tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Users' guides to the medical literature. VIII. How to use clinical practice guidelines. A. Are the recommendations valid? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
Authors: R. S. Hayward
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIO</h3> You are relieved to find that the last patient in your busy primary care clinic is a previously well 48-year-old woman with acute dysuria. There has been no polydipsia, fever, or hematuria; the physical examination reveals suprapubic tenderness; and urinalysis shows pyuria but no casts. You arrange cultures and antibiotic treatment for a lower urinary tract infection. On her way out the door, your patient observes that her friend has just started taking "female hormones," and she wonders whether she should too. Her menstrual periods stopped 6 months ago and she has never had cervical, ovarian, uterine, breast, or cardiovascular problems, but her mother had a mastectomy at age 57 for postmenopausal breast cancer. You give the same general advice you have offered similar patients in the past, but suggest that the matter be discussed at greater length when she returns after completing the antibiotic treatment. Later, as
Mono/oligoclonal T and NK cells are common in chronic myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis and expand during dasatinib therapy
Authors: Anna Kreutzman, Vesa Juvonen, Veli Kairisto, Marja Ekblom, Leif Stenke, Ruth Seggewiss, Kimmo Porkka, Satu Mustjoki
Journal: Blood (2010)
Correlation among right ventricular preload, afterload and ejection fraction in mitral valve disease: Radionuclide, echocardiographic and hemodynamic evaluation
Authors: Abdulmassih S. Iskandrian, A-hamid Hakki, Jian-Fang Ren, Morris N. Kotler, Gary S. Mintz, John Ross, Sally A. Kane
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1984)
Contracts for Hospital Doctors
Authors: H. Atkins
Journal: BMJ (1970)

on proposed "New Contractual Arrangements of Medical Staff in the Hospital Service."Before this paper was produced in its final form Mr. Freeman accorded me the privi- lege of discussing its contents with me.Until I had had these discussions I could see no alternative to the creation of a sub- consultant grade and was coming to believe that it might be necessary, in order to maintain the service commitments of the National Health Service, to create this grade, however disguised, in the face of vig-
Association of Minimal Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients with Obliterative Bronchiolitis
Authors: Peter M. Hopkins, Christina L. Aboyoun, Prashant N. Chhajed, Monique A. Malouf, Marshall L. Plit, Stephen P. Rainer, Allan R. Glanville
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The clinical significance of minimal acute rejection (grade A1) in lung transplant recipients is unknown. We prospectively analyzed 1,159 transbronchial lung biopsies in 184 patients. Two hundred seventy-nine biopsies in 128 participants confirmed A1 histology at a mean postoperative day of 229 +/- 340. Sixty four of 255 surveillance A1 lesions progressed to high-grade acute rejection by 3 months of follow-up, whereas 40 developed new lymphocytic bronchiolitis. Twenty-four A1 biopsies were symptomatic, with only two cases progressing to high-grade rejection after steroid therapy. Seventy-eight of 184 patients experienced multiple (> or = 2) A1 biopsies in the first 12 months after transplant. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome developed in 68% of patients with multiple A1 lesions at a mean of 599 +/- 435 days, compared with 43% of patients with one or less A1 lesions at a mean of 819 +/- 526 (p = 0.022). Eighteen patients experienced multiple A1 biopsies after transplant in the absence of high-grade rejection episodes yet also developed earlier obliterative bronchiolitis (456 +/- 245 days, p = 0.020). We conclude that for A1 transbronchial lung biopsies, the conventional treatment of observation only is now challenged even in patients who are asymptomatic. Patients who experience multiple A1 lesions develop an earlier onset of obliterative bronchiolitis and may warrant alternative immunosuppressive strategies.
Deferoxamine treatment during pregnancy: Is it harmful?
Authors: Sylvia Titi Singer, Elliott P. Vichinsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The use of the iron chelator, Deferoxamine (DFO), in pregnant thalassemia women with iron overload has been generally avoided due to fear of its potential teratogenicity. We describe a case of a pregnant thalassemia major patient with iron overload, who received DFO throughout her second and third trimesters and gave birth to a healthy infant, who had no findings of DFO toxicity at birth and at a later follow-up. Review of the literature discloses over 40 other cases in which DFO was given in various periods of gestation without evidence of teratogenic effect. Sufficient documentation exists, therefore, to suggest that DFO can be considered for use in cases of pregnant women who need iron chelation treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 60:24–26, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: IRVIN ABELL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The most important single factor in the clinical consideration of acute intestinal obstruction is the element of time; a second one of great moment is offered by the site and character of the obstruction, whether high or low, the former pursuing a more rapidly fatal course than the latter. The precise significance of these two factors becomes apparent with a full realization of the sequence of events common to all types of acute intestinal obstruction; namely, mechanical obstruction of the intestine with stoppage of the fecal current, damage to the bowel wall with ultimate gangrene and peritonitis, and an associated production of toxins often of the most virulent type. The high mortality that has obtained and still obtains in the treatment of intestinal obstruction is a serious indictment of both diagnostic ability and surgical initiative. A study of accumulated statistics reveals what is common knowledge, to wit, that, while acute
Tackling deprivation is a national priority in Wales, says chief medical officer
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The gap between the most and least healthy regions in Wales is widening in terms of mortality from some diseases, says Tony Jewell, chief medical officer for Wales, in his annual report.

The gap in cancer mortality, for example, has widened from a difference of 62 deaths per 100 000 people in 2001 to 78 per 100 000 in 2006.

The all cause, all age death rate among women is higher in Wales than in the United Kingdom as a whole and the European Union, and the gap in women’s mortality between local authority areas is widening. “A 13 mile journey between Abertillery and Abergavenny should not mean a potential life expectancy difference of four …
The Influence of Pyridoxine in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Ellis R Levin, Thomas A Hanscom, Mark Fisher, Walter A Lauvstad, Alec Lui, Ann Ryan, David Glockner, Seymour R Levin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

To determine the role of pyridoxine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 18 symptomatic diabetic patients were treated with vitamin B6 or placebo in a double-blind controlled study. Only one patient had a low plasma pyridoxal phosphate level at the start of the study. After 4 mo of treatment with pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg three times daily) 6 of 9 pyridoxine-treated and 4 of 9 placebo-treated patients noted significant relief from their neuropathic symptoms. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to fasting plasma glucose, motor nerve conduction velocity, or ophthalmologic examination at the beginning or at the conclusion of the study. Our results suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency is not a factor in the etiology of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy with high dose vitamin B6 or placebo results in a similar frequency of symptomatic improvement.
Setting up a drip.
Authors: D Phelan, M MacEvilly
Journal: BMJ (1980)

poststerilisation syndrome,"9 which I believe does exist.A combined approach by gynaecologists and general practitioners is likely to be most fruitful.The analysis of consulting patterns and referrals for gynaecological complaints in sterilised women, both before and after operation, and in controls is currently being explored in this practice.
Sex Differences in Quality of Health Care Related to Ischemic Heart Disease Prevention in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Assiamira Ferrara, David F. Williamson, Andrew J. Karter, Theodore J. Thompson, Catherine Kim
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Diabetes is a greater risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women than in men (1,2). In the U.S., IHD-related mortality has declined among men with and without diabetes (3). Among women, a decrease in IHD-related mortality has been observed only for those without diabetes (3). This difference may be attributable to biological (4) and behavioral factors (5) or possibly differences in the quality of health care received (3). We investigated whether there were differences between men and women regarding the quality of health care related to IHD prevention in a population-based cohort of patients with diabetes, aged 20–80 years and sampled from 10 managed care health plans and 68 provider groups in the U.S. (6).

Participants were surveyed using a standardized computer-assisted telephone interview or self-administered written instrument. Of contacted eligible people, 91% responded to the survey. We examined data from the participants for whom medical records were available to document diabetes care. Interrater reliability (κ) for the main quality measures derived from medical record data ranged from 0.85 to 0.92. The quality of diabetes care related to IHD prevention received by patients during a 12-month period was measured by the frequency of selected process of care measurements: 1 ) current use of …
Gain of Chromosome Arm 17q and Adverse Outcome in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: N Bown, S Cotterill, M Lastowska, S O'Neill, A D Pearson, D Plantaz, M Meddeb, G Danglot, C Brinkschmidt, H Christiansen, G Laureys, F Speleman, J Nicholson, A Bernheim, D R Betts, J Vandesompele, N Van Roy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Gain of genetic material from chromosome arm 17q (gain of segment 17q21–qter) is the most frequent cytogenetic abnormality of neuroblastoma cells. This gain has been associated with advanced disease, patients who are ≥1 year old, deletion of chromosome arm 1p, and amplification of the N-myc oncogene, all of which predict an adverse outcome. We investigated these associations and evaluated the prognostic importance of the status of chromosome 17.
Tissue-engineered bone formation using periosteal-derived cells and polydioxanone/pluronic F127 scaffold with pre-seeded adipose tissue-derived CD146 positive endothelial-like cells
Authors: Jin-Ho Lee, Jin-Hyun Kim, Se-Heang Oh, Sang-June Kim, Young-Sool Hah, Bong-Wook Park, Deok Ryong Kim, Gyu-Jin Rho, Geun-Ho Maeng, Ryoung-Hoon Jeon, Hee-Chun Lee, Jong-Ryoul Kim, Gyoo-Cheon Kim, Uk-Kyu Kim, June-Ho Byun
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
The effect of paired atrial pacing on left atrial and ventricular performance in the dog
Authors: D. A. Chamberlain, R. C. Leinbach, C. A. Sanders
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Paired atrial pacing in anaesthetized open-chest dogs increased the force of atrial contraction. In preparations in which the vagi had been cut, and propranolol administered or upper thoracic sympathectomy performed, paired atrial pacing resulted in augmentation of ventricular performance with increased cardiac output and raised systemic arterial pressure.
Two dimensional view of combination chemotherapy in vitro
Authors: Hans W. Grünwald, Fred Rosner, Yashar Hirshaut
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract A newly developed micromethod to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of drugs on rapidly growing lymphoid cell lines is described, which permits evaluation of more than one variable. This technique allows a checkerboard titration of two drugs to determine the optimum concentration of each needed for the augmentation of the other's cell‐killing activity. Such studies have shown that the minimum concentration of vincristine capable of killing a human lymphoid cell population is 5.6 ng/ml. The addition of prednisolone at a concentration of 460 ng/ml reduces the minimum lethal concentration of vincristine to 1.6 ng/ml. When prednisolone is added to vincristine at concentrations of 2.8 μ/ml (a level readily achieved in the serum in vivo) concentrations of vincristine as low as 200 pg/ml are clearly cytotoxic. Similar potentiation of cytotoxicity following the addition of prednisolone has been demonstrated for cytosine arabinoside, but not for daunorubicin and only slightly for methotrexate. The micromethod for the study of optimal doses to be used in drug combinations is simple and gives highly reproducible results. It should be of considerable utility to anyone interested in screening a wide variety of drug concentrations for augmentation or synergistic effects.
Battle Station Sick Bay: Navy Medicine in World War II
Authors: Hans A. Brings
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Jan K. Herman has performed a valuable service to the nation in gathering numerous first-person accounts by veterans of their experiences in Navy medicine during World War II. These nurses, doctors, corpsmen, and others associated with Navy medicine are now aged, many deceased. Without Mr Herman's efforts, many of these narratives would have been lost forever. Herman has been historian of the Navy Medical Department since 1980 and edits its journal<i>Navy Medicine</i>, where some of these stories first appeared. He is also the curator of the old US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, where the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery is headquartered. In the preface, Herman tells how in 1985 he heard the story of a young Navy pharmacist's mate, as enlisted corpsmen were called during WWII, who, in the absence of a qualified surgeon, performed an appendectomy using make-shift instruments aboard a submarine in the Pacific.
FDG-PET Is Useful in Staging and Follow-up of Primary Uterine Cervical Lymphoma
Authors: Gonca G. Bural, Sankaran Shriaknthan, Mohamed Houseni, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 35-year old woman presented with vaginal bleeding. She had a normal gynecologic examination and Papanicolaou test. A CT scan of the pelvis showed a cervical mass, which on biopsy proved to be B-cell lymphoma. PET before preoperative staging demonstrated a large area of increased FDG uptake in the pelvis, corresponding to the mass seen on the CT scan. There were no other abnormal F-18 FDG avid sites. The patient received chemotherapy followed by total abdominal hysterectomy. Histopathology was consistent with large B-cell lymphoma of the uterine cervix. Posttherapy CT scan and PET scan showed no evidence of active and or residual disease.
Peter Thomas Fallon Wifrid Peter Greening Donald Ian Robertson Lewis Arthur Scott-White William Pow Thomson Eric Trimmer Lysabeth ("Betty") Rosemary Vaughan Jones (nee Hurwich) Edward Geoffrey Wade James Watt Frederick Conon Williams
Authors: P McEvoy, V Cavanagh, J A. McKinna, J R Jenner, N. Cardoe, J. Beviss, R. Finlay, N. C Gray, M. Ahmad, D. Hurwich, S. Oleesky, D M Fleming, D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1999)

General practitioner Derry, Northern Ire land, 1949-96 (b 1926; q Queen's University, Belfast 1948; FRCGP), died from melanoma on 25 April 1999. Peter retired most reluctandy at the age of 70, having embraced the challenges of general practice with enthusiasm and style. His response to the social deprivation of his native city was the subtext of his life as he believed in social jus tice and fair play. He was instrumental in founding child welfare societies on both sides of the Irish border and initiated vocational training schemes in Derry and Donegal. His was the first teaching and training practice in the area, he was provost of the Northern Ireland faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners in 1985, and served for many years on the Council for Postgraduate Medical Education. Peter had a hospital appointment in ophthalmol ogy and vast experience in obstetrics. At a recent gathering of five GPs, four had been delivered by him. He was a keen sailor, pho tographer, and an acclaimed after dinner speaker with an impish sense of humour. He was aJP and a member of the Northern Ire land Community Relations Commission. His crowded funeral mass was attended by five bishops from both communities. He leaves a wife, Joan; two sons; and two daugh ters. [P McEvoy, V Cavanagh]
Stopping lithium prophylaxis.
Authors: J Merry
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<b>101</b> <h3><b>Objectives</b></h3> In this work, we experimentally evaluate a prototype PET imaging setup, based on HPWF CdTe and CZT detectors, for ultrahigh resolution imaging of a mouse brain. The HPWF CdTe or CZT detectors utilize a simplified anode ASIC to readout the anode pixels to provide the X-Y address of gamma interactions, and uses digital waveform sampling circuitry to read the cathode waveform for deriving the energy, timing and (depth-of interaction) DOI. This offers advantages over typical CZT/CdTe pixel detectors for PET, including a) improved timing resolution over anode triggered pixelated detectors, b) improved energy resolution as the cathode signal is immune to charge sharing and loss from small pixels, c) simplified anode pixel readout circuitry for smaller pixels (100-200um), and d) excellent DOI resolution. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> The PET setup consists of two HPWF CdTe detectors operated in coincidence around a rotary stage on top of a 3-D translation stage. Each HPWF detector has a 2mm x 2.2 cm x 1.1 cm CdTe crystal. The crystal has 2048 anode pixels, arranged in 64 x 32 array and each pixel is 350 µm x 350 µm, read out by a CMOS readout ASIC [1]. The cathode of the detectors is read with commercial waveform sampling circuitry (Gage CSE1242) for determining event energy, triggering, and DOI position. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> We have shown the energy (~5%), timing, and the spatial resolution of our setup. We have reconstructed point-source images that consist of 250 µm spherical sources spaced by 300 µm, and increasing by steps of 50 µm to 450 µm. Reconstructions without DOI, with DOI, and with both DOI and positron range correction are compared. We will further perform PET imaging of a mouse brain phantom and compare the results with images from a Siemens Inveon MicroPET. These results will be presented. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> Our results have shown that HPWF detectors could offer excellent energy, timing and 3-D spatial resolution, which could lead to an ultra-high (potentially sub-300 µm) intrinsic resolution for mouse PET imaging.
Positive Direct Coombs' Tests Associated With Cephaloridine Therapy
Authors: Robert J. Fass
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Six (8%) of 75 patients treated with cephaloridine developed a positive direct Coombs' test (DCT). Five of the six were receiving the maximum dose used (4 gm/day) and all were older than the age of 47 years. Positivity was most related to duration of therapy and total dose of drug administered. It was unrelated to serum concentrations of cephaloridine or to hypoalbuminemia and occurred in patients with normal renal function. The incidence of Coombs' positivity with cephaloridine was lower than that previously reported with cephalothin sodium but was likewise unassociated with hemolysis.
Solo Practice: A Woman Surgeon's Story
Authors: Sylvia Ramos-Burch
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In her book,<i>Solo Practice: A Woman Surgeon's Story</i>, Elizabeth Morgan relates her experiences during her first year in private practice as a plastic surgeon in Washington, DC. It follows<i>The Making of a Woman Surgeon</i>, in which she recounted events occurring during her years in general and plastic surgery training. The present book is written in a simple, chatty, first-person narrative style. It is full of anecdotes about Dr Morgan's colleagues and patients. (Names have been changed, of course.) There is an assortment of picturesque and even comical characters, among others, Fred, the copierfixer turned physician's office organizer; Ray Patterson, a Vietnam veteran who wants to be made to look like John Lennon; Phil, the cocainesnorting, limousine-chauffeured plastic surgeon; and Commander Rowe, who used his consultation visit to rearrange Morgan's diplomas and prints with the aid of a pocket knife and hammering shoe. Many of the stories are entertaining
Oxygen desaturation following voluntary hyperventilation in normal subjects.
Authors: M Ohi, K Chin, M Hirai, T Kuriyama, M Fukui, Y Sagawa, K Kuno
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To investigate the severity of oxygen desaturation following voluntary hyperventilation (VHV) in normal subjects and its possible relation to chemoresponsiveness, we examined respiration following VHV in 16 normal male subjects. Monitoring was performed according to the standard polysomnography protocol including measurements of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2). The subjects hyperventilated voluntarily for 3 min, and were then observed for more than 15 min. They hyperventilated again for another 3 min, and were followed again for more than 15 min. Eleven subjects fell into non-REM sleep after VHV, and their mean lowest SaO2 was 67.6 +/- 13.0% (n = 15 trials in 11 subjects, mean +/- SD). Falling asleep during hypocapnia caused desaturation, and periodic breathing was invariably observed soon after. The difference between the PtcCO2 during non-REM sleep with stable breathing and the PtcCO2 when the SaO2 was 90% following VHV was defined as the delta PtcCO2 (90). The delta PtcCO2 (90) and hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) were positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.73, p < 0.01). While the subjects were awake, the mean lowest SaO2 was 73.5 +/- 17.4% (17 trials in 12 subjects). Remaining awake induced oxygen desaturation in some subjects but not in others. In one subject, desaturation during the waking state was caused by hypoventilation, not by central apnea. In the seven subjects whose respiration following VHV was monitored during the waking state in one trial and during the sleeping state in another trial, plots of the PtcCO2-SaO2 relationship for the waking state were generally positioned above those made for the sleeping state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Doctor-Patient Relationship Revisited
Authors: Herbert M. Adler, Van Buren O. Hammett
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

An overview of prescientific medicine, evolution, and individual human development is presented in an attempt to discover the generic factors operating in all interpersonal therapies. We hypothesize that the placebo effect rests on the universal human need for a group and, by symbolic extension, a system.
NEURASTHENIA: SOME POINTS IN ITS PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT.
Authors: G. W. McCASKEY
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The comparatively sudden recognition, through the work of Dr. Beard, about a quarter of a century ago, of the morbid state since known as neurasthenia, forms one of the curious chapters in the history of medicine. While there is ample proof and ample<i>a priori</i>grounds for believing that there has been a tremendous increase of the condition in recent times, it is also equally certain that it is older than the history of medicine. We find the familiar syndrome of insomnia, nervous anxiety, disturbance of vision, ringing in the ears, vertigo, and difficult breathing described by Hippocrates.<sup>1</sup>Passing over the intervening centuries, and simply noting a few suggestive titles in literature, we find one of Robert Whytt's, in the middle of the eighteenth century—"Observations on the Nature, Causes and Cure of those Disorders which have been Commonly Called Nervous, Hypochondriac, or Hysteric; to which are Prefixed some Remarks