tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Second Opinions for Aortocoronary Bypass Grafting Are Beneficial
Authors: Henry D. McIntosh
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In 1978, in a review of the experience during the first decade with aortocoronary bypass grafting (ACBG),<sup>1</sup>we reported that "with the exception of left main coronary artery disease and possibly other subsets of patients... there was inadequate data to justify the premise that ACBG prolongs life." We concluded the review by emphasizing that "despite a decade of experience, embracing 300 000 or more operations, indications for the use of ACBG remain controversial." In 1984, Bourassa and colleagues<sup>2</sup>reported that there was extensive progression of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries and bypass grafts ten years after surgery. Only about 60% of the grafts remained patent; of those, 45% showed angiographic evidence of atherosclerosis and 70% of those lesions reduced the luminal diameter by 50% or more. They concluded that "because of these progressive late changes, ACBG should probably remain limited to patients with incapacitating anginal syndromes and with severe
Perception of Lung Cancer among the General Population and Comparison with Other Cancers
Authors: Julien Mazières, Jean-Louis Pujol, Nikos Kalampalikis, Diane Bouvry, Elisabeth Quoix, Thomas Filleron, Nathalie Targowla, Denise Jodelet, Julie Milia, Bernard Milleron
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Science Education Program Begins for Minority Students
Authors: C. K. Wittenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Science Education Program Begins for Minority Students Get access Clarissa K. Wittenberg Clarissa K. Wittenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 16, 15 August 1990, Page 1318, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.16.1318 Published: 15 August 1990
High frequency epicardial echocardiography for coronary artery evaluation: In vitro and in vivo validation of arterial lumen and wall thickness measurements
Authors: David D. McPherson, Mark Armstrong, Earl Rose, Robert A. Kieso, Marge Megan, Michelle Hunt, Pamela Hite, Melvin L. Marcus, Richard E. Kerber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Health inequalities under New Labour
Authors: Madhavi Bajekal, Allan Baker
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Health inequalities under New Labour Relative rather than absolute gaps are important over time and placeEditor-We agree with Shaw et al that the method of measuring inequality in health outcomes used in setting the government targets is problematic (A Low, UKPHA (UK Public Health Association), 13th annual public health forum, Gateshead, April 2005). 1 However, the government's targets are based on reducing relative gaps in life expectancy and infant mortality. 2 The slope index of inequality (SII) used by Shaw et al measures absolute gaps.
Multicentre European study for the treatment of advanced emphysema with bronchial valves
Authors: Vincent Ninane, Christian Geltner, Michela Bezzi, Pierfranco Foccoli, Jens Gottlieb, Tobias Welte, Luis Seijo, Javier J. Zulueta, Mohammed Munavvar, Antoni Rosell, Marta Lopez, Paul W. Jones, Harvey O. Coxson, Steven C. Springmeyer, Xavier Gonzalez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

This multicentre, blinded, sham-controlled study was performed to assess the safety and effectiveness of bronchial valve therapy using a bilateral upper lobe treatment approach without the goal of lobar atelectasis. Patients with upper lobe predominant severe emphysema were randomised to bronchoscopy with (n=37) or without (n=36) IBV Valves for a 3-month blinded phase. A positive responder was defined as having both a ≥4-point improvement in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and a lobar volume shift as measured by quantitative computed tomography. At 3 months, there were eight (24%) positive responders in the treated group <i>versus</i> none (0%) in the control group (p=0.002). Also, there was a significant shift in volume in the treated group from the upper lobes (mean±sd -7.3±9.0%) to the non-treated lobes (6.7±14.5%), with minimal change in the control group (p&lt;0.05). Mean SGRQ total score improved in both groups (treatment: -4.3±16.2; control: -3.6±10.7). The procedure and devices were well tolerated and there were no differences in adverse events reported in the treatment and control groups. Treatment with bronchial valves without complete lobar occlusion in both upper lobes was safe, but not effective in the majority of patients.
Flow (Shear Stress)–Induced Endothelium-Dependent Dilation Is Altered in Mice Lacking the Gene Encoding for Dystrophin
Authors: Laurent Loufrani, Khalid Matrougui, Diane Gorny, Micheline Duriez, Isabelle Blanc, Bernard I. Lévy, Daniel Henrion
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Dystrophin has a key role in striated muscle mechanotransduction of physical forces. Although cytoskeletal elements play a major role in the mechanotransduction of pressure and flow in vascular cells, the role of dystrophin in vascular function has not yet been investigated. Thus, we studied endothelial and muscular responses of arteries isolated from mice lacking dystrophin (mdx mice). Methods and Results —Carotid and mesenteric resistance arteries 120 μm in diameter were isolated and mounted in vitro in an arteriograph to control intraluminal pressure and flow. Blood pressure was not affected by the absence of dystrophin. Pressure-induced (myogenic), phenylephrine-induced, and KCl-induced forms of tone were unchanged. Flow (shear stress)–induced dilation in arteries isolated from mdx mice was decreased by 50% to 60%, whereas dilation to acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside was unaffected. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester–sensitive flow dilation was also decreased in arteries from mdx mice. Thus, the absence of dystrophin was associated with a defect in signal transduction of shear stress. Dystrophin was present in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as shown by immunolocalization, and localized at the level of the plasma membrane, as seen by confocal microscopy of perfused isolated arteries. Conclusions —This is the first functional study of arteries lacking the gene for dystrophin. Vascular reactivity was normal, with the exception of flow-induced dilation. Thus, dystrophin could play a specific role in shear-stress mechanotransduction in arterial endothelial cells. Organ damage in such diseases as Duchenne dystrophy might be aggravated by such a defective arterial response to flow.
Lack of modification of virological status after chemotherapy or radiotherapy for classic Kaposi's sarcoma
Authors: B. Guillot, M.J. Carles, V. Foulongne, O. Dereure, M. Ramuz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 146, Issue 2 p. 337-338 Lack of modification of virological status after chemotherapy or radiotherapy for classic Kaposi's sarcoma First published: 09 April 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.4653_7.xCitations: 5Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume146, Issue2February 2002Pages 337-338 RelatedInformation
THE TREATMENT OF THE FIRST STAGE OF ACUTE LOBAR PNEUMONIA.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine and Physiology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C, May 5-8, 1891.
Authors: J. W. SMALL
Journal: JAMA (1891)

In an editorial article in one of our leading medical journals an eminent writer has recently said that the  of acute lobar pneumonia is still a reproach to our art, even more so than phthisis pulmonalis, and there is no subject which deserves more earnest study. To the truth of this statement every practical physician who reads the current literature upon this subject can testify. The pathology of this disease is indeed very well understood, but the diversities in the methods of treatment applied are almost as many as the physicians who employ them.  In presenting this subject for your consideration in this paper, I propose to deal only with the first stage, or that preceding the stage of red hepatization. The very simple treatment outlined does not, indeed, do any harm, but often much good, if used after the affected portion of the lung is solidified, but of
DNA Polymorphism at the FRIGIDA Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana: Extensive Nonsynonymous Variation Is Consistent with Local Selection for Flowering Time
Authors: Valérie Le Corre, Fabrice Roux, Xavier Reboud
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

FRIGIDA (FRI) is a major gene involved in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleotide variation at this gene was investigated by sequencing 25 field ecotypes collected from western Europe. Genetic diversity at FRI was characterized by a high number of haplotypes and an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms. A large excess of intraspecific nonsynonymous variation associated with low synonymous variation was detected along the first exon in the FRI gene. In contrast, no excess of nonsynonymous divergence was detected between A. thaliana and A. lyrata. The Tajima and McDonald and Kreitman tests, however, suggested that this gene has evolved in a nonneutral fashion. Nonsynonymous variation included eight loss-of-function mutations that have probably arisen recently and independently in several locations. A phenotypic evaluation of the sequenced ecotypes confirmed that these loss-of-function mutations were associated with an early-flowering phenotype. Taken together, our results suggest that DNA polymorphism at the FRI gene in A. thaliana from western Europe has been shaped by recent positive selection for earliness in a set of isolated populations.
Studies of cadmium uptake and metabolism by the kidney.
Authors: K T Suzuki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Our investigation was centered on a possible relationship between the toxicity of cadmium and changes in its chemical forms in tissues. Two models have been studied: one is the renal damage induced by a single injection of cadmium-containing metallothionein and the other is the renal damage induced by repeated injections of cadmium salt. Parenteral loading of cadmium-containing metallothionein caused acute and transitory necrotic damage of renal tubular lining cells. This was explained by the selective and rapid uptake of metallothionein at the proximal tubules and degradation of the protein, resulting in liberation of cadmium ions. Cadmium ions were injected repeatedly into rats, and the changes in the chemical forms of cadmium, zinc and copper in the liver and kidneys were correlated with the histological observations. The transitory necrotic damage of the proximal tubules caused during the repeated injections of cadmium was accompanied with a rapid decrease of the copper content in the kidney metallothionein. Further loading of cadmium ions induced increases in the amounts of cadmium not bound to metallothionein and its oxidation products as well as an increase of the Cd/Zn ratio in metallothionein. With these changes in the chemical forms of cadmium, persistent damage of the kidneys occurred. The transitory renal damage caused both by a single injection of cadmium-containing metallothionein and by repeated injections of cadmium salt can be explained by a limit of the native biosynthetic capacity of metallothionein in the kidney, while the persistent damage appears to be due to a limit of the induced capacity.
Naive T cells are dispensable for memory CD4+ T cell homeostasis in progressive simian immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Afam A. Okoye, Mukta Rohankhedkar, Chike Abana, Audrie Pattenn, Matthew Reyes, Christopher Pexton, Richard Lum, Andrew Sylwester, Shannon L. Planer, Alfred Legasse, Byung S. Park, Michael Piatak, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Michael K. Axthelm, Louis J. Picker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2012)

The development of AIDS in chronic HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection has been closely linked to progressive failure of CD4+ memory T cell (TM) homeostasis. CD4+ naive T cells (TN) also decline in these infections, but their contribution to disease progression is less clear. We assessed the role of CD4+ TN in SIV pathogenesis using rhesus macaques (RMs) selectively and permanently depleted of CD4+ TN before SIV infection. CD4+ TN-depleted and CD4+ TN-repleted RMs were created by subjecting juvenile RMs to thymectomy versus sham surgery, respectively, followed by total CD4+ T cell depletion and recovery from this depletion. Although thymectomized and sham-treated RMs manifested comparable CD4+ TM recovery, only sham-treated RMs reconstituted CD4+ TN. CD4+ TN-depleted RMs responded to SIVmac239 infection with markedly attenuated SIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses, delayed SIVenv-specific Ab responses, and reduced SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses. However, CD4+ TN-depleted and -repleted groups showed similar levels of SIV replication. Moreover, CD4+ TN deficiency had no significant effect on CD4+ TM homeostasis (either on or off anti-retroviral therapy) or disease progression. These data demonstrate that the CD4+ TN compartment is dispensable for CD4+ TM homeostasis in progressive SIV infection, and they confirm that CD4+ TM comprise a homeostatically independent compartment that is intrinsically capable of self-renewal.
Real‐Time Noninvasive Monitoring of In Vivo Inflammatory Responses using a pH Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging Probe
Authors: Yi‐Ting Tsai, Jun Zhou, Hong Weng, Jinhui Shen, Liping Tang, Wen‐Jing Hu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract It is often difficult to continuously monitor and quantify inflammatory responses in vivo. These dynamic responses however are often accompanied by specific pH changes. A new ratiometric optical pH probe is developed by combining pH‐sensitive (CypHer5E) and pH‐insensitive (Oyster800) fluorescent dyes into nanoparticles for in vivo optical imaging. By taking the ratio of fluorescence intensities at different wavelengths, these nanosized sensors provide excellent measurement capabilities, and unique mapping, of the continuous in vivo pH changes for three different inflammation models. In each model a strong positive correlation is found between ratiometric pH changes and the corresponding inflammatory response measured by histological analyses. These results indicate that ratiometric imaging can provide a noninvasive, rapid, and highly sensitive optical readout for the pH‐ratio changes in vivo. Furthermore this technique may be used to monitor the real‐time dynamics of inflammatory processes.
Dependence of high deficit hospitals on bailouts is unsustainable, audit office finds
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The NHS in England delivered a total surplus of £2.1bn (€2.4bn; $3.2bn) in 2012-13, but this figure masks a huge variation between trusts and an unsustainable reliance on bailouts by financially stricken organisations, a report by the National Audit Office (NAO) has found.1

The NAO’s latest update report on financial sustainability in the NHS said that the health service’s financial performance appeared stronger in 2012-13 than in 2011-12 based on the total surplus or deficit of hospital trusts.

But it warned that the huge disparity between trusts with the highest surpluses and those with the highest deficits was evidence of “increasing pressure” on budgets.

The report said that …
Boswell's Clap and Other Essays: Medical Analyses of Literary Men's Afflications
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

With the exception of the last chapter, which attempts to prove that Socrates did not die of hemlock poisoning, this collection of essays deals with the impact of mental, physical, and addictive illness on the literary works of 12 authors. Lacking a rigid thesis, the essays are not yoked by violence together. They are linked, albeit loosely, by a theme: literary creations, particularly poetry, cannot escape the influence of disease on their creators. Boswell's 19 attacks of gonorrhea, Swinburne's flagellant masochism, Keats' tuberculosis and opium addiction, Chekhov's tuberculosis, Lawrence's suppressed homosexuality, Shadwell's gout and insanity, among other examples, highlight this theme.  Characterized in its introduction as a medical  of literary works, the book is, in effect, much more than that. It is also a literary, historical, and philosophical analysis bolstered by numerous direct quotations and more than 400 references. As such, it deals perceptively with its subjects, particularly with
NEARLY FOUR AND ONE-HALF MILLION AUTOMOBILE INJURIES
Authors: Gerald Dorman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

During 1961 nearly 4½ million persons were injured in automobile accidents in the United States. It is important to diminish this carnage and mend the broken bodies and lives it has caused. Seat belts, originally recommended by the American Medical Association, have reduced serious accidents and will reduce them further, but in spite of this, better repair of broken bodies must also be developed. How can this job be done best, both medically and financially? One reinsurance company president has been carrying on a campaign to have the automobile liability insurance business re-examine its usefulness. It is not filling a maximum need. Too much emphasis has been placed on protection of the driver, in shielding him against the financial consequences of his acts. A plan should be designed to serve legitimate interests as effectively and economically as possible. Getting the driver "off the hook" and the victim back on his
Evidence-Based Medicine—An Oral History
Authors: Richard Smith, Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The phrase evidence-based medicine (EBM) was coined by Gordon Guyatt1 and then appeared in an article in The Rational Clinical Examination series in JAMA in 1992,2 but the roots of EBM go much further back. The personal stories of the origins of EBM were recently explored in a filmed oral history of some of the individuals most strongly associated with the birth of the movement (see Video, Evidence-Based Medicine: An Oral History).

JAMA and the BMJ invited 6 individuals (including us, with one of us as host, R.S.) who have played a prominent part in the development of EBM to participate in an oral history event and filming. Videos of this event and of interviews with 3 other EBM leaders (Box) have been woven together and may be accessed at http://ebm.jamanetwork.com. Just 20 years after the term EBM began to be used, an early and informal history has emerged.
The Misguiding Star
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Just because a man blames his bad luck on an ill-fated star, or because he ascribes his good fortune to a lucky star under which he was born, it does not follow that he believes in astrology. He may be simply indulging in metaphor. Similarly, because millions read their horoscopes in the daily newspaper, it cannot be assumed that all of them put their faith in astral omens. Some may be only amusing themselves.  Nevertheless, to a large number of those who faithfully follow the syndicated astrology columns or consult professional astrologers, stellar guidance means more than dictates of common sense, science, or religion. With these devotees in mind, 186 leading scientists, including 18 Nobel laureates, have recently published 1 a statement denouncing astrology as a pseudoscience that deludes and misguides.  There is nothing surprising about this statement. If anything, it is long overdue. What remains somewhat of a mystery
Altered store operated calcium entry increases cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate production and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation in polycystin-2-defective cholangiocytes
Authors: Carlo Spirli, Luigi Locatelli, Romina Fiorotto, Carola M. Morell, Luca Fabris, Tullio Pozzan, Mario Strazzabosco
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Mutations in polycystins (PC1 or PC2/TRPP2) cause progressive polycystic liver disease (PLD). In PC2-defective mice, cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate/ protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA)-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/ mammalian target of rapamycin (ERK-mTOR) signaling stimulates cyst growth. We investigated the mechanisms connecting PC2 dysfunction to altered Ca2+ and cAMP production and inappropriate ERK signaling in PC2-defective cholangiocytes. Cystic cholangiocytes were isolated from PC2 conditional-KO (knockout) mice ( Pkd2flox/−:pCxCreER ™; hence, called Pkd2KO) and compared to cholangiocytes from wild-type mice (WT). Our results showed that, compared to WT cells, in PC2-defective cholangiocytes (Pkd2KO), cytoplasmic and ER-Ca2+ (measured with Fura-2 and Mag-Fluo4) levels are decreased and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is inhibited, whereas the expression of Ca2+-sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and store-operated Ca2+ channels (e.g., the Orai1 channel) are unchanged. In Pkd2KO cells, ER-Ca2+ depletion increases cAMP and PKA-dependent ERK1/2 activation and both are inhibited by STIM1 inhibitors or by silencing of adenylyl cyclase type 6 (AC6). Conclusion : These data suggest that PC2 plays a key role in SOCE activation and inhibits the STIM-dependent activation of AC6 by ER Ca2+ depletion. In PC2-defective cells, the interaction of STIM-1 with Orai channels is uncoupled, whereas coupling to AC6 is maximized. The resulting overproduction of cAMP, in turn, potently activates the PKA/ERK pathway. PLD, because of PC2 deficiency, represents the first example of human disease linked to the inappropriate activation of store-operated cAMP production.
Endotoxin suppresses the oltipraz-mediated induction of major hepatic glutathione transferases and cytochromes P450 in the rat
Authors: Karine Mahéo, Fabrice Morel, Jocelyne Antras-Ferry, Sophie Langouët, Fabienne Desmots, Laurent Corcos, André Guillouzo
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a classic inducer of the acute–phase response, has been analyzed on both constitutive and oltipraz (a chemoprotective agent)–inducible messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and enzyme activities of major cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and glutathione transferases (rGSTs) in rat liver. At the dose administered (1 mg/kg) and the time studied (6 and 24 hours), endotoxin had no effect on the expression of either CYPs and GSTs with the exception of CYP1A2, which was reduced at both mRNA and activity levels. A strong increase of rGSTA1/2, rGSTM1, rGSTP1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2, and CYP2E1 was observed after 3 days of treatment with oltipraz (0.075%, wt/wt). Oltipraz induction of these enzymes (with the exception of CYP2E1) was found to be suppressed at both mRNA, protein, and activity levels during the acute–phase response to endotoxin. Moreover, it is shown that oltipraz induction of CYP1A2 and CYP2B1/2 and its suppression by E. coli LPS occurred at a transcriptional level. These data support the idea that the chemoprotective effect of oltipraz is altered in the course of inflammation and that adaptation in chemoprotective strategies should be considered in certain physiopathologic situations.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN DIGITAL REACTIVE HYPEREMIA MEASURED BY PULSE VOLUME AMPLITUDE: THE META-HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Alanna Morris, Riyaz Patel, Joseph Poole, Lucy Fike, Yusuf Ahmed, Neli Stoyanova, Gary Gibbons, Viola Vaccarino, Rebecca Din-Dzietham, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)