tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF HYPOTENSIVE DRUGS IN MAN. I. VERATRUM VIRIDE1
Authors: Edward D. Freis, Joseph R. Stanton, James W. Culbertson, Julius Litter, Meyer H. Halperin, Charles H. Burnett, Robert W. Wilkins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

Calculated from the "mean" (one-half the sum of systolic and diastolic) pressure.
Two-step tuberculin skin testing in HIV-infected persons in Uganda.
Authors: M T Hecker, J L Johnson, C C Whalen, S Nyole, R D Mugerwa, J J Ellner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Identifying persons infected with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is often difficult because of the reduced sensitivity of tuberculin skin testing in HIV-infected persons. To determine the value of two-step tuberculin skin testing (TTST) as a method of increasing the sensitivity of tuberculin skin testing in HIV-infected persons, a consecutive sample of 58 HIV-infected persons being screened for a TB preventive therapy trial in Uganda with an initial purified protein derivative (PPD) response < 5 mm completed two-step tuberculin and candida skin testing. The mean change in PPD size between the two tests, placed a mean of 8 d apart, was +2.1 mm (SD 4.4 mm, range -4 to +16 mm). Seventeen subjects (29%) had a boosted response (PPD1 < 5 and PPD2 > or = 5). In a multiple logistic regression model, boosted responses were independently associated with a CD4 count between 200 and 500 microl(-1) (p = 0.02) and a higher body mass index (p = 0.05). TTST may be valuable in identifying MTB infection and in preventing misclassification of boosted responses as skin test conversions in HIV-infected persons, especially persons with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 microl(-1) from areas with a high prevalence of MTB infection or from areas with a low prevalence of MTB infection who have other risk factors for MTB infection.
PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: Frank C. Mann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Emboli made of paraffin and the animal's own blood were sent into the venous circulation of dogs. Death did not occur until the pulmonary circulation was practically occluded. The results were the same whether the blood pressure of the animal was normal or depressed by ether or disease and whether the procedure was carried out under ether or local anesthesia.
178 COMPARISON OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF LIVER SURFACE AND TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CIRRHOSIS AND PORTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: A. Berzigotti, J.G. Abraldes, E. Llop, E. Erice, R. Gilabert, J.C. Garcia-Pagan, J. Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
An influence of Interferon-γ gene polymorphisms on treatment response to tuberculosis in Japanese population
Authors: Masataka Shibasaki, Tetsuya Yagi, Hiroshi Yatsuya, Masakazu Okamoto, Mitsunori Nishikawa, Hisashi Baba, Naozumi Hashimoto, Kazuyoshi Senda, Tsutomu Kawabe, Kazumitsu Nakashima, Kazuyoshi Imaizumi, Kaoru Shimokata, Yoshinori Hasegawa
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
Carbon monoxide potently prevents ischemia-induced high-mobility group box 1 translocation and release and protects against lethal renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yongle Ruan, Lu Wang, Yue Zhao, Ying Yao, Song Chen, Junhua Li, Hui Guo, Changsheng Ming, Shi Chen, Feili Gong, Gang Chen
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Treatment of lentigo maligna with topical imiquimod
Authors: M.F. Naylor, N. Crowson, R. Kuwahara, K. Teague, C. Garcia, C. Mackinnis, R. Haque, C. Odom, C. Jankey, R.L. Cornelison
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Treatment of lentigo maligna with topical imiquimod Get access M.F. Naylor, M.F. Naylor Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A M.F.Naylor E‐mail: mark‐naylor@ouhsc.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Crowson, N. Crowson Department of Dermatology, St. Johns Hospital, 1923 South Utica Avenue, Tulsa, Oklahoma U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Kuwahara, R. Kuwahara Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Teague, K. Teague Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, Oklahoma U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Garcia, C. Garcia Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Mackinnis, C. Mackinnis Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Haque, R. Haque Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Odom, C. Odom Department of Dermatology, St. Johns Hospital, 1923 South Utica Avenue, Tulsa, Oklahoma U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Jankey, C. Jankey Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.L. Cornelison R.L. Cornelison Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 619 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue s66, 1 November 2003, Pages 66–69, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0366-077X.2003.05637.x Published: 01 November 2003
Umbilical clamping should be deferred to protect blood flow to newborns, recommends expert review
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Clamping of the umbilical cord should be deferred rather than carried out immediately after the birth of healthy babies born at full term, recommends an updated review.1 This conclusion was based on evidence that deferral protected blood flow to the baby and improved iron stores in infancy.

The updated scientific impact paper from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists reviewed the latest evidence on the timing of cord clamping. It warned that immediate cord clamping can affect blood flow to the newborn baby and the transition from fetal to neonatal circulation.

Immediate clamping, defined …
Selective Transsphenoidal Adenectomy—Microbiopsy Prolactinomas-Reply
Authors: Lester S. Adelman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We examined five to eight microbiopsy specimens of each patient because we believed, early in our experience with these lesions, that we needed that many samples to assure ourselves that the tumor was completely removed. The number of biopsies was determined by the surgeon's need for the information they provided, not by the cost. The patients were charged our standard fee for multiple frozen sections. We do not believe that the donation of the pathologist's time or grant support justifies unnecessary biopsies. We now do fewer biopsies, often one or two, as Drs Moossy and Martinez suggest. In cases where a few biopsies are not sufficient, however, we do not hesitate to do more because of the additional fee. It does not take three times as long to read six biopsies as it takes to read two, since the time required to go to the surgicopathology area and
Comparative circulatory effects of isoproterenol, dopamine, and dobutamine in conscious lambs with and without aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts.
Authors: G P Toorop, R Hardjowijono, M Dalinghaus, J H Koers, C R Wildevuur, W G Zijlstra, J R Kuipers
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We studied the effect on the circulation of the catecholamines isoproterenol, dopamine, and dobutamine in chronically instrumented lambs with aortopulmonary left-to-right shunts (ages 11 to 87 days) and without shunts (ages 8 to 97 days). Infusion of 0.1 microgram/kg/min isoproterenol or 10 micrograms/kg/min dobutamine markedly increased heart rate and systemic and pulmonary blood flows, while stroke volume and the left-to-right shunt flow did not change. Since pulmonary blood flow increased and the left-to-right shunt flow did not change, the left-to-right shunt fraction decreased with the infusions of isoproterenol and dobutamine. The hemodynamic changes during the infusion of isoproterenol and dobutamine occurred immediately after the start of infusion and stabilized within a few minutes. The pattern of hemodynamic changes was not influenced by the presence of an aortopulmonary left-to-right shunt or by age. Infusion of 10 micrograms/kg/min dopamine caused only small hemodynamic changes. This study shows that heart rate and systemic blood flow in the lamb are closely related. Furthermore, it demonstrates that despite an increased systemic blood flow, left-to-right shunt flow does not change after infusion of isoproterenol and dobutamine. Any decision as to which positive inotropic agent might be preferred at an early age should await experimental work concerning the effect of these agents on the myocardial oxygen demand and on the distribution of the systemic blood flow.
Phylogenetic position of cetaceans relative to artiodactyls: reanalysis of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences
Authors: M. Hasegawa, J. Adachi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

By a maximum likelihood analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences, we examine Graur and Higgins' hypothesis of the Ruminantia/Cetacea clade with Suiformes as an outgroup. Graur and Higgins analyzed these sequences by the neighbor-joining and parsimony methods, as well as by the maximum likelihood method under the assumption that the substitution rate is the same for all sites. The Ruminantia/Suiformes clade assumed by the traditional taxonomy was rejected strongly by this analysis and the Ruminantia/Cetacea clade was supported. Adoption of a more realistic model distinguishing among rates at different codon positions in the maximum likelihood analysis of the same data, however, grossly reduces the significance level on the Graur-Higgins hypothesis. Thus, although the Ruminantia/Suiformes grouping is indeed least likely from Graur and Higgins' data set of mitochondrial DNA, this traditional tree cannot be rejected with statistical significance under the new analysis, and more data are needed to settle the issue. In the same way, we examine Irwin and Arnason's suggestion of the Hippopotamus/Cetacea clade by using cytochrome b and hemoglobins alpha and beta, and it turn out that their suggestion is also fragile. This analysis demonstrates the importance of selecting an appropriate model among the alternatives in the maximum likelihood analysis and of using many different genes from many relevant species in order to make reliable phylogenetic inferences.
Complications of Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: TRYGGVI ASMUNDSSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Complications during treatment of 146 patients 239 episodes of acute respiratory failure were studied over a 4-year period. All the patients had previous chronic respiratory insufficiency. Acute necrotizing pneumonia, the hyperventilation alkalosis syndrome, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias were the commonest fatal complications. Eighteen patients had necrotizing pneumonia; 4 had pneumonia and pulmonary edema; 12 had hyperventilation alkalosis; 8 had errors of airway management; 12 had myocardial infarctions; 11 had ventricular arrhythmias; and 7 others had vascular catastrophies. Frequent sterilization of equipment, aseptic techniques for handling equipment used in airways, and regular bacteriological cultures from equipment were important to decrease nosocomial infections. Frequent careful monitoring of ventilation prevented the alkalosis syndrome. Maintaining good oxygenation and normal hydrogen ion levels in arterial blood reduced the frequency of arrhythmias. Thus, survival of patients can be improved by the prevention or early and effective treatment of complications that cause their premature death.
Allergic sensitization to pegylated interferon‐α results in drug eruptions
Authors: S. Meller, P. A. Gerber, A. Kislat, P. Hevezi, T. Göbel, U. Wiesner, S. Kellermann, E. Bünemann, A. Zlotnik, D. Häussinger, A. Erhardt, B. Homey
Journal: Allergy (2015)

The introduction of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C has led to an increase in sustained virological response. Despite reduced immunogenicity of the pegylated form in comparison with native interferon (IFN)-α, a high frequency of adverse cutaneous reactions has been reported with pegylated IFN-α. Here, we aimed to investigate the immunological mechanisms underlying pegylated IFN-α-induced drug eruptions.Hepatitis C patients suffering from drug eruptions in association with administration of pegylated interferons were enrolled in the study (n = 22). Subjects were tested for sensitivity to pegylated IFN-α2a , pegylated IFN-α2b , or ribavirin using intradermal, scratch, and/or patch tests, as well as lymphocyte activation tests (LATs). Skin biopsies obtained from pegylated IFN-α-associated exanthemas, as well as from localized inflammatory skin reactions at pegylated IFN-α injection sites, were analyzed for the expression of relevant chemokines by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.A subset of patients suffering from pegylated IFN-α-associated exanthemas displayed positive intradermal tests to PEG-IFNs but not to conventional IFN (11/22). In selected patients, this observation correlated with the presence of pegylated IFN-specific T cells (3/11). Chemokine profiles of inflammatory skin reactions at the injection sites reflected an IFN-α-signature, whereas lesional skin of exanthemas showed induction of TH2-associated chemokines.Our results indicate that specific sensitizations are one cause of exanthemas under therapy with PEG-IFNs. Clinical proof-of-concept analyses demonstrate that affected patients may benefit from a switch to conventional, nonpegylated drugs, enabling IFN-α therapy continuation without drug-associated skin eruptions.
Purpura Associated with Ovarian Tumour
Authors: M. Dales
Journal: BMJ (1965)

catheter and the connecting tube had then been strapped to the abdominal wall with Elastoplast strapping.Two weeks later the patient made a complete recovery from renal failure with no significant abdominal symptoms, and at laparotomy the catheter was found to be lying free in the peri- toneum very close to its initial point of insertion.It had excited no peritoneal reaction at all.We had thought that our method of fixing the catheter (with purse-string suture and two separate pieces of plaster) was perfectly safe, but this is clearly not the case.Now we fit a small cuff of rubber pressure tubing (3 mm.x 5 mm.-FranklinsLtd.) over the catheter once the latter has been inserted and fixed with a purse-string suture.This cuff fits very firmly and can be pushed down until it is close to the abdominal wall, and the catheter can then be strapped in the usual way.We consider that this provides an adequate safeguard against a similar occurrence.A further precaution would be the inclusion of a radio-opaque marker in the catheter, which is at present completely radio-translucent.In this patient's case we could not be absolutely certain before operation that the catheter was in the abdomen.-Weare, etc.,
Nutritional Anemia During Infancy
Authors: Robert J. Karp
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs Berg and van Pelt (240:1362, 1978) have made an important observation: children receiving any of a variety of iron-supplemented foods in the first year of life are unlikely to have development of iron deficiency anemia. Readers should contrast their logical and simple method for providing ironfortified foods with the cumbersome and inefficient methods required by most federally funded programs. Every family was given an opportunity to obtain iron-fortified infant foods. In federal programs there is a constant nit-picking over eligibility on the (false) assumption that a child from one poor family is less eligible than a child from another family with a few extra dollars of yearly income. When nutrition problems are resolved, support is often withdrawn. I believe that their conclusions are biased by the nature of the population surveyed. A study of families willing to attend clinic is inherently biased. Families of clinic attenders
Commentary: Retransplantation in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: D. Geddes
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Try the following nightmare. You are a policeman on the Titanic whose job is to decide who gets a place on the lifeboats—there is only room for one in three. “First come, first served” won’t work as the crowd is swirling around you shouting, threatening, disorderly. How do you choose? Youth before age?—the young have many more years to gain. The fittest first?—better equipped to survive. Those who have been in a shipwreck before?—you know they can handle it. The rich and famous? Your own family and friends? The people with the loudest voice? The crowd is becoming menacing. Coolly you reach into your pocket and pull out a slim volume “ Lifeboats—an evidenced based approach ”. You start to read “do more good than harm . . ., fairness and equity . . ., the greatest good for the greatest number . . .”. You turn the page—the rest of the book is blank. You wake to find you are a simple chest physician with a patient who needs a lung transplant. Not enough donor organs, not enough evidence, not enough consensus. Should decisions be made by individual doctors on behalf of individual patients or is there now enough experience and agreement for …
Carrots, sticks and tuberculosis
Authors: R. J COKER
Journal: Thorax (1999)

Pulic health authorities have long had at their disposal the authority to impose coercive measures to protect the public from perceived threats. Tuberculosis is a global emergency and the spectre of widespread drug resistance resulting from inadequate treatment is perhaps the most feared vision by those involved in control programmes. To improve treatment completion rates and reduce the development of drug resistance, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and others are advocating the broad use of observed therapy as a central plank in their tuberculosis control programme. Directly observed therapy (DOT) has been shown to be effective in several settings, perhaps most dramatically in New York City.1 The success of this particular programme has received widespread recognition, but what has perhaps received less international attention is the use of some measures to support this approach.

In addition to a broad array of incentives, including cash payments, food coupons, shelter, and assistance with travel, the city underpinned the expansion of its DOT programme by amending its health codes and authorising the Commissioner of Health to detain both infectious and non-infectious individuals “where there is a substantial likelihood, based on such person’s past or present behaviour, that he or she can not (sic) be relied upon to participate in and/or to complete an appropriate prescribed course of medication for tuberculosis and/or, if necessary, to follow required contagion precautions for tuberculosis.”2 This represented a fundamental shift in officials’ authority to include measures directed towards the non-infectious recalcitrant patient. At the time the amended regulations were adopted, concern both from civil libertarians and city officials was focused upon “due process” protections with an emphasis on the use of less restrictive alternatives to detention. Both sides accepted the constitutional and ethical principles underlying the justification for detention of “recalcitrant” individuals and little distinction was …
Chemoprevention by inducers of carcinogen detoxication enzymes.
Authors: T W Kensler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

One of the major mechanisms of chemical protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity mediated by electrophiles is the induction of enzymes involved in their metabolism, particularly phase 2 enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases, and NAD(P)H:quinone reductase. Furthermore, induction of phase 2 enzymes appears to be a sufficient condition for obtaining chemoprevention and can be achieved in many target tissues by administering any of a diverse array of naturally occurring and synthetic chemical agents. One class of chemopreventive agents, 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones, was developed on the basis of their potent activity in rodent tissues as inducers of GSTs. A substituted dithiolethione, oltipraz [4-methyl-5-(2-pyrazinyl)-1,2-dithiole-3-thione], is an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin B1-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Oltipraz produces dramatic decreases in the levels of aflatoxin-DNA adducts in the liver as well as in the urinary levels of the depurination product aflatoxin-N7-guanine. Corresponding increases are seen in the biliary elimination of aflatoxin-glutathione conjugates. Administration of oltipraz results in 3- to 4-fold increases in hepatic cytosolic GST activities and mRNA levels for some alpha, mu and pi isoforms. Nuclear run-on assays have indicated that oltipraz treatment elevates rates of transcription of some GST subunits. In the rat, induction of phase 2 enzymes by oltipraz is mediated, at least in part, through the antioxidant response element in the 5' flanking region of these genes. Although oltipraz has a very short plasma half-life, elevations in the levels of some GST isoforms can persist up to 1 week after dosing with oltipraz. Concordantly, intermittent dosing schedules (i.e., once a week) are nearly as effective as daily interventions for inhibition of aflatoxin-mediated hepatic tumorigenesis. The protective efficacy of daily and weekly administration of oltipraz to people in Qidong, People's Republic of China, who are at high risk for aflatoxin exposure and subsequent development of hepetocellular carcinoma, is currently under evaluation.
PSYCHIATRIC OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY: SOME ASPECTS OF ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
Authors: MADELAINE ELLIS, ARTHUR J. BACHRACH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Psychiatric OT cannot function successfully as an independent unit. Its existence in the hospital environment has very little meaning without the comprehension of and the close coordination with the psychiatric staff. Without such coordination psychiatric OT can at best do little more than keep patients occupied. With an understanding of and full utilization of the potentialities inherent in this type of therapy, the value to the patient is limited only by the skill and resourcefulness of the psychiatric staff and the occupational therapists.