tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Erna Schilling (Sick Woman, Lady With Hat)&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Philip Sefton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recruitment of Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons Determines Hippocampal Function and Associated Behavior
Authors: Elke C. Fuchs, Aleksandar R. Zivkovic, Mark O. Cunningham, Steven Middleton, Fiona E.N. LeBeau, David M. Bannerman, Andrei Rozov, Miles A. Whittington, Roger D. Traub, J. Nicholas P. Rawlins, Hannah Monyer
Journal: Neuron (2007)
Medium-dose ultraviolet (UV) A1 vs. narrowband UVB phototherapy in atopic eczema: a randomized crossover study
Authors: T. Gambichler, N. Othlinghaus, N.S. Tomi, T. Holland-Letz, S. Boms, M. Skrygan, P. Altmeyer, A. Kreuter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Ultraviolet (UV) A1 and narrowband (NB)-UVB have been reported to be effective treatments for atopic eczema (AE).We aimed to compare the efficacy of medium-dose UVA1 and NB-UVB mono-phototherapy in patients with AE.A randomized double-blind controlled crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00419406) was conducted in which patients with AE received a 6-week course of both medium-dose UVA1 and NB-UVB. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the Six Area, Six Sign, Atopic Dermatitis (SASSAD) score and a visual analogue scale for pruritus. Assessment of health-related quality of life was performed using the Skindex-29. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) were evaluated at baseline and after each phototherapy course.Twenty-eight patients who completed both UVA1 and NB-UVB phototherapy courses on an intention-to-treat basis were analysed according to the crossover design. Both interventions were associated with significant clinical improvement but there was no significant difference between treatments with respect to the mean +/- SD relative reduction (RR) of the clinical scores (SASSAD, 43.7 +/- 31.4% vs. 39.4 +/- 24.1%, P = 0.5; pruritus score, 16 +/- 61.8% vs. 25.2 +/- 30.5%, P = 0.5, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean +/- SD RR of the Skindex-29 after UVA1 and NB-UVB phototherapy (12.7 +/- 18.8% vs. 16.5 +/- 17.6%, P = 0.1). Changes in the total IgE and ECP levels following UVA1 and NB-UVB did not differ significantly (P = 0.3 and P = 0.9, respectively).A 6-week course of NB-UVB and UVA1 phototherapy of AE resulted in significant clinical improvement. With regard to efficacy and tolerability, both phototherapeutic modalities may be considered comparably good.
The use of drugs with a life-shortening effect in end-of-life care in neonates and infants
Authors: Veerle Provoost, Filip Cools, Johan Bilsen, José Ramet, Peter Deconinck, Robert Vander Stichele, Anne Vande Velde, Inge Van Herreweghe, Freddy Mortier, Yvan Vandenplas, Luc Deliens
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2005)
Are we all Balintians now?
Authors: J. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An invitation to the Balint Society’s annual dinner provided a welcome opportunity to revisit and review the enduring legacy of Michael Balint on British general practice and psychiatry.

I was one of the smallish band of “Balint boys” (and girls) who were lucky enough to be in his seminars for medical students at University College Hospital, London, which ran for a couple of years in the mid-1960s. Several of us ended up as psychiatrists. I remember that first electrifying seminar well. He instantly reminded me of my maternal grandfather, a powerful influence in my life: stocky, bull necked, with thin, swept back hair, myopic, intriguingly deformed hands, and a bossy yet an acute listener. In retrospect, the resemblance was probably only superficial, but Balint, like all charismatic people, had the ability to evoke strong transference reactions. One could not help projecting onto him significant aspects or figures from one’s life: the father one wanted to please, the feared critic, the Goliath figure one would have to slay to find one’s manhood, the encyclopaedic polymath that one admired and envied, the attentive and protective lover. As for the last: an acquaintance who had been a patient of his always referred to him as “my darling Balint.” She was still seeing him at the time of his premature death and, like many others, was not given time to resolve her positive transference.

His skill with medical students was to persuade us that we—role-less nothings in the medical hierarchy then prevailing in hospital medicine, even in a liberal institution like UCH—were the “experts” on our patients. Only we, not the consultants and other gods, had the time, he insisted, to sit and talk with our patients, to hear their fears and hopes. He taught us …
Electrophysiological mechanisms in a canine model of erythromycin-associated long QT syndrome.
Authors: M Rubart, M L Pressler, H P Pride, D P Zipes
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Erythromycin is known to prolong ventricular repolarization and has been associated with the occurrence of torsades de pointes. In this study, we have investigated potential mechanisms in vivo and in vitro for induction of an acquired long QT syndrome by erythromycin. METHODS AND RESULTS Ventricular electrograms and endocardial monophasic action potentials were recorded in anesthetized open-chest dogs before and after administration of 40 to 120 mg/kg of erythromycin lactobionate. Conventional microelectrode techniques were used to record transmembrane action potentials in isolated dog Purkinje fibers and papillary muscles. Erythromycin at concentrations &gt; 20 mg/L prolonged action potential duration. At higher concentrations (100 to 200 mg/L), erythromycin induced phase 2 and phase 3 early afterdepolarizations (EADs) both in vivo and in vitro. The effects of erythromycin on repolarization were more marked in Purkinje fibers than in papillary muscle. Pretreatment of Purkinje fibers with erythromycin antagonized the effects of dofetilide, a selective delayed-rectifier potassium channel (IK) blocker. Pretreatment with prazosin or tetrodotoxin had no effect on erythromycin-induced changes in action potential duration. CONCLUSIONS These pharmacological studies suggest that erythromycin prolongs repolarization to a large extent by block of IK. In turn, prolongation of action potential duration resulting from erythromycin's actions on IK may promote the development of EADs. The induction of ventricular arrhythmias observed clinically after exposure to erythromycin may be related to the development of EADs. The rarity of occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias suggests that other predisposing factors contribute to the acquired long QT syndrome associated with erythromycin.
New Concepts in the Biology and Biochemistry of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Mark Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

ASCORBIC acid, originally called vitamin C, is required for human health.1 In human beings deprived of ascorbic acid, the deficiency disease scurvy develops and can be life threatening. Although a disease remarkably similar to scurvy was described by the ancient Egyptians,2 , 3 it was not until 1753 that a Scottish physician, James Lind, systematically described scurvy and its prevention by dietary means.4 Even then, the dietary requirements were controversial. For four decades the British navy refused to accept Lind's findings, and countless sailors continued to die unnecessarily from scurvy until lemon juice was finally included in sailors' rations.Research since Lind's . . .
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided One-Step Transmural Drainage of Cystic Abdominal Lesions with a Large-Channel Echo Endoscope
Authors: H. Seifert, C. Dietrich, T. Schmitt, W. Caspary, T. Wehrmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Transmual endoscopic drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections under endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) control has been reported. We evaluated a facilitated technique of one-step puncture and drainage using a new stenting device and a large-channel echo endoscope.EUS-guided transumural drainage of cystic lesions was attempted in six male patients. The drainage sites were duodenal in two instances and gastric in four. The lesions were pseudocysts, arising from chronic pancreatitis (n=2), and following acute pancreatitis (n=3), and one abscess. The median size of the pseudocysts was 50mm (range, 25 to 90). The punctures were carried out under direct EUS guidance, using a new echo endoscope with a 3.2-mm working channel. Transmural drainage was done using modified 7-F stents. Stents were inserted directly over a 1-mm puncture needle and their position was optimized using a 7-F pusher connected to the stent by a special construction. The stents were released by withdrawing the needle.EUS-guided one-step drainage was technically successful in all 6 patients. It was possible to position the stents as desired, regardless of the location, size or pathogenesis of the target lesions. There were no complications associated with the endoscopic interventions. All the lesions, including two with putrid contents, had collapsed by the day following drainage. The stents were removed after a median period of 2 weeks (range 2-12). The cysts had completely resolved in four patients at follow-ups of 3-13 months (range). The patient with the gastric abscess underwent gastrectomy 2 weeks after stent extraction, because of a coincidental adenocarcinoma at the cardia, the abscess being resolved. One patient with necrotizing pancreatitis, who refused surgical treatment, died because of septic complications.New large-channel echo endoscopes allow more aggressive endoscopic interventions to be carried out safely under direct EUS control. One-step drainage using the new 7-F stent-over-needle device was effective for six cystic lesions of variable origin.
Do hormonal contraceptives influence asthma severity?
Authors: L Forbes, D Jarvis, P Burney
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

There is some evidence that endogenous progesterone and oestrogen levels influence asthma severity in females, but little is known about the effects of hormonal contraceptives. This study aimed to describe how females with asthma perceived the effects of hormonal contraceptives on symptom severity, and to describe the association between asthma severity and current use of hormonal contraceptives. A questionnaire was sent to 891 females with asthma aged 20-30 yrs recruited from general practice registers in South London, UK. It asked about perceptions of the effects of hormonal contraceptives on asthma severity, about current use of hormonal contraceptives, and included an asthma quality of life questionnaire as a measure of asthma severity. About 6% of respondents who had ever used hormonal contraceptives reported that these had influenced asthma severity, -4% reporting worsening and 2% an improvement. There were no significant differences in asthma quality of life score between females currently taking hormonal contraceptives and those not, between those taking combined and progesterone-only preparations, or between users of different progestagen types. This study found no evidence of any important effect of hormonal contraceptives or their components on asthma severity in a group of females with relatively mild asthma.
KLF4 Regulates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Morphology and Deletion Attenuates Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Morgan Salmon, William F. Johnston, Andrew Woo, Nicolas H. Pope, Gang Su, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Gary K. Owens, Gorav Ailawadi
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— KLF4 mediates inflammatory responses after vascular injury/disease; however, the role of KLF4 in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remains unknown. The goals of the present study were to (1) determine the role of KLF4 in experimental AAA; and (2) determine the effect of KLF4 on smooth muscle (SM) cells in AAAs. Methods and Results— KLF4 expression progressively increased at days 3, 7, and 14 after aortic elastase perfusion in C57BL/6 mice. Separately, loss of a KLF4 allele conferred AAA protection using ERTCre+ KLF4 flx/wt mice in the elastase AAA model. In a third set of experiments, SM-specific loss of 1 and 2 KLF4 alleles resulted in progressively greater protection using novel transgenic mice (MYHCre+ flx/flx, flx/wt, and wt/wt) in the elastase AAA model compared with control. Elastin degradation, MAC2, and cytokine production (MCP1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-23) were significantly attenuated, whereas α-actin staining was increased in KLF4 knockout mice versus controls. Results were verified in global KLF4 and SM-specific knockout mice using an angiotensin II model of aneurysm formation. KLF4 inhibition with siRNA attenuated downregulation of SM gene expression in vitro, whereas in vivo studies demonstrated that KLF4 binds to promoters of SM genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Finally, human aortic aneurysms demonstrated significantly higher KLF4 expression that was localized to SM cells. Conclusions— KLF4 plays a critical role in aortic aneurysm formation via effects on SM cells. These results suggest that KLF4 regulates SM cell phenotypic switching and could be a potential therapeutic target for AAA disease.
The Heart, Arteries and Veins
Authors: Jacob Zatuchni
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The editors have succeeded in producing a comprehensive text on the cardiovascular system, one which will please both the medical student and the practicing physician. Oriented to the patient, it emphasizes the application of the senses of the physician at the bedside in the uncovering of symptoms and signs and also in the use and interpretation of laboratory aids in recognizing the normal and abnormal. The editors are distinguished clinicians who have not hesitated to call upon others to apply their expertise. Sixty-four consultants present specific subjects with which they have become identified, and their valuable contributions are used by the editors to make clinical medicine more meaningful. So it is that the findings obtained by kinetocardiography are applied to inspection and palpation for the recognition of the kind and character of an impulse and its meaning, or the uncovering of heart failure by x-ray in the understanding of dyspnea,
Aging hearts and vessels: Masters of adaptation and survival
Authors: S PEPE, E LAKATTA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Aging has become one of the most critical issues for industrialised nations, because population average age, and thus the incidence of age-associated disease, has markedly risen to create a major burden as patients draw heavily on the need for continuing medical treatment and hospital and other community services. Despite major advances in medicine in recent years, cardiovascular disease remains the greatest cause of morbidity and mortality. Age, per se, confers the major risk for cardiovascular disease because specific pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie these diseases become superimposed on cardiac and vascular substrates that have been modified by the “aging process” [1–3].

In healthy humans rigorously screened to exclude cardiovascular disease, non-human primates, and rodents, the large elastic arteries become dilated and stiffen and the intima thickens and exhibits cellular and sub-cellular features that resemble those that occur during vascular inflammation and injury [1]. Age-associated changes in cardiac structure (increased left ventricular myocyte size, reduced myocyte number, increased extracellular matrix remodelling, fibrosis) and resting function (reduced early diastolic filling) occur, in part, in response to aging of the arterial system [2].

Cardiovascular reserve function in advanced aged without cardiovascular disease is limited by suboptimal ventricular–vascular coupling due to an age-associated augmentation of vascular afterload and reduced myocardial contractility due, in part, to a diminished effectiveness of β-adrenergic modulation [3,4]. Senescent cardiac myocytes are characterized by altered metabolic, ionic, and electrical properties due partly to increased myocyte size, altered membrane composition, reduced capacity to maintain ion homeostasis, reduced Ca2+ tolerance, increased reactive O2 species levels in response to a variety of stressors, and reduced adaptive capacity to invoke “ischemic preconditioning-like” intracellular signal transduction for post-stress survival [5–9].

Age-targeted therapies such as those involving diet, exercise habits, gene therapy, or pharmacological agents that interfere with or beneficially … 

*Corresponding author. Laboratory of Cardiac Surgical Research, Alfred Hospital and Baker Heart Research Institute, POB 6492 St. Kilda Rd. Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 85321310; fax: +61 3 85321314. Email address: spepe{at}baker.edu.au
A Disturbance in the Force—Mitochondrial Mutations in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Ezra E.W. Cohen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

In the motion picture series Star Wars , midichlorians are fictional intracellular organisms whose energy, the Force, could be harnessed by the Jedi knights, bestowing upon them extraordinary abilities. The creator of the series, George Lucas, has stated that the name and function for the
Status of the grafts and the native coronary arteries proximal and distal to coronary anastomotic sites of aortocoronary bypass grafts.
Authors: T L Spray, W C Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The status of the native coronary arteries at necropsy in the vicinity of the coronary anastomoses of saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass grafts in 20 patients with severe coronary heart disease is presented. Of the 37 graft systems (graft plus coronary artery into which graft inserted) analyzed, the lumina of 44% of the native coronary arteries within the first 2 cm distal to the anastomoses were greater than 75% narrowed in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques, and the native coronary artery at the site of the anastomosis was greater than 50% narrowed in cross-sectional area already by atheroclerotic plaque in 25% of the graft systems. The mean coronary arterial size distal to the site of the coronary graft anastomosis, even after correction for heart weight, was greater in the 13 men than in the seven women. The residual luminal areas squared per gram of heart weight, however, were similar in both men and women. These results suggest that 1) relative coronary vessel size is greater in men than women; 2) the luminal area squared per gram myocardial mass (a relative estimation of flow) is the same in the two groups of patients; and 3) less atherosclerotic plaque is necessary in women then in men to produce similar limitation to coronary flow. Thus, vessel size alone cannot account for the higher reported frequency of unsuccessful aortocoronary bypass procedures in women.
Lactic acid production by Streptococcus thermophilus alters Clostridium difficile infection and in vitro Toxin A production
Authors: Glynis L. Kolling, Martin Wu, Cirle A. Warren, Evelyn Durmaz, Todd R. Klaenhammer, Richard L. Guerrant
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Antibiotic treatment to treat specific infections has the potential to effectively target the offending microbe as well as other microbes that colonize sites within a host. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a classic example resulting from disruption of host microbial communities; 20% of patients with AAD are likely to become colonized with Clostridium difficile. Restoration of a "normal" microbial community within the host using probiotic bacteria is one approach to circumvent AAD and C. difficile infection. The goals of this study were to assess the interactions between Streptococcus thermophilus, a potential probiotic organism and C. difficile using both in vitro and in vivo systems. Exposure of C. difficile to filtered supernatants from S. thermophilus showed a dose-dependent, bactericidal effect due to lactic acid. Additional studies show that levels of lactic acid (10 mM) that did not inhibit bacterial growth had the potential to decrease tcdA expression and TcdA release into the extracellular milieu. In vivo, treatment with viable S. thermophilus significantly increased luminal levels of lactate in the cecum compared with UV-irradiated S. thermophilus. In the context of infection with C. difficile, mice treated with viable S. thermophilus exhibited 46% less weight loss compared with untreated controls; moreover, less pathology, diarrhea, and lower detectable toxin levels in cecal contents were evident more often in S. thermophillus treated mice. A significant, inverse correlation (Spearman r = -0.942, p = 0.017) between the levels of luminal lactate and abundance of C. difficile were noted suggesting that lactate produced by S. thermophilus is a factor impacting the progression of C. difficile infection in the murine system.
Importance of preabsorptive insulin release on oral glucose tolerance: studies in pancreatic islet transplanted rats
Authors: E G Siegel, E R Trimble, A E Renold, H R Berthoud
Journal: Gut (1980)

The role of preabsorptive (cephalic phase) insulin release in oral glucose tolerance was investigated using diabetic rats treated by intraportal transplantation of isogenic islets. This early neurally mediated phase of insulin release has been shown to be absent in such rats. When the body weight of transplanted rats was normalised, glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were performed in the unstressed state using permanent cardiac catheters. Transplanted rats had a normalised intravenous GTT, whereas, as we have shown previously, their oral GTT remained clearly pathological. During both tests peripheral insulin levels were decreased compared with controls. While during intravenous GTT the onset of insulin release occurred as early in transplanted rats as in controls, during oral GTT there was a clear delay, probably because of the absence of the cephalic phase. Re-establishment of normal preabsorptive insulin levels was attempted by a small intravenous insulin injection during this period. This resulted in a transient increase in peripheral insulin levels, which, at two minutes after glucose ingestion, gave values similar to those found in controls at that time. This small insulin injection caused a marked improvement of the oral GTT which was most evident after exogenous insulin had disappeared from the blood. While the injection did not affect the 60 minute incremental insulin area, the glucose area was decreased by 50%, to a value not significantly different from that of control rats. The cephalic phase of insulin release appears, therefore, to be one important factor in the control of glycaemia during food intake. Its absence plays a major role in the pathological oral glucose tolerance of diabetic rats treated by intraportal islet transplantation.