tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation for Failed Bioprosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: John G. Webb, David A. Wood, Jian Ye, Ronen Gurvitch, Jean-Bernard Masson, Josep Rodés-Cabau, Mark Osten, Eric Horlick, O. Wendler, Eric Dumont, Ronald G. Carere, Namal Wijesinghe, Fabian Nietlispach, Mark Johnson, Chrisopher R. Thompson, Robert Moss, Jonathon Leipsic, Brad Munt, Samuel V. Lichtenstein, Anson Cheung
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The majority of prosthetic heart valves currently implanted are tissue valves that can be expected to degenerate with time and eventually fail. Repeat cardiac surgery to replace these valves is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter heart valve implantation within a failed bioprosthesis, a "valve-in-valve" procedure, may offer a less invasive alternative.Valve-in-valve implantations were performed in 24 high-risk patients. Failed valves were aortic (n=10), mitral (n=7), pulmonary (n=6), or tricuspid (n=1) bioprostheses. Implantation was successful with immediate restoration of satisfactory valve function in all but 1 patient. No patient had more than mild regurgitation after implantation. No patients died during the procedure. Thirty-day mortality was 4.2%. Mortality was related primarily to learning-curve issues early in this high-risk experience. At baseline, 88% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV; at the last follow-up, 88% of patients were in class I or II. At a median follow-up of 135 days (interquartile range, 46 to 254 days) and a maximum follow-up of 1045 days, 91.7% of patients remained alive with satisfactory valve function.Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation is a reproducible option for the management of bioprosthetic valve failure. Aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid tissue valves were amenable to this approach. This finding may have important implications with regard to valve replacement in high-risk patients.
Accuracy of Gram's stain in identifying pneumococci in sputum
Authors: M. F. Rein
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We prospectively examined the accuracy of Gram-stained sputum for identifying pneumococci in 42 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. We considered the Gram's stain positive if a preponderant flora or more than ten Gram-positive lancet-shaped diplococci were seen per oil immersion (×1,000) field. These criteria were met in 18 (62%) of 29 specimens that actually contained pneumococci as determined by a positive quellung reaction, or culture on plates or in mice. The Gram's stain was negative in 11 of 13 specimens that did not contain pneumococci. Of the 20 specimens yielding positive Gram's stains, 18 contained pneumococci. A positive Gramstained smear of sputum strongly suggests the presence of pneumococci, but will miss 38% of specimens containing pneumococci. Deviation from these criteria substantially reduces the overall accuracy of the test. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2671-2673, 1978)
Health-Services Information Systems in the United States Today
Authors: Jane H. Murnaghan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract Health-services Information systems are defined as those whose primary purpose is to provide intelligence for use in decision making by organizations and individuals responsible for personal health care. Substantial progress has been made in the United States in certain fields like national base-line statistics and hospital-discharge abstract systems, and there is new interest in systems for ambulatory care, in Cooperative systems covering state and metropolitan areas, and in the development of common terminology. In general, however, demand for information far exceeds supply. Professional standards review organizations, for example, will lack information for establishing norms and profiles of care, and for evaluating medical services in the larger perspective of individual and community needs and long-term consequences. The most pervasive weakness remains fragmentation of sources and systems at all levels, paralleling the dispersion of responsibility and accountability for health services. (N Engl J Med 290:603–610, 1974)
Rate dependence of ventricular extrasystoles: computer identification and quantitative analysis
Authors: C. FUNCK-BRENTANO, P. COUMEL, P. LORENTE, P. MAISON-BLANCHE, R. SLAMA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Rate dependence of ventricular extrasystoles: computer identification and quantitative analysis Get access CHRISTIAN FUNCK-BRENTANO, CHRISTIAN FUNCK-BRENTANO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PHILIPPE COUMEL, PHILIPPE COUMEL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PACO LORENTE, PACO LORENTE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PIERRE MAISON-BLANCHE, PIERRE MAISON-BLANCHE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT SLAMA ROBERT SLAMA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 2, February 1988, Pages 101–107, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.2.101 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 26 March 1987 Accepted: 20 August 1987 Published: 01 February 1988
"POISON GAS FOR MOSQUITOES"
Authors: Andrew Balfour
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has been directed to a communication by Dr. Hulussi Mustafa of Diabekir, Turkey (The Journal, September 4, p. 777), in which apparently he claims to be the first to introduce the use of poison gas for the destruction of mosquitoes. Permit me, as president of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, to direct attention to a paper by a fellow of that society, Mr. K. B. Williamson, which was published in the society's<i>Transactions</i>(<b>17</b>:485, 1924). It is entitled "The Use of Gases and Vapors for Killing Mosquitoes Breeding in Wells" and is an account of the work he carried out on this subject during the war. He tested a number of different gases, including chloropicrine and chlorine, and gives a full and illustrated account of his research work. Dr. Mustafa has not yet published details of his method, and it is
Childhood obstructive sleep apnoea: Author's reply
Authors: Suresh Kotagal
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Timing of tracheostomy in adult patients Potential ramifications are alarmingEditor-In their systematic review and meta-analysis Griffiths et al conclude that tracheostomies should be performed earlier in critically ill patients. 1As ear, nose, and throat surgeons we find the potential ramifications quite alarming, primarily as undertaking this major operation is not without potential morbidity in patients who are already systemically unwell. 2 3 These patients are often anaemic and have coagulopathies and sepsis among other comorbidities-points that we thought the authors had not discussed, and factors that have implications for the surgical procedure.In our experience, many patients listed for tracheostomy from intensive care units are extubated or sometimes die while waiting for their procedure; if tracheostomy were performed immediately these patients would be subjected to unnecessary procedures.The postoperative sequelae of tracheostomy are a slow weaning process before patients can be decannulated, followed by potential tracheal stenosis. 4hese patients may be able to leave intensive care earlier, but Griffiths et al do not say how long they then remain inpatients before discharge because of problems with rehabilitation with a tracheostomy tube in situ.Interestingly, although duration of ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were shortened by an earlier tracheostomy, mortality was not altered and inpatient stay was likely to have been lengthened. 5he authors divided timing of tracheostomy into two groups, demarcated by seven days after intubation, making an artificial separation that seems invalid.It would have been more interesting to see whether increasing number of days have a proportional relation to the duration of ventilation and stay in intensive care on a linear scale.We advise great caution in interpreting the findings of Griffiths et al and about its impact on the delivery of the tracheostomy service in hospitals.
Endoscopic ultrasound for ascariasis in common bile duct
Authors: M. Sharma, S. Garg
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Biliary ascariasis is a common problem in tropical countries. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in patients from an area where the condition is endemic and who present with obstructive jaundice. Abdominal ultrasonography, which is the first modality for evaluation of such patients, can allow biliary ascariasis to be diagnosed in 85 % of cases. The characteristic sonographic features of worms in the common bile duct (CBD) are multiple, long, linear, parallel echogenic strips, usually without acoustic shadowing [1]. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show “bull’s-eye” and “eye-glass” appearances of Ascaris in the CBD [2]. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), considered the gold standard for diagnosis of biliary ascariasis, should be reserved for therapeutic rather than diagnostic use as papillotomy can lead to reentry of the worm into the CBD [3]. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is now considered the most sensitive method for evaluation of a dilated CBD [4] and has been reported to demonstrate the presence of biliary ascariasis in one case [5].
Intralesional Methotrexate for Treatment of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Patient Taking Vemurafenib for Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Molly S. Moye, Ashlynne H. Clark, Allison A. Legler, Mohammed M. Milhem, Marta J. Van Beek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)
Effect of Budesonide on the Perception of Induced Airway Narrowing in Subjects with Asthma
Authors: CHERYL M. SALOME, HELEN K. REDDEL, SANDRA I. WARE, ALYSON M. ROBERTS, CHRISTINE R. JENKINS, GUY B. MARKS, ANN J. WOOLCOCK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The perception of bronchoconstriction may be modulated by airway inflammation. However, the effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment on perception in subjects with asthma has received limited study. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inhaled budesonide on the perception of breathlessness induced by histamine challenge. Thirty-five subjects with poorly controlled asthma were randomized to receive budesonide (1,600 or 3,200 microg/d) for 8 wk, followed by 8 wk at 1,600 microg/d and subsequent downtitration according to a clinical algorithm. Borg scores were recorded during histamine challenges performed at baseline and at 8, 16, 24, 48, and 72 wk. Perception was estimated as the slope of Borg/% fall FEV(1). The Borg/FEV(1) slope increased significantly after 8 wk of budesonide (0.09 [0.08-0.12] to 0.15 [0.11-0.19], p = 0.002), and remained increased compared with baseline values at all subsequent visits. There were no significant differences in Borg/ FEV(1) slope between subjects who were and were not taking ICS at study entry. The magnitude of change in the Borg/FEV(1) slope did not differ significantly between treatment groups and was not related to changes in baseline FEV(1), airway hyperresponsiveness, blood eosinophils, or serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). We conclude that treatment with budesonide enhances the perception of airway narrowing, but the effect is unrelated to budesonide dose, or to changes in circulating eosinophil markers.
Planning to work in Canada?
Authors: S. Larsson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Stephan Larsson sets out the hurdles faced by foreign medical graduates who want to work in the Canadian healthcare system 

Canada has traditionally been an attractive place for British and Commonwealth trained doctors to practise. But they need to be aware of the potential difficulties involved and what can be done to overcome them.

Canadians are proud of the comprehensive service which has been developed since the second world war and which covers all citizens and permanent residents. It is free in the sense that patients are not charged for medical consultations or treatment. Although the federal government is responsible for seeing that these ideals are met, each province is responsible for the practical running of the service. The federal government distributes money to the provinces in the form of transfer payments for health and other services, but has sometimes withheld portions of these payments from those provinces whose interpretation of the Medicare acts differs from that of the government.

From the patients' point of view the system works well, with easy access to general practitioners and specialists. General practitioners have less of a gatekeeper role than in Britain and patients are able to shop around for multiple specialist opinions.

There are many Commonwealth trained doctors in Canada. In my department of radiation oncology four out of seven of the oncologists did their specialist training in Britain and two others have British medical degrees though did specialist training in Canada.

A qualification that is accepted in one province may not be acceptable …
Intellectual Changes Associated With Levodopa Therapy
Authors: Manfred J. Meier
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In addition to changes in motor behavior associated with levodopa (L-Dopa) therapy in Parkinson's disease,<sup>1</sup>we have been monitoring the intellectual functioning of these patients by means of the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)<sup>2</sup>and the Porteus maze test.<sup>3</sup> Although previous preliminary investigations<sup>4</sup>did not reveal measurable changes in intellectual functioning after L-Dopa therapy (Boshes B., et al:<i>Trans Amer Neurol Assoc</i><b>94</b>:229, 1969), it seemed appropriate to examine possible intellectual effects of the drug in a larger series of patients. The WAIS and Porteus procedures were administered while the patient was being treated with conventional medication and again after six weeks of L-Dopa therapy. The extension series of the Porteus was utilized in the second testing to reduce practice effects. The WAIS subtest scores were subdivided into factor scores or deviation quotients which were derived from earlier factor analyses of this
Calcific Periarthritis and Hemodialysis
Authors: Khosrow S. Mirahmadi
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Nine patients developed an acute, aseptic, periarthritic inflammation associated with soft tissue calcification during treatment with maintenance hemodialysis. Neither crystals of uric acid nor calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate were identified in the joint or tissue fluid. Probably, calcium hydroxyapatite deposits were responsible for the inflammation. The acute attacks were treated with phenylbutazone with generally good clinical response. Recurrent attacks of periarthritis can often be prevented by maintaining normal levels of serum phosphorus with sufficient quantities of phosphate-binding antiacids and greater frequency of adequate dialysis.
Thomas Clark Chalmers
Authors: Kay Dickersin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Takahiro Akahori, Masayuki Sho, Kaoru Hamada, Yasue Suzaki, Yukiyasu Kuzumoto, Takeo Nomi, Shinji Nakamura, Koji Enomoto, Hiromichi Kanehiro, Yoshiyuki Nakajima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase: From X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Toward Targeted Therapy for B-Cell Malignancies
Authors: Sabine Ponader, Jan A. Burger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Discovery of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) mutations as the cause for X-linked agammaglobulinemia was a milestone in understanding the genetic basis of primary immunodeficiencies. Since then, studies have highlighted the critical role of this enzyme in B-cell development and function, and particularly in B-cell receptor signaling. Because its deletion affects mostly B cells, BTK has become an attractive therapeutic target in autoimmune disorders and B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) is the most advanced BTK inhibitor in clinical testing, with ongoing phase III clinical trials in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle-cell lymphoma. In this article, we discuss key discoveries related to BTK and clinically relevant aspects of BTK inhibitors, and we provide an outlook into clinical development and open questions regarding BTK inhibitor therapy.
Cases and Commentaries
Authors: H. Salter
Journal: BMJ (1870)

CATHERINE DOOLEY, aged 24, but looking -much older, and with a turgid bloated aspect about her face, the eyes being very much puffed and semi-closed, as if from cedema, giving her a Chinese appearance, by occupation a servant, and having worked very hard at her situations, but led a regular and quiet life, was admitted into Charing Cross Hos- pital in November 868.Her father is living; her mother died when she was young, cause unknown.
DNA microarray analysis of natural killer cell-type lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes with purified CD3−CD56+ fractions
Authors: Y L Choi, H Makishima, J Ohashi, Y Yamashita, R Ohki, K Koinuma, J Ota, Y Isobe, F Ishida, K Oshimi, H Mano
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Tokio as Seen by American Physicians.
Authors: D. R. Brower
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Tokio, Japan, Sept. 27, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We are in this far away country and suppose a few observations might interest your numerous readers. Tokio, the present capital of Japan, is an interesting combination of the ancient and the modern; its foundations were laid before Columbus discovered America, and it was a great city in the beginning of the 17th century. Its population to-day is about two million. Some of its streets are as broad, as well paved and lighted as the boulevards of Chicago, and others as narrow and dark as in medieval days; tall brick and stone buildings that would do credit to any western capital have thatched roofs of a thousand years ago. The new Japan of to-day is a marvel; our own Commodore Perry held the magic wand that gave her the awakening, and her rapid strides to a higher civilization is the wonder of
Abstract B21: Resistance to B-RAF inhibitor is mediated by reactivation of MAPK pathway by FGFR3/Ras signaling in B-RAF V600E mutant melanoma
Authors: Vipin Yadav, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangang Liu, Shawn Estrem, Shuyu Dan Li, Xue-Qian Gong, Sean Buchanan, James R. Henry, James J. Starling, Sheng-Bin Peng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. The RAF/MEK/ERK MAP kinase signaling plays a key role in melanoma progression and etiology, and is considered an important target for anti-melanoma therapies. Approximately 50% of melanomas carry an activating B-RAF V600E mutation that results in constitutive activation of B-RAF and downstream MAPK signaling. Recently, vemurafenib (PLX4032), a selective B-RAF inhibitor, was recently approved by U.S. FDA for treatment of metastatic and unresectable melanomas that carry an activating B-RAF V600E mutation. However, patients eventually developed resistance to vemurafenib and relapsed within an average of 7 months. To improve the clinical benefit of B-RAF inhibitors, it is critical to identify the molecular mechanisms that confer resistance to B-RAF inhibition. Recent reports indicate that multiple mechanisms may render mutant B-RAF expressing melanoma cells resistant to B-RAF inhibition. In this study, we generated vemurafenib-resistant cell lines by chronic treatment of the human B-RAF V600E melanoma cell lines, and investigated the underlying mechanism(s) of resistance. Our analysis revealed that MAPK pathway reactivation through Ras is the key resistance mechanism in these cells. Furthermore, microarray-based gene expression profiling confirmed a significant elevation of RTK and Ras gene signatures in the vemurafenib-resistant cells. Mechanistically, we found that the enhanced activation of FGFR3 is linked to elevated Ras and MAPK activation in the resistant cells, therefore conferring resistance to vemurafenib. Constitutive or inducible activation of FGFR3 sufficiently reactivated Ras/MAPK signaling and conferred resistance to vemurafenib in the parental B-RAF V600E melanoma cells. Additionally, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the FGFR3/Ras axis restored the sensitivity of the resistant cells to vemurafenib. Finally, we demonstrated that vemurafenib-resistant cells are sensitive to MEK or pan-RAF inhibition and maintain their addiction to the MAPK pathway. Therefore, inhibition of MEK or pan-RAF activities is an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome acquired-resistance to vemurafenib. Together, we describe a novel FGFR3/Ras mediated mechanism for acquired-resistance to B-RAF inhibition. Our results shed new light on the complexity of the resistance mechanisms and have implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of patients with B-RAF V600E melanoma.
Diazepam and Drug-Associated Deaths
Authors: Bryan S. Finkle
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This study describes a population of deceased persons in which death was generally caused by ingestion of numerous drugs, of which diazepam was only one agent. This drug occurred with high frequency relative to the total case load at each site, but its toxicological importance was often of a low order, and its role in the fatal cases was judged as minimal.