tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum glucose levels for predicting death in patients admitted to hospital for community acquired pneumonia: prospective cohort study
Authors: P. M. Lepper, S. Ott, E. Nuesch, M. von Eynatten, C. Schumann, M. W. Pletz, N. M. Mealing, T. Welte, T. T. Bauer, N. Suttorp, P. Juni, R. Bals, G. Rohde
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To examine whether acute dysglycaemia predicts death in people admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia. <b>Design</b> Multicentre prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Hospitals and private practices in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. <b>Participants</b> 6891 patients with community acquired pneumonia included in the German community acquired pneumonia competence network (CAPNETZ) study between 2003 and 2009. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Univariable and multivariable hazard ratios adjusted for sex, age, current smoking status, severity of community acquired pneumonia using the CRB-65 score (confusion, respiratory rate &gt;30/min, systolic blood pressure ≤90 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≤60 mm Hg, and age ≥65 years), and various comorbidities for death at 28, 90, and 180 days according to serum glucose levels on admission. <b>Results</b> An increased serum glucose level at admission to hospital in participants with community acquired pneumonia and no pre-existing diabetes was a predictor of death at 28 and 90 days. Compared with participants with normal serum glucose levels on admission, those with mild acute hyperglycaemia (serum glucose concentration 6-10.99 mmol/L) had a significantly increased risk of death at 90 days (1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 2.01; P&lt;0.001), and this risk increased to 2.37 (1.62 to 3.46; P&lt;0.001) when serum glucose concentrations were ≥14 mmol/L. In sensitivity analyses the predictive value of serum glucose levels on admission for death was confirmed at 28 days and 90 days. Patients with pre-existing diabetes had a significantly increased overall mortality compared with those without diabetes (crude hazard ratio 2.47, 95% confidence interval 2.05 to 2.98; P&lt;0.001). This outcome was not significantly affected by serum glucose levels on admission (P=0.18 for interaction). <b>Conclusions</b> Serum glucose levels on admission to hospital can predict death in patients with community acquired pneumonia without pre-existing diabetes. Acute hyperglycaemia may therefore identify patients in need of intensified care to reduce the risk of death from community acquired pneumonia.
Plasma adenosine deaminase2, is a marker for human immunodeficiency virus-1 seroconversion
Authors: John G. Niedzwicki, Kenneth H. Mayer, Elie Abushanab, Darrell R. Abernethy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Plasma adenosine deaminase 2 , (ADA 2 ) has recently been proposed to be a marker for human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV) infection. We measured ADA 2 , levels in plasma from two groups of white homosexual males at 6‐month intervals for a total of 2.5 years. One group consisted of 6 subjects who seroconverted for HIV, and the other consisted of 8 HIV seropositive patients who progressed from asymptomatic (CDC Groups II/III) to symptomatic (CDC Group IV) disease. Seroconversion was associated with a significant increase in plasma ADA 2 which persisted throughout follow‐up of 1.5 years. However, disease progression in HIV seropositive patients was not associated with any significant change in plasma ADA 2 In conclusion, ADA 2 , may represent a unique marker for HIV seroconversion which does not change with later progression to symptomatic disease.
Early surgical intervention in ulcerative colitis
Authors: R R Cima
Journal: Gut (2004)

Ulcerative colitis (UC), one of the major categories of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is characterised by chronic colonic mucosal inflammation of unknown aetiology. Unlike the other major form of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), UC is pathologically limited to the rectum and colon, facilitating definitive surgical therapy. Whereas the role of surgery in CD is primarily to treat complications of the disease process, surgery in UC is curative for the intestinal manifestations of the disease and nearly eliminates the risk of future malignancy. There exist three major indications for surgical intervention in UC. The first indication is for treatment of acute, medically unresponsive flares. The second is for poorly controlled symptomatic disease or to address intolerable treatment side effects. Lastly, surgery is performed for the possibility of malignancy after longstanding symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. Because there are indications for surgery, both early in the course of the disease and during the chronic disease phase, which may be asymptomatic, early curative surgical intervention is a reasonable alternative to prolonged medical management. Currently, surgical intervention is accomplished safely, with good functional results, and with a high degree of patient satisfaction.

Historically, definitive surgical treatment of UC required removal of the colon, rectum, and anus and creation of a permanent ileostomy. Since the early 1980s, surgical therapy has evolved to removal of the entire colon and rectum followed by construction of an ileal pouch that is anastomosed to the anal canal. This procedure is known as a proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA).1 IPAA avoids the need for a permanent ostomy and maintains the …
Implantation of ultrathin, biofunctionalized polyimide membranes into the subretinal space of rats
Authors: Sylvie Julien, Tobias Peters, Focke Ziemssen, Blanca Arango-Gonzalez, Susanne Beck, Hagen Thielecke, Heiko Büth, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Milada Sirova, Pavel Rossmann, Blanka Rihova, Etienne Schacht, Peter Dubruel, Eberhart Zrenner, Ulrich Schraermeyer
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Decision analysis in NSCLC
Authors: F Macbeth
Journal: Thorax (2002)

The paper by Dowie and Wildman1 exploring the decision analysis for surgically high risk patients with stage Ia non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was interesting. However, I have reservations about the figures used to inform the decision tree.

There has never been a randomised trial comparing surgery with radical radiotherapy for these patients and the authors have taken 5 year survival figures for quite different groups of patients. The surgical survival figures come from a very large series of patients of all ages and levels of fitness,2 while the radical radiotherapy figures come from one relatively small retrospective series of patients who were considered unfit for (or refused) surgery.3 These patients have, for reasons of age and co-morbidity, a lower background probability of 5 year survival. The Cochrane Review on this topic4 identified 26 studies, including over 2000 patients. For patients with T1 tumours from six studies, 5 year survival ranged from 29% to 37%, but there was a high rate of intercurrent deaths (median 25%). …
Microvascular dysfunction in collateral-dependent myocardium
Authors: Gianmario Sambuceti, Oberdan Parodi, Assuero Giorgetti, Piero Salvadori, Mario Marzilli, Piero Dabizzi, Paolo Marzullo, Danilo Neglia, Antonio L'Abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
THE ORIGIN OF THE CELLS IN THE EFFERENT LYMPH FROM A SINGLE LYMPH NODE
Authors: J. G. Hall, Bede Morris
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The popliteal nodes of sheep were perfused continuously for over 100 hours with a solution containing (3)H-thymidine. The labelling pattern of the lymphocytes in the efferent lymph from the perfused nodes showed that under normal conditions not more than 4 per cent of these lymphocytes were actually produced in the node. The transitional cells, large lymphocytes and cells of the plasma cell series which appeared in the lymph following antigenic stimulation of the node were all produced in the node.
Points from Letters: Problems with Asthma
Authors: R. S. Francis
Journal: BMJ (1972)

volve us in a bureaucratic jamboree, invite us to participate in the most unprofessional labour tactics, and suffer administrative counteraction.Simultaneously it could re- move one of the bases of our professional standing, full-time patient responsibility.It opens the door to future administrative elimination of "overtime," with substitution of alternative medical cover.Full-time consultants are likely to be hard hit."Right to private practice" invites the assumption of some remuneration from private practice when finally pricing the contract.But some full-time consultants re- ject this form of practice and others have deliberately rejected their access to private practice to leave this to their part-time colleagues or work in medical or geo- graphical areas where private practice is rare.Has anyone considered how these un-
Angiotensin-converting enzyme: I. New strategies for assay
Authors: James W. Ryan, Alfred Chung, Una S. Ryan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The disposition of converting enzyme (kininase II) on the luminal surface of pulmonary endothelial cells is well established. Further, it is known that there is a net conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II as blood passes through the lungs. However, little is known about modulations of converting enzyme activity that may arise through, e.g., changes in the quality of inhalants, blood flow, or blood oxygenation. There are few data on the effects of lung disease. A major barrier to studies to examine for pathophysiologic modulations of converting enzyme is that of assay. The enzyme can be measured in terms of the rate of formation of angiotensin II from a known quantity of angiotensin I. However, both peptides are biologically active, and lungs contain other enzymes capable of degrading them. We have developed a series of radiolabeled, acylated tripeptides to improve our ability to examine for changes in the net converting enzyme of intact lungs. The enzyme, a dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, is capable of removing C-terminal dipeptides from a variety of oligopeptides. We have prepared benzoyl-Gly-Gly-Gly (I), benzoyl-Pro-Phe-Arg (II), benzoyl-Gly-His-Leu (III), benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro (IV), and benzoyl-Phe-His-Leu (V), each containing a 3H-atom in the para position of the benzoyl moiety. Substrates I and III have been used previously in photometric assays of low sensitivity. II is the acylated C-terminal tripeptide of bradykinin, IV is an acylated tripeptide analog of BPP5a (&lt;Glu-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro) and V is the acylated C-terminal tripeptide of angiotensin I. These substrates can be used in vitro or in vivo to measure converting enzyme. The 3H-labeled product is separable by partitioning between an organic solvent and acidified aqueous solution. The product is quantified by scintillation counting of the organic phase. The choice of substrate depends on the goals of the experiment: substrate I or III when wide variations in substrate concentrations are needed but high sensitivity is not; substrate IV when high sensitivity is needed.
Saccharomyces boulardii Does Not Prevent Relapse of Crohn's Disease
Authors: Arnaud Bourreille, Guillaume Cadiot, Gérard Le Dreau, David Laharie, Laurent Beaugerie, Jean–Louis Dupas, Philippe Marteau, Patrick Rampal, Dominique Moyse, Ashraf Saleh, Marie–Emmanuelle Le Guern, Jean–Paul Galmiche
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Cholesterol, violent death, and mental disorder
Authors: A Ryman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Although primary prevention studies have shown that reducing serum cholesterol concentration leads to a clear reduction in cardiac morbidity and mortality, total mortality is unaffected. The increase in deaths from accidents, violence, and suicide in the treated groups has not yet been adequately explained,1 though an association between low cholesterol concentration and psychiatric illness has been suggested as a possible cause.2 The finding has also been elaborated in neurobiological terms, implicating a relation between membrane cholesterol, serotonin, and impulsivity.3

How seriously should this association be taken? Is the apparent relation of suicidal, accidental, and violent death with low serum cholesterol concentrations a true finding or simply due to chance? The association was initially regarded as an anomalous occurrence, but it has been too consistent to be dismissed.4 It has appeared in studies …
Former health minister accused of diverting funds from health care
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A former Australian federal health minister is fighting allegations that he “raided” more than £2m ($2.8m; €3.2m) from projects on asthma and rural health to help fund the new Canberra headquarters of a doctors' lobby group that now employs him as a consultant.

Prime Minister John Howard has been drawn into the embarrassing row, promising parliament there would be an inquiry into the matter and a full reinstatement of the A$5m to the original projects.

The former minister, Dr Michael Wooldridge, who retired from politics at the federal election last November, …
Telomere length in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Billy Michael Chelliah Jebaraj, Dirk Kienle, André Lechel, Daniel Mertens, Maria Heuberger, German Ott, Andreas Rosenwald, Thomas F. E. Barth, Peter Möller, Thorsten Zenz, Hartmut Döhner, Stephan Stilgenbauer
Journal: Blood (2012)
Effects of intermittent and continuous training on the blood pressure of Nigerian adolescents and children
Authors: Wahab B Lawal, Venkatseswarul Kankanala
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Several methods of exercise training are used to promote cardiovascular health. It is not clear as to which of the methods of training are more beneficial in promoting cardiovascular health, especially among children and adolescents. The investigation was therefore, conducted to find out and compare the effects of a 6-week intermittent and continuous training on blood pressure of Nigerian male and female children and adolescents. To achieve this purpose, 15 (10 males and 5 females) children were selected at random from staff school of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria and another 15 (10 males and 5 females) adolescents were selected from Demonstration Secondary School of the same University. These two groups of children and adolescents were assigned at random to intermittent and continuous training groups. All the subjects were of the same age group, had similar height, weight, blood pressure and activity background. The continuous training group underwent jogging and running at 60% of maximum heart rate for 30 min, three times a week for 6 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate of all the subjects were recorded before training and after every 2 weeks of training. The result revealed that both intermittent and continuous groups had a significant decline in blood pressure and heart rate of both male and female children and adolescents. However, intermittent group had a greater decline in blood pressure and heart rate of both male and female children and adolescents than their continuous training group counterparts. This reduction was greater in male and female children than in their adolescent counterparts of both training groups.
PSA Thresholds for Prostate Cancer Detection-Reply
Authors: H. Ballentine Carter
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —Dr Moul has compared a series of black men (at Walter Reed Hospital) who underwent radical prostatectomy for both palpable and nonpalpable prostate cancers with our series of men (at Johns Hopkins Hospital) with only nonpalpable prostate cancers who underwent radical prostatectomy. It is well known that men with nonpalpable prostate cancer have a greater chance of cure with surgery and thus the 2 series are not comparable. The PSA level that will both maintain the detection of curable prostate cancer and minimize the detection of insignificant cancers is unknown. Our data—based primarily on white men—suggest that this level is 4.0 ng/mL in the setting of a nonsuspicious digital rectal examination, and that below this level the risk of detecting small cancers is high. The recently published data demonstrating a 22% cancer detection rate in men (mostly white) with a PSA level between 2.6 and 4.0 ng/mL also demonstrate
Intra-regional assortative sociality may be better explained by social network dynamics rather than pathogen risk avoidance
Authors: Jacob M. Vigil, Patrick Coulombe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Fincher & Thornhill's (F&T's) model is not entirely supported by common patterns of affect behaviors among people who live under varying climatic conditions and among people who endorse varying levels of (Western) religiosity and conservative political ideals. The authors' model is also unable to account for intra-regional heterogeneity in assortative sociality, which, we argue, can be better explained by a framework that emphasizes the differential expression of fundamental social cues for maintaining distinct social network structures.
Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cognitive Abilities among U.S. Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kimberly Yolton, Kim Dietrich, Peggy Auinger, Bruce P. Lanphear, Richard Hornung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

We used the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted from 1988 to 1994, to investigate the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and cognitive abilities among U.S. children and adolescents 6-16 years of age. Serum cotinine was used as a biomarker of ETS exposure. Children were included in the sample if their serum cotinine levels were less than or equal to 15 ng/mL, a level consistent with ETS exposure, and if they denied using any tobacco products in the previous 5 days. Cognitive and academic abilities were assessed using the reading and math subtests of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised and the block design and digit span subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III. Analyses were conducted using SUDAAN software. Of the 5,365 6- to 16-year-olds included in NHANES III, 4,399 (82%) were included in this analysis. The geometric mean serum cotinine level was 0.23 ng/mL (range, 0.035-15 ng/mL); 80% of subjects had levels < 1 ng/mL. After adjustment for sex, race, region, poverty, parent education and marital status, ferritin, and blood lead concentration, there was a significant inverse relationship between serum cotinine and scores on reading (beta = -2.69, p = 0.001), math (beta = -1.93, p = 0.01), and block design (beta = -0.55, p < 0.001) but not digit span (beta = -0.08, p = 0.52). The estimated ETS-associated decrement in cognitive test scores was greater at lower cotinine levels. A log-linear analysis was selected as the best fit to characterize the increased slope in cognitive deficits at lower levels of exposure. These data, which indicate an inverse association between ETS exposure and cognitive deficits among children even at extremely low levels of exposure, support policy to further restrict children's exposure.
Active management of myocardial infarction.
Authors: M C Petch
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Active management of myocardial infarctionAcute myocardial infarction is a gradual process.In animals ligation of a coronary artery causes cardiac ischaemia with immediate functional and biochemical effects-but so long as the ischaemia is limited to 15 minutes or so recovery is complete and there are no sequelae.'Longer, or repeated,2
The Polycomb-group gene Rae28 sustains Nkx2.5/Csx expression and is essential for cardiac morphogenesis
Authors: Manabu Shirai, Tomoaki Osugi, Hideyuki Koga, Yoshikazu Kaji, Eiki Takimoto, Issei Komuro, Junichi Hara, Takeshi Miwa, Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara, Yoshihiro Takihara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The Polycomb-group (PcG) gene Rae28 is a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila gene polyhomeotic. PcG genes are known to maintain transcription states, once initiated, probably by regulating chromatin structure. Since homozygous Rae28-deficient (Rae28–/–) mice displayed cardiac anomalies similar to congenital heart diseases in humans, we examined the role of Rae28 in cardiac morphogenesis at the molecular level. In Rae28–/– embryos, expression of the cardiac selector gene Nkx2.5/Csx (Nkx2.5) was initiated properly but was not sufficiently sustained later in development. This impaired expression of Nkx2.5 in the maintenance phase proved to have a crucial effect on cardiac morphogenesis, as demonstrated by the results of a genetic complementation experiment in which the cardiac anomalies were suppressed by overexpression of human NKX2.5/CSX1 in Rae28–/– embryos. Ubiquitous expression of exogenous Rae28 likewise restored the impaired Nkx2.5 expression in Rae28–/– embryos, further supporting the notion that Rae28 sustains Nkx2.5 expression in cardiomyocytes. Thus, our data show that a mammalian PcG gene can play a key role in organogenesis by helping to maintain the expression of a selector gene.
Cardiac Palpation: Quantitative Clinical Grading Using the Left Lateral Decubitus Position.
Authors: Robert M. Mills
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Cardiac Palpation: Quantitative Clinical Grading Using the Left Lateral Decubitus Position.Robert M. Mills Jr., M.D., John A. Kastor, M.D.Robert M. Mills Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John A. Kastor, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-866_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOne hundred thirty-three subjects were examined to evaluate a quantitative system for grading the cardiac apical impulse and to compare palpatory findings supine versus the left lateral decubitus position (LLDP). Impulses were graded from 1 to 4 in both force and duration by simultaneous auscultation and palpation. Those with force and duration of 2 or less were found primarily in normals and were designated physiologic. The remainder were divided into sustained (duration 3 or 4) and hyperkinetic (force 3 or 4) on the basis of the dominant abnormality.In 76 subjects over 30 years old, 32 had palpable impulses supine;... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byWhen Management Policies CollideThe Advocacy Efforts of African American Mothers of Children with Disabilities in Rural Special Education: Considerations for School ProfessionalsExploring the Limits of Entitlement: Williams v. State of CaliforniaMmPolicies Matter: For Students, for Teachers, and for Better OutcomesEducation rights and the special needs childSchool ChoiceLegal Rights of ChildrenLegal Issues in School-Based Behavior TherapyChapter 9: The Use of Law for Prevention in the Public InterestTracking in Secondary Schools: A Contextual PerspectiveChildren's Rights and Society's DutiesThe legalization of the school psychologists’ worldWhat procedural due process means to a school psychologist: A dialogue 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 866-866KeywordsAuscultation Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Black men less willing than white men to be investigated for prostate cancer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Black men are less likely to opt for investigation of possible symptoms of prostate cancer symptoms than white men are, UK research published in the British Journal of General Practice has found.1 The authors said this might explain why black men tend to present at a later stage of the cancer and have subsequent poorer outcomes.

Three hypothetical scenarios or vignettes were presented to …