tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Normalization of Plasma Lipid Peroxides, Monocyte Adhesion, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in NIDDM Patients After Gliclazide Treatment
Authors: Anne-Cécile Desfaits, Omar Serri, Geneviève Renier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of gliclazide administration to NIDDM patients on 1) monocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells, 2) plasma cytokine and lipid peroxide levels, and 3) monocyte cytokine production. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Poorly controlled glyburide-treated diabetic patients (n = 8) and healthy control subjects (n = 8) were recruited. At the beginning of the study, glyburide was replaced by an equivalent hypoglycemic dose of gliclazide. Serum and monocytes were isolated from blood obtained from control and diabetic subjects before and after 3 months of treatment with gliclazide. RESULTS Plasma lipid peroxide levels and monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells are enhanced in NIDDM patients, and gliclazide administration totally reverses these abnormalities. Before gliclazide treatment, serum levels of cytokines did not differ in the control and the diabetic groups, with the exception of an enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL)-6 in NIDDM subjects. Basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocyte production of interleukin-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 did not differ between the two groups. Furthermore, basal monocyte production of TNF-α was similar in the control and the diabetic groups, whereas a marked increase in the LPS-stimulated monocyte production of TNF-α was observed in the NIDDM group. Gliclazide treatment lowered LPS-stimulated TNF-α production by diabetic monocytes to levels similar to those observed in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Gliclazide administration to NIDDM patients inhibits the increased adhesiveness of diabetic monocytes to endothelial cells and reduces the production of TNF-α by these cells. These results suggest that treatment of NIDDM subjects with gliclazide may be beneficial in the prevention of atherosclerosis associated with NIDDM.
Mechanism of rapid desensitization of muscarinic K+ current in adult rat and guinea pig atrial cells.
Authors: D Kim
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Acetylcholine (Ach) activates the muscarinic K+ current in atrial cells via the inhibitory GTP binding protein. After activation, the whole-cell K+ current decreases rapidly (rapid desensitization) to approximately half of the initial current within approximately 20 seconds. The mechanism of this rapid desensitization was investigated in adult rat and guinea pig atrial cells. Whole-cell voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques were used to study the K+ current. In voltage-clamped whole cells, ACh activated a K+ current that desensitized rapidly during the initial approximately 20 seconds followed by a slower decrease over several minutes. The rapid K+ current desensitization (a rapid decrease in channel open probability) was also observed at the single-channel level in cell-attached patches and was associated with a progressive shortening of the channel open time and prolongation of the closed time. These changes in channel current and kinetics were abolished by removal of the cytoplasm (by forming inside-out patches) and were partially inhibited by phosphatase inhibitors, suggesting an involvement of cytosolic phosphatase(s) in K+ current desensitization. In inside-out patches with ACh in the pipette and GTP in the bath, the open time of muscarinic K+ channels and channel open probability were increased by 1 mM Mg(2+)-ATP (but not by the nonhydrolyzable analogue, adenylylimidodiphosphate) and decreased by alkaline phosphatase. These results suggest that the rapid K+ current desensitization in adult rat or guinea pig atrial cells is produced by changes in the gating kinetics of the K+ channel, possibly mediated via membrane-associated protein kinase and cytosolic phosphatase(s).
Rich, young, educated women get better breast cancer care than poor, older women
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Three US studies show that the treatment of breast cancer is influenced by a woman's education, income, and age. 

US women who are involved in choosing their breast cancer surgeon are more likely to be treated by an experienced surgeon at an accredited cancer centre, says a study from the University of Michigan ( Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25:271-6). 

Another study from the University of Michigan says that breast cancer patients with lower household incomes and less education are more likely to receive reduced doses of chemotherapy, especially if they are obese ( Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007;25:1-8) 

And a third …
Hypermobility associated with osteoarthritis of the thumb base: a clinical and radiological subset of hand osteoarthritis.
Authors: H Jonsson, S T Valtysdottir, O Kjartansson, A Brekkan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

To study the impact of articular hypermobility on the clinical and radiological features of hand osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate whether hand osteoarthritis associated with hypermobility should be considered a separate subset of hand OA.Fifty consecutive female patients with clinical hand OA and thumb base symptoms were examined for hypermobility according to the Beighton criteria.Thirty one of the 50 patients had hypermobility features (Beighton score > or = 2) and 17 patients fulfilled four or more Beighton criteria. Corresponding figures for 94 control patients were 30 (p < 0.05) and nine (p < 0.001) respectively. Patients with hypermobility features were characterised clinically and radiologically by fewer and less severely involved interphalangeal joints. Radiologically, two fairly distinct subsets could be identified: Severe interphalangeal OA in which the prevalence of hypermobility was similar to controls, and patients with predominant involvement of the first carpometacarpal joint (CMC 1), most of whom had evidence of hypermobility.A causal relation exists between articular hypermobility and development of thumb base OA, and hypermobility associated hand OA constitutes a definite clinical and radiological subset of hand OA. In the clinical setting, the easily applied hypermobility criterion of passive dorsiflexion of the fifth finger > or = 90 degrees is useful in identifying most patients with hand OA and hypermobility.
THE EFFECT OF A DEFICIENCY OF THE B VITAMIN COMPLEX (EXCEPT THIAMINE) ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE OF THE RAT
Authors: Phyllis Merritt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Certain diets essentially identical with those previously reported as causing an elevation of the blood pressure of rats have failed to produce any elevation. Examination of micro sections from the kidneys of these rats, with the aid of special stains, has failed to demonstrate any vascular lesions similar to those previously described by Calder. Evidence of tubular atrophy was present to a minor degree in sections of the kidneys of rats fed diets deficient in the B vitamins (except thiamine) and in those fed diets low in choline. This finding has been noted previously by others, but examples of this type of lesion were found as well in animals fed the control diets of our experiments. It should be emphasized that these control diets were nutritionally inadequate. Deposits of intracellular granules of hemosiderin were prominent in the convoluted tubules of the kidneys in rats fed the diets deficient in the B vitamin complex.
E-health is booming in developing world
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Commercial exploitation of enzymes in biotransformation necessitates a robust method for enzyme production that yields high enzyme titer. Nitrilases are a family of hydrolases that can transform nitriles to enantiopure carboxylic acids, which are important pharmaceutical intermediates. Here, we report a fed-batch method that uses a defined medium and involves growth under carbon limiting conditions using DO-stat feeding approach combined with an optimized post-induction strategy, yielding high cell densities and maximum levels of active and soluble enzyme. This strategy affords strict control of nutrient feeding and growth rates, and ensures sustained protein synthesis over a longer period. The method was optimized for highest titer of nitrilase reported so far (247 kU/l) using recombinant <i>E. coli</i> expressing the <i>Alcaligenes</i> sp. ECU0401 nitrilase. The fed-batch protocol presented here can also be employed as template to produce a wide variety of enzymes with minimal modification, as demonstrated for alcohol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase.
Mortality after remote surgery for benign gastroduodenal disease.
Authors: C C Stael von Holstein, H Anderson, S B Eriksson, B Huldt
Journal: Gut (1995)

Mortality was studied after partial gastrectomy in a cohort of 1575 patients operated on because of benign gastroduodenal disease 29 to 59 years ago. The final status was confirmed in all but 8.4% of the cohort. At the close of the study 78% of the traced population were dead. Overall mortality was significantly higher than in the general population of southern Sweden (standardised mortality ratio = 1.10; 95% confidence intervals 1.03 to 1.17). Excess deaths resulted from neoplasms in the stomach, pancreas, male genital organs, and respiratory organs, as well as from respiratory diseases and suicide. Patients operated on before the age of 45 had a 60% increase in overall mortality during the first 19 years after surgery, mainly because of cardiovascular disease and suicide, whereas among those operated on after this age mortality was comparable to that in the reference population. The 75% increased death rate in cardiovascular disease during the first 19 years after surgery in patients operated on at young age, dramatically decreased during the years thereafter. An increased risk of death caused by malignancy was apparent more than 20 years postoperatively, irrespective of age at surgery. Excess deaths resulting from gastrointestinal malignancies, mainly gastric and pancreatic carcinoma, outnumbered the increased number of deaths resulting from cancer in the respiratory organs.
The NPM1 wild-type OCI-AML2 and the NPM1-mutated OCI-AML3 cell lines carry DNMT3A mutations
Authors: E Tiacci, A Spanhol-Rosseto, M P Martelli, L Pasqualucci, H Quentmeier, V Grossmann, H G Drexler, B Falini
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Maternal consumption of coffee during pregnancy and stillbirth and infant death in first year of life: prospective study
Authors: K. Wisborg
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To study the association between coffee consumption during pregnancy and the risk of stillbirth and infant death in the first year of life.Prospective follow up study.Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, 1989-96.18 478 singleton pregnancies in women with valid information about coffee consumption during pregnancy.Stillbirth (delivery of a dead fetus at > or =28 weeks' gestation) and infant death (death of a liveborn infant during the first year of life).Pregnant women who drank eight or more cups of coffee per day during pregnancy had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with women who did not drink coffee (odds ratio=3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.9). After adjustment for smoking habits and alcohol intake during pregnancy, the relative risk of stillbirth decreased slightly. Adjustment for parity, maternal age, marital status, years of education, occupational status, and body mass index did not substantially change the estimates of association. There was no significant association between coffee consumption and death in the first year of life after adjustment for smoking habits during pregnancy.Drinking coffee during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of stillbirth but not with infant death.
Deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient human fibroblasts. Immunological identification.
Authors: L Ho, C W Hu, S Packman, M S Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

A previously reported deficiency of "total" pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity is further characterized. Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) activities in the patient's fibroblasts were normal. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (E1) was 33% of that in fibroblasts from an age-matched control. The amounts of each of the components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were analyzed using an immunoblot technique and specific antibodies. Levels of components E2 and E3 were the same in fibroblasts from the patient and control, confirming the activity measurements. However, the levels of E1 alpha and E1 beta were reduced markedly in fibroblasts from the patient. Thus, impairment in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity was due to a reduction in the amount of the E1 component of the complex.
Data sheets and lactation.
Authors: P J Lewis, D R Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Britain this solution is called Synthamin.Recently minor elevations of serum bilirubin concentration and major elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate amino- transferase activities have been observed in six patients receiving this solution following surgery of the head and neck.These patients did not have evidence of metastatic disease and no abnormalities have been observed in patients undergoing similar operations who did not receive nutritional support.However, the same type of biochemnical abnormalities have been seen in a patient receiving the intravenous amino-acid solution Vamin.Furthermore, 15 patients who received a nasogastric diet based on the beef protein derivatives Albumaid or Serameen and the glucose polymer Caloreen showed the same biochemical response.This latter observation would suggest that cholestasis occurring in patients receiving intravenous nutrients is unlikely to be due to a lack of stimulation of bile flow by food in the gut.Are these changes due to the absence of some dietary component or presence of some chemical agent that is common to artificial diets whether given intravenously or by the nasogastric route ?These results will be reported in detail elsewhere.
Arterial Thrombus Formation During Clinical Percutaneous Catheterization
Authors: GUSTAVE FORMANEK, ROBERT S. FRECH, KURT AMPLATZ
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Deposition of thrombotic material on catheters was observed following more than 50% of 93 diagnostic catheterizations. The incidence of deposition of thrombotic material on catheters remaining in the body for more than 1 day was 100%. Polyethylene and siliconized polyurethane catheters were less thrombogenic than Teflon end-occluded catheters. A definite time relationship between the thrombus formation and the duration of the catheterization procedure was noted. The growth of thrombi on the outside of catheters does not appear to be linear since catheters can remain in place for 10 days or more. Postcatheterization thrombosis is believed to be due to thrombi stripped from the catheter by the arterial wall. The thrombus which originally encases the catheter will pile up at the puncture site as the catheter is withdrawn. The thrombus may remain attached at the puncture site or embolize peripherally.
A FEW REMARKS ON LEPROSY.Read in the Section on State Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in San Francisco, June 5-8. 1894.
Authors: U. S. ORME
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Owing to failure in receiving replies to several letters of inquiry and to other pressing demands upon my time, I have been unable to complete the supplement to my former report on leprosy, which I expected to offer at this meeting. I shall, however, add a few facts and observations to what was written four years ago. Since 1890, evidence has been accumulating in favor of the theory then advanced, that the most important factor in the causation of leprosy is contagion, and it is now generally admitted that it is the only factor deserving serious consideration. The most noteworthy testimony to this effect is the report I of the Indian Commission of 1892, based upon investigations made the previous year. The most important conclusions reached were that leprosy is not kindred to syphilis or tuberculosis, that it is contagious, and that it is not diffused by hereditary transmission. They
Amputations, Re-amputations, and Penicillin
Authors: E. N. Callum
Journal: BMJ (1945)

All but 2 were tested for at least 6 weeks.The results are summarized in Fig. 1.It can be seen that altogether 5 children developed bilirubinuria during the course of the investigation, and in 4 cases tests were positive on more than one occasion.As soon as a suspicious or positive result occurred the child was isolated and kept in bed until 3 successive negative tests had been obtained.A detailed summary of findings in all positive cases is given in the accompanying Table .Unfortunately, in only two instances was Sunmnmary of Findings in those Children in Nursery A who showed Positive Hunter's Tests durinig the Investigation Date of Serum Bilirubin First
INCREASED URINARY EXCRETION OF A GLYCOGEN-DERIVED TETRASACCHARIDE IN HETEROZYGOTES WITH GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISEASES TYPE II AND III
Authors: M Alan Chester, Arne Lundblad, Anders Häger, Sture Sjöblad, Crista Loonen, JosephM Tager, David Zopf
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Heroin Addiction and Nephropathy
Authors: T. K. Sreepada Rao, Anthony D. Nicastri, Eli A. Friedman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Corrections1 September 1974Heroin Addiction and NephropathyT. K. SREEPADA RAO, M.D., ANTHONY D. NICASTRI, M.D., ELI A. FRIEDMAN, M.D.T. K. SREEPADA RAO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANTHONY D. NICASTRI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ELI A. FRIEDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-3-416_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The study of glomerular focal sclerosis by Matalon and associates (1) adds further support to previous reports (2-5) indicating an association of heroin addiction and nephropathy. All 10 patients reported were black, whereas only 30% of hospital admissions to New York University were black. Five of these were male heroin addicts who had massive proteinuria and focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis. Except for Patient 4, whose renal function improved, all other patients showed deterioration of renal function.These observations fit our description (2) of a syndrome of focal glomerular sclerosis, massive proteinuria, and azotemia in 14 black...References1. MATALONKATZGALLO RLG: Glomerular sclerosis in adults with nephrotic syndrome. Ann Intern Med 80:488-495, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. RAONICASTRIFRIEDMAN TAE: Natural history of heroin-associated nephropathy. N Engl J Med 290:19-23, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MCGINNMCGINNCHERUBIN JTC: Nephrotic syndrome in drug addicts. NY State J Med 74:92-95, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. THOMPSONANTONOVYCHLIN ATR: Focal membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) in heroin users. Abstracts. The American Society of Nephrology, Washington, D.C, 19-20 November 1973, p. 105 Google Scholar5. KILCOYNEDALYGOCKE MJD: Nephrotic syndrome in heroin addicts. Lancet 1:17-20, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: T. K. SREEPADA RAO, M.D.; ANTHONY D. NICASTRI, M.D.; ELI A. FRIEDMAN, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1974Volume 81, Issue 3Page: 416-416KeywordsAddictsHeroinProteinuria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Anaesthesia for Minor Procedures
Authors: W. W. Mushin
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Enteric bacteria have to adapt to environmental stresses in the human gastrointestinal tract such as acid and nutrient stress, oxygen limitation and exposure to antibiotics. Membrane lipid composition has recently emerged as a key factor for stress adaptation. The <i>E. coli ravA-viaA</i> operon is essential for aminoglycoside bactericidal activity under anaerobiosis but its mechanism of action is unclear. Here we characterise the VWA domain-protein ViaA and its interaction with the AAA+ ATPase RavA, and find that both proteins localise at the inner cell membrane. We demonstrate that RavA and ViaA target specific phospholipids and subsequently identify their lipid-binding sites. We further show that mutations abolishing interaction with lipids restore induced changes in cell membrane morphology and lipid composition. Finally we reveal that these mutations render <i>E. coli</i> gentamicin-resistant under fumarate respiration conditions. Our work thus uncovers a <i>ravA-viaA</i>-based pathway which is mobilised in response to antibiotics under anaerobiosis and has a major impact on cell membrane regulation.
Vitamin C and Oxalate Stones
Authors: Donald A. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We report the case of a man with an oxalate stone who took vitamin C regularly. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 21-year-old candidate for a commission in the Army was evaluated for urinary tract stones. He had been seen by a urologist because of flank pain. A stone was recovered from his urine; on analysis, it proved to be a calcium oxalate stone. Results of an intravenous pyelogram were normal. Results of a physical examination, including blood pressure determinations, were entirely normal. There were no complaints at the time of the evaluation, and there was no family history of renal disease. Laboratory studies had the following results: urinalysis with careful microscopic examination was normal; serum and 24-hour urine levels of calcium, phosphorus, and uric acid were normal; and the urinary oxalate level was 127, 126, and 76 mg in three 24-hour specimens (normal, less than 40 mg/24
Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone with Mithramycin
Authors: J. R. Condon, S. B. M. Reith, J. R. Nassim, F. J. C. Millard, A. Hilb, E. M. Stainthorpe
Journal: BMJ (1971)

We report data from three patients with severe Paget's disease of bone who were treated with mithramycin.Mithramycin infusion resulted in a fall in plasma calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion. There was an improvement in calcium and phosphorus balance in two of the three subjects studied. A pronounced or complete relief of bone pain occurred in all three.We suggest that mithramycin exerts its beneficial effect in Paget's disease of bone by stimulating parathyroid hormone release. The parathyroid hormone released has a predominantly anabolic action on bone since its catabolic action is blocked by mithramycin, which inhibits bone resorption.
Treaty Ratification Defeated
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal