tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Jonathan Hutchinson
Authors: Ismaël Maatouk, Roy Moutran
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Jonathan Hutchinson is recognized as the foremost British syphilologist of the 19th century. His interest in syphilis began early in his career, in 1849, when he described 2 cases of keratitis associated with congenital syphilis (CS).1 He realized later that very little had been written about CS.1
Stronger campaign needed to end female genital mutilation
Authors: P. Abboud
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Female genital mutilation is considered to be the most dangerous ritual custom still practised. It is performed in 26 countries, and more than 100 million women have been mutilated, with two million girls subjected to the ordeal each year. The procedure is carried out in Western countries among immigrants from African countries, and it is estimated that the number of girls at risk or who have already been mutilated is 168 000 in the United States, 42 000 in France, and 10 000 in Britain.

We interviewed 14 African women who had undergone the procedure and were living in France. They were all members of African cultural associations unrelated to the campaign to abolish female genital mutilation. Thirteen had …
Seven Legal Barriers to End-of-Life Care&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;Myths, Realities, and Grains of Truth&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Alan Meisel
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine (ACP-ASIM) End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel was convened in 1997 to identify clinical, ethical, and policy problems in end-of-life care, to analyze critically the available evidence and guidelines, and to offer consensus recommendations on how to improve care of the dying. Topic selection and content presentation were carefully debated to maximize the project's focus on providing practical clinical and other guidance to clinicians who are not specialists in palliative care. This statement examines current legal myths, realities, and grains of truth in end-of-life care.The Consensus Panel comprises 13 medical and bioethics experts, clinicians, and educators in care at the end of life selected by the Ethics and Human Rights Committee, College leadership, and the Center for Ethics and Professionalism at the ACP-ASIM.A literature review including a MEDLINE search of articles from 1970-1998 and review of end-of-life care literature and organizational bibliographies was conducted. Unpublished sources were also identified by participants, as was anecdotal clinical experience.The draft statement was debated by panel members over a series of 3 to 4 meetings. For this statement, the initial draft and subsequent revised drafts were discussed in 1998-1999. The statement then underwent external peer review and revision before panel approval and the journal peer review process.Legal myths about end-of-life care can undermine good care and ethical medical practice. In addition, at times ethics, clinical judgment, and the law conflict. Patients (or families) and physicians can find themselves considering clinical actions that are ethically appropriate, but raise legal concerns. The 7 major legal myths regarding end-of-life care are: (1) forgoing life-sustaining treatment for patients without decision-making capacity requires evidence that this was the patient's actual wish; (2) withholding or withdrawing of artificial fluids and nutrition from terminally ill or permanently unconscious patients is illegal; (3) risk management personnel must be consulted before life-sustaining medical treatment may be terminated; (4) advance directives must comply with specific forms, are not transferable between states, and govern all future treatment decisions; oral advance directives are unenforceable; (5) if a physician prescribes or administers high doses of medication to relieve pain or other discomfort in a terminally ill patient, resulting in death, he/she will be criminally prosecuted; (6) when a terminally ill patient's suffering is overwhelming despite palliative care, and he/she requests a hastened death, there are no legally permissible options to ease suffering; and (7) the 1997 Supreme Court decisions outlawed physician-assisted suicide. Many legal barriers to end-of-life care are more mythical than real, but sometimes there is a grain of truth. Physicians must know the law of the state in which they practice. JAMA. 2000;284:2495-2501.
Readings in Medical Sociology
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In his preface to this book of readings in medical sociology, the author indicates that he had two main goals in preparing this volume: to provide a companion volume to his earlier textbook,<i>Medical Sociology</i>, ed 2 (New York, Free Press, 1978), and to introduce students of medical sociology to the main research and relevant policy questions and methodologies in the field. A number of "classic" articles are included, which undoubtedly appear on many medical sociology or behavior science reading lists. Compilation of these sources into a single reader to be used either in tandem with Dr Mechanic's textbook or as an independent instructional resource provides an integrative reference for the growing literature in the field of medical sociology. An argument that is especially well developed by the selection of readings is the importance of understanding the influence that social and environmental correlates have on the etiology of disease and
Mental time travel across the disciplines: The future looks bright
Authors: Thomas Suddendorf, Michael C. Corballis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract There is a growing interest in mental time travel in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, developmental psychology, comparative psychology, and evolutionary psychology. Here we review current issues in each of these disciplines. To help move the debates forward we name and distinguish 15 key hypotheses about mental time travel. We argue that foresight has for too long lived in the shadows of research on memory and call for further research efforts.
Prevention trumps treatment of antibody-mediated transplant rejection
Authors: Stuart J. Knechtle, Jean Kwun, Neal Iwakoshi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Belying the spectacular success of solid organ transplantation and improvements in immunosuppressive therapy is the reality that long-term graft survival rates remain relatively unchanged, in large part due to chronic and insidious alloantibody-mediated graft injury. Half of heart transplant recipients develop chronic rejection within 10 years - a daunting statistic, particularly for young patients expecting to achieve longevity by enduring the rigors of a transplant. The current immunosuppressive pharmacopeia is relatively ineffective in preventing late alloantibody-associated chronic rejection. In this issue of the JCI, Kelishadi et al. report that preemptive deletion of B cells prior to heart transplantation in cynomolgus monkeys, in addition to conventional posttransplant immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine, markedly attenuated not only acute graft rejection but also alloantibody elaboration and chronic graft rejection. The success of this preemptive strike implies a central role for B cells in graft rejection, and this approach may help to delay or prevent chronic rejection after solid organ transplantation.
A very bad report on regulating complementary medicine
Authors: D. Colquhoun
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I think that in this instance the Department of Health is right to think again about the recommendations in Pittilo’s report.1 Both the department and the report have tried to separate the question of safety from the question of efficacy. But that is surely nonsense. You can’t consider the cost-benefit ratio for any course of action without knowing something about the benefit. In fact the report does consider the efficacy of herbalism and acupuncture, …
STATE PROVISION FOR EPILEPTICS.
Authors: WILLIAM FRANCIS DREWRY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

who says : " The 'ba- cillus is not found in the chronic sores or necrosed tissues and bones of the anesthetic leper.Numerous and repeated examinations of sections of an ampu- tated finger showed no bacilli.''"The same author in his text-book published in 1894-only last year- states with his first sentence on the diagnosis of the anesthetic form of leprosy: " While the identifica- tion of the lepra bacillus in the tissues is rarely prac- ticable in nerve leprosy, yet the invariable presence
An Internist’s Experience in a Doctor-Patient Relationship Training Group (Balint Group)
Authors: A. Selvini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

A brief account is given of the personal experience collected taking part in two Balint groups for five years running. Some significant insight was acquired about the following topics: (a) Meeting the patient: first the personal relationship, then the diagnosis, (b) What type of relationship? (c) When the patient denies that he has any personal problems and refuses psychological help, (d) Doctor-patient interactions: act or react, (e) Verbal and nonverbal communication, (f) What is explicit and what is implicit, (g) Allways listen to the patient’s answer, (h) An easy way of helping: listen, restate, clarify, (i) Being chosen by the patient: a request for a personal relationship, (j) Know yourself and learn new ways of interacting.
Expression and regulation of 80K/MARCKS, a major substrate of protein kinase C, in the developing rat heart
Authors: C McGill
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a pivotal role in modulating the growth and differentiation of many cell types including the cardiac myocyte. However, little is known about molecules that act immediately downstream of PKC in the heart. In this study we have investigated the expression of 80K/MARCKS, a major PKC substrate, in whole ventricles and in cardiac myocytes from developing rat hearts. Methods: Poly A+ RNA was prepared from neonatal (2-day) and adult (42-day) cardiac myocytes and whole ventricular tissue and mRNA expression determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers designed to identify a 420 bp fragment in the 80K/MARCKS gene. Protein extracts were prepared from either 2-day and 42-day cardiac myocytes or from whole ventricular tissue at 2, 5–11, 14, 17, 21, 28 and 42 days of age. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting with an 80K/MARCKS antipeptide antibody and PKC activity was determined by measuring the amount of γ32P-ATP transferred to a specific peptide substrate. Results: RT-PCR analysis of 80K/MARCKS mRNA in neonatal (2-day) and adult (42-day) cardiac myocytes showed the expression of this gene in both cell types. Immunoblotting revealed maximum 80K/MARCKS protein expression in whole ventricular tissue at 5 days (a 75% increase above values at 2 days), followed by a transient decrease in expression during the 6–8-day period (61% of the protein expressed at 2 days for 8-day tissue) with levels returning to 5 day levels by 11 days of age. 80K/MARCKS protein was present in cardiac myocytes at 2 days of age whereas it was not detectable in adult cells. In addition, PKC activity levels increased to 160% of levels present at 2 days in 8-day-old ventricles with PKC activity levels returning to 5-day levels by 9 days of age. This was then followed by a steady decline in both 80K/MARCKS protein expression and PKC activity through to adulthood. Conclusions: Expression of the PKC substrate, 80K/MARCKS, in cardiac myocytes changes significantly during development and the transient loss of immunoreactive protein during the 6–8-day developmental period may reflect 80K/MARCKS phosphorylation and subsequent down-regulation as a result of the concomitant up-regulation of PKC activity at this time.
Culture of preimplantation embryos: facts and artifacts
Authors: Barry D. Bavister
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article Culture of preimplantation embryos: facts and artifacts Get access Barry D. Bavister Barry D. Bavister Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA Telephone: (608) 262-3177; Fax: (608) 262-7420 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1 January 1995, Pages 91–148, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.2.91 Published: 01 March 1995 Article history Received: 06 June 1994 Accepted: 31 August 1994 Published: 01 March 1995
Incontinence With Doxepin
Authors: Janet C. Kimbrough
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two recent notices in theThe Journalreport urinary incontinence with thioridazine. I would like to add a somewhat similar effect with doxepin hydrochloride (Sinequan). The patient, an elderly white woman, was hospitalized about two years ago for a cerebrovascular accident which caused right-sided hemiplegia with aphasia. An indwelling catheter was installed because of incontinence. She became depressed and was given doxepin hydrochloride, with good results. In a nursing home, I continued the doxepin hydrochloride, 25 mg four times a day since she was doing well emotionally. Because of recurrent urinary infection, the indwelling catheter was removed, with subsequent fair urinary control, but she had to void about every hour, which complicated the nursing care, especially at night. Frequent urinary infection continued. Her condition continued unchanged for about a year, at which time an itching rash appeared over the thighs and buttocks and did not respond to
Academic Medical Centers—Organizational Integration and Discipline Through Contractual and Firm Models
Authors: Ronald J. Daniels, Lindsey D. Carson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

OVER THE LAST SEVERAL DECADES, SUBSTANTIAL literature has developed regarding the roles, functions, and resources of—as well as the challenges facing—the academic medical center (AMC). Yet with some notable exceptions, little of the discussion surrounding the AMC has been informed by organizational theory, leaving underexamined how various organizational structures and approaches may reduce or exacerbate tensions among the AMC’s divergent stakeholders. Far from a purely theoretical inquiry, the exploration of how AMC organizational structures affect allocation of resources and sharing of risk as well as institutional abilities to respond to external and internal changes has profound implications for how these bastions in the landscape of modern health care can best achieve their scientific, financial, educational, and societal goals.
WHY 2,276 AMERICAN SOLDIERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEATER OF OPERATION WERE ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE, DESERTED, OR MISBEHAVED BEFORE THE ENEMY
Authors: MORSE P. MANSON, HARRY M. GRAYSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

Analyses were made of the reasons given by 2276 general prisoners for their commission of the three most frequently committed military offenses: AWOL, desertion, and misbehavior before the enemy. Large percentages of the AWOL groups and nearly all of the desertion and misbehavior cases had been combat troops. White and negro prisoner groups were compared. Thirty-five types of reasons given by the prisoners, were condensed into five major categories: neuropsychiatric, hedonistic, physical, military, and miscellaneous. Table IV presents the reasons given in rank order and by percentage, for the three offenses examined. Statistical treatment revealed that significant differences existed between the white and negro groups explaining AWOLs on neuropsychiatric and military reasons. Significant differences also were found in the misbehavior group for neuropsychiatric and miscellaneous reasons. Neuropsychiatric factors predominate in the prisoners' explanations of their offenses.
Fifty Years in a Mental Hospital
Authors: Jackson A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1962)

After hospitalization of 50 years or more, 47 psychiatric patients were examined and their records were reviewed. Typically, they had less than adequate adjustments prior to admission and remained grossly psychotic during the half century. From a medical viewpoint their longevity seemed remarkable. There was nothing in their symptoms on admission or in their behavior during the first years after admission that would distinguish these long-lived patients from others similarly ill. The changing theories of the causes of mental illness, during the half century they were hospitalized, did not significantly affect their management.
Targeted HIV-Prevention Programs
Authors: Don C. Des Jarlais, Nancy S. Padian, Warren Winkelstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

An effective program to prevent HIV infection must have both universal and targeted components. The universal component includes reducing HIV-related discrimination, removing commercial restrictions on the materials necessary for safer behavior, and providing information about the risk of HIV. The targeted component involves focusing the limited resources for intensive programs of behavioral change on situations in which the risk of HIV transmission is highest. Such a strategy would follow the dictum "Warn widely and spend wisely."
India relies too heavily on screening for safe blood supply, conference told
Authors: Rohit Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Despite mandatory screening, most of the blood being supplied in India continues to be unsafe, a conference on hepatitis C organised by Ranbaxy Science Foundation was told last week by a leading expert on blood transfusion.

“The changes that have been effected over the years have largely remained cosmetic,” said Dr Ambika Nanu, head of transfusion medicine at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.

Screening of blood for HIV, hepatitis B and C, malaria, and syphilis was mandatory under Indian regulations, but this was not enough to guarantee safe supplies, she said.

Dr Nanu blamed the current policy of relying on screening alone to ensure a safe blood supply for the continuing crisis. The first steps to a safe blood transfusion …
DNA VARIANTS IN NOS3 ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED SMALL ARTERY ELASTICITY AND DECREASED SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN ASYMPTOMATIC INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Daniel A. Duprez, Natalia Florea, Sara Saul, Gregory Grandits, Wei Zhong, Ryan Palacio, Steven Rich, Jay N. Cohn, Jennifer Hall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Blood flow reprograms lymphatic vessels to blood vessels
Authors: Chiu-Yu Chen, Cara Bertozzi, Zhiying Zou, Lijun Yuan, John S. Lee, MinMin Lu, Stan J. Stachelek, Sathish Srinivasan, Lili Guo, Andres Vincente, Patricia Mericko, Robert J. Levy, Taija Makinen, Guillermo Oliver, Mark L. Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Human vascular malformations cause disease as a result of changes in blood flow and vascular hemodynamic forces. Although the genetic mutations that underlie the formation of many human vascular malformations are known, the extent to which abnormal blood flow can subsequently influence the vascular genetic program and natural history is not. Loss of the SH2 domain–containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP76) resulted in a vascular malformation that directed blood flow through mesenteric lymphatic vessels after birth in mice. Mesenteric vessels in the position of the congenital lymphatic in mature Slp76-null mice lacked lymphatic identity and expressed a marker of blood vessel identity. Genetic lineage tracing demonstrated that this change in vessel identity was the result of lymphatic endothelial cell reprogramming rather than replacement by blood endothelial cells. Exposure of lymphatic vessels to blood in the absence of significant flow did not alter vessel identity in vivo, but lymphatic endothelial cells exposed to similar levels of shear stress ex vivo rapidly lost expression of PROX1, a lymphatic fate–specifying transcription factor. These findings reveal that blood flow can convert lymphatic vessels to blood vessels, demonstrating that hemodynamic forces may reprogram endothelial and vessel identity in cardiovascular diseases associated with abnormal flow.
Hepatoblastoma and APC gene mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis.
Authors: F M Giardiello, G M Petersen, J D Brensinger, M C Luce, M C Cayouette, J Bacon, S V Booker, S R Hamilton
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Hepatoblastoma is a rare, rapidly progressive, usually fatal childhood malignancy, which if confined to the liver can be cured by radical surgical resection. An association between hepatoblastoma and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which is due to germline mutation of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene, has been confirmed, but correlation with site of APC mutation has not been studied. AIM: To analyse the APC mutational spectrum in FAP families with hepatoblastoma as a possible basis to select kindreds for surveillance. PATIENTS: Eight patients with hepatoblastoma in seven FAP kindreds were compared with 97 families with identified APC gene mutation in a large Registry. METHODS: APC gene mutation was evaluated by RNase protection assay or in vitro synthesis protein assay. The chi 2 test and correlation were used for data analysis. RESULTS: APC gene mutation was identified in all seven FAP kindreds in which an at risk member developed hepatoblastoma. A male predominance was noted (six of eight), similar to literature cases (18 of 25, p &lt; 0.01. Mutations were restricted to codons 141 to 1230, but no significant difference in site of mutation between pedigrees with and without hepatoblastoma was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatoblastoma occurs primarily in boys in FAP kindreds and is associated with germline APC mutation in the 59 end of the gene. However, the site of APC mutation cannot be used to predict occurrence of this extracolonic cancer in FAP pedigrees.
Blinded adjudication of reinfarction following fibrinolysis: Data from the HERO-2 trial
Authors: John K. French, John J. Edmond, Philip E. Aylward, Cheuk-Kit Wong, Ralph A. Stewart, Barbara F. Williams, Ivor L. Gerber, Carmine DePasquale, Rachel O'Connell, John Simes, Harvey D. White
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Treatment of malaria.
Authors: W Peters
Journal: BMJ (1973)

JouRNAL 24 EBRuAY 1973 48 bacilli are not quite as rare as people might imagine.With a relatively low level of immunization among those most at risk, the appear- ance of a highly virulent strain could again give rise to an outbreak, the first few cases of which might well be diagnosed at necropsy.Until we know the precise reasons for the decline of diphtheria in the United Kingdom we should be cautious of writing its obituary.-Weare, etc.,
CD-ROM
Authors: Richard K. Wertz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The massive production of medical information is being met by new technologies for storing and retrieving knowledge. Recent years have witnessed the maturation of time-sharing information utilities into a full-blown industry. In medicine these services have provided bibliographic information but have recently expanded to full-text availability of journals and books. Now optical storage technology, most conspicuously the compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM), provides similar massive information storage and retrieval affordable to microcomputer users. Such devices might replace many of the functions of time-sharing. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:3376-3378)
Never on Wednesday
Authors: Donald R. Feeley
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ALCOHOLISM has been estimated by Dun and Bradstreet to cost industry 7.5 billion dollars annually. It has been reported by the US government that if industry can reduce absenteeism by one day annually, it will increase the gross national product by millions of dollars. Why, then, do we help our alcoholic patients hide their disease by making an entry of "depression," "gastritis," or something else on an insurance or a sick leave form? Must we always be a partner in fraudulent absenteeism by signing a statement that Mr. Jones was unable to work from date X to date Y, when in truth, we actually saw him two days after date X, and date Y is the following Monday? Don't patients occasionally recover on Wednesdays? Have we ever inquired as to whether the patient's employer can temporarily provide a less strenuous type of work or can use the man with appropriate