tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NEUROSIS AND GROUP MOTIVATION
Authors: MARTIN H. STEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

It is impossible to make combat itself any less dangerous or pleasant. It is also impossible to improve to any great degree the inherent emotional stamina of our manpower. It is feasible and essential, to prepare men emotionally in such a way that their reaction to combat will be better. This emotional preparation is "morale." Neurosis develops when anxiety reaches such a point that it requires most of the soldier's energy to fight it, and it interferes seriously with his ability to fight the enemy. The development of neurosis in a given combat situation depends upon the extent to which the soldier has become part of his group, also the direction and effectiveness of the hostility which is aroused. Resentment and hostility are present in every soldier, particularly when he is under stress. If they are directed toward the enemy in the form of effective action, he can function as a good soldier, and is less likely to develop more anxiety. If they are misdirected, or cannot be expressed, excessive anxiety develops, and may be disabling. Good morale protects the soldier from anxiety, first, by offering him the protection derived from group identification, and second, by directing hostility into proper channels. It does not produce hostility; it merely directs that which is already present. The primary step in good morale is the establishment of superior leadership, particularly at the company level. Identification with larger military units, such as the regiment, division and field army, are desirable because of their greater permanence and power, protecting the soldier when smaller units are disintegrated in combat. It is essential to inculcate loyalty toward larger and more stable groups, toward the Army, the government, the nation and the Allied war effort. This program, based largely upon furnishing information to the soldier, when skillfully presented by able officers, has been accepted by the soldier, even by the neurotic soldier. It has been especially useful in directing the hostility already present into proper channels, away from command, authority and allied groups, and toward the enemy. Psychoneurotic casualties will eventually occur in combat no matter how good the group morale may be. Nevertheless, high morale will delay their occurrence and lower their expected incidence. Finally, it is our contention that a soldier who is well led, knows why he is fighting and believes in the necessity for fighting, will not only remain on the line longer and fight better, but will be less likely to be disabled by neurosis.
LETTER FROM EUROPE.No. II.
Authors: James B. Herrick
Journal: JAMA (1894)

on Friday evening, having stopped at Larry's, at the Lower Basin, for lunch.The following morning the party left the Park and returned to the every-day work-a-day world through the Paradise Valley of the Yellowstone as we had entered it a week before.In reviewing our recent impres¬ sions, it was thought proper to express in a formal manner,
Join the club
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Join us. And celebrate. You deserve it. You've worked hard, you've passed, and you've got a lot to be proud of. So bring your mum and dad if you want. And your wife or your husband and your kids too if you've got any. There's a bit of a ceremony, an informal supper, and a big welcome for all our new members and their families. Be great to see you all.

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I've no idea of the exact phrasing on the invitations that went out from our royal and ancient college, but in essence it must have been something like that. The place is crowded, festive, and noisy. Three hundred people, …

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A Case of Dracunculiasis (Guinea-worm) in Nairobi
Authors: A. L. Ribeiro
Journal: BMJ (1953)

LEUCOTOMY AND MENSTRUATION- communally, but she continued to grow heavier.When discharged from hospital on April 25 her weight was 8 st. 4 lb.(52.6 kg.).Subsequently she became a welfare worker with a chari- table organization in London, and was able to lead an in- dependent existence away from home.In July it was noted
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in acute and chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Axel Ulsenheimer, J. Tilman Gerlach, Maria‐Christina Jung, Norbert Gruener, Martin Wächtler, Markus Backmund, Teresa Santantonio, Winfried Schraut, Malte H. J. Heeg, Carl A. Schirren, Reinhart Zachoval, Gerd R. Pape, Helmut M. Diepolder
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Chronic evolution of acute hepatitis C (aHC) occurs in more than 80% of patients but can frequently be prevented by early treatment with interferon (IFN)-α. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major endogenous IFN-α producers, but their role in aHC is unknown. In this study, frequency, phenotype, and pDC function were analyzed in 13 patients with aHC and 32 patients with chronic hepatitis C (cHC) compared with 20 healthy controls, 33 sustained responders to antiviral treatment, 14 patients with acute hepatitis B (aHB), and 21 patients with nonviral inflammatory disease. In aHC, pDCs in the peripheral blood were significantly reduced compared with healthy controls (median, 0.1% vs. 0.36%, P < .0005) and were inversely correlated to alanine aminotransferase levels (r = −0.823; P < .005). Circulating pDCs in aHC were immature, as determined via reduced expression of HLA-DR and CCR7, and produced little amounts of IFN-α (median, 3.5 pg/50,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] vs. 498.4 pg/50,000 PBMCs in healthy controls; P < .0005). Less pronounced changes were present in cHC (median, 0.17%, 28.0 pg/50,000 PBMCs IFN-α, respectively). However, a significantly reduced frequency and IFN-α production was also found in self-limited aHB (median 0.1%, 8.6 pg/50,000 PBMCs) and in patients with nonviral inflammatory disease (median 0.19%, 7.5 pg/50,000 PBMCs). In conclusion, in aHC frequency and IFN-α–producing capacity of peripheral blood pDCs are dramatically reduced and inversely correlated with the degree of liver inflammation. In cHC there is incomplete recovery of pDC function, which, however, could be solely due to the chronic inflammatory state. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:643–651.)
Coronary artery spasm during exercise: treatment with verapamil.
Authors: B Freedman, R F Dunn, D R Richmond, D T Kelly
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Six patients who had documented coronary spasm and no coronary artery with organic obstruction greater than 50% developed angina and ST-segment elevation on exercise testing. Oral verapamil, 160-480 mg/day, prevented exercise-induced ischemia in all patients and increased maximal work capacity from 611+/- 250 kpm to 808 +/- 160 kpm (p less than 0.02). In two patients, a relationship between the prevention of exercise-provoked ischemia and the plasma concentration of verapamil was demonstrated, and in one of these, the relationship had a diurnal pattern. Patients with variant angina may develop coronary spasm on effort and often respond to verapamil.
Management of colon cancer: resource-stratified guidelines from the Asian Oncology Summit 2012
Authors: Geoffrey Ku, Iain BeeHuat Tan, Thomas Yau, Narikazu Boku, Sudsawat Laohavinij, Ann-Lii Cheng, Yoon-Koo Kang, Gilberto de Lima Lopes
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
SHP-2/PTPN11 mediates gliomagenesis driven by PDGFRA and INK4A/ARF aberrations in mice and humans
Authors: Kun-Wei Liu, Haizhong Feng, Robert Bachoo, Andrius Kazlauskas, Erin M. Smith, Karen Symes, Ronald L. Hamilton, Motoo Nagane, Ryo Nishikawa, Bo Hu, Shi-Yuan Cheng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Recent collaborative efforts have subclassified malignant glioblastomas into 4 clinical relevant subtypes based on their signature genetic lesions. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) overexpression is concomitant with a loss of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) locus (encoding P16INK4A and P14ARF) in a large number of tumors within one subtype of glioblastomas. Here we report that activation of PDGFRα conferred tumorigenicity to Ink4a/Arf-deficient mouse astrocytes and human glioma cells in the brain. Restoration of p16INK4a but not p19ARF suppressed PDGFRα-promoted glioma formation. Mechanistically, abrogation of signaling modules in PDGFRα that lost capacity to bind to SHP-2 or PI3K significantly diminished PDGFRα-promoted tumorigenesis. Furthermore, inhibition of SHP-2 by shRNAs or pharmacological inhibitors disrupted the interaction of PI3K with PDGFRα, suppressed downstream AKT/mTOR activation, and impaired tumorigenesis of Ink4a/Arf-null cells, whereas expression of an activated PI3K mutant rescued the effect of SHP-2 inhibition on tumorigenicity. PDGFRα and PDGF-A are coexpressed in clinical glioblastoma specimens, and such co-expression is linked with activation of SHP-2/AKT/mTOR signaling. Together, our data suggest that in glioblastomas with Ink4a/Arf deficiency, overexpressed PDGFRα promotes tumorigenesis through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated pathway regulated by SHP-2 activity. These findings functionally validate the genomic analysis of glioblastomas and identify SHP-2 as a potential target for treatment of glioblastomas.
Interleukin 18 inhibits osteoclast formation via T cell production of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: N J Horwood, N Udagawa, J Elliott, D Grail, H Okamura, M Kurimoto, A R Dunn, T Martin, M T Gillespie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

IL-18 inhibits osteoclast (OCL) formation in vitro independent of IFN-gamma production, and this was abolished by the addition of neutralizing antibodies to GM-CSF. We now establish that IL-18 was unable to inhibit OCL formation in cocultures using GM-CSF-deficient mice (GM-CSF -/-). Reciprocal cocultures using either wild-type osteoblasts with GM-CSF -/- spleen cells or GM-CSF -/- osteoblasts with wild-type spleen cells were examined. Wild-type spleen cells were required to elicit a response to IL-18 indicating that cells of splenic origin were the IL-18 target. As T cells comprise a large proportion of the spleen cell population, the role of T cells in osteoclastogenesis was examined. Total T cells were removed and repleted in various combinations. Addition of wild-type T cells to a GM-CSF -/- coculture restored IL-18 inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Major subsets of T cells, CD4+ and CD8+, were also individually depleted. Addition of either CD4+ or CD8+ wild-type T cells restored IL-18 action in a GM-CSF -/- background, while IL-18 was ineffective when either CD4+ or CD8+ GM-CSF -/- T cells were added to a wild-type coculture. These results highlight the involvement of T cells in IL-18-induced OCL inhibition and provide evidence for a new OCL inhibitory pathway whereby IL-18 inhibits OCL formation due to action upon T cells promoting the release of GM-CSF, which in turn acts upon OCL precursors.
P933 ONCE-DAILY ORAL LUSUTROMBOPAG, ALTERNATIVE TO PLATELET TRANSFUSION IN THROMBOCYTOPENIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE UNDERGOING RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION: RESULTS FROM A PHASE 2B, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY
Authors: N. Izumi, R. Tateishi, M. Seike, M. Kudo, H. Tamai, S. Kawazoe, K. Tanaka, M. Kurokawa, Y. Osaki, K. Yamamoto, M. Imawari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Blood flow changes with naftidrofuryl in systemic sclerosis and Raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: P. M. GAYLARDE, O. T. TAN, I. SARKANY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Blood flow was measured in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, systemic sclerosis and in normal controls by venous occusion plethysmography on the forearm and calf, and changes in blood flow in the finger were followed by calorimetry. Intravenous naftidrofuryl oxalate (praxilene) improved blood flow to the skin of the finger as measured calorimetrically in seven of sixteen patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. The drug markedly reduced blood flow in the finger in all ten normal control subjects. However, naftidrofuryl increased blood flow as measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in the leg both of normal subjects and of those with Raynaud's phenomenon. In addition to these findings, no significant change in blood flow in response to the drug was observed in the forearm. The reasons for these regional differences are discussed and considered to be due to redistributuion of blood flow as a result of differences in pharmacological receptor activity in different parts of the body and possible also due to effects of central control.
Herpes Zoster With Motor Involvement
Authors: Jack Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The first case reported of motor involvement of the upper extremity due to herpes zoster was in 1866 by William Broadbent. 1 Grant and Rowe 2 reviewed the literature in 1961 and were able to find 42 cases of extremity paralysis due to herpes zoster, 30 involving the upper extremity and 12 the lower. Motor involvement of the trigeminal and facial nerves and paralysis of the intercostal and abdominal muscles are well known, and references to these entities may be found in the communication by Grant and Rowe.  Since 1961 eight more cases of extremity paralysis have been reported. 3-8 These include four patients with involvement of the shoulder and four with involvement of the lower extremity. Several patients have been described with diaphragmatic involvement along with extremity involvement, 7-8 and another report 9 describes a patient with zoster rash of the shoulder and diaphragmatic weakness but
Bronchial provocation testing in the diagnosis of occupational asthma due to latex surgical gloves
Authors: G Pisati, A Baruffini, F Bernabeo, R Stanizzi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

In sensitized subjects, provocation tests to latex may induce severe systemic reactions and even anaphylactic shock. It is probable that part of the risk is due to the difficulty in grading the stimulating dose and in starting from very low levels of exposure. To identify the aetiological agent of work-related asthma in four nurses with previous allergic contact urticaria to latex surgical gloves dusted with cornstarch powder, we performed a specific bronchial provocation test study, based on exposure on three different days to nonpowdered latex surgical glove extract, powdered latex surgical glove extract and cornstarch powder extract, respectively. Extracts were nebulized in increasing concentrations in a 7 m3 challenge room, in the absence of the patients. The initial extract concentration was a tenfold dilution of the predetermined skin test end-point in the individual undergoing challenge, and the highest concentration was the undiluted extract. After exposure, the patients' forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was monitored for 2 h. If FEV1 decreased by at least 15%, the next scheduled exposure was not carried out and FEV1 was monitored over a period of 24 h. Whereas nebulization of cornstarch powder extract caused no bronchial reaction in the patients, nebulization of nonpowdered latex surgical glove extract induced immediate bronchoconstriction in two subjects as an undiluted solution, and nebulization of powdered latex surgical glove extract induced immediate bronchoconstriction in all subjects at the 1:10 dilution. No systemic reaction was elicited by the bronchial provocation challenges. Our results demonstrate that airborne powder from latex gloves can be an inhalative occupational hazard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of Stannous Pyrophosphate Red Blood Cell Gastrointestinal Bleeding Scan on Subsequent Meckelʼs Scan
Authors: CHI-KWAN YEN, YVETTE LANOIE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Both labeled RBC and Meckel's scans have been used to evaluate pediatric patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, sometimes sequentially in the same patient. Particularly in infants, from whom withdrawal of sufficient blood for in vitro RBC labeling is often not possible, in vivo labeling with stannous pyrophosphate is used. However, prior administration of stannous-containing agents is known to alter the in vivo distribution of Tc-99m pertechnetate and to interfere with the subsequent Meckel's scan. The authors report on a Meckel's scan performed on an infant 1 week after a Gl bleeding study with Tc-99m and stannous pyrophosphate. The Meckel's scan shows abnormal tracer distribution with absent gastric uptake, rendering the scan uninterpretable. In pediatric patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, a Meckel's scan should be done before labeled RBC imaging.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy and risks from unnecessary investigations must both be minimised
Authors: J. Thachil
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Sultan and colleagues remind us of the high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy, but the main concern is the increase in referrals for excluding VTE.1 For example, a study of 149 pregnant women who underwent compression ultrasonography for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) found a prevalence of only 8.7%.2

Diagnosis of VTE …
TCT-531 EXCITE ISR: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial of Excimer Laser Atherectomy vs Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Eric J. Dippel, Prakash Makam, Richard C. Kovach, Jon C. George, Raghotham R. Patlola, D. Christopher Metzger, Carlos I. Mena, Peter Soukas, Pedro Colon-Hernadez, Matthew Stark, Craig Walker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
B lymphocyte–directed immunotherapy promotes long-term islet allograft survival in nonhuman primates
Authors: Chengyang Liu, Hooman Noorchashm, Jennifer A Sutter, Mina Naji, Eline Luning Prak, Jean Boyer, Taryn Green, Michael R Rickels, John E Tomaszewski, Brigitte Koeberlein, Zhonglin Wang, Michelle E Paessler, Ergun Velidedeoglu, Susan Y Rostami, Ming Yu, Clyde F Barker, Ali Naji
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Lowering the Criterion for Impaired Fasting Glucose
Authors: E. Shyong Tai, Su Yen Goh, Jeannette J.M. Lee, Moh-Sim Wong, Derrick Heng, Kenneth Hughes, Suok Kai Chew, Jeffery Cutter, William Chew, Ken Gu, Kee Seng Chia, Chee Eng Tan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effect of lowering the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) criterion for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) on the prevalence of IFG, the risks of diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with IFG. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Three studies were used: 1) the 1998 National Health Survey (NHS98), a randomly selected cross-sectional sample of 4,723 subjects; 2) the Singapore Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) Follow-up Study, a cohort study comprising 295 IGT and 292 normal glucose tolerance subjects (frequency matched for age, sex, and ethnic group) followed up from 1992 to 2000; and 3) the Singapore CVD Cohort Study, comprising 5,920 subjects from three cross-sectional studies in whom the first ischemic heart disease (IHD) event was identified through linkage to registry databases. Risk of diabetes (Singapore IGT Follow-up study) was estimated using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Risk of IHD (Singapore CVD cohort) was estimated using stratified (by study, from which data were derived) Cox’s proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. RESULTS—Lowering the criterion for diagnosing IFG to 5.6 mmol/l increased the prevalence of IFG from 9.5 to 32.3% in the NHS98. The lower cutoff identified more subjects at risk of diabetes and IHD, but the relative risk was lower than that for IGT. CONCLUSIONS—Greater efforts to identify those with IGT, or a group at similar risk of diabetes and CVD, may be a more efficient public health measure than lowering the FPG criterion for diagnosing IFG.
Abstract 3490: Selective estrogen receptor modulators enhance efficacy of small molecule CDK inhibitors on human breast cancer cells differing in the expression of ER
Authors: Jozefa Wesierska-Gadek, Nora Zulehner, Oxana Komina, Margarita Maurer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Inactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) by pharmacological inhibitors is a very effective weapon against malignant cells. Roscovitine (ROSC), a selective CDK inhibitor primarily affecting CDK2, CDK1, and CDK7, reduces the number of human cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. At lower doses ROSC arrests cell cycle progression and at higher doses it induces apoptosis. ROSC inhibits efficiently proliferation of human ER+-ve MCF-7 breast cancer cells by induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M transition [1] and concomitantly initiates apoptosis by a p53-dependent pathway [2]. However, the effect of ROSC was much weaker in MCF-7 cells maintained in the presence of estrogen-mimicking compounds [3]. Therefore, we decided to examine the action of selective CDK inhibitors on other breast cancer cell lines differing in the status of p53 and ER and to prove the impact of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on the efficacy of ROSC and olomoucine II (OLO II), a new pharmacological CDK inhibitor. ROSC and OLO II were effective on all tested breast cancer cell lines. They arrested MCF-7 and BT-20 cells at G2/M transition and SKBR3 cells in G1 phase and additionally induced apoptosis. The effect of the inhibition of CDKs on distinct cell cycle regulators and pro-survival factors was studied. Interestingly, SERM strongly affected all tested cell lines irrespective of their ER status. Its combination with CDK inhibitors had a different impact. It enhanced G1 or G2 arrest. Our results provide evidence that both CDK inhibitors exert a strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect and that their mode of action depends on the cellular context. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that pharmacological CDK inhibitors can be combined with anti-estrogen therapy. The strong effect of anti-estrogens on ER-negative cancer cells indicates that SERMs crosstalk with other steroid hormone receptors. [1] Wojciechowski J. et al. 2003. Rapid onset of nucleolar disintegration preceding cell cycle arrest in roscovitine-induced apoptosis of human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 106: 486-95. [2] Wesierska-Gadek J. et al. 2005. Roscovitine-induced up-regulation of p53AIP1 protein precedes the onset of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 4: 113-124. [3] Wesierska-Gadek J. et al. 2006. Phenol red reduces ROSC mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human MCF-7 cells. J Cell Biochem. 98: 1369-1379. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3490.
Wellcome Trust boosts pay to keep researchers in Britain
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The decision by the British research charity the Wellcome Trust to give its 270 senior researchers a 30%pay rise has put pressure on the UK government to follow suit with its academic researchers; the move is unlikely, however, to provoke a compensatory windfall for researchers in competing US and European institutions.

Urgent action is needed to keep Britain's …