tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunization of mice with syngeneic Moloney lymphoma cells induces separate antibodies against virion envelope glycoprotein and virus-induced cell surface antigens.
Authors: E M Fenyo, E Yefenof, E Klein, G Klein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Immunization of mice with heavily irradiated syngeneic Moloney lymphoma cells evokes antibodies against the major viral envelope antigen, gp71, and the Moloney virus-induced cell surface antigen (MCSA). A9HT cells, an L-cell subline, react with the antibodies against the viral envelope antigen only; this reaction can be completely inhibited by virus or purified gp71. Reactivity to Moloney lymphoma cells (YAC) was only partially inhibited (maximum 30%) or not at all. This can be attributed to the reaction of the YAC cells with antibodies directed against MCSA, a nonvirion cell surface component according to both biological and biochemical evidence. Antibody-induced capping of gp71 or p15(E) did not change the membrane distribution of MCSA or H-2, indicating that these antigens represent distinct entities on the cell surface. MCSA showed only minimal capping and thereby differed in behavior from both H-2 and virion antigens. gp71 could be capped by the mouse antiserum as revealed by subsequent staining with monospecific anti-gp71 antiserum. Under ordinary test conditions this reactivity is overshadowed by the reaction against MCSA. The lack of MCSA capping reflects a difference in anchorage of this antigen.
THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PATHOLOGY AND THE RESULTS OF SYMPATHECTOMY
Authors: E. D. Telford, J. S. B. Stopford
Journal: BMJ (1935)

This mysterious disease, formerly described under a bewildering variety of names, owes its present title to the work of Buerger, whose observations culminated in his important book, published in 1924.The disease is a chronic, occlusive lesion, which affects, in the first instance, the medium-sized arteries, especially of the lower limb, and it is to Buerger that we owe the statement that thrombo-phlebitis is not only found in association with some cases, but may actually precede the development of clinical signs of arterial obstruction.The work of many observers since 1924 leaves no doubt that thrombo-angiitis obliterans is a definite clinical entity, belonging to the vasospastic group of vascular lesions.The following study is based on personal observation of some 200 cases, and is largely concerned with the results obtained by sympathetic cord ganglionectomy.To this end we have taken as a basis of assessment those patients who were operated upon by us in the three years April, 1931, to April, 1934.The number is forty-eight, and in a recent review the present condition of each one has been ascertained. OccurrenceThrombo-angiitis obliterans is pre-eminently a disease of the male.Every writer insists on its rarity in women.A report of the Mayo Clinic mentions ten cases in women, Buerger gives only three, and we have seen but two undoubted cases.It is evident from the literature of the subject, which at this date includes several large and important series of cases, that less than 1 per cent. of the patients are women.Earlier writers stressed the frequerncy of the disease in the Jew, but more extended observations show that this suggested preponderance is merely fortuitous, and important lists of cases have been reported in Chinese and Siamese natives.Our own series contains no greater proportion of Jews than one would expect in the mixed population of Manchester.Occupation appears to have no direct relation to the disease.We have thought that an undue proportion of our cases arose in men whose work as navvies, slaters, etc., exposed them to much wet and cold, -but it is clear that this can be no more than a contributory or aggravating factor.The disease is almost invariably first seen in the legs, and appears to begin in the medium-sized arteries, such
Overdiagnosis in screening mammography in Denmark: population based cohort study
Authors: S. H. Njor, A. H. Olsen, M. Blichert-Toft, W. Schwartz, I. Vejborg, E. Lynge
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To use data from two longstanding, population based screening programmes to study overdiagnosis in screening mammography. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Copenhagen municipality (from 1991) and Funen County (from 1993), Denmark. <b>Participants</b> 57 763 women targeted by organised screening, aged 56-69 when the screening programmes started, and followed up to 2009. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Overdiagnosis of breast cancer in women targeted by screening, assessed by relative risks compared with historical control groups from screening regions, national control groups from non-screening regions, and historical national control groups. <b>Results</b> In total, 3279 invasive breast carcinomas and ductal carcinomas in situ occurred. The start of screening led to prevalence peaks in breast cancer incidence: relative risk 2.06 (95% confidence interval 1.64 to 2.59) for Copenhagen and 1.84 (1.46 to 2.32) for Funen. During subsequent screening rounds, relative risks were slightly above unity: 1.04 (0.85 to 1.27) for Copenhagen and 1.14 (0.98 to 1.32) for Funen. A compensatory dip was seen after the end of invitation to screening: relative risk 0.80 (0.65 to 0.98) for Copenhagen and 0.67 (0.55 to 0.81) for Funen during the first four years. The relative risk of breast cancer accumulated over the entire follow-up period was 1.06 (0.90 to 1.25) for Copenhagen and 1.01 (0.93 to 1.10) for Funen. Relative risks for participants corrected for selection bias were estimated to be 1.08 for Copenhagen and 1.02 for Funen; for participants followed for at least eight years after the end of screening, they were 1.05 and 1.01. A pooled estimate gave 1.040 (0.99 to 1.09) for all targeted women and 1.023 (0.97 to 1.08) for targeted women followed for at least eight years after the end of screening. <b>Conclusions</b> On the basis of combined data from the two screening programmes, this study indicated that overdiagnosis most likely amounted to 2.3% (95% confidence interval −3% to 8%) in targeted women. Among participants, it was most likely 1-5%. At least eight years after the end of screening were needed to compensate for the excess incidence during screening.
Drug Advertising on TV: A New Inquiry
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

It is difficult to find commercial television programs that do not contain messages for remedies to tighten dentures, loosen bowels, defeat flatulence, retain lovability, and induce or delay slumber.The reason it is difficult is that commercial television ranks just behind the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing in single-minded devotion to the production of money. And over-the-counter drug advertising on TV does indeed produce a great deal of money. The annual sum is over $300 million; in a recent year, three drug companies were among the 10 largest TV advertisers and one out of eight commercials was devoted to . . .
Meta-analysis says low LDL cholesterol may be associated with greater risk of cancer
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Patients with low concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, lowered as a result of taking statins, are at significantly more risk of being diagnosed as having cancer compared with patients with higher concentrations of the cholesterol, according to a meta-analysis of 23 large studies of statins ( Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007;5:409-18).

The analysis found one more case of newly diagnosed cancer per 1000 patients with low achieved LDL cholesterol concentrations who were taking statin treatment (below 100 mg/dl) compared with patients with higher concentrations of the cholesterol (100-150 mg/dl). US guidelines recommend 100 mg/dl.

The study set out to investigate why and how statins sometimes increase concentrations of liver enzymes and cause rhabdomyolysis. Results showed that raised liver enzymes were significantly related to higher doses of statins. The rate of raised liver …
Cost-Effectiveness of Different Screening Strategies for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Smita Nayak, Mark S. Roberts, Susan L. Greenspan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: The best strategies to screen postmenopausal women for osteoporosis are not clear. Objective: To identify the cost-effectiveness of various screening strategies. Design: Individual-level state-transition cost-effectiveness model. Data Sources: Published literature. Target Population: U.S. women aged 55 years or older. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Payer. Intervention: Screening strategies composed of alternative tests (central dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA], calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography [QUS], and the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation [SCORE] tool) initiation ages, treatment thresholds, and rescreening intervals. Oral bisphosphonate treatment was assumed, with a base-case adherence rate of 50% and a 5-year on/off treatment pattern. Outcome Measures: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (2010 U.S. dollars per quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] gained). Results of Base-Case Analysis: At all evaluated ages, screening was superior to not screening. In general, quality-adjusted life-days gained with screening tended to increase with age. At all initiation ages, the best strategy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of less than $50 000 per QALY was DXA screening with a T-score threshold of −2.5 or less for treatment and with follow-up screening every 5 years. Across screening initiation ages, the best strategy with an ICER less than $50 000 per QALY was initiation of screening at age 55 years by using DXA −2.5 with rescreening every 5 years. The best strategy with an ICER less than $100 000 per QALY was initiation of screening at age 55 years by using DXA with a T-score threshold of −2.0 or less for treatment and then rescreening every 10 years. No other strategy that involved treatment of women with osteopenia had an ICER less than $100 000 per QALY. Many other strategies, including strategies with SCORE or QUS prescreening, were also cost-effective, and in general the differences in effectiveness and costs between evaluated strategies was small. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Probabilistic sensitivity analysis did not reveal a consistently superior strategy. Limitations: Data were primarily from white women. Screening initiation at ages younger than 55 years were not examined. Only osteoporotic fractures of the hip, vertebrae, and wrist were modeled. Conclusion: Many strategies for postmenopausal osteoporosis screening are effective and cost-effective, including strategies involving screening initiation at age 55 years. No strategy substantially outperforms another. Primary Funding Source: National Center for Research Resources.
An Update on Cancer Cluster Activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Beverly S. Kingsley, Karen L. Schmeichel, Carol H. Rubin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to be aware of the need for response to public concern as well as to state and local agency concern about cancer clusters. In 1990 the CDC published the “Guidelines for Investigating Clusters of Health Events,” in which a four-stage process was presented. This document has provided a framework that most state health departments have adopted, with modifications pertaining to their specific situations, available resources, and philosophy concerning disease clusters. The purpose of this present article is not to revise the CDC guidelines; they retain their original usefulness and validity. However, in the past 15 years, multiple cluster studies as well as scientific and technologic developments have affected cluster science and response (improvements in cancer registries, a federal initiative in environmental public health tracking, refinement of biomarker technology, cluster identification using geographic information systems software, and the emergence of the Internet). Thus, we offer an addendum for use with the original document. Currently, to address both the needs of state health departments as well as public concern, the CDC now a) provides a centralized, coordinated response system for cancer cluster inquiries, b) supports an electronic cancer cluster listserver, c) maintains an informative web page, and d) provides support to states, ranging from laboratory analysis to epidemiologic assistance and expertise. Response to cancer clusters is appropriate public health action, and the CDC will continue to provide assistance, facilitate communication among states, and foster the development of new approaches in cluster science.
Silastic Band Migration: An Unusual Complication Following Vertical Banded Gastroplasty
Authors: C. Froilán Torres, J. M. Suárez, M. D. Martín, P. Castillo, D. Hervías, J. M. Segura
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Currently, vertical banded gastroplasty is one of the procedures of choice for the treatment of morbid obesity [1] [2]. It is a restrictive technique, associated with a rapid weight loss that is fairly well maintained over time. However, the price paid for these results is relatively high, if complications and the additional surgical procedures needed to resolve them are considered.
Gastrin in Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Solomon A. Berson, Rosalyn S. Yalow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

IN view of the role of gastrin as a potent gastric secretagogue, the established gastric hypersecretion in subjects with duodenal ulcer (DU), and the much increased tendency to gastrointestinal ulceration in patients harboring a gastrin-producing tumor (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), an appraisal of the status of gastrin secretion in DU patients is clearly of some importance. The recent availability of radioimmunoassays for plasma gastrin now permits such an evaluation.The relation between the rate of secretion of a hormone and the concentration of its target substance in body fluids can usually be depicted in the form of a closed loop in which . . .
CEACAM1 Expression in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Predicts the Development of Metastatic Disease
Authors: Anka Thies, Ingrid Moll, Jürgen Berger, Christoph Wagener, Jens Brümmer, Hans-Joachim Schulze, Georg Brunner, Udo Schumacher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The cell adhesion molecule CEACAM1 is involved in intercellular adhesion and subsequent signal transduction events in a number of epithelia. CEACAM1 downregulation has been demonstrated in colorectal and prostate carcinomas. This study sought to analyze whether its expression in malignant melanoma is associated with metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CEACAM1 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in 100 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas and correlated with metastasis in a 10-year follow-up. Furthermore, CEACAM1 expression was analyzed in metastatic lesions (11 distant metastases and six sentinel lymph node metastases). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis adjusted for standard prognostic indicators were performed to assess the prognostic relevance of CEACAM1 expression. RESULTS: A total of 28 of 40 patients with CEACAM1-positive primary melanomas developed metastatic disease, compared with only six of 60 patients with CEACAM1-negative melanomas. Often, the strongest CEACAM1 expression was observed at the invading front. In addition, CEACAM1 expression was preserved in the metastatic lesions. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a highly significant association between CEACAM1 expression and metastasis (P &lt; .0001); multivariate Cox regression analysis, including CEACAM1 expression status adjusted for tumor thickness, presence of ulceration, and mitotic rate, confirmed that CEACAM1 is an independent factor for the risk of metastasis and demonstrated that the predictive value of CEACAM1 expression is superior to that of tumor thickness. CONCLUSION: Expression of the cell adhesion molecule CEACAM1 in the primary tumors in melanoma patients is associated with the subsequent development of metastatic disease. This raises the possibility of a functional role for this cell adhesion molecule in the metastatic spread it indicates.
No-confidence vote on catheter removal of foreign bodies
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Since the mid-1960s, the use of the Foley (balloon) catheter to remove foreign bodies from the esophagus has become increasingly popular among many radiologists, general surgeons, family and emergency physicians, and pediatricians. But, according to results of a recent survey reported to the American Broncho-Esophagological Association meeting in Palm Beach, Fla, those physicians who are specially trained in the removal of such foreign bodies find little use for the device, preferring conventional endoscopic extraction techniques in the presence of adequate airway management capability. The survey, conducted among directors of otolaryngology and thoracic surgery residency programs and members of the Society for Pediatric Radiology, was described by W. Frederick McGuirt, MD, associate professor of otolaryngology at Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC. Completed questionnaires were received from 245 physicians reporting on 1,512 cases of Foley catheter use. McGuirt said that of the 84 otolaryngologist respondents, only five
Expression of endothelial and leukocyte adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the bronchial mucosa in steady-state and allergen-induced asthma
Authors: A BENTLEY, S DURHAM, D ROBINSON, G MENZ, C STORZ, O CROMWELL, A KAY, A WARDLAW
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1993)
Breast cancer after stopping estrogen plus progestin in postmenopausal women in the women's health initiative.
Authors: RT Chlebowski, L Kuller, G Anderson, J Mason, R Schenken, A Rajkovic, M Stefanick, G Sarto, P Ravdin, R Prentice
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #64 Background&amp;#x2028; Following the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) estrogen plus progestin (E+P) trial report (JAMA 2002;288:321), menopausal hormone therapy use decreased dramatically in the United States. Subsequently, breast cancer incidence also dropped substantially, suggesting possible causality (NEJM 2007;16:1680); however, the etiology remains controversial.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; To define effects of stopping E+P on breast cancer incidence more precisely, additional analyses were conducted in the WHI randomized trial of daily conjugated equine estrogens (CEE, 0.625 mg) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg) versus placebo. Furthermore, temporal trends for breast cancer diagnoses in the WHI observational study cohort were examined. Breast cancer risk factors, mammography utilization and calendar time-specific breast cancer incidence were assessed relative to E+P use.&amp;#x2028; Results: The time-specific linear hazard ratio (HR) curves examining E+P influence on breast cancer in the E+P clinical trial (CT), and in the observational study (OS, the later adjusted for E+P use during follow-up) are attached.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; In the CT, breast cancer incidence, initially lower in the E+P group, increased with longer duration use but decreased postintervention despite closely comparable mammogram frequency between randomization groups. In the OS, breast cancer incidence was about two-fold higher in E+P users vs non-users (likely reflecting longer duration exposure) but decreased rapidly following year-to-year reductions in E+P use, while differences in mammogram frequency between E+P users and non-users were unchanged.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: These findings suggest that cessation of E+P use is associated with a rapid reduction in breast cancer incidence which is not explained by mammography utilization change and support the hypothesis that the recent reduction in breast cancer incidence seen in certain age groups is predominantly related to a decrease in combined menopausal therapy use. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 64.
Reduction of Inappropriate ShockS bY InCreaseD Zones (RISSY-ICD) Trial
Authors: Serkan Çay, Fatih Uçar, Göksel Çağırcı, Serkan Topaloğlu, Dursun Aras, Fırat Özcan, Özcan Özeke, Muhammet Cebeci, Sinan Aydoğdu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Comparison of gas-phase free-radical populations in tobacco smoke and model systems by HPLC.
Authors: T M Flicker, S A Green
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We used an improved method for trapping carbon-centered radicals (.R) from the gas-phase to compare radical suites trapped from various tobacco smoke and model smoke systems. Using a nitroxide trap, 3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (3AP), on solid support, we trapped radicals directly from the gas phase, washed them off the support, and analyzed them with HPLC. Separation of the trapped radicals showed that each tobacco type produced a unique radical suite of 4-10 distinct peaks. Gas mixtures used to model tobacco smoke consisted of nitric oxide, air, isoprene, and methanol. The model systems produced radical suites of four major and several minor peaks, two of which matched peaks in tobacco smoke chromatograms. Quantities of radicals trapped from tobacco smoke were: 54 +/- 2 nmol .R per Marlboro cigarette, 66 +/- 9 nmol .R per Djarum clove cigarette, and 185 +/- 9 nmol .R per Swisher Sweet cigar. In these experiments oxygen competes with the nitroxide trap for gas-phase radicals. A kinetic analysis of the O2 competition shows that actual radical concentrations in the smoke were approximately 100-fold higher than measured.
Left Ventricular Anatomical and Functional Abnormalities in Chronic Postinfarction Heart Failure
Authors: WILLIAM A. BAXLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Fifty patients with chronic postmyocardial infarction heart failure had quantitative biplane angiocardiography; 42 also had coronary angiography. Mitral regurgitation, localized ventricular contraction abnormality, increased end-diastolic volume, low ejection fraction, low cardiac index, and high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure occurred in various combinations. Mitral regurgitation averaged 2.11 liter/min per m2 body surface area and occurred most commonly with right coronary occlusion, low cardiac index or elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or both, and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes exceeding 155 ml/m2 body surface area. End-diastolic volumes were increased in 86% and ranged to 450 ml/m2 body surface area. Ejection fractions were below 0.50 in 92%. Coronary angiographic findings correlated poorly with ventricular hemodynamic values. Localized contraction abnormalities included aneurysms with up to 40 ml per stroke paradoxical blood flow. Localized contraction abnormalities were not significantly more frequent in patients with low cardiac indexes or elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, or both. High ventricular filling pressure or a low cardiac index, or both, was not commoner with multiple than with single vessel disease.
US senators propose institute to evaluate treatments similar to NICE
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two Democratic senators have introduced a bill into the Senate, to establish an institute similar to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, which decides which drugs can be prescribed in the NHS in England and Wales. It is called the Comparative Effectiveness Research Act of 2008.

Max Baucus, of Montana and chairman of the Senate finance committee, and Kent Conrad of North Dakota, chairman of the Senate budget committee, proposed an institute with participants from government, private industry, and the public to identify the most effective treatments. The Institute of Medicine, the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, …