tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clearance of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) and TPA/Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1) Complex
Authors: W. L. Chandler, M. C. Alessi, M. F. Aillaud, P. Henderson, P. Vague, I. Juhan-Vague
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background To evaluate the effect of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels on the clearance of total tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) antigen, we studied the clearance of active TPA and TPA/PAI-1 complex in subjects with low (181±109 pmol/L; n=7) and high (1166±322 pmol/L; n=4) baseline active PAI-1. Methods and Results A 5-μg/kg bolus of TPA was infused over a 15-second period followed by measurement of TPA activity, TPA antigen, TPA/PAI-1, TPA/C1 inhibitor, PAI-1 activity, and PAI-1 antigen over a 4-hour period. α-Phase clearance of total TPA antigen was faster in subjects with low PAI-1 (t 1/2 of 3.5±0.7 minutes) versus high PAI-1 (t 1/2 of 5.3±0.9 minutes) ( P =.006). Clearance of all factors was best fit by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model based on a computer-simulated human circulatory system. The average hepatic clearance fraction in the two-compartment model was greater for active TPA (89±10%, t 1/2 of 2.4±0.3 minutes) than for TPA/PAI-1 complex (48±17%, t 1/2 of 5.0±1.8 minutes) ( P =.0006). Conclusions Plasma clearance of active TPA was faster than clearance of TPA/PAI-1 complex. High levels of active PAI-1 converted more TPA into TPA/PAI-1 complex, effectively slowing the clearance of total TPA antigen and explaining in part why high levels of PAI-1 activity are associated with increases in total TPA antigen.
At its Heart, Homeostasis Is About T Cells ∗
Authors: Göran K. Hansson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

The human organism possesses an immense capacity to handle a broad variety of challenges. Its cardiovascular system can switch rapidly from maintaining basal organ perfusion in a sedentary position to supplying hard-working muscles with large amounts of oxygen during exercise. Its neurometabolic
Effect of growth hormone on human alveolar macrophage oxidative metabolism
Authors: M. P. Keane, R. Coakley, R. Costello, S. J. O'Neill
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Growth hormone (GH) has diverse immunological actions and has been shown to augment oxidative metabolism in rat peritoneal and porcine alveolar macrophages and both human and animal neutrophils. A study was performed to determine the effects of GH on human alveolar macrophages in vitro.Macrophages were harvested from 10 patients undergoing bronchoalveolar lavage and incubated with 0, 10 and 100 nmol/ml GH for four hours. Oxidative metabolism was assessed by means of a fluorescent assay using FMLP and E coli as stimulants. Fluorescence was measured using flow cytometry.No difference in basal or stimulated oxidative metabolism was found between the GH and control groups.GH does not have a direct stimulatory action on human alveolar macrophages in vitro. However, this does not exclude an indirect effect in vivo. The results contrast with previous studies on animal alveolar macrophages.
Postoperative phrenic nerve palsy: early clinical implications and management
Authors: Julia Lemmer, Brigitte Stiller, Grit Heise, Michael Hübler, Vladimir Alexi-Meskishvili, Yuguo Weng, Matthias Redlin, Valerie Amann, Stanislav Ovroutski, Felix Berger
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
ALCOHOLIC INSANITY AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE CASE OF JOHN REDMOND.Read before the Chicago Academy of Medicine, October, 1892.
Authors: HAROLD N. MOYER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

An etiological classification of insanity has proved quite as fallacious as in other departments of medicine. While at first it appeals to the reason as an admirable means of dividing diseases, and as often giving a hint of their chief indications for treatment, in actual practice it results in grouping together incongruous and widely separated conditions. It is needless to refer at this time to the contentions and useless polemicizing that has been indulged in the discussion of disorders laboring under an etiological terminology. We need mention but one, spinal concussion. The same difficulty attaches to the term alcoholic insanity; by some it is used to denote any mental change due to alcohol, by others it is restricted to the more permanent mental states resulting from the prolonged ingestion of alcohol. In the same loose manner various other terms have been employed to designate different phases of the effects of
EMOTIONAL ASPECTS OF CARDIAC DISEASE
Authors: MORTON F. REISER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The diagnosis of heart disease is an emotionally charged life situation. The anxiety engendered may tax the reserves of the diseased cardiovascular system, and influence the medical course and response to therapy, as well as the patient's personality function. The doctor-patient relationship is the most important factor in the total handling of the cardiac patient; it provides the matrix within which all aspects of the problem may be organized into a unified process. The psychiatrist who is supervising or advising a physician treating a cardiac patient will find that his efforts will be most effective and satisfying, in most instances, when they are directed toward alleviating anxiety in both the patient and the physician, and in fostering between them a constructive therapeutic relationship.
Ocular Paralyses after Mumps
Authors: T. H. Butler, A. J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1937)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Marmosets, especially <i>Callithrix jacchus</i>, are becoming valuable, high-demand biomedical models but their supply outside of their native Brazil is limited. Thus, uncovering the ancestry and biogeographic origins of captive marmosets is an essential task to optimize their biomedical use. Such information facilitates assessing standing levels of captive marmoset genetic diversity, identifying hybrids, and maintaining genetic diversity of captive marmoset populations. Here, we present 16 newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes from marmosets with <i>C. jacchus</i> phenotypes from international biomedical and animal supply facilities. We combine these new data with publicly available sequences to compare usage of mitogenome and the mtDNA control region for determining the ancestry and diversity of captive marmosets. MtDNA control region and mitogenome haplotypes from all 16 newly sequenced marmosets grouped within <i>C. jacchus</i> phylogenetic clades. Overall, phylogenies based on mitogenomes rather than the control region showed better resolved branching patterns with stronger statistical support within <i>C. jacchus</i> clades. However, both mtDNA markers show that <i>C. jacchus</i> is the sister clade to the phylogenetic <i>C. penicillata</i> Caatinga biome clade. <i>Callithrix jacchus</i> mtDNA control region haplotypes showed the highest haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and were intermediate in terms of per sequence theta and polymorphic sites. The larger number of available <i>Callithrix</i> mtDNA control region sequences relative to mitogenomes was used to determine ancestral mtDNA haplotype biogeographic origins. However, biogeographic origins for many <i>C. jacchus</i> haplotypes including those from international captive facilities could not be determined, which we attributed to unknown provenance information from natural <i>C. jacchus</i> populations. Given our results, we encourage increased sampling and genomic sequencing efforts for natural <i>C. jacchus</i> populations in Brazil, and utilizing the mitogenome over other mtDNA markers for phylogenetic-based analyses. Further, combining marmoset mitogenomic data with phenotypic and nuclear genomic data will greatly enhance the biomedical use of marmosets.
What can we learn from observational studies of oseltamivir to treat influenza in healthy adults?
Authors: N. Freemantle, M. Calvert
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Post-marketing studies can provide important information about safety and efficacy in real practice. However, <b>Nick Freemantle</b> and <b>Mel Calvert </b>found studies of oseltamivir identified by Roche were of limited value
A History of the Boston City Hospital, 1905-1964
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

When one of the nation's great hospitals passes its 100th birthday, the most appronriate celebration, perhaps, is a careful and authoritative history of that institution. The present volume records in detail the story of the Boston City Hospital. Founded in 1864, the hospital had celebrated its 50th birthday with a historical account published in 1906, while this new volume stresses particularly the last half century. The general background, early days, and the personalities of those especially concerned with the founding, are particularly well covered by Henry R. Viets. Any large modern hospital, associated with several medical schools, is extremely complex, with many departments, divisions, and services. The various subdivisions each receive a special historical account, written by an administrative head, retired or still active. Each author has had a vital share in the department about which he writes. Numerous photographs provide vivid interest. For physicians who have trained in the
The Effect of Delaying Childbirth on Primary Cesarean Section Rates
Authors: Gordon C. S Smith, Yolande Cordeaux, Ian R White, Dharmintra Pasupathy, Hannah Missfelder-Lobos, Jill P Pell, D. Stephen Charnock-Jones, Michael Fleming
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background The relationship between population trends in delaying childbirth and rising rates of primary cesarean delivery is unclear. The aims of the present study were (1) to characterize the association between maternal age and the outcome of labor, (2) to determine the proportion of the increase in primary cesarean rates that could be attributed to changes in maternal age distribution, and (3) to determine whether the contractility of uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) varied with maternal age. Methods and Findings We utilized nationally collected data from Scotland, from 1980 to 2005, and modeled the risk of emergency cesarean section among women delivering a liveborn infant in a cephalic presentation at term. We also studied isolated myometrial strips obtained from 62 women attending for planned cesarean delivery in Cambridge, England, from 2005 to 2007. Among 583,843 eligible nulliparous women, there was a linear increase in the log odds of cesarean delivery with advancing maternal age from 16 y upwards, and this increase was unaffected by adjustment for a range of maternal characteristics (adjusted odds ratio for a 5-y increase 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48–1.51). Increasing maternal age was also associated with a longer duration of labor (0.49 h longer for a 5-y increase in age, 95% CI 0.46–0.51) and an increased risk of operative vaginal birth (adjusted odds ratio for a 5-y increase 1.49, 95% CI 1.48–1.50). Over the period from 1980 to 2005, the cesarean delivery rate among nulliparous women more than doubled and the proportion of women aged 30–34 y increased 3-fold, the proportion aged 35–39 y increased 7-fold, and the proportion aged ≥40 y increased 10-fold. Modeling indicated that if the age distribution had stayed the same over the period of study, 38% of the additional cesarean deliveries would have been avoided. Similar associations were observed in multiparous women. When studied in vitro, increasing maternal age was associated with reduced spontaneous activity and increased likelihood of multiphasic spontaneous myometrial contractions. Conclusions Delaying childbirth has significantly contributed to rising rates of intrapartum primary cesarean delivery. The association between increasing maternal age and the risk of intrapartum cesarean delivery is likely to have a biological basis.
House Committee Change
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adenoma and Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: George Crile
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

STATISTICS on the incidence of cancer in nodular goiter are totally unreliable because all such statistics are based on the selected group of patients whose goiters are removed. Since most patients with small benign nodular goiters are not operated upon and since most patients with true carcinomas sooner or later are operated upon, it is obvious that statistics based on surgical pathology are not representative of the over-all incidence of cancer in nodular goiter.The incidence of nodular goiter varies from place to place and increases with advancing age. In the Great Lakes area, for example, about 5 per cent . . .
Cimetidine and ulcers.
Authors: E M Jackson-Moore
Journal: BMJ (1976)

imagining himself to be volumes and so years ahead of the rest of us is that you have erroneously imputed such notions to him; though as between the possibility of the editor of World Medicine having delusions of grandeur and that of the editor of the British Medical Journal ignoring convention I should prefer not to speculate.Perhaps next time, however, you will put your editorial heads together and so avoid supplying an occasion for their being banged together later.
CLOPIDOGREL RESISTANCE AND INTRA-STENT THROMBI ASSESSED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Kenzo Fukuhara, Hiroyuki Okura, Terumasa Koyama, Ryotaro Yamada, Teruyoshi Kume, Akihiro Hayashida, Yoji Neishi, Takahiro Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Recurrent somatic TET2 mutations in normal elderly individuals with clonal hematopoiesis
Authors: Lambert Busque, Jay P Patel, Maria E Figueroa, Aparna Vasanthakumar, Sylvie Provost, Zineb Hamilou, Luigina Mollica, Juan Li, Agnes Viale, Adriana Heguy, Maryam Hassimi, Nicholas Socci, Parva K Bhatt, Mithat Gonen, Christopher E Mason, Ari Melnick, Lucy A Godley, Cameron W Brennan, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Ross L Levine
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Transient elastography in the assessment of liver fibrosis in adult thalassemia patients
Authors: Mirella Fraquelli, Elena Cassinerio, Alberto Roghi, Cristina Rigamonti, Giovanni Casazza, Massimo Colombo, Sara Massironi, Dario Conte, Maria Domenica Cappellini
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Transient elastography (TE) is a valuable noninvasive technique of measuring liver stiffness and a reliable tool for predicting hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. The role of TE in patients with beta-thalassemia has not been extensively investigated. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of TE in the assessment of hepatic fibrosis in 115 adult patients with beta-thalassemia major (TM) (#59) or intermedia (TI) (#56). TE was performed according to current practice. Histologic data were obtained in 14 cases. Liver iron concentration was assessed by atomic absorption spectrometry and T2 magnetic resonance. In patients with TM, the proportion of anti-HCV positive viremic patients, median serum ferritin levels, and TE values were significantly higher than in TI. In the group of 14 patients who underwent liver biopsy, a significant positive correlation was observed between liver stiffness and fibrosis stage (r = 0.73, P = 0.003). Severe fibrosis is diagnosed with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 89%, whereas cirrhosis is detected with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. At multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated with TE were ALT, GGT, and bilirubin levels in both groups and, in patients with TM, HCV RNA positivity. In beta-thalassemia patients, TE is a reliable tool for assessing liver fibrosis even if the influence of iron overload has to be clarified.
Risk-Standardizing Survival for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest to Facilitate Hospital Comparisons
Authors: Paul S. Chan, Robert A. Berg, John A. Spertus, Lee H. Schwamm, Deepak L. Bhatt, Gregg C. Fonarow, Paul A. Heidenreich, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Fengming Tang, Raina M. Merchant
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effect of age on glucose-stimulated insulin release by the beta-cell of the rat.
Authors: E P Reaven, G Gold, G M Reaven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

To assess the effect of age on beta-cell insulin release, collagenase-isolated islets of Langerhans were obtained from rats aged 2--18 mo and incubated with increasing concentrations of glucose. Similar islets were analyzed for insulin content or subjected to morphometric measurements to identify both the number of beta-cells and the volume of beta-granules per islet. In parallel studies, the islet content of intact pancreata was also determined. The results showed that beta-cell number increased from 2,300 t0 5,000 cells as rats aged from 2 to 18 mo and islet insulin content doubled. However, glucose-stimulated insulin release decreased progressively with age, and this was especially striking when considered in terms of the increase in number of beta-cells/islet; e.g., mean (+/- SEM) insulin secretion (nanounits per minute per beta-cell) of islets incubated with 450 mg/dl of glucose was 1.3 (+/- 0.02), 1.0 (+/- 0.1), 0.4 (+/- 0.05), and 0.3 (+/- 0.01), respectively for 2-, 6-, 12-, and 18-mo-old rats. Thus, insulin secretion per beta-cell was decreased, despite increased stores of insulin per cell. These findings demonstrate that the aging process leads to a profound defect in glucose-stimulated insulin release from the beta-cell. Whether this is a global secretory defect, or solely a failure of the beta-cell to respond to glucose, remains to be defined.
Personal Awareness and Effective Patient Care-Reply
Authors: Dennis H. Novack, William Clark, Richard Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply</h3> —We derived our statement about Indian and Pakistani residents' training from a qualitative study of international medical graduates, coauthored by a member of our working group.<sup>1</sup>The study illustrated how cultural differences may act as barriers to patient care and reflected the opinions of Indian and Pakistani residents in a single program. We apologize for what may have been an overgeneralization. We certainly meant no offense to our Indian and Pakistani colleagues. We made no claims to scientific proof that particular physician personal qualities "caused" certain behaviors. We cited studies to substantiate our assertion that physician personal factors affect patient care. Nightingale and Grant<sup>2</sup>reported strong associations between physicians' attitudes toward risk and their use of certain health care resources, preferences for intubation, and the duration of resuscitation efforts. Physician gender affects clinical decisions. The presence of a cautionary statement in 1 of our 12 citations on gender
Bottled Water Safety
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Orleans Parish Prison Still Needs Program for Tuberculosis Control
Authors: Doris H. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Are the men and women in the Orleans Parish prison at risk of tuberculosis? Does the prison still need a program for tuberculosis control? We at the New Orleans Health Department, who maintain the program at the prison, examined data from 2,248 prisoners to find out.  Our data came from 2,248 men and women who entered the prison in 1974, who accepted tuberculin skin tests, and who stayed in prison long enough (48 hours or more) to have their tests interpreted. Most of these prisoners were young (about 85% were 34 years old or less), most were men, and most were black (Table 1).    The tuberculin tests were made when the prisoners arrived, or soon afterward. Tests were done with multiple-puncture tines1because the authorities refused to permit hypodermic needles and syringes in the prison where the testing was done. Once per week, a team from