tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BCG Vaccination Against Tuberculosis
Authors: FRANCIS SEGARRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 December 1970BCG Vaccination Against TuberculosisFRANCIS SEGARRA, M.D.FRANCIS SEGARRA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-6-1042_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am writing in reference to Donald W. Smith's article "Why Not Vaccinate Against Tuberculosis" (Ann Intern Med72:419-422, 1970). It is hard to understand why a subject of such extreme relevance as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculosis is so seldom mentioned in our medical journals, in sharp contrast to the frequent use and study of the method in the rest of the world. The BCG vaccination is used in all countries of the world except the United States regardless of the degree of development; from India, China, Russia, Brazil to France, England, Denmark, and Sweden.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANCIS SEGARRA, M.D.Affiliations: Chest Clinic State Lakeville Hospital Lakeville, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1970Volume 73, Issue 6Page: 1042-1043KeywordsBacille calmette guerinBacillus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cross-talk between aldosterone and angiotensin II in vascular smooth muscle cell senescence
Authors: L MIN, M MOGI, J IWANAMI, J LI, A SAKATA, T FUJITA, K TSUKUDA, M IWAI, M HORIUCHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Our aim was to examine the possible cross-talk of angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone (Aldo) in the regulation of vascular cell senescence in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).VSMC were prepared from thoracic aorta of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cellular senescence was evaluated by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) staining and expression of p21, p53, p16, and p27. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production. Signal transduction was examined by immunoblot analysis with or without RNA interference methods.Persistent Ang II (100 nM) stimulation increased SA-beta-gal-stained VSMC and enhanced expression of p21, p53, p16, p27 and Ki-ras2A. These effects of Ang II were markedly inhibited by treatment with a selective AT(1) receptor blocker, valsartan, but partially attenuated by a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone. The culture medium of VSMC treated with Ang II (100 nM) showed a time-dependent increase in Aldo concentration, which increased senescent VSMC. Antioxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine or superoxide dismutase attenuated Ang II- or Aldo-induced VSMC senescence and Ki-ras2A expression. A lower dose combination of Ang II (100 pM) and Aldo (1 pM) significantly enhanced SA-beta-gal-stained VSMC with increases in expression of p21, p53, p16, p27 and Ki-ras2A, oxidative stress, and activity of transcription factors such as NF-kappaB, AP-1, whereas Ang II or Aldo alone at these doses did not affect these parameters. Ki-ras2A-siRNA treatment attenuated senescent VSMC, expression of p21, p53, p16 and p27, oxidative stress induced by Ang II or a lower dose combination of Ang II and Aldo.These results suggest that Ang II and Aldo exert cross-talk in VSMC senescence with involvement of oxidative stress and Ki-ras2A, and could provide a therapeutic benefit for age-related vascular disorders by blockade of both Ang II and Aldo.
Increased cellular expression of matrix proteins that regulate mineralization is associated with calcification of native human and porcine xenograft bioprosthetic heart valves.
Authors: S S Srivatsa, P J Harrity, P B Maercklein, L Kleppe, J Veinot, W D Edwards, C M Johnson, L A Fitzpatrick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Dystrophic mineralization remains the leading cause of stenotic or regurgitant failure in native human and porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. We hypothesized that cellular expression of noncollagenous matrix proteins (osteopontin, osteocalcin, and osteonectin) that regulate skeletal mineralization may orchestrate valvular calcification. Porcine bioprosthetic heart valves and native human heart valves obtained during replacement surgery were analyzed for cells, matrix proteins that regulate mineralization, and vessels. Cell accumulation and calcification were correlated for both valve types (rho = 0.75, P = 0.01, native; rho = 0.42, P = 0.08, bioprosthetic). Osteopontin expression correlated with cell accumulation (rho = 0.58, P = 0.04) and calcification (rho = 0.52, P = 0.06) for bioprosthetic valves. Osteocalcin expression correlated with calcification (rho = 0.77, P = 0.04) and cell accumulation (rho = 0.69, P = 0.07) in native valves. Comparisons of calcified versus noncalcified native and bioprosthetic valves for averaged total matrix protein mRNA signal score revealed increased noncollagenous proteins mRNA levels in calcified valves (P = 0.07, group I vs. group II; P = 0.02, group III vs. group IV). When stratified according to positive versus negative mRNA signal status, both calcified bioprosthetic valves (P = 0.03) and calcified native valves (P = 0.01) were significantly more positive for noncollagenous proteins mRNA than their noncalcified counterparts. Local cell-associated expression of proteins regulating mineralization suggests a highly coordinated mechanism of bioprosthetic and native valve calcification analogous to physiologic bone mineralization. Modulation of cellular infiltration or cellular expression of matrix proteins that regulate mineralization, may offer an effective therapeutic approach to the prevention of valve failure secondary to calcification.
Runaway Pacemaker A Persisting Problem
Authors: Alan D. Bramowitz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RECENT literature suggests that pacemaker tachycardia or runaway has become a rare problem. The phenomenon still occurs, however, and may be transient and difficult to document.  Report of a Case  An 85-year-old woman was brought to the emergency room after collapsing at home. She had had a Stanicor model 143 E7 ventricular inhibited pacer inserted transvenously at another hospital 261 days earlier for complete heart block with a slow ventricular rate. Her symptoms prior to the insertion were fatigue, lethargy, and syncope, as well as an episode of cerebral vascular insufficiency with transient left-sided weakness and dysarthria. She subsequently did well until the morning of admission, when she suddenly collapsed.  In the emergency room the patient was unresponsive and apneic, and her blood pressure was unobtainable. An electrocardiogram demonstrated the pacemaker artifact at a variable rate between 300 to 375 beats per minute (Figure). There was no sign of ventricular
When Doctors Marry Doctors
Authors: Bruce L. Rollman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters19 October 1999When Doctors Marry DoctorsBruce L. Rollman, MD, MPHBruce L. Rollman, MD, MPHUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Rollman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Sobecks and colleagues' cross-sectional study exploring the professional and family lives of contemporary married young physicians may lead readers to overgeneralize the findings (1). This report lacks information on key sociodemographic, personal, and professional factors that could have influenced respondents' replies. Absence of a control group of professionals of similar ages and education also makes it difficult to put Sobecks and colleagues' findings into a wider societal perspective.Given the respondents' mean age (37.5 years), it is conceivable that of the physicians who reported having one or more children (82%), most had a least one child younger ...References1. Sobecks NW, Justice AC, Hinze S, Chirayath HT, Lasek RJ, Chren MM, et al . When doctors marry doctors: a survey exploring the professional and family lives of young physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:312-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Berg D, Cerletty J, Byrd JC. The impact of educational loan burden on housestaff career decisions. J Gen Intern Med. 1993;8:143-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Doherty WJ, Burge SK. Divorce among physicians. Comparisons with other occupational groups. JAMA. 1989;261:2374-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Rollman BL, Mead LA, Wang NY, Klag MJ. Medical specialty and the incidence of divorce. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:800-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bruce L. Rollman, MD, MPHAffiliations: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Rollman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWhen Doctors Marry Doctors: A Survey Exploring the Professional and Family Lives of Young Physicians Nancy W. Sobecks , Amy C. Justice , Susan Hinze , Heidi Taylor Chirayath , Rebecca J. Lasek , Mary-Margaret Chren , John Aucott , Barbara Juknialis , Richard Fortinsky , Stuart Youngner , and C. Seth Landefeld When Doctors Marry Doctors C. Seth Landefeld Metrics Cited byBlood Culture Contamination: Persisting Problems and Partial Progress 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 631KeywordsChildrenCohort studies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Prospective Study of Acetaminophen Use and Newly Diagnosed Asthma among Women
Authors: R. Graham Barr, Catherine C. Wentowski, Gary C. Curhan, Samuel C. Somers, Meir J. Stampfer, Joel Schwartz, Frank E. Speizer, Carlos A. Camargo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Acetaminophen decreases glutathione levels in the lung, which may predispose to oxidative injury and bronchospasm. Acetaminophen use has been associated with asthma in cross-sectional studies and a birth cohort. We hypothesized that acetaminophen use would be associated with newly diagnosed adult-onset asthma in the Nurses' Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 121,700 women. Participants were first asked about frequency of acetaminophen use in 1990. Cases with asthma were defined as those with a new physician diagnosis of asthma between 1990 and 1996 plus reiteration of the diagnosis and controller medication use. Proportional hazard models included age, race, socioeconomic status, body mass index, smoking, other analgesic use, and postmenopausal hormone use. During 352,719 person-years of follow-up, 346 participants reported a new physician diagnosis of asthma meeting diagnostic criteria. Increasing frequency of acetaminophen use was positively associated with newly diagnosed asthma (p for trend = 0.006). The multivariate rate ratio for asthma for participants who received acetaminophen for more than 14 days per month was 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.39) compared with nonusers. It would be premature to recommend acetaminophen avoidance for patients with asthma, but further research on pulmonary responses to acetaminophen is necessary to confirm or refute these findings and to identify subgroups whose asthma may be modified by acetaminophen.
Plzf drives MLL-fusion–mediated leukemogenesis specifically in long-term hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Ryoichi Ono, Masahiro Masuya, Hideaki Nakajima, Yutaka Enomoto, Eri Miyata, Akihide Nakamura, Satomi Ishii, Kei Suzuki, Fumi Shibata-Minoshima, Naoyuki Katayama, Toshio Kitamura, Tetsuya Nosaka
Journal: Blood (2013)
Biological effects of short-term, high-concentration exposure to methyl isocyanate. VI. In vitro and in vivo complement activation studies.
Authors: W P Kolb, J R Savary, C M Troup, D E Dodd, J D Tamerius
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The ability of MIC to induce complement activation in vitro and in vivo was investigated. For the in vitro studies, both human and guinea pig serum or EDTA-plasma samples were exposed to 1167 to 1260 ppm MIC vapor for 15 min at room temperature. The human serum samples exposed to MIC showed significant reductions in Factor B, C2, C4, C3, C5, and total hemolytic complement CH50 activity levels. C6 functional activity was unaffected. The C3, C5, and CH50 functional activities in guinea pig serum (the only functional tests conducted on these samples) were more sensitive to MIC-mediated reduction than the corresponding activity reductions observed in the human serum samples. The human and single guinea pig EDTA-plasma samples exposed to MIC vapor showed no evidence of C3 consumption but did show significant reductions in CH50 levels. Thus, MIC vapor was able to activate, and thereby reduce serum complement C3 activity in vitro by a complement-dependent process. However, the data suggest at least one complement component other than C3 was inactivated in EDTA-plasma by a complement-independent mechanism. For the in vivo studies, five pairs of guinea pigs were exposed to 644 to 702 ppm MIC vapor until one of the pair died (11-15 min). MIC exposure was then discontinued, the surviving guinea pig was sacrificed, and EDTA-plasma was obtained from both animals and analyzed for complement consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN FAT, FISH, AND FIBRE INTAKES ON DEATH AND MYOCARDIAL REINFARCTION: DIET AND REINFARCTION TRIAL (DART)
Authors: M.L. Burr, J.F. Gilbert, R.M. Holliday, P.C. Elwood, A.M. Fehily, S. Rogers, P.M. Sweetnam, N.M. Deadman
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
John Lennon’s Elbow
Authors: Robert E. Hirschtick
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perforation of intestinal duplication by enteroliths after trauma.
Authors: P V Marks, A E Stunt
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Influenza virus, Santa Claus, or a mouse playing tennis?We have all lain on our backs, looked up at the clouds, and imagined all sorts of creatures there.Sometimes the same may happen with electron microscopy, and I recently produced this electron micrograph of an influenza virus.My colleagues and I have seen it variously as a caveman wielding a club, John
Is adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer here to stay?
Authors: T J Warke
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Winton T, Livingston R, Johnson D, et al . Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs observation in resected non-small cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med2005;352:2589–97 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In this study patients with completely resected stage IB or stage II non-small cell lung cancer were randomised to either adjuvant chemotherapy with vinorelbine and cisplatin (n = 242) or to observation (n = 240). The primary end point was overall median survival which was significantly prolonged in the chemotherapy group (94 v 73 … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DWinton%26rft.auinit1%253DT.%26rft.volume%253D352%26rft.issue%253D25%26rft.spage%253D2589%26rft.epage%253D2597%26rft.atitle%253DVinorelbine%2Bplus%2BCisplatin%2Bvs.%2BObservation%2Bin%2BResected%2BNon-Small-Cell%2BLung%2BCancer%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa043623%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15972865%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa043623&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15972865&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F9%2F729.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000229953700006&link_type=ISI
Important Advances in Oncology: 1986
Authors: John M. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1986)

These editors must have been taskmasters. They must have held contributors and the publisher to a strict deadline, and the result is that relatively rare commodity—a timely, hardbound book, an "update text" that is truly new. The volume is handsome enough, with a reasonable price, including even several elegant color plates where black-and-white photography would be useless because of subject matter (in the case of nevi) or less descriptive (in the schematic of chromosomal defects). The text is divided into two parts— basic research and clinical progress— each comprising half the content. There is ample bridging in most chapters. Basic science chapters always note the impact on the clinical sphere, and the clinical chapters demand an awareness of the background science. Overall, the emphasis is clearly toward the clinical. A chapter in the basic research section on the role of dietary fiber in cancer prevention has a very "non-basic science"
Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Important changes have taken place in the care of patients with acute myocardial infarctions. The concept that ischemic myocardium can be reperfused by means of thrombolytic therapy or angioplasty has fundamentally changed our approach to such patients; emphasis is now placed on the rapid restoration of blood flow to the jeopardized area.The importance and urgency of reperfusion increase with the amount of myocardium at risk. Electrocardiography is an extremely useful tool for determining the location and size of an acute myocardial infarct, and every patient in the emergency room or coronary care unit deserves a physician who knows how . . .
Commons committee slates inaction on obesity
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Chronic dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson9s disease (PD) leads to deleterious motor sequelae known as l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). No known therapeutic can eliminate LID, but preliminary evidence suggests that <i>dl</i>-1-isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2-propanol [(±)propranolol], a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist, may reduce LID. The present study used the rat unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine model of PD to characterize and localize the efficacy of (±)propranolol as an adjunct to therapy with l-DOPA. We first determined whether (±)propranolol was capable of reducing the development and expression of LID without impairing motor performance ON and OFF l-DOPA. Coincident to this investigation, we used reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction techniques to analyze the effects of chronic (±)propranolol on markers of striatal activity known to be involved in LID. To determine whether (±)propranolol reduces LID through βAR blockade, we subsequently examined each enantiomer separately because only the (−)enantiomer has significant βAR affinity. We next investigated the effects of a localized striatal βAR blockade on LID by cannulating the region and microinfusing (±)propranolol before systemic l-DOPA injections. Results showed that a dose range of (±)propranolol reduced LID without deleteriously affecting motor activity. Pharmacologically, only (−)propranolol had anti-LID properties indicating βAR-specific effects. Aberrant striatal signaling associated with LID was normalized with (±)propranolol cotreatment, and intrastriatal (±)propranolol was acutely able to reduce LID. This research confirms previous work suggesting that (±)propranolol reduces LID through βAR antagonism and presents novel evidence indicating a potential striatal locus of pharmacological action.
University Affiliation for Medical Schools
Authors: William A. Layman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Abraham Flexner published his now classic study, Medical Education in the United States and Canada  1 in 1910, and in the subsequent half century of reorganization and change, some medical schools were formed without university affiliation, while others sought and achieved this, and some evolved out of ongoing university structures. The relationship between medical schools and their affiliated universities has varied in form and type, dependent upon the particular situation in which the medical school found itself. Thus, Harvard moved the location of its medical school from the university campus at Cambridge to Boston in 1810, in order to make available to the students and faculty a greater range of patients and facilities. 2 Conversely, the medical school of Ohio State University was transferred to the university campus in 1914, 3 and Stanford, in 1959, changed the location of its medical school from San Francisco to the university campus at