tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controlled Drinking and the Treatment of Alcoholism-Reply
Authors: Irving Maltzman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Miller et al are in error on several counts. The 60% to 65% industry norm for abstinence-oriented programs is not a "gross and unsubstantiated estimate of outcomes... at variance with empirical evidence." It is not surprising that the cited review by Costello of treatments covering the period between 1951 and 1973 produced a poor average rate of outcome. Results were reported for widely different kinds of treatments. They included outcomes from such treatments as apneic paralysis and one reported by "Nathan et al... [who] studied an outpatient modality wherein it appeared that the average patient attended a 5 to 20 minute session once monthly. Poor outcome was observed." It would be expected that industry treatment facilities with a better trained and larger staff, better supervision, and a greater capacity for intensive treatment and aftercare would generate a better treatment outcome rate than the average of the studies reviewed
The Relationship among Thiazide Like Diuretic, Uric Acid and Erectile Dysfunction in Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Alpay Arıbaş, Mehmet Kayrak, Şeref Ulucan, Ahmet Keser, Kenan Demir, Hayrudin Alibaşiç, Hakan Akıllı, Yalçın Solak, Ahmet Avcı, Yaşar Turan, Zeynettin Kaya, Hüseyin Katlandur, Mehmet Kambay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Breaking Patterns of Environmentally Influenced Disease for Health Risk Reduction: Immune Perspectives
Authors: Rodney R. Dietert, Jamie C. DeWitt, Dori R. Germolec, Judith T. Zelikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Diseases rarely, if ever, occur in isolation. Instead, most represent part of a more complex web or "pattern" of conditions that are connected via underlying biological mechanisms and processes, emerge across a lifetime, and have been identified with the aid of large medical databases.We have described how an understanding of patterns of disease may be used to develop new strategies for reducing the prevalence and risk of major immune-based illnesses and diseases influenced by environmental stimuli.Examples of recently defined patterns of diseases that begin in childhood include not only metabolic syndrome, with its characteristics of inflammatory dysregulation, but also allergic, autoimmune, recurrent infection, and other inflammatory patterns of disease. The recent identification of major immune-based disease patterns beginning in childhood suggests that the immune system may play an even more important role in determining health status and health care needs across a lifetime than was previously understood.Focusing on patterns of disease, as opposed to individual conditions, offers two important venues for environmental health risk reduction. First, prevention of developmental immunotoxicity and pediatric immune dysfunction can be used to act against multiple diseases. Second, pattern-based treatment of entryway diseases can be tailored with the aim of disrupting the entire disease pattern and reducing the risk of later-life illnesses connected to underlying immune dysfunction. Disease-pattern-based evaluation, prevention, and treatment will require a change from the current approach for both immune safety testing and pediatric disease management.
Predictive imaging marker of bevacizumab efficacy: perfusion MRI: Table 1.
Authors: Whitney B. Pope
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

Intuitively it seems a “killer app” for perfusion imaging (Table 1) would be its use as an early marker for glioblastoma (GB) therapy response and relapse in the setting of anti-angiogenic therapy. In fact, in a letter commenting on the first paper characterizing bevacizumab treatment of brain tumors, the potential for perfusion imaging in monitoring anti-angiogenic therapy was raised.1,2 The hope was that tumors that showed decreased perfusion after initiation of bevacizumab would do better than those without change. Another possibility was that perfusion would increase in tumors as they start to develop resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. This would precede significant tumor growth, thereby adding value to standard assessment of disease burden based on tumor size measurements. While inherently appealing, neither of these hypotheses is well supported to date, despite the widespread use of bevacizumab and availability of perfusion imaging for over a decade. Potentially the issue is impacted by lack of substantially improved outcomes for patients treated with bevacizumab. After all, it is hard to have a marker of survival benefit, for instance, when little or no benefit exists. But even the pathophysiology of these tumors suggests reasons why changes in perfusion may not be tightly linked to outcomes. For instance it is not uncommon for a tumor that appears to respond to bevacizumab to show progression on the subsequent scan. Rapid development of bevacizumab resistance is not uncommon and may be independent of initial response.3 If true, this would degrade the performance of perfusion changes as an early response marker.
Studies on Hypersensitivity to Bacterial Antigens in Intrinsic Asthma
Authors: Christian Koch, Per Andersen, Jesper Boëtius Hertz, Niels Høiby, Ellen Kappelgaard, Niels Erik Møller, Svend Norn, Mogens Pedersen, Peter Steen Petersen, Per Stahl Skov, Philip Tønnesen
Journal: Allergy (1982)

Twelve children, aged 4 to 14 years, with moderate to severe intrinsic asthma (IA) were studied. Symptom‐score charts were used to confirm the relationship of acute respiratory tract infections to exacerbations of asthma. Hypersensitivity to eight commonly occurring bacteria from the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract was studied by skin test, by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and by basophil histamine release in vitro , using ultrasonicates of the bacteria as antigens. Skin tests were all negative. All children contained low titers of precipitating antibodies against most of the bacteria, but in this respect they did not differ from normal children. In contrast. release of histamine was induced in leukocytes from the IA children by all, or most sonicates, while such reactions, were less frequent in control children. The pattern of responses indicated an element of specificity. There was no correlation to precipitating antibodies, or to the microbial flora of the children. Positive responses were characterized by low values of maximal histamine release, and by a tendency to fluctuations with time. Because of these fluctuations, and because the IA children and control children were tested on separate occasions, we cannot be certain as to the real difference between these two groups. Our studies do, however, demonstrate that water‐soluble constituents of all real bacterial strains tested were capable of causing the release of histamine in vitro , but that this phenomenon is not restricted to IA. The clinical significance of these findings awaits further investigations on the mechanism(s) of release in vitro by such agents.
Unilateral Intense Breast Accumulation of Ga-67 Resulting From Breast Feeding
Authors: Yoshio Tanabe, Kimihiko Sugiura, Shinya Fujii, Shuji Sugihara, Toshihide Ogawa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Ga-67 concentrates in breast tissue physiologically or under various pathologic conditions. Although physiological Ga-67 accumulation in the breast is usually seen bilaterally, unilateral breast accumulation of Ga-67 may indicate neoplastic or inflammatory disease. Unilateral breast feeding has been pointed out to be a rare but possible cause of physiological unilateral breast uptake of Ga-67. We present a patient with mixed connective tissue disease, who showed unilateral intense Ga-67 uptake in the right breast resulting from breast feeding having been discontinued as long as 2 months before the Ga-67 imaging.
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Ethics of Treatment
Authors: ALLAN P. FREEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 September 1971Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Ethics of TreatmentALLAN P. FREEDMAN, M.D., LAWRENCE JURKOWITZ, M.D.ALLAN P. FREEDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE JURKOWITZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-3-481 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with great interest the article, "Hypercalcemia Associated with Neoplastic Disease," by F. M. Muggia and H. O. Heinemann, in the August 1970 issue of the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE. The case described below elaborates on some of the moral and ethical issues raised in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy.Patient E.G. was a 34-year-old lady who had had a left radical mastectomy and an oophorectomy for breast cancer. When she was first seen by us, her liver was close to the pelvic brim, and she suffered from considerable abdominal pain. Treatment with cyclophosphamide and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Maimonides Hospital Brooklyn, N.Y. 11219 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1971Volume 75, Issue 3Page: 481-481KeywordsAbdominal painBreast cancerCyclophosphamideHypercalcemiaLiverOophorectomy Issue Published: 1 September 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Duodenal cancer in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): results of a 10 year prospective study
Authors: C J Groves
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Duodenal cancer is one of the leading causes of death in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. An endoscopic surveillance programme was therefore initiated in 1988, the outcome of which is described in this paper. Methods: We report the 10 year follow up of 114 patients with FAP who were prospectively screened for the presence and severity of duodenal adenomas. Results: Six of 114 patients (median age 67 years) developed duodenal adenocarcinoma. Four of these were from 11 patients who originally had Spigelman stage IV disease (advanced duodenal polyposis), which gives a 36% risk within this group of developing cancer. One case of duodenal cancer arose from 41 patients who originally had stage III disease (2%) and one cancer arose from 44 patients with original stage II disease (2%). All six patients have died: five were inoperable and one had recurrence three years after a pancreaticoduodenectomy. There was no association between duodenal cancer and site of germline mutation of the APC gene. Conclusions: Surveillance for duodenal adenocarcinoma and subsequent early referral for curative surgery has not been effective. Selection of patients with advanced but benign (Spigelman stage IV) duodenal polyposis for prophylactic pancreaticoduodenectomy should therefore be considered and can now be justified on the basis of these results. More comprehensive endoscopic surveillance of high risk (stage III and IV) patients is needed in an attempt to avoid underestimating the severity of duodenal polyposis, and to evaluate the role of endoscopic therapy in preventing advanced disease.
The Relationships Between Testosterone, Body Composition, and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Elena Volpi, Steven A. Lieberman, Dennis M. Ferrer, Charles R. Gilkison, Blake B. Rasmussen, Manubai Nagamani, Randall J. Urban
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Association between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance is well recognized in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (1). However, earlier evidence (2) suggesting an insulin-antagonizing effect of androgens has been overshadowed by more recent studies demonstrating that antiandrogen treatment with flutamide (3) or GnRH agonists (4,5) does not alter insulin resistance in PCOS. Conflicting results have been reported in non-PCOS women, with some studies (1,6–9) suggesting that testosterone may be related to insulin resistance and others (10,11) showing no correlation. Recent data suggest that some of these discrepancies may be explained by racial disparities, since only obese African-American women exhibited a positive relationship between insulin resistance and gonadal androgens (6). Inconclusive data have also been reported in men given testosterone in replacement or supraphysiologic doses, with some studies (12) suggesting a sensitizing effect of testosterone on glucose metabolism and others (13–16) showing no effect.

Nonetheless, androgens can influence body composition, which is associated with insulin sensitivity. Thus, it is conceivable that testosterone might indirectly influence insulin sensitivity via its effects on body composition. We report the results of hormonal, metabolic, and body composition studies before and 1 month and 9 months after a Leydig cell tumor removal in a postmenopausal woman.

A 64-year-old gravida 7, para 7, Hispanic woman was referred for evaluation of virilization starting ∼10 years earlier and progressing over the past 3 years. Menses were regular before menopause (age 50). Diabetes was diagnosed 2 months before presentation and was well controlled by 1.5 mg glyburide daily (HbA1c 4.8%). She had a 22-year history of hypertension, treated with benazepril and amlodipine. A physical examination revealed male pattern alopecia, masculine habitus, abdominal obesity, clitoromegaly, and breast atrophy …
The Successful Physician: A Productivity Handbook for Practitioners
Authors: Yucel Balbay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 June 1999The Successful Physician: A Productivity Handbook for PractitionersYucel Balbay, MD and Duncan Neuhauser, PhDYucel Balbay, MDCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. (Balbay, Neuhauser)Search for more papers by this author and Duncan Neuhauser, PhDCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. (Balbay, Neuhauser)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Zaslove MO. 307 pages, Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen; 1998. $29.00. ISBN 0834210983. Order phone 800-638-8437.Field of medicine: Practice management.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Practicing physicians and allied staff.Content: The book offers practical, useful advice for the harried practitioner in an easy-to-read, easy-to-use format. Problem checklists, exercises, short examples, quotations, cartoons, and references are included, all of which are designed to help physicians improve productivity. Practical suggestions, emphasized in boldface, are scattered throughout the three main sections of the book, which cover management of time, knowledge, and relationships.Highlights: The summary suggestions are accompanied by frequently asked questions and descriptions ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. (Balbay, Neuhauser) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 11Page: 952KeywordsComputer softwareComputing systemsExerciseHealth maintenance organizationsHeart ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mapping miniature synaptic currents to single synapses using calcium imaging reveals heterogeneity in postsynaptic output
Authors: Timothy H. Murphy, Jay M. Baraban, W.Gil Wier
Journal: Neuron (1995)

The amplitudes and kinetics of miniature excitatory synaptic currents (MESCs) in mammalian central neurons vary widely. It is unclear whether this variability occurs at each synapse or arises from differences among a heterogeneous population of synapses. Furthermore, it is not known how variability in these currents would affect their associated postsynaptic Ca2+ transients. To address these questions, we conducted simultaneous Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recordings from cultured cortical neurons and mapped individual MESCs to identified synapses displaying coincident dendritic miniature synaptic Ca2+ transients (MSCTs). Measurements of MSCTs at dendritic sites that displayed multiple events revealed that MSCT amplitude varied considerably at each site. Simultaneous measurement of MESCs and MSCTs at these sites indicated that variability in coincident synaptic currents contributes to the differences in Ca2+ transient amplitude. The ability of single synapses to exhibit variable output may enable them to engage intracellular signaling pathways at different levels of intracellular Ca2+.
IRBIT coordinates epithelial fluid and HCO3–secretion by stimulating the transporters pNBC1 and CFTR in the murine pancreatic duct
Authors: Dongki Yang, Nikolay Shcheynikov, Weizhong Zeng, Ehud Ohana, Insuk So, Hideaki Ando, Akihiro Mizutani, Katsuhiko Mikoshiba, Shmuel Muallem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Fluid and HCO3– secretion are vital functions of secretory epithelia. In most epithelia, this entails HCO3– entry at the basolateral membrane, mediated by the Na+-HCO3– cotransporter, pNBC1, and exit at the luminal membrane, mediated by a CFTR-SLC26 transporters complex. Here we report that the protein IRBIT (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate [IP3] receptors binding protein released with IP3), a previously identified activator of pNBC1, activates both the basolateral pNBC1 and the luminal CFTR to coordinate fluid and HCO3– secretion by the pancreatic duct. We used video microscopy and ion selective microelectrodes to measure fluid secretion and Cl– and HCO3– concentrations in cultured murine sealed intralobular pancreatic ducts. Short interference RNA–mediated knockdown of IRBIT markedly inhibited ductal pNBC1 and CFTR activities, luminal Cl– absorption and HCO3– secretion, and the associated fluid secretion. Single-channel measurements suggested that IRBIT regulated CFTR by reducing channel mean close time. Furthermore, expression of IRBIT constructs in HEK cells revealed that activation of pNBC1 required only the IRBIT PEST domain, while activation of CFTR required multiple IRBIT domains, suggesting that IRBIT activates these transporters by different mechanisms. These findings define IRBIT as a key coordinator of epithelial fluid and HCO3– secretion and may have implications to all CFTR-expressing epithelia and to cystic fibrosis.
KATP-Channel-Dependent Regulation of Catecholaminergic Neurons Controls BAT Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Energy Homeostasis
Authors: Sulay Tovar, Lars Paeger, Simon Hess, Donald A. Morgan, A. Christine Hausen, Hella S. Brönneke, Brigitte Hampel, P. Justus Ackermann, Nadine Evers, Hildegard Büning, F. Thomas Wunderlich, Kamal Rahmouni, Peter Kloppenburg, Jens C. Brüning
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Aggressive treatment of low grade prostate cancer is unnecessary
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Aggressive treatment of localised low grade prostate cancer is inappropriate, a study has found. The long term study shows a very small risk of progression over 20 years of follow-up in patients treated conservatively ( JAMA 2005;293: 2095-101.

Peter Albertsen and colleagues analysed data from the Connecticut tumour registry, supplemented by hospital record and histology review, for 767 men aged 55 to 74 years diagnosed as having clinically localised prostate cancer between 1 January 1971 …
Characterization of the activin receptor in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Y Zhang, M Kanzaki, H Mashima, T Mine, I Kojima
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Activin A is an autocrine inhibitor of initiation of DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes. The present study was conducted to characterize the cell–surface receptors for activin A in cultured rat hepatocytes by measuring 125I–activin A binding. Scatchard analysis of 125I–activin A binding indicated the existence of two classes of binding sites with apparent Kd values of 3 × 10-.10 mol/L and 3.5 × 10-.9 mol/L. Pretreatment of the cells with heparitinase reduced the number of low– affinity binding sites, whereas pretreatment with excess exogenous follistatin increased the number of low–affinity binding sites. Affinity cross–linking of 125I–activin A to hepatocytes revealed distinct protein complexes with molecular weights of approximately 48, 65, and 85 kd, which may represent cross–linked cell–bound follistatin, type I and type II activin receptors, respectively. Another band with a molecular weight of 180 kd was also found, which may represent the type III activin receptor. When hepatocytes were cultured with epidermal growth factor (EGF), both high– and low–affinity binding sites increased at 12 hours without altering their affinities. At 60 hours of the incubation with EGF, the high–affinity binding sites decreased while the number of low–affinity binding sites increased slightly. These results indicate that two classes of 125I–activin A binding sites exist in cultured hepatocytes: the high–affinity binding site may represent oligomeric complex of the type I and type II receptors, and at least part of the low–affinity binding site may represent cell–bound follistatin. The number of activin receptors in hepatocytes is increased after the stimulation with EGF.
CXCR4 expression affects overall survival of HCC patients whereas CXCR7 expression does not
Authors: Maria Neve Polimeno, Caterina Ierano, Crescenzo D'Alterio, Nunzia Simona Losito, Maria Napolitano, Luigi Portella, Giosuè Scognamiglio, Fabiana Tatangelo, Anna Maria Trotta, Steven Curley, Susan Costantini, Raffaele Liuzzi, Francesco Izzo, Stefania Scala
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis and limited markers for predicting patient survival. Because chemokines and chemokine receptors play numerous and integral roles in HCC disease progression, the CXCR4–CXCL12–CXCR7 axis was studied in HCC patients. CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 86 HCC patients (training cohort) and validated in 42 unrelated HCC patients (validation cohort). CXCR4 levels were low in 22.1% of patients, intermediate in 30.2%, and high in 47.7%, whereas CXCR7 levels were low in 9.3% of patients, intermediate in 44.2% and high in 46.5% of the patients in the training cohort. When correlated to patient outcome, only CXCR4 affected overall survival (P=0.03). CXCR4–CXCL12–CXCR7 mRNA levels were examined in 33/86 patients. Interestingly, the common CXCR4–CXCR7 ligand CXCL12 was expressed at significantly lower levels in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal liver (P=0.032). The expression and function of CXCR4 and CXCR7 was also analyzed in several human HCC cell lines. CXCR4 was expressed in Huh7, Hep3B, SNU398, SNU449 and SNU475 cells, whereas CXCR7 was expressed in HepG2, Huh7, SNU449 and SNU475 cells. Huh7, SNU449 and SNU475 cells migrated toward CXCL12, and this migration was inhibited by AMD3100/anti-CXCR4 and by CCX771/anti-CXCR7. Moreover, SNU449 and Huh7 cells exhibited matrix invasion in the presence of CXCL12 and CXCL11, a ligand exclusive to CXCR7. In conclusion, CXCR4 affects the prognosis of HCC patients but CXCR7 does not. Therefore, the CXCR4–CXCL12–CXCR7 axis plays a role in the interaction of HCC with the surrounding normal tissue and represents a suitable therapeutic target.
Norwegian GPs move to a list based system
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Norway's parliament has voted by a narrow majority to introduce a list based system for GPs from 1 January 1999. This is the first time the Norwegian government has publicly backed the idea of a list system ( BMJ 1997;314:771). The measure follows a three year pilot project, which was carried out in four municipalities.

Strong controversy surrounded the financing of the new system. In the pilot half the doctor's income was based on …