tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Neuropathy
Authors: G. W. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Loss and Gain in Burns SIR,-Your leader "Loss and Gain in Bums " (31 October, p. 1090) draws attention once again to insensible water loss through a burn at the eschar stage.Although some thougist and investigation has gone into this problem, notably by Carl Moyer' in the United States, Burch and Winsor' as early as 1944 had demonstrated that loss of the stratum corneum resulted in a gross increase in the diffusion rate of water through the denuded surface.The eschar, although acting as the protective umbrella so far as organisms are concerned, is positively useless as a protection against water loss.We are currently engaged on a series of investigations, the results of which we intend to publish shortly, in which by means of an instrument specially devised for the purpose we will be able to measure directly the minute losses through small areas of eschar at different times during the healing phase.It will then be possible to calculate the precise amount of water loss for the particular bum in question at any given time.We hope by our results, therefore, to be able to be in a position where active resuscita- tive measures no longer cease with eschar formation but instead the fluid intake is accurately augmented during the first four to five days of the eschar phase of healing in conformity with the insensible loss.-Iam, etc.
Prognostic Value of CpG Island Hypermethylation at PTGS2, RAR-beta, EDNRB, and Other Gene Loci in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Patrick J. Bastian, Jörg Ellinger, Lukas C. Heukamp, Philip Kahl, Stefan C. Müller, Alexander von Rücker
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Tumor Immunology
Authors: Charles H. Kirkpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE RESULTS of experiments in laboratory animals clearly demonstrate that tumor tissues transplanted between rodents possessing identical histocompatibility antigens can lead to immunologic rejection of the tumor. This has led many investigators to propose that tumors, including spontaneously occurring tumors in man, must result, at least in part, from failure of the immune response of the host to recognize and subsequently destroy cells bearing tumor antigens. This concept of immune surveillance has been invoked as a major mechanism for eradication of spontaneously arising tumor cells in otherwise normal persons, and as an explanation for the exceptionally high incidence of tumors in patients with immune deficiency syndromes and recipients of immunosuppressive therapy. In applying the hypothesis that arose from observations in animal systems to the cancers that afflict man, the following points must be kept in mind. In most experiments, it has been necessary to sensitize the recipient animals with dead
Cytogenetic monitoring in a population occupationally exposed to pesticides in Ecuador.
Authors: César Paz-y-Miño, Gabriela Bustamante, María Eugenia Sánchez, Paola E Leone
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We analyzed the incidence of structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in workers of a plantation of flowers located in Quito, Ecuador, in South America. This study included 41 individuals occupationally exposed to 27 pesticides, some of which are restricted in many countries and are classified as extremely toxic by the World Health Organization; among these are aldicarb and fenamiphos. The same number of individuals of the same age, sex, and geographic area were selected as controls. Workers exposed to these pesticides showed an increased frequency of CA compared with control group (20.59% vs. 2.73%; p < 0.001). We conclude that screening for CA is an adequate biomarker for evaluating and detecting genotoxicity resulting from exposure to pesticides. Levels of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase were also determined as a complementary metabolic study. Levels below the optimal (> 28 U/mL blood) were found in 88% of exposed individuals; this clearly shows the effect of organophosphate pesticides. When comparing the levels of acetylcholinesterase and structural CA frequencies, there was a negative linear correlation (r = 0.416; p < 0.01). We conclude that by using both analyses it may be possible to estimate damage produced by exposure to organophosphate pesticides.
New medical needs: The stay ill card
Authors: M. B Kapp
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Several of my good friends and colleagues have been diagnosed with chronic illnesses over the past few years. Among other things, their maladies include cancer, heart disease, arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and permanent injury sustained in accidents. As the world's population continues to age and medical science is able to cure acute illnesses and manage chronic diseases, I am likely to be faced with more friends with a condition that is unlikely to be fatal but will never go away completely …
Induction of prostacyclin biosynthesis is closely associated with increased guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in cultured human endothelium.
Authors: A F Brotherton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Stimuli of prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis such as thrombin, bradykinin, histamine, and A23187 increase guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in primary monolayer cultures of human umbilical vein endothelium by about twofold. This effect is dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Increases of about tenfold are observed when cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity is inhibited, which suggests that the observed increases in cyclic GMP involve the activation of guanylate cyclase. Activation of guanylate cyclase appears to involve an early event in the induction of PGI2 biosynthesis, as neither arachidonic acid nor its metabolites stimulate cyclic GMP accumulation. Although activators of guanylate cyclase such as atriopeptin III, sodium nitroprusside, and tert-butylhydroperoxide increase cyclic GMP levels by approximately 2-3-fold, they do not stimulate or modulate PGI2 production. We conclude that cyclic GMP does not play a primary role in mediating the induction or regulation of PGI2 biosynthesis in vascular endothelium.
296. Effective Suppression of Breast Cancer by Downregulation of VEGF Signaling
Authors: Yi Lu, Jun Zhang, Derrick J. Beech, Lisa K. Jennings
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Blocking tumor angiogenesis may be an effective approach to suppress tumor metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis. The degree of tumor malignancy correlates with the expression of VEGF and the inverse expression of tumor suppressor gene p16. To examine whether p16 decreases VEGF gene expression and inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer cells, human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and mouse breast cancer cell line JygMC(A) were used as models for studies. To facilitate induction of p16 expression, a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus expressing human wild-type p16 (AdRSVp16) has been generated. Our study showed that adenoviral-mediated p16 expression downregulated VEGF expression and VEGF receptor activation in breast cancer cells. AdRSVp16 inhibited in vitro cell growth of MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and JygMC(A) at 50.4%, 58.3% and 38.5%, respectively, attenuated in vivo angiogenesis induced by MDA-MB-231 cells in Matrigel plug assay and in a dorsal air sac model, and had a 53% reduction of metastases of JygMC(A) in nude mice after subcutaneous injection when compared to control group. In addition, the effects of p16 on expression of proliferation marker PCNA, neovascularization marker CD31 and apoptosis inside the tumors were also analyzed. These results demonstrate that p16 downregulates VEGF gene expression, inhibits angiogenesis, and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer cells. This study suggests that viral vector-based p16 gene therapy may have clinical potentials to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis.
British Nutrition Foundation replies
Authors: A. Shenkin, P. Hebblethwaite, J. Buttriss
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Chamberlain attacks the governance and reputation of the British Nutrition Foundation in his feature article.1

To ensure integrity and independence, the British Nutrition Foundation has developed a rigorous structure of governance that is also followed by many other organisations. It entails a board of trustees, a council, and scientific committees that are purposely weighted towards independent …
Effects of dobutamine on oxygen consumption in septic patients. Direct versus indirect determinations.
Authors: D De Backer, J J Moraine, J Berre, R J Kahn, J L Vincent
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Dobutamine has been proposed as a means of disclosing a pathologic oxygen supply (DO2) dependency in critically ill patients. Like other catecholamines, however, dobutamine might increase cellular metabolism, so that oxygen consumption (VO2) would increase regardless of the presence or absence of a supply dependency. This study investigated the effects of graded doses of dobutamine on VO2 in stable, septic patients. Since it has been suggested that the use of reverse Fick equation to determine VO2 can induce a spurious VO2/DO2 dependency owing to a mathematical coupling of data, we determined VO2 both by respiratory gas analysis (VO2DIR) and from the reverse Fick equation (VO2INDIR). In 12 adult patients with signs of sepsis but an otherwise stable hemodynamic status (normal blood lactate levels, and no change in vasoactive drugs or fluid administration for at least 2 h), a dobutamine infusion was administered at a dose of up to 10 micrograms/kg/min in increments of 2 micrograms/kg/min every 10 min. Complete hemodynamic and gas measurements were obtained at baseline, at each dose of dobutamine, and 20 min after discontinuation of the infusion. All of the measured parameters were similar at baseline and after discontinuation of the dobutamine infusion. Dobutamine induced a dose-related increase in the cardiac index (from 3.84 +/- 0.97 to 6.19 +/- 1.56 L/min/m2, p < 0.01) and DO2 (from 501 +/- 123 to 801 +/- 219 ml/min/m2, p < 0.01). Both VO2DIR and VO2INDIR increased, from 161 +/- 37 to 183 +/- 40 ml/min/m2 and from 140 +/- 29 to 168 +/- 42 ml/min/m2, respectively (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Freud and Medicine
Authors: Carl A. L. Binger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IF all the words spoken in praise of Freud on the hundredth anniversary of his birth were recorded on a tape it would reach to the pole star. I hesitate to add to their numbers. I have, moreover, no special qualifications for speaking of him. I never knew Freud. To be sure, I have come under the influence of some of his disciples, but I am already three generations removed from the original progenitor, and in three generations a stock can become greatly modified, and spontaneous mutations can occur. It is not my purpose either to praise Freud or to . . .
Topical Capsaicin in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: Effect on Sensory Function
Authors: Rup Tandan, Gloria A Lewis, Gary B Badger, Timothy J Fries
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –To examine the effect of capsaicin on sensory function in painful diabetic neuropathy. Research Design and Methods –We examined the effects of topical 0.075% capsaicin cream on thermal and vibration thresholds in 22 subjects with painful diabetic neuropathy who participated in a double-blind vehicle-controlled therapeutic trial. Results –After 8 wk of use, there was no significant change in warm and vibration thresholds, but the cold threshold was significantly reduced by capsaicin and vehicle creams to an equal degree. In fewer subjects who used capsaicin cream in an open-label study, there was no significant effect on sensory thresholds after up to 32 wk of use. Conclusions –Although our results and those of others show no adverse effects of topical 0.075% capsaicin on human sensory function, even in subjects with preexisting neuropathic sensory impairment, the small number of subjects tested does not justify an inferential statement on safety. Further studies in more subjects are warranted to ensure the long-term safety of capsaicin for pain relief in humans.
Screening for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Bruce L. Ring
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Magee et al<sup>1</sup>recommend wider use of the modified criteria of Carpenter and Coustan<sup>2</sup>for the diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism are likely a continuum, however, requiring treatment of some patients with lesser degrees of intolerance at the expense of others not requiring therapy. Langer et al<sup>3</sup>recommend therapy for those with one abnormal value on the 3-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) using the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) values, since this group had an adverse perinatal outcome if left untreated. In comparison with those with a normal 1-hour glucose screen, Leiken et al<sup>4</sup>noted a significantly higher frequency of macrosomia in those with an abnormal 1-hour glucose screening test though their 3-hour tests were "normal" by the modified criteria. Included in this normal group and not analyzed separately, however, were 16.8% of the study patients
Third chronological supplement to the carcinogenic potency database: standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1986 and by the National Toxicology Program through June 1987.
Authors: L S Gold, T H Slone, G M Backman, S Eisenberg, M Da Costa, M Wong, N B Manley, L Rohrbach, B N Ames
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

This paper is the third chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database that first appeared in this journal in 1984. We report here results of carcinogenesis bioassays published in the general literature between January 1985 and December 1986, and in Technical Reports of the National Toxicology Program between June 1986 and June 1987. This supplement includes results of 337 long-term, chronic experiments of 121 compounds, and reports the same information about each experiment in the same plot format as the earlier papers, e.g., the species and strain of animal, the route and duration of compound administration, dose level, and other aspects of experimental protocol, histopathology, and tumor incidence, TD50 (carcinogenic potency) and its statistical significance, dose response, opinion of the author about carcinogenicity, and literature citation. The reader needs to refer to the 1984 publication for a guide to the plot of the database, a complete description of the numerical index of carcinogenic potency, and a discussion of the sources of data, the rationale for the inclusion of particular experiments and particular target sites, and the conventions adopted in summarizing the literature. The four plots of the database are to be used together as results published earlier are not repeated. In all, the four plots include results for approximately 4000 experiments on 1050 chemicals. Appendix 14 of this paper is an alphabetical index to all chemicals in the database and indicates which plot(s) each chemical appears in. A combined plot of all results from the four separate papers, that is ordered alphabetically by chemical, is available from the first author, in printed form or on computer tape or diskette.
Dementia and Hypoglycemic Episodes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alex J. Graveling, Brian M. Frier
Journal: JAMA (2009)

To the Editor: Dr Whitmer and colleagues reported a relationship between severe hypoglycemia and incident dementia in a large cohort of older people with type 2 diabetes. Although severe hypoglycemia may cause permanent cognitive impairment, the results of this study should be viewed with caution. It seems unlikely that a single episode of severe neuroglycopenia could increase the risk of dementia by 50%. Premorbid cognitive ability was assessed solely by educational attainment. Intellectually able people with diabetes may compensate for declining cognition and be less susceptible to the development of hypoglycemia. Vascular dementia is more common in people with lower cognitive ability and may confound a putative association with hypoglycemia. Cerebrovascular disease may both cause dementia and enhance the risk of hypoglycemia. Although the results were adjusted for the most overt diagnoses of stroke, which have a prevalence in the general population of 2% to 3%, no adjustment was made for subclinical cerebrovascular disease, which has a prevalence of around 18%. Other important confounding variables that were not excluded were a history of alcoholism, epilepsy, psychiatric illness, and head injury. Because the analysis did not adjust for many confounding factors, it was more likely to predict an association between hypoglycemia and dementia. Most severe hypoglycemia is treated in the community, and while 30% of people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes require emergency assistance, very few are treated in the hospital. By contrast, hospital inpatient hypoglycemia has many causes, with renal insufficiency, malnutrition, sepsis, and liver disease being prominent factors often occurring in seriously ill people. In the study by Whitmer et al, episodes of severe hypoglycemia were identified retrospectively from coded entries in electronic hospital databases, which are frequently inaccurate. This may account for the surprising finding that 7.7% of those treated in the hospital for severe hypoglycemia had diet-controlled diabetes. Accurate measurement of the incidence of severe hypoglycemia in a diabetic population requires prospective recording; during this longitudinal study, most (unrecorded) hypoglycemic events in this cohort of patients would have occurred in thecommunity.Relianceonretrospective recordsofhospitaltreated hypoglycemia may have introduced selection bias, identifying people least able to self-manage diabetes and therefore most prone to severe hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the potential effects of changes in treatment modalities and of other comorbidities (such as hypertension) during the period of assessment have not been evaluated. Alex J. Graveling, MBChB, MRCP Brian M. Frier, BSc, MD, FRCP brian.frier@luht.scot.nhs.uk Department of Diabetes Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Endocannabinoid signaling at the periphery: 50 years after THC
Authors: Mauro Maccarrone, Itai Bab, Tamás Bíró, Guy A. Cabral, Sudhansu K. Dey, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Justin C. Konje, George Kunos, Raphael Mechoulam, Pal Pacher, Keith A. Sharkey, Andreas Zimmer
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2015)
Outcomes of a Trial of HIV-1 Immunogen in Patients With HIV Infection
Authors: Donald M. Poretz
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Radioisotopic Differentiation of Acute Tubular Necrosis from Rejection in Clinical Renal Transplantation.
Authors: Kenneth A. McKusick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973The Radioisotopic Differentiation of Acute Tubular Necrosis from Rejection in Clinical Renal Transplantation.Kenneth A. McKusick, M.D., Peter T. Kirchner, M.D., Leon Malmud, M.D., Melville Williams, M.D., Henry N. Wagner Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., T. K. NatarajanKenneth A. McKusick, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Peter T. Kirchner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leon Malmud, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Melville Williams, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Henry N. Wagner Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, T. K. NatarajanSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-827_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA fall in renal blood flow has been shown to be one of the earliest pathophysiologic signs of renal graft rejection. Computer-assisted regional quantitation of serial gamma camera images of the kidney, after intravenous injection of 10 mCi 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid, provides both an accurate measure of renal blood transit time and a quantitative index of total renal blood flow.Radioactivity over abdominal aorta and the transplant was continuously recorded with a gamma camera onto magnetic tape, in consecutive 3-sec intervals for the first minute. After light pen selection of regions of interest from the serial images, time activity curves were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 827-827KeywordsAortaFallsIntravenous injectionsKidneysNecrosisRenal circulationRenal transplantation Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...