tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pre-Capillary Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dilation Predict Clinical Outcome in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Neal A. Chatterjee, Gaurav A. Upadhyay, Gaurav Singal, Kimberly A. Parks, G. William Dec, Jagmeet P. Singh, Gregory D. Lewis
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

This study examined the prognostic significance of pre- and post-capillary components of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).PH is common in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) receiving CRT. The impact of PH subtype on clinical outcome in CRT is unknown.The study population consisted of 101 patients (average age 66 ± 13 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 0.23 ± 0.07, and New York Heart Association functional class 3.2 ± 0.4) who underwent right heart catheterization in the 6 months before CRT. PH was defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg; a significant pre-capillary contribution to elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure was defined as a transpulmonary gradient (TPG) ≥12 mm Hg. Clinical endpoints were assessed at 2 years and included all-cause mortality and a composite of death, left ventricular assist device, or cardiac transplantation.Patients with TPG ≥12 mm Hg were more likely to experience all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 7.4; p = 0.009) and the composite outcome (HR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.4 to 6.3; p = 0.004) compared with patients with TPG <12 mm Hg. After multivariate adjustment for hemodynamic, clinical, and echocardiographic variables, only TPG ≥12 mm Hg and baseline right ventricular (RV) dilation (RV end-diastolic dimension >42 mm) were associated with the composite clinical outcome (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04, respectively).High TPG PH and RV dilation are independent predictors of adverse outcomes in patients with LVSD who are receiving CRT. RV pulmonary vascular dysfunction may be a therapeutic target in select patients receiving CRT.
ABC of heart failure: Investigation
Authors: C R Gibbs, M K Davies, G Y H Lip
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Clinical assessment is mandatory before detailed investigations are conducted in patients with suspected heart failure, although specific clinical features are often absent and the condition can be diagnosed accurately only in conjunction with more objective investigation, particularly echocardiography. Although open access echocardiography is now increasingly available, appropriate pre-referral investigations include chest radiography, 12 lead electrocardiography, and renal chemistry.
Bioassay of genotoxic effects of environmental particles in a feeding ciliate.
Authors: J Smith-Sonneborn, R A Palizzi, E A McCann, G L Fisher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The ciliated protozoan, Paramecium, can be used to quantitate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ingested complex environmental particles. Cytotoxicity is quantitated by the increased proportion of treated versus control cells which do not retain their capacity for normal cell replication. Genotoxic effects are assessed by the increased fraction of nonviable offspring from treated versus control parent cells after the self-fertilization process of autogamy. Since these cells ingest nonnutrient respirable-sized particles, biological activity of intracellular extraction of dusts and fly ash can be compared before and after extraction with polar and nonpolar solvents. Previous studies indicated that coal fly ash was mutagenic in these eukaryotic cells. Mutagenicity of coal fly ash was not detectable after extraction with a concentration of HCl known to remove nonmatrix trace elements. These results suggested that this ciliate bioassay might be a detector of mineral mutagens. Fine particles of the carcinogenic nickel compounds, alpha-nickel subsulfide, and beta-nickel sulfide were compared for their biological activity in this bioassay. Both nickel compounds were ingested by the ciliates and induced heritable damage in the progeny of the treated parent cells.
Is Treatment with a Luteinizing Hormone–Releasing Hormone Agonist Justified in Short Adolescents?
Authors: Mary M. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In a 1953 editorial entitled “The Need for an Inhibitor of Gonadotropin,” Lawson Wilkins noted that a “method of suppressing the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins . . . might lead to the prevention or control of sexual precocity.”1 Almost 30 years later, Crowley and colleagues reported successful suppression of early puberty in a two-year-old girl with the use of a long-acting analogue of a luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist.2 In the intervening years, the nature of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis was elucidated, LHRH was isolated, and maturational changes in the reproductive axis were characterized (Figure 1).Before puberty, the LHRH neurons . . .
Macular Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Antonio Micali, Antonina Pisani, Domenico Puzzolo, Anna Nowińska, Edward Wylegala, Slawomir Teper, Ewa Czajka, Anna M. Roszkowska, Boguslawa Orzechowska-Wylegala, Pasquale Aragona
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Ammonia impairs neutrophil phagocytic function in liver disease
Authors: Debbie L. Shawcross, Gavin A. K. Wright, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Stephen J. Hodges, Nathan A. Davies, Caroline Wheeler‐Jones, Andrew A. Pitsillides, Rajiv Jalan
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hyperammonemia is a feature of liver failure, which is associated with increased risk of infection. The aims of the present study were to determine in vitro, in rats fed an ammoniagenic diet and in patients with cirrhosis, whether induction of hyperammonemia results in neutrophil dysfunction. As hyperammonemia produces cell swelling, we explored the role of the osmoregulating, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38(MAPK)) pathway in mediating this neutrophil dysfunction. Neutrophils were isolated from blood of healthy volunteers and incubated with either 75 microM ammonia or phosphate-buffered saline. Both groups were studied under hyponatremic conditions and/or with the addition of p38(MAPK) modulators. Neutrophil phagocytosis was measured in naive rats and rats fed an ammoniagenic diet and in patients with stable cirrhosis given placebo (n = 8) or an amino acid solution inducing hyperammonemia (n = 8). Cell volume and phagocytosis was analyzed by fluorescent-activated cell sorting using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled E. coli. p38(MAPK) phosphorylation was measured by western blotting. In healthy neutrophils incubated with ammonia and in rats fed an ammoniagenic diet, neutrophils showed evidence of swelling, impaired phagocytosis, and increased spontaneous oxidative burst compared to controls. Phagocytosis was significantly impaired in patients with induced hyperammonemia compared to placebo. The effects of hyperammonemia and hyponatremia were synergistic. The p38(MAPK) intracellular signaling pathways were activated in healthy neutrophils exposed to ammonia in association with increased burst activity. Neutrophil phagocytic dysfunction was abrogated by the addition of a p38(MAPK) agonist.Ammonia produces neutrophil swelling and impairs neutrophil phagocytosis. The p38(MAPK) intracellular signaling pathway has been shown to be important in mediating the ammonia-induced neutrophil dysfunction.
Exposure to Ambient Air Fine Particulate Matter Prevents VEGF-Induced Mobilization of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from the Bone Marrow
Authors: Petra Haberzettl, Jongmin Lee, Dheeraj Duggineni, James McCracken, Duane Bolanowski, Timothy E. O’Toole, Aruni Bhatnagar, Daniel J. Conklin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM(2.5); < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) induces endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to postnatal endothelial repair and regeneration. In humans and mice, EPC levels are decreased upon exposure to elevated levels of PM(2.5).We examined the mechanism by which PM(2.5) exposure suppresses circulating levels of EPCs.Mice were exposed to HEPA-filtered air or concentrated ambient fine particulate matter (CAP, 30-100 µg/m³) from downtown Louisville (Kentucky) air, and progenitor cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow were analyzed by flow cytometry or by culture ex vivo.Exposure of the mice to CAP (6 hr/day) for 4-30 days progressively decreased circulating levels of EPCs positive for both Flk-1 and Sca-1 (Flk-1(+)/Sca-1(+)) without affecting stem cells positive for Sca-1 alone (Sca-1(+)). After 9 days of exposure, a 7-day exposure-free period led to complete recovery of the circulating levels of Flk-1(+)/Sca-1(+) cells. CAP exposure decreased circulating levels of EPCs independent of apoptosis while simultaneously increasing Flk-1(+)/Sca-1(+) cells in the bone marrow. We observed no change in tissue deposition of these cells. CAP exposure suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in the aorta, and it prevented VEGF/AMD3100-induced mobilization of Flk-1(+)/Sca-1(+) cells into the peripheral blood. Treatment with stem cell factor/AMD3100 led to a greater increase in circulating Flk-1(+)/Sca-1(+) cells in CAP-exposed mice than in mice breathing filtered air.Exposure to PM(2.5) increases EPC levels in the bone marrow by preventing their mobilization to the peripheral blood via inhibition of signaling events triggered by VEGF-receptor stimulation that are upstream of c-kit activation. Suppression of EPC mobilization by PM(2.5) could induce deficits in vascular repair or regeneration.
Iatrogenic Gastrointestinal Complications
Authors: Albert Moss
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is a part of the series<i>Radiology of Iatrogenic Disorders</i>. It presents in detail iatrogenic gastrointestinal complications occurring from drug ingestion, gastrointestinal endoscopy, gastrointestinal intubation, radiologic procedures, radiation damage, and a variety of complications following gastrointestinal and biliary tract surgery. The illustrations are excellent, the references extensive, current and pertinent, and the index complete and easy to use. The strengths of this book are that most of the chapters were written by the editors and that there is a uniform approach to iatrogenic gastrointestinal complications presented throughout. In addition, the wealth of illustrations and line drawings and review of the literature make this a reference book for any radiologist who examines the gastrointestinal or biliary tract. The editors and authors have correlated a vast amount of material from multiple sources, often presented as isolated case reports, and synthesized the information into a book that is informative, readable, and
The Cutaneous Manifestations of the Benign Inflammatory Reticuloses
Authors: Margaret Ann Storkan
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A classification of the reticuloendothelial reactions associated with cutaneous manifestations would include benign, granulomatous, and malignant diseases. The editor has dealt with these conditions in five volumes: (1)<i>Benign Cutaneous Reticuloses</i>, (2)<i>Granulomatous Reticuloses</i>, (3)<i>Leukemia Cutis</i>, (4)<i>Malignant Lymphomas</i>, and (5)<i>Kaposi's Sarcoma</i>. Earlier volumes discussed separately malignant lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma. In fact, this volume is the introduction and is concerned with the benign reticuloses which are divided into two general categories, the inflammatory and the infectious hyperplasias. The editor describes the inflammatory entities, and the contributors, Drs. Orlando Canizares and Daniel Kushner, offer excellent interpretations of the infectious hyperplasias. Critics might challenge the general classification (as either too simple or too complex). The book is illustrated with photomicrographs, and has an extensive bibliography. It should be of value to the internist, pathologist, and dermatologist, as it achieves its purpose—to present the cutaneous aspects of the diseases of
Online training and educational games for malaria diagnosis
Authors: S Feng, A Ozcan
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2015)

BackgroundOptical microscopy for malaria diagnosis is a time-consuming task that requires trained diagnosticians to manually scan blood-smear slides. In resource-constrained settings, such diagnostic services are often limited by a lack of staff and inadequate training for these workers. With our BioGames platform, we aim to provide distributed biomedical image analysis using crowd-sourcing, telepathology, and a gold-standard image library for the training of diagnosticians. We have developed a web-based training game that teaches players to identify malaria-infected red blood cells. Here, we test whether an untrained crowd of gamers could collectively approach the diagnostic accuracy of trained diagnosticians.MethodsWe combined the diagnoses of the untrained crowd using a maximum a posteriori estimator and compared them with the diagnoses of an expert diagnostician. Additionally, we generated an image library by using an expectation-maximisation algorithm to combine the positive (infected), negative (uninfected), and questionable (where the image does not provide sufficient information to make a reliable diagnosis) diagnoses of a group of nine expert diagnosticians.FindingsWe showed that the BioGames platform could combine the diagnoses of 989 untrained gamers to reach an accuracy of 98.13% of that of an expert diagnostician, with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity increasing with the number of crowd diagnoses per cell. Also, we generated a library of 2888 red blood cell images, with approximately 4% labelled positive and approximately 5% labelled as questionable, as collectively diagnosed by nine expert diagnosticians. On April 25, 2014 (World Malaria Day), we released this library as an educational training game for diagnosticians, where players diagnose a randomly selected set of approximately 500 cells in each game and receive a quantified score and feedback in the form of misdiagnosed cell images.InterpretationPlatforms such as BioGames could provide crowd-sourced biomedical image-analysis services. Our method relies on machine-learning algorithms and, therefore, is expected to be even more accurate as the number of gamers and cell images increase. We plan to expand our image library with new microscopic images of thin/thick blood smears and to promote the widespread use of our digital educational tool for malaria diagnosis training.FundingNone
TCT-773 Transcatheter closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect with the Amplatzer® Membranous VSD Occluder 2
Authors: Apostolos Tzikas, Daniel Aguirre, Daniel Velasco-Sanchez, Xavier Freixa, Marcela Alburquenque, Paul Khairy, John Bass, Juan Ramirez, Reda Ibrahim, Joaquim Miro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Outcome of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in patients with disordered preoperative peristalsis.
Authors: R J Baigrie, D I Watson, J C Myers, G G Jamieson
Journal: Gut (1997)

A 360 degrees or Nissen fundoplication remains controversial in patients with disordered peristalsis, some surgeons preferring a partial wrap to minimise postoperative dysphagia.To evaluate symptoms and manometric outcome in patients with disordered peristalsis after Nissen fundoplication.In an initial series of 345 patients studied prospectively, 31 patients who had undergone a Nissen fundoplication had disordered peristalsis. Using preoperative manometry, patients were classified as: equivocal primary peristalsis (eight patients); abnormal primary peristalsis (four patients); abnormal maximal contraction pressure (13 patients); abnormal primary peristalsis and maximal contraction pressure (six patients).Postoperatively, patients underwent a barium meal, oesophageal manometry and standardised clinical review by a blinded scientific officer.Twenty eight (90%) patients had satisfaction scores of at least 8 out of a maximum of 10 and all would undergo surgery again. Whereas 15 (48%) patients had dysphagia scores greater than 4/10 preoperatively, only two (6%) had these scores at one year. Improved peristalsis was seen in 78% of postoperative manometric studies, and mean preoperative lower oesophageal sphincter pressure increased from 6.6 (range 0-21) mm Hg to 19 (4-50) mm Hg.These results are similar to the overall group of 345 patients and suggest that disordered peristalsis, and possibly even absent peristalsis, is not a contraindication to Nissen fundoplication as performed in these patients.
Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scanning for Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: O. Williams, J. Lyall, M. Vernon, D. N. Croft
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The conventional method of lung scanning detects defects of pulmonary artery perfusion. False positive results occur because regions of hypoventilation, such as are present in obstructive airways disease, also cause defects of perfusion. The converse is not true, however, as defects of perfusion continue to be ventilated. Thus in pulmonary embolism ventilation-perfusion discrepancy (normal ventilation and impaired perfusion) occurs.We have assessed the clinical value of this discrepancy. Out of 18 patients with ventilation-perfusion discrepancy 14 had a final diagnosis of pulmonary emboli, whereas in none of the 34 patients without the discrepancy was this final diagnosis made. We conclude that combined ventilation-perfusion lung scanning distinguishes pulmonary emboli from other lung conditions such as asthma and bronchitis which cause impaired pulmonary perfusion. The false positive rate was only 4% overall and 7.7% in patients with perfusion defects.
ROSACEA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS
Authors: PETER BORRIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1953)

Journal Article ROSACEA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS Get access PETER BORRIE PETER BORRIE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 65, Issue 12, 1 December 1953, Pages 458–463, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1953.tb13185.x Published: 01 December 1953
Development of a Lung Cancer Therapeutic Based on the Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA-34
Authors: Jason F. Wiggins, Lynnsie Ruffino, Kevin Kelnar, Michael Omotola, Lubna Patrawala, David Brown, Andreas G. Bader
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNA) provide a new opportunity to treat cancer. This approach, “miRNA replacement therapy,” is based on the concept that the reintroduction of miRNAs depleted in cancer cells reactivates cellular pathways that drive a therapeutic response. Here, we describe the development of a therapeutic formulation using chemically synthesized miR-34a and a lipid-based delivery vehicle that blocks tumor growth in mouse models of non–small-cell lung cancer. This formulation is effective when administered locally or systemically. The antioncogenic effects are accompanied by an accumulation of miR-34a in the tumor tissue and downregulation of direct miR-34a targets. Intravenous delivery of formulated miR-34a does not induce an elevation of cytokines or liver and kidney enzymes in serum, suggesting that the formulation is well tolerated and does not induce an immune response. The data provide proof of concept for the systemic delivery of a synthetic tumor suppressor mimic, obviating obstacles associated with viral-based miRNA delivery and facilitating a rapid route for miRNA replacement therapy into the clinic. Cancer Res; 70(14); 5923–30. ©2010 AACR.
Psychiatric Consultation in Professional Football
Authors: Armand M. Nicholi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

IN 1980, after a lecture I delivered in Boston on human relationships, a star member of the New England Patriots professional football team, John Hannah, asked if he could speak with me. In my office, he described the struggles of the team and asked if I would work with the players to help resolve them. After several meetings with team leaders, I agreed to help if I could have access to the owners and coaches as well as to the players. In early 1982, the owner and the general manager invited me to "come aboard," as they expressed it, "to . . .
Case 62-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A sixty-seven-year-old man entered this hospital for the first time because of difficulty in breathing. Twenty-one and again sixteen years before admission the patient had attacks of nephrolithiasis that were characterized by dysuria and gravel in the urine; on each occasion a ureterolithotomy was performed, one on each side. After the second operation there were no chills, fever or dysuria, but intermittent, aching mid-line low-back pain and slowing and hesitancy of the urinary stream developed several years before entry. Eleven years before admission a portion of the small intestine was resected because of regional enteritis, and a . . .
Detection and Quantitation of Circulating Tumor Cells, Cancer Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using Multiparameter Flow Cytometry
Authors: S.K. Sangkitporn, S. Sangkitporn, A. Dumbua, S. Duangruang, A. Chotchusee, C. Yodtup, P. Boonchu, Y. Tongjib, K. Chatamra
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Localization of insulin-like growth factor I and inhibition of coronary smooth muscle cell growth by somatostatin analogues in human coronary smooth muscle cells. A potential treatment for restenosis?
Authors: M B Grant, T J Wargovich, E A Ellis, S Caballero, M Mansour, C J Pepine
Journal: Circulation (1994)

In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, the localization of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in de novo and restenotic human coronary atherectomy plaques by using immunocytochemical techniques. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) exhibiting the synthetic phenotype contained a statistically significant higher concentration of IGF-I than SMCs of the contractile phenotype or SMCs from normal coronary arteries. In addition, we provide data to suggest that the long-acting somatostatin analogues octreotide and angiopeptin inhibit IGF-I- and basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)- induced human coronary artery SMC proliferation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated cultures were minimally affected by the addition of octreotide but were significantly inhibited by angiopeptin. All three growth factors stimulated SMC migration in a dose-dependent manner. The somatostatin analogues tested had no effect on growth factor-stimulated SMC migration. Our data suggest that by reducing SMC proliferation, somatostatin analogues may have clinical usefulness in reducing the high incidence of restenosis observed after percutaneous transluminal coronary artery interventions.
In vitro assessment of equivalence of occupational health risk: welders.
Authors: R M Stern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The possibility of using in vitro testing to determine the equivalence of risk for various occupational groups is discussed. In the absence of epidemiological evidence or relevant animal in vivo bioassays on which to determine the health effects of specific occupational exposures, it is proposed to use similarities in the in vitro response to substances with known (or strongly suspected) and unknown risk to demonstrate their risk equivalence. Identification and evaluation of a high risk "hot spot" due to exposure to Cr(VI) for stainless steel welders is discussed in terms of recent developments in collection, analysis and bioassay of welding fumes.