tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased exposure to statins in patients developing chronic muscle diseases: a 2-year retrospective study
Authors: L Sailler, C Pereira, A Bagheri, M Lapeyre-Mestre, J L Montastruc, P Arlet, E Arlet-Suau, E Uro-Coste, H Roussel, D Adoue, B Fournie, L Zabraniecki, M Laroche, P Cintas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Case reports have suggested that lipid-lowering drugs (LLDs), especially statins, could induce or reveal chronic muscle diseases. We conducted a study to evaluate the association between chronic muscle diseases and prior exposure to LLDs.This was a retrospective study of chronic primary muscle disease cases newly diagnosed at the Toulouse University Hospitals between January 2003 and December 2004 among patients living in the Midi-Pyrénées area, France. All patients remained symptomatic for more than 1 year after drug withdrawal, or required drugs for inflammatory myopathy. Data on the patient's exposure to LLDs and to other drugs were compared with that of matched controls (5/1) selected through the Midi-Pyrénées Health Insurance System database.A total of 37 patients were included in the study. Of those, 21 (56.8%) suffered from dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM), 12 (32.4%) from genetic myopathy, and 4 (10.8%) from an unclassified disease. The prevalence of exposure to statins was 40.5% in patients and 20% in controls (odds ratio (OR) 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-6.14; p<0.01). There was a significant positive interaction between statins and proton pump inhibitors exposure (weighted OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.37-7.54; p = 0.02). Statin exposure rate was 47.6% among patients with DM/PM (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.30-11.57; p<0.01). There was no difference between patients and controls for exposure to fibrates.Patients who developed chronic muscle diseases after the age of 50, including DM/PM, had a higher than expected frequency of prior exposure to statins. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and the role of proton pump inhibitors.
Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Skin Infections in a US Meat-Packing Plant
Authors: Laura J. Fehrs
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In 1985, the second reported outbreak of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) skin infections among US meat packers was recognized at an Oregon meat-packing plant. All 69 plant workers were interviewed and examined for the presence of pustular, draining, or inflamed lesions. During a three-month period, 44 episodes of skin infection occurred in 32 workers, all but four of whom worked in boning or killing areas. Acquiring infection was associated with job category (relative risk [RR], 5.7; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.9 to 11.3) and having at least two hand lacerations (RR adjusted for occupation, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.0 to 12.5). Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (18), Staphylococcus aureus (12), or both (20) were isolated from 70 lesions cultured. Meat is suspected as a vehicle of transmission because cultures of two meat specimens contained the same GABHS strain as did 24 isolates from patients. Increasing reports of GABHS skin infections in meat packers suggest that this occupational risk may be more common than is realized.
Endogenous Lipoid Pneumonia with Special Reference to Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: S. De Navasquez, G. A. D. Haslewood
Journal: Thorax (1954)

Demonstrable fat in the lung due to the inhal- ation of mineral or vegetable oils or to fat embolism is well known.The occurrence of lipoid consolidation in which the fat was of endogenous origin and shown to consist largely of cholesterol and its esters was reported in a previous communication (De Navasquez, Trounce, and Wayte, 1951) and it was concluded that such fatty change was primarily the result of degen- eration due to chronic injury.The present study was made to investigate the incidence and mechanism of such pathological changes and to test this conclusion.
Recent developments in gene transfer: risk and ethics
Authors: Jonathan Kimmelman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Since the early 1990s, investigators have toiled to establish the transfer of genes to human somatic cells as a valid therapy (fig 1). The potential of gene transfer was highlighted by three trials, involving participants with haemophilia B and two types of severe combined immunodeficiency—X linked and adenosine deaminase deficient.1–3 Yet even the most successful trials of gene transfer have engendered questions about its prospects. In the haemophilia B trial the detection of vector—the agent which carries genes to cells (fig 2)—in participants' semen raised concerns about modifications of the germline.4 The results of the X linked severe combined immunodeficiency trial were offset by unexpected, vector induced leukaemia in two participants.5



Fig 1 
Number of gene transfer trials approved worldwide has increased since 1989; 77% have been conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom. Most trials have used virus based vectors (70%), are phase 1 (63%), and involve investigational treatments for cancer (66%). Adapted from Wiley Gene Therapy Clinical Trial Database (http://www.wiley.co.uk/wileychi/genmed/clinical/)





Fig 2 
In a gene transfer, therapeutic DNA is combined with a vector (often of viral origin). Vectors can be injected into recipient's tissue directly or used to modify cells ex vivo for transplantation to the recipient



Several hazards associated with gene transfer have been verified by clinical experience and others are predicted on theoretical grounds. It therefore may be worth considering whether risks shown in studies of human gene transfer present any unusual ethical and social challenges and, if so, what should be done to tackle them. In this article I review several matters relating to human gene transfer—safety features that distinguish traditional drugs from agents used to transfer genes, ethical issues raised by uncertainties about risk and toxicological properties, and studies on safety.

I searched for relevant articles in Medline through PubMed …
Frequently Methylated Tumor Suppressor Genes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kristi L. Bennett, Matthew Karpenko, Mau-ting Lin, Rainer Claus, Khelifa Arab, Gerhard Dyckhoff, Peter Plinkert, Esther Herpel, Dominic Smiraglia, Christoph Plass
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a very aggressive cancer. In advanced stages, the patient has poor chances of receiving effective treatment, and survival rates are low. To facilitate timely diagnosis and improve treatment, elucidation of early detection markers is crucial. DNA methylation markers are particularly advantageous because DNA methylation is an early event in tumorigenesis, and the epigenetic modification, 5-methylcytosine, is a stable mark. A genome-wide screen using Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning found a set of genes that are most commonly methylated in head and neck cancers. Five candidate genes: septin 9 (SEPT9), sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC5A8), functional smad-suppressing element on chromosome 18 (FUSSEL18), early B-cell factor 3 (EBF3), and iroquois homeobox 1 (IRX1) were methylated in 27% to 67% of the HNSCC patient samples tested. Furthermore, approximately 50% of the methylated tumor samples shared methylation between two of the five genes (most commonly between EBF3 and IRX1), and 15% shared methylation between three of the five genes. Expression analysis revealed candidate gene down-regulation in 25% to 93% of the HNSCC samples, and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment was able to restore expression in at least 2 of 5 HNSCC cell lines for all of the genes tested. Overexpression of the three most frequently down-regulated candidates, SLC5A8, IRX1, and EBF3, validated their tumor suppressor potential by growth curve analysis and colony formation assay. Interestingly, all of the candidates identified may be involved in the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway, which is often disrupted in HNSCC.
Cimetidine, Cloxacillin, and Pancytopenia
Authors: ERIC L. WESTERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Article1 May 1979Cimetidine, Cloxacillin, and PancytopeniaERIC L. WESTERMAN, M.D.ERIC L. WESTERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-858_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I disagree with the conclusion reached in the report by deGalocsy and deStrihou (1) in the February 1979 issue claiming cimetidine caused pancytopenia in their patient who was also receiving intravenous cloxacillin. In their letter they stated, "We have not found any report of pancytopenia associated with cloxacillin." Westerman, Bradshaw, and Williams (2) have reported a case of agranulocytosis that occurred during therapy with oral cloxacillin. Almost all the penicillins have been found to cause agranulocytosis. The mechanism involved in the phenomenon is unclear; but the data indicate that this is not immunologically mediated but is, rather,...References1. DEGALOCSYVAN YPERSELE DE STRIHOU CC: Pancytopenia with cimetidine (letter). Ann Intern Med 90:274, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WESTERMANBRADSHAWWILLIAMS EMT: Agranulocytosis during therapy with orally administered cloxacillin. Am J Clin Pathol 69:559-560, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. REYESPALUTKELERNER MMA: Granulocytopenia associated with carbenicillin. Am J Med 54:413-418, 1973. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hillcrest Medical Center Tulsa, OK 74104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 858-858KeywordsPenicillin Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
‘Surgical Parotitis’ Demonstrated by Ga-67 Scintigraphy in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: RUTH HARDOFF, SARA GIPS, SYLVIANNE BURSZTEIN DE MYTTENAERE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

“Surgical parotitis,” or postoperative parotid sialadenitis, has been estimated to occur in 0.1% of postoperative patients, 20% of the cases being bilateral. Predisposing factors include debilitation, confinement to bed, or dehydration. A culture from the parotid duct and blood cultures should be obtained. Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism cultured. The authors describe two patients who were fed by gastric and jejunal tubes postoperatively. Ga-67 scintigraphy was performed in search of infection. In both patients, an infection site was demonstrated as well as bilateral parotid uptake. Surgical parotitis should be recognized in critically ill, debilitated patients who cannot be fed by mouth.
Expression of Long Anti-HIV-1 Hairpin RNAs for the Generation of Multiple siRNAs: Advantages and Limitations
Authors: Masayuki Sano, Haitang Li, Mahito Nakanishi, John J Rossi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Promoter expressed long-hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs) that can be processed into multiple small interfering RNA (siRNAs) are being considered as effective agents for treating rapidly mutating viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the present study, we have generated human U6 promoter-driven lhRNAs of 50, 53, and 80 base pairs (bp) targeting contiguous sequences within the tat and rev genes of HIV-1 and evaluated the efficacy of these lhRNAs as well as their processing in cells. By using multiple G:U mismatches in the stems, we have been able to readily incorporate the long-hairpin structures into a lentiviral vector transduction system. Here we show that such long hairpins can be stably and functionally expressed for a long term in HIV-1 susceptible T cells, where they provide potent inhibition of HIV replication against both non-mutant and mutant variants of HIV-1. Our studies provide strong support for the use of the G:U wobble pair containing lhRNAs to generate multiple siRNAs from a single transcript, but we also show that lhRNAs of 80 bp may be the upper size limit for effectively producing multiple, functional siRNAs. Promoter expressed long-hairpin RNAs (lhRNAs) that can be processed into multiple small interfering RNA (siRNAs) are being considered as effective agents for treating rapidly mutating viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the present study, we have generated human U6 promoter-driven lhRNAs of 50, 53, and 80 base pairs (bp) targeting contiguous sequences within the tat and rev genes of HIV-1 and evaluated the efficacy of these lhRNAs as well as their processing in cells. By using multiple G:U mismatches in the stems, we have been able to readily incorporate the long-hairpin structures into a lentiviral vector transduction system. Here we show that such long hairpins can be stably and functionally expressed for a long term in HIV-1 susceptible T cells, where they provide potent inhibition of HIV replication against both non-mutant and mutant variants of HIV-1. Our studies provide strong support for the use of the G:U wobble pair containing lhRNAs to generate multiple siRNAs from a single transcript, but we also show that lhRNAs of 80 bp may be the upper size limit for effectively producing multiple, functional siRNAs.
Association between heart rate and atherogenic blood lipid fractions in a population. The Tromsø Study.
Authors: K H Bønaa, E Arnesen
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Prospective epidemiological studies indicate that elevated heart rate may carry increased risk for coronary heart disease. Little is known about the relation between heart rate and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed anthropometric and life-style determinants of heart rate and examined the association between heart rate and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in a cross-sectional study of 9,719 men and 9,433 women 12-59 years old. Stratified and multivariate analyses were used to detect possible modification of effect and to control for confounding variables. Heart rate was positively associated with male sex and smoking, decreased with body height and physical activity, and showed a U-shaped relation to body mass index. In both sexes, there was a significant progressive increase in age-adjusted levels of total cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides and a decrease in HDL cholesterol with heart rate. Men with heart rate greater than 89 beats per minute had 14.5% higher non-HDL cholesterol and 36.3% higher triglyceride levels than men with heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. The corresponding differences in women were 12.5% and 22.2%. The associations remained significant when anthropometric and life-style factors were controlled for. The slopes relating total and non-HDL cholesterol level to heart rate were steeper with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS Increases in heart rate correlate with higher levels of atherogenic serum lipid fractions in the general population. Alterations in aortic impedance and/or autonomic influences may underlie these associations.
FURTHER NOTES ON TRANSFUSION BY MEANS OF GLASS CYLINDERS
Authors: A. R. Kimpton
Journal: JAMA (1913)

An article entitled "A New and Simple Method of Transfusion" appeared inThe Journalrecently. The following case is reported to show further the advantages of this method. <h3>History.</h3> —A man aged 37 was knocked down by an automobile, receiving a compound fracture of the skull with crushing trauma of the brain. As I am reporting this case in order to bring out the technic of the transfusion I shall not enter into the details except to say that the patient had lost a large amount of blood and suffered from very severe shock, and that from a therapeutic point of view the transfusion was gratifying. The head injury had been operated on by Dr. A. L. Brown of Winchester, Mass., with whom I saw the patient. <h3>Transfusion.</h3> —A tourniquet was applied on the upper arm of the donor only tight enough to give venous congestion. Under cocain a superficial
Tolbutamide in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinsonism
Authors: Glen Thomas Sawyer
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It is my belief that typical multiple sclerosis (the condition occurring in young individuals and characterized by remissions and exacerbations and scattered neurological findings) is not a specific disease but perhaps a syndrome resulting from a variety of alterations. The frequent finding of an elevated or diabetic glucose tolerance curve in the multiple sclerosis syndrome has been reported by several different authors. It is my present feeling, on the basis of preliminary studies, that the use of antidiabetic therapy will often have beneficial effects in those multiple sclerotic patients having an elevated or diabetic glucose tolerance curve. Those patients, even with the typical picture of multiple sclerosis but showing no change in the glucose tolerance test, do not show response to tolbutamide. Also, any symptoms which have been present for a long time are less likely to respond. The dosage of tolbutamide is 0.5 gm. (twice daily,
A NOVEL PREDICTION TOOL FOR &amp;lsquo;FALSE POSITIVE&amp;rsquo; ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ACTIVATIONS AMONG EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS AT PRIMARY PCI- CAPABLE CENTERS: A REPORT FROM THE ACTIVATE-SF REGISTRY
Authors: Ameya Kulkarni, Ehrin Armstrong, Kurt Hoffmayer, Prashant Bhave, Genevieve S. Farr, Priscilla Hsue, Scott Kinlay, Peter Ganz, James McCabe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Frequency and Characteristics of Dietary Supplement Recalls in the United States
Authors: Ziv Harel, Shai Harel, Ron Wald, Muhammad Mamdani, Chaim M. Bell
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has identified an emerging trend in which over-the-counter products, represented as dietary supplements, contain hidden ingredients that could be harmful.
Intrarenal Regulation of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Fred S. Wright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

GLOMERULAR filtration is of interest because it is the first step in urine formation and because the excretion rates of many substances are at least partially dependent on the amounts filtered across the glomerular membrane. The forces involved in glomerular filtration — glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure and intratubular hydrostatic pressure — suggest that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is dependent on arterial blood pressure. But additional factors are clearly involved because GFR may not vary with changes in blood pressure.Within approximately 30 mm of mercury above and below normal, renal plasma flow and GFR are held nearly . . .
Identification of functional cooperative mutations of SETD2 in human acute leukemia
Authors: Xiaofan Zhu, Fuhong He, Huimin Zeng, Shaoping Ling, Aili Chen, Yaqin Wang, Xiaomei Yan, Wei Wei, Yakun Pang, Hui Cheng, Chunlan Hua, Yue Zhang, Xuejing Yang, Xin Lu, Lihua Cao, Lingtong Hao, Lili Dong, Wei Zou, Jun Wu, Xia Li, Si Zheng, Jin Yan, Jing Zhou, Lixia Zhang, Shuangli Mi, Xiaojuan Wang, Li Zhang, Yao Zou, Yumei Chen, Zhe Geng, Jianmin Wang, Jianfeng Zhou, Xin Liu, Jianxiang Wang, Weiping Yuan, Gang Huang, Tao Cheng, Qian-fei Wang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Primary care development zones.
Authors: V Beardshaw, P Gordon, D Plamping
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Most commentators on the Tomlinson report have agreed with its emphasis on improving primary and community care. The three elements of such a strategy are a remedial programme to bring primary care up to national standards, a programme to provide such services to people with non-standard needs such as mobile Londoners, ethnic minorities, and homeless people, and the development of an expanded model of primary care. No one model will be appropriate across all of London. The process should start with an audit of existing resources and services within each community, together with an analysis of needs. From this would develop a local programme with specific plans for investment in premises, staffing, training, and management. New contractual mechanisms may be needed to attract practitioners, improve their premises, secure out of hours services, and provide medical cover for community beds. There should also be incentives for closer working between primary and secondary services. No developments on the scale needed for London have been carried out in primary care within the lifetime of the NHS--but their success will be critical to the calibre of health services for Londoners into the next century.
Plasma fatty acid (FA) profile in advanced cirrhosis: Unsaturation deficit of lipid fractions
Authors: E. Cabré, M.C. Núñez, A. Abad-L, F. Glez-Huix, M. Esteve-C, R. Planas, A. Gil, J. Moreno, F. Fdez-Bañares, R. Morillas, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Mucosal Tears Can Occur Spontaneously in Collagenous Colitis
Authors: A. Koulaouzidis, J. Henry, A. Saeed
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Figure 1 An 83-year-old lady with intractable non-bloody diarrhoea of over 3 months’ duration, was found to be anaemic, with a haemoglobin value of 10.0 g/dl (normal range 11.5 - 16.5 g/dl) and mean corpuscular volume of 72.6 fl (normal 80 - 102 fl). Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and duodenal biopsies were normal. At colonoscopy, the caecum was easily reached after gentle insufflation, and discrete linear mucosal breaks were found. We propose that these mucosal tears were spontaneous, not caused by scope trauma but by the stiffness of the colonic wall and normal contractions of the bowel. Mucosal tears in the caecum in collagenous colitis have not been described before. In addition, these tears probably caused this patient’s iron-deficiency anaemia. a - c Mucosal tears. d Van Gieson stain; original magnification × 100.
Giant-cell Granuloma of the Respiratory Tract (Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Authors: E. W. Walton
Journal: BMJ (1958)

This paper is based on a retrospective study of data from 10 patients who had in common an illness characterized by symptoms of progressive ulceration in the respiratory tract together with signs of widespread inflammatory disease.Histological examination of material from each case shows disseminated granulomata, most com- mon in the respiratory tract and kidneys, and widespread vascular lesions similar to polyarteritis nodosa.The name Wegener's granulomatosis has been applied to this syn-