tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Phase I Open-Label, Dose-Escalation, Multi-Institutional Trial of Injection with an E1B-Attenuated Adenovirus, ONYX-015, into the Peritumoral Region of Recurrent Malignant Gliomas, in the Adjuvant Setting
Authors: E. Antonio Chiocca, Khalid M. Abbed, Stephen Tatter, David N. Louis, Fred H. Hochberg, Fred Barker, Jean Kracher, Stuart A. Grossman, Joy D. Fisher, Kathryn Carson, Mark Rosenblum, Tom Mikkelsen, Jeff Olson, James Markert, Steven Rosenfeld, L. Burt Nabors, Steven Brem, Surasak Phuphanich, Scott Freeman, Rick Kaplan, James Zwiebel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

ONYX-015 is an oncolytic virus untested as a treatment for malignant glioma. The NABTT CNS Consortium conducted a dose-escalation trial of intracerebral injections of ONYX-015. Cohorts of six patients at each dose level received doses of vector from 107 plaque-forming units (pfu) to 1010 pfu into a total of 10 sites within the resected glioma cavity. Adverse events were identified on physical exams and testing of hematologic, renal, and liver functions. Efficacy data were obtained from serial MRI scans. None of the 24 patients experienced serious adverse events related to ONYX-015. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached at 1010 pfu. The median time to progression after treatment with ONYX-015 was 46 days (range 13 to 452 + days). The median survival time was 6.2 months (range 1.3 to 28.0 + months). One patient has not progressed and 1 patient showed regression of interval-increased enhancement. With more than 19 months of follow-up, 1/6 recipients at a dose of 109 and 2/6 at a dose of 1010 pfu remain alive. In 2 patients who underwent a second resection 3 months after ONYX-015 injection, a lymphocytic and plasmacytoid cell infiltrate was observed. Injection of ONYX-015 into glioma cavities is well tolerated at doses up to 1010 pfu.
MITRAL REGURGITATION AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PREDICTS INCREASED MEDICAL COSTS AND DECREASED QUALITY OF LIFE: ANALYSIS OF THE VALIANT (VALSARTAN IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION) TRIAL
Authors: Daniel William Mudrick, Shelby D. Reed, Yanhong Li, John JV McMurray, Lars Kober, Robert M. Califf, Eldrin F. Lewis, Scott D. Solomon, Eric J. Velazquez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Babesiosis in man: a case from Scotland.
Authors: J H Entrican, H Williams, I A Cook, W M Lancaster, J C Clark, L P Joyner, D Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1979)

for peptic ulcer, and the three patients in our study who had undergone vagotomy and drainage or gastric resection all needed frequent dilatations during both placebo and cimetidine treatment periods.Since our results show that cimetidine benefits oesophagitis, however, it seems reasonable to hope that a longer period of treatment might lessen the need for dilatation.We are indebted to Dr P D James for the histopathological reports, and to Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd for the placebo and cimetidine tablets.
Circumcision and HIV Prevention Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Sten H. Vermund, Han-Zhu Qian
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Investigation of the Physiological Basis for Increased Exercise Threshold for Angina Pectoris after Physical Conditioning
Authors: David N. Sim, William A. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Eight patients with coronary heart disease and exertional angina pectoris successfully completed an 11-15 wk program of endurance exercise conditioning. Angina threshold was determined by upright bicycle ergometer exercise and by atrial pacing. The product of heart rate and arterial systolic blood pressure at the exercise angina threshold was higher after conditioning. suggesting that conditioning increased the maximum myocardial O(2) supply during exercise. However, when angina was induced by atrial pacing, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, coronary blood flow, and myocardial O(2) consumption at the angina threshold were the same before and after conditioning. Myocardial lactate extraction during atrial pacing was abnormal in the same five patients before and after conditioning. Conditioning caused no detectable changes in coronary collaterals as judged by coronary arteriograms. The increase in exercise angina threshold appeared to be due to a functional adaptation in either myocardial O(2) supply or the relationship between hemodynamic work and myocardial O(2) consumption. The adaptation was limited to exercise, and did not occur during a different stress to myocardial O(2) supply, atrial pacing.
Human cancer risk from ingested asbestos: a problem of uncertainty.
Authors: W J Nicholson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

EffectsAlthough studies of populations exposed to high concentrations of asbestos fibers in drinking water appear attractive as research opportunities to define an asbestos-related risk, they are un- likely to provide a definitive answer to the question of whether asbestos in drinking water is associated with an elevated risk of malignancy.Consider, for example, a hypothetical 10-yr anal- ysis of the deaths in a city of 1 million persons whose water supply is contaminated with 100 million fibers per liter (f/L) (a gross overestimate of any real situation).From the estimates in the asbestos criteria document (1), ingestion of this water over a 70-yr period would give rise to an added risk of death 3.3 x 10-3 per person.Tb estimate the number of asbestos-related deaths in this population, using the above risk data, assume that the average residence time of those deceased in the contaminated area is 14 yr and that the distribution of residence times follows an exponential function, exp {t/14}.This distribution will certainly overestimate residence times compared with actual populations.Nearly half the census tracts in the U.S. EPA-sponsored San Francisco study, for example, showed more than 53% of the residents moving within 5 yr (2).Assume also that 7 yr is required for the risk of asbestos malignancy to manifest itself, as is the case for lung cancer.(See Fig. 1 for the expression of the relative risk of lung cancer in insulators.)This would appear to be so for gastrointestinal cancer (Fig. 2), but will lead to significant overes- timates of risk for peritoneal mesothelioma be- cause most such tumors do not appear until after 30 yr or more from first exposure.Approximately
Abstract IA5-2: Evolutionary games in cancer therapy
Authors: Robert Gatenby
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A number of successful systemic therapies are available for treatment of disseminated cancers. However, tumor response to these treatments is almost invariably transient and therapy fails due to emergence of resistant populations. The latter reflects the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment as well as the evolutionary capacity of cancer phenotypes to adapt to therapeutic perturbations. Interestingly, although cancers are highly dynamic systems, cancer therapy is typically administered according to a fixed, linear protocol. Treatment is changed only when the tumor progresses but successful tumor adaptation begins immediately upon administration of the first dose. Applying evolutionary models to cancer therapy demonstrate the potential advantage of using more dynamic, strategic approaches that focus not just on the initial cytotoxic effects of treatment but also on the evolved mechanisms of cancer cell resistance and the associated phenotypic costs. The goal of evolutionary therapy is to prevent or exploit emergence of adaptive tumor strategies. Examples of this approach include adaptive therapy and double bind therapy. The former continuously alters therapy to maintain a stable tumor volume using a persistent population of therapy-sensitive cells to suppress proliferation of resistant phenotypes. The latter uses the cytotoxic effects of an initial therapy to promote phenotypic adaptations that are then exploited using follow-on treatment. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):IA5-2.
Severe Necrotizing Cutaneous Lesions Complicating Treatment with Interferon Beta-1b
Authors: William A. Sheremata, J. Richard Taylor, George W. Elgart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: On the basis of a prospective study, Fuchs and colleagues (Dec.22 issue) 1 estimate that the relative risk of colorectal cancer is 5.37 for people younger than 45 years of age who have one or more affected first-degree relatives.In an attempt to identify families with colon cancer, we have obtained detailed information on family history from 17 unselected patients with very-early-onset colon cancer (onset at the age of 39 or younger) through the records of the tumor registry of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal.None of the patients were from families with polyposis syndromes.Among the 129 first-degree relatives of these 17 patients, 6 reportedly had colon cancer.On the basis of incidence rates for the population of Quebec, there was only 1.0 case expected in this group (P Ͻ 0.01).The observed relative risk of 6.0, which is similar to that reported by Fuchs et al., is equivalent to a lifetime risk of 23 percent.We believe that these data strongly support the recommendation by Fuchs et al. that all first-degree relatives of patients with early-onset colon cancer be offered genetic assessment and regular screening by colonoscopy.
Violent Reinjury and Mortality Among Youth Seeking Emergency Department Care for Assault-Related Injury
Authors: Rebecca M. Cunningham, Patrick M. Carter, Megan Ranney, Marc A. Zimmerman, Fred C. Blow, Brenda M. Booth, Jason Goldstick, Maureen A. Walton
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

IMPORTANCEViolence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among youth, with more than 700 000 emergency department (ED) visits annually for assault-related injuries.The risk for violent reinjury among high-risk, assault-injured youth is poorly understood.OBJECTIVE To compare recidivism for violent injury and mortality outcomes among drug-using, assault-injured youth (AI group) and drug-using, non-assault-injured control participants (non-AI group) presenting to an urban ED for care.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were enrolled in a prospective cohort study from December 2, 2009, through September 30, 2011, at an urban level I ED and followed up for 24 months.We administered validated measures of violence and substance use and mental health diagnostic interviews and reviewed medical records at baseline and at each point of follow-up (6, 12, 18, and 24 months).EXPOSURE Follow-up over 24 months.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Use of ED services for assault or mortality measured from medical record abstraction supplemented with self-report. RESULTSWe followed 349 AI and 250 non-AI youth for 24 months.Youth in the AI group had almost twice the risk for a violent injury requiring ED care within 2 years compared with the non-AI group (36.7% vs 22.4%; relative risk [RR], 1.65 [95% CI, 1.25-2.14];P < .001).Two-year mortality was 0.8%.Poisson regression modeling identified female sex (RR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.02-1.65]),assault-related injury (RR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.19-2.04),diagnosis of a drug use disorder (RR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.01-1.65]),and posttraumatic stress disorder (RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.09-1.97])at the index visit as predictive of ED recidivism or death within 24 months.Parametric survival models demonstrated that assault-related injury (P < .001),diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (P = .008),and diagnosis of a drug use disorder (P = .03)significantly shortened the expected waiting time until the first ED return visit for violence or death.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Violent injury is a reoccurring disease, with one-third of our AI group experiencing another violent injury requiring ED care within 2 years of the index visit, almost twice the rate of a non-AI comparison group.Secondary violence prevention measures addressing substance use and mental health needs are needed to decrease subsequent morbidity and mortality due to violence in the first 6 months after an assault injury.
Health Care Delivery in the United States
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book is intended as a textbook on the problems of health service provision in the United States, for use in schools of public health and medical schools, or courses in medical sociology, medical economics, and social work. Despite having eight contributors, the book is well integrated. All the major parts of the health service provision system are covered, as are the chief problems, such as cost and quality controls, maldistribution, overutilization, and the like. It successfully avoids polemics and extreme partisan observations, but the underlying presupposition is the self-evident truth that the health care provision system, to serve known populations, must have more organized group practice, planning, coordination, boundaries, and budgets. All systems are converging in this direction. Koran writes: "The pluralistic nature of the service delivery system creates certain problems: inequitable access based on geography, class, and diagnosis, inadequate coordination." Abel-Smith, a prominent British health economist, is quoted
Colonize, evade, flourish
Authors: Erica J Rubin, M Stephen Trent
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Helicobacter pylori is an adapted gastric pathogen that colonizes the human stomach, causing severe gastritis and gastric cancer. A hallmark of infection is the ability of this organism to evade detection by the human immune system. H. pylori has evolved a number of features to achieve this, many of which involve glyco-conjugates including the lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan layer, glycoproteins, and glucosylated cholesterol. These major bacterial components possess unique features from those of other gram-negative organisms, including differences in structure, assembly, and modification. These defining characteristics of H. pylori glycobiology help the pathogen establish a long-lived infection by providing camouflage, modulating the host immune response, and promoting virulence mechanisms. In this way, glyco-conjugates are essential for H. pylori pathogenicity and survival, allowing it to carve out a niche in the formidable environment of the human stomach.
New Psychotherapeutic Agent, Chlordiazepoxide
Authors: Joseph M. Tobin
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In a collaborative study by several psychiatrists, 135 women and 77 men with symptoms of directly perceived anxiety, phobic reactions, obsessive thinking and compulsive behavior, depression, tension, psychomotor and motor retardation, hysterical acting-out behavior, and conversion reactions were treated with chlordiazepoxide. A favorable response was reported in 80.2%. Initial doses were 25 mg. once or twice a day, increased, in some patients, by increments of 25 mg. to a total maximal daily dose of 175 mg. Maintenance doses ranged from 10 to 150 mg. daily and duration of treatment was from one week to 13 months. The most prominent side-effects, drowsiness and ataxia, were dose-related. The drug was discontinued because of reactions in six (2.8%) instances. Disturbances related to the extrapyramidal system did not occur. Hemograms, urinalyses, and liver function tests remained within normal range.
THE PTEROYLGLUTAMATE COMPONENTS OF AMERICAN DIETS AS DETERMINED BY CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONATION
Authors: C. E. Butterworth, Rafael Santini, Walter B. Frommeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

isolated from foods or mixed diets and individu- ally assayed with S. fecalis, L. casei, or Pediococ- cus cerezisiac. METHODSThe procedure of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (4) with minor modifications was used for assay of folic acid. S. fecalis procedureAssay medium."Bacto" 318-dehydrated was used.1 To rehydrate this basal medium, 75 g was suspended in 1 L of distilled water, then heated to boiling for 3 min- utes, and allowed to cool to room temperature.Phosphate buffer.Prepared as described by Flynn (4).Standard folic acid solution.Prepared as described by Flynn (4).Test organisms.Stock cultures of S. fecalis (ATCC 8043)2 were prepared by stab inoculation of bacto-micro assay culture agar.After incubation at 370 C for 18 to 24 hours, the cultures were stored in a refrigerator at 40 C.An assay inoculum was prepared by subculturing from the stock culture into a tube containing 10 ml of the bacto-micro inoculum broth.This inoculum was in- cubated at 370 C for 24 hours and then centrifuged under aseptic conditions; the supernatant liquid was de- canted and discarded.The cells of the inoculum were resuspended in 10 ml of freshly sterilized 0.9%o saline solution.This procedure of washing and centrifuging was repeated 3 times.The washed cells were then sus- pended in 10 ml of sterile saline solution.One ml of this suspension was aded to 9 ml of sterile saline, and one drop of this suspension was used to inoculate the assay culture tubes.Chicken pancreas (conjugase) preparation.Approxi- mately 10 g of fresh chicken pancreas was homogenized in a Waring Blendor with approximately 35 ml of phos- phate buffer at pH 7.2.The homogenate was then di- luted to 50 ml with distilled water.This solution was distributed equally into ten test tubes and stored in the freezer at -200 C.This method is similar to the prepa- ration procedure described by Mims and Laskowski (5).Before use, 1 ml of this solution was diluted to 10 ml with distilled water."Free" folic acid activity.Crude diets were homoge- nized in a 1-gallon blender.Water was added to facili-
Familial myasthenia gravis.
Authors: C. B. Warrier, T. D. Pillai
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Myasthenia gravis is described in textbooks of medicine and neurology as a disease of the third and fourth decades of life.Its occurrence in infancy and childhood is rare.During 1900- 65 only 54 cases in 22 families have been reported.To find the disease in more than one generation in the same family is rarer still, only four such instances so far having been recorded.Myasthenic symptoms persisting from the time of birth (congenital myasthenia) is also rare.The following four cases of myasthenia gravis in a brother, sister, and two children of an unaffected sister are of interest from these various aspects of the disease.
First, Do No (Financial) Harm
Authors: Christopher Moriates, Neel T. Shah, Vineet M. Arora
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myeloid sarcoma: clinico-pathologic, phenotypic and cytogenetic analysis of 92 adult patients
Authors: S A Pileri, S Ascani, M C Cox, C Campidelli, F Bacci, M Piccioli, P P Piccaluga, C Agostinelli, S Asioli, D Novero, M Bisceglia, M Ponzoni, A Gentile, P Rinaldi, V Franco, D Vincelli, A Pileri Jr, R Gasbarra, B Falini, P L Zinzani, M Baccarani
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Happier patients will reduce NHS costs and improve care, says NHS Confederation
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ensuring that patients are happy and more engaged with the care they are getting will help NHS organisations reduce costs and improve the quality of the care they provide, concludes a new report.

The report, by the NHS Confederation, the independent membership body for NHS organisations, warns that the importance of the patient’s experience should not be forgotten amid the efforts of NHS organisations to find savings and efficiencies.

It says that “a commitment to making all experiences excellent is still not widespread” in the NHS and that “change is sometimes slow.”

The report adds that this is in part due to the “strong incentives” for hospital boards …
SOME CAUSES OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: J. W. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1923)

BOME CAUSES OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.fwcAL 59p nerve impulses to the central nervous zystem.These in turni give rise to normal responses which are sensationis and reflexes.The basis of the process is the physiological ur funietionial unit of the nervous system.Ill health, on the other hand, reveals itself by some disturbance of this process, and we are seeking to recogniize the significance of these disturbances.Ill health is not necessarily associated with any visible pathological change in the organs of the body.When the nervous processes are disturbed the fact is usually recognized by the patient before any change in the organs can be demonstrated by the pathologist.Alterations in sensation occur which the patient reoognizes as abnormal, and such alterations may be the first indication of the departure from normal health.Concurrently there may be reflex phenomiiena which show themselves as definite symptoms though they may be diffi- cult to recognize.Any part of the reflex arc, or of the anatomical basis of the physiological unit, may be the site of the disturbance, tho-ugh some parts of it are more sus- ceptible than others.Our contention is that we must look for the first signis of ill health in the nervous regulating processes of the body.They are the basis of the vital activities and maintain the life of the organlism as a unit.Disturbance of the vital processes is the first sign of ill health, and their failure is the ultimate cause of death.