tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventing Neonatal Herpes
Authors: George B. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Binkin and colleagues<sup>1</sup>state that 37.8 maternal deaths would occur among 171,000 women screened for neonatal herpes by examination alone and 41.1 among the same number of women screened by examination combined with culture. They assume a 15% cesarean section rate in the unscreened population and maternal death rates of 9.7 and 59.3 per 100,000 associated with vaginal and cesarean delivery, respectively. These figures yield a calculation of 29.3 deaths among 171,000 unscreened patients. The estimates of the number of deaths expected in either screened group are seriously flawed because of an unstated and erroneous presumption that the authors must have made. Their error was to presume that all cesarean sections can be assigned the same maternal death rate (59.3 deaths per 100,000 cesarean sections). In point of fact, the maternal death rate associated with a cesarean performed to prevent neonatal herpes is not likely to equal
Update in Endocrinology: Evidence Published in 2013
Authors: Hossein Gharib
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Updates3 June 2014Update in Endocrinology: Evidence Published in 2013Hossein Gharib, MDHossein Gharib, MDFrom Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0047 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This update summarizes 10 important studies published in 2013 that can change clinical practice. In thyroid research, a randomized trial showed no advantage in the use of desiccated thyroid extract (DTE) over levothyroxine monotherapy in replacement therapy for hypothyroidism, although DTE resulted in modest weight loss and better patient satisfaction. A large retrospective, multinational study showed that a molecular marker, BRAF V600E mutation, present in 40% to 50% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs), was strongly associated with cancer mortality. Radioiodine (RAI) is effective in treatment, and improves outcome, of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. However, some tumors do not accumulate radioiodine and ...Reference1. Romeo S, Maglio C, Burza MA, Pirazzi C, Sjöholm K, Jacobson P, et al. Cardiovascular events after bariatric surgery in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:2613-7. [PMID: 22855732] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Hossein Gharib, MDAffiliations: From Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M14-0047.Corresponding Author: Hossein Gharib, MD, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street, Rochester, MN 55905; e-mail, gharib.[email protected]edu.Author Contributions: Conception and design: H. Gharib.Analysis and interpretation of the data: H. Gharib.Drafting of the article: H. Gharib.Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: H. Gharib.Final approval of the article: H. Gharib.Statistical expertise: H. Gharib.Administrative, technical, or logistic support: H. Gharib.This article was published online first at www.annals.org on 10 April 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 June 2014Volume 160, Issue 11Page: 785-790KeywordsBariatric surgeryBone mineral densityDementiaEstrogensMortalityTestosteroneThyroidThyroid carcinomaThyroxineWeight loss ePublished: 3 June 2014 Issue Published: 3 June 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Respiratory effects of wood heat: clinical observations and epidemiologic assessment.
Authors: R E Honicky, J S Osborne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

An increasing number of families in the United States are converting to woodburning stoves in an effort to reduce winter heating bills. Woodburning stoves operate as a contained combuster of wood and produce a variety of pollutants as byproducts of combustion. Although technological advances have reduced emissions to some degree, even the most efficient woodburning stoves emit hazardous pollutants directly into the home when the stove is operating and the door is opened to add wood. The question arises as to whether pollutants are accumulating in homes where woodburning stoves are used as a source of heat. This issue is especially important considering the trend to increase home insulation and overall airtightness in an effort to conserve energy and reduce heat loss. This paper reviews the clinical case report that first postulated an association of recurrent chest illness with woodburning stove exposure and summarizes the findings to date on respiratory effects of wood heat for young children.
AXILLARY HYPERHIDROSIS..
Authors: HARRY J. HURLEY, WALTER B. SHELLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article AXILLARY HYPERHIDROSIS.: Clinical Features and Local Surgical Management. Get access HARRY J. HURLEY, M.D., HARRY J. HURLEY, M.D. The Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar WALTER B. SHELLEY, M.D. WALTER B. SHELLEY, M.D. The Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 3, 1 March 1966, Pages 127–140, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12189.x Published: 01 March 1966
Cambridge plans new medical course
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A new and accelerated medical training course proposed by Cambridge University will link graduates with a general practice for the all of its four years. The course, which will also be open to non-science graduates, will provide joint hospital and community training backed up with self directed and information technology assisted learning.

The architects of the course say that it is designed to encourage a patient centred approach and will allow students to …
Frequent rebleeding, encephalopathy and mortality following transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in child class C cirrhotic patients
Authors: W.-Y. Chang, Y.-H. Chung, S.H. Yang, B.-C. Song, H.C. Lee, H.K. Yoon, K.B. Sung, Y.S. Lee, D.J. Suh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Neurochemical changes in animal models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mária Baranyi, Elisaveta Milusheva, Beáta Sperlágh
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative syndrome associated with selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum. It is believed that both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress (OS) play important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Development of an effective causal therapy should be focused on preventing or at least retarding the neurodegenerative process underlying the disease.

In chronic in fusion PD model studied the effect of rotenone on the content, and release of striatal neurotransmitters of rat upon OS by H2O 2 perfusion. The effects of anti-Parkinsonian drugs were examined in vitro rotenone PD, OS slices model. The role of P2X7 receptor (P2X7r) formed by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or in vitro rotenone treatment using C57/BI6 and P2X7r knockout mice. Neurochemical response was determined using microvolume perfusion method, HPLC separation of dansylated samples. Dopamine o-quinone (DAQ) oxidized metabolite of DA was detected electrochemically at -100 mV potential in reduction working mode.

The dopamine content in the rat striatum is decreased in response to chronic intravenous rotenone infusion. However, surviving dopaminergic neurons take up and release only a slightly lower amount of DA in response to electrical stimulation. Striatal dopaminergic neurons showed increased susceptibility to OS, responding with enhanced release of DA and with formation of toxic metabolite DAQ. The loss of DA and ATP and formation of DAQ induced by OS confirmed the impairment of striatum upon in vitro rotenone. Formation of DAQ at the end effect of OS confirmed the impairment of dopaminergic function by rotenone. However, when applied rotenone with l-DOPA treatment the endogenous DAQ was detected in perfusion samples. However, when applied rotenone with l-DOPA treatment the endogenous DAQ was detected in the micro-volume perfusion samples. Conversely, when rasagiline and trolox were in use these DA-quinones metabolites were not detectable. Rotenone treatment elicited a similar reduction in ATP content in the substantia nigra of both genotypes, whereas reduction of ATP was more pronounced after rotenone treatment in striatal slices of P2X7 deficient mice. Although the level of the endocannabinoid, 2-AG, was elevated by rotenone in the striatum of wild-type mice, an effect that was absent in mice deficient in P2X7 receptors. Genetic deletion of P2X7 receptors did not change depletion of striatal endogenous DA content after in vivo MPTP or in vitro rotenone treatment. Although the endogenous amino acids content and the level of the endocannabinoid, AEA was elevated by MPTP in the striatum of mice, but 2-AG remained unchanged in mice deficient in P2X7 receptors.

In conclusion, oxidative stress induced, pathological DA release and the formation of toxic metabolites of DA are distinctly modified by the tested antiparkinsonian drugs and P2X7 receptor deficiency does not promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons.
Readmission Diagnoses After Hospitalization for Severe Sepsis and Other Acute Medical Conditions
Authors: Hallie C. Prescott, Kenneth M. Langa, Theodore J. Iwashyna
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Readmission Diagnoses After Hospitalization for Severe Sepsis and Other Acute Medical ConditionsPatients are frequently rehospitalized within 90 days after having severe sepsis. 1 Little is known, however, about the reasons for readmission and whether they can be reduced.We sought to determine the most common readmission diagnoses after hospitalization for severe sepsis, the extent to which readmissions may be potentially preventable by posthospitalization ambulatory care, and whether the pattern of readmission diagnoses differs compared with that of other acute medical conditions.Methods | We studied participants in the nationally representative US Health and Retirement Study, 2 a multistage probability sample of households with adults aged 50 years or older, that is linked to Medicare claims (1998-2010).We identified hospitalizations with severe sepsis using a validated approach that requires International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for both infection and acute organ dysfunction. 3,4We matched hospitalizations for severe sepsis to hospitalizations for 15 common acute medical conditions (Table ) 1:1 by age, sex, postdischarge comorbidity burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index), prehospitalization functional disability (limitations of activities and instrumental activities of daily living), and length of hospitalization using coarsened exact matching. 5 We measured the rate and 95% confidence interval of 90-day readmissions.Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Clinical Classification Software, we determined the most common readmission diagnoses.To gauge what proportion of rehospitalizations may be potentially preventable, we measured ambulatory care sensitive conditions (AC-SCs), which are diagnoses for which effective outpatient care may reduce hospitalization rates. 6 We used ACSCs identified by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 6 and an expanded definition also including sepsis, skin or soft tissue infection, acute renal failure, and aspiration pneumonitis, all of which could plausibly be prevented or treated early to avoid rehospitalization.We compared readmission rates using McNemar χ 2 tests with significance at P < .001(2-sided) given multiple comparisons.The University of Michigan institutional review board approved this study; patients provided oral informed consent at enrollment and for Medicare linkage.complication of a device, implant, or graft, chest pain, fluid or electrolyte disorder, urinary tract infection, hip fracture, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, complication of surgical or medical care, syncope, and diabetes with complication.c Calculated using McNemar χ 2 tests.
Health promotion and children and teenagers.
Authors: A Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Health promotion and children and teenagersWhy it is mainly the government's responsibilityThe Health of the Nation contains several targets directly affecting the health of present children and teenagers and future adults.'These include reducing smoking in 1 1-15 year olds by one third, reducing the proportion of energy derived from fats to 35%, reducing deaths from accidents by one third
Human Ro ribonucleoprotein particles: characterization of native structure and stable association with the La polypeptide.
Authors: G Boire, J Craft
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Anti-Ro autoantibodies, found in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and related diseases, target the Ro ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs). Although the polypeptide and RNA components of the Ro RNPs have been characterized, much less is known about the native structure of these particles. We have now characterized by biochemical techniques intact Ro ribonucleoprotein particles from cultured HeLa cells. These particles segregated in three discrete subpopulations with characteristic physicochemical properties: one containing hY5 RNA (RohY5 particles), one containing only hY4 RNA (RohY4 particles) and one with hY1, hY3, and hY4 RNAs (RohY1-hY4 particles). The RohY5 particles were purified free of contaminating ribonucleoproteins; both the La and the 60-kD Ro polypeptides were stable components of this portion of the Ro RNPs. The La RNPs co-purified with the RohY4 particles and contaminated the RohY1-hY4 RNPs. The stable association between the La and the 60-kD Ro polypeptides provides a potential macromolecular target for the linked set of anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, and suggests a possible functional association of these polypeptides.
... danazol for severe disease
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Short-term administration of the synthetic androgenic hormone, danazol, allowed nine of ten patients with hemophilia to cut down their use of factor VIII or IX concentrate in recent studies. A report of the work was given at the recent meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation in Washington, DC. "The findings indicate that danazol is effective treatment in some patients with hemophilia," said Harvey R. Gralnick, MD, chief of the Hematology Section at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md. So far, ten patients—eight with hemophilia A, so-called classic hemophilia, and two with hemophilia B, or Christmas disease—have been treated with danazol in what Gralnick stresses is a preliminary clinical trial. Most of the patients had moderately severe forms of the disease with coagulation activities ranging from 1% to 5%. Five of the patients were treated at the NIH Clinical Center (<i>New England Journal</i>
Helicobacter pylori strain-specific differences in genetic content, identified by microarray, influence host inflammatory responses
Authors: Dawn A. Israel, Nina Salama, Carrie N. Arnold, Steven F. Moss, Takafumi Ando, Hans-Peter Wirth, Kyi T. Tham, Margorita Camorlinga, Martin J. Blaser, Stanley Falkow, Richard M. Peek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Helicobacter pylori enhances the risk for ulcer disease and gastric cancer, yet only a minority of H. pylori–colonized individuals develop disease. We examined the ability of two H. pylori isolates to induce differential host responses in vivo or in vitro, and then used an H. pylori whole genome microarray to identify bacterial determinants related to pathogenesis. Gastric ulcer strain B128 induced more severe gastritis, proliferation, and apoptosis in gerbil mucosa than did duodenal ulcer strain G1.1, and gastric ulceration and atrophy occurred only in B128+ gerbils. In vitro, gerbil-passaged B128 derivatives significantly increased IL-8 secretion and apoptosis compared with G1.1 strains. DNA hybridization to the microarray identified several strain-specific differences in gene composition including a large deletion of the cag pathogenicity island in strain G1.1. Partial and complete disruption of the cag island in strain B128 attenuated induction of IL-8 in vitro and significantly decreased gastric inflammation in vivo. These results indicate that the ability of H. pylori to regulate epithelial cell responses related to inflammation depends on the presence of an intact cag pathogenicity island. Use of an H. pylori whole genome microarray is an effective method to identify differences in gene content between H. pylori strains that induce distinct pathological outcomes in a rodent model of H. pylori infection.
Rupture of the Heart
Authors: J. A. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1884)

i, case uponi which the few remarks in this paper are based I met with in the practice of Mr. John Deighton of Cambridge, and I am inidebted to that gentleman for permission to make use of the following facts.J. V., aged 75, of Cambridge, whilst at dinner, appeared to strain very muclh in endeavouring to swallow a tough piece of meat; and, it being thought he was choking, a messenger was at once dispatched for a surgeon, but, before the arrival of medical aid, death had taken place, the patient, in fact, according to the statements of his friends, not living many seconds after he appeared to strain in swallowing.By order of the coroner for the borough of Cambridge, I made a post miortem examination of the body, at which Mr. Deighton was present.The body presented a fairly well-nourished appearance.The mouth auid upper parts of the air-passages were examined, but nio trace of any foreign body could be discovered.The existence of a distinct and well- maiked arcus senilis was noted.Upon opening the cavity of the thor ax, we came upon the pericardium distended into a globular tuniour, and presenting a bluish discoloration, as from something shiningi-through the walls of the sac, rendered transparent by disten- si0o1.
Diarrheal Deaths in American Children-Reply
Authors: Mei-Shang Ho
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  Breast-feeding could be an important factor in reducing diarrheal mortality, as Dr Cunningham pointed out. Information on breast-feeding is unavailable on death certificates and birth certificates, which were the two main sources of data in our study.  The beneficial effects of breast-feeding, as well as other hypotheses, such as appropriate rehydration therapy, could be examined if we were to begin to report diarrheal deaths in the southern states. We could then investigate conditions associated with each diarrheal death and compare in a timely fashion potential risk factors among children who die of diarrhea with those who survive using a case-control approach. We are now seeking interested investigators with whom to collaborate in such a study.
Long-Term Results of Endarterectomy of the Internal Carotid Artery for Cerebral Ischemia and Infarction
Authors: ALBERT HEYMAN, W. GLENN YOUNG, IVAN W. BROWN, KEITH S. GRIMSON
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The immediate and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy for treatment of acute cerebral ischemia or infarction were studied in 95 patients who were observed for an average period of 40 months after the surgical procedure. The operation resulted in death for 12 patients and worsening of the neurological deficit in six others. During the follow-up period, there were 22 additional deaths, most of which were caused by myocardial infarction or other complications of systemic atherosclerotic vascular disease. The significant factors adversely affecting the prognosis of these patients consisted of severe electrocardiographic abnormalities, the presence of bilateral carotid occlusive lesions, cerebral infarction prior to endarterectomy, and the age of the patient. Following endarterectomy only five patients were observed to have recurrent attacks of transient cerebral ischemia which were few in number and stopped spontaneously. Recurrent cerebral infarction developed in only seven patients, six of whom had unsuccessful or incomplete removal of the carotid occlusive lesions. Although this low incidence of recurrent ischemia and infarction seems to be evidence for the therapeutic value of carotid endarterectomy, further observations on a comparable group of patients treated nonsurgically are needed to support this conclusion.
Primary Pulmonary Sporotrichosis
Authors: Robert D. Trevathan
Journal: JAMA (1966)

PRIMARY pulmonary sporotrichosis with no evidence of lymphocutaneous involvement is a rare disease. Ridgeway et al<sup>1</sup>(who made an excellent review of the literature) accepted 12 case reports as authentic in 1962 and added two cases of their own. Siegrist and Ferrington<sup>2</sup>added another case in 1965. We believe that this is the 16th case of primary pulmonary sporotrichosis to be reported. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A white man, 40 years of age, noted insidious onset of malaise six months prior to admission to hospital. He felt tired, his appetite diminished, and he had lost 15 or 20 lb (6.8 or 9.1 kg) of weight. About one month prior to admission, he had noted the onset of a persistent cough, productive of mucoid sputum. On Jan 10, 1965, the patient began to cough up small amounts of blood, and this hemoptysis had continued when he was admitted to
Microparticles released by Listeria monocytogenes-infected macrophages are required for dendritic cell-elicited protective immunity
Authors: Yi Zhang, Ruihua Zhang, Huafeng Zhang, Jing Liu, Zhuoshun Yang, Pingwei Xu, Wenqian Cai, Geming Lu, Miao Cui, Reto A Schwendener, Huang-Zhong Shi, Huabao Xiong, Bo Huang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2012)