tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Subclinical Inflammation as Part of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Authors: Andreas Festa, Ralph D’Agostino, George Howard, Leena Mykkänen, Russell P. Tracy, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Inflammation has been suggested as a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Recently, some components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) have been related to inflammatory markers. We hypothesized that insulin insensitivity, as directly measured, may be associated with inflammation in nondiabetic subjects.We studied the relation of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and white cell count to components of IRS in the nondiabetic population of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) (n=1008; age, 40 to 69 years; 33% with impaired glucose tolerance), a multicenter, population-based study. None of the subjects had clinical coronary artery disease. Insulin sensitivity (S(I)) was measured by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test, and CRP was measured by a highly sensitive competitive immunoassay. All 3 inflammatory markers were correlated with several components of the IRS. Strong associations were found between CRP and measures of body fat (body mass index, waist circumference), S(I), and fasting insulin and proinsulin (all correlation coefficients >0.3, P<0.0001). The associations were consistent among the 3 ethnic groups of the IRAS. There was a linear increase in CRP levels with an increase in the number of metabolic disorders. Body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and S(I) were related to CRP levels in a multivariate linear regression model.We suggest that chronic subclinical inflammation is part of IRS. CRP, a predictor of cardiovascular events in previous reports, was independently related to S(I). These findings suggest potential benefits of anti-inflammatory or insulin-sensitizing treatment strategies in healthy individuals with features of IRS.
Diabetic Polyneuropathy and Glucose Control
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>PCAT-1</i>, a Long Noncoding RNA, Regulates BRCA2 and Controls Homologous Recombination in Cancer
Authors: John R. Prensner, Wei Chen, Matthew K. Iyer, Qi Cao, Teng Ma, Sumin Han, Anirban Sahu, Rohit Malik, Kari Wilder-Romans, Nora Navone, Christopher J. Logothetis, John C. Araujo, Louis L. Pisters, Ashutosh K. Tewari, Christine E. Canman, Karen E. Knudsen, Naoki Kitabayashi, Mark A. Rubin, Francesca Demichelis, Theodore S. Lawrence, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Felix Y. Feng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Impairment of double-stranded DNA break (DSB) repair is essential to many cancers. However, although mutations in DSB repair proteins are common in hereditary cancers, mechanisms of impaired DSB repair in sporadic cancers remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe the first role for a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in DSB repair in prostate cancer. We identify PCAT-1, a prostate cancer outlier lncRNA, which regulates cell response to genotoxic stress. PCAT-1 expression produces a functional deficiency in homologous recombination through its repression of the BRCA2 tumor suppressor, which, in turn, imparts a high sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors of PARP1. These effects reflected a posttranscriptional repression of the BRCA2 3'UTR by PCAT-1. Our observations thus offer a novel mechanism of "BRCAness" in sporadic cancers.
Dual-Tracer Assessment of Coupling Between Cardiac Sympathetic Neuronal Function and Downregulation of β-Receptors During Development of Hypertensive Heart Failure of Rats
Authors: Takashi Nozawa, Akihiko Igawa, Naohiro Yoshida, Masatoshi Maeda, Minoru Inoue, Yoshitaka Yamamura, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Heart failure is associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system and downregulation of β-receptors. However, the coupling between cardiac sympathetic neuronal function and the β-receptor during the development of hypertensive heart failure is not clear. Methods and Results —We determined cardiac neuronal function and β-receptors with a dual-tracer method of [ 131 I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 125 I-cyanopindolol (ICYP) in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and salt-resistant (DR) rats. The rats were fed an 8% NaCl diet after the age of 6 weeks. Blood pressure was raised to &gt;200 mm Hg at 12 weeks in DS rats and remained elevated until 18 weeks, but only slightly in DR rats. Left ventricular (LV) function of DS rats was preserved at 12 weeks but deteriorated at 18 weeks. Despite a 56% reduction of cardiac norepinephrine (NE) content at 12 weeks in DS rats, neither MIBG nor ICYP uptake in DS rats was different from that of DR rats. At 18 weeks, both MIBG and ICYP uptakes decreased, by 52% and 39%, respectively, in association with 71% reduction of cardiac NE, in DS rats. MIBG uptake of the LV was homogeneous at 6 weeks but was lower in the LV endocardial regions at 18 weeks in DS rats. Conclusions —The present results indicate that cardiac sympathetic neuronal function is relatively preserved at the compensated, hypertrophic stage of DS rats but deteriorates in association with β-receptor downregulation at the failing stage. The cardiac neuronal dysfunction occurs heterogeneously. A combination of scintigraphic portrayal of β-receptors with MIBG should provide valuable information regarding sympathetic nerve signaling in living hearts.
Long-term follow-up of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphomas treated up-front with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: P Corradini, C Tarella, F Zallio, A Dodero, M Zanni, P Valagussa, A M Gianni, A Rambaldi, T Barbui, S Cortelazzo
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES IS IT ADVISABLE TO REMOVE THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX WHEN THE ABDOMEN IS OPENED FOR OTHER REASONS?
Authors: HOWARD A. KELLY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The importance of the vermiform appendix as a possible cause of complication in gynecologic pelvic surgery was suddenly and sharply brought to my attention some time since by the case of a patient who came under my care in December, 1894, suffering from general pelvic discomfort and painful menstruation. I made a median abdominal incision and found the uterus retroflexed, the ovaries adherent and the vaginal outlet relaxed. The uterus was suspended, the varicose ovarian veins ligated and the vaginal outlet repaired. The patient was little if at all improved by my treatment, to our mutual disappointment. After leaving my care she went to live in Pennsylvania, and some months later I had a letter from her, informing me that she had had an attack of appendicitis, for which she had been operated on by my old friend Dr. John Deaver. The result of the operation was a complete relief
The Palliative Treatment of Carcinoma Uteri
Authors: G. R. Leighton
Journal: BMJ (1901)

PALLIATIVE TREATMENT OF WOMB CANCER.[MARCH i6, igo1.on patients suffering from such affections as gastric catarrh and ulceration, dilatation of the stomach, and so forth.Cabot,5 for example, states that digestion leucocytosis often does not occur in chronic gastritis and ulcer, but that its absence is still m( re constant in carcinoma ventriculi.To this latter point attention had already been directed by Mudller,6 who published in I897 a note of five cases of cancer
Successful Treatment of a Patient With Epstein-Barr Virus–Positive B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder Resembling Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Using Single-Agent Rituximab
Authors: Norman I. Maldonado, Fernando Cabanillas, Elaine S. Jaffe, Mark Raffeld, Luis Lozada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Lymphoproliferative disorders that are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are most common after organ and allogeneic bone marrow or stem-cell transplantation. These disorders are rare but can be quite serious. Multiple treatment regimens have been attempted, including the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab.1 Nontransplantation-related EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorders such as age-related EBV-positive diffuse large-cell lymphoma also occur, although less commonly. There is no standard management for these latter disorders.2

We herein describe an elderly patient with no prior history of transplantation or known immunodeficiency who developed a life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorder that was associated with a clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement secondary to EBV. The patient was treated successfully with single-agent rituximab.
Baseline gamma-glutamyl transferase levels strongly correlate with hepatocellular carcinoma development in non-cirrhotic patients with successful hepatitis C virus eradication
Authors: Chung-Feng Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Pei-Chien Tsai, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Hua-Ling Yang, Ming-Yen Hsieh, Jeng-Fu Yang, Zu-Yau Lin, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Liang-Yen Wang, Chia-Yen Dai, Jee-Fu Huang, Wan-Long Chuang, Ming-Lung Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
An unusual case of Bardet–Biedl syndrome presenting with pancytopenia
Authors: Emel Gürkan, Mehmet Şik Genç
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

To the Editor: Granulocytic sarcoma, a localized tumor mass composed of immature cells derived from the hematopoietic myeloid series, could infiltrate any extramedullary site; however, mediastinal involvement is distinctly rare [1].A patient who presented cardiac tamponade and superior vena cava obstruction caused by granulocytic sarcoma is described.A 45-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of general discomfort, anorexia, and pain on the left costosternal zone.The chest X-ray was normal.Four weeks later, dyspnea appeared on moderate effort.On admission, she had orthopnea, elevated jugular venous pressure, regular tachycardia, normal blood pressure, distant heart sounds, and bilateral leg swelling.Hepatomegaly and lympha-denopathy were absent.Chest X-ray now showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and a moderate right pleural effusion.Electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and low voltage.Laboratory test showed a haemoglobin level of 80 g/L, and ESR of 62 mm/hr.There were no abnormal cells.Thoracocentesis showed an inflammatory exudate with absence of malignant cells.On the fifth hospital day, the patient had increased dyspnea, marked distension of jugular venous, Kuss-maul sign, pulsus paradoxus of 20 mmHg, and hypotension.An echocardiogram disclosed a large pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade (Fig. 1), and 750 mL of bloody fluid was removed.Pericardial fluid and biopsy were negative for malignancy.A full-body CT scan showed (Fig. 2) findings highly suggestive of thoracic lymphoma and a superior vena cava obstruction.Bone marrow biopsy was normal.A mediastinum biopsy revealed a granulocytic sarcoma.Immunophenotypic analysis of the blasts showed positive cytoplasmic staining for myeloid markers (MPO), CD34 þ , CD68 þ , and HLA-DR þ .Cytogenetic analysis revealed following karyotype: þ4, -9, -17, add (17)(p13), -18, þ21, þ22.The disease remained refractory to chemotherapy (idarubicin, cytarabine, and hydroxyurea), and the patient expired in multiorgan failure, 13 weeks after clinical onset.Granulocytic sarcoma can infiltrate different organs, including bone, skin, lymph nodes, lung, breast, and central nervous system.Mediastinal involvement in hematological malignancy is always considered exclusively of lymphoid origin [2].However, a few reports of mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma with features of superior vena cava obstruction have been described [2,3].Malignant involvement
Effects of Postprandial Exercise on Glycemic Response in IDDM Subjects: Studies at constant insulinemia
Authors: Ole W Rasmussen, Finn F Lauszus, Kjeld Hermansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of postprandial exercise on blood glucose responses in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two identical test meals were served with a 7-day interval. On one occasion, a 30-min cycle exercise was performed 15 min after the meal. Patients had achieved normoglycemia by means of an artificial pancreas (Biostator) before the meals, which also ensured constant insulin infusion in the study periods. Seven IDDM subjects attending the outpatient clinic at Aarhus Kommunehospital were studied. RESULTS The 30 min of cycling reduced postprandial blood glucose response areas by 34 ± 12% (P &amp;lt; 0.01) from 638 ± 30 to 492 ± 61 mmol/l × 180 min (P &amp;lt; 0.03), whereas similar peak blood glucose values were found (13.7 ± 0.3 vs. 12.0 ± 1.3 mmol/l). CONCLUSIONS Thirty minutes of moderate exercise done postprandially reduces the blood glucose response to 50 g carbohydrate by about one-third.
Measles Virus Vaccine–Infected Tumor Cells Induce Tumor Antigen Cross-Presentation by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Guillerme, Nicolas Boisgerault, David Roulois, Jérémie Ménager, Chantal Combredet, Frédéric Tangy, Jean-François Fonteneau, Marc Gregoire
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are antigen-presenting cells specialized in antiviral response. The measles virus vaccine is proposed as an antitumor agent to target and specifically kill tumor cells without infecting healthy cells.Here, we investigated, in vitro, the effects of measles virus vaccine-infected tumor cells on the phenotype and functions of human pDC. We studied maturation and tumor antigen cross-presentation by pDC, exposed either to the virus alone, or to measles virus vaccine-infected or UV-irradiated tumor cells.We found that only measles virus vaccine-infected cells induced pDC maturation with a strong production of IFN-α, whereas UV-irradiated tumor cells were unable to activate pDC. This IFN-α production was triggered by the interaction of measles virus vaccine single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) with TLR7. We observed that measles virus vaccine-infected tumor cells were phagocytosed by pDC. Interestingly, we showed cross-presentation of the tumor antigen NYESO-1 to a specific CD8(+) T-cell clone when pDC were cocultured with measles virus vaccine-infected tumor cells, whereas pDC were unable to cross-present NYESO-1 after coculture with UV-irradiated tumor cells.Altogether, our results suggest that the use of measles virus vaccine in antitumor virotherapy induces immunogenic tumor cell death, allowing pDC to mature, produce high amounts of IFN-α, and cross-present tumor antigen, thus representing a mode of recruiting these antigen-presenting cells in the immune response. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1147-58. ©2012 AACR.
Lectures on the Surgery of Childhood
Authors: A. A. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1860)

diency of haety Excisions of Joints or Amputations in early life; Concluding Remarks.GENTLEMEN,-In the present lecture, we arrive at last at the surgical diseases, properly so called.The constitutional pecu.liarities of childhood impress their character upon these dis.eases, and modify their progress, their termination, and their treatment.Independent of these modifications, we find nu- merous affections which are either peculiar to early life, which are then most frequently met with, or, at any rate, which pre- sent at this time certain specialities deserving our attention.Hernia.I hinted in the first lecture that these diseases might be connected with some congenital defect, might arise from injury, or might depend on less obvious causes, constitu- tional or locaL I purpose occupying the greater part of your time to-day with the consideration of an affection belonging to the first of these divisions; viz., hernia, as it is met with in the child.I do so, because-though I may have little that is absolutely new to offer to you-I have found practicaUy that somewhat vague, not to say erroneous, notions on the subject exist in the minds of certain practitioners, and perhaps, too, I may be able to collect and present to you at one view, with the brevity which a lecture enforces, various facts and observa- tions, most of which exist, indeed, in such Amirable works a those of Lawrenoe, Scarpa, and Cooper, but which are there dispersed and mixed up with the description of the disease as it occurs in the adult.Hernia is an affection which is very frequently met with in cbildren.According to Malgaigne, within the first year after birtb, one male child in every twenty is ruptured; after the first year, however, the proportion steadily falls, till at the age of thirteen, it has become as low as one in seventy-seven ; be- yond this time of life, the ratio begins again to rise.*From Mr. Heather Bigg, through whose hands pass about two thousand cases of heria annually, and to whom I am indebted for much valuable information, I learn that during the past year the proportion borne by his cases of rupture in children to those of adult life, was as one in nine-the numbers in early life being as follows:following table is taken from MaJgaigne's Recmhkes sr lafriquec dea Jiemnies, ete.:-From birth to one year, the proportion of cases of hernia in male subjeets is a8 . .I to 20.07 From I to 2 years 1to 29.09 to 2 to a I to 86.87 ,, 8to 4 ltoY.S64 so 4 to b I .to59.73 is 5 tol is I , to7.81 to .oI..1 to41.7 20 to2,
The Photographic Museum
Authors: John Fallon, John Meyers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

SINCE the times of Leonardo, Vesalius and John Hunter, visual teaching has been a preoccupation of medicine's greatest minds. Unfortunately it has also been, for the most part, the prerogative of that same group: to indulge in it has required either artistic ability or unusual resources. Nowadays modern photography offers the privilege of visual teaching to the worker in the ranks.Thus, 7 physicians in nonacademic group practice have assembled a pathological "museum" in a medium that is at once efficient and compatible with their funds and space: 35-mm. color film. A few enlargements in viewboxes, viewing and projection paraphernalia . . .
Cytokines in human renal interstitial fibrosis. II. Intrinsic interleukin (IL)-1 synthesis and IL-1-dependent production of IL-6 and IL-8 by cultured kidney fibroblasts
Authors: Gerhard Lonnemann, Gabi Engler-Blum, Gerhard A. Müller, Karl M. Koch, Charles A. Dubarello
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Using custom protein microarrays to identify autoantibody biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer.
Authors: KS Anderson, S Sibani, J Wong, E Hainsworth, EA Mendoza, R Eugene, J Raphael, T Logvinenko, N Ramachandran, A Godwin, J Marks, P Engstrom, J LaBaer
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2003 Background: Cancer patients make antibodies to tumor-derived proteins that are potential biomarkers for early detection. To detect autoantibodies to tumor antigens in patient sera, we have adapted novel high-density custom protein microarrays (NAPPA) expressing 6,500 candidate tumor antigens for biomarker detection. These arrays are probed with sera from patients with early stage breast cancer and healthy women. Using this approach, we identified antibodies in the sera of breast cancer patients.&amp;#x2028; Methods: 6,500 full-length human antigens were expressed using mammalian reticulocyte lysate and captured onto NAPPA protein microarrays. Protein expression (&amp;gt;90%) was confirmed with anti-GST antibodies. Patient sera were added, and bound IgG detected with secondary antibodies. Serum samples were obtained from 103 patients with stages I-III breast cancer, and 103 age-matched control women, all undergoing routine mammography.&amp;#x2028; Results: Using high-density protein microarrays, sera from breast cancer patients (n=53) and healthy donor sera (n=53) were screened for autoantibodies to 6,500 protein antigens. Antigens were selected for further analysis if the 95th percentile of signal of cases and controls were significantly different (p&amp;lt;0.05) and if the number of cases with signals above the 95th percentile of controls was larger than the number expected due to random chance (p&amp;lt;0.05). Known tumor antigens, such as p53, were detected, as well as novel antigens such as DCC1, Rab7L and USP44. In total, 768 unique antigens were selected for further analysis with an independent set of breast cancer patient (n=50) and healthy donor sera (n=50).&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Custom in-situ protein microarrays can be used to detect serum tumor antigen-specific antibodies and enables the rapid, simultaneous detection of immunogenic tumor antigens from patient sera. These autoantibodies are being evaluated as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2003.
Measles Outbreak Response Immunization Is Context-Specific: Insight from the Recent Experience of Médecins Sans Frontières
Authors: Andrea Minetti, Cameron Bopp, Florence Fermon, Gwenola François, Rebecca F. Grais, Lise Grout, Northan Hurtado, Francisco J. Luquero, Klaudia Porten, Laurent Sury, Meguerditch Terzian
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Andrea Minetti and colleagues compare measles outbreak responses from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Malawi and argue that outbreak response strategies should be tailored to local measles epidemiology. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary