tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammasome Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts Is Essential for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Masanori Kawaguchi, Masafumi Takahashi, Takeki Hata, Yuichiro Kashima, Fumitake Usui, Hajime Morimoto, Atsushi Izawa, Yasuko Takahashi, Junya Masumoto, Jun Koyama, Minoru Hongo, Tetsuo Noda, Jun Nakayama, Junji Sagara, Shun'ichiro Taniguchi, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the mechanism by which myocardial I/R induces inflammation remains unclear. Recent evidence indicates that a sterile inflammatory response triggered by tissue damage is mediated through a multiple-protein complex called the inflammasome. Therefore, we hypothesized that the inflammasome is an initial sensor for danger signal(s) in myocardial I/R injury. Methods and Results— We demonstrate that inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts, but not in cardiomyocytes, is crucially involved in the initial inflammatory response after myocardial I/R injury. We found that inflammasomes are formed by I/R and that its subsequent activation of inflammasomes leads to interleukin-1β production, resulting in inflammatory responses such as inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine expression in the heart. In mice deficient for apoptosis-associated speck-like adaptor protein and caspase-1, these inflammatory responses and subsequent injuries, including infarct development and myocardial fibrosis and dysfunction, were markedly diminished. Bone marrow transplantation experiments with apoptosis-associated speck-like adaptor protein–deficient mice revealed that inflammasome activation in bone marrow cells and myocardial resident cells such as cardiomyocytes or cardiac fibroblasts plays an important role in myocardial I/R injury. In vitro experiments revealed that hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulated inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts, but not in cardiomyocytes, and that hypoxia/reoxygenation–induced activation was mediated through reactive oxygen species production and potassium efflux. Conclusions— Our results demonstrate the molecular basis for the initial inflammatory response after I/R and suggest that the inflammasome is a potential novel therapeutic target for preventing myocardial I/R injury.
Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia
Authors: Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer, Joseph Lorenz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

To investigate the paternal population history of populations in Northern Island Melanesia, 685 paternally unrelated males from 36 populations in this region and New Guinea were analyzed at 14 regionally informative binary markers and 7 short tandem repeat (STR) loci from the nonrecombining portion of the Y chromosome. Three newly defined binary markers (K6-P79, K7-P117, and M2-P87) aided in identifying considerable heterozygosity that would have otherwise gone undetected. Judging from their geographic distributions and network analyses of their associated STR profiles, 4 lineages appear to have developed in this region and to be of considerable age: K6-P79, K7-P117, M2-P87, and M2a-P22. The origins of K5-M230 and M-M4 are also confirmed as being located further west, probably in New Guinea. In the 25 adequately sampled populations, the number of different haplogroups ranged from 2 in the single most isolated group (the Aita of Bougainville), to 9, and measures of molecular diversity were generally not particularly low. The resulting pattern contradicts earlier findings that suggested far lower male-mediated diversity and gene exchange rates in the region. However, these earlier studies had not included the newly defined haplogroups. We could only identify a very weak signal of recent male Southeast Asian genetic influence (<10%), which was almost entirely restricted to Austronesian (Oceanic)-speaking groups. This contradicts earlier assumptions on the ancestral composition of these groups and requires a revision of hypotheses concerning the settlement of the islands of the central Pacific, which commenced from this region.
Screening has not reduced deaths from breast cancer, study shows
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Mammographic screening has not had any effect, so far, on breast cancer mortality at the population level in England, a new analysis concludes.

Researchers from the Department of Public Health at Oxford University analysed mortality data before and after the breast cancer screening programme was introduced in 1988.1 The research was based on data from the Oxford region between 1979 and 2009 because, unlike the rest of England, in this region all causes of death and …
The T.N.T. Health Hazard
Authors: H. M. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1941)

When toluol, or toluene, is completely nitrated with a mixed acid containing sulphuric and nitric acids, trinitrotoluene (T.N.T.) is produced.This is a pale yellow solid with a melting-point at about 800 C. Nitration is completed at about 1000 C., the T.N.T. then separating out from the acid as a dark yellow oily liquid.The molten T.N.T. is washed with hot water until free of acid and is further washed with a solution of sulphite of soda to remove impurities.The purified T.N.T. is dried at 1000 to 1100 C. by running it through a steam-jacketed pan.The finished product can be obtained:
Primary and revision efficacy of cross-wired metallic stents for endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement in malignant hilar biliary strictures
Authors: T. Lee, J. Moon, J. Kim, D. Park, S. Lee, H. Choi, Y. Cho, S. Park, S. Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Endoscopic bilateral drainage for inoperable malignant hilar biliary strictures (HBS) using metal stents is considered to be technically difficult. Furthermore, endoscopic revision of bilateral stenting after occlusion can be challenging. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of cross-wired metallic stents in high-grade malignant HBS and planned endoscopic bilateral revision. <b>Patients and methods:</b> A total of 84 patients with inoperable high-grade malignant HBS were enrolled from three academic tertiary referral centers. Two cross-wired metal stents were inserted using a bilateral stent-in-stent placement method. Bilateral endoscopic revision was also performed during follow-up using either identical metal stents or plastic stents. The main outcome measurements were technical and functional success, complications, stent patency, and endoscopic revision efficacy. <b>Results: </b>The technical and clinical success rates of endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of cross-wired metallic stents were 95.2 % (80 /84) and 92.9 % (78 /84), respectively. Median patency (range) and survival were 238 days (10 – 429) and 256 days (10 – 1130), respectively. Obstruction of primary bilateral stents occurred in 30.8 % (24 /78) of patients with functionally successful stent placement. The technical and clinical success rates of planned bilateral endoscopic revision for occluded stents were 83.3 % (20 /24) and 79.2 % (19 /24), respectively. For revision, bilateral metallic stents were placed in 11 patients (55.0 %); the remaining patients received plastic stents. <b>Conclusions: </b>Palliative endoscopic bilateral stent-in-stent placement of cross-wired metallic stents was effective in patients with inoperable HBS. Revision endoscopic bilateral stenting may be feasible and successful in cases where the primary deployed metal stents are occluded.
Warning on Use of Terbutaline Sulfate for Preterm Labor
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Specifications for eye-drops.
Authors: G. R. Fryers
Journal: BMJ (1967)

MEDIALJOUHHow much easier it would be if platelet stickiness were expressed as the percentage of sticky platelets rather than as the percentage of non-sticky platelets, and how much more logical.That is: Platelet stickiness (%)= (Original Count minus Second Count) x 100Original Count With this simple transformation a high value would indicate a high degree of stickiness, and the need for mathematical gym- nastics from the reader would disappear.I would have thought that this subject is still sufficiently young to allow this break with tradition in the interests of simplicity.-I am, etc.,
Henry Harrower and the Turbulent Beginnings of Endocrinology
Authors: Theodore B. Schwartz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

The emergence of new medical science in the mid-19th century was usually greeted with derision by “practical men” who saw their academic colleagues as elitist intellectuals whose work bore little or no relation to the rough-and-tumble aspects of patient care. This schism, which was nowhere greater than in the field of endocrinology, widened in 1891 when a myxedematous patient was dramatically restored to health after the administration of a thyroid extract. On the one hand, academicians—who saw this result as a triumphal example of the transference of laboratory studies to the bedside—were encouraged to pursue further studies in endocrine pathophysiology and pharmacology. On the other hand, medical practitioners began to believe that crude extracts from glands or other organs, when prescribed as orally administered mixtures, were effective for the treatment of most human ailments. The organotherapeutic forces were ably championed by Henry R. Harrower, MD, a manufacturer as well as a dispenser of organotherapeutic products. For some years, the claims of the organotherapists remained unchallenged. Finally, in 1921, Harvey Cushing, pioneer neurosurgeon and endocrinologist, launched a crushing assault on the purveyors of pluriglandular therapy. These attacks continued over ensuing years, and organotherapy fell into disrepute. Nevertheless, the assertions of “practical men” have not subsided; rather, we are now confronted by insistent claims for a bewildering array of herbal remedies, over-the-counter hormonal products, and alternative therapies.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to Mesenteric Varices
Authors: MARGARET E. HANSEN, R. EDWARD COLEMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Mesenteric varices can appear as massive, acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The small bowel or colon may be involved, varices usually developing at sites of previous surgery or inflammation in patients with portal hypertension. Two patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension presented with rectal bleeding. Tc-99m RBC studies demonstrated varices and extravasation into the adjacent bowel. The varices were documented by mesenteric angiography. Characteristic features of Tc-99m labeled RBC studies can identify mesenteric varices as the cause of intestinal bleeding and localize the abnormal vessels.
Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied
Authors: Oscar Bodansky
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book reflects a felicitous combination of basic biochemical principles and practical techniques. The first chapters deal with such aspects as cold knife and microtome methods, freeze-drying, and the chemistry of fixation. The major groups of biochemical components—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids—are considered in chapters 5 to 12. Each chapter contains a brief general survey of the chemistry of the group of compounds discussed. This is followed by a consideration of the chemical reactions involved in the staining reactions and by a critical evaluation of various methods that have been proposed in each connection. For each of these chapters, as for others in the book, a correspondingly numbered appendix gives the details of the methods recommended by the author. Chapters 12 to 22 are devoted to the histochemistry of enzymes. The general principles are outlined in the first of these chapters. The author stresses the necessity for understanding the
ACUTE INTUSSUSCEPTION WITHOUT PAIN
Authors: V. R. Stephens
Journal: JAMA (1927)

D. M., a boy, aged 3 months and 15 days, vomited his bottle feeding late in the afternoon of Nov. 2, 1926, and about half an hour later passed about 3 cc. of bright red uncoagulated blood by rectum without any accompanying feces. A normal stool was passed that morning and there had not been any diarrhea. The feeding was mixed: the breast every three hours, followed by a supplement of whole milk, water and dextrimaltose. The mother stated that she gave the baby 5 drops of castoria daily because of a tendency toward constipation. The history showed a normal birth, and except for a severe cord hemorrhage about twenty minutes after birth there had not been illness of any kind. The baby had never vomited before. The baby was well nourished and did not show signs of discomfort. The pulse was 120; the temperature by rectum, 98.8. The throat,
America's Care of the Mentally III: A Photographic History
Authors: Steven S. Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This book, which was put together as part of the American Psychiatric Association's sesquicentennial anniversary (150 years), is a dramatic photographic testament to idealistic treatment philosophies, which were compromised by shaky science and the economics of"less is more." It is a moving portrait of the asylum era in American psychiatry, which initially attempted to provide individualized and humane "moral treatment" for the "insane" but rapidly deteriorated into the shame of the states, that is, huge understaffed warehouses for the mentally ill and brain damaged. There are some extraordinary photographs of physicians and staff for the state and private hospitals and the patients who filled the beds and achieved the "economies of scale," the basis for financing care. The last ten pages show the next era of less is more, the homeless mentally ill and deinstitutionalization, which has replaced state hospitalization as mental health policy in the latter part of the
Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa as presenting features of acromegaly.
Authors: R J Chalmers, R D Ead, M H Beck, P Dewis, D C Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

widespread in Britain.It seems necessary to postulate the existence of cofactors.There is no evident explanation for the rarity of the disease in western Eire.We are most grateful to the radiologists and other staff in the radiology departments of the Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, and the Merlin Park Hospital, Galway.The study was supported by the Medical
Systemic distribution, nuclear entry and cytotoxicity of amorphous nanosilica following topical application
Authors: Hiromi Nabeshi, Tomoaki Yoshikawa, Keigo Matsuyama, Yasutaro Nakazato, Kazuhiko Matsuo, Akihiro Arimori, Masaaki Isobe, Saeko Tochigi, Sayuri Kondoh, Toshiro Hirai, Takanori Akase, Takuya Yamashita, Kohei Yamashita, Tokuyuki Yoshida, Kazuya Nagano, Yasuhiro Abe, Yasuo Yoshioka, Haruhiko Kamada, Takayoshi Imazawa, Norio Itoh, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Tadanori Mayumi, Shin-ichi Tsunoda, Yasuo Tsutsumi
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
A Rapid Screening Test for Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Fotios Ch. Pavlatos
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The suppressibility of morning plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHCS) levels by 1 mg dexamethasone given by mouth at 11 pm the preceding night was used as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome. Plasma 17-OHCS in 16 normal subjects, 20 with simple obesity and 10 with diseases other than Cushing's syndrome were suppressed to levels below 5μg/100 ml. In contrast, in 17 patients with Cushing's syndrome, the lowest observed value was 13μg/100 ml and no false-negative results were obtained. Two obese, hirsute women proved to be partial responders only, as their plasma levels were not suppressed below 10.5μg/100 ml. Mild abnormalities of adrenal cortical secretory activity may be present in such cases. Therefore, a single morning 17-OHCS value of less than 5μg/100 ml plasma should exclude Cushing's syndrome.
Identification of Secreted Proteins that Mediate Cell-Cell Interactions in an <i>In vitro</i> Model of the Lung Cancer Microenvironment
Authors: Li Zhong, Jonathon Roybal, Raghothama Chaerkady, Wan Zhang, Kuicheon Choi, Cristina A. Alvarez, Hai Tran, Chad J. Creighton, Shaoyu Yan, Robert M. Strieter, Akhilesh Pandey, Jonathan M. Kurie
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells with somatic mutations in K-ras recruit to the tumor a variety of cell types (hereafter collectively termed “stromal cells”) that can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis by mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Here, we postulated that stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment alter the tumor cell secretome, including those proteins required for tumor growth and dissemination, and we developed an in vitro model to test this hypothesis. Coculturing a murine K-ras mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell line (LKR-13) with a murine lung stromal cell (macrophage, endothelial cell, or fibroblast) enhanced stromal cell migration, induced endothelial tube formation, increased LKR-13 cell proliferation, and regulated the secretion of proteins involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Among these proteins, CXCL1 has been reported to promote NSCLC development, whereas interleukin-18 (IL-18) has an undefined role. Genetic and pharmacologic strategies to inhibit CXCL1 and IL-18 revealed that stromal cell migration, LKR-13 cell proliferation, and LKR-13 cell tumorigenicity required one or both of these proteins. We conclude that stromal cells enhanced LKR-13 cell tumorigenicity partly through their effects on the secretome of LKR-13 cells. Strategies to inhibit tumor/stromal cell interactions may be useful as therapeutic approaches in NSCLC patients. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):7237–45]
The Risk for Systemic Embolization Associated with Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty in Adults
Authors: CHARLES J. DAVIDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To prospectively investigate the evidence for embolic phenomena associated with percutaneous mitral and aortic valvuloplasty. Design: Prospective, consecutive case series before and after balloon valvuloplasty. Setting: Referral center hospital and cardiac catheterization laboratory. Patients: Consecutive sample of 32 patients having balloon valvuloplasty for critical symptomatic stenosis of the mitral or aortic valve. Twenty-six patients had aortic stenosis; 6 had mitral stenosis. Intervention: Computed tomography of the head, funduscopy, and electrocardiography were done in all patients before and after valvuloplasty. Cardiac isoenzymes were measured serially in 19 patients. Measurements and Main Results: Previous cerebral infarction was seen in nine patients, with three showing a new abnormality after aortic valvuloplasty. In one of these patients a funduscopic hemorrhage was detected by photography. Total creatinine kinase and MB fraction were elevated in 1 of 19 patients. Serial electrocardiograms were unchanged in all patients. Conclusions: The incidence of cerebral neurologic events and myocardial injury are acceptably low after balloon valvuloplasty of calcific aortic and mitral stenosis. Both episodes of symptomatic cerebral infarction occurred in patients with apparent bicuspid aortic valvular stenosis, suggesting that calcific bicuspid aortic stenosis may be associated with more neurologic events after aortic valvuloplasty.
LEUKOTACTIC FACTORS ELABORATED BY VIRUS-INFECTED TISSUES
Authors: Peter A. Ward, Stanley Cohen, Thomas D. Flanagan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Infection of chick embryos wih either Newcastle disease virus or mumps virus and infection of BGM cell cultures with mumps virus result in the elaboration of chemotactic activity for neutrophils and macrophages. These factors cannot be found in lysates of uninfected cells. They do not appear to be associated with the viral particles per se, but rather are present in virus-free supernates from infected fluids. Ultracentrifugal studies of the neutrophil chemotactic activity in allantoic fluid of embryos infected with the two different viruses indicate a similar biphasic distribution of activity, while fluid from the mammalian cell cultures shows a single zone of leukotactic activity, further suggesting that the infected cell, rather than the virus, is responsible for the leukotactic activity. Virus-infected cells also release a substance(s) which is itself not leukotactic but which can interact with human C3 or C5 to generate such activity. This leukotactic factor-generating substance is similar to that reported in another virus-infected cell system. It is postulated that the leukotactic factors elaborated as a result of virus infection of cells may play a protective role in vivo.
1139-59 Intravascular ultrasound analysis of the new ABT-578 eluting phosphorylcholine-coated stent implantation to de novo human coronary lesions: The ENDEAVOR I trial
Authors: Yoichiro Hongo, Ryota Sakurai, Ian Meredith, Robert J Whitbourn, John Ormiston, Patrick Key, David Muller, Mark Pitney, Con Aroney, Mark Adams, Ali Hassan, Yasuhiro Honda, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)