tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pigmentation and skin reaction to sun as risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: Western Canada Melanoma Study.
Authors: J M Elwood, R P Gallagher, G B Hill, J J Spinelli, J C Pearson, W Threlfall
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Between 1 April 1979 and 31 March 1981, 904 residents of the four western provinces of Canada (population 6.5 million), were diagnosed as suffering from primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Of 801 patients aged 20-79 years, 665 (83%) were interviewed along with control subjects chosen at random from the general population and matched for age, sex, and province. After exclusion of 70 subjects with lentigo maligna or acral lentiginous melanoma, comparisons of the 595 case-control pairs showed that light hair, skin, and eye colour, a history of heavy freckling in adolescence, and a tendency to burn readily and tan poorly in the sun were significant risk factors for melanoma. The strongest primary associations were with blond hair (relative risk 7.1 compared with black hair), light colour of unexposed skin (relative risk 2.4), and severe freckling (relative risk 2.1). These associations were independent of ethnic origin and of recorded amount of exposure to the sun and were somewhat stronger for superficial spreading than for nodular melanoma. This study is the largest and most detailed of an incident series of melanomas to be published to date. The results were consistent with other studies reporting associations between melanoma and poor tanning ability, a tendency to burn easily, and a history of sunburn and showed that light hair colour was the strongest risk factor for the disease.
P153 The impact of TRPV1 Antagonism on the Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: RD Murdoch, P Bareille, J Bentley, K Smart, F Horak
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Topical intranasal steroids are widely considered to be the most efficacious pharmacotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, and yet, for many, symptoms still remain troublesome. We hypothesise that the residual symptoms are a result of nasal neuronal hyperresponsiveness during the pollen season and should be ameliorated by a topical intranasal TRPV1 antagonist. SB705498 is a selective TRPV1 antagonist shown to produce significant inhibition in animal and human models involving nasal sensory nerves. <h3>Methods</h3> The study involved 70, male and female, subjects with proven rhinitis in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-way incomplete block crossover design in a well validated Allergen Challenge Chamber paradigm in Vienna. Subjects received Placebo, FP (200ug), SB705498 (12mg), or FP+498. Subjects were dosed for 8 days, within the pollen season, before being exposed to a chamber challenge on the 8th day. TNSS was the primary endpoint recorded for the 4 hours in the chamber. The comparisons of interest were FP+498 vs. FP, and 498 vs. Placebo. Additional endpoints consisted of symptoms over the 8 days of dosing, Active Anterior Rhinomanometry, Rhinoconjunctivitis QLQ, PK and tolerability. Each period was separated by 14–20 days. <h3>Results</h3> There was no evidence of a decrease in symptoms with FP+498 compared to FP alone, or for 498 compared to placebo. Statistically significant and clinically relevant reductions in TNSS compared with Placebo were observed at all time points during the challenge for FP and FP+498. The mean (95% CI) reduction in weighted mean TNSS was –2.94 (–3.38, –2.50) for FP alone and-2.28 (–2.79, –1.78) for the combination. There was no positive impact over FP, or 498 over Placebo, for Diary Card symptoms, RQLQ or Nasal Airflow. Tmax occurred at approximately 5 hrs post dose, in keeping with previous studies. SB705498 was very well tolerated. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In a robust clinical model of allergic rhinitis, there was no intrinsic activity demonstrated by SB705498 and no additive effect on a background of intranasal steroids. FP was highly effective in this study. We conclude that despite engagement of the TRPV1 receptor there was no translation to clinical efficacy, suggesting redundancy in symptom pathways.
Tendon destruction induced by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus in a patient with Sezary syndrome
Authors: O. Yamasaki, S. Morizane, H. Akiyama, K. Iwatsuki, J. Kaneko, Y. Kamio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Sir, Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an extracellular product of Staphylococcus aureus. It is a virulence factor associated with primary cutaneous necrotic lesions such as furunculosis, abscesses, and severe necrotizing pneumonia.1 Gillet et al. pointed out that PVL‐positive strains of S. aureus cause rapid progressive severe necrotic pneumonia in otherwise healthy children and young adults.2 We report an immunocompromised patient with tendon destruction associated with PVL‐positive S. aureus infection. A 62‐year‐old woman with Sézary syndrome, a leukaemic variant of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, had received oral prednisolone 10 mg daily for 2 years. She also suffered from diabetes and recurrent bacterial skin infections. She developed a painful abscess on the dorsum of her right hand associated with a low‐grade fever (Fig. 1). Laboratory investigations showed a white blood cell count of 22·4 × 109 L−1 with 51% neutrophils, 4% lymphocytes, 2·5% monocytes and 41% atypical lymphocytes. C‐reactive protein was 2·1 mg dL−1. No radiological signs of osteomyelitis were noted. Bacterial cultures from the abscess yielded methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. Polymerase chain reaction amplification detected the PVL gene from the strain, and the nucleotide sequence of PVL was confirmed by direct sequencing. Enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 were not detected in the supernantants. Blood cultures were negative. She was treated with surgical drainage and a combination of fosfomycin, albekacin sulphate and ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium. Although the abscess slowly improved, an extension disturbance of the finger appeared due to destruction of the tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle a few days later, and this did not improve.
Relationship Between Blood Pressure and Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Intracranial Arterial Stenosis
Authors: Tanya N. Turan, George Cotsonis, Michael J. Lynn, Seemant Chaturvedi, Marc Chimowitz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Many clinicians allow blood pressure to run high in patients with intracranial stenosis to protect against hypoperfusion. We sought to determine whether higher blood pressure decreases the risk of stroke in these patients. Methods and Results— Data on 567 patients in the Warfarin-Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial were analyzed. Time to ischemic stroke and stroke in the same territory of the stenotic vessel was compared in patients grouped by mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during the study. Additional analyses were based on severity and location of stenosis. Ischemic stroke risk increased with increasing mean SBP and DBP on univariate analysis ( P &lt;0.0001, P &lt;0.0001) and after adjustment for risk factors ( P =0.0008, P &lt;0.0001). Elevated mean SBP and DBP also resulted in increased risk of stroke in the territory in univariate ( P =0.0065, P &lt;0.0001) and adjusted ( P =0.0002, P =0.0005) analyses. The increased risk of stroke with increasing SBP was driven largely by patients in the highest SBP group. Patients with moderate (&lt;70%) stenosis had increased risk of stroke ( P &lt;0.0001, P =0.003) and stroke in the territory ( P =0.0002, P =0.010) with increased SBP and DBP. Patients with severe (≥70%) stenosis had increased risk of stroke and stroke in the territory with elevated DBP ( P =0.004, P =0.004). Conclusions— In patients with intracranial stenosis, higher blood pressure is associated with increased (not decreased) risk of ischemic stroke and stroke in the territory of the stenotic vessel. These findings argue strongly against the common clinical practice of maintaining high blood pressure in patients with intracranial stenosis.
Federal Health Officials Continue to Reorganize Offices for Investigating Scientific Misconduct
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

MISCONDUCT CASE processing is being overhauled at the federal level. Louis W. Sullivan, MD, secretary, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC; and James O. Mason, MD, DrPH, assistant secretary for health and head of the Public Health Service, working with representatives of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, have created a new Office of Research Integrity within the Public Health Service. Instead of the agencies that are part of the Public Health Service investigating their own charges of scientific misconduct, the new office will do it. <h3>Initial Reaction Favorable</h3> The biological research community seems to be taking a positive view of the new office. Robert J. Cousin, PhD, president of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Md, describes it as "a step in the right direction." However, Cousin calls for a tighter definition of scientific misconduct. This, he says, coupled with the opportunity
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON BED-BUGS AND LEPROSY
Authors: D. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1913)

X RAYS.[THEBaIrrXa 849 it3elf; the vessels which looked like cords appeared now like tags of wet tissue paper, and the size of the organ had dwindled to two-thirds;four days later it had further diminished to half its breadth and length.After-History.The patient recovered rapidly from shock.Three days after
Interpretation of genetic variants of uncertain significance in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: David Kavanagh, Holly E. Anderson
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

Mutations in complement proteins predispose to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). Mutation screening in aHUS is challenging, because most of the disease-associated mutations are individually rare, and a significant proportion of variants consist of missense mutations of unknown significance. The definitive interpretation of a variant of unknown significance (VUS) is often dependent on a reliable functional assay too time-consuming to be used in a diagnostic screening service. Allied research groups have analyzed these VUSs in aHUS.
Microreconstruction of Nerve Injuries
Authors: Edward Tarlov
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This fine volume contains 51 authoritative contributions from around the world dealing with the field of nerve injury, largely with a basic science orientation. There is a wealth of clinical discussion as well. Nerve injuries are dealt with by a number of surgical specialists, including neurosurgeons, plastic surgeons and hand surgeons, orthopedic surgeons, and general surgeons. It is truly a multidisciplinary field, and Dr Terzis has brought together leading experts. The question of epineurial vs perineurial repair is discussed. The additional dissection involved in a perineurial repair does not appear to pay off in terms of results. Included are a comprehensive section on facial palsy and a fine chapter on obstetric brachial plexus injuries. Free muscle grafts to compensate for deficits, injection neuropathies, free nerve grafts, models for research on nerve injuries, painful neuroma, and intercostal neurotization are all discussed. The volume is very well illustrated and referenced. Each section
Radiological Study of Sacro-Iliac Joints in Ankylosing Spondylitis with Reference to the Evolution of the Disease
Authors: J. Forestier, P. Deslous-Paoli
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Krebs (1931) stated that, in ankylosing spondylitis, sacro-iliac changes appeared early in radiographs and were almost constant.Since that time the attention of all those interested in the clinical aspects and pathogenesis of the disease has been focused on these radiological changes.Scott (1936) laid great stress on the value of radio- * This paper was presented at a clinical meeting of the Heberden Society on December 14, 1956. .
HIV Screening and Counseling for Intravenous Drug Abuse Patients
Authors: James L. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

At least one third of patients enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment program are willing to comply voluntarily with screening for and counseling about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A questionnaire about knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was answered anonymously by 79% (46) of the clinical staff and 67% (868) of the enrolled patients. On their own initiative, 21% of the patients had already received voluntary anonymous HIV screening and brief counseling, seldom discussing the result with the staff. Approximately 90% of the staff and a majority of the patients (72%) thought a voluntary HIV screening program should be offered to all patients. Almost all staff (98%), but only 50% of the patients, felt the HIV test results should be known to physicians, nurses, and counselors at the clinic. Few staff members (15%) believed that patients had changed their sex behavior; more (48%) felt that needle sharing was reduced. Patients believed methadone patients in general had changed their sex behavior (49.2%) and reduced needle sharing (62%) to prevent becoming infected. Patients reported statistically significant reductions both in number of sex partners and in personal needle sharing during the past year. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:258-262)
Effect of NO Donors on LV Diastolic Function in Patients With Severe Pressure-Overload Hypertrophy
Authors: Christian M. Matter, Lazar Mandinov, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Giuseppe Vassalli, Zihua Jiang, Otto M. Hess
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Previous experimental studies have shown that nitric oxide (NO) modulates cardiac function by an abbreviation of systolic contraction and an enhancement of diastolic relaxation. However, the response to NO donors of patients with severe pressure-overload hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction is unknown.Intracoronary NO donors were given to 17 patients with severe aortic stenosis. A dose-response curve was obtained with nitroglycerin (30, 90, and 150 microg) in 11 patients and sodium nitroprusside (1, 2, and 4 microg/min) in 6. Left ventricular (LV) high-fidelity pressure measurements with simultaneous LV angiograms were performed at baseline and after the maximal dose of NO. The dose-response curve for intracoronary NO donors showed a marked fall in LV end-diastolic pressure, from 23 to 14 mm Hg (-39%; P<0.0001), whereas LV peak systolic pressure fell only slightly, from 206 to 196 mm Hg (-4%; P<0.01). End-diastolic chamber stiffness decreased from 0.12 to 0.07 mm Hg/mL (P<0.0001) and end-systolic stiffness from 1.6 to 1.3 mm Hg/mL (P<0.01). Heart rate, right atrial pressure, LV ejection fraction, the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (tau), and LV filling rates remained unchanged.In patients with severe pressure-overload hypertrophy, intracoronary NO donors exert a marked decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure without affecting LV systolic pump function. Thus, the hypertrophied myocardium appears to be particularly susceptible to NO donors, with a marked improvement in diastolic function.
Urinary Glycoprotein Biomarker Discovery for Bladder Cancer Detection Using LC/MS-MS and Label-Free Quantification
Authors: Na Yang, Shun Feng, Kerby Shedden, Xiaolei Xie, Yashu Liu, Charles J. Rosser, David M. Lubman, Steven Goodison
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Cancers of the urinary bladder are the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the United States. Early clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer remains a major challenge, and the development of noninvasive methods for detection and surveillance is desirable for both patients and health care providers. Approach: To identify urinary proteins with potential clinical utility, we enriched and profiled the glycoprotein component of urine samples by using a dual-lectin affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry platform. Results: From a primary sample set obtained from 54 cancer patients and 46 controls, a total of 265 distinct glycoproteins were identified with high confidence, and changes in glycoprotein abundance between groups were quantified by a label-free spectral counting method. Validation of candidate biomarker alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) for disease association was done on an independent set of 70 samples (35 cancer cases) by using an ELISA. Increased levels of urinary A1AT glycoprotein were indicative of the presence of bladder cancer (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and augmented voided urine cytology results. A1AT detection classified bladder cancer patients with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 80%. Summary: The described strategy can enable higher resolution profiling of the proteome in biological fluids by reducing complexity. Application of glycoprotein enrichment provided novel candidates for further investigation as biomarkers for the noninvasive detection of bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(10); 3349–59. ©2011 AACR.
40 COMPLETION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS REPLICATION CYCLE IN HETEROKARYONS EXCLUDES DOMINANT RESTRICTION FACTORS IN HUMAN NON-LIVER AND MOUSE LIVER CELL LINES
Authors: A. Frentzen, K. Hüging, J. Bitzegeio, M. Friesland, M. Hoffmann, D. Lindemann, G. Zimmer, F. Zielecki, F. Weber, E. Steinmann, T. Pietschmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
South Africa prepares for drug battle
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The pharmaceutical industry is squaring up for battle with the South African government to fight moves to cut drug prices. South Africa's dispensing doctors could lose a considerable portion of their income ifthe government's plans go ahead.

The issue arises because South Africa has some of the highest drug prices in the world—particularly in the private sector of health care. Adding to the urgency of the situation is the problem of theft of drugs in the public sector, where anything from 500 million to 1 billion rand is lost annually. Drugs are then sold on to the private sector for considerable profits.

South Africa has a formal system of registering its dispensing practitioners, …
Abstract LB-71: Stage Ia vs. Ib endometrial stromal sarcoma: Does the new staging system predict survival
Authors: Gunjal Garg, Jay P. Shah, Robert T. Morris
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: In 2008, a new FIGO staging system was specifically designed and approved for endometrial stromal sarcoma. Our objective was to determine the impact of this new staging system on survival in patients with stage I endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Methods: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1988 and 2005. Kaplan-Meier log rank and Cox proportional hazards models were used for survival analysis and to identify possible predictors for survival. Results: The identified cohort included 464 women, with 310 (67%) low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), 96 (21%) high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS), and 58 (12%) unclassified ESS. LGESS compared to HGESS differed significantly with regards to the patient age (48 vs. 60 years, p&amp;lt;0.001), tumor size (5.6 cm vs. 8.0 cm, p&amp;lt;0.001), cervical involvement (5.2% vs. 18.8%, p&amp;lt;0.001), myometrial invasion (62% vs. 66.6%, p=0.01), and stage IB disease (44% vs. 76%, p&amp;lt;0.001). Similarly, compared with LGESS, a greater percentage of HGESS patients underwent lymphadenectomy (29.0% vs. 60.4%; P &amp;lt;0.001), salpingo-oophorectomy (78.4% vs. 93.7%, p=0.001), and administration of radiotherapy (14.8% vs 50.0%; P&amp;lt;0.001). There was no significant difference between stages IA and IB with regards to the above-mentioned demographic and clinico-pathologic variables, in both LGESS and HGESS. The 5-year overall survival was worse in HGESS than LGESS (45.4% vs. 97.2%, p&amp;lt;0.001). The difference in 5-year overall survival between stages IA and IB was significant in LGESS (100% vs. 93.5%, p=0.003), but not in HGESS (51.4% vs. 43.5%, p=0.2). Although age (p=0.001), race (p= 0.005), stage (p=0.004) were all significant prognostic factors in LGESS, only cervical involvement (p=0.02) was a significant predictor in HGESS. Conclusion: The new staging system is appropriate for risk stratification in LGESS. The prognosis in HGESS seems to be most influenced by the presence of cervical involvement and not by tumor size as the staging criteria would suggest. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-71.
Retraction Notice to: Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 2 and 3 Diametrically Control Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Shaun Spence, Amy Fitzsimons, Caroline R. Boyd, Julia Kessler, Denise Fitzgerald, Joanne Elliott, Joan Ní Gabhann, Siobhan Smith, Antonio Sica, Emily Hams, Sean P. Saunders, Caroline A. Jefferies, Padraic G. Fallon, Danny F. McAuley, Adrien Kissenpfennig, James A. Johnston
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Linoleic acid content in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease.
Authors: R A Riemersma, D A Wood, S Butler, R A Elton, M Oliver, M Salo, T Nikkari, E Vartiainen, P Puska, F Gey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The possibility of an inverse relation between essential fatty acids in adipose tissue, in particular linoleic acid, and mortality from coronary heart disease was studied by a cross sectional survey of random population samples of apparently healthy men aged 40-49 from four European regions with differing mortality from coronary heart disease. The proportion of linoleic acid in adipose tissue was lowest in men from north Karelia, Finland, where mortality from coronary heart disease is highest, and highest in men from Italy, where mortality is lowest, with intermediate proportions in men from Scotland and south west Finland. Similar gradients were observed for the desaturation and elongation products dihomo-gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acid. The proportion of saturated fatty acids in adipose tissue was highest in Finland, intermediate in Scotland, and lowest in Italy. Italian men also had the highest proportion of oleate in their adipose tissue and the lowest proportion of myristoleate and palmitoleate. Finnish men were more obese and had a higher blood pressure. Serum cholesterol concentration was higher in north Karelia and south west Finland than in Scotland or Italy. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations reflected the regional differences in serum cholesterol, being higher in Finland and lower in Italy. The ratios of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol, however, did not differ. The regional differences in linoleic acid in adipose tissue remained highly significant when the observed differences in other known risk factors for coronary heart disease among the four areas were taken into account by multivariate analysis. The gradients in proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids probably reflect differences in dietary intake of linoleic acid.