tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Superior Vena Cava-Right Pulmonary Artery Anastomosis in Congenital Heart Disease with Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Authors: IRWIN B. BORUCHOW, THOMAS D. BARTLEY, LARRY P. ELLIOTT, MYRON W. WHEAT, L. JEROME KROVETZ, GEROLD L. SCHIEBLER
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Clinical, hemodynamic, and angiocardiographic findings on eight long-term (more than 3 years) survivors of anastomosis of the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right pulmonary artery (RPA) are described. All patients had severe cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Postoperative cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography defined the physiology of the shunt. SVC pressure was elevated after the creation of the SVC-RPA shunt. This was without obvious clinical effect in six patients. Mild SVC syndrome developed in the immediate postoperative period but was associated with overall clinical improvement in two cases. A late, and more severe SVC syndrome associated with clinical deterioration developed in three patients with severe pulmonic stenosis as part of their cardiac malformation. Clinical improvement and relief of SVC syndrome followed systemic-pulmonary artery shunt or open heart repair of the underlying cardiac malformation, leaving the SVC-RPA anastomosis intact. Clinical improvement following open heart repair of tetralogy of Fallot has persisted in spite of severe postoperative pulmonic valve insufficiency and elevated mean pressure in the left pulmonary artery. This is believed to be a result of the SVC-RPA shunt, which reduced the venous return into the right heart.
Bacteriology of Acute Otitis Media in Adults
Authors: Scott E. Celin
Journal: JAMA (1991)

--The objective of this study was to determine the bacteriology of acute otitis media in adults. Although this has frequently been studied in children, no data have recently been reported from adults in the United States. Additionally, information on the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae as a causative organism in acute otitis media in adults has not been available.--Middle-ear aspirates for cultures were obtained by myringotomy from adults meeting entry criteria.--Emergency department, Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pa.--Thirty-four patients (volunteer sample) met the eligibility requirements. Exclusion criteria included history of chronic otitis media, recent antibiotic therapy, immunosuppressive illnesses, or prior otologic surgery.--Ten days of oral cefuroxime axetil (250 mg) was prescribed.--Patients were followed closely for at least 6 weeks. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were incubated and evaluated per the scheduled protocol.--Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae were grown on culture of specimens from nine and seven patients (26% and 21%), respectively. Twenty-two percent (2/9) of the H influenzae isolates and the single isolate of Moraxella catarrhalis produced beta-lactamase (9% overall).--The present results suggest that, as in children, amoxicillin would be an appropriate first-line agent for empiric therapy of acute otitis media in adults. Antimicrobials inactive against H influenzae (eg, penicillin V, cephalexin, erythromycin, or tetracyclines) are not appropriate for initial therapy. Antimicrobials with efficacy against organisms producing beta-lactamase, such as cefuroxime axetil, which was used to treat the study patients, do not appear to be required for routine initial therapy in adults. However, they would be appropriate when an organism producing beta-lactamase is isolated from the middle ear or when a patient fails to improve rapidly on amoxicillin therapy.
Observations on Symptomatic Locatlization of Pharyngeal Foreign Bodies
Authors: R. A. Yorston
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In eukaryotes, mRNA abundance is often a poor proxy for protein abundance<sup>1–5</sup>. Despite this, the majority of methods used to dissect function in mammalian biology<sup>6</sup> and for biomarker discovery in complex diseases<sup>7</sup> involve manipulation or measurement of mRNA. The discrepancy between mRNA and protein abundance is likely due to several factors, including differences in the rates of translation and degradation between proteins and cell-types<sup>8</sup>, unequal contribution of individual splice variants to the production of a given protein<sup>9</sup> and cell-type specific differences in splice variant use<sup>10</sup>. Here we performed experimental and computational time-series analysis of RNA-seq and mass-spectrometry of three key immune cell-types in human and mice and constructed mathematical mixed time-delayed splice variant models to predict protein abundances. These models had median correlations to protein abundance measurements of 0.79-0.94, which is a significant increase from the previously reported 0.21 on human protein atlas data<sup>1</sup>, and out-performed less complicated models without the usage of multiple splice variants and time-delay in cross-validation tests. We showed the importance of our models for biomarker discovery by re-analysing RNA-seq data from five different complex diseases, which led to the prediction of new disease proteins that were validated in multiple sclerosis. Our findings suggest that similar protein abundance models may be created for the most critical cell-types in the human body.
Increased expression of fibroblast growth factors in a rabbit skeletal muscle model of exercise conditioning.
Authors: N G Morrow, W E Kraus, J W Moore, R S Williams, J L Swain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Increased tonic contractile activity from exercise or electrical stimulation induces a variety of changes in skeletal muscle, including vascular growth, myoblast proliferation, and fast to slow fiber type conversion. Little is known about the cellular control of such changes, but pleiotropic biochemical modulators such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) may be involved in this response and thus may be regulated in response to such stimuli. We examined the regulation of FGF expression in an in vivo model of exercise conditioning previously shown to exhibit vascular growth and fast to slow fiber conversion. FGFs were extracted by heparin-affinity chromatography from extensor digitorum longus muscles of adult rabbits subjected to chronic motor nerve stimulation at 10 Hz. Growth factor activity (expressed in growth factor units [GFUs]) of muscle stimulated for 3 and 21 d was assayed by [3H]thymidine incorporation in 3T3 fibroblasts and compared with that present in the contralateral unstimulated muscle. A small increase in heparin-binding mitogenic activity was observed as early as 3 d of stimulation, and by 21 d mitogenic activity increased significantly when normalized to either wet weight (stimulated, 287 +/- 61 GFU/g; unstimulated, 145 +/- 39 GFU/g) or to protein (stimulated, 5.3 +/- 1.1 GFU/mg; unstimulated, 2.2 +/- 0.6 GFU/mg) (+/- SE, P less than 0.05). Western analysis demonstrated increased amounts of peptides with immunological identity to acidic and basic FGFs in stimulated muscle. The increase in FGF content observed in this study is synchronous with neovascularization, myoblast proliferation, and fast to slow fiber type conversion previously shown in this model. These results demonstrate that increased expression of FGFs is associated with motor nerve stimulation and increased tonic contractile activity of skeletal muscle, and suggests that these proteins may play a regulatory role in the cellular changes that occur during exercise conditioning.
Health of London during the Six Months terminating 29th September, 1849: Especially in reference to Cholera
Authors: J. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1849)

I With much deference to Dr. Webster, we beg to say that, within our own knowledge, the experience of the present epidemic has led many physicians, who previously beld other views, to consider the disase, though not virulently contagious, as communicable by innites, and also by peronal intercoure, in several ways.It is lseo our belief, that much of the spread of Cholera in London, and throughout England, during the present epidemic, has ariwn from the careless manner in which the healthy have communicated with the sick, in consquence of the anti-contagion manifesto of the Board of Health.EDITO.
Book: Complexity and Healthcare: An Introduction
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Eds Kieran Sweeney, Frances Griffiths Radcliffe Medical Press, £24.95, pp 208 ISBN 1 85775 559 6 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> Place three points on a piece of paper to mark the vertices of a triangle. Choose a position haphazardly anywhere within the triangle and mark it. Now, at random, select one of the vertices of the triangle. Move exactly halfway from the position that you marked towards the selected … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
THE INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC POWER OF NOVEL BIOMARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Dirk Lok, IJsbrand Klip, Sjoukje I. Lok, Pieta W. Bruggink Andre de la Porte, Erik Badings, Jan van Wijngaarden, Adriaan Voors, Rudolf de Boer, Dirk van Veldhuisen, Peter van der Meer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Establishing diagnosis of pulmonary malignant lymphoma by gene rearrangement analysis of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Authors: T Betsuyaku, M Munakata, E Yamaguchi, S Ohe, N Hizawa, N Sukoh, K Yamashiro, C Mikuni, Y Kawakami
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We report the successful application of gene rearrangement analysis to the lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for the diagnosis of pulmonary malignant lymphoma. A 45-yr-old female patient who had been suffering from back pain was shown to have macroglobulinemia and pulmonary infiltrative shadow by chest radiography. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed a small B-cell infiltrate with monotypic immunoglobulin expression (IgM/kappa light chain), and malignant lymphoma was highly suspected. BAL was performed to evaluate the cell profiles. The phenotyping of lavaged lymphocytes by flow cytometry revealed that the major component of the lymphocytes was CD3-positive T cells, and that CD21-positive B cells accounted for only 10% of all lymphocytes. This result was contradictory to the immunohistochemical population of lymphocytes in biopsied specimens. However, gene analysis of lavaged lymphocytes revealed positive immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement and negative immunoglobulin light chain and T-cell receptor rearrangement, suggesting that B cells making up a minor population of lavaged lymphocytes were proliferating monoclonally. Thus, in this case, gene analysis was an effective procedure for detecting the origin of tumor cells and distinguishing monoclonality from reactive accumulations. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported application of gene rearrangement analysis to cells obtained by BAL. The sensitivity and usefulness of this analysis for the accurate evaluation of pulmonary lymphoproliferative lesions, when applied to BAL cells, should be emphasized.
Antigen receptor signalling: a distinctive role for the p110δ isoform of PI3K
Authors: Klaus Okkenhaug, Khaled Ali, Bart Vanhaesebroeck
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2007)

The activation of antigen receptors triggers two important signalling pathways originating from phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. The first is phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ)-mediated hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2, resulting in the activation of Ras, protein kinase C and Ca2+ flux. This culminates in profound alterations in gene expression and effector-cell responses, including secretory granule exocytosis and cytokine production. By contrast, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate, activating signalling pathways that overlap with PLCγ or are PI3K-specific. Pathways that are PI3K-specific include Akt-mediated inactivation of Foxo transcription factors and transcription-independent regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism. The p110δ isoform of PI3K is the main source of PI3K activity following antigen recognition by B cells, T cells and mast cells. Here, we review the roles of p110δ in regulating antigen-dependent responses in these cell types. The activation of antigen receptors triggers two important signalling pathways originating from phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]. The first is phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ)-mediated hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2, resulting in the activation of Ras, protein kinase C and Ca2+ flux. This culminates in profound alterations in gene expression and effector-cell responses, including secretory granule exocytosis and cytokine production. By contrast, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate, activating signalling pathways that overlap with PLCγ or are PI3K-specific. Pathways that are PI3K-specific include Akt-mediated inactivation of Foxo transcription factors and transcription-independent regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism. The p110δ isoform of PI3K is the main source of PI3K activity following antigen recognition by B cells, T cells and mast cells. Here, we review the roles of p110δ in regulating antigen-dependent responses in these cell types.
Prognosis in diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: H. H. Parving, E. Hommel
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the effect of long term antihypertensive treatment on prognosis in diabetic nephropathy.Prospective study of all insulin dependent diabetic patients aged under 50 with onset of diabetes before the age of 31 who developed diabetic nephropathy between 1974 and 1978 at Steno Memorial Hospital.Outpatient diabetic clinic in tertiary referral centre.Forty five patients (20 women) with a mean age of 30 (SD 7) years and a mean duration of diabetes of 18 (7) years at onset of persistent proteinuria were followed until death or for at least 10 years.Antihypertensive treatment was started a median of three (0-13) years after onset of nephropathy. Four patients (9%) received no treatment, and 9 (20%), 13 (29%), and 19 (42%) were treated with one, two, or three drugs, respectively. The median follow up was 12 (4-15) years.Arterial blood pressure and death.Mean blood pressure at start of antihypertensive treatment was 148/95 (15/50) mm Hg. Systolic blood pressure remained almost unchanged (slope -0.01 (95% confidence interval -0.39 to 0.37) mm Hg a year) while diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (0.87 (0.65 to 1.10) mm Hg a year) during antihypertensive treatment. The cumulative death rate was 18% (8 to 32%) 10 years after onset of nephropathy, in contrast to previous reports of 50% to 77% 10 years after onset of nephropathy. As in previous studies, uraemia was the main cause of death (9 patients; 64%).The prognosis of diabetic nephropathy has improved during the past decade largely because of effective antihypertensive treatment.
Serum long acting thyroid stimulator protector in pregnancy complicated by Graves' disease.
Authors: C A Hardisty, D S Munro
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Activities of serum long acting thyroid stimulator protector were measured in a series of nine pregnancies in eight mothers who had Graves9 disease, one of whom had been successfully treated by surgery. In all but two instances the activities tended to decline as pregnancy progressed. After delivery activities rose in three out of five patients in whom these had disappeared in pregnancy and, as this occurred, the patients relapsed. In the two patients whose activities did not decline thyrotoxicosis persisted throughout pregnancy and after delivery. None of the nine babies in this study suffered from neonatal thyrotoxicosis because maternal activities of the thyroid stimulator protector, though high enough to induce Graves9 disease in adults, were not above the threshold for the induction of thyroid overactivity in neonates.
855 DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF BIOMARKERS (FIBROTEST, ACHTEST, STEATOTEST AND NASHTEST) FOR THE PREDICTION OF LIVER INJURY IN 494 PATIENTS WITH SEVERE OBESITY
Authors: T. Poynard, P. Mathurin, E. Diaz, K. Clement, M. Munteanu, B. Demol, F. Pattou, F. Charlotte, R. Callafe, A. Hollebecque, V. Ratziu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Summary Statement Novel Agents in the Treatment of Lung Cancer: Fifth Cambridge Conference Assessing Opportunities for Combination Therapy
Authors: Thomas J. Lynch, George R. Blumenschein, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Igor Espinoza-Delgado, Ramaswamy Govindan, Jeff Hanke, Nasser H. Hanna, John V. Heymach, Fred R. Hirsch, Pasi A. Janne, Rogerio C. Lilenbaum, Ronald B. Natale, Gregory J. Riely, Lecia V. Sequist, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Alice Shaw, Frances A. Shepherd, Mark Socinski, A Gregory Sorensen, Heather A. Wakelee, Aaron Weitzman
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Hepatitis in Pregnancy
Authors: David R. Snydman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

MOST pregnant patients with viral hepatitis can be cared for successfully and have full-term infants unless they have underlying nutritional problems. The type of viral hepatitis, the duration of the gestation at the time of infection, and individual immunologic factors may also affect the outcome. The responsibilities of physicians in these cases include obtaining an etiologic diagnosis of the hepatitis in order to provide optimal care of the mother and appropriate prophylactic treatment for the newborn. This discussion will focus primarily on hepatitis B virus infections since such infections are most clearly understood with respect to their transmission, their effects . . .
Evidence for 12-lipoxygenase induction in the vessel wall following balloon injury
Authors: R Natarajan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation are key events in the development of atherosclerosis and restenosis following angioplasty. These events are mediated by several growth factors and cytokines whose cellular effects include activation of phospholipases and arachidonic acid metabolism via the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. Since 12-LO products have potent growth and chemotactic effects, we have examined if 12-LO is upregulated in the neointima of injured rat carotid arteries and also if LO inhibition could attenuate neointimal thickening. Methods: The left common carotid arteries of male Sprague Dawley rats were injured using a 1.8F PTCA balloon catheter. Four–fourteen days after injury, injured and uninjured tissue samples were processed for histology, and immunohistochemistry or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine 12-LO expression. Results: Twelve days after injury, immunohistochemical staining with a 12-LO antibody revealed intense staining in injured left carotid arteries, mainly in neointimal VSMCs and inflammatory cells, but not in the uninjured right arteries. There was also a marked upregulation of 12-LO mRNA (over five-fold by competitive PCR) in the injured arteries. Treatment of the arteries with a LO inhibitor, phenidone, soon after injury resulted in significant inhibition of neointimal thickening. In contrast, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen, had no effect. Conclusions: These results indicate for the first time that balloon injury results in marked induction of 12-LO mRNA and protein expression in the vessel wall. Furthermore, LO pathway activation may mediate, at least in part, the development of the lesion or plaque instability, suggesting a novel target for therapeutic intervention to block these pathological events.
Combined benefit of intra-aortic balloon pump and percutaneous bypass
Authors: Steven Phillips, Robert Zeff, Mark Spector, Bruce Balentine, John Vanderhaar, Diane Slonine, Lawrence Barker, L.A. Iannone, James Skinner, Richard Toon, Andre Grignon, John Glotzer, Chamnahn Kongtahworn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Criteria for Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Nathan B. Rabhan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In 1971, the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) Committee on Therapeutic Criteria proposed Preliminary Criteria for the Classification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE]. 1  Any four of the 14 items listed below, when present, indicate SLE. 1    Facial erythema (butterfly rash)  Discoid lupus erythematosus  Raynaud phenomenon  Alopecia  Photosensitivity  Oral or nasopharyngeal ulceration  Arthritis without deformity  Lupus erythematosus cells  Chronic false-positive serologic test for syphilis  Profuse proteinuria  Cellular casts  Pleuritis or pericarditis  Psychosis or convulsions  Hemolytic anemia or leukopenia or thrombocytopenia   These criteria were formulated by computer analysis of 57 symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings in 245 patients (with unequivocal SLE) under the care of 52 different rheumatologists in the United States and Canada. Insufficient data at the time of evaluating these records prevented further analyses of such commonly used tests as antinuclear antibody, Coombs test, anti-DNA antibody, tissue biopsies, and direct immunofluorescence of skin biopsy specimen.  The first six criteria relate
Chronic Stress Induces Anxiety via an Amygdalar Intracellular Cascade that Impairs Endocannabinoid Signaling
Authors: Zhaohong Qin, Xun Zhou, Nihar R. Pandey, Haley A. Vecchiarelli, Chloe A. Stewart, Xia Zhang, Diane C. Lagace, Jean Michel Brunel, Jean-Claude Béïque, Alexandre F.R. Stewart, Matthew N. Hill, Hsiao-Huei Chen
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Increasing number of cancer survivors is putting pressure on NHS, says charity
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The number of UK people alive after diagnosis of or treatment for cancer has risen by 500 000 in the past five years, to reach 2.5 million, the charity Macmillan Cancer Support has said. Though providing encouraging evidence of a better prognosis for people with cancer, this growing group of survivors itself poses problems for the NHS, the charity said.

Around a quarter of people treated for cancer face poor health or disability after treatment. Of the 2.5 million people living with cancer, 1.6 million were given their diagnosis more than five years ago, but five year survival—generally counted as a cure—does …
Karl von Basedow
Authors: Karl Kautsky
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> May I enter a minor correction to the note about von Basedow? (<b>208</b>:523, 1969). His birthplace correctly is Dessau, and Merseburg, where he lived and practiced, is a substantial city, the center of a huge industrial complex in East Germany, especially in the field of chemistry. The three main signs of hyperthyroidism, namely exophthalmos, goiter, and tachycardia are still called the Merseburg triad in German medicine.
Disease from Infection with<i>Vibrio mimicus</i>, A Newly Recognized<i>Vibrio</i>Species
Authors: WAYNE X. SHANDERA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of disease associated with a newly described nonhalophilic Vibrio species, Vibrio mimicus, were identified by studying isolates from 21 patients referred to the Centers for Disease Control between 1977 and 1981. Two isolates were from the ears of patients with otitis who had recently been exposed to seawater. Nineteen isolates were from stool samples; these patients generally had diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, with fever, headache, and bloody diarrhea occurring in fewer than half. Persons with diarrhea were more likely than age- and sex-matched controls to have eaten raw oysters (p = 0.013). Although most cases were sporadic, three were associated with a single outbreak. Only two isolates produced toxin found by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or the Y-1 adrenal cell assay for heat-labile toxin, and none produced heat-stable toxin found by the infant mouse assay. Vibrio mimicus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis occurring after recent ingestion of seafood (especially raw oysters) and in acute otitis after exposure to seawater.
Graphene oxide doped conducting polymer nanocomposite film for electrode-tissue interface
Authors: Hong-Chang Tian, Jing-Quan Liu, Dai-Xu Wei, Xiao-Yang Kang, Chuan Zhang, Jing-Cheng Du, Bin Yang, Xiang Chen, Hong-Ying Zhu, Yan-Na NuLi, Chun-Sheng Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)