tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SPIO Enhanced MR Imaging for the Detection of Metastases in Sentinel Nodes Localized by CT Lymphography in Patients with Breast Cancer.
Authors: K. Motomura, M. Ishitobi, Y. Komoike, H. Koyama, H. Inaji, T. Horinouchi, K. Nakanishi
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and computed tomography (CT) may detect nodal metastases in patients with breast cancer, but there is not sufficient accuracy with the conventional methods. Recently, superparamagnetic nanoparticles-enhanced MR imaging has been reported to be a promising improvement for diagnostic imaging of lymph node metastases from various tumors. Moreover, sentinel nodes have been reported to be well-identified using CT lymphography in patients with breast cancer. This study evaluated MR imaging with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) enhancement for the detection of metastases in sentinel nodes localized by CT lymphography in patients with breast cancer, with histopathologic findings as the reference standard.Methods: This study included 102 patients with breast cancer with clinically negative nodes. Each contrast agent was injected intradermally into the skin overlying the breast tumor and in the subareolar region. Sentinel nodes were identified by CT lymphography, and SPIO-enhanced MR imaging of the axilla was performed to detect metastases in the sentinel nodes. A node was considered non-metastatic if it showed a homogenous low signal intensity and metastatic if the entire node or a focal area did not show a low signal intensity on MR imaging. Sentinel node biopsy was performed using a combination of dye and radiocolloid. Imaging results were correlated with histopathologic findings.Results: The mean number of sentinel nodes identified by CT lymphography was 1.1 (range 1–3). Twenty-one of 25 patients with positive sentinel nodes definitively diagnosed by pathology demonstrated metastases on SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. Seventy of 77 patients with negative sentinel nodes definitively diagnosed by pathology were non-metastatic on imaging studies. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of MR imaging for the diagnosis of sentinel node metastases were 84%, 91%, and 89%, respectively. In four of 10 patients with micrometastases, the metastases were not detected, but all 15 patients with macrometastases were successfully demonstrated. There were no adverse events associated with either CT or MR imaging.Conclusions: SPIO-enhanced MR imaging is a useful method of detecting metastases in sentinel nodes localized by CT lymphography in patients with breast cancer. Patients with clinically negative nodes may be spared sentinel node biopsy when the sentinel node is diagnosed as disease-free using SPIO-enhanced MR imaging. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1010.
Exercise Testing in Patients With Electrocardiographic Evidence of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: AYMAN A. ALSHAMI, STANLEY R. JOLLY, FRANCES L SMITH, WILLIAM C. REEVES, ASSAD MOVAHED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of left ventricular hypertrophy, based on electrocardiographic evidence, on the results of exercise thallium testing. Patients with electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) and suspected of having coronary artery disease underwent exercise thallium testing. Retrospective analysis of 107 consecutive patients with ECG-LVH showed transient myocardial perfusion defects (TMPD) in 12 (11%), indicative of myocardial ischemia; 12 (11%) had fixed myocardial perfusion defects (FMPD), indicative of probable myocardial infarction; 5 had TMPD plus FMPD (5%), and scan results for 78 were normal (73%). In patients with ECG-LVH, additional ST changes were observed in 76% and chest pain in 7% of patients with ECG-LVH. In a matched comparison group of 255 patients not prescreened for ECG-LVH, TMPD was observed in 20%, FMPD in 16%, and TMPD plus FMPD in 26% of patients, and normal results were found in 38%. Electrocardiographic changes were found in 49% and chest pain in 20%. Hemodynamic responses to exercise were comparable between subgroups. Lung thallium uptake was quantified as the lung-to-heart thallium activity ratio (L-H) on the immediate exercise anterior planar images. In controls, a significant increase in L-H was observed in patients with TMPD and TMPD plus FMPD. This was not observed in patients with ECG-LVH, possibly because of elevated thallium myocardial activity as a result of increased left ventricular mass. The conclusion is that patients with ECG-LVH often had normal perfusion scan results (73%) on exercise despite a high incidence of additional ECG changes (76%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robotic Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Radical Prostatectomy: Technique and Early Outcomes
Authors: Michael A. White, Georges-Pascal Haber, Riccardo Autorino, Rakesh Khanna, Sylvain Forest, Bo Yang, Fatih Altunrende, Robert J. Stein, Jihad H. Kaouk
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Sorbitol, Phosphoinositides, and Sodium-Potassium-ATPase in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, Douglas A. Greene, Sarah A. Lattimer, Anders A.F. Sima
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston from The New England Journal of Medicine — Sorbitol, Phosphoinositides, and Sodium-Potassium-ATPase in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Complications
Metabolic Activation of Intrahepatic CD8+ T Cells and NKT Cells Causes Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Liver Cancer via Cross-Talk with Hepatocytes
Authors: Monika Julia Wolf, Arlind Adili, Kira Piotrowitz, Zeinab Abdullah, Yannick Boege, Kerstin Stemmer, Marc Ringelhan, Nicole Simonavicius, Michèle Egger, Dirk Wohlleber, Anna Lorentzen, Claudia Einer, Sabine Schulz, Thomas Clavel, Ulrike Protzer, Christoph Thiele, Hans Zischka, Holger Moch, Matthias Tschöp, Alexei V. Tumanov, Dirk Haller, Kristian Unger, Michael Karin, Manfred Kopf, Percy Knolle, Achim Weber, Mathias Heikenwalder
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Comparison of retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetics with and without thyroid disease.
Authors: R S Gray, B F Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Prevalence of leprosy atnd lepromatous leprosy itn the two populations Areas with Areas without Significance onchocerciasis onchocerciasis (Fisher's t test) (n=26) (n= 17) DI) =41 Total population (census) 456 177 2 366 034 Leprosy No (",,) of cases in total population 5191 (11-4) 31 080 (13 1) Of cases in each district: Mean -.LSD. .1713 -699 13 74 : 4 94 1 73 (NS) Range.83-38 0 7 0-22-0 Lepromatous leprosv No ('",) of cases in total population .. 576 (1 26) 1356 (0-57) Of cases in each district: Mean i SD.. 132 -0-47 0 65: 0-33 5-1 (P=0 001L Range. 064-290 22-1-42 differed greatly in size we tested the difference in the prevalence of leprosy and lepromatous leprosy between the 27 southern districts and several random samples of the same size from the larger central and northern areas.In all cases results remained the same.
Of Horses and Men
Authors: W.D. Tigertt, T.E. Woodward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The Massachusetts Department of Public Health column this week presents an article entitled "Equus caballus," in which Robinson examines the impact of the horse on the health of man. He notes the many shared diseases, including the equine encephalitides. In one of these, that caused by Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus, Equidae, because of their size and the high level of viremia, are an important amplifying link in the natural horse-mosquito-horse and horse-mosquito-man cycles. The physical characteristics of this virus make transmission to man by inhalation a constant threat in the laboratory. This editorial concerns the development of . . .
Mercury Exposure from Domestic and Imported Estuarine and Marine Fish in the U.S. Seafood Market
Authors: Elsie M. Sunderland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundMethylmercury exposure causes a variety of adverse effects on human health. Per capita estimates of mercury exposure are critical for risk assessments and for developing effective risk management strategies.ObjectiveThis study investigated the impact of natural stochasticity in mercury concentrations among fish and shellfish harvested from the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and foreign shores on estimated mercury exposures.MethodsMercury concentrations and seafood consumption are grouped by supply region (Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, and foreign shores). Distributions of intakes from this study are compared with values obtained using national FDA (Food and Drug Administration) mercury survey data to assess the significance of geographic variability in mercury concentrations on exposure estimates.ResultsPer capita mercury intake rates calculated using FDA mercury data differ significantly from those based on mercury concentration data for each supply area and intakes calculated for the 90th percentile of mercury concentrations.ConclusionsDifferences in reported mercury concentrations can significantly affect per capita mercury intake estimates, pointing to the importance of spatially refined mercury concentration data. This analysis shows that national exposure estimates are most influenced by reported concentrations in imported tuna, swordfish, and shrimp; Pacific pollock; and Atlantic crabs. Collecting additional mercury concentration data for these seafood categories would improve the accuracy of national exposure estimates.
Iodids in Goiter
Authors: W. O. Bridges
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with some interest your answer to the question of the correspondent regarding "Simple Goiter and Its Treatment," published inThe Journal, October 8, p. 1306. I was somewhat surprised that your answer contained a recommendation for the use of iodids in the treatment of simple goiter. Many years ago, I followed out this treatment to some extent without seeing any benefit from it, but I have seen several cases, in both my own and outside practice, in which I believe the iodids converted the simple goiter into exophthalmic goiter. One of these cases, which I saw two years ago, gave such positive evidence of this, that the attending physician who had administered iodids to the patient was convinced of this influence. Strange as it may seem, in the same issue ofThe Journal, p. 1329, in an abstract from the<i>Archiv für klinische Chirurgie</i>, Kocher
Controversies in Health Care Policies: Challenges to Practice
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Marshall Marinker BMJ Publishing Group, pounds sterling12.95, pp 132 ISBN 0 7279 0894 4

Policymaking in health care has three salient features: firstly, the profound uncertainties and ambiguities in medicine which masquerade as facts; secondly, the pervasiveness of conflicting ideas and values; and, thirdly, the complexity of the group process by which we come to an agreement about what to do. Marshall Marinker, the editor of Controversies in Health Care Policies, refers to these three characteristic features …
Blocking IL-25 prevents airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic asthma
Authors: Sarah J. Ballantyne, Jillian L. Barlow, Helen E. Jolin, Puneeta Nath, Alison S. Williams, Kian Fan Chung, Graham Sturton, See Heng Wong, Andrew N.J. McKenzie
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE — THEIR SCOPE AND DESIGN.
Authors: EDWARD F. WELLS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>THE INSTITUTION.</h3> <i>Capacity</i>.—The first questions to be asked in designing an institution for the insane is, What shall be its initial, and what its ultimate capacity? If these are to be the same it may be constructed upon rigid lines; if both are known only a limited degree of flexibility of design is necessary; but if, as is usually the case, the initial capacity is known, while the ultimate capacity is a decidedly unknown quantity, then the design should be so elastic that future extensions may be economically made, to any reasonable extent, without marring the symmetry or incurring any loss of balance. The truth of this proposition has been so often demonstrated that it should not only be frankly acknowledged, but heeded as well. Without going into any argument upon the subject, we should also acknowledge the fact that the irresistible tendency of the times is toward large institutions.
Vagal stimulation induces increased pulmonary vascular permeability in guinea pig.
Authors: S Liu, H P Kuo, M N Sheppard, P J Barnes, T W Evans
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The effects of vagal stimulation on pulmonary vascular permeability were studied in guinea pigs in vivo using 125I-labeled albumin as a marker of plasma extravasation. Bilateral vagus nerve stimulation (NS) significantly increased the plasma leakage index in both parenchyma and tracheobronchial tissues. The NS-induced plasma leakage in the parenchyma was unaffected by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine, the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine, the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium, or pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or capsaicin, but it was significantly potentiated by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. NS-induced tracheobronchial vascular leakage was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, hexamethonium, or capsaicin, although it was unaffected by pretreatment with phentolamine, propranolol, or 6-hydroxydopamine. By itself, NG-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, had no effect on pulmonary vascular leakage, but it significantly enhanced the NS-induced plasma leakage to parenchyma in a dose-related and L-arginine-reversible manner. Elevation of blood pressure to a similar extent as that induced by L-NAME by a phenylephrine infusion had no significant effect on the increased plasma leakage induced by NS. These results suggest that vagal stimulation increases plasma extravasation in lung parenchyma through the release of unidentified transmitter(s) in a process that is modulated by endogenous NO and catecholamines (via activation of beta-adrenoceptors), and that different mechanisms are involved in the vagally induced plasma extravasation in the pulmonary and tracheobronchial vascular beds.
Diabetic Diarrhea and Lidamidine
Authors: JOHN S. GOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1984Diabetic Diarrhea and LidamidineJOHN S. GOFF, M.D.JOHN S. GOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-6-874 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Diabetic diarrhea is a rare but distinct complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by watery stools often occurring at night, and frequently associated with incontinence. Extensive evaluation of these patients occasionally reveals a treatable cause, but usually it shows several abnormalities in concert causing the problem. A recent study has shown that these patients frequently have steatorrhea, voluminous stools, rapid whole-gut transit times, mild to moderate exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, or abnormalities of gastric emptying (1). Because these patients rarely have single problems that are treatable, such as sprue, pancreatic insufficiency, or small bowel bacterial overgrowth, the primary therapeutic...References1. GOFF J. Diabetic diarrhea: a multifactorial disorder [Abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1984;86:1091. Google Scholar2. CHANGFIELDMILLER EMR. Enterocyte α2-adrenergic receptors: yohimbine and p-aminoclonidine binding relative to ion transport. Am J Physiol. 1983;244:G76-82. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHANGBERGENSTALFIELD ERM. Diabetic diarrhea: loss of adrenergic regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte transport [Abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1983;84:1121. Google Scholar4. MCARTHURANDERSONDURBINORLOFFDHARMSA-THAPHORN KDTMK. Clonidine and lidamidine to inhibit watery diarrhea in a patient with lung cancer. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:323-5. LinkGoogle Scholar5. ROBERTSONGOLDBERGHOLLISTERWADEROBERTSON DMADR. Clonidine raises blood pressure in severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med. 1983;74:193-200. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, CO 80262 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByWhat about clonidine for diarrhoea? A systematic review and meta-analysis of its effect in humansAdrenergic mechanisms in the control of gastrointestinal motility: From basic science to clinical applicationsA double-blind crossover comparison of lidamidine, loperamide and placebo for the control of chronic diarrhoeaAtteinte du tube digestif au cours du diabète: manifestations, traitement et hypothèses pathogéniquesAntidiarrheal therapyExperimental diabetic diarrhea in ratsLidamidine's effects on the lower gastrointestinal tract: A review 1 December 1984Volume 101, Issue 6Page: 874-875KeywordsDiabetes mellitusDiarrheaIncontinence Issue Published: 1 December 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The surgical relief of transposition of the great vessels in infancy
Authors: T. G. O'Donovan, C. N. Barnard, M. S. Gotsman
Journal: Thorax (1968)

The necessity for palliative surgery in transposition of the great vessels is indicated and the basic haemodynamics of the condition are outlined. The clinical picture of infants with transposition is divided into three types, and a method of surgical treatment is suggested for the two most common types. Our technique of investigation and treatment is described and the reasons for our choice of therapy are discussed. The results of cases operated upon are presented.
XM02, the First Biosimilar G-CSF, is Safe and Effective in Reducing the Duration of Severe Neutropenia and Incidence of Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Small Cell or Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Ulrich Gatzemeier, Tudor Ciuleanu, Mircea Dediu, Elena Ganea-Motan, Heinz Lubenau, Auro Del Giglio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
885 NTBC THERAPY FOR TYROSINEMIA TYPE 1: HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH?
Authors: H.K. El-Karaksy, M.S. Rashed, R. El-Sayed, M.S. El-Raziky, N.M. El-Koofy, M.A. El-Hawary, O. Al-Dirbashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Establishment of functional imprinting of the H19 gene in human developing placentae
Authors: Yoshihiro Jinno, Yuichiro Ikeda, Kankatsu Yun, Marion Maw, Hideaki Masuzaki, Hisanobu Fukuda, Kunihiko Inuzuka, Akira Fujishita, Yoshinobu Ohtani, Tomoaki Okimoto, Tadayuki Ishimaru, Norio Niikawa
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
What should the citizen know about 'science'?
Authors: J. H. Baron
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

In a world dominated by science and technology, every citizen requires some grasp of the principles of science. How, otherwise, are non-scientists to assess the information that bombards them? In particular, they need to understand that every scientific ‘truth’ is subject to correction or modification.

In the early nineteenth century there was in some countries considerable unease about the public's ignorance of science. In 1825 Sweden set up a committee to reform schools and universities. It reported in 1829, when the great chemist Berzelius claimed ‘The literary education given to the generation that now leads in public affairs, classical languages, belles lettres and history, has resulted in nine-tenths of our civil servants and pastors not being able to explain what causes the moon to wax or wane and how it happens that the mercury rises in the barometer’.1 He persuaded his country to introduce science into schools. Here I look at public knowledge as revealed by surveys in the USA and the UK.
Traitement endoscopique des polypes de l'intestin grêle par entéroscopie à double ballon: faisabilité, résultats et complications
Authors: M Palazzo, T Maniere, B Boboc, B Landi, JM Canard, R Jian, C Cellier
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

L'entéroscopie à double ballon (EDB) à l'inverse de l'entéroscopie poussée, permet, en théorie, la réalisation de polypectomie dans l'intestin grêle. Si la rentabilité diagnostique de l'EDB est mieux connue, la faisabilité et les complications de la polypectomie du grêle restent mal évaluées. Nous rapportons notre expérience chez 10 patients pour qui un traitement endoscopique de polypes du grêle a été réalisé.
Review body considers pay for performance
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors in the NHS will receive a pay rise of 3% from 1 April, but their review body, which advises the prime minister on pay, says that it supports performance related pay. In its 1994 report, which was published last week, the review body acknowledges that there will be a shift towards pay being determined locally. But it says that it is essential that …
The effect of 1‐hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> for prolongation of leukemic transformation‐free survival in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Shigeki Motomura, Heiwa Kanamori, Takao Ohkubo, Atsuo Maruta, Fumio Kodama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Leukemic transformation (LT) free survival was studied in 30 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In 15 cases, 4-6 micrograms/day of 1-hydroxyvitamin D3 was administered, for a median duration of 17 months (D-group), other subjects had no therapy (N group). LT free survival of the D group had significant advantage over that of the N group according to the Kaplan-Meier method (P less than 0.001). In addition, 7 cases in the N group developed acute leukemia, in contrast to only one in the D group (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that oral administration of 1-hydroxyvitamin D3 prevents the progression of MDS to overt leukemia under the effect of differentiation capacity from blasts to monocytes.
Bone marrow stromal cells mediate androgenic suppression of B lymphocyte development
Authors: Nancy J. Olsen, Xiujing Gu, William J. Kovacs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. We employed in vitro cultures and two in vivo models to investigate whether androgens exert these effects directly on marrow lymphoid precursors or whether actions on marrow stromal elements are required. Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. TGF-β is a candidate mediator for these hormonal effects.