tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin III Prevents and Rapidly Reverses Leukocyte Recruitment in Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Lena Ostrovsky, Richard C. Woodman, Derrice Payne, Diane Teoh, Paul Kubes
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background P-selectin has recently been shown to be essential for leukocyte rolling after the reperfusion of ischemic mesentery. However, the mediators responsible for neutrophil rolling in ischemic microvessels remain entirely unclear. Methods and Results Intravital microscopy was used to examine leukocyte kinetics in a feline mesentery ischemia/reperfusion model. Sixty minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion caused a profound increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion. Pretreatment with the endogenous antithrombotic agent antithrombin III (ATIII) infused as a bolus (250 U/kg) reduced neutrophil rolling and adhesion to preischemic levels during reperfusion. No effect was seen with heat-inactive ATIII. Importantly, ATIII posttreatment also significantly reduced neutrophil rolling and adhesion during reperfusion, suggesting that ATIII can reverse the leukocyte recruitment response induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Vascular permeability was also reduced by 50% after ATIII administration. To determine whether ATIII could reverse thrombin-induced rolling directly, neutrophil rolling was performed on human endothelium in flow chambers. Indeed, thrombin-induced rolling, but not histamine-induced rolling, could be rapidly reversed with ATIII on endothelium, suggesting that ATIII affects thrombin rather than directly affecting neutrophils or the endothelium. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time that thrombin plays an important role in ischemia-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion and that ATIII can be used therapeutically postreperfusion to attenuate the leukocyte recruitment response in inflammation without the nonspecific effects associated with anti–adhesion molecule therapy.
A single lineage of r2 retrotransposable elements is an active, evolutionarily stable component of the Drosophila rDNA locus
Authors: W. C. Lathe, T. H. Eickbush
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

R2 elements are non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons that insert specifically in the 28S rRNA genes of many insects. Previous reports concerning this element in the genus Drosophila have suggested that R2 elements are absent from many species of this genus, particularly those species from the subgenus Drosophila. In this report, we present an extensive study of the distribution and evolution of R2 elements in Drosophila. A PCR survey of 59 species from 23 species groups of the two major Drosophila subgenera found that R2 elements are present in all but two species of the melanogaster species subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of R2 elements from 23 species demonstrates that the relationships of R2 elements are congruent with those of the Drosophila species phylogeny, suggesting that these elements have been vertically inherited since the divergence of this genus some 60 MYA. Sequence variation between different copies of R2 elements within each species was less than 0.16%, indicating that these elements are undergoing concerted evolution similar to that of the 28S genes. Several properties of the R2 sequences suggest that these elements depend on retrotransposition in addition to simple recombination to remain within the rDNA locus: the rates of synonymous substitutions averaged 4.8 times the rate of replacement substitutions, 82 of 83 R2 copies partially sequenced contained intact open reading frames, and, finally, length variation associated with the poly(A) 3' tails indicated that many R2 copies are the direct result of retrotransposition.
Influence of a Defoaming Agent upon the Hematological Complications of Pump Oxygenators
Authors: ROE WELLS, M. STELLAN BYGDEMAN, ALI A. SHAHRIARI, JACK M. MATLOFF, Robert P. Geyer, Dwight E. Harken
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Measurements of plasma hemoglobin values were made at many different sites of a Cross-Kay disk pump oxygenator during extracorporeal bypass in patients undergoing reparative valve surgery. Hemoglobin values were always higher in the line of the aspirator and defoaming chamber than in any other part of the system. Sampling immediately proximal and distal to the defoaming chamber revealed significant increases in plasma hemoglobin values as a result of the defoaming process. Studies of the hematological effects of the defoaming agent, polymethylsiloxane, which coats the disposable stainless steel sponge in the defoaming chamber, showed it greatly reduced the resistance of red cells to lysis by mechanical trauma. Similar studies of plasma showed the hemolytic effects of the defoaming agent are to some extent mediated by the plasma. It is concluded that the widely used defoaming agent, polymethylsiloxane, contributes to the hemolytic action of the bubbling, suctioning, and defoaming processes during open heart surgery. The addition of a water soluble surfactant material, that stabilizes emulsions (Pluronic F68), blocked or prevented the hemolytic process without interfering with the action of the antifoam material.
The influence of microwave radiation on transdermal delivery systems
Authors: H. MOSELEY, S. JOHNSTON, A. ALLEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

It has been alleged that the exposure of a transdermal delivery system to leakage of microwave radiation from a domestic microwave oven can result in the user receiving a second-degree burn in the area of the patch. Several transdermal delivery systems were exposed to microwave radiation from an Electro Medical Supplies Microtron 200 microwave diathermy unit. Temperature rises of up to 2.2 degrees C were recorded at a maximum power density of 800 W/m2. These temperature rises were considered insignificant compared to that required to produce a burn. The exposure of transdermal delivery systems to a microwave diathermy field or lower level leakage radiation from a microwave oven is unlikely to cause direct thermal injury to the wearer.
Human Circulating Endorepellin LG3 Fragment and Breast Density: A Potential Combination with Screening Mammography in Women with Dense Breast.
Authors: J. Lee, J. Lee, E. Yang, W. Han, W. Han, C. Lee, D. Noh, D. Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract (Background) In vitro studies have reported that the endorepellin LG3 fragment (ERLG3F), which is matrix-derived endogenous anti-angiogenic factor, can be a circulating biomarker candidate for breast cancer. This study examined the plasma ERLG3F levels in breast cancer patients and normal healthy controls, and evaluated its potential roles as a screening biomarker for breast cancer (Methods) ERLG3F levels were determined by competitive ELISA in the plasmas from prospectively constructed independent cohorts (train and test set) from July 2006 to September 2007 for the Biomarker Discovery Project (funded by 21C Frontier Functional Proteomics Program of South Korea). The Breast Cancer Cohort (BC) (n=366) has plasmas drawn preoperatively; the Healthy Control Cohort (HC) (n=305), drawn when volunteers visited our Healthcare Center for medical check-up. Circulating ERLG3F, mammography, and the combining marker (CM) of both were evaluated for their performance of identifying breast cancer in the train set and verified again in the test set. (Results) Decreased ERLG3F levels were observed in the individual plasmas from BC compared to the HC. The decrease was significantly prominent in patients without axillary lymph node metastasis (negative vs. positive), young age (&amp;lt; 50 vs. ≥50 yr), and dense breast (mammographic density Gr 3 or 4 vs. 1 or 2). We used a cutoff level, which correspond to 2SD below the mean ERLG3F in total healthy controls. ERLG3F significantly improved the performance of mammography in distinguishing breast cancer cases from healthy controls, although it is less sensitive than mammography as a single marker. (Conclusion) We conclude that ERLG3F can be a useful diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer and its role can be even better when used for young women with dense breast for whom mammography is less helpful. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3026.
A filtration model for study of leukocyte transit in the microcirculation
Authors: Louis Mc K. Tanner, Robert B. Scott
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1976)

Abstract In order to study characteristics of leukocytes which would be important determinants of their flow in the microcirculation, a model system was tested which utilizes in vitro filtration of leukocytes. Normal human peripheral blood leukocytes (85–90% granulocytes) were studied with filters with uniform 8 μm pore size. Studies were performed to determine the effects of EDTA, temperature, hydrostatic pressure, pH, and osmolarity on filtration. Filterability was optimal at 0.2% EDTA, 10 cm hydrostatic pressure, neutral pH, isotonicity, and at room temperature. Filtration was slowed greatly at leukocyte concentrations exceeding 25 × 19 9 /liter. When leukocyte membranes were altered by formalin fixation, filtration slowed greatly, indicating that deformability is an important determinant of flow through small orifices. When mixtures of erythrocytes and leukocytes were filtered, there was a paradoxically enhanced transit of leukocytes compared to filtration of leukocytes alone, indicating interactions between these cells which alter flow. These studies serve to characterize this model system which can be used to study the contribution to flow in the microcirculation of both normal and pathological leukocytes.
Severe Amnesia After Hypoglycemia: Clinical, Psychometric, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlations
Authors: John Chalmers, Margaret T A Risk, David M Kean, Robin Grant, Bryan Ashworth, Ian W Campbell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine the correlation between clinical, psychometric, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings after an episode of hypoglycemic coma resulting in amnesia. Research Design and Methods Detailed psychometric assessment, especially memory testing, performed with MRI in a man with severe amnesia after hypoglycemic coma. Results Psychometric testing confirmed impaired immediate recall. MRI findings were consistent with a lesion in the left temporal lobe. Conclusions This is the first description of MRI in determining the neurological damage in hypoglycemic coma.
Alterations in myocardial tissue factor expression and cellular localization in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Björn Szotowski, Petra Goldin-Lang, Silvio Antoniak, Vladimir Y. Bogdanov, Delano Pathirana, Matthias Pauschinger, Andrea Dörner, Uwe Kuehl, Sarah Coupland, Yale Nemerson, Michael Hummel, Wolfgang Poller, Roland Hetzer, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Ursula Rauch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Results of Immediate Surgical Treatment of All Acute Type A Dissections
Authors: M. P. Ehrlich, M. A. Ergin, J. N. McCullough, S. L. Lansman, J. D. Galla, C. A. Bodian, A. Apaydin, R. B. Griepp
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Surgery for acute type A aortic dissection is associated with a high mortality rate and incidence of postoperative complications. This study was designed to explore perioperative risk factors for death in patients with acute type A aortic dissection.One hundred twenty-four consecutive patients with acute type A aortic dissection between 1984 and 1998 were reviewed. All underwent operation with resection of the intimal tear and open distal anastomosis: 107 patients had surgery within 24 hours and 17 patients had surgery within 72 hours of symptom onset. Median age was 62 years (23 to 89); 89 were men. Forty-three patients had ascending aortic replacement only, 72 had hemiarch repair, in 2 the entire arch was replaced, and in 7 replacement included the proximal descending aorta. The aortic valve was replaced in 54 patients, resuspended in 52, and untouched in 18. Hospital mortality rate was 15.3% (19 of 124): of these, 3 patients died during surgery, 4 had fatal rupture of the distal aorta before discharge, and 2 died of malperfusion-related complications. Multivariate analysis revealed age >60, hemodynamic compromise, and absence of hypertension as preoperative indicators of hospital death (P:<0.05); the presence of new neurological symptoms was a significant preoperative risk factor in univariate analysis. Ominous intraoperative factors included contained hematoma and a comparatively low esophageal temperature but not cerebral ischemic time (mean 32 minutes). The site of the intimal tear did not influence outcome, but mortality rate was higher with more extensive resection: 43% with resection including the descending aorta died versus 14% with only ascending aorta or hemiarch replacement. Overall 5- and 10-year survival was 71% and 54%, respectively; among discharged patients (median follow-up 41 months) survival was 84% and 64% versus expected US survival of 92% and 79%.Immediate surgical treatment of all acute type A dissections with resection of the intimal tear and use of hypothermic circulatory arrest for distal anastomosis results in acceptable early mortality rates and excellent long-term survival.
Occupational upper airway disease: how work affects the nose
Authors: V. Hox, B. Steelant, W. Fokkens, B. Nemery, P. W. Hellings
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Chronic inflammation of the upper airways is common and can arbitrarily be divided into rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Infection and allergy represent two well-characterized and most frequently diagnosed etiologies of upper airway inflammation. Persistent upper airway inflammation caused by agents inhaled in the work environment represents a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice, and its pathophysiology has been little studied. Occupational rhinitis is a recognized medical condition with diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. In contrast, only limited evidence is available about the relationship between work exposures and rhinosinusitis. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the available literature on occupational upper airway disease with a focus on pathophysiological mechanisms and with an emphasis on the current unmet needs in work-related upper airway disease.
Elsevier improves access to its products in 100 developing countries
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers in more than 100 developing countries will be able to access the entire collection of books and journals published by Elsevier free or at low cost, the Access to Research and Development Programme has announced. 

The programme, which is coordinated by the World International Property Organisation, a United Nations agency, and of which Elsevier is a founder partner, provides cheaper access to research findings for academic institutions in poorer countries.

Selected Elsevier journals have been available under the programme before, but this is now to be extended to all its journals and books. Alicia Wise, director of universal access at Elsevier, said, “We are delighted to extend our partnership with the WIPO and in this way …
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Temporary Transvenous Pacemakers
Authors: Robert D. Patton, Bruce Kenamore, Emanuel Stein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

SEPSIS, especially that due to Staphylococcus aureus, is a well recognized complication of intravenous polyethylene catheters.1 2 3 4 5 6 Infection rates may be reduced by early removal and by application of local antibiotic ointment to the area of the skin puncture.7 Temporary cardiac pacing catheters should prove liable to a similar rate of infection, and furthermore, since these catheters usually cannot be removed or replaced every 48 to 72 hours, additional means for reducing infection therefore appear necessary.Many physicians use prophylactic antibiotics during insertion of valvular prostheses or permanent pacemakers, but only limited information is available in controlled studies.8 The widespread use . . .
Evaluation of Aortic Insufficiency in Humans with a Transcutaneous Doppler Velocity Probe.
Authors: Paul D. Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Evaluation of Aortic Insufficiency in Humans with a Transcutaneous Doppler Velocity Probe.Paul D. Thompson, B.E.E., Robert G. Mennel, A.B., Horace MacVaugh III, M.D., Claude R. Joyner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Paul D. Thompson, B.E.E., Robert G. Mennel, A.B., Horace MacVaugh III, M.D., Claude R. Joyner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-781_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCineaortography provides a semiquantitative preoperative assessment of aortic regurgitation which may differ considerably from the actual finding at operation. This study reports the use of the transcutaneous ultrasonic Doppler velocity probe as a more precise yet nontraumatic technique for the preoperative quantitative assessment of aortic regurgitation and is an extension to humans of our previously reported work on the use of this technique for the detection of experimentally produced reversible aortic regurgitation in dogs. In 16 subjects aortic flow velocity was monitored using a 2.25 MHz transducer directed toward the ascending aorta from the suprasternal notch. Aortic flow velocity was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Paul D. Thompson, B.E.E.; Robert G. Mennel, A.B.; Horace MacVaughIII, M.D.; Claude R. Joyner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDoppler Echocardiography: Theory, Instrumentation, Technique, and ApplicationEchocardiography: An overviewClinical diagnosis by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasoundNoninvasive assessment of mitral insufficiency by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound.Aortic Velocity Patterns Using Transcutaneous Doppler UltrasoundAssessment of aortic insufficiency by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound. 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5 Page: 781-781 Keywords Aorta ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Distinct seromarkers predict different milestones of chronic hepatitis B progression
Authors: Jessica Liu, Hwai-I Yang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Richard Batrla-Utermann, Chin-Lan Jen, Sheng-Nan Lu, Li-Yu Wang, San-Lin You, Chuhsing Kate Hsiao, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Spontaneous seroclearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA undetectability are important milestones of chronic hepatitis B and major treatment endpoints of antiviral therapy. This study investigated the role of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels and established models for predicting HBeAg seroclearance and HBV DNA undetectability. A total of 2,139 HBsAg-seropositive, anti-HCV-seronegative, and treatment-naïve participants without liver cirrhosis at study entry were included. Spontaneous HBeAg seroclearance and HBV DNA undetectability were analyzed in 431 HBeAg-seropositive participants and 1,708 HBeAg-seronegative participants, respectively. Regression coefficients of predictors in Cox proportional hazard models were converted into integer scores for predicting seroclearance and predictive accuracy was assessed with time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The HBV DNA level was the most important predictor of HBeAg seroclearance but serum HBsAg level was the most significant predictor of HBV DNA undetectability. Compared to individuals with HBsAg levels ≥ 10,000 IU/mL, the multivariate-adjusted rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of HBV DNA undetectability was 1.20 (0.62-2.30), 2.49 (1.31-4.75), and 6.08 (3.19-11.61) for those with serum HBsAg levels of 1,000-9,999, 100-999, and <100 IU/mL, respectively. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of the prediction models for predicting the 5- and 10-year probabilities of HBeAg seroclearance and HBV DNA undetectability were 0.85 (0.80-0.90) and 0.78 (0.73-0.83) for HBeAg seroclearance, and 0.77 (0.72-0.82) and 0.73 (0.70-0.76) for HBV DNA undetectability.Prediction models incorporating important host and virus factors can predict HBeAg seroclearance and HBV DNA undetectability. Serum HBsAg levels rather than HBV DNA is the most important predictor of spontaneous HBV DNA undetectability. Serum HBsAg levels should be monitored in the management of patients with HBeAg-seronegative chronic hepatitis B.
Release of nitrogen oxides from cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells is not impaired by calcium channel antagonists.
Authors: A Mügge, T Peterson, D G Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The endothelium-derived relaxing factor has been shown to be nitric oxide or a related nitroso compound, synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthetase, which oxidizes the guanidono nitrogens of arginine. This enzyme is activated by increases in cytosolic calcium. The effect of the clinically used calcium channel antagonists on this process is controversial. The present study was performed to determine whether calcium channel blockade with these pharmacologic agents would alter the activity of nitric acid synthetase in intact endothelial cells. METHODS AND RESULTS A specific and sensitive chemiluminescence assay was used to measure the release of nitrogen oxides (nitric oxide and one-electron oxidation products of nitric oxide) from bovine aortic endothelial cells grown in culture. Under basal conditions, the release of nitrogen oxides was about 0.2 nmol/100 micrograms protein/hr. Bradykinin doubled this response. Removal of extracellular calcium abolished basal and bradykinin-stimulated release of nitrogen oxides. Neither diltiazem, verapamil, nor nifedipine in concentrations that are encountered clinically altered the release of nitrogen oxides. CONCLUSIONS These experiments show that although the production of nitrogen oxides is dependent on extracellular calcium, the clinically used calcium channel antagonists do not inhibit the release of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor.
Case 41-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Roger J. May, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 39-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a gastric mass.There was a history of polyarthritis, which began at the age of 19 years and was accompanied by occasional episodes of crampy lower abdominal pain that was sometimes associated with diarrhea, with the infrequent passage of small amounts of blood. Seventeen years before admission the patient was admitted to another hospital because of persistent polyarthritis. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 37 mm per hour, and a test for rheumatoid factor was negative. An intravenous urographic examination showed anterolateral displacement of the ureters; an upper . . .
Maternal Cytomegalovirus Excretion and Perinatal Infection
Authors: David W. Reynolds, Sergio Stagno, Thomas S. Hosty, Mary Tiller, Charles A. Alford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract A prospective study of pregnant women revealed cytomegalovirus excretion from urine or cervix in 12 per cent. Increasing rate of infection with advancing gestation, stable antibody titers and absence of viremia suggested localized infection. Infection present at birth was not documented in any infants, but 40 per cent born to mothers excreting cytomegalovirus in cervical secretions near delivery ultimately became infected. The constancy of the intervals from birth to onset of virus excretion and the lack of evidence for postnatal transmission suggest that infection was acquired at delivery. Acquisition and initial replication of virus occurred despite appreciable levels of maternal antibody. The subsequent rise in antibody titers documents recent infection, but in spite of continued antibody production, chronic viral excretion in throat and urine was observed. These data indicate that most infants infected with cytomegalovirus in the perinatal period are asymptomatic, and continuing infection occ...