tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PREGNANCY OCCURRING SOON AFTER PREVIOUS LABOR
Authors: W. J. Le Rossignol
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A woman had been confined, Feb. 23, 1924, when a girl, said to be premature, was born. She remained in the hospital ten days. Oct. 14, 1924, another girl was born, whose weight was 4 pounds (1.8 kg.); length, 17½ inches (44 cm.), and occipitofrontal circumference, 12¼ inches (31 cm.). The baby was fed milk from another mother with a dropper, for a few days, then she began to nurse the breast, and was soon able to dispense with the aid of an extra bottle of her mother's milk. At 4 months of age, she weighed 8 pounds (3.6 kg.), and was beginning to make more rapid progress. She was kept in a home-made incubator for two months, with gradual diminution of the temperature. Gavage was not necessary. The husband acknowledged indulging in marital relations "a week or two" after the return of his wife from the hospital, and pleaded
Impaired degradation of leukotrienes in patients with peroxisome deficiency disorders.
Authors: E Mayatepek, W D Lehmann, J Fauler, D Tsikas, J C Frölich, R B Schutgens, R J Wanders, D Keppler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The degradation of leukotrienes by beta-oxidation from the omega-end proceeds in peroxisomes (Jedlitschky et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1991. 266:24763-24772). Peroxisomal degradation of leukotrienes was studied in humans by analyses of endogenous leukotrienes in urines from eight patients with biochemically established peroxisome deficiency disorder and eight age- and sex-matched healthy infant controls. Leukotriene metabolites were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, quantified by radioimmunoassays, and identified as well as quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and N-acetyl-LTE4 excretions, relative to creatinine, were increased > 10-fold in the patients in comparison to healthy infants. The beta-oxidation product omega-carboxy-tetranor-LTE3 averaged 0.05 mumol/mol creatinine in the controls but was not detectable in the patients. However, omega-carboxy-LTE4 (median 13.6 mumol/mol creatinine) was significantly increased in the patients' urine, whereas LTB4 (median 0.07 mumol/mol creatinine) and omega-carboxy-LTB4 were detected exclusively in the urines of the patients. These data indicate an impairment of the inactivation and degradation of both LTE4 and LTB4 in patients with peroxisomal deficiency. The increased levels of the biologically active, proinflammatory mediators LTE4 and LTB4 might be of pathophysiological significance in peroxisome deficiency disorders. This is the first and so far only condition with a pronounced urinary excretion of omega-carboxy-LTE4, omega-carboxy-LTB4, and LTB4. This impaired catabolism of leukotrienes and the altered pattern of metabolites may be of diagnostic value. These findings underline the essential role of peroxisomes in the catabolism of leukotrienes in humans.
Monitoring global health
Authors: Christopher Dye, Mario Raviglione
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Monitoring global health Problems are primarily nationalEditor-Murray et al urge for improved global reporting of health data. 1 They also highlight the difficulty of showing national decision makers that good health data can strongly support decision making.Why is this?A reason may be that data are always subject to interpretation.The article by Murray et al is a case in point.They want to establish "an independent monitoring organisation," arguing that the World Health Organization is not fit to undertake the job because of tension between advocacy, monitoring, and evaluation.But evidence that it is this tension that leads to poor monitoring by WHO is weak, at best.In reality, the problems of global health reporting are primarily national (and subnational).The fact that the sum of deaths claimed by different programmes is greater than the actual number of deaths reflects epidemiological methods and the current limitations in global health reporting, more than any WHO failure.The global burden of disease project was limited by these issues, but it was undertaken as effectively in WHO as in any other organisation.Not only are there problems in capacity, understanding the value of surveillance, and coverage of health services.The reporting of health events can be politically sensitive or even economically damaging.It is therefore likely that political interference will continue (whoever collects the data) until governments can be shown that honesty pays.It is perhaps this failure that needs to be dealt with rather than setting up yet another organisation without a proper analysis of the reasons (and locus) for failures in global health reporting.
Government to overhaul mental health services for ethnic minorities
Authors: D. Singh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The government has launched a major overhaul of mental health services for ethnic minorities with the publication of a consultation paper.

The three month consultation with voluntary groups, the health service, and local communities will be the first step in what may be the most radical attempt to address problems of inequality in the mental health service. Under the plans the government will set up at least 80 community based mental health projects across England. These projects will recruit a new workforce of 500 paid staff to work with …
Atlas of Total Body Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: Manuel L. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Etymologically, the term atlas as applied to a collection of illustrative plates was first used in 1875; however, the actual origin is probably derived from Gerard Mercator, who depicted the Greek Titan Atlas supporting the heavens on the frontispiece of his 1636 work<i>Atlas; or a Geographic Description of the World</i>.<sup>1</sup>Atlas also refers to one who bears a heavy burden. To illustrate and annotate an<i>Atlas of Total Body Radionuclide Imaging</i>is indeed a heavy burden, one that is undertaken very successfully by Dr Fordham and his colleagues from the Nuclear Medicine Section at the Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center. The atlas is divided into two volumes; the first is devoted completely to bone imaging, and the second includes sections on gallium imaging, bone marrow imaging, and organspecific agents and artifacts. The volume on bone covers the complete range of findings seen in bone scintigraphy and includes chapters on
ERASM, a pharmacoepidemiologic survey on management of intermittent allergic rhinitis in every day general medical practice in France
Authors: P. Demoly, F.‐A. Allaert, M. Lecasble
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: The actual management of intermittent allergic rhinitis is still little known about, despite the disease being very prevalent. We used a cross‐sectional survey to address this issue in everyday general medical practice in France. Methods: A total of 1321 general practitioners enrolled 3026 patients consulting for a spring exacerbation of allergic rhinitis. Both doctors and patients filled out a specific questionnaire on allergic rhinitis. Results: These patients consulted their doctor two‐and‐a‐half weeks, on average, after the onset of their symptoms. They were bothered for an average of six days per week (5.9 ± 1.7 days) and for two months per year (8.7 ± 7.7 weeks) by symptoms which largely exceed the ENT (ear, nose and throat) field, with ocular symptoms (51.7%), pharyngeal irritation (39.0%), cough (30.8%), or respiratory discomfort (17.9%). Of these patients 79.2% had some impairment of their professional life and 91.8% of their daily life. Fifty percent of patients knew to what allergens they were allergic; only 11.1% had additional laboratory tests and 10.3% had subsequent specialist consultation (for most this was with an allergologist). Prescribed drugs were oral antihistamines (92.4%) and nasal glucocorticosteroids (45.2%). Prescriptions were written for a duration of six weeks on average. Seventy‐nine percent of patients considered that the information they had received was adequate and easy to understand, but 58.2% of patients would have liked more advice. Furthermore, only 54.7% followed their doctor's prescription scrupulously, and 44% used frequent self‐medication. Conclusions: Intermittent allergic rhinitis is a real health problem because of its increasing prevalence, the induction of impaired quality of life and loss of performance, especially at work. General practitioners play a major role in this disorder; they make the diagnosis, start the treatment, give the relevant information, and monitor most of the patients.
Lactate dehydrogenase should be used as marker in testicular tumours
Authors: O. Hughes, M. Bishop
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—We wish to emphasise the importance of tumour markers in the management of testicular tumours and not merely in “deciding the course of the disease.”1 β Human chorionic gonadotrophin and (alpha) fetoprotein concentrations are of proved value in diagnosis, staging, the prediction of tumour behaviour, and the monitoring of …
Differences and Differentials
Authors: N. G. C. Hendry
Journal: BMJ (1964)

after pyloroplasty.This is one of several reasons why gastro-enterostomy should be avoided.In cases of severe dumping the gastro-enterostomy is probably best taken down and replaced by pyloroplasty.May I, too, comment on gastrostomy after vagotomy and pyloroplasty-referred to by Professor A. W. Kay (28 March, p. 822) ?Hendry taught me to use neither naso-gastric intubation nor gastrostomy after this opera- tion, nor to use a naso-gastric tube before operation.In over 200 cases I can confirm his teaching.There is no need whatever for any form of gastric suction after vagotomy and pyloroplasty.Fluids by mouth in the immediate post-operative period need not be severely restricted.With "tubeless " vag- otomy fluids and electrolytes are not with- drawn and do not, therefore, need to be replaced.Post-operative intravenous fluids, or even rectal fluids, are not routinely neces- sary, though in hot weather we give saline in the theatre to combat fluid loss there and to allay post-operative thirst.-Iam, etc.,
Comprehensive Peroxidase-Based Hematologic Profiling for the Prediction of 1-Year Myocardial Infarction and Death
Authors: Marie-Luise Brennan, Anupama Reddy, W. H. Wilson Tang, Yuping Wu, Danielle M. Brennan, Amy Hsu, Shirley A. Mann, Peter L. Hammer, Stanley L. Hazen
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Recognition of biological patterns holds promise for improved identification of patients at risk for myocardial infarction (MI) and death. We hypothesized that identifying high- and low-risk patterns from a broad spectrum of hematologic phenotypic data related to leukocyte peroxidase-, erythrocyte- and platelet-related parameters may better predict future cardiovascular risk in stable cardiac patients than traditional risk factors alone.
Mirrors and radical behaviorism: Reflections on C. M. Heyes
Authors: Gordon G. Gallup
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Heyes's attempt to reinterpret research on primate cognition from the standpoint of radical behaviorism is strong on dialogue and debate but weak on evidence. Recent evidence concerning self-recognition, for example, shows that her arguments about differential recovery from anesthetization and species differences in face touching as alternative accounts of the behavior of primates in the presence of mirrors) are invalid.
Mutations in MYH7 reduce the force generating capacity of sarcomeres in human familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: E. Rosalie Witjas-Paalberends, Nicoletta Piroddi, Kelly Stam, Sabine J. van Dijk, Vasco Sequeira Oliviera, Claudia Ferrara, Beatrice Scellini, Mark Hazebroek, Folkert J. ten Cate, Marjon van Slegtenhorst, Cris dos Remedios, Hans W.M Niessen, Chiara Tesi, Ger J.M. Stienen, Stephane Heymans, Michelle Michels, Corrado Poggesi, Jolanda van der Velden
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), frequently caused by sarcomeric gene mutations, is characterized by cellular dysfunction and asymmetric left-ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. We studied whether cellular dysfunction is due to an intrinsic sarcomere defect or cardiomyocyte remodelling.Cardiac samples from 43 sarcomere mutation-positive patients (HCMmut: mutations in thick (MYBPC3, MYH7) and thin (TPM1, TNNI3, TNNT2) myofilament genes) were compared with 14 sarcomere mutation-negative patients (HCMsmn), eight patients with secondary LV hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis (LVHao) and 13 donors. Force measurements in single membrane-permeabilized cardiomyocytes revealed significantly lower maximal force generating capacity (Fmax) in HCMmut (21 ± 1 kN/m²) and HCMsmn (26 ± 3 kN/m²) compared with donor (36 ± 2 kN/m²). Cardiomyocyte remodelling was more severe in HCMmut compared with HCMsmn based on significantly lower myofibril density (49 ± 2 vs. 63 ± 5%) and significantly higher cardiomyocyte area (915 ± 15 vs. 612 ± 11 μm²). Low Fmax in MYBPC3mut, TNNI3mut, HCMsmn, and LVHao was normalized to donor values after correction for myofibril density. However, Fmax was significantly lower in MYH7mut, TPM1mut, and TNNT2mut even after correction for myofibril density. In accordance, measurements in single myofibrils showed very low Fmax in MYH7mut, TPM1mut, and TNNT2mut compared with donor (respectively, 73 ± 3, 70 ± 7, 83 ± 6, and 113 ± 5 kN/m²). In addition, force was lower in MYH7mut cardiomyocytes compared with MYBPC3mut, HCMsmn, and donor at submaximal [Ca²⁺].Low cardiomyocyte Fmax in HCM patients is largely explained by hypertrophy and reduced myofibril density. MYH7 mutations reduce force generating capacity of sarcomeres at maximal and submaximal [Ca²⁺]. These hypocontractile sarcomeres may represent the primary abnormality in patients with MYH7 mutations.
Abstract 1028: Role of Hsp90 in the stability of EGFR from radiation and cisplatin-induced degradation.
Authors: Ameer L. Elaimy, Aarif Ahsan, Dipankar Ray, Theodore S. Lawrence, Mukesh K. Nyati
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an evolutionary conserved eukaryotic molecular chaperone that has a large number of clients including signaling molecules such as EGFR. Induction of Hsp90 upon cellular stress induced by radiation or chemotherapy can enhance stabilization of its clients which may lead to resistance to therapy and can often provide an environment for metastasis. Therefore, targeting Hsp90 has been shown to be a potential therapeutic approach to induce EGFR degradation and block metastatic spread. The aim of this study is to further understand the mechanism of Hsp90 induction and its post-translational modifications within cancer cells as well as its microenvironment and their significance in EGFR protein stability. We hypothesized that activation of Hsp90 upon cellular stress induced by radiation and chemotherapy provides stability to EGFR not only in cancer cells, but also in tumor-associated endothelial cells, which allows cancer cell survival and metastatic spread by increasing EGFR (and other clients) stability. Our preliminary data indicate that an enhancement in EGFR protein interaction with Hsp90 in both endothelial cells and head and neck cancer cell lines correlate with cell survival upon radiation or cisplatin treatment. Cisplatin treatment also caused an increase in Hsp90 activation as reflected by an increase in ATP binding activity. Increase in EGFR phosphorylation led to a decrease in its interaction with Hsp90. We also found that inhibition of Hsp90 activity reduced this interaction, which decreased EGFR half-life and promoted cell-death in cancer and endothelial cells. We are now extending our research efforts to understand the effects of radiation and cisplatin on the post-translational modifications of Hsp90 such as phosphorylation and its potential role in binding with EGFR. The long-term goal of this study is to develop a specific protein-protein interaction antagonist (PPI) to induce selective EGFR degradation and block the survival and metastatic spread regulated by EGFR. Citation Format: Ameer L. Elaimy, Aarif Ahsan, Dipankar Ray, Theodore S. Lawrence, Mukesh K. Nyati. Role of Hsp90 in the stability of EGFR from radiation and cisplatin-induced degradation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1028. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1028
Cardiac and skeletal muscle energy metabolism in heart failure: beneficial effects of voluntary activity
Authors: E DESOUSA, P LECHENE, D FORTIN, B NGUESSAN, S BELMADANI, X BIGARD, V VEKSLER, R VENTURACLAPIER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Mitochondrial function and metabolic profile of slow and fast skeletal muscles and cardiac muscle are altered in chronic heart failure (CHF), suggesting a generalized metabolic myopathy in this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential beneficial effects of voluntary activity on cardiac and skeletal muscle energetics in heart failure.Heart failure was induced in rats by aortic stenosis. Four months after surgery, part of sham and CHF animals were randomly assigned to activity cages equipped with running wheels for 8 weeks or kept sedentary. Mitochondrial capacity and regulation were measured using saponin skinned fibers in left ventricle, slow and fast skeletal muscles, and metabolic and myosin profiles were established.Despite four times lower performances of CHF rats, alterations in metabolic and myosin parameters (oxidative capacity, mitochondrial enzymes, cytosolic and mitochondrial creatine kinase, myosin heavy chains) observed in all muscles of CHF animals were almost fully restored in soleus muscle though unchanged in heart and fast skeletal muscles.These results show the powerful beneficial effect of physical activity specifically on active slow oxidative skeletal muscle in CHF, without the worsening of cardiac muscle metabolism.
Molecular Imaging of the Efficacy of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors in Living Subjects
Authors: Carmel T. Chan, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Olivier S. Gheysens, Joungnam Kim, Gabriela Chiosis, Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α)/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions are crucial for proper folding of proteins involved in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Small molecule Hsp90 inhibitors block Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions in part by preventing ATP binding to Hsp90. The importance of isoform-selective Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions in determining the sensitivity to Hsp90 was examined using 293T human kidney cancer cells stably expressing split Renilla luciferase (RL) reporters. Interactions between Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 in the split RL reporters led to complementation of RL activity, which was determined by bioluminescence imaging of intact cells in cell culture and living mice using a cooled charge-coupled device camera. The three geldanamycin-based and seven purine-scaffold Hsp90 inhibitors led to different levels of inhibition of complemented RL activities (10–70%). However, there was no isoform selectivity to both classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in cell culture conditions. The most potent Hsp90 inhibitor, PU-H71, however, led to a 60% and 30% decrease in RL activity (14 hr) in 293T xenografts expressing Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 split reporters respectively, relative to carrier control–treated mice. Molecular imaging of isoform-specific Hsp90α/p23 and Hsp90β/p23 interactions and efficacy of different classes of Hsp90 inhibitors in living subjects have been achieved with a novel genetically encoded reporter gene strategy that should help in accelerating development of potent and isoform-selective Hsp90 inhibitors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):216–26]
Positive Correlations of Oct-4 and Nanog in Oral Cancer Stem-Like Cells and High-Grade Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shih-Hwa Chiou, Cheng-Chia Yu, Chi-Yang Huang, Shu-Chun Lin, Chung-Ji Liu, Tung-Hu Tsai, Shiu-Huey Chou, Chian-Shiu Chien, Hung-Hai Ku, Jeng-Fan Lo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), like many solid tumors, contains a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. Recent data suggest that a rare subpopulation of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC), is capable of initiating, maintaining, and expanding the growth of tumor. Identification and characterization of CSC from OSCC facilitates the monitoring, therapy, or prevention of OSCC. Experimental Design: We enriched oral cancer stem-like cells (OC-SLC) through sphere formation by cultivating OSCC cells from established OSCC cell lines or primary cultures of OSCC patients within defined serum-free medium. Differential expression profile of stemness genes between enriched OC-SLC and parental OSCC was elucidated. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining of stemness markers on OSCC patient tissues was examined to evaluate the association between stemness genes and prognosis of OSCC. Results: Enriched OC-SLC highly expressed the stem/progenitor cell markers and ABC transporter gene (Oct-4, Nanog, CD117, Nestin, CD133, and ABCG2) and also displayed induced differentiation abilities and enhanced migration/invasion/malignancy capabilities in vitro and in vivo. Elevated expression of CD133 was shown in the enriched OC-SLC from OSCC patients' tumors. Positive correlations of Oct-4, Nanog, or CD133 expression on tumor stage were shown on 52 OSCC patient tissues. Kaplan-Meier analyses exhibited that Nanog/Oct-4/CD133 triple-positive patients predicted the worst survival prognosis of OSCC patients. Conclusion: We enriched a subpopulation of cancer stem-like cell from OSCC by sphere formation. The enriched OC-SLC possesses the characteristics of both stem cells and malignant tumors. Additionally, expression of stemness markers (Nanog/Oct-4/CD133) contradicts the survival prognosis of OSCC patients.
Combining biologics with methotrexate in psoriasis: a systematic review
Authors: J.S. van Bezooijen, E.P. Prens, M.S. Pradeepti, R. Atiqi, M.W.J. Schreurs, B.C.P. Koch, T. van Gelder, M.B.A. van Doorn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Combining biologics with methotrexate in psoriasis: a systematic review Get access J.S. van Bezooijen, J.S. van Bezooijen Department of Hospital Pharmacy Erasmus MC Rotterdam the NetherlandsDepartment of Dermatology Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.P. Prens, E.P. Prens Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.S. Pradeepti, M.S. Pradeepti Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Atiqi, R. Atiqi Department of Immunology Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W.J. Schreurs, M.W.J. Schreurs Department of Hospital Pharmacy Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.C.P. Koch, B.C.P. Koch Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. van Gelder, T. van Gelder Department of Hospital Pharmacy Erasmus MC Rotterdam the NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.B.A. van Doorn M.B.A. van Doorn Department of Dermatology Erasmus MC Rotterdam the Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 1676–1680, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13573 Published: 01 June 2015
Vehicle-controlled, double-blind, randomized study of imiquimod 5% cream applied 3 days per week in one or two courses of treatment for actinic keratoses on the head
Authors: Joseph Jorizzo, Scott Dinehart, Robert Matheson, Jeffrey K. Moore, Mark Ling, Terry L. Fox, Scott McRae, Sandra Fielder, James H. Lee
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)