) deficiency. We have measured a number of aspects of Cbl metabolism in rts exposed to various concentrations of N2O for various periods of time. As little as 2% N2O given for 15 h resulted in 30% inhibition of methionine synthetase (MS) in rat liver. With 50% N2O, inhibition of 70% occurred with 1 h and did not change during the next 48 h. Under these conditions, no inhibition of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MMCoAM) was observed. The recovery of MS activity was slow and was only 80% of control values 72 h after N2O was stopped. Studies employing rats previously injected with [57Co]Cbl showed that N2O displaced [57Co]Cbl from MS in a manner that temporally and quantitatively paralleled the loss of MS activity. Recovery of MS activity paralleled the reappearance of [57Co]Cbl on MS. N2O also caused the hepatic content of CH3-[57Co]Cbl to decrease by 20-60%. When [57Co]-Cbl was extracted from liver and analyzed by paper chromatography, [57Co]Cbl analogues were present (10-40% of total [57Co]Cbl) in rats exposed to N2O, but not in control animals. When rats were exposed to 50% N2O for 33 d, the total of endogenous Cbl and Cbl analogues in liver decreased to 35% of control values and endogenous Cbl decreased to 10% of control values. At this time, MS activity was 15% of control values and MMCoAM was only 26% of control values. We conclude that N2O causes multiple defects in Cbl metabolism that include the following: (a) rapid inhibition of MS activity with a slow recovery when N2O is stopped; (b) displacement of Cbl from MS; (c) decreased CH3-Cbl; (d) conversion of Cbl to Cbl analogues; (e) the gradual development of Cbl deficiency and (f) an eventual decrease in MMCoAM activity with a further decrease in MS activity.
1004-56 Ultrasonic Monitoring of Fat Embolization During Major Orthopedic Procedures: Experimental Studies in Sheep Define a New Utility for Intracardiac Ultrasound
Authors: Shuping Ge, Takahiro Shiota, Paul J. Duwelius, Jonathan J. Ellichman, Zheng Gong, Jinping Xu, Scott Holcomb, Masahiro Ishii, Arthur S. Hall, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Plasma arteriovenous cGMP difference as a useful indicator of nitrate tolerance in patients with heart failure.
Authors: T Tsutamoto, M Kinoshita, Y Ohbayashi, A Wada, Y Maeda, T Adachi
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin (GTN) on plasma arteriovenous cGMP production and to compare its hemodynamic effects in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). We also estimated the potential clinical value of plasma arteriovenous cGMP production as an indicator of nitrate tolerance. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma arterial and venous cGMP levels, atrial natriuretic peptide level, and hemodynamic parameters were measured before and after GTN infusion in 14 patients with CHF. Although the plasma levels of arterial cGMP and atrial natriuretic peptide decreased immediately after GTN, the plasma level of venous cGMP did not change. GTN infusion caused a dose-dependent increase in plasma arteriovenous cGMP production, and there was a positive correlation between the decrease of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and the increase of plasma arteriovenous cGMP production immediately after GTN. Hemodynamic tolerance was observed after both 12 and 24 hours, when plasma arteriovenous GMP production was also attenuated. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the plasma arteriovenous cGMP difference is a clinical indicator of vasodilatory action of GTN and a useful indicator of nitrate tolerance in patients with CHF.
Polymorphisms in IL13, total IgE, eosinophilia, and asthma exacerbations in childhood
Authors: Gary M. Hunninghake, Manuel E. Soto-Quirós, Lydiana Avila, Jessica Su, Amy Murphy, Dawn L. Demeo, Ngoc P. Ly, Catherine Liang, Jody S. Sylvia, Barbara J. Klanderman, Christoph Lange, Benjamin A. Raby, Edwin K. Silverman, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)