tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction
Authors: Leon A. Adams, Ariel Feldstein, Keith D. Lindor, Paul Angulo
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Patients with hypopituitarism develop a phenotype similar to metabolic syndrome with central obesity and diabetes. Similarly, patients with hypothalamic damage may develop central obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperphagia. We sought to examine the clinical associations between hypopituitarism, hypothalamic dysfunction, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A case series of patients seen at our institution with diagnoses of hypopituitarism, hypothalamic obesity, or craniopharyngioma and NAFLD was undertaken. Clinical, laboratory, and liver biopsy features were reviewed. Twenty-one patients were identified. NAFLD was diagnosed 6.4 +/- 7.5 years (median 3 years) after the diagnosis of hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction. Mean gain in body mass index (BMI) between diagnoses of hypothalamic/pituitary disease and NAFLD was 11.3 +/- 8.9 kg/m(2) at an average yearly rate of 2.2 +/- 2.2 kg/m(2). The majority of patients developed elevated glucose levels and dyslipidemia by time of diagnosis of NAFLD. Of the 10 patients biopsied, six were cirrhotic, two had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis, and two had simple steatosis. Long-term follow-up of 66 +/- 33 months (range 12-120) was available for 18 patients. Two required liver transplantation. Six patients died, two from liver related causes. In conclusion, patients with hypothalamic and/or pituitary disease are at risk of excessive weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia with subsequent development of NAFLD. This group has a high prevalence of cirrhosis placing them at risk for liver-related death. The novel evidence that hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction may be accompanied by progressive NAFLD has important implications for the work-up and management of patients with hypothalamic/pituitary disease.
Cutaneous Sarcoidosis in Venepuncture Sites
Authors: R. F. Harvey, J. V. Jones, H. J. O. White
Journal: BMJ (1973)

the system in the ventricular septum were also severely affected, further establishing the aetiology of the heart block.These findings are characteristic of the lesions and the functional impairment that I ~~~~M-'~1 ~~~~F ig 2-The node of Tawara, recognizable above the dark-stained central fibrous body, almost completely replaced by sarcoid granulomatous tissue.(Azanx18.)seems to be peculiar to sarcoid heart disease, as stated in your leading article.-Iam, etc.,
Annual rates of decline in child, maternal, HIV, and tuberculosis mortality across 109 countries of low and middle income from 1990 to 2013: an assessment of the feasibility of post-2015 goals
Authors: Stéphane Verguet, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Zachary D Olson, Gavin Yamey, Dean T Jamison
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Measuring a country's health performance has focused mostly on estimating levels of mortality. An alternative is to measure rates of decline in mortality, which are more sensitive to changes in health policy than are mortality levels. Historical rates of decline in mortality can also help test the feasibility of future health goals (eg, post-2015). We aimed to assess the annual rates of decline in under-5, maternal, tuberculosis, and HIV mortality over the past two decades for 109 low-income and middle-income countries.For the period 1990-2013, we estimated annual rates of decline in under-5 mortality (deaths per 1000 livebirths), the maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100 000 livebirths), and tuberculosis and HIV mortality (deaths per 100 000 population per year) using published data from UNICEF and WHO. For every 5-year interval (eg, 1990-95), we defined performance as the size of the annual rate of decline for every mortality indicator. Subsequently, we tested the feasibility of post-2015 goals by estimating the year by which countries would achieve 2030 targets proposed by The Lancet's Commission on Investing in Health (ie, 20 deaths per 1000 for under-5 mortality, 94 deaths per 100 000 for maternal mortality, four deaths per 100 000 for tuberculosis mortality, and eight deaths per 100 000 for HIV mortality) at observed country and aspirational best-performer (90th percentile) rates.From 2005 to 2013, the mean annual rate of decline in under-5 mortality was 4·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·9-4·6), for maternal mortality it was 3·3% (2·5-4·1), for tuberculosis mortality 4·1% (2·8-5·4), and for HIV mortality 2·2% (0·1-4·3); aspirational best-performer rates per year were 7·1% (6·8-7·5), 6·3% (5·5-7·1), 12·8% (11·5-14·1), and 15·3% (13·2-17·4), respectively. The top two country performers were Macedonia and South Africa for under-5 mortality, Belarus and Bulgaria for maternal mortality, Uzbekistan and Macedonia for tuberculosis mortality, and Namibia and Rwanda for HIV mortality. At aspirational rates of decline, The Lancet's Commission on Investing in Health target for under-5 mortality would be achieved by 50-64% of countries, 35-41% of countries would achieve the 2030 target for maternal mortality, 74-90% of countries would meet the goal for tuberculosis mortality, and 66-82% of countries would achieve the target for HIV mortality.
Experience of a global laboratory network in responding to infectious disease epidemics
Authors: Jean-Paul Chretien, David L Blazes, Joel C Gaydos, Sheryl A Bedno, Rodney L Coldren, Randall C Culpepper, David J Fyrauff, Kenneth C Earhart, Moustafa M Mansour, Jonathan S Glass, Michael D Lewis, Bonnie L Smoak, Joseph L Malone
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2006)
THE METABOLISM OF THE KIDNEY IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Sigwin B. Raska
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

These investigations are part of an attempt to study and interpret the intermediary metabolism of the kidneys in experimental renal hypertension. Hypertension was produced in dogs by the clamping procedure of Goldblatt and associates or by the silk perinephritis method of Page. Enzymatic studies were made by means of Warburg's manometric method. Cytochrome c was in addition determined spectrophotometrically. Tissue slices, homogenized tissue, and tissue extracts were used. A study of the cytochrome c concentration and the activities of the cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase systems of kidneys from normal dogs and dogs with experimental renal hypertension was made. It was found that the cytochrome c concentration and the activities of the cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase systems were markedly lower in the kidney slices and in the tissue suspensions from hypertensive dogs. Tissue suspensions and extracts of kidneys from hypertensive dogs showed an inhibitory effect on the activity of the cytochrome oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase, and the amine oxidase systems. Renin preparations also showed a marked inhibitory effect on the activities of cytochrome oxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, l-amino acid oxidase, and amine oxidase systems. A significant increase was found in the kidney of dogs whose other kidney had been removed or subjected to Goldblatt's or Page's technique in the activities of the cytochrome-cytochrome oxidase system, the succinic dehydrogenase system, and in the concentration of nucleotide-bound phosphorus, of flavin-adenine dinucleotide, and of the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotides (coenzymes I and II). From the results of these studies it can be concluded that an increase in the concentration and activity of the respiratory enzymes precedes hypertrophy of the kidney. This can be explained by the assumption that an increase in the activity of the respiratory biocatalysts acts as a stimulus for cell growth and multiplication.
Genome-wide copy-number analyses reveal genomic abnormalities involved in transformation of follicular lymphoma
Authors: Alyssa Bouska, Timothy W. McKeithan, Karen E. Deffenbacher, Cynthia Lachel, George W. Wright, Javeed Iqbal, Lynette M. Smith, Weiwei Zhang, Can Kucuk, Andrea Rinaldi, Francesco Bertoni, Jude Fitzgibbon, Kai Fu, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Timothy C. Greiner, Bhavana J. Dave, Randy D. Gascoyne, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Elias Campo, Lisa M. Rimsza, Jan Delabie, Elaine S. Jaffe, Rita M. Braziel, Joseph M. Connors, Louis M. Staudt, Wing-Chung Chan
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cancer registries fear imminent collapse
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Britain's system for monitoring cancer trends could collapse if new guidance from the General Medical Council is implemented, warn researchers.

The guidance, intended to protect patients' confidentiality, says doctors should not transfer individuals' details to cancer registries without their consent. But the GMC's critics say that the guidance is unworkable and that most clinicians will stop registering data.

The guidance, dated June 2000 but issued in September, came just before the government pledged in its National Cancer Plan to improve Britain's cancer survival rates to equal the best in Europe.

But Dr …
Optimal administration of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic type 1 diabetes.
Authors: A G Rassam, T M Zeise, M R Burge, D S Schade
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Lispro is a new rapidly absorbed insulin analog. At present, there are no recommendations for the optimal injection time of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic patients. In contrast to normoglycemic patients with diabetes, we hypothesized that injection of lispro insulin 15-30 min before meal ingestion would improve postprandial glucose excursion in hyperglycemic diabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 48 randomized overnight studies, 12 healthy adult type 1 diabetic patients received lispro insulin 0.15 U/kg admixed with human ultralente 0.2 U/kg (as background insulin) subcutaneously at minutes (-30, -15, 0, and +15) relative to the ingestion of an American Diabetes Association breakfast of 8.6 kcal/kg. Pre-breakfast hyperglycemia of 10.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l was established before the study by continuous overnight infusion of intravenous insulin, which was stopped 30 min before lispro insulin injection. Glucose and insulin levels were measured every 30 min for 5 h after breakfast. RESULTS: Results demonstrated that postprandial glucose excursion was reduced when lispro insulin was administered 15 or 30 min before the meal compared with lispro insulin injected at the meal (P &amp;lt; 0.002). The postprandial glucose excursion (millimoles per liter per hour) was -6.4 +/- 3 for the -30-min group, -5.1 +/- 2.9 for the -15-min group, 3.4 +/- 4.1 for the 0-min group, and 5.7 +/- 4.4 for the +15-min group. Although injecting lispro insulin at 30 min before the meal resulted in a significant reduction in postprandial glycemia, it was accompanied by loss of glucose control at 4 h postmeal in two subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization of lispro insulin in hyperglycemic patients requires timing of the insulin injection at least 15 min before the meal.
Metalloenzymes and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Philip J. Snodgrass, Warren E. C. Wacker, Eugene C. Eppinger, Bert L. Vallee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A CUTE myocardial infarction as a complication of coronary atherosclerosis is one of the most frequent diseases encountered. The incidence with which this catastrophic medical event is seen in clinical practice is increasing as a consequence of the aging population. Although the accuracy of diagnosis does not present a problem in the majority of cases, it is frequently challenging in individual cases that may be considered atypical. The electrocardiogram has been the mainstay of diagnosis, and when properly interpreted it may be expected to yield a correct diagnosis in 8 out of 10 cases.1 , 2 Skill in the interpretation of electrocardiograms, . . .
Legalisation of assisted dying does not harm palliative care, study concludes
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The legalisation of assisted dying does not undermine the provision of good palliative care, a report comparing six European countries concludes.

Palliative care is as well developed in countries that have legalised assisted suicide or euthanasia as in those that haven’t, says the report from the European Association of Palliative Care.

The study was commissioned by the think tank Demos for the independent UK Commission on Assisted Dying, chaired by the former lord chancellor Charles Falconer, which is considering whether the law should be changed in England and Wales to allow terminally ill people to be helped to die. The …
Analgesic Use, Agranulocytosis, and Aplastic Anemia
Authors: C. R. Kumana
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study 1 is of special concern wherever the analgesic antipyretic drug dipyrone continues to be sold. There are important reasons, however, for reserving judgment as to whether this multicenter case-control study could predict the risks of dipyrone-induced agranulocytosis. In particular, there is no mention of how soon blood sampling was performed for detection and confirmation of agranulocytosis after the appearance of symptoms.  Agranulocytosis associated with dipyrone use (reviewed by de Gruchy 2 ) develops acutely (within hours), is self-limiting, and probably involves peripheral destruction of neutrophils in previously sensitized patients. After stopping treatment with the offending drug, recovery of the white blood cell count to normal values may become evident within 24 to 48 hours. 3 Patients can nevertheless be rendered very ill and even die.  At a meeting in Indonesia, it was revealed that the patients in this study from whom
CD4/CD8 ratio normalisation and non-AIDS-related events in individuals with HIV who achieve viral load suppression with antiretroviral therapy: an observational cohort study
Authors: Cristina Mussini, Patrizia Lorenzini, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Giuseppe Lapadula, Giulia Marchetti, Emanuele Nicastri, Antonella Cingolani, Miriam Lichtner, Andrea Antinori, Andrea Gori, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2015)
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Modified Electrodes for Highly Efficient Acute Neural Recording
Authors: Jung Hwal Shin, Guk Bae Kim, Eun Joo Lee, Taechang An, Kumjae Shin, Seung Eun Lee, WooSeok Choi, Sukchan Lee, Charles Latchoumane, Hee‐Sup Shin, Geunbae Lim
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Microelectrodes are widely used for monitoring neural activities in various neurobiological studies. The size of the neural electrode is an important factor in determining the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of recorded neural signals and, thereby, the recording sensitivity. Here, it is demonstrated that commercial tungsten microelectrodes can be modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), resulting in a highly sensitive recording ability. The impedance with the respect to surface area of the CNT‐modified electrodes (CNEs) is much less than that of tungsten microelectrodes because of their large electrochemical surface area (ESA). In addition, the noise level of neural signals recorded by CNEs is significantly less. Thus, the SNR is greater than that obtained using tungsten microelectrodes. Importantly, when applied in a mouse brain in vivo, the CNEs can detect action potentials five times more efficiently than tungsten microelectrodes. This technique provides a significant advance in the recording of neural signals, especially in brain regions with sparse neuronal densities.
Follow-up of the High Risk Newborn: A Practical Approach
Authors: T. N. K. Raju
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The long-term status of infants surviving serious neonatal illness has been of considerable interest to health professionals involved in the care of mother and child. Remarkable advances in the perinatal diagnosis and management of high-risk mothers and infants have resulted in a decline in mortality for the newborn. Thus, concerns about the quality of survival of this special group of patients are quite valid. This book has been compiled by Dr Elsa J. Sell, based on the topics discussed in a 1978 course held in Tucson, Ariz, on the follow-up of infants. The contributors are leaders in the field of follow-up care and are well known for their original studies. In its 26 chapters, the book attempts to provide both practical and theoretical background for persons involved in the follow-up of neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. The major discussion revolves around five areas of importance: the problems relating to
Ronald George Anderson
Authors: J M Frew
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Wickford, Essex (b 1929; q Cambridge/St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1956), died from a stroke on 9 July 2002.

Ronald Anderson was a general practitioner in Wickford for 35 years. After leaving school he joined the Royal Artillery, serving as a subaltern in Malaya during the Communist troubles. In 1958 he and his wife, Iona, a nurse, joined a semi-rural practice, where he was able to develop his lifelong love of countryside pursuits dating from his early life in Scotland. He was a good shot and enjoyed stalking and the setting up and running of a local shoot. He leaves Iona and three children.
Diet Liberalization and Metabolic Control in Type I Diabetic Outpatients Treated by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: E Chantelau, G E Sonnenberg, I Stanitzek-Schmidt, F Best, H Altenahr, M Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

In 10 type I diabetic outpatients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), dietary habits and metabolic control were investigated. Under conditions of a conventional diabetes diet (including 5–6 meals per day and a strictly planned meal intake) as well as under a “less restricted diabetes diet” (e.g., free choice of number, timing, and amount of carbohydrate intake) near normoglycemia could be achieved. Mean daily blood glucose levels did not change significantly when the patients' nutrition was alternated between both diets. During the “less restricted diabetes diet,” the patients opted for a rather high fat intake (51 ± 5% fat, 34 ± 5% carbohydrate, and 15 ± 2% protein). Despite this unintended dietary behavior, serum lipids and body weight remained normal after an observation period of 4–6 mo. It is concluded that during permanent near normoglycemia achieved by CSII a partial liberalization of the diabetes diet does not introduce any short-term or long-term metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
Ethical Implications of Implantable Radiofrequency Identification (RFID) Tags in Humans
Authors: Kenneth R. Foster, Jan Jaeger
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

This article reviews the use of implantable radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags in humans, focusing on the VeriChip (VeriChip Corporation, Delray Beach, FL) and the associated VeriMed patient identification system. In addition, various nonmedical applications for implanted RFID tags in humans have been proposed. The technology offers important health and nonhealth benefits, but raises ethical concerns, including privacy and the potential for coercive implantation of RFID tags in individuals. A national discussion is needed to identify the limits of acceptable use of implantable RFID tags in humans before their use becomes widespread and it becomes too late to prevent misuse of this useful but ethically problematic technology.
Pinning down the theoretical commitments of Bayesian cognitive models
Authors: Matt Jones, Bradley C. Love
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Mathematical developments in probabilistic inference have led to optimism over the prospects for Bayesian models of cognition. Our target article calls for better differentiation of these technical developments from theoretical contributions. It distinguishes between Bayesian Fundamentalism, which is theoretically limited because of its neglect of psychological mechanism, and Bayesian Enlightenment, which integrates rational and mechanistic considerations and is thus better positioned to advance psychological theory. The commentaries almost uniformly agree that mechanistic grounding is critical to the success of the Bayesian program. Some commentaries raise additional challenges, which we address here. Other commentaries claim that all Bayesian models are mechanistically grounded, while at the same time holding that they should be evaluated only on a computational level. We argue this contradictory stance makes it difficult to evaluate a model's scientific contribution, and that the psychological commitments of Bayesian models need to be made more explicit.
Physicians Infected With HIV-Reply
Authors: Nancy W. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  The risk that an HIV-infected physician doing significant invasive procedures would infect a patient has been identified and confirmed as a small but a real one. Lederman and Mehlman are right in that it has not been precisely quantified However, when there is a known but as yet unquantified risk of patient death that is avoidable, physicians should not engage in unnecessary procedures.  It is true that the look-back study of the infected physician Lederman and Mehlman identify, and studies of two other physicians, have failed to document a case of transmission, but few scientists place much weight on this evidence. These studies failed to test a majority of the patients of each of the physicians involved, and, in any event, only a small number of percutaneous injuries—the most likely transmission-causing event—will occur in studies of just a few physicians. Three is just too small a number
A message on the lips
Authors: M. M. Hoeper, M. Humbert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Few systemic diseases present with such a diversity of cardiopulmonary manifestations as hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler’s disease or Rendu–Osler–Weber syndrome. HHT is one of the most common inherited diseases, with a prevalence of one in 5,000–10,000, and has been linked to mutations in at least five different genes, including endoglin and activated-receptor-like kinase (Alk)-1, both belonging to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of receptors 1. Alk-1 and endoglin are abundantly expressed on endothelial cells and are involved in mediating the cellular effects of TGF-β and other members of the TGF-β superfamily. Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding for Alk-1 or endoglin cause the clinical syndrome of HHT, which is characterised by vascular dysplasia. The cardinal clinical features of HHT include mucocutaneous telangiectases, often prominently visible on the lips and tongue, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), which can involve several organs, such as liver, brain and lungs. Pulmonologists will encounter three main manifestations of HHT: pulmonary arterial hypertension; high cardiac output failure in the setting of large AVMs in the liver; and pulmonary AVMs. A forthcoming article by Faughnan et al. 2, as part of the European Respiratory Journal’s ( ERJ ) current series on pulmonary hypertension 2–7, will review the cardiopulmonary manifestations of HHT in detail.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension and liver AVMs are …
Alteration of cohesin genes in myeloid diseases
Authors: Julien Rocquain, Véronique Gelsi‐Boyer, José Adélaïde, Anne Murati, Nadine Carbuccia, Norbert Vey, Daniel Birnbaum, Marie‐Joelle Mozziconacci, Max Chaffanet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

New genes involved in leukemogenesis, such as ASXL1 and TET2, have been identified recently using genomic analyses of DNA from patient samples. We have studied by array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) a series of 167 samples including myelodysplastic syndromes, chronic myelomonocytic leukemias, and acute myeloid leukemias. We found a deletion of the RAD21 and STAG2 genes, which encode two components of the cohesin complex. We propose that these alterations may compromise the cohesin complex and its regulation of the transcription of genes.