tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Massachusetts Patients' Bill of Rights: Cabbages, Kings, Sausages and Laws
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

A NEW breakthrough has come in the legal development of patient's rights. The Massachusetts Legislature, one of the most cautious and slow-moving lawmaking bodies in the nation, has enacted a quite comprehensive Bill of Rights for patients. The law was passed late in the 1979 session and became effective on August 23, 1979. (The text of the act is reprinted after this column.)Most interesting for readers of the Journal, the Massachusetts Bill, for the first time in such laws, deals separately with the responsibility of "the physician" and the administration of the facilities covered by the legislation: hospitals, clinics, . . .
Association between myeloid malignancies and acquired deficit in protein 4.1R: A retrospective analysis of six patients
Authors: Cécile Alanio‐Bréchot, Pierre‐Olivier Schischmanoff, Madeleine Fénéant‐Thibault, Thérèse Cynober, Gil Tchernia, Jean Delaunay, Loïc Garçon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Constitutional deficit in the erythroid protein 4.1 (4.1R), a structural component of the erythrocyte membrane, is implicated in hereditary elliptocytosis. Acquired deficit in protein 4.1R have been rarely described in myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we report a series of six patients presenting a myelodysplastic or a myeloproliferative disease in association with an elliptocytosis curve on osmotic gradient ektacytometry and a significant decrease in protein 4.1R level. We confirm that deficit in protein 4.1R is recurrent in myeloid malignancies and should be particularly investigated when deletion del (20 q) is present, since we found this chromosomal abnormality in four out of six patients.
LC–MS/MS assay for olanzapine in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study
Authors: Dinesh S. Patel, Naveen Sharma, Mukesh C. Patel, Bhavin N. Patel, Pranav S. Shrivastav, Mallika Sanyal
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

This paper describes a selective and sensitive assay for the determination of olanzapine (OLZ) in human plasma based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The analyte and quetiapine as internal standard (IS) were extracted from 200 μL plasma via solid phase extraction on Waters Oasis HLB cartridges. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACE 5C18-300 column (100 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) under isocratic conditions in a run time of 3.5 min. Mass spectrometric detection involved electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode followed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the transitions at m/z 313/256 for OLZ and m/z 384/253 for the IS. The assay was linear in the range 0.10–40.0 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantitation and limit of detection of 0.10 and 0.012 ng/mL, respectively. Intra- and inter-day precision (as coefficient of variation) and relative recovery were <5.0% and >90%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study of 5 and 10 mg OLZ disintegrating tablets in 40 healthy Indian males with reproducibility by incurred sample reanalysis in the range −7.43 to 8.07%.
Excess winter mortality: influenza or cold stress? Observational study
Authors: G C Donaldson, W R Keatinge
Journal: BMJ (2002)

consistently because of pressure on time and competing priorities.Overall, the results are challenging and of direct practical relevance.Advice by doctors and nurses reaches primarily light "non-dependent" smokers. 13 Patients who suffer serious health consequences of their smoking, are keen to stop, and yet carry on smoking are typically highly dependent, and single session interventions do not seem to have sufficient power to help them.In these groups, interventions comprising several sessions with specialists have been shown to be effective. 14 The new specialist smoking cessation services, which are funded by the government and are now established in all health authorities to provide intensive behavioural and pharmacological treatments should collaborate with staff on wards and include hospital patients as one of their priority target groups.We thank the cardiac rehabilitation nurses who took part in this study and their managers for the high quality of their input.The following hospitals took part: Barnet General, Basildon, Crawley, Derriford in Plymouth, Epsom General, Greenwich District, Homerton, Joyce Green in Dartford, King's College, The London Chest, Newham General, Royal Brompton and Harefield, The
Effect of terbutaline sulphate in chronic "allergic" cough.
Authors: R Ellul-Micallef
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The effects of terbutaline sulphate were studied in 30 patients who presented with chronic cough at an allergy clinic. After a three week baseline period terbutaline and its placebo were given for two periods of three weeks each in a randomised, double blind, crossover manner. Patients kept a daily record of day and night cough scores and peak expiratory flow readings. Twenty one patients responded to terbutaline; placebo produced no significant effect. Both day and night cough scores (p less than 0.001) and peak expiratory flow rates were significantly improved (p less than 0.05) by the end of the first week of treatment with terbutaline. This improvement was achieved with only a fairly small change in airway calibre.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–Stimulated Actin Reorganization and Migration of Endothelial Cells Is Regulated via the Serine/Threonine Kinase Akt
Authors: Manuel Morales-Ruiz, David Fulton, Grzegorz Sowa, Lucia R. Languino, Yasushi Fujio, Kenneth Walsh, William C. Sessa
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and actin reorganization, all necessary components of an angiogenic response. However, the distinct signal transduction mechanisms leading to each angiogenic phenotype are not known. In this study, we examined the ability of VEGF to stimulate cell migration and actin rearrangement in microvascular endothelial cells infected with adenoviruses encoding beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), activation-deficient Akt (AA-Akt), or constitutively active Akt (myr-Akt). VEGF increased cell migration in cells transduced with beta-gal, whereas AA-Akt blocked VEGF-induced cell locomotion. Interestingly, myr-Akt transduction of bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells stimulated cytokinesis in the absence of VEGF, suggesting that constitutively active Akt, per se, can initiate the process of cell migration. Treatment of beta-gal-infected endothelial cells with an inhibitor of NO synthesis blocked VEGF-induced migration but did not influence migration initiated by myr-Akt. In addition, VEGF stimulated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton into stress fibers, a response abrogated by infection with dominant-negative Akt, whereas transduction with myr-Akt alone caused profound reorganization of F-actin. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Akt is critically involved in endothelial cell signal transduction mechanisms leading to migration and that the Akt/endothelial NO synthase pathway is necessary for VEGF-stimulated cell migration.
Prospective Study of Early Neonatal Screening for Phenylketonuria
Authors: David L. Meryash, Harvey L. Levy, Robert Guthrie, Robert Warner, Sally Bloom, Jane R. Carr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Identification of phenylketonuria (PKU) in the newborn by routine screening depends on the presence of an increased concentration of phenylalanine in the blood when the specimen is obtained. In infants with PKU, phenylalanine is not substantially increased at birth.1 It does, however, increase postnatally as a consequence of the infant's inability to metabolize the phenylalanine that is ingested or liberated from the breakdown of endogenous protein.In the United States, the initial blood specimen for PKU screening is obtained near the time of discharge from the nursery, which is usually on the third day of life. Because of the current . . .
ELECTROLYSIS FOR SUPERFLUOUS HAIR
Authors: Richard Kovacs
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —May I add some comments to the inquiry appearing inThe Journal, March 6, page 709, as to the proper outfit for the removal of superfluous hair by electrolysis, and the reply thereto, which does not quite cover two important points. Electrolysis is based on the polarity action of the constant (galvanic) current. A fine, bulbous pointed platinum needle is inserted into the hair follicle, and connected to the negative pole (cathode) of a source of galvanic current: either a few dry cells connected into a battery, or the commercial "direct" current passing through a suitable resistance (rheostat) or the "alternating" current changed into a direct one by a motor generator. A gauze or sponge covered "indifferent" electrode, held by the patient, is connected to the positive pole (anode). A current of about 2 milliamperes, flowing for not more than twenty seconds, will produce sufficient caustic sodium
Abstract 1151: <i>cMYC</i> amplification in colon cancer: A novel association with <i>BRAF</i> V600E and proficient DNA mismatch repair
Authors: Amy J. French, Daniel Sargent, Nathan Foster, Brian Kabat, Hilary Blair, Paul Limburg, Robert Vierkant, Alice Wang, Lori Tillmans, Stephen Thibodeau
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Colon cancer is categorized by the acquisition of a number of molecular alterations in both oncogenes and in tumor suppressor genes. Although cMYC alterations have been reported in colon cancer cell lines, little other information exists in primary colon tumors. We sought to determine the frequency of cMYC amplification in primary colon cancer and its relationship to other well defined colon tumor alterations. Methods: An initial set of 392 tumors were evaluated. All samples were tested for the BRAF V600E mutation and all were classified as proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) based on both IHC and microsatellite analysis of tumor tissue. A second set of 522 tumors was selected to replicate associations identified in the first set of samples. Similar to the initial cohort, both the BRAF V600E and the mismatch repair status of the tumors were assessed. The second cohort, however, included tumors that were both pMMR and dMMR. In both sets of samples, fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to evaluate cMYC gene amplification. Results: In cohort 1, cMYC amplification was observed in 15 of the 362 (4%) pMMR tumors successfully analyzed (Table 1). cMYC amplification was detected in 10 of 323 (3%) tumors with normal BRAF status vs. 5 of 39 (13%) tumors with altered BRAF status (p=0.015). In the second cohort, cMYC amplification was found in 20 of the 522 (4%) tumors. Only 1 of the 152 (&amp;lt;1%) dMMR tumors had cMYC amplification vs. 19 of the 370 (5%) pMMR tumors (p=0.012). Of the pMMR tumors, cMYC amplification was detected in 13 of 333 (4%) tumors with normal BRAF status vs. 6 of 37 (16%) tumors with altered BRAF status (p=0.007), nearly identical to the first group. Conclusion: cMYC amplification in colon cancer is an infrequent event. However, when present, cMYC amplification occurs almost exclusively in tumors that are pMMR. Additionally, among pMMR tumors, cMYC amplification is associated with the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1151. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1151
Deaf lesbians, “designer disability,” and the future of medicine
Authors: Julian Savulescu
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The topic of this article is the subject of a debate in this month's issue of Journal of Medical Ethics. Go to jme.bmjjournals.com to read the debate in full With the completion of the human genome project, the genetic basis of disease is becoming better understood. Genetic tests for disabilities are increasingly becoming available to allow couples with a family history of genetic disease to select healthy offspring. But some couples wish to select for disability. Might there be good reasons for acceding to such requests? A deaf lesbian couple in the United States have deliberately created a deaf child. Sharon Duchesneau and Candy McCullough used their own sperm donor, a deaf friend with five generations of deafness in his family. Like others in the deaf community, Duchesneau and McCullough don't see deafness as a disability. They see being deaf as defining their cultural identity and see signing as a sophisticated, unique form of communication.1–3 (See box 1 for references on commentaries realting to this case.) #### Box 1: Creating deaf babies—commentaries on this case RETURN TO TEXT Zina Emmerson, like her husband and three of her four children, is profoundly deaf. She said: "For me, I would just let it happen naturally. I was happy either way [with my children]. As long as they were healthy. But I can understand why they did it. It's so easy to communicate with your own kids in your language [sign language]."4 #### Summary points
SELECTIVE SERVICE VIOLATORS
Authors: C. G. SOUTHARD, J. R. HURLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

More than 4,000 selective service violators have been convicted. Four hundred and sixty cases were studied. Of these 188 were patients receiving treatment; most of whom appear to have been mentally ill at the time of their violation and conviction. The remaining 272 represent a cross section of convicted violators. Personality types and motives for their actions have been discussed. Representative cases of the two largest groups have been presented. The Selective Service Act has served as a huge dragnet collecting many individuals who would not be suitable for the armed forces even if they had responded to induction. The need for a pre-sentence social study and a psychiatric examination is apparent.
PSICAINE: A NEW LOCAL ANAESTHETIC
Authors: A. J. Copeland
Journal: BMJ (1925)

FMAO 9C'liical Signs.-Thegeneral appearance of a breast is normal wrhen the papillomata are small.When they become large thiev may-deform the breast and even protrude froii a dluct orifice on the surface of the nipple.Tlhere is often theiestoi v of paini, not of a severe character.Somiietimes theio .is a history of discharge of blood or serum from tho niple1.I possess a specimen the clinical signs of which lhad IListed eighit years and a blood discharge from the nipple was onily nloticed once, and tha,t w-as in the middle of its history.WNrhen haeiorrlrhage fromi the nipple occurs, it is a classical sign of papillomata or carciniomiia of a duct.Paliloniata eani exist, however, without iniduicinig lhaemor- hlage from the nipple.Oni palpation one ampulla or more thani onie aiimplllla may be felt enlarged, palpation of which mav iniduce pain aind haemorrhage, or a dischlarge of serum.-Whleni the duct is full of papillomata ani ciliarged ampulla, can be felt, and its ducts and branclhes cami be distiniguislied tor'ttuous anid enilaiged right downi to the perl )lhery.The genieri-al sensation oni palpationi is on1e of nodularity, alid Imlorle tilani onie (Itict mi-ay be affected.
Donor T cells primed on leukemia lysate-pulsed recipient APCs mediate strong graft-versus-leukemia effects across MHC barriers in full chimeras
Authors: Arnab Ghosh, Wolfgang Koestner, Martin Hapke, Verena Schlaphoff, Florian Länger, Rolf Baumann, Christian Koenecke, Markus Cornberg, Karl Welte, Bruce R. Blazar, Martin G. Sauer
Journal: Blood (2009)
Analysis of linkage between the major histocompatibility system and juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes in multiplex families. Reanalysis of data.
Authors: J Barbosa, M M Chern, H Noreen, V E Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Linkage analysis between the major histocompatibility system (HLA) and juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes, assuming an autosomal recessive mode and 50% penetrance was performed on 21 juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetic multiplex families (two or more diabetics per sibship) with phenotypically normal parents. The total lod score was the highest (3.98) at a recombination fraction of 13%. For a penetrance of 100%, the highest total lod score was 2.92 at a recombination fraction of 18%. These results are compatible with the existence of linkage between an autosomal recessive diabetic gene with 50% penetrance and the HLA in some of the families studied. Our ascertainment strategy would be expected to increase the likelihood of selecting for genetically homogenous diabetes and against sporadic forms of the disease. Thus, our findings may apply only to a small proportion of all cases of juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes.
Tuberculosis outbreak among healthcare workers in a community hospital.
Authors: D E Griffith, J L Hardeman, Y Zhang, R J Wallace, G H Mazurek
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Twenty-nine healthcare workers (HCW) were exposed to an active case of unrecognized drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in a community hospital for as long as 2 h in the emergency room and 10 h in a medical intensive care unit. Twelve of the 29 exposed HCW could not be evaluated for tuberculosis infection because 10 of them had a previously positive tuberculin skin test and two were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 17 tuberculin skin test negative HCW, 13 (76%) either converted their skin test to positive (10 HCW) or developed active disease (three HCW) after exposure to the index case. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from the three HCW had identical DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns when studied by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. This case of drug-susceptible tuberculosis was associated with unusually high rates of tuberculosis infection and disease in HCW. Prevention of similar occurrences in HCW may be difficult because of the short exposure time required for transmission of tuberculosis and the absence of consensus on optimal respiratory protective measures.
EFFECT OF AGE ON SERUM LIPOIDS AND PROTEINS
Authors: Lillian E. Baker, Alexis Carrel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The increased inhibiting action of serum with age on the growth of fibroblasts has been shown to be due to changes in both the lipoids and the proteins. Although the serum protein is less inhibiting than the serum lipoid, the rate at which their inhibiting action augments with age is approximately the same. The change in the serum protein with age is due to the disappearance of a small quantity of growth-stimulating substance, and also to an increase in concentration of inhibiting protein. The concentration of all protein fractions becomes larger as age advances. The greater inhibiting action of the lipoid is associated with a higher concentration of total lipoid and lecithin, and a smaller content of cholesterol as the animal grows older. The hypothesis is suggested that the inhibiting action of the serum is associated with its antienzymatic action.
Relationship between hepatic iron levels and gene HFE in hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: I. Blesa, A. Remacha, C. Guarner, P. Sardá, A. Altes, J. Ubeda, E. Gimferrer, M.J. Barceló, M. Baiget, F. Sancho, J. Balanzó
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
CELL TO CELL INTERACTION IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: G. J. V. Nossal, A. Cunningham, G. F. Mitchell, J. F. A. P. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Two new methods are described for making chromosomal spreads of single antibody-forming cells. The first depends on the controlled rupture of cells in small microdroplets through the use of a mild detergent and application of a mechanical stress on the cell. The second is a microadaptation of the conventional Ford technique. Both methods have a success rate of over 50%, though the quality of chromosomal spreads obtained is generally not as good as with conventional methods. These techniques have been applied to an analysis of cell to cell interaction in adoptive immune responses, using the full syngeneic transfer system provided by the use of CBA and CBA/T6T6 donor-recipient combinations. When neonatally thymectomized mice were restored to adequate immune responsiveness to sheep erythrocytes by injections of either thymus cells or thoracic duct lymphocytes, it was shown that all the actual dividing antibody-forming cells were not of donor but of host origin. When lethally irradiated mice were injected with chromosomally marked but syngeneic mixtures of thymus and bone marrow cells, a rather feeble adoptive immune response ensued; all the antibody-forming cells identified were of bone marrow origin. When mixtures of bone marrow cells and thoracic duct lymphocytes were used, immune restoration was much more effective, and over three-quarters of the antibody-forming mitotic figures carried the bone marrow donor chromosomal marker. The results were deemed to be consistent with the conclusions derived in the previous paper of this series, namely that thymus contains some, but a small number only of antigen-reactive cells (ARC), bone marrow contains antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) but no ARC, and thoracic duct lymph contains both ARC and AFCP with a probable predominance of the former. A vigorous immune response to sheep erythrocytes probably requires a collaboration between the two cell lineages, involving proliferation first of the ARC and then of the AFCP. The results stressed that the use of large numbers of pure thoracic duct lymphocytes in adoptive transfer work could lead to good adoptive immune responses, but that such results should not be construed as evidence against cell collaboration hypotheses. Some possible further uses of single cell chromosome techniques were briefly discussed.
Lesson of the Week: ANY QUESTIONS
Authors: C D Fegan
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Is there any effective treatment for the severe pruritus due to primary polycythaemia?

Pruritus in polycythaemia rubra vera occurs in up to 70% of patients and can be distressing. It is usually generalised, with extensor surfaces and the upper back and chest often the most severely affected areas. It may be precipitated by hot water, direct heat, warming after exposure to cold, or alcohol.

Most patients with …