tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AUTOANTIBODIES TO COLON IN GERMFREE RATS MONOCONTAMINATED WITH CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
Authors: Sten Hammarström, Peter Perlmann, Bengt E. Gustafsson, Rutger Lagercrantz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Germfree rats monocontaminated with the anaerobic microorganisms Clostridium difficile or another Clostridium species (strain G 62) produce auto-antibodies to colon antigen. The antigen can be extracted with phenol water from the feces of germfree rats. Antibodies, demonstrable by means of passive hemagglutination of antigen sensitized sheep erythrocytes appear after monocontamination for 35 days or longer. The indirect immunofluorescence techniques, applied to sections of germfree rat colon, gave positive mucosal staining. The staining was similar to that obtained with sera from patients with ulcerative colitis or from rats immunized with rabbit colon. No antibodies were found in the sera of germfree rats, germfree rats monocontaminated with various other bacteria, conventional rats of germfree origin, or conventional Sprague-Dawley rats. Although the anti-colon antibodies of the Clostridium infected rats reacted with the same feces extract as the antibodies of ulcerative colitis patients or of rabbit colon immunized rats, their specificity was different. While the latter cross-react with polysaccharide from E. coli O14, those from the Clostridium-infected exgermfree rats did not. Rats monocontaminated with Cl. difficile also developed antibodies to this organism, but no cross-reaction between Cl. difficile antigen and colon antigen could be demonstrated. This speaks against breakage of tolerance by cross-reacting bacterial antigen as the cause of autoimmunity in these rats. Other possible mechanisms for autoantibody production in this model are immunogenic alteration of gastrointestinal mucins by bacterial degradation, adjuvant effects of bacterial products, or both.
Relationship of Hearing Impairment to Dementia and Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults
Authors: Richard F. Uhlmann
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We conducted a case-control study in 100 cases who had Alzheimer's-type dementia and 100 age-, sex-, and education-matched, nondemented controls to evaluate the hypothesis that hearing impairment contributes to cognitive dysfunction in older adults. The prevalence of a hearing loss of 30 dB or greater was significantly higher in cases than in controls (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 3.4), even when adjusted for potentially confounding variables. In addition, we observed a dose-response relationship in which greater hearing loss was associated with a higher adjusted relative odds of having dementia. Hearing loss was also significantly and independently correlated with the severity of cognitive dysfunction, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination, in nondemented as well as demented patients. These results demonstrate an association between hearing impairment and dementia and lend support to the hypothesis that hearing impairment contributes to cognitive dysfunction in older adults.
Coordinates in the Universe of Node-Negative Breast Cancer Revisited
Authors: Marcus Schmidt, Jan G. Hengstler, Christian von Törne, Heinz Koelbl, Mathias C. Gehrmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

We present a global picture of the natural history of node-negative breast cancer in which two of three important biological processes have outstanding prognostic consequences. We propose that the transition from slow to fast proliferation of the tumor leads to the most dramatic aggravation of prognosis. Second, immune cell infiltration is of major importance to prevent disease progression in fast-proliferating breast carcinomas, regardless of estrogen receptor status. In the absence of endocrine treatment, steroid hormone receptor expression as a third axis is of limited prognostic importance. Dissecting tumors according to these three major biological axes will allow further understanding of biological processes relevant for tumor progression in patients with node-negative breast cancer.
Cryoglobulinemia is associated with steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: David Saadoun, Tarik Asselah, Mathieu Resche‐Rigon, Frédéric Charlotte, Pierre Bedossa, Dominique Valla, Jean‐Charles Piette, Patrick Marcellin, Patrice Cacoub
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The relationship between cryoglobulin and severity of liver lesions is debated. No study has focused on the relationship between cryoglobulin, liver steatosis, and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cryoglobulins and liver lesions (necroinflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Four hundred and thirty-seven consecutive patients with untreated chronic hepatitis C who had been admitted for liver biopsy were included in the study. Risk factors for fibrosis and steatosis were assessed. The mean age was 50.9 +/- 13.8 years, and 49% were male. Cryoglobulin was present in 286 patients, 103 of whom had vasculitis. One hundred and eighty-six patients (43%) had steatosis greater than 10%, and 110 (25%) had advanced fibrosis (Metavir score F3-F4). On multivariate analysis, cryoglobulin increased by nearly threefold the risk of having advanced fibrosis and steatosis greater than 10%. Steatosis greater than 10% was associated with a higher body mass index (P < .001), HCV genotype 3 (P < .001), cryoglobulin (P = .002), and advanced liver fibrosis (P = .009). Advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) was associated with a higher level of gamma-glutamyltransferase (P = .04), cryoglobulin (P < .001), a high grade of necroinflammation (Metavir score A2-A3) (P < .001), and steatosis higher than 10% (P = .04). In conclusion, our study shows an independent association between cryoglobulin and steatosis as well as advanced fibrosis.
Detecting Obstructive Coronary Disease With CT Angiography and Noninvasive Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Manesh R. Patel
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eosinophil‐derived cytokines in health and disease: unraveling novel mechanisms of selective secretion
Authors: R. C. N. Melo, L. Liu, J. J. Xenakis, L. A. Spencer
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Over the past two decades, our understanding of eosinophils has evolved from that of categorically destructive effector cells to include active participation in immune modulation, tissue repair processes, and normal organ development, in both health and disease. At the core of their newly appreciated functions is the capacity of eosinophils to synthesize, store within intracellular granules, and very rapidly secrete a highly diverse repertoire of cytokines. Mechanisms governing the selective secretion of preformed cytokines from eosinophils are attractive therapeutic targets and may well be more broadly applicable to other immune cells. Here, we discuss recent advances in deciphering pathways of cytokine secretion, both from intact eosinophils and from tissue‐deposited cell‐free eosinophil granules, extruded from eosinophils undergoing a lytic cell death.
IHI Open School's quality improvement initiative
Authors: H. O. Ward, A. Jones, A. Carson-Stevens
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Francis report reflects the need for students, like all members of the healthcare team, “to make the protection of patients their priority.”1 2 Since 2008, when the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Open School opened its virtual doors, more than 150 000 students and faculty across the world have accepted this call.3 The school provides online courses in quality improvement, …
Substances Released from the Skin Following Thermal Injury. I. Histamine and Proteins 1
Authors: Sol Roy Rosenthal, Charles Samet, Richard J. Winzler, Selwyn Shkolnik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

The nature of the substances released from the skin following burning is not known. The majority of the studies concerned with this problem have involved analyses of blood or the lymph draining the burned part, and have been complicated by the complex composition of the blood and lymph and the complex interrelation between different tissues. The present studies represent an attempt to simplify the problem by employing excised skin and collecting the materials diffusing into a saline solution following exposure to hot water.
Using the technology of the world wide web to manage clinical information
Authors: H. S F Fraser, I. S Kohane, W. J Long
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Practising medicine increasingly requires managing information, particularly in hospital settings.A glance at a typical physician's pile of laboratory results, request forms, reports, and pending discharge summaries is sufficient reminder of this.In the past hard work and good organisation could usually deal with this paper trail, but there is now increasing evidence that important information is lost or misinterpreted even in the best hospitals. 1In addition, the rapid growth in medical knowledge, particularly the biomedical literature, is further taxing our ability to provide optimum care. 2 However, we are starting to see real clinical benefits from computerisation of clinical data. 3 4 Early clinical computing systems were plagued by incompatible standards and lack of potential for growth.A few comprehensive systems were built in specific hospitals but have proved difficult to transport to other settings.Many commercial systems have been used, but they rarely offer the ability to connect to competing systems, often making it difficult even to access basic laboratory data on the wards.With the development of the internet and world wide web, however, it is becoming possible to create comprehensive information systems that are easy to learn and use and relatively quick to develop.In this article we focus on examples of hospital information systems, but, as communication security improves, many of these approaches should apply equally well in general practice.
One in five complaints against GPs relate to removal from lists
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than one in five complaints to the parliamentary and health service ombudsman Ann Abraham in England last year related to the removal of patients from GP lists. Many of the people complaining said that they had not had a warning of removal or been given the opportunity to put their side of the story.

The figures from the ombudsman published last week show that less than half the complaints made against GPs in 2005-6 were upheld …
"No star" NHS trust slated by CHI report
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A trust which was given a “no star” rating for its performance by the Department of Health in September has come under attack again—this time from the Commission for Health Improvement.

A commission report, published this week, criticises the Brighton Health Care NHS Trust for the long waits in accident and emergency, the poor environment for women in the breast screening clinic, and its system for admitting patients for elective surgery.

Occupancy rates are so high that patients have to phone the hospital in the afternoon on the day of admission to see if a bed is available for them that night, it says. Sometimes they have to wait until …
V. Social Determinants of Medical Knowledge
Authors: René Dubos
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Exactly 100 years ago, in the fall of 1865, Claude Bernard published his<i>Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine</i>, now regarded as one of the medical classics. Despite its austere language, the<i>Introduction</i>immediately achieved popularity with the educated public. The intellectual atmosphere was favorable for Claude Bernard's thesis because of the general awareness that the time had come to convert medicine from an empirical art into a scientific discipline. Claude Bernard would probably regard the event we are celebrating as the most suitable form of commemoration for the centenary of his book. However, it is for another reason that I have mentioned him. My purpose is to illustrate that social forces exert a profound influence on the success of scientific philosophies and medical institutions. Medicine became scientific through anatomical, physiological, and biochemical studies. Yet, the first large research institutes were not organized around these sciences; they were devoted
Comparison of soybean epidemic asthma and occupational asthma.
Authors: J. M. Anto, J. Sunyer, A. J. Newman Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1996)

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described for detection of IgA antibodies to mumps virus. Specific mumps IgA antibodies could be demonstrated in 10 patients with mumps virus infections. No specific mumps IgA antibodies (titres &lt;1/40) were detected by ELISA in 46 control sera (healthy adults; hospitalised patients with various other diseases). The potential application of the ELISA mumps IgA technique in serodiagnosis of mumps infections is discussed.
670 ANALYSIS OF INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTORS AND THEIR RECEPTORS IN HCV-INDUCED CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: J.T. Stefano, I.V.A. Pereira, G. Fatobene, D. Giannella-Neto, F.J. Carrilho, M.L. Correa-Giannella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Up-to-Date Long-Term Survival Curves of Patients With Cancer by Period Analysis
Authors: Hermann Brenner, Timo Hakulinen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Provision of up-to-date long-term survival curves is an important task of cancer registries. Traditionally, survival curves have been derived for cohorts of patients diagnosed many years ago. Using data of the Finnish Cancer Registry, we provide an empirical assessment of the use of a new method of survival anlysis, denoted period analysis, for deriving more up-to-date survival curves. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We calculated 10-year relative survival curves actually observed for patients diagnosed with one of the 15 most common forms of cancer in 1983 to 1987, and we compared them with the most up-to-date 10-year relative survival curves that might have been obtained in 1983 to 1987 using either traditional (cohort-wise) or period analysis. We also give the most recent 10-year survival curves obtained by period analysis for the 1993 to 1997 period. RESULTS: For all forms of cancer, period analysis of the 1983 to 1987 data yielded survival curves that were very close to the survival curves later observed for patients who were newly diagnosed in that period (median and maximum difference of 10-year relative survival estimates: 0.9 and 5.7 percent units, respectively). By contrast, the survival curves obtained by traditional (cohort-wise) survival analysis in 1983 to 1987 would have been much lower for most forms of cancer (median and maximum difference: 5.8 and 18.4 percent units, respectively). The 10-year survival curves for the 1993 to 1997 period are substantially more favorable than previously available, traditionally derived survival curves for most forms of cancer. CONCLUSION: Period analysis is a useful tool for deriving up-to-date long-term survival curves of patients with cancer.
Abnormal responses of myeloid progenitor cells to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human cyclic neutropenia.
Authors: D G Wright, V F LaRussa, A J Salvado, R D Knight
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) from four patients with childhood onset cyclic neutropenia demonstrated abnormal in vitro proliferative responses to purified, recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) when examined in detailed dose-response studies. Marrow aspirate specimens were obtained for these studies from cyclic neutropenia patients (both during neutropenic nadirs and during recovery phases of cycles), from leukemia patients in remission who had received myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and from healthy normal volunteers. Nucleated marrow cells were then isolated by density-gradient centrifugation and cryopreserved to permit studies of CFU-GM from patients and controls to be carried out at the same time and in replicate. Maximum clonal growth of CFU-GM from normal subjects and from individuals recovering from drug-induced myelosuppression was elicited by 20-100 pmol/liter rhGM-CSF, and the CSF concentrations that induced half-maximal responses (ED50) were between 1.0 and 3.0 pmol/liter. In contrast, maximum growth of CFU-GM from the cyclic neutropenia patients required greater than or equal to 1.0 nmol/liter rhGM-CSF and ED50's were greater than 30.0 pmol/liter. These abnormalities in the GM-CSF responsive growth of myeloid progenitors were independent of cycle time and were most apparent with the predominantly neutrophilic 7-d CFU-GM. Moreover, differences in the growth of 14-d CFU-GM could be attributed mostly if not entirely to differences in the generation of neutrophilic colonies. These findings indicate that childhood onset cyclic neutropenia is associated with an underlying disturbance in the GM-CSF responsive growth of myeloid progenitors committed to neutrophilic differentiation.
Effect of Nitroprusside on Left Ventricular Dynamics in Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: DANIEL J. GOODMAN, RONALD M. ROSSEN, EARL L. HOLLOWAY, EDWIN L. ALDERMAN, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

In order to evaluate the circulatory action of vasodilator therapy in patients with significant mitral regurgitation, sodium nitroprusside was infused intravenously in 14 patients who had mitral regurgitation due to a variety of causes. In 13 of these patients, valvular insufficiency had been present for several years. The mean arterial pressure fall from 88 ± 1.2 to 71 ± 2.1 mm Hg was accompanied by a significant decrease in pulmonary artery pressure (from 27.4 ± 2.7 to 19.1 ± 2.4 mm Hg), pulmonary artery wedge v wave (from 31.7 ± 3.3 to 17.0 ± 1.9 mm Hg), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (from 16.7 ± 1.6 to 9.3 ± 1.2 mm Hg). In 10 patients significant decreases in angiographic end-diastolic volumes (from 196 ± 10 to 177 ± 10 ml) and end-systolic volumes (from 90 ± 10 to 77 ± 9 ml) were accompanied by slight decreases in the total stroke volume and slight increases in the ejection fraction. The improved forward stroke volume index (from 27 ± 3.0 to 33 ± 2.1 ml) was due to a very significant reduction in the regurgitant fraction (from 57 ± 6 to 42 ± 6%). Nitroprusside, therefore, has beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic mitral regurgitation.
HRT may increase risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Treatment for postmenopausal symptoms with oestrogen plus progestogen therapy may increase a woman's risk of ovarian cancer and may also increase the number of endometrial biopsies that women need before cancer can be diagnosed.

Dr Garnet Anderson from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and colleagues used data from the recently completed women's health initiative (WHI) trial to determine whether hormone replacement was associated with gynaecological cancers or the frequency of diagnostic procedures being performed to rule out cancer ( JAMA 2003; …
HBV DNA and RNA sequences in HBsAg negative primary liver cancer. Detection by Polymerase chain reaction and relation to hepatitis C virus status
Authors: P. Paterlini, G. Gerken, W. Grigioni, E. Nakagima, S. Terré, P. Berthelot, D. Franco, H. Kew, E. Pisi, C. Bréchot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Crucial role of SLP-76 and ADAP for neutrophil recruitment in mouse kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Helena Block, Jan M. Herter, Jan Rossaint, Anika Stadtmann, Stefanie Kliche, Clifford A. Lowell, Alexander Zarbock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

Neutrophils trigger inflammation-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), a frequent and potentially lethal occurrence in humans. Molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation have proved elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that SLP-76 (SH2 domain–containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kD) and ADAP (adhesion and degranulation promoting adaptor protein) are involved in E-selectin–mediated integrin activation and slow leukocyte rolling, which promotes ischemia-reperfusion–induced AKI in mice. By using genetically engineered mice and transduced Slp76−/− primary leukocytes, we demonstrate that ADAP as well as two N-terminal–located tyrosines and the SH2 domain of SLP-76 are required for downstream signaling and slow leukocyte rolling. The Tec family kinase Bruton tyrosine kinase is downstream of SLP-76 and, together with ADAP, regulates PI3Kγ (phosphoinositide 3-kinase–γ)- and PLCγ2 (phospholipase Cγ2)-dependent pathways. Blocking both pathways completely abolishes integrin affinity and avidity regulation. Thus, SLP-76 and ADAP are involved in E-selectin–mediated integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment to inflamed kidneys, which may underlie the development of life-threatening ischemia-reperfusion–induced AKI in humans.
Abstract 3544: Assessment of chemo-response in cells derived from patients with malignant ascites
Authors: Abraham Peedicayil, Ramandeep Rattan, Xiaoping He, Kimberly R. Kalli, William A. Cliby, Jeremy Chien, Vijayalakshmi Shridhar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objectives. To assess chemo-response of patient derived ovarian cancer cells to first line chemotherapeutic agents as well as targeted therapies. Methods. Ascites was obtained at laparotomy from 14 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Short term cultures were established in 11 of these and the cells characterized by morphology and immuno-staining to cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and E-cadherin. MTT assays were done on the 11 samples after 48 hours of exposure to Cisplatin, Paclitaxel, Vandetanib and Flavopiridol. Results. Three samples did not grow well and ultimately showed senescence or were over-run by fibroblasts. In the remaining 11 samples, morphology showed the cells to be arranged in a cobble-stone or rosette pattern. Most of the cells stained positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and E-cadherin. The majority of samples (8/11, 73%) were sensitive to either Cisplatin or Paclitaxel. Of the three resistant samples, one was sensitive to Vandetanib, one to Flavopiridol and one was resistant to all four drugs. Two patients did not receive chemotherapy due to morbidity or mortality. Among those who were treated, 4 (50%) had complete response and are currently free of disease. Conclusions. Short term cultures may be a good method of studying chemo-response of tumor cells ex-vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3544.