tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment of rectosigmoid cancer.
Authors: L A Loizou, D Grigg, P B Boulos, S G Bown
Journal: Gut (1990)

Forty nine patients with rectosigmoid carcinoma considered unsuitable for surgery underwent endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment for palliation of symptoms and tumour eradication, if feasible. Altogether 25 (51%) of the lesions had distal margins less than 7 cm from the anus and 36 (73%) extended above the peritoneal reflection. In seven patients with tumours less than 3 cm in diameter, symptomatic improvement was achieved in all (mean follow up 16 months) and complete tumour eradication in three. In the remaining 42 patients with larger tumours (34 greater than 2/3 circumferential, mean length 5.5 cm), symptomatic improvement was achieved with repeated treatments (average 3.4) in 31 (74%) over a mean follow up of 19 weeks. Of the parameters assessed, only circumferential tumour extent proved significant in predicting functional outcome after treatment. All treatment failures (eight initial, three late) occurred in patients with extensive tumours, and only seven of these patients were considered fit for colostomy. Bowel perforation occurred in two patients (5%) but there was no treatment-related mortality. Mean stay in hospital for all laser treatments was nine days (30% were outpatient attendances). These results suggest that laser therapy may be the palliative treatment of choice in patients with rectal carcinoma unsuitable for surgery.
IN THE ERA OF PRIMARY PCI, IS EMERGENT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY INCREASINGLY NECESSARY TO RULE OUT STEMI BEFORE A DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE PERICARDITIS CAN BE MADE?
Authors: Lionel Junior Malebranche, Amratash Malodiya, David Dang, Jaya Bathina, Donna Mahoney, Angela Hoban, Paul Kolm, William Weintraub, Ehsanur Rahman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Optoelectronic Plethysmography in Intensive Care Patients
Authors: ANDREA ALIVERTI, RAFFAELE DELLACÁ, PAOLO PELOSI, DAVIDE CHIUMELLO, ANTONIO PEDOTTI, LUCIANO GATTINONI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We used optoelectronic plethysmography to study 11 normal subjects during quiet and deep breathing, six sedated and paralyzed patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) receiving continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) (positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] = 10 cm H2O, tidal volume [Vt] = 300, 600, 900 ml), and seven ALI/ARDS patients receiving pressure support ventilation (PSV) (PEEP 10 cm H2O, pressure support = 5, 10, 15, 25 cm H2O). The volumes measured using optoelectronic plethysmography were compared with measurements taken using spirometry and pneumotachography. The three methods were highly correlated. The discrepancies found were 1.7 ± 5.9%, − 1.6 ± 5.4%, and 4.9 ± 6.4% when comparing optoelectronic plethysmography with spirometry, optoelectronic plethysmography with pneumotachography, and spirometry with pneumotachography, respectively. Accuracy of the compartmentalization procedure (upper thorax, lower thorax, and abdomen) was assessed by calculating compartmental volume changes during isovolume maneuvers. The discrepancy from the ideal zero line was − 2.1 ± 48.3 ml. Abdominal contribution to inspired volume was greater for normal subjects than for PSV patients (63 ± 11% versus 43 ± 14%, p < 0.001). It decreased with Vt for normal subjects (48.5 ± 15%, p < 0.05), whereas it increased for CPPV patients (61 ± 10%, p < 0.05). No significant distribution differences were found between 5 and 25 cm H2O PSV. We conclude that optoelectronic plethysmography is a feasible technique able to provide unique data on the distribution of chest wall volume changes in intensive care patients.
Allowing migrant health workers to work back home would help offset "brain drain"
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

African health workers in the United Kingdom should be allowed to return home temporarily to work in the health systems in their country of origin without jeopardising their chances of gaining UK citizenship, the international development charity Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) has said.

Facilitating “circular migration,” whereby workers can travel to and from their country of origin more freely, offers a “triple win” scenario, says a VSO report being presented at the Liberal Democrat party conference on 21 September.

For the UK it would allow labour shortages in the health sector to continue to be filled by skilled workers from abroad; …
Abnormal regulation of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate and corticosterone formation in an adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: R. L. Ney, N. J. Hochella, D. G. Grahame-Smith, R. N. Dexter, R. W. Butcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A spontaneously occurring rat adrenocortical carcinoma which produces corticosterone was maintained by transplantation. The carcinoma appeared to utilize corticosterone biosynthetic steps similar to those of the normal adrenal, but the tumor produced only about 1-10% as much corticosterone per unit tissue weight as nontumorous adrenal glands. The tumor demonstrated little or no increase in corticosterone production in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) either in vivo or in vitro. In normal adrenals, ACTH increases the activity of adenyl cyclase which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), the latter then serving as an intracellular regulator of steroidogenesis. ACTH failed to increase cyclic AMP levels in the tumor in vivo or in slices in vitro, conditions under which there were 50- and 20-fold increases in nontumorous adrenals. However, in homogenates fortified with exogenous ATP, adenyl cyclase activity was comparable in the tumor and adrenals, and cyclic AMP formation was increased 3-fold by ACTH in each. As measured in homogenates, the tumor did not possess a greater ability to destroy cyclic AMP than did normal adrenals. Although ATP levels in the carcinoma were found to be considerably lower than those in normal adrenals, it was not clear that this finding can explain the inability of ACTH to increase cyclic AMP levels in intact tumor cells. While the failure to normally influence cyclic AMP levels in the carcinoma cells could be an important factor in the lack of a steroid response to ACTH, several lines of evidence suggest that the tumor possesses one or more additional abnormalities in the regulation of steroidogenesis. First, in the absence of ACTH stimulation, the tissue concentrations of cyclic AMP were comparable in the tumor and in nontumorous adrenals, but these cyclic AMP levels were associated with a lower level of steroidogenesis in the tumor. Second, tumor slices failed to increase corticosterone production when incubated with cyclic AMP, in contrast to 5-fold increases observed with nontumorous adrenals.
Evidence-Based Use of Neoadjuvant Taxane in Operable and Inoperable Breast Cancer
Authors: Laura G. Estévez, William J. Gradishar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is standard therapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and is increasingly used for early-stage operable disease. The aim of NC is a pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast and axillary lymph nodes, which is the best predictor of improved outcome and prolonged survival. The taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel are potent agents in breast cancer management, with promising single-agent activity and acceptable tolerability in the neoadjuvant setting. In this review of the taxanes as NC for operable and inoperable breast cancer, we include all fully published Phase II-III studies enrolling ≥30 patients. Current evidence suggests that the sequential administration of taxane- and anthracycline-based therapy may be superior to concomitant administration. Indeed, until the recent Phase III Aberdeen study (n = 162), it was uncertain whether NC could prolong survival. In this study, sequential docetaxel after anthracycline-based NC significantly enhanced the clinical response rate and pathological complete response, and yielded a significant 3-year survival advantage, versus anthracycline-based NC alone. Recently, the Phase III National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial B27 trial (n = 2411) showed that sequential docetaxel after doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide significantly increased both clinical and pathological response rates for operable breast cancer, with the benefit evident in both estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative patients. This apparent superiority of a sequential anthracycline-taxane regimen is limited to docetaxel, with no similar Phase III trials of paclitaxel versus a non-taxane-based comparator having been conducted to date. In conclusion, current evidence supports the inclusion of a taxane in NC schedules for patients with large and locally advanced breast cancer.
Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival
Authors: Jeffrey H. Silber, Paul R. Rosenbaum, Richard N. Ross, Bijan A. Niknam, Justin M. Ludwig, Wei Wang, Amy S. Clark, Kevin R. Fox, Min Wang, Orit Even-Shoshan, Bruce J. Giantonio
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Differences in colon cancer survival by race are a recognized problem among Medicare beneficiaries.To determine to what extent the racial disparity in survival is due to disparity in presentation characteristics at diagnosis or disparity in subsequent treatment.Black patients with colon cancer were matched with 3 groups of white patients: a "demographic characteristics" match controlling for age, sex, diagnosis year, and Survey, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) site; a "presentation" match controlling for demographic characteristics plus comorbid conditions and tumor characteristics, including stage and grade; and a "treatment" match, including presentation variables plus details of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.16 U.S. SEER sites.7677 black patients aged 65 years or older diagnosed between 1991 and 2005 in the SEER-Medicare database and 3 sets of 7677 matched white patients, followed until 31 December 2009.5-year survival.The absolute difference in 5-year survival between black and white patients was 9.9% (95% CI, 8.3% to 11.4%; P<0.001) in the demographic characteristics match. This disparity remained unchanged between 1991 and 2005. After matching for presentation characteristics, the difference decreased to 4.9% (CI, 3.6% to 6.1%; P<0.001). After additional matching for treatment, this difference decreased to 4.3% (CI, 2.9% to 5.5%; P<0.001). The disparity in survival attributed to treatment differences made up only an absolute 0.6% of the overall 9.9% survival disparity.An observational study limited to elderly Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries living in selected geographic areas.Racial disparities in colon cancer survival did not decrease among patients diagnosed between 1991 and 2005. This persistent disparity seemed to be more related to presentation characteristics at diagnosis than to subsequent treatment differences.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and National Science Foundation.
Effects of lovastatin and dietary cholesterol on sterol homeostasis in healthy human subjects.
Authors: W C Duane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We measured biliary and fecal sterol outputs in 12 human subjects on a metabolic ward in four randomly allocated, 6-7 wk periods: (a) lovastatin (40 mg b.i.d.) + low cholesterol diet (mean 246 mg/d), (b) lovastatin + high cholesterol diet (mean 1,071 mg/d), (c) low cholesterol diet alone, (d) high cholesterol diet alone. In addition to lowering serum LDL cholesterol, lovastatin significantly lowered biliary secretion of cholesterol, fecal output of endogenous neutral sterols, cholesterol balance, and systemic cholesterol input (the sum of cholesterol synthesis and absorbed dietary cholesterol). The high cholesterol diet significantly lowered cholesterol balance, but significantly increased systemic cholesterol input and fecal output of acidic sterols. There was no significant interaction between lovastatin and dietary cholesterol for any parameter measured. Judging from these data, the primary action of lovastatin is to lower cholesterol synthesis and systemic cholesterol input, the main compensatory response being reduced biliary cholesterol secretion. Conversely, increased dietary cholesterol appears to increase systemic cholesterol input, the major compensatory response being increased bile acid synthesis. There appears to be no interaction between these two perturbations of systemic cholesterol input.
Listening to the Heart of Grace
Authors: Vernon Fowlkes
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis C: A Multifaceted Disease: Review of Extrahepatic Manifestations
Authors: Subhash C. Gumber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To review the available data on the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and conditions reportedly related to infection with the virus and to assess the clinical implications of these associations. Data Sources: Pertinent articles were identified using the Paperchase database, which simultaneously searches the MEDLINE (1966 to present), Health (1975 to present), AIDSLINE (1980 to present), and Cancerlit databases. Study Selection: All studies for a given association were reviewed, but special attention was paid to randomized, controlled trials where applicable. Results: According to the available data, HCV infection appears to be strongly associated with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and porphyria cutanea tarda. Evidence strongly suggests that HCV has a direct pathogenetic role in some patients with the first two conditions. The association with Mooren corneal ulcers and autoimmune thyroiditis is suggested, but more data are needed to confirm it. The data for the association between HCV infection and the Sjogren syndrome, lichen planus, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis remain weak. Although interferon therapy has been effective in patients with both essential mixed cryoglobulinemia and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, a high relapse rate has been noted in the latter condition. Conclusions: Patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and porphyria cutanea tarda should be tested for HCV infection. Conversely, signs and symptoms of these conditions should be sought in patients with chronic HCV infection. Interferon therapy is currently recommended only for patients with symptomatic essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.
Intestinal permeability in patients with atopic eczema
Authors: I. BJARNASON, S.K. GOOLAMALI, A.J. LEVI, T.J. PETERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Intestinal permeability was investigated in adult patients with atopic eczema by in vivo and in vitro techniques. Patients with symptoms of 'immediate' food allergy were specifically excluded. A 51Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetate absorption test was carried out in eighteen patients. Their mean (+/- s.d.) 24-hour urine excretion following oral administration of the test substance (2.1 +/- 0.9%) did not differ significantly from that of thirty-four normal controls (1.9 +/- 0.5%). Small bowel permeability was estimated directly in jejunal mucosal samples in ten patients with three permeability probes of differing molecular weight. Mucosal permeability did not differ significantly from that of fifteen control patients for any of the test substances. Two patients had abnormal results by both tests and in one this was due to coeliac disease. These results suggest that altered intestinal permeability is not important in the pathogenesis of eczema. Patients demonstrating increased intestinal permeability should undergo jejunal biopsy to exclude significant small bowel disease.
The impact of diagnosis of hepatitis C virus on quality of life
Authors: Alison J. Rodger, Damien Jolley, Sandra C. Thompson, Anna Lanigan, Nick Crofts
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on quality of life in a cohort admitted to Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital with acute hepatitis from 1971 to 1975. Sera stored from the original admission were tested for antibody to HCV. Systematic approaches were used to locate anti-HCV-positive individuals and outcomes assessed by the Short Form 36 (SF-36) scale and a study-specific questionnaire as well as clinical review. Study subjects' SF-36 scores were compared with Australian population norms. Anti-HCV and HCV-RNA positive individuals (n = 15) aware of their serostatus rated significantly worse on 7 of 8 SF-36 scales compared with population norms. However, HCV-seropositive and RNA-positive individuals unaware of their HCV serostatus (n = 19) scored significantly worse in only 3 scales. Those aware of their serostatus did not differ sociodemographically, clinically, virologically, or serologically from those who were unaware, nor was there a link between quality of life (QOL) scores and objective measures of ill health. All subjects had injected drugs in the past. In conclusion, HCV-RNA and anti-HCV-positive individuals in our study have significantly poorer subjective health status 26 years after original infection compared with population norms. QOL measures were significantly worse for HCV-seropositive individuals aware of their serostatus compared with those unaware. We feel that the reduced QOL in the diagnosed group may be partially an effect of labeling and that the impact of the diagnostic process per se on QOL in individuals with HCV requires further evaluation.
Changes in blood rheology in patients with stable angina pectoris as a result of coronary artery disease.
Authors: C Rainer, D T Kawanishi, P A Chandraratna, R M Bauersachs, C L Reid, S H Rahimtoola, H J Meiselman
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We investigated several rheologic variables in 17 patients (11 men, six women, mean age = 52.1 +/- 9.8 years) with chronic stable angina. None took any medication except for sublingual nitroglycerin for 2 weeks before the study, and all had angiographically proven coronary artery disease with no history of myocardial infarction. Rheologic measurements included hematocrit, whole blood and plasma viscosity (750 and 1500 sec-1), degree of red cell aggregation via the zeta sedimentation ratio, and the extent and rate of red cell aggregation after stasis (Myrenne aggregometer). Compared with normal control donors, salient observations in the patients as a group included: a small (6%) but significant increase in hematocrit, a significant elevation in plasma viscosity (9%), significant increases in whole blood viscosity at both shear rates (14% and 16%), significant increases in the degree (12%), the extent (41%), and the rate (28% faster time constant) of red cell aggregation, an elevated alpha 2 level (15% increase) and a significantly increased fibrinogen concentration (25% increase), both of which correlated with the enhanced red cell aggregation. Rheologic abnormalities were evident when patients with disease in either one vessel or two to three vessels were compared with controls, but differences between these subgroups of patients were not significant. We conclude that patients with angina have rheologic abnormalities that are compatible with disturbed blood flow and an enhanced tendency for coronary arterial thrombosis.
A critical role for β cell M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in regulating insulin release and blood glucose homeostasis in vivo
Authors: Dinesh Gautam, Sung-Jun Han, Fadi F. Hamdan, Jongrye Jeon, Bo Li, Jian Hua Li, Yinghong Cui, David Mears, Huiyan Lu, Chuxia Deng, Thomas Heard, Jürgen Wess
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Abstract 1847: SNRPE is involved in cell proliferation and the progression of high-grade prostate cancer through the regulation of AR expression
Authors: Takashi Anchi, Kenji Tamura, Mutsuo Furihata, Hirofumi Satake, Maiko Kamei, Tsutomu Shimamoto, Hideo Fukuhara, Shingo Ashida, Takashi Karashima, Hiroshi Nishikawa, Ichiro Yamasaki, Masaharu Yasuda, Masayuki Kamada, Keiji Inoue, Taro Shuin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Clinically high-grade prostate cancers (PC) with high Gleason scores of 8-10 tend to grow quickly and are more likely to spread beyond the prostate. They show a poor response to androgen deprivation therapy and eventually acquire a castration-resistant phenotype. To identify novel molecular cancer drug targets, we previously analyzed the gene expression profiles of high-grade PC using a cDNA microarray combined with laser microbeam microdissection and found a number of genes that are transactivated in high-grade PC. Among them, we report the identification of a novel molecular target, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide E (SNRPE). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that SNRPE is overexpressed in high-grade PC cells compared with normal prostatic epithelial cells (NP). Knockdown of SNRPE expression by short interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in the marked suppression of PC cell proliferation. In contrast, SNRPE overexpression promoted PC cell proliferation, indicating its oncogenic effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SNRPE regulates androgen receptor (AR) mRNA expression in PC cells. Knockdown of SNRPE expression by siRNA resulted in the marked suppression of AR and its downstream target genes at the mRNA level. We suggest that the regulation of AR expression by SNRPE is essential for the cell proliferation and progression of high-grade PC and that it could be a novel molecular target for cancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1847. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1847
A New Topical Treatment for Resistant Herpes Simplex Infections
Authors: R. Snoeck, G. Andrei, E. De Clercq, Marie-Christine Gerard, N. Clumeck, G. Tricot, Catherine Sadzot-Delvaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: For persistent mucocutaneous infections due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) in immunosuppressed patients, acyclovir is the drug of choice1. Foscarnet is an alternative agent,2,3 but it too may lead to resistance. A new approach to the therapy of HSV infections is based on the use of an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC), a potent and selective inhibitor of various DNA viruses, including HSV types 1 and 2 and thymidine kinase-deficient mutants of HSV4,5. We used HPMPC (1 percent, in Beeler base or Orabase), applied topically once a day on three consecutive days a . . .