tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Funding the global control of bird flu
Authors: Jennifer A Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

problems. 1 2 A process of informed consent for the receipt of research results would ensure that providing results is not a forced paternalistic act but rather a fully considered decision which takes into account these potential harms.Moreover, it does not follow that participants who made an informed decision to see the results, and who later found this emotionally difficult, would be better off having not received the results.A study of survivors of retinoblastoma who were informed of risks of second cancers found that most participants wanted the information, even if it was upsetting. 7An informed decision to accept a summary of results should be left to the participant.The onus is on researchers to offer a summary of results, presenting harms and benefits, and provide appropriate subsequent supports for those who may have difficulty.Dixon-Woods and colleagues found that many participants were interested in receiving individual rather than summary results.Most authors acknowledge that individualised results should have high validity and reliability before being provided to participants.This is particularly true, but not unique to, individualised results of gene testing, which may have far reaching consequences. 10In addition, the results should be clearly communicated.Only half of participants in this study found the leaflet clear, pointing to the need for extremely careful preparation.We have recently shown that adolescents with cancer and parents of paediatric oncology patients overwhelmingly wish to be provided with results of research and feel they have a right to them.However, they also ask that results with "bad" connotations should be provided personally, not just by pamphlet. 11 This research needs to be extended to ascertain additional nuances in other types of study design.While Dixon-Woods and colleagues correctly argue caution in providing results to participants, their study should not deter other researchers from meeting the ethical obligation to offer results and to subsequently provide them to those who want them, in a respectful and supportive manner.
A NEW INDICATOR FOR FREE MINERAL ACIDS.
Authors: HERMAN M. ADLER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The indicator that has been used most generally for the detection of free HCl in the stomach contents is phloroglucin-vanillin, often called Günzburg's reagent. While this test is very delicate, it has the disadvantage that the reagent rapidly deteriorates, which tends to render its use unreliable. In consequence also of this fact it is of little use to the practicing physician who requires it only occasionally. A substitute that I offer is fully as delicate as Günzburg's, easier of application and much more permanent. Dr. R. L. Emerson of Boston has discovered an indicator for free mineral acids, to which the name of "carminogen" has been given. It is a colorless fluid which, in the presence of free mineral acids, will give, on drying, a carmine color. The solution is practically permanent, if kept in a stoppered bottle. If exposed to the air for any length of time it may
Will a market deliver quality and efficiency in health care better than central planning ever could? Yes
Authors: S. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>James Gubb</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1297) and <b>Stephen Smith</b> are convinced that market forces will improve the NHS, but <b>Neal Lawson</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1300) and <b>Jonathon Tomlinson</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1302) have their doubts
Complement C5a in the Sepsis Syndrome — Too Much of a Good Thing?
Authors: Craig Gerard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In sepsis, activation of the complement system introduces large amounts of C5a into the circulation. The excess of this peptide paralyzes neutrophils and increases susceptibility to infection. In tissues, by contrast, C5a has effects on neutrophils that protect against infection. Neutralization of circulating C5a by an antibody protects against the lethal effects of sepsis in an animal model.
Benefit of clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in the CURE trial receiving and not receiving an intracoronary stent
Authors: Shamir R. Mehta, Madhu K. Natarajan, Thomas Wittlinger, Joao Morais, Matyas Keltai, Hans-Jurgen Rupprecht, Michel E. Bertrand, Keith A. Fox, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Diagnosis of cypress pollen allergy: <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> standardization of a <i>Juniperus ashei</i> pollen extract
Authors: M. Hrabina, J.‐P. Dumur, H. Sicard, A. Viatte, C. Andre
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Cypress pollen allergy is a major cause of rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in the Mediterranean area. The nonstandardized cypress allergen extracts currently available for the diagnosis of cypress allergy have a low level of activity. The search for an active material has led to the selection of Juniperus ashei (Ja) pollen because of its very high cross‐reactivity with cypress extracts and its superior allergenic activity. The aim of this study was to characterize in vitro and calibrate in vivo an in‐house reference extract (IHRS) of J. ashei pollen and determine the specificity and sensitivity of a standardized Ja extract for the prick test diagnosis of cypress allergy. Methods: Juniperus ashei pollen extract was analysed by 2‐D electrophoresis. The IHRS Ja extract was calibrated by skin prick testing in 28 cypress‐allergic patients. The sensitivity and specificity of cypress allergy diagnosis using a standardized Ja extract was studied by skin prick test in 42 cypress‐allergic patients and 53 nonallergic patients. Jun a 1 content of the IHRS was determined by a monoclonal antibody‐based electrophoretic technique. Results: The Jun a 1 content of the 100 IR/ml Ja IHRS extract was 180 μg/ml. For in vivo diagnosis of cypress allergy, Ja pollen extract demonstrated a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 96%, and a positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion: Standardized Ja pollen extract is therefore a very appropriate tool for the in vivo diagnosis of cypress pollen allergy and good candidate for specific immunotherapy.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells promote rotavirus-induced human and murine B cell responses
Authors: Emily M. Deal, Katharina Lahl, Carlos F. Narváez, Eugene C. Butcher, Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

B cell-dependent immunity to rotavirus, an important intestinal pathogen, plays a significant role in viral clearance and protects against reinfection. Human in vitro and murine in vivo models of rotavirus infection were used to delineate the role of primary plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in initiating B cell responses. Human pDCs were necessary and sufficient for B cell activation induced by rotavirus. Type I IFN recognition by B cells was essential for rotavirus-mediated B cell activation in vitro and murine pDCs and IFN-α/β-mediated B cell activation after in vivo intestinal rotavirus infection. Furthermore, rotavirus-specific serum and mucosal antibody responses were defective in mice lacking functional pDCs at the time of infection. These data demonstrate that optimal B cell activation and virus-specific antibody secretion following mucosal infection were a direct result of pDC-derived type I IFN. Importantly, viral shedding significantly increased in pDC-deficient mice, suggesting that pDC-dependent antibody production influences viral clearance. Thus, mucosal pDCs critically influence the course of rotavirus infection through rotavirus recognition and subsequent IFN production and display powerful adjuvant properties to initiate and enhance humoral immunity.
Randomised controlled trial of breast shells and Hoffman's exercises for inverted and non-protractile nipples.
Authors: J. M. Alexander, A. M. Grant, M. J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the value of recommending breast shells or Hoffman9s exercises, or both, to pregnant women with inverted or non-protractile nipples who intend to breast feed. DESIGN--Randomised controlled trial with a two treatment by two level factorial design. SETTING--Antenatal clinics in a district general hospital and the community. SUBJECTS--96 nulliparous women recruited between 25 and 35 completed weeks in a singleton pregnancy with at least one inverted or non-protractile nipple. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Anatomical change of nipples, judged blindly before first breast feeding, and success of breast feeding reported by postal questionnaire six weeks postnatally. RESULTS--Sustained improvement in nipple anatomy was more common in the untreated groups but the differences were not significant (52% (25/48) shells v 60% (29/48) no shells; difference -8% (95% confidence interval -28% to 11%) and 54% (26/48) exercises v 58% (28/48) no exercises; -4% (-24% to 16%)). 24 (50%) women not recommended shells and 14 (29%) recommended shells (21%; 40% to 2%) were breast feeding six weeks after delivery (p = 0.05), reflecting more women recommended shells both deciding to bottle feed before delivery and discontinuing breast feeding. The same number of women in exercise and no exercise groups were successfully breast feeding (0%; -20% to 20%). 13% of women approached about the trial (and planning to breast feed) did not attempt breast feeding. CONCLUSIONS--Recommending nipple preparation with breast shells may reduce the chances of successful breast feeding. While there is no clear evidence that the treatments offered are effective antenatal nipple examination should be abandoned.
A Fungal Protease Allergen Provokes Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma
Authors: Kirk M. Druey, Nariman Balenga, Zhihui Xie, Michel Laviolette, Michael Klichinsky, Reynold A. Panettieri, Eunice C. Chan, Joseph Jude, Ming Zhao
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
A new test for latent tuberculosis infection?
Authors: K Dheda
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is having a devastating effect on human lives. Individuals who are symptomatic/asymptomatic or have recovered are reported to have/will have serious health complications in the future, which is going to be huge economic burden globally. Given the wide-spread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 it is almost impossible to test each and every individual for the same and isolate them. Recent reports have shown that sewage can be used as a holistic approach to estimate the epidemiology of the virus. Here we have estimated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the city of Hyderabad, India which is populated with nearly 10 million people. The sewage samples were collected from all the major sewage treatment plants (STPs) and were processed for detecting the viral genome using the standard RT-PCR method. Based on the average viral particle shedding per individual, the total number of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (in a window of 35 days) is about 6.6% of the population, which clearly indicates the rate of community transmission and asymptomatic carriers is higher than the number of reported cases. It is important to note here that the samples collected from the inlet of STPs were positive for SARS-CoV-2, while the outlets were negative indicating the efficient treatment of sewage at STPs. These studies are going to be essential to manage the pandemic better and also to assess the effectiveness of control measure.
A British Medical Association Lecture ON PSYCHOLOGY AND MEDICINE: Delivered to the Bromsgrove and Dudley Divisions on November 30th, 1922
Authors: F. W. Mott
Journal: BMJ (1923)

AND GENTLEMEN,-Permit me to thank you for the honour you have done me in asliing me to address you on the subject of Mental Hygiene.It is especially a pleasant task for me, inasmuch as the City of Birmingham and the University have slhown by their recent action how much they are interested in research into tlle causation, prevention, and remedial treatment of disorders and diseases of the mind.
Antacids and Posttransplant Hypophosphatemia
Authors: R. E. CHOJNACKI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 February 1971Antacids and Posttransplant HypophosphatemiaR. E. CHOJNACKI, M.C.R. E. CHOJNACKI, M.C.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-2-297 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In regard to the article "Hypermagnesemia After Renal Homotransplantation" by Alfrey and colleagues, (Ann Intern Med 73:367-371, 1970), please be advised that Amphojel⌖ should not be listed as a magnesium-containing antacid, as reported in Table 2. In defense of the use of nonmagnesium-containing acids in renal failure, it is true that depletion of serum phosphorous and other complications may occur, but hypermagnesemia should not occur. This indeed was demonstrated by group 2 patients in the above report.One must be careful in exclusively ascribing posttransplant hypophosphatemia to the use of antacids, since others have shown serum phosphate...References References1. HAMPERSKATZWILSON CAR: Calcium metabolism and osteodystrophy after renal transplantation. Arch Intern Med (Chicago) 124:282-291, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WACKERPARISI EA: Magnesium metabolism. New Eng J Med 278:772-776, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RANDALLCOHENSPRAY RMC: Hypermagnesemia in renal failure. Ann Intern Med 61:78-88, 1964 LinkGoogle Scholar1. HERDMANMICHAELVERNIER RAR: Renal function and phosphorus excretion after human renal homotransplantation. Lancet 1:121-123, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ALFREYJENKINSGROTH ADC: Resolution of hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy and metastatic calcification after renal homotransplantation. New Eng J Med 279: 1349-1356, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ALFREYJENKINSBRETTSCHNEIDER ADL: The effect of phosphorus on hypercalcemia following renal transplantation, in Abstracts of the American Society of Nephrology, 1968, p. 1 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nephrology Service Letterman General Hospital Presidio of San Francisco, Calif. 94129 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1971Volume 74, Issue 2Page: 297-298KeywordsAcidsHomotransplantationHypermagnesemiaPhosphatesRenal failure Issue Published: 1 February 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Un conflit d’acculturation
Authors: Charles Pidoux
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1956)

Case Reports| February 10 2010 Un conflit d'acculturation: Fragments d'une psychothérapie chez un mélano-africain Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology Charles Pidoux Charles Pidoux Paris Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica (1956) 4 (2): 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285237 Article history Published Online: February 10 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles Pidoux; Un conflit d'acculturation: Fragments d'une psychothérapie chez un mélano-africain. Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica 1 February 1956; 4 (2): 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285237 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsActa Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica Search Advanced Search Article PDF first page preview Close Modal This content is only available via PDF. 1956Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. You do not currently have access to this content.
Scottish NHS offers cash to get smokers to quit
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The NHS in Scotland is offering smokers £12.50 (€13; $18) a week to quit cigarettes, in a two year pilot scheme that will test if financial incentives help.

The Quit4u project is being run in Dundee and targeted at people who live in the city’s deprived areas, where smoking rates are high and cessation levels low.

The money will be credited to an electronic card that can be redeemed in supermarkets for fresh food and groceries. The incentive will be paid for …
Identifying and testing candidate genes underlying the inflammatory basis of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: R. Spiller, C. Swan, E. Campbell, M. Hastings, G. Dukes, P. Whorwell, I. Hall, N. Duroudier
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The heritability of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been estimated at approximately 50–60%. An important subgroup (18%) of all IBS patients develop symptoms after gastrointestinal infection (postinfective IBS, PI-IBS). PI-IBS develops in 10% of <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> infection, 2/3 of which are of the IBS with diarrhoea subtype (IBS-D). <h3>Aims</h3> To use changes in rectal mucosal gene expression following <i>C jejuni</i> infection which were also seen in irritable bowel syndrome as a guide to identify and test candidate genes in IBS. <h3>Methods</h3> Study 1: 31 patients with documented C. jejuni infection, 37 IBS with diarrhoea and 25 healthy volunteers provided blood and rectal biopsies for mRNA assessment using an Affymetrix array. Genes showing &gt;1.5-fold change in both Group 1 and 2 compared with HV were validated by qPCR. Polymorphisms of these candidate gene were assessed in 168 IBS-D, 132 IBS with constipation (IBS-C) and 153 healthy volunteers (HV). <h3>Results</h3> As previously reported1 the following proinflammatory genes were increased in rectal biopsies following <i>C jejuni</i> infections and in IBS-D: <i>CCL11, CCL13, TNFSF15, Calpain</i> and <i>GABRE</i> while <i>NR1D1</i> and <i>GPR161</i> were depressed. We found no difference in the distribution of genetic polymorphisms of the <i>CCL11, CCL13,</i> genes between HV and IBS. We found an increased frequency of the T allele in the TNFSF15 SNP rs6478108 in IBS-D (72% versus 62% in HV, p=0.007) but not IBS-C, in keeping with the T allele being associated with an increased risk of Crohn9s disease. Similarly we found increased frequency of the proinflammatory C allele from the TNFSF15 SNP rs7848647 and the G allele from TNFSF15 SNP rs6478109 in D-IBS (p=0.007 and p=0.015 respectively). Although owing to small numbers we found a non-significant difference in TNFSF15 gene expression associated with the risk alleles (p=0.1) there was a linear test for trend for the CC genotype of rs6478108 to have a lower TNFSF15 expression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have identified a proinflammatory genetic tendency for increased TNFSF15 expression which may predispose to the development of IBS with diarrhoea.
Metronidazole and ursodeoxycholic acid for primary sclerosing cholangitis: A randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Martti Färkkilä, Anna–Liisa Karvonen, Heimo Nurmi, Hannu Nuutinen, Matti Taavitsainen, Pekka Pikkarainen, Päivi Kärkkäinen
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

No effective medical therapy is currently available for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) improves liver enzymes, but its effect on liver histology is controversial. Metronidazole (MTZ) prevents PSC–like liver damage in animal models and reduces intestinal permeability. We recruited 80 patients with PSC into a randomized placebo–controlled study to evaluate the effect of UDCA and MTZ (UDCA/MTZ) compared with UDCA/placebo on the progression of PSC. Patients (41 UDCA/placebo and 39 UDCA/MTZ) were followed every third month. Assessment of liver function test, histological stage and grade, and cholangiography (via ERCP) at baseline showed no differences between the groups. After 36 months, serum aminotransferases γ–glutamyltransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased markedly in both groups, serum ALP more significantly in the UDCA/MTZ group (-337 ± 54 U/L, P &lt; .05) compared with the UDCA/placebo group. The New Mayo Risk Score decreased markedly only in the UDCA/MTZ group (-0.50 ± 0.13, P &lt; .01). The number of patients with improvement of stage ( P &lt; .05) and grade ( P &lt; .05) was higher in the combination group. ERCP findings showed no progression or improvement in 77% and 68% of patients on UDCA/MTZ and UDCA/placebo, respectively. In conclusion , combining MTZ with UDCA in PSC improved serum ALP levels and New Mayo Risk Score, but no statistically significant effect on disease progression as assessed via liver histology or ERCP was seen. Long–term studies using a higher dose of UDCA combined with MTZ in larger patient populations are indicated. (Hepatology 2004;40:1379-1386.)
Cell proliferation and nasal carcinogenesis.
Authors: T M Monticello, E A Gross, K T Morgan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The nasal passages of rodents provide valuable opportunities for research on relationships between cell proliferation and cancer. The nose, which has multiple functions, possesses a diverse range of tissue types, each with its own morphologic, physiologic, and metabolic characteristics and site-specific cell turnover rates. Moreover, for inhaled materials deposited in the nose, complex regional uptake or deposition patterns can result in site-specific responses, including cancer. Presented here are important criteria necessary for undertaking cell proliferation studies in the nasal passages. The current literature concerning nasal toxicity and the toxicant-induced proliferative response are also reviewed. Rodent nasal epithelium provides a fruitful area for research on the role of cell proliferation in carcinogenesis.