tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What is a promonocyte?
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

The French-American-British cooperative group, in their seminal paper of 1976, described a promonocyte as follows: "This cell is similar to the monoblast but has a large nucleus with a cerebriform appearance; nucleoli may be present, but the cytoplasm is less basophilic, has a greyish ground-glass appearance and fine azurophilic granules are often scattered throughout." They did not advise counting promonocytes with blast cells when distinguishing between acute leukemia and a myelodysplastic syndrome. In 2008, the WHO expert group described promonocytes as follows: "promonocytes have a delicately convoluted, folded or grooved nucleus with finely dispersed chromatin, a small indistinct or absent nucleolus, and finely granulated cytoplasm." The two descriptions have some similarities and yet the WHO group advised that monoblasts and promonocytes be summated when estimating the blast count to establish a diagnosis of acute leukemia. They emphasised the importance of distinguishing promonocytes from "more mature but abnormal leukemic monocytes … which have more clumped chromatin … variably indented, folded nuclei and grey cytoplasm with more abundant lilac-coloured granules".1 These images are from a 70-year-old woman who presented with septicemia and a purpuric rash, Her full blood count showed a white cell count of 36 × 109/l, a hemoglobin concentration of 89 g/l and a platelet count of 15 × 109/l. A diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was made, on the basis of morphology and cytochemical stains of peripheral blood and bone marrow. The left image compares a monoblast and a promonocyte. The monoblast (bottom) has a large nucleolus and a regular oval nucleus whereas the promonocyte (top) has a notch that leads into a groove crossing the nucleus and has smaller less distinct nucleoli and more obvious granules. The right image compares a promonocyte with an immature abnormal monocyte. The promonocyte (top) has a nucleolus and two superimposed nuclear lobes while the abnormal immature monocyte (bottom) is showing some definite chromatin condensation; avoiding classifying this latter cell as a promonocyte helps to avoid a misdiagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia as acute leukemia. It is the finely dispersed chromatin of the promonocyte that is the most important feature in distinguishing it from an immature monocyte.
Unusual Case of Concealed Haemorrhage
Authors: W. A. Taylor, G. Dutton
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Spontaneous HaemopneumothoraxThe following account of two cases may be of interest in view of the article by Crawford and Shafar in the British Medical Journal of Jan. 19, 1946 (p.88).They refer to the rarity of the condition, only 43 cases having up to then been reported.Many of the points discussed by them are borne out by these cases.
Must the Law Assure Ethical Behavior?
Authors: James S. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Success and progress always cause problems! Until fairly recently, the image of medicine was of a practitioner and patient working together in a spirit of trust and responsibility. Even with the advent of group practice, this same image persisted. Health care options, limited by a paucity of science, were simple and everyone understood the transaction. Then scientific progress quickened and the options for diagnosis and treatment exploded. Along with this began the isolation, through insurance, of both patient and physician from the economic consequences of their decisions. Following quickly was the escalation in costs of care beyond what some in society considered reasonable. Cost (really price) control was started, the intention being to reduce the volume of care given by reducing individual reimbursement: a shaky hypothesis at best. Given this scenario, it is not surprising that physicians would look for ways to enhance the availability of all this burgeoning technology
Compelled Authorizations for Disclosure of Health Records: Magnitude and Implications
Authors: Mark A. Rothstein, Meghan K. Talbott
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Abstract Each year individuals are required to execute millions of authorizations for the release of their health records as a condition of employment, applying for various types of insurance, and submitting claims for benefits. Generally, there are no restrictions on the scope of information released pursuant to these compelled authorizations, and the development of a nationwide system of interoperable electronic health records will increase the amount of health information released. After quantifying the extent of these disclosures, this article discusses why it is important to limit disclosures of health information for nonmedical purposes as well as how it may be possible to do so.
Place de la fonction Narrow Band Imaging pour la détection du carcinome épidermoïde superficiel de l'oesophage
Authors: T Ponchon, MG Lapalus, JC Saurin, C Robles, M Chemaly, V Hervieu, B Parmentier, O Guillaud
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La détection endoscopique du carcinome épidermoïde de l'œsophage fait appel successivement à 1) une analyse soigneuse de la muqueuse œsophagienne en lumière blanche sans coloration, puis 2) à une analyse après coloration par Lugol, celle-ci permettant de détecter des lésions néoplasiques planes non vues auparavant ou des extensions planes de lésions déjà détectées. La fonction Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) du vidéoendoscope est destinée à révéler la néovascularisation accompagnant un processus néoplasique. Dans une série de patients adressés pour mucosectomie pour cancer épidermoïde de l'œsophage, nous avons évalué si la fonction NBI pouvait fournir des informations identiques à celle du Lugol.
Obstruction of Tricuspid Ball-Valve Prostheses
Authors: JOSEPH B. VANDER VEER, GEORGE S. RHYNEER, ROBERT P. HODAM, FRANK E. KLOSTER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Obstruction of Starr-Edwards tricuspid prostheses occurred in seven patients from 2 to 52 months after surgery. Four patients were taking anticoagulants. Three patients presented with acute right-heart failure, three were asymptomatic, and one died suddenly. Of the six who were examined, all had high-pitched tricuspid diastolic murmurs and elevated jugular venous pressure, five had hepatomegaly, and three had peripheral edema. Cardiac catheterization in four patients revealed elevated right atrial pressure in all and large transvalvular pressure gradients in three. Angiography showed impaired flow across the valve in all cases. In six cases, impingement of a prosthesis strut on the ventricular myocardium was the underlying mechanism of obstruction. Two patients died without reoperation. Four of the remaining five patients survived reoperation and were improved. Tricuspid ball-valve obstruction is a potentially lethal complication that may develop with minimal symptoms. A characteristic diastolic murmur and elevated systemic venous pressure have uniformly been present. Confirmatory hemodynamic studies should be followed by early reoperation.
The Man With a Shirt in His Throat
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anti-CD18 antibody does not block ileal injury induced by phorbol myristate acetate.
Authors: M C Overdahl, M W Julian, S E Weisbrode, P M Dorinsky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is frequently complicated by systemic microvascular injury. In previous studies, ALI from acid aspiration resulted in ileal microvascular injury. This was due to systemic inflammation and was prevented by MoAb 60.3, an antibody against the CD18 antigen that mediates leukocyte adherence. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that ileal microvascular injury during phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced systemic inflammation is also blocked by MoAB 60.3. We assessed the injury by measuring the concentration ratios of lymph protein to plasma protein (i.e., CL/CP) at steady-state lymph flows in autoperfused cat ileum preparations. As expected, the CL/CP increased in the ilea of animals given PMA (15 micrograms/kg; n = 5) compared with the ilea of control animals (n = 5) (0.202 +/- 0.024 versus 0.106 +/- 0.010; p = 0.006) and was accompanied by widespread morphologic alterations. Intravenously administering MoAb 60.3 (2 mg/kg) to animals before the PMA infusion (n = 5) yielded a CL/CP value indistinguishable from that of the PMA group (0.222 +/- 0.024 versus 0.202 +/- 0.024; p = NS). These results suggest that CD18-mediated leukocyte adherence is not important in the mechanism of PMA-induced ileal microvascular injury.
Influence of barn drying of fodder on respiratory symptoms and function in dairy farmers of the Doubs region of France.
Authors: J C Dalphin, J C Polio, D Pernet, M F Maheu, B Toson, A Dubiez, E Monnet, J J Laplante, A Depierre
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--A previous study showed there to be fewer microorganisms (especially thermophilic actinomycetes) on farms with artificial barn drying of fodder than on those using traditional storage methods. A cross sectional study was performed to see whether barn drying provides protection against respiratory problems in dairy farmers. METHODS--The respiratory symptoms and function of a group of 123 farmers with daily exposure to cattle foddering from farms which had had a barn drying system for at least three years were compared with those of a representative sample of 274 farmers working in farms with traditional storage in five districts in the Doubs region of France. RESULTS--Both groups were comparable for mean age, weight, height, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, past history of respiratory disease, history of allergy, geographical location of the farm, and length of exposure. Retrospectively estimated exposure to fodder was greater in the group using a barn drying system than in the group working with traditional storage. Acute symptoms at exposure (rhinitis, eye irritation, dry cough, asthma symptoms) and chronic symptoms all tended to be less frequent in the barn drying group, although not individually significantly so. Mean (SD) respiratory function parameters were higher in the barn drying group than in the traditional group: % vital capacity (VC) 104 (14) v 102 (15); % forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 99 (14) v 94 (18); % FEV1/VC 96 (11) v 92 (16); % forced mid expiratory flow (FEF25-75) 87 (24) v 79 (25). CONCLUSION--The results of this cross sectional study suggest that barn drying of fodder may protect respiratory function in dairy farmers.
Bala Krishna Hareendran Nair
Authors: Hari Sugunendran
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Founder of the modern hospice movementCicely Saunders founded the first modern hospice and, more than anybody else, was responsible for establishing the discipline and the culture of palliative care.She introduced effective pain management and insisted that dying people needed dignity, compassion, and respect, as well as rigorous scientific methodology in the testing of treatments.St Christopher's Hospice opened in south west London in 1967.It is now one of many but is still the leader in the field.It was her personal achievement and has been imitated all over the world.She raised the funds for the hospice and contributed some of her own money.Saunders introduced the idea of "total pain," which included the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of distress.A good listener, she paid systematic attention to patient narratives.One St Christopher's patient, transferred from another hospital, said, "They used to see how long I could go without an injection.I used to be pouring with sweat because of the pain.I couldn't speak to anyone and I was having crying fits.I think I've only cried once since I've been here . . .The biggest difference is feeling so calm.I don't get worked up or upset."Cicely Mary Strode Saunders was born in Barnet, Hertfordshire, in 1918.She was sent to Roedean School when she was 10.Taller than the other girls, she felt she never fitted in, which, she said, gave her a feeling for people who were outsiders.She also suffered from a painful and slightly crooked spine, and was made to lie flat on the floor for 40 minutes a day.Her father disapproved of her desire to be a nurse, and so instead she went to study at Oxford.After the outbreak of the second world war she abandoned her course and defied her parents' advice, enrolling as a student nurse at St Thomas' Hospital in 1944.However, her back was still painful, and she was advised to quit nursing.After returning to Oxford for a year she gained a "war degree" and qualified as a social worker, or what was then called a lady almoner, in 1947.Saunders was originally an agnostic, but, while on holiday in Cornwall with some
Lead systems for internal ventricular fibrillation.
Authors: G M Deeb, B P Griffith, M E Thompson, A Langer, M S Heilman, R L Hardesty
Journal: Circulation (1981)

We examined the feasibility of using a standby automatic implantable defibrillator and established thresholds for internal defibrillation. The implantable defibrillator senses ventricular fibrillation and delivers an electrical impulse for defibrillation. Two lead systems for the device have been investigated. System I consists of two 12-cm2 silicone-covered titanium mesh patches attached to the atrial and diaphragmatic pericardial surfaces. System II has an identical diaphragmatic patch and a titanium spring catheter, with a 12-cm2 surface area of conductivity, placed transvenously in the right atrium. Both systems were implanted by thoracotomy in 12 dogs (mean weight 20 kg) and by a subxiphoid approach in 10 pigs (mean weight 20 kg). The defibrillation threshold (lowest energy required for 80% success) was determined periodically for 54 weeks in the dogs (615 trials) and at 6 weeks for the pigs (100 trials). In dogs, the mean defibrillation threshold with system I leads at 4 weeks was 10.5 J and did not change significantly over a 54-week period (p greater than 0.05). Similar results were obtained in the pig at 4 weeks. The defibrillation thresholds for both lead systems in dogs and pigs using a transpleural thoracotomy or a subxiphoid approach are satisfactory for an implantable defibrillator that produces 20-35 J.
Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: James M. Lamiell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<i>Fundamentals of Complementary and Alternative Medicine</i>is appropriate for medical students, physicians, nurses, and allied health practitioners who seek an understanding of approaches to medicine not based on traditional Western methods. Such an understanding is important, since many patients have complete confidence in nontraditional approaches. The book begins with a description of the general characteristics of complementary and alternative medicine and then elaborates on relevant cultural and historical ideas. Complementary therapy systems (homeopathy, osteopathy, chiropractic, and Western herbalism) and approaches (healing touch, aromatherapy, and light therapy) and integrated and traditional systems (naturopathic medicine, Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and curanderismo) are covered in detail. The text ends with an excellent chapter on global health traditions. There is a clear and concise review of scientific research in each field of complementary and alternative medicine for which research results exist. I first heard of curanderismo as a medical student in Denver, Colo, where I
PREDICTION OF CLINICAL DETERIORATION IN IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: LONGITUDINAL CHANGE IN RIGHT VENTRICULAR REMODELLING WITH REAL TIME 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE.
Authors: IOULIA A. GRAPSA, David Dawson, Declan O’Regan, Giuliana Durighel, Petros Nihoyannopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Compositional mapping of cholesteryl ester droplets in the fatty streaks of human aorta.
Authors: G M Hillman, D M Engelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Frozen sections prepared from human aortic tissue containing fatty streak lesions were examined on a thermally controlled stage with a polarizing light microscope. Distinct birefringent droplets, 0.5-5 mum in diameter, were observed, many apparently aggregated into clusters. The clusters were about 20 X 20 mum in diameter (the approximate size of foam cells). Upon being heated, each smectic droplet exhibited a sudden change of birefringence, indicating a change of state. The transition temperatures were compared to assess compositional distributions in the tissue. We found that for 52% of the clusters the standard deviation of the cluster's droplet melting point distribution was less than half that observed in the surrounding microscopic field. If clusters were intracellular lipid inclusions, this observation indicates that the lipid composition within a foam cell is more homogeneous than that of the overall field. However, using statistical methods, we compared droplet melting populations from cluster to cluster and found significant heterogeneity. The observations can be interpreted to suggest that many foam cells modify the cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition of their accumulations be selective uptake, temporal sampling, or chemical reaction. Furthermore, the intercellular heterogeneity suggests that different cells in the lesion may have different metabolic and transport enzyme affinities or be in different states.
Oncologist who stood up to US insurance companies lost work
Authors: W. Sampson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—From early reports of the success of high dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow infusion some oncologists, including me, recognised that the procedure was far from proved, dangerous, and expensive.1 I was a reviewer for several insurance companies at the time and rejected all requests for payment for both primary and metastatic disease. The companies welcomed the first few opinions, …
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis after exposure to isocyanates.
Authors: J Charles, A Bernstein, B Jones, D J Jones, J H Edwards, R M Seal, A Seaton
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Four patients exposed to isocyanate vapour developed dyspnoea associated with restriction and reduced gas transfer as well as moderate airways obstruction on lung function testing. In one patient bilateral radiographic shadowing was present and an open lung biopsy was performed. The microscopic appearances ranged from acute inflammation to end-stage fibrosis but the centribular accentuation of disease and the presence of areas resembling bronchopulmonary aspergillosis suggested that the process was a hypersensitivity response to inhaled allergen. Challenge tests with albumin and toluene diisocyanate-albumin were carried out in sensitized and control rabbits. The sensitized animals developed extensive lung damage of the type associated with an Arthus reaction. It is suggested that patients exposed to isocyanates may occasionally develop a hypersensitivity pneumonitis rather than the more usual asthmatic syndrome.
THE EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY UPON EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES IN THE CAT
Authors: C. N. H. Long, F. D. W. Lukens
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

1. The hypophysectomized cat shows an alleviation of the diabetes following pancreatectomy comparable to that previously demonstrated by others in the dog. 2. It is possible by various procedures to remove both adrenals and all the pancreas from cats. Such animals have survived for as long as 4 weeks without the use of insulin, the average survival being 18 days. Daily injections of cortical extract are necessary. By contrast, cats deprived of insulin by similar procedures but with adrenals intact survive only 4-5 days. 3. Adrenalectomized-depancreatized cats show as striking an alleviation of the diabetes as do those hypophysectomized and depancreatized. This is expressed by the markedly decreased glucose, nitrogen and acetone body excretion compared to that found in the depancreatized cat, as well as by the increased survival period. 4. Removal of epinephrine by denervation or demedullation of the adrenals does not protect against pancreatic diabetes in the cat. 5. The carbohydrate tolerance of depancreatized cats is not significantly increased by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy. The exceptions to this finding have all been in animals presenting varying degrees of spontaneous hypoglycemia. 6. It is our opinion that the effects of hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy upon pancreatic diabetes are due to diminution of the production of glucose and acetone bodies rather than to the resumption of normal carbohydrate utilization.
Contributions of Obesity and Weight Loss to Gallstone Disease
Authors: James E. Everhart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To examine the relation of obesity and weight loss to the formation of gallstones according to pertinent clinical and research issues.Original reports obtained through a MEDLINE search from 1966 to 1992 on gallstones plus obesity or reducing diets, supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies, a Current Contents title search from 1991 to 1992 on gallstones and gallbladder, and expert opinion. Only studies of humans were cited.For women, but less so for men, obesity is a strong risk factor for gallstones, and this risk is increased during weight loss. Between 10% and 25% of obese men and women may develop gallstones within a few months of beginning a very low calorie diet, and perhaps one third of these will develop symptoms of gallstones. Persons with the highest body mass index before weight loss and those who lose weight most rapidly appear to be at the greatest risk for gallstones. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) during weight loss dieting is the only proven prevention for the formation of gallstones. Issues to be resolved include how different diets affect the risk for developing gallstones, the identification of other risk factors for gallstone formation during weight loss, the effect of weight loss among people with preexisting gallstones, and the optimum means of preventing gallstones during weight loss.During weight loss, particularly among the obese, an increased risk exists for symptomatic gallstone formation. This acute risk offers the opportunity to investigate the cause of gallstones and possibly to prevent them.
Association of klotho, bone morphogenic protein 6, and annexin A2 polymorphisms with sickle cell osteonecrosis
Authors: Clinton Baldwin, Vikki G. Nolan, Diego F. Wyszynski, Qian-Li Ma, Paola Sebastiani, Stephen H. Embury, Alice Bisbee, John Farrell, Lindsay Farrer, Martin H. Steinberg
Journal: Blood (2005)