tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
One of the Causes of the Chaos in Posology.
Authors: William J. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1903)

New York, Nov. 21, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In my communication, "Dose of Carbolic Acid and Dosage in General," which appeared inThe Journal, November 21, I said that our so-called science of posology is in an uncertain, chaotic condition. There are many intrinsic reasons for this chaos and uncertainty, but I wish to call attention to one cause, which contributes toward that chaos, sows confusion in the physician's mind and not infrequently throws him off the track. Two or three days ago the question of dosage came up. A medical friend, a recent graduate, said that the dose of belladonna as given in the books is entirely too small. He has a child under treatment suffering with pertussis; he has been trying to put it under the influence of belladonna. He started with one-drop doses of the fluid extract, but as they had no effect, he began gradually to
Delayed Distension of Contracted Airways with Lung Inflation<i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: ROBERT H. BROWN, WAYNE MITZNER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

A deep inspiratory sigh is one of the most severe dynamic stresses that lungs normally experience. It typically is a very transient phenomenon, normally lasting only about 2 to 3 s. The airway response to a deep inspiration has been shown to be different in asthmatic and normal individuals. When airway smooth muscle (ASM) is contracted in normal subjects, a deep inspiration results in a subsequent dilation of the airways. However, in asthmatic subjects, a deep inspiration often results in little change in airway function, and sometimes results in an even further contraction of ASM. The mechanism underlying this difference depends on the dynamic behavior of both ASM and the lung parenchyma. If the contracted muscle had slower dynamic responses than the lung parenchyma, the timing of the deep inspiratory maneuver could affect the airway response. In the present study, we designed an experiment to determine how well matched the dynamic response is of airways to that of the lung parenchyma. The results clearly demonstrate that airways contracted with methacholine dilate at about a rate four times slower than that of the lung parenchyma during rapid lung inflation and deflation. This effect may play a role in the unique response of asthmatic subjects to deep inspiration. The mechanism of this dynamic slowness of contracted airways probably involves intrinsic properties of the smooth-muscle contractile processes.
HYDROTHERAPY IN NERVOUS FATIGUE
Authors: CURRAN POPE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Fatigue may be defined as an exhaustion of the bodily, nervous or mental powers, or of all combined.In the neural fatigue that we are to consider, it may be stated in broad terms that the person suffers in all the various spheres mentioned.Fatigue in the normal subject is not unpleasant, but a rather delightful preface to restful restoration.The chemical conditions of fatigue lie in the produc- tion of the so-called "fatigue subst ances, " particularly carbon dioxid and lactic acid.These substances in small quantities increase protoplasmic activity and augment muscular energy.The preponderance of evidence seems to favor the idea that there is a high degree of resist- ance to fatigue on the part of the brain and spinal cord, as well as the nerve fiber itself.Fatigue is a general systemic sensation like hunger and thirst; it has its localized sensations, more espe- cially in the eyes and muscles.Fatigue may become so
A controlled trial of oral sodium cromoglycate in atopic eczema
Authors: D. J. ATHERTON, J. F. SOOTHILL, JANE ELVIDGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

A placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial of oral sodium cromoglycate was undertaken in thirty children with atopic eczema, employing the dosage and administration schedule recommended by the manufacturers. No difference was detected between the effects of 4 weeks' treatment with sodium cromoglycate and placebo.
Immunophenotype and DNA content of myeloma cells in primary plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Chihiro Shimazaki, Hideo Gotoh, Eishi Ashihara, Naritoshi Oku, Tohru Inaba, Satoshi Murakami, Kunihiko Itoh, Yasuaki Ura, Masao Nakagawa, Naohisa Fujita
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

To clarify the biological characteristics of the myeloma cells in primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL), we studied the immunological phenotype and DNA content of cells from five patients with primary PCL as compared to those from the patients with typical multiple myeloma (MM). In two of five patients with PCL myeloma cells had B-cell-associated antigens (B1, J5) and surface immunoglobulin in addition to plasma cell associated antigens, suggesting that these cells are immunologically immature as compared to mature plasma cells. Concerning the DNA content of myeloma cells, two of four patients had hypodiploid while two had diploid myeloma cells. In contrast, 24 of the 37 (65%) patients with typical MM had hyperdiploid and 1 had hypodiploid myeloma cells. These observations suggest that the myeloma cells in PCL are immunologically heterogeneous. The increased incidence of hypodiploidy in PCL may explain its relatively poor prognosis as previously shown in those with typical MM and hypodiploid DNA content.
Malaria, Mefloquine, Madness, and Mosquito Nets
Authors: Guy Lonergan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lobel et al<sup>1</sup>point out that mefloquine is the most effective drug for malaria prophylaxis in sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Asia (except the Middle East), and Oceania. As well, mefloquine is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control as the drug of choice for malaria prophylaxis in these regions.<sup>2</sup>We would like to caution against indiscriminate use of this drug. Although we agree that travelers at high risk of developing malaria should receive mefloquine, it is not necessarily the drug of choice for all persons traveling to the aforementioned areas because of its neuropsychiatric side effects.<sup>3</sup>These may be viewed as minor in the case of inpatient treatment but could prove more important for self-medicated patients in a foreign country, where psychiatric symptoms may not be recognized as such because of language or cultural differences, or may not be properly treated. In our opinion,
Echocardiographic detection of intracardiac right-to-left shunts following peripheral vein injections.
Authors: L M Valdes-Cruz, D R Pieroni, J M Roland, P J Varghese
Journal: Circulation (1976)

A contrast echocardiographic technique using peripheral vein injections for the detection and localization of intracardiac right-to-left shunting is described. Fifty children underwent cardiac catheterization and peripheral contrast echocardiographic studies. The site, degree, and direction of shunting were established at catheterization by oximetry, indicator dilution analysis and/or angiography. Peripheral vein injections were performed from the right antecubital vein or the right saphenous vein. Right-to-left shunts were documented at catheterization in 27/50 patients; contrast echocardiographic studies indicated the presence and level of shunting in all 27 patients. The contrast echocardiographic technique using peripheral vein injections detects and localizes right-to-left intracardiac shunting. It is a safe and sensitive method to evaluate systemic desaturation in ambulatory and postoperative patients.
Trust and health department deny acting illegally over "do not resuscitate" order
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A man plans to sue England’s health secretary, Andrew Lansley, and a hospital trust for allegedly imposing a “do not attempt to resuscitate” order on his wife without her express consent.

David Tracey is taking legal action against Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for allegedly failing to carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation on his wife, Janet. He claims that the trust and the Department of Health for England acted unlawfully by not having a standard policy on resuscitation decisions.

Mrs Tracey, who …
Needle for intravenous infusion.
Authors: E. A. Hardy
Journal: BMJ (1969)

JOUNiALinstances gave rise to suicidal attempts.It was always relieved by discontinuing the drug.A mild, ephemeral depression was also observed in several other patients.The disproportionately high incidence of side-effects as compared with psychotic relapses is very striking.While many of these were undoubtedly due to early inexperience in managing doses, and time intervals between injections, it was felt that they were a considerable obstacle to the widespread accept- ance of the drug.We found that acute side- effects generally responded to intravenous pro- cyclidine hydrochloride (Kemadrin), and this treatment is always available at the outpatient department in the hospital; benzhexol (Artane) is used for more chronic Parkinsonian side- effects, and promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan) for akathisia.It is important to recognize side-effects before these give rise to serious disabilities and possibly hospital admission.We are presently trying out a newer preparation, fluphenazine decanoate (Modecate), reported to give fewer adverse effects.
Reimbursement over the Atlantic
Authors: A. Andrew Casano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

On Being a Doctor15 June 1995Reimbursement over the AtlanticA. Andrew Casano, MDA. Andrew Casano, MDAlbany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Two unrelated issues came to mind as I reflected on a recent harrowing experience. One was the heated debate over the imbalance in financial reward between medical-surgical procedures and so-called cognitive activity or (forgive me) non-procedures. The second was the solid foundation of traditional Western medical education on which I was fortunate enough to capitalize.It seems that in medicine we have developed a curriculum that is effective, even for those of us who only practice part-time and cannot be on the cutting edge of technology with its latest generation of cephalosporins. It is a credit to traditional medical education ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208Corresponding Author: A. Andrew Casano, MD, Albany Medical Center (A.38), 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe physician as ambivalent samaritanTHE COMPROMISED TRAVELER 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 957-958KeywordsBloodChildrenEmergency departmentEmotionsGlucoseInsulinMedical educationPhlebotomyVeinsVision Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Early Fingertip Changes in Scleroderma
Authors: Heun Y. Yune
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Roentgenographs of the hands of 52 patients with scleroderma were compared with those of 43 patients with other collagen diseases and 22 patients with primary Raynaud's disease. Abnormal roentgenographic findings were noted in 33 (63%) of patients with scleroderma as compared to 5% (2) of patients with other collagen disease and 41% (9) of patients with primary Raynaud's disease. In scleroderma roentgenographic changes are commonly seen early in the course of the disease. Soft tissue atrophy of the fingertips is usually associated with neurovascular manifestations (Raynaud's phenomenon). Calcifications of the pulp of the fingertip and bone erosion are commonly seen in scleroderma and are not necessarily associated with the presence or absence of Raynaud's phenomenon.
An audit of the clinical investigation of pleural effusion.
Authors: A D Walshe, J G Douglas, K M Kerr, M E McKean, D J Godden
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Pleural aspiration with pleural biopsy is advised for the investigation of pleural effusion. The clinical investigation of pleural effusion in a group of teaching hospitals was audited with reference to adequacy and diagnostic value of sampling procedures.A retrospective review of case records of all patients investigated for pleural effusion during an eight month period was performed. The records of 112 patients, age range 16-91 years, who underwent 150 procedures were reviewed.Microbiology samples were obtained from 137 procedures, of which five provided a positive culture, including one for mycobacteria. Cytology samples were obtained from 145 procedures though approximately two thirds of samples were less than the recommended 30 ml. The pleural biopsy rate was 30%, varying from 0% in general or thoracic surgery to 68% in thoracic medicine (thoracic surgeons carried out thoracoscopy). Twenty nine per cent of pleural biopsy samples were of poor quality. The complication rate was 2% for aspiration alone, and 4% for aspiration plus biopsy. The sensitivity of the first diagnostic procedure for a diagnosis of malignancy or tuberculosis was 53% for cytology alone, 50% for biopsy alone and 72% for cytology plus biopsy.The samples obtained from pleural aspiration and biopsy in the initial investigation of pleural effusion are often inadequate. Further education is necessary to improve the quantity and quality of specimens submitted for histological and cytological examination.
Incidence of Intrathoracic Sarcoidosis Among Young Adults Participating in a Trial of Tuberculosis Vaccines
Authors: I. Sutherland, D. N. Mitchell, P. D. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1965)

closely preceded the first abnormal radiograph.It will be appreciated that for some cases the starting-point, thus defined, may be a considerable time after the true, but unknown, date of onset of the disease.Of the 52 cases, 29 had been discovered by the periodic M.R.C. radiographic examinations and 23 by the National Health Service (the latter including six as a result of a routine radiographic examination).Having completed the assessments, the special assessor was told the results of the tuberculin tests and the vaccination status for each patient, to discover whether the withholding of this information had seriously hampered him in making the assess- ments.With this extra information he would have regarded one of the 52 cases of sarcoidosis as primary tuberculosis, and three of the cases of possible sarcoidosis as definite sarcoidosis, BRITISH
The Music of <i>This</i> Sphere
Authors: Lewis Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IT is one of our problems that as we become crowded together, the sounds we make to each other, in our increasingly complex communication systems, become more random-sounding, accidental or incidental, and we have trouble selecting meaningful signals out of the noise. One reason is, of course, that we do not seem able to restrict our communication to information-bearing, relevant signals. Given any new technology for transmitting information, we seem bound to use it for great quantities of small-talk. We are only saved by music from being overwhelmed by nonsense.It is a marginal comfort to know that the relatively . . .
Results of a Multicenter, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Combination of Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Tigecycline in High-Risk Hematologic Patients With Cancer With Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Giampaolo Bucaneve, Alessandra Micozzi, Marco Picardi, Stelvio Ballanti, Nicola Cascavilla, Prassede Salutari, Giorgina Specchia, Rosa Fanci, Mario Luppi, Laura Cudillo, Renato Cantaffa, Giuseppe Milone, Monica Bocchia, Giovanni Martinelli, Massimo Offidani, Anna Chierichini, Francesco Fabbiano, Giovanni Quarta, Valeria Primon, Bruno Martino, Annunziata Manna, Eliana Zuffa, Antonella Ferrari, Giuseppe Gentile, Robin Foà, Albano Del Favero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Empiric antibiotic monotherapy is considered the standard of treatment for febrile neutropenic patients with cancer, but this approach may be inadequate because of the increasing prevalence of infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria.In this multicenter, open-label, randomized, superiority trial, adult, febrile, high-risk neutropenic patients (FhrNPs) with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to receive piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5 g intravenously every 8 hours) with or without tigecycline (50 mg intravenously every 12 hours; loading dose 100 mg). The primary end point was resolution of febrile episode without modifications of the initial allocated treatment.Three hundred ninety FhrNPs were enrolled (combination/monotherapy, 187/203) and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis (ITTA). The ITTA revealed a successful outcome in 67.9% v 44.3% of patients who had received combination therapy and monotherapy, respectively (127/187 v 90/203; absolute difference in risk (adr), 23.6%; 95% CI, 14% to 33%; P < .001). The combination regimen proved better than monotherapy in bacteremias (adr, 32.8%; 95% CI, 19% to 46%; P < .001) and in clinically documented infections (adr, 36%; 95% CI, 9% to 64%; P < .01). Mortality and number of adverse effects were limited and similar in the two groups.The combination of piperacillin/tazobactam and tigecycline is safe, well tolerated, and more effective than piperacillin/tazobactam alone in febrile, high-risk, neutropenic hematologic patients with cancer. In epidemiologic settings characterized by a high prevalence of infections because of MDR microorganisms, this combination could be considered as one of the first-line empiric antibiotic therapies.
437 ROLE OF CIRCULATING CD4+CD25+ AND INTRAGRAFT FOXP3+ REGULATORY T CELLS IN A LIVER TRANSPLANT POPULATION
Authors: J.W. Jang, J.D. Kim, J.H. Kwon, S.H. Bae, S.H. Cho, J.M. Yang, S.W. Choi, C.D. Lee, K.W. Chung, J.Y. Choi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
MEASUREMENT OF ARTERIAL AGING IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS*
Authors: Francois M. Abboud, John H. Huston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Roach and Burton (1) described two important changes in arterial walls with advancing age.One is an increase in collagenous fibers causing loss of distensibility with increase in the slope dP/ dV of arterial pressure-volume curves.The other is a decrease in the unstretched length of these collagenous fibers as the "slack" in them is taken up, possibly by cross linkages and adhesions.This change results in a more rapid decrease in distensibility with stretch and an increase in the rate of change in slope (or the curvature) of pres- sure-volume curves toward the pressure axis.An indirect clinical index of the latter effect of aging on arterial walls has been described (2, 3) and referred to, arbitrarily, as an "index of arterial rigidity."It does not measure the slope dP/dV of arterial pressure-volume curves but the rate of change in slope (or the curvature) with pressure.Thus, it is not directly related to distensibility of the large arteries but it represents the differential of their stiffness with respect to pressure.Conway and Smith (2) applied this test to a study of "aging of arteries in relation to hypertension" and found that the rigidity indices of older hypertensive patients exceeded those of a control group of 16 young medical students.Their observations (2, 4) supported the hypothesis (5) that in the majority of patients with es- sential hypertension the elevated diastolic pres- sure is the consequence of aging of arteries.More recently (3) we demonstrated a strong correlation between this index and age which made us suspect that a number of the hypertensives in their studies might be considered to have normal rigidity in- dices when compared with normal subjects of the same age.Knowing the variation of this index
Congenital Heart Disease: An Illustrated Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Richard D. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This revised and elegantly produced version of the 1954 text aims to emphasize the importance of precise diagnosis of congenital heart disease and is directed toward the "medical student, intern, resident, pediatrician, internist, radiologist and surgeon." The first half of the material deals with clinical evaluation, roentgenographic and electrocardiographic examination, special studies and treatment; the other half is an atlas of cyanotic and acyanotic malformations of the heart. Clinical evaluation is dealt with in a comprehensive manner and contains good practical advice. An otherwise satisfactory introduction to electrocardiography is marred by poor labeling of the electrocardiograms and bad quality of vectorcardiograms. The authors give a detailed account of the interpretation of chest films, but they devote surprisingly little space to the wide variations in appearance of lung vascularity in patients with left to right shunts of comparable size, or the real difficulty in determining whether vascularity is normal or increased
A CASE OF LINEAR SCLEROSIS ATTRIBUTED TO INFECTION WITH EPIDERMOPHYTON
Authors: D. E. H. CLEVELAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article A CASE OF LINEAR SCLEROSIS ATTRIBUTED TO INFECTION WITH EPIDERMOPHYTON Get access D. E. H. CLEVELAND, M.D. D. E. H. CLEVELAND, M.D. Yancouver, B.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 11, 1 November 1928, Pages 451–453, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb09265.x Published: 01 November 1928
Recent Advances in T.N.M
Authors: M. H. Harmer
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Many doctors are familiar with the clinical classification of malignant tumours published by the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (U.I.C.C.).Recent Advances in T.N.M.-HarmerWith regard to the regional nodes it would seem right to define the N categories in the same way as those for the other sites in the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, which have already been internationally agreed.Thus NO: No palpable nodes.Ni : Movable homolateral nodes.N2:
Alterations in the intrinsic properties of the GPIbα–VWF tether bond define the kinetics of the platelet-type von Willebrand disease mutation, Gly233Val
Authors: Teresa A. Doggett, Gaurav Girdhar, Avril Lawshe, Jonathan L. Miller, Ian J. Laurenzi, Scott L. Diamond, Thomas G. Diacovo
Journal: Blood (2003)
Israeli health insurer files lawsuit against tobacco companies
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Israel's largest health insurer has filed a £1.3bn ($2bn) lawsuit in the Jerusalem district court against tobacco companies in the United States, Britain, and Israel as compensation for the cost of treating its members for smoking related diseases.

The brief, filed by lawyers Amos Hausner and Dr Lipa Meir, was filed against Philip Morris, R J Reynolds Tobacco, Brown and Williamson, British American Tobacco, Liggett and Myers, Lorillard Tobacco, and Israel's own Dubek company. It was not only the largest damage suit ever filed in Israel, but also the first time that a public institution in one country has sued tobacco companies in other countries for health damage caused by its products.

The health fund, Kupat Holim Clalit, …