tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sentinel-Node Biopsy in Melanoma
Authors: Charles M. Balch, Natale Cascinelli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In this issue of the Journal, Morton and colleagues report the largest and most important trial of sentinel-lymph-node biopsy for melanoma conducted to date.1 In the trial, 1269 patients with intermediate-thickness (1.2 to 3.5 mm) melanoma were randomly assigned to immediate sentinel-node biopsy or to observation for clinically detectable (palpable) lymph nodes draining the site of the melanoma. If the biopsy showed microscopical metastases, patients underwent immediate radical lymphadenectomy. In the observation group, lymphadenectomy was performed only after palpable lymph nodes were detected. The trial clearly demonstrates that sentinel-node biopsy provides important prognostic information and identifies patients with nodal metastases . . .
DOT1L inhibits SIRT1-mediated epigenetic silencing to maintain leukemic gene expression in MLL-rearranged leukemia
Authors: Chun-Wei Chen, Richard P Koche, Amit U Sinha, Aniruddha J Deshpande, Nan Zhu, Rowena Eng, John G Doench, Haiming Xu, Scott H Chu, Jun Qi, Xi Wang, Christopher Delaney, Kathrin M Bernt, David E Root, William C Hahn, James E Bradner, Scott A Armstrong
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Seasonal variation in scabies
Authors: A.M.R. Downs
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, The article on scabies epidemiology by Mimouni et al.1 is an incomplete account of the literature on the subject. Besides the two studies cited in this article, five other studies have documented an increased incidence in the winter in comparison with the summer.2–6 All these studies covered large sample sizes and collected data over many years. One was even on the same Israeli military population used in this article.3 Our article on the epidemiology of scabies in a U.K. population plotted specific consultation rates between 1967 and 1994.2 A higher incidence for scabies in the winter compared with the summer was seen in the 0–4, 5–15 and 15–44 years age groups, but not in older age groups. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates in the U.K. mirrored general practice rates between 1971 and 1983 (time frame of only available STD data). There is little evidence other than coincidence to support the hypothesis that sexual promiscuity has anything to do with scabies transmission.
WNK4 Enhances the Degradation of NCC through a Sortilin-Mediated Lysosomal Pathway
Authors: Bo Zhou, Jieqiu Zhuang, Dingying Gu, Hua Wang, Liudmila Cebotaru, William B. Guggino, Hui Cai
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

WNK kinase is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in electrolyte homeostasis. WNK4 significantly inhibits the surface expression of the sodium chloride co-transporter (NCC) by enhancing the degradation of NCC through a lysosomal pathway, but the mechanisms underlying this trafficking are unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of the lysosomal targeting receptor sortilin on NCC expression and degradation. In Cos-7 cells, we observed that the presence of WNK4 reduced the steady-state amount of NCC by approximately half. Co-transfection with truncated sortilin (a dominant negative mutant) prevented this WNK4-induced reduction in NCC. NCC immunoprecipitated with both wild-type sortilin and, to a lesser extent, truncated sortilin. Immunostaining revealed that WNK4 increased the co-localization of NCC with the lysosomal marker cathepsin D, and NCC co-localized with wild-type sortilin, truncated sortilin, and WNK4 in the perinuclear region. These findings suggest that WNK4 promotes NCC targeting to the lysosome for degradation via a mechanism involving sortilin.
Antidepressant Drug Effects and Depression Severity
Authors: Jay C. Fournier, Robert J. DeRubeis, Steven D. Hollon, Sona Dimidjian, Jay D. Amsterdam, Richard C. Shelton, Jan Fawcett
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Antidepressant medications represent the best established treatment for major depressive disorder, but there is little evidence that they have a specific pharmacological effect relative to pill placebo for patients with less severe depression.
Permeability of the small intestine to substances of different molecular weight
Authors: C. A. Loehry, A. T. R. Axon, P. J. Hilton, R. C. Hider, B. Creamer
Journal: Gut (1970)

The permeability of the rabbit small intestine has been studied by measuring the plasma clearances of water-soluble molecules over the molecular weight range 60-33,000. An inverse relationship has been demonstrated between permeability and molecular weight. The significance of these findings in relation to current concepts of the ;pore hypotheses' is discussed, and the possible physiological and pathological implications are considered.
697 AN OPEN-LABEL, COMPARATIVE, MULTICENTRE STUDY OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (40KD) PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS CHRONICALLY INFECTED WITH HCV/HBV OR HCV ALONE
Authors: C.-J. Liu, W.-L. Chuang, C.-M. Lee, S.-S. Wu, L.-Y. Liao, H.-T. Kuo, Y.-C. Chao, C.-L. Chen, P.-J. Chen, D.-S. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis–Interstitial Lung Disease Is Enhanced by Serum Biomarkers
Authors: Tracy J. Doyle, Avignat S. Patel, Hiroto Hatabu, Mizuki Nishino, Guodong Wu, Juan C. Osorio, Maria F. Golzarri, Andres Traslosheros, Sarah G. Chu, Michelle L. Frits, Christine K. Iannaccone, Diane Koontz, Carl Fuhrman, Michael E. Weinblatt, Souheil Y. El-Chemaly, George R. Washko, Gary M. Hunninghake, Augustine M. K. Choi, Paul F. Dellaripa, Chester V. Oddis, Nancy A. Shadick, Dana P. Ascherman, Ivan O. Rosas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is highly prevalent, yet RA-ILD is underrecognized.To identify clinical risk factors, autoantibodies, and biomarkers associated with the presence of RA-ILD.Subjects enrolled in Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) cohorts were evaluated for ILD. Regression models were used to assess the association between variables of interest and RA-ILD. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated in BRASS to determine if a combination of clinical risk factors and autoantibodies can identify RA-ILD and if the addition of investigational biomarkers is informative. This combinatorial signature was subsequently tested in ACR.A total of 113 BRASS subjects with clinically indicated chest computed tomography scans (41% with a spectrum of clinically evident and subclinical RA-ILD) and 76 ACR subjects with research or clinical scans (51% with a spectrum of RA-ILD) were selected. A combination of age, sex, smoking, rheumatoid factor, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies was strongly associated with RA-ILD (areas under the curve, 0.88 for BRASS and 0.89 for ACR). Importantly, a combinatorial signature including matrix metalloproteinase 7, pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, and surfactant protein D significantly increased the areas under the curve to 0.97 (P = 0.002, BRASS) and 1.00 (P = 0.016, ACR). Similar trends were seen for both clinically evident and subclinical RA-ILD.Clinical risk factors and autoantibodies are strongly associated with the presence of clinically evident and subclinical RA-ILD on computed tomography scan in two independent RA cohorts. A biomarker signature composed of matrix metalloproteinase 7, pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, and surfactant protein D significantly strengthens this association. These findings may facilitate identification of RA-ILD at an earlier stage, potentially leading to decreased morbidity and mortality.
Ultrastructure of Bone and Joint Diseases
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This treatise, consisting mostly of electron micrographs, begins with a brief description of normal musculoskeletal ultrastructure. The authors then present micrographs, at times accompanied by gross photographs and light micrographs, of no less than 44 disease entities. As stated in the foreword, this is probably the first book to describe so many subjects at the level of electron microscopy. Therein lie its strengths and weaknesses. The authors deserve congratulations for their attempt to extend musculoskeletal pathology to the ultrastructural level, a much needed endeavor. The value of a superficial coverage, with only brief descriptions of the micrographs and lack of extensive clinical, roentgenographic, light microscopic, and biochemical correlations, remains debatable. In many instances, the more or less isolated presentation of a few electron micrographs fails to add much to a comprehensive understanding of a disease entity.  Some electron micrographs are of good quality, but others leave much to be desired.
The Danger of Amphetamine Dependency
Authors: FREDERICK LEMERE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

The repeated use of amphetamines, either through legitimate prescription or illegitimate "thrill-seeking," creates a grave risk of psychiatric complications, including irreversible damage to the brain. The author draws upon the experience of the Japanese with amphetamine dependency following World War II and upon case histories among his own patients to reemphasize the extreme caution which should accompany the prescription and use of these drugs.
Publicising patient participation groups.
Authors: J Petrie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

General practitiooers are often asked for medical certificates (housing lines) by applicants for council bousing who claim to have medical problems requiring housing priority. The results of a survey by questionnaire snowed that general practitioners in Edinburgh do not know how the housing system works and that they seem to overestimate their patients' chances of obtaining suitable council bousing. General practitioners need to know now the housing system works, and communication between general practitioners and housing departments should be improved. A comparison was also made between the number of medical points awarded by a community medicine specialist and a group of general practitioners who had written housing lines for their patients. The general practitioners tended to award more points than the specialist. Social priority for housing should be recog? nised as an independent factor and a new category of top social priority added. Introduction Using the World Health Organisation's definition of ill health, anyone who lives in bad housing is thereby in a state of ill health. Gray and Yarnell have outlined three elements of inadequate housing: physical structure (dilapidation), socioeconomic factors, and overcrowding (defined by statute).' Applicants for council housing or tenants who live in inadequate housing may turn to their general practitioners for medical certificates (housing lines) to help them to change to other housing. Certificates are given to patients who claim medical priority to obtain a council house or to transfer from one council house to another. In Edinburgh the information on housing lines is assessed by a community medicine specialist, who awards medical points from 0 to 20 and a top medical priority over this. This paper r?pons on a study of the level of knowledge of general practitioners in Edinburgh about the council housing system and what they think of it. A comparison was also made of how patients' problems were assessed by the community medicine specialist and by general practitioners.
Intrapulmonary teratoma 10 years after removal of a mediastinal teratoma in a young man.
Authors: H W Prauer, D Mack, R Babic
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Teratoma is a common tumour of the mediastinum but is rarely found in the lung.The twentieth reported case was published in 1975 by Day and Taylor and four cases have been published since.'-5A rare condition, not previously
Aortic stiffness is increased in polymyalgia rheumatica and improves after steroid treatment
Authors: Giuseppe Schillaci, Elena Bartoloni, Giacomo Pucci, Matteo Pirro, Laura Settimi, Alessia Alunno, Roberto Gerli, Elmo Mannarino
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Inflammatory rheumatic diseases have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and arterial stiffness. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a disease which affects primarily older people, is characterised by a systemic inflammatory response but little is known about aortic involvement in PMR. A study was undertaken to investigate whether aortic stiffness is increased in PMR and whether it improves after steroid treatment.Thirty-nine patients with PMR (age 72 ± 8 years, 44% men, blood pressure (BP) 134/75 ± 16/9 mm Hg) and 39 age-, sex- and BP-matched control subjects underwent aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) determination. Aortic augmentation as a measure of the impact of the reflection wave on central haemodynamics was also measured and corrected for heart rate. Twenty-nine of the patients were re-examined after 4 weeks of treatment with prednisone at a dose of 15 mg/day.Aortic PWV was higher in patients with PMR than in control subjects (12.4 ± 4 vs 10.2 ± 2 m/s, p<0.01). Treatment was followed by a reduction in heart rate (from 78 ± 12 to 70 ± 10 beats/min, p<0.001) and no significant change in BP. Aortic PWV decreased after prednisone treatment (from 11.8 ± 3 to 10.5 ± 3 m/s, p=0.015), and the difference was independent of BP and heart rate changes. The change in aortic PWV had a direct correlation with percentage change in plasma C reactive protein (r=0.40, p=0.037). Treatment was also associated with a significant reduction in aortic augmentation index (from 34 ± 7% to 29 ± 8%, p=0.012).Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with increased aortic stiffness which may improve upon reduction of systemic inflammation induced by treatment with glucocorticoids.
Interaction of phenytoin and primidone.
Authors: E H Reynolds, G Fenton, P Fenwick, A L Johnson, M Laundy
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The ratio of derived phenobarbitone to unmetabolized primidone in the serum was significantly higher in 50 epileptic patients on a combination of primidone and phenytoin than in 12 patients on primidone alone, though the dose and serum levels of primidone were similar in the two groups. Out of 253 patients attending a seizure clinic 47% were taking a combination of these two anticonvulsants. The effect of phenytoin on the metabolism of primidone may have clinical implications in view of the frequency of their combined use.
Statins and Regression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Vasilios G. Athyros, Anna Kakafika, Asterios Karagiannis, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Gallium Uptake in the Thyroid Gland in Amiodarone-lnduced Hyperthyroidism
Authors: MICHAEL C.C. LING, MICHAEL D. DAKE, MICHAEL D. OKERLUND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Amiodarone is an iodinated antiarrhythmic agent that is effective in the treatment of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. A number of side effects are seen, including pulmonary loxicity and thyroid dysfunction. A patient with both amiodarone-induced pneumonilis and hyperthy roidism who exhibited abnormal gallium activity in the lungs, as well as diffuse gallium uptake in the thyroid gland is presented. The latter has not been previously reported and supports the concept of iodide-induced “thyroiditis” with gallium uptake reflecting the inflammatory response.
The similarity of changes in segmental contraction patterns induced by postextrasystolic potentiation and nitroglycerin.
Authors: S C Klausner, R A Ratshin, J V Tyberg, H A Lappin, K Chatterjee, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Despite a fundamental difference in their underlying mechanisms, both postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) and administration of nitroglycerin (TNG) have been utilized to predict reversibility of abnormal segmental wall motion in patients with ischemic heart disease. To determine whether these interventions induce the same changes in segmental contraction pattern, we analyzed biplane ventriculograms of 14 patients who had an adequately visualized PESP beat on a basal ventriculogram as well as a post-TNG ventriculogram. Four segments in each plane were defined and the area ejection fraction of each segment was calculated for a basal sinus, PESP, and post-TNG beat. To correct for global differences in the response to PESP and TNG, we normalized each segmental ejection fraction (NSEF) by the ventricular ejection fraction for that beat and then compared the differences in NSEF from the basal value after PESP and TNG. Eleven patients demonstrated similar responses to both interventions. The three patients whose responses were discordant had elevated or unchanged left ventricular systolic or end-diastolic pressures at the time of the TNG ventriculogram. Our data suggest that, provided these pressures are lower than basal values at the time of the TNG ventriculogram, PESP and TNG will induce similar changes in segmental contraction patterns. Seven patients with similar responses had a PESP beat on their post-TNG ventriculogram. Changes in NSEF after PESP+TNG were identical to those after either intervention. This implies that the combination of interventions does not induce further changes in segmental contraction pattern beyond that produced by either intervention alone.
SENSITIZATION BY ROUTINE PATCH TESTING WITH ETHER EXTRACT OF PRIMULA OBCONICA
Authors: CUN AGRUP, S. FREGERT, H. ROBSMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— 131 patients with hand dermatitis, 153 men and 278 women, were patch tested with an ether extract of Primula obconica. Four men and 16 women were found to be allergic, Primula obconica was considered to be the cause of the present dermatitis in 4 patients and 2 of these were not aware of their allergy. Retesting with primula extract was performed in 234 persons, 76 men and 158 women, 6, 18 months after the first testing. All 12 patients who were allergic at the first testing still showed positive reactions at the second testing. In addition 23, i.e., 10°o of the patients had now become sensitized. Thus, routine testing for primula allergy is of limited clinical value in hand dermatitis and involves a great risk of test sensitization.
Effects of ischemia on rat myocardial function and metabolism in diabetes.
Authors: D Feuvray, J A Idell-Wenger, J R Neely
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The function and metabolism of hearts removed from diabetic rats and subsequently .perfused in vitro were investigated.Diabetic hearts perfused under aerobic conditions had higher tissue levels of total CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA, lower levels of total camitine, but higher levels of long-chain acyl camitine esters, and used glucose at slower rates than did normal hearts.At low levels of cardiac work, mechanical function of the diabetic hearts was not significantly different than normal hearts for perfusion periods of up to 65 minutes.A mild form of whole heart ischemia (i.e., a 50% reduction in coronary flow) was tolerated just as well by hearts from diabetic rats as by those from normal rats.This degree of ischemia accelerated glucose use in normal but not in diabetic hearts.Mild ischemia resulted in increased tissue levels of acyl esters of CoA and camitine in both normal and diabetic hearts, but the rise was greater in the diabetic tissue.A more severe form of ischemia resulted in a faster rate of ventricular failure in hearts from both normal and diabetic rats, but the rate of failure was fastest in the diabetic hearts.This earlier mechanical failure in diabetic tissue was associated with a more rapid rise in tissue long-chain acyl-CoA and acyl camitine esters.Tissue K + was lost during ischemic perfusion to about the same extent in both normal and diabetic hearts.Thus, early pump failure of diabetic hearts in response to ischemia was not associated with a greater loss of cellular
Mutations in either the essential or regulatory light chains of myosin are associated with a rare myopathy in human heart and skeletal muscle
Authors: Karl Poetter, He Jiang, Shahin Hassanzadeh, Stephen R. Master, Anthony Chang, Marinos C. Dalakas, Ivan Rayment, James R. Sellers, Lameh Fananapazir, Neal D. Epstein
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in a Traditional-Living Polynesian Population: The Wallis Island Survey
Authors: Richard J Taylor, Peter H Bennett, George LeGonidec, Jacques Lacoste, Denis Combe, Michel Joffres, Roparti Uili, M Charpin, Paul Z Zimmet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the traditional-living population of Wallis Island was low and comparable with that found in other rural Polynesian societies. The diabetes prevalence was 1.9% in men and 3.5% in women; impaired glucose tolerance occurred in 5.0% of men and 8.4% of women. The prevalence of obesity was significantly greater in women than in men (37.4% versus 12%, respectively, were equal to or greater than 140% ideal weight). Subjects with diabetes tended to be more obese and less active than normal subjects, but these differences, although appreciable, were not usually statistically significant. The population engages in considerable physical activity, and this, along with the traditional diet, may be responsible for the relatively low diabetes prevalence.
Cystinuria: Increased Prevalence in Patients with Mental Disease
Authors: Charles R. Scriver, Donald T. Whelan, Carol L. Clow, Louis Dallaire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The prevalence of homozygous cystinuria was studied in two populations. One group comprising 4714 persons represented patients found in the general medical population, and the other (1400 subjects) was drawn from a hospital for patients with mental illness or retardation. The prevalence of homozygous cystinuria in the general population is estimated to be about 10–4 when derived from the frequency of heterozygotes. The expected frequency of homozygous cystinuria in the population with mental disease is similar when derived by the same method. However, the observed frequency of homozygous cystinuria in the latter population is actually greater than 10–3, a value significantly higher than in the general population (p less than 0.02). This finding confirms a suspicion that cystinuric patients are at higher risk for impaired cerebral function.