tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolation and culture of microvascular endothelium from human adipose tissue.
Authors: P A Kern, A Knedler, R H Eckel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The study of human endothelial cells in tissue culture has been previously limited to umbilical vein, a large vessel source, and microvascular endothelium from human foreskin, spleen, and adrenal. Microvascular endothelium cultured from these sources have required matrix-coated culture flasks, tumor-conditioned medium, or 50% human serum for growth and subcultivation. To obtain cultures of microvascular endothelium with less stringent growth requirements, human adipose tissue was digested with collagenase and endothelial cells were separated from other stromal elements by sequential filtration and layering cells onto 5% albumin. Using standard medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, these cells grew readily to confluence and survived serial passages. When the cultures were subconfluent, cytoplasmic extensions and a capillary-like morphology were observed. Confluent cultures displayed the "cobblestone" appearance characteristic of other endothelial preparations. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of characteristic tight junctions and pinocytotic vesicles. Immunofluorescent staining for Factor VIII was positive, and cultures contained angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Thus, cultures of human microvascular endothelium were readily obtained from adipose tissue and required only standard medium with 10% serum for growth and subcultivation. This system can be used to study human endothelial cell biology and may prove useful in the study of pathologic states such as diabetic microvasculopathy and tumor angiogenesis.
Clinical Effects of Hypnotics
Authors: Hershel Jick
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A controlled trial comparing three hynotic drugs— chloral betaine, 750 mg; diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 50 mg; pentobarbital, 100 mg—and a placebo was introduced into a comprehensive drug surveillance program. The standard methods of data collection employed in the program were applied to the trial. These methods employ judgments made by the attending physicians on the efficacy and side effects of drugs. The greater efficacy of hypnotics was evident in the data. There was also some evidence of a higher frequency of side effects among patients who received hypnotic drugs. The efficacy of the placebo was greater among women than among men while the hypnotic drugs were equally effective among both sexes. It is concluded that physicians' judgments of efficacy and side effects are valid to the extent of permitting the demonstration of differences between hypnotic drugs and the placebo, under the conditions of a randomized, double-blind trial.
Experience With Pregnant Problem Drinkers
Authors: Rupinder K. Singh
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enjoyed reading the article entitled "Treatment Experience With Pregnant Problem Drinkers" by Rosett and colleagues (1983; 249:2029). The drinking history questionnaire used was appropriate and the treatment plan followed was seemingly adequate, but where was the control group? Also, there was no randomized selection of the treatment group, which leaves one wondering about the reliability and validity of the treatment plan and also adds an element of measurement bias. Also, what happened to the social problem drinkers—symptom problem drinkers? Were there any statistically significant results when other social characteristics were considered? A final suggestion—what about using the pregnancy outcome of the 49 heavy drinkers as an outcome variable in the clinical trial?
Mammographic Screening for Breast Cancer
Authors: Suzanne W. Fletcher, Joann G. Elmore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 44-year-old woman in good health, who has no family history of breast or ovarian cancer, asks about mammography. She had a normal screening mammogram 18 months ago but has recently read that mammograms may not be useful. What should her physician advise?
Recurrent Gall-stone Ileus
Authors: J. A. Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MEDBRMSH-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MrIA ORA common.Osteitis deformans is associated with a special form of heart failure due to high output (Edholm, Howarth, and McMichael, 1945).The results of lamin- ectomy depend on the duration of symptoms, and little improvement' will occur when-the paraplegia has been present for a long time.Out of the 44 cases in the litera- ture, laminectomy was done 25 times, with three (12%) deaths, and 18 cases have shown improvement after surgery.An important complication is the recurrence of the paraplegia after the initial relief.This has happened in at least three cases.Case 1 had chronic bronchitis and pulmonary heart disease, but she tolerated the operation well.Her recovery from the paraplegia was slow, but at the end of five and a half months she had only slight neurological deficiency.Case 2 was not operated upon when first seen, owing to his congestive cardiac failure and poor general condition.It was surprising to find him alive ten months later.Although his cardiovascular state has improved, he has been bed- ridden for eighteen months.It is extremely unlikely that any improvement in his paraplegia would occur if decom- pression was done at this date.The general risk is con- siderable and it has been decided that he should not be submitted to operative intervention.Sarcomatous change is a real contingency that cannot be obviated. SummaryTwo cases of paraplegia due to osteitis deformans of the spine are described.The literature is brought up to date.The differences between the two cases and the general pattern of the disorder are discussed.I am grateful to Dr.
Cross-Sectional Validation of Diabetes Risk Scores for Predicting Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, and Chronic Kidney Disease in Taiwanese
Authors: Jou-Wei Lin, Yi-Cheng Chang, Hung-Yuan Li, Yu-Fen Chien, Mei-Yu Wu, Ru-Yi Tsai, Yenh-Chen Hsieh, Yu-Jen Chen, Juey-Jen Hwang, Lee-Ming Chuang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

OBJECTIVE To validate the performance of current diabetes risk scores (DRSs) based on simple clinical information in detecting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The performance of 10 DRSs was evaluated in a cross-sectional population screening of 2,759 Taiwanese subjects. RESULTS All DRSs significantly correlated with measures of insulin resistance, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin excretion. The prevalence of screening-detected diabetes (SDM), MetSyn, and CKD increased with higher DRSs. For prediction of SDM, the Cambridge DRS by Griffin et al. and the Finnish DRS outperformed other DRSs in terms of discriminative power and model fit. For prediction of MetSyn and CKD, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Community Study score by Schmidt et al. outperformed other DRSs. CONCLUSIONS Risk scores based on simple clinical information are useful to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes, MetSyn, and CKD in different ethnic populations.
PANNUS AND ITS TREATMENT BY THE DIGESTIVE FERMENTS.Read in the Section of Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: JAS. A. LYDSTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The etiology and course of pannus are so fully appreciated that it will not be necessary to consume valuable time by entering into a lengthy description of the disease; suffice it to say for the purposes of my paper that inasmuch as pannus is one of the most frequent sequelae of trachoma I shall limit my remarks to the so-called granular pannus; that is, that form in which the formation of granular masses in the corneal layers has caused infiltration and vascularity of the corneal surface. In this type, the morbid changes first begin to assert themselves in the upper margin of the cornea at the limbus conjunctivæ and we note further that its tendency to clear is in direct proportion to the degree and duration of the inflammatory process; in other words, the further the process departs from the character of a simple infiltration throughout the more ominous will
Randomised controlled trials and health services research
Authors: S. Shepperd, C. Jenkinson, P. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Evaluation of palliative careRecruitment figures may be low EDrroR,-In response to the paper by Ian R McWhinney and colleagues' we wish to report our experience of recruitment into trials in the palliative care setting.The trials were not of a palliative care service but of palliative therapeutic interventions in a specialist cancer hospital.These included randomised studies of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in the manage- ment of bowel obstruction, hypercalcaemia, nausea induced by opiates, anorexia, pain, and dyspnoea as well as non-randomised studies in patients in pain.In the 12 months to October 1994, 344 patients were referred to one of two research sisters in palliative care as being suitable for entry to one of the above studies.Both inpatients and outpatients were referred by medical and nursing staff throughout the hospital.Of the 344 patients, 109 were not approached as they did not fulfil the criteria for inclusion in the studies.Thus after full discussion regarding the implications of entering the trial 235 patients were asked if they would agree to participate in one of the studies.Only 142 patients gave informed consent.The remainder were not entered into the studies because they were too unwell or their condition had deteriorated (27), they were eligible but declined to consent (38), they lived too far away from the hospital ( 16), or for unknown reasons (12).Thus 41% of the patients initially referred and 60% of the patients who were approached were entered into studies.These figures are low but are likely to be higher than those achieved in other palliative care settings since the patients were recruited in a specialist cancer hospital with a high research profile, where the role of the research sister is well established.We agree with Henry McQuay and Andrew Moore that palliative care should not be excused from conducting randomised controlled trials simply because they are difficult to do,2 but our recruitment data show several of the inherent difficulties.
Sponsorship, Authorship, and Accountability
Authors: Davidoff F, DeAngelis Cd, Drazen Jm, Nicholls Mg, Hoey J, Højgaard L, Horton R, Kotzin S, Nylenna M, Overbeke Aj, Sox Hc, Van Der Weyden Mb, Wilkes Ms
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)
Women's groups protest against antiabortion rules in US healthcare bill
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than 120 000 US women responded to an online call to “send a coat hanger to your Congressman” by doing just that, in a protest against a proposed amendment of the health reform bill that would restrict abortion services.

The campaign, organised by Credo, a for-profit company that raises money for non-profit progressive organisations from its telephone services, is aimed at an amendment to the bill that would prohibit payment for abortions under most of the new health insurance programmes for America’s uninsured population.

Wire coat hangers were often used to induce abortion when the practice was illegal in the United States before 1973. The women sent their symbolic coat hangers to the 20 Democratic Congressional representatives—all …
THE USE OF PRECIPITIN ANALYSIS IN AGAR FOR THE STUDY OF HUMAN STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Seymour P. Halbert
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

As evidenced by precipitin analysis with pooled human gamma globulin, at least 12 distinct antigens were produced in cultures by one strain of Group A streptococcus (C203S). It was suggested on this basis, that these antigens were produced in vivo during human infections. By the combined use of continuous flow electrophoresis on paper curtains, and column chromatography with calcium phosphate gels, five of these have been isolated in a probable high state of purity. One of the components was obtained from culture filtrates of a Group C streptococcal strain. Three of the purified antigens have been tentatively identified as streptolysin "O", diphosphopyridinenucleotidase, and proteinase precursor. The latter could be very readily crystallized, and appears "identical" with that described by Elliott. The DPNase was of extremely high potency, 1 mg. being capable of destroying 12.6 gm. of DPN in 7(1/2) minutes at 37 degrees C. The identity of the other two components is uncertain as yet. They are distinct from each other and the above products immunologically, and are not related to the "C" carbohydrate. The applicability of these methods for the analysis of infectious diseases generally was discussed.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN SEQUENCE IN THE RESPONSE OF THE RABBIT TO A SOMATIC ANTIGEN
Authors: W. A. Altemeier, J. B. Robbins, R. T. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Employing a sensitive and immunoglobulin-specific assay method based upon antiglobulin augmentation, quantitative and qualitative aspects of the primary and secondary response of the rabbit to Salmonella typhimurium O antigens have been evaluated. These studies examine the validity of the method of assay for detecting and measuring gammaG- and gammaM-antibodies produced in response to whole organisms or its lipopolysaccharide. The results show that during the primary response gammaG-antibodies, not detectable by usual techniques, are produced in a pattern similar to that reported in animals stimulated by other classes of antigens. Moreover, the gammaG response following reinjection is characteristic of a secondary-type response. In contrast, gammaM-antibody levels after both primary and secondary stimulation rose equally to levels between 1 and 4 mg/ml. Despite increased sensitivity of detection and quantitative estimates of the actual molar concentration of each immunoglobulin, the minimal interval between gammaM and gammaG appearance in serum was not less than 1.5 days. The variable degree of augmentation of agglutination by antiglobulin reagent found during the immune response severely limits the quantitative usefulness of the methods developed. However, the data suggest that qualitative changes in anti-O antibodies interpretable as changes in avidity occur regularly during the immune response.
P04.12 * URINARY GELATINASE ACTIVITIES (MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES 2 AND 9) IN HUMAN MENINGIOMA AND GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: A. Di Carlo, M. Del Basso De Caro, C. Peca, F. Sgulo, F. Maiuri
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Currently, there are no generally accepted screening protocols for the discovery of asymptomatic brain tumors, particularly primary brain tumors. Therefore it would be desirable to develop novel, noninvasive biomarkers for the detection of brain tumors. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix and dysregulation of angiogenesis are process essential to the development and maintenance of many tumors. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a multigene family of degradative enzymes, have been implicated in the establishment and maintenance of the vasculature required for tumor progression and metastasis as well as in the initial angiogenic phase of tumor growth in experimental models and human tumors. In the central nervous system MMPs have been associated with brain tumor development. Studies of primary brain tumors reveal that MMP-2 and MMP-9, and several other MMPs are overexpressed in both experimental models and tissue samples from human patients. Furthemore, urinary levels of MMP-2 (gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (gelatinase B) and their complex are elevated in patients with a variety of cancers, both organ confined and metastatic, both within and outside the urogenital tract. Given that (1) MMPs are present in brain tumors and (2) that urinary MMPs have shown utility as noninvasive biomarkers for non central nervous system cancer, we initiated this study to determine whether urinary MMPs might have potential as noninvasive biomarkers to detect the presence of brain tumors. In the present preliminary study, we determined the gelatinolytic activities in urine from patients with brain tumor (15 meningioma and 10 glioblastoma) and from and 20 healthy volunteers with no concomitant illnesses using gelatin zymography. The diagnosis of tumor was made using usual clinical and imaging criteria and confirmed by histopathological findings. First morning urine were collected from patients before surgical intervention. To investigate the gelatinolytic activity present in the concentrate urine, substrate gel zymography was performed. This method simultaneously identifies the entire panel of enzymes that are capable of degrading the specific substrate, and the activity is detected by a clear zone in the gel where the substrate (gelatin) has been digest by the enzyme. Gelatin zymography identified that MMPs were present in the urine of many patients with meningioma and glioblastoma, whereas only traces of MMP could be detected in the urine of healthy subjects with no evidence of disease. Five dominant proteinases were detected migrating at approximately 240, 220, 130 and 92 kDa (MMP-9) and 72 kDa (MMP-2). These preliminary results indicate that MMPs correlate with presence of disease. Other experiments are ongoing to verify whether these biomarkers decrease with treatment and can be tracked from source tissue to urine.
A patient with protein-losing colon cancer with massive ascites who was successfully treated by surgical resection of the tumor
Authors: Y. Nomura, M. Abe, K. Miyawaki, D. Kenemitsu, K. Tomikashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The amount of protein leakage from colon cancers is thought to be less than occurs with other colon diseases [1], and cases of protein-losing colon cancer have rarely been reported. We encountered a case of protein-losing colon cancer associated with severe diarrhea and hypoproteinemia in an 85-year-old woman. Computed tomography showed a large tumor in the ascending colon and massive ascites (Figure [1]). Total colonoscopy revealed a giant nodular tumor with a surface that was whitish-yellow in color in the ascending colon (Figure [2]). The patient was apparently not considered suitable for surgery because of carcinomatosa, but abdominal paracentesis was not suggestive of malignancy. We suspected that the hypoproteinemia was caused by protein leakage from the colonic lesion. The fecal alpha1-antitrypsin clearance was measured and found to be remarkably high at 232 ml/day (normal ramge < 20 ml/day). Human serum albumin scintigraphy revealed marked albumin leakage from the lesion (Figure [3]).
Characterization of the human lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptor by photoaffinity labeling. Alterations with desensitization.
Authors: R D Feldman, C Y Lai
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Desensitization of the leukocyte beta-receptor system has been associated with a functional uncoupling of the components of the beta-receptor complex. In order to determine whether desensitization and uncoupling of the leukocyte beta-receptor is associated with any structural alterations in the beta-receptor, we studied labeling of lymphocytes using the photoactive beta-adrenergic antagonist p-azido-m-[125I]iodobenzylcarazolol. Labeled peptides were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and detected using autoradiographic techniques. In broken cell preparations, specific labeling was demonstrated in two major peptide bands: mol wt approximately equal to 68,000 and mol wt approximately equal to 55,000. Inhibition of photolabeling was stereospecific and demonstrated an order of potency for agonists consistent with labeling of a beta 2-receptor. Preincubation of cells with the beta-agonist, isoproterenol, resulted in a reduction in beta-adrenergic-mediated adenylate cyclase activity to 60% of control, but no change in total binding sites as determined by [125I]iodocyanopindolol binding. In photolabeling studies, desensitization was associated with a reduction in proportional labeling of the 55,000 mol wt band as compared to the 68,000 mol wt band to 58 +/- 3% of control and a reduction in mobility of the upper band. These studies suggest that structural alterations in the human lymphocyte beta-receptors occur with desensitization, analogous to changes in several other beta-receptor model systems. Also, since the techniques described can identify alterations in human beta-receptor structure, these methods may be exploited to determine whether structural alterations in lymphocyte beta-receptors may occur in human disease states.
Debate on mental illness and violence was oversimplified
Authors: T. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The central message of Walsh and Fahy's editorial—that the contribution to societal violence of mentally disordered persons is too small to justify the apparent preoccupation of politicians and the print and broadcast media—is correct, although it is becoming hackneyed after endless repetition.1 Despite this, an established association exists between mental disorder and violence that cannot be explained by cofactors.2 Even if there were no statistical association psychiatry would still have a role when they do …
Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Christelle M Durand, Catalina Betancur, Tobias M Boeckers, Juergen Bockmann, Pauline Chaste, Fabien Fauchereau, Gudrun Nygren, Maria Rastam, I Carina Gillberg, Henrik Anckarsäter, Eili Sponheim, Hany Goubran-Botros, Richard Delorme, Nadia Chabane, Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni, Philippe de Mas, Eric Bieth, Bernadette Rogé, Delphine Héron, Lydie Burglen, Christopher Gillberg, Marion Leboyer, Thomas Bourgeron
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
COMMON ERRORS IN THIOCYANATE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION
Authors: Maurice H. Wald
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the article of Drs. William O. Russell and William C. Stahl (The Journal, August 8, p. 1177) reporting a case of fatal poisoning from potassium thiocyanate treatment of hypertension they write repeatedly of an "accepted therapeutic dose," "the usually prescribed amount of the drug," "the standard and accepted therapeutic dose," "the usually prescribed dose," "the usually prescribed amount," "the dose of thiocyanate usually prescribed and regarded as safe." The main thesis which Barker developed and has reiterated in all his publications on this subject is that there is no usual, standard or accepted therapeutic dose. Each case is an individual dosage problem depending largely on the age of the patient, the degree of vascular sclerosis, efficiency of renal function, the increment of blood thiocyanate concentration over a short period of time and the presence or absence of congestive heart failure. In examining the protocol of this
Bimoclomol: A nontoxic, hydroxylamine derivative with stress protein-inducing activity and cytoprotective effects
Authors: László Vígh, Péter N. Literáti, Ibolya Horváth, Zsolt Török, Gábor Balogh, Attila Glatz, Eszter Kovács, Imre Boros, Péter Ferdinándy, Beatrix Parkas, László Jaszlits, Andrea Jednákovits, László Korányi, Bruno Maresca
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
The Energy Requirement in Strenuous Muscular Exercise
Authors: H. T. EDWARDS, A. THORNDIKE, D. B. DILL
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1935)

Editor's Note

Over 50 years ago Edwards, Thorndike, and Dill challenged us to account for and provide 50% of exercise-related energy utilization that they measured so well after Saturday afternoon exertions of Harvard football players. Poehlman and Horton continue to address that challenge in the lead article in this issue.
CARDIAC TROPONIN I, CK–MB AND BNP LEVELS INCREASE ACUTELY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE SUTURE CLOSURE WITH THE LARIAT DEVICE
Authors: Antonious Attallah, Prasanth Lingam, Joseph Chattahi, Janet Wyman, Adam Greenbaum, William O'Neill, Mayra Guerrero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)