tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The AMA, Tobacco, and the Public Health-Reply
Authors: Lonnie R. Bristow
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The AMA appreciates the approbation that greeted the July 19, 1995, issue of<i>JAMA</i>and acknowledges the cogent points of those who wrote to us. Dr Emanuel observes that the Brown and Williamson articles reveal a purposeful, concerted effort by the tobacco industry to subvert science to suit its own ends. We agree that the scientific community must be vigilant and resistant to attacks coming from private industry such as the recent attempts to eliminate the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control and the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Regarding pharmacies and sales of tobacco, both the AMA and the American Pharmaceutical Association have adopted policies calling for pharmacies to stop selling tobacco products. When patients can purchase both a treatment for the symptoms of chronic lung disease as well as the agent that causes it from the same establishment, it sends the wrong message to patients
House‐dust mite content in mattresses in relation to residential characteristics and symptoms in atopic and nonatopic children living in northern Norway
Authors: L. K. Dotterud, J. Korsgaard, E. S. Falk
Journal: Allergy (1995)

The occurrence of house-dust mites (HDMs) was investigated in the mattresses of 19 children previously found to be skin prick test (SPT) positive to HDM and in 19 nonatopic children derived from an extensive survey of 424 schoolchildren, all living in northern Norway. Domestic mites were counted and identified microscopically. Mite counts ranging from 10 to 1800 mites per gram mattress dust were found in 10 of the 19 HDM-sensitized children compared to none in the control group, corresponding to an odds ratio of more than 20. Of the 540 domestic mites found, 70 were identified by species. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt) was the only HDM species identified (64 mites), while five were storage mites and one was a Tarsonemus species. Positive radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) to Dpt were demonstrated in 9/10 children with and in 5/9 without mite infestation compared to none in the control group. Elevated IgE levels were also found more frequently in children with mite-infested mattresses than in those without. IgE levels were within normal levels in all 19 children in the control group. Latent atopy was found in four children, three with and one without mite infestation. There was no correlation between the concentration of mites and the degree of sensitization. Poor ventilation, increased humidity, and water leak(s) were associated with the presence of domestic mites in mattresses. As HDM growth is highly dependent on humidity and microhabitat, it should be possible to avoid HDM exposure and allergy in this region.
Abstract A3: Enhanced effector responses in CAR-redirected CD8+ T cells deficient in diacylglycerol kinases.
Authors: Matthew Riese, Liang-Chuan Wang, Anjana Ranganathan, Gary Koretzky, Steven Albelda
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected CD8+ T cells in the treatment of malignancy is a novel strategy that has shown tremendous promise; however, it remains likely this strategy could be enhanced when combined with additional approaches. We hypothesized that deletion of signaling mediators that negatively regulate TCR signal transduction might enhance CAR signaling and function, since CARs utilize the same machinery that transduces TCR signals. We tested CAR activity and function in T cells that lacked one or both lymphocyte-specific isoforms of diacylglycerol kinase (dgk), proteins that metabolize the second messenger DAG and limit Ras/ERK activation. We found that primary murine T cells transduced with CARs specific for the human tumor antigen mesothelin demonstrated greatly enhanced cytokine production and cytotoxicity when co-cultured with a murine mesothelioma line that stably expresses mesothelin. Additionally, we found that dgk-deficient CAR transduced T cells were more effective in limiting the growth of implanted tumors, both concurrent with and after establishment of tumor. These results suggest that deletion of negative regulators of TCR signaling enhances the activity and function of CAR-expressing T cells, and identify dgks as a potential target for improving the clinical potential of CARs. Citation Format: Matthew Riese, Liang-Chuan Wang, Anjana Ranganathan, Gary Koretzky, Steven Albelda. Enhanced effector responses in CAR-redirected CD8+ T cells deficient in diacylglycerol kinases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A3.
Relationship of health-related quality of life to treatment adherence and sustained response in chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: David Bernstein, Leah Kleinman, Chris M. Barker, Dennis A. Revicki, Jesse Green
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Interferon therapy may exacerbate health-related quality of life (HRQL) deficits associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) early in the course of therapy. Treatment with polyethylene glycol-modified interferon (peginterferon) alfa-2a (40 kd) provides improved sustained response over interferon alfa-2a, but its effect on HRQL is unknown. The objective of this study was to (1) evaluate the effect of sustained virologic response on HRQL in patients with HCV and (2) determine whether impairment of HRQL during treatment contributes to early treatment discontinuation. Data consisted of a pooled secondary analysis of patients (n = 1,441) across 3 international, multicenter, open-label, randomized studies that compared peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kd) with interferon alfa-2a. ANCOVA was used to examine the effect of sustained virologic response on HRQL. Repeated-measures mixed-models ANCOVA was used to compare Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and SF-36 scores during treatment by treatment group. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between changes at baseline in on-treatment HRQL and early treatment discontinuation. Sustained virologic response was associated with marked improvements from baseline to end of follow-up in all subjects, including patients with cirrhosis. During treatment, patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kd) had statistically significantly better scores on both the SF-36 and FSS. Baseline to 24-week changes in fatigue and SF-36 mental and physical summary scores significantly predicted treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, sustained virologic response is associated with improvements in quality of life in patients with or without advanced liver disease. This parameter may be an important consideration in maximizing treatment adherence.
Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Pathogenic Duo
Authors: K. H. Williams, N. A. Shackel, M. D. Gorrell, S. V. McLennan, S. M. Twigg
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2012)

Recent data increasingly support a complex interplay between the metabolic condition diabetes mellitus and the pathologically defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD predicts the development of type 2 diabetes and vice versa, and each condition may serve as a progression factor for the other. Although the association of diabetes and NAFLD is likely to be partly the result of a "common soil," it is also probable that diabetes interacts with NAFLD through specific pathogenic mechanisms. In particular, through interrelated metabolic pathways currently only partly understood, diabetes appears to accelerate the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, defined by the presence of necroinflammation, with varying degrees of liver fibrosis. In the research setting, obstacles that have made the identification of clinically significant NAFLD, and particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, difficult are being addressed with the use of new imaging techniques combined with risk algorithms derived from peripheral blood profiling. These techniques are likely to be used in the diabetes population in the near future. This review examines the pathogenic links between NAFLD and diabetes by exploring the epidemiological evidence in humans and also through newer animal models. Emerging technology to help screen noninvasively for differing pathological forms of NAFLD and the potential role of preventive and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD in the setting of diabetes are also examined.
Oral Propranolol and Metoprolol Both Impair Glucose Recovery from Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dennis A Popp, Thomas F Tse, Suresh D Shah, William E Clutter, Philip E Cryer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

To the extent that they have deficient glucagon secretory responses to plasma glucose decrements, as they commonly do, patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are dependent on epinephrine-mediated β-adrenergic mechanisms to promote recovery from hypoglycemia. Thus, they are at increased risk for prolonged hypoglycemia if treated with a nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist such as propranolol. If the hyperglycemic actions of epinephrine are mediated through β2-adrenergic mechanisms, therapeutic efficacy (e.g., for hypertension or ischemic heart disease) could be accomplished without increased risk of hypoglycemia by selective β1-adrenergic blockade in such patients. However, oral administration of the relatively selective β1-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol (100 mg) and of the nonselective β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (80 mg) both impaired recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia in patients with IDDM. Thus, at a dose of 100 mg, oral metoprolol is not safer than oral propranolol with respect to recovery from hypoglycemia in patients with IDDM.
Gallium Imaging in Sarcoid Dactylitis
Authors: LEOPOLD A. SCHLEISSNER, FRED S. MISHKIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

This case illustrates that sarcoid dactylitis activity may be monitored by gallium imaging while x-ray changes appear stable. The changes on radionuclide bone imaging represent bone mineral turnover rate rather than the cellular process depicted by Ga-67.
The role of the hepatocyte cytokeratin network in bile formation and resistance to bile acid challenge and cholestasis in mice
Authors: Peter Fickert, Andrea Fuchsbichler, Martin Wagner, Dagmar Silbert, Kurt Zatloukal, Helmut Denk, Michael Trauner
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The intermediate filament cytoskeleton of hepatocytes is composed of keratin (K) 8 and K18 and has important mechanical and nonmechanical functions. However, the potential role of the K8/K18 network for proper membrane targeting of hepatocellular adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters and bile formation is unknown. We therefore designed a comparative study in K8 and K18 knockout mice and respective wild-type controls to test the hypothesis that intermediate filaments of hepatocytes play a role in normal bile formation. In addition, we challenged mice either with a 1% cholic acid-supplemented diet or a diet containing the porphyrinogenic xenobiotic 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine to determine the effect of K8/K18 loss on bile flow/composition and liver injury under different physiological and toxic stress stimuli. Protein expression levels and membrane localization of various transporters and anion exchangers were compared using western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively, and bile flow and composition were determined under various experimental conditions. Our results demonstrate that loss of the intermediate filament network had no significant effect on bile formation and composition, as well as expression levels and membrane targeting of key hepatobiliary transporters under baseline and stress conditions. However, loss of K8 significantly increased liver injury in response to toxic stress.The intermediate filament network of hepatocytes is not specifically required for proper bile formation in mice.
Anti-Literature Campaign: A Warning and a Plea
Authors: Philip K. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  Having read Dr. F. A. Clark's Letter to the Editor entitled Anti-Literature Campaign ( JAMA  189: 332 [July 27] 1964), I am compelled to write this letter of warning to him and to others who might be inclined to try stopping the influx of unsolicited medical magazines. Dr. Clark indicated that he would write the publishers and request that his name be deleted from the mailing list—I can only wish him luck.  Sharing his concern for this problem, I wrote the editors of a modern medical publication, requesting that I be taken off the mailing list. The copies kept coming and a frenzied letter arrived asking my reasons for this apparently novel action. I obliged but the magazine continued to arrive. Twice in the past six months we have exchanged correspondence, and, though I have been assured that my request would be honored. the magazine still arrives. At
Elements of Medical Jurisprudence
Authors: Theodric Romeyn Beck, John B. Beck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1861)

part of Dr Paris and Mr Fonblanque's work on Medi- cal Jurisprudence, we imagined we had bid adieu for an inter- val to systematic treatises on that subject; and, considering the ample share of attention we have of late bestowed upon it, we should have been willing to turn for a season to other to- pics.But at the present moment the science of Medical Ju- risprudence appears to be exciting an interest throughout Bri- tain, such as we have not witnessed on any former occasion ; and it would ill become us, who have been among its earliest and most uniform well-wishers, to neglect any opportunity of furthering its progress towards that station among the medical sciences, which we have been long convinced it should occupy.Relying on these considerations, then, and on the powerful in- trinsic claims which the works now before ns possess on the at- tention of ourselves and the medical world generally, we shall venture to conduct our readers once more to the path along ?which we have already so often led them.We undertake this task with the greater pleasure on the pre- sent occasion, that we shall have to throw aside, for the first time on medico-legal subjects, the character of the austere cri- tic.It has been our misfortune to handle with some freedom almost all previous works on the subject.And wc have been induced to handle them more freely than many may have thought was called for, because we apprehend, that all early works on Medical Jurisprudence, especially of the systematic kind, should be viewed with peculiar jealousy by every one in- terested in its progress.For, as it is now circumstanced,?languishing still in its infancy, and struggling against the su- pineness, indilFerence, and prejudices of those who ought to be its most zealous protectors,?nogreater mischance could hap-1824-.
Adverse reactions to immunotherapy are associated with different patterns of sensitization to grass allergens
Authors: J. Sastre, F. Rodríguez, P. Campo, E. Laffond, A. Marín, M. D. Alonso
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate whether adverse drug reactions ( ADR s) during immunotherapy with a grass extract ( AVANZ ® Phleum, ALK ‐Abelló) are related to the different patterns of sensitization of patients to grass allergens. A total of 192 patients with rhinitis and/or asthma sensitized to grass pollen received a 4‐week updosing with five injections. ADR s were evaluated following EAACI guidelines. A total of 432 ADR s in 133 (69%) patients were recorded, 64% local and 31% systemic. There was a significant association between the number of grass allergens that sensitized the patients and the total number of ADR s ( P = 0.004) occurred locally ( P = 0.003) and systemically ( P = 0.01). Sensitization to Phl p1 + Phl p5 or Phl p1 + Phl p5 + Phl p12 was significantly associated with a higher frequency of local or systemic reactions ( P = 0.001, both). Different patterns of sensitization to grass allergens may potentially be considered a risk marker to the development of ADR s to immunotherapy.
The mouse Runx1 +23 hematopoietic stem cell enhancer confers hematopoietic specificity to both Runx1 promoters
Authors: Thomas Bee, Emma L.K. Ashley, Sorrel R.B. Bickley, Andrew Jarratt, Pik-Shan Li, Jackie Sloane-Stanley, Berthold Göttgens, Marella F.T.R. de Bruijn
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Smile Test
Authors: Charles R. Block
Journal: JAMA (1976)

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Bile Leakage and Resultant Bile Peritonitis During or After Diagnostic Laparoscopy: An Unpredictable Event
Authors: R. Orlando, F. Lirussi
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Bile peritonitis secondary to bile leakage is a rare complication of laparoscopy-guided liver biopsy. We report two cases of bile peritonitis occurring, respectively, during and 6 days after liver biopsy in patients with an initial diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis associated with chronic pancreatitis. In both cases, bile leakage was first managed by compression with a palpating probe and, at onset or worsening of symptoms, by suture during laparotomy. However, while the first patient progressed uneventfully during the postoperative period, the second died 13 days after laparotomy. In the latter patient, bile leakage was associated with bleeding from the biopsy site with consequently diminished peritoneal irritation and delayed onset of symptoms. In this patient, pancreatic carcinoma, of which evidence was found at autopsy, may also have contributed to the fatal outcome. In conclusion, bile leakage and secondary peritonitis may also occur in the absence of dilation of the biliary tree and may be fatal, especially if not recognized and treated early.
British government revamps screening policy
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The British government has announced its policy for introducing new screening programmes and the steps it will take to improve existing ones. The announcements last week follow several highly publicised failures in the cervical screening programme and were made by Ken Calman, the chief medical officer, at a conference organised by the BMJ and the Journal of Medical Screening.

“We have seen in the past,” said Dr Calman, “screening tests creeping into the health service in a piecemeal and uncoordinated fashion and without quality assurance. Cervical screening has been part of the NHS services since the 1960s but was implemented in an ad hoc fashion without the basis of solid research evidence, leading to variations in local practice.” Dr Calman said that screening for hearing loss in young children was another programme that needed review.

Screening currently costs the NHS pounds sterling 300m-400m ($450m-600m) a year, and a new programme should be introduced only, said Dr Calman, if research has shown it to be effective and affordable. The government has …
Sequential Positron Emission Tomography Using [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose for Monitoring Response to Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Olivier Couturier, Guy Jerusalem, Jean-Michel N'Guyen, Roland Hustinx
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the clinical value of positron emission tomography (PET) for monitoring chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Experimental Design: Twenty patients with hormonorefractory or hormonoreceptor-negative multimetastatic breast cancer were prospectively included. PET studies were done at baseline, at day 21 after the first cycle and at day 21 after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Metabolic response was defined based on visual and various modes of standardized uptake value (SUV) analysis of sequential PET studies. Results: After one cycle, PET indicated a partial response in 12 patients, stable disease in 7 patients, and progressive disease in 1 patient, according to the visual analysis. After three cycles, PET showed a complete response in 5 patients, partial response in 11 patients, stable disease in 3 patients, and progressive disease in 1 patient. Seventy-five percent of the patients showing a metabolic response on visual analysis effectively responded to the treatment. The average SUV decreased on both the second and the third PET study, but only changes measured after three cycles of chemotherapy predicted the clinical response to chemotherapy and the overall survival. All methods for calculating the SUV (normalized for body weight, body surface area, or lean body mass) provided similar results. Conclusion: Semiquantitative analysis of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET studies done after three cycles of chemotherapy is useful for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
Performance of likelihood ratio tests of evolutionary hypotheses under inadequate substitution models
Authors: J. Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

In recent years, likelihood ratio tests (LRTs) based on DNA and protein sequence data have been proposed for testing various evolutionary hypotheses. Because conducting an LRT requires an evolutionary model of nucleotide or amino acid substitution, which is almost always unknown, it becomes important to investigate the robustness of LRTs to violations of assumptions of these evolutionary models. Computer simulation was used to examine performance of LRTs of the molecular clock, transition/transversion bias, and among-site rate variation under different substitution models. The results showed that when correct models are used, LRTs perform quite well even when the DNA sequences are as short as 300 nt. However, LRTs were found to be biased under incorrect models. The extent of bias varies considerably, depending on the hypotheses tested, the substitution models assumed, and the lengths of the sequences used, among other things. A preliminary simulation study also suggests that LRTs based on parametric bootstrapping may be more sensitive to substitution models than are standard LRTs. When an assumed substitution model is grossly wrong and a more realistic model is available, LRTs can often reject the wrong model; thus, the performance of LRTs may be improved by using a more appropriate model. On the other hand, many factors of molecular evolution have not been considered in any substitution models so far built, and the possibility of an influence of this negligence on LRTs is often overlooked. The dependence of LRTs on substitution models calls for caution in interpreting test results and highlights the importance of clarifying the substitution patterns of genes and proteins and building more realistic models.
Superficial fungal infections in 102 renal transplant recipients: a case-control study
Authors: A.Tülin Güleç, Müge Demirbilek, Deniz Seçkin, Füsun Can, Yasemin Saray, Evren Sarifakioǧlu, Mehmet Haberal
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2003)