tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Double Ventral Hernia: One Strangulated on Admission; the Second Becoming so Five Days after Operation on First. Second Operation: Recovery
Authors: E. Woakes
Journal: BMJ (1873)

for about three hours, I deemed it better surgery to saw off the projecting portion, which I did, and then brought the arm and forearm into proper relative position.I dressed the aperture with water-dressing, and applied angular splints, and made the limb look quite nice.But,
Reliability of the model MC-311 MDI Chronolog☆☆☆★
Authors: Frederick S. Wamboldt, Bruce G. Bender, Shannon L. O’Connor, Leslie A. Gavin, Marianne Z. Wamboldt, Henry Milgrom, Stanley J. Szefler, David Iklé, Cynthia Rand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Health inequalities may widen under new plans for public health, warn experts
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government’s current plans for public health in England give it the prominence it deserves but leave far too many key questions unanswered, say experts, amid fears that national inequalities in health could worsen as a result.

Speaking at a conference in London on 24 March on the future of public health, Yvonne Doyle, regional director of public health for NHS South East Coast and an adviser to the Department of Health, said that localism was at the heart of the government’s plans . 

But this represented a very different way of doing things from what had gone before. “We will have to work quite hard to ensure that localism gets its place in the sun,” she said.

And as has happened …
Christopher James Rowland
Authors: S. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Christopher James Rowland (“Chris”) was born in Croydon; the family was evacuated to Wrexham in north Wales at the outbreak of the second world war. He later attended King’s School, Chester. Chris had developed an interest in a medical career when quite young, and in 1953 he gained a place at Guy’s Hospital Medical School. He married his wife, Ann, in the year in which he graduated.

Having completed house jobs in surgery, casualty, …
1093. An Adenovirus-Retrotransposon Hybrid Vector Achieves Stable Transformation of Quiescent and Primary Human Somatic Cells
Authors: Shuji Kubo, Harris S. Soifer, Marie del Carmen Seleme, John V. Moran, Haig H. Kazazian, Noriyuki Kasahara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) have particular advantages for use as in vivo gene transfer vehicles, including a broad host range, the ability to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells, and ease of high-titer purification. However, AdVs rarely integrate into the host genome, and so the proportion of transduced cells decreases with each cell division. It is therefore desirable to develop a vector that can both integrate into the host genome to achieve sustained gene expression and be easily grown to titers sufficient for clinical use.
The Epidemiology and Etiology of Breast Cancer
Authors: A.B. Miller, R.D. Bulbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Breast cancer is hormonally mediated and estrogens are the prime agents in tumor expression; estrogen action may be unopposed by progesterone at certain critical periods in a woman's life. This was the main conclusion of the first of four meetings at Leeds Castle, England, June 19 to 22, 1980, which together form the Multi-disciplinary Project on Breast Cancer of the International Union against Cancer.The purpose of the project is to determine strategies that should be adopted for the study and control of breast cancer within the contexts of prevention, detection, and management. An important objective of the meetings is . . .
Soluble interleukin 2 receptors in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis.
Authors: Y Tokano, Y Kanai, H Hashimoto, K Okumura, S Hirose
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The concentration of soluble interleukin 2 receptor was determined in serum samples from 19 patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentration of soluble interleukin 2 receptor in serum samples from patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis was higher than that in samples from normal subjects.
TARGET: Do Tirofiban And ReoPro Give Similar Efficacy Trial?
Authors: Eric J. Topol
Journal: Circulation (2000)

There is considerable debate about the choice of intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors for percutaneous coronary intervention, after a meta-analysis of 7 trials and 16,770 patients has shown a 38% reduction in death or non-fatal MI 30 days after the index procedure.At 149 hospitals in 18 countries throughout North America, Europe and Australia, 4810 patients were randomized between 12/30/99 and 8/25/00 and treated with either tirofiban or abciximab on a double-blind, double dummy basis.Clopidogrel and aspirin were administered preprocedurally, along with a 70 U/kg intravenous heparin bolus.The dose of tirofiban was 10 mcg/kg bolus and 0.15 mcg/kg/min infusion for 18 -24 hrs; for abciximab it was 0.25 mcg/kg bolus and 0.125 mcg/kg/min (max 10 mcg/min) infusion.Patients qualified by having suitable anatomy for "intent-to-stent" lesions addressed by percutaneous revascularization, and were not with evolving ST-elevation MI or with serum creatinine Ͼ2.5 mg/dl.The primary endpoint is 30 death or non-fatal MI and the trial has Ͼ80% power to determine non-inferiority for tirofiban with an expected event rate in the control (abciximab) group of 5.3% based on the EPISTENT trial.The primary endpoint data will be presented along with the key subgroups such as diabetics.Follow-up data for the trial to 1 year will also be performed.
Expanding definitions of obesity may harm children
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A new and expanded definition of childhood overweight and obesity expected later this year is causing concerns that many healthy children may be unnecessarily labelled as having a disease.

A powerful “expert committee” in the United States has tentatively decided to reclassify children who are currently called “at risk of overweight” and refer to them in the future as “overweight.” Those familiar with these definitions say that such a change could lead to a dramatic expansion of prevalence estimates, with 25% of American toddlers and almost 40% of children aged …
Effects of Nifedipine in Achalasia and in Patients With High-Amplitude Peristaltic Esophageal Contractions
Authors: Morris Traube
Journal: JAMA (1984)

We studied the esophageal effects of nifedipine in 20 patients with achalasia (20 mg sublingually) and nine patients with high-amplitude peristaltic esophageal contractions (nutcracker esophagus) (20 mg orally). In patients with achalasia, nifedipine decreased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure by approximately 30%. In ten patients with achalasia, plasma nifedipine concentrations were 45.3 +/- 17.7 and 57.4 +/- 12.8 ng/mL (means +/- SEM) at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, after drug administration. In patients with nutcracker esophagus, nifedipine decreased LES pressure by approximately 50% and contraction amplitude in the body of the esophagus by approximately 25%. After comparison was made with our previous results in normal subjects, we concluded that (1) nifedipine decreased LES pressure in patients with achalasia to a similar extent to that noted in normal subjects; (2) plasma concentrations measured after 20 mg of nifedipine given sublingually to achalasic patients were similar to those found under similar circumstances in normal subjects; and (3) nifedipine decreased LES pressure and contraction amplitude in patients with nutcracker esophagus to a greater extent than was found in normal subjects. These results suggest that double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of nifedipine in the treatment of achalasia or nutcracker esophagus are indicated.
A phase 1 multidose study of SGN-30 immunotherapy in patients with refractory or recurrent CD30+ hematologic malignancies
Authors: Nancy L. Bartlett, Anas Younes, Matthew H. Carabasi, Andres Forero, Joseph D. Rosenblatt, John P. Leonard, Steven H. Bernstein, R. Gregory Bociek, Jennie M. Lorenz, Bruce W. Hart, Jeremy Barton
Journal: Blood (2007)
Metabolic Biomarkers for Monitoring <i>in Situ</i> Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation
Authors: Lily Y. Young, Craig D. Phelps
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

During the past 15 years researchers have made great strides in understanding the metabolism of hydrocarbons by anaerobic bacteria. Organisms capable of utilizing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, alkanes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been isolated and described. In addition, the mechanisms of degradation for these compounds have been elucidated. This basic research has led to the development of methods for detecting in situ biodegradation of petroleum-related pollutants in anoxic groundwater. Knowledge of the metabolic pathways used by anaerobic bacteria to break down hydrocarbons has allowed us to identify unique intermediate compounds that can be used as biomarkers for in situ activity. One of these unique intermediates is 2-methylbenzylsuccinate, the product of fumarate addition to o-xylene by the enzyme responsible for toluene utilization. We have carried out laboratory studies to show that this compound can be used as a reliable indicator of anaerobic toluene degradation. Field studies confirmed that the biomarker is detectable in field samples and its distribution corresponds to areas where active biodegradation is predicted. For naphthalene, three biomarkers were identified [2-naphthoic acid (2-NA), tetrahydro-2-NA, and hexahydro-2-NA] that can be used in the field to identify areas of active in situ degradation.
DC mobilization from the skin requires docking to immobilized CCL21 on lymphatic endothelium and intralymphatic crawling
Authors: Orna Tal, Hwee Ying Lim, Irina Gurevich, Idan Milo, Zohar Shipony, Lai Guan Ng, Veronique Angeli, Guy Shakhar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Dendritic cells (DCs) must travel through lymphatics to carry skin antigens into lymph nodes. The processes controlling their mobilization and migration have not been completely delineated. We studied how DCs in live mice respond to skin inflammation, transmigrate through lymphatic endothelium, and propagate in initial lymphatics. At steady state, dermal DCs remain sessile along blood vessels. Inflammation mobilizes them, accelerating their interstitial motility 2.5-fold. CCR7-deficient BMDCs crawl as fast as wild-type DCs but less persistently. We observed discrete depositions of CCL21 complexed with collagen-IV on the basement membrane of initial lymphatics. Activated DCs move directionally toward lymphatics, contact CCL21 puncta, and migrate through portals into the lumen. CCR7-deficient DCs arrive at lymphatics through random migration but fail to dock and transmigrate. Once inside vessels, wild-type DCs use lamellipodia to crawl along lymphatic endothelium and, sensing lymph flow, proceed downstream. DCs start drifting freely only in collecting lymphatics. These results demonstrate in vivo that the CCL21-CCR7 axis plays a dual role in DC mobilization: promoting both chemotaxis and arrest of DCs on lymphatic endothelium. Intralymphatic crawling, in which DCs combine active adhesion-based migration and directional cues from lymph flow, represents a new step in DC mobilization which may be amenable to regulation.
584 Antiasthmatic effects of onions — Alk (en) ylsulfinothioic acid alk(en)yl-esters inhibit histamine release, leukotriene and thromboxane biosynthesis in vitro and counteract PAF and allergen-induced bronchial obstruction in vivo
Authors: W. Dorsch, Th. Bayer, H. Wagner, J. Ring, Th. Strauser
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Cobalt-60 in Management of Cancer
Authors: Gilbert H. Fletcher
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Cobalt-60 units supply gamma radiation of two monochromatic wavelengths (1.17 and 1.33 mev), and the soft beta radiation is easily filtered out by approximately 0.16 mm of steel. Such units therefore have made possible the world-wide use of the equivalent of supervoltage roentgentherapy. Patients with some types of cancer formerly unfavorable for radiation treatment now have a better outlook. Palliation of distressing symptoms or prolongation of life by remissions, as in the lymphomas, are easier to achieve with much less discomfort to the patient. Because of the skin-sparing nature of supervoltage radiation, preoperative irradiation can be followed by the classical surgical procedures in cases in which poor results would be expected from either type of therapy alone, and the combined effects are now being investigated in cancer of the lung, urinary bladder, and breast.
Cytotoxic and Proinflammatory CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes Promote Development of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Tin Kyaw, Amy Winship, Christopher Tay, Peter Kanellakis, Hamid Hosseini, Anh Cao, Priscilla Li, Peter Tipping, Alex Bobik, Ban-Hock Toh
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Heart attacks and strokes, leading causes of deaths globally, arise from thrombotic occlusion of ruptured vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques characterized by abundant apoptosis, large necrotic cores derived from inefficient apoptotic cell clearance, thin fibrous caps, and focal inflammation. The genesis of apoptosis and necrotic cores in these vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques remains unknown. Cytotoxic CD8(+) T lymphocytes represent up to 50% of leukocytes in advanced human plaques and dominate early immune responses in mouse lesions, yet their role in atherosclerosis also remains unresolved.CD8(+) T-lymphocyte depletion by CD8α or CD8β monoclonal antibody in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet ameliorated atherosclerosis by reducing lipid and macrophage accumulation, apoptosis, necrotic cores, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin 1β, interferon γ, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Transfer of CD8(+) T cells into lymphocyte-deficient, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice partially reconstituted CD8(+) T cells in lymphoid compartments and was associated with CD8(+) T-cell infiltration in lesions, increased lipid and macrophage accumulation, apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and interleukin 1β in atherosclerotic lesions. Transfer of CD8(+) T cells deficient in perforin, granzyme B, or tumor necrosis factor α but not interferon γ failed to increase atherosclerotic lesions despite partial reconstitution in the lymphoid system and the presence in atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells were identified as apoptotic targets.We conclude that CD8(+) T lymphocytes promote the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques by perforin- and granzyme B-mediated apoptosis of macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells that, in turn, leads to necrotic core formation and further augments inflammation by tumor necrosis factor α secretion.
TWELVE-MONTH OUTCOME OF SELF-EXPANDABLE STENT IMPLANTATION FOR COMPLEX PROXIMAL LESIONS IN SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY INVOLVING FEMORAL BIFURCATION.-JAIL OR NOT JAIL OF OSTIA OF PROFUNDA ARTERY?
Authors: Masahiro Yamawaki, Hirano Keisuke, Yasunari Sakamoto, Hideyuki Takimura, Hiroshi Ishimori, Reiko Tsukahara, Toshiya Muramatsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Urinary Adenosine 3', 5'-Monophosphate Excretion in Affective Disorders
Authors: MICHAEL L PAUL, BRUCE R. DITZION, GEORGE L. PAUK, DAVID S. JANOWSKY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors describe a measurement of 24-hour adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP) excretion in patients with affective disorders. Manic patients were fbund to have greater cyclic AMP excretions than normal controls. Severely depressed patients had lower 24-hour values than normal subjects and a lower 24-hour cyclic AMP excretion than moderately depressed individuals.
Abstract 4466: Celastrol induces apoptosis through modulation of estrogen receptor in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Soon Young Jang, Jesang Ko
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Celastrol, a triterpene extracted from the Chinese medicine, is known to inhibit the growth of human prostate cancer cells. However, the anticancer activity of celastrol has not been reported in other cancer types. In this study, we investigated a negative role of celastrol in breast cancer development. We first examined the effects of celastrol on breast cancer cell growth. Results showed that celastrol inhibited estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF7 and T47D cells and increased apoptosis of breast cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner. We also observed that celastrol decreased the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) at the both mRNA and protein levels in MCF7 and T47D human breast cancer cells. Results from the luciferase assay showed that the transcriptional activity of ER was decreased by the treatment with celastrol. Also, celastrol inhibited ER-mediated signaling and led to cell cycle arrest, which were confirmed by the expressions of cyclin D1 and progesterone receptor. We report that celastrol, an anticancer drug extracted from natural sources, induces apoptosis through modulation of estrogen receptor in human breast cancer cells and is a candidate for cancer chemotherapy in breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4466.
Toward an integrated science and sociotecture of intentional change
Authors: Robert Costanza, Paul Atkins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We heartily agree with the target article and focus on how positive sociocultural change can be accelerated through the systematic use of scenario planning – what we call sociotecture . Scenario planning is a design process for the creation and selection of symbotypes that make a positive difference. It cuts through complexity by integrating cognitive and affective processes across multiple scales.
Simple test can determine which patients need endoscopy for Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A simple, minimally invasive test can be used to identify patients with reflux symptoms who may warrant endoscopy to diagnose Barrett’s oesophagus, research published in PLoS Medicine shows.

Barrett’s oesophagus is a commonly undiagnosed condition that predisposes patients to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. But routine endoscopic screening for Barrett’s oesophagus is not recommended because of the …
Ultra-Sensitive Detection of the Pretreatment EGFR T790M Mutation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with an EGFR-Activating Mutation Using Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Masaru Watanabe, Tomoya Kawaguchi, Shun-ichi Isa, Masahiko Ando, Akihiro Tamiya, Akihito Kubo, Hideo Saka, Sadanori Takeo, Hirofumi Adachi, Tsutomu Tagawa, Seiichi Kakegawa, Motohiro Yamashita, Kazuhiko Kataoka, Yukito Ichinose, Yukiyasu Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Akihide Matsumura, Yasuhiro Koh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: The resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a major concern in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. T790M mutation in EGFR accounts for nearly 50% of the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Earlier studies suggested that T790M mutation was also detected in TKI-naïve NSCLCs in a small cohort. Here, we use an ultra-sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technique to address the incidence and clinical significance of pretreatment T790M in a larger cohort. Experimental Design: ddPCR was established as follows: wild-type or T790M mutation-containing DNA fragments were cloned into plasmids. Candidate threshold was identified using wild-type plasmid, normal human genomic DNA, and human A549 cell line DNA, which expresses wild type. Surgically resected tumor tissues from 373 NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations were then examined for the presence of T790M using ddPCR. Results: Our data revealed a linear performance for this ddPCR method (R2 = 0.998) with an analytical sensitivity of approximately 0.001%. The overall incidence of the pretreatment T790M mutation was 79.9% (298/373), and the frequency ranged from 0.009% to 26.9%. The T790M mutation was detected more frequently in patients with a larger tumor size (P = 0.019) and those with common EGFR-activating mutations (P = 0.022), as compared with the others. Conclusions: The ultra-sensitive ddPCR assay revealed that pretreatment T790M was found in the majority of NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations. ddPCR should be utilized for detailed assessment of the impact of the low frequency pretreatment T790M mutation on treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3552–60. ©2015 AACR.
Progress in Sleep
Authors: Manfred L. Karnovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

People often voice concern about the adequacy of their own sleep and — perhaps only as a form of politesse — the sleep patterns of others. "Did you sleep well?" is a question routinely asked of those subject to unusual conditions or tensions. There is implicit recognition of the important roles of both physiologic and psychological factors in the complex phenomenon of sleep. In view of the observations mentioned below, immunologic factors might also be considered.Attempts to cope with difficulties in sleeping take many forms. At the less serious end of the spectrum is the use of nonprescription medication . . .
Gallbladder Perforation During Liver Biopsy Diagnosed Using Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy: A Case Report
Authors: CPT KENNETH G. DENNISON, CPT DOUGLAS KHOURY, LTC JAMES D. HEIRONIMUS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Serious complications of liver biopsy are uncommon with injury to the gallbladder being rare. Rapid diagnosis and proper management of injuries to the biliary system are necessary because of potential morbidity associated with bile peritonitis. Scintigraphy is an accepted means of evaluating traumatic injuries of the gallbladder and biliary tree. The authors present a case of iatrogenic perforation of the gallbladder during liver biopsy demonstrated by hepatobiliary scintigraphy. CT and surgical correlation are provided.