tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 1-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, James R. Lehrich, Edward P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of CaseA 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of confusion.He was well until nine years earlier, when a large anterior mediastinal mass was found, and he was admitted to this hospital. At operation the mass was considered unresectable; microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen showed a malignant thymoma. Radiation treatment in a total dose of 4000 rad was administered to the mediastinum, followed by evidence of radiation pneumonitis. During the next few years the patient was considered unable to tolerate radical surgical extirpation of the tumor. Five years before admission left pleural densities were seen . . .
Primary care trusts are told to tighten regulation of out of hours services
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The government has introduced a raft of measures to make primary care trusts in England more accountable for the out of hours services they commission, including checking doctors’ clinical and language skills, after a review found “totally unacceptable” differences in the way trusts currently implement regulations.

Local GPs should be more involved in the putting in place of arrangements for out of hours services and in developing the induction procedures to check that doctors on call are able to provide the care that patients should expect, said the health minister Mike O’Brien at a press conference to launch the review.

Mr O’Brien accepted all 24 recommendations in the review, which he had commissioned from David Colin-Thome, national clinical director for primary care at the Department of Health, and Steve Field, chairman of council of the Royal College of General Practitioners. He said, …
Biology of CCR5 and Its Role in HIV Infection and Treatment
Authors: Michael M. Lederman, Adam Penn-Nicholson, Michael Cho, Donald Mosier
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Chemokine receptors are found on cell surfaces and promote cellular migration by chemotaxis. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to infect cells. Strategies that target human CCR5 are therefore being developed to prevent and treat HIV infection. Antiviral strategies that target a host element necessary for viral replication may be predicted to interfere with the function of that element and may therefore adversely affect the host. We conducted a review of the literature between November 2005 and April 2006 with a focus on articles addressing the genetics and function of CCR5, the effects of CCR5 deletion in human and murine systems, and treatment strategies for HIV infection that target this coreceptor. English-language articles in the human and murine literature published between March 1996 and April 2006 were identified through a search of MEDLINE using CCR5 as the search term. Relevant articles as judged by their titles and abstracts were reviewed in detail. In addition, based on our knowledge of the field and with permission, unpublished work was also reviewed. In this article, we explore the effects that targeting CCR5 may have on host defenses in individuals with immunity already compromised by HIV infection.
Computer-assisted Follow-up Register for the North-East of Scotland
Authors: A. J. Hedley, A. M. Scott, R. D. Weir, J. Crooks
Journal: BMJ (1970)

An automated follow-up register for the detection of iatrogenic thyroid disease has been established as a joint venture between the general practitioners in the north-east of Scotland and the thyroid clinic of Aberdeen General Hospitals.The data-processing operations in the system are handled by an International Computers Limited 4/50 computer. Patients are followed up at predetermined intervals and the system has been designed to process, screen, and store clinical and biochemical follow-up data and report results to the patients, general practitioners, and the hospital records department.
Higher Profile Sought for Disability Care
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

by Buckenmaier’s team to soldiers with major traumatic injuries has shortand long-term effects, such as reducing pain disability and lowering the incidence and severity of mental health disorders (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show /NCT00431847?order=3). “The military is the first place where we’ve had an opportunity to study this systematically because of the number of casualties, and the results from our study may help change the standard of care for disaster-type medicine,” he said. As the long-term effects of pain on the body are becoming better understood, researchers are beginning to view pain more as a disease than as a symptom. Pain can cause pathophysiological and anatomical changes in the peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, and the brain. “You get a disease process that has a life of its own beyond the initial trauma,” said Gallagher. Among other effects, uncontrolled pain can depress the immune system and increase stress responses, scenarios that can lead to inflamation and susceptibility to infection. It can also have profound effects on mental health. Early intervention with regional anesthesia is emerging as a potentially promising way to prevent many of the long-term effects of severe acute pain, but more work remains. “The standard . . . for care out on the battlefield is set by the civilian community, so until the civilian community looks at pain as a disease process, it’s very difficult for somebody like me to make an argument for advanced acute pain management in the field,” said Buckenmaier.
A simple method to assess severity of polymorphic light eruption
Authors: R.A. Palmer, C.B. Van De Pas, E. Campalani, S.L. Walker, A.R. Young, J.L.M. Hawk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background The severity of polymorphic light eruption (PLE) is highly variable. The results of studies of the prevalence, pathogenesis, provocation and treatment of PLE may be highly dependent on the severity of disease in the patients studied. Objectives To produce a simple, valid and reproducible method to assess the severity of PLE. Patients and methods Eighty patients were asked about the PLE they had experienced during the preceding 12 months, using a standardized interview comprising 16 questions. The answer to each question received a score. A PLE Severity Index (PLESI) was formulated, consisting of 10 questions, with a possible total score of 2–100. The internal consistency of the PLESI (the extent to which the responses to different questions correlated with each other) was assessed by reliability analysis, using Cronbach's method. Twenty patients were re-interviewed 7–27 days later to assess the repeatability of the PLESI. The ease of provocation of PLE by exposure at 24-h intervals to solar-simulated radiation was assessed on a five-point scale in nine of the 80 subjects (the EOPSSR score). Results The value of Cronbach's α for the PLESI was 0·77. The distribution of the PLESI was consistent with a normal distribution, with a mean value of 52·7 and standard deviation of 19·4. It had a coefficient of repeatability of 20·1. The PLESI was positively correlated with EOPSSR (rs =0·69, P = 0·039) and the number of years since onset of PLE (rs = 0·25, P = 0·03). There was no association between the PLESI and the duration of persistence of the eruption after ceasing sun exposure (rs = 0·12, P = 0·30), the development of tolerance as summer progressed (rs = − 0·14, P = 0·39), gender (P = 0·50) or skin type (P = 0·87). Conclusions This study has (i) validated the concept that a single score can reflect disease severity in PLE by showing that the principal characteristics of the condition, including, for example, the extent of anatomical distribution and the ease of provocation of the eruption, correlate with each other; (ii) formulated the PLESI, which is a simple, valid and reproducible way of assessing disease severity; we suggest it could be used worldwide to determine the severity of PLE among patients enrolled in future PLE research; (iii) shown that the ease with which the eruption is provoked by solar-simulated radiation correlates with the severity of the condition; and (iv) shown that the duration of persistence of the eruption after sun exposure does not correlate with the severity of the condition.
Improving Management and Patient Care in Lentigo Maligna by Mapping With In Vivo Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Pascale Guitera, Fergal J. Moloney, Scott W. Menzies, Jonathan R. Stretch, Michael J. Quinn, Angela Hong, Gerald Fogarty, Richard A. Scolyer
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Lentigo maligna (LM) is a clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic challenge with a higher risk of local recurrence than other types of melanoma correctly treated and also carries the cosmetically sensitive localization of head and neck.To determine whether in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) mapping of difficult LM cases might alter patient care and management.Analysis of LM and LM melanoma (LMM) in a series of patients with large facial lesions requiring complex reconstructive surgery and/or recurrent or poorly delineated lesions at any body sites were investigated.Two tertiary referral melanoma centers in Sydney, Australia.Thirty-seven patients with LM (including 5 with LMM) were mapped with RCM. Fifteen patients had a recurrent LM, including 9 with multiple prior recurrences. The LM was classified amelanotic in 10 patients, lightly pigmented in 9, and partially pigmented in 18.The RCM images were obtained in 4 radial directions (allowing for anatomic barriers) for LM margin delineation using an RCM LM score previously described by our research team.Differences in the margin of LM as determined by RCM vs dermoscopy vs histopathologic analysis.Seventeen of 29 patients (59%) with dermoscopically visible lesions had subclinical (RCM-identified) disease evident more than 5 mm beyond the dermoscopy margin (ie, beyond the excision margin recommended in published guidelines). The RCM mapping changed the management in 27 patients (73%): 11 patients had a major change in their surgical procedure, and 16 were offered radiotherapy or imiquimod treatment as a consequence of the RCM findings. Treatment was surgical in 17 of 37 patients. Surgical excision margins (based on the RCM mapping) were histopathologically involved in only 2 patients, each of whom had an LM lesion larger than 6 cm.In vivo RCM can provide valuable information facilitating optimal patient care management.
The Visualization of Granulomatous Disease With Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy
Authors: E Oztürk, B Günalp, M Ozgüven, S Ozkan, T Sipit, Y Narin, H Bayhan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In-111 labeled pentetreotide scintigraphy was applied to three patients with proven granulomatous disease (two with sarcoidosis, one with tuberculosis). All revealed accumulation of In-111 labeled pentetreotide in the granulomatous lesions, which was considered to be due to the presence of activated lymphocytes in these regions. This method may be of value in assessing the activity and extent of sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.
Abstract 3549: miR-451 links CRC stem-like cells with chemoresistance
Authors: Nerea Bitarte, Valentina Boni, Ruth Zarate, Marisol Gonzalez-Huarriz, Ines Lopez, Javier Rodriguez, Eva Bandres, Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, an emerging role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer has been proposed. Our group has previously identified miR-451 as a potential tumor suppressor microRNA involved in cell cycle progression and radiation response. We hypothesized whether miRNAs may be involved in drug resistance mechanisms among cytotoxic agents commonly used in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Experimental Design: miR-451 was overexpressed by ectopically synthetic pre-miR-451 transient transfection and by generating stable-miR-451 overexpressed cells through retroviral vectors. The role of miR-451 on chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5FU), oxaliplatin (LOHP) and SN38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, was characterized by MTS. We sought to determine links between miR-451 and cancer stem cells (CSCs) by colonspheres generation, soft-agar cell invasion and xenograft in vivo experiments. Down-stream targets involved in drug-resistance mechanisms were also identified. Results: Overexpression of miR-451 significantly increased the sensitivity of CRC cell lines to SN38. The IC50 values were significantly lower in pre-miR-451-transfected cells, including DLD1, LoVo and RKO than in controls (950 nM versus 460 nM for DLD1; 10 nM versus 1.4 nM for LoVo and 20 nM versus 5.9 nM for RKO). No changes were detected for 5-FU and LOHP response. ATP-binding cassette transporter protein 1 (ABCB1) proved to be miR-451-target directly associated with SN38 sensitivity. Moreover, restoring miR-451 levels translated into a reduced tumorigenicity in a xenograft model and a decreased ability of CRC cells to growth under anchorage-independent conditions in soft agar. These results suggest that miR-451 down-regulation in CRC cells may be involved in CSCs generation. Indeed, overexpression of miR-451 was able to reduce the number and size of CRC cells-derived colonspheres. The phenotype of formed colonspheres was confirmed evaluating overexpression of several putative CSCs markers (CD133, CD44, EpCam and CD166). We also found colonspheres to be more resistant to SN38 treatment and to express higher levels of ABCB1 than parental cells. Finally, miR-451 restoration levels reverted CSCs resistance to SN38 through ABCB1 down-regulation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that miR-451 is involved in SN38 resistance through suppression of ABCB1 and regulation of CRC stem-like cell phenotype. Therefore, miR-451 may represent a novel potential candidate target to circumvent drug resistance in CRC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3549.
A Nontraditional View of Heart Failure
Authors: Barry R. Walker, Louis A. Soloff
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the editorial, "A Nontraditional View of Heart Failure" (<i>JAMA</i><b>189:</b>57 [July 6] 1964), the statement that "the readily recognizable signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure such as dyspnea, orthopnea, restlessness, abdominal discomfort, edema, hepatomegaly, and congested veins result from circulatory congestion and are not directly related to cardiac function" implies that this is an original unequivocal conclusion of clinical significance demonstrated by Rader et al (<i>Circulation</i><b>29:</b>328 [March] 1964). This is not so. Over 60 years ago, Widal et al (<i>Bull Mem Soc Med Hôp Paris</i><b>20:</b>1208 [June 12] 1903) demonstrated that the peripheral manifestations of congestive heart failure could be altered by changing the salt content of the diet. These observations, plus the fact that subjects who become edematous gain weight, indicated quite clearly that edema is due to extracardiac mechanisms which control the excretion of salt and water. A regimen
The Histidine Transporter SLC15A4 Coordinates mTOR-Dependent Inflammatory Responses and Pathogenic Antibody Production
Authors: Toshihiko Kobayashi, Shiho Shimabukuro-Demoto, Reiko Yoshida-Sugitani, Kaori Furuyama-Tanaka, Hitomi Karyu, Yuki Sugiura, Yukiko Shimizu, Toshiaki Hosaka, Motohito Goto, Norihiro Kato, Tadashi Okamura, Makoto Suematsu, Shigeyuki Yokoyama, Noriko Toyama-Sorimachi
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Allopurinol initiation and all-cause mortality in the general population
Authors: Maureen Dubreuil, Yanyan Zhu, Yuqing Zhang, John D Seeger, Na Lu, Young Hee Rho, Hyon K Choi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Background Allopurinol is the most commonly used urate-lowering therapy, with rare but potentially fatal adverse effects. However, its impact on overall mortality remains largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the impact of allopurinol initiation on the risk of mortality among individuals with hyperuricaemia and among those with gout in the general population. Methods We conducted an incident user cohort study with propensity score matching using a UK general population database. The study population included individuals aged ≥40 years who had a record of hyperuricaemia (serum urate level &gt;357 μmol/L for women and &gt;416 μmol/L for men) between January 2000 and May 2010. To closely account for potential confounders of allopurinol use and risk of death, we constructed propensity score matched cohorts of allopurinol initiators and comparators (non-initiators) within 6-month cohort accrual blocks. Results Of 5927 allopurinol initiators and 5927 matched comparators, 654 and 718, respectively, died during the follow-up (mean=2.9 years). The baseline characteristics were well balanced in the two groups, including the prevalence of gout in each group (84%). Allopurinol initiation was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (matched HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.99)). When we limited the analysis to those with gout, the corresponding HR was 0.81 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.92). Conclusions In this general population study, allopurinol initiation was associated with a modestly reduced risk of death in patients with hyperuricaemia and patients with gout. The overall benefit of allopurinol on survival may outweigh the impact of rare serious adverse effects.
METHOTREXATE SYSTEMIC CLEARANCE INFLUENCES PROBABILITY OF RELAPSE IN CHILDREN WITH STANDARD-RISK ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: WilliamE. Evans, ClintonF. Stewart, Chen-Hsin Chen, WilliamR. Crom, W.Paul Bowman, Minnie Abromowitch, JosephV. Simone
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
The Social Psychiatry of Frantz Fanon
Authors: PAUL L. ADAMS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Frantz Fanon, a black psychiatrist, was both concerned with human liberation and committed to a cult of violence. His own life exemplified the lack of gratification in practicing a psychiatry focused on the individual in a social milieu where the glaring ills were not intrapsychic fantasies but real problems of poverty, racism, and colonialism. Fanon's experience in denouncing a bourgeois psychiatry and becoming a revolutionist points up some contrasts with the North American style of social psychiatry.
Prediction of complex atrioventricular conduction rhythms in humans with use of the atrioventricular nodal recovery curve.
Authors: A Shrier, H Dubarsky, M Rosengarten, M R Guevara, S Nattel, L Glass
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Theoretical considerations indicate that complex patterns of atrioventricular conduction produced by rapid atrial stimulation can be predicted from changes in atrioventricular conduction produced by premature stimulation of the atrium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of this theoretical approach in seven patients undergoing electrophysiologic investigation. The atrioventricular nodal recovery curve was determined at two different basic cycle lengths. Subsequently, periodic atrial stimulation was delivered for 30 sec periods over a range of frequencies giving 11, Wenckebach, reverse Wenckebach, and 21 rhythms. The recovery curve data was then used to compute the response to periodic stimulation by an iterative technique. The conduction patterns actually seen during periodic atrial stimulation showed close agreement with the computed patterns. This work thus provides a unified explanation for the appearance of Wenckebach, reverse Wenckebach, alternating Wenckebach, and high grade block rhythms.
Impact of Loneliness and Living Alone
Authors: Leon A. Simons, John McCallum, Judith Simons
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Monoclonality or Oligoclonality of Human Herpesvirus 8 Terminal Repeat Sequences in Kaposi's Sarcoma and Other Diseases
Authors: J.-G. Judde
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), also termed Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus, is associated with all forms of KS, with primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and with some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), but the pathogenic role of HHV8 in these tumors and the clonal nature of KS are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the number of terminal repeats (TRs) contained in the fused TR region of HHV8 could be used as a marker of clonality in HHV8-associated tumors.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multiple-probe Southern blot analysis of the HHV8 TR region were performed on high-molecular-weight DNA obtained from tumoral KS, PEL, and MCD lesions.These analysis showed that the fused TR region contains a large but variable number of TR units (ranging from 16 to 75) and that the viral genome is present as extrachromosomal circular DNA in these tumors in vivo, with occasional ladders of heterogeneous linear termini reflecting lytic replication. All PEL tumors and PEL-derived cell lines as well as some KS tumors contained monoclonal or oligoclonal fused TR fragments; however, the TR region appeared polyclonal in MCD tumors and in a few KS lesions.Several KS and PEL lesions are monoclonal expansions of a single infected cell, suggesting that HHV8 infection precedes tumor growth and thus supporting an etiologic role of latent HHV8 in these proliferations. Our finding that nodular KS lesions display all possible patterns of clonality supports the model according to which KS begins as a polyclonal disease with subsequent evolution to a monoclonal process.