tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The family history of uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus: an epidemiological study based on 270 probands.
Authors: J Lorber
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A longitudinal study was carried out on the family history of 270 babies with uncomplicated congenital hydrocephalus. They had 453 siblings of whom five (11.1/1000) had congenital hydrocephalus and nine (19.9/1000) neural tube defects. These data, together with those obtained from previously published reports indicate that the aetiology of the two conditions is probably the same in many cases, although there are unusual exceptions in special families even apart from those with the sex linked, recessively inherited hydrocephalus.
First Steps in General Practice
Authors: C. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Derek Gallen, Warwick Coulson, Glynis Buckle Blackwell Scientific, £9.95, pp 160 ISBN 0-632-03872-1

Just as passing the driving test is a passport to learning how to really drive (as opposed to satisfying the examiner), the end point of vocational training is the start of a series of complex and stressful “learning experiences” for which most intending principals are ill equipped. Course organisers and trainers are placing increasing emphasis on practice management but know that the very mention of the words causes even the most dynamic trainee to …
Primary Care and the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Attempting to estimate a book's scope by its title can be as fruitless as judging the depth of a well by the length of the handle on the pump. Such is the case for<i>Primary Care and the Practice of Medicine</i>. John Noble, director of Primary Care at a university hospital, and contributing authors from various disciplines have assembled a text that far transcends the limitations of its title. For example, chapter 1 ("Concepts of Health and Illness") as well as others that follow hold interest for teachers and students of preventive (social) medicine. Chapter 2 ("Criteria by Which Patients Assess the Outcome of Care") convinces the reader that the book applies to all physicians, and further reading reinforces the conviction. Finally, as might be expected, for undergraduate and graduate students and their mentors who are devoting themselves to primary care specialties, particularly family practice, Noble and his colleagues have
INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF AEROSOLOLOGY
Authors: Samuel J. Prigal
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would appreciate the publication of this letter, calling the attention of physicians who are particularly interested in aerosol therapy to a brief review of the meetings on aerosol therapy held in Turin, Italy, on June 1 and 2, 1951, which appeared in the News and Notes section of<i>Science</i>(Prigal, S. J.: Italian Congress on Aerosol Therapy)<b>114</b>:561 (Nov. 23) 1951. At the conclusion of these meetings it was decided to organize an International Society of Aerosolology, and I was elected to represent the United States. I invite correspondence from physicians, physicists, and others who are interested in this new field, in order to judge whether there is sufficient interest for the formation of an American branch of this society.
Laboratory Tests in the Diagnosis of Hyperparathyroidism in Hypercalcemic Patients
Authors: CHARLES A. STROTT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The results of tests of serum phosphate concentration or urine calcium or phosphate excretion, either under controlled conditions or after infusion of calcium or phosphate, were examined for their value in diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism. The results of these tests were compared in hypercalcemic patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, normal subjects, patients with renal stones, and patients with hypercalcemia caused by nonparathyroid tumors. Published data and our own experience demonstrate that these tests are all insensitive and nonspecific for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients with hypercalcemia should be examined for all possible causes of hypercalcemia, and when none can be identified a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered. Unfortunately, none of the tests we have discussed will confirm the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. The most difficult cases to identify are those of hypercalcemia caused by primary hyperparathyroidism and nonparathyroid malignant neoplasms without demonstrable bony metastases. In the latter patients the clinical and laboratory findings may be indistinguishable from those of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In hypercalcemic patients in whom primary hyperparathyroidism is suspected the decisions of whether to perform a parathyroid exploration should be based primarily on the signs, symptoms, and prognosis of the particular patient rather than on the results of any of the tests analyzed in this report.
TOPICAL CORTIOSTKROIDS—AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE VASOCONSTRICTOR TEST AS AN INDKX OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
Authors: JOHN REID, D. B. BROOKES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. —A tripartite investigation is reported in which the vasoconstrictor properties of triamcinolone, fluocinolone and hydrocortisone ointments were compared with their clinical effectiveness in the treatment of eczema. Dimethylacetamide (D.M.A.) was chosen as the universal base, after its use had been shown experimentally to be associated with more vasoconstriction than other bases tested In particular, the vasoconstrictor activity of hydrocortisone in D.M.A. approached that of triamcinolone and fluocinolone. In the clinical trial it was shown that in the concentrations used fluocinolone was slightly more effective than hydrocortisone, but many “equal results” were obtained and this has been attributed to the use of a highly efficient base. The results of the clinical trial suggest that the vasoconstrictor test is a useful measure of anti‐inflammatory activity. It is suggested that more effective use could be made of certain topical steroids by using better bases.
Molecular basis of glutathione reductase deficiency in human blood cells
Authors: Nanne M. Kamerbeek, Rob van Zwieten, Martin de Boer, Gert Morren, Herma Vuil, Natalja Bannink, Carsten Lincke, Koert M. Dolman, Katja Becker, R. Heiner Schirmer, Stephan Gromer, Dirk Roos
Journal: Blood (2006)
Reverse Remodeling of Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy in Hypertension and Failure by Targeting of the Renin-Angiotensin System
Authors: Tetsutaro Tamura, Suleman Said, Jennifer Harris, Wenyan Lu, A. Martin Gerdes
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 ) receptor blockers are effective in reducing left ventricular mass in hypertension and heart failure. However, the ability of these drugs to reverse excessive myocyte lengthening and transverse growth in heart failure is unknown. Methods and Results — l -158,809 (an AT 1 blocker; AT 1 ), enalapril (an ACEI), and hydralazine (a vasodilator) were administered to spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats between 6 and 10 months of age (early treatment) and between 18 and 22 months of age (late treatment). After 4 months of treatment, hemodynamics and chamber dimensions were collected before left ventricular myocyte isolation and subsequent analysis of myocyte shape. Each drug reduced systolic blood pressures to normal values. In the early and late studies, the ACEI reduced myocyte volume. Myocyte length was also reduced in the late study. However, the AT 1 was most effective in reversing myocyte dimensions to near-normal values in both studies. Hydralazine was ineffective in reducing cell size but arrested progression of myocyte lengthening in the late study. Changes in myocyte shape reflected alterations in chamber dimensions and wall thickness. Conclusions —Reversal of myocyte hypertrophy was produced in hypertensive/heart failure rats with an AT 1 . The ACEI was effective but to a lesser extent. Results indicate that it is possible to significantly reverse myocyte remodeling pharmacologically even if therapy is initiated near the onset of failure. Further work is needed to determine whether similar results can be obtained in humans.
Langner's Psychiatric Impairment Scale: A Short Screening Device
Authors: RICHARD I. SHADER, MICHAEL H. EBERT, JEROLD S. HARMATZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors report the experience of themselves and others with the Langner Scale, a 22-item self-rated nzeasure of psychiatric impairment. Noting that there are high correlations between this scale and other psychometric tests that measure aspects of psychopathology, they conclude that it is a useful instrument in clinical assessment.
Neurology Texts for Internists
Authors: Jock Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine15 September 1995Neurology Texts for InternistsJock Murray, MDJock Murray, MDFrom Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Like any field of medicine, neurology has had a plethora of textbooks. Some have passed quietly into oblivion; others have been strong and influential through many editions and under many editors. There has always been the favorite, popular, “classic” text that rose above the others. Often, this was because a leading clinician-teacher had put the same personal stamp on his book that he put on his ward rounds. You could see him waving his finger from the pages, admonishing here and slapping a wrist there as he revealed his experience and wisdom. Before the turn of the century, there was ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, CanadaCorresponding Author: Jock Murray, MD, Dalhousie University, 5849 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4H7, Canada. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThomas John (Jock) Murray, OC, MD, FRCP(C), MACP, LLD(Hon), DSC(Hon), FRCP(Lon): A Conversation with the Editor 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6Page: 477-479KeywordsBrainEpidemiologyHistory of medicineInformation storage and retrievalMedical conditionsMedical educationMigraineNervous systemNeurologyTraditional medicine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE INFLUENCE OF GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY ON GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS
Authors: A. A. BERG
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is generally conceded that gastro-enterostomy exercises a favorable influence on open ulcers of the stomach situated in the antrum or at the pylorus, and on open ulcers of the duodenum. By this is meant that it establishes conditions favorable to the healing of ulcers which have resisted all other known forms of internal treatment, It is likewise recognized that this procedure has no effect on ulcers situated in parts of the stomach other than those just mentioned. It is furthermore admitted that the good effects of gastro-enterostomy on ulcers in the antrum, pylorus or duodenum are not always a lasting one; that recurrence or recrudescence of the ulcer takes place in at least 45 per cent, of the cases. It is well to state these facts at the outset, and with the lessons taught by them proceed to change or modify the operation of gastro-enterostomy as applied to the cure
Encyclopedia of Medical History
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The title of this book may be misleading. It is not an encyclopedia of medical history; rather, it is a collection of 103 independent essays on selected medical topics, from A— abortion—through Y—yellow fever. The author explains that "there are no summary or definitional entries as such, and there are no biographical articles. Individuals' contributions to medical science are discussed as part of the evolution of techniques, ideas, or institutions." Each essay has a list of additional readings appended, but the author makes it clear that these references are intended "only as a supplement; they are in no sense a systematic guide to bibliography or research." The book, like most bird's-eye views, suffers from lack of detail, the shortcomings being those of omission rather than commission. This is not, however, to fault what is tendered, as the preface promises only "to provide an easily accessible historical treatment of important medical
Problems in Cancer Surveillance: Delineating In Situ and Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: B. F. Hankey, B. K. Edwards, L. A. Ries, C. L. Percy, E. Shambaugh
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

In this issue of the Journal, Lynch et al (7) describe the implications of combining in situ and invasive bladder cancers for reporting purposes by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program based at the National Cancer Institute. They discuss the implications of this practice in regard to the importance ascribed to bladder cancer relative to other cancers in the general population, using data from the registry for Iowa, one of the nine SEER areas. The SEER Program has combined in situ and invasive bladder cancers when reporting incidence and survival rates beginning with the 1985 annual report (2) (cases diagnosed 1973 through 1983). Reasons for making this decision included the following. Incidence rates for invasive bladder cancer had decreased rather dramatically in 1982 and 1983, while the rates for in situ bladder cancer had increased by nearly the same amount over the same period (Fig 1). Consultation with some pathologists in local SEER registry areas indicated that this trend was due in part to difficulties created by the absence of statements in the final diagnosis and microscopic description in pathology reports regarding the behavior (ie, in situ vs invasive) of bladder tumors. Such vagaries were resulting in variable and unpredictable results associated with the identification of in situ and invasive bladder cancers from the hospital medical record. Table 1 indicates that the incidence rates of in situ bladder cancer and the percents of in situ bladder cancer incidence relative to the total incidence of in situ and invasive bladder cancer varied by SEER registry area. Moreover, analysis of survival rates by behavior, extent of disease, and histologic type (Table 2) indicate that rates for cases of invasive bladder tumors confined to the mucosa that were papillary or papillary transitional cell cancer were higher than rates for cases of in situ transitional cell cancer. In order not to show a false decrease in invasive bladder cancer, it was decided that in situ and invasive bladder cancers would be combined for reporting purposes until the source of the problem could be determined and addressed. The study carried out by Lynch et al describes SEER data collection and reporting procedures for bladder cancer as well as a review of tissue slides from a limited subset of cases diagnosed in Iowa in 1983, to assess tumor behavior. The purpose of the study was to investigate problems in interpreting bladder cancer 1973 1976 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989
Allo-HLA–reactive T cells inducing graft-versus-host disease are single peptide specific
Authors: Avital L. Amir, Dirk M. van der Steen, Renate S. Hagedoorn, Michel G. D. Kester, Cornelis A. M. van Bergen, Jan W. Drijfhout, Arnoud H. de Ru, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg, Peter A. van Veelen, Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk
Journal: Blood (2011)
PREDICTIVE POWER AND LIMITATIONS OF THE DIAGNOSTIC SCAN FOR INDIUM-111 PENTETREOTIDE THERAPY
Authors: L. Lemen, J. Nelson, G. Espenan, K. E. McCarthy, L. B. Anthony, E. A. Woltering
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Use of conserved sequences from hepatitis C virus for the detection of viral RNA in infected sera by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Genevieve Inchauspe, Kenji Abe, Suzanne Zebedee, Marc Nasoff, Alfred M. Prince
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Three oligonucleotide primer combinations selected from the 5′ noncoding, the nucleocapsid and the putative nonstructural regions of the hepatitis C virus genome were compared in a nested polymerase chain reaction assay with respect to sensitivity and specificity for the detection of viral RNA in chimpanzeeinfected and human-infected sera. Sera from both the acute and the chronic phase of the infection were obtained from 13 animals inoculated with five different non-A, non-B hepatitis strains and from seven cardiac surgery patients who had non-A, non-B hepatitis develop after transfusion and who had been tested in parallel for the presence of hepatitis C virus RNA and anti-C100-3. A total of 90% of the acute-phase and 100% of the chronic-phase sera tested positive for hepatitis C virus RNA when the 5′ noncoding-derived or the nucleocapsid-derived combinations were used; only 58% and 56%, respectively, gave positive results with the putative nonstructural primers, whereas 33% and 71%, respectively, scored positive for C100-3. Thus polymerase chain reaction primers selected from either the highly conserved 5′ noncoding or nucleocapsid-regions appear to provide the sensitivity and the specificity necessary to detect low levels of hepatitis C virus RNA in both chimpanzee-infected and human-infected sera. (Hepatology 1991;14:595-600.)
New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: N Rudarakanchana
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Clinical presentation of primary pulmonary hypertensionPrimary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is defined clinically by a sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure (>25 mm Hg at rest or >30 mm Hg during exercise) without a demonstrable cause.Symptoms of PPH are largely non-specific but may include worsening shortness of breath, chest pain, syncope, fatigue, and peripheral oedema.It is a rare disorder with an estimated incidence of 2-3 per million per year. 1 PPH shows a female bias with a F:M ratio of 2.3:1.The median age at diagnosis is 36 years but it may occur at any age.PPH is a progressive, often fatal, disease with mean survival from diagnosis of 2.8 years. 2 The precise molecular mechanisms underlying PPH have hitherto remained elusive.Clues to the aetiology of the disease have been suggested by environmental stimuli associated with the development of severe pulmonary hypertension, pathologically indistinguishable from PPH.The association with appetite suppressants, in particular the fenfluramine/ dexfenfluramine group, 3 suggested a role of re-uptake inhibition of serotonin. 4Severe PPH may also follow HIV-1 infection, and PPH is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and the presence of circulating anti-Ku and antinuclear antibodies. 1 Cellular pathology of PPHPathologically, PPH is characterised by the obliteration of precapillary pulmonary arteries leading to right ventricular failure.Histologically, small pulmonary arteries show increased wall thickness, distal extension of smooth muscle into normally non-muscular vessels, the formation of a neointima, and plexiform lesions.6][7] The intimal lesions comprise myofibroblast-like cells, and the expression of endothelium specific markers is confined to cells lining the vascular lumen. 5 8Further debate surrounds the composition of the plexiform lesion, 9 although substantial evidence exists for regarding this lesion as a proliferation of endothelial cells supported by a myofibroblast stroma. 5 10Interestingly, studies have shown that endothelial cells comprising plexiform lesions in PPH are monoclonal, whereas those in secondary pulmonary hypertension are polyclonal in origin. 5Still more controversial is the notion that intraluminal plexiform lesions are directly responsible for the vascular obliteration in PPH. 6 9Ultimately, these controversies may only be resolved with the development of a suitable animal model of PPH or the availability of lung tissue from patients with earlier stages of disease so that the natural history of these lesions can be properly determined.
Regulation of the Immune System by Sex Steroids*
Authors: CHARLES J. GROSSMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

IN THE PAST 10 years there has been a significant increase in studies relating to the function of the immune system. The recent popularity of research in this area is due in part to the awareness by the medical and scientific community of the importance of immune function in the maintenance of a disease-free homeostasis, to technological advances in the field of immunological research, and to the increased availability of funds for investigation in this area. From the rapidly expanding literature in this field it has become increasingly apparent that the immune system interacts with most, if not all, of the body systems. One of the most intriguing of these interrelationships is that which occurs between the immune and reproductive systems and involves interactions of pituitary hormones, gonadal steroid hormones and thymic hormones. Because of the complexity of this area the present review will concentrate on only one aspect of the interaction between the two systems, namely the effects of gonadal steroids on immune function.
Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Jerrold S. Maxmen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Anorexia nervosa frequently is difficult to treat by the time the patient seeks medical attention. A treatment protocol is presented that utilizes high-calorie, liquid food supplements and is directed solely at weight gain. No psychological issues are discussed during the initial phase of treatment. Six patients with anorexia nervosa and extreme weight loss were placed on the treatment protocol. All responded with weight gain, and at follow-up 9 to 14 months later, had maintained their weight gain. The simplicity of the protocol makes implementation possible in nonpsychiatric settings. (<i>JAMA</i>229:801-803, 1974)