tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erratum: Corrigendum: Variant in the sequence of the LINGO1 gene confers risk of essential tremor
Authors: Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Hjorvar Petursson, Omar Gustafsson, Iris H Gudjonsdottir, Gudrun A Jonsdottir, Stefan T Palsson, Thorlakur Jonsson, Jona Saemundsdottir, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Yvonne Böttcher, Theodora Thorlacius, Dietrich Haubenberger, Alexander Zimprich, Eduard Auff, Christoph Hotzy, Claudia M Testa, Lisa A Miyatake, Ami R Rosen, Kristleifur Kristleifsson, David Rye, Friedrich Asmus, Ludger Schöls, Martin Dichgans, Finnbogi Jakobsson, John Benedikz, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jeffrey Gulcher, Augustine Kong, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Intraoperative echocardiography in infants and children with congenital cardiac shunt lesions: Transesophageal versus epicardial echocardiography
Authors: Isobel A. Muhiudeen, David A. Roberson, Norman H. Silverman, Gary Haas, Kevin Turley, Michael K. Cahalan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Troglitazone Inhibits Voltage-Dependent Calcium Currents in Guinea Pig Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Toshiaki Nakajima, Kuniaki Iwasawa, Hitoshi Oonuma, Hiroyuki Imuta, Hisanori Hazama, Michiko Asano, Toshihiro Morita, Fumitaka Nakamura, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Seiji Suzuki, Yasushi Kawakami, Masao Omata, Yukichi Okuda
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —It has been suggested that intracellular Ca 2+ overload in cardiac myocytes leads to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, is a promising therapeutic agent for diabetes and has been shown to prevent diabetes-induced myocardial changes. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of troglitazone action on cardiac myocytes, the effects of troglitazone on voltage-dependent Ca 2+ currents were examined and compared with classic Ca 2+ antagonists (verapamil and nifedipine). Methods and Results —Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques were applied in single guinea pig atrial myocytes. Under control conditions with CsCl internal solution, the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ currents consisted of both T-type ( I Ca,T ) and L-type ( I Ca,L ) Ca 2+ currents. Troglitazone effectively reduced the amplitude of I Ca,L in a concentration-dependent manner. Troglitazone also suppressed I Ca,T , but the effect of troglitazone on I Ca,T was less potent than that on I Ca,L . The current-voltage relationships for I Ca,L and the reversal potential for I Ca,L were not altered by troglitazone. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration of troglitazone on I Ca,L measured at a holding potential of −40 mV was 6.3 μmol/L, and 30 μmol/L troglitazone almost completely inhibited I Ca,L . Troglitazone 10 μmol/L did not affect the time courses for inactivation of I Ca,L and inhibited I Ca,L mainly in a use-independent fashion, without shifting the voltage-dependency of inactivation. This effect was different from those of verapamil and nifedipine. Troglitazone also reduced isoproterenol- or cAMP-enhanced I Ca,L . Conclusions —These results demonstrate that troglitazone inhibits voltage-dependent Ca 2+ currents (T-type and L-type) and then antagonizes the effects of isoproterenol in cardiac myocytes, thus possibly playing a role in preventing diabetes-induced intracellular Ca 2+ overload and subsequent myocardial changes.
Extensive Hypertensive Work-up: Con
Authors: Frank A. Finnerty
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE diagnostic aspects and complications of hypertension have unfortunately received more emphasis than its therapeutic aspects in medical schools, house-officer training, and postgraduate educational programs. Usually, the only contact that the student or house staff has with hypertensive patients is when such patients are hospitalized for stroke, congestive heart failure, or renal failure. Often, it is not appreciated or emphasized that each of these is a direct and preventable complication of hypertension, and that the patient is actually in the hospital because he had been treated inadequately or not at all. <h3>Rare Forms of Hypertension Emphasized</h3> Similarly, most hypertension clinics in a university hospital setting place major emphasis on diagnosis or on following up cases of severe or unusual disease. They are not interested in asymptomatic patients with mild or moderately severe hypertension. A quick review of the contents of the average postgraduate seminar on hypertension readily discloses the overwhelming
THE FIELD OF MONOCULAR FIXATION AND ITS RELATION TO HETEROPHORIA.
Authors: CASEY A. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

So little is said in English text-books on ophthalmology about the field of fixation—monocular or binocular—and so much space is given to it in that portion of foreign works devoted to physiologic optics that it seemed worth while to bring up the subject for discussion here. We are so concerned in investigating the relations of the extrinsic ocular muscles, as they are engaged in fixing some point (doubtless the most important point) immediately in front of the eyes,<i>i.e.</i>, at the center of the field of fixation, that we are apt to lose sight of the fact that the fixing of eccentric objects and points at the extreme periphery of the field is also of great importance. It should be remembered that while binocular vision may be obtained and maintained with ease, so long as the object fixed is directly in front, this result is often difficult or impossible when
Case management to be used for people with chronic conditions
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A substantial overhaul of the care of patients with chronic diseases based on case management, coordinated by a new type of health professional—the community matron—was announced by the UK government last week.

John Reid, the health secretary, announced that the new system will provide a more structured approach to the provision of care by health and social services to people with chronic conditions, including diabetes, asthma, and arthritis in England and Wales. NHS and social care organisations will be expected to introduce case management from 2005 for vulnerable people with complex long term conditions. The aim is to treat patients sooner, nearer to home, and earlier in the course of their disease to improve their quality of life, reduce emergency hospital admissions, and, in some cases, prevent premature death. The target is to reduce inpatient emergency bed days by 5% by March 2008 using 2003-4 …
Do patients receiving haemodialysis need folic acid supplements?
Authors: J Cunningham, V L Sharman, F J Goodwin, F P Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Do patients receiving haemodialysis need folic acid supplements?Patients receiving regular haemodialysis may be at risk of developing folic acid deficiency because foods rich in the vitamin must often be restricted and loss of the vitamin across the dialysis membrane is likely to occur because of its low molecular weight and only moderate protein binding.1 2 We undertook two studies to assess the need for giving folic acid to patients receiving haemodialysis.2 Soliman HA, Loesen H. Folic acid binding by human plasma albumin.
Computerized Tomography of the Head in Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: Timothy J. Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The signs, symptoms, and possible complications of bacterial endocarditis are well known. Intracranial abnormalities that may develop include areas of infarction from septic emboli, mycotic aneurysms, and areas of hemorrhage.  The computerized tomographic (CT) head scan findings of the intracerebral complications are not widely recognized. The following is a report of such a case.  Report of a Case.—  A 62-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital in a semicomatose state. She was apparently up and about the day before admission. Physical examination showed cyanotic discoloration under the nails and on the feet, compatible with embolic phenomena.  A CT scan performed at the time of admission showed multiple areas of hemorrhage bilaterally within the brain (Fig 1). Blood cultures grew Staphylococcus aureus and a group D enterococcus. Her CSF also grew S aureus . Her clinical course was downhill, and she died three days after admission.  A postmortem examination
Interaction between free fatty acids and insulin in the acute control of very low density lipoprotein production in humans.
Authors: G F Lewis, K D Uffelman, L W Szeto, B Weller, G Steiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Changes in VLDL triglyceride and VLDL apo B production were determined semiquantitatively in healthy young men by examining the effect of altering plasma insulin and/or FFA levels on the change in the slopes of the specific activity of VLDL [3H]triglyceride glycerol or the 131I-VLDL apo B versus time curves. In one study (n = 8) insulin was infused for 5 h using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Plasma FFA levels declined by approximately 80% (0.52 +/- 0.01 to 0.11 +/- 0.02 mmol/liter), VLDL triglyceride production decreased by 66.7 +/- 4.2% (P = 0.0001) and VLDL apo B production decreased by 51.7 +/- 10.6% (P = 0.003). In a second study (n = 8) heparin and Intralipid (Baxter Corp., Toronto, Canada) were infused with insulin to prevent the insulin-mediated fall in plasma FFA levels. Plasma FFA increased approximately twofold (0.43 +/- 0.05 to 0.82 + 0.13 mmol/liter), VLDL triglyceride production decreased to a lesser extent than with insulin alone (P = 0.006) (-31.8 +/- 9.5%, decrease from baseline P = 0.03) and VLDL apo B production did not decrease significantly (-6.3 +/- 13.6%, P = NS). In a third study (n = 8) when heparin and Intralipid were infused without insulin, FFA levels rose approximately twofold (0.53 +/- 0.04 to 0.85 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter), VLDL triglyceride production increased by 180.1 +/- 45.7% (P = 0.008) and VLDL apo B production increased by 94.2 +/- 28.7% (P = 0.05). We confirm our previous observation that acute hyperinsulinemia suppresses VLDL triglyceride and VLDL apo B production in healthy humans. In addition, we have demonstrated that elevation of plasma FFA levels acutely stimulates VLDL production in vivo in healthy young males. Elevating plasma FFA during hyperinsulinemia attenuates but does not completely abolish the suppressive effect of insulin on VLDL production, at least with respect to VLDL triglycerides. Therefore, in normal individuals the acute inhibition of VLDL production by insulin in vivo is only partly due to the suppression of plasma FFA, and may also be due to an FFA-independent process.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “A Duty to Participate in Research: Does Social Context Matter?”
Authors: Inmaculada de Melo-Martín
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “A Duty to Participate in Research: Does Social Context Matter?”." The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(10), pp. W3–W4
Weighing Optimal Graft Survival through HLA Matching against the Equitable Distribution of Kidney Allografts
Authors: Jon J. van Rood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

At almost exactly the same time that Dr. David Willard, whose letter to the editor appears in this issue of the Journal (page 624), received three skin grafts in order to help select the best kidney donor for a patient with end-stage renal failure, I was also the recipient of three skin grafts. My grafts, however, were placed in an attempt to establish whether or not what would later be called “the” HLA antigens were actually the transplantation antigens. Thanks to the help of dozens of other volunteers, these experiments established that HLA antigens are indeed the major human histocompatibility . . .
Brief.. but, We Hope, Interesting
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Several times each month, a Miscellanea Medica page or partial page appears in<i>JAMA</i>'s MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES section. By all indications, most readers enjoy its brief reports on people, places, and projects. Miscellanea Medica carries on a tradition that is entering its 105th year. In the first issue,<i>JAMA</i>'s editors called for a regular "department of miscellaneous items."<sup>1</sup>These items have appeared under a variety of headings. But, for nearly a quarter century, the heading has been "Miscellanea Medica."<sup>2</sup> No one recalls who thought up that title. However, the heading, contents, and brevity of Miscellanea Medica apparently continue to be generally satisfactory. There is something to be said for brevity.<sup>3</sup>We've just said it, and Miscellanea Medica will continue to say it... briefly.
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF RUPTURED CULPRIT PLAQUES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES. AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Maria Riga, Andreas Synetos, Maria Drakopoulou, Konstantinos Stathogiannis, Elli Stefanadi, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Influence of proteinuria on vascular disease, blood pressure, and lipoproteins in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: P H Winocour, P N Durrington, M Ishola, D C Anderson, H Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who develop proteinuria may die prematurely, whereas those who do not develop this complication have a comparatively normal life span. The excess mortality in diabetics with proteinuria is from cardiovascular as well as renal disease, but the reason is unclear. Risk factors for vascular disease were therefore assessed in 22 insulin dependent diabetics with proteinuria, but not renal failure, who were matched for sex, age, duration of diabetes, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) values with a similar number who had normal urinary albumin excretion rates. Macrovascular disease (ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease) was present in 10 patients with proteinuria but in only three with normal albumin excretion rates, and proliferative retinopathy was detected in 11 and four patients in the two groups. There was no significant excess of smokers in the group with proteinuria. Blood pressure was, however, higher in the patients with proteinuria--mean systolic pressure 161 (SD 18) mm Hg compared with 135 (19) mm Hg (95% confidence interval of difference between means 15 to 38 mm Hg); mean diastolic pressure 90 (SD 12) mm Hg compared with 79 (15) mm Hg (confidence interval 3 to 19 mm Hg). The concentration of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol isolated by precipitation was lower in the patients with proteinuria (confidence interval 0.02 to 0.41 mmol/l). Their concentration of HDL2 cholesterol isolated by ultracentrifugation was also decreased (confidence interval 0.02 to 0.40 mmol/l), whereas HDL3 cholesterol tended to be increased (confidence interval -0.01 to 0.23 mmol/l). There was also a trend for serum cholesterol concentrations to be higher in the presence of proteinuria (confidence interval -0.39 to 1.20 mmol/l). The aggregation of risk factors for atherosclerosis in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus complicated by proteinuria helps to explain the increased prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease reported in these patients. Early renal disease in insulin dependent diabetes may have an important role in hypertension and altered lipoprotein metabolism.
The Carbon Dioxide Response Curve for Chronic Hypercapnia in Man
Authors: C. van Ypersele de Strihou, L. Brasseur, J. De Coninck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

RESPIRATORY failure is usually complicated by a rising blood carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) and, as a consequence, carbonic acid and hydrogen ion concentration increase in the body fluids. Acutely, the resulting acidosis is partially offset through the body buffers that raise the concentration of bicarbonate. Subsequently, defense of blood pH is strengthened by the generation of new bicarbonate by the kidney. This renal compensation, although much slower than the acute buffering process, is a great deal more effective in protecting blood pH.The wide scatter of acid–base patterns reported in chronic pulmonary insufficiency, ranging from alkalosis to severe . . .
Juvenile Osteochondrosis of the Hip
Authors: Lawrence H. Wilk
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Juvenile osteochondrosis of the hip is a peculiar childhood affliction. Although it has been studied extensively, little more is known than the clinical course of the disease and roentgenographic findings. An extensive study of 186 children with 204 diseased hips reflected all previous etiologic considerations. However, spina bifida occulta was present in most cases. Of the nonoperative treatments studied, bed rest or the ischial weight-bearing caliper produced the best results. The younger the child and the earlier the institution of effective treatment the better the prognosis.
SURGERY FOR THE TUBERCULOUS
Authors: H. G. WETHERILL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This subject is presented on the basis of the following fundamental facts, which are assumed to be established and acceptable by those who have had the largest opportunities for studying tuberculous diseases in man, and who know the scope and limitations of surgery as a remedy for such diseases. <h3>PREMISES</h3> Tuberculous patients, particularly those with pulmonary tuberculosis, are always "substandard" surgical risks, and must always be so regarded when surgical measures are contemplated for their relief. The delicate "balance of power" 1 existing between the disease and the resistance is easily disturbed, and the scales may be turned unfavorably by surgical operations through exposure, shock, loss of blood, undue prolongation of an unwisely chosen anesthetic, inspiration or other forms of pneumonia following anesthetics; lowered resistance and diffusion to new and previously uninfected fields, postoperative mixed infection, injudicious use of so-called "drainage," lack of a proper appreciation of the paramount
Glycated albumin stimulates fibronectin gene expression in glomerular mesangial cells: Involvement of the transforming growth factor-β system
Authors: Fuad N. Ziyadeh, Dong Cheol Han, Jonathan A. Cohen, Jia Guo, Margo P. Cohen
Journal: Kidney International (1998)

Albumin modified by Amadori glucose adducts, formed in increased amounts in diabetes, stimulates collagen IV production and gene expression in renal glomerular mesangial cells, and induces mesangial matrix accumulation accompanied by increased mRNA encoding alpha 1 (IV) collagen and fibronectin in diabetic animals. These effects contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, and resemble biologic activities of the cytokine TGF-beta 1, which also has been causally implicated in diabetic renal disease. We postulated that Amadori-modified glycated albumin modulates TGF-beta 1 expression in mesangial cells, and that TGF-beta 1 participates in mediating the glycated albumin-induced increases in mesangial cell matrix production. To test this hypothesis, we measured mRNA encoding TGF-beta 1, the TGF-beta Type II receptor and fibronectin, a key matrix component of the TGF-beta 1 tissue response, after incubation of mesangial cells with glycated albumin. Steady state levels of the mRNAs encoding for these proteins were stimulated when mesangial cells were cultured in the presence of albumin containing Amadori glucose adducts compared with levels in cells cultured with the nonglycated, glucose-free counterpart. The glycated protein-induced changes in mRNA expression were observed with concentrations of glycated albumin encompassing those found in clinical specimens and in media containing physiologic (5.5 mM) glucose concentrations, indicating that they were due to the glucose-modified protein and not to a hyperglycemic milieu. Further, they were accompanied by increased translated fibronectin protein, which was prevented with TGF-beta neutralizing antibody, as was the glycated albumin-induced increase in fibronectin mRNA. The findings indicate that Amadori-modified glycated albumin stimulates mesangial cell TGF-beta 1 gene expression by mechanisms that are operative under normoglycemic conditions. These data provide the first link between elevated glycated serum albumin concentrations and increased TGF-beta 1 bioactivity in the pathogenesis of mesangial matrix accumulation in diabetes.
Intracellular redox-activated anticancer drug delivery by functionalized hollow mesoporous silica nanoreservoirs with tumor specificity
Authors: Zhong Luo, Yan Hu, Kaiyong Cai, Xingwei Ding, Quan Zhang, Menghuan Li, Xing Ma, Beilu Zhang, Yongfei Zeng, Peizhou Li, Jinghua Li, Junjie Liu, Yanli Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
An Address on the Irish Poor-Law Medical Service: Delivered before the Dublin Branch of the Association
Authors: W. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1896)

THE first duty which I have to discharge, as President of the Dublin Branch of the British Medical Association, is to thank you for the honour which you have so generously conferred upon me.I succeed men of high distinction and honourable name in the profession, and of these I place amongst the most prominent, Mr. Swanzy, whom I immediately followthe friend of all of us-who has shown such dignity and admirable diligence in the management of the Branch.I can but try to emulate them in their devotion, not only to the interests of the members directly associated with us, but in doing all that is possible to further the common cause of our profession in this country.Two years ago, when Dr. J. W. Moore addressed you from this place, he called attention to the work which the British Medical Association had done in connection with the profes- sion in Ireland, and he urged upon those not joined with us the importance and advantage of becoming attached to this body.His address showed the vitality of the Association, and the enormous influence which it exerts
One- to Ten-Year Follow-Up Results of Balloon Angioplasty of Native Coarctation of the Aorta in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Mohamed Eid Fawzy, Vasudevan Sivanandam, Omar Galal, Bruce Dunn, Ashfaq Patel, Ayman Rifai, Walther von Sinner, Zohair Al Halees, Bashir Khan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Liver X receptors regulate adrenal cholesterol balance
Authors: C. L. Cummins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Cholesterol is the obligate precursor to adrenal steroids but is cytotoxic at high concentrations. Here, we show the role of the liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) in preventing accumulation of free cholesterol in mouse adrenal glands by controlling expression of genes involved in all aspects of cholesterol utilization, including the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, StAR, a novel LXR target. Under chronic dietary stress, adrenal glands from Lxrαβ–/– mice accumulated free cholesterol. In contrast, wild-type animals maintained cholesterol homeostasis through basal expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and storage (ABC transporter A1 [ABCA1], apoE, SREBP-1c) while preventing steroidogenic gene (StAR) expression. Upon treatment with an LXR agonist that mimics activation by oxysterols, expression of these target genes was increased. Basally, Lxrαβ–/– mice exhibited a marked decrease in ABCA1 and a derepression of StAR expression, causing a net decrease in cholesterol efflux and an increase in steroidogenesis. These changes occurred under conditions that prevented the acute stress response and resulted in a phenotype more specific to the loss of LXRα, including hypercorticosteronemia, cholesterol ester accumulation, and adrenomegaly. These results imply LXRα provides a safety valve to limit free cholesterol levels as a basal protective mechanism in the adrenal gland, where cholesterol is under constant flux.
Sociobiology, sociopathy, and social policy
Authors: Richard Machalek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Evolutionary analysis suggests that policies based on deterrence may cope effectively with primary sociopathy if the threat of punishment fits the crime in the cost/benefit calculus of the sociopath, not that of the public. On the other hand, policies designed to offset serious disadvantage in social competition may help inhibit the development of secondary sociopathy, rather than deter its expression.