tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alteration of the natural killer repertoire in H-2 transgenic mice: specificity of rapid lymphoma cell clearance determined by the H-2 phenotype of the target.
Authors: P Höglund, R Glas, C Ohlén, H G Ljunggren, K Kärre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The mechanism behind natural tumor resistance conveyed by a H-2Dd transgene to C57Bl/6 (B6) mice was investigated. Transgenic D8 mice were more efficient than control mice in natural killer (NK) cell mediated rapid elimination of intravenously inoculated radiolabeled lymphoma cells of B6 origin, such as RBL-5. There was no difference between D8 and B6 mice when elimination of YAC-1 targets was monitored. The effect of the transgene on the NK repertoire was related to the H-2 phenotype of the target: the differential elimination of RBL-5 lymphoma cells in D8 and B6 mice was not seen when a H-2 deficient variant of this line was used (efficiently eliminated in both genotypes), nor was it seen with a H-2Dd transfectant (surviving in both genotypes). The data show that a MHC class I transgene can directly control natural killing in vivo by altering the repertoire rather than the general levels of NK activity. Since the NK mediated elimination seen after introduction of a novel gene in the host was neutralized by introducing the same gene (H-2Dd), but not an unrelated class I gene (H-2Dp), in the tumor, the data support the concept of NK surveillance against missing self. This combined transgenic/transfectant system may serve as a tool for a molecular dissection of the interactions between NK cells and their targets in vivo.
American Virgins: This World
Authors: N. Koralage
Journal: BMJ (2004)

BBC 2, 25 January at 9 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> How do you persuade teenagers to say no to sex? Denny Pattyn, a religious man and a big believer in sexual abstinence before marriage, believes that he has the answer. Pattyn is the founder of the Silver Ring Thing, a faith based US organisation set up to spread the message that it's cool to wait. The Silver Ring Thing, which has just received $700 000 (£383 000; €556 000) from the Bush administration, is aided by … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
The impact of breast cancer on sexuality, body image, and intimate relationships
Authors: L. R. Schover
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1991)

For women, breast cancer remains a common and dreaded experience. It is normal for a diagnosis of breast cancer to evoke grief, anger, and intense fear. Most women, however, face this crisis and master it without developing major psychiatric disorders or severe sexual dysfunction. The options of breast conservation and reconstruction give women a new sense of control over their treatment and are quite successful in helping women feel comfortable with their bodies again. The effectiveness of breast conservation and reconstruction in preventing or ameliorating sexual problems after breast cancer diagnosis is less clear, however. Any impact these options have on sexuality is subtle and may relate more to a woman's feelings of being desirable than to how often she has sex, her lovemaking practices, or how much she enjoys sex. We need more information on how chemotherapy and hormonal therapy affect women's sex lives. As clinicians, we should pay more attention to our patients' complaints of vaginal pain, dryness, and overall loss of sexual desire during systemic treatment. Practical advice on lovemaking techniques and a clinician's open attitude towards discussing sexual issues can prevent a great deal of anxiety and sadness as women with breast cancer search for ways to keep their sex lives satisfying.
FHSAs and prescribing.
Authors: R Panton
Journal: BMJ (1993)

and reaccreditation in the future.9The authority will need to involve local consultants and general practitioners from outside the district in audit and reaccredi- tation. PRIMARY CARE PROVIDER UNITThis unit or trust will be formed from the provider arms of the current community unit and family health services authority.The unit will contract for community services with the purchasing authority or general practice executive committee team or with individual practices or the private sector.Some com- petition for the provision of primary
Survivorship Perspectives and Advocacy
Authors: Barbara Hoffman, Ellen Stovall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

From the moment of diagnosis, a cancer survivor faces serious life-altering decisions. Survivors who are informed about their options and who feel they have personal control over decision making generally perceive a higher quality of life than those who feel less informed and less in control. Health care providers are in a unique position to define a survivor's cancer care and to guide a survivor through treatment and post-treatment care. By implementing survivorship care plans and directing their patients to survivorship resources, health care providers can advocate for survivors and teach them to be effective self-advocates.
Precocious puberty and non-accidental injury.
Authors: J McKiernan
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Precocious puberty and non-accidental injuryTrue precocious puberty in boys is often associated with organic brain disease.Although trauma is sometimes listed as a cause of precocious puberty, in a review of recent reports no mention of such an association was found.A case is reported, therefore, of a boy who developed isosexual precocity after non-accidental head injury. Case reportThe boy was born-in Britain to Pakistani parents.At the age of 6 weeks
Interstitial Nephritis After Cimetidine But Not Ranitidine
Authors: Phelps H. Potter
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We want to describe a patient with the clinical picture of acute interstitial nephritis that occurred during cimetidine treatment but not during a subsequent challenge with ranitidine, a new H<sub>2</sub>receptor antagonist. Episcleritis and high serum alkaline phosphatase levels also occurred with the patient receiving cimetidine but not ranitidine. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> On Jan 12, 1982, a 67-year-old man began taking cimetidine, 1,200 mg/day, for peptic esophagitis. Apart from antacids, there were no other medications. In Jan 26, there was a sudden onset of chills, fever, weakness, and anorexia. Cimetidine therapy was continued, and the symptoms persisted. Bilateral episcleritis was recognized on Feb 20. There was a sterile pyuria, minimal proteinuria, and no RBCs or casts in the urine. Wright's stain of a urine sediment showed an increased number of eosinophils; there was 6% eosinophilia. The ESR was 130 mm/hr. The serum creatinine level rose
The Human Thymus
Authors: Richard Hong
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This work is a complete but succinct review of the thymic role in human immunobiology. By confining themselves to the human species and stressing the clinical relevance of experimental and developmental studies, the authors have been able to admirably fulfill their goal of filling a need not "met by reports of conferences and other reviews dealing mainly with experimental aspects of thymic function" yet keep the volume to an attractive size. The book is extremely well written and characteristic of texts written by those to whom "English" English is the mother tongue. It will be not only understood but enjoyed by all who read it. The heavy stress on clinical significance of the experimental studies will make the book invaluable to practitioners who wish an authoritative introduction to thymology as it relates to clinical medicine. The book is profusely illustrated; the photographs are first rate and the publishers deserve full credit for the excellent reproduc
The effect of salmeterol on the early‐ and late‐phase reaction to bronchial allergen and postchallenge variation in bronchial reactivity, blood eosinophils, serum eosinophil cationic protein, and serum eosinophil protein X
Authors: B. Pedersen, R. Dahl, B. B. Larsen, P. Venge
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The late asthmatic response to bronchial allergen challenge and the associated increase in nonspecific bronchial reactivity provides a model for studying the acute inflammatory mechanisms in asthmatic airways. In 12 asthmatic patients (aged 22–37 years) with known dual reaction to allergen challenge, salmeterol 50 μg, 100 μg, or placebo was administered as a single dose 10 min before allergen challenge in a double‐blind, randomized order on three different study days 2 weeks apart. The bronchial reactivity (BH) to histamine was measured the day before and 24 and 48 h after allergen challenge. Salmeterol significantly inhibited the early ( P &lt;0.02) and the late ( P &lt;0.05) asthmatic reactions. After placebo, mean BH was significantly increased above base line at 24 and 48 h ( P &lt;0.02). After 50 and 100 μg salmeterol, BH was less than base line at 24 h and returned to prechallenge values at 48 h. Blood eosinophils increased significantly ( P &lt;0.05) 24 and 48 h after allergen challenge, and no difference was found between treatments. After pretreatment with placebo, serum eosinophil cationic protein (s‐ECP) and serum eosinophil protein X (s‐EPX) increased significantly ( P &lt;0.05) 24 and 48 h after allergen challenge. After treatment with salmeterol 50 μg, s‐EPX, but not s‐ECP, increased significantly 24 h after challenge, but was normal at 48 h. After salmeterol 100 μg, no change in s‐EPX or s‐ECP was found. The results showed that salmeterol eliminated the allergen‐induced dual asthmatic reaction and gave protection against increased BH. Measurement of blood eosinophils, s‐ECP, and s‐EPX indicated that salmeterol may modify this inflammatory cell activity, because raised s‐levels of ECP and EPX may be linked to eosinophil activation and granule secretion. In addition to inducing a long‐lasting bronchodilation, salmeterol may influence acute inflammation.
FURTHER EXPERIENCE OF THE USE OF QUININE IN NORMAL LABOUR
Authors: D. A. Mitchell, H. N. Bradbrooke
Journal: BMJ (1935)

AW ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ eighth week.In addition, two cases in the quiinine group and eleven in the controls started before this time ; details of these labours are not included in the results.I am sure that the incidence of premature labour in the control group is abnormally high, because after the thirty-eighth week the time of onset of labour was approximately equal in both groups.Only one case- a control'-went more than two weeks over the calculated date of labour.The other results are shown in the tables.eime Quinine Control Stage 1: Under 12 hours 33 (66%,,)...... 20 (40 %) 12 to 24 hours ... 12 (24 %)...... 21 (42 %) 24 to 36 hours ... 3 (6 %) ..... 6 (12 %) Over 36 hours ... 2 (4 %) ... 3 (6 %) Stage 2: Under 1 hour ... 34 (68 %) ...... 20 (40 %) 1to2hours ... 12(24%) ...... 21(42%) Over 2 hours ... 4 (8%) 9 (18 %) Stage 3: Under 1/2 hour ... 45 (90 0/") 47 (94 %) 1/2 to 1 hour 5 (10 %) 3 (6 %) Over 1 hour ... -
NICE: a panacea for the NHS?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Harold Wallace Ross, the great editor of the New Yorker , had a continuing fantasy that the next person he hired would bring “grace and measure” out of chaos.1 They never did. But his is a common fantasy, entertained at some time by most employers, secretaries of state, and prime ministers. The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE),* which begins its assault on Olympus next week, makes me think of Ross. I have heard NICE mentioned as the solution of most of the NHS's problems: rationing, poor practice, the failure of good practice to spread, postcode prescribing, the mindless adoption of technology, the absence of a sensible mechanism to introduce new drugs, and variations in outcome. How much can we realistically expect?

Like any other institution NICE will evolve, but it begins with three main functions: appraising new technologies, including drugs, before they are introduced into the NHS; issuing and kitemarking guidelines; and encouraging national audit. Most of its initial energy will be put into the first function, and this is the beginning of explicit, national rationing. It is also the appearance of the “fourth hurdle” in that to become widely used in the NHS new drugs will have to prove themselves not only to be pure, efficacious, and safe but also better …
Taurine modulation of hypochlorous acid-induced lung epithelial cell injury in vitro. Role of anion transport.
Authors: A M Cantin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Airway secretions of cystic fibrosis patients were found to contain high concentrations of taurine, which decreased with antibiotic therapy during acute respiratory exacerbations. Taurine, in a 1:1 molar ratio with HOCl/OCl-, caused a 10-fold increase in the amount of HOCl/OCl- needed to induce cytotoxicity to the cat lung epithelial cell line, AKD. Although DMSO protected cells against HOCl/OCl(-)-mediated injury, the presence of an equimolar concentration of taurine with HOCl/OCl- prevented DMSO from protecting cells and sulfhydryl groups against oxidation, suggesting the formation of taurine chloramines. Spectral properties confirmed the formation of monochloramines and dichloramines. Chloride-free buffer, DIDS, and low temperature (4 degrees C) each protected the cells against taurine/HOCl/OCl-, indicating that taurine chloramine uptake through anion transport pathways was required to induce cytotoxicity. A molar excess of taurine inhibited cytotoxicity, to induce cytotoxicity. A molar excess of taurine inhibited cytotoxicity, by decreasing taurine dichloramines and increasing the formation of less toxic taurine monochloramines. We conclude that taurine can protect lung epithelial cells by converting HOCl/OCl- to anionic monochloramines, but that taurine dichloramines can be toxic to respiratory epithelial cells through mechanisms that depend upon epithelial cell anion transport.
Creatine kinase isoform analysis in the detection and assessment of thrombolysis in man.
Authors: P R Puleo, M B Perryman, M A Bresser, R Rokey, C M Pratt, R Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Recent demonstrations of the efficacy of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction have emphasized the need for a noninvasive index of successful reperfusion. The tissue form of MM creatine kinase (MM3) is known to undergo posttranslational conversion to modified forms MM2 and MM1 after release into the plasma following acute infarction. Since this conversion is rapid, sustained elevation of plasma MM3 may be a marker of the prolonged creatine kinase release characteristic of nonreperfused infarction. Therefore, we investigated the rate of decline of plasma MM3 in a consecutive series of patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction, all of whom underwent acute angiography to assess treatment success, as well as in 30 conventionally treated patients. Among 55 patients with angiographically documented successful reperfusion (group IA), the rate of decline of MM3 was 4.18 +/- 1.25%/hr (mean +/- SD); in contrast, the rate of decline was 2.37 +/- 1.11%/hr in 39 patients with angiographically documented unsuccessful reperfusion (group IB) and 1.77 +/- 1.46%/hr among the 30 patients receiving conventional treatment (group II) (p less than .001 for groups IB and II vs group IA). A cutoff value of 3.1%/hr minimized the overlap between the groups; 48/55 (87%) patients with successful reperfusion had a rate of decline of MM3 of 3.1%/hr or more, while 29 of 39 (74%) patients in whom thrombolysis was unsuccessful and 27 of 30 (90%) patients receiving conventional treatment had a rate of decline less than 3.1%/hr (p less than .001 for groups IB and II vs group IA).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for low back pain: results from extended follow up
Authors: T W Meade, S. Dyer, W. Browne, A O Frank
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To compare the effectiveness over three years of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for low back pain. <b>Design</b> : Randomised allocation of patients to chiropractic or hospital outpatient management. <b>Setting</b> : Chiropractic clinics and hospital outpatient departments within reasonable travelling distance of each other in 11 centres. <b>Subjects</b> : 741 men and women aged 18-64 years with low back pain in whom manipulation was not contraindicated. <b>Outcome measures</b> : Change in total Oswestry questionnaire score and in score for pain and patient satisfaction with allocated treatment. <b>Results</b> : According to total Oswestry scores improvement in all patients at three years was about 29% more in those treated by chiropractors than in those treated by the hospitals. The beneficial effect of chiropractic on pain was particularly clear. Those treated by chiropractors had more further treatments for back pain after the completion of trial treatment. Among both those initially referred from chiropractors and from hospitals more rated chiropractic helpful at three years than hospital management. <b>Conclusions</b> : At three years the results confirm the findings of an earlier report that when chiropractic or hospital therapists treat patients with low back pain as they would in day to day practice those treated by chiropractic derive more benefit and long term satisfaction than those treated by hospitals.
Sudden, Severe Aortic Insufficiency
Authors: E. DOUGLAS WIGLE, CLAUDE J. LABROSSE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Fourteen cases of severe aortic insufficiency are presented in which an extremely elevated left ventricular pressure exceeded left atrial pressure during diastole. In 13 of the 14 cases there was proof, or strong suggestive evidence, that the aortic insufficiency was sudden in onset. In nine cases the left ventricular pressure equaled aortic pressure by end-diastole. In five cases left ventricular pressure failed to equal aortic pressure by end-diastole. The similarities between the hemodynamics of experimental and clinically occurring sudden severe aortic insufficiency, including possibly the effect of superimposed mitral insufficiency, was at times striking. The clinical picture in these cases was sufficiently distinctive that the abnormal hemodynamics could be predicted and the presence of sudden, severe aortic insufficiency suggested. The absence of the first heart sound at the cardiac apex, the presence of an early diastolic sound and "double diastolic apex beat," the harshness of the aortic systolic and diastolic murmurs, all served to make auscultatory differentiation of systole and diastole at times extremely difficult. This difficulty in differentiating the phases of the cardiac cycle by auscultation alone was in itself rather characteristic of sudden severe aortic insufficiency. The poor prognosis in these cases makes early recognition mandatory and early surgery advisable.
Response to bortezomib in refractory type I cryoglobulinemia
Authors: Giampaolo Talamo, David Claxton, Guido Tricot, Louis Fink, Maurizio Zangari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

We read with great interest the letter by Ludwig et al. [1] that raised important concerns about the reliability of our published data concerning the negative impact of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) on myeloma patients' survival [2].As we have commented in the discussion of our article [2], it is correct that the lack of balance of strong predictors of outcome between the ESA and the non-ESA group is the major limitation of our study.This drawback was also nicely addressed by David Steensma in the excellent Editorial that accompanies our publication [3].The two accompanying tables to this response, however, allow us to present some additional data which support our findings.As shown in Table I, ESA maintained its detrimental impact on overall survival (OS) in paired groups with accepted prognostic factors for survival in myeloma, such as age, b2 microglobulin (b2M), serum albumin, and hemoglobin (Hb), which were compara-
Ulcerative Colitis and a Bleeding Polyp Detected on Tc-99m-Pertechnetate Abdominal Scintigraphy
Authors: ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Two children with rectal bleeding were diagnosed as having ulcerative colitis and a bleeding colonic polyp respectively using abdominal scanning with Tc-99m pertechnetate. Early flow studies are recommended with careful attention paid to the amount of time abnormal areas of activity are seen on the abdominal scan.
Oregon and Organization.
Authors: J. N. McCormack
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Bowling Green, Ky., Jan. 7, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For nearly five years I have been engaged in a critical study of professional conditions, customs and prospects in nearly every section of the country, and in reporting the results of such observations in a manner intended to be both kind and helpful after my visit to each state. Charged with important duties, I have been forced to say unpalatable things, but, being without either the motive or inclination to do any section or individual injustice, and my work being entirely in the interest of harmony and well-being of the profession of the state or locality visited, Dr. Josephi is the only one who has ever questioned the accuracy of any statement made by me. I have had numbers of letters from the leading physicians of Oregon expressing regret for the necessity of saying these plain things, but cordially indorsing what
Islamic Theology's Contribution to Medical Decision Making in End-of-Life Care
Authors: John J. Paris, Andrew Hawkins
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

Medicine was an easier profession in the time of Hippocrates. There was little that could be done and little that was done. The decision on what to do was almost exclusively the prerogative of the physician. As one reads in the “Decorum” in the Hippocratic Corpus, Hippocrates (1977) instructed physicians to tell the patient nothing of his present or future condition. The doctor alone determined what was best for the patient. And in the treatise entitled The Art, Hippocrates exhorts his fellow physicians not to apply medical treatments to the patient who is “overmastered” by disease—not because such treatments would not work, but because when the intervention failed, people would lose confidence in the physician’s judgment. Even in that golden age, physician self-interest was a basic concern. Insights into the role of the patient and the physician