tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE VALUE OF X-RAYS IN OCULAR THERAPEUTICS.
Authors: G. ORAM RING
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Amid the illuminating advances that have characterized the rapid progress of medical science during a trifle more than the last decade, the spectacular and beneficent discovery of Professor Roentgen, of Wurzburg, occupies a position of acknowledged preëminence. The classical papers which first startled the world of science have been followed by a flood of literature emanating from hosts of enthusiastic workers from almost every corner of the globe, and while the hopes and promises have to some extent failed of materialization yet the amazing therapeutic results that have been wrought up to the present moment should abundantly merit our profound appreciation and study. Ophthalmic science has had its quota of fleet-footed workers, eager to develop the far-reaching possibilities of the newly discovered form of radiant energy. It is our purpose to institute an inquiry into the results thus far achieved and to attempt to define the present position of the
Response of the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients to standardized injury
Authors: P.C.M. KERKHOF, HELGA RENNES, R.M. GROOD, G.J. JONGH, F. W. BAUER, P.D. MIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Test sites on healthy controls and on the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients were stripped with tape, and eight variables were quantified at intervals during the subsequent healing process. In the control groups, the stratum corneum regenerated at a constant rate and the underlying skin showed elevations of metabolic activity peaking around days 2-4. In the psoriatic groups, we observed that (I) the response of the keratinizing zone is identical to that of the controls, (2) the proliferative response is initially normal but remains elevated rather longer than usual, and (3) the dermal capillaries (indicated by alkaline phosphatase activity) show a gross hyper-reactivity which is already apparent after 1 day and which persists for more than a week. These findings support our previous conclusion that metabolic alteration of the dermal capillary precedes epidermal hyperplasia in the pathogenesis of the psoriatic lesion.
The City That Was
Authors: Barbara G. Rosenkrantz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The New York Academy of Medicine has again unveiled a veritable treasure trove of historical surprises in a recent addition to the History of Medicine series. The welcome reproduction of Stephen Smith's<i>The City That Was</i>(1911) accompanies a sequence of remarkable documents related to the yellow fever threat that New York City endured during the first decade of the 19th century; among these the 1806<i>Report</i>of the City Physician to the Governor on "The Malignant Disease." Dr. Edward Miller's account of the course of yellow fever and its toll reveals a comprehensive summary of prevailing etiological concepts and a detailed account of the events and logic that led him to believe that the disease arose from local conditions. Stephen Smith's recollections of the struggles to establish the New York Metropolitan Board of Health in 1866 take up the major portion of this valuable volume. Here too the reader
Role of ultraviolet light and UV DNA in the induction of skin lesions in experimental animals
Authors: P. DAVIS, J. S. PERCY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

In vivo and in vitro animal experitnents have been performed to clarify the role of ultraviolet light denatured DNA (UV DNA) and ultraviolet light (UVL) in the pathogenesis of the dermal lesions of human SLE. Rabbits immunized with UV DNA show deposition of immunoglobulin at the dermal-epidermal junction following exposure to UVL. We have also shown that UV DNA appears concomitantly with the antibody at the dermal-epidermal junction subsequent to the UVL exposure. Both n DNA and UV DNA have been shown to bind to the dermal-epidermal junction in vitro which could result in the persistence of these antigens at this site. These studies lend further support to the hypothesis that the release of UV DNA and its subsequent deposition at the dermal-epidermal junction may result in binding of both immunoglobulin and complement, leading to the development of histological lesions of SLE.
Successful endoscopic mucosal resection of Barrett mucosa with high-grade dysplasia in a patient with scleroderma
Authors: H. Heinrich, P. Bauerfeind
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Scleroderma is a multisystem disease characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs. In 70 – 90 % of patients, the gastrointestinal tract is involved, and almost 80 % of these patients have dysphagia owing to dysmotility and reflux [1]. Aperistalsis and insufficiency of the lower esophageal sphincter lead to reflux and poor acid clearance. The prevalence of Barrett metaplasia in scleroderma is 2 – 3 %, and the risk of development of adenocarcinoma is estimated to be 0.5 % [2].
Phase III Study Comparing Methotrexate and Tacrolimus (Prograf, FK506) With Methotrexate and Cyclosporine for Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis After HLA-Identical Sibling Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Voravit Ratanatharathorn, Richard A. Nash, Donna Przepiorka, Steven M. Devine, Jared L. Klein, Daniel Weisdorf, Joseph W. Fay, Auayporn Nademanee, Joseph H. Antin, Neal P. Christiansen, Richard Van der Jagt, Roger H. Herzig, Mark R. Litzow, Steven N. Wolff, Walter L. Longo, Finn B. Petersen, Chatchada Karanes, Belinda Avalos, Rainer Storb, Donald N. Buell, Rochelle M. Maher, William E. Fitzsimmons, John R. Wingard
Journal: Blood (1998)
Bowel Obstruction: Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Management
Authors: Sylvia M. Ramos
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This excellent book contains everything you have ever wanted to know about bowel obstruction—and more. It is divided into three sections, each of which has several chapters. At the beginning of each chapter, there is an outline of the various topics covered. Each chapter ends with an extensive list of references ranging from the very old (1846) to the very new (1989). The first section looks at the conditions that can lead to, or be mistaken for, bowel obstruction. Chapter 2 has a lucid presentation of the pathophysiology, including areas such as electrical activity and hormonal control. The chapter on radiological diagnosis has excellent figures that clearly illustrate the various points being discussed. Motility disorders that mimic bowel obstruction are discussed and helpfully tabulated in chapter 7. For those of us who care for chronically ill patients, some of whom are in long-term—care settings, this is an especially interesting and
Bone marrow cells in X-linked agammaglobulinemia express pre-B-specific genes (lambda-like and V pre-B) and present immunoglobulin V-D-J gene usage strongly biased to a fetal-like repertoire.
Authors: M Milili, F Le Deist, G de Saint-Basile, A Fischer, M Fougereau, C Schiff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Expression of Ig and Ig-related genes has been studied in bone marrow cells from two patients with severe form of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). Phenotypic analysis revealed the presence of pre-B cells, in the absence of mature B cell markers. The pre-B-specific genes, lambda-like and V pre-B, were normally transcribed. Sequence analysis of 48 distinct V-D-J cDNA clones directly derived from XLA bone marrow cells indicated that they had characteristics of an early fetal pre-B repertoire. All VH families were identified, with a strong bias in the gene usage: a few VH genes were largely overexpressed, either germline or slightly mutated; most genes had been located 3' of the VH locus and were also used in fetal liver (8-13 wk of gestation). Short D regions, (resulting from D-D fusion, making usage of all D genes in both orientations with utilization of the three reading frames), restricted N diversity, and a fetal JH usage pattern were also observed. Taken together, our data suggest that the XLA defect does not alter V-D-J rearrangements nor the expression of mu, lambda-like, and V pre-B transcripts and most likely results in a poor efficiency of some critical steps of the B cell maturation.
Recurring Diffuse Annular Erythematous Plaques in a Newborn
Authors: Lisa F. Pfingstler, Kevin P. Miller, Howard Pride
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

A newborn female infant presented with an asymptomatic eruption that first began on her fifth day of life. The lesions developed over a 24-hour period, lasted for approximately 3 to 6 weeks before spontaneously resolving, and recurred several days later. When the patient was treated with prednisone by her primary physician for an upper respiratory tract infection, her lesions quickly cleared, only to recur a few days after stopping treatment with the medication. The infant was otherwise healthy with normal growth and development, and no household contacts were experiencing any eruptions or pruritus. Skin examination revealed discrete, annular, erythematous plaques with raised borders and central clearing on the infant’s chest, arms, and neck (Figure, A). At follow-up, it was found that the previous lesions had resolved completely without scarring or residual hyperpigmentation, and new lesions of variable size had developed on her scalp, neck, arms, vulva, and trunk (Figure, B). Results of a complete blood cell count with differential, peripheral smear, complete metabolic panel, and assays for C-reactive protein, antinuclear antibody, anti–double-stranded DNA antibody, anti-SSA, and anti-SSB autoantibodies were all normal. A punch biopsy was performed of a representative lesion of her left medial arm (Figure, C and D).
Serum interleukin 6 levels in rheumatoid arthritis: correlations with clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity.
Authors: R Madhok, A Crilly, J Watson, H.A Capell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

In rheumatoid synovium interleukin 6 (IL-6) is the most abundantly expressed cytokine. Increased serum levels have been previously reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study serum IL-6 levels were measured in a well defined cohort using a bioassay (B9 cells) and levels were correlated with conventional clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity. Levels were significantly higher in serum from patients with RA (median 55 IU/ml; interquartile range 28-139) compared with serum from disease (median 7 IU/ml; 1-23) and normal controls (median 10 IU/ml; 7-12). No difference was observed between men and women. Levels did not correlate with disease duration. Significant associations were observed between IL-6 and C reactive protein and between the Ritchie articular index and duration of morning stiffness. No other correlations were observed. The value of these findings in the monitoring of RA and as an indicator of response to second line treatment needs to be established.
Blood pressure and kilopascals.
Authors: B C Abernethy, A Todd, D D Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1978)

with angina pectoris, especially for patients unable to tolerate beta-blockers.Even if the occasional patient does develop side effects such as those described, the fact that these are easily recognised and, in our experience to date, have always been reversible should provide reassurance to those who have doubts about prescribing this drug because of the development of neuropathy.
Abstract 3315: TAC-101 induces the differentiation of cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Shizu Honda, Yasuji Yamamoto, Norio Masuko, Hiromi Yokoi, Kenjiro Ito, Ryoto Fujita, Ken-ichi Matsuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract TAC-101 (4-[3,5-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzamido] benzoic acid), is an orally bioavailable synthetic retinoid, binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR), activates selectively RAR alpha transcriptional. And TAC-101 has demonstrated anti-tumor activity and proplongation of survival in primary and metastatic liver cancer pre-clinical models. In Phase I study, the lymph nodes of a non-small cell lung cancer patient with nodal metastasis returned to normal size, constituting a complete radiologic response. In a Phase I/II trial of TAC-101 in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, TAC-101 showed significant disease stabilization, 2 PRs after discontinuing TAC-101 treatment, and prolonged median survival, suggesting that TAC-101 provides meaningful patient'ss benefit. Recently, many researchers have reported correlation between cancer stem-like cells and tumor malignancy, such as therapy-resistance. In addition, retinoids were reported to reduce the number of cells with the cancer stem cell marker. So, we hypothesize that TAC-101 induces the differentiation of cancer stem-like cells, and contributes life span prolongation of patients of solid tumor. We cultured A549 cancer cells in mediummedium containing 0.1 and 1 μM of TAC-101 for 8 weeks and analyzed the expression of several stem cell markers using flow cytomoetry technique. Detection method of side population was validated by the result that fumitremorgin C, inhibitor of ABCG2, could eliminate the side population. We found that TAC-101 reduced side-population, CD326 (EpCAM) positive population and standard deviation of side scatter. From these results, it is estimated that treatment of TAC-101 for a certain period of time will be enough to induce of differentiation and to reduce cancer stem-like cells, may result in the tumor shrinkage and prolongation of patient's survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3315.
Necrotizing Candida esophagitis. Failure of symptoms and roentgenographic findings to reflect severity
Authors: J. M. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1980)

REPORTS of necrotizing<i>Candida</i>esophagitis have been limited to patients receiving intensive chemotherapy for malignant neoplasms, prolonged treatment with corticosteroids, or broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.<sup>1-4</sup>Patients have dysphagia or odynophagia, and these symptoms have been used to evaluate response to treatment of the infection. There is agreement that a barium esophagram done early in the course of<i>Candida</i>esophagitis shows nodular filling defects imprinting the edge of the barium column.<sup>5</sup>Esophagrams late in the course of the infection have been described as showing a very shaggy appearance of the esophageal lining.<sup>1-6</sup>The latter is thought to reflect deep ulcerations of the mucosa. Severe<i>Candida</i>esophagitis developed in the patient described here following a course of chemotherapy. After three weeks of antifungal therapy, odynophagia and dysphagia were gone and a barium esophagram was nearly normal in appearance; however, when the patient died suddenly a few days later, autopsy showed
Design of the Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin alfa in Heart Failure (RED‐HF): a Phase III, anaemia correction, morbidity–mortality trial
Authors: John J.V. McMurray, Inder S. Anand, Rafael Diaz, Aldo P. Maggioni, Christopher O'Connor, Marc A. Pfeffer, Krishna R. Polu, Scott D. Solomon, Yan Sun, Karl Swedberg, Michal Tendera, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Scott M. Wasserman, James B. Young
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Concealed Sinus Rhythm
Authors: HENRY DEMOTS, MICHAEL T. H. BRODEUR, SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A 47-year-old man with a long history of atrial fibrillation presented with a regular rhythm and absent P waves on the surface electrocardiogram. When this rhythm persisted after digitalis withdrawal His bundle electrocardiography demonstrated sinus rhythm. Recognition of concealed sinus rhythm prevents misdiagnosis of digitalis intoxication and inappropriate withdrawal of digitalis therapy.
Abstract 66: Pharmacologic tobacco cessation agents and response to radiotherapy.
Authors: Samantha L. Sobus, Michelle A. Romano, Janelle Mackowiak, Krista Pundt, Graham W. Warren
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Tobacco use is associated with poor therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients in part due to decreased therapeutic response to conventional cancer treatment such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (RT). Tobacco cessation is warranted to improve cancer treatment outcomes, but preclinical data suggest that nicotine may decrease the biologic effectiveness of cancer treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and non-nAChR based tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy agents alter response to radiotherapy. Methods: Human lung cancer (A549, H460) and oropharyngeal cancer (FaDu) cell lines were treated with nicotine, a7-nAChR agonists, varenicline, or bupropion alone or in combination with RT. Mice xenografts were used to assess the effect of nicotine administration during RT. Cell survival and downstream activation of radioprotective pathways (Akt, ERK, mTOR, MMP, and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha [HIF-1a]) were analyzed. Results: Nicotine administration increased survival in all cell lines. Similarly, administration of the selective a7-nAChR agonists LY 2087101 and PHA 54613 was also found to increase cell survival with RT. Nicotine, LY 2087101, and PHA 54613 were all found to activate p-ERK 1/2, p-AKT (Ser-473), mTOR (S2448), and hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a) in a dose and time dependent manner. Tumor xenografts receiving nicotine administration during RT showed evidence of increased tumor regrowth in comparison non-nicotine treated controls. Treatment with varenicline also increased cell survival following RT at doses lower than with nicotine treatment; however, treatment with bupropion (an FDA approved non-nAChR based tobacco cessation agent) did not increase cell survival and exhibited a moderate cytotoxic effect following RT at high doses. Dose escalated bupropion did not increase activation of radioprotective pathways. Conclusions: These are the first data to suggest that bupropion may be an ideal FDA approved tobacco cessation agent in cancer patients to prevent potential biologic changes in therapeutic response associated with nAChR based cessation strategies. Citation Format: Samantha L. Sobus, Michelle A. Romano, Janelle Mackowiak, Krista Pundt, Graham W. Warren. Pharmacologic tobacco cessation agents and response to radiotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 66. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-66
Partial sweeping of variation at the Fbp2 locus in a west African population of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: V. Benassi, F. Depaulis, G. K. Meghlaoui, M. Veuille
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

Departure of molecular variation from neutral equilibrium was studied in a highly recombining region of the Drosophila genome. A 2.2-kb region including the Fbp2 locus was sequenced for 10 chromosomes from a D. melanogaster sample from West Africa and for the related species D. simulans. Of the 33 variable sites present in the 1.3-kb transcription unit, 32 made up a single haplotype present in half of the D. melanogaster sample. This pattern significantly departed from predictions of the neutral drift-mutation equilibrium model. The major haplotype presented a diagnostic restriction site which was investigated in 226 chromosomes from three distant European and African populations. It was found at a high frequency (31%) in the population from which the sequenced sample originated, but was nearly absent from the other two (below 4%), suggesting that the major haplotype frequency resulted from a local selective sweep event. Partial sweeping of variation in regions of high recombination rates has previously been found for American and European populations of D. melanogaster. Our study shows that this phenomenon also occurs in African populations, which are in the ancestral range of this species.
Selection Criteria for Lung-Cancer Screening
Authors: Martin C. Tammemägi, Hormuzd A. Katki, William G. Hocking, Timothy R. Church, Neil Caporaso, Paul A. Kvale, Anil K. Chaturvedi, Gerard A. Silvestri, Tom L. Riley, John Commins, Christine D. Berg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) used risk factors for lung cancer (e.g., ≥30 pack-years of smoking and <15 years since quitting) as selection criteria for lung-cancer screening. Use of an accurate model that incorporates additional risk factors to select persons for screening may identify more persons who have lung cancer or in whom lung cancer will develop.
Clinical trials: why not do them properly?
Authors: J R Kirwan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Cold insoluble globulin (CIG) is a normal glycoprotein of human serum and plasma. The physiological significance of this protein is unknown, but is shows a temperature-dependent relation to fibrinogen and fibrin. It is possible that it represents a substrate for activated fibrin-stabilising factor in the polymerisation of fibrin. CIG is found on the surface of fibroblasts. In the present study CIG was estimated in citrated plasma in 115 patients with rheumatic diseases. Increased amounts were found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, secondary amyloidosis in classical and definite rheumatoid arthritis, and in male patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
684 An open-label study of adrenal function in adult asthmatics during daily treatment with 800, 1200 or 1600 μ of inhaled triamcinolone acetonide (TA)
Authors: L ALTMAN, S FLODLAY, M LOPEZ, R MORRIS, J PINNAS, P RATNER, S SZEFLER, M WELCH, P LUKACSKO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
Bevacizumab Safety in Patients with Central Nervous System Metastases
Authors: Benjamin Besse, Susan F. Lasserre, Peter Compton, Jane Huang, Stella Augustus, Ulrich-Peter Rohr
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases were excluded from bevacizumab trials following a case of fatal cerebral hemorrhage in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma in 1997. Safety information for bevacizumab-treated patients with CNS metastases was reviewed to determine whether general exclusion of these patients from bevacizumab treatment is still justified.A retrospective exploratory analysis was conducted using datasets from 13 randomized controlled phase II/III trials (dataset A), two open-label single-arm safety trials (dataset B), and two prospective studies including patients with treated CNS metastases (dataset C). In datasets A and B, known CNS metastasis was an exclusion criterion; patients with CNS metastasis had unrecognized CNS metastases at study entry or developed them during the trial. All reported cerebral hemorrhage grades in patients with CNS metastases were quantified.In dataset A, occult brain metastases were identified in 187 of 8,443 patients (91 in bevacizumab arms and 96 in non-bevacizumab arms). Three bevacizumab-treated patients (3.3%) developed grade 4 cerebral hemorrhage, whereas one control-arm patient (1.0%) developed grade 5 cerebral hemorrhage. In dataset B, 321 of 4,382 patients had initially occult CNS metastases, in whom two grade 1 and one grade 3 cerebral hemorrhage (0.9%) were reported. In 131 patients with treated CNS metastases in dataset C, one bevacizumab-treated patient (0.8%) developed grade 2 cerebral hemorrhage.In this selected population, patients with CNS metastases are at similar risk of developing cerebral hemorrhage, independent of bevacizumab therapy. Consequently, such patients with CNS metastases from advanced/metastatic breast cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and renal and colorectal cancer should not be generally excluded from bevacizumab therapy or clinical trials.
HETEROGENEITY OF ESCHERICHIA COLI J5 VACCINES
Authors: B.J. Appelmelk, N.T. Rapson, A.M.J.J. Verweij-van Vught, J.J. Maaskant, T.A.M. Hekker, P.G.H. Peerbooms, D.M. Maclaren, L.G. Thijs
Journal: The Lancet (1986)