tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Ronald S. Beckett, Frederick J. Flynn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

HUMAN toxoplasmosis is a disease of increasing importance. In this paper we shall review it briefly, report two new cases, suggest a classification of toxoplasmosis and present new data concerning the nature and transmission of the congenital form of the disease.It has been known for almost half a century that toxoplasma is pathogenic. This was first demonstrated in mice by Nicolle and Manceaux,1 and since 1909 the organism has been found in warm-blooded creatures on all continents except the Antarctic. In 1923 Jankû2 gave the first description of human infection, in an eye from a hydrocephalic infant. Wolf, Cowen . . .
Effect of cytochalasin B on the maturation of enveloped viruses.
Authors: J A Griffin, R W Compans
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The maturation of two enveloped viruses, influenza and vesicular stomatitis, occurs in cells treated with cytochalasin B. Virions produced in the presence of 50 microgram/ml cytochalasin B (CB) appear to be as infectious as those from control cells, indicating that polymerized actin is not required for the assembly of functional viral components. CB inhibits the release of influenza virus from treated cells, a phenomenon which appears to be a result of the synthesis of an aberrant neuraminidase (NA) glycoprotein; virions grown in CB-treated cells had a 90% reduction in specific enzymatic activity. We found that both influenza viral glycoproteins (NA and Hemagglutinin glycoprotein) had faster electrophoretic mobilities and were more heterogeneous in CB-treated cells as compared with controls. We also observed complete inhibition of incorporation of labeled glucosamine into viral glycoproteins in the presence of the drug. It was of interest that CB-induced inhibition of glycosylation appeared to cause loss of neuraminidase function, whereas hemagglutinating activity was not noticeably impaired. The presence of altered glycoproteins did not significantly diminish the infectivity of either influenza virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Our results indicate that no step in the maturation of enveloped viruses is dependent upon an intact cytoskeletal network.
Trieb und Verhalten
Authors: H. Quint
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

Whilst in animals the species-specific innate instinctive motions represent a firm link between instinct and behaviour, in man drives are not associated in the same way with behaviour. The human individual has to experience and learn the aim, object and behaviour proper to his drives. The human adult is usually able to separate drive and behaviour. His development may be such, however, that his behaviour is directly or indirectly forcibly subordinated to his drives. The various psychopathological and psychoneurotic manifestations are ultimately forms of instinctual behaviour.
WHO's Global Clinical Practice Network for mental health
Authors: Geoffrey M Reed, Tahilia J Rebello, Kathleen M Pike, Maria Elena Medina-Mora, Oye Gureje, Min Zhao, Yunfei Dai, Michael C Roberts, Toshimasa Maruta, Chihiro Matsumoto, Valery N Krasnov, Maya Kulygina, Anne M Lovell, Anne-Claire Stona, Pratap Sharan, Rebeca Robles, Wolfgang Gaebel, Jürgen Zielasek, Brigitte Khoury, Jair de Jesus Mari, José Luís Ayuso-Mateos, Spencer C Evans, Cary S Kogan, Shekhar Saxena
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2015)
Level of asthma control and healthcare utilization in Latin America
Authors: L. S. Gold, F. Montealegre, F. C. Allen-Ramey, J. Jardim, N. Smith, R. Sansores, S. D. Sullivan
Journal: Allergy (2013)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether uncontrolled asthma was associated with healthcare outcomes among Latin American patients with asthma. We used data from 2168 patients with asthma who participated in the 2011 Latin America Asthma Insights and Management (AIM) survey. Using Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, patients were categorized as having asthma that was well-controlled, partly controlled, or uncontrolled. Overall, 7% of the patients surveyed had asthma that was classified as well-controlled. Patients whose asthma was not well-controlled were significantly more likely to report use of asthma medications (ORs ranging from 1.6–41) and to have had emergency healthcare visits or hospitalizations for their asthma in the previous year (ORs ranging from 2.1 to 5.9). They also reported decreases in their productivity compared to patients with well-controlled asthma. These associations suggest that emphasis on improving asthma control could have substantial effects on patient productivity and utilization of healthcare resources.
Mean Platelet Volume Associated with Aortic Distensibility, Chronic Inflammation and Diabetes in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Durmuş Yıldıray Şahin, Mustafa Gür, Zafer Elbasan, Arafat Yıldırım, Rabia Eker Akıllı, Nermin Yıldız Koyunsever, Betül Özaltun, Gökhan Gözübüyük, Ali Kıvrak, Murat Çaylı
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Successful treatment of adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura with factor XIII concentrate
Authors: Atsushi Utani, Miyuki Ohta, Akemi Shinya, Sayoko Ohno, Hiroshi Takakuwa, Tomikazu Yamamoto, Tsuyoshi Suzaki, Kiichiro Danno
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
EDUCATIONAL METHODS IN THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: LIVINGSTON FARRAND
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Fortunately for the initial enthusiasm with which a campaign for the prevention of tuberculosis may be undertaken by any community, there is no difference of opinion as to what the chief task may be. It is the education of the public with regard to a few simple facts. The accomplishment of that task, however, is one which calls for all the ingenuity and skill that expert knowledge can furnish or specific experience can teach. The organized crusade now under way against this disease is rapidly uncovering the conditions which constitute its stronghold and, while opening up innumerable lines of promising attack, is also making more and more clear the baffling complexity of the work in which we are engaged. We may start, I presume, with the general proposition that tuberculosis is infectious, that it is preventable and that in its early stages it is curable. It is its preventability which
Lactation and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Jennifer L. Kelsey, Esther M. John
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Two decades ago the relation of certain reproductive characteristics to the risk of breast cancer appeared to be well established. Nulliparity, an early age at menarche, an older age at menopause, and an older age at the first full-term pregnancy were associated with an increased risk, whereas oophorectomy at an early age was known to be protective1. These risk factors are still recognized2. The number of full-term pregnancies, age at the time of full-term pregnancies after the first, and lactation were considered to have little or no independent effect on the incidence of breast cancer once the associations . . .
Abstract 2058: Translational regulation of SPARC by the microRNAs mir29a, b, and c
Authors: Vuong Trieu, Larn Hwang, Xiaoqin Lin, Rami Tamir, Kouros Motamed, Neil Desai
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) is overexpressed in most cancers, including breast, prostate, lung, brain, head-and-neck, and kidney. SPARC overexpression enhances tumor progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis and is generally associated with poor prognosis. In a previous study, SPARC mRNA was detected among the majority of both normal and cancer tissues using RT-PCR, in contrast to immunohistochemistry (IHC) that showed SPARC protein only in tissue remodeling and in cancers. These results suggested a post-transcriptional regulation of SPARC mRNA. We report here microRNA (miRNA) mediated regulation of SPARC mRNA. Methods: A chimera expression vector with CMV driven Luciferase ORF upstream of SPARC's 3′UTR was constructed and used in an assay to detect miRNA mediated suppression of luciferase translation. The construct was co-transfected into a permissive cell line- HEK293 (embryonic kidney cells) and individual miRNA mimics or inhibitors obtained from Dharmacon (Lafayette, Co, USA). Inhibitors of luciferase ORF were detected by a suppression of the luciferase signal. Deletion analysis on SPARC's 3′UTR was also performed to localize sequence required for translational suppression. Findings using CHO and 293 cells were confirmed using other cell lines including ES-2, SKOV-3, CAOV-3, PA-1, U87-MG, and OVCAR-3. Results: It was noted during forced expression of SPARC that CHO cells did not support SPARC overexpression, whereas HEK293 could. Screening using the luciferase ORF linked to SPARC's 3′UTR revealed that mir29 a, b and c were able to cause translational inhibition of SPARC mRNA. Deletion mutants of 3′UTR from SPARC restored the luciferase activity, whereas inhibition was retained when region 1-236 nt of SPARC's 3′UTR was maintained suggesting that the mir29 binding sequence is located within this region. The finding was not specific to CHO, and mir29 inhibition of SPARC expression was confirmed among all other cell lines tested (ES-2, SKOV-3, CAOV-3, PA-1, U87-MG and OVCAR-3). Conclusions: Human mir29a, b and c down-regulated the SPARC translation across a number of cell lines tested. These data suggest that that miRNAs mir29 a, b and c could play an important role in tumor metastasis and progression by control of SPARC expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2058.
CoverDisabilities: Looking Back and Looking Ahead The Disabled Student as Undifferentiated Graduate: A Medical School Challenge Substance Abuse, Mental Illness, and Medical Students: The Role of the Americans With Disabilities Act Coping With a Learning Disability in Medical SchoolA Medical Degree and Nowhere to GoExperiences With d/Deaf CultureLiving With Disability: A Proposal for Medical Education
Authors: Sue Sun Yom
Journal: JAMA (1998)
Clinicopathologic study of persistently positive technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate myocardial scintigrams and myocytolytic degeneration after myocardial infarction.
Authors: L M Buja, L R Poliner, R W Parkey, J I Pulido, D Hutcheson, M R Platt, L J Mills, F J Bonte, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In a select series of 46 patients studied by serial myo- cardial scintigraphy, 19 (41%) retained persistent, usually low grade (2+) positive technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate ('9mTc-PYP) myocardial scintigrams for at least 3 months after acute myocardial infarction.The one major difference between patients with positive and negative postinfarct 59mTc-PYP myocardial scintigrams was a more symptomatic postinfarct course in the former group, characterized by severe angina pectoris in 16 of the 19 patients and by severe congestive heart failure with angina in three patients.In a separate clinicopathologic series of seven patients, persistently positive 'mTc-PYP myocardial activity was associated with promi-IN OUR EXPERIENCE, MYOCARDIAL SCINTIG- RAPHY with technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate (SSmTc-PYP) has proven to be an effective and sensitive method for detection of acute myocardial infarction in patients and experimental animals."'2The test also has been positive in approximately one third of patients with unstable angina pectoris."13Review of the literature reveals a generally similar experience."4Myocardial scintigraphy with 99mTc-PYP also detects muscle necrosis due to etiologies other than coronary heart disease, including trauma, repeated cardioversion, and metastatic tumor. 4-17In addi- tion, positive 99mTc-PYP scintigrams with uptake in heart and other soft tissues may occur in patients with metastatic calcification."' 18,1, Autoradiographic studies in experimen- tal acute myocardial infarcts have shown that radiopharmaceutical concentration occurs predominantly in frankly necrotic myocardium as well as in a small population of damaged border zone muscle cells admixed with necrotic muscle cells.'0Experimental studies also have shown that approximately 3 g of necrotic myocardium is needed for the test to maintain a high degree of sensitivity;" however, a similar determination has not been made in humans.The usual sequence with 09mTc-PYP myocardial scin- tigraphy is for the scintigram to become positive at 12 to 18 hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction, to increase in intensity over the first 72 hours, and thereafter to decrease in intensity and frequently to become negative by the end of the first 1 to 2 weeks after development of myocardial in-
Meeting vaccination quality measures for hepatitis A and B virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Jennifer R. Kramer, Christine Y. Hachem, Fasiha Kanwal, Minghua Mei, Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Coinfection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services has identified HAV and HBV vaccination as a priority area for quality measurement in HCV. It is unclear to what extent patients with HCV meet these recommendations. We used national data from the Department of Veterans Affairs HCV Clinical Case Registry to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of meeting the quality measure (QM) of receiving vaccination or documented immunity to HAV and HBV in patients with chronic HCV. We identified 88,456 patients who had overall vaccination rates of 21.9% and 20.7% for HBV and HAV, respectively. The QM rates were 57.0% and 45.5% for HBV and HAV, respectively. Patients who were nonwhite or who had elevated alanine aminotransferase levels, cirrhosis, or human immunodeficiency virus were more likely to meet the HBV QM. Factors related to HCV care were also determinants of meeting the HBV QM. These factors included receiving a specialist consult, genotype testing, or HCV treatment. Patients who were older, had psychosis, and had a higher comorbidity score were less likely to meet the HBV QM. With a few exceptions, similar variables were related to meeting the HAV QM. The incidence of superinfection with acute HBV and HAV was low, but it was significantly lower in patients who received vaccination than in those who did not. Conclusion : Quality measure rates for HAV and HBV are suboptimal for patients with chronic HCV. In addition, several patient-related factors and receiving HCV-related care are associated with a higher likelihood of meeting QMs. (Hepatology 2011)
Aspiration of Elemental Mercury — Evidence of Absorption without Toxicity
Authors: Lawrence Wallach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE aspiration of elemental, nonalkyl1 mercury has been reported at least twice in the past 15 years. One patient2 quickly died with signs of acute mercurialism; the other,3 in whom acute toxicity also developed, recovered, and was doing well at five-year follow-up study. The present case affords an excellent opportunity for detailed laboratory evaluation of a third occurrence.Case ReportAn 11-year-old Navaho boy was admitted to the U.S. Public Health Service Hospital on April 17, 1970, when the diagnosis of appendicitis was made. He was transferred to the Gallup, New Mexico, Indian Hospital, where, at laparotomy, a ruptured appendix . . .
Thymus Tissue as a Therapeutic Measure
Authors: J.F.A.P. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The lymphopoietic function of the thymus was established early this century but immunologists were reluctant to accept its role in immunity, even as late as 1960. For example, at a Conference on "Cellular Aspects of Immunity"1 attended by world-renowned immunologists, no reference was made to the thymus or its cells. Convincing data demonstrating an essential role for the thymus in immunity were first published in 1961.2 Thymectomy of newborn mice led to a deficiency of lymphocytes, an inability to reject grafts of skin not only from other strains of mice but also from other species, and premature death attributed to . . .
Europeans Collaborate on Screening Trials for Prostate Cancer
Authors: T. Reynolds
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Europeans Collaborate on Screening Trials for Prostate Cancer Get access T. Reynolds T. Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 12, 21 June 1995, Pages 868–869, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.12.868 Published: 21 June 1995
Systemic lambda light-chain deposition in a patient with myeloma.
Authors: D Ganeval, L H Noel, D Droz, J Leibowitch
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Systemic lambda light-chain deposition occurred in a 73-year-old man with myeloma. An initial renal biopsy specimen showed the features of myeloma kidney. When he died 22 months later lambda light chains were detected by immunofluorescence in kidneys, liver, spleen, and heart. They were probably responsible for cardiac dysfunction and the fatal arrhythmia. It is suggested that in this patient deposition was due to a structural alteration of the light chains, possibly induced by cyclophosphamide.
486 Mutations in HBV core18–27 immunodominant epitope evade viral control of cytotoxic t lymphocytes during combined antiviral treatment in tolerant children with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: I. Carey, M. Cavers, L. D'Antiga, M.S. Longhi, Y. Ma, S. Bansal, J.A. Byrne, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Female Genital Mutilation -- A Form of Child Abuse
Authors: Patricia Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Even in countries where female genital mutilation is an age-old tradition, the belief that it should be eliminated is growing. For example, women who have themselves been mutilated are working at the grassroots level to eliminate female genital mutilation in Kenya, Gambia, Sudan, Somalia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Egypt, Burkina Faso, and the United Kingdom1. Moreover, the Inter-African Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children is organizing efforts to eliminate female genital mutilation2. Even the World Health Assembly has proclaimed that such practices “restrict the attainment of the goals of health, development and human rights for . . .
Calcitonin gene-related peptide mediates nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside-induced vasodilation in feline cerebral arterioles.
Authors: E P Wei, M A Moskowitz, P Boccalini, H A Kontos
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The cerebral vasodilator response induced by topical nitroglycerin and nitroprusside was examined in cats equipped with cranial windows for the observation of the cerebral microcirculation. In cats subjected to chronic unilateral trigeminal ganglionectomy, the vasodilator responses to nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were markedly depressed on the denervated side. Application of a selective calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonist [CGRP(8-37)] on the innervated side reduced the response to nitrodilators to the same extent as seen on the denervated side. The vasodilator response to acetylcholine was unaffected by trigeminal ganglionectomy. CGRP(8-37) almost abolished the vasodilator response to nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside and to CGRP, but did not affect the response to adenosine or to adenosine diphosphate. Pretreatment with LY83583, a drug that lowers cyclic GMP levels, diminished the vasodilation to CGRP and to nitroprusside but not to adenosine. We conclude that the nitrovasodilators activate sensory fibers to release CGRP, which in turn relaxes cerebral vascular smooth muscle by activating guanylate cyclase. Hence, nitrovasodilators possess a novel mechanism of action within the cephalic circulation which may explain both the occurrence of vasodilation and headache.
Effects of Hormones on Advanced Breast Cancer: A Five-year Study.
Authors: A. Segaloff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Effects of Hormones on Advanced Breast Cancer: A Five-year Study.A. Segaloff, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. Segaloff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-695_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere are two major factors which influence the response rate of advancing breast cancer to hormonal therapy. These are menopausal age and site of major metastatic involvement.The Co-operative Breast Cancer Group has taken these factors into account in their protocol for the study of advancing breast cancer. In addition, this study utilizes the best practices of experimental design to yield data of significance. The studies are prospective; the patients are entered according to a careful, statistically random scheme which allows for the known variables; criteria for judgment of response by objective end points are carefully set up and checked... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. Segaloff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New Orleans, La. (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 695-695KeywordsBreast cancerHormonal therapyHormonesProspective studiesResearch design ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Androgen Insensitivity as a Cause of Infertility in Otherwise Normal Men
Authors: James Aiman, James E. Griffin, John M. Gazak, Jean D. Wilson, Paul C. MacDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To ascertain if androgen insensitivity causes severe oligospermia or azoospermia we studied three unrelated, phenotypically normal men with long histories of infertility. The mean plasma concentrations and production rates of testosterone were 14.3 ng per milliliter and 10.1 mg per day, respectively, values approximately twice the average found in normal men. Serum luteinizing hormone concentrations were elevated in two of the three subjects. The specific high-affinity dihydrotestosterone binding capacity of cultured genital-skin fibroblasts was 8, 0 and 10 fmol per milligram of cellular protein, values half (or less) of those from normal men and women but similar to values in subjects with partial androgen insensitivity manifested by incomplete testicular feminization or Reifenstein syndrome. The low amount of androgen receptor and the combination of high serum gonadotropins and plasma testosterone production rates suggest that the defective spermatogenesis in these infertile men was the consequence of androgen insensitivity. (N Engl J Med 300:223–227, 1979)