tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1328: Evaluation of common genetic variants in 15 colorectal cancer susceptibility loci among African Americans .
Authors: Ben Zhang, Qiuyin Cai, Jirong Long, Guoliang Li, Lisa B. Signorello, Martha J. Shrubsole, William J. Blot, Wei Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted primarily in populations of European ancestry, have identified multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 15 loci associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the association of these SNPs with colorectal neoplasia risk in African Americans. Methods: We analyzed 19 SNPs within 15 CRC loci in African Americans recruited from two studies, including 206 CRC cases and 1,000 controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS), and 203 colorectal adenoma cases and 461 controls from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study (TCPS). Logistic regressions were used to derive adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for the associations between SNPs and disease risk. We also performed a meta-analysis including 1,586 cases and 2,956 controls regarding the association of 11 SNPs with colorectal neoplasia risk in African Americans. Results: In the combined analysis of data from the SCCS and TCPS, we found two SNPs (rs10505477 and rs6983267) at 8q24 to be significantly associated with colorectal neoplasia risk (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Two additional SNPs, rs7758229 (SLC22A3) and rs4444235 (14q22), showed marginally significant associations with colorectal neoplasia (P &amp;lt; 0.10). In the meta-analysis including data from this study and two other studies, rs16892766 (8q23), rs6983267 (8q24), and rs7014346 (8q24) were significantly associated with colorectal neoplasia with no evidence of heterogeneity across studies. Conclusions: Genetic variants at 8q23 and 8q24 identified in GWAS conducted in European descendants may also be associated with colorectal neoplasia risk in African Americans. Impact: Findings from this study may be helpful for future studies to fine-map GWAS-identified loci to identify causal variants for CRC. Citation Format: Ben Zhang, Qiuyin Cai, Jirong Long, Guoliang Li, Lisa B. Signorello, Martha J. Shrubsole, William J. Blot, Wei Zheng. Evaluation of common genetic variants in 15 colorectal cancer susceptibility loci among African Americans . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1328. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1328
Constitutive CD8 expression allows inefficient maturation of CD4+ helper T cells in class II major histocompatibility complex mutant mice.
Authors: E Robey, A Itano, W C Fanslow, B J Fowlkes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Although mature CD4+ T cells bear T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and mature CD8+ T cells bear TCRs that recognize class I MHC, it is possible that the initial commitment of an immature thymocyte to a CD4 or CD8 lineage is made without regard to the specificity of the TCR. According to this model, CD4+ cells with class I TCR do not mature because the CD8 coreceptor is required for class I MHC recognition and positive selection. If this model is correct, constitutive expression of CD8 should allow CD4+ T cells with class I-specific TCRs to develop. In this report, we show that mature peripheral CD4+ cells are present in class II MHC-deficient mice that express a constitutive CD8.1 transgene. These cells share a number of properties with the major class II MHC-selected CD4 population, including the ability to express CD40 ligand upon activation. Although mature CD4 cells are also detectable in the thymus of class II MHC mutant/CD8.1 transgenic mice, they represent a small fraction of the mature CD4 cells found in mice that express class II MHC. These results indicate that some T cells choose the CD4 helper lineage independent of their antigen receptor specificity; however, the inefficiency of generating class I-specific CD4 cells leaves open the possibility that an instructive signal generated upon MHC recognition may bias lineage commitment.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Cytokines
Authors: Donald J. Dudley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Recurrent pregnancy loss is a particularly vexing problem. The patient desperately wants to achieve a successful pregnancy and is frustrated by her seeming inability to accomplish a life goal often taken for granted. The physician feels stymied because an identifiable cause can be found in only about 50% of women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Because of the unique immunologic state of pregnancy and similarities to allogeneic transplantation, putative immunologic causes have been attributed to recurrent pregnancy loss. In other words, "If we don't understand it, it must be immunologic." Consequently, a number of diagnostic tests and immunologic treatments have been tried with limited success. Currently the most widely used immunotherapy for recurrent pregnancy loss is injecting the patient with white blood cells obtained from the potential father. The rationale for this immunotherapy was derived from studies of kidney transplant patients, who were less likely to reject renal allografts if they
The airway epithelium nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 inflammasome is activated by urban particulate matter
Authors: Jeremy A. Hirota, Simon A. Hirota, Stephanie M. Warner, Dorota Stefanowicz, Furquan Shaheen, Paul L. Beck, Justin A. MacDonald, Tillie-Louise Hackett, Don D. Sin, Stephan Van Eeden, Darryl A. Knight
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Perinatal Alcohol Exposure in Rat Induces Long-Term Depression of Respiration after Episodic Hypoxia
Authors: Myriam Kervern, Christophe Dubois, Mickael Naassila, Martine Daoust, Olivier Pierrefiche
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Little is known about the effects of alcohol exposure during pregnancy, which is responsible for fetal alcohol syndrome and the respiratory network functions, especially respiratory network plasticity (e.g., long-term facilitation) elicited after repeated short-lasting hypoxic episodes. The mechanism of induction of respiratory long-term facilitation involves 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors, which also participate in the response to hypoxia. Because fetal alcohol exposure is known to reduce serotonin centrally, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, we hypothesized that alcohol exposure during gestation might impair respiratory long-term facilitation after hypoxic episodes.To analyze the effects of prenatal and postnatal alcohol exposure on respiratory long-term facilitation in 5- to 7-day-old rats.Respiratory frequency and amplitude were measured in vivo and in an in vitro rhythmic medullary slice before and after three hypoxia episodes or three applications of a 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist in vitro. 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor mRNA was measured from the slice.Alcohol exposure impaired respiratory long-term facilitation and induced long-term depression of respiration in both in vivo and in vitro models. Alcohol altered 5-HT(2A/2C) mRNA expression, although 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist efficacy was not altered in increasing rhythmic activity in slices. However, a higher concentration of 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist was necessary to induce transient facilitation in slices from ethanol-exposed animals, suggesting disturbances in induction and maintenance mechanisms of respiratory long-term facilitation.Respiratory facilitation after repeated hypoxia was converted to long-term depression in rats treated with alcohol in utero. Alcohol exposure during pregnancy may therefore induce long-term maladaptive behavior of the respiratory system in neonates.
Effects of Folic Acid Plus Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>vs Placebo in Myocardial Infarction Survivors
Authors: Joel B. Mason, John A. Baron
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Shock in Acute Infections
Authors: H. D. Warren, V. G. Balboni, F. T. Rogliano, A. Feder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE recognition and treatment of shock have received much attention in the last few years, especially since the beginning of the war. Emphasis has been focused largely on the shock that occurs following surgical emergencies, such as injuries, hemorrhage and burns, and little attention has been directed toward shock in the course of acute infections. Since the occurrence of shock in association with infections is not infrequent, it is the purpose of this paper to stress the importance of the recognition of this syndrome and its vigorous treatment in combination with equally vigorous specific treatment of the infection.Shock, regardless . . .
KINETIC STUDIES ON IMMUNE HEMOLYSIS
Authors: Manfred M. Mayer, Charles C. Croft, Margaret M. Gray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

A quantitative method for the study of the kinetics of immune hemolysis is described. In the presence of excess C' and limited amounts of antibody the kinetics of hemolysis resemble those of enzymatic processes. Assays of hemolytic antibody should therefore be based on velocity measurements rather than end point titrations.
Prioritizing or Rationing Health Care
Authors: Laurence B. McCullough
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 November 1995Prioritizing or Rationing Health CareLaurence B. McCullough, MD, PhDLaurence B. McCullough, MD, PhDBaylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Caplan [1] presents for our serious consideration a recent Swedish approach to setting priorities for health care resources. Dr. Caplan suggests that adopting the simple ethical principles of this Swedish approach would provide an “enormous boon to health policy,” that is, an orderly approach to reform of the U.S. health care system.Dr. Caplan's recommendation has two disabling flaws. The first concerns the centrality of the value of solidarity. Put aside for the moment that the use of this language in Europe—and Canada—may be a device to paper over cultural and moral pluralism in a misguided ...References1. Caplan AL. Straight talk about rationing [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:795-6. Google Scholar2. Moreno JD. Deciding for Others: Bioethics and Moral Consensus. New York: Oxford University Pr; 1995. Google Scholar3. McCullough LB. Should we create a health care system in the United States? J Med Phil. 1994; 19:483-90. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Laurence B. McCullough, MD, PhDAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine; Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 811-812KeywordsHealth careHealth care policyLegislation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Paralytic Brachial Neuritis
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A series of 23 patients with paralytic brachial neuritis is reviewed. It is noted that there is a higher incidence in men than in women; etiology is unknown. This syndrome is not uncommon and frequently is diagnosed incorrectly. The onset is sudden, with severe pain along one side of the shoulder girdle, followed in a few hours or days by atrophic paralysis of muscles over the affected shoulder; the disorder is occasionally bilateral. The pain usually subsides within a few days or weeks, but the paresis persists for months or even years. Prognosis is usually satisfactory for the return to good function, but recovery for customary physical activities is usually slow. Mild sensory loss may be present.
Effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on glucose and lipid metabolism in cirrhosis.
Authors: A S Petrides, L C Groop, C A Riely, R A DeFronzo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were evaluated in eight clinically stable cirrhotic patients and in 12 controls. OGTT was normal in cirrhotics but plasma insulin response was increased approximately twofold compared with controls. Subjects received a three-step (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mU/kg.min) euglycemic insulin clamp with indirect calorimetry, [6-3H]-glucose, and [1-14C]-palmitate. During the two highest insulin infusion steps glucose uptake was impaired (3.33 +/- 0.31 vs. 5.06 +/- 0.40 mg/kg.min, P less than 0.01, and 6.09 +/- 0.50 vs. 7.95 +/- 0.52 mg/kg.min, P less than 0.01). Stimulation of glucose oxidation by insulin was normal; in contrast, nonoxidative glucose disposal (i.e., glycogen synthesis) was markedly reduced. Fasting (r = -0.553, P less than 0.01) and glucose-stimulated (r = -0.592, P less than 0.01) plasma insulin concentration correlated inversely with the severity of insulin resistance. Basal hepatic glucose production was normal in cirrhotics and suppressed normally with insulin. In postabsorptive state, plasma FFA conc (933 +/- 42 vs. 711 +/- 44 mumol/liter, P less than 0.01) and FFA turnover (9.08 +/- 1.20 vs. 6.03 +/- 0.53 mumol/kg.min, P less than 0.01) were elevated in cirrhotics despite basal hyperinsulinemia; basal FFA oxidation was similar in cirrhotic and control subjects. With low-dose insulin infusion, plasma FFA oxidation and turnover failed to suppress normally in cirrhotics. During the two higher insulin infusion steps, all parameters of FFA metabolism suppressed normally. In summary, stable cirrhotic patients with normal glucose tolerance exhibit marked insulin resistance secondary to the impaired nonoxidative glucose disposal. Our results suggest that chronic hyperinsulinism may be responsible for the insulin resistance observed in cirrhosis.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase 1 Signals through Antioxidant Glutathione Peroxidase 1 to Regulate Redox Homeostasis and Tumor Growth
Authors: Lingtao Jin, Dan Li, Gina N. Alesi, Jun Fan, Hee-Bum Kang, Zhou Lu, Titus J. Boggon, Peng Jin, Hong Yi, Elizabeth R. Wright, Duc Duong, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Robert Egnatchik, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Kelly R. Magliocca, Chuan He, Martha L. Arellano, Hanna J. Khoury, Dong M. Shin, Fadlo R. Khuri, Sumin Kang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
Plasma Endothelins in Sepsis Syndrome
Authors: Yukio Hirata
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Vascular endothelial damage plays an important pathophysiological role in sepsis syndrome.<sup>1</sup>During septicemia, bacterial endotoxin causes injury of vascular endothelial cells that produce and secrete several vasoactive substances. Recently, it has been reported that plasma levels of endothelin-1, a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, are extremely elevated in patients with sepsis syndrome.<sup>2</sup>Endothelin-3, on the other hand, is an isopeptide with less vasoconstrictive but more potent vasodilatory effect than endothelin-1, which also circulates in human plasma.<sup>3</sup>To determine whether endothelin-3 is also of importance in the pathophysiology of sepsis syndrome, we measured plasma levels of immunoreactive endothelin-3 and endothelin-1 in patients with sepsis syndrome. We studied seven patients (four men and three women), 62 to 79 years of age, with sepsis syndrome. Their underlying diseases were postoperative infection (three), pneumonia (two), peritonitis (one), and pelvic abscess (one). Fifteen normal subjects (eight men and seven women)
Journalists and digital storytellers vie for communicator award
Authors: T. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

There were 15 nominations for the health communicator of the year award. Some were for specialist reporters and some were for doctors, other healthcare professionals, or academics who have used various media to try to increase understanding of certain diseases or to raise awareness of charity work or medical science in general.

The ideal recipient of this award would be someone whose writing or broadcasting over the past year has shown impact on the public understanding of medicine and health; potential to change the way people think about an important issue; imaginative and effective methods of communication that are appropriate for the intended audience; balance and accuracy; and an evidence base where appropriate. 

Some of the projects that this year’s nominees had launched, while imaginative and well intentioned, were too young or too small in scope to have had much impact so far, but may well be strong candidates for this award in future. And there were several communicators with larger and more established projects that did not make it on to the shortlist; although commendable …
Rapid blister formation in human skin with ammonium hydroxide
Authors: PETER J. FROSCH, ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The topical application to human skin of a 1:1 aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide in a well drilled into a plastic block will provoke an intra-epidermal blister in an average time of about 13 min. The blister roof can be used for physico-chemical analyses of the horny layer while the base is suitable for studies of wound healing, bacterial infections, etc. The minimal blistering time (MBT) increases directly as the number of cell layers of the stratum corneum and ranges from 3 to 57 min in different regions and persons. The intensity of the dermatitis provoked by a 24 h exposure to sodium lauryl sulphate is strongly correlated with the MBT. The latter is therefore a reliable measure of cutaneous irritability. The blisters are virtually painless. The inflammatory reaction clinically and histologically is slight. Healing is rapid without scarring.
Single-agent arsenic trioxide in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia: durable remissions with minimal toxicity
Authors: Vikram Mathews, Biju George, Kavitha M. Lakshmi, Auro Viswabandya, Ashish Bajel, Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian, Ramachandran Velayudhan Shaji, Vivi M. Srivastava, Alok Srivastava, Mammen Chandy
Journal: Blood (2005)
THE USE OF SILVER FOIL TO PREVENT ADHESIONS IN BRAIN SURGERY.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The formation of adhesions involving the cortex of the brain and its covering membranes is the rock on which the ultimate success of many otherwise brilliant and successful operations on the brain is wrecked. The harmful influence of posttraumatic and postoperative adhesions of the surface of the brain in the production of epilepsy is universally recognized, and many suggestions have been put to application by the surgeon to prevent this occurrence, but only too often do we find that after a brilliant localization of a brain tumor or other cortical lesion by the neurologist, and a faultless operation by the surgeon, the terrible fits after a momentary pause recur with all the old vigor and frequency. It is unfortunately true that operative treatment in the large majority of the cases of epilepsy due to distinct local lesions is a failure, owing to the formation or re-formation
Prediction of Cancer Relapse after Prostatectomy: Use the Postoperative Nomogram
Authors: Gaelle Fromont
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editor: Shariat and colleagues (1) have identified several serum biomarkers associated with disease progression in prostate cancer. The addition of these biomarkers in a standard predictive model, the preoperative Kattan nomogram, greatly improved the prediction accuracy. This report is a major step in prostate cancer management because, despite increasing number of published biomarker studies, very few studies have led to efficient translational application.The objective was to determine the added value of a set of markers relative to established predictors of recurrence included in the preoperative Kattan nomogram: preoperative prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score on biopsies. However, because the study focused on patients treated by radical prostatectomy, it could have been more pertinent to use the postoperative Kattan nomogram obtained after histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen, instead of the preoperative tool. In fact, this postoperative nomogram has been not only validated several times since 1999 but also shown to provide more accurate prediction than the preoperative model (2, 3). The clinical stage and biopsy Gleason score included in the preoperative tool only approximate the real pathologic stage and Gleason score determined on surgical specimens, with frequent understaging and undergrading (4). Moreover, the postoperative model also includes an important predictor of disease recurrence, namely, the surgical margin status (5).Therefore, for an optimal translational application of their findings, Shariat and colleagues have now to provide evidence that the serum biomarkers also improved the accuracy of the postoperative prediction models.No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection for large esophageal neoplastic lesions
Authors: Mathieu Pioche, Laetitia Mais, Olivier Guillaud, Valérie Hervieu, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Thierry Ponchon, Vincent Lepilliez
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is recommended for en bloc R0 resection of superficial esophageal neoplasms larger than 20 mm, but is high risk and time-consuming. In the tunnel technique, incisions at the lower and upper lesion edges are joined by a submucosal tunnel and then lateral incisions are made. The mucosa is thereby easily separated from the muscular layer. We report our experience of esophageal tunnel ESD.We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive esophageal tunnel ESDs performed at our unit between January 1 2010 and January 11 2013. Lesions were superficial esophageal neoplasms, UT1N0 at EUS. 11 patients underwent tunnel ESD (nine squamous cell carcinomas, two adenocarcinomas). Mean dissected surface area was 13.25 cm(2). Mean procedure duration was 76.7 minutes. All 11 resections were en bloc and 9/11 were R0. Complications were one subcutaneous emphysema with spontaneous resolution, and stenosis in 4/11 patients (36.4%) with resolution after 1-5 dilations.Tunnel ESD of superficial esophageal neoplasms is an interesting option, seeming to be faster and more effective than standard ESD, without higher morbidity.
CDKN2 deletions have no prognostic value in childhood precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: L J C M van Zutven, E van Drunen, J M de Bont, M M Wattel, M L Den Boer, R Pieters, A Hagemeijer, R M Slater, H B Beverloo
Journal: Leukemia (2005)