tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortal Choices: Ethical Dilemmas in Modern Medicine
Authors: Joe Sample
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The author's credentials, professor of bioethics in the Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, reflect the rapid transformation that has occurred in the previously static field of medical ethics. There is now a well-defined need for people who can address ethical dilemmas in modern medicine in the acute-care setting. The explosion of new technology has brought ethical concerns to health-care professionals as individuals and society as a whole that could not have been even imagined a few short years ago. The author is trained as a philosopher, and one would expect a certain studied reflective style in this work, but such is not the case. This is not a ponderous, didactic discourse on abstract ethics. From her experience as a member of a working institutional ethical review committee, she has been able to convey the urgency, ambiguity, and frustration that come with tackling ethical
Salicylate of Soda in Tonsillitis and as a Local Application in Gout
Authors: E. Mackey
Journal: BMJ (1882)

IrOct. 14,I882.could be seen blood discs, epithelium, and numerous small single and double bright refracting bodies.With a more powerful eyepiece, movement could be made out in the field.Next day the rabbit did not eat quite so well as usual, but did not refuse food; on the 23rd she was apparently all right.On the 27th she gave birth to a litter of five; on April 8th she weighed 3 lbs.II ozs.; May 30th, 3 lbs.i iS' ozs., when with the others she was removed from the hutch and allowed to burrow in the garden.June 25th, she weighed 4 lbs.3 Ozs., after which she had another litter of, I think, six.On iith August she was quite well.Experiment 2.-A doe, weighing 41bS 2Y2 ounces, was injected with fifty minims of the same fluid, and at the same time as the last rabbit.She did not appear to be disturbed in any way, ten days later weighing 4 lbs. 2 OZS.On April 7th she had slight diarrhcea, on the 8th she weighed 4 lbs.2Y2 OZS. ; on May 30th, 3 lbs. 7ozs.For about a fort- night at this time we had very hot, sultry weather, and the rabbits were then in a small hutch only open in the front, and in a back verandah opening into a closed court admitting sun but no breeze.Two other rabbits looked out of condition at the same time, one of these being unaffected.I then removed the hutch to the garden, and allowed the rabbits to run at large and burrow, when the health of all improved.On June 25th she weighed 4 lbs.io ozs., and on July gth gave birth to a litter of six.On August iith she was quite well.Four rabbits were injected with fluid collected from Mrs. T., a primipara, who had a tedious labour, was delivered on May 26th, 1882, with short forceps, and had a slight tear of the perineum into which two superficial carbolised silk stitches were introduced, though some might haue considered these unnecessary.Healing took place by first intention.On the second evening, the mouth temperature was 99°, third morning, 99.20; evening, 99.8°; fourth morning, 99.20; evening, 98.60.No odour was perceptible in the napkins at any time, and convalescence was good.Experiments 3 antd 4.-Sixty.fiveminims of fluid collected seventy- three hours after delivery from Mrs. T. were injected into these ani.mals three-quarters of an hour after collection.The fluid was red, odourless, and exhibited under a quarter inch objective, a few epithe- lial cells, blood discs, grandular matter looking like oil globules, and no moving particles were visible.These rabbits seemed in no way in- fluenced by the operation.One weighed, on May 29th, 3 lbs.8 ozs., and on June 2Ist gave birth to a litter of four, and on the 25th weighed 3 lbs.I5 oz.; while the other weighed 3 lbs.14 Ozs. on May 29th, on June 25th, 4 lbs.io ozs.; and gave birth to a litter of six on July 6th.On August iith they were both well.Experiments 5 and 6.-On Miay 30th, I882, sixty-five minims of fluid, collected ninety-five hours after confinement from Mrs. T., were injected into these two animals an hour after collection.The fluid
Peritoneoscopy as an Aid in Intravenous Injection of Indocyanine Green (ICG)
Authors: M. Watanabe, H. Hirakawa, S. Ikeda, Y. Umekawa, Y. Takatori, Y. Morita, K. Ueki, T. Matsura, K. Ohgi, K. Nishimura, S. Fukumoto, Y. Shimada
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Peritoneoscopy as an aid in intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) was clinically evaluated. Hepatic parenchyma was stained after intravenous injection of ICG, while interstitial connective tissue, fatty deposition and hepatoma tissue were not. Regenerative hepatic cell mass including dark reddish patchy marking (Shimada's code No. 7) and semispherical areas of regeneration or nodules (Shimada's code No. 8) was well stained and clearly contrasted. There were some cases of chronic active hepatitis, in which liver surface showed spotty staining at sites expected to become regenerative nodules in the future, in contrast to being judged as "no abnormal findings" peritoneoscopically. On the other hand, periportal reddish marking (Shimada's code No. 4) representing piecemeal or bridging hepatic cell necrosis was not stained.
Miniature peak-flow meters.
Authors: B M Wright
Journal: BMJ (1979)

hypnotised and trained in autohypnosis to avert an attack.This can be perfected so that it is effective in a fraction of the time for chemotherapy, without any side effects, without any need for "sleeping away" the illness, and without the incapacity.Hypnosis is more time consuming than writing a prescription, but far less so than most physicians realise; and it has the added merit of permanent remission in appreciable numbers of sufferers.
FRACTURE OF THE METCARPAL BONES, AND OBLIQUE FRACTURE, SIMPLE OR COMPOUND, OF THE FOREARM.
Authors: W. W. GRANT
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The functional results in the treatment of fractures are, in the main, so good that we can not hope for much better, without material improvement in the methods of treatment. The time has come when we must give more thought and consideration to anatomic results and appearances, regardless of the excellent results in useful limbs obtained by present methods. The<i>x</i>-ray has demonstrated this necessity, which overrides the argument of mere utility. Though the skiagraph may exaggerate and distort, yet, in honest and capable hands, it gives a fair illustration of the position of the fragments and with the aid of the fluoroscope, no serious mistake need be made. More accurate adjustment and coaptation of fragments is a manifest necessity, not only for the patient himself, but in a medicolegal sense to the surgeon. This is specially true in the treatment of oblique fractures of the long bones, and
The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science
Authors: Nicholas Evans, Stephen C. Levinson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Talk of linguistic universals has given cognitive scientists the impression that languages are all built to a common pattern. In fact, there are vanishingly few universals of language in the direct sense that all languages exhibit them. Instead, diversity can be found at almost every level of linguistic organization. This fundamentally changes the object of enquiry from a cognitive science perspective. This target article summarizes decades of cross-linguistic work by typologists and descriptive linguists, showing just how few and unprofound the universal characteristics of language are, once we honestly confront the diversity offered to us by the world's 6,000 to 8,000 languages. After surveying the various uses of “universal,” we illustrate the ways languages vary radically in sound, meaning, and syntactic organization, and then we examine in more detail the core grammatical machinery of recursion, constituency, and grammatical relations. Although there are significant recurrent patterns in organization, these are better explained as stable engineering solutions satisfying multiple design constraints, reflecting both cultural-historical factors and the constraints of human cognition. Linguistic diversity then becomes the crucial datum for cognitive science: we are the only species with a communication system that is fundamentally variable at all levels. Recognizing the true extent of structural diversity in human language opens up exciting new research directions for cognitive scientists, offering thousands of different natural experiments given by different languages, with new opportunities for dialogue with biological paradigms concerned with change and diversity, and confronting us with the extraordinary plasticity of the highest human skills.
The cricopharyngeal sphincter in gastric reflux
Authors: P. S. Hunt, A. M. Connell, T. B. Smiley
Journal: Gut (1970)

This study was prompted by a clinical association noted between reflux oesophagitis and upper oesophageal disorders. Patients with reflux oesophagitis have been shown to have a significantly raised resting cricopharyngeal pressure. Patients with reflux oesophagitis (36%) complaining of dysphagia localized to the throat also had a high resting cricopharyngeal pressure. Successful repair of a hiatus hernia restored the cricopharyngeal pressure to within the normal range. Four of the five patients studied who had a pharyngeal pouch also had a raised cricopharyngeal pressure.
Surface markers of complement receptor lymphocytes.
Authors: G D Ross, R J Winchester, E M Rabellino, T Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Normal blood lymphocytes bearing complement receptors (CRL) were divided into two populations, one expressing both CR1 (C4b-C3b receptor) and CR2 (C3d receptor) and a second expressing only CR1. Nearly all of the population that expressed both CR1 and CR2 also bore membrane surface immunoglobulins (Ig) and Ia antigens. The majority of cells that had only CR1 lacked detectable surface Ig. These Ig- CR1+ CR2- cells could be distinguished from the majority of monocytes and immature granulocytes, in that the latter ingested latex particles and expressed CR2 as well as CR1. The Ig- CR1+ cells were further subdivided into an Ia-bearing subpopulation and another that lacked Ia. Among the Ig- Ia- CR1+ cells, one third formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes while all of the remaining CRL were erythrocyte-rosette negative. Essentially all CRL in normal blood had IgG Fc receptors, but a qualitative heterogeneity in the Fc receptors of Ia+ CRL vs. Ia- CRL was observed in their binding of different immune complex systems.
Mutations in KCNH1 and ATP6V1B2 cause Zimmermann-Laband syndrome
Authors: Fanny Kortüm, Viviana Caputo, Christiane K Bauer, Lorenzo Stella, Andrea Ciolfi, Malik Alawi, Gianfranco Bocchinfuso, Elisabetta Flex, Stefano Paolacci, Maria Lisa Dentici, Paola Grammatico, Georg Christoph Korenke, Vincenzo Leuzzi, David Mowat, Lal D V Nair, Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen, Patrick Thierry, Susan M White, Bruno Dallapiccola, Antonio Pizzuti, Philippe M Campeau, Marco Tartaglia, Kerstin Kutsche
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
GP accused of "pushing religion" on patient opts for full GMC hearing
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Substantial losses suffered by several multibillion dollar fixedincome hedge funds have brought attention to risks involved in what was advertised as a leveraged municipal bond arbitrage strategy. Brokerage firms marketed these hedge funds to investors as higher-yielding alternatives to conventional municipal bond portfolios with little, if any, additional risk. In this article, the authors explain what the strategy really was, why it was not an arbitrage, and why it failed. Sponsors of these hedge funds portrayed the failures as the result of unprecedented and unforeseeable market events operating on a fundamentally sound strategy. In contrast, the authors show the funds failed because of the confluence of flaws in the strategy:ineffective hedges, high leverage, poor incentives created by management fees, and leverage limits based on portfolio acquisition costs (not market values), and the mis measurement of within horizon risk, which differentiates strategies operated on proprietary trading desks and in retail hedge funds. Fundamentally, the strategy was simply a highly leveraged bet on the value of short call options, interest rates, and liquidity and credit risk. Events in late 2007 and early 2008 revealed the fundamental flaws in this hedge fund type that is now effectively extinct. <b>TOPICS:</b>Real assets/alternative investments/private equity, fixed income and structured finance, derivatives, risk management
Association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations With Survival, Chemotherapy Sensitivity, and Gene Mutator Phenotype in Patients With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Da Yang, Sofia Khan, Yan Sun, Kenneth Hess, Ilya Shmulevich, Anil K. Sood, Wei Zhang
Journal: JAMA (2011)

<h3>Context</h3>Attempts to determine the clinical significance of BRCA1/2 mutations in ovarian cancer have produced conflicting results.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine the relationships between BRCA1/2 deficiency (ie, mutation and promoter hypermethylation) and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), chemotherapy response, and whole-exome mutation rate in ovarian cancer.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>Observational study of multidimensional genomics and clinical data on 316 high-grade serous ovarian cancer cases that were made public between 2009 and 2010 via The Cancer Genome Atlas project.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>OS and PFS rates (primary outcomes) and chemotherapy response (secondary outcome).<h3>Results</h3>BRCA2 mutations (29 cases) were associated with significantly better OS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.69; P = .003 and 5-year OS, 61% for BRCA2-mutated vs 25% for BRCA wild-type cases) and PFS (adjusted HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.74; P = .004 and 3-year PFS, 44% for BRCA2-mutated vs 16% for BRCA wild-type cases), whereas neither BRCA1 mutations (37 cases) nor BRCA1 methylation (33 cases) was associated with prognosis. Moreover, BRCA2 mutations were associated with a significantly higher primary chemotherapy sensitivity rate (100% for BRCA2-mutated vs 82% [P = .02] and 80% [P = .05] for BRCA wild-type and BRCA1-mutated cases, respectively) and longer platinum-free duration (median platinum-free duration, 18.0 months for BRCA2-mutated vs 11.7 [P = .02] and 12.5 [P = .04] months for BRCA wild-type and BRCA1-mutated cases, respectively). BRCA2-mutated, but not BRCA1-mutated cases, exhibited a “mutator phenotype” by containing significantly more mutations than BRCA wild-type cases across the whole exome (median mutation number per sample, 84 for BRCA2-mutated vs 52 for BRCA wild-type cases, false discovery rate &lt;0.1).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Among women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer, BRCA2 mutation, but not BRCA1 deficiency, was associated with improved survival, improved chemotherapy response, and genome instability compared with BRCA wild-type.
Confidentiality of Medical Information After Death
Authors: Robert M. Sade
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is There a Need for Routine Preoperative Laboratory Tests?
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We have identified at least 35 reasons why physicians order laboratory tests. 1 Many of them are applicable in explaining why the vast majority of hospitals and physicians in this country perform routine preoperative laboratory tests. These reasons include the following: screening, peer pressure, personal reassurance, ease of performance with ready availability, hospital policy, medical-legal need, documentation, hospital profit, curiosity, insecurity, habit, and to establish a baseline.  Elsewhere in this issue, Kaplan and colleagues from San Francisco 2 report on a major, comprehensive, retrospective study of preoperative laboratory tests performed on patients admitted to their teaching hospital for elective surgery. They demonstrate that in those patients for whom there were no clinical indications for such tests, the likelihood of finding any abnormality that might influence perioperative management was extremely small. Furthermore, what few abnormalities were found were not even mentioned in the progress notes or discharge summaries and seemed to have
Results of Total Surgical Correction for Fallot's Tetralogy
Authors: NORMAN E. SHUMWAY, RICHARD R. LOWER, EDWARD J. HURLEY, R. CREE PILLSBURY
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Forty-four consecutive patients have been operated upon for total correction of Fallot's anomaly since the opening of the Stanford Medical Center. There were no hospital or operative deaths. The combination of uniformly reversible cardiac arrest, meticulous placement of sutures for closure of the ventricular septal defect, and a flexible plan for enlarging the outflow tract has markedly reduced the operative risk for total surgical correction of Fallot's tetralogy.
Tuberculosis Among Indian Immigrants to a Midland Industrial Area
Authors: J. Aspin
Journal: BMJ (1962)

TUBERCULOSIS IN PAKISTANISeach year.If immigration continues at the present rate 800-1,000 new cases of tuberculosis in immigrants from Asia can be expected annually.The experience in Bradford endorses the recom- mendations of the Tuberculosis and Diseases of the Chest Group Committee.Furthermore, the committee advocates that all immigrants, whether from the Commonwealth or not, should have an x-ray examina- tion of the chest at the point of arrival in the United Kingdom.The success of the anti-tuberculosis programmes towards the eradication of tuberculosis is not an achievement which should be regarded lightly and is one that we should endeavour to maintain. SummaryTuberculosis in Pakistanis is 30 times more common than in the British population.Of the Pakistanis with tuberculosis, 33 % are diagnosed within 12) months of immigration and between 40 and 50 % have abnormal x-ray piwWrft at the time of immigration.Of the Pakistanis with tubercujg,, 50% develop the disease in this country.The recommendation of the Tiueroulksis and Diseases of the Chest Group of the British Medical Association is strongly endorsed-namely, that all immigrants should have an x-ray examination of the chest at the port of entry into the United Kingdom.I thank Dr. D. M.
Comparison of dose‐response effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and budesonide in the management of asthma
Authors: J. Boe, L. Rosenhall, M. Alton, L‐G. Carlsson, U. Carlsson, B‐A. Hermansson, L. Hetta, J. Kiviloog, B. W. Karlson, B. Lundbäck, J‐E. Martinsson, K. Nemcek, V. Nemcek
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The dose‐response effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide (BUD) administered b.i.d. with the aid of metered dose aerosols were studied in 128 patients (67 men and 61 women, mean age 53 years) suffering from asthma bronchiale. The study was designed as a multi‐centre, double‐blind, four‐period cross‐over study, followed by a single‐blind double placebo period. BDP was administered in doses of 400 and 1000 μg, and BUD in doses of 400 and 800 μg. The results in terms of peak expiratory flow (PEF) in the morning and evening, daily symptoms score and use of inhaled β 2 ‐agonists did not reveal any clinically significant differences between the drugs or between high (800 μg BUD, 1000 μg BDP) and low (400 mg BUD/BDP) doses. However, statistically significant differences were recorded for the corresponding parameters when comparing the placebo with preceding steroid periods. Adverse effects consisting mainly of oropharyngeal candidiasis, hoarseness and cough occurred in 54 of 468 treatment months (12 %). The carry‐over effects of inhaled steroids are longer lasting than was previously assumed.
SCD-HEFT: NON-SUSTAINED VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA ON BASELINE HOLTER MONITOR ASSOCIATION WITH OVERALL MORTALITY
Authors: Hans Joseph Moore, Ross D. Fletcher, Mason D. Platt, Robin Boineau, Jill Anderson, George Johnson, Anne Hellkamp, Per Reinhall, Jeanne E. Poole, Daniel B. Mark, Kerry L. Lee, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 3539: Anti-CSF-1R antibodies reduce tumor-associated macrophages and inhibit tumor growth in preclinical models
Authors: Jacqueline Doody, Sneha Mathew, Lan Wu, Yanxia Li, Ying Wang, Kris Persaud, Douglas Burtrum, Paul Balderes, David Surguladze, John Haurum, Dale Ludwig
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In cancer, increased infiltration of macrophages within and surrounding the tumor mass correlates with increased tumor invasiveness and growth. In addition, presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, particularly in breast, prostate, ovarian and cervical cancer. TAM proliferation, differentiation and survival is dependent on Colony Stimulating Factor - 1 Receptor (CSF-1R) activation, a type III integral membrane tyrosine kinase receptor selectively expressed on cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage. Given that TAMs enhance tumor growth and that activation of the CSF-1R pathway is required for TAM function, an antibody against mouse CSF-1R was generated for proof-of-principle studies. CS7, a monoclonal anti-mouse CSF-1R antibody inhibited both CSF-1 and IL-34 binding to mouse CSF-1R, leading to inactivation of the receptor and downstream signaling molecules. In addition, CS7 prevented monocyte proliferation and macrophage differentiation with IC50s of 0.1 nM and 0.75 nM, respectively. In murine models of breast cancer using CSF-1-secreting MDA-MB-231, Hcc1954, 4T1 or EMT6 tumor cells, CS7 treatment led to a marked reduction in TAMs and an associated decrease in tumor growth. In contrast, breast tumor xenografts with CSF-1 non-secreting breast tumor cell lines JimT1 and MCF-7 had limited or no decrease in tumor volume following CS7 treatment. In prostate models, DU145 tumor cell line xenografts (CSF-1-secreting) but not PC3 (CSF-1 non-secreting) tumor growth was inhibited by CS7, recaptitulating the results seen with breast xenografts. Thus, in breast and prostate preclinical models, CSF-1 secretion by tumor cells is a prerequisite for sensitivity to anti-CSF-1R treatment. Taken together, targeting CSF-1R with a monoclonal antibody inhibits CSF-1R signaling via CSF-1 and IL-34, prevents monocytic to macrophage differentiation, and reduces tumor volume in preclinical models, validating CSF-1R as a target for therapeutic application in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3539. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3539