tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coordinated induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and inhibition of plasminogen activator gene expression by hypoxia promotes pulmonary vascular fibrin deposition.
Authors: D J Pinsky, H Liao, C A Lawson, S F Yan, J Chen, P Carmeliet, D J Loskutoff, D M Stern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Oxygen deprivation, as occurs during tissue ischemia, tips the natural anticoagulant/procoagulant balance of the endovascular wall to favor activation of coagulation. To investigate the effects of low ambient oxygen tension on the fibrinolytic system, mice were placed in a hypoxic environment with pO2 < 40 Torr. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, detected by ELISA, increased in a time-dependent fashion after hypoxic exposure (increased as early as 4 h, P < 0.05 vs. normoxic controls), and were accompanied by an increase in plasma PAI-1 activity by 4 h (P < 0.05 vs. normoxic controls). Northern analysis of hypoxic murine lung demonstrated an increase in PAI-1 mRNA compared with normoxic controls; in contrast, transcripts for both tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) decreased under hypoxic conditions. Immunocolocalization studies identified macrophages as the predominant source of increased PAI-1 within hypoxic lung. Using a transformed murine macrophage line, striking induction of PAI-1 transcripts occurred under hypoxic conditions, due to both increased de novo transcription as well as increased mRNA stability. Consistent with an important role of the fibrinolytic system in hypoxia-induced fibrin accumulation, PAI-1 +/+ mice exposed to hypoxia exhibited increased pulmonary fibrin deposition based upon a fibrin immunoblot, intravascular fibrin identified by immunostaining, and increased accumulation of 125I-fibrinogen/fibrin in hypoxic tissue. In contrast, mice deficient for the PAI-1 gene (PAI-1 -/-) similarly exposed to hypoxic conditions did not display increased fibrin accumulation compared with normoxic PAI-1 +/+ controls. Furthermore, homozygous null uPA (uPA -/-) and tPA (tPA -/-) mice subjected to oxygen deprivation showed increased fibrin deposition compared with wild-type controls. These studies identify enhanced expression of PAI-1 as an important mechanism suppressing fibrinolysis under conditions of low oxygen tension, a response which may be further amplified by decreased expression of plasminogen activators. Taken together, these data provide insight into an important potential role of macrophages and the fibrinolytic system in ischemia-induced thrombosis.
Short-Term Psychiatric Treatment
Authors: Peter D. King
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In his letter "Psychiatrists as Physicians" inThe Journal(<b>201</b>:334, 1967), Earle M. Chapman calls for professional courtesy by psychiatrists, stating, "Modern psychiatric treatment is short term...." Modern psychiatric treatment is not short term in many instances. Often when it is short term, it is not because that is the treatment of choice, but because of the pressure of numbers in public clinics and financial pressure in the private setting. Doctors and their families are usually able to afford long-term psychiatric treatment which others may need, but cannot afford. Short-term psychiatric treatment is indicated in certain situations, some acute depressions, family or individual crises, some marital problems, etc, and often makes a profound difference in the outcome. Drugs are indicated to relieve symptoms in certain neuroses and are a primary treatment in most cases of schizophrenic reactions and severe depressions. However, neurotic, psychophysiologic, and less malignant
Acute Renal Failure during Therapy with Recombinant Human Gamma Interferon
Authors: Bettina H. Ault, F. Bruder Stapleton, Lillian Gaber, Alison Martin, Shane Roy, Sharon B. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE interferons are a group of glycoproteins with antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. There are three major types: alfa (leukocyte or lymphoblastoid), beta (fibroblast), and gamma (immune) interferon. Alfa interferon has proved efficacy in treating various human cancers.1 , 2 The gene for gamma interferon has been cloned more recently, and Phase I and II studies in adults have demonstrated it to be capable of producing antitumor effects.3 , 4 Interferon-induced renal toxicity is quite unusual, although acute renal failure with interstitial nephritis has been reported in one woman receiving alfa interferon for mycosis fungoides.5 We describe a 12-year-old child in whom acute renal . . .
An Address ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF PAIN: Delivered before the Sheffield Medico-Chirurgical Society, December 8th, 1921
Authors: H. Head
Journal: BMJ (1922)

may accompany many otlher sensations besides those whicl -4fl on urt5f have a right to be-called s-pcifical1y painful.This un- ON oopleasant feeling may be associated with touch in the form CE rn s TAIN ACSln PEs cv T s OFT PAIN.of tickling or itclhing, with pressure, as an intolerable sensa- CEIRTAliNASPECTS OF PA iT3* tion we call "crushing paia," with heat as " burning," and DELIVERED BEFORE THE SHEFFIELD MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL with1 cold as that disagreeable state tht w.e know so well SOCIETY, DECEMBER 8TH, 1921.whlen our lhands and feet are chilled.But it is a matter of no importance fronm the point of view of the organism wlhetlher the sensatidn evoked be. a strictly HENRY HEAl), M.D., F.R.S. specific one of pain, or whit slhould be more truly callted discomfort.Botlh lead to the production of reflexes tlhat PAIN and disconmfort are the oldest defensive reactions of the tend to remove the affected part or even the whole animal organism, and potentially unpleasant stimuli form the basis from the place or object prQductive of such unpleasant of most primitive reflexes.Even the simplest animal slluns experiences.Reactions of.this kind are impulsive a.nd pain and moves in the direction of pleasure.All suclh urgent; once they come into beina, the movements they impulsive actions allow of little choice, and,any part of tlhe produce are uncontrolled; they permit of no choice.It is body exposed to a lharmful form of stimulation is urgently therefore most important that the impulses whiclh undbrlie wlthdrawvn.Sensory impulses capable of evoking pain or any of these disagreeable sensations should be diminished in discomfort are tllerefore most important factors in tlhe life extent, or actually inhibited, in favour of those sensory of even thelighlest organism, althlougal their action may be -impressions more capable of leading to discriminative action.almost automatic.But, on the other hand, tlle mechanism underlying the In man, hlowever, where they not only cause impulsive production of pain and discomfort mist remain in full reflexes, but also produce conscious physiological activity, so that it can discomfort, pain is the most urgent play its part in defence of the or- symptom with which the medical ganism, whienever noxiotus stimuli man is cormpelled to deal.At the reacb a higlh grade of intensity.samrhe time it forms one of the most Fthalamo Such dominance of a higlher centre important diagnostic aids, if rightly over tlle activities of another, 'sub.inteirpreted.But in so many cases -F.cortlcO) serving more primitive modes of its meaning is misunderstood; the .thaam.response, is exemplified by tlle rela- initonhsity of the patient's suffering tion between tlhQ cortex and optic cries for relief, and attention is more Ni thalamus.This is the end-station often focussed on easing the pain aI a for all t se afferent ipulses sub- than upon its diagnostic significance._-1Sseving the more affective forms of
Hazards of Ethacrynic Acid
Authors: William G. Chaffee
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  In the review article entitled Acute Renal Failure by Merrill (211:289, 1970), it is recommended that a test dose of ethacrynic acid as high as 200 mg be given to assist in determining the existence of prerenal failure.  I feel that this procedure carries certain definite hazards.  First, in a patient who may already have a volume depletion, additional fluid depletion after the administration of this highly potent diuretic may further compromise the marginally functional kidneys.  Second, there are now a number of reported cases of both transient and possibly permanent deafness associated with the use of this diuretic in the presence of azotemia (Lancet1:41, 1969; Lancet1:77, 1969; andArch Intern Med11:715, 1966).  Unless there are adequate data substantiating the value of the procedure, it is my feeling that the risks definitely outweigh the benefits of this therapeutic maneuver.
On Squeezing Balloons
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder, Joel C. Cantor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Medical cost containment has been compared to squeezing a balloon — constraining one end causes the other end to bulge. The relentless rise in national health care expenditures — estimated to consume over $700 billion and more than 12 percent of our gross national product in 1991 — has inspired numerous countermeasures. During the past two decades these have included creating incentives to join health maintenance organizations; utilization-review programs to curb unnecessary care; health planning constraints to prevent excess numbers of beds and unnecessary duplication of technology; price controls; malpractice reforms; coinsurance and deductibles to reduce patient demand; reductions in . . .
Demonstration of Intercoronary Anastomoses in Human Hearts with a Low Viscosity Perfusion Mass
Authors: S. L. ROBBINS, M. SOLOMON, A. BENNETT
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The coronary arteries of 120 nonselected human hearts were perfused with a low viscosity radiopaque medium comprising essentially a suspension of barium sulfate in agar. In each of four groups of 30 hearts, one major artery was perfused, that is, right coronary, left main coronary, left anterior descending trunk, or left circumflex trunk. Anastomoses were detected either by cross-filling of unperfused vessels or by direct stereoscopic visualization. Anastomoses were demonstrable in 84% of the entire series, but the frequency varied between the four groups (right coronary 93%, left main coronary 90%, left anterior descending 90% and left circumflex 60%). The presence of stenotic disease did not seem to affect the frequency of demonstrable stenosis since 84% of the hearts virtually free of arterial disease contained recognizable stenoses as compared with 92% of hearts with a stenosis of more than 50% of the arterial lumen. Neither did age, hypertension or left ventricular hypertrophy produce any alteration in the frequency rates. There were seven hearts with occlusive disease; only five contained demonstrable anastomoses. The 19 hearts in the total series in which anastomoses could not be found were derived from patients, some of advanced age, some young, some having occlusive arterial disease and some hypertension. The results of the study suggest that anastomoses are present in most hearts unrelated to clinical disease. They may be increased in size or number by factors that affect coronary hemodynamics, but the present study does not investigate this possibility.
Measuring readmission rates.
Authors: M Chambers, A Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Dietary intake was studied in 121 women with gall stones (identified in a prevalence survey using ultrasonography) and a similar number of age-matched controls in order to investigate nutritional factors in the aetiology of the condition. Despite the appreciably lower frequency of gall stones in vegetarians as compared with non-vegetarian women (11.5% and 24.6% respectively) nutrient intake did not differ between cases and controls. This may indicate the existence of a threshold effect where virtually all non-vegetarian women in affluent societies have a diet high in saturated fat, animal protein, and simple sugar to the extent that it is not possible to distinguish between cases and controls. In women with newly discovered gall stones, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal symptoms was no different from that in the controls. Thus cholecystectomies carried out to relieve relatively low grade symptoms may not do so.
Norwegian researcher admits that his data were faked
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The New England Journal of Medicine has joined the Lancet in issuing a statement of concern about papers the journals published by the Norwegian researcher Jon Sudbo, currently at the centre of allegations of research fraud.

It follows an announcement by officials at Radium Hospital in Oslo that Dr Sudbo, a senior consultant who wrote a paper on the link between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral cancer, has told his employers that data were faked.

The study published by the Lancet in October (2005;366: 1359-66) claimed to be …
Corticosteroids and Varicella Pneumonia; or Skepticism, the Chastity of the Intellect
Authors: E. A. HILDRETH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

Editorials1 September 1961Corticosteroids and Varicella Pneumonia; or Skepticism, the Chastity of the IntellectE. A. HILDRETH, M.D., F.A.C.P.E. A. HILDRETH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-55-3-531 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe discussion, in this issue, of pneumonia complicating varicella presents one of the largest series of these cases yet reported. Many clinicians have suspected that pneumonia is a common complication of varicella but since the findings in clinical examinations of the lungs have been few and minor, more accurate definition of the lung lesions by X-ray examination has rarely been sought. Substantiation of the pneumonia by careful roentgenologic study in a large series of patients has long been needed.However, the most significant contribution of this report lies in the observation that although none of the patients received corticosteroids, all...Reference1. MERMELSTEINFREIREICH RHAW: Varicella pneumonia. Ann. Intern. Med. 55: 456, 1961. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania 209 Maloney Clinic 36th and Spruce Streets Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHerpes- und verwandte VirenThrombocytopenia and Massive Gangrene Following Varicella 1 September 1961Volume 55, Issue 3Page: 531-532KeywordsLesionsLungsPneumonia Issue Published: 1 September 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
The NHS: there when you really need it?
Authors: A. Ferris
Journal: BMJ (1996)

I first got to know George (not his real name) after his treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He had gone blind once and had to have emergency radiotherapy for a secondary deposit in his visual cortex. Like many patients, he was an uncomplaining soul who wanted to know more about his diagnosis and prognosis. I answered his questions as fully as I could but, like many people, he found the uncertainty hard to cope with. He accepted that I was not hiding things from him and was telling him the truth as fully as I could.

Over the weeks and months I learnt more about how he had coped first with his coronary artery bypass grafts, how he had looked after his wife who had died of cancer, and how he was coping with his children who had been in their mid-teens when all this had happened. Unfortunately, he began to deteriorate and started taking more and more drugs to control his symptoms. His dexamethasone was increased and he …
Conundrums in childhood asthma severity, control, and health care use: Puerto Rico versus Rhode Island
Authors: Cynthia A. Esteban, Robert B. Klein, Elizabeth L. McQuaid, Gregory K. Fritz, Ronald Seifer, Sheryl J. Kopel, Jose Rodriguez Santana, Angel Colon, Maria Alvarez, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Alexander N. Ortega, Brenda Martinez-Nieves, Glorisa Canino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Coronary stenting in the elderly: early in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes
Authors: A.S. Abizaid, J.J. Popma, R. Mehran, A. Abizaid, C.E. Clark, A.D. Pichard, K.M. Kent, L.F. Satler, M.B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Spencer's Pathology of the Lung
Authors: Walter F. Coulson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In the beginning there was Spencer, and since the last edition in 1985 we have seen two editions of Dail and Hammar and two editions of Thurlbeck and Churg. Whereas new editions of some of the larger books are splitting into two volumes,Spencer's Pathology of the Lunghas recombined the two volumes of the fourth edition into a single large volume of 1283 pages, which compares in size with its two competitors. Herbert Spencer was the sole author of the last edition, an impossible act to follow, and Dr Hasleton has recruited 32 contributors from six countries for the new edition. The majority are British, and Hasleton himself is an author on 17 of the 36 chapters, the single author on 10 of these.  Although Hasleton and the late Professor Spencer started to write the fifth edition together, and it still bears Spencer's name, it must now be regarded
Atypical marginal zone hyperplasia of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue: a reactive condition of childhood showing immunoglobulin lambda light-chain restriction
Authors: Ayoma D. Attygalle, Hongxiang Liu, Sima Shirali, Timothy C. Diss, Christoph Loddenkemper, Harald Stein, Ahmet Dogan, Ming-Qing Du, Peter G. Isaacson
Journal: Blood (2004)
Early practical experience and the social responsiveness of clinical education: systematic review
Authors: Sonia Littlewood, Valmae Ypinazar, Stephen A Margolis, Albert Scherpbier, John Spencer, Tim Dornan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To find how early experience in clinical and community settings ("early experience") affects medical education, and identify strengths and limitations of the available evidence. <b>Design</b> A systematic review rating, by consensus, the strength and importance of outcomes reported in the decade 1992-2001. <b>Data sources</b> Bibliographical databases and journals were searched for publications on the topic, reviewed under the auspices of the recently formed Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) collaboration. <b>Selection of studies</b> All empirical studies (verifiable, observational data) were included, whatever their design, method, or language of publication. <b>Results</b> Early experience was most commonly provided in community settings, aiming to recruit primary care practitioners for underserved populations. It increased the popularity of primary care residencies, albeit among self selected students. It fostered self awareness and empathic attitudes towards ill people, boosted students9 confidence, motivated them, gave them satisfaction, and helped them develop a professional identity. By helping develop interpersonal skills, it made entering clerkships a less stressful experience. Early experience helped students learn about professional roles and responsibilities, healthcare systems, and health needs of a population. It made biomedical, behavioural, and social sciences more relevant and easier to learn. It motivated and rewarded teachers and patients and enriched curriculums. In some countries, junior students provided preventive health care directly to underserved populations. <b>Conclusion</b> Early experience helps medical students learn, helps them develop appropriate attitudes towards their studies and future practice, and orientates medical curriculums towards society9s needs. Experimental evidence of its benefit is unlikely to be forthcoming and yet more medical schools are likely to provide it. Effort could usefully be concentrated on evaluating the methods and outcomes of early experience provided within non-experimental research designs, and using that evaluation to improve the quality of curriculums.
Muscular Pain during Therapy with Carbenoxolone (Biogastrone)
Authors: T. N. Morgan, I. Donald, G. M. McAndrew
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Cine-angiography of the Mitral Valve SIR,-At some time in our lives all of us have enjoyed the films, and one of the intense pleasures of modern cardiology is sitting at ease in an armchair examining the function of the mitral valve in the manner described in your leading article (4 June, p. 1377).However, it is dangerous to assume that the cardiologist's enthusiasm for the movies justi- fies his abandoning the older, simpler, and safer measures for the newer, more expensive, and most dangerous.Naturally occurring cases of advanced rheumatic mitral disease-that is, those not
Osteoporosis in hemodialysis patients revisited by bone histomorphometry: A new insight into an old problem
Authors: F.C. Barreto, D.V. Barreto, R.M.A. Moyses, C.L. Neves, V. Jorgetti, S.A. Draibe, M.E. Canziani, A.B. Carvalho
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
DEA Tightens Restrictions on Hydrocodone Combination Products
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progressive Myelopathy in a 32-Year-Old Man
Authors: Kedar Chintapalli
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>History</h3> A 32-year-old man presented with bilateral progressive paresthesia and numbness over a two-year period following a motor vehicle accident. He reported the recent onset of urinary incontinence. On examination, decrease in pain and sensation to touch and pinprick in both lower extremities, more marked on the left side, was elicited. The findings of electromyographic studies were consistent with involvement of the posterior primary rami at the T10-11 level. Lateral roentgenograms of the thoracic spine showed a triangular bony density projecting into the spinal canal (open arrow) at the site of T10-11 (Fig 1). Low-dose metrizamide myelography with computed tomography (CT) was accomplished. The CT scans will be demonstrated subsequently. An operative procedure was performed. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at T10 through T12 causing myelopathy. A CT scan using low doses of metrizamide shows ossification of the ligamentum flavum (LF) (open arrows), compressing the spinal cord at T10-11