tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ischemia-Induced Coronary Collateral Growth Is Dependent on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Toshiro Matsunaga, David C. Warltier, Dorothee W. Weihrauch, Melinda Moniz, John Tessmer, William M. Chilian
Journal: Circulation (2000)

We hypothesized that ischemia-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the production of NO stimulate coronary collateral growth.To test this hypothesis, we measured coronary collateral blood flow and VEGF expression in myocardial interstitial fluid in a canine model of repetitive myocardial ischemia under control conditions and during antagonism of NO synthase. Collateralization was induced by multiple (1/h; 8/d), brief (2 minutes) occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 21 days. In controls, collateral blood flow (microspheres) progressively increased to 89+/-9 mL. min(-1). 100 g(-1) on day 21, which was equivalent to perfusion in the normal zone. Reactive hyperemic responses (a measure of the severity of ischemia) decreased as collateral blood flow increased. In N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)- and L-NAME+nifedipine-treated dogs, to block the production of NO and control hypertension, respectively, collateral blood flow did not increase and reactive hyperemia was robust throughout the occlusion protocol (P<0.01 versus control). VEGF expression (Western analyses of VEGF(164) in myocardial interstitial fluid) in controls peaked at day 3 of the repetitive occlusions but waned thereafter. In sham-operated dogs (instrumentation but no occlusions), expression of VEGF was low during the entire protocol. In contrast, VEGF expression was elevated throughout the 21 days of repetitive occlusions after L-NAME. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the predominant splice variant expressed was VEGF(164).NO is an important regulator of coronary collateral growth, and the expression of VEGF is induced by ischemia. Furthermore, the induction of coronary collateralization by VEGF appears to require the production of NO.
Subconjunctival Sodium Hyaluronate 2.3% in Trabeculectomy
Authors: João F. Lopes, Marlene R. Moster, Richard P. Wilson, Undraa Altangerel, Heryberto S. Alvim, Melissa G. Tong, Joann Fontanarosa, William C. Steinmann
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Implications for Health Care Policy
Authors: Roger W. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Before 1973, selection of patients with end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) for treatment was necessary because of inadequate medical and financial resources. Patients were selected based partly on social worth rather than medical suitability. In 1973 ESRD patients became eligible for Medicare benefits, eliminating the financial barrier to treatment. Using data from two national surveys of hemodialysis patients in 1967 and 1978, two social and demographic profiles of patients illustrate the effect of extension of Medicare benefits on composition of the dialysis patient population. These data indicate that problems of patient selection have been resolved, and ESRD patients now have equal access to medical care. Nevertheless, there is growing pressure for cost efficiency for the ESRD program in the tightening economic climate. This may lead again to some form of restriction for future access to dialysis therapy.
Managing established coronary heart disease
Authors: M. Moher, T. Schofield, E. Fullard
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Department of Health's controversial banding system for promoting health in primary care was discontinued at the end of September 1996. Under the new arrangements for health promotion each practice has the opportunity to plan and develop its own effective health promotion strategy, based on the Health of the Nation and the needs of the practice's population.

In any new strategy for promoting health, priority should go to implementing preventive measures in patients with established coronary heart disease, such as a history of myocardial infarction or stable angina or having undergone revascularisation by angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting. This view has been echoed by two recent reports on preventing coronary heart disease in primary care.1 2 The reasons are threefold.

Firstly, patients with established coronary heart disease are at increased risk of subsequent vascular events (death, myocardial infarction, and stroke). In the British regional heart study 14% of 242 men with electrocardiographic signs of definite myocardial infarction had reinfarctions over the 4.2 year follow up, compared with only 2% of those with normal electrocardiograms.3

Secondly, these high risk patients amount to some two to three million people in Britain, and it has …
SPONTANEOUS HEMORRHAGES IN NEWBORN CHILDREN.
Authors: ISAAC A. ABT
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Hemorrhages into various tissues and organs and from mucous surfaces are observed in newborn children. Two varieties occur: 1, Traumatic or accidental hemorrhage; 2, spontaneous hemorrhage. The traumatic or accidental hemorrhages are due to external causes. The pressure exerted on the head during a long sojourn in the narrow birth channel is one of the most frequent causes. The trauma thus incurred may give rise to hemorrhage between the pericranium and the cranial bones, causing cephalohematoma, or the hemorrhage may occur within the cranial cavity into the brain or meninges. The application of forceps is not an infrequent cause of intracranial hemorrhage. Spencer,<sup>1</sup>who had an opportunity to study 130 cases at autopsy, concluded that this was one of the most common causes of this deplorable accident. Nevertheless, the asphyxia which results during the birth of a child and the congenital weakness of the vessel walls
SODIUM AND FLUID REMOVAL VIA THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT USING CLP-1001, AN ORAL, NON-ABSORBED, CROSS-LINKED ACRYLIC ACID POLYMER, IN HEART FAILURE IS NOT DEPENDENT ON CONCOMITANT USE OF AN ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST
Authors: Howard C. Dittrich, Julie Iwashita, Jean Chang, Scott Thomson, Thomas H. Oliphant, David Smith, Joel M. Neutel, Detlef Albrecht, F. John Gennari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Medicine as a Social Instrument: Military Medicine
Authors: Tom F. Whayne, Joseph H. McNinch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE twentieth century has been an era of far-reaching extension of the frontiers of medicine. In this, military medicine has had a conspicuous part. The range from the very modest resources and knowledge with which the medical responsibilities of the Spanish-American War were met to the vast global medical enterprises of World War II exemplifies the progress of medicine in general. Military medicine is such a complex of skills and so closely interwoven with the total practice of medicine that any effort at concise evaluation of the influence of military and civilian medicine on each other is likely to become . . .
Physical Activity to Combat Depression in Chronic Heart Failure—Reply
Authors: James A. Blumenthal, Michael A. Babyak, David J. Whellan
Journal: JAMA (2012)

In Reply: Dr Sossai and Mr Sponga suggest that we consider race and heart failure severity as potential moderators of treatment in the HF-ACTION trial1 and that we examine more thoroughly the relationship between exercise adherence and depressive symptoms measured by the BDI-II.
Account of 1,000 Consecutive Deliveries in a General Practice Based on a Type of Maternity Unit
Authors: C. H. Stewart-Hess, T. H. H. Green
Journal: BMJ (1962)

The College policy on this matter is that the specialist, the general-practitioner obstetrician, and the midwife 'will be brought into close relationship with each other and in the fullest sense work together as a team.'"-From the report of a Committee appointed by the Royal College of
THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF GOUT.
Authors: THOMAS B. FUTCHER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

(B) URIC-ACID METABOLISM IN GOUT AND THE THEORIES OF GOUT PRODUCTION.  There is undoubtedly marked disturbance of nitrogenous metabolism in gout. Since the adoption of the classification of purins into the endogenous and  varieties, too little time has elapsed and too few researches have been published to draw absolute conclusions as to how the metabolism of each is affected in this disease. The studies of Reach, Kaufmann, Vogt and Chalmers Watson show that in gout the exogenous nuclein is more slowly excreted than in health, and that in some cases there is a distinct retention. Vogt compared the results of rich purin-holding food on a gouty patient and a healthy individual at the same time. The gouty patient showed retention and delayed excretion of the purin bodies. It can be safely admitted, therefore, that exogenous purins lead to the excess of nuclein derivatives in the blood stream. It
The Pathology of Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: D. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1884)

954.2HB.BRT 12 15' 188 decays and yields, then, the htatute, of' the valvular lesion, whether static or progressive, ceases to be of mueh impartance ; themoral failure ia then the object of our thoughts.If there be really fatty degenera- tion spreadin through the heart-wall, then all our efforts w-ill in no long time be futile to stave off,the inevitable failure of the ventricle in disatole.Butletmeimpressupoi youthisfact, that the heart, as amuscle, is liable to be affected by mslassimilation, or general defective nutri- tWS, and may-be temporarily weakened in consequence.Such a con- dition I have described as " Heart-Starvation ;" a term which holds its, own, despite the not very polite remarks of one critic, who per- haps wrote in haste.Another critic in speaking of this matter says: "
Termination of Inpatient Treatment of Anorexia nervosa
Authors: K. Engel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Following some general theoretical considerations, the paper empirically addresses the question of termination of inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa. It identifies those factors which have been the causes of unsuccessful treatment (including fatal outcome) and which must therefore be taken into account, especially when terminating therapy. It is not the improvement of weight and somatic symptoms which turns out to be an adequate criterion for discharge, but rather the capability for generating new social relationships. The wish to go back to live with one's parents (when they did not participate in the therapy) or to live alone must not be accepted, following inpatient treatment.
A hypomorphic allele of ZAP-70 reveals a distinct thymic threshold for autoimmune disease versus autoimmune reactivity
Authors: Lih-Yun Hsu, Ying Xim Tan, Zheng Xiao, Marie Malissen, Arthur Weiss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

ZAP-70 is critical for T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Tyrosine to phenylalanine mutations of Y315 and Y319 in ZAP-70 suggest these residues function to recruit downstream effector molecules, but mutagenesis and crystallization studies reveal that these residues also play an important role in autoinhibition ZAP-70. To address the importance of the scaffolding function, we generated a zap70 mutant mouse (YYAA mouse) with Y315 and Y319 both mutated to alanines. These YYAA mice reveal that the scaffolding function is important for normal development and function. Moreover, the YYAA mice have many similarities to a previously identified ZAP-70 mutant mouse, SKG, which harbors a distinct hypomorphic mutation. Both YYAA and SKG mice have impaired T cell development and hyporesponsiveness to TCR stimulation, markedly reduced numbers of thymic T regulatory cells and defective positive and negative selection. YYAA mice, like SKG mice, develop rheumatoid factor antibodies, but fail to develop autoimmune arthritis. Signaling differences that result from ZAP-70 mutations appear to skew the TCR repertoire in ways that differentially influence propensity to autoimmunity versus autoimmune disease susceptibility. By uncoupling the relative contribution from T regulatory cells and TCR repertoire during thymic selection, our data help to identify events that may be important, but alone are insufficient, for the development of autoimmune disease.
Risk factors for asthma in young adults: a co‐twin control study
Authors: S. F. Thomsen, C. S. Ulrik, K. O. Kyvik, K. Larsen, L. R. Skadhauge, I. E. Steffensen, D. L. Duffy, V. Backer
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: The liability to asthma is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for asthma in young adult twin pairs during an 8‐year period. Methods: From the birth cohorts 1953–1982 of the Danish Twin Registry, 6090 twin pairs who were initially unaffected with respect to asthma at a nationwide questionnaire‐based study in 1994 participated in a similar follow‐up study in 2002. Subjects were regarded incident asthma cases when responding affirmatively to the question ‘Do you have, or have you ever had asthma'? in 2002. Pairs in which only one twin developed asthma – discordant pairs – were identified and conditional logistic regression was applied to detect effects of risk factors. Results: A total of 126 monozygotic (MZ) and 273 dizygotic (DZ) discordant twin pairs were identified. In MZ twins hay fever (OR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.29–7.73, P = 0.007) and exercise (OR for inactivity = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13–0.91, P = 0.023) were significantly associated with asthma, whereas in DZ twins, hay fever (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.44–4.13, P = 0.001), eczema (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.02–3.78, P = 0.040), female sex (OR between males and females = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.80, P = 0.002), and increasing levels of body mass index (BMI; OR per unit = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.20, P = 0.009) were significant predictors of asthma. Conclusions: Hay fever, eczema, female sex, exercise and increasing levels of BMI were risk factors for asthma in young adults. The different risk profile observed in MZ twins compared with DZ twins may reflect an underlying genetic vulnerability shared between those risk factors and asthma.
[778] AMELIORATION OF NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) AND THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN DIABETIC COHEN RATS IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED PANCREATIC INJURY
Authors: E. Zigmond, S.W. Zangen, O. Pappo, L. Zolotarov, I. Raz, Y. Ilan, M. Margalit
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
P17.82 * ITGA6 IS INVOLVED IN RADIORESISTANCE OF GLIOBLASTOMA STEM CELLS
Authors: E. Stanzani, F. Martinez-Soler, P. Gimenez-Bonafe, N. Vidal, A. Tortosa
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: In the last decade, the cancer stem cell hypothesis has gained progressively agreement towards researchers. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumour initiating cells (TICs) are considered to be responsible for tumor initiation, propagation and therapeutic resistance. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumour in adults, TICs are related with chemo- and radioresistance. Integrins are cell surface receptors involved in the crosstalk of tumoral cells with their extracellular matrix (ECM). In particular integrin α6 (ITGA6) is known to be extremely important in embryonic, hematopoietic and neural stem cells. In brain it is involved in maintaining adhesion to the ventricular zone and ensures proper cell division. Besides, recently it has been proposed as a functional marker of TICs. Given the raising evidence of the ECM and perivascular niche role in the maintenance and guidance of TICs, we focused on ITGA6 to determine whether ITGA6 expression is associated with radiation-resistance of TICs in glioblastoma patients. METHODS: Four different GBM cultures obtained from post-surgical specimens were growth in two different growth conditions: a differentiating FBS-containing media and an FBS-free media supplemented with bFGF and EGF which is considered to be selective for TICs. Self-renewal capability and proliferative potential has been evaluated. Tumour initiating capability has been assessed through injection of low number of cells in immunocompromised mice. ITGA6 expression has been analyzed at RNA and protein levels. TICs have been sorted in order to get a population enriched for ITGA6high cells and dose-response to ionizing radiation (IR) has been evaluated and compared to ITGA6low cells by clonogenic assays. RESULTS: TICs have shown noticeable self-renewal capability, extensive proliferative potential, and a remarkable radioresistance compared to the same primary cultures maintained under differentiated conditions. In TICs, ITGA6 RNA and protein levels were statistically significant higher than in differentiated glioblastoma cells. In addition, this expression is decreasing consistently when TICs were cultured under differentiating conditions. Response to radiotherapy assessed by the clonogenic surviving fraction showed that ITGA6high cells are remarkably more radioresistant than ITGA6low cells (p < 0.001). In addition, ITGA6high cells showed a higher α/β ratio than ITGA6low cells (30 Gy vs. 6 Gy, respectively). In conclusion, these results suggest that ITGA6 is involved in the radioresistant phenotype of glioblastoma stem cells.
Phenylbutazone and Leukaemia
Authors: H. J. Woodliff, L. Dougan
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDIBRNTLSHAL incision, and a large clot was found behind the placenta.During the operation very free bleed- ing of non-clotting blood was occurring from the cut tissues.Suspecting fibrinogenopenia a bottle of triplc-strength plasma was made up, and after the second bottle of blood was through this was infused under positive pressure, taking 10 minutes to do so.Shortly after this, cardiac arrest occurred as the abdomen was being closed.The chest was opened through the 5th left interspace, and internal cardiac massage was applied.The usual stimulants were given and after two to three minutes a spontaneous heart beat was restored.The chest was closed some 30 minutes later.After a relatively uneventful puerperium she was discharged home with her baby 20 days after operation, with no ill effects.
Primary Care and Accountable Care — Two Essential Elements of Delivery-System Reform
Authors: Diane R. Rittenhouse, Stephen M. Shortell, Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

With discussions about U.S. health care reform focused heavily on insurance reforms, relatively little attention has been paid to the delivery-system reforms that will be required to improve the quality and coordination of health care and slow the growth of spending. The "patient-centered medical home" (PCMH) and the "accountable care organization" (ACO) are two widely discussed models for delivery-system reform that take complementary approaches to achieving these goals. The PCMH model emphasizes the creation of a strong primary care foundation for the health care system, and the ACO model emphasizes the alignment of incentives and accountability for providers across the . . .
Comparison between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity based on chemicals evaluated in the IARC monographs.
Authors: H Bartsch, L Tomatis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The qualitative relationship between carcinogenicity and mutagenicity (DNA-damaging activity), based on chemicals which are known to be or suspected of being carcinogenic to man and/or to experimental animals, is analyzed using 532 chemicals evaluated in Volumes 1-25 of the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans. About 40 compounds (industrial processes) were found to be either definitely or probably carcinogenic to man, and 130 chemicals have been adequately tested in rodents and most of them also in various short-term assays. For a comparison between the carcinogenicity of a chemical and its behavior in short-term tests, systems were selected that have a value for predicting carcinogenicity. These were divided into mutagenicity in (A) the S. typhimurium/microsome assay, (B) other submammalian systems and (C) cultured mammalian cells; (D) chromosomal abnormalities in mammalian cells; (E) DNA damage and repair; (F) cell transformation (or altered growth properties) in vitro. The following conclusions can be drawn. In the absence of studies in man, long-term animal tests are still today the only ones capable of providing evidence of the carcinogenic effect of a chemical. The development and application of an appropriate combination of short-term tests (despite current limitations) can significantly contribute to the prediction/confirmation of the carcinogenic effects of chemicals in animals/man. Confidence in positive tests results is increased when they are confirmed in multiple short-term tests using nonrepetitive end points and different activation systems. Assays to detect carcinogens which do not act via electrophiles (promoters) need to be developed. The results of a given short-term test should be interpreted in the context of other toxicological data. Increasing demand for quantitative carcinogenicity data requires further examination of whether or not there is a quantitative relationship between the potency of a carcinogen in experimental animals/man, and its genotoxic activity in short-term tests. At present, such a relationship is not sufficiently established for it to be used for the prediction of the carcinogenic potency of new compounds.
PRINCIPLES OF PROGNOSIS IN CANCER
Authors: WILLIAM CARPENTER MacCARTY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

My thesis rests on a conviction that it is a mistake, with present knowledge, to use any one criterion as the basis of clinical prognosis in cancer. It is such immature clinical utilization of scientific observations which discredits science and impedes its rightful progress. I bring this subject up because of recent literature on the grading of cancers. It is perfectly legitimate and proper to attempt grading; and various criteria should be recorded individually and collectively and studied. The facts, however, which my associate. Dr. Broders, and I have presented over a number of years, although they have scientific interest and furnish a better understanding of the behavior of cancer, should not be used for practical prognosis regardless of other important and well known clinical factors. From my own clinical and pathologic experience there are at least fifteen factors governing prognosis in cancer. I shall describe them briefly in the
1987 The Year Book of Vascular Surgery
Authors: Bruce J. Brener
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Most American vascular surgeons read the same journals:<i>American Journal of Surgery, Annals of Surgery, Archives of Surgery, Journal of Vascular Surgery, Surgery, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics</i>, etc. How many of us read the internal medicine literature, foreign journals, or journals of laboratory science? When was the last time you leafed through the<i>Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine</i>, the<i>Indian Heart Journal</i>, or Headache? Drs John Bergan and James Yao and their 15 contributing editors have selected, summarized, and evaluated 300 articles chosen from 3500 spewed from a bibliographic search. Sixty-seven journals are represented from North America, Europe, and Asia. South American and African articles are missing! The selection process was done skillfully, the authors choosing articles on the traditional subjects as well as the more obscure. (Who chose the article entitled "Effect of Garlic on Experimental Atherosclerosis in Rabbits" from the<i>Indian Heart Journal</i>?) The object of