tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surface activity of sputum from acute asthmatic patients.
Authors: K Kurashima, M Fujimura, T Matsuda, T Kobayashi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The cause of airway resistance that develops during an asthma attack is not fully understood. Besides bronchospasm and airway edema, a surfactant dysfunction has been suggested as a reason for an increase in airway resistance. This study sought to determine if surface activity of airway fluid is altered in acute asthmatic attacks. Sputa were collected serially from seven patients with acute asthmatic attacks and compared with that of normal subjects (n = 15) and subjects with stable asthma (n = 14). Sputa were analyzed for minimal surface tension (STmin), phospholipids (PL), and total proteins (TP). There were no significant differences in STmin, PL, and TP between sputa from normal subjects and subjects with stable asthma. In the acute phase of the attack, TP, TP/PL ratio, and STmin significantly increased. However, in the recovery phase of the attack, TP/PL ratio and STmin significantly decreased. These data demonstrated that surface properties of airway fluid deteriorated in the early phase of the asthma attack, but were ameliorated in the recovery phase possibly by the surfactant recruitment. The drastic changes in surface activity of sputum suggest that changes in airway surfactant may be partly involved in the pathogenesis of the airway obstruction during asthmatic attack.
Endoscopic bougie and balloon dilatation of multiple bronchial stenoses: 10 year follow up.
Authors: J B Ball, J C Delaney, C C Evans, R J Donnelly, C R Hind
Journal: Thorax (1991)

This paper reports 10 year follow up data on four patients who underwent mechanical dilatation of multiple bronchial stenoses (sarcoidosis two cases, berylliosis one case, idiopathic stenoses one case). Two patients enjoyed symptomatic and physiological improvement during the nine years before they presented with a recurrence of stenosis. The other two had recurrences sooner, and improved only slightly after they had started prednisolone treatment.
Loss of Awareness of Hypoglycemia Temporally Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Anna M. Sawka, Virginia Burgart, Donald Zimmerman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depression in patients with diabetes. We previously reported a 17-year-old patient with type 1 diabetes who developed loss of hypoglycemic awareness while on fluoxetine hydrochloride for depression (1). He regained hypoglycemic awareness after discontinuing fluoxetine. We hereby present two other cases of loss of hypoglycemic awareness temporally associated with the use of SSRIs.

This Caucasian female was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at 10 years of age. She was treated with an intensive subcutaneous insulin program (total 1.1 units · kg−1 · day−1) and a 1,600-kcal diabetic diet. Her HbA1c …
Abundant Raw Material for Cis-Regulatory Evolution in Humans
Authors: Matthew V. Rockman, Gregory A. Wray
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Changes in gene expression and regulation—due in particular to the evolution of cis-regulatory DNA sequences—may underlie many evolutionary changes in phenotypes, yet little is known about the distribution of such variation in populations. We present in this study the first survey of experimentally validated functional cis-regulatory polymorphism. These data are derived from more than 140 polymorphisms involved in the regulation of 107 genes in Homo sapiens, the eukaryote species with the most available data. We find that functional cis-regulatory variation is widespread in the human genome and that the consequent variation in gene expression is twofold or greater for 63% of the genes surveyed. Transcription factor-DNA interactions are highly polymorphic, and regulatory interactions have been gained and lost within human populations. On average, humans are heterozygous at more functional cis-regulatory sites (>16,000) than at amino acid positions (<13,000), in part because of an overrepresentation among the former in multiallelic tandem repeat variation, especially (AC)n dinucleotide microsatellites. The role of microsatellites in gene expression variation may provide a larger store of heritable phenotypic variation, and a more rapid mutational input of such variation, than has been realized. Finally, we outline the distinctive consequences of cis-regulatory variation for the genotype-phenotype relationship, including ubiquitous epistasis and genotype-by-environment interactions, as well as underappreciated modes of pleiotropy and overdominance. Ordinary small-scale mutations contribute to pervasive variation in transcription rates and consequently to patterns of human phenotypic variation.
Importance of HLA-DR Matching in Cadaveric Renal Transplantation
Authors: Torolf Moen, Dagfinn Albrechtsen, Audun Flatmark, Arnt Jakobsen, Jak Jervell, Stein Halvorsen, Bjarte G. Solheim, Erik Thorsby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To investigate the influence of matching for HLA-DR antigens in renal transplantation, we assessed the outcome of 170 prospectively HLA-typed cadaveric kidney transplantations performed since 1977 in one center. We found a beneficial effect on graft survival of HLA-DR compatibility between donor and recipient (P<0.05). A possible effect of matching for the HLA-A and B antigens could be seen only in the HLA-DR-mismatched combinations. Pretransplantation blood transfusions were associated with increased graft survival only in patients receiving HLA-DR mismatched transplants (P<0.02). We conclude that major emphasis should be placed on obtaining HLA-DR compatibility in renal transplantation. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:850–4.)
Mechanism of serum cholesterol reduction by oat bran
Authors: Judith A. Marlett, Kathryn B. Hosig, Nicholas W. Vollendorf, Fred L. Shinnick, Valerie S. Haack, Jon A. Story
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Nine normolipidemic young men consumed a constant diet for 2 mo into which oat bran was incorporated during the second month so that we might test the hypotheses that oats lower serum cholesterol concentrations by decreasing bile acid and fat absorption and increasing bile acid synthesis. Bile acid kinetics were determined by measuring the 13 C enrichment of serum cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. Oat bran consumption decreased serum cholesterol levels (p &lt; 0.01) and cholic acid pool size (p &lt; 0.05). Deoxycholic acid pool size (p &lt; 0.01) and the synthesis and fractional turnover rates of both primary bile acids (p &lt; 0.05) increased. Total bile acid pool size did not change. Fecal excretion of total bile acids, the two secondary bile acids and fat increased significantly. The results demonstrate that oat bran lowers serum cholesterol levels in part by altering bile acid metabolism. In addition, the substantial increase in the proportion of the total bile acid pool that was deoxycholic acid is consistent with the hypothesis that oat bran also decreases cholesterol synthesis.
Physician's Guide to Terrorist Attack
Authors: Paul Grant
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Paranoia is a wonderful stimulus for the imagination, and after reading this new guide you'll be surprised at the mind boggling ingenuity of 21st century terrorists. The very American interpretation of modern warfare suggests that there will be a move away from traditional theatres of war to more urban and civilian targets. This means that at any moment we can expect our local shopping centre to explode, the very water we drink to be contaminated while we receive anthrax through the post, and “rogue states” to drop dirty nuclear …
Nephrin and podocin dissociate at the onset of proteinuria in experimental membranous nephropathy
Authors: Takeshi Nakatsue, Hiroko Koike, Gi Dong Han, Koichi Suzuki, Naoko Miyauchi, Huaiping Yuan, David J. Salant, Fumitake Gejyo, Fujio Shimizu, Hiroshi Kawachi
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Abstract 1546: Combined direct intratumoral adenoviral delivery and production of Rheoswitch®-regulated IL-12 and IFNα enhances antitumor activity in lung and breast cancer models
Authors: Selva Murugesan, Tim Chan, Charles Reed, Mini Bharathan, Sheila Connelly, William E. Fogler, Hagop Youssoufian, Ron Herberman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Current cancer immunotherapies have provided limited success in the clinic and innovative strategies are required to further enhance the effectiveness of an anti-tumor immune response.This study assessed anti-tumor activity utilizing intratumoral (i.t.) administration of adenovirus (Ad) with the novel Rheoswitch Therapeutic System®(RTS®), an inducible promoter system, for regulated expression of murine IL-12 or IFNα. Oral administration of a small molecule activator ligand (AL), INXN-1001, regulates the expression of IL-12 in Ad-RTS-mIL-12 and IFNα in Ad-RTS-mIFNα. The regulated expression and therapeutic benefit of IL-12 and IFNα from i.t. administered Ad-RTS-mIL-12 and Ad-RTS-mIFNα, either alone or in combination, was examined in syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and syngeneic mammary carcinoma (4T1) models. In the LLC model, daily treatment with oral AL alone (administered in feed at 1000 ppm, representing a daily dose of ∼225 mg/kg/day) or i.t. cytokine gene therapy in the absence of AL did not result in significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to control, untreated tumors. In contrast, i.t. injection with 1010 vp Ad-RTS-mIL-12 or Ad-RTS-mIFNα and daily oral AL led to significant tumor growth inhibition by day 25 (72 and 71%, respectively; p&amp;lt;0.05). Notably, combined treatment of the LLC tumors with Ad-RTS-mIL-12 and Ad-RTS-mIFNα with oral AL resulted in significant anti-tumor effect compared to either treatment alone (97% growth inhibition; p&amp;lt;0.05) without overt toxicity as assessed by no change in body weight. In the 4T1 model, i.t. treatment with 1010 vp of Ad-RTS-mIL-12 plus AL or Ad-RTS-mIFNα plus AL led to 58 and 53% inhibition of tumor growth compared to control untreated tumors by day 34 (p&amp;lt;0.05). Notably, concomitant treatment with both Ad-RTS-mIL-12 plus AL and Ad-RTS-mIFNα plus AL resulted in enhanced anti-tumor activity with 80% growth inhibition. These data indicate that the combined treatment strategy using RTS-regulated IL-12 and IFNα in Ad vectors concomitant with AL induces effective therapeutic activity against aggressive murine tumors. Future studies will investigate the mechanism by which both IL-12 and IFNα exert their anti-tumor effect in the above tumor models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1546. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1546
Detection of Tricuspid Valvular Regurgitation with a Catheter Velocitometer
Authors: STANTON P. NOLAN, LUIS M. BOTERO, EDDIE C. INOCENCIO, ROBERT E. RAWITSCHER, ROBERTO J. LEE
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The preoperative diagnosis of tricuspid valvular regurgitation (TVR) is unreliable, and definitive diagnosis is usually made by the surgeon at the time of operation. In preliminary studies of a new electromagnetic catheter velocitometer used in dogs undergoing thoracotomy, pressures in the right atrium and ventricle were recorded simultaneously with the velocity of vena caval blood flow through a competent tricuspid valve and following surgical production of TVR. Normal and chronic TVR dogs were studied by catheterization. A systolic to diastolic (S/D) ratio was derived by measuring the areas beneath the recorded vena caval velocity curves that coincided with ventricular systole and diastole. In both normal and TVR dogs, heart rate varied from 60 to 240/min, and mean right atrial pressure varied from 2.5 to 15 mm Hg. Results indicated that patterns of velocity clearly distinguished normal from regurgitant tricuspid valves; velocity pattern of TVR was the reciprocal of the normal pattern; vena caval S/D ratio in normal animals was 2.0 ± 0.3 but never less than 1.0, and S/D ratio in TVR was 0.6 ± 0.15 but always less than 1.0. Under conditions similar to clinical cardiac catheterization, the patterns of velocity and the S/D ratio obtained with the velocitometer provided a highly reliable assessment of the presence or absence of TVR in dogs.
Modern Trends in Endocrinology, 2nd series
Authors: George F. Cahill
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book is a collection of 19 articles on various aspects of endocrinology written by a group of eminent British and American physicians. In many ways it supplements the first volume in the series by covering new subjects, particularly those which have rapidly developed since the first volume was published in 1958. Specifically included are chapters on growth and thyrotropic hormones, aldosteronism, both primary and secondary, measurement of insulin activity, hypoglycemic syndromes and agents, hyperparathyroidism, the genetics of sexual differentiation, and ovarian and uterine dysfunction, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, anabolic steroids, and hormonal factors in the genesis of cancer. As in most other collected works, some of the chapters are extremely basic, such as that on growth hormone, by A. Korner, whereas other chapters, such as the one on treatment of Cushing's syndrome, by R. G. Sprague and collaborators, are designed to serve as a practical clinical guide. Ample references are
BOOK REVIEW: The Courage to Care: the Impact of Cancer on the Family
Authors: A. SPARBER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article BOOK REVIEW: The Courage to Care: the Impact of Cancer on the Family Get access The Courage to Care: the Impact of Cancer on the Family Susanne Baxandall . Prasuna Reddy . Melbourne : David Lovell Publ. , 1993 . 182 pp., illus. $10.50. ISBN 1-86355-036-4 ANDREW SPARBER, R.N., M.S., C.S. ANDREW SPARBER, R.N., M.S., C.S. Clinical CenterNIH Bldg. 10, Rm. 7D55 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 16, 17 August 1994, Page 1248, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.16.1248 Published: 17 August 1994
Health visitors and child health.
Authors: E J Morton
Journal: BMJ (1977)

distances and stay away from home as before.I suggest that specialist societies should urgently consider amalgamation or combined meetings with the larger organisations.Unless something is done to reduce expenses I feel sure that resignations will inevitably follow non-attendance and many of these valuable professional activities will cease.Little help can be expected from employing authorities, whose funds are wholly insufficient to cover meeting expenses for most of their staff.
Arterial fibrous proteins in cynomolgus monkeys after atherogenic and regression diets.
Authors: M L Armstrong, M B Megan
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Fibrous proteins were measured in five arterial beds in adult cynomolgus monkeys after administration of atherogenic and regression regimens. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the monkeys a hypercholesterolemic diet containing 1.2% cholesterol for 17 months. A low-fat, cholesterol-free regression diet was then given for 60 days, 200 days, and 20 months. In atherosclerosis, collagen concentration (mg/g dry weight) and collagen content (mg/cm length of artery) both increased. At 200 days of regression the collagen concentration, but not the collagen content, was higher than it was in atherosclerosis. In late regression (20 months), the collagen content was lower than it was in atherosclerosis, although in the five arterial beds considered together the collagen concentration was not significantly lower. Both the elastin concentration and the elastin content rose in atherosclerosis and decreased in regression. These mass data suggest that fibrous proteins are lost from the arterial wall during a regression regimen. Correlative evidence suggests that younger intimal fibers may be chiefly susceptible to fibrolytic activity, leaving dense intimal scars characteristic of regressed arteries.
Nodal generalised osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease.
Authors: M Doherty, M Pattrick, R Powell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Nature of osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis (OA), the commonest abnormality to affect synovial joints, has accompanied man throughout his evolutionary history, and a similar process occurs in other animals that fuse epiphyses in the adult."13Such prevalence and phylogenetic preservation suggest that OA is a process rather than a disease, reflecting the response of articular tissues to extrinsic or intrinsic insult, or both.4 5 The recognised synthetic activity of osteoarthritic tissues," the radiographic remodelling and favourable outcdone seen in many patients with OA,7-9 and the prevalence of asymptomatic 'disease'3 10 11 sup- port the concept of OA as a repair process.4'5Like any repair process, OA may succeed or fail when responding to a variety of triggering or perpetuating insults (fig 1).The pathogenesis and variability of OA are poorly understood, but multiple factors, including genetic, consti- tutional, and environmental, are likely to play a part.3 12 13 Marked variability in the nature and chronicity of the insult(s), and host differences in effective repair response, result in the confus- ing heterogeneity of radiographic and clinical maniestations.The 'subset' ofnodal generalised OA (NGOA) In an attempt to understand OA better and to identify factors initiating and influencing compensation (no symptoms, good outcome) or decompensation (symptoms, functional impair- Figure I Representation ofosteoarthritis as a repair process that may compensate orfail in response to a variety ofinsults.ment, 'joint failure'), OA has been increasingly divided into clinically determined subsets.3Such categorisation has been by distribution of joint disease (generalised, pauciarticular, monoarticular'4); predominance of certain radio- graphic features ('atrophic', 'hypertrophic'l5); associated crystal deposition (pyrophosphate arthropathy,16 apatite associated destructive arthritis'7); and presumed aetiological factors- for example, epiphysial dysplasia, Kashin-Beck disease.Such subsetting, especially for common forms of OA, has proved problematic because of overlap,'6 18 temporal transition from one sub- set to another,'6 19 and difficulties in radiographic interpretation and crystal identifi-Genetic associations Surprisingly, despite marked familial predis-
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Individualized Heparin and Protamine Management in Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Colleen E. Gruenwald, Cedric Manlhiot, Anthony K. Chan, Lynn Crawford-Lean, Celeste Foreman, Helen M. Holtby, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Ross Richards, Helen Moriarty, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
High Hopes—and Many Morals
Authors: Kenneth M. Prager
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Dr Zuger's 1 A Piece of My Mind essay discusses one of many patients who have been subjected to needless psychological torment thanks to an ill-conceived New York State law that dictates the manner in which physicians may withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from hospitalized patients.  Whereas in previous years it was perfectly acceptable, indeed appropriate, for a physician to withhold CPR from terminally ill patients without having to discuss the issue with them, it is now necessary for every dying patient to sign a complex document stating that he or she does not wish to undergo resuscitation in the event of cardiorespiratory arrest. If the patient cannot understand the document, a surrogate may sign it instead.  The law has had several undesirable consequences and is viewed as ill-conceived and foolish by the vast majority of New York physicians. Unless the complex form is completed in its entirety,
Increases in peripheral oxygen demand affect blood flow distribution in hemorrhaged dogs.
Authors: J A Romand, J V Attewell, M R Pinsky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Blood flow redistribution away from the gastrointestinal tract and kidney occurs during progressive hemorrhage and stress. However, the effects of remote increases in oxygen demand on a circulation with limited ability to respond have not been described. Thus, we observed the effect of remote increases in oxygen demand on splanchnic and renal blood flow in hemorrhaged dogs. Nine alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, splenectomized dogs were subjected to hemorrhage of 10 ml/kg followed by an additional 5 ml/kg. At each of these two stages, bilateral femoral nerve stimulation was used to increase lower extremity oxygen demand while lower extremity, splanchnic, renal blood flows and arteriovenous oxygen content differences were monitored. Hemorrhage was associated with redistribution of blood flow away from the lower extremities and kidneys and increasing the oxygen extraction ratio of the splanchnic bed. Lower extremity stimulation increased whole-body oxygen consumption (7.3 +/- 2.7 to 11.4 +/- 4.5 ml O2/min/kg, p < 0.01). If arterial pressure remained stable during stimulation (> 90% of baseline value, n = 9), visceral organ blood flow did not change. However, when blood pressure decreased (< 70% of baseline, n = 8), splanchnic (226.3 +/- 143.5 to 140.9 +/- 126.4 ml/min, p < 0.01) and renal (59.6 +/- 30.2 to 28.5 +/- 26.0 ml/min, p < 0.01) blood flow also decreased. Thus, in the anesthetized, hemorrhaged dog, increased peripheral oxygen demand results in further redistribution of blood flow away from the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys only when there is a concurrent decrease in blood pressure.
Evaluation multicentrique et prospective du dispositif GATEKEEPER® dans le traitement du reflux gastrooesophagien symptomatique: résultats à 3 mois
Authors: J Boyer, V Quentin, J Baudon, T Ponchon, F Mion, B Vedrenne, T Barrioz, P Bauret, P Houcke, P Bulois, G Cadiot, H Claudez
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

L'objectif de cette étude a été d'évaluer à 3 mois l'efficacité et les effets secondaires d'un dispositif de traitement endoscopique du reflux gastrooesophagien (RGO) par implantation de matériel bio-inerte: le Gatekeeper®.