tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seasonal idiopathic rhinitis with local inflammatory response and specific IgE in absence of systemic response
Authors: C. Rondón, I. Doña, S. López, P. Campo, J. J. Romero, M. J. Torres, C. Mayorga, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Patients with idiopathic rhinitis (IR) are considered to be nonallergic because they have a negative skin prick test (SPT) and allergen specific‐IgE in serum. The concept of localized mucosal allergy in the absence of atopy has recently been proposed. The immunological mechanisms involved in seasonal IR have not been sufficiently studied. We examined nasal mucosa inflammation, the presence of nasal specific‐IgE and the response to nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) in patients with seasonal IR who presented symptoms only in spring. Methods: We evaluated 32 patients with seasonal IR and 35 with persistent allergic rhinitis to pollen (PAR‐P) and compared these with healthy controls and persons with PAR to house dust mite during the pollen season, as well as by NAPT out‐of‐season with grass and Olea europea . We measured the nasal leukocyte–lymphocyte phenotype (CD45, CD33, CD16, CD3, CD4 and CD8), eosinophil‐cationic‐protein, and total and specific‐IgE to grass and olive pollen in serum and nasal lavage and performed NAPT. Results: In the IR group, 62.5% had a positive NAPT (IR‐PosNAPT), 20/32 to grass, with four of these having a positive NAPT to olive pollen as well. IR‐PosNAPT patients showed a similar nasal leukocyte–lymphocyte profile to the PAR‐P patients and different to controls. We detected nasal specific‐IgE in 35% of IR‐PosNAPT patients. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that a subgroup of patients with IR have seasonal symptoms with evidence of a nasal allergic immune reaction in the absence of a positive SPT or serum specific IgE.
Preclinical Validation of Electrochemotherapy as an Effective Treatment for Brain Tumors
Authors: Birgit Agerholm-Larsen, Helle K. Iversen, Per Ibsen, Jakob M. Moller, Faisal Mahmood, Kurt Svarre Jensen, Julie Gehl
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Electrochemotherapy represents a strategy to enhance chemotherapeutic drug uptake by delivering electrical pulses which exceed the dielectric strength of the cell membrane, causing transient formation of structures that enhance permeabilization. Here we show that brain tumors in a rat model can be eliminated by electrochemotherapy with a novel electrode device developed for use in the brain. By using this method, the cytotoxicity of bleomycin can be augmented more than 300-fold because of increased permeabilization and more direct passage of drug to the cytosol, enabling highly efficient local tumor treatment. Bleomycin was injected intracranially into male rats inoculated with rat glia-derived tumor cells 2 weeks before the application of the electrical field (32 pulses, 100 V, 0.1 ms, and 1 Hz). In this model, where presence of tumor was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before treatment, we found that 9 of 13 rats (69%) receiving electrochemotherapy displayed a complete elimination of tumor, in contrast to control rats treated with bleomycin only, pulses only, or untreated where tumor progression occurred in each case. Necrosis induced by electrochemotherapy was restricted to the treated area, which MRI and histology showed to contain a fluid-filled cavity. In a long-range survival study, treatment side effects seemed to be minimal, with normal rat behavior observed after electrochemotherapy. Our findings suggest that electrochemotherapy may offer a safe and effective new tool to treat primary brain tumors and brain metastases.
Interpreting Hospital Mortality Data
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This study uses national Medicare data as well as data that were abstracted to calibrate the Medicare Mortality Predictor System to assess the usefulness of a risk adjustment system in interpreting hospital mortality rates. The majority of variation in annual hospital death rates for the four conditions studied (stroke, pneumonia, myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure) is chance variability that results from the relatively small numbers of patients treated in most hospitals in a year. For hospitals in the highest and lowest quartiles of observed death rates, the difference between observed rates and those predicted by the Medicare Mortality Predictor System is not quite one third smaller than the difference between observed rates and unadjusted national rates. Risk adjustment methods do not show whether the unexplained difference in mortality rates results from differences in effectiveness of care or unmeasured differences in patient risk at the time of admission. Risk-adjusted mortality rates, therefore, should be supplemented by review of the actual care rendered before conclusions are drawn regarding effectiveness of care. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3611-3616)
Abstract 2544: Analysis of the mechanism for acquiring resistance to 5-FU in gastric cancer cell lines
Authors: Ayako Nakamura, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Go Nakajima, Hidekazu Kuramochi, Ryuji Okuyama, Hirotaka Kamikozuru, Masakazu Yamamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) still remains the key drug for the treatment of gastric cancer. Thus, analysis of the mechanism for acquiring resistance of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU and the development of effective chemotherapy for 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer are important. Methods From the parent human gastric cancer cell lines (MKN45, MKN74, KATOIII and NCI-N87), we established several 5-FU-resistant cell lines (MKN45/5FU, MKN74/5FU, KATOIII/5FU and NCI-N87/5FU) by continuous exposure of the cells to progressively increasing concentrations of 5-FU over a year. We then compared the sensitivity of the parent cell lines to 5-FU-resistant cell lines by MTT assay. We also quantitatively evaluated the mRNA expression levels of four genes known to be associated with 5-FU metabolism, namely, thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT), by real-time RT-PCR assay. Results The IC50 ratio of each 5-FU resistant cell line to its parent cell line was as follows; MKN45/5FU: 10.0; MKN74/5FU: 5.5; KATOIII/5FU: 2.2; NCI-N87/5FU: 4.8. Comparing with the corresponding parent cell lines, the 5-FU resistant cell lines, MKN45/5FU, MKN74/5FU, KATOIII/5FU and NCI-N87/5FU, showed a 0.62, 0.40, 0.37 and 0.56-fold decrease in TS gene expression, respectively. In addition, three of the four resistant cell lines showed a tendency towards increase in the gene expression level of DPD and decrease in that of TP. No significant changes in the expression level of the gene encoding OPRT was noted in any of the 5-FU-resistant cell lines. Conclusion We established four 5-FU-resistant lines from the corresponding parent gastric cancer cell lines and demonstrated the various changes in the expression profiles of the genes known to be associated with 5-FU metabolism. These results suggest that the mechanism of acquiring resistance to 5-FU may vary among gastric tumors. To identify the genetic characteristics of these resistant cell lines, we propose to analyze the gene expression profiles at several time-points from the beginning of establishment of 5-FU-resistance, using microarray-based technology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2544.
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study to assess the effect of topical 1% nicotinamide on actinic keratoses
Authors: F. Moloney, M. Vestergaard, B. Radojkovic, D. Damian
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Conflicts of interest: the authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Madam, Actinic keratoses (AKs) are precursors of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), affecting ∼50% of Australians over the age of 40 years.1 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐induced immunosuppression enhances photocarcinogenesis, and both UVB and UVA are immunosuppressive in humans.2 AKs and SCCs are highly sensitive to host immunity, with huge increases in these lesions in transplant recipients.3 Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) is the precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which is central to cellular energy and DNA repair.4 Nicotinamide normalizes energy production genes and enzymes in UV‐exposed keratinocytes,2, 5 which are adenosine triphosphate‐deficient.6 In mice, 2·5% nicotinamide reduced UV immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis.7 Nicotinamide is immunoprotective in humans2 and could be inexpensively added to sunscreens or moisturizers. Immune‐competent adults with at least four nonhyperkeratotic AKs in one or more treatment areas (face, scalp, upper limbs) were recruited from Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Patients had received no other AK treatments within 1 month. The study (ACTRN12607000428460, available at http://www.anzctr.org.au) was approved by University of Sydney and Sydney Southwest Area Health Service Ethics Committees. All volunteers provided written informed consent.
Enabling more dying people to remain at home.
Authors: G Thorpe
Journal: BMJ (1993)

When it comes to dying there is no place like home. Since earliest times most cultures have accepted that dying people should remain at home. But this was never possible for all. Some were destined to die in accidents, on battlefields, by execution, and from catastrophic illness, maybe many miles away. Nevertheless, with few exceptions people could expect to die in their own beds and in the bosom of their families. In Europe from the Middle Ages until a century ago there was a simplicity about dying. Aware that the end was approaching, people would take to their sickbeds and preside over the ritual. The family, including children, friends, and neighbours would congregate. The ceremony was public and doctors often complained about overcrowding. Death was not regarded as a frightening event and was accepted as an inevitable and integral part of life. Dramatic changes in attitudes to death have taken place since the mid-nineteenth century. The natural acceptance of a biological reality has been lost and people are now unable to come to terms with their own mortality. One consequence is that death has become institutionalised. This paper seeks to answer five questions. These refer to where people die, where they would choose to die, where they spend their last year of life, the reasons for admission for terminal care, and whether more dying people could remain at home. Discussion is restricted to adults in the United Kingdom. References are mostly from the past decade.
[700] INCIDENCE, REMISSION AND MORTALITY RATE OF FATTY LIVER IN THE DIONYSOS COHORT
Authors: S. Bellentani, G. Bedogni, L. Miglioli, F. Masutti, A.L. Croce, A. Castiglione, V. Di Maso, C. Tiribelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Short-Term Hormone Therapy
Authors: May G. Wilson, Wan Ngo Lim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN 1949 when ACTH became available, we considered that we could best evaluate hormone therapy by selecting patients observed at the onset of carditis before irreversible damage was sustained, and that the duration of therapy should be significantly less than the usual duration of this self-limited disease.1 In a previous report of the effect of short-term hormone therapy in 55 patient attacks of active carditis of three to twenty-one days' duration, it was demonstrated that in the majority of patients, early adequate therapy for an average period of seven days resulted in no overt residual cardiac damage. Patients were ambulatory . . .
Effects of Marihuana on Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Harold Kolansky
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The large amount of marihuana smoking (12 million to 20 million people) in this country was reviewed, as well as some of the literature concerning adverse effects. Thirty-eight individuals from age 13 to 24 years, all of whom smoked marihuana two or more times weekly, were seen by us between 1965 and 1970, and all showed adverse psychological effects. Some also showed neurologic signs and symptoms. Of the 20 male and 18 female individuals seen, there were eight with psychoses; four of these attempted suicide. Included in these cases are 13 unmarried female patients who became sexually promiscuous while using marihuana; seven of these became pregnant.
HENOCH-SCHONLEIN PURPURA WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PROGNOSIS OF THE RENAL LESION
Authors: BARBARA M. ANSELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article HENOCH‐SCHÖNLEIN PURPURA WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE PROGNOSIS OF THE RENAL LESION Get access BARBARA M. ANSELL BARBARA M. ANSELL M. R. C. Rheumatism Research Unit, Canadian Red Cross memorial Hospital, Taplow, Buckinghamshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 3, 1 March 1970, Pages 211–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb12426.x Published: 01 March 1970 Article history Accepted: 05 September 1969 Published: 01 March 1970
Text-Book of General and Special Pathology for Students and Practitioners.
Authors: Henry Turner Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eradication of MRSA by “ring fencing” orthopaedic beds: Author's reply
Authors: Leela C Biant
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Cholesterol values seem to divergeEditor-The targets for cholesterol management seem to be ever decreasing, but I cannot get my head around the fact that in the new guidelines from the British Hypertension Society box 8 suggests we should consider treatment if the 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease is > 20% and the total cholesterol level is > 3.5 mmol/l but the target to be attained, which is printed beside box 8, is higher, 4 mmol/l. 1 Can someone explain this anomaly to a simple general practitioner who will have to explain it to patients?
(37) Mycosis fungoides
Authors: H.A. Jenkinson, J.M. Beare
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (37) Mycosis fungoides Get access H.A. Jenkinson, H.A. Jenkinson Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Beare J.M. Beare Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 82–84, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05307.x Published: 01 July 1984
Comment re: Premenopausal Mammographic Density and Hormone Levels
Authors: Pagona Lagiou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Chung-Cheng Hsieh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

To the Editor: Mammographic density and ethnicity are two of a handful of factors very strongly associated with breast cancer risk, the others being major genetic influences and age (due to accumulation of somatic mutations). Genetic influences aside, levels of endocrine factors implicated in breast cancer etiology would be expected to be positively associated with mammographic density and be higher in population groups with substantially higher incidence of breast cancer, notably Caucasian women in North America in comparison with Chinese women in Asia. In their elegant investigation among premenopausal women, Walker and colleagues (1) found that high mammographic density is, as would be expected, positively associated with levels of estrogens and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), but, unexpectedly, negatively associated with IGF-II levels. In a study comparing determinants of fetal growth in Caucasian and Asian women (2), cord blood IGF-I was significantly higher among Caucasian compared with Asian offspring, whereas the opposite was true with respect to IGF-II. Moreover, fetal growth was dominated by IGF-I in Caucasian offspring, but by IGF-II in Asian offspring. It has been documented that fetal growth, as reflected in birth weight, predicts breast cancer incidence several decades later (3). It appears that a shift in the balance of IGF-I and IGF-II in favor of the latter may be associated with lower risk for breast cancer, and the collective evidence from the relevant studies appears compatible with this proposition, at least with respect to premenopausal women (4, 5). In view of the findings by Walker and colleagues (1), the study of IGF-II (in conjunction with IGF-I and their binding proteins) in relation to breast cancer risk deserves more attention than it has received so far.No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Sodium Chloride and Water Transport in the Medullary Thick Ascending Limb of Henle. EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVE CHLORIDE TRANSPORT
Authors: Antonino S. Rocha, Juha P. Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Transport of NaCl and water was examined in the rabbit medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (ALH) by perfusing isolated segments of these nephrons in vitro. Osmotic water permeability was evaluated by perfusing tubules against imposed osmotic gradients. In these experiments the net transport of fluid remained at zero when segments of thick ALH were perfused with isotonic ultrafiltrate in a bath of rabbit serum in which the serum osmolality was increased by the addition of either 239+/-8 mosmol/liter of raffinose or 232+/-17 mosmol of NaCl indicating that the thick ascending limb of Henle is impermeant to osmotic flow of water. When these tubules were perfused at slow rates with isosmolal ultrafiltrate of same rabbit serum as used for the bath, the effluent osmolality was consistently lowered to concentrations less than the perfusate and the bath. That this decrease in collected fluid osmolality represented salt transport was demonstrated in a separate set of experiments in which it was shown that the sodium and chloride concentrations decreased to 0.79+/-0.02 and 0.77+/-0.02 respectively when compared with the perfusion fluid concentrations. In each instance the simultaneously determined transtubular potential difference (PD) revealed the lumen to be positive with the magnitude dependent on the perfusion rate. At flow rates above 2 nl.min(-1), the mean transtubular PD was stable and equal to 6.70+/-0.34 mv. At stop-flow conditions this PD became more positive. Ouabain and cooling reversibly decreased the magnitude of this PD. The transtubular PD remained positive, 3.3+/-0.2 mV, when complete substitution of Na by choline was carried out in both the perfusion fluid and the bathing media. These results are interpreted to indicate that the active transport process is primarily an electrogenic chloride mechanism. The isotopic permeability coefficient for Na was 6.27+/-0.38 x 10(-5) cm.s(-1) indicating that the thick ALH is approximately as permeable to Na as the proximal convoluted tubule. The chloride permeability coefficient for the thick ALH was 1.06+/-0.12 x 10(-5) cm.s(-1) which is significantly less than the chloride permeability of the proximal tubule. These data demonstrate that the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle is water impermeable while having the capacity for active outward solute transport as a consequence of an electrogenic chloride pump. The combination of these characteristics allows this segment to generate a dilute tubular fluid and participate as the principal energy source for the overall operation of the countercurrent multiplication system.
Phenotypic analysis of the inflammatory exudate in murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis.
Authors: R Ceredig, J E Allan, Z Tabi, F Lynch, P C Doherty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The massive inflammation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which occurs in adult mice injected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has been analyzed by flow microfluorometry (FMF). The great majority of the T cells detected by direct examination of freshly obtained CSF were found to be Lyt-2+, with an almost total absence of L3T4+ lymphocytes. The Lyt-2/L3T4 ratio of lymphocytes in blood was within normal limits. Predominance of the Lyt-2+ subset was confirmed by culturing the CSF cells after mitogenic stimulation. In addition, the T lymphocytes in CSF of cyclophosphamide-suppressed, virus-infected recipients that had been injected 4 d previously with LCMV-immune spleen cells were almost entirely donor Lyt-2+ cells, while the nonlymphoid elements were exclusively of host origin. However this pattern of donor and host T cell distribution was reversed when the LCMV-infected recipients were not immunosuppressed. The frequency of LCMV-specific CTL precursors in CSF taken immediately before the development of symptoms was as low as 1:3,000 cells. Thus most of the T lymphocytes extravasating into the CSF of mice with LCM are passive participants recruited as a consequence of the function of relatively few LCMV-specific effector T cells. The dominance of the Lyt-2+ T cell subset in the CSF of mice with LCM is intriguing.
Gallbladder Disease in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Cathleen Khandelwal
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal