tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induced Sputum Inflammatory Mediator Concentrations in Eosinophilic Bronchitis and Asthma
Authors: CHRISTOPHER E. BRIGHTLING, RICHARD WARD, GERRIT WOLTMANN, PETER BRADDING, JAMES R. SHELLER, RYSZARD DWORSKI, IAN D. PAVORD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Eosinophilic bronchitis is a common cause of chronic cough, which like asthma is characterized by sputum eosinophilia, but in contrast to asthma there is no variable airflow obstruction or airway hyperresponsiveness. Our hypothesis was that the differences in airway pathophysiology maybe due to less active airway inflammation in eosinophilic bronchitis, with reduced release of important effector mediators. We measured the concentration of various proinflammatory mediators in induced sputum cell-free supernatant in eight patients with eosinophilic bronchitis, 17 patients with asthma matched for sputum eosinophil count, and 10 normal subjects. Cysteinyl-leukotrienes (cys-LT) were measured by enzyme immunoassay, eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) by fluoroimmunoassay, prostanoids (PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, and PGF2 α) by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectroscopy, and histamine by radioenzymic assay. The geometric mean sputum eosinophil count was similar in asthma (13.4%) and eosinophilic bronchitis (12.5%). Sputum cys-LT and ECP were a mean (95% CI) 1.6-fold (1.1, 2.5) and 6.4-fold (1.4, 28) higher in eosinophilic bronchitis and 1.9-fold (1.3, 2.9) and 7.7-fold (1.2, 46) higher in asthma compared with that in control subjects (geometric mean, 5.9 and 95 ng/ml, respectively). In eosinophilic bronchitis the mean concentration of sputum PGD2 (0.79 ng/ml) and histamine (168 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in asthma (mean absolute difference in PGD2 concentration, 0.47 ng/ml [95% CI, 0.19 to 0.74] and mean-fold difference in histamine concentration, 6.7 [95% CI 1.7 to 26]) and normal subjects (0.64 ng/ml [0.36 to 0.90] and 11-fold [3.3 to 36]), respectively. In conclusion, eosinophilic bronchitis is associated with active airway inflammation with increased release of vasoactive and bronchoconstrictor mediators.
The endothelin A receptor antagonist LU 135252 protects the myocardium from neutrophil injury during ischaemia/reperfusion
Authors: A Gonon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is not only a potent vasoconstrictor but also a stimulator of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) aggregation and adhesion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an ETA receptor antagonist attenuates the PMN-mediated contractile dysfunction following myocardial ischaemia. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff method. The hearts were subjected to global ischaemia and reperfused with buffer solution only, or human PMNs dissolved in rat plasma (HNRP). Results: In an initial study, the ETA receptor antagonist LU 135252 (1 and 10 μmol/l) or ET-1 (1 and 10 nmol/l) did not significantly affect the recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) or the rate pressure product (RPP) during reperfusion with buffer solution only compared to a vehicle group. In a second study on hearts reperfused with HNRP, administration of LU 135252 (10 μmol/l) significantly enhanced the recovery of LVDP, dP/dt and RPP in hearts reperfused with HNRP. LVEDP was 20 mmHg lower in hearts given LU 135252 than vehicle in combination with HNRP (P<0.05). The outflow of PMNs in the coronary effluent during reperfusion was 41±8% in hearts given LU 135252 compared to 9±5% in vehicle-treated hearts (P<0.01). There was a significant correlation between the myocardial functional recovery and the outflow of PMNs. Administration of ET-1 (0.1 and 1 nmol/l) in combination with HNRP resulted in complete loss of contractile function and no outflow of PMNs during reperfusion. Conclusion: The ETA receptor antagonist LU 135252 protects from ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart in the presence of PMNs. It is suggested that inhibition of PMN-induced injury during reperfusion is an important cardioprotective action of LU 135252.
Oesophagitis in Italian and Hungarian Asymptomatic Subjects
Authors: R. Cheli, L. Simon, K. Elster, R. Bocchini
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

It is known that chronic inflammatory phenomena of the gastric mucosa fairly often occur in asymptomatic subjects. Starting from this fact, the authors decided to investigate possible non-symptomatic oesophageal inflammatory lesions referable to oesophagitis and any other digestive and/or systemic pathology.
Telemedicine may cut emergency admissions for COPD
Authors: H. Vickers
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Remote healthcare technologies may reduce the number of emergency admissions to hospital among patients with certain long term conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), show preliminary results from a large randomised controlled trial of such technology.

Although the full results are yet to be published, leaders of the “whole systems demonstrator” (WSD) programme discussed their initial insights at the International Congress on Telehealth and Telecare at the King’s Fund in London on 2 and 3 March.

“These are very early indications on preliminary data, suggesting in the …
Enforced fucosylation of cord blood hematopoietic cells accelerates neutrophil and platelet engraftment after transplantation
Authors: Uday Popat, Rohtesh S. Mehta, Katayoun Rezvani, Patricia Fox, Kayo Kondo, David Marin, Ian McNiece, Betul Oran, Chitra Hosing, Amanda Olson, Simrit Parmar, Nina Shah, Michael Andreeff, Partow Kebriaei, Indreshpal Kaur, Eric Yvon, Marcos de Lima, Laurence J. N. Cooper, Priti Tewari, Richard E. Champlin, Yago Nieto, Borje S. Andersson, Amin Alousi, Roy B. Jones, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash, Qaiser Bashir, Stefan Ciurea, Sairah Ahmed, Paolo Anderlini, Doyle Bosque, Catherine Bollard, Jeffrey J. Molldrem, Julianne Chen, Gabriela Rondon, Michael Thomas, Leonard Miller, Steve Wolpe, Paul Simmons, Simon Robinson, Patrick A. Zweidler-McKay, Elizabeth J. Shpall
Journal: Blood (2015)
Insight on the Irrawaddy
Authors: Aron Dana Rose
Journal: JAMA (2015)

I stifle a gasp as the young woman lifts her blouse. There, her baby son struggles to suckle, his access to the breast nearly obstructed by a hideously engorged, phallus-like tumor that grows out of his eye socket. She looks at me, her only hope, with unbearable shame.
THIAMINE OVERDOSAGE AND TOXICITY
Authors: Clarence A. Mills
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The use of thiamine hydrochloride, through both lay and medical channels, has reached large proportions. With inferential evidence only regarding human requirements for the maintenance of good health, and without any published evidence of toxicity, the tendency has been toward an intake well above established deficiency levels. Williams and his associates (Williams, R. D.; Mason, H. L.; Wilder, R. M., and Smith, B. F.: Observations on Induced Thiamine Deficiency in Man,<i>Arch. Int. Med.</i><b>66</b>:785 [Oct.] 1940) showed that definite deficiency symptoms would develop in otherwise normal adults kept on a daily intake of 0.15 mg. for several months, while it is generally presumed that 2 to 3 mg. daily will cover the normal adult needs in health. Little evidence has been presented, however, to show just how much the daily intake need be increased in patients suffering from long-standing deficiency. Here again the tendency has
242 Human eosinophils (Eos) express RANTES mRNA and store and release biologically active RANTES protein
Authors: S YING, Q MENG, L TABORDABARATA, C CORRIGAN, J BARKANS, B ASSOUFI, R MOQBEL, S DURHAM, A KAY
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Neonatal death rate continues to fall in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The number of neonatal and perinatal deaths has decreased since 2000, particularly deaths in babies from twin pregnancies, but there has been no reduction in the stillbirth rate, according to figures for England, Wales, and Northern Ireland published this week.

The neonatal mortality rate (deaths in babies in the four weeks after birth) was 3.4 per 1000 total births in the newly reported figures for 2006, decreasing slightly from 3.5 per 1000 total births in 2005. It continues the downward trend in neonatal deaths over the past few years, from 3.9 per 1000 live births in 2000 (P<0.001). 

The commonest cause of neonatal death in the latest figures was immaturity (47%), followed by lethal or severe congenital anomalies (23%) and infection (10%).

Further data reported …
THE CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF INORGANIC CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS DURING CONVULSIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL ORIGIN, IN CATS, BEFORE AND AFTER THYROPARATHY-ROIDECTOMY, WITH AND WITHOUT BROMIDE THERAPY
Authors: Helen C. Coombs, Donald S. Searle, F. H. Pike
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1934)

1. The minimal convulsant and total dosage of a drug necessary to elicit convulsions is much less in cats after thyroparathyroidectomy than in control animals. 2. The number of electrical excitations of the cortical motor area possible in cats after thyroparathyroidectomy is much smaller than in controls. 3. The number of occlusions of the head arteries which can be done in animals after thyroparathyroidectomy is much smaller than in controls. 4. The administration of sodium bromide for two weeks before thyroparathyroidectomy prevents the post-operative appearance of tetany and, if continued, prolongs life for at least three or four weeks without other remedial measures. 5. In cats after thyroparathyroidectomy, the calcium phosphorus ratio is almost 50 per cent lower than in controls; the calcium phosphorus ratio in cats under bromides before operation is, however less changed, and may even approach the ratio of the controls. 6. While there is always a rise in calcium and phosphorus of the blood serum following experimentally induced convulsions, both in controls and after simple thyroparathyroidectomy, previous administration of bromides causes a fall of calcium and phosphorus following convulsions, in both sets of conditions.
The Autoimmune Regulator AIRE in Thymoma Biology: Autoimmunity and Beyond
Authors: Alexander Marx, Peter Hohenberger, Hans Hoffmann, Joachim Pfannschmidt, Philipp Schnabel, Hans-Stefan Hofmann, Karsten Wiebe, Berthold Schalke, Wilfred Nix, Ralf Gold, Nick Willcox, Pärt Peterson, Philipp Ströbel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Fields and Forests in Flames: Vegetation Smoke and Human Health
Authors: Bob Weinhold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

summer as the area where he lives was regularly swathed in smoke from wildfires nearby and in New Mexico and Arizona, each of which had the largest wildfire in its history.The smell of the fumes reminded him of his days fighting and patrolling for wildfires while working for the U.S. Forest Service in Oregon.P eople have lived for tens of thousands of years in the presence of smoke from fires.That long period of adaptation tends to allow healthy younger adults in today's environments to be generally resistant to serious adverse health effects from smoke from sources such as wildfires, prescribed forest burns, agricultural field burns, and peat bog fires, says Wayne Cascio, director of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Environmental Public Health Division.But a high percentage of people aren't young, healthy adults.In the United States, nearly half the population suffers from at least one chronic illness, 1 potentially placing them at risk for adverse effects from exposure to fire smoke.Children and older adults also are considered more vulnerable to smoke's effects. 2 The limited health research that's been done on smoke from large-scale fires has provided some refinements to these general categories of vulnerable people, and new information occasionally emerges.There also has been a trickle of information identifying the toxic substances that characterize smoke from various kinds of fires, and pinning down the specific body systems that are vulnerable and the pathways through which damage occurs.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Children Riding in the Back of Pickup Trucks
Authors: Neil B. Hampson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

OBJECTIVE - To describe the case characteristics of a series of children poisoned with carbon monoxide while traveling in the back of pickup trucks. DESIGN - Pediatric cases referred for treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen between 1986 and 1991 were reviewed. Those cases that occurred during travel in the back of pickup trucks were selected. Clinical follow-up by telephone interview ranged from 2 to 55 months. SETTING - A private, urban, tertiary care center in Seattle, Wash. PATIENTS - Twenty children ranging from 4 to 16 years of age. INTERVENTION - All patients were treated with hyperbaric oxygen. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES - Characteristics of the poisoning incident and clinical patient outcome. RESULTS - Of 68 pediatric patients treated for accidental carbon monoxide poisoning, 20 cases occurred as children rode in the back of pickup trucks. In 17 of these, the children were riding under a rigid closed canopy on the rear of the truck, while three episodes occurred as children rode beneath a tarpaulin. Average carboxyhemoglobin level on emergency department presentation was 18.2% +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SEM; range, 1.6% to 37.0%). Loss of consciousness occurred in 15 of the 20 children. One child died of cerebral edema, one had permanent neurologic deficits, and 18 had no recognizable sequelae related to the episode. In all cases, the truck exhaust system had a previously known leak or a tail pipe that exited at the rear rather than at the side of the pickup truck. CONCLUSIONS - Carbon monoxide poisoning is a significant hazard for children who ride in the back of pickup trucks. If possible, this practice should be avoided.
A STUDY OF VACCINATION IN FIVE HUNDRED NEW-BORN INFANTS
Authors: H. H. DONNALLY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

More interest in early vaccination of infants has developed in recent years than ever before because of more concern for public health and preventive medicine, and the desirability of having as many as possible in the general population immune to the various preventable diseases. For the most part compulsory vaccination in the United States applies only to children before they enter the public schools. This allows vaccination in the majority of children to be deferred until school age, whereas it has long been established, although not so widely carried out, that infants, even new-born infants, bear vaccinia well, with a moderate local and insignificant constitutional disturbance, such as a febrile reaction, an altered well being and an unfavorable effect on nutrition. Statistical tabulations<sup>1</sup>of vaccinial encephalomyelitis are uniform in disclosing that its occurrence is lowest among infants vaccinated in the early months of life. This fact has undoubtedly stimulated
Maintenance treatment with quetiapine versus discontinuation after one year of treatment in patients with remitted first episode psychosis: randomised controlled trial
Authors: E. Y. H. Chen, C. L. M. Hui, M. M. L. Lam, C. P. Y. Chiu, C. W. Law, D. W. S. Chung, S. Tso, E. P. F. Pang, K. T. Chan, Y. C. Wong, F. Y. M. Mo, K. P. M. Chan, T. J. Yao, S. F. Hung, W. G. Honer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To study rates of relapse in remitted patients with first episode psychosis who either continued or discontinued antipsychotic drugs after at least one year of maintenance treatment.12 month randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.Early psychosis outpatient clinics in Hong Kong.178 patients with first episode psychosis who had received at least one year of antipsychotic drug treatment between September 2003 and July 2006 and had no positive symptoms of psychosis.Patients received either maintenance treatment with quetiapine (400 mg/day) or placebo and were followed up for the next 12 months or until a relapse occurred.Relapse assessed monthly and defined as re-emergence of psychotic symptoms (delusions, conceptual disorganisation, hallucinations, suspiciousness, and unusual thought content) according to predefined thresholds.178 patients were randomised (89 to quetiapine and 89 to placebo). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the risk of relapse at 12 months was 41% (95% confidence interval 29% to 53%) for the quetiapine group and 79% (68% to 90%) for the placebo group (P<0.001). Although quetiapine was generally well tolerated, the rate of discontinuation due to adverse or serious adverse events was greater in the quetiapine group (18%; 16/89) than in the placebo group (8%; 7/89) (relative risk 2.29, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 5.28; chi(2)=3.20, df=1; P=0.07).In a group of asymptomatic patients with first episode psychosis and at least one year of previous antipsychotic drug treatment, maintenance treatment with quetiapine compared with placebo resulted in a substantially lower rate of relapse during the following year. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00334035.
How irritating: the role of TRPA1 in sensing cigarette smoke and aerogenic oxidants in the airways
Authors: Sidney A. Simon, Wolfgang Liedtke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Airway irritants cause a variety of lung pathologies. Two separate studies, the first recently reported in the JCI by Bessac et al. and the second reported by Andrè et al. in the current issue of the JCI (see the related article beginning on page 2574), have identified irritants that activate transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) receptors in airway sensory neurons, resulting in neurogenic inflammation and respiratory hypersensitivity. The identification of TRPA1 activation by toxicants from cigarette smoke and polluted air, such as crotonaldehyde, acrolein, and oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, is an important finding. These two studies enhance our understanding of how pollution and cigarette smoke can damage airway function and will hopefully pave the way for the development of rational alternative therapeutics for such airway injury.
Tumor clone dynamics in lethal prostate cancer
Authors: Suzanne Carreira, Alessandro Romanel, Jane Goodall, Emily Grist, Roberta Ferraldeschi, Susana Miranda, Davide Prandi, David Lorente, Jean-Sebastien Frenel, Carmel Pezaro, Aurelius Omlin, Daniel Nava Rodrigues, Penelope Flohr, Nina Tunariu, Johann S. de Bono, Francesca Demichelis, Gerhardt Attard
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

Independent clones with distinct genomic patterns show complex dynamics over the lethal course of prostate cancer, with gradual emergence of drug-resistant clones.
Olsalazine in active ulcerative colitis.
Authors: W S Selby, G D Barr, A Ireland, C H Mason, D P Jewell
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Olsalazine (azodisalicylate) is a new drug in which two molecules of 5-aminosalicylic acid are linked by an azo bond. Its role in the treatment of mildly active, distal ulcerative colitis was investigated. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive olsalazine 1 g or a placebo as a retention enema nightly for two weeks. Clinical improvement was seen in 19 (66%) and sigmoidoscopic improvement in 17 (59%) of the 29 patients receiving olsalazine compared with 12 (43%) and 11 (39%), respectively, of the 28 in the control group. These differences were not significant. In a second trial 40 patients were randomised to receive oral olsalazine 2 g daily or a placebo capsule for two weeks. Significant clinical and sigmoidoscopic improvement was seen in the patients receiving oral olsalazine compared with the patients receiving placebo capsules. Oral olsalazine may be valuable in the treatment of mildly active ulcerative colitis. Its role in maintaining remission is yet to be determined.
Application of Genomic Technology in Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Lorraine Dugoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In this issue of the Journal, three research teams report on the application of the microarray in prenatal and reproductive genetics.13 These reports highlight the power and complexity, and some of the pitfalls, of using new genomic technology in clinical practice. Chromosomal microarrays can detect almost all the chromosomal imbalances detected in conventional cytogenetic analysis in addition to submicroscopic deletions and duplications that are at least 1 kb in size, termed copy-number variants. These variants are typically classified as benign, pathogenic, or of uncertain clinical significance.4 Chromosomal microarrays are recommended as the first-tier diagnostic test for the postnatal evaluation . . .
Abstract IA6: Elucidation of enhancer-like RNAs
Authors: Ramin Shiekhattar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression is achieved through the instruction provided by the distal transcriptional regulatory elements known as enhancers. How enhancers transmit such information to their targets has been a subject of intense investigation. Recent advances in high throughput analysis of the mammalian transcriptome have revealed a surprising result indicating that a large number of enhancers are transcribed to non-coding RNAs. While long non-coding RNAs were initially shown to confer epigenetic transcriptional repression, recent studies have uncovered a role for a class of such transcripts in gene-specific activation often from distal genomic regions. We will discuss the recent findings on the role of long non-coding RNAs in transcriptional regulation with an emphasis on new developments on the functional links between long non-coding RNAs and enhancers. Citation Format: Ramin Shiekhattar. Elucidation of enhancer-like RNAs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA6.
An oncolytic adenoviral vector of Smac increases antitumor activity of TRAIL against HCC in human cells and in mice
Authors: Zifei Pei, Liang Chu, Weiguo Zou, Zilai Zhang, Songbo Qiu, Rong Qi, Jinfa Gu, Cheng Qian, Xinyuan Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) displays a high resistance to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis–inducing ligand (TRAIL)–mediated cell death. To increase sensitivity of HCC cells to TRAIL, we have constructed an oncolytic adenoviral vector (ZD55) and used this vector to deliver second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) and TRAIL genes (ZD55-Smac and ZD55-TRAIL, respectively) into HCC cells. Our data showed that human HCC cells express high levels of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Transfected HCC cells expressing exogenous X-linked IAPs (XIAPs) displayed more resistance to TRAIL. The expression of Smac led to rapid and potent activation of apoptosis in HCC cells after infection with ZD55-Smac. The activation of caspases and induction of apoptosis could be enhanced further through coinfection with ZD55-TRAIL. The combined treatment of ZD55-Smac and ZD55-TRAIL resulted in significant reduction of XIAP expression levels. In addition, our in vivo data in mice showed only a partial response in the established tumor treated either by ZD55-Smac or ZD55-TRAIL alone. By contrast, complete tumor regression was observed by combination of ZD55-Smac and ZD55-TRAIL in all treated animals. This strong antitumoral activity achieved by this combination was due to a dramatic induction of tumor cell apoptosis in the treated tumors. In conclusion, our data indicate that Smac antagonizes the IAPs in HCC tumor cells and enhances tumor cell death induced by TRAIL in the oncolytic adenoviral vector. The combination of Smac and TRAIL delivered by way of the oncolytic adenoviral vector would provide a useful strategy for therapy of HCC and might also be applied to other IAPs abundant in cancers. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:1371–1381.)