tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OVARIAN INFECTION IN THE DOMESTIC FOWL AND DIRECT TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE TO THE OFFSPRING
Authors: Leo F. Rettger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Ovarian infection and germinal transmission of disease have been conclusively demonstrated in our investigations of bacillary white diarrhea in the common domestic fowl. The disease, which has caused so much loss to the poultry industry in recent years, primarily affects young chicks that are but a few weeks old. Chicks which survive frequently become permanent bacillus carriers, the ovary being the important seat of infection. The eggs from such carriers often harbor the organism of the disease in the yolk. Chicks that develop in infected eggs become in turn infected, and have the disease at the time of hatching. The disease is transmitted to normal chicks through the infected droppings; thus an epidemic is produced, and the cycle of infection is completed. There is no evidence to indicate that germinal transmission through the male takes place. In view of the frequent negative results bearing on this question it seems probable that it does not.
Increasing Utilization of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Mortimer M. Bortin, Mary M. Horowitz, Alfred A. Rimm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To determine the pattern and frequency of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from related and unrelated donors from 1988 to 1990. ▪ Design and Setting: Survey of 342 institutions in 47 countries. ▪ Measurements: Numbers of patients receiving bone marrow transplantation for specific disease categories at institutions with active allogeneic bone marrow transplant programs. ▪ Main Results: Patients (14 745) received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation between 1988 and 1990; of these, 1153 (8%) were from unrelated donors. Reasons for transplantation were acute leukemia (47%), chronic myelogenous leukemia (27%), lymphoma and other malignancies (10%), severe aplastic anemia (9%), and other nonmalignant diseases (7%). The number of allogeneic bone marrow transplants per million persons differed among countries, averaging 7.7 per million in North America and 5.7 per million in western Europe. ▪ Conclusions: The use of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation continued to increase at a rate of more than 600 additional patients and 25 new transplant teams annually. This rise is due in part to increasing use of unrelated volunteers as donors. Resources allocated for transplants vary widely among countries.
Susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice expressing exclusively apolipoprotein B48 or apolipoprotein B100.
Authors: M M Véniant, V Pierotti, D Newland, C M Cham, D A Sanan, R L Walzem, S G Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

All classes of lipoproteins considered to be atherogenic contain apo-B100 or apo-B48. However, there is a distinct paucity of data regarding whether lipoproteins containing apo-B48 or apo-B100 differ in their intrinsic ability to promote the development of atherosclerosis. To address this issue, we compared the extent of atherosclerosis in three groups of animals: apo-E-deficient mice (apo-B+/+apo-E-/-) and apo-E-deficient mice that synthesize exclusively either apo-B48 (apo-B48/48apo-E-/-) or apo-B100 (apo-B100/100apo-E-/-). Mice (n = 25 in each group) were fed a chow diet for 200 days, and plasma lipid levels were assessed throughout the study. Compared with the levels in apo-B+/+apo-E-/- mice, the total plasma cholesterol levels were higher in the apo-B48/48apo-E-/- mice and were lower in the apo-B100/100apo-E-/- mice. However, the ranges of cholesterol levels in the three groups overlapped. Compared with those in the apo-B+/+apo-E-/- mice, atherosclerotic lesions were more extensive in the apo-B48/48apo-E-/- mice and less extensive in the apo-B100/100apo-E-/- mice. Once again, however, there was overlap among the three groups. The extent of atherosclerosis in each group of mice correlated significantly with plasma cholesterol levels. In mice from different groups that had similar cholesterol levels, the extent of atherosclerosis was quite similar. Thus, susceptibility to atherosclerosis was dependent on total cholesterol levels. Whether mice synthesized apo-B48 or apo-B100 did not appear to have an independent effect on susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
Therapy for Neutropenia in Hairy Cell Leukemia with Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
Authors: John A. Glaspy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine whether recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is effective in increasing neutrophil counts in patients with hairy cell leukemia and neutropenia. Design: Open label, phase I/II study of G-CSF, given by daily subcutaneous injection for up to 7 weeks. Setting: Outpatient oncology clinic of a university medical center. Patients: A consecutive sample of four patients with hairy cell leukemia complicated by severe neutropenia. Three patients completed the study; one patient was removed after 2 weeks of therapy. Interventions: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was given by daily subcutaneous injection. Each patient began therapy with 1 µg/kg body weight ·d; after 1 week the dose was increased to 3 µg/kg ·d, and 1 week later to 6 µg/ kg ·d. Therapy was continued for 5 to 6 weeks. Patients were taught self-injection, and administered treatment at home. Measurements and main results: In three patients, an increase in absolute neutrophil counts from less than 0.9 X 10/L to greater than 4.0 X 10/L was noted within 2 weeks of beginning G-CSF therapy. In two patients, infections resolved during therapy. One patient developed acute neutrophilic dermatosis (the Sweet syndrome) while receiving 3 µg/kg ·d of G-CSF, and drug therapy was discontinued. Conclusions: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may increase neutrophil counts within 2 weeks in patients with hairy cell leukemia and neutropenia. This therapy may be a useful adjunct to definitive treatment of hairy cell leukemia with interferon or pentostatin.
Transfection of RNA Encoding Tumor Antigens Following Maturation of Dendritic Cells Leads to Prolonged Presentation of Antigen and the Generation of High-Affinity Tumor-Reactive Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Authors: Xinsheng Liao, Yongqing Li, Chiara Bonini, Smita Nair, Eli Gilboa, Philip D. Greenberg, Cassian Yee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Common tumor vaccination strategies utilizing peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) are limited to targeting antigens with known epitopes in patients expressing a defined restricting allele and can result in the preferential induction of low-avidity T cells that fail to recognize tumor cells. The use of dendritic cells transfected with RNA encoding tumor antigen offers the prospect of antigen-specific immunization without requiring prior knowledge of the immunogenic epitope or restricting allele, since epitopes from the translated protein are processed by the endogenous antigen-presentation machinery. However, its use in vaccine studies has been limited by low RNA transfection efficiency and the use of immature DC as recipient cells. In this study, we report an RNA transfection strategy that routinely achieves expression in 40-50% of mature DC, which are better stimulator cells. Such RNA-transfected mature DC exhibited a prolonged duration of presentation of immunogenic epitopes compared to peptide-pulsed DC, induced greater frequencies of tumor antigen-specific CTL, and generated a CTL population that exhibited higher target avidity and increased tumor lytic capacity. These studies provide compelling in vitro data supporting the evaluation of RNA-transfected mature DC in vaccination protocols as a means to overcome several obstacles to generating anti-tumor responses in vivo.
Prolonged effect of tiotropium bromide on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma.
Authors: B J O'Connor, L J Towse, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Inhaled anticholinergic drugs are effective in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), of acute asthma, and of some patients with nocturnal asthma. Tiotropium bromide (tiotropium) is a novel anticholinergic agent with a long duration of action and kinetic selectivity for M1- and M3-subtypes of muscarinic receptors. We investigated the duration of protection of a single dose of inhaled tiotropium against methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in 12 male atopic asthmatic volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. On four separate occasions 8 to 24 d apart, methacholine PC20 was measured serially for up to 48 h after placebo and after three doses of tiotropium (10, 40, and 80 microg). Each dose of tiotropium produced mild bronchodilatation as measured by an increase in FEV1 of between 5.5 and 11.1% from baseline, that was sustained for 24 h. There was significant dose-dependent protection against methacholine challenge at 2 h of 5.0 +/- 1.1, 7.1 +/- 0.5, and 7.9 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SEM) doubling doses after 10, 40, and 80 microg respectively, and this persisted for 48 h. There were no adverse effects reported at any dose. The prolonged bronchodilator response and protection against methacholine challenge suggest that tiotropium may be useful in the treatment of COPD and nocturnal asthma and that once-daily dosing may be sufficient.
Heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis
Authors: A. Davoren, R.H. Aster
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Heparin, employed clinically for more than 50 years, is still a widely used anticoagulant. Unfortunately, some patients given this agent develop thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Because this side effect can have catastrophic consequences, it is imperative that all clinicians caring for patients who receive heparin have at least a basic understanding of its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Am. J. Hematol. 81:36–44, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gauging the Impact of Statins Using Number Needed to Treat
Authors: C. R. Kumana
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhibition of diabetes in BB rats by virus infection.
Authors: T Dyrberg, P L Schwimmbeck, M B Oldstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

BB rats serve as a model for human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), since without insulin treatment, most 60-140-d-old animals die within 1 to 2 wk of developing polyuria, polydypsia, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia. Lymphoid cells accumulate in the islets of Langerhans and beta cells undergo destruction. We report that inoculation of such BB rats with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (Armstrong strain, clone 13) reduces over a prolonged period the incidence of IDDM, normalizes the concentration of blood sugar and pancreatic insulin, prevents the mononuclear cell infiltration in the islets of Langerhans, and for a short time after inoculation alters T lymphocyte subsets. Thus, a virus might be programmed to carry out useful functions.
Lincoln-Marfan Debate...
Authors: Harold Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The archives do not permit an unequivocal description of Nancy Hanks or Thomas Lincoln. Lincoln's mother has also been depicted as being of heavy build, squat, and 5 feet 5 inches tall. Dolichocephaly, kyphosis, and a sad visage are no more diagnostic of Marfan's than is mere excessive height and lankiness. Her appearance does not influence my data. Lincoln's father Thomas was just shy of 6 feet tall. Close-knit ribs may in some cases be a manifestation of the entity. Thomas' physique, however, is not relevant since Gordon has elsewhere accepted pyknic, stocky Robert Lincoln (the president's son) as having a<i>forme fruste</i>and carrying the gene, and my report compared the two as such. His report is more specific on Lincoln's legacy than his letter, and he quotes the president as saying that he inherited<i>through</i>his mother the<i>qualities of an unknown Virginian</i>who betrayed
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Portrait of a Woman Said to Be Clarissa Gallond Cook, in Front of a Cityscape&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leukotriene B4 omega-hydroxylase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Partial purification and identification as a cytochrome P-450.
Authors: S Shak, I M Goldstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) not only synthesize and respond to leukotriene B4 (LTB4), but also catabolize this mediator of inflammation rapidly and specifically by omega-oxidation. To characterize the enzyme(s) responsible for omega-oxidation of LTB4, human PMN were disrupted by sonication and subjected to differential centrifugation to yield membrane, granule, and cytosol fractions (identified by biochemical markers). LTB4 omega-hydroxylase activity was concentrated (together with NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity) only in the membrane fraction (specific activity increased 10-fold as compared to whole sonicates, 41% recovery). Negligible activity was detected in granule or cytosol fractions. LTB4 omega-hydroxylase activity in isolated PMN membranes was linear with respect to duration of incubation and protein concentration, was maximal at pH 7.4, had a Km for LTB4 of 0.6 microM, and was dependent on oxygen and on reduced pyridine nucleotides (apparent Km for NADPH = 0.5 microM; apparent Km for NADH = 223 microM). The LTB4 omega-hydroxylase was inhibited significantly by carbon monoxide, ferricytochrome c, SKF-525A, and Triton X-100, but was not affected by alpha-naphthoflavone, azide, cyanide, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Finally, isolated PMN membranes exhibited a carbon monoxide difference spectrum with a peak at 452 nm. Thus, we have partially purified the LTB4 omega-hydroxylase in human PMN and identified the enzyme as a membrane-associated, NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450.
413. Functional Differences of the Reticuloendothelial System in C57BL/6 and Balb/c Mice Mediate Differential Effects of Kuppfer Cell Blockade, Rag-Deficiency and Splenectomy on Transgene Expression after Adenoviral Transfer
Authors: Jan Snoeys, Geertrui Mertens, Joke Lievens, Désiré Collen, Erik Biessen, Bart De Geest
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: Elimination of Kupffer cells by clodronate liposomes increases transgene expression in the liver after adenoviral transfer. The contribution of sinusoidal endothelial cells to transgene DNA elimination has never been evaluated. Because transgene expression in Balb/c mice is significantly lower than in C57BL/6 mice, the effect of Kupffer cell blockade and modification of the reticuloendothelial system by splenectomy and rag-deficiency was evaluated in C57BL/6 and Balb/c mice. The hypothesis that Kupffer cells are more active in Balb/c mice was tested.
Diseases of the skin. Venous leg ulcers.
Authors: S. T. Anning
Journal: BMJ (1966)

If you chance to have in Cure an Apostume, that by the malignitie of the Humors, or other evill disposition of the body changeth itselfe into a rebellious Ulcer . . .or that such an Ulcer come to thy hand from another Artist, be not out of hope to cure the same.For if Nature be not utterly thy enemy ... proceeding as followeth, thou shalt be able to cure the disease, by the helpe of God." JOHN WOODALL (1639)
Current required for ventricular defibrillation.
Authors: J N Patton, J F Pantridge
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The mean current required for ventricular defibrillation was measured and found to be 0.35 +/- SE 0.03 A/kg body weight, which is about one-third of that predicted from animal experiments. There was no apparent correlation between the current required and body weight (r = -0.007 +/- SE 0.213). There is no evidence of need for defibrillators storing more than 400 J.
Stromelysin 3 is overexpressed in human pancreatic carcinoma and regulated by retinoic acid in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Z von Marschall, E O Riecken, S Rosewicz
Journal: Gut (1998)

Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in the control of local tumour growth and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer.To examine expression of recently discovered stromelysin 3 (STR-3) in human pancreatic cancer and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and to investigate their regulation by retinoids.STR-3 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 21 human pancreatic carcinomas. Expression of STR-3 and regulation by retinoids was assessed in five human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines using western and northern blotting as well as nuclear run on assays.There was pronounced overexpression of STR-3 in 17 of 21 (80.9%) pancreatic carcinoma specimens. STR-3 expression was predominantly located in peritumourous stromal cells. Six of 21 (28.5%) carcinomas also revealed STR-3 expression in epithelial tumour cells whereas no STR-3 expression was observed in non-transformed pancreas. All five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines expressed STR-3 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, retinoid treatment results in a time and dose dependent inhibition of STR-3 protein expression. This inhibition seems to be post-transcriptional as neither STR-3 gene transcription nor mRNA steady state concentrations were affected by retinoids.STR-3 overexpression in stromal as well as epithelial elements during pancreatic carcinogenesis might contribute to the aggressive local growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and can be therapeutically targeted by retinoids.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Andrew Davies, Daryl Jones, Michael Bailey, John Beca, Rinaldo Bellomo, Nikki Blackwell, Paul Forrest, David Gattas, Emily Granger, Robert Herkes, Andrew Jackson, Shay McGuinness, Priya Nair, Vincent Pellegrino, Ville Pettilä, Brian Plunkett, Roger Pye, Paul Torzillo, Steve Webb, Michael Wilson, Marc Ziegenfuss
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The novel influenza A(H1N1) pandemic affected Australia and New Zealand during the 2009 southern hemisphere winter. It caused an epidemic of critical illness and some patients developed severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).To describe the characteristics of all patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO and to report incidence, resource utilization, and patient outcomes.An observational study of all patients (n = 68) with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated ARDS treated with ECMO in 15 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand between June 1 and August 31, 2009.Incidence, clinical features, degree of pulmonary dysfunction, technical characteristics, duration of ECMO, complications, and survival.Sixty-eight patients with severe influenza-associated ARDS were treated with ECMO, of whom 61 had either confirmed 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (n = 53) or influenza A not subtyped (n = 8), representing an incidence rate of 2.6 ECMO cases per million population. An additional 133 patients with influenza A received mechanical ventilation but no ECMO in the same ICUs. The 68 patients who received ECMO had a median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 34.4 (26.6-43.1) years and 34 patients (50%) were men. Before ECMO, patients had severe respiratory failure despite advanced mechanical ventilatory support with a median (IQR) Pao(2)/fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) ratio of 56 (48-63), positive end-expiratory pressure of 18 (15-20) cm H(2)O, and an acute lung injury score of 3.8 (3.5-4.0). The median (IQR) duration of ECMO support was 10 (7-15) days. At the time of reporting, 48 of the 68 patients (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 60%-82%) had survived to ICU discharge, of whom 32 had survived to hospital discharge and 16 remained as hospital inpatients. Fourteen patients (21%; 95% CI, 11%-30%) had died and 6 remained in the ICU, 2 of whom were still receiving ECMO.During June to August 2009 in Australia and New Zealand, the ICUs at regional referral centers provided mechanical ventilation for many patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1)-associated respiratory failure, one-third of whom received ECMO. These ECMO-treated patients were often young adults with severe hypoxemia and had a 21% mortality rate at the end of the study period.
Efficacy of non-selective β-blockers as adjunct to endoscopic prophylactic treatment for gastric variceal bleeding: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hung-Hsu Hung, Chen-Jung Chang, Ming-Chih Hou, Wei-Chih Liao, Che-Chang Chan, Hui-Chun Huang, Han-Chieh Lin, Fa-Yauh Lee, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Human genome pioneers are awarded Nobel prize
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The prevalence of obesity is rising worldwide, with the UK having the highest prevalence in Europe. Obesity is associated with significant morbidity and has substantial healthcare implications, with current projections estimating that by 2030 obesity will cost the NHS approximately £2 billion each year. Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of anti-obesity treatment, but drugs can be introduced as adjuncts to assist and maintain weight loss. Some 1.45 million obesity-related prescriptions were dispensed in 2009, highlighting the high demand for obesity pharmacotherapy. At present, the lipase inhibitor orlistat (Xenical) is the only UK-approved long-term medical therapy for obesity. Double-blind clinical trials have shown that orlistat significantly increases weight loss compared to placebo, but the array of adverse side effects associated with orlistat limits its tolerability. The need for more effective and better-tolerated anti-obesity medications is clear and six therapies have reached phase-III trials.