tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intrahepatic gene expression profiles and alpha-smooth muscle actin patterns in hepatitis C virus induced fibrosis
Authors: Daryl T.-Y. Lau, Bruce A. Luxon, Shu-Yuan Xiao, Michael R. Beard, Stanley M. Lemon
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

To gain insight into pathogenic mechanisms underlying fibrosis in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-mediated liver injury, we compared intrahepatic gene expression profiles in HCV-infected patients at different stages of fibrosis and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) staining patterns. We studied 21 liver biopsy specimens: 5 had no fibrosis (Ludwig-Batts stage 0); 10 had early portal or periportal fibrosis (stages 1 and 2); and 6, advanced fibrosis (stages 3 and 4). None of the patients had hepatocellular carcinoma. Transcriptional profiles were determined by high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. ANOVA identified 157 genes for which transcript abundance was associated with fibrosis stage. These defined three distinct hierarchical clusters of patients. Patients with predominantly stage 0 fibrosis had increased abundance of mRNAs linked to glycolipid metabolism. PDGF, a potent stellate cell mitogen, was also increased. Transcripts with increased abundance in stages 1 and 2 fibrosis were associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, and matrix degradation, whereas transcripts increased in stages 3 and 4 were associated with fibrogenesis and cellular proliferation. Cells staining for α-SMA were detectable at all stages but infrequent in advanced fibrosis without active inflammation. A high frequency of such cells was associated with mRNAs linked to glycolipid metabolism. In conclusion, the presence of α-SMA–positive HSCs and expression of PDGF in stage 0 fibrosis suggests that stellate cells are activated early in HCV-mediated injury, possibly in response to oxidative stress resulting from inflammation and lipid metabolism. Increased abundance of transcripts linked to cellular proliferation in advanced fibrosis is consistent with a predisposition to cancer. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index/html) (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Subcutaneous Ossification of the Legs Examined by SPECT
Authors: CHARLES L. TRUWIT, MICHAEL F. HARTSHORNE, VERDON J. PETERS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The typical appearance of subcutaneous ossification on a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) bone image is reminiscent of the patterns discovered by radiographs and computerized tomography. A case demonstrates the advantage of SPECT imaging to clarify the actual location of soft tissue Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate in this condition.
Public health doctors must press for health targets
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Setting health targets (rather than simply providing health services) may be a good way to persuade governments to take health seriously, suggested delegates at a meeting in London last week.

But targets must be set at regional and district level rather than national or European level, insisted Dr Hans Stein, head of the European health policy unit at the German health ministry.

The meeting, organised by …
Do antibiotics and alcohol mix? The beliefs of genitourinary clinic attendees
Authors: J Lwanga, A Mears, J S Bingham, C S Bradbeer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Genitourinary medicine clinics often prescribe antibiotics and, except for metronidazole, do not advise abstention from alcohol. However, patients often assume that they should avoid alcohol when taking any antibiotics. A Google search on “antibiotics and alcohol” finds many sites that advise abstention.

But this belief has no foundation, and no contraindication is given in the British National Formulary .1 We wondered how prevalent this myth was and whether patients ever skipped antibiotics to drink alcohol. A pilot survey showed that 76% of clinic staff believed the myth.

We asked a convenience sample …
Blue and Green Music
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Zdeněk Mařatka 27 June 1914 – 24 March 2010
Authors: M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Zdeněk Mařatka, who passed away recently at the grand old age of 95, was one of the great men in our field. Without a doubt, he was the most famous and well-respected Czech gastroenterologist, but his reputation far exceeded the frontiers of his home country and even the European continent.
Regional Back Pain
Authors: Nortin M. Hadler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Most patients with low back pain have a regional backache — i.e., one that is not caused by systemic disease. They have suffered no overtly traumatic precipitating event, and they would be well were it not for their use-related pain.1 Occasionally, however, a patient has a systemic disease that presents as a backache. Identifying these exceptional cases is the first clinical challenge, and the following caveats may help.First, backache is increasingly common in the later decades of life, but elderly people either seldom complain or are seldom heard. When they do present with such pain, a physician should take . . .
Progress in Cardiology: 4
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<i>Progress in Cardiology</i>, written specifically for the internist-cardiologist, reviews selected current knowledge in clinical and laboratory cardiology. Diagnostic tools useful in patient management help form the basis for the first section. Craige utilizes echocardiography and phonocardiography in discussing the genesis of heart sounds and heart murmurs. The murmurs associated with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis are unfortunately not well explained. Criley refers to echocardiography and ventriculography in presenting the prolapsing mitral valve-leaflet syndrome. The pathophysiology of this common cardiac abnormality is well explained and illustrated. While these patients experience cardiac arrhythmias, they rarely die suddenly and most patients have a benign prognosis. The chapter "Quantitative Left Ventriculography" stresses the importance of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction determinations in the clinical evaluation of cardiac patients. Formulae for volume determinations are reviewed. Physicians who work in the catheterization laboratory will find the chapter useful. The chapter on digitalis toxicity evaluates the electrophysiological
Dental Infection With Hepatitis B
Authors: Sankey V. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We performed a prospective study to assess the risk of patients acquiring infection following routine professional contact with two dentists incubating type B viral hepatitis. Serum samples from patients exposed during the six weeks before onset of hepatitis in the dentists were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and for antibody to the antigen shortly after illness developed and again six months later. Household members of exposed patients served as a control group. None of the exposed patients or controls became ill with hepititis, and none developed antigen. Three of the 237 exposed patients developed antibody, as did four of the 245 controls. The difference between exposed patients and controls was not significant. These results do not support the hypothesis that these two dentists transmitted infection to their patients.
Breast-Conserving Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Alexandra Gangi, Alice Chung, James Mirocha, Douglas Z. Liou, Trista Leong, Armando E. Giuliano
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

The aggressive triple-negative phenotype of breast cancer (negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors and v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 [ERBB2] [formerly human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)]) is considered by some investigators to be a relative contraindication to breast-conserving therapy.To compare outcomes of breast-conserving therapy for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with those of patients with the luminal A, luminal B, and ERBB2 subtypes.Prospective database review at an academic tertiary medical center with a designated breast cancer center. We included 1851 consecutive patients ages 29 to 85 years with stages I to III invasive breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving therapy at a single institution from January 1, 2000, through May 30, 2012. Of these patients, 234 (12.6%) had TNBC; 1341 (72.4%), luminal A subtype; 212 (11.5%), luminal B subtype; and 64 (3.5%), ERBB2-enriched subtype.Breast-conserving therapy.The primary outcome measure was local recurrence (LR). Secondary outcome measures included regional recurrence, distant recurrence, and overall survival. RESULTS Triple-negative breast cancer was associated with younger age at diagnosis (56 vs 60 years; P = .001), larger tumors (2.1 vs 1.8 cm; P < .001), more stage II vs I cancer (42.1% vs 33.6%; P = .005), and more G3 tumors (86.4% vs 28.4%; P < .001) compared with the non-TNBC subtypes. Multivariable analysis showed that TNBC did not have a significantly increased risk of LR compared with the luminal A (hazard ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 0.6-3.3]; P = .43), luminal B (1.6 [0.5-5.2]; P = .43), and ERBB2 (1.1 [0.2-5.2]; P = .87) subtypes. Only tumor size was a significant predictor of LR (hazard ratio, 4.7 [95% CI, 1.6-14.3]; P = .006). Predictors of worse overall survival included tumor size, grade, and stage and TNBC subtype.Breast-conserving therapy for TNBC is not associated with increased LR compared with non-TNBC subtypes. However, the TNBC phenotype correlates with worse overall survival. Breast-conserving therapy is appropriate for patients with TNBC.
Development of immunological assays to monitor pulmonary allograft rejection.
Authors: A C Cunningham, J A Kirby, I W Colquhoun, P A Flecknell, T Ashcroft, J H Dark
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--At present the diagnosis of pulmonary allograft rejection is made after examination of transbronchial biopsy specimens; this method is highly invasive. A study was performed to determine whether immunological parameters measured in peripheral blood or bronchoalveolar lavage samples correlate with the histological diagnosis of rejection. METHODS--Left unilateral pulmonary allotransplantation was performed between dogs. The animals were immunosuppressed with cyclosporin A after transplantation but the dose of this drug was gradually reduced to allow controlled rejection to take place. Rejection was diagnosed histologically. Four immunological parameters were investigated: measurement of lavage derived T cell proliferation in response to limited culture with interleukin 2; measurement of changes in the frequency of donor reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes; assay of the level of donor cell binding IgG antibody in recipient plasma; and measurement of the antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxic response to donor cells after labelling with recipient plasma. RESULTS--Assays based on measurement of the function of T cells produced significant results at a time later than the histological diagnosis of severe rejection. The level of donor reactive IgG antibody increased at a time that corresponded closely with the diagnosis of severe rejection. This IgG did not activate the antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxic effector mechanism to a significant extent. CONCLUSIONS--Measurement of parameters of donor specific immunoreactivity can yield data which are indicative of severe pulmonary allograft rejection. These methods make use of samples which can be obtained by minimally invasive methods. Measurement of the plasma level of donor reactive IgG antibody appears to be the most useful assay. However, each of the in vitro assays used during this series of experiments was less sensitive to the onset of rejection than was routine histological examination.
SH2D1A Regulates T-dependent Humoral Autoimmunity
Authors: Jonathan D. Hron, Liron Caplan, Andrea J. Gerth, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, Stanford L. Peng
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM)/CD150 family includes a family of chromosome 1–encoded cell surface molecules with costimulatory functions mediated in part by the adaptor protein SH2D1A (SLAM-associated protein, SAP). Deficiency in SH2D1A protects mice from an experimental model of lupus, including the development of hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies including anti–double stranded DNA, and renal disease. This protection did not reflect grossly defective T or B cell function per se because SH2D1A-deficient mice were susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a T cell–dependent disease, and they were capable of mounting normal T-independent antigen-specific immunoglobulin responses. Instead, T-dependent antibody responses were impaired in SH2D1A-deficient mice, reflecting defective germinal center formation. These findings demonstrate a specific role for the SLAM–SH2D1A system in the regulation of T-dependent humoral immune responses, implicating members of the CD150–SH2D1A family as targets in the pathogenesis and therapy of antibody-mediated autoimmune and allergic diseases.
Acute Bulbar Paralysis
Authors: D. M. Anderson, J. H. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1938)

ConclusionsA survey of 100 employed diabetics shows that 77 per cent.lost no time from work because of their diabetes after the initial stabilization of treatment, and the figure is 85 per cent.if the ultimate stabilization on insulin of another 8 per cent.originally treated by diet alone is included; 55 per cent.lost some time from illnesses un- connected with their diabetes.Our survey has no statistical accuracy; even if it had there seem to be no figures available to compare the working time lost by our patients with that lost by a mixed non-diabetic population.We think, however, the survey shows that most treated diabetics are good employees from the health point of view, and hope that the widespread prejudice against their employment may be removed.In addition it should be pointed out that we have surveyed only the hospital section of the working community and that we know that the work loss of a higher stratum of diabetics, whose incentive to work is usually greater, is still less.We wish to thank the Halley Stewart
The Fit Athlete
Authors: Frances K. Widmann
Journal: JAMA (1978)

It is difficult to take seriously a book that states, "Although about a third of all girls have disease-causing bacteria in their vaginas during menstruation, there is no evidence that these leak into the water in sufficient quantities to cause any deterioration in the cleanliness of a swimming pool." This unreferenced statement, giving no information about number or nature of the organisms, conditions of the study, nature of the population (just girls, not women?), relative findings in men and in nonmenstruating women, or standards for assessing pool cleanliness, is not entirely typical of the whole book, but it indicates many of its problems. The author, a physiologist, waxes eloquently specific on such topics as oxygen transport, effects of altitude on performance, and heat dissipation during a marathon run. More often, however, he offers glib generalities about psychology, genetics, cardiovascular medicine, and the social history of athletic competition. The physician reader
The Treatment of Hip-Joint Disease by Extension with Motion: As Practised by the American Surgeons, Instead of Long-Continued Rest and Immobility
Authors: W. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1878)

grains; and, as no dangerous effects have attended the somewhat free experiments hitherto made with it in the healthy subject, it may be given with confidence.I would propose that an infusion of one drachm of the powder, in an ounce of water, be injected at a blood-heat into the rectum, and repeated every two hours until the full influence of the drug is established.If there be intolerance of the simple infusion, it may be medicated by the addition of liquor opii and starch, so as to facilitate its retention.If the active principle of the drug could be obtained, it would, of course, be much more easily managed in the form of a concentrated solution for hypodermic injection.The liquid jaborandi of Messrs. Ferris and Co.I have found to be a reliable test.The dose is from five to ten drops.It is therefore presented in a handy form for injection either per rectum or hypodermically.
Alveolar CD8+CD57+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus infection produce an inhibitor of cytotoxic functions.
Authors: B Sadat-Sowti, A Parrot, L Quint, C Mayaud, P Debre, B Autran
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We investigated the CD8+CD57+ alveolar cell functions and their immunoregulatory role in lungs from HIV-seropositive patients with the clinical presentation of lymphocytic alveolitis at different stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. We previously reported, at Stage IV of HIV infection, an expansion of CD8+CD57+ alveolar lymphocytes mirroring the decline of local anti-HIV cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, and demonstrated that sorted CD8+CD57+ alveolar lymphocytes inhibited the effector phase of these HIV-specific CTL. In the present study, we show that the expansion of CD8+CD57+ alveolar T cells can also be detected at stages II and III of HIV disease, although at a lower degree than observed at Stage IV of HIV infection. When sorted, these CD8+CD57+ alveolar lymphocytes block effector killer cells such as allospecific CTL, natural killer (NK), and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. The mechanism of action of these inhibitory T-lymphocytes has been further studied and we demonstrated that: (1) cell-to-cell contact between inhibitor and killer is not required, (2) nonstimulated alveolar CD8+CD57+lymphocytes but not CD57- lymphocytes spontaneously release a solube inhibitor of cytolytic functions (ICF). This inhibitory activity of alveolar CD8+CD57+ cells is mediated by a glycosylated protein which is distinct from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), TNF beta, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF beta 1), TGF beta 2, interferon alpha (IFN alpha), interferon gamma (IFN gamma), and prostaglandins. The release of such an inhibitor of killer cell functions by CD8+CD57+ lymphocytes in the lungs, which are an important interface between the sterile body and the antigen-laden environment, may play a role in the local control of cell immunity.
Outbreak of Puerperal Sepsis due to a Single Type of Streptococcus
Authors: M. Kenny, M. Barber
Journal: BMJ (1944)

JOURNAL8091. Strong steady traction on the hand in slight radial deviation obtains disimpaction, overcomes shortening at the radio-ulnar joint, and, if strong enough, secures anterior cortex-to-cortex apposition.2. Strong traction in 30 degrees palmar flexion with direct pressure, by the chin if necessary, over the lower fragments corrects back- ward rotation without further trauma to the joint capsule.3. Traction in ulnar deviation and pronation corrects radial deviation and supination.4. Direct antero-posterior and lateral compression moulds the fragments.This method is similar to many others, but I would stress that, unless disimpaction is carried out by strong traction in radial deviation, shortening at the radio-ulnar joint and posterior subluxation of the triangular fibrocartilage may persist.The method of Sir Robert Jones (or, rather, of Hugh Owen Thomas-see Parker.1929) is satisfactory if there is no shorten- ing or gross comminution, but a generally applicable method is preferred.Immobilization and After-treatment Reduction is confirmed and its stability tested.The arm is held in moderate traction in the mid-pronated position with considerable ulnar deviation and no palmar flexion.The thumb is opposed, abducted, and flexed to meet the flexed index finger.A '-circle plaster back slab is applied gripping the anterior surfaces of radius and ulna and the dorsal surface of the first metacarpal, and taking a long grip of the upper end of the ulna.This position helps to maintain the full length of the radius.The slab is secured with a dry cotton bandage.No moulding is performed if the fracture is stable, but if unstable --as, rarely, it is-careful moulding to the anterior radial con- cavity is essential.Reduction is checked radiographically, and graduated and vigorous active exercises to fingers, elbow, and shoulder are started immediately under supervision.A high sling is worn for three or four days.The plaster is removed after five weeks and the exercises are intensified.The patient usually returns to light clerical work after one week (in plaster), to light manual work after seven weeks, and to heavy work after about nine weeks.He is discharged when his range of movement is approaching that of the normal side and he has been doing his usual work without complaint for at least a week.It is hoped to discuss in detail the results of a smaller series later.Summary 238 fractures about the lower end of the radius have been analysed and shown to fall into certain definite groups.Their mechanisms have been discussed and their treatment outlined.I am much indebted to Mr. V. H. Ellis, honorary orthopaedic surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital, for his encouragement and helpful criticism; and to my