tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiation enhancement of laser palliation for advanced rectal and rectosigmoid cancer: a pilot study.
Authors: I R Sargeant, J S Tobias, G Blackman, S Thorpe, S G Bown
Journal: Gut (1993)

Laser palliation for advanced rectal or rectosigmoid cancer requires repeat treatments every four to six weeks. Thirteen patients (seven men, six women) age range 65-91 (median 81) received additional external beam radiotherapy in an attempt to reduce the frequency of laser treatments required. After successful laser recanalisation, patients were treated with a dose of 30-55 Gy in 10-20 fractions. Bowel symptoms were well controlled for prolonged periods in 11 patients (85%) and further laser procedures were only required every 19 weeks median (range 6-53 weeks). The laser energy required after radiotherapy was only 800 J/month (median). Survival was 14 months (median, range 2.5-20 months) for the seven patients who have died. Seven patients received laser treatment only for three months or more (median 14 weeks, range 13-39). In this group control of symptoms required procedures every four weeks (median) before radiotherapy and 20 weeks (median) afterwards. The laser energy required before radiotherapy was 15,000 J/month and 2000 J/month afterwards (Wilcoxon rank sum test, p < 0.01 for both). Radiotherapy was well tolerated in all but one patient. Three patients developed strictures after radiotherapy but all were dealt with endoscopically. There were no complications solely due to endoscopic procedures. Additional radiotherapy enhances laser palliation for inoperable rectal or rectosigmoid cancer.
Endoscope Entrapment in the Choledochal Duct During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography for Choledocholithiasis
Authors: A. Manouras, E. E. Lagoudianakis, P. T. Antonakis, A. Romanos
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A rare complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is the entrapment of a Dormia basket during extraction of an impacted stone. The basket is usually retrieved after mechanical, shock-wave or laser lithotripsy. Open or laparoscopic surgery is rarely required [1].
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON LYE LEGISLATION
Authors: Chevalier Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Your committee begs to report that eleven judgments have been entered against different firms and corporations for the misbranding of caustic preparations as provided in the Federal Caustic Poison Act. All of these preparations contain caustic or corrosive substances in packages suitable for household use, and all were found under conditions involving interstate transportation. "Go-Drain"; sodium hydroxide; word "Poison" in type smaller than size required; no complete directions for treatment in case of accidental injury. Consigned by Goulard and Olena, Inc., New York. Transported from New Jersey into Pennsylvania. "Drain Aid"; George H. Garnet Co.; Wyeth Supply Co. Not labeled "Poison" and no directions for treatment. Shipped from Pennsylvania into Massachusetts and New York. "Go-Infecto No. 1"; Goulard and Olena, Inc. No word "Poison," no common name of article and no directions for treatment on label. Shipped from New Jersey into Connecticut. "Cold Water Drain Pipe Solvent"; Hercules Chemical Co.,
Smoke and Letters-Reply
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Drs Davis and Chapman, whose contributions to the debate on the toxic effects of tobacco smoke have been notable, correctly quote me as wanting to ensure publication of   of the articles we put into print. They then suggest that in my anxiety to seem fair, I ignore the quality of letters from people who have been sponsored by the tobacco industry.  Quality is hard to define. I restricted my argument to a consideration of the rational since to publish irrational criticism would be ludicrous. A letter's seeming rationality certainly gives the editor hope, though the points being made may still be nitpicking or not germane. Of course, this presupposes that the editor can distinguish the rational from the irrational. As editors, Davis and Chapman must know that expert reviewers often differ strenuously on this very question. Editors try hard to select and improve the best, but
Good behavioral science has room for theology: Any room for God?
Authors: Robert B. Glassman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This excellent outline of evolutionary hypotheses is compromised by severe reductionism. Other writings succeed in granting theism ontological significance without compromising rigor. The discussion of counterintuitiveness neglects coherence in memory. Bearing in mind our severely limited working memory capacity, susceptibility to religious mythologies may comprise an adaptive heuristic approach to summarizing the contingencies of the most far-reaching of life's problems.
Syndrome Simulating Lymphosarcoma Induced by Diphenylhydantoin Sodium
Authors: Samuel Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The hydantoin derivatives and analogues may, in sensitive patients, induce a syndrome which so closely mimics lymphosarcoma, both clinically and pathologically, that it leads to long and costly hospitalization. A case is reported of a patient under treatment with diphenylhydantoin sodium for grand mal epilepsy. She was admitted to hospital with fever, joint swellings, facial edema, generalized aches and pains, and adenopathy. A lymph node biopsy led to the diagnosis of lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma, and the patient was treated with nitrogen mustard. A continuing adverse clinical picture eventually prompted withdrawal of the diphenylhydantoin sodium. Gradual clinical improvement followed. Resumption of the drug by the patient after discharge from the hospital caused a recrudescence, and she was readmitted. After withdrawal of the diphenylhydantoin sodium, the symptoms again subsided.
Hepatocyte growth factor prevents renal fibrosis and dysfunction in a mouse model of chronic renal disease.
Authors: S Mizuno, T Kurosawa, K Matsumoto, Y Mizuno-Horikawa, M Okamoto, T Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Chronic renal disease (CRD) is generally thought to be incurable, except through renal transplantation, and the number of patients with CRD is on the increase. Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis represent the morphological equivalent of end-stage CRD. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the progression of renal dysfunction and fibrosis, using a spontaneous mouse model for CRD (ICGN strain). The mice progressively developed glomerular sclerotic injury, tubular atrophy, and renal dysfunction until they were 17 wk of age. When recombinant HGF was injected into these mice during a 4-wk-period (from weeks 14-17 after birth), DNA synthesis of tubular epithelial cells was found to be 4.4-fold higher than in mice without HGF injection, thereby suggesting tubular parenchymal expansion promoted by HGF. Notably, HGF suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-beta and of platelet-derived growth factor as well as myofibroblast formation in the affected kidney. Consequently, the onset of tubulointerstitial fibrosis was almost completely inhibited by HGF, while HGF attenuated the progression of glomerulosclerosis, both leading to preventing manifestation of renal dysfunction. From our results, supplement therapy with HGF may be taken into consideration as a novel option for prevention and treatment of CRD.
Psoas muscle hypertrophy: mechanical cause for "jogger's trots?".
Authors: D J Dawson, A N Khan, D R Shreeve
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Une observation: un athlete pratiquant la course souffre depuis 3 ans de troubles de defecation: urgence et frequence (toutes les 30 mn lors de competitions). Les examens revelent que la cause peut etre une hypertrophie du psoas comprimant le colon; lors d'efforts continus ce «massage» peut provoquer une diarrhee
Obesity is a wake up call for developing world too
Authors: Pushpa Ranjan Wijesinghe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The ABC article on obesity by Haslam et al is equally a wake up call to the developing world, which is gradually being affected by the epidemic of obesity.1 Sri Lanka is no exception. However, unlike developed countries, Sri Lanka has a prevalence of 29% of being underweight among children and a …
Appropriations Delays Threaten Widespread Cuts in Biomedical Research
Authors: C. Vanchieri, F. X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Appropriations Delays Threaten Widespread Cuts in Biomedical Research Get access Cori Vanchieri, Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Francis X. Mahaney Francis X. Mahaney Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 19, 3 October 1990, Pages 1528–1529, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.19.1528-b Published: 03 October 1990
Expression of exogenous protein and analysis of morphogenesis in the developing chicken heart using an adenoviral vector
Authors: S. A. Fisher, M. Watanabe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Recombinant retroviral vectors have been shown to be useful tools for marking cells so as to follow their fates during development. The aim of this study was to determine the utility and advantages of an adenoviral vector as a tool to study the heart as it develops from a simple tube into a complex four-chambered organ.Replication-defective adenovirus (10(7) pfu) expressing beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) under the control of the RSV-LTR was applied to the external surface of embryonic stage 13-21 chick hearts in ovo. Embryos were incubated for up to an additional 96 h. Hearts were harvested at 12-24 h intervals and (1) whole-mount-stained for beta-gal and sectioned, (2) examined by electron microscopy and (3) homogenized and beta-gal activity measured with a luminescent assay.beta-gal expression peaked at 48 h, when a significant percentage of the myocytes in the atrial and ventricular walls expressed the protein, and it comprised 0.5% of total heart protein. Significant levels were still expressed at 96 h. When applied to early-stage (13-16) embryos, expression occurred predominantly in cardiomyocytes. beta-gal marking of cells enabled us to identify the following morphogenic patterns: (1) cells of the conus region compact into the bulbis cordis; (2) by applying the virus at later stages, e.g. 21-22, it was evident that the epicardium invests the heart, after stage 17, in a dorsal to ventral and caudal to rostral direction; (3) at lower titers (10(5) pfu), the virus serves as a clonal marker through several cell divisions, with an estimated cell doubling time of 24 h.Application of an adenoviral vector to early-stage embryonic chick heart results in substantial expression of exogenous protein in a significant percentage of cardiomyocytes without grossly affecting heart development. Adenoviral vectors are useful for following the fate of cells as the heart develops from a simple tube into a complex four-chambered organ and hold promise for enabling the expression of exogenous proteins which might alter cell behavior.
GENERALIZED CUTANEOUS ERUPTION IN A DOG, WITH HISTOLOGICAL SIMILARITY TO HUMAN MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
Authors: D. F. KELLY, R. E. W. HALLIWELL, R. M. SCHWARTZMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— A Boxer bitch aged 8 years had a chronic progressive cutaneous eruption of 5 months' duration. Histologically there was diffuse infiltration of the dermis, epidermis and adnexal structures by histiocytic cells. There was no evidence, at necropsy, of the presence of lymphosarcoma, mastocytoma, or histiocytoma. The lesions are compared with those of mycosis fungoides in man.
Methoxyflurane and Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Richard H. Landesman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  We would like to report a case with a mild polyuria during his first exposure to methoxyflurane but a more severe and protracted episode of renal dysfunction during a second.  Report of a Case.—  A 43-year-old white man was seen on Dec 12, 1969, with increasing arterial claudication of the left leg of several years' duration. There was no history of renal or hepatic disease. Results of physical examination were normal except for absent left popliteal and dorsalis pedis pulses. The patient underwent a four-hour surgical procedure with a No. 10 Dacron graft being placed between the distal aorta and left external iliac artery while he was under 0.2% methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide anethesia. The patient did not require transfusion and was not hypotensive during the procedure. Following surgery the urine output increased to 4 to 5 liters a day for the next four days, after which
Differential MHC class II synthesis and ubiquitination confers distinct antigen-presenting properties on conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Louise J Young, Nicholas S Wilson, Petra Schnorrer, Anna Proietto, Toine ten Broeke, Yohei Matsuki, Adele M Mount, Gabrielle T Belz, Meredith O'Keeffe, Mari Ohmura-Hoshino, Satoshi Ishido, Willem Stoorvogel, William R Heath, Ken Shortman, Jose A Villadangos
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Glomerular hypertrophy aggravates epithelial cell injury in nephrotic rats.
Authors: P L Miller, J W Scholey, H G Rennke, T W Meyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Glomerular function and structure were assessed after reduction of nephron number and restriction of protein intake in rats with adriamycin nephrosis. Rats received an injection of adriamycin and were divided into three groups with similar values for albuminuria after 4 wk. Group 1 rats then served as controls, group 2 rats were subjected to four-fifths renal ablation, and group 3 rats were placed on a low protein diet (8% protein) while group 1 and group 2 rats remained on a standard diet (24% protein). Micropuncture and morphometric studies were performed 10 d later. Estimated single-nephron albuminuria (SNalb) was increased by renal ablation in group 2 and decreased by protein restriction in group 3 (group 1, 20 +/- 2 micrograms/d; group 2, 68 +/- 7 micrograms/d; group 3, 12 +/- 1 microgram/d, P less than 0.05 groups 2 and 3 vs. 1). Increased SNalb was associated with increased glomerular volume in group 2 and reduced SNalb was associated with reduced glomerular volume in group 3. (group 1, 1.44 +/- 0.04 x 10(6) microns 3; group 2, 1.66 +/- 0.08 x 10(6) microns 3; group 3, 1.26 +/- 0.03 x 10(6) microns 3, P less than 0.05 groups 2 and 3 vs. 1). Increased SNalb in group 2 was not associated with an increase in glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure. The area of epithelial cell detachment from the peripheral capillary wall was markedly increased in group 2 but not perceptibly altered in group 3 (group 1, 16 +/- 5 x 10(2) microns 2; group 2, 65 +/- 17 x 10(2) microns 2; group 3, 18 +/- 5 x 10(2) microns 2; P less than 0.05 group 2 vs. 1). These studies show that glomerular hypertrophy is associated with increased epithelial cell detachment from the peripheral capillary wall and with increased remnant nephron albuminuria after reduction of nephron number in rats with established nephrosis.
Tamoxifen and the Singing Voice
Authors: Andrew Herxheimer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Covering 60 years of research without mentioning a paper that highlights fl aws in the literature, in a review, should negate any conclusion.In the Cochrane review by Douglas et al. [1], which is referenced in the Best Practice article by Douglas and Hemilä [2], there was no mention of the revealing paper published last year by Padayatty et al. [3], which shows that three-times greater blood concentration can be achieved with an oral dose of vitamin C than previously thought possible.Since viruses increase the demand for ascorbic acid, the oral doses used in the reviewed studies appear trivial, and would not be expected to produce any positive effect.Compare human oral dose studies to what animals synthesize throughout the day.It is obvious that a single dose of a watersoluble vitamin, regardless of the number of milligrams consumed, will not elevate blood plasma levels enough to produce a preventive or therapeutic effect.
The cell penetrating ability of the proapoptotic peptide, KLAKLAKKLAKLAK fused to the N-terminal protein transduction domain of translationally controlled tumor protein, MIIYRDLISH
Authors: Hyo Young Kim, Seunghoo Kim, Hyewon Youn, June-Key Chung, Dong Hae Shin, Kyunglim Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Outbreak of Streptococcal Wound Infections-Reply
Authors: Ruth L. Berkelman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Poma is correct in his assumption that nurse A voluntarily agreed to the cultures that were obtained. Throat cultures were also obtained from other family members; these did not yield group A<i>Streptococcus</i>. However, six months later, when nurse A was discovered to be carrying and disseminating group A<i>Streptococcus</i>of a different serotype, repeated family cultures disclosed that her 5-year-old daughter carried group A<i>Streptococcus</i>of a similar serotype. The daughter had been symptomatic with fever and a sore throat and may have been the source of her mother's reaquisition of group A<i>Streptococcus</i>. The mother and daughter were both treated. Microbiological testing is important to confirm epidemiologic findings, to determine when to allow a person suspected to be a disseminator of infection to resume patient-care duties, and for the advancement of knowledge that might be useful in preventing similar outbreaks or in limiting their extent.
Predictive Factors for Pancreatic Cancer in Patients with Chronic Pancreatitis in Association with K-<i>ras</i>Gene Mutation
Authors: M. Arvanitakis, J.-L. Van Laethem, J. Parma, V. De Maertelaer, M. Delhaye, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Chronic pancreatitis is considered to be a predisposing factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAC). The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic value of a finding of mutated (K-ras) gene in predicting the development of PAC in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Patients and Methods: The pancreatic duct brushings of 146 patients with chronic pancreatitis were examined in order to identify K-ras gene mutations. A total of 112 patients were followed up (median duration 42 months) using clinical evaluation, serum CA19 - 9 levels, and imaging studies. Results: One or more K-ras mutations were found in 57 of the 146 patients with chronic pancreatitis (39 %). Patients harboring K-ras mutations had a higher incidence of persistent alcohol consumption (P = 0.041) and of prior rupture of the main pancreatic duct (P = 0.040). A finding of nuclear atypia in brushing cytology was also more common in patients with K-ras mutation (P = 0.048). Out of the 112 patients who were followed up, PAC occurred in four of the 44 patients who had a K-ras mutation, but in none of the 68 patients with the wild genotype (P = 0.022). PAC occurred in three of the 25 patients who did not have pancreatic calcifications (P = 0.034) and in four of the 54 patients who had demonstrated exocrine insufficiency, but in none of the 58 patients with preserved exocrine function (P = 0.051). Using stepwise logistic regression, the absence of calcifications, the presence of exocrine insufficiency, and the presence of K-ras mutation were identified as independent predictive factors for cancer development in all patients with chronic pancreatitis. Conclusions: K-ras gene mutations occur in chronic pancreatitis and are associated with evolution towards PAC. The absence of pancreatic calcifications and the presence of exocrine insufficiency were identified as additional predictive factors for the development of PAC.
Ectopic Ureteroceles in Infants with Prenatal Hydronephrosis
Authors: LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, SUSAN A. CONNOLLY, LAURA A. DRUBACH, DAVID ZURAKOWSKI, S. TED TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

This study assesses the contribution of renal cortical scintigraphy in the diagnostic evaluation of infants with ectopic ureteroceles.The records of 20 infants (age range, 3 weeks to 4 months) who were referred for renal cortical scintigraphy after an ectopic ureterocele associated with a duplex kidney was found during follow-up of prenatal hydronephrosis were reviewed retrospectively. All infants underwent voiding cystourethrography, ultrasonography, and Tc-99m DMSA scintigraphy.All upper moieties showed absent or depressed Tc-99m DMSA uptake. Upper moiety functional impairment was associated with structural abnormalities shown by ultrasonography. The degree of functional impairment was reflective of ultrasonographically defined cortical thickness relative to pelvic diameter, but this relation varied. Eight of 20 (40%) lower moieties had diffusely depressed relative Tc-99m DMSA uptake. Focal defects were also present in three of these eight (38%) lower moieties. Lower moiety functional impairment was associated with higher degrees of pelvic dilatation and with vesicoureteral reflux. Ultrasonography revealed diffuse parenchymal thinning in four of the eight (50%) lower moieties with depressed uptake. Ultrasonography did not define focal parenchymal loss in any lower moiety.The degree to which function is impaired in the upper moieties of duplex kidneys with ureters terminating in ectopic ureteroceles is not highly predictable by ultrasonography. Lower moiety functional impairment and cortical defects are frequently present in these kidneys and often occur without ultrasonographic evidence of parenchymal damage. Use of renal cortical scintigraphy in the diagnostic evaluation of infants with ectopic ureteroceles is supported.
British policy makes sex workers vulnerable
Authors: Sophie E Day, Helen Ward
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We welcome the timely call for decriminalisation of sex work in the editorial by Goodyear and Cusick ( BMJ 2007;334:52-3). The murders of sex workers in Ipswich have led to the repetition of stereotypes that only serve to dehumanise women in the sex industry and make them more vulnerable. We wish to highlight some further flaws in the evidence used by the government and others in justification of their demonising of sex workers. 

There is no evidence that 90% of UK sex workers are addicted to heroin or crack or that 45% were abused as children. These data, along with numerous alternative versions in the media, are attributed to the Home Office consultation exercise Paying the Price (2004), but we have heard nothing about the many responses that refuted these stereotypes in detail. Our research in London has followed sex workers from the mid-1980s to 2000, and our study is, to our knowledge, the only one to provide evidence …
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE EAR.
Authors: J. HOLINGER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The scope of this paper embraces the following parts: 1, the drum cavity; 2, the attic; 3, the aditus ad antrum; 4, the mastoid antrum; 5, the mastoid cells; 6, the eustachian tube. The function of the eustachian tube is, first, to ventilate the middle ear, and secondly, to drain the secretions from the middle ear into the nasopharynx. So far as the function is concerned, the tube seems to be the best known of all the parts of the middle ear, yet there is controversy whether the tube drains secretions, since in postmortems it is always found empty. Only two years ago Dr. Lindt in Bern inserted an instrument similar to a cystoscope into the nose of a patient, and with it he could see and demonstrate and photograph the secretions emanating from the orifice of the tube, either as a thin thread of mucus or as masses of
SEASONAL, REGIONAL, AND CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: FINDINGS FROM THE GET WITH THE GUIDELINES- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (GWTG-CAD) PROGRAM
Authors: Vijaiganesh Nagarajan, Gregg Fonarow, Chrsitine Ju, Michael Pencina, Warren Laskey, Thomas Maddox, Deepak Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)