tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognosis in diabetic nephropathy: Authors' reply
Authors: H.-H. Parving, E. Hommel
Journal: BMJ (1989)

the whole county at the 1971 and 1981 censuses and if we use the proportions of registrations that occur in these age groups we obtain the following: at age 0-14 years there were nine observed cases compared with 7 3 expected (not significant); at age 15-24 years there were 10 observed cases compared with 3 1 expected (p = 0 0014).rhus the significant excess occurs in young adults, not children.It would be interesting to know the exact diagnoses.Thirdly, of the 19 cases, 13 occurred in patients born before 1964, the year that Hinkley Point started operations.This is important in view of speculation that a route involving exposure of the unborn child to radiation is responsible for the excesses of leukaemia observed at, for example, Seascale.
Constraining production theories: Principled motivation, consistency, homunculi, underspecification, failed predictions, and contrary data
Authors: Julio Santiago, Donald G. MacKay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Despite several positive features, such as extensive theoretical and empirical scope, aspects of Levelt, Roelofs &amp; Meyer's theory can be challenged on theoretical grounds (inconsistent principles for phonetic versus phonological syllables, use of sophisticated homunculi, underspecification, and lack of principled motivation) and empirical grounds (failed predictions regarding effects of syllable frequency and incompatibility with observed effects of syllable structure).
Nurse leadership and patient safety
Authors: C. Agnew, R. Flin, J. Reid
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the hypothesis that high usage of clotting factor concentrate, rather than HIV infection, is the cause of immunodeficiency and AIDS in men with haemophilia. <b>Design</b>: A comparison of AIDS defining conditions and CD4 counts in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with haemophilia matched for usage of clotting factor concentrate. <b>Setting</b>: A comprehensive care haemophilia centre. <b>Subjects</b>: 17 HIV positive and 17 HIV negative male patients with haemophilia A (age range 12-60 at beginning of study period) who had received similar amounts of clotting factor concentrate yearly over the years 1980-90. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Clinical events listed as AIDS defining in the Centers for Disease Control AIDS definition; CD4 lymphocyte counts; death. <b>Results</b>: Of 108 HIV positive male patients with haemophilia A, only 17 could be matched to an HIV negative patient. This was due to the much higher average usage of factor VIII in the HIV positive group. Between 1980 and 1990, 16 clinical events occurred in nine of the 17 HIV positive patients. No event occurred in the 17 HIV negative patients. In each pair the mean CD4 count during follow up was, on average, 0.5x10<sup>9</sup>/l lower in the HIV positive patient. <b>Conclusion</b>: These data reject the hypothesis that high usage of clotting factor concentrate, rather than HIV infection, is the cause of immunodeficiency and AIDS in men with haemophilia. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages This confounding is removed in studies comparing the development of immunodeficiency and AIDS defining diseases in patients matched for usage of clotting factor concentrate In this study clinical events listed as part of the AIDS definition were restricted to HIV positive patients, and CD4 counts were lower in these patients Present data reject the hypothesis that high usage of clotting factor concentrate, rather than HIV infection, is the cause of immunodeficiency and AIDS in men with haemophilia
Homeobox genes d11–d13 and a13 control mouse autopod cortical bone and joint formation
Authors: Pablo Villavicencio-Lorini, Pia Kuss, Julia Friedrich, Julia Haupt, Muhammed Farooq, Seval Türkmen, Denis Duboule, Jochen Hecht, Stefan Mundlos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The molecular mechanisms that govern bone and joint formation are complex, involving an integrated network of signaling pathways and gene regulators. We investigated the role of Hox genes, which are known to specify individual segments of the skeleton, in the formation of autopod limb bones (i.e., the hands and feet) using the mouse mutant synpolydactyly homolog (spdh), which encodes a polyalanine expansion in Hoxd13. We found that no cortical bone was formed in the autopod in spdh/spdh mice; instead, these bones underwent trabecular ossification after birth. Spdh/spdh metacarpals acquired an ovoid shape and developed ectopic joints, indicating a loss of long bone characteristics and thus a transformation of metacarpals into carpal bones. The perichondrium of spdh/spdh mice showed abnormal morphology and decreased expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which was identified as a direct Hoxd13 transcriptional target. Hoxd11–/–Hoxd12–/–Hoxd13–/– triple-knockout mice and Hoxd13–/–Hoxa13+/– mice exhibited similar but less severe defects, suggesting that these Hox genes have similar and complementary functions and that the spdh allele acts as a dominant negative. This effect was shown to be due to sequestration of other polyalanine-containing transcription factors by the mutant Hoxd13 in the cytoplasm, leading to their degradation. These data indicate that Hox genes not only regulate patterning but also directly influence bone formation and the ossification pattern of bones, in part via Runx2.
A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Sequential Methotrexate and Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Patients with Node-Negative Breast Cancer Who Have Estrogen-Receptor-Negative Tumors
Authors: B Fisher, C Redmond, N V Dimitrov, D Bowman, S Legault-Poisson, D L Wickerham, N Wolmark, E R Fisher, R Margolese, C Sutherland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Sequential Methotrexate and Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Patients with Node-Negative Breast Cancer Who Have Estrogen-Receptor-Negative Tumors
Steroid Injection of Myxoid Finger Cysts
Authors: Ernst Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Cutaneous myxoid finger cysts, also called digital cysts or synovial cysts, are a vexing therapeutic problem. While harmless, myxoid cysts of the fingers are unsightly and frequently cause discomfort. After attempts to remove them by a variety of surgical procedures, they generally recur. The frustrated surgeon may eventually resort to wide excision and skin grafting. Unfortunately the pesky digital myxoid cyst tends to recur after even such a formidable assault. Johnson, Graham and Helwig<sup>1</sup>recently stated that "Injection of triamcinolone or other similar steroids into cutaneous myxoid cysts is a simple and effective method of treatment." This conclusion was based on results in one patient, although the authors add that "other patients at our institution have recently been treated successfully by injection of triamcinolone into the lesion." No statement was made as to the length of follow-up. Smith, Skipworth, and Vanderploeg<sup>2</sup>recommended a similar approach
Action of cholecystokinin and cholinergic agents on calcium transport in isolated pancreatic acinar cells.
Authors: J D Gardner, T P Conlon, H L Kleveman, T D Adams, M A Ondetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-octapeptide) and the cholinergic agent carbamylcholine each produced a fourfold stimulation of calcium outflux in guinea pig isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Neither agent altered calcium influx. Stimulation of calcium outflux was rapid and specific, was abolished by reducing the incubation temperature to 4 degrees C, and was a saturable function of the secretagogue concentration. The concentrations of CCK-octapeptide and carbamylcholine that produced half-maximal stimulation of calcium outflux were 3.1 x 10(-10) M and 4.9 x 10(-5) M, respectively. The cholinergic antagonist antropine competitively inhibited carbamylcholine stimulation of calcium outflux but did not alter stimulation produced by CCK-octapeptide. Stimulation of calcium outflux by maximal concentrations of carbamycholine plus CCK-octapeptide was the same as that produced by a maximal concentration of either agent alone.Calcium outflux became refractory to stimulation by secretagogues, and incubation with either CCK-ostapeptide or carbamylcholine produced a refractoriness to both agents. The relative potencies with CCK and its related fragments stimulated calcium outflux were CCK-octapeptide greater than heptapeptide greater than CCK greater than hexapeptide = gastrin. Secretin, glucagon, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, at concentrations as high as 10(-5) M, failed to alter calcium outflux and did not affect stimulation by CCK-octapeptide or by carbamycholine.
10-minute consultation: First episode psychosis
Authors: H. Lester
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is part of a series of occasional articles on common problems in primary care A 17 year old man complains of sleep problems and bad dreams. He has recently given up his college course and spends his days alone in his bedroom reading science fiction and fantasy books. He looks slightly dishevelled and dejected, makes little eye contact, and his replies are often monosyllabic. #### First episode psychosis ##### Warning symptoms of possible psychological vulnerability ##### When psychosis is suspected, ask about changes in: Adapted with permission from the Initiative to Reduce the Impact of Schizophrenia's clinical guidelines and service frameworks (www.iris-initiative.org.uk/)
Medical Education and Marketplace Competition
Authors: Peter Coggan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —The article by Mr Veloski and colleagues 1 describing the status of medical student education in managed care settings briefly mentions a health maintenance organization (HMO) medical school project with which I was involved.  In 1994 I joined FHP Health Care, Inc, a mixed staff-model and independent practice association HMO, to conduct a study to determine the feasibility of establishing a new managed care medical school. The chairman of the board knew that existing medical schools wanted his organization's financial support, but felt that they were unwilling or unable to make fundamental changes in their education programs to respond to the needs of managed care. 2 After 8 months of work, a conceptually sound and quite innovative medical school proposal was developed only to be abruptly terminated.  Increasing competition in the marketplace and the Pressure of meeting financial targets, coupled with the acquisition by FHP Health Care of
Risk Factors for Death among Children Less than 5 Years Old Hospitalized with Diarrhea in Rural Western Kenya, 2005–2007: A Cohort Study
Authors: Ciara E. O'Reilly, Peter Jaron, Benjamin Ochieng, Amek Nyaguara, Jacqueline E. Tate, Michele B. Parsons, Cheryl A. Bopp, Kara A. Williams, Jan Vinjé, Elizabeth Blanton, Kathleen A. Wannemuehler, John Vulule, Kayla F. Laserson, Robert F. Breiman, Daniel R. Feikin, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Eric Mintz
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Background Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Data on risk factors for mortality are limited. We conducted hospital-based surveillance to characterize the etiology of diarrhea and identify risk factors for death among children hospitalized with diarrhea in rural western Kenya. Methods and Findings We enrolled all children <5 years old, hospitalized with diarrhea (≥3 loose stools in 24 hours) at two district hospitals in Nyanza Province, western Kenya. Clinical and demographic information was collected. Stool specimens were tested for bacterial and viral pathogens. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify risk factors for death. From May 23, 2005 to May 22, 2007, 1,146 children <5 years old were enrolled; 107 (9%) children died during hospitalization. Nontyphoidal Salmonella were identified in 10% (118), Campylobacter in 5% (57), and Shigella in 4% (42) of 1,137 stool samples; rotavirus was detected in 19% (196) of 1,021 stool samples. Among stools from children who died, nontyphoidal Salmonella were detected in 22%, Shigella in 11%, rotavirus in 9%, Campylobacter in 5%, and S. Typhi in <1%. In multivariable analysis, infants who died were more likely to have nontyphoidal Salmonella (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6·8; 95% CI 3·1–14·9), and children <5 years to have Shigella (aOR = 5·5; 95% CI 2·2–14·0) identified than children who survived. Children who died were less likely to be infected with rotavirus (OR = 0·4; 95% CI 0·2–0·8). Further risk factors for death included being malnourished (aOR = 4·2; 95% CI 2·1–8·7); having oral thrush on physical exam (aOR = 2·3; 95% CI 1·4–3·8); having previously sought care at a hospital for the illness (aOR = 2·2; 95% CI 1·2–3·8); and being dehydrated as diagnosed at discharge/death (aOR = 2·5; 95% CI 1·5–4·1). A clinical diagnosis of malaria, and malaria parasites seen on blood smear, were not associated with increased risk of death. This study only captured in-hospital childhood deaths, and likely missed a substantial number of additional deaths that occurred at home. Conclusion Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Shigella are associated with mortality among rural Kenyan children with diarrhea who access a hospital. Improved prevention and treatment of diarrheal disease is necessary. Enhanced surveillance and simplified laboratory diagnostics in Africa may assist clinicians in appropriately treating potentially fatal diarrheal illness. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Aflatrem: a tremorgenic mycotoxin with acute neurotoxic effects.
Authors: J J Valdes, J E Cameron, R J Cole
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Tremorgenic mycotoxins induce neurologic symptoms ranging from mental confusion to tremors, seizures and death, and are apparently the only class of mycotoxins with significant central nervous system activity. Tremorgens have been implicated in a number of neurologic diseases of cattle collectively known as staggers syndromes, and pose significant agricultural and health problems for both cattle and humans. Although the effects of tremorgens are thought to result from transient perturbations of amino acid neurotransmitter release mechanisms, there is reason to believe that acute exposures to toxins with such synaptic effects may result in degeneration of neuronal fiber processes. To test this hypothesis, rats were given a single tremorgenic (3 mg/kg, IP) dose of aflatrem, and kinetics of amino acid neurotransmitter uptake was assessed in isolated hippocampal nerve terminals at 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after injection. Results indicate a decrease in the capacity of the GABA and glutamate uptake systems, which was interpreted as a loss of nerve terminals. The affinity constants suggest a decrease in release of these transmitters as well. In addition to its transient influence on transmitter release, a single low dose of aflatrem is able to induce degeneration of neuronal processes in hippocampal neurotransmitter systems and therefore represents a long-term health threat.
From Waste to Value in Health Care
Authors: Thomas F. Boat
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INCISION FOR THE EXTRACTION OF CATARACT AND THE IRIDECTOMY.
Authors: JOHN E. WEEKS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In studying the incision employed for the extraction of cataract we need not go further back in the history of the incision than the time of Daviel.<sup>1</sup>The operation of extraction, as a recognized method of removing cataract originated with Daviel, the method having been matured about the year 1750. The incision employed most frequently by Daviel and the one referred to when the term "Daviel's incision" is used is a flap incision (Fig. 1) made entirely in the corneal tissue close to the scleral margin. The cornea was first pierced by means of a broad needle at its lower margin; then, by means of small, blunt-pointed knives and by curved scissors (Daviel's scissors, right and left), the incision was continued on either side until almost two-thirds of the cornea near its margin had been divided. In the latter years of Daviel's life the incision was made shorter. In
The IL-17F signaling pathway is involved in the induction of IFN-γ–inducible protein 10 in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Mio Kawaguchi, Fumio Kokubu, Shau-Ku Huang, Tetsuya Homma, Miho Odaka, Shin Watanabe, Shintaro Suzuki, Koushi Ieki, Satoshi Matsukura, Masatsugu Kurokawa, Mitsuru Adachi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Evaluation of Iron Stores by Chelates.
Authors: L. A. Harker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Evaluation of Iron Stores by Chelates.L. A. Harker, M.D., D. D. Funk, M.D., C. A. Finch, M.D.L. A. Harker, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, D. D. Funk, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. A. Finch, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1168_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStorage iron is widely dispersed within the reticuloendothelial and parenchymal cells of the body. The iron within reticuloendothelial cells represents normal stores, and reticuloendothelial iron overload is clinically benign. In contrast, increased parenchymal iron deposits are associated with the manifestations of hemochromatosis. The possibility of differentiating these two types of storage iron by the synthetic chelates was investigated. In 120 human subjects measurements were made of plasma iron, total iron-binding capacity, liver and marrow biopsies, plasma iron turnover, and urinary and fecal iron excretion after deferoxamine and DTPA. In addition, the distribution of59Fe-tagged feroxamine was determined in urine, stool,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: L. A. Harker, M.D.; D. D. Funk, M.D.; C. A. Finch, M.D.Affiliations: Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1168-1168KeywordsBiopsyBlood plasmaBone marrowCellsExcretionHemochromatosisLiverTotal iron binding capacityUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BURDEN AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNE DEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: RESULTS FROM A SINGLE-CENTER REGISTRY
Authors: Kleanthis Theodoropoulos, Marco Mennuni, Samantha Sartori, Omar Meelu, Ioannis Mastoris, Nisharahmed Kherada, Robert Pyo, Usman Baber, Prakash Krishnan, Pedro Moreno, Roxana Mehran, George Dangas, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Insulin and glucose as modulators of the amino acid-induced glucagon release in the isolated pancreas of alloxan and streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Authors: A S Pagliara, S N Stillings, M W Haymond, B A Hover, F M Matschinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The hyperglucagonemia that occurs in vivo in animals made diabetic with alloxan or streptozotocin is not suppressed by high glucose but is suppressed by exogenous insulin. These observations together with other studies suggested that insulin-dependent glucose transport and metabolism by the alpha-cells serves as the primary mechanism controlling glucagon secretion. This hypothesis was tested in the present investigation. The possible interactions between glucose, insulin, and a mixture of 20 amino acids at physiological proportions were examined in the isolated-perfusin diabetic rats. Release of insulin and glucagon were used as indicators of theta-cell and alpha-cell function. According to rigid criteria the diabetic animals entering the study were severely diabetic. It was found that in vitro: (a) basal glucagon release (measured in the absence of an alpha-cell stimulus or inhibitor) was extremely low, even lower (i.e. 10%) than the basal rates seen in controls; (b) the alpha-cells of alloxanized- and streptozotocin-treated rats responded with a biphasic glucagon release to stimulation by an amino acid mixture; (c) this alpha-cell response was reduced after both streptozotocin and alloxan; (d) glucose at 5 mM was a potent inhibitor of amino acid-induced glucagon secretion in both types of experimental diabetes; (e) in alloxan diabetes alpha-cell stimulation by amino acids can be curbed by exogenous insulin, whereas glucagon secretion by the perfused pancreas of streptoxotocin diabetic rats appeared to be resistant to insulin action. The data indicate that the modulation of glucagon secretion by glucose in vitro is indipendent of insulin and that other unknown factors extrinsic to the pancreatic islets are responsible for the hyperglucagonemia observed in vivo.
STAPHYLOCOCCIC MENINGITIS WITH RECOVERY
Authors: John E. Dunlap
Journal: JAMA (1935)

My purpose in this report is to present a case of Staphylococcus aureus meningitis in which a complete recovery was made during treatment with Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage administered intraspinally. Conclusions should not be drawn from one case. A single successfully treated case, however, seems worthy of being added to the scant literature relative to this almost invariably fatal illness, as a series of treated staphylococcic meningitis cases is difficult to obtain. Schless<sup>1</sup>reported the first and only case in detail in the literature of a successfully treated Staphylococcus aureus meningitis with bacteriophage administered intraspinally. He used larger amounts of the bacteriophage than were used in the present case, but his results were very similar. Stout<sup>2</sup>reported treating successfully two cases of staphylococcic meningitis with bacteriophage, but no details of the case were given. In this paper no attempt will be made to discuss bacteriophage theraphy itself, as this