tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE ISOLATED HEART
Authors: Herbert B. Wilcox, E. Cowles Andrus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The isolated hearts of guinea pigs sensitized to horse serum have been shown to react characteristically upon exposure to small amounts of antigen. The cardiac rate is temporarily accelerated and transient alterations in amplitude of contraction are to be observed. Electrocardiographic abnormalities, previously recorded by remote leads during anaphylactic shock in the intact animal, have been recorded by direct leads from the isolated perfused hearts of sensitized animals during this reaction. An additional effect of anaphylaxis in the isolated heart of the guinea pig is reported: a striking reduction in the rate of flow through the coronary vessels. The anaphylactic reaction of the isolated heart of the guinea pig has been compared with the action of histamine upon the same preparation and the effect of atropine upon each has been observed. The implications of certain quantitative differences in the influence of atropine upon these reactions are discussed.
Lymphoscintigraphic Appearance of Scrotal Lymphatic Reflux in a Patient With Idiopathic Genital Lymphedema
Authors: Aysun Sukan, Ozgur Yaycioglu, Mehmet Aydin, A Fuat Yapar, Osman Kizilkilic, Mehmet Reyhan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 25-year-old, single man presented with penile and scrotal swelling and leakage of fluid from his scrotal skin for the last 12 years. On physical examination, the penile and scrotal skin was diffusely thickened as a result of lymphedema. There were multiple lymphangiomas, which caused eruptions and erythema on the scrotum, and the scrotal skin was wet with leaking lymph fluid. He had no history of surgery, radiation therapy, malignancy, or sexually transmitted disease. Lymphoscintigraphy showed abnormal reflux to the scrotum from the inguinal lymphatics. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic genital lymphedema and treated with excision of the involved tissue followed by skin graft reconstruction.
Signs Distinguishing Spasmus Nutans (with and without central nervous system lesions) from Infantile Nystagmus
Authors: Irene Gottlob, Alina Zubcov, Robert A. Catalano, Robert D. Reinecke, Harold P. Koller, Joseph H. Calhoun, Donelson R. Manley
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)
Endoscopic Ligation of Gastric Varices using a Detachable Snare
Authors: T. Yoshida, N. Hayashi, N. Suzumi, S. Miyazaki, S. Terai, T. Itoh, S. Nishimura, T. Noguchi, K. Hino, M. Yasunaga, M. Tada, K. Okita
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

A new technique of endoscopic treatment for gastric varices is presented here, which was applied in 10 patients, either electively (n = 9) or as emergency therapy for bleeding (n = 9) or as emergency therapy for bleeding (n = 1). A detachable snare is placed endoscopically, tightened around the varix, and then detached using a similar principle to that of band ligation. Following one or two treatment sessions (one snare applied in seven cases, two snares applied in three cases), eradication of gastric varices was observed in all patients. No significant complications were encountered, and nine of 13 snares passed spontaneously, the remaining ones being removed when found during follow-up endoscopy. Short-term follow-up (4-12 months, mean: 7.2 months) did not show either reappearance of varices or rebleeding in any of the patients. Angiography and endoscopic ultrasonography performed in four patients before and after treatment showed regression or disappearance of intramural vessels. Further studies will show the relative value of this new technique compared to other treatment modalities such as banding or cyanoacrylate injection.
Audit of admission to medical school: II--Shortlisting and interviews.
Authors: I C McManus, P Richards
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Analysis of shortlisting of applicants for interview at St Mary's Hospital Medical School showed that factor analysis could reduce the selection criteria to three independent scales--"academic ability," "interests," and "community service"--all of which contributed to the interview decision. Early applicants scored more highly on all three factors but were still at a greater advantage in selection for interview than would have been predicted. The dean's judgment of priority for interview from the UCCA form was found to predict a candidate's chance of acceptance at other medical schools besides St Mary's. Analysis of interviewing showed high correlations among interviewers in their assessments, although there was evidence of influence by the chairmen. Factor analysis showed three major factors--academic suitability, non-academic suitability, and health--of which non academic suitability was the major determinant of interview success. Non academic suitability was related to personality (high extraversion and low psychoticism) and to the choices made on the UCCA form. The system of admission interviews enabled greater emphasis to be put on broader interests and achievements than if selection had been on the basis of UCCA application form alone.
This Is Not Your Father’s VA
Authors: Kamal M. F. Itani
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Azotemia, and Death After Allopurinol Therapy
Authors: Gary L. Kantor
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Shortly after initiating therapy with allopurinol, eosinophilia developed in a 72-year-old man along with toxic epidermal necrolysis and renal failure followed by sepsis, pneumonia, and death. Pathological findings revealed degeneration of the epidermis with bullae at the dermalepidermal junction and within the epidermis and also intense immunoglobulin deposits along the glomerular basement membrane.
TCT-110 Smoker’s Paradox: A Statistical Artifact Patient-Level Pooled Analysis of 18 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mayank Yadav, Philippe Genereux, Sorin Brener, Mahesh V. Madhavan, Adriano Caixeta, Ke Xu, Roxana Mehran, Ori Ben-Yehuda, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A SHORT HISTORY OF DERMATOLOGY IN THE LEEDS REGION
Authors: S. T. ANNING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY. THE Leeds region extends from the Pennines in the west to the North Sea where it stretches from Whitby in the north to the Humber in the South. It includes the East Riding, part of the North Riding, York, and the West Riding with the exception of the southern part as Sheffield, Rotherham and Barnsely are in the Sheffield region. The northern and eastern parts, with the exception of Hull, are agricultural. To the west we have the Pennine textile area and the industrial cities of the West Riding and to the south the coal fields. The population of the Leeds region is 3, 190, 170 distributed as shown in the table.
Neuroactive amino acids and glutamate (NMDA) receptors in frontal cortex of rats with experimental acute liver failure
Authors: A Michalak, C Rose, J Butterworth, R F Butterworth
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

It has been proposed that alterations of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure. To evaluate this possibility, in vivo cerebral microdialysis was used to sample extracellular concentrations of amino acids in the frontal cortex of unanesthetized rats at various times during the progression of encephalopathy resulting from acute liver failure. Liver failure was induced by portacaval anastomosis followed 24 hours later by hepatic artery ligation. Dialysate concentrations of amino acids were measured by high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. Deterioration of neurological status was accompanied by two– to four–fold increases in extracellular glutamate, glutamine, and glycine; concentrations of gamma–aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine were unchanged. Densities of binding sites for the glutamate (n–methyl–d–aspartate [NMDA]) receptor ligand 3H–MK801, assessed using quantitative receptor autoradiography, however, were unchanged in the frontal cortex of rats at coma stages of ischemic liver failure. Increased extracellular glutamate concentrations were positively correlated with the severity of encephalopathy and with arterial ammonia concentrations. Such changes may result from an ammonia–induced reduction in the capacity for astrocytes to uptake glutamate. Increased extracellular glutamate in brain, together with increases in concentrations of glycine, a positive allosteric modulator of glutamate (NMDA) receptors, are consistent with increased NMDA–related glutamatergic neurotransmission in this model of acute liver failure. Increased extracellular glutamate, therefore, could contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and brain edema in acute liver failure.
Emergency liver transplantation in fulminant hepatitis
Authors: Marc I. Lorber
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Seven patients with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) cirrhosis underwent liver transplantation. In every case the HDV infection was florid but accompanied by an inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The patients were given anti-HB surface antigen (HBsAg) serum globulins and HBV vaccine. Two patients cleared the HBsAg and the HDV, and are alive and well 14 and 15 months, respectively, after transplantation. HDV infection recurred in the other five patients: hepatitis developed in three, another died, and the fifth was re-transplanted for causes unrelated to viral hepatitis (reinfection was shown by the presence of HD antigen in the graft). Liver transplantation is feasible in patients with HDV disease but involves a high risk of HDV reinfection that cannot be predicted by the virological pattern of the native HBV infection or prevented by conventional HBV prophylaxis. Orthotopic liver transplantation was done in 17 patients with fulminant hepatitis. The cause of the liver disease was infection with hepatitis B virus, or co-infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus, or infection with hepatitis A virus in 6 patients; drug hepatotoxicity in 5; and indeterminate in 6. Grafts from incompatible blood groups, steatotic grafts, or reduced-size grafts were used in 5, 4, and 4 patients, respectively. Of the 17 patients, 5 died: 2 of early liver failure due to the poor quality of the graft, 1 presumably of accidentally transmitted acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, and 2 of decerebration occurring during or immediately after surgery. The 12 other patients were alive 2 to 15 months after transplantation.
The Practice of Nursing in Pediatric Offices — Challenge and Opportunity
Authors: Alfred Yankauer, John P. Connelly, Priscilla Andrews, Jacob J. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The ratio of active nurses to physicians is 35 times as high in hospitals as in physicians' offices although most physicians spend most of their time in office practice. A survey of 90 per cent of the board-certified practicing pediatricians in the United States disclosed that office nurses in all types of practice arrangements performed services that could be more appropriately carried out by technicians and aides. Nurses were infrequently assigned patient-care tasks, although pediatricians were favorably disposed to their delegation. Such tasks were most often delegated by the physician in solo practice employing three or more workers of whom one was a nurse. Consumer demand and dissatisfaction may lead to greater interprofessional sharing of ambulatory patient care, a movement that logic and insight alone have not yet produced.
Relation between Surgical Volume and Incidence of Postoperative Wound Infection
Authors: Bruce F. Farber, Donald L. Kaiser, Richard P. Wenzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Abstract We used a statewide program for the surveillance and reporting of infections acquired in the hospital to examine the relation between volume of surgery and the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Over a 29-month period 25,941 surgical procedures performed at 22 hospitals were studied. For all procedures studied, the mean number of operations performed was directly related to hospital size (number of beds). A highly significant inverse relation was found between the logarithm of the frequency of operation and the infection rate for appendectomy, herniorrhaphy, cholecystectomy, colon resection, and abdominal hysterectomy. (The relation was borderline [P = 0.055] for laminectomy and not significant for cesarean section.) Although these data clearly demonstrate higher morbidity in hospitals performing relatively little surgery, there are several possible explanations, and no conclusions for health policy can yet be drawn. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:200–4.)
Abstract 4568: Rapid assessment of TORC1 suppression predicts responsiveness to RAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF mutant melanoma.
Authors: Ryan B. Corcoran, Stephen M. Rothenberg, Aaron N. Hata, Anthony C. Faber, Daniel Winokur, Adriano Piris, Rosalynn M. Nazarian, Ronald D. Brown, Jason T. Godfrey, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Jeffrey Settleman, Jennifer A. Wargo, Keith T. Flaherty, Daniel A. Haber, Jeffrey A. Engelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The clinical development and potent efficacy of selective RAF and MEK inhibitors has transformed the treatment of the ∼50% of melanoma patients whose tumors harbor BRAF mutations. However, a substantial percentage of these patients fail to respond to therapy, and all who respond eventually develop resistance. We found that suppression of TORC1 activity, as measured by decreases in ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation (P-S6) in response to RAF or MEK inhibitors, was a highly effective predictor of sensitivity in BRAF mutant melanoma cell lines in vitro and in mouse xenografts. TORC1 and P-S6 were suppressed in response to RAF or MEK inhibitors in sensitive but not resistant melanoma cells, despite robust suppression of the MAPK pathway by these inhibitors. Notably, suppression of P-S6 levels, as assessed by immunohistochemistry in paired biopsies obtained from BRAF mutant melanoma patients before and during treatment, was associated with significantly improved progression-free survival. Finally, we show that changes in P-S6 levels specifically in tumor cells can be readily monitored by multiplexed, quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy of fine needle aspiration biopsies obtained from patients before and during the first two weeks of BRAF inhibitor therapy. This provides a minimally invasive means for monitoring the efficacy of treatment in real time, before changes in tumor volume are apparent on traditional radiographs. Together, these results establish changes in P-S6 levels with therapy as a robust biomarker to guide the treatment of patients with BRAF mutant melanoma, and present a powerful methodology for monitoring changes in potentially any signaling pathway in response to therapy in patients. Citation Format: Ryan B. Corcoran, Stephen M. Rothenberg, Aaron N. Hata, Anthony C. Faber, Daniel Winokur, Adriano Piris, Rosalynn M. Nazarian, Ronald D. Brown, Jason T. Godfrey, Mari Mino-Kenudson, Jeffrey Settleman, Jennifer A. Wargo, Keith T. Flaherty, Daniel A. Haber, Jeffrey A. Engelman. Rapid assessment of TORC1 suppression predicts responsiveness to RAF and MEK inhibition in BRAF mutant melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4568. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4568
Blood on the Altar: Confessions of a Jehovah's Witness Minister
Authors: Marianne Mann
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Jehovah's Witnesses The dramatic and compelling title of this book conveys the author's view that the actions of the Jehovah's Witnesses have led thousands to die needlessly after refusing transfusions. While this is an interesting viewpoint with which many may agree, it remains of paramount importance that we assure the inherent right of any individual to decide what is done to his or her own body. Nonetheless, this book provides a valuable perspective on this unique faith, which may be helpful to health care providers who are confronted with the challenges of caring for Jehovah's Witnesses. As a former Jehovah's Witness elder, the author recounts his experience based on 13 years as an insider in the organization. His first-hand knowledge and thorough research provide one with a full appreciation of this fascinating faith. The history of the religion is traced from its Adventist origins with important doctrinal deviations documented along
CHANGES IN ACID-BASE BALANCE OF UREMIC PATIENTS DURING HEMODIALYSIS 1
Authors: John M. Weller, Roy C. Swan, John P. Merrill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

Patients who are acutely or chronically ill with the uremic syndrome are clinically improved fol- lowing the procedure of external hemodialysis.The exact changes responsible for this' improve- ment are not known.It has been shown that dialysis removes retained nitrogenous metabolites and returns disordered serum electrolyte con- centrations toward normal (1).The purpose of this study is to describe more precisely the changes in the acid-base balance present in uremic patients and their modification during hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODSTen patients having renal insufficiency were stttdied.One of these (D.B.) had acute renal failure due to paroxysmal myoglobinemia.On the day prior to he- modialysis, which was carried out on the ninth day of anuria, he was given 10 gms. of sodium bicarbonate in- travenously.The other nine patients had chronic renal insufficiency.One (H.M.) had chronic glomerulonephritis; one (M.K.) had nephrosclerosis, and the others had chronic pyelonephritis.Four patients had received so- dium bicarbonate orally prior to dialysis.Two (M.L. and F. M.) had 3 gms.daily for one week; one (E.C.) had 2 gims.daily for five days, and one (B.L.) had 12.5 gms.daily for three days.Hemodialysis was applied to all patients by means of a modified Kolff-type artificial kidney (2).The dialysate bath in all cases contained per liter of bath 140 mEq.so- dium, 4 mEq.potassium, 2.5 mEq.calcium, and 1.0 mEq.magnesium.In eight cases the bath chloride was 120 mEq.per L. and the bicarbonate 27 mEq.per L., while in two cases (D.B. and D. G.) the chloride was 112 mEq.
Diabetic Complications and Their Prevention or Reversal
Authors: T S Danowski, P Ohlsen, E R Fisher
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Patients with Type I, i.e., insulin-deficient diabetes, Type II or non-insulin-deficient diabetes, and impaired glucose tolerance or so-called chemical diabetes are variably predisposed to develop macroangiopathy, i.e., atherosclerosis, microangiopathy or basement membrane thickening, and neuropathy. Once these morphologic changes appear, they in all probability will remain irreversible even when precise regulation is attained. Hence prevention is the only realistic goal.
Treatment of Haemorrhage from Peptic Ulcer by Continuous Intragastric Milk Drip
Authors: D. W. Ashby, D. Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1955)

fciaily in the present century, Lenhartz (1904) advised feeding with milk and raw eggs from the first day. How ever, many hospitals in this country continued to employ initial starvation until Meulengracht (1934) introduced a further plea for early generous feeding.  It seems doubtful, he wrote,  whether it be particularly expedient to pick out for weakening dietetic measures the very point of time when a patient has lost a con siderable amount of blood and is rather poorly. The 'thirties saw other important therapeutic advances : Marriott and Kekwick (1935) demonstrated the impor tance of adequate transfusion ; Finsterer (1933) made, and Gordon-Taylor (1935) successfully defended, the case for early operation in patients with established ulc?ration and severe haemorrhage, pointing to lower mortalities if the gastrectomy was performed in the first 48 hours. Those tempted to question whether this advice is applicable now the patient has adequate food and transfusion during the first two days should note that Tanner (1951) has proposed, and is at present employing, a return to the Finsterer regime. Recent authors? such as Ogilvie et al. (1952), have stressed the importance of medico-surgical team-work in the manage ment of bleeding ulcers. With what appeared to be steady therapeutic advances in the first half of this century one would have expected a comparable decline in mortality. However, there was a rise during the first quarter of the century. The factors which caused this and led to subsequent confusion were stated by A very Jones (1947) in the Goulstonian Lec tures. Those wishing to learn the pitfalls of drawing conclusions from published mortalities are referred to these lectures.
Developing high quality clinical databases
Authors: N. Black
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Although it is almost 20 years since Arnold Relman heralded the dawning of the “era of assessment and accountability,”1 we still cling largely to a traditional research paradigm based on ad hoc studies. We do this despite well recognised limitations: such studies are expensive, and so only a limited range of interventions have been, and can ever be, investigated; the rapidity with which health technologies evolve means study results may be of no practical value by the time they are obtained; the results are often of uncertain generalisability as they tend to be carried out in atypical settings; the participating clinicians often have little sense of ownership; and small samples restrict the scope for subgroup analyses and thus the practical value of the results.

High quality clinical databases offer an alternative approach, with the potential to bring research closer to practice and audit. The advantages include wide ownership and high generalisability through the …
Survey find racial and ethnic diversity remains low in US pediatric departments
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Although about half of infants born in the United States are now from ethnic minority groups, racial and ethnic diversity among pediatric trainees and pediatric department faculty and leadership remains limited, a new study indicates.

In the study 131 chairs of US pediatric departments were asked to fill out an eight question survey to assess their departments’ efforts to improve diversity among their trainees, faculty, and leadership. The survey was conducted by the Diversity and Inclusion Working Group of the Federation of Pediatric Organizations, which is made up of seven leading US pediatric associations. The results of the study, led by Fernando S Mendoza of Stanford University School …