tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Selenocysteine, soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas, and autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Johannes Herkel, Michael P. Manns, Ansgar W. Lohse, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The trace element selenium is found in proteins as selenocysteine (Sec), the 21st amino acid to participate in ribosome-mediated translation. The substrate for ribosomal protein synthesis is selenocysteinyl-tRNASec. Its biosynthesis from seryl-tRNASec has been established for bacteria, but the mechanism of conversion from Ser-tRNASec remained unresolved for archaea and eukarya. Here, we provide evidence for a different route present in these domains of life that requires the tRNASec-dependent conversion of O-phosphoserine (Sep) to Sec. In this two-step pathway, Ophosphoseryl-tRNASec kinase (PSTK) converts Ser-tRNASec to SeptRNASec. This misacylated tRNA is the obligatory precursor for a Sep-tRNA:Sec-tRNA synthase (SepSecS); this protein was previously annotated as SLA/LP. The human and archaeal Sep-SecS genes complement in vivo an Escherichia coli Sec synthase (SelA) deletion strain. Furthermore, purified recombinant SepSecS converts SeptRNASec into Sec-tRNASec in vitro in the presence of sodiumselenite and purified recombinant E. coli selenophosphate synthetase (SelD). Phylogenetic arguments suggest that Sec decoding was present in the last universal common ancestor. SepSecS and PSTK coevolved with the archaeal and eukaryotic lineages, but the history of PSTK is marked by several horizontal gene transfer events, including transfer to non-Sec-decoding Cyanobacteria and fungi.
On a Peculiar Auscultatory Phenomenon
Authors: J. Thorburn
Journal: BMJ (1859)

passes on, and the transient congestion leaves no trace behind it.But it is very different if the attacks last several days, or even weeks, as is sometimes the case.Then the capillaries and venales, long distended, never completely recover themnselves, their to12e is lost, and the pulmonary conjge-stion, manifestedl by chronic dyspnwa and expectoration, is permanent.This pul- monary congestion, involving as it does the bronichial tubes, and occluding them with muicus, becomes, in its turn, a source
Precipitation of Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Diabetes on Alternate-Day Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Kristine M. Lohr
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Alternate-day corticosteroid therapy may minimize adverse effects during prolonged therapy.<sup>1</sup>The "off-day" of short-acting preparations diminishes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression and deleterious effects.<sup>2,3</sup>Daily use of corticosteroids can precipitate the hyperosmolar diabetic state,<sup>2</sup>but this has not been described using the "safer" alternate-day regimen. The following patient experienced this complication while receiving alternate-day prednisone therapy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> During May 1981 to July 1982, a 62-year-old woman experienced the development of undifferentiated connective tissue disease consisting of asymmetric erosive polyarthritis (metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal bones, wrist, midfoot, and atlanto-axial joints), anemia of chronic inflammation, glomerulonephritis, and uveitis. Results of standard blood chemistry studies (potassium range, 3.8 to 4.4 mEq/L) and thyroid tests, levels of total hemolytic complement and anti-DNA, and leukocyte and platelet counts were normal throughout her course. Antinuclear antibody was 1:80 homogeneous; rheumatoid factor was 1:160. Only one of multiple synovianalyses had possible
Use of Inadvertent for Unintentional Is Negligent
Authors: James F. Mayhew
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest Kurachek and Rockoff's report entitled "Inadvertent Intravenous Administration of Racemic Epinephrine."<sup>1</sup>I should like to limit my comments to the use of the word "inadvertent" when describing medical mishaps.<i>Webster's Third New International Dictionary</i><sup>2</sup>defines<i>inadvertent</i>as "not turning the mind to a matter; heedless, negligent, inattentive." When using<i>inadvertent</i>to mean<i>unintentional</i>, when in fact it means<i>negligent</i>, we are placing ourselves in an unneeded jeopardy. Two recent nationally published cases of unlabeled drugs being injected into the spinal cord attest to the magnitude of the problem when mistakes are made by not labeling or by mislabeling vials and syringes. However, the naive use of<i>inadvertent</i>as a description for an unintentional oversight is misleading and does not convey the thought the authors wish to make. I believe that the word "inadvertent," with its nonmedical meaning, should be avoided in
The Wegener's granulomatosis quantitative trait locus on chromosome 6p21.3 as characterised by tagSNP genotyping
Authors: M Heckmann, J U Holle, L Arning, S Knaup, B Hellmich, M Nothnagel, P Jagiello, W L Gross, J T Epplen, S Wieczorek
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Background:</h3> A genomic region on chromosome 6p21.3, including HLA-DPB1, has been linked to Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). The basis of this association is difficult to evaluate because of the complex haplotype block architecture of this region. <h3>Objective:</h3> To identify the causative molecular genetic variation(s) using a detailed HapMap based fine-mapping approach. <h3>Methods:</h3> 282 patients with WG and 380 healthy controls were genotyped for HLA-DPB1 as well as for 35 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the respective region. 25 of these SNPs have been selected as tagging SNPs for another 219 associated SNPs. Allele and genotype frequencies were analysed separately by contingency tables and logistic regression. Finally, the coding region of RING1 was directly sequenced in subjects who carried haplotypes that were correlated with contrasting WG risks. <h3>Results:</h3> The previously reported strong association of WG with the HLA-DPB1*0401 allele was confirmed in an independent WG sample (n = 108, p<sub>c</sub> = 6.4×10<sup>−8</sup>). When the complete cohort (n = 282) was considered, the association remained highly significant in ANCA-positive (p<sub>c</sub> = 1.26×10<sup>−22</sup>), but not in ANCA-negative patients. An SNP 3′ of HLA-DPB1 yielded the smallest p value and was associated with WG partly independently from the HLA-DPB1 alleles. Another informative SNP in the vicinity of RING1 showed significant WG association that was also partly independent of HLA-DPB1. RING1 sequencing, however, did not show any variation potentially predisposing to WG. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The HLA-DPB1/RING1 region is strongly associated with WG in ANCA-positive subjects. Further analyses of potential cis regulatory sequences of candidate genes HLA-DPB1, RING1 and RXRB appear warranted.
Sensitivity Reactions to Intramuscular Injection of Benzathine Penicillin
Authors: Stanley H. Bernstein, Harold B. Houser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SINCE Wannamaker and his colleagues1 and Bernstein et al.2 demonstrated that daily oral administration of penicillin for ten days will successfully control epidemics of disease due to Group A streptococci among military personnel, the problem of employing penicillin as a prophylactic agent in such epidemics has become largely a practical one. For mass prophylaxis it is necessary to administer tablets daily. The attendant problems of ensuring that each man takes the drug at the proper times and the constant supervision by medical personnel of the overall operation make this form of prophylaxis difficult when large numbers of people are involved. . . .
Six-Month Prophylaxis Is Cost Effective in Transplant Patients at High Risk for Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Fu L. Luan, Linda J. Stuckey, Jeong M. Park, Daniel Kaul, Diane Cibrik, Akinlolu Ojo
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

The risk of late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a concern in seronegative kidney and/or pancreas transplant recipients of seropositive organs despite the use of antiviral prophylaxis. The optimal duration of prophylaxis is unknown. We studied the cost effectiveness of 6- versus 3-mo prophylaxis with valganciclovir. A total of 222 seronegative recipients of seropositive kidney and/or pancreas transplants received valganciclovir prophylaxis for either 3 or 6 mo during two consecutive time periods. We assessed the incidence of CMV infection and disease 12 mo after completion of prophylaxis and performed cost-effectiveness analyses. The overall incidence of CMV infection and disease was 26.7% and 24.4% in the 3-mo group and 20.9% and 12.1% in the 6-mo group, respectively. Six-month prophylaxis was associated with a statistically significant reduction in risk for CMV disease (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.72), but not infection (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.14). Cost-effectiveness analyses showed that 6-mo prophylaxis combined with a one-time viremia determination at the end of the prophylaxis period incurred an incremental cost of $34,362 and $16,215 per case of infection and disease avoided, respectively, and $8,304 per one quality adjusted life-year gained. Sensitivity analyses supported the cost effectiveness of 6-mo prophylaxis over a wide range of valganciclovir and hospital costs, as well as variation in the incidence of CMV disease. In summary, 6-mo prophylaxis with valganciclovir combined with a one-time determination of viremia is cost effective in reducing CMV infection and disease in seronegative recipients of seropositive kidney and/or pancreas transplants.
AB0997 Effect of Patient Information Oriented Ultrasonography-Guided Local Injection Procedure on Anxiety Level and Shoulder Pain: A Randomized-Controlled Study
Authors: M. Karkucak, N. Cilesizoglu, E. Capkın, I. Can, I. Batmaz, S. Kerimoglu, M.A. Önder
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of patient information oriented ultrasonography (USG)-guided local injection procedure on anxiety level and shoulder pain <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 141 patients, who were scheduled for local injection due to shoulder pain, was included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups. Patients in group 1 (n=63) were informed about USG procedure and the medical problem, and were asked to follow the injection procedure from the screen. The patients in group 2 (n=78) were neither informed about the USG nor asked to screen the local injection procedure. Evaluations were performed before and after injections. Evaluation parameters involved VAS, STAI form (1 and 2) and level of satisfaction <h3>Results</h3> When all patients were considered, prior and post injection values for all parameters were significantly different. When group 1 and group 2 patients were compared with respect to VAS, STAI 1 and 2 only significant difference was determined between post injection STAI 2 form in group 1 (p=0.009). When between group comparisons were performed, there were significant difference between pre and post injection values (Group 1; p=0.000 for VAS, p=0.001 for STAI form 1, p=0.003 for STAI form 2 and Group 2; p=0.000 for VAS, p=0.001 for STAI form 1, p=0.016 for STAI form 2). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the post injection satisfaction levels (p=0.824). <h3>Conclusions</h3> USG-guided shoulder injections provides positive contributions with respect to pain and anxiety. Particularly the USG-guided injection and patients9 information has positive consequences on patients long-standing "trait-anxiety" level. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2447
Diabetic Lipohypertrophy Delays Insulin Absorption
Authors: Robert J Young, W James Hannan, Brian M Frier, Judith M Steel, Leslie J P Duncan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The effect of lipohypertrophy at injection sites on insulin absorption has been studied in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The clearance of 125 I-insulin from sites with lipohypertrophy was significantly slower than from complementary nonhypertrophied sites (% clearance in 3 h, 43.8 ± 3.5 ± SEM) control; 35.3 ± 3.9 lipohypertrophy, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The degree of the effect was variable but sufficient in several patients to be of clinical importance. Injection-site lipohypertrophy is another factor that modifies the absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin.
Premature Ovarian Failure and Its Consequences: Vasomotor Symptoms, Sexuality, and Fertility
Authors: Leslie R. Schover
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Premature ovarian failure is a common consequence of systemic treatment for premenopausal breast cancer. Vasomotor symptoms and sexual dysfunction occur frequently in women who have an abrupt menopause from chemotherapy or ovarian suppression. However, current fertility may be impaired even in women who are menstruating after chemotherapy, and survivors are at high risk for permanent ovarian failure at a young age. Hot flashes can be managed with venlaxafine, gabapentin, or-potentially-stress management. Providing advice on treating vaginal dryness and brief sexual counseling can often alleviate sexual dysfunction. Options for fertility preservation remain limited but are improving rapidly. Distress about interrupted childbearing has a long-term impact on the quality of life.
STUDIES ON FERMENT ACTION
Authors: James W. Jobling, Carroll G. Bull
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

1. The specific lipase of immune hemolytic serum is not necessary for hemolysis, but this does not prove the non-necessity of a lipolytic action in serum hemolysis, since a lipase is always present in the complement serum. 2. Serum lipase is found in the end-piece of split complement. 3. There is a parallelism between the lipase content and complement strength of the sera of different animals (man, rabbit, guinea pig, sheep, ox, cat).
An Ancient Tranquilizer: The Mule in the Mines
Authors: R. L. Laney
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> More about the "ancient tranquilizer" (NARRATION,<i>JAMA</i><b>191</b>, Jan 4, 1965, adv p 221). R. E. Farr, MD (deceased) of Minneapolis, who did most of his surgery with local anesthesia, used phonograph records to soothe his patients and staff, with much satisfaction, circa 1910-1912. Another surgeon friend of mine sang short excerpts from songs to ease his tensions; the patient and assistants were also tranquilized. One of his favorite songs was "My Sweetheart's the Mule in the Mines," which a young woman upon whom he was doing a pneumonectomy, using epidural anesthesia, offered to sing with him during the operation. The unsympathetic anesthetist standing by vetoed her proposal. The surgeon's former operating room personnel will surely remember that song; some might even remember the occasion when the patient offered to sing a duet with him while he removed her lung. Perhaps she intended to encourage her surgeon.
Pilot studies of telemedicine for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: L Baer, P Cukor, M A Jenike, L Leahy, J O'Laughlen, J T Coyle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

Remote video psychiatric assessment holds promise for providing expert consultation to underserved areas. The authors assessed the reliability of rating scales administered in person and over video to patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Rating scales for obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and anxiety symptoms were administered in person (N = 16) and by means of narrow-bandwidth video transmission over one digital telephone line (N = 10). Interrater reliability was determined for each condition; for the video interviews one rater sat at the local site in front of the videoconsulting apparatus and asked the questions, and the patient and the second rater sat at the remote site.Reliability was excellent in both conditions, and there was no degradation in reliability when the assessment was conducted over video.Telemedicine resulted in near-perfect interrater agreement on rating scale scores. Its use for other disorders and for more in-depth assessments should be explored.
HALOPERIDOL—A PRELIMINARY CLINICAL STUDY
Authors: ARTHUR P. HOLSTEIN, CALVIN H. CHEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Haloperidol appears to be an effective tranquilizer in schizophrenic reactions accompained by paranoid symptomatology, and in other mental illnesses where paranoid symptoms are prominent. Extrapyramidal tract symptoms occurred, but were easily controlled with anti-Parkinsonian medication.
Abstract 3596: Globally, minorities are at increased risk for lung cancer
Authors: Solange E. Cox, Alicia Hulbert, Malcolm V. Brock
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose of Study: To determine whether identifiable minority populations in countries of the six regions of the world experience higher incidence rates of lung cancer than do the members of the majority population of those countries. Experimental procedures: The WHO website has codified the world's continents into six regions including Africa, Americas, South East Asia, Europe, The Eastern Mediterranean and the Western Pacific. This definition of world regions was used for this study. Data were available from five of the six regions. Countries were ordered in each region according to population density. In each region, at a minimum, the 10 most densely populated countries were included. A minority population group was defined as a numerically smaller proportion of a population differing from the majority by a specific identifiable characteristic. Minority and majority populations were defined according to the CIA world fact book and the minority rights group international. Each country was evaluated separately for incidence rates of lung cancer within both minority and majority populations. Codified study data were included for a country only if the data met the following specific criteria: (1) the data had to be presented in its original form using a case-control or cohort methodology; (2) lung cancer incidences had to be reported as an outcome. Data were only included for analysis if it were published as a case-control or cohort study with appropriate references in a peer-reviewed journal. No data from non -peer reviewed articles were considered. Results: Table 1: Lung cancer incidence rates in minority and majority populations from countries included in the top ten of the most densely populated of five world regions. Conclusions: Globally, minority populations experience much higher incidence rates for lung cancer within a country than do the majority population. We hypothesize that this is due to marginalization of these minority groups which may lead to increased smoking in the minority group members as a coping mechanism. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3596. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3596
Epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-1 is protective in murine experimental colitis
Authors: Jörn Karhausen, Glenn T. Furuta, John E. Tomaszewski, Randall S. Johnson, Sean P. Colgan, Volker H. Haase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Mucosal epithelial cells are uniquely equipped to maintain barrier function even under adverse conditions. Previous studies have implicated hypoxia in mucosal tissue damage resulting from both acute and chronic inflammation. Given the importance of the transcriptional regulator hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) for adaptive hypoxia responses, we hypothesized that HIF-1 may serve as a barrier-protective element during mucosal inflammation. Initial studies of hapten-based murine colitis revealed extensive mucosal hypoxia and concomitant HIF-1 activation during colitis. To study this in more detail, we generated 2 mouse lines with intestinal epithelium-targeted expression of either mutant Hif1a (inability to form HIF-1) or mutant von Hippel-Lindau gene (Vhlh; constitutively active HIF-1). Studies of colitis in these mice revealed that decreased HIF-1 expression correlated with more severe clinical symptoms (mortality, weight loss, colon length), while increased HIF levels were protective in these parameters. Furthermore, colons with constitutive activation of HIF displayed increased expression levels of HIF-1-regulated barrier-protective genes (multidrug resistance gene-1, intestinal trefoil factor, CD73), resulting in attenuated loss of barrier during colitis in vivo. Taken together, these studies provide insight into tissue microenvironmental changes during model inflammatory bowel disease and identify HIF-1 as a critical factor for barrier protection during mucosal insult.
Growth of factor-dependent hemopoietic precursor cell lines.
Authors: T M Dexter, J Garland, D Scott, E Scolnick, D Metcalf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Cell lines have been produced from long-term cultures of mouse bone marrow that require a factor, present in WEHI-3 conditioned medium (CM) or in spleen CM, for their sustained growth. The cell lines were obtained from nonvirus-treated cultures, are nonleukemic, maintain a normal karyotype, and form colonies showing granulocyte maturation when plated in soft agar. Granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor is not the inductive moiety involved in the maintenance of proliferation of these cells. It is suggested that the cell lines represent a self-renewing population of cells ancestral to GM colony-forming cells, which may be responding to a hitherto unrecognized regulator.
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol
Authors: Lars H Lindholm, Hans Ibsen, Björn Dahlöf, Richard B Devereux, Gareth Beevers, Ulf de Faire, Frej Fyhrquist, Stevo Julius, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Krister Kristiansson, Ole Lederballe-Pedersen, Markku S Nieminen, Per Omvik, Suzanne Oparil, Hans Wedel, Peter Aurup, Jonathan Edelman, Steven Snapinn
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Food-borne Hepatitis A in a General Hospital
Authors: Joel D. Meyers
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In November and December 1973, an outbreak of food-borne hepatitis A occurred in a busy general hospital. Epidemiologic investigation implicated cafeteria-made sandwiches. Eventually, 44 clinical and 22 subclinical cases of hepatitis were diagnosed among hospital employees. In addition, at least seven persons in the community became ill with hepatitis after eating in the hospital cafeteria; hospital patients were not, in general, affected. Two cafeteria workers were potentially implicated in the spread of hepatitis; both would have had subclinical hepatitis during the probable transmission period. It was recommended that food-handlers with icteric hepatitis remain out of work for at least two to three weeks after the onset of jaundice, while food-handlers with subclinical hepatitis remain out of work for at least two to three weeks after the peak of enzyme level elevation. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1049-1053, 1975)
Case 38-1962
Authors: John F. Crigler, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Presentation of CaseFirst admission. A six-month-old female child was referred to the hospital because of convulsions and hypoglycemia.The child was the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy of a healthy, twenty-eight-year-old gravida 7, para 6. All the siblings were living and well, and there was no family history of significant disease or consanguinity. The patient was delivered after a twelve-hour labor, during which the right clavicle was fractured. The child breathed and cried spontaneously, but slight peripheral cyanosis was apparent during the immediate neonatal period; the birth weight was 10 pounds, 8 ounces. At thirty-one hours of age the . . .