tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Purification of fetal hematopoietic progenitors and demonstration of recombinant multipotential colony-stimulating activity.
Authors: S G Emerson, C A Sieff, E A Wang, G G Wong, S C Clark, D G Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

To facilitate the direct study of progenitor cell biology, we have developed a simple and efficient procedure based upon negative selection by panning to purify large numbers of committed erythroid and myeloid progenitors from human fetal liver. The nonadherent, panned cells constitute a highly enriched population of progenitor cells, containing 30.4 +/- 13.1% erythrocyte burst forming units (BFU-E), 5.5 +/- 1.9% granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM), and 1.4 +/- 0.7% granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte colony forming units (CFU-GEMM) as assayed in methylcellulose cultures. These cells are morphologically immature blasts with prominent Golgi. This preparative method recovers 60-100% of the committed progenitors detectable in unfractionated fetal liver and yields 2-30 X 10(6) progenitors from each fetal liver sample, and thus provides sufficient numbers of enriched progenitors to allow direct biochemical and immunologic manipulation. Using this technique, a purified recombinant protein previously thought to have only granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (GM-CSA) is shown to have both burst promoting activity and multipotential colony stimulating activity. Progenitor purification by panning thus appears to be a simple, efficient method that should facilitate the direct study of committed hematopoietic progenitors and their differentiation.
Effect of Tetrahydrobiopterin on Endothelial Function in Canine Middle Cerebral Arteries
Authors: Masato Tsutsui, Sheldon Milstien, Zvonimir S. Katusic
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor required for activation of NO synthase. However, in intact arteries, the exact role of tetrahydrobiopterin in the regulation of NO synthase activity is not fully understood. The present study was designed to determine the effect of increasing intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels on endothelial function in isolated canine middle cerebral arteries. The arterial segments were incubated in MEM for 24 hours at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of a tetrahydrobiopterin precursor, sepiapterin (10(-4) mol/L), and/or superoxide dismutase (150 U/mL). The rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. Tetrahydrobiopterin levels were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Production of cGMP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Incubation with sepiapterin markedly increased intracellular tetrahydrobiopterin levels. In sepiapterin-treated arteries, endothelium-dependent relaxations to calcium ionophore A23187 and intracellular cGMP levels were significantly reduced. Superoxide dismutase alone did not affect either relaxation to A23187 or production of cGMP. However, when arteries were incubated with superoxide dismutase plus sepiapterin, endothelium-dependent relaxations to A23187, as well as cGMP production, were significantly augmented. The augmentation of cGMP was observed in rings with (but not without) endothelium. Incubation of arteries in calcium-free medium almost abolished the synergistic effect of tetrahydrobiopterin and superoxide dismutase on cGMP production. These results demonstrate that increased availability of tetrahydrobiopterin may activate endothelial NO synthase. This effect appears to be critically dependent on the presence of superoxide dismutase.
Paradoxical movement of the lower ribcage in COPD
Authors: E. Garcia-Pachon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Impact of macrolide therapy on mortality in severe sepsis caused by pneumoniaTo the Editors:We read with interest the recent paper by RESTREPO et al. [1] who reported that adding a macrolide to the antibiotic regimen in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and severe sepsis resulted in lower mortality.Their data are very promising.However, we have a concern regarding the recommendations to implement macrolides as standard treatment for CAP.
Letter: Allergic reactions to tetracosactrin.
Authors: P D Mohr
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis SIR,-We would agree with Dr L M McEwen's observations (13 September.p 649) that prophylactic steroid cover is un- likely to be of any help in the treatment of anaphylaxis, but we cannot possibly agree with his statement that "when faced with profound anaphylactic collapse most doctors give adrenaline intravenously, using 0 5 ml of 1/1000 solution, diluted if possible, given slowly."We consider the risks of intravenous adrenaline are so great that no general prac- titioner should ever give it in this way.Besides the very severe subjective symptoms that will arise, the more serious effects of cerebral haemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias preclude its use intravenously except in exceptional circumstances, when it must be adequately diluted.'
Distinct Transcriptional Programs Mediated by the Ligand-Dependent Full-Length Androgen Receptor and Its Splice Variants in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rong Hu, Changxue Lu, Elahe A. Mostaghel, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, Meltem Gurel, Clare Tannahill, Joanne Edwards, William B. Isaacs, Peter S. Nelson, Eric Bluemn, Stephen R. Plymate, Jun Luo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Continued androgen receptor (AR) signaling is an established mechanism underlying castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and suppression of androgen receptor signaling remains a therapeutic goal of CRPC therapy. Constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants (AR-Vs) lack the androgen receptor ligand-binding domain (AR-LBD), the intended target of androgen deprivation therapies including CRPC therapies such as abiraterone and MDV3100. While the canonical full-length androgen receptor (AR-FL) and AR-Vs are both increased in CRPCs, their expression regulation, associated transcriptional programs, and functional relationships have not been dissected. In this study, we show that suppression of ligand-mediated AR-FL signaling by targeting AR-LBD leads to increased AR-V expression in two cell line models of CRPCs. Importantly, treatment-induced AR-Vs activated a distinct expression signature enriched for cell-cycle genes without requiring the presence of AR-FL. Conversely, activation of AR-FL signaling suppressed the AR-Vs signature and activated expression programs mainly associated with macromolecular synthesis, metabolism, and differentiation. In prostate cancer cells and CRPC xenografts treated with MDV3100 or abiraterone, increased expression of two constitutively active AR-Vs, AR-V7 and ARV567ES, but not AR-FL, paralleled increased expression of the androgen receptor–driven cell-cycle gene UBE2C. Expression of AR-V7, but not AR-FL, was positively correlated with UBE2C in clinical CRPC specimens. Together, our findings support an adaptive shift toward AR-V–mediated signaling in a subset of CRPC tumors as the AR-LBD is rendered inactive, suggesting an important mechanism contributing to drug resistance to CRPC therapy. Cancer Res; 72(14); 3457–62. ©2012 AACR.
Senile Degeneration and Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Andrew J. Dwork, Ezra S. Susser, John Keilp, Cristina Waniek, Dongmei Liu, Mavis Kaufman, Zvi Zemishlany, Isak Prohovnik
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

This study was an investigation of the role of Alzheimer-type senile degenerative abnormalities in the cognitive impairment of chronic schizophrenia.The study group comprised 145 deceased elderly institutionalized psychiatric patients: 66 with schizophrenia, 26 with mood disorders, 36 with dementia, and 17 with other psychiatric diagnoses. The comparison group included 16 deceased elderly individuals without neurologic or psychiatric disease. Psychiatric diagnoses and cognitive status were established by standardized review of medical records. Neuritic senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were identified immunohistochemically and counted, by investigators blind to clinical information, in standardized regions of each brain.Of the subjects with schizophrenia, 68% had definite cognitive impairment, but only 8% satisfied neuropathological criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Among the schizophrenia subjects without Alzheimer's disease, definite cognitive impairment was associated with higher levels of plaques and tangles. The schizophrenia subjects without definite cognitive impairment had fewer plaques and tangles than the unimpaired nonpsychiatric subjects.Most cases of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia could not be attributed to Alzheimer's disease. An association of mild Alzheimer-type pathology with definite cognitive impairment was unique to schizophrenia. Enhanced sensitivity to the effects of aging on the brain may be a manifestation of diminished cognitive reserve in schizophrenia.
Conjunctival epithelial cells in culture-growth and globlet cell differentiation
Authors: Ray Jui-Fang Tsai, Scheffer C.G. Tseng, Jan-Kan Chen
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (1997)

Conjunctival epithelial cell growth and differentiation were studied by cultivating cells on tissue culture plastic surface and on natural substrata such as collagen gel and matrigelR. Well-differentiated goblet cells were unable to attach in plastic cultures and could only be preserved in collagen gel- or matrigelR - based cultures. Percoll density fractionation experimental suggested that, in the primary conjunctival epithelial cells, there were precursor cells for goblet and non-goblet epithelial cells. The goblet cell phenotypic expression of these precursor cells was influenced by the surface to which they attach and by the serum factors. The PAS and AM-1 positive cells could also be induced when the precursor cells are cultured on collagen gels in serum-free define medium supplemented with retinoic acid. To study how the goblet cell precursors are differentiated and from what stem cells they are derived, it is necessary to develop a culture system with a better mimicry of the in vivo conjunctival tissue. In this regard, wedeveloped an in vitro 'conjunctival equivalent', in which the epithelial cells were cultured on fibroblast-contracted collagen lattice to allow continued cross-interactions of the epithelial and mesenchymal cells. This experimental model should allow experimental inquiries that are difficult, if not impossible, in conventional cell cultures.
Measurement of iron stores in cirrhosis using diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid
Authors: M. Barry, G. Cartei, S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1970)

The chelating agent diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid was used to measure iron stores in 83 patients with chronic liver disease. Iron chelation was normal in patients with chronic cholestasis. Chelation was increased above the control range in 14 out of 26 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, in nine out of 28 patients with non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and in 11 out of 15 cirrhotics with a portacaval anastomosis. Iron stores in excess of 1·5 g were predicted from the results in 24 subjects; however, in only three were the values in the range found in propositi with untreated idiopathic haemochromatosis. Increased chelation did not correlate with hepatocellular impairment <i>per se</i> but was associated in 18 cases with surgical or large spontaneous portal systemic shunts. Exogenous factors for excess iron were present in three cases with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal systemic collaterals in one, but no special factor apart from alcoholism was apparent in the remainder. The correlation between chelatable iron and stainable liver iron content was not close and was better in haemochromatosis than in other forms of cirrhosis; in some cases considerable siderosis was present with normal or only slightly increased chelation values.
Gastric Involvement in Herpes Zoster
Authors: F. Wisløff, J. Bull-Berg, J. Myren
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

A 76-year-old man with herpes zoster affecting the 7th thoracic dermatome on the right side was referred for gastroscopy because of anorexia, nausea, vomiting and burning epigastric pain. Lesions were seen along the greater curvature of the stomach suggesting mucosal herpes zoster.
The “Tobacco Wars”—Global Litigation Strategies
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fat substitute declared safe
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory panel has overwhelmingly reaffirmed the safety of the fat substitute Olestra (olean).

Olestra was recently attacked as a health hazard by a consumer group, the Center for Science in the Public Interest. The group contended that Olestra caused severe gastrointestinal disturbance and induced vitamin deficiencies that could lead to cancer. The consumer group and Dr Walter Willet of Harvard University's School of Public Health urged the FDA to remove Olestra from the market, citing 8000 reports of gastrointestinal distress reported by users of the product.

Olestra, a non-absorbable synthetic …
Chronic intermittent hypoxia predisposes to liver injury
Authors: Vladimir Savransky, Ashika Nanayakkara, Angelica Vivero, Jianguo Li, Shannon Bevans, Philip L. Smith, Michael S. Torbenson, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). OSA is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CIH on the liver in the absence of obesity. Lean C57BL/6J mice (n = 15) on a regular chow diet were exposed to CIH for 12 weeks and compared with pair-fed mice exposed to intermittent air (IA, n = 15). CIH caused liver injury with an increase in serum ALT (224 ± 39 U/l versus 118 ± 22 U/l in the IA group, P < 0.05), whereas AST and alkaline phosphatase were unchanged. CIH also induced hyperglycemia, a decrease in fasting serum insulin levels, and mild elevation of fasting serum total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). Liver TG content was unchanged, whereas cholesterol content was decreased. Histology showed swelling of hepatocytes, no evidence of hepatic steatosis, and marked accumulation of glycogen in hepatocytes. CIH led to lipid peroxidation of liver tissue with a malondialdehyde (MDA)/free fatty acids (FFA) ratio of 0.54 ± 0.07 mmol/mol versus 0.30 ± 0.01 mmol/mol in control animals (P < 0.01), and increased levels of active nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) in the nuclear fraction of hepatocytes, suggesting that CIH induced oxidative stress in the liver. Finally, CIH greatly exacerbated acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity, causing fulminant hepatocellular injury. Conclusion: In the absence of obesity, CIH leads to mild liver injury via oxidative stress and excessive glycogen accumulation in hepatocytes and sensitizes the liver to a second insult, whereas NASH does not develop. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1007–1013.)
Intravenous Pyelography: The Case against Its Routine Use
Authors: Alvin I. Mushlin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To critically appraise four common uses of intravenous pyelography in adults.We reviewed the literature on the use of intravenous pyelography for four clinical indications.We analyzed the literature to determine the proportion of intravenous pyelograms producing clinically useful information (yield) in four clinical situations. The best estimate of its accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) for associated pathologic findings was determined. The implications of using the test on the outcomes of patients and costs were evaluated.The yield of significant abnormalities in patients having prostatectomy is small; intravenous pyelography does not specifically indicate ureteral obstruction, and is not sensitive or specific enough for screening for urinary tract malignancies. Many false-positive results, little benefit, and significant costs can be expected. When used before hysterectomy, intravenous pyelography does not reduce injury to the ureters, and the yield of unexpected abnormalities is small. The use of the test to screen for unexpected anatomic abnormalities in adult women after urinary tract infections has not led to improved outcomes or prevention of impaired renal function. Acquired causes of obstruction will be suggested by the history or physical examination. In hypertensive adults, intravenous pyelography is not accurate enough in detecting renal artery stenosis or in predicting favorable outcomes of renal artery surgery. Also, large costs are generated by high false-positive rates, and candidates for successful surgery are not reliably identified.Selective use of intravenous pyelography is recommended for patients before prostatectomy or hysterectomy, in women after urinary tract infections, and in adults whose hypertension may have a renovascular cause. Use should be reserved for patients whose history and physical examination raise specific questions for which this test could provide an answer that would affect treatment.
Treatment of Chronic Granulomatous Disease with Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and a T-Cell–Depleted Hematopoietic Allograft
Authors: Mitchell E. Horwitz, A. John Barrett, Margaret R. Brown, Charles S. Carter, Richard Childs, John I. Gallin, Ronald E. Gress, Steven M. Holland, Gilda F. Linton, Judi A. Miller, Susan F. Leitman, Elizabeth J. Read, James Schermerhorn, Harry L. Malech
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The treatment of chronic granulomatous disease with conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation carries a high risk of serious complications and death. We investigated the feasibility of stem-cell transplantation without ablation of the recipient's bone marrow.
P79 The Impact of Social Deprivation on Clinical Outcomes in Children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in a Deprived Area of Scotland
Authors: J Barge, Y Cheong, L Thomson, NA Gibson, PL Davies
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Lung function tests and BMI are widely-used outcome measures in children with CF, and their preservation requires adherence to exacting treatment regimens. We hypothesised that deprivation might affect the adherence to therapy of children in a deprived area of Scotland, thus reducing BMI and FEV<sub>1</sub> scores and increasing clinical input required. Schechter (2003) demonstrated a link between deprivation and mortality in children with CF, although the mechanism remained unclear, and the study has not been repeated elsewhere. In an adult CF population in an affluent area of England, Jarad (2005) found no correlation between deprivation and FEV<sub>1</sub>. This question has not previously been examined in a deprived paediatric population. <h3>Method</h3> In February 2013, RHSC Glasgow had 95 children (49♂46♀) with CF under its care. All children over 2 years had their BMI centile calculated. In all children over four years, mean FEV1% predicted was calculated. The number of outpatient clinics and inpatient admissions over a three year period was noted for all children over three years old. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) ranks the 6505 postcode districts in Scotland in order of deprivation, and a rank was obtained for each child’ postcode. SMID rank was plotted against BMI, mean FEV1% predicted, outpatient appointments and inpatient admissions, with any correlations noted. <h3>Result</h3> 83 children had BMI centile recorded (mean 45.4, range 0.4–98), 66 children had FEV1 % predicted calculated (mean 92.4%, range 50.4–146%). Mean SMID ranking was 2763 (range 33–6499.). The mean number of respiratory outpatient clinics attended was 23.1 (range 18–33), total outpatient clinics attended was 25.8 (range 18–48) and inpatient admissions was 4.3 (range 0–20) over three years. No correlation was shown between SMID rank and BMI centile (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.0025), mean FEV1% predicted (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.0025), respiratory clinics attended (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.0121), total outpatients attended (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.0263) and inpatient admissions (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.0078). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Relative deprivation does not correlate with BMI centile or FEV1% predicted in this population of CF children and is not associated with the level of clinical input required.
THE STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES IN GYNECOLOGICAL DISEASES.
Authors: G. BROWN MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In 1899 I reported 7 cases<sup>1</sup>of pelvic inflammation operated on in the gynecological clinic of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, in which the streptococcus pyogenes was found to be the infecting agent. Since the publication of that article, and during my service in the hospital, 4 additional cases have been operated on in which this micro-organism was found to be the cause of the inflammatory process. Nine of the 11 cases presented certain features which were indicative of the etiology of the infection. The two exceptions were: 1, an infected myoma, and the other an abscess localized to the cul-de-sac of Douglas which had probably been secondarily infected from the intestinal canal. In 6 of these cases the peritoneal cavity was invaded at the operation and 2 patients, where this occurred, died, probably both from the resulting general streptococcic peritonitis. Attention will be called to this in reporting the
A seminal vesicle cyst palpable in the rectum
Authors: M. van Meegen, F. Kokke, P. Dik, P. Fockens, M. Benninga
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

A 17-year-old boy presented with a history of chronic recurrent abdominal pain in the umbilical region from the age of 13 years. His bowel habit was unremarkable and he had had no rectal bleeding or difficulty in passing urine. On digital rectal examination, a smooth, firm, multilobular mass was palpable. Extensive laboratory investigations (of blood, stool, and urine samples, including urine cultures) showed no abnormalities. Sigmoidoscopy revealed multiple round impressions covered by normal colon mucosa ventrally in the distal rectum (Figure [1]). Endoscopic ultrasound showed multiple echo-poor lesions, compatible with cysts, cranial and caudal to the prostate (Figure [2]). Computed tomography showed a left-sided mass, 8 × 4 cm in size, between the bladder and the rectum, an absent left kidney, and an asymmetrical bladder (Figure [3]).
Jejunal Sarcoma Diagnosed by Fiberendoscopy and Guided Biopsy
Authors: E. Seifert, K. Reichel, H. Wagner, H. Ostertag
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

A 56-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for anemia, weakness, and loss of body weight. X-ray examination disclosed a possible tumor in the upper part of the jejunum. By means of endoscopic biopsy, using a normal fiberduodenoscope, a jejunal sarcoma was diagnosed. Surgery confirmed the diagnosis and the tumor was successfully removed. Technical problems are discussed. The reported case demonstrates the possibility of diagnosing tumors in the upper part of the small intestine by endoscopic biopsy and seems to be the first case in the literature in which such a diagnosis could be made prior to surgery.