tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Altitude on Basal Palmar Sweating
Authors: P. C. B. MacKinnon, I. L. MacKinnon, E. S. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Kuno (1934) pointed out that the sweat glands on the palmar surface of the hand are primarily occupied in reflecting emotional changes, during which their output may increase or decrease according to the variety and intensity of the emotion.But the factors which are responsible for palmar sweating under basal conditions, when it is assumed that the emotional state is comparatively constant, are unknown.Variations in basal palmar sweating have been reported in a number of physiological circumstances, and the reports indicate that it diminishes with age (MacKinnon, 1954a), diminishes during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (MacKinnon, 1954b), diminishes in pregnancy (MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1955a), especially during the first and third trimesters (MacKinnon and MacKinnon., 1955b), and diminishes in summer (MacKinnon and MacKinnon, 1956).In each case the authors have felt that the depression in basal sweat output was linked to increased suprarenal activity and that a stress of some sort was responsible.The present investigation owes its inception to the thesis that the stress of living at high altitudes would be reflected in basal palmar sweating.It was designed to measure the effect of high altitude on basal palmar sweating by comparing sweat indices of four people living for a period of 12 days in the Swiss Alps, and, in the following year, for a period of 40 days in the Karakoram of West Pakistan, with their sweat indices in London.MethodsFour mountaineers, three men aged 30-33 and a woman aged 26, all normally resident in London, were
THE TABETIC BLADDER FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE UROLOGIST
Authors: BUDD C. CORBUS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

During the last few years, there have appeared a number of excellent contributions dealing with the secondary changes in the lower urinary tract resulting from the more obscure types of central nervous disease. The careful considerations of Plaggemeyer 1 and others 2 in the management of the urinary conditions resulting from spinal injury have prompted us to undertake a more detailed study of a somewhat similar group of cases. We refer to the diagnostic and prognostic problems associated with the so-called  bladder.  The primary consideration in this class of cases is the earliest possible recognition of any urinary changes which may occur in syphilitic involvement of the nervous system prior to the development of obvious tabetic or ataxic symptoms. The major problem, however, involves an accurate diagnosis is those cases in which the specific tabetic process has become apparently dormant, while the urinary abnormality persists or gradually increases in
Downregulation of c-myc expression by antisense oligonucleotides inhibits proliferation of human smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Y Shi, H G Hutchinson, D J Hall, A Zalewski
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays an important role in vascular pathobiology, being involved in the development of coronary restenosis and atherosclerosis. The activation of nuclear proto-oncogenes appears to be a final common pathway onto which various mitogenic signals coverage. Accordingly, we attempted to determine whether the activation of the c-myc nuclear proto-oncogene is essential for human SMC proliferation and explored the possibility of inhibiting their growth using antisense oligonucleotides directed against c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA). METHODS AND RESULTS Proliferation of human SMCs was associated with an increase in c-myc mRNA expression after growth stimulation. Using 15-mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (oligomers), we tested their growth-inhibitory effect in SMCs in vitro. Antisense oligomers directed against the translation initiation region of the human c-myc gene exhibited a significant antiproliferative effect, whereas sense and mismatched oligomers did not inhibit the growth. The growth-inhibitory effect of c-myc antisense oligomers was dose dependent and preventable by an excess of sense oligomers. Furthermore, growth inhibition of SMCs treated with c-myc antisense oligomers was associated with a marked decrease in the c-myc mRNA level. Phosphorothioate oligomers remained stable in medium containing 20% serum and were detectable in SMCs as early as 1 hour after cell exposure. Intact oligomers rapidly accumulated intracellularly and persisted within human SMCs for at least 16 hours. CONCLUSIONS c-myc antisense oligomers reduced c-myc expression and produced a significant growth inhibition of human SMCs, indicating an important role of c-myc gene activation in the process of SMC proliferation. Furthermore, extracellular stability and rapid cellular uptake provide the basis for future studies assessing the therapeutic role of the c-myc antisense approach in reducing SMC proliferation in the process of vascular restenosis.
Whistleblower abandons his case and resigns from Alder Hey Children's Hospital
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A whistleblowing paediatric surgeon has given up his High Court battle to try to save his job and has resigned with immediate effect four days into an expected five day hearing.

Edwin Jesudason won an injunction last July stopping Alder Hey Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust holding a meeting at which he would have been dismissed. Backed by the BMA, he sought a ruling this month at the High Court in Manchester that the trust could not sack him without first going through the usual NHS conduct or capability …
Food price rises will increase deaths from malnutrition, Swiss foundation warns
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder with complex and unclarified etiological factors. Sex differences have been observed in humans but animal models have only focused on male subjects. In this study, we report the establishment of the neurodevelopmental MAM model of schizophrenia in mice and compare the schizotypic-like characteristics and cognitive function in both sexes. Pregnant mice were injected with 26mg/kg(i.p.) of Methylazoxy-methanol acetate (MAM) or saline (5ml/kg) on gestational day (GD) 16 (MAM-16) or 17 (MAM-17). Behavioral, histological and electrophysiological and mass spectrometry-based comparative proteomic techniques were employed to assess the schizotypic-like characteristics and cognitive function of adult male and female offspring (MAM- or saline-treated). Female MAM-16, but not MAM-17 treated mice exhibited enhanced hyperlocomotion after acute administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, compared to saline treated mice. Male MAM-16, but not MAM-17 treated mice showed decreased pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Both male and female MAM-16 and MAM-17 treated mice exhibited reduced hippocampal (HPC) size and thinning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but only male MAM-16 treated mice showed decreased parvalbumin expression in HPC and PFC. Similarly, both male and female MAM-16 treated mice displayed impaired contextual fear memory, while only male MAM-16 treated mice exhibited deficits in the delayed alternation task. The neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie these cognitive functions were further investigated. Both male and female MAM-16 treated mice had significantly reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the HPC CA1 synapses, while only male MAM-16 treated mice exhibited decreased LTP in the PFC. Proteomic analyses of PFC lysates further showed significant MAM- and sex-dependent differences in regulation of protein expression. Our results demonstrate that while both male and female mice, prenatally exposed to MAM on GD16, display several core schizophrenia-like deficits and impairments in the hippocampus, only male MAM-treated mice have PFC-dependent cognitive deficits.
THE TECHNIQUE OF ABDOMINAL. HYSTERECTOMY.
Authors: J. F. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The abdomen is to be opened in the usual way and by as free an incision as necessary. Free the uterine mass from adhesions as thoroughly as possible, and draw it up into the incision; draw up the most accessible broad ligament and clamp it just outside of the ovary with a long clamp, the point of which is directed obliquely downward toward the cervix; with a short forceps grasp the upper border of the broad ligament near the uterus, so as to prevent recurrent hemorrhage through the ovarian artery; then sever the broad ligament with scissors, along the clamp first applied. The other broad ligament is then, if possible, to be treated in the same way. A peritoneal flap is now made in front, between the tips of the two clamps; this is best done with scissors; as this flap is dissected up, the bladder is carried with it
Nictation, a dispersal behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is regulated by IL2 neurons
Authors: Harksun Lee, Myung-kyu Choi, Daehan Lee, Hye-sung Kim, Hyejin Hwang, Heekyeong Kim, Sungsu Park, Young-ki Paik, Junho Lee
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) expression is induced but peroxisomal enzyme response to clofibrate is blunted in a rat model of fatty liver
Authors: F. Akbiyik, K. Cinar, T. Ozsullu, E. Demirpence, R. Tunca, R. Haziroglu, O. Onder, S. Civris, C. Yurdaydin, O. Uzunalimoglu, H. Bozkaya
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Abstract 2750: Targeted therapy of childhood ALL and Ewing's sarcoma using antiCD19 (antiCD99)-Hybrid Polymerized Liposomal Nanoparticles (HPLN).
Authors: HyungGyoo Kang, Violette Shahbazian, Jon Nagy, Timothy Triche
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Current success in childhood cancer therapy improves the survival rate of patients but unfortunately not all childhood cancers have shown successful survival rates and still many types of childhood cancer continue to have a poor prognosis. Furthermore due to the poor specificity of cancer therapies almost two-third of childhood cancer survivals experience side effects such as secondary cancers, heart or lung damage, infertility or chronic hepatitis. Therefore a reliable, non-toxic high therapeutic window targeted therapy is urgently needed to treat childhood cancer patients. In our study a novel nanoparticle (HPLN) was used for the treatment of childhood ALL and Ewing's sarcoma. The tumor specific monoclonal antibody was conjugated to the PLN into which Doxorubicin was uptaken using active loading method. AntiCD19 and antiCD99 antibodies were used for targeting of ALL and Ewing tumor, respectively. These tumor specific HPLNs effectively inhibit tumor growth in a murine model of ALL and Ewing's sarcoma. Removal of targeting antibody or drug eliminates the antitumor effects, which proves this anticancer effect of HPLN is very specific to the target cancer cells and dependent upon drug. Additionally, no abnormalities in liver and kidney function tests, complete blood counts or pathology of major organs are observed from tail-vein administrations. These data provide strong evidence for the safety and efficacy of this targeted HPLN delivery system of anticancer drugs to childhood cancer. Citation Format: HyungGyoo Kang, Violette Shahbazian, Jon Nagy, Timothy Triche. Targeted therapy of childhood ALL and Ewing's sarcoma using antiCD19 (antiCD99)-Hybrid Polymerized Liposomal Nanoparticles (HPLN). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2750. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2750
POSTOPERATIVE RUPTURE OF ABDOMINAL WOUNDS
Authors: ARNOLD STARR
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The occasional occurrence of postoperative rupture of abdominal wounds warrants a consideration of the factors responsible for its production. This complication may constitute an emergency in the convalescence of patients subjected to laparotomy; therefore, the postoperative course in these cases, the features that suggest the diagnosis, the treatment of rupture once established and the measures aimed at prevention are all matters which merit discussion. An analysis of fifteen cases of laparotomy in which this accident occurred serves as a basis for this report. Obviously the skill and experience of the operator, and the care with which abdominal closures are made, will determine to a great extent the incidence of separations. This complication, however, occasionally will occur in the hands of the most skilled. Available figures that show with what frequency wound ruptures occur in large series of cases seem to be lacking. In our series of 2,455 abdominal operations, definite
Hematopoietic cell transplantation–specific comorbidity index as an outcome predictor for patients with acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: combined FHCRC and MDACC experiences
Authors: Mohamed L. Sorror, Sergio Giralt, Brenda M. Sandmaier, Marcos De Lima, Munir Shahjahan, David G. Maloney, H. Joachim Deeg, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Barry Storer, Rainer Storb
Journal: Blood (2007)
Diagnostic Imaging Procedures in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Morton I. Burrell
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To evaluate the role of intravenous cholangiography (IVC), ultrasound and oral cholecystography in the diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis, 20 patients with acute pancreatitis were studied during the first three days of an attack. The IVC successfully demonstrated the common bile duct and gallbladder in 17 (85%) of 20 patients. The ultrasound studies showed the gallbladder in all 18 patients in whom the gallbladder was present. The common duct was not seen by ultrasound in any patient and the pancreas was abnormal in all patients. In the three patients with gallbladder stones these were identified on both IVC and ultrasound. Common duct stones in three patients were seen only by IVC (two of these patients had concurrent gallbladder stones and one after cholecystectomy). Oral cholecystography was of limited usefulness, although the 50% visualization rate was higher than the literature suggests. (<i>JAMA</i>242:342-343, 1979)
Increase in functional activity rather than in amount of Gi- in failing human heart with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: L.-X. Fu, Q.-M. Liang, F. Waagstein, J. Hoebeke, C. Sylven, E Jansson, P Sotonyi, A. Hjalmarson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

The aim was to investigate whether or not increased pertussis toxin catalysed ADP ribosylation correlates with increased amount of Gi-α in failing human heart. Design: Antisera raised against unique synthetic peptides corresponding to α subunits of Gs and Gi 1-3 were used in immunoblotting and elisa to determine amounts of various G proteins. Adenylyl cyclase activity, β adrenoceptors, and muscarinic receptors were then measured in cardiomyopathic hearts (n=6) obtained at transplant in order to study whether or not an altered expression of G proteins has relevance to the integrity and function of the receptor – adenylyl cyclase system. Six non-failing control hearts were also studied. Results: No significant differences in the peptide equivalent amounts of either Gs or Gi were found in the failing human heart as compared to the non-failing heart. However, functional activity of Gi was shown to increase significantly since there was a decrease in basal (57%), isoprenaline stimulated (60%), and guanyliminodiphosphate stimulated (52%) adenylyl cyclase activity. In contrast the density of β adrenoceptors was markedly decreased (51%) in failing human heart in comparison to non-failing hearts. Neither the density nor the affinity of muscarinic receptors changed in the failing human heart. Conclusion: These results suggest that in the failing human heart, there is an increase in functional activity rather than in amount of Gi, and an important part of functional expression of Gi-a may be regulated at the post-translational level. Cardiovascular Research 1992;26:950–955
Delayed hepatocellular carcinoma model for end‐stage liver disease exception score improves disparity in access to liver transplant in the United States
Authors: Julie K. Heimbach, Ryutaro Hirose, Peter G. Stock, David P. Schladt, Hui Xiong, Jiannong Liu, Kim M. Olthoff, Ann Harper, Jon J. Snyder, Ajay K. Israni, Bertram L. Kasiske, W. Ray Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

The current system granting liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) additional Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) points is controversial due to geographic disparity and uncertainty regarding optimal prioritization of candidates. The current national policy assigns a MELD exception score of 22 immediately upon listing of eligible patients with HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of delays in granting these exception points on transplant rates for HCC and non‐HCC patients. We used Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data and liver simulated allocation modeling software and modeled (1) a 3‐month delay before granting a MELD exception score of 25, (2) a 6‐month delay before granting a score of 28, and (3) a 9‐month delay before granting a score of 29. Of all candidates waitlisted between January 1 and December 31, 2010 (n = 28,053), 2773 (9.9%) had an HCC MELD exception. For HCC candidates, transplant rates would be 108.7, 65.0, 44.2, and 33.6 per 100 person‐years for the current policy and for 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month delays, respectively. Corresponding rates would be 30.1, 32.5, 33.9, and 34.8 for non‐HCC candidates. Conclusion : A delay of 6‐9 months would eliminate the geographic variability in the discrepancy between HCC and non‐HCC transplant rates under current policy and may allow for more equal access to transplant for all candidates. (H epatology 2015;61:1643–1650)
Cannabidiol and Electroencephalographic Epileptic Activity
Authors: Mario Perez-Reyes
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The search for an effective, nontoxic, anticonvulsant agent has been going on for many years. Several investigators have found that tetrahydrocannabinols have anticonvulsant effects in animals.<sup>1,2</sup>Of special interest was the finding that cannabidiol and cannabinol were potent agents in preventing and protecting mice and rats from audiogenic or electrically induced seizures.<sup>3,4</sup> We hypothesized that the demonstration of a significant reduction of abnormal electroencephalographic activity by cannabidiol in epileptic patients would be an indication of clinical anticonvulsant effect, a finding that would be of therapeutic importance particularly because cannabidiol has no psychological or cardiovascular effects when given intravenously to humans.<sup>5</sup> We wish to report the results of the intravenous infusion of cannabidiol on the electroencephalographic activity of an epileptic patient. He was a 24-year-old man suffering from centrencephalic epilepsy characterized by symmetrical spike and wave electroencephalographic activity appearing only under light sleep. The patient's
Molecular imaging of hepatic stellate cell activity by visualization of hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression with SPECT in rat
Authors: Feng Li, Zhengji Song, Qinghua Li, Jian Wu, Jiyao Wang, Cao Xie, Chuantao Tu, Jian Wang, Xiaowei Huang, Weiyue Lu
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The key factors in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis are the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which express integrin αvβ3 after activation. This study aimed to explore the potential of 99mTc-labeled cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid pentapeptide (cRGD) as a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracer to image hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression to reflect HSC activity in fibrotic livers. Rat models of liver fibrosis caused by thioacetamide or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment were employed to examine the expression and distribution of integrin αvβ3 during fibrotic progression or regression. The binding activity of radiolabeled cRGD to integrin αvβ3 was assessed in liver sections. SPECT was performed to determine hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression in rats with different stages of liver fibrosis. Protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of integrin αv and β3 subunits were increased with the progression of liver fibrosis and reduced with its regression. The cell type that expressed the majority of integrin αvβ3 in fibrotic livers was found to be activated HSCs. The cRGD binding to activated HSCs displayed a high receptor-coupling affinity and an abundant receptor capacity. Iodine-125 (125I)-labeled cRGD bound to fibrotic liver sections and the binding activity was the highest in advanced fibrosis. Intravenously administered carboxyfluorescein-labeled cRGD was accumulated in fibrotic liver, and the accumulation amount was increased with the progression and reduced with the regression of fibrosis. A SPECT imaging study with 99mTc-labeled cRGD as a tracer demonstrated that the radioactivity ratio of liver to heart increased progressively along with severity of hepatic fibrosis. Conclusion: Hepatic integrin αvβ3 expression in fibrotic liver reflects HSC activity and its imaging using 99mTc-labeled cRGD as a SPECT radiotracer may distinguish different stages of liver fibrosis in rats. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
More units dedicated to women presenting with miscarriage are needed
Authors: S. Logan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—Luis et al report that most women with miscarriage choose expectant management and that over 80% will require no surgical intervention.1 Their population was monitored for up to 46 days, with 60% of all miscarriages and 72% of missed or anembryonic pregnancies requiring follow up for over one week. They conclude that as complications were minimal patients should be encouraged to persevere with expectant management. These results look promising, but two important issues—the role of the dedicated miscarriage unit and infective …
Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease and Progressive Renal Failure
Authors: Jeffrey M. Rimmer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To evaluate information on the prevalence and rate of progression of atherosclerotic renovascular disease and the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on this process, with the goal of developing a rational approach to the diagnosis and management of this disorder. Data Sources: Relevant articles were identified from the authors' files and from MEDLINE searches. Additional references were obtained from the bibliographies of identified articles. Study Selection: Virtually no controlled prospective studies have been reported. The articles presented are primarily retrospective analyses and include those that provide sufficient information about the incidence or progression of renovascular disease and about the outcome and mortality rate associated with various treatments, to allow evaluation. Data Extraction: For the outcomes of interest, data from individual reports are presented in tabular form, the results summed, and averages obtained. Results: Atherosclerotic renovascular disease, in many cases involving both renal arteries, is a common finding in patients older than 50 years, particularly those with diffuse atherosclerotic vascular disease. Hypertension is not a particularly sensitive indicator of this disease (almost one half are not hypertensive). The disease progresses and may account for 5% to 15% of all patients developing end-stage renal disease each year. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition may damage ischemic renal tissue, but this is counterbalanced by beneficial effects of this therapy. Once end-stage renal disease is present, mortality rates are high despite dialysis support (> 50% over 3 years). Both surgery and angioplasty can preserve or improve renal function and may delay or prevent the need for dialysis therapy. These invasive procedures may have lower rates of morbidity and mortality than the so-called conservative approach of dialysis therapy when renal failure develops. Conclusions: Given available information, diagnosis and intervention should be considered seriously in patients at high risk for renovascular disease who have clearly progressing renal insufficiency. Prospective trials are needed, however, to determine the costs and benefits of each approach to treatment in all patients with renovascular disease and renal insufficiency.