tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of CCK Cholescintigraphy to Differentiate Choledochal Cyst from Gallbladder
Authors: STEPHEN A. GROSSMAN, BHUPENDRA A. PATEL, MICHAEL J. BLEND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 17-year-old girl presented with right upper quadrant pain and was found to have a subhepatic cyst by ultrasound and CT. A DISIDA scan showed prompt filling of both the gallbladder and a very dilated common bile duct consistent with a choledochal cyst. Following intravenous administration of cholecystokinin, there was immediate emptying of the gallbladder into the cyst. Quantitative cholecystokinin cholescintigraphy may be a useful adjunct in the differentiation of choledochal cyst from gallbladder activity.
Risk Factors for Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Malignancy
Authors: Brad H. Pollock
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextAlthough cancers occur with increased frequency in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the specific clinical, immunological, and viral risk factors for malignancy have not been identified.ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for malignancy among HIV-infected children.Design, Setting, and PatientsA multicenter case-control study of children with HIV at 26 institutions participating in the Pediatric Oncology Group. Forty-three case patients with a new malignancy and 74 control patients without a malignancy were matched based on the duration of their infection. Patients were enrolled between January 1992 and July 1998.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical and laboratory factors assessed as putative risk factors included demographic characteristics, HIV characteristics, prior antiretroviral treatment, and CD4 cell count. Coviral infections with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6 were assessed by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and serological testing.ResultsCase malignancy diagnoses included 28 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 4 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 1 Hodgkin disease, 8 leiomyosarcoma, 1 hepatoblastoma, and 1 schwannoma. Epstein-Barr virus viral load of more than 50 viral genome copies per 105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells was strongly associated with cancer risk but only for children with CD4 cell counts of at least 200/µL (odds ratio [OR], 11.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.09-65.66, P<.001). High EBV viral load was not associated with cancer for children with CD4 cell counts of less than 200/µL (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.13-9.62; P = .99). Zidovudine antiretroviral therapy did not confer a significant protective effect for either the high (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.22-3.09; P = .77) or the low CD4 cell count groups (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.04-1.46; P = .16). The route of HIV infection was not associated with increased cancer risk.ConclusionsRoute of infection, demographic characteristics, and zidovudine use were not associated with the development of malignancy in HIV-infected children. High viral burden with EBV was associated with the development of malignancy in HIV-infected children although the effect was modified by CD4 cell count. The pathogenesis of HIV-related pediatric malignancies remains unclear and other contributing risk factors can be elucidated only through further study.
Muscle-Strengthening Activity and Its Association With Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Yiling J. Cheng, Edward W. Gregg, Nathalie De Rekeneire, Desmond E. Williams, Giuseppina Imperatore, Carl J. Caspersen, Henry S. Kahn
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Muscle-strengthening activities (MSAs) may increase insulin sensitivity, thereby reducing the risk of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between MSAs and insulin sensitivity among American adults.We analyzed data on 4,504 adults without diabetes, aged 20-79 years, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 and had information on MSAs. Self-reported frequency (times/week) of MSAs was grouped as low (<1), moderate (1-2.9), or high (>or=3). Insulin sensitivity was measured by the fasting quantitative insulin sensitivity check index x 100 (QUICKI).After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, physical activity other than MSAs, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and daily total caloric intake, the mean values for QUICKI by low, moderate, and high MSA were 33.6, 33.9, and 34.2, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.008) for men and 34.2, 34.6, 34.6, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.009) for women. Mean fasting insulin (picomols per liter) concentrations were 75.0, 68.9, and 65.9, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.017) for men and 66.9, 63.3, 61.2, respectively (P for linear trend = 0.007) for women. There were no significant differences across MSA groups for fasting glucose among men or women.MSA is independently associated with higher insulin sensitivity among U.S. adults. Efforts to increase MSA may be a realistic, feasible, and effective method of reducing insulin resistance among the U.S. population.
Pure red cell aplasla combined with pregnancy
Authors: Yoshikazu Itoh, Shin Aizawa, Yosnio Nehashi, Akemi Tsuda, Hirotaka Iwabuchi, Kazuyo Kurosawa, Yoshikazu Kawanishi, Masaru Nakano, Hidenori Makino, Keiji Yoshida, Keisuke Toyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)
Hypothermic coronary venous phased retroperfusion: a closed-chest treatment of acute regional myocardial ischemia.
Authors: S Meerbaum, R V Haendchen, E Corday, M Povzhitkov, M C Fishbein, J Y-Rit, T W Lang, T Uchiyama, N Aosaki, J Broffman
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Hypothermic synchronized retroperfusion (HSRP) was applied in closed-chest dogs after acute coronary occlusion to determine whether this intervention can significantly retard the otherwise rapidly developing irreversible ischemic injury. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 3 hours in 22 dogs and for 6 hours in 16 dogs. Starting 30 minutes after occlusion, HSRP was applied during maintained coronary occlusion in 21 dogs. The remaining dogs served as untreated controls. Arterial blood was cooled to 20 degrees C and retroperfused in diastole into the regional coronary veins. Hemodynamics, contrast cineangiography and two-dimensional echocardiography were measured sequentially. Glycogen-depleted ischemic areas and necrotic zones were delineated in transverse slices of the left ventricle. Untreated controls dogs further deteriorated; in contrast, HSRP between 30 minutes and 3- and 6-hour LAD occlusion significantly reduced the rate-pressure product (21.3 +/- 4.0% or 26.8 +/- 8.2%) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (39.5 +/- 9.5% or 51.4 +/- 7.7%) and increased ejection fraction (28 +/- 17% and 33 +/- 2.0%). HSRP caused no arrhythmias and led to much less necrosis of ischemic myocardium in the treated 3- or 6-hour occlusion series (7.4 +/- 2.7% or 28.9 +/- 12.6%) than in respective untreated controls (47.1 +/- 8.9% and 72.3 +/- 5.9%). Moderately hypothermic closed-chest phased retroperfusion appears to protect reversibly injured ischemic myocardium and improve cardiac function. Such treatment may be particularly suitable in the earliest stages of evolving myocardial infarction, when maintenance of myocardial viability is essential for preservation of jeopardized myocardium while awaiting coronary bypass revascularization or nonsurgical thrombolytic reperfusion.
Twenty-Two–Year Trends in Incidence of Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Heart Disease Mortality, and Case Fatality in 4 US Communities, 1987–2008
Authors: Wayne D. Rosamond, Lloyd E. Chambless, Gerardo Heiss, Thomas H. Mosley, Josef Coresh, Eric Whitsel, Lynne Wagenknecht, Hanyu Ni, Aaron R. Folsom
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Knowledge of trends in the incidence of and survival after myocardial infarction (MI) in a community setting is important to understanding trends in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates. We estimated race- and gender-specific trends in the incidence of hospitalized MI, case fatality, and CHD mortality from community-wide surveillance and validation of hospital discharges and of in- and out-of-hospital deaths among 35- to 74-year-old residents of 4 communities in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Biomarker adjustment accounted for change from reliance on cardiac enzymes to widespread use of troponin measurements over time. During 1987-2008, a total of 30 985 fatal or nonfatal hospitalized acute MI events occurred. Rates of CHD death among persons without a history of MI fell an average 4.7%/y among men and 4.3%/y among women. Rates of both in- and out-of-hospital CHD death declined significantly throughout the period. Age- and biomarker-adjusted average annual rate of incident MI decreased 4.3% among white men, 3.8% among white women, 3.4% among black women, and 1.5% among black men. Declines in CHD mortality and MI incidence were greater in the second decade (1997-2008). Failure to account for biomarker shift would have masked declines in incidence, particularly among blacks. Age-adjusted 28-day case fatality after hospitalized MI declined 3.5%/y among white men, 3.6%/y among black men, 3.0%/y among white women, and 2.6%/y among black women. Although these findings from 4 communities may not be directly generalizable to blacks and whites in the entire United States, we observed significant declines in MI incidence, primarily as a result of downward trends in rates between 1997 and 2008.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Paul D. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is interesting to note that the conclusion of Krober et al<sup>1</sup>concerning the efficacy of early treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis is essentially based on a comparison of seven patients (penicillin group) with documented streptococcal pharyngitis with eight patients (placebo group) with documented streptococcal pharyngitis. Considering the frequency of this disease in the United States, I would advise extreme caution in altering clinical practice based on a study with a total of only 15 patients with documented streptococcal pharyngitis.
Cost of Iron Therapy
Authors: PASQUALE E. PERILLIE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Cost of Iron TherapyPASQUALE E. PERILLIE, M.D.PASQUALE E. PERILLIE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-364_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In more than 20 years of treating hundreds of patients with proven iron deficiency anemia, I have found little need to resort to combination iron preparations. With most such patients, simple iron salts proved to be totally effective and reliable. I am not unique in this experience (1). Not only do sustained released preparations add an element of variation in response, but equally pertinent is the increased cost they add to oral iron therapy. As the health care industry is being challenged by federal and state governments and by the public to control costs of care, I...Reference1. WILLIAMS W: Hematology. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1972, pp. 318-319 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 364-364KeywordsHealth care sectorIron deficiency anemiaSalts Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Associative learning is necessary but not sufficient for mirror neuron development
Authors: James Bonaiuto
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Existing computational models of the mirror system demonstrate the additional circuitry needed for mirror neurons to display the range of properties that they exhibit. Such models emphasize the need for existing connectivity to form visuomotor associations, processing to reduce the space of possible inputs, and demonstrate the role neurons with mirror properties might play in monitoring one's own actions.
Initial and long-term results of elective angioplasty in unprotected left main coronary artery
Authors: K. Kosuga, H. Tamai, Y.-S. Hau, A. Kawashima, S. Matsui, T. Hata, T. Nakamura, M. Minami, S. Motohara, H. Uehata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor by H11Kinase/Hsp22 Promotes Cardiac Cell Growth and Survival
Authors: Xiangzhen Sui, Dan Li, Hongyu Qiu, Vinciane Gaussin, Christophe Depre
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

H11 kinase/Hsp22 (H11K) is a chaperone promoting cardiac cell growth and survival through the activation of Akt, a downstream effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). In this study, we tested whether H11K-induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is mediated by the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, both in a transgenic mouse model with cardiac-specific overexpression of H11K and in isolated cardiac myocytes. Microarrays in hearts from transgenic compared to wild-type mice showed an upregulation of the BMP receptors Alk3 and BMPR-II, and of their ligand BMP4 (P<0.01 versus wild type). Activation of the BMP pathway in transgenic mice was confirmed by increased phosphorylation of the "canonical" BMP effectors Smad 1/5/8 (P<0.01 versus wild type). In isolated myocytes, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of H11K was accompanied by a significant (P<0.01) increase in PI3K activity, phospho-Akt, Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation and [(3)H]phenylalanine incorporation, and by a 70% reduction in H(2)O(2)-mediated apoptosis. All these effects were abolished by the BMP antagonist noggin. In presence of BMP4, Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation was enhanced by 5-fold on H11K overexpression but decreased by 3-fold on H11K knockdown (P<0.01 versus control), showing that H11K potentiates the BMP signaling. In pull-down experiments, H11K increased both the association of Alk3 and BMPR-II together, and their interaction with the transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase (TAK)1, a "noncanonical" mediator of the BMP receptor signaling. TAK1 inhibition prevented H11K-mediated activation of Akt. Therefore, potentiation of the BMP receptor by H11K promotes an activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway mediated by TAK1, which dictates the physiological effects of H11K on cardiac cell growth and survival.
Sigmoidoscopy and cytology in the detection of microscopic disease of the rectal mucosa in ulcerative colitis
Authors: J. McK. Watts, H. Thompson, J. C. Goligher
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This study confirms the value of both the sigmoidoscopic assessment and the cytology of the mucosal secretion in the detection of microscopic disease of the rectal mucosa in ulcerative colitis.On certain occasions, however, microscopic disease is undetected using these methods, so that rectal biopsy is recommended as an aid in the diagnosis of patients with a history suggestive of colitis, but having normal or equivocal sigmoidoscopic appearances.on August 20,
A Human-Health Risk Assessment for West Nile Virus and Insecticides Used in Mosquito Management
Authors: Robert K.D. Peterson, Paula A. Macedo, Ryan S. Davis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

West Nile virus (WNV) has been a major public health concern in North America since 1999, when the first outbreak in the Western Hemisphere occurred in New York City. As a result of this ongoing disease outbreak, management of mosquitoes that vector WNV throughout the United States and Canada has necessitated using insecticides in areas where they traditionally have not been used or have been used less frequently. This has resulted in concerns by the public about the risks from insecticide use. The objective of this study was to use reasonable worst-case risk assessment methodologies to evaluate human-health risks for WNV and the insecticides most commonly used to control adult mosquitoes. We evaluated documented health effects from WNV infection and determined potential population risks based on reported frequencies. We determined potential acute (1-day) and subchronic (90-day) multiroute residential exposures from each insecticide for several human subgroups during a WNV disease outbreak scenario. We then compared potential insecticide exposures to toxicologic and regulatory effect levels. Risk quotients (RQs, the ratio of exposure to toxicologic effect) were < 1.0 for all subgroups. Acute RQs ranged from 0.0004 to 0.4726, and subchronic RQs ranged from 0.00014 to 0.2074. Results from our risk assessment and the current weight of scientific evidence indicate that human-health risks from residential exposure to mosquito insecticides are low and are not likely to exceed levels of concern. Further, our results indicate that, based on human-health criteria, the risks from WNV exceed the risks from exposure to mosquito insecticides.
Interventions aimed at helping indigenous people in Australia could worsen problems
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A programme of interventions aimed at improving the lives of indigenous people living in the Northern Territories of Australia risks doing more harm than good, a major new health impact assessment concludes. Although the programme may bring benefits in terms of better health, it is likely to add to the trauma of Aboriginal people and lead to distrust of government in the long term, it says.

The Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) was announced in 2007 by the previous conservative government in response to concerns about child sexual abuse and was implemented hastily, without extensive consultation.

It included the introduction of child health checks, compulsory income management (whereby recipients of welfare support for children have to spend 50% of the support on food and clothing, to be bought in specified outlets), restrictions on alcohol and pornography on Aboriginal land, increased policing, and the appointment of government business managers in communities. Sections of the Racial Discrimination Act were suspended to …
"CONGENITAL ECTODERMAL DEFECT"
Authors: George M. MacKee
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In our article entitled "Congenital Ectodermal Defect" (<i>Arch. Dermat. &amp; Syph</i>.<b>10</b>:673 [Dec.] 1924), an unintentional injustice was done Dr. Henry B. Richardson of the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology. Our patient was investigated by Dr. Richardson in connection with extensive original basal metabolism research with the calorimeter. Through an unfortunate misunderstanding, his tests on our patient were published in our paper without specific permission; and while we credited the institute with the work, we failed to state that the tests were part of the original investigation being conducted by Dr. Richardson. In an editorial (The Journal, February 14, p. 518), which comments on our article, the reader gains the impression that we did the basal metabolism work which, of course, is erroneous. The misunderstanding has interfered with the publication of Dr. Richardson's work, for which we are very sorry.
A lesson learnt
Authors: S. E. Whitehorn
Journal: BMJ (2009)

I have been reflecting on how my practice of medicine has changed over the years. I have always been a friendly sort and have spent much time worrying about whether I am not formal enough with my patients. I don’t quite let them call me by my first name, but I do sometimes let my consultations become friendly chats, and I have worried that this approach might reduce my patients’ respect for me. My memory of childhood consultations with doctors is of men and women in tweed suits talking to my parents in an authoritative manner and commanding total trust and respect from them.

When I graduated from medical school I also wanted to be viewed with high regard by my patients and to be seen as being totally in control of the consultation, dealing with their difficulties but imparting …
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and an Angel
Authors: Jennifer C. Kett
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
New body scans help detect spread of myeloma
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A new type of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan may help to detect whether cancer cells have spread to the bones of patients with myeloma, avoiding the need for painful and repeated bone marrow biopsies, a small study has found.

The scan could also help doctors decide whether patients are responding to treatment, say the researchers, from London’s Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust.

Myeloma is currently diagnosed and staged with radiography and regular MRI scans, but gauging the response of the disease to treatment often involves bone biopsies. However, even biopsies …
Migraine and Cerebral Infarct-like Lesions on MRI
Authors: Tobias Kurth, Christophe Tzourio
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Canadian paper retreats after vaccine story sparks furor
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Revealing the membrane current source distribution of neurons is a key step on the way to understanding neural computations, however, the experimental and theoretical tools to achieve sufficient spatiotemporal resolution for the estimation remain to be established. Here we address this problem using extracellularly recorded potentials with arbitrarily distributed electrodes in a neuron of known morphology. We use simulations of models with varying complexity to validate the proposed method and to give recommendations for experimental applications. The method is applied to in vitro data from rat hippocampus.