tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SURGICAL SYMPATHECTOMY ON THE SENSITIVITY TO EPINEPHRINE OF THE BLOOD VESSELS OF MUSCULAR SEGMENTS OF THE LIMBS 12
Authors: Robert S. Duff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

Increased sensitivity to epinephrine of blood vessels deprived of their sympathetic nerve supply was first demonstrated in man by Freeman, Smithwick, and White (2).In patients with Raynaud's disease they found that the fall in tem- perature in the fingers resulting from daily intra- venous epinephrine infusions became greater on the eighth to eighteenth day after the limbs had been sympathectomized.The increase in sensi- tivity was thought to be much greater following postganglionic denervation than after preganglionic decentralization (3).In monkeys, Ascroft (4) estimated that the postganglionic operation caused more than three times as much hypersensitivity as the preganglionic.By contrast Fatherree, Adson, and Allen (5) considered that both opera- tions caused about the same degree of hypersensitivity, which opinion is supported by Duff (6).All these studies were confined to the blood vessels of the skin.Concerning the effect of sympathectomy on the sensitivity of the blood vessels in skeletal muscle in man, information is incomplete.-In a study of the circulatory differences between hands and forearms it was incidentally noted by Grant and Pearson (7) that the dilator response of the fore- arm to epinephrine was increased in one patient following sympathectomy.In patients with peri- pheral arterial disease sensitization of the muscle vessels of the lower limb has been reported to follow preganglionic section (8).In their investigation of the blood flow in human skeletal muscle Allen, Barcroft, and Edholm (9)
Popping and snorting volatile nitrites: a current fad for getting high
Authors: L T Sigell, F T Kapp, G A Fusaro, E D Nelson, R S Falck
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

In certain social circles a variety of volatile nitrites are being used extensively to expand creativity, stimulate music appreciation, promote a sense of abandon in dancing, and intensify sexual experience. Soon after amyl nitrite (the prototype of this group) became a prescription drug, legally produced substitutes appeared and were sold as room odorizers. Analyses of eight of these substitutes showed them to contain isomers of butyl or amyl alcohol and a corresponding nitrite. The authors describe the context of use of these products and their desired and adverse effects.
Soundings on Soundings
Authors: T Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

I am told that the Soundings page is fifth in the BMJ's popularity rankings behind editorials, Minerva, news, and Obituary and ahead of anything that could be classified as a serious scientific article. With 35 contributions under my belt, I have amassed a thick file of correspondence and a selection of embarrassing cuttings showing me pilloried and - very occasionally - applauded by the popular press. Unlike Jim Drife, I have yet to be hailed by a tabloid as “Wally of the Week,” but I have had antiabortionists and prochoice activists camped simultaneously on my front lawn after I had denounced the extremes of both …
Legislation on Therapeutic Abortion
Authors: M. Sim
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Position in ChildbirthSIR,-With reference to your leader on "Position in Childbirth " (8 January, p. 62), among the aboriginal folk in Arnheim Land, Northern Australia, the position observed in 1953 was as follows.When uterine contrac- tions occurred the patient squatted or sat in the lap of the midwife, who herself squatted with knees fully flexed and thighs abducted.The midwife, having embraced the patient, brought her clasped hands to bear down upon the uterine fundus.With each uterine contraction the midwife was able to bring considerable pressure to bear down from above on to the uterus and its contents.If the labour was unduly prolonged another midwife relieved and took up the same position.A relay of midwives took turns in a very prolonged labour.
Nifedipine for Hypertensive Emergencies
Authors: William J. Meggs
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Readers of the article by Dr Grossman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>cannot be enlightened to the answer of the question of whether a moratorium should be placed on the use of sublingual nifedipine capsules in hypertensive emergencies. What is clear is that there should be a moratorium on articles, such as this one, that do not contain the information needed to answer the question posed. The authors give as rationale for a moratorium 16 case reports from the literature of diverse adverse events temporally associated with nifedipine use, including paralysis, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction (MI), abdominal complaints, and syncope. However, it is impossible to know if administration of nifedipine was causative (for example, in the death of the patient who was given nifedipine for unstable angina and died of an MI because some patients with unstable angina die of MI without the administration of nifedipine). Furthermore, the authors do not know the
The Drug Salicylamide Is an Antagonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor That Inhibits Signal Transduction Induced by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-<b> <i>p</i> </b>-dioxin
Authors: Christopher J. MacDonald, Henry P. Ciolino, Grace Chao Yeh
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a widespread environmental contaminant, that has been linked with a variety of deleterious effects on human health, including increased cancer rates and reproductive anomalies. The detrimental effects of TCDD are mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a transcription factor that regulates the expression of the carcinogen-activating enzymes cytochromes P-450 (CYP) 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1. In the present study, we examined the ability of synthetic derivatives of salicylic acid to affect TCDD-stimulated AhR-mediated signal transduction in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Salicylamide (SAL), an analgesic drug, caused a potent and long-lasting inhibition of TCDD-induced CYP enzyme activity. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and the naturally occurring phytochemical salicylic acid had no effect on CYP activity. SAL inhibited the increase in CYP1A1, -1A2, and -1B1 mRNA levels that occurs on exposure to TCDD. TCDD-induced transcription of these genes was also inhibited by SAL, but not by aspirin or salicylic acid, as demonstrated by luciferase reporter assays. The transcription of the CYP1 family of genes is regulated by the interaction of TCDD-activated AhR with the xenobiotic-responsive element present in the promoter regions of these genes. As shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, SAL completely blocked the binding of TCDD-activated AhR to the xenobiotic responsive element. Also, SAL substantially blocked the binding of TCDD to the cytosolic AhR. These results demonstrate that SAL, a commonly used analgesic, is a potent inhibitor of AhR-mediated signal transduction, and may be an effective agent in the prevention of TCDD-associated disease.
Abstract 3573: Protection of Hypothermia-induced Contractile Dysfunction in Mice With Cardiac Specific Expression of Slow Skeletal Troponin I
Authors: Torkjel Tveita, Gary C Sieck, R. J Solaro, Grace M Arteaga
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Rewarming the intact heart from hypothermia is associated with reduced contractile function, decrease in myofilament response to Ca2, and increased cardiac troponin I (cTnI) phosphorylation. To fur...
Medical Malpractice in Diagnosis
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

IT is commonly said that physicians cannot be held liable for "mere errors in professional judgment." This is taken to mean that there is no liability for an erroneous diagnosis. However, the courts have held that this doctrine applies only when the physician has examined the patient, taken an adequate history and conducted the accepted diagnostic tests and procedures. In two important decisions, the federal courts have reaffirmed this qualification on the basic doctrine.In Clark v. United States 1 the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit was called upon to interpret the leading case in the field, Hicks v. . . .
Post‐transfusion alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Armando R. Orlina, Phyllis J. Unger, Mabel Koshy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

The transfusion histories over a 33-month period of 50 patients with sickle cell disease were reviewed to determine the frequency of alloimmunization to red cell antigens following transfusion in these patients. There were 30 females and 20 males, aged 19--49 years. Eighteen (36%) were immunized of which thirteen were females. Five of the patients have formed only one antibody so far, while the other 13 have formed two or more. Thirty-six antibodies were identified: 16 against various Rh antigens, 12 anti-Lewis, 5 anti-Kell and one each of anti-Jka, -Fya and -M. The immunized patients received, on the average, more transfusions although there was a considerable degree of overlap between the immunized and nonimmunized groups. An approach to the hemotherapy of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is discussed.
Human Monocyte Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity to Tumor Cells
Authors: George M. Shaw, Paul C. Levy, Albert F. Lobuglio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Previous investigations of mononuclear cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) toward tumor cells suggest that K lymphocytes and not monocytes are active in this cytotoxic reaction. This report, however, demonstrates that human monocytes are able to carry out ADCC toward three different human tumor cell lines (CEM T lymphoblasts, Raji bone marrow-derived (B) lymphoblasts, and HeLa cells). The cytolytic event was found to be temperature dependent and rapid, with most of the lysis occurring in the first 4 h of incubation. The extent of lysis was directly related to the number of monocytes (effector cells) and to the degree of antibody sensitization of the target cells. The antibody-dependent cell contact-mediated nature of the cytolytic event was confirmed by inhibition with competing nonspecific monomeric immunoglobulin and by the ability of monocytes in “innocent bystander” experiments to lyse antibody-coated targets but not nonantibody-coated target cells. Evidence that monocytes were clearly the effector cells in the monocyte preparations included the observation that preincubation of effector cells with opsonized zymosan particles abolished ADCC by monocytes, but had little effect on lymphocyte ADCC. Furthermore, no evidence for Fc receptor K lymphocyte contamination of the monocyte preparations was found using antibody-coated target cells that were selectively lysed by lymphocytes but not monocytes. We suggest that ADCC toward tumor cell targets may prove to be a useful assay of monocyte function in normal and disease states.
PRIMARY CHORIO-EPITHELIOMA MALIGNUM OUTSIDE OF THE PLACENTAL SITE.WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: PALMER FINDLEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In spite of the enormous amount of literature lately evolved on this subject, little has been presented that throws light on the true character of the growth. This statement was recently made by W. Risel, and I think we must all agree with him. Progress has been made in the study of the histology of these growths, and we have arrived at a more definite understanding of certain points in the histogenesis which were formerly much discussed. The term deciduoma malignum, introduced by Sänger, has been abandoned, and it is generally conceded that this growth, composed as it is of Langhans'<sup>1</sup>cells and syncytium, arises from the fetal ectoderm. But we seem to have been led into still greater confusion by the recent reports of cases of primary chorio-epitheliomatous growths arising outside of the placental site, and these not confined to the female, but found as well in the teratomata of the testicle.
Fiber burden and patterns of asbestos-related disease in workers with heavy mixed amosite and chrysotile exposure.
Authors: A Churg, S Vedal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To attempt to determine the mineralogic factors that relate to the appearance of specific types of asbestos-related disease in workers with heavy mixed exposure to amphiboles and chrysotile, we analyzed the pulmonary asbestos fiber burden in a series of 144 shipyard workers and insulators from the Pacific Northwest. Amosite was found in all lungs, and tremolite and chrysotile in most lungs, but the vast majority of fibers were amosite. Tremolite and chrysotile concentrations were significantly correlated, indicating that the tremolite originated from chrysotile products, but no correlation was found between tremolite or chrysotile concentration and amosite concentration. Time since last exposure was correlated with decreasing amosite concentration and the calculated clearance half time was about 20 yr. In a multiple regression analysis that accounted for the presence of more than one disease in many subjects, a high concentration of amosite fibers was correlated with the presence of airway fibrosis and asbestosis, whereas subjects with mesothelioma, lung cancer, pleural plaques, or no asbestos-related disease had about the same, much lower, amosite concentration. No relationship was found between the concentration of chrysotile or tremolite and any disease. Analysis of fiber size measures (length, width, aspect ratio, surface, mass) showed that pleural plaques were strongly associated with high aspect ratio amosite fibers and suggested that mesotheliomas were associated with low aspect ratio amosite fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
STUDIES ON TRICHINOSIS, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INCREASE OF THE EOSINOPHILIC CELLS IN THE BLOOD AND MUSCLE, THE ORIGIN OF THESE CELLS AND THEIR DIAGNOSTIC IMPORTANCE
Authors: Thomas R. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1898)

TO SUMMARIZE, WE HAVE BEEN ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE: (1) In a case of acute trichinosis an extensive leucocytosis, with great absolute and relative increase in the number of eosinophilic cells in the blood, associated with a coincident decrease in the quantity of neutrophilic elements. (2) From the examination of specimens of muscle removed during life, besides the peculiar degenerations of the muscle, a longitudinal splitting of some of the fibres; a remarkable transverse splitting of others; a great proliferation of nuclei, about many of which vacuoles are seen; and large numbers of polymorphonuclear eosinophilic cells, which are especially prevalent in the more degenerated areas. (3) In a second case (after death), besides similar changes in the muscle, large numbers of eosinophiles throughout the infested portion. (4) In two other cases, during life, a great increase of the eosinophilic cells in the blood, with a coincident decrease of the polymorphonuclear neutrophiles, associated with leucocytosis, though of less extent than in the first case. (5) In pieces of muscle removed in these last two cases changes in most respects similar to those cited in the first case, but of less degree. (6) The similar character of the nuclei of the eosinophiles and the neutrophiles both in the blood and in the muscle, and the presence in the first case of certain cells which might be regarded as forms transitional between neutrophiles and eosinophiles, suggesting the possibility that the increase in the latter elements may, in these instances, take place in the muscles by direct transition from the neutrophiles.
Genetics and Counseling in Medical Practice
Authors: James E. Bowman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The authors want to provide a broad coverage of information that the family physician can use to help people seeking genetic advice. The book is not intended as an exhaustive treatise on medical genetics. The topics include clinical tools and a general approach to genetic counseling, probabilities, genes and birth defects, counseling in Down's syndrome, autosomal and sex chromosomal abnormalities, the sex-linked disorders, twins, heredity, and blood groups, the inborn errors, genetics and cancer, mental retardation, and future perspectives in genetic counseling. This is a valuable book, not only for family physicians but for a wide range of specialists, including human geneticists. Many books on genetic counseling have the major drawback that they are generally written without the personal human judgments that are, perhaps, just as valuable as probabilities. This book takes into consideration not only the patient, but the total family and social consequences of the patient who needs
Acute Myelofibrosis
Authors: Kenneth L. Bergsman, Ellis J. Van Slyck
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A 50-year-old patient demonstrated an acute atypical variant of myelofibrosis characterized by diffuse marrow fibrosis, peripheral myeloblastosis, normal erythrocyte morphology, lack of massive splenomegaly, and a rapidly fatal course. Although this variant is rare in comparison with other myeloproliferative disorders, it deserves recognition. We favor the designation "acute myelofibrosis" for this entity.
Adiponectin suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression in mouse hepatocytes independent of LKB1-AMPK signaling
Authors: Russell A. Miller, Qingwei Chu, John Le Lay, Philipp E. Scherer, Rexford S. Ahima, Klaus H. Kaestner, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Morris J. Birnbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin signals from the fat storage depot to regulate metabolism in peripheral tissues. Inversely correlated with body fat levels, adiponectin reduction in obese individuals may play a causal role in the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Adiponectin lowers serum glucose through suppression of hepatic glucose production, an effect attributed to activation of AMPK. Here, we investigated the signaling pathways that mediate the effects of adiponectin by studying mice with inducible hepatic deletion of LKB1, an upstream regulator of AMPK. We found that loss of LKB1 in the liver partially impaired the ability of adiponectin to lower serum glucose, though other actions of the hormone were preserved, including reduction of gluconeogenic gene expression and hepatic glucose production as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Furthermore, in primary mouse hepatocytes, the absence of LKB1, AMPK, or the transcriptional coactivator CRTC2 did not prevent adiponectin from inhibiting glucose output or reducing gluconeogenic gene expression. These results reveal that whereas some of the hormone's actions in vivo may be LKB1 dependent, substantial LKB1-, AMPK-, and CRTC2-independent signaling pathways also mediate effects of adiponectin.
Science Is Not Enough
Authors: Harry E. Bacon
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN THE EBERS PAPYRUS, long predating the Christian era, the professional status and character of the physician were set forth. In these respects, he was the peer of other learned men—judges, astronomers, mathematicians, and priests. Usually his character was unimpeachable; he was a man of piety, who often administered remedies with a prayer. The Hippocratic Oath was written four centuries prior to the Christian era and its principles guided the physician in his ministrations to the infirm and sought to protect them against harm. Assuming that the physician was a religious man, the oath invoked the aid of the gods sacred to medicine. From the earliest period of recorded history, we learn that the physician was not accustomed to relying on his skill alone but sought help that could emerge from faith and religious beliefs in addition to his medical knowledge and capabilities. With the advancement of scientific medicine,
Statin Therapy with Ezetimibe or Niacin in High-Risk Patients
Authors: John J.P. Kastelein, Michiel L. Bots
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The use of statin therapy to reduce levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in patients who are at high risk for vascular events results in a 30 to 40% reduction in the rate of clinical events.1 However, many patients continue to be at risk. This residual risk has resulted in the search for additional therapeutic approaches. One approach is the further reduction of the LDL cholesterol level through treatment with higher doses of statins or through the addition of the cholesterol-absorption inhibitor ezetimibe. However, to date, only high-dose statin therapy has shown a clear clinical benefit beyond a moderate reduction . . .
The Relation of Risk Factors to the Development of Atherosclerosis in Saphenous-Vein Bypass Grafts and the Progression of Disease in the Native Circulation
Authors: Lucien Campeau, Marc Enjalbert, Jacques Lespérance, Martial G. Bourassa, Peter Kwiterovich, Sholom Wacholder, Allan Sniderman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We examined 82 patients 10 years after saphenous-vein aortocoronary bypass surgery to determine their angiographic status and to relate those findings to the risk factors for coronary-artery disease. Of 132 grafts shown to be patent 1 year after surgery, only 50 were unaffected at 10 years. The remainder were narrowed (43) or occluded (39). Disease progression in coronary arteries without grafts was also frequent, both in vessels that were normal (15 of 32) and in those with minor stenosis (25 of 53). New lesions did not develop in 15 patients, whereas they did in 67 — in the grafts, the native vessels, or both. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of hypertension, diabetes, or smoking, whereas plasma levels of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were higher, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were lower in those with new disease than in those without. Univariate analysis showed that plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher at the time of surgery and at the 10-year examination in those with new lesions. Multivariate analysis indicated that among the lipoprotein indexes, levels of HDL cholesterol and plasma LDL apoprotein B best distinguished the two groups. The findings indicate that atherosclerosis in these patients was a progressive disease, frequently affecting both the grafts and the native vessels, and that the course of such disease may be related to the plasma lipoprotein levels. (N Engl J Med 1984; 311:1329–32.)
Relation of antecedent illness to development of diabetes in children.
Authors: D R Gamble
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Information was obtained by postal questionnaire in 1663 cases of childhood diabetes of recent onset about other illnesses for which the family doctor was consulted in the six months before onset. Consultation rates in each of these six months were compared with each other and with rates reported in a concurrent study of morbidity in general practices. There was a significant excess of consultations for mumps in the six months before onset of diabetes (p < 0.001), the greatest excess being in the month before onset. These results support the suggestion that diabetes starting in childhood may result in a small proportion of cases from recent mumps infection.