tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How can we improve compliance in pediatric pneumology and allergology?
Authors: B. Niggemann
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Not too long ago, physicians took ‘compliance’ or ‘adherence’ to mean the strict obedience of patients and parents – doing what the physician said, suggesting that the success or failure of the treatment lay entirely in the hands of the patient. But it is preferable to improve compliance rather than enforce it. As there is no single solution that will ensure compliance, several steps should be taken: (i) ‘exploration’ includes open questions, and allows admission of non‐compliance, e.g. in terms of failure to take drugs, or smoking; (ii) ‘education’ means explaining pathomechanisms, and reducing corticophobia; (iii) ‘tailoring’ is reached by focussing therapeutic options on individual requirements, and simplifying treatment regimens; (iv) ‘contracting’ involves negotiating a realistic therapeutic regimen on an individual basis; (v) ‘reminders’ are practical tips, which may help to overcome reluctance, e.g. by placing drugs in the toothbrush glass, and on the breakfast table, or in the sports bag; (vi) ‘follow‐up’ ensures long‐term compliance, with regular visits to the physician, and self‐management programmes. In conclusion, non‐compliance of patients and parents is a challenging problem in daily practice. Including the aspects of the abovementioned factors can help build up a relation of trust and partnership, which is the prerequisite of any therapeutic success. However, this is an ongoing process, which has to be continuously reviewed.
The in vivo determination of the blood volume in the foot using a mercury strain gauge plethysmograph and I-131 labelled serum albumin
Authors: L. COLEMONT, P. DECOUTERE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article The in vivo determination of the blood volume in the foot using a mercury strain gauge plethysmograph and I-131 labelled serum albumin Get access LUC COLEMONT, LUC COLEMONT * From the Department of Physiology, University Center Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium and the Department of Medicine, O.C.M.W. Hospital, Bree, Belgium. *Address for correspondence and reprint requests: Luc Colemont, Departement WN Fysiologie, Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Universitaire Campus, B-3610 Diepenbeek, België. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar PHILIPPE DECOUTERE PHILIPPE DECOUTERE From the Department of Physiology, University Center Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium and the Department of Medicine, O.C.M.W. Hospital, Bree, Belgium. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 5, May 1981, Pages 262–267, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.5.262 Published: 01 May 1981
The origin of genetic defects in the human and their detection in the preimplantation embryo
Authors: J. Delhanty
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article The origin of genetic defects in the human and their detection in the preimplantation embryo Get access Joy D. A. Delhanty Joy D. A. Delhanty 1Dept of Genetics and Biometry, Galton Laboratory, University College LondonWolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 3, 1 January 1995, Pages 201–215, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.3.201 Published: 01 May 1995
Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: findings in a large prospective study.
Authors: M Vessey, D Mant, A Smith, D Yeates
Journal: BMJ (1986)

isolated as the prime pathogens.' 2 About 95% of strains similar to the A sobria that we isolated are enterotoxigenic in the suckling mouse.We found no other cause for our patient's diarrhoea.Most serious aeromonas infections occur in immunosuppressed hosts.A fatal infection with P shigelloides was reported in a patient with sickle cell anaemia.3Although our patient had a history of bulimia nervosa, she had been psychiatrically and physically well for over a year before presentation.The pattern of abnormalities of coagulation and liver function was not that seen in patients after overdosage of paracetamol, and the liver showed only minimal necrosis.We
Thyroid Supplements and Breast Cancer
Authors: M. Lender
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article of Drs Kapdi and Wolfe and subsequent reporting in the media seems, to us, to represent an incorrect review and analysis of what is already documented with respect to thyroid disease and the incidence of breast cancer in man. Contrary to what was concluded, namely, that thyroid therapy is associated with a higher incidence of breast cancer, we believe it should be concluded that there is a higher incidence of breast cancer in women with preexisting and frequently inadequately treated hypothyroidism or thyroiditis. Several published reports now suggest that failure to adequately treat hypothyroidism, goiters, or thyroiditis with thyroxin leads to enhanced development of breast cancer in susceptible persons.<sup>1-5</sup>There are, for example, confirmed reports of an increased incidence of breast cancer in hypothyroid patients<sup>1</sup>and in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis,<sup>2</sup>and a greater incidence of elevated thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) levels, an indication
The Heart in I<sup>131</sup>-Induced Myxedema
Authors: George S. Kurland, Roland E. Schneckloth, A. Stone Freedberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

STUDIES of the cardiovascular system in spontaneous myxedema have demonstrated an increased size of the cardiac silhouette, diminished force of cardiac contraction, decreased cardiac output and velocity of blood flow, diminished plasma and total blood volumes and lowered voltage of the electrocardiogram.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 There is considerable difference of opinion regarding the clinical significance of these changes; in most cases, cardiac function remains adequate. The "myxedema heart" in the sense of a condition precipitating congestive heart failure, as described by Zondek2 and Fahr,8 occurs rarely.The early effects of hypothyroidism, induced by surgical total thyroidectomy, on the size of the heart and . . .
Locum appointments in the specialist registrar grade
Authors: F. McKevitt
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Obtaining a specialist registrar post has become increasingly difficult since the new training scheme was introduced, restricting numbers. Since “calmanisation” we have become familiar with a variety of new abbreviations. The specialist registrar replaced the previous registrar and senior registrar grade. A national training number (NTN) is allocated after acceptance on to a training programme, and a certificate of completion of specialist training (CCST) is awarded on finishing such a programme.

With short term gaps appearing in training programmes, alternative appointments at the specialist registrar level are becoming available. These are an attractive option to many senior house officers struggling to obtain the limited NTNs. These temporary positions also sport their own acronyms, and job advertisements are increasingly seen for LAT, LAS, or FTTA posts. It is important to understand the differences between these since not all will help you to achieve the ultimate goal of a CCST.

It is unavoidable that breaks in training programmes will occur —for example, when doctors leave temporarily for research purposes. These vacant posts must be filled, and trusts have two options. Specialist registrar placements consist of service and training components. If only the service element of the post is to be covered then a locum appointment, service (LAS) may be …
Targeting the heart with gene therapy-optimized gene delivery methods
Authors: O MULLER, H KATUS, R BEKEREDJIAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

With evolving knowledge in molecular and cellular cardiology, cardiac gene therapy has already been investigated in clinical studies. Different vector systems for cardiac gene therapy have been developed in recent years. While non-viral vectors, such as plasmid DNA, allow remarkable organ specificity, they are often limited by low transfection efficiency and transient gene expression. In contrast, adenoviral or adeno-associated virus-based vectors transfer the transgene more efficiently, but organ specificity may be reduced and immunogenic properties can limit their applicability. Using advanced transcriptional and transductional targeting strategies, viral vectors have been improved in the last few years. Recently, more efficient serotypes of adeno-associated viruses have been identified that show increased transduction rates, thus reducing the necessity for high virus titers. Combination with specific application techniques, such as intramyocardial injection, catheter-based perfusion, ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction, or retroinfusion may further enhance vector efficiency. This review article will give a broad overview of different gene delivery strategies that have been applied in experimental and clinical studies targeting the heart.
COLICINE K
Authors: Erwin Rüde, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The somatic antigen of the non-colicinogenic bacillus E. coli K235 L(-)OC(-) has been isolated, and its chemical and serological properties have been compared with those of colicine K. The antigen of the non-colicinogenic bacillus has a protein content significantly lower than that of the C(+) antigen, a difference which might be related to the antibacterial activity of the latter. The lipocarbohydrate components of the two antigens are chemically very similar; both contain the same proportions of galactose, glucose, heptose, rhamnose, glucosamine, and mannosamine. When tested by agar diffusion, the two antigens are indistinguishable, as are their lipocarbohydrate components. Our studies indicate that the bactericidal activity of colicine K does not reside in its lipocarbohydrate but in its protein component.
Accidental Passage of a Polyethylene Catheter from Cubital Vein to Right Atrium
Authors: David D. Turner, Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

REPORTS of foreign bodies in the myocardium or cardiac chambers are numerous, war missiles being the most common. Such objects have led to cerebral emboli from adjacent cardiac thrombi, subacute bacterial endocarditis and myocardial aneurysms.1 Foreign bodies, especially needles, have passed along veins through the vena cava and into the right side of the heart, with resultant cardiac damage of varying degrees.2 Cardiac catheterization can cause cardiac arrhythmias, mural thrombus formation and contusions of the myocardium.3 Hemorrhage of the myocardium, thrombosis of the coronary sinus, pericarditis and myocardial fibrosis have also been reported.4 McMichael and Mounsey5 described 5 cases of . . .
SOME FEATURES OF ROENTGENOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN PITUITARY DISEASES
Authors: ALFRED LUGER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The studies of the function of the ductless glands enabled us to understand more fully many pathologic skeletal conditions until recently unexplainable. These conditions may reveal themselves either in disturbance of growth or in changes of configuration. In regard to the former we are familiar with the changes following disorders of the sexual organs, of the adrenal cortex and recently also of the pineal gland. Delayed skeletal development is exemplified in the well-known condition of hypothyroidism, a condition in which we find persistence or delayed closure of the epiphyseal lines and late appearance of the bone nuclei. As illustrative of the changes in configuration the well-known condition of acromegaly affords us a good example. It is characterized by marked mandibular prognathism and enlargement of the hands and feet, accompanied by hypoplastic bony changes, especially to be noticed in the skull and here accompanied by enlargement of the sinuses. The pituitary
Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689): His Life and Original Writings
Authors: William C. Gibson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ABSTRACT This excellent book is in two parts: 67 pages on Sydenham's life and times, followed by the extant writings of  English Hippocrates in their original English. Dr. Dewhurst has thus rescued for today's readers the great prose of Sydenham, free from the vagaries of the early translations into Latin and the retranslations back into English.Now, in the compass of one wellprinted volume, the reader can find Sydenham's best: De Arte Medica (1669), Anatomie (1668), Tussis, Smallpox (1669), A Dysentery, Febres Intercurrentes, Pleurisie, Of the Four Constitutions, and Theologia Rationalis. Thus this is no mere volume about Sydenham; it is in fact Sydenham, at his best. In going back to original manuscript material the author has brought us into the very center of this great physician's thought. The inclusion of a chapter of Sydenham's correspondence—to John Locke, Robert Boyle, and others—is gratifying. This, together with the introductory chapters on
The Rights of Patients
Authors: Robert E. Chiles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

BASIC medical services are the right of every citizen. The recently enacted Medicare and Medicaid programs now guarantee competent care and adequate facilities to previously neglected segments of American society. These programs are understandably silent, however, about some essential human rights that are infrequently recognized and respected. Indeed, these important rights are often violated, not only by family and friends but also by many in the medical profession.Four such rights that are essential to the human spirit need some defense: the rights to privacy, pain and truth, and the right to die. The legitimacy of these rights may be . . .
Association of<i>EGFR</i>L858R Mutation in Circulating Free DNA With Survival in the EURTAC Trial
Authors: Niki Karachaliou, Clara Mayo-de las Casas, Cristina Queralt, Itziar de Aguirre, Boris Melloni, Felipe Cardenal, Ramon Garcia-Gomez, Bartomeu Massuti, José Miguel Sánchez, Ruth Porta, Santiago Ponce-Aix, Teresa Moran, Enric Carcereny, Enriqueta Felip, Isabel Bover, Amelia Insa, Noemí Reguart, Dolores Isla, Alain Vergnenegre, Filippo de Marinis, Radj Gervais, Romain Corre, Luis Paz-Ares, Daniela Morales-Espinosa, Santiago Viteri, Ana Drozdowskyj, Núria Jordana-Ariza, Jose Luis Ramirez-Serrano, Miguel Angel Molina-Vila, Rafael Rosell
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

The EURTAC trial demonstrated the greater efficacy of erlotinib compared with chemotherapy for the first-line treatment of European patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations (exon 19 deletion or L858R mutation in exon 21) in tumor tissue.To assess the feasibility of using circulating free DNA (cfDNA) from blood samples as a surrogate for tumor biopsy for determining EGFR mutation status and to correlate EGFR mutations in cfDNA with outcome.This prespecified analysis was a secondary objective of the EURTAC trial using patients included in the EURTAC trial from 2007 to 2011 with available baseline serum or plasma samples. Patients had advanced NSCLC, oncogenic EGFR mutations in the tumor, and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease and were treated with erlotinib or chemotherapy. EGFR mutations were examined in cfDNA isolated from 97 baseline blood samples by our novel peptide nucleic acid-mediated 5´ nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) assay.Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and response to therapy were correlated with type of EGFR mutations in cfDNA.In samples from 76 of 97 (78%) patients with usable blood samples, EGFR mutations in cfDNA were detected. Median OS was shorter in patients with the L858R mutation in cfDNA than in those with the exon 19 deletion (13.7 [95% CI, 7.1-17.7] vs 30.0 [95% CI, 19.3-37.7] months; P < .001). Univariate analyses of patients with EGFR mutations in cfDNA identified the L858R mutation in tumor tissue or in cfDNA as a marker of shorter OS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.70 [95% CI, 1.60-4.56]; P < .001) and PFS (HR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.20-3.48]; P = .008). For patients with the L858R mutation in tissue, median OS was 13.7 (95% CI, 7.1-17.7) months for patients with the L858R mutation in cfDNA and 27.7 (95% CI, 16.1-46.2) months for those in whom the mutation was not detected in cfDNA (HR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.09-4.52]; P = .03). In the multivariate analysis of the 76 patients with EGFR mutations in cfDNA, only erlotinib treatment remained an independent predictor of longer PFS (HR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.23-0.74]; P = .003).The peptide nucleic acid-mediated 5´ nuclease real-time polymerase chain reaction (TaqMan) assay used in this study can be used to efficiently assess EGFR mutations in cfDNA. The L858R mutation in cfDNA may be a novel surrogate prognostic marker.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00446225.
Cannabislike Drugs May Hold Key to Treating Pain While Bypassing the Brain
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

ALTHOUGH THE THERAPEUTIC PROPerties of marijuana, or cannabis, havebeenof interest foryears, the substance’sunwantedeffects and its illegal status as a street drug have made its medicalusecontroversial.Now,however, researchsuggests thatsomecannabislike drugs—agonists thatbindtoonly1of the 2cannabinoidreceptorsthatareactivated bycannabis—canrelievepainwhile leaving the brain unaffected (Anand U et al. Pain.2008;138[3]:667-680).These findings suggest that such agents may offer thepotential tosidestepsomeof themost contentious issues in the medical marijuanadebatebyharnessingthetherapeuticbenefitsofcannabiswhileeliminating many of the adverse effects that are associated with its use. CannabisactivatesCB1cannabinoidreceptors in the brain and peripheral nervous system, as well as CB2 receptors, which are present only in the peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have mainly focused on CB1, which was believedtobetheprimaryreceptorinvolved in pain relief. But scientists have found that CB2 is important forpainreliefaswell.“Because CB2 receptors are present in sensory nerves in theperipheralnervoussystem, butnot inthenormalhumanbrain,drugs that activate CB2 receptors will produce pain relief but not [alter] the brain and cause unwanted effects such as dependenceandabuse,” saidprincipal investigator Praveen Anand, MD, FRCP, of the departmentofclinicalneuroscienceatthe Imperial College London, in England. By examining human tissues from a large variety of sources (including individuals with no injuries as well as those who have experienced severe trauma), Anand and colleagues found that CB2 is expressed specifically in human dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons and that its levels increase in these neurons after injury—particularly painful neuromas. When they introduced CB2 agonists into neurons grown in laboratory dishes, the agents blocked markers of neuron fir-
Uptake of fatty acids by jejunal mucosal cells is mediated by a fatty acid binding membrane protein.
Authors: W Stremmel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The previous identification of a membrane fatty acid binding protein (MFABP) in brush border plasma membranes of the jejunum suggested that mucosal cell uptake of fatty acids might represent a carrier-mediated transport system. For evaluation of this hypothesis cellular influx kinetics (V0) of [3H]-oleate were examined in isolated rat jejunal mucosal cells. With increasing unbound oleate concentration in the medium V0 was saturable (Km = 93 nM; Vmax = 2.1 nmol X min-1 per 10(6) cells) and temperature dependent with an optimum at 37 degrees C. Pretreatment of the cells with a monospecific antibody to MFABP significantly inhibited V0 of oleate, other long-chain fatty acids, and D-monopalmitin, but not of L-alanine. Moreover, in the in vivo system of isolated perfused jejunal segments the physiologic significance of MFABP in the directed overall intestinal absorption process of fatty acids was documented. In the presence of the anti-MFABP oleate absorption was markedly reduced, whereas uptake of L-alanine remained unaltered. By antibody inhibition studies it was suggested that this membrane carrier also reveals transport competence for various other long-chain fatty acids, D-monopalmitin, L-lysophosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. These data support the hypothesis that absorption of fatty acids is mediated by a fatty acid binding membrane protein.
Toxicity and Inanition in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Donald J. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

CONTROLLED studies of the effects of mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard) given to patients at the time of surgery for cancer of the lung demonstrated that with the usual dose of 0.4 mg. per kilogram there was an appreciable increase of mortality.<sup>1</sup>The reason for higher susceptibility of surgical patients to this drug is not known. One factor which may play a role is the starvation which usually accompanies surgery. In the present experiment, the effect of brief starvation on survival rates of mice treated with anticancer drugs was tested. <h3>Method</h3> Swiss female mice fed on Purina mouse chow and weighing about 20 gm. were randomly divided into 2 groups. One group was deprived of food but not water for 24 hours before injection with mechlorethamine, plus 24 hours afterward. Both groups were injected at the same time. Body weights, organ weights, white blood cell counts, and histology were studied in
Epitope regions on U1 small nuclear RNA recognized by anti-U1RNA-specific autoantibodies.
Authors: R M Hoet, P De Weerd, J K Gunnewiek, I Koornneef, W J Van Venrooij
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Autoantibodies specifically directed to U1RNA were found in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) overlap syndromes. To obtain more insight in the mechanism responsible for this U1RNA-specific antibody formation and to use the antibodies eventually as a tool to study U1RNA-protein (U1RNP) interactions, the B cell epitopes on U1RNA were mapped. Using in vitro synthesized domains of U1RNA, the main epitope regions were found in stemloops II and IV. Furthermore, 3'-end or 5'-end truncation of both stemloop II and stemloop IV showed that the conformation of the stemloops is critical for antibody recognition. Mutant studies on both stemloops indicated that in the case of stemloop II the stem is the main antigenic region, whereas in stemloop IV, the loop (E-loop) is a main target. The results of this study support the idea that the anti-U1RNA autoantibody could be the result of a process driven by the human U1RNP complex itself (antigen-driven process).
THE DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR OF CUTANEOUS NERVES IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SKIN.
Authors: A. SCOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1958)

Journal Article THE DISTRIBUTION AND BEHAVIOUR OF CUTANEOUS NERVES IN NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SKIN. Get access A. SCOTT, M.D. A. SCOTT, M.D. Department of Dermatology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 70, Issue 1, 1 January 1958, Pages 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1958.tb13786.x Published: 01 January 1958