tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Institutional Academic−Industry Relationships
Authors: Eric G. Campbell, Joel S. Weissman, Susan Ehringhaus, Sowmya R. Rao, Beverly Moy, Sandra Feibelmann, Susan Dorr Goold
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Institutional academic-industry relationships have the potential of creating institutional conflicts of interest. To date there are no empirical data to support the establishment and evaluation of institutional policies and practices related to managing these relationships.To conduct a national survey of department chairs about the nature, extent, and consequences of institutional-academic industry relationships for medical schools and teaching hospitals.National survey of department chairs in the 125 accredited allopathic medical schools and the 15 largest independent teaching hospitals in the United States, administered between February 2006 and October 2006.Types of relationships with industry.A total of 459 of 688 eligible department chairs completed the survey, yielding an overall response rate of 67%. Almost two-thirds (60%) of department chairs had some form of personal relationship with industry, including serving as a consultant (27%), a member of a scientific advisory board (27%), a paid speaker (14%), an officer (7%), a founder (9%), or a member of the board of directors (11%). Two-thirds (67%) of departments as administrative units had relationships with industry. Clinical departments were more likely than nonclinical departments to receive research equipment (17% vs 10%, P = .04), unrestricted funds (19% vs 3%, P < .001), residency or fellowship training support (37% vs 2%, P < .001), and continuing medial education support (65% vs 3%, P < .001). However, nonclinical departments were more likely to receive funding from intellectual property licensing (27% vs 16%, P = .01). More than two-thirds of chairs perceived that having a relationship with industry had no effect on their professional activities, 72% viewed a chair's engaging in more than 1 industry-related activity (substantial role in a start-up company, consulting, or serving on a company's board) as having a negative impact on a department's ability to conduct independent unbiased research.Overall, institutional academic-industry relationships are highly prevalent and underscore the need for their active disclosure and management.
Attenuation of endothelium-related relaxation and enhanced responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle to histamine in spastic coronary arterial segments from miniature pigs.
Authors: Y Yamamoto, H Tomoike, K Egashira, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Mechanism of coronary spasm was examined regarding endothelium-related relaxation and contraction produced by smooth muscle cells of spastic vessels isolated from Göttingen miniature pigs. In these pigs, coronary artery spasm was documented angiographically in vivo three months after endothelial denudation, and spastic and control segments of the coronary artery were suspended in organ chambers at their optimal length for generating tension. Applications of KCl (118 mM), acetylcholine(10(-9) to 10(-4) M), and PGF2 alpha (10(-8) to 3 X 10(-5) M) produced similar tension, at the respective doses, in both the spastic and control coronary arteries. During increasing concentrations of histamine (10(-8) to 3 X 10(-4) M; n = 14) and serotonin (10(-9) to 10(-5) M; n = 13), the maximum tension of the spastic vessel was 136 +/- 6 and 97 +/- 4%, respectively, of the tension produced by 118 mM KCl. That is significantly larger than seen in the control vessels: 98 +/- 4 and 74 +/- 4%, respectively. The ED50 to histamine and serotonin was also significantly less in the spastic vessels. After mechanical removal of the endothelium, the tension generated during the cumulative administration of histamine (n = 8) but not serotonin (n = 8) was larger in the spastic than the control vessels, thereby suggesting the presence of augmented responses of the smooth muscle to histamine in the spastic vessels. The increase in maximum tension after mechanical denudation was greater in the control than the spastic vessels in cases of histamine and serotonin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Embryonic Determination and Differentiation
Authors: VERNON M. INGRAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

At the cellular level, development proceeds in a series of stages in which precursor cells are first restricted in their developmental potential (determination) and subsequently express their genetic information as specific tissues (differentiation). This paper discusses the problems encountered in seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms of these processes and describes several model systems. A novel approach involves the inhibition of differentiation by virus transformation of the precursor cells in the chick primary mesenchyme. The transformed cells are cloned, grown to large numbers, and then analyzed biochemically.
Prevention of maternal-infant hepatitis B virus transmission by immunization: The role of serum hepatitis B virus DNA
Authors: Shou-Dong Lee, Kwang-Juei Lo, Jaw-Ching Wu, Yang-Te Tsai, Jiin-Yu Wang, Ling-Pai Ting, Myron J. Tong
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Sera from 108 HBsAg carrier mothers at delivery and their respective offspring at birth and at 6 months of age were examined for hepatitis B virus DNA by the dot-blot hybridization technique. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 83% of 88 carrier mothers who were HBeAg positive, and in 10% of 20 carrier mothers who were HBeAg negative. All five infants born to HBeAg-positive carrier mothers with hepatitis B virus DNA levels over 80 pg per 10 μl of serum were infected by hepatitis B virus, in spite of receiving hepatitis B immunization. All 17 infants without hepatitis B immunization who were born to HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive carrier mothers developed hepatitis B virus infection. Of 56 infants born to HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA-positive carrier mothers and who had received hepatitis B immunization, a higher hepatitis B virus infection rate was found in a group of infants whose sera hepatitis B virus DNA were positive (15/16, 93.8%) than in infants whose sera were negative (17/40, 42.5%) at birth (p&lt;0.0005). These data suggest that the assay for hepatitis B virus DNA in sera of HBsAg carrier mothers at delivery or their infants at birth will predict the efficacy of hepatitis B immunization for prevention of maternal-infant hepatitis B virus transmission.
European parliament refuses to classify e-cigarettes as medicines
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The effects of quaternary ammonium compounds and inorganic ions on the decarbamylation of dimethylcarbamylacetylcholinesterase at low ionic strength have been investigated. Both similarities and differences between the effects of these compounds on deacetylation and decarbamylation have been noted. Small quaternary ammonium compounds, such as tetraethylammonium and <i>cis</i>-2,6-dimethylspiro(piperidine-1,19-pyrrolidinium) bromide, accelerate decarbamylation, an effect which has also been observed with deacetylation. Larger quaternary ammonium compounds, such as tetrapropylammonium, have no effect. on decarbamylation, whereas these compounds block deacetylation. Diethyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium iodide accelerates decarbamylation 71-fold, whereas this compound has a small inhibitory effect on deacetylation. NaCl and MgCl<sub>2</sub> accelerate decarbamylation, and organic and inorganic cations compete for the carbamylated enzyme. Different protein conformations of acetyl- and dimethylcarbamylacetylcholinesterase have been suggested.
Case 51-1982
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Presentation of Case A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of chrondritis of the left ear. She was well until nine weeks earlier, when she had a left earache; erythromycin was prescribed, without improvement. Five weeks before admission she entered another hospital, where a diagnosis of chondritis of the left ear was made. Cephazolin was administered by vein and prednisone by mouth. Her symptoms improved, and she was discharged five days later. The dose of prednisone was tapered, and the symptoms recurred. Three weeks before entry she returned to the same hospital, where examination showed that the left . . .
Plasma Concentration of Lipoprotein(a) and the Risk of Future Stroke
Authors: Paul M. Ridker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess prospectively the risk of future stroke associated with baseline concentration of lipoprotein(a), abbreviated Lp(a). <h3>Design.</h3> —Nested case-control study using baseline plasma samples. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Men in the Physicians' Health Study. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A cohort of 14 916 male physicians with no prior history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or myocardial infarction provided plasma samples at baseline and were followed prospectively for 7.5 years. Samples from 198 physicians who subsequently developed stroke (155 thromboembolic, 35 hemorrhagic, eight indeterminate) were analyzed for Lp(a) concentration together with paired controls, matched for age and smoking habit. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Fatal and nonfatal stroke. <h3>Results.</h3> —Median Lp(a) concentration (8.88 mg/dL [0.23 mmol/L] vs 8.55 mg/dL [0.22 mmol/L]),<i>P</i>=.69) and overall distributions of Lp(a) (<i>P</i>=.54) were similar at baseline in men who did and did not develop future stroke. In analyses controlling for age, smoking status, blood pressure, obesity, and the presence of diabetes, the relative risks (RRs) associated with baseline Lp(a) concentration exceeding the 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles of the control distribution were 1.26, 0.99,1.06, 0.90, and 1.03 (all<i>P</i>values nonsignificant). There was likewise no association in analyses limited to thromboembolic events. For example, among subjects with baseline Lp(a) values exceeding the 95th percentile of the control distribution, the RR of future thromboembolic stroke was 1.01 (<i>P</i>=.9). No evidence of association between Lp(a) and stroke risk was found in analyses limited to individuals with hypercholesterolemia. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Among nearly 15000 predominantly white, healthy, middleaged men followed in the Physicians' Health Study for a period of 7.5 years, we found no evidence of association between baseline plasma concentration of Lp(a) and future risk of total or thromboembolic stroke. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1269-1273)
Resectable Brain Metastases
Authors: Michael A. Vogelbaum, John H. Suh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Brain metastases are the most common brain tumors seen in clinical practice, comprising well over half of all brain tumors. For many years, surgical resection of brain metastases was considered a form of palliative therapy only, but more recently it has been shown to have a more important role in extending survival in appropriately selected patients. Newer surgical techniques have helped to reduce the morbidity associated with tumor resection. Although randomized studies have demonstrated the need for postoperative whole-brain radiotherapy, there remains interest in the use of other surgical adjuncts to delay or eliminate the need for fractionated radiotherapy. The use of various treatment modalities, particularly image-guided surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery, allows clinicians who are focused on the treatment of brain metastases to achieve superior levels of tumor control within the brain. As a result, overall survival is much more dependent on the status of the patient's systemic disease.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome and Bell's Palsy in Hawaii in 1981-Reply
Authors: Jonathan E. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> As we pointed out in our discussion, we agree with Drs Vogt and Brondum that the selection of controls in our investigation was suboptimal and that selection bias might have been introduced. As noted in our article, most control subject specimens were obtained during a two-week period in March 1982, when an active effort was made to complete this investigation. In the two institutions in which specimens were sought, essentially all subjects from whom a serum specimen was available and who could be matched to a case were used. Twenty of the 24 childhood subjects were hospitalized children with a variety of illnesses. Three of these children had proved or suspected neoplastic disease (including two with leukemia). These children might not have responded normally to antigenic challenge, thus introducing a possible bias against detecting recent cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection; alternatively, they might have been
"University without Walls"
Authors: RUDOLPH H. KAMPMEIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

Editorials1 July 1962"University without Walls"RUDOLPH H. KAMPMEIER, M.D., F.A.C.P.RUDOLPH H. KAMPMEIER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-57-1-171 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHistorical and present-day developments support the assumption that the continuing medical education of the physician is the most important single problem facing medical education today."Such an unequivocal statement may seem a bit startling, and calls for thought. Yet if the reader will accept the proposition that "the practicing physician is today the shortest and most efficient line between human biology and human beings," the assumption is one with which he cannot quarrel, particularly if it is predicated upon another assumption, that the "gap between scientific knowledge and its application grows wider each year." This gap exists for the following...References1. DARLEYCAIN WAS: A proposal for a National Academy of Continuing Medical Education. J. Med. Educ. 36: 33, 1961. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. RUHE EH: Editorial. Continuing education courses for physicians. J. A. M. A. 177: 381, 1961. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DRYER BV: Lifetime learning for physicians: principles, practices, proposals. J. Med. Educ. supp., June, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville, Tennessee PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1962Volume 57, Issue 1Page: 171-174KeywordsMedical education Issue Published: 1 July 1962 PDF DownloadLoading ...
France's “right to die” law: Emphasis on changing behaviour makes question more acute
Authors: Joan T McClusky
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Save the FDAEditor-Abbasi asks whether drug regulation is failing. 1 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) performs a thankless task.Patients want new drugs available immediately and agitate to accomplish this.Patients also wish medicines to be guaranteed safe, and blame the FDA when toxicity leads to a drug's withdrawal.Clinical scientists complain that the FDA obstructs their investigations.Pharmaceutical companies see the FDA as an adversary, not a protector.Practising in the USA for 20 years, I encountered many FDA agents.A few revered regulations for their own sake.Such people are irksome, but without strict oversight valueless and toxic agents would be marketed.A prime example is Laetrile (laevo-mandelonitrile-beta-glucuronoside), a useless and poisonous drug promoted for cancer treatment.The FDA, supported by the National Cancer Institute, successfully resisted extreme public pressure to allow its marketing, saving many lives and a multimillion dollar fraud.The FDA faces serious accusations.Attempting to suppress David Graham's whistleblowing on rofecoxib assaults scientific honesty. 2 3 The FDA's refusal to allow non-prescription sales of emergency contraception indicates unacceptable political pressure from the religious right.Unduly close relations between the FDA and pharmaceutical companies may lead to premature marketing approvals.How should the FDA be saved?Firstly, officials ordering withdrawal of a drug should be independent of those who approve marketing.Secondly, making the FDA a quango would protect from political pressures.Thirdly, conflicts of interest involving FDA employees and consultants must be rigorously scrutinised, even more severely than editors scrutinise the interests of contributors.The UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency is accused of proindustry bias.Housecleaning there and at the FDA will benefit patients, doctors, and the pharmaceutical industry itself.
Transvenous Insertion of Double Sets of Permanent Electrodes
Authors: Victor Parsonnet
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ALTHOUGH less than 3% of pacemaker implants performed today make use of the atrium, now that new and stable atrial appendage electrodes are available and there is also a growing awareness of their physiological and clinical advantages, it seems likely that interest in atrial pacing will grow. This statement is corroborated (Michael Bilitch, MD; Seymour Furman, MD; Victor Parsonnet, MD: Four-year results of a National Pacemaker Registry, unpublished data, July 1974 to June 1978). Some enthusiasts estimate that the atrium will be used for various forms of pacing, eg, fixed rate atrial pacing (AOO); inhibitory atrial pacing (AAI); triggered atrial pacing (AAT); atrial synchronous pacing (VAT); and bifocal sequential demand pacing (DVI),<sup>1</sup>in more than one half of the patients requiring pacemakers.<sup>2,3</sup> Unfortunately, the operation for implanting two electrodes can be difficult and time-consuming, because two separate veins must be identified and mobilized. We have usually used a
TIMING OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS WITH AN INITIAL NON-DIAGNOSTIC ELECTROCARDIOGRAM: AN OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS FROM THE NCDR&reg;
Authors: Robert F. Riley, L. Kristin Newby, Creighton Don, Matthew Roe, DaJuanicia N. Holmes, Sanjay Gandhi, Michael Kutcher, David Herrington
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
HIGH PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY CILIARY DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES
Authors: Maliha Zahid, You Li, Xin Tian, Richard Francis, Nikolai Kena, Omar Khalifa, William Devine, Dong M. Lee, Cyrus Yau, Kristen Lemke, Linda Leatherbury, Kimimasa Tobita, Cecilia W. Lo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Phosphoantigen-activated Vγ2Vδ2 T cells antagonize IL-2–induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in mycobacterial infection
Authors: Guangming Gong, Lingyun Shao, Yunqi Wang, Crystal Y. Chen, Dan Huang, Shuyu Yao, Ximei Zhan, Helene Sicard, Richard Wang, Zheng W. Chen
Journal: Blood (2008)
A spatially and temporally restricted mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: David G Kirsch, Daniela M Dinulescu, John B Miller, Jan Grimm, Philip M Santiago, Nathan P Young, G Petur Nielsen, Bradley J Quade, Christopher J Chaber, Christian P Schultz, Osamu Takeuchi, Roderick T Bronson, Denise Crowley, Stanley J Korsmeyer, Sam S Yoon, Francis J Hornicek, Ralph Weissleder, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Abstract 2117: Detection of rare mutations in patient samples by comparative allele-specific TaqMan® assay-based PCR (CastPCR)
Authors: Ruoying Tan, Pius Brzoska, Caifu Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in the blood of cancer patient may carry cancer-associated mutations. Detection of these mutations directly from the blood of cancer patient is the key to early cancer diagnosis. Here we report a new comparative allele-specific TaqMan® assay-based PCR (CastPCR) method for rare mutation detection. CastPCR combines allele-specific TaqMan® assay with allele-specific MGB-modified blockers to suppress amplification of the wild type allele. We have demonstrated that CastPCR has TaqMan® assay-like sensitivity, linearity and dynamic range; can detect single mutant molecule in the presence of 1 million wild-type molecules; and can detect rare cancer-associated mutations in cancer patient samples. CastPCR will have broad applications in cancer research and in cancer diagnosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2117.
Ebola mortality is highest among babies, finds study
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Nine in 10 children aged under 12 months who contract Ebola virus disease will die from the infection, new analysis by the World Health Organization has shown.

The data, published in the New England Journal of Medicine , confirm what clinicians in the field have seen: that mortality is much higher among infants.1 However, what has surprised researchers is that death rates decline with age of children and then rise in adults.

Looking at a total of 7335 patients of all ages with Ebola virus disease, the researchers found that the case fatality rate was 89.5% among 86 children aged less than a year. This fell to 80.4% among those aged 1-2 …
Hibernoma development in transgenic mice identifies brown adipose tissue as a novel target of aldosterone action.
Authors: M C Zennaro, D Le Menuet, S Viengchareun, F Walker, D Ricquier, M Lombès
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Aldosterone is a major regulator of salt balance and blood pressure, exerting its effects via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). To analyze the regulatory mechanisms controlling tissue-specific expression of the human MR (hMR) in vivo, we have developed transgenic mouse models expressing the SV40 large T antigen (TAg) under the control of each of the two promoters of the hMR gene (P1 or P2). Unexpectedly, all five P1-TAg founder animals died prematurely from voluminous malignant liposarcomas originating from brown adipose tissue, as evidenced by the expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein ucp1, indicating that the proximal P1 promoter was transcriptionally active in brown adipocytes. No such hibernoma occurred in P2-TAg transgenic mice. Appropriate tissue-specific usage of P1 promoter sequences was confirmed by demonstrating the presence of endogenous MR in both neoplastic and normal brown adipose tissue. Several cell lines were derived from hibernomas; among them, the T37i cells can undergo terminal differentiation into brown adipocytes, which remain capable of expressing ucp1 upon adrenergic or retinoic acid stimulation. These cells possess endogenous functional MR, thus providing a new model to explore molecular mechanisms of mineralocorticoid action. Our data broaden the known functions of aldosterone and suggest a potential role for MR in adipocyte differentiation and regulation of thermogenesis.
STUDIES ON HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE
Authors: LeRoy D. Fothergill, John H. Dingle, Caroline A. Chandler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. It has been shown that the ability of virulent S. influenzae to kill mice is enhanced by suspending the organism in mucin. 2. The occurrence of a true infection characterized by in vivo multiplication of the organism has been established. 3. The necessity for using a pure inbred strain of mice for this type of study has been confirmed. 4. The increase in mucin virulence of a strain of H. influenzae by repeated passage through mice has been shown. 5. The usefulness of this method in passive immunization studies has been demonstrated.
Paracellin-1 is critical for magnesium and calcium reabsorption in the human thick ascending limb of Henle
Authors: Anne Blanchard, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Philippe Coudol, Michèle Dechaux, Marc Froissart, Adrien May, Renato Demontis, Albert Fournier, Michel Paillard, Pascal Houillier
Journal: Kidney International (2001)