tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Marlene Rabinovitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Recent investigations have suggested that it might be possible to reverse the pathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disorder that can be rapidly progressive and fatal despite current treatments including i.v. prostacyclin. This review will address the cellular and molecular processes implicated in clinical, genetic, and experimental studies as underlying the pulmonary vascular abnormalities associated with PAH. Emerging treatments are aimed at inducing apoptosis of abnormal vascular cells that obstruct blood flow and at promoting regeneration of "lost" distal vasculature.
Can the revised IPSS predict response to erythropoietic-stimulating agents in patients with classical IPSS low or intermediate-1 MDS?
Authors: Valeria Santini, Jennifer Schemenau, Alessandro Levis, Enrico Balleari, Rosa Sapena, Lionel Adès, Agnès Guerci, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Marie-Pierre Gourin, Stephane Cheze, Aspasia Stamatoullas, Alessandro Sanna, Daniela Gioia, Gianni Cametti, Dario Ferrero, Emmanuel Raffoux, Christian Rose, Antonella Poloni, Thomas Prebet, Laurence Legros, Shanti Natarajan-Amé, Pierre Fenaux, Ulrich Germing, François Dreyfus, Sophie Park
Journal: Blood (2013)
Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy of Primary Gliomas
Authors: Guy Owens
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A SERIES OF 30 patients with cerebral gliomas has received intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy at our institution over the past 3 years. This is a brief report summarizing our techniques and the negative results thus far obtained. <h3>Methods</h3> Each patient had the ipsilateral internal carotid artery cannulated percutaneously with a No. 18 polyethylene catheter. Radiographic identification of its location was obtained in each instance. The catheter was filled with a heparin solution when not in use and flushed several times a day. A simple electric rotary pump delivered 1 cc/min of the drug solution during the infusion. Eighteen patients received mechlorethamine hydrochloride (nitrogen mustard) at a dose of 2 to 4 mg/day until a total of 25 to 30 mg had been administered. Simultaneously, 250 mg of sodium thiosulfate per milligram of HN<sub>2</sub>was administered intravenously to neutralize the HN<sub>2</sub>and thereby protected the hemopoietic system.<sup>1</sup> Twelve patients
Elasticity of the Lung in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: RICHARD V. EBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The elastic properties of the lung can be described by a curve relating volume of air in the lung to static transpulmonary pressure. In the normal lung these properties are related to surface tension at the air fluid interface in the alveoli and to a lesser extent to the weave of the connective tissue fibers. The elastic tissue fibers appear to play a minor role in determining the elastic properties of the lung. In pulmonary emphysema residual volume is increased, the pressure volume curve is shifted upward, and the maximum static transpulmonary pressure achieved is less than normal. These changes can be produced by diffuse bronchial obstruction, by large poorly ventilated spaces such as bullae, or by diffuse increase in size of air spaces.
Surgery in the Aged
Authors: Mohammad Amin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A letter from Reuben Tizes, MD (224:1761, 1973) reviews two case histories illustrating the plight of the aged undergoing extensive surgical procedures. I wholeheartedly agree with the principle he advocated about human factors requiring top consideration. It is a pity that countless elderly patients undergo surgical treatment without regard for physical, psychological, and social morbidity. Although the first case history illustrates his point, I wish to raise a question regarding his second case report. Suprapubic cystotomy is a minor surgical procedure and can be accomplished with the patient under local anesthesia.<sup>1</sup>Prolonged urethral catheterization is fraught with more complications than suprapubic cystotomy, which is easier to manage. I think the decision of the urologist in this case was well founded, and the death of the patient three months later because of overwhelming sepsis cannot be blamed on suprapubic cystotomy. This patient was given palliative therapy, as
Three-year registry data on biological treatment for psoriasis: the influence of patient characteristics on treatment outcome
Authors: R.J.B. Driessen, J.B. Boezeman, P.C.M. van de Kerkhof, E.M.G.J. de Jong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

The course of biological treatment in clinical practice may be highly different from treatment schedules in clinical trials. Treatment modifications and patient characteristics may influence treatment safety and efficacy. So far, long-term results from the use of biological treatment in clinical practice are lacking.To report short- and long-term efficacy and safety data on biologics, especially etanercept, used in daily clinical practice. Special attention has been paid to patient characteristics that may have influenced the response to therapy.Prospectively collected registry data of all patients with psoriasis treated with biologics in the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre outpatient clinic were used for analysis. Patient and treatment characteristics were surveyed. Efficacy and safety of etanercept for up to 3 years were analysed. Moreover, the influence of patient characteristics on etanercept treatment response was studied.The analysed cohort, consisting of 118 patients, went through 142 treatment episodes in total. Patients treated with biologics had an extensive medical history. Optimization of biological treatment was established in various ways, including treatment switches and introduction of concomitant therapies. Short-term etanercept efficacy analysis showed a mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) improvement at week 24 of 59.7%. No significant influence of gender, age, baseline PASI, body mass index, number of previous systemic therapies or duration of psoriasis was found on week 24 efficacy results, although trends were discernible. The efficacy of etanercept remained stable for up to 156 weeks. Long-term daily practice treatment with etanercept was only occasionally accompanied by major safety concerns.The current study demonstrates that etanercept is able to improve psoriasis symptoms for a considerable time, and that serious side-effects are infrequent. The influence of patient characteristics on treatment response is limited.
762-3 Modified Ultrafiltration Reduces Airway Pressures and Improves Lung Compliance After Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Jon N. Meliones, J. William Gaynor, Barbara G. Wilson, Frank H. Kern, Scott R. Schulman, Ian R. Shearer, William J. Greeley, Ross M. Ungerleider
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Portable oxygen and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale.
Authors: R J Leggett, D C Flenley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Breathing 30% oxygen during exercise alleviated arterial hypoxaemia and reduced minute ventilation in patients with severe chronic bronchitis. A similar level of oxygen (2 or 4 litres of oxygen/minute) from nasal prongs also increased their exercise tolerance, as assessed by the distance that they could walk on the level in 12 minutes. Nevertheless, a single-blind controlled study showed that the effort of carrying their portable supply of liquid oxygen, in the Union Carbide Oxygen Walker, abolished this gain in exercise tolerance. The improvement in walking distance was restored when oxygen on exercise was provided by wheeling the oxygen walker on a light-weight shopping trolley.
From the Surgeon General, US Public Health Service
Authors: A. C. Novello
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Signals and molecular pathways involved in apoptosis, with special emphasis on human endometrium
Authors: S Tabibzadeh
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Apoptosis is a selective process for deletion of cells in various biological systems. This event, similar to proliferation, is tightly regulated, with both processes playing essential roles in the homeostasis of renewable tissues. In human endometrium, proliferation and apoptosis occur at opposing poles of the menstrual cycle. The proliferative phase is marked by rapid growth of the endometrial epithelial lining, whereas progressive increase in apoptosis in this tissue is the hallmark of the secretory and menstrual phases. The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the signals and molecular events which are associated with and that may participate in apoptosis. This is followed by a review of the current literature regarding apoptosis in human endometrium.
Varied Mammogram Readings Worry Researchers
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

CLINICIANS have long recognized that mammography's precision as a diagnostic tool can be hampered by its technical limitations. Yet a recent study in which 10 seasoned radiologists reviewed an identical set of high-quality mammograms of 150 patients suggests that some imprecision can stem in part from variations in the eyes of the beholders.  The study, which was conducted by investigators at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, revealed a disturbing variability in the radiologists' diagnostic interpretations, clinical accuracies, and management recommendations.  The radiogists had major clinical disagreements in their diagnoses of the results (ie, normal or abnormal-benign vs cancer) in 33% of the patients. And they disagreed radically in their management recommendations (ie, routine mammogram follow-up vs biopsy) in 25% of the patients.  The researchers, led by principal investigator Alvan R. Feinstein, MD, Sterling Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology at Yale, presented their findings this month at the
Effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cerebral oxygen uptake, cerebrospinal fluid lactate, and cerebral blood flow in the rabbit: role of nitric oxide.
Authors: J Tureen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Among the important pathophysiologic alterations in the brain in bacterial meningitis are abnormalities of cerebral circulation and metabolism; however, the precise mechanisms by which these disturbances occur are not completely delineated. It has been recently recognized that cytokines are produced by tissues in the central nervous system in meningitis and play a critical role in the host inflammatory response. Because these mediators are involved in circulatory and metabolic disturbances in other tissues in sepsis, we investigated the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the central nervous system in a rabbit model. We found that injection of recombinant human TNF into the cisterna magna in the rabbit led to an acute reduction in cerebral oxygen uptake and a more prolonged reduction in cerebral blood flow. This was accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure and an increase in cerebrospinal fluid lactate. Reduction in oxygen uptake and increases in intracranial pressure and CSF lactate were blocked by pretreatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Reduction in cerebral blood flow was not affected by L-NAME treatment and was due to increased cerebrovascular resistance and reduced oxygen demand. These results suggest that TNF may be a critical mediator of changes in cerebral circulation and metabolism and that some of these changes occur via the nitric oxide pathway.
Morphine intoxication in renal failure: the role of morphine-6-glucuronide.
Authors: R J Osborne, S P Joel, M L Slevin
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients with impaired renal function may experience severe and prolonged respiratory depression when treated with morphine. This has been attributed to accumulation of the drug during renal failure. Three patients are described who had classical signs of intoxication with morphine in the absence of measurable quantities of morphine in the plasma. The observed clinical effect is attributed to accumulation of the pharmacologically active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide, which is usually renally excreted. It is concluded that morphine does not accumulate in patients with renal failure but that accumulation of metabolites does occur. The previously reported observations of morphine accumulation during renal failure probably result from the use of radioimmunoassays that cannot distinguish between morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide. Thus the apparent morphine concentration measured with these assays in fact reflects the total quantity of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide present.
Galactomannan and PCR versus culture and histology for directing use of antifungal treatment for invasive aspergillosis in high-risk haematology patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: C Orla Morrissey, Sharon C-A Chen, Tania C Sorrell, Samuel Milliken, Peter G Bardy, Kenneth F Bradstock, Jeffrey Szer, Catriona L Halliday, Nicole M Gilroy, John Moore, Anthony P Schwarer, Stephen Guy, Ashish Bajel, Adrian R Tramontana, Timothy Spelman, Monica A Slavin
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2013)
Negative U Waves as an Indicator of Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: M Galli, P Temporelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Lucite-Ball Plombage. Chest discomfort and negative U waves in precordial leads V, V, and V of the electrocardiogram (black arrows) with T-wave inversion occurred after the infusion of dipyridamole in a patient with severe stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. These findings occurred concomitantly with severe myocardial hypoperfusion in the anteroseptal region during a thallium stress test. The area of hypoperfusion subsequently filled in (white arrows). Among the electrocardiographic signs of transient myocardial ischemia, negative U waves in the precordial leads have been reported to be very specific for coronary artery disease, especially stenosis or . . .
TADS study raises concerns
Authors: Jon Jureidini, Anne Tonkin, Peter R Mansfield
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We have additional concerns to those raised by Lenzer about the adolescents with depression study (TADS).1 2

TADS consists of two separate randomised studies: a double blind comparison of fluoxetine (109 subjects) with placebo (112), and an unblinded comparison between cognitive behaviour therapy alone (111) and fluoxetine plus cognitive behaviour therapy (107). The lack of patient blinding and placebo control in the latter group is likely to exaggerate the benefit seen in the fluoxetine plus cognitive behaviour therapy group, who receive more face to …
Specific IgE levels in the diagnosis of immediate hypersensitivity to cows’ milk protein in the infant
Authors: Carmen García-Ara, Teresa Boyano-Martínez, José María Díaz-Pena, Flora Martín-Muñoz, Marta Reche-Frutos, Manuel Martín-Esteban
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Prenatal and Early, but Not Late, Postnatal Exposure of Mice to Sidestream Tobacco Smoke Increases Airway Hyperresponsiveness Later in Life
Authors: Zhong-Xin Wu, Dawn D. Hunter, Vincent L. Kish, Katherine M. Benders, Thomas P. Batchelor, Richard D. Dey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundCigarette smoke exposure in utero and during early postnatal development increases the incidence of asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) later in life, suggesting that a possible critical period of developmental sensitivity exists in the prenatal and early postnatal periods.ObjectiveWe investigated mechanisms of susceptibility during critical developmental periods to sidestream smoke (SS) exposure and evaluated the possible effects of SS on neural responses.MethodsWe exposed three different age groups of mice to either SS or filtered air (FA) for 10 consecutive days beginning on gestation day (GD) 7 by maternal exposure or beginning on postnatal day (PND) 2 or PND21 by direct inhalation. Lung function, airway substance P (SP) innervation, and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in broncho alveolar lavage fluid were measured after a single SS exposure on PND59.ResultsMethacholine (MCh) dose response for lung resistance (RL) was significantly elevated, and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) was significantly decreased, in the GD7 and PND2 SS exposure groups compared with the FA groups after SS exposure on PND59. At the same time points, the percent area of SP nerve fibers in tracheal smooth muscle and the levels of NGF were significantly elevated. MCh dose–response curves for RL and Cdyn, SP nerve fiber density, and the level of NGF were not significantly changed in the PND21 exposure group after SS exposure on PND59.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a critical period of susceptibility to SS exposure exists in the prenatal and early postnatal period of development in mice that results in increased SP innervation, increased NGF levels in the airway, and enhanced MCh AHR later in life.
THE NATURE OF THE LEUCOCYTOSIS PRODUCED BY NUCLEINIC ACID; A PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.
Authors: DELANO AMES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Within the past two or three years there has come into gradual prominence a system of therapeutics known popularly as nuclein therapy, which is attracting more and more attention and receiving a growing recognition at the hands of the medical profession. The use of nuclein was first advocated on purely theoretic grounds, it being claimed that by its use the germicidal power of the blood could be increased and hence the resistance to diseases of germ origin heightened. Of late, however, certain writers have denied that nuclein acts as it was supposed to, and in consequence, its use being founded on a false conception of its powers, have claimed that it was not beneficial. The application of nuclein to the treatment of certain diseases, especially to certain of the infectious processes, seems to be attended with beneficial results, though the observations are as yet too few and too incomplete to
Chronic Pain: A Primary Care Guide to Practical Management
Authors: Devi E. Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RECENT TRENDS IN GALLBLADDER SURGERY
Authors: Warren H. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1952)

One cannot say that any remarkable discoveries have been announced during the past several years in any phase of gallbladder disease, but certain advancements have gradually been made. For example, the belief that cholecystitis starts primarily as a chemical lesion has become more and more prevalent. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is available in the fact that cultures of the bile and wall of the gallbladder in cholecystitis are so often negative. I am convinced that the infectious phase of cholecystitis is usually superimposed on an initial chemical inflammation. The role of infection in gallbladder disease has definite clinical significance, particularly in cases of fulminating acute cholecystitis when there may be indecision as to whether cholecystectomy or cholecystostomy should be performed. When systemic reaction is severe, the demonstration of numerous bacteria in a smear made from bile aspirated from the gallbladder at the operating table may correctly indicate the performance
'We must accept that health care is a risky business'
Authors: P. Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

One of the thorniest issues in the relationship between doctors and patients has been how to deal with a dispute. The rhetoric of the past few governments, both Conservative and Labour, has emphasised the need to treat patients as consumers of services provided by the NHS. Patients need to be “at the centre” of all arrangements for planning, delivery, and accountability. At the same time, the private healthcare system in Britain has grown by aggressively marketing its service as modern and responsive to patients' needs as “customers,” and patients are becoming used to making choices both about who provides their services and the nature of the treatment they are to have.

The growth in consumerism has been accompanied by an explosion in information systems, most notably the internet, which have made patients more knowledgeable customers when it comes to disease, treatments, and patients' rights. Recently, information on the performance of hospitals has become available through private initiatives such as the Good Hospital Guide ,1 and the Department of Health plans to publish more detailed information on the performance of individual consultants.

When there is a dispute, however, the relationship between doctors and patients can still seem rather paternalistic. Feedback from community health councils, which support people with complaints, suggests that many patients still get removed from general practitioners' lists for no other reason than having dared to complain about their doctor's service or attitude. This is in spite of guidance from the Royal College of General Practitioners that all attempts to resolve disputes should be exhausted before declaring the doctor-patient relationship and trust irretrievably damaged.2 In …
Skin reactivity to inhalant allergens, total serum IgE levels, and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine are increased in parents of nonatopic asthmatic children☆☆☆★
Authors: Yoon-Keun Kim, Sang-Heon Cho, Young-Yull Koh, Jee-Woong Son, Young-Koo Jee, Myung-Hyun Lee, Kyung-Up Min, You-Young Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)