tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of CFH Y402H and LOC387715 A69S With Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Johanna M. Seddon, Peter J. Francis, Sarah George, Dennis W. Schultz, Bernard Rosner, Michael L. Klein
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Studies have reported that single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes CFH and LOC387715 are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).To assess whether these genetic variants have prognostic importance for progression to advanced AMD and related visual loss.Prospective analysis of 1466 white participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), a US multicenter clinical trial conducted from 1990 to 2001 with a mean follow-up time of 6.3 years. Age-related macular degeneration status was determined by grading of fundus photographs. Progression (n = 281) was defined as newly diagnosed advanced AMD (geographic atrophy, exudative disease, or AMD causing visual loss) in one or both eyes during the course of the study. Genotypic analysis was conducted in 2006.Incidence rates of dry and neovascular advanced AMD.The CFH Y402H and LOC387115 A69S polymorphisms were each independently related to progression from early or intermediate stages to advanced stages of AMD, controlling for demographic factors, smoking, body mass index, and AREDS vitamin-mineral treatment assignment, with odds ratios (ORs) of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.9) for CFH and 4.1 (95% CI, 2.7-6.3) for LOC387715 for the homozygous risk genotypes (P<.001 for trend for each additional risk allele for both genes). The effect of LOC387715 was stronger for progression to neovascular disease (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.3-11.2) compared with geographic atrophy (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4-6.5) relative to no progression for the homozygous risk state. The presence of all adverse factors (both risk genotypes, smoking, and body mass index > or =25) increased risk 19-fold. Smoking and high body mass index increased odds of progression within each risk genotype. Genetic plus nongenetic risk scores provided an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of up to 0.78.Common polymorphisms in the genes CFH and LOC387715 are independently related to AMD progression after adjustment for other known AMD risk factors. Presence of these polymorphisms plus smoking [corrected] and body mass index of 25 or higher, controlling for AREDS vitamin-mineral treatment, identifies [corrected] patients who are highly susceptible to developing advanced states [corrected] of this visually disabling disease.
Photoangioplasty with local motexafin lutetium delivery reduces macrophages in a rabbit post-balloon injury model
Authors: M Hayase
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Motexafin lutetium (Lu-Tex, Antrin® Injection) is a photosensitizer that selectively accumulates in atheromatous plaque where it can be activated by far-red light. The localization and retention of intra-arterially administered Lu-Tex and its efficacy following activation by endovascularly delivered light (photoangioplasty) was evaluated. Methods: Bilateral iliac artery lesions were induced in 17 rabbits by balloon denudation, followed by a high cholesterol diet. Lu-Tex distribution within the atheroma was examined (n = 8) following local injection. Fluorescence spectral imaging and chemical extraction techniques were used to measure Lu-Tex levels within the atheroma and adjacent normal tissue. Photoactivation was performed 15 min following Lu-Tex administration (180 J/cm fiber at 200 mW/cm fiber). Two weeks post photoangioplasty, vessels were harvested and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and RAM11 (macrophages) staining was performed. Results: Local delivery of Lu-Tex achieved immediate high concentrations within plaque (mean 40× control iliac atheroma). Mean percent plaque area in the treated segments was significantly lower than in the non-treated contralateral lesions (73 vs. 82%, P<0.01). No medial damage was observed. Quantitative analysis using RAM11 positive cells revealed significant reduction of macrophages in treated lesions in both the intima (5 vs. 22%, P<0.01) and in media (8 vs. 23%, P<0.01) compared to untreated contralateral segments. Conclusions: Local delivery provides high levels of Lu-Tex selectively within atheroma. Photoactivation results in a significant decrease in macrophage and a small decrease in atheroma burden without damage to the normal vessel wall.
Tricuspid Valve Replacement for Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Kenneth S. Korr, Harold Levinson, Edward W. Bough, Mihai Gheorghiade, Jacob Stone, M. Terry McEnany, Richard S. Shulman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A 66-year-old man had an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction complicated by hypotension, high-grade atrioventricular block, and distended neck veins, suggesting associated right ventricular infarction. He failed to respond to volume loading, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, and pharmacologic afterload reduction. Cardiac catheterization five days after the infarction disclosed severe tricuspid regurgitation and a hemodynamic pattern resembling pericardial constriction. Emergency tricuspid valve replacement was dramatically successful.
Public health staff need to prepare for the “unexpected,” conference is told
Authors: Claire Laurent
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Doctors and other professionals working in the field of public health need to prepare “for the unimaginable and unexpected” and work with greater flexibility if they are going to provide a service that is fit for the future, delegates at the UK Health Protection Agency's annual conference in Warwick this week were told.

Stephen Palmer, director of local and regional services at the agency, said that in the future work to protect public health would need to be undertaken within a paradigm of sustainable communities. This would require “integration across separate domains, so that we specialise not just in …
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease: Dietotherapy
Authors: Ogden C. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The second edition of this book contains the same three sections used in the original edition: (1) "Normal Nutrition"; (2) "Nutrition in Disease"; and (3) "Nutrition in Periods of Physiologic Stress." New material has been added, bringing the views presented in line with the research of the past five years. Two additional sections have been added: "Chemical and Other Additives to Foods" and "Nutrition in Relation to Atherosclerosis." Recent public concern on these subjects would appear to make their inclusion an important addition to a general reference on nutrition and health. Magnesium has been given increased space as a specific section along with calcium and phosphorus. This reflects the results of research and new evaluation of the data on this topic. As a general reference the book offers information on all of the topics important to the physician and nutritionist seeking basic facts. Through the references given, additional information can
Prevalence and Control of Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in New York City
Authors: Lorna E. Thorpe, Magdalena Berger, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, Ushma Uphadyay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Getaneh and Findley (1) raise an important issue in response to our article (2). Grouping diverse populations into broad race/ethnicity categories (Hispanic, black, white, Asian, etc.) can mask meaningful differences within groups for cardiovascular and other disease risks. We agree with Getaneh and Finley that where possible, differences in disease prevalence should be reported by race/ethnicity subgroup, and settings like New York City provide an excellent opportunity to examine subgroup differences.

For example, using data from New York City birth certificates, we published an earlier study on gestational diabetes mellites …
Drugs could still be costly under World Trade Organization deal
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A landmark deal that allows poor countries without any manufacturing capability of their own to waive international trade rules and import cheap copies of patented drugs is likey to be a complex procedure that may not reduce prices enough, experts say.

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Protesters demanding a better deal for developing countries run on the beach in Cancun, Mexico, with “We are winning” on their bodies

Credit: AP PHOTO/VICTOR RUIZ

UN secretary general Kofi Annan issued a statement to the World Trade Organization meeting in Cancun, Mexico, last week, after the deal was clinched in Geneva, saying that it was a “moral imperative” for each of the organisation's 146 member countries to implement …

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164. HSV-1 Vector-Based Assay To Identify Inhibitors of the Vanilloid Receptor
Authors: Rahul Srinivasan, Darren Wolfe, Shaohua Huang, David Krisky, Adrian Sculptoreanu, Peter A. Friedman, William C. de Groat, Joseph C. Glorioso
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
The transient receptor potential/vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1/ VR1) is a peripheral Ca+2 ion channel and an important sensor of pain. An understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing TRPV1 may therefore provide insights for controlling receptor expression or function to attenuate pain. In this study, we developed an HSV-1 vector- based assay that can be used to identify gene products specifically inhibiting TRPV1 function. We engineered a herpes simplex viral vector to express the rat TRPV1 receptor. Vector-expressed TRPV1 functionality was confirmed by immunostaining, Ca+2 influx assays and whole-cell electrophysiology. Ca+2 influx following TRPV1 activation by known agonists resulted in mitochondrial permeability transition and subsequently initiated an apoptotic cascade leading to cell death. Since cellular apoptosis occurred prior to completion of the virus replicative cycle, TRPV1 activation indirectly impaired HSV-1 vector replication, resulting in a fall of viral titers. An inclusion of known TRPV1 antagonists prevented calcium influx through TRPV1, consequently reversing this blockage and allowing vector replication to occur in the presence of TRPV1 agonists. This growth recovery of HSV-1 vectors following TRPV1 inactivation provides the basis for a selective vector replication-based assay to identify TRPV1 antagonists. Studies with mixed virus infections demonstrate the sensitivity of this system and allow the selection of 1 viral particle among 100,000 background virions. The HSV-1 vector-based selection assay described herein should provide a powerful approach for identifying novel gene products that regulate TRPV1 function from a cDNA library cloned into the TRPV1-expressing backbone HSV-1 vector. This approach also offers advantages of (i) efficient and flexible transgene expression in a variety of cell types and (ii) ease of adaptability to high throughput formats.
Legal Status of Marijuana
Authors: Newt Gingrich
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Medical Association's Council on Scientific Affairs should be commended for its report, "Marijuana: Its Health Hazards and Therapeutic Potential" (1981;246:1823). Not only does the report outline evidence of marijuana's potential harms, but it distinguishes this concern from the legitimate issue of marijuana's important medical benefits. All too often the hysteria that attends public debate over marijuana's social abuse compromises a clear appreciation for this critical distinction. Since 1978, 32 states have abandoned the federal prohibition to recognize legislatively marijuana's important medical properties. Federal law, however, continues to define marijuana as a drug "with no accepted medical use," and federal agencies continue to prohibit physician-patient access to marijuana. This outdated federal prohibition is corrupting the intent of the state laws and depriving thousands of glaucoma and cancer patients of the medical care promised them by their state legislatures. On Sept 16, 1981, Representative Stewart McKinney and
Simple Operation for the Overlapping Fifth Toe
Authors: S. Hulman
Journal: BMJ (1964)

ME JoURLCarcinoma of the bronchus has not been described as producing antibodies to other substances, and there is no evidence of this in the present case.The failure of serum taken after the tumour was irradiated to inhibit iron utilization suggests that the tumour was the site of production of the abnormal substance.The possible effect of storage on this serum cannot, however, be disregarded.The failure of the anaemia to recover after treatment may be due to the dose of radiation received. SummaryA case of carcinoma of the bronchus presenting with pure red-cell aplasia is described.A humoral factor was present in the patient's serum which inhibited iron utilization in rabbits.This factor disappeared after irradiation of the tumour, but recovery of the anaemia did not occur.
THE SPONTANEOUS HEALING OF RENAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: EDWARD L. KEYES
Journal: JAMA (1935)

From the time that Albarran popularized nephrectomy for the treatment of renal tuberculosis and Wildbolz proved the incontestable superiority of such surgery over the expectant or hygienic treatment of this disease, urologists have vainly sought a pathologic specimen of healed caseating renal tuberculosis without total destruction of the kidney. To the urologist the tuberculous kidney has behaved like a lymph node. Once it begins to break down it is physiologically lost.  Yet all the while there have been two hitches in the theoretical aspects of the case:   The pathologists, aware of the gallant enthusiasm that characterizes surgical theory and practice, have withheld their final judgment. To a pathologist everything is possible. Why not?  A few cases have been seen by the urologist, and many have been studied in tuberculosis sanatoriums, of what might be called tuberculous bacilluria. These did not seem to conform to the rule. Such bacilluria
Letter: Otitis media.
Authors: M Drury
Journal: BMJ (1976)

non-haemolytic neonatal jaundice.: Professor Friedman and Mr Sachtleben have not made it clear whether their experience has been similar in this respect.In addition, their practice clearly differs from British obstetrics in that 35%" of their infants were delivered by forceps, while only 7 4o were born after oxytocin induction.One result of this pattern is that statistical significance would be detected more easily in the case of instrumental delivery than oxytocin induction.Our own study4 in this field did not dis- criminate between cases in which oxytocin had been used to induce labour and those in which it had been administered to accelerate labour of spontaneous onset.This omission is rectified in the accompanying table.
Temporary Discontinuation of Warfarin Therapy: Changes in the International Normalized Ratio
Authors: Richard H. White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To measure the rate of decrease of the international normalized ratio (INR) after temporary discontinuation of warfarin therapy.Prospective evaluation of an outpatient cohort.University medical center anticoagulation clinic.22 patients receiving a fixed evening dose of warfarin for whom temporary discontinuation of therapy was deemed safe.Serial plasma samples were drawn for INR measurements approximately 20, 65, 115, and 185 hours after patients received the last dose of warfarin. In five patients, INR was measured twice daily for 5 days.For patients with a mean steady-state INR of 2.6, the mean INR 65 hours (2.7 days) after discontinuation of warfarin therapy was 1.6 (range, 1.11 to 2.16); 20 of 22 patients (91%) had an INR greater than 1.2. The mean INR 115 hours (4.7 days) after discontinuation of warfarin therapy was 1.1; 5 of 22 patients (23%) had an INR of 1.2 or greater. In 5 patients studied in detail, the INR decreased exponentially and had a half-life that ranged from 0.52 to 1.2 days; the onset of maximal decrease began 24 to 36 hours after discontinuation of warfarin therapy. In the total cohort, age was a significant (P < 0.005) independent predictor of smaller decreases in the INR between day 1 and day 3 (regression coefficient = -6.8% +/- 2%/2 days per decade of age; R2 = 0.34).By simulating preoperative discontinuation of warfarin therapy, we found that the INR decreases exponentially, with wide interpatient variation in the rate of decrease. Age is associated with a slower rate of decrease. To be certain that the INR at the time of the surgery is less than 1.2, warfarin should be withheld for 96 to 115 hours (4 doses) in patients with a steady-state INR between 2.0 and 3.0. For patients with a higher steady-state INR, a longer wait is necessary.
Immunological Pregnancy Tests
Authors: B. M. Hobson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

of an industrial medical service, as is already the case at Slough and Harlow.More concentration of accident cases in designated units will, in the absence of peripheral casualty services, result in these units being swamped with trivial conditions to an even greater extent than is the case with the casualty departments, and the day of treating these patients effectively, economically, and with the minimum loss of time-both at the time of the accident and during the all-important period of aftercare-will be further away than ever.-Iam, etc., Birmingham 20.
Agranulocytosis after Penicillamine and Antazoline
Authors: S. Selander, K. Cramer
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Agranulocytosis after Penicillamine and AntazolineSIR,-Penicillamine is an amino-acid, /31-dimethyl cysteine, which is obtained when penicillin is hydrolysed.It has chelating properties owing to the presence of an SH- group and is used therapeutically primarily in cases of Wilson's disease' 2 and lead poison- ing.`The most common side-effects are
FOREIGN BODIES IN THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT IN ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: W. C. Allardice
Journal: BMJ (1922)

PNEUMOTHORAX IN A BOY. IMADIALJOvINA 473 occasional mild attacks of abdominal pain and(ldistfnsion, some-_ timees accompaniied lby diarrhoea.Occasiotial cough had been noticed, but no dyspnoea or spbutum.He gave me the imnpression of being. of an unusually excitable lisposition.His chest and arms were tliin, but he was uot much iiid(ler weight for his age.It was noticed th tt the venous network -was nncs-ally apparent under the skin of both temporal,-upper fronital, left cer ic-il, and anterior thdracic regions.'lhe abdonmen was slightly distended, buit no definite thickening, dtllizess, or tenderness coulld be made out.'Two small glands were to be felt il-the le't anterior triangle of the neck and one in the right.Both tonsils were moderately enlar"ed-Paraver'ebral areas of comn-
Corticosteroids for Pseudomembranous Colitis-Reply
Authors: Eugene J. Burbige
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Although the use of corticosteroids in the treatment of severe antibiotic-associated colitis is well documented (47% of case reports),1 its effectiveness has never been proved by careful study. The use of steroids, as in many other instances, has been empirical. Despite their use, several patients have required surgery or died.<sup>1-5</sup> In an illness in which the cause is unknown, our report was not meant to discourage the use of any therapy that might be helpful. Because of their anti-inflammatory properties, the use of corticosteroids in severely ill patients has always been justified for inflammatory conditions of the colon. However, it is our hope that cholestyramine resin will prove useful, give us a better understanding of this disorder, and obviate the need for steroids.
Identification of Lynch Syndrome Among Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Leticia Moreira, Francesc Balaguer, Noralane Lindor, Albert de la Chapelle, Heather Hampel, Lauri A. Aaltonen, John L. Hopper, Loic Le Marchand, Steven Gallinger, Polly A. Newcomb, Robert Haile, Stephen N. Thibodeau, Shanaka Gunawardena, Mark A. Jenkins, Daniel D. Buchanan, John D. Potter, John A. Baron, Dennis J. Ahnen, Victor Moreno, Montserrat Andreu, Maurizio Ponz de Leon, Anil K. Rustgi, Antoni Castells, for the EPICOLON Consortium
Journal: JAMA (2012)

OLORECTAL CANCER (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. 1 Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the most common form of hereditary CRC, accounting for 1% to 3% of all these tumors.It is an autosomaldominant disorder caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (ie, MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2).
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. An approach to branched and staghorn renal calculi
Authors: Ralph V. Clayman, Vilanur Surya, Robert P. Miller, Wilfrido R. Castaneda-Zuniga, Kurt Amplatz, Paul H. Lange
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Using electrohydraulic lithotripsy, we removed branched or staghorn calculi from four patients via a percutaneous nephrostomy tract with local anesthesia. There were no serious complications, and the patients were able to resume their preadmission activities immediately after discharge from the hospital. Our experience suggests that, eventually, all upper urinary tract calculi may be treatable by a percutaneous approach.
Chronic Human Glaucoma Causing Selectively Greater Loss of Large Optic Nerve Fibers
Authors: Harry A. Quigley, Gregory R. Dunkelberger, W. Richard Green
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)

Eighteen eyes of 12 persons with chronically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied histologically to determine the number and diameter of optic nerve fibers. In some eyes, automated perimetry had been performed. Optic nerve fibers larger than the mean diameter were killed more rapidly than smaller fibers, although no fiber size was completely spared at any stage of atrophy. The number of optic nerve fibers varies considerably among normal eyes. The authors confirmed that the death of a substantial proportion of optic nerve fibers precedes detectable visual field loss.