tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optimal timing of liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: W. Ray Kim, Russell H. Wiesner, Terry M. Therneau, John J. Poterucha, Michael K. Porayko, Roger W. Evans, Goran B. Klintmalm, Jeffrey S. Crippin, Ruud A. Krom, E. Rolland Dickson
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

In 1989, we reported on the efficacy of liver transplantation in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) by demonstrating that the actual patient survival following transplantation was significantly better than without transplantation as predicted by a mathematical survival model ("Mayo natural history model"). Our aim in this investigation was to determine an optimal time to perform liver transplantation in PBC. One hundred forty-three patients with PBC undergoing liver transplantation were followed prospectively. Disease severity was measured immediately before transplantation by a summary score ("risk score") used in the Mayo natural history model, namely age, bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, and the presence or absence of edema. Proportional hazards analyses were performed assessing patient survival following transplantation. The influence of disease severity immediately pretransplantation on resource utilization for liver transplantation was assessed. Compared with our report in 1989, liver transplantation was performed at an earlier stage of disease (e.g., median risk score: 7.5 vs. 8.3; P < .01). Following transplantation, patient survival probabilities at 1, 2, and 5 years were 93%, 90%, and 88%, respectively. In the proportional hazards analysis, the risk of death following transplantation remained low until reaching a risk score of 7.8. In contrast, risk scores greater than 7.8 were associated with a progressively increased mortality. Resource utilization measured by the days in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital and the requirement for intraoperative blood transfusions was significantly greater in recipients who had higher risk scores before transplantation. Our data suggest that an optimal timing for liver transplantation, as determined by patient survival and resource utilization, appears to be at a risk score around 7.8 in patients with PBC.
Putting Cholesterol Control on a Diet
Authors: David D. Grove
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  In the July 7 issue Dr Palumbo 1 editorializes on the cost for screening and treatment of cholesterol levels in the entire population. Careful observers of the letters sections of several journals will have noted a thin stream of protests from various parts of the country, over the last several years, regarding the numbing costs of the great cholesterol public health initiative, if applied as recommended by the National Cholesterol Education Program. It seems that at last some of those considerations have come to the attention of mainstream academia.  I only regret that such considerations have followed, rather than preceded, the publication of the National Cholesterol Education Program, which may produce the largest collection of malpractice litigation ever seen in this country if the courts come to agree that failure to apply the explicit algorithms and recommendations constitutes negligence. The fact that the program contains a disclaimer
Smokers' rights group challenges New York City's ban on e-cigarettes
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A smokers’ rights group has filed a suit challenging New York City’s ban on the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in enclosed public spaces.

The law, which the New York City Council passed last December, amended an earlier statute, the 1995 Smoke-Free Air Act, which banned the smoking of tobacco in many enclosed public places.

E-cigarettes are battery powered devices …
Induction of catalase, alpha, and microsomal glutathione S-transferase in CYP2E1 overexpressing HepG2 cells and protection against short-term oxidative stress
Authors: M Marí
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be one of the mechanisms by which ethanol is hepatotoxic. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase detoxify H2O2. Glutathione S-transferases (GST) provide protection from membrane lipid peroxidation, have GSH peroxidase activity, and reduce lipid hydroperoxides. Previous studies showed an up-regulation of GSH synthesis in CYP2E1 expressing HepG2 cells; this finding prompted an evaluation of the levels of other antioxidant exzymes. In CYP2E1 expressing cells, the alpha and microsomal GST messenger RNA (mRNA) are increased by 4- and 2-fold, respectively, and catalase protein and mRNA is increased by 2-fold. The increase in alpha and microsomal GST mRNA correlates with increased total enzymatic activity and is caused by increased transcription as evidenced by run-on transcription assays. In HepG2 cells transfected to express a different cytochrome P450, CYP3A4, there was an increase in alpha GST. However, in contrast to the CYP2E1 expressing cells, neither microsomal GST nor catalase were induced, suggesting some specificity for CYP2E1. In agreement with an increased antioxidant defense system, the sensitivity to added prooxidants such as menadione, antimycin A, H2O2, and 4-hydroxynonenal was lower in the CYP2E1 expressing cells as compared with control cells. In conclusion, overexpression of CYP2E1 in HepG2 cells, besides elevating total GSH levels, also induces expression of catalase and alpha and microsomal GST. This induction confers resistance to the cells against several prooxidants and is suggested to reflect an adaptive response by the cells against CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress.
Trends in the Overuse of Ambulatory Health Care Services in the United States
Authors: Minal S. Kale, Tara F. Bishop, Alex D. Federman, Salomeh Keyhani
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

<h3>Background</h3>Given the rising costs of health care, policymakers are increasingly interested in identifying the inefficiencies in our health care system. The objective of this study was to determine whether the overuse and misuse of health care services in the ambulatory setting has decreased in the past decade.<h3>Methods</h3>Cross-sectional analysis of the 1999 and 2009 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient department component of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, which are nationally representative annual surveys of visits to non–federally funded ambulatory care practices. We applied 22 quality indicators using a combination of current quality measures and guideline recommendations. The main outcome measures were the rates of underuse, overuse, and misuse and their 95% CIs.<h3>Results</h3>We observed a statistically significant improvement in 6 of 9 underuse quality indicators. There was an improvement in the use of antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation; the use of aspirin, β-blockers, and statins in coronary artery disease; the use of β-blockers in congestive heart failure; and the use of statins in diabetes mellitus. We observed an improvement in only 2 of 11 overuse quality indicators, 1 indicator became worse, and 8 did not change. There was a statistically significant decrease in the overuse of cervical cancer screening in visits for women older than 65 years and in the overuse of antibiotics in asthma exacerbations. However, there was an increase in the overuse of prostate cancer screening in men older than 74 years. Of the 2 misuse indicators, there was a decrease in the proportion of patients with a urinary tract infection who were prescribed an inappropriate antibiotic.<h3>Conclusions</h3>We found significant improvement in the delivery of underused care but more limited changes in the reduction of inappropriate care. With the high cost of health care, these results are concerning.
Polyp surveillance in patients with limited life expectancy
Authors: R. L. Koretz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Simultaneous expression of lymphoid and myeloid phenotypes in acute leukemia arising from myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Norio Komatsu, Minoru Yoshida, Mitsuoki Eguchi, Makoto Akashi, Ryuhei Sasaki, Shinobu Sakamoto, Yasusada Miura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract A 57‐year‐old female developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) that terminated as a biphenotypic leukemia after exposure to chemoradiotherapy. Double staining of blast cells, using monoclonal antibodies specific for myeloid and lymphoid lineage, demonstrated that one‐third of the leukemic cells simultaneously expressed the E rosette‐associated antigen (OKT11) and myeloid‐associated antigen (MY7). This finding suggests the possibility that some cases of MDS are clonal disorders that arise in a pluripotent stem cell that can also differentiate to T cell lineage.
B E Christopher Nordin
Authors: A. Coopes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Osteoporosis researcher who became known as the “Calcium King”



A seminal figure in osteoporosis research, whose work on vitamin D, calcium, and menopause was critical to modern thinking about bone metabolism, B E Christopher Nordin was a man of singular determination, who swapped the foreign service and political ambitions for a career in medicine.

Born to an English mother and Swedish father in London on 14 March 1920, Borje Edgar Christopher Nordin regarded himself as an Anglo-Swedish Finn. His parents met in Milan as students on the opera scene just before the first world war, and his grandmother, Mary Marshall Kennedy, was one of the “Cambridge Five”—the first female students admitted. She was one of his earliest influences and sparked a lifelong passion for learning.

An aptitude for languages—he was fluent in English, Swedish, French, and German—led him to the British Legation in Stockholm during the second world war, where he worked as a translator and nursed loftier ambitions.

“My intention was to go into politics by way of journalism . . . I was fascinated by the House of Commons and thought I could get into this career by way of journalism, and into journalism by way of languages,” he wrote in an unpublished 2012 memoir.

Realising he could never rise through the diplomatic ranks without a degree, Nordin decided to enrol in university and, with the encouragement of his mother, chose medicine—parting ways with politics, though always destined …
Kaposi's sarcoma of the lung: radiography and pathology.
Authors: D P Misra, E V Sunderrajan, D J Hurst, J D Maltby
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm of multifocal origin apparently derived from fibroblastic and vascular elements and predominantly involving the skin.In 10 to 20% of patients with the neoplasm, associated lesions may occur in the lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, heart, bone, and spleen in order of decreasing frequency.Kaposi's sarcoma in a previously healthy person occurring in the internal organs without cutaneous lesions isexceedingly rare.Sucha case, with predominantly thoracic involvement is presented here.Case report
Occupational asthma in an electronics factory: a case control study to evaluate aetiological factors
Authors: P S. Burge, W H Perks, I M O'Brien, A Burge, R Hawkins, D Brown, M Green
Journal: Thorax (1979)

This is the final part of a study carried out to investigate occupational asthma due to sensitivity to colophony fumes (a component of soldering flux) in an electronics factory. Fifty-eight workers with occupational asthma employed on the main shop floor were investigated. In them the interval between first exposure and sensitisation varied widely with a group becoming sensitive within one to two years of first exposure, and another group whose sensitisation was delayed for three to 23 years. Once sensitised the interval between arriving at work and the onset of daily symptoms seemed to be bimodally distributed, resembling the immediate and late asthmatic symptoms seen on provocation testing. Twenty-three out of 58 had no definite daily deterioration at work but improved at the weekends. Wheeze and breathlessness occurred in the evenings at home in most, and one-third were woken by breathlessness at least on some nights. These 58 cases were compared with 48 controls without occupational asthma who had worked on the same shop floor for at least four years. Mean levels of FEV<sub>1</sub> were significantly worse in the cases before exposure on Monday morning. The cases also had more than twice as much sickness absence as controls. FEV<sub>1</sub> fell by more than 10% over a working shift in 33% of cases and 5% of controls. Atopy (a positive skin prick test to one or more common allergens) and a past history of allergic disease were weakly but significantly associated with being a case. The effects of smoking and a family history of allergic disease were trivial. Prick testing with an antigen derived from the colophony in the solder flux was completely negative, but cases and controls had significantly raised levels of total IgM compared with blood bank controls, perhaps suggesting some previously unrecognised immunological process.
Yeast in Tuberculosis—A Claim to Priority.
Authors: Julius Ullman.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Baruch Spinoza-such names as these are but a moiety among those of the world's nobility, whose precious lives were cut off in thei rprime by the "Great White Plague."Food and Feeding.-Fewthings can be more curious than the change which has been passing over the public mind, in the course of the last few years, with reference to food and
Eosinophilic esophagitis: Updated consensus recommendations for children and adults
Authors: Chris A. Liacouras, Glenn T. Furuta, Ikuo Hirano, Dan Atkins, Stephen E. Attwood, Peter A. Bonis, A. Wesley Burks, Mirna Chehade, Margaret H. Collins, Evan S. Dellon, Ranjan Dohil, Gary W. Falk, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep K. Gupta, David A. Katzka, Alfredo J. Lucendo, Jonathan E. Markowitz, Richard J. Noel, Robert D. Odze, Philip E. Putnam, Joel E. Richter, Yvonne Romero, Eduardo Ruchelli, Hugh A. Sampson, Alain Schoepfer, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Scott H. Sicherer, Stuart Spechler, Jonathan M. Spergel, Alex Straumann, Barry K. Wershil, Marc E. Rothenberg, Seema S. Aceves
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Feather wreath lung: chasing a dead bird
Authors: FJ Meyer, PC Bauer, U Costabel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

We report the case of a 50 year old clerk with chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to a wreath of feathers from his dead budgerigar hanging in his living-room. Diagnosis was confirmed by serum precipitins, bronchoalveolar lavage and open lung biopsy. It is important to recognize unusual sources of exposure in this disease.
Congenital Heart Defects and Developmental and Other Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Morten Olsen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Vibeke E. Hjortdal, Thomas D. Christensen, Lars Pedersen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

We examined the risk of psychiatric in-patient admissions and out-patient visits among Danish patients with congenital heart defects (CHD).Using the Danish National Registry of Patients, we identified CHD patients born January 1, 1977, to January 1, 2002. For each patient, we randomly selected 10 population-comparison cohort members from the Danish Civil Registration System, matched by sex and birth year. We computed cumulative risk and hazard ratios (HRs) of time to first psychiatric in-patient admission or out-patient visit identified in the Danish Psychiatric Central Registry and adjusted for parents' educational level and parents' psychiatric morbidity. We identified 6927 CHD patients. At 15 years of age, the cumulative risk of psychiatric admissions or out-patient visits was 5.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2%-6.6%) among CHD patients. The HRs for CHD patients and comparison cohort members aged 0 to 14 years were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5-2.1) for males and 2.5 (95% CI: 2.0-3.1) for females. For patients aged 15 to 30 years, the HRs were 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2-2.0) for males and 1.0 (95% CI: 0.8-1.3) for females. Congenital heart defect patients, both with and without invasive therapeutic interventions or extracardiac defects or syndromes, had a higher risk of psychiatric in-patient admissions or out-patient visits than comparison cohort members. After restriction of the comparison cohort to patients with diabetes mellitus or asthma (n=2554), the HR was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.07-1.85) for patients aged 0 to 14 years and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.94) for patients aged 15 to 30 years.Congenital heart disease patients with or without invasive therapeutic interventions are at increased risk of developmental and other psychiatric disorders, which seem to develop earlier than in patients with diabetes mellitus or asthma.
Human wound fluid from acute wounds stimulates fibroblast and endothelial cell growth
Authors: Matthew H. Katz, Alfred F. Alvarez, Robert S. Kirsner, William H. Eaglstein, Vincent Falanga
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)

One proposed mechanism for the beneficial effect of occlusive dressings on healing is the maintenance of contact between the wound bed and accumulated wound fluid, which is thought to contain growth stimulatory substances. We have examined the effect of human wound fluid on the in vitro growth of human dermal fibroblasts and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Acute wound fluid was collected from six patients undergoing split-thickness skin grafting. The acute wound fluid was sterilely collected daily from underneath a vapor-permeable membrane applied to the donor site and changed every 24 hours for 3 days postoperatively. After seeding in optimal growth media (control) on day 0, cultures of human dermal fibroblasts and umbilical vein endothelial cells were supplemented with or without acute wound fluid on the next day (day 1) and on day 3. As determined by cell counts, 2% acute wound fluid stimulated the growth of human dermal fibroblasts (p less than 0.05) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (p less than 0.01) when these cells were cultured in 2% fetal bovine serum and endothelial growth medium, respectively. Wound fluid from postoperative days 1 or 3 caused the same level of stimulation. The addition of an anti-platelet-derived growth factor antibody to wound fluid resulted in a 45% mean reduction in its stimulatory effect on fibroblast growth (p less than 0.02), suggesting that platelet-derived growth factor contributes to the observed effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The new BMJ policy on sharing data from drug and device trials
Authors: F. Godlee, T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Last month the BMJ announced a new policy on sharing data from clinical trials. 1 From January 2013, trials of drugs and medical devices will be considered for publication only if the authors commit to making the relevant anonymised patient level data available on reasonable request. 2 This new policy will apply to any paper that reports the main endpoints of a randomised controlled trial of one or more drugs or medical devices in current use, whether or not the trial was funded by industry (box).Why the new policy?Because it is no longer possible to pretend that a report of a clinical trial in a medical journal is enough to allow full independent scrutiny of the results.Journals are, of course, not the only potential channel for such scrutiny, but as long as publication remains the main currency for academic recognition, journals have a responsibility to use what power they have to push for greater transparency.If research is to help doctors and patients make the best clinical decisions, it must be reliable and reproducible, but these are qualities that current peer review processes cannot assure.
Self-certification for Brief Spells of Sickness Absence
Authors: P. J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1969)

An arrangement is described for manual workers of an oil refinery to certify their own short spells of sickness absence instead of obtaining a medical certificate. No serious abuse has been found, and these spells of absence are more evenly spread throughout the week than those certified by a doctor. This system can help to reduce both the work-load of practitioners and the lost time in industry.
Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Occurs at All Stages of Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Ji Zhou, Šárka Lhoták, Brooke A. Hilditch, Richard C. Austin
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Apoptotic cell death contributes to atherosclerotic lesion instability, rupture, and thrombogenicity. Recent findings suggest that free cholesterol (FC) accumulation in macrophages induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptotic cell death; however, it is not known at what stage of lesion development the UPR is induced in macrophages or whether a correlation exists between UPR activation, FC accumulation, and apoptotic cell death. Methods and Results— Aortic root sections from apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE −/− ) mice at 9 weeks of age (early-lesion group) or 23 weeks of age (advanced-lesion group) fed a standard chow diet were examined for markers of UPR activation (GRP78, phospho-PERK, CHOP, and TDAG51), apoptotic cell death (TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3), and lipid accumulation (filipin and oil red O). UPR markers were dramatically increased in very early intimal macrophages and in macrophage foam cells from fatty streaks and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Although accumulation of FC was observed in early-lesion–resident macrophage foam cells, no evidence of apoptotic cell death was observed; however, UPR activation, FC accumulation, and apoptotic cell death were observed in a small percentage of advanced-lesion–resident macrophage foam cells. Conclusions— UPR activation occurs at all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development. The additional finding that macrophage apoptosis did not correlate with UPR activation and FC accumulation in early-lesion–resident macrophages suggests that activation of other cellular mediators and/or pathways are required for apoptotic cell death.
Significance or propranolol effects on the irregularity of ventricular rate in chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: S. Rokas, S. Gaitanidou, S. Chatzidou, N. Agnos, J. Antonellis, J. Darsinos, S. Stamatelopoulos, S. Moulopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)