tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Salary Equity among Male and Female Internists
Authors: Glenn S. Ross
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters1 May 2001Salary Equity among Male and Female InternistsGlenn S. Ross, MDGlenn S. Ross, MDPeninsula Internal Medicine; Newport News, VA 23606 (Ross)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-9_Part_1-200105010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their survey of general internists and specialists in Pennsylvania, Ness and colleagues (1) purport to demonstrate a 14% earnings discrepancy between male and female physicians after adjusting for confounding variables. Women are also described as being disproportionately represented in low-earning specialties.This study has several problems. First, the authors, by their own account, did not query respondents on the number of weeks worked per year. In a previous study (2), male physicians reported working 47 weeks per year and female physicians, 46. Assuming similar habits in Ness and colleagues' study, the salary differential decreases to 11.5%.... References1. Ness RB, Ukoli F, Hunt S, Kiely SC, McNeil MA, Richardson V, et al . Salary equity among male and female internists in Pennsylvania. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:104-10. [PMID: 0010896636] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Baker LC. Differences in earnings between male and female physicians. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:960-4. [PMID: 0008596598] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Peninsula Internal Medicine; Newport News, VA 23606 (Ross) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSalary Equity among Male and Female Internists in Pennsylvania Roberta B. Ness , Flora Ukoli , Susan Hunt , Sharon C. Kiely , Melissa A. McNeil , Vanessa Richardson , Nancy Weissbach , and Steven H. Belle Salary Equity among Male and Female Internists Roberta Ness and Flora Ukoli Salary Equity among Male and Female Internists Roberta Ness and Flora Ukoli Metrics 1 May 2001Volume 134, Issue 9_Part_1Page: 798KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologyGender discriminationHabitsHospitalistsSurgeons ePublished: 1 May 2001 Issue Published: 1 May 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of Pharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: H. S. Souttar
Journal: BMJ (1937)

SIR,-We are indebted to Mr. H. S. Souttar (Journal, May 1, P. 909) for calling attention to this method. It is attractive and relatively simple to carry out, but I am afraid I cannot share his optimism as to the results to be expected. This method has been in use in the Radium Clinic of the General Hospital for the last five years, and frequently referred to in the annual reports to the Radium Research Council. There are two aspects which are unsatisfactory. In the first place, we have not been able to cure a single case by this method. The immediate results are gratifying and hopeful; the growth recedes, becomes less vascular, and swallowing is improved, but subsequent doses of radium are ineffective and the end-result is death. We have, therefore, reluctantly come to the conclusion that neoplasm of the pharynx is relatively radio-insensitive. In the second place, and of minor importance, is the fact that the scars heal badly. The wound has to be reopened and resutured at the end of a week, and this is not conducive to good scar formation. The presence of radium or radon deep in the wound has a retarding influence on healing. I believe that the only real hope of cure at the present time is by following, where it is possible, the drastic surgical technique so brilliantly designed and carried out by Wilfred Trotter.-I am, etc.,
Treatment of Hepato-biliary Diseases
Authors: B. O. C. Pribram
Journal: BMJ (1939)

MEDICAL JOURNAL be removed before packing.As the portion of the pack which is actually in the rent controls the haemorrhage by pressure, caution must be exercised in its removal.Conclusion According to the investigations into the causes-of maternal mortality, post-partum haemorrhage is responsible for 7.5 per cent. of the deaths in New York, 6.3 per cent.in-Englasnd and-Wales,.and 3.9 per-cent.in Scotland.--Inaddition, it is a factor in deaths classified under shock, sepsis, placenta praevia, etc.Every effort should be made to-reduce-this mortality by: 1. Treatment of anaemia during the ante-natal period.2. Refraining from interference with the normal uterine -CONNELL.-
Increased Peripheral Chemoreceptors Sensitivity and Exercise Ventilation in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Agnieszka Ciarka, Nicolas Cuylits, Jean-Luc Vachiery, Michel Lamotte, Jean-Paul Degaute, Robert Naeije, Philippe van de Borne
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Heart failure is characterized by increased ventilation during exercise, which is positively related to increased peripheral and central chemoreceptor sensitivity. Heart transplantation does not normalize the ventilatory response to exercise, and its effects on the chemoreflex control of ventilation remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that chemoreceptor sensitivity is increased in heart transplant recipients (HTRs) and linked to exercise hyperpnea.We determined the ventilatory, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and circulatory responses to isocapnic hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia 7+/-1 years after transplantation in 19 HTRs with a normal left ventricular ejection fraction of 60+/-2%. Results were compared with those of 11 closely matched referent subjects. Sixteen patients and 10 referent subjects also underwent cycle ergometer exercise tests. HTRs compared with referent subjects presented higher MSNA (52+/-4 versus 34+/-3 bursts/min; P<0.01) and heart rates (83+/-3 versus 68+/-3 bpm; P<0.01) during room air breathing. The ventilatory response to hypoxia was higher in HTRs than in referent subjects (P<0.01, ANOVA). The increase in MSNA also was more marked during hypoxia in the HTRs than in the referent group (P<0.05, ANOVA). Responses to hyperoxic hypercapnia did not differ between the HTRs and the referent group. The ventilatory response to exercise, characterized by the regression slope relating minute ventilation to CO2 output, was steeper in HTRs than in referent subjects (38+/-2 versus 29+/-1 L/mm Hg; P<0.01). Exercise ventilation in HTRs was related to the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia (r=0.57; n=16; P<0.05) and to the ventilatory response to hyperoxic hypercapnia (r=0.50; n=16; P<0.05).Peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity is increased in HTRs and is related to exercise hyperpnea after heart transplantation.
624. Development of a Novel Ribbon-type NF-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Mariana K. Osako, Naruya Tomita, Yasuo Kunugiza, Keishi Sekiguchi, Keiko Izawa, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: We have developed a decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) based therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases, blocking the transcription factor activity of NF-|[kappa]|B. So far, in order to reduce the instability of decoy ODN to nucleases, we used double-stranded phosphorothioate decoy ODN (DPODN) with blunt ends. However, the toxicity and non-specific binding to proteins of DPODN have arisen as a topic.
Perturbation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell repertoires during progression to AIDS and regulation of the CD4+ repertoire during antiviral therapy
Authors: Guy Gorochov, Avidan U. Neumann, Anne Kereveur, Christophe Parizot, Taisheng Li, Christine Katlama, Marina Karmochkine, Gilles Raguin, Brigitte Autran, Patrice Debré
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Urinary fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: C L Hall, N Pejhan, J M Terry, J D Blainey
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The urinary concentration of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) was measured in 90 patients with proteinuria above 2 g/1 and correlated with proteinuria, differential protein clearances, serum urea and creatinine, and renal biopsy findings. There was a linear correlation (r equals 0-7; P less than 0-001) between the urinary F.D.P. excretion and the selectivity of the proteinuria such that patients with highly selective proteinuria excreted only small amounts of F.D.P. whereas those with non-selective proteinuria excreted much higher levels. There was a significant correlation between the urinary F.D.P. excretion and the urine:serum (U:S) ratio of IgG excretion but not with the U:S ratio or urinary excretion of albumin or transferrin. Sephadex G200 column chromatography of the concentrated urine in 26 cases showed that patients with highly selective proteinuria excreted predominantly F.D.P. of low molecular weight in the urine whereas those with non-selective proteinuria excreted mainly fibrinogen and products of high molecular weight. Hence the type and quantity of F.D.P. in the urine are determined primarily by the differential filtration of fibrinogen and the various degradation products from the plasma through the glomerular basement membrane, which in turn is determined by the "pore size" of the basement membrane. In clinical nephrology measurement of the urinary F.D.P. level provides a rapid and convenient means of estimating the differential protein clearance.
[305] PERIPORTAL DOWNREGULATION OF Bsep AND Mrp2 IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTRUCTIVE CHOLESTASIS IS MEDIATED BY TNF-ALPHA AND IL1-BETA AND IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPORTAL INFLAMMATION AND CYTOKINE SECRETION
Authors: M.G. Donner, S. Schumacher, U. Warskulat, J. Heinemann, D. Haeussinger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Using the Framingham model to predict heart disease in the United Kingdom: retrospective study
Authors: S Ramachandran
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editorial by Jackson 

Guidelines on the use of drugs to lower serum concentrations of lipids to prevent coronary heart disease target treatment to patients who have a high absolute risk of the disease. Although a patient's absolute risk of heart disease can be derived using risk tables1 —for example, the Sheffield table—these are based on the Framingham model which may not be applicable to the population in the United Kingdom.2 We aimed to determine whether the Framingham model accurately predicts the risk of coronary heart disease among white men and women in the United Kingdom.

A cross section of the population of Whickham, north east England, was enrolled in a study of ischaemic heart disease between 1972 and 1974 and followed up 20 years later.3 At baseline, data was collected on body mass index, family history of coronary heart disease, fasting glucose concentrations, and triglyceride concentrations. Standardised WHO questionnaires on chest pain were administered, and the information necessary to complete the Framingham model (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, presence of left ventricular hypertrophy, presence of diabetes, and smoking habits4 was also collected, with the exception of concentrations of …
Perioperative Maintenance of Normal Temperature-Reply
Authors: S. M. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Berry raises the important point of whether preoperative β-adrenergic blocker use was an effect modifier in our study and suggests that further analysis of the data might improve our understanding of the mechanism for hypothermia-induced perioperative cardiovascular complications. Approximately 30% of the patients in our study were receiving β-adrenergic blockers preoperatively. Patients taking β-blockers had an approximate 2-fold increase in relative risk for early postoperative morbid cardiac events. Several reasons might explain this finding, and we have further analyzedour data to investigate these possibilities. First, it appears that the subgroup of patients using ²-blockers had more advanced cardiovascular disease (Table). Second, because oral medication usually was withheld in the immediate postoperative period, it is
Cell type-dependent effects of corticosteroid on periostin production by primary human tissue cells
Authors: T. Shoda, K. Futamura, F. Kobayashi, H. Saito, K. Matsumoto, A. Matsuda
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Overproduction of periostin, an IL-13-inducible matricellular protein, despite corticosteroid treatment is thought to be involved in the chronicity of allergic inflammation seen in corticosteroid-refractory tissue fibrosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that some tissue cells must produce periostin in a corticosteroid-insensitive manner. Here, we show that IL-4 and IL-13 each induced comparable levels of periostin production by primary normal human fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells derived from lung and skin. Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, completely inhibited IL-4/13-induced, but did not affect TGF-β-induced, periostin production by fibroblasts. In contrast, dexamethasone synergistically enhanced IL-4/13-induced periostin production by microvascular endothelial cells. TGF-β did not induce periostin production by microvascular endothelial cells. Our novel findings suggest that IL-4/13-induced microvascular endothelium-derived and/or TGF-β-induced fibroblast-derived periostin might play a pivotal role in corticosteroid-refractory tissue fibrosis, leading to chronic allergic inflammation in the lung and/or skin.
High-dose imatinib mesylate combined with vincristine and dexamethasone (DIV regimen) as induction therapy in patients with resistant Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: D Rea, L Legros, E Raffoux, X Thomas, P Turlure, S Maury, B Dupriez, A Pigneux, B Choufi, O Reman, D Stéphane, B Royer, M Vigier, M Ojeda-Uribe, C Recher, H Dombret, F Huguet, P Rousselot
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions—systematic literature survey of follow-up
Authors: Yoon Kong Loke, Deirdre Price, Sheena Derry, Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To determine whether anecdotal reports of suspected adverse drug reactions are valuable early warning signals. <b>Design</b> Systematic literature survey <b>Data sources</b> We evaluated all case reports of adverse drug reactions published in 1997 in five medical journals. Reports were excluded if the adverse reaction had previously been described in earlier publications and was already listed in the product information of the drug reference source (the <i>British National Formulary</i> (<i>BNF</i>) or the <i>Medicines Compendium</i>). We used the Web of Knowledge Citation Index and Medline for 2003 to identify follow-up studies. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary: the number of suspected adverse reactions subjected to formal validation studies and the findings of these studies. Secondary: the number of instances in which the warning from the case report was incorporated into the product information. <b>Results</b> We evaluated 63 suspected adverse reactions and found that most (52/63, 83%) had not yet been subjected to further detailed evaluation. Data from controlled studies that supported the postulated link between the drug and the adverse event were available in only three cases. Of the 48 agents listed in the drug reference sources, details of the suspected reaction were subsequently added to the <i>Medicines Compendium</i> in 15 instances, and to the <i>BNF</i> in seven instances. In each case, only one reaction had been confirmed. <b>Conclusions</b> Published case reports of suspected adverse reactions are of limited value as suspicions are seldom subjected to confirmatory investigation. Furthermore, these alerts are not incorporated into drug reference sources in a systematic manner.
Plasma fibronectin enhances phagocytosis of opsonized particles by human peripheral blood monocytes.
Authors: C G Pommier, S Inada, L F Fries, T Takahashi, M M Frank, E J Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We have investigated the effect of plasma fibronectin (Fn) on binding and phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes (E) by human peripheral blood monocytes. Unopsonized E were not phagocytosed in the absence or presence of Fn, but Fn enhanced the phagocytosis of E bearing IgG. Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with IgM and C3b were ingested only when monocytes were exposed to Fn. The Fn enhancement of phagocytosis occurred for both fluid-phase and glass-adherent monocytes. Experiments in which Fn was washed out before mixing monocytes with opsonized E demonstrated that the Fn effect occurred because of interaction with the monocytes and not the opsonized particles. Chromatography of the Fn on Biogel A 1.5m showed that the phagocytosis-enhancing activity exactly co-chromatographed with the Fn protein. Fn did not increase the number of monocyte membrane receptors for the Fc fragment of monomeric IgG. We conclude that Fn enhances monocyte phagocytosis, not by binding to particles as a conventional opsonin, but by stimulating monocytes to ingest already opsonized particles more avidly.
Dye Tracers Define Differential Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Coupling Patterns Within the Arteriolar Wall
Authors: T. L. Little, J. Xia, B. R. Duling
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Dye tracers were chosen, based on net charge, chemical structure, and reactive groups, to test for the existence of and to provide novel insight into channel selectivities of junctional pathways connecting smooth muscle and endothelial cells of the arteriolar wall. Dyes were injected into individual smooth muscle or endothelial cells of hamster cheek pouch arterioles using microiontophoresis. Coupling, independent of tracer net charge, was seen both within and between cell layers. Endothelial cells were well coupled by all of the tested dyes. Smooth muscle junctions appeared less effective in dye transfer than endothelial junctions. Lucifer yellow was confirmed to be a poor tracer of smooth muscle gap junctions, and remarkably this dye and other related sulfate-containing molecules interfered with dye movement through smooth muscle but not endothelial junctions. Myoendothelial junctions showed a striking polarity of dye movement, with dye transfer from endothelial to smooth muscle cells but little or no transfer in the reverse direction. Because the dyes have size and charge characteristics similar to those of known cellular second messengers, these findings have important implications for cell-cell signaling in the vessel wall.
The 'hearty' fat: adipocytes as a source of functional cardiomyocytes
Authors: A. Barbuti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Repair of tissues or organs, characterized by a limited regenerative potential, is the major goal of cell therapy. Cardiac pathologies are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in industrialized countries, and current treatments are aimed at preserving the cardiac function compromised by the pathology rather than restoring the proper functions. The discovery of various stem/progenitor cells with different degrees of plasticity has opened the possibility to regenerate the lost myocardium and thus to improve cardiac function.

Stem cells can be classified as pluripotent or multipotent on the basis of their differentiation capacity. Although the ability of pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes is well established,1,2 their high teratogenic potential is one of the major limitations of their use in therapeutic interventions.3,4 Multipotent stem cells of mesodermal origin such as haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), skeletal myoblasts, and cardiac stem cells (CSCs), might represent a more suitable source of cells for autologous interventions. Unfortunately, their ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes is still being debated.5 Adipose tissue is composed of mature adipocytes and of adipose stromal cells (ASCs), and it has recently emerged as a … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +39 02 503 14941, Fax: +39 02 503 14932, Email: andrea.barbuti{at}unimi.it
A Case of X-ray Dermatitis
Authors: R. A. C. Rigby, W. J. Mowat
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MEDICAL JOURNALand diameter of red corpuscles), on the common physical signs of pernicious anaemia, and on the good results of liver therapy.Nevertheless not all these cases have the convincing features of true pernicious anaemia, and it would be preferable to speak of macrocytic anaemia.This condition may be due to two causes: first, it may be a lack of intrinsic factor as found in a typical case of pernicious anaemia; secondly, it may be that owing to artificial inter- ference with the flow of the intestinal contents the extrinsic and the inttinsic factor are unable to unite and be absorbed in the normal manner.Our thanks are due to the late Dr. Alexander Goodall for his permission to record these cases.
Multinational Drug Companies: Issues in Drug Discovery and Development
Authors: James J. Brophy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

All I really need to know I learned in<i>Multinational Drug Companies:</i> Share information. Treat people fairly and they will produce for you. Never threaten—reason with people. Eschew hype. Stealing research data is a no-no. Promote people who are capable even if you don't like them. Avoid sexy drugs with pedestrian effects. Get rid of constipated ideas. Warm feelings and cold reason are good for you. Balance work effort with resources. Sometimes it is necessary to sleep on an idea. Watch for predictable trouble spots. Decisions should be reached by consensus. If you forget the past, you are bound to repeat it. The drugs work and it is usually later that we find out why. Drugs, like people, die—unexpectedly or in a lingering way. The intended audience includes executives in the drug industry; scientists and clinicians directly involved in drug discovery and development; and anybody who interacts with drugs and
Response of human coronary arteries to aggregating platelets: importance of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and prostanoids.
Authors: U Förstermann, A Mügge, S M Bode, J C Frölich
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Epicardial human coronary arteries (HCA) were obtained during heart transplantation. Strip preparations were mounted for isometric tension recording. Tension was induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha (0.3-3 microM). Aggregating human platelets (10(7)/ml and 10(8)/ml) caused marked relaxation if the endothelium of the HCA was intact, but produced modest additional constriction if the endothelium was removed. The endothelium-dependent relaxations to platelets were slightly enhanced in the presence of methysergide (1 microM) or after treatment of the platelets with the thromboxane synthase inhibitor dazmegrel (1 mM, 30 minutes). Relaxations to platelets were markedly inhibited or abolished in the presence of apyrase (1 unit/ml), after selective pretreatment of HCA with gossypol or methylene blue (both 30 microM, 30 minutes), or after addition of hemoglobin (20 microM) to the organ bath. Pretreatment of HCA (not the platelets) with aspirin (30 microM, 30 minutes) had no significant effect on platelet-induced relaxations. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (0.1-100 microM) induced marked relaxations in endothelium-intact and much smaller relaxations in endothelium-denuded HCA. A low concentration (10 nM) of serotonin (5-HT) produced modest endothelium-dependent relaxations, higher concentrations (0.1-1 microM) led to increases in tension (also in the presence of endothelium). The thromboxane A2 mimetic U44069 (1-100 nM) was the most potent constrictor of HCA irrespective of the presence or absence of endothelium. After inhibition of thromboxane synthase, platelets produced large amounts of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha. Both prostaglandins constricted HCA, which can explain the limited effects of dazmegrel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)