tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measuring blood pressure in children
Authors: Chris Bird, Colin Michie
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In theory should be routine, but in practice is rare

Although the theory behind measuring blood pressure in children is well known, in practice it is rarely done. One review stated that “measurement of blood pressure is now firmly established as an important component of the routine paediatric physical examination,”1 but studies in practice prove otherwise. In the United States and Australia, between 5.3% and 66% of children attending emergency departments had their blood pressure measured,2 3 4 and in the United Kingdom this figure was about 9%.5 It is almost automatic to measure blood pressure in adults in the emergency department, so why are we so bad at doing this in children?

Firstly, measuring blood pressure in children is more difficult than in adults—for example, readings are likely to be falsely high in crying toddlers, normal ranges for blood pressure are often not displayed on the clinic wall, and an appropriately sized cuff may not be available in the triage room. Secondly, if a child is in shock, capillary refill time is easier and quicker to measure and, …
LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC INTERDEPENDENCE DEMONSTRATED BY LEFT VENTRICULAR EMPTYING AND FILLING RATES BY GATED SPECT MPI
Authors: William Lane Duvall, Lori B. Croft, Samantha Buckley, Eric Ginsberg, Tapan Godiwala, Thomas M. Klein, Eric Stern, Milena J. Henzlova, Martin E. Goldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
FDA rejected contraception for political reasons
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The US Food and Drug Administration “created a regulatory catch 22 to justify the predetermined political decision to block over the counter sales of [the emergency contraceptive] Plan B [levonorgestrel],” representative Henry Waxman, a California Democrat, claimed last week.

He sent a seven page letter relying on “previously undisclosed documents” to Andrew von Eschenbach, the acting commissioner of the FDA. In the letter he charges that the FDA “created the situation it now protests as too complex to solve” and “seriously mischaracterised …
Is bird fancier's lung associated with coeliac disease?
Authors: D J Hendrick, J A Faux, B Anand, J Piris, R Marshall
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Precipitin responses to different avian serum antigens occur in bird fancier9s lung (BFL) and coeliac disease. Failure to distinguish between them could encourage an erroneous diagnosis of BFL in patients with coeliac disease, and the recent suggestion that these two disorders are strongly associated may be questioned, partly for this reason. In the present study small bowel biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 of a series of 14 patients proved to have BFL by inhalation provocation tests. None was suggestive of coeliac disease. Of a further 61 patients with biopsy-proved coeliac disease, seven were found to be exposed currently and 33 formerly to birds. As a result of clinical evaluation, BFL was considered a possible cause of undue breathlessness reported by three of the current bird fanciers only, and all underwent inhalation provocation tests. One alone gave positive results. We conclude that if a real association does exist between these two disorders, its clinical importance has been greatly exaggerated.
Virus Hunting, AIDS, Cancer, and the Human Retroviruses: A Story of Scientific Discovery
Authors: L. Warwick Coppleson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

When an eminent scientist, caught up in a major international scientific dispute, writes a book for wider than scientific readership, it may be assumed that he has something to say that goes beyond the parameters of his research. Dr Robert Gallo, discoverer of the first human cancer virus, and at the center of the discovery of the cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has written a rather strange and interesting book that covers a range of topics and makes fascinating reading on the whole. Dr Gallo says that "the subject of this is scientific research, not public controversy" and that he "did not write this book to answer his critics...." However, in the body of the text, he has not been able to resist carefully producing his evidence as to the facts of all the major controversies. In the epilogue, in particular, he expresses some of his concerns very
Psychiatry and the Criminal Law System
Authors: JOHN M. SUAREZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

To date the interaction between psychiatry and the criminal law system has been frustrating and unproductive. This failure is explained on the basis that psychiatry has always become involved at the request of the legal system and, worse, that its tasks and roles have been delineated and defined by the legal system. Psychiatry has accepted this uncritically and unimaginatively. The author reviews the basic steps of the criminal process and suggests newer and broader approaches for psychiatric collaboration at each level.
A RATING SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE CLINICAL EFFECTS OF LOBOTOMY
Authors: SIDNEY L. SANDS, WILLIAM MALAMUD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

We have demonstrated the application of a clinical psychiatric rating scale to a specific problem, namely the evaluation of the effects of lobotomy upon schizophrenia. Our primary concern was the presentation of a technique and tool which assist the clinical psychiatrist to determine with greater accuracy the quantity as well as the quality of the changes occurring in the course of disease and as a result of therapy. We recognize that in this study a relatively small number of patients were involved. If, however, we ourselves and other workers elsewhere carry on with this endeavor we feel that we shall arrive at a better understanding of the psychopathology of schizophrenia and what we may hope for as a result of our treatment methods. We believe the rating scale can aid in this direction because of the following advantages: 1. The patient is rated in terms of his own premorbid personality rather than in comparison with a theoretical average normal or average schizophrenic. 2. It permits of a more accurate definition of the manifestations of the disease process by indicating the quantity and direction of the disturbances occurring in particular functions. 3. It enables us to evaluate the effects of a given method of therapy in 2 different, but highly important areas: (a) upon symptoms produced by the disease itself, and (b) upon personality functions not necessarily involved in the disease process.
Rest in underperforming elite competitors.
Authors: Y Koutedakis, R Budgett, L Faulmann
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1990)

This study examines the effects of 3-5 weeks of physical rest on selected physical, physiological and psychological parameters obtained from 12 Olympic but latterly underperforming competitors and their matched control subjects. Cardiorespiratory data were directly determined from their work to volitional exhaustion on either a treadmill, cycle, or rowing ergometer. Anaerobic power and capacity were evaluated through modified Wingate tests. For psychometric assessments, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) was used. For the Olympic competitors, one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant increases (p less than 0.05) in body weight, maximum respiratory exchange ratio, maximum oxygen consumption, and heart rate at the anaerobic threshold, following the rest period. There was also a significant reduction in fatigue and mood profile score, and a significant increase in vigour. No significant changes were found in the matched control subjects. The present data show that resting for 3-5 weeks assists underperforming elite competitors to improve their aerobic performance.
Increase in consultant staffing
Authors: B A Lieberman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

epidemiological data since the answers being given are worthless for this.One must conclude therefore that this must be a further attempt at restricting abortion by attempting to dissuade doctors from performing abortions for anything other than strict medical con- ditions.This is against the repeated wishes of Parliament, the medical profession, and opinion polls and is an attempt to limit the clinical freedom of a doctor.This new form needs to be abandoned and any new one introduced only after consideration of the existing law and the views of people knowledgeable about the subject and with a clear idea of its intentions.
Dynamic training of skeletal muscle ventricles. A method to increase muscular power for cardiac assistance.
Authors: N W Guldner, H C Eichstaedt, P Klapproth, M H Tilmans, S Thuaudet, V Umbrain, K Ruck, E Wyffels, M Bruyland, M Sigmund
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle can be used for cardiac assistance after electrical stimulation over a period of several weeks. This will adapt it to do chronic work with no resulting fatigue. The result of this procedure, however, is a reduction of 80% in muscle power, &gt; 60% in muscle mass, and approximately 85% in contractile speed. To minimize these disadvantages, the following study was done to develop and test a method to dynamically train skeletal muscle ventricles (SMVs). METHODS AND RESULTS Barrel-shaped SMVs were tested in 15 Jersey calves. They were made from the latissimus dorsi muscle, which was wrapped around an elastic silicone training device. Six SMVs were used extrathoracically in a single layer and nine intrathoracically in a double layer. With dynamic training preserving contractile speed, the output increased to approximately 5 L/min, the systolic pressure increased to &gt; 200 mm Hg, and power developed to approximately 10 W after 3 months of dynamic training. The contractile speed of dynamically trained SMVs was between 250 and 700 mm/s. The diameter of the latissimus dorsi muscle increased to three times that of the corresponding contralateral muscle. CONCLUSIONS The combination of electrical conditioning with dynamic training of the SMVs resulted in a strong muscle pump that did not develop fatigue. Dynamic training for skeletal muscle represents a new and promising method for providing powerful autologous cardiac assist.
The Introduction of Systematic Genomic Testing for Patients with Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Stephanie Cardarella, Taylor M. Ortiz, Victoria A. Joshi, Mohit Butaney, David M. Jackman, David J. Kwiatkowski, Beow Y. Yeap, Pasi A. Jänne, Neal I. Lindeman, Bruce E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Epinephrine Reaction Treated With Nitroglycerin
Authors: Yu-Chen Lee
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Although serious reactions from epinephrine are rare, the use of large doses or the accidental injection of epinephrine intravenously may cause excessive increase in blood pressure with possible cerebral hemorrhage, acute pulmonary edema, and ventricular arrhythmia. 1,2 It is well known that rapidly acting vasodilators, such as nitrites, may counteract the marked pressor effects induced by epinephrine. 1 However, the beneficial effect of nitrates upon ventricular arrhythmias induced by epinephrine is not as well appreciated. The following communication describes a severe epinephrine reaction manifested by marked rise of blood pressure and ventricular arrhythmia which responded favorably to nitroglycerin.  Report of a Case:—  A 45-year-old Negro man was brought to the University of Maryland Hospital accident room on March 22, 1967, complaining of pain in the left wrist after he had fallen on the ice. A roentgenogram revealed a fracture at the base of the first metacarpal bone.
Maternal Health and Congenital Defect
Authors: Alison D. McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ANIMAL experiments have shown that exposure of pregnant females to certain noxious agents may result in death or malformation of their progeny. In women rubella during early pregnancy is associated with certain defects in the fetus, but little is known of the importance of other infections or environmental factors. Investigations of the influence of maternal health during the first few months of pregnancy have been unsatisfactory when made after the birth of the child; an accurate history of events six to nine months earlier is difficult to obtain, and bias is introduced by the mother's knowledge of the outcome. For . . .
Altered phosphorylation and Ca2+-sensitivity of myofilaments in human heart failure
Authors: W Schillinger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

See article by Van der Velden et al. [18] ( pages 37 -47)changer and the myocyte experiences a net Ca gain, in this issue.which triggers a substantial positive inotropic response.However, after b-adrenergic receptor stimulation the reb-Adrenergic receptor stimulation in the heart induces a sulting increase in force was found to be less than should 21
A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE VARIOUS METHODS EMPLOYED FOR ENUMERATING BLOOD PLATELETS.
Authors: JOSEPH H. PRATT
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The two chief characteristics of the blood platelets are their marked tendency to undergo speedy dissolution in shed blood and their property of adhering to one another and to foreign objects. These characteristics explain the difficulties that have been experienced in attempts to count accurately the number of platelets. The early investigators used various preserving fluids in their attempts to prevent the disappearance of the platelets from freshly drawn blood, and the counts were made with the ordinary hematocytometer. The results were regarded as so unsatisfactory by Halla<sup>1</sup>that he concluded from his study that it was impossible to determine the absolute number of blood platelets, and that the relative number could be estimated best in fresh preparations. Only a few years ago Türck<sup>2</sup>employed the same procedure, evidently because he regarded even the newer methods of counting the platelets as quite untrustworthy. The investigations of Eberth and
Methods for Evaluating Changes in Health Care Policy
Authors: Justin B. Dimick, Andrew M. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Herpes Zoster in the Age of Focused Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Richard J. Whitley
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metabolic predictors of obesity. Contribution of resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fuel utilization to four-year weight gain of post-obese and never-obese women.
Authors: R L Weinsier, K M Nelson, D D Hensrud, B E Darnell, G R Hunter, Y Schutz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

This prospective study was designed to identify abnormalities of energy expenditure and fuel utilization which distinguish post-obese women from never-obese controls. 24 moderately obese, postmenopausal, nondiabetic women with a familial predisposition to obesity underwent assessments of body composition, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure, and fuel utilization in the obese state and after weight loss (mean 12.9 kg) to a post-obese, normal-weight state. The post-obese women were compared with 24 never-obese women of comparable age and body composition. Four years later, without intervention, body weight was reassessed in both groups. Results indicated that all parameters measured in the post-obese women were similar to the never-obese controls: mean resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and fasting and postprandial substrate oxidation and insulin-glucose patterns. Four years later, post-obese women regained a mean of 10.9 kg while control subjects remained lean (mean gain 1.7 kg) (P < 0.001 between groups). Neither energy expenditure nor fuel oxidation correlated with 4-yr weight changes, whereas self-reported physical inactivity was associated with greater weight regain. The data suggest that weight gain in obesity-prone women may be due to maladaptive responses to the environment, such as physical inactivity or excess energy intake, rather than to reduced energy requirements.
Alexithymia and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Piero Porcelli, Graeme J. Taylor, R. Michael Bagby, Massimo De Carne
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

Although the alexithymia construct was derived from observations of patients with classical psychosomatic diseases, empirical studies have found only a moderate association between alexithymia and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Indeed, there is some evidence that alexithymia may be associated more strongly with functional somatic symptoms than with the psychosomatic diseases. The present study examined the relationship between alexithymia and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in a group of 121 FGID patients, and compared the results with findings from a group of 116 IBD patients and a group of 112 healthy subjects.The subjects completed the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.The FGID group was significantly more alexithymic than the IBD group, and the two gastrointestinal groups were more alexithymic than the normal healthy group. These differences remained even after controlling for the influence of education, gender, anxiety, depression and gastrointestinal symptoms.The finding of a high rate of alexithymia (66%) in the group of FGID patients is consistent with the propensity of these patients to somatization and to high levels of poorly differentiated psychological distress.
Medical Detection in the 21st Century
Authors: Abigail Zuger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

“What the detective story is about,” said the great British mystery writer P.D. James in a 1986 interview, “is not murder but the restoration of order.” The same might be said for the medical version of the detective story, the report of a successful investigation into an outbreak of infection. A pathogen attacks a population, and epidemiologists restore order. The fascination of the story lies not so much in the details of the disease as in the process of diagnosis and control.In this issue of the Journal, Martin et al. (pages 1112–1121) add a particularly satisfying chapter to the . . .
Thoracic Spine Fracture With Paralysis
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc, William N. Jones, William H. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. William Harris: A 49-year-old man apparently had been crushed between an elevator and the sidewall of the elevator shaft while doing some repair work. When he was brought to the emergency ward shortly after the accident, he was awake but not fully responsive. His blood pressure was 130/70 mm Hg. A large ecchymotic area was noted on the left side of the neck and the left shoulder. There were paradoxical rib movements bilaterally. The chest had been so badly crushed that the cardiac impulse made the sternum and anterior chest wall thrust forward with each beat. Examination of the abdomen revealed a mass in the left upper quadrant. Aspirations of the abdomen in all four quadrants were negative. Sensation, including the perianal region, was completely absent below the dermatome level of T-11. He had total motor paralysis of the lower limbs. No reflexes were present in the lower extremities.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS ON UNINVOLVED SKIN IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS. 'ELASTIC VERSUS' RETICULAR 'FIBRILS'
Authors: F. Guerra Rodrigo, Gerson Cotta-Pereira, D.J. Riches
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS ON UNINVOLVED SKIN IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS. ‘ELASTIC VERSUS’ RETICULAR ‘FIBRILS’ Get access F. Guerra Rodrigo, F. Guerra Rodrigo Laboratory of Cell Bioloyg, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, OeirasDermatologic clinic, Faculty of Medicine Lisbon, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gerson Cotta‐Pereira, Gerson Cotta‐Pereira Laboratory of Cell Bioloyg, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, OeirasDermatologic clinic, Faculty of Medicine Lisbon, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Riches D.J. Riches Laboratory of Cell Bioloyg, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, OeirasDermatologic clinic, Faculty of Medicine Lisbon, Portugal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 5, 1 November 1973, Pages 543–545, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb03020.x Published: 01 November 1973
The Medical Library as a Patient Aid
Authors: Jack Fabian
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Being on the other side of the library door and in a busy office and hospital practice faced with anxious, ill, and well patients, I must add a note of caution to the concluding sentence of Ms Lindner's1article inJAMA, which states, Patients will be more satisfied with their care as they become more knowledgeable and participate in the decision-making process.  This is certainly a popular philosophy as we veer away from the paternalistic role model of physician-assisted health care. I believe that this sentence should have the word some in front of it. Many patients are not physically, intellectually, psychologically, or emotionally equipped to deal with a trip to the library. Such a trip may create a whole new subset of problems for the patient and those attempting to provide good health care. If this sort of activity is to be done and encouraged,
Upper abdominal pain in pregnancy Immediate admission is inappropriate
Authors: S Wookey, H N Morris, M Johnson, P Steer, J Price
Journal: BMJ (1994)

some extent on results from women with both mild and moderate dyskaryosis.In particular, Soutter and Fletcher's overview made no comparison between surveillance and immediate colposcopy2; this only confirms that women with some degree of dyskaryosis have a relatively high rate of invasive disease.2