tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bile acids trigger cholemic nephropathy in common bile-duct-ligated mice
Authors: Peter Fickert, Elisabeth Krones, Marion J. Pollheimer, Andrea Thueringer, Tarek Moustafa, Dagmar Silbert, Emina Halilbasic, Min Yang, Hartmut Jaeschke, Geurt Stokman, Rebecca G. Wells, Kathrin Eller, Alexander R. Rosenkranz, Gosta Eggertsen, Carsten A. Wagner, Cord Langner, Helmut Denk, Michael Trauner
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Tubular epithelial injury represents an underestimated but important cause of renal dysfunction in patients with cholestasis and advanced liver disease, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To address the hypothesis that accumulation and excessive alternative urinary elimination of potentially toxic bile acids (BAs) may contribute to kidney injury in cholestasis, we established a mouse model for detailed in vivo time course as well as treatment studies. Three-day common bile duct ligation (CBDL) induced renal tubular epithelial injury predominantly at the level of aquaporin 2-positive collecting ducts with tubular epithelial and basement membrane defects. This was followed by progressive interstitial nephritis and tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis in 3-, 6-, and 8-week CBDL mice. Farnesoid X receptor knockout mice (with a hydrophilic BA pool) were completely protected from CBDL-induced renal fibrosis. Prefeeding of hydrophilic norursodeoxycholic acid inhibited renal tubular epithelial injury in CBDL mice. In addition, we provide evidence for renal tubular injury in cholestatic patients with cholemic nephropathy.We characterized a novel in vivo model for cholemic nephropathy, which offers new perspectives to study the complex pathophysiology of this condition. Our findings suggest that urinary-excreted toxic BAs represent a pivotal trigger for renal tubular epithelial injury leading to cholemic nephropathy in CBDL mice.
A Cancer-Associated Galactosyltransferase Isoenzyme
Authors: Daniel K. Podolsky, Milton M. Weiser, Kurt J. Isselbacher, Alfred M. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE has been studied in human serum, and early reports failed to demonstrate an elevation of total serum galactosyltransferase in malignant disease.1 , 2 Subsequent electrophoretic studies from this laboratory revealed that, although the majority of the serum enzyme runs as a single broad peak on polyacrylamide gels, serum specimens from patients with cancer contain a second and electrophoretically distinct isoenzyme, referred to as galactosyltransferase isoenzyme II (or GT-II).3 , 4 In this report these initial findings are extended, and we present results on 387 patients with malignant and nonmalignant disorders, confirming the correlation of GT-II with cancer.Materials and MethodsPatient MaterialSerum . . .
Selective eradication of tumor vascular pericytes by peptide-conjugated nanoparticles for antiangiogenic therapy of melanoma lung metastasis
Authors: Ying-Yun Guan, Xin Luan, Jian-Rong Xu, Ya-Rong Liu, Qin Lu, Chao Wang, Hai-Jun Liu, Yun-Ge Gao, Hong-Zhuan Chen, Chao Fang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN RELATION TO MENTAL DISORDERS
Authors: F. W. Mott
Journal: BMJ (1922)

for the honour they have done me in asking me to give this address upon the reproductive organs in relation to mental disorders, a subject to which I have recently given much' attention.Before proceeding to discuss' the facts beariag' upon this subject let me call attention to the inborn characters' of mind in relation to personality.The Inborn Charecte"rs of Mind.The furniture of the mind is the meniory store of our experiences and the bonds that unite them.The quantity and quality of the farniture of thq mind depend firstly upon the inborn germinal raw material begotten with the body and derived from species, sex, race, and ancestry, giving each individual a special predetermined plasticity to receive and store impressions and react to them.This raw material of inlieritance upon which psycho-physical energy, durability, educability, imagination, temper, emotivity, moral and aesthetic sense-personality, in fact-so largely depend, is inborn.These fundamentals of mind are begotten with the body and predetermine character and conduct, as was clearly.proved by Francis Galton's inquiry into the history of similar and dissimilar twins, whiclh proved that dissimilar twins remained dissimilar in mental and bodily characters when brought up in the same environment, while similar twins brought up in different environment remained similar in.mental and bodily characters.Thiis is a convincing proof of the fact that the organic basis upon which the quality of tlle mind depends is begptten witlh the body.If inborn good qualities are deficient or absent tllere will be, in spite of favourable environment after birtb, intellectual, aestlhetic, or moral feeble-mindedness of various forms and gradations.Again, if there be inherited a disproportion and a lack of hatmony and integration of the inborn factors of the raw material upon which mentality is based, an unbalanced mind is likely to develop whichl will show itself in various de- partures in conduct from that of the normal stable individual: it may be in the form of eccentricity, mysticism, fanaticism; or the psychoneuroses-for example, hysteria, neurasthenia, psychasthenia, epilepsy, megrim; or the psychoses (tlle true insanities)-amentia, confusional or toxic psychoses, dementia praecox, manic depressive or periodic insanity, dementia preseuilis, and involutional melanclholia, as distinct from acquired organic brain disease1 such as general paralysis of the insane.
Dying Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kathy Faber-Langendoen, Paul N. Lanken
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters18 December 2001Dying Patients in the Intensive Care UnitKathy Faber-Langendoen, MD and Paul N. Lanken, MDKathy Faber-Langendoen, MDState University of New York Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY 13210University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this author and Paul N. Lanken, MDState University of New York Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY 13210University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-12-200112180-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Workman's attention to the language used in describing the case in our paper. We agree that clarity and specificity in communicating with families are essential. The case narrative, however, was not intended to fully detail all of the conversations; rather, it focused on the process of forgoing treatment while maintaining care. A separate article in this series details the importance of and strategies for communication in palliative and end-of-life care (1), and we recommend it to Annals readers.Reference1. Lo B, Quill T, Tulsky J. Discussing palliative care with patients. ACP-ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:744-9. [PMID: 10357694] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York Upstate Medical University; Syracuse, NY 13210University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoDiscussing Palliative Care with Patients Bernard Lo , Timothy Quill , James Tulsky , and Dying Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Forgoing Treatment, Maintaining Care Kathy Faber-Langendoen and Paul N. Lanken Dying Patients in the Intensive Care Unit Stephen Workman Metrics Cited ByPalliative Care in the Intensive Care UnitPalliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit 18 December 2001Volume 135, Issue 12Page: 1092KeywordsIntensive care unitsSpecificity ePublished: 18 December 2001 Issue Published: 18 December 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
P239 Radiation exposure in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: P. Milburn-McNulty, D. Nazareth, M. Ledson, J. Greenwood, M. J. Walshaw
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with CF can expect to undergo many investigations using ionising radiation for the management of their disease: now that the majority of patients will survive well into their 5th decade, life-time exposure to such radiation, a known risk factor for the development of malignancy, may be important. To investigate this further, we looked at the amount of ionising radiation given in our adult CF clinic over a 1-year period. <h3>Methods</h3> All imaging studies associated with ionising radiation in 253 adult CF patients were reviewed and assessed for their impact on management. Radiation was calculated using standard reference doses1–3 and expressed as (milliSievert [mSv]), also referred to as the effective dose. <h3>Results</h3> A summary of the results can be found in the Abstract P239 table 1. There was an average annual radiation dose of 1.66 mSv with 54% of studies leading to a change in management. Overall, although only 11% of chest x-rays altered patient management, patients with more severe CF disease (DIOS, CFRD and infection with transmissible Pseudomonas strains) had a greater cumulative radiation dose and this was more likely to alter management. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although the CF population receives a significant dose of radiation from medical investigations each year, many impact on patient management. CFRD, DIOS and infection with transmissible Pseudomonas are associated with greater levels of radiation than the average CF population, in keeping with more significant disease burden in these individuals. Care should be taken when ordering investigations associated with ionising radiation, to reduce the long term effects, as life expectancy is increasing.
Determining the Prevalence of Mites in Kindergartens and Children's Room in Bogota
Authors: Gustavo Cuadros, Maria M. Olivares, Libardo Renteria, Javier PeÑuela, Nidia Garzon, David Rodriguez, Enrique Fernandez-Caldas, Camila Marquez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Unravelling the evolution of autumn colours: an interdisciplinary approach
Authors: Marco Archetti, Thomas F. Döring, Snorre B. Hagen, Nicole M. Hughes, Simon R. Leather, David W. Lee, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Yiannis Manetas, Helen J. Ougham, Paul G. Schaberg, Howard Thomas
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1): A multifunctional regulator of normal and abnormal physiology
Authors: Byoung Kwon Yoo, Luni Emdad, Seok-Geun Lee, Zao-zhong Su, Prasanna Santhekadur, Dong Chen, Rachel Gredler, Paul B. Fisher, Devanand Sarkar
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011)
Economic Incentives of Faculty Practice
Authors: Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: JAMA (1983)

MANY factors influence what medical schools, teaching hospitals, and clinical faculty do. As in every sphere of human activity, however, economic incentives are important determinants.<sup>1-3</sup>After World War II, a major economic incentive for medical schools was emerging federal largesse in support of biomedical research. Since the 1960s, however, a growing economic incentive has been revenue from patient care by full-time clinical faculty. Growing public support of medical research has had a profound and mostly positive influence on the financing of medical schools, the number and interests of faculty, and the education and training of young physicians.<sup>4,5</sup>While this research support expanded the number of full-time medical school faculty, it also progressively reduced the proportion of physicians in private practice who contributed to patient care and training programs. It changed faculty attitudes toward medical schools by causing them to identify more with extramural funding sources than with their
Expression and a role of HGF activator inhibitor type-1 (HAI-1) in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: K. Nagata, A. Ido, H. Kataoka, A. Moriuchi, M. Onaga, T. Hori, S. Hirono, K. Hayashi, H. Tsubouchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
The government's initiative may be stillborn
Authors: M. Frazer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In one of the numerous documents I have received on the NHS white paper for England I read the following: “Clinical governance encompasses all the processes needed to achieve the highest quality clinical practice possible within available resources.”

The last subordinate clause of that sentence is a killer and holds within it the reason this initiative may well be stillborn. In order to achieve the “highest quality of clinical practice” I need certain things.

I need good quality information. l want this from a source I trust and respect. It should be easy to assimilate and have realistic goals. It also needs to address a commonly encountered clinical scenario. Local sources are best, preferably from someone occupying a similar post in a similar hospital to my own. I will look with the utmost cynicism on poorly written reports or recommendations handed down from ivory towers concerning diseases I hardly knew existed. Does anyone know whether this good quality information exists? In obstetrics and gynaecology it is quite hard to find data of sufficiently high quality to help …
Sulindac and Renal Failure
Authors: Paul D. Mitnick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We applaud Bunning and Barth's attempt to identify a nonnephrotoxic, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) in sulindac (1982;248:2864), but we believe their conclusion may be premature. First, serious NSAID-induced azotemia was not conclusively demonstrated in all cases. In case 1, the patient's uric acid level dropped from 14.1 mg/dL to 9.9 mg/dL after initiation of hydrochlorothiazide therapy for control of mild hypertension. This suggests either the presence of serious volume depletion on admission to the hospital (corrected during the first few days of admission) or the imposition of a uricosuric factor such as dye administered during this patient's computed tomographic scan (or both); either one or the combination could have contributed to the azotemia. In addition, since methyldopa had to be added to the patient's regimen to bring diastolic BP down to the 90 to 100 mm Hg range, it is hard to imagine that the patient's BP
Pulmonary Thromboembolism — Update-Reply
Authors: Manuel Viamonte
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  This is to clarify the statement we made that anticoagulation  be unnecessary in patients with minimal PTE who have unimpaired ventilation, no antecedent pulmonary parenchymal disease, a normal heart, and no peripheral venopathy. We were referring to women receiving anticonceptive pills in whom an episode of minimal, acute PTE may develop, to patients who have catheters, in which thrombi at the tip of the catheter have become dislodged and the patient has experienced acute chest pain from iatrogenic pulmonary thromboembolism, and to patients who have had transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices with autogenous blood clots, and some of the clots have migrated into the pulmonary circulation and also cause iatrogenic embolism. In such situations the risk of reembolization is negligible, and, consequently, anticoagulation should not be necessary. In fact, we agree that, in general, IV administration of heparin is recommended whenever pulmonary thromboembolism is suspected. However, as
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery Has Variable Effects on Blood Gases in Patients with Emphysema
Authors: RICHARD K. ALBERT, JOSHUA O. BENDITT, JACK HILDEBRANDT, DOUGLAS E. WOOD, MICHAEL P. HLASTALA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Most studies of bilateral lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) report increases in arterial oxygenation (PaO2 ). Some suggest this results from an increased alveolar ventilation, but others imply that ventilation–perfusion heterogeneity is reduced. We measured arterial blood gases (ABGs) on air before and 3 mo following LVRS in 46 patients (61% of eligible patients), estimate the difference between alveolar and arterial O2 (aaPo 2), and correlated the changes observed with preoperative ABGs, and with pre-and postoperative pulmonary function. The mean ± SD change in PaO2 and aaPo 2 was + 3 ± 10 mm Hg (p = 0.058) and + 1 ± 11 mm Hg (p = NS), respectively, and the range of change was large ( − 17 to + 29 mm Hg and − 24 to + 23 mm Hg, respectively). The mean change in PaCO2 was − 3 ± 5 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and ranged from − 11 to + 5 mm Hg. Changes in PaO2 and aaPo 2 were poorly correlated with changes in PaCO2 or with pre- or postoperative pulmonary function. Although some patients had a marked improvement in ABGs following LVRS, almost as many deteriorated. On average, only minimal effects were seen. Although mean alveolar ventilation improved somewhat, the effect of LVRS on PaO2 primarily resulted from alterations in ventilation–perfusion heterogeneity.
An unusual case of thoracic outlet syndrome associated with long distance running
Authors: Y F Leung, O M Chung, P S Ip, A Wong, Y L Wai
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

An amateur marathon runner presented with symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome after long distance running. He complained of numbness on the C8 and T1 dermatome bilaterally. There were also symptoms of heaviness and discomfort of both upper limbs and shoulder girdles. These symptoms could be relieved temporarily by supporting both upper limbs on a rail or shrugging his shoulders. The symptoms and signs would subside spontaneously on resting. An exercise provocative test and instant relief manoeuvre, which are the main diagnostic tests for this unusual case of "dynamic" thoracic outlet syndrome, were introduced.
ANTIDOTE FOR SUPRARENAL PREPARATIONS.
Authors: L. M. ROBERTS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Relative to the case reported by F. C. Bennett inThe JournalA. M. A., November 17, I recently had an experience with adrin. The patient was given tablets containing among other medicants adrin gr. 1/500, with directions to let one dissolve slowly in the mouth every three or four hours. The patient used one every hour for six doses, and then telephoned that he was suffering greatly with his heart and that pulse was "very rapid and weak, with smothering." I at once ordered recumbent position and strong black coffee, with almost immediate relief. I have used adrenalin and adrin a great deal with cocain, and have witnessed these phenomena before, but heretofore have attributed it to cocain, but there was no cocain in these tablets.
Foreign free riders and the high price of US medicines
Authors: Donald W Light, Joel Lexchin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The US government, backed by the pharmaceutical industry, wants to convince Americans that they're paying more for drugs because they're contributing more than their fair share of the costs of research and development.Not so, argue two researchers who have looked at the evidence.The United States government is engaged in a campaign to characterise other industrialised countries as free riding on high US pharmaceutical prices and innovation in new drugs. 1This campaign is based on the argument that lower prices imposed by price controls in other affluent countries do not pay for research and development costs, so that Americans have to pay the research costs through higher prices in order to keep supplying the world with new drugs. 1 2Supporters of the campaign have characterised the situation as a foreign rip-off. 3We can find no evidence to support these and related claims, and we present evidence to the contrary.Furthermore, we explain why the claims themselves contradict the economic nature of the pharmaceutical industry.
ALLERGIC IRRITABILITY
Authors: Paul A. Lewis, Dorothy Loomis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The allergic irritability of closely inbred guinea pigs as represented by their capacity to produce hemolytic antibodies for beef and sheep corpuscles, and agglutinins for Bacillus typhosus and Bacillus abortus (Bang) differs by families and therefore is at least partly dependent on inherited characteristics. These differences show an imperfect but suggestive correlation with the differences in resistance of the same families to inoculation tuberculosis as previously determined by Wright and Lewis. The differences in antibody production also show an imperfect correlation with the differences in response in the anaphylactic reaction complex as previously determined by Lewis and Loomis. These studies suggest very strongly that the allergic irritability is one of the several inheritable characters which form a partial basis for the natural resistance to tuberculosis. The antibody-producing capacity is only satisfactorily defined when minimal or moderate amounts of antigen are used and this in single treatments. The irregularities in experimental result when repeated treatments or very large single treatments are used suggest that antibody production in the second or "acquired capacity" phase may rest on a somewhat different fundamental basis than the latent or potential natural capacity. There is some very slight evidence that production in the second phase may also be influenced by inherited qualities.
Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation in chicken-pox pneumonitis.
Authors: J. R. Harper, R. D. Marshall, M. S. Parkinson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Massive pulmonary haemorrhage of the newborn is a terminal event arising in a variety of clinical situations, suggesting a mixed aetiology.It is not a common cause of death ; a primary necropsy incidence of 0X6 per 1,000 total births was reported in the British Perinatal Mortality Survey (Butler and Bonham, 1963), and the same incidence was found on reviewing the 1963-7 necropsy findings at Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hos- pital.In this latter series there were three stillbirths, 10 first- week neonatal deaths, and two late neonatal deaths.The main associated findings were hyaline membrane disease (five cases), intrapartum anoxia (three cases), pneumonia with a significant purulent exudate (two cases), lethal congenital malformations, polycystic disease, and urethral obstruction (two cases), and single instances of bullous emphysema, thrombocytopenic pur- pura, and isoimmunization, as well as the Coxsackie virus infec- tion reported here.Seven of the babies weighed less than 2,500 g., but none was regarded as small for the dates (though in one such case in 1968 death occurred from massive pulmonary haemorrhage).Many conditions have been described in association with pulmonary haemorrhage, ranging from anoxia and bleeding diatheses to cold injury and oxygen administration (recent review by Parker et al., 1968), but the exact aetiological import- ance of the various conditions is difficult to evaluate.The main predisposing factors, however, appear to include anoxia, coagulation defects, prematurity, congestion, and infection of the lungs.
Hospital-Acquired Infection in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Richard J. Bonforte
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The stated goal of this book is to serve as a reference on nosocomial infections and their management as they occur in the pediatric patient. To my knowledge, this text is unique in this respect. This book is not a textbook of bacteriology or of pediatric infectious disease. Attention is focused on specific infections that present distinct infection control issues in pediatrics. Subject matter is organized into four sections: by site (eg, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, surgical wounds, etc), by pathogen (eg, varicella, hepatitis, and respiratory syncytial virus), management of high-risk patients (eg, the neonate and the immunocompromised patient), and personnel and policies relating to infection control. The editor has chosen a highly skilled group of contributors; indeed, the names read like a current Who's Who in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. The book will be a handy reference for all who care for hospitalized children. Despite the increased trends for shortened