tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trimethoprim and Folinic Acid
Authors: Betty J. Kinzie, Jerry W. Taylor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Trimethoprim and Folinic AcidBETTY J. KINZIE, PHARM.D., JERRY W. TAYLOR, PHARM.D.BETTY J. KINZIE, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this author, JERRY W. TAYLOR, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-565_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has been used in the United States since 1973 for treatment of infectious diseases. At usual doses of 5 to 8 mg/kg body weight d of trimethoprim, hematologic side effects of this drug combination have been rare. Recently, however, two reports on the use of high-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (20 mg/kg d trimethoprim) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome andPneumocystis cariniipneumonia have noted high frequencies of hematologic side effects. Gordin and colleagues (1) and Kovacs and colleagues (2) have reported leukopenia in 13 of 35 patients and 14 of 30 patients, respectively, and thrombocytopenia in...References1. GORDINSIMONWOFSYMILLS FGCJ. Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:495-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KOVACSHIEMENZMACHER JJA. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:663-71. LinkGoogle Scholar3. WORMSERKEUSCH GG. Trimethoprim-sulfamethazole in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:420-9. LinkGoogle Scholar4. JEWKESEDWARDSGRANT RMB. Haematological changes in a patient on long-term treatment with a trimethoprim-sulphonamide combination. Postgrad Med J 1970;46:723-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MAGEEO'SULLIVANMCCANN FHS. Megaloblastosis and low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:657. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySafety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactationAnti-infective agentsSulphonamides: updates on use in veterinary medicineIron Deficiency and Megaloblastic AnemiasChemoprophylaxis with Oral Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole In Otitis Media8 The treatment of HIV diseaseTreatment of central nervous system toxoplasmosis with pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine combination in 35 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndromeTrimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole and Folinic AcidCHRISTOPHER STOCK, B.A.Leukopenia, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, and Folinic AcidHARRY HOLLANDER, M.D. 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4Page: 565-565KeywordsAIDSAdverse reactionsBody weightInfectious diseasesPneumocystis carinii pneumonia Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pulmonary Cryptosporidiosis in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Eileen M. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1984)

THE ACQUIRED immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been described in several groups of patients, including male homosexuals, Haitians, intravenous (IV) drug users, hemophiliacs, and the female sexual partners of homosexual males. Among the most striking features of this illness are a decrease in the helper-to-suppressor T-cell ratio and a susceptibility to a variety of unusual opportunistic infections.<sup>1</sup>These include<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, mucosal candidiasis, cutaneous herpes simplex,<i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i>infections, and cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidia can produce a chronic diarrheal syndrome with severe malnutrition in immunosuppressed patients<sup>2</sup>but has not previously been described as a pulmonary pathogen. We present a case in which cryptosporidia were identified in a lung biopsy specimen of a patient with AIDS. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 32-year-old black native American bisexual man was in good health until four months before admission, when candidal pharyngitis was diagnosed and successfully treated with ketoconazole. Two
Lack of Association between the Glu298Asp Polymorphism of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Slow Coronary Flow
Authors: Habil Yücel, Abdullah Doğan, Yasin Türker, Atilla İçli, Salaheddin Akçay, İbrahim Ersoy, Fatih Aksoy, Recep Sütçü
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tubular Diskectomy vs Conventional Microdiskectomy for Sciatica&lt;subtitle&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/subtitle&gt;
Authors: Mark P. Arts
Journal: JAMA (2009)

<h3>Context</h3>Conventional microdiskectomy is the most frequently performed surgery for patients with sciatica due to lumbar disk herniation. Transmuscular tubular diskectomy has been introduced to increase the rate of recovery, although evidence is lacking of its efficacy.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine outcomes and time to recovery in patients treated with tubular diskectomy compared with conventional microdiskectomy.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>The Sciatica Micro-Endoscopic Diskectomy randomized controlled trial was conducted among 328 patients aged 18 to 70 years who had persistent leg pain (&gt;8 weeks) due to lumbar disk herniations at 7 general hospitals in the Netherlands from January 2005 to October 2006. Patients and observers were blinded during the follow-up, which ended 1 year after final enrollment.<h3>Interventions</h3>Tubular diskectomy (n = 167) vs conventional microdiskectomy (n = 161).<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>The primary outcome was functional assessment on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) for sciatica (score range: 0-23, with higher scores indicating worse functional status) at 8 weeks and 1 year after randomization. Secondary outcomes were scores on the visual analog scale for leg pain and back pain (score range: 0-100 mm) and patient's self-report of recovery (measured on a Likert 7-point scale).<h3>Results</h3>Based on intention-to-treat analysis, the mean RDQ score during the first year after surgery was 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6 to 6.8) for tubular diskectomy and 5.4 (95% CI, 4.6 to 6.2) for conventional microdiskectomy (between-group mean difference, 0.8; 95% CI, −0.2 to 1.7). At 8 weeks after surgery, the RDQ mean (SE) score was 5.8 (0.4) for tubular diskectomy and 4.9 (0.5) for conventional microdiskectomy (between-group mean difference, 0.8; 95% CI, −0.4 to 2.1). At 1 year, the RDQ mean (SE) score was 4.7 (0.5) for tubular diskectomy and 3.4 (0.5) for conventional microdiskectomy (between-group mean difference, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.03 to 2.6) in favor of conventional microdiskectomy. On the visual analog scale, the 1-year between-group mean difference in improvement was 4.2 mm (95% CI, 0.9 to 7.5 mm) for leg pain and 3.5 mm (95% CI, 0.1 to 6.9 mm) for back pain in favor of conventional microdiskectomy. At 1 year, 107 of 156 patients (69%) assigned to tubular diskectomy reported a good recovery vs 120 of 151 patients (79%) assigned to conventional microdiskectomy (odds ratio, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.99]; P = .05).<h3>Conclusions</h3>Use of tubular diskectomy compared with conventional microdiskectomy did not result in a statistically significant improvement in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire score. Tubular diskectomy resulted in less favorable results for patient self-reported leg pain, back pain, and recovery.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN51857546
The Proteasome — An Emerging Therapeutic Target in Cancer
Authors: Beverly S. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

This is an exciting time for cancer therapeutics. The identification of promising molecular targets has led to the development of many exciting new drugs for which an antitumor mechanism of action has been clearly delineated. Given the recent major advances in our understanding of the biology of cancer cells, one might surmise that an era of truly rational therapeutics has arrived. Nevertheless, we continue to find new therapeutic agents that target unforeseen molecular pathways.The report by Richardson et al. in this issue of the Journal (pages 2609–2617) brings to the fore a relatively new and unexpected target, the 26S . . .
Novel Gene Switches for Targeted and Timed Expression of Proteins of Interest
Authors: Nuria Vilaboa, Mary Fenna, John Munson, Stephen M. Roberts, Richard Voellmy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

This article reports on the construction and analysis in vitro and in vivo of novel gene switches that can be used to achieve spatial as well as temporal control over the expression of a transgene of interest. The switches are expected to be functional in virtually any tissue and cell type. They consist of (a) a foreign or modified transactivator expressed under the dual control of a promoter or promoter cassette that is responsive to heat and the transactivator and (b) a promoter responsive to the transactivator for controlling the transgene of interest. A preferred gene switch of this type incorporated a mifepristone-dependent transactivator. This gene switch could be activated by a transient heat treatment in the presence of mifepristone. Activity increased with the intensity of the activating heat treatment and was found to persist for more than 6 days. The gene switch was essentially inactive prior to an activating heat treatment, in the absence or presence of mifepristone. Activated gene switch could be silenced by removal/withdrawal of mifepristone.
Abstract P2-06-14: Utilizing Human Breast Tissue and Blood to Discern Novel Protective Properties of Early Pregnancy in Reducing Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: CM Gutierrez, DJ Mills, S Love, R. Lakshmanaswamy
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, is very high in Western Countries and is increasing rapidly in the Third World. Yet, despite better screening, earlier diagnosis, and the development of new therapies, a cure for metastatic breast cancers remains an elusive goal. Since it is difficult to defeat breast cancer after it has occurred, finding new strategies to delay or prevent the development of breast cancer has been an important area for clinical and experimental investigations. Multinational studies have suggested that women who undergo a full-term pregnancy before the age of 20, with or without lactation, have about one half the risk of developing breast cancer compared to women who undergo their first pregnancy after the age of 35 or women who have never undergone a full term pregnancy. Thus, pregnancy at an early age protects against breast cancer development. This universal protective effect of pregnancy serves as a major clue and starting point in the search for new experimental strategies and novel biomarkers related to the prevention of breast cancer. Methods: Women were recruited who had never been diagnosed with breast cancer and fit in one of the following categories; 1) had their first child ≥25 years of age, 2) had their first child ≥35 years of age, and 3) a control group of women the same age as those in groups 1 and 2 but who have never given birth were recruited and provided a sample of breast tissue and blood simultaneously. These groups were categorized as early parous, late parous, or nulliparous and their RNA was isolated from tissue and whole blood. Human whole genome microarray analysis (Agilent) was performed to identify the genes that were persistently altered in expression due to early pregnancy. Results: The study of molecular alterations in breast cancer genes has succeeded in identifying some genetic mechanism of breast cancer development. We attempted to elucidate early pregnancy-related changes in genes in breast tissue and blood associated with resistance to breast cancer. Over 2200 genes were up-regulated 2 folds or more in the blood and breast of early parous women than late parous and nulliparous women. Approximately 5000 genes were down-regulated 2 folds or more in the blood and breast of early parous women compared to late parous and nulliparous women. Conclusion: These studies focused on the analysis of human breast tissue and blood to gain a deeper understanding of changes in parity associated with the protective effect of early pregnancy in women. From these altered gene expressions we have identified a gene signature for early parity. The persistently altered genes will be used as novel biomarkers to predict breast cancer risk and develop strategies to protect the breast from cancer development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-06-14.
The value of reverse banding in detecting bone marrow chromosomal abnormalities: Translocation between chromosomes 1, 9, and 22 in a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Authors: Ram S. Verma, Harvey Dosik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract A case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with complex chromosomal abnormalities is reported. Conventional staining techniques indicated incorrectly that the Ph 1 chromosome was not present. These studies showed a 46, XY,‐1,+C karyotype in all bone marrow cells. Employing RFA (R bands by fluorescence using acridine orange) technique it was clear that the part of the long arm of chromosome 1 (lq23→qter) was missing and the tip of the long arm chromosome 22 (band q22) was translocated to it. The missing long arm of chromosome 1 was translocated to the long arm of chromosome 9. Furthermore, there was a break at band 9q22 and the whole terminal part was lost. The value of RFA technique is discussed.
Observations on UNSUCCESSFUL FORCEPS CASES: CAUSATION, MANAGEMENT, AND END-RESULTS
Authors: D. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1928)

THE anxiety which-11l follomws the unsu;'cessful application of forceps, the difficult!" of determining how best to effect' delivery whether tlhe patient is kept in hier own hdme or tr-anisferred toc-hospital, and the'frequeney with which life is lost or1 serious disability incurred combine to invest the unsuccessful forceps case " with special im portanoe and make it a subject peculiarly suitable for discussion at a meeting of this kin(l.The coaitmibution which I would make is based on the stuidy of 558 cases.I am indebted to Professrr Fletcher Shaw for-placing at my disposal the records of .281patients deliver ed in Manchester, anid to Professor Ilend-Y of Glasgono for the details of a further 125 cases.The.remainiing 152 p)atient § were delivered in the PjalfiburFgh Royal Maternity Hospital.
Sn-protoporphyrin rapidly and markedly enhances the heme saturation of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase. Evidence that this synthetic metalloporphyrin increases the functional content of heme in the liver.
Authors: A Kappas, G S Drummond, M K Sardana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Sn-protoporphyrin is a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation to bile pigment, and has been successfully utilized to suppress hyperbilirubinemia in a variety of experimental and naturally occurring forms of jaundice in animals and man. The compound is presumed to act in vivo primarily by inhibiting heme oxidation; thus it would be reasonable to expect that preservation of some functional moiety of cellular heme from degradation by heme oxygenase would occur after Sn-protoporphyrin administration. We have examined this question in liver by studying the heme saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase, the heme-dependent enzyme which controls the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of L-tryptophan. Sn-protoporphyrin, in doses (10 mumol/kg body wt) which entirely suppress neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the experimental animal, leads to a very rapid (approximately 30-60 min) increase in the heme saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase from normal levels of approximately 50-60% to nearly 100%. The effect peaks at 1-2 h and lasts for at least 12 h. Sn-protoporphyrin is also able to block the rapid and marked decline in heme saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase elicited by inorganic cobalt, a potent inducer of heme oxygenase in liver. These findings establish clearly that after the administration of Sn-protoporphyrin in the whole animal, a functionally active heme pool, the one related to tryptophan pyrrolase, is rapidly increased in liver, confirming that the metalloporphyrin inhibits the degradation of endogenous heme by heme oxygenase.
126 A PHASE-2B TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY AND EFFICACY OF A CASPASE INHIBITOR GS-9450, IN ADULTS FAILING PEG/RBV THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: M. Manns, M. Palmer, R. Flisiak, E. DeJesus, L. Hazan, W. Liang, D. Oldach, J. McHutchison, K. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Multimodal Therapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Mark R. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Adjuvant chemotherapy given after elimination of all macroscopic disease by surgery is now standard therapy for patients with selected solid tumors, such as node-positive colon cancer and breast cancer. Durable local control is usually achieved with primary treatment (surgery with or without radiation therapy) and may be augmented by systemic adjuvant therapy. However, the main target of the chemotherapy is imperceptible metastatic disease that is unaffected by the potentially curative local and regional treatment. Numerous randomized trials have confirmed the benefits of this approach as measured by disease-free and overall survival, and it has become an important component of oncologic . . .
Relationship between the content of lysyl oxidase-dependent cross-links in skin collagen, nonenzymatic glycosylation, and long-term complications in type I diabetes mellitus.
Authors: B Buckingham, K M Reiser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Many abnormalities in collagen have been reported in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, some or all of which have been attributed to increased cross-linking. Although recent work has focused on the role of glucose-derived collagen cross-links in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, relatively few studies have investigated the role of lysyl oxidase-dependent (LOX) cross-links. In the present study, LOX cross-links and nonenzymatic glycosylation were quantified in skin collagen from diabetic subjects. There was an increase in the difunctional cross-link dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) as well as in one of its trifunctional maturation products, hydroxypyridinium. All other LOX crosslinks were normal. Nonenzymatic glycosylation was increased in diabetic skin collagen, and this increase was correlated with increases in DHLNL (P less than 0.001). The biochemical results were examined for correlations with clinical data from the same subjects. Increases in DHLNL content were associated with duration of diabetes (P less than 0.003), glycohemoglobin levels (P less than 0.001), hand contractures (P less than 0.05), skin changes (P less than 0.005), and microalbuminuria (P less than 0.01). In nondiabetic subjects age was not correlated with collagen cross-link content with the exception that his-HLNL increased with age (r = 0.79, P less than 0.02). In diabetic subjects, PA levels decreased with age (r = 0.51, P less than 0.02). With increased duration of diabetes, DHLNL content was increased (r = 0.55, P less than 0.003) and OHP was increased (r = 0.59, P less than 0.01), whereas PA levels were decreased (r = -0.48, P less than 0.04). Nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen was also increased with increased duration of diabetes (hex-lys, r = 0.47, P less than 0.02; hex-hyl, r = 0.39, P less than 0.05). We conclude that: (a) lysyl oxidase-dependent cross-linking is increased in skin collagen in diabetes and (b) that these changes in skin collagen are correlated with duration of diabetes, glycemic control, and long-term complications.
THE ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIP OF THE VIRUSES OF MENINGOPNEUMONITIS AND LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
Authors: Monroe D. Eaton, Walter P. Martin, M. Dorthy Beck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Animals recovered from infection with the viruses of lymphogranuloma venereum, meningopneumonitis, and psittacosis, were reinoculated in crossimmunity tests with these viruses. In mice immunized by intracerebral or intranasal inoculation a reciprocal partial cross-immunity between the viruses of lymphogranuloma venereum and meningopneumonitis was demonstrated. In preliminary experiments, similar cross-immunity between the agents of lymphogranuloma venereum and psittacosis was not definitely demonstrated. Hamsters, white rats, and kangaroo rats recovered from intracerebral or intranasal infection with the virus of lymphogranuloma venereum were more resistant than normal controls to inoculation with the virus of meningopneumonitis. Sera of animals immunized with the viruses of lymphogranuloma venereum and meningopneumonitis showed cross-reactions by complement fixation with antigens of these viruses. The results indicate an antigenic relationship between the viruses of lymphogranuloma venereum and meningopneumonitis.
Growth Hormone (GH) Insensitivity Due to Primary GH Receptor Deficiency
Authors: RON G. ROSENFELD, ARLAN L. ROSENBLOOM, JAIME GUEVARA-AGUIRRE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

THE clinical phenotype of GH deficiency (GHD), but with elevated serum levels of GH, was originally described by Laron et al. (1) in 1966. Recognition that this syndrome was the consequence of GHI due to an abnormality of the GH receptor (GHR) evolved from studies pursued over the subsequent 25 yr (Table 1). Laron syndrome represents the primary hereditary form of GHI, but only part of the spectrum of GHI. A recent consensus document has proposed a classification for the various syndromes of GHI (see Table 2) (34). This review will focus on the clinical, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of GHR deficiency1 (GHRD) as the prototype of GHI. This condition, although rare, with only about 200 affected individuals worldwide, has been the subject of intense study over the last 5 yr, providing insights into the molecular, physiological, and clinical aspects of growth. The ability to document the effects of administered insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) synthesized by recombinant DNA techniques has made study of GHRD exceptionally rewarding.