tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Micellar solubilisation of cholesterol is essential for absorption in humans
Authors: L A Woollett
Journal: Gut (2006)

Intralumenal bile acid (BA) concentrations have a profound effect on cholesterol absorption. We performed studies to assess the effects of markedly reduced lumenal BA on cholesterol absorption in children with inborn errors in BA synthesis and the role of micellar solubilisation of cholesterol on its absorption in an animal model using human intestinal contents.We studied five subjects: two with 3beta hydroxy-C27 steroid dehydrogenase isomerase deficiency (3-HSD), two with Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta reductase deficiency (5beta reductase), and one with 2-methylacyl CoA racemase deficiency (racemase). Subjects were studied on supplemental BA therapy and three weeks after withdrawal of supplements. During each treatment period a liquid meal was consumed. Duodenal samples were collected and analysed, and cholesterol absorption and cholesterol fractional synthetic rates were measured. Human intralumenal contents were infused in a bile diverted rat lymph fistula model to assess micellar versus vesicular absorption of cholesterol.Without BA supplementation, intralumenal BA concentrations were below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) whereas intralumenal BAs increased to above the CMC in all subjects on BA supplementation. Lumenal cholesterol was carried primarily as vesicles in untreated subjects whereas it was carried as both micelles and vesicles in treated subjects. Cholesterol absorption increased approximately 55% in treated compared with untreated subjects (p=0.041), with a simultaneous 70% decrease in synthesis rates (p=0.029). In the rat lymph fistula model, minimal vesicular cholesterol was absorbed whereas vesicular and micellar fatty acid and phospholipid were comparably absorbed.Increasing micellar cholesterol solubilisation by supplemental BA in subjects with inborn errors of BA synthesis leads to an improvement in cholesterol absorption and reduction in cholesterol synthesis due to improved micellar solubilisation of cholesterol.
Synovial Joints: Their Structure and Mechanics
Authors: Peter A. Casagrande
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book contains 268 pages of text with 60 illustrations. The authors are to be commended in gathering into a comprehensive yet readable work most of the pertinent information from the existing literature. It is understandable that they could not make an exhaustive review of the subject. The book is conveniently divided into 4 major sections as follows: Section I: The Components of Joints, Section II: The Biology of Joints, Section III: The Mechanics of Joints, and Section IV: The Function of Joints. This book would be an excellent starting point for the student preoccupied in the field of joint structure and function. The orthopedist or rheumatologist will find little for direct application to clinical practice.
Methyl Iodide Toxicity
Authors: ORR M. COBB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 October 1976Methyl Iodide ToxicityORR M. COBB, M.D., LAWRENCE W. RAYMOND, M.D., F.A.C.P.ORR M. COBB, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE W. RAYMOND, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-539_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The case report of methyl iodide intoxication by Appel and colleagues (Ann Intern Med82:534-536, 1975) is a useful description of a complex illness, all of the features of which were apparently due to the agent cited. Some current and future readers may find the report confusing, however, in its mention of congestive changes in the lungs as a characteristic of poisoning with methyl iodide, as stated in the report's abstract. Such characterization is not well supported by the references cited by the authors, and not at all by the case summary. We are further puzzled in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ORR M. COBB, M.D.; LAWRENCE W. RAYMOND, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Pulmonary Branch Department of Internal Medicine National Naval Medical Center Bethesda, MD 20014 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIodmethan [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1981]Methyl iodide [MAK Value Documentation, 1996]AVolume 5 References 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 539-540KeywordsForecastingIntoxicationLungsToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Serum markers for type IV collagen and type III procollagen in the myelofibrosis‐osteomyelosclerosis syndrome and other chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: H. Hasselbalch, P. Junker, I. Lisse, K. D. Bentsen, L. Risteli, J. Risteli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

Abstract Myelofibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of interstitial and basement membrane collagens in the bone marrow. In this study, specific radioimmunoassays for the aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen and for the 7S collagen domain of type IV (basement membrane) collagen were used to determine how this accumulation is reflected in serum. Of the 41 patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders studied, the highest levels of both parameters were found in idiopathic myelofibrosis and in chronic myelogenous leukaemia associated with bone marrow fibrosis. Increasing degrees of bone marrow fibrosis were accompanied by increasing serum concentrations of both markers, except for osteomyelosclerosis, where notably low values were seen. Pathologically high values of one or both parameters were also found in a few patients with polycythaemia Vera or a transitional myeloproliferative disorder. The antigens related to type III procollagen and type IV collagen correlated significantly with each other and with the leucocyte count. These parameters should provide noninvasive means for following the accumulation of interstitial and basement membrane collagens in the bone marrow.
Intravascular release of intact cellular fibronectin during oxidant-induced injury of the in vitro perfused rabbit lung.
Authors: J H Peters, M H Ginsberg, B P Bohl, L A Sklar, C G Cochrane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Fibronectin (Fn) is produced by cells in blood vessels at inflammatory sites in vivo. Fn release into the circulation thus may be a marker for vascular injury. In support of this, we found that oxidant-induced vascular injury of isolated perfused rabbit lungs caused elevated circulating Fn levels. Western blot analysis indicated that Fn released from the injured blood vessels was intact, dimeric, and possessed electrophoretic mobility identical with Fn produced by fibroblasts. Unlike Fn isolated from rabbit plasma, Fn derived from lung perfusate or produced by fibroblasts reacted with antibodies raised to a synthetic peptide containing sequences from the extra type III Fn domain that is transcribed in fibroblasts but not hepatocytes. Vascular injury by protease was also associated with intravascular release of Fn, but with cleavage. Oxidant-induced vascular injury causes release of tissue-derived Fn, which can be distinguished from plasma Fn by its size and content of antigenic determinants of the extra type III domain.
Cost versus benefit in non-surgical management of patients with cancer.
Authors: A. R. Timothy, T. Brewin, J. Chamberlain, A. Horwich, B. Jennett, P. Kind, R. Maxwell, J. Raftery, G. Rees, P. Selby
Journal: BMJ (1988)

the prescription to put Mr Kozary on his guard.Dr Miller's negligence had contributed to the negligence of Mr Kozary, although the greater proportion of the responsibility lay with Mr Kozary.Accordingly, Mr Justice Auld awarded damages of £119 302 plus interest against Mr Kozary, his pharmacy, and Dr Miller
Illustrated Manual of Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Devoted to imbalances of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, and water, Dr Collins' cleverly illustrated manual considers the electrolyte disturbances that a practitioner is likely to encounter in his hospital practice. Collins uses a brightly colored diagram, which he repeats throughout the manual with appropriate additions in black and white, to illustrate each abnormality. Facing each diagram on the opposite page, a few paragraphs of text consider the pathophysiology, treatment, and causes of the disorder. Collins discusses both normal and abnormal findings and usually recommends a treatment, often referring to a few simple formulas for estimating excesses and deficits. He provides tables that summarize the clinical features of fluid and electrolyte disorders and give the constituents of various reparative solutions. Lists of electrolyte imbalances accompanied by the most likely causes of each also appear in tables designed to help the reader make a differential diagnosis. Finally, Collins shows how he uses
Heavy drinking among US students correlates with density of alcohol outlets
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Researchers have found a strong link between drinking problems in students and the number of outlets selling alcohol within two miles of campus centres.

The more outlets there are—and one unnamed US university has 185 of them—the greater the drinking problems.

One of the main aims of the study, carried out at the department of health and social behaviour at Harvard School of Public Health, was to determine whether levels of heavy and frequent drinking and …
Consequences of fetomaternal haemorrhage after intrauterine transfusion.
Authors: U. Nicolini, N. K. Kochenour, P. Greco, E. A. Letsky, R. D. Johnson, M. Contreras, C. H. Rodeck
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Fetomaternal haemorrhage was studied after 68 consecutive fetal intravascular transfusions performed in 20 patients with Rh isoimmunisation. alpha Fetoprotein concentration was assayed in maternal blood taken before, and immediately after each transfusion and three and 24 hours later. An increase of 50% or more in the concentration in any of the samples after transfusion was considered to indicate fetomaternal haemorrhage. Fetal alpha fetoprotein concentration in blood sampled before transfusion was also assayed and the amount of fetomaternal haemorrhage calculated. Fetomaternal haemorrhage occurred in 21 of 32 patients with an anterior placenta and in six of 36 with a posterior or fundal placenta. The mean estimated volume of haemorrhage was 2.4 ml, which was on average equal to 3.1% of the total fetoplacental blood volume. When the volume of fetomaternal haemorrhage at the first transfusion was greater than 1 ml there was a greater increase in maternal Rh (D) antibody titres and a greater fall in fetal packed cell volume. Sampling of fetal blood should not be routinely done early in patients with Rh isoimmunisation, and intrauterine transfusion should be delayed as long as possible. Sampling sites other than the placental cord insertion reduces the risk of fetomaternal haemorrhage.
Abstract 9641: Effects of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Patients Without Heart Failure. A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials in 108,233 patients
Authors: Gianluigi Savarese, Pierluigi Costanzo, John George Franklin Cleland, Enrico Vassallo, Giuseppe Rosano, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: To verify whether Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) reduce cardiovascular (CV) events in patients without left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Methods and Results: MEDLINE, Cochrane, ISI Web of Science and SCOPUS were searched for randomized trials comparing ARBs or ACE-Is versus placebo in patients without LVSD. Twenty-six trials enrolling 108,233 participants were included. The effects of ACE-Is and ARBs were analyzed for the occurrence of a composite outcome including CV death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke as well for all-cause death, new onset diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Compared to placebo, ACE-Is significantly reduce the risk of the composite outcome (Odds Ratio [OR]:0.831, 95% Confidence Interval [C]I:0.748 to 0.922, p=0.001)(Figure), MI (OR:0.835, CI:0.781 to 0.894, p&lt;0.001), stroke (OR:0.796, CI:0.685 to 0.924, p&lt;0.003), all-cause death (OR:0.908, 95% CI:0.845 to 0.975, p=0.008), new onset heart failure (OR:0.753, CI:0.679 to 0.834, p&lt;0.001) and diabetes mellitus (OR:0.812, CI:0.706 to 0.932, p&lt;0.001), whereas reduction of CV death approximated statistical significance (OR:0.892, CI:0.783 to 1.017, p=0.087). ARBs significantly reduce the risk of the composite outcome (OR:0.936, CI:0.888 to 0.987, p=0.014)(Figure), stroke (OR:0.909, CI:0.840 to 0.983, p=0.017) and new onset diabetes mellitus (OR:0.854, CI:0.797 to 0.915, p&lt;0.001), but not MI, CV death, new onset heart failure and all-cause death. Conclusions: In patients at high CV risk but without LVSD, ACE-Is and ARBs reduce the risk of the composite outcome including CV death, MI and stroke, and of new onset diabetes mellitus. At variance with ACE-Is, no significant effects on all-cause death, MI and new onset heart failure are observed for ARBs. Thus, ACE-Is should represent the first choice to reduce CV mortality/morbidity in high-risk patients.
Aging of intracoronary thrombus due to delayed time-to-reperfusionsincreases ischemic and angiographic complications in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Satvendra Giri, Michael Gibson, Andrew C. Eisenhauer, Richard E. Kuntz, Campbell Rogers, Sabina Murphy, Joseph Mitchel, Elliott M. Antman, Daniel I. Simon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Muir's Textbook of Pathology
Authors: George R. Barrows
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<i>Muir's Textbook of Pathology</i>, a multiauthored text designed for medical students, physicians, and pathology residents, presents a basic approach for those learning pathology. The book is a revised version of previous editions and includes new photographic material and recent experimental findings. The first part of the book covers basic pathology, including descriptions of cell injury response, inflammation, immunologic disorders, and neoplasia. The second half highlights pathological changes in systemic organs and organ systems. As with most textbooks, this work makes no attempt to provide comprehensive coverage of individual subjects but gives an overview of material. The sections covering infection, inflammation, immunology, and wound healing offer a concise "state-of-the-art" presentation. Photographs for these sections are generally of good quality. The sections describing degenerative changes, although abbreviated, cover the material satisfactorily. Unorthodox terminology and sparse descriptive material make the general section on neoplasia somewhat confusing. The second part of
Diagnosis and Treatment of Book Collecting
Authors: Paul F. Cranefield
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic Disorders in Southeast Asian Immigrants
Authors: Dianne N. Abuelo
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  The recent review by Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD (239:1901, 1978), reminds physicians of exotic infections and parasitic diseases that could cause illness in refugees from Southeast Asia.  In addition to infectious diseases, genetic disorders also have strikingly different prevalences in different ethnic groups. For example, the gene for α-thalassemia is relatively common in Southeast Asians, but most American physicians have never seen a patient with this condition. We have recently counseled a South Vietnamese couple whose first pregnancy occurred in Rhode Island, was complicated by severe edema and hypoproteinemia, and was terminated in the delivery of a hydropic infant who died shortly after birth. The fetal hydrops was found to be due to homozygous α thalassemia, and both parents were found to be heterozygous carriers. During their next pregnancy, prenatal diagnosis using amniocentesis and DNA hybridization of the cultured fibroblasts1,2disclosed that the second fetus was also
Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis in healthy blood donors: an unexpectedly common finding
Authors: Youn K. Shim, Jane M. Rachel, Paolo Ghia, Jeff Boren, Fatima Abbasi, Antonis Dagklis, Geri Venable, Jiyeon Kang, Heba Degheidy, Fred V. Plapp, Robert F. Vogt, Jay E. Menitove, Gerald E. Marti
Journal: Blood (2013)
Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases
Authors: Mübeccel Akdis, Simone Burgler, Reto Crameri, Thomas Eiwegger, Hiroyuki Fujita, Enrique Gomez, Sven Klunker, Norbert Meyer, Liam O’Mahony, Oscar Palomares, Claudio Rhyner, Nadia Quaked, Anna Schaffartzik, Willem Van De Veen, Sabine Zeller, Maya Zimmermann, Cezmi A. Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Reply to the Article on Treatment of Aural Catarrh in the London Central Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.
Authors: J. Holinger
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In No. 9, p. 411, of thisJournalthere is an article on "The Treatment of Aural Catarrh in the London Central Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital," that is liable to do harm, since it fortifies the position of the routinist, by allowing him to creep behind the walls of a large hospital. This article being typical of the standpoint of a great many physicians it would be treachery to let it pass without criticism. Its author says: "I shall now proceed to make clear the method used for the cure of those varieties of ear disease, usually termed catarrh, and divided into acute non-suppurative, acute suppurative, chronic non-suppurative and chronic suppurative." Here the doctor undoubtedly speaks of the greatest number of those diseases that have their seat behind the drum, that is, in the middle and inner ear, and calls them "catarrh." What does that word
Prognostic Models for Older Adults
Authors: David M. Kent
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ephedrine Therapy in Asthmatic Children
Authors: Ralph Bookman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  It is a peculiar commentary of our attitude towards therapy today that I should be sufficiently impressed with the article entitled  Therapy in Asthmatic Children (237:553, 1977) by Tinkelman and Avner to write about it.  The authors have commendably reassessed a drug that allergists have used for many years in the treatment of asthma with eminent success and without fear of ill effects. The neglect of ephedrine sulfate in recent years relates to the blandishments of drug companies in marketing their products to a less than critical profession. Ephedrine has lacked such well financed proponents and so sank into the oblivion from which Tinkelman and Avner have rescued it.  Ephedrine is valuable in the treatment of asthma at any age. The side effects of palpitation, wakefulness, and tremor are annoying but harmless. Only two side effects need be kept in mind: bladder neck spasm will develop
Schizophrenia, Cognition, and Psychosis
Authors: Gary Remington, George Foussias, Gagan Fervaha, Ofer Agid
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal