tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From Galen to Xerox: The Authoritarian Reference in Medicine
Authors: FAITH T. FITZGERALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Editorials1 February 1982From Galen to Xerox: The Authoritarian Reference in MedicineFAITH T. FITZGERALD, M.D.FAITH T. FITZGERALD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-2-245 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptClarissimus Galen was a Greek physician who lived and practiced in Rome in the second century A. D. He was said to be a skilled practitioner, but he was better known for preferring theory over observation, his dogmatism, and a reputation for infallibility. For centuries after his death until the time of Vesalius, questions of anatomy, physiology, and disease were referred back to Galen's works as the final authority (1). This inordinate influence of the man and of his writings was characteristic of a European medicine stagnant for nearly 14 centuries.Our medical schools take great pride in seeking knowledge...References1. GARRISON F. Greek medicine. In: History of Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co; 1929:112-7. Google Scholar2. DEGROOTSIEGLER LM. The morning report syndrome and medical search. N Engl J Med. 1979;301:1285-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COLLERFRANKMILTON BRR. Plasma cofactors of platelet function: correlation with diabetic retinopathy and hemoglobins Ala-c. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:311-6. LinkGoogle Scholar4. KRIEGERSIROTALIEBERMAN DDT. Cryohypophysectomy for diabetic retinopathy. Ann Intern Med. 1970;72:309-16. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FAITH T. FITZGERALD, M.D.Affiliations: School of Medicine University of California Davis, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical journals and effective dissemination of health researchTeaching critical appraisal during critical care fellowship training: A foundation for evidence-based critical care medicineReading a Journal Article 1 February 1982Volume 96, Issue 2Page: 245-246 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Life history and language: Selection in development
Authors: John L. Locke, Barry Bogin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Language, like other human traits, could only have evolved during one or more stages of development. We enlist the theoretical framework of human life history to account for certain aspects of linguistic evolution, with special reference to initial phases in the process. It is hypothesized that selection operated at several developmental stages, the earlier ones producing new behaviors that were reinforced by additional, and possibly more powerful, forms of selection during later stages, especially adolescence and early adulthood. Peer commentaries have provided opportunities to explain human life history more comprehensively, and to add details to our account of spoken language. We made no attempt to explain syntax in the target article, but we propose here that selection for “vocal plumage” may have increased our species’ capacity for utterance complexity, a development that would have benefited all levels of language.
Circulating and tissue angiotensin II type 1 receptors from perioperation through one-year of transplantation: A potential molecular mechanism for cardiac allograft vasculopathy
Authors: Mohammed Yousufuddin, Randall C. Starling, E. Murat Tuzcu, Ashraf Abdo, Philip Paul, Showkat Haji, Norman B. Ratliff, Daniel J. Cook, Yasser Saad, Sadashiva Karnik, Patrick M. McCarthy, James B. Young, Mohamad H. Yamani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Ubiquitin-Interacting Motif–Containing Protein RAP80 Interacts with BRCA1 and Functions in DNA Damage Repair Response
Authors: Jun Yan, Yong-Sik Kim, Xiao-Ping Yang, Li-Ping Li, Grace Liao, Fen Xia, Anton M. Jetten
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

In this study, we examine the potential role of receptor-associated protein 80 (RAP80), a nuclear protein containing two ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIM), in DNA damage response and double-strand break (DSB) repair. We show that following ionizing radiation and treatment with DNA-damaging agents, RAP80 translocates to discrete nuclear foci that colocalize with those of gamma-H2AX. The UIMs and the region of amino acids 204 to 304 are critical for the relocalization of RAP80 to ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF). These observations suggest that RAP80 becomes part of a DNA repair complex at the sites of IRIF. We also show that RAP80 forms a complex with the tumor repressor BRCA1 and that this interaction is mediated through the BRCA1 COOH-terminal repeats of BRCA1. The UIMs are not required for the interaction of RAP80 with BRCA1. Knockdown of RAP80 in HEK293 cells significantly reduced DSB-induced homology-directed recombination (HDR). Moreover, inhibition of RAP80 expression by small interfering RNA increased radiosensitivity, whereas increased radioresistance was observed in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with overexpression of RAP80. Taken together, our data suggest that RAP80 plays an important role in DNA damage response signaling and HDR-mediated DSB repair. We further show that RAP80 can function as a substrate of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein kinase in vitro, which phosphorylates RAP80 at Ser(205) and Ser(402). We show that this phosphorylation is not required for the migration of RAP80 to IRIF.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Endoscopic Band Ligation Versus Endoscopic Hemoclip Placement for Bleeding Gastric Dieulafoy’s Lesions
Authors: C. H. Park, Y. E. Joo, H. S. Kim, S. K. Choi, J. S. Rew, S. J. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Dieulafoy's lesion is a rare cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, most commonly in the proximal stomach. Mechanical endoscopic methods have recently become the standard therapeutic approach. However, there have been few studies comparing the efficacy of different mechanical endoscopic methods in treating gastric Dieulafoy's lesions. This study was therefore carried out to compare the hemostatic efficacy and safety of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) and endoscopic hemoclip placement (EHP) in the treatment of bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions.Between January 2002 and October 2003, 26 consecutive patients with bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions were prospectively enrolled and were randomly assigned to undergo EBL (13 patients) or EHP (13 patients). Demographic characteristics, endoscopic variables, and outcome parameters, including rates of hemostasis and recurrent bleeding, were analyzed.One O-ring was applied in each case in the EBL group, and the median number of hemoclips applied was one (range one to four) in the EHP group. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to age, sex, presence of shock, initial hemoglobin level, coagulopathy, concurrent diseases, location of the lesion, type of bleeding stigmata, blood transfusion requirements, or hospitalization periods. Primary hemostasis was achieved in all 26 patients. There was one case of recurrent bleeding in each group; secondary hemostasis was achieved with EBL in one of these patients and by endoscopic epinephrine injection in the other. There were no second episodes of recurrent bleeding, no procedure-related complications, no cases in which surgery was needed, and no bleeding-related deaths in either group.In this small study, no differences were detected in the efficacy or the safety of EBL vs. EHP in the management of bleeding gastric Dieulafoy's lesions.
Evidence of eosinophil, neutrophil, and mast‐cell mediators in the effusion of OME patients with and without atopy
Authors: D. S. Hurst, P. Venge
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: This study was designed to measure the involvement of eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells in the middle ear of patients with OME and to see whether that inflammatory response differed depending on whether or not the patient was atopic. Methods: Levels of ECP, MPO, and tryptase were measured in effusion from 97 patients whose atopic status was determined by in vitro testing with 12 inhalants and five foods. Results: Seventy‐nine of 97 OME patients (81%) were atopic, among whom 86% (68/79) had elevated levels of effusion ECP, and 64% (23/36) had elevated tryptase. Mean ECP was 166 μg/l vs 3.38 μg/l, mean MPO was 6231 μg/l vs 116 μg/l, and mean tryptase was 4.8 μg/l vs 1.34 μg/l in atopic vs nonatopic ears. Total serum IgE did not differ between atopics and nonatopics ( P =0.28). Conclusions: The inflammatory response by eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells in the middle ear was distinctly different between atopic and nonatopic patients ( P &lt;0.001). This study provides evidence that eosinophils and mast cells, both essential to a Th‐2 driven immune response, are present in the majority of ears with chronic OME, and supports the hypothesis that middle‐ear mucosa, like that of the rest of the upper respiratory tract, is capable of an allergic response.
Finite conservation funds mean triage is unavoidable
Authors: Madeleine C. Bottrill, Liana N. Joseph, Josie Carwardine, Michael Bode, Carly Cook, Edward T. Game, Hedley Grantham, Salit Kark, Simon Linke, Eve McDonald-Madden, Robert L. Pressey, Susan Walker, Kerrie A. Wilson, Hugh P. Possingham
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2009)
An Introduction to the Study of Disease
Authors: Tilde S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1971)

With the increasing physician shortage, allied medical personnel become of vital importance. Physicians who must train technicians realize the lack of adequate instructive literature. Many specialized medical texts are too complicated. Yet the broader this group's introduction to disease, the better equipped they are for their chosen specialty.   An Introduction to the Study of Disease is one of the rare books written especially for assistants of physicians. Its popularity (it is now in the sixth edition) demonstrates its worth.  As is true of all Boyd's works, this book is a delight to read. It has become even more alive in the newest edition. Many chapters are introduced in a narrative manner calculated to arouse special interest in the subsequent material.  Although the earlier editions lacked bibliography, which this edition provides, this is a weak area. One of the goals of books written for allied medical personnel is the hope of
Abstract 5036: NF-κB pathway inhibition delays the onset of MYC-induced liver cancer
Authors: David I. Bellovin, Stacey J. Adam, Qiwei Yang, Dean W. Felsher
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Liver cancer is one of the most lethal forms of cancer worldwide. Hence, it is critical to identify pathways that may be essential for the genesis of liver cancer and can thus be considered as targets for therapeutic intervention. Previously, our laboratory developed a conditional transgenic murine model of MYC-induced liver cancer that is dependent upon the expression of this oncogene and regresses following its inactivation. Here, we present evidence of an important role for the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in MYC-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. In order to examine whether NF-κB activation is necessary for MYC-induced liver cancer, we established a transgenic system in which MYC can be activated in hepatocytes concomitantly with a mutant form of IκB, thereby inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Our approach has revealed that suppression of NF-κB activation can significantly inhibit MYC-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in adult hosts. Indeed, animals with hepatocyte-inhibited NF-κB remain tumor free up to 8 months after oncogene activation compared to mortality in 100% within 6 months in animals expressing MYC alone. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB reduces disease penetrance from 100% to 75%. In hosts that do develop liver tumors, there is evidence for activation of the NF-κB pathway, suggesting a necessity for NF-κB activation in MYC-induced HCC. Importantly, suppression of NF-κB activation in neonatal hosts is not only able to similarly suppress MYC-induced tumor formation, but animals that develop liver cancer in this context demonstrate a strikingly altered tumor phenotype. In addition, MYC inactivation results in a concomitant decrease in expression of NF-κB target genes, suggesting a direct role of MYC in the activation of NF-κB in hepatocytes. The inhibition of NF-κB did not result in increased apoptosis upon MYC activation. Rather, NF-κB activation may be important for MYC to evade oncogene-induced senescence, thereby facilitating tumorigenesis. Our data suggests that the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway may be sufficient to abrogate MYC's ability to induce tumorigenesis in the liver and thereby establish NF-κB activation as an attractive therapeutic target for liver cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5036.
Diet and diverticulitis.
Authors: W. W. Davey
Journal: BMJ (1968)

OU^RMthis way one rapidly adjusts to headlight glare and drives without danger.The streets of Britain are much better lit in general than the streets of my own country, but I feel much safer driving at night here.It is not the annoying glare from oncoming lights on a wet night that is the problem, it is the multitude of sudden poorly lit sections that turn up unexpectedly in any city.This is a real danger if one drives with sidelights on instead of headlights at low beam.Interestingly enough, I found that the further north one went in Britain the worse lit were the roads and the less likely were the drivers to use their headlights.Your drivers used them for signalling, for overtaking, as a token of thanks, in fact for everything but the reason they were put there-in order to see when driving at night.-I am, etc.,
Detection of immune complexes in acute rheumatic fever and their relationship to HLA-B5.
Authors: S Yoshinoya, R M Pope
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Employing five radioimmunoassays for immune complexes, the sera of 45 acute and 27 postacute follow-up sera from patients with acute rheumatic fever were examined. All patients experienced actue polyarthritis. Complexes were detected in 89% of acute-phase sera by one assay, 51% by two, 29% by three, and 7% by four. Immune complex values decreased significantly at followup, although some abnormalities persisted. There was no correlation between extra-articular manifestations and the occurrence of circulating immune complexes. Those positive for HLA-B5 demonstrated a significantly more pronounced immune response as measured by circulating immune complexes. The data indicate that circulating immune complexes occur frequently in adults with acute rheumatic fever. The relative frequency of immune complexes detected by multiple techniques in B5-positive, compared with B5-negative, patients suggests a genetic basis for the development of immune complexes in these patiemts.
The Bookie, the Girlfriend, and the Vultures
Authors: John La Puma, David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 January 1991The Bookie, the Girlfriend, and the VulturesJohn La Puma, MD, David L. Schiedermayer, MDJohn La Puma, MDSearch for more papers by this author, David L. Schiedermayer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-1-98_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: We report the case of a patient whose access to life-sustaining treatment was nearly blocked, motivated in part by financial benefit, by his girlfriend-legal proxy.An 81-year-old widower had cardiomyopathy and renal failure. His girlfriend lived nearby and visited nightly. He worked as a professional bookmaker, and traveled annually to Las Vegas. He had not seen his two sisters in 8 years. His girlfriend insisted that he not be dialyzed; his sisters insisted that he should be dialyzed. A social worker reported the girlfriend's complaint that dialysis would "cost too much." The cardiologist asked the ethics consultant,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdvance Directives for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 1 January 1991Volume 114, Issue 1Page: 98-98KeywordsCardiomyopathiesMedical dialysisRenal failure Issue Published: 1 January 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Serum Trypsin Inhibitors In Coal Miners
Authors: Harold Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  We thank Dr. Lieberman for his comments but intend to confine ourselves to the pertinent rather than the impertinent. First, he criticizes our weight-combining ratio of 1.64:1 as compared to his of 1:1 (trypsin:soybean trypsin inhibitor). When absorbency is measured at 280 mμ and the Kunitz conversion factor is applied, the assumption is made that all of the protein is in a pure form and, moreover, is fully active. This is not invariably so, since many of the preparations currently available have varying activities. Furthermore, one company offers the inhibitor with 20% more activity than that previously offered. Are we then to assume that with use of Lieberman's trypsin preparation with this inhibitor a weight-combining ratio of 1:1 will still be obtained? The problem of weight-combining ratios has been thoroughly investigated by Jacobsson, 1 and for this reason we used a correction factor based on the molecular
Bio-medical Telemetry: Sensing and Transmitting Biological Information From Animals and Man
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Most of our information about man's reaction to activity and stress has been fragmentary. Measurements usually were made before and immediately after activity; then investigators would extrapolate in an attempt to derive information about the physical state during activity. Results were often questionable indeed. Indirect techniques are now outdated. Miniature electronic devices, at least in part a by-product of the space race, are now available to sense and transmit data. This book describes these tiny devices and their uses. Here the author illumines arcane mysteries such as multi-vibrators, squegging oscillators, piezoelectric transducers, phaselock loops, and endoradiosondes. Many creatures, from cockroaches to giraffes, have carried telemetering devices and contributed to the pool of scientific knowledge. Mackay describes a variety of experiments, including instructions on how to persuade a caiman to swallow a transmitter. <i>Bio-medical Telemetry</i>is well written and well illustrated; it provides an excellent introduction to a subject of real
Management of medical research. Judgement of science needs constant review.
Authors: I Allen, C Berry
Journal: BMJ (1993)

research team leaders) are widely appreciated.Any self respecting piece of writing on social science would have begun by repeating that distinction.Instead, the ambiguity is concealed to suggest conffict.There are genuine and challenging problems in the management of research units, but the authors do not mention these at all.In both of the senses of management, both in units and in the section that serves the four review boards at the MRC's head office, the question is being continually asked: How can we do it even better?A representative, authoritative, and analytical study of research management functions would have been helpful.Instead we are given a "blackwash" job-a waste of an opportunity and of ink.Even if the interview data summarised in the article were unquestionable it is not clear that the opinions reported, or the schemes of various management styles depicted, relate at all closely to the findings or to the realities of the management style in the MRC.I certainly do not recognise the descriptions offered.At my unit we have found no difficulty in engaging people's differing styles in our liaison with the head office, and I do not think that the MRC has a single pervasive management style in the sense claimed in the article.It is ironic that Gillett and Harrow advocate more of a purchaser-provider split in research funding.As funding agencies, and hence purchasers, the research councils have always kept their research providers at arm's length via boards and grants committees, on which government departments and experts outside the organisation are predominantly represented-a longstanding instance of a purchaser-provider split.In the MRC
RECEPTORS ON IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS
Authors: Joseph M. Davie, William E. Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The interaction of antigen with specific, cell-associated receptors was measured in thermodynamic terms. The binding of (125)I-labeled 2,4-dinitrophenyl guinea pig albumin (DNP(16)GPA-(125)I) to lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized to DNP(16)GPA is a temperature-dependent, reversible process. Measurement of association and dissociation rates of antigen-receptor complexes permits calculation of antigen-cell binding constants. These may also be calculated by equilibrium-binding techniques. Although differences in the constants calculated in these two ways exist, a clear increase in avidity of cell receptor for antigen occurs in the course of the immune response. This change in receptor avidity provides evidence that the time-dependent change in affinity of serum antibody (maturation) indeed has a cellular basis. The magnitude of the equilibrium constant is, in part, due to binding of more than one DNP group per molecule of antigen. Thus, multivalent ligands bind more effectively to cell receptors than univalent or paucivalent ligands when measured by the number of antigen molecules bound, the dissociation rate of antigen-receptor complexes, and in the relative capacity to inhibit a standard multivalent ligand (DNP(16)GPA-(125)I) from binding.
Pancreatitis induced by oestrogen in a patient with type I hyperlipoproteinaemia.
Authors: P M Stuyt, P N Demacker, A F Stalenhoef
Journal: BMJ (1986)

decreased.The effect of etretinate on her amyloidosis possibly depends therefore on the anti-inflammatory activities of retinoids recently reviewed by Orfanos and Bauer3; inhibition of the mobility of granulocytes and their migration into the epidermis, reduction of DNA synthesis of human lymphocytes, and stimulation of monocytes and macrophages-inflamma- tory cells considered to be essential in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.I Dicken CH.Retinoids: a review.
Internalization and endosomal degradation of receptor-bound antigens regulate the efficiency of cross presentation by human dendritic cells
Authors: Bithi Chatterjee, Anna Smed-Sörensen, Lillian Cohn, Cécile Chalouni, Richard Vandlen, Byoung-Chul Lee, Jenifer Widger, Tibor Keler, Lélia Delamarre, Ira Mellman
Journal: Blood (2012)