tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Applied Proteomics
Authors: Mary F. Lopez, Simon Melov
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

The identification of a majority of the polypeptides in mitochondria would be invaluable because they play crucial and diverse roles in many cellular processes and diseases. The endogenous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major limiter of life as illustrated by studies in which the transgenic overexpression in invertebrates of catalytic antioxidant enzymes results in increased lifespans. Mitochondria have received considerable attention as a principal source—and target—of ROS. Mitochondrial oxidative stress has been implicated in heart disease including myocardial preconditioning, ischemia/reperfusion, and other pathologies. In addition, oxidative stress in the mitochondria is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, prion diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as well as aging itself. The rapidly emerging field of proteomics can provide powerful strategies for the characterization of mitochondrial proteins. Current approaches to mitochondrial proteomics include the creation of detailed catalogues of the protein components in a single sample or the identification of differentially expressed proteins in diseased or physiologically altered samples versus a reference control. It is clear that for any proteomics approach prefractionation of complex protein mixtures is essential to facilitate the identification of low-abundance proteins because the dynamic range of protein abundance within cells has been estimated to be as high as 10 7 . The opportunities for identification of proteins directly involved in diseases associated with or caused by mitochondrial dysfunction are compelling. Future efforts will focus on linking genomic array information to actual protein levels in mitochondria.
GAO: Demand for Caregiver Support Far Greater Than VA Expected
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ON THE USE OF A SLEEVE OF VEIN IN NERVE SUTURE
Authors: A. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1915)

=NH group the first reaction almost alwavs consists in tlle replacement ef lhydrogen by chlorine with formiation of substances of the group known as clhloramines.All pro- tein substances containi an abundlance of these groups, pnd they readily react withl lhypoclilorites: Rl\ R' \NH + HCIO = \NC1 + H20 R2/ R.a/
Potential Health and Economic Impact of Adding a Human Papillomavirus Vaccine to Screening Programs
Authors: Shalini L. Kulasingam
Journal: JAMA (2003)

ContextRecently published results suggest that effective vaccines against cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) may become available within the next decade.Objective To examine the potential health and economic effects of an HPV vaccine in a setting of existing screening. Design, Setting, and PopulationA Markov model was used to estimate the lifetime (age 12-85 years) costs and life expectancy of a hypothetical cohort of women screened for cervical cancer in the United States.Three strategies were compared: (1) vaccination only; (2) conventional cytological screening only; and (3) vaccination followed by screening.Two of the strategies incorporated a vaccine targeted against a defined proportion of high-risk (oncogenic) HPV types.Screening intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 5 years and starting ages for screening of 18, 22, 24, 26, and 30 years were chosen for 2 of the strategies (conventional cytological screening only and vaccination followed by screening). Main Outcome MeasuresIncremental cost per life-year gained. ResultsVaccination only or adding vaccination to screening conducted every 3 and 5 years was not cost-effective.However, at more frequent screening intervals, strategies combining vaccination and screening were preferred.Vaccination plus biennial screening delayed until age 24 years had the most attractive cost-effectiveness ratio ($44889) compared with screening only beginning at age 18 years and conducted every 3 years.However, the strategy of vaccination with annual screening beginning at age 18 years had the largest overall reduction in cancer incidence and mortality at a cost of $236250 per life-year gained compared with vaccination and annual screening beginning at age 22 years.The cost-effectiveness of vaccination plus delayed screening was highly sensitive to age of vaccination, duration of vaccine efficacy, and cost of vaccination.Conclusions Vaccination for HPV in combination with screening can be a costeffective health intervention, but it depends on maintaining effectiveness during the ages of peak oncogenic HPV incidence.Identifying the optimal age for vaccination should be a top research priority.
Book Review Management of the Perimenopause (Practical Pathways in Obstetrics and Gynecology.) Edited by James H. Liu and Margery L.S. Gass. 531 pp., illustrated. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2006. $62.95. 978-0-07-142281-9
Authors: Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Technology in Paralympic sport: performance enhancement or essential for performance?
Authors: Brendan Burkett
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

People with disabilities often depend on assistive devices to enable activities of daily living as well as to compete in sport. Technological developments in sport can be controversial.To review, identify and describe current technological developments in assistive devices used in the summer Paralympic Games; and to prepare for the London 2012 Games, the future challenges and the role of technology are debated.A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature and personal observations of technological developments at the Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008) Paralympic Games was conducted.Standard assistive devices can inhibit the Paralympians' abilities to perform the strenuous activities of their sports. Although many Paralympic sports only require technology similar to their Olympic counterparts, several unique technological modifications have been made in prosthetic and wheelchair devices. Technology is essential for the Paralympic athlete, and the potential technological advantage for a Paralympian, when competing against an Olympian, is unclear.Technology must match the individual requirements of the athlete with the sport in order for Paralympians to safely maximise their performance. Within the 'performance enhancement or essential for performance?' debate, any potential increase in mechanical performance from an assistive device must be considered holistically with the compensatory consequences the disability creates. To avoid potential technology controversies at the 2012 London Olympic and Paralympic Games, the role of technology in sport must be clarified.
Abstract 11403: Medical Device Recalls in the U.S
Authors: John C Somberg, Pauline McEwen, Sanjib Basu, Paul N Danese, Janos Molnar
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background. Recently the Medical Device Approval Process in the U.S. has been questioned and the expedited 5,10(K) process felt to be a poor testing process being a source of increased recalls. Met...
FOXO1 in the ventromedial hypothalamus regulates energy balance
Authors: Ki Woo Kim, Jose Donato, Eric D. Berglund, Yun-Hee Choi, Daisuke Kohno, Carol F. Elias, Ronald A. DePinho, Joel K. Elmquist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

The transcription factor FOXO1 plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis by regulating leptin and insulin activity in many cell types, including neurons. However, the neurons mediating these effects and the identity of the molecular targets through which FOXO1 regulates metabolism remain to be defined. Here, we show that the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) is a key site of FOXO1 action. We found that mice lacking FOXO1 in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) neurons of the VMH are lean due to increased energy expenditure. The mice also failed to appropriately suppress energy expenditure in response to fasting. Furthermore, these mice displayed improved glucose tolerance due to increased insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and heart. Gene expression profiling and sequence analysis revealed several pathways regulated by FOXO1. In addition, we identified the nuclear receptor SF-1 as a direct FOXO1 transcriptional target in the VMH. Collectively, our data suggest that the transcriptional networks modulated by FOXO1 in VMH neurons are key components in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis.
Multiple-Organism Septicemia and Carcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Vincent Garbitelli
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several reports of cases of<i>Streptococcus bovis</i>septicemia and endocarditis and carcinoma of the colon exist.<sup>1,2</sup>The gastrointestinal tract lesions associated with S bovis included benign polyps, diverticulosis, and a gastric lymphoma. Approximately half had no evidence of endocarditis.<sup>1</sup>There is also a case report of S<i>bovis</i>endocarditis and pancreatic neoplasm.<sup>3</sup>The following case reports multiple-species septicemia associated with carcinoma of the colon. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 66-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease treated with digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, and propranolol hydrochloride, 80 mg daily, entered the Nassau Hospital, Mineola, NY, with chest pain, weakness, and nausea of less than 12 hours' duration. A choledochoduodenostomy for a common duct stone had been performed six years earlier. The patient was admitted to the cardiac care unit to rule out a myocardial infarction. The initial ECG and chest x-ray film were
Brief Report: A Phase II Study of Sunitinib in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. The NCIC Clinical Trials Group
Authors: Scott A. Laurie, Ashish Gupta, Quincy Chu, Christopher W. Lee, Wojciech Morzycki, Ronald Feld, Alison H. Foo, Jean Seely, John R. Goffin, Francis Laberge, Nevin Murray, Sanjay Rao, Garth Nicholas, Janessa Laskin, Tony Reiman, Delia Sauciuc, Lesley Seymour
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Prediction of Adverse Outcomes in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Scott T. Miller, Lynn A. Sleeper, Charles H. Pegelow, Laura E. Enos, Winfred C. Wang, Steven J. Weiner, Doris L. Wethers, Jeanne Smith, Thomas R. Kinney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The ability to identify infants with sickle cell anemia who are likely to have severe complications later in life would permit accurate prognostication and tailoring of therapy to match disease-related risks and facilitate planning of clinical trials. We attempted to define the features of such babies by following the clinical course of 392 children with sickle cell disease from infancy to about the age of 10 years.
CHANGES IN BLOOD FLOW, BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIAC RATE ASSOCIATED WITH ELECTROCONVULSIVE SHOCK
Authors: MARJORIE L. BROWN, GEORGE W. BROWN, H. M. HINES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

The immediate effects of ECS on the carotid blood flow, arterial pressure, and cardiac rate were recorded in experiments on a series of 16 unanesthetized dogs. The shock stimulus in terms of milliamperage, voltage, and duration of the electrical current were also recorded. Blood flow was measured continuously by the use of an electromagnetic blood flow meter. Blood pressure was measured directly and continuously in the femoral artery through the use of a Statham Gage-Brush recorder system. All operative procedure was carried out under general ether and/or local procaine anesthesia. The initial responses to ECS were convulsions, respiratory arrest, bradycardia, and reduced carotid blood flow and arterial pressure; the latter 3 responses had a duration of one second. The bradycardia could be prevented by vagotomy. The initial decrement in these entities was followed by a prolonged secondary increase above control levels. Blood flow and arterial pressure reached their highest elevations concomitantly and then, while the convulsions continued and respiration was resumed, they began a gradual decline, until at 10 and 5 minutes, respectively, a majority of the 16 animals had returned to control levels of blood flow and arterial pressure. Cardiac rate did not reach a peak until the respiratory arrest and convulsions had ceased; the peak value was maintained for several seconds followed by a gradual return to control level that was attained by about 5 minutes postshock. This study offers indirect evidence against the concept that the therapeutic effects of electroconvulsive therapy are due to cerebral ischemia resulting from widespread cerebral vasoconstriction. Changes in blood flow in the carotid artery of dogs appear to be a passive response to marked changes in systemic pressure. Whereas convulsions may augment the cardiovascular changes subsequent to electroshock, these changes are independent of the convulsions, per se, since the same patterns of response occur in subconvulsive electroshock. The significance of these cardiovascular changes in ECT has yet to be determined.
The Relation of the Sex of Offspring to the Time of Coitus during the Oestrous Cycle
Authors: F. A. E. Crew
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THLi:E are many who hold the opinion that in the case of the human as well as in other animals, the length of time which elapses between the extrusion of the ovum from the Dvary and its fertilization by the sperm is a decisive factor in. determining the sex of the resulting individual.This htypothesis was elaborated at length by Thury (1863, 1864), who mainitained that an ovum when first extruded was female in respect of its potentialities, but that at somiie point during its passage along the genital tract it became iale.Fertilization immediately after ovulation yielded a, female, fertilization some time later yielded a male, anld fertilization at points between,these timies resulted in the production of intersexual forms.Thury, applying this hypothesis to the problems of practical animal breeding, ivas able to clai'm that,'in the case di cattle, service during the carlier phases of oestirus yielded a preponderance of heifer calves, whereas service towards tlihe end of oestrus resulted in the production of an excess of males.Thury's hypotlhesis was accepted and endorsed by Baust (1871), Guiard (1003), a'nd Bell (1914).But it is reasonable to
Abstract 474: The essential role of Giα2 in prostate cancer progression
Authors: Miao Zhong, Shineka Clarke, Shafiq A. Khan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Basic and clinic research data have suggested that signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is amplified in malignant prostate tumors and facilitates the transition of primary cancer cells to the androgen independent stage. Oxytocin (OXT) is a neurohypophyseal peptide hormone that regulates normal prostate functions. However, the information is very limited about the effect of OXT on prostate cancer progression. The effect of OXT is mediated by a GPCR that promiscuously activates multiple G-proteins including Gqα and Giα. Recently, we have shown that OXT receptor (OXTR) is the primary target of OXT in androgen independent prostate cancer cell lines (DU145 and PC3). Moreover, activated OXTR has been shown to promote migration of PC3 cells via a pertussis toxin (PTx) sensitive Gi/o-protein dependent mechanism. In the present study, OXTR was shown to be increased in advanced prostate cancer tissues when compared with normal prostate tissues. Expression of OXTR protein is detected in DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines but not in the immortalized prostate epithelial cells (RWPE1). OXT treatment (100 nM) inhibited the foskolin (5 µM) induced cAMP accumulation in PC3 cells, as indicated by the cAMP luciferase reporter assay. This data has provided direct evidence that supports the involvement of Giα in the OXTR signaling in PC3 cells. There was no difference in expression of Giα isoforms (Giα1-3) at the mRNA level between normal (PrEC, RWPE1 and RWPE2) and prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, DU145, PC3, and PC3M). However, western blot analysis showed that Giα2 is the only Giα family member detectable in PC3 cells. PTx (100 ng/ml) has been shown to abolish the OXT-induced migration of PC3 cells. Overexpression of PTx resistant Giα2, but not wild type Giα2, restored the effect of OXT in PTx pretreated PC3 cells. Accordingly, genetic silencing of Giα2 expression by siRNA eliminated the OXT-induced migration of PC3 cells. Unexpectedly, knock down Giα2 also inhibited the EGF (3 ng/ml) induce migration of PC3 and DU145 cells. In conclusion, Giα2 may play an essential role in prostate cancer metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 474. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-474
Etude pilote de l'évolution de la capnie lors des cholangiopancréatografies rétrogrades endoscopiques (CPRE) avec insufflation de CO2
Authors: B Napoléon, I Mohammedi, F Fumex, F Mignot, C Lefort, D Bérard, J Fumex, N Courbon, P Artru, J Desramé
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: L'insufflation de CO2 à la place de l'air parait prometteuse lors des procédures endoscopiques. Du fait de sa réabsorption digestive et de son élimination par voie respiratoire le CO2 limite les ballonnements et diminue les douleurs post-procédurales. Cela pourrait être particulièrement intéressant durant les CPRE qui peuvent être longues. Cependant, la réabsorption du CO2 pourrait interférer avec la balance acido-basique, comme c'est le cas lors des coelioscopies. Quelques travaux réalisés hors de France ont analysé l'effet de l'insufflation de CO2 sur la mesure du CO2 expiré et n'ont pas mis en évidence de franche augmentation durant les CPRE. Cependant, ces études ont été réalisées chez des patients ayant une légère sédation mais en ventilation spontanée. Or cette dernière peut interférer avec la mesure du CO2 expiré et les résultats ne sont donc pas forcément reproductibles dans notre pratique où les patients sont le plus souvent intubés et ventilés.
Abstract 3509: Overexpression of 14-3-3γ contributes to chromosomal instability in human lung cancer
Authors: Cecil J. Gomes, Sara Centuori, Jesse D. Martinez
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths, and nearly all lung cancers exhibit genomic instability which results in an abnormal number of chromosomes known as aneuploidy. In many lung cancers, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to be aberrantly activated or suppressed, which implies that these proteins have potential roles in tumorigenesis. Our lab has demonstrated that over expression of one 14-3-3 family member, 14-3-3γ, in a non-small cell lung cancer cell line leads to an increase in the number of cells that exhibit polyploidy, suggesting that this 14-3-3 protein can disrupt normal chromosome segregation. Additionally, overexpression of 14-3-3γ leads to atypical DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Further evaluation of the polyploid population induced by overexpressing 14-3-3γ revealed that a majority of the cells were multinucleated, often with two or more nuclei of unequal size and morphology. Live cell microscopy shows that this nonlinear marked increase in nuclear content is due to unequal distribution of DNA to the daughter cells upon cellular division, promoting chromosomal instability. Our data indicates that 14-3-3γ may play an important role in maintaining normal diploidy, but when overexpressed, as seen in many lung cancers, can lead to increased levels of chromosomal instability and progression into aneuploidy. Citation Format: Cecil J. Gomes, Sara Centuori, Jesse D. Martinez. Overexpression of 14-3-3γ contributes to chromosomal instability in human lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3509. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3509
Enterobius in an Unusual Location
Authors: Paul Snow
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Enterobius vermicularis is a parasite occasionally seen by a surgical pathologist. The usual location of the worm, eggs, or both is the appendix or an anal biopsy specimen. We recently examined a surgical specimen from a 15-year-old girl with the parasitic infection in a most unusual place. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The patient complained of a mass in the vagina. From examination, her physician thought she probably had a bartholin gland abscess and treated her with antibiotics. The area did not heal, and the patient was referred to a surgeon. The surgeon felt what he thought was a cystic mass in the posterior part of the vagina. He brought the patient to the operating room for incision and drainage of the lesion. The pathology department received two pieces of irregular, smooth, orange tissue measuring 2 cm and 1 cm in diameter. Sectioning of the tissue showed it
Bacteriology of abscesses of the central nervous system: a multicentre prospective study.
Authors: J de Louvois, P Gortavai, R Hurley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Pus from 46 patients with abscesses of the central nervous system (CNS) was examined for bacteria; bacteria were found in all patients. Streptococci were isolated from 36 patients and most isolates were Streptococcus milleri, Lancefield Group F, Ottens and Winkler type O III. Staphylococci were isolated from nine patients, organisms of the bacteroides group from 11, Proteus spp from seven, Klebsiella aerogenes from one, and Haemophilus aphrophilus from one. Pure cultures predominated over mixed cultures. Streptococci were isolated from abscesses of all types, and at all sites, but members of the Enterobacteriaceae and of the bacteroides group were isolated, in mixed cultures, principally from abscesses of the temporal lobe secondary to infection of the middle ear. Staphylococci predominated in abscesses that followed accidental or surgical trauma. Compared with fully sensitive control organisms, microbes infecting half the patients were resistant to penicillin. The prognosis of abscess of the CNS is grave, and the microbiological findings have important consequences for treatment. Prompt inoculation of specimens to culture plates and prompt incubation are mandatory if bacteria are to be cultured. Inhibitors of antimicrobial agents should be added to culture media if antibiotics have been administered. Provided that the site of the abscess and the antecedent history are ascertainable, the neurosurgeon should be able to start appropriate treatment while awaiting the results of culture.