tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limitations of Radiology in the Differentiation of Diverticulitis and Diverticulosis of the Colon
Authors: T. G. Parks, A. M. Connell, A. D. Gough, J. O. Y. Cole
Journal: BMJ (1970)

While barium enema is the most useful investigation in the primary diagnosis of diverticular disease of the colon, this paper presents further evidence that the terms "diverticulosis" and "diverticulitis" are unsatisfactory and shows that a radiological classification on the traditional criteria is not accurate in determining whether or not inflammation is associated with colonic diverticula.
Hypertension and Exposure to Noise Near Airports: the HYENA Study
Authors: Lars Jarup, Wolfgang Babisch, Danny Houthuijs, Göran Pershagen, Klea Katsouyanni, Ennio Cadum, Marie-Louise Dudley, Pauline Savigny, Ingeburg Seiffert, Wim Swart, Oscar Breugelmans, Gösta Bluhm, Jenny Selander, Alexandros Haralabidis, Konstantina Dimakopoulou, Panayota Sourtzi, Manolis Velonakis, Federica Vigna-Taglianti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

An increasing number of people are exposed to aircraft and road traffic noise. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and even a small contribution in risk from environmental factors may have a major impact on public health.The HYENA (Hypertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports) study aimed to assess the relations between noise from aircraft or road traffic near airports and the risk of hypertension.We measured blood pressure and collected data on health, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, including diet and physical activity, via questionnaire at home visits for 4,861 persons 45-70 years of age, who had lived at least 5 years near any of six major European airports. We assessed noise exposure using detailed models with a resolution of 1 dB (5 dB for United Kingdom road traffic noise), and a spatial resolution of 250 x 250 m for aircraft and 10 x 10 m for road traffic noise.We found significant exposure-response relationships between night-time aircraft as well as average daily road traffic noise exposure and risk of hypertension after adjustment for major confounders. For night-time aircraft noise, a 10-dB increase in exposure was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.29]. The exposure-response relationships were similar for road traffic noise and stronger for men with an OR of 1.54 (95% CI, 0.99-2.40) in the highest exposure category (> 65 dB; p(trend) = 0.008).Our results indicate excess risks of hypertension related to long-term noise exposure, primarily for night-time aircraft noise and daily average road traffic noise.
High-Five for High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T: Depends on the Precision and Analytical Platform
Authors: Peter A. Kavsak
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract 4526: Lumican and Versican predict good outcome in stage II and III colon cancer
Authors: Meike de Wit, Eric J. Belt, Pien M. Delis van Diemen, Beatriz Carvalho, Veerle M. Coupé, Hein B. Stockmann, Herman Bril, Jeroen A. Belien, Remond J. Fijneman, Gerrit A. Meijer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background and Purpose: Tumor stroma plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of colon cancer. The glycoproteins versican and lumican are overexpressed in colon carcinomas and are associated with the formation of tumor stroma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential prognostic value of versican and lumican expression in the epithelial and stromal compartment of stage II and III colon cancer. Methods: Clinicopathological data and tissue samples were collected from stage II (n=226) and stage III (n=160) colon cancer patients. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed with cores taken both from the center and the periphery of the tumor. These were immunohistochemically stained for lumican and versican. Expression levels were scored on digitized slides. Statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS. Results: Versican expression by epithelial cells in the periphery of the tumor, i.e., near the invasive front, was correlated to a longer disease free survival (DFS) for the whole cohort (P=0.01), stage III patients only (P=0.01), stage III patients with microsatellite instable (MSI) tumors (P=0.04) and stage III patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.006). Lumican expression in epithelial cells overall in the tumor was correlated to a longer disease specific survival (DSS) in stage II patients (P=0.05) and to a longer DFS and DSS in MSS stage II patients (P=0.02 and P=0.004). Conclusion: In the present series, protein expression of versican and lumican predicted good clinical outcome for stage III and stage II colon cancer patients, respectively. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4526. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4526
Comparison of immunodeficiency and AIDS defining conditions in HIV negative and HIV postive men with haemophilia A
Authors: C. A Sabin, K J. Pasi, A. N Phillips, P. Lilley, M. Bofill, C. A Lee
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the hypothesis that high usage of clotting factor concentrate, rather than HIV infection, is the cause of immunodeficiency and AIDS in men with haemophilia. <b>Design</b>: A comparison of AIDS defining conditions and CD4 counts in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with haemophilia matched for usage of clotting factor concentrate. <b>Setting</b>: A comprehensive care haemophilia centre. <b>Subjects</b>: 17 HIV positive and 17 HIV negative male patients with haemophilia A (age range 12-60 at beginning of study period) who had received similar amounts of clotting factor concentrate yearly over the years 1980-90. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Clinical events listed as AIDS defining in the Centers for Disease Control AIDS definition; CD4 lymphocyte counts; death. <b>Results</b>: Of 108 HIV positive male patients with haemophilia A, only 17 could be matched to an HIV negative patient. This was due to the much higher average usage of factor VIII in the HIV positive group. Between 1980 and 1990, 16 clinical events occurred in nine of the 17 HIV positive patients. No event occurred in the 17 HIV negative patients. In each pair the mean CD4 count during follow up was, on average, 0.5x10<sup>9</sup>/l lower in the HIV positive patient. <b>Conclusion</b>: These data reject the hypothesis that high usage of clotting factor concentrate, rather than HIV infection, is the cause of immunodeficiency and AIDS in men with haemophilia. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This confounding is removed in studies comparing the development of immunodeficiency and AIDS defining diseases in patients matched for usage of clotting factor concentrate In this study clinical events listed as part of the AIDS definition were restricted to HIV positive patients, and CD4 counts were lower in these patients Present data reject the hypothesis that high usage of clotting factor concentrate, rather than HIV infection, is the cause of immunodeficiency and AIDS in men with haemophilia
Proteolysed Beef for Coeliac Disease
Authors: A. C. Adamson, D. Lewes
Journal: BMJ (1944)

DETENTION MEBRITISHcourage.In the Navy, they resent all discipline, shirk all responsibility, and squander their pay in a reckless fashion.A typical reaction was that of a rating who deserted to pay out his wife for some petty quarrel: " I knew she would lose her money while I was adrift," he said.They are drawn from all classes of society, and some of them have ruined excellent opportunities in early life by refusing to stick to anything.Many have been in approved schools, Borstal, or prison- some in all three; a few of them are habitual criminals, having taken to crime as a livelihood; but the majority have not enough stability even for that.It is not surprising that these men, more especially those of the aggressive type, appear in detention again and again, for violence, insubordination, and absence without leave.Under the transient stress of active service they tend to show up surprisingly well.It is not contended that crime is due to some strange disease, of which the psychopathic personality is one aspect: that conception has been abandoned by modern criminologists.On the other hand, it is significant that a very large proportion of civil and Service delinquency appears in those who have pronounced emotional instability.Such cases do not require hospital treatment or invaliding, and I have little faith in psychotherapy in these conditions.No satisfactory solution has been evolved in this country to deal with grossly psychopathic offenders, though special institutions for treating them were included among the measures in the Criminal Justice Bill of 1938.So far as Service delinquents are concerned, an attitude of understanding firm- ness, combined with careful placing on discharge from deten- tion, is all that can be attempted at the present moment.The American system of heating the punitive furnace seven times for the psychopath does not appear attractive; but, in any case, the American Forces have the advantage over us of accepting no ex-criminals for enlistment.Many and interesting cases might be quoted from our experiences with psychopaths, but the following is an example of the problem which confronts us:Case 3.-Stoker aged 45.Came from a poor home, but had no
A Sustained Mortality Benefit from Screening for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Lois G. Kim, R. Alan P. Scott, Hilary A. Ashton, Simon G. Thompson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Longer-term mortality benefit and cost-effectiveness for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening are uncertain.To estimate the benefits, in terms of AAA-related and all-cause mortality, and cost-effectiveness of ultrasonography screening for AAA in a group that was invited to screening compared with a group that was not invited at a mean 7-year follow-up.Randomized trial.4 centers in the United Kingdom.Population-based sample of 67,770 men age 65 to 74 years.Patients with an AAA detected at screening had surveillance and were offered surgery after predefined criteria were met.Mortality data were obtained after flagging on the national database. Unit costs obtained from large samples were applied to individual event data for the cost analysis.The hazard ratio was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.42 to 0.68) for AAA-related mortality in the group invited for screening. The rupture rate in men with normal results on initial ultrasonography has remained low: 0.54 rupture (CI, 0.25 to 1.02 ruptures) per 10 000 person-years. In terms of all-cause mortality, the observed hazard ratio was 0.96 (CI, 0.93 to 1.00). At the 7-year follow-up, cost-effectiveness was estimated at $19 500 (CI, $12,400 to $39,800) per life-year gained based on AAA-related mortality and $7600 (CI, $3300 to infinity) per life-year gained based on all-cause death. (All values are reported in U.S. dollars [U.K. 1 pound sterling = U.S. $1.58]).Inclusion of deaths from aortic aneurysm at an unspecified site, which may include some thoracic aortic aneurysms, may have underestimated the treatment effect.These results from a large, pragmatic randomized trial show that the early mortality benefit of screening ultrasonography for AAA is maintained in the longer term and that the cost-effectiveness of screening improves over time. International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial registration number: ISRCTN37381646.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE VAGINAL OPERATION IN OBESE PATIENTS.
Authors: W. H. HUMISTON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The assurance and skill which an operator acquires by following in any one condition a certain method of operation and technic might be commended, provided all his cases approach an ideal. However, this is far from any one's experience.  The popularity of the vaginal route for hysterectomy which is steadily growing among American surgeons has not reached its height with me. However, I do find in certain cases the method to be, if not ideal, at least expedient. I refer particularly to those cases in which excessive deposits of adipose tissue throughout the body are a sure indication of lowered vitality and lessened power of resistance to shock and to sepsis.  My early experience with this class of cases was very unhappy, and I have welcomed the simplification of the technic of vaginal hysterectomy by a bi-section of the uterus as a fortunate advance in modern surgery.  ADVANTAGES MENTIONED.  I
Is There a Typical Conflict in Gastric Complaints?
Authors: T. Platz, B. Junkert, W. Tress, H. Schepank
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

The question of conflict specificity for subjects with gastric complaints was investigated in the context of a representative, epidemiologic-psychoanalytic field study. Out of a population of 600 adults probands with dyspepsia were compared with individuals with musculoskeletal symptoms and 'healthy' subjects. Using interview protocols 2 'blinded' raters judged whether a dependency-independency conflict was present in different aspects of life. Findings supported the higher prevalence of the conflict among subjects with dyspepsia. Therefore, the conflict was considered typical, but not specific for the experimental group.
Depressed baroreflex control of renal nerve activity in conscious WHHL rabbits
Authors: H. MORITA, Y. NISHIDA, H. MOTOCHIGAWA, Y. WATANABE, H. HOSOMI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The baroreflex control of heart rate and renal nerve activity were examined in conscious Watanabe heritable hyperlipidaemic (WHHL) rabbits. Normal Japanese white rabbits were used as controls. The concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in WHHL rabbits were ten times higher than those in normal rabbits. The basal values of mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate in WHHL rabbits were significantly higher than those in normal rabbits. Baroreceptors were stimulated or unloaded by raising or lowering arterial pressure with injections of phenylephrine or glyceryl trinitrate respectively. The peak changes in heart rate and renal nerve activity were plotted against the peak changes in mean arterial pressure, and a logistic function curve was fitted to the relationships between mean arterial pressure and heart rate, or mean arterial pressure and renal nerve activity. The slopes of both heart rate and renal nerve activity declined in WHHL rabbits. The response of renal nerve activity to acute volume expansion (10 ml·kg−1) with isotonic iso-oncotic dextran was further examined. In the normal rabbit, volume expansion caused renal nerve activity to decrease by 60 ± 5%, while mean arterial pressure did not change. In the WHHL rabbit the decrease in renal nerve activity caused by volume expansion was significantly attenuated (42 ± 3%). These results indicate that both sino-aortic and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor mediated changes in renal nerve activity were impaired in the WHHL rabbit.
Antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections and conjunctivitis in primary care
Authors: Remco P Rietveld, Patrick J E Bindels, Gerben ter Riet
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Reconsideration of prescription policy is needed 

A lthough upper respiratory tract infections and acute infective conjunctivitis are minor illnesses that are usually self limiting, the use of antibiotics in these disorders is high.1–4 Two papers in the BMJ by Arroll and Kenealy and Everitt and colleagues help clarify the role of antibiotics in the treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections and acute infective conjunctivitis in primary care.5 6

Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses of such trials have shown that antibiotics provided mainly short term benefit and the reduction in symptoms was too limited to justify the use of antibiotics for these minor disorders.1–4 The number needed to treat to reduce pain at two to seven days in children with acute otitis media is 15 (95% confidence interval 11 to 24) and the number needed to treat to cure one patient with a sore throat at one week is 14 (12 to 21).1 2 This is also true for the common cold and acute infectious conjunctivitis.3 4

The …
Health-Related Quality of Life of Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Joanne Williams
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextThe negative effects of childhood overweight and obesity on quality of life (QOL) have been shown in clinical samples but not yet in population-based community samples.ObjectiveTo determine relationships between weight and health-related QOL reported by parent-proxy and child self-report in a population sample of elementary school children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional data collected in 2000 within the Health of Young Victorians Study, a longitudinal cohort study commenced in 1997. Individuals were recruited via a random 2-stage sampling design from primary schools in Victoria, Australia. Of the 1943 children in the original cohort, 1569 (80.8%) were resurveyed 3 years later at a mean age of 10.4 years.Main Outcome MeasuresHealth-related QOL using the PedsQL 4.0 survey completed by both parent-proxy and by child self-report. Summary scores for children’s total, physical, and psychosocial health and subscale scores for emotional, social, and school functioning were compared by weight category based on International Obesity Task Force cut points.ResultsOf 1456 participants, 1099 (75.5%) children were classified as not overweight; 294 (20.2%) overweight; and 63 (4.3%) obese. Parent-proxy and child self-reported PedsQL scores decreased with increasing child weight. The parent-proxy total PedsQL mean (SD) score for children who were not overweight was 83.1 (12.5); overweight, 80.0 (13.6); and obese, 75.0 (14.5); P&lt;.001. The respective child self-reported total PedsQL mean (SD) scores were 80.5 (12.2), 79.3 (12.8), and 74.0 (14.2); P&lt;.001. At the subscale level, child and parent-proxy reported scores were similar, showing decreases in physical and social functioning for obese children compared with children who were not overweight (all P&lt;.001). Decreases in emotional and school functioning scores by weight category were not significant.ConclusionThe effects of child overweight and obesity on health-related QOL in this community-based sample were significant but smaller than in a clinical sample using the same measure.
Importance of health economics must be recognised when trials are designed
Authors: A. Haycox, A. Bagust, T. Walley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Barbert and Thompson's study is welcome if it leads trial designers to recognise health economics as more than a (non-essential) afterthought to their trial.1 The points that the authors make would benefit from a more complete understanding of the nature of economic data and the context in which economic analyses are undertaken.2

Clinical outcomes in trials tend to be uni-dimensional and unambiguous (such as survival or response to treatment), whereas economic data are essentially multidimensional. Health care embraces the use of …
Amelioration of epidermal hyperplasia by TNF inhibition is associated with reduced Th17 responses
Authors: Lisa C. Zaba, Irma Cardinale, Patricia Gilleaudeau, Mary Sullivan-Whalen, Mayte Suárez-Fariñas, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Inna Novitskaya, Artemis Khatcherian, Mark J. Bluth, Michelle A. Lowes, James G. Krueger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Biological agents have dramatically improved treatment options for patients with severe psoriasis. Etanercept (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptor-immunoglobulin fusion protein) is an effective treatment for many psoriasis patients, and blockade of TNF is considered to be its primary action. However, in this clinical trial, we show that etanercept has early inhibitory effects on a newly appreciated type of T cells: T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Etanercept reduced the inflammatory dendritic cell products that drive Th17 cell proliferation (interleukin [IL] 23), as well as Th17 cell products and downstream effector molecules (IL-17, IL-22, CC chemokine ligand 20, and beta-defensin 4). In contrast, Th1 cellular products and effector molecules (interferon gamma, lymphotoxin alpha, and myxovirus resistance 1) were reduced late in disease resolution. This study suggests a role for Th17 in addition to Th1 cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Th17 cells may be particularly important in driving epidermal activation in psoriatic plaques, whereas Th1 cells must also be eliminated for final disease resolution.
Extended duration therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin for patients with genotype 3 hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis: Final results from the STEPS trial
Authors: D. Shoeb, J. Dearden, A. Weatherall, C. Bargery, S. Moreea, S. Alam, E. White, X. Vila, D. Freshwater, S. Ryder, P.R. Mills, G.J. Alexander, D. Forton, G.R. Foster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Managing skeletal related events resulting from bone metastases
Authors: A. N Wilkinson, R. Viola, M. D Brundage
Journal: BMJ (2008)

#### Summary points

Pain is one of the most common symptoms managed in a palliative setting, and over half of all metastatic cancers will be associated with pain originating from bone metastases. Breast, lung, and prostate cancers account for about 80% of all bone metastases.1 Management of bone pain is especially important in patients with prostate or breast cancer as these patients may survive for many years with metastatic disease. Primary care physicians are well suited to provide palliative care as their long term relationships with patients and their families can result in a more satisfactory experience for all involved. 

All too often the management of bone pain from cancer metastases stops at opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Although specialists administer treatments such as radiation therapy and radiopharmaceuticals, family physicians must be aware of their role if they are to make appropriate referrals. 

Bone formation is a finely balanced process involving the continuous remodelling of bone through the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This dynamic process may be disrupted by the migration of cancer cells into bone, creating bone metastases. Metastatic lesions are intrinsically weaker than normal bone and can lead to multiple sequelae …