tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human health risk assessment: A case study involving heavy metal soil contamination after the flooding of the river Meuse during the winter of 1993-1994.
Authors: H J Albering, S M van Leusen, E J Moonen, J A Hoogewerff, J C Kleinjans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

At the end of December 1993 and also at the end of January 1995, the river Meuse, one of the major rivers in Europe, flooded and river banks were inundated. We investigated the possible health risks of exposure to heavy metal concentrations in river bank soils resulting from the flooding of the river Meuse at the end of 1993. Soil and deposit samples and corresponding aerable and fodder crops were collected and analyzed for heavy metals. Although the soils of the floodplain of the river Meuse appeared severely polluted mainly by Cd and Zn, the heavy metal concentrations in the crops grown on these soils were within background ranges. Incidentally, the legal standard for Cd as endorsed by the Commodities Act was exceeded in wheat crops. The main exposure pathways for the general population were through the consumption of food crops grown on the river banks and through the direct ingestion of contaminated soils. For estimating potential human exposure in relation to soil pollution, we used a multiple pathway exposure model. For estimating the actual risk, we determined metal contents of vegetables grown in six experimental gardens. From this study, it can be concluded that there is a potential health risk for the river bank inhabitants as a consequence of Pb and Cd contaminations of the floodplain soils of the river Meuse, which are frequently inundated (averaged flooding frequency once every 2 years).
'Pertussis Vaccine Encephalopathy': It Is Time to Recognize It as the Myth That It Is
Authors: James D. Cherry
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The article by Griffin et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalis the third recent controlled study that has examined the risk of seizures and other acute neurological illnesses after immunization with pertussis-containing vaccines.<sup>1-3</sup>In these three studies, which involved about 230 000 children and 713 000 immunizations, no evidence of a causal relationship between pertussis vaccine and permanent neurological illness was found. In the two previously published studies, an association between immunization and first febrile seizures was noted; Walker and associates<sup>2</sup>found that the incidence of febrile seizures in the immediate postimmunization period was 3.7 times that in the period 30 days or more after immunization. Shields and colleagues<sup>3</sup>estimated about one febrile seizure for every 1000 children 10 months of age or older who were immunized. In addition to the three recent studies mentioned above, which fail to show a causal relationship between
Silent lower aortic obstruction
Authors: F. D. Salama, C. E. Drew
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Three cases of lower aortic obstruction are described in which the diagnosis was made at operation. Profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest was used for replacement of the mitral valve by a Starr Edwards prosthesis. Femoral perfusion was used and the diagnosis was made in the first case only because the rectal temperature fell precipitously during cooling, while the temperature in the upper part of the body was slow to fall. In this case disobliteration was not carried out, but in two further cases this was done through a bilateral femoral arteriotomy using Fogarty catheters. All cases were seen during a period of 18 months among 35 mitral valve replacements. Silent lower aortic obstruction may not therefore be a rare condition and might be responsible for hypotension during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass when the femoral artery is used for cannulation. If the aortic root is used, the condition will not be discovered. If exercise tolerance is greatly improved after successful operation symptoms of the obstruction may become manifest, and if further thrombosis occurs and symptoms are more acute they may be wrongly attributed to embolization from the valve replacement. Routine abdominal aortography during left heart studies should disclose a clinically silent obstruction.
Preservation of Fertility in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Jacqueline S. Jeruss, Teresa K. Woodruff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The increasing number of young survivors of cancer who have favorable outcomes necessitates planning for the preservation of fertility, which may mean modifying the strategy for oncologic treatment. In addition to in vitro fertilization in women and sperm banking in men, new methods on the horizon include in vitro follicle maturation and techniques for tissue transplantation.
FEASIBILITY OF GATED THALLIUM-201 MYOCARDIAL SPECT
Authors: S Miron, R Finkelhor, M Chalfant, D B Sodee, S Amini, R Bahler, E M Bellon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Miron, S; Finkelhor, R; Chalfant, M; Sodee, D B; Amini, S; Bahler, R; Bellon, E M Author Information
Tetracycline and epidermolysis bullosa simplex: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover randomized clinical trial
Authors: M. Weiner, A. Stein, S. Cash, J. de Leoz, J-D. Fine
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Tetracycline and epidermolysis bullosa simplex: a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover randomized clinical trial Get access M. Weiner, M. Weiner The National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Chapel Hill, NC, and Lexington, KY, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Stein, A. Stein The National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Chapel Hill, NC, and Lexington, KY, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Cash, S. Cash The National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Chapel Hill, NC, and Lexington, KY, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. De Leoz, J. De Leoz The National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Chapel Hill, NC, and Lexington, KY, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐D. Fine J‐D. Fine The National Epidermolysis Bullosa Registry, Chapel Hill, NC, and Lexington, KY, U.S.ADepartment of Medicine (Dermatology), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, U.S.ADepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, U.S.A J‐D.Fine, Dermatology Associates of Kentucky, P.S.C., 250 Fountain Court, Lexington, KY 40509, U.S.A. E‐mail: ProfMoose@aol.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 3, 1 March 2004, Pages 613–614, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2004.05816.x Published: 01 March 2004
Israel's patent law criticised
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Israel's newly amended patent law, which will allow pharmaceutical companies to develop generic versions of patented drugs before their patents expire, has aroused sharp criticism from the European Union (EU) and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA).

EU officials have warned that the legislation violates patent rights and international treaties to which Israel is a signatory. US patent lawyer Richard …
Department of Error
Authors: J. A. Lendermann, N. Colombo, A. Du Bois, V. Torri, I. Floriani, W. Qian, H. P. Adams, M. K B Parmar, S. Collins, S. Wheeler, D. Poli, M. Santillo, A. Buda, G. Elser, P. Schantl
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
ICAM-2 mediates neutrophil transmigration in vivo: evidence for stimulus specificity and a role in PECAM-1–independent transmigration
Authors: Miao-Tzu Huang, Karen Y. Larbi, Christoph Scheiermann, Abigail Woodfin, Nicole Gerwin, Dorian O. Haskard, Sussan Nourshargh
Journal: Blood (2006)
Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients With Breast, Colon, Kidney, and Lung Cancers With and Without Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A SEER Population-Based Study
Authors: Benjamin M. Solomon, Kari G. Rabe, Susan L. Slager, Jerry D. Brewer, James R. Cerhan, Tait D. Shanafelt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with an increased risk of developing second cancers. However, it is unknown whether CLL alters the disease course of these cancers once they occur.All patients with cancers of the breast (n = 579,164), colorectum (n = 412,366), prostate (n = 631,616), lung (n = 489,053), kidney (n = 95,795), pancreas (n = 82,116), and ovary (n = 61,937) reported to the SEER program from 1990 to 2007 were identified. Overall survival (OS; death resulting from any cause) and cancer-specific survival were examined, comparing patients with and without pre-existing CLL. Cancer-specific survival was evaluated for each tumor type in a site-specific manner (eg, death resulting from breast cancer in a patient with breast cancer).Patients with cancers of the breast (hazard ratio [HR], 1.70; P < .001), colorectum (HR, 1.65; P < .001), kidney (HR, 1.54; P < .001), prostate (HR, 1.92; P < .001), or lung (HR, 1.19; P < .001) had inferior OS if they had a pre-existing diagnosis of CLL after adjusting for age, sex, race, and disease stage. These results for OS remained significant for patients with cancers of the breast, colorectum, and prostate after excluding or censoring CLL-related deaths. Cancer-specific survival was also inferior for patients with cancers of the breast (HR, 1.41; P = .005) and colorectum (HR, 1.46; P < .001) who had pre-existing CLL after adjusting for age, sex, race, and disease stage.Inferior OS and cancer-specific survival was observed for several common cancers in patients with pre-existing CLL. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal management of these malignancies in patients with CLL and whether more aggressive screening or alternative approaches to adjuvant therapy are needed.
Miliary Never-Smoking Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Strong Association with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 19 Deletion
Authors: Eckart Laack, Ronald Simon, Marc Regier, Birte Andritzky, Pierre Tennstedt, Christian Habermann, Christoph zur Verth, Ina Thöm, Tobias Grob, Guido Sauter, Carsten Bokemeyer
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Unsuspected Trauma to the Heart during Intrathoracic Surgery
Authors: Archibald L. Ruprecht, Arthur Adelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

IN RECENT decades, cardiac wounds have been carefully studied both in the laboratory1 2 3 and at the bedside.4 5 6 7 8 An entity has evolved in which we wish to stimulate new interest by a report of 2 cases of inadvertent damage to the heart during surgical procedures on other thoracic viscera. In each case the injury was fatal, but the signs of cardiac contusion went unidentified. In view of the increasing number of intrathoracic operations being performed, these examples of accidental trauma to the heart merit attention. We are unaware of a description of similar cases, but suspect that less disastrous wounds account . . .
Testing Pesticides in Humans
Authors: Sheldon Krimsky, Tania Simoncelli
Journal: JAMA (2007)

IMAGINE THAT A RELATIVE OR A FRIEND ASKED YOUR OPINion about accepting $1000 to participate as a human subject in an experimental trial in which he would be required to consume a pesticide. Were you aware that such experiments were permissible? What advice would you give? Breaking with a long tradition in the ethics of human experimentation that distinguished therapeutic from nontherapeutic agents, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule in February 2006 on ethical guidelines for enrolling human participants in testing pesticides. Data from such experiments are used to reduce the economic costs in the statutory obligation for companies to protect the food supply from dangerous levels of pesticide residues. The policy gives regulatory standing to experiments that intentionally expose adults to toxic pesticides and could set a precedent for similar experiments involving other industrial chemicals. In addition, the policy opens the door for enrolling children, pregnant women, prisoners, and others in observational studies involving pesticides. It also raises ethical questions about how testing will be conducted in developing countries. This Commentary reviews the historical path leading to this policy, discusses the ethical codes that call the policy into question, and summarizes the ethical grounds to reinstate the longestablished distinction between therapeutic and nontherapeutic agents in human dosing experiments.
Acetyldigitoxin in the Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Herman Gold, Samuel Bellet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN the treatment of heart failure, the cardiac glycosides have gained favor over the whole digitalis leaf because their pharmacologic action is constant and their dose can be assayed gravimetrically. Digitoxin, first isolated in crystalline form by Nativelle from Digitalis purpurea, has been used extensively since the reports of Gold et al.1 However, we as well as others2 3 4 have frequently encountered serious and prolonged toxicity caused by the cumulative effects of digitoxin resulting from its relatively slow dissipation rate. Because of its rapid elimination, Digoxin is valuable in avoiding the risk of overdosage, whenever the prior intake of digitalis . . .
Child Custody Laws: Their Psychiatric Implications
Authors: ELISSA P. BENEDEK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author believes the time has come for psychiatrists and other behavioral scientists to reevaluate their roles in assisting the legal system in child custody cases. The State of Michigan recently proceeded in this direction by passing the Child Custody Act of 1970. Written with the help of behavioral scientists, the act cites ten parameters that give the courts flexibility in determining the "best interests of the child." The Friend of the Court system is currently helping to make the theory of the new law a practical realization in at least one Michigan jurisdiction.
Age-dependent response of the rat testes to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Authors: P Sjöberg, N G Lindqvist, L Plöen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Spermatogenesis starts soon after birth in the Sprague-Dawley rat but is not fully established until about 56 days of age. When high oral doses of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were given to rats of different ages, testicular damage was observed in immature but not in mature animals. Plasma concentration and urinary excretion data suggested that the gastrointestinal absorption of the DEHP-derived metabolite mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was higher in young animals. Young rats were not more susceptible than older for repeated intravenous infusions of DEHP. It is suggested that the age-related difference observed in testicular response after oral administration of DEHP may be due to pharmacokinetic rather than tissue sensitivity differences. It is concluded that in assessing risks of testicular injuries in children exposed to DEHP, additional studies are required using species in which testicular development is more similar to that of humans.
"Ideal PEEP" is superior to high dose partial liquid ventilation with low PEEP in experimental acute lung injury
Authors: Steffen Wolf, Hansjoerg Lohbrunner, Thilo Busch, Maria Deja, Steffen Weber-Carstens, Bernd Donaubauer, Anja Sterner-Kock, Udo Kaisers
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Plasminogen activator in psoriatic scales is of the tissue-type PA as identified by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: J. GRSOSNDAHL-HANSEN, L.S. NIELSEN, P. KRISTENSEN, V. GRSOSNDAHL-HANSEN, P.A. ANDREASEN, K. DANSOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Extracts of scale from four patients with psoriasis all contained plasminogen activator. All plasminogen activator activity was of the tissue-type (t-PA) as judged from the following criteria: (1) all enzyme activity was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against human t-PA, while there was no measurable inhibition by a monoclonal antibody against human urokinasetype plasminogen activator (u-PA); (2) as determined by zymography the extracts contained one type of plasminogen activator which had an electrophoretic mobility identical to that of purified t-PA; (3) this plasminogen activator was removed by passage through a Sepharose column coupled with a monoclonal antibody against t-PA, but not by passage through a column coupled with a monoclonal antibody against u-PA. On a molar basis the detection limit for u-PA was 10% of that of t-PA present.
KLF2 exerts antifibrotic and vasoprotective effects in cirrhotic rat livers: behind the molecular mechanisms of statins
Authors: Giusi Marrone, Raquel Maeso-Díaz, Guillermo García-Cardena, Juan G Abraldes, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Jaime Bosch, Jordi Gracia-Sancho
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> In the liver, the transcription factor, Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), is induced early during progression of cirrhosis to lessen the development of vascular dysfunction; nevertheless, its endogenous expression results insufficient to attenuate establishment of portal hypertension and aggravation of cirrhosis. Herein, we aimed to explore the effects and the underlying mechanisms of hepatic KLF2 overexpression in in vitro and in vivo models of liver cirrhosis. <h3>Design</h3> Activation phenotype was evaluated in human and rat cirrhotic hepatic stellate cells (HSC) treated with the pharmacological inductor of KLF2 simvastatin, with adenovirus codifying for this transcription factor (Ad-KLF2), or vehicle, in presence/absence of inhibitors of KLF2. Possible paracrine interactions between parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells overexpressing KLF2 were studied. Effects of in vivo hepatic KLF2 overexpression on liver fibrosis and systemic and hepatic haemodynamics were assessed in cirrhotic rats. <h3>Results</h3> KLF2 upregulation profoundly ameliorated HSC phenotype (reduced α-smooth muscle actin, procollagen I and oxidative stress) partly via the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Coculture experiments showed that improvement in HSC phenotype paracrinally ameliorated liver sinusoidal endothelial cells probably through a vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated mechanism. No paracrine interactions between hepatocytes and HSC were observed. Cirrhotic rats treated with simvastatin or Ad-KLF2 showed hepatic upregulation in the KLF2-Nrf2 pathway, deactivation of HSC and prominent reduction in liver fibrosis. Hepatic KLF2 overexpression was associated with lower portal pressure (–15%) due to both attenuations in the increased portal blood flow and hepatic vascular resistance, together with a significant improvement in hepatic endothelial dysfunction. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Exogenous hepatic KLF2 upregulation improves liver fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction and portal hypertension in cirrhosis.
Combined treatment with temozolomide and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor enhances survival of mice bearing hematologic malignancy at the central nervous system site
Authors: Lucio Tentori, Carlo Leonetti, Marco Scarsella, Giulia d'Amati, Ilaria Portarena, Gabriella Zupi, Enzo Bonmassar, Grazia Graziani
Journal: Blood (2002)
BMA will resume talks on out of hours services Review body's response to workload angers GPs MPs debate gagging in NHS Supervised discharge gets legal backing Excessive paperwork is hampering primary care Debate continues on reaccrediting general practitioners
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The General Medical Services Committee has accepted an invitation from the NHS Executive to resume talks on payment for out of hours services. There has been a stalemate since the committee rejected what it called the Department of Health's derisory offer of a fixed payment of pounds sterling2000 per principal for out of hours work and a new night visit fee of pounds sterling9 (7 January, p 63). The Doctors' and Dentists' Review Body said that it was disappointed that an agreement had not been reached and it has delayed recommending a scale of fees for 1995-6 until next month.

The invitation came in a letter to the GMSC's chairman, Dr Ian Bogle, offering pounds sterling15m of new money “to support general practitioners delivering out of hours services.” Although the minister for health, Dr Gerald Malone, said in an interview that the money was intended for cooperatives, the letter does not mention cooperatives nor whether the pounds sterling15m is a one off payment. The NHS Executive sets out what it believes are the GMSC's main concerns: that the general practice contract is underpriced; that a price should be put on the whole out of hours period; that the fee element in the proposed new structure was too low; that doctors in rural areas would lose financially; and that cash limited support for practices grouping together to provide out of hours cover should be new money. Mr Jack Barnes from the executive says that it would be inappropriate to price the whole out of hours period, but that the executive would be willing to discuss increasing rural practice payments and the fee element of the new structure. It would also consider placing further funding into the night visit fee element, although this would need to come from changes in fee relativities. …
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 provirus and phylogenetic analysis in patients with mycosis fungoides and their family relatives
Authors: M. Shohat, B. Shohat, D. Mimouni, G. Pauli, H. Ellerbrok, M. David, E. Hodak
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma of unknown aetiology. A pathogenic role of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been suggested but remains controversial. To determine whether MF is linked to HTLV-1.Blood samples were collected from 60 patients, 15 family relatives of patients with MF (MFRs), 20 healthy controls and 10 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The presence of HTLV-1 antibodies in serum was tested by the Western blot rp21e-enhanced test. DNA was extracted from the blood with the Qiagen blood kit. We used 500 ng of DNA either in conventional HTLV-1-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or in real-time PCR using primers sk43 and sk44 together with a tax-specific fluorescent probe.In Western blot, antibodies against three to four HTLV-1 antigens were detected in 52% of patients with MF. All of the patients with HAM/TSP were positive, while only 7% of the MFRs and none of the 20 healthy controls reacted with HTLV-1 antigens in Western blot. One of 60 patients with MF and one of 15 MFRs were positive in HTLV-1 PCR. These two PCR-positive samples which were quantified in real-time PCR showed that fewer than five in 10(6) cells were HTLV-1 infected. We succeeded in amplifying and sequencing the 5' end of the provirus from the blood of the PCR-positive MFR by seminested PCR. A positive result was also obtained in this test. Phylogenetic tree analyses revealed a high homology of this sequence with other HTLV-1 sequences from the Middle East. The above PCR-positive MFR was the brother of a PCR-negative patient with MF.These findings demonstrate that HTLV-1 is probably not the aetiological agent of MF. However, it may play a role in immunosuppression and in the spreading of the disease.