tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lidocaine's negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic actions. Dependence on shortening of action potential duration and reduction of intracellular sodium activity.
Authors: S S Sheu, W J Lederer
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The mechanisms by which lidocaine brings about negative inotropic effects and antiarrhythmic actions in the heart have been examined. Using sheep cardiac Purkinje fibers, we studied the effects of "therapeutic" concentrations of lidocaine (20 microM lidocaine = 5.4 micrograms/ml) on electrical activity, intracellular sodium activity, and tension. For the preparation with a normal, physiological level of intracellular sodium activity (5-9 mM), the application of lidocaine leads to the following actions: action potential duration is decreased, intracellular sodium activity falls, and twitch tension is reduced. If intracellular sodium activity is first elevated (e.g., by sodium pump inhibition) so that arrhythmogenic transient depolarizations (and the underlying transient inward current are seen) then lidocaine has the following actions: The action potential duration is reduced. There is a reduction of the magnitude of the arrhythmogenic transient depolarization (or the underlying membrane current transient inward current). The magnitude of the aftercontraction that accompanies the transient depolarization (or transient inward current) is reduced. If, after sodium pump inhibition, intracellular sodium activity is still rising-then, the application of lidocaine leads to a reduction of the rate of rise of intracellular sodium. From these results, parallel voltage-clamp experiments, and recent work by others, we conclude that lidocaine leads to the reduction of the arrhythmogenic transient depolarization and a reduction of twitch tension by decreasing the inward sodium current. These actions are mediated by a reduction in action potential duration and a reduction of intracellular sodium activity and of intracellular calcium activity (by the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism).
Utilization of the Coronary Balloon-Expandable Coil Stent Without Anticoagulation or Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Christopher M. Goods, Khaled F. Al-Shaibi, Sanjay S. Yadav, Ming W. Liu, Brian H. Negus, Sriram S. Iyer, Larry S. Dean, Suresh P. Jain, William A. Baxley, J. Michael Parks, Ronald J. Sutor, Gary S. Roubin
Journal: Circulation (1996)

The balloon-expandable coil stent has been proved effective in the management of acute and threatened closure after coronary balloon angioplasty and has been shown to reduce restenosis in patients with suboptimal results after coronary balloon angioplasty. Coronary artery stenting has been limited by the occurrence of stent thrombosis and comorbidity related to anticoagulation. This study was undertaken to determine whether anticoagulation may be removed from poststenting protocols, thus reducing comorbidity without increasing stent thrombosis.Between September 1994 and May 1995, 369 patients received balloon-expandable coil stents in native coronary arteries at our institution. Of these patients, 216 were selected for a protocol of aspirin and ticlopidine (for 1 month) without anticoagulation. Eligibility for this protocol followed satisfaction of certain procedural and angiographic criteria. These criteria included adequate coverage of intimal dissections, absence of residual filling defects, and normal (TIMI grade 3) flow in the stented vessel after high-pressure balloon inflations. Intravascular ultrasound was not used to guide stent deployment. The stenting procedure was planned in 37% of patients and unplanned in 63% of patients, including 25 (12%) for acute or threatened closure. During the 30-day follow-up period, stent thrombosis occurred in 2 patients (0.9%), there was 1 death (0.5%), and 2 patients (0.9%) underwent coronary bypass surgery. Vascular access-site complications occurred in 4 patients (1.9%), and bleeding that required blood transfusion occurred in 4 patients (1.9%).Patients who receive the coronary balloon-expandable coil stent with optimal angiographic results without intravascular ultrasound guidance can be managed safely with a combination of aspirin and ticlopidine without anticoagulation.
Serum ferritin as indicator of iron responsive anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: T M Hansen, N E Hansen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

In order to test the hypothesis that serum ferritin below 60 micrograms/l is a good indicator of iron deficiency in patients with rheumatoid arthritis peroral iron was given to 67 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis over a three month period. A rise in haemoglobin concentration was taken as evidence of iron responsive anaemia. In anaemic patients serum ferritin below 60 micrograms/l was a good indicator of iron responsive anaemia, with a predictive value of 83%. Although high plasma transferrin and low mean cell volume showed similar predictive values, more patients with iron deficiency anaemia could be diagnosed by serum ferritin measurements than by other conventional blood tests. In contrast, the predictive value of serum ferritin above 60 micrograms/l was low (50%). The test was of no predictive value in non-anaemic patients. In patients with anaemia and active rheumatoid arthritis serum ferritin is the best blood test currently available for the prediction of iron responsive anaemia.
Specific abrogation of transforming growth factor-β signaling in T cells alters atherosclerotic lesion size and composition in mice
Authors: Andrea Gojova, Valérie Brun, Bruno Esposito, Françoise Cottrez, Pierre Gourdy, Patrice Ardouin, Alain Tedgui, Ziad Mallat, Hervé Groux
Journal: Blood (2003)
Neoadjuvant Therapy with Paclitaxel followed by 5-Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide Chemotherapy and Concurrent Trastuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Operable Breast Cancer: An Update of the Initial Randomized Study Population and Data of Additional Patients Treated with the Same Regimen
Authors: Aman U. Buzdar, Vicente Valero, Nuhad K. Ibrahim, Deborah Francis, Kristine R. Broglio, Richard L. Theriault, Lajos Pusztai, Marjorie C. Green, Sonja E. Singletary, Kelly K. Hunt, Aysegul A. Sahin, Francisco Esteva, William F. Symmans, Michael S. Ewer, Thomas A. Buchholz, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Findings from our previously published phase III randomized trial showed a high pathologic complete remission (CR) rate in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer after the concurrent administration of trastuzumab and paclitaxel, followed by concurrent trastuzumab and 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) preoperative chemotherapy. The safety and efficacy data of initial population were updated, with inclusion of additional experience with the same therapy. Study Design: The initial randomized study population of 42 patients were randomly assigned to either four cycles of paclitaxel followed by four cycles of FEC or to the same chemotherapy with simultaneous weekly trastuzumab for 24 weeks. All data were updated through November 2005. Results: Pretreatment characteristics of the initial patients and of the second cohort were similar. In the second cohort, pathologic CR rate was 54.5% (95% confidence interval, 32.2-75.6%) and the pathologic CR rate among all patients treated with chemotherapy plus trastuzumab was 60% (95% confidence interval, 44.3-74.3%). Three patients in the chemotherapy only group have recurred, and one has died. There has been no recurrences in the patients randomized to chemotherapy plus trastuzumab, and the estimated disease-free survival at 1 and 3 years was 100% (P = 0.041). In additional cohort treated with chemotherapy and trastuzumab at the median follow-up of 16.3 months, no patients had recurred. No new safety concerns were observed in this study. Conclusion: Our expanded cardiac safety data and the updated efficacy data showed that the natural history of this subset of breast cancer patients can be substantially modified by this treatment approach.
Accepting commercial sponsorship
Authors: L. A Bero
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Earlier this summer the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health published a report describing its policies towards accepting industry sponsorship.1 The ethics advisory committee that wrote the report was formed in response to controversy surrounding the college's acceptance and lack of disclosure of sponsorship from Nestle, a manufacturer of breast milk substitutes. The acceptance of the money from Nestle was hotly debated among college members because breast milk substitutes are associated with infant deaths in developing countries and do not provide the same health advantages as breast feeding. The college voted 73% in favour of continuing to accept sponsorship from baby food manufacturers but recommended that it should define criteria for ethical sponsorship. An examination of the college's resulting report and its recommendations may offer some help to other organisations struggling with the same issue.

Overwhelming evidence exists that single source sponsorship is associated with outcomes favourable to the sponsor's product.2–4 Although most documentation of industry influence on research concerns the pharmaceutical and tobacco industries, other types of …
Genetic control of the frequency of hematopoietic stem cells in mice: mapping of a candidate locus to chromosome 1.
Authors: C E Müller-Sieburg, R Riblet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The genetic elements that govern the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells remain to be defined. We describe here marked strain-specific differences in the frequency of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) in the bone marrow of different strains of mice. Mice of C57Bl/6 background showed the lowest levels of stem cells in marrow, averaging 2.4 +/- .06 LTC-IC/10(5) cells, BALB/c is intermediate (9.1 +/- 4.2/10(5) cells), and DBA/2 mice contained a 11-fold higher frequency of LTC-IC (28.1 +/- 16.5/10(5) cells) than C57Bl/6 mice. The genetic factors affecting the size of the stem cell pool were analyzed in the C57Bl/6 X DBA/2 recombinant inbred strains; LTC-IC frequencies ranged widely, indicating that stem cell frequencies are controlled by multiple genes. Quantitative trait linkage analysis suggested that two loci that have major quantitative effects are located on chromosome 1 near Adprp and Acrg, respectively. The mapping of the locus near Adprp was confirmed by finding an elevated stem cell frequency in B6.C-H25, a C57Bl/6 congenic strain that carries a portion of chromosome 1 derived from BALB/c mice. We have named this gene Scfr1 (stem cell frequency regulator 1). The allelic forms of this gene may be an important predictor of stem cell number and thus would be useful for evaluating cell sources in clinical stem cell transplantation.
Mast cell tryptase and chymase in chronic leg ulcers: chymase is potentially destructive to epithelium and is controlled by proteinase inhibitors
Authors: M. Huttunen, I.T. Harvima
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Numerous mast cells are present in chronic leg ulcers. Tryptase and chymase are the major mediators of mast cells, but their significance is mostly dependent on their activity. In addition, the proteinases may affect ulcer epithelialization.To study levels and activity of tryptase and chymase in wash samples and biopsies from chronic leg ulcers and the possible effect of these proteinases on keratinocyte growth and adherence.Wash samples were taken from 16 patients and a superficial shave biopsy was taken in eight of these patients; a second biopsy series was obtained from the edge of chronic venous leg ulcers (n = 6).Significant levels of soluble tryptase activity and histamine, but low levels of chymase activity, were measured in wash samples from chronic ulcers. No tryptase-inhibiting activity, but clear chymase-inhibiting activity, was detected in the wash samples. In superficial wound bed biopsies, relatively marked levels of chymase activity together with histamine and tryptase activity were detected. In the second biopsy series, about 80% of the mast cells belonged to the MC(TC) type (tryptase- and chymase-immunopositive). However, about 55-61% of the chymase-immunopositive cells displayed chymase activity and 64 +/- 17% of the tryptase-positive cells revealed immunoreactivity of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin. As the activity of chymase and tryptase was detected in the ulcer base in a ratio of 1:8, a preparation containing both chymase and tryptase was partially purified from human skin yielding a similar activity ratio of 1:11-13. Treatment of fibronectin-coated plastic surfaces with this preparation decreased the adherence of cultured human keratinocytes, this effect being attributable mainly to chymase. In 2-day cultures using growth factor/serum-deficient low- or high-calcium medium, the tryptase-chymase preparation inhibited the slow growth and at higher concentrations it even induced detachment of keratinocytes. This effect was attributed to chymase, and it was partially regulated by heparin and histamine.Even though chymase is partially inactivated in chronic leg ulcers, accumulated mast cells in the close proximity of the epithelium edge and their chymase may impair keratinocyte adherence and migration.
Leo Herman Criep
Authors: Sheldon G. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Birch pollen immunotherapy results in long-term loss of Bet v 1–specific TH2 responses, transient TR1 activation, and synthesis of IgE-blocking antibodies
Authors: Christian Möbs, Henrik Ipsen, Lea Mayer, Caroline Slotosch, Arnd Petersen, Peter A. Würtzen, Michael Hertl, Wolfgang Pfützner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION BETWEEN TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDE AND HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The experiments recorded above show that in the case of antipneumococcus horse serum or purified antibody the arbitrary immunological procedure (37 degrees for 2 hours, overnight in the ice box) does not permit either the establishment of a true equilibrium or the precipitation of the maximum amount of antibody nitrogen. Analyses of such horse sera for antibody content should therefore be carried out at 0 degrees and the determinations should be allowed to stand in the cold for at least 24 hours in order to insure the completion of the reaction. It is believed that the similarity of the nitrogen: S III ratios in the specific precipitate, whether obtained from whole serum or from purified antibody, and the failure of added serum to influence the amount of nitrogen precipitated show that the absolute chemical method for the estimation of antibody actually measures antibody and not antibody plus a more or less indefinite amount of non-specific protein. An objection to the use of the method is thus shown to be unfounded.
Sympathetic component of neuropathic pain: Animal models and clinical diagnosis
Authors: Laszlo A. Urban
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Although clinical studies and animal models seem to establish an important role for the sympathetic nervous system in many forms of neuropathic and inflammatory pain, there is an ongoing debate on the classification of pain syndromes with sympathetic components. The confusion originates from several sources: failure to acknowledge that the pathomechanism of chronic pain can change during the progress of the disease, which is now strongly underlined by experimental data from suitable animal models. Neuropathic pain is a vaguely defined collection of pain syndromes which includes painful conditions with diverse and largely unknown patho-mechanisms. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and well designed, placebo controlled sympathectomy is rarely performed. [blumberg et al.]
Clinical Trials and Rare Diseases
Authors: Stephen W. Lagakos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In this issue of the Journal, Gallin and colleagues1 report the results of a clinical trial of itraconazole for the prevention of severe fungal infection in children and adults with chronic granulomatous disease. This trial required 10 years to enroll just 39 patients. The study illustrates some of the problems and options that arise in the design of clinical trials of new therapies for rare diseases.When patients are scarce, one option is to design the study so that patients serve as their own controls. For example, in a two-group crossover study,2 each patient receives the two study treatments sequentially . . .
Family Processes in Mental Retardation
Authors: D. RUSSELL DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Experiences disturbing the attachment of young mammals to their mothers, and of the mothers to the newborn, tend to delay and distort development in many respects. Does mental retardation in early childhood result from similar disorders in social behavior? Observations made in a series of "undifferentiated" cases suggest that it does when the security system provided by the family has failed to protect the infant from stress. The implications of this view for prevention and treatment are discussed.
Technetium-99m MDP Accumulation in a Nonmalignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: ROBERT W. BABBEL, DONALD E. JACKSON, FREDERIC A. CONTE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The presence of bone imaging radiopharmaceuticals in malignant pleural effusions has been well documented in the literature. The reported cases to date suggest that the appearance of radiopharmaceuticals in pleural effusions is specific for malignant pleural effusions. This case of an inflammatory, nonmalignanl pleural effusion with Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) in the effusion suggests that this finding should not be construed as a pathognomonic sign of malignant effusion.
Science and Health Care — The Political Problem
Authors: Irving J. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

BECAUSE good health is highly prized by the American people, the provision of good medical care is centrally involved in the political processes of our society. Recognition of this factor may well have come with understandable reluctance and pain, but the involvement in politics is real, and wishing will not make it go away. Furthermore, it may have some surprising fringe benefits.In the era that we are now entering, interesting, even exciting, medicine may no longer be associated so closely with the scientific challenges of conquering killer or rare diseases. Increasingly, the doctor will find professional satisfaction on other . . .
Influence of Insulin-like Growth Factors on the Strength of the Relation of Vitamin D and Calcium Intakes to Mammographic Breast Density
Authors: Caroline Diorio, Sylvie Bérubé, Celia Byrne, Benoît Mâsse, Nicole Hébert-Croteau, Martin Yaffe, Gary Coté, Michael Pollak, Jacques Brisson
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Diets with higher vitamin D and calcium contents were found associated with lower mammographic breast density and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women. Because laboratory studies suggest that the actions of vitamin D, calcium, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) on human breast cancer cells are interrelated, we examined whether IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels could affect the strength of the association of vitamin D and calcium intakes with breast density. Among 771 premenopausal women, breast density was measured by a computer-assisted method, vitamin D and calcium intakes by a food frequency questionnaire, and levels of plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 by ELISA methods. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations and the interactions. The negative associations of vitamin D or calcium intakes with breast density were stronger among women with IGF-I levels above the median (β = −2.8, P = 0.002 and β = −2.5, P = 0.002, respectively) compared with those with IGF-I levels below or equal to the median (β = −0.8, P = 0.38 and β = −1.1, P = 0.21; Pinteraction = 0.09 and 0.16, respectively). Similar results were observed within levels of IGFBP-3 (Pinteraction = 0.06 and 0.03, respectively). This is the first study to report that the negative relation of vitamin D and calcium intakes with breast density may be seen primarily among women with high IGF-I or high IGFBP-3 levels. Our findings suggest that the IGF axis should be taken into account when the effects of vitamin D and calcium on breast density (and perhaps breast cancer risk) are examined at least among premenopausal women. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(1): 588-97)
High-throughput Three-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis for Versatile Utilities: A Stacked Slice-gel System for Separation and Reactions (4SR)
Authors: Md. Salimullah, Masaki Mori, Koichi Nishigaki
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract A novel high-throughput system, called the stacked slice-gel system for separation and reactions (4SR), was developed for the analysis of DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. The system provides a novel three-dimensional gel electrophoresis approach that exploits the property of stacked slice gels. It allows multiple samples simultaneously to react as well as to be separated, offering a two-dimensional (m × n) sample loading system. For this purpose, high-throughput multi-micro vessels (MMVs) containing variable numbers of wells (100 wells in this paper) have been used, which are made of 25 mm square-size polyacrylamide gels. Furthermore, after electrophoretic separation, a slice gel containing a desired sample can be easily removed and proceeded to the next step. Different biological reactions as well as successive separation of products were effectively carried out dealing with DNA/RNA and protein/peptide. It shows that this system has a diversity of potentials to be developed.
Assignment of Disability Ratings
Authors: Charles D. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With the high cost of medical care in the United States being on the minds of all responsible citizens, the cost of medical disability must loom as a specter of increasing concern. From the vantage point of an orthopedic surgeon, I would like to bring to attention an aspect of medical costs that may be related to a guilt feeling on the part of a patient's surgeon. I refer to a situation where a patient sustains work-related back ailments that are operated on by a well-intentioned surgeon. The physician later finds that the patient is no better—perhaps even worse. This unhappy revelation provokes a feeling of guilt, because the patient has undergone a painful, major operation without the expected improvement. To compound the guilt, the surgeon has been well compensated for the surgical exercise. When the surgeon is asked to assign a disability rating for this patient,