tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Current Drugs Against Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections
Authors: Jennifer Keiser, Jürg Utzinger
Journal: JAMA (2008)

More than a quarter of the human population is likely infected with soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura) in highly endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy is the mainstay of control, but only 4 drugs are available: albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel pamoate.To assess the efficacy of single-dose oral albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel pamoate against A lumbricoides, hookworm, and T trichiura infections.A systematic search of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ScienceDirect, the World Health Organization library database, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1960 to August 2007).From 168 studies, 20 randomized controlled trials were included.Information on study year and country, sample size, age of study population, mean infection intensity before treatment, diagnostic method used, time between evaluations before and after treatment, cure rate (the percentage of individuals who became helminth egg negative following treatment with an anthelminthic drug), egg reduction rate, adverse events, and trial quality was extracted. Relative risk, including a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to measure the effect of the drugs on the risk of infection prevalence with a random-effects model.Single-dose oral albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate for infection with A lumbricoides resulted in cure rates of 88% (95% CI, 79%-93%; 557 patients), 95% (95% CI, 91%-97%; 309 patients), and 88% (95% CI, 79%-93%; 131 patients), respectively. Cure rates for infection with T trichiura following treatment with single-dose oral albendazole and mebendazole were 28% (95% CI, 13%-39%; 735 patients) and 36% (95% CI, 16%-51%; 685 patients), respectively. The efficacy of single-dose oral albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate against hookworm infections was 72% (95% CI, 59%-81%; 742 patients), 15% (95% CI, 1%-27%; 853 patients), and 31% (95% CI, 19%-42%; 152 patients), respectively. No pooled relative risks could be calculated for pyrantel pamoate against T trichiura and levamisole for any of the parasites investigated.Single-dose oral albendazole, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate show high cure rates against A lumbricoides. For hookworm infection, albendazole was more efficacious than mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate. Treatment of T trichiura with single oral doses of current anthelminthics is unsatisfactory. New anthelminthics are urgently needed.
The physician and adoption
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular Changes After Weight Reduction in Obesity Hypertension
Authors: EFRAIN REISIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Intravascular volumes and systemic and regional hemodynamic variables were measured before and after weight reduction in 12 patients with obesity and essential hypertension. These findings were compared with those in nine patients who did not have any weight loss. Reduction of mean arterial pressure significantly correlated with the fall in total body weight (r= 0.46, p < 0.05). Total circulating and cardiopulmonary blood volumes were significantly reduced (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), and these changes permitted a decreased venous return and cardiac output (p < 0.01). This fall in cardiac output was directly related to a contracted total blood volume (r=0.49,p < 0.05) and decreased cardiopulmonary blood volume (r= 0.52, p < 0.05). Patients who did not lose weight showed no changes in any of these hemodynamic measurements. In addition, weight loss was associated with reduced resting circulating levels of plasma norepinephrine (p < 0.01), suggesting that diminished adrenergic function may also be related to weight reduction and its associated fall in arterial pressure.
Abstract 396: Osteopontin-c splicing isoform contributes to ovarian cancer progression.
Authors: Tatiana M. Tilli, Kivvi D. Mello, Vanessa Franco, Bruno Robbs, João Luiz Wanderley, Fabricio R A Silva, João P B Viola, Georg Weber, Vincent Castronovo, Akeila Bellahcène, Etel R P Gimba
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the most aggressive gynecological diseases and generally diagnosed at advanced stages. Osteopontin (OPN) is overexpressed in OC and is involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Alternative splicing of OPN generates 3 isoforms, OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc. Objective: This study aims to characterize the expression profile and functional role of OPN splicing isoforms (OPN-SI) in OC. Methodology: The expression patterns of OPN-SI and a series of genes involved in cancer pathways were analyzed by real-time PCR. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed using the ovarian cancer cell line OvCar-3, stably overexpressing the three OPN-SI. Results: OPNc, but not OPNa and OPNb, was specifically expressed on OC samples. We then demonstrated that OPNc isoform has stimulatory effects on OvCar-3 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and anchorage independent cells growth, besides activating tumor formation in nude mice. We also found that these features are mainly mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, OvCar-3 OPNc-overexpressing cells are able to modulate the expression of 34 genes involved in key cancer pathways. Notably, tumors formed by OPNc-overexpressing cells present high expression levels of typical angiogenic markers, such as VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 and CD34. Based on this observation, we also investigated the molecular mechanisms by which OPNc stimulates angiogenic processes. Our data showed that OPNc overexpression activates VEGF-A expression and secretion, also through the PI3K/Akt pathway. This splicing isoform is also able to activate the expression of c-Fos, c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun. OPNc role on activating the phosphorylation of c-Jun is mediated by integrin receptor, in an RGD-dependent manner. In addition, OPNc-conditioned medium is able to induce HUVEC endothelial cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. Conclusion: Thus, the specific targeting of OPNc and its regulated signaling network could be a putative novel strategy to inhibit key steps involved in OC progression and may represent a putative strategy for developing new therapeutic approaches using OPNc as interesting target for OC treatment strategies. Citation Format: Tatiana M. Tilli, Kivvi D. Mello, Vanessa Franco, Bruno Robbs, João Luiz Wanderley, Fabricio R A Silva, João P B Viola, Georg Weber, Vincent Castronovo, Akeila Bellahcène, Etel R P Gimba. Osteopontin-c splicing isoform contributes to ovarian cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 396. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-396
Thyroid Scintigraphy for the Detection of Radiation-induced Thyroid Cancer
Authors: J B C M PUYLAERT, E K J PAUWELS, B M GOSLINGS, W A J VAN DAAL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate was performed in 249 patients who received radiation therapy for abnormalities in the head or neck in order to determine the role of this examination in the detection of abnormal nodules arising from cancer. These patients received a mean total dose of about 10.1 Gy. The mean follow-up period was 39 years. All patients underwent physical examination without prior knowledge of the scintigram. Scintigrams were evaluated without prior knowledge of the physical examination. In 158 cases, both the physical examination and scintigraphy were negative. In 64 cases, both examinations were positive. In ten patients, the physical examination was positive and scintigraphy was negative and vice versa in 17 patients. Of 249 patients, 28 ultimately underwent thyroid surgery; a total of four had carcinoma. A costbenefit relationship as to routine scintigraphy as a screening procedure is presented. If patients are first screened by palpation, a number of abnormal nodules will be missed. In addition, a considerable number with positive palpation would probably undergo surgery unnecessarily. From a clinical and financial point of view, it is believed that scintigraphy is the examination of choice for screening for radiation-induced thyroid malignancies.
Economic Consequences of Epidemiological Changes in Diabetes in Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Armando Arredondo, Alexis Zúñiga
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To identify the costs and economic consequences of expected changes in the demand for health care services for type 2 diabetes in the three main public institutions of the Mexican health care system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The cost evaluation method to estimate direct and indirect costs was based on instrumentation and consensus techniques. To estimate the costs and epidemiological changes for 2003–2005, three probabilistic models were constructed according to the Box-Jenkins technique. RESULTS—Comparing the economic impact in 2003 versus 2005 (P &amp;lt; 0.05), there is a 26% increase in financial requirements. The total amount for diabetes in 2005 (in U.S. dollars) will be $317,631,206, including $140,410,816 in direct costs and $177,220,390 in indirect costs. The total direct costs, representing financial requirements to provide health care for expected cases of type 2 diabetes and its main complications in the three main public institutions in Mexico, up to 2005, will be $37,079,587 for the Ministry of Health (or Secretaría de Salud [SSA], serving the uninsured population) and $103,331,235 for the Mexican Social Security Institute, or Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), and the Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers, or Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE), both of which serve the insured population. CONCLUSIONS—Our data suggest that changes in the demand for health care services for patients with diabetes will continue with an increasing trend, mainly in the insured population. In economic terms, the results of direct and indirect costs are one of the main challenges to be solved to decrease the economic burden that diabetes represents for the population, the health care institutions, and for society as a whole.
Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity
Authors: Anthony P. Monaco, Mortimer Buckley, John W. Raker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

EXCLUDING carcinoma of the lower lip, carcinomas of the anterior two thirds of the tongue constitute the largest single group of malignant tumors of the oral cavity.1 , 2 Although various methods of treatment have been employed in previous series, there has been general agreement on an approximate overall five-year survival rate of 25 per cent.3 4 5 This figure is derived from the analysis of large groups of patients treated before the major advances in surgery (anesthesia, antibiotics and blood replacement) and radiation therapy6 and before extensive cancer education and widespread availability of medical and dental care.7 It is the purpose of this . . .
The metatarsal finds stardom at last
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Metatarsal bone injuries will never be quite the same again. The fracture of the second metatarsal in the left foot of the England football team's captain, David Beckham, has dragged the three inch long bone from relative obscurity—between the tarsal and the phalanges—into tabloid headlines.

Beckham's break, a type of trauma more common among people dropping objects onto their foot than among soccer players, has focused attention not just on the metatarsal, but on the treatments available for a fracture, how long it will take to repair, …
A Comparison of Rectal Diazepam Gel and Placebo for Acute Repetitive Seizures
Authors: Fritz E. Dreifuss, N. Paul Rosman, James C. Cloyd, John M. Pellock, Ruben I. Kuzniecky, Warren D. Lo, Fumisuke Matsuo, Gregory B. Sharp, Joan A. Conry, Donna C. Bergen, Walter E. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Acute repetitive seizures are readily recognizable episodes involving increased seizure frequency. Urgent treatment is often required. Rectal diazepam gel is a promising therapy.
Eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in nasal lavages in allergen‐induced hyperresponsiveness: effects of topical glucocorticosteroid treatment
Authors: M. Andersson, P. Andersson, P. Venge, U. Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Airway challenges with allergen are frequently followed by an increase in responsiveness to both specific and unspecific stimuli. This phenomenon in the lower airways has been linked to the presence of a late phase response to allergen challenge. One of the hallmarks of the late phase response is a tissue infiltration of granulocytes, specifically the eosinophils. A hypothesis for the increase in responsiveness has been that local activation of these eosinophils with subsequent release of the toxic granular constituents leads to a decrease in the barrier function of the airway epithelium. The aim of the present study was to further explore this hypothesis. Ten patients with previously demonstrated nasal allergen‐induced hyperresponsiveness participated in a double‐blind cross‐over study involving pretreatment for various periods with topical glucocorticosteroids. The patients were challenged intranasally with allergen on one day, rechallenge 24 h later and the increase in responsiveness noted. In a nasal lavage performed immediately prior to challenge the number of eosinophilic granulocutes and the level of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) was determined. As expected, the placebo‐treated patients demonstrated an increase in nasal responsiveness at rechallenge accompanied by a tendency for an increase in eosinophils as well as ECP in the lavage preceding the rechallenge compared with the initial allergen challenge 24 h previously. The amount of ECP found in the lavage on the second day correlated with the TAME‐esterase activity, a marker of ongoing inflammatory activity (r = 0.64; P &lt;0.05) in the same lavage, suggesting participation of the eosinophilic granulocyte in the inflammatory response to allergen. However, there were no correlations between number of eosinophils or ECP content in the nasal lavages on the first or second day and the degree of the increased responsiveness obtained on the second day. Further, topical treatment with glucocorticosteroids, which totally abolished the increased responsiveness, did not appear to significantly change the levels of ECP in the nasal lavage prior to the initial or re‐challenge. It is therefore suggested that the increase in responsiveness seen after an airway allergen challenge is not only a result of eosinophil activation but is a more complex phenomenon.
Isotope-tagged platelets used to locate thrombi
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Visualization of platelet aggregates in aneurysms and atherosclerotic arteries is now possible using autologous platelets labeled with the radioactive isotope indium 111. These thrombi can throw off emboli that cause severe vascular damage in the lungs, brain, or limbs and that are "one of the primary causes of acute morbidity and death in the Western world," according to Michael D. Ezekowitz, MD, cardiologist at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City. At the recent Joint Conference on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation in New Orleans, three research groups, including that of Ezekowitz, discussed their findings with the radioisotope method. They agreed that it is accurate in some circumstances but needs further refinement before it becomes clinically useful on a routine basis. The same applies to another, similar use of the<sup>111</sup>In labeling technique—that of labeling autologous WBCs that are then reinfused into the patient and serve to
Surveillance of Antibiotic Use
Authors: Edward W. Saitz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  In a recent issue ofThe Journal(1979;242:2585), Latorraca and Martins described an ongoing system that provides total concurrent review of antibiotic use and hospital infections. The questions that the system addresses seem well defined, and the data collection forms are simply constructed to provide essential information. This appears to be a system that easily could be used by other community hospitals.  Although the article mentions an improvement in medical care and a decrease of costs for antimicrobials since the institution of the system, the data presented by the article do not clearly support a decrease in use of antimicrobials. Table 2 in their article shows a decrease in overall use from January (40.5%) to December (29.5%), but the major decrease was between January (40.5%) and February (31.2%). By looking at their Table 3, which shows the percentage of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, it is apparent that
A Case of Calcinosis Circumscripta
Authors: D. L. Woolf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1947)

Calcinosis, or chalk gout as it is commonly named owing to the tophus-like swellings it presents, is a slowly progressing condition of unknown aetiology and pathogenesis.Two types are described, circumscripta and universalis.The female sex is the more commonly affected.The circumscripta variety usually occurs in those in middle or late life. DiscussionAtkinson and Parkes Weber (1938) from whose paper most of the references given below are quoted, state, in a complete survey of the condition, that the first case of calcinosis was described in 1878 by H. Weber, and that Leissier in 1877 recorded the case of a woman aged 21 years who had 'had since childhood hard nodules in the skin and subcutaneous tissues: there was a discharge of chalky particles, and he believed his case to be one of gout associated with scleroderma.In 1844 Virchow described metastatic calcification in nephritis.In 1899 Derville published a case, and in the same year Durett suggested a familial incidence, but this was not proved.In 1900 Profichet wrote a thesis on calcinosis, with a resume of all cases published up to date.It was afterwards called by foreign writers the syndrome of Profichet.Riche reported a sulphuric-acid worker who formed nodules of calcium carbonate and phosphate.In 1902 Hutchinson reported a case of a woman aged 58 years who probably suffered from scleroderma; the fingers felt wooden, and calcareous plaques were found in the deep layers of the skin of the forearms.This seemed to be a case of scleroderma with calcinosis, and was the first published in England.Lehrenbecker in 1927 described a patient who had formerly undergone bilateral sympathectomy for Raynaud's disease and in whom calcification later supervened.The author wondered whether the operation had been the exciting cause of the calcinosis.Steinitz (1930) reported a case in a woman aged 82, the oldest patient on record.Brauer believed ovarian function was diminished and that this fact had something to do with calcinosis.He also believed that circulatory disturbances might have favoured a chalky deposition.Wilson (1935) thought the deposits of calcium phosphate found in the fingers of one of his cases might have been due to an endogenous hypervitaminosis D connected with an unusually high blood cholesterol, superimposed on old Raynaud's disease which had remitted.The same authors state that sclerodactylia and scleroderma are frequently associated, the joints remaining free.They state that calcinosis universalis may be fatal.Comroe (1944) states that the circumscripta variety is usually restricted in 208 copyright.
Hodgkin's disease with a granulomatous pulmonary presentation mimicking sarcoidosis.
Authors: P A Daly, D S O'Briain, I Robinson, M Guckian, J S Prichard
Journal: Thorax (1988)

A prominent sarcoid like pulmonary granulomatous reaction to Hodgkin9s disease was diagnosed six months before extrapulmonary Hodgkin9s disease was confirmed histologically. It recurred with exacerbations of the lymphoma. The reaction is similar to that often seen at pathological staging of intra-abdominal organs not affected by Hodgkin9s disease.
Only a Phone Call Away: Educating Health Care Professionals About HIV/ AIDS
Authors: Ciro V. Sumaya
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
La coloscopie dans un CHU tunisien: applicabilité des critères de l'EPAGEI
Authors: L Safer, A Dabbabi, H Ben Youssef, N Ben Chaabane, O Hellara, W Melki, F Bdioui, H Saffar
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Objectif: Evaluer l'application en pratique clinique des critères de pertinence établis par un panel européen EPAGE (European Panel on the Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy), Evaluer -sur la base de ces critères- la pertinence des indications de la coloscopie et rechercher une éventuelle corrélation entre la pertinence de l'examen et le résultat endoscopique et/ou histologique de celui-ci.