tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resting energy expenditure is not associated with disease activity in children with Crohn's disease
Authors: A. E. Wiskin, S. A. Wootton, R. M. Beattie
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Many children with Crohn9s disease have poor nutritional status. Increased resting energy expenditure (REE) unmatched by dietary intake is frequently implicated as a cause of weight loss, poor nutritional status and growth failure. Few studies have investigated REE in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of disease activity on resting energy expenditure in children with Crohn9s disease using appropriate correction for confounding factors <h3>Methods</h3> 60 children with Crohn9s disease were recruited from the regional paediatric gastroenterology unit between March 2009 and July 2010. A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status and disease activity was made at a single study visit. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry, and fat free mass (FFM) was derived from weight measurement and estimates of fat mass from skinfold thicknesses. Disease activity was measured using the Paediatric Crohn9s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI). <h3>Results</h3> 19 children had inactive disease (PCDAI &lt;10), 30 had mild disease (PCDAI ≤10 &lt;30) and 11 had moderate/severe disease (PCDAI ≤ 30). Mean±SD for height SDS, weight SDS and BMI SDS were −0.5 ±1.1, −0.7±1.3 and −0.6±1.6 respectively. The REE/kg FFM<sup>0.5</sup> of children with active disease was 3.5% lower than those with inactive disease but this difference failed to reach statistical significance p=0.2. Using a multiple regression model including FFM, age, gender and pubertal status, there was no significant difference in REE due to active or inactive disease (β0.018; p=0.805). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is no obvious relationship between disease activity and resting energy expenditure in children with Crohn9s disease when appropriate consideration is made for confounding factors such as age, gender, pubertal status and body composition.
Preoperative Staging of Rectal and Colonic Cancer
Authors: U. Hildebrandt, G. Schüder, G. Feifel
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

In rectal cancer, endosonography assesses the tumor penetration depth, EUS T1 to EUS T3, with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 89%. The evaluation of lymph nodes is less accurate, at 79%. The surgical strategy is different in the three parts of the rectum, and depends on the endosonographic tumor stage: upper third of the rectum--anterior resection for all tumor stages; middle third of the rectum--EUS T1 N0: transanal endoscopic microsurgery for "low-risk" carcinomas; EUS T1-2: anterior resection; EUS T3: anterior resection with complete excision of the mesorectum, reconstruction with coloanal pouch; lower third of the rectum--EUS T1 N0: transanal endoscopic microsurgery for "low-risk" carcinomas; EUS T1-2: anterior or intersphincteric resection with complete excision of the mesorectum, reconstruction with colon pouch; EUS T3: abdominoperineal excision. With the impact of endosonography, the proportion of abdominoperineal excisions has dropped from 46% to 15% during the last five years. Laparoscopic technology is likely to have an increasing impact on surgical procedures that have previously required an open approach. The following treatment policy derived from the endosonographic staging of colon tumors is proposed: EUS T1, laparoscopic segmental resection; EUS T2, laparoscopic oncological resection; EUS T3, conventional open surgery.
A phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose escalation study of elotuzumab in patients with advanced multiple myeloma
Authors: Jeffrey A. Zonder, Ann F. Mohrbacher, Seema Singhal, Frits van Rhee, William I. Bensinger, Han Ding, John Fry, Daniel E. H. Afar, Anil K. Singhal
Journal: Blood (2011)
Moving forward on cultural learning
Authors: Angelina S. Lillard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1993)

Tomasello, Kruger &amp; Ratner make the very interesting and valid point that the transmission of culture must depend on understanding others' minds. Culture is shared among a people and is passed on to progeny. The sharing of culture implies that the purpose of (and therefore the meaning behind) any given cultural element (behavioral tradition, word, or artifact) is understood. Because meaning or purpose emanates from minds, something about others' minds must be understood in order to truly learn some element of a culture. It thus makes sense that cultural learning should depend on social-cognitive skills. But what exactly is cultural learning? There are two rival interpretations of the term cultural learning. In the first, one would define a given type of cultural learning by the type of social-cognitive skill it entails. For example, imitative learning would be defined as any learning of a cultural element in which another's goals or intentions are taken into account. This definition of cultural learning, however, would force Tomasello et al.'s argument into a circle: Imitative learning relies on this social-cognitive skill because imitative learning is defined as learning that relies on this social-cognitive skill. Such a circular definition does not do their argument justice.
γ-Polyglutamic acid-coated vectors for effective and safe gene therapy
Authors: Tomoaki Kurosaki, Takashi Kitahara, Shigeru Kawakami, Yuriko Higuchi, Ayumi Yamaguchi, Hiroo Nakagawa, Yukinobu Kodama, Tomoyuki Hamamoto, Mitsuru Hashida, Hitoshi Sasaki
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
FDG PET or PET/CT for Detecting Intramedullary and Extramedullary Lesions in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yu-Yu Lu, Jin-Hua Chen, Wan-Yu Lin, Ji-An Liang, Hsin-Yi Wang, Shih-Chuan Tsai, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Aim The purpose of the current study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET or PET/CT for intramedullary and extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma. Methods The authors conducted a systematic MEDLINE search of published articles. Two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of each study. We estimated pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR−), and summary receiver operating characteristic curves in the detection of intramedullary and extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma. Results Fourteen studies with a total of 395 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio of FDG PET or PET/CT for the detection of extramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma were 96.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 79.6%–99.9%], 77.8% (95% CI, 40.0%–97.2%), 3.28 (95% CI, 1.29–8.32), and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.03–0.42), respectively. The pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR− of FDG PET or PET/CT for the detection of intramedullary lesions in multiple myeloma were 61.1% (95% CI, 43.5%–76.9%), 94.1% (95% CI, 71.3%–99.9%), 5.73 (95% CI, 1.53–21.40), and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.28–0.65), respectively. Conclusions Whole-body FDG PET or PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool for the assessment of patients with multiple myeloma, especially for the appraisal of extramedullary involvement.
PSA Kinetics and Risk of Death From Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mitchell S. Anscher
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional blockage of open comedones
Authors: N.B. SIMPSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Sebum excretion rate was measured by a photometric technique. We demonstrated a high correlation between sebum excretion rates on the left and right sides of the upper back and between back and forehead skin. Sebum excretion rate measurements overlying an open comedone (blackhead) were significantly lower than those obtained from normal skin. This observation demonstrates a functional obstruction to the outflow of sebum and would suggest that the lack of involvement of open comedones in inflammatory acne is not because of the maintenance of a free flow of sebum.
THE VALUE TO THE MEDICAL STUDENT OF PHYSIOLOGIC STUDY.
Authors: JOHN A. BENSON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In a superstructure like that of the art and science of medicine wherein we find the various subdivisions, so imbricated and intimately related to and connected with each other that injury to or removal of any one would endanger the integrity of the whole, it is manifestly improper, and in fact impossible to attempt to place a greater value on any one part than can be ascribed to any and every other. For in such a whole no particular fractional part excels any other as far as specific value is concerned, and the value and dignity of the whole equal the sum total of the individual parts. And indeed were we to attempt to remove or neglect any part, no matter what, we would not merely be subtracting a fractional value or dignity and thereby lessening the total by just so much as would be subtracted, but we would be
Virilizing Hepatoblastoma: Precocious Sexual Development and Partial Response of Pulmonary Metastases to Cis-Platinum
Authors: R. R. Arshad, S. Y. Woo, V. Abbassi, G. R. Hoy, L. F. Sinks
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

A 4⅔ year old boy with hepatoblastoma presented with precocious sexual development and an abdominal mass. During the course of disease, serial endocrinologic laboratory invesTIGations were done. along with α-fetoprotein levels. A significant correlation is noted in these values at diagnosis, postsurgery, and later during a relapse. Ectopic production of chorionic gonadotropins by the tumor is evident. After extensive surgical resection, chemotherapy was started because of metastases. Although the primary tumor failed to respond, the pulmonary metastatic disease showed a greater than 50 percent response rate with cis-platinum.
Comparison of respiratory inductance plethysmography with thoracoabdominal compression in bronchial challenges in infants and young children.
Authors: C Springer, S Godfrey, D Vilozni, E Bar-Yishay, N Noviski, A Avital
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Respiratory inductance plethysmography measuring thoracoabdominal asynchrony (TAA) has been claimed to be a useful tool for measuring changes in airway resistance in infants. In this study we evaluated the response to methacholine by thoracoabdominal compression and respiratory inductance plethysmography. Seventeen infants (mean age, 13.1 +/- 4.7 mo) with recurrent episodes of cough or wheeze underwent bronchial challenge with inhaled methacholine. Lung function was evaluated by measuring maximal expiratory flow at resting lung volume (VmaxFRC), and the degree of TAA was measured by phase angle (theta). Methacholine was inhaled for 1 min during tidal breathing using increasing doubling concentrations until a fall of at least 40% in VmaxFRC was achieved (final concentration). All infants responded to the final concentration of methacholine by a significant fall in VmaxFRC (from 31 +/- 10 to 12 +/- 5 ml/s/kg, p < 0.001). All but one infant responded to methacholine at the final concentration with a significant increase in phase angle (median theta increased from 11.7 to 31.7 degrees, p < 0.001). In two other infants there was an early response in theta compared with the response in VmaxFRC. Phase angle increase after methacholine was expressed as Z-scores (the difference between postmethacholine theta and postbuffer theta divided by the standard deviation of postbuffer theta). An increase of at least 2.0 Z-scores in theta was observed at the same concentration of methacholine when VmaxFRC fell by at least 40% in 15 of the 17 infants (88%). We conclude that respiratory inductance plethysmography is a sensitive method to measure bronchial reactivity to methacholine in most of the infants studied (14 of 17, 82%). A concentration of methacholine causing an increase in theta of at least 2.0 standard deviations above baseline is equivalent to the concentration causing a 40% fall in VmaxFRC.
Subcapsular Hepatic Hematoma after Guide Wire Injury During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Management and Review
Authors: K. D. Chi, I. Waxman
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Complications of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) that are associated with the guide wire are fortunately rare, but may be more common than is reported. We describe the case of a 43-year-old woman with obstructive jaundice from metastatic pancreatic cancer who underwent an elective ERCP for biliary stent placement. This was complicated by guide wire-associated injury that resulted in the development and eventual rupture of a subcapsular hepatic hematoma and which was successfully treated with nonsurgical management. If identified and treated rapidly, using a multidisciplinary approach (i. e., with medical, interventional radiology, and surgical input), such patients can be conservatively managed.
Dermal exposure to environmental contaminants in the Great Lakes.
Authors: R P Moody, I Chu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This paper reviews the literature to determine the importance of the dermal route of exposure for swimmers and bathers using Great Lakes waters and summarizes the chemical water contaminants of concern in the Great Lakes along with relevant dermal absorption data. We detail in vivo and in vitro methods of quantifying the degree of dermal absorption and discuss a preference for infinite dose data as opposed to finite dose data. The basic mechanisms of the dermal absorption process, routes of chemical entry, and the environmental and physiological factors affecting this process are also reviewed, and we discuss the concepts of surface slick exposure to lipophilic compounds and the adsorption of contaminants to water sediment. After presenting mathematical constructs for calculating the degree of exposure, we present in vitro data concerning skin absorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed to Great Lakes water sediment to show that in a worst-case scenario exposure via the dermal route can be equally important to the oral route. We have concluded that prolonged exposure of the skin, especially under conditions that may enhance dermal absorption (e.g., sunburn) may result in toxicologically significant amounts of certain water contaminants being absorbed. It is recommended that swimming should be confined to public beaches, people should refrain from swimming if they are sunburned, and skin should be washed with soap as soon as possible following exposure. Future studies should be conducted to investigate the importance of the dermal exposure route to swimmers and bathers.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF COMBINED VENTILATION-PERFUSION LUNG SCAN AND COMPRESSION ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED PULMONARY EMBOLISM.
Authors: S. Dadparvar, R. M. Magno, J. C. Sabatino, M. Pan, A. A. Shaikh, N. V. Ghesani, W. J. Slizofski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Myocarditis in a Newborn Infant with Encephalomeningitis Due to Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5
Authors: Thomas B. Delaney, Francis H. Fukunaga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

SINCE the Coxsackie virus was first isolated from patients with suspected poliomyelitis in 1947, there have been increasing reports of diseases, including aseptic meningitis, epidemic pleurodynia, herpangina and more recently myocarditis, caused by this virus.The first cases of myocarditis in infants, thought to be due to Coxsackie virus, were described from Southern Rhodesia1 and Transvaal.2 More recently, they have been reported in Holland3 and the United States.4 There was doubt that Coxsackie virus could be the etiologic agent in the first cases.5 However, Javett et al.2 and Kibrick and Benirschke,4 in addenda to their articles, described the virus recovered . . .
Relation between blood pressure, weight, and plasma sugar and serum insulin levels in schoolchildren aged 9-12 years in Westland, Holland.
Authors: C V Florey, S Uppal, C Lowy
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In 2388 schoolchildren aged 9-12 years who took part in a study of cardiovascular risk factors in Westland, Holland, plasma sugar concentrations were found to be positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, independently of weight. Serum cholesterol levels were also related to systolic blood pressure in boys, but much less strongly than plasma sugar levels. The relation between serum insulin and blood pressure, independent of plasma sugar, was weak. The relation between plasma sugar and systolic pressure existed for both sexes and regardless of whether measurements were made in the morning or afternoon; its association with diastolic pressure was weaker, and was not so consistent over all groups. These findings suggest that the relations between risk factors for coronary heart disease that exist in adults are already evident in childhood.
Aspirin and Lymphocyte Transformation
Authors: MARTIN J. SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Twelve healthy subjects were placed on aspirin in a dosage of 600 mg five times daily for 14 days. The capability of their lymphocytes in culture to incorporate 3H-thymidine in response to phytohemagglutinin and allogeneic lymphocytes (one-way mixed lymphocyte culture) was measured before and after the course of aspirin. The results were compared with those obtained simultaneously from non-aspirin-treated control subjects. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between lymphocyte response in the pretreatment and posttreatment periods or between aspirin-treated and non-aspirin-treated subjects. In contrast to previous reports of lymphocyte suppression resulting from addition of aspirin directly to lymphocyte culture and from orally administered aspirin, we conclude that comparable dose ranges in vivo do not suppress lymphocyte responsiveness to either phytohemagglutinin or allogeneic lymphocytes, at least within a 2-week period of treatment.
Metabolic Effects of Alcohol on the Liver
Authors: Kurt J. Isselbacher, Norton J. Greenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

IT is well known that the chronic or excessive ingestion of alcohol is associated with derangements in liver function and the development of liver disease. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms whereby the intake of alcohol produces a fatty liver or Laennec's cirrhosis have remained unclear.In the past considerable emphasis has been placed on the role of the impairment of nutrition as a major factor in the development of liver disease in the alcoholic subject. Many patients afflicted with alcoholism suffer from poor nutrition, and often their consumption of the ordinary and important foodstuffs is inversely related to the magnitude of . . .
The UN is premature in trying to ban DDT for malaria control
Authors: R. Tren, R. N. Kamwi, A. Attaran
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Despite the progress that has been made in malaria control and treatment, it remains a serious global health problem.1 Several malarial countries, including some that are striving to eliminate the disease, still rely on dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) for vector control. It is therefore problematic that the UN Environment Programme (UNEP), without the consent of member states, and violating its own treaties, exerts relentless pressure to ban DDT globally.

Environmental groups have tried to ban DDT before, but in 2000 the Stockholm Treaty made an exception for DDT in disease vector control, which it deemed “acceptable.”2 Thus, the hard work of malaria endemic African countries and a campaign by scientists and physicians warning that hasty elimination would be devastating secured DDT a place in the malaria armamentarium.3

The World Health Organization endorses DDT, arguing that a premature shift to less effective or more costly alternatives will have a negative impact on disease burden.4 Currently, 19 countries reserve the right under the Stockholm Convention to use DDT, and it is actively used in at least seven countries for indoor spraying.

DDT is relatively cheap, highly effective, and long lasting, and often no other …
A CASE OF ADDISON'S DISEASE: IN WHICH GREAT IMPROVEMENT TOOK PLACE UNDER OPEN-AIR TREATMENT AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF SUPRARENAL EXTRACT
Authors: B. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1905)

14,52 Tm Birrnt ISUPRABENAL RXTRAOUT IlN ADDI8ON~'S DISEASE._[Oft 2S4 I9S tiubes over the thyroid seems sometimes to be followed by -diminution of the swelling.I have already referred to the local uses of iodine.We; mxay:-alo employ for the,,, same purpose glycerine of belladonna,-or, what is a.cleaner prepara- 'tion, glycerine of atropinsea (St.Thomas's Hospital PharmuA copoeia).The latter may be applied over theiprecordiumfor the relief of palpitationsLocal electrical treatment and light treatment have also tbeen4.ried.Electrical treatment has proved disappointing, 4and; my belief is that any beneficial effect !it hasedepends on