tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Avoidance of Tick-Borne Diseases
Authors: Steven E. Schutzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 May 1998Avoidance of Tick-Borne DiseasesSteven E. Schutzer, MD, Bart K. Holland, PhD, and Tom BrownSteven E. Schutzer, MDUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ 07103Tracker, Inc.; Asbury, NJ 08802, Bart K. Holland, PhDUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ 07103Tracker, Inc.; Asbury, NJ 08802, and Tom BrownUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ 07103Tracker, Inc.; Asbury, NJ 08802Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Lyme disease is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted via a bite from the tick Ixodes scapularis. White-footed mice, which are hosts for the tick, are responsible for transmitting the organism causing Lyme disease [1-3]. Current recommendations to wear long sleeves and tuck one's pants into socks, in the hope of reducing exposure to ticks, are rarely followed [4]. More practical methods are needed.To test the hypothesis that ticks are most likely to be found in areas supportive of mice, we performed several experiments. Among survival requirements or mice, a key variable is ...References1. Bosler EM. Tick vectors and hosts. In: Coyle PK, ed. Lyme Disease. St. Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book: 1993:18-26. Google Scholar2. Telford SR 3d, Urioste SS, Spielman A. Clustering of host-seeking nymphal deer ticks (Ixodes dammini) infected by Lyme disease spirochetes (Borrelia burgdorferi). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992; 47:55-60. Google Scholar3. Telford SR 3d, Spielman A. Reservoir competence of white-footed mice for Babesia microti. J Med Entomol. 1993; 30:223-7. Google Scholar4. Cartter ML, Farley TA, Ardito HA, Hadler JL. Lyme disease prevention-knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among high school students in an endemic area. Conn Med. 1989; 53:354-6. Google Scholar5. Brown T. Identifying the track. In: Tom Brown's Field Guide to Nature Observation and Tracking. New York: Berkley Books; 1983:117-86. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ 07103Tracker, Inc.; Asbury, NJ 08802 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLyme diseaseLyme diseaseLyme diseaseNeurologic aspects of lyme disease 1 May 1998Volume 128, Issue 9Page: 784KeywordsBorrelia burgdorferiLyme diseaseSpirochetesTicksWilderness Issue Published: 1 May 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Structural Brain Abnormalities in Chronic Schizophrenia at the Extremes of the Outcome Spectrum
Authors: Wouter G. Staal, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Hugo G. Schnack, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Nicole Seifert, René S. Kahn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

This study investigated the relationship between outcome and structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.Intracranial volume and volumes of the cerebrum, gray and white matter, lateral and third ventricles, frontal lobes, thalamus, and cerebellum were measured in 20 patients with a poor outcome, 25 with a favorable outcome, and 23 healthy comparison subjects with magnetic resonance imaging.Thalamic volume was significantly smaller both in poor-outcome patients and good-outcome patients. In contrast, only poor-outcome patients displayed significantly smaller cerebral gray matter, particularly prefrontal, and enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles. No significant differences were found for intracranial, cerebellar, or cortical CSF volumes.Smaller thalamic volumes in schizophrenia may reflect a greater susceptibility for the disorder and seem unrelated to outcome. In contrast, gray matter volume loss of the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal lobes, and lateral and third ventricular enlargement appear related to outcome in schizophrenia.
Gene expression profiling of canine osteosarcoma reveals genes associated with short and long survival times
Authors: Gayathri T Selvarajah, Jolle Kirpensteijn, Monique E van Wolferen, Nagesha AS Rao, Hille Fieten, Jan A Mol
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2009)

Gene expression profiling of spontaneous tumors in the dog offers a unique translational opportunity to identify prognostic biomarkers and signaling pathways that are common to both canine and human. Osteosarcoma (OS) accounts for approximately 80% of all malignant bone tumors in the dog. Canine OS are highly comparable with their human counterpart with respect to histology, high metastatic rate and poor long-term survival. This study investigates the prognostic gene profile among thirty-two primary canine OS using canine specific cDNA microarrays representing 20,313 genes to identify genes and cellular signaling pathways associated with survival. This, the first report of its kind in dogs with OS, also demonstrates the advantages of cross-species comparison with human OS. The 32 tumors were classified into two prognostic groups based on survival time (ST). They were defined as short survivors (dogs with poor prognosis: surviving fewer than 6 months) and long survivors (dogs with better prognosis: surviving 6 months or longer). Fifty-one transcripts were found to be differentially expressed, with common upregulation of these genes in the short survivors. The overexpressed genes in short survivors are associated with possible roles in proliferation, drug resistance or metastasis. Several deregulated pathways identified in the present study, including Wnt signaling, Integrin signaling and Chemokine/cytokine signaling are comparable to the pathway analysis conducted on human OS gene profiles, emphasizing the value of the dog as an excellent model for humans. A molecular-based method for discrimination of outcome for short and long survivors is useful for future prognostic stratification at initial diagnosis, where genes and pathways associated with cell cycle/proliferation, drug resistance and metastasis could be potential targets for diagnosis and therapy. The similarities between human and canine OS makes the dog a suitable pre-clinical model for future 'novel' therapeutic approaches where the current research has provided new insights on prognostic genes, molecular pathways and mechanisms involved in OS pathogenesis and disease progression.
Albumin release from bioerodible hydrogels based on semi-interpenetrating polymer networks composed of poly(ϵ-caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) macromer
Authors: Jeong-Hun Ha, Sung-Ho Kim, Su-Yeon Han, Yong-Kiel Sung, Young-Moo Lee, In-Kyu Kang, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1997)
Correlation of Histologic Regression in Primary Melanoma With Sentinel Node Status
Authors: Rafael Botella-Estrada, Victor Traves, Celia Requena, Carlos Guillen-Barona, Eduardo Nagore
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

The influence of regression on the status of the sentinel node (SN) is controversial. In many centers, the presence of regression in thin melanomas supports the performance of an SN biopsy.To identify whether regression in primary melanoma has any influence on SN involvement.Retrospective study of melanomas with a Breslow thickness greater than 0.75 mm and undergoing SN biopsy from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2010, at Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, which receives melanoma patients from regional hospitals and dermatology practices. Only cases with paraffin blocks or histologic slides representative of the primary tumor and available for review were included in the study. Melanomas from 201 patients met these criteria and constitute the core of this study.Sentinel node biopsy in melanoma.Presence or absence of regression in the primary melanoma, type (early vs late), and extension were correlated with the presence or absence of metastasis in the SNs. In addition, the main clinical and histologic characteristics of the primary melanoma were correlated with the status of SN and the regression features.Regression was found in 52 melanomas (25.9%). Regression did not show a statistically significant association with SN status. When melanomas were subdivided by Breslow thickness into 4 groups, those with regression had a lower frequency of positive SNs in 3 of the 4 groups (≤1.00, 1.01-2.00, and >4.00 mm), although differences did not reach statistical significance in any group. We found no influence by type of regression or its extension on the SN status. Regression was found more frequently in thin melanomas (≤1.00 mm), melanomas located on an axial site, and superficial spreading or lentigo maligna melanoma types (P = .02, P < .001, and P = .03, respectively).Regression of the primary melanoma is not associated with a higher proportion of positive SNs. These data do not support the practice of performing SN biopsy in thin melanomas with regression in the absence of additional adverse prognostic characteristics.
Rising incidence of childhood diabetes.
Authors: A Scott-Samuel
Journal: BMJ (1977)

being R for rehydration, 0 for oral fluid replacement, S for simultaneous intravenous rehydration, and E for education of mothers about diarrhoea and dehydration.This is very important and in large Indonesian cities a child's admission to hospital is often one of the few opportunities for this educational process to occur.This ROSE method is now being used on a nation-wide basis.These results represent a marked improvement over recent years.In 1963 the mortality rate from childhood cholera in Jakarta was 46 ",, when glucose-saline was given intra- venously.In 1973 the mortality rate dropped to 10",, when sodium bicarbonate was added to the intravenous fluid, in 1974 it dropped even further to 3-5",, when Ringer's lactate was given intravenously followed by glucose- electrolyte solution orally.This simple ROSE system could be used in large hospitals where facilities for intravenous therapy are available.Minor modifications, such as the substitution of sucrose for glucose, in the oral fluid should not adversely affect the results.Sucrose is much more readily available and much cheaper and has been shown to be very useful in the oral treatment of this disease.
Psychophysiological Reactivity of Borderline Hypertensives and Their Recovery after Mental Stress
Authors: Th. Köhler, M. Fricke, Th. Ritz, N. Scherbaum
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

The question of psychophysiological reactivity of borderline hypertensives is still controversial. Methods: Young males with borderline blood pressure levels and normotensive controls were recruited during a routine examination. Samples of study I comprised 19 subjects, samples of study II18 subjects. Two stressors were presented (distressing movie, mental arithmetic), each followed by a recovery phase. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and elec-trodermal parameters were assessed repeatedly. Results: Borderline hypertensives showed greater reactions to stressors in systolic blood pressure only. Changes in percentage of baseline levels were essentially the same. Recovery after stress did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Only moderate support is given to the hypothesis that borderline hypertensives show increased and slowly recovering psychophysiological responses.
Cardiac chest pain: does body language help the diagnosis?
Authors: W M Edmondstone
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The pain of cardiac ischaemia is characteristically crushing, gripping, or tight in nature. When describing their chest pain many patients will use movements of the hands to illustrate their symptoms. A clenched fist to the centre of the sternum conveys the gripping quality of the pain (Levine's sign; fig 1) while a flat hand describes the sensation of crushing heaviness (fig 2).1 Tight band-like chest pain may be represented by a movement of the palmar surfaces of both hands laterally from the centre of the chest (fig 3). Patients with non-cardiac pain may use other actions to illustrate their pain, such as movement of the fingertips up and down the sternum (oesophageal pain) or pointing to one spot (chest wall pain).



Fig 1 
Levine's sign: clenched fist to middle of chest





Fig 2 
Flat of hand to centre of chest





Fig 3 
Both hands …
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Production by Nitric Oxide Synthase–deficient Mice
Authors: WOLFGANG STEUDEL, MAX KIRMSE, JÖRG WEIMANN, ROMAN ULLRICH, JONATHAN HROMI, WARREN M. ZAPOL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced in the nasal cavities, airways, and lungs and is exhaled by normal animals and humans. Although increased exhaled NO concentrations in airway inflammation have been associated with increased airway expression of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS 2), it is uncertain which NOS isoform is responsible for baseline levels of exhaled NO. We therefore studied wild-type mice and mice with a congenital deficiency of NOS 1, NOS 2, or NOS 3. By studying a closed chamber in which the exhaled gas of a group of mice was collected, gaseous NO production rates were measured. Wild-type mice exhaled 362 ± 35 × 10− 15 mol g− 1 min− 1 NO (mean ± SE, n = 16 groups of five mice), NOS 1-deficient mice exhaled 592 ± 74 × 10− 15 mol g− 1 min− 1 NO (n = 15 groups, p < 0.05 versus wild-type and NOS 2-deficient mice), NOS 2-deficient mice 330 ± 74 × 10− 15 mol g− 1 min− 1 NO (n = 14 groups) and NOS 3-deficient mice 766 ± 101 × 10− 15 mol g− 1 min− 1 NO (n = 16 groups, p < 0.001 versus wild-type and NOS 2-deficient mice). Pharmacological NOS inhibition with l-NAME decreased (p < 0.05) the exhaled NO production rate of wild-type and NOS 3-deficient but not of NOS 2-deficient mice. l-Arginine administration increased exhaled NO production rate in all but NOS 2-deficient mice. Absence of NOS 1 or 3 is associated with increased murine exhaled NO production rates. Since NOS 2-deficient mice were the only genotype to lack substrate- and inhibitor-regulated changes of NO exhalation, we suggest that NOS 2 is an important isoform contributing to exhaled NO exhalation in healthy mice.
Heterogeneity of the factor IX locus in nine hemophilia B inhibitor patients.
Authors: R J Matthews, D S Anson, I R Peake, A L Bloom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

DNA from nine hemophilia B patients who produce anti-factor IX inhibitors (antibodies), including two brothers, was analyzed by the Southern blotting method and hybridization with factor IX cDNA, intragenomic, and 3'-flanking probes. Two inhibitor patients were shown to have total deletions of the factor IX gene. Two other inhibitor patients, the brothers, were shown to have a presumably identical complex rearrangement of the factor IX gene involving two separate deletions. The first deletion is of approximately 5.0 kb and removes exon e. The second deletion is between 9 and 29 kb and removes exons g and h but leaves exon f intact. An abnormal Taq I fragment at one end of the deletion junctions acted as a marker for the inheritance of hemophilia B in the patients' family. Five other inhibitor patients have a structurally intact factor IX gene as detected by this method. Our studies indicate that whereas large structural factor IX gene defects predispose hemophilia B patients to developing an anti-factor IX inhibitor, the development of an inhibitor can be associated with other defects of the factor IX gene.
Effect of BN 52021, a platelet activating factor antagonist, on dithranol-induced inflammation
Authors: L. KEMENY, M. CSATO, P. BRAQUET, A. DOBOZY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The effect of BN 52021, a selective platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist was studied on dithranol-induced irritant dermatitis. Pretreatment of the skin with 0.45% BN 52021 ointment significantly suppressed the decrease in capillary resistance, rise in skin temperature and increase in skin-fold thickness produced by dithranol.
Effect of acute changes in aortic pressure on the coronary reserve
Authors: P G Antonatos, S G Foussas, S N Nanas, D G Karamoussalis, A G Theocharis, L P Anthopoulos, S D Moulopoulos
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to evaluate the effect of acute changes in aortic pressure on the coronary reserve and hyperaemic response.Aortic pressure changes were induced either by intra-aortic balloon pumping or by the production of acute aortic regurgitation. A transient 20 s occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery was used as the hyperaemic stimulus.The experiments were performed on 19 open chest anaesthetised dogs, weight 13-32 kg.During intra-aortic balloon pumping the mean diastolic aortic pressure increased by 24.7(SEM 2.9) mm Hg (p less than 0.001), while in aortic regurgitation it decreased by 47.7(11.1) mm Hg (p less than 0.01). At the peak hyperaemic response the driving coronary pressure was 121.4(2.8) mm Hg during intra-aortic balloon pumping and 59.8(11.5) mm Hg during aortic regurgitation. The peak hyperaemic flow increased by 12.0(3.8) ml.min-1 (p less than 0.01) during intra-aortic balloon pumping, compared to the values before pumping and decreased by 14.9(4.2) ml.min-1 (p less than 0.01) during aortic regurgitation, compared to the values before aortic regurgitation. The coronary reserve, expressed as the ratio of the hyperaemic to the resting flow, increased by 0.7(0.1) (p less than 0.001) during intra-aortic balloon pumping and decreased by 0.4(0.2) (p less than 0.05) during aortic regurgitation. A positive significant correlation coefficient was found at the peak hyperaemic response between the mean aortic pressure and the total forward effective coronary flow, and between the mean diastolic aortic pressure and the diastolic component of the coronary flow, during both intra-aortic balloon pumping and aortic regurgitation.The results suggest that coronary reserve increases during intra-aortic balloon pumping and decreases during aortic regurgitation; these changes could be attributed to the effect of the pressure changes on the hyperaemic flow.
Prostate Cancer Screening
Authors: Frederick J. Meyers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 June 1994Prostate Cancer ScreeningFrederick J. Meyers, MD and Paul H. Gumerlock, PhDFrederick J. Meyers, MDUniversity of California, Davis, Cancer Center; Sacramento, CA 95817Search for more papers by this author and Paul H. Gumerlock, PhDUniversity of California, Davis, Cancer Center; Sacramento, CA 95817Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The insightful article by Kramer and colleagues [1] and the accompanying editorial by Walsh [2] fail to recognize that the explanation for the success or failure of screening programs for cancer is its exquisite biology. The lessons from other malignancies can be translated to the investigation of prostatic carcinoma. Kramer and colleagues recognize that a cancer of one specific type is not monolithic but diverse in its biological behavior. The ubiquitous term “aggressive” should be replaced by more precise language about the potential for metastasis. The statistical term “lead time bias” would be converted into an understandable ...References1. Kramer BS, Brown ML, Prorok PC, Potosky AL. Prostate cancer screening: what we know and what we need to know. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:914-23. Google Scholar2. Walsh PC. Using prostate-specific antigen to diagnose prostate cancer: sailing in uncharted waters (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:948-9. Google Scholar3. Sporn MB. Chemoprevention of cancer. Lancet. 1993; 342:1211-3. Google Scholar4. Aznavoorian S, Murphy AN, Stetler-Stevenson WG, Liotta LA. Molecular aspects of tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Cancer. 1993; 71:1368-83. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Davis, Cancer Center; Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byShould medicare provide reimbursement for prostate-specific antigen testing for early detection of prostate cancer? part I: Framing the debate 15 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 12Page: 1052-1053KeywordsCancer geneticsCancer screeningCarcinogenesisCellsChemopreventionDeath ratesLesionsMolecular biologyProstate cancerRandomized trials Issue Published: 15 June 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Age- and Sex-Specific Genomic Profiles in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: William Mostertz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Gene expression profiling may be useful in examining differences underlying age- and sex-specific outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).To describe clinically relevant differences in the underlying biology of NSCLC based on patient age and sex.Retrospective analysis of 787 patients with predominantly early stage NSCLC performed at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, from July 2008 to June 2009. Lung tumor samples with corresponding microarray and clinical data were used. All patients were divided into subgroups based on age (< 70 vs > or = 70 years old) or sex. Gene expression signatures representing oncogenic pathway activation and tumor biology/microenvironment status were applied to these samples to obtain patterns of activation/deregulation.Patterns of oncogenic and molecular signaling pathway activation that are reproducible and correlate with 5-year recurrence-free patient survival.Low- and high-risk patient clusters/cohorts were identified with the longest and shortest 5-year recurrence-free survival, respectively, within the age and sex NSCLC subgroups. These cohorts of NSCLC demonstrate similar patterns of pathway activation. In patients younger than 70 years, high-risk patients, with the shortest recurrence-free survival, demonstrated increased activation of the Src (25% vs 6%; P<.001) and tumor necrosis factor (76% vs 42%; P<.001) pathways compared with low-risk patients. High-risk patients aged 70 years or older demonstrated increased activation of the wound healing (40% vs 24%; P = .02) and invasiveness (64% vs 20%; P<.001) pathways compared with low-risk patients. In women, high-risk patients demonstrated increased activation of the invasiveness (99% vs 2%; P<.001) and STAT3 (72% vs 35%; P<.001) pathways while high-risk men demonstrated increased activation of the STAT3 (87% vs 18%; P<.001), tumor necrosis factor (90% vs 46%; P<.001), EGFR (13% vs 2%; P = .003), and wound healing (50% vs 22%; P<.001) pathways. Multivariate analyses confirmed the independent clinical relevance of the pathway-based subphenotypes in women (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-3.03; P<.001) and patients younger than 70 years (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.24-2.71; P = .003). All observations were reproducible in split sample analyses.Among a cohort of patients with NSCLC, subgroups defined by oncogenic pathway activation profiles were associated with recurrence-free survival. These findings require validation in independent patient data sets.