tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1603: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of lipophilic cation conjugated photosensitizers for targeting mitochondria.
Authors: Pallavi Rajaputra, Gregory Nkepang, Ryan Watley, Youngjae You
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Mitochondria-specific photosensitizers were designed by taking advantage of the preferential localization of delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) in mitochondria. Three conjugates, CMP-Rh, CMP-tPP, and CMP-(tPP)2, were successfully synthesized by linking the hydroxy core modified porphyrins (CMP-OH and CMP-(OH)2) to either rhodamine B (Rh B) or one or two triphenyl phosphine (tPP) cations respectively via a saturated hydrocarbon linker. Their ability for delivering photosensitizers to mitochondria was evaluated using dual staining fluorescence microscopy and staining pattern was compared with a mitochondrial specific probe. Fluorescence imaging study suggested that CMP-Rh specifically localized in mitochondria. On the other hand, CMP-tPP and CMP-(tPP)2 showed less significant mitochondrial localization. The conjugation of CMP to Rh and tPP did greatly improve intracellular uptake and in vitro photodynamic activity compared to CMP-OH. In addition, to evaluate the efficiency of the conjugates as photosensitizers, their photophysical properties and in vitro biological activities were studied in comparison to those of CMP-OH. All conjugates were capable of generating singlet oxygen at rates comparable to CMP-OH. This improved photodynamic activity might be primarily due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Our study suggests that Rh B cationic group is better at least for CMP than tPP as a mitochondrial targeting vector. Citation Format: Pallavi Rajaputra, Gregory Nkepang, Ryan Watley, Youngjae You. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of lipophilic cation conjugated photosensitizers for targeting mitochondria. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1603. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1603
ATP secreted by endothelial cells blocks CX3CL1-elicited natural killer cell chemotaxis and cytotoxicity via P2Y11 receptor activation
Authors: Stefania Gorini, Giulia Callegari, Giulia Romagnoli, Caterina Mammi, Domenico Mavilio, Giuseppe Rosano, Massimo Fini, Francesco Di Virgilio, Sara Gulinelli, Simonetta Falzoni, Andrea Cavani, Davide Ferrari, Andrea la Sala
Journal: Blood (2010)
Dobutamine Echocardiography and Quantitative Rest-Redistribution <sup>201</sup> Tl Tomography in Myocardial Hibernation
Authors: Usman Qureshi, Sherif F. Nagueh, Imran Afridi, Periyanan Vaduganathan, Alvin Blaustein, Mario S. Verani, William L. Winters, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The purposes of this study were to evaluate the comparative accuracy of dobutamine echocardiography and quantitative rest-redistribution 201 Tl tomography in the prediction of recovery of function after revascularization and to assess the relation of contractile reserve to thallium uptake. Methods and Results Thirty-four patients with stable coronary disease and regional dysfunction underwent dobutamine echocardiography (2.5 up to 40 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 ) and rest-redistribution 201 Tl tomography 1 day before revascularization. Resting echocardiography and scintigraphy were repeated at ≥6 weeks. Before revascularization, resting 201 Tl uptake was similar in segments demonstrating biphasic or sustained improvement and was higher than in those exhibiting no change or worsening function during dobutamine. After revascularization, 201 Tl uptake increased only in segments that showed a biphasic response (from 66±12% to 78±13%; P &lt;.05). Biphasic response had a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 89% for prediction of recovery. The use of biphasic or sustained improvement responses increased the sensitivity to 86% with a decrease in specificity to 68%. Qualitative thallium assessment provided a high sensitivity (98%) but poor specificity (27%). Quantification of thallium uptake, however, improved its accuracy: a maximal uptake (at rest or redistribution) of ≥60% yielded a 90% sensitivity and a 56% specificity. Conclusions In patients with myocardial hibernation, biphasic response during dobutamine is less sensitive but more specific for recovery of function, whereas indexes of 201 Tl scintigraphy are in general more sensitive and less specific, the least accurate being a qualitative assessment of thallium uptake. The sensitivity and specificity of both methods, however, can be altered depending on the quantitative criteria of thallium uptake or combination of responses of the myocardium to dobutamine.
TCT-775 Cost-Effectiveness Of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement By Minimalist Or Standard Approaches
Authors: Vinod Thourani, Chandan Devireddy, Amanda Maas, Stamatios Lerakis, Patrick Kilgo, Bradley G. Leshnower, Kreton Mavromatis, Tom C. Nguyen, Mihir Kanitkar, Peter C. Block, Robert Guyton, Chun Li, Lauren Ford, Dane Peterson, John Merlino, Vasilis Babaliaros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS IN INFANCY.
Authors: JOHN LOVETT MORSE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Retropharyngeal abscesses are usually divided into two classes : primary, or idiopathic, and secondary. The secondary class is made up of those due to disease of the vertebrae and of those due to the direct extension of abscesses from neighboring parts. The primary form is infinitely the more common in infancy and is the only one to be considered here. The greatest number of cases occur between four months and one year; 83 per cent. of Bókay's cases were under two years and 75 per cent. of Holt's under one year. <h3>ANATOMY.</h3> The retropharyngeal lymph nodes form a chain on both sides of the median line of the pharynx extending from its upper portion to its junction with the esophagus. They lie between the prevertebral aponeu-rosis and the muscles of the pharynx. In infancy they drain the cavities of the cranium, pharynx, nose and
Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases. Vol. VIII: Tumors of the Soft Somatic Tissues and Bone. Vol IX: Lymphomas and Related Diseases
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Medical books occasionally appear that are so clearly written and so thorough in their approach that nearly every physician would be interested in possessing private copies, were not the price prohibitive. Consequently, only well-endowed libraries and specialists are apt to purchase such texts, but these books soon show the mark of repeated study. Two such volumes have appeared in the definitive ten-volume series, entitled "The Treatment of Cancer and Allied Diseases." Volume VIII contains sections on the tumors of the bone and the related soft tissues; volume IX deals with lymphomas, leukemia, polycythemia, lipoidosis, Mikulicz's disease, and hemorrhagic diseases. As indicated by the series title, the emphasis of the two books is on treatment, but there is valuable material on the diagnosis, etiology, and natural history of the disease under discussion. The methods of treatment are fully described with complete dosages for drug therapy, detailed schedules for radiation, and full
Alveolarization Continues during Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Manjith Narayanan, John Owers-Bradley, Caroline S. Beardsmore, Marius Mada, Iain Ball, Ruslan Garipov, Kuldeep S. Panesar, Claudia E. Kuehni, Ben D. Spycher, Sian E. Williams, Michael Silverman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: The current hypothesis that human pulmonary alveolarization is complete by 3 years is contradicted by new evidence of alveolarization throughout adolescence in mammals.Objectives: We reexamined the current hypothesis using helium-3 (3He) magnetic resonance (MR) to assess alveolar size noninvasively between 7 and 21 years, during which lung volume nearly quadruples. If new alveolarization does not occur, alveolar size should increase to the same extent.Methods: Lung volumes were measured by spirometry and plethysmography in 109 healthy subjects aged 7–21 years. Using 3HeMR we determined two independent measures of peripheral airspace dimensions: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of 3He at FRC (n = 109), and average diffusion distance of helium (Xrms¯) by q-space analysis (n = 46). We compared the change in these parameters with lung growth against a model of lung expansion with no new alveolarization.Measurements and Main Results: ADC increased by 0.19% for every 1% increment in FRC (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.25), whereas the expected change in the absence of neoalveolarization is 0.41% (95% CI, 0.31–0.52). Similarly, increase of (Xrms¯) with FRC was significantly less than the predicted increase in the absence of neoalveolarization. The number of alveoli is estimated to increase 1.94-fold (95% CI, 1.64–2.30) across the age range studied.Conclusions: Our observations are best explained by postulating that the lungs grow partly by neoalveolarization throughout childhood and adolescence. This has important implications: developing lungs have the potential to recover from early life insults and respond to emerging alveolar therapies. Conversely, drugs, diseases, or environmental exposures could adversely affect alveolarization throughout childhood.
Sheep dip patients deserve better care
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Medical services have failed to respond adequately to the distress and severe symptoms of people exposed to sheep dip containing organophosphates, according to a report published this week by the UK Royal Colleges of Physicians and Psychiatrists.

Patients who complain of ill health after contact with organophosphate sheep dip should be taken seriously and treated sympathetically–instead of being ignored and mismanaged as they have been in the …
A CASE OF CONVERSION NEUROSIS
Authors: P. C. Livingston
Journal: BMJ (1922)

CHILDREN. 11 of these cases no attempt at version was made as the pregnancy had only attained the sixth or seventh month, and it was thought that they might safely be left for a little longer.In 14 cephalic version was performed by external manipulation, sometimes by one and on other occasions by two operators.There were 7 cases in which version was found to be so difficult that chloroform had to be administered, with the result that success was obtained in 6.In 3 other cases attempts were abandoned owing to small amount of liquor amnii and close apposition of.the uterus to the foetus.In 19 cases spontaneous version occurred.In 2 the patient did not return to the clinic.In this way the 56 cases were accounted for.There were 3 cases of transverse presentation in the 509 patients.Cephalic version was carried out in them all by external manipulation.Towel pads may be used in difficult breech and transverse presentations.
Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects
Authors: Samuel Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

His propensity to deal with the symptomatic aspects of depression, without regarding nosological classification of psychiatric diseases, creates some difficulties. Where he attempts to differentiate neurotic from true, endogenous depressions, Beck utilizes only cross-sectional symptomatology, and he finally concludes that there are no specific signs and symptoms, aside from delusions, to distinguish psychotic from neurotic depressions. Thus he supports the thesis that the two conditions differ only in quantitative aspects. However, in the reviewer's experience, longitudinal studies indicate a high incidence of hysterical reactions, alcoholism, and other pathological features in the personality of individuals with neurotic depressions, as well as the absence of manic episodes. After offering data which purport to indicate a higher incidence of orphanage in depressed individuals, Beck develops the thesis that parental deprivation in childhood may be a factor in later development of severe depression. Elsewhere, the reviewer has recorded detailed criticism of these data and
Clot lysis by gastric juice: an in vitro study.
Authors: S E Patchett, H Enright, N Afdhal, W O'Connell, D P O'Donoghue
Journal: Gut (1989)

Gastric juice from patients with peptic ulcer disease and from patients with no upper gastrointestinal abnormality was studied in order to assess its effect on a formed fibrin clot. In both groups of patients gastric juice caused a marked increase in fibrinolysis as evidenced by a shortening of the euglobulin clot lysis time. This plasmin mediated fibrinolytic activity was found to be heat labile and only present in an acid environment. Addition of tranexamic acid or sucralfate to gastric juice almost completely reversed this effect, whereas pepstatin was only partially effective. It is probable that acid dependent proteases other than pepsin are responsible for the marked fibrinolysis. The ulcer healing agent sucralfate might be useful in those patients at risk of bleeding or rebleeding from active peptic ulcer disease.
Effects of proton buffering and of amiloride derivatives on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Possible evidence for an arrhythmogenic role of Na(+)-H+ exchange.
Authors: S C Dennis, W A Coetzee, E J Cragoe, L H Opie
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We investigated the hypothesis that an accelerated Na+o-H+i exchange on reperfusion may lead to a displacement of the 3[Na+] [Ca2+]i/o equilibrium in favor of an arrhythmogenic rise in cytosolic [Ca2+]. Supporting evidence was obtained by subjection of isolated rat hearts to 15 minutes of low-flow (5% of control) ischemia and 2 minutes of reperfusion in the presence of a Krebs-Henseleit HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing lactate (10 mM). At first, the [HEPES] was fixed at 5 mM; then, 2 minutes before reflow, either the [HEPES] was varied from 50 to 1 mM to slow H+o washout, or increasing concentrations of 5-(N,N-dimethyl)-amiloride (Ki 7 microM) or 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride (Ki 0.2 microM) were added for inhibition of Na(+)-H+ exchange. In each case, reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias were reduced by 69-73% (p less than 0.001).
Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Service Utilization for Mood Disorders in the United States at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Ronald C. Kessler, Kathleen R. Merikangas, Philip S. Wang
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2006)

The results of recent community epidemiological research are reviewed, documenting that major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, persistent, and often seriously impairing disorder, and that bipolar disorder (BPD) is less prevalent but more persistent and more impairing than MDD. The higher persistence and severity of BPD results in a substantial proportion of all seriously impairing depressive episodes being due to threshold or subthreshold BPD rather than to MDD. Although the percentage of people with mood disorders in treatment has increased substantially since the early 1990s, a majority of cases remain either untreated or undertreated. An especially serious concern is the misdiagnosis of depressive episodes due to BPD as due to MDD because the majority of depression treatment involves medication provided by primary care doctors in the absence of psychotherapy. The article closes with a discussion of future directions for research.
Commissioner Reynolds' Defense.
Authors: Arthur R. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Chicago, Sept. 11, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I beg to thank you for your courtesy in sending the proofs of Dr. Bayard Holmes'paper on "The Sweat-Shops and Smallpox in Chicago," together with your suggestion (both received to-day) that, "as he has quoted an official report," you think "it requires a notice at (my) hands." Permit me to say that I do not see that the quotation of a report requires notice rather than the report itself. I have not noticed the official report. The State Factory Inspector is avowedly engaged in an attempt to abolish the "sweat-shop" system. I shall do nothing to interfere with the success of that attempt; still less shall I allow myself to be drawn into any controversy over the methods employed in the attempt, since this would involve a traversal of many statements, a denial of imputed motives and a general defense of the Chicago
John Leech and the London Medical Student of 1842
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IN Volume 2 of Punch or the London Charivari for 1842 appeared a series of 12 valentines, with appropriate pictures drawn by various artists, including Hablôt K. Browne ("Phiz"), who was later to illustrate The Pickwick Papers for Dickens, and John Leech, the delineator of the famous drawings for A Christmas Carol. Among the Punch valentines was one of The Medical Student drawn by Leech, a picture of particular interest to physicians since the artist had been, a few years previously, a medical student himself and therefore would have had a sympathetic understanding of the 1842 variety.The drawing, . . .
Risk Factors for Measles in a Previously Vaccinated Population and Cost-effectiveness of Revaccination Strategies
Authors: Eric E. Mast
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Using data from a large measles outbreak that occurred in Dane County (Wisconsin) in 1986, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate risk factors for vaccine failure and assessed the cost-effectiveness of school-based revaccination strategies. Vaccination before a change in the measles vaccine stabilizer in 1979 (odds ratio, 5.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 28.9) and vaccination before age 15 months (odds ratio, 13.9; 95% confidence interval, 5.9 to 32.6) were identified as risk factors. Revaccination strategies for all students ($3444 per case prevented), students vaccinated before 1980 ($3166 per case prevented), and students vaccinated before age 15 months($2546 per case prevented) were evaluated, assuming use of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine after the initial case was detected in a school. However, a large proportion of cases (43% to 53%) may not have been preventable using these strategies. Therefore, revaccination in all schools assessed to be at risk for measles may be necessary to prevent large outbreaks until a two-dose vaccination schedule is fully implemented. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2529-2533)
In-Vitro Resistance to Zidovudine and Alpha-interferon in HIV-1 Isolates from Patients: Correlations with Treatment Duration and Response
Authors: Brian R. Edlin, Marty H. St. Clair, P.M. Pitha, Susan M. Whaling, Diane M. King, Jacob D. Bitran, Robert A. Weinstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To measure in-vitro antiviral drug susceptibilities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates recovered from patients treated with alpha-interferon or zidovudine and patients not treated with these drugs and to examine the relation of these susceptibility measurements to duration of therapy, disease stage, and response to alpha-interferon therapy. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Outpatient HIV clinic. Patients: Twenty-six ambulatory HIV-1-infected patients: Fifteen of these patients were receiving alpha-interferon therapy, and 11 had never received such therapy. Nine patients were participating in a clinical trial of combination therapy with zidovudine and alpha-interferon. Measurements: The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of zidovudine and alpha-interferon was determined for HIV-1 isolates recovered from each patient. Plasma concentrations of HIV-1 p24 antigen in the nine patients in the clinical trial were measured monthly after alpha-interferon was added to zidovudine monotherapy. Results: Zidovudine IC50 (range, 0. 01 to 4.87 µM) increased steadily with duration of zidovudine therapy (r= 0.57, P = 0.003). In contrast, alpha-interferon IC50 (range, 0.8 to 415 units/mL) was not related to duration of alpha-interferon treatment; in fact, high IC50S were found in isolates from patients who had never received exogenous alpha-interferon therapy. Resistance to alpha-interferon was greater in isolates from the 15 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (median, 104 units/mL) than in those from the 10 patients without AIDS (median, 50 units/mL). Interferon activity was detected in plasma samples from 23 of 24 patients and was also at higher levels in patients with AIDS than in HIV-infected patients without AIDS. Reductions in plasma concentrations of HIV-1 p24 antigen in nine patients after beginning alpha-interferon therapy were greater in those with more susceptible isolates (r = -0.72, P = 0.03). Conclusions: Interferon resistance, possibly due to endogenous interferon, is not related to duration of interferon therapy but may limit the effectiveness of interferon therapy. Determinations of interferon susceptibility may identify patients most likely to benefit from this agent.
Antitussive activity of iodo-resiniferatoxin in guinea pigs
Authors: M Trevisani
Journal: Thorax (2004)

Iodo-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX) has recently been described as an ultra potent antagonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1).The ability of I-RTX to inhibit cough induced by inhalation of two putative TRPV1 stimulants (capsaicin and citric acid) was tested in non-anaesthetised guinea pigs.Pretreatment with I-RTX either intraperitoneally (0.03-0.3 micromol/kg) or by aerosol (0.1-3 microM) reduced the number of coughs produced by inhalation of citric acid (0.25 M) and capsaicin (30 microM) in a dose dependent manner. Capsazepine (CPZ) also reduced citric acid and capsaicin induced cough, but the activity of I-RTX was 10-100 times more potent than CPZ in all the experimental conditions tested.I-RTX is a novel and potent antitussive drug which inhibits cough mediated by agents possibly acting via TRPV1 activation.
Role of mesothelial cell-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in interleukin-17-induced neutrophil accumulation in the peritoneum
Authors: J. Witowski, K. Ksiązek, C. Warnecke, M. Kuźlan, K. Korybalska, H. Tayama, J. Wiśniewska-Elnur, K. Pawlaczyk, J. Trómińska, A. Bręborowicz, A. Jörres
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Genetic Structure of a 2,500-Year-Old Human Population in China and Its Spatiotemporal Changes
Authors: Li Wang, Hiroki Oota, Naruya Saitou, Feng Jin, Takayuki Matsushita, Shintaroh Ueda
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

To examine temporal changes in population genetic structure, we compared the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of three populations that lived in the same location, Linzi, China, in different periods: 2,500 years ago (the Spring–Autumn era), 2,000 years ago (the Han era), and the present day. Two indices were used to compare the genetic differences: the frequency distributions of the radiating haplotype groups and the genetic distances among the populations. The results indicate that the genetic backgrounds of the three populations are distinct from each other. Inconsistent with the geographical distribution, the 2,500-year-old Linzi population showed greater genetic similarity to present-day European populations than to present-day east Asian populations. The 2,000-year-old Linzi population had features that were intermediate between the present-day European/2,500-year-old Linzi populations and the present-day east Asian populations. These relationships suggest the occurrence of drastic spatiotemporal changes in the genetic structure of Chinese people during the past 2,500 years.