tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura: Surgery for the 21st century
Authors: James P. Dolan, Brett C. Sheppard, Thomas G. DeLoughery
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Although immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune hematological disorder, there is still controversy regarding the optimal management of this condition. Medical therapy may cure a proportion of patients with ITP but there are still a significant number of these individuals who are at risk for bleeding events. Surgery has become the least popular therapeutic option for ITP as other medical therapies have become available that attempt to avoid splenectomy and its morbidity. However, the clinical response to these therapies has not been overwhelming based on the fairly small number of trials conducted to date. With current minimally invasive surgical techniques, splenectomy should be again regarded as a viable therapeutic option in patients with ITP. The laparoscopic approach avoids much of the morbidity and complications seen with the conventional open surgical approach and studies have demonstrated similar, if not better, outcomes. In addition, the risk of infection following splenectomy is not as high as may be suspected, particularly with current vaccination regiments. It should be a priority for both the hematology and medical community to advocate for clinical trials to rationally study alternatives to splenectomy. In the interim, laparoscopic splenectomy should be considered as an additional front line therapeutic option in ITP patients.
SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENT WITH BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER VERSUS SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENT WITH DURABLE POLYMER FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DE NOVO CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS (EVOLUTION): A RANDOMIZED NON-INFERIORITY TRIAL
Authors: Junbo Ge, Lei Ge, Juying Qian, Guosheng Fu, Huiliang Liu, Genshan Ma, Yitong Ma, Weiyi Fang, Hui Li, Yujie Zhou, Yongwen Qin, Yigang Li, Lianqun Cui, Chengzhi Lu, Bin Liu, Jifei Tang, Zheng Zhang, Meixiang Xiang, Xuefeng Guang, Dadong Zhang, Qing He
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
CMR Detects Subclinical Cardiomyopathy in Mother-Carriers of Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sophie Mavrogeni, Konstantinos Bratis, Antigoni Papavasiliou, Eleni Skouteli, Evangelos Karanasios, Dimitris Georgakopoulos, Genovefa Kolovou, George Papadopoulos
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Assembly of Discrete Collagen–Chitosan Microenvironments into Multiphase Tissue Constructs
Authors: David J. Caldwell, Rameshwar R. Rao, Jan P. Stegemann
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Modular assembly of protein-polysaccharide microenvironments into 3D macroscale tissue constructs is reported. Rapid and simple centrifugation and vacuum molding methods are used to create cohesive multiphase constructs with prescribed geometries. Human fibroblasts are shown to survive in the microenvironments and in the macroscale constructs. Control of the spatial organization in engineered tissues is a key to recreating the complex tissue architectures needed for regenerative therapies.
Charity suspends work in Afghanistan after five staff are killed
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The medical aid agency Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has suspended activities in Afghanistan after five staff working for its Dutch branch were killed in one of the worst attacks on humanitarian workers since the fall of the Taliban in 2001.

A Norwegian doctor, Egil Tynaes, died along with Dutch logistics expert Willem Kwint, Belgian project coordinator Helene de Beir, their Afghan translator, Fasil Ahmad, and their driver, Besmillah.

Their vehicle was apparently hit by gunfire and grenades on a road near Khairkhana in the northwestern province of Badghis last week.

Dr Egil Tynaes, aged 62, was a senior …
Better Reporting of Harms in Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement
Authors: John P.A. Ioannidis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

In response to overwhelming evidence and the consequences of poor-quality reporting of randomized, controlled trials (RCTs), many medical journals and editorial groups have now endorsed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement, a 22-item checklist and flow diagram. Because CONSORT primarily aimed at improving the quality of reporting of efficacy, only 1 checklist item specifically addressed the reporting of safety. Considerable evidence suggests that reporting of harms-related data from RCTs also needs improvement. Members of the CONSORT Group, including journal editors and scientists, met in Montebello, Quebec, Canada, in May 2003 to address this problem. The result is the following document: the standard CONSORT checklist with 10 new recommendations about reporting harms-related issues, accompanying explanation, and examples to highlight specific aspects of proper reporting. We hope that this document, in conjunction with other CONSORT-related materials (www.consort-statement.org), will help authors improve their reporting of harms-related data from RCTs. Better reporting will help readers critically appraise and interpret trial results. Journals can support this goal by revising Instructions to Authors so that they refer authors to this document. *For a list of members of the CONSORT Group, see Appendix 1.
Surface carcinoma of the stomach
Authors: M. K. Mason
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Surface carcinomata confined to the mucosa have been found in 10% of stomachs operated on for apparently benign conditions.A multifocal origin is not uncommon.The prognosis is good.In this series the diagnosis was established by pathological studies on resected specimens but an increased awareness of this possibility may alert clinicians to make the diagnosis before operation.The majority of patients who present with a gastric carcinoma have a large growth which can be diagnosed with comparative ease, both by clinical procedures and by naked-eye inspection of the excised stomach.There is, however, a group of cases in which the growth is confined to the mucosa and, in the absence of an obvious tumour, the diagnosis can only be made by microscopic examin- ation.The lesions have been studied by several authors (Ewing, 1936; Gutmann, Bertrand, and Peristiany, 1939; Mallory, 1940; Stout, 1942; Bamforth, 1955; Friesen, Dockerty, and ReMine, 1962) who have applied a variety of names but the most satisfactory term is probably 'superficial' or 'surface' carcinoma.Their particular importance lies both in the good prognosis and also in the information they provide on the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.The following series of cases is presented to show the incidence and pathological features of the condition. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 158 stomachs surgically removed by partial gastrectomy for apparently benign conditions were obtained fresh, opened along the greater curvature and pinned out flat on a cork board.Cytological studies were undertaken on the unfixed mucosa by scraping it in various areas with a toothbrush and spreading the material obtained onto a slide.Care was always taken to obtain a smear from the vicinity of any ulcer.The
Association of complement alleles C4AQ0 and C4B5 with rheumatoid arthritis in Koreans.
Authors: M H Park, M D Oh, Y W Song, H J Pai, F Takeuchi, K Tokunaga, G H Hong, K S Park
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To investigate the association of complement C4 allotypes with rheumatoid arthritis in Koreans.65 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 255 controls were typed for C4 allotypes and HLA-A, B, C, DR, and DQ antigens.The frequencies of C4AQ0 (32.3% v 14.9%, P < 0.005) and C4B5 (29.2% v 12.2%, P < 0.005) were significantly increased in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with healthy control subjects. Among rheumatoid patients, the frequency of C4AQ0 was significantly increased in both the rheumatoid factor (RF) positive (27.3%) and the RF negative (66.7%) subgroups. The frequencies of C4B5 and HLA-DR4 were significantly increased only in RF positive subgroup. C4B5 was strongly associated with HLA-DR4, whereas C4AQ0 did not show association with DR4.In Koreans, C4AQ0 and C4B5 are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, as in the Japanese. C4B5 is strongly associated with HLA-DR4. C4AQ0 is considered to be a DR4 independent risk factor, and a disease susceptibility allele in linkage disequilibrium with C4AQ0 is suggested in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
An Evaluation of a Simple Rapid-Section Technic for Immediate Histologic Diagnoses
Authors: James S. Campbell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IN 1944 MacMahon1 devised a simple method for the rapid sectioning of tissue that has displaced the common frozen-section technic from the hospital laboratories associated with the Department of Pathology of Tufts College Medical School. With this technic 590 histologic diagnoses have been established during operations in the New England Medical Center in the past three years. These diagnoses have been accurate in 97.6 per cent of cases, and, what is equally important, approximately 90 per cent of the diagnoses have been made by residents in training. From these results it seems that this simple diagnostic procedure might be considered . . .
Are there socioeconomic gradients in stage and grade of breast cancer at diagnosis? Cross sectional analysis of UK cancer registry data
Authors: Jean Adams, Martin White, David Forman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Are there socioeconomic gradients in stage and grade of breast cancer at diagnosis?Cross sectional analysis of UK cancer registry data Jean Adams, Martin White, David Forman 5 (most deprived) 2.59 to 8.45 365/2277 (16.0) 1.53 (1.28 to 1.82) 664/2009 (33.1) 1.15 (1.00 to 1.31) Test for trend of odds 2 =25.52,P<0.0001 2 =8.34,P=0.004 TDS=Townsend deprivation score.*Defined as nodal or metastatic spread.†Defined as poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, or anaplastic.
The Value of Delayed (24-Hour) Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, DOV FRONT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Delayed 24-hour scintigraphy was performed in 23 patients. It was found to be useful in enhancing abnormal uptake, enabling better anatomic localization and verifying doubtful uptakes in the 4-hour study. The underlying causes of these observations are probably a better lesion-to-blood ratio and a slow uptake in certain lesions.
Clinical Gallbladder Disease in NIDDM Subjects: Relationship to duration of diabetes and severity of glycemia
Authors: Steven M Haffner, Andrew K Diehl, Rodolfo Valdez, Braxton D Mitchell, Helen P Hazuda, Philip Morales, Michael P Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To examine the relationship between the prevalence of gallbladder disease and severity of glycemia among diabetic individuals and to provide insight into whether the diabetes-gallstone association is a causal one, because NIDDM patients have an increased prevalence of clinical gallbladder disease. Research Design and Methods— We examined 462 diabetic individuals identified during the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based survey of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Diabetes was diagnosed according to National Diabetes Data Group criteria. Results— The prevalence of self-reported gallbladder disease was 34.2% in diabetic women and 7.2% in diabetic men. Although duration of diabetes was positively related to the prevalence of gallbladder disease (P &amp;lt; 0.01), type of therapy was not associated, and fasting glucose concentration was inversely associated with gallbladder disease. Conclusions— Factors other than hyperglycemia may account for the increased prevalence of gallbladder disease in diabetic subjects.
Reply to Vincenzo Ficarra, Vito Palumbo, Afrovita Kungulli and Gianluca Giannarini's Letter to the Editor re: Andrea Minervini, Marco Carini, Robert G. Uzzo, Riccardo Campi, Marc C. Smaldone, Alexander Kutikov. Standardized Reporting of Resection Technique During Nephron-sparing Surgery: The Surface–Intermediate–Base Margin Score. Eur Urol 2014;66:803–5
Authors: Andrea Minervini, Riccardo Campi, Marc C Smaldone, Robert G Uzzo, Marco Carini, Alexander Kutikov
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Malignant conversion and metastasis of mouse skin tumors: a comparison of SENCAR and CD-1 mice.
Authors: H Hennings, E F Spangler, R Shores, P Mitchell, D Devor, A K Shamsuddin, K M Elgjo, S H Yuspa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The progression of papillomas to squamous cell carcinomas (malignant conversion) was studied in the skin of SENCAR and Charles River CD-1 mice, using a three-stage treatment protocol. After initiation with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) (stage 1) and limited promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (stage II), papilloma-bearing mice were treated (stage III) with either tumor initiators, such as urethane, N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (R-NQO), the promoter TPA, or solvent (acetone). Similar final carcinoma yields were found in the mice treated in stage III with TPA or acetone, although carcinomas developed earlier in the TPA-treated mice. In contrast, treatment with tumor initiators in stage III increased both the rate of appearance and the final yield of carcinomas. Similar results were obtained in both SENCAR and CD-1 mice. A papilloma stage appears to be necessary for carcinoma development since elimination of TPA treatment in stage II greatly reduced the incidence of both papillomas and carcinomas in both stocks of mice. The heterogeneity of papillomas with regard to progression to carcinomas is demonstrated by the low rate of conversion of TPA-dependent papillomas and the high rate of conversion of persistent papillomas in CD-1 mice. The carcinomas that develop using the three-stage regimen vary in metastatic potential. In CD-1 mice, the frequency of metastases to lymph nodes were similar in groups treated in stage III with MNNG, urethane, 4-NQO, TPA, or acetone, but treatment with urethane substantially increased metastases to the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification of Human Basophils by Affinity Chromatography on Anti‐IgE‐Sepharose 6MB
Authors: J. B. C. Toll, J. E. S. Wikberg, R. G. G. Andersson
Journal: Allergy (1981)

This work describes a method for the purification of basophil leukocytes from human peripheral blood by the use of a three-step separation technique including affinity chromatography on anti-IgE-sepharose 6MB. The purity of the obtained basophils was 50--95% and the recovery was 30--40%. The basophils separated by this method appeared normal and were found to be reactive with anti-IgE in subsequent tests.
Origin of human T-lymphotrophic virus I-positive T cell lines in adult T cell leukemia. Analysis of T cell receptor gene rearrangement.
Authors: M Maeda, A Shimizu, K Ikuta, H Okamoto, M Kashihara, T Uchiyama, T Honjo, J Yodoi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Using the clone-specific rearrangement of the T cell receptor gene as the genetic marker of the clonotype, we analyzed the clonal origin of the interleukin 2 (IL-2)-dependent human T-lymphotrophic virus I (HTLV-I)-positive T cell lines established from various adult T cell leukemia (ATL) patients. From a patient with chronic ATL, whose leukemic cells proliferated in vitro in response to IL-2, we repeatedly established leukemic T cell clones having the same rearrangement profile of the T beta chain gene as the leukemic cells. By contrast, established cell lines from acute ATL patients had different beta chain gene rearrangements from those of the leukemic cells. These HTLV-I+ T cell lines might not be the direct progeny of the leukemic cells, but that of T cells infected either in vivo or in vitro. These IL-2-reactive nonleukemic T cells might have been selected in vitro, because their leukemic cells failed to respond to IL-2, despite the expression of IL-2 receptor. The analysis of the T cell receptor gene rearrangement may give a new approach for the elucidation of the mechanism of leukemogenesis and the origin of the HTLV-I+ T cell lines in ATL.
GPs want BMA and RCGP to adopt neutral stance over assisting dying
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Most GPs want their representative bodies to adopt a neutral stance on whether or not assisted dying for terminally ill mentally competent adults should be legalised, an online poll has shown.

The poll of more than 1000 GPs, commissioned jointly by Healthcare Professionals for Assisted Dying (HPAD) and Dignity in Dying, found that 62% of GPs believe that medical bodies, such as the BMA and Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP), should take a position of “studied neutrality” because doctors themselves are so divided over the issue.

Only one third of GPs who participated in the poll through Doctors.Net.UK between 16 and 22 May, wanted to see medical bodies take a particular stance—either one of support or one of opposition. The …
Serum Sialic Acid, a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease, Is Increased in IDDM Patients With Microalbuminuria and Clinical Proteinuria
Authors: Martin A Crook, Kenneth Earle, Anna Morocutti, Jeannie Yip, Giancarlo Viberti, John C Pickup
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

An elevated serum sialic acid concentration has recently been shown to be a potent cardiovascular risk factor in the general population. Because clinical proteinuria is associated with a high frequency of cardiovascular disease, and because microalbuminuria predicts the development of renal and cardiovascular disease in diabetes, we investigated whether serum sialic acid levels are increased in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with microalbuminuria or clinical proteinuria.We studied 23 patients with IDDM who had a normal urinary albumin excretion rate, 23 patients who had microalbuminuria, and 23 patients with clinical proteinuria. The patients were matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes, GHb levels, and body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood samples were taken for measurement of sialic acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, and GHb.Serum sialic acid was significantly higher in the microalbuminuric patients compared with the normoalbuminuric group (mean +/- SD: 1.93 +/- 0.26 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.27 mM, P < 0.01). Moreover, serum sialic acid was also significantly higher in the group with clinical proteinuria compared with the microalbuminuric patients (2.34 +/- 0.24 vs. 1.93 +/- 0.26 mM, P < 0.001). Serum sialic acid was not related independently to age, BMI, diabetes duration, GHb, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, or creatinine concentration in any of the diabetic groups.These observations suggest that the serum sialic acid concentration is raised in IDDM patients with both microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria and may play a role as a cardiovascular risk factor or disease marker in these conditions.
Retinal angiogenesis suppression through small molecule activation of p53
Authors: Sai H. Chavala, Younghee Kim, Laura Tudisco, Valeria Cicatiello, Till Milde, Nagaraj Kerur, Nidia Claros, Susan Yanni, Victor H. Guaiquil, William W. Hauswirth, John S. Penn, Shahin Rafii, Sandro De Falco, Thomas C. Lee, Jayakrishna Ambati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the Western world. Cytokine-targeted therapies (such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) are effective in treating pathologic ocular angiogenesis, but have not led to a durable effect and often require indefinite treatment. Here, we show that Nutlin-3, a small molecule antagonist of the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase MDM2, inhibited angiogenesis in several model systems. We found that a functional p53 pathway was essential for Nutlin-3-mediated retinal antiangiogenesis and disruption of the p53 transcriptional network abolished the antiangiogenic activity of Nutlin-3. Nutlin-3 did not inhibit established, mature blood vessels in the adult mouse retina, suggesting that only proliferating retinal vessels are sensitive to Nutlin-3. Furthermore, Nutlin-3 inhibited angiogenesis in nonretinal models such as the hind limb ischemia model. Our work demonstrates that Nutlin-3 functions through an antiproliferative pathway with conceivable advantages over existing cytokine-targeted antiangiogenesis therapies.
More on Screening for Mild Thyroid Failure
Authors: Mark Helfand
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In trying to replicate the results of the article on screening for mild thyroid failure by Mr Danese and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>I found a mathematical error in one of the assumptions of the cost-effectiveness model. Consequently, the analysis overestimates the effect of levothyroxine sodium on symptom relief and underestimates the costs of screening. Danese and colleagues assumed there was "symptomatic improvement in 28% of patients with mild thyroid failure." This estimate comes from 2 randomized trials of treatment for mild thyroid failure.<sup>2,3</sup>In one of these trials,<sup>2</sup>treatment with levothyroxine sodium relieved symptoms in 8 of 17 patients vs 3 of 16 patients in the placebo group. The difference of 8 of 17 (0.47) less 3 of 16 (0.19), or 0.28, is the net benefit or effect size of treatment. Its reciprocal, approximately 4, is the number needed to treat to benefit 1 patient. However,
Dimethoxyethyl phthalate: embryopathy, teratogenicity, fetal metabolism and the role of zinc in the rat.
Authors: M R Parkhie, M Webb, M A Norcross
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

A single intraperitoneal injection (0.6 ml/kg) of dimethoxyethyl phthalate (DMEP) was given to groups of Wistar strain rats on day 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14 of gestation. Control rats received 0.6 ml/kg of physiological saline intraperitoneally. In phthalate-treated rats, embryopathy was manifested by a high incidence (12-79%) of fetal deaths and fetal resorptions. Fetotoxic effects were expressed by a significant reduction in fetal weights. Hydrocephalus interna, a congenital malformation of the brain, was caused by DMEP. Congenital skeletal deformities (66-96%), with multiple skeletal (14-64%) and appendicular malformations (25-57%), were also induced by DMEP. Control rats exhibited no congenital malformations of the brain and no appendicular or multiple skeletal deformities. DMEP caused a significant decrease in the zinc content of the fetus. Fetoplacental metabolism 1 and 4 hr after intravenous administration of 14C-DMEP suggested rapid transfer of the parent compound to the fetus across the placenta and that DMEP is a teratogenic moiety. The possible role of zinc in phthalate-induced teratogenesis in rats is also discussed.
Transactivation of RON receptor tyrosine kinase by interaction with PDGF receptor β during steady-state growth of human mesangial cells
Authors: Takahisa Kobayashi, Yusuke Furukawa, Jiro Kikuchi, Chiharu Ito, Yukio Miyata, Shigeaki Muto, Akira Tanaka, Eiji Kusano
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Familial Gestational Hyperthyroidism Caused by a Mutant Thyrotropin Receptor Hypersensitive to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Patrice Rodien, Catherine Brémont, Marie-Laure Raffin Sanson, Jasmine Parma, Jacqueline Van Sande, Sabine Costagliola, Jean-Pierre Luton, Gilbert Vassart, Laurence Duprez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Some degree of stimulation of the thyroid gland by human chorionic gonadotropin is common during early pregnancy.1–3 When serum chorionic gonadotropin concentrations are abnormally high — for example, in women with molar pregnancies — overt hyperthyroidism may ensue. The pathophysiologic mechanism is believed to be promiscuous stimulation of the thyrotropin receptor by the excess chorionic gonadotropin.4,5 The explanation for this stimulation is the close structural relations between chorionic gonadotropin and thyrotropin and between their receptors.6 Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by excessive vomiting in early pregnancy, leading to the loss of 5 percent or more of body weight.4 It . . .