tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ischemic preconditioning during coronary angioplasty is prevented by glibenclamide, a selective ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker.
Authors: F Tomai, F Crea, A Gaspardone, F Versaci, R De Paulis, A Penta de Peppo, L Chiariello, P A Gioffrè
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Brief episodes of ischemia render the heart more resistant to subsequent ischemia; this phenomenon has been called ischemic preconditioning. In some animal species, myocardial preconditioning appears to be due to activation of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. The role played by KATP channels in preconditioning in humans remains unknown. The aim of this study was to establish whether glibenclamide, a selective KATP channel blocker, abolishes the ischemic preconditioning observed in humans during coronary angioplasty following repeated balloon inflations. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty consecutive patients undergoing one-vessel coronary angioplasty were randomized to receive 10 mg oral glibenclamide or placebo. Sixty minutes after glibenclamide or placebo administration, patients were given an infusion of 10% dextrose (8 mL/min) to correct glucose plasma levels or, respectively, an infusion of saline at the same infusion rate. Thirty minutes after the beginning of the infusion, both patient groups underwent coronary angioplasty. The mean values (+/- 1 SD) of ST-segment shifts on the surface 12-lead ECG and the intracoronary ECG were measured at the end of the first and second balloon inflations, both 2 minutes long. In glibenclamide-treated patients, the mean ST-segment shift during the second balloon inflation was similar to that observed during the first inflation (23 +/- 13 versus 20 +/- 8 mm, P = NS), and the severity of cardiac pain was greater (55 +/- 21 versus 43 +/- 23 mm on a scale of 0 to 100, P &lt; .05). Conversely, in placebo-treated patients the mean ST-segment shift during the second inflation was less than that during the first inflation (9 +/- 5 versus 23 +/- 13 mm, P &lt; .001), as was the severity of cardiac pain (15 +/- 15 versus 42 +/- 19 mm, P &lt; .01). Blood glucose levels were significantly reduced 60 minutes after glibenclamide compared with those at baseline (53 +/- 9 versus 102 +/- 10 mg/100 mL, P &lt; .001) in the glibenclamide group; however, before coronary angioplasty, blood glucose levels increased to 95 +/- 19 mg/100 mL, a value similar to that found in placebo group (96 +/- 11 mg/100 mL, P = NS). CONCLUSIONS In humans, ischemic preconditioning during brief repeated coronary occlusions is completely abolished by pretreatment with glibenclamide, thus suggesting that it is mainly mediated by KATP channels.
Activation of myocardial adenyl cyclase by histamine in guinea pig, cat, and human heart
Authors: Irwin Klein, Gerald S. Levey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Histamine has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart which are not abolished by beta adrenergic-blocking agents. Since the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of other hormones on the heart are thought to be mediated by cyclic 3',5'-AMP, we examined the effect of histamine on adenyl cyclase in particulate preparations of guinea pig, cat, and human myocardium. Histamine at the peak of its dose-response curve, 3 x 10(-4)moles/liter, produced approximately a 300% increase in cyclic 3',5'-AMP accumulation in the guinea pig, 60% in the cat, and 90% in the human heart particles. Half-maximal activity for the histamine mediated activation of adenyl cyclase in the guinea pig was 9 x 10(-6)moles/liter, almost identical with that observed for norepinephrine in the same preparation. DL-Propranolol, 1 x 10(-5)moles/liter, did not abolish the activation of adenyl cyclase produced by histamine but did abolish the activation produced by norepinephrine. In contrast, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Benadryl, 8 x 10(-5)moles/liter, abolished the activation of adenyl cyclase by histamine but not that produced by norepinephrine. These data suggest that there are at least two receptor sites in guinea pig heart mediating the activation of adenyl cyclase, one responsive to histamine, the other to norepinephrine. In addition, combined maximal doses of histamine and norepinephrine produced completely additive effects on the activation of adenyl cyclase, which suggests that at least two separate adenyl cyclase systems are present in the heart, each responsive to one of these hormones. However, definitive proof would require physical separation of the two enzymes.
The Treatment of Syphilis by Moist Mercurial Fumigation
Authors: J. R. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1875)

of after-vomiting, and, in ovariotomy, from the chance of losing their lives in certain cases of bad adhesion from bleeding being set up by the sickness after the abdomen is closed.WVhether of itself it diminishes the risk of operations, I cannot tell; but I am inclined to think that it does often save the feeble ones.This much I can say, that ether has now been given in one hundred and thirty-five cases of ovariotomy, and in two cases of successful removal of the uterus for fibro-cystic tumour.In every case, the anaesthesia was profound, many of the operations were very tedious, and, of the last sixty-six operated on, sixty have recovered.
Before Morning Rounds
Authors: Martha Leslie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Ad Libitum15 July 1996Before Morning RoundsMartha Leslie, MDMartha Leslie, MDPalo Alto, CA 94304-2205Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail No Trespassingthe haggard bit of cardboard in the puddle readshow nice to sit so dry inside this windowon this muted grey morningand watch as the windreckless outcast of ordered wardsblows rippling waves on this small laketossing about the cardboard raftfirst this way—then thatcaprice the only governing lawhow comforting indeedas dawn creeps slowly down into this spaceto know there are opportunitiespossibilities not predeterminedwhere hope can dance unfetteredand the spirit can fly with the wind Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Martha Leslie, MDAffiliations: Palo Alto, CA 94304-2205Corresponding Author: Martha Leslie, Stanford Medical Group W2080, 900 Blake Wilbur Drive, Palo Alto, Ca 94304-2205. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 110 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Endoscopic laser therapy in malignant tracheobronchial obstruction using sequential Nd YAG laser and photodynamic therapy
Authors: K. Moghissi, K. Dixon, E. Hudson, M. Stringer, S. Brown
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Because the survival after treatment of advanced inoperable endo-tracheobronchial carcinoma is so poor, a pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the combined cumulative effect on survival of neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd YAG) laser followed by photodynamic treatment used endoscopically.Seventeen patients who presented between January 1992 and March 1996 with inoperable tracheobronchial lesions causing more than 50% endoluminal obstruction were selected to enter the pilot study. Initially they had bronchoscopic Nd YAG laser treatment to debulk the tumour, and this was followed six weeks later by photodynamic therapy to treat the residual tumour.All patients had symptomatic relief and at least a partial response, and seven had a complete response for 3-6 months. Eight of the 17 (47%) survived for at least two years and 11 (65%) survived for a year or more. The median survival of the 10 patients who had died by the time of writing was 18.5 months (range 5-39), 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.9 to 29.5.Combined Nd YAG laser and endoscopic photodynamic therapy may be an effective palliative treatment for patients with inoperable endotracheobronchial cancer.
A History of the Rockefeller Institute 1901-1953: Origins and Growth
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The present overwhelming importance of medical science makes us tend to forget the rather sad state of medicine at the end of the 19th century. In the development of 20th-century medicine the crucial part played by the Johns Hopkins University has, in several recent publications, become better known. And now the Rockefeller Institute emerges into proper perspective. The actual founding of the Rockefeller Institute owes a great deal to the Rev. Frederick T. Gates, a man of great business talent and efficiency, who served as adviser to Rockefeller and became his "chief almoner." The creation of a medical research institute required careful preparation. The actual events leading up to the founding, the search for personnel to direct the new institute and to staff it, the description of physically setting up the institute and the solution of various problems, all read like a fascinating novel. Many of the great men of
Randomised trial of hysterectomy, endometrial laser ablation, and transcervical endometrial resection for dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: S B Pinion, D E Parkin, D R Abramovich, A Naji, D A Alexander, I T Russell, H C Kitchener
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endometrial laser ablation and transcervical resection of the endometrium compared with hysterectomy in the surgical treatment of women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. <b>Design</b>: Prospective randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b>: Gynaecology department of a large teaching hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 204 women who would otherwise have been undergoing hysterectomy for menorrhagia were recruited between August 1990 and March 1992 and randomly allocated to hysterectomy (n=99) or conservative (hysteroscopic) surgery (transcervical resection (n=52) and laser ablation (n=53)). <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Operative complications, postoperative recovery, relief of menstrual and other symptoms, patient satisfaction with treatment after six and 12 months. Results - Women treated by hysteroscopic surgery had less early morbidity and a significantly shorter recovery period than those treated by hysterectomy (median time to full recovery 2-4 weeks v 2-3 months, P&lt;0.001). Twelve months later 17 women in the hysteroscopy group had had a hysterectomy, 11 for continuing symptoms; 11 women had had a repeat hysteroscopic procedure; 45 were amenorrhoeic or had only a brown discharge; and 35 had light periods. Dysmenorrhoea and premenstrual symptoms improved in most women in both groups. After 12 months 89% (79/89) in the hysterectomy group and 78% (75/96) in the hysteroscopy group were very satisfied with the effect of surgery (P&lt;0.05); 95% (85/89) and 90% (86/96) thought that there had been an acceptable improvement in symptoms, and 72% (64/89) and 71% (68/96) would recommend the same operation to others. <b>Conclusions</b>: Hysteroscopic endometrial ablation was superior to hysterectomy in terms of operative complications and postoperative recovery. Satisfaction after hysterectomy was significantly higher, but between 70% and 90% of the women were satisfied with the outcome of hysteroscopic surgery. Hysteroscopic surgery can be recommended as an alternative to hysterectomy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
Evaluation of a gluten free product containing wheat gliadin in patients with coeliac disease.
Authors: P J Ciclitira, H J Ellis, N L Fagg
Journal: BMJ (1984)

organisms treated with co-trimoxazole suggests differences in the clinical activities of these drugs.Amoxycillin alone is limited in its activity against urinary pathogens owing to the frequent presence of /1-lactamases.Martinelli et al reported that 36% of urine isolates were resistant to ampicillin or amoxycillin,3 and we found a similar incidence.This resistance can be successfully countered by adding clavu- lanate to amoxycillin as Augmentin.4The clinical appropriateness of Augmentin is now reinforced by our findings, which show that Augmentin is more rapidly effective than co-trimoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infection.We are grateful to Beecham Research Laboratories for supplies of drugs and to Dr K MacRae for statistical advice.Matts SGF.The hypnotic and sedative effects of 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-4phenyl-butin-1, a two phase investigation employing double blind techniques and sequential analysis.Psychopharmacologia (Berlin) 1966;9:73.
Detection and treatment of multidrug resistant TB in India remains low
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Only 6% of the estimated 66 000 cases of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in India in 2011 were detected, and only 5% of these patients were enrolled in second line treatment programmes, a study has found.

Although enrolment to treatment programmes of people in India with MDR-TB improved by over 50% a year between 2009 and 2011, the number of people being treated is still low in a country with one of the highest burdens of MDR-TB, says the report in Lancet Infectious Diseases .1 

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is considered to be multidrug resistant when the strain is no longer sensitive to …
Microchimerism of maternal origin persists into adult life
Authors: Sean Maloney, Anajane Smith, Daniel E. Furst, David Myerson, Kate Rupert, Paul C. Evans, J. Lee Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Recent studies indicate that fetal cells persist in maternal blood for decades after pregnancy. Maternal cells are known to engraft and persist in infants with immunodeficiency, but whether maternal cells persist long-term in immunocompetent offspring has not specifically been investigated. We developed sensitive human leukocyte antigen-specific (HLA-specific) PCR assays and targeted nonshared maternal HLA genes to test for persistent maternal microchimerism in subjects with scleroderma and in healthy normal subjects. Nonshared maternal-specific DNA was found in 6 of 9 scleroderma patients. In situ hybridization with double labeling for X and Y chromosome-specific sequences revealed female cells in peripheral blood samples from 2 male scleroderma patients. HLA-specific PCR also frequently revealed persistent maternal microchimerism in healthy control subjects. The mean age of all subjects with maternal microchimerism was 28 years (range: 9-49 years). With few exceptions, mothers of subjects with persistent maternal microchimerism were HLA incompatible with subjects for class I and class II alleles. These results clearly indicate that HLA-disparate maternal cells can persist in immunocompetent offspring well into adult life. The biological significance of maternal microchimerism and whether it might contribute to autoimmune disease requires further investigation.
Left ventricular myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before, intermediate, and late after aortic valve replacement.
Authors: H P Krayenbuehl, O M Hess, E S Monrad, J Schneider, G Mall, M Turina
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Left ventricular biplane cineangiography, micromanometry, and endomyocardial biopsies were performed in 27 patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and in 17 patients with aortic insufficiency (AI). Twenty-three patients with AS and 15 with AI were restudied at an intermediate time (18 months after successful valve replacement), and nine patients with AS and six with AI were restudied late (70 and 62 months after surgery). Biopsy samples were evaluated for muscle fiber diameter, percent interstitial fibrosis, and volume fraction of myofibrils. In control biopsy samples obtained from five donor hearts at transplantation, these morphometric variables averaged 21.2 microns, 7.0%, and 57.2%, respectively. After surgery, mass determined by cineangiography decreased from 186 to 115 and 94 g/m2 in patients with AS and from 201 to 131 and 93 g/m2 in patients with AI. At the three studies, muscle fiber diameter was 30.9, 28.0, and 28.7 microns in patients with AS and was 31.4, 27.6, and 26.4 microns in patients with AI. Percent interstitial fibrosis was 18.2, 25.8, and 13.7% in patients with AS and was 20.4, 23.7, and 19.2% in patients with AI. Left ventricular fibrous content decreased from 34.2 to 29.8 and to 12.7 g/m2 in patients with AS and from 42.1 to 28.9 and to 18.9 g/m2 in patients with AI. Volume fraction of myofibrils was 57.7, 56.8, and 49.0% in patients with AS and was 56.8, 56.6 and 48.8% in patients with AI. Thus, the decrease of muscle mass determined by cineangiography at the intermediate time after valve replacement is mediated by regression of myocardial cellular hypertrophy in patients with AS and AI and in addition by a decrease of fibrous content in patients with AI. Late after surgery, left ventricular fibrous content also decreases in patients with AS. This late decrease associated with minor changes of end-diastolic volume may be important for improvement of increased diastolic myocardial stiffness. Even 6-7 years after valve replacement, incomplete regression of structural abnormalities of left ventricular hypertrophy still exists compared with the normal myocardium. The residually increased relative interstitial fibrosis and the small late postoperative decrease of volume fraction of myofibrils, associated with a prosthesis-related slight left ventricular pressure increase, are at the origin of a persistent systolic overload at the myofibrillar level.
Increased Plasma Levels of Immunoreactive Endothelin and von Willebrand Factor In NIDDM Patients
Authors: Toshio Morise, Yoshihiro Takeuchi, Mitsuhiro Kawano, Ichiro Koni, Ryoyu Takeda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVES To elucidate the significance of plasma levels of endothelin (ET) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) as possible markers for endothelial dysfunction in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma levels of ET and vWE were determined in 22 NIDDM patients with or without retinopathy and 10 normal control subjects. RESULTS The plasma levels of immunoreactive endothelin (irET) and vWF in NIDDM patients were 0.78 ± 0.06 pmol/1 and 218.3 ± 18.4%, respectively, which represented significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05, P &amp;lt; 0.01, respectively) differences from the values in the control group (0.50 ± 0.06 pmol/1 and 139.1 ± 11.1%, respectively, n = 10). However, when the diabetic patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy, the plasma levels of irET and vWF in the NIDDM patients with retinopathy were significantly higher (1.01 ± 0.07 pmol/1 and 283.0 ± 21.4%, respectively, n = 12) compared with the control group and NIDDM patients without retinopathy (0.59 ± 0.06 pmol/1 and 164.3 ± 17.0%, respectively). Plasma levels of irET showed a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.01) positive correlation with the levels of vWF. CONCLUSIONS These data strongly suggest that increased plasma irET reflects the endothelial cell damage in NIDDM.
Midline Granuloma or Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: STEPHEN L. SCHECHTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 May 1976Midline Granuloma or Wegener's GranulomatosisSTEPHEN L. SCHECHTER, M.D.STEPHEN L. SCHECHTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-609_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drs. Fauci, Johnson, and Wolff note in their recent paper "Radiation Therapy of Midline Granuloma" (Ann Intern Med84:140-147, 1976) the debate and confusion in the literature in distinguishing lethal midline granuloma from Wegener's granulomatosis. They choose to be "splitters" in this regard, stating that the two entities are quite distinct. One of the authors has written elsewhere that primary vasculitis is not a feature of midline granuloma (1). Nevertheless, one of the patients reported in his present series had histopathological findings of small vessel vasculitis and two others had biopsies showing endarteritis. How may one differentiate...References References1. WOLFF S: Midline granuloma, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 7th ed., edited by WINTROBE MM, THORN GW, ADAMS RD, et al. New York, McGraw Hill, 1974 pp. 1071-1072 Google Scholar2. BYRDSHEARNTU LMW: Relationship of lethal midline granuloma to Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 12:247-253, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WOLFFFAUCIHORN SAR: Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med 81:513-525, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar1. FAUCIJOHNSONWOLFF ARS: Radiation therapy of midline granuloma. Ann Intern Med 84:140-147, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. FAUCIWOLFF AS: Wegener's granulomatosis: studies in eighteen patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 52:535-561, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rackham Arthritis Research Unit Department of Internal Medicine The University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI 48109 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMidline GranulomaGERALD S. SPEAR, M.D. 1 May 1976Volume 84, Issue 5Page: 609-610KeywordsBiopsyGranulomasRadiation therapyVasculitisWegener granulomatosis Issue Published: 1 May 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Liver Function Tests in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: LEONARD FELDER, ALVIN MUND, JULIUS G. PARKER
Journal: Circulation (1950)

It has been difficult for the clinician to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the degree of damage to the liver in the presence of congestive heart failure. This paper gives a statistical analysis of the results of various liver function tests on a group of patients with congestive heart failure. The analysis includes comparisons based on etiology, type of rhythm, duration of heart failure, and nutrition.
Phase 1/2 study of mogamulizumab, a defucosylated anti-CCR4 antibody, in previously treated patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Madeleine Duvic, Lauren C. Pinter-Brown, Francine M. Foss, Lubomir Sokol, Jeffrey L. Jorgensen, Pramoda Challagundla, Karen M. Dwyer, Xiaoping Zhang, Michael R. Kurman, Rocco Ballerini, Li Liu, Youn H. Kim
Journal: Blood (2015)
Physiological influences on perfusion imaging in transient myocardial ischaemia: importance of early distribution of thallium-201
Authors: R. E PATTERSON, D. A HALGASH, S. F HOROWITZ, K. MICELI, C. ENG, S. J GOLDSMITH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

We tested the hypothesis that visualisation of defects on thallium-201 (201T1) myocardial perfusion images (MPI) depends on the duration of the ischaemic state between 201T1 injection and the time of reperfusion of an occluded coronary artery. Praecordial imaging with a gamma camera was performed in 24 anaesthetised, open-chest dogs with transient coronary occlusion. Results indicated that if the duration of the ischaemic state after 201T1 injection was less than 3 min before reperfusion, then the MPI 5 to 15 min after 201T1 injection was falsely negative (201T1 activity in ischaemic zone (IZ)/normal zone (NZ)>0.85). Dogs which were ischaemic more than 5 min always had MPI defects 5 to 15 min after 201T1 injection (IZ/NZ 201T1 ratio<0.85). MPI results (201T1 IZ/NZ)15 min after 201T1 injection were determined by the duration of the ischaemic state after 201T1 injection (r= −0.86) because prolonged ischaemia allowed 201T1 to distribute from blood to myocardium before reperfusion: 201T1 (IZ/NZ)=0.356± 1.00 (fraction of total 201T1 remaining in blood at the end of the ischaemic state), r=0.94.