tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B44: Development of a serum test for the detection of lung cancer based on oncogenic BARD1 isoform expression
Authors: Irmgard Irminger-Finger, Pierre-Alain André, Maxim Pilyugin, Balazs Hegedus, Geoffrey J. Laurent, Andrea Bianco
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The BARD1 protein was originally identified as binding partner of the breast cancer gene product, BRCA1. Highly upregulated expression of aberrant isoforms of BARD1, derived from differential splicing, was correlated with poor prognostic factors in breast and ovarian cancer (Wu et al. Int J Can, 2006; Li et al. Can Res, 2007) and decreased patient survival in lung cancer (Zhang et al. Int J Can, 2011). Previous and ongoing studies have shown that BARD1 isoforms act antagonistically to the functions of BARD1 and BRCA1 as ubiquitin ligase. In particular, BARD1beta is promoting cell proliferation by stabilizing the Aurora kinases (Ryser et al. Can Res 2009; Bosse et al. submitted). Isoforms BARD1-beta and BARD1-pi are specifically upregulated in lung cancer and correlated with poor prognosis (Zhang et al., Int J Can, 2011). Thus, BARD1 isoforms might be drivers of tumorigenesis and potential markers of lung cancer progression, if detectable in the patients' sera. To this goal, we performed ELISA tests with antibodies against different regions of BARD1 for the detection of BARD1 isoforms in the blood of lung cancer patients. We also generated a peptide library representing 40 epitopes mimicking BARD1 isoforms, for the detection of autoimmune antibodies recognizing epitopes expressed by BARD1 isoforms. BARD1 protein isoforms could be detected by ELISA in various serum samples, however this detection was always reproducible due to the BARD1 protein instability. We then performed inverse ELISA assays, using peptides for capturing autoimmune antibodies directed against BARD1 isoforms. Using serum samples from 60 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from time of diagnosis, and 40 control sera from phenotypically healthy volunteers, we could distinguish NSCLC cancer patients and controls. When applying a combination of seven peptides lung cancer was detected with 87 percent sensitivity and 68 percent specificity. Thus, our data show convincingly that antibodies against BARD1 isoforms are telltales of lung cancer and their detection can be further developed towards a blood test for the early detection of lung cancer. Experiments including larger patients and control group numbers, sera from patients with different types of lung cancer, as well as the comparison of this BARD1 isoform test with the standard test for lung cancer detection (CT scan), are currently ongoing, and should lead to optimized test conditions and a definition of the target patient set.
Provision of consumer health information in general practice
Authors: B J Elliott, J S Polkinhorn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The term “consumer health information” is relatively new and refers to information about healthy living, medical conditions, and health and other services that is provided direct to consumers. There are arguments for developing consumer health information independently of providers of primary care and other health care. It could then be seen as impartial and as a source of empowerment for consumers of health care. On the other hand, people have traditionally gone to their general practitioner for advice on their health and find general practice surgeries convenient and appropriate places to seek information on health.1 Although there are several examples of innovations in the provision of health information to patients in general practice,*RF 2-5* there is no clear picture of the overall provision of consumer health information in general practices.

### and results

A brief questionnaire about consumer health information (written, on video tape, or on audio tape) was sent in April …
Tackling therapeutic inertia: role of treatment data in quality indicators
Authors: Bruce Guthrie, Melanie Inkster, Tom Fahey
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Many patients with hypertension remain undertreated despite the apparent rosy picture given by doctors meeting current targets. Different measures are needed to overcome therapeutic inertia, argue <b>Bruce Guthrie, Melanie Inkster, </b>and<b> Tom Fahey</b>
The Biology of Dreaming
Authors: Robert L. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>Sleep: Its Nature and Physiological Organization</h3> , by Werner P. Koella, 199 pp, with illus, $10, Springfield, Ill: Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1967. A number of books have recently appeared in an attempt to bring the reader up to date about the process of sleep and the phenomena of dreaming. In<i>The Biology of Dreaming</i>, Hartman focuses attention on dreaming and devotes 15 chapters to an extensive review of recent research. In systematic fashion, he reviews the phylogeny and ontogeny of the dream state and examines the periphery and neurophysiology of dreaming. He presents evidence indicating the organism's need for the dream state and examines the current knowledge of chemistry on this aspect. The evidence of the cyclic nature of sleeping and dreaming is examined and so is the relationship of dreaming to mental illness, medical illness, and psychosomatic conditions. He concludes with some comments about the functions of dreaming which
Role of the retinoic acid receptor-α in HIV-associated nephropathy
Authors: Krishna K. Ratnam, Xiaobei Feng, Peter Y. Chuang, Vikram Verma, Ting-Chi Lu, Jinshan Wang, Yuanmeng Jin, Eduardo F. Farias, Joseph L. Napoli, Nan Chen, Lewis Kaufman, Tomoko Takano, Vivette D. D’Agati, Paul E. Klotman, John C. He
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Moderate Aortic Enlargement and Bicuspid Aortic Valve Are Associated With Aortic Dissection in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Misty Carlson, Nathan Airhart, Leo Lopez, Michael Silberbach
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Girls and women with Turner syndrome are at risk for aortic dissection and rupture. However, the size of the aorta and the clinical characteristics among those with Turner syndrome and dissection have received little attention.We obtained medical records from 20 individuals who voluntarily participated in the International Turner Syndrome Aortic Dissection Registry. Type A dissections occurred in 17 of 20 (85%) cases, and type B occurred in 3 cases of which 1 occurred after coarctation stent placement. Of those with spontaneous aortic dissections, 18 of 19 (95%) had an associated cardiac malformation that included a bicuspid aortic valve. In 1 individual there was no predisposing finding other than the presence of Turner syndrome. Associated pregnancy was documented in 1 of 19 (5%). More than half (13/19, 68%) came to medical attention >24 hours after the onset of symptoms. For those with type A dissections, the mean ascending aortic size index was 2.7±0.6 cm/m(2) (n=9).Aortic dissection in Turner syndrome occurs in young individuals at smaller aortic diameters than in the general population or other forms of genetically triggered aortopathy. The absence of aortic valve or other cardiac malformations appears to markedly reduce the risk of aortic dissection However, aortic dissection can occur in Turner syndrome without cardiac malformations or hypertension. Individuals with Turner syndrome who are >18 years of age with an ascending aortic size index >2.5 cm/m(2) should be considered for an aortic operation to prevent aortic dissection.
Serum from Parkinson’s disease patients presents excess of protein halogenation and nitrosylation, with anomalous nitrosylation of serum α-synuclein as potentially etiological factor
Authors: Emilio Fernandez, Jose-Manuel Garcia-Moreno, Angel Martin de Pablos, Jose Chacon
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Halogenative and nitrosative stress are two types of oxidative stress that have been proposed as pathogenic mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). They can be caused by over-stimulation of phagocytes. We hypothesize that maintained phagocyte overstimulation leads to both halogenative and nitrosative stress in Parkinson’s disease, which are present in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients. These types of oxidative stress could modify proteins related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
Effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing head injury in children: case-control study
Authors: S Thomas, C Acton, J Nixon, D Battistutta, W R Pitt, R Clark
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To examine the risk of injury to the head and the effect of wearing helmets in bicycle accidents among children. <b>Design</b> : Case-control study by questionnaire completed by the children and their carers. <b>Setting</b> : Two large children9s hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. <b>Subjects</b> : 445 children presenting with bicycle related injuries during 15 April 1991 to 30 June 1992. The cases comprised 102 children who had sustained injury to the upper head including the skull, forehead and scalp or loss of consciousness. The controls were 278 cyclists presenting with injuries other than to the head or face. A further 65 children with injuries to the face were considered as an extra comparison group. <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Cause and type of injury, wearing of helmet. <b>Results</b> : Most children (230) were injured after losing control and falling from their bicycle. Only 31 had contact with another moving vehicle. Children with head injury were significantly more likely to have made contact with a moving vehicle than control children (19 (19%) v 12 (4%), P&lt;0.001). Head injuries were more likely to occur on paved surfaces than on grass, gravel, or dirt. Wearing a helmet reduced the risk of head injury by 63% (95% confidence interval 34% to 80%) and of loss of consciousness by 86% (62% to 95%). <b>Conclusions</b> : The risk of head injury in bicycle accidents is reduced among children wearing a helmet. Current helmet design maximises protection in the type of accident most commonly occurring in this study. Legislation enforcing helmet use among children should be considered.
NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPERINSULINISM AND OTHER HYPOGLYCEMIC STATES
Authors: EDWARD H. RYNEARSON
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The neurologist so frequently is confronted with diagnostic problems involving bizarre nervous symptoms that he should acquaint himself with syndromes which may have as a predominating symptom some nervous manifestation, although the underlying disease may be outside his special field. Hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia are conditions of this type, and, although not primarily of neurologic importance, the presenting symptoms may be of a distinctly nervous character. Symptoms from both overactivity and underactivity of the endocrine glands generally have been recognized. Thus both exophthalmic goiter and myxedema have been attributed to the thyroid gland for many years. For some unknown reason, however, the recognition of symptoms resulting from the overactivity of certain glands has lagged behind the recognition of the symptoms of underactivity. Diabetes, parathyroid tetany and hyposuprarenalism (Addison's disease) were described long before hyperinsulinism, hyperparathyroidism and hypersuprarenalism. We are limiting this paper to conditions that are the antithesis of diabetes, in
Effects of Glycemic Control on Plasma 3-Deoxyglucosone Levels in NIDDM Patients
Authors: Yoji Hamada, Jiro Nakamura, Hiroki Fujisawa, Hisashi Yago, Eltaro Nakashima, Naoki Koh, Nlgishi Hotta
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To clarify the effects of glycemic control on the level of 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), a reactive dicarbonyl compound, in plasma from diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting plasma samples were collected from 15 healthy volunteers and 27 patients with NIDDM. Samples were collected from six poorly controlled patients before and after improved glycemic control for at least 2 months. Plasma 3-DG was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a 2,3-diaminonaphthalene derivative. We observed the relationship of 3-DG levels with plasma glucose or HbA1c levels and examined changes in 3-DG levels after glycemic control in the six patients. RESULTS Plasma 3-DG was significantly more increased in diabetic patients than in nondiabetic control subjects (31.8 ± 11.3 vs. 12.8 ± 5.2 ng/ml, means ± SD, P &amp;lt; 0.001), but there was an ∼ threefold difference in 3-DG levels among diabetic patients. 3-DG levels were well correlated with plasma glucose (r = 0.56, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and HbA1c levels (r = 0.74, P &amp;lt; 0.001) in diabeticpatients. The improvement of hyperglycemia in six patients resulted in a significant decrease in 3-DG (35.2 ± 13.2 vs. 21.3 ±3.4 ng/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the plasma glucose level is a predominant determinant of the plasma 3-DG level in diabetic patients and good glycemic control would be important to reduce this reactive metabolite.
The Biochemistry and Clinical Application of Vitamin P
Authors: Benjamin A. Levitan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE term vitamin P was proposed by Armentano and his co-workers1 to denote a group of compounds distinct from ascorbic acid that maintained the physical strength of capillaries. This concept grew out of investigations to determine why crude sources of vitamin C controlled hemorrhages in vascular purpura whereas purified ascorbic acid was ineffective. From the ascorbic-acid-free residue of the mother substance, a faintly yellow crystalline material, which was found to exert the so-called vitamin P activity, was extracted. Because of its derivation from citrus fruits, this active powder was called citrin. Various analyses revealed that citrin was a mixture of . . .
IgM in Skin Lesions of Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Raymond L. Garcia
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE ASSOCIATION of systemic amyloidosis with monoclonal-component or M-component diseases such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, lymphomas, and leukemia is well known. The purpose of this communication is to present a case of aleukemic chronic lymphocytic leukemia with an IgM paraprotein M-component associated with primary systemic amyloidosis in which IgM was found in the skin lesions on immunofluorescent staining. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 52-year-old man came to our clinic with a five-month history of an asymptomatic generalized eruption of waxy papules. The eruption was preceded by two months of a gradual progression of numbness and burning in all extremities and a weakness in both hands. On physical examination, numerous smooth, skin-colored, translucent papules (2 to 4 mm), several with a hemorrhagic component, were noted on the elbows, knees, calves, shins, wrists, buttocks, and ventral aspect of the upper extremities (Fig 1). There were two areas of linear purpura on
Associated social factors of prevalent asthma in adults and the very old in the <scp>UK</scp>
Authors: I. Shiue
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Social determinants of asthma in adults and the very old have received little attention. Hence, it was aimed to examine social determinants of asthma in adults and the very old in a national population‐based setting. Data were analyzed in the UK Longitudinal Household Survey, 2009–2010. Information on demographics, living and work conditions, self‐reported ever asthma and age of onset was obtained by household interview. Regional difference was also examined. Analysis involved t‐test and logistic regression modeling. Of 50 994 people included in the cohort, 6269 (12.3%) had ever asthma. In 2977 people, it occurred in the adulthood (16+ years) and only 91 people had their first asthma (incident asthma) at the age when they were interviewed. Education was borderline associated with asthma in the very old. In the young and middle‐aged adults, however, birth place had a significant impact. Additionally, there was no regional difference in asthma prevalence across the entire UK .
Harry Richardson Gray
Authors: J. Hall
Journal: BMJ (2002)

General practitioner Gravesend, Kent, 1948-85 (b Wallasey, Cheshire, 1917; q Liverpool University 1941), d 4 April 2002.


During the second world war, Harry joined Ian Fleming's secret army, “30 Assault Unit.” Its mission was to enter locations ahead of the rest of the Allied Forces to acquire intelligence information before the enemy had a chance to destroy it. Harry was one of the colourful characters in the unit, working outside the Geneva Convention ahead of the Allied landings in Normandy and the liberation of Paris. He was only one of three medical officers in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve to qualify as a parachutist during the war and he was mentioned in dispatches. Harry became a founder member of the Royal College of General Practitioners, although he did not always see eye to eye with the college. During the last few years of his life he had Parkinson's disease, a lung tumour, and cataracts. He also had three hip operations. He eventually succumbed to a rapidly growing lymphoma and died peacefully. Married three times, he leaves his third wife, Sue, and two sons from his first marriage.
Prospective Internal Validation of Mathematical Models to Predict Malignancy in Adnexal Masses: Results from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Study
Authors: Caroline Van Holsbeke, Ben Van Calster, Antonia C. Testa, Ekaterini Domali, Chuan Lu, Sabine Van Huffel, Lil Valentin, Dirk Timmerman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: To prospectively test the mathematical models for calculation of the risk of malignancy in adnexal masses that were developed on the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) phase 1 data set on a new data set and to compare their performance with that of pattern recognition, our standard method. Methods: Three IOTA centers included 507 new patients who all underwent a transvaginal ultrasound using the standardized IOTA protocol. The outcome measure was the histologic classification of excised tissue. The diagnostic performance of 11 mathematical models that had been developed on the phase 1 data set and of pattern recognition was expressed as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and as sensitivity and specificity when using the cutoffs recommended in the studies where the models had been created. For pattern recognition, an AUC was made based on level of diagnostic confidence. Results: All IOTA models performed very well and quite similarly, with sensitivity and specificity ranging between 92% and 96% and 74% and 84%, respectively, and AUCs between 0.945 and 0.950. A least squares support vector machine with linear kernel and a logistic regression model had the largest AUCs. For pattern recognition, the AUC was 0.963, sensitivity was 90.2%, and specificity was 92.9%. Conclusion: This internal validation of mathematical models to estimate the malignancy risk in adnexal tumors shows that the IOTA models had a diagnostic performance similar to that in the original data set. Pattern recognition used by an expert sonologist remains the best method, although the difference in performance between the best mathematical model is not large.
A National Study of Internal Medicine and Its Specialties: I. An Overview of the Practice of Internal Medicine
Authors: ROGER A. GIRARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A nationwide study of 24 medical and surgical specialties has been conducted by the University of Southern California School of Medicine, Division of Research in Medical Education. This article is the first in a series reporting findings for general internal medicine and 10 subspecialties of internal medicine. Populations for these 11 specialties are defined and enumerated, and the specialties are compared in terms of demographic and geographic distribution. Practice comparisons are presented based on characteristics such as workload, allocation of professional time, location of encounters with patients, distribution of primary problem diagnoses, and projections of annual patient encounters. Forthcoming specialty-specific articles will present highly detailed information for general internal medicine and for the subspecialties of cardiology, gastroenterology, pulmonary disease, allergy, hematology, endocrinology, nephrology, medical oncology, rheumatology, and infectious diseases.
Doctors do not recognise that carbon is public health matter
Authors: Anne Glusker
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The impact of climate change on currently recognised health risks and on public health in general should be emphasised to help the public and policy makers better understand the link between climate and health, a global group of health and science editors recommended at a meeting last week.

The World Health Editors Network (WHEN) met in Geneva to discuss how best to communicate the effect of climate change on health, which is the theme for the World Health Organization’s world health day, …
Predictors of Systemic Embolism in Patients with Mitral Stenosis: A Prospective Study
Authors: C W Chiang, S K Lo, Y S Ko, N J Cheng, P J Lin, C H Chang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Most studies of the predictors of systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis have been retrospective. Objective: To prospectively study factors associated with systemic embolism in mitral stenosis. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University-affiliated medical institution with 3000 beds. Patients: 534 consecutive patients with a mitral valve area of 2.0 cm (2) or less; 132 patients were in sinus rhythm, and 402 were in atrial fibrillation. Measurements: Nine clinical and 10 echocardiographic variables were assessed for prediction of systemic embolism over a mean (±SD) follow-up of 36.9 ± 22.5 months. Diagnosis of systemic embolism was based on symptoms and signs (sudden onset of peripheral arterial ischemic or neurologic manifestations without prodromes) and on findings on computed tomography, angiography, and surgery. Results: For patients in sinus rhythm, age (relative risk [RR], 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.21]), the presence of a left atrial thrombus (RR, 37.1 [CI, 2.82 to 487.8]), mitral valve area (RR, 16.9 [CI, 1.53 to 187.0]), and the presence of significant aortic regurgitation (RR, 22.4 [CI, 2.72 to 184.8]) were positively associated with embolism. For patients in atrial fibrillation, previous embolism (RR, 3.11 [CI, 1.66 to 5.85]) was positively associated with embolism; percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (RR, 0.37 [CI, 0.18 to 0.79]) was a negative predictor. Conclusions: It may be prudent to give anticoagulants not only to patients in atrial fibrillation and patients with previous systemic embolism but also to those showing a left atrial thrombus or significant aortic regurgitation on echocardiography. Early percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy may also help prevent systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis.
From the Authors
Authors: A. Nayci, S. Atis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

To the Editor: 

I read with great interest the report by Nayci et al. 1, regarding rigid bronchoscopy­induced bacterial translocation in rats. However, several of their speculative comments are misleading and merit comment.

First, the animal model used in their study does not completely reproduce all the features of rigid bronchoscopy in humans. Bronchoscopy means examination of the tracheobronchial tree through a bronchoscope. In the current study, the inserted angiocath did not have similar physical properties of a rigid bronchoscope. Furthermore, this examination was performed outside the tracheobronchial tree through a lateral neck incision. For this reason, it would be …