tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do hospitals support disabled employees?
Authors: S. Macpherson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Background</h3> Free blood pressure (BP) checks offered by community pharmacies provide a potentially useful opportunity to diagnose and/or manage hypertension, but the accuracy of the sphygmomanometers in use is currently unknown. <h3>Aim</h3> To assess the accuracy of validated automatic BP monitors used for BP checks in a UK retail pharmacy chain. <h3>Design and setting</h3> Cross-sectional, observational study in 52 pharmacies from one chain in a range of locations (inner city, suburban, and rural) in central England. <h3>Method</h3> Monitor accuracy was compared with a calibrated reference device (Omron PA-350), at 50 mmHg intervals across the range 0–300 mmHg (static pressure test), with a difference from the reference monitor of +/− 3 mmHg at any interval considered a failure. The results were analysed by usage rates and length of time in service. <h3>Results</h3> Of 61 BP monitors tested, eight (13%) monitors failed (that is, were &gt;3 mmHg from reference), all of which underestimated BP. Monitor failure rate from the reference monitor of +/− 3 mmHg at any testing interval varied by length of time in use (2/38, 5% &lt;18 months; 4/14, 29% &gt;18 months, <i>P</i> = 0.038) and to some extent, but non-significantly, by usage rates (4/22, 18% in monitors used more than once daily; 2/33, 6% in those used less frequently, <i>P</i> = 0.204). <h3>Conclusion</h3> BP monitors within a pharmacy setting fail at similar rates to those in general practice. Annual calibration checks for blood pressure monitors are needed, even for new monitors, as these data indicate declining performance from 18 months onwards.
Respiratory and Hemo dynamic Measurements During Anesthesia
Authors: Robert W. Virtue
Journal: JAMA (1962)

TRIFLUOROETHYL VINYL ETHER (Fluoromar) is a promising new gaseous anesthetic agent which is virtually noninflammable and produces minimal gastrointestinal irritation. The effects of this agent on cardiac output have not been previously reported. Therefore, in this investigation the effects of this agent on the cardiovascular system, and in particular on the cardiac output, were studied and compared with values obtained with halothane (Fluothane). Ten healthy volunteers, 22 to 38 years of age, were the subjects. Following a 16-hour fast, the group was studied ( a ) while awake, ( b ) during trifluoroethyl vinyl ether anesthesia, and (c) during halothane anesthesia; each was maintained at electroencephalogram (EEG) level 4, as reported by Mayo, Bickford, and Faulconer. Intravenously, 0.3 to 0.4 mg. of scopolamine or atropine was given. No opiates, barbiturates, or tranquilizing agents were used. During each of the study periods, cardiac output was measured in duplicate by the indicator-dilution
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-ranging study of tirofiban (MK-383) platelet IIb/IIIa blockade in high risk patients undergoing coronary angioplasty
Authors: J. Kereiakes, Neal S. Kleiman, John Ambrose, Marc Cohen, Samuel Rodriguez, Theresa Palabrica, Howard C. Herrmann, Joseph M. Sutton, W.Douglas Weaver, Donna B. McKee, Virginia Fitzpatrick, Frederic L. Sax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. The objectives of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized dose-ranging study were 1) to examine the safety and tolerability of tirofiban (MK-383), a new nonpeptide platelet IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, on a background of intravenous heparin and aspirin therapy; 2) to study the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of tirofiban; and 3) to evaluate the incidence of adverse cardiac outcomes (urgent repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction and death) with tirofiban versus placebo in a high risk subset of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Background. Abrupt vessel closure complicates 4% to 8% of angioplasty procedures. Recent data have suggested that agents that antagonize the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor may reduce the incidence of adverse ischemic outcomes after coronary angioplasty. Methods. Seventy-three patients received tirofiban in three sequential dose panels and 20 patients received placebo. Patients within each panel were randomized to receive either tirofiban or placebo in a 3:1 randomization design. Bolus doses of 5, 10 and 10 μg/kg and continuous infusion (16 to 24 h) doses of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 μg/kg per min were administered in panel I, II and III, respectively. Patients received concomitant heparin and aspirin for the angioplasty procedure. Data on patients receiving placebo (heparin and aspirin only) were pooled across panels for comparisons. The pharmacodynamic effect of tirofiban on ex vivo platelet aggregation to 5 μmol/liter adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and bleeding times were measured. Clinical outcomes were assessed in all patients, but the power to detect clinically meaningful differences (a one-third reduction in clinical events) between groups was limited (5%). Results. Tirofiban was associated with a dose-dependent inhibition of ex vivo ADP-mediated platelet aggregation that was sustained during intravenous infusion and resolved rapidly after drug cessation. Adverse bleeding events, largely related to vascular access site hemorrhage, were slightly increased at the highest dose. Adverse clinical outcomes were infrequent in all patients and were not different among the small number of patients within each group. Conclusions. Thi study establishes a rational and generally well tolerated dosing regimen for administration of tirofiban as adjunctive therapy in high risk angioplasty patients. The impact of tirofiban on adverse clinical outcomes after angioplasty awaits definition by a larger clinical trial.
Condyloma acuminatum and squamous papilloma of the palate.
Authors: L Michaels, E Benjamin
Journal: BMJ (1993)

even exceeds 50%.6 Britain has the highest pro- portion of population over 75 of any country in Europe.The World Health Organisation-International Society of Hypertension guidelines for initiating treatment in hypertension include a six month period of monthly reviews.8Is it seriously suggested that the entire elderly population should be regularly screened, that a clear majority should be followed up monthly for six months, and that half should be treated for life on the basis of even the most optimistic interpretation of the trial data?I submit that there are logistical, financial, and indeed ethical questions to be addressed first.
Improving quality in hospital induction programmes
Authors: S. J Ward
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An effective and high quality introduction to a new place of work intuitively seems a sensible idea. Meeting new staff and finding out their individual practices and patterns of work ought to help the efficiency of the hospital and the smooth running of a department, while at the same time facilitating an untroubled handover of responsibilities and patient care. These are noble aims but they are not always satisfied. Almost every doctor will remember finding out peculiarities about a post that they wished they had known at the start of their job. Things go wrong or are delayed, staff and patients get frustrated, complaints may start, and all while the new staff are “finding their feet.” These difficulties are particularly prevalent in the NHS around August and February each year, as fresh intakes of trainees come to terms with the challenges of their new jobs. A risk management strategist or a quality control expert would have much to comment on.

An induction programme is mandatory for new preregistration house officers.1 Induction is also recommended for all other new trainees, although the programme content and format are not specified in detail.2-7 Most hospitals currently run some form of induction programme, but their length and content vary.3 It would be reassuring to think that this variety is due to a prior assessment of the differing expectations, needs, and requirements of the diverse group of trainees encountered at induction programmes, but there is little evidence to support this. More likely reasons for the diversity in programmes are differences in published lists of suggested topics,1 5 or the differing availability of local speakers, or simply tradition and political correctness. What published research there is on induction3 8 concentrates solely on preregistration house officers and does not discuss the lost and breeding tribe …
Skeletal muscle glycogen content in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Oliver Selberg, Eva Radoch, Gerhard Franz Walter, Manfred James Müller
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We investigated stable cirrhotic patients for muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsy samples were taken of 14 patients after overnight fasting. Electron microscopy showed normal intracellular distribution of glycogen (n = 8). Muscle glycogen concentration was 16.5 +/- 7.1 gm/kg wet muscle weight (normal range, 10 to 20 gm/kg). Basal, early postabsorptive, exercise-induced and insulin-induced respiratory quotients as well as insulin sensitivity (euglycemic clamp technique, 7.2 pmol insulin/kg body weight/min) and glucose tolerance were assessed. The glucose disposal rate was 23.0 +/- 10.1 mumol/kg/min (mean +/- S.D.), indicating moderate insulin resistance in these patients. We found no association between basal muscle glycogen content and basal or postprandial respiratory quotient, insulin sensitivity, nutritional status or glucose tolerance. However, there was a positive correlation between muscle glycogen content and exercise, as well as insulin-induced respiratory quotient (r = 0.651, p < 0.03 and r = 0.587, p < 0.03, respectively). We conclude that postabsorptive muscle glycogen stores, which are effectively maintained in patients with cirrhosis, are one determinant of exercise-induced and insulin-induced whole body fuel metabolism in these patients.
THE JENNER TRUST
Authors: J. Macrae
Journal: JAMA (1967)

For some years physicians in the West Country have felt that Jenner's memory has been inadequately commemorated in his birthplace, Berkeley. The recent opening of Berkeley Castle to the public and the vast influx of visitors to see this magnificent building has brought an even greater number of visitors to Berkeley, many of whom have been disappointed at the condition of Jenner's "Temple of Vaccinia." This has been particularly true of visitors from the United States. It should be explained that the Temple of Vaccinia is the summerhouse in the garden of Jenner's house which he built as a form of surgery to vaccinate the poor. It was, therefore, decided by several physicians in Bristol that a more concrete memorial to Jenner should be planned, and steps have been taken to form a Jenner Trust. It is the intention of the trust to form a small museum and preserve the
Defective innervation of heart in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Authors: R H Lloyd-Mostyn, P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Heart rate responses to autonomic stimulation and inhibition were studied in 13 diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Parasympathetic function was impaired in all patients and sympathetic function in most. One patient9s heart appeared to be totally denervated. The consequences of cardiac denervation include tachycardia, a fixed heart rate, and a possible tendency to cardiac dysrhythmias, which caused spontaneous cardiac arrests in three patients.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): why biopsy?
Authors: A McNair
Journal: Gut (2002)

The leading article by Day ( Gut2002;50:585–8 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ) provides a valuable summary of the current understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical relevance of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The article also makes two points clear: (a) we have little ability to provide accurate prognostic information in an individual patient, even when liver histology is available, and (b) although there is the promise of new treatments, the only known effective therapy at present, for the obese patient, is weight loss. Why then should these patients be subjected to liver biopsy? Day proposes that a subgroup of patients with suspected fatty liver should undergo biopsy, including those with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) more than twice the upper limit of normal, aspartate aminotransferase >ALT values, “moderate” central obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Gastroenterologists are commonly referred patients fulfilling these criteria but is liver biopsy likely to affect their management? The only therapeutic option at present is weight loss and all obese patients should of course lose weight, whether they have simple steatosis, NASH, or even normal liver biochemistry. A number of arguments may be used to justify liver biopsy in these patients; histopathology may reveal unexpected findings and the results may allow more accurate prognostic information to be given to the patient. Sherwood and colleagues1 identified 342 patients found on screening by their general practitioner to have liver enzymes raised above twice the normal upper limit who had not been referred to a specialist for further assessment. Of these, less than half were thought to require further investigation, approximately one third of whom had normal results on repeat testing. Following investigation of the remainder in a gastroenterology clinic, alcoholic liver disease and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DDay%26rft.auinit1%253DC%2BP%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D585%26rft.epage%253D588%26rft.atitle%253DNon-alcoholic%2Bsteatohepatitis%2B%2528NASH%2529%253A%2Bwhere%2Bare%2Bwe%2Bnow%2Band%2Bwhere%2Bare%2Bwe%2Bgoing%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.50.5.585%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11950797%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=50/5/585&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F51%2F6%2F898.atom
Association of Interleukin-6 and Hypoaldosteronism in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Ung-il Chung, Yuji Tanaka, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: Patients with cancer may have a variety of metabolic and immunologic abnormalities that are thought to be caused by different humoral factors secreted by the tumors and are called pa...
Trinucleotide repeats of programmed cell death-1 gene are associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yoshihisa Hiromine, Hiroshi Ikegami, Tomomi Fujisawa, Koji Nojima, Yumiko Kawabata, Shinsuke Noso, Katsuaki Asano, Aya Fukai, Toshio Ogihara
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Hollywood Lobbyists and TV Execs Promote Health
Authors: A. Jacobs-Perkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Hollywood Lobbyists and TV Execs Promote Health Get access Andree Jacobs-Perkins Andree Jacobs-Perkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 4, 21 February 1990, Pages 257–258, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.4.257 Published: 21 February 1990
183 Decreased leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal microcirculation of rats with portal hypertension: Role of L-selectin?
Authors: A. Geerts, I. Colle, A. De Vriese, S. Mortier, S. Mortier, H. Van Vlierberghe, N. Lameire, M. De Vos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Prolonged Administration of <scp>l</scp> -Arginine Ameliorates Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Rats
Authors: Yoshihide Mitani, Kazuo Maruyama, Minoru Sakurai
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Endothelium-dependent nitric oxide–mediated vasodilation is impaired in rats with pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by chronic hypoxia or by monocrotaline injection. We therefore investigated whether the prolonged administration of the nitric oxide precursor l -arginine would alleviate PH in both rat models. Methods and Results Fifty-nine rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (380 mm Hg, 10 days) or room air and injected intraperitoneally with l -arginine (500 mg/kg), d -arginine (500 mg/kg), or saline once daily from day −3 to day 10. An additional 38 rats injected subcutaneously with monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) or saline were treated similarly with l -arginine or saline from day −3 to day 17. At the end of the experiment, awake mean pulmonary arterial pressure was determined. The heart was dissected to weigh the right ventricle, and the lungs were obtained for vascular morphometric analysis. Hypoxic rats developed PH (30.8±0.7 versus 19.2±0.4 mm Hg in controls; P &lt;.05) and right ventricular hypertrophy. Their pulmonary arterial wall thickness and the proportion of muscular arteries in the peripheral arteries increased. l -Arginine but not d -arginine reduced PH (24.8±0.7 mm Hg; P &lt;.05), right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular disease. Monocrotaline rats developed PH (34.9±2.1 versus 18.8±1.2 mm Hg in controls; P &lt;.05), right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular disease. Again, l -arginine reduced PH (24.3±1.7 mm Hg; P &lt;.05), right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular disease. Conclusions We conclude that l -arginine ameliorated the changes associated with PH in rats, perhaps by modifying the endogenous nitric oxide production.
Calcium signalling in endothelial cells
Authors: Q Tran
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Vascular endothelial cells are ubiquitous for their presence in each and every vessel and unique for their multifunctional nature. A large number of endothelial functions depend to various extents on changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Reviewed are endothelial Ca2+ stores, Ca2+ channels, and in-out-in Ca2+ signalling events, from ligand-binding on the plasma membrane into depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and therefrom out to transplasmalemmal Ca2+ entry that is of prime importance for many endothelial functions. Special emphasis is placed on mechanisms regulating store-operated Ca2+ entry including a Ca2+ influx factor, the vesicle secretion-like model, the conformational coupling model, the membrane potential, cytochrome P450, protein tyrosine kinase, myosin light chain kinase and nitric oxide.
Analysis of JAK2<sup>V617F</sup> mutation in Chinese patients with myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Suning Chen, Hairong Fei, Ri Zhang, Yongquan Xue, Jinlan Pan, Yafang Wu, Jiannong Ceng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

It is now well-recognized that the activating JAK2(V617F) mutation occurs in the majority of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and approximately half of those with either essential thrombocythemia (ET) or myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). Here we analyzed JAK2(V617F) mutation in 137 Chinese patients with myeloproliferative disorders by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA was extracted from methanol/acetic acid-fixed cells that had been routinely prepared for cytogenetic analysis. A single point mutation (Val617Phe) was identified in JAK2 in 42 (73.7%) of 57 patients with PV, 40 (58.8%) of 68 with ET, and eight (66.7%) of 12 with MMM.
Dyslipidemias Among Normoglycemic Members of Familial NIDDM Pedigrees
Authors: Mary Catherine Schumacher, Teresa M Maxwell, Lily L Wu, Steven C Hunt, Roger R Williams, Steven C Elbein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia among relatives of NIDDM probands will increase the prevalence of DLPs, we measured insulin levels and examined the frequency of DLPs among NIDDM pedigree members. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed 2-h 75-g OGTTs and measured lipid and insulin levels of 287 family members and 86 spouses from 16 large Utah pedigrees ascertained for ≥ 2 siblings with NIDDM. RESULTS One-hour insulin levels were higher among 206 family members with NGT than among 65 NGT spouses (483.3 vs. 361.7 pM, P = 0.05). Among the NGT family members, 32% had cholesterol levels at or above the age- and sex-specific 90th percentile level defined by the LRC studies, 33% had HDL levels ≤ 10th percentile, and 20% had triglyceride levels ≥ 90th percentile. DLP (any of the three abnormalities) was found among 58% of NGT family members, which was significantly higher than the expected 27% (P &amp;lt; 0.00001) and the prevalence among spouses of 45% (P &amp;lt; 0.05). By NCEP criteria for hyperlipidemia, 40% of family members met criteria for diet and/or pharmacological therapy. CONCLUSIONS Normoglycemic members of NIDDM pedigrees have a high prevalence of DLPs, which approaches the prevalence in patients with NIDDM. Our data suggest that members of NIDDM pedigrees should be screened carefully for lipid abnormalities.
117 GENE DELIVERY OF DIMETHYLARGININE DIMETHYLAMINOHYDROLASE-1 REDUCES PORTAL PRESSURE IN BILE DUCT-LIGATED RATS
Authors: G. Mehta, V. Sharma, A. Habtesion, V. Balasubramaniyan, N.A. Davies, R. Jalan, V.S. Budhram-Mahadeo, R.P. Mookerjee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The Pituitary and Idiopathic Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Edward G. Biglieri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN the past, when the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was suspected in patients who presented with hypertension, hypokalemia, and increased urinary aldosterone production, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplastic tissue was frequently found at surgery and removed without correction of high blood pressure. Presumably, some such patients had secondary hyperaldosteronism due to unrecognized hyperreninemic states. The subsequent development of techniques to assess renin levels made it easy to distinguish between cases of primary and secondary aldosteronism. Yet, a small number of patients with primary aldosteronism and bilateral adrenal macronodular or micronodular hyperplasia were still not cured by subtotal or total adrenalectomy.1 Such patients . . .
Talking cure and curing talk
Authors: M. Little
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

I don't feel that I know you, but I have a strong feeling that you regard 2005 as being a long time ago and as having been medically naive. Our views about genetics, cloning and cures for cancer probably look old-fashioned. Dear reader in 2055 you undoubtedly know a great deal more, and have quite different ideas, about the realities of resource allocation, bioethics, and poverty. AIDS and SARS control will be accepted parts of your life, and somewhat passe as items of interest.