tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UK government proposes health action zones
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The UK government plans to concentrate special efforts on several health action zones where it believes people's health can be improved by better integrated arrangements.

The health secretary, Frank Dobson, told the NHS Confederation last week that the proposal would be spelt out in a white paper in the autumn. He envisages that within the zones everyone responsible for delivering NHS care-including health authorities, trusts, GPs, nurses, health visitors, and pharmacists-would be brought together “to develop a health strategy in partnership with local authorities, community groups, the voluntary sector, and local …
Direct detection of the common Mediterranean beta-thalassemia gene with synthetic DNA probes. An alternative approach for prenatal diagnosis.
Authors: S H Orkin, A F Markham, H H Kazazian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The most common form of beta-thalassemia among Mediterraneans results from a single nucleotide substitution within the first intervening sequence (IVS-1) of the beta-globin gene. This particular mutation is not detectable in uncloned DNA by restriction enzyme analysis. Using synthetic DNA of 19-nucleotides in length corresponding to the normal and mutant IVS-1 sequences as probes, we have developed a direct assay for this gene defect. Under carefully controlled experimental conditions these synthetic probes detect only their homologous sequences in restriction digests of both cloned and uncloned DNA samples. The method is sufficiently sensitive to establish the genotype of individuals with respect to this defect using approximately 20 micrograms total DNA. This assay provides an alternative to fetal blood and DNA linkage analysis for the prenatal diagnosis of this variety of beta-thalassemia, particularly among Greek families where it is especially common.
LOW-DOSE ASPIRIN PREVENTS CORONARY ENDOTHELIAL INJURY BY OXIDIZED-LDL THROUGH THE AKT-FGF2 PROSURVIVAL PATHWAY
Authors: Po-Yuan Chang, Yi-Jie Chen, Tzu-Ching Yang, Shao-Chun Lu, Chu-Huang Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
TCT-672 Impact of Angiographical Lesion Complexity Score and In-Hospital Outcome after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Analysis from Japanese Multicenter Registry
Authors: Ayaka Endo, Shun Kohsaka, Hiroaki Miyata, Akio Kawamura, Susumu Nakagawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Benjamin D. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Acquired hypogammaglobulinemia has been described for the first time as a cause of repeated infections of various types in children. The cases here described differed from classic congenital agammaglobulinemia in certain respects: (1) 5 of 17 patients were female; (2) all responded to antigenic stimulation; (3) all had normal isohemagglutinins; and (4) all improved dramatically with small doses (2.0 to 4.0 cc. every four weeks) of gamma globulin in a concentration of 165 mg. of gamma globulin per cubic centimeter of solution. Cessation of therapy after one to two years was followed by the maintenance of normal gamma globulin levels and continued clinical improvement in all but one patient. Sixteen of 17 patients had a strong personal or family history of allergy, and this association had not been previously described. Since many severely allergic children have normal gamma globulin levels, the exact significance of these findings is still a matter for speculation.
New oral hypoglycaemics fail to show cardiovascular benefits
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Two trials involving the new oral hypoglycaemic drugs saxagliptin and alogliptin have found that neither reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in the short term, contradicting the findings of an analysis earlier this year. 

Saxagliptin and alogliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and were approved by regulators because they lowered blood glucose in people with diabetes, but it was unclear what effects they might have on the cardiovascular system.

Since 2008, after concerns over the cardiac safety of rosiglitazone, manufacturers of diabetes drugs have to carry out a long term cardiovascular outcome study after approval. One pooled analysis published earlier this year pointed to the possibility that DPP-4 inhibitors lower cardiovascular risk.1

However, both the new trials, published in the New England Journal of Medicine , and conducted as part of the manufacturers’ regulatory obligations, found that this might not be the case.

In the saxagliptin (SAVOR TIMI-53) trial, sponsored by AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb, 16 492 patients with a history of, or at risk for, cardiovascular events were randomly assigned to receive saxagliptin or placebo for an average of two …
137 CXCL1 AND CXCL10 SECRETION BY FIBROCYSTIN-DEFECTIVE CHOLANGIOCYTES RECRUITS PERIBILIARY FIBROCYTES IN CONGENITAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS
Authors: L. Fabris, L. Locatelli, D. Viganò, M. De Matteis, R. Fiorotto, M. Cadamuro, C. Spirli, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Single-cell quantification of functional outcomes of CD16 ligation in NK cells by Fc-engineered antibodies
Authors: Gabrielle Romain, Vladimir V Senyukov, Ivan Liadi, William Kelton, George Georgiou, Dean A Lee, Navin Varadarajan
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting tumor antigens have paved the way to complementary strategies in the treatment of cancer by harnessing the immune system towards a more specific response against tumors. Such mAb can mobilize natural killer (NK) cells function by
Multiple emboli after gastrectomy
Authors: M. Rogers, G. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 60 year old man underwent a total gastrectomy for T2a, N0, M0 gastric cancer. Seven days after the operation, while still recovering in hospital, he developed left lower leg pain of sudden onset. He described the pain as severe and said that his leg below the knee felt cold and numb.

His medical history included one deep vein thrombosis and one pulmonary embolus several years apart. He had no other medical history of note. In particular, he had no history of peripheral vascular disease or intermittent claudication. Before the gastrectomy, the only drug that he was taking was long term warfarin; this had been changed to therapeutic dose low molecular weight heparin perioperatively, and he remained on heparin at the onset of leg pain. He was an ex-smoker.

On examination he seemed to be in pain, with a regular pulse of 100 beats/min, blood pressure of 140/70 mm Hg, and temperature of 36.5°C. His left leg was cold and pale, with no pulses palpable below the thigh. The rest of the cardiovascular examination was normal. Computed tomography angiography showed abrupt occlusion of the left common femoral artery, with a further occlusion of the left popliteal artery.

Blood tests were as follows: haemoglobin 99 g/l, white blood cell count 17.7×109/l, platelets 65×109/l, urea 4.7 mmol/l; creatinine 68 µmol/l, bilirubin 12 µmol/l, activated partial thromboplastin time 27.7 seconds (normal range 26-36), and prothrombin time 14.4 seconds (normal range 11-26). Three days before the onset of leg pain his blood results had been: haemoglobin 101 g/l, white blood cell count 17.6×109/l, and platelets 163×109/l.

An embolectomy was performed. Two days later he developed left subchondral and pleuritic chest pain. Oxygen saturation fell to 92% on air. Respiratory examination was otherwise unremarkable; examination of the …
Metabolic surgery may be more effective
Authors: C. Magee, N. Goenka, D. Kerrigan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The LOADD study1 did not consider a more effective form of nutritional intervention—metabolic (bariatric) surgery—which is a proved treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes.2

In a study of people with type 2 diabetes randomised to laparoscopic gastric banding or best medical treatment, banding was associated with greater total …
Intraperitoneal Povidone-lodine-Reply
Authors: Joel J. Roslyn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  I thank Dr Goldenheim for reemphasizing an important point from my initial comments, namely, the difficulty in comparing results of numerous studies that have a multitude of variables. While there has been favorable experience with povidone-iodine solution in prevention of intra-abdominal infection, other studies have failed to show any advantage over saline or antibiotic solutions. Furthermore, my comments addressed the use of povidone-iodine solution only as it relates to intra-abdominal infection; Dr Goldenheim's comments regarding its efficacy in other settings are irrelevant. I share the concerns of Dr Goldenheim regarding extrapolation of in vitro data to the clinical situation. Nonetheless, the ideal way to evaluate a clinical problem is to minimize the number of variables. This is best accomplished in the in vitro setting, and information obtained in this manner usually is vital to our understanding of clinical problems. The final paragraph of my initial reply merely states
Community Medicine: An Evolving Discipline
Authors: BERNARD D. CHALLENOR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Community medicine as an academic discipline has rapidly become an integral part of the curriculum of many U.S. medical schools, but the definition of community medicine varies from school to school and even among academicians within a school. Despite this uncertainty, however, programs and departments at several schools are beginning to address many critical educational and social issues: the balance among the teaching, research, and community service responsibilities of a medical school; interdisciplinary approaches to providing comprehensive health care; social and environmental factors in health and illness; and effective training of medical students in family, ambulatory, and comprehensive care.
Epidemic Ophthalmia in Tipperary and Athlone: Which has Prevailed in the Workhouses and Schools of the Tipperary and Athlone Unions
Authors: W. R. Wilde
Journal: BMJ (1851)

deratioii by the most enlightened ophthalmic surgeons of the present day, the medical profession are the best and only judges.It is grati- fying to me to be able to state, that the medical officers of the Tipperayr Union not only willingly adopted all my suggestions, but have, in a written communication, expressed their satisfaction at the course which I pursued.The notes now appended to my Medical Report are the only additions made to it since it was sent to the Poor-Law office.Neither bas it in anywise been altered or amended, except so far as the usual corrections of the
"Functional" should not be shorthand for "I don't know" in dyspepsia
Authors: D. L Wingate
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—With reference to the article by Talley et al on dyspepsia, it is saddening to see the perpetuation of the term “functional” as shorthand for “I don't know the nature of the problem.”1 Dyspepsia is the commonest presenting gastrointestinal symptom. Dyspepsia of recent onset, sometimes accompanied by weight loss, rings alarm bells over the possibility of malignancy and dictates the need for endoscopy, but most patients do not fit this paradigm.

The commonest cause of non-malignant dyspepsia is gastro-oesophageal reflux. This is a true …
Infective complications of open-heart surgery and the monitoring of infections by the NBT test
Authors: R. Freeman, B. King, M. H. Hambling
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Freeman, R., King, B., and Hambling, M. H. (1973).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 617-621. <b>Infective complications of open-heart surgery and the monitoring of infections by the NBT test.</b> Seventy-four consecutive patients undergoing open-heart surgery were extensively investigated, preoperatively and postoperatively, for evidence of infection. The incidence of the infective complications encountered is presented, together with discussion on the aetiology of these complications. A previously unrecognized infective complication is described, this being a high incidence of infection with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae.</i> The series also reports an assessment of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test in these patients, and it is concluded that the system evolved in this series, of minimal chemoprophylaxis and constant monitoring of infection, affords a logical alternative to conventional methods using massive prophylaxis.
Death Receptor-3, a New E-Selectin Counter-Receptor that Confers Migration and Survival Advantages to Colon Carcinoma Cells by Triggering p38 and ERK MAPK Activation
Authors: Stéphanie Gout, Chantale Morin, François Houle, Jacques Huot
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract E-selectin-mediated adhesion of colon cancer cells to endothelial cells is a key event in metastasis. However, the signaling mechanisms that confer metastatic advantages to cancer cells adhering to E-selectin are ill defined. By using affinity column chromatography and pull-down assays on purified membrane extracts of HT29 and LoVo cells coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, we obtained the first evidence indicating that E-selectin binds to death receptor-3 (DR3) expressed by the cancer cells. Thereafter, we accumulated several results, suggesting that DR3 is an E-selectin receptor on colon cancer cells and that its activation by E-selectin triggers the activation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and confers migration and survival advantages. First, by Western blotting, we found that the E-selectin-binding protein, identified as DR3, is recognized by two anti-DR3 antibodies. Second, the neutralization of DR3 with an antibody and its knockdown by small interfering RNA decrease the adhesion of colon cancer cells to E-selectin and E-selectin-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Third, inhibiting DR3 and knocking down its expression impair transendothelial migration of HT29 cells and block the activation of p38 and ERK by E-selectin. Fourth, high molecular weight isoforms of DR3 are expressed in samples of primary human colon carcinoma but not in samples from normal colon tissue. Intriguingly, DR3 is a death receptor but its activation by E-selectin does not induce apoptosis in colon cancer cells, except when ERK is inhibited. Our findings identify novel signaling and functional roles of DR3 activated in response to E-selectin and highlight the potential link between DR3 and metastasis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(18): 9117-24)
Newborn Screening for α-Thalassemia — Keeping Up with Globalization
Authors: Edward J. Benz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Thalassemias are inherited disorders of hemoglobin synthesis. In α-thalassemia, the biosynthesis of the α-globin subunit of adult hemoglobin, hemoglobin A, is deficient. In β-thalassemia, β-globin synthesis is diminished.1 Among the most common single-gene disorders in humans, thalassemias are a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in Asia and the Mediterranean basin.2 Symptomatic thalassemia has historically been an uncommon illness in the United States. However, as Lal et al. report in this issue of the Journal, 3 a moderately severe symptomatic form of α-thalassemia, hemoglobin H (HbH) disease, is being encountered with increasing frequency as Asian migration increases to the West Coast . . .
Effect of lamivudine on morphology and function of mitochondria in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: P Honkoop, R A De Man, H R Scholte, P E Zondervan, J W Van Den Berg, L H Rademakers, S W Schalm
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Nucleoside analogues can induce mitochondrial dysfunction leading to severe clinical syndromes. Lamivudine, a new nucleoside analogue, is an active inhibitor of hepatitis B viral replication without apparent clinical toxicity. To assess subclinical mitochondrial toxicity, we studied the morphology and function of the mitochondrial system in 15 patients treated with lamivudine. Morphology was investigated by routine histological evaluation and electron-microscopic studies of mitochondria in liver biopsy specimens. Mitochondrial function was assessed by 2-keto[1- 14 C] isocaproic acid decarboxylation (KICA breath test) and by measuring the activity in liver biopsy specimens of the mitochondrial enzymes encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) (complex I and IV) as well as a mitochondrial and a cytosolic enzyme both encoded by nuclear DNA only (complex II and lactic dehydrogenase [LDH]). All 15 patients underwent a liver biopsy before treatment and a KICA breath test before and during treatment; 13 agreed to undergo a repeat liver biopsy during lamivudine treatment. Liver tissue with no or minimal fibrotic changes from 7 patients treated for 6 months with lamivudine was suitable for assessment of the mitochondrial enzyme activity. We observed no signs of toxicity by routine histological or electron-microscopic evaluation. KICA breath tests revealed no differences in either peak exhalation or the area under the curve from 0 to 60 minutes between healthy controls (3.0% and 19.3%), untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B (3.4% and 19.3%), and patients treated with lamivudine (3.1% and 20.6%). The activities of the mt-DNA-encoded enzymes remained normal after lamivudine therapy. Unexpectedly a significant decrease in the activity of nuclear-DNA-encoded enzymes in patients with chronic hepatitis B in comparison with normal controls was found. The mean activity of complex II dropped from 45.3 to 20.0 μmol · min −1 , that of lactic dehydrogenase from 106 to 44 μmol · min −1 (Wilcoxon rank sum; P &lt; .05). In conclusion, no subclinical signs of mitochondrial toxicity resulting from lamivudine therapy for 6 months were observed.
Junior doctors call for delay to new training programme
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Members of the BMA are calling for a year's delay of the government's proposed new arrangements for advertising and filling posts at specialist training level. They argue that too few posts will be made available, forcing more intense competition—and ultimately driving newly qualified doctors to look for medical posts outside the United Kingdom.

The new specialist posts will be offered to medical graduates who gained their degrees in summer 2005 and who have been in the first intake of the two year foundation programme. The new posts will be known as specialist …
Agrammatic comprehension of OVS and OSV structures in Hebrew
Authors: Na'ama Friedmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

This commentary brings further support for the Trace Deletion Hypothesis (TDH) from a new study of OVS (Object-Verb-Subject) and OSV (Object-Subject-Verb) sentences in Hebrew, which are active constructions that involve object movement but no change in morphology. The comprehension of these constructions in Broca's aphasia is impaired, and the performance is at chance level, as predicted by the TDH.
Frequency and Costs of Echo Endoscope Repairs: Results of a Survey of Endosonographers
Authors: D. Schembre, O. Lin
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study aims: The need for repair of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) equipment appears to be frequent and expensive. To better quantify the costs associated with echo endoscope failure, a survey of endosonographers was carried out. Methods: A survey questionnaire concerning echo endoscope damage and repair and consequences of echo endoscope downtime over a 12-month period was sent to members of the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy who had cited an interest in EUS. Results: Responses were received from 56 of 138 institutions where EUS was carried out (41 %). A median of 325 EUS procedures had been carried out in the past year and a median of two endosonographers were employed who used an average of three echo endoscopes. Two-thirds of institutions trained fellows. A total of 225 repairs were reported for leaks (47 %), mechanical failures (33 %), images or optics difficulties (26 %), or other problems (1 %). Mechanical radial-scanning echo endoscopes tended to break, on average, after 68 procedures, while curved linear-array echo endoscopes failed after an average of 107 procedures. Echo endoscope failures led to rescheduling of procedures at three-quarters of institutions. Institutions paid an average of $ 10 534 over 12 months for echo endoscope repairs. The average repair cost per procedure was $ 41. There was an inverse relationship between quantity of procedures and the per-procedure repair rate (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Direct and indirect costs of echo endoscope repairs are significant. Instrument failures are multifactorial; however instrument complexity, instrument age, and institutional inexperience may contribute to repair costs.
Basal electrical activity in the anal canal in man.
Authors: W J Wankling, B H Brown, C D Collins, H L Duthie
Journal: Gut (1968)

Electrical activity in the region of the anal canal in man has been previously recorded on many occasions from the voluntary muscle of the external anal sphincter.We have attempted in addition to delineate the electrical activity arising in the smooth muscle surrounding the anal canal with the aim of assessing the relative roles of the two components in preserving anal continence.A preliminary report of some of the data was made to the Surgical
The Uninsulated Caseload in a Neighborhood Mental Health Center
Authors: JULES M. KLUGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author describes a program at the opposite pole of the traditional psychiatric clinic in that it renders service to all applicants, and without delay. He observes that immediate service is more important to patients from the lower social classes than is a continuing therapist-patient relationship and also questions the existence of the "language barrier" between middle-class therapist and lower-class patient. Handling a large caseload has resulted in the clinic's adopting modes of operation that have turned out to be more successful than those the clinics leaders would have chosen.
Cholestatic Hepatitis Associated with Trifluoperazine
Authors: Norman Kohn, Ralph M. Myerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

TRIFLUOPERAZINE, a recently introduced A phenothiazine derivative, is closely related chemically to prochlorperazine.§ Recently, in a patient receiving this drug¶ the clinical, laboratory and biopsy findings of cholestatic hepatitis identical with that seen with other phenothiazine compounds developed. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of hepatitis attributable to this drug.Case ReportA 48-year-old man was admitted to the Veterans Administration Hospital, Philadelphia, on September 13, 1960. He had a long history of emotional disorder since his release from a prisoner-of-war camp in 1945. A variety of medications had been prescribed for the symptomatology, but none had . . .
Emergency surgery for complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Authors: E. Schulenberg, S. Schüle, T. Lehnert
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is used to restore enteral nutrition in patients with inadequate oral intake. Because of its minimally invasive nature complications are thought to be rare. We analyzed data on all patients treated for PEG-related complications at the Department of General, Visceral, and Oncologic Surgery at the Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Germany, between 2005 and 2008. A total of 38 patients with complications required surgical evaluation. Emergency laparotomy was performed for leakage in 16 patients, for a misplaced or dislodged PEG tube in nine patients, for buried bumper with accompanying signs of peritonitis in four patients and for gastrocutaneous fistula in one patient. Eight complications were managed conservatively. Early complications within 10 days (60 %) were related to leakage or mispositioning of the PEG, while PEG device migration and fistula formation represented late complications. Hospital mortality was 17 % with the underlying disease contributing significantly to the fatal outcome. Most PEG-associated major complications were related to technical errors and carried a high mortality.