tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3993: Characterisation of early ovarian cancer biomarkers
Authors: Katie L. Meehan, Adam Rainczuk, Nicole Fairweather, Andrew Stephens
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Around 22,000 new cases and 15,500 deaths from ovarian cancer are expected in the US in 2008, and currently women run an estimated 1/67 risk of developing ovarian cancer during their lifetime. Approximately 70% of patients present with late stage disease (stages III - IV; FIGO classification) and have a poor prognosis, with only a ∼30% 5 year survival rate. By contrast, patients diagnosed with early (stage I) disease exhibit survival rates above 90%, with disease often cured by surgery alone. The key issue is that early detection is hampered by a lack of sensitive and specific markers. The aim of this ongoing study was to apply 8-plex isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) for the proteomic investigation for early stage markers of ovarian cancer. Plasma was collected from patients and pooled as follows: G1-early stage cancers (stage I/II), G2-late stage cancers (stage III), G3-ascites fluid, G4-benign adenomas, G5-benign adenofibromas, G6-controls and G7-pool of all samples. Pooled patient samples were immuno-depleted of 12 abundant, disease-unrelated proteins and concentrated using reverse phase chromatography. Equal protein concentrations of each of the 7 pools were reduced, denatured, alkylated and digested using trypsin. Peptides from G1 through G7 were labelled with iTRAQ labels −113 to −119 respectively. Samples were combined and analysed using two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) and mass spectrometry (4700 MALDI-TOF/TOF or QStar Elite, Applied Biosystems). Data were analysed using Protein Pilot (version 3.0, Applied Biosystems). Initial studies have identified 111 proteins with quantitation of 71 proteins, including numerous proteins that have been patented as candidate early markers for ovarian cancer. Of those identified, many are involved in inflammation/immunity and coagulation. Of considerable interest was the quantitative identification of numerous low abundance proteins not previously associated with early stage ovarian cancer. This proteome analysis has generated a catalogue of proteins that display potential as early markers for ovarian cancer. In addition, this study will assist in our understanding of the pathways potentially involved in the onset and progression of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3993.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with use of contaminated medicaments.
Authors: R M Baird, R A Shooter
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from three hospital-prepared medicaments being used on the wards. Sixty-six patients were studied to observe the effect of using these contaminated medicaments. Psaeruginosa was recovered from 29 patients; in five the strains recovered bore a close resemblance to strains previously isolated from the contaminated medicaments.
IL-6 is produced by splenocytes derived from CMV-infected mice in response to CMV antigens, and induces MCP-1 production by endothelial cells: A new mechanistic paradigm for infection-induced atherogenesis
Authors: David Rott, Jianhui Zhu, Mary Susan Burnett, Yi Fu Zhou, Alexandra Zalles-Ganley, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Increases in Waist Circumference and Weight As Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes in Individuals With Impaired Fasting Glucose: Influence of Baseline BMI
Authors: Alain Gautier, Ronan Roussel, Pierre H. Ducluzeau, Céline Lange, Sylviane Vol, Beverley Balkau, Fabrice Bonnet
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) the relative importance of increases in waist circumference and weight on progression to type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The 9-year incidence of diabetes was studied in 979 men and women with baseline IFG, from the Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR) cohort. RESULTS Increases in both waist circumference and weight were significantly associated with diabetes incidence. Standardized odds ratios (95% CI) were 1.79 (1.45–2.21) and 1.86 (1.51–2.30), respectively, after controlling for baseline risk factors. The impact of waist circumference increase was greater for BMI &amp;lt;25 kg/m2 (2.40 [1.63–3.52]) than for BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (1.66 [1.28–2.16]) and persisted after adjusting for concurrent changes in either insulinemia or the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Weight change had a similar impact in both BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS In individuals with IFG, it is important to monitor and prevent increases in waist circumference, in particular for those with BMI &amp;lt;25 kg/m2.
Prevalence of communicable diseases.
Authors: W Kershaw
Journal: BMJ (1977)

susceptible to obstruction as a result of lymnphoid hyperplasia until involution of this lymphoid tissue occurs.This relationship would account for the characteristic age distribution of acute appendicitis.On this basis lymphoid hyperplasia occurring during viral exanthemata and bacterial infections could lead to appendicitis.However, one study has shown that there is no greater incidence of acute appendicitis in children with these infections than there is in children who are otherwise well."An alternative explanation is that obstruction is due to muscular spasm in the appendix associated with a low-fibre diet, as is thought to occur in the colon, and this would account for the geographical distribution of the disease.
Alcohol Injection for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Arthur Ecker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An article in MEDICAL NEWS (230:652, 1974) states: "Some patients [with trigeminal neuralgia] are helped by the injection of neurotoxic agents, such as alcohol, into the gasserian ganglion, but this is dangerous." In fact, by use of precise radiography, miniscule amounts of absolute alcohol, and careful sensory testing, we have so treated 309 consecutive patients with drug-resistant tic douloureux over a period of 20 years, without a death, permanent masticator muscle paralysis, or other permanent major complication. In the entire series, there were 12 cases (4%) of keratitis, and the lowest final visual acuity was 20/60, in a single case. We recently reported in detail the long-term efficacy of our method in a consecutive series of 42 patients, each of whom was followed up for eight to ten years. (<i>NY State J Med</i>74:1586-1592, 1974).
Abstract 3244: Supplementation with selenium-enriched yeast but not selenomethionine reduces oxidative stress in healthy men in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Matt G. Kaag, John P. Richie, Arun Das, Ana Calcagnotto, Raghu Sinha, Wanda Neidig, Jiangang Liao, Eugene J. Lengreich, Arthur Berg, Terryl J. Hartman, Amy Ciccarella, Aaron Baker, Telih Boyiri, Susan Goodin, Robert S. DiPaola, Karam El-Bayoumy
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epidemiological and laboratory studies indicate that dietary selenium is protective against prostate cancer. Results from clinical trials suggest that selenium-enriched yeast (SY) but not selenomethionine (SeMet) may be effective at reducing prostate cancer risk. Our objectives were to directly compare for the first time the effects of SeMet and SY on prostate cancer relevant biomarkers in men. We performed a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled trial of SY (200 or 285 μg/day) and SeMet (200 μg/day) administered for 9 months in 69 healthy adult males. Biomarkers including blood selenium, glucose, PSA and glutathione (GSH) and urine 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) were measured at baseline and various times thereafter. Compliance was high in all groups (&amp;gt;95%). Plasma selenium levels were increased 93%, 54%, and 86% after 9 months in the SeMet and low and high dose SY groups, respectively, and returned to baseline levels after a 3 month washout (P&amp;lt;0.05). Urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress, 8-OHdG and 8-iso-PGF2α, were decreased 34% and 28%, respectively, after 9 months in the high dose SY group (P&amp;lt;0.05). Decreases in oxidative stress biomarkers were greatest in individuals with low baseline plasma levels of selenium (&amp;lt;127 ng/ml). No changes in serum PSA or blood glucose and GSH were observed. We showed for the first time reductions in biomarkers of oxidative stress following supplementation with SY but not SeMet in healthy men. These findings suggest that selenium-containing compounds other than SeMet may be responsible for the decrease in oxidative stress and possibly cancer risk. This work was supported a National Cancer Institute grant (R01CA127729). Citation Format: Matt G. Kaag, John P. Richie, Arun Das, Ana Calcagnotto, Raghu Sinha, Wanda Neidig, Jiangang Liao, Eugene J. Lengreich, Arthur Berg, Terryl J. Hartman, Amy Ciccarella, Aaron Baker, Telih Boyiri, Susan Goodin, Robert S. DiPaola, Karam El-Bayoumy. Supplementation with selenium-enriched yeast but not selenomethionine reduces oxidative stress in healthy men in a randomized clinical trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3244. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3244
Frequent and Widespread Parallel Evolution of Protein Sequences
Authors: A. Rokas, S. B. Carroll
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Understanding the patterns and causes of protein sequence evolution is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. One of the critical unresolved issues is the relative contribution of selection and genetic drift to the fixation of amino acid sequence differences between species. Molecular homoplasy, the independent evolution of the same amino acids at orthologous sites in different taxa, is one potential signature of selection; however, relatively little is known about its prevalence in eukaryotic proteomes. To quantify the extent and type of homoplasy among evolving proteins, we used phylogenetic methodology to analyze 8 genome-scale data matrices from clades of different evolutionary depths that span the eukaryotic tree of life. We found that the frequency of homoplastic amino acid substitutions in eukaryotic proteins was more than 2-fold higher than expected under neutral models of protein evolution. The overwhelming majority of homoplastic substitutions were parallelisms that involved the most frequently exchanged amino acids with similar physicochemical properties and that could be reached by a single-mutational step. We conclude that the role of homoplasy in shaping the protein record is much larger than generally assumed, and we suggest that its high frequency can be explained by both weak positive selection for certain substitutions and purifying selection that constrains substitutions to a small number of functionally equivalent amino acids.
Making the most of self citation
Authors: P. J Morrison
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Prescribing antidepressants in general practiceWhat is an effective dose?Editor-What should be the advised dosage of a tricyclic antidepressant for major depression?In his editorial Tony Kendrick quotes a recommended dose of a typical tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, as 125 mg daily. 1 This dosage is at the higher end of the range of dosages quoted for all tricyclic antidepressants in the British National Formulary.If followed it would have major implications for the prescribing habits of general practitioners.The recommended dosage for amitriptyline for major depression is quoted from a consensus statement published in the BMJ in 1992. 2 The source of this recommendation is a double blind placebo controlled trial of amitriptyline among depressed patients in general practice. 3 In this trial patients given the active drug received amitriptyline 75 mg daily by the end of the first week, amitriptyline 100 mg during the second week, and amitriptyline 125-175 mg, depending on improvement, during the remaining four weeks of the study.The median dose of amitriptyline given over the six week study period was 125 mg.It is the median tolerated dose.Figure 1 in the paper by Hollyman et al clearly shows a response to treatment in the first two weeks, when the lower dose of amitriptyline was given. 3 Kendrick discusses the results of several investigations into the effectiveness of antidepressants at different dosages.Similar investigations have been used to develop the dose range of every prescribable antidepressantfor example, Kerihuel and Dreyfus reviewed 34 randomised clinical trials of lofepramine. 4 In the papers reviewed the concentration of lofepramine giving a clinical response ranged from 105 mg to 210 mg, which is equivalent to 75-150 mg amitriptyline.The principle that more severe cases of major depression require higher doses of antidepressants is also valid.It also holds true for newer selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.For example, a study of prescribing patterns across 23 381 prescriptions shows that a prescription for higher than the initial dose was required in 6.8% of patients taking fluoxetine, 21.1% of patients taking paroxetine, and 51% of patients taking sertraline. 5
Faking happiness at work can make you ill
Authors: Katy Duke
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Being forced to appear happy at work seems to cause health problems ranging from depression to cardiovascular conditions, ongoing research in Germany has shown.

Psychologists working at the University of Frankfurt am Main have been looking at jobs that demand a high level of “fake happiness.”

Dieter Zapf, the chairman of the work and organisational psychology department at the university, and his team set up a fake railway customer complaints call centre and asked 80 university students to take part in experiments while acting as staff. Half of the group were told that they could verbally defend themselves against …
Advancement of Men and Women in Medical Academia
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  I read the article by Wallis et al Advancement of Men and Women in Medical Academia: A Pilot Study (1981;246:2351) and the accompanying editorial by Marlys H. Witte, MD (1981;246:2356). My interest stems from personal involvement as a female physician who meets Dr Witte's and my own university's criteria for academic advancement, yet who has been denied tenure by being promoted to associate professor without tenure (and being placed in a nontenured track). Tabulations of years until promotion and academic rank without mention of tenure status are inadequate. Therefore, the data presented by Wallis et al cannot and do not fully reflect the discrimination that women medical academicians face.  Moreover, despite numerous reports of the inequities in academic medicine, there are none that deal with the dearth of means to redress the grievances of faculty women. I would suggest that the latter, too, is a problem worthy
Abstract 735: Synthesis of substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines as anticancer agents
Authors: Kinfe Ken Redda, Madhavi NA Gangapuram, Tiffany W. Ardley
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety is commonly found in biologically active molecules of either natural or synthetic origin, making its derivatives excellent candidates as potential pharmaceutical agents. The tetraydroisoquinoline family of alkaloids includes potent cytotoxic agents that display a range of biological properties such as antitumor and antimicrobial activities studied thoroughly over the past 25 years, starting with the isolation of naphthyridinomycin in 1974. 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1-MeTIQ) is considered to be a possible endogenous anti-parkinsonism agent that is present in the mouse, rat, monkey and human brain. Therefore, the discovery of novel and safer anticancer drugs represents a challenging goal for our research program. In the current investigation, we synthesized a few analogs maintaining the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety with modifications on the phenyl ring by introducing groups with various electronic, steric and lipophilic properties. The starting material, 2-aminoisoquinoliniumiodide was obtained by the reaction of hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid, water, and isoquinoline after heating at 90 oC for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, potassium carbonate added, and the water was evaporated. Ethanol was added to the solid residue and the insoluble potassium sulfate was filtered out. Hydroiodic acid was added to the filtrate, and the resulting solution was placed in a freezer for overnight. The precipitate was filtered out, washed with ethanol, and dried in vacuo. The crude product was used for the next step without further purification. Reaction of the 2-aminoisoquinoliniumiodide with substituted benzoyl chlorides/benzenesulfonyl chlorides in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran containing triethylamine gave stable benzoyl/benzenesulfonyl imino ylides. This was followed by reduction with sodium borohydride in absolute ethanol, which furnished the target compounds, 1-(substituted benzoyl/benzenesulfonylamino)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines. These compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti cancer activity on MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Ishikawa breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity activities of the compounds were tested using tomaxifen as a control. The 1-benzoyl amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline showed most potent cytotoxicity with an IC50 values 0.23, 0.63, 0.74 µg/mL on Ishikawa, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively. This research was supported by NIH/RCMI Grant # G12 RR03020 and Pharmaceutical Research Center NIH/NCRR Grant 1 C06 RR12512-01. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 735.
Identification of naturally processed T cell epitopes from glutamic acid decarboxylase presented in the context of HLA-DR alleles by T lymphocytes of recent onset IDDM patients.
Authors: J Endl, H Otto, G Jung, B Dreisbusch, F Donie, P Stahl, R Elbracht, G Schmitz, E Meinl, M Hummel, A G Ziegler, R Wank, D J Schendel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) has been defined as a major target antigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). To identify the molecular ligands triggering a T cell response to GAD, a panel of human GAD65-specific T lymphocyte lines was generated from peripheral blood of three recent onset IDDM patients. All lines derived from a patient expressing the high-risk-conferring HLA-DR*0301/ *0401 haplotypes recognized a single epitope localized between amino acid positions 270 and 283 of GAD65, a stretch that is located in close proximity to the homology region shared with Coxsackie virus P2-C protein. All lines with this specificity were restricted to the DRA, B1*0401 product of the DR4 haplotype. Analysis of the GAD-specific T cell response in a second patient homozygous for DR4 haplotypes demonstrated that the same DRA, B1*0401 allele selected T cells specific for a different determinant. The T cell response profile in a third patient showed that DR*1501/ *1601-encoding haplotypes could present at least three different epitopes to GAD65-specific T lymphocytes. One of these epitopes was presented by a DR allele associated with the resistance-conferring DRB1*1501 haplotype. GAD-specific T cell lines could not be isolated from HLA class II-matched normal individuals. Our data reveal that (a) the T cell response to GAD65 is quite heterogenous in recent onset IDDM patients; (b) HLA-DR, not DQ, seems to be the principal restriction element used by T cells present at the onset of the disease; and (c) T cells responding to epitopes containing identical sequences to Coxsackie virus P2-C protein were not detected.
THE EFFECT OF GLUTAMIC ACID UPON THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL GROWTH OF MONGOLS
Authors: FREDERIC T. ZIMMERMAN, BESSIE B. BURGEMEISTER, TRACY J. PUTNAM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

1. Glutamic acid accelerates both mental and physical growth in mongols. 2. Improvement in mental growth, while genuine, is not as great as in nonmongoloid retardation. 3. Improvement in physical growth, however, is striking over a 6 months' treatment period.
Alcoholism in Private Practice
Authors: H. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1874)

mother; during our journey, he entered most fully into the history of his mother's illness, detailing all her symptoms, but did not let drop one word about habits of drinking.On my arrival at the patient's house, the nature of the case was but too evident ; the lady was dying of drink; but I got no hint of the real cause, until I made inquiry from my colleague after the examination was ended.In anotlher case, in which the an-:xiety of the parents about their daughter was excessive, and was also justified by her death, I pail my first visit without re- ceiving informationi on this subject from anyone with whom I came into communication ; it was only when I poinitedly sugaested a possible cause for incontrollable vomiting at my second visit that a free admis- sion was made by my colleague, who had been restrained from offering anly commuinicationi to me by the absolute horror oni the part of the parenits of anly referenice being made to the fact of their dauglhter havinc aided herself to enidure a husband's neglect by the sustaining power of stimulaiits.
Safety and efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell collection from mobilized peripheral blood in unrelated volunteers: 12 years of single-center experience in 3928 donors
Authors: Kristina Hölig, Michael Kramer, Frank Kroschinsky, Martin Bornhäuser, Thilo Mengling, Alexander H. Schmidt, Claudia Rutt, Gerhard Ehninger
Journal: Blood (2009)
Glucocorticoid-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Alan S. Krasner
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Comparison of lung injury after normal or small volume optimized resuscitation in a model of hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Antoine Roch, Dorothée Blayac, Patrice Ramiara, Bruno Chetaille, Valérie Marin, Pierre Michelet, Dominique Lambert, Laurent Papazian, Jean-Pierre Auffray, Jean-Pierre Carpentier
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)