tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Address on the Revival of Ovariotomy, and its Influence on Modern Surgery
Authors: S. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1884)

IN asking you to considertihe infiu'e ce which-the revival ofovario-' tomy has had upon' modern surgery, l1 think we may not only assume the revival as complete.by the year 1465, butthat, in the words of Paget, " the influence for good was not .1imitedby. the in.creased success of orariotomy, but extendeddtoevery department of operative surgery, and will always continue to be felt in the "whole practice of surgery."And the rapiditywith u'liich tli9 successof ovariotomy led, again using Paget's words, " an.extension .of the whole domain of peritoneal surgery," i8-not less.'remarkable than the rapidity with which ovariotomy had advanced in profbssional opinioon between 1858 and 1865.The first, extension, atirally enough,'was to the removal of uterine tumours.At first, this was only done after a mistaken diagnosis.Bqt,, befort many years had passed, it was done'designedly, at first..oily in cases of pedunculated subperitoneal eutgrowths; but lAtterly-,tunder!condi' tions'most unfavourable, success has been obtained ' aproportion of cases very surprising even to those who,ini their, long expenence, have' many times been astonished at their ownI aucces Nothing in the whole history of surgery can be at the 'sa time-so gratifying and sq astounding as the records of Keith's later cases of the h6emoval of ute- rine tumours, collected and published by his 'son.takenalone, they would almost justify a general law to the effect'thatno woman should be aloowedto die of, any innocent uterine, growth without attempt to save her life by operation being.made.'When the edrlier cases of Keberl6 were critic.ised in the French Academny by Boinet, Richet cau- tioned the audience against summary 'condemhation of' an' operation not dreaded more thlii ovariotomy was not' loigbefore.The question since that day has' been decid6d by experience and aif a word of cau- tion is now needed, it is only to warn surgeons of the ftiture tat 'they cannot hope for success unleiM they prep.rethetiselv-es f°or operation;
Role for early-differentiated natural killer cells in infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Tarik Azzi, Anna Lünemann, Anita Murer, Seigo Ueda, Vivien Béziat, Karl-Johan Malmberg, Georg Staubli, Claudine Gysin, Christoph Berger, Christian Münz, Obinna Chijioke, David Nadal
Journal: Blood (2014)
Plagiarism and punishment
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Plagiarism is one of the three high crimes of research fraud. The US Office for Research Integrity (ORI) puts it up there with the big boys, fabrication and falsification, in its definition of research misconduct (http://ori.dhhs.gov). Some have argued that the definition should extend to lesser crimes such as undeclared conflict of interest and duplicate publication, but to my knowledge no one has questioned that theft of another person's work is fraud.

How big a problem is plagiarism? The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) lists 18 cases of alleged plagiarism reviewed from 1998 to …
THE TREATMENT OF ASCITES BY DRAINAGE
Authors: J. O'Conor
Journal: BMJ (1920)

THE tWo following cases may be of some interest in shlowjng that.an unexpected resuilt niay sonmetimiies follow a measure of treatment undertaken as8a forlorn lhope.CASE.i.-Hlepatic Cirrhosis: Drainaqe: Recorery.A middlle-age(d estanciero, a "free liver," enteved tl3e lBritisl 'ospital in September, 1917, witlh great diste,sion of ab lonmein und auasarca of the lower extremities; the leart soundIs were distanit andfeele al1(l the pulse 130; there was double.Ibasic coingestion and (lysp)noea wvith cyanosis; the urine was scanty
Continued Promise of School Breakfast Programs for Improving Academic Outcomes
Authors: Lindsey Turner, Frank J. Chaloupka
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Comparative Effectiveness Research and Outcomes of Diabetes Treatment
Authors: Monika M. Safford
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for advancing the science of medicine. However, many important clinical questions probably will never be answered by RCTs simply because many trials are extraordinarily expensive and RCTs might not always be appropriate for addressing some research questions. In fact, most clinical trials do not enroll typical patients; trial participants are volunteers who agree to be studied with limited compensation and often do so primarily to benefit other patients. Clinical trials are designed to answer questions about whether something works (efficacy), but usually are poorly suited to answer questions about how well something works on usual patients seen in clinical practice (effectiveness). Numerous studies have shown that the effect sizes reported in clinical trials are rarely achieved in practice, raising concerns that more generalizable results are needed to better inform real-world clinical decisions.1- 5
Treatment of female pattern hair loss with oral antiandrogens
Authors: R. Sinclair, M. Wewerinke, D. Jolley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background It has not been conclusively established that female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is either due to androgens or responsive to oral antiandrogen therapy. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of oral antiandrogen therapy in the management of women with FPHL using standardized photographic techniques (Canfield Scientific), and to identify clinical and histological parameters predictive of clinical response. Methods For this single-centre, before–after, open intervention study, 80 women aged between 12 and 79 years, with FPHL and biopsy-confirmed hair follicle miniaturization [terminal/vellus (T/V) hair ratio ≤ 4 : 1] were photographed at baseline and again after receiving a minimum of 12 months of oral antiandrogen therapy. Forty women received spironolactone 200 mg daily and 40 women received cyproterone acetate, either 50 mg daily or 100 mg for 10 days per month if premenopausal. Women using topical minoxidil were excluded. Standardized photographs of the midfrontal and vertex scalp were taken with the head positioned in a stereotactic device. Images were evaluated by a panel of three clinicians experienced in the assessment of FPHL, blinded to patient details and treatment and using a three-point scale. Results As there was no significant difference in the results or the trend between spironolactone and cyproterone acetate the results were combined. Thirty-five (44%) women had hair regrowth, 35 (44%) had no clear change in hair density before and after treatment, and 10 (12%) experienced continuing hair loss during the treatment period. Ordinal logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of response revealed no influence of patient age, menopause status, serum ferritin, serum hormone levels, clinical stage (Ludwig) or histological parameters such as T/V ratio or fibrosis. The only significant predictor was midscalp clinical grade, with higher-scale values associated with a greater response (P = 0·013). Conclusion Eighty-eight percent of women receiving oral antiandrogens could expect to see no progression of their FPHL or improvement. High midscalp clinical grade was the only predictor of response identified. A placebo-controlled study is required to compare this outcome to the natural history of FPHL.
The New Psychology of Dreaming
Authors: Ismet Karacan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<i>The New Psychology of Dreaming</i>is not so much what the title states as a reevaluation of the old psychology of dreaming, in the light of new evidence from recent electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of sleep. We may forgive this misnomer, since the author's major premise holds that the findings of sleep research, unavailable to Freud, must now be incorporated into dream theory. Of particular interest in this context are investigations of periodic rapid eye movement (REM) activity, found to correlate highly with reported dreaming. In addition to arguing that much of Freudian dream theory is corroborated by recent sleep research, the author discusses approaches to dream interpretation and theory by post-Freudian authors, and presents his own preferences and views on the directions to be taken by a revised psychology of dreaming. He also summarizes current theories on the function of dreaming, and, while admitting that none is sufficiently well-based to
David Richard Thomas
Authors: K. Callum
Journal: BMJ (2014)

David Richard Thomas descended from four generations of Welsh coalminers. His father left Wales in the depression to look for work. This he found in Watford, where he met and married David’s mother. Although the young family struggled financially, David passed his scholarship to Watford Grammar School, and was subsequently awarded a scholarship to St George’s Hospital, then at Hyde Park Corner. He thoroughly enjoyed his time at St George’s. There were many stories to tell of his exploits, and the behaviour of some of the more eccentric consultants.

He did medical, surgical, and obstetric house jobs at St George’s Hospital. He then joined Union Castle Line as a ship’s surgeon and, again, had many entertaining stories to tell. After three trips, worried he might develop an alcohol problem, he returned to England and became an assistant in general practice. Surprisingly he found time to study for the primary fellowship exams for the Royal College of Surgeons, which he passed first time. He then got the job of casualty registrar at St Thomas’ Hospital where he met Jo, a night sister, who subsequently became his first wife. They eventually moved to Leamington Spa, where he was a surgical registrar, …
Engaging Specialists in Performance-Incentive Programs
Authors: Jeffrey O. Greenberg, Jessica C. Dudley, Timothy G. Ferris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

During the debate over U.S. health care reform, there were widespread calls for increasing "value" in the health care system — calls reflecting concerns about suboptimal health outcomes and rapidly growing health care costs. The health care reform law contains funding for pilot projects to test new ways of increasing our return on health care spending, including global capitation, bundled payments, and medical homes, as well as reduced payments for readmissions. All these options would require the quality of care to be measured and incentives (financial or otherwise) provided to physicians in an effort to improve performance.Until now, the . . .
Second closed mitral valvotomy for recurrent mitral stenosis.
Authors: K Fraser, B A Sugden
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Sixty-seven patients undergoing a second closed mitral valvotomy between 1957 and 1974 have been reviewed. Since 1951, 510 patients have had a primary closed valvotomy in the same unit. The incidence of restenosis severe enough to warrant further surgery is higher after a finger fracture procedure (40%) than after a Tubbs dilator valvotomy (9.2%). There is an operative mortality of 10.4%, and a further late mortality of 23.8% after a second closed valvotomy. Of the surviving patients, 70.5% have had a good or excellent result. The group with poor results is characterised by the presence of a calcified fixed valve, making valvotomy difficult and incomplete. In the presence of a non-calcified valve, a second valvotomy still has a place when surgery for restenosis is required.
TESTIMONY AND EVIDENCE IN MEDICINE.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

I have deviated somewhat from the custom of my predecessors of presenting some purely surgical subject for your consideration in order to take up a matter of a more abstract nature, yet one which I believe to be of the greatest practical importance, and one too often neglected by most physicians. I refer to the question of testimony and evidence in medicine. In the legal profession the questions of testimony and evidence, in so far as they relate to human affairs, have been very thoroughly studied, and more or less fixed rules governing them have been adopted. The value of testimony and the weight to be attached to evidence in the formation of conclusions are all elaborately dealt with, but the physician dealing habitually with questions of life and death too often fails to apply the most common rules of logic to his reasoning, with the result that his deductions
Obesity association clarifies definitions of obesity and links with drug firms
Authors: Neville Rigby
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—Your reports referring to childhood obesity definitions in the USA and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) contained errors.1,2 The task force is part of the International Association for the Study of Obesity (IASO), this year celebrating its 20th anniversary as the body uniting researchers, clinicians, health professionals, and others concerned with obesity worldwide.

The IOTF has no role in the childhood obesity expert group convened by the American Medical Association, the Centers for Disease Control, and the Health Resources and Services Administration. You report a proposal to adopt the 85th and 95th centiles as reference points for overweight and obesity in children. In the USA these cut-off points are termed “at risk” and “overweight.”3 Your readers may judge whether this is an effort to “expand the definition” of obesity and whether your imputation of some attempt to exaggerate the obesity problem has any foundation.

You refer to William Dietz, head of the division of nutrition and physical activity at the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, who served from 1998 to 2000 as the first chair of the IOTF working group on childhood obesity. This group developed the IOTF cut-off points widely used for international comparisons of childhood overweight and obesity. This approach, relating children's growth curves and cut-off points to the World Health Organization's adult body mass index criteria, was first published in the BMJ. It has been observed to underestimate rather than expand obesity prevalence, when compared with the standard centiles, but is not proposed for use in the USA.4,5

Your report made erroneous reference to the IOTF having cash amounting to more than £1m (€1.45m; $1.83m)—a sum that our annual report clearly indicated represented the combined reserves of IASO, a rapidly growing international medical organisation providing services to associations with 10 000 members in more than 50 countries, which is also seeking to meet the growing demands for engagement in many global initiatives.

Like many charitable medical societies, IASO receives income from its members, from its scientific publications, and from conference activities, and it receives occasional donations towards specific projects from pharmaceutical companies. IASO received foundation support to lead the Global Prevention Alliance, with other international non-governmental organisations concerned with obesity and related chronic diseases. We would be delighted to receive “millions” to support our work to promote strategies for the prevention of obesity, particularly among children, given the urgency and enormity of the public health challenge.
Hepatocyte enlargement and portal hypertension
Authors: Hector Orrego, Laurence M. Blendis, Yedy Israel
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We have read with great interest the publication by Mastai et al. (1) on the rat liver microcirculation in alcohol-induced hepatomegaly.Readers not familiar with the arguments used in this paper may interpret this work as a rebuttal of the hypothesis that hepatocyte swelling is a factor in the development of portal hypertension in alcoholic liver disease (2-4).Contrary to this impression, the reported results confirm our hypothesis.Indeed, the results are those we would have predicted from our previous observations.First, that hepatocyte enlargement as observed in alcohol-induced hepatomegaly, is associated with a constriction of the vascular space (5).In fact, Mastai et al.
Keap1 Mutations and Nrf2 Pathway Activation in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos, Dimitrios Spentzos, Elena Fountzilas, Nancy Francoeur, Srisowmya Sanisetty, Alexandros P. Grammatikos, Jonathan L. Hecht, Stephen A. Cannistra
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy develops in the majority of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Platinum compounds form electrophilic intermediates that mediate DNA cross-linking and induce double-strand DNA breaks. Because the cellular response to electrophilic xenobiotics is partly mediated by Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, we evaluated the presence of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mutations and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway activation in EOC and correlated these with platinum resistance and clinical outcome. Nrf2 immunohistochemistry revealed nuclear localization (a surrogate of pathway activation) in over half of EOC patient specimens examined, with more common occurrence in the clear cell EOC subtype. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that Nrf2 target genes were upregulated in tumors with nuclear positivity for Nrf2. Microarray analysis also showed upregulation of Nrf2 target genes in clear cell EOCs compared with other EOC subtypes. In addition, Keap1 sequence analysis revealed genetic mutations in 29% of clear cell samples and 8% of nonclear cell tumors. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Keap1 was associated with Nrf2 pathway activation and resistance to carboplatin in vitro. Importantly, patients with evidence of Nrf2 pathway activation had fewer complete clinical responses to platinum-based therapy, were enriched for platinum resistance, and had shorter median overall survival compared with those who did not show evidence of Nrf2 pathway activation. Our findings identify Keap1 mutations in EOC and they suggest a previously unrecognized role for the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in mediating chemotherapeutic responses in this disease.
Regenerative potential of silk conduits in repair of peripheral nerve injury in adult rats
Authors: W. Huang, R. Begum, T. Barber, V. Ibba, N.C.H. Tee, M. Hussain, M. Arastoo, Q. Yang, L.G. Robson, S. Lesage, T. Gheysens, Nicholas J.V. Skaer, D.P. Knight, J.V. Priestley
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Impact of disease severity on healthcare costs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection
Authors: Stuart C. Gordon, Paul J. Pockros, Norah A. Terrault, Robert S. Hoop, Ami Buikema, David Nerenz, Fayez M. Hamzeh
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases total healthcare costs but the effect of the severity of liver disease associated with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) on healthcare costs has not been well studied. We analyzed the demographics, healthcare utilization, and healthcare costs of CHC patients in a large U.S. private insurance database (January, 2002 to August, 2010), with at least 1 year of baseline enrollment and 30 days of continuous follow-up. Patients were stratified by liver disease severity: noncirrhotic liver disease (NCD), compensated cirrhosis (CC), and endstage liver disease (ESLD), as defined by the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes. Mean all-cause and HCV-related healthcare costs per-patient-per-month (PPPM) during follow-up (mean 634 days) are reported in 2010 U.S.$ from the payer's perspective. A total of 53,796 patients with CHC were included (NCD: 41,858 [78%]; CC: 3,718 [7%]; and ESLD: 8,220 [15%]). Mean all-cause PPPM healthcare costs were 32% and 247% higher for patients with CC and ESLD compared to those with NCD ($1,870 and $4,931 versus $1,420; P < 0.001) and were independent of age or comorbid conditions. Pharmacy, ambulatory, and inpatient care collectively accounted for 90% of NCD costs and 93% of CC and ESLD costs. The largest cost components were inpatient costs for those with ESLD (56%) and ambulatory costs for those with CC and NCD (37% and 36%, respectively). Overall, 56% of costs were HCV-related and this proportion increased with severity (46%, 57%, and 71% for patients with NCD, CC, and ESLD, respectively).The direct healthcare costs associated with CHC are high, increase in association with the progression of liver disease, and are highest in those with ESLD.
Psychogeriatric Ward for Mentally Disturbed Elderly Patients
Authors: D. M. Prinsley
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The operation is described of a special psychogeriatric ward of 23 beds set up in 1967 to provide treatment for mentally disturbed elderly patients who could not be kept in a general ward or at home. The unit is in a predominantly geriatric hospital which serves a population of 340,000 and in the four and a half years reviewed 600 patients were admitted. Half of the admissions were emergencies. A consultant geriatrician was in charge and the nursing staff were general trained. The number of beds was found to be adequate for the demand. Few patients had to be transferred to a psychiatric hospital, but, since the mental disturbance was often associated with severe illness and the patients were old, the death rate was high. The nursing staff have found the work interesting and stimulating.