tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The clinical and dermoscopic features of invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma depend on the histopathological grade of differentiation
Authors: A. Lallas, J. Pyne, A. Kyrgidis, S. Andreani, G. Argenziano, A. Cavaller, J. Giacomel, C. Longo, A. Malvestiti, E. Moscarella, S. Piana, F. Specchio, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, I. Zalaudek
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Little is known about the variability of the dermoscopic criteria of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) according to the histopathological differentiation grade.To evaluate whether specific dermoscopic criteria can predict the diagnosis of poorly differentiated SCC compared with well- and moderately differentiated SCC.Clinical and dermoscopic images of SCCs were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria. Univariate and adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Discriminant functions were used to plot receiver-operator characteristic curves.Of 143 SCCs included, 48 (33·5%) were well differentiated, 45 (31·5%) were moderately differentiated and 50 (35·0%) were poorly differentiated. Flat tumours had a fourfold increased probability of being poorly differentiated. Dermoscopically, the presence of a predominantly red colour posed a 13-fold possibility of poor differentiation, whereas a predominantly white and white-yellow colour decreased the odds of poorly differentiated SCC by 97% each. The presence of vessels in more than 50% of the tumour's surface, a diffuse distribution of vessels and bleeding were significantly associated with poor differentiation, while scale/keratin was a potent predictor of well- or moderately differentiated tumours.Dermoscopy may be regarded as a reliable preoperative tool to distinguish poorly from well- and moderately differentiated SCC. Given that poor differentiation of SCC represents an independent risk factor for recurrence, metastasis and disease-specific death, identifying poorly differentiated tumours in vivo may enhance their appropriate management.
CONTINUED AND EPHEMERAL FEVERS, A NOTE.ON THE SERUM TEST FOR TYPHOID.
Authors: A. L. BENEDICT
Journal: JAMA (1897)

There have been two disease names in common use which are nothing but names, and are in no true sense of the term diagnoses. These are<i>ephemeral</i>and<i>continued</i>fever. Cases of this nature (or of these natures?) may be explained as due to intestinal fermentation or to some other form of sui-intoxication, and they have been regarded, respectively, as abortive and atypical manifestations of some other disease. In some parts of the country, continued fever is regarded as malarial; in Buffalo there is seldom any suspicion of malaria, since typhoid is, for practical purposes, the only definite protracted but acute fever, aside from the exanthemata and miliary tuberculosis. The writer does not care to discuss the merits of the arguments for and against classifying ephemeral and continued fever as manifestations of typhoid. Repeatedly have febrile cases been diagnosed as typhoid from the temperature curve, the subjective symptoms and the
Probabilistic models as theories of children's minds
Authors: Alison Gopnik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract My research program proposes that children have representations and learning mechanisms that can be characterized as causal models of the world – coherent, structured hypotheses with consistent relationships to probabilistic patterns of evidence. We also propose that Bayesian inference is one mechanism by which children learn these models from data. These proposals are straightforward psychological hypotheses and far from “Bayesian Fundamentalism.”
Did the 2000 Sydney Olympics increase physical activity among adult Australians?
Authors: Adrian Bauman, Bill Bellew, Cora L Craig
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The Olympic Games’ (OG) organisers typically hope that a diverse range of health legacies, including increases in physical activity and sport participation will result from their hosting of the OG. Despite these aspirations, the effects of the Olympics on physical activity levels remain to be demonstrated in large-scale population studies. Methods This study examined the short-term impact of the Sydney 2000 OG, using serial cross-sectional population physical activity surveys of Australian adults in November 1999 and November 2000. Random sample surveys of adults asked about physical activity participation, intention to be more active, and in 2000, response to the OG. Results There were no significant effects of the Olympics on physical activity participation among adult Australians, measured 6 weeks after the end of the Games. Total minutes of leisure-time physical activity did not change significantly between 1999 and 2000 (295–303 min/week), and the proportion reaching the recommended levels of 150 min/week did not change (56.6% and 56.8%, respectively, in 1999 and 2000). The intention to be active in the next month increased after the Games (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24), but was not associated with physical activity behaviour change. Conclusions The legacy of the OG may be apparent through new infrastructure and other urban improvements, but evidence of their influence on physical activity levels remains elusive. Without multiyear integrated and well-funded programmes to promote physical activity, the Olympic legacy of a more active community may remain more rhetoric than reality.
Acetylcysteine for Prevention of Acute Deterioration of Renal Function Following Elective Coronary Angiography and Intervention
Authors: Jay Kay, Wing Hing Chow, Tak Mao Chan, Sing Kai Lo, On Hing Kwok, Alex Yip, Katherine Fan, Chi Hang Lee, Wai Fai Lam
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> The antioxidant acetylcysteine prevents acute contrast nephrotoxicity in patients with impaired renal function who undergo computed tomography scanning. However, its role in coronary angiography is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether oral acetylcysteine prevents acute deterioration in renal function in patients with moderate renal insufficiency who undergo elective coronary angiography. <h3>Design and Setting</h3> Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from May 2000 to December 2001 at the Grantham Hospital at the University of Hong Kong. <h3>Participants</h3> Two hundred Chinese patients aged mean (SD) 68 (6.5) years with stable moderate renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance &lt;60 mL/min [1.00 mL/s]) who were undergoing elective coronary angiography with or without intervention. <h3>Intervention</h3> Participants were randomly assigned to receive oral acetylcysteine(600 mg twice per day; n = 102) or matching placebo tablets (n = 98) on the day before and the day of angiography. All patients received low-osmolality contrast agent. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Occurrence of more than a 25% increase in serum creatinine level within 48 hours after contrast administration; change in creatinine clearance and serum creatinine level. <h3>Results</h3> Twelve control patients (12%) and 4 acetylcysteine patients (4%) developed a more than 25% increase in serum creatinine level within 48 hours after contrast administration (relative risk, 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10-0.96;<i>P</i>= .03). Serum creatinine was lower in the acetylcysteine group (1.22 mg/dL [107.8 µmol/L]; 95% CI, 1.11-1.33 mg/dL vs 1.38 mg/dL [122.9 µmol/L]; 95% CI, 1.27-1.49 mg/dL;<i>P</i>= .006) during the first 48 hours after angiography. Acetylcysteine treatment significantly increased creatinine clearance from 44.8 mL/min (0.75 mL/s) (95% CI, 42.7-47.6 mL/min) to 58.9 mL/min (0.98 mL/s) (95% CI, 55.6-62.3 mL/min) 2 days after the contrast administration (<i>P</i>&lt;.001).The increase was not significant in the control group (from 42.1 to 44.1 mL/min [0.70 to 0.74 mL/s];<i>P</i>= .15). The benefit of acetylcysteine was consistent among various patient subgroups and persistent for at least 7 days. There were no major treatment-related adverse events. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Acetylcysteine protects patients with moderate chronic renal insufficiency from contrast-induced deterioration in renal function after coronary angiographic procedures, with minimal adverse effects and at a low cost.
Text-Books in Korean.
Authors: W. W. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Philadelphia, April 2, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Into how many separate languages "Gray's Anatomy" has been translated perhaps only its publishers can tell us. Another tongue has just been added to the list, owing to the painstaking labors of Dr. O. R. Avison of Seoul, Korea, formerly of the teaching force of the Toronto Medical College. The volume he so produced he has made available to ambitious young Koreans by causing a certain number of copies to be mimeographed. He has done the same with a number of other elementary text-books; but the result is, of course, far inferior to printing and the supply adequate for only a very limited demand. The young men for whose especial use this work is being done are under instruction in a number of hospitals in different cities in Korea. Left to themselves they would have been still following the barbarous methods in vogue
The Arthritis Handbook: A Patient's Manual on Arthritis, Rheumatism and Gout
Authors: V. Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

doyens of French Rheumatology, played an active part.In this small book Dr. Frangon presents reminiscences of his own, and of his father and grand- father, all of whom practised with conspicuous success at Aix-les-Bains, and who are now succeeded in tum by Dr. Fran9on's son Jean.Dr. Francon describes vividly some of the many personalities who have visited Aix-les-Bains and have taken 'the cure', among them Balzac, Lamartine, Maupaussant, Verlaine, Queen Victoria, and Dom Pedron, the Emperor of Brazil.Dr. Frangon paints a convincing and charming picture of these celebrities and of their annual sojourn at Aix-les- Bains.He points out that these were the private patients of the past, the predecessors of those sent by the Securite Sociale-the French National Health Service.Today 90 per cent. of those who are treated at Aix are paid for by the State.He discusses the benefit they received from their treatment and briefly notes that taking the waters is sans risques iatrogenes, suggesting that 'the cure' at Aix may well be less dangerous than swallowing some of the pills that we are accustomed to prescribe for our rheumatic patients.
A79: Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematous: Clinical Course and Outcomes
Authors: Saimun Singla, Eyal Muscal, Debra Canter, Marietta DeGuzman, Timothy Vece
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is a rare and devastating manifestation of SLE, occurring in 1–5% of adult cohorts with mortality rates ranging from 70%-90%. The majority of PH reported in SLE refers to the adult population, and there is a paucity of data in pediatrics. Therefore, we describe our experience with PH in pediatric SLE, outlining disease presentation, treatment, and outcomes.



Methods:

We reviewed records of pediatric SLE patients who presented with pulmonary involvement diagnosed between January 2000 and August 2010. Inclusion criteria included > 4 SLE classification criteria and PH based on pulmonary evaluation by BAL, lung biopsy and/or characteristic imaging with worsening anemia. We describe our pediatric cohort, presenting symptoms, diagnostic modalities, various interventions and overall outcomes.



Results:

Seven of 401 (1.7%) SLE patients met inclusion criteria for PH. Patients were predominantly male (71.4%) and Hispanic (57.1%). Median age of PH presentation was 13.5 years (range 2.0–15.2). Episodes were primarily within the first 3 months of SLE diagnosis (71.4%) and were a presenting manifestation for SLE in 28.6% of our patients. All patients presented with a new cough, dyspnea, hypoxemia, anemia and abnormal CXR. Hemoptysis was present in 28.6%. Four out of 6 children had chest CT findings with diffuse ground glass opacities (66.6%) and 3 with nodules (50%). Additional non-pulmonary features included fever (71.4%), renal disease (57.1%), cytopenias (71.4%), cardiac disease (50.0%), and positive antiphospholipid antibodies (85.7%). Eighty-five percent required supplemental oxygen and 57.1% required mechanical ventilation. Hemosiderin-laden macrophages without infection were observed in 3 BAL's. Out of the two lung biopsies performed, both revealed diffuse hemorrhage and one demonstrated immunoglobulin and complement deposition. All were treated with pulse doses of methylprednisolone infusions. Other therapeutic interventions included cyclophosphamide (42.8%), plasma exchange (42.8%), rituximab (85.7%) and IVIG (14.2%). Survival rate was 87.5%. All patients were maintained on corticosteroids and 66.6% received monthly cyclophosphamide infusions. Subsequent outpatient therapies included IVIG (33.3%), azathioprine (16.6%) or rituximab (16.6%). No patients had recurrences of PH. No survivors required supplemental oxygen nor developed interstitial lung disease (median follow-up 2.6 years, range 1.5–5.0).



Conclusion:

In our review of pSLE patients with PH, the prevalence of this complication approximated that of adult SLE cohorts. However, in contrast to the adult population, PH presented earlier in the course of SLE in children. Additionally, outcomes were favorable with initiation of aggressive, multi-modal immunosuppressive therapy with no recurrences. The mortality rate was much lower than described in adult cohorts.
Commentaries on the Cardiovascular Controversy by W Spinelli and T J Colatsky
Authors: W. Spinelli, T. J Colatsky
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Commentaries on the Cardiovascular Controversy by W Spinelli and T J Colatsky Get access Walter Spinelli, Walter Spinelli Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Research, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas J Colatsky Thomas J Colatsky Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Research, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Princeton, NJ, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 926–928, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.926a Published: 01 June 1994
Why Britain's drug czar mustn't wage war on drugs
Authors: J. Strang, W. B Clee, L. Gruer, D. Raistrick
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The British government has advertised the first ever post of drug supremo, or 'drug czar' to borrow the term used in the United States. It is good news that the new Labour government is evidently serious about the growing national and international drug problem and intends to strengthen further the pan-departmental approach taken by the central drugs co-ordinating unit and its strategic document for England, Tackling Drugs Together .1

But there is a grave danger that the increased political attention could backfire, producing a more politicised approach to the problem and causing the new czar's dominant orientation to be one of control. Crime dominated posturing would lead to a damaging dissociation between the public appeal of the policy and actual evidence of effectiveness. It could lead to a mistaken bias to funding more panda cars, prisons, and pop propaganda instead of evidence-based treatment, rehabilitation, and preventive strategies. In contrast, diverting limited resources from enforcement to treatment and rehabilitation would result in more cost-effective crime …
Therapeutic treatment of New Zealand mouse disease by a limited number of anti-idiotypic antibodies conjugated with neocarzinostatin.
Authors: N Harata, T Sasaki, H Osaki, T Saito, S Shibata, T Muryoi, O Takai, K Yoshinaga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

-81 and NE-1 idiotypes (Id) of human nephritogenic anti-DNA antibodies are interspecies Id expressed also in NZB/W F1 mice. We tried to manipulate the synthesis of spontaneously occurring anti-DNA antibody using monoclonal anti-Id antibodies (D1E2 and 1F5) conjugated with a cytotoxic agent, neocarzinostatin (NCS). In vivo administration of anti-Id antibodies conjugated with NCS brought about an improvement in the survival rate of female NZB/W F1 mice. It also caused a retardation of development of lupus nephritis and decreased the numbers of anti-DNA-producing cells. The suppression of anti-DNA antibody synthesis was specific and Id-mediated. The results indicate that the use of a limited number of anti-Id antibodies in combination with a cytotoxic agent may be applicable therapeutically to autoimmune diseases.
Prognostic factors of encephalopathy after portacaval anastomosis
Authors: M.C. Gomes-Vieira, R. Planas, R. Morillas, M. Broggi, A. Abad-Lacruz, E. Cabré, M. Armengol, R. de León, JA Salvá, H.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
A Systematic Approach for Oral Board Examinations in Psychiatry
Authors: ALAN L. MORGENSTERN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author feels a systematic approach to oral Board examinations will allow candidates to understand the examination process and perhaps to learn more while preparing for it and will help examiners with their difficult charge of judging a colleague's ability. He offers suggestions regarding the candidate's conduct of the patient interview, types of patients to be interviewed, and the examiner's approach during the formal questioning of the candidate. The author hopes his suggested format will increase the effectiveness of the examination.
De novo melanoma and melanoma arising from pre-existing nevus: In vivo morphologic differences as evaluated by confocal microscopy
Authors: Caterina Longo, Cintia Rito, Francesca Beretti, Anna Maria Cesinaro, Juan Piñeiro-Maceira, Stefania Seidenari, Giovanni Pellacani
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Clinical Consequences of the Endoscopic Diagnosis of Gastric Polyps
Authors: M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

The procedure following endoscopic detection of a gastric polyp depends on the findings on histological examination of the lesion, for which forceps biopsy material usually suffices. If Elster's polyps are present, the recommendation is merely a search for epithelial tumors in the colorectum, which occur statistically more frequently in these patients. In the case of hyperplastic polyps, the recommended procedure is endoscopic polypectomy, typing of gastritis and regular follow-up examinations. Carcinoid tumors, which usually arise in type A gastritis, require only follow-up, while sporadic carcinoid tumors should be treated surgically. Irrespective of the type and grade of dysplasia, adenomas of the gastric mucosa should always be removed in toto. Polypoid type I or type IIa early carcinomas of the stomach initially only need to be removed endoscopically. If histological examination then reveals well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa, surgery is not necessary, but regular follow-up is essential.
Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis and Coinfection with HIV
Authors: Gleusa Castro, Roberto Martinez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 32-year-old man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had a CD4 count of 9 cells per cubic millimeter had a 9-month history of weight loss, with progressive weakness and numerous ulcerated lesions of various dimensions on the face (Panel A), trunk, and arms and legs. Hepatomegaly was also noted on physical examination. Radiographic examination revealed numerous rounded lytic lesions on the bones of the hands (Panel B), arms, legs, feet, and skull. A reticulonodular infiltrate was present in both lungs. Histopathological examination of a skin ulcer and culture of purulent discharge from the lesions revealed Paracoccidioides brasiliensis . . .
Abstract A32: In vivo imaging of ERK activity of mouse breast cancer cells reveals heterogeneity in response to anti-cancer drugs and tumor forming capacity
Authors: Yuka Kumagai, Michiyuki Matsuda
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway is critical for normal physiological development and for carcinogenesis. However, the activity of this signaling cascade has never been examined in living cancer tissues due to technical difficulty. We have recently developed transgenic mice expressing a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for ERK, which allows us to monitor cellular ERK activity in living tissues under two-photon (2P) microscopes. To study the role of ERK in mammary tumors, we crossed MMTV-Neu mice with the mice expressing the ERK FRET biosensor and observed in vivo under 2P. In the primary mammary tumors, the ERK activity exhibited significant divergence among the tumor cells. Such heterogeneity was significantly diminished in the secondary tumor cells. A MEK inhibitor PD0325901 and an EGFR/HER2 inhibitor Lapatinib suppressed ERK in both the primary mammary tumor cells and the secondary mammary tumor cells. Interestingly, we found that a small number of cells with low ERK activity in primary tumors that did not respond to Lapatinib. We sorted cells depending on ERK activity and obtained ERKlow and ERKhigh population.The ERKlow population exhibited higher tumorsphere formation in nonadherent culture condition and tumor formation in syngeneic mice. Notably, the tumors developed from ERKlow cells exhibited heterogeneous ERK activity similar to primary tumors. Taken together, our results suggest that the heterogeneous ERK activity might be related to cancer stem cell in tumors. Citation Format: Yuka Kumagai, Michiyuki Matsuda. In vivo imaging of ERK activity of mouse breast cancer cells reveals heterogeneity in response to anti-cancer drugs and tumor forming capacity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A32.
Treatment of Depression
Authors: Arthur Rifkin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Two editorials by Drs Lundberg (also on p 1879) and Uhlenhuth commenting on an article by Keller et al in that same issue suggest that the finding that many physicians treat major depression with benzodiazepines rather than antidepressants is not such a bad thing, because antidepressants are more dangerous than antianxiety agents. Dr Lundberg finds the use of antidepressants in that situation comparable with giving a loaded revolver or a dagger to a person threatening to attempt suicide.  I find this attitude puzzling. Inadequate treatment is not the answer to the problem of adequate treatment that may be dangerous. The answer is the physician taking the time and effort to assess the risk of suicide as carefully as possible and to seek consultation in instances of doubt. This is hardly a foolproof method, but neither is inadequate treatment.  It would be interesting to know what the reasons
Ruptured Vulnerable Coronary Plaque and Tc-99m Sestamibi-Based Assessment of Infarct Size
Authors: Rainer Wessely, Christian Bradaric, Stefan Seybold
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Emerging evidence suggests that identification and treatment of a vulnerable coronary plaque is an important topic in clinical medicine. We present acute rupture of a vulnerable plaque triggered by inflammation and physical exertion leading to immediate impairment of Tc-99m sestamibi-assessed myocardial perfusion. Sestamibi-based determination of myocardial perfusion subsequent to impeding or manifest rupture of a vulnerable plaque is an important surrogate marker for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity associated with various types of revascularization treatment regimens.
Sustained Therapeutic Reversal of Huntington's Disease by Transient Repression of Huntingtin Synthesis
Authors: Holly B. Kordasiewicz, Lisa M. Stanek, Edward V. Wancewicz, Curt Mazur, Melissa M. McAlonis, Kimberly A. Pytel, Jonathan W. Artates, Andreas Weiss, Seng H. Cheng, Lamya S. Shihabuddin, Gene Hung, C. Frank Bennett, Don W. Cleveland
Journal: Neuron (2012)