tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EGF receptor activation stimulates endogenous gastrin gene expression in canine G cells and human gastric cell cultures.
Authors: M G Ford, J D Valle, C J Soroka, J L Merchant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Gastrin release from the antral gastrin-expressing cell (G cell) is regulated by bombesin and luminal factors. Yet, these same extracellular regulators do not stimulate expression of the gene. Since the gastric mucosa expresses large quantities of EGF receptor ligands such as TGFalpha, we examined whether EGF receptor ligands stimulate gastrin gene expression in gastrin-expressing cell cultures. EGF receptor activation of primary cultures stimulated gastrin gene expression about twofold; whereas bombesin treatment of antral G cell cultures stimulated gastrin release but not gene expression. EGF and TGFalpha were weak stimulants of gastrin release. EGF receptor activation of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line stimulated gastrin gene expression nearly fourfold; and gastrin reporter constructs transfected into AGS cells were stimulated more than fourfold by EGF. EGF induction was conferred by the previously defined GC-rich gastrin EGF response element (gERE) element located at -68 to -53 bp upstream from the cap site since a mutation of the gERE element abolished both basal and EGF induction. Moreover, EGF treatment of AGS cells stimulated binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to this element. Collectively, these results demonstrate that gastrin gene expression and gastrin release are regulated by different signaling pathways: gene expression by EGF receptor activation and gastrin secretion by neuropeptides and luminal factors.
Finding of relation between epidural anaesthesia and long term backache remains valid
Authors: C. MacArthur, M. Lewis, G. Knox
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Robin Russell and Felicity Reynolds conclude in their editorial “that in no prospective study has the use of regional anaesthesia been associated with an increased risk of chronic backache.” 1 The path to this conclusion and to the reassurances based on it involves stigmatising our investigation in 19902 (and their own previous study) as “retrospective” in design. They then attach to this the well known hazards of this approach and infer that women, in retrospect, …
The failures of two contracts
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The British government's 10 year plan for reforming the NHS set great store by reforming the way staff worked.1 The public, said the plan, wanted more and better paid staff, using new ways of working. Some of the biggest problems with the old NHS were “old fashioned demarcations between staff and barriers between services and a lack of clear incentives and levers to improve performance.” The plan promised in 2000 that for the first time there will be modern contracts for both general practitioners and hospital doctors. There will be a big extension of quality-based contracts for general practitioners. The number of consultants entitled to additional discretionary payments will rise from half to two thirds, but in return they will be expected to increase their productivity while working for the NHS. Three years on, reform of the consultant contract is stalled, the new general practitioner contract is hanging by a thread (p 1105), the government is frustrated, the BMA is deeply embarrassed, and reform of the NHS is threatened. What's gone wrong?

The story of the two contracts is nothing short of Homeric: for three years the adventurers trying to deliver the new contracts have been wandering the high seas, hoping to bring the contracts to a safe port, but neither yet is close. Indeed, the consultant contract seems to be wrecked.2 3 The contract for general practitioners suffered a serious setback last week when a special conference of representatives of local medical committees voted to send the negotiators—who had just survived a vote of no confidence—back for six months' further negotiation. But the very next day—at a meeting of the General Practitioners Committee—the impracticality of this position was understood: legislative windows would be missed, possibly delaying the contract for a year or more. The negotiators are still …
PWE-148 Long Term Outcomes Of Percutaneous Recanalisation For Budd-chiari Syndrome (bcs): Our Experience In Birmingham, Uk
Authors: L Sunder Raj, V Vemala, K Mangat, S Olliff, E Elias, D Tripathi
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with BCS and short stenosis of the hepatic vein or the upper IVC can be treated with recanalisation by percutaneous venoplasty ± hepatic vein stent insertion. Recent data suggests &gt;60% failure rate (PMID 23389867). We studied the long-term outcomes of this approach in our institution. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis of patients referred from 1987 to 12/2012 for radiological intervention. Of 161 patients treated for BCS, 60 patients were selected. <h3>Results</h3> Median age, 34.5 years (19–65), M:F ratio 23:37. Mean follow up, 8 ± 6.6 years (0.1–26 years). 60% of patients had ≥1 haematological risk factor. Percutaneous recanalisation was technically successful in all patients. The obstruction was at the level of hepatic vein (s) (86.6%), IVC (6.6%) and both IVC and HV (6.6%). 30 patients were managed with venoplasty alone. Of the 30 who had stent placement, 15 had venoplasty prior to stent placements, ranging from 1–11 venoplasty episodes. Due to failure of recanalisation, 26.66% patients required TIPSS (16.7%), surgery (8.3%) and liver transplantation (6.7%). Actuarial survival at 1, 5, 10 was 95%, 93%, and 83% respectively (<i>kaplan meier survival Graph 1</i>)<i>. </i>All patients maintained Child’s A status throughout follow up and there was no incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. <h3>Conclusion</h3> BCS patients due to short stenosis of the hepatic vein or the upper IVC can be successfully managed with percutaneous recanalisation alone with good outcomes over a long period of follow up. Our data supports the stepwise approach to the managements of BCS, with better results than recent series. <h3>Reference</h3> PMID 23389867. Good long-term outcome of Budd-Chiari syndrome with a step-wise management. <i>Hepatology</i> 2013 May;57(5):1962–8. doi: 10.1002/hep.26306. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Health effects among newborns after prenatal exposure to ClO2-disinfected drinking water.
Authors: R W Tuthill, R A Giusti, G S Moore, E J Calabrese
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Because chlorination of potable surface waters may be associated with increased risk of carcinogenicity, substitute methods for the routine disinfection of public water supplies are being explored. As part of this search, it is especially important that the potential health effects of each alternative method should be considered. Chemical treatment of drinking water by chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a likely alternative mode of disinfection. Two common by-products of the ClO2 disinfection of surface water are chlorate and chlorite. These oxidants may have negative health effects on certain high risk groups. Newborns, in particular, would seem to be at increased risk to red cell damage from oxidant stress. The historical record study being reported here compares the morbidity and mortality experience of newborns in two similar communities, one of which used chlorination and the other which used high levels of chlorine dioxide for potable water disinfection. A statistically significant positive association was found between exposure of the mother to ClO2-treated water during pregnancy and prematurity of the newborn as assessed by the attending physician and by a greater weight loss after birth. The rates of jaundice, birth defects and fetal and neonatal mortality did not differ significantly between communities. Because of the limitations of the study design, the findings reported here should be considered suggestive rather than definitive.
Quantitation and evaluation of low molecular weight IgM in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P.J Roberts-Thomson, S.H Neoh, J Bradley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Laser nephelometric estimation of IgM in the eluate fractions following Sepharose 6B chromatography has enabled the calculation of the proportion of low molecular weight IgM (7S IgM) in normal and pathological sera. This figure has then been used to determine the absolute amount of 7S IgM. Twenty-seven of 36 (75%) patients with rheumatoid arthritis had 7S IgM with a mean value of 17 mg/100 ml (170 mg/l) (range 2.5-59 mg/100 ml). No sera from 10 healthy controls were found to contain 7S IgM. Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis had significantly more 7S IgM than those with inactive disease, but there was no significant difference between those patients with and without rheumatoid vasculitis. Significant correlations occurred between 7S IgM and the absolute IgM level (P < 0.01), the Rose-Waaler titre (P < 0.01), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.01). However, there was no significant correlation with the age of the patient, the duration of the disease, or the level of circulating immune complexes as measured by the Clq binding assay. It is concluded that 7S IgM commonly occurs in rheumatoid arthritis, and it is postulated that a common immunological stimulus is responsible for the production of 7S IgM and rheumatoid factors, serological abnormalities that characterise this disease.
Serum Trypsin Inhibitors In Coal Miners
Authors: Jack Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Resnick et al ("Serum Trypsin Inhibitor Concentrations in Coal Miners with Respiratory Symptoms,"<b>215</b>:1101, 1971) contains many misconceptions and misquotations of the literature. The basic flaw underlying the results reported by these authors appears to stem from their apparent lack of concern about the unusually low normal values for serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (STIC). Their mean value of 0.859 is much lower than the accepted mean of 1.1 units reported by both Eriksson<sup>1</sup>and ourselves.<sup>2</sup>The range of normal values (0.42 to 1.9) quoted from the literature includes values from many reports published prior to 1963, when the significance of a genetic deficiency of antitrypsin was first reported. This range of "normal" values undoubtedly includes many with the genetic deficiency. A potential systematic error in calculating the STIC values may be related to the unusual weight-combining ratio for trypsin (T)
Ocular Venous Occlusion and Hyperhomocysteinemia
Authors: Johan R.M. Cruysberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 October 1999Ocular Venous Occlusion and HyperhomocysteinemiaJohan R.M. Cruysberg, MD, PhDJohan R.M. Cruysberg, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital Nijmegen; 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Cruysberg)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:de Bruijne and colleagues (1) suggested an association between venous occlusion in the eye and elevated total plasma homocysteine levels. This association was established in an earlier study published in 1993 (2). In 19 patients who had retinal vein occlusion or retinal artery occlusion before 50 years of age, the incidence of hyperhomocysteinemia, as observed in heterozygosity for homocystinuria, was studied by the performance of a standardized, oral methionine-loading test. In 4 of the 19 patients (21%), 2 with retinal artery occlusion and 2 with central retinal vein occlusion, the afterload peak levels of homocysteine exceeded the ...References1. de Bruijne EL, Keulen-de Vos GH, Ouwendijk RJ. Ocular venous occlusion and hyperhomocysteinemia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:78. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Wenzler EM, Rademakers AJ, Boers GH, Cruysberg JR, Webers CA, Deutman AF. Hyperhomocysteinemia in retinal artery and retinal vein occlusion. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993;115:162-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Nijmegen; 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (Cruysberg) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOcular Venous Occlusion and Hyperhomocysteinemia Emile L.E. de Bruijne , Gonneke H.J.C. Keulen-de Vos , and Rob J.Th. Ouwendijk Metrics 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 632-633KeywordsArteriesBlood plasmaHeterozygosityHomocystinuriaStandard deviationVeins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Potential for Bleeding with the New Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
Authors: Fred R. Sattler, Michael R. Weitekamp, James O. Ballard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Several new beta-lactam antibiotics impair normal hemostasis. Hypoprothrombinemia has occurred frequently with cephalosporins that possess a methylthiotetrazole substitution (cefamandole, moxalactam, and cefoperazone). The incidence ranges from 4% to 68%, and the risk is greatest in debilitated patients with cancer, intra-abdominal infection, or renal failure. Impaired platelet function caused by perturbation of agonist receptors on the platelet surface has occurred primarily with beta-lactam antibiotics having an alphacarboxyl substitution (moxalactam, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin). These antibiotics often cause the template bleeding time to be markedly prolonged (> 20 minutes). Acylureidopenicillins, which lack the alpha-carboxyl marker, impair platelet function less frequently and only modestly prolong the bleeding time. If serious hemorrhage occurs, hypoprothrombinemia associated with methylthiotetrazole-substituted cephalosporins should be treated with fresh frozen plasma. Likewise, dangerous bleeding due to impaired platelet aggregation requires treatment with platelet concentrates.
Is haptic perception continuous with cognition?
Authors: Edouard Gentaz, Yves Rossetti
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

A further step in Pylyshyn's discontinuity thesis is to examine the penetrability of haptic (tactual-kinesthetic) perception. The study of the perception of orientation and the “oblique effect” (lower performance in oblique orientations than in vertical–horizontal orientations) in the visual and haptic modalities allows this question to be discussed. We suggest that part of the visual process generating the visual oblique effect is cognitively impenetrable, whereas all haptic processes generating the haptic oblique effect are cognitively penetrable.
The Detection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Block With Tc-99m DTPA Cerebral Ventriculography
Authors: LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, LAURENT DINH, S. T. TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Cerebrospinal fluid block may occur as a complication of leptomeningeal metastases. In any patient with an indwelling Ommaya reservoir, radionuclide cerebral ventriculography provides a means of directly determining the presence of cerebrospinal fluid compartmentalization. Radionuclide cerebral ventriculography is a useful alternative to myelography or computed tomographic myelography for the assessment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics before the initiation of intrathecal chemotherapy.
Carotid Artery Back Pressure and Cerebral Intolerance During the Occlusion in Carotid Stenting with the Mo.Ma Proximal Embolic Protection Device
Authors: Mehmet Bilge, Recai Alemdar, Sina Ali, Ayse Saatci Yasar, Özgür Kırbas, Ahmet Akdi, Özge Kurmus, Turgay Aslan, Cemal Koseoglu, Bilge Karaduman Duran, Mehmet Erdogan, Serkan Sivri, Halan Süygün
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) AND RESPONSE TO RENAL ARTERY STENTING.
Authors: Mohammad Khalil Kanjwal, Dong Zhang, Satjit Adlakha, Haifeng Yu, Pamela S. Brewster, Katherine Hoetzl, Steven Haller, Michael Steffes, Joseph Shapiro, William R. Colyer, Christopher J. Cooper
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect of prior exercise on the partitioning of an intestinal glucose load between splanchnic bed and skeletal muscle.
Authors: K S Hamilton, F K Gibbons, D P Bracy, D B Lacy, A D Cherrington, D H Wasserman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Exercise leads to marked increases in muscle insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness. Oral glucose tolerance immediately after exercise is generally not improved. The hypothesis tested by these experiments is that after exercise the increased muscle glucose uptake during an intestinal glucose load is counterbalanced by an increase in the efficiency with which glucose enters the circulation and that this occurs due to an increase in intestinal glucose absorption or decrease in hepatic glucose disposal. For this purpose, sampling (artery and portal, hepatic, and femoral veins) and infusion (vena cava, duodenum) catheters and Doppler flow probes (portal vein, hepatic artery, external iliac artery) were implanted 17 d before study. Overnightfasted dogs were studied after 150 min of moderate treadmill exercise or an equal duration rest period. Glucose ([14C]glucose labeled) was infused in the duodenum at 8 mg/kg x min for 150 min beginning 30 min after exercise or rest periods. Values, depending on the specific variable, are the mean +/- SE for six to eight dogs. Measurements are from the last 60 min of the intraduodenal glucose infusion. In response to intraduodenal glucose, arterial plasma glucose rose more in exercised (103 +/- 4 to 154 +/- 6 mg/dl) compared with rested (104 +/- 2 to 139 +/- 3 mg/dl) dogs. The greater increase in glucose occurred even though net limb glucose uptake was elevated after exercise (35 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 2 mg/min) as net splanchnic glucose output (5.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.6 mg/kg x min) and systemic appearance of intraduodenal glucose (8.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 6.3 +/- 0.7 mg/kg x min) were also increased due to a higher net gut glucose output (6.1 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.9 mg/kg x min). Adaptations at the muscle led to increased net glycogen deposition after exercise [1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/(gram of tissue x 150 min)], while no such increase in glycogen storage was seen in liver [3.9 +/- 1.0 vs. 4.1 +/- 1.1 mg/(gram of tissue x 150 min) in exercised and sedentary animals, respectively]. These experiments show that the increase in the ability of previously working muscle to store glycogen is not solely a result of changes at the muscle itself, but is also a result of changes in the splanchnic bed that increase the efficiency with which oral glucose is made available in the systemic circulation.
Delayed donor red cell chimerism and pure red cell aplasia following major ABO-incompatible nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Charles D. Bolan, Susan F. Leitman, Linda M. Griffith, Robert A. Wesley, Jo L. Procter, David F. Stroncek, A. John Barrett, Richard W. Childs
Journal: Blood (2001)
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF JAGZIEKTE
Authors: E. V. Cowdry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

The epithelial proliferations, which are so typical of jagziekte, are chiefly of alveolar origin. They appear in areas of infiltration and exudation identical histologically with those occurring in sheep which are to all appearances normal but which are derived from flocks in which the disease is endemic. They become very extensive and quite atypical in structure, but they never give rise to metastases, even to the adjacent lymph glands. The primary infiltration of the interalveolar tissue continues and may lead to fibrosis and extensive consolidation, or leucocytes may accumulate in large numbers, penetrate into the alveoli, and form areas of acute pneumonia. In fairly advanced cases of jagziekte it is common to find many stages of the reaction in one and the same lung. While it is possible that the disease may be due to a single and specific virus, and the epithelial lesions are certainly of a very special character, the pathological complex as a whole is such as might be caused by a variety of predisposing and exciting factors operating over a considerable period of time.
Generic Drugs and the Prescribing Physician
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1987)

While generic substitution is not a new phenomenon, a number of factors have combined to markedly increase generic drug use. The most important factor is a 1984 law, the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act, which facilitates the entry into the marketplace of generic versions of brand name drugs. This law and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) policies are designed to approve for marketing generic drug products that are therapeutically equivalent to their brand name counterparts. With increased availability of generic drugs, physicians have expressed the need for more information about the FDA process for determining that generic versions of brand name drug products are both safe and effective and that generic drug products will produce the same therapeutic results as those achieved by the brand name products. This article describes FDA procedures for approving generic drug products and examines issues important to the prescribing physician, in particular, therapeutic equivalence. The article also describes the role of the states in generic substitution and the availability of information from the FDA on the therapeutic equivalence of drug products.
Prevalence and Incidence of Benign Asbestos Pleural Effusion in a Working Population
Authors: Gary R. Epler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Benign asbestos effusion was defined by (1) exposure to asbestos, (2) confirmation by roentgenograms or thoracenteses, (3) no other disease related to pleural effusion, and (4) no malignant tumor within three years. There were 34 benign effusions among 1,135 exposed workers compared with no otherwise unexplained effusions among 717 control subjects. Prevalence was dose related with 7.0%, 3.7%, and 0.2% effusions with severe (III), indirect (II), and peripheral (I) exposure, respectively. The latency period was shorter than for other asbestos-related disorders. Benign effusion was the most common asbestos-related abnormality during the first 20 years after exposure. Incidence studies showed 9.2 effusions per 1,000 person-years for level III exposure, 3.9 for level II, and 0.7 for level I. Most effusions were small; 28.6% recurred, and 66% were asymptomatic. There was one mesothelioma six years after effusion. Asbestos exposure should be carefully searched for in patients with "idiopathic" pleural effusion.
Stereoscopic Atlas of Macular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: George M. Bohigian
Journal: JAMA (1997)

J. Donald Gass, MD, is one of the "founding fathers" of the diagnosis and treatment of macular diseases and the interpretation of fluorescein angiography of the macula and retina. Many of his colleagues note that he has a photographic memory in correlating clinical findings with retinal pathology. His experience is evident in this fourth edition of his two-volume book, which contains more than 6500 references. The book is arranged in easily readable form, with text on the left side of the page and photographs on the right. The atlas utilizes a combination of black-and-white fundus photographs, stereo colored fundus photographs, fluorescein angiograms, and photomicrographs to illustrate the anatomical and physiological alterations produced by a variety of intraocular disease processes affecting the macular region of the retina. The great strength of this publication is that stereoscopic black-and-white fluorescein angiograms and colored stereoscopic photographs are included, which may be examined with a