tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Intracoronary Nitrite During Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Daniel A. Jones, Cyril Pellaton, Shanti Velmurugan, Krishnaraj Sinha Rathod, Mervyn Andiapen, Sotiris Antoniou, Sven van Eijl, Andrew J. Webb, Mark A. Westwood, Mahesh K. Parmar, Anthony Mathur, Amrita Ahluwalia
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: Preclinical evidence demonstrates that inorganic nitrite, after its in situ conversion to nitric oxide, attenuates consequent myocardial reperfusion injury. Objective: We investigated whether intracoronary injection of nitrite during primary percutaneous coronary intervention might improve infarct size in ST-elevated myocardial infarction. Methods and Results: Patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (n=80) were randomized to receive intracoronary (10 mL) sodium nitrite (1.8 μmol) or NaCl (placebo) before balloon inflation. The primary end point was infarct size assessed by measuring creatine kinase release. Secondary outcomes included infarct size assessed by troponin T release and by cardiac MRI on day 2. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. No evidence of differences in creatine kinase release ( P =0.92), troponin T ( P =0.85), or cardiac MRI–assessed infarct size ( P =0.254) were evident. In contrast, there was an improvement in myocardial salvage index ( P =0.05) and reduction in major adverse cardiac event at 1 year (2.6% versus 15.8%; P =0.04) in the nitrite group. In a 66-patient subgroup with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction ≤1 flow, there was reduced serum creatine kinase ( P =0.030) and a 19% reduction in cardiac MRI–determined infarct size ( P =0.034) with nitrite. No adverse effects of nitrite were detected. Conclusions: In this phase II study, intracoronary nitrite infusion did not alter infarct size, although a trend to improved myocardial salvage index and a significant reduction in major adverse cardiac event was evident. In a subgroup of patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow ≤1, nitrite reduced infarct size and major adverse cardiac event and improved myocardial salvage index, indicating that a phase III clinical trial assessing intracoronary nitrite administration as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-elevated myocardial infarction patients is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01584453.
Osteoporosis and fluoride therapy.
Authors: W. H. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1970)

our respondents.Secondly, we based our 50-item questionnaire on verbatim attitude and opinion statements derived from inter- views with members of the various hospital staff groups under study.While we would agree that it is important to stress the positiveness of attitudes to psychiatry, we consider it equally if not more important to define the areas of prejudice that still exist and which at least up to date defy change.For such prejudice might seriously hamper the further integration of psychiatry in the general hospital and yet go undetected.The fuller analysis of our findings should help to clarify what atti- tudes still require change and hence lead to a more rational teaching programme for all general hospital staff.Finally, we would hope our results will encourage research into methods of teaching by which such prejudices can be overcome.-Weare, etc.,
P168 Eradication of Burkholderia cepacia in CF: time for a coordinated approach?
Authors: A. Horsley, J. Govan, A. M. Jones
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> New infection with <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> complex (Bcc) organisms is a significant event for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In addition to potential clinical impact, there are implications for access to services and transplantation. Prior to developing a protocol for attempted eradication of Bcc, similar to that applied to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, UK CF centres were surveyed to establish what practices are currently employed. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire was distributed to CF centre directors and non-returns followed up by email reminder. <h3>Results</h3> Responses were obtained from 35 units (73%). Because of the rarity of new Bcc infection in paediatric centres, only replies from 16 adult centres (representing 3400 patients) have been analysed further. 12 centres, representing 2860 patients, always attempt eradication of newly isolated Bcc. Two additional centres attempt eradication only in the presence of additional indications. Only two units had a formal eradication policy. IV antibiotics were used in all cases, for a median of 2 (range 2–6) weeks, typically comprising combined tobramycin and meropenem with additional therapy consisting of septrin (n=5), ceftazidime (6), and chloramphenicol (2). Nebulised antibiotics (typically tobramycin or meropenem) were also used in 13 of these 14 centres. Five units used additional oral antibiotics, for a median of 7 (2–12) weeks. This most commonly involved minocycline (n=4) and/or septrin (n=5). Two thirds of adult centres estimated success rate of eradication therapy to be &lt;50%. In centres where eradication was not routine, factors that dissuaded clinicians were perceived poor success of treatment (n=5), toxicity (n=3), cost (n=1) and lack of experience with this approach (n=2). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Attempted eradication of newly acquired Bcc is controversial, involving expensive and potentially toxic therapies with no evidence to guide treatment choice and no published outcome data. Despite this, it is common practice in many UK adult CF centres. Most units do not have a formal eradication policy, adopting a variety of approaches, and estimates of treatment success are pessimistic. Since new acquisition of Bcc is now relatively rare, it is hard for even large units to assess response to therapies. A systematic approach is required to optimise and standardise treatment regimens, and assess outcomes.
7 BOCEPREVIR IN ADDITION TO STANDARD OF CARE ENHANCED SVR IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) GENOTYPE-1 WITH ADVANCED FIBROSIS/CIRRHOSIS: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF SPRINT-2 AND RESPOND-2 STUDIES
Authors: S. Bruno, J.M. Vierling, R. Esteban, L.M. Nyberg, H. Tanno, J.K. Albrecht, C.A. Brass, N. Boparai, V. Sniukiene, M. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Befriending carers of people with dementia: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Georgina Charlesworth, Lee Shepstone, Edward Wilson, Shirley Reynolds, Miranda Mugford, David Price, Ian Harvey, Fiona Poland
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of a voluntary sector based befriending scheme in improving psychological wellbeing and quality of life for family carers of people with dementia. <b>Design</b> Single blind randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Community settings in East Anglia and London. <b>Participants</b> 236 family carers of people with primary progressive dementia. <b>Intervention</b> Contact with a befriender facilitator and offer of match with a trained lay volunteer befriender compared with no befriender facilitator contact; all participants continued to receive "usual care." <b>Main outcome measures</b> Carers' mood (hospital anxiety and depression scale—depression) and health related quality of life (EuroQoL) at 15 months post-randomisation. <b>Results</b> The intention to treat analysis showed no benefit for the intervention "access to a befriender facilitator" on the primary outcome measure or on any of the secondary outcome measures. <b>Conclusions</b> In common with many carers' services, befriending schemes are not taken up by all carers, and providing access to a befriending scheme is not effective in improving wellbeing. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN08130075.
A novel strategy for the treatment of chronic wounds based on the topical administration of rhEGF-loaded lipid nanoparticles: In vitro bioactivity and in vivo effectiveness in healing-impaired db/db mice
Authors: Garazi Gainza, Marta Pastor, José Javier Aguirre, Silvia Villullas, José Luis Pedraz, Rosa Maria Hernandez, Manoli Igartua
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
New Definition of Term Pregnancy
Authors: James M. Nicholson, Lisa C. Kellar, Serdar Ural
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Road to Euthanasia or Right to Refuse Care?
Authors: Fenella Rouse
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Dr Sprung<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial by Dr Carton<sup>2</sup>provide measured expositions of two viewpoints on termination of life-sustaining treatment. Dr Sprung fears that by stopping life support in an increasing number of situations we have started on a path that will lead inexorably to devaluing human life. Dr Carton makes the point that the danger of active involuntary euthanasia does not justify the opposite extreme of automatically sustaining nonsentient molecular life under all circumstances. An important issue that neither viewpoint raises is our current deficiency in providing adequate palliative care for people at the end of life, whether or not life support is provided. Physicians may have become more at ease with stopping life support in certain circumstances, but they still do little to relieve the pain and emotional suffering of dying people. The article by Dr Sprung suggests that
P51 Reduced Effectiveness of the Primary-Care Registry For Targeted LTBI Screening of High Risk Immigrants with HIV Co-Infection
Authors: RK Panchal, G Woltmann, P Haldar
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The impact of screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in immigrants for tuberculosis (TB) prevention in the UK is dependent on effective strategies for identifying at-risk groups. Here we investigate effectiveness of the primary-care (PC) registry to identify immigrants for enrolment to LTBI screening at the time of GP registration, based on their HIV status. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a 11-year retrospective cohort study of PC registrations, cross-referenced with foreign-born TB (FB-TB) notifications for immigrants entering the UK after 1999 that had HIV testing performed. We assumed LTBI screening to prevent prospective TB would be effective if notifications occurred ≥6 months after PC registration. The primary outcome was the proportion of FB-TB preventable with screening at PC registration and compared between subgroups stratified according to HIV status. <h3>Results</h3> 624 of 857 FB-TB cases were HIV tested (72.8%) and 84 were HIV seropositive (13.4%). 56 (67%) HIV positive FB-TB cases occurred in immigrants from TB incidence regions 500/100,000. Overall 511 (63%) FB-TB cases were preventable if screened at PC registration. The proportion with unpreventable TB was significantly higher for the HIV positive compared to the HIV negative FB-TB subgroup; [19% vs 10%; RR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.25 to2.84), p=0.003]. Compared with patients that were HIV negative, time to PC registration after UK entry was longer [median (IQR); 1515 (555–2202) days vs 415 (36–1558) days; p&lt;0.005) and time to disease notification shorter [median (IQR); 587 (208–1182) days vs 1163 (669–1854) days, p&lt;0.005] for HIV positive FB-TB patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Targeted LTBI screening at the time of primary-care registration may be a less effective preventative strategy for HIV positive immigrants at highest TB risk. Our data supports the need to promote early registration and extended screening to include HIV and other blood-borne viruses as part of an integrated immigrant screening programme.
Radiological progression in rheumatoid arthritis: how many patients are required in a treatment trial to test disease modification?
Authors: J T Sharp, F Wolfe, M Corbett, H Isomaki, D M Mitchell, D E Furst, J Sibley, M Shipley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the number of patients required in a therapeutic trial that uses progression of radiological abnormalities as the outcome measure would be similar for multiple centres. METHODS--The progression of radiological damage to the fingers and wrists of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in five centres, three in North America and two in Europe, was examined. The reproducibility of repeated readings by the same and multiple observers was examined. The number of patients required in a two group trial was calculated for several combinations of power and significance. RESULTS--Scoring progression of radiological abnormalities in sequential films taken between 0.5 and 2.1 years was found to be highly reproducible. When the scores of a single reader were used the rate of change of radiological scores was similar in all centres. Based on the mean progression rate for all centres it was estimated that 153 patients in each group would be required to assure 90% power for detecting a 50% slowing of radiological progression at a significance of 0.05. Review of the experience in three trials showed a large variability in the radiological progression rates. CONCLUSION--The progression of scores for radiological damage in rheumatoid arthritis is relatively uniform in North America and Europe and thus the number of patients required in a trial would be similar. Experience in three trials showed that patient selection is of paramount importance in setting up a successful study.
Bilateral and Symmetric Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in Breast Prostheses
Authors: MARIANNE TONDEUR, HAMPHREY R. HAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 69-year-old woman with degenerative joint disease and right hand pain after trauma underwent Tc-99m MDP bone imaging. Anterior thoracic imaging showed two areas of intense uptake along the chest wall. These symmetric accumulations were related to Tc-99m MDP uptake in the calcified tissue around breast prostheses. The patient had undergone reconstructive breast surgery 30 years earlier.
What we can learn from second animal neuroscience
Authors: Benjamin C. Nephew
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract There are several facets of second-person neuroscience which can benefit from comparisons with animal behavioral neuroscience studies. This commentary addresses the challenges involved in obtaining quantitative data from second-person techniques, the role of stress in inducing robust responses, the use of interactive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and the value of applying interactive methods to studies of aggression and depression.
A METHOD OF DISPENSING WITH RUBBER GLOVES AND THE ADHESIVE RUBBER DAM.A PRELIMINARY NOTE.
Authors: JOHN B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The disadvantages, inconveniences and dangers of rubber gloves and dam, as well as their theoretical advantages, are well understood and will not be commented on here. For several months past I have been endeavoring to find a material that might be applied to the hands of the surgeon and skin of the patient which would practically seal these surfaces with an insoluble, impervious and practically imperceptible coating—a coating that would not allow the secretions of the skin to escape and will not admit secretions, blood or pus into the pores or crevices of the skin, at the same time one that will not interfere with the sense of touch or impair the pliability of the skin. I have ascertained that a 4, 6 or 8 per cent solution of gutta-percha in benzine fulfills all of these requirements, while a similar solution in acetone also meets most
Patient Access to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers in Orange County, California
Authors: Beverly C. Morgan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: It is becoming increasingly common for physicians to invest in free-standing health care businesses to which they refer their patients but at which they do not practice. These arrangements, known as joint ventures, include a wide variety of diagnostic and therapeutic services; a salient example is centers offering magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Discussion of the appropriateness and ethics of these arrangements has been widespread. Opponents of this practice say that referring physicians have a direct conflict of interest when they are owners of businesses to which patients are referred. The main argument of proponents is that investment . . .
670 IMPACT OF B+DELTA VIRUSES CO INFECTION ON THE LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT (LSM) BY TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY
Authors: Si Nafa Si Ahmed, Wael Mansour, Xavier Causse, Frédéric Le Gal, Emmanuel Gordien, Isabelle Fouchard-Hubert, Françoise Lunel-Fabiani, Groupe de Fontevraud
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Rouleaux Formation Intensity of Plasma and E.S.R
Authors: S. Lewi
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The term  formation intensity (R.F.I.) is introduced to account for the different degrees of red cell aggregation due to the effect of plasma factors on the erythrocytes. It is generally agreed that the erythrocyte sedimenta tion rate (E.S.R.) corresponds to the R.F.I. of the plasma. This holds true if the Westergren (1921) technique is employed, but not necessarily with the use of the Wintrobe method (Wintrobe and Landsberg, 1935). Both methods may yield discrepant results. Values obtained with Westergren's method are thought to correspond more to the clinical condition of the patient than those secured with the Wintrobe tech nique. Davis (1946) cited cases with high Wintrobe but normal Westergren E.S.R.s. According to several reports (Gilmour and Sykes, 1951; Goldberg, Glynn, and Bywaters, 1952; Goldberg and Conway, 1952) the very opposite findings of high Westergren and normal Wintrobe E.S.R.s in many seriously ill patients occur even more frequently-for example, in cases in which the Westergren values were high, as anticipated, and the Wintrobe readings were normal or only slightly increased. The following factors were believed to explain the discrepancy of findings by the use of the two methods: effect of the anticoagulant on the pH (Goldberg, Glynn, and Bywaters, 1952), the existence of the abnormal cryoglobulin in the plasma (Goldberg and Conway, 1952; Milles and Salt, 1952), the influence of diameter of sedimentation tubes (Milles and Salt, 1952), the so called  reflux phenomenon  (Alexander, 1953), and the inhibition of rouleaux formation in deoxygenated blood (Duxbury, 1953). This pair is a contribution to the discussion of the reasons for the discrepancy of findings with the Wester gren and Wintrobe methods in an attempt to settle the question which method is preferable for clinical use.
Oral corticosteroids decrease eosinophil and CC chemokine expression but increase neutrophil, IL-8, and IFN-γ–inducible protein 10 expression in asthmatic airway mucosa
Authors: Motonori Fukakusa, Celine Bergeron, Meri K. Tulic, Pierre-Olivier Fiset, Oday Al Dewachi, Michel Laviolette, Qutayba Hamid, Jamila Chakir
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Abstract 5179: Inhibition of U937-cell adhesion to human endothelial cells by glycosylated lysozyme mutants
Authors: Ralph Melcher, Ina Kraus, Stephanie Demmig, Dorothea Moeller, Theodor Kudlich, Dorothee Rogoll, Michael Scheurlen, Wolfgang Scheppach, Andrej Hasilik
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The evascularization of cells is an important step in defense reactions and the spreading of metastases. During inflammation, the endothelium of the affected tissue becomes activated and interacts with cells bearing cognate structures such as sialyl Lewis X (sLex) substances. In this study, we present the sLex-antagonist hLysII/IV-FUCTVI by which a significant inhibition of adhesion is achieved at 1ng/ml (0.07 nM), making it the most potent known inhibitors of adhesion described to date. In our study we overexpressed the glycosylated human lysozyme mutant hLysII/IV in CHO cells stably expressing fucosyltransferases FUCIII, IV, V, VI, or VII. Digestional analysis with endo- and exoglycosidases showed that hLysII/IV-FUCTVI contains predominantly biantennary complex N-glycans with a variable number of lactosamine repeats; these were terminally sialylated and fucosylated, suggesting the presence of the sLex antigen. In contrast, hLysII/IV-FUCTIII and IV were not terminally sialylated and hLysII/IV-FUCV and VII were not terminally fucosylated. In a static adhesion assay, binding of U937 to activated HUVEC cells was exclusively blocked in the presence of medium supernatant containing hLysII/IV-FUCTVI and by affinity-purified hLysII/IV-FUCTVI. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5179. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5179
Risk of otitis externa after swimming in recreational fresh water lakes containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: I. A van Asperen, C. M de Rover, J. F Schijven, S. B. Oetomo, J. F P Schellekens, N. J van Leeuwen, C. Colle, A. H Havelaar, D. Kromhout, M. W J Sprenger
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Objective: To determine whether an outbreak of otitis externa was due to bathing in recreational fresh water lakes and to establish whether the outbreak was caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the water. Design: Matched case-control study. Setting: The Achterhoek area, the Netherlands. Subjects: 98 cases with otitis externa and 149 controls matched for age, sex, and place of residence. Main outcome measures: Odds ratios for type of swimming water and frequency of swimming; presence of P aeruginosa in ear swabs and fresh water lakes. Results: Otitis externa was strongly associated with swimming in recreational fresh water lakes in the previous two weeks (odds ratio 15.5 (95% confidence interval) 4.9 to 49.2) compared with non-swimming). The risk increased with the number of days of swimming, and subjects with recurrent ear disease had a greatly increased risk. The lakes met the Dutch bathing water standards and those set by the European Commission for faecal pollution in the summer of 1994, but P aeruginosa was isolated from all of them, as well as from the ear swabs of 78 (83%) of the cases and 3 (4%) of the controls. Conclusions: Even when current bathing water standards are met, swimming can be associated with a substantial risk of otitis externa because of exposure to P aeruginosa. People with recurrent ear disease should take special care when swimming in waters containing P aeruginosa.