tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Non-mydriatic Polaroid photography in screening for diabetic retinopathy: evaluation in a clinical setting
Authors: D Jones, J Dolben, D R Owens, J P Vora, S Young, F M Creagh
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Because of fears that Polaroid colour prints produced with a non-mydriatic fundus camera may not detect important sight threatening lesions in diabetes a study was conducted comparing retinal images obtained on Polaroid prints taken in "field" conditions with those on 35 mm transparencies and fluorescein angiograms. Almost one in five (22/127) Polaroid prints could not be assessed owing to poor quality compared with 3 (2.4%) 35 mm transparencies and 2 (1.6%) fluorescein angiograms. The pick up rate of microaneurysms, haemorrhages, and hard and soft (cotton wool spots) exudates was equivalent for Polaroid prints and 35 mm transparencies of equivalent quality. In two cases with disc new vessels, however, these were not seen on the Polaroid prints. The widespread use of Polaroid colour prints obtained with a non-mydriatic camera without the necessary operative and interpretive skills further limits the usefulness of the technique.
Orally Administered Zomepirac and Parenterally Administered Morphine
Authors: William H. Forrest
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A double-blind study comparing the analgesic efficacy of orally administered zomepirac sodium with intramuscularly (IM) administered morphine sulfate was conducted in 109 patients with acute postoperative pain. Single treatments were administered within 48 hours of surgery, and subjective responses were obtained from patients by specially employed trained nurses. Pain relief achieved with both doses of orally administered zomepirac sodium at 100 mg and 200 mg was similar, and analgesia with each dose of zomepirac was significantly better than that obtained with IM administered morphine sulfate at 8 mg. There were no unusual side effects with either drug. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2298-2302, 1980)
On Occupational Hazards, Medical Resources — Personal Postscript and Forward Planning
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

AT first sight Lord Robens, the chairman of the National Coal Board, might seem an unusual choice for the opening speaker at a clinical meeting. But the occasion was unusual because the Annual Clinical Meeting of the British Medical Association in Londonderry in April was held in association with the Society of Occupational Medicine, and as an industrialist, Lord Robens is keenly interested in all aspects of occupational health. He said that industrial disputes are only one way of measuring discontent on the factory floor. Absenteeism, high labor turnover, restrictive practices and high accident rates are important criteria. As an . . .
Aerosol Ergotamine Tartrate for Migraine and Horton's Syndrome
Authors: John R. Graham, Bonnie P. Malvea, Herbert F. Gramm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ERGOTAMINE tartrate is still the most reliable agent for relief of the migraine attack. It is similarly useful in Horton's syndrome, which many classify as a variant of migraine. Numerous factors need consideration regarding its most efficacious and convenient method of administration. Chief among these is reliability of absorption of the drug into the systemic circulation so that dependable effectiveness may be counted upon from a given dose. Avoidance of unpleasant side effects is also important. Since ergotamine is most effective when given early in the attack, availability when needed and convenience of administration prove to be important considerations. The . . .
TCT-282 The REMEDEE OCT study: A prospective randomized study of the early vascular healing of a novel Dual Therapy Stent in comparison with an everolimus eluting stent
Authors: Ulf Landmesser, William Wijns, Emanuele Barbato, Pasi Karjalainen, Robbert de Winter, Stefan Verheye, Jonathan Hill, Wojciech Wojakowski, Erik Ligtenberg, Stephen Rowland, Hiram Bezerra, Marco Costa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A New Method of Estimating United States and State-level Cancer Incidence Counts for the Current Calendar Year
Authors: L. W. Pickle, Y. Hao, A. Jemal, Z. Zou, R. C. Tiwari, E. Ward, M. Hachey, H. L. Howe, E. J. Feuer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

The American Cancer Society (ACS) has published the estimated number of new cancer cases and deaths in the current year for the United States that are commonly used by cancer control planners and the media. The methods used to produce these estimates have changed over the years as data (incidence) and statistical models improved. In this paper we present a new method that uses statistical models of cancer incidence that incorporate potential predictors of spatial and temporal variation of cancer occurrence and that account for delay in case reporting and then projects these estimated numbers of cases ahead 4 years using a piecewise linear (joinpoint) regression method. Based on evidence presented here that the new method produces more accurate estimates of the number of new cancer cases for years and areas for which data are available for comparison, the ACS has elected to use it to estimate the number of new cancer cases in Cancer Facts & Figures 2007 and in Cancer Statistics, 2007.
IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms in the treatment of hepatitis C
Authors: Christian M. Lange, Stefan Zeuzem
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variations near the IL28B gene which are strongly associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Protective IL28B variations are strongly associated with on-treatment viral kinetics and approximately 2-fold increased sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in HCV genotype 1 and 4 patients. In HCV genotype 1 patients, IL28B variations were shown to be the strongest pre-treatment predictor of virologic response. In the treatment of HCV genotype 2 and 3 infected patients, IL28B variations play only a minor role. Preliminary data indicate that IL28B variations are also associated with treatment outcome of regimens, including directly acting antiviral (DAA) agents, though their impact seems to be attenuated compared to standard treatment. Here, we review these important findings and discuss possible implications for clinical decision making in the treatment of HCV infection.
PANTOTHENIC ACID DEFICIENCY INDUCED IN HUMAN SUBJECTS 1
Authors: William B. Bean, Robert E. Hodges, Kate Daum, James T. Bradbury, Ruth Gunning, Josefine Manresa, William Murray, Patricia Oliver, Joseph I. Routh, Harold P. Schedl, Mary Townsend, I. Chu Tung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Bean and Hodges (1) gave a preliminary report of four young men in whom clinical disorders and metabolic faults were induced by a "diet" devoid of pantothenic acid, with omega-methylpantothenic acid, a vitamin antagonist (Figure 1).It is proposed here to describe details of the experiments, results, and some interpretations.The background for using molecular antagonists (2, 3) in human nutrition had been explored previously using antagonists to nicotinic acid (4).Among the accepted B-complex vitamins, pan- tothenic acid has been most puzzling in human nu- trition.Its discovery by Williams, Lyman, Good- year, Truesdail, and Holaday (5) and its presence in coenzyme A (6) suggested metabolic functions in man.Its employment in treating undernour- ished persons yielded no clue.Data from experimental animals revealed that the principal mani- festations of its deficiency are those of adrenal cortical failure, accompanied by low plasma cho- lesterol, gastrointestinal symptoms and lesions, impaired antibody production, neurological lesions and alterations of the epidermis (7-11).The function of pantothenic acid in animals has been clarified by Drell, Dunn and their co-workers (12-15) who synthesized omega-methylpantothenic acid, demonstrated that it antagonized pantothenic acid, determined its toxicity in animals and showed that its deleterious effects could be re- versed or prevented by pantothenic acid.Some of these observations were verified and extended by Shils (16). PROCEDURESEarly in 1950 we tried to induce pantothenic acid de- ficiency in a healthy young man.With the principle of metabolic antagonists well established, with pantothenic
Outcome of flexible training in East Anglian region
Authors: K H Matheson, J S G Biggs
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Part time training for doctors, now known as flexible training, began in the late 1960s. This study aimed to find the outcome for part time trainees who had done all or part of their training in East Anglian Regional Health Authority.

In 1993 a questionnaire, with an explanatory letter, was sent to all doctors who had been part time trainees in two training schemes established by the former Department of Health and Social Security.2,3

The total number of trainees during 1972–93 was 101; only one was a man. In all, 69 replies were received from the 84 traceable trainees (response rate 82%); 63 respondents held hospital posts and six worked in public health medicine or in community paediatics.

The table compares the grade of posts …
Abstract 983: Intratumor heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer inferred by multi-region exome sequencing
Authors: Elza D. Bruin, Nicholas McGranahan, Lucy Yates, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Max Salm, Richard Mitter, Seema Shafi, Nirupa Murugaesu, Andrew Rowan, Marco Gerlinger, David Wedge, Stuart Horswell, Ignacio Varela, Warren Tom, Chaitali Parikh, Timothy Harkins, Clarence Lee, Nik Matthews, Aengus Stewart, Peter Campbell, Charles Swanton
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite improvements in molecular diagnosis and targeted therapies, the 5-years overall survival remains poor. To obtain a better insight into the genetic architecture of the most common type of lung cancer, non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), we performed multi-region DNA sequencing on 7 resected NSCLC samples. Ultra-deep sequencing of a comprehensive cancer gene panel and whole-exome sequencing revealed intratumor heterogeneity in all samples, with several putative tumor driver mutations present in some but not all regions of a tumor. Phylogenetic tree analyses based on non-synonymous mutations revealed a branched evolution pattern in all tumors. An adenosquamous tumor showed striking intratumor heterogeneity, with only a third of all non-synonymous mutations shared across all tumor regions, and clear separation of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumor regions in the remaining two-third of the mutations. Our multi-region exome sequencing data also revealed regional differences in DNA copy number alterations. Some tumors, relatively homogeneous in terms of mutations, displayed high levels of intratumor heterogeneity in terms of DNA copy number changes, indicating the presence of distinct patterns of intratumor heterogeneity that might contribute to disease progression in different tumours. Overall, our multi-region deep exome sequencing data revealed intratumor heterogeneity in NSCLC, demonstrating branched evolution, both in terms of non-synoymous mutations and DNA copy number alterations, which has important implications for our understanding of the clonal evolution of NSCLC. Citation Format: Elza De Bruin, Nicholas McGranahan, Lucy Yates, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Max Salm, Richard Mitter, Seema Shafi, Nirupa Murugaesu, Andrew Rowan, Marco Gerlinger, David Wedge, Stuart Horswell, Ignacio Varela, Warren Tom, Chaitali Parikh, Timothy Harkins, Clarence Lee, Nik Matthews, Aengus Stewart, Peter Campbell, Charles Swanton. Intratumor heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer inferred by multi-region exome sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 983. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-983
PFI schemes should be vigorously opposed
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The annual representative meeting of the BMA last week called for the association to pursue its opposition to the private finance initiative (PFI), to fund schemes to inform the public of the long term implications of PFI, and to commission an audit of existing PFI schemes in the NHS.

Dr Simon Sherwood, a London GP, said that the public was unaware of the damaging effects of the schemes. They were a bad deal for …
The genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease VI. Recombination between genes determining the A/J anti-nuclease idiotypes and the heavy chain allotype locus.
Authors: D S Pisetsky, D H Sachs
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Rat antisera detecting binding site-specific idiotypic determinants on anti-nuclease antibodies from A/J mice have been used to define the A/J anti-nuclease idiotype and to investigate its genetic linkage as a variable region marker. Analysis of the segregation of the A/J idiotype in progeny of the backcross (B10.A X A/J) X B10.A showed linkage of the idiotype to the Ig-1e heavy chain allotype locus. There was, however, a very high apparent frequency of recombination, with 7 of 101 backcross animals having a recombinant phenotype. All of these putative recombinants were accounted for by Ig-1b/Ig-1b homozygotes which bore the A/J idiotype, and none by Ig-1b/Ig-1e heterozygotes lacking the idiotype. On progeny testing of these animals in another backcross to B10.A the recombinant trait bred true. If this idiotype is indeed a marker for variable region structural genes, then the germ line gene pool must be very large or there must be special genetic mechanism to account for the increased recombinational frequency observed.
SLIPPED EPIPHYSIS OF THE HEAD OF THE FEMUR
Authors: J. J. Robb
Journal: BMJ (1929)

DISEASIES of the middle ear, whether of the d-y or suppura- tive tvpe, tend to run a chronic coutrse unless they are dealt withi plomptly and energetically.Adequiate treat- meant can be ensured only if the patient is seeni regularly; but in hospital practice, where patients are drawn from the working classes, one often finds that *the patient's regular attendance can be secured only at tthe risk of llis losinlg llis work.Dry conditions of the miiiddle ear wlhichl have failed to derive benefit from catheterization and' m-assage frequently respo-nd to treatment by intravenous injection of colloid iodi-ne; suppurative otitis media is, however, a far more seriious and dangerous type of.disease, and failure to treat it adequately has undoubtedly been responsible for a large number of operations on the teinporal bone.
Outcomes of Stroke Patients in Medicare Fee for Service and Managed Care
Authors: Sheldon M. Retchin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Increasing numbers of Medicare beneficiaries have been enrolling in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) because HMO participation reduces out-of-pocket expenses, and the federal government views HMOs as a way to contain Medicare costs. However, results comparing outcomes and quality of care in HMOs vs fee for service (FFS) have been mixed, and outcomes after stroke have not been adequately assessed.To compare discharge destinations and survival rates following stroke in Medicare HMOs with similar FFS settings.An observational study for 2 groups evaluating stroke patients' discharge destinations and survival times from the date of hospital admission.A total of 19 HMOs were selected from 12 states. The FFS sample was drawn from the same geographic areas.The sample included 402 HMO patients from 71 hospitals and 408 FFS patients from 60 hospitals. PROCESS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were abstracted from medical records on demographics, clinical characteristics of stroke, comorbid illnesses, and discharge destinations following hospitalization. Data on survival were obtained from Medicare files and included 25 to 37 months of follow-up (median, 30.4 months, HMO; 31.1 months, FFS) from the date of hospital admission.There were 109 patients who died during the hospitalization (49 HMO, 12.2%; 60 FFS, 14.7%), and a total of 410 patients had died by the end of follow-up (191 HMO, 47.5%; 219 FFS, 53.7%). Approximately one fourth of both groups had do-not-resuscitate orders (HMO, 25.4%; FFS, 27.9%; P=.68). After controlling for age, marital status, and characteristics of dependency at discharge, HMO patients were more likely than FFS patients to be sent to nursing homes (HMO, 41.8%; FFS, 27.9%; P=.001) and less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation hospitals or units (HMO, 16.2%; FFS, 23.4%; P=.03). At follow-up, no significant differences in relative risk of dying were found between HMO and FFS groups (relative risk, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.26; P=.77).Patients in Medicare HMOs who experience strokes are more likely to be discharged to nursing homes and less likely to go to rehabilitation facilities following the acute event. However, they have similar survival patterns compared with comparable patients in FFS settings after adjusting for other factors.
Stem Cells for Heart Health
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Cardiac muscle cells derived from human embryonic stem cells might help repair damage from myocardial infarction, according to a study led by scientists at the University of Washington, in Seattle (Laflamme MA et al. Nat Biotechnol. doi:10.1038/nbt1327 [published online August 26, 2007]).
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A 99mTc-SnF2 COLLOID KIT FOR LEUKOCYTE LABELING
Authors: J I Hirsch, M J Fratkin, D L Apostolides
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Previously reported methods for leukocyte labeling with radiocolloid have been either nonspecific or cumbersome. We have prepared and evaluated a new kit for this purpose. Instant SnF2 colloid kits (SFC) were prepared asceptically to contain SnF2 (0.25 mg/ml) and NaF (2.00 mg/ml) at pH 6.1. One-half ml aliquots were stored at −15°C. 99mTc-labeling yielded >95% purity by ITLC-SG in acetone or saline for up to 3 no. Colloid size by EH was 1–2 micron. A mixed leukocyte pellet was obtained form 50ml canine blood sedimented with 6% HES for 1 hr and spun at 180g x 8 min. The pellet was resuspended in platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and incubated with 99mTc-SFC for 1 hr at 37°C. Labeled cells were washed and resuspended in PPP. Analysis of the cell preparation by triple discontinuous metrizamide: plasma density gradient demonstrated associated radioactivity of 81% monocytes, 14% granulocytes, 1% RBC and 5% freecolloid. Cell viability was >95% by trypan blue exclusion. Following iv administration of 5 mCi 99mTc-SFC in dog (n=2), leukocyte clearance from blood was biexponential with 26% and 3% recovery at 2 min and 2 hr respectively. The t 1/2 of the second component was 11 hr. This corresponded with initial uptake in lungs followed by clearance and localization in liver and spleen. In a dog in which a 24 hr abscess was created with turpentine (0.2 ml), vizualization occured at 1 hr but not in the control site. This study demonstrated leukocyte viability and function following labeling with 99mTc-SFC. Despite rapid blood clearance of the labeled leukocytes, a sterile abscess was vizualized. Clinical trials of this new labeling technique are planned.
The NMDA Receptor Is Coupled to the ERK Pathway by a Direct Interaction between NR2B and RasGRF1
Authors: Grigory Krapivinsky, Luba Krapivinsky, Yunona Manasian, Anton Ivanov, Roman Tyzio, Christophe Pellegrino, Yehezkel Ben-Ari, David E Clapham, Igor Medina
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Six authors in search of a citation: villains or victims of the Vancouver convention?
Authors: R J Epstein
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To analyse trends in the number of authors per article over the past 10 years. DESIGN--Analysis of articles from random volumes of eight biomedical journals. SUBJECTS--Cell, Nature, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA (PNAS), Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI), Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (BBRC), Journal of Clinical Oncology (JCO), New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Lancet. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Median and modal numbers of authors. RESULTS--All journals except Cell and Nature showed a trend towards increasing authorship numbers over the study period. The trend was most noticeable in journals such as JCO which feature clinical research. General medical journals (Lancet, NEJM) with a median of six to seven authors per article published far fewer seven author than six author studies, which suggests that author number may be influenced by the Vancouver convention which precludes citation of more than six authors. CONCLUSIONS--The phenomenon of expanding authorship in biomedical journal articles is not explained by the hypothesis that newer research technologies have necessitated more extensive collaboration. Rather, the data suggest that conferral of authorship may sometimes have a volitional component which contributes to rising author numbers. It is proposed that replacement of the Vancouver convention with a "first author, last author" citation system may help stem this rise in author numbers.
An extended local connectionist manifesto: Embracing relational and procedural knowledge
Authors: Lokendra Shastri
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Page has performed an important service by dispelling several myths and misconceptions concerning the localist approach. The localist position and computational model presented in the target article, however, are overly restrictive and do not address the representation of complex conceptual items such as events, situations, actions, and plans. Working toward the representation of such items leads to a more sophisticated and articulated view of the localist approach.
β2-Microglobulin as a Biomarker in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Andrew M. Wilson, Eiichiro Kimura, Randall K. Harada, Nandini Nair, Balasubramanian Narasimhan, Xiao-Ying Meng, Fujun Zhang, Kendall R. Beck, Jeffrey W. Olin, Eric T. Fung, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is common but commonly unrecognized. Improved recognition of PAD is needed. We used high-throughput proteomic profiling to find PAD-associated biomarkers. Methods and Results— Plasma was collected from PAD patients (ankle brachial index of &lt;0.90; n=45) and subjects with risk factors but without PAD (n=43). Plasma was analyzed with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantify 1619 protein peaks. The peak intensity of a 12-kDa protein was higher in PAD patients. Western blot analyses and immunoaffinity studies confirmed that this protein was β2-microglobulin (B2M). In a validation study, B2M was measured by ELISA in plasma in age- and gender-matched PAD (n=20) and non-PAD (n=20) subjects. Finally, we studied a larger cohort of subjects (n=237) referred for coronary angiography but without known PAD. Plasma B2M levels were higher in PAD patients than in non-PAD patients with coronary artery disease. Plasma B2M correlated with ankle brachial index and functional capacity. Independent predictors of PAD were diabetes mellitus, age, and the combination of B2M and C-reactive protein level. Conclusions— In PAD patients, circulating B2M is elevated and correlates with the severity of disease independent of other risk factors. These findings might provide a needed biomarker for PAD and new insight into its pathophysiology. Further studies in other populations are needed to confirm the utility of measuring B2M in cardiovascular disease risk assessment.