tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Pulmonary Artery and Vein Stenting
Authors: THOMAS P. DOYLE, JAMES E. LOYD, IVAN M. ROBBINS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Mediastinal fibrosis is a rare consequence of infection with the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum that can lead to occlusion of large pulmonary arteries and veins and mainstem bronchi. Medical and surgical treatments for this disorder have been ineffective. We describe successful treatment for central pulmonary arterial and venous obstruction due to mediastinal fibrosis in four patients using percutaneously placed intravascular stents. Patients were severely limited, World Health Organization functional class III or IV. At the time of right and left heart catheterization, stents were placed in pulmonary arteries (n = 1), veins (n = 2), or both (n = 1) to relieve vascular obstruction resulting from mediastinal fibrosis. Immediate hemodynamic and clinical improvement was observed in all patients. Three of the four patients have had sustained improvement in exercise tolerance, from 3.5 mo to 4.5 yr after stent placement. The only complication was a self-limited pulmonary hemorrhage in one patient. Our initial experience suggests that percutaneous stent placement to relieve central pulmonary arterial or venous obstruction due to mediastinal fibrosis is an effective new treatment modality.
Radioisotopic Bone Scintigraphy with the Gamma Camera in the Investigation of Prostatic Cancer
Authors: R. J. Shearer, A. R. Constable, M. Girling, W. F. Hendry, J. D. Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Experience with x-rays, strontium-87m scintigraphy, and technetium-99m polyphosphate scintigraphy in the identification of bone metastases in 201 patients with prostatic cancer is reviewed. About 40% of the patients had demonstrable metastases in bone at the time of first presentation. Comparative studies of 247 x-ray and <sup>87m</sup>Sr surveys indicated that x-rays failed to detect metastases in 10% of cases where they were identified by <sup>87m</sup>Sr but that the isotopic survey similarly failed to detect radiologically evident deposits in 7% of cases. Similar studies comparing <sup>99m</sup>Tc polyphosphate surveys with x-ray scans showed that x-rays missed isotopically detected metastases in 12% of cases, but in only one survey out of 67 did the isotope miss radiologically evident deposits. In a series of 32 patients investigated by both isotopic techniques <sup>99m</sup>Tc polyphosphate did not fail to detect any metastases and identified deposits in one patient in whom they were missed by <sup>87m</sup>Sr scintigraphy. About 15% of both x-ray and <sup>87m</sup>Sr surveys gave equivocal results, but only 3% (2 out of 67) of <sup>99m</sup>Tc polyphosphate surveys were equivocal. We concluded that <sup>99m</sup>Tc polyphosphate bone scintigraphy with the gamma camera was the most reliable of the techniques used for the identification of bone metastases in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. The results of scintigraphy with <sup>87m</sup>Sr suggested that serial surveys may provide early evidence of hormone resistance in prostatic cancer.
Altered exhaled biomarker profiles in children during and after rhinovirus-induced wheeze
Authors: Marc P. van der Schee, Simone Hashimoto, Annemarie C. Schuurman, Janine S. Repelaer van Driel, Nora Adriaens, Romy M. van Amelsfoort, Tessa Snoeren, Martine Regenboog, Aline B. Sprikkelman, Eric G. Haarman, Wim M.C. van Aalderen, Peter J. Sterk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Preschool rhinovirus-induced wheeze is associated with an increased risk of asthma. In adult asthma, exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOC) are associated with inflammatory activity. We therefore hypothesised that acute preschool wheeze is accompanied by a differential profile of exhaled VOC, which is maintained after resolution of symptoms in those children with rhinovirus-induced wheeze. We included 178 children (mean± sd age 22±9 months) from the EUROPA cohort comparing asymptomatic and wheezing children during respiratory symptoms and after recovery. Naso- and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for rhinovirus by quantitative PCR. Breath was collected via a spacer and analysed using an electronic nose. Between-group discrimination was assessed by constructing a 1000-fold cross-validated receiver operating characteristic curve. Analyses were stratified by rhinovirus presence/absence. Wheezing children demonstrated a different VOC profile when compared with asymptomatic children (p&lt;0.001), regardless of the presence (area under the curve (AUC) 0.77, 95% CI 0.07) or absence (AUC 0.81, 95% CI 0.05) of rhinovirus. After symptomatic recovery, discriminative accuracy was maintained in children with rhinovirus-induced wheeze (AUC 0.84, 95% CI 0.06), whereas it dropped significantly in infants with non-rhinovirus-induced wheeze (AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.06). Exhaled molecular profiles differ between preschool children with and without acute respiratory wheeze. This appears to be sustained in children with rhinovirus-induced wheeze after resolution of symptoms. Therefore, exhaled VOC may qualify as candidate biomarkers for early signs of asthma.
John Gerard Joseph ("Gerry") Cavanagh
Authors: J. Cavanagh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A leader of the hospice movement in the United States and internationally Josefina Bautista Magno broke ground in getting the medical profession to understand the need for pain relief and palliative care for terminally ill patients.She envisioned an environment where dying patients could get comfort, care, and spiritual counselling.Magno developed some of the first hospices in the United States.More recently, she developed programmes to spread hospice care internationally.Born and raised in the Philippines, she completed her medical training at the University of Santo Tomas, the Philippines, in 1943.She trained as a haematologist and oncologist at Georgetown University in Washington DC.Magno was not a stranger to cancer, death, and dying, according to Bill Farr, vice chairman of the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care (IAHPC).Her husband, a sister, and a son died from cancer.Magno also developed breast cancer, and underwent a radical mastectomy and chemotherapy.In a tribute to her on the IAHPC website (www.hospicecare.org),Farr writes that these experiences undoubtedly influenced her decision to promote hospice care.She went to study in the United Kingdom, where Cicely Saunders had pioneered the hospice movement, setting up the world's first hospice, St Christopher's in south east London, in 1967.Magno's earliest efforts to promote hospice care were in the United States.In 1976 she convinced the president of Georgetown University to set up a pilot hospice-training project, known as the Hospice of Northern Virginia.Many more hospice demonstration projects were established, several through the Medicare programme.Yet even as the hospice movement grew, Magno thought it lacked a scientific and research base."Jo started the first organised
IDH mutations in primary myelofibrosis predict leukemic transformation and shortened survival: clinical evidence for leukemogenic collaboration with JAK2V617F
Authors: A Tefferi, T Jimma, N H Sulai, T L Lasho, C M Finke, R A Knudson, R F McClure, A Pardanani
Journal: Leukemia (2011)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are frequent in blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms and might therefore contribute to leukemic transformation. We examined this possibility in 301 consecutive patients with chronic-phase primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The mutant IDH was detected in 12 patients (4%): 7 IDH2 (5 R140Q, 1 R140W and 1 R172G) and 5 IDH1 (3 R132S and 2 R132C). In all, 6 (50%) of the 12 IDH-mutated patients also expressed JAK2V617F. Overall, 18 (6%) patients displayed only MPL and 164 (54.3%) only JAK2 mutations. Multivariable analysis that accounted for conventional risk factors disclosed inferior overall survival (OS; P=0.03) and leukemia-free survival (LFS; P=0.003) in IDH-mutated patients: OS hazard ratio (HR) was 0.39 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.2–0.75), 0.50 (95% CI 0.27–0.95) and 0.53 (95% CI 0.23–1.2) for patients with no, JAK2 or MPL mutations, respectively. Further analysis disclosed a more pronounced effect for the mutant IDH on OS and LFS in the presence (P=0.0002 and P<0.0001, respectively) as opposed to the absence (P=0.34 and P=0.64) of concomitant JAK2V617F. Analysis of paired samples obtained during chronic- and blast-phase disease revealed the presence of both IDH and JAK2 mutations at both time points. Our observations suggest that IDH mutations in PMF are independent predictors of leukemic transformation and raise the possibility of leukemogenic collaboration with JAK2V617F.
THE EFFECT OF A 12-WEEK EXERCISE OR WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAM IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL CUT-IT
Authors: Lene Roerholm Pedersen, Rasmus Olsen, Anders Jurs, Arne Astrup, Elizaveta Chabanova, Lene Simonsen, Ulrik Wisloff, Steen B. Haugaard, Eva Prescott
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Gross Oedema in the Nephrotic Syndrome Treated with Frusemide in High Dosage
Authors: P. D. Snashall
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Five grossly oedematous patients with nephrotic syndrome required frusemide in doses of 250 mg/day or more. Two cases needed albumin infusions to initiate the diuresis. As oedema was removed renal function improved in four cases. There were no side effects. It is concluded that frusemide in the high doses used is a safe and effective diuretic.
Generation and characterization of transgenic mice expressing mitochondrial targeted red fluorescent protein selectively in neurons: modeling mitochondriopathy in excitotoxicity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yi Wang, Yan Pan, Ann Price, Lee J Martin
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Abstract Background Mitochondria have roles or appear to have roles in the pathogenesis of several chronic age-related and acute neurological disorders, including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia, and could be critical targets for development of rational mechanism-based, disease-modifying therapeutics for treating these disorders effectively. A deeper understanding of neural tissue mitochondria pathobiologies as definitive mediators of neural injury, disease, and cell death merits further study, and the development of additional tools to study neural mitochondria will help achieve this unmet need. Results We created transgenic mice that express the coral ( Discosoma sp .) red fluorescent protein DsRed2 specifically in mitochondria of neurons using a construct engineered with a Thy1 promoter, specific for neuron expression, to drive expression of a fusion protein of DsRed2 with a mitochondrial targeting sequence. The biochemical and histological characterization of these mice shows the expression of mitochondrial-targeted DsRed2 to be specific for mitochondria and concentrated in distinct CNS regions, including cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. Red fluorescent mitochondria were visualized in cerebral cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, ventrobasal thalamic neurons, subthalamic neurons, and spinal motor neurons. For the purpose of proof of principle application, these mice were used in excitotoxicity paradigms and double transgenic mice were generated by crossing Thy1-mitoDsRed2 mice with transgenic mice expressing enhanced-GFP (eGFP) under the control of the Hlxb9 promoter that drives eGFP expression specifically in motor neurons and by crossing Thy1-mitoDsRed2 mice to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice expressing human mutant superoxide dismutase-1. Conclusions These novel transgenic mice will be a useful tool for better understanding the biology of mitochondria in mouse and cellular models of human neurological disorders as exemplified by the mitochondrial swelling and fission seen in excitotoxicity and mouse ALS.
Controlled Double-Blind Trial of Nifedipine in the Treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: Richard J. Rodeheffer, James A. Rommer, Fredrick Wigley, Craig R. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Raynaud's phenomenon may cause severe digital pain and functional disability, particularly in patients with underlying connective-tissue disease. The treatment of this condition is difficult.1 Nifedipine, a slow calcium-channel antagonist, causes vascular smooth-muscle relaxation and relief of arterial vasospasm.2 3 4 Nifedipine-induced vasodilation has been shown to result in a fall in peripheral vascular resistance and an increase in peripheral blood flow.5 Nifedipine increases the skin blood flow by 50 to 150 per cent in normal persons and has also been shown in vitro to inhibit norepinephrine-induced vasospasm of rabbit and human peripheral arteries and veins.6 , 7 The calcium-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil have . . .
From Egg to Organism
Authors: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IN THE development of higher organisms, complex patterns are formed in eggs that initially have a simple structural organization, not at all resembling the pattern of the differentiated animal. A fundamental problem of biology is to understand how such complexities arise, and in particular, how much of these complex patterns and in what form they are already prestructured in the egg content. More than 15 years ago, when I began performing the genetic analysis of embryonic pattern formation in<i>Drosophila</i>, most investigations that had been done in this area were on organisms that produce large amounts of eggs that develop in a short time and could easily be manipulated experimentally, such as sea urchins and amphibians. The experimental approaches that had been made involved transplantations or manipulations to find out what happens when one alters the content of the egg cell. The drawback to this type of research is that
Decreasing HIV-1 seroprevalence in young adults in a rural Ugandan cohort
Authors: D. Mulder, A. Nunn, A. Kamali, J. Kengeya-Kayondo
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To assess the trend in HIV-1 seroprevalence in an adult population in Uganda. <b>Design</b>: An observational cohort study with four year follow up. <b>Setting</b>: A cluster of 15 villages in rural Uganda. <b>Subjects</b>: All residents of the 15 villages--about 10000 people. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Prevalence of HIV-1 infection as assessed by enzyme immunoassay. <b>Results</b>: During the five year period the overall standardised seroprevalence of HIV-1 showed little change; 8.2% in 1990, 7.6% in 1994. Among males aged 13-24 years the prevalence decreased from 3.4% to 1.0% (P for trend &lt; 0.001); among females of the same age the corresponding values were 9.9% and 7.3%. The decrease was greatest in males aged 20-24 years and females aged 13-19 years. <b>Conclusion</b>: This is the first report of a decline in HIV-1 prevalence among young adults in a general population in sub-Saharan Africa with high overall HIV-1 prevalence. It is too early to conclude that the epidemic in this population is in decline, but the results of this study should be reason for some cautious optimism and encourage the vigorous pursuit of AIDS control measures.
First electrocardiogram in recent myocardial infarction.
Authors: J B McGuinness, T B Begg, T Semple
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The admission electrocardiogram (ECG) was studied in 898 patients admitted to a coronary care unit over two years. The diagnosis made from this tracing was compared with that made at the end of the patient's stay. About half the cases of recent myocardial infarct were diagnosed from the admission ECG, but accuracy rose to 83% with serial ECG's in the unit. The ECG is important but not entirely reliable in the early detection of acute myocardial infarction, which should be largely a clinical diagnosis.
1107-137 Influence of C-reactive protein on matrix remodeling in calcific aortic stenosis
Authors: Jens J Kaden, Carl-Erik Dempfle, Hanh-Thai Tran, Siegfried Lang, Rainer Grobholz, Siegfried Hagl, Martina Brueckmann, Karl K Haase, Martin Borggrefe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Defining primary care sensitive conditions: a necessity for effective primary care delivery?
Authors: Daniel C Gibbons, Andrew B Bindman, Michael A Soljak, Christopher Millett, Azeem Majeed
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Primary care is a major component of England's National Health Service (NHS), responsible for approximately 300 million consultations per year with GPs in England, which represents 70–90% of all patient contacts with the NHS. In addition to providing healthcare to the registered population, GPs are charged with coordination and gatekeeping of access to services provided by secondary care, tertiary care and other allied healthcare providers. As GPs will be assuming a key role in commissioning health services in England, there is a clear opportunity to re-model care delivery to maximize outcomes, cost efficiency and patient access by focusing on diseases that are most amenable to management in primary care. It is essential that there is evidence to inform what conditions are most sensitive to management in primary care – commonly referred to as primary care sensitive conditions or ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Such definitions would aid resource planning, drafting of local management protocols and simplification of the interface between primary and secondary care for a number of chronic conditions. Indeed, inappropriate utilization of secondary care resources is likely to represent a significant opportunity cost to healthcare providers and may be less desirable for patients.
Expand and speed up efforts to shift care to the community, says NHS Confederation
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The NHS Confederation is calling on the government to trigger the major funding shift that would ensure that community and home based services become the new “default setting” for most people’s care.

Inpatient treatment in large acute hospitals could then be reserved for people with life threatening illnesses and those requiring complex surgery, it says.

But the confederation, which represents commissioners and providers of NHS services, said that health leaders and ministers would have to be “more open” …
The Premature in Context
Authors: Ira Bergman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The purpose of this book seems to be to inform us that most infants born prematurely will have normal neurological and intellectual development. This message is, of course, not new. Most workers in the field of perinatology would already agree that premature infants who have not sustained CNS injury will have development appropriate to their<i>postconceptual</i>age. For example, children who are 52 weeks postconceptual age will have similar neurological and developmental examinations, brainstem auditory evoked responses, and motor nerve conduction studies, whether they were born at 28 weeks, 32 weeks, or 40 weeks, even though their chronological age<i>after birth</i>varies from 6 to 3 months. Whether some elements of neurological maturation are either accelerated or retarded by an early transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment is an open question not rigorously addressed in this book. The first two chapters report the results of a longitudinal study of
Human Arrest Defective 1 Acetylates and Activates β-Catenin, Promoting Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Ji-Hong Lim, Jong-Wan Park, Yang-Sook Chun
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Arrest defective 1 (ARD1), an acetyltransferase, is essential for the yeast life cycle. Although its human homologue (hARD1) has been identified, its biological functions in human cells remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the biological function of hARD1. In H1299 and A549 lung cancer cells, hARD1-silencing RNA inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 arrest. Cyclin D1 was also found to be down-regulated in these growth-arrested cells, and the ectopic expression of cyclin D1 rescued cell growth. hARD1 knockdown repressed the promoter activity of the cyclin D1 gene, which inhibited the transcription of cyclin D1. Moreover, hARD1 knockdown reduced the binding of β-catenin/TCF4 transcription factor to cyclin D1 promoter and repressed its transcriptional activity. Inversely, hARD1 expression increased the transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Both endogenous and ectopically expressed hARD1 was coimmunoprecipitated with β-catenin. hARD1 knockdown did not affect β-catenin expression or degradation but noticeably reduced acetylated β-catenin. The β-catenin binding and acetylation by hARD1 were observed in vitro. Therefore, it is suggested that hARD1 participates in proliferation of lung cancer cells via the activation of β-catenin. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10677-82)
Medical Ethics, Education, and the Physician's Image
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Few events are more illustrative of the rapidity and directions of social change in our times than the recent history of medical ethics. What had for centuries been a personal and private affair among physicians suddenly became a matter for public debate. Every facet of the impact of medical technology on human life has been examined by the widest possible audience. Where these discussions will ultimately lead is, as yet, unclear. But the debate is no transitory phenomenon. It is sure to have profound effects on the image of the physician in society and on his everyday clinical decisions. What has been illustrated as well is the failure of medical education to prepare physicians for responsible, critical inquiry into ethical questions. Too many still see the whole movement as a dangerous intrusion into sacrosanct precincts rather than the summation of potent forces of crucial importance to medicine and society. One
Doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid for asthma exacerbations does not decrease subsequent use of systemic steroids
Authors: M Soth
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Harrison TW, Oborne J, Newton S, et al . Doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid to prevent asthma exacerbations: randomised controlled trial. Lancet2004;363:271–5 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This blinded trial with concealed randomisation compared doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid for 14 days with continuing the same dose when asthma symptoms or peak flow worsened in patients monitoring themselves daily at home. The 390 patients enrolled had been given oral corticosteroid or transiently doubled their inhaled corticosteroid dose in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DHarrison%26rft.auinit1%253DT.%2BW.%26rft.volume%253D363%26rft.issue%253D9405%26rft.spage%253D271%26rft.epage%253D275%26rft.atitle%253DDoubling%2Bthe%2Bdose%2Bof%2Binhaled%2Bcorticosteroid%2Bto%2Bprevent%2Basthma%2Bexacerbations%253A%2Brandomised%2Bcontrolled%2Btrial.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252803%252915384-6%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F14751699%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15384-6&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=14751699&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F4%2F346.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000188361400008&link_type=ISI
1148 THE PRESENCE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS DELETION MUTANTS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AND THEIR ROLE DURING PEG-IFN/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY IN HCV-1 PATIENTS
Authors: L. Donnici, C. Cheroni, A. Aghemo, M.G. Rump, V. Valveri, R. Soffredini, G.M. Prati, M. Colombo, S. Abrignani, R. De Francesco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)