tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tissue slices in the study of lung metabolism and toxicology.
Authors: B A Freeman, J J O'Neil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Lung tissue slices are model systems for the study of pulmonary metabolism. Because of the speed and simplicity of slice preparation, lung slices have been used in studies of oxygen, amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid utilization and adenine nucleotide metabolism. Dose-response characteristics for toxicants are readily described because multiple lung samples can be studied from the same animal or a population of animals. Lung slices prepared from animals exposed to oxidant air pollutants exhibit alterations in respiration, glucose consumption and lipid metabolism. These studies have indicated both direct toxic effects of air pollutants on enzyme systems and also air pollutant-induced changes in the cellularity of lungs.
One in 10 suicides is among people with a physical illness
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A report on the link between suicide and physical ill health has found that one in 10 people who take their own life is chronically or terminally ill.

The report, by think tank Demos, is one of the first such comprehensive studies to look at the links between suicide and physical ill health. It says that the figure, which came from coroners and primary care trusts (PCTs), is likely to be a substantial underestimate because coroners do not always include the relevant health information with their inquest reports.

Demos believes that the findings provide strong evidence that people with chronic and terminal illnesses should be regarded as a high risk group for suicide and should be given better “medical, practical, and psychological support.”

Researchers sent freedom of information requests to all PCTs in …
Aureomycin in Treatment of Peritonitis
Authors: C. A. Bailey, C. V. Jumeaux
Journal: BMJ (1950)

exposed to the same adverse conditions: nine soldiers developed symptoms within a few hours of a five-mile march in heavy rain, and other groups attributed their illness to a chilling consequent upon the over-zealous opening of windows in the sleeping quarters.Stuart-Harris suggested that meteorological factors might determine the onset of an influenzal outbreak.We therefore obtained details from local Air Force stations of the conditions prevailing during January and February, 1949.No dramatic changes of temperature were associated with the onset or the peak of either epidemic, but rain fell on each day of the week preceding the peaks of both epidemics. DiscussionThese two outbreaks differ from those commonly reported in this country (Stuart-Harris, 1945) in that recruits and seasoned men were equally affected when living under comparable conditions.This finding suggests that the community had no recent experience of the infec- tive agent.The new antigenic strain of virus which we reported had rarely been experienced in this country and would have been expected to provoke an equal incidence among recruits and trained men.We did not prove, however, that this strain was responsible for the epidemic as a whole.Furthermore, the American workers claim that the incidence of Virus A influenza of the usual antigenic types is not determined by the duration of residence in the community.This implies that Virus A influenza may not be an endemic disease.The behaviour of future epidemics in this country may be of interest in this connexion, but no definite conclusions can be drawn from the limited evidence which we have presented.Differences of environment rather than of host susceptibility determined the variability of the American outbreaks, and overcrowding was responsible for the higher infection rate in certain groups.Our experience is similar, but exposure to cold seemed to play a greater part than cross- infection.SummaryThe incidence of influenza (Virus A) among troops in the Highland District of Scotland during January and February, 1949, is reported.Epidemics were confined to two training centres.The form of these two outbreaks and the factors affecting the incidence and spread of infection are discussed.Clinical features, laboratory investigations, and treatment are also described.
False positive salivary HIV test.
Authors: D. F. Morris
Journal: BMJ (1992)

cardinal symptoms of a pharyngeal pouch also include spontaneous regurgitation, weight loss, and dysphagia.2Barium swallow is the principal means of diagnosing both oesophageal achalasia3 and pharyngeal pouch.Moreover, there is a very real risk of a traumatic oesophageal perforation as a result of entering an unknown pouch, even with a flexible endoscope.Barium swallow is a simple, non-traumatic, cheap, and safe outpatient in- vestigation suitable for most patients with suspected oesophageal pathology, and traumatic oesophageal perforation due to endoscopy in the absence of a barium swallow would be difficult to defend.
Handbook of Osteopathic Technique
Authors: R. Hackney
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Section III deals with treatment approaches to restore normal move- ment of the foot and ankle using orthotics, physiotherapy or surgery.The chapter covering the fabrication of orthotic devices, which is supple- mented by some interesting case studies, is bound to be of interest to various disciplines involved with the treatment of foot and ankle problems.This book forms part of a series of monographs covering Contemporary Perspectives in Rehabilitation.The objective of this series is to provide compre- hensive and clinically relevant presen- tations which are challenging for both the student and clinician.This volume clearly achieves this objective.
Genetic Heterogeneity of Hyperpepsinogenemic I and Normopepsinogenemic I Duodenal Ulcer Disease
Authors: JEROME I. ROTTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In a search for a genetic marker of duodenal ulcer, we measured serum pepsinogen I levels in 168 ulcer patients and 151 of their clinically normal siblings. The ulcer patients tended to have either hyperpepsinogenemia I (pepsinogen I, ≥ 100 ng/mL) or a normal level on a familial basis. Further evidence supporting this separation was the finding that the mean serum pepsinogen I level in the clinically normal siblings of the hyperpepsinogenemic patients was 91.2 ng/mL, significantly higher than the mean level (63.1 ng/mL) in the normal siblings of the normopepsinogenemic I patients. In the hyperpepsinogenemic I families the results of segregation analysis of an elevated pepsinogen I were consistent with autosomal-dominant inheritance of this trait. The genetic basis of normopepsinogenemic I duodenal ulcer was also shown by the familial aggregation of this disorder. These data provide direct evidence for genetic heterogeneity of duodenal ulcer disease.
Effects of intracoronary infusion of peripheral blood stem-cells mobilised with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on left ventricular systolic function and restenosis after coronary stenting in myocardial infarction: the MAGIC cell randomised clinical trial
Authors: Hyun-Jae Kang, Hyo-Soo Kim, Shu-Ying Zhang, Kyung-Woo Park, Hyun-Jai Cho, Bon-Kwon Koo, Yong-Jin Kim, Dong Soo Lee, Dae-Won Sohn, Kyou-Sup Han, Byung-Hee Oh, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Bae Park
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
ON REDUCTION OF DISLOCATIONS BY MANIPULATION.
Authors: M. M. LOUIS HUTCHINSON
Journal: JAMA (1884)

I would wish to invite your attention to the reduction of dislocations by manipulation, in the hope that others, becoming interested in the matter, might assist us by their information and experience. When we consider that it is the most scientific method of procedure, inasmuch as for its skilful and successful application it entails a knowledge of anatomy and mechanics; and that it possesses the advantages of being easily applied without distress to the patient, and with such little exertion on the part of the surgeon that he can usually dispense with any assistance, and that, moreover, in the event of its failure the other methods can be tried immediately after; surely it is a subject worthy of more attention than it would seem to receive at present. It is seldom made the theme of a lecture, clinical or other; the text-books award it only a fleeting notice, and consequently
RGB marking facilitates multicolor clonal cell tracking
Authors: Kristoffer Weber, Michael Thomaschewski, Michael Warlich, Tassilo Volz, Kerstin Cornils, Birte Niebuhr, Maike Täger, Marc Lütgehetmann, Jörg-Matthias Pollok, Carol Stocking, Maura Dandri, Daniel Benten, Boris Fehse
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Systematic review of the treatment of established recurrent hepatitis C with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin
Authors: Marina Berenguer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

The aim of our study was to conduct a systematic review of studies evaluating antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) alfa in combination with ribavirin for the management of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Data sources included electronic databases and a manual search. Studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of PEG-IFN alfa with ribavirin in patients with recurrent hepatitis C were selected for inclusion. The information extracted from each of the selected publications included study design details, patient characteristics, treatment regimens and efficacy and tolerability end points. Nineteen studies including 611 patients were identified. PEG-IFN alfa-2b was used in 16 studies. The mean rate of SVR was 30.2% (range, 8-50%). Dose reduction and discontinuation of treatment were common in these studies (73% and 27.6%, respectively). The lack of an early virologic response (EVR) at 3 months of therapy was the most frequently described predictive factor of nonresponse. Treatment discontinuation and dose reductions due to adverse events were frequent and possibly represent important obstacles to attainment of SVR. EVR at 3 months of treatment should be considered an important predictor of treatment outcome.
Large-Bore Cannulae and Tubing
Authors: A. R. Lavender
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A large-bore arteriovenous shunt for use in chronic hemodialysis and extracorporeal renal transplantation was used on nine patients. The cannula and tubing design minimize turbulence and clotting and provide flow sufficient to perfuse an exteriorized human kidney. The longest implantation to date is 17 months.
Acute Diverticulitis of the Terminal Ileum
Authors: Noel F. Bartone
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Acute diverticulitis of the terminal end of the ileum, which clinically simulated acute appendicitis, developed in a man. At operation, the inflamed mass was indistinguishable from neoplasm. Several ileal diverticula were demonstrated by a series of gastrointestinal x-ray films made seven weeks prior to the onset of acute abdominal symptoms. Since acute diverticulitis of this part of the ileum is quite unusual and unexpected, this diagnosis rarely comes to mind, and it was not considered in this case.
Latin American group created to promote sexual and reproductive health
Authors: Sara Carrillo de Albornoz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Specialists in contraception and reproductive health from Spain and Latin America have set up an organisation to promote the development of sexual and reproductive health in South and Central America.

The Latin American Federation of Contraception (Confederacion Iberoamericana de Contracepcion) was created this month at a meeting in Seville, Spain, attended by the Spanish Society of Contraception (Sociedad Espanola de Contracepcion) with specialists from Chile, Ecuador, Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, and Peru.

The law on reproductive and sexual health in Latin America varies from country …
Cytosolic calcium staircase in cultured myocardial cells.
Authors: H C Lee, W T Clusin
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

To elucidate the mechanism of the tension staircase, chick embryonic myocardial cell aggregates were loaded with the fluorescent cytosolic calcium indicator, indo 1. Fluctuations in indo 1 fluorescence were compared with recordings of cell edge movement during spontaneous beating and during stimulation by intracellular current pulses. Indo 1-loaded aggregates exhibit fluorescence transients during each transmembrane action potential. The rising phase of the transients is rapid, but the decaying phase is slow (several hundred msec) and is similar in time course to the pandiastolic relaxation seen in the optical recordings of cell edge movement. Acceleration of beat frequency by brief depolarizing current pulses produces an ascending staircase in both edge movement and systolic [Ca2+]i. There is a similar staircase in the diastolic [Ca2+]i, which is also reflected by diastolic cell edge movement. The existence of a diastolic [Ca2+]i staircase may provide new insight into the mechanism of the force-frequency relation in the heart.
464 Long-term clinical impact of double core promoter mutations on HBeAg seroconversion and disease progression for genotype C chronic active hepatitis: A 13-year longitudinal study
Authors: J.W. Jang, S.H. Bae, J.Y. Choi, C.W. Kim, S.W. Nam, J.M. Yang, C.D. Lee, Y.S. Lee, S.B. Cha, S.K. Yoon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Boycott threat forces French company to abandon RU486
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Threatened boycotts by American anti-abortion groups have forced the French pharmaceutical company Roussel-Uclaf, a subsidiary of the German company Hoechst, to stop production and distribution of mifepristone (RU-486), which the protesters call "the abortion pill." All patent rights have been transferred, without charge, to Dr. Edouard Sarkiz, one of the pill's developers. Hoechst, which had acquired Marion Pharmaceuticals to form a new group, Hoechst-Marion-Roussel, had increased its share of the US pharmaceutical market from 1% to 4% in doing so and could not tolerate a boycott. RU-486, which was discovered by Professor Etienne Baulieu, was introduced in France in 1987 as an alternative to surgical abortion. Although Hoechst, then a majority stockholder of Roussel-Uclaf, had asked the French firm to interrupt production of the pill in 1988, the French minister of health and social affairs at that time, Claude Evin, ordered production to be continued. Approximately 25% of French women seeking abortion use RU-486; it is also used in Britain, Sweden, and China (women in China must pay for the drug, while surgical abortion is free). All American firms have refused to buy the drug from Roussel-Uclaf. An offer to the World Health Organization was ignored. The American Population Council obtained the right to use RU-486 in 1993. Dr. Sarkiz has formed Exelgyn, a small nonprofit company, to produce and distribute RU-486; research into other uses for the drug will also be conducted. There has been limited research into its use as an emergency contraceptive and as a treatment for endometriosis, uterine fibroma, and breast cancer. According to Professor Baulieu, the drug could be used in treating wounds and burns because of its antiglucocorticoid and immunosuppressive properties; preliminary research by the professor indicates the drug could also possibly be used as a reversible male contraceptive because of its action on the membranes of spermatozoa. The drug's use in abortion is due to its effect on the uterine mucus membrane.
Influence of acute changes in preload, afterload, contractile state and heart rate on ejection and isovolumic indices of myocardial contractility in man.
Authors: M A Quinones, W H Gaasch, J K Alexander
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To determine the sensitivity of several isovolumic and ejection phase indices of myocardial contractility to loading, inotropic stimulation and heart rate in man, 14 patients (pts) were studied during cardiac catheterization with simultaneous recordings of left ventricular (LV) pressures and ultrasound dimensions. Measurements were made of instantaneous and mean circumferential fiber shortening velocity (VCF), maximal (max) rate of LV pressure rise (dP/dt), dPHdt divided by end-diastolic circumference [(dP/dt)/C], (DP/dt)/C divided by aortic valve opening pressure [(dP/dt/CP], PEAK CONTRACTILe element velocity (VCE) using total LV pressure, VCE extrapolated to zero total pressure (Vmax), VCE at a developed pressure of 10 mm Hg (VCEDP10) and dP/dt at a common isovolumic developed pressure of 40 mm Hg [(dP/dt)/DP40]. Resulta are expressed in per cent change of the mean for the group. Acute preload increase (8.6% increase in end-diastolic circumference) with volume expansion at constant heart rate in 7 pts produced insignificant changes in VSF, an 8.3% increase in max dP/dt, no change in (dP/dt)/C, a variable response in (dP/dt)/CP, 18% reduction in peak VCE, 16% reduction in Vmax, 14% increase in VCEDP10, and a 10% increase in (dP/dt)/DP40. An acute increase in afterload produced by angiotensin in 8 pts (44% increase in peak stress) led to a 38% decrease in VCF, a 2.5% increase in max dP/dt, no significant change in (dP/dt)/C, a 26% reduction in (dP/dt)/CP, variable responses in peak VCE and Vmax, an 11% increase in VCEDP10 and minor changes in (dP/dt)/DP40. All of the contractility indices were augmented significantly by isoproterenol and atrial pacing. In a given patient, max, dP/dt appears to be useful in the assessment of acute changes in inotropic state since the magnitude of its response to abrupt changes in preload is small and to afterload insignificant. Normalizing max dP/dt for end-diastolic circumference assures better stability during loading with good sensitivity to inotropic stimulation. VCF may be used whenever changes in afterload are minimal. The isovolumic measurements of VCE (regardless of whether total or developed pressure is used) lack sufficient stability during acute changes in loading conditions to warrant their use in the quantitative assessment of acute changes in inotropic state.
Epigenetic modulation of the renal β-adrenergic–WNK4 pathway in salt-sensitive hypertension
Authors: ShengYu Mu, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Sayoko Ogura, Hong Wang, Yuzaburo Uetake, Fumiko Kawakami-Mori, Takeshi Marumo, Yutaka Yatomi, David S Geller, Hirotoshi Tanaka, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Relation of Thyroid Enlargement to Tracheal Configuration
Authors: Clarence Schein, Walter Lentino, Harold G. Jacobson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE significance of the discrete thyroid nodule in relation to tracheal configuration is one aspect of a study of thyroid adenomas that has been undertaken at Montefiore Hospital. We have collected 15 cases in which operation was carried out by several different surgeons at this hospital because of solitary thyroid nodules. In this group routine roentgenograms of the chest taken before operation were reviewed to correlate the size of the unilateral thyroid mass with the degree of impression and distortion of the tracheal air column. Two additional cases were seen with autopsy correlation of thyroid mass and change in the . . .
Randomised controlled trial of effects of early discharge after surgery for breast cancer
Authors: N. Bundred, P. Maguire, J. Reynolds, J. Grimshaw, J. Morris, L. Thomson, L. Barr, A. Baildam
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> : To determine the effect of early discharge from hospital after surgery for breast cancer on physical and psychological illness. <b>Design</b> : Randomised controlled trial comparing discharge two days after surgery (before removal of drain) with standard management (discharge after removal of drain). <b>Setting</b> : Regional breast unit. <b>Subjects</b> : 100 women with early breast cancer undergoing mastectomy and axillary node clearance (20) or breast conservation surgery (80). <b>Main outcome measures</b> : Physical illness (infection, seroma formation, shoulder movement) and psychological illness (checklist of concerns, Rotterdam symptom questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale) preoperatively and at one month and three months postoperatively. <b>Results</b> : Women discharged early had greater shoulder movement (odds ratio 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.95); P=0.042) and less wound pain (odds ratio 0.28 (0.10 to 0.79); P=0.016) three months after surgery compared with women given standard management. One month after surgery scores were significantly lower on the Rotterdam symptom questionnaire in patients who were discharged early (ratio of geometric mean scores 0.73 (0.55 to 0.98); P=0.035), but rates of psychological illness generally did not differ between groups. <b>Conclusions</b> : Increased rates of physical or psychological illness did not result from early discharge after surgery for breast cancer. This policy can be recommended for patients with support at home.
Ablation of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Resembles the Human CACT Metabolic Myopathy
Authors: Brian York, Erin L. Reineke, Jørn V. Sagen, Bryan C. Nikolai, Suoling Zhou, Jean-Francois Louet, Atul R. Chopra, Xian Chen, Graham Reed, Jeffrey Noebels, Adekunle M. Adesina, Hui Yu, Lee-Jun C. Wong, Anna Tsimelzon, Susan Hilsenbeck, Robert D. Stevens, Brett R. Wenner, Olga Ilkayeva, Jianming Xu, Christopher B. Newgard, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
In Vivo Diagnosis of Plaque Erosion and Calcified Nodule in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome by Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Haibo Jia, Farhad Abtahian, Aaron D. Aguirre, Stephen Lee, Stanley Chia, Harry Lowe, Koji Kato, Taishi Yonetsu, Rocco Vergallo, Sining Hu, Jinwei Tian, Hang Lee, Seung-Jung Park, Yang-Soo Jang, Owen C. Raffel, Kyoichi Mizuno, Shiro Uemura, Tomonori Itoh, Tsunekazu Kakuta, So-Yeon Choi, Harold L. Dauerman, Abhiram Prasad, Catalin Toma, Iris McNulty, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Valentine Fuster, Jagat Narula, Renu Virmani, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: New Concepts of Pathogenesis and Their Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Daniel M. Skovronsky, Virginia M.-Y. Lee, John Q. Trojanowski
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2006)

Neurodegenerative diseases as diverse as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease share a common pathogenetic mechanism involving aggregation and deposition of misfolded proteins, which leads to progressive central nervous system disease. Although the type of aggregated protein and the regional and cellular distribution of deposition vary from disease to disease, these disorders may all be linked by similar pathways of protein aggregation with fibril formation and amyloid deposition. This perspective on pathogenesis suggests that a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases can be grouped mechanistically as brain amyloidoses, an outlook that yields novel insights into potential therapeutic approaches that may be applicable across the broad spectrum of neurodegenerative disease.