tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complications at Birth and Subsequent Wheeze: Risk of Attrition Bias
Authors: Roos M. D. Bernsen, Johannes C. van der Wouden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

the ATS Hepatotoxicity of Antituberculosis Therapy Subcommittee. An official ATS statement: hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006;174:935–952. 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); American Thoracic Society. Update: adverse event data and revised American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations against the use of rifampin and pyrazinamide for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection–United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003;52:735–739.
Mutations of <i>hMLH1</i> and <i>hMSH2</i> in Patients With Suspected Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer: Correlation With Microsatellite Instability and Abnormalities of Mismatch Repair Protein Expression
Authors: Mario Scartozzi, Francesca Bianchi, Saverio Rosati, Eva Galizia, Annalisa Antolini, Cristian Loretelli, Andrea Piga, Italo Bearzi, Riccardo Cellerino, Emilio Porfiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The relationship between germ-line mutations of hMSH2 and hMLH1, microsatellite instability (MSI), and loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene expression were studied to formulate an effective selection protocol for patients with suspected hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer who should be offered genetic testing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients eligible for germ-line analysis of hMLH1 and hMSH2 were selected. Tumor specimens were obtained to assess MSI and loss of MMR gene expression. RESULTS: Among 37 patients who participated in the study, two hMSH2 and two hMLH1 missense mutations (11%) were detected, none of which was found in a panel of 60 healthy volunteers. High MSI was found in five tumors (19%) and low MSI in 10 tumors (39%); 12 tumors (46%) were microsatellite stable. Four tumors demonstrated loss of hMLH1, and three tumors demonstrated loss of hMSH2 protein expression. CONCLUSION: No relationship was found between MMR gene mutations and MSI; low or no MSI was found in the four patients with germ-line mutations, and none of the five patients with high MSI demonstrated abnormalities of MMR genes. On the contrary, loss of hMLH1 or hMSH2 expression was found in the tumors from three of the four patients demonstrating germ-line mutations. These data suggest that germ-line mutations of the MMR gene can occur in people with MSI-negative tumors. Sensitive clinical criteria and the study of MMR gene expression may be useful to identify this subset of patients.
(Un)Risky Business: Adolescents and HIV Prevention Trials
Authors: Sean Philpott
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

This article comments on a report that attempts to justify the enrollment of adolescents in HIV prevention trials with a minimal relative standard risk. It argues that ethics committee members research administrators policymakers and other stakeholders should ensure that existing regulations and guidelines are fairly and appropriately applied to all pediatric studies and not just HIV vaccine trials.
The Mitochondrial Genome — Breaking the Magic Circle
Authors: A.E. Harding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Mitochondria are unique among cellular organelles in that they contain their own genetic material—about 2 to 10 copies of a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule that is approximately 16.5 kilobases (kb) in length. This is very small as compared, for example, with the dystrophin gene (2000 kb), which is abnormal in Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophies.Mitochondrial DNA differs from the DNA in the cell nucleus in three important respects: it is transmitted exclusively by mothers, it contains few noncoding sequences (introns), and it has a slightly different genetic code; for example, the uridine–guanine–adenine (UGA) codon is read as "tryptophan" rather . . .
"Myocarditis" and Hepatitis B Antigen
Authors: M. J. GOLDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 November 1973"Myocarditis" and Hepatitis B AntigenM. J. GOLDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.M. J. GOLDMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-5-760 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to comment on the conclusions drawn by Miller and Waggoner in the letter, "Cardiac Disease, Hepatic Disease, and Hepatitis B Antigen" (Ann Intern Med79:276, 1973). In Patient C. Y., a 20-year-old black man, a diagnosis of cardiac disease is made on the basis of "ST-T changes suggestive of myocarditis." It is hazardous to make a clinical diagnosis of heart disease on this finding alone. Such a practice often leads to the syndrome of iatrogenic heart disease. It is well known that ST-T changes can occur as a normal variant, especially in young black individuals,...References1. GOLDMAN M: Normal variants in the electrocardiogram leading to cardiac invalidism. Am Heart J 59:71-77, 1960 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GOLDMAN M: Principles of Clinical Electrocardiography, 8th ed. Los Altos, California, Lange Medical Publications, 1973, pp. 80-84 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Hospital San Francisco, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByParenteral Nutrition Complications in a Voluntary Hospital 1 November 1973Volume 79, Issue 5Page: 760-761KeywordsAntigensCardiovascular therapyHeart diseasesHepatitis BMyocarditis Issue Published: 1 November 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PARADOXICAL DELAYS IN PRESENTATION OF PATIENTS IN “REGULAR-HOURS” WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (STEMI) SYMPTOMS VS. “OFF-HOURS,” TO THE EMERGENCY ROOM
Authors: Abdul Moiz Hafiz, Alexis D'Elia, Miguel Alejandro Lorenz, Basil Alkhatib, Shahidul Islam, Joshua DeLeon, Kevin Marzo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tc-99m MDP Uptake in an Old Surgical Scar Mimicking an Anomalous Ureter
Authors: WONSICK CHOE, DEBRA M. LEVENO, IVORY J. GILL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Bone imaging was performed for metastatic investigation on a 68-year-old man with prostate and rectal cancer. The image showed no evidence of bony metastasis. Interestingly, however, there was linear increased uptake apparently following the course of the left ureter and ending on the right side of the urinary bladder. According to the author's search in the literature, no report was found that addressed a crossed ureter with two kidneys. The patientn had a resection of a rectal tumor 4 years earlier and abdominoperitoneal resection of recurrent tumor 2 years earlier. On physical examination, the patient's surgical scar on the abdomen ran the same course as the increased uptake.
A new model of home‐based telemonitored cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure: effectiveness, quality of life, and adherence
Authors: Ewa Piotrowicz, Rafał Baranowski, Maria Bilinska, Monika Stepnowska, Malgorzata Piotrowska, Anna Wójcik, Jerzy Korewicki, Lidia Chojnowska, Lukasz A. Malek, Mariusz Klopotowski, Walerian Piotrowski, Ryszard Piotrowicz
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Allergen‐induced mediator release tests
Authors: P. Demoly, B. Lebel, B. Arnoux
Journal: Allergy (2003)

The diagnosis of allergic reactions in clinical practice is based on both clinical history and the determination of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), either in the serum or on skin mast cells. However, for various reasons, identification of the causative factors is not possible in all the cases. Moreover, not all allergies are IgE‐dependent. In an attempt to find sensitive, specific and cost‐effective methods to investigate hypersensitivity reactions, in vitro tests were developed at a very early stage. Allergen‐induced mediator release assays analyze the mediator released from effector cells, mainly peripheral blood cells, when stimulated in vitro with serial dilutions of the putative allergens. Described initially as research tools, they could well become diagnostic tests. However, relatively few high quality reports have been published so far. In this review, we will detail allergen‐dependent histamine, tryptase, arachidonic acid metabolite, e.g. cysteinyl leukotrienes and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic mediator release tests.
Comment on Edelman et al. AUTONOMY: The First Randomized Trial Comparing Two Patient-Driven Approaches to Initiate and Titrate Prandial Insulin Lispro in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;37:2132–2140
Authors: Helena W. Rodbard, Boris Karolicki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The AUTONOMY study (1) examines an important issue in the care of patients with type 2 diabetes: When inadequate glycemic control mandates addition of prandial insulin to a basal-only insulin regimen, can the initiation and titration of bolus insulin doses be handled in a patient-driven manner without compromising efficacy or safety? A straightforward, evidence-based strategy that enabled patients to self-manage treatment intensification with prandial insulin would provide guidance for implementing treatment recommendations (2–4).

In this regard, the AUTONOMY study is to be welcomed alongside the recent FullSTEP study (5). Both trials examined patient-driven titration of prandial insulin in type 2 diabetes previously inadequately controlled with basal insulin. The FullSTEP study compared stepwise addition of …
Inhibition of RelA‐Ser536 phosphorylation by a competing peptide reduces mouse liver fibrosis without blocking the innate immune response
Authors: Anna Moles, Ana M. Sanchez, Paul S. Banks, Lindsay B. Murphy, Saimir Luli, Lee Borthwick, Andrew Fisher, Steven O'Reilly, Jacob M. van Laar, Steven A. White, Neil D. Perkins, Alastair D. Burt, Derek A. Mann, Fiona Oakley
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Phosphorylation of the RelA subunit at serine 536 (RelA-P-Ser536) is important for hepatic myofibroblast survival and is mechanistically implicated in liver fibrosis. Here, we show that a cell-permeable competing peptide (P6) functions as a specific targeted inhibitor of RelA-P-Ser536 in vivo and exerts an antifibrogenic effect in two progressive liver disease models, but does not impair hepatic inflammation or innate immune responses after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Using kinase assays and western blotting, we confirm that P6 is a substrate for the inhibitory kappa B kinases (IKKs), IKKα and IKKβ, and, in human hepatic myofibroblasts, P6 prevents RelA-P-Ser536, but does not affect IKK activation of IκBα. We demonstrate that RelA-P-Ser536 is a feature of human lung and skin fibroblasts, but not lung epithelial cells, in vitro and is present in sclerotic skin and diseased lungs of patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusion: RelA-P-Ser536 may be a core fibrogenic regulator of fibroblast phenotype.
Coronary Hyperemic Dose Responses of Intracoronary Sodium Nitroprusside
Authors: Walter A. Parham, Andre Bouhasin, Jeffrey P. Ciaramita, Souheil Khoukaz, Steven C. Herrmann, Morton J. Kern
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Sodium nitroprusside is one of several agents considered effective for treating the no-reflow phenomenon during acute coronary interventions. However, the coronary hyperemic dose responses and systemic hemodynamic effects of intracoronary nitroprusside have yet to be determined in humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the hyperemic and hemodynamic responses of intracoronary nitroprusside to intracoronary adenosine in patients during cardiac catheterization with angiographically normal anterior descending arteries. Methods and Results— In 21 patients, coronary blood flow velocity (0.014-inch Doppler flow wire), heart rate, and blood pressure were measured in unobstructed left anterior descending coronary arteries at rest, after intracoronary adenosine (30- to 50-μg boluses), and after 3 serial doses (0.3-, 0.6-, and 0.9-μg/kg boluses) of intracoronary nitroprusside. Coronary reserve was calculated as hyperemia/basal coronary flow velocity. In an additional 9 patients with intermediate stenoses (53±7%), 14 fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements (using 0.014-inch pressure wire) were performed with both intracoronary adenosine and nitroprusside (0.6 μg/kg). Intracoronary nitroprusside produced equivalent coronary hyperemia with a longer duration (≈25%) compared with intracoronary adenosine. Intracoronary nitroprusside (0.9 μg/kg) decreased systolic blood pressure by &lt;20%, with minimal change in heart rate, whereas intracoronary adenosine had no effect on these parameters. FFR measurements with intracoronary nitroprusside were identical to those obtained with intracoronary adenosine ( r =0.97). Conclusions— Compared with adenosine, intracoronary nitroprusside produces an equivalent but more prolonged coronary hyperemic response in normal coronary arteries. Intracoronary nitroprusside, in doses commonly used for the treatment of the no-reflow phenomenon, can produce sustained coronary hyperemia without detrimental systemic hemodynamics. On the basis of FFR measurements compared with adenosine, sodium nitroprusside also appears to be a suitable hyperemic stimulus for coronary physiological measurements.
Chemotherapy Alone as Initial Treatment for Primary CNS Lymphoma in Patients Older Than 60 Years: A Multicenter Phase II Study (26952) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group
Authors: K. Hoang-Xuan, L. Taillandier, O. Chinot, P. Soubeyran, U. Bogdhan, J. Hildebrand, M. Frenay, N. De Beule, J.Y. Delattre, B. Baron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To assess the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy alone in patients older than 60 years with primary CNS lymphoma.Fifty patients with a median age of 72 years and a median Karnofsky performance score (KPS) of 50 were eligible for this multicenter phase II study. The protocol consisted of high-dose methotrexate (MTX), lomustine, procarbazine, methylprednisolone, and intrathecal chemotherapy with MTX and cytarabine. The patients received one induction cycle; if objective response was achieved, five additional maintenance cycles were administered every 6 weeks. The median follow-up of patients was 3 years.Twenty four patients (48%) achieved an objective response (compete response [CR], 42%; partial response, 6%), with a median duration of CR of 27 months (range, 3 to 47+ months). Overall median survival time was 14.3 months, and 1-year progression-free survival was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 26% to 53%). Myelosuppression was the most frequent side effect, with grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in 19% of patients. One patient died during chemotherapy, as a result of pulmonary embolism. Most patients improved or preserved their cognitive functions (47% and 45% of the patients, respectively) and KPS (36% and 52% of the patients, respectively) until relapse, whereas cognitive and KPS decline attributed to delayed treatment neurotoxicity occurred in 8% and 12% patients, respectively.In the elderly, this chemotherapy regimen compares favorably with radiotherapy (RT) alone and reduces considerably the risk of delayed neurotoxicity associated with combined chemoradiotherapy. Chemotherapy alone is an appropriate strategy in older patients to delay or avoid RT.
Mild Hypertension: No More Benign Neglect
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

A decade ago most physicians had become convinced that treatment of moderate or severe hypertension with appropriate antihypertensive drugs would not only lower blood pressure but would also reduce overall morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. The most impressive evidence in support of this view was the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study,1 2 3 a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in over 500 middle-aged men, showing that drug treatment lowered the incidence of morbid events among those with moderate or severe hypertension. Although drugs also tended to lower morbidity and mortality among men with mild hypertension (diastolic blood pressure of 90 to 104 mm . . .
Fruits and soil: a case for the equatorial doctor
Authors: K. T. Weber
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Fruits and soil: a case for the equatorial doctor Get access Karl T. Weber Karl T. Weber Series Editor Karl T. Weber. University of Missouri-Columbia, Division of Cardiology, Room MA432 Medical Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65212, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 30, Issue 5, November 1995, Page 635, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(95)00051-8 Published: 01 November 1995
Sir David who?
Authors: K. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“Have you met our senior manager?” The question was put to the veteran consultant, as an entourage of important looking people swept through the department. “He’s been here for years.”⇑

A polite handshake and the customary pleasantries ensued, and both parties asserted how lovely it was to meet each other. I melted obsequiously into the background a couple of metres away, knowing my place as a junior doctor. A minute later and the encounter was over.

“I’ve never heard of him,” said the consultant turning to me, with a slightly puzzled look. “I’ve been …
Medicine—A Concept for Meeting Its World Challenge
Authors: James H. Forsee
Journal: JAMA (1961)

MEDICINE ranks high in our country among noncombatant forces which contribute to the peace of the world. In the developing countries the medical needs are tremendous. In one such country with a population of 8 million there are fewer than 80 practicing physicians and only 600 hospital beds. In another country, one of its provinces with a million population does not have a single physician. Medicine speaks a universal language and today the United States is the mecca for medicine. This is a recently gained position, held only during the past 35 years. Its retention requires that we make our medical know-how effectively available to the people of all nations. This could, aside from food, be the means of obtaining the highest respect and friendship from developing nations and also be a major weapon in combating Communism. The following is a basic plan as to how this concept could and
Intracoronary Radiation for Prevention of Restenosis
Authors: H. I. Amols, F. Trichter, J. Weinberger
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Intravascular irradiation with beta-emitters has been proposed for inhibition of restenosis in coronary arteries after balloon angioplasty or stent implantation. Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of gamma-radiation to prevent recurrent restenosis, even in the presence of an implanted stent. The limited range of beta-particles compared with gamma-radiation, however, opens the question of whether absorption and scattering of beta-particles by stent struts will cause significant perturbations in the uniformity and magnitude of the radiation dose, which may in turn compromise treatment.Nine different stents were deployed with a balloon filled with a beta-emitting radioactive liquid. Dose distributions were measured with Gafchromic film. Stents varied significantly in their absorption of beta-particles. Some stents, constructed of fine meshed wires, produced minimal dose perturbations. Others, with thicker, high-atomic-number struts, induced cold spots in the dose distribution adjacent to the wires of </=35%. Average dose reduction varied from 4% to 14% in the presence of various stents.Radiation strategy may have to be tailored to stent design. Stents that minimally perturb the dose distribution may be deployed before irradiation. Those that significantly alter the radiation dose might be better deployed after irradiation. Dose prescriptions may require modification if such perturbations prove clinically significant. Observed dose perturbations, however, decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the stent, which may mitigate the clinical impact of these findings. This, as well as the effects of stents on gamma-dose distributions, requires further investigation.
Pathogenesis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Peter A. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Chlamydiae and gonococci are primary pathogens of the cervix and often ascend. Resultant damage to the cervix may permit organisms to move upward, but this mechanism of action is not well understood. Puberty and hormones, particularly oral contraceptives, may enhance chlamydial infection, but the mechanisms and likelihood of spread to the upper tract are ill defined. Upper tract infection with C trachomatis involves an acute phase, characterized by an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a chronic or persistent phase characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells (delayed hypersensitivity). Gonococci invade nonciliated epithelial cells, but are toxic to ciliated cells, due to elaborated lipooligosaccharides and peptidoglycan. Certain gonococci stimulate chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes whose release of toxic metabolites may damage tissue. The immunologic mechanisms that permit specific host responses to these two organisms are now being elucidated and should receive more attention by researchers.
β-Trace Protein and Cystatin C as Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Sergio Manzano-Fernández, James L. Januzzi, Miguel Boronat-Garcia, Juan Carlos Bonaque-González, Quynh A. Truong, Francisco J. Pastor-Pérez, Carmen Muñoz-Esparza, Patricia Pastor, María D. Albaladejo-Otón, Teresa Casas, Mariano Valdés, Domingo A. Pascual-Figal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)