tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recognition of the Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome on MDP SPECT CT
Authors: Nicola J. R. Mulholland, Gopinath Gnanasegaran, Hosahalli K. Mohan, Sanjay Vijayanathan, Susan E. M. Clarke, Ignac Fogelman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

The femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) is becoming increasingly recognized as a cause of intermittent hip or groin pain in physically active young adults (ie, 4th to 5th decades), which leads to early osteoarthritis. Repeated microtrauma from impingement of the femoral neck against the acetabulum occurs in those with predisposing hip geometries. Early diagnosis of this condition allows appropriate management, aimed at reducing the need for total hip replacement. This case demonstrates that FAI may be appreciated on SPECT CT MDP bone scanning.
Judge rules that naming expert witnesses in care cases is in public interest
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A senior UK judge has rejected arguments from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health that doctors who provided reports and gave evidence in a family court care case should have their identities concealed to protect them from vilification, harassment, and targeting.

In a judgment expected to set a precedent for future cases Lord Justice Munby ruled that the public interest in knowing the names of experts giving evidence in the family courts outweighed any risk of targeting or harassment of professionals or of their refusing to undertake child protection work.

Three doctors who were expert witnesses in a care case in Cambridgeshire told the court that they had agreed to help only on the understanding that their identities would …
Purulent Meningitis of Newborn Infants
Authors: Robert V. Groover, James M. Sutherland, Benjamin H. Landing
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

BACTERIAL meningitis in the newborn infant is a formidable problem: the prognosis is little better today than thirty years ago, despite modern chemotherapeutic agents. This is alarming, for bacterial meningitis is seen more often in the first month than at any other time in life.1 Although neonatal meningitis comprises only 0.5 to 4.0 per cent of unselected autopsy material2 3 4 the problem deserves intensive study to reduce the high morbidity and mortality of a potentially curable disease. In the present study the experience with neonatal meningitis at the Children's Hospital of Cincinnati and the Cincinnati General Hospital over eleven years of . . .
Abstract 4119: Cytoplasmic location of CXCR4 is correlated to loss of EMT marker and activation of downstream signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yuxiang Wang, Donghai Huang, Hongpeng Fu, Dongsheng Wang, Lydia Koenig, Fadlo R. Khuri, Dong M. Shin, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy initially proved to be effective in some lung cancer patients, emerging resistance to EGFR- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) became an urgent issue to solve. Some research has shown that cancer cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI, though the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Our preliminary study in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines showed that G-protein coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 could activate both p-AKT and p-ERK pathways, which have been reported to induce EMT. In this study, we hypothesize that CXCR4 may be an alternative route for cancer cells to bypass EGFR to activate the downstream pathway under an EMT phenotype. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expressions of CXCR4, p-AKT, p-ERK, and E-cadherin in 94 clinical NSCLC samples and a weighted index (WI = % expression x intensity score) was used to quantify the expression level of these markers. Western blot was used to detect the expression of CXCR4 and activation of its downstream pathways in NSCLC cell lines. Results: CXCR4 was detected in 98.9% (93/94) of lung cancer samples, however, of greater interest were the 3 distinctive expression patterns for CXCR4 including cytoplasmic, nuclear, and cytoplasmic/nuclear expressions. Since it seems unreasonable to see a transmembrane receptor located in nuclei, we confirmed nuclear localization of CXCR4 by western blot using nuclear extractions from NSCLC cell lines. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation of different locations of CXCR4 with p-AKT, p-ERK, and E-cadherin by ANOVA statistical analysis. The result showed the expression level of p-AKT and p-ERK are both significantly higher (p=0.004 and p=0.014, respectively) in CXCR4 cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic/nuclear localization groups than those in CXCR4 nuclear localization group. The expression level of E-cadherin in the CXCR4 cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic/nuclear localization groups was also significantly lower (p=0.021) than that in CXCR4 nuclear staining group. Conclusions: Our data suggested that cytoplasmic CXCR4 may contribute to activation of AKT and ERK signaling pathways under EMT, while nuclear localization of CXCR4 may be an inactive form. The functional cytoplasmic CXCR4 may contribute to EGFR-TKI resistance by offering an alternative pathway for tumors to maintain progression. (Supported by grants from NIH R21 CA125062, DOD W81XWH-07-1-0306 Project 5 to ZGC, and GCC Distinguished Scholar Award to ZGC and DMS). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4119.
The Lipid Hypothesis
Authors: HILLARY NEWLAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 December 1976The Lipid HypothesisHILLARY NEWLAND, M.D.HILLARY NEWLAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-6-826_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I agree with Doctor Ahrens that no diet or drug studies have reduced cholesterol by 15% (1), but I do not agree that the lipid hypothesis is still viable. As stated by Corday and Corday (2) in their recent review of the subject, the time has come to face the facts. The lipid hypothesis—that lipids cause arterial disease and that lowering lipids will decrease arterial disease—is no longer viable and should be recognized as such. I am not disparaging the great amount of work done on the problem but, rather, saying it is time to accept that...References1. AHRENS E: The management of hyperlipidemia: whether, rather than how. Ann Intern Med 85:87-93, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. CORDAYCORDAY ES: Prevention of heart disease by control of risk factors: the time has come to face the facts. Am J Cardiol 35:330-333, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MITCHELLSCHWARTZ JC: Arterial Disease. Philadelphia F. A. Davis Company 1965 Google Scholar4. NEWLAND H: Hyperuricemia in coronary, cerebral and peripheral arterial disease: an explanation. Med Hypotheses 1:152-155, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Diagnostic Services Professional Association Lancaster, NH 03584 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySqualene monooxygenase – a target for hypercholesterolemic therapySqualene monooxygenase - a target for hypercholesterolemic therapySulfinpyrazone Does Not Affect LipoproteinsOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO IONISING RADIATIONANTITHROMBOTIC EFFECT OF SULPHINPYRAZONE 1 December 1976Volume 85, Issue 6Page: 826-826KeywordsCholesterolDietDrugsLipids Issue Published: 1 December 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Developments in Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Zachary. T Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This is the second in a series of articles on presentations at the American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, California, 10–14 June 2005.

Alan Cherrington (Nashville, TN) gave the President’s Address at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Annual Meeting, reviewing some of the progress, and lack thereof, occurring over the past 2 decades. In 1985, there were 6.4 million adults with diagnosed diabetes. The National Institutes of Health invested <$200 million in diabetes research. Human insulin had just become available, and the only oral agents were the sulfonylureas. Home blood glucose monitoring and insulin pump technology were in their “infancy.” Pancreas transplantation had met with little success, with a 25% surgical mortality. Only 30% of patients were insulin independent for ≥1 year, and islet transplants were unsuccessful. The genetic bases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes were unknown, triggers for disease onset were unknown, mechanisms of insulin action were not understood, diabetes prevention was nonexistent, and the team approach to diabetes treatment had just begun.

Now there has been an alarming increase in diabetes across the country, with the U.S. in 2003 having 13.8 million people with diagnosed and 5 million with undiagnosed diabetes, as well as 41 million pre-diabetic individuals. The prevalence of diabetes increased virtually every year since 1990, due to population changes, particularly with an increase in diabetes in minorities, increased awareness and detection of diabetes, a change in diagnostic criteria, a reduction in macro- and microvascular complications with attendant increase in life expectancy of diabetes, further increasing the number of individuals and, most important, a tremendous increase in obesity, causing insulin resistance and hence diabetes. The cost of the disease was $92 billion, and the investment in research was somewhat under $800 million in 2002; Cherrington pointed out that spending ∼1% on research is …
Extreme Sensitivity to Insulin
Authors: A. I. Roith
Journal: BMJ (1954)

All such acute cases of gynaecological disease as are pre- dominantly from Helsinki or its immediate vicinity-for example, abortions and extrauterine pregnancies-were ex- cluded.We also used for control purposes the data published by Streng and Ryti (1927) regarding blood-group distribution in the general population of Finland.Table II compares our results with the data obtained by Streng and Ryti.
A Piece of Her Heart
Authors: Richard C. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with fascination and sorrow the article by Dr Sontag<sup>1</sup>in a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>. His approach to the care of his patient and his humanity are an example to us all. I would, however, be curious to know if the professional review organization in his area and the Health Care Financing Administration of the Department of Health and Human Services thought that his patient met the severity of illness criteria for admission into the hospital and if his and his intern's approach to the patient met the intensity of service levels required to permit the patient to stay in the hospital. In Tennessee, we would have had notification from our "quality assurance" people that this patient did not need to be in the hospital—backing up the opinions of the resident and the medical student. I suspect that the powers over our medical care
Breast feeding and acute appendicitis
Authors: A. Pisacane, U. de Luca, N. Impagliazzo, M. Russo, C. De Caprio, G. Caracciolo
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Acute appendicitis is the commonest reason for abdominal surgery in many countries, but its cause is unknown.1 The hygiene hypothesis attributes the rise in appendicitis that occurred in the United Kingdom at the beginning of this century to improvements in sewage disposal and water supplies in the late 19th century.2 These improvements in hygiene greatly reduced the exposure of infants to enteric organisms that programme the immune system of the gut, thereby rendering the bowel more susceptible to triggering infection later in life. Knowledge about risk factors for appendicitis is, however, poor, and the roles of diet,3 housing, and amenities …
Haemoperfusion for theophylline overdose.
Authors: D B Jefferys, S M Raper, M Helliwell, D J Berry, P Crome
Journal: BMJ (1980)

plexes suggests their responsibility in the recurrence of pulmonary haemorrhage.The origin and nature of these immune complexes remain unknown.They may be composed of basal membrane antigens and the corres- ponding antibodies or they may result from an intercurrent immuno- logical attack of some sort.Our findings emphasise the importance of assaying for immune complexes in patients with Goodpasture's syndrome who suffer recurrences of pulmonary haemorrhages.We thank Madeleine Delauche for the technical help and Mich8le Duquenoy for secretarial help.
US mammography rates may be falling
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Rates of mammography in the United States may be falling, a new study shows. Rates fell from 70% to 66% between 2000 and 2005, and the researchers say that this may explain some of the apparent recent decline in the incidence of breast cancer ( Cancer 2007 May 14 doi: 10.1002/cncr.22723).

Possible reasons for the decline in mammography include an increase in the number of women who do not have health insurance, reduced perceived risk because of reports of decreasing mortality from the disease, and a lack of emphasis on mammography in health promotion campaigns. …
Localized Hyperthermia Combined with Intratumoral Dendritic Cells Induces Systemic Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Arunika Mukhopadhaya, Joseph Mendecki, Xinyuan Dong, Laibin Liu, Shalom Kalnicki, Madhur Garg, Alan Alfieri, Chandan Guha
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Prostate adenocarcinoma, treated with localized tumor hyperthermia (LTH), can potentially serve as a source of tumor antigen, where dying apoptotic/necrotic cells release tumor peptides slowly over time. In addition, LTH-treated cells can release heat shock proteins that can chaperone antigenic peptides to antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells. We attempted to discern whether sequential LTH and intratumoral dendritic cell and/or systemic granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) would activate antitumor immune response in a syngeneic murine model of prostate cancer (RM-1). Palpable RM-1 tumors, grown in the distal appendage of C57BL/6 male mice, were subjected to LTH (43.7°C for 1 h) × 2, separated by 5 days. Following the second LTH treatment, animals received either PBS or dendritic cells (2 × 106) intratumorally (every 3 days for three injections). Separate cohorts also received i.v. injection of recombinant adenovirus-expressing murine GM-CSF (AdGMCSF), 1 day after LTH. Control animals received AdenoLacZ or AdenoGFP. Intratumoral dendritic cell injection induced tumor-specific T-helper cell activity (IFNγ ELISPOTS) and CTL activity, which was further augmented by AdGMCSF, indicating amplification of tumor-specific TH1 immunity. The combination of LTH, AdGMCSF, and intratumoral dendritic cell injection resulted in significant tumor growth delays when compared with animal cohorts that received LTH alone. These results support an in situ autovaccination strategy where systemic administration of GM-CSF and/or intratumoral injection of autologous dendritic cells, when combined with LTH, could be an effective treatment for local and systemic recurrence of prostate cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7798–806]
An alternative to the diagnostic dilatation and curettage--endometrial cytology.
Authors: D W Polson, A Morse, R W Beard
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Endometrial aspiration cytology has been shown by multicentre prospective studies to be an acceptable and valuable method of assessing the endometrium. A retrospective study was undertaken over three years' routine use of the Isaacs cell sampler. In 86% of the cases suitable endometrium was obtained, with experience of the technique being the important factor. When compared with histological findings, all 11 cases of malignancy were confirmed, including one ovarian adenocarcinoma. Of the cytological reports of endometrial hyperplasia, 78% were confirmed by the histological findings, with the remainder showing minor degrees of cystic hyperplasia or normal endometrium. In no case was a more abnormal lesion present on histological examination than had been suggested by cytological findings. The use of progestogens in reversing hyperplasia is seen to be effective, though the long term benefit remains uncertain. It is concluded that with an experienced cytologist, Isaacs endometrial aspiration should be used routinely for the primary investigation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and postmenopausal bleeding.
Exposure to Hexachlorobenzene during Pregnancy and Children’s Social Behavior at 4 Years of Age
Authors: Núria Ribas-Fitó, Maties Torrent, Daniel Carrizo, Jordi Júlvez, Joan O. Grimalt, Jordi Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundHexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine chemical that has been used in agriculture and industrial processes. Behavioral impairment after HCB exposure has been described in animal models, but little information is available in humans.Objectives Our goal was to study the association of prenatal exposure to HCB with the social behavior of preschool children.MethodsTwo birth cohorts in Ribera d'Ebre and Menorca (Spain) were set up between 1997 and 1999 (n = 475). The California Preschool Social Competence Scale and the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were scored by each 4-year-old child's teacher. Organochlorine compounds were measured in cord serum. Children's diet and parental sociodemographic information were obtained through questionnaire.ResultsChildren with concentrations of HCB > 1.5 ng/mL at birth had a statistically significant increased risk of having poor Social Competence [relative risk (RR) = 4.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.76–9.58] and ADHD (RR = 2.71; 95% CI, 1.05–6.96) scores. No association was found between HCB and the cognitive and psychomotor performance of these children.ConclusionsPrenatal exposure to current concentrations of HCB in Spain is associated with a decrease in the behavioral competence at preschool ages. These results should be considered when evaluating the potential neurotoxicologic effects of HCB.
Solid dispersion in the development of a nimodipine delayed-release tablet formulation
Authors: Yang Zhao, Tiegang Xin, Tiantian Ye, Xinggang Yang, Weisan Pan
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)

Nimodipine (NMD) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker with selectivity for cerebral blood vessels and the major therapeutic indication of NMD is for the prevention and treatment of delayed ischemic neurological disorders and other cerebrovascular disorders, such as stroke which is associated with biological rhythm. This study was mainly designed to solve the drawback of conventional NMD solid dosage form, low bioavailability and limited clinical efficacy, by preparing enteric solid dispersion (SD) and the SD was prepared via melting method. The physical state of the dispersed NMD in the polymer matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and dissolution studies. Compared with pure drug and physical mixture, the dissolution of NMD-SD was enhanced dramatically (about 80%). Furthermore, in consideration of the biological rhythm of stroke, we first obtained a delayed-release tablet containing NMD-SD by a direct powder compression method. As shown in the dissolution studies, the tablet released less than 10% in the artificial gastric acid in the initial 2 h and released 32.1%, 75%, more than 90% at 4, 10 and 14 h respectively in the artificial intestinal fluid. This investigation has solved the problems of oral solid dosage forms of NMD, and it has the good industry prospect.
Lesson of the week: Delayed closure of injuries to the hand caused by blasts helps to preserve function
Authors: I Grant
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A regular review of the long term follow up of depression J AngstDepression is a common and disabling psychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence in the community estimated at 17%. 1 Outcome studies show that depressive disorders often recur and may become chronic in up to 25% of patients.For these patients the issue is whether they can reasonably expect to recover completely, while the challenge for clinicians is to recognise the course of the disorder and to manage it appropriately.I have reviewed data from long term outcome studies to clarify the issues surrounding recovery from depression and to help identify appropriate management.Studies were selected from a literature search of the full Medline database (1966 to date) and my own collection of publications.
Methadone is no panacea
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2012)

When I was young, I drank to get wrecked. In the hospitals in the 1980s and 1990s, I witnessed the complications of heroin addiction: amputations, gangrene, endocarditis, sepsis, hepatitis, and HIV. A stream of ambulances spilt half dead overdosers onto accident and emergency trolleys. There was no drug for opioid substitution—for example, methadone—so addicts had to “take the rattle.” Many patients took irregular discharge while acutely unwell. But they were just junkies, and the sheer scale of the problems blunted me to the suffering and the deaths. It was the same when working …
Preoperative Evaluation of Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Cancer Using a 15-MHz Ultrasound Miniprobe
Authors: N. Harada, S. Hamada, H. Kubo, S. Oda, Y. Chijiiwa, T. Kabemura, A. Maruoka, K. Akahoshi, T. Yao, H. Nawata
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Recently, it was reported that focal submucosal invasive colorectal cancer could be treated by polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) because of the rarity of lymph-node metastasis. Our objective was to examine the accuracy and efficacy of a 15-MHz ultrasound miniprobe in the preoperative evaluation of the degree of submucosal invasion in colorectal cancer.A total of 35 patients with submucosal invasive colorectal cancer who underwent ultrasonography with a miniprobe were studied prospectively. The results of this imaging were compared with the histologic findings in resected specimens.Although the accuracy of the miniprobe in categorizing submucosal invasion into three subclasses (SM1, invasion limited to the upper third; SM2, limited to the middle third; SM3, limited to the lower third) was low (37.1%; 13/35), the accuracy in differentiation between < or = SMI (M and SMI) and > or = SM2 (SM2, SM3, MP, and S) was 85.7 % (30/35).The miniprobe can be useful for therapeutic decision-making in submucosal invasive colorectal cancer.
Portal fibrosis in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: P.M.J.G. Peeters, E. Sieders, M. vd Heuvel, C.M.A. Bijleveld, K.P. de Jong, R.J. Porte, E.M. Ten Vergert, M.J.H. Slooff, A.S.H. Gouw
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)