tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5268: The expression of lemur tyrosine kinase-3 in high grade pediatric tumors
Authors: Nektarios K. Mazarakis, Stuart Smith, Aikaterini Vraka, Donald Macarthur, Richard Grundy, Justin Stebbing, George Giamas
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract High grade gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, but also occur in childhood, with a poor prognosis in all age groups . Lemur tyrosine kinase 3 (LMTK3) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that seems to play a pivotal role in oncogenesis in breast cancer. It regulates the estrogen receptor alpha and is evolutionarily selected for in humans compared to non-human primates. LMTK3 expression levels were strongly associated with survival and therapy response.This study assesses the role of LMTK3 in pediatric high grade brain tumors at both the protein and mRNA levels. We initially assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) the expression levels of LMTK3 in well described cohorts of patient specimens with brain cancer. First, we performed an IHC analysis using a brain tumor tissue microarray (TMA) purchased from US Biomax (#T175), in order to examine the LMTK3 levels in a variety of brain tumors. Preliminary analysis revealed variable LMTK3 expression levels in brain tissue, scored as negative, low, moderate and high. We demonstrate that LMTK3 appears to be expressed at low levels at normal brain tissue samples and epithelial meningioma tissues (benign tumors). On the contrary, LMTK3 was expressed at different levels in cases with grade 2 or grade 4 gliomas. Further immunohistochemical analysis was therefore undertaken on a selection of TMAs containing pediatric high grade gliomas. Genome wide gene expression analysis (using the Affymetrix U133plus2 chip) previously undertaken on a cohort of pediatric high grade gliomas demonstrated measurable LMTK3 mRNA expression in many samples. Our preliminary analysis was correlated with various tumor characteristics that are available in Nottingham datasets (including demographic and overall survival data). In conclusion, LMTK3 is expressed in pediatric high grade gliomas and may have differential expression depending on the histological grade of the tumor. This work will lead to larger scale studies to elucidate the exact role of LMTK3 in high grade brain neoplasms. Citation Format: Nektarios K. Mazarakis, Stuart Smith, Aikaterini Vraka, Donald Macarthur, Richard Grundy, Justin Stebbing, George Giamas. The expression of lemur tyrosine kinase-3 in high grade pediatric tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5268
The Clinical Pattern in Certain Types of Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: CLARK H. MILLIKAN, ROBERT G. SIEKERT, JACK P. WHISNANT
Journal: Circulation (1960)

This has been a summary of the clinical patterns in certain types of cerebrovascular disease with emphasis on occlusive disease. Knowledge concerning these categories is important in studying the results of various therapeutic technics and in selecting the correct treatment for some subdivisions where effective therapy exists.
Hospital on View
Authors: Victor W. Sidel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Many of the great reforms in medicine have been sparked by critical reports by professionals outside medicine. For his report, for example, Flexner studied the problems of American medical education in such depth and described them with such incisiveness that changes were produced — not all of them, to be sure, completely salutary — that helped transform American medicine into a very different profession from the one that preceded the report.On February 2, National Educational Television will present nationwide a critical analysis with technics of depth and incisiveness that may lead to equally fundamental change. "Hospital," by Frederick Wiseman, . . .
Containing escalating referrals by bringing optometrists into the NHS
Authors: V. Shah, L. Leaver, M. Gray
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Disseminated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is exceedingly rare in children. SCC occurs after immunodeficiency from immunosuppression in organ transplant recipients or patients with HIV infection or leukaemia, but has not been reported in primary immunodeficiencies other than epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Interferon γ receptor 2 (IFNγR2) deficiency is an exceedingly rare primary immunodeficiency, conferring almost selective predisposition to mycobacterial diseases. A disseminated, cutaneous SCC is described that occurred in a patient homozygous for a novel frameshift deletion at positions 949 and 950 (949delTG) in the <i>IFNGR2</i> gene. The patient first presented at 1 year of age with disseminated <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> infection, with later infections of atypical mycobacteria (<i>Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium porcium</i>). At 17 years of age, the patient developed multifocal SCC lesions on the face and both hands. Histopathological examination revealed well differentiated SCC. Despite local tumour excision, multiple lesions occurred and a large SCC on the right arm required amputation. The patient died at 20 years of age of disseminated SCC. Inherited disorders of IFNγ mediated immunity may predispose patients to SCC.
Use of Radiological Facilities by General Practitioners
Authors: W. J. Mair, J. S. Berkeley, L. A. Gillanders, W. M. C. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The 11,360 direct referrals to diagnostic radiological facilities by general practitioners in the Aberdeen area during 1973 were studied. These represented about 12% of the adult radiology performed in the main x-ray departments of the city, and barium meal examinations amounted to half of all such outpatient contrast examinations. Chest x-ray and barium meal examinations were the most frequently used procedures.Some abnormality was detected at 34% of all examinations, and the barium meal examinations requested by general practitioners showed a similar percentage of abnormal findings to those requested by Aberdeen hospital doctors.The average referral rate for all practices was 24.6 per 1,000 practice population per year. Singlehanded general practitioners referred fewer patients for diagnostic radiology than those working in group practices, and rural practitioners referred fewer than urban general practitioners. This trend was emphasized at a distance greater than 15 miles from the city.
Randomised controlled trial of animal facilitated therapy with dolphins in the treatment of depression
Authors: Christian Antonioli, Michael A Reveley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

To evaluate the effectiveness of animal facilitated therapy with dolphins, controlling for the influence of the natural setting, in the treatment of mild to moderate depression and in the context of the biophilia hypothesis.The study was carried out in Honduras, and recruitment took place in the United States and Honduras.Single blind, randomised, controlled trial.Outpatients, recruited through announcements on the internet, radio, newspapers, and hospitals.Of the 30 patients randomly assigned to the two groups of treatment, two dropped out of the treatment group after the first week and three withdrew their consent in the control group after they had been randomly allocated. For the participants who completed the study, the mean severity of the depressive symptoms was more reduced in the treatment group than in the control group (Hamilton rating scale for depression, P = 0.002; Beck depression inventory, P = 0.006). For the sample analysed by modified intention to treat and last observation carried forward, the mean differences for the Hamilton and Beck scores between the two groups was highly significant (P = 0.007 and P = 0.012, respectively).The therapy was effective in alleviating symptoms of depression after two weeks of treatment. Animal facilitated therapy with dolphins is an effective treatment for mild to moderate depression, which is based on a holistic approach, through interaction with animals in nature.
GPs urge government to create a national self care strategy
Authors: A. Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

GPs have urged the government to create a national self care strategy and stop “stoking unrealistic patient expectations.”

Delegates at the BMA’s local medical committee (LMC) conference unanimously voted in favour of a motion that said “patient expectations have rocketed.”

It said that “the NHS cannot afford for patients to have what they want when they want” and urged the government “to stop stoking unrealistic patient expectations.”

GPs also demanded “that the government forged a new compact with the public and tells them the truth about rationing” and demanded “a national self care strategy to ensure NHS resources are used appropriately and that the NHS remains affordable”

Proposing the motion, …
More obesity surgery in England would save money, economic analysis shows
Authors: A. McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2010)

If a quarter of morbidly obese people in England who meet the current NHS criteria for bariatric surgery were to undergo it, the net gain to the economy would be £1.3bn (€1.6bn; $2bn) within three years, estimates a new report.

For its report the Office of Health Economics, an independent research body, analysed government data and reviewed the medical literature to assess the economic implications of providing weight loss surgery. It found that a big increase in bariatric surgery among people who meet the current criteria would pay for itself in one year, by enabling many of them to return to paid employment.

Around one million people in England have a body mass …
Induction of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 by diclofenac in rodents: role of oxidative stress and cytochrome P-450 activity
Authors: Lavinia Cantoni, Rea Valaperta, Xavier Ponsoda, José V Castell, Davide Barelli, Milena Rizzardini, Alessandra Mangolini, Lisa Hauri, Pia Villa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Measurement of Absolute Myocardial Perfusion in Healthy Volunteers Using 3 Tesla Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Validation Against Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: P Bhamra-Ariza, M Jerosch-Herold, T D Karamitsos, Arnold, J M Francis, J B Selvanayagam, S Neubauer, P G Camici, O Rimoldi
Journal: Circulation (2009)
IS BIGGER BETTER? THE PARADOX OF BODY SURFACE AREA AND OUTCOMES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Tonga Nfor, Kambiz Shetabi, Fengyi Shen, Quinta Nfor, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Percutaneous lung biopsy with a fine bore cutting needle (Vacu-Cut): improved results using drill technique.
Authors: N Milman
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is used in the diagnosis of pulmonary and pleural lesions. The standard procedure using the Vacu-Cut cutting type of needle is the "thrust" technique in which the needle is rapidly forced through the lesion. In our experience this technique has a low yield of histological biopsy specimens. The diagnostic yield of a new biopsy technique ("drill" technique) using the Vacu-Cut needle was assessed.The series comprised 29 consecutive patients, 23 with localised peripheral pulmonary lesions and six with pleural lesions. The Vacu-Cut 1.2 mm needle was rotated and drilled by hand through the lesion.Biopsy specimens 4-30 mm long were obtained in 20 of the 23 patients with pulmonary lesions; in three patients material was available for cytological examination only. The diagnostic yield in the 18 malignant pulmonary lesions was 89% and in the five non-malignant lesions 80%. Biopsy specimens 10-30 mm long were obtained in all patients with pleural lesions. The diagnostic yield in the four malignant and two non-malignant lesions was 100%. The total diagnostic yield in malignant lesions was 20 of 22 patients and in non-malignant lesions six of seven patients. The diagnostic yield in the entire series was 26 of 29 patients (90%). Pneumothorax occurred in seven of the patients and three needed a chest tube. There was no haemoptysis and no deaths.The drill technique has a high diagnostic yield in both malignant and non-malignant pulmonary and pleural lesions, and is suggested as the ideal biopsy technique when using the Vacu-Cut needle.
Health promotion in general practice
Authors: M. Beevers, J. Curzio
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Pessimism is uncalled for

Editor,--We were saddened by the authors' nihilistic interpretation of the Oxcheck Study1 and British family heart study2 and cannot help wondering whether there is some subagenda. Why are the authors so pessimistic? These were short term studies and were conducted in unselected populations rather than high risk groups. Notwithstanding this, the OXCHECK study achieved a 2.3% reduction in serum cholesterol concentration and a 2.4% reduction in systolic blood pressure. If these reductions can be maintained long term then coronary and stroke prevention would follow. In the family heart study …
Medical and Nursing Students' Television Viewing Habits: Potential Implications for Bioethics
Authors: Matthew J. Czarny, Ruth R. Faden, Marie T. Nolan, Edwin Bodensiek, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Television medical dramas frequently depict the practice of medicine and bioethical issues in a strikingly realistic but sometimes inaccurate fashion. Because these shows depict medicine so vividly and are so relevant to the career interests of medical and nursing students, they may affect these students' beliefs, attitudes, and perceptions regarding the practice of medicine and bioethical issues. We conducted a web-based survey of medical and nursing students to determine the medical drama viewing habits and impressions of bioethical issues depicted in them. More than 80% of medical and nursing students watch television medical dramas. Students with more clinical experience tended to have impressions that were more negative than those of students without clinical experience. Furthermore, viewing of television medical dramas is a social event and many students discuss the bioethical issues they observe with friends and family. Television medical dramas may stimulate students to think about and discuss bioethical issues.
Idiopathic Ventricular Septal Hypertrophy Causing Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: E. DOUGLAS WIGLE, RAYMOND O. HEIMBECKER, RAMSAY W. GUNTON
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and, where available, surgical and postmortem findings of 10 cases of muscular subaortic stenosis have been reviewed and, from the evidence at hand, it would appear that the majority of these cases had as the basis for the stenosis, idiopathic ventricular septal hypertrophy (asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart). 3 This septal muscle mass leads to obstruction of the right as well as the left ventricular outflow tract, in addition to impeding diastolic ventricular filling as a result of low ventricular compliance. These features give rise to a unique clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic picture.
A1.25 B-Cell profile in RA patients treated with two different biological therapeutic targets: anti-TNF and anti-IL6R. a cross-sectional study
Authors: Diana Hernández, Lara Valor, Inmaculada de la Torre, Tamara del Río, Lina Martinez, Esperanza Naredo, Carlos González, Javier Lopez-Longo, Indalecio Monteagudo, María Montoro, Luis Carreño
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> B-cells play a cardinal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as demonstrated by the effectiveness of B-cell depletion with rituximab (RTX). In the current cross-sectional study, we assessed the phenotypical changes of B-cell subsets in RA patients treated with different anti-cytokine therapeutic targets, anti-TNF: infliximab (IFX), adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETA) and the anti-IL6R: tocilizumab (TCZ), compared to healthy controls (HC). <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> We assessed B cells expressing BBR: BAFF-R, TACI, BCMA and the activation marker CD86 in peripheral blood in a total of 108 patients with RA treated with IFX (n = 37), ADA(n = 28), ETA(n = 28), and TCZ (n = 14) as well as on HC (n = 19). Clinical status of patients was determined using the 28 joints disease activity score (DAS28), defining non-remission as DAS28&gt;3.2, and remission as DAS28&lt;2.6. Multiparametric flow cytometry was performed using monoclonal antibodies to CD19, CD27, CD38, IgD, BAFF-R, TACI, BCMA and CD86. <h3>Results</h3> We found that the frequency of both naïve (CD19<sup>+</sup>/CD27-) and memory B-cells (CD19<sup>+</sup>/CD27<sup>+</sup>) in all RA treatment groups was similar to HC independently of RA disease activity and treatmet. Regarding B cell subsets, percentages of transitional B cells were higher in TCZ than ADA (p = 0.002) and HC (p = 0.03 and p = 0.001) groups while memory resting B cell were higher in ADA group compared to HC (p = 0.007, and p = 0.01) in active and inactive patients. Percentages of naïve B-cells expressing BAFF-R and TACI were similar in all groups, while memory B-cells expressing TACI were similar to HC in inactive patients on TCZ. About BCMA expression on memory B cells, TCZ was similar to HC in active patients. CD86 expression was higher in active patients on TCZ compared to HC (p&lt;0.0001) and ADA (p = 0.02) groups. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings show that the reduced frequency of memory B-cells expressing TACI and BCMA present in those patients treated with TCZ might indicate a possible extra effect on B-cell phenotype and receptors and therefore on their survival and maturation process, not yet demostrated using anti-TNF-a therapies, which could be a further indicator to define therapy success and/or failure in RA patients.
Hospital consultants' NHS salaries top £110 000
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Hospital consultants in England earned on average the full time equivalent of £111 800 (€165 300; $228 050) a year for their NHS work in the first quarter of 2007, new data show.

This figure, which excludes any income from private work, represents a 16% increase in NHS earnings for hospital consultants since 2004.

The figures, from the NHS's Information Centre, are the first to be collected since Agenda …
A NEW CAUSE OF PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM AND CRYPTOGENIC STROKE: RIGHT TO LEFT SHUNTING BETWEEN SUPERIOR INTERCOSTAL VEINS AND THE LEFT ATRIUM
Authors: Gabriel Vorobiof, Elroy Vojdani, Pooyan Jalali, Ryan Lundquist, David Shavelle, William M. Suh, Farhood Saremi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Damage to type II collagen in aging and osteoarthritis starts at the articular surface, originates around chondrocytes, and extends into the cartilage with progressive degeneration.
Authors: A P Hollander, I Pidoux, A Reiner, C Rorabeck, R Bourne, A R Poole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Enhanced denaturation of type II collagen fibrils in femoral condylar cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA) has recently been quantitated immunochemically (Hollander, A.P., T.F. Heathfield, C. Webber, Y. Iwata, R. Bourne, C. Rorabeck, and A.R. Poole. 1994. J. Clin. Invest. 93:1722-1732). Using the same antibody that only reacts with denatured type II collagen, we investigated with immunoperoxidase histochemistry (results were graded for analysis) the sites of the denaturation (loss of triple helix) of this molecule in human aging (at autopsy, n= 11) and progressively degenerate (by Mankin grade [MG]) OA (at arthroplasty, n= 51) knee condylar cartilages. Up to 41 yr, most aging cartilages (3 of 4) (MG 0-4) showed very little denaturation. In most older cartilages, (4 of 7) (MG 2-4), staining was observed in the superficial and mid zones. This pattern of collagen II denaturation was also seen in all OA specimens with increased staining extending to the deep zone with increasing MG. Collagen II staining correlated directly both with MG and collagen II denaturation measured by immunoassay. Cartilage fibrillation occurred in OA cartilages with increased penetration of the staining for collagen II denaturation into the mid and deep zones and where denaturation was more pronounced by immunoassay. Thus in both aging and OA the first damage to type II collagen occurs in the superficial and upper mid zone (low MG) extending to the lower mid and deep zones with increasing degeneration (increasing MG). Initial damage is always seen around chondrocytes implicating them in the denaturation of type II collagen.
Left ventricular performance before and after aortocoronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: J H Chesebro, E L Ritman, R L Frye, H C Smith, R E Vlietstra, J R Pluth
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Left ventricular performance was studied before and late (mean 12-17 months) after aortocoronary artery bypass surgery by quantitative, computer-based videoangiography. We measured total function (left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes and end-diastolic pressure) at rest (in 60 patients) and before and after exercise (abnormal exercise hemodynamics preoperatively in 32 patients) and regional function (peak rate of systolic wall thickening) at rest (in 60 patients) and before and after administration of nitroglycerin (in 19 patients). Total left ventricular function at rest is usually unchanged postoperatively. Exercise hemodynamics are more sensitive indexes of performance and, if abnormal, usually improve postoperatively if revascularization has been complete and extensive myocardial infarction has not occurred. Regional myocardial function usually improves postoperatively if the bypass graft to the region is patent and has a blood flow of more than 60 ml/min (measured late postoperatively by videodensitometry) and if no previous infarction was present in the region. Myocardial infarction and graft blood flow of 40 ml/min or less are the two main factors that prevent improvement in abnormal regions defined by the regional wall thickening method when bypass grafts are patent. Regions supplied by occluded grafts show decreases in regional function. The preoperative wall-thickening response to administration of nitroglycerin can be used to distinguish ischemia and significant myocardial infarction and to predict the successful response to aortocoronary bypass graft surgery.
THE NATURE AND VARIETIES OF ANEMIA.
Authors: ALFRED STENGEL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

It would be hopeless to attempt to review, even imperfectly, all of the questions of importance connected with the subject of anemia in the time at my disposal; but I believe it wisest to consider a few of the problems relating to the general conception of the nature of this disease or group of diseases, and to discuss briefly the varieties generally admitted to our nosology. It is difficult to define anemia in a way satisfactory to the modern pathologic requirements. The older authors simplified the matter in conformity with the scope of their pathology, by defining it as bloodlessness, and by associating the clinical appearance of pallor with the disease anemia. Later, after the chemical studies of Andral and Gaveret. Becquerel and Rodier and Schmidt, names which must forever occupy a conspicuous place in the history of hematology, clearer conceptions of the exact nature of the disease seemed within
Recommendations for Cardiovascular Screening, Staffing, and Emergency Policies at Health/Fitness Facilities
Authors: Gary J. Balady, Bernard Chaitman, David Driscoll, Carl Foster, Erika Froelicher, Neil Gordon, Russell Pate, James Rippe, Terry Bazzarre
Journal: Circulation (1998)

HomeCirculationVol. 97, No. 22Recommendations for Cardiovascular Screening, Staffing, and Emergency Policies at Health/Fitness Facilities
EVALUATION OF PLATELET RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT CLOPIDOGREL DOSING REGIMENS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Paul Fefer, Roy Beigel, Boris Shenkman, Sharon Gannot, David Varon, Naphthali Savion, Hanoch Hod, Shlomi Matetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)