tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3111: Identification of genes that frequently exhibit copy number alterations in pediatric ependymomas
Authors: Christopher A. Hamm, Fabricio F. Costa, Jared M. Bischof, Elio F. Vanin, Maria de Fatima Bonaldo, Steve Iannaccone, Veena Rajaram, David George, Tadanori Tomita, Stewart Goldman, Lawrence J. Jennings, Richard J. Gilbertson, Marcelo B. Soares
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Ependymoma is a common pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumor that is believed to originate from ependymal cells located in the lining of ventricular surfaces in the brain. Ependymoma presents great challenges in treatment despite the advances in neurosurgical techniques and adjuvant therapy. To uncover protein interaction networks that are consistently compromised in pediatric ependymomas, we conducted a computational analysis of the array CGH data derived from 203 primary ependymomas from the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital cohort, published by Johnson and colleagues [Nature, 466(7306):632-6, 2010]. The analysis (Bischof and Soares, manuscript in preparation) revealed 15 regions of copy number variation (CNVs) that occurred in at least 50% of the tumors. Peak genes from these CNVs were selected for a confirmatory study using DNA digital PCR assays with an independent ependymoma cohort from the Ann &amp; Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago. In this study, all ependymomas displayed copy number alterations in at least one of the 10 genes tested by digital PCR. The digital PCR data sheds light into the biology of ependymomas as the 10 candidate genes have a wide range of cellular functions; from neural stem cell development, to tumor suppression, to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. In conclusion, we have confirmed that the occurrence of DNA copy number variation in these 10 genes prevail in ependymomas. Indeed, all tumors exhibited at least one of these CNVs. These alterations provide insights into the protein interaction networks underlying development of ependymomas while uncovering targets that may be exploited for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Christopher A. Hamm, Fabricio F. Costa, Jared M. Bischof, Elio F. Vanin, Maria de Fatima Bonaldo, Steve Iannaccone, Veena Rajaram, David George, Tadanori Tomita, Stewart Goldman, Lawrence J. Jennings, Richard J. Gilbertson, Marcelo B. Soares. Identification of genes that frequently exhibit copy number alterations in pediatric ependymomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3111. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3111
Quinidine Syncope
Authors: ARTHUR SELZER, H. WESLEY WRAY
Journal: Circulation (1964)

QUINIDINE occupies an almost uniqueplace in the therapy of cardiac arrhyth- mias.In the 45-odd years of its clinical use only very few drugs possessing similar pharmacologic properties have been found, but none could match quinidine in its broad ther- apeutic applications.Consequently, the knowledge concerning its clinical use and tox- icity is of considerable importance, for pa- tients who tolerate this drug poorly or are hypersensitive to it may face the prospect of inability to have normal cardiac rhythm re- stored or maintained.The pharmacology and toxicology of quinidine have been the subject of several reviews,'-5 but certain aspects of it are still poorly understood.The purpose of this communication is to focus attention on syncopal attacks occurring during quinidine therapy and apparently related to paroxysms of ventricular flutter or fibrillation.Until very recently such ventricular arrhythmias have been considered a very rare manifestation of quinidine toxicity,5 yet they may well be oc- curring quite frequently, unrecognized, in the course of quinidine therapy. Material and MethodsThe report is based on eight cases wiith re- petitive ventricular arrhythmias occurring during conversion of chronic atrial arrhythmias with quinidine, or after conversion of such arrhythmias by electric atrial defibrillation.These cases were observed during a 4-year period in this unit.While the exact number of courses of quinidine administered to patients with atrial arrhyth-
Position- and base pair-specific comparison of p53 mutation spectra in human tumors: elucidation of relationships between organs for cancer etiology.
Authors: W K Lutz, T Fekete, S Vamvakas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

A new approach to analyze the p53 mutation database of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory for a comparison of mutation spectra is described, with the aim of investigating organ specificity of etiological factors and putative organ-to-organ relationships in cancer pathogenesis. The number of entries of each nucleotide- and base-pair substitution-specific mutation was divided by the total number of tumors analyzed. For each organ pair, the difference of the mutation-specific frequency differences was calculated. Resulting values could range from 0 (full concordance) to 2 (full discordance). Skin, lung, and urinary bladder showed highly independent mutation spectra (maximum discordance value = 1.48 for skin versus brain), in agreement with the presence of specific factors responsible for a large number of the respective tumors (UV light, smoking, aromatic amines). The three organs with the smallest sum of discordance values were mammary gland (breast), colon and esophagus. The minimum organ-to-organ discordance value was 0.95, for stomach versus colon. For these organs, common, possibly also endogenous, cancer risk factors could be postulated as contributing to the observed mutation spectrum. The remaining cancers (ovary, sarcoma, leukemia/lymphoma, brain, head and neck, and stomach, in order or increasing discordance) were of intermediate range and showed a mix of values. Reasons for close relationship to some of the other organs and marked differences to others are discussed. Exclusion of the "hot-spot" mutations did not markedly alter the observed relationships, indicating that a putative selective growth advantage does not cover up the etiological basis for the observed mutation spectrum. It is expected that much more insight into carcinogenesis and cancer could be gained by further exploratory analyses of mutation databases.
Thyroid Cancer After Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Authors: George L. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> McDougall's the Editor.—McDougall's letter tabulated 15 patients whose thyroid cancer was diagnosed following iodine-131 therapy of thyrotoxicosis, and then predicts an increasing number of post-iodine 131 thyroid carcinoma. Recent literature indicates that thyroid cancer is more frequently seen in patients with thyrotoxicosis. In 1966, Olen (<i>Arch Pathol</i>81:531, 1966) reported 53 thyroid cancers in 2,114 thyrotoxic glands studied histologically—an incidence of 2.5%. Forty-two of these cancers were found in toxic diffuse goiters. Ashkar has reported no thyroid carcinoma following iodine-131 therapy of 235 thyrotoxic patients; of 120 patients with subtotal thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, four developed thyroid carcinoma. He reports worldwide experience with "several hundred thousand thyrotoxicosis patients" of all ages treated with radioactive iodine. Sokal (154:1321, 1954) found that 9.6% of persons with thyroid cancer had a history of hyperthyroidism, whereas hyperthyroidism historically is to be found in 0.2% to 0.5% of the population. This suggests a
Hyperlipidemia in Children Following Long-term Hemodialysis or Renal Transplantation
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Coronary atherosclerosis, causing ischemic heart disease (IHD), figures prominently in world mortality statistics. Many reports have indicated that the incidence of IHD may be influenced by heredity or exogenous factors or a combination of both. 1 Whether inherited or acquired, hyperlipidemia has been shown, clinically as well as experimentally, to favor development of coronary atherosclerosis. For example, Cohn et al 2 measured serum lipid levels in 100 consecutive patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and 100 consecutive patients with completely normal coronary arteriograms. The coronary artery disease group had significantly higher serum lipid levels, especially of cholesterol.  Ghosh et al 3 and Casaretto et al 4 found a new cause for hyperlipidemia in adults who had undergone renal transplantation, and Lowrie et al 5 reported that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of mortality in adult transplant recipients. In the current issue of the American Journal of
The effects of diltiazem and reduced serum ionized calcium on ischemic ventricular fibrillation in the dog.
Authors: W T Clusin, M R Bristow, D S Baim, J S Schroeder, P Jaillon, P Brett, D C Harrison
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Calcium influx blockers reportedly suppress ventricular arrhythmias during acute ischemia. We therefore studied the effects of diltiazem and reduced serum ionized calcium on ventricular fibrillation (VF) in a reversible ligation model. VF was produced at 15-minute intervals by simultaneous occlusion of the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries of 31 dogs. Time from coronary occlusion to onset of VF showed no significant variation during 15 consecutive trials in six dogs that received saline alone. Intravenous infusion of diltiazem (0.02 mg/kg per min) markedly delayed the onset of VF in each of 10 dogs (P less than 0.0001). Mean VF latency increased from 138 to 295 seconds during a 45-minute diltiazem infusion, declined exponentially when the infusion ceased, and was strongly correlated with serum diltiazem concentration (r = 0.96, P less than 10(-6)). In five dogs, hemodynamic measurements, including coronary venous blood flow, were performed during each occlusion. The increase in VF latency by diltiazem was not due to increased coronary flow during occlusion or to reduction of left ventricular (LV) mechanical work. In six dogs, mean serum ionized calcium, [Ca++], was reduced from 1.11 to 0.59 mM by infusion of sodium citrate. Citrate infusion increased mean VF latency from 155 to 243 seconds, and the increase observed in each dog was correlated (r = 0.84, P less than 10(-6)) with the reduction in [Ca++]. VF latency was unaffected by lidocaine in nine dogs. The antifibrillatory effect of diltiazem during global LV ischemia may be an electrophysiological phenomenon related to reduction of cellular calcium influx.
Transmission of hepatitis C: Sexual, vertical or exclusively blood-borne?
Authors: Nancy Bach, Henry C. Bodenheimer
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Serum samples from eight pregnant women and their offspring were studied by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA to evaluate mother-to-child transmission of this virus. The mothers were all infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); none showed symptoms of HCV infection. Anti-HCV antibodies were tested for by recombinant immunoblot assay. HCV viral sequences were found in five of the mothers and four of eight children, three of them at birth. Viremia was persistent in one infant who had chronic transaminase elevation and persistently remained anti-HCV-positive. The other three babies had intermittent viremia; all were asymptomatic and lost anti-HCV antibodies during follow-up. This loss of antibodies was also observed in PCR-negative infants. Thus, these results demonstrate transmission of HCV from mother to child by women coinfected with HCV and HIV. They indicate the usefulness of PCR for direct and early detection of HCV viremia in neonates. Body fluids from 14 patients with chronic hepatitis C were analyzed for the presence of hepatitis C viral RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic acids were extracted from serum, saliva, and semen in guanidinium thiocyanate, subjected to reverse transcription, and then amplified by a double polymerase chain reaction technique using “nested” primers from the highly conserved 5′ noncoding region of the hepatitis C virus genome. Hepatitis C viral RNA was found in the serum of all patients in titers ranging between 10−1 and 10−3. The hepatitis C viral genome was not detected in any saliva or semen sample. These findings suggest that body fluids of patients with chronic hepatitis C are rarely, if ever, contaminated with the hepatitis C virus. This may help to explain the infrequent transmission of this disease by sexual or close physical contact.
Destruction of the Protective Protein in Rice
Authors: M. C. Harding
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —I have followed with great interest the series of articles bearing on the etiology of beriberi appearing inThe Journalof late. The field seems to be about equally divided between the adherents of spoiled rice and polished rice, with the latter claiming the most attention because of scientific demonstrations. As yet I have failed to note where any writer has brought out the one obvious point which will harmonize the two theories. Rice spoiled under conditions of heat and moisture certainly does cause beriberi in many cases—but such rice is deprived of its protective protein (if such it be) by spoiling as thoroughly as by polishing. This is not the case in every instance, as some forms of molds may render rice unfit for food without much destruction. Beriberi is almost unknown in this part of Korea, the climate being too dry to cause extensive spoiling,
Impairment of gastric mucosal defenses measuredin vivo in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Yasuhiro Nishizaki, Jonathan D. Kaunitz, Masaya Oda, Paul H. Guth
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Patients with cirrhosis have an increased incidence of gastric ulcers and erosions. We evaluated the effect of carbon tetrachloride—induced cirrhosis on rat gastric mucosal defense mechanisms using our recently developed in vivo fluorescence microscopy technique. Cirrhotic rats had increased portal vein pressure, increased serum aminotransferase concentrations and decreased serum albumin concentrations. We noted significantly more spontaneous gross gastric lesions in the cirrhotic rats. In vivo microscopic measurements revealed that cirrhotic rats had (a) a significantly thinner gastric mucous gel layer, (b) a much greater decrease in surface mucosal cell intracellular pH in response to an acid load, (c) decreased gastric mucosal blood flow and (d) decreased surface cell viability. We conclude that spontaneous gastric mucosal lesions in cirrhotic rats may be related to more rapid penetration of acid through a thinner gastric mucous gel layer and a lower mucosal blood flow. These changes are associated with a decreased ability of the surface cells to maintain intracellular pH homeostasis, increased initial gastric surface cell acidification, decreased surface cell viability and a lower blood flow that probably is inadequate to remove the increased acid. (Hepatology 1994;20:445-452.)
Finger clubbing and a glioma.
Authors: A M Whiteley, P R Humphrey
Journal: BMJ (1977)

dosing.Urine was collected during 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-12, and 12-24 hours after dosing.Ampicillin was assayed in serum and urine by a microbiological assay.3Urine samples were also assayed for penicilloic acid.4Results were analysed by a two-way analysis of variance.Significant differences between mean values were determined by Duncan's multiple range test as appropriate. CommentThe finger clubbing had clearly developed in two months and none of the recognised causes of clubbing was found despite a careful postmortem study.' -3 The fibrotic liver lesions were years old and on 23 July
Betting on a Malaria Vaccine
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Sometime within the next two years, clinical researchers are expected to begin inoculating at least 2000 African infants in the largest trial ever undertaken of an experimental vaccine for malaria. The planned efficacy trial will mark a milestone in the multidecade effort to make a vaccine against one of the world's greatest killers of children. It also represents a high-stakes gamble for the company hoping to license the product, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, as well as for funding agencies and the international research community. If the vaccine — known as RTS,S — is found to reduce significantly the rates of death and . . .
Hybrid Renal Cell Carcinomas Containing Histopathologic Features of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinomas and Oncocytomas Have Excellent Oncologic Outcomes
Authors: Matthias Waldert, Tobias Klatte, Andrea Haitel, Mehmet Ozsoy, Joerg Schmidbauer, Michael Marberger, Mesut Remzi
Journal: European Urology (2009)
A Unique Forensic Diagnostic Hospital
Authors: NORMAN C. JABLON, ROBERT L. SADOFF, MELVIN S. HELLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The authors describe a special maximum security facility established to provide comprehensive psychiatric evaluation of defendants and present results of studies on 200 patients examined over a two-year period. The uniqueness of this hospital lies in its specially trained staff working over a prolonged period of time with highly selected patients exhibiting volatile behavior.
Building a Bridge to Heart Transplantation
Authors: Dale G. Renlund
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

He who saves one life, saves the world entire.— Hebrew proverb, quoted inThomas Keneally, Schindler's List End-stage heart failure, characterized by marked symptoms at rest or with minimal activity despite optimal therapy, is designated as stage D heart failure. Frequent, recurring exacerbations may often be treated successfully, but decline is inevitable and life expectancy with medical therapy alone is short (survival rates are below 50 percent at one to two years) (see Figure). The addition of palliative measures, such as continuous infusions of inotropic drugs and hospice-like care, may be considered. Cardiac transplantation or permanent mechanical circulatory support . . .
Increased Foot Pressures After Great Toe Amputation in Diabetes
Authors: Lawrence A Lavery, David C Lavery, Terri L Quebedeax-Farnham
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To compare peak pressures on the sole of the foot in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with isolated, unilateral amputations of the great toe and first metatarsal with the patients' contralateral, intact foot. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven patients with a unilateral great toe and partial first metatarsal amputation of at least 6 months duration were evaluated with the F-Scan in-shoe pressure measurement system. Patients were studied in the same brand and style of footwear—a thin, rubber-soled, canvas boat shoe. We compared mean peak plantar foot pressures under the first metatarsal, lesser metatarsals, lesser toes, and heel in feet with and without a great toe amputation using the Wilcoxon's matched pairs signed-rank test. RESULTS Peak foot pressures were significantly higher under the first metatarsal head (P = 0.046), lesser metatarsal heads (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and toes (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in feet with a great toe amputation compared with the contralateral foot without an amputation. Pressure under the heel was higher on the contralateral foot (P &amp;lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS After a great toe amputation, pressure distribution of the foot is significantly altered. Because preamputation risk factors such as peripheral neuropathy, foot deformity, and limited joint mobility for many of these patients remain unchanged, an increase in foot pressures contributes to an increased risk of reulceration and reamputation in these patients.
EXPERIENCE WITH TRIFLUOPERAZINE IN THE TREATMENT OF 100 CHRONIC ANERGIC SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: LEON REZNIKOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

1. One hundred chronic anergic schizophrenics refractory to all previous therapy had been treated with trifluoperazine over a period of 3 to 12 months. 2. Twenty-one patients improved sufficiently well to be released from the hospital for convalescent care, another 35 patients made a fairly good institutional adjustment to the extent that they are participating actively in occupational and recreational departments; 44 remained unimproved. 3. Forty patients developed extrapyramidal symptoms, easily controlled by Artane, Cogentin or Aidneton. 4. The optimal dose had to be determined for each patient on an individual basis; some patients relapsed in a few days, if dosage was markedly reduced or discontinued, indicating that for these patients trifluoperazine therapy will have to be continued indefinitely. 5. No cases of jaundice, skin rash or agranulocytosis developed in any of these patients even after 12 months on the drug. No marked changes in weight or blood pressure were observed.
2-Year Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes From a Randomized Trial of Polymer-Free Dual Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Polymer-Based Cypher and Endeavor, Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Robert A. Byrne, Adnan Kastrati, Klaus Tiroch, Stefanie Schulz, Jürgen Pache, Susanne Pinieck, Steffen Massberg, Melchior Seyfarth, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Katrin A. Birkmeier, Albert Schömig, Julinda Mehilli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Listeriosis after 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine Treatment
Authors: Ricardo T. Spielberger, Wendy Stock, Richard A. Larson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: Infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes have been described in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Cases have also occurred after treatment with prednisone combined with the purine analogue fludarabine1. We have been conducting a phase I trial of another purine analogue, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, given intravenously as a one-hour bolus dose for five days. This drug is effective in patients with CLL refractory to fludarabine2. We describe here a patient with CLL in whom listeriosis developed after treatment with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. A 68-year-old woman with an eight-year history of CLL had been treated during the previous six years . . .