tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal and Neonatal HIV Testing-Reply
Authors: Howard L. Minkoff
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As clinicians and researchers who have been working with HIV-infected women and children for more than a decade, we are well aware of the tremendous advances in care that the last few years have witnessed. It was not our intention to denigrate the benefits of either aggressive pediatric care or the avoidance of breast-feeding. However, two important points must be considered that put these advances into a reasonable context. First, treatment and prophylaxis in the infant and child are only palliative at this time and must be considered a secondary goal, with primary prevention with zidovudine in pregnant and delivering women clearly warranting primacy. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that focus on palliation and ignore opportunities for a "cure" via primary prevention cannot be considered optimal. Second, while we believe that all efforts should be made to convince, direct, and by all voluntary means ensure that women know their
Talc and condoms
Authors: D. P. Mayer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —After reviewing the Letter to the Editor by Drs Kasper and Chandler,1we wish to bring your attention to the fact that no talc products have been used in the manufacturing of Kimono and Sagami lubricated condoms (Sagami, Japan). On January 13, 1995, Mayer Laboratories Inc informed Kasper and Chandler of this fact. However, they apparently did not incorporate this information in the material submitted toJAMA.  Mayer Laboratories Inc is the principal US distributor of Kimono and other condoms manufactured by Sagami. We support all efforts to eliminate the use of talc in the manufacturing of latex condoms because there may be pathologic consequences from exposure to talc.
No evidence for a protective effect of naturally induced HPV antibodies on subsequent anogenital HPV infection in HIV-negative and HIV-infected MSM
Authors: Sofie H Mooij, Olivia Landén, Fiona R M van der Klis, Marianne A B van der Sande, Hester E de Melker, Roel A Coutinho, Arne van Eeden, Martijn S van Rooijen, Chris J L M Meijer, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Phase I Study of the c-raf-1 Antisense Oligonucleotide ISIS 5132 in Combination with Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients with Previously Untreated, Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Panos Fidias, Nathan A. Pennell, Anthony L. Boral, Geoffrey I. Shapiro, Arthur T. Skarin, Joseph P. Eder, T Jesse Kwoh, Richard S. Geary, Bruce E. Johnson, Thomas J. Lynch, Jeffrey G. Supko
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
"Contributory Causes" of Death
Authors: A. Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Cardiac Failure and Folate Deficiency SIR,-Your interesting leading article on cardiac failure and folate deficiency (24 January, p. 188) commented on the possible causes of this association, and factors like impaired dietary intake and gastrointestinal malabsorption were mentioned.A contributory cause could well be excessive folate loss in the urine.Urinary folate excretion has been poorly studied, but we recently re- ported an unexpected increase of urinary folate in association with congestive cardiac failure.'As much as 61 6,tg.folate was lost per day, while normal controls excreted 0-1-18-0,ug.folate per day.Urinary folate loss is unlikely to be the sole cause of folate deficiency in these patients, but could well be an important contributory factor in a patient with pro- longed anorexia.One could speculate that excessive urinary folate results from ab- normal folate liberation secondary to the liver damage of chronic congestive failure.Urinary folate excretion is increased in cirrhosis and acute hepatitis' and also after surgical trauma.2-Iam, etc.,
Radiologic Manifestations of Sickle Cell Hemoglobinopathy
Authors: Jack Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1977)

SICKLE CELL hemoglobinopathy is capable of producing distinctive radiological signs in many organ systems. In the homozygous state (SS), it is a relatively common disorder, being present at birth in one of 625 black Americans.<sup>1</sup>Its victims suffer a debilitating, frequently painful illness. Symptomatic forms of this hemoglobinopathy also occur when a single S gene is inherited in combination with the gene for another abnormal hemoglobin such as β thalassemia (S Thal) or hemoglobin C (SC).<sup>2</sup>The clinical course and the frequency and magnitude of roentgenographic signs in patients with the mixed forms of sickle cell disease vary greatly among persons with these genotypes. In some, the condition is almost indistinguishable from SS, whereas others exhibit few if any of the stigmas of their hereditary disorder. While there are some notable exceptions, symptoms and roentgenographic findings are usually absent in persons with sickle cell trait (AS), since the
Comparison of Dipyridamole-Echocardiography with Dipyridamole-Thallium Scintigraphy for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: EMERSON C. PERIN, WARREN MOORE, MARIANO BLUME, GUILLERMO HERNANDEZ, RAMESH DHEKNE, CARLOS M. DeCASTRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

After an intravenous infusion of dipyridamole(0.56 mg/kg), we performed both echocardiography and thallium scintigraphy in 63 patients who were referred for known or suspected coronary artery disease. Of those patients, 25 returned for coronary arteriography within 1 month after the tests, thus forming the study group for this report. Sensitivity for detection of coronary artery disease, when analyzed region-by-region, was 80% for thallium scintigraphy and 57% for echocardiography, whereas specificity was 85% and 98%, respectively. When evaluating individual patients for the presence or absence of ischemia, we found a sensitivity of 95% for scintigraphy and 58% for echocardiography; corresponding specificities were 50% and 100%. By using arteriography as the gold standard for comparison, it appears that thallium scintigraphy has a significantly higher sensitivity but lower specificity for the detection of coronary artery disease than does echocardiography. Echocardiography may, however, be a useful adjunct to thallium scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.
Protein levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and p53 correlate in breast tumors.
Authors: M Hubackova, R Vaclavikova, R Kodet, M Mrhalova, K Kubackova, I Gut, P Soucek
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4157 Background: NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is integral flavoprotein responsible for detoxification and metabolism of quinoid compounds. NQO1 protects cells against accumulation of genotoxic quinoids, oxidative stress and stabilizes p53 from proteasomal degradation. The aim of this study was to follow the NQO1 role in breast carcinogenesis.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Levels of NQO1 transcript were monitored in frozen tumor samples by real-time PCR with absolute quantification. NQO1 protein levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumor samples. NQO1-Pro187Ser polymorphism was assessed in lymphocyte DNA by PCR with restriction fragment analysis.&amp;#x2028; Results: High interindividual variability in NQO1 expression among patients was observed. Wild-type genotype samples expressed NQO1 protein more often than heterozygotes (p=0.004; Fisher's exact test). We found strong correlation between NQO1 transcript and protein levels (p=0.004; T-test). Moreover, samples with negative NQO1 protein expression were often also negative for p53 expression (p=0.037; Fisher's exact test). No significant association of NQO1 levels and/or polymorphism with clinico-pathological characteristics of patients was found.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: One of major findings of this study is the observed correlation of protein levels of NQO1 and p53 in breast tumors. Ability of NQO1 to modulate the degradation of p53 in the 20S proteasome was previously reported by use of cell lines and animal models [1]. Our results obtained by the use of real tumor samples further support this concept and suggest that NQO1 may play important role in carcinogenesis.&amp;#x2028; This study was supported by grants of Internal Grant Agency of Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic, no.: 9426-3, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 305/07/P347 and the Grant Agency of Charles University, no.: 94507.1. Asher G, Lotem J, Kama R, Sachs L, Shaul Y: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(3): 1188-1193, 2001. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4157.
Divergent Goals and Commitments in Global Malaria Intervention
Authors: Anthony E Kiszewski
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Robert Snow and colleagues marshal the best data yet on the finances of global malaria intervention, but their work provides a basis, not an endpoint, for discussion. To achieve Goal 6 of the Millennium Development Goals, the gap between needs and commitments must be filled quickly. Given recent calls for malaria eradication [13], Snow and colleagues' sober assessment should provide an instrument to prod the horse on before the cart disappears too far down the road.
Infectious disease expert is indicted on 69 charges
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Three major US science organisations–the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the New York Academy of Sciences–have written to John Ashcroft, attorney general and head of the Justice Department, protesting against the arrest and prosecution of Thomas Campbell Butler for the illegal transportation of hazardous materials and other offences. The case centres on the disappearance of 30 vials of plague bacteria.

The prosecution of Dr Butler “raises extremely serious concerns not only of individual rights but also for the scientific community generally,” the New …
Lexical entries and rules of language: A multidisciplinary study of German inflection
Authors: Harald Clahsen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Following much work in linguistic theory, it is hypothesized that the language faculty has a modular structure and consists of two basic components, a lexicon of (structured) entries and a computational system of combinatorial operations to form larger linguistic expressions from lexical entries. This target article provides evidence for the dual nature of the language faculty by describing recent results of a multidisciplinary investigation of German inflection. We have examined: (1) its linguistic representation, focussing on noun plurals and verb inflection (participles), (2) processes involved in the way adults produce and comprehend inflected words, (3) brain potentials generated during the processing of inflected words, and (4) the way children acquire and use inflection. It will be shown that the evidence from all these sources converges and supports the distinction between lexical entries and combinatorial operations. Our experimental results indicate that adults have access to two distinct processing routes, one accessing (irregularly) inflected entries from the mental lexicon and another involving morphological decomposition of (regularly) inflected words into stem+affix representations. These two processing routes correspond to the dual structure of the linguistic system. Results from event-related potentials confirm this linguistic distinction at the level of brain structures. In children's language, we have also found these two processes to be clearly dissociated; regular and irregular inflection are used under different circumstances, and the constraints under which children apply them are identical to those of the adult linguistic system. Our findings will be explained in terms of a linguistic model that maintains the distinction between the lexicon and the computational system but replaces the traditional view of the lexicon as a simple list of idiosyncrasies with the notion of internally structured lexical representations.
Science asks researchers to withdraw paper on chronic fatigue syndrome and infectious retrovirus
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Researchers are facing calls to retract published findings that link chronic fatigue syndrome to a retrovirus called xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus (XMRV) after new scientific criticism of their validity.

Editors of the journal, Science , have issued an “editorial expression of concern” over a research paper it published in October 2009, saying the report is “now seriously in question.”

The study, “Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cell of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome,” was led by Vincent Lombardi and Judy Mikovits of the Whittemore Peterson Institute, Reno, Nevada ( Science 2009;326:585).

It purported to show that a retrovirus XMRV was present in the blood of 67% of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared with 3.7% of healthy controls.

The study caused a stir when it appeared and led to some CFS patients, believing XMRV to be a possible contributor to their condition, seeking antiretroviral treatments marketed to combat HIV.

But Science , which is the weekly journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, has now highlighted “flaws” in the paper.

Since 2009, it says, at least 10 studies conducted by other investigators and published elsewhere have failed to detect XMRV in independent populations of CFS patients.

Furthermore, Science …
The Legacy of Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes
Authors: David L. Dickson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Edmund Burke, writing of the French Revolution, declared, "Society cannot exist unless a controlling power upon will and appetite be placed somewhere, and the less of it there is within, the more there must be without." Since his day the control over will and appetite has shifted increasingly from the individual to the legal and economic system of the state. One aspect of that change may be traced in the lives of Rev. Abiel Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, his son, and Mr. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., his grandson. Rev. Abiel Holmes, pastor of the First Congregational Church of Cambridge, Mass, was 45 years old when his son Oliver Wendell was born in 1809. Mrs. Holmes' family, the Wendells, was more distinguished than that of Rev. Holmes. Her father was a judge, and her ancestors included the first published American poet and a governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Seasonal diminution of vitamin D stores in the United States. Can darker winters lead to lighter bones?
Authors: John G. Haddad
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1996)

Recent reports indicate that many older Americans have inadequate vitamin D sources and little to no seasonal increase in their body stores. The attendant secondary hyperparathyroidism of incipient and subtle osteomalacia could weaken cortical bone and aggravate the osteoporotic process linked to aging. Increased awareness, by physicians and our elderly, of the importance of avoiding mild, seasonal or perennial vitamin D deficiency could lead to better implementation of vitamin D supplementation schedules.
Cholangiographic Findings in Deteriorating Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: J. L. Van Laethem, J. Devière, N. Bourgeois, J. Love, M. Gelin, M. Cremer, M. Adler
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

The evolution of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is difficult to predict, and ERCP may be helpful in diagnosing its complications and treating them. Few descriptions of cholangiographic findings during the course of the disease have yet appeared. We report here on our experience in the management and follow-up by ERCP of six patients with deteriorating PSC.Between 1981 and 1992, PSC was diagnosed in 18 patients. Clinical, biochemical, and cholangiographic findings were recorded during the follow-up period. An initial group of 12 patients had a good clinical and biochemical course (mean 56 months) and did not require systematic control ERCPs. A second group of six patients, showing cholangiographic features similar to those of the first group at presentation, developed clinical and biochemical deterioration within a mean period of 43 months (range 6-96).These six patients had a significant elevation of serum bilirubin and at ERCP showed worsening bile duct lesions, with marked strictures and a subsequent increase in the maximum duct diameter in both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic ducts compared to the initial ERCPs. In two of these six patients, the strictures were due to a superimposed cholangiocarcinoma. Endoscopic drainage was unsuccessful, transplantation impracticable due to extrahepatic spread, and both patients died three and five months, respectively, after diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. By contrast, four patients with dominant extrahepatic duct involvement benefited from endoscopic procedures (mean follow-up 19 months) without any recurrence of cholangitis and without requiring long-term antimicrobial treatment. The follow-up checks included regular ERCPs performed every six months for duct and stent assessment, and cytology brushing.Since there are no effective means of early and accurate detection of cholangiocarcinoma, the use of ERCP to compare the course of cholangiographic lesions over time may be of interest. Patients with extrahepatic duct involvement may benefit from endoscopic therapy. By contrast, in patients with dominant intrahepatic duct disease and a deteriorating clinical status, attempts at endoscopic therapy are not helpful, and liver transplantation needs to be considered promptly.
How to Keep Up with the Medical Literature: I. Why Try to Keep Up and How to Get Started
Authors: R. BRIAN HAYNES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Patient care is often outmoded because physicians lack awareness about important advances in medical knowledge. According to physicians, reading journals is the most popular method for staying informed, but the great volume of journal literature precludes clinicians' from reading all of it. In this first of six articles on keeping up with the medical literature, we describe three strategies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of journal reading. First, priority should be given to reading original articles concerning reports of planned investigations because only these articles provide sufficient details to assess the relevance, validity, and clinical application of new knowledge. Second, reading should be restricted to articles of direct pertinence to one's clinical practice. Third, the methods section of articles should be quickly screened first to select studies that have used sufficiently high standards to warrant clinical action based on study results.
Sleep disorders. Consider nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia.
Authors: S Borrow, M L Tattersall, D Hartman, M Oakey, P Sedgwick, A H Crisp
Journal: BMJ (1993)

safety, the unpublished research of the manufacturers, Upjohn.Until recently it remained inaccessible.In 1991 the Committee on Safety of Medicines, taking patients who dropped out of treatment as a usable index, determined that in Upjohn's premarketing clinical trials of over two weeks' duration 9 9% of patients taking triazolam had dropped out because of adverse psychiatric effects (including amnesia) compared with 1-9% taking flurazepam and 0/5% taking placebo.An analysis by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 1992 followed the lead of the Committee on Safety of Medicines and looked at drop outs.2It found that in Upjohn's clinical trials of over two weeks' duration 1 22% of patients taking triazolam dropped out for "all psychiatric" plus "memory impairment" reasons compared with 41% taking flurazepam and 1-5% taking placebo.Among patients taking triazolam the proportion who dropped out for all psychiatric plus memory impairment reasons was slightly higher than the proportion who dropped out because of its sedative and hypnotic effects; triazolam did not differ from flurazepam with regard to sedative and hypnotic effects.In the case of "appropriate" small dosage studies there were too few patients taking flurazepam for comparison, but the proportion who dropped out because of anxiety was nearly six times higher with triazolam than placebo.3One of us reported in 1982 that it was in the third week that patients taking triazolam became signifi- cantly more anxious.4In our larger study, mentioned by O'Donovan and McGuffin, we reported that triazolam's adverse psychiatric effects appeared "at once" but became most apparent after 10 days of use.'We were then unaware of the unpublished results of the manu- facturer's research.
After Harm: Medical Error and the Ethics of Forgiveness
Authors: James T. Li
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clearing Factor Inhibitor in Human Atherosclerosis
Authors: ALLAN J. DAY, GRAHAM N. WILKINSON, J. A. Peters
Journal: Circulation (1958)

A reduction in heparin-activated clearing factor has been demonstrated in individuals with atherosclerosis or conditions related to it. The recent isolation from normal plasma of an inhibitor to clearing factor suggested that the reduction described might be due to an increased level of inhibitor. This possibility was therefore investigated by determining the inhibitor effect of the plasma of atherosclerotic, diabetic, and nephrotic individuals on the in vitro clearing activity of post-heparin plasma.
Liver Biopsy Analysis Has a Low Level of Performance for Diagnosis of Intermediate Stages of Fibrosis
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Gilles Lenaour, Jean Christophe Vaillant, Frederique Capron, Mona Munteanu, Daniel Eyraud, Yen Ngo, Helmi M'Kada, Vlad Ratziu, Laurent Hannoun, Frederic Charlotte
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)