tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Encyclopedia of computational neuroscience: The end of the second millennium
Authors: Roman Borisyuk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Arbib et al. describe mathematical and computational models in neuroscience as well as neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of several important brain structures. This is a useful guide to mathematical and computational modelling of the structure and function of nervous system. The book highlights the need to develop a theory of brain functioning, and it offers some useful approaches and concepts.
Abstract 197: The KRAB-containing zinc finger protein ZNF545 is a functional tumor suppressor exerting proapoptotic and antiproliferation abilities with frequent epigenetic inactivation in multiple carcinomas
Authors: Yingduan Cheng, Pei Liang, Hua Geng, Suk Hang Cheng, Margaret H L Ng, Anthony T c Chan, Qian Tao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene is frequently involved in tumor development. Some zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) involved in tumorigenesis are down-regulated through CpG methylation in multiple carcinomas. Here, through genome wide-screening, we identified a novel KRAB domain-containing zinc finger protein (KRAB-ZFP), ZNF545, downregulated in multiple tumor cell lines including nasopharyngeal, esophageal, colon, stomach, liver, kidney, breast, cervix, and prostate carcinomas, in contrast to its broad expression in normal tissues. The promoter of ZNF545 contains a typical CpG island and is frequently methylated in multiple carcinoma cell lines. Transcriptional silencing of ZNF545 could be reversed by pharmacologic demethylation or genetic demethylation, indicating a direct epigenetic silencing mechanism. ZNF545 was also frequently methylated in primary tumors of NPC and ESCC, but less frequently in normal epithelial tissues and paired surgical marginal normal tissues. ZNF545 was found to be a transcriptional repressor when fused to Gal4-binding domain, as determined by the luciferase assay. Ectopic expression of ZNF545 in silenced cancer cell lines significantly inhibited their colony formation, proliferation and induced apoptosis, indicating that ZNF545 can function as a tumor suppressor. ZNF545 also can inhibit the activity of NF-KappaB and AP-1, which play an important role in tumorigenesis. We further found that ZNF545 was located in the nucleus and sequestered in the nucleolus in some cells. ZNF545 could co-localize with KAP1 and heterochromatin protein, so we proposed that ZNF545 could inhibit tumorigenesis, at least partially through downregulating the transcription of target genes, or regulating nucleolus function such as ribosome biogenesis. The tumor specific-silencing of ZNF545 could serve as an epigenetic biomarker for common cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 197.
Abstract 1710: Quantitative 3D mapping of total choline in human breast cancer using high-speed MR spectroscopic imaging at 3T
Authors: Stefan Posse, Tongsheng Zhang, Melanie Royce, Zoneddy Dayao, Susan Lopez, Laurel Sillerud, Steven Eberhardt, Lesley Lomo, Sang-Joon Lee, Ashwani Rajput, John Russell, Linda Casey, Patrick Bolan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION We report initial experience with 3D mapping of tCho to monitor treatment response in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy to predict outcome [1]. METHOD Eleven patients aged: 28 - 77 years with biopsy-confirmed, infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) were studied before and during neoadjuvant therapy. Data were collected on a 3T MR scanner equipped with 8- and 16-channel breast array using PRESS volume prelocalized 3D high-speed Proton-Echo-Planar-Spectroscopic-Imaging (PEPSI) [2] with MEGA lipid suppression (TR/TE=2000ms/135ms, matrix size up to 32×16×8, voxel size=1cc, scan time: 10 minutes including a water reference scan). Spectral quantification was performed using LCModel-based spectral fitting in reference to tissue water [3] using a customized basis set with empirically modeled Lorentzian singlet peaks to account for broad and irregular line shapes of residual lipid signals, relaxation correction and automated spectral quality thresholds. RESULTS Strongly elevated tCho with mean concentrations up to 5.1 mmol/kg was measured in 7 patients with single and multi-centric enhancing lesions (Table 1). Decreases in tCho concentration and number of voxels with detectable tCho were measured in 4 patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study demonstrates feasibility of quantitative 3D mapping of tCho in invasive breast carcinoma and assessment of regional tCho changes during neoadjuvent therapy. The long-term goal is to utilize 3D high-speed MRSI as an early predictor of treatment failure in women undergoing neoadjuvant therapy. REFERENCES [1] Danishad, A., et al. NMR Biomed. 2010; 23: 233-241. [2] Posse, S., et al., Magn Reson Med, 1997. 37(6): p. 858-65. [3] Provencher et al MRM 1993. GRANT SUPPORT: NIH, DoD, UNM Cancer Center. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1710. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1710
Cut jargon, save the NHS
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2011)

Love is a strong word, surely to be reserved for feelings of genuine passion. But it might become NHS jargon now that Prime Minister David Cameron has declared his love for the NHS. Cameron loves the NHS so much that he wishes to change it, although not quite in the way that he wished to initially when he was blinded by passion and wasn't listening to anybody but his health secretary, Andrew Lansley.

Indeed, the latest NHS jargon is the ‘listening exercise’ being conducted by Steve Field, erstwhile chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP). Not that listening is bad. Certainly, anybody with the faintest of interest in NHS politics listened intently when Loughborough binman, Sean Donnelly aka MC Nxt Gen, rapped his YouTube hit about the health secretary and his reform plans. Apart from creating his own jargon term for disliking the reforms – ‘Lansley tosser’ – MC Nxt Gen stunned the world with a clearly communicated critique of the government's plans.

‘The Royal College of GPs even joined the attack,’ analysed MC Nxt Gen, ‘Looked closely at the proposals and said they were crap.’ But now that Field is involved, will the RCGP deliver the same verdict? Cameron's love of the NHS has inspired changes to the original reforms. Full institutional and managerial integration of the NHS and social care in England is the headline statement. In addition, hospital doctors and nurses will be more closely involved with GP-led consortiums. Competition in the NHS will not simply be for the sake of it, and private firms will not be able to cherry pick services.

At the end of all this, said Mr Cameron, the NHS will look reasonably similar, a statement that offers reassurance, threat or bafflement, depending on your perspective. Unfortunately, just prior to Mr Cameron's NHS love speech at Ealing Hospital, one of his ‘key advisors’, Mark Britnell, suggested that the NHS would be transformed into a provider of state health insurance and patients would be charged for using the NHS. Field, now chair of the NHS future forum, described these communications as wrong.

In simple speak, it still seems to me that the NHS requires, or is being required, to make savings of £15–20 billion over the next four years. Hence, to maintain and improve standards of care we need a more efficient health service and an increase in productivity. But we can't agree on two fundamental issues: how to do it, and why we are doing it in the first place.

Perhaps all the medical jargon and inscrutable communication are getting in the way? They are the resident evils in the NHS. Indeed, Conor Farrington argues in this issue that ridding our health service of these curses could deliver significant improvements in patient-centred care (JRSM 2011;104:231–6). ‘Jargon, in short,’ he concludes, ‘is one area in which cuts should be wholeheartedly welcomed.’ Now there's a cause we should all love. If a binman from Loughborough can rap coherently about the NHS reforms, what's stopping politicians and health service leaders?
Clinical and pharmacodynamic analysis of pomalidomide dosing strategies in myeloma: impact of immune activation and cereblon targets
Authors: Kartik Sehgal, Rituparna Das, Lin Zhang, Rakesh Verma, Yanhong Deng, Mehmet Kocoglu, Juan Vasquez, Srinivas Koduru, Yan Ren, Maria Wang, Suzana Couto, Mike Breider, Donna Hansel, Stuart Seropian, Dennis Cooper, Anjan Thakurta, Xiaopan Yao, Kavita M. Dhodapkar, Madhav V. Dhodapkar
Journal: Blood (2015)
Influence of trauma on the development of chronic inflammatory polyarthritis.
Authors: K A Williams, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

This paper describes three patients in whom the onset of inflammatory polyarthritis was closely related to traumatic episodes involving the fingers.Case 1, a male civil servant, was well until 1961 when, at the age of 31 years, he was doing some carpentry at home, planing a piece of wood in a vice.He is left- handed and was therefore holding the handle of the plane in his left hand.During a forward stroke he hit the left middle finger against the vice at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint.This was immediately followed by pain and swelling of the joint, which did not subside.
PWE-287 Breath volatile analysis for the recognition of harmful drinking, cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: T Y Khalid, B De Lacy Costello, R Ewen, P White, S Stevens, F Gordon, P Collins, A McCune, A Shenoy, S Shetty, N M Ratcliffe, C S Probert
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric state which may complicate cirrhosis following the accumulation of toxic substances that cross the blood-brain barrier and affect brain function. Cirrhosis or portal-systemic shunting results in the accumulation of substances in the blood that may undergo alveolar gas exchange to be excreted in the breath. The aim of this work was to investigate the use of breath analysis as a non-invasive and simpler means of diagnosing HE, cirrhosis and harmful drinking. <h3>Methods</h3> A bespoke breath-sampling device was used to sample one litre of breath through adsorbent tubes from patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis with (n=11) and without HE (n=23), non-alcoholic cirrhosis without HE (n=19), harmful drinkers without cirrhosis (n=7), inflammatory respiratory disease (n=18), and healthy controls (n=15). Compounds trapped on these tubes were released via thermal desorption and analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry for separation and detection. Multivariate discriminant analysis was used to identify volatile organic compounds to differentiate patients according to disease status and build models for disease classification. <h3>Results</h3> Models based on the presence or absence of volatiles were tested in the patient groups. HE was correctly classified in 91.0% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis could be discriminated from those without cirrhosis with 100% accuracy in drinkers. In patients without clinical signs of HE, alcohol was correctly predicted as the underlying cause of cirrhosis in 82.6% of patients and non-alcoholic causes of cirrhosis were correctly determined in 84.2% of patients. Non-alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, and harmful drinking could also be discriminated from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 89.5%, 97.1% and 100%, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Breath volatiles can be used to aid the diagnosis of HE, cirrhosis, and harmful levels of drinking, therefore breath testing may offer a means to detect liver conditions non-invasively at earlier and more treatable stages. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Autosomal Recessive Catecholamine- or Exercise-Induced Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Hadas Lahat, Michael Eldar, Etgar Levy-Nissenbaum, Tangiz Bahan, Eitan Friedman, Asad Khoury, Avraham Lorber, Daniel L. Kastner, Boleslaw Goldman, Elon Pras
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) is characterized by episodes of syncope, seizures, or sudden death in response to physiological or emotional stress. In 2 families with autosomal dominant inheritance, the disease gene was mapped to chromosome 1q42-43. The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical features of the disease in a Bedouin tribe from Israel and to map the disease gene. Methods and Results —In this Bedouin tribe, 9 children (age, 7±4 years) from 7 related families have died suddenly during the past decade, and 12 other children suffered from recurrent syncope and seizures starting at the age of 6±3 years. Parents of affected individuals were asymptomatic and were all related (first-, second-, or third-degree cousins). Segregation analysis suggested autosomal recessive inheritance. All 12 symptomatic patients and 1 asymptomatic sibling (mean age, 13±7 years) were found to have a relative resting bradycardia (64±13 bpm, versus 93±12 bpm in the unaffected siblings), as well as PVT induced by treadmill or isoproterenol infusion and appearing at a mean sinus rate of 110±10 bpm. Patients responded favorably to treatment with β-blockers. A genome-wide search using polymorphic DNA markers mapped the disease locus to a 16-megabase interval on chromosome 1p13-21. A maximal lod score of 8.24 was obtained with D1S189 at θ=0.00. Sequencing of KCND3 , a gene that encodes an I tO potassium channel transporter, did not reveal any significant sequence alterations. Conclusions —This unique form of autosomal recessive PVT affects young children and may be lethal if left untreated. Linkage analysis maps this disorder to chromosome 1p13-21.
BASIC CONSIDERATIONS IN MINORITY REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON THE COSTS OF MEDICAL CARE
Authors: ALPHONSE M. SCHWITALLA
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Timeliness or untimeliness cannot, to my mind, be considered valid argument for the acceptability or the nonacceptability of a theory or of a social program. The advocates of the majority report of the Committee on the Costs of Medical Care, those in professional ranks as well as those in the lay ranks, are fond of stressing the thought that the recommendations of the majority are a direct response to the needs of today and that they parallel to a remarkable extent today's social trends and tendencies. Attributing to this laudatory statement its full value, it is clear that the acceptability of the recommendations of the majority rests entirely, as far as this argument is concerned, on the acceptability or the nonacceptability of today's trends and tendencies. If the latter are desirable or acceptable, then in all likelihood their outgrowth may participate in the acceptability or nonacceptability of the parent stem.
Volume regulation in liver: Further characterization by inhibitors and ionic substitutions
Authors: Dieter Häussinger, Thomas Stehle, Florian Lang
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The present study has been performed to elucidate the mechanisms of volume regulation in isolated perfused liver. Reduction of extracellular osmolarity by 80 mOsm/L leads to a release of potassium and a sustained alkalinization of effluent. Reexposure to isotonic perfusate leads to reuptake of potassium by the liver and acidification of effluent. Part of the alkalinization could be due to release of bicarbonate parallel to potassium release. Carboanhydrase inhibition and replacement of bicarbonate/CO 2 by HEPES buffer, however, do not significantly modify volume regulatory potassium release or reuptake. Reduction of perfusate chloride to 37 mmol/L by replacement of NaCI with raffinose leads to a decrease of liver weight indicative of shrinkage of liver cells. Subsequent omission of 180 mmol/L raffinose leads to potassium and chloride release and to alkalinization of effluent. Volume regulatory release of potassium is impaired in 1 mmol/L quinidine, 1 mmol/L SITS and 5 mmol/L barium. Volume regulatory reuptake of potassium is impaired by 1 mmol/L amiloride. Volume regulatory release of potassium is not appreciably affected by either; 1 mmol/L furosemide, 1 μmol/L verapamil, 1 mmol/L amiloride or 1 mmol/L barium and volume regulatory potassium reuptake proved insensitive to 1 mmol/L furosemide or 1 mmol/L barium. The data suggest that the cells release potassium and chloride during regulatory volume decrease by quinidine, SITS and weakly barium–sensitive transport systems and that regulatory volume increase is accomplished by activation of Na/H exchange.
IL-36 signaling amplifies Th1 responses by enhancing proliferation and Th1 polarization of naive CD4+ T cells
Authors: Solenne Vigne, Gaby Palmer, Praxedis Martin, Céline Lamacchia, Deborah Strebel, Emiliana Rodriguez, Maria L. Olleros, Dominique Vesin, Irene Garcia, Francesca Ronchi, Federica Sallusto, John E. Sims, Cem Gabay
Journal: Blood (2012)
Present status of total hip replacement.
Authors: J Charnley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

In this discussion of the current status of total hip replacement I shall try to avoid technical details and concentrate on those aspects which will be most interesting to this distinguished body of physicians, which I am deeply honoured in being invited to address.It is impossible to start without some elementary matters and first of all, one might ask 'What is total hip replacement?'The implants which have been put into the hip joint during the last 40 years have all been partial hip replacements, replacing either the femoral head or, as in the ca §e of the Smith- Peterson cup, the acetabulum.Total hip replace- ment means replacing the socket and the head at the same time.Most of the successful total hip replacements are fixed into the body by means of a quick-setting plastic-acrylic-cement-though some surgeons attempt to avoid using cement.I do not have time to discuss this here though it is one of the most impor- tant aspects of total hip replacement; it is obviously futile to use a total hip implant if pain then originates from movement of the implanted elements on the bone. Late results
Role of Neuregulin-1β in the Developing Lung
Authors: Christiane E. L. Dammann, Heber C. Nielsen, Kermit L. Carraway
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Neuregulins play a critical role in the developing heart, nervous, and mammary systems. Neuregulin-1-induced cardiac, neuronal, and mammary differentiation is based on a cell-cell communication model, where the ligand neuregulin-1 is produced and secreted by one cell type, which does not express its receptors erbB3 and erbB4 and acts on neighboring cell types that do express these receptors. We proposed that neuregulin-1 affects fetal lung maturation through a similar mechanism. Immunostaining showed neuregulin-1 in fetal lung that increased in fibroblasts at the onset of surfactant synthesis. Neuregulin-1 beta was found to be secreted by the fetal lung fibroblast and stimulated type II cell surfactant synthesis. Both fetal lung fibroblast-conditioned media and neuregulin-1 stimulated erbB2 receptor phosphorylation in type II cells. The effects of neuregulin-1 and of fibroblast-conditioned media on both surfactant synthesis and type II cell erbB2 phosphorylation were specifically blocked by antibody to neuregulin-1. Thus, neuregulin-1 beta may control fetal lung maturation through mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in a paracrine mechanism similar to that described for the developing heart, brain, and mammary systems.
The microbiota link to irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ian B. Jeffery, Eamonn M. M. Quigley, Lena Öhman, Magnus Simrén, Paul W. O'Toole
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder which is likely to involve a number of causative factors. The contribution of altered intestinal microbiota composition or function to this disorder is controversial, and is the subject of much current research. Until recently, the technical limitations of the methodologies available have not permitted an adequate survey of low-abundance microbial species. Recent technological developments have enabled the analysis of the global population of the microbiome using high through-put, culture independent, 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing. Using these new methodologies, we are able to gain important biological insights into the link between functional bowel disorders and the microbiome. This addendum contextualizes and summarizes the results of these studies, and defines the future challenges and opportunities in the field.
The effect of GABA on serum and hepatic polyamine concentrations after partial hepatectomy in rats
Authors: Gerald Y. Minuk, Tony Gauthier, Aziz Gaharie, Liam J. Murphy
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Serum and hepatic polyamine concentrations including putrescine, spermidine and spermine were documented at various time intervals after partial hepatectomy in rats treated with GABA (500 μg/gm body wt) or isotonic saline. Aside from a transient decrease in spermidine levels, GABA treatment had no effect on serum polyamine concentrations. In the liver, however, GABA treatment markedly attenuated the increase in hepatic putrescine concentrations that occurs after partial hepatectomy such that levels were 64%, 74% and 100% lower than in saline-treated controls on days 1, 2 and 3 after partial hepatectomy (p &lt; 0.005, p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). Spermidine and spermine concentrations in the liver were not affected by GABA treatment. To determine the mechanism whereby GABA lowers putrescine concentrations in regenerating liver, ornithine decarboxylase messenger RNA and enzyme activity were documented after GABA treatment. Although ornithine decarboxylase messenger RNA levels were similar, ornithine decarboxylase enzyme activity was significantly inhibited 12 hr after partial hepatectomy in GABA-treated rats compared with saline-treated controls. The results of this study indicate that GABA inhibits hepatic putrescine synthesis at a posttranscriptional level in rats after partial hepatectomy. These results could help to explain the impairment in hepatic regenerative activity that occurs in patients with elevated serum GABA concentrations and fulminant hepatic failure. (Hepatology 1991;14:685-689.)
Subtraction Ictal SPECT Co-registered to MRI (SISCOM) in Sturge???Weber Syndrome
Authors: I J. Namer, F Battaglia, E Hirsch, A Constantinesco, C Marescaux
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 33-year-old woman with Sturge–Weber syndrome and pharmacoresistant partial seizures since age 5 was studied using Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT. Mental retardation has been present with significant diminution of IQ since the beginning of the follow-up in our unit for the last 20 years. (There was a loss of more than 20 points in all scales.) SPECT imaging showed a massive steal phenomenon in affected areas during seizures, leading to a critical ischemic condition in remote brain regions. The progressive worsening course of the syndrome, particularly with mental retardation, could be explained by repeated seizures with severe ischemia of healthy brain parenchyma.