tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase IV is expressed in the luminal plasma membrane of the human gallbladder epithelium
Authors: S Parkkila, A Parkkila, T Juvonen, A Waheed, W S Sly, J Saarnio, K Kaunisto, S Kellokumpu, H Rajaniemi
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Alkaline hepatic bile is acidified in the gallbladder to prevent calcium precipitation and gallstone formation. Because membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzyme IV participates with cytoplasmic CA II in the acidification of urine in the kidney, we studied its expression in different regions of the human biliary tract using immunohistochemical techniques. The enzyme was expressed in the apical plasma membrane of the gallbladder epithelial cells and in the endothelium of the subepithelial capillaries. In the liver, some epithelial cells of the large bile ducts showed positive staining. Its presence in the gallbladder epithelium could be confirmed by Western blotting, which showed a single 35-kd polypeptide band, corresponding in molecular weight to the intact enzyme. The majority of the enzyme was phased to Triton X-114 detergent phase. A small amount of 35-kd polypeptide was also seen in the water phase. Smaller proteolytic fragments of the enzyme were not seen, suggesting that the tissue sample was well preserved. The results show that CA IV is expressed in abundance in the human gallbladder epithelium, where it may participate together with cytoplasmic CA II and ion transporters in acidification of the gallbladder bile via bicarbonate reabsorption.
Relation Between Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve Calculated From Coronary Pressure Measurements and Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Bernard De Bruyne, Jozef Bartunek, Stanislas U. Sys, Guy R. Heyndrickx
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR myo ) is a functional index of stenosis severity that can be derived from intracoronary pressure measurements performed during maximal vasodilatation. It is defined as the maximal myocardial perfusion during hyperemia in the presence of a stenosis in the epicardial artery expressed as a fraction of its normal maximal expected value. To determine threshold values of FFR myo , of hyperemic translesional pressure gradient (ΔP max ), and of resting translesional pressure gradient (ΔP rest ) that are uniformly associated with exercise-induced ischemia, we studied the relation between these pressure-derived indexes and the results of exercise ECG. Methods and Results We studied 60 patients with an isolated lesion in one major epicardial coronary artery, normal left ventricular function, and no left ventricular hypertrophy. Maximal exercise ECG (off anti-ischemic medication) was performed within 6 hours before catheterization. Intracoronary pressure measurements were taken at rest and during hyperemia with a pressure monitoring guide wire. ST-segment depressions at peak exercise (considered abnormal when ≥0.1 mV) were compared with FFR myo , ΔP max , and ΔP rest . Thirty-seven patients had an abnormal and 23 patients a normal exercise ECG. A significant linear correlation was found between the magnitude of ST-segment depressions and both FFR myo and ΔP max ( r =−.75, SEE=0.53; r =.71, SEE=0.56). A weaker correlation was noted between ST-segment depressions and ΔP rest ( r =.53, SEE=0.67). Sensitivity and specificity curves were constructed for the prediction of an abnormal exercise ECG for the three pressure-derived indexes. The values that most accurately predicted an abnormal exercise ECG were 66% for FFR myo , 31 mm Hg for ΔP max , and 12 mm Hg for ΔP rest . No patient with a FFR myo value &gt;72% showed an abnormal exercise ECG. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated a greater accuracy of FFR myo and of ΔP max than of ΔP rest for predicting the results of the exercise ECG. Conclusions In the present study, cutoff values of FFR myo and translesional pressure gradients are established from the relation between intracoronary pressure–derived indexes and ECG signs of myocardial ischemia during maximal exercise. These values can be helpful for clinical decision making in cases with dubious angiographic results. Furthermore, our data support the concept that stenosis physiology is better reflected by hyperemic than by basal measurements.
Models of neurological defects and defects in neurological models
Authors: Timothy Schallert
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The transition from research to patient following advances in transplantation research is likely to be disappointing unless it includes a better understanding of critically relevant characteristics of the neurological disorder and improvements in the animal models, particularly the behavioral features. The appropriateness of the model has less to do with the species than with how the species is used.
THE SLEEPING CANOPY: AND THE NEED OF SUCH MEANS OF VENTILATION.
Authors: CHARLES DENISON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The object of experimenting with bed canopies has been to devise a substitute for the sleeping tent which can easily and cheaply be made, by the invalid himself if need be, and which will furnish practically out-door sleeping, yet in a warmed house or bedroom. The invalid may thus, tentatively, inure himself to more and more air; the window may be partly or wholly opened. The sleeper when he arises in the morning, or if he has to get up at night, comes from his tent into a warm room. If economy in room space is a desideratum the canopy when not in use can be pulled up by its frame to overlay the casing of the window and there remain until it is again needed. If the bright sunshine in the morning needs to be shut out so as to prevent waking the sleeper, or greater privacy from the
Doctors, interrogation, and torture
Authors: Luis Justo
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) of rats are associated with neuronal cell loss, oxidative damage and neurodegenerative diseases. Assuming the noxious role of REMSD, we examined its effect on liver, which controls the most of the metabolic processes of the body and thus are very much needed for survival. Here, we report REMSD induced apoptotic cell death in hepatocyte, which were got alleviated up to certain extent after relentless sleep recovery of 5 days. Further investigation revealed the involvement of mitochondrial gene/protein cascade in the apoptotic process. Our current study shows that REMSD can causes the apoptosis in hepatocytes of rats involving the well evolutionary conserved mitochondrial pathways. Our results further signifies the functional and preventive role of REM sleep which is unique to mammals and avians with certain exceptions, as its loss can negatively affect the natural well-being and survival of individuals.
Griseofulvin in Acute Gout
Authors: Stanley L. Wallace, Anthony W. Nissen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

GRISEOFULVIN is an antifungal antibiotic agent originally isolated from Penicillium griseofulvum by Oxford et al.1 in 1939. It has proved of value in the treatment of superficial mycoses. The drug is incorporated into the keratin of the skin, hair and nails,2 and this factor, combined with its intrinsic antibiotic action, makes it particularly effective in the therapy of various cutaneous fungous infections.Paget and Walpole3 noted that parenteral administration to laboratory animals caused arrested mitosis in metaphase, an effect similar to that of colchicine.Slonim, Howell and Brown,4 in a brief report, stated that griseofulvin (Fig. 1) had a chemical . . .
Changes in the chemical speciation of arsenic following ingestion by man.
Authors: E A Crecelius
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The concentrations of four chemical species of arsenic in urine were observed with time, after ingestion of three different chemical species of arsenic. The arsenic-rich substances ingested, including arsenite-rich wine, arsenate-rich drinking water, and crab meat which contained organo-arsenic compounds. After ingestion of arsenite-rich wine, approximately 10% of the arsenic was excreted as arsenite, but the majority of the arsenic was methylated to methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid and excreted. After ingestion of arsenate-rich water, elevated levels of both arsenate and dimethylarsinic acid were observed. When crab meat was ingested, none of these four arsenic species were observed at elevated levels until the urine was heated in 2N NaOH. After the hot base digestion, high levels of dimethylarsinic acid were detected in these samples. The apparent biological half-lives were on the order of 10 hr for inorganic arsenic and 30 hr for the methylated arsenic forms.
Withdrawing care. Experience in a medical intensive care unit
Authors: D. K. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To describe the process and outcomes of withdrawing life-sustaining interventions in a medical intensive care unit (MICU).Retrospective case series.Medical intensive care unit in a community teaching hospital.Consecutive series of 28 patients in whom mechanical ventilation, dialysis, and/or vasopressors were withdrawn. We distinguished physiological, neurological, and functional rationales for care withdrawal.Duration of discussions, MICU length of stay, and hospital survival.Mean +/- SD Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score was 27.1 +/- 7.3 on MICU admission, and average +/- SD predicted hospital mortality was 61% +/- 22%. Discussions leading to withdrawal of care occurred over an average +/- SD of 5.2 +/- 5.5 days, with decisions achieved soonest in cases with poor neurological prognosis. Average +/- SD MICU length of stay was 1.4 +/- 1.8 days following a decision to withdraw MICU care, and only four patients received more than 48 hours of additional MICU care. Four patients were discharged alive from the hospital.Patients and their surrogates willingly considered outcomes in addition to mortality when considering withdrawal of life-sustaining interventions. Finding an accommodation between physician judgments and patient preferences took time and effort but was an effective means of limiting ineffective life-sustaining efforts. Withdrawing futile or unwanted care was not always fatal.
Differences in clinical expression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with two distinct mutations in the beta-myosin heavy chain gene. A 908Leu----Val mutation and a 403Arg----Gln mutation.
Authors: N D Epstein, G M Cohn, F Cyran, L Fananapazir
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The disease gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been identified as the beta-myosin heavy chain (beta-MHC) gene in some HCM families. We describe extensive clinical evaluations in two kindreds with two distinct point mutations in the beta-MHC gene.We used single-strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP) gel analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified products capturing each of the 40 beta-MHC gene exons to identify distinct missense mutations in two HCM kindreds. Clinical, ECG, and echocardiographic studies were performed in the two kindreds: kindred 2755 with amino acid 908Leu----Val mutation and kindred 2002 with amino acid 403Arg----Gln mutation. The morphological appearances of HCM were similar in these two kindreds. However, the two kindreds differed with respect to disease penetrance, age of onset of disease, and incidence of premature sudden death. Twelve of 31 adults (greater than or equal to 17 years) with the disease gene in kindred 2755 did not have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and only five of these had ECG abnormalities. Thus, the disease penetrance in adults with this mutation was only 61%. None of 11 children aged less than 16 years had LVH. The 908 mutation was associated with a low incidence of cardiac events: Only two sudden deaths and one syncope occurred in 46 individuals with the mutant allele. In contrast, LVH was present in all 11 adults in kindred 2002 with the 403 mutation (100% disease penetrance). In addition, three of four affected children were symptomatic and had clinical evidence of HCM. The disease in this kindred was severe and resulted in six premature sudden deaths. Seven additional patients had syncope or presyncope.In some kindreds, the HCM disease gene is more prevalent than indicated by echocardiography and ECG. Some point mutations may be associated with a more malignant prognosis. Preclinical identification of children with mutations associated with a high incidence of sudden death and syncope provides the opportunity to evaluate efficacy of early therapeutic interventions.
Australian government bolsters medical scheme for less well off
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Hundreds of extra GPs in Australia will be trained and given special payments to treat less well off patients without charging them. The scheme is part of a $A1bn (£0.38bn; $0.61bn; €0.56bn) rescue plan being considered by the federal government for the national Medicare system.

Most patients who currently do not pay directly for consultations may in future have to pay their doctors extra under proposed changes to the so called bulk billing system being pushed by the Australian Medical Association.

The plans have caused a political storm as the Medicare system, introduced in 1984 and funded by a 1.5% levy …
The effect of guanidinylation of PEGylated poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) on the systemic delivery of siRNA
Authors: Qiang Cheng, Yuanyu Huang, Hua Zheng, Tuo Wei, Shuquan Zheng, Shuaidong Huo, Xiaoxia Wang, Quan Du, Xiaoning Zhang, Hong-Yan Zhang, Xing-Jie Liang, Chun Wang, Rupei Tang, Zicai Liang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
298 Effects of ribavirin and interferon alpha combination therapy on T cell-dependent immune responses to HCV proteins in patients chronically infected with HCV
Authors: T MARION, I WARR, J FLECKENSTEIN, C RIELY
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

La détermination des titres des anticorps aux divers antigènes de l’hépatite C en infection virale C aiguë et chronique.Par l’analyse immunoenzymatique du sérum chez les 32 patientes avec HCV aiguë et 76 patientes avec HCV chronique ont été déterminés les anticorps de la classe IgG aux antigènes core, NS4 et NS5. La catégorie des patientes avec HCV chronique a été subdivisée en deux sous groupes : avec et sans syndrome cytolitique.En premier 10 jours de la phase icthérique chez les patientes avec HCV aiguë ont été déterminé des anticorps tant face de la protéine structurale (core), comme et face de ces nestructurales NS4 et NS5. Les anticorps aux toutes 3 antigènes ont été déterminé plus fréquent chez les patientes avec HCV chronique, associé avec le syndrome cytholitique. Des différence véridique avec la grouppe des patientes avec HCV chronique sans le syndrome cytholitique n’ont été pas déterminé.Les dates obtenu permettent d’affirmer que la détermination des anticorps aux antigène core, NS4 et NS5, ne peut pas utilisé comme critère de diagnostique différentielle entre le HCV aiguë et HCV chronique.
Tobacco companies start price war in Poland to offset tax rises
Authors: A. Gilmore
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The tobacco industry this week responded to the Polish government's attempts to raise taxes on cigarettes by slashing prices. Poland, like other countries joining the European Union, is required to increase its tobacco taxes to bring them into line with those of the EU.

In response to the tax hikes Gallaher and British American Tobacco introduced new cheap brands and Philip Morris dropped the price of its most popular cheap brand by 15%. Reemtsma, …
Audit commission criticises mental health services
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

People with mental health problems are not receiving the services that they need, according to a new report from the Audit Commission. The report criticises what it sees as inappropriate allocation of resources in England and Wales and calls for a far greater range of community based services for mentally ill people.

The controller of the Audit Commission, Andrew Foster, said: “Vulnerable people with mental health problems can lead better lives in the community if they have adequate support. They should be asked what they want, so that they receive flexible services which meet their needs. But authorities are struggling to establish an adequate range of services in the …
Minibronchoalveolar Lavage by Respiratory Therapists
Authors: Matthew D. Epstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 January 1996Minibronchoalveolar Lavage by Respiratory TherapistsMatthew D. Epstein, MDMatthew D. Epstein, MDNew York University Medical Center; New York, NY 10016Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Despite the increasing number of studies on ventilator-associated pneumonia, the clinical utility of the available diagnostic methods remains unknown. Although the study by Kollef and colleagues [1] shows similar numbers of positive cultures obtained by the protected specimen brush and minibronchoalveolar lavage techniques, the results do not support the routine clinical use of either method.A major flaw in this study is that more than half of the patients were receiving antibiotics, which have been shown to significantly affect endobronchial evaluation of ventilator-associated pneumonia. For example, both bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen brushing yield many false-positive cultures ...References1. Kollef MH, Bock KR, Richards RD, Hearns ML. The safety and diagnostic accuracy of minibronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:743-8. Google Scholar2. Torres A, Martos A, Puig De La Bellacasa, et al. Specificity of endotracheal aspiration, protected specimen brush, and bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993; 147:952-7. Google Scholar3. Allen RM, Dunn WF, Limper AH. Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia: the role of bronchoscopy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994; 69:962-8. Google Scholar4. Torres A, el-Ebiary M, Padro L, Gonzalez J, de la Bellacasa JP, Ramirez J, et al. Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 149:324-31. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York University Medical Center; New York, NY 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 2Page: 274-275KeywordsAntibioticsBronchoalveolar lavageCathetersLungsSpecificityVentilator associated pneumonia Issue Published: 15 January 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chemotherapy, Testicular Damage and Gynecomastia: An Endocrine “Black Hole”
Authors: Anne P. Forbes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

That young patients with Hodgkin's or other neoplastic diseases should have to be concerned with the effect of therapy on their future fertility is an indication of the immensity of medical progress in recent years. That progress, however, has its "black holes." In the endocrine galaxy, the hormonal function of the testicular tubule and the reason why damage to the tubule may result in gynecomastia stubbornly remain in such a hole, and modern knowledge of the structure, sources, production rates and specific receptors for, and mode of action of, the sex steroids has not enticed them out. Radioimmunoassay of peptide . . .
Clinical and financial audit of diagnostic protocols for lesions of the cerebellopontine angle.
Authors: I R Swan, S Gatehouse
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To assess the diagnostic efficiency and costs of protocols used for investigating patients with suspected lesions of the cerebellopontine angle.Prospective evaluation of tests of auditory brain stem responses and acoustic reflex thresholds, electronystagmography, and calorics. Positive test results were confirmed or refuted by high resolution computed tomography with intravenous enhancement.Single general otolaryngology clinic in a teaching hospital.270 consecutive patients with sensorineural hearing loss requiring investigation to exclude a lesion of the cerebellopontine angle.Estimated costs of various diagnostic protocols and performance in detecting tumours of the cerebellopontine angle.Protocols including tests of auditory brain stem responses and acoustic reflex thresholds as sifting tests before computed tomography were clinically acceptable and presented considerable savings over the use of computed tomography in all patients (74,000 pounds or 84,000 pounds v 122,000 pounds). The use of electronystagmography and calorics could not be justified on clinical or financial grounds.Audiological tests of auditory brain stem responses and acoustic reflex thresholds followed by computed tomography constitute the most cost effective protocol for determining suspected lesions of the cerebellopontine angle.The cost effectiveness of diagnostic protocols should be evaluated throughout the health service.
Acute effect of percutaneous MitraClip therapy in patients with haemodynamic decompensation
Authors: Simon Biner, Robert J. Siegel, Ted Feldman, Asim M. Rafique, Alfredo Trento, Patrick Whitlow, Jason Rogers, Marc Moon, Brian Lindman, Alan Zajarias, Donald Glower, Saibal Kar
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Determining Factors in the Return of Mexican Psychiatrists Trained in the United States
Authors: GUIDO BELSASSO, RAMON PARRES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Developing nations lose over 50 percent of their physicians who go to the United States for specialized training. The authors discuss factors that contribute to the return of Mexican psychiatrists trained abroad: a clear identity with the native culture, a certain degree of security and idealism, and an initially well-defined motivation. The need for adequate psychiatric education programs for physicians returning to their native countries is emphasized.
Pharmacologie Clinique: Bases de la Thérapeutique
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In medical school curricula pharmacology used to represent the transition from preclinical subjects to clinical medicine. Courses tended to emphasize prescription writing, and, because most drugs came already prepackaged and tradenamed, many nascent physicians paid scant attention to the course. Had it not been for a couple of good textbooks, notably the perennial favorite Goodman and Gilman, many physicians older than 40 years would not even remember that they ever took a course in pharmacology. Since then, pharmacology has been squeezed into smaller and smaller time slots. Yet, clinical pharmacology is having a renascence and spurring more and more interest among practitioners and students alike. This massive, two-volume, 2,416-page, indexed work caps this interest. It is a bold multi-author undertaking and reflects the current state of the art in France; it is written in French and reflects French views. The compass is panoramic and beautifully correlates pharmacology with clinical medicine.
Studies of Tissue Response to Injections of Enzymes
Authors: SAMUEL THEODORE SCHLAMOWITZ, ARTHUR C. DEGRAFF
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Until recently, localized tissue trauma was considered the prime factor in the production of subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic subjects. The possibility that these lesions were "manifestations of the uninhibited action of proteinases on mesenchymal tissue" has its basis on the presence in human and animal sera of a proteolytic enzyme system similar to trypsin. The occurrence of subcutaneous "nodules" following a single subcutaneous injection of trypsin would seem to lend support to this thesis.