tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nebulized magnesium sulphate versus nebulized salbutamol in acute bronchial asthma: a clinical trial
Authors: HS Mangat, GA D'Souza, MS Jacob
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

Intravenous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has successfully been used in the treatment of acute asthma. The present study investigated the efficacy of nebulized MgSO4 as a bronchodilator in acute asthma as compared to nebulized salbutamol. This was a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Asthmatics aged 12-60 yrs in acute exacerbation, with a peak expiratory flow (PEF) &lt;300 L x min(-1), not having taken bronchodilators and not requiring assisted ventilation were included. Patients were randomized to receive treatment with serial nebulizations of either 3 mL (3.2% solution, 95 mg) MgSO4 solution or 3 mL (2.5 mg) salbutamol solution. All patients were also given 100 mg hydrocortisone i.v., and were monitored continuously for 2 h after which they were given supplemental treatment (if and when needed) and either discharged or admitted. Fischl index, PEF improvements (in % predicted) and admission rates were the outcome variables. Thirty-three patients were studied. Fischl score improvement was comparable and significant in both groups (4.31 to 0.43 in the MgSO4 group and 4.29 to 0.76 in the salbutamol group). The increase in PEF was statistically significant and comparable in both groups (by 35% pred in the MgSO4 and by 42% pred in the salbutamol group). Two patients warranted admission in the salbutamol group and one in the MgSO4 group. Nebulized MgSO4 had a significant bronchodilatory effect in acute asthma. This effect was not significantly different from that of nebulized salbutamol.
Polycomb repressor complex 2 regulates HOXA9 and HOXA10, activating ID2 in NK/T-cell lines
Authors: Stefan Nagel, Letizia Venturini, Victor E Marquez, Corinna Meyer, Maren Kaufmann, Michaela Scherr, Roderick AF MacLeod, Hans G Drexler
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

NK- and T-cells are closely related lymphocytes, originating from the same early progenitor cells during hematopoiesis. In these differentiation processes deregulation of developmental genes may contribute to leukemogenesis. Here, we compared expression profiles of NK- and T-cell lines for identification of aberrantly expressed genes in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) which physiologically regulate the differentiation program of the NK-cell lineage.This analysis showed high expression levels of HOXA9, HOXA10 and ID2 in NK-cell lines in addition to T-cell line LOUCY, suggesting leukemic deregulation therein. Overexpression experiments, chromatin immuno-precipitation and promoter analysis demonstrated that HOXA9 and HOXA10 directly activated expression of ID2. Concomitantly elevated expression levels of HOXA9 and HOXA10 together with ID2 in cell lines containing MLL translocations confirmed this form of regulation in both ALL and acute myeloid leukemia. Overexpression of HOXA9, HOXA10 or ID2 resulted in repressed expression of apoptosis factor BIM. Furthermore, profiling data of genes coding for chromatin regulators of homeobox genes, including components of polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), indicated lacking expression of EZH2 in LOUCY and exclusive expression of HOP in NK-cell lines. Subsequent treatment of T-cell lines JURKAT and LOUCY with DZNep, an inhibitor of EZH2/PRC2, resulted in elevated and unchanged HOXA9/10 expression levels, respectively. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of EZH2 in JURKAT enhanced HOXA10 expression, confirming HOXA10-repression by EZH2. Additionally, profiling data and overexpression analysis indicated that reduced expression of E2F cofactor TFDP1 contributed to the lack of EZH2 in LOUCY. Forced expression of HOP in JURKAT cells resulted in reduced HOXA10 and ID2 expression levels, suggesting enhancement of PRC2 repression.Our results show that major differentiation factors of the NK-cell lineage, including HOXA9, HOXA10 and ID2, were (de)regulated via PRC2 which therefore contributes to T-cell leukemogenesis.
Health effects of high level exposure to traditional pollutants in East Germany--review and ongoing research.
Authors: H E Wichmann, J Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

In East Germany ambient air pollution is characterized by high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and suspended particulates (SP). Since acidity and sulfate are surprisingly low, oxidation of SO2 seems to be incomplete and neutralization seems to play an important role. Few studies on health effects of air pollution in the former German Democratic Republic have been performed. They showed an increased prevalence in polluted areas of respiratory symptoms, lung function decrement, mild anemia, nonspecific stimulation of the immune system and, retardation of skeletal maturation of children. Since the German unification in 1990, several large-scale studies have been started. Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality have been investigated in Erfurt retrospectively for 1980 to 1989. Logarithmic exposure-effect curves have been found for both SO2 and SP. The number of deaths increased by about 10% with SO2 and by more than 20% with SP if the 95th percentile of the pollutant is compared to the 5th percentile. The logarithmic shape shows that the increase of ambient concentrations at the beginning of the heating season in fall is more important than further increases in concentrations later in winter. A second study on short-term effects was conducted using daily peak flow measurements and respiratory symptoms in 270 patients with asthma and other obstructive airway diseases in East Germany and the Czech Republic between 1990 and 1992. From regression analysis it follows that an increase by 500 micrograms/m3 of SO2 leads to a mean decrease of the average patient's peak flow below 2%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ventricular Septal Rupture after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yochai Birnbaum, Michael C. Fishbein, Carlos Blanche, Robert J. Siegel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

When ventricular septal rupture complicates acute myocardial infarction, the mortality rate is high and immediate operative intervention is indicated. This review explains that septal rupture has become less common with reperfusion therapy but that rapid diagnosis remains crucial. Doppler echocardiography is usually diagnostic and can be used to estimate the size of the left-to-right shunt.
Successful treatment of progressive diffuse PEComatosis
Authors: Kay Lawson, Toby M. Maher, David M. Hansell, Andrew G. Nicholson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

To the Editors:

A 43-yr-old, nonsmoking female undergoing gynaecological surgery for menorrhagia was noted to have reduced arterial oxygen saturation and, on direct questioning, reported longstanding, mild, exercise-limiting dyspnoea. Treatment with inhaled bronchodilators had had no effect on her symptoms. Over the succeeding 2 yrs she developed progressive dyspnoea with corresponding deterioration in exercise tolerance. At that time, standard section computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse changes that were considered nonspecific, consisting of difficult-to-characterise opacities without zonal predominance; specifically, there were no conspicuous cysts. The features were suggestive of an infiltrative process and lung function assessment disclosed a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 2.12 L (80% predicted), forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.66 L (88% pred) and transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide ( T L,CO) of 49% pred. A surgical lung biopsy was performed. Ultrasound of the kidneys disclosed no abnormality; specifically, there was no evidence of angiomyolipoma.

Lung histology showed an interstitial proliferation of cytologically bland, mainly rounded cells with predominantly clear cytoplasm (fig. 1a) and without obvious mitotic activity. In areas, these cells formed nodules in the alveolar parenchyma, while elsewhere, the proliferation was more diffuse. Focally, the cells showed a more spindled morphology, having blunt-ended nuclei and moderate volumes of eosinophilic cytoplasm (fig. 1b), a characteristic of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). All cells were positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and desmin, with focal positivity for HMB45. They were also positive for progesterone and oestrogen receptors. A periodic acid–Schiff stain for glycogen was focally positive. Following clinicopathological review, it was felt that the lack of imaging features characteristic of LAM, the lack of S-100 positivity characteristic of a …
THE TECHNIC OF MEDICATION
Authors: BERNARD FANTUS
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>PERORAL ADMINISTRATION OF SOLIDS</h3> Solid dosage forms are becoming more and more popular because of their portability, concentration, accuracy of dosage, convenience of administration and ease with which objectionable taste and odors may be disguised. It is a good rule not to prescribe medicines in liquid form when they can just as well be prescribed in solid form excepting, of course, for children and those who cannot swallow pills. Pills or capsules should probably not be prescribed for patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer. Solid preparations are of especial importance for the administration of water-insoluble or slightly soluble drugs. For these, liquid mixtures are objectionable because they are unsightly and, by reason of sedimentation, inaccurate in dosage. Through choice of the proper kind of preparation, it is possible to make the medicament expend most of its action on certain parts of the digestive tract. Lozenges, in being dissolved in the
Tc-99m sestamibi (MiBi) defect magnitude during dobutamine stress underestimates the magnitude of ischemia in dogs with mild coronary stenoses
Authors: Mirta Ruiz, Dennis A. Cainon, Hiwot Desta, William H. Smith, Denny D. Watson, George A. Beller, David K. Giover
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract 5742: Up-regulation of mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 in cancer precursors associated with chronic inflammation
Authors: Ru Chen, Sheng Pan, Mary Bronner, Keith Lai, David A. Crispin, Lisa A. Lai, Teresa A. Brentnall
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that predisposes to colorectal cancer. In chronic UC patients, the colon epithelium undergoes repeated cycles of inflammation and tissue repair, resulting in oxidative stress and accumulation of reactive oxidative species (ROS). Excessive ROS can cause oxidative stress, which may subsequently lead to damage in DNA, proteins and lipids. Using proteomics analysis of colonic mucosa from UC patients with neoplasia, we identified TNF receptor-associated protein 1(TRAP1) in the UC cancer precursors. TRAP1 is a mitochondrial chaperone which protects against oxidative stress and apoptosis. We further investigated TRAP1 in the progression of UC-associated colorectal cancer using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Quantification of protein oxidation in the colonic epithelia revealed that oxidative stress was present in the colonic mucosa in both UC patients with dysplasia/cancer (progressors) and UC patients without dysplasia/cancer (non-progressors). However, TRAP1 was only up-regulated in UC progressors, but not in the non-progressors. Moreover, up-regulation of TRAP1 preceded the histological changes: it was present in both the dysplastic and non-dysplastic tissue of the UC progressors. We then investigated the cellular proteome changes underlying oxidative stress, and found that up-regulation of TRAP1 could be induced by oxidative stress. These results suggest that UC cancer arises in the setting of oxidative stress. Such oxidative stress subsequently induces the cytoprotective protein TRAP1. TRAP1 in turn appears to promote cancer progression by preventing the oxidative-damaged epithelial cells from undergoing apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5742. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5742
EPIDERMAL CELL REPLACEMENT: TOPOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS IN ALBINO GUINEA-PIG SKIN
Authors: E. CHRISTOPHERS, V. PETZOLD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— The thickness of ear epidermis in normal albino guinea-pigs is 60% higher than that of back epidermis. The proliferative activity measured by DNA-synthesizing cells is equal in both body regions. Cytokinetic analysis of the upward movement of 3H-Thymidine-labelled cells revealed a transit time of about 8 days on the back and about 14 days on the ear. It is concluded that cell differentiation proceeds much more slowly in ear epidermis thus bringing about the increase in the cell population. No difference was found between systemic and intradermal injection of 3H-Thymidine.
Health Services Research: A Working Model
Authors: Barbara Starfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Studies of the nature and effectiveness of health services often limit themselves to components of the system without considering all the pertinent variables that affect outcome of health care. Health-services research, however, could use a conceptual model that recognizes the four determinants of health status: the genetic makeup of patients, their behavior, medical practice and the environment. The components of medical practice, in turn, are structural (e.g., personnel, facilities, organization and financing) and functional (e.g., problem recognition, diagnosis and therapy). The interaction of the functional aspects of medical practice and of the behavior of patients constitutes the process of care. A formulation of health-services research along these lines permits an integrated view of structure, process and outcome, as well as taking into account physician-patient interaction. (N Engl J Med 289:132–136, 1973)
Vaccination of Infants Against Influenza With Polyvalent Influenza Hemagglutinin
Authors: Albert V. Hennessy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

LITTLE information is available on the amount of antigen and the number of doses necessary to induce antibody levels in young infants receiving influenza virus vaccine. The reason is that the very high frequency and severity of reactions to potent whole virus vaccines in infants and young children has restricted their use in these age groups.<sup>1</sup> However, it has been demonstrated that as much as 500 chick-cell agglutination (CCA) units of influenza hemagglutinin vaccine, prepared by extraction of virus with ether followed by precipitation of nucleoprotein with lanthanum acetate, can be given to older infants (1 to 2 years old) and preschool children without induction of fever. Furthermore, hemagglutinin vaccine is highly antigenic in children and adults.<sup>2,3</sup> In light of this, a study was initiated on the antibody response and tolerance of young infants to graded doses of polyvalent influenza hemagglutinin vaccine. The results constitute the body of
Effect of Clopidogrel on Arteriovenous Fistulas for Dialysis
Authors: Raghav Wusirika, Panduranga Rao
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer patterns in the oil shale area of the Estonian S.S.R.
Authors: M Purde, M Rahu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Age-adjusted incidence rates of stomach, lung, and skin cancer among urban (1967-1972) and rural (1963-1972) population of four administrative districts in the Estonian S.S.R. have been presented. In the Kohtla-Järve district (oil shale area) there was an excess of stomach and lung cancer. High rates of stomach cancer in towns and boroughs of oil shale area may be explained by migration. A great proportion of migrants comes from regions, where incidence rates are 1.6-2.5. times higher than among estonians. Elevated levels of stomach cancer incidence in rural areas of Kohtla-Järva district remained unexplainable. In a retrospective cohort study of 2069 workers who had been exposed to oil shale products from 10 to 20 years an excess of skin cancer in females was found.
How Reliable Are <i>BRCA1/2</i> Mutation Estimates?
Authors: Monica R. McClain, Glenn E. Palomaki, James E. Haddow
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

To the Editor:Malone et al. (1) recently reported the clinical sensitivity (prevalence) for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation testing in a population-based cohort of Caucasian and African-American women with breast cancer. The carrier rates of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the general population were reported as well. We have developed an approach that integrates these two epidemiologic parameters with two others: cumulative incidence of breast cancer in the general population and penetrance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (2, 3). We applied this approach to their data to test the plausibility of their parameter estimates.They report a clinical sensitivity and carrier frequency for BRCA1 mutations of 2.4% and 0.06% (1 in 1,667), respectively. We estimated the cumulative incidence of breast cancer in all women by age 65 (5.8%), taking into account the racial distribution of their cases (DevCan 6.1.1).11http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan/ Together, these three parameters can be used to derive the fourth parameter: penetrance of BRCA1 mutations (penetrance was not reported by Malone et al.). Our calculated penetrance of >200% is not plausible and indicates that one or more of the other three parameters are not correct. Using the same approach, the penetrance estimate for BRCA2 mutations is 33%, a plausible, but lower, estimate than found in our report (2).Their methodology for estimating the mutation carrier frequencies is not described, nor are confidence intervals provided. We question their statement that these carrier frequencies are compatible with earlier estimates. The BRCA1 mutation carrier rate of 1 in 1,667 is considerably lower than the 1 in 800 to 1 in 1,400 contained in the literature (2), whereas the BRCA2 mutation carrier rate is higher (1 in 250 versus 1 in 300 to 1 in 450). These inconsistencies suggest two possibilities for Malone's findings: (a) existing estimates for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carrier frequencies should be revised, or (b) one or more biases are present (e.g., sampling bias or weighting bias). More information is needed from the authors to document the need for the first. Until then, the findings should be interpreted with caution.
Localized granuloma annulare is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: M.F. MUHLEMANN, D.R.R. WILLIAMS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 557 patients with granuloma annulare (GA) has been assessed by a retrospective study, using age-matched population data. A definite association was confirmed between GA and insulin-dependent diabetes with 16 observed cases compared with 0.9 expected, and in all but one case the diabetes was associated with the localized form of GA. Two further cases developed insulin-dependent diabetes within 5 years of presentation with GA.
Allelic Association of Human Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene in Alcoholism
Authors: A. G. Motulsky
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The rationale, design, and biologic significance of association studies of genetic markers in disease need to be understood to evaluate claims for the role of a dopamine receptor gene in alcoholism.<sup>1</sup> A DNA variant or restriction fragment length polymorphism for a dopamine-2 receptor gene has been described.<sup>2</sup>The frequencies of allele 1 and allele 2 were 0.24 and 0.76, respectively, in a normal population. The probe used and extensive knowledge about the sites of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in DNA suggest that this alteration affects<i>noncoding</i>DNA. Such DNA markers are frequent and usually have no biologic function. Blum et al<sup>1</sup>used this probe in 35 brain DNA specimens from nonalcoholics and found allele 1 and 2 frequencies of 0.13 and 0.87, respectively. In contrast, among brain samples from 35 alcoholics the frequencies of allele 1 and allele 2 were 0.37 and 0.63, respectively. Based