tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Micromotions and combined damages at the dental implant/bone interface
Authors: Shan-Shan Gao, Ya-Rong Zhang, Zhuo-Li Zhu, Hai-Yang Yu
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2012)

Micromotion and fretting damages at the dental implant/bone interface are neglected for the limitation of check methods, but it is particularly important for the initial success of osseointegration and the life time of dental implant. This review article describes the scientific documentation of micromotion and fretting damages on the dental implant/bone interface. The fretting amplitude is less than 30 µm in vitro and the damage in the interface is acceptable. While in vivo, the micromotion's effect is the combination of damage in tissue level and the real biological reaction. Tiny movements at the contact area between dental implants and the underlying bone surface can cause wear and tear that threatens the long-term integrity of dental prostheses. This problem of so-called 'fretting damage' was long ignored by dentists and dental surgeons. Now, a review by Hai-Yang Yu and colleagues at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, shows that the micrometer-scale movements at the dental implant–bone interface can actually be subdivided into two types: tangential fretting, which is caused by the direct contact stress of mastication, and radial fretting, which arises from the grinding-like pressure between the two surfaces when they remain in contact. The combination of these stresses leads to small cracks that are a big problem in the replacement of missing teeth by implant-supported prostheses.
Livetins as inhaled allergens in the bird-egg syndrome
Authors: M.C. García-González, A. García-Balda, M.C. Diéguez-Pastor, M.R. González-Mendiola, P. Prieto-Montaño, J. Carnés, E. Fernandez-Caldas, B. Hoz-Caballer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Smallpox Hospitals and Air-borne Contagion.
Authors: H. Brooker Wells
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Philadelphia, June 17, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to a recent editorial inThe Journalconcerning the observations of some Liverpool physicians concerning the great prevalence of smallpox cases during an epidemic in the territory immediately surrounding the smallpox hospital, as compared with territory some distance from the hospital; referring also to our subsequent correspondence on this matter, and your statement in the editorial that there were but few, if any, contagious disease hospitals located in the built-up portions of cities in the United States, it may interest you to know that the only hospital of this kind in this city is situated in the heart of the residential neighborhood and that during a recent epidemic of smallpox a very large proportion of the cases occurred within a very short distance of the hospital building, thus supporting in a very practical way the experience of the Liverpool physicians.
CHANGES IN THE BRAIN IN GAS (CARBON MONOXID) POISONING
Authors: EMORY HILL
Journal: JAMA (1918)

This subject is important for three reasons: Carbon monoxid is liberated by bursting shells and therefore is one of the gases responsible for mortality in the present war. Deaths, accidental and suicidal, from inhalation of illuminating gas are increasingly frequent in civil life.<sup>1</sup>Henderson<sup>2</sup>states that carbon monoxid causes more deaths than all other gases combined. There is a reason to believe that a higher carbon monoxid content in illuminating gas is in part responsible for this. Statistics of certain cities of Great Britain<sup>3</sup>indicate that the higher percentage of such deaths parallels the greater proportion of water gas used in the manufacture of a cheaper product. Carbon monoxid poisoning is of medicolegal significance. A history is not always available, and the characteristic cherry-red color of the blood and chemi- cal proof of carbon monoxid are aids to diagnosis only in the first few days after poisoning. Kolisko<sup>4</sup>in
Suicide by Physicians
Authors: Michael Anteski
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to express my opinion concerning a statement by Drs de la Monte and Hutchins<sup>1</sup>in the April 20, 1984, issue ofThe Journalin their discussion of suicide among physicians. They state, "It is worthwhile pursuing the question of physician suicide because of the potentially large economic losses incurred by the premature death of such highly educated and resourceful members of society." The aspect of this remark I would like to address is the implication that the sole relevant basis for looking into the causes of physician suicide is that they would add resourceful manpower to further the aims of our society. I am not a sentimentalist, idealist, or nitpicker. However, the wording of the statement implies a philosophical orientation that I feel should not pass by and, by its categorical appearance in<i>JAMA</i>, be considered as uncontestably endorsable from a general moral guideline
Bartter's Syndrome Results from an Imbalance of Vasoactive Hormones
Authors: JOHN C. McGIFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Bartter's syndrome may result from a disturbance of the interrelations of three vasoactive hormonal systems: the kallikrein-kinin, renin-angiotensin, and prostaglandin systems. Although kinin and angiotensin have opposing effects on renal function, each hormone increases the levels of prostaglandins within the kidney. Elevated renal prostaglandin levels are primarily responsible for some of the major features of the syndrome. The effectiveness of indomethacin in the treatment of Bartter's syndrome derives in large part from the ability of the drug to inhibit prostaglandin production. Indomethacin also decreases the activity of the renin-angiotensin system and the excretion of renal kallikrein, perhaps related to inhibition of prostaglandin mechanisms that may participate in the release of renin and kallikrein. However, additional actions of indomethacin must be considered, such as an effect of the drug on a naturally occurring renin inhibitor.
Prostaglandins and bronchial smooth muscle.
Authors: M F Cuthbert
Journal: Thorax (1972)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Mutations that extend lifespan are associated with enhanced resistance to stress. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship, we studied nine long-lived <i>C. elegans</i> mutants representative of different pathways of lifespan extension. We directly compared the magnitude of their lifespan extension and their ability to resist various external stressors (heat, oxidative stress, bacterial pathogens, osmotic stress, and anoxia). Furthermore, we analysed gene expression in each of these mutants to identify genes and pathways responsible for the enhanced resistance to stress. All of the examined long-lived mutants have increased resistance to one or more type of stress. Resistance to each of the examined types of stress had a significant, positive correlation with lifespan, with bacterial pathogen resistance showing the strongest relationship. All of the examined long-lived mutants have significant upregulation of multiple stress response pathways but differ in which stress response pathway has the greatest enrichment of genes. We used RNA sequencing data to identify which genes are most highly correlated with each type of stress resistance. There was a highly significant overlap between genes highly correlated with stress resistance, and genes highly correlated with longevity, suggesting that the same genetic pathways drive both phenotypes. This was especially true for genes correlated with bacterial pathogen resistance, which showed an 84% overlap with genes correlated with lifespan. Overall, our results demonstrate a strong correlation between stress resistance and longevity that results from the high degree of overlap in genes contributing to each phenotype. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> While increased resistance to stress has been correlated with longevity, the genetic basis for this relationship is incompletely understood. To advance our understanding of the relationship between stress resistance and lifespan, we measured lifespan, stress resistance and gene expression in a panel of nine long-lived mutants in <i>C. elegans</i>. All of the long-lived mutants exhibit enhanced resistance to at least one external stressor resulting from significant upregulation of multiple stress response pathways. Importantly, our data indicates that the same genetic pathways control stress resistance and lifespan, thereby accounting for the strong correlation between these two phenotypes. This work demonstrates the importance of innate immune signaling and other stress response pathways in determining longevity.
Baseline and 6-month costs of primary angioplasty therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Results from the primary angioplasty registry
Authors: Daniel B. Mark, William W. O'Neill, Bruce Brodie, Russell Ivanhoe, William Knopf, George Taylor, James H. O'Keefe, Cindy L. Grines, Linda Davidson-Ray, J. David Knight, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Immunosurveillance and therapy of multiple myeloma are CD226 dependent
Authors: Camille Guillerey, Lucas Ferrari de Andrade, Slavica Vuckovic, Kim Miles, Shin Foong Ngiow, Michelle C.R. Yong, Michele W.L. Teng, Marco Colonna, David S. Ritchie, Martha Chesi, P. Leif Bergsagel, Geoffrey R. Hill, Mark J. Smyth, Ludovic Martinet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an age-dependent hematological malignancy. Evaluation of immune interactions that drive MM relies on in vitro experiments that do not reflect the complex cellular stroma involved in MM pathogenesis. Here we used Vk*MYC transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop MM, and demonstrated that the immune system plays a critical role in the control of MM progression and the response to treatment. We monitored Vk*MYC mice that had been crossed with Cd226 mutant mice over a period of 3 years and found that CD226 limits spontaneous MM development. The CD226-dependent anti-myeloma immune response against transplanted Vk*MYC MM cells was mediated both by NK and CD8+ T cells through perforin and IFN-γ pathways. Moreover, CD226 expression was required for optimal antimyeloma efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and bortezomib (Btz), which are both standardly used to manage MM in patients. Activation of costimulatory receptor CD137 with mAb (4-1BB) exerted strong antimyeloma activity, while inhibition of coinhibitory receptors PD-1 and CTLA-4 had no effect. Taken together, the results of this study provide in vivo evidence that CD226 is important for MM immunosurveillance and indicate that specific immune components should be targeted for optimal MM treatment efficacy. As progressive immunosuppression associates with MM development, strategies aimed to increase immune functions may have important therapeutic implications in MM.
P890 SPECIFIC PHENOTYPE AND GENE EXPRESSION PROFILES OF COMBINED LIVER AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS
Authors: E. Dumontet, R. Danger, P. Vagefi, M.-C. Londoño, A. Pallier, J.J. Lozano, M. Giral, N. Degauque, M. Martínez-Llordella, M. Latournerie, K. Boudjéma, J. Dulong, K. Tarte, J.-P. Soulillou, A. Sanchez-Fueyo, S. Feng, S. Brouard, S. Conchon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Use of Health Services by African-American Children With Asthma on Medicaid
Authors: Paula Lozano, Frederick A. Connell, Thomas D. Koepsell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether African-American children with asthma use more emergency department (ED) and inpatient medical services and fewer preventive services than white children with similar insurance coverage and family income. <h3>Design.</h3> —Historical cohort study using Medicaid claims data. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Aid to Families With Dependent Children enrollees aged 3 through 17 years in the Seattle-Tacoma, Wash, metropolitan area. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All 576 African-American children and 1369 white children receiving services for asthma between June 1988 and December 1992. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Utilization of asthma services (ED, inpatient, office visits, and pharmacy) and well-child services and associated Medicaid reimbursements. <h3>Results.</h3> —African-American children were more likely than white children to make ED visits or to be hospitalized for asthma; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 2.15) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.96), respectively. African-American children were less likely to have made an office visit for asthma; the adjusted OR was 0.48 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.85). The two groups were similarly likely to have filled a prescription for an asthma medication and to have made a well-child visit. Per capita payments for asthma services were 24% higher for African-American children: $436 vs $350 per child-year. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Higher use of ED and inpatient services for asthma among African-American children using Medicaid (compared with white children) cannot be fully explained by poverty or inadequate health insurance. Furthermore, these children appear to make disproportionately few office visits for asthma, suggesting suboptimal use of preventive services for asthma. In contrast, the comparable use of well-child visits in the two groups suggests the problem may not be in access to care in general, but there may be specific problems in the successful management of chronic diseases such as asthma among African-American children. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:469-473)
DE MOTU INTERLINGUAE
Authors: JOHN LANSBURY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Editorial1 July 1955DE MOTU INTERLINGUAEJOHN LANSBURY, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN LANSBURY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-43-1-217 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWith this issue of the ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE an abstract of each original article appears in Interlingua. It is hoped that by this device those of our readers who do not read English fluently will be enabled quickly to evaluate each paper and so determine whether it merits a laborious study or translation. Also, provided our summaries are adequate, it will permit readers who are not familiar with English to gather the essence of each article in capsule form.Because Interlingua is new, many of our readers will probably be interested to know something about its origin, its nature,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1955Volume 43, Issue 1Page: 217-221 Issue Published: 1 July 1955 PDF downloadLoading ...
New translational research on novel drugs for hepatitis C virus 1b infection by using a replicon system and human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hisashi Moriguchi, Raymond T Chung, Chifumi Sato
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with interest the article by Delang et al.1 They showed excellent antiviral effects for the combination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase or protease inhibitors with mevastatin or simvastatin in vitro.1 However, they did not use atorvastatin and pitavastatin in their study.1 According to our replicon system,2 atorvastatin or pitavastatin was more effective for HCV-1b infection among monotherapy of statins (Fig. 1). This result is also supported by an experimental study.3 For example, median effective concentration (EC50) value was 2.16, 1.57, 1.39, 0.90, and 0.45 μM in lovastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, and pitavastatin, respectively.3 Therefore, pitavastatin possessed the strongest anti-HCV activity among the statins tested.3 Considering these facts, antiviral effects in HCV-1b infection for the combination of HCV polymerase or protease inhibitors with pitavastatin should be also considered in vitro. Efficacy of several drugs against HCV infection among monotherapy of statins. Vertical axis; Relative luciferase activity (% of control) horizontal axis; statins (μM), IFN (U/mL) ATV, atorvastatin; FLV, fluvastatin; IFN, interferon; PTV, pitavastatin; SMV, simvastatin. MTS; 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethylthiazoly)-3-(4-sulfophenyl)tetra-zolium, inner salt). In addition, the toxicities for these combination therapies should be evaluated appropriately. As for this point, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be efficiently induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells.4 This suggest that human iPSCs derived from patients with HCV-1b infection can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. By using the patient-specific hepatocyte-like cells, the patient-specific toxicities for the abovementioned combination therapies for HCV-1b infection could be evaluated in the near future. In conclusion, we describe a method to effectively progress the translational research on novel combination therapies for HCV-1b infection. Acknowledgment: We are grateful to Dr. Naoya Sakamoto and other members of our laboratories for technical support. Furthermore, we are also grateful to Ms. Satoko Iioka for helpful discussions. We are grateful to Dr. Naoya Sakamoto and other members of our laboratories for technical support. Furthermore, we are also grateful to Ms. Satoko Iioka for helpful discussions. Hisashi Moriguchi* , Raymond T Chung , Chifumi Sato , * Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, Department of Analytical Health Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
Stimulant Medications Precipitate Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Thomas L. Lowe
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Following treatment with stimulant medications for symptoms of attention deficit disorder, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome occurred in 15 patients. Early signs of Tourette's syndrome may be difficult to distinguish from hyperactive and attention disordered symptoms, leading the clinician to consider treatment with stimulants. In these Tourette's-susceptible patients, stimulants may exacerbate severe motor and phonic tics, requiring discontinuation of administration of stimulants and institution of haloperidol therapy for tic control. Clinical evaluation for tics and Tourette's syndrome in children and their families should precede and dictate use of stimulant medications in children. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1729-1731)
Mechanism-based predictions of interactions.
Authors: F Oesch, B Oesch-Bartlomowicz, J Arens, F Fähndrich, E Vogel, T Friedberg, H Glatt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Exposure to more than one toxic compound is common in real life. The resulting toxic effects are often more than the simple sum of the effects of the individual compounds. It is unlikely that it will ever be possible to test all combinations. It is therefore highly desirable to improve or develop means for reasonably approximating predictions of interactions. In order to be valid and extrapolatable, these predictions are most promising if they are mechanism-based. Examples will be given for possibilities of mechanism-based predictions of interactions which exceed trivialities of simple increases by enzyme induction of enzymatic rates of a given biotransformation pathway leading to a toxic metabolite. Instead, examples will be provided where competition between various enzymes for shunting the same substrate into divergent pathways can lead to predictable dramatic changes in toxicity by shifting the metabolic routes under conditions of no significant changes of overall metabolism. Further examples are given on predictable interactions between chemicals which need bioactivation for exerting their toxicity and chemicals which effect hormonal status and other endogenous factors which in turn modify enzymes involved in the control of toxic metabolites.
Quantitation of Hepatic Granulomas and Epithelioid Cells in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Yasuni Nakanuma, Goroku Ohta
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The number of granulomas and loosely arranged epithelioid cell foci in wedge liver biopsy specimens of 39 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were counted and correlated with other hepatic lesions. Granulomas and cell foci were present in 76.9 and 87.2% of the patients, respectively; their numbers varied greatly from case to case (mean ± S.D.: 2.4 ± 3.4 per cm2 and 4.7 ± 5.5 per cm2 of liver section; range: 0 to 18.5 per cm2 and 0 to 23.3 per cm2, respectively) and decreased as bile duct loss progressed. There was positive correlation between the number of cell foci with the extent of florid duct lesions, and negative correlation with hepatic fibrosis and deposition of copper granules.
Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics
Authors: Basil Zitelli
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The 12th edition of the<i>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</i>maintains the standard of excellence of the previous editions. It has been substantially modified with many additions and revisions. Overall, the new edition remains as one large volume with 1,810 pages of text plus two large appendices. The previous edition was only slightly longer. Sections dealing with psychosocial and developmental issues are particularly strong, with relatively little change from the previous edition. Unlike other major pediatric texts, the Nelson text includes sections, albeit brief, on adoption and foster care. In addition, discussions touch on separation of parents and the impact of television on children. Attention-deficit disorders are simply and concisely presented. Infectious disease sections are well written and complete. Numerous tables have been included to help the clinician form a differential diagnosis of infectious etiologies from dermatologic manifestations. Other tables list distinguishing characteristics of various illnesses such as infectious diarrheas. Unfortunately,
Decrease of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta expression in cardiomyopathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: B.-C. Yu, C.-K. Chang, H.-Y. Ou, K.-C. Cheng, J.-T. Cheng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) in the development of cardiomyopathy, which is widely observed in diabetic disorders, is likely because cardiomyocyte-restricted PPARdelta deletion causes cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, we investigated the effect of hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress on the expression of cardiac PPARdelta both in vivo and in vitro.We used male Wistar rats to examine the effect of hyperglycaemia on PPARdelta expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and H9c2 embryonic rat cardiomyocytes. PPARdelta mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) and protein levels were measured using northern and western blotting, respectively. The lipid deposition within the heart section was assessed by oil red O staining. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in morphology, protein synthesis, and alpha-actinin content in hyperglycaemic cells were also examined. Inhibitors of ROS production or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation were employed to investigate the possible mechanisms. Cardiomyopathy induced in streptozotocin-diabetic rats was associated with a marked decrease in cardiac PPARdelta expression. Also, ROS production, cell size, and protein synthesis were increased while PPARdelta expression was reduced in cells exposed to hyperglycaemia in vitro. However, these glucose-induced changes were abolished in the presence of tiron or PD98059 (MEK/ERK inhibitor).Our results suggest that inhibitors of ROS production or MAPK activation are involved in reduction of cardiac PPARdelta expression in response to hyperglycaemia.