tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mobile phones and driving
Authors: C. Pless, B. Pless
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Although a review of the recent literature found that the evidence for a causal association between mobile phone use while driving and crash related injuries was not clear cut, with a quarter of crashes in the United States now attributed to mobile phone use, we can’t wait for perfect evidence before acting. In 1997, Redelmeier and Tibshirani found that mobile (cell) phone use was associated with a quadrupled risk of crashes, although last year a study cast doubt on some components of the association. While most early studies unequivocally supported the view that mobile phones made driving more dangerous, some later reports arrived at contradictory conclusions, especially with regard to hands-free phones. Part of the confusion may be due to the mix of laboratory and observational epidemiological studies that characterise this field. Nevertheless, given the proliferation of mobile phones, the prevalence of distracted driving is undoubtedly increasing. Texting is obviously the riskiest activity because the distraction is cognitive and visual; handheld phone use (particularly when making or receiving calls) comes next; and hands-free use is probably the least... Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
Transmission of HIV-1 Subtype E in the United States
Authors: Christopher A. Ohl
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The global human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic comprises infections from at least 9 genetically distinct subtypes or clades of virus (subtypes A through H and subtype 0), and the distribution of subtypes is geographically defined.<sup>1</sup>HIV-1 subtype B predominates in North America. The explosive epidemic in Southeast Asia is chiefly attributable to subtype E viruses. We have previously documented multiple introductions of HIV-1 subtype E from endemic areas into the United States and the Western Hemisphere,<sup>2,3</sup>raising the possibility that future vaccine strategies may have to consider polyvalent constructs. We now report what we believe to be the first case of domestic transmission of HIV-1 subtype E identified and documented within the United States. <h3>Report of Cases.</h3> —Case 1 is a 23-year-old man who acquired infection with HIV-1 subtype E during overseas military service in Thailand in May 1993.<sup>3</sup>Case 2 is
LOCAL FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS
Authors: W. J. CUNLIFFE, B. DODMAN, R. L. HOLMES, R. A. FORSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article LOCAL FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS Get access W. J. CUNLIFFE, W. J. CUNLIFFE Departments of Dermatology and Anatomy. Leeds University, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. DODMAN, B. DODMAN Departments of Dermatology and Anatomy. Leeds University, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. L. HOLMES, R. L. HOLMES Departments of Dermatology and Anatomy. Leeds University, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. A. FORSTER R. A. FORSTER Departments of Dermatology and Anatomy. Leeds University, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 84, Issue 5, 1 May 1971, Pages 420–423, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb02526.x Published: 01 May 1971 Article history Accepted: 24 December 1970 Published: 01 May 1971
Avoiding Low-Value Care
Authors: Atul A. Gawande, Carrie H. Colla, Scott D. Halpern, Bruce E. Landon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The enormous cost of health care in the United States has inspired new efforts to assess the true value of commonly provided services. Carrie Colla, Scott Halpern, and Bruce Landon discuss decision making regarding low-value care in a video roundtable moderated by Atul Gawande.
Thermal Coagulability of Serum Proteins and Diagnosis of Malignant Disease
Authors: H. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1950)

BIBTRj"URNAL 1201 aged, physical deterioration is accompanied by rapid and marked chemical imbalance.Our principles for supportive therapy are 1.Food is preferable to parenteral therapy.A high-calorie, high-protein, and vitamin-rich diet is important.The edentu- lous should be given cooked ground meat.2. The daily water requirement of 2.5 litres may have to be doubled, wish additional sodium chloride, in patients who have been dehydrated.3. The daily requirement of 1 g. of protein per kilogram of weight may have to be doubled or trebled after operation, or in depleting diseases or infection.4. Starvation produces both nitrogen and potassium loss.Low blood potassium may produce asthenia, flaccid paralysis, respiratory distress, and ileus.Bodansky (1950) gives potassium as beef broth or meat juices, or potassium ,chloride, 2-4 g. daily.Randall et al. (1949) recommend a mixture of 1 g. each of potassium acetate, bicarbonate, and citrate in 8 ml. of water: 4 ml.may be taken three times daily.For intravenous use, 2-4 10-ml.ampoules of 15% potassium 'chloride may be given in 24 hours.Repeated blood potassium determinations are required.5. Patients with diminished cardiac reserve tolerate best a hypodermoclysis of 2.5% glucose in 0.45% solution of sodium chloride.If diuresis is poor, 50-100 ml. of hypertonic (25- 50%) dextrose solution intravenously is recommended.6.In alkalosis Bodansky (1950) has used a 2% ammonium 'chloride solution intravenously.7. A controlled diet and insulin are indicated for the diabetic.In emergencies 5% glucose in saline intravenously, with one unit of insulin for each 2 g. of carbohydrate, is recommended.
Proliferative signals for suppressor T cells. Helper cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen in vitro produce a suppressor cell growth factor.
Authors: E J Fox, R G Cook, D E Lewis, R R Rich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To define molecular signals elaborated by inducer populations supporting growth or differentiation of T8+ cells, we collected supernatants of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated cultures depleted of T8+ cells. When added to purified T8+ cells, these supernatants caused significant proliferation. PWM plus interleukin 2 (IL-2) in amounts equivalent to those in the supernatant could not reconstitute the response caused by the supernatant. T8+ cells activated by supernatants obtained from PWM-pulsed T4+ cells suppressed fresh PWM cultures. Although exhibiting little proliferation, T8+ cells cultured for 6 d in PWM plus IL-2 still suppressed a fresh PWM response. The supernatants therefore contain an additional T suppressor cell growth factor (TsGF). Elaboration of TsGF required radiosensitive T4+Leu8+ cells. Molecular weight determination by high performance liquid chromatography gave a single peak of TsGF activity at approximately 8,000. Finally, whereas TsGF in the absence of IL-2 could not support the proliferation of T suppressor cells, it did cause T8+ cells to become strongly IL-2 receptor-positive.
PSYCHIC MANIFESTATIONS IN CASES OF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Frederick P. Moersch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1925)

In reviewing the psychic changes in brain tumors it will be found that they tend to arrange themselves into three groups: The General Symptoms.—These are as vague and difficult of interpretation as are other general symptoms from a neurologic standpoint. The more generalized symptoms are as follows: 1. Mild mental and physical let-down (neurasthenic states). 2. Mild changes in personality (indifference, inadequacy, witzelsucht). 3. Anxiety states. 4. Depressive reactions. 5. Mental confusion. 6. Deteriorating states, simulating: a. Epilepsy. b. Arteriosclerosis. c. Senile dementia. d. Vascular lesions. e. Traumatic lesions. f. Dementia paralytica. g. Dementia præcox (catatonic states). These reactions are rarely ever sufficient to aid in the localization of a tumor, but frequently may serve as a clue to the correct diagnosis. Specific Mental Reactions.—1. Lack of affect (change in personality). 2. Impaired mental grasp (lack of memory, interest and attention). 3. Impaired insight and judgment. 4. Impaired mental activity (poverty of thought processes). 5. Disturbances of general motility (psychosomatic). When these factors are present, in the absence of any focal neurologic signs, one may speak of a frontal lobe syndrome, understanding that this is not a positive syndrome, but is very suggestive of a lesion in the forward portion of the cerebrum. These mental changes may be of varying intensity, show marked fluctuations, and, as a rule, appear late in the disease, the minor changes probably having been entirely overlooked in the early stages of the affection. Associated Mental Reactions.—Under this heading are considered the mental states associated with brain tumors, in which a direct relationship is difficult to establish. Thus hysterical episodes, maniacal states, or other psychotic states which occasionally lead to institutional confinement may at times be quite independent of the effects of the neoplasm. Undoubtedly the marked changes brought about by a new growth in the brain are likely to precipitate psychic alterations, especially in neuropathic individuals in whom the stabilizing qualities are none too good. In conclusion it may be stated that a psychiatric examination is of considerable aid in all cases of suspected brain tumor, regardless of location, type of tumor, stage of the disease process, or mental status of the patient.
Need for Inexpensive Obstetric Nurses
Authors: E. T. Milligan
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> :—Something should be done to enable women of seanty means to receive decent care during confinement. Everything is being done in the way of intelligent care for the women who are giving birth to illegitimate children. This is as it should be, for although it is a stain on the woman's virtue, she is not so vile as the married woman who murders her offspring in her womb. The honest wife of the working man has to "grunt and sweat under her heavy load" and if she dies for want of care the blame is unjustly placed on Providence. Trained nurses cannot be obtained for the wife of the working man because the mainstay of the family cannot pay the price. There should be training schools for women who would devote their work to taking care of the working man's wife, during confinement, at a reasonable charge.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN ITS RELATION TO EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER.
Authors: S. P. BEEBE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The investigations of the last twenty years have given to the thyroid gland a physiologic importance of the first order. So enthusiastic have some observers become in their belief in its primal position in physiology and also, on the part of a few, in therapeutics, that one is almost tempted to compare its supposed potency to the famed fountain of eternal youth whose magic healing and rejuvenating properties was the hope of the aged, infirm explorer. I must confess myself as among those who share the belief that the thyroid is a true gland, whose proper functioning plays such a part in the physiologic rhythm of the body that it stands very near to, if, indeed, not in, the list of viscera to which the term vital is properly applied. I share also in the belief that the thyroid proteids have a wide range of beneficial therapeutic activity, and yet
Blastic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Elchanan Januszewicz, Ian A. Cooper, Glenn Pilkington, David Jose
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract A case is described of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia whose disease underwent blastic transformation. The transformed cells had the same immunoglobulin types (μ and k ) as the original chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Immunoperoxidase staining technique demonstrated that, in the transformed cells of the bone marrow, much of the immunoglobulin was intracellular. In the peripheral blood the transformed cells had dense surface immunoglobulin and features of primitive T‐cells. These findings suggest that transformation to an immunoblastic type of leukemia had occurred.
Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice
Authors: Oksana Gavrilova, Bernice Marcus-Samuels, David Graham, Jason K. Kim, Gerald I. Shulman, Arthur L. Castle, Charles Vinson, Michael Eckhaus, Marc L. Reitman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

In lipoatrophic diabetes, a lack of fat is associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. This is in striking contrast to the usual association of diabetes with obesity. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we transplanted adipose tissue into A-ZIP/F-1 mice, which have a severe form of lipoatrophic diabetes. Transplantation of wild-type fat reversed the hyperglycemia, dramatically lowered insulin levels, and improved muscle insulin sensitivity, demonstrating that the diabetes in A-ZIP/F-1 mice is caused by the lack of adipose tissue. All aspects of the A-ZIP/F-1 phenotype including hyperphagia, hepatic steatosis, and somatomegaly were either partially or completely reversed. However, the improvement in triglyceride and FFA levels was modest. Donor fat taken from parametrial and subcutaneous sites was equally effective in reversing the phenotype. The beneficial effects of transplantation were dose dependent and required near-physiological amounts of transplanted fat. Transplantation of genetically modified fat into A-ZIP/F-1 mice is a new and powerful technique for studying adipose physiology and the metabolic and endocrine communication between adipose tissue and the rest of the body.
New Asthma Guidelines Released
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sural Nerve Sorbitol in Patients With Diabetic Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy
Authors: Vera Bril, Yoshiyuki Ono, Robert A. Buchanan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—Nerve sorbitol levels have been measured in sural nerve biopsy samples from patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in several studies using different methods and measurement units. In this study, we compared the results of sorbitol assays to determine the required sensitivity of analytical methods for nerve sorbitol measurements. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a literature search using PaperChase for reports of nerve sorbitol in diabetic patients and selected those with nerve conduction studies to delineate the severity of nerve damage. RESULTS—In patients who had undergone a nerve conduction study, the standardized nerve sorbitol levels were 0.034–0.300 nmol/mg wet nerve. CONCLUSIONS—Our results showed the level of sensitivity required in laboratory methodology to perform this assay in the target population and aid in the planning of clinical research trials of aldose reductase inhibitor agents.
A pilot study of the effect of mechanical ventilation and heat exchange on house‐dust mites and Der p 1 in New Zealand homes
Authors: J. Crane, I. Ellis, R. Siebers, D. Grimmet, S. Lewis, P. Fitzharris
Journal: Allergy (1998)

We have examined the effect of reducing relative humidity (RH), with inbuilt mechanical ventilation and heat‐exchange (MVHE) units, on house‐dust‐ mite (HDM) counts and allergen levels, in a pilot study of 10 Wellington dwellings. Recent international prevalence studies in adults and children have confirmed a high prevalence of asthma in New Zealand, Sensitivity to HDM is common among the general population, and HDM is the major allergen associated with asthma. Recent studies of allergen levels have confirmed high concentrations of Der p 1 in the domestic environment. While humidity was significantly reduced in those dwellings fitted with ventilation units, no systematic effect on mites or Der p 1 was observed during the study period. When the reductions in humidity were examined in the context of the time spent below the critical equilibrium humidity (CEH), the intervention led to RH values below the CEH for only 39% of the total of 24‐h periods for which measurements were made. Reducing RH by means of MVHE in New Zealand domestic dwellings does not lower humidity sufficiently, or long enough, to have any measurable effect on HDM populations.
Radioactive pollution exposed by low tide in France
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An exceptionally low tide off Cherbourg in Brittany has given Greenpeace the chance to show radioactive leakage from the Cogema reprocessing plant at La Hague.

About 20m of a pipe ejecting waste material 1.6 km out to sea became exposed, and brief testing with a Geiger counter showed high radioactivity. Greenpeace then asked the independent commission of research and information on radiation for …
The portal inflammatory infiltrate and ductular reaction in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Victoria L. Gadd, Richard Skoien, Elizabeth E. Powell, Kevin J. Fagan, Clay Winterford, Leigh Horsfall, Katharine Irvine, Andrew D. Clouston
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Although nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is conventionally assessed histologically for lobular features of inflammation, development of portal fibrosis appears to be associated with disease progression. We investigated the composition of the portal inflammatory infiltrate and its relationship to the ductular reaction (DR), a second portal phenomenon implicated in fibrogenesis. The portal inflammatory infiltrate may contribute directly to fibrogenesis as well as influence the fate of the DR hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), regulating the balance between liver repair and fibrosis. The presence of portal inflammation in NAFLD was strongly correlated with disease severity (fibrosis stage) and the DR. The portal infiltrate was characterized by immunostaining NAFLD liver biopsy sections (n = 33) for broad leukocyte subset markers (CD68, CD3, CD8, CD4, CD20, and neutrophil elastase) and selected inflammatory markers (matrix metalloproteinase 9 and interleukin [IL]-17). Cells expressing all markers examined were identified throughout the liver lobules and in portal tracts, although portal tracts were more densely populated (P < 0.01), and dominated by CD68+ macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes, at all stages of disease. An increase in portal macrophages in NAFLD patients with steatosis alone (P < 0.01) was the earliest change detected, even before elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL1B and TNF, in patients with early NASH (P < 0.05). Portal and periductal accumulation of all other cell types examined occurred in progressed NASH (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Knowledge of the complex cellular composition of the portal inflammatory infiltrate and HPC/DR niche in NAFLD will shape future functional studies to elucidate the contribution of portal inflammation to HPC differentiation and NAFLD pathogenesis. (Hepatology 2014;59:1393-1405)
THE OBJECTIONS TO PRESCRIBING MEDICINES OF UNKNOWN COMPOSITION.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

If the proposition contained in the foregoing terms were always presented so clearly and so directly there would be little room for discussion, as I think it will be generally conceded that the fact of the composition of a medicine being unknown would constitute in itself the most serious objection to its prescription by physicians. Nevertheless, I fear that many prescriptions are written daily for preparations concerning whose composition the prescriber is not in possession of such fulness of knowledge as is requisite for the most intelligent and most successful employment of the articles of the materiamedica. The modern manufacturing pharmacist has exhibited marked skill and ingenuity, worthy of a better cause, in concealing ignorance behind the mask of false knowledge. It has become the vogue for this enterprising individual, firm or corporation, to put forth products towhich he gives fanciful names, for which he claims elaborately described marvelous effects
Cryoreservation of alginate–fibrin beads involving bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells by vitrification
Authors: Gajadhar Bhakta, Kong Heng Lee, Raquel Magalhães, Feng Wen, Sok Siam Gouk, Dietmar W. Hutmacher, Lilia L. Kuleshova
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Acrokeratosis verruciformis (Hopf)—a clinical entity?
Authors: RANJIT K. PANJA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Acrokeratosis verruciformis (Hopf)—a clinical entity? Get access RANJIT K. PANJA RANJIT K. PANJA Department of Dermatology, Medical College & Hospitals, Calcutta, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 6, 1 June 1977, Pages 643–652, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb05209.x Published: 01 June 1977