tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Nanne Kleefstra, Sebastiaan T. Houweling, Henk J.G. Bilo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

With interest, we read the systematic review by Balk et al. (1). It reviewed the effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids. It is important to have an update of the systematic review performed by Althuis et al. (2) in 2002, since many studies have been published in the years thereafter.

However, we have some concerns with the conclusions of the current systematic review (1). Althuis et al. (2 …
Towards a knowledge based health service May lead to more red tape
Authors: B G Charlton, K Perrett, P Silcocks, R A Dixon, J Munro
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, — A “knowledge based health service” would seem to be something of which we might all approve. Yet the means proposed for reaching this desirable end give serious cause for concern. A new regulatory scheme is proposed whereby research managers will evaluate the evidence on science and health technologies and will “see that the results are introduced into practice.”1 Clearly, this process would be prone to the political influences, exploitation by pressure groups, and short term expediency that have affected all other aspects of NHS management.

The old model for incorporating science into clinical work was based on education and the self motivation of professionals.2 This model was able to respond to the development of scientific medicine throughout the 20th century to produce massive changes in health service practices. Of course this model is imperfect; nevertheless, remarkable progress towards evidence based medicine has been achieved, especially in …
Reduction in Intraventricular Hemorrhage by Elimination of Fluctuating Cerebral Blood-Flow Velocity in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Jeffrey M. Perlman, Steven Goodman, Katherine L. Kreusser, Joseph J. Volpe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

In a previous study of preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation for the respiratory distress syndrome, we demonstrated a striking association of fluctuating cerebral blood-flow velocity in the first day of life with the subsequent occurrence of intraventhcular hemorrhage. Because this fluctuating pattern could be eliminated by muscle paralysis, we conducted a prospective study of preterm infants receiving mechanical ventilation for the respiratory distress syndrome in which we evaluated the effect of paralysis and this flow-velocity pattern on the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage. Twenty-four infants with the fluctuating pattern in the first hours of life were identified and randomly selected to serve as controls (10) or to be subjected to muscle paralysis (14). Intraventricular hemorrhage developed in all 10 control infants but in only 5 of the 14 infants subjected to muscle paralysis. Moreover, in 4 of the 5 paralyzed infants in whom hemorrhage developed, it did so after cessation of the paralysis. Seven of the 10 control infants had Grade III hemorrhage, the most severe variety of intraventricular hemorrhage, whereas none of the paralyzed infants had Grade III hemorrhage. We conclude that elimination of fluctuating cerebral blood-flow velocity in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome markedly reduces the incidence and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:1353–7.)
Recurrent chancriform pyoderma: report of a case with tongue lesions. Is Staphylococcus aureus implicated?
Authors: S.C. HOLMES, J. THOMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Recurrent chancriform pyoderma: report of a case with tongue lesions. Is Staphylococcus aureus implicated? Get access S.C. HOLMES, S.C. HOLMES Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. THOMSON J. THOMSON Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, G4 OSF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 2, 1 August 1995, Pages 326–327, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02642.x Published: 01 August 1995 Article history Accepted: 24 August 1994 Published: 01 August 1995
Is Bigger Better for Retrovirus Conference?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ANYONE who's ever been to the International Conference on AIDS knows the meeting can be as much a pharmaceutical marketing platform and media carnival as it is a forum for new scientific and clinical data. Yet the thousands who attend the colossal conference, now held biennially, seem to lace up their running shoes as if they're about to embark on an endurance race, fully accepting the multitude of simultaneous scientific presentations, numerous pharmaceutical company— sponsored symposia, and walking, talking condoms as part of the scenery. So it's no surprise that scientists and physicians who study the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and treat patients with AIDS would like a more intimate meeting environment where they could discuss critical new data and treatment options without all the hoopla and distractions. <h3>New Appeal</h3> For a few years, at least, the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections served as such a venue. The meeting
Abstract 5095: Real-time FUCCI imaging of cell cycle phase in tumors demonstrates why cancer chemotherapy is not effective in solid cancers
Authors: Shuya Yano, Yasunori Tome, Yong Zhang, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shinji Miwa, Fuminari Uehara, Atsushi Suetsugu, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Ming Zhao, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The phase of the cell cycle can determine whether a cancer cell can respond to a given drug. The present report describes technology to monitor real-time cell cycle dynamics of cancer cells throughout a live tumor in vivo using a fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). In nascent tumors in nude mice, approximately 30% of the cells in the center of the tumor are in G0/G1 and 70% in S/G2/M. In contrast in an established tumor, approximately 90% of cancer cells in the center are in G0/G1 phase. Similarly, approximately 75% of cancer cells far from (&amp;gt;100 µm) tumor blood vessels are in G0/G1. Longitudinal real-time imaging demonstrated that cytotoxic agents killed only proliferating cancer cells at the surface of tumors and, in contrast, had little effect on quiescent cancer cells that are the vast majority of an established tumor. Moreover resistant quiescent cancer cells that moved to the tumor surface restarted cycling after the cessation of chemotherapy. Most drugs currently in clinical use target cancer cells in S/G2/M which our results show are a small minority in established tumors, thereby accounting, at least in part, for poor efficacy of cytotoxic drugs in solid cancer. Our results also suggest that drugs that target quiescent cancer cells are urgently needed. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Yasunori Tome, Yong Zhang, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shinji Miwa, Fuminari Uehara, Atsushi Suetsugu, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Ming Zhao, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Robert M. Hoffman. Real-time FUCCI imaging of cell cycle phase in tumors demonstrates why cancer chemotherapy is not effective in solid cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5095. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5095
Rhesus sensitization associated with I.U.D. in pregnancy.
Authors: J S McCracken
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A case study of possible maternal rhesus sensitization developing during late pregnancy with a Dalkon Shield intrauterine device in place is presented.  A 20 year old patient with a blood group of O Rhesus D negative became pregnant while wearing a Dalkon Shield.  During the pregnancy no autoimmune antibodies were detected.  Upon delivery of the placenta a thin layer of adherent retroplacental clot was found which was most likely caused by the location of the device.  Analysis of the clot revealed an immune antibody that was very similar to anti-D though only present in a weak titer.  It is possible that the device by causing retroplacental damage in late pregnancy was responsible for sufficient feto-maternal hemorrhage to cause maternal rhesus sensitization.
Abstract 2977: Malignant transformation associated with repetitive Ras/Rac1 activation, increased production of superoxide anion, and global DNA methylation alterations.
Authors: Fernanda Molognoni, Fabiana M. Melo, Camila Tainah, Miriam G. Jasiulionis
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Driver mutations in N-Ras and BRAF, and more recently in Rac1, were described in melanomas. Using a malignant transformation model of murine melanocytes developed in our laboratory, in which melanoma cell lines were obtained after submitting the melanocyte lineage melan-a to sequential cycles of anchorage blockade, we identified dysfunction in both N-Ras and Rac1 during stressful condition. Our group has already showed increased global DNA methylation as well increased DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) protein level few hours after anchorage blockade. This increase seems to be related with elevated amounts of superoxide anion. Previous works have showed that both Ras may regulate superoxide level as Ras activation may affect DNA methylation. Therefore, we aimed to study the relation among Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway, oxidative stress and DNA methylation during melan-a anchorage blockade. We showed that Ras, Rac1 and ERK are activated few hours after melan-a anchorage blockade and inhibiting this activation abrogates superoxide increase. Furthermore, global DNA methylation levels decrease during anchorage blockade after treating cells with superoxide scavenger or Ras inhibitor (FTI). Dnmt1 protein level is also decreased after treating melan-a cells during anchorage blockade with FTI or ERK inhibitor (U0126). Ras/MEK/ERK pathway seems to be regulated by and regulates superoxide production during melan-a anchorage restriction. In this way, superoxide anion depletion impairs Ras and ERK activation and FTI or U0126 treatment decreases superoxide during adhesion impediment. This aberrant signaling seems to have a significant impact in melanoma genesis since the malignant transformation was drastically compromised when melan-a melanocytes were pre-treated with superoxide scavenger before each anchorage impediment cycle. Elucidating the relation among oxidative stress, epigenetic changes and melanocyte malignant transformation may provide novel avenues to develop alternative therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Fernanda Molognoni, Fabiana M. Melo, Camila Tainah, Miriam G. Jasiulionis. Malignant transformation associated with repetitive Ras/Rac1 activation, increased production of superoxide anion, and global DNA methylation alterations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2977. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2977
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Is Involved in Outside-In Signaling in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Karin Kohlstedt, Ralf P. Brandes, Werner Müller-Esterl, Rudi Busse, Ingrid Fleming
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Not all of the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors can be attributed to changes in angiotensin II and bradykinin levels. Because the cytoplasmic tail of ACE is phosphorylated, we determined whether ACE inhibitors affect the phosphorylation of ACE and whether ACE possesses the characteristics of a signal transduction molecule. The ACE inhibitors ramiprilat and perindoprilat, and the substrate bradykinin (but not angiotensin I), enhanced the activity of ACE-associated CK2 and the phosphorylation of ACE Ser1270 in cultured endothelial cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) coprecipitated with ACE, and stimulation of endothelial cells with ACE inhibitors increased the activity of ACE-associated JNK and elicited the accumulation of phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus. Ramiprilat was however unable to activate JNK or to stimulate the nuclear accumulation of c-Jun in endothelial cells expressing a S1270A ACE mutant or in ACE-deficient cells. Because the ACE inhibitor-induced increase in ACE expression has been linked to the formation of c-Jun homodimers, we investigated whether ACE signaling via JNK contributes to this response in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged ramiprilat treatment increased ACE expression in primary cultures of human endothelial cells and in vivo (mouse lung), a response that was prevented by pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Thus, ACE is involved in outside-in signaling in endothelial cells and "ACE signaling" may be an important cellular mechanism contributing to the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding.
Authors: F. E. Murray, M. A. Hull, J. Rawlings, C. J. Hawkey, S. P. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1992)

a conserved breast, although the definition of local recurrence does depend on the extent and meticulousness of histopathological examination.Wide excision to ensure clear margins certainly compromises cosmetic results, particularly in small breasts, and the relative importance of cosmesis and local recurrence needs to be determined for each patient.Adequate radiotherapy minimises the risk of local recurrence, and if there is local recurrence survival does not seem to be affected adversely.The effect of a booster dose of radiation in relation to completeness of excision is currently the subject of a clinical trial by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment ofCancer.
Endogenous ursodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid in liver disease due to cystic fibrosis
Authors: Jeffery L. Smith, Peter J. Lewindon, Anita C. Hoskins, Tamara N. Pereira, Kenneth D. R. Setchell, Nancy C. O'Connell, Ross W. Shepherd, Grant A. Ramm
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Focal biliary cirrhosis causes significant morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). Although the mechanisms of pathogenesis remain unclear, bile acids have been proposed as potential mediators of liver injury. This study examined bile acid composition in CF and assessed altered bile acid profiles to determine if they are associated with incidence and progression of liver injury in CF-associated liver disease (CFLD). Bile acid composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in bile, urine, and serum samples from 30 children with CFLD, 15 children with CF but without liver disease (CFnoLD), and 43 controls. Liver biopsies from 29 CFLD subjects were assessed histologically by grading for fibrosis stage, inflammation, and disruption of the limiting plate. A significantly greater proportion of endogenous biliary ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was demonstrated in CFnoLD subjects vs. both CFLD subjects and controls (2.4- and 2.2-fold, respectively; ANOVA, P = .04), and a 3-4 fold elevation in endogenous serum UDCA concentration was observed in both CFLD subjects and CFnoLD subjects vs. controls (ANOVA, P &lt; .05). In CFLD, there were significant correlations between serum cholic acid and hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and limiting plate disruption as well as the ratio of serum cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid to hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and limiting plate disruption. In conclusion, elevated endogenous UDCA in CFnoLD suggests a possible protective role against liver injury in these patients. The correlation between both cholic acid and cholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid levels with histological liver injury and fibrosis progression suggests a potential monitoring role for these bile acids in CFLD. (Hepatology 2004;39:1673-1682.)
From Intense Rejection to Advocacy: How Muslim Clerics Were Engaged in a Polio Eradication Initiative in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Sani-Gwarzo Nasir, Gambo Aliyu, Inuwa Ya'u, Muktar Gadanya, Muktar Mohammad, Mahmud Zubair, Samer S. El-Kamary
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Gambo Aliyu and colleagues describe an approach to eradicating polio in Northern Nigeria by engaging Muslim clerics in influencing community perceptions. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Nature of the mucosal changes associated with malignant neoplasms in the small intestine.
Authors: F D Lee
Journal: Gut (1966)

The author of this paper has again brought up the much discussed problem of malignant disease of the small bowel and its relation to idiopathic steatorrhoea.Whilst agreeing that idiopathic steatorrhoea can be complicated by malignant disease he also feels that malignant disease, and particularly small bowel lymphoma, can produce a mucosal abnormality similar to that found in idiopathic steatorrhoea.
The effects of graphene oxide nanosheets localized on F-actin filaments on cell-cycle alterations
Authors: María-Concepción Matesanz, Mercedes Vila, María-José Feito, Javier Linares, Gil Gonçalves, María Vallet-Regi, Paula-Alexandrina A.P. Marques, María-Teresa Portolés
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Global Disease Priority
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3624: Therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma multiforme using anti-EMP2 antibodies
Authors: Maoyong Fu, Lee Goodglick, Lynn K. Gordon, Jonathan Braun, Madhuri Wadehra
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Despite recent advances in molecular classification, surgery and radiotherapy, and the integration of novel molecular targeted therapies, the clinical outcome of patients with malignant brain tumors remains extremely poor. In particular, the prognosis for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors, yields only a median survival of 12 months; the 5-year survival rate of less than 5%. In this report, we show that epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) is a novel tetraspan protein upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in 95% of patients with GBM. We have started to characterize the functional consequence of EMP2 up-regulation in GBM cells. Within these cells, EMP2 appears to orchestrate the membrane expression of proteins required for cell migration and invasion. Specifically, our past results as well as our current preliminary results strongly suggest that EMP2 modulates the repertoire of integrin heterodimers on the cell surface and stabilizes the FAK complex and signaling required for cell migration and GBM progression. We further show that this upregulation is sufficient to induce tumor growth in a number of xenograft models using immunocompromised mice. The high expression of EMP2 on the membrane of GBM cells caused us to predict that we could exploit this increase in expression using anti-EMP2 recombinant antibodies. Using both anti-EMP2 antibody fragments (diabodies) as well as a humanized anti-EMP2 IgG1, we show that anti-EMP2 antibodies specifically induce apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo using GBM xenograft models. We have also started characterizing any potential toxicity that may arise from anti-EMP2 therapy. Importantly, no systemic or histological toxicity was observed at therapeutic doses. Thus, we predict that EMP2 expression can be targeted in GBM to develop a novel therapeutic strategy, and it may have broad applicability given that EMP2 expression is upregulated in a number of other tumors such as ovarian and breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3624. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3624
Clinically equivocal melanocytic skin lesions with features of regression: a dermoscopic-pathological study
Authors: I. Zalaudek, G. Argenziano, G. Ferrara, H.P. Soyer, R. Corona, F. Sera, L. Cerroni, A. Carbone, A. Chiominto, L. Cicale, G. De Rosa, A. Ferrari, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, J. Malvehy, K. Peris, M.A. Pizzichetta, S. Puig, M. Scalvenzi, S. Staibano, V. Ruocco
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Benign melanocytic skin lesions may be difficult to differentiate from melanoma both clinically and dermoscopically. One of the most confounding dermoscopic features, commonly seen in melanoma but in our experience also in melanocytic naevi, is represented by the so-called blue–white structures (BWS). Objectives To evaluate diagnostic significance and histopathological correlates of BWS seen by dermoscopy in a series of clinically equivocal melanocytic skin lesions that were excised. Methods Patients were recruited from six specialized pigmented lesion clinics in Austria, Italy and Spain over a period of 9 months. All consecutive patients showing one or more melanocytic lesions with BWS, but not classified as melanoma dermoscopically, were included. Each lesion was photographed clinically and dermoscopically. All images were reviewed by one of us and the degree, type and location of BWS evaluated for each lesion. A panel of four experienced dermatopathologists independently reviewed all specimens for diagnosis and one of them evaluated presence and degree of melanosis and/or fibrosis. The main outcome measures were the percentage and histopathological correlates of lesions with different degree, type and location of BWS. Results All included lesions with BWS (n = 158) showed partial or focal regression histopathologically. One hundred and thirty-five (85·4%) lesions were diagnosed as melanocytic naevi (complete histopathological interobserver agreement), whereas 23 (14·6%) were defined as equivocal because at least one of four pathologists diagnosed the given lesion as melanoma. Only one lesion was diagnosed as melanoma by all four pathologists. The majority of naevi exhibited blue areas (84·4%) with a central distribution (57%) and involving < 50% of the lesion surface (89·6%). By contrast, 78·3% of equivocal lesions revealed a combination of white and blue areas with an irregular distribution (60·9%) and involving > 50% of the lesion surface (47·8%). Conclusions Using degree and type of BWS, an algorithm was constructed that can be applied for the management of lesions exhibiting dermoscopic features of regression.
Common variants in WFS1 confer risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Manjinder S Sandhu, Michael N Weedon, Katherine A Fawcett, Jon Wasson, Sally L Debenham, Allan Daly, Hana Lango, Timothy M Frayling, Rosalind J Neumann, Richard Sherva, Ilana Blech, Paul D Pharoah, Colin N A Palmer, Charlotte Kimber, Roger Tavendale, Andrew D Morris, Mark I McCarthy, Mark Walker, Graham Hitman, Benjamin Glaser, M Alan Permutt, Andrew T Hattersley, Nicholas J Wareham, Inês Barroso
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)