tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Fever: A Critical Appraisal of Conventional Concepts
Authors: PHILIP A. MACKOWIAK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Because no systematic analysis of drug fever has been done, there has been no means for testing the validity of published characterizations of this clinical entity. We reviewed the clinical characteristics of 51 episodes of drug fever in 45 patients hospitalized at two Dallas hospitals between 1959 and 1986, and 97 episodes reported in the English literature between 1966 and 1986. Unlike characterizations found in textbooks and review articles, we found relative bradycardia in a minority of cases reviewed; little risk associated with rechallenge unless underlying cardiovascular disease was present; no characteristic fever pattern; a highly variable lag time between the initiation of the offending agent and the onset of fever; an infrequent association with either rash or eosinophilia; and no apparent association of drug fever with systemic lupus erythematosus, atopy, female sex, or advanced age.
Improving the Fecal Occult-Blood Test
Authors: David F. Ransohoff, Christopher A. Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Each year 60,000 people in the United States die of colorectal cancer. Current approaches to screening can reduce that number by perhaps one third. One clinical trial in the United States has demonstrated a reduction in mortality associated with yearly screening with the use of rehydrated Hemoccult II slides,1 and two of three European trials will provide data about non-rehydrated slides.24 Sigmoidoscopy also appears to be effective.5 At present, screening for colorectal cancer is performed infrequently, although for more than a decade it has been widely, if not universally,6 recommended for people over the age of 50 years.Fecal . . .
Sex steroid hormone receptor analysis in malignant melanoma
Authors: EVA-MARIA KOKOSCHKA, JURGEN SPONA, ROBERT KNOBLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Melanomas, as well as benign pigmented nevi, long-term cell cultures of melanoma cells and sixty-six normal skin biopsies, were evaluated for oestrogen and androgen receptor activity by a dextran-coated charcoal method. Oestrogen-binding was observed in 16% and androgen-binding in 40% of all investigated tumours. Normal skin showed 4% oestrogen and 41% androgen receptor activity; melanoma cell cultures expressed the same sex steroid hormone binding as tumour material. The quantitative receptor expression was found to be significantly higher in female than in male melanoma patients. Even though the study shows that to a certain extent malignant melanoma is a hormone dependent tumour, it seems that sex steroid hormones are not exclusively related to the biological behaviour of this tumour. In future, investigations should be expanded to other hormonal influences.
Doctors, Patients, and Health Insurance: Organization and Financing of Medical Care
Authors: Charleen Drotning
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In<i>Doctors, Patients, and Health Insurance</i>, a political scientist, Herman Somers, and his wife give their particular diagnosis and prescription for the organization and financing of medical care. They "believe that the fellowship of scholars owes society something more than the accumulation of facts; it has an obligation to seek and communicate large and usable meanings" (p. xiii). The 25 chapters separated into 7 parts provide a comprehensive review of the financing and organization of medical care. The massive array of material is organized with unusual imagination and presented skillfully and colorfully. A loose economic framework of supply, demand, and the marketplace coordinates the numerous facets of medical care. Many broad, controversial areas are discussed such as the supply of physicians, the organization of physicians' services, the role and function of the hospital and other facilities, the adequacy of voluntary health insurance, accessibility of medical care, interpretation of the rise
Benign Postmenopausal Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Frank P. Paloucek
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequency with which carcinoma, both genital and extragenital, would eventually develop in women with benign postmenopausal bleeding. A total of 1,257 such women and an equal number of matched controls were available for study and observed for ten to 40 years after their initial visit. Ten study and ten control patients were lost to follow-up. The conclusions drawn from the results of follow-up indicate there is a small chance that gynecologic carcinoma will develop in these women at some time in the future but cancer of all sites will develop more frequently in them than in women who do not experience postmenopausal bleeding.
Interferon-α Treatment and Formation of Factor VIII Antibodies
Authors: Eveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 May 1997Interferon-α Treatment and Formation of Factor VIII AntibodiesEveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten, MD, PhD, Marjolein Damen, MD, and H. Marijke van den Berg, MD, PhDEveline P. Mauser-Bunschoten, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital Utrecht, 3508 AG Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, Marjolein Damen, MDUniversity Hospital Utrecht, 3508 AG Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this author, and H. Marijke van den Berg, MD, PhDUniversity Hospital Utrecht, 3508 AG Utrecht, the NetherlandsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-10-199705150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Stricker states that if no patients with mild hemophilia were included in our study, the conclusion should be that interferon-α therapy for chronic hepatitis C is not associated with alloantibody formation in patients with severe hemophilia. Indeed, we agree with this conclusion because the interferon-α group included only one patient with mild hemophilia. Most patients with severe hemophilia who received clotting factor concentrate before 1991 are infected with hepatitis C virus and need antiviral treatment (including interferon-α); thus, the conclusion of our study is of importance for such patients. The patient in our study who had clinical ...References1. Stricker RB, Barlogie B, Kiprov DD. Acquired factor VIII inhibitor associated with chronic interferon-α therapy. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21:350-2. Google Scholar2. Castenskiold EC, Colvin BT, Kelsey SM. Acquired factor VIII inhibitor associated with chronic interferon-α therapy in a patient with haemophilia A. Br J Haematol. 1994; 87:434-6. Google Scholar3. Rosendaal FR, Nieuenhuis HK, van den Berg HM, Heijboer H, Mauser-Bunschoten EP, van der Meer J, et al. A sudden increase in factor VIII inhibitor development in multitransfused hemophilia A patients in The Netherlands. Blood. 1993; 81:2180-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Utrecht, 3508 AG Utrecht, the Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 10Page: 829-830KeywordsAntibodiesAntibody productionAutoantibodiesChronic hepatitis CHemophiliaHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisRetrospective studies ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Warfarin-Chloral Hydrate Interaction
Authors: JOHN A. UDALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Investigations of the pharmacology and clinical significance of warfarin-chloral hydrate interaction have yielded conflicting results. The effect of chloral hydrate was studied among 14 volunteers during the initiation and the maintenance of long-term warfarin therapy. Prothrombin times were measured twice daily during a double-blind anticoagulant induction experiment in which chloral hydrate and a placebo were administered alternately to nine subjects. Prothrombin times were measured 4 times weekly during a long-term experiment before, during, and after chloral hydrate administration in 10 patients. A minor degree of warfarin potentiation was observed during the induction experiment, but there was no significant change in anticoagulant control during or after chloral hydrate administration in the long-term study. All published data relating to the warfarin-chloral hydrate interaction is reviewed. Warfarin and chloral hydrate interact pharmacologically, but the result is insignificant clinically.
Cardiovascular responses to repeated treadmill exercise testing soon after myocardial infarction.
Authors: W L Haskell, R DeBusk
Journal: Circulation (1979)

To determine the response to repeated treadmill exercise testing soon after uncomplicated myocardial infarction, 24 males (mean age 54 +/- 6 years) performed two symptom-limited tests several days apart 3, 7 and 11 weeks after the acute event. Significant within-week differences were noted for peak exercise tolerance (mets) and peak heart rate at 7 weeks (p less than 0.05). Significant within-week differences in these variables were not noted for other weeks or for systolic blood pressure or heart rate-systolic blood pressure product for any of the three test periods. No significant within-week differences were noted for any variable recorded at a submaximal work load of 4 mets. The frequency of exercise-induced ischemic ST-segment depression, angina pectoris and premature ventricular complexes did not change from visit to visit and was highly reproducible (p less than 0.01). All test variables measured at peak exercise increased significantly between 3 and 11 weeks after infarction. We conclude that cardiovascular responses to symptom-limited exercise testing are highly reproducible in the 3 months after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Changes in the response to treadmill exercise tests performed several weeks apart reflect alterations in cardiovascular performance.
An APOBEC cytidine deaminase mutagenesis pattern is widespread in human cancers
Authors: Steven A Roberts, Michael S Lawrence, Leszek J Klimczak, Sara A Grimm, David Fargo, Petar Stojanov, Adam Kiezun, Gregory V Kryukov, Scott L Carter, Gordon Saksena, Shawn Harris, Ruchir R Shah, Michael A Resnick, Gad Getz, Dmitry A Gordenin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Human villous adenomas engrafted into scid mice survive for prolonged period without malignant transformation.
Authors: H L Bumpers, T R Alosco, H Q Wang, N J Petrelli, E L Hoover, R B Bankert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Human villous adenomas are thought to represent premalignancies that subsequently give rise to colorectal adenocarcinomas. Currently there is no in vivo model in which to study the dedifferentiation and malignant transformation of these tumors. We establish here that human villous adenomas can be successfully engrafted into severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Furthermore, these xenografts remain viable for up to 18 mo after either a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal inoculation of the human tissue. Tumors grew slowly and secreted a clear mucinous fluid. Examination of the tumors histologically at 1, 4, and 12 mo after implantation revealed that the villous polypoid structure was maintained and islands of atypical cells were observed within pockets of mucin surrounding the adenomatous tissue. No gross or histologic evidence of malignancy was detected throughout the 20-mo observation period. The human identity of the cells in the graft was confirmed by DNA in situ hybridization with a human-specific probe. We conclude that the human-scid xenograft described here represents a viable animal model with which to study the potential malignant dedifferentiation of villous adenomas over a prolonged period of time and to evaluate the possible contribution of selected oncogenic vectors on the malignant transformation of these adenomas.
Comparison of Nonmydriatic Digital Retinal Imaging versus Dilated Ophthalmic Examination for Nondiabetic Eye Disease in Persons with Diabetes
Authors: Sing-Pey Chow, Lloyd M. Aiello, Jerry D. Cavallerano, Paula Katalinic, Kristen Hock, Ann Tolson, Rita Kirby, Sven-Erik Bursell, Lloyd Paul Aiello
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
Agricultural Pesticide Use and Hypospadias in Eastern Arkansas
Authors: Kristy J. Meyer, John S. Reif, D.N. Rao Veeramachaneni, Thomas J. Luben, Bridget S. Mosley, John R. Nuckols
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

We assessed the relationship between hypospadias and proximity to agricultural pesticide applications using a GIS-based exposure method.
Aminophylline for COPD exacerbations? Not usually
Authors: G I Town
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Evidence to suggest that aminophylline should not be used in mild to moderate COPD exacerbations

Theophylline is one of those medications that has intrigued and possibly confused clinicians and pharmacologists alike since the mid 19th century. Related agents caffeine and theobromine were used in the 1930s as bronchodilators, and theophylline developed an established place in the management of acute airflow obstruction associated with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during the mid 1900s.1

Pharmacologically, theophylline is characterised principally as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. Its main biological action is to block the inactivation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP giving rise to bronchodilation, increased ciliary beat frequency, and reduced inflammatory cell numbers in the airways. However, it has been observed that other PDE inhibitors do not exert such effects, which suggests that other activities may be relevant. Theophylline also acts as an adenosine receptor antagonist, which may be relevant to its desirable effects and probably gives rise to a number of the side effects seen with use of this agent …
Conversation with a pill
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

“You don’t appreciate us,” he lamented, sitting on the edge of the desk, little legs dangling in the air. “No thanks, just complaints about dependence, cost, side effects. ‘For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitor’s arm, Quite vanquished him; then burst his mighty heart.’⇑

“Think about it,” he continued. “We are convenient, easily transported, eminently suitable for use in the home. Our quality can be monitored, standardised, and regulated; our dosages …
Mechanism of Action and Preclinical Antitumor Activity of the Novel Hypoxia-Activated DNA Cross-Linking Agent PR-104
Authors: Adam V. Patterson, Dianne M. Ferry, Shelley J. Edmunds, Yongchuan Gu, Rachelle S. Singleton, Kashyap Patel, Susan M. Pullen, Kevin O. Hicks, Sophie P. Syddall, Graham J. Atwell, Shangjin Yang, William A. Denny, William R. Wilson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Hypoxia is a characteristic of solid tumors and a potentially important therapeutic target. Here, we characterize the mechanism of action and preclinical antitumor activity of a novel hypoxia-activated prodrug, the 3,5-dinitrobenzamide nitrogen mustard PR-104, which has recently entered clinical trials.Cytotoxicity in vitro was evaluated using 10 human tumor cell lines. SiHa cells were used to characterize metabolism under hypoxia, by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and DNA damage by comet assay and gammaH2AX formation. Antitumor activity was evaluated in multiple xenograft models (PR-104 +/- radiation or chemotherapy) by clonogenic assay 18 h after treatment or by tumor growth delay.The phosphate ester "pre-prodrug" PR-104 was well tolerated in mice and converted rapidly to the corresponding prodrug PR-104A. The cytotoxicity of PR-104A was increased 10- to 100-fold by hypoxia in vitro. Reduction to the major intracellular metabolite, hydroxylamine PR-104H, resulted in DNA cross-linking selectively under hypoxia. Reaction of PR-104H with chloride ion gave lipophilic cytotoxic metabolites potentially able to provide bystander effects. In tumor excision assays, PR-104 provided greater killing of hypoxic (radioresistant) and aerobic cells in xenografts (HT29, SiHa, and H460) than tirapazamine or conventional mustards at equivalent host toxicity. PR-104 showed single-agent activity in six of eight xenograft models and greater than additive antitumor activity in combination with drugs likely to spare hypoxic cells (gemcitabine with Panc-01 pancreatic tumors and docetaxel with 22RV1 prostate tumors).PR-104 is a novel hypoxia-activated DNA cross-linking agent with marked activity against human tumor xenografts, both as monotherapy and combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Phase II Multicenter Trial of Imatinib in 10 Histologic Subtypes of Sarcoma Using a Bayesian Hierarchical Statistical Model
Authors: Rashmi Chugh, J. Kyle Wathen, Robert G. Maki, Robert S. Benjamin, Shreyaskumar R. Patel, Paul A. Myers, Dennis A. Priebat, Denise K. Reinke, Dafydd G. Thomas, Mary L. Keohan, Brian L. Samuels, Laurence H. Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE The purpose of this trial was to assess the efficacy of imatinib in patients with one of 10 different subtypes of advanced sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients were treated daily with imatinib dosed at 300 mg twice a day (for body-surface area > or = 1.5 m(2)). The primary end point was response (clinical benefit response [CBR]), defined as complete (CR) or partial response (PR) at 2 months, or stable disease, CR, or PR at 4 months. Rules for early termination within each disease type were based on a Bayesian hierarchical probability model (BHM) accounting for correlation of the responses of the 10 subtypes. Available tissue samples were analyzed for molecules within the KIT/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signal transduction pathway. Results One hundred eighty-five assessable patients with one of 10 subtypes of sarcoma were treated. One CR and three PRs were achieved. A CBR was achieved in 28 patients treated overall and by subtype: two angiosarcomas (n = 16), 0 Ewing (n = 13), one fibrosarcoma (n = 12), six leiomyosarcomas (n = 29), seven liposarcomas (n = 31), three malignant fibrous histiocytomas (n = 30), five osteosarcomas (n = 27), one malignant peripheral-nerve sheath tumor (n = 7), 0 rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2), and three synovial sarcomas (n = 22). Variable expression and mutations within the KIT/PDGFR pathway were observed. CONCLUSION This is the first phase II study of a new agent in sarcoma to include sufficient patients with each of the common histologic subtypes to permit generalizable conclusions. The BHM is an effective method for studying rare diseases and their subtypes, when it is reasonable to assume that their response rates are exchangeable. Although rare dramatic responses were seen, imatinib is not an active agent in advanced sarcoma in these subtypes.
Suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in man by a soluble T-cell factor. Specificity of the factor for both responder and stimulator.
Authors: E G Engleman, A J McMichael, H O McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

J.H., an HLA-Dw2 homozygous multiparous woman, fails to respond to her husband, W.H. (HLA Dw1,-) in the unidirectional mixed lymphocyte reaction. T cells from J.H. were previously shown to suppress the responses of Dw2-positive cells but not Dw2-negative cells to W.H. We now report that a soluble factor released into the supernate of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by J.H. T cells, mediates this suppression. Like the cell from which it is derived, the factor is highly specific for HLA Dw2 in the responder cell and partially specific for the stimulatory alloantigen.
Evaluation of reproducibility of a vessel wall movement detector system for assessment of large artery properties
Authors: M J F Kool, T v. Merode, R S Reneman, A P G Hoeks, H A J S. Boudier, L M A B V. Bortel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Arterial distensibility (DC) and compliance (CC) are vessel wall properties of large arteries that can be measured non-invasively with a custom made vessel wall movement detector system (VWMDS). This study investigated the reproducibility of this device in 10 volunteers.To investigate intraobserver intrasession and intraobserver intersession variability, arterial diameter (D) and relative change in diameter during the heart cycle (delta D/D) were measured in the elastic common carotid artery, and in the muscular femoral and brachial arteries. Interobserver intrasession variability was examined in common carotid artery by two observers, while interobserver variability on the same image was assessed for common carotid and femoral arteries. Variability was expressed as the coefficient of variation.For common carotid artery, intraobserver intrasession variability was 7.9(SEM 1.6)% (delta D/D), 4.5(1.1)% (D), 8.3(1.3)% (DC), and 9.1(2.6)% (CC), respectively. In femoral artery it was 12.4(2.2)% (delta D/D), 2.7(0.6)% (DC), 13.4(2.2)% (DC), and 12.5(2.1)% (CC). For brachial artery it was 13.4(2.8)% (delta D/D), 2.5(0.5)% (D), 16.1(2.5)% (DC), and 15.6(2.6)% (CC). Intraobserver intersession variability was comparable to intraobserver intrasession variability for all vessels. Interobserver intrasession variability for common carotid artery was 11.3(2.6)% (delta D/D) and 8.6(1.9)% (D), but was larger for DC and CC. Interobserver variability on the same image was < 5% for common carotid and femoral arteries.In conclusion, the vessel wall movement detector system has a good technical reproducibility. Intraobserver intrasession and intersession variability are comparable, and are larger in muscular arteries. This might be due to a larger variation in tone of these arteries, which are under permanent neurohumoral control. Interobserver intrasession variability was larger than intraobserver variability and might be influenced by differences in observers' skill and spontaneous variation in vessel wall properties.
Semaphorins as signals for cell repulsion and invasion
Authors: Yoshio Goshima, Takaaki Ito, Yukio Sasaki, Fumio Nakamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and transmembrane signaling proteins that regulate axonal guidance in the developing nervous system. Recent studies suggest that semaphorin receptors also act in such diverse processes as lymphocyte activation, control of vascular endothelial cell motility, and lung branching morphogenesis. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the intracellular signaling pathways employed by these molecules, focusing on several candidate molecules that help reorganize the cytoskeleton or alter patterns of intracellular transport during neuronal outgrowth. We then consider other cellular events, occurring outside of the nervous system, that are mediated by these semaphorins, their receptors, and associated molecules.