tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of the two human arginase genes in hyperargininemia. Enzymatic, pathologic, and molecular analysis.
Authors: W W Grody, C Argyle, R M Kern, G J Dizikes, E B Spector, A D Strickland, D Klein, S D Cederbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Previous studies in our laboratory and others have demonstrated in humans and other mammals two isozymes of arginase (AI and AII) that differ both electrophoretically and antigenically. AI, a cytosolic protein found predominantly in liver and red blood cells, is believed to be chiefly responsible for ureagenesis and is the one missing in hyperargininemic patients. Much less is known about AII because it is present in far smaller amounts and localized in less accessible deep tissues, primarily kidney. We now report the application of enzymatic and immunologic methods to assess the independent expression and regulation of these two gene products in normal tissue extracts, two cultured cell lines, and multiple organ samples from a hyperargininemic patient who came to autopsy after an unusually severe clinical course characterized by rapidly progressive hepatic cirrhosis. AI was totally absent (less than 0.1%) in the patient's tissues, whereas marked enhancement of AII activity (four times normal) was seen in the kidney by immunoprecipitation and biochemical inhibition studies. Immunoprecipitation-competition and Western blot analysis failed to reveal presence of even an enzymatically inactive cross-reacting AI protein, whereas Southern blot analysis showed no evidence of a substantial deletion in the AI gene. Induction studies in cell lines that similarly express only the AII isozyme indicated that its activity could be enhanced severalfold by exposure to elevated arginine levels. Our findings suggest that the same induction mechanism may well be operative in hyperargininemic patients, and that the heightened AII activity may be responsible for the persistent ureagenesis seen in this disorder. These data lend further support to the existence of two separate arginase gene loci in humans, and raise possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches based on their independent manipulation.
Radar-Induced Failure of a Demand Pacemaker
Authors: Ronald F. Yatteau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

PACEMAKERS have been subject to interference from a variety of sources. In the case reported below, pacemaker failure arose from commercial radar.Case ReportA 65-year-old man with angina pectoris was hospitalized for syncope. His previously normal electrocardiogram showed complete atrioventricular block, with a rate of 35 per minute. A bipolar electrode catheter was inserted and attached to a demand pacing unit.† He was then evacuated by air to Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center.The blood pressure was 164/74, and the pulse 86, with a regular rate. A transvenous pacing catheter was in place via the right brachial vein. The . . .
The transition to ventricular fibrillation induced by reperfusion after acute ischemia in the dog: a period of organized epicardial activation.
Authors: R E Ideker, G J Klein, L Harrison, W M Smith, J Kasell, K A Reimer, A G Wallace, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Ventricular fibrillation was induced in eight of 10 open-chest dogs by reperfusion after a 15-minute occlusion of the proximal circumflex coronary artery. Simultaneous recordings were made from 27 epicardial electrodes spaced over both ventricles. Analysis of the initial 1.5--2.5 seconds of the transition from sinus rhythm or ventricular tachycardia to fibrillation revealed that ventricular activation occurred in an orderly, rapidly repeating sequence in all hearts. Each activation from arose near the border of the ischemic-reperfused region and passed across the nonischemic portion of the ventricles to the opposite side of the heart as a single, organized wavefront. As the arrhythmia progressed, the time between the appearance of successive activation fronts on the epicardium decreased. Concurrently, the time for each activation front to traverse the ventricles increased. The stimulation increase in rate of appearance and decrease in conduction velocity for each successive cycle resulted in overlapping cycles in which a new activation front arose from the ischemic-reperfused region before the previous front terminated over the right ventricle. The overlap between successive activation fronts increased as the arrhythmia continued. Thus, ventricular activation during the transition to ventricular fibrillation arose near the border of the ischemic-reperfused region and was organized as it passed across the nonischemic tissue, but the body surface ECG appeared disorganized because of variable spacing between successive, coexistent activation fronts.
Diagnostic standards of tuberculosis--revised
Authors: J. G. Weg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE NEW Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis and other Mycobacterial Diseases 1 represents a major departure from previous classifications that evolved on the basis of scientific advances over the last 100 years. It reflects the results of more than two decades of experience with chemotherapy, which now can cure a very serious disease that formerly carried a lifelong threat of exacerbation and a mortality exceeding that of many cancers.  The new classification is based on the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. It is applicable to all in whom the diagnosis of tuberculosis is or should be considered. Characteristics have been selected that (1) assure an accurate diagnosis (ideally the identification of tubercle bacilli), (2) coincide with the appropriate medical response, whether it be no response, preventive therapy, or chemotherapy, (3) correlate best with prognosis, (4) contain necessary information for public health action, and (5) provide a uniform, functional, and practical means
A-IMilano apoprotein. Decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with significant lipoprotein modifications and without clinical atherosclerosis in an Italian family.
Authors: G Franceschini, C R Sirtori, A Capurso, K H Weisgraber, R W Mahley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Significant hypertriglyceridemia with a very marked decrease of high density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol levels (7-14 mg/dl) was detected in three members (father, son, and daughter) of an Italian family. The three affected individuals did not show any clinical signs of atherosclerosis, nor was the atherosclerotic disease significantly present in the family. Lipoprotein lipase and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activites were normal or slightly reduced. Morphological and compositional studies of HDL in the subjects showed a significant enlargement of the lipoprotein particles (approximately 120 vs. approximately 94 A for control HDL) and a concomitant increase in the triglyceride content. Analytical isoelectric focusing of HDL apoproteins provided evidence for multiple isoproteins in the apoprotein(apo)-A-I range, with nine different bands being detected instead of the usual four bands observed in normal subjects. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against apo-A antiserum indicated a clear reduction of apo-A in the alpha electrophoretic region, with splitting of the protein "peak." The observation in otherwise clinically healthy subjects of hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-cholesterol, and marked apoprotein abnormalities, without a significant incidence of atherosclerotic disease in the family suggests this is a new disease entity in the field of lipoprotein pathology, very probably related to an altered amino acid composition of the apo-A-I protein (see Weisgraber et al. 1980. J. Clin. Invest. 66: 901-907).
Targeting the Notch1 and mTOR pathways in a mouse T-ALL model
Authors: Kathleen Cullion, Kyle M. Draheim, Nicole Hermance, Jennifer Tammam, Vishva M. Sharma, Christopher Ware, George Nikov, Veena Krishnamoorthy, Pradip K. Majumder, Michelle A. Kelliher
Journal: Blood (2009)
Protein Kinase A (PKA)-Dependent Troponin-I Phosphorylation and PKA Regulatory Subunits Are Decreased in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Daniel R. Zakhary, Christine S. Moravec, Robert W. Stewart, Meredith Bond
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Most studies indicate that failing human hearts have greater baseline myofibrillar Ca 2+ sensitivity of tension development than nonfailing hearts. Phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I (TnI) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) decreases the affinity of the troponin complex for Ca 2+ , thus altering the Ca 2+ sensitivity of force production. We tested the hypothesis that PKA-dependent TnI phosphorylation is altered in the failing human heart and investigated changes in PKA regulatory subunits as a potential mechanism. Methods and Results —Using in vitro back-phosphorylation with [γ- 32 P]ATP, we demonstrated a significant ( P &lt;0.05) ≈25% reduction in baseline PKA-dependent TnI phosphorylation in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) compared with nonfailing (NF) human hearts. There was no significant difference in cAMP content or maximal PKA activity between DCM and NF hearts, but expression of the regulatory subunits of PKA-I (RI) and PKA-II (RII) was significantly decreased in DCM versus NF hearts (RI by ≈40%, P &lt;0.05; RII by ≈30%, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —PKA activity is regulated at the substrate level through interactions of PKA regulatory subunits with A-kinase anchoring proteins. The reduced baseline PKA-dependent phosphorylation of TnI in DCM may be due to decreased expression of RI and RII and consequently reduced anchoring of PKA holoenzyme. These findings provide new evidence of deficiencies in downstream regulation of the β-adrenergic pathway in the failing human heart and may account for increased baseline myofibrillar Ca 2+ sensitivity.
THE MANNER OF REMOVAL OF PROTEINS FROM NORMAL JOINTS
Authors: Walter Bauer, Charles L. Short, Granville A. Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

1. Data are presented showing that precipitin tests can be used for the detection of the proteins contained in egg white and horse serum in the blood stream and thoracic duct lymph following injection into the knee joints of normal dogs. The sera of rabbits immunized against the particular protein employed were used in doing the precipitin tests. 2. Egg white is removed only by way of the lymphatics, appearing more rapidly if the leg muscles are massaged. The removal is even greater from passively exercised joints. 3. Horse serum albumin is readily removed from a normal dog's knee joint by way of the lymphatics alone and with greater rapidity from a passively exercised joint. Horse serum globulin escapes from normal joints with great difficulty, if at all, and therefore does not readily gain entrance into the underlying lymphatic capillaries. 4. The molecular size of a protein readily gaining egress from a joint through the lymphatics is thus defined. 5. The relative sizes of the albumin and globulin molecules contained in horse serum are confirmed by in vivo experiments. 6. The lymphatic system is the essential apparatus for the removal of protein from joints, and any interference with this drainage should promote the formation of intraarticular effusion. The data presented suggest that a simple clinical test for determining the efficiency of the lymphatics draining a single joint can be devised.
Women's Health Care: Activist Traditions and Institutional Change
Authors: Deborah Kwolek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 April 1999Women's Health Care: Activist Traditions and Institutional ChangeDeborah Kwolek, MDDeborah Kwolek, MDUniversity of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. (Kwolek)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-8-199904200-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Weisman CS. 301 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 1998. $24.95. ISBN 0801858267. Order phone 800-537-5487.Field of medicine: Women's health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Health policy specialists and women's health care providers.Purpose: To examine the social and historical context of women's health as a recurring public issue in the United States and to consider the status of health care delivery to women and the incorporation of women's health issues into health care policy.Content: The book describes the women's health movement, with its rapid growth and acceleration in the 1990s, and places it in the historical context of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky. (Kwolek) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 8Page: 704KeywordsHealth careHealth care policyHealth care providersHealth care utilizationHealth information technologyHealth services researchObstetrics and gynecologyPublic policySoftware tools ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 20 April 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Electron microscopy of cell membranes
Authors: C. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1978)

reports on bronchodilator infusions which were given as initial therapy for acute asthma and for short periods only, where it would be a simple matter to change treatment for those who failed to respond.We cannot really contest his views on the ethical committee, which may apply criteria more stringent than elsewhere.The information presented in our paper suggested that a salbutamol infusion of 10 g/min is no more effective than the amino- phylline infusion, and Professor Grant may well be correct to state, as we inferred, that with adequate administration of nebulised bronchodilator drugs an intravenous infusion may not make a significant contribution to airway function.The analysis for significant differences in lung function between the two infusion groups included all the patients up to the time of withdrawal from the study if before 36 h.Dr Anderson assumes incorrectly that the data on those patients withdrawn before 36 h were not included in these analyses.The fact that of the six patients withdrawn from the salbutamol group before 36 h, two were responding faster than the group as a whole makes the response between the two groups less marked than Dr Anderson suggests.
Manhattan Country Doctor
Authors: M. Christian Meuli
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<i>Manhattan Country Doctor</i>is indeed about a country doctor who, after unsuccessfully searching for a rural practice in post-Depression Virginia, was told by his wife that "People are the same everywhere... so is medicine. You can be a country doctor in Manhattan." Dr Slocum is a trained journalist writing about his medical career, from his internship at Flowers Hospital in Manhattan and postgraduate studies in Vienna through the end of his career in Hell's Kitchen 35 years later (he "retired" to practice 15 more years in California). This easily read memoir is essentially a professional autobiography tracing the medical career of a country doctor through the multiplicity of learning experiences that led to his becoming a well-rounded physician. The book itself is composed of many short chapters, each dealing with an interesting aspect of the practice of medicine, such as hiring and working with office assistants (his wife always interviewed
LQT genotype–phenotype relationships: patients and patches
Authors: Arthur A.M. Wilde, Denis Escande
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Huang et al. [14] (pages 670–680) in this issue. 

The electrophysiological basis of the congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS), including both the Romano–Ward (RW) and the Jervell and Lange–Nielsen syndrome (JLN), relates to dysfunctioning ion channels, secondary to genetic aberrancies in their encoding genes (for review see Roden and Spooner [1]). Because these ion channels have different time and voltage characteristics gene-specific elements in clinical presentation have been searched for. Indeed, a gene-differentiating potential has been demonstrated, initially in small series and later confirmed in larger patient populations, for the morphology of ST-T segments [2–4] and for symptoms-related triggers [5–7]. To some extent also the clinical course including prognosis relies on the underlying gene defect [8]. Based on these data and other, more subtle differences [9], correct prediction of the genotype of clinically affected patients is feasible with reasonable accuracy. At present this prediction only refers to the causally related gene, i.e. KCNQ1, KCNH2 (HERG) or SCN5A and not to the site of a mutation within a specific gene. Recent data suggest, however, that, for example in LQT2/KCNH2 specific ST-T segment characteristics exist for the type and localization of mutations [4].

In LQT1 and LQT2 a reduction in respectively the slow and rapid component of the delayed rectifier (i.e. I Ks and I Kr) are believed to underlie the prolongation of the action potential and the QT interval. The voltage- and time-dependent characteristics of I Ks are dependent on the interaction of at least two transmembrane proteins, the pore-forming alpha subunit, encoded by KCNQ1 and a regulatory subunit IsK, encoded by KCNE1. Mutations in both genes have been demonstrated to be causally involved in RW and JLN syndrome. Homozygous mutations in either gene cause JLN syndrome and heterozygous mutations RW syndrome, LQT type … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-20-566-3265; fax: +31-20-697-5458 a.a.wilde{at}amc.uva.nl
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial DNA Injury in Patients With Unilateral Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Hari K. Bhat, William R. Hiatt, Charles L. Hoppel, Eric P. Brass
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have exercise limitation due to claudication-limited pain and metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle. PAD is also associated with oxidative stress, which is a known cause of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) injury. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that PAD is associated with mtDNA injury, as reflected by an increased frequency of a specific 4977–base pair (bp) mtDNA deletion mutation. Methods and Results —The deletion frequency was quantified in gastrocnemius muscle of 8 patients with unilateral PAD and 10 age-matched control subjects with the use of polymerase chain reaction methodologies. Muscle from the hemodynamically unaffected (less affected) PAD limb showed an 8-fold increased deletion frequency and the hemodynamically affected (worse affected) PAD limb had a 17-fold increased deletion frequency compared with muscle from control subjects. The frequency of the 4977-bp deletion in the worse-affected limb was positively correlated with the age of the patients but not the claudication-limited exercise performance of the patients. Total mtDNA content, citrate synthase activity, and cytochrome c oxidase activity were not different in the muscle from the 3 limb populations. However, the ratio of citrate synthase to cytochrome c oxidase was higher in the worse- versus less-affected limbs of PAD patients. Conclusions —The present study demonstrates a large increase in the frequency of the mtDNA 4977-bp deletion in patients with PAD but in a distribution not limited to the hemodynamically affected limb.
CDC to call for routine AIDS testing for people aged 13-64
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Adolescents, adults, and pregnant women in the United States should be routinely tested for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, said experts from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at a news conference last week that marked the 25th anniversary of the AIDS epidemic.

When finalized, the CDC's recommendations will be published in the next two months in the centre's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (www.cdc.gov/mmwr).

HIV testing should become as routine as measuring blood pressure and cholesterol, CDC officials said. New, …
Gamma-aminobutyric acid and weight control.
Authors: M Weller
Journal: BMJ (1981)

reliable information on the nature of the middle-ear process.As a simple and im- mediately pain-relieving measure it is there- fore highly recommended and should always be performed when treating a child with acute symptoms and fluid in the middle ear.Finally, nasal or oral decongestants of any type have not been established to have any beneficial effect in the prevention or treatment of either acute or secretory otitis media.7 Since, besides their well-known side effects, oral decongestants may even be harmful to the middle ear, they should not be routinely used for otitis media.
Occupational Airborne Exposure and the Incidence of Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma
Authors: Tomas M. L. Eagan, Amund Gulsvik, Geir E. Eide, Per S. Bakke
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Several prevalence studies have suggested an association between occupational exposure and respiratory symptoms and asthma, but there has been a lack of incidence studies to verify this. This study examined the incidence of respiratory symptoms and asthma in an 11-year Norwegian community cohort study with 2,819 subjects. Predictors examined were sex, age, educational level, lifetime exposure to quartz, asbestos, and dust or fumes, as well as smoking habits and pack-years. The prevalence of exposure to quartz, asbestos, and dust or fumes was, respectively, 3.7%, 5.0%, and 28.3% at baseline. In those exposed to dust or fumes, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) varied between 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) and 2.1 (1.3, 3.2) for developing respiratory symptoms or asthma after adjusting for sex, age, educational level, and smoking. Between 5.7% and 19.3% of the incidence of respiratory symptoms and 14.4% of the incidence of asthma were attributable to dust or fumes exposure after adjustment for sex, age, educational level, and smoking. In conclusion, airborne occupational exposure increases the incidence of respiratory symptoms and asthma, independent of sex, age, educational level, smoking habits, and pack-years.
Spurious Recurrence of Pulmonary Embolism After Streptokinase Therapy
Authors: CHARLES A. STEWART, GUO-LONG HUNG, COURTNEY WOODWORTH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A case of multiple bilateral pulmonary emboli, in which there was a good clinical response to heparin and streptokinase therapy, is presented. Follow-up perfusion scintigraphy showed resolution of perfusion defects and a new lobar defect. The appearance of new defects does not necessarily indicate therapeutic failure with re-embolization. New defects may occur with fragmentation of the central emboli or may represent spurious recurrence due to the changing hemodynamic patterns with resolving emboli.