tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacoinvasive Therapy
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Circulation (2004)

P rompt reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is the major focus of acute treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Two reperfusion strategies have been developed: pharmacological and catheter based.Although these two strategies have traditionally been considered distinct and at times competing options, it is likely that care of patients with STEMI will be improved in the future if they are viewed as a single integrated effort at reperfusion.
Cytokine production in nickel-sensitized individuals analysed with enzyme-linked immunospot assay: possible implication for diagnosis
Authors: E. Jakobson, K. Masjedi, N. Ahlborg, L. Lundeberg, A-T. Karlberg, A. Scheynius
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis still have to undergo patch testing for a correct diagnosis. As this has several disadvantages there is a need for additional methods, preferentially those that can be performed in vitro. Objectives To investigate the possibility of diagnosing contact allergy to nickel (Ni2+) using the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay that allows the analysis of cytokines at a single-cell level in ex vivo activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Eleven female patients and nine age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers participated in the study. All patients had a history of nickel allergy and a positive patch test reaction to NiSO4, while the controls' test was negative. PBMC were cultured in the presence or absence of NiCl2. Cell proliferation was measured with [3H]thymidine incorporation, and the number of cytokine-producing cells analysed with the ELISpot assay.The proliferative response of PBMC to Ni2+, expressed as stimulation index, was significantly higher in the nickel-allergic patients than in the control group. Using the ELISpot assay, we found that PBMC from nickel-allergic individuals responded to Ni2+ with significantly greater production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and interferon-gamma, but not IL-12, compared with the healthy controls. The number of IL-4- and IL-5-producing cells correlated with the number of IL-13-producing cells in the nickel-allergic patients, but Ni2+-induced PBMC proliferation did not correlate with the number of cytokine-producing cells for any of the cytokines tested.Our results indicate that the ELISpot assay could be a tool in the discrimination between nickel-allergic and non-allergic individuals.
Treatment with Sulphapyridine (M&amp;B 693) of Guinea-pigs infected with Brucella abortus
Authors: G. S. Wilson, I. Maier
Journal: BMJ (1940)

In a previous paper (Wilson and Maier, 1939) evidence was brought to show that the administration of sulphanilamide twice daily in a dosage bordering on the toxic limit to guinea-pigs infected seven weeks previously with a virulent strain of Br. abortus was able to bring about sterilization of the tissues after treatment for three to five weeks.The total daily dosage used corresponded to an average of 0.8 mg. per gramme of body weight.Animals given half this dosage still remained infected after two to four weeks' treatment.These results receive confirmation from the work, in the United States, of Chinn (1939), who, starting treat- ment one week after inoculation with Br. abortuis, Br. melitensis, or Br.suis, and using twice-daily doses of sulphanilamide amounting in the aggregate to 1 mg.per gramme of body weight, achieved sterilization of the tissues in twenty-one out of twenty-eight guinea-pigs treated for twenty-four days.On the other hand, they are quite incompatible with the findings of Menefee and Poston (1939), who started treatment five days after a large inoculation with Br. mnelitensis, gave a dosage of sulphanilamide of only 0.06 mg. per gramme of body weight (60 mg. per kilo) for ten days and then 0.03 mg. per gramme for a further ten days, and succeeded in sterilizing the tissues of nineteen out of twenty infected guinea-pigs.Since Chinn found that animals infected with Br. melitensis tended to be more refractory to treat- ment than those infected with Br. abortus or Br.suis, the most probable explanation of Menefee and Poston's resultsis that they were using a comparatively avirulent PLATELET-REDUCING EXTRACTS OF SPLEEN THE BRITISIr MIEDICAL JOU!RNAL reserve this type of therapy for cases of undulant fever that have resisted other forms of treatment.We should like to express our thanks to Messrs. May and Baker, Ltd., for generously supplying the amount of M & B 693 required for our experiments.
Chaparral and liver toxicity
Authors: P. M. Fleiss
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The Brief Report by Dr Gordon and colleagues1regarding chaparral ingestion needs a little clarification. Chaparral is a relatively ambiguous term that refers to a number of low shrubby plants growing wild in the arid regions of the southwestern United States and Mexico. Usually, as an herbal remedy, the name designates the leaflets ofL tridentata(creosote bush). Gordon et al did not report any laboratory analysis of the preparation their patient had been taking for about 1 year. There is no way one could conclude what she was really taking. The active ingredient ofL tridentatais the powerful antioxidant NDGA, which has been approved as a food additive internationally. Interestingly, the patient was also taking diltiazem hydrochloride, acetaminophen, and other drugs that may cause liver toxicity. It is difficult from the material presented in this case report to conclude the basis of her liver
Preferential Oxidation of Triacylglyceride-Derived Fatty Acids in Heart Is Augmented by the Nuclear Receptor PPARα
Authors: Natasha H. Banke, Adam R. Wende, Teresa C. Leone, J. Michael O'Donnell, E. Dale Abel, Daniel P. Kelly, E. Douglas Lewandowski
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale : Long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are the preferred substrate for energy provision in hearts. However, the contribution of endogenous triacylglyceride (TAG) turnover to LCFA oxidation and the overall dependence of mitochondrial oxidation on endogenous lipid is largely unstudied. Objective : We sought to determine the role of TAG turnover in supporting LCFA oxidation and the influence of the lipid-activated nuclear receptor, proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, on this balance. Methods and Results : Palmitoyl turnover within TAG and palmitate oxidation rates were quantified in isolated hearts, from normal mice (nontransgenic) and mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PPARα (MHC-PPARα). Turnover of palmitoyl units within TAG, and thus palmitoyl-coenzyme A recycling, in nontransgenic (4.5±2.3 μmol/min per gram dry weight) was 3.75-fold faster than palmitate oxidation (1.2±0.4). This high rate of palmitoyl unit turnover indicates preferential oxidation of palmitoyl units derived from TAG in normal hearts. PPARα overexpression augmented TAG turnover 3-fold over nontransgenic hearts, despite similar fractions of acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis from palmitate and oxygen use at the same workload. Palmitoyl turnover within TAG of MHC-PPARα hearts (16.2±2.9, P &lt;0.05) was 12.5-fold faster than oxidation (1.3±0.2). Elevated TAG turnover in MHC-PPARα correlated with increased mRNA for enzymes involved in both TAG synthesis, Gpam (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial), Dgat1 (diacylglycerol acetyltransferase 1), and Agpat3 (1-acylglycerol-3-phospate O -acyltransferase 3), and lipolysis, Pnliprp1 (pancreatic lipase related protein 1). Conclusions : The role of endogenous TAG in supporting β-oxidation in the normal heart is much more dynamic than previously thought, and lipolysis provides the bulk of LCFA for oxidation. Accelerated palmitoyl turnover in TAG, attributable to chronic PPARα activation, results in near requisite oxidation of LCFAs from TAG.
Nearly two thirds of people with diabetes in England don't receive all recommended care, audit finds
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Care of people in England with diabetes continues to improve, the latest findings from a national audit show. But only 40% of people with the illness receive all the care that has been recommended by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).

The fifth national audit of diabetes care in England, which was carried out by the NHS Information Centre in 2007-8, also shows that diabetic people are more likely to have complications if they live in certain parts of the country or are from a more socially deprived background.

More than 5300 general practices contributed to the audit, resulting in data being collected on the care of 1.42 …
Abstract 2210: Cumulative risks of gastric cancer by PSCA polymorphism, Helicobacter Pylori infection and smoking history in Japan
Authors: Hidemi Ito, Isao Oze, Satoyo Hosono, Miki Watanabe, Hideo Tanaka, Keitaro Matsuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Appreciating lifetime risk of gastric cancer through established risk factors is one simple way to promote preventive behavior. We have estimated cumulative risks (CRs) of gastric cancer by genetic and environmental risk factors, PSCA-rs2294008 polymorphism, Helicobacter Pylori (HP) infection and smoking, based on a case-control study involving 697 cases and 1372 controls at Aichi Cancer Center. We estimated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for groups by these factors using logistic regression model after adjustment for age, sex, family history of gastric cancer and intake of fruit and vegetable. The ORs were combined with gastric cancer incidence rates in Japan to calculate CRs using the Peto's method. The CRs by age of 75 varied according to the risk groups, from 0.9% (95% CI, 0.3%-3.3%) for never smokers without both HP infection and risk allele of rs2294008 to 13.4% (95% CI, 13.3%-13.4%) for ever smokers with HP infection and 1-2 risk alleles. Among those with 1-2 risk alleles, the CRs were reduced to 2.0% (95% CI, 1.9%-2.0%) in those without both smoking history and HP infection, 3.9% (95% CI, 3.8%-3.9%) for ever smokers without HP infection, 9.4% (95% CI, 9.4%-9.5%) for never smokers with HP infection, although it was 13.4% in those with both smoking history and HP infection. In conclusion, the findings based on genetic and environmental risk factors in this study would be important information for promoting primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer. Citation Format: Hidemi Ito, Isao Oze, Satoyo Hosono, Miki Watanabe, Hideo Tanaka, Keitaro Matsuo. Cumulative risks of gastric cancer by PSCA polymorphism, Helicobacter Pylori infection and smoking history in Japan. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2210
Practical Pediatric Therapy
Authors: Basil J. Zitelli
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>Practical Pediatric Therapy</i>represents an ambitious attempt to provide therapeutic guidelines for most pediatric disorders. The text is the culmination of combined efforts of physicians in North America (mostly from the United States) and Europe (mostly from the Federal Republic of Germany). In an effort to provide broad experience on a variety of topics, each chapter is coauthored. This text is not a general pediatric text, but rather assumes that the correct diagnosis has been made. Discussions concentrate only on tried and proved therapies, although occasionally experimental therapeutic modalities are mentioned and identified as such. Each diagnostic topic is separated into major headings, including pathophysiology and etiology; therapy, both general and specific; and prognosis. The majority of subjects are presented well and several are excellent. One outstanding chapter by Elliot Ellis and Gerhart Erdmann on allergy gives a concise yet complete treatise on various atopic conditions. Their presentation of the
Antimicrobial proteins in sterilised human milk.
Authors: M Raptopoulou-Gigi, K Marwick, D B McClelland
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Human milk contains factors such as IgA and lactoferrin that increase the newborn infant9s resistance to infection. Preterm infants are fed pooled milk, which is normally sterilised by heating. After standard heat sterilisation IgA and lactoferrin were undetectable in milk samples. Pasteurisation also sterilised milk samples even after heavy artificial contamination and did not damage the proteins. Gamma-irradiation sterilised equally effectively but caused some denaturation of IgA and lactoferrin. Since most of the milk samples were sterile or had only light contamination with skin bacteria, there seems to be no need for routine sterilisation. If sterilisation is necessary, the method used should be chosen to minimise damage to milk proteins.
Comparison of an in-house preparation of the major allergenic determinant of benzyl penicillin G With the commercially produced Pre-Pen
Authors: D. Matesic, E. Frigas, H. Kita, P.A. Harris, G.W. Volcheck, P.A. Markus, C.R. Weiler, D.E. Maddox, J.T.C. Li, R.G. Van Dellen, J.B. Hagan, J.H. Butterfield
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Potentiation of isosorbide dinitrate effects with N-acetylcysteine in patients with chronic heart failure.
Authors: A Mehra, A Shotan, E Ostrzega, W Hsueh, J Vasquez-Johnson, U Elkayam
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Supply of sulfhydryl groups with the administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been reported to reverse tolerance to nitroglycerin but not to isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN). Lack of interaction between NAC and ISDN was suggested as an explanation for these findings. The present study was therefore designed to further evaluate this hypothesis. For this purpose, we compared the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of ISDN when given alone and in combination with NAC. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a randomized, cross-over design evaluation of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of ISDN and ISDN + NAC in 14 patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The findings of this study demonstrated a substantial NAC-mediated potentiation of ISDN effect on mean right atrial pressure (-11 +/- 21% versus -38 +/- 27%, -17 +/- 20% versus -34 +/- 27%, and -7 +/- 20% versus -25 +/- 26% at 2, 3, and 4 hours, respectively; all P &lt; .05), mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (-18 +/- 16% versus -33 +/- 14%, -15 +/- 25% versus -33 +/- 19%, -14 +/- 22% versus -25 +/- 22%, and -16 +/- 16% versus -26 +/- 16% at 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours, respectively; all P &lt; .05), mean pulmonary artery pressure (-8 +/- 11% versus -20 +/- 15% at 3 hours, P &lt; .05), and cardiac output (an increase of 2 +/- 16% versus 25 +/- 20% at 4 hours, P &lt; .05). Although there were no significant changes in serum catecholamine levels and plasma renin concentration with both regimens, ISDN + NAC resulted in a greater fall in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (296 +/- 251 pg/mL after ISDN versus 202 +/- 118 pg/mL after ISDN + NAC, P &lt; .05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide strong evidence for the existence of an interaction between thiols and ISDN and further support the role of sulfhydryl groups in the activation and therapeutic action of organic nitrates. The discrepancy between the results of this study demonstrating NAC-induced potentiation of ISDN effects and a previous study showing failure to reverse ISDN tolerance with NAC may suggest that ISDN-NAC interaction requires normal intracellular levels of sulfhydryl groups and does not occur after intracellular sulfhydryl group depletion.
Histone Methyltransferase KMT1A Restrains Entry of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells into a Myogenic Differentiated State
Authors: Min-Hyung Lee, Mathivanan Jothi, Andrei V. Gudkov, Asoke K. Mal
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is an aggressive pediatric muscle cancer, which arrested during the process of skeletal muscle differentiation. In muscle myoblast cells, ectopic expression of the histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methytransferase KMT1A blocks differentiation by repressing a myogenic gene expression program. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activation of a KMT1A-mediated program of transcriptional repression prevents ARMS cells from differentiating. We investigated whether KMT1A represses the expression of differentiation-associated genes in ARMS cells, thereby blocking muscle differentiation. Our results show that expression of KMT1A is induced in human ARMS cancer cell lines when cultured under differentiation-permissible conditions. shRNA-mediated knockdown of KMT1A decreased anchorage dependent and independent cell proliferation and tumor xenograft growth, increased expression of differentiation-associated genes, and promoted the appearance of a terminally differentiated-like phenotype. Finally, shRNA-directed KMT1A knockdown restored the impaired transcriptional activity of the myogenic regulator MyoD. Together, our results suggested that high levels of KMT1A in ARMS cells under differentiation conditions impairs MyoD function, thereby arresting myogenic differentiation in these tumor cells. Thus, targeting KMT1A may be a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.
Blood Transfusions and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: JOSEPH HERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1984Blood Transfusions and the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeJOSEPH HERMAN, M.D.JOSEPH HERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-3-461_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Almost simultaneously with the report by Jett and colleagues (1) on the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with blood-product transfusions, an article appeared in the Hebrew literature describing a patient with strikingly similar features (2).A 52-year-old man, during emergency coronary artery bypass surgery in November 1980, was given 18 units of whole blood, 31 units of plasma, and a large but unspecified number of transfusions of platelets and cryoprecipitate. In July 1981 he was hospitalized with serum hepatitis, and in January 1982 he contracted purulent otitis externa that was resistant to treatment with antibiotics and required surgical...References1. JETTKURITSKYKATZMANNHOMBURGER JJJH. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with blood-product transfusions. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:621-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. TAMIRDELPREPICKTHEODOR RGAE. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Harefuah. 1983;105:360-1. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSEPH HERMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Family Medicine Clinic "Gimmel" Beth She'an, Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1984Volume 100, Issue 3Page: 461-461KeywordsAIDSAntibioticsBlood plasmaBlood transfusionCoronary arteriesHepatitisPlateletsSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Laryngeal aspergillosis following high dose inhaled fluticasone therapy for asthma
Authors: A J Fairfax, V David, G Douce
Journal: Thorax (1999)

The case history is presented of a 75 year old man with chronic asthma who was treated with inhaled fluticasone propionate in a daily dose of 2 mg using a Diskhaler. After three years of treatment he developed progressive hoarseness. Both vocal cords were colonised by<i>Aspergillus fumigatus </i>which formed a white slough on the surface. Biopsy specimens showed changes suggestive of laryngeal aspergillosis with an ulcerated epithelium, fibrinopurulent debris, and colonies of fungal hyphae. A slow recovery occurred after three months of treatment with topical amphotericin and with cessation of inhaled corticosteroids. Laryngoscopy is recommended if hoarseness occurs during treatment with fluticasone.
In vivo evidence of impaired solute transport by the thick ascending limb in potassium-depleted rats.
Authors: H U Gutsche, L N Peterson, D Z Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The objective of this investigation was to determine if thick ascending limb (TAL) solute removal is impaired in potassium-depleted rats, in vivo. We estimated TAL NaCl concentration by measuring in situ conductivity of tubular fluid presented to the early distal site after stop-flow periods of 10-60 s, during which a proximal equilibrium solution remained in contact with the reabsorbing epithelium. This allowed us to calculate the rate constant of the decrease in tubular fluid NaCl concentration and to determine equilibrium values for control, potassium-depleted, and potassium-repleted rats. After 60 s of stop-flow, NaCl concentration of TAL fluid decreased to 18.3 +/- 2.73 mM in control rats, while potassium-depleted rats had values almost twice as high (36.5 +/- 2.97 mM, P less than 0.01). The amount of NaCl remaining after 60 s of stop-flow in K-depleted rats was highly correlated with the plasma K concentration. Calculated rates of NaCl efflux from the TAL appeared to be normal in K-depleted rats while the concentration of NaCl achieved at equilibrium was nearly twice that measured in control rats. Acute systemic administration of KCl by gavage or infusion in K-depleted rats was associated with a decrease in TAL NaCl concentration to normal values. Addition of K to the perfusate, however, did not repair the defect. Our results can best be explained by assigning a special role to the peritubular K concentration. We suggest that the defect in TAL solute removal in K-depletion can be rapidly reversed, because decreases in peritubular K concentration limit Na efflux across the peritubular membrane by decreasing the activity of the Na-K-ATPase pump. We recognize that factors such as regional renal blood flow, local angiotensin II levels, and products of the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme system may play a role.