tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Prevalence of W27 in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gary S. Rachelefsky, Paul I. Terasaki, Roger Katz, E. Richard Stiehm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

ONE extremely important association of histocompatibility antigen (HL-A) with susceptibility to disease has recently been recognized. This antigen, the W27 antigen, is present in about 6 per cent of the control population, but in 80 to 90 per cent of patients with ankylosing spondylitis,1 , 2 76 to 96 per cent with Reiter's disease3 , 4 and 55 per cent with acute anterior uveitis.5 The clinical similarities of ankylosing spondylitis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis6 and the high prevalence of anterior uveitis in juvenile arthritis7 prompted this examination of our patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis for the presence of HL-A W27.Materials and MethodsTwenty-six . . .
Measles Vaccine Field Trials in Alaska
Authors: Jacob A. Brody, Robert McAlister, Irvin Emanuel, E. Russell Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Two regimens of measles vaccination were tested in Alaskan Eskimo villages in March, 1963. Clinical reactions to vaccines were no more severe than those observed in other populations. From 7 to 11 days following administration of live attenuated vaccine plus γ-globulin, 18% of vaccinees had a temperature of 103 F (39.4 C) and 24% developed a rash. One dose of killed vaccine followed in six weeks by live attenuated vaccine produced a temperature of 102 F (38.9 C) in only two instances and measles-like rash was not observed. Height of antibody response following live attenuated vaccine and γ-globulin was related significantly to age and maximum temperature. Rash occurred more frequently in the very young.
Glucose Indices, Health Behaviors, and Incidence of Diabetes in Australia
Authors: Dianna J. Magliano, Elizabeth L.M. Barr, Paul Z. Zimmet, Adrian J. Cameron, David W. Dunstan, Stephen Colagiuri, Damien Jolley, Neville Owen, Patrick Phillips, Robyn J. Tapp, Tim A. Welborn, Jonathan E. Shaw
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—This national, population-based study reports diabetes incidence based on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and identifies risk factors for diabetes in Australians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study followed-up 5,842 participants over 5 years. Normal glycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes were defined using World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS—Age-standardized annual incidence of diabetes for men and women was 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–0.9) and 0.7% (0.5–0.8), respectively. The annual incidence was 0.2% (0.2–0.3), 2.6% (1.8–3.4), and 3.5% (2.9–4.2) among those with normal glycemia, IFG, and IGT, respectively, at baseline. Among those with IFG, the incidence was significantly higher in women (4.0 vs. 2.0%), while among those with IGT, it was significantly higher in men (4.4 vs. 2.9%). Using multivariate logistic regression, hypertension (odds ratio 1.64 [95% CI 1.17–2.28]), hypertriglyceridemia (1.46 [1.05–2.02]), log fasting plasma glucose (odds ratio per 1 SD 5.25 [95% CI 3.98–6.92]), waist circumference (1.26 [1.08–1.48]), smoking (1.70 [96% CI 1.11–2.63]), physical inactivity (1.56 [1.12–2.16]), family history of diabetes (1.82 [1.30–2.52]), and low education level (1.85 [1.04–3.31]) were associated with incident diabetes. In age- and sex-adjusted models, A1C was a predictor of diabetes in the whole population, in those with normal glycemia, and in those with IGT or IFG. CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes incidence is 10–20 times greater in those with IGT or IFG than those with normal glycemia. Measures of glycemia, A1C, metabolic syndrome components, education level, smoking, and physical inactivity are risk factors for diabetes.
THE NERVE ELEMENT IN SURGICAL PATHOLOGY.
Authors: J McFadden Gaston
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The interlacing of the nerves with the different structures of the body gives energy to every vital organ in health and aggravates their disorder in disease. To understand the correlation of the nerves and capillaries with the internal viscera presupposes a knowledge of the relation of the cerebro-spinal nerves with the ganglionic and vasomotor nerves. The outgrowth of the operation of the excito-motor, the excito-secretory and the excito-dynamic functions of the nervous system upon the different structures in their physiologic condition, prepares the mind to appreciate the great effects of vitiated actions of the nerves under their pathologic derangement. The organic changes in nerve tissues are pre-eminently characteristic of the direct involvement of the nerve element, and the development of neuromata in the course of the nerve trunks illustrates the part taken by the nervous system in surgical pathology. Neuralgia, in all its protean forms, is not a mere functional
Lithium treatment: prescribing and monitoring habits in hospital and general practice.
Authors: R. F. Kehoe, A. J. Mander
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To define current clinical practice of lithium prescribing and monitoring and to compare hospital based practice with general practice. DESIGN--Prospective study of doctors9 practice. SETTING--Psychiatric hospital day and outpatient facilities and general practices in Edinburgh and Midlothian district (population 600,000). SUBJECTS--458 patients taking lithium who had been stabilised and who remained as outpatients during the year of study. 219 were treated by their general practitioner and 190 by the hospital; 49 had shared care or care transferred during the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Daily dose, duration of treatment, psychiatric diagnosis, mean annual serum lithium concentration, frequency of occurrence of and response to raised serum concentrations. RESULTS--Compared with hospital doctors general practitioners were more likely to prescribe lithium three or more times daily (43/219 (general practice) v 10/190 (hospital); chi 2 = 18.6, p = 0.001) and to estimate serum concentrations less frequently (4.5 v 5.3 measurements/year; t = 3.04, p = 0.003), and their patients were more likely to experience raised lithium concentrations (39/219 v 17/190; chi 2 = 6.8, p = 0.01). One third of doctors made no response to raised lithium concentrations in the next six weeks. CONCLUSIONS--General practitioners and hospital doctors care for similar types of patients and the stringency of lithium surveillance varies greatly among doctors. Certain aspects of practice give cause for concern and could be improved by following more uniform guidelines.
Azacitidine fails to eradicate leukemic stem/progenitor cell populations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplasia
Authors: C Craddock, L Quek, N Goardon, S Freeman, S Siddique, M Raghavan, A Aztberger, A Schuh, D Grimwade, A Ivey, P Virgo, R Hills, T McSkeane, J Arrazi, S Knapper, C Brookes, B Davies, A Price, K Wall, M Griffiths, J Cavenagh, R Majeti, I Weissman, A Burnett, P Vyas
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Effects of Transferrin Receptor Blockade on Cancer Cell Proliferation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Function and Their Differential Regulation by Ascorbate
Authors: Dylan T. Jones, Ian S. Trowbridge, Adrian L. Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cellular iron is needed for cell survival and hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-α) by prolyl hydroxylases (PHD). One mechanism of iron uptake is mediated by the cell surface transferrin receptor (TfR). Because iron is required for cell growth and suppression of HIF-α levels, we tested the effects of the two anti-TfR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) E2.3 and A27.15 on growth of breast cancer cells and induction of HIF-α and hypoxia-regulated genes. Treatment with both mAbs together synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-responsive manner by up to 80% following 8 days of exposure, up-regulated HIF-1α and HIF transcription targets, down-regulated TfR expression, and down-regulated cellular labile iron pool by 60%. Because combined treatment with anti-TfR mAbs resulted in the up-regulation of the hypoxia pathway, which may increase tumor angiogenesis, we analyzed the effects of ascorbate on cell viability and HIF-1α levels in cells treated with both anti-TfR mAbs together, as ascorbate has been shown to be required by PHD enzymes for full catalytic activity. Ascorbate at physiologic concentrations (25 μmol/L) suppressed HIF-1α protein levels and HIF transcriptional targets in anti-TfR mAb-treated cells but did not suppress the antiproliferative effect of the mAbs. These results indicate that the addition of ascorbate increased the activity of the PHD enzymes in down-regulating HIF but not the proliferation of iron-starved anti-TfR mAb-treated cells. The use of anti-TfR mAbs and ascorbate in inhibiting both cell proliferation and HIF-1α and angiogenesis under normoxic conditions may be of therapeutic use. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(5): 2749-56)
Definitive Link of Mutation c.351delC and Development of Hereditary Angioedema in a Large Brazilian Family
Authors: M.F. Ferraro, A.S. Moreno, E. Castelli, A.P. Lange, E.A. Donadi, K. Bork, W. Sarti, L.K. Arruda
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Annual reports on public health.
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1989)

testicular tumours has improved appreciably,'9 but patients treated at specialist centres rather than general oncology units still seem to have the highest survival rate.20The message that specialist centres get the best results has not, however, got through to all concerned.As survival for Hodgkin's disease in the United States has imnproved more patients are being treated at local hospitals seeing under three cases a year.2'Such a reversal of the policy of centralisation slows down the scientific evaluation of new treatment regimens.This applies both to the rarer cancers (in some of which, for example subgroups of testicular tumours and Hodgkin's disease, the aim is now to elucidate the minimum treatment necessary for cure) and to the common cancers-for which there is still scope for substantial improvement in survival.These more common cancers could be treated at large numbers of hospitals without the numbers of patients at each becoming too low; in some district general hospitals, especially those distant from regional cancer centres, physicians with an interest in oncology can participate in clinical trials in cooperation with the regional centres.22Cooperative treatment and multicentre trials are flourishing for childhood cancer, leukaemia, and some other rare tumours.For most cancers, however, few of the eligible patients are entered into trials.423Yet without doubt trials are needed to evaluate new developments in treatment for the benefit of future patients.The results of several comparative studies of childhood cancer-and now also of multiple myeloma -suggest that entry to trials and centralised treatment are also of direct, immediate advantage for the patients concerned.More such studies are needed for other tumours and in other countries.The Finnish myeloma study and other comparative studies drew on population based cancer registries for their data.The importance of cancer registries for investigating the effects on survival of referral patterns and entry to trials cannot be overemphasised.
Circadian rhythm of heart rate in the rabbit: prolongation of action potential duration by sustained beta adrenoceptor blockade is not due to associated bradycardia
Authors: E M V. WILLIAMS, P D DENNIS, C GARNHAM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

Six litters of six young rabbits were injected intraperitoneally, two per litter, with saline, alinidine, or nadolol once or twice daily for two weeks. In four litters successful radiotransmissions of electrocardiograms were recorded once hourly for four days before and during treatment. Alinidine and nadolol produced an overall mean bradycardia in comparison with saline treated animals, the effect of alinidine exceeding that of nadolol. At 48–70 hours after the end of treatment the hearts were used for in vitro electrophysiological study. Nadolol, but not alinidine, induced a prolongation of action potential duration compared with that of saline treated littermates in both atrial and ventricular muscle. An incidental observation was that heart rate in the rabbit followed a circardian rhythm, heart rates being slower in the morning and faster in late afternoon and evening. The circadian rhythm was attenuated but not abolished by alinidine and nadolol. These results suggest that if prolongation of action potential duration by sustained beta blockade in patients after myocardial infarction contributes to protection against sudden death (by a class III antiarrhythmic action) then alinidine would not be expected to provide a comparable prophylaxis.
US drug industry's claims of other countries “freeloading” are a myth
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A member of George Bush's Presidential Business Commission—a group of business and professional people who are advising the president on the next election—has launched a scathing attack on the US pharmaceutical industry and on the industry's claims that other countries are damaging drug development by paying lower prices.

Delivering the David Rogers lecture at Cornell Medical College in New York last month, bioethicist Donald Light said no evidence existed to support the view that European nations were “freeloading” and that the current US attempts to raise prices through free-trade agreements with other countries were simply designed to boost profits, not …
Case 49-1986
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Richard C. Pasternak, James F. Southern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Presentation of CaseA 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a continuous cardiac murmur.The patient was born of an unusual gestation and delivery, in that her mother stated that she had had regular menses until the seventh month of the pregnancy; the child was born at 35 to 36 weeks, and a dead, partially developed fetus in a separate amniotic sac was delivered at the same time. After childhood the patient had repeated bouts of sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Six years before admission pneumococcal vaccine was administered, and these episodes ceased.Two years before entry, after . . .
A piece of my mind. The messengers
Authors: M. V. Slayter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differential effects of high-fat and high-carbohydrate isoenergetic meals on cardiac autonomic nervous system activity in lean and obese women
Authors: N Tentolouris, C Tsigos, D Perea, E Koukou, D Kyriaki, E Kitsou, S Daskas, Z Daifotis, K Makrilakis, S.A Raptis, N Katsilambros
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Current Controversy on Alternative Medicine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

For various reasons there seems to be increasing dissatisfaction with certain aspects of conventional or orthodox medicine. As Dr. Tony Smith has pointed out in the British Medical Journal,1 one of the few growth industries in contemporary Britain is what is now being described as alternative medicine.Patients who might previously have been reluctant to admit to their regular physicians that they had visited chiropractors, acupuncturists, herbalists, or faith healers are now much less reticent about doing so, and some doctors are becoming interested in discovering the scope of such practices. Indeed, a survey of the attitude of 100 . . .
Intracellular reactive oxygen species are required for directional migration of resident and bone marrow-derived hepatic pro-fibrogenic cells
Authors: Erica Novo, Chiara Busletta, Lorenzo Valfrè di Bonzo, Davide Povero, Claudia Paternostro, Katia Mareschi, Ivana Ferrero, Ezio David, Cristiana Bertolani, Alessandra Caligiuri, Stefania Cannito, Elena Tamagno, Alessandra Compagnone, Sebastiano Colombatto, Fabio Marra, Franca Fagioli, Massimo Pinzani, Maurizio Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Studies of Ribose Metabolism. V. Factors Influencing In Vivo Ribose Synthesis in the Rat12
Authors: Howard H. Hiatt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Ribose synthesis in animal tissue (1-3) has been demonstrated to take place via the oxidative and the nonoxidative reactions of the pentose phosphate pathway (4). The levels of the enzymes which catalyze the oxidative reactions of the pathway have been shown to be affected by hormonal alterations (5), and evidence has been presented indicating depression of the nonoxidative reactions in the tissues of thiamine-deficient animals (6). However, a systematic study of those factors influencing ribose production has not been possible because of the absence of a satisfactory method for obtaining this pentose from the living animal. We have recently reported a convenient technique for inducing the urinary excretion of ribose by the rat, and have presented evidence that urinary ribose and that isolated from nucleic acid are synthesized via the same or similar pathways (7). This ribose trapping procedure is based on the observation of Tabor and Hayaishi (8) and of Karjala (9) that the administration of imidazoleacetic acid (ImAA) or of histamine to the rat is followed by the urinary excretion of ImAA riboside.
Emerging Role of <i>miR-106b-25/miR-17-92</i> Clusters in the Control of Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling
Authors: Fabio Petrocca, Andrea Vecchione, Carlo M. Croce
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Inactivation of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) tumor suppressor pathway is a main step in the development of a variety of human tumors. The miR-106b-25 and miR-17-92 clusters are emerging as key modulators of TGFβ signaling in gastrointestinal and other tumors, interfering with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis when overexpressed in cancer cells. Genetic ablation of these microRNAs (miRNAs) reveals their physiologic role in the control of liver and central nervous system apoptosis, supporting the notion that miRNA-based homeostatic mechanisms can be usurped by cancer cells to resist TGFβ tumor suppression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(20):8191–4]
Thymocyte Resistance to Glucocorticoids Leads to Antigen-Specific Unresponsiveness Due to “Holes” in the T Cell Repertoire
Authors: Frank W.M Lu, Koji Yasutomo, Gregg B Goodman, Louise J McHeyzer-Williams, Michael G McHeyzer-Williams, Ronald N Germain, Jonathan D Ashwell
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Hemodynamic findings at rest and during mild supine exercise in adults with isolated, uncomplicated ventricular septal defects.
Authors: J E Otterstad, S Simonsen, J Erikssen
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Fifty-two patients with isolated congenital ventricular septal defects (VSDs), studied for the first time at age 10 or older, were restudied an average of 16 years later (range 4 to 21). The study protocol included a symptom-limited bicycle ergometer test, M mode echocardiographic examination, and hemodynamic studies at rest and during mild supine exercise. Of the 52, 17 had been operated on an average of 19 years earlier (range 11 to 21) (group 1) and 35 with smaller defects were not operated on (group 2). Although more pronounced findings were made in group 1, a similar pattern was observed in group 2: In most subjects in both groups a subnormal working capacity was observed. A subnormal left ventricular fractional shortening and circumferential shortening velocity was noted in a high proportion at echocardiography. A number of hemodynamic aberrations were observed in a high proportion of patients during exercise but not at rest. Thus a subnormal increase in left and right ventricular cardiac output was found in addition to pathologic increase in right and left ventricular end-diastolic, pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. In group 1, elevated pulmonary arterial pressures before operation and/or small residual VSDs were associated with a poor hemodynamic outcome. In neither group could significant correlations be observed between hemodynamic aberrations, shunt size, and/or age. Among patients who underwent surgery, the earlier surgical trauma might have contributed to the functional aberrations, but in group 2 the only likely explanation for the findings seems to be the VSD itself. Possibly a long-standing VSD--found unnecessary to repair according to commonly accepted criteria--may lead to disturbed systolic function and increase in compliance of both ventricles via a chronic pressure and volume overload.
The President
Authors: James Albert Clifton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The President1 May 1977The PresidentAmerican College of PhysiciansJames Albert Clifton, M.D., F.A.C.P.James Albert Clifton, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-646 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBorn 18 September 1923, Fayetteville, North Carolina. B.A., Vanderbilt University, 1944; M.D., Vanderbilt University, 1947.Intern, 1947-48; Resident, 1948-1951, University City Hospitals, Iowa City, Iowa.Assistant in Clinical Medicine, 1952-1953, Vanderbilt Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee. Attending Physician, 1953-1956, Veterans Administration Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa. Associate in Medicine, 1953-1954; Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, 1953-1971; Assistant Professor of Medicine, 1954-1958; Associate Professor of Medicine, 1958-1963; Professor of Medicine, 1963; Vice-Chairman, Department of Medicine, 1967-1970; Chairman, Department of Medicine, 1970-1976; Roy J. Carver Professor of Medicine, 1976-present; University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.Certified by American Board of Internal Medicine, 1955.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 646-646KeywordsHospital medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...