tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of adipose cell size and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity in the carbohydrate intolerance of human obesity
Authors: Lester B. Salans, Jerome L. Knittle, Jules Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity of isolated human adipose tissue was studied as a function of adipose cell size and number. Glucose metabolism by these tissues was closely related to the number of cells in the fragment, irrespective of cell size. Adipose cells of obese individuals metabolized glucose to carbon dioxide and triglyceride at rates similar to adipose cells of nonobese subjects. In contrast, insulin responsiveness of adipose tissue was dependent upon adipose cell size. The larger its adipose cells the less insulin sensitive was the tissue. Thus, adipose tissue of obese subjects, with enlarged cells, showed a diminished response to insulin. After weight loss and reduction in adipose cell size, insulin sensitivity of the adipose tissue of obese patients was restored to normal. When adipose tissue of obese individuals showed impaired responsiveness to insulin, their plasma insulin levels, after oral glucose, were elevated. Weight loss and reduction in adipose cell size restored plasma insulin concentration to normal, concomitant with the return of normal tissue insulin sensitivity.
Evolution of the Ventilatory Capacity in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: P. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Autistic Conditions in Childhood-Wing et al. hi paediatricians, psychiatrists, and social workers.The parents should, of course, always be put into touch with the appro- priate voluntary organization (the National Society for Autistic Children). SummayA survey of children aged 8, 9, and 10 resident in the former County of Middlesex on 1 January 1964 showed that 4.5 per 10,000 had "autistic conditions of early childhood."This meahs that there are about twice as many autistic children in the country as there are blind children.There was a raised male-female ratio but no special birth order.Autistic children were more likely to have suffered from complications during pregnancy and delivery than their siblings, and one-half had marked delay in motor milestones.It was confirmed that the parents of autistic children (particularly those in the " nuclear group ") were likely to be above average in educational attain- meet, occupational level, and intelligence.There was no evidence for a genetic or clinical relationship between early childhood autism and schizophrenia.Clinical and educational services still leave much to be desired.
High-Voltage QRS Complexes in the Absence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: GORDON R. CUMMING, WILLIAM L. PROUDFIT
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Of an unselected group of otherwise normal electrocardiograms in which the sum of S in V 1 and R in V 5 exceeded 35 mm., 39 per cent came from patients with no clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Of electrocardiograms in which R in AV L exceeded 11 mm., 29 per cent were from patients without cardiac disease. All of the cases in which the voltage was abnormal in both lead aV L and the precordial leads had evident or possible heart disease. Thus, while the voltage indexes for left ventricular hypertrophy of Sokolow and Lyon are useful and easy to apply, the lack of specificity of voltage changes limits clinical application.
Contamination Found in Compounded Steroids From Tennessee Company
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Investigators from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have found bacterial and fungal contamination in unopened vials of methylprednisolone acetate from a Tennessee-based pharmacy linked to more than 2 dozen infections in 4 states (http://1.usa.gov/143c3Nd).
Educating Enough Competent Health Professionals: Advancing Educational Innovation at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
Authors: Ephata E. Kaaya, Sarah B. Macfarlane, Charles A. Mkony, Eligius F. Lyamuya, Helen Loeser, Phyllis Freeman, Edward K. Kirumira, Kisali Pallangyo, Haile T. Debas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Sarah MacFarlane and colleagues share their lessons engaging in educational reform and faculty development with the Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences in Tanzania and the University of California San Francisco.
A Longitudinal Study of the Use of Mental Health Services by Persons With Serious Mental Illness: Do Spanish-Speaking Latinos Differ From English-Speaking Latinos and Caucasians?
Authors: David P. Folsom, Todd Gilmer, Concepcion Barrio, David J. Moore, Jesus Bucardo, Laurie A. Lindamer, Piedad Garcia, William Hawthorne, Richard Hough, Thomas Patterson, Dilip V. Jeste
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Reports of mental health care use by Latinos compared to Caucasians have been mixed. To the authors' knowledge, no large-scale studies have examined the effects of language on mental health service use for Latinos who prefer Spanish compared to Latinos who prefer English and to Caucasians. Language is the most frequently used proxy measure of acculturation. The authors used the administrative database of a mental health system to conduct a longitudinal examination of mental health service use among Spanish-speaking versus English-speaking Latinos and Caucasians with serious mental illness.There were 539 Spanish-speaking Latinos, 1,144 English-speaking Latinos, and 4,638 Caucasians initiating treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression during 2001-2004. Using multivariate regressions, the authors examined the differences among the groups in the type of service first used. The authors also examined the probability of use of each of four types of mental health services and the intensity of outpatient treatment.Spanish-speaking Latinos differed from both English-speaking Latinos and Caucasians on most measures. Compared to patients in the other groups, the Spanish-speaking Latinos were less likely to enter care through emergency or jail services and more likely to enter care through outpatient services. There were no group differences in the proportion that stayed in treatment or used inpatient hospitalization.This study suggests that for Latinos, preferred language may be more important than ethnicity in mental health service use. Future studies comparing mental health use may need to differentiate between Spanish- and English-speaking Latinos.
A HARMLESS MUCOUS MEMBRANE IRRIGANT
Authors: MARTIN H. FISCHER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

During the last several years the nose and throat surgeons have given up increasingly the use of irrigating solutions in the treatment of acute or chronically inflamed accessory sinuses or after these have been operated on. The feeling seems to be general that their employment is harmful, and it is frequently maintained that they spread infection. The saturated boric acid solution or the so-called physiologic salt solutions commonly used in hospitals (solutions of sodium chloride, varying in concentration from 0.7 per cent to 0.85 per cent) at times unquestionably produce such bad effects, and yet, it must appeal to every one's surgical sense that the mechanical cleansing of mucous membranes, coated with mucus or pus, can by itself be only of benefit.  In reviewing the matter some two years ago, we were of the opinion that the evil effects produced by such irrigants were dependent on their faulty composition. As
Pathology of Second-Generation Everolimus-Eluting Stents Versus First-Generation Sirolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents in Humans
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Marc Vorpahl, Masataka Nakano, Jason Foerst, John B. Newell, Kenichi Sakakura, Robert Kutys, Elena Ladich, Aloke V. Finn, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Clinical trials have demonstrated that the second-generation cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stent (CoCr-EES) is superior to the first-generation paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) and is noninferior or superior to the sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in terms of safety and efficacy. It remains unclear whether vascular responses to CoCr-EES are different from those to SES and PES because the pathology of CoCr-EES has not been described in humans.A total of 204 lesions (SES=73; PES=85; CoCr-EES=46) from 149 autopsy cases with duration of implantation >30 days and ≤3 years were pathologically analyzed, and comparison of vascular responses was corrected for duration of implantation. The observed frequency of late and very late stent thrombosis was less in CoCr-EES (4%) versus SES (21%; P=0.029) and PES (26%; P=0.008). Neointimal thickness was comparable among the groups, whereas the percentage of uncovered struts was strikingly lower in CoCr-EES (median=2.6%) versus SES (18.0%; P<0.0005) and PES (18.7%; P<0.0005). CoCr-EES showed a lower inflammation score (with no hypersensitivity) and less fibrin deposition versus SES and PES. The observed frequency of neoatherosclerosis, however, did not differ significantly among the groups (CoCr-EES=29%; SES=35%; PES=19%). CoCr-EES had the least frequency of stent fracture (CoCr-EES=13%; SES=40%; PES=19%; P=0.007 for CoCr-EES versus SES), whereas fracture-related restenosis or thrombosis was comparable among the groups (CoCr-EES=6.5%; SES=5.5%; PES=1.2%).CoCr-EES demonstrated greater strut coverage with less inflammation, less fibrin deposition, and less late and very late stent thrombosis compared with SES and PES in human autopsy analysis. Nevertheless, the observed frequencies of neoatherosclerosis and fracture-related adverse pathological events were comparable in these devices, indicating that careful long-term follow-up remains important even after CoCr-EES placement.
Topics in Family Practice
Authors: Lawrence L. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1977)

It is almost a decade since family practice has been recognized and legitimized by the profession, and predictably, there is much confusion as to what this "new specialty" is. A unique postulate of this movement is the mandatory continuing medical education. As a result, there has emerged a plethora of material attempting to define, describe, interpret, or specify the discipline. Most unfortunately, much of the material has been produced by those either least sympathetic to the objectives of the family physicians or most unaware of their needs. <i>Topics in Family Practice</i>is an example of apparently well-intentioned but misguided effort. The presentations cover an array of topics in medicine, pediatrics, dermatology, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, neurology, and surgery. Although the average length of the 41 articles is eight to ten pages, the shortest, "Practical Psychopharmacology of Antipsychotic Drugs," is a bare 1 1/4 pages. The longest, "Surgical Hypertension in Family
ROUTINE EARLY EPTIFIBATIDE, INFARCT SIZE, AND OUTCOMES IN NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS WITH ELEVATED TROPONIN ON ADMISSION
Authors: Saman Rasoul, Arnoud van&apos;t Hof, Robert Clare, Dan Atar, Stefan James, Jean-Francois Tanguay, Amadeo Betriu, gerard brogan, Robert Giugliano, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Nonbacterial purpura fulminans and severe autoimmune acquired protein S deficiency associated with human herpesvirus-6 active replication
Authors: O. Boccara, F. Lesage, V. Regnault, D. Lasne, L. Dupic, E. Bourdon-Lanoy, S. Pannier, S. Fraitag, F. Audat, T. Lecompte, P. Hubert, C. Bodemer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Nonbacterial purpura fulminans (PF) is rare, usually follows viral infection in young children, and is characterized by specific coagulation disorders, requiring specific therapy. Following a transient rash, a 2-year-old previously healthy girl developed PF without haemodynamic impairment. Laboratory data revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation and a severe transient protein S deficiency. Antiprotein S autoantibodies and active human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6) replication were demonstrated. Purpuric skin lesions spread very rapidly despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and right leg amputation. Plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins gave complete clinical recovery and normalization of protein S level within 10 days, with progressive clearance of antiprotein S autoantibodies. Transient severe protein S deficiencies have previously been reported in patients with nonbacterial PF, usually after varicella infection. This is the first documented case of PF after HHV6 infection.
Randomized prospective evaluation of prolonged versus abbreviated intravenous heparin therapy after coronary angioplasty
Authors: Harold Z. Friedman, David R. Cragg, Susan M. Glazier, Vellappillil Gangadharan, Dominic L. Marsalese, Theodore L. Schreiber, William W. O'neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Depression and Survival Among HIV-Infected Persons
Authors: Constantine G. Lyketsos, Donald R. Hoover, Marcella Guccione
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —We previously reported 1,2 that depression, defined by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score, is not associated with a more rapid time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death or with a more rapid decline in CD4 cell count among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)—infected AIDS-free homosexual men participating in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS).  We are currently studying pre-AIDS depression, which consists of a dramatic increase in CES-D—based depressive symptomatology occurring 12 to 18 months before AIDS (by the 1987 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical definition 3 ). These changes in severity of depression, at a time of multiple psychological and biological stressors, raises the question as to whether depression at later stages of HIV infection is different from depression at earlier stages. It might be hypothesized that depressive symptoms at late stages of HIV infection are associated with more rapid
The DASH Diet and Diet Costs Among Ethnic and Racial Groups in the United States
Authors: Pablo Monsivais, Colin D. Rehm, Adam Drewnowski
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is perhaps the best example of how a nutrient dense dietary pattern can prevent chronic disease. In randomized trials, DASH dietary patterns lowered blood pressure in hypertensive individuals.1 Subsequent trials and observational studies have consistently found that DASH-type diets reduced cardiovascular and metabolic risk.2
Ecstasy induced hepatitis mimicking viral hepatitis.
Authors: R S Dykhuizen, P W Brunt, P Atkinson, J G Simpson, C C Smith
Journal: Gut (1995)

Three cases of jaundice after ingestion of 3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA), known as 9ecstasy9, are reported and the complications associated with the misuse of this drug, which was initially misrepresented as 9safer than alcohol9 are described. Ingestion of 9ecstasy9 should be considered when investigating unexplained jaundice in younger patients.
Glycerol-induced hemoglobinuric acute renal failure in the rat. I. Micropuncture study of the development of oliguria.
Authors: D E Oken, M L Arce, D R Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The oliguria of acute renal failure has been at- tributed to tubular obstruction (1-12), "leakage" of the glomerular filtrate through rents in the tu- bular wall (13-19), and vascular mechanisms of various types (20-25).In a previous paper, it was shown that the oliguria of mercury-induced acute renal failure in the rat reflects a primary decrease in glomerular filtration rate and cannot be attributed to tubular mechanisms (26).The ap- plicability of these findings to most types of acute renal failure occurring in humans may be ques- tioned, however, because of the very dissimilar etiologies and the known effect of large doses of mercury on the renal circulation ( 27).The pres- ent study concerns the events leading to the de- velopment of oliguria in glycerol-induced hemo- globinuric acute renal failure, a model more closely akin to the syndrome of acute renal failure in man. MethodsSprague-Dawley and Cobb female rats weighing ap- proximately 200 g were placed in metabolic cages for at least 1 day before experimentation.Their consumption of food and water (allowed ad libitum) as well as their weight changes and urine output during this time were recorded.Rats designated as "dehydrated" were given free access to food but deprived of drinking water for 24 *
Postoperative Massive Collapse of the Lungs
Authors: John G. Raffensperger
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Two patients have been encountered who died immediately after operation with pulmonary collapse. Each patient underwent a prolonged operation to correct esophageal obstruction and then suffered severe hypoventilation and died before adequate resuscitative measures could be instituted. The literature was reviewed for previous clinical reports of this syndrome as well as reports of experimental work that has been done to determine the etiology of massive atelectasis. The combination of respiratory depression, rapid absorption of gas from the alveoli, and bronchospasm secondary to vagus nerve reflexes was responsible for the production of massive pulmonary collapse. To prevent this complication, repeated doses of atropine during surgery, hyperventilation with room air at the end of anesthesia, and mechanical respiratory assistance in selected cases are suggested.
The Epidemiology of Childhood Disorders
Authors: G Russell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Most paediatricians are prepared to pontificate on epidemiological matters, giving authoritative opinions on subjects ranging from secular trends - “I saw two last week, there must be an epidemic” - to the effects of pollution - “the increase in asthma couldn't be due to anything else.” I wonder how many of these instant experts noticed the rising prevalence of hypospadias during the 1970s or considered that dietary salt intake might be the “Westernising” factor responsible for the international …
Clinical Neurology of Aging
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This second edition of what rapidly became a reference text when the first edition appeared in 1984 was produced with the collaboration of 59 specialists in various aspects of geriatric neurology. A simplistic expression of the growth of what is rapidly becoming a subspecialty of neurology is the almost 30% increase in the number of pages. In their preface to the second edition, the editors state, "Our goal has been to shape a comprehensive text-reference book of the neurology of aging providing the scientific foundations of clinical practice, together with practical clinical advice for diagnosis and management of neurological disorders in the elderly patient." In general, they have been highly successful in reaching that goal, although, as with all multiauthored compendia, the contents and quality vary somewhat. They have kept very much in mind Robert Joynt's admonition in his foreword to the first edition, "Physicians have now learned that old
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
Authors: Aaron B. Lerner, Joseph S. McGuire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

HYPERPIGMENTATION in patients with adrenocortical insufficiency or some kinds of pituitary tumors is produced by increased release from the pituitary gland of peptide hormones that cause melanocytes to darken.1 2 3 These peptides are the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (alpha and beta MSH) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH). The background of this subject is both interesting and confusing, and its historical development will be pursued before our present experiments are described.During the period 1916–1932 it was shown that the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of amphibians and mammals contains substances that darken the skin of frogs and tadpoles.4 5 6 Changes in color occur much more . . .
Further Evidence For Tick Bites As A Cause Of The IgE Responses To Alpha-gal That Underlie A Major Increased In Delayed Anaphylaxis To Meat
Authors: H.R. James, S.P. Commins, L.A. Kelly, S.L. Pochan, L.J. Workman, R.J. Mullins, T.A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Association of Genetic Variations With Nonfatal Venous Thrombosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Nicholas L. Smith, Lucia A. Hindorff, Susan R. Heckbert, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Kristin D. Marciante, Kenneth Rice, Thomas Lumley, Joshua C. Bis, Kerri L. Wiggins, Frits R. Rosendaal, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA (2007)

We examined the range and nature of investigators' communication and relationship building as they recruit minority participants in their research. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 33 investigators conducting research with human participants. The response rate was 77%. Investigators described several kinds of relationships that are formed or called upon when including minority participants in research. The relationships ranged from study-related, short-term interactions geared solely to facilitate recruitment to others that were longer term, extending beyond a particular project. The data suggest that a range of relationships is important as investigators seek to include minority populations in research. These relationships can both facilitate the recruitment process as well as aid in the interpretation of research findings.
Guidance does not require mandatory reporting of underage sex
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Health professionals will not have to report teenagers who are having underage sex to the police, says guidance for England on child protection published this week. The guidance advises that decisions on referral to child protection agencies should be considered on a case by case basis.

The guidance was developed by the UK Department for Education and Skills to update previous recommendations after a series of child abuse cases and changes in legislation and policy.

It included a review of the Bichard inquiry, carried out after the murder of two schoolgirls by Ian Huntley, a school caretaker with a history of sex with underage girls. The inquiry report recommended that police should be informed whenever someone aged under 16 was …