tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Type A behaviour and ischaemic heart disease in middle aged British men.
Authors: D W Johnston, D G Cook, A G Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The Bortner questionnaire, which measures aspects of type A (coronary prone) behaviour was completed by 5936 men aged 40-59 selected at random from one general practice in each of 19 British towns. The presence of ischaemic heart disease was determined at initial examination and the men were followed up for an average of 6.2 years for morbidity and mortality from myocardial infarction and for sudden cardiac death. Non-manual workers had significantly higher scores (more type A) than manual workers and the score decreased (less type A) with increasing age. After adjustment for social class and age men with higher scores had higher prevalences of ischaemic heart disease less marked for electrocardiographic evidence and more marked for response to a chest pain questionnaire (angina or possible myocardial infarction). A man9s recall of a doctor9s diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease, however, did not relate to his Bortner score. There was no significant relation between the Bortner score and the attack rate or incidence of major ischaemic heart disease events. In this study type A behaviour, as measured by the Bortner questionnaire, did not predict major ischaemic heart disease events in British middle aged men.
Hydrocele Visualization on Bone Scan
Authors: TERRY WARD, ERIC McCLEES, WILLIAM FAJMAN, HARVEY BERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A 67-year-old man was status post-pelvic lymphadenectomy and insertion of I-125 seeds for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He was also status post-radical nephrectomy for transitional cell carcinoma 20 years prior. A bone scan was obtained to rule out metastatic disease.
The Birth-Order Variable in Obesity
Authors: Richard E. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  In Body Build and Obesity—Who Are the Obese? ( JAMA  189: 677 [Aug 31] 1964), Seltzer and Mayer pointed to a probable genetic predisposition to obesity. Dr. Seltzer wrote me recently that he and his group did not control for birth rank in their investigation. Without discounting the importance of their work and of familial factors in constitution, I should like to comment on the possible importance of the birth-order variable.  Earlier borns are often quite different psychologically from later borns. For example, firstborn children are reported to be more anxious and to have a greater affiliation need. 1-4 They are more likely to volunteer for psychological experiments. Older sisters are more conscientious and make better grades in college than younger ones. 5 Sheldon observes that later-born children differ in their abilities from those born earlier, and remarks that they may have different somatotypes. 6   Clinical experience would
TCT-320 Outcomes of Fractional Flow Reserve Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Left Main or Triple Vessel Disease
Authors: Jung-Min Ahn, Hee-Soon Park, Se Hun Kang, Sang Soo Cheon, Byeong Joo Bae, Min Su Kim, Jae Hyung Roh, Hyun Woo Park, Mineok Chang, Sung-Han Yoon, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
p16 Protein Expression and Human Papillomavirus Status As Prognostic Biomarkers of Nonoropharyngeal Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Christine H. Chung, Qiang Zhang, Christina S. Kong, Jonathan Harris, Elana J. Fertig, Paul M. Harari, Dian Wang, Kevin P. Redmond, George Shenouda, Andy Trotti, David Raben, Maura L. Gillison, Richard C. Jordan, Quynh-Thu Le
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Although p16 protein expression, a surrogate marker of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is recognized as a prognostic marker in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), its prevalence and significance have not been well established in cancer of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, or larynx, collectively referred as non-OPSCC, where HPV infection is less common than in the oropharynx.p16 expression and high-risk HPV status in non-OPSCCs from RTOG 0129, 0234, and 0522 studies were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Hazard ratios from Cox models were expressed as positive or negative, stratified by trial, and adjusted for clinical characteristics.p16 expression was positive in 14.1% (12 of 85), 24.2% (23 of 95), and 19.0% (27 of 142) and HPV ISH was positive in 6.5% (six of 93), 14.6% (15 of 103), and 6.9% (seven of 101) of non-OPSCCs from RTOG 0129, 0234, and 0522 studies, respectively. Hazard ratios for p16 expression were 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.95; P = .03) and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.89; P = .01) for progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively. Comparing OPSCC and non-OPSCC, patients with p16-positive OPSCC have better PFS and OS than patients with p16-positive non-OPSCC, but patients with p16-negative OPSCC and non-OPSCC have similar outcomes.Similar to results in patients with OPSCC, patients with p16-negative non-OPSCC have worse outcomes than patients with p16-positive non-OPSCC, and HPV may also have a role in outcome in a subset of non-OPSCC. However, further development of a p16 IHC scoring system in non-OPSCC and improvement of HPV detection methods are warranted before broad application in the clinical setting.
Abstract 4578: Nonclinical safety assessment of VX15/2503: A humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody to sema4D
Authors: Chad A. Cornelius, Terrence L. Fisher, Laurie A. Winter, Jennifer Seils, Christine A. Reilly, Alan S. Jonason, Ernest Smith, Raymond Watkins, Maurice Zauderer, John E. Leonard
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract VX15/2503 is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that binds with approximately 3 nM affinity to Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D, CD100). SEMA4D is an important mediator of axonal growth cone guidance, vascular development, angiogenesis, and T cell and B cell activation. SEMA4D is found predominantly as a 150 kDa transmembrane protein on lymphocytes and as a 240 kDa, homodimeric, soluble form of the protein. VX15/2503 or its murine progenitor (MAb 67-2) suppressed tumor growth and angiogenesis in syngeneic, xenograft and transgenic tumor models. Toxicology and pharmacology studies of VX15/2503 were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats and cynomolgus macaques using single or five weekly intravenous injections. Toxicology profiles were similar for both species in both studies. Single dose studies employed doses of between 0.01 and 100 mg/kg; repeat dose studies evaluated 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg. No adverse histopathologic or clinical effects were noted in either species injected with doses up to 100 mg/kg. Appetence, body weights, serum chemistry and ophthalmologic factors were also unaffected, as were primate ECG results. Thus the NOAEL was established at 100 mg/kg for both species. Partial to complete T cell associated SEMA4D saturation was observed in all animals across the dose ranges evaluated and SEMA4D saturation was dose dependent. Single dose animals that reached a VX15/2503 serum concentration of ≥2 µg/mL exhibited transient complete T cell saturation. Prolonged saturation occurred at the 100 mg/kg dose level. Repeat dose animals in the 100 mg/kg dose group were on average at least 20% saturated for 134 and 169 days in rats and cynomolgus macaques, respectively. Single dose VX15/2503 half-life values increased with dose and varied from 27 to 246 hours in rats; similar results were obtained from the primate single dose study. Repeat dose Cmax and AUC (exposure) values were higher in both species than those from the single dose studies and steady-state was achieved after the fourth dose. Anti-VX15/2503 responses were detected in the sera of most animals in both studies. Human tissue arrays incubated with VX15/2503 showed diverse distribution of SEMA4D on resident or itinerant lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues as well as in sections of brain, lung and endometrium. Based on these results VX15/2503 was selected for clinical development in oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4578. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4578
EU strengthens requirement for patients to get prior approval before being treated abroad
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The possibility of patients travelling to another European Union country to receive hospital treatment and being reimbursed for the costs involved has moved a step closer after a European parliamentary committee adopted a series of amendments to the draft legislation.

The changes, which must still be approved by the full parliament and EU governments, are designed to clarify the original text drafted by the European Commission.

They strengthen the need for patients to receive specific prior authorisation from their health authority if the treatment is to be reimbursed by the home country’s social security system. 

After several legal rulings, EU citizens now have the right to go abroad for treatment at their own governments’ expense, and the new legislation is …
Protection of Cardiac Glycosides from Action of Light by Actinic Desensitizer (Red Dye)
Authors: Theodore M. Feinblatt, Edgar A. Ferguson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

DIGITALIS, in solution, has a limited shelf-life. The major cause of deterioration is absorption of actinic rays. This is especially true of green solutions. Elimination of green coloring matter and protection from actinic rays by an internal red dye have yielded tinctures with remarkable keeping power.PreparationA stabilized tincture of digitalis may be prepared that can be dispensed in clear-glass bottles and kept at effective strength in a daylighted place for much longer periods of time than U.S.P. tincture. All of the green coloring matter is removed by animal charcoal by contact procedures (mixing and filtering). After this, a . . .
Pretraining for International Medical Graduates
Authors: Daniel Berland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 March 1993Pretraining for International Medical GraduatesDaniel Berland, MDDaniel Berland, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-5-199303010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Levey has written an insightful article [1] on a subject with which many of us as program directors have struggled, sometimes against considerable odds. Although we noted among most beginning foreign medical graduates the deficiencies described in the article, we were particularly concerned about their deficiencies in time management, synthetic reasoning after acquisition of data, and the ability to execute standard American algorithms of patient evaluation and management.After a survey showed nearly unanimous agreement on the need for pre-training, we initiated a program incorporating most of the article's suggestions and numerous other items. A vital ...REFERENCE1. Levey GS. Internal medicine and the training of international medical graduates: a time for open discussion and new approaches. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:403-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byImmigrant Health Care Providers in the United States 1 March 1993Volume 118, Issue 5Page: 396-398KeywordsAlgorithmsData acquisitionGraduate medical educationReasoning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 2380: A Genome Wide Scan Supports Linkage of Collagen-Induced Platelet Aggregation Following Aspirin Therapy to the D15S1005 Locus
Authors: J. Enrique Herrera-Galeano, Dhananjay Vaidya, Nauder Faraday, Lisa R Yanek, Taryn F Moy, Diane M Becker, Lewis C Becker
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Marihuana-Induced "Social High"
Authors: John E. Hildebrand
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was amazed and horrified to read the article on "The Marihuana-Induced 'Social High' " in which ten freshmen medical students who had had "extensive experience" with marihuana and had used some other "psychedelic" drugs were used as subjects. To make matters worse this was printed without editorial comment. Can these young men become responsible physicians? A thousand other questions about ethics, judgment, reliability, and medical schools can be asked. Surely you have some comment.
Incidence of childhood disease in Belarus associated with the Chernobyl accident.
Authors: L Lomat, G Galburt, M R Quastel, S Polyakov, A Okeanov, S Rozin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Study of the childhood incidence of cancer and other diseases in Belarus is of great importance because of the present unfavorable environmental situation. About 20% of the children in the republic were exposed in various degrees to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Since 1987 increases in the incidence of most classes of disease have been reported, including the development of thyroid cancer. From 1987 to 1995, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 424 children; its incidence having increased from 0.2 to 4.0/10(5) in 1995. According to preliminary data for 1996, 81 childhood cancer cases were reported. During 1995 there also were increases in the incidence of endocrine and dermatologic diseases and mental disorders. During the period 1987 to 1995 significant increases in the incidences of all illnesses were observed for children listed in the Chernobyl registry. The highest incidence rates were found in evacuated children and those residing in contaminated areas. There also were increased incidences of thyroid and digestive organ diseases among these children and in addition, high prevalence of chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis was observed. Since 1990 an increase of autoimmune thyroiditis has been observed. The highest rates of hematopoietic tissue diseases were found in children born after the accident to irradiated parents.
THE FACTOR OF HYPOXEMIA IN ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY
Authors: G. HOLMBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

The arterial oxygen saturation in electroshock therapy has been determined with the aid of a photoelectric oximeter. The following observations were made: 1. Electroshock causes rather severe, but transitory, hypoxemia. 2. Impaired respiration after the convulsion can give rise to severe and rather prolonged hypoxemia. 3. If more than one shock is necessary to produce a convulsion the degree of hypoxemia is considerably increased. 4. The administration of pure oxygen for a period of ½ to 1 minute (1 minute in elderly individuals) immediately before as well as after the shock considerably reduces the degree of hypoxemia. 5. The oxygen administration prolongs the convulsion. The intensity of the convulsion is probably also somewhat increased, thus possibly increasing the risk of skeletal injuries. 6. The addition of 6% carbon dioxide to the oxygen gas is a somewhat poorer protection against hypoxia than pure oxygen. Carbon dioxide also appears to increase further the duration of the convulsions. 7. When a muscle-relaxing agent is used and oxygen insufflated, a maximum oxygen saturation of the arterial blood can be obtained throughout the treatment. The convulsion is thereby greatly prolonged.
Bulgarian minister resigns after bone marrow transplant investigation
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Bulgaria’s deputy health minister, Matey Mateev, has resigned after illegal bone marrow transplantations prompted the government to sack the entire board of Sofia’s university hospital. On Monday 11 August the minister had praised the board of the St Ivan Rilski Hospital in Sofia for supporting the controversial operations, which doctors at the hospital have described as stem cell research. 

“I stand behind the doctors in the hospital, who are working on new approaches in medicine,” he was quoted as saying in a 12 August article in the German newspaper Deutsches Arzteblatt (www.aerzteblatt.de/v4/news/news.asp?id=33331).

The deputy …
The Ethics of Deactivating Implanted Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: Jeffrey T. Berger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators are life-saving devices for many patients with cardiac disease. Recipients of these devices, nevertheless, often suffer from progressive comorbid and cardiac conditions. Therefore, physicians should anticipate situations in which the defibrillator is no longer desired by the patient or no longer medically appropriate. Near the end of life, many of these patients may decline cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The comanagement of do-not-resuscitate orders and implanted defibrillators can be confusing to patients and physicians alike since the former proscribe the use of electrical cardioversion while the latter provide this precise treatment. Although the use of implanted defibrillators has important ethical implications, few studies have examined these issues, and guidelines have not yet been developed to assist physicians in caring for patients who have received defibrillators. This paper discusses bioethical considerations in disabling implantable cardioverter defibrillators.
The Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy in the Australian Population
Authors: Robyn J. Tapp, Jonathan E. Shaw, C. Alex Harper, Maximilian P. de Courten, Beverley Balkau, Daniel J. McCarty, Hugh R. Taylor, Timothy A. Welborn, Paul Z. Zimmet
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the prevalence and factors associated with diabetic retinopathy in the Australian population and to estimate the time difference between disease onset and clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study (AusDiab) included 11,247 adults aged ≥25 years in 42 randomly selected areas of Australia. Retinopathy was assessed in participants identified as having diabetes (based on self-report and oral glucose tolerance test), impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance and in a random sample with normal glucose tolerance. Data were available for 2,177 participants. RESULTS—Overall, 15.3% of those with diabetes had retinopathy. The prevalence of retinopathy was 21.9% in those with known type 2 diabetes (KDM) and 6.2% in those newly diagnosed (NDM). The prevalence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was 2.1% in those with KDM. No cases of PDR were found in those with NDM. Untreated vision threatening retinopathy (presence of PDR or macular edema) was present in 1.2% (n = 4). Factors associated with retinopathy were duration of diabetes, HbA1c, and systolic blood pressure. Using linear extrapolation of the prevalence of retinopathy with diabetes duration, the onset of diabetes in this population was approximately the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS—This is one of the first national studies of diabetic retinopathy in a developed country. The prevalence of retinopathy was similar to that in other population-based studies. Vision threatening retinopathy was relatively rare; however, four untreated cases were identified. Regular screening for diabetic retinopathy and more aggressive management of modifiable risk factors could reduce the numbers of people who develop vision-threatening retinopathy.
Na+, K+, and BP homeostasis in man during furosemide: Effects of prazosin and captopril
Authors: Christopher S. Wilcox, Nicholas J. Guzman, William E. Mitch, Ralph A. Kelly, Bradley J. Maroni, Paul F. Souney, Carolyn M. Rayment, Lyndon Braun, Robert Colucci, Nicholas R. Loon
Journal: Kidney International (1987)
The biggest conflict of interest
Authors: David Berger
Journal: BMJ (2005)

D isclosure of conflict of interest is all the rage these days, and rightly so. Authors of BMJ articles are required to disclose any potential competing interests, as I have done at the bottom of this article. It's a paradox, then, that one of the most profound conflicts of interest to afflict general practitioners—one that over-rides almost all others in its power to confound decision making—remains not just largely undeclared but largely unrecognised, especially by the general public. I am talking of the pressure exerted daily on GPs to care for the public health of the nation (and, often, the political needs of the governing party) while trying to do their best for the personal health needs of the individual patient sitting in front of them.

The interests of the nation (ensuring that treatments are maximally cost effective, rationing access to scarce and expensive resources) and the interests of the governing party (ensuring that politically proclaimed health targets are met) are often diametrically opposed to those of individual patients (who want the best treatment available, …
Small intestinal response to 'elemental' and 'complete' liquid feeds in the rat: effect of dietary bulk.
Authors: D G Maxton, E U Cynk, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1987)

The effect of oral isocaloric feeding on small intestinal structure and function was studied in the rat. The liquid 9elemental9 enteral feed Vivonex HN, the liquid 9complete9 feed Ensure and the same liquid complete feed with 9% bulk Enrich were compared with solid chow containing 21% bulk (normal rat chow), all given for four weeks. Weight gain was significantly less in the group fed Vivonex HN than that of any other groups. The bulkless Vivonex HN and Ensure increased proximal jejunal mass compared to Enrich with 9% bulk or to normal rat chow. Jejunal mucosal DNA and protein levels also tended to be higher in Ensure and Vivonex HN fed animals, as was jejunal sugar absorption. In the terminal ileum, however, total weight was decreased by both elemental and complete feeds with and without bulk, but particularly by the elemental diet. Bulkless feeds therefore increase jejunal and reduce terminal ileal mass. The striking atrophy of the terminal ileum produced by the elemental diet may be important for its efficacy in treating inflammatory bowel disease.
Periodic Physician Recredentialing
Authors: Lovick Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  Gellhorn's 1 speculation that physician recredentialing and the assurance it would provide to the public might assist in medical malpractice tort reform is absurd. At present, physicians are subjected to strict licensing standards. In California, in addition to proof of medical school transcripts, original copy of diploma, certifying letter from the dean of the medical school, successful completion of FLEX (Federation Licensing Examination) or National Board examinations, and 1 year of supervised internship, the physicians are fingerprinted and computerized images are sent to local, state, and federal authorities, including the Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Despite this, California faces a medical malpractice crisis. Recredentialing dodges true tort reform. Perhaps the attorneys should be recredentialed.  The bottom line for recredentialing of physicians should be improved patient care and/or decreased costs of patient care. However, no scientific study has been performed that demonstrates that periodic