tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1313: Is serum free RNA available as a predictive biomarker for the response to chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Choonhee Son, Mee-Sook Roh, Soo-Jung Um, Kyu Sik Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: It is well-known that cell-free nucleic acids rise in patients with many types of malignancies. Several recent studies have suggested that circulating, cell-free RNA (cRNA) correlates with tumor burden. Furthermore, experimental studies using cancer cell lines have shown that changes in cRNA are predictive of the response to chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine whether cRNA can be used as a biomarker for clinical responses to chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Methods: Thirty-two patients with lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, n=24; small cell lung cancer, n=8) were divided into 2 groups according to the responses of chemotherapy (response group, n=19; non-response group, n=13). Blood samples were collected before and after two cycles of chemotherapy. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used for transcript quantification of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. Results: The pre- (Response group: 41.36 ± 1.72 vs. Non-response group: 41.33 ± 1.54, p=0.78) and post- (Response group: 39.92 ± 1.81 vs. Non-response group: 40.41 ± 1.47, p=0.40) chemotherapy cRNA concentration, expressed as the Ct GAPDH level, was not different between the two groups. There was no significant relationship between the change of the cRNA level and clinical response after chemotherapy (p=0.43). Conclusion: We could not find a correlation between serum cRNA level and clinical responses to chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. More further investigations are needed to prove cRNA level as a useful predictor of chemotherapy responses in patients with lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1313. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1313
A CASE OF OKF (CONTAGIOUS PUSTULAR DERMATITIS): IDENTIFICATION OF THE VIRUS.*
Authors: F. BLAKEMORE, MOHAMMAD ABDUSSALAM, W. N. GOLDSMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1948)

Journal Article A CASE OF OKF (CONTAGIOUS PUSTULAR DERMATITIS): IDENTIFICATION OF THE VIRUS. Get access F. BLAKEMORE, M.R.C.V.S., D.V.S.M., F. BLAKEMORE, M.R.C.V.S., D.V.S.M. Senior Veterinary Investigation Officer, Institute of Animal Pathology, Cambridge, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MOHAMMAD ABDUSSALAM, L.V.P.Punjab, I.V.R.A.Mukteswar, MOHAMMAD ABDUSSALAM, L.V.P.Punjab, I.V.R.A.Mukteswar Research Student, Veterinary Investigation Centre, Institute of Animal Pathology, Cambridge, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. N. GOLDSMITH, M.D.Cantab., F.R.C.P.Lond. W. N. GOLDSMITH, M.D.Cantab., F.R.C.P.Lond. Physician in charge, Skin Department, University College Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 60, Issue 12, 1 December 1948, Pages 404–409, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1948.tb10972.x Published: 01 December 1948
Hemodynamic and neural mechanisms of action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat.
Authors: A L Sirén, C R Lake, G Feuerstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The mechanisms mediating the effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the cardiovascular system were studied in the conscious rat. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of TRH (8 pmol-80 nmol/kg) induced dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index. Hindquarter blood flow increased due to vasodilation, while an increase in renal and mesenteric vascular resistance caused a decrease in blood flow in the respective organs. The plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine were increased by TRH, while there was no change in plasma renin activity or vasopressin. The cardiovascular actions of i.c.v. TRH were not influenced by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or vasopressin receptors. The ganglion blocker chlorisondamine and the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist phentolamine (2 mg/kg i.v.) abolished the increase in blood pressure and mesenteric vasoconstriction after i.c.v. TRH. Propranolol (2 mg/kg i.v.) blocked the TRH-induced increase in cardiac index, heart rate, and hindquarter blood flow. The hindquarter vasodilation induced by TRH was also blocked by the selective beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 188,551 (1 or 2 mg/kg i.v.), while the beta 1-adrenoceptor blocker practolol (10 mg/kg i.v.) had no effect on the hindquarter vasodilation produced by TRH but totally blocked the increase in cardiac index. In adrenal demedullated rats, the systemic hemodynamic effects of i.c.v. TRH were diminished along with the decrease in renal blood flow and increase in renal vascular resistance; however, the increase in hindquarter blood flow was attenuated only in adrenal demedullated rats pretreated with the sympathetic blocker bretylium. The renal vasoconstriction induced by i.c.v. TRH was not abolished by renal denervation. In sinoaortic debuffered rats, the pressor, tachycardic, and mesenteric vasoconstrictor responses to centrally administered TRH were significantly potentiated. Taken together, these data suggest that the putative neurotransmitter TRH may play a role in central regulation of cardiac functions and organ blood flow distribution through both the sympathetic nerves and the adrenal medulla. A pivotal role for beta 2-adrenoceptors in mediation of hindquarter vasodilation is also demonstrated.
Brain Surgery in Aggressive Epileptics
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A little over two years ago, Frank Ervin, a psychiatrist, and one of us (V.H.M.), a neurosurgeon, wrote a book called<i>Violence and the Brain</i>,<sup>1</sup>detailing the application of the techniques of neurosurgery to problems of violent behavior. (This book focused on the role and relation of brain abnormalities to abnormal behavior. Surgical examples were part of the exposition.) The public response to that book underscores with great vividness the fact that the medical issues of neurosurgery are no more interesting or vital than the issues of neurosurgery's social role.<sup>2-8</sup>We would like to offer some reflections about those social issues. The most important problem, from the standpoint of the sciences of human behavior, is an unfortunate dichotomy in basic approaches to behavior. Certain kinds of behavior, for instance, paralysis, blindness, and dementia, were put into the province of organic neurology. Physicians working in this field have been
MEK Inhibitor–Induced Dusky Erythema
Authors: Urvi Patel, Lynn Cornelius, Milan J. Anadkat
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

MEK inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials for treatment of different malignant neoplasms; trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for melanoma in 2013. We present 3 cases of patients receiving MEK inhibitors who developed an atypical eruption.Three patients who were receiving different MEK inhibitors (selumetinib, cobimetinib, and trametinib) developed an eruption, all associated with unique duskiness. Drug hypersensitivity was confirmed by histopathologic testing in 2 of the 3 cases. The skin eruption responded well to corticosteroids and did not recur when treatment with the MEK inhibitor was restarted in 2 of the patients.The typical skin reaction associated with MEK inhibitors is a papulopustular eruption. To our knowledge, the dusky erythema that occurred in the 3 patients described here has not previously been reported for this drug class.
Familial Polycythaemia Caused by a New Haemoglobin Variant: Hb Heathrow, 103 (G5) Phenylalanine Leucine
Authors: J. M. White, L. Szur, I. D. S. Gillies, P. A. Lorkin, H. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A new variant of haemoglobin A (Hb A) with a high affinity for oxygen has been found in an English family. Five members are affected and all are polycythaemic. This variant (Hb Heathrow) is the first of this class to be found in this country and has the same electrophoretic mobility as Hb A. It was discovered only by measuring the oxygen affinity of the patients' red cells. This emphasizes the need for measuring the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin in patients with polycythaemia if other clinical and haematological features associated with polycythaemia rubra vera are absent.
Management of acute coronary occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: experience of complications in a hospital without on site facilities for cardiac surgery.
Authors: S G Richardson, P Morton, J G Murtagh, D B O'Keeffe, P Murphy, M E Scott
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may be safely performed in cardiology centres in the United Kingdom without immediate on site cardiac surgical cover for complications arising at angioplasty. DESIGN--Retrospective review of coronary angioplasties and complications in a hospital without on site cardiac surgical cover. SETTING--All angioplasties were performed in the catheterisation laboratory of the Belfast City Hospital. Revascularisation surgery for complicated coronary angioplasty was performed in the cardiac surgical unit of the Royal Victoria Hospital, 2.4 km away from the catheterisation laboratory. PATIENTS--540 Coronary angioplasties were performed on 512 patients between late 1982 and November 1988. Indications included stable angina, unstable rest angina, and suitable coronary disease at coronary arteriography after myocardial infarction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--In hospital mortality after complicated coronary angioplasty and delay to surgical revascularisation after acute coronary occlusion at angioplasty. RESULTS--Coronary angioplasty was successful in 444 cases (82%). Acute coronary occlusion occurred in 35 cases (6.5%). Twelve patients required urgent revascularisation surgery and were transferred safely to the surgical unit; none of these patients died. A mean delay of 268 minutes (range 180-390 minutes) occurred before revascularisation compared with 273 minutes (range 108-420 minutes) in the Royal Victoria Hospital, where on site surgical cover was available. The principal cause of delay was the wait for a cardiac operating theatre to become available and not the transfer time between hospitals. Five deaths occurred after coronary angioplasty, a mortality of 0.9%. Three deaths were related to acute coronary occlusion. The absence of immediate surgical help did not influence the outcome in any patient. CONCLUSION--With careful selection of patients coronary angioplasty may be safely performed in a hospital without on site cardiac surgical facilities, provided that these are available at a nearby centre.
Delirium, opioid regulation, and pathological gambling
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Delirium is common in elderly patients in emergency and inpatient settings. It is often caused by hospitalization and its attendant procedures. John Young and Sharon Inouye review the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium, and distinguish it from dementia (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39169.706574.AD). 

Even in our hi-tech world, the diagnosis of delirium remains a clinical one. Medical history is crucial—has there been a recent decline in cognitive function? Fluctuating …
ER stress in human hepatic cells treated with Efavirenz: Mitochondria again
Authors: Nadezda Apostolova, Leysa J. Gomez-Sucerquia, Fernando Alegre, Haryes A. Funes, Victor M. Victor, Maria D. Barrachina, Ana Blas-Garcia, Juan V. Esplugues
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Measles: who pays the cost?
Authors: A Hastings, A Hostler, A Solen
Journal: BMJ (1987)

An epidemic of measles resulting in 164 cases in a Leicester group practice was analysed by means of a case-control study and a questionnaire. Estimates were made of the physical, social, and financial costs to children, parents, and family doctors. On average each child was ill for 10.8 days and the illness cost his parents pounds 11.06. His family doctor spent 26 minutes providing care. These results provide an additional stimulus to the primary care team to promote the uptake of measles vaccination.
Neuropilin-1 Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Mediated Endothelial Permeability
Authors: Patrice M. Becker, Johannes Waltenberger, Robin Yachechko, Tamara Mirzapoiazova, James S.K. Sham, Chun Geun Lee, Jack A. Elias, Alexander D. Verin
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) is a cell surface receptor that binds vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent mediator of endothelial permeability, chemotaxis, and proliferation. In vitro, Npn-1 can complex with VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) to enhance VEGFR2-mediated endothelial cell chemotaxis and proliferation. To determine the role of Npn-1/VEGFR2 complexes in VEGF-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, endothelial cells were stably transfected with Npn1 or VEGFR2 alone (PAE/Npn and PAE/KDR, respectively), or VEGFR2 and Npn-1 (PAE/KDR/Npn-1). Permeability, estimated by measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TER), of PAE/Npn and PAE/KDR cell lines was not altered by VEGF 165 . In contrast, TER of PAE/KDR/Npn-1 cells decreased in dose-dependent fashion following VEGF 165 (10 to 200 ng/mL). Activation of VEGFR2, and 2 downstream signaling intermediates (p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK) involved in VEGF-mediated permeability, also increased in PAE/KDR/Npn-1. Consistent with these data, inhibition of Npn-1, but not VEGFR2, attenuated VEGF 165 -mediated permeability of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAE), and VEGF 121 (which cannot ligate Npn-1) did not alter TER of HPAE. Npn-1 inhibition also attenuated both VEGF 165 -mediated pulmonary vascular leak and activation of VEGFR2, p38, and ERK1/2 MAPK, in inducible lung-specific VEGF transgenic mice. These data support a critical role for Npn-1 in regulating endothelial barrier dysfunction in response to VEGF and suggest that activation of distinct receptor complexes may determine specificity of cellular response to VEGF.
Current understanding of the cellular biology and molecular structure of the antidiuretic hormone-stimulated water transport pathway.
Authors: H W Harris, K Strange, M L Zeidel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

channel permeability; WCV, water channel-containing vesicle.2. In this article antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is used instead of the term vasopressin in an effort to emphasize the effects of this hormone on renal epithelial cells.
Crisis, Ethics, and the American Medical Association 1847 and 1997
Authors: Robert Baker, Arthur Caplan, Linda L. Emanuel, Stephen R. Latham
Journal: JAMA (1997)

American medicine in 1997: the core values of the medical profession are being decided, not by physicians and surgeons acting through medical societies, but by lawyers and judges taking action in courtrooms and by managed care administrators overriding the decisions of trained medical professionals in response to the imperatives of commodified medicine. American medicine is in crisis. To put this crisis in perspective, however, consider the state of medicine in the United States 150 years ago. Licensing laws had been repealed as "elitist" and "antidemocratic."<sup>1(pp43 -63)</sup>The New York physician Nathan Smith Davis (1817-1904) reported that, in the absence of minimal licensing standards, "The college that offered to confer [an MD] after attendance on the shortest annual courses of instruction and the lowest college fees could generally draw the largest class."<sup>2</sup>Consequently, as Dr Nathaniel Chapman (1780-1853) of Philadelphia remarked, "The too ready admixture into [medicine] of individuals
Cystathionine-β-synthase deficiency: Detection of heterozygotes by the ratios of homocystein to cysteine and folate
Authors: A.M. Boddie, M.T. Steen, K.M. Sullivan, M. Pasquali, P.P. Dembure, R.J. Coates, L.J. Elsas
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Of What Use is the Pharmacopœia?
Authors: W. P. Whery
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Fort Wayne, Ind. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I do not wish to disparage the United States Pharmacopoeia in the least, nor to detract from the greatmerit of a work involving so much conscientious care and science and labor on the part of its authors,but I think I voice the feeling of the profession generally when I ask the question written above. In England, the College of Physicians has a legal right to inspect apothecaries' shops, and therefore to determine to some extent the nature of their contents. In Germany, Italy, and some other European countries the civil authorities have control over pharmacies, and can fine the proprietors if a specified list of drugs of a specified quality be not kept in stock. But in the United States there is no legal control of pharmacy, except in regard to pharmacists'qualifications, and there is no pretense on the part of physicians to regulate
Seeing Within
Authors: Farouc A. Jaffer, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Molecular imaging is a rapidly evolving discipline with the goal of developing tools to display and quantify molecular and cellular targets in vivo. The heart of this field is based on the rational design and screening of targeted and activatable imaging reporter agents to sense fundamental processes of biology. Parallel advances in small animal imaging systems and in agent synthesis have allowed molecular imaging applications to extend into the in vivo arena. These advances have permitted, for example, in vivo sensing of inflammation, apoptosis, cell trafficking, and gene expression. In this review, we first review core principles of molecular imaging with an emphasis on smart, activatable agent technology. We then discuss applications of state-of-the-art molecular probes to interrogate important aspects of cardiovascular biology, with a focus on atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and heart failure. In the ensuing years, we anticipate that fundamental aspects of cardiovascular biology will be detectable in vivo, and that promising molecular imaging agents will be translated into the clinical arena to guide diagnosis and therapy of human cardiovascular illness.
The value of catheter mapping during sinus rhythm to localize site of origin of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: D M Cassidy, J A Vassallo, A E Buxton, J U Doherty, F E Marchlinski, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We assessed the value of endocardial catheter mapping in 52 patients in sinus rhythm and with 102 morphologically distinct ventricular tachycardias. The local bipolar electrograms from various regions of the left ventricle were assessed and quantitatively classified with respect to the characteristics of amplitude and duration. With the use of this assessment we found that electrograms from the site of origin were of significantly lower amplitude and longer duration; however, because such an overlap occurred with electrograms that were not from sites of origin, this does not serve as a useful clinical marker. Various types of electrograms, including normal, abnormal, fractionated, abnormal late, fractionated late, and longest, were evaluated with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. None of these types possessed the ability to reliably localize the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia. We therefore conclude that endocardial catheter mapping during sinus rhythm is not useful as a guide in localized surgical therapy of ventricular tachycardia. Surgery guided only by the results of mapping during sinus rhythm would result in a more extensive excision than that directed by maps obtained during ventricular tachycardia and in some cases would result in the exclusion of the area considered to be the site of origin of the tachycardia.
Letter by Serebruany Regarding Article, “Cost-Effectiveness of Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes and Planned Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From the Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction TRITON-TIMI 38”
Authors: Victor L. Serebruany
Journal: Circulation (2010)
205. AAV-Mediated Gene Transfer to Muscle and Liver of MPS VI Animal Models
Authors: Alessandra Tessitore, Armida Faella, Fabiana Parisi, Mark Haskins, Alberto Auricchio
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) or Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome is a lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase (arylsulfatase B, ARSB) activity and characterized by skeletal dysplasia, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly and heart valve lesions. No central nervous system involvement is associated with MPS VI. ARSB is secreted from normal cells and up taken by adjacent cells, which is the basis for various experimental therapies, such as bone marrow transplantation (BMT), enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and more recently gene therapy. Vectors derived from the small non-pathogenic adeno-associated virus (AAV) hold great promise for in vivo gene transfer to several organs including muscle or liver, which can be converted to enzyme "factories" for systemic production of ARSB. We are currently testing the ability of AAV vectors to prevent or rescue the MPS VI phenotype in two spontaneous animal models: a rat with a frameshift and a cat with a missense mutation in the Arsb gene, mimicking mutations found in the majority of MPS VI patients. Newborn MPS VI cats and rats have been injected into muscle or intravenously with AAV2/1-CMV-fArsb or AAV2/8-TBG-fArsb, respectively. Similar levels of circulating ARSB were obtained following liver or muscle gene transfer in both animal models. While in MPS VI cats close to normal levels of serum ARSB have been reached and maintained for up to 1 year after gene transfer, lower and transient levels of circulating enzyme were detected in AAV- treated MPS VI rats, despite high ARSB levels in the transduced tissues. Consequently, the rescue of biochemical, morphological, and functional abnormalities in treated MPS VI rats has been partial. We are currently evaluating the presence of a humoral response to ARSB in AAV-treated MPS VI rats and whether this can be avoided by AAV-mediated transfer of the same species transgene.The results of our studies involving Arsb gene transfer in MPS VI animal models caused by different Arsb mutations may help to predict the outcome of ARSB gene transfer in humans.
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in immunocompetent patient: Early diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Masahiro Sakurai, Yoshimasa Moizumi, Shigeharu Uchida, Yoshimichi Imai, Koichi Tabayashi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

We report a case of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in a previously healthy, 68-year-old Japanese man following an emergency surgery for an acute aortic dissection. We confirmed the chimerism of lymphocytes and the effect of drug therapy using DNA polymorphism analysis. This method is a sensitive, convenient, and rapid method that it is also useful for the evaluation of therapy. And the combination therapy with methylprednisolone, cyclosporine, and 15-deoxyspergualin may be effective in treating transfusion-associated GVHD. Am. J. Hematol. 58:84–86, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.