tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HAZARDS OF INACTIVITY
Authors: Gordon M. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The deleterious effects of inactivity on the functional capacities of several organ systems in the human are effectively documented and described by Kottke elsewhere in this issue (p 825). For many years physiologists have studied the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems, so that we are now well aware of many specific physiologic effects of mild and strenuous physical activity on cardiac function, circulation, and muscular strength, and thus have the basic knowledge useful in the management of many patients. However, only relatively recently have physiologists become actively concerned in evaluating physiologic effects of bed rest, immobilization, and varying states of<i>inactivity</i>. The knowledge obtained from these and future studies should be of vital interest to physicians and others concerned with the guidance and regulation of the activities of patients, aging citizens, astronauts, and space travelers, as well as average persons. Our contemporary civilization tends to foster
Metabolism of [14C]arachidonic acid by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with psoriasis
Authors: M. STUNING, U. SCHULTZ-EHRENBURG, P. ALTMEYER, M. RAULF, W. KONIG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Metabolism of [14C]arachidonic acid by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with psoriasis Get access M. STÜNING, M. STÜNING Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Arbeitsgruppe Infektabwehrmechanismen, RuhrUniversität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. SCHULTZ‐EHRENBURG, U. SCHULTZ‐EHRENBURG Dermatologische Abteilung des St Josef‐Hospitals, Univcrsitätsklinik der RuhrUniversität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. ALTMEYER, P. ALTMEYER Dermatologische Abteilung des St Josef‐Hospitals, Univcrsitätsklinik der RuhrUniversität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. RAULF, M. RAULF Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Arbeitsgruppe Infektabwehrmechanismen, RuhrUniversität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. KÖNIG W. KÖNIG Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Arbeitsgruppe Infektabwehrmechanismen, RuhrUniversität Bochum, Federal Republic of Germany Professor W.König, Lehrstuhl für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Arbeitsgruppe Infektabwehrmechanismen, Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr, 150, D‐4630 Bochum I, Federal Republic of Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 2, 1 February 1987, Pages 153–159, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05806.x Published: 01 February 1987
THE PRESENT STATUS OF MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS.Read before the Section of Materia Medica and Pharmacy at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: J. W. C. CUDDY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Materia Medica and Therapeutics at present occupy an important place on the broad plane of medical science. The recent rapid growth of this department of our loved profession has been in such marked contrast with its slow development in the earlier ages that it really now excites wonder and admiration. New medicines, and new uses therefor are so prominent and so varied that it is with the greatest difficulty that any active practitioner of medicine can keep pace with them. Some of them, it is true, come up meteorlike and have but an ephemeral existence, but fortunately, many others, culled with greatest care, and evolved from the greatest scientific minds, have come to stay, and shine out as fixed stars upon the medical sky. In fact, they have now assumed such an important status that a resumé of their later growth and recent developments will certainly not be out of
Effect of Atropine and Sincalide on the Intestinal Uptake of F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose
Authors: HOSSEIN JADVAR, REGITZE B. SCHAMBYE, GEORGE M. SEGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose Variable diffuse intestinal uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is commonly seen in patients undergoing positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Diffuse high uptake can obscure a lesion, whereas occasional high focal uptake can mimic a lesion. The cause of intestinal FDG uptake and the parameters that influence the level of uptake are unknown. Methods We hypothesized that intestinal FDG uptake may result from smooth muscle peristalsis. We tested our hypothesis by comparing FDG uptake at baseline and after administration of two drugs (atropine and sincalide) that are known to affect intestinal motility. We performed FDG PET scans in random order in five healthy male volunteers without medication, after intramuscular administration of atropine, and after intravenous administration of sincalide. Results Qualitative comparison of the images before and after both medications did not show any significant difference in the level of intestinal FDG uptake. Conclusions We conclude that intestinal FDG uptake is probably not caused by peristalsis. Mucosal uptake may be an alternative explanation.
In-Home Coal and Wood Use and Lung Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of the International Lung Cancer Consortium
Authors: H. Dean Hosgood, Paolo Boffetta, Sander Greenland, Yuan-Chin Amy Lee, John McLaughlin, Adeline Seow, Eric J. Duell, Angeline S. Andrew, David Zaridze, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Peter Rudnai, Jolanta Lissowska, Eleonóra Fabiánová, Dana Mates, Vladimir Bencko, Lenka Foretova, Vladimir Janout, Hal Morgenstern, Nathaniel Rothman, Rayjean J. Hung, Paul Brennan, Qing Lan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundDomestic fuel combustion from cooking and heating is an important public health issue because roughly 3 billion people are exposed worldwide. Recently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified indoor emissions from household coal combustion as a human carcinogen (group 1) and from biomass fuel (primarily wood) as a probable human carcinogen (group 2A).ObjectivesWe pooled seven studies from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (5,105 cases and 6,535 controls) to provide further epidemiological evaluation of the association between in-home solid-fuel use, particularly wood, and lung cancer risk.MethodsUsing questionnaire data, we classified subjects as predominant solid-fuel users (e.g., coal, wood) or nonsolid-fuel users (e.g., oil, gas, electricity). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and to compute 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking status, race/ethnicity, and study center.ResultsCompared with nonsolid-fuel users, predominant coal users (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.49–1.81), particularly coal users in Asia (OR = 4.93; 95% CI, 3.73–6.52), and predominant wood users in North American and European countries (OR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06–1.38) experienced higher risk of lung cancer. The results were similar in never-smoking women and other subgroups.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with previous observations pertaining to in-home coal use and lung cancer risk, support the hypothesis of a carcinogenic potential of in-home wood use, and point to the need for more detailed study of factors affecting these associations.
P3-14-24: A Phase II Trial of TS-1 and Docetaxel Followed by 5-FU/Epirubicin/Cyclophosphamide (FEC) as Preoperative Treatment in Women with Stage II/III Breast Cancer.
Authors: T Hayashida, H Jinno, M Sakata, M Takahashi, Y Kitagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: TS-1 is an oral anticancer drug, composed of tegafur, gimestat and otastat potassium in a molar ratio of 1:0.4:1, based on the biochemical modulation of 5-Fuorouracil. In vivo xenograft model showed a synergistic effect of combination chemotherapy with TS-1 and docetaxel through down-regulation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). (Suto et al, Oncology Reports 2006) The sequential combination of anthracycline and taxane is a standard of care in the preoperative setting, as well as the adjuvant setting. This study's purpose was to determine the efficacy of TS-1 and docetaxel followed by fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (FEC) in the preoperative setting. Patients and Methods: Patients with stage II/III breast cancer received 4 cycles of TS-1 (TS-1 80 mg/m2 on days 1–14 and docetaxel 40 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks), followed by 4 cycles of FEC (fluorouracil 500 mg/m2, epirubicin 100 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks). The tumor objective response was assessed by both caliper and ultrasound. Primary endpoint was the pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary endpoints were the clinical response rate, adverse drug reactions, and the breast conservation rate. Results: From November 2009 to December 2010, 39 patients were enrolled and 38 patients were assessable for clinical and pathologic responses. The overall response rate (caliper) was 81.5% and ultrasound response rate was 76.3%. The pCR rate was 13.2% (5/38). The breast-conserving rate in patients whose tumor size was 3 cm or smaller was 92.9%, and 54.5% of patients whose tumor size was larger than 3 cm underwent breast-conserving surgery. The ratio of Ki-67 positive cell and progesterone receptor (PgR) status were significantly correlated with pCR. Grade 4 neutropenia was observed in a patient (2.6%) at the first cycle. The most common grade 3/4 non-hematologic adverse event was hand-foot syndrome, observed in 3 patients (7.9%). One patient (2.6%) showed grade 3 diarrhea. Conclusions: These results indicate that the sequential combination of TS-1 and docetaxel followed by FEC is a well-tolerated, effective neoadjuvant treatment for stage II/III breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-24.
Cellular origin of cancer: dedifferentiation or stem cell maturation arrest?
Authors: S Sell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Given the fundamental principle that cancer must arise from a cell that has the potential to divide, two major nonexclusive hypotheses of the cellular origin of cancer are that malignancy arises a) from stem cells due to maturation arrest or b) from dedifferentiation of mature cells that retain the ability to proliferate. The role of stem cells in carcinogenesis is clearly demonstrated in teratocarcinomas. The malignant stem cells of teratocarcinomas are derived from normal multipotent stem cells and have the potential to differentiate into normal benign mature tissue. A widely studied model supporting dedifferentiation has been the putative origin of hepatocarcinomas from
Endoscopic flexible treatment of Zenker's diverticulum: a modification of the needle-knife technique
Authors: A. Repici, N. Pagano, F. Romeo, S. Danese, M. Arosio, G. Rando, G. Strangio, A. Carlino, A. Malesci
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. Repici et al., pp. 532Endoscopy 2010; 42(07): 611-611DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291878
Mixed-lineage-leukemia (MLL) fusion protein collaborates with Ras to induce acute leukemia through aberrant Hox expression and Raf activation
Authors: R Ono, H Kumagai, H Nakajima, A Hishiya, T Taki, K Horikawa, K Takatsu, T Satoh, Y Hayashi, T Kitamura, T Nosaka
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Choosing child care
Authors: C. Kelleher
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Increasing numbers of professional women are returning to work while their children are young. Choosing the best child care is, therefore, one of the most important decisions they will make both as parents and for their children. But for many parents, particularly those working unusual hours, finding child care that is flexible and meets their needs can be difficult. The choice between a nursery, nanny, or childminder can also be bewildering.

The government recently announced its national childcare strategy with the aim of increasing the supply of affordable quality child care throughout the United Kingdom. The strategy is the most comprehensive attempt by any government to meet the childcare needs of parents and children. It includes investment in places at out of school clubs and a new childcare tax credit to help parents on lower incomes pay for child care. In welcoming the strategy, the national childcare charity Daycare Trust argues that expansion should not be at the expense of quality and urges the government to provide more encouragement for employers to support child care and family friendly policies.

The person you choose to look after your child will be important and will form one of the major relationships in your child's life, one that sometimes endures to adulthood. The relationship between the child carer, child, and parent is intimate and professional. Parents look for child carers who are interested and involved with their child, loving and giving, responsible and firm. But they also look for people who respect the parent-child bond and who work to support both the child and the parent, not undermine or compete with the parent.

It is important to visit several childcare providers before you decide who to choose. Try to visit when there are children around but also arrange a quiet time to discuss …
Disseminated Human Malignant Melanoma in Congenitally Immune-Deficient (bg/nu/xid) Mice
Authors: J. J. Mulé, D. L. Jicha, P. M. Aebersold, W. D. Travis, S. A. Rosenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Congenitally immune-deficient bg/nu/xid (BNX) mice are severely compromised in their ability to mount T-cell, B-cell, and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell responses. Successful engraftment of BNX mice with human hematopoietic stem cells has been demonstrated recently. We have investigated the potential use of BNX mice for studies relating to the biology and immunotherapy of human malignant melanoma. The intravenous injection of fresh single-cell suspensions of human malignant melanomas into mice resulted in widely disseminated disease. Metastatic spread of human melanoma in BNX mice mimicked that observed in patients: eg, there were numerous tumor nodules identified in the subcutaneous tissues as well as in a variety of visceral organs, including spleen, kidneys, thyroid, adrenals, lungs, heart, and brain. BNX mouse lymph nodes were replaced consistently by human malignant melanoma cells. The presence of human tumor cells in these mice was confirmed by histologic analysis and microcytofluorometry analyses using human melanoma-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Moreover, human melanoma cells passaged in BNX mice remained lysable in vitro by specifically cytolytic, autologous human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The capacity of fresh human malignant melanoma to disseminate widely in BNX mice may prove valuable not only for study of the biology of metastatic spread but also for studies of the immunotherapy of human melanoma using melanoma-specific MAbs and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as human TILs and LAK cells with or without retrovirus-mediated gene transfer modification.
The Atrial Kick and Cardiac Pacing
Authors: J. Willis Hurst, Donald O. Nutter, Robert C. Schlant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The work described in the article "Sequential Atrioventricular Pacing in Heart Block Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction," appearing elsewhere in this issue of the Journal, could be used as a model to illustrate clinical research and clear reporting. In addition, Chamberlain and his associates emphasize some of the limitations of their study, a caution that should prevent the casual interpreter of medical data from erroneously extrapolating the reported observations. The therapy described is clearly still in the experimental stage, the number of patients studied was small, and the period of observation short. Therefore, the authors could not ascertain the overall . . .
Heavy Particle Therapy in Acromegaly and Cushing's Disease.
Authors: John H. Lawrence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Heavy Particle Therapy in Acromegaly and Cushing's Disease.John H. Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P., John A. Linfoot, M.D., James L. Born, M.D., Cornelius A. Tobias, M.D., Edward Manougian, M.D.John H. Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John A. Linfoot, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James L. Born, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Cornelius A. Tobias, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edward Manougian, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-908_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past 10 years we have used an externally delivered alpha-particle or proton beam to treat several hundred patients suffering from various disorders, including 38 patients with acromegaly and 7 patients with Cushing's disease. The high-energy, heavy-particle beam with its advantageous properties of great penetration, little scatter, greater biological effectiveness per unit of ionization in tissue, Bragg peak effect, relative insensitivity to oxygen concentration, and lack of a recovery factor (its effect being predominantly irreversible) makes possible the delivery of large amounts of energy to localized areas within the body without damage to surrounding tissue. Therefore we are able... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John H. Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.; John A. Linfoot, M.D.; James L. Born, M.D.; Cornelius A. Tobias, M.D.; Edward Manougian, M.D.Affiliations: Berkeley, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 908-908KeywordsAcromegalyAttentionOxygen ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
167. Both Oncolysis and Tumor Immunity Are Involved in an Autitumoral Efficacy by Intratumoral Injection of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus (TK Deleted, hGM-CSF Inserted Wyeth Strain) in a VX2 Rabbit Model
Authors: Joon-Hyeong Kim, Byeong-Ho Park, Jong-Young Oh, David H. Kirn, Steve H. Thorne, Jae-Seok Kim, Tae-Ho Hwang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Several approaches to gene therapy for cancer have yielded promising results in rodent models. The translation of these results to the clinical realm has been delayed by the lack of tumor models in large animals. We investigated the efficacy of thymidine kinase (TK) deleted human GM-CSF inserted mutants of Wyeth strain of vaccinia virus (JX-594) using in VX-2 rabbit hepatoma model. VX-2 rabbit carcinoma cells were maintained by serial transplantation in the thigh muscles of New Zealand White rabbits, and VX-2 tumor fragment (1mm3) was injected into left hepatic lobe. The primary tumor formation was detected by U/S on week 2 to week 3 post VX-2 injection. JX-594 (10^9 pfu) was injected by U/S guide immediately after tumor detection (<1.5 cm2 in a diameter) into intratumorally (IT) or intravenously, and then CT was taken every a week to monitor hepatoma growth. The tumor growth after both IT or IV injection significantly was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, the metastatic tumor nodule was not observed after IT or IV JX-594 injection while 100 % was observed in rabbits without vv administration. Serum human GM-CSF was maintained to at least one week both in IT and IV injected groups, and the degree of therapeutic efficacy was related with GM-CSF production. Based on in vitro and in vivo tumor-specific replication capacity of JX-594 replication capacity, both direct viral growth and increased tumor immunity by GM-CSF produced by JX-594 might be responsible for antitumoral efficacy and antimetastatic effect. This preclinical study of hepatoma treatment shows JX-594 acts as an oncolytic vaccinia virus suggesting that JX-594 might be potent and safe viral vector for the clinical application for tumor-directed gene therapy.
Coronary artery spasm and acute myocardial infarction in naproxen‐associated anaphylactic reaction
Authors: A. Cisteró, S. Urías, J. Guindo, R. Lleonart, M. Garcia‐Moll, A. Geli, A. Bayés de Luna
Journal: Allergy (1992)

We present the case of a 43‐year‐old man who suffered an acute myocardial infarction after oral administration of 250 mg of naproxen, prescribed as antiinflammatory‐analgesic agent after tooth extraction. Both intradermal skin test and human basophil degranulation test were positive to naproxen. These findings suggest a naproxen‐associated anaphylactic reaction with concomitant coronary artery spasm and posteroinferior infarction, a clinical event previously not reported with the use of this drug.
AngiomiR-126 expression and secretion from circulating CD34+ and CD14+ PBMCs: role for proangiogenic effects and alterations in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Pavani Mocharla, Sylvie Briand, Giovanna Giannotti, Carola Dörries, Philipp Jakob, Francesco Paneni, Thomas Lüscher, Ulf Landmesser
Journal: Blood (2012)
Emotions and sociopathy
Authors: Robert Plutchik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Questions are raised about several issues discussed by Mealey: (1) the nature of the distinction between primary and secondary sociopaths, (2) some difficulties with a general arousal theory of criminality, and (3) the possible role of countervailing forces in the development of sociopathy. An important area that calls for attention is the patterning of different specific emotions in the lives of sociopaths as compared to other groups.
Potassium and Paralysis
Authors: P. E. Jackson, C. M. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1955)

This paper presents a further case of the uncommon but striking syndrome of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis associated with potassium-losing nephritis.A similar case, together with a review of previously published cases known or considered to be examples of this syn- drome, has recently been reported (Evans and Milne, 1954).Case ReportThe patient, a housewife, was first admitted to hospital in November, 1948, when she was 34 years old, with a three- months' history of giddiness.She was found to be moder- ately hypertensive (B.P. 210/130).There was no past history of renal disease.Albuminuria was present, and a few hyaline casts were seen in the centrifuged deposit of the urine.Urea clearance was 103%.The patient kept quite well until she was seen again in the out-patient department on August 3, 1953.She then gave a two-weeks history of pain behind the right eye.Her blood pressure was unchanged.She had partial third and fourth cranial nerve palsies on the right.She was admitted to hospital, and on September 3 she lost con- sciousness following an exacerbation of her headache and was found to have had a subarachnoid haemorrhage.On September 18, after a right carotid arteriogram, which showed a small aneurysm at the origin of the posterior communicating artery, the right common carotid artery was ligated.She was seen from time to time as an out-patient, and in June, 1954, complained of some intermittent weakness and cramps in her arms and legs.On questioning, she admitted to similar symptoms occasionally for about six years.She also had slight premenstrual swelling of the
Time for a civilian front line?
Authors: J. P Baombe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

War changes medicine: how will the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan change the management of trauma in civilian life?1

The original AcBCDE approach to trauma management—airway with cervical spine immobilisation, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure—has needed in these conflicts to become cABC (catastrophic bleeding, airway, breathing, circulation).1 Increasing …