tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Calibration of Heart Sound Intensity
Authors: MAURICE MCGREGOR, MAURICE B. RAPPAPORT, HOWARD B. SPRAGUE, ALLAN L. FRIEDLICH
Journal: Circulation (1956)

There is no standardized method for the calibration of total energy conducted to the surface of the chest caused by the cardiac sounds. Loudness is a subjective term which is dependent upon total energy, frequency of the main components and the specific sensitivity of the human hearing mechanism. A method is described in which the amplitude of the chief component of the heart sounds is compared to that produced by a standard sound signal at 80 decibels at 500 cycles per second and an intensity ratio calculated. The method has been applied to normal individuals of different ages and to those with mitral valve disease and those with pulmonary hypertension. The findings confirm the clinical observation that mitral stenosis with persisting mobility of the valve leaflets is associated with a loud first heart sound. However, the measurement of intensity of the second heart sound did not show so reliable a correlation between the loudness of the sound and the pulmonary blood pressure. The relationship is somewhat obscured by the wide range of normal values in the intensity of the second heart sound.
MOST NEGATIVELY CHARGED SUBFRACTION (L5) INDUCES CARDIOMYOCYTES DAMAGE AND REDUCTION OF CARDIAC ATP-SENSITIVE K&amp;plus; CHANNELS
Authors: Yanzhuo Ma, Jonathan Xuhai Lu, Nancy Cheng, shahrzad abbasi, Geru Wu, Jie Cheng, Chu-Huang Chen, Yutao Xi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
SUPPORTING SHARED DECISION-MAKING IN CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA: PREDICTING SYMPTOMS, FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE AT 1 YEAR FROM THE APPROACH STUDY
Authors: Amit P. Amin, Philip Jones, Suzanne Arnold, Colleen M. Norris, Adam Salisbury, David Cohen, John Spertus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Doctors issue guidance on managing concussion in young people
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Good quality data on the prevalence of sports related concussion, particularly in young people, and how to prevent and treat the condition are lacking, says a new report.1

The report from the US Institute of Medicine says that the tradition has been for coaches and players to urge athletes to “play through it.” But that can jeopardize health, it says, and as knowledge of concussion has grown attitudes have begun to shift toward a more conservative approach in management to reduce the potential for additional harm to the injured athlete.

It recommends that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) establish and maintain a detailed …
Carotid sinus reflex in patients undergoing coronary angiography: relationship of degree and location of coronary artery disease to response to carotid sinus massage.
Authors: K A Brown, J D Maloney, C H Smith, G O Haritzler, D M Ilstrup
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Heart rate and blood pressure responses during and after carotid sinus massage were examined in 66 patients just before coronary angiography. A significant relationship was found between heart rate and blood pressure responses and (1) angina pectoris class, (2) total coronary artery disease score and (3) presence of high-grade (&gt; 90%) stenosis of any of the three major coronary arteries. Only patients with contraction abnormalities of the anterolateral left ventricular region had greater cardionhibitory responses than patients with normal left ventricular angiograms. Among patients with normal left ventricular angiograms, those with more than 50% stenosis of one or more vessels had significantly (p &lt; 0.01) greater responses than those with no or minimal coronary artery disease. All 21 hypersensitive (asystole longer than 3 seconds) patients had significant multivessel coronary artery stenoses or single-vessel high-grade stenosis (greater than or equal to 90%) proximal to the atrioventricular nodal artery. None of the 11 patients with normal coronary arteries had an exaggerated response to carotid sinus massage. These data support the association of an exaggerated response to carotid sinus massage in the presence of symptomatic coronary artery disease and suggest that the magnitude of response is influenced by the severity of the disease.
88. Synthetic siRNAs for Huntington’s Disease Therapy
Authors: Patrick D. Staber, Chandra Vargeese, Ines H. Martins, Barry Polisky, Alex Mas-Monteys, Scott Q. Harper, Beverly L. Davidson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion in the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract of the huntingtin (htt) protein. PolyQ expansion in htt induces cortical and striatal neuron cell loss, and the formation of httcontaining aggregates within brain cells. HD patients have progressive psychiatric, cognitive and motor dysfunction and premature death. Early work in mouse models demonstrated that reduction of mutant protein after the onset of disease phenotypes could improve motor dysfunction and reduce htt-aggregate burden. Thus, reduction of mutant htt in patient brain may improve the disease.
Biochemical and clinical response of fulminant viral hepatitis to administration of prostaglandin E. A preliminary report.
Authors: S B Sinclair, P D Greig, L M Blendis, M Abecassis, E A Roberts, M J Phillips, R Cameron, G A Levy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The effect of PG on patients with fulminant and subfulminant viral hepatitis (FHF) was studied. 17 patients presented with FHF secondary to hepatitis A (n = 3), hepatitis B (n = 6), and non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis (n = 8). 14 of the 17 patients had stage III or IV hepatic encephalopathy (HE). At presentation the mean aspartate transaminase (AST) was 1,844 +/- 1,246 U/liter, bilirubin 232 +/- 135 mumol/liter, prothrombin time (PT) 34 +/- 18, partial thromboplastin time (PTT) 73 +/- 26 s, and coagulation Factors V and VII 8 +/- 4 and 9 +/- 5%, respectively. Intravenous PGE1 was initiated 24-48 h later after a rise in AST (2,195 +/- 1,810), bilirubin (341 +/- 148), PT (36 +/- 15), and PTT (75 +/- 18). 12 of 17 responded rapidly with a decrease in AST from 1,540 +/- 833 to 188 +/- 324 U/liter. Improvement in hepatic synthetic function was indicated by a decrease in PT from 27 +/- 7 to 12 +/- 1 s and PTT from 61 +/- 10 to 31 +/- 2 s, and an increase in Factor V from 9 +/- 4 to 69 +/- 18% and Factor VII from 11 +/- 5 to 71 +/- 20%. Five responders with NANB hepatitis relapsed upon discontinuation of therapy, with recurrence of HE and increases in AST and PT, and improvement was observed upon retreatment. After 4 wk of intravenous therapy oral PGE2 was substituted. Two patients with NANB hepatitis recovered completely and remained in remission 6 and 12 mo after cessation of therapy. Two additional patients continued in remission after 2 and 6 mo of PGE2. No relapses were seen in the patients with hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus infection. Liver biopsies in all 12 surviving patients returned to normal. In the five nonresponders an improvement in hepatic function was indicated by a fall in AST (3,767 +/- 2,611 to 2,142 +/- 2,040 U/liter), PT (52 +/- 25 to 33 +/- 18 s), and PTT (103 +/- 29 to 77 +/- 44 s), but all deteriorated and died of cerebral edema (n = 3) or underwent liver transplantation (n = 2). These results suggest efficacy of PGE for FHF, and further investigation is warranted.
Hypoxia Causes Glucose Intolerance in Humans
Authors: Kerstin M. Oltmanns, Hartmut Gehring, Sebastian Rudolf, Bernd Schultes, Stefanie Rook, Ulrich Schweiger, Jan Born, Horst L. Fehm, Achim Peters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Hypoxic respiratory diseases are frequently accompanied by glucose intolerance. We examined whether hypoxia is a cause of glucose intolerance in healthy subjects. In a double-blind within-subject crossover design, hypoxic versus normoxic conditions were induced in 14 healthy men for 30 minutes by decreasing oxygen saturation to 75% (versus 96% in control subjects) under the conditions of a euglycemic clamp. The rate of dextrose infusion needed to maintain stable blood glucose levels was monitored. Neurohormonal stress response was evaluated by measuring catecholamine and cortisol concentrations as well as cardiovascular parameters, and symptoms of anxiety. To differentiate between the effects of stress hormonal response, and hypoxia itself, on glucose intolerance, we performed hypoglycemic clamps as a nonspecific control. We found a significant decrease in dextrose infusion rate over a period of 150 minutes after the start of hypoxia (p < 0.01). Hypoxia also increased plasma epinephrine concentration (p < 0.01), heart rate (p < 0.01), and symptoms of anxiety (p < 0.05), whereas the other parameters remained unaffected. Glucose intolerance was closely comparable between hypoxic and hypoglycemic conditions (p < 0.9) despite clear differences in stress hormonal responses. Hypoxia acutely causes glucose intolerance. One of the factors mediating this effect could be an elevated release of epinephrine.
Non-invasive measurement of renal blood flow with 99mTc DTP A: comparison with radiolabeled microspheres
Authors: A M PETERS, J BROWN, G G HARTNELL, M J MYERS, C HASKELL, J P LAVENDER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

This technique for non-invasive measurement of renal blood flow is based on the principle of fractionation of cardiac output, and applicable with any recirculating gamma activity tracer. It effectively determines the count rate that would be recorded over the kidney if the tracer behaved like radiolabeled microspheres and was completely trapped in the kidney on first pass. After correction for kidney depth, the estimated first pass activity plateau, expressed as a fraction of the injected dose, is equal to the kidney's fraction of cardiac output. The principle of the technique was validated by comparison with renal blood flow based on radiolabeled microspheres. Nine separate comparisons were made in two anaesthetised dogs. A known dose of 99mTc radiolabeled microspheres (particle size 23-45 μm) was injected into the left ventricle and the count rate over each kidney recorded. A known dose of 99mTc diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid (DTPA) was then given as an intravenous bolus and the data recorded dynamically with a gamma camera online to a computer. After subtraction of the stable signal arising from the preceding radiolabeled microspheres, the theoretical first pass activity plateau from the DTPA that would have been recorded if the DTPA, after reaching the systemic circulation, had behaved like radiolabeled microspheres and become completely trapped in the renal vascular bed, was estimated. Using doses based on syringe counts before and after injection the ratio of renal blood flow values given by the two techniques (DTPA:RLMS) was 1.14 (SD 0.22) for the left kidney and 1.1(0.17) for the right. Using doses based on whole body counts, corresponding ratios were 1.05(0.11) and 1.02(0.13). The variations in the ratios were less when based on this dose estimate, probably because of difficulties in accurately measuring the syringe dose of radiolabeled microspheres. Renal blood flow measured with this new technique is at least as accurate as that given by left ventricular injection of radiolabeled microspheres.
Vaccine-induced early control of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees fails to impact on hepatic PD-1 and chronicity
Authors: Christine S. Rollier, Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala, Ernst J. Verschoor, Babs E. Verstrepen, Joost A. R. Drexhage, Zahra Fagrouch, Jean-Luc Berland, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Blandine Duverger, Nourredine Himoudi, Caroline Staib, Marcus Meyr, Mike Whelan, Joseph A. Whelan, Victoria A. Adams, Esther Larrea, José I. Riezu, Juan José Lasarte, Birke Bartosch, Francois L. Cosset, Willy J. M. Spaan, Helmut M. Diepolder, Gerd R. Pape, Gerd Sutter, Genevieve Inchauspe, Jonathan L. Heeney
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Broad T cell and B cell responses to multiple HCV antigens are observed early in individuals who control or clear HCV infection. The prevailing hypothesis has been that similar immune responses induced by prophylactic immunization would reduce acute virus replication and protect exposed individuals from chronic infection. Here, we demonstrate that immunization of naïve chimpanzees with a multicomponent HCV vaccine induced robust HCV-specific immune responses, and that all vaccinees exposed to heterologous chimpanzee-adapted HCV 1b J4 significantly reduced viral RNA in serum by 84%, and in liver by 99% as compared to controls ( P = 0.024 and 0.028, respectively). However, despite control of HCV in plasma and liver in the acute period, in the chronic phase, 3 of 4 vaccinated animals developed persistent infection. Analysis of expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serial hepatic biopsies failed to reveal an association with vaccine outcome. However, expression of IDO, CTLA-4 (1) and PD-1 levels in liver correlated with clearance or chronicity. Conclusion: Despite early control of virus load, a virus-associated tolerogenic-like state can develop in certain individuals independent of vaccination history. (Hepatology 2007;45:602–613.)
Case 37-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Thomas J. Ryan, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 36-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.There was a history of frequent sore throats and questionable scarlet fever in childhood, and she was told in early adolescence that she had a heart murmur. She remained active and free of symptoms until she underwent pregnancy 13 and 10 years before entry, complicated by persistent morning sickness and fatigue. Thereafter she did her housework and held a part-time job. Six years before admission there was the abrupt onset of dyspnea on climbing one flight of stairs or walking three blocks, accompanied by two-pillow orthopnea. . . .
Uncoupling of human cardiac beta-adrenoceptors during cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic cardiac arrest.
Authors: D Schranz, A Droege, A Broede, G Brodermann, E Schäfer, H Oelert, O E Brodde
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND It is well known that during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with cardioplegic cardiac arrest, catecholamines are vigorously increased. We therefore investigated whether this might cause desensitization of human cardiac beta-adrenoceptors. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed in 12 children with acyanotic congenital heart disease who underwent open-heart surgery right atrial beta-adrenoceptor number and subtype distribution [by (-)-[125I]iodocyanopindolol binding] and adenylate cyclase activation [by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (100 microM) and by the non-receptor-mediated activators 10 microM GTP, 10 mM NaF, 100 microM forskolin, and 10 mM Mn2+] before and after CPB with cardiac arrest by means of St. Thomas' cardioplegic solution. CPB affected neither beta-adrenoceptor number of subtype distribution nor GTP-, NaF-, forskolin-, or Mn(2+)-induced activation of adenylate cyclase. In contrast, activation of adenylate cyclase by 100 microM isoprenaline was significantly (p = 0.0249) lower after CPB than before CPB. CONCLUSIONS CPB with cardioplegic cardiac arrest decreases beta-adrenoceptor-mediated adenylate cyclase activation in a manner compatible with an uncoupling of beta-adrenoceptors from the Gs-protein-adenylate cyclase complex. Such a beta-adrenoceptor desensitization may be the reason why after CPB many patients need inotropic support but do not respond sufficiently to catecholamines.
The Complications of Modern Medical Practice: A Treatise on Iatrogenic Diseases
Authors: M. David Orrahood
Journal: JAMA (1964)

David Spain, in<i>The Complications of Modern Medical Practice</i>, has done for medications what Rachel Carson, in<i>Silent Spring</i>, has done for pesticides. Dr. Spain's purpose is to offer a conceptual view of the harm that medicines can produce. Physicians must treat their patients, but the treatments themselves can induce a wide variety of disease that would not otherwise have attacked the patients. The author, with his wide experience as a pathologist, has been able to preserve an objective viewpoint. The field is enormously broad, but Dr. Spain has maintained an excellent orientation. Some of the major areas covered include hypersensitivity reactions to medications, complications attending adrenal corticosteroid therapy, complications arising from antimicrobial therapy, the abuses of transfusions, the harmful effects from therapeutic radiation and other anticancer therapy, the cancers that therapy itself can produce. Then there are chapters which deal more with organs or organ systems and the diseases
The Stabbing of Lincoln's Secretary of State on the Night the President Was Shot
Authors: John K. Lattimer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The shooting of Abraham Lincoln, just 100 years ago, was not the work of an isolated fanatic, working alone. It was only one part of an organized plot by a group of dedicated enemy sympathizers who planned to kill not only the President, but also the vice-president and the secretary of state. By thus destroying the top leadership of the federal government, they hoped to create such disorder and confusion that the South would overturn its decision to surrender, made just five days before. Thus, President<i>Lyndon</i>Johnson's worry about a larger plot, immediately after President Kennedy's shooting, was well-founded in his knowledge of the historical precedent. Lincoln's vice-president,<i>Andrew</i>Johnson, was spared when his assigned assassin, George Atzerodt, who had no stomach for murder, went into an "oyster bay" [sic] to have a drink or two, drank himself into a state of confusion and rode off.<sup>1</sup> Lincoln's secretary
Mary Clues Dies of Spontaneous Combustion
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Ad Libitum7 August 2012Mary Clues Dies of Spontaneous CombustionJack Coulehan, MD, MPHJack Coulehan, MD, MPHFrom Setauket, NY 11733.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00027 Audio Reading - “Mary Clues Dies of Spontaneous Combustion” Audio. Listen to a reading of "Mary Clues Dies of Spontaneous Combustion" by Jack Coulehan, MD, MPH. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail London, March 2, 1772Oh, how the learned doctors have liedabout Mary Clues! They reckoned that drinkand the soft corpulence of female partswere at fault. They reckoned a womanwhose liver was grim as her husband's heartwas a freak, and her propensity for vicewas such that she ignited. Poor, poor as crapwe were. But what did the doctors care?Mary Clues' room was covered with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Setauket, NY 11733.Current Author Address: Jack Coulehan, MD, MPH, 4 Townsend Court, Setauket, NY 11733. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Mary Clues Dies of Spontaneous Combustion” Audio. Listen to a reading of "Mary Clues Dies of Spontaneous Combustion" by Jack Coulehan, MD, MPH. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 August 2012Volume 157, Issue 3Page: 224KeywordsFatsHeartLiver ePublished: 7 August 2012 Issue Published: 7 August 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 4757: RARα1 as a novel drug target to improve conventional hormonal adjuvant therapy of breast cancer.
Authors: Venkatesh V. Chari, Robert J. Trumbly, Marcela d'A Salazar, Manohar Ratnam
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Genetic or epigenetic changes must occur and be propagated for breast cancer cells to develop resistance to hormonal adjuvant therapies. This would require a basal level of cell cycling during hormone depletion or tamoxifen treatment. We have previously demonstrated that the retinoic acid receptor α1 (RARα1) apoprotein supports a basal level of proliferation in breast cancer cells that are either hormone depleted or treated with tamoxifen. This action of RARα1 was ligand-insensitive (reflecting a nonclassical mechanism) and involved the activation of growth supporting genes by the RARα1 apoprotein. As RARα1 is genetically redundant, we hypothesize that including targeted downregulation of RARα1 will improve the outcome of hormonal adjuvant therapy in breast cancer. Tissue array analysis indicated prevalence of RARα1 in clinical breast tumors covering a wide pathologic spectrum. We have synthesized a high affinity RARα-specific antagonist, AGN194301, as a means of selectively targeting RARα. AGN194301 did not affect the ability of RARα1 to support basal cell proliferation and did not alter the level of RARα1 protein. Preliminary SAR studies showed the positions at which the compound could be modified without abrogating its ability to bind to RARα. Further studies and strategies for attaining downregulation of RARα1 using modified versions of this compound will be discussed. Citation Format: Venkatesh V. Chari, Robert J. Trumbly, Marcela d'A Salazar, Manohar Ratnam. RARα1 as a novel drug target to improve conventional hormonal adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4757. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4757
Progressive Rubella Encephalitis
Authors: Richard T. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The rubella syndrome continues to expand. In 1941, Sir Norman Gregg associated cataracts, microphthalmia, cardiac malformations, and failure to thrive with a history of maternal rubella.1 Soon, deafness, microcephaly, and mental retardation were added to the syndrome of intrauterine rubella-virus infection.2 After the isolation of the rubella virus and the development of serologic tests in 1962, major advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of congenital rubella were made during the tragic worldwide epidemic of 1964. The rubella syndrome was expanded to include chronic encephalitis, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, long-bone defects, chorioretinitis, glaucoma, pneumonitis, hepatitis, jaundice, and low birth weight.3 It was . . .
Lichen myxoedematosus with rapid spontaneous regression
Authors: O.S. Kwon, S.E. Moon, J.A. Kim, K.H. Cho
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Lichen myxoedematosus with rapid spontaneous regression Get access O.S. Kwon, O.S. Kwon Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.E. Moon, S.E. Moon Seoul City Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. Kim, J.A. Kim Seoul City Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.H. Cho K.H. Cho Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 2, 1 February 1997, Pages 295–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb14927.x Published: 01 February 1997