tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives
Authors: M. Hannuksela, T. Haahtela
Journal: Allergy (1987)

Only seldom have food additives been shown to cause true allergic (immunological) reactions. Adverse effects due to various pharmacological or other mechanisms are much more common. The individual tolerance may be decreased for one reason or another, and may fluctuate from time to time. Many patients suffering from food additive reactions have atopic constitutions and such clinical symptoms as flexural dermatitis, rhinitis and asthma. The most important skin symptoms caused by food additives are urticaria, angioneurotic edema, and contact urticaria. Azo dyes, benzoic acid and several other common food additives may aggravate or, more rarely, even cause urticaria. Spices are one of the most common causes of immunological contact urticaria. Non‐immunological contact urticaria is produced by numerous spices, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid, and many essential oils. Asthma and rhinitis are the main hypersensitivity symptoms in the respiratory tract, and azo dyes, benzoic acid, and sulfitic food additives are the most common causative agents. Systemic and respiratory reactions to food colorants and benzoates have been claimed to occur more frequently in acetylsalicylic acid‐ (ASA‐)sensitive patients than in non‐reactors. Hypersensitivity reactions in organs other than the skin and respiratory tract are rare or poorly documented. Psychological factors play an essential role in both food and food additive reactions.
To Do No Harm: A Journey Through Medical School
Authors: Rebecca M. Wurtz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Everyone who goes to medical school could write a book about it. Fortunately not everyone does. Few would be as well written and engrossing as Dr Philip Reilly's account of his four years at Yale. Dr Reilly's journey is not unlike anyone's medical school experience. In fact, it is probably so compelling because all physicians have experienced and remember the same primary experiences in our medical school educations: anatomy laboratory, the first time we see someone die, and the first time someone says "Doctor!" and we turn around. No doubt, Reilly's experiences are so vivid because he recorded them daily, even carrying a pocket dictaphone to the hospital to capture his immediate impressions of his nights on call. Part of the value of Reilly's book is its naivety, its rendering of the experience just as it unfolded, not colored by the more sophisticated palette of the physician reviewing his medical
Clinical outcome of sequential chemotherapy in metastatic and/or recurrent gastric cancer
Authors: Y. Moon, S. Rha, H. Jeung, S. Shin, N. Yoo, J. Roh, S. Noh, H. Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15521 Background: Little is known about data on subsequent chemotherapy (CTx) following 1 st -line CTx in stage IV gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the natural history of stage IV gastric cancer with sequential CTx Methods: A total of 532 patients (pts) with unresectable gastric adenocarcinoma were studied. They were managed with a strategy of maximal administration of CTx only if pts’ general conditions were allowed. Response evaluation was performed by RECIST every 2 cycles. Response of unmeasurable lesions was dichotomized only into stable disease or progressive disease. Results: When pts were divided into CTx group (460 of 532, 87%) and best supportive care group (BSC; 72 of 532, 13%) resulting from poor performance/pt's refusal/comorbidity (31/23/18), the former had younger age (p = 0.046), better performance (p &lt; 0.001), and less advanced metastatic sites (p = 0.001) than the latter. Median overall survivals from diagnosis of unresectable cancer were 12.0/13.3/2.5 months for overall/CTx/BSC, respectively. 87%/47%/23% of the whole pts received 1 st /2 nd /3 rd -line CTx, respectively. Median number of regimens delivered was 2. Maximally 5 th -line CTx was given to 15 pts (3%). Response and disease control rates were 21.7%/12.5%/11.8% and 79.4%/56.3%/49.4% for 1 st /2 nd /3 rd lines, respectively. Median progression-free and overall survivals from CTx were 5.5/3.4/2.5 months and 12.1/7.9/5.5 months for 1 st /2 nd /3 rd lines, respectively. The most common cause of discontinuation of CTx was disease progression (68%/74%/70%) followed by pt's refusal (22%/13%/12%) for 1 st /2 nd /3 rd lines, respectively. Prognosticators were performance status, histology, metastatic site, and CTx before 1 st or 2 nd line. Conclusions: When pts with unresectable gastric cancer were managed with a strategy of maximal administration of CTx, a considerable number of pts could receive 2 nd or 3 rd line CTx, showing modest activity. Performance status and metastatic site were consistent prognosticators even if lines changed. Our data on the natural history of stage IV gastric cancer with sequential CTx may suggest that clinical trials can be performed in a 2 nd or 3 rd line setting as well. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A multicentre analysis of catheter-related infection based on a hierarchical model
Authors: J. F. Timsit, F. L‘Hériteau, A. Lepape, A. Francais, S. Ruckly, A. G. Venier, P. Jarno, S. Boussat, B. Coignard, A. Savey
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
THE SO-CALLED MIXED STATES AND ATYPICAL FORMS OF MANIC-DEPRESSIVE INSANITY
Authors: H. DOUGLAS SINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1915)

(1) The essence of the manic-depressive reactions is the occurrence of some appropriate affective attitude of the organism as a whole which is of purposeful character, abnormal because of its severity and duration and because there is no apparent external cause for its adoption. (2) The so-called mixed states and atypical forms are not mixtures simply of certain traits but represent affective oscillations colored by peculiarities in the make-up of the individual patient. Such modes of adjustment must be carefully studied and weighed in rendering a prognosis in any individual case.
Abstract 5707: The EPR effects of Elastin-like polypeptide of differnt molecular sizes in animal tumor models
Authors: Jung Su Ryu, Drazen Raucher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) biopolymers are thermally responsive macromolecular carriers that are soluble in aqueous solution at physiological temperature (37° C), but aggregate when the temperature is raised above its transition temperature (Tt, 42° C). We have developed this carrier system for the delivery of anticancer therapeutic peptides and small molecule drugs, which has the potential to be targeted to the tumor site by applying local hyperthermia. Molecular size is one of the key determinants of trans-vascular transport of therapeutic agents in tumors as it affects not only the retention in the tumor but also the transition temperature of the macromolecule. As an effort to develop the optimal ELP carrier system, three Bac-ELP macromolecular drug carriers with a clinically relevant range of molecular weights (35, 60 and 120kD) were designed. The three sizes of ELP were initially synthesized and modified by the addition of the cell-penetrating peptide Bac on the N-terminus. In order to measure enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects of the three sizes of conjugates, we compared the distribution of conjugates in tumors of animals and their pharmacokinetics in the three fluorescently-labeled Bac-ELP constructs. First, we confirmed that the transition temperature of all 3 constructs fall between the ideal concentration ranges of 10 - 40 μM. In distribution studies with tumor-bearing mice, three peptides showed increased uptake in tumors during the initial 8 hours after local hyperthermia was applied, but the elimination patterns from the tumors differed according to size over a 3 day period. Local hyperthermia was found to produce a more prolonged retention of ELP conjugates in tumors except in the 35 kD Bac-ELP (Bac-E80), which was the smallest construct tested. In addition, the pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the two larger polypeptides have long half-lives and increased AUC in comparison with Bac-E80. From all these results, we suggest that the larger ELP conjugates (60 and 120kD) have advantages over 35kD of Bac-E80 in terms of enhanced permeability and retention effects when combined with local hyperthermia. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5707. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5707
DEATHS OF M. ALLEN STARR AND JOSEPH FRANCIS BABINSKI
Authors: Smith Ely Jelliffe
Journal: JAMA (1933)

To the Editor:  —Neurologic science has lost two outstanding figures this past fall—one in the death of M. Allen Starr of New York, at the age of 78, and the other of Joseph Francis Babinski of Paris, at the age of 75. They were contemporaries and occupied in their respective countries analogous positions of eminence and renown. Dr. Starr, it is true, had ceased to be neurologically active now for some years, as he became professor emeritus in 1915; but Babanski kept up his clinical work until comparatively recent years, when an advancing parkinsonism made it uncomfortable to go on.  Starr and Babinski had something in common in their masterly skill at case presentation. They were both marvelous teachers. Babinski was the greater neurologist. This constitutes no derogation of Starr, since one might state Babinski was in a class all by himself, not only as brilliant a teacher as was
Culture, Religion and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society: A Handbook for Health Professionals
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Judith Schott, Alix Henley Butterworth-Heinemann, £19.99, pp 384 ISBN 0 7506 2050 1

“At a hospital that recorded Roman Catholics as RC and Protestants as P, and in the days when student nurses served meals, a ward sister challenged a student nurse about the way she was giving out breakfasts. She replied, ‘I look at their notes. If they are P I give them porridge and the RCs get rice crispies.’”

This is one of many apocryphal stories of cultural and religious insensitivity in maternity care described in Culture, Religion and Childbearing in a Multiracial Society, a new book by freelance writers Judith Schott …
Annular Constriction of the Penis—The Tourniquet Syndrome
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Annular constriction of the penis in both men and boys is seen periodically by the physician.<sup>1-3</sup>The constricting bands are placed on the penis for a variety of reasons, and the objects are many and varied, eg, ribbons, string, hair, rings, metal and plastic washers, rubber bands, metal nuts, and bottles. Patients come to the physician because they are unable to remove the object, because of the injury to the penis itself, or both. Serious injury including gangrene of the penis is usually the result of prolonged constriction. The following case history illustrates the use of more modern and commercialized constricting devices and the clinical problems associated with their use. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> One Thursday afternoon in March 1978, a 24-year-old unmarried man came to the Skin Clinic of the Boston Dispensary complaining that when he woke up that morning, his penis and scrotum were
A Scientist's Dilemma
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1975)

"Ruminations" by Robert Moser, MD, (<i>JAMA</i>233:452-454, 1975) and the COMMENTARY from Dr Vianna in this issue ofThe Journal(p 1133) illustrate a problem that confronts all scientists who conduct research. How can a scientist report observations and speculate about their significance without having the lay press misinterpret those findings and speculations to the detriment of the public and the investigator? Dr Moser deplored the consequences of implying that Hodgkin disease might be an infection, which placed a risk of contagion on those who had a prolonged and intimate contact with its victims. If the tentative hypothesis put forward by Dr Vianna, that Hodgkin disease is an infection, ultimately proves untenable, then lay-press coverage of Dr Vianna's work will be a gross disservice and will have caused much unnecessary anguish. Dr Vianna and his associates, however, have a clear responsibility to report their findings in medical journals and to
Abstract 5481: Therapy of human LN229 glioblastoma growing in the brain of nude mice by Macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor A and B antagonist, combined with Temozolomide.
Authors: Sun Jin Kim, Seung Wook Kim, Hyun Jin Choi, Ho Jeong Lee, Francois Lehembre, Junqin He, Urs Regenass, Charles A Conrad, W.K. Yung, Isaiah J. Fidler
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: We determined whether the blockade of endothelin receptor pathways can reverse the chemoprotection mediated by astrocytes and produce therapy of Human LN 229 Glioblastoma cells growing in the brain of nude mice treated with the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, Macitentan and Temozolomide (TMZ). Materials and Methods: In the first set of experiments, murine astrocytes were cultured with tumor cells in the presence or absence of Macitentan and TMZ. For therapy studies the leuciferas labeled LN229 cells were implanted (stereotactically) into the brains of nude mice. The mice were ear tagged and imaged by IVIS spectrometer at multiple times. On day 24 the mice were randomized to receive vehicle, TMZ (p.o., 7.5mg/kg, one week on and two weeks off), Macitentan (p.o., 10mg/kg, daily) and Macitentan plus TMZ. Survival of mice was compared by Kaplan-Meyer curve (log-rank test) and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out for multiple markers. Results: Simultaneous blocking of endothelin receptor A and B pathways reversed the in culture protection induced by astrocytes against TMZ (p&amp;lt;0.05). Therapy with Macitentan and TMZ significantly prolonged the survival of mice (p&amp;lt;0.0001) .The blockade of endothelin receptor A and B significantly decreased the level of expression of phosphorylated AKT and MAPK, and down-regulated the expression of BCL2L1, TWIST1 and GSTA5 in LN 229 cells growing in the brain. Proliferation of tumor cells and tumor-associated endothelial cells was significantly decreased. Moreover the apoptosis of LN229 cells was significantly increased in the brain of the combination treatment group. Conclusion: Blockade of endothelin receptor A and B pathways by Macitentan combined with TMZ provides a new approach for the treatment of patients with Glioblastoma. Citation Format: Sun Jin Kim, Seung Wook Kim, Hyun Jin Choi, Ho Jeong Lee, Francois Lehembre, Junqin He, Urs Regenass, Charles A Conrad, W.K. Yung, Isaiah J. Fidler. Therapy of human LN229 glioblastoma growing in the brain of nude mice by Macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor A and B antagonist, combined with Temozolomide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5481. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5481
Adenosine Receptor Blockade Reduces Splanchnic Hyperemia in Cirrhotic Rats
Authors: Samuel S. Lee, Lisa E. Chilton, Jung-Min Pak
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To explore a possible role for adenosine in the pathogenesis of the splanchnic hyperemia of cirrhosis, we administered 8-phenyltheophylline, a specific adenosine receptor antagonist, to rats with biliary cirrhosis caused by bile duct ligation and to control sham-operated rats. Micro-Doppler flow studies showed that a 10-mumol/kg dose of 8-phenyltheophylline completely abolished the superior mesenteric hyperemic response to infusions of exogenous adenosine in both cirrhotic and control rats. Analysis of regional blood flows by radioactive microspheres demonstrated that this dose of 8-phenyltheophylline in cirrhotic rats significantly increased portal tributary vascular resistance by 60% and decreased portal tributary blood flow by 26%. This decrease was entirely the result of a 42% reduction in the intestinal blood flow. 8-phenyltheophylline did not affect cardiac output, arterial pressure or any other extrasplanchnic hemodynamic variables in cirrhotic rats. No detectable effect of 8-phenyltheophylline was seen in sham-operated rats. These results suggest that adenosine may be involved in the genesis of splanchnic hyperemia in cirrhotic rats.
AMA/NET made available to Japanese physicians
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

One hundred Japanese physicians and hospitals are just about to take part in the first extensive international field test of AMA/NET data bases. James H. Sammons, MD, executive vice-president of the American Medical Association, recently signed an agreement in Chicago to implement the exploratory usage with Yoshio Taniguchi, managing director of Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan's largest trading company. The Tokyo-based conglomerate, through its subsidiary AMS Corporation, will evaluate the market potential in Japan of this computerized telecommunication service of the AMA and GTE Telenet Medical Information Network. The projected year-long link-up is designed to discover whether Japanese physicians, most of whom have, according to an AMA official, "a textbook knowledge" of English, can use the language well enough to benefit from AMA/NET's six medical information data bases. The data bases provide the latest intelligence on Drug Evaluations, Drug Therapy, Disease Information, Socio/Economic Bibliographic Information, EMPIRES Clinical Literature Information, and Medical
Vitamins E and C and Medical Record-Confirmed Age-related Macular Degeneration in a Randomized Trial of Male Physicians
Authors: William G. Christen, Robert J. Glynn, Howard D. Sesso, Tobias Kurth, Jean MacFadyen, Vadim Bubes, Julie E. Buring, JoAnn E. Manson, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Recovery From Cults: Help for Victims of Psychological and Spiritual Abuse
Authors: Edwin R. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The contemporary meanings and usages of cultism range widely, depending on the assumptions and stance of the user. For scholars and social scientists of religion, the term is employed dispassionately—to denote what may be either an end point or a path through secthood to the status of local or even worldwide religion. Hence, all of today's great faiths and recognized denominations were once cults and sects; so that, in an important sense, we address one aspect of the complex interface between medicine/psychiatry and religion itself.1-4  Cultic phenomena, in the inclusive (religious, political, commercial, and psychotherapeutic) sense in which this volume conceives of them, are therefore nothing new or recent. A constant feature of world history, such activity has tended to wax in eras of cultural transition or dislocation. Despite broad variations among cults and their effects on society and individuals, current public and clinical attitudes toward them are mostly
Some Present Problems in Understanding Psychiatry.
Authors: Leston L. Havens
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Some Present Problems in Understanding Psychiatry.Leston L. Havens, M.D.Leston L. Havens, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1066_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe contemporary physician who is not a psychiatric specialist tends to regard psychiatry from four points of interest. Medicine's concern with the body excites special respect for anyphysicalunderstanding of mental disease, the need tomanagepatients in practice highlights psychiatric contributions to that purpose,psychosomaticobservations provide a natural bridge between the specialties, and psychiatricdiagnoses or appraisalsare necessary for dispositional purposes and sometimes in the recognition of suicidal risks. Any one of these four topics could therefore be the starting point for a presentation of aspects of contemporary psychiatry to physicians. However, because the problems of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1066-1067 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Long-Term Outcomes of Inoperable Patients With Aortic Stenosis Randomly Assigned to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement or Standard Therapy
Authors: Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Raj R. Makkar, Lars G. Svensson, Shikhar Agarwal, Susheel Kodali, Gregory P. Fontana, John G. Webb, Michael Mack, Vinod H. Thourani, Vasilis C. Babaliaros, Howard C. Herrmann, Wilson Szeto, Augusto D. Pichard, Mathew R. Williams, William N. Anderson, Jodi J. Akin, D. Craig Miller, Craig R. Smith, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— The long-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis remain unknown. Methods and Results— In the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) study, 358 patients were randomly assigned to TAVR or standard therapy. We report the 3-year outcomes on these patients, and the pooled outcomes for all randomly assigned inoperable patients (n=449) in PARTNER, as well, including the randomized portion of the continued access study (n=91). The 3-year mortality rate in the TAVR and standard therapy groups was 54.1% and 80.9%, respectively ( P &lt;0.001; hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.68; P &lt;0.001). In survivors, there was significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class sustained at 3 years. The cumulative incidence of strokes at 3-year follow-up was 15.7% in TAVR patients versus 5.5% in patients undergoing standard therapy (hazard ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–6.26; P =0.012); however, the composite of death or strokes was significantly lower after TAVR versus standard therapy (57.4% versus 80.9%, P &lt;0.001; hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.77; P &lt;0.001). Echocardiography showed a sustained increase in aortic valve area and decrease in transvalvular gradient after TAVR. Analysis of the 449 pooled randomly assigned patients (TAVR, n=220; standard therapy, n=229) demonstrated significant improvement in all-cause mortality and functional status during early and 3-year follow-up. The results of the pooled cohort were similar to the results obtained from the pivotal PARTNER trial. Conclusions— TAVR resulted in better survival and functional status in inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis with durable hemodynamic benefit on long-term follow-up. However, high residual mortality, even in successfully treated TAVR patients, highlights the need for more strategic patient selection. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00530894.
Thrombocytopenia in Four Newborn Siblings
Authors: Vitale H. Paganelli
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  This letter reports platelet-isoantigen antibody reaction with its attendant production of thrombocytopenia in the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth siblings born to a single set of parents. The first and second siblings were attended by another physician and the condition of these infants at birth is unknown.  Technical details, and a thorough review are supplied by Shulman et al, 1 and the present experience emphasizes the possibility of recurrence of the phenomenon within a family.  Report of Cases:—  The mother of the infants was seen for the first time as a gravida 3, para 2, with a normal intrauterine gestation of approximately 4 1/2 months' duration. Her previous obstetrical, medical, and surgical history was not remarkable save for the history of kidney infection. Her previous two pregnancies, labors, and deliveries were normal and had resulted in children whose growth and development were likewise unremarkable.  Following an uneventful