tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calcium Phosphate Colloid: Possible Nidus for Metastatic Calcification In Hypercalcemia
Authors: Tapan K. Chaudhuri
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Metastatic calcification occurs in patients with hypercalcemia of diverse etiologies. Ectopic calcification has been documented in patients with long-standing hypercalcemia without specific treatment and in patients with hypercalcemia who have been receiving prolonged phosphate therapy. However, the exact mechanism of pathogenesis of metastatic calcification is not yet clear. A working hypothesis has been proposed based on animal and human data (<i>Lancet</i>1:590,1972;<i>Chest</i>61:190, 1972). The hypothesis in essence tells that under normal conditions, the body keeps the serum calcium and phosphorus level in homeostasis so that their solubility product does not exceed the point beyond which they exist in solid phase. Whenever there is imbalance of serum calcium or phosphorus, or both, the solubility product of calcium phosphate is exceeded beyond the normal value (about 2.6 × 10<sup>-30</sup>) resulting in formation of colloidal particles of calcium phosphate in the blood (<i>J Nucl Med</i>12:347,1971). These
Keeping in Trim: Nailed Doc Docks Nails-Reply
Authors: B. J. Divine
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To. the Editor.—</h3> In their March 28, 1986, article, "Epidemiologic Support for Ethylene Oxide as a Cancer-Causing Agent," Hogstedt et al<sup>1</sup>assert that there is a strong indication that ethylene oxide is a carcinogen even at low-level exposures. The evidence presented in the article to substantiate this claim is very weak and certainly lends no credence to the authors' theory. The major piece of supporting evidence for this claim appears to be the results of the study at plant 3, where there was one leukemia death vs 0.16 expected. The single case of leukemia for plant 3 occurred in group C, where workers had multiple chemical exposures and the lowest ethylene oxide exposures. What does stand out as significant is the fact that for all three plants the leukemia cases were observed in individuals with multiple chemical exposure and that no leukemia was observed in exposure groups A and
Putting Predictions to the Test
Authors: Sandra L. Wong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2015)

The Centers for Medicare andMedicaid Services have implemented financial penalties for hospitals with above-average readmission rates, andhospitals aredirectingquality improvementefforts atpredictingand preventing readmissions after surgery. Although clinicians are often aware of the risk factors for readmission, predictive models provide objective data, and their use is preferable over clinical judgment.1 Nomograms are a specific type of tool that offers individualized predictions. Rather than enumerating risk factors or creating risk groupings, nomograms incorporate weights for variables based on their prognostic significance. The quantification of risk factors allows nomograms to give continuous probability estimates of a given outcome. By reducing heterogeneity and taking multiple variables into account simultaneously, nomogram predictions yield a precise prognostication for each patient. In their study, Tevis et al2 develop a nomogram that predicts postoperative readmissions with high accuracy. Ideally, predictivemodels canbeprospectively applied to larger patient populations, and external validation is valuable in this regard. Tevis and colleagues2 use prospective data to successfully validate their nomogram. However, the interpretationofseeminglyobjectivestatisticalmodels isoftenquite subjective.1 Predictions change with time and with the availability of additional data; secular changes in the health care environmentmust be accounted for as well. In fact, there appears to be adecreasing readmission rate over time in this retrospective study,2 and whether this is attributable to formal or informal interventions is unknown. Surgeons will be interested in this nomogram if it provides accurate predictions for their patient populations. Going forward, surgeons will need to focus on gaining a better understandingofwhy readmissionsoccur. The important and oftenunaddressed limitation to this tool andmanyother tools like it lies in what to do with the predictions rendered. What mustwedo toprevent readmissions?When consideringpostoperative readmissions, we must also consider whether an ounce of prevention may be worth a pound of prediction.
Abstract 1612: Investigating NF-κB pathway as a novel therapeutic target in preclinical lung cancer mouse models
Authors: Wen Xue, Etienne Meylan, Trudy Oliver, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer represents the most frequent cancer type and the leading cause of cancer death (1.3 million worldwide). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC development is associated with frequent mutations in well-defined oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes such as Kras (30%) and p53 (50-70%). We recently demonstrated that hyper-activated NF-kB pathway in NSCLC is required for the initiation and maintenance of lung cancer, indicating this pathway as a promising therapeutic target. In this study, we tested therapeutic delivery of proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib (Velcade) to inhibit NF-κB pathway in NSCLC mouse models. In mouse lung cancer cell lines harboring KrasG12D and p53 loss (KP cells), Bortezomib efficiently reduced nuclear p65, repressed NF-kB target genes such as Bcl2 and rapidly induced apoptosis. The cell lines with high NF-kB activity are especially sensitive to Bortezomib. Using autochothonous mouse models and microCT imaging, we showed that Bortezomib treatment at a well-tolerated dose leads to lung tumor regression in mice and prolonged survival. Our results demonstrated using preclinical mouse models to study cancer treatment response and supported NF-kB pathway as an effective therapeutic target in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1612. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1612
Treatment for lateral epicondylitis: variables related to recovery.
Authors: S G Gerberich, J D Priest
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a treatment regime utilised for lateral epicondylitis that is designed to expedite return to activity and to identify variables related to treatment outcomes. Patients treated in a sports medicine clinic between 1978 and 1980 received, by mail, a brief questionnaire investigating the variables of the injuries and level of success of the treatment. Specific techniques ensured confidentiality and validation of information. Through the analyses conducted, an inverse relationship in the total group between the level of success and the duration of pain was documented; for example, the mean durations of pain, 17.3 months, 10.3 months, and 6.3 months correlated, respectively, with the levels of success, 0 (no recovery), 2 (moderate recovery), and 4 (complete recovery). In addition, the application of multiple risk factor analysis, incorporating a maximum of eight variables, identified the degree of pain prior to treatment as the most important predictor of complete recovery; the greater the pain the more likely the complete success of the treatments. The implications of these findings include a need for early case-finding to elicit the most favourable outcomes of the treatment regime studied.
The Hopeless Case
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: JAMA (1962)

There are divergent views as to the physician's duty when a patient is critically ill. Some contend that the physician must sustain life as long as possible; others hold that he should alleviate suffering and make no effort to prolong life. The latter are supported by moralists. Physicians must recognize man's right to live and die peacefully. Otherwise lifepreserving treatment may become a scientific weapon for the prolongation of agony.
Skin lesions in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy: histological and immunological studies
Authors: M.G. BERNENGO, L. LEVI, G. ZINA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia is reported (AILD) in four patients with different skin pictures. As the disease progresses two main forms predominate: papulonodular and erythroderma. In all cases the histological picture of the skin mirrors that of the lymph-node. Our results point to an increase in the peripheral blood, lymph-nodes and skin of T and sub-sequently of B lymphocytes suggesting that a proliferation of helper T cells and hence activation of the B-cell subpopulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of AILD.
The Washington University— Barnes Hospital Experience With Lung Transplantation
Authors: Elbert P. Trulock
Journal: JAMA (1991)

--To review our experience with lung transplantation, emphasizing recipient selection, choice of procedure, functional results, and outcome.--Retrospective review of patients who received lung transplants at Barnes Hospital, St Louis, Mo, between July 1, 1988, and January 31, 1991.--Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo, and Barnes Hospital, a medical school and its affiliated referral hospital, respectively.--Sixty-nine lung transplant procedures were performed in 66 recipients. Patients with clinically and physiologically severe lung disease were selected according to predetermined guidelines. Underlying diseases in the recipients included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency emphysema, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, primary pulmonary hypertension, Eisenmenger's syndrome associated with an atrial septal defect, bronchiectasis, eosinophilic granuloma, and lymphangiomyomatosis.--Double-lung, bilateral sequential, and single-lung transplantations were performed. Eight patients underwent en bloc double-lung transplantations or a modification of this procedure with separate bronchial anastomoses. Thereafter, the bilateral sequential approach to replacement of both lungs was performed in 26 patients. Thirty-two patients underwent single-lung transplantations.--Pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas levels, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and actuarial survival.--Actuarial survival at 1 year for the 66 lung transplant recipients was 79%. Actuarial survival at 1 year was 82% for the bilateral lung transplant recipients and was 90% for the single-lung transplant recipients. In patients with either restrictive or obstructive lung disease, pulmonary function tests and arterial blood gas levels improved markedly after lung transplantation. In patients with primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger's syndrome, the pulmonary artery pressure decreased and the cardiac index increased into the normal range after single-lung transplantation.--In carefully selected patients with end-stage lung disease, single-lung and bilateral lung transplantations can significantly improve functional capacity, with promising early actuarial survival statistics after 1 year.
Liver sinusoidal endothelium: A microenvironment-dependent differentiation program in rat including the novel junctional protein liver endothelial differentiation-associated protein-1
Authors: Cyrill Géraud, Kai Schledzewski, Alexandra Demory, Diana Klein, Miriam Kaus, Francis Peyre, Carsten Sticht, Konstantin Evdokimov, Shun Lu, Astrid Schmieder, Sergij Goerdt
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Liver sinusoidal endothelium (LSEC) is a prime example of organ-specific microvascular differentiation and functions. Disease-associated capillarization of LSEC in vivo and dedifferentiation of LSEC in vitro indicate the importance of the hepatic microenvironment. To identify the LSEC-specific molecular differentiation program in the rat we used a two-sided gene expression profiling approach comparing LSEC freshly isolated ex vivo with both lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMEC) and with LSEC cultured for 42 hours. The LSEC signature consisted of 48 genes both down-regulated in LMEC and in LSEC upon culture (fold change &gt;7 in at least one comparison); quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmation of these genes included numerous family members and signaling pathway-associated molecules. The LSEC differentiation program comprised distinct sets of growth (Wnt2, Fzd4, 5, 9, Wls, vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGFR] 1, 2, 3, Nrp2) and transcription factors (Gata4, Lmo3, Tcfec, Maf) as well as endocytosis-related (Stabilin-1/2, Lyve1, and Ehd3) and cytoskeleton-associated molecules (Rnd3/RhoE). Specific gene induction in cultured LSEC versus freshly isolated LSEC as well as LMEC (Esm-1, Aatf) and up-regulation of gene expression to LMEC levels (CXCR4, Apelin) confirmed true transdifferentiation of LSEC in vitro . In addition, our analysis identified a novel 26-kDa single-pass transmembrane protein, liver endothelial differentiation-associated protein (Leda)-1, that was selectively expressed in all liver endothelial cells and preferentially localized to the abluminal cell surface. Upon forced overexpression in MDCK cells, Leda-1 was sorted basolaterally to E-cadherin-positive adherens junctions, suggesting functional involvement in cell adhesion and polarity. Conclusion: Comparative microvascular analysis in rat identified a hepatic microenvironment-dependent LSEC-specific differentiation program including the novel junctional molecule Leda-1. Hepatology 2010
A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Body Mass Index and Childhood Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke and Air Pollution: The Southern California Children’s Health Study
Authors: Rob McConnell, Ernest Shen, Frank D. Gilliland, Michael Jerrett, Jennifer Wolch, Chih-Chieh Chang, Frederick Lurmann, Kiros Berhane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Childhood body mass index (BMI) and obesity prevalence have been associated with exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), maternal smoking during pregnancy, and vehicular air pollution. There has been little previous study of joint BMI effects of air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure.Information on exposure to SHS and maternal smoking during pregnancy was collected on 3,318 participants at enrollment into the Southern California Children's Health Study. At study entry at average age of 10 years, residential near-roadway pollution exposure (NRP) was estimated based on a line source dispersion model accounting for traffic volume, proximity, and meteorology. Lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed by parent questionnaire. Associations with subsequent BMI growth trajectory based on annual measurements and attained BMI at 18 years of age were assessed using a multilevel modeling strategy.Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with estimated BMI growth over 8-year follow-up (0.72 kg/m2 higher; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.31) and attained BMI (1.14 kg/m2 higher; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.62). SHS exposure before enrollment was positively associated with BMI growth (0.81 kg/m2 higher; 95% CI: 0.36, 1.27) and attained BMI (1.23 kg/m2 higher; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.61). Growth and attained BMI increased with more smokers in the home. Compared with children without a history of SHS and NRP below the median, attained BMI was 0.80 kg/m2 higher (95% CI: 0.27, 1.32) with exposure to high NRP without SHS; 0.85 kg/m2 higher (95% CI: 0.43, 1.28) with low NRP and a history of SHS; and 2.15 kg/m2 higher (95% CI: 1.52, 2.77) with high NRP and a history of SHS (interaction p-value 0.007). These results suggest a synergistic effect.Our findings strengthen emerging evidence that exposure to tobacco smoke and NRP contribute to development of childhood obesity and suggest that combined exposures may have synergistic effects.
Severe renal dysfunction complicating cardiogenic shock is not a contraindication to mechanical support as a bridge to cardiac transplantation
Authors: Umesh N Khot, Micky Mishra, M.Hilal Yamani, Nicholas G Smedira, Emil Paganini, Mike Yeager, Tiffany Buda, Patrick M McCarthy, James B Young, Randall C Starling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Limited Surgery and Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Jay R. Harris, Samuel Hellman, David W. Kinne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Over the past five years, there has been increasing support for the use of conservative surgery combined with radiotherapy as primary treatment for women with early breast cancer. This support is based on published reports from both retrospective studies,1 2 3 4 5 which have demonstrated that this approach can provide high levels of local tumor control and good cosmetic results, and prospective randomized clinical trials,6 , 7 which have indicated that the outcome of this approach is comparable to that obtained with mastectomy.Although there is general agreement regarding the conceptual aspects of this approach, there has been little consensus regarding the technical details of . . .
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF SUCCESSFUL BALLOON DILATION FOR CONGENITAL VALVAR AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian, Anita Saxena, Naveen Khanna, Saurabh Gupta, Rajnish Juneja, Shyam Kothari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Aortic Valve Replacement in Elderly Patients With Cardiac Failure
Authors: Frank C. Spencer, J. Kent Trinkle, Ben Eiseman, John T. Reeves, Borys Surawicz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Four patients (ages 54, 59, 59, 62) with severe cardiac failure from aortic stenosis and insufficiency have been successfully operated upon. In each patient the diseased aortic valve was replaced with a Starr-Edwards ball-valve prosthesis. An impressive resolution of the cardiac failure promptly occurred; the left ventricular diastolic pressure in two patients decreased in the operating room from 40 to 10 mm Hg. Subsequently all four patients maintained an adequate cardiac output during their postoperative convalescence. One died from endocarditis three months after operation; the other three are asymptomatic three to nine months following operation.
2006 GI-5005 THERAPEUTIC VACCINE PLUS PEG-IFN/RIBAVIRIN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVES VIROLOGIC RESPONSE AND ALT NORMALIZATION AT END-OF-TREATMENT AND IMPROVES SVR24 COMPARED TO PEG-IFN/RIBAVIRIN IN GENOTYPE-1 CHRONIC HCV PATIENTS
Authors: I.M. Jacobson, J.G. McHutchison, T.D. Boyer, E.R. Schiff, G.T. Everson, P.J. Pockros, R.M. Chasen, J.M. Vierling, E.J. Lawitz, M. Kugelmas, N.C. Tsai, M.L. Shiffman, R.J. Buynak, A.M. Sheikh, B. Armstrong, T.C. Rodell, D. Apelian
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Conserved natural IgM antibodies mediate innate and adaptive immunity against the opportunistic fungus <i>Pneumocystis murina</i>
Authors: Rekha R. Rapaka, David M. Ricks, John F. Alcorn, Kong Chen, Shabaana A. Khader, Mingquan Zheng, Scott Plevy, Eva Bengtén, Jay K. Kolls
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Host defense against opportunistic fungi requires coordination between innate and adaptive immunity for resolution of infection. Antibodies generated in mice vaccinated with the fungus Pneumocystis prevent growth of Pneumocystis organisms within the lungs, but the mechanisms whereby antibodies enhance antifungal host defense are poorly defined. Nearly all species of fungi contain the conserved carbohydrates β-glucan and chitin within their cell walls, which may be targets of innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we show that natural IgM antibodies targeting these fungal cell wall carbohydrates are conserved across many species, including fish and mammals. Natural antibodies bind fungal organisms and enhance host defense against Pneumocystis in early stages of infection. IgM antibodies influence recognition of fungal antigen by dendritic cells, increasing their migration to draining pulmonary lymph nodes. IgM antibodies are required for adaptive T helper type 2 (Th2) and Th17 cell differentiation and guide B cell isotype class-switch recombination during host defense against Pneumocystis. These experiments suggest a novel role for the IgM isotype in shaping the earliest steps in recognition and clearance of this fungus. We outline a mechanism whereby serum IgM, containing ancient specificities against conserved fungal antigens, bridges innate and adaptive immunity against fungal organisms.
Prevalence and prognostic impact of allelic imbalances associated with leukemic transformation of Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Nils H. Thoennissen, Utz O. Krug, Dhong Hyun Tony Lee, Norihiko Kawamata, Gabriela B. Iwanski, Terra Lasho, Tamara Weiss, Daniel Nowak, Maya Koren-Michowitz, Motohiro Kato, Masashi Sanada, Lee-Yung Shih, Arnon Nagler, Sophie D. Raynaud, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Ruben Mesa, Torsten Haferlach, D. Gary Gilliland, Ayalew Tefferi, Seishi Ogawa, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Blood (2010)
Glucose Titration Studies in Patients with Chronic Progressive Renal Disease*
Authors: Richard E. Rieselbach, Steward W. Shankel, Eduardo Slatopolsky, Herbert Lubowitz, Neal S. Bricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Glucose titration studies were performed on 17 patients with either chronic pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis. Glomerular filtration rates for the group ranged from 4.3 to 58.1 ml per minute. In none of the patients in whom the glomerular filtration rate was over 15 ml per minute was there appreciable splay, and the mean titration curve for these patients resembled that obtained by Smith and associates in normal man (1). In half of this group of eight patients, GFR ranged from 16.6 to 22.7 ml per minute; in the other half values ranged from 42.3 to 58.1 ml per minute. Yet, the mean titration curves were identical for the two groups. In addition, no difference was observed in the titration curves for patients with pyelonephritis and those with glomerulonephritis. In patients with GFR values below 15 ml per minute, increased splay was observed, and below a GFR of 10 ml per minute, the splay was very marked. Both the absence of exaggerated splay in patients with reduction of glomerular filtration rate by as much as 85%, and the emergence of exaggerated splay in patients with more marked reduction of GFR, require explanation. Theoretical considerations are presented in the text.
Heterogeneity in fairness views: A challenge to the mutualistic approach?
Authors: Alexander W. Cappelen, Bertil Tungodden
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

This commentary argues that the observed heterogeneity in fairness views, documented in many economic experiments, poses a challenge to the partner choice theory developed by Baumard et al. It also discusses the extent to which their theory can explain how people consider inequalities due to pure luck.