tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastric cancer cell lines lack Fas ligand (FasL) expression but kill T cells via a FasL independent pathway Reply
Authors: I TINHOFER
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—Bennett et al ( Gut 1999; 44 :156–162) reported that in each of 30 paraffin wax specimens of human gastric adenocarcinomas, FasL mRNA and protein co-localised to neoplastic epithelial cells. TUNEL staining revealed that a high number of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) displayed apoptotic features. From these results and from their findings of FasL expression in human colon1 and oesophageal cancer,2 the authors propose that FasL might be a mediator of immune privilege in gastrointestinal cancers. We studied intrinsic FasL expression in gastric cancer cell lines derived from primary (RF-1, SNU-1) or from metastatic sites (SNU-16, Kato-III , N-87, RF-48). We did not detect FasL mRNA or protein in any of the six cell lines analysed by RT-PCR and by flow cytometry (table1).3 4 We then performed the JAM assay to rule out the presence of a functional FasL expression below the detection limit of our assays.5 Although we found that gastric cancer cells were able to induce DNA fragmentation in the Fas sensitive T-acute lymphocytic leukaemia cell line CEM-C7H2 (fig 1A), blocking FasL on the effector cell site did not reduce the extent of cytotoxicity. This result was confirmed by replacing the target cell line by a subclone stably expressing the viral cowpox protein crmA, which inhibits activation of caspases 1 and 8 and thereby mediates resistance to Fas triggering (fig1B).6 View this table: Table 1 Expression of FasL and Fas in gastric cancer cell lines and their sensitivity toward Fas triggering by the CH11 monoclonal antibody Figure 1 CEM-C7H2 T-acute lymphocytic leukaemia cells are killed by gastric carcinoma cell lines via a FasL independent pathway. (A) CEM-C7H2 target cells were incubated with 10 μCi/ml [3H]-thymidine for 16 hours and cocultivated with the gastric cancer cell lines at a target:effector ratio of 1:10. … Professor Shanahan, Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University Hospital, Cork, Ireland Professor Shanahan, Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
Trusts are failing to implement guidance on improving their staff's health
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A review of the extent to which NHS trusts in England have implemented guidance to help tackle health problems in the workplace has found that less than a sixth of trusts (42 of 282 (15%)) have a policy or plan in place to tackle obesity among their staff and only a third provide weight management programmes. 

The audit, carried out by the Royal College of Physicians and the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, the body that sets standards and certifies training in occupational medicine in the United Kingdom, looked at how trusts had responded to six sets of guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on health in the workplace. These include guidance …
Decreased tolerance to heroin.
Authors: J. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1968)

We have recently encountered one such case in a boy aged four years with pneumonia from whose throat swab adenovirus type 7 was isolated.His sera on 9th, 21st, and 37th days of illness gave complement fixation titres for adenovirus of 1/256, 1/4,096, and 1/2,048 respectively; the titre for Q fever (phase 2) showed a rapid rise and fall, the corresponding figures being <1/8, 1/128, and <1/8 respectively.-Weare, etc.,
The management of open tibial shaft fractures
Authors: N. Al-Hadithy, A. Panagiotidou
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 28 year old cyclist was hit by a car in a road traffic incident. It was a side on collision, and his left leg was caught between a bollard and the bumper of the car. The saloon car had been travelling at 30 miles per hour (48 km/h). The cyclist’s left leg had been trapped for 10 minutes before being freed. He had no medical history, was taking no drugs, and had no allergies.

On arrival at the emergency department, he was managed according to the advanced trauma life support protocol with a primary survey. His cervical spine was immobilised, his airway was clear, breathing was normal with saturations of 100%, and he was haemodynamically stable, with a Glasgow coma scale of 15 out of 15. He had an 11 cm wound over the anterior part of the left lower leg with an open tibia fracture (fig 1⇓). He was neurovascularly intact with a capillary refill of less than 2 seconds. A trauma series was ordered with additional radiographs for the affected limb.



Fig 1 Left leg with open tibial shaft fracture held in a gutter splint



### 1 How would you classify this injury?

#### Short answer

Open fracture of the tibia, Gustilo-Anderson type 3b.

#### Long answer

Tibial shaft fractures are the most common long bone fracture and usually affect the fibula too. The highest incidence is in young men—8 per 100 000 persons.1 These fractures usually occur as a result of a high energy impact, and the most common causes are sports injuries and road traffic injuries.2

The Gustilo-Anderson classification describes the contamination, neurovascular status, and soft …
Natriuretic peptides inhibit angiotensin II-induced proliferation of rat cardiac fibroblasts by blocking endothelin-1 gene expression.
Authors: H Fujisaki, H Ito, Y Hirata, M Tanaka, M Hata, M Lin, S Adachi, H Akimoto, F Marumo, M Hiroe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The present study was aimed to test the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) as a possible autocrine/paracrine growth factor for cardiac fibroblasts, and to examine its interaction with cardiac natriuretic hormones. Expression of preproET-1 (ppET-1) mRNA by cultured cardiac fibroblasts from neonatal rats was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis using cDNA for rat ppET-1 as a probe. Angiotensin II (ANG II) and ET-1 transiently (30 min) increased steady-state ppET-1 mRNA levels in cardiac fibroblasts. Both ET-1 and ANG II significantly stimulated [3H] thymidine incorporation into cardiac fibroblasts, whose effects were dose-dependently inhibited by an ETA receptor antagonist (BQ123), BQ123 also inhibited both ET-1- and ANG II-induced ppET-1 mRNA expression. Both atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP), which activate particulate guanylate cyclase, inhibited ppET-1 mRNA expression and [3H]thymidine incorporation stimulated by ANG II and ET-1. Sodium nitroprusside, a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, and 8-bromocyclic GMP, a membrane-permeable cGMP derivative, similarly inhibited ppET-1 mRNA expression and [3H]-thymidine incorporation. BNP was more potent than ANP to inhibit ANG II- and ET-1-stimulated DNA synthesis, whereas BNP and ANP were almost equipotent in stimulating cGMP generation in cardiac fibroblasts. Our data demonstrated that ANG II and ET-1 upregulate ET-1 gene expression in rat cardiac fibroblasts partly via cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism, and that natriuretic peptides inhibit ANG II-stimulated proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts, possibly by inhibiting ET-1 gene expression. Our data suggest the possible role of endogenous ET-1 as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor for cardiac fibroblasts and its close interaction with natriuretic peptides in the regulation of cardiac fibrosis.
The effect of intermittent versus continuous energy restriction on biomarkers of breast cancer risk.
Authors: M Harvie, M Chapman, J Cuzick, A Flyvbjerg, S Jebb, M Mattson, A Howell
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #506 Excess energy, whether it is the form of high energy diets or low energy expenditure (sedentary lifestyle), is a risk factor for breast cancer. Observational studies show that continuous energy restriction (CER) and exercise reduce risk, particularly of postmenopausal breast cancer. Animal data indicate that intermittent energy restriction (IER) may be superior or at least as effective as continuous energy restriction in preventing or reducing the growth rate of mammary tumours. IER may also be more acceptable than CER which has been difficult to implement.&amp;#x2028; We have tested the effectiveness and acceptability of IER and have performed a randomised trial of IER (n=53) versus CER (n=54) in overweight or obese premenopausal women. Energy restriction was 25% in both arms. IER subjects had approximately 550 kcal on 2 days per week and add lib food on other days; CER subjects had approximately 1500 kcal / day over 7 days. Nineteen women (18 %) withdrew from the study before 6 months (IER = 12, CER = 7, main reasons: stress = 4, pregnancy = 3, change in employment = 3, couldn't stick to diet = 3).&amp;#x2028; Change in weight and biomarkers for last observation carried forward are reported.&amp;#x2028; At 6 months. Both IER and CER are effective for loss of weight -7.9 vs. - 6.7% P = 0.26 and waist circumference -6.3 vs. -5% P = 0.13, and for lowering serum levels of leptin -43.3 vs. -39.8% P = 0.53; C – reactive protein -14.8 vs.-20.3% P = 0.15 and free androgen index -9.8 vs.-14.4% P = 0.90. Both IER and CER increased circulating levels of sex hormone binding globulin + 18.1 vs. 10.8% P = 0.51, and plasma adiponectin +11 vs. +1% P = 0.09. IER is better at lowering insulin resistance at 6 months than CER -29.6 vs. -15.3 % P &amp;lt;0.05.&amp;#x2028; These data indicate that 2 days IER gives similar results to CER with respect to weight loss and many of the risk parameters measured and may be an alternative approach to continuous energy restriction. The superior reductions in insulin resistance with IER which may be related to periods of very low calorie intake (approximately 70% restriction). We are waiting data of the effects of IER vs. CER on the IGF-1 axis and oxidative stress. Future studies will investigate the mechanism of IER, its optimal duration and its influence on mammary cell function. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 506.
A systematic review of sensorimotor function during adolescence: a developmental stage of increased motor awkwardness?
Authors: Catherine C Quatman-Yates, Carmen E Quatman, Andrew J Meszaros, Mark V Paterno, Timothy E Hewett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Although adolescent motor awkwardness and increased injury susceptibility have often been speculated and researched, studies regarding adolescent regressions in motor control have yielded inconsistent conclusions. Thus, the relationship between adolescent maturation and injury risk remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature relative to two questions: (1) Which sensorimotor mechanisms are not fully mature by the time children reach adolescence? and (2) Is adolescence a period when children exhibit delays or regressions in sensorimotor mechanisms? Methods Systematic searches for keywords were performed in February 2010 using PubMed MEDLINE (from 1966), CINAHL (from 1982) and SPORTDiscus (from 1985) databases. Articles were reviewed relative to predetermined criteria, and the methodological quality of each included study was assessed. Results The search identified 2304 studies, of which 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. All 33 identified studies provided results associated with Question 1, 6 of which also yielded results pertaining to Question 2. The search results indicated that many aspects of sensorimotor function continue to mature throughout adolescence, and at least some children experience delays or regressions in at least some sensorimotor mechanisms. The results also exposed several significant weaknesses in our knowledge base. Conclusion The identified knowledge gaps are critical barriers because they hinder methods for identifying children at high risk and diminish the efficacy of targeted prevention programmes. Implications regarding research on adolescent injury risk are discussed and recommendations for future research such as improved methodological designs and integration of non-linear analyses are provided.
Screening for Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Roy B. Lacoursiere
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Tennant and coinvestigators (242:533, 1979) in  for Drug and Alcohol Abuse in a General Medical Population used a checklist inquiring about  problem and drug abuse and a physical examination to find a 2% incidence of alcohol problems. Screening of a general medical population would be expected to find an incidence of alcoholism of 5% to 10% or more, so either their method had excessive false-negatives, or their population was unusually low in alcohol problems. For the physician wishing to screen for alcohol problems, there are easy methods that can be used that will usually have a higher payoff.  The easiest screening method is to ask the patient directly if he or she has any problems from the use of alcohol, and if the response is negative, then ask if the spouse complains about the drinking.1Even patients who answer negatively to the direct question
Type 1 Diabetes and Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Perspectives on the News commentaries are now part of a new, free monthly CME activity. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, is designating this activity for 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 credits. If you wish to participate, review this article and visit www.diabetes.procampus.net to complete a posttest and receive a certificate. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. 

This is the third in a series of articles based on presentations at the American Diabetes Association’s 67th Scientific Sessions, 22–26 June 2007, in Chicago, discussing aspects of type 1 diabetes and new approaches to glucose monitoring.

George King (Boston, MA) discussed the Joslin award for documented type 1 diabetes of at least 50 years duration. The program, which began in 1970, has awarded more than 2,100 medals so far, comprising 0.05% of individuals with type 1 diabetes in the U.S. Of the medalists, 14 have had diabetes for at least 75 years. The mean age is 71 years for males and 68 years for females, with diabetes for 58 and 57 years, respectively; mean ages of onset are 14 and 12 years, respectively. Their average A1C levels are 7% and 7.2% for men and women, and 45 and 48%, respectively, have no significant evidence of eye, kidney, or nerve disease. Of the 211 who were more closely evaluated, at mean age 67 years, age was 11 years at diagnosis, their mean BMI was 25 kg/m2, and triglycerides 66, HDL 62, and LDL 84 mg/dl. Of this group, 44% have no to mild nonproliferative retinopathy, with <2 microaneurisms, 7% have moderate-to-severe nonproliferative retinopathy, and 49% have proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Complications did not correlate with C-peptide or HLA type, and …
Cirrhosis of the Liver and Mallory's Bodies Without Alcoholism
Authors: Bruce Rothschild
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article on humility (1982;247:3193) brought to mind an experience I had several years ago. A well-liked physician on our staff was admitted for evaluation of hepatomegaly. The liver biopsy specimen disclosed cirrhosis and Mallory's bodies. We knew this physician socially and could attest to his abstinence from alcoholic beverages. The result of the grand rounds on his case was the impression that Mallory's bodies might not be pathognomonic for alcoholic liver disease. Support for that assessment can be found in an article by Roche-Sicot and Benhamou,<sup>1</sup>which described a 13-year-old patient with Wilson's disease. Much of my internship was devoted to gaining a perspective for validated information. Much of medicine is, perhaps, predicated on assumptions. As an intern, I was often challenged by my attending physicians to identify the published data on which a "standard textbook" statement was based. It was not uncommon to
Primary cutaneous mucormycosis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: O.A. Kerr, C. Bong, C. Wallis, M.J. Tidman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Primary cutaneous mucormycosis masquerading as pyoderma gangrenosum Get access O.A. Kerr, O.A. Kerr Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. *Department of Anaesthetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K. E‐mail: olgakerr@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Bong, C. Bong Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. *Department of Anaesthetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K. E‐mail: olgakerr@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Wallis, C. Wallis Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. *Department of Anaesthetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K. E‐mail: olgakerr@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. Tidman M.J. Tidman Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. *Department of Anaesthetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, U.K. E‐mail: olgakerr@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 6, 1 June 2004, Pages 1212–1213, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05826.x Published: 01 June 2004
High concentrations of heavy metals in neighborhoods near ore smelters in northern Mexico.
Authors: A L Benin, J D Sargent, M Dalton, S Roda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In developing countries, rapid industrialization without environmental controls has resulted in heavy metal contamination of communities. We hypothesized that residential neighborhoods located near ore industries in three northern Mexican cities would be heavily polluted with multiple contaminants (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) and that these sites would be point sources for the heavy metals. To evaluate these hypotheses, we obtained samples of roadside surface dust from residential neighborhoods within 2 m of metal smelters [Torreón (n = 19)] and Chihuahua (n = 19)] and a metal refinery [Monterrey (n = 23)]. Heavy metal concentrations in dust were mapped with respect to distance from the industrial sites. Correlation between dust metal concentration and distance was estimated with least-squares regression using log-transformed data. Median dust arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations were 32, 10, and 277 microg/g, respectively, in Chihuahua; 42, 2, and 467 microg/g, respectively, in Monterrey, and 113, 112, and 2,448 microg/g, respectively, in Torreón. Dust concentrations of all heavy metals were significantly higher around the active smelter in Torreón, where more than 90% of samples exceeded Superfund cleanup goals. At all sites, dust concentrations were inversely related to distance from the industrial source, implicating these industries as the likely source of the contamination. We concluded that residential neighborhoods around metal smelting and refining sites in these three cities are contaminated by heavy metals at concentrations likely to pose a health threat to people living nearby. Evaluations of human exposure near these sites should be conducted. Because multiple heavy metal pollutants may exist near smelter sites, researchers should avoid attributing toxicity to one heavy metal unless others have been measured and shown not to coexist.
Distribution and ultrastructural characteristics of Feyrter cells in the rat and hamster airway epithelium.
Authors: N A Edmondson, D J Lewis
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Feyrter cells were found both singly and in groups at all levels of the respiratory tract studied in both rats and Syrian golden hamsters. Particularly large and prominent groups of Feyrter cells were present at bronchiolar bifurcations and bronchiolar-alveolar junctions. Single Feyrter cells were also found throughout the respiratory tract, but their distribution appeared entirely random. In all cases examined the groups of Feyrter cells were overlaid by intermediate and serous secretory epithelial cells. Occasionally small areas of the Feyrter cells were exposed to the airway lumen. Small canaliculi-like intercellular spaces were present between adjacent Feyrter cells. Single unmyelinated axons which contained neurotubules, mitochondria, and vesicles were occasionally seen in close association with Feyrter cells.
Regulation of Gene Expression by Lithium and Depletion of Inositol in Slices of Adult Rat Cortex
Authors: Philip E. Brandish, Ming Su, Daniel J. Holder, Paul Hodor, John Szumiloski, Robert R. Kleinhanz, Jaime E. Forbes, Mollie E. McWhorter, Sven J. Duenwald, Mark L. Parrish, Sang Na, Yuan Liu, Robert L. Phillips, John J. Renger, Sethu Sankaranarayanan, Adam J. Simon, Edward M. Scolnick
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Emphasize the Effect of Methylphenidate on Brain Function in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Research
Authors: Rongfeng Qi, Long Jiang Zhang, Guang Ming Lu
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

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Treatment of port-wine stains during childhood with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser
Authors: Blas A. Reyes, Roy Geronemus
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

Seventy-three patients between the ages of 3 months to 14 years (average age 6 years 2 months) with port-wine stains were treated with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser. More than 75% lightening was achieved with an average of 2.5 treatments in 33 patients (45%), 50% to 74% lightening after an average of 1.7 treatments in 31 (42%), 26% to 49% lightening after 2 treatments in 5 (7%), and less than 25% lightening after 1 treatment in 4 (5%). The overall average lightening after one treatment was 53%. The percentage of lightening increased as the number of treatments increased. Three patients had 100% clearance of the port-wine stain. Patients aged between 3 months and 6 years (44 patients) had a better response after the first treatment (55% lightening) than did patients aged between 7 and 14 years (29 patients with a 48% lightening; p = 0.027). Complications included cutaneous depressions in four patients, hyperpigmentation in 16 patients, and hypopigmentation in three patients. All complications were transient and disappeared completely.