tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mental health legislation and decision making capacity: Autonomy in Alzheimer's disease is ignored and neglected
Authors: Robert Stewart
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Good quality monitoring is crucial for informed choiceEditor-In accordance with the patient choice scheme, all 303 primary care trusts in England were obliged from January 2005 to offer patients a choice of at least two providers for cataract surgery. 1 The scheme allows patients to be involved in how, where, and when they are treated.Providers can be NHS trusts, diagnostic and treatment centres, or independent sector providers from the UK or overseas.By February 2005 13 000 extra operations had already been performed under the independent sector treatment programme. 2However, concern was raised about variations in clinical safety between different providers. 3 We sent a postal questionnaire to the leaders of patient choice for each of the primary care trusts in England asking how they monitor the quality of care from their providers.The table shows the replies from 125 trusts.The quality monitoring of providers by primary care trusts is poorly structured and variable.Who then should monitor standards and what variables should they use?Traditionally, NHS providers have used audit and clinical governance to measure their performance.Should it now be the role of the Strategic Health Authority, the provider, or the purchaser in the form of primary care trusts to monitor the product offered to the patient?Information technology exists to collect accurate data about adverse events in addition to visual acuity and refractive outcomes.The public expect that safe cataract care should be commissioned for them, 4 and robust methods of monitoring need to be agreed and implemented so that patients can make a truly informed choice.These decisions need to be made not only for cataract surgery but also for other elective procedures that will increasingly be made available to patients through the patient choice scheme.
Treatment of newborn G6pc mice with bone marrow-derived myelomonocytes induces liver repair
Authors: Roberta Resaz, Laura Emionite, Cristina Vanni, Simonetta Astigiano, Maura Puppo, Rosa Lavieri, Daniela Segalerba, Annalisa Pezzolo, Maria Carla Bosco, Alessandra Oberto, Carola Eva, Janice Y. Chou, Luigi Varesio, Ottavia Barbieri, Alessandra Eva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Early Repair of Mechanical Complications After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dennis M. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I read, with interest and appreciation, the article entitled Early Repair of Mechanical Complications After Acute Myocardial Infarction by Nishimura et al. 1 The authors' emphasis on the need for aggressive medical and surgical management is appropriate, as I have had a similar experience at my institution.  Report of a Case.—  I recently encountered a 69-year-old man with acute pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock during an inferior myocardial infarction, in whom only a grade 2/6 systolic murmur was heard at the lower left sternal border. I delayed in the diagnosis of acute severe mitral regurgitation because of the absence of a v wave on his pulmonary artery occlusive tracing. During the subsequent catheterization of the left side of the heart, 4+ mitral regurgitation was found using a pigtail catheter in good position in the left ventricle. The left ventricular function on the left ventricular angiogram was surprisingly
Severe Hypo-α-Lipoproteinemia During Treatment With Rosiglitazone
Authors: Anita Sarker, Robert K. Semple, Sean F. Dinneen, Stephen O’Rahilly, Steven C. Martin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Thiazolidinedione drugs are in widespread use for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In addition to improving insulin sensitivity, they generally result in a modest elevation of plasma HDL cholesterol. We report three patients, all of whom had preexisting diabetic dyslipidemia, who showed a profound reduction in plasma HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI levels soon after the initiation of rosiglitazone therapy. In all three patients, HDL cholesterol levels returned to normal following drug withdrawal. The fact that this phenomenon was not seen in &amp;gt;1,400 patients studied in clinical trials indicates that it is likely to be rare and idiosyncratic. Until the frequency of this adverse reaction is clearer, it would seem advisable to ensure that plasma HDL cholesterol is documented before and rechecked after commencement of thiazolidinedione therapy.
PHS Program in Radiological Health
Authors: Donald R. Chadwick
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  A few errors crept into your otherwise excellent report ( 195 : adv p 41) of some of the findings in the Public Health Service's x-ray exposure study of the US population. One of these may well create a very serious misunderstanding of this study and of the PHS program in radiological health.  Your report states that Within the next year, PHS plans to announce recommended doses to specific body areas.... This is definitely not the case. The next phase of our investigations will translate the x-ray visits and procedures data of the present study into estimates of actual current exposures received by the US population. Obviously, it is not feasible for the PHS or anyone else to recommend overall doses to specific body areas in the population from the clinical use of x-ray films. The amount of x-ray exposure an individual patient receives is a function of necessary
P(HPMA)-block-P(LA) copolymers in paclitaxel formulations: Polylactide stereochemistry controls micellization, cellular uptake kinetics, intracellular localization and drug efficiency
Authors: Matthias Barz, Ana Armiñán, Fabiana Canal, Florian Wolf, Kaloian Koynov, Holger Frey, Rudolf Zentel, María J. Vicent
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Myeloid-derived suppressor cell development is regulated by a STAT/IRF-8 axis
Authors: Jeremy D. Waight, Colleen Netherby, Mary L. Hensen, Austin Miller, Qiang Hu, Song Liu, Paul N. Bogner, Matthew R. Farren, Kelvin P. Lee, Kebin Liu, Scott I. Abrams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) comprise immature myeloid populations produced in diverse pathologies, including neoplasia. Because MDSCs can impair antitumor immunity, these cells have emerged as a significant barrier to cancer therapy. Although much research has focused on how MDSCs promote tumor progression, it remains unclear how MDSCs develop and why the MDSC response is heavily granulocytic. Given that MDSCs are a manifestation of aberrant myelopoiesis, we hypothesized that MDSCs arise from perturbations in the regulation of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF-8), an integral transcriptional component of myeloid differentiation and lineage commitment. Overall, we demonstrated that (a) Irf8-deficient mice generated myeloid populations highly homologous to tumor-induced MDSCs with respect to phenotype, function, and gene expression profiles; (b) IRF-8 overexpression in mice attenuated MDSC accumulation and enhanced immunotherapeutic efficacy; (c) the MDSC-inducing factors G-CSF and GM-CSF facilitated IRF-8 downregulation via STAT3- and STAT5-dependent pathways; and (d) IRF-8 levels in MDSCs of breast cancer patients declined with increasing MDSC frequency, implicating IRF-8 as a negative regulator in human MDSC biology. Together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized role for IRF-8 expression in MDSC subset development, which may provide new avenues to target MDSCs in neoplasia.
Q-fever patients suffer from impaired health status long after the acute phase of the illness: Results from a 24-month cohort study
Authors: Joris A.F. van Loenhout, Jeannine L.A. Hautvast, Jan H. Vercoulen, Reinier P. Akkermans, Clementine J. Wijkmans, Koos van der Velden, W. John Paget
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Requirement of SH2-containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 for Paired Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B (PIR-B)–mediated Inhibitory Signal
Authors: Akito Maeda, Mari Kurosaki, Masao Ono, Toshiyuki Takai, Tomohiro Kurosaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B) (p91) molecule has been proposed to function as an inhibitory receptor in B cells and myeloid lineage cells. We demonstrate here that the cytoplasmic region of PIR-B is capable of inhibiting B cell activation. Mutational analysis of five cytoplasmic tyrosines indicate that tyrosine 771 in the motif VxYxxL plays the most crucial role in mediating the inhibitory signal. PIR-B–mediated inhibition was markedly reduced in the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 double-deficient DT40 B cells, whereas this inhibition was unaffected in the inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase SHIP-deficient cells. These data demonstrate that PIR-B can negatively regulate B cell receptor activation and that this PIR-B–mediated inhibition requires redundant functions of SHP-1 and SHP-2.
Significance of Solitary Spine Abnormalities on Technetium-99m Bone Imaging
Authors: PATRICK THIVOLLE, LUCIEN MATHIEU, PIERRE MATHIEU, MARC RAYNAL, SALAH-EDDINE BOUYOUCEF, JEAN DAMIDEAUX, ERIC VIGNON, MICHEL BERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Solitary abnormalities located within the spine from 75 bone images with Tc-99m MDP were reviewed. For the sake of convenience, patients were grouped in three classes of age: 15-50, 51-65, and 66-90 years. In 67 cases, the diagnosis was apparent from clinical studies, x-ray examinations, or biopsies. In eight cases, no diagnosis could be made. The maximum percentage of lesion sites were within the lumbar spine (45 cases). Metastatic lesions were the most common solitary abnormalities within the spine (29.3%). Osteoporosis was second (24%) with the maximum percentage in age group 66-99 years (83%) with a greater female predominance (67%).
Clinical Comments on Dysidrosis and its Morbid Anatomy
Authors: T. Fox
Journal: BMJ (1878)

hazardous.*To pass a saw into the knee-joint, and then to partially fill that cavity with bone detritus, and the oozing from cancelli, is a procedure whose innocence could only be proved by a goodly array of thoroughly ascertained cases.It must also leave behind a femoral joint-surface greatly altered, and provided with a peculiar shelf and sharp prominence, with which the tibia cannot possibly fit; therefore one would like some after-history concerning the reliability and use- fulness of the articulation.However, it is not my wish to criticise either of these very ingenious procedures, further than to show cause for the suggestion of a different operation, which, although performed in two stages, is less severe, and gives very excellent results.The fol- lowing case sets forth the method I have adopted.Kate L., aged 14, was admitted under my care into the Charing Cross Hospital on February 5th, 1878, in the hopes that a severe genu valgum of the left limb might be rectified.She is a healthy, but rot strongly constituted, child.The plate gives a fair idea of the condition of limb.This child was for certain reasons not photo-
Induction of Specific Th1 Responses and Suppression of IgE Antibody Formation and Airway Eosinophilia by Vaccination with Plasmid DNA Encoding Bla g 1.
Authors: T.J. Yoo, Y. Zhou, M. Ensell, J. Glickstein, M.H. Kermany, Q. Cai, C. Cai, J. Kim, P. Kim, W. Liu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Attempted Suicide in Psychiatric Outpatients with Concurrent Physical Illness
Authors: V.P. Kontaxakis, G.N. Christodoulou, V.G. Mavreas, B.J. Havaki-Kontaxaki
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Fifty outpatients with concurrent psychiatric and physical illness who were referred following a suicidal attempt to the Outpatient Psychiatric Department, University of Athens, during a period of 3 years (1979-1981) were compared with a random sample of 85 psychiatric outpatients without concurrent physical illness who had attempted suicide at the same time period. Attempters suffering from both mental and physical illness were more often of an older age, married, pensioners or housewifes, were living with their own family, were suffering from organic psychotic condition or major affective disorder (depressive type) and more frequently used violent methods for attempting suicide. Among attempters the commonest physical illnesses were neurological diseases (40%), cardiovascular diseases (26%) and cancer (10%).
Essential function for the kinase TAK1 in innate and adaptive immune responses
Authors: Shintaro Sato, Hideki Sanjo, Kiyoshi Takeda, Jun Ninomiya-Tsuji, Masahiro Yamamoto, Taro Kawai, Kunihiro Matsumoto, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Idiopathic Submucosal Hematoma of Esophagus Complicated by Dissecting Aneurysm, Followed-Up Endoscopically During Conservative Treatment
Authors: Y. Kise, R. Suzuki, H. Shimada, H. Tanaka, G. Oshiba, O. Chino, H. Makuuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Submucosal hematoma of the esophagus is encountered as a rare complication of endoscopic treatment for esophageal varices, but is seen more often with the increasing frequency of endoscopic applications. Idiopathic submucosal hematoma is a rarer event and in most cases sudden intense vomiting has been postulated as its cause. We report here the case of such a patient whose condition was complicated by a dissecting aneurysm. During conservative treatment, careful follow-up was required to differentiate the submucosal hematoma from an aorto-esophageal fistula.
Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, John E. Hokanson, Lisa Jensen, Todd MacKenzie, Gregory Kinney, Dana Dabelea, Robert H. Eckel, James Ehrlich, Satish Garg, Marian Rewers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs earlier in life and is more often fatal in people with type 1 diabetes. This excess risk seems to be higher than in those with type 2 diabetes and is poorly explained by conventional risk factors. The role of glycemic control is controversial and has not been previously addressed in a prospective manner using a reliable marker for subclinical CAD, such as coronary artery calcification (CAC), measured by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We measured CAC twice during an interval of 2.7 years in 109 men and women with type 1 diabetes (aged 22–50 years). Progression of CAC was found in 21 patients, based on change in the square root-transformed volume score. RESULTS—In multiple logistic regression, CAC progression was associated with baseline hyperglycemia (odds ratio [OR] 7.11, 95% CI 1.38–36.6, P = 0.02), adjusted for the presence of CAC at baseline (P = 0.01), duration of diabetes (P = 0.02), sex (P = 0.09), and age (P = 0.27). There was also a significant interactive effect of higher insulin dose and higher BMI (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS—In conclusion, in this young cohort with type 1 diabetes, suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c &amp;gt;7.5%) was a strong risk factor for progression of CAC. Insulin resistance may also play a role.
Teleology and Evolution
Authors: S. Haughton
Journal: BMJ (1871)

Another application of it is very importalnt, and that is its absorption through the skin.In many instances, it is desirable to bring out the action of the digitalis when the risk of disordering the stomach may act as a check, or even wlhen there is already great gastric disturbance.Here it may be used by either poultices of the leaves, or flannels soaked in the infusion, or a muixture of the tincture and water applied to the abdomen and thiglhs.Cases are given by Christison of such use of it.Trousseau relates a very initeresting case where very decided results were thus obtained (vol.i, chap.xxxv).Some cases were recently de-
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. A multidisciplinary study of eight cases
Authors: J. T. Jabbour
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Clinical, electroencephalographic, and other laboratory features and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) were studied in eight patients by the same group of investigators. The relatively high frequency of the disease within a small geographical area in a short period of time suggests that SSPE may be unusually common in the vicinity of Memphis. The delineation of four clinical stages of the disease, markedly elevated measles antibody titers in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, ultrastructural observation of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in neurons and neuroglia in three patients, and alteration of serum and CSF immunoglobulins indicate that the measles myxovirus may be the etiological agent in these patients.
Particle-mediated gene transfer with transforming growth factor-beta1 cDNAs enhances wound repair in rat skin.
Authors: S I Benn, J S Whitsitt, K N Broadley, L B Nanney, D Perkins, L He, M Patel, J R Morgan, W F Swain, J M Davidson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Based on preliminary but variable results with direct DNA transfer into wounds, we evaluated in vivo gene transfer by particle-mediated DNA delivery to rat skin to determine whether overexpression of TGF-beta1 at the site of skin incisions would result in a significant improvement in repair. Optimization of the method with viral promoter-luciferase reporter constructs indicated that expression of luciferase activity persisted up to 5 d and was promoter, pressure, and site dependent (ventral > dorsal). Using cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven human alpha1-antitrypsin, transgene expression was immunolocalized within keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum at 24 h. We measured tensile strength of skin incisions at 11-21 d in both normal and diabetic rats transfected with TGF-beta1 expression vectors at surgery. Native murine TGF-beta1 under an SV40 promoter produced positive effects, while wound strengthening was more pronounced in diabetic animals using a CMV-driven construct. Transfection of rat skin with constitutively active, mutant porcine TGF-beta1 under the control of the CMV and Moloney murine leukemia virus promoters significantly increased tensile strength up to 80% for 14-21 d after surgery. Transfection 24 h before surgery was more effective. Particle-mediated gene delivery can be used to deliver viral promoter-cytokine expression constructs into rat skin in a safe, efficient, and reproducible fashion. The extent of wound repair, as evidenced by enhanced tensile strength, can be markedly improved in tissues transfected with TGF-beta1 expression constructs.
Radionuclide Demonstrations of Adriamycininduced Cardiac Toxicity
Authors: STEVEN LANDGARTEN, RICK GORDON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A case is presented in which adriamycin toxicity was clinically suspected and confirmed through the use of 99mTc-pyrophosphate myocardial scanning. Additionally, the course of regression of this process also appeared to be confirmed by serial myocardial scanning. A possible use of this diagnostic technique in the evaluation of patients receiving adriamycin chemotherapy is suggested.
Management of venous leg ulcers
Authors: Deborah A Simon, Francis P Dix, Charles N McCollum
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Leg ulcers are a big problem for both patients and health service resources.1–3 Most ulcers are associated with venous disease, but other causes or contributing factors include immobility, obesity, trauma, arterial disease, vasculitis, diabetes, and neoplasia (box 1). In the United Kingdom, venous leg ulceration alone has been estimated to cost the NHS £400m ($720m; €600m) a year.1–3 Much of this cost is accounted for by community nursing services; district nurses spend up to half of their time caring for patients with ulcers.1 4

Most venous leg ulcers could be healed if patients were admitted to hospital for continuous leg elevation. Shortage of hospital beds, the high cost of inpatient care, and the need to maintain independence in this elderly population of patients mean that this once popular approach is now rarely practical.2 Furthermore, ulcers often recur when the patient returns home and resumes a lifestyle in which most of the day is spent with the legs in dependency.w1 Outpatient systems of care that maintain mobility and avoid the complications of bed rest are more cost effective and appropriate. Outpatient and community based care also maintain independence and quality of life.

Care for patients with leg ulcers has improved in the past two decades as research based approaches have been adopted. Community leg ulcer clinics using compression bandaging have dramatically improved healing rates and reduced costs, but close supervision by leg ulcer nurse specialists is essential if standards are to be maintained.1 2 5 We have reviewed the evidence for this approach and on new treatments that may improve care of leg ulcers in the future.

We compiled material for this review from published literature located by online searches of Medline, PubMed, and Embase using the terms “leg ulcer management,” …
BRCA1 Counteracts Progesterone Action by Ubiquitination Leading to Progesterone Receptor Degradation and Epigenetic Silencing of Target Promoters
Authors: Verónica Calvo, Miguel Beato
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 gene increase the risk of breast cancer in women, but the precise mechanistic basis for this connection remains uncertain. One popular hypothesis to explain breast tissue specificity postulates a link between BRCA1 and the action of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. Given the relevance of progesterone for normal mammary development and breast cancer formation, we searched for a functional relationship between BRCA1 and progesterone receptor (PR) in the PR-positive breast cancer cell line T47D. Here, we report that BRCA1 inhibits the transcriptional activity of PR by at least 2 mechanisms involving the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of BRCA1. First, BRCA1 has a direct effect on the cellular level of PR and, hence, on the extent of PR recruitment to target promoters through the promotion of its ligand-independent and -dependent degradation. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we found that BRCA1/BARD1 may be the main E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for ubiquitination and degradation of PR in the absence of hormone. Second, after hormone treatment of cells, the BRCA1/BARD1 complex is recruited via interaction with PR to the hormone-responsive regions of PR target genes, affecting local levels of monoubiquitinated histone H2A and contributing to epigenetic silencing of these promoters. The connections between BRCA1/BARD1 and PR activity suggested by our findings may help explain why host mutations in BRCA1 exert a tissue specificity in preferentially elevating the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3422–31. ©2011 AACR.
Dangerous Sleep: Oxygen Therapy for Nocturnal Hypoxemia
Authors: A. Jay Block
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The effect of sleep on the pathogenesis and progression of disease has been ignored for decades. In recent years the availability of an accurate and reliable ear oximeter1 has revolutionized our ability to study oxygenation during sleep, and we have begun to uncover fascinating solutions to unexplained problems.In this issue of the Journal, Tirlapur and Mir2 describe severe nocturnal oxygen desaturation in patients with the "blue and bloated" form of chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD). In addition, they note that this nocturnal desaturation correlates with cardiac arrhythmias and other electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial hypoxia. These important observations on . . .