tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Renin-Angiotensin Pathway Through Enzyme Inhibition and Specific Receptor Blockade in Pacing-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Francis G. Spinale, Rupak Mukherjee, Julie P. Iannini, Steve Whitebread, Latha Hebbar, Mark J. Clair, D. Mark Melton, Montgomery H. Cox, Patrick B. Thomas, None Marc de Gasparo
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The goal of this study was to determine the effects of ACE inhibition alone, AT 1 angiotensin (Ang) II receptor blockade alone, and combined ACEI and AT 1 Ang II receptor blockade in a model of congestive heart failure (CHF) on isolated LV myocyte function and fundamental components of the excitation-contraction coupling process. Methods and Results Pigs were randomly assigned to one of five groups: (1) rapid atrial pacing (240 bpm) for 3 weeks (n=9), (2) concomitant ACEI (benazeprilat, 0.187 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) and rapid pacing (n=9), (3) concomitant AT 1 Ang II receptor blockade (valsartan, 3 mg/kg/d) and rapid pacing (n=9), (4) concomitant ACEI and AT 1 Ang II receptor blockade (benazeprilat/valsartan, 0.05/3 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) and rapid pacing (n=9), and (5) sham controls (n=10). LV myocyte shortening velocity was reduced with chronic rapid pacing compared with control (27.2±0.6 versus 58.6±1.2 μm/s, P &lt;.05) and remained reduced with AT 1 Ang II receptor blockade and rapid pacing (28.0±0.5 μm/s, P &lt;.05). Myocyte shortening velocity increased with ACEI or combination treatment compared with rapid pacing only (36.9±0.7 and 42.3±0.8 μm/s, respectively, P &lt;.05). Myocyte β-adrenergic response was reduced by &gt;50% in both the rapid pacing group and the AT 1 Ang II blockade group and improved by 25% with ACEI and increased by 54% with combined treatment. Both L-type Ca 2+ channel density and the relative abundance of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase density were reduced with rapid pacing and returned to control levels in the combined ACEI and AT 1 Ang II blockade group. Conclusions The unique findings of this study were twofold. First, basic defects in specific components of the myocyte excitation-contraction coupling process that occur with CHF are reversible. Second, combined ACEI and AT 1 Ang II blockade may provide unique benefits on myocyte contractile processes in the setting of CHF.
Should Nurses Do Physical Examinations?
Authors: WILLIAM L. MORGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

ExcerptA partial answer to this question may be found in a recently reported study that compared abnormal physical findings detected by specially trained nurses with those identified by internists (1). Four nurses had been supervised for 3 months while doing physical examinations on the job. Each of 1,000 apparently well persons was examined first by a nurse, then by a physician. From an analysis of 16 variables (any condition that the patient considered abnormal, general appearance, skin, heart, chest and lungs, reflexes, and so forth) the authors concluded that there were few serious differences in the recorded findings. This study...
First Laser Endoscopy via a Fiberoptic Transmission System
Authors: G. Nath, W. Gorisch, P. Kiefhaber
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

For the first time it was possible to transmit a powerful laser beam (6 watt argon laser) through the biopsy channel of a conventional endoscope. This was achieved by the development of a special quartz fiberoptic transmission system, consisting of a single very flexible fiber with a diameter of 150 µ. A strong absorption effect on liver tissue was observed with the argon laser, due to selective colour absorption of hemoglobin in the green-blue spectral region. The effect on the intact liver surface was studied using different power levels and exposure times. The size of the burned areas and the depth of affected tissue can be exactly controlled by variation of both power and exposure time. After performance of a liver biopsy with the Menghini needle, arrest of hemorrhage was successful in cases with slight and more intense bleedings. Furthermore, the diameter of a diaphragmatical vein shrinked markedly after exposure to a low power beam without getting leakage.
The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD).
Authors: Carolyn J Mattingly, Glenn T Colby, John N Forrest, James L Boyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory in Salsbury Cove, Maine, USA, is developing the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), a community-supported genomic resource devoted to genes and proteins of human toxicologic significance. CTD will be the first publicly available database to a) provide annotated associations among genes, proteins, references, and toxic agents, with a focus on annotating data from aquatic and mammalian organisms; b) include nucleotide and protein sequences from diverse species; c) offer a range of analysis tools for customized comparative studies; and d) provide information to investigators on available molecular reagents. This combination of features will facilitate cross-species comparisons of toxicologically significant genes and proteins. These comparisons will promote understanding of molecular evolution, the significance of conserved sequences, the genetic basis of variable sensitivity to environmental agents, and the complex interactions between the environment and human health. CTD is currently under development, and the planned scope and functions of the database are described herein. The intent of this report is to invite community participation in the development of CTD to ensure that it will be a valuable resource for environmental health, molecular biology, and toxicology research.
Immobilized Chemokine Fields and Soluble Chemokine Gradients Cooperatively Shape Migration Patterns of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kathrin Schumann, Tim Lämmermann, Markus Bruckner, Daniel F. Legler, Julien Polleux, Joachim P. Spatz, Gerold Schuler, Reinhold Förster, Manfred B. Lutz, Lydia Sorokin, Michael Sixt
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Quantitative assessment of the compliance with a once-daily sublingual immunotherapy regimen in real life (EASY Project: Evaluation of A novel SLIT formulation during a Year)
Authors: Giovanni Passalacqua, Antonino Musarra, Silvia Pecora, Saverio Amoroso, Leonardo Antonicelli, Gianni Cadario, Mario Di Gioacchino, Carlo Lombardi, Erminia Ridolo, Guido Sacerdoti, Domenico Schiavino, Gianenrico Senna
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
The Timing of Pigmentation Lightening in Europeans
Authors: Sandra Beleza, António M. Santos, Brian McEvoy, Isabel Alves, Cláudia Martinho, Emily Cameron, Mark D. Shriver, Esteban J. Parra, Jorge Rocha
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2012)

The inverse correlation between skin pigmentation and latitude observed in human populations is thought to have been shaped by selective pressures favoring lighter skin to facilitate vitamin D synthesis in regions far from the equator. Several candidate genes for skin pigmentation have been shown to exhibit patterns of polymorphism that overlap the geospatial variation in skin color. However, little work has focused on estimating the time frame over which skin pigmentation has changed and on the intensity of selection acting on different pigmentation genes. To provide a temporal framework for the evolution of lighter pigmentation, we used forward Monte Carlo simulations coupled with a rejection sampling algorithm to estimate the time of onset of selective sweeps and selection coefficients at four genes associated with this trait in Europeans: KITLG, TYRP1, SLC24A5, and SLC45A2. Using compound haplotype systems consisting of rapidly evolving microsatellites linked to one single-nucleotide polymorphism in each gene, we estimate that the onset of the sweep shared by Europeans and East Asians at KITLG occurred approximately 30,000 years ago, after the out-of-Africa migration, whereas the selective sweeps for the European-specific alleles at TYRP1, SLC24A5, and SLC45A2 started much later, within the last 11,000–19,000 years, well after the first migrations of modern humans into Europe. We suggest that these patterns were influenced by recent increases in size of human populations, which favored the accumulation of advantageous variants at different loci.
Systemic siRNA delivery to a spontaneous pancreatic tumor model in transgenic mice by PEGylated calcium phosphate hybrid micelles
Authors: Frederico Pittella, Horacio Cabral, Yoshinori Maeda, Peng Mi, Sumiyo Watanabe, Hiroyasu Takemoto, Hyun Jin Kim, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kanjiro Miyata, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Differentiation of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in Sera of Patients with HSV Central Nervous System Infections by Type-specific Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Y. Nishimura, M. Ayabe, H. Shoji, H. Hashiguchi, Y. Eizuru, T. Kawana
Journal: Journal of Infection (2001)
Long-Term Anticoagulants for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arnold Drapkin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  We would like to comment on some aspects of the study (193:929, 1965). The treatment of control patients was not entirely comparable to that of the treated patients: (1) It appears that the control patients did not receive placebo medication, nor did they have prothrombin determinations performed regularly; (2) the control patients were examined once monthly, while the treated patients, in addition to being examined monthly, reported every one to two weeks for prothrombin determinations; (3) the physicians who treated the patients knew to which group they belonged. These differences in treatment of the two groups might have influenced the results.  We are currently conducting a long-term controlled trial with anticoagulant therapy after myocardial infarction in which control patients receive an inert (placebo) pill or capsule identical in appearance to the anticoagulant medication. Prothrombin determinations are performed with equal frequency on anticoagulant-treated and non-anticoagulant-treated patients. The
A Thyroid Incidentaloma Detected by 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Giorgio Treglia, Elisabetta Giovannini, Paoletta Mirk, Davide Di Franco, Luigi Oragano, Francesco Bertagna
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We report a case of thyroid incidentaloma detected by 18F-choline PET/CT. A 66-year-old male patient with a history of prostate cancer underwent a 18F-choline PET/CT for restaging. PET/CT revealed a focal area of increased 18F-choline uptake corresponding to a hypodense nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid. Based on PET/CT findings, the patient underwent a ultrasonography guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy which demonstrated the presence of a benign thyroid nodule.
Vimentin: A Novel Chemopreventive Target for Breast Cancer Metastasis.
Authors: J. Thaiparambil, L. Bender, E. Kline, T. Ganesh, J. Snyder, D. Liotta, A. Marcus
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Cancer metastasis is the major cause of death in nearly all tumor types; however, most treatments target the primary tumor and not the highly invasive metastatic cells. We propose to prevent cancer metastasis by precisely targeting the cancer invasion machinery. To do this we disrupt a novel target-the vimentin cytoskeleton. Vimentin is overexpressed in nearly all invasive solid tumors and is critical for cell migration. Here we show that Withania sominifera root extracts (WRE) and one of its primary constituent, Withaferin A (WFA), targets vimentin to inhibit cancer cell motility and migration while having negligible effects on viability. WFA is a steroidal natural product with 4-rings (A-D) connected to a lactone ring. We test the hypothesis that WFA is an anti-invasive compound that disrupts vimentin function with limited toxicity.Material and Methods: We employ cutting-edge live cell confocal imaging studies in combination with traditional molecular biology techniques to dissect the precise mechanism of how WRE or WFA inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion. We have employed a wounding model and Matrigel invasion assay to determine the anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties of WRE and WFA using MDAMB-231 cells. We have used GFP-vimentin to visualize the changes in vimentin dynamics. Effect of WRE and WFA on cell cycle was analyzed by Flow cytometry.Results: Our results show WFA has weak anti-proliferative activity at low concentrations but potently inhibits breast cancer migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. High resolution confocal images reveal that in WFA-treated cells, vimentin fails to invade the lamellipodia resulting in decreased cell migration. This is supported by live cell confocal imaging showing that at high doses WFA treatment depolymerizes GFP: vimentin. Furthermore, treatment with WFA results in aberrant vimentin phosphorylation, likely resulting in a net depolymerized phenotype. In order to determine if the vimentin-binding A ring of WFA is critical for its anti-invasive efficacy, we synthesized and tested A-ring modified analogs of WFA. All three analogs showed severely reduced potency in inhibiting cancer cell migration and invasion, suggesting that the A ring is critical for its anti-invasive activity.Discussion: The present study shows that WRE or WFA inhibits breast cancer cell migration at nanomolar concentrations by disrupting vimentin at concentrations that have minimal effect on proliferation. We believe its strong anti-migratory activity make this an appropriate compound as an anti-metastatic chemopreventative. Ultimately, we envision WFA can be used as a vimentin-targeting chemopreventative in high-risk metastatic patients and has the potential to be used with traditional cytotoxics. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5063.
Seasonal dynamics of chemokine receptors and CD62L in subjects with asymptomatic skin sensitization to birch and grass pollen
Authors: K. Assing, U. Bodtger, L. K. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Asymptomatic skin sensitization (AS) has been shown to be a risk factor for respiratory allergic disease. CCR4, CXCR1 and CD62L have all been assigned a role in the immunopathogenesis of allergy. Memory T‐cell expression of CCR4, CXCR1 and CD62L has not hitherto been investigated in subjects with AS. Methods: We investigated seasonal CD4 memory T‐cell expression of the chemokine receptors CCR4, CXCR1 as well as L‐selectin (CD62L) in fresh cultures derived from symptomatic atopics (SAs), subjects with AS and healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all three groups were isolated during birch and grass pollination as well as in the following winter. CD4 memory T‐cell expression of CCR4, CXCR1 and CD62L was determined by flow‐cytometry. Results: During spring and summer, a significantly increased proportion of memory T cells expressed CCR4, CXCR1 and CD62L in SAs when compared with subjects with AS and HCs. Only SAs exhibited seasonal fluctuations in numbers of CCR4, CXCR1 and CD62L positive memory T cells. Conclusion: Although clearly IgE sensitized, subjects with AS have significant diminished numbers of CCR4, CXCR1 and CD62L positive memory T cells, during pollination, when compared with SAs. In contrast to SAs, cultures derived from subjects with AS did not display seasonal variation. Our findings explain the lack of clinical symptoms, during pollination, in subjects with AS.
Detention of British citizens as hostages in the Gulf--health, psychological, and family consequences.
Authors: J A Easton, S W Turner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To describe the physical, psychological, and family consequences of the detention of British subjects as hostages in Kuwait or Iraq, or both, after the invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 and to investigate the relation between types of trauma experienced and these reactions. DESIGN--Postal questionnaire. SUBJECTS--381 respondents. RESULTS--Many health, social, and psychological sequelae were identified. Problems with present finance, accommodation, and work are important causes of distress. Many hostages coped well and gained self esteem. CONCLUSIONS--A minority of respondents require further support and treatment. Expatriates in risk areas should retain assets in their home country.
Diesel engine exhaust causes lung cancer, says WHO
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Diesel engine exhaust is carcinogenic and does cause lung cancer, the World Health Organization has confirmed.

After a week long meeting to review all the published epidemiological and scientific evidence the International Agency for Research on Cancer (AIRC), part of WHO, placed diesel engine exhaust in the group 1 category of carcinogens, alongside other agents such as tobacco smoke and asbestos.

As well as concluding that there was sufficient evidence that diesel exhaust is a cause of lung cancer, the agency also said there was limited evidence that diesel increased the risk of bladder cancer.

In 1988 the agency classified diesel engine exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), …
Prognosis in Bell's Palsy
Authors: W. B. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The blood irradiation dose for complete treatment of the disease was estimated from the nomogram in 802 patients previously treated with 1311.The mean dose was 16.6 rads, but in some patients receiving multiple treatments it was much greater, ranging up to 160 rads.The bone-marrow dose is estimated as 80% of the blood dose.Consideration of these results suggests that the risk of leukaemogenesis is slight and does not contraindicate 1311 therapy of thyrotoxicosis.Nevertheless it is important to record all cases of leukaemia occurring after 1311 therapy so that the validity of these conclusions may be examined.We acknowledge with appreciation the helpful comments of Dr.
Pressure-Flow Characteristics of Needles Suggested for Transtracheal Resuscitation
Authors: Thna P. Bougas, Charles D. Cook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

RESUSCITATION of patients with upper-airway obstruction by means of small-bore needles inserted percutaneously into the trachea has been suggested.1 , 2 A recent experience in a two-and-a-half-year-old child with severe laryngotracheitis in whom resuscitation was attempted with a No. 18 needle, with a serious delay in the establishment of an adequate airway, inspired an examination of the pressure-flow characteristics of needles that have been designed or might be used for this type of resuscitation. The results of the study are reported and briefly discussed.MethodsFlow rates through the needles were measured with a Krogh spirometer recording via a rotational transducer§ and . . .
THE ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF MINER'S NYSTAGMUS: WITH A REVIEW OF 100 CASES
Authors: F. J. Browne, J. R. Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1912)

MINER'S NYSTAGMUS.[IkcZDIA-JcU 837 4 positive results-1 infective fly to 1,260.As tsetse flies ana game are about equally numerous at Nawalia and Ngoa, and as the disease was presutmably introduced into the two localities, which are less than 70 miiles apart, about the same tinie, it appears to u-s that the only essential difference which can account for the fact that thle per- centage of infective "wild " flies at Nawalia is two and a hlalf times as great as at Ngoa is the difference in the climatic conditions.It will be seen from Tables I andII that the temperatures experienced on the Congo-Zambesi watershed during May, June, and July are very much lower than those at Nawalia from September to Marlch.It was during tlhe months named that our experiments were carried out at the two places.Finally, it nmiglht be mentioned that the percentage of infective " wild " flies cauglht in the valley was greater in the hot than in the cold season.This point is illustrated ini Table VII.TABLE VII.-Per cen tage of Glossina 7,norsitaiis founOd Infected( wL'ith TrqpII)a-tnosonia rhlodesie)nse at Nairalia (at D)itfereu t Seasom.s of the Year.
SIX BALB/c IgA MYELOMA PROTEINS THAT BIND ß-(1 → 6)-<scp>D</scp>-GALACTAN
Authors: Stuart Rudikoff, Elizabeth B. Mushinski, Michael Potter, C. P. J. Glaudemans, Michael E. Jolley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Six IgA myeloma proteins of BALB/c origin which bind antigens containing beta-(1 --> 6)-D-galactan side chains have been isolated by affinity chromatography on galactoside-BSA-Sepharose columns. Partial amino acid sequences of of the light chains to residue Cys23 and the heavy chains to reside 30 were determined on the automated sequencer. No differences were found among the six V(K) sequences. Among some 50 partial V(K) sequences that have thus far been determined these six chains are the only ones thus far identified in this subgroup; at least 25 V(K) subgroups in the mouse have been identified so far. The heavy chain partial sequences were also very closely related but two differences were found. One protein differed from the other five by having isoleucine instead of leucine at position 5, a second protein differed from the others by having an unidentified amino acid at position 19. Using the highly sensitive inhibition of hemagglutination method it was found that each of the proteins possessed a unique inidividual antigenic determinant.
Familial Nonhemolytic Jaundice with Conjugated Bilirubin in the Serum
Authors: Leon Schiff, Barbara H. Billing, Yoichi Oikawa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CONGENITAL defects in bilirubin metabolism are a relatively infrequent cause of jaundice. If neonatal jaundice is excluded, they can be divided into two groups of cases, depending on whether the increased plasma bilirubin occurs only in the free or in the free and conjugated forms. The first group comprises patients with Gilbert's disease (constitutional hepatic dysfunction), whose jaundice is relatively mild, and cases of severe nonhemolytic jaundice, which are often accompanied by neurologic damage.1 2 3 The extent of the impairment in the hepatic conjugation of bilirubin may govern the degree of icterus that develops4 and may be due to a deficiency . . .
CALR mutation, MPL mutation and triple negativity identify patients with the lowest vascular risk in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: M C Finazzi, A Carobbio, F Cervantes, I M Isola, A M Vannucchi, P Guglielmelli, A Rambaldi, G Finazzi, G Barosi, T Barbui
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Flexible feature creation: Child's play?
Authors: Gedeon Deák
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Schyns, Goldstone &amp; Thibaut's argument is evaluated from a developmental perspective. Theoretically, feature creation is not necessarily problematic; this view derives from the assumption of innate content (primitive feature sets). Alternative assumptions (e.g., Piaget's theory) are possible. Preschool children readily search for novel features in response to task demands. This is compatible with functionalist approaches, but not the rationalist ones criticized by the authors.