tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The 75-g glucose tolerance test in pregnancy: a reference range determined on a low-risk population and related to selected pregnancy outcomes.
Authors: R G Moses, M Moses, K G Russell, G M Schier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To determine a reference range for the 75-g glucose tolerance test (GTT) in pregnancy using a group of women at low risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to determine the validity of this reference range by examining selected pregnancy outcomes for glucose-tolerant women with a 2-h result on the GTT up to 1.0 mmol/l below the diagnostic level for GDM compared with treated women with GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The reference range for the GTT was determined in 573 Caucasian women with an age &amp;lt;25 years and a BMI of &amp;lt;25 kg/m2. Selected pregnancy outcomes were compared between 272 treated women with GDM (diagnosed on the basis of a 2-h glucose level &amp;gt; or =8.0 mmol/l) and 308 women with a 2-h glucose level of 7.0-7.9 mmol/l. RESULTS: There was 95% confidence that at least 95% of all the fasting glucose levels are &amp;lt; or =5.1 mmol/l(92 mg/dl) and 95% confidence that at least 95% of all the 2-h glucose levels were &amp;lt; or =7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl). Treated women with GDM had a significantly reduced rate of large-for-gestational-age infants compared with glucose-tolerant women, without any increase in the rate of small-for-gestational-age infants or obstetric interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The reference range for the GTT in pregnancy should be determined on a low-risk population rather than on a total population. Consideration should be given to lowering the fasting glucose level to 5.0 mmol/l (90 mg/dl) and the 2-h level to 7.8 mmol/ (140 mg/dl). Glucose-tolerant women below this relatively low reference range have an increased rate of large-for-gestational-age infants and may benefit from treatment.
The Inflammatory Process
Authors: Robert D. Coye
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This excellent book presents current knowledge about the systems involved in the development of an inflammatory lesion. It takes 30 authors and 931 pages to do the job, but, since the field is large and progress great, the authors and editors deserve commendation that coverage is done so well in these bounds. The editors have dissected this complex subject with such skill that each of the chapters covers an essential part of the process without losing the relationship of these parts to the whole subject. The 25 chapters cover the structure, biochemistry, and physiology of the cells and vessels in inflammation; the chemical mediators and inhibitors of inflammation; hemostasis; fever; fibroplasia; and various aspects of immune reactions, including homograft rejection, autoimmune diseases, and the role of various cells in producing antibodies. Some chapters are particularly well done—John Luft's description of the ultrastructural basis for capillary permeability is very well written
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Alex J. Sinclair, Rebecca Woolley, Susan P. Mollan
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Septic abortion associated with a Lippes loop.
Authors: A K Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1975)

avidly protein bound persists in the tissues.We could not implicate the subcutaneous injection techniques in the patients (Cases 3-9) who developed indurated pruritic transient lesions within hours of injection.Contact sensitization to cresols is recognized,5 and we suspect that all local and one of the systemic reactions seen in our patients resulted from hypersensitivity to the chlorocresol preservative.Intradermal skin testing with chlorocresol-preserved heparin gave immediate responses, whereas in only one (Case 1) of the tests with preservativefree heparin (Weddel) was there a reaction.We suggest that in cases of apparent heparin sensitivity treatment may be able to continue without adverse reaction after cautious challenge with chlorocresol-free heparin.We are grateful to
Bile acid and lysolecithin concentrations in the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer before operation and after treatment by highly selective vagotomy, partial gastrectomy, or truncal vagotomy and drainage
Authors: P Dewar, R King, D Johnston
Journal: Gut (1982)

Duodenogastric reflux of bile acids and lysolecithin in the course of a standard test meal was measured in normal people and in patients with duodenal ulcer before operation and more than one year after highly selective vagotomy, Polya partial gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. Before operation, duodenal ulcer patients had significantly higher fasting, post-prandial, and peak bile acid concentrations in the stomach than had normal subjects. After Polya partial gastrectomy, fasting, post-prandial, and peak concentrations of bile acids and lysolecithin were significantly higher than in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients. After highly selective vagotomy, in contrast, bile acid concentrations in the stomach were significantly lower than in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients and post-prandial and peak lysolecithin concentrations were less than half (NS) those recorded in preoperative duodenal ulcer patients. After highly selective vagotomy, bile acid concentrations were also significantly lower than bile acid concentrations after Polya partial gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy; and post-prandial and peak lysolecithin concentrations were significantly lower than after Polya partial gastrectomy and truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy. Thus, when used in the treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer, highly selective vagotomy keeps `bile9 out of the stomach, probably through its effect on gastric smooth muscle, combined with the preservation of an intact antropyloroduodenal segment. In contrast, Polya partial gastrectomy, truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, and truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty all lead to a significant increase in reflux of bile acids and lysolecithin into the stomach. The clinical importance of these findings is that both gastritis and, in the long term, gastric carcinoma may prove to be less common after highly selective vagotomy than after partial gastrectomy or vagotomy with a drainage procedure.
The socio-ecological approach turns variance among populations from a liability to an asset
Authors: Selin Kesebir, Shigehiro Oishi, Barbara A. Spellman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract We emphasize the value of the socio-ecological approach in addressing the problem of population variances. The socio-ecological perspective studies how social and natural habitats shape human behaviors, and are in turn shaped by those behaviors. This focus on system-level factors is particularly well-suited to studying the origins of group differences in human behavior.
Acetazolamide in the Treatment of Acute Mountain Sickness: Clinical Efficacy and Effect on Gas Exchange
Authors: Colin K. Grissom, Robert C. Roach, Frank H. Sarnquist, Peter H. Hackett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To determine the efficacy of acetazolamide in the treatment of patients with acute mountain sickness and the effect of the drug on pulmonary gas exchange in acute mountain sickness. ▪ Design: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. ▪ Setting: The Denali Medical Research Project highaltitude research station (4200 m) on Mt. McKinley, Alaska. ▪ Participants: Twelve climbers attempting an ascent of Mt. McKinley (summit, 6150 m) who presented to the medical research station with acute mountain sickness. ▪ Intervention: Climbers were randomly assigned to receive acetazolamide, 250 mg orally, or placebo at 0 (baseline) and 8 hours after inclusion in the study. ▪ Main Outcome Measures: An assessment of acute mountain sickness using a symptom score and pulmonary gas exchange measurements was done at baseline and at 24 hours. ▪ Main Results: After 24 hours, five of six climbers treated with acetazolamide were healthy, whereas all climbers who received placebo still had acute mountain sickness (P= 0.015). Arterial blood gas specimens were obtained from three of the six acetazolamide recipients and all of the placebo recipients. The alveolar to arterial oxygen pressure difference (PAo2-Pao2 difference) decreased slightly over 24 hours in the acetazolamide group (- 0.8 ±1.2 mm Hg) but increased in the placebo group (+ 3.3 ± 2.3 mm Hg) (P = 0.024). Acetazolamide improved Pao2 over 24 hours (+ 2.9 ± 0.8 mm Hg) when compared with placebo (- 1.3 ± 2.8 mm Hg) (P = 0.045). ▪ Conclusion: In established cases of acute mountain sickness, treatment with acetazolamide relieves symptoms, improves arterial oxygenation, and prevents further impairment of pulmonary gas exchange.
The Case ∣ Renal failure in a male with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Gottfried Rudofsky, Matthias Villalobos, Ruediger Waldherr, Matthias Schaier, Markus Zorn, Anna Maimer, Martin Zeier, Peter P. Nawroth, Berend Isermann
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF FOUR HUNDRED AND FIFTY PAINFUL SHOULDERS
Authors: JENNINGS M. KING
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The studies on which this paper is based were undertaken in an effort to explain the great frequency of negative roentgen-ray observations on films of the shoulder joint. Roentgen-ray examination is too often negative even with the best technic. In table 1 the roentgen-ray observations in 450 consecutive shoulder cases are tabulated. As can be seen, a negative diagnosis was made in 300, or two thirds of the cases. It was this high percentage of negative results that stimulated further study.  The clinical study of the cases was carried on in the roentgen-ray and orthopedic departments of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Access was had to the outpatient and house records of the patients, as well as an opportunity to be present at the operation when such was indicated.  Anatomic dissections were made on four shoulders through the kindness of the department of anatomy at the Medical School of Harvard University.
High-Dose Penicillin Therapy and Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Austin Brewin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia were studied to determine if severely ill patients benefit more from massive dosages of penicillin compared with moderate dosages. Severity of illness and response to treatment were evaluated, and sputum was monitored for pathogens. Twenty-two of the 59 patients assigned to receive 20 million units of penicillin daily and 19 of the 64 assigned to receive 1,200,000 units of penicillin G procaine daily were considered severely ill. In the high-dosage group, there were five deaths, three patients with superinfections, and 22 with pathogen colonizations, and in the moderate-dosage group, six deaths, two patients with superinfections and eight with pathogen colonizations. There was no significant difference (P &lt;.75) in outcome between the groups. We conclude that there is no advantage in treating patients with more than 1,200,000 units of penicillin G procaine daily. (<i>JAMA</i>230:409-413, 1974)
Advances in Molecular Analysis of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Stephen T. Warren
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Fragile X syndrome is a common cause of mental retardation that is inherited as an X-linked dominant disorder with reduced penetrance. Fragile X syndrome has been shown to be caused by an unstable CGG repeat within the fragile X mental retardation—1 (<i>FMR1</i>) gene. The repeat is normally polymorphic with six to 52 repeats, while affected males and females exhibit a massive expansion resulting in 230 to more than 1000 repeats. Such expansions, called "full mutations," are associated with abnormal methylation of the<i>FMR1</i>gene leading to transcriptional suppression. The resulting absence of the encoded protein, FMRP, a cytosolic RNA-binding protein, is believed to result in the phenotype. Nonpenetrant male carriers and many female carriers exhibit premutation alleles of intermediate length (50 to 230 repeats), which are normally expressed. Male carriers transmit only unstable premutations while female premutation carriers can have carrier offspring with premutations or affected children with full mutations. The risk of having an affected child is directly related to the number of maternal repeats, with sequentially increasing probabilities of these alleles converting to full mutations as they are transmitted to subsequent generations. Advances have led to highly accurate laboratory diagnoses of both carrier and affected individuals as well as markedly improved prenatal diagnosis. In addition, a previously unrecognized class of mutation, later found responsible for several other important genetic diseases, has emerged. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:536-542)
Acute Myocardial Infarction Due to Septic Coronary Embolism
Authors: Rohan Perera, Sigrid Noack, Weifeng Dong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Lanza et al. (Sept. 30 issue)1 described a case of acute myocardial infarction due to a coronary embolus arising from a left ventricular thrombus. We report a case of myocardial infa...
Osteoarthrosis after Poliomyelitis
Authors: J. H. Glyn, G. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1966)

JOURNA by a six-volt lantern battery and will con- tinue to operate until the battery voltage drops to about four volts.The quiescent current drain is about 1 milliampere, so that should the unit inadvertently be left on with the pad disconnected it would take several weeks to flatten the battery.The unit may be built into a polythene "lunch-box " leaving room to store the pad leads (Fig. 2).Any 3-41 volt buzzer may be used provided that its maximum drain current is not much above 1 amp.Buzzers by Lyvia, Gents, and Friedland have all been found satisfactory.
Modern Concepts of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Gastone G. Celesia
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Among 60 cases of status epilepticus, there were 45 cases of convulsive status and 15 cases of nonconvulsive or confusional status. In 37 cases, status was due to an identifiable cause. The most frequent etiologic factors were vascular (nine cases), traumatic (seven cases), and metabolic (five cases). Four patients with metabolic encephalopathy had focal status. While the possibility of expanding lesions should be investigated in every case of convulsive status, a complete metabolic screening is also necessary. Non-convulsive status was represented by two cases of psychomotor status and 13 cases of absence status. Clinically, these cases were characterized by various impairments of intellectual functioning and confusion. Diagnosis was determined by characteristic changes in the electroencephalogram. Aggressive treatment is indicated by one or more of the major anticonvulsants, supplemented by adequate oxygenation and maintenance of biochemical homeostasis.
Hospital Events Associated With Adverse Events and Substandard Care-Reply
Authors: Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —We agree with Dr Morfesis that outcome measures are an important part of quality assessment and should not be abandoned. Indeed, our study was driven, in its first phase, by identification of 18 clinical outcomes.  Dr Schlosser makes the important point that statistically significant variation must be carefully documented in this kind of research, and he cites a recent RAND analysis of mortality data. 1 In fact, the latter prompted our tests of variation, which, in turn, demonstrated the nonrandom nature of the distribution of percentage of negligent AEs in our hospitals. We are happy to make available a technical appendix that outlines the nature of our statistical analysis of this issue.  Dr Bell suggests a reanalysis of our data to look at house-staff coverage issues. We have considered this but have concluded it would be too difficult to reconstruct coverage relationships for 1984. Elsewhere, we have employed
F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of Intraventricular Germinoma
Authors: Chih-Hsiang B. Yu, Patrick J. Peller, Rathan Subramaniam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The role of F-18 fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18 FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the functional imaging of malignancies is well-known. Intraventricular germinoma is a rare central nervous system tumor. We describe a 25-year-old man with symptoms of diabetes insipidus, orthostatism, and visual changes evaluated by F-18 FDG PET/CT and MRI. There was an intense FDG hypermetabolic mass in the fourth ventricle, which was surgically removed. The pathology confirmed a germinoma. FDG PET/CT was useful in excluding distant metastases in the remainder of the neural axis.
Prekallikrein deficiency in a kindred with kininogen deficiency and Fitzgerald trait clotting defect. Evidence that high molecular weight kininogen and prekallikrein exist as a complex in normal human plasma.
Authors: V H Donaldson, J Kleniewski, H Saito, J K Sayed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Plasma from an individual with a hereditary deficiency of kininogens is deficient in kininogen antigens; heterozygous relatives are partially deficient in plasma kininogen antigens. In addition, plasma from the proband is partially deficient in functional and antigenic properties of a plasma prekallikrein, and the relatives heterozygous for kininogen deficiency are also partially deficient in the plasma prekallikrein. It is possible that the defects are both inherited and that the inheritance of a deficiency of prekallikrein is genetically linked to the inheritance of a deficiency of kininogen. Alternatively, it is possible that the deficiency of prekallikrein may be due to its hypercatabolism which could be a consequence of a deficiency of high molecular weight kininogen that may stabilize the prekallikrein in plasma. Evidence to support this possibility is presented by the fact that prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen apparently exist as a complex in normal plasma, because monospecific antiserum to kininogen removed both high molecular weight kininogen and prekallikrein from plasma, and vice versa. Moreover, prekallikrein was not adsorbed from kininogen-deficient plasma by antiserum to kininogen unless high molecular weight kininogen was first added to the plasma. Low molecular weight kininogen did not participate in these reactions.
Characterization of the role of the tumor marker Nup88 in mitosis
Authors: Chieko Hashizume, Hiroshi Nakano, Kimihisa Yoshida, Richard W Wong
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Nuclear pore complexes are massive multiprotein channels responsible for traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and are composed of approximately 30 proteins, termed nucleoporins (Nup). Our recent studies indicated that the nucleoporins Rae1 and Tpr play critical roles in maintaining the spindle bipolarity during cell division. In the present study, we found that another nucleoporin, Nup88, was localized on the spindles together with Nup214 during mitosis. Nup88 expression is linked to the progression of carcinogenesis, Nup88 has been proposed as a tumor marker. Overexpression of Nup88 enhanced multinucleated cell formation. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Nup88 disrupted Nup214 expression and localization and caused multipolar spindle phenotypes. Our data indicate that proper expression of Nup88 is critical for preventing aneuploidy formation and tumorigenesis.
The inherited palmoplantar keratodermas
Authors: R.C. RATNAVEL, W.A.D. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

The inherited palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK) constitute a complex heterogeneous group of genodermatoses, which are difficult to classify clinically. The application of modern molecular biology techniques are leading to an increased understanding of the genetic bases of these disorders and are paving the way towards a classification based upon molecular pathology. We review the recent research advances in this field and the implications for development of novel approaches to disease management.
Bcl‐2 family of proteins in indolent B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: Study of 116 cases
Authors: Beamon Agarwal, Kikkeri N. Naresh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

The bcl-2 family of proteins comprises both antagonists and agonists of apoptosis. We have investigated whether subsets of indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (IB-NHL) differ in the expression of the bcl-2 family members; 116 cases of IB-NHL, composed of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 48), follicular lymphoma (FL, n = 38), marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (MZBCL, n = 15), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 15), were investigated for expression of bcl-2, bcl-X, mcl-1, bax, and bak proteins by immunohistochemistry. Expression of bcl-2 and bcl-X proteins was moderate/high among most IB-NHLs. Expression of mcl-1 was low/absent in most cases of CLL and MCL and low/moderate in most cases of FL and MZBCL. Most MCLs did not express bax protein. Bax expression was absent/low among most cases of CLL and low/moderate among most cases of FL and MZBCL. Expression of bak was moderate/low among most cases of CLL, MZBCL, and MCL but was absent/low among most cases of FL. The different subsets of IB-NHLs differ in their expression of mcl-1, bax, and bak proteins.