tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PET/CT Illustration of Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Left Mandibular Foramen
Authors: Gopi Kota, Pushpender Gupta, Akiva Mintz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Mental nerve neuropathy (numb chin/lip syndrome) is a sensory neuropathy presenting with numbness in the distribution of the inferior alveolar nerve/mental nerve (chin and lower lip). This is typically unilateral and can be secondary to dental disease or malignancy. When caused by malignancy, these symptoms can be either an initial presentation of an unsuspected tumor or progressive metastatic disease, both of which would indicate poor prognosis. We describe a 48-year-old female patient with a history of breast cancer who presented with left chin numbness and manifested a metastatic lesion involving the left mandibular foramen on PET/CT and subsequent MRI.
Cardiovascular morbidity and early mortality cluster in parents of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Authors: L Tarnow, P Rossing, F S Nielsen, J A Fagerudd, O Poirier, H H Parving
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

A familial predisposition was proposed to be a determinant of the increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. The insertion allele of an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the ACE (ACE/ID) gene seems to protect against coronary heart disease in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate these hypotheses in parents of a large group of type 1 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy.We investigated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of parents of 163 type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy and parents of 163 sex- and age-matched normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes.Kaplan-Meier curves showed that total parental mortality was significantly increased in parents of type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy (121 of 244 [ approximately 50%] ) as compared with parents of normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients (119 of 269 [approximately 44%]) (P = 0.008 [log-rank test]) partially due to an increase in cardiovascular deaths (48 of 244 [approximately 20%] vs. 42 of 269 [approximately 16%], P<0.05). In addition, more patients with nephropathy, as compared with the normoalbuminuric group, had at least one parent with fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (46% [95% CI 38-54] vs. 36% [28-44], P = 0.05). Fathers of patients homozygous for the I-allele of the ACE/ID polymorphism had significantly less myocardial infarction as compared with other genotypes (P = 0.03), regardless of the nephropathic state of the offspring.Cardiovascular morbidity and early mortality clusters in parents of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy The ACE/ID polymorphism helps explain the increased morbidity from cardiovascular disease.
High PSA levels may show body is fighting cancer
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

New research shows that prostate specific antigen (PSA), a commonly used serum marker of prostate cancer, inhibits the formation of new blood vessels and consequently slows the progression of the disease (Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1999;91:1635-40).

The finding may explain the characteristic indolent nature of most prostate cancers and calls into question experimental vaccine strategies that involve vaccinating people against the antigen.

Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels, is essential for tumour growth and metastasis, and many cancers are thought to produce angiogenic substances to promote their own growth. Accordingly, several research groups and biotechnology firms are hunting for angiogenesis inhibitors to use as antineoplastic agents.

Although used as both a screening test for …
Pro-inflammatory mediators induce sustained release of prostaglandin E2 from human dermal microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: HELEN A. BULL, M.H.A. RUSTIN, J. SPAULL, J. COHEN, E. WILSON-JONES, PAULINE M. DOWD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The vasodilator prostaglandin E2 has been proposed as a mediator of erythema in a variety of cutaneous inflammatory reactions and prostacyclin levels have been found to be elevated in ultraviolet induced erythema. Human recombinant interleukin iα and lipopolysaccharide induced a concentration- and time-dependent release of prostaglandin E2, but not prostacyclin, from cultured neonatal and adult human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Prostaglandin E2 was measurable at 2 h after stimulation with i U/ml interleukin Iα, levels increased rapidly up to 6 h and more slowly up to 24 h. Lipopolysaccharide (20 μg/ml) induced measurable release of prostaglandin E2 between 2 and 4 h after stimulation and release continued up to 24 h when incubation was terminated. With both agonists, release of prostaglandin E2 was inhibited by indomethacin and significantly reduced by cycloheximide. The sensitivity and magnitude of responses of the cutaneous endothelial cells to these pro-inflammatory stimuli appeared to be dependent on their derivation.
DSM-IV field trial: testing a new proposal for somatization disorder
Authors: S H Yutzy, C R Cloninger, S B Guze, E F Pribor, R L Martin, R G Kathol, G R Smith, J J Strain
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate for APA a proposed strategy to diagnose somatization disorder for possible inclusion in DSM-IV.Five sites--Washington University, University of Kansas, University of Iowa, University of Arkansas, and Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York--participated in a collaborative field trial. Female subjects (N = 353) were recruited from several different services (psychiatry, internal medicine, and family practice) and were evaluated for the presence or absence of the disorder. This assessment was performed with a new instrument constructed by combining all the criteria for somatization disorder from the proposed criteria for DSM-IV, DSM-III, DSM-III-R, Perley-Guze, and proposed criteria for ICD-10.A high level of concordance was found between the proposed diagnostic strategy for DSM-IV and the current criteria (DSM-III-R), as well as the earlier criteria (Perley-Guze and DSM-III). The ICD-10 criteria agreed poorly with all other criteria sets. The level of experience of the rater (expert versus novice) with the earlier (Perley-Guze, DSM-III) and current (DSM-III-R) criteria did not influence the identification of cases by use of DSM-IV criteria. No racial effect was introduced by any of the criteria sets.The strategy for DSM-IV is an accurate and simpler method of diagnosing somatization disorder that does not require special expertise for proper use.
REPORT OF AN EPIDEMIC OF PARATYPHOID FEVER IN PATRONS OF A CAFETERIA
Authors: E. M. WADE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

March 25, 1921, investigation of the outbreak here reported was requested by the chief of the department of medicine and by the director of the students' health service of the University of Minnesota. Our attention was called to the facts that all known cases were in men, and all had eaten at the men's union cafeteria on the university campus. At that time there were twenty-five or thirty known cases in students suffering from an acute febrile condition associated with prostration and various symptoms of gastro-intestinal and respiratory disturbances. Owing to the rapid onset, the character and mildness of the symptoms, accompanied by fever, with disproportionate prostration, and followed by rapid subsidence of acute symptoms, the disease had been considered to be influenza of an intestinal type. On the date mentioned, with the appearance of rose spots in a few cases, and the finding of the Widal reaction to be
The Achilles heel of endothelin receptor therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: P. A. Corris, D. Langleben
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

cross-sectional study and, although, for purposes of understanding, we presented the results in terms of the mean values of individual contributing variables, the cluster technique uses a multivariable distance measure in nine dimensions; thus, the associations between the contributing variables may be more complex than this.Apart from determining the natural history of these clusters in our cohort study, other forms of external validation, such as developing a clinical allocation rule and determining the response of different phenotypes to therapy, will also contribute understanding to the different phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Watch the wood
Authors: M. E. Black
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Four years ago I consulted briefly for the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, twinning women led businesses with industry specialists from abroad. This brought me to a window factory in the middle of Serbia, working with Jukka, a world expert in windows. We surveyed the factory floor, a hive of activity, with diligent workers running around and machinery whining away. First aid kits were in place, and they even had clean curtains in the employee cafeteria.

“This is impressive!” I concluded.

“Yes, but look at the wood,” replied my sanguine Finnish colleague. …
DELAYED TETANUS IN CONNEXION WITH INJURIES TO BONE NOT PRESENTING OBVIOUS SIGNS OF SEPSIS
Authors: M. Foster
Journal: BMJ (1917)

IJudging from tejo sugar roactions, the organismn corre- spondis iost closely witlh Strepteoooc 8 fatcecls, except as rogards raffinose, whlichi is unaffected by Streptocovcct3 faccalis as a -rule4 It greweasily on most lmedia iwhich had a sowlewhiLt alkaline: eaction.On nmarkedly acid mediuLml I -was unable to obta.in a growth.It grew well
Preemptive Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Bertram L. Kasiske, Jon J. Snyder, Arthur J. Matas, Mary D. Ellison, John S. Gill, Annamaria T. Kausz
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

It remains unclear whether preemptive transplantation is beneficial, and if so, who benefits. A total of 38,836 first, kidney-only transplants between 1995 and 1998 were retrospectively studied. A surprising 39% of preemptive transplants were from cadaver donors, and the proportions of cadaver donor transplants that were preemptive changed little, from 7.3% in 1995 to 7.7% in 1998. Preemptive transplants using cadaver donors were more likely among recipients aged 0 to 17 yr versus 18 to 29 yr (odds ratio [OR], 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.94 to 3.17), white versus black (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 2.03 to 2.68), able to work versus unable to work (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.61), covered by private insurance versus Medicare (OR, 4.77; 95% CI, 4.26 to 5.32), or recipients with a college degree versus no college degree (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.54). Preemptive transplants were less likely for Hispanics versus non-Hispanics (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.67), patients with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.96), and for 2 to 5 HLA mismatches compared with 0 HLA mismatches (OR range, 0.77 to 0.82). In adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis, the relative risk of graft failure for preemptive transplantation was 0.75 (0.67 to 0.84) among 25,758 cadaver donor transplants and 0.73 (0.64 to 0.83) among 13,078 living donor transplants, compared with patients who received a transplant after already being on dialysis. Preemptive transplantation was associated with a reduced risk of death: 0.84 (0.72 to 0.99) for cadaver donor transplants and 0.69 (0.56 to 0.85) for living donor transplants. Thus, preemptive transplantation, which is associated with improved patient and graft survival, is less common among racial minorities, those who have less education, and those who must rely on Medicare for primary payment. Alterations in the payment system, emphasis on early referral, and changes in cadaver kidney allocation could increase the number of patients who benefit from preemptive transplantation.
Endocrinology, vols 1-3
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The third edition of this impressive text is the product of over 200 authors and nine editors. The work is intended to provide a complete, contemporary source of both basic and clinical aspects of endocrinology. It was hoped that the text would be of use to students, fellows, clinical endocrinologists, academicians, and researchers around the world. As with previous editions, this text-book is surprisingly easy to read and is supplemented by a large number of illustrations and tables. Almost every conceivable endocrine topic can be readily found and researched with the help of the extensive list of references at the end of each chapter. Because the many authors are all outstanding authorities in their fields, the content is generally sound. An area of exception is the short piece on the management of adrenal insufficiency. The authors suggest that hydrocortisone can be given as a "once-a-day" oral dose. They further suggest
An uncomfortable silence … while we all search for a better reporter gene in adult stem cell biology
Authors: Ryan A. McTaggart, Sandy Feng
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The plasticity of bone marrow cells (BMCs) remains controversial. The present study found that persistent injury induces efficient trans-differentiation of BMCs into functional hepatocytes. Mice with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride were injected with 1 × 10(5) non-treated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive BMCs via the tail vein. In these mice, transplanted GFP-positive BMCs efficiently migrated into the peri-portal area of liver lobules after one day, repopulating 25% of the recipient liver by 4 weeks. In contrast, no GFP-positive BMCs were detected following transplantation into control mice with undamaged livers. BMCs trans-differentiated into functional mature hepatocytes via immature hepatoblasts. Serum albumin levels were significantly elevated to compensate for chronic liver failure in BMC transplantation. These results reveal that recipient conditions and microenvironments represent key factors for successful cell therapy using BMCs.
Age-Specific Reference Ranges for Serum PSA
Authors: Joseph E. Oesterling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is the most useful tool available today for the diagnosis of early, curable adenocarcinoma of the prostate.1 This issue of the Journal contains the results of a well-conducted investigation of serum PSA concentrations in black men 40 to 79 years of age.2 Previous investigations have examined serum PSA in white3 and Japanese4 men, but this study is the first to address the subject in blacks, the population with the highest prevalence of prostate cancer, the earliest age at its onset, and the greatest mortality rate from the disease. Like the investigators in . . .
Once daily treatment of psoriasis with tacalcitol compared with twice daily treatment with calcipotriol. A double-blind trial
Authors: N.K. VEIEN, J.R. BJERKE, I. ROSSMANN-RINGDAHL, H.B. JAKOBSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Once daily topical treatment of psoriasis with tacalcitol ointment (4 micrograms/g) was compared with twice daily treatment with calcipotriol ointment (50 micrograms/g) in a double-blind, randomized study over a treatment period of 8 weeks. The severity of pruritus, erythema, infiltration and scaling was scored on a scale from 0 to 4. These features were scored at the initiation of treatment, after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of treatment, and at 4 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. The sum score was the total score for erythema, infiltration and scaling. Serum levels of calcium, phosphate, ionized calcium and intact parathyroid hormone were used as safety parameters. Two hundred and eighty-seven adults with stable plaque psoriasis participated and were treated at least once. Both tacalcitol and calcipotriol ointments effectively reduced the severity of psoriasis. The mean reduction in the sum score in the intention-to-treat population of 287 patients was 4.03 in the group treated with tacalcitol compared with 5.05 in the group treated with calcipotriol. The mean baseline sum scores were 7.64 and 7.15, respectively. The acceptability of both ointments was excellent, and none of the patients had adverse effects in terms of increased serum calcium or other alterations in calcium metabolism. Although less effective than calcipotriol ointment used twice daily, tacalcitol ointment is an effective and useful once daily treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.
Transition from compensated hypertrophy to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction during development of left ventricular pressure-overload hypertrophy in conscious sheep. Systolic dysfunction precedes diastolic dysfunction.
Authors: T Aoyagi, A M Fujii, M F Flanagan, L W Arnold, K W Brathwaite, S D Colan, I Mirsky
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Patients with aortic stenosis have a period of compensated left ventricular hypertrophy but may eventually develop congestive heart failure. Previous experimental studies showed either normal myocardial contractility in mild short-term pressure overload or myocardial dysfunction with severe pressure overload. Transition from compensated left ventricular hypertrophy to myocardial dysfunction has not been experimentally demonstrated in an adult large animal. Controversial issues in pressure-overload hypertrophy include whether the left ventricular dysfunction is due to insufficient hypertrophy (afterload mismatch) or to intrinsic myocardial dysfunction and whether diastolic dysfunction precedes systolic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS We induced left ventricular hypertrophy (41% increase in left ventricular to body weight ratio) by gradually tightening a hydraulic constrictor around the ascending aorta in 9 chronically instrumented conscious sheep. Afterload (end-systolic stress) elevation remained constant (approximately 33% greater than baseline) by adjustment of the aortic constrictor over 6 weeks, gradually increasing left ventricular pressure (from 117 +/- 6 to 163 +/- 5 mm Hg) as hypertrophy developed. Four sets (baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks) of serial hemodynamic studies were performed in each animal with beta-blockade, first with and then without aortic constriction to mechanically match loading conditions. Stepwise methoxamine infusion was performed to obtain load-independent assessment of myocardial contractility. Midwall shortening (P &lt; .05) and shortening rate (P &lt; .05) at mechanically matched loading conditions showed that myocardial dysfunction developed between the fourth and the sixth week. Shortening-preload-afterload (P &lt; .05) and shortening rate-preload-afterload (P &lt; .05) relations, load-independent contractility indices based on the systolic myocardial stiffness concept, also revealed depressed myocardial contractility at the sixth week. Time constant of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation and diastolic myocardial stiffness constant did not change over the 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Transition from normal myocardial contractility to myocardial dysfunction was demonstrated. This transition occurred even when the elevation of afterload remained constant as hypertrophy incompletely adapted to increasing left ventricular pressure. Systolic dysfunction preceded diastolic dysfunction in this model.
Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity results in promotion of endogenous thrombolysis and inhibition of thrombus extension in models of experimental thrombosis.
Authors: M Levi, B J Biemond, A J van Zonneveld, J W ten Cate, H Pannekoek
Journal: Circulation (1992)

We investigated the effect of inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity by a murine monoclonal anti-human PAI-1 antibody (MAI-12) on in vitro thrombolysis and on in vivo thrombolysis and thrombus extension in an experimental animal model for thrombosis.Thrombolysis, mediated by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA), was studied in an in vitro system consisting of fibrinogen, plasminogen, and thrombin. Addition of purified platelets during clot formation inhibited rt-PA-mediated thrombolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Platelet-dependent thrombolysis resistance could be completely neutralized by the monoclonal antibody MAI-12, supporting the notion that the observed resistance is due to PAI-1 released from alpha-granules of platelets. Subsequently, we monitored in vivo thrombolysis and thrombus extension of human whole blood thrombi that were allowed to form in rabbit jugular veins. During thrombus formation, either MAI-12 or an irrelevant antibody was incorporated. Thrombolysis and thrombus extension were simultaneously measured during endogenous thrombolysis or upon administration of different dosages of rt-PA. We observed that endogenous thrombolysis was enhanced in the presence of MAI-12 compared with the control antibody. Significantly, thrombus extension was partially prevented by MAI-12 and not by the control antibody irrespective of whether exogenous rt-PA was systematically administered.These observations further confirm the essential role of PAI-1 in the regulation of the thrombolytic system and support the exploration of adjunctive therapy based on inhibition of PAI-1 activity in thrombolytic strategies.
Greatly Increased Humeral Uptake as a Sign of Leukemia
Authors: FRANK DE GEETER, HILDE VAN STEELANDT, PATRICK DEGOMME
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a 7-year-old girl is presented. Bone scintigraphy showed symmetrically increased uptake of hydroxymethylene diphosphonate in both humeri, corresponding to subperiosteal bone apposition brought about by involvement of the bone marrow by leukemia. Nowadays, bone lesions only seldom reveal childhood leukemia. However, in the present case, bone scintigraphy indicated bilateral involvement of the humeri despite unilateral symptoms, and thus, pointed toward systemic, as opposed to focal, disease.
Endoscopic ultrasonography: a new look from within.
Authors: P B Cotton, P J Shorvon, W R Lees
Journal: BMJ (1985)

where these qualities are to be found is at present uncertain.As a first step, central government, regional and district health authorities, and local authorities should concentrate on developing, in consultation with other service providers and the consumers, "a pattern of service which will enable all those involved to work together and relate to the changing needs of mentally ill and mentally handicapped people and their families."4The general practitioner and the primary care team have a critical part to play in these developments.
Clinical Experience with the Elema Vario Pacemaker
Authors: P. R. Roy, E. Sowton
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Early problems after implantation of an endocardial electrode for permanent pacing occur in many patients. Difficulties can be anticipated in many of these patients and their management made much easier by a knowledge of the daily endocardial threshold obtained in patients with an implanted Elema Verio pacing unit by a simple non-invasive technique using a magnet and electrocardiogram. Twenty patients are described in whom permanent pacing with an Elema Vario unit was undertaken. The practical advantages of this unit can be readily seen in the patient who developes exit block or in the patient with obstructive airways disease, in whom frequent coughing or right ventricular hypertrophy may make stable electrode placement difficult. The chief advantage of the Elema Vario pacemaker is the extreme simplicity with which knowledge of the endocardial threshold can be obtained.