tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Mastectomy in Selected Patients
Authors: William V. Dolan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section dealing with the danger of mammography radiation to high-risk patients (236:2446, 1976) surprisingly omits one important therapeutic alternative: subcutaneous mastectomy. Indeed, the woman with bilateral chronic cystic mastitis and a strong family history of breast carcinoma is an ideal candidate. 1 Longterm experience reveals subcutaneous mastectomy to be feasible in at least 80% of selected patients. 2 Some advocate this approach as the most effective prophylactic procedure to high-risk patients, 3 to say nothing of obviating the diagnostic radiation hazards.
Teaching the Human Dimensions of Care in Clinical Settings
Authors: William T. Branch, Jr
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Despite repeated calls to emphasize the humanistic dimensions of care during medical education, these are few known techniques for effective teaching of humanism.We describe the barriers that inhibit humanistic teaching and suggest pragmatic teaching methods to overcome such barriers and teach humanistic care in clinical settings.We began by asking participants at a conference on patient-physician communications sponsored by the American Academy on Physician and Patient in June 1998, "What can we do in the patient's presence to improve and teach the human dimensions of care?Please provide one or more examples of approaches you found to be effective."We augmented this information with suggestions from a number of colleagues in other settings.In a series of iterations, we analyzed all their suggestions to identify key teaching methods.We found that barriers to teaching humanism largely consist of elements of the informal and hidden curricula in medical schools.We then defined methods to help teachers overcome these barriers.Specific methods fall into the 3 categories of taking advantage of seminal events, role modeling, and using active learning skills.We believe that formal courses and other well-motivated endeavors that take place away from patients fail to foster humanistic care.In contrast, we present pragmatic teaching methods that can be used in the fast-paced setting of the clinical environment.
Family history of heart attack as an independent predictor of death due to cardiovascular disease.
Authors: E Barrett-Connor, K Khaw
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Although a family history of ischemic heart disease is a well-accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease, only three prospective studies--all in men--have examined the predictive strength of a positive family history after adjusting for other heart disease risk factors. The present analysis is based on a 9 year follow-up of 4014 men and women from 40 to 79 years old who resided in Rancho Bernardo, CA, and who reported no known cardiovascular disease in response to a standardized interview. At baseline 38% of this group reported a family history of a heart attack in a parent, sibling, or child; 15% of those with a positive family history in a first-degree relative indicated that the heart attack had occurred before the relative was 50 years old. Younger men (less than 60 years) with a positive family history at any age had significantly higher mean blood pressures and total plasma cholesterol levels; older men were more likely to have diabetes mellitus. Younger women with a positive family heart attack to subsequent cardiovascular death was determined by the Cox model after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, total plasma cholesterol level, obesity, cigarette smoking, personal history of diabetes, and estrogen use (in women). In men, but not in women, a positive family history of heart attack was independently predictive of death from all causes and from cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical Evaluation of Pazopanib Eye Drops versus Ranibizumab Intravitreal Injections in Subjects with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Karl G. Csaky, Pravin U. Dugel, Amy J. Pierce, Michael A. Fries, Deborah S. Kelly, Ronald P. Danis, John I. Wurzelmann, Chun-Fang Xu, Mohammad Hossain, Trupti Trivedi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
THE CORNER-STONE OF THE NEW BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Mr. President of the University, Professors and Alumni of Rush Medical College:—To-day marks an event which we trust may begin a new era in the history of Rush Medical College.  We here with simple ceremony, in the presence of those interested, lay a corner-stone. On that corner-stone we propose to erect a superstructure and dedicate it to the welfare of mankind.  This is the age of realism. The age of symbolism has gone. You will, therefore, see in that superstructure that is to be, no rich entablature, ornate columns, nor peristyle. You will not see the statue of AEsculapius with the Apollonian rod in one hand, the fir cone in the other, nor the image of the goat that nourished him in infancy, nor that of the faithful dog that guarded his juvenile slumber; nor the cock the emblem of early vigilance, nor the statue of Prosperity, nor that of
PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIVITIES OF A COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY
Authors: Harry S. Lichtman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The experience of this county medical society shows that a public health committee can be extremely effective in dealing with many local community needs. The parent committee has been in a position to call on members of the society to help communicate the message of health to people in public meetings, radio broadcasts, newspapers, and programs arranged by nonmedical groups. A plan for periodic health examinations for physicians themselves has been carried out, important legislation has been obtained, a directory of medical and social services is in preparation, and many special health problems have been investigated. Subcommittees have been successful in encouraging immunization against poliomyelitis and in organizing campaigns for mental health. The results of these sometimes laborious efforts have amply justified the expenditure of time and energy.
STUDIES ON INFLAMMATION
Authors: Valy Menkin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Trypan blue injected into normal subcutaneous tissue passes rapidly to the regional lymphatic node and is found in lymph drawn from its efferent lymphatic. When the dye is injected into the normal peritoneal cavity it rapidly appears in the lymph of the retrosternal lymphatics and stains deeply the retrosternal lymphatic nodes. Trypan blue injected into the site of inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue or in the peritoneal cavity is fixed in the inflamed area and fails to reach the regional lymphatic nodes. If an inflammatory reaction has been produced in the dermis or in the subcutaneous tissue, trypan blue injected into the circulating blood enters the site of inflammation and is fixed so that the tissues are deeply stained.
Myopathy and Rhabdomyolysis With Lovastatin Taken With Gemfibrozil-Reply
Authors: L. Ross Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Goldstein that our article illustrates that drug therapy to modulate lipoproteins is not without risk and that the apparent benefits and risks to populations studied for short periods prior to drug approval may not be reliable in predicting benefit and risk over the long haul. The report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults<sup>1</sup>places limited emphasis on age and sex of hypercholesterolemic patients in suggesting approaches to drug treatment. This report has been criticized for extrapolating prevention trial results from middleaged men to the rest of the adult population, because substantive data on the effects of lipid-regulating drug treatment on cardiovascular events in other populations are lacking.<sup>2,3</sup>We agree that long-term intervention trials of adequate size and power to address both cardiovascular efficacy and overall safety in the
The effects of graded doses of epinephrine on regional myocardial blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in swine.
Authors: C G Brown, H A Werman, E A Davis, J Hobson, R L Hamlin
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Although epinephrine has been shown to improve myocardial blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the effects of standard as well as larger doses of epinephrine on regional myocardial blood flow have not been examined. In this study we compared the effects of various doses of epinephrine on regional myocardial blood flow after a 10 min arrest in a swine preparation. Fifteen swine weighing greater than 15 kg each were instrumented for regional myocardial blood flow measurements with tracer microspheres. Regional blood flow was measured during normal sinus rhythm. After 10 min of ventricular fibrillation, CPR was begun and regional myocardial blood flow was determined. Animals were then randomly assigned to receive 0.02, 0.2, or 2.0 mg/kg epinephrine by peripheral injection. One minute after drug administration, regional myocardial blood flow measurements were repeated. The adjusted regional myocardial blood flows (ml/min/100 g) for animals given 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mg/kg epinephrine, respectively, were as follows: left atrium, 0.9, 67.4, and 58.8; right atrium, 0.3, 46.2, and 38.5; right ventricle, 0.7, 82.3, and 66.9; right interventricular septum, 1.7, 125.5, and 99.1; left interventricular septum, 2.8, 182.8, 109.5; mesointerventricular septum, 16.8, 142.2, and 79.2; left ventricular epicardium, 19.2, 98.5 and 108.7; left ventricular mesocardium, 22.8, 135.0, and 115.8; and left ventricular endocardium, 2.5, 176.1, and 132.9). All comparisons between the groups receiving 0.02 and 0.2 mg/kg epinephrine were statistically significant (p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cure of Morphine, Chloral, and Cocaine Habits by Sodium Bromide
Authors: N. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1899)

JO 2 0 6 4 407 the temperature was 1O0.40.Some dry rdles were heard over the front and back of the chest.-At noon he had the last injection of io c.cm., which was given into the right frontal lobe.March 15th.All tetanic phenomena had subsided.April 2nd.The patient was quite convalescent but still extremely thin, weak, and anuemic.He was able to sit up but was not allowed out of bed.There remained some stiffness of the wrist and a small healing ulcer.The intellectual condition was perfectly satisfactory.
<i>This Week in the</i>New England Journal of Medicine
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer, Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

After appearing for 180 years only in print, the Journal has ventured into a new medium — television. On November 1, Lifetime Medical Television introduced a weekly Sunday program, This Week in the New England Journal of Medicine, that is based on material appearing three days earlier in the Journal.We are collaborating with Lifetime in an effort to reach more physicians and to make the featured articles more accessible by elaborating on them with graphics and commentary. All decisions about program content and all preparatory materials are reviewed by our editorial staff. Dr. Lee Goldman, one of the . . .
Astrocyte-derived ATP modulates depressive-like behaviors
Authors: Xiong Cao, Liang-Ping Li, Qian Wang, Qiong Wu, Hong-Hai Hu, Meng Zhang, Ying-Ying Fang, Jie Zhang, Shu-Ji Li, Wen-Chao Xiong, Hua-Cheng Yan, Yu-Bo Gao, Ji-Hong Liu, Xiao-Wen Li, Li-Rong Sun, Yuan-Ning Zeng, Xin-Hong Zhu, Tian-Ming Gao
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Negligence or Error of Judgment? — Waiting Lists — Oysters for a Boy
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Although in cases in which patients have suffered harm, the lay public tends to equate negligence with errors of judgment, the legal position in Britain is that the award of damages to an injured plaintiff depends on proof of negligence. But it may be difficult to define the border between negligence and an error of judgment, as was demonstrated in a recent, rather tragic case.1 Thus, a trial judge took the view that an obstetrician had been negligent in his conduct of a delivery in which a baby incurred irreversible brain damage, whereas two of the three judges who heard . . .
Use of the Dione Drugs (Propazone, Tridione, Paradione, Dimedione and Malidone) in the Treatment of Epilepsy of Children
Authors: Samuel Livingston, Lydia L. Boks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE derivatives of oxazolidine-2–4-dione have long been known, but it was not until 1941,1 to our knowledge, that the first dione drug (Propazone) was administered to epileptic patients. Since that time four additional dione drugs (Tridione, Paradione, Dimedione and Malidone) have been synthesized and employed in the treatment of epilepsy.The purpose of this paper is to present our results, along with those of others, with the use of these five dione drugs in the treatment of childhood epilepsy.In discussing the efficacy of these drugs in the different types of epilepsy, it is necessary to present our distinction between . . .
Exercise May Boost Aging Immune System
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2008)

The other study offers the first evidence that asthma also may be linked to PTSD. Renee D. Goodwin, MPH, PhD, of the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University in New York City, and colleagues found that Vietnam veterans who report the most symptoms of PTSD are 2.3 times more likely to have asthma than those who report the least PTSD symptoms, based on an analysis of 3065 male twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry (Goodwin RD et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176[10]:983-987). The work also confirmed other studies’ findings of an association between asthma and depression in adults. Further analysis involving a comparison of the results within identical and fraternal twin pairs did not find a substantial difference between the two groups, suggesting that genes do not play a large role in the association between asthma and PTSD. The scientists also probed the relative contributions of some environmental or behavioral factors, including body mass index, smoking, exposure to combat trauma, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the individuals, and found none that fully explained the link between asthma and PTSD. Goodwin and her team are planning longitudinal studiesofchildrentoexamine whether prenatal factors, such as havingamotherwhosmokedduringpregnancy, may explain the association betweenasthmaandpsychiatricproblems. In the meantime, Goodwin said, physicians should be aware that patients with asthma who are exposed to trauma or other difficult life events might have an elevated risk of developing PTSD or other psychiatric disorders, and consider screening them for such comorbities.
Self-Blood Glucose Monitoring Practices
Authors: Deb K. Bjorsness, Philip A. Krezowski, Todd S. Harwell, Janet M. McDowall, Marcene K. Butcher, Steven D. Helgerson, Dorothy Gohdes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a major advance in diabetes care, but questions remain about its exact role in type 2 diabetes (1). Studies conducted in large clinical practices have shown a positive association between SMBG frequency and good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, few attempts to describe the relationship between monitoring and glycemic control have looked beyond the frequency of testing to determine whether patients clearly understood their target values and how they respond to the information obtained from monitoring (2–4).

In a collaborative effort, the Great Falls Clinic and the Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services surveyed a random sample of current patients with diabetes (815 of 1,234 patients were selected) by telephone in October 2002, to assess their diabetes care. Respondents were asked if they were currently taking insulin and/or oral antihyperglycemic medications and were classified into three groups: those using insulin with or without oral antihyperglycemic agents, those taking oral therapies only, and those not currently taking any diabetes medications. Respondents were also asked about SMBG, “About how often do you check your blood for glucose or sugar?” (the response categories for this question were the number of times per day, week, month, or year, or don’t know/not sure, never, and refused to answer). Respondents reporting any SMBG were then asked, “What do you do with your blood glucose or sugar readings …
On the Desirability of Establishing Bacteriological Laboratories in Connection with Hospital Wards
Authors: J. Chiene
Journal: BMJ (1884)

TItE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL6 653 as one suggesting a new line of investigation in cases of the sort, and as likely to lead to a clearer explanation of the origin of some of these cases.The rarity of such cases, which the antiseptic system of surgery has done so much to produce, must be my excuse for having brought so short a record before the Association; but I do so in the belief that, if observations in the direction indicated be made on the isolated cases which do occur, much of interest may be found out, and valuable indications may be established on which to base a system of treatment.
The Gastroenterology Annual: A Series of Critical Surveys of the International Literature
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<i>The Gastroenterology Annual</i>volume 1/1983, is the first of an anticipated yearly series to collate recently published clinical and basic scientific literature pertaining to the digestive system and its diseases. Information on the liver will be reviewed in a separate volume. Rather than providing a comprehensive summary of every article published, a group of internationally recognized experts used the current literature, mostly from July 1, 1981, to June 30, 1982, to update 17 areas in gastroenterology that include the organ systems, inflammatory bowel disease, immunology, hormones, nutrition, tumors, absorption, vascular physiology, ecology and infection, endoscopy, imaging, and pediatrics. This is not meant to be a textbook of gastroenterology. A broad background is needed to appreciate the new concepts presented and to understand the controversies that still exist. Some of the older literature is mentioned in order to put the newer material in proper prospective. Although a vast amount of literature
Assessing the Reliability and Credibility of Industry Science and Scientists
Authors: Craig S. Barrow, James W. Conrad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The chemical industry extensively researches and tests its products to implement product stewardship commitments and to ensure compliance with governmental requirements. In this commentary we argue that a wide variety of mechanisms enable policymakers and the public to assure themselves that studies performed or funded by industry are identified as such, meet high scientific standards, and are not suppressed when their findings are adverse to industry's interests. The more a given study follows these practices and standards, the more confidence one can place in it. No federal laws, rules, or policies express a presumption that scientific work should be ignored or given lesser weight because of the source of its funding. To the contrary, Congress has consistently mandated that agencies allow interested or affected parties to provide information to them and fairly consider that information. All participants in scientific review panels should disclose sources of potential biases and conflicts of interest. The former should be considered in seeking a balanced panel rather than being used as a basis for disqualification. Conflicts of interest generally do require disqualification, except where outweighed by the need for a person's services. Within these constraints, chemical industry scientists can serve important and legitimate functions on scientific advisory panels and should not be unjustifiably prevented from contributing to their work.
Canadians seek kidney transplants in poor countries
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

An estimated 30–50 Canadians travel each year to China, India, and the Philippines for kidney transplants because waiting lists for the operation are so long at home; they can be up to six years in Toronto.

Accurate figures are not available, but medical experts say the practice is quite common. Dr Jeffrey Zaltsman, director of St Michael's Hospital renal transplant programme in Toronto, says “We've had lots of patients who have gone [abroad]. Some tell us and some don't tell us; …
Cutaneous Pharmacology and Toxicology
Authors: Howard Maibach
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1976)

The fields of cutaneous pharmacology and toxicology existed as long as man used topical therapy; some medicaments were helpful and others harmful. This review documents recent progress in these fields in terms of the experimental method. Emphasis has been given to conceptual and methodologic progress rather than a list of new molecules. As signs of the advent of the maturity of these fields, a graduate school course has recently been completed, one text has been published (7), and at least two are in preparation. It is likely that the next review of this topic in this series will reflect this considerable progress in terms of relevance to man.
The relationship between joint damage and functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Claire Bombardier, Marco Barbieri, Anju Parthan, Debra J Zack, Valery Walker, David Macarios, Josef S Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

To summarise the relationship between joint damage and functional disability in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.A systematic review of the literature from 1990 to 2008 was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The search strategy focused on RA, joint damage and disability. Only longitudinal studies or randomised clinical trials with 1 year or more of follow-up containing data correlating joint damage and disability were included. The comparisons were categorised in four ways: baseline damage versus disability at end of follow-up (correlation A); damage versus disability measured cross-sectionally at each of several time points (correlation B); changes in damage versus final disability (correlation C) and changes in damage versus changes in disability (correlation D).From a total of 1902 abstracts, 42 studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. More than 50% of the studies that measured baseline damage to later disability (A) reported a statistically significant association. Correlation was significant when measured at multiple time points over time (B; 16/19 studies). Statistically significant associations between changes in damage and either disability at end of follow-up or changes in disability were also found (C and D; 11/13 studies).While many of the studies did not include multivariate analysis with confounder adjustment, the published evidence indicates a link between joint damage and functional disability and that an increase in joint damage is associated with an increase in disability over time. Treatments to limit progressive joint damage may lead to better joint function and improved patient outcome with less disability.