tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life Is Short, the Art Long, Opportunity Fleeting, Experience Treacherous, Judgment Difficult
Authors: Paula L. Stillman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read the article in the Dec 18, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>by Drs Elliot and Hickam<sup>1</sup>with great interest. We were pleased to see the topic of the consistency of patient instructors (we now call them<i>standardized patients</i>) compared with faculty observers appear inTHE JOURNAL. To provide a valid and reliable method for evaluating physical examination skills of medical students is one of the challenges facing medical education today. We have trained patient instructors to teach and evaluate physical diagnosis skills for more than 15 years.<sup>2-4</sup>They have been used extensively throughout the undergraduate curriculum, as well as for residents and practitioners. Our experience with the use of patient instructors has been even more encouraging than that reported by Drs Elliot and Hickam. For example, we have used patient instructors as a quality control check of the skills of students in physical diagnosis
PD3-2-4: Third-line erlotinib therapy versus best supportive care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Is it cost effective?
Authors: Barb L. Melosky, Suzanne C. Taylor, Stuart J. Peacock, Karissa Johnston, Kim van der Hoek
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
THE EFFICACY OF A SERUM SCREENING SERVICE FOR NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS: THE SOUTH WALES EXPERIENCE
Authors: C.J. Roberts, G.H. Elder, K.M. Laurence, J.S. Woodhead, B.M. Hibbard, K.T. Evans, A. Roberts, I.B. Robertson, M. Hoole
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Two Cases of Hydatid Tumour of the Liver Successfully Treated by Aspiration: With Remarks
Authors: J. B. Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1876)

with so greatly enlarged a prostate, that extreme constipation was oc- casioned by it, ancl, since he went home to a distant part of the country, I am informed complete obstruction has taken place.The preparation lies before you connected with a curious case, in which, in consequence of gelatinous cancer of the sigmoid flexure, a free communication between the bladder and bowel was established and obstruction occasioned.Thus, then, it may be said generally that the lesser bowel is most liable to spasm, adhesions and bands, and internal herniary formations, while the great gut is more liable to be obstructed by foreign bodies, feculent accumulations, invagination, stricture, and twists.As regards age, it may also be considered approximately correct that obstruction arises from invaginiation most frequently in male children under six months old ; from bands and adhesions in young and middle- aged persons, especially in females; from volvulus, foreign bodies, strictures, bands and loops, and internal hernias, in middle-aged men ; arnd from cancer, feculent accumulations, gall-stones, and incarcerated hernia in the old.[To be continnzed.
SANITATION AND POLITICS.
Authors: WALTER WYMAN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The subject I have chosen is one on which I have reflected for some time, but I must confess at the outset that I have not given it the deep study and research required for its thorough and exhaustive treatment, so that these few remarks must be considered simply as preliminary in character with a view to stimulating both you and myself to a deeper study of the subject and a compilation of statistics and other facts bearing on it. In discussing this and other interesting subjects in this Section, it is well for us to recall the real object to be attained and for which this Section on Hygiene and Sanitary Science has been established as one of the principal deliberative sections of the American Medical Association. What is the object of hygiene and sanitary science? What can it be, except the elimination of preventable disease? Now this warfare
Judges rule that doctors cannot help men with locked-in syndrome to end their lives
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two men with locked-in syndrome who want doctors’ help in ending their lives have lost their right to die cases at the High Court in London.

Tony Nicklinson, 58, and a fellow stroke survivor named only as “Martin,” 47, told three judges that they wanted doctors to be able to help them die without the risk of prosecution for murder or assisting a suicide.

But the judges, headed by Lord Justice Toulson, declared that it was for parliament, not the courts, to change the law on assisted dying.

Both men have catastrophic physical disabilities, though their mental faculties are unimpaired and they could live …
Triiodothyronine and Cardiac Surgery-Reply
Authors: Elliott Bennett-Guerrero
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —We studied the effect of intravenous T 3 in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery at significant risk for postoperative inotropic support as determined by the Duke Cardiovascular Data Bank. Indeed, the high incidence of inotropic drug use in the control group of our study reconfirmed our inclusion criteria.  Approximately half of the patients in the placebo group from our study and from a similar study by Klemperer et al 1 required postoperative inotropic drugs, which demonstrates that both studies selected patients at high risk for requiring inotropic agents. While our study did not demonstrate an inotropic effect of T 3 in this patient population, it is possible (based on results from various animal studies 2,3 ) that patients with more severe disease (eg, ischemic cardiomyopathy or severely depressed ventricular function) might benefit from T 3 . Arguing against this point, however, is the lack of T 3 effect in the
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Ernest Beutler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IT has been estimated that the red cells of more than 200 million people are deficient in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). This X-linked hereditary deficiency was discovered more than 30 years ago as an outgrowth of studies of the unique sensitivity of some persons to the hemolytic action of drugs.1 Since that time much has been learned about the population genetics of G6PD deficiency and its effect on human health. More than 400 putative variants of the enzyme have been described, distinguished by their biochemical characteristics. However, some once-accepted concepts concerning the relation between G6PD deficiency and hemolysis have . . .
Plasma chitotriosidase activity in patients with β‐thalassemia
Authors: Rita Barone, Lucia Malaguarnera, Andrea Angius, Salvatore Musumeci
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

To the Editor: Studying cutaneous mastocytosis, we observed an unusual phenotype expression of lymphoid-associated antigens (Table I).With the exclusion of the reported reactivity of neoplastic mast cells for Bcl-2 [1], CD22 and CD2 [2], to the best of our knowledge, no other lymphoidassociated markers have been shown to be positive in mast cells.CD2 may be regarded as a mastocytosis-specific mast cell marker [3], even if not all neoplastic mast cells appeared to react with the antibody.The Bcl-2 positivity could be justified by the very long survival of mast cells, but the described reactivity [1] is not in agreement with that observed by other authors [3].We verify the strong reactivity of mast cells to a pan-T antigen, CD45RO, clones UCHL1 and A6 (Fig. 1), without any positivity for CD3 and CD5, and the aberrant reactivity for CD10 (CALLA) and Cyclin D1.CD10 is expressed by a wide variety of non-neoplastic hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal stromal cells and tumors [4], and thus it is not surprising to find reactivity in mast cells.Cyclin D1 (Bcl-1) belongs the family of Bcl proteins, which regulate the cellular survival: this finding is coherent with the proven Bcl-2 and Bcl-x positivity [1].Hence, it is important to know these immunohistochemical findings in mast cell diseases, to exclude incorrect diagnoses of lymphoproliferative diseases.
Abstract 5565: Differential changes of proteome profiles in the dorsal-lateral vs. ventral prostate of during TRAMP carcinogenesis
Authors: Jinhui Zhang, Lei Wang, Yong Zhang, Junxuan Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model is being widely used in the field of prostate cancer chemoprevention. As is understood today, the TRAMP represents at least two models of prostate carcinogenesis in the dorsal-lateral prostate (DLP, epithelial) and ventral prostate (VP, neuroendocrine). However, the molecular basis for the two lobe-specific lineages of carcinogenesis is poorly defined. To this end, we profiled concurrently the proteomes of DLP and VP lobes from the prostate of both TRAMP and wild type littermate C57BL/6 mice at the age of 17-18 weeks by 2D LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF with iTRAQ labeling. Totally 748 proteins were identified. In wild-type mice, 84 proteins were found to have different expression levels (cut-off 20%) between DLP and VP, including experimental autoimmune prostatitis antigen 2 (EAPA2), beta-tropomyosin, heat shock protein 5 (GRP78) and clusterin. In TRAMP mice, 118 proteins were found to be significantly changed in DLP and/or VP during TRAMP carcinogenesis. Among these 118 proteins, 55 and 36 proteins were uniquely changed in DLP or VP lobe, respectively, and 27 proteins in both DLP and LP lobe. 24 of the 27 proteins shared the same trend, albeit the extent of change was not exactly the same. Those shared changes such as up-regulation of HMGB 1&amp;2 and down-regulation of calponin-1 indicated possible common molecular events associated with TRAMP carcinogenesis. The other three proteins, clusterin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and aldose reductase went in opposing directions in DLP versus VP during carcinogenesis. Those three proteins, as well as other proteins changed only in DLP or VP (e.g. EAPA2 in DLP and alpha-2-macroglobulin in VP), are more likely related to lobe-specific mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The lobe-specific and TRAMP-related expression patterns of GRP78 and clusterin were further validated by western blot. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified 14-3-3 zeta/delta (up-regulated only in DLP), epidermal growth factor (EGF, up-regulated only in DLP) and NF-κB as distinct inferred network nodes in TRAMP carcinogenesis in DLP lobe, whereas ERK1/2 and FGF2 were recognized as network nodes in VP lobe during carcinogenesis. Additional experiments confirmed lobe-specific expression patterns of NF-κB p65 and FGF2 in both wild type and TRAMP mice. Overall our data-sets highlight different mechanisms were likely involved in modifying carcinogenesis in DLP and VP. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5565. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5565
Activation of sickle red blood cell adhesion via integrin-associated protein/CD47–induced signal transduction
Authors: Julia E. Brittain, Kathryn J. Mlinar, Christopher S. Anderson, Eugene P. Orringer, Leslie V. Parise
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Peripheral human red blood cells (RBCs) are not generally known to become activated and adhesive in response to cell signaling. We show, however, that soluble thrombospondin via integrin-associated protein (IAP; CD47) increases the adhesiveness of sickle RBCs (SS RBCs) by activating signal transduction in the SS RBC. This stimulated adhesion requires occupancy of IAP and shear stress and is mediated by the activation of large G proteins and tyrosine kinases. Reticulocyte-enriched RBCs derived from sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients are most responsive to IAP-induced activation. These studies therefore establish peripheral SS RBCs as signaling cells that respond to a novel synergy between IAP-induced signal transduction and shear stress, suggesting new therapeutic targets in SCD.
ANGIOSCOPIC NEOINTIMAL CHANGE OF EVEROLIMUS–ELUTING STENT COMPARED TO PACLITAXEL–ELUTING STENT: A SERIAL OBSERVATION OF CORONARY ANGIOSCOPY IN MULTICENTER
Authors: Daisuke Kitano, Tadateru Takayama, Tadahiro Saruya, Taro Kawano, Takashi Kanai, Kazuo Harasawa, Takafumi Hiro, Toshihiko Tochihara, Satoshi Saito, Atsushi Hirayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Community-Based Psychoeducational Group Approach to Hypochondriasis
Authors: Theo K. Bouman
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

This open trial investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of a cognitive-educational approach to hypochondriasis in a self-referred community sample.Twenty-seven of 43 interested applicants fulfilled DSM-criteria for hypochondriasis and resembled a hypochondriacal reference group according to the Groningen Illness Attitude Scale. Subjects participated in small groups for six 2-hour sessions aimed at educating them about hypochondriasis.The results showed that the 21 completers improved between pre- and post-test on parameters for hypochondriasis and depression, and that this improvement was maintained at 4 weeks and 6 months follow-up. Six subjects dropped out for various reasons, showing no decrease in relevant variables.Hypochondriacal subjects can be reached outside mental health settings, and a psychoeducational group approach may be an acceptable and effective method to reduce hypochondriacal psychopathology.
A novel vaccine for mantle cell lymphoma based on targeting cyclin D1 to dendritic cells via CD40
Authors: Jingtao Chen, Gerard Zurawski, Sandy Zurawski, Zhiqing Wang, Keiko Akagawa, Sangkon Oh, Ueno Hideki, Joseph Fay, Jacques Banchereau, Wenru Song, A Karolina Palucka
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2015)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct clinical pathologic subtype of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma often associated with poor prognosis. New therapeutic approaches based on boosting anti-tumor immunity are needed. MCL is associated with overexpression of cyclin D1 thus rendering this molecule an interesting target for immunotherapy. We show here a novel strategy for the development of recombinant vaccines carrying cyclin D1 cancer antigens that can be targeted to dendritic cells (DCs) via CD40. Healthy individuals and MCL patients have a broad repertoire of cyclin D1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Cyclin D1-specific T cells secrete IFN-γ. DCs loaded with whole tumor cells or with selected peptides can elicit cyclin D1-specific CD8+ T cells that kill MCL tumor cells. We developed a recombinant vaccine based on targeting cyclin D1 antigen to human DCs via an anti-CD40 mAb. Targeting monocyte-derived human DCs in vitro with anti-CD40-cyclin D1 fusion protein expanded a broad repertoire of cyclin D1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This study demonstrated that cyclin D1 represents a good target for immunotherapy and targeting cyclin D1 to DCs provides a new strategy for mantle cell lymphoma vaccine.
PREDICTORS OF TWO–YEAR MORTALITY AND RISK STRATIFICATION FOR PATIENTS WITH CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA TREATED WITH ENDOVASCULAR OR SURGICAL BYPASS RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Tatsuya Shiraki, Osamu Iida, Tomoharu Dohi, Takayuki Ishihara, Kiyonori Nanto, Takuma Iida, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
MicroRNA-199a-5p inhibition enhances the liver repopulation ability of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatic cells
Authors: Selina Möbus, Dakai Yang, Qinggong Yuan, Timo H.-W. Lüdtke, Asha Balakrishnan, Malte Sgodda, Bhavna Rani, Andreas Kispert, Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo, Arndt Vogel, Michael P. Manns, Michael Ott, Tobias Cantz, Amar Deep Sharma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Testing Therapies Less Effective than the Best Current Standard: Ethical Beliefs in an International Sample of Researchers
Authors: David M. Kent, Mkaya Mwamburi, Richard A. Cash, Tracy L. Rabin, Michael L Bennish
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

Objectives : To test the range of beliefs regarding the ethics of testing, in resource poor settings, new therapies that are less efficacious but more affordable and feasible than the best current therapeutic standard. Design : Using a web-based survey, we presented a hypothetical scenario proposing to test a therapy for HIV disease ("therapeutic inoculation") known to be less efficacious than highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Respondents evaluated various trial designs as ethical or unethical. Participants : 604 subscribers to two listservs for individuals interested in international health research ethics. Main outcome measures : Proportion of respondents endorsing trials testing this "substandard" therapy, and proportion endorsing placebo-controlled trials. Results : There were 215 respondents from 47 countries. Forty-five percent of respondents were from low or middle income countries; 96% devoted at least some time to research activities; and 75% had "some" or "considerable" research experience in developing countries. Of respondents, 97% (95% CI 94.7 to 99.4) endorsed testing therapeutic inoculation, without HAART, in patients with HIV disease; 86% (95% CI 81.4% to 90.7%) endorsed testing against placebo. Sixty-eight percent explicitly endorsed principles where the standard of care for subjects in clinical trials is determined by local, not universal, standards. There were no differences in responses based on respondent education-level or the income-level of their country of citizenship. Conclusion : There was broad agreement that a therapy of potential local benefit may be tested, even when that therapy is known to be inferior to the standard of care in wealthy countries. Most agreed that a placebo control may be used in some circumstances.
Abstract 3009: Identification of cancer specific ERG target gene signatures.
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed, Lakshmi Ravindranth, Shilpa Katta, Shyh-Han Tan, Yongmei Chen, Gyorgy Petrovics, Albert Dobi, Shiv Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: ETS Related Gene (ERG) is aberrantly expressed in more than two-third of prostate cancers (CaP) due to gene fusions. CaP specific TMPRSS2- ERG fusion is a promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target. Cancer associated expression of ERG have also been described in several cancers. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying ERG induced oncogenic process in specific cancers are not clearly understood. Identification and thorough characterization of downstream target genes may aid to design effective therapeutic strategies for ERG expressing cancers. In this study, we have identified cancer specific ERG target gene signature of ERG expressing cancer cells that may be utilized as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ERG expressing CaP patients. Methods: Illumina BeadChips microarray analysis was performed to profile ERG specific RNA signature from ERG positive tumor cell lines and normal ERG expressing endothelial cells transfected with either ERG specific siRNA or non-targeting siRNA. Functional gene clustering and Venn diagram analysis was employed to show the overlap of the common and unique gene sets regulated by ERG in these cells. Gene expression was analyzed by Western blot, QRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. Results: Biological function based gene clustering analysis identified two distinct gene signatures (normal and cancer specific) regulated by ERG. Knockdown of ERG in malignant cells resulted in overexpression of differentiation markers such as MSMB, KLK3, SLC45A3, NKX3.1, and NOV4 in prostate cancer (VCaP cells), and APC, DCC, CTNNB1, and NKD1 in colon cancer (COLO320 cells). In contrast, knockdown of ERG in normal endothelial-derived HUVEC cells resulted in the repression of differentiation markers such as CDH5, ANGEL2, and TIE1. Conclusions: We identified tumor specific ERG target gene signature using normal and various cancer cell lines. This study confirmed the cell context dependent role of ERG in tumor and in normal endothelial cells. These observations have the potential to enhance our understanding of ERG biological functions thereby facilitate the design of suitable therapeutic mechanism. Citation Format: Ahmed Mohamed, Lakshmi Ravindranth, Shilpa Katta, Shyh-Han Tan, Yongmei Chen, Gyorgy Petrovics, Albert Dobi, Shiv Srivastava. Identification of cancer specific ERG target gene signatures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3009. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3009
Inhaled cyclosporine may increase survival after lung transplantation
Authors: A Sykes
Journal: Thorax (2006)

▴ Iacono AT, Johnson BA, Grgurich WF, et al. A randomized trial of inhaled cyclosporine in lung-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med2006;354:141–50 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In this single centre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial, inhaled cyclosporine 300 mg or placebo was given in addition to conventional immunosuppression for 3 days a week for the first 2 years after lung transplantation. The trial included 58 recipients of a single or bilateral lung transplant. The primary end point was the rate … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DIacono%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%2BT.%26rft.volume%253D354%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D141%26rft.epage%253D150%26rft.atitle%253DA%2BRandomized%2BTrial%2Bof%2BInhaled%2BCyclosporine%2Bin%2BLung-Transplant%2BRecipients%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa043204%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16407509%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa043204&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16407509&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F61%2F4%2F305.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000234528600006&link_type=ISI
Management of Non-neoplastic Stenoses of the GI-tract - A Further Indication for Nd-Yag Laser Application
Authors: R. Sander, H. Pösl, A. Spuhler
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Four non-tumoral stenoses - 2 peptic in the esophagus, and 2 postoperative in the rectosigmoid colon - have been successfully treated with Nd YAG laser without any complications. This new therapeutic technique represents a new approach to curative management and is basically capable of replacing surgical treatment.
Institutional Review Boards and Protecting Human Research Participants—Reply
Authors: Christine Grady
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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