tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Troglitazone-Induced Hepatic Failure Leading to Liver Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Troglitazone is a new drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although mild liver injury occurred in 1.9% of participants in controlled trials, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has received reports of five postmarketing cases of severe liver disease that resulted in death or liver transplantation. Objective: To report the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of a patient with troglitazone-associated severe liver injury leading to transplantation. Design: Case report. Setting: Two university hospitals. Patient: A 55-year-old woman taking troglitazone, 400 mg/d, and insulin, 120 U/d. Intervention: Discontinuation of troglitazone therapy, pretransplantation liver biopsy, and liver transplantation. Results: Early nonspecific symptoms were attributed to other causes and were not evaluated. After the patient had used troglitazone for 3.5 months, massive loss of liver parenchyma and symptoms of liver failure developed, necessitating liver transplantation. Conclusion: Troglitazone may cause subfulminant liver failure.
Normal Vision despite Narrowing of the Optic Canal in Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Janice S. Lee, Edmond FitzGibbon, John A. Butman, Craig R. Dufresne, Harvey Kushner, Shlomo Wientroub, Pamela G. Robey, Michael T. Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Fibrous dysplasia of bone frequently involves the anterior base of the cranium and results in encasement of the optic-nerve canals. It has been assumed that such encasement leads to constriction and eventual blindness. There is controversy about whether patients should be regularly monitored or whether they should undergo prophylactic decompression of the optic nerve. This question is of particular concern in patients with normal vision, since the risks associated with surgical decompression include blindness.
P68 Is it worth testing unstable drug users for hepatitis C?
Authors: B. P. Stephens
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Within the UK the main source of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is injecting drug use however, diagnosing HCV in chaotic drug users has often proved challenging, particularly if venous access is a problem. <h3>Aim</h3> To evaluate the introduction of HCV dry blood spot testing (DBST) by staff working in addiction services and to determine if individuals who agreed to testing, returned for their results and accessed appropriate follow-up into either drug or HCV treatment. <h3>Method</h3> The study was carried out over an 18-month period between 2009 and 2010. Testing for HCV was offered to individuals who accessed addiction services during this period. A follow-up appointment was issued for 2 weeks after testing. The numbers tested were monitored and data were collected on follow-up appointments attended. <h3>Results</h3> During the study, 661 tests were carried out using the DBST method. 479 (72.5%) within needle exchange services and 182 (27.5%) from drug treatment services. 439 (66%) were male, and the age range was 18 to 51 years with a median age of 32 years. 608 (91.3%) individuals returned for the results of their test and 186 (28%) of the 661 tests were HCV antibody positive. Follow-up bloods were offered to all positive patients. Of the 147 (79%) who had blood taken 90 (61.1%) were HCV PCR positive. HCV PCR negative individuals were provided with harm reduction advice, were encouraged to access drug treatment, and discharged from further HCV follow-up. All PCR positive individuals were offered referral onto drug treatment and/or specialist HCV services for assessment and treatment. Abstract P68 table 1 lists summary of outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study has shown DBST is easy to use and can be carried out without difficulty by staff within drug services. The offer of HCV testing was well received by this particular client group with over 90% of individuals returning for their results. The study has shown that DBST in practice significantly increased the number of new diagnosis within our region by 77% from 245 in 2007–2008 to 435 in 2009–2010. DBST led a significant number of people into drug and HCV treatment services and therefore proves that diagnosing hepatitis C can have life improving benefits for people.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALARIA PARASITES IN THREE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANOPHELES
Authors: W. V. King
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

Since a knowledge of the susceptibility of any species of Anopheles to infection with malaria parasites is of great importance in determining its part in the transmission of malaria, the experiments reported here were undertaken, and included the three most prevalent species of this genus occurring in the United States. As a result of these experiments Anopheles punctipennis is shown to be an efficient host of the organisms of tertian and estivo-autumnal malaria, Anopheles crucians of estivo-autumnal malaria, at least, and information has been obtained upon the relative susceptibility of these two species and Anopheles quadrimaculatus. The latter species has been known to be an efficient host since Thayer's experiments in 1900, and has been considered to be the principal species concerned in the transmission of malaria in the United States. With Anopheles punctipennis, developmental forms of the exogenous or sporogenic cycle of Plasmodium vivax were demonstrated in six (85 per cent) of the seven mosquitoes dissected, and the development of Plasmodium falciparum, in four (20 per cent) of twenty specimens. These four infections, however, occurred in a series of thirteen specimens fed on one person, so that the percentage was actually 33. With Anopheles crucians, oocysts or sporozoites or both oocysts and sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum were found in nine (75 per cent) of the twelve specimens dissected. No tests were made with this species and Plasmodium vivax. Anopheles quadrimaculatus was employed as a control species in the experiments and became infected in the following ratio: eight (66 per cent) of twelve specimens with Plasmodium vivax, and three (15 per cent) of nineteen specimens with Plasmodium falciparum. In determining the relative susceptibility of the three species only those individuals which had fed upon the same gamete carriers are considered. The number of mosquitoes from which the percentages are computed is too small to make the results entirely conclusive, but the indications are that Anopheles punctipennis and Anopheles quadrimaculatus are equally susceptible to infection with Plasmodium vivax, 85 per cent of each species under the same conditions being positive. With Plasmodium falciparum,Anopheles crucians showed the highest percentage of infection (75 per cent), Anopheles punctipennis second (33 per cent), and Anopheles quadrimaculatus third (23 per cent).
Abstract 516: Detection of human satellite RNA in the serum of high-risk patients of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takahiro Kishikawa, Motoyuki Otsuka, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Motoko Ohno, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction: Most satellite repeats in pericentmeric heterochromatin are epigenetically silenced and rarely transcribed into RNAs. However, in some pathological conditions, satellite RNA are transcribed and may deregulate cellular homeostasis. Recently, human satellite repeat II (HSATII) RNA were reported to be highly and specifically detected in human pancreatic cancers. However, precise localization of HSATII RNA expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and the time-course of its expression during carcinogenesis are unknown, mainly due to the technical difficulties to detect repetitive RNA sequences, which are difficult to amplify by PCR-based method. In this study, we determined the precise localization of HSATII RNA expression in pancreatic carcinoma tissues and developed a new method to detect HSATII RNA from the patient serum. Methods: 1) Highly sensitive and specific custom-made locked nucleic acid-modified oligonucleotide probes were synthesized to detect HSATII RNA expression by Northern blotting and RNA in situ hybridization. Resected tissues containing pancreatic carcinoma lesions and those adjacent lesions in the same section from individual patients were used to determine the precise localization of HSATII RNA expression, along with tissue arrays. 2) Total RNAs were extracted from the serum of pancreatic cancer, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), and non-cancerous patients. Custom-made biotinylated RNA probes for HSATII RNA were hybridized with the patient RNA. Paired RNA was collected, and visualized by applying modified RNA protection method. Results: 1) While no HSATII RNA expression was detected in pancreatic tissues without carcinoma, it was expressed in almost all pancreatic carcinoma tissues. Interestingly, the expression levels were clearly higher in non-cancerous lesions adjacent to carcinoma rather than in cancerous lesions themselves. 2) HSATII RNA was detected from 200 µl of the serum of pancreatic cancer and IPMN patients, whereas not detected from non-cancer patients. Conclusion: HSATII RNA is highly expressed in the tissues surrounding human pancreatic cancerous lesions. This non-coding RNA could be detected in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients as well as patients with pre-cancerous lesions. These results may facilitate the development of novel methods to determine high-risk patients of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Takahiro Kishikawa, Motoyuki Otsuka, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Motoko Ohno, Kazuhiko Koike. Detection of human satellite RNA in the serum of high-risk patients of pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 516. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-516
REPLY BY THE EDITOR
Authors: W. N. Goldsmith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1942)

Journal Article REPLY BY THE EDITOR Get access W. N. Goldsmith W. N. Goldsmith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 54, Issue 3, 1 March 1942, Pages 91–93, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1942.tb10619.x Published: 01 March 1942
Cohort studies of health effects among people exposed to estuarine waters: North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland.
Authors: C L Moe, E Turf, D Oldach, P Bell, S Hutton, D Savitz, D Koltai, M Turf, L Ingsrisawang, R Hart, J D Ball, M Stutts, R McCarter, L Wilson, D Haselow, L Grattan, J G Morris, D J Weber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A variety of human symptoms have been associated with exposure to the dinoflagellate Pfiesteria and have been grouped together into a syndrome termed "possible estuary-associated syndrome." Prospective cohort studies of health effects associated with exposure to estuarine waters that may contain Pfiesteria spp. and related organisms are in progress in North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. The three studies recruited cohorts of 118-238 subjects who work or engaged in recreation in estuary waters. Baseline health and neuropsychological evaluations are conducted, and study subjects are followed prospectively for 2-5 years with periodic assessments of health and performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests. Health symptoms and estuary water exposure are recorded by telephone interviews or diaries every 1-2 weeks. Water quality information, including measurements of Pfiesteria spp., is collected in the areas where the subjects are working. Because it is not possible to measure individual exposure to Pfiesteria or a toxin produced by this organism, these studies examine surrogate exposure measures (e.g., time spent in estuary waters, in a fish kill area, or in waters where Pfiesteria DNA was detected by molecular amplification). Preliminary analyses of the first 2 years (1998-2000) of data indicate that none of the three ongoing cohorts have detected adverse health effects. However, there have not been any reported fish kills associated with Pfiesteria since the studies began, so it is possible that none of the study subjects have been exposed to toxin-producing Pfiesteria spp.
DIFFERENCES IN LIPID AND ATHEROSCLEROTIC PROFILES BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH STANDFORD TYPE B AORTIC DISSECTION AND ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS
Authors: Lou Song-Yuan, Huang Wenhui, Jianfang Luo, Liu Zhen, Xue Ling, Yuan Liu, Xie Nianjin, Yingling Zhou, Fan Ruixin, Jiyan Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
β common receptor inactivation attenuates myeloproliferative disease in Nf1 mutant mice
Authors: Andrew Kim, Kelly Morgan, Diane E. Hasz, Stephen M. Wiesner, Jennifer O. Lauchle, Jennifer L. Geurts, Miechaleen D. Diers, Doan T. Le, Scott C. Kogan, Luis F. Parada, Kevin Shannon, David A. Largaespada
Journal: Blood (2006)
Insulin resistance in cirrhosis: Prolonged reduction of hyperinsulinemia normalizes insulin sensitivity
Authors: Alexander S. Petrides, Timmye Stanley, Dwight E. Matthews, Christoph Vogt, Andrew J. Bush, Helen Lambeth
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Insulin resistance is present in nearly all patients with cirrhosis, but its etiology remains unknown. Chronic hyperinsulinemia has been suspected as a potential candidate, and we therefore tested the hypothesis that, in cirrhosis, prolonged reduction of the hyperinsulinemia restores insulin sensitivity. Whole-body insulin sensitivity (euglycemic insulin-clamp technique), glucose turnover (6,6-2H2-glucose isotope dilution), glucose oxidation (indirect calorimetry), non-oxidative glucose disposal, and fractional glycogen synthase activity in muscle (biopsies) were measured in eight clinically stable patients with cirrhosis before and at the end of a 4-day continuous subcutaneous infusion of the somatostatin-analogue octreotide (200 microg/24 h) designed to continuously reduce plasma insulin levels. Baseline data were compared with results obtained in healthy individuals matched for sex, age, and weight (n = 8). During the baseline (pre-octreotide) study, patients demonstrated a significant decrease in insulin-mediated glucose uptake compared with controls (5.75 +/- 0.21 vs. 7.98 +/- 0.84 mg/kg/min; P < .03), which was entirely accounted for by an impairment in non-oxidative glucose disposal (P < .04). Four-day infusion of octreotide to cirrhotic patients: 1) reduced postabsorptive and meal-stimulated plasma insulin levels by approximately 35% to 45% without significantly affecting glucose tolerance; 2) did not significantly alter plasma free fatty acids (FFA), growth hormone, and glucagon levels in the postabsorptive state and during the meal test; 3) normalized insulin-mediated whole-body glucose disposal (7.63 +/- 0.72 mg/kg/min post-octreotide; P = not significant vs. control). Restoration of insulin-mediated glucose utilization was entirely caused by normalization of non-oxidative glucose disposal; 4) was associated with a considerably more pronounced stimulation by insulin of the fractional glycogen synthase in muscle compared with pre-octreotide results (increment above baseline pre: 0.035 +/- 0.010 vs. post: 0.060 +/- 0.023 nmol/min/mg protein; P < .04). Fractional glycogen activity significantly correlated with non-oxidative glucose disposal during insulin infusion (r = .69; P < .03). Prolonged reduction of hyperinsulinemia for 96 hours in cirrhotic patients normalizes insulin-mediated glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscle. We conclude that chronic hyperinsulinemia causes insulin resistance in cirrhosis.
Factor Xa Inhibitors vs Warfarin for Preventing Stroke and Thromboembolism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Karsten M. H. Bruins Slot, Eivind Berge
Journal: JAMA (2014)

<h3>Clinical Question</h3> Is treatment with factor Xa inhibitors associated with better efficacy and safety compared with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin for preventing strokes or other systemic embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation? <h3>Bottom Line</h3> Compared with warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors are associated with a lower risk of stroke and other systemic embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation. Factor Xa inhibitors were associated with lower rates of intracranial hemorrhage and mortality compared with warfarin. Factor Xa inhibitors were associated with a reduction in major bleeding events, but there was heterogeneity between the included studies, and the reduction was not statistically significant in a prespecified sensitivity analysis.
Reinventing clinical commissioning groups
Authors: K. Walshe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

They should leave commissioning to NHS England and focus on improving primary care 

The new organisational architecture of the NHS in England makes little sense to most of the people who have to make it work. Even the usually po-faced King’s Fund has mocked the Byzantine complexity produced by Lansley’s health reforms with its “alternative guide” to the new structure of the NHS, replete with a Heath Robinson-esque cartoon of the system.1 

Having set out to liberate and simplify the NHS,2 the government has ended up with more organisations and more complex interorganisational associations, while, paradoxically, no one seems to be in charge at a local level. It has also increased centralisation through powerful new national entities like NHS England, Public Health England, and Health Education England. Yet after the traumas of the past three years,3 there is little or no appetite for further organisational change, so policymakers and NHS leaders must find ways to work within these new …
Time course of metabolic activity and cellular infiltration in a murine model of acid-induced lung injury
Authors: Vanessa Zambelli, Giuseppe Di Grigoli, Margherita Scanziani, Silvia Valtorta, Maria Amigoni, Sara Belloli, Cristina Messa, Antonio Pesenti, Ferruccio Fazio, Giacomo Bellani, Rosa Maria Moresco
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
In the Blue Place
Authors: Paula Tatarunis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of HLA class II genes with susceptibility to Crohn's disease.
Authors: P M Danze, J F Colombel, S Jacquot, M N Loste, D Heresbach, S Ategbo, S Khamassi, B Perichon, G Semana, D Charron, J P Cezard
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: Published studies on the association between HLA class II genes and inflammatory bowel disease are contradictory perhaps because of the limited size and ethnic heterogeneity of the populations studied. AIM: To compare the frequencies of HLA class II genes in a large number of French patients with Crohn9s disease and in an ethnically matched control group. METHODS: 344 patients (196 F, 148 M, mean age 23.6 years) with Crohn9s disease were molecularly genotyped for the HLA-DQB1 and DRB1 alleles. The results were compared with those for an ethnically matched control population of 488 white adults. RESULTS: There were two significant variations of alleles at the DQB1 locus: an increase in DQB1*0501 allele frequency (chi 2 = 10.6, corrected p value (pc) = 0.01, odds ratio (OR) = 1.61) and a decrease in DQB1*0602/0603 allele frequencies (chi 2 = 8.43, pc = 0.037, OR = 0.66). DRB1 analysis showed associations with three allelic variations: an increase in the frequencies of DRB1*01 (chi 2 = 12.86, pc = 0.003, OR = 1.75) and DRB1*07 alleles (chi 2 = 11.18, pc = 0.008, OR = 1.58) and a very significant decrease in that of the DRB1*03 allele (chi 2 = 19.7, pc = 9.10(-5), OR = 0.46). CONCLUSION: The alleles DRB1*01 and DRB1*07 are associated with susceptibility to Crohn9s disease. The strong negative association between the DRB1*03 allele and Crohn9s disease suggests that the HLA-DRB1*03 allele mediates 9resistance9 to Crohn9s disease.
BLOOD CHANGES FOLLOWING INJECTION OF SANOCRYSIN IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: T. A. Hughes, D. L. Shrivastava
Journal: BMJ (1930)

_MEDICALJOURNAS magniesium sulphate and digitalis.Tinned meat, fresh salmon, codfislh, albumini water, butter, aiid white bread formed the basis of tlle diet, anid wlholemeal bread, wheat germ, cabbages, beanis, or peas were Inot given.These foodstuffs were fed in small amounts at frequent intervals in as palatable a form as possible.The patient remainied onl this diet for four days, during which time she gor rapidly worse.The ascites increased, and her con- dition became critical.Paracentesis abdominis was performed aiid 109 oz. of fluid removed.At this point she was put oni the usual " aniti-beri-beri " diet use3d at St. Anthony Hospital, containinig wholemeal bread, fresh neat, milk, eggs, cabbages, potatoes, beans, and peas.In additioln, she was given 1 oz. of wheat germ daily.Followingthis chanige lier general condition gradually improved.TIi about three weeks she lost tlse cachectic look, felt comfortable, anid developed a good appetite.The red blood corpuscles rose to 4 nsillioin.The oedema, liowever, did not disappear from the abdomeni or legs, and further paraceistesis was isecessary on three occasions.The urine reinaiiied free from albumins.Seven vmweeks after admissioni, siiice the diagnosis was still in doubt, Dr. Curtis performed a laparotomy.Nothing was founid to account for the recurrenit ascites.The liver, spleen, and peiitonieum were niormal.Nothlinlg further could be done for the patient in the way cf dietary treatment.It became nsecessary to perfornm paracentesis about every ten days, anid when I last saw hei in September she was becoming exhausted by the repeated tappinigs, but was otlher- wise in fairly good shape.Some oedema persisted in the calves anid over the sacrum.