tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
First year of an inner city general practitioner community hospital.
Authors: N T North, D J Hall, W E Kearns
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The first inner city general practitioner community hospital opened on 4 January 1982. This paper describes the operation of the hospital over the first 12 months. There were 316 admissions, with an average length of stay of 13 days. The average age of the patients was 73 and the most common reason for admission was disease of the respiratory system. Thirty five per cent of patients were admitted because of an acute illness and 37% were admitted on the same day as the request for admission. The policies of intermittent or phased care allowed for the admission of patients at regular intervals to relieve carers, and the assessment of the home circumstances of all patients allowed for planning the patient's return home.
History of Aromatase: Saga of an Important Biological Mediator and Therapeutic Target
Authors: R. J. Santen, H. Brodie, E. R. Simpson, P. K. Siiteri, A. Brodie
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Initial studies of its enzymatic activity and function took place in an environment focused on estrogen as a component of the birth control pill. At an early stage, investigators recognized that inhibition of this enzyme could have major practical applications for treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer, alterations of ovarian and endometrial function, and treatment of benign disorders such as gynecomastia. Two general approaches ultimately led to the development of potent and selective aromatase inhibitors. One targeted the enzyme using analogs of natural steroidal substrates to work out the relationships between structure and function. The other approach initially sought to block adrenal function as a treatment for breast cancer but led to the serendipitous finding that a nonsteroidal P450 steroidogenesis inhibitor, aminoglutethimide, served as a potent but nonselective aromatase inhibitor. Proof of the therapeutic concept of aromatase inhibition involved a variety of studies with aminoglutethimide and the selective steroidal inhibitor, formestane. The requirement for even more potent and selective inhibitors led to intensive molecular studies to identify the structure of aromatase, to development of high-sensitivity estrogen assays, and to "mega" clinical trials of the third-generation aromatase inhibitors, letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane, which are now in clinical use in breast cancer. During these studies, unexpected findings led investigators to appreciate the important role of estrogens in males as well as in females and in multiple organs, particularly the bone and brain. These studies identified the important regulatory properties of aromatase acting in an autocrine, paracrine, intracrine, neurocrine, and juxtacrine fashion and the organ-specific enhancers and promoters controlling its transcription. The saga of these studies of aromatase and the ultimate utilization of inhibitors as highly effective treatments of breast cancer and for use in reproductive disorders serves as the basis for this first Endocrine Reviews history manuscript.
Regulatory RNAs and paracrine networks in the heart
Authors: Janika Viereck, Claudia Bang, Ariana Foinquinos, Thomas Thum
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are two closely related adaptive response mechanisms of the myocardium to mechanical, metabolic, and genetic stress that finally contribute to the development of heart failure (HF). This relation is based on a dynamic interplay between many cell types including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts during disease progression. Both cell types secrete a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and hormones that influence hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth and fibrotic fibroblast activation in a paracrine and autocrine manner. It has become evident that, aside proteinous signals, microRNAs (miRNAs) and possible other RNA species such as long non-coding RNAs are potential players in such a cell-to-cell communication. By directly acting as paracrine signals or by modulating downstream intercellular signalling mediators, miRNAs can act as moderators of the intercellular crosstalk. These small regulators can potentially be secreted in a 'mircrine' fashion, so that miRNAs can be assumed as the message itself. This review will summarize the recent findings about the paracrine crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes and addresses how miRNAs may be involved in this interplay. It also highlights therapeutic strategies targeting factors of pathological communication for the treatment of HF.
Reversing the tuberculosis upwards trend: a success story in Romania
Authors: C. Marica, C. Didilescu, N. Galie, D. Chiotan, J. P. Zellweger, G. Sotgiu, L. D'Ambrosio, R. Centis, L. Ditiu, G. B. Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

At present, no published evidence is available on the effectiveness of the DOTS (directly observed treatment, short-course) strategy in reducing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) within a country in the European “hot spots”. The present study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy implementation in reversing the epidemiological TB trend in Romania based on programmatic data analysis. Key programme indicators were analysed from 1998 to 2007, and included DOTS coverage, case-detection rate, treatment success and overall incidence of notified cases. Internationally agreed definitions were used. The key programme indicators began declining and the World Health Assembly targets were reached (79% case-detection of new sputum-smear positive cases and 85.5% success rate in new culture-positive TB cases), 7 yrs after initiation of the DOTS expansion. The success story in Romania suggests that other middle-income, high-incidence countries ( i.e. those belonging to the former Soviet Union) might be able to reach the World Health Assembly Targets and curb the burden of tuberculosis.
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE VAGINA
Authors: LAWRENCE R. WHARTON
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Tubeculosis of the vagina is one of the rarest of all genecologic diseases. This extremely unusual condition is generally considered to be merely a subordinate lesion, almost invariably secondary to grave tuberculous disease ofthe uterus or fallopian tubes. This opinion dates back to the time of Klebs (1876) and prevails today in spite of the teaching of Williams,<sup>1</sup>Springer,<sup>2</sup>Schlimpert<sup>3</sup>and Norris.<sup>4</sup>If this view were correct, tuberculosis of the vagina would be entirely devoid of any clinical interest and unworthy of special study. My own clinical experience with this condition, although extremely limited, has been sufficiently interesting to impel me to make an independent investigation of the subject. A careful study of authentic cases in which complete examinations have been performed shows that tuberculosis of the vagina is not always secondary to tuberculosis of the uterus or fallopian tubes, but that, on the contrary, it
Impact of peginterferon and ribavirin therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma: Incidence and survival in hepatitis C patients with advanced fibrosis
Authors: Ana-Carolina Cardoso, Rami Moucari, Claudio Figueiredo-Mendes, Marie-Pierre Ripault, Nathalie Giuily, Corinne Castelnau, Nathalie Boyer, Tarik Asselah, Michelle Martinot-Peignoux, Sarah Maylin, Roberto J. Carvalho-Filho, Dominique Valla, Pierre Bedossa, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Single Postoperative Instillation of Gemcitabine in Patients with Non-muscle-invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase III Multicentre Study
Authors: Andreas Böhle, Herbert Leyh, Christian Frei, Michael Kühn, Reinhold Tschada, Tobias Pottek, Walter Wagner, Helmut H. Knispel, Wolfgang von Pokrzywnitzki, Ferruh Zorlu, Karin Helsberg, Birgit Lübben, Victoria Soldatenkova, Clemens Stoffregen, Hartwig Büttner
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Prospective study of post-transfusion hepatitis after cardiac surgery in a British centre.
Authors: J D Collins, M F Bassendine, A A Codd, A Collins, R E Ferner, O F James
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A series of 248 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery were examined in a prospective study of post-transfusion hepatitis in a single British centre. Patients received a total of 1796 units of blood or blood products (mean blood transfusion 6.28 units per patient). During five to 30 days after operation 38 of the patients showed an increase in serum transaminase activities. There was no serological evidence for fresh infection by hepatitis A or B virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or herpes virus in any of these patients. The increase in transaminase activities was unexplained and reached over 100 IU/l (normal less than 40 IU/l) in six patients. The incidence of acute short incubation post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis was therefore thought to be 2.4%. These six patients had normal liver function six months after transfusion but a further two of the surviving 228 patients had raised serum transaminase activities at six months. In one of these, liver biopsy disclosed chronic persistent hepatitis; in the other, alcoholic liver disease was suspected. The incidence of significant chronic liver disease after blood transfusion possibly attributable to a non-A, non-B hepatitis agent was therefore only 0.4%.
The Lepra Conference Again.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1898)

New York, Dec. 15, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Dyer, one of the editors of the<i>New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal</i>, has published on his return from Berlin, where he attended the Leprosy Conference, not only a very accurate (I have the Berlin<i>Wochenschrift</i>before me) report of the doings of the Conference, but also a very curious one. It has a quality, which I'll be bound, will not be encountered in any reports of the same events, now being published or hereafter to be given to the world by his European colleagues; it will be found even, or rather especially, outside of the profession intensely amusing. Would those Teutons, Latins, Scandinavians, Slavonians, have ever imagined that the novelty of their European festival, the great men assembled in the capital of Germany, the beer and the emperor could violently<i>wake to ecstasy the living lyre</i>of a Yankee (as
Unblocking beds: a geriatric unit's experience with transferred patients.
Authors: C J McAlpine
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A study was made of all patients admitted to a geriatric unit over several years. The admission policy included a high degree of priority to requests for transfer from acute beds, which resulted in transferred patients accounting for 25% of admissions. Unblocking acute beds did not lead to prolonged delay in admitting patients from the community to the geriatric unit. Almost 30% of beds allocated to transferred patients were recovered in 30 days.
181 DOSE-DEPENDENT REDUCTIONS IN SERUM FERRITIN CORRELATE WITH CHANGES IN SERUM TRANSAMINASE LEVELS DURING LONG-TERM IRON CHELATION THERAPY WITH DEFERASIROX (EXJADE®, ICL670)
Authors: P. Brissot, P. Cianciulli, H. Cario, B. Rabault, Y. Deugnier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Abstract 1335: Association between polymorphisms of APE1 and OGG1 genes and risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan.
Authors: Chih-Ching Yeh, Ling-Ling Hsieh, Reiping Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Previous studies indicated that oxidative damages resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation participate in all stages of the cancer process. Mutagenic 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, one of the major DNA lesions generated by ROS, is preferentially repaired by 8-oxoguanine glycosylase I (OGG1) and apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). Since polymorphisms of OGG1 S326C, R154H and APE1 D148E, T-656G were associated with the enzyme activities, this study was designed to evaluate the roles of the OGG1 and APE1 polymorphisms in CRC risk. Method: We recruited 727 newly diagnosed colorectal adenocarcinoma cases and 736 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in a medical center. Genomic DNA isolated from buffy coat was used for genotyping by PCR methods. Because the frequency of the sequence variants of OGG1 R154H was too low (H allele was 0.14%), this polymorphism was excluded in further data analysis. Unconditional logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Subjects with OGG1 326 Ser/Cys genotype had an increased CRC risk (OR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.06-2.04) compared to those carrying the Ser/Ser genotype, particularly among individuals aged more than 60 years (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.02-2.05). However, there was no significant association between APE1 polymorphisms and CRC risk. Conclusion: Our results indicated that OGG1 S326C polymorphism may associate with CRC risk in Taiwanese population, whereas APE1 polymorphisms may not modulate this disease risk. Citation Format: Chih-Ching Yeh, Ling-Ling Hsieh, Reiping Tang. Association between polymorphisms of APE1 and OGG1 genes and risk of colorectal cancer in Taiwan. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1335. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1335
A retrospective analysis of contact allergy to lanolin
Authors: S.H. Wakelin, H. Smith, I.R. White, R.J.G. Rycroft, J.P. Mcfadden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Lanolin is often stated to be an important sensitizer but some of the available literature is based on the analysis of high-risk patients.To analyse the frequency of contact allergy to lanolin (wool alcohols) in a central London teaching hospital patch-test population.Review of 24,449 patients recorded on our database during 1982--96 who were tested with a standard series containing 30% wool alcohols.The mean annual rate of sensitivity to this allergen was 1.7%. The wool alcohols-allergic group contained a higher proportion of females (P < 0.05), and the mean age of both males and females (48.4 and 49.2 years) was higher than that of non-wool alcohols-allergic patients (41.4 and 35.9 years; P < 0.0005). There was no difference in atopic eczema status between these groups. The highest prevalence of allergy to wool alcohols was among patients with lower leg dermatitis (6.0%; 95% confidence interval, CI 4.46--7.54), followed by those with anogenital dermatitis (3.23%; 95% CI 1.81--4.65). There was an unexplained decline in the rate of positive patch tests to Amerchol L-101. However, some patients who reacted to this were negative with wool alcohols, so it may be a useful additional test reagent. The mean rates of allergy to Eucerin (0.65% per annum) and 50% hydrogenated lanolin in petrolatum (1% per annum) were low, and we no longer use these as test reagents.This study illustrates that lanolin sensitization has remained at a relatively low and constant rate even in a high-risk population (i.e. patients with recent or active eczema).
Reduction in Maternal Circulating Ouabain Impairs Offspring Growth and Kidney Development
Authors: Moran Dvela-Levitt, Hagit Cohen-Ben Ami, Haim Rosen, Asher Ornoy, Drorith Hochner-Celnikier, Menachem Granat, David Lichtstein
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2014)

Ouabain, a steroid present in the circulation and in various tissues, was shown to affect the growth and viability of various cells in culture. To test for the possible influence of this steroid on growth and viability in vivo, we investigated the involvement of maternal circulating ouabain in the regulation of fetal growth and organ development. We show that intraperitoneal administration of anti-ouabain antibodies to pregnant mice resulted in a >80% decline in the circulating ouabain level. This reduction caused a significant decrease in offspring body weight, accompanied by enlargement of the offspring heart and inhibition of kidney and liver growth. Kidney growth inhibition was manifested by a decrease in the size and number of nephrons. After the reduction in maternal circulating ouabain, kidney expression of cyclin D1 was reduced and the expression of the α1 isoform of the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase was increased. In addition, the elevation of proliferation signals including ERK1/2, p-90RSK, Akt, PCNA, and Ki-67, and a reduction in apoptotic factors such as Bax, caspase-3, and TUNEL were detected. During human pregnancy, the circulating maternal ouabain level increased and the highest concentration of the steroid was found in the placenta. Furthermore, circulating ouabain levels in women with small-for-gestational age neonates were significantly lower than the levels in women with normal-for-gestational age newborns. These results support the notion that ouabain is a growth factor and suggest that a reduction in the concentration of this hormone during pregnancy may increase the risk of impaired growth and kidney development.
873. Development of High Throughput Functional Screening of Cardiovascular Therapeutic Genes Using the HVJ-E Vector
Authors: Tomoyuki Nishikawa, Hironori Nakagami, Atsuhi Matsuki, Yukihiro Saito, Ryuichi Morishita, Katsuto Tamai, Yasufumi Kaneda
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Isolation of effective therapeutic genes to control angiogenesis is critical for the advancement of gene therapy for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The goal of the present study is to screen a human cDNA library using Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan envelope (HVJ-E) vector to isolate candidate genes to regulate endothelial cell growth with potent therapeutic potential. cDNA library were randomly infused into HVJ-E vector, which were then transferred to Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC) that were seeded in 96-well plates. Then, the MTS assay revealed variable HAEC proliferation among individual wells. To characterize the candidate genes responsible for inducing or reducing endothelial cell proliferation, DNA was extracted from the cell population showing the highest or lowest degree of proliferation and was then transformed directly into E. coli. Use of this system allowed isolation of candidate genes rapidly, because HVJ-E vector does not require preparation of a viral library or packaging cell constructions. In addition, use of this vector allows easy cloning of candidate genes by transformation of E. Coli (12–16 hours). These advantages resulted in a lower probability of damage to isolated clones and in minimization of the time needed to screen for candidate genes. We further evaluated the candidate genes by c-fos promoter assay, and finally got three pro-angiogenic and two anti-angiogenic candidate genes. Interestingly, one of the identified growth suppressive gene is also known as CHMP1B or CHMP1.5, a human homologue of yeast SNF7p (sucrose non-fermenting). The CHMP family of proteins participates in intracellular membrane traffic event, of which the endocytic pathway is an important component. Further, a recent study reported that CHMP 1B binds to spastin, a protein that is abnormal in the most common form of pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. Overall, this novel system will help advance our understanding of cell biology and promote the utility of human gene therapy.
773 SERUM HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN LEVELS TO GUIDE THE CESSATION OF ENTECAVIR IN HEPATITIS B e ANTIGEN-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: W.-K. Seto, A.J. Hui, V.W.-S. Wong, G.L.-H. Wong, K. Liu, C.-L. Lai, M.-F. Yuen, H.L.-Y. Chan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Treatment of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease with oral etoposide
Authors: Duncan Scott, Lisa Cabral, William J. Harrington
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) is a lymphoproliferative disorder that can be defined based upon both clinical and pathological characteristics. The clinical features of this frequently fatal disease include fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, fatigue, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and pancytopenia. Recently, severe forms of this disease have been diagnosed in HIV positive patients. Human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences have been detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and MCD, regardless of HIV infection status. Treatment and outcomes in HIV associated MCD are generally unfavorable. We recently treated two HIV-positive patients diagnosed with aggressive MCD with daily oral etoposide (50 mg). The first patient had relapsed on several occasions despite previous therapy with doxil, paclitaxel, and oral ganciclovir. The second patient was treatment naive. Both patients had HHV-8 detectable by polymerase chain reaction in PBMCs, widespread tumor, and B-type symptoms when therapy was initiated. In both cases remissions (documented by computerized tomography) have been durable, 1.5 and 6 months, respectively, with minimal side effects. Oral etoposide may be a safe, tolerable, and active agent in MCD. Am. J. Hematol. 66:148–150, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cyclic GMP-Gated CNG Channels Function in Sema3A-Induced Growth Cone Repulsion
Authors: Kazunobu Togashi, Melanie J. von Schimmelmann, Makoto Nishiyama, Chae-Seok Lim, Norihiro Yoshida, Bokyoung Yun, Robert S. Molday, Yoshio Goshima, Kyonsoo Hong
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Changes in the properties of normal human red blood cells during in vivo aging
Authors: Robert S. Franco, M. Estela Puchulu‐Campanella, Latorya A. Barber, Mary B. Palascak, Clinton H. Joiner, Philip S. Low, Robert M. Cohen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

The changes in red blood cells (RBC) as they age and the mechanisms for their eventual removal have been of interest for many years. Proposed age-related changes include dehydration with increased density and decreased size, increased membrane IgG, loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, and decreased activity of KCl cotransport. The biotin RBC label allows unambiguous identification of older cells and exploration of their properties as they age. Autologous normal human RBC were labeled ex vivo and, after reinfusion, compared with unlabeled RBC throughout their lifespan. RBC density increased with age, with most of the change in the first weeks. Near the end of their lifespan, RBC had increased surface IgG. However, there was no evidence for elevated external phosphatidylserine (PS) even though older RBC had significantly lower activity of aminophospholipid translocase (APLT). KCl cotransport activity persisted well past the reticulocyte stage, but eventually decreased as the RBC became older. These studies place limitations on the use of density fractionation for the study of older human RBC, and do not support loss of phospholipid asymmetry as a mechanism for human RBC senescence. However, increased levels of IgG were associated with older RBC, and may contribute to their removal from the circulation.