tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A19: Comparison of genomic alteration patterns between ovarian clear cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Kayo Asada, Takahiro Koso, Katsutoshi Oda, Yuriko Uehara, Shogo Yamamoto, Kenji Tatsuno, Hiroki Ueda, Reiko Kurikawa, Yuji Ikeda, Osamu Hiraike, Kei Kawana, Tetsu Yano, Yutaka Osuga, Tomoyuki Fujii, Hiroyuki Aburatani
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a distinct histopathological subtype in epithelial ovarian cancer, and its pathological features and gene expression profiles are similar to those of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), including HIF pathway activation. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing and/or SNP typing array in 45 OCCC clinical samples, and obtained the data of ccRCC from TCGA. Results: We identified several genetic mutations in SWI/SNF complex and PI3K/mTOR pathway, which had been reported in ccRCC, but not in OCCC. Mutations of ARID1A (BAF250a) were predominant in OCCC (55% vs 4%), whereas PBRM1 (BAF180) mutations were detected only in ccRCC at 35%. Mutations of PIK3CA (60% vs 3.0%) and the genetic alterations in the PI3K/mTOR pathway (65% vs 30%, p&amp;lt;0.05 by Fisher's exact test) were more common in OCCC. Distinct from ccRCC, we did not detect any mutations in VHL and copy number losses at chr 3p in OCCC. Conclusions: Genetic alteration patterns in the SWI/SNF complex and the PI3K/mTOR pathway are distinct between OCCC and ccRCC. Our data suggest that targeting mTOR pathway might be a promising therapeutic strategy in OCCC, as well as in ccRCC. Citation Format: Kayo Asada, Takahiro Koso, Katsutoshi Oda, Yuriko Uehara, Shogo Yamamoto, Kenji Tatsuno, Hiroki Ueda, Reiko Kurikawa, Yuji Ikeda, Osamu Hiraike, Kei Kawana, Tetsu Yano, Yutaka Osuga, Tomoyuki Fujii, Hiroyuki Aburatani. Comparison of genomic alteration patterns between ovarian clear cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A19.
UK governments epilepsy action plan "fundamentally flawed"
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The UK government's initiative to improve services for people with epilepsy in England has been roundly criticised by epilepsy charities and clinicians for failing to target a reduction in avoidable deaths and to provide the funds to underpin the proposals.

The Joint Epilepsy Council, representing 23 epilepsy charities, has described the action plan as “fundamentally flawed,” adding that it is “unlikely to deliver any significant improvement in care for people with epilepsy.”

The Department of Health plan, which was issued last week— six months late— was prompted by a national epilepsy audit in May last year showing an …
Abortion stirs up controversy in Hungary
Authors: C. Kovac
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Doctors at Kecskemet Hospital in southeast Hungary last week terminated the pregnancy of a 13 year old girl whose request for the procedure has been surrounded by controversy. The abortion was performed only after the minister of welfare, Mihaly Kokeny, in effect overrode a county court injunction against the termination.

The girl was granted permission for the abortion two weeks ago by the family …
Spatial and temporal distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis
Authors: Dimitrios-Alexios Karagiannis-Voules, Patricia Biedermann, Uwem F Ekpo, Amadou Garba, Erika Langer, Els Mathieu, Nicholas Midzi, Pauline Mwinzi, Anton M Polderman, Giovanna Raso, Moussa Sacko, Idrissa Talla, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Seydou Touré, Mirko S Winkler, Jürg Utzinger, Penelope Vounatsou
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Control of Leprosy
Authors: L. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1947)

dusty pits was probably not greater than 3 g./1,000 cu.ft.In South Wales it was claimed that 99% of the coal faces requiring treatment had been dealt with either by wet cutting, infusion, or hand spraying.Other papers were read on the organization of dust research in South Wales, of which the Mining Research Laboratory, Cardiff, is the centre.Most of the colliery owners have appointed special dust officers, with the status of coll ery manager, and there is also a special dust inspector under each of H.M. divisional inspectors.Yet other papers contained an account of similar work carried out in the Transvaal.After these papers had been read Dr. C. M. FLETCHER, who is in charge of the Pneumoconiosis Medical Unit set up under the auspices of the Medical Research Council, made a strong plea for the recognition that in all pneumoconiosis research medical men as well as mining engineers should be called in to co-
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON DEFINITION OF BLINDNESS
Authors: Edward Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Your committee was appointed in response to a request from the Department of Public Welfare of the State of Illinois for a definition of blindness, in scientific terms, that might be made statutory. Such a definition should be brief, definite and comprehensive. It cannot include and settle all the problems that grow out of blindness. It cannot radically alter the meaning generally attached to a word that has been widely used by many people over a long period of time. It can be made practical only by recognizing that blindness varies in degree, and the resulting disabilities must be broadly implied by the use of auxiliary words to indicate conditions that can be generally recognized. Your committee is indebted to the Report on Definition of Blindness compiled by the Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation of the American Medical Association in October 1933. To give effect to the report of
Antimicrobial Peptides in Health and Disease
Authors: Michael Zasloff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Microbes surround us. However, most of the time we are unaware of them. Our epithelial surfaces, which provide the physical barrier separating us from the environment, are usually free of signs of a battle taking place. Over the past several years, we have come to realize that the epithelium is capable of mounting its own battery of defensive chemicals, which are more extensive, more potent, and more exquisitely regulated than initially appreciated. I am referring not to the constituents of fluids, such as tears, saliva, and sweat, that are secreted onto the surface of epithelia, but to antimicrobial peptides, the . . .
A mutation in the insulin 2 gene induces diabetes with severe pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in the Mody mouse
Authors: Jie Wang, Toshiyuki Takeuchi, Shigeyasu Tanaka, Suely-Kunimi Kubo, Tsuyoshi Kayo, Danhong Lu, Kuniaki Takata, Akio Koizumi, Tetsuro Izumi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The mouse autosomal dominant mutation Mody develops hyperglycemia with notable pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. This study demonstrates that one of the alleles of the gene for insulin 2 in Mody mice encodes a protein product that substitutes tyrosine for cysteine at the seventh amino acid of the A chain in its mature form. This mutation disrupts a disulfide bond between the A and B chains and can induce a drastic conformational change of this molecule. Although there was no gross defect in the transcription from the wild-type insulin 2 allele or two alleles of insulin 1, levels of proinsulin and insulin were profoundly diminished in the β cells of Mody mice, suggesting that the number of wild-type (pro)insulin molecules was also decreased. Electron microscopy revealed a dramatic reduction of secretory granules and a remarkably enlarged lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Little proinsulin was processed to insulin, but high molecular weight forms of proinsulin existed with concomitant overexpression of BiP, a molecular chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, mutant proinsulin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells was inefficiently secreted, and its intracellular fraction formed complexes with BiP and was eventually degraded. These findings indicate that mutant proinsulin was trapped and accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum, which could induce β-cell dysfunction and account for the dominant phenotype of this mutation.
PTH-025 Dietitian-led Virtual Coeliac Disease Clinic Results In Cost Savings And Increased Patient Satisfaction
Authors: C Stuckey, H Martin, S McLaughlin
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> We identified that demand for follow up of adult patients diagnosed with coeliac disease exceeded the capacity of our dietitian-led coeliac annual review clinic. A dietitian-led virtual coeliac clinic was developed as an efficient and cost effective method of reviewing adults with established coeliac disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with established coeliac disease (i.e. a combined histological and serological diagnosis more than 12 months earlier), who were assessed by the dietitian as understanding fully how to adhere to a gluten free diet and who have shown a good symptomatic response were sent the virtual clinic questionnaire. They were also sent a blood form to monitor full blood count, bone biochemistry, ESR, haematinics and tissue transglutaminase in line with the BSG 2010 coeliac guidelines. They were asked to complete and return the questionnaire in a prepaid addressed envelope and have the blood tests undertaken within 4 weeks. The questionnaire responses and blood results were reviewed by a specialist gastroenterology dietitian. The identification of any new abnormal blood results was highlighted to the GP and/or consultant gastroenterologist. If any red flag symptoms (i.e. blood in stools, unintentional weight loss or persistent change in bowel habit) were highlighted on the questionnaire then the patient was telephoned by the dietitian to discuss further before being referred to their GP or gastroenterologist as appropriate. <h3>Results</h3> 86 patients were sent the virtual coeliac review questionnaire from May 2012- April 2013. Of these, 81 patients (94.2%) returned their questionnaire and 78 patients (90.6%) had their blood tests undertaken. Of these, 7.4% patients (n = 6) were referred to gastroenterology for abnormal blood results or for the presence of new gastrointestinal symptoms. Only 1 of these patients (1.2%) needed to be seen in the gastroenterology clinic. 6.1% of patients (n = 5) were telephoned by the dietitian for reporting red flag symptoms. After the telephone consultation none of these patients required gastroenterology or dietetic appointments. 80% of patients responded that alternating annually between virtual review and a clinic appointment was preferential to an annual clinic appointment. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A virtual review coeliac clinic at the Royal Bournemouth Hospital is a cost effective and patient preferred method of managing adults with established coeliac disease. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 The Management of Adults with Coeliac Disease; <i>BSG</i> 2010 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
THE VIRULENCE AND IMMUNOGENICITY OF STRAINS DERIVED FROM SALMONELLA TYPHOSA 58 (PANAMA CARRIER)
Authors: H. C. Batson, Maurice Landy, Martha Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

An investigation of the immunogenicity of vaccines prepared from closely related virulent and avirulent strains of S. typhosa is reported. No evidence was obtained of any essential relationship between the virulence of the strains employed and their immunogenicity, as determined by active-immunity mouse-protection tests and by the agglutinin and mouse-protective antibody response in human beings.
Volunteer and professional treatments of dysphasia after stroke
Authors: M. S Meikle, E. Wechsler
Journal: BMJ (1979)

menopausal bleeding from which the women workers suffered.Finally, the criticism of the inappropriate use of the unpaired t test in the statistical analysis is groundless because, firstly, there is no obvious violation of the assumptions of the t test and, secondly, the robustness of the t statistic secures its use in comparing two groups.We have no doubt therefore about the significance of our findings.
Retinotectal Specificity: Models and Experiments in Search of a Mapping Function
Authors: Scott E. Fraser, R. Kevin Hunt
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1980)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Abstract OT2-2-03: Dovitinib (TKI258) or placebo in combination with fulvestrant in postmenopausal, endocrine-resistant HER2–/HR+ breast cancer: a phase II study
Authors: F Andre, R Greil, N Denduluri, C Barrios, M Campone, J Cortes, P Neven, C Reddick, M Squires, Y Zhang, A Yovine, K Blackwell
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Overcoming endocrine resistance is a critical goal in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer. Molecular mechanisms associated with endocrine resistance include adaptive cross-talk between the estrogen receptor and the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). Up to 8% of HR+/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2–) breast cancer patients have amplification of the FGFR1 gene, which is associated with resistance to endocrine therapy. In preclinical models, resistance to endocrine therapy can be overcome via FGFR1 inhibition. Dovitinib is a potent oral inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases, including FGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), that demonstrated antitumor activity in heavily pretreated breast cancer patients with FGF-pathway amplification (FGFR1, FGFR2, or ligand FGF3; Andre et al, ASCO 2011). Dovitinib may reverse resistance to endocrine therapy related to FGF-pathway amplification and may also inhibit angiogenesis, which plays an essential role in breast cancer development. Dovitinib is studied here in combination with fulvestrant to determine if it can improve outcomes in postmenopausal patients with endocrine resistant HER2−/HR+ breast cancer. Methods: This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial that will enroll postmenopausal HER2–/HR+ locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer patients (N ≈ 150) progressing within 12 months of completion of adjuvant endocrine therapy or after ≤ 1 prior endocrine therapy in the advanced setting. Patients prospectively undergo molecular screening to enrich for FGF amplification (FGFR1, FGFR2, or FGF3 amplification by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); 45 amplified and 30 nonamplified patients per arm). Patients are randomized 1:1 (stratified by FGF-amplification and presence of visceral disease) to receive fulvestrant intramuscularly (500 mg q4w [with an additional dose 2 weeks after the initial dose]) in combination with oral dovitinib (500 mg, 5 days on/2 days off) or placebo until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, death or discontinuation due to any reason (eg, withdrawal). Crossover is not permitted. The primary endpoint is progression-free survival, with tumor assessments performed q8w. Secondary endpoints include overall response rate per RECIST v1.1, duration of response, overall survival, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and patient-reported outcome scores over time, and safety. Additionally, the pharmacodynamic effect of dovitinib on FGFR-associated angiogenic pathways in tumor specimens and potential predictive biomarkers of response to dovitinib will be explored. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-2-03.
Risk of Stroke in Asymptomatic Persons with Cervical Arterial Bruits
Authors: Albert Heyman, William E. Wilkinson, Siegfried Heyden, Michael J. Helms, Alan G. Bartel, Herbert R. Karp, Herman A. Tyroler, Curtis G. Hames
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

A survey of the rural community in Evans County, Georgia, revealed cervical arterial bruits in 72 (4.4 per cent) of 1620 persons 45 years of age of older without previous stroke, transient ischemic attacks, or overt ischemic heart disease. The prevalence of such asymptomatic bruits increased with age and was greater in women and persons with hypertension. We estimated the risk of stroke associated with cervical bruits during a six-year follow-up period, taking age and blood pressure into account. The presence of asymptomatic bruits was associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke in men but not in women, with odds ratios of 7.5 and 1.6, respectively. Despite the high risk of stroke among men with bruits, the correlation between the location of the bruits and the type of subsequent stroke was poor. Moreover, cervical bruits in men were a risk factor for death from ischemic heart disease. We suggest that asymptomatic cervical bruits are an indication of systemic vascular disease and do not themselves justify invasive diagnostic procedures or surgical correction of underlying extracranial arterial lesions.
CQC rates 43 of 50 GP practices good or outstanding in its latest report
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Care Quality Commission (CQC) has published reports on the standard of care provided by 50 general practices across England, and the vast majority received positive ratings.

After recent inspections by its teams the healthcare regulator rated 42 of 50 practices as “good” on its four point scale, which assesses services on whether they are safe, effective, caring, responsive, and well led. And one practice—the Prudhoe Medical Group in Northumberland—was rated as …
Quantitative assessment of the rheumatoid synovial microvascular bed by gadolinium-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: K. Gaffney, J. Cookson, S. Blades, A. Coumbe, D. Blake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

To examine the relation between rate of synovial membrane enhancement, intra-articular pressure (IAP), and histologically determined synovial vascularity in rheumatoid arthritis, using gadolinium-DTPA enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Dynamic gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI was performed in 31 patients with knee synovitis (10 patients IAP study, 21 patients vascular morphometry study). Rate of synovial membrane enhancement was quantified by line profile analysis using the image processing package ANALYZE. IAP was measured using an intra-compartmental pressure monitor system. Multiple synovial biopsy specimens were obtained by a blind biopsy technique. Blood vessels were identified immunohistochemically using the endothelial cell marker QBend30 and quantified (blood vessel numerical density and fractional area).Median blood vessel numerical density and fractional area were 77.5/mm2 (IQR; 69.3-110.7) and 5.6% (IQR; 3.4-8.5) respectively. The rate of synovial membrane enhancement (median 2.74 signal intensity units/s, IQR 2.0-3.8) correlated with both blood vessel numerical density (r = 0.46, p < 0.05) and blood vessel fractional area (r = 0.55, p < 0.02). IAP did not influence the rate of enhancement.Gadolinium-DTPA enhanced MRI may prove to be a valuable technique for evaluating drugs that influence angiogenesis.
THE INTEECOMMUNICABILITY OF HUMAN AND BOVINE TUBEECULOSIS.
Authors: SILVIO VON RUCK
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Prior to Professor Koch's<sup>1</sup>memorable address in 1901 a considerable amount of evidence had accumulated which seemed to indicate that the human and the bovine tubercle bacillus were not identical and that the former was incapable of causing a generalized tuberculosis in cattle. Not only had the earlier work of Bollinger,<sup>2</sup>Chaveau, Günther and Harms, and others shown that the feeding of calves, swine and goats with human tuberculous material was unattended by ill effects in these animals, but, in more recent times, a number of experiments had been reported in which attempts to infect cattle with human tubercle bacilli were followed by absolutely negative results. Baumgarten,<sup>3</sup>who in 1891 sought to determine the identity of human tuberculosis and Perlsucht, failed to produce the slightest trace of tuberculosis in a calf which he inoculated with human tubercle bacilli, whereas the control calf which was infected with bovine tubercle bacilli died at the end of six weeks of acute general miliary tuberculosis.
High blood levels of chromogranin A in giant cell arteritis identify patients refractory to corticosteroid treatment
Authors: G Di Comite, P Previtali, C M Rossi, G Dell’Antonio, P Rovere-Querini, L Praderio, L Dagna, A Corti, C Doglioni, A Maseri, M G Sabbadini, A A Manfredi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) rapidly responds to high-dose corticosteroids. However, smouldering arterial inflammation can persist despite the absence of symptoms and altered acute phase reactants. In patients that are refractory, symptoms relapse during steroid tapering and vascular complications may develop. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level are not sensitive enough markers to detect refractory disease.1 The neuroendocrine system regulates innate and acquired immune responses, influencing cytokine synthesis and limiting tissue damage via release of neurotransmitters and peptides in peripheral tissues. Chromogranin A in particular is a candidate marker linking neurogenic inflammation and vascular inflammation.2 We investigated by ELISA, as described previously,3 the …
In Vivo Imaging of Enhanced Leukocyte Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Lesions in Humans
Authors: Fleur M. van der Valk, Jeffrey Kroon, Wouter V. Potters, Rogier M. Thurlings, Roelof J. Bennink, Hein J. Verberne, Aart J. Nederveen, Max Nieuwdorp, Willem J.M. Mulder, Zahi A. Fayad, Jaap D. van Buul, Erik S.G. Stroes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Log-Normal ELISPOT spot size distribution permits count harmonization among different laboratories
Authors: Srividya Sundararaman, Alexey Karulin, Nadine BenHamouda, Judith Gottwein, Sreenevas Laxmanan, Steven Levine, John Loffredo, Stephanie McArdle, Christine Neudoerfl, Diana Roen, Karina Silina, Mackenzie Welch, Paul V Lehmann
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts ELISPOT assays are primarily used to detect the number of T cells that respond to a given antigen. With that number being absolute for any given donor sample, ELISPOT counts should be similar between laboratories, if subjectivity in counting is avoided. Due to the differences in
Induction of Ovulation with Synthetic Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone in Women with Constant Anovulation Induced by Contraceptive Steroids
Authors: J. Zanartu, A. Dabancens, R. Rodriguez-Bravo, A. V. Schally
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The ovarian response to stimulation with follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (FSH/LH-RH) was studied in young, healthy, and fertile women with constant iatrogenic anovulation caused by depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or depot chlormadinone acetate injected for contraceptive purposes. Results were compared with those in unstimulated controls. The response was observed directly on the ovaries at laparotomy performed after treatment with FSH/LH-RH. A wedge biopsy provided ovarian tissue for histological and histochemical studies of steroid dehydrogenase activity. Treatment with FSH/LH-RH caused a trophic effect on the ovaries, with evidence of follicular development; ovulation occurred in two out of 16 treated women. Preovulatory mature follicles were found in three others. Clearly the FSH/LH-RH-induced release of FSH and LH caused follicular growth up to Graafian follicles, mature preovulatory follicles, and ovulation. Mitosis in granulosa and theca cells was also observed. A wide individual variation in gonadal response to hypothalamic FSH/LH-RH was evident, however. Nonetheless, our data support the possibility that treatment with FSH/LH-RH may prove valuable in patients with anovulatory sterility of hypothalamic origin.