tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma and Lp(a)-associated PAF-acetylhydrolase activity in uremic patients undergoing different dialysis procedures
Authors: Haralampos J. Milionis, Moses S. Elisaf, Sonia-Athena P. Karabina, Eleni Bairaktari, Alexandros D. Tselepis, Kostas C. Siamopoulos
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia Is a Risk Factor for Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction in Humans
Authors: K.S. Woo, P. Chook, Y.I. Lolin, A.S.P. Cheung, L.T. Chan, Y.Y. Sun, J.E. Sanderson, C. Metreweli, D.S. Celermajer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia is associated with premature peripheral vascular, cerebrovascular, and coronary artery disease. Because homocysteine has been found to be damaging to endothelial cells in animal and cell culture studies, we evaluated the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and arterial endothelial dysfunction (a marker of early atherosclerosis) in asymptomatic adult subjects. Methods and Results Using high-resolution ultrasound, we measured endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (EDD) and endothelium-independent nitroglycerin-induced dilation (GTN) of the brachial artery in 14 prospectively defined hyperhomocysteinemic (mean plasma homocysteine, 34.8±8.5 μmol/L), nonsmoking, healthy subjects aged 53±9 years and 14 control subjects with low plasma homocysteine levels (9.9±3.2 μmol/L). The two groups were well matched for age; sex; body mass index; blood pressure, blood cholesterol, folate, and vitamin B 12 levels; and vessel diameter. EDD was significantly lower in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects (6.5±1.7%) than in subjects with low homocysteine levels (10.8±1.7%) ( P &lt;.001). GTN responses were similar in the two subject groups ( P =.90). Multivariate analysis confirmed homocysteine level as the strongest predictor for impaired EDD, independent of age, sex, body mass index, or blood pressure, folate, vitamin B 12 , and cholesterol levels. Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for arterial endothelial dysfunction in healthy middle-aged adults.
Patient held informally in hospital had his rights violated
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A man with severe learning disabilities who was held informally in a psychiatric hospital for more than four months without the safeguards applying to patients “sectioned” under the Mental Health Act won a ruling at the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg last week that his human rights had been violated.

The ruling has important resource implications for the NHS, which will have to provide extra safeguards for tens of thousands of patients—those who are apparently “compliant,” mainly with learning disabilities and dementia—who lack the capacity to consent or to object to treatment.

Lucy Scott-Moncrieff, solicitor …
Role of eicosanoids, nitric oxide, and afferent neurons in antacid induced protection in the rat stomach.
Authors: N Lambrecht, M Trautmann, R Korolkiewicz, M Liszkay, B M Peskar
Journal: Gut (1993)

The mechanism underlying the mucosal protective effect of antacids is still unclear. This study shows that in rats the aluminum containing antacid, hydrotalcit, induces dose dependent protection against gastric mucosal damage caused by ethanol or indomethacin which is considerably enhanced by acidification. Hydrotalcit did not increase gastric mucosal formation or the intraluminal release of prostaglandins, and did not prevent the increase in mucosal leukotriene C4 formation in response to ethanol. Pretreatment with indomethacin did not attenuate the protective effect of unmodified or acidified hydrotalcit. Furthermore, hydrotalcit significantly reduced the gastric damage caused by indomethacin even when it was administered up to 2 hours after the ulcerogen. In indomethacin treated rats, simultaneous administration of hydrotalcit did not affect the concentrations of indomethacin in serum or inflammatory exudates nor did it attenuate the inhibition of prostaglandin release into the exudates. In hydrotalcit treated rats there was no attenuation of the increase in sulphidopeptide leukotriene release or decrease in leukocyte influx into inflammatory exudates elicited by indomethacin administration. Functional ablation of afferent neurons and inhibition of endogenous nitric oxide partially antagonised the protective effect of unmodified, but not of acidified, hydrotalcit. It is concluded that (i) the protective effect of unmodified and acidified hydrotalcit is independent of the eicosanoid system; (ii) protection against indomethacin induced gastric lesions does not require treatment before dosing of the ulcerogen and does not interfere with absorption and anti-inflammatory actions of indomethacin; (iii) endogenous nitric oxide and afferent neurons contribute partly to the effect of unmodified, but not of acidified, hydrotalcit suggesting that different mechanisms mediate their mucosal protective activity.
Goodpasture's syndrome: survival after acute renal failure.
Authors: J F Munro, A M Geddes, W L Lamb
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Acute Renal Failure mied.Ja., Goodpasture's syndrome, the combination of haemoptysis and nephritis, is being recognized with increasing frequency (Davidson et al., 1966).In its classical form it comprises a distinct clinical entity to which the term " lung purpura with nephritis " has been applied (Rusby and Wilson, 1965).This paper provides the first report of a patient with this condition who recovered after an episode of acute renal failure. CASE REPORTA 27-year-old mechanical engineer was admitted to hospital on 9 October 1965.He gave a history of persistent haemoptysis for seven months, increasing breathlessness for three months, macro- scopic haematuria for one week, and failure to pass urine for 36 hours.He was afebrile, pale, and orthopnoeic.The blood pressure was 110/70 mm.Hg and there were crepitations over the right lower chest.Investigations.-Blood urea 170 mg./100 ml.; serum Na+ 129 mEq/l.;K+ 3.4 mEq/l.;HCO3-17 mEq/l.; calcium 9.2 mg./ 100 ml.; phosphate 6.0 mg./100 ml.Liver-function tests normal.Serum proteins: total 6.1 g./100 ml. (albumin 2.6 g., globulin alpha, 0.4 g., alpha2 1.2 g., beta 0.5 g., gamma 1.4 g.).Hb 8.7 g./ 100 ml.; P.C.V. 30% ; M.C.H.C. 29%; E.S.R. 94 mm./lst hour (Westergren); W.B.C. 13,700 /cu.mm. (normal differential count); reticulocytes less than 1% ; prothrombin time 17 seconds (control 11 seconds).Blood coagulation mechanism otherwise normal.Serum iron 25 pAg./100ml., total iron binding capacity 435 pg./ 100 ml.Coombs test, antinuclear factor, L.E. cells all negative.Antistreptolysin titre less than 100 Todd units; blood cultures negative; sputum and throat culture, a few beta-haemolytic strepto- cocci (Lancefield group A).The E.C.G. was normal, but chest x-ray examination showed patchy consolidation at both lung bases.Numerous haemosiderophores were present in the sputum.Bronchoscopy and bronchography were normal, as were cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography.Histological examination of renal tissue obtained on 12 October and reported by Dr. M. K. McDonald showed a moderately severe acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, with epithelial crescent forma- tion, a few small foci of glomerular necrosis, but no generalized obliteration of glomerular structure.There was some evidence of acute tubular necrosis.Arteritis was not demonstrable.
Herpes simplex virus infection in human arterial cells. Implications in arteriosclerosis.
Authors: D P Hajjar, K B Pomerantz, D J Falcone, B B Weksler, A J Grant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Herpesviruses have been implicated as etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of human arteriosclerosis. We have examined the pathobiological effects of human herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection in influencing lipid accumulation and metabolism in human and bovine arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Significantly greater amounts of saturated cholesteryl esters (CE) and triacylglycerols (TG) accumulate in HSV-1-infected human and bovine arterial SMC than uninfected cells. This CE accumulation results, in part, from decreased CE hydrolysis. Furthermore, arachidonate-stimulated, HSV-1-infected arterial SMC have a reduced capacity to produce prostacyclin (an agonist of intracellular CE hydrolytic activity) than uninfected, stimulated SMC. It appears that HSV-1 may induce lipid accumulation in arterial SMC similar, in part, to the lipid accumulation observed in vivo during human atherogenesis. Thus, herpesviruses may contribute to lipid accumulation, which is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.
Necrotizing 'sarcoidal' angiitis and granulomatosis of the lung.
Authors: J G Stephen, M V Braimbridge, B Corrin, S P Wilkinson, D Day, W F Whimster
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A case of necrotizing sarcoid angiitis and granulomatosis (NSG) presenting as a peripheral lung 9tumour9 in a 63-year-old man is recorded, and the clinical and pathological features are compared with those of Liebow9s original cases. Resection may be avoided if the diagnosis is made by biopsy as the disease is possibly steroid responsive and the prognosis appears favourable. The aetiology is obscure but an immune disturbance is suspected.
Kaposi's sarcoma and exposure to faeces
Authors: WilliamW. Darrow, ThomasA. Peterman, HaroldW. Jaffe, MarthaF. Rogers, JamesW. Curran, Valerie Beral, ThomasA. Peterman, AlvinE. Friedman-Kien, HaroldW. Jaffe, Valerie Beral
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
682. Over-Expression of Follistatin-Like Protein Exacerbates Collagen Induced Arthritis
Authors: Takako Miyamae, Anthony D. Marinov, David C. Wilson, Raphael Hirsch
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Follistatin-like protein (FSTL-1) is a secreted glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 40-55 KD that contains a follistatin-like domain. FSTL-1 was first isolated from a cDNA library of mouse osteoblastic cells as a transforming growth factor-|[beta]|1-inducible gene. Its function has not yet been fully elucidated. We found increased expression of FSTL-1 mRNA by microarray analysis of joints of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed increased expression along the margin of contact between the inflammatory synovium and eroding bone. The highest level of FSTL-1 expression was seen during the acute phase of CIA. To further investigate the role of FSTL-1 in arthritis, non-replicating adenoviral vectors encoding either the human or mouse FSTL-1 gene were administered intravenously to mice one week before the onset of arthritis. Both human and mouse FSTL-1 exacerbated arthritis. Mice receiving either vector developed earlier and more severe arthritis, compared to mice administered a control virus. Liver homogenates from mice administered FSTL-1 adenoviral vectors had increased IL-1|[beta]| levels. These results suggest that FSTL-1 is a pro-inflammatory molecule that might serve as a novel target for therapy of arthritis.
Interpersonal skills are being taught better, but more work is needed
Authors: J. Spencer, R. Stacy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor-Sally Magnusson reminds readers that the dysfunctional doctor-patient relationship is alive and well.1 She may, however, be laying blame for the problem in the wrong quarter by blaming her friend's consultant. As those who have anything to do with the admission or teaching of junior medical students are aware, most students are not supercilious, unimaginative, or cold eyed …
MYOMECTOMY, HYSTERECTOMY AND RADIOTHERAPY IN FIBROMYOMA OF UTERUS
Authors: JAMES C. MASSON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The presence of fibromyoma of the uterus does not necessarily mean that treatment is indicated. Unless the tumor produces symptoms that are dangerous to health, or cause discomfort or possibly sterility, it may be advisable not to institute treatment. The danger of the growth becoming sarcomatous or the development of a carcinomatous condition in the uterus itself is slight; sarcoma develops in about 2 per cent and carcinoma in about 4 per cent of the patients treated surgically. When treatment is advisable, the important question to decide is whether radium, roentgen rays or operation should be resorted to. It is unquestionably true that radium is advised too frequently, not only by those who have a limited amount of this element at their disposal, but by those who are inexperienced in its use, and this accounts for many of the unsatisfactory results that are now observed. The fact should not be
Rectus Femoris Muscle Bone-image Uptake in a Sprinter
Authors: ROBERT J. TELEPAK, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, JOHN M. BAUMAN, MICHAEL A. CAWTHON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Tc-99m MDP uptake was seen in the rectus femoris muscle of a 14-year-old black female sprinter who complained of left leg pain. Straining the rectus femoris muscle in the leg that sprinters use to push-off from the starting blocks is a fairly common injury in this type of runner. Her x-rays were normal. The mechanism of uptake is not known, but may involve early or mild myositis ossificans.
Torsion of the Spermatic Cord in Utero
Authors: Raymond J. Fitzpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Spermatic cord torsion was surgically treated in a 7-hour-old infant. Intrauterine onset was clearly evident. Palpation of the genitalia by the obstetrician immediately after birth and very prompt surgical intervention as recommended for the older patient is mandatory if salvage rate is to be improved. Perhaps torsion discovered at birth is already past the critical time for salvage!
Some Observations on the Role of the Lymphatics in Experimental Acute Pulmonary Edema
Authors: HERMAN UHLEY, SANFORD E. LEEDS, JOHN J. SAMPSON, MEYER FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Lymph was collected from the right duct and thoracic duct of 13 dogs in which acute pulmonary edema was produced by partial obstruction of the left atrium by means of a balloon. Elevation of left atrial pressure to 30 mm. Hg resulted in an increase in thoracic duct flow within 30 minutes, followed by an increase in right duct flow within the next 15 minutes. Critical pulmonary edema became manifest approximately 30 minutes after the onset of increased right duct flow, and the dogs died in pulmonary edema approximately 90 minutes after inflation of the left atrial balloon, unless the left atrial pressure was reduced. The per cent of fluid in serial lung biopsies increased in the first biopsy taken 15 minutes after the elevation of left atrial pressure to 30 mm. Hg, and the increase was sustained, resulting in engorgement of the lungs unless the left atrial pressure was decreased. The small absolute increase in lymph from the right duct suggests that the lymphatics are unable to function significantly to relieve the pulmonary edema produced in the.se acute experiments, resulting in an overflow of fluid into the tracheobronchial tree. C41utamic oxalacetic transaminase showed marked increases in the lymph from the right duct but only modest increases in the lymph from the thoracic duct throughout the experiments. Pyruvic transaminase in lymph from the right and thoracic ducts was relatively unchanged.
Simultaneous Assay of Immunoreactive β-Lipotropin, γ-Lipotropin, and β-Endorphin in Plasma of Normal Human Subjects, Patients with ACTH/Lipotropin Hypersecretory Syndromes, and Patients undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Xavier Y. Bertagna, William J. Stone, Wendell E. Nicholson, Charles D. Mount, David N. Orth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have studied the relative concentrations of the human immunoreactive (IR) peptides γ-lipotropin (hγLPH, [1-58]hβLPH), β-lipotropin (hβLPH), and β-endorphin (hβEND, [61-91]hβLPH) using gel exclusion chromatography together with a specific radio-immunoassay (RIA) for hγLPH and a RIA that (because hβEND is the COOH-terminus of the hβLPH molecule) measures both hβEND and hβLPH on an equimolar basis. In normal subjects, basal plasma IR-hγLPH was often undetectable (<12.5 fmol/ml), but ranged up to 21 fmol/ml, and IR-hβEND/hβLPH was 10.8±0.7 fmol/ml; previous studies by others suggest that most of the IR-hβEND/hβLPH was probably hβLPH. Both IR-hγLPH and IR-hβEND/hβLPH were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (101.5±12.7 and 23.8±2.0 fmol/ml, respectively). Their IR-hγLPH coeluted with standard hγLPH as a single peak, and IR-hβEND/hβLPH coeluted with hβLPH; no distinct peak of IR-hβEND was observed. In patients with ACTH/LPH hypersecretion due to Addison's disease, Nelson's syndrome, or ectopic ACTH syndrome, IR-hγLPH and IR-hβEND/hβLPH were both elevated, and IR-hβEND/hβLPH eluted as two peaks, one coeluting with hβLPH and the other with hβEND. The molar concentrations of all three peptides were significantly correlated with one another. The lower concentrations of endogenous IR-hβEND observed may be due in part to its apparent shorter plasma half-life, as estimated in an Addison's patient given a cortisol infusion. The biologic significance of these three peptides in circulating blood is still unknown. The increased levels of hβLPH and hγLPH in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure suggest that the kidney may be an important organ for their metabolism.
Ionizing radiation induces expression and binding activity of the nuclear factor kappa B.
Authors: M A Brach, R Hass, M L Sherman, H Gunji, R Weichselbaum, D Kufe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Recent studies have demonstrated that treatment of mammalian cells with ionizing radiation is associated with activation of gene expression. Although the signal transduction pathways stimulated by ionizing radiation remain unclear, our previous findings indicate that radiation induces specific genes at the transcriptional level. The present work has examined the effects of ionizing radiation on the transcription factor NF-kappa B. The results demonstrate that ionizing radiation activates DNA binding of nuclear factor (NF)kappa B. This effect was detectable at 2 grays (Gy) and reached a maximum at 5-20 Gy. At a dose of 20 Gy, the increase in NF-kappa B binding activity was maximal at 2-4 h and then declined to pretreatment levels. The results also demonstrate that ionizing radiation transiently increases NF-kappa B mRNA levels. However, the finding that induction of NF-kappa B binding to DNA occurs in the presence of cycloheximide indicates that ionizing radiation activates preexisting NF-kappa B protein. NF-kappa B exists as a cytoplasmic protein before activation. Thus, our results suggest that ionizing radiation induces transduction pathways which include cytoplasmic signaling events.
A cluster of lung injury associated with home humidifier use: clinical, radiological and pathological description of a new syndrome
Authors: Sang-Bum Hong, Hwa Jung Kim, Jin Won Huh, Kyung-Hyun Do, Se Jin Jang, Joon Seon Song, Seong-Jin Choi, Yongju Heo, Yong-Bum Kim, Chae-Man Lim, Eun Jin Chae, Hanyi Lee, Miran Jung, Kyuhong Lee, Moo-Song Lee, Younsuck Koh
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Over a few months in the spring of 2011, a cluster of patients with severe respiratory distress were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU). Household clustering was also observed. Extensive laboratory investigations failed to detect an infectious cause. <h3>Methods</h3> Clinical, radiological and pathological investigations were conducted and the Korean Center for Disease Control performed epidemiological studies. <h3>Results</h3> The case series consisted of 17 patients. Their median age was 35 (range 28–49) years. Six were pregnant at presentation and four had given birth 2 weeks previously. All presented with cough and dyspnoea. In the majority of patients (14/17), multifocal areas of patchy consolidation were identified in the lower lung zones on the initial CT. As the condition progressed, the patchy consolidation disappeared (10/13) and diffuse centrilobular ground-glass opacity nodules started to predominate and persist. Pathological specimens (11/17) showed a bronchiolocentric, temporally homogenous, acute lung injury pattern with sparing of the subpleural and peripheral alveolar areas. Ten patients required mechanical ventilation, eight of whom subsequently received extracorporeal life support. Four of the latter underwent lung transplantation. Five of the six patients in the ICU who did not receive lung transplantation died. An epidemiological investigation revealed that all patients had used humidifier disinfectants in their homes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This case series report showed that lung injury and respiratory failure can occur as a result of inhaling humidifier disinfectants. This emphasises the need for more stringent safety regulations for potentially toxic inhalants that might be encountered in the home.
Mumps outbreaks across England and Wales in 2004: observational study
Authors: Emma Savage, Mary Ramsay, Joanne White, Stuart Beard, Heather Lawson, Rashpal Hunjan, David Brown
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In October 1988, routine immunisation against mumps was introduced in the United Kingdom as a combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine for children aged 12-15 months. Although the incidence of mumps declined quickly, mathematical modelling supported the introduction of a second dose of MMR in 1996.1 In 1999, numbers of cases of mumps in teenagers in England and Wales began to rise. We report a further increase in the incidence of mumps in 2004.

Notifications of clinically diagnosed and laboratory confirmed mumps cases are collated for England and Wales by the Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections. Confirmed cases include those obtained by routine follow-up of all notified cases where IgM is detected in oral fluid.

In 2004, the number of mumps notifications in England and Wales increased to 16 436 from 4204 in 2003. A total of 8104 cases of mumps were confirmed in 2004, …
Large regenerative nodules and dysplastic nodules in cirrhotic livers: A histopathologic study
Authors: Katsunori Wada, Fukuo Kondo, Yoichiro Kondo
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

In order to reveal the precursor lesion of hepatocellular carcinoma, a histopathologic study was performed on 141 cases of liver cirrhosis with or without hepatocellular carcinoma. Exclusive of primary or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, 94 nodular lesions (greater than 5 mm) were detected in 53 cirrhotic livers. They consisted of 83 large regenerative nodules and 11 dysplastic nodules. Besides some common features with those observed in the former type, the dysplastic nodules presented increased cytoplasmic basophilia, nuclear and nucleolar enlargement, nuclear crowding, occasional microacinar formation and proliferation of the hepatocytes within fibrous septa. These changes were not substantial enough to allow the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. In one case, however, malignant transformation of hepatocytes was suspected because of their pattern of extranodular outgrowth. It is important to recognize these subtle abnormalities in order to define premalignant hepatic lesions. A possible connection between benign large regenerative nodules and dysplastic nodules is also discussed.
Social and Psychological Consequences of Obesity
Authors: THOMAS A. WADDEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The strong prejudice in this country against obese persons is evident in children as young as 6 years of age. There is discrimination against obese persons in both academic and work settings. Despite this discrimination, overweight persons in the general population show no greater psychological disturbance than do non-obese persons. Similarly, obese patients seen for medical or surgical procedures generally show no more psychopathology than do non-obese patients. Serious psychiatric disturbances associated with obesity include disparagement of body image and negative emotional reactions to dieting. Dieting may also be responsible for the increased incidence of bulimia observed in this country in recent years. Women, adolescent girls, and the morbidly obese appear to suffer the most deleterious consequences of society's contempt for the obese.