tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Pregnancy Outcomes in Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Peter A. Selwyn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcomes, we prospectively studied female intravenous drug users in a methadone program in New York City. Of 191 women with HIV status known prior to pregnancy, 17 (24%) of 70 seropositives and 26 (22%) of 121 seronegatives became pregnant during 28 months of follow-up. Including 54 additional women first tested for HIV antibody after becoming pregnant, 125 pregnancies were studied in 97 women (39 seropositive, 58 seronegative). None of the seropositive pregnant women had advanced HIV-related disease at entry, and only one developed symptomatic disease (oral candidiasis) during pregnancy. No differences were observed between groups in the frequency of spontaneous or elective abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preterm delivery, stillbirth, or low-birth-weight births. Among women giving birth to live infants, seropositives were more likely than seronegatives to be hospitalized for bacterial pneumonia during pregnancy and had an increased tendency for breech presentation, although these events were infrequent. There were otherwise no differences between groups in the occurrence of antenatal, intrapartum, or neonatal complications. Results suggest that asymptomatic HIV infection is not associated with a decreased pregnancy rate or an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in intravenous drug users, and that an acceleration in HIV-disease status during pregnancy is uncommon. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:1289-1294)
Emil von Behring
Authors: A. S. MacNalty
Journal: BMJ (1954)

dealt with iodoform as an antiseptic.xwhile still an army sur- geon Behring was im- pressed by the discoveries in bacteriology which were revealing the cause of a number of diseases, and especially by the great work of his compatriot Robert Koch.In the early eighties, therefore, he be- gan a series of investigations which were the pre- cursor of his main lifework.Bacteriologists had noted already that white rats were immune to anth- rax, while wild rats were susceptible.Behring took the fresh serum of white rats and tested it on anth- rax bacilli in vitro.In a of von short time the bacilli were killed.Nuttall had made similar observations on the bactericidal powers of the fresh sera of man and of several animals, and his obs.er-'
Linkage between the Gene (or Genes) Controlling Synthesis of the Fourth Component of Complement and the Major Histocompatibility Complex
Authors: Hans D. Ochs, Stephen I. Rosenfeld, E. Donnall Thomas, Eloise R. Giblett, Chester A. Alper, Bo Dupont, Jane G. Schaller, Bruce C. Gilliland, John A. Hansen, Ralph J. Wedgwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In an attempt to map the gene (or genes) controlling the synthesis of the fourth component of complement (C4), we performed linkage studies in a family with hereditary C4 deficiency. The proband, a seven-year-old boy with lupus erythematosus, consistently lacked detectable serum C4 by both functional and protein measurements. The complement defect was transmitted as an autosomal recessive disorder. Eight of 15 family members were considered to be heterozygotes, seven because of low C4 levels and one because of genetic data (obligate heterozygote). The gene (or genes) coding for C4 deficiency appeared to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex (A2,B12, DW2 on the maternal side and A2,BW15,LD108 on the paternal side) and to other markers known to be in close proximity to the histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (phosphoglucomutase-3, glyoxalase-1 and properdin factor B). (N Engl J Med 296:470–475, 1977)
Allergen challenge of passively sensitized human bronchi alters M2 and beta2 receptor function.
Authors: P Song, M Milanese, E Crimi, K Rehder, V Brusasco
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We investigated whether antigen challenge may alter M2 and beta2 receptor function in isolated passively sensitized human bronchi. Bronchial rings (2-4 mm internal diameter) were obtained from 12 patients. Passive sensitization was induced by serum containing high IgE levels to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae. Rings from six patients were used to study M2 receptor function by incubating with cumulatively increasing concentrations (10(-8) M to 10(-4) M) of pilocarpine and applying electric field stimulation (EFS) at 24 Hz. The rings from the other six patients were used to study beta2 receptor function by precontracting with carbachol 10(-6) M and adding cumulatively salbutamol (10(-9) M to 10(-4) M). Additional rings from these patients were used to determine whether dysfunction occurred distal to cAMP production by precontracting with carbachol 10(-6) M and adding cumulatively theophylline (10(-9) M to 10(-4) M). The attenuation of EFS-induced force by pilocarpine and the relaxation of carbachol-precontracted rings by salbutamol were less in challenged than in control and sensitized rings. No difference between challenged, sensitized, and control rings was observed with theophylline. We conclude that allergen challenge in passively sensitized isolated human bronchial rings may result in M2 and beta2 receptor dysfunction without involving mechanisms distal to cAMP formation. It appears that products from inflammatory cells recruited from blood are not necessary for this receptor dysfunction.
Serial estimation of serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity during and after pregnancy in a woman with sarcoidosis.
Authors: K J Erskine, K J Taylor, R A Agnew
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activities were estimated during pregnancy and the puerperium in a woman with sarcoidosis and a series of normal women. In the patient with sarcoidosis angiotensin converting enzyme activity was raised during pregnancy, particularly at 21 weeks9 gestation, yet she remained well with no symptoms to suggest relapse of sarcoidosis. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity may not be of value in monitoring sarcoidosis activity during pregnancy.
Change in (dP/dt)max as an index of myocardial microvascular permeability.
Authors: G A Laine
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

We frequently study processes that alter microvascular permeability in the heart. Myocardial microvascular permeability has been estimated by determining the filtration independent reflection coefficient for beta-lipoprotein (sigma beta-LIPO). This technique requires the measurement of myocardial lymph flow rate and the lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio. Unfortunately, it is a nonsurvival procedure. An index of myocardial microvascular permeability was needed that could be determined in experimental preparations without sacrificing valuable chronically instrumented animals. We attempted to relate changes in myocardial microvascular permeability and myocardial edema formation to some index of myocardial performance. In 33 acute, anesthetized dogs (with normal or disrupted myocardial microvasculatures), we measured systemic arterial pressure, systemic venous pressure, coronary sinus pressure, left ventricular pressure, the maximum rate of change in left ventricular pressure (dP/dt)max, myocardial lymph flow rate, and myocardial extravascular fluid volume. Following an increase in coronary sinus pressure, the amount of edema fluid entering the myocardium varied as a function of myocardial microvascular permeability. Further, as the heart became edematous, (dP/dt)max changed with respect to time [delta(dP/dt)max/delta t]. Finally, a significant relation was found between sigma beta-LIPO and delta(dP/dt)max/delta t. Since coronary sinus pressure can be elevated and delta(dP/dt)max/delta t can be measured in chronic animals, this technique may be useful for evaluating myocardial microvascular permeability on a long-term survival basis.
Interplast
Authors: Stanley I. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1984)

MEDICINE has traditionally been described as a caring profession. It is in this caring tradition that teams of physicians travel from countries with highly sophisticated medical care systems to developing countries of the world to provide medical care for brief periods. Hospital facilities in the host countries are extremely variable, some being modern by Western standards and others much less so. In this article it is difficult to fully acknowledge the work of all those pioneering physicians who introduced simple effective anesthetic techniques for use in field conditions. The famous Epstein-Macintosh-Oxford (EMO) vaporizer was a direct result of Sir Robert Macintosh's perception that there was a need for a portable vaporizer in developing countries. With this in mind, the EMO and the Oxford miniature vaporizer (OMV) were designed.<sup>1,2</sup>On an equally practical level, the writings of Boulton and Cole<sup>3</sup>in the 1960s, as well as the more recent
Alterations in Leukocyte β-Receptor Affinity with Aging
Authors: R. D. Feldman, L. E. Limbird, J. Nadeau, D. Robertson, A. J. J. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The elderly have reduced β-adrenergic sensitivity to agonists, but no change in receptor density. We investigated the relation between β-receptor affinity for agonists and age in β-receptors on lymphocytes from 20 healthy men 21 to 74 years old. As an index of β-receptor affinity for agonists, we determined the IC50 of isoproterenol — the concentration of isoproterenol required to inhibit 50 per cent of iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding in vitro. We found that receptor affinity for agonists was correlated with age and plasma norepinephrine concentration. Twelve subjects (six 21 to 29 years old and six 55 to 74 years old) were also studied in both the supine and upright positions. In samples obtained in the supine position, the proportion of receptors binding agonist with a high affinity was decreased in the older subjects as compared with the young subjects (22±1 per cent vs. 38±3 per cent; P<0.05). With upright posture and the associated acute elevation of endogenous plasma catecholamines, the proportion of receptors binding agonist with a high affinity was reduced in the young; no such changes were seen in the older subjects. The data suggest that reduced β-receptor affinity for agonists may be an explanation for altered β-adrenergic sensitivity in the elderly. (N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 815–9.)
Emotional Impairment in Internal Medicine House Staff-Reply
Authors: Jay W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  The letter by Dr Anderson points out a problem—heavy work loads—that only 31% of the program directors perceived as a problem. We were somewhat surprised by this, but this was the response we received from program directors. We believe the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine should encourage program directors to pay attention to the actual number of working hours and perhaps produce more reasonable call schedules.  The letter from Dr Pelton points out that physicians, like everyone else, are susceptible to emotional illness and can be treated. We defined an impaired resident as one who had emotional problems and required a leave of absence from the training program.
Differential distribution of the vasopressin V2 receptor along the rat nephron during renal ontogeny and maturation
Authors: Jose M. Sarmiento, Pamela Ehrenfeld, Carolina C. Aeazco, Carlos E. Reyes, Silvia Troncoso, Carlos D. Figueroa, Werner Meller-esterl, Carlosb Gonzelez
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Assessing the ability to work
Authors: Jos Verbeek, Frank van Dijk
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The current controversy began in 2003, when reanalyses of data from clinical trials raised concerns that antidepressants might precipitate suicidal thoughts or attempts at sui-cide. Children and adolescents starting treatment with several newer antidepressants had a 4% risk of devel-oping suicidal ideation or behaviour, compared with 2% in those receiving placebo.
Circulating CD34-Positive Cell Number Is Associated With Brain Natriuretic Peptide Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Sadanori Okada, Hisashi Makino, Ayako Nagumo, Takako Sugisawa, Muneya Fujimoto, Ichiro Kishimoto, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Akie Kikuchi-Taura, Toshihiro Soma, Akihiko Taguchi, Yasunao Yoshimasa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Patients with type 2 diabetes often suffer from asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) injury, including increased LV mass, without apparent myocardial ischemia. The mechanisms underlying diabetic LV injury remain unclear; however, it has been suggested that endothelial dysfunction plays a role. Accumulating evidence indicates that bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to neovascularization of ischemic tissue and endothelialization of denuded endothelium. Recent studies have shown that circulating bone marrow–derived immature cells, including CD34+ cells, contribute to the maintenance of the vasculature, both as a pool of EPCs and as the source of growth/angiogenesis factors (1). We hypothesized that circulating CD34+ cells might be associated with LV dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we studied the correlation between circulating CD34+ cell levels and plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, an LV dysfunction marker, in type 2 diabetic patients.

The institutional review board of the National Cardiovascular Center approved this study, and all subjects provided informed consent. We examined 26 patients with type 2 diabetes (12 men and 14 women, duration of diabetes 16.1 ± 10.7 years) who were over 60 years of age (70.5 ± 6.4 years). Statin was given to nine subjects. ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker was given to nine subjects, and thiazolidinedione was given to two subjects. Subjects were excluded from the study if they had known cardiovascular disease or chronic renal failure (defined as serum creatinine ≥180 μmol/l). No study subject showed hypokinesis by echocardiography or electrocardiogram change, indicating myocardial ischemia. …
IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE ISOLATED CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Oswald T. Avery, Hugh J. Morgan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

The data presented in this paper clearly indicate that the isolated carbohydrate and nucleoprotein constituents of Pneumococcus differ both serologically and antigenically one from the other. Moreover, each of these fractions of the cell separately exhibits immunological properties distinct from those manifested by the whole organism of which they form a part. The carbohydrate is a protein-free polysaccharide and as such is devoid of the property of stimulating antibodies. Although in the free state, dissociated from other cellular substances, it is non-antigenic, in this form it still retains the property of reacting specifically in anti-pneumococcus serum of the homologous type. Further, this nonprotein constituent is not reactive with antiprotein serum. In other words, neither pneumococcus carbohydrate nor protein as separate antigen gives rise to antibodies with specific affinities for the carbohydrate or so called soluble specific substance of Pneumococcus. The nucleoprotein of Pneumococcus, on the other hand, is antigenic. Immunization with this cell constituent gives rise to immune serum which precipitates solutions of pneumococcus protein without regard to the type from which it is derived. The interrelations of the carbohydrate and protein of Pneumococcus as they exist in the intact cell to form the complete antigen, and the interpretation of the differences in the antigenic properties of the whole bacterium as contrasted with those of its component parts are reserved for discussion in a subsequent paper.
Apheresis in the management of loiasis with high microfilariaemia and renal disease.
Authors: L Abel, V Ioly, P Jeni, C Carbon, A Bussel
Journal: BMJ (1986)

probably accelerated the fatal course in one of them.' The same cause might explain the outcome in other cases of fatal side effects of valproate.'The families ofsuch children need to be investigated because (a) a common cause offatal valproate toxicity might be found, (b) a procedure to detect people at risk might be advised-for example, measuring plasma ammonia concentra- tions for initial monitoring oftreatment-and (c) confidence about using the drug for children and adults without a metabolic abnormality might be restored.I Rolles CJ.Hepatic injury with sodium valproate:a reappraisal with special reference tochildren.Br
Mouse and human lung fibroblasts regulate dendritic cell trafficking, airway inflammation, and fibrosis through integrin αvβ8–mediated activation of TGF-β
Authors: Hideya Kitamura, Stephanie Cambier, Sangeeta Somanath, Tyren Barker, Shunsuke Minagawa, Jennifer Markovics, Amanda Goodsell, Jean Publicover, Louis Reichardt, David Jablons, Paul Wolters, Arthur Hill, James D. Marks, Jianlong Lou, Jean-Francois Pittet, Jack Gauldie, Jody Lynn Baron, Stephen L. Nishimura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The airway is a primary portal of entry for noxious environmental stimuli that can trigger airway remodeling, which contributes significantly to airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic asthma. Important pathologic components of airway remodeling include fibrosis and abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses. The positioning of fibroblasts in interstitial spaces suggests that they could participate in both fibrosis and chemokine regulation of the trafficking of immune cells such as dendritic cells, which are crucial antigen-presenting cells. However, physiological evidence for this dual role for fibroblasts is lacking. Here, in two physiologically relevant models - conditional deletion in mouse fibroblasts of the TGF-β-activating integrin αvβ8 and neutralization of αvβ8 in human COPD fibroblasts - we have elucidated a mechanism whereby lung fibroblast chemokine secretion directs dendritic cell trafficking, in a manner that is critically dependent on αvβ8-mediated activation of TGF-β by fibroblasts. Our data therefore indicate that fibroblasts have a crucial role in regulating both fibrotic and immune responses in the lung.
Serotonin response increases with age in rat coronary resistance arteries
Authors: N C B NYBORG, E O MIKKELSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article Serotonin response increases with age in rat coronary resistance arteries Get access N C B NYBORG, N C B NYBORG From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E O MIKKELSEN E O MIKKELSEN From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 2, February 1988, Pages 131–137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.2.131 Published: 01 February 1988 Article history Received: 14 May 1987 Accepted: 05 September 1987 Published: 01 February 1988
Caveolin-1–dependent apoptosis induced by fibrin degradation products
Authors: Yi-He Guo, Irene Hernandez, Berend Isermann, Tae-bong Kang, Leonid Medved, Rashmi Sood, Edward J. Kerschen, Trudy Holyst, Michael W. Mosesson, Hartmut Weiler
Journal: Blood (2008)
On Awakening Paralyzed During Surgery
Authors: Alfred Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  I concur, of course, with Dr Blacher when he urges resolution of the trauma of awakening paralyzed during surgery by alerting nurses and physicians to the fact that subsequent nightmares and preoccupation with death can be alleviated by simply informing the patient of what had happened during surgery.  I realize that anesthetic agents coupled with curare-like substances, muscle relaxants, and their endotracheal use may make it somewhat difficult for the anesthesiologist to be aware of the fact that the patient had awakened during surgery. I would assume, of course, that they make every effort to keep fully in touch with the degree of consciousness of the patient.  But perhaps prevention is a more logical approach than treatment of such a condition. Could not, for example, the anesthesiologist and the surgeon tactfully orient patients prior to surgery that no pain will ever be felt but that the anesthesia
Genetic Screening by Insurance Carriers-Reply
Authors: Oscar W. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As both letters indicate, important ethical concerns are raised if genetic testing is used by insurers, both for employment-related group policies and for individual policies. The Council has been developing a separate report on genetic and other medical testing by insurers, which it expects to present to the American Medical Association's House of Delegates in June 1992. <i>Dr Engelberg's letter was shown to Dr Juengst, who declined to reply</i>. —Ed.
Declining mortality rates for nonmelanoma skin cancers in West Germany, 1968-99
Authors: A. Stang, K-H. Jockel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Mortality analyses based on routine death certification provide a rough guide to the magnitude of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) mortality.To examine time trends in NMSC mortality over a 32-year period for the territory of West Germany which included a population of about 66 million people.We analysed the NMSC skin cancer mortality data (1968-99) from the former West Germany including West Berlin. We calculated the age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates (World Standard Population) and used a Poisson regression to estimate the underlying age, cohort and period effects.The age-standardized mortality rate decreased from 0.56 per 100,000 in 1968 to 0.24 per 100,000 in 1999 among men and from 0.42 per 100,000 in 1968 to 0.11 per 100,000 in 1999 among women. The estimated annual percentage decrease of the age-standardized NMSC skin cancer mortality rate was -2.3%[95% confidence interval (CI) -2.6 to -1.9] among men and -3.5% (95% CI -4.0 to -3.1) among women during the period 1968-99. This decline is mainly due to a rate decrease in people aged 80 years or more. The change in NMSC skin cancer mortality rates was best explained by age, cohort and period effects.The NMSC mortality in West Germany showed a continuous decrease from 1968 to 1999. The favourable mortality decline by birth cohort in the most recent birth cohort is an indicator of a likely decline in mortality in the future.
Economic Aspects of Obesity
Authors: Karunesh Tuli
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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Capsule endoscopy: impact on clinical decision making in patients with suspected small bowel bleeding
Authors: C. Gubler, M. Fox, P. Hengstler, D. Abraham, F. Eigenmann, P. Bauerfeind
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de C. Gubler et al., pp. 1031Endoscopy 2007; 39(12): 83-83DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1308884