tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Amyloidosis: Cause and Manifestation of Senile Deterioration
Authors: Alan S. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This beautifully illustrated book is a tribute to Professor Philip Schwartz who more than anyone else has emphasized the role of amyloid in the aging process, its appearance in the central nervous system, heart, and pancreas, and its significance as a major neurologic disorder. The book has three major sections. Part 1 is a historic review, with four pages of new facts and concepts. Unfortunately, the latter is essentially a compilation of references that omits many significant papers on the recent literature. Part 2 contains the bulk of the author's investigations. The material is presented in a personal case method, bringing to light aspects that Dr. Schwartz has found interesting and important. The hundreds of cases examined are never presented in tabular form, however, so that precise data on incidence and extent of amyloid in each organ, number of organs examined, etc, are not readily available. From the scientific standpoint,
276 PRELIMINARY EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF REPEATED ORAL DOSES OF NCX-1000 FOR THE TREATMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION. A DOUBLE-BLIND, PROOF OF CONCEPT, DOSE ESCALATING STUDY
Authors: J. Turnes, S. Raffa, J.G. Abraldes, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, C. Gagnon, J. Spenard, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Postmenopausal Women Taking Oral Estradiol Compared With Oral Conjugated Equine Estrogens
Authors: Nicholas L. Smith, Marc Blondon, Kerri L. Wiggins, Laura B. Harrington, Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg, James S. Floyd, Melody Hwang, Joshua C. Bis, Barbara McKnight, Kenneth M. Rice, Thomas Lumley, Frits R. Rosendaal, Susan R. Heckbert, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Little is known about the comparative cardiovascular safety of oral hormone therapy products, which impedes women from making informed safety decisions about hormone therapy to treat menopausal symptoms.
Ehrlichiosis: A cause of bone marrow hypoplasia in humans
Authors: Carolyn J. Pearce, Marcel E. Conrad, Patrick E. Nolan, Daniel B. Fishbein, Jacqueline E. Dawson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Infection with Ehrlichia canis should be suspected in patients with fever, headache, malaise, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a history of recent exposure to ticks. The cytopenia is caused by bone marrow hypoplasia which may be severe. The disease may be confused with spotless Rocky Mountain spotted fever but can be differentiated from this infection serologically with acute and convalescent sera. In humans, recovery has occurred with and without antibiotic therapy. However, prompt antibiotic therapy is advised prior to serologic studies, especially in immunocompromised individuals, splenectomized persons, and patients with AIDS—who may develop a more overwhelming rickettsial infection.
Test reduction: I--Introduction and review of published work.
Authors: W I Card, P A Emerson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The word "test" is used in a more general sense to describe the process of eliciting evidence of any kind from a patient, and this paper explores the thesis that much evidence is unnecessary and that therefore much test reduction is possible. The value of test reduction can be measured by its efficiency--that is, its effect on the misclassification of disease--or, preferably, by some measure of its cost-effectiveness.
Pancreatic Fat Content and β-Cell Function in Men With and Without Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yoshifumi Saisho, Alexandra E. Butler, Peter C. Butler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

We read the recent paper by Tushuizen et al. (1) with interest. In that study, the authors measured pancreatic fat content by use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 12 type 2 diabetic and 24 nondiabetic men and examined the relationship between pancreatic fat content and β-cell function. They report a negative correlation between pancreatic fat and a measure of β-cell function in nondiabetic controlsubjects (but not individuals with type 2 diabetes) and conclude that “pancreatic lipid content may contribute to β-cell dysfunction and possibly to the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes in susceptible humans.” We respectfully suggest that the report contains insufficient evidence …
PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF RECOMBINANT α2-INTERFERON IN CHINESE HBsAg-CARRIER CHILDREN
Authors: Ching-Lung Lai, Hsiang-Ju Lin, Eng-Kiong Yeoh, Anna Suk-Fong Lok, Pui-Chee Wu, Chap-Yung Yeung
Journal: The Lancet (1987)
Role of elevated plasma soluble ICAM-1 and bronchial lavage fluid IL-8 levels as markers of chronic lung disease in premature infants.
Authors: S Little, T Dean, S Bevin, M Hall, M Ashton, M Church, J Warner, J Shute
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Pulmonary neutrophilia characterises both the relatively transient inflammation associated with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and the persistent inflammation of chronic lung disease. The possibility that persistently raised markers of inflammation indicate the development of chronic lung disease in low birth weight (&lt; 1730 g) preterm (&lt; 31 weeks) infants was therefore investigated. METHODS--Soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels in plasma, and interleukin (IL)-8 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in bronchial lavage fluid (BLF) obtained from 17 infants on days 1, 5, and 14 following birth were measured and correlations with the number of neutrophils in BLF sought. Peripheral neutrophils were isolated on Polymorphoprep and chemotactic responsiveness to IL-8 was assessed using micro Boyden chambers. RESULTS--Sixteen infants developed IRDS and, of these, 10 infants subsequently developed chronic lung disease. Levels of IL-8 in BLF at 14 days of age correlated with the long term requirement for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Interleukin 8 levels in BLF correlated with neutrophil numbers and MPO concentration, suggesting both recruitment and activation in response to this cytokine. Antibody depletion studies showed that approximately 50% of total neutrophil chemotactic activity in BLF was due to IL-8. No difference in peripheral neutrophil chemotactic responsiveness at any age was observed for infants with IRDS or chronic lung disease. Plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1) was higher at 14 days of age in infants who developed chronic lung disease than in those with resolving IRDS, and correlated with severity of disease, as indicated by duration of IPPV. CONCLUSIONS--The results indicate that high levels of plasma sICAM-1 and IL-8 in BLF at day 14 correlate with the development of chronic lung disease and indicate the severity of disease.
Postmenopausal Hormones — Therapy for Symptoms Only
Authors: Deborah Grady
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Over the past two decades, multiple observational studies have suggested that postmenopausal hormone therapy reduces the risks of osteoporotic fractures and coronary heart disease. On the basis of this evidence, hormone therapy was often recommended for women who were at high risk for fractures and coronary disease. But these recommendations were based entirely on observational evidence, which can sometimes be misleading if the groups being compared have different risk patterns and lifestyles. In the early to mid-1990s, several large, randomized trials were initiated to provide definitive evidence concerning the risks and benefits of hormone therapy for the prevention of disease. . . .
Drugs Five Years Later: Spectinomycin
Authors: WILLIAM M. McCORMACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

A single intramuscular injection of 2.0 g of spectinomycin hydrochloride is highly effective for the treatment of uncomplicated anogenital infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Spectinomycin hydrochloride is indicated for uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infections in men and women who cannot receive penicillin or probenecid, and is the drug of choice for the retreatment of patients with uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infection who have not responded to other antibiotics. A single dose of spectinomycin does not appear to be reliably effective in the treatment of gonococcal pharyngitis. Preliminary reports indicate that multiple-dose schedules of spectinomycin will prove to be effective in gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease and disseminated gonococcal infection. In the dosage used for gonococcal infections, spectinomycin has little effect on infection with Treponema pallidum. Evaluation of this antibiotic against other microorganisms suggests little utility for this agent in conditions other than gonococcal infections.
Examination of synovial fluid and serum hyaluronidase activity as a joint marker in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients (by zymography)
Authors: H. Nagaya, T. Ymagata, S. Ymagata, K. Iyoda, H. Ito, Y. Hasegawa, H. Iwata
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important joint marker and the substrate for hyaluronidase (HAase). Synovial fluid (SF) and serum HAase were measured to investigate the potential use of HAase as a joint marker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. <h3>METHODS</h3> The subjects were 39 patients with RA and 42 patients with OA. HAase activity was measured by zymography and its relation with various parameters examined statistically. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In RA SF a positive correlation (<i>r</i>=0.458, p=0.0186) was found between SF HAase activity and the concentration of serum C reactive protein. A positive correlation (<i>r</i>=0.45, p=0.024) was also found between SF HAase activity and platelet count in the RA group. Serum HAase activity in the RA group was significantly higher than in the OA group (p&lt;0.0001) and normal controls (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The results suggest that SF HAase activity could be used as a marker of synovial inflammation.
Manifestations of Crohn's Disease -- Extraintestinal Manifestations of Crohn's Disease
Authors: Carethers Jm, McDonnell Wm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Extraintestinal Manifestations of Crohn's Disease. Multiple oral and perianal ulcerations were found at presentation in a 48-year-old man with Crohn's disease. The patient had had no diarrhea before the diagnosis but reported having oral and perianal pain for three months and swelling and pain in his right ankle for three days. Examination of his ankle showed acute erythema and edema. Panel A shows aphthous ulcers (arrows) of the palate and uvula (U). The tongue (T) was also involved. SP denotes soft palate. Panel B shows perianal ulcerations (open arrow) and fistulas (solid arrows). Colonoscopy revealed multiple shallow ulcers . . .
R2* magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in patients with iron overload
Authors: Jane S. Hankins, M. Beth McCarville, Ralf B. Loeffler, Matthew P. Smeltzer, Mihaela Onciu, Fredric A. Hoffer, Chin-Shang Li, Winfred C. Wang, Russell E. Ware, Claudia M. Hillenbrand
Journal: Blood (2009)
Electrocardiographic Changes after Bilateral Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Hans R. Baur, Claus A. Pierach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

WE have observed striking electrocardiographic changes that simulated subendocardial infarction in patients without clinical evidence of infarction who had undergone bilateral carotid endarterectomy.Patients, Methods and ResultsFive consecutive patients (Table 1) with transient ischemic attacks were examined with standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (Marquette electrocardiograph) before and after staged (five to 25 days apart), bilateral, standard-bifurcation carotid endarterectomies without use of an internal shunt. No patient experienced hypotension during or after the operation or was on a drug known to influence the electrocardiogram. Serial measurements of glutamic oxalacetic tramsaminase and isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase were within normal limits before and after . . .
Immunological Studies in the Post-cardiatomy Syndrome
Authors: J. Robinson, W. Brigden
Journal: BMJ (1963)

COELIAC DISEASE IN CHILDHOODEDICABLJOURNkL criteria, it is advised that the gluten-free diet should as a rule be maintained till after puberty, although temporary relaxation of the diet may be allowed to adolescents for personal and social reasons.I am grateful to my colleagues Dr. 0. H. Wolff and Dr. B. D. Bower, who have allowed me to include some of their patients in this report.Dr. J. M. French and the late Mr. Harold Salt were responsible for the estimates of fat, and Miss S. Littlejohn for the D-xylose excretion tests.
938-57 Coronary Flow Velocity Immediately After Successful Direct Coronary Angioplasty Predicts Recovery of Regional Wall Motion in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tetuzo Wakatsuki, Masato Nakamura, Taro Tsunoda, Katsuto Ui, Toshlyuki Degawa, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Glutathione, lactobionate, and histidine: cryptic inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases contained in university of wisconsin and histidine/tryptophan/ketoglutarate liver preservation solutions
Authors: Gundumi Aravinda Upadhya, Steven M. Strasberg
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

UW solution and HTK solution are both used for cold preservation of liver allografts. Although they are about equally effective, their compositions are very different, and they were formulated using different rationales. The authors recently showed an important role for MMPs in liver preservation injury and consequently postulated that these preservation solutions contain cryptic inhibitors of MMP activity. To determine this possibility, the ability of these solutions to inhibit MMP activity was studied. The source of MMP2 and MMP9 was human liver effluents obtained at the time of liver transplantation or commercially available human recombinant MMP2 and MMP9. MMP2 and MMP9 showed gelatinolytic activity at 37 degrees C and also at 4 degrees C, although activity at 4 degrees C was reduced. Activity was inhibited by University of Wisconsin (UW) and Histidine/Tryptophan/ Ketoglutarate (HTK) solutions. Examination of individual ingredients disclosed that reduced glutathione (GSH) and lactobionate in UW solution and histidine in HTK solution were the cryptic inhibitors. HTK solution was a more effective inhibitor than UW solution. GSH inhibited the activity of both enzymes, but was a much more effective inhibitor of MMP9 than MMP2. Oxidized glutathione(GSSG) was a much less effective inhibitor of the enzymes. The inhibitor constants (K(i)) of GSH for MMP2 and MMP9 were 34 micromol/L and 3 micromol/L, respectively. The authors conclude that MMP inhibition is a cryptic property of both commonly used liver preservation solutions and contributes importantly to their action. Furthermore, GSH appears to be an effective inhibitor of gelatinases at concentrations at which it is normally present in extracellular fluid.
Surgeon found liable for not warning of partial paralysis risk
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Britain's highest court, the House of Lords, made new law last week when it took the rare step of departing from long established legal principles to hold a consultant neurosurgeon liable for a patient's paralysis even though on normal principles his negligent failure to warn her of the risk had not caused her injury.

English law has long required anyone suing for compensation for personal injury to prove not only that the person sued was negligent but that the negligence caused the damage.

But by a 3 to 2 majority the law lords ruled that surgeon Fari Afshar must compensate a travel journalist, Carole Chester, for negligently failing to warn her of a 1-2% unavoidable risk of partial paralysis, even though she would not have …
Obstruction of Stensen's Duct With Food
Authors: Ross B. Cone
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To my knowledge, obstruction of Stensen's duct with food particles has not been reported, although the literature of the past 20 years mentions two cases of obstruction by other foreign bodies. In the one case, that of an 11-month-old infant, a chicken pin feather was ingested and became imbedded in Stensen's duct (<i>Canad Med Assoc J</i><b>72:</b>35 [Jan] 1955). The other instance (Laryngo<i>scope</i><b>71:</b>1597 [Dec] 1961) is that of a man who in some unknown manner had got a brome grass seed wedged in Stensen's duct. After about two months, a suppurative parotitis developed. The patient denied chewing grass. After extraction of the seed, he made an uneventful recovery. My report concerns a 35-year-old business executive who noted sudden painless swelling of the right parotid gland while eating. Within ten minutes, his facies had the appearance of acute mumps. Extruding from Stensen's duct on
Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Severe Heart Failure
Authors: Uta C. Hoppe, Jaime M. Casares, Hans Eiskjær, Arne Hagemann, John G.F. Cleland, Nick Freemantle, Erland Erdmann
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) and heart failure often coexist; however, the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on the incidence of AF and on the outcome of patients with new-onset AF remains undefined.In the CArdiac REsynchronisation in Heart Failure (CARE-HF) trial, 813 patients with moderate or severe heart failure were randomly assigned to pharmacological therapy alone or with the addition of CRT. The incidence of AF was assessed by adverse event reporting and by ECGs during follow-up, and the impact of new-onset AF on the outcome and efficacy of CRT was evaluated. By the end of the study (mean duration of follow-up 29.4 months), AF had been documented in 66 patients in the CRT group compared with 58 who received medical therapy only (16.1% versus 14.4%; hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 1.50; P=0.79). There was no difference in the time until first onset of AF between groups. Mortality was higher in patients who developed AF, but AF was not a predictor in the multivariable model (hazard ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.67; P=0.37). In patients with new-onset AF, CRT significantly reduced the risk for all-cause mortality and all other predefined end points and improved ejection fraction and symptoms (no interaction between AF and CRT; all P>0.2).Although CRT did not reduce the incidence of AF, CRT improved the outcome regardless of whether AF developed.
The Effect of Varying Dose Levels of Intravenous Sodium Perchlorate on Choroid Plexus Visualization
Authors: MARC R. TETALMAN, JOHN D. SCHEU, OTAVIANO ARAUJO, RICHARD A. SHERIFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Intravenous administration of sodium perchlorate eliminates many of the problems associated with oral administration of perchlorate prior to brain imaging: poor G.I. tract absorption, comatose patient, and nursing errors. An adult dose of 400 mg of sodium perchlorate administered intravenously was found to be optimum in that it had maximal blocking effect on the choroid plexus with minimal adverse injection reaction. A sterile, pyrogen-free solution of sodium perchlorate was added to a syringe containing 15 mCi of sodium pertechnetate and both were injected simultaneously. Adverse injection reactions were recorded such as arm pain, nausea and headache. Brain imaging was performed with a scintillation camera 60 minutes after injection. The choroid plexus uptake of 99mTc was graded independently by two observers into three categories: no visibility, trace visibility, and distinct visibility. Previous experience had shown that doses of less than 300 mg of sodium perchlorate were not ideal. Doses of 300 mg, 400 mg, and 450 mg were evaluated. At 300 mg, 19% of 141 patients had uptake of pertechnetate in the choroid plexus; at 400 mg, 12% of 202 patients had uptake; and at 450 mg, 8% of 207 patients showed uptake. Statistical evaluation of these data demonstrated that the 400 mg dose was optimal for blocking the choroid plexus and resulted in minimal adverse injection reactions. Intravenous sodium perchlorate, circumventing the problems of oral administration, was found to be easily administered, economical method of blocking choroid plexus uptake of 99mTc. In addition, because of the low volume high concentration of the solution, there was no difficulty in obtaining dynamic bolus flow studies.
THE KNIFE AND ITS POINT
Authors: A. Z. C. Cressy
Journal: BMJ (1910)

BUxff3MuDZa.o.UA 110 'Notwithstanding the fact that rigors took place and that ihe temperature fell by crisis from 103.50 to 101.5°and the respirations from 40 to 32, and also that in the course of -twelve hours he coughed up two large basins-full of -expectoration whieh cleared the lung in a short time, it is noteworthy that with the crisis the temperature did not -come down to normal.The great amount of septic -mischief in the arm no doubt accounted for this.I regret that the patient lived in an outlandish -district and a most inaccessible place, so that more details -cannot be given.I believe, however, that my thorough irrigation with lysol "of all the wounds and pus pouches would have been better omitted, for there is no doubt in cny mind that the subsequent exacerbation was due to this.The patient consulted me twice during April.His -arm is in a weak condition, so weak that there was no response to slight electrical current, but with a fairly %strong current the condition of the arm has greatly improved.
PLASMA YKL-40 IN RELATION TO THE DEGREE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE
Authors: Anders B. Mathiasen, Marina J. Harutyunyan, Erik Jørgensen, Steffen Helqvist, Rasmus Ripa, Jens P. Gøtze, Julia S. Johansen, Jens Kastrup
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Call About Erythropoietin: Conflict of Interest or Investment Opportunity?-Reply
Authors: Richard J. McMurray
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In its opinions on conflicts of interest, the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs recognizes the potential for abuse when physicians own stock in pharmaceutical companies whose products they prescribe.<sup>1</sup>The Council has stated that physicians should not permit their financial investments to influence their prescribing of drugs, devices, or appliances.<sup>1</sup> To protect against the potential for abuse, the Council has issued several guidelines for physicians who own stock in pharmaceutical companies, including giving the patient the opportunity to use an alternative drug if one is available.<sup>1</sup>In addition, in cases in which the financial interests of the physician conflict so greatly with a patient's interests as to be incompatible, the physician should relinquish the financial interest or make alternative arrangements for the patient's care.