tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with chronic lymphatic leukaemia.
Authors: R. L. Powles, J. S. Malpas
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Eighteen of 21 (85.7%)acute and early convalescent sera from patients with rubella showed reduction in haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titre after treatment with 2ME, whereas all late convalescent sera showed no reduction.This test pro- vided a method for recognizing recent infection by rubella virus that may be particularly useful in the serological assessment of mothers contracting rubella during pregnancy.
Current Medical References
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1966)

If Hera, the jealous wife of Zeus, had really wished to foil any plans Hercules had for immortality, she would have assigned him a 13th labor: that of compressing the miles of medical literature into a neat 11/4 inches. Hercules would have failed, of course, but only because he would not have had the able assistance of Milton J. Chatton, MD, and Paul J. Sanazaro, MD, and their 31 collaborators. But the trim little (4 × 7 × 11/4 inches)<i>Current Medical References</i>, just issued in its fourth edition, is more than simply a portable<i>Cumulated Index Medicus</i>. It is an annotated reference work with just enough comment on each of the entries to enable the beleaguered clinician to spread his reading time wisely. The editors are the first to note that the book is not to be considered a definitive collection of "all the best," but that it is
Unilateral Solitary Breast Metastasis From Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid Detected by FDG-PET
Authors: Sandip Basu, Tanuja Shet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

The breast is an extremely rare site for metastases from thyroid malignancies, with very few reports in the literature, the majority of them featured in the histopathology and cytopathology literature. Overall, breast metastases from extramammary primary malignancies represent around 2% of breast tumors. This report describes a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) metastatic to the left breast that was detected by FDG-PET imaging. A 32-year-old woman, a diagnosed patient with MCT, presented with rising calcitonin for which she was referred for metastatic survey. A whole body FDG-PET revealed a solitary focus of intense FDG uptake in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. This was subsequently biopsied and the histopathology turned out to be metastasis from the MCT. Breast metastasis is unusual in the natural history of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and hence presented here as an interesting unusual variant. Detection of atypical metastases can render valuable insight into hitherto unexplored disease progression mechanisms in oncology practice. FDG-PET with its distinct advantage to do a whole body survey in a single examination can play a pivotal role in this respect.
Increased Bcl-2/p53 ratio in human osteoarthritic cartilage: a possible role in regulation of chondrocyte metabolism
Authors: F Iannone, C De Bari, C Scioscia, V Patella, G Lapadula
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine whether Bcl-2, p53, and Fas/CD95 help to control cartilage metabolism.Six normal and 14 osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage samples were examined, and two zones from each sample showing the least (Min) and most (Max) anatomical damage were selected. Chondrocytes were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion and freshly processed. Bcl-2, p53, and Fas/CD95 expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence and FACS analysis; the cell cycle was analysed using propidium iodide, and chondrocyte proliferation assessed by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation.Intracellular levels of Bcl-2 were significantly higher in Max (27.5%) than in Min (21%, p<0.01) OA or normal chondrocytes (18.5%, p<0.01). Intracellular p53 expression was significantly decreased in Max (25.5%) compared with Min (37%, p<0.01) OA or normal cartilage (41.5%, p<0.05). Fas/CD95 receptor expression on surface chondrocytes did not significantly differ between OA and normal cartilage. Cell cycle analysis showed that the proportion of activated chondrocytes in the S phase was significantly higher in Max (69%) than in Min (49%) OA or normal cartilage (43%). The prevalence of proliferating chondrocytes progressively increased according to the degree of OA damage (mean (SEM) Min 1247 (260), Max 2423 (460), p<0.05). Chondrocyte [(3)H]thymidine uptake correlated positively with Bcl-2 (r(s) = 0.62, p = 0.009) and correlated inversely with p53 levels (r(s) = -0.55, p = 0.02).Bcl-2 and p53 play a part in apoptosis, but also help to regulate chondrocyte growth and differentiation. Whereas Bcl-2 promotes cell survival, p53 can arrest cell cycle. The data confirm that chondrocyte activity is enhanced in OA and suggest that the increased Bcl-2/p53 ratio sustains the metabolic boost of chondrocytes.
Electrical Charge. ITS ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS AND PREVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Sharon G. Adler, Haiyen Wang, Harry J. Ward, Arthur H. Cohen, Wayne A. Border
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Intravenous cationic bovine serum albumin (BSA, pI > 9.5) induces membranous nephropathy in immunized rabbits. In this study, unimmunized rabbits received intravenous injections of cationic (n = 3) or native (n = 3) or native (n = 3) BSA, followed by ex vivo isolated left renal perfusions with sheep anti-BSA antibody. Capillary wall deposits of IgG and C3 were seen exclusively in the group receiving cationic BSA, confirming an in situ pathogenesis for cationic, BSA-induced membranous nephropathy, and demonstrating the importance of a cationic antigen for its production. We then explored whether membranous nephropathy in this model is prevented by the concomitant injection of protamine sulfate, a filterable, relatively non-immunogenic polycation. An in vitro study demonstrated that protamine sulfate incubated with glomerular basement membrane (GBM) decreased the subsequent binding of radiolabeled cationic BSA (P < 0.05). In vivo, protamine sulfate was shown to bind to anionic sites in the glomerular capillary wall after intravenous injection.
Differential Distribution of Simple Sequence Repeats in Eukaryotic Genome Sequences
Authors: Mukund V. Katti, Prabhakar K. Ranjekar, Vidya S. Gupta
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Complete chromosome/genome sequences available from humans, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were analyzed for the occurrence of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeats. In all of the genomes studied, dinucleotide repeat stretches tended to be longer than other repeats. Additionally, tetranucleotide repeats in humans and trinucleotide repeats in Drosophila also seemed to be longer. Although the trends for different repeats are similar between different chromosomes within a genome, the density of repeats may vary between different chromosomes of the same species. The abundance or rarity of various di- and trinucleotide repeats in different genomes cannot be explained by nucleotide composition of a sequence or potential of repeated motifs to form alternative DNA structures. This suggests that in addition to nucleotide composition of repeat motifs, characteristic DNA replication/repair/recombination machinery might play an important role in the genesis of repeats. Moreover, analysis of complete genome coding DNA sequences of Drosophila, C. elegans, and yeast indicated that expansions of codon repeats corresponding to small hydrophilic amino acids are tolerated more, while strong selection pressures probably eliminate codon repeats encoding hydrophobic and basic amino acids. The locations and sequences of all of the repeat loci detected in genome sequences and coding DNA sequences are available at http://www.ncl-india.org/ssr and could be useful for further studies.
Sexual Abuse and Lifetime Diagnosis of Somatic Disorders
Authors: Molly L. Paras, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Laura P. Chen, Erin N. Goranson, Amelia L. Sattler, Kristina M. Colbenson, Mohamed B. Elamin, Richard J. Seime, Larry J. Prokop, Ali Zirakzadeh
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Many patients presenting for general medical care have a history of sexual abuse. The literature suggests an association between a history of sexual abuse and somatic sequelae.To systematically assess the association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of somatic disorders. Data Sources and Extraction A systematic literature search of electronic databases from January 1980 to December 2008. Pairs of reviewers extracted descriptive, quality, and outcome data from included studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled across studies by using the random-effects model. The I(2) statistic was used to assess heterogeneity.Eligible studies were longitudinal (case-control and cohort) and reported somatic outcomes in persons with and without history of sexual abuse.The search identified 23 eligible studies describing 4640 subjects. There was a significant association between a history of sexual abuse and lifetime diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.36-4.31; I(2) = 82%; 5 studies), nonspecific chronic pain (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.54-3.15; 1 study), psychogenic seizures (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.12-4.69, I(2) = 0%; 3 studies), and chronic pelvic pain (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.73-4.30, I(2) = 40%; 10 studies). There was no statistically significant association between sexual abuse and a lifetime diagnosis of fibromyalgia (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.85-3.07, I(2) = 0%; 4 studies), obesity (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 0.88-2.46; I(2) = 71%; 2 studies), or headache (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.96-2.31; 1 study). We found no studies that assessed syncope. When analysis was restricted to studies in which sexual abuse was defined as rape, significant associations were observed between rape and a lifetime diagnosis of fibromyalgia (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.51-7.46), chronic pelvic pain (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.02-10.53), and functional gastrointestinal disorders (OR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.88-8.57).Evidence suggests a history of sexual abuse is associated with lifetime diagnosis of multiple somatic disorders.
Reconstructing sickle cell disease: A data‐based analysis of the “hyperhemolysis paradigm” for pulmonary hypertension from the perspective of evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Robert P. Hebbel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

The "hyperhemolytic paradigm" (HHP) posits that hemolysis in sickle disease sequentially and causally establishes increased cell-free plasma Hb, consumption of NO, a state of NO biodeficiency, endothelial dysfunction, and a high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension. The basic science underpinning this concept has added an important facet to the complexity of vascular pathobiology in sickle disease, and clinical research has identified worrisome clinical issues. However, this critique identifies and explains a number of significant concerns about the various HHP component tenets. In addressing these issues, this report presents: a very brief history of the HHP, an integrated synthesis of mechanisms underlying sickle hemolysis, a review of the evidentiary value of hemolysis biomarkers, an examination of evidence bearing on existence of a hyperhemolytic subgroup, and a series of questions that should naturally be applied to the HHP if it is examined using critical thinking skills, the fundamental basis of evidence-based medicine. The veracity of different HHP tenets is found to vary from true, to weakly supported, to demonstrably false. The thesis is developed that the HHP has misidentified the mechanism and clinical significance of its findings. The extant research questions identified by these analyses are delineated, and a conservative, evidence-based approach is suggested for application in clinical medicine.
CHRONIC BONY FISTULAE
Authors: R. A. Stoney
Journal: BMJ (1919)

CHRONIC BONY FISTULAE.[JUNE 21,19E its thickest.To permit the flap thus fashione(d to slip into place it was then necessary (1) to m-ake a cut with scissors in the periosteuim at the )osterior border of the boine flake and to extend this cut to the upper limit of periosteal detachment;(2) to uindercut the skin posteriorly (in some cases it is necessar-.to make lateral cuts to free the skin sufficiently to secure apposition without tension; in others a U-shaped flap is pre- ferable).The anterior, upper, and lower borders of the opening were next levelled with a cihisel to allow the flake to sit squarely in place.A further strip of skin was excised along the anterior border of the o,)ening, so that thie suture line shotuld lie well away from the opening.The wvhoe area was cleansed with peroxide, haemostasis attended to, and the packing removed from the cavity, whicl was filled with bipp paste.The fixation of the flap was effected by (1) interrupted fishing gut sutures through the skin;(2) a vide mattress suture passed dee) to the bone flap (Diagram 5).A rubber-dam drain ww inserted at the lower part of the J (in some cases a separate st&b-incision is best), a flavine gauze dressing was applied, and the limb splinted.After-Proqress.Reaction of 100.60 and 100.00 occurred oni the second and third days; typical bipp sero-pus drained for two weeks.The upper end of the incision ulcerated where the stitches passed through old scar.Stitches were removed on the tenth day.The ulcerated area was dressed with flavine, brilliant green DIAGRAM 5.being useful occasionally as a stimulant.In one month the bone flap was firmly fixed in place.Complete healitng occurred in five weeks.VARTATIONS.
Elusive Errors in Coronary Statistics
Authors: J. A. Little
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We were sorry to learn of the death of Dr. Samuel A. Levine, particularly since his teaching and writing have been an inspiration to us. Perhaps one of the last things that he wrote was the editorial, "Elusive Errors in Coronary Statistics" (<b>195</b>:860, 1966) in which he referred to our article, "Studies of Male Survivors of Myocardial Infarction: IV. Serum Lipids and Five-Year Survival" (<i>Circulation</i><b>31</b>:854, 1965). Dr. Levine made the important point that overall prognosis in coronary patients can be studied only in unselected, consecutive cases of coronary heart disease. We should like to amplify his remarks and suggest that it requires prospective and follow-up study of healthy individuals in a cross-section of an entire community to determine true, overall prognosis in coronary disease.<sup>1</sup>Only in this way are silent infarcts and sudden deaths from first coronary episodes included in the mortality data.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core specific T-cell responses after core antigen and DNA vaccination in the HBV trimera mouse model
Authors: W.B. Böcher, W. Schwerin, M. Geissler, S. Tavakoli, S. Schmitt, S. Weyer, P.R. Galle, H.F. Löhr
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Comparison of usefulness of clinical diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B endemic area
Authors: So Young Bae, Moon Seok Choi, Geum-Youn Gwak, Yong Han Paik, Joon Hyoek Lee, Kwang Cheol Koh, Seung Woon Paik, Byung Chul Yoo
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2012)

See the commentary-article "Noninvasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma" on page 174.
Enigmatic Chest Mass
Authors: Richard M. Heller
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Robert F. Rider: This is the first hospital admission for this 36-year-old white, married man who complained of chest pain which had been present for 2 1/2 months and had recently become worse. He described the pain as arising from the anterior portion of the chest wall, traversing the thorax, and ending in the right scapular region. Movement of the scapular muscles and pressure on the right side of the chest wall accentuated the pain. The results of physical examination were normal; examination of the chest revealed no abnormalities. Results of laboratory tests were within normal limits. Chest roentgenograms taken at the time of admission revealed a mass (Figure). His temperature while in the hospital was persistently between 100 and 100.4 F (37.8 and 38 C). <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Goodman, do you think this mass arises in the lung? Dr. Derek J. Goodman: I am not
Abstract 1120: Low prevalence of <i>TP53</i> mutations in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Simona Ognjanovic, Ghyslaine Martel-Planche, Magali Olivier, Pierre Hainaut
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tumor suppressor gene TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer. Mutations in TP53 in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have been associated with aggressive tumors and poor prognosis, however, reported prevalence of mutations in these tumors varied with smaller series reporting larger prevalence. Apart from gene mutations, p53 function can also be attenuated by overexpression of MDM2. Most recent report suggested extremely low prevalence of TP53 mutations and MDM2 amplifications (Taylor et al., 2000). We had 40 embryonal and 40 alveolar RMS tumor samples available for TP53 mutations/MDM2 amplification analyses, the largest series analyzed thus far. Half of the available samples were histopathology slides and the other half were frozen tumor tissue. The average age of slides was 13 years, therefore only 24 out of 40 slide DNA samples were of sufficient quality/quantity to complete direct sequencing of TP53 exons 4-9, limiting our results to 64 samples. MDM2 amplification was analyzed by differential PCR using dopamine gene as control. TP53 sequencing detected only one single mutation, p. D259Y, and six polymorphisms (Table 1).Table 1.Mutations and polymorphisms in TP53 gene in 64 pediatric embryonal and alveolar RMS. DiagnosisAgeGenderRacePrimary siteStageGene Variation*Protein ChangeMutationsERMS1MWhiteRight thighN/Ag.13412G&amp;gt;Tp. D259YPolymorphismsERMS0MBlackRight ankleN/Ag.14077T&amp;gt;CN/A ERMS4FBlackBladder2g.12708A&amp;gt;Gp. R213R ARMS4MAsianButtockN/Ag.12708A&amp;gt;Gp. R213R ARMS6MWhiteForearmN/Ag.12708A&amp;gt;Gp. R213R ERMS6FWhiteUterusN/Ag.12708A&amp;gt;Gp. R213R ARMS9FWhiteParotid mass1g.11370C&amp;gt;Tp. P47S* nucleotide number based on GenBank sequence NC_000017.9 No distinct pattern between TP53 mutation/polymorphisms was associated with any RMS subtype. Likewise, no MDM2 amplifications were observed. In conclusion, we confirm the extremely low prevalence of TP53 mutations/MDM2 amplifications in pediatric RMS (1.25% and 0% respectively). The possible inactivation of p53 function by other mechanisms thus remains to be elucidated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1120.
Blood and Its Disorders
Authors: Robert S. Hillman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

As stated in the preface, the purpose of the text is to bridge the gap between shorter textbooks of hematology and in-depth research monographs by providing a relatively complete summary of the biochemical and physiological concepts required for understanding blood disorders. The target audience includes post-graduate trainees in clinical and laboratory hematology or internal medicine. To reach this goal, 33 expert authors have attempted to summarize their knowledge of a specific discipline or subject area and have achieved an extremely high quality of content. At the same time, this approach has resulted in a loss of cohesive organization; many topics are covered by more than one author, even to the point of redundancy. Although the text was designed for the training of a clinical or laboratory hematologist, little emphasis is placed on the clinical approach to diagnosis of blood disorders, especially the laboratory aspect of hematology. The reader is referred
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: P. M. Bret, C. Reinhold
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Magnetic resonance (MR) cholangiopancreatography is a new, noninvasive method of assessing the biliary tract and pancreatic duct. MRCP sequences are based on heavily T2-weighted pulse sequences, resulting in the bile ducts and pancreatic duct having very high signal intensity. Preliminary results indicate that the results of MRCP in most biliary tract diseases are similar to those of more invasive techniques of direct cholangiography, such as, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
The Expert Witness in Medical Malpractice Litigation
Authors: CALVIN M. KUNIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The experience of serving as an expert witness can add considerably to a physician's knowledge of medicine and the forces that affect the profession. Each case compels the physician to examine carefully all the clinical data. The physician must assess the quality of care given and render an opinion that is consistent with the facts and pertinent literature. He must defend his position under close questioning by an informed attorney aided by expert witnesses on the opposing side. This rigorous exercise requires considerable skill and experience. It has many of the characteristics of a well-conducted clinicopathological conference, with the added drama of the interplay of personalities. Despite the stimulating atmosphere, it is critical to maintain objectivity by asking yourself repeatedly, "What would I have done if placed in the same circumstance as the accused physician?" If you accept the responsibility of serving as an expert witness, it should be one of the best consultations you have ever given.
Late Onset Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Almudena Ávila-Fernández, Marta Cortón, María I. López-Molina, Esther Martín-Garrido, Diego Cantalapiedra, Ruth Fernández-Sánchez, Fiona Blanco-Kelly, Rosa Riveiro-Álvarez, Sorina D. Tatu, María J. Trujillo-Tiebas, Blanca García-Sandoval, Carmen Ayuso, Frans P.M. Cremers
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults
Authors: S. O Shaheen, J. A C Sterne, S. M Montgomery, H. Azima
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Impaired fetal growth may be a risk factor for asthma although evidence in children is conflicting and there are few data in adults. Little is known about risk factors which may influence asthma in late childhood or early adult life. Whilst there are clues that fatness may be important, this has been little studied in young adults. The relations between birth weight and childhood and adult anthropometry and asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema were investigated in a nationally representative sample of young British adults. <h3>METHODS</h3> A total of 8960 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) were studied. They had recently responded to a questionnaire at 26 years of age in which they were asked whether they had suffered from asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema in the previous 12 months. Adult body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported height and weight. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The prevalence of asthma at 26 years fell with increasing birth weight. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio comparing the lowest birth weight group (&lt;2 kg) with the modal group (3–3.5 kg) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 4.12). The prevalence of asthma increased with increasing adult BMI. After controlling for birth weight and other confounders, the odds ratio comparing highest with lowest quintile was 1.72 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.29). The association between fatness and asthma was stronger in women; odds ratios comparing overweight women (BMI 25–29.99) and obese women (BMI ⩾30) with those of normal weight (BMI &lt;25) were 1.51 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.06) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.84), respectively. The BMI at 10 years was not related to adult asthma. Similar associations with birth weight and adult BMI were present for wheeze but not for hayfever or eczema. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Impaired fetal growth and adult fatness are risk factors for adult asthma.