tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cromolyn on Codeine‐Induced Histamine Release <i>in Vivo</i>
Authors: S. Ting, E. F. Reimann, B. Zweiman
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Cromolyn has been shown to inhibit histamine release from mast cells induced by various stimuli in vitro. However, the local effects of cromolyn on codeine‐induced wheal and flare skin reactions are not well understood. Intradermal injection of codeine induced prominent whealing in almost all humans. We studied the effect of local cromolyn injection on codeine‐induced skin reactions, histamine release, and ultramicroscopic changes in mast cells in 10 volunteers. The finding in this study showed that injection of a 2% cromolyn solution before or together with the codeine injection does not affect the subsequent skin reactions, histamine release and ultramicroscopic changes of mast cells.
Improving the safety of patients in England
Authors: M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The health service in England has been subjected to unprecedented scrutiny in recent years, with the Francis Report, 1 Keogh Review, 2 and now a report from a panel chaired by the American patient safety guru, Don Berwick. 3 Although all deal with the same problem, the reports are quite different.Whereas Francis, a lawyer, produced a document stretching to more than 1700 pages, with 290 recommendations, Keogh and Berwick, both doctors, wrote concise analyses, with Berwick's amounting to only 46 pages and 10 recommendations.For those unwilling to read even that, Berwick adds three letters, to senior government officials, to NHS staff, and to the people of England.Each emphasises four fundamental principles, that quality and safety must be placed above all else, that patients and carers must be empowered and heard, that staff should be developed and supported, and that there should be thorough and unequivocal transparency.Unfortunately, despite its brevity, the immediate responses suggested that those commenting on it had failed to read it thoroughly.The health secretary claimed that it supported the government's reforms, whereas patient groups believed that it ignored some of their key demands. 4 Neither conclusion is justified.This is a report whose every word requires careful study, not superficial scanning.
Leukemia in Arsenic Poisoning
Authors: CARL R. KJELDSBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Aplastic anemia developed in a 67-year-old man after many months' use of arsenic-containing pesticides. He was treated with penicillamine and oxymetholone, which promptly restored his blood count to normal limits. Three months later he again had aplastic anemia, and the urine once more contained considerable amounts of arsenic. Treatment with pencillamine and oxymetholone was reinstituted. This resulted in excellent urinary excretion of arsenic, but his blood count did not improve. Five months after pancytopenia first developed, he had acute myelogenous leukemia, which was treated with prednisone, cytosine arabinoside, and thioguanine. This had no beneficial effects, and he died of klebsiella septicemia. Autopsy showed widespread leukemic infiltrates.
ECG Monitoring of Enuretic Children Given Imipramine
Authors: Gilbert I. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Imipramine hydrochloride (Tofranil) has been widely used in the therapy of childhood enuresis.<sup>1,2</sup>In 1960 Noack<sup>3</sup>described the first pediatric patient with imipramine poisoning, and since that time others have reported toxic effects from this drug. Imipramine hydrochloride has a direct effect on the myocardium, and most complications are cardiotoxic in nature. These disturbances occur with "overdosage," and the only cardiovascular effect noted thus far in children with therapeutic dosages has been postural hypotension. Kristiansen noted specific electrocardiographic abnormalities in adults receiving therapeutic doses of imipramine hydrochloride for depression.<sup>4</sup>These abnormalities include flattening or inversion of the T waves and occasionally ST segment depression. This report describes electrocardiographic monitoring of 14 patients receiving three dosage schedules of imipramine hydrochloride for treatment of enuresis. <h3>Materials and Methods.—</h3> Fourteen children, nine boys and five girls, aged 5 to 10 years were included in the study population.
DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA.Read before Chicago Medical Society, February 15, 1892.
Authors: JOSEPH M. PATTON
Journal: JAMA (1892)

There is nothing especially new to be said on the subject of the diagnosis of pneumonia. The symptoms, both subjective and objective, upon which the diagnosis of a typical case of the disease is to be based are so familiar to you all that it would be superfluous to enumerate them, and yet the difficulties of making a correct diagnosis, which are sometimes present, remind us that the clear clinical picture as depicted in our text-books is at times widely departed from in clinical fact. Let us make a brief comparison of relative diagnostic merits of the symptoms which present. Some diagnostic importance is to be attached to the facies of the disorder. The anxious countenance combined with the pneumonic spot over the malar prominence, the mahogany color which this spot may assume, and which may be an early objective sign are at times characteristic. There is also a peculiar
Nuclear ploidy of normal and neoplastic hepatocytes from woodchuck hepatitis virus–infected and uninfected woodchucks
Authors: John M. Cullen, David W. Linzey, Douglas H. Gebhard
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Flow cytometric analysis of the ploidy of normal and neoplastic hepatocyte nuclei obtained from adult woodchucks, a model of human hepadnavirus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, was performed. All 36 samples of nuclei from non-neoplastic liver from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected or uninfected liver were diploid, indicating that age-related nuclear polyploidization does not occur in this species, unlike other rodents. Individual or multiple hepatic neoplasms were obtained from each of 14 woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks. Nineteen samples of hepatocellular carcinoma and eight adenomas were examined. Aneuploid nuclei were detected in 10 of the hepatocellular carcinomas and three of the adenoma samples. Similar DNA indexes, ranging from 1.11 to 1.22, were found in 7 of the 10 aneuploid HCCs and all 3 aneuploid adenomas. Nine of the 19 hepatocellular carcinoma samples and 5 of the 8 adenomas were diploid. Four of the diploid hepatocellular carcinomas had increased proportions of tetraploid nuclei. The presence of aneuploid nuclei was not related to histological appearance of the neoplasms or serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase levels. Because none of the hepatocellular carcinomas metastasized, the presence of aneuploidy could not be related to biological behavior. We determined the proportion of uninucleate and binucleate hepatocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma and nonneoplastic liver. Approximately 7% of hepatocytes were binucleate in nonneoplastic liver from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected and uninfected liver. Only 2% of malignant hepatocytes were binucleate. The results of this study indicate that aneuploidy is a common change in hepatic neoplasms from woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks.
Patient data, confidentiality, and electronics
Authors: G. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Quantitative assessment of stream nitrate-nitrogen (NO<sub>3</sub>-N) export in a watershed with an external underground water source is complex because the underground flux for both the water discharge and NO<sub>3</sub>-N cannot be directly measured. A modeling approach, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), was tested to simulate the NO<sub>3</sub>-N export in the 672 km<sup>2</sup> (417 mi<sup>2</sup>) Shibetsu Watershed with external water source (EXT) in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. The EXT and its NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading contents were added as the assumed point source discharge and loading in the SWAT model. The results yielded high Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient (Ens) values for daily streamflow (over 0.5) and monthly NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading (over 0.7) for the simulation during the calibration and validation periods. The simulated seasonal patterns of discharge and NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading were also well matched with the measured data during 2004 to 2008. However, the spatial patterns of NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentrations showed a poor <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> correlation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.34) with the measured data in 2004. These results showed that, although the model had limitations for the simulation of spatial patterns, the method of adding EXT and NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading as assumed points in SWAT was reasonable for the assessment of the stream NO<sub>3</sub>-N export. Therefore, the calibrated model was repeated without adding EXT and NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading as assumed points. Approximately 66% of the NO<sub>3</sub>-N export was from the watershed itself, and the NO<sub>3</sub>-N export was high in the grasslands. These results indicated that most of the NO<sub>3</sub>-N export was related to dairy farming in the Shibetsu Watershed, and the best management practices for controlling nonpoint source pollution should focus on manure applications on grasslands in the future. Meanwhile, the EXT (47% of streamflow) contributed to 34% of the annual NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading, which may cause the overestimation of the stream NO<sub>3</sub>-N export when using only the measured data. Therefore, the EXT should not be ignored when estimating the annual NO<sub>3</sub>-N loading.
Bacteremia, Fever, and Splenomegaly Caused by a Newly Recognized Bartonella Species
Authors: Marina E. Eremeeva, Helen L. Gerns, Shari L. Lydy, Jeanna S. Goo, Edward T. Ryan, Smitha S. Mathew, Mary Jane Ferraro, Judith M. Holden, William L. Nicholson, Gregory A. Dasch, Jane E. Koehler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Bartonella species cause serious human infections globally, including bacillary angiomatosis, Oroya fever, trench fever, and endocarditis. We describe a patient who had fever and splenomegaly after traveling to Peru and also had bacteremia from an organism that resembled Bartonella bacilliformis, the causative agent of Oroya fever, which is endemic to Peru. However, genetic analyses revealed that this fastidious bacterium represented a previously uncultured and unnamed bartonella species, closely related to B. clarridgeiae and more distantly related to B. bacilliformis. We characterized this isolate, including its ability to cause fever and sustained bacteremia in a rhesus macaque. The route of infection and burden of human disease associated with this newly described pathogen are currently unknown.
Health-related quality of life in chronic myeloid leukemia patients receiving long-term therapy with imatinib compared with the general population
Authors: Fabio Efficace, Michele Baccarani, Massimo Breccia, Giuliana Alimena, Gianantonio Rosti, Francesco Cottone, Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers, Claudia Baratè, Antonella Russo Rossi, Giuseppe Fioritoni, Luigia Luciano, Diamante Turri, Bruno Martino, Francesco Di Raimondo, Melissa Dabusti, Micaela Bergamaschi, Pietro Leoni, Maria Pina Simula, Luciano Levato, Stefano Ulisciani, Dino Veneri, Simona Sica, Alessandro Rambaldi, Marco Vignetti, Franco Mandelli
Journal: Blood (2011)
SOME NEGLECTED PSYCHOPATHIC FACTORS
Authors: TOM A. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Before the American Psychopathological Association in 1911 there was presented a study of psychogenic disorders in childhood<sup>1</sup>in which psychogenic factors were revealed dependent on fear, anxiety, jealousy and mortification of sources independent of sex; and in 1910 an analysis of three cases of contrasting types<sup>2</sup>which illustrate that other factors than the sexual were responsible for the maladjustment because of which the patients were eventually brought to me. In the last of these, in which suicide had been attempted four times, I attempted to show that the sexual aspect of masturbation was of negligible importance both in the induction of severe psychotic disturbance and in the recuperation of the patient, which was effected in ten days. The disadaptative factor was psychosocial. Although the mechanism, consisting of powerful sadistic impulses, in the first of these cases was highly sexual, yet catharsis was ineffective therapeutically, and the cure was
Quality of prescribing for children
Authors: J. Catford
Journal: BMJ (1980)

It is worth pointing out that some of the drugs in Dr Catford's list are considered hazardous or undesirable on the basis of inadequate information relating to their use in children, and in fact two-thirds of the drugs in the British National Formulary and the Data Sheet Compendium' have limited use in children because of disclaimers or inadequate dose information.2For most other drugs in these prescribing reference texts the basis on which dose recommendations are made may be inappropriate,2 and there is little that the general practitioner can do about this.Good prescribing is certainly relative, but it seems to us that Dr Catford's method of assessing the quality of prescribing is both limited and inadequate.
The geographic apportionment of mitochondrial genetic diversity in east African chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Authors: T. L. Goldberg, M. Ruvolo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

This study is a geographically systematic genetic survey of the easternmost subspecies of chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii. DNA was noninvasively collected in the form of shed hair from chimpanzees of known origin in Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Zare. Two hundred sixty-two DNA sequences from hypervariable region 1 of which of the mitochondrial control region were generated. Eastern chimpanzees display levels of mitochondrial genetic variation which are low and which are similar to levels observed in humans (Homo sapiens). Also like humans, between 80% and 90% of the genetic variability within the eastern chimpanzees is apportioned within populations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that genetic similarity between eastern chimpanzees decreases clinically with distance, in a pattern remarkably similar to one seen for humans separated by equivalent geographic distances. Eastern chimpanzee mismatch distributions (frequency distributions of pairwise genetic differences between individuals) are similar in shape to those for humans, implying similar population histories of recent demographic expansion. The overall pattern of genetic variability in eastern chimpanzees is consistent with the hypothesis that the subject has responded demographically to paleoclimatically driven changes in the distribution of eastern African forests during the recent Pleistocene.
Can Resuscitation Jeopardize Survival?
Authors: George Lister, J. Julio Pérez Fontán
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Resuscitations are events that are often clouded by desperation and frenzy and directed by persons with limited experience, who may feel a great burden of responsibility for the circumstances precipitating the respiratory or cardiac arrest. The consequences of any delay in restoring ventilation and circulation are both sobering and frightening. Failure often assumes a personal tone, leaving the responders with feelings of inadequacy, especially when the patient is a child.Anyone who witnessed the attempted resuscitation of an infant or child before the publication of the first Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines in 19861 recognizes the value of an . . .
Primary Health Care in an International Context
Authors: W. M Patterson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

John Fry, John Horder Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust, pounds sterling16, pp 166 ISBN 0 900574 90 9

The fascination of Primary Health Care in an International Context is tinged with sadness. We will no longer be enlightened, entertained, sometimes infuriated, but always stimulated by the writing of the late John Fry. General practice and patient care will be the losers. For a medical travel addict, this account of countries visited by John Fry and John Horder rings true, bringing to light problems and aspirations concerning patient care …
Use of Total-Body Radiation in the Treatment of Far-Advanced Malignancies
Authors: E. Richard King
Journal: JAMA (1961)

FOR SEVERAL decades, attempts have been made to use total-body radiation as a form of cancer therapy. Originally, low-energy x-rays were used, as well as radium, which was administered both as an external and an internal radiation source.1-3Since the invention of the cyclotron, and later, the development of the nuclear reactor, artificial radionuclides have been available for this type of therapy, and the reports of therapeutic applications of the internally administered radionuclides P32, Na24, K42,I131, Au198, and others, are too numerous to list as references.  Until fairly recently, there were many limitations to the use of high-energy rays in delivering a uniform dose of total-body radiation. Thirty years ago, Heublein1reported the design and use of a radiation room in which patients were bathed with moderately energetic x-rays from a distantly placed radiation therapy unit. Within the past 15 years,
Testosterone Reduction Prevents Phenotypic Expression in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Masahisa Katsuno, Hiroaki Adachi, Akito Kume, Mei Li, Yuji Nakagomi, Hisayoshi Niwa, Chen Sang, Yasushi Kobayashi, Manabu Doyu, Gen Sobue
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Coronary Vasospasm Induced in Transgenic Mouse With Increased Phospholipase C-δ1 Activity
Authors: Shuji Shibutani, Tomohiro Osanai, Toshihiro Ashitate, Shigeki Sagara, Kei Izumiyama, Yuko Yamamoto, Kenji Hanada, Takashi Echizen, Hirofumi Tomita, Takeshi Fujita, Takeshi Miwa, Hiroaki Matsubara, Yoshimi Homma, Ken Okumura
Journal: Circulation (2012)

We reported that phospholipase C (PLC)-δ1 activity was enhanced 3-fold in patients with coronary spastic angina. We detected variant PLC-δ1 with replacement of arginine 257 by histidine (R257H) showing increased enzymatic activity. We tested the hypothesis that increased PLC-δ1 activity causes enhanced coronary vasomotility.We generated transgenic (TG) mice with human R257H variant PLC-δ1 in vascular smooth muscle cells. PLC enzymatic activity in the coronary artery was increased by 2.57 and 1.89 times, respectively, in homozygous and heterozygous TG compared with wild-type (WT) mice. ST elevation after ergometrine occurred in 17 of 18 homozygous TG, 6 of 20 heterozygous TG, and 3 of 22 WT mice (P<0.01, homozygous TG versus WT; P<0.05, homozygous TG versus heterozygous TG; P=NS, heterozygous TG versus WT). ST elevation was associated with bradyarrhythmias in homozygous TG mice. Focal coronary artery narrowing was documented with the microvascular filling technique in 3 of 5 homozygous TG mice after ergometrine but not in any of 7 WT mice (P<0.05). In the isolated Langendorff hearts, coronary perfusion pressure was increased after ergometrine in homozygous TG mice (P<0.01) but not in heterozygous TG or WT mice. Coronary perfusion pressure increase after prostaglandin F2α was similar among homozygous TG, heterozygous TG, and WT mice. Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells transfected with variant PLC-δ1 showed a higher PLC activity than those with WT PLC-δ1 (P<0.05) and furthermore showed greater intracellular Ca2+ response to acetylcholine in variant than in WT PLC-δ1 (P<0.05).Increased PLC-δ1 activity enhances coronary vasomotility such as that seen in patients with coronary spastic angina.
Modern Trends in Diagnostic Radiology (Third Series)
Authors: Fred O. Coe
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The opening chapters of this book deal with new apparatus, techniques, and protection. A description of image intensifiers and their relation to cineradiography is given. The chapter on protection in the diagnostic x-ray department is timely and of real value. It should be especially useful in the United States where there is growing interest in such protection by municipal and state health departments. All the chapters are followed by a full list of references, which is a desirable feature too often neglected. The chapter on radiology in research is short but adequate. It outlines the trend in this field. The next chapter deals with the changing pattern of chest disease and contains material with which every radiologist should be familiar. The portion on lung cancer is especially good. Then follow chapters on evaluation of cardiac function by angiocardiography and cineradiology. These functions of the radiological department are mainly for very
Multiple genetic alterations in human carcinogenesis.
Authors: T Sugimura, M Terada, J Yokota, S Hirohashi, K Wakabayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Cancer development in man appeared to be a multistage process as suggested by epidemiological studies on commonly occurring gastric, colon, and breast cancers and also on human retrovirus-related leukemia, and by the finding by physicians and surgeons of precancerous lesions for many types of neoplasias. In the last 10 years it has become evident that human cancers have multiple genetic alterations caused by point mutations, recombinations, amplifications, and/or deletions. The genes affected include both oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes and genes that accelerate cell proliferation and metastasis. Cancers with more malignant properties and poorer prognosis are generally associated with larger numbers of genetic alterations. These multiple genetic alterations are considered to be a direct reflection of the multiple steps involved in carcinogenesis. The multiple genetic alterations are caused by multiple environmental carcinogenic substances or factors, each of which usually exists only at minute concentrations and does not exert any major impact alone except under particular occupational, iatrogenic, and locally geographic conditions. The fact that carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving multiple genetic alterations clearly needs to be taken into consideration in assessing the risks of environmental carcinogenic substances or factors. The increasing incidence of multiple primary cancers is also most easily understood from the viewpoint of multiple steps in carcinogenesis. Possible multiple approaches to cancer prevention should therefore be considered in relation to multistep carcinogenesis and multiple carcinogenic factors.
The Great American Fraud.
Authors: Percy Fridenberg
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New York City, May 15, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The methods of the "patent medicine" quack and advertising charlatan were pointed out anew in the two cases reported inThe Journal, May 11, 1907. The usual details of low and sordid deceit, rapacity, hypocritical interest in the patients'—or rather the victims'—well being, and mock piety of a particularly offensive and greasy nature are coupled in these instances by actual false representations as to the nature of the remedy, the results to be attained by its use, the danger of neglect of "treatment," and other items. In the same communication Dr. Miller proposes that an effort be made to raise a fund to have<i>Collier's Weekly</i>and the<i>Ladies' Home Journal</i>republish their articles on "patent medicines" in pamphlet form, and gives it as his opinion that this would be "the most vital blow that could be given this colossal fraud."