tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Unique Biologic Model for the Study of Auto-immune Mechanisms
Authors: JOSEPH STOKES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

Editorials1 September 1963A Unique Biologic Model for the Study of Auto-immune MechanismsJOSEPH STOKES JR., M.D.JOSEPH STOKES JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-59-3-409 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAn outstanding contribution has been made to the field of immunology by workers in New Zealand in the development by Bielschowsky of an inbred strain of mice, the NZB strain. Together with Helyer and Howie, she demonstrated in these mice the spontaneous occurrence of an auto-immune hemolytic anemia that slowly increased in severity as their age advanced. The original observation by these workers of the development of positive direct Coombs tests and positive L E cell tests in these mice has been supported by the extensive studies of Burnet, Holmes, Long, and Gorrie. These latter investigations have been carried on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSEPH STOKESJR., M.D.Affiliations: The Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1963Volume 59, Issue 3Page: 409-410KeywordsBiologicsHemolytic anemiaImmunology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Molecular Tumor Markers in the Blood: Early Prediction of Disease Outcome in Melanoma Patients Treated With a Melanoma Vaccine
Authors: Robert A. Wascher, Donald L. Morton, Christine Kuo, Robert M. Elashoff, He-Jing Wang, Mehri Gerami, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III melanoma are at high risk of recurrence and death. We hypothesized that a multiple-marker reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (MM-RT-PCR) blood assay could predict, early in the course of therapy, those patients destined to experience treatment failure with a melanoma vaccine (MV) previously shown to improve survival in a phase II clinical trial. Patients and Methods: After complete surgical resection, prospectively collected cryopreserved peripheral-blood lymphocyte specimens (n = 90) from the serial bleeds of 30 patients with AJCC stage III melanoma were studied by MM-RT-PCR, using the markers tyrosinase, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1 (MART-1), and universal melanoma antigen gene-A (uMAG-A). All patients were enrolled in a phase II MV trial during the period of blood draws, and were selected for this study in a blinded fashion. Median duration of clinical follow-up was 74 months for the 13 survivors and 11 months for the 17 nonsurvivors. Results: The presence of at least one melanoma-specific RT-PCR marker was associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence (risk rate, 3.12; P = .02) and decreased risk of survival (relative rate, 2.62; P = .0496) by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: MM-RT-PCR of the blood provided early prediction of subsequent disease recurrence and death in clinically disease-free AJCC stage III melanoma patients enrolled in a MV phase II trial. On the basis of the results of this pilot study, the MM-RT-PCR blood assay should be considered as a clinically important monitoring tool for assessing patient response to adjuvant therapy, and in the surveillance of clinically disease-free patients for the earliest signs of recurrence.
The potential of pharmacogenetics in optimizing the use of methotrexate for psoriasis
Authors: R.B. Warren, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

The study of pharmacogenetics will optimize the use of systemic therapies in dermatology. Directed prescription of azathioprine dependent on phenotypic expression of the thiopurine methyltransferase gene is now accepted practice. To some extent other, older drugs have been neglected. We look at the role that pharmacogenetics could play in the use of methotrexate for psoriasis, focusing on known polymorphisms in the folate metabolic pathway.
INK4/ARF germline alterations in pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: P. Ghiorzo, L. Pastorino, L. Bonelli, R. Cusano, A. Nicora, S. Zupo, P. Queirolo, M. Sertoli, V. Pugliese, G. Bianchi-Scarrà
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2003)

Roughly 40% of germinal mutations in melanoma families (MF) affect p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF). We investigated the association between INK4/ARF alterations and the occurrence of pancreatic cancer in MF and in sporadic pancreatic cancer (SPC) patients.Forty-nine MF, 66 SPC cases and 54 controls were enrolled. The INK4/ARF locus was screened.As compared with the general population, the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) was increased 9.4-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.7-33.4] and 2.2-fold (95% CI 0.8-5.7) in G101W-positive and -negative MF, respectively, while mean ages at onset were 61 and 77 years, respectively. A 1.7 (95% CI 1.06-2.79) increased risk of cancer at any site was observed among first-degree relatives of SPC cases as compared with controls. The G101W founder mutation was detected in 4% of SPC cases but the rate increased to 13% when tumor clustering in either branch of families was taken into account. One G101W-positive PC patient with a melanoma in a first-degree relative harbored a germline deletion of the second allele, including exon 1B.The presence of a deletion including exon 1B in two PC patients points to the involvement of p14(ARF) in the development of PC and may suggest that the increased risk of PC in MF is caused by impairment of both loci.
Effect of loperamide and naloxone on mouth-to-caecum transit time evaluated by lactulose hydrogen breath test.
Authors: G Basilisco, A Bozzani, G Camboni, M Recchia, M Quatrini, D Conte, R Penagini, P A Bianchi
Journal: Gut (1985)

The effect of loperamide and naloxone on mouth-to-caecum transit time was evaluated by the lactulose hydrogen breath test in four men and four women. Each subject underwent tests during the administration of placebo, loperamide (12-16 mg po), naloxone (40 micrograms/kg/h by a three-hour intravenous infusion), and loperamide plus naloxone, carried out at intervals of one or two weeks. The transit time was significantly longer after loperamide, and this effect was antagonised by the concomitant administration of naloxone whereas naloxone administered alone had no effect on mean transit time. No clinically important side effects were reported.
Measuring diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The measurement of diastolic blood pressure during pregnancy offers plenty of scope for error. Most people still use a mercury sphygmomanometer, with all the pitfalls that are familiar outside obstetrics–“white coat” hypertension, digit preference, cuff size, differences between arms, and poorly calibrated equipment. To these should be added the influence of posture and gestation in a pregnant woman, so any advance in getting it right is to be welcomed. There is now good evidence to support using the fifth Korotkoff sound when measuring diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy.

Although measuring blood pressure and detecting hypertension remain at the core of antenatal monitoring, there has long been uncertainty about whether to record diastolic pressure as the point when the sounds muffle (Korotkoff phase IV) or when they disappear (phase V). The World Health Organisation recommends the use of phase IV,1 …
Disparate Effects of Deficient Expression of Connexin43 on Atrial and Ventricular Conduction
Authors: Suma A. Thomas, Richard B. Schuessler, Charles I. Berul, Michael A. Beardslee, Eric C. Beyer, Michael E. Mendelsohn, Jeffrey E. Saffitz
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Myocardial conduction depends on intercellular transfer of currrent at gap junctions. Atrial myocytes express three different gap junction channel proteins—connexin43 (Cx43), connexin45 (Cx45), and connexin40 (Cx40)—whereas ventricular myocytes express only Cx43 and Cx45. However, the physiological roles of individual connexins are unknown. We have previously shown that mice heterozygous for a null mutation in the gene encoding Cx43 (Cx43 +/− mice) express 50% of the normal amount of Cx43 in ventricular myocardium and exhibit marked slowing of ventricular conduction. Methods and Results —To determine whether atrial conduction is affected in Cx43 +/− mice, we measured atrial conduction velocity in isolated hearts, performed detailed ECG and electrophysiological studies in intact animals, and determined the amount of cardiac connexins in atrial and ventricular tissue. Ventricular conduction velocity was reduced by 38% in Cx43 +/− mice compared with wild-types, but atrial conduction velocity in the same hearts was normal. QRS duration was significantly greater in Cx43 +/− mice than in wild-types, but P-wave duration and amplitude did not differ. Atrial expression of Cx43 was reduced by 50%. Conclusions —These results indicate that Cx43 is a principal conductor of intercellular current in the ventricle because ventricular conduction is significantly slowed when Cx43 content is reduced by only 50%. In contrast, a similar reduction in Cx43 content in atrial muscle has no effect on atrial conduction, suggesting that Cx40 (which is expressed in atrial but not ventricular myocytes) is a major electrical coupling protein in atrial muscle. Thus, Cx43 and Cx40 may be chamber-specific determinants of myocardial conduction.
The Selection and Design of Control Conditions for Randomized Controlled Trials of Psychological Interventions
Authors: David C. Mohr, Bonnie Spring, Kenneth E. Freedland, Victoria Beckner, Patricia Arean, Steven D. Hollon, Judith Ockene, Robert Kaplan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

The randomized controlled trial (RCT) provides critical support for evidence-based practice using psychological interventions. The control condition is the principal method of removing the influence of unwanted variables in RCTs. There is little agreement or consistency in the design and construction of control conditions. Because control conditions have variable effects, the results of RCTs can depend as much on control condition selection as on the experimental intervention. The aim of this paper is to present a framework for the selection and design of control conditions for these trials. Threats to internal validity arising from modern RCT methodology are reviewed and reconsidered. The strengths and weaknesses of several categories of control conditions are examined, including the ones that are under experimental control, the ones that are under the control of clinical service providers, and no-treatment controls. Considerations in the selection of control conditions are discussed and several recommendations are proposed. The aim of this paper is to begin to define principles by which control conditions can be selected or developed in a manner that can assist both investigators and grant reviewers.
The Quiet Storm
Authors: Scott K Heysell
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
T cell growth factor abrogates concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function
Authors: R Palacios, G Moller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Concanavalin A (Con-A)-induced suppressor T cells were found to respond to T cell growth factor (TCGF) by proliferation. TCGF abrogated the suppressor activity exerted by these cells on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and alloantigen- induced lymphocyte proliferation and on pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven immunoglobulin secretion. The Con-A-activated suppressor T cells absorbed the TCGF activity, preincubation of these active suppressor cells with TCGF abolished their suppressor activity and addition of increasing numbers of Con-A-activated T cells reverted the abrogator,/ effect of TCGF. Altogether, these findings suggest that Con-A-induced suppressor T cells exert their function by decreasing the available levels of TCGF. Cyclosporin-A (CYA), which is known to inhibit the expression of receptors for TCGF on T cells, also inhibited the suppressor activity as determined in both indicator systems, namely PHA- or alloantigen-induced DNA synthesis and PWM-induced immunoglobulin synthesis. CYA made Con-A-treated T cells unresponsive to TCGF and unable to absorb the growth factor, supporting the notion that CYA inhibits the expression of TCGF receptors on T cells, a mechanism by which this drug seems to abrogate Con-A-induced suppressor T cell function.
AXILLARY VEIN THROMBOSIS IN A BLOOD DONOR
Authors: Paul B. Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Axillary vein thrombosis is not a rare disorder, but the vast majority of recorded cases are of the "effort" type. Other types mentioned in the literature are those complicating heart failure either from stasis or from intravenous administration of mercurial diuretics and those due to obstruction by neoplasms or operative scars. Complications of donating blood are, as a rule, infrequent and usually of small consequence. Those seen oftenest are transient discomfort in the arm from which the blood was withdrawn (10% of 40,000 donors surveyed by Boynton) or simple syncope. Thrombophlebitis of the vein is a rare complication and occurred in only 13 of Boynton's cases. This almost always affects one of the veins of the antecubital fossa but may extend up the arm and down the forearm and, in rare instances, may be of the migratory type involving even the leg veins. In all these cases, infection apparently played
Renal insufficiency retains adverse prognostic implications despite renal function improvement following Total Therapy for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: R Khan, S Apewokin, M Grazziutti, S Yaccoby, J Epstein, F van Rhee, A Rosenthal, S Waheed, S Usmani, S Atrash, S Kumar, A Hoering, J Crowley, J D Shaughnessy, B Barlogie
Journal: Leukemia (2015)

Renal insufficiency (RI) is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma (MM) with negative consequences for patient survival. The improved clinical outcome with successive Total Therapy (TT) protocols was limited to patients without RI. We therefore performed a retrospective analysis of overall survival, progression-free survival and time to progression (TTP) of patients enrolled in TT2 and TT3 in relationship to RI present at baseline and pre-transplant. Glomerular filtration rate was graded in four renal classes (RCs), RC1-RC4 (RC1 ⩾90 ml/min/1.73 m(2), RC2 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m(2), RC3 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and RC4 <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). RC1-3 had comparable clinical outcomes while RC4 was deleterious, even after improvement to better RC after transplant. Among the 85% of patients with gene expression profiling defined low-risk MM, Cox regression modeling of baseline and pre-transplant features, which also took into consideration RC improvement and MM complete response (CR), identified the presence of metaphase cytogenetic abnormalities and baseline RC4 as independent variables linked to inferior TTP post-transplant, while MM CR reduced the risk of progression and TTP by more than 60%. Failure to improve clinical outcomes despite RI improvement suggested MM-related causes. Although distinguishing RC4 from RC<4, 46 gene probes bore no apparent relationship to MM biology or survival.
Lesson of the Week: Addison's disease
Authors: C M Brosnan, N F C Gowing
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease) is a rare disorder in which there is destruction of the adrenal cortex, thus reducing the production of glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and sex steroids.1 2 Most cases are now due to autoimmune disease3 and occur more often in patients with an HLA-DR3 and HLA-B8 tissue type. The disease may be associated with other immune disorders, including thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, pernicious anaemia, hypoparathyroidism, and ovarian failure. We report two fatal cases of autoimmune Addison's disease that were diagnosed only at necropsy.

A 26 year old man was admitted to hospital with a history of two to three days of nausea and vomiting and increasingly frequent watery stools. He had also complained of a sore throat for two to three days, for which his family doctor had prescribed pivampicillin. He had not travelled overseas nor had he eaten any food outside his own home. He worked as a security officer near the Thames but never swam there. He had no previous history of weight loss, abdominal pain, or cardiovascular symptoms nor any important past medical history.

Initial examination showed him to be dehydrated with a temperature of 37.5°C, a pulse rate of 120 beats a minute, and blood pressure of 85/60 mm Hg (with no postural drop). No hyperpigmentation of skin creases or mucous membranes was noted. His tonsillar bed was inflamed. Examination of his abdomen was unremarkable. Haematological investigations gave normal results, in particular sodium 135 mmol/l (normal range 135-150 mmol/l), potassium 5.9 mmol/l (normal range 3.5-5.3 mmol/l), creatinine 233 µmol/l, urea 15.4 mmol/l, and glucose 3.9 mmol/l (normal range 3.0-8.0 mmol/l).

His electrocardiogram showed a sinus tachycardia with a normal axis, voltage, and T waves. A chest x ray picture revealed a normal heart with normal lung fields. Urine analysis and microscopy were …
Professional Football Player Suspensions Re-emphasize Problems of Steroid Abuse
Authors: Virginia S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WITH THE 30-DAY suspensions of 13 players in the National Football League (NFL) who had positive tests for anabolic steroids coming to an end, an examination of their impact is timely. (There were 24 positive steroid tests, but 11 players had already been cut by various teams before the results were announced.) Don Weiss, executive director of the NFL, hopes the message to professional football players will be that the use of anabolic steroids will not be condoned by the league. This is the third year that players have been tested for steroids, but the first time any penalty was attached to their use. Only one preseason drug test of professional football players is allowed under the contract with the NFL Players Association and that test is done at the beginning of training camp. <h3>Facing Further Testing</h3> However, there is a provision for "reasonable cause" testing. The 13 players who
Cellular Antiendotoxin Activities of Lung Surfactant Protein C in Lipid Vesicles
Authors: Luis A. Augusto, Monique Synguelakis, Quentin Espinassous, Michel Lepoivre, Jan Johansson, Richard Chaby
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

The respiratory system is continuously exposed to airborne particles containing lipopolysaccharide. Our laboratory established previously that the hydrophobic surfactant protein C (SP-C) binds to lipopolysaccharide and to one of its cellular receptors, CD14. Here we examined the influence of SP-C, and of a synthetic analog, on some cellular in vitro effects of lipopolysaccharide. When associated with vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, SP-C inhibits the binding of a tritium-labeled lipopolysaccharide to the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Under similar conditions of presentation, SP-C inhibits the mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide on mouse splenocytes, and inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, and of nitric oxide by RAW 264.7 cells. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-alpha production induced by a lipopeptide, and nitric oxide production induced by picolinic acid, were not affected by SP-C. The lipopolysaccharide-binding capacity of SP-C is resistant to peroxynitrite, a known mediator of acute lung injury formed by reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide anions. These results indicate that SP-C may play a role in lung defense; SP-C resists degradation under inflammatory conditions and traps lipopolysaccharide, preventing it from inducing production of noxious mediators in alveolar cells.
Cases of Painful Mamma in Young Girls
Authors: J. H. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1885)

fdna her, and was helped back to bed, sick and faint.She was not Mbn by a medical man for some months afterwards.;Attempts twere made repeatedly to reduce the uterus, which was 'f6und to be coYnipletely inverted; but without success.When I saw h r, she was greatly emaciated, looking worn and very anemic.Tis had been induced by the frequent hsemorrhaae and leucorrhmal discharge, and fiequent vomiting.Her health had become gravely deteriorated.'After some ineffectual attempts at reduction, I gave a dose of opium to allay irritability, and fixed Aveling's repositor, and the uterus cortlected itself during the night.'I removed the instrument the next morninrg.The cup was in the uterus.The curious point in this case is, that two days afterwards, on examiiining the woman, I found the posterior wall bulging in and down; in fact, reinversion was proceeding, niot, as is usually described, by the fundus becoming cup-shaped and tending to come down, but by the bulging of the posterior wall.
Biopsy forceps is inadequate for the resection of diminutive polyps
Authors: M. Efthymiou, A. Taylor, P. Desmond, P. Allen, R. Chen
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

See also: Commentaire de travail de M. Efthymiou et al., pp. 312Endoscopy 2011; 43(04): 463-463DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291795
Macular Degeneration Study
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal