tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Equivalence of Spiros Dry Powder Inhaler and Ventolin Metered Dose Inhaler
Authors: RICHARD C. AHRENS, LESLIE HENDELES, WILLIAM R. CLARKE, ROBERT J. DOCKHORN, MALCOLM R. HILL, LEIGH M. VAUGHAN, CHERI LUX, SEUNG-HO HAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Because chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contribute to depletion of stratospheric ozone, CFC-containing metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) such as Ventolin and Proventil are being phased out of production. In terms of delivery of albuterol to the lungs, we compared an alternative delivery system, the Spiros dry-powder inhaler (DPI), with Ventolin, using a methacholine challenge-based clinical bioassay. Twenty-four adults and adolescents with asthma completed this double-blind, four-period crossover study. Doses evaluated were one and three actuations each of Spiros and Ventolin (90- and 270- μ g albuterol base). A methacholine challenge (Cockcroft method) was initiated 3 h before and 0.25 h after albuterol. Predose PC20FEV1 values were not significantly different between study days. Postdose PC20FEV1 results met standard bioassay study validity criteria: i.e., a significant dose–response relationship was present (p = 0.0002); tests for deviation from parallelism and overlap of dose–response curves were nonsignificant (p = 0.08, 0.69). By using Finney 2-by-2 bioassay analysis, we estimate that each Spiros actuation delivers 1.12 times as much albuterol to the airways as one Ventolin actuation (90% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.94). There were no significant differences in markers of systemic effects (vital signs, potassium, and blood glucose concentrations). We conclude that Spiros and Ventolin inhalers deliver comparable quantities of albuterol to the airways.
NUTRITION AND STIMULATION.
Authors: I. N. LOVE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

"There has been a wave of enthusiasm affecting the profession for the past three decades, which has been growing stronger each year, and is now truly at its flood, and this wave has concerned itself chiefly with what has been termed scientific research. We are all now ready to announce our belief that the laboratory side of medical science must be cultivated as a foundation for the whole superstructure of more or less empirical clinical facts, and we have given evidence by the establishment of numerous institutions for study along these lines, and more will follow. More systematic and accurate methods are being applied throughout the entire field of medical practice than ever before, and every worker, whether wielding the microscope, manipulating cultures or making clinical observations and studying bedside symptoms, realizes the importance of thoroughness and the application of careful scientific methods."<sup>1</sup> In passing it may be well
Fluorescence microscopy in colonic exfoliative cytology
Authors: D. J. Oakland
Journal: Gut (1964)

Since the introduction of the exfoliative cytological technique in clinical practice, particularly in the diagnosis of malignant disease of the female genital tract, many authors (Friedman, 1950; Mellors and Silver, 1951; von Bertalanffy, Masin, and Masin, 1956; Liu, 1961) have endeavoured to reduce the time required for scanning the smears by the use of fluorescent microscopy. In this new technique, they have employed fluochromes to stain the smears, and then scanned them, using an ultra-violet microscope unit. Although this technique reduces the scanning time, since the microscopist need only inspect areas on the slide which are fluorescing, recent work (Caspersson, and Santesson 1942; Bertalanffy, 1960) appears to suggest that the technique of recognizing malignant cells by demonstrating their cytochemical composition may be as reliable as the morphological criteria used by Papanicolau and Traut (1941). A series of smears has been examined using a fluorescent microscopy technique, and acridine orange, as the fluochrome with a view to reducing the time required to scan the material collected from the colon. The findings are briefly reported.
Treatment of Infected Pancreatic Pseudocysts by Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Cystogastrostomy
Authors: M. Fuchs, None Reimann, None Gaebel, None Ludwig, None Stange
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

It has been appreciated for a long time that surgery is the treatment of choice for symptomatic, and especially infected, pancreatic pseudocysts. This paradigm is now being challenged by endoscopic cystoenterostomy and cystogastrostomy, which have both been employed with success in selected patients. We present three cases in which infected pancreatic pseudocysts resolved following endoscopic cystogastrostomy guided by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).
Battle of Mogadishu
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analysis of regional hemodynamic regulation in response to scald injury.
Authors: P A Taheri, H L Lippton, S D Force, E W Franklin, A L Hyman, L M Flint, J J Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Ultrasonic probes were placed around dog femoral arteries to record blood flow. Hind paw scalding with boiling water (5 s) caused a marked increase in ipsilateral femoral blood flow that persisted for the 2-h observation period. Contralateral femoral blood flow and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were unchanged. Compared to scald only animals, methysergide pretreatment diminished and shortened the femoral vasodilator response to scald (109 +/- 14 vs 243 +/- 27 ml/min at 5 min; 59 +/- 14 vs 191 +/- 31 ml/min at 2 h). Pretreatment with ritanserin, BW A1433U83, atropine, ICI 118551, diphenhydramine, ranitidine, meclofenamate, L-nitro-arginine methyl ester, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazine, and U 37883A had no effect on the increased femoral blood flow response to scald, suggesting this vasodilator response is not dependent upon activation of serotonergic2, adenosineA1, muscarinic, beta 2-adrenergic, histaminergic1 or histaminergic2 receptors, on cyclooxygenase products, endothelium-derived relaxing factor derived from nitric oxide (NO) synthase III, NO derived from NO synthase II, or KATP channels, respectively. Methysergide given after burn immediately reduced the augmented femoral blood flow to preburn levels, suggesting the vasodilator response to scald is mediated through continual activation of local serotonergic1-like receptors, which may be target site(s) for therapeutic interventions to influence burn-induced hemodynamic alterations.
Safe Method of Collecting Leukaemia Cells from Patients with Acute Leukaemia for Use as Immunotherapy
Authors: R. L. Powles, T. A. Lister, R. T. D. Oliver, J. Russell, C. Smith, H. E. M. Kay, T. J. McElwain, G. H. Fairley
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Leukaemia cells were collected from the blood of 72 untreated patients using a continuous-flow blood cell separator. The yield of cells was proportional to the number circulating in the patient, and up to 1 × 10<sup>12</sup> could be obtained in three hours. Complications of the procedure were mild, consisting of chills and shivering in 18% of patients. Leucopheresis at the time of diagnosis is an essential part of setting up a specific immunotherapy programme for patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia, and the lack of harmful side effects makes the collection of these cells ethically justified. The need for a centralized service to provide cells for this form of therapy is emphasized.
Adh locus in maize for detection of mutagens in the environment.
Authors: D Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The advantages of the maize Adh system for low level mutagenesis studies are discussed. They include high mutation rate and the availability of both a strong selection system for null mutants and a sensitive method for detection of variants. The null selection involves treatment of pollen with allyl alcohol which is converted by the Adh enzyme to the toxic acrylaldehyde. Adh variants can be detected by alteration in affinity for phytic acid as well as thermal stability and electrophoretic mobility.
Mechanism of Increased Lipolysis in Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Thorhallur Agustsson, Mikael Rydén, Johan Hoffstedt, Vanessa van Harmelen, Andrea Dicker, Jurga Laurencikiene, Bengt Isaksson, Johan Permert, Peter Arner
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Loss of fat mass is a key feature of cancer cachexia and has been attributed to increased adipocyte lipolysis. The mechanism behind this alteration is unknown and was presently investigated. We studied mature s.c. fat cells and differentiated preadipocytes from 26 cancer patients with and without cachexia. Hormone-induced lipolysis and expression of lipolysis-regulating genes were determined together with body composition and in vivo lipolytic activity (fasting plasma glycerol or fatty acids related to body fat). Body fat was reduced by 40% and in vivo lipolytic activity was 2-fold increased in cachexia (P = 0.001). In mature adipocytes, the lipolytic effects of catecholamines and natriuretic peptide were 2- to 3-fold increased in cachexia (P < 0.001). This was completely counteracted by inhibiting the rate-limiting lipolysis enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). In cachexia, the expression levels of HSL mRNA and protein were increased by 50% and 100%, respectively (P = 0.005-0.03), which strongly correlated with in vitro lipolytic stimulation (r = 0.7-0.9). The antilipolytic effect of insulin in mature fat cells and the stimulated lipolytic effect in differentiated preadipocytes were unaltered in cachexia. Patients who lost weight due to other factors than cancer cachexia had no change in adipocyte lipolysis. In conclusion, adipocyte lipolysis is increased in cancer cachexia not due to nonepigenic factors or to weight loss per se, but most probably because of enhanced expression and function of adipocyte HSL. The selective inhibition of this enzyme may prevent fat loss in cancer patients.
TCT-795 Procedural success is improved with a 2nd MitraClip placement without additional complications
Authors: Takashi Matsumoto, Wen Loong Yeow, Asma Hussaini, Mamoo Nakamura, Moody Makar, Swaminatha V. Gurudevan, Robert Siegel, Saibal Kar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Esophagogastric Varices and Nonvariceal Bleeding
Authors: A. M. Kassem
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The controversial issue of the cost-effectiveness of screening all cirrhotic patients for esophageal varices was raised in a number of abstracts. In one study using the Markov model, universal endoscopic screening was found not to be cost-effective when compared to empirical medical prophylaxis for variceal bleeding [1]. The cost-effectiveness of screening endoscopy could, however, be improved if a subgroup of cirrhotic patients could be identified that would not need screening for large varices. In this context, absence of splenomegaly and a platelet count > 100 000 were found to be associated with a low risk of developing varices, particularly large varices [2]. This was confirmed in another study in which predictors of the presence of esophageal varices in patients with a recent histological diagnosis of cirrhosis were investigated in 250 patients. Among various clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound variables, a longitudinal spleen diameter of > 112 mm was found to be an independent predictor of the presence of esophageal varices [3].
Precipitating antibodies to cellular antigens in Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and other organ and nonorgan-specific autoimmune diseases.
Authors: M A Alspaugh, W W Buchanan, K Whaley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

The prevalence of three precipitating antibodies, anti-SS-A anti-SS-B, and rheumatoid arthritis precipitin (RAP), reacting with an extract of the human lymphoid cell line Wil2, was studied in the sicca syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, various seronegative spondyloarthritides, and organ and nonorgan-specific autoimmune disease. Anti-SS-A and snti-SS-B occurred most frequently in the sera of patients with the sicca syndrome whereas RAP occurred most frequently in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis sera. However, the data did not support previous studies where patients with sicca syndrome had a high incidence of anti-SS-A and/or -SS-B antibodies but had a low frequency of RAP, and patients with Sjögren's syndrome in association with rheumatoid arthritis had a high incidence of RAP but a low incidence of anti-SS-A and/or -SS-B. Instead the three antibodies were present in both forms of Sjögren's syndrome. This suggested a difference in the diseases in the UK compared to the USA, or that these antibodies do not have the more subtle diagnostic specificity that was originally suggested.
Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest-Reply
Authors: Terence D. Valenzuela
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —We originally submitted a more extensive manuscript to JAMA that included information on length of survival and functional status. This information was deleted at the request of the editors in order to focus the article on the effect of unstandardized case and survival definitions. We are currently preparing an article for publication in the future with these data.  I do not know what reports Dr Kornfield refers to in asserting that only 10% of patients who are discharged from the hospital after cardiac arrest are alive at 6-month follow-up. The majority of the survivors in our study group were alive at 1 year, most with a functional status equal to that present before their cardiac arrest. Available studies on long-term survival of patients discharged after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest indicate 1-year survival rates of 74% to 82%. 1 Perhaps Dr Kornfield is referring to studies of in-hospital cardiac arrest;
MCAT: Picayune or Malevolent?
Authors: Thomas E. Will
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the recent commentary by Dr Dan<sup>1</sup>and in defense of professional admission tests such as the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and the Graduate Record Examination, both of which depend on the concept of content validity as a rationale for their item content (content validity concerns primarily the adequacy with which the test items sample the content area to be measured), the following discussion may cast some light on why those examinations are used. Assume we wish to select students with the expectation that only 50% will be successful in their educational endeavors and professional careers—and this is a little unlikely since most professional schools use some standard for selection, even if it is the previous educational level attained. A selection test has a validity coefficient, the correlation between, as an example, MCAT scores and success in either academics or a medical career,
Prostaglandin E2 Suppresses Antifungal Immunity by Inhibiting Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Function and Interleukin-17 Expression in T Cells
Authors: Patricia A. Valdez, Paul J. Vithayathil, Brian M. Janelsins, Arthur L. Shaffer, Peter R. Williamson, Sandip K. Datta
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Abstract 102: A longitudinal, orthotopic mouse imaging model using modified hNIS-A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and SPECT/CT imaging
Authors: Amber Alane McBride, Dominique Nicole Price, Jeffrey P. Norenberg, Debra A. MacKenzie, Todd Anthony Thompson, Pavan Muttil
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS; SLC5A5) is a membrane glycoprotein that is a transporter for iodide uptake and also concentrates the radiotracer technetium 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTc). In this study, we investigated the use of hNIS as an imaging reporter gene expressed in lung cancer cells in nude mice that can be quantified using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. The radionuclide 99mTc was selected for its rapid clearance from the body and its short physical half-life (i.e., 6 hours). These characteristics allowed for the development a highly sensitive spatial and temporal tumor-imaging model. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were genetically modified using plasmid and lentiviral vectors to stably express hNIS. Using these modified cells, we monitored xenograft and orthotopic tumor growth using SPECT/CT for a total of 47 days. hNIS expression was quantified using qPCR and tumor progression was monitored by SPECT voxel analysis and validated using H&amp;E staining of pulmonary tumors. hNIS-lentiviral vector tumors exhibited significant 99mTc uptake over hNIS-plasmid vector cells and A549 unmodified control cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, this mouse study achieved a 100% orthotopic tumor take rate. Thus, a highly sensitive preclinical imaging mouse lung cancer model was developed. This model can be imaged longitudinally, which is made possible through the stable incorporation of hNIS into the tumor cell, allowing for 99mTc uptake and SPECT/CT analysis of tumor burden. In future studies, we will investigate whether chemotherapeutic regimens can effectively reduce the growth of hNIS-expressing A549 tumors over time using this preclinical in vivo model. This novel lung cancer animal model could significantly reduce animal numbers, improve the quality of data by avoiding inter-animal variation, and allow for longitudinal analysis and efficacy of experimental chemotherapeutics. Citation Format: Amber Alane McBride, Dominique Nicole Price, Jeffrey P. Norenberg, Debra A. MacKenzie, Todd Anthony Thompson, Pavan Muttil. A longitudinal, orthotopic mouse imaging model using modified hNIS-A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells and SPECT/CT imaging. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 102. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-102
Respiratory dialysis with an active-mixing extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal system in a chronic sheep study
Authors: Peter D. Wearden, William J. Federspiel, Scott W. Morley, Meir Rosenberg, Paul D. Bieniek, Laura W. Lund, Burt D. Ochs
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the safety and performance of a unique extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal system (Hemolung, ALung Technologies, Pittsburgh, PA) which incorporates active mixing to improve gas exchange efficiency, reduce exposure of blood to the circuit, and provide partial respiratory support at dialysis-like settings. An animal study was conducted using eight domestic crossbred sheep, 6–18 months of age and 49–115 kg in weight. The sheep were sedated and intubated, and a 15.5-Fr dual lumen catheter was inserted into the right jugular vein. The catheter was connected to the extracorporeal circuit primed with heparinized saline, and flow immediately initiated. The animals were then awakened and encouraged to stand. The animals were supported in a stanchion and monitored around the clock. Anticoagulation was maintained with heparin to achieve an aPTT of 46–70 s. Measurements included blood flow rate through the device, carbon dioxide exchange rate, pump speed and sweep gas flow rate. Safety and biocompatibility measurements included but were not limited to plasma-free hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, platelet count and fibrinogen. The Hemolung removed clinically significant amounts of carbon dioxide, more than 50 ml/min, at low blood flows of 350–450 ml/min, with minimal adverse effects. The results of 8-day trials in awake and standing sheep supported by the Hemolung demonstrated that this device can consistently achieve clinically relevant levels of carbon dioxide removal without failure and without significant risk of adverse reactions.
Prescribing by general practitioner fundholders
Authors: I. Trimble, D. Black
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Effects offundholding on prescribing habitsResults ofsimilar study in Mersey were different EDr1OR,-In their study into the effects of fundholding on prescribing Sarah Stewart-Brown and colleagues found that although fundholders initially contained prescribing costs more effectively than non-fundholders, this effect was not maintained and was even reversed.'Our studies of prescribing in fundholding practices show that similar patterns of cost containment occurred in the first year of fundholding in the first three waves2 but that the effect was not maintained.3Stewart-Brown and colleagues suggest several possible explanations: these include deliberate inflation of prescribing costs in the prefundholding year to increase the budget for the next year (on the basis of our data2 we thought it unlikely that such an approach was widespread, but it might be a factor in some practices); that all reasonable savings were achieved early on; and that the comparator group of non-fundholders was also trying to contain costs as a result of new prescribing incentive schemes, minimising differences between the groups.We favour this last explanation and in support of this show a dramatic rise in the rate of generic prescribing among all non-fundholders in Mersey region in 1993-4 (fig 1).We believe that this was the result of incentive schemes and a local requirement that the rate of generic prescribing among prospective fourth wave fundholders should be 50%.Stewart-Brown and colleagues point out an apparent reversal of the pattern of cost containment between fundholders and non-fundholders by the end of the study.We found no such reversal in our study of almost an entire population of fundholders and non-fundholders in Mersey,3 and we suggest that it is the result of the small number of practices