tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early mobilisation and outcome in acute sprains of the neck.
Authors: L. A. McKinney
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the long term effect of early mobilisation exercises in patients with acute sprains of the neck after road accidents. DESIGN--Single blind randomised prospective study of patients receiving physiotherapy, advice on mobilisation, or on an initial period of rest followed up after two years by postal questionnaire. SETTING--Accident and emergency department in urban hospital. PATIENTS--247 Consecutive patients (mean age at injury 30.6 years) presenting within 48 hours after injury with no pre-existing disease of the neck or serious skeletal injury. Of these, 167 patients responded to the questionnaire; 77 who responded but had not completed their treatment or review course were included in the analysis as a fourth group (non-attenders). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Presence of symptoms after two years. RESULTS--Of the 167 patients (68%) responding, the percentage of patients still with symptoms was not significantly different in those receiving rest or physiotherapy (46%, 12/26 v 44%, 24/54), but that in those receiving advice on early mobilisation was significantly lower (23%, 11/48, p = 0.02). Of the 104 patients without symptoms, 94 (90%) recovered within six months and 62 (60%) within three months. Patients without symptoms who received advice or physiotherapy wore a collar for a significantly shorter time than those with persistent symptoms (mean duration 1.4 (SD 0.7) months v 2.8 (1.6) months, p = 0.005 and 1.6 (1.1) months v 1.8 (1.3) months, p = 0.006 respectively). CONCLUSIONS--Advice to mobilise in the early phase after neck injury reduces the number of patients with symptoms at two years and is superior to manipulative physiotherapy. Prolonged wearing of a collar is associated with persistence of symptoms.
An investigation of the role of glutathione in increased epithelial permeability induced by cigarette smoke in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: X Y Li, K Donaldson, I Rahman, W MacNee
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Airspace epithelial permeability is known to increase in cigarette smokers. To study the role of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) in this phenomenon, we used an in vitro model of the epithelial permeability of a monolayer of human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cell line). Both whole (WSC) and vapor (VSC) smoke condensates induced a recoverable, concentration-dependent increase in epithelial permeability to 125iodine-labeled bovine serum albumin (125IBSA), associated with a profound fall in intracellular GSH. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH synthesis inhibitor, decreased GSH levels in A549 epithelial cells, significantly increased A549 epithelial cell permeability, and enhanced both WSC and VSC-induced A549 epithelial cell permeability. Co-culturing epithelial cells and GSH (500 microM) reduced WSC-induced, but not VSC-induced A549 epithelial cell permeability. Increasing intracellular GSH also ameliorated the smoke-induced increased epithelial permeability. Concentrations of cigarette smoke condensate of < 20% increased A549 epithelial cell permeability without associated cell detachment and lysis, which was also the case with BSO-induced increased epithelial permeability. WSC and VSC, instilled intratracheally, significantly increased rat lung epithelial permeability to 125IBSA, 6 h postinstillation, associated with a significant recruitment of neutrophils into the airspaces. This was associated with a small increase in GSH in the lung tissue of VSC-treated rats. However, both WSC and VSC markedly reduced GSH in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Reduction in lung GSH to 95% but not to 68% of control values by BSO increased lung epithelial permeability in vivo. However, there was no additive effect on epithelial permeability of WSC and BSO.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Psychiatric Symptoms in Typhoid Fever
Authors: R. A. Billings
Journal: BMJ (1973)

SIR,-I was interested to read your leading article (26 May, p. 436) in which the different presentations of typhoid within developed temperate countries and undeveloped African countries was attributed to variations in in- fective, emotional, cultural, and religious backgrounds.Several years ago I had the opportunity of working in a mixed European and Asian conmunity during an outbreak of typhoid.Psychiatric symptoms occurred in no more than 10% of cases, and there was no apparent difference in the incidence of these symptoms between the two racial groups.
Knee skin strength and hyperlaxity in athletes undergoing ACL reconstruction
Authors: M A Akhtar, J F Keating, A Y Muir, H Simpson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in athletic population. Hyperlaxity is thought to be a risk factor for ACL injuries and results in stretched scar following surgery. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the strength of the knee skin and hyperlaxity assessed by the Beighton score. Prospective data was collected for 13 patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction using quadruple hamstring tendon as a graft, including demographic details, mechanism of injury and hyperlaxity. Clinical examination was used to assess hyperlaxity using the Beighton score. Laxity is scored on a 0–9 scale. Scores of 4 or above are indicative of hyperlaxity. We studied 20 specimens of knee skin from 13 patients between Nov 2008 and July 2009. These specimens were mounted on a professional material testing system (ZWICK- allround line) and vertical load was applied to reach yield. Data was recorded electronically and analysed using Microsoft excel. The mean age was 29 years with a range from 20 to 43. Most common sports resulting in ACL injuries were football and skiing in 3 patients each followed by rugby and cycling in 2 patients each. There were 10 male and 3 female patients. The average Beighton score was 2.9 with a range from 0 to 9. 5 patients had a Beighton score of 4 or more indicating hyperlaxity. The average force required to reach yield for knee skin was 56 N with a range from 12 to 107 N. There was no correlation between the force required for yield and Beighton score for patients individually. We studied the force required to produce yield of the knee skin in athletes undergoing ACL reconstruction and found no correlation between hyperlaxity and the force. This data does not show an obvious link between hyperlaxity and the strength of the knee skin for patients individually. The stretched scars following surgery in patients with hyperlaxity may be associated with the method of skin closure and further studies are needed to assess this relation and prevent wound related complications.
BS1-2: Stem and Progenitor Cells and the Origins of Breast Cancer Heterogeneity.
Authors: MJ Smalley, G Molyneux, L Melchor
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast cancer heterogeneity results from different genetic lesions occurring in different stem or progenitor cells of origin. We previously demonstrated that deletion of the Brca1 tumour suppressor in basal stem cells or luminal estrogen receptor negative progenitors in the mouse mammary epithelium resulted in very different tumour phenotypes. Remarkably, the progenitor origin tumours most closely resembled human BRCA1 tumours. Having examined what occurs when the same genetic lesion is made is different cells of origin, we are now examining the results of making different lesions in the same cell. We have knocked out different combinations of Brca2, Pten and p53 in the luminal progenitors and carried out a comparative analysis of the resulting tumours. Confirming the hypothesis that tumour heterogeneity is dependent on both genetic lesion and cell of origin, widely differing tumour phenotypes were generated. Remarkably, one gene combination generated tumours in which the same cells expressed both basal and luminal cell lineage terminal differentiation markers. These results have important implications for our understanding of the origins of tumour cellular heterogeneity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr BS1-2.
Defibrination after Brain-Tissue Destruction
Authors: Scott H. Goodnight, Gayle Kenoyer, Samuel I. Rapaport, Mary Jane Patch, John A. Lee, Theodore Kurze
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract A prospective study was conducted to evaluate defibrination after acute head trauma. Defibrination was not observed in 13 patients In whom trauma apparently did not destroy brain tissue. In contrast, evidence of defibrination — hypofibrinogenemia, elevated levels of serum fibrinogen-related or fibrin-related antigen and low levels of factors V, VIII or platelets — was found in nine of 13 patients in whom brain-tissue destruction was established by direct inspection. All nine patients had a strongly positive protamine test, suggesting that intravascular coagulation had occurred. Since test results returned toward normal within hours, the active phase of defibrination apparently was brief. Nevertheless, hemostatic abnormalities were severe enough to have affected the neurologic consequences of intracranial bleeding. Clinical findings attributable to fibrin in the microcirculation (e.g., microangiopathic hemolytic anemia or renal failure) were not encountered. The potentially salvageable patient wit...
Hepatitis C Treatment: Stuck Between a Rock and a Hard Place but Hoping to Be Rescued Soon
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Jeffrey McCombs, PhD; Tara Matsuda, BA; Ivy Tonnu-Mihara, PharmD; Sammy Saab, MD; Patricia Hines, BA; Gilbert L’Italien, PhD; Timothy Juday, PhD; Yong Yuan, PhD
DNA Synthesis and Repair Genes<i>RRM1</i>and<i>ERCC1</i>in Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhong Zheng, Tingan Chen, Xueli Li, Eric Haura, Anupama Sharma, Gerold Bepler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

RRM1, the regulatory subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, is involved in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and the response of non-small-cell lung cancer to treatment.We developed an automated quantitative determination of the RRM1 protein in routinely processed histologic specimens. In these specimens, we measured the expression of RRM1 and two other proteins that are relevant to non-small-cell lung cancer: the excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) protein and the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). We compared the results with the clinical outcomes in 187 patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer who had received only surgical treatment.RRM1 expression correlated with the expression of ERCC1 (P<0.001) but not with the expression of PTEN (P=0.37). The median disease-free survival exceeded 120 months in the group of patients with tumors that had high expression of RRM1 and was 54.5 months in the group with low expression of RRM1 (hazard ratio for disease progression or death in the high-expression group, 0.46; P=0.004). The overall survival was more than 120 months for patients with tumors with high expression of RRM1 and 60.2 months for those with low expression of RRM1 (hazard ratio for death, 0.61; P=0.02). Among these 187 patients, the survival advantage was limited to the 30% of patients with tumors that had a high expression of both RRM1 and ERCC1.RRM1 and ERCC1 are determinants of survival after surgical treatment of early-stage, non-small-cell lung cancer.
The role of specimen banking in risk assessment.
Authors: H Zenick, J Griffith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The risk assessment process is described with a focus on the hazard identification and dose-response components. Many of the scientific questions and uncertainties associated with these components are discussed, and the role for biomarkers and specimen banking in supporting these activities are assessed. Under hazard identification, the use of biomarkers in defining and predicting a) biologically adverse events; b) the progression of those events towards disease; and c) the potential for reversibility are explored. Biomarker applications to address high-to-low dose extrapolation and interindividual variability are covered under dose-response assessment. Several potential applications for specimen banking are proposed.
Combined Aortic and Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: ALEXANDER S. NADAS, LUKE VAN DER HAUWAERT, ANNA J. HAUCK, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Combined aortic and pulmonic stenosis is a rare lesion. The clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic findings in four patients are presented. The presence of a forceful left as well as right ventricular impulse (in four patients), the difference in the character of the ejection murmur at the second left as opposed to the second right interspace (in two patients), and a diastolic rumble at the apex (in four patients) were characteristic. The electrocardiogram showed right ventricular hypertrophy in all patients; additional and definite left ventricular hypertrophy was found in one. Radiologically, there was evidence of right ventricular enlargement in all and suggestive left ventricular enlargement in three. Simple valvular stenosis of both valves was found in only one patient, and valvular pulmonary and supravalvular aortic stenosis in another. The two remaining patients, those with corrected transposition of the great arteries, had complicated lesions including a single ventricle in one and small ventricular septal defect in the other. Attempts at surgical correction were unsuccessful in all cases.
CHARACTERISATION OF DIFFERING IN VITRO THROMBOTIC PROFILES IN AF AND CORONARY DISEASE: ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS THROMBOLYSIS
Authors: Maria Niespialowska-Steuden, Christos Christopoulos, Osita Okafor, Manivannan Srinivasan, Peter Collins, Diana Adrienne Gorog
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Assessment of doctors in training: should patients give consent?
Authors: P G Lawler
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I n the past, long hours and many years spent as junior doctors resulted in consultants who, at appointment, had considerable skill and experience. The volume and variety of experience ensured that there were no gaps.

Over the past decade, however, the need to align UK specialist training programmes with those in Europe, now coupled with the exigencies of the Working Time Directive, has resulted in a quantum change in the time available for training doctors to the UK consultant standard. Postgraduate training programmes have had to be revitalised to deliver a similar consultant “product.” Shortened specialist training programmes, devised by the royal colleges, faculties, and other bodies, such as the Resuscitation Council, now aim to accelerate the development of trainees' skills but in a structured and supervised manner, with an analysis of their training record to expose gaps.

> The educational contract should now be …
CAUTION NECESSARY IN THE TREATMENT OF RENAL TUBERCULOSIS WITH ISONIAZID
Authors: John K. Lattimer
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Early in 1952 the newspapers reported a new "wonder drug" for tuberculosis. The name of this drug is isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide). It is at least 600 times more powerful than<i>p</i>-aminosalicylic acid and appears more powerful than streptomycin in killing tubercle bacilli, at least in the test tube. Whether it will be as effective in vivo remains to be seen. Isoniazid does have a place in the treatment of renal tuberculosis. Like streptomycin, it brings about a gradual improvement in the cystoscopic appearance of the lesions of tuberculous cystitis and makes the urine culture sterile for tubercle bacilli in most patients. It is an excellent drug for the treatment of streptomycin-resistant patients. It is not toxic for the nephrons. One patient, who is living on only two renal pyramids, has shown a fall of the blood urea nitrogen level from 100 mg. per 100 cc. down to 25
Next-Generation Phenotyping and Genomic Incidental Findings—Reply
Authors: Meike Kasten, Anne Grünewald, Christine Klein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
EASY-TO-USE COMPREHENSIVE SPECKLE TRACKING APPROACH TO MINIMIZE NON-RESPONDERS TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Yasuhide Mochizuki, Hidekazu Tanaka, Kazuhiro Tatsumi, Kensuke Matsumoto, Junichi Imanishi, Takuma Sawa, Yoshiki Yamadori, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Mana Hiraishi, Akihiro Kaneko, Yuko Fukuda, Tetsuari Onishi, Akihiro Yoshida, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama, Hiroya Kawai, Kenichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AN INHERITED TUBERCULAR DIATHESIS.
Authors: JOSEPH WILLIAM STICKLER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

There are diverse views concerning the so-called inherited tubercular diathesis; some even deny the existence of such a thing; others fully believe in it. Vogel is one of the latter. He regards heredity as an important etiologic factor in the production of infantile tuberculosis, because children born of parents affected with this disease develop it when exposed to bad hygienic surroundings. Baumgarten thinks there is a virus transmitted from parent to offspring. Bend is arrayed against him. Edward Squire of London from a study of 1,000 cases concludes that heredity accounts for 9 per cent, of cases among children born of phthisic parents, in excess of cases among children of non-phthisic parents. He therefore believes that heredity in these cases means simply a tendency to suffer from diseases, tuberculosis among others, which all children born of weakly parents have in common. Dr. Solomon Solis-Cohen says, "to make our conception of
Prevention of Bone Metastases in Patients with High-risk Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Treated with Zoledronic Acid: Efficacy and Safety Results of the Zometa European Study (ZEUS)
Authors: Manfred Wirth, Teuvo Tammela, Virgilio Cicalese, Francisco Gomez Veiga, Karl Delaere, Kurt Miller, Andrea Tubaro, Matthias Schulze, Frans Debruyne, Hartwig Huland, Anup Patel, Frederic Lecouvet, Christien Caris, Wim Witjes
Journal: European Urology (2014)
A Little-Known Subject: Lead and Cardiac Toxicity
Authors: Muhammed Bora Demirçelik, Omer Caglar Yılmaz, Hınc Yılmaz, Engın Tutkun, Ozgul Malcok Gurel, Incı Aslı Atar, Zehra Guven Cetın, Mustafa Cetın, Beyhan Eryonucu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Traditional Chinese concepts of mental health
Authors: Z. Z. Li
Journal: JAMA (1984)

AS A valuable contribution to the world's common treasure of healing art, traditional Chinese medicine has gained international recognition. But up to the present, not so much is known of traditional Chinese concepts, theories, and instructions on mental health. Is this possibly because of a relative meagerness of the latter in Chinese civilization compared with the former? On the contrary, a brief review of traditional Chinese culture would convince us of the amazing richness of precepts in Chinese classics on mental health. In the ancient book<i>The Great Learning</i>, it was stated that the human mind is unable to maintain its normality under distractions by fear, anger, worry, or fixed desires. And the normality of the mind was ever believed to be prerequisite to one's personal, familial, and social wellbeing. This basic principle gave rise to a great variety of relevant philosophical thoughts in the following generations and, like a
Free DNA ends are essential for concatemerization of synthetic Double-Stranded Adeno-Associated virus vector genomes transfected into mouse hepatocytes in vivo
Authors: Hiroyuki Nakai, Sally Fuess, Theresa A Storm, Leonard A Meuse, Mark A Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors stably transduce hepatocytes in vivo. In hepatocyte nuclei, the incoming single-stranded (ss) vector genomes are converted into various forms of double-stranded (ds) genomes including extrachromosomal linear and circular monomers and concatemers, and a small portion of the vector genomes integrate into chromosomes. The mechanism of genome conversion is not well understood. In the present study, we analyzed the role of inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences of ds circular or linear rAAV vector intermediates in concatemerization. We synthesized supercoiled ds circular monomers with a double-D ITR (DDITR) (C+), and ds linear monomers with an ITR at each end (L+), and their control molecules, C− and L−, which lack the ITR-derived sequences, and transfected mouse hepatocytes with these molecules in vivo to assess their capacity for concatemerization. The transfected L+ or L−, but not C+ or C− molecules, concatemerized in vivo irrespective of the presence or absence of the ITRs. In addition, our results suggested that transfected C+ or C− species were not efficient substrates for integration. Based on these observations, we propose a model whereby ds linear molecules with free DNA ends, but not circular molecules, play an important role in rAAV vector genome concatemerization.
Diabetes in American Indians: An overview
Authors: Dorothy Gohdes, Stephen Kaufman, Sarah Valway
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To review the growth of diabetes as a major health problem for American Indians and Alaska Natives. Research Design and Methods— Pertinent studies of diabetes in Indians previously published are reviewed and compared with current data. Results— Although diabetes rates may vary among different Indian tribes, diabetes has become a widespread health problem. Conclusions— Our understanding of the natural history of diabetes among Indians has improved, but better strategies to prevent complications and ultimately to prevent diabetes are urgently needed in Indian communities.
False positive results for leucocytes in urine dipstick test with common antibiotics
Authors: J H Beer, A Vogt, K Neftel, P Cottagnoud
Journal: BMJ (1996)

We found positive results for leucocyte esterase in the dipstick test in two patients with acute leukaemia who had had documented aplasia for several days. They were treated with imipenem for fever of unknown origin and had no symptoms of urinary tract infection; the sediment and culture were negative. The dipstick test for leucocyte esterase was also positive in vitro with imipenem, and this prompted us to investigate further.

We dissolved the antibiotics to be tested as recommended by the manufacturers at the concentrations used for infusion or more dilute (table 1). The drugs were used in their commercially available form or provided as single substances by the manufacturers. Spontaneous degradation (aging) was allowed for by …