tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Involuntary movements and the pill.
Authors: E R Bickerstaff
Journal: BMJ (1969)

This letter refers to a previous article describing patients who had been taking oral contraceptives as having involuntary movements diagnosed as chorea.  In the writers patients there were no previous histories of chorea as in the cases described.  Also onset of symptoms in his cases was more abrupt and disappeared more rapidly on discontinuing the therapy.  1 of his patients had shown evidence of vertebro-basilar vascular insufficiency before the involuntary movements appeared.  He therefore emphasizes that any transient evidence of cerebral arterial insufficiency should be looked upon as a warning sign and the therapy discontinued.  As this type of Sydenhams chorea is not common when it is diagnosed inquiry should be made as to the use of progestogen-estrogen preparations which may have been prescribed for other than contraceptive purposes.
A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression
Authors: L. Appleby, R. Warner, A. Whitton, B. Faragher
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To study the effectiveness of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in depressive illness in postnatal women: to compare fluoxetine and placebo, six sessions and one session of counselling, and combinations of drugs and counselling. <b>Design:</b> Randomised, controlled treatment trial, double blind in relation to drug treatment, with four treatment cells: fluoxetine or placebo plus one or six sessions of counselling. <b>Subjects:</b> 87 women satisfying criteria for depressive illness 6-8 weeks after childbirth, 61 (70%) of whom completed 12 weeks of treatment. <b>Setting:</b> Community based study in south Manchester. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Psychiatric morbidity after 1, 4, and 12 weeks, measured as mean scores and 95% confidence limits on the revised clinical interview schedule, the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale and the Hamilton depression scale. <b>Results:</b> Highly significant improvement was seen in all four treatment groups. The improvement in subjects receiving fluoxetine was significantly greater than in those receiving placebo. The improvement after six sessions of counselling was significantly greater than after a single session. Interaction between counselling and fluoxetine was not statistically significant. These differences were evident after one week, and improvement in all groups was complete after four weeks. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling given as a course of therapy are effective treatments for non-psychotic depression in postnatal women. After an initial session of counselling, additional benefit results from either fluoxetine or further counselling but there seems to be no advantage in receiving both. The choice of treatment may therefore be made by the women themselves. <h3>Key messages</h3> Fluoxetine, an anxiolytic antidepressant, is an effective treatment for postnatal depression A course of six sessions of a simple form of counselling derived from cognitive-behavioural therapy is more effective than a single session The drug and counselling treatments do not interact significantly, and there seems to be no advantage in receiving both In primary care, the simplest treatment after a single session of cognitive-behavioural counselling may be fluoxetine as it removes the need for additional counselling Many women with postnatal depression are reluctant to take medication, and for them a course of cognitive-behavioural counselling is as effective as an antidepressant drug
Pulmonary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Authors: H. Edward Holling
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A distinction is to be made between simple clubbing of the fingers and osteoarthropathy. The primary change in the limbs of patients with pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is an overgrowth of vascular connective tissue investing the structures in the distal part of the limb. The newly formed tissue lies over the periosteum and new bone formation takes place under it. Surrounding the joints the newly formed tissue gives the appearance of periarthritis, though there are no specific articular changes. When it invades the nail beds it gives rise to clubbing of the fingers. Osteoarthropathy is usually secondary to pulmonary disease, but it may be associated with thoracic lesions without pulmonary involvement. ment. The relevant factor may be disease of the pleura, with neural reflexes affect. ing the limbs.
Who Is Accountable for Racial Equity in Health Care?
Authors: Jan Blustein
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development of ADAMTS13 inhibitor in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Masato Yagita, Masahito Uemura, Takefumi Nakamura, Akane Kunitomi, Masanori Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Fujimura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Congenital Aneurysmal Defect of the Membranous Portion of the Ventricular Septum
Authors: RICHARD J. CLARK, PAUL D. WHITE
Journal: Circulation (1952)

A case of congenital aneurysmal defect of the ventricular septum is reported which appears to be unique in that this lesion was the only significant finding at autopsy. The patient had evidence of auriculoventricular block for a period of 26 years, at first partial and then complete. She succumbed at the age of 47 to a series of Adams-Stokes attacks which were demonstrated to be set off by paroxysmal ventricular flutter followed by ventricular tachycardia and ventricular standstill. Pertinent literature is briefly reviewed.
Cytokine-dependent gp130 receptor subunit regulates human fetal pituitary adrenocorticotropin hormone and growth hormone secretion.
Authors: I Shimon, X Yan, D W Ray, S Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

We have shown recently that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM), two members of the gp130-dependent cytokine family, stimulate murine proopiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) secretion. LIF and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) also synergistically induced in vivo ACTH secretion in fetal nonhuman primates. To elucidate the role of the gp130-related cytokines in human pituitary hormone regulation, we tested expression of gp130-related cytokine receptors in human fetal pituitaries. Using RT-PCR, mRNA expression of receptors for LIF, IL-6, and CRH, and the gp130 subunit, were all detected in fetal pituitaries of 18- and 31-wk gestation. Recombinant human IL-6, LIF, and OSM treatments of primary human fetal pituitary cultures (16-31 wk) increased ACTH secretion by up to 48% (P < 0.05) using doses of 1 nM, and when fetal cultures were cotreated with CRH, ACTH was induced five- to sixfold as compared to CRH alone (three- to fourfold; P = 0.01). Incubation with gp130-specific antibody suppressed basal and cytokine-stimulated ACTH secretion (alone or with CRH) from human fetal cells. Human POMC promoter -879/+6 fused to the luciferase reporter gene and transfected into AtT-20 cells, was stimulated by LIF (7-fold), which also exerted strong (22-fold) synergy with CRH on POMC transcription. Growth hormone (GH) release from fetal cultures was modestly stimulated (15-31%, P < 0.05), while other anterior pituitary hormones were not altered by these cytokines. Thus, physiologic concentrations of the gp130-related cytokines have direct effects on ACTH and GH regulation in the human pituitary, indicating that gp130-dependent signals serve as a paracrine system controlling early human pituitary function.
Abstract 2465: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 promotes breast cancer through regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins
Authors: Jae-Hyun Park, Morten Grønbech Rasch, Jing Qiu, Ida Katrine Lund, Zena Werb, Mikala Egeblad
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is a large family of extracellularly acting proteases. MMP9 is expressed by tumor infiltrating myeloid cells and promotes tumor progression in animal models of cancer. Yet, the identities of the in vivo MMP9 substrates are not well established. Furthermore, clinical trials with broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors have shown no therapeutic benefit. We compared the effects of deleting Mmp9 between the luminal mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu model of breast cancer, driven by expression of rodent HER2/ErbB2, and the basal-like C3(1) SV40 large T antigen (Tag) model, driven through inactivation of p53 and Rb by Tag. Interestingly, absence of MMP9 delayed tumor-onset in C3(1)-Tag mice, but had no effect in the MMTV-Neu mice. In line with these data, we found that low MMP9 expression indeed predicts good prognosis for breast cancer patients with mutant p53, but does not influence prognosis for patients with wild type p53. The insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is an established in vitro MMP9 substrate. IGFBP-1 sequesters IGF in the extracellular matrix, leading to reduced IGF receptor activity and thereby cancer cell proliferation. Proteolysis of IGFBP by MMP9 releases IGF from the matrix. Interestingly, the protein levels of IGFBP-1 were significantly increased in the C3(1)-Tag;Mmp9−/− compared to C3(1)-Tag;Mmp9+/+ tumors. In contrast, IGFBP-1 protein levels were low in the MMTV-Neu model regardless of MMP9 status. Human breast tumors did not express IGFBP-1 but instead the other family members, IGFBP-2, -3, and -4, which all are substrates for MMP9 in vitro. We found that low levels of MMP9 were a good prognostic factor only for patients with high mRNA expression levels of the IGFBPs, and not for patients with low levels of the IGFBPs. Our findings from mouse models and human patients suggest that MMP9 promotes tumor progression in breast cancer via proteolysis of IGFBPs. Furthermore, a lack of stratification of patients based on both MMP9 and IGFBPs levels might explain why MMP inhibitors showed no clinical benefit against breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2465. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2465
How the tobacco industry responded to an influential study of the health effects of secondhand smoke
Authors: M.-K. Hong
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In 1981 an influential Japanese study showed an association between passive smoking and lung cancer. This article documents the tobacco industry's attempts to refute this study by producing a credible alternative study 

In 1981 Japanese investigator Takeshi Hirayama published a cohort study examining the association of passive smoking and lung cancer among non-smoking wives of smokers in Japan.1 The study concluded that wives of heavy smokers had up to twice the risk of developing lung cancer as wives of non-smokers and that the risk was dose related. The Hirayama study was influential because it launched an extraordinary amount of critical debate 2 3 and has been one of the most frequently cited studies in regulatory proceedings, 4 5 risk assessments,6 and the media.7

The tobacco industry has used a variety of tactics to maintain scientific debate about whether secondhand smoke has any harmful effects. 5 6 8–14 We identify and analyse internal tobacco industry documents that describe the industry's response to the Hirayama study.

#### Summary points

The tobacco industry generated a study, the “Japanese spousal study,” in an attempt to refute the findings of a 1981 cohort study showing an association between secondhand exposure to tobacco smoke and lung cancer

Internal tobacco industry documents describe how the tobacco industry considered multiple strategies to conceal its involvement in the Japanese spousal study

The tobacco industry considered funding the study through the Center for Indoor Air Research, a research organisation supported by the tobacco industry, in order to hide industry involvement

The parties involved in conducting the study included a tobacco industry scientist, a tobacco industry consultant, an industry law firm, and two Japanese investigators. The consultant was the sole author of the final publication

We retrieved documents from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu/) and tobacco industry websites …
Efficacy and Safety of Fluvastatin, a New HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitor, in Elderly Hypercholesterolaemic Women
Authors: G. Baggio, O. De Candia, P.L. Forte, F. Mello, A. Andriolli, S. Donazzan, G. Valerio, M. Milani, G. Crepaldi
Journal: Drugs (1994)
CASE OF SCARLATINA: DEATH BY ARTERIAL HAeMORRHAGE FROM ULCERATION OF THE PHARYNX. (LESION OF ASCENDING PHARYNGEAL OR INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY?)
Authors: F. J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1854)

in& ge1 '. fal Xmd in the b the ventriol iedn without lceriaion aedd throught «etire l f the i c The VWop s ae, ad pef y halthy throughout.. TAe cpr-bof of e Af pr yvms ws uafey elarg The heart was pale, faibby, and its tisue readily Jaerble.Th liver Ws a state of yellow atrophy of Lebert; and thi atrophy was suspected during life, from the exstended July 13th.The rash was well out.July 16th.The pulse was weak.There was restless.ness, and occasional delirium; the rash was vivid.Am. monia and brandy were ordered, with beef-tea.
Endostomy: A New Approach to Small-Bowel Endoscopy
Authors: E. Frimberger, F. Hagenmüller, M. Classen
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

A percutaneous access to the gastrointestinal hollow organs created by new endostomy tubes permits diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in particular of the small intestine. A case of a patient with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of hitherto unknown origin, in whom enteroscopy and electrocoagulation of an angioma in the lower jejunum was performed, is presented.
Culture of human vascular endothelial cells on an RGD-containing synthetic peptide attached to a starch-coated polystyrene surface: comparison with fibronectin-coated tissue grade polystyrene
Authors: James Holland, Leroy Hersh, Marie Bryhan, Emmanuel Onyiriuka, Linda Ziegler
Journal: Biomaterials (1996)

A synthetic peptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Lys (GRGDSPK), which includes the cell-adhesive region of fibronectin, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), was covalently bound to a dialdehyde starch (DAS) coating on a polymer surface by reductive amination. The GRGDSPK/DAS-coated surface was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). AFM and SEM revealed a uniform, roughened, textured surface, much more so than standard polymer or adhesive protein-coated polymer surfaces. XPS showed that GRGDSPK binding to DAS occurred in dose-dependent fashion in the 0–200 μg ml−1 GRGDSPK concentration range, with a plateau happening in the 200–400 μg ml−1 range. AFM revealed a uniform peptide layer on the DAS surface with a maximum separation distance of 50 nm between peptides. Angle-dependent XPS showed that the peptide is present in nearly constant amounts to at least 10 nm depth of the DAS coating. The attachment, spreading and growth properties of anchorage-dependent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) on the GRGDSPK/DAS-coated polystyrene surface were compared with a standard fibronectin-coated polystyrene surface. EC adhesion, spreading and growth properties were similar for cells plated on polystyrene surfaces coated with fibronectin (5 μg cm−2) and GRGDSPK (25–50 μg ml−1)/DAS. In contrast, EC adhesion, spreading and growth performance significantly increased for cells plated on GRGDSPK (100–200 μg ml−1)/DAS compared with the fibronectin-coated surface. These findings support the conclusion that the GRGDSPK/DAS-coated surface can be substituted for an adhesive proteincoated surface in the culture of anchorage-dependent cells.
Dolichocolon: An Incidental Finding on Gallium Scintigraphy
Authors: REN-SHYAN LIU, MING-SHYAN LIN, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Dolichocolon (redundant colon) is the term used to describe the condition in which the colon is so long that it undergoes reduplication. A case of dolichocolon incidentally found with gallium scintigraphy is reported.
EU parliament calls for tougher rules on breast implants
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The European parliament has given its backing to tougher health and safety rules across the European Union on breast implants. The move follows a 10 year campaign from women whose health has deteriorated after ruptured silicone gel implants.

While ruling out a complete ban, the members of the European parliament want to see an age limit introduced whereby breast implant surgery for women under 18 would be available only on medical grounds, not for purely cosmetic reasons.

They are also supporting an end to “before and after” pictures and the introduction …
Exercise heart rates at different serum digoxin concentrations in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Authors: R Beasley, D A Smith, D J McHaffie
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Heart rate at rest and during increasing workloads was measured in a double blind study of 12 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation when serum concentrations of digoxin were nil and at low and high therapeutic values. Twelve normal subjects were studied for comparison. The heart rate at all levels of exercise in most patients with atrial fibrillation was not adequately controlled by any serum digoxin concentration tested despite a reduction in heart rate with increasing serum digoxin concentrations. Control of the resting heart rate, even in patients with high serum digoxin concentrations, did not ensure adequate control of the heart rate during work rates equivalent to regular daily activities.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activators Downregulate Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Kotaro Takeda, Toshihiro Ichiki, Tomotake Tokunou, Yuko Funakoshi, Naoko Iino, Katsuya Hirano, Hideo Kanaide, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activators, such as troglitazone (Tro), not only improve insulin resistance but also suppress the neointimal formation after balloon injury. However, the precise mechanisms have not been determined. Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and neointimal formation after angioplasty. We examined the effect of PPARγ activators on the expression of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT 1 -R) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results —AT 1 -R mRNA and AT 1 -R protein levels were determined by Northern blot analysis and radioligand binding assay, respectively. Natural PPARγ ligand 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -prostaglandin J 2 , as well as Tro, reduced the AT 1 -R mRNA expression and the AT 1 -R protein level. The PPARγ activators also reduced the calcium response of VSMCs to Ang II. PPARγ activators suppressed the AT 1 -R promoter activity measured by luciferase assay but did not affect the AT 1 -R mRNA stability, suggesting that the suppression occurs at the transcriptional level. Conclusions —PPARγ activators reduced the AT 1 -R expression and calcium response to Ang II in VSMCs. Downregulation of AT 1 -R may contribute to the inhibition of neointimal formation by PPARγ activators.
Perception of NHS hospital spending and costs amongst NHS staff
Authors: Sian Abbott, Sarah Addison
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

A questionnaire was developed and members of staff (doctors, nurses and medical students) were invited to complete it. The questions involved estimating the costs (i.e. what the hospital gets paid by the Primary Care Trust (PCT)) of routine elective and emergency procedures. They were then asked to rank the areas of expenditure of the hospital, i.e. where the hospital spends most of its budget. The survey was anonymous. The results were analysed and compared to data supplied by the hospital finance team. Costs of treatment were calculated using the National Healthcare Resource Group (HRG) codes.
Boxing Up the Office
Authors: Brenda Butka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Ad Libitum17 March 2015Boxing Up the OfficeBrenda Butka, MDBrenda Butka, MDFrom Nashville, Tennessee.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2445 Audio Reading - “Boxing Up the Office” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Boxing Up the Office," by B. Butka. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The wall plaques for service,patient satisfaction,devotion, just doing the job—much more permanentthan the job, than me.My heirs care less than I do(which isn't much) aboutservice to St. Thomas in 1992,commitment to rehabilitation,pulmonary disease, the old hospital.That time was excellent,as it is now,packed with all of us—our smells, our regulation sadness,bills, paper cups, telephone calls—but this squareof leaden wood is not a memory,does not bear my nostalgia,is good for nothing now, notgood for much new.send ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Nashville, Tennessee.Current Author Address: Brenda Butka, MD; e-mail, brenda.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Boxing Up the Office” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Boxing Up the Office," by B. Butka. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 March 2015Volume 162, Issue 6Page: 464KeywordsBurnsMemoryPulmonary diseasesSmell ePublished: 17 March 2015 Issue Published: 17 March 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
J. A. RAWLINGS, M.R.C.P.Ed
Authors: W. L. Griffiths
Journal: BMJ (1934)

he attempted.-Hewas a keen and excellent shot, and one's mind goes back to many pleasant Saturdays with him and his son-whose untimely death was so great a blow--on a little shooting near Edinburgh, where there was no keeper and each of the three carried a game-bag, and where the day was often prolonged till the mile to the station had to be covered at a trot!On such days as these his habitual reserve vanished, and no more genial companion could have been desired.In his younger days he was, after W. G. Grace, one of-the best amateur batsmen in England.