tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective analysis of antiribonucleoprotein antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: B Bresnihan, R Grigor, G R Hughes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

A prospective analysis of 50 successive patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, seen over a 4-year period, has been completed. 336 sera were examined for the presence of antibody to ribonucleoprotein using a counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay. Antibody was present in the sera of 16% of patients and was detectable in about the same titre throughout the course of the disease. The presence of the antibody did not appear to identify a subgroup of lupus patients with individual clinical characteristics.
Relation of serum sialic acid to lipid concentrations.
Authors: I. Wakabayashi, K. Sakamoto, S. Yoshimoto, H. Masui
Journal: BMJ (1992)

CommentAlthough the small numbers make conclusive claims hazardous, these data do not substantiate a large increase in unprotected anal intercourse.One reason may be rises in oro-anal and anal-digital contact which impugn the validity of rectal gonorrhoea as a surrogate marker for HIV risk behaviour.Almost a fifth ofmen who tested antibody positive in this study were not clinic attenders.Just under a sixth of positive men became infected after the government campaigns began in 1986-7.Health promotion for gay and bisexual men remains a priority, and initia- tives which concentrate on HIV transmission within relationships should be encouraged.
Z-DNA-specific antibodies in human systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: E M Lafer, R P Valle, A Möller, A Nordheim, P H Schur, A Rich, B D Stollar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Naturally occurring antibodies to left-handed Z-DNA have been shown to be present in the sera of human patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These antibodies are of two types. One type reacts with both denatured DNA and Z-DNA. The other type is specific for Z-DNA and remained in the serum after removal of the cross-reactive antibody by extensive absorption on a denatured DNA affinity column. The antibodies appear to be specific for SLE and do not appear frequently in other rheumatic diseases. The presence of the antibody in SLE is correlated with the clinical manifestations of the disease, in parallel with antibodies to native and denatured DNA.
Comparison of effects of three anesthetic agents on induction of ventricular tachycardia in a canine model of myocardial infarction.
Authors: G B Hunt, D L Ross
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The effects of three anesthetic agents on the inducibility of ventricular tachycardia by programmed stimulation were investigated in dogs with a surgically induced left ventricular infarct. Endocardial catheter electrodes were placed at the right ventricular apex under general anesthesia at least 2 weeks after infarction, and the dogs were allowed to recover for 24 hours before undergoing programmed stimulation in the conscious state on two occasions 2 hours apart. A protocol of programmed stimulation with up to seven ventricular extrastimuli was used. In 15 animals, ventricular tachycardia was inducible on both occasions with 3.4 +/- 0.4 (mean +/- SEM; range, 1-5) extrastimuli. Two hours after baseline conscious induction, the dogs were anesthetized with either halothane, pentobarbital, or a fixed combination of fentanyl-droperidol plus nitrous oxide. Halothane prolonged the PR interval from 99 +/- 4 to 117 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.001) and the ventricular effective refractory period from 140 +/- 4 to 157 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.008). The ability to induce ventricular tachycardia was abolished in five of 10 animals (p less than 0.05). In the animals that remained inducible, the cycle length of tachycardia increased from 153 +/- 10 to 168 +/- 10 msec (p = 0.015), while the number of extrastimuli required was unaltered. Pentobarbital prolonged the PR interval from 104 +/- 6 to 124 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.004) and the QTc interval from 270 +/- 10 to 310 +/- 6 msec (p = 0.006). Ventricular tachycardia remained inducible in only six of 10 dogs (p less than 0.05) with no change in cycle length or the number of extrastimuli required. Ventricular fibrillation was inducible in an additional three dogs with a number of extrastimuli similar to that required to induce ventricular tachycardia before anesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
More than 12 million adults in England will be obese by 2010
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A third of men and more than a quarter of women will be obese by 2010, predicts the “most accurate estimate so far” of the future prevalence of obesity in England.

This will mean that more than 12 million adults and one million children will be obese in England within four years if nothing is done to reverse the trend, says a report published by the Department of Health last week.

The government's report …
Risk and protective factors for meningococcal disease in adolescents: matched cohort study
Authors: Joanna Tully, Russell M Viner, Pietro G Coen, James M Stuart, Maria Zambon, Catherine Peckham, Clare Booth, Nigel Klein, Ed Kaczmarski, Robert Booy
Journal: BMJ (2006)

To examine biological and social risk factors for meningococcal disease in adolescents.Prospective, population based, matched cohort study with controls matched for age and sex in 1:1 matching. Controls were sought from the general practitioner.Six contiguous regions of England, which represent some 65% of the country's population.15-19 year olds with meningococcal disease recruited at hospital admission in six regions (representing 65% of the population of England) from January 1999 to June 2000, and their matched controls.Blood samples and pernasal and throat swabs were taken from case patients at admission to hospital and from cases and matched controls at interview. Data on potential risk factors were gathered by confidential interview. Data were analysed by using univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression.144 case control pairs were recruited (74 male (51%); median age 17.6). 114 cases (79%) were confirmed microbiologically. Significant independent risk factors for meningococcal disease were history of preceding illness (matched odds ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 5.9), intimate kissing with multiple partners (3.7, 1.7 to 8.1), being a university student (3.4, 1.2 to 10) and preterm birth (3.7, 1.0 to 13.5). Religious observance (0.09, 0.02 to 0.6) and meningococcal vaccination (0.12, 0.04 to 0.4) were associated with protection.Activities and events increasing risk for meningococcal disease in adolescence are different from in childhood. Students are at higher risk. Altering personal behaviours could moderate the risk. However, the development of further effective meningococcal vaccines remains a key public health priority.
Hans Krebs: Architect of Intermediary Metabolism 1933-1937
Authors: Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This is the second and concluding volume of Holmes' biography of Hans Krebs. Holmes has chosen not to recount the next 44 years of Krebs' life, as the year 1937 marks the beginning of another phase. At that time Krebs stopped working at the bench and carried out his research through a group of technicians, graduate students, and fellows, assembled under his leadership. This volume begins with Krebs' arrival in England in 1933 as a refugee from Nazi Germany and his going to work in Hopkins' laboratory in Cambridge, where he continued to pursue the themes he developed in Germany using techniques learned in Warburg's laboratory. The author shares in detail almost every day of Krebs' laboratory notebook entries on his experiments, annotated by Holmes' own interpretations and an occasional comment by Krebs from interviews conducted in 1977. Notable life events described are Krebs' move from Cambridge to Sheffield; protracted,
DIATHERMY IN EPIDIDYMITIS
Authors: William T. Belfield
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —Prof. Carl R. Moore of the University of Chicago has recently shown that heating of the testis causes in various mammals (ram, guinea-pig) destruction of the spermatic tubules and consequent arrest of sperm production. He says, After exposure to 47 C. [117 F.] for five minutes, the testis, at the end of five days, is devoid of tubules that approach normal ones (Am. J. Anat., Nov. 15, 1924, p. 351).  Diathermy, with the production of a much higher temperature for a much longer period than those found destructive to animal testes by Moore, has been recommended for the treatment of epididymitis in man, apparently without warning as to the possibility of damage to the underlying testis. In one case, small testes and azoospermia were subsequently noted—whether due to diathermy or other cause could not then be determined.
Preregistration house officers in general practice
Authors: J. Wilton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To obtain from house officers who had rotated through general practice in their preregistration year their views about their experience; and, separately, to compare the overall hours and type of work performed by hospital based and general practice based house officers. <b>Design</b>: Postal questionnaire; and self recording of working hours and duties during four consecutive weeks. <b>Setting</b>: Inner London teaching hospital and nearby general practice. <b>Participants</b>: 28 preregistration house officers in general practice, 1981–91; and 12 preregistration house officers, four each in medicine, surgery, and general practice. <b>Results</b>: 26 out of 28 questionnaires were returned (response rate 93%). Twelve respondents were following or thinking of following a career in general practice. Twenty five respondents were satisfied with the clinical and educational aspects of the general practice rotation and would recommend the rotation, and 25 thought four months was about the right length of time in general practice. With regard to hours and type of work performed, hospital based house officers worked on average 55.5 hours a week (excluding on call), with an average of 12.5 hours (22.5%) spent in clinical activities; general practice based house officers worked about 41 hours a week, of which 24 hours (58%) were in clinical activities. House officers in hospital received less than one hour9s specific teaching a week; those in general practice received nearly three hours9 a week. <b>Conclusions</b>: A preregistration rotation in general practice is a popular alternative to the hospital based rotation. Although this is a limited study, other medical schools should consider introducing general practice options for preregistration house officers. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Doctors who rotated through the scheme in the first 10 years and responded to a questionnaire thought that all medical schools should offer rotations in general practice All but one of the respondents thought that four months in general practice was "about right" and did not miss the four months in hospital Further investigations of general practice rotation showed that general practice based house officers worked fewer hours than hospital based house officers but did more clinical work, received more individual teaching, and had more responsibility Other medical schools should consider introducing rotations in general practice
SHORT- AND LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF SYSTEMATIC PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WHO DEVELOP CARDIOGENIC SHOCK AFTER A ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI)
Authors: Bethany E. Durling, Michel R. Le May, Derek Y. So, Michael P.V. Frö;eschl, Edward R. O’Brien, Marino Labinaz, Jean-François Marquis, Melissa Fong, George A. Wells, Chris A. Glover
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A CASE OF ABSENCE OF UTERUS.
Authors: O. M. DOYLE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In September last I was requested to examine a colored woman under a warrant for insanity. She had been married about ten years and had never been pregnant. On inquiry, it was learned that she had never menstruated. Examination revealed a hymen intact; very dense and tough. This condition seemed a probable explanation of all the symptoms present, and it was determined that an operation was indicated. In presence of, and assisted by Drs. J. S. Stribling and H. R. Hines, I proceeded to operate for what I supposed an imperfect hymen only. After opening the tissues ordinarily making the structure, I failed to reach a cavity beyond; and by keeping one finger in the rectum as a guide, continued the dissection in the proper direction for the vagina, until at a depth of three or three and a half inches, a small opening or cul-de-sac was found; and, protruding
The Cyclin-dependent Kinase Cdk2 Regulates Thymocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Anne Hakem, Takehiko Sasaki, Ivona Kozieradzki, Josef M. Penninger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Aberrant activation of cell cycle molecules has been postulated to play a role in apoptosis (“catastrophic cell cycle”). Here we show that in noncycling developing thymocytes, the cyclin- dependent kinase Cdk2 is activated in response to all specific and nonspecific apoptotic stimuli tested, including peptide-specific thymocyte apoptosis. Cdk2 was found to function upstream of the tumor suppressor p53, transactivation of the death promoter Bax, alterations of mitochondrial permeability, Bcl-2, caspase activation, and caspase-dependent proteolytic cleavage of the retinoblastoma protein. Inhibition of Cdk2 completely protected thymocytes from apoptosis, mitochondrial changes, and caspase activation. These data provide the first evidence that Cdk2 activity is crucial for the induction of thymocyte apoptosis.
VIBRIONIC ENTERITIS IN CALVES
Authors: F. S. Jones, Ralph B. Little
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

An intestinal disorder of calves has been described. The clinical manifestations are usually observed in calves 2 or more weeks old. Our experiments indicate that infection may take place relatively early in life and may for a time produce only a mild reaction, but as the disease becomes more chronic the clinical manifestations become more pronounced. The anterior portion of the jejunum is the primary locus of infection but in more chronic cases practically the whole small intestine may be involved. Vibrios were cultivated from the inflamed intestinal mucosa in both the acute and more chronic spontaneous cases. Vibrios were also obtained from the acutely involved intestine of young calves experimentally exposed to natural infection. On three occasions similar vibrios were found in cultures from the liver. When a single strain of vibrios which had been under cultivation for 3 months was fed to a young calf subclinical infection was produced and the organism recovered. This strain after three passages on media when fed to a calf produced a severe inflammation of the jejunum and ileum and from these areas the organism was recovered.
Human papillomavirus 16 DNA in NIH3T3 cells transformed by colonic cancer cellular DNA.
Authors: J Y Cheng, C L Meng, C F Chao, S D Gau, J C Lin
Journal: Gut (1993)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA is closely associated with human cancers. It has been identified as an aetiological agent in cervical cancers and, recently, in colonic neoplasms. To further understand the role of HPV 16 DNA in colorectal carcinogenesis, NIH3T3 cells were transformed with high molecular weight DNA from colonic cancer cells and the expression of HPV 16 DNA detected. Both human Alu and HPV 16 DNA sequences were found in the type II foci of CC-M2T cells by Southern blot hybridisation. Additionally, 100% tumorigenicity in nude mice was seen. This study shows the transfection of HPV DNA from colonic cancers into NIH3T3 mouse cells and suggests that HPV type 16 might be associated with the malignant transformation of colonic cells.
Book Review Combating Teen Smoking: Research and Policy Strategies By Peter D. Jacobson, Paula M. Lantz, Kenneth E. Warner, Jeffrey Wasserman, Harold A. Pollack, and Alexis K. Ahlstrom. 299 pp. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2001. $21.95. 0-472-06771-0
Authors: Jonathan Samet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)
Magnetic endoscopic imaging as an adjuvant to elective colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Anders Mark-Christensen, Søren Brandsborg, Lene Iversen
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The use of magnetic endoscopic imaging (MEI) to visualize scope configuration in three dimensions is thought to increase procedural efficiency and diminish discomfort associated with colonoscopy. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the performance of MEI in colonoscopy. <b>Methods: </b>The electronic databases Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library of Randomized Trials were searched. Methodological quality was assessed using the Jadad score. Odds ratios (OR) or risk differences for dichotomous variables and mean differences for continuous outcomes were calculated with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). <b>Results: </b>A total of 13 randomized studies met eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis. MEI was associated with a significantly lower risk of failed cecal intubation (risk difference 4 %, 95 %CI 0 % – 7 %; <i>P</i> = 0.03), lower cecal intubation time (mean difference 0.58 minutes, 95 %CI 0.28 – 0.88; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and lower pain scores as estimated by visual analog scales (mean difference 0.45 cm, 95 %CI 0.03 – 0.86; <i>P</i> = 0.03) compared with conventional colonoscopy. On subgroup stratification of outcome according to endoscopist experience, failure rates were unaffected, but experienced colonoscopists reduced intubation times with MEI (mean difference 0.78 minutes, 95 %CI 0.12 – 1.43; <i>P</i> = 0.02). Sensitivity analyses of high-quality studies (Jadad score ≥ 3) showed no significant difference in failure rate (risk difference 4 %, 95 %CI 0 % – 8 %; <i>P</i> = 0.07) or intubation time (mean difference 0.56 minutes, 95 %CI – 0.15 to 1.28; <i>P</i> = 0.12). <b>Conclusion: </b>Adjuvant MEI is associated with a lower failure risk and shorter time to cecal intubation during elective colonoscopy compared with conventional colonoscopy.
Missile Injuries Due to Power Lawn Mowers
Authors: Eric M. Chazen, John L. Chamberlain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN this age of the missile one does not have to look to space for flying objects. Since the introduction of the rotary lawn mower, there has been a rising incidence of injury resulting from direct contact with the moving parts or from objects hurled from the moving machine. Diagnosis is not a problem with direct injury. When injuries are due to missiles, the cause is often overlooked unless the physician is careful to consider it as a possibility in differential diagnosis.Case ReportsCase 1. J.K., a 16-month-old white male infant, was first admitted to Vanderbilt University Hospital when . . .
Traffic Trouble: Study Links Diabetes to Vehicular Pollution
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Research in China Assesses ExposuresHuman activities such as mining, smelting, and coal combustion dis perse mercury that can be methylated by bacteria to produce methyl mercury, a potent neurotoxicant.Methylating bacteria thrive in aquatic sediments rich in organic matter, and methylmercury biomagnification eventually leads to heavy contamination of top predators, including fish consumed by humans.Although fish and seafood are the most common dietary sources of methylmercury worldwide, new research from China demonstrates that rice, a staple food for billions, can be a primary source of methylmercury in areas where there is substantial inorganic mercury pollution, with calculated exposure exceeding cur rent tolerable daily intakes [EHP 118( 9):1183-1188; Zhang et al.].The research was conducted in four regions in Guizhou province, an area of inland China with rich deposits of cinnabar (a mercury ore).Mercury mining and smelting have led to heavy pollution in Wanshan, while zinc smelting and coal combustion, which also release mercury, are the main contributors in Weining and Qingzhen, respectively.The fourth region, Leigong, is a remote nature reserve selected to represent an area with no sources of direct mercury contamination.Methylmercury and total mercury exposure through drinking water, diet, and respiration were assessed for adults in the four regions.Previous sampling provided data for air, water, fish, meat, and poultry, while agricultural products (rice, corn, and vegetables), drinking water from Wanshan and Leigong, and total gaseous mercury in Wanshan were newly evaluated in this study.These data were collectively used to calculate probable daily intakes for the general adult population.In all regions rice, vegetables, and meat (not including poultry and fish) accounted for 89-97% of total mercury exposure, whereas rice consumption accounted for 94-96% of methylmercury exposure.Fish contributed little; most of the fish consumed here are farmed species that grow rapidly and eat a diet that precludes significant methyl mercury bioaccumulation.
Reorganisation of public health in England is "a terrible mess," conference hears
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The relations between the many organisations involved in public health in England in the wake of the Health and Social Care Act remain to be worked out, a leading official at the Department of Health has admitted.

Ann Goodwin, project manager for the Public Health England transition team, speaking at a Westminster Health Forum seminar in London on 5 July, said that further design work was needed and that there were potentially “a host of different ways” in which local authorities—given responsibility for public health under the act—could relate to Public Health England, the NHS Commissioning Board, and the new local health and wellbeing boards. She urged people to respond with their suggestions to a consultation launched by Public Health England.

But John Ashton, a long serving director of public health from northwest England, said that, with the consultation closing on 6 July, far too little time had been allowed for responses. “It’s a mess, …
Abnormal Pelvic Venous Collaterals Demonstrated During A Gastrointestinal Bleeding Study
Authors: GARY A. KRASICKY, JERRY W. FROELICH, P C SHETTY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A Tc-99m blood cell study, performed on a patient with suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, demonstrated an unusual configuration of pelvic venous collaterals associated with idiopathic iliac vein occlusion. The cause of these findings subsequently was confirmed by intravenous digital subtraction angiography. This case demonstrates the importance of the dynamic phase of gastrointestinal bleeding studies in correctly identifying vascular abnormalities.