tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Treatment of Appendicitis.
Authors: H. W. Carpenter
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Oneida, N. Y., Jan 10, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Much has been written of late years on the surgical treatment of appendicitis, but very little on the medical treatment. In a practice of nearly forty years I have had my share of cases, ranging from five to twenty yearly, and thus far have had no case that I have found it necessary to operate more than to aspirate in case of abscess. I have had only one death, a boy 15 years of age, who was hurt while playing at school, and this case, in my opinion, died from lack of good nursing. My treatment can be given in brief. Although adopted more than thirty-five years ago, I have never witnessed another line of treatment that has caused me to change my own. Unfortunately, many physicians are not correct in their diagnosis, and frequently call peritonitis (especially if pelvic) appendicitis.
Thymoma epithelial cells secrete thymic hormone but do not express class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex.
Authors: W Savino, G Manganella, J M Verley, A Wolff, S Berrih, P Levasseur, J P Binet, M Dardenne, J F Bach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

17 thymomas were studied by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of thymic hormones and antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The thymoma epithelial cells (specifically identified by their keratin content) contained thymic hormones (thymulin and thymosin alpha 1), a finding corroborated by the observation of elevated thymulin serum levels. In contrast with normal or hyperplastic thymuses, thymoma epithelial cells did not express HLA-DR and HLA-DC antigens as assessed by immunofluorescence as well as immunoblot analyses. Conversely, MHC class I antigens (HLA-ABC) were normally expressed. Thus, we conclude that thymoma epithelial cells are endocrinologically active but are defective for the expression of some MHC products (class II molecules) known to play an essential role in intrathymic T cell differentiation.
Animal research has been essential to saving babies' lives
Authors: A. Whitelaw, M. Thoresen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Pound and Bracken’s argument that much animal research is poorly designed, uncritically analysed, and wasteful should not be interpreted as support for the anti-vivisectionists who would ban all animal experiments.1 

The article implied that, in recent years, animal research had not led directly to major advances in human health. However, three life saving treatments in neonatal medicine would not have been given ethical approval for clinical trial if high quality animal models …
Tracking of Blood Pressure From Childhood to Adulthood
Authors: Xiaoli Chen, Youfa Wang
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— A large number of studies have examined the tracking of blood pressure (BP) from childhood to adulthood, but the reported findings are inconsistent and few systematic analyses have been conducted. Methods and Results— We conducted a systematic search of PubMed for studies that examined the tracking of BP from childhood to adulthood published between January 1970 and July 2006. From 301 retrieved papers, 50 cohort studies met our inclusion criteria and provided 617 data points (Pearson/Spearman correlation coefficients) for systolic BP (SBP) and 547 data points for diastolic BP (DBP) for our meta-analysis. Information on sample characteristics and BP measurement protocols was extracted. Fisher z transformation and random-effects meta–regression analysis were conducted. The reported BP tracking correlation coefficients varied from −0.12 to 0.80 for SBP and from −0.16 to 0.70 for DBP, with an average of 0.38 for SBP and 0.28 for DBP. BP tracking varied significantly by baseline age and length of follow-up. The strength of BP tracking increased with baseline age by 0.012 for SBP ( P &lt;0.001) and 0.009 for DBP ( P &lt;0.001) and decreased with follow-up length by 0.008 for SBP ( P &lt;0.001) and 0.005 for DBP ( P &lt;0.001). BP tracking did not vary markedly across the number of BP measurements or race/population groups. Conclusions— Data from diverse populations show that the evidence for BP tracking from childhood into adulthood is strong. Childhood BP is associated with BP in later life, and early intervention is important.
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the in vivo induction of murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Authors: J M Lemire, D C Archer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-[OH]2-D3), inhibits lymphocyte activation in vitro. We studied the ability of the vitamin D metabolite to interfere in vivo with a primary T cell-mediated model of autoimmunity, murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Within 2 wk of antigenic challenge, immunized animals will develop acute paralysis with central nervous tissue inflammation. If mice survive, a rise in antibody titer develops within a month. The administration of 0.1 microgram 1,25-(OH)2-D3 i.p. given every other day for 15 d, starting 3 d before immunization, significantly prevented the development of EAE. The rise in antibody titer to myelin basic protein was also abrogated. Histopathologic lesions of EAE were inhibited by treatment with the sterol. These results suggest a potent immunosuppressive role for 1,25-(OH)2-D3 in vivo in the modulation of a cell-mediated model of autoimmunity.
955-54 Adjunctive Techniques Enable Myocardial Opacification by Intravenous Injection of Reduced Doses of QW3600 (EchoGen ® )
Authors: Oi Ling Kwan, Bruno Cotter, Youngmei Cha, Shiro Nozaki, Constance Calisi, Anthony N. DeMaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Manual of Skin Diseases
Authors: William P. Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

I first read the<i>Manual of Skin Diseases</i>as an intern in an attempt to teach myself the fundamentals of dermatology before I entered my formal residency. I remember, then reading the third edition, that Dr Sauer had a unique gift for explaining the bewildering concepts of skin disease in a wonderfully clear and concise manner. Even a physician with no prior knowledge of dermatology could feel instantly comfortable with this textbook. Many years later, reading the fifth edition of this classic, I am pleased to see that the new and improved version is an even better introduction to the fundamentals of dermatology. This is not meant to be a comprehensive textbook but rather an "intermediate type book in the field," as Dr Sauer intended. One of the unique teaching tools in this text is the use of silhouettes showing the anatomic distribution of the most common diseases of the
NF-κB–independent down-regulation of XIAP by bortezomib sensitizes HL B cells against cytotoxic drugs
Authors: Hamid Kashkar, Anke Deggerich, Jens-Michael Seeger, Benjamin Yazdanpanah, Katja Wiegmann, Dirk Haubert, Carola Pongratz, Martin Krönke
Journal: Blood (2006)
COX-2: an in vivo evidence of its participation in heat stress-induced myocardial preconditioning
Authors: C Arnaud
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Heat stress (HS) is known to induce delayed protection against myocardial infarction. We have previously shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was involved in mediating this form of preconditioning. Since iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are co-induced in various cell types, the goal of this study was to investigate whether COX-2 could also participate to the HS-induced cardioprotection.A total of 78 male Wistar rats, subjected to either heat stress (42 degrees C for 15 min) or sham anaesthesia were used for this study. Twenty-four hours later, they were treated or not with a selective COX-2 inhibitor, either celecoxib (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or NS-398 (5 mg kg(-1), i.p.), 30 min before being subjected to a 30-min occlusion of the left coronary artery followed by a 120-min reperfusion, in vivo. HS resulted in a marked increase in myocardial COX-2 protein expression at 24 h, associated with a significant protection against infarction (46.0+/-1.4% in sham vs. 26.8+/-3.8% in HS group) (P<or=0.05). Administration of selective COX-2 inhibitor 24 h after HS, completely abrogated this delayed cardioprotection (46.4+/-3.6 and 48.0+/-2.8%, respectively, in HS+celecoxib and HS+NS-398 groups).This study provides the first evidence of an implication of COX-2 as a mediator of HS-induced cardioprotection. This suggests that prostaglandins are involved in this type of cardioprotective preconditioning.
Tolerance of NK cells encountering their viral ligand during development
Authors: Joseph C. Sun, Lewis L. Lanier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

During development, T and B cells encountering their cognate ligands via antigen-specific receptors are deleted or rendered anergic. Like T and B cells, natural killer (NK) cells express certain receptors, such as Ly49H, associated with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif–bearing adaptor proteins that transmit activating signals through Syk family kinases. Ly49H binds with high affinity to a mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)–encoded glycoprotein, m157, but does not recognize self-antigens. For comparison with the behavior of immature T and B cells exposed to foreign antigens, we addressed the fate of Ly49H+ NK cells that encountered their viral ligand during development by retroviral transduction of bone marrow stem cells with m157. In chimeric mice expressing m157, we observed a reduction in Ly49H+ NK cells in multiple tissues and less Ly49H on the cell surface. NK cells exposed to m157 during development appeared less mature, produced less interferon γ when stimulated through Ly49H, and were unable to kill m157-bearing target cells. After MCMV infection, these NK cells were severely impaired in their ability to proliferate. Thus, if immature NK cells encounter ligands for their activating receptors, regulatory mechanisms exist to keep these cells in an unresponsive state.
Diagnostic and Operative Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint
Authors: A.J. Hall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The book is written in the form of separate articles by different authors but linked up very effectively with cross- references and a comprehensive index, so that it does not appear to be discontinuous.It is therefore easy to read, and the enthusiasm of the authors for their subjects comes across in each chapter, making the approach to a large field varied and interesting.It is also sufficiently concise for revision purposes, with adequate references for more detailed study if required.The illustrations are generally good, but pictures of macroscopic pathology are lacking in some chapters.I also thought that the separation of the morbid anatomy from the clinical picture was an artificial and unnecessary division and would probably be more useful if integrated into the relevant chapters.Altogether, this is a very readable and useful book, which is realistically priced for the undergraduate student.
The Doctors of Time
Authors: William J. Hall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Throughout human history, we have sought to understand the changes we observe in ourselves and in others with the passage of time. Does this so-called aging process have some purpose, and to what extent can we control what are otherwise inexorable consequences? Although various philosophical traditions have offered different interpretations of the relation between age and time, a more unified concept of human aging may be developing. Ancient philosophical concepts are converging with insights from developmental genetics, molecular biology, and clinical research. This new approach suggests that aging is a continuum of human growth and development, full of potential and highly modifiable by a combination of personal responsibility and appropriate medical care. In providing this care to older adults, skillful physicians use time as a key diagnostic and therapeutic tool to interpret symptoms properly and to place treatment choices in the context of human values that may change with age. We who care for older adults are the doctors of time. Sadly, in our contemporary system of medical care, time is one of the least understood and most poorly used tools. A medical care system that is increasingly oriented toward minimizing the time spent caring for older adults cannot possibly increase the quality of life for the rapidly growing elderly population. With the potential for substantial life extension within our grasp, we must develop attitudes and skills that are more compatible with the value systems of our older patients.
Publication Bias and Public Health Policy on Environmental Tobacco Smoke
Authors: Lisa A. Bero
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To examine the tobacco industry's claim that publication bias against negative studies invalidates the risk assessment of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency and other reviews of the health effects of ETS.Determination of the number of published original research articles that tested the hypothesis that ETS exposure is associated with adverse health effects and that reported statistically significant ("positive") or nonsignificant ("negative") results; the number of articles that concluded that ETS is a health risk; and unpublished studies on the effects of ETS on health.Articles identified by a computerized search of the medical literature supplemented with material obtained from the tobacco industry and hand searching. Articles were classified as peer-reviewed journal articles or articles from sponsored symposia.The statistical significance of results reported in the article and whether or not the article concluded that ETS exposure is a health risk.More symposium articles than journal articles were reviews (46% vs 6%; P = .0001). More original journal articles than original symposium articles reported the use of statistical tests (96% vs 54%; P = .0001). Of articles with statistical analyses, similar proportions of journal articles and symposium articles reported statistically significant results (57% vs 47%; P = .329). The conclusions of 80% of the original journal articles were positive, compared with 51% of the original symposium articles (P = .006).There is no publication bias against statistically nonsignificant results on ETS in the peer-reviewed literature. The high proportion of articles in symposia that reach the conclusion that ETS is not harmful primarily results from the inclusion of review articles.
Bronchoalveolar lavage in COPD: fluid recovery correlates with the degree of emphysema
Authors: J. M. Löfdahl, K. Cederlund, L. Nathell, A. Eklund, C. M. Sköld
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an important research tool for assessing airway inflammation in a variety of inflammatory lung diseases. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), BAL recovery is often low, making analysis of the recovered fluid difficult to interpret. The present authors hypothesised that the degree of emphysema may predict BAL recovery. A total of 20 COPD patients (mean age 57 yrs, range 49-69) with a median (interquartile range) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 51 (33-69)% predicted underwent BAL. Matched "healthy" smokers and nonsmokers served as controls. Emphysema index in COPD patients was calculated on computed tomography scan as the percentage of the right lung with pixels <-950 Hounsfield units. The carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (DL,CO) was determined by the single-breath method. COPD patients had lower BAL recovery than controls. COPD patients with an emphysema index <1 had higher BAL recovery than patients with an emphysema index >1. BAL recovery correlated negatively to emphysema index and positively to DL,CO. However, no correlation was found between recovery and FEV1. In conclusion, the extent of emphysema evaluated by computed tomography-scan index and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung may predict a low bronchoalveolar lavage recovery in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. These parameters may, therefore, be useful when chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients are selected for bronchoscopy with bronchoalveloar lavage. The present study underlines the importance of careful phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
The Evening Seminar
Authors: Markus Donix
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

On Being a DoctorSeptember 17, 2013The Evening SeminarMarkus Donix, MDMarkus Donix, MDFrom University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-6-201309170-00013 Audio Reading - “The Evening Seminar” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Evening Seminar," by M. Donix. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When she entered the room, I wondered whether she would feel uncomfortable. Placed on a small podium in front of a large audience was a chair on which the patient was to sit. The rustling and whispering that always echo our alertness of the past day in an evening seminar at the hospital suddenly gave room to an expectant silence. She was recovering from a major depressive episode, which had led her to the edge of suicide and unable to care for her family or herself. In a psychiatry department specializing in affective disorders, lectures and seminars on depression are ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.Corresponding Author: Markus Donix, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; e-mail, [email protected]. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Evening Seminar” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "The Evening Seminar," by M. Donix. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics September 17, 2013Volume 159, Issue 6Page: 432KeywordsAntidepressantsHygieneMood disordersPerceptionPhysical functioningPsychiatry and mental healthPsychologistsSleepSuicide ePublished: 17 September 2013 Issue Published: September 17, 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Chronic cough and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) related to chronic rhinitis and not gastroesophageal reflux (GER), but due to inlet patch (IP) of acid secreting heterotopic gastric mucosa below the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
Authors: W.S. Silvers, J.S. Levine, R.W. Weber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Lack of Evidence for Linkage of the Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene to Essential Hypertension
Authors: Alain Bonnardeaux, Sophie Nadaud, Anne Charru, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Pierre Corvol, Florent Soubrier
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The basal release of nitric oxide by the endothelium plays an important role in regulating blood flow and pressure and mediates most of the endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Impairment of nitric oxide production by specific inhibitors increases blood pressure in humans, and several reports suggest that hypertensive subjects have a blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilatation that might be secondary to decreased nitric oxide production from the vessel wall.To determine whether the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is involved in human essential hypertension, we identified informative biallelic and multiallelic markers of this locus and performed case-control and linkage studies in hypertensive subjects and normotensive control subjects. We used the affected sib pair method to test for potential linkage in 145 hypertensive pedigrees (269 sib pairs, 346 subjects) with a highly polymorphic marker of the nitric oxide synthase gene (polymorphism information content of 92%). There was no evidence for linkage among affected siblings. The 95% upper confidence limit of this value suggests that at most 1% of alleles in excess of expected are shared. We also identified two informative biallelic markers of this gene to perform a case-control study on white hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Similar genotype distributions between the two groups were noted for both markers. Estimated haplotype frequencies by maximum likelihood methods combining the two biallelic markers were also similar in both groups.These findings do not suggest that common molecular variants of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene are involved in essential hypertension.
Nonmalignant T cells stimulate growth of T-cell lymphoma cells in the presence of bacterial toxins
Authors: Anders Woetmann, Paola Lovato, Karsten W. Eriksen, Thorbjørn Krejsgaard, Tord Labuda, Qian Zhang, Anne-Merethe Mathiesen, Carsten Geisler, Arne Svejgaard, Mariusz A. Wasik, Niels Ødum
Journal: Blood (2006)
Regression of glomerulosclerosis in response to transient treatment with angiotensin II blockers is attenuated by blockade of matrix metalloproteinase-2
Authors: Kaori Hayashi, Hiroyuki Sasamura, Kimiko Ishiguro, Yusuke Sakamaki, Tatsuhiko Azegami, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Electroencephalography: Basic Principles, Clinical Applications and Related Fields
Authors: John S. Barlow
Journal: JAMA (1983)

As the work of the principal authors and 23 other leading authorities, this book is a landmark in the field. Of the 44 chapters, the senior author, Dr Niedermeyer, who is electroencephalographer-in-chief at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, wrote a third himself. Together with such standard topics as the physiological and pathophysiological basis of the EEG, also considered are changes with maturation and aging, normal and abnormal EEGs in a great variety of conditions (epileptic, vascular, metabolic, and degenerative), activation techniques, and depth recordings, the newer areas of sleep disorders, and clinical applications of potentials evoked by sensory stimulation. Laboratory organization, electronics, and recording techniques are also considered. Some chapters are in themselves virtual monographs (eg, Niedermeyer's chapter on epileptic seizure disorders, Lombroso's on neonatal EEG, and Lopes da Silva's on EEG data recording and computer processing).  To a large measure, the many topics are well organized, well covered, well