tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood eosinophil counts rarely reflect airway eosinophilia in children with severe asthma
Authors: N. Ullmann, C. J. Bossley, L. Fleming, M. Silvestri, A. Bush, S. Saglani
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background The inflammatory phenotypes of severe asthma in adults may be reflected in peripheral blood. If this were true in children with severe therapy‐resistant asthma ( STRA ), invasive tests could be avoided. At the moment there is no conclusive evidence in children. Methods All patients underwent blood tests, exhaled nitric oxide (F e NO ), sputum induction, bronchoalveolar lavage ( BAL ) and endobronchial biopsy ( EB ). Results Sixty‐three (71.6%) patients had a normal blood profile and only 1/88 had a combined blood eosinophilia and neutrophilia. 76/88 (86%) had normal blood eosinophils, but of these, 84% had airway eosinophilia in either BAL ( n = 43;66%) or EB ( n = 41;79%). In children with STRA blood eosinophilia was associated with airway eosinophilia. However, normal blood eosinophil levels did not exclude airway eosinophilic inflammation. Conclusions Peripheral blood counts are not reliable in characterising airway inflammation in severe asthmatic children exposed to high dose steroid therapy, therefore bronchoscopy with BAL should be considered.
Leukocyte-Targeted Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography Can Assess the Degree of Acute Allograft Rejection in a Rat Cardiac Transplantation Model
Authors: Isao Kondo, Koji Ohmori, Akira Oshita, Hiroto Takeuchi, Junji Yoshida, Kaori Shinomiya, Sachiko Fuke, Takeo Suzuki, Katsufumi Mizushige, Masakazu Kohno
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Repetitive endomyocardial biopsies are necessary to monitor the effects of immunosuppressants after cardiac transplantation. Contrast ultrasound with microbubble targeting of leukocytes detects acute leukocyte infiltration. We examined whether leukocyte-targeted myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) could provide for the quantitative assessment of acute cardiac rejection.Hearts from Brown Norway rats or Lewis rats were transplanted into other Brown Norway rats. Isografts and groups of allografts either untreated or treated with cyclosporin A (CsA) at a low dose (3 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) or high dose (10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) from 3 days before transplantation were compared at posttransplantation day 3. Echocardiography-derived left ventricular wall thickening was comparable among the 4 groups. Myocardial blood flow assessed with MCE, relating pulsing intervals with signal intensity (SI), was slightly decreased only in untreated allografts. However, myocardial SI (in gray levels) obtained after a 10-minute period allowing microbubble-leukocyte interactions after contrast injection exhibited a clear gradient in these groups (12+/-2 in untreated allografts, 9+/-5 in allografts treated with low-dose CsA, 6+/-3 in allografts treated with high-dose CsA, and 2+/-1 in isografts, P<0.001). The pattern of difference in SI among the groups agreed well with that in ED-1-positive cell (macrophage) count (25+/-7, 12+/-4, 5+/-3, and 1+/-0 cells per high-power field, respectively, P<0.001), which correlated with CD3-positive cell (T lymphocyte) count (33+/-5, 22+/-5, 9+/-4, and 1+/-0 cells per high-power field, respectively, P<0.001).Leukocyte-targeted MCE can noninvasively assess the degree of rejection in transplanted hearts by directly revealing the magnitude of intramyocardial infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes.
B7-H1 Overexpression Regulates Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Accelerates Carcinogenesis in Skin
Authors: Yujia Cao, Lu Zhang, Yosuke Kamimura, Patcharee Ritprajak, Masaaki Hashiguchi, Sachiko Hirose, Miyuki Azuma
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

B7-H1 (CD274) is a T-cell coinhibitory molecule that is also often induced on human carcinoma cells, where its expression has been implicated in immune escape. Under inflammatory conditions, B7-H1 is also inducible in normal epithelial cells but little is known about its involvement in conversion of normal cells to tumor cells. Here, we show that skin-specific expression of B7-H1 accelerates inflammatory carcinogenesis in a methylcholantrene (MCA)-induced model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Inflammatory responses induced by MCA or phorbol ester TPA were clearly inhibited in B7-H1 transgenic mice (B7-H1tg mice). Antibody-mediated blockade of either B7-H1 or the related molecule PD-1 revealed that their ability to limit inflammation relied on ligand interactions made by B7-H1 or PD-1. Skin keratinocytes derived from B7-H1tg mice exhibited constitutive reduction of E-cadherin, and SCC induced in B7-H1tg mice also showed loss of E-cadherin along with elevated expression of the transcription factors Slug and Twist that drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results indicate that upregulation of B7-H1 in skin epithelial cells promotes EMT and accelerates carcinogenesis, revealing insights into the significance of B7-H1 overexpression on solid tumor cells and hinting at a close relationship between EMT and immune escape signaling pathways in cancer.
Color: A vision scientist's perspective
Authors: Davida Y. Teller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract Vision scientists are interested in three diverse entities: physical stimuli, neural states, and consciously perceived colors, and in the mapping rules among the three. In this worldview, the three kinds of entities have coequal status, and views that attribute color exclusively to one or another of them, such as color realism, have no appeal.
The Prospect of Silencing Disease Using RNA Interference
Authors: Premlata Shankar
Journal: JAMA (2005)

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), an endogenous cellular gene-silencing mechanism, has already provided a powerful tool for basic science researchers to study gene function. The subsequent finding that RNAi also operates in mammalian cells has generated excitement regarding potential therapeutic applications. In this article we discuss the basic mechanism of RNAi and the therapeutic opportunities and obstacles for harnessing RNAi for therapy of human disease.
The Serendipitous Diagnosis of a Pseudoaneurysm by the Three-phase Bone Scan
Authors: JAMES K. St GEORGE, SYDNEY HEYMAN, TERESA R. CORCORAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A pseudoaneurysm represents untreated arterial injury and is characterized by a hematoma in dynamic communication with an arterial wall laceration. Radionuclide angiography has been utilized as a screening procedure to detect post-traumatic arterial injury. A normal radionuclide study virtually eliminates the possibility of significant arterial trauma. Radionuclide angiography is typically performed when a specific vascular abnormality is suspected; however, isotope angiography is an inherent component of any nuclear medicine procedure that requires the intravenous administration of a radiopharmaceutical and provides valuable information about organ perfusion. The following case describes the serendipitous diagnosis of a pseudoaneurysm on the perfusion segment of a three-phase bone scan.
Innate Immunity as a Hired Gun
Authors: Maripat Corr, Gary S. Firestein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Inflammatory forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic diseases that primarily affect peripheral synovial joints. The pathogenesis of RA is multifactorial, including genetic influences on susceptibility, postnatal events in immune maturation, environmental factors, and
Recombinant interferon‐α2A as maintenance treatment for patients with advanced stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia responding to chemotherapy
Authors: Felicetto Ferrara, Vincenzo Rametta, Giuseppina Mele, Iolanda Antinolfi, Vincenzo Mettivier, Renato Cimino
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Forty‐five patients suffering from advanced B‐CLL were randomized to receive interferon‐α (IFNα) or no treatment after achieving complete remission or partial response, following a chemotherapy protocol called MINa. The two groups were fully comparable in terms of clinical characteristics and level of response obtained by chemotherapy. IFNα was given at a dose of 3 megaunits three times a week intramuscularly for 1 year. The IFN‐treated patient group showed a significantly longer duration of response and a less frequent incidence of infections as compared to the no treatment group. A minority of patients who had had partial response to chemotherapy obtained complete remission while on therapy with IFNα. Toxicity was mild and patient compliance was excellent. We conclude that IFNα may have a role as maintenance therapy in CLL for patients responding to chemotherapy. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A randomised controlled trial of psychological debriefing for victims of road traffic accidents
Authors: M. Hobbs, R. Mayou, B. Harrison, P. Worlock
Journal: BMJ (1996)

need to be qualified strongly by recognising that our cross sectional data preclude any analysis of changes in risk factors.Our conclusions are suggestive and need to be tested with longitudinal data; however, we are not aware of any longitudinal data sets that contain measures of the relevant risk factors at different stages of life, including childhood.The data of the west of Scotland collaborative study were collected in the early 1970s.It would be useful to establish whether risk factors for cardiovascular disease are still related in the same way to father's and own social class.Although coronary heart disease is less prevalent in women than in men, any study of the current situation should include women.
An Interesting Case.
Authors: W. R. Brooksher
Journal: JAMA (1897)

points of his communication will he permit me to enter a mild protest against the, no doubt, unintentional injustice of includ¬ ing me in the deprecation of "the redolent with personalities" phase of a recent controversy.No one can abominate more than I do the "bitter personalities," yet it has been my lot to have been the recipient of more captious, unreasoning and even insulting criticisms, than perhaps, any other living man,
High Court quashes tribunal decision to ban cosmetic surgeon from practising
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A cosmetic surgeon who was struck off the medical register for a catalogue of failings is free to practise again, after the High Court quashed the decision.

The Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service ordered Olufemi Adeogba, 62, to be banned from practising last December.1 But he appealed to the High Court and won a ruling that he had been treated unfairly when the fitness to practise panel went ahead with a hearing in his absence. Judge Graham Wood referred the case back to the registrar at the General Medical Council to set up a new hearing, …
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies with a common stereotypic rearrangement recognize nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA
Authors: Charles C. Chu, Rosa Catera, Katerina Hatzi, Xiao-Jie Yan, Lu Zhang, Xiao Bo Wang, Henry M. Fales, Steven L. Allen, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Kanti R. Rai, Nicholas Chiorazzi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abstract IA20: General methods to conditionally regulate protein stability
Authors: Thomas J. Wandless
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There is an increasing need for experimental perturbation methods that provide scientists with a high degree of control over the proteins they study. In order to provide scientists with general techniques to conditionally regulate protein function, we have developed experimental methods to regulate protein stability rapidly and reversibly through the administration of cell-permeable small molecules to cultured cells or living animals. These perturbation strategies depend upon engineered protein domains called “destabilizing domains” that bind tightly to small molecule ligands. When a destabilizing domain is fused to a targeted protein-of-interest, investigators can tunably regulate the expression levels of the targeted fusion protein through the administration of the appropriate ligand. We have developed several experimental systems in which the addition of a ligand can be used to either stabilize or destabilize a destabilizing domain, thereby restoring or eliminating the function of the protein-of-interest. Citation Format: Thomas J. Wandless. General methods to conditionally regulate protein stability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA20.
Antigens and antibodies cross-reactive to the murine mammary tumor virus in human breast cyst fluids.
Authors: S S Witkin, N H Sarkar, D W Kinne, C N Breed, R A Good, N K Day
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Human breast cyst fluids were shown to contain low concentrations of IgA (15-78 micrograms/ml) and IgG (33-145 micrograms/ml). The IgA:IgG ratios in individual breast cyst fluids ranged from 1:0.6 to 1:4. These levels are considerably higher than their ratio in serum (1:7). IgA from 33% of the 40 fluids examined, and IgG from 10% of the fluids, reacted with the murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV). The reactivity was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that measures antibody binding to both the envelope glycoprotein and core protein of the virus. In a second series of experiments. IgA from 28% of 40 breast cyst fluids reacted only with MuMTV while IgA from 30% of the fluids was reactive with both MuMTV and the Rauscher murine leukemia virus. Antigen reactive with antiserum to the 28,000-dalton MuMTV core protein (p28), was also identified in a 165,000-g pellet fraction from breast cyst fluids. In individual fluids, the extent of IgA binding to MuMTV was positively correlated (P less than or equal to 0.01) with the binding of anti-p28 antibody to the pellet of the breast cyst fluid. Fractions with the buoyant density of retroviruses (1.16-1.18 g/ml) or their cores (1.21-1.25 g/ml) were isolated from breast cyst fluids. These fractions contained a DNA polymerase capable of utilizing the reverse transcriptase-specific template, dG12-18 x poly rCm. In addition, they reacted with antiserum to MuMTV p 28 but not with antiserum to the 30,000-dalton Rauscher murine leukemia virus core protein.
TCT-765 Impact Of TAVI On Primary Hemostasis, Von Willebrand Factor And Heyde’s Syndrome: A Prospective Monocenter Study
Authors: Thibault Caspar, Laurence Jesel, Dominique Desprez, Lélia Grunebaum, Hafida Samet, Annie Trinh, Hélène Petit-Eisenmann, Michel Kindo, ohlmann patrick, morel olivier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The effect on atrial and ventricular intracellular potentials, and other pharmacological actions of L9146, a non-halogenated benzo(b)thiophene related to amiodarone
Authors: E. M. VAUGHAN, W. L. SALAKO, J. H. WITTIG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

L9146 was synthesised in the hope of eliminating the unwanted side-effects of amiodarone which has been shown to be effective in the control of atrial fibrillation, flutter, and in pre-excitation syndromes such as Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. L9146 has pharmacological and electrophysiological effects similar to those of amiodarone. It is an antagonist of both alpha and beta adrenoceptor-mediated cardiovascular effects of a noncompetitive type. It lowers vascular resistance briefly, and causes a longer lasting bradycardia. It moderately reduces the maximum rate of depolarisation (MRD), conduction velocity, and totally suppresses ventricular pacemakers activated by high doses of isoprenaline. In addition, L9146 greatly prolongs action potential duration (APD) in atrial and ventricular muscle. In normal ventricular conducting tissue the action potential duration (APD) is shorter in the bundle of His than in the false tendons, and shorter still in the ventricular muscle. L9146 lengthened APD throughout, but particularly in the proximal portion, and even more in the muscle, so that APD became uniform. The decrement of conduction of premature action potentials was increased to the point at which slowly conducting premature AP's were eliminated altogether.
Healthy respect for the word
Authors: M. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Here we are, physicians Prescribing from our shelves Devising our scenarios Writing out ourselves Here we are, plain patients Part of your daily rounds Sifting every utterance Hanging on your sounds. THE PHYSICIAN treats with words; within the physician-patient social system, the patient is moved by fears and other sentiments, and these are modified by the physician's words and phrases.<sup>1</sup>Physicians dispense not only medicines but words that influence medicines or, all by themselves, that affect the patient more than the medicine.<sup>2</sup> Physicians use words in various ways. They use them as tools to uncover diagnosis and as vessels to carry treatment and caring. As the physician explores the human condition, his English may be more meaningful than his biology or neurology. Does the physician listen to his own words as carefully as those of the patient? Does he seek the best word, the best phrase, or the
IMMUNOLOGIC CROSS-REACTIONS AMONG MAMMALIAN ACUTE PHASE PROTEINS
Authors: Emil Gotschlich, Chandler A. Stetson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Crystalline rabbit Cx-reactive protein has been compared immunologically with the analogous crystalline C-reactive protein of man. Immunologic cross-reactivity has been demonstrated between the acute phase proteins of man, rabbit, and monkey. Double-diffusion reactions in agar and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions in vivo both indicate that these acute phase proteins are antigenically closely similar but not identical. Guinea pigs with delayed hypersensitivity to C-reactive protein exhibit delayed skin reactions when tested with Cx-reactive protein and vice versa.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGIC RELATIONSHIP OF ENDOTOXIN AND OTHER TOXIC PROTEINS
Authors: Edward V. Staab, Richard M. Condie, Robert A. Good
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

1. Injections of sublethal quantities of Agkistrodon piscivorus venom into endotoxin-treated rabbits produces a consistent early death. 2. The endotoxin-induced hypersusceptibility state (EIHS) to venom is produced by intravenous, intradermal, and intraperitoneal administration of endotoxin. The latency and duration of the EIHS vary with the route of administration. 3. EIHS is induced by as little as 1 gamma of endotoxin administered intravenously. Although the degree of susceptibility was no greater with a 100 gamma dose than with 1 gamma, 1 mg of endotoxin made the rabbits susceptible to smaller venom doses. 4. EIHS was demonstrated with intravenous, intradermal and intraperitoneal injection of Agkistrodon piscivorus venom. Endotoxin-pretreated animals were not as susceptible to venom given intramuscularly. 5. Normal rabbits are very resistant to venom given intradermally and intraperitoneally. 6. Enhanced susceptibility to intravenous endotoxin was demonstrated in animals pretreated with sublethal doses of moccasin venom. It differed from EIHS in its short duration and its outcome: a late, slowly progressive death. 7. EIHS was demonstrated with other venoms: Crotalus adamanteus and Vipera russellii, and in a modified form (resulting in late death) with Notechis scutatus. Endotoxin pretreatment had no effect on susceptibility to Naja flava, Bungarus candidus, or Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms. 8. Major hypotheses regarding the nature of endotoxin-induced alterations in non-specific resistance were considered in relation to EIHS to venom.
Delaying the Diagnosis of Disease
Authors: Brian Camazine
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an excellent COMMENTARY, Dr Spiro<sup>1</sup>appropriately questions whether every complaint by a patient needs diagnostic studies before treatment. Having trained in a mecca of medical technology, until recently I would have responded with an emphatic yes! Fortunately, I recently had the opportunity to work at a rural hospital in Imo State, Nigeria. The diagnostic studies at this hospital are limited: complete blood cell counts, urinalysis, stool ova and parasite determinations, and simple radiographic examinations are available, but often prohibitively expensive for the impoverished population. Electrolyte determinations and other laboratory examinations, as well as electrocardiograms and bacteriologic cultures cannot be obtained. As a result, treatment without a definite diagnosis is commonplace. The patient with fever, malaise, and abdominal discomfort is not subjected to multiple cultures and gastrointestinal tract studies but, rather, treated for malaria. The patient with cough, fever, chest pain, and sputum production does not
Multidisciplinary teams are needed throughout UK to manage obesity
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The United Kingdom’s obesity epidemic requires a national and concerted response similar to that which has developed in the past 50 years to tackle smoking, doctors have said.1

A working party from the Royal College of Physicians has said that every hospital trust should have a lead doctor on obesity to work with commissioning groups, be a source of information for patients, and act as a link between the hospital and the community.

And there should be a national lead on obesity to drive a coordinated government strategy within and across departments, including health, the Treasury, education, agriculture, work and pensions, and local government, said the working party’s report.

With …
Socioeconomic differences in childhood consultation rates in general practice in England and Wales: prospective cohort study
Authors: S. Saxena, A. Majeed, M. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b>To establish how consultation rates in children for episodes of illness, preventive activities, and home visits vary by social class. <b>Design:</b>Analysis of prospectively collected data from the fourth national survey of morbidity in general practice, carried out between September 1991 and August 1992. <b>Setting:</b>60 general practices in England and Wales. <b>Subjects:</b>106 102 children aged 0 to 15 years registered with the participating practices. <b>Main outcome measures:</b>Mean overall consultation rates for any reason, illness by severity of underlying disease, preventive episodes, home visits, and specific diagnostic category (infections, asthma, and injuries). <b>Results:</b>Overall consultation rates increased from registrar general9s social classes I-II to classes IV-V in a linear pattern (for IV-V <i>v</i> I-II rate ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.22). Children from social classes IV-V consulted more frequently than children from classes I-II for illnesses (rate ratio 1.23; 1.15 to 1.30), including infections, asthma, and injuries and poisonings. They also had significantly higher consultation rates for minor, moderate, and serious illnesses and higher home visiting rates (rate ratio 2.00; 1.81 to 2.18). Consultations for preventive activities were lower in children from social classes IV-V than in children from social classes I-II (rate ratio 0.95; 0.86 to 1.05). <b>Conclusions:</b>Childhood consultation rates for episodes of illness increase from social classes I-II through to classes IV-V. The findings on severity of underlying illness suggest the health of children from lower social classes is worse than that of children from higher social classes. These results reinforce the need to identify and target children for preventive health care in their socioeconomic context. <h3>Key messages</h3> Childhood consultation rates for episodes of illness, including infections, asthma, and injuries, increase from social classes I-II through to social classes IV-V Children from lower socioeconomic groups make more use of home visits and consult more often for minor and serious illnesses Consultation rates for preventive care are slightly lower in children from social classes IV-V than in children from classes I-II Members of the primary healthcare team should be aware of socioeconomic factors when children are targeted for preventive activities and when health services are planned