tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of paraneoplastic pemphigus
Authors: J.V. Williams, J.G. Marks JR., E.M. Billingsley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Abstract Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease with circulating antibodies that bind the cell surface of the epidermis and other non-stratifying epithelia, and immunoprecipitate a complex of four or five proteins (250 kDa, 230 kDa, 210 kDa, 190 kDa and occasionally 170 kDa). 1, 2 Combinations of immunosuppressive agents are usually required to obtain even partial control of the skin lesions. 3 Mucous membrane lesions are refractory to treatment. We describe a patient with PNP whose skin and oral lesions are quiescent following treatment with oral mycophenolate mofetil.
Possible link probed: deafness and vitamin D
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Several years ago a 35-year-old Asian man went to the London Hospital with a two-year history of progressive bilateral deafness and tinnitus. Before otolaryngologists there could examine him, however, he was hospitalized for severe frontal headaches and underwent a full blood screen. Later, when otolaryngologist Gerald B. Brookes, MB, FRCS, looked at the results, he noticed that the plasma levels of inorganic phosphate, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase were abnormal, suggesting a bone disorder. "I didn't know what this meant, so I 'phoned up one of our metabolic physicians," recalls Brookes, who reported his work at the Sixth British Academic Conference in Otolaryngology in Bristol, England, during the summer. "He immediately asked me if the patient was Asian. It turns out, you see, that for some reason Asians in Britain are at particular risk for rickets and osteomalacia because of a vitamin D deficiency." Sure enough, when Brookes, senior registrar at
Immediate Care and Transport of the Injured
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This brief guide to the correct management and transportation of the injured covers, in a comprehensive but succinct fashion, the essential points. The major emphasis is placed on the preventive aspects of each situation, in particular the avoidance of further injury and death which may be caused by inexpert first-aid and rescue operations and speeding ambulances. The editor, and author of several chapters, attracted national attention through his studies of transportation of the injured in Flint, Michigan, and the successful program there which resulted. Considerable space is devoted to an explanation of why ambulances need not speed, how they should be equipped, laws which affect their operation, and a model ordinance for ambulance operation. The other 20 contributors discuss such subjects as the hospital emergency facility; civilian disasters; mass casualty management; and the emergency care of injuries to skiers, swimmers who dive, other athletes in contact sports, and industrial workers.
Evolution and clinical implications of the myofibroblast concept
Authors: G Gabbiani
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Time for primary review 21 days.

The phenomena of wound contraction and scar retraction are known since old ages (for review see [1]). In the first part of our century, the work of Carrel and Lecomte du Nouy has contributed to the notion that the forces producing wound contraction are generated within the granulation tissue itself [2]. These forces were generally considered to depend on extracellular matrix rearrangements; however, Abercrombie and co-workers reported, in the fifties, that fibroblasts exert tractional forces in vitro [3]. Similarly, Hoffmann-Beerling showed that addition of ATP to permeabilized fibroblasts in culture produces a contraction of their cytoplasm [4]. In this context, and in the context of emerging work on cytoskeleton morphology and function [5], the ultrastructural observation made in our laboratory in 1971 that during granulation tissue evolution fibroblasts acquire smooth muscle (SM) cell features, such as the presence of cytoplasmic microfilament bundles [6], lead to the proposition that these cells are the source of the force producing wound contraction, and probably connective tissue retraction during fibrotic phenomena. Shortly thereafter, it was shown that strips of granulation tissue isolated and placed in a pharmacological bath would contract and relax under the influence of substances which are known to be capable of contracting and relaxing SM cells [7, 8]. It is noteworthy (particularly because this observation has never been developed) that granulation tissues from different locations respond differently to the same agonist or antagonist stimulus, suggesting that the capacity to react with contraction to a given stimulus by fibroblastic cells depends on their location [8]. The name myofibroblast was suggested for this modified and possibly contractile fibroblast [7].

During the next few years, several laboratories reported by means of ultrastructural techniques the presence of myofibroblasts in several lesions … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +41 (22) 702–5742; Fax: +41 (22) 702–5746; E-mail: giulio.gabbiani@medecine.unige.ch
Rapid Screening Tests for HIV-Reply
Authors: Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  In our article, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid latex agglutination assay based on the results of 1220 serum samples in a test panel that had also been analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot testing. The performance of the latex assay in the field was then analyzed separately using serum samples from 1600 consecutive potential blood donors at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. The favorable results of the latex test in this African setting were discussed, but a calculated sensitivity and specificity were not provided, since not all 1600 serum samples had undergone Western blot analysis. Unfortunately, Drs Pachciarz and Barnes incorrectly state in their letter that Western blot tests were done only on African samples with positive latex agglutination tests. As clearly stated in the article, all of the Zairian samples were tested both by a commercially available licensed ELISA
Injection of Fibrin Tissue Adhesive Versus Laser Photocoagulation in the Treatment of High-Risk Bleeding Peptic Ulcers: A Controlled Randomized Study
Authors: W. Heldwein, W. Avenhaus, H. Schönekäs, H. Kaess, S. Müller-Lissner, B. Hasford, J. Hasford
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

Background and Study Aims: A controlled and randomized multicenter study was carried out in order to compare the efficacy of fibrin sealant and Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation in patients with high-risk arterial bleeding from peptic ulcers of the stomach and the small intestine.
US Abundance of Physicians and International Health
Authors: Ronald E. Pust
Journal: JAMA (1984)

American clinicians with careers encompassing both Third World and underserved American populations would benefit both regions and bring new perspectives to foreign policy and domestic health care problems. Application of the parallel concepts of Community-Oriented Primary Care and Health for All should help contain costs and extend access to appropriate clinical care both in the United States and abroad. As American physicians weigh their short- or long-term career options in the post-Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Council era, there is an urgent need both for a specific US policy on international health and for new partnerships to facilitate careers spanning domestic and Third World areas of need.
The Role of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies of Graves' Disease in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: S Filetti, A Belfiore, S M Amir, G H Daniels, O Ippolito, R Vigneri, S H Ingbar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

EXTENSIVE evidence indicates that thyrotropin stimulates the growth and function of differentiated thyroid carcinomas.1 These responses evidently reflect the presence in thyroid cancer cells of functioning thyrotropin receptors, which, on binding thyrotropin, mediate an increase in the cellular concentration of cyclic AMP, the second messenger for most actions of thyrotropin.2 3 4 The circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins characteristic of Graves' disease are antibodies against the thyrotropin receptor; like thyrotropin, they activate thyroid adenylate cyclase and cause the development in the intrinsically normal thyroid of the hyperfunction and hyperplasia characteristic of this disease.5 6 7 Therefore, it is of interest that according to clinical and laboratory . . .
SETting OP449 into the PP2A-Activating Drug Family
Authors: Paolo Neviani, Danilo Perrotti
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) tumor suppressor is inactivated in different leukemias through the activity of its endogenous inhibitors (e.g., SET), which are aberrantly regulated by oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Like other effective and nontoxic PP2A-activating drugs (PAD), OP449 inhibits SET and impairs leukemogenesis. This further supports the immediate use of PADs in patients with leukemia.
Clinical Urography: An Atlas and Textbook of Roentgenologic Diagnosis
Authors: Richard E. Buenger
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In the field of urology virtually every roentgenographic state, condition, and disease, and every rediological diagnostic method, is demonstrated or described in the second edition of Dr. Emmett's<i>Clinical Urography</i>. The text is skillfully outlined initially and clearly divided and concisely titled by section and paragraph for all students of the urinary tract, who should read the two volumes completely. On the other hand, for the specialist or reviewer of certain topics who wishes to avoid the detailed text, the drawings, diagrams, and uniformly excellent roentgenograms are completely captioned to form a concise, "internal" illustrated volume. Though primarily rediographic in nature—anatomic, embryological, and physiological data are provided in proper proportion. Not only is every rediologic procedure described as to technique, variations, and indications, but, most instructively, the errors to be avoided are illustrated. Many variant normal roentgenograms precede the pathological material in each section. Emphasis is placed on illustrating common
Dreams and sleep: Are new schemas revealing?
Authors: Peter J. Morgane, David J. Mokler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

In this series of articles, several new hypotheses on sleep and dreaming are presented. In each case, we feel the data do not adequately support the hypothesis. In their lengthy discourse, Hobson et al. represent to us the familiar reciprocal interaction model dressed in new clothes, but expanded beyond reasonable testability. Vertes &amp; Eastman have proposed that REM sleep is not involved in memory consolidation. However, we do not find their arguments persuasive in that limited differences in activity in REM and waking do not lend credence to the idea that memory consolidation occurs in one state and not the other. Solms makes an argument that dreams are generated from the dopaminergic forebrain based largely on pathological lesion studies in humans. We recognize that this argument has some intuitive appeal and agree with some of the tenets but we do not feel that the arguments are completely convincing due to the lack of anatomical controls, including symmetry and laterality. On the whole, there are interesting arguments put forward in these target articles but the evidence does not convince us that new vistas are opened. No Holy Grail of sleep here! [Hobson et al.; Solms; Vertes &amp; Eastman]
Controlling novel avian influenza A (H7N9) at animal sources
Authors: C. C. Leung, D. S. C. Hui, P. K. S. Chan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Qi and colleagues reported the first probable case of human to human transmission of the novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus.1 However, symptom guided laboratory investigations of contacts suggest that H7N9 has yet to acquire the ability to maintain sustained human to human transmission, even though …
Prophylactic Perioperative Sodium Bicarbonate to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury Following Open Heart Surgery: A Multicenter Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Michael Haase, Anja Haase-Fielitz, Michael Plass, Hermann Kuppe, Roland Hetzer, Claire Hannon, Patrick T. Murray, Michael J. Bailey, Rinaldo Bellomo, Sean M. Bagshaw
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

In a double-blinded randomized controlled trial, Anja Haase-Fielitz and colleagues find that an infusion of sodium bicarbonate during open heart surgery did not reduce the risk for acute kidney injury, compared with saline control.
The Electrocardiogram in Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Francis L. Giknis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  The value of the electrocardiogram in spontaneous pneumothorax to date rests largely with the negative information gained, usually the exclusion of an acute cardiac event as a cause for sudden chest pain or dyspnea. Positive information is available, though this is largely of academic interest, particularly where radiographic study is available. Under rare circumstances the ECG may be of some practical value.  In the tracings of a large number of cases of pneumothorax, the most prominent feature noted (by F.L.G.) was localized diminution of the QRS amplitude, particularly with a pneumothorax on the left.1Modest shifts in axis were sometimes noted which usually returned to the previous state with expansion. The changes cited were most likely due to loss of potential transmitted to the chest wall because of the insulating effect of air interposed between thoracic structures and chest wall. The loss of proximity potentials may
Interactive skeleton.: Sports and kinetic edition. P Abrahams, J Anderson, D Field. (Technical information: PC, Pentium processor, 16 MB Ram 16 bit or Hi Colour display; Windows 95,98 NT4.0; MAC, Powermac or better processor; 6 MB free Ram; thousands of color display; Mac OS 7.1 or higher. $99.) Primal Pictures Ltd (www.primalpictures.com). ISBN 1-902470-07-9.
Authors: Bruce Thompson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Bone density in elderly womenEDITOR,-In the article by Rhodes et al 1 "EVects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly women", I was surprised to see no mention of HRT status in the women in the trial.Given the relatively small number of women taking part, surely this is quite an important variable?
Electrokymographic Studies of the Left Atrium in Normal and Diseased Hearts
Authors: J. B. MCKINNON, BEN FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Electrokymographic tracings of left auricular pulsations in normal and diseased states are described. A characteristic abnormality observed in persons with organic mitral valve insufficiency is believed to be graphic evidence of regurgitation of blood from ventricle into atrium. Electrokymographic evidence of regurgitation was found in persons with mitral stenosis without an audible systolic murmur but instances of mitral stenosis without insufficiency were recorded. Patients with Austin Flint murmurs and individuals with murmurs mimicking mitral insufficiency showed uniformly normal atrial pulsations.
Fibrinolysis and Menstrual Bleeding
Authors: G. X. Trimble
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MBDIcanLJOURNAL 671 and other central teaching units, but is not always possible in the average district gen- eral hospital with which our article was mainly concerned.The great majority of children in hospital in Britain are not admitted to specialized teaching units but to district general hospi- tals, where shortage of nurses with specialist children's training is common, particularly at night.To state that it is "retrogressive" for children to be admitted to an all-age intensive therapy unit in these circum- stances is, I think, misleading, and shows a lack of appreciation of the difficulties under which many paediatric units in this country are working.Surely it is for each hospital to provide the best service possible for critically ill children in this category, depending upon availability of staff and facilities?The solu- tion to the problem basically depends upon the training of a greater number of nursing staff with specialist paediatric skills and their wide deployment throughout the country.Until this situation comes about, the trend towards the management of these children in a single all-age intensive ther- apy unit is likely to continue, and under these circumstances, it is of course, .mostimportant that the intensive therapy unit should be equipped and staffed with the care of child patients in mind.-Iam, etc.,
Unbalanced presentation of facts breaks UK drug adverts code
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The unbalanced presentation of information and the potentially misleading use of words formed the basis of most of the cases heard by the UK's Prescription Medicines Code of Practice Authority during the first quarter of this year.

The authority—established by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry to enforce its code of practice—ruled that the code had been …
Substance P and alveolar macrophages: effects on oxidative metabolism and eicosanoid production
Authors: M. Murris‐Espin, E. Pinelli, B. Pipy, P. Leophonte, A. Didier
Journal: Allergy (1995)

The tachykinin substance P (SP) is present in lung sensory nerve endings and may be released after neurogenic stimulation. Its role in the pathogenesis of asthma is still unclear. Nevertheless, it may play a major role in airway neurogenic inflammation. Alveolar macrophages are the predominant cells of the airway space and are involved in various types of airway inflammation. We studied guinea pig alveolar macrophage response to SP and other related peptide ( C ‐ and N ‐terminal sequences, NK1‐receptor agonist) stimulation. Alveolar guinea pig macrophages were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Macrophage reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production was studied by luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence with several concentrations of SP and related peptides. Eicosanoid synthesis after stimulation was evaluated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SP, C‐terminal sequence, and NKl‐receptor agonist significantly increased ROI production by alveolar macrophages (P&lt;0.01). NK1 ‐agonist and C‐terminal sequence modified arachidonic acid metabolism and induced a significant increase in prostaglandin (PG)D 2 synthesis (211% and 66%, respectively). We concluded that SP and related peptides directly affect guinea pig alveolar macrophages by inducing the production of inflammatory metabolites.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a signaling protein in long-term tolerance by dendritic cells
Authors: Maria T Pallotta, Ciriana Orabona, Claudia Volpi, Carmine Vacca, Maria L Belladonna, Roberta Bianchi, Giuseppe Servillo, Cinzia Brunacci, Mario Calvitti, Silvio Bicciato, Emilia M C Mazza, Louis Boon, Fabio Grassi, Maria C Fioretti, Francesca Fallarino, Paolo Puccetti, Ursula Grohmann
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease.
Authors: G Rose
Journal: BMJ (1981)

1968 70 72 74 76 77 FIG 1-Age-adjusted death rates from coronary heart disease (ICD, 8th revision, 410-14) among men aged 35-74 in various countries.Australia and the United States at the start of the period they were high, but they have fallen by some 25%.In England and Wales they started a little short of the American and Australian rates and have shown little change.The Japanese owe their low rates not to their genes but to their way of life: when they move to America they rather quickly acquire American rates.The large recent declines in Australia and the United States must surely be due largely to a declining incidence of disease, since
Changing social-class distribution of heart disease
Authors: T R E Pilkington
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Changing social-class distribution of heart disease SIR,-Dr M G Marmot and others (21 October, p 1109) have reported that changes in "con- sumptions of sugar and, to a lesser extent, milk" may be related to changes in social-class mortality from heart disease (non-valvular and hypertensive)-not in prevalence, as the title of the article might suggest.Their food data from the National Food Survey Commit- tee do not take into account possible social- class differences and changes in food con- sumption outside the home.Global epidemiological evidence on total consumptions indi- cates that milk is more likely than sugar to be aetiologically implicated in ischaemic heart disease.'
A noninvasive method to measure splanchnic glucose uptake after oral glucose administration.
Authors: B Ludvik, J J Nolan, A Roberts, J Baloga, M Joyce, J M Bell, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We have developed a noninvasive method to estimate splanchnic glucose uptake (SGU) in humans (oral glucose clamp technique [OG-CLAMP]), which combines a hyperinsulinemic clamp with an oral glucose load (oral glucose tolerance test). We validated this method in 12 nondiabetic subjects using hepatic vein catheterization (HVC) during an oral glucose tolerance test. During HVC, splanchnic blood flow increased from 1,395 +/- 64 to 1,935 +/- 109 ml/min, returning to basal after 180 min and accounted for 45 +/- 7% of SGU in lean and 19 +/- 5% in obese subjects (P < 0.05). SGU estimated during the OG-CLAMP was 22 +/- 2% of the glucose load, and this was significantly correlated (r = 0.90, P < 0.0001) with SGU (35 +/- 4%) and with first pass SGU (24 +/- 3%; r = 0.83, P < 0.001) measured during HVC. SGU was higher in obese than in lean subjects during OG-CLAMP (27 +/- 1% vs 18 +/- 3%, P < 0.01) and HVC (44 +/- 4% vs 26 +/- 5%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, SGU during the OG-CLAMP is well correlated to SGU measured during HVC. An increase in splanchnic blood flow is a major contributor to SGU in lean subjects. SGU is increased in obese subjects as measured by both methods.
In Vitro Study and In Vivo Application of a Reusable Double-Channel Sphincterotome
Authors: R. A. Kozarek, S. L. Raltz, J. J. Brandabur, D. J. Patterson, T. J. Ball, M. G. Gluck, S. E. Sumida, S. K. Roach, D. E. Drajpuch, D. L. Irizarry
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been deemed to be a “cost-prohibitive” procedure, based upon the cumulative costs of one-time-use accessories and current reimbursement plans. One-time-use sphincterotomes comprise a significant component of that cost and, accordingly, we evaluated the disability and clinical usefulness of a recently introduced reusable double-channel sphincterotome.