tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biology of nitrogen oxides in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Jon O Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> S-adenosylmethionine lyase (SAMase) of bacteriophage T3 degrades the intracellular SAM pools of the host <i>E. coli</i> cells, thus inactivating a crucial metabolite involved in plethora of cellular functions, including DNA methylation. SAMase is the first viral protein expressed upon infection and its activity prevents methylation of the T3 genome. Maintenance of the phage genome in a fully unmethylated state has a profound effect on the infection strategy — it allows T3 to shift from a lytic infection under normal growth conditions to a transient lysogenic infection under glucose starvation. Using single-particle Cryo-EM and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that SAMase performs its function by not only degrading SAM, but also by interacting with and efficiently inhibiting the host’s methionine S-adenosyltransferase (MAT) — the enzyme that produces SAM. Specifically, SAMase triggers open-ended head-to-tail assembly of <i>E. coli</i> MAT into an unusual linear filamentous structure in which adjacent MAT tetramers are joined together by two SAMase dimers. Molecular dynamics simulations together with normal mode analyses suggest that the entrapment of MAT tetramers within filaments leads to an allosteric inhibition of MAT activity due to a shift to low-frequency high-amplitude active site-deforming modes. The amplification of uncorrelated motions between active site residues weakens MAT’s ability to withhold substrates, explaining the observed loss of function. We propose that the dual function of SAMase as an enzyme that degrades SAM and as an inhibitor of MAT activity has emerged to achieve an efficient depletion of the intracellular SAM pools. <h3>IMPORTANCE</h3> Self-assembly of enzymes into filamentous structures in response to specific metabolic cues has recently emerged as a widespread strategy of metabolic regulation. In many instances filamentation of metabolic enzymes occurs in response to starvation and leads to functional inactivation. Here, we report that bacteriophage T3 modulates the metabolism of the host <i>E. coli</i> cells by recruiting a similar strategy — silencing a central metabolic enzyme by subjecting it to phage-mediated polymerization. This observation points to an intriguing possibility that virus-induced polymerization of the host metabolic enzymes might be a common mechanism implemented by viruses to metabolically reprogram and subdue infected cells.
Malignancy of the Mind
Authors: Danielle Wallace
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Donor blood for neonatal exchange transfusion.
Authors: H Fiedler
Journal: BMJ (1978)

This was shown in the survey referred to earlier as well as in Dr Tomlin's study.With the routine use of ventilators the use of low-flow rebreathing systems with carbon dioxide absorption appears to be diminishing.The higher gas flows employed are adding to the pollution.In addition flowmeters and vaporisers often remain open in anaesthetic rooms long after the patient has gone back to the ward via the operating theatre.The problem of pollution is perhaps well recognised now.The current shortage of anaesthetists is putting more stress on the available people and perhaps forcing them to face the pollution for longer periods.It must be even more so in Birmingham!
Endocrinopathy Associated with Pineal Tumor
Authors: JULES B. PUSCHETT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The diagnosis of tumor of the pineal seems eminently likely when the following clinical picture is present: the patient is a male in his late teens or early twenties who gives clinical and laboratory evidence of combined anterior and posterior pituitary insufficiency; his skull X ray shows calcification in the pineal region, and air study identifies a mass lesion deforming the third ventricular shadow, with or without evidence of internal hydrocephalus. On the basis of the case histories of 5 patients studied by the authors as well as 11 case histories abstracted from the literature, we have concluded that this clinical picture, which often develops before the onset of central nervous system or ophthalmologic symptoms or signs, may occur more commonly than has previously been recognized. The recognition of tumor of the pineal at an early stage, when only the endocrine, and not its other, more ominous manifestations are present, would seem to carry important implications for prognosis and therapy.
Landry-Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Glenn R. Hodges
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The Landry-Guillain-Barré syndrome developed in a 19-year-old patient two weeks after the onset of a serologically proved<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>infection. The occurrence of the syndrome within one month of respiratory-tract infections is not uncommon, but the association with proved<i>M pneumoniae</i>infection is unusual. Respiratory failure, the most common fatal complication of the syndrome, developed in the patient. However, with adequate respiratory assistance during the acute phase, he recovered uneventfully.
Dilemmas in Diabetes
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1976)

As to reading, physicians come in three categories: those who labor in the vineyard, caring for patients as best they can with little time even for journals; those whose specialties permit occasional reading for pleasure, but far more for inquiry; and those in laboratories, who, although reading necessarily, break the frontiers and write for others. This book is for the middle man. Not long ago, eight experts, speaking at random, participated in a 2 1/2-day informal colloquy to ponder over the current state of diabetes. This small volume is the result. There is an introduction and a splendid historical perspective by Levine. Other topics and principal speakers are as follows: "The Nature of Diabetes" (Williams et al), "Glucagon and Other Hormones—A New Perspective" (Unger), and "Structural Aspects of Islet Cell Membranes" (Orci). A few nuggets: It is certain now that some viruses are capable of initiating diabetes without any genetic
Determination of right ventricular mass in humans and dogs with ultrafast cardiac computed tomography.
Authors: Z D Hajduczok, R M Weiss, W Stanford, M L Marcus
Journal: Circulation (1990)

There is currently no clinical approach to precisely measure right ventricular (RV) mass. We postulated that the radiological mode of ultrafast computed tomography (CT) of 3-mm-thick slices with 0.7-mm resolution would allow sufficient resolution to accurately estimate RV mass. Using this radiological mode, we serially imaged the entire right ventricle from apex to base, gated to end diastole, and applied Simpson's rule to calculate mass of the RV free wall. Thirteen mongrel dogs (weight, 6-30 kg) were studied. The free wall mass of the right ventricle was in the range of 12.0-47.5 g and averaged 35.4 +/- 3.7 g (mean +/- SEE). The correlation between RV mass estimated by ultrafast CT and actual RV mass was r equaling 0.85, SEE equaling 5.5 g, slope equaling 0.99, and gamma intercept equaling -1.8. Intraobserver and interobserver variability (r = 0.99 and r = 0.99, respectively) was excellent with a standard deviation (SD) equal to 1.5 and 1.8, respectively. The effect of variable RV preload (right atrial pressure, -5 to +20 mm Hg) on accuracy of RV mass measurements produced minimal error (SD = 3.6 g) in RV mass measurements. Seven normal young healthy men were also studied. The free wall mass of the right ventricle was in the range of 48.3-67.4 g and averaged 54.6 +/- 2.8 g (mean +/- SEE). The left ventricular to right ventricular (LV:RV) ratio averaged 3.2 +/- 0.2:1. These results are in agreement with human autopsy data in healthy males reporting mean RV mass equal to 46 g and an LV:RV ratio equal to 3.4:1. Because imaging every 3-mm slice from apex to base requires two contrast injections, we determined the accuracy of RV mass measurements if only every fourth 3-mm slice with interpolation was used. RV mass measurements using every slice or every fourth slice with interpolation were excellent (dogs, r = 0.99; humans, r = 0.97). It is concluded that high resolution CT imaging (3-mm tomograms) allows accurate measurements of RV mass. It is possible to add this stop-action mode of ultrafast CT, to previous CT studies, using every fourth tomographic slice for mass determinations and only one additional contrast injection of 40-60 ml. This should permit the study of progression and regression of RV mass in patients with various diseases.
Postoperative lead-related complications in patients with nonthoracotomy defibrillation lead systems
Authors: David Schwartzman, Nasaraiah Nallamothu, David J. Callans, Mark W. Preminger, Charles D. Gottlieb, Francis E. Marchlinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study sought to document postoperative complications attributable to nonthoracotomy defibrillation lead systems in a large cohort. The incidence of postoperative complications specifically associated with nonthoracotomy defibrillation lead sys. tems is unknown. Postoperative lead-related complications were evaluated in 170 patients with a nonthoracotomy defibrillation lead system who were followed up for a mean (±SD) of 17 ± 12 months. Each system incorporated one or more intravascular leads. In 117 patients (69%), the system incorporated a subcutaneous defibrillation patch. All implantations were performed in an operating room by cardiothoracic surgeons. Defibrillation thresholds were measured at implantation, before hospital discharge (mean 3 ± 2 days) and at 4 to 18 weeks after implantation. Patients were evaluated every 2 to 3 months after implantation or as indicated by clinical exigency. Twenty-seven patients (15.9%) were diagnosed with a lead-related complication that either extended the initial hospital period or led to a second hospital admission. Complications included endocardial lead or subcutaneous defibrillation patch dislodgment in eight patients (4.7%), which was diagnosed between 2 and 345 days after implantation; endocardial or subcutaneous patch lead fracture in six (3.5%), which was diagnosed between 53 and 600 days after implantation; subcutaneous patch mesh fracture in one, which was diagnosed at 150 days after implantation; subclavian vein thrombosis in three (1.8%), which was diagnosed at 2 to 50 days after implantation; and unacceptably elevated defibrillation threshold (within 5 J of maximal device output) in nine (5.3%), which was documented at one of the two postimplantation evaluations in eight patients or at the time of failure to terminate a spontaneous ventricular tachycardia in one. Seventeen of the 27 patients required reoperation for correction of their complication. In addition, system infection requiring complete explantation occurred in seven other patients (4.1%) at an interval from implantation ranging from 14 to 120 days. Postoperative complications related to a nonthoracotomy defibrillation lead system were common and frequently required reoperation for correction. The rate of system explantation due to infection was also significant. Postoperative defibrillation testing and vigilant outpatient follow-up evaluation are necessary to ensure normal lead function.
Fast computed tomography detection of coronary calcification in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Comparison with angiography in patients &lt; 50 years old.
Authors: J A Fallavollita, A S Brody, I L Bunnell, K Kumar, J M Canty
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The predominant cause of coronary artery calcification is atherosclerosis. Although fast x-ray computed tomography (CT) has been demonstrated to be a sensitive technique to detect coronary calcification, the increasing prevalence of calcification with age has been associated with a low specificity for identifying obstructive atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the specificity of this test would be improved in a younger patient population, making it more useful in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared fast CT-detected calcification with coronary angiography in 106 patients under the age of 50 years. Nonenhanced fast CT scans consisting of 20 contiguous 3-mm tomograms of the proximal coronary arteries were obtained during a single breath hold. A positive scan was defined as 4 contiguous voxels (&gt; or = 1 mm2) of density &gt; 130 Hounsfield units in the region of the epicardial coronary arteries. Calcification detected by fast CT had an 85% sensitivity to predict patients with significant coronary artery disease (&gt; or = 50% diameter stenosis), with a specificity of 45%. Although the sensitivity to detect multivessel disease was 94%, the sensitivity to detect single-vessel disease was 75%. Changing the threshold for defining a positive fast CT scan from 4 to 2 contiguous voxels produced a small improvement in sensitivity, to 88%, but reduced specificity to 36%. CONCLUSIONS Although the specificity to detect angiographically significant coronary disease with fast CT improves in a younger patient population, it continues to be relatively low. In contrast to older patient populations, a small but significant number of patients &lt; 50 years old with angiographically significant coronary artery disease do not have coronary calcification demonstrated by fast CT. Thus, caution should be used in excluding significant coronary artery disease on the basis of a negative fast CT study.
Occupational mortality among women in England and Wales.
Authors: E Roman, V Beral, H Inskip
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Occupational mortality in women who died in England and Wales from 1970 to 1972 was analysed. Many of the associations found were consistent with those that have been described for men, with high mortality ratios for cirrhosis in barmaids and publicans, for suicide in the medical and allied professions, and for respiratory disease in textile workers. Parity is a determinant of patterns of disease in working women, and the relative excess of cancer of the breast, ovary, and uterine body in professional and clerical workers probably reflected the high proportion of nulliparous women in these groups. Other associations may have reflected true occupational hazards; one observation requiring further attention was the high proportional mortality ratio for anaemia in textile and clothing workers. The description of the occupational mortality among women in England and Wales is hampered by the incomplete recording of information about women9s occupations at registration of death. As women now constitute 40% of the workforce, often have their own specific occupations, and possibly also have their own diseases related to specific occupations it is time for the registrar9s guidelines on the recording of women9s occupation--last reviewed at the beginning of this century--to be revised.
Degree of concordance between double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter study
Authors: R. Marmo, G. Rotondano, T. Casetti, G. Manes, F. Chilovi, T. Sprujevnik, M. Bianco, M. Brancaccio, V. Imbesi, S. Benvenuti, M. Pennazio
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de R. Marmo et al., pp. 915Endoscopy 2009; 41(07): 737-737DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306738
Recurrent Hyperparathyroidism from an Autotransplanted Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Murray F. Brennan, Edward M. Brown, Stephen J. Marx, Allen M. Spiegel, Arthur E. Broadus, John L. Doppman, Bruce Webber, Gerald D. Aurbach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

AUTOTRANSPLANTATION of human parathyroid tissue into the forearm prevents hypoparathyroidism after total removal of parathyroid tissue from the neck.1 , 2 This procedure has been principally applied at the time of first operation in patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure. Since the secondarily hyperplastic cells presumably retain normal functional capacity, a small autograft can restore approximately normal mineral homeostasis.1 2 3 4 This procedure could be applied to all forms of parathyroid hyperplasia,1 although concern has been expressed about the possible risk of recurrent or persistent disease.5 This report illustrates one possible long-term complication of autotransplantation using tissue with abnormal cellular function. We . . .
This Is the AMA
Authors: Russel B. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Thirty-four years ago, during my senior year in medical school, one of my professors published a book. It was called<i>Medicine at the Crossroads</i>.<sup>1</sup>One needs to read only to the second page of the "Foreword" to learn that it concerns the "crisis" in medical care, and that if the profession does not voluntarily mend its ways the government will take over. Apparently, in the view of some, my contemporaries and I have lived our entire professional careers, either stalled at the same crossroads, or impaled on the sharp point of a crisis, depending on one's choice of metaphors. Somehow or other, it hasn't really seemed that way. A 34-year-old volume on the socioeconomics of medicine is scarcely a source for currently valid statistics. How quaint it may seem is apparent from the fact that the high cost of medical care is equated to $4-a-day hospital rooms and to
HOW LONG IS SYPHILIS CONTAGIOUS?Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. D. THOMAS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Syphilis has as clear and well defined a clinical history as characterizes the other contagious or infectious diseases. That the disease is due to a microbe is partially established, and the analogy that exists between syphilis and other diseases where germs are demonstrated as causative is so marked that there is little room for doubt. Some of the zymotic diseases are acute in their invasion and rapid in their career, while others are chronic. We may cite as extremes of this comparison, roëtheln and the disease under consideration. If roëtheln runs its course in comparatively a few hours he who would diagnosticate an eruption of ten days' duration as roëtheln would be a poor diagnostician indeed. All germ diseases run a certain period, and that period is individual or peculiar to each, after which convalescence takes place, or there follows certain sequelæ. These sequelæ are due to an alteration in
What Is the Optimal Regimen for BCG Intravesical Therapy?
Authors: A.R. Zlotta, J.P. Van Vooren, K. Huygen, A. Drowart, M. Decock, M. Pirson, F. Jurion, K. Palfliet, O. Denis, J. Simon, C.C. Schulman
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Physical Activity and Osteoporotic Fracture Risk in Older Women
Authors: Edward W. Gregg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Physical activity has been related to enhanced bone mass and improved physical functioning and thus may reduce the risk for osteoporotic fracture. Objective: To determine whether higher levels of physical activity are related to lower incidence of hip, wrist, and vertebral fractures. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four clinical centers in Baltimore, Maryland; Portland, Oregon; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania. Participants: 9704 nonblack women 65 years of age or older. Measurements: Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire at baseline. Hip and wrist fractures were followed for an average of 7.6 years. The incidence of vertebral fracture was determined morphometrically by using radiography at baseline and an average of 3.7 years later. Results: Higher levels of leisure time, sport activity, and household chores and fewer hours of sitting daily were associated with a significantly reduced relative risk for hip fracture after adjustment for age, dietary factors, falls at baseline, and functional and health status. Very active women (fourth and fifth quintiles) had a statistically significant 36% reduction in hip fractures (relative risk, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.89]) compared with the least active women (lowest quintile). The intensity of physical activity was also related to fracture risk: Moderately to vigorously active women had statistically significant reductions of 42% and 33% in risk for hip and vertebral fractures, respectively, compared with inactive women. Total physical activity, hours of household chores per day, and hours of sitting per day were not significantly associated with wrist or vertebral fractures. Conclusions: Among older community-dwelling women, physical activity is associated with a reduced risk for hip fracture but not wrist or vertebral fracture.
Effects of Changes in Dietary Lipids on Intestinal Fluid Loss in the Short-Bowel Syndrome
Authors: WlESLAW BOCHENEK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Seven patients underwent massive intestinal resection. Fecal losses of water and electrolytes were life threatening in four patients, who required constant or repeated intravenous replacement. All patients received symptomatic treatment and vitamin replacement. Lowering the amount of dietary fat, bile salt replacement, and supplementation of diet with micellar fat were ineffective. A regimen consisting of 50 to 75% replacement of dietary long-chain fat with medium-chain triglyceride proved beneficial, leading to gradual decline in fecal loss of water and electrolytes and great improvement in nutritional status. Gastric secretory studies showed minimal increase in basal and 12-hr overnight acid output in two patients and no increase in maximal acid output. Pyloroplasty and vagotomy attempted in one patient and directed toward reduction of gastric secretion proved disastrous. Such treatment should be reserved for patients demonstrating massive gastric hypersecretion unresponsive to medical management, and a conservative program should be followed.
Presence of perineuritis in a case of papular purpuric gloves and socks syndrome associated with mononeuritis multiplex attributable to B19 parvovirus
Authors: Miguel Aguilar-Bernier, Julio Bassas-Vila, José Ignacio Torné-Gutiérrez, Gerardo Martínez-García, Henar Aragoneses-Fraile, Alberto Miranda-Romero
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)