tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 781: Plasticity of human tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells
Authors: Jian Ye, Xinming Su, Eddy C. Hsueh, Yanping Zhang, Joyce M. Koenig, Daniel F. Hoft, Guangyong Peng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Although Th17 cells play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, their function in human tumor immunity remains largely unknown. We have recently identified Th17 cells as an important component of human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) obtained from melanoma, breast, colon and ovarian cancer patients, but their stability and plasticity in the tumor microenvironment is still unclear. In this study, we generated Th17 clones from TILs. We showed that Th17 clones can differentiate into IFN-gamma-producing and FoxP3+ cells after in vitro stimulation with OKT3 and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We further demonstrated that T cell receptor (TCR) engagement was responsible for this conversion, and that this differentiation was due to the epigenetic modification and reprogramming of gene expression profiles, including lineage-specific transcriptional factor and cytokine genes. In addition to expressing IFN-gamma and FoxP3, we showed that these differentiated Th17 clones mediated potent suppressive function after repetitive stimulation with OKT3, suggesting that these Th17 clones had differentiated into functional Treg cells. We further demonstrated that the Th17-derived Treg cells, unlike naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, did not reconvert back into Th17 cells even under Th17-biasing cytokine conditions. These results provide the critical evidence that human Th17 cells can differentiate into Treg cells and indicate the substantial developmental plasticity of Th17 cells, which may have clinical implications for the development of novel cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 781. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-781
Renal Bicarbonate Reabsorption and Hydrogen Ion Excretion in Normal Infants*
Authors: Chester M. Edelmann, Juan Rodriguez Soriano, Hayim Boichis, Alan B. Gruskin, Melinda I. Acosta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

After acute administration of ammonium chloride, infants 1 to 16 months of age were similar to older children in their capacity to acidify their urine. The infants had a higher rate of excretion of titratable acid and a lower rate of excretion of ammonium but were similar in their rate of excretion of total hydrogen ion.Bicarbonate titrations performed in infants during the first year of life demonstrated a threshold ranging from 21.5 to 22.5 mmoles per L, maximal rate of reabsorption from 2.6 to 2.9 mmoles per 100 ml glomerular filtrate, and marked titration splay. A nephronic frequency distribution curve of the ratio of glomerular filtration rate to tubular reabsorptive capacity demonstrated both heterogeneity and skewing to the right, suggesting the presence of significant numbers of nephrons with low tubular transport capacity relative to filtration rate.It is suggested that the "physiologic acidosis" of the infant is due neither to a limited renal capacity to excrete hydrogen ion nor to a reduced capacity for reabsorption of bicarbonate, but rather to a low renal plasma bicarbonate threshold. Although the level of the threshold may relate to the kinetics of bicarbonate reabsorption during this period, it appears to be due at least in part to functional and morphologic heterogeneity of nephrons.
Comparison of Health Status Between the United States and England
Authors: Caroline F. Thorn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Assessment of Stroke
Authors: Larry B. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1994)

STROKE is the most common serious neurological disorder seen in a general hospital.<sup>1</sup>Each year, approximately 500 000 Americans have strokes. About 150 000 of these individuals die, making stroke the third leading cause of death and the major cause of disability among adults.<sup>2</sup>Of long-term stroke survivors, approximately 15% require institutional care, 30% are dependent in activities of daily living, and 60% have decreased socialization outside the home.<sup>3</sup>The estimated costs of stroke-related care and lost productivity was $18 billion for 1993.<sup>2</sup>Thus, the costs of stroke are enormous in human and economic terms. The clinical evaluation of stroke patients often does not receive the attention it deserves. The "therapeutic nihilism" of the past<sup>4</sup>is disappearing as effective treatments are established by prospective clinical trials. For example, endarterectomy has been shown to be useful in the prevention of major stroke in selected patients with
Air Pollution and Mortality
Authors: Marc B Schenker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

On December 5, 1952, a severe temperature inversion occurred over London, leading to a substantial accumulation of air pollutants emitted by the combustion of fossil fuels. This phenomenon was associated with an abrupt increase in the mortality rate, resulting in about 4000 excess deaths1. Although deaths from all causes (except motor vehicle accidents) were increased, the largest increase was in deaths due to respiratory diseases. The striking temporal association between the “London fog incident” and increased mortality left little doubt that air pollution was the cause of the deaths.Previous episodes of excess mortality associated with air pollution had . . .
Dental units as infection sources of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: J. Barben, J. Schmid
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , we read with interest the article by Schelstraete et al. 1 about Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the home environment of newly infected patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Based on the study results, Schelstraete et al. 1 suggest that neither home environment nor other patients are important sources of P. aeruginosa infection; therefore, the question remains as to the actual source of an initial infection. They conclude that acquisition from the environment outside the home is probable.

One possible source could be aerosol exposition of contaminated water during dental treatment. Transmission of microbial pathogens to patients from water in dental chair units (DCUs) has been a concern for many years. In the early 1980s, a German study revealed …
Educating Physicians About Responsible Management of Finite Resources
Authors: Shantanu Agrawal, Julie Taitsman, Christine Cassel
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>In vivo</i>Imaging of Oral Mucositis in an Animal Model Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Doppler Tomography
Authors: Petra Wilder-Smith, Marie J. Hammer-Wilson, Jun Zhang, Qiang Wang, Kathryn Osann, Zhongping Chen, Harvey Wigdor, Joel Schwartz, Joel Epstein
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: To assess noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical Doppler tomography (ODT) for early detection and evaluation of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Experimental Design: Cheek pouches of 10 Syrian golden hamsters were imaged using OCT/ODT during development of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. I.p. injections of 5-fluorouracil and mechanical irritation induced oral lesions. At 2, 4, 7, and 11 days, one hamster was sacrificed and processed for histopathology. OCT images were visually examined; ODT results were semiquantified. Imaging data were compared with histologic findings. Results: During the development of mucositis, OCT/ODT identified the following events: (a) change in epithelial thickness (beginning on day 2), (b) loss of surface keratinized layer continuity (beginning on day 4), (c) loss of epithelial (day 4 onwards) and submucosal integrity (day 7 onwards), (d) changes in axial blood flow velocity (increased on days 2 and 4; decreased on day 7), and (e) changes in blood vessel size (diameter doubled on day 2; quadrupled on day 4; unchanged on day 7). The semiquantitative imaging-based scoring system identified the severity of mucositis as defined by histopathology. The combination of imaging criteria used allowed for the detection of early, intermediate, and late mucositic changes. Imaging data gave higher scores compared with clinical scores early on, suggesting that the imaging-based diagnostic scoring was more sensitive to early mucositic change than the clinical scoring system. Once mucositis was established, imaging and clinical scores converged. Conclusion: OCT/ODT identified chemotherapy-induced oral changes before their clinical manifestation, and the proposed scoring system for oral mucositis was validated for the semiquantification of mucositic change.
Intestinal Vasculitis in Essential, Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
Authors: MICHAEL J. REZA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A patient with granulomatous enterocolitis proved by clinical and radiographic findings had essential, mixed (IgG-IgM) cryoglobulinemia. Histologic examination of the surgically resected ileum and proximal colon showed severe vasculitis without evidence of inflammatory bowel disease. The cryoglobulin isolated from the patient's serum consisted of IgG and IgM immunoglobulins and contained rheumatoid factor in a high titer. These findings suggest that the intestinal vasculitis was associated with, and perhaps a consequence of, essential cryoglobulinemia.
Delivery of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide lipopolyplex nanoparticles assembled by microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing
Authors: Chee Guan Koh, Xulang Zhang, Shujun Liu, Sharon Golan, Bo Yu, Xiaojuan Yang, Jingjiao Guan, Yan Jin, Yeshayahu Talmon, Natarajan Muthusamy
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION (THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS) INVOLVING THE INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: JACOB MEYER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Intermittent claudication is generally observed as a disease involving the blood vessels of the extremities. Variations from the usual forms are, however, known to occur. Thus, in 1901, Schnitzler<sup>1</sup>reported a case in a woman, aged 55, who suffered with severe cramps in the abdomen and constipation for four years. Shortly before death, pain became continuous and severe, and was not related to meals. Postmortem examination revealed an arteriosclerotic stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery. Schnitzler termed his case "intermittende anemischer Dysperistaltik des Darmes," and drew attention to the similarity of his case to intermittent claudication of the extremities. He believed that the pain and other abdominal symptoms were due to an ischemia of the intestinal tract. In 1902, Ortner<sup>2</sup>described a similar case in a man, aged 55, who, two years previous to the onset of final symptoms, had a severe sudden pain in the epigastrium, following
Disorders of sodium balance: Iatrogenic hyponatraemia—water overload and not enough potassium
Authors: John A W Wildsmith
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Reynolds et al dealt with the important, everyday clinical problem of disorders of sodium balance and clearly stated that most cases of hyponatraemia are iatrogenic.1 However, they did not clarify the reasons for iatrogenic hyponatraemia: usually a combination of water overload and inadequate potassium replacement. Too many doctors believe that a …
Ethylene oxide and leukemia
Authors: Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Raymond R. Neutra, James F. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  Divine and Amanollahi 1 argue that the study of Hogstedt and associates 2 —which confirmed an earlier observation that workers occupationally exposed to ethylene oxide had elevated rates of leukemia mortality—was seriously deficient. They also cite a previous occupational study, 3 involving a larger cohort, that found no excess cancer mortality. We address the issue of the carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide by comparing dose-response data from animals 4 with human data. 2,3   Ethylene oxide produced mononuclear cell leukemia in both male and female rats in two separate inhalation bioassays. 4,5 Thus, animals and humans of both sexes develop cancer in the same type of tissue after ethylene oxide exposure.  Study.—  We examined how well the dose-response relationship observed in rats fitted the epidemiologic data from several cohorts. 2,3 Our objective was to see if the observed number, of human cancer deaths was in the range of what
The role of nitric oxide in the vascular hyporesponsiveness to methoxamine in portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Fa-Yauh Lee, Agustin Albillos, Luis A. Colombato, Roberto J. Groszmann
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study examined whether an increased activity of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide, may account for the hyporesponsiveness to vasoconstrictors in portal hypertension. We performed dose-response curves to methoxamine, an α-adrenoceptor agonist, with and without Nω-nitro-L-arginine, a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, in experimental portal hypertension. Partial portal vein—ligated or sham-operated rats were pretreated with a continuous intravenous infusion of either Nω-nitro-L-arginine (50 μg · kg−1 · min−1) or saline. Thirty minutes after starting the infusion of Nω-nitro-L-arginine or saline an infusion of methoxamine (10, 30 and 100 μg · kg−1 · min−1) was added. Total peripheral resistance was calculated from mean arterial pressure and cardiac index. Repeated measurements of cardiac index were performed by a thermodilution technique. In portal vein—ligated rats pretreated with saline, the increase in total peripheral resistance after methoxamine infusion was significantly less than that of sham-operated rats (0.2 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.1 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3 and 3.7 ± 0.5 vs. 6.1 ± 0.7 mm Hg · ml−1 · min · 100 gm, p < 0.05, methoxamine 10, 30 and 100 μg · kg−1 · min−1, respectively). In the presence of Nω-nitro-L-arginine, the change in total peripheral resistance after methoxamine infusion was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that a vascular hyporesponsiveness to methoxamine is present in portal vein—ligated rats and that this hyporesponsiveness is reversed by blockade of nitric oxide. This suggests that nitric oxide plays an important role in the arterial vasodilation observed in portal hypertensive states. (HEPATOLOGY 1992;16:1043–1048.)
THE CLINICAL ASPECTS OF RHEUMATIC FEVER IN CHILDHOOD, AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE QUESTION OF SPECIFIC ETIOLOGY.
Authors: CHARLES HUNTER DUNN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

rheumatic in nature as are the cases of acute pyemic arthritis of infants.What makes confusion still easier is the fact that ton- sillar infection, with its resulting complications, is, like rheumatism, very likely to recur.ERYTHEMA NODOSUM.The rheumatic connection of erythema nodosum be- lieved in by many of the older writers, and more re- cently by Cheadle, is not confirmed, according to some of the present-day writers, by closer clinical observa- tions.In the absence of opportunity to make anything like wide observations in this disease I ought probably to withhold an opinion.But that discussion by those of you, who have had a larger experience with erythema nodosum, may be brought out, I want to suggest that this disease, too, is only another of the variable strepto- coccus infections of which the tonsils are the usual port of entry.Two years ago AbtT reported three cases of erythema nodosum to this section.In none of these cases could a history of rheumatism be established.What was espe- cially interesting to note, however, was the fact that the one case which -Abt had opportunity to observe from the very onset of the present illness, was treated by him ten days before in an attack of membranous tonsillitis.Bac- tériologie examination proved the latter condition to be a streptococcus infection.The findings in a single case of any disease may prove but little.At the same time, in a condition like ery- thema nodosum, the nature of which is the subject of discussion and the absolute knowledge of which is meager, close observations may suggest along what lines profitable work may be done, and may, at least, be taken as so much evidence pro or con prevailing opinion.Finger, moreover, has already found streptococci in the inflamed tissues of erythema nodosum, and the same author, after a number of observations, concluded that the disease was a septic process.A few more studies like Finger's and Abt's will almost positively separate the disease from the rheumatic class and may prove it to be no more or less than streptococcus infection usu- ally following tonsillitis.As to the many other conditions considered among the manifestations of child rheumatism I have at this time very little to say, except to express the opinion that one by one they will be taken away from this connection until rheumatism will come to mean not everything, but something, or nothing.
Markov Chasin Monte Carlo Algorithms for the Bayesian Analysis of Phylogenetic Trees
Authors: B. Larget, D. L. Simon
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

We further develop the Bayesian framework for analyzing aligned nucleotide sequence data to reconstruct phylogenies, assess uncertainty in the reconstructions, and perform other statistical inferences. We employ a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to sample trees and model parameter values from their joint posterior distribution. All statistical inferences are naturally based on this sample. The sample provides a most-probable tree with posterior probabilities for each clade, information that is qualitatively similar to that for the maximum-likelihood tree with bootstrap proportions and permits further inferences on tree topology, branch lengths, and model parameter values. On moderately large trees, the computational advantage of our method over bootstrapping a maximum-likelihood analysis can be considerable. In an example with 31 taxa, the time expended by our software is orders of magnitude less than that a widely used phylogeny package for bootstrapping maximum likelihood estimation would require to achieve comparable statistical accuracy. While there has been substantial debate over the proper interpretation of bootstrap proportions, Bayesian posterior probabilities clearly and directly quantify uncertainty in questions of biological interest, at least from a Bayesian perspective. Because our tree proposal algorithms are independent of the choice of likelihood function, they could also be used in conjunction with likelihood models more complex than those we have currently implemented.
Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: a controlled multicentre study in the United Kingdom.
Authors: C P Aber, N M Bass, C L Berry, P H Carson, R J Dobbs, K M Fox, J J Hamblin, S P Haydu, G Howitt, J E MacIver, R W Portal, E B Raftery, R H Rousell, J P Stock
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a multicentre trial of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction 302 patients received an intravenous infusion of 2 500 000 IU of streptokinase over 24 hours, while 293 patients served as controls. Neither group received anticoagulants unless indicated by thromboembolic complications. No significant difference in mortality was evident during inpatient treatment nor at six-week or six-month follow-up. The inpatient death rate was 12-6% in the streptokinase group and 13-7% among controls. There was no significant difference in the peak levels or pattern of enzyme increase. The incidence of cardiac failure and reinfarction was similar in the two groups, but major arrhythmias were less common in those on streptokinase (P less than 0-05). In the streptokinase group there were 36 minor and six more serious haemorrhagic complications. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage may have contributed to the death of one patient in each group. There were 18 thromboembolic complications in the streptokinase group and 38 among the controls. Pathological examination of the hearts of 25 patients who had taken streptokinase and 24 controls showed no striking differences between the groups, but haemorrhagic infarcts were found in three patients who had received streptokinase. An infusion of streptokinase within 24 hours of the onset of acute myocardial infarction does not significantly affect the mortality or course of the illness up to six months.
Acute and chronic treatment of severe and malignant hypertension with the oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril.
Authors: D B Case, S A Atlas, P A Sullivan, J H Laragh
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The patients with severe and 10 with accelerated or malignant hypertension were treated with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril. Captopril acutely reduced blood pressure in all patients except two who had suppressed plasma renin activity. Four patients with encephalopathy showed immediate improvement after the first dose. Two patients could be withdrawn from nitroprusside infusion upon administration of captopril. Nineteen of 20 patients have remained on captopril for 12-32 months. Blood pressure is controlled in 18 and improved in two. Eleven required addition of diuretic and one addition of clonidine. The maximal antihypertensive effect of captopril with or without diuretics was evident after 3 months of continuous therapy and was associated with elevated plasma renin levels, normal aldosterone excretion and preservation of renal function. Captopril was well-tolerated, but produced occasional rash, loss of taste and proteinuria. We conclude that captopril, alone or in combination with other drugs, is effective in both the acute and long-term management of severe and malignant hypertension.