tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply: Metformin in therapy naive patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: E. Moll, F. van der Veen
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2008)

Metformin in therapy naı ¨ve patients with polycystic ovary syndrome Sir, We have read with great interest the paper by Moll et al. (2007) recently published on Human Reproduction Update.The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of metformin administration in the total spectrum of treatment possibilities for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients in terms of fertility improvement, and having as primary end-point the live-birth rate.The authors (Moll et al., 2007) concluded that clomiphene citrate (CC) is still the first choice therapy for infertile women with PCOS.To draw this conclusion, the authors evaluated eight randomized controlled trials (El-Biely and Habba, 2001;
Policy on drug misuse
Authors: C Ford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

ED1TOR,-AS I trained at the Salpetriere, I appre- ciated the article by Raymond Hierons about Charcot and his visits to Britain.I Charcot's links with Britain were also reviewed in a paper presented at the Salpetriere on the centenary of Charcot's death.2Despite his reservations, Hierons gives too much weight to The Story of San Michele by
Psychological aspects of lower urinary tract infections in women
Authors: S. Higgins
Journal: BMJ (1992)

resulting in inadequate monitoring of 21 patients.We have found that a mirrored counting chamber authors state that the difference in the means Secondly, urine output was not monitored in costing under £50 (Hawksley and Sons, Lancing, yielded a tstatistic of 1-998, which is significant. 34patients.Sussex) gives good definition and allows bacteria to Calculation of this statistic from their presented Thirdly, shocked patients (blood pressure be recognised easily even with a cheap light means and standard deviations, however, results in <100 mm Hg, postural drop in blood pressure, microscope.Phase contrast microscopy gives t= 1 8, which is not significant.thirst, tachycardia) were identified but not always optimum definition, and a relatively inexpensiveThe authors have assumed that patients pre- monitored as closely as they should have been.Of model is now available -namely, the updated senting with dysfunction of the lower urinary tract the eight shocked patients, four did not have a McArthur microscope (K W Kirk and Sons, who do not have a urinary tract infection have the urinary catheter, six received colloid in the first Milton, Cambridge), which has been around urethral syndrome.This is obviously incorrect as hour, and five received blood in the first four as a light microscope since 1974.This has the they have ignored the possibility of various other
INFLUENCE OF CHARACTER OF ANTIBODY UPON VELOCITY OF FLOCCULATION
Authors: William C. Boyd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

Results of a thorough study of the rates of flocculation of 20 antisera when mixed with their antigens in all proportions are presented. The relation between the alpha (constant antibody) and beta (constant antigen) optima is discussed. It is suggested that most of the antisera examined can be classified into two main types, one of which, the H type, gives an optimum by both the alpha and beta procedures, whereas the R type gives an optimum only by the former technique. It appears that these differences can only be accounted for by the influence of differences in the physical and chemical properties of the various antibodies.
Peptic Ulcers in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Norman B. Thomson, Theodore C. Jewett
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Peptic ulcer in infancy and childhood appears to be increasing in incidence. In this study, peptic ulceration was associated with steroid therapy or a serious underlying illness in seven of ten infants and in nine of 40 older children. Ten patients from birth to the age of two years presented with perforation or bleeding. Among 16 patients with perforation, the eight who were not operated on died. The eight who were treated surgically all survived. Four of ten patients with massive bleeding, not operated on died; two treated surgically are alive and well. Omental plication, ligature, and the rarely indicated gastric resection are advised according to clinical and diagnostic findings.
Über die psychodynamische Beziehung von Traum, Psychose und Realität in der Schizophrenic unter dem Aspekt von Ich-Regulation (Mit Falldarstellung)
Authors: G. Ammon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

In this study the author describes the particular dynamics of dream and reality during the analytic treatment of schizophrenia. The interior reality of the patient submerges him leaving hardly a place for dream in his life. With the aid of therapy the patient will be gradually able to build up the external reality. Dreams will emerge then and become an analysable element in the treatment. The presented case shows how an appropriate technique, which strengthens and supports the ego in its confrontation with reality, enables the patient at first to reestablish the boundaries between internal and external realitiy, so that the analytical work of dream and transference interpretation can be undertaken without fearing a psychotic explosion. The therapist has to chose the decisive point at which he can plunge in the psychotic reality of the patient in order to resolve the symbiotic transference and to guide the patient on the way towards reality and recovery.
CORTISONE IN TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: L. Emmerson Ward
Journal: JAMA (1953)

In selected cases of rheumatoid arthritis, cortisone, hydrocortisone (compound F), or corticotropin (ACTH) can achieve greater antirheumatic results than any other single measure presently available. The usefulness of these hormones in controlling the active rheumatoid process is, however, limited in some patients, principally because of certain undesirable physiological effects that may result. Consequently, physicians and patients have asked repeatedly whether cortisone administration is a practical therapeutic measure for rheumatoid arthritis or whether in this disease cortisone should be used for investigative purposes only. Initially, its use was unquestionably investigative, and much still remains to be learned about its effects. Nevertheless, it is now our opinion that cortisone can be employed as a practical measure of treatment, regardless of whether that treatment is considered investigative, if the physician will expend the time and effort necessary for the proper selection and management of patients. Several rheumatologists who have recently expressed themselves on
Reduction of latex aeroallergens and latex-specific IgE antibodies in sensitized workers after removal of powdered natural rubber latex gloves in a hospital☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Henning Allmers, Randolph Brehler, Zhipping Chen, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth, Hubert Fels, Xaver Baur
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
An alternative approach for investigating the carcinogenicity of indoor air pollution: pets as sentinels of environmental cancer risk.
Authors: J A Bukowski, D Wartenberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Traditionally, the cancer risks associated with radon,environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and similar indoor residential exposures have been evaluated through either laboratory experiments in rodents or epidemiology studies in people. Laboratory studies have the advantage of being controlled experiments, but their utility as estimators of human risk is limited by the uncertainties of extrapolating from rodents to people and from high doses to those typically experienced in the home. These experiments also subject animals to noxious exposures, causing suffering that may be considered cruel. Traditional epidemiology studies evaluate human risk directly, at the exposure levels present in residences; however, these studies are limited by their potential for misclassification, biased recall, and uncontrolled confounding. The long time intervals involved between exposure and disease (often 30 years or more) make accurate recall particularly problematic. In this paper we discuss the limitations of these traditional approaches, especially as they relate to residential studies of radon and ETS. The problems associated with the maximum tolerated dose in rodent bioassays and exposure misclassification in traditional epidemiology are particularly examined. A third approach that supplements the traditional approaches and overcomes some of their limitations is suggested. This approach, dubbed pet epidemiology, estimates residential cancer risk by examining the exposure experience of pet dogs with naturally occurring cancers. The history of pet epidemiology is reviewed and its strengths and limitations are examined.
Psychosocial effects of screening for somatic risk: the Swedish alpha 1 antitrypsin experience.
Authors: T F McNeil, T Sveger, T Thelin
Journal: Thorax (1988)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids drive the spread of antibiotic resistance between bacterial lineages. The immediate impact of MDR plasmid acquisition on fitness and cellular processes varies among bacterial lineages, but how the evolutionary processes enabling the genomic integration of MDR plasmids vary is less well understood, particularly in clinical pathogens. Using diverse <i>Escherichia coli</i> lineages experimentally evolved for ∼700 generations, we show that the evolutionary response to gaining the MDR plasmid pLL35 was dominated by chromosomal mutations affecting metabolic and regulatory functions, with both strain-specific and shared mutational targets. The expression of several of these functions, such as anaerobic metabolism, is known to be altered upon acquisition of pLL35. Interactions with resident mobile genetic elements, notably several IS-elements, potentiated parallel mutations, including insertions upstream of <i>hns</i> that were associated with its upregulation and the downregulation of the plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene. Plasmid parallel mutations targeted conjugation-related genes, whose expression was also commonly downregulated in evolved clones. Beyond their role in horizontal gene transfer, plasmids can be an important selective force shaping the evolution of bacterial chromosomes and core cellular functions.
A highly cost effective method of mass screening for thalassaemia.
Authors: E Silvestroni, I Bianco
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A simple, fast, and reliable two step procedure for the detection of non-alpha-thalassaemias in mass screening programmes is presented. Step 1 consists of a study of red cell morphology and a one tube red cell osmotic fragility tests. This step eliminates the non-thalassaemic samples; the rest are processed through step 2, consisting of determination of red cell indices and haemoglobin studies. Over the past seven years this procedure has been used at this centre in mass screening secondary school students in Latium. Blood samples from 289 763 students were examined, and 6838 cases of thalassaemia detected. It is estimated that 0.35 +/- 0.25% of subjects with thalassaemia escaped detection by this procedure.
Interleukin-8 Mediates Injury from Smoke Inhalation to both the Lung Endothelial and the Alveolar Epithelial Barriers in Rabbits
Authors: MARC LAFFON, JEAN-FRANÇOIS PITTET, KATHARINA MODELSKA, MICHAEL A. MATTHAY, DAVID M. YOUNG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Although prior studies have shown that smoke inhalation causes lung endothelial injury and formation of pulmonary edema, there is no information about the effect of smoke inhalation on the function of the alveolar epithelial barrier. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoke-induced lung injury on the alveolar epithelial barrier in a rabbit experimental model. The second objective was to investigate whether pretreatment with a monoclonal anti–interleukin (IL)-8 antibody prevented alveolar epithelial barrier injury after smoke inhalation. Anesthetized rabbits were tracheotomized and were insufflated with cooled smoke generated from burning cotton cloth (75 breaths). In some experiments, anti–IL-8 antibody or an irrelevant antibody (2 mg/ kg) was given intravenously 5 min before insufflation of cotton smoke. Smoke inhalation caused a significant increase in the alveolar epithelial permeability to protein and a 40% reduction in the fluid transport capacity of the alveolar epithelium. Pretreatment with anti–IL-8 antibody, but not with an irrelevant-isotype antibody, significantly reduced the smoke-mediated increase in bidirectional transport of protein across the alveolar epithelium, and restored alveolar liquid clearance to a normal level. The results of the study show that smoke inhalation causes injury to both the alveolar epithelial barrier and the lung endothelium, and that IL-8 is an important mediator of this injury. Laffon M, Pittet J-F, Modelska K, Matthay MA, Young DM. Interleukin-8 mediates injury from smoke inhalation to both the lung endothelial and the alveolar epithelial barriers in rabbits.
BLACK HAIRY TONGUE
Authors: H. H. Gleave, S. Hallam
Journal: BMJ (1931)

A bscesses.-Subcutaneousabscesses have been described as concomitants of pneumonia.One case was encountered.From an abscess in the arm a type of pneumococcus was obtained similar to that isolated from the sputum.Two other and rarer kinds of abscesses were investigated.They were gluteal abscesses occurring at the site of injec- tion of quinine-urea, used in the routine treatment of pneumonia.A pneumococcus was isolated in both instances.Unfortunately, in one case it was not typed.In the other, however, a type was secured which tallied with that previously isolated from the sputum.Perhaps some mishap at the time of the injection had permitted the quinine to devitalize the tissues, and so allowed the blood-borne organisms to settle there.The abscess, in the case that was typed, gave rise to a pyrexia, which subsided on evacuation of the pus.SUMMARY 1.The pneumococcus most commonly found in the eye, nose, and accessory sinuses belongs to Group IV.2. In acute otitis media and mastoiditis, Type III strains and Group IV organisms were found in -about equal numbers.The type-specific strains showed a greater tendency to infect the meninges.3. Attention is drawn to the important part that the streptococcus plays in acute middle-ear and mastoid disease.Streptococcus pyogenes was found in the majority of cases.4. The most prevalent type of pneumococcus in cases of lobar pneumonia was found to be Type II.5. In cases of empyema due to pneumococci, Type I strain was present in a large percentage.
Association between Pregnancy Loss and Urinary Phthalate Levels around the Time of Conception
Authors: Gunnar Toft, Bo A.G. Jönsson, Christian H. Lindh, Tina Kold Jensen, Niels H. Hjollund, Anne Vested, Jens Peter Bonde
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Animal studies indicate that some phthalate metabolites may harm female reproductive function.Objectives: We assessed the associations between exposure to phthalate metabolites and pregnancy loss.Methods: Using a previously established cohort of couples planning their first pregnancy, we analyzed four primary and two oxidized secondary phthalate metabolites in urine samples collected on day 10 after the first day of the last menstrual period before conception occurred (n = 128) and during the previous cycle (if any, n = 111). Subclinical embryonal loss was identified by repeated measurement of urinary human chorionic gonadotropin, and information on clinical spontaneous abortions was obtained by telephone interview with the mother.Results: Pregnancy loss (n = 48) was increased among women with urinary concentration of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) in the upper tertile in the conception sample compared with women in the lowest tertile [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1, 7.6]. The corresponding OR for subclinical embryonal loss (n = 32) was 40.7 (95% CI: 4.5, 369.5).Conclusions: The phthalate metabolite MEHP was associated with higher occurrence of pregnancy loss. Because this is the first human study to show this association and the sample size is small, the findings need to be corroborated in independent studies.
A study of a Trampoline Exercise by synchronized cinephotography, intra-truncal barometry, electrocardiography and electromyography
Authors: R. Bevan, T. Corser, E. J. Hamley, G. Saunders, V. Thomas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1970)

This study was concerned with the abdominal and spinal activity during somersaulting and other exercises on the trampoline.During such exercises there are many interrelated factors which if analysed in a skilled performer can contribute to a new understanding of training methods.There are many difficulties in recording several biological parameters simultaneously during gymnastic activities but to achieve an accurate analysis of an exercise it is essential to synchronize the relevant parameters.The present study extends our earlier work, Bevan & Corser, 1969 and Corser and Thomas, 1970 by including intra- truncal barometry and electro-cardiography.These parameters permit a correlation of the exercise with important changes in intra-truncal pressure and the activity of the heart. METHODSThe records were of four types:(1) 16 mm.cinephotography was linked by a frame synchroniser to a signal marker on an eight channel pen-oscillograph.The camera was set up 5 metres from the performer to allow full coverage of the exercise.
The value of conducting periodic health checks
Authors: D. MacAuley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The value of the arts and humanities in becoming an “educated” pharmacist is reviewed in this commentary. The term “patient care literacy” is defined as becoming a more humane pharmacist. This implies not only using heads but HARTSS (humanities, arts and social sciences) for developing the necessary skills. A conceptual framework for curricular reform that focuses on using the arts and humanities is proposed for advancing patient care literacy. Methods for enhancing use of arts and humanities for developing pharmacy graduates is specifically proposed. The need for more empiric research to demonstrate the value of the arts and humanities in developing a patient care literate professional is highlighted.
Mentalistic metatheory and strategies
Authors: Donelson E. Dulany
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Mentalism (Dulany 1991; 1997) provides a metatheoretical alternative to the dominant cognitive view. This commentary briefly outlines its main propositions and what I see as strategies for its use and support at this stage. These propositions represent conscious states as the sole carriers of symbolic representations, and mental episodes as consisting exclusively of conscious states interrelated by nonconscious operations.
Sodium retention in cirrhotic rats is associated with increased renal abundance of sodium transporter proteins
Authors: Patricia Fernandez-Llama, Shana Ageloff, Guillermo Fernandez-Varo, Josefa Ros, Xiaoyan Wang, Nuria Garra, Cristina Esteva-Font, Jose Ballarin, Pere Barcelo, Vicente Arroyo, John B. Stokes, Mark A. Knepper, Wladimiro Jimenez
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Inhibition of Food Intake by Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase
Authors: C Bouchard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

According to a recent report from the World Health Organization, it can be estimated that worldwide about 250 million adults — 7 percent of the population — are obese, defined as having a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30.0 or more, and that at least 500 million adults are overweight, defined as having a body-mass index of 25.0 to 29.9. More than 50 percent of adults in the United States, Canada, and some other countries have a body-mass index of at least 25.0. During the past 150 years, the . . .
Fraud by Physicians Against Medicaid
Authors: Paul Jesilow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The inauguration of the Medicaid program in the mid 1960s ultimately led to the appearance of a wide range of new forms of illegal behavior by physicians. The fact that government authorities, instead of individual patients, were responsible for payments undoubtedly encouraged the large number of violations. A review of the background of sanctioned physicians shows an overrepresentation of psychiatrists and foreign medical graduates as well as minority-group physicians. Interviews with physicians sanctioned for Medicaid fraud and abuse indicated that they routinely placed the blame for their violations on the program, their employees, patients, or others. In particular, they find program guidelines confusing and irrational and insist that they intrude on what ought to be independent medical judgments. The enforcers, for their part, maintain that the convicted physicians are merely rationalizing self-serving and greedy behavior. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3318-3322)
Early suppression of basophil activation during allergen-specific immunotherapy by histamine receptor 2
Authors: Natalija Novak, Nihal Mete, Caroline Bussmann, Laura Maintz, Thomas Bieber, Mübeccel Akdis, Judith Zumkehr, Marek Jutel, Cezmi Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Clinical Evaluation of Losartan and Diltiazem on the Development of T-Wave Memory by Right Apical Ventricular Pacing
Authors: Pablo A. Chiale, Daniel Etcheverry, Julio D. Pastori, Hugo A. Garro, Pablo A. Fernández, Mario D. González, Marcelo V. Elizari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Absence of Echocardiographic Abnormalities of the Anterior Mitral Valve Leaflet in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: JAMES E. DAVIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Thirty-five consecutive patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis underwent echocardiography to evaluate the motion of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. Adequate echocardiograms were obtained in 31 patients. All 31 patients showed normal valve motion and a normal EF slope. If meticulous technique was not observed, a falsely low value for the EF slope was obtained and a normal slope was found when the method was improved. This study shows that echocardiographic abnormalities of the anterior mitral valve leaflet rarely, if ever, occur in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, provided that careful attention to recording method is observed.
The Relationship Between Juxtapapillary Diverticula and Biliary Calculi. An Endoscopic Study
Authors: S. van der Spuy
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

A systematic prospective endoscopic study of the incidence of juxtapapillary diverticula in a variety of digestive disorders was undertaken in the Surgical Clinic at the Provincial Hospital, Port Elizabeth. The findings were related to conditions commonly encountered. The following frequency distribution was found: 33 diverticula out of 164 patients associated with gallstones (20.1%); 15 out of 668 patients not associated with gallstones (2.2%); 1 out of 39 patients with pancreatitis (2.6%); and 3 out of 146 patients with gastric ulcer (2.1%). No diverticulum was noted in 111 patients with duodenal ulcer. These findings suggest that juxtapapillary diverticula are nearly 10 times more common in patients with gallstones than in patients without. There is evidence to suggest that these diverticula tend to precede the gallstones. It is conceivable that juxtapapillary diverticula may predispose to gallstones. Alternatively, both conditions may be manifestations of another underlying disorder as yet to be defined.