tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Register cannot replace prospective studies in sickle cell disease
Authors: A Yardumian, A Olujohungbe, K Cinkotai
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—We welcome the launch of a European register of patients with sickle cell disease treated with hydroxyurea1 and will certainly offer anonymised details of our treated patients. However, Davies and Roberts-Harwood would be the first to agree that a register collecting data retrospectively cannot address research questions in the way that formal prospective controlled studies can.

We agree that the results of Charache et al's study of hydroxyurea2 were convincing. However, there is wide clinical heterogeneity in this condition, …
Management of recurrent gout
Authors: Robin Fox
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An overweight 60 year old man tells you he has had four episodes of gout over the past year and wants to know how to reduce the chance of further attacks. He takes amlodipine for hypertension. Confirm diagnosis —Is it really gout? A typical history of rapid onset, severe, self limiting joint pain reaching its maximum over 6-12 hours, with swelling and erythema, suggests gout, particularly if it involves the first metatarsophalangeal joint at some point. (This joint is affected in 90% of cases and is the first joint affected in 70%.) The presence of tophi support the diagnosis. Previous evidence of monosodium urate crystals from a joint aspirate (during or between attacks) would be the gold standard. A concentration of serum uric acid (SUA) of ≤380 µmol/l at least one month after an acute attack or ≤330 µmol/l during an attack makes gout an unlikely diagnosis. Causes —Look for risk factors (see box). Complications —These might include renal stones, nephropathy, or tophi. Consider —Associated metabolic syndrome may be present. #### Risk factors for gout ##### Common risk factors
Onset of Illness in Relation to the Patient's Life Situation.
Authors: George L. Engel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Onset of Illness in Relation to the Patient's Life Situation.George L. Engel, M.D., Arthur H. Schmahle Jr., M.D.George L. Engel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Arthur H. Schmahle Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1179_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSystematic study of the life settings in which organic illnesses develop indicates psychological stress is commonly present. The psychological state that seems to prevail and predispose to illness is designated as the "giving up—given up" complex. In this state the individual, briefly or protractedly, feels deprived of his usual sources of gratification and he is convinced there is no way of overcoming the deprivation. This complex will be defined and illustrated by means of videotaped excerpts of interviews with medically sick patients. Some possible implications of these data for an understanding of the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of illnes will... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George L. Engel, M.D.; Arthur H. SchmahleJr., M.D.Affiliations: Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1179-1179KeywordsPathogenesisPsychological stress ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fibroblast growth factor-21 is expressed in neonatal and pheochromocytoma-induced adult human brown adipose tissue
Authors: Elayne Hondares, José M. Gallego-Escuredo, Pavel Flachs, Andrea Frontini, Ruben Cereijo, Alberto Goday, Jessica Perugini, Pavel Kopecky, Marta Giralt, Saverio Cinti, Jan Kopecky, Francesc Villarroya
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
SERUM COTININE LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CLOPIDOGREL-INDUCED ANTIPLATELET EFFECTS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Masafumi Ueno, José L. Ferreiro, Kodlipet Dharmashankar, Salvatore D. Tomasello, Antonio Tello-Montoliu, Davide Capodanno, Murali Kodali, Naveen Seecheran, Andrew Darlington, Piera Capranzano, Bhaloo Desai, Ronald K. Charlton, Theodore A. Bass, Dominick J. Angiolillo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Firearm Injuries: A Call for Science
Authors: James A. Mercy, Vernon N. Houk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

During 1984 and 1985, the last two years for which data are available, the number of people who died of injuries inflicted by firearms in the United States (62,897) exceeded the number of casualties during the entire 8 1/2-year Vietnam conflict.1 In 1985 alone, 31,566 persons died as a result of firearm injuries—17,363 from suicide, 11,836 from homicide, 1649 from injuries inflicted unintentionally, 242 during altercations with police, and 476 from undetermined causes. Mortality rates from firearm injuries for women, for teenage boys, and for young men have been higher during the 1980s than at any time previously.2 Firearm injuries . . .
Anti-VEGFR-3 Therapy and Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Timothy P. Padera, Marek Ancukiewicz, Tohru Hoshida, Dai Fukumura, Rakesh K. Jain
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

To the Editor:We read with interest the report by Roberts et al. (1), which showed that inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) activation can prevent the formation of lymph node metastasis. This is in agreement with published reports (2–6). The authors also claim that “the blockade of VEGFR-3 signaling also reduced lymph node metastasis when the antibody was administered after the metastases were established” (p. 2655). As enumerated below, the data presented in Roberts et al. (1) do not support this claim.Collectively, this paper does not have any statistically significant data showing that mF4-31C1 treatment can reduce lymph node metastasis when given 4 weeks after primary tumor implantation. Thus, inhibiting VEGFR-3 is not effective in treating lymph node metastasis after cells have arrived in the lymph node in this tumor model. As recently shown (7), when VEGFR-3 is present on tumor cells or blood vessels, inhibiting VEGFR-3 under similar conditions may lead to tumor suppression and reduce tumor burden in lymph nodes. This, however, does not apply to the work presented in Roberts et al. (1).
Long term lamivudine therapy in patients with precore mutant HBV related liver disease
Authors: Themistoklis Vasiliadis, Kalliopi Patsiaoura, Adamos Saveriadis, Despina Kolokotroni, Anastasios Voutsas, Olga Giouleme, Nikolaos Nilolaidis, Katerian Balaska, Eleni Orfanou, Nikolaos Evgenidis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
OC-047 Adenoma Surveillance In The National Nhs Bowel Cancer Screening Programme – Is The High/intermediate Risk Stratification Appropriate?: Abstract OC-047 Table 1
Authors: D Majumdar, AP Hungin, DW Wilson, M Bramble, MD Rutter
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP) guidelines advocate surveillance of high and intermediate risk subjects with adenomas, due to the risk of developing future advanced neoplastic lesions. This study aims to evaluate and compare the yield of colorectal neoplasia during first surveillance in NHS BCSP among these two cohorts. <h3>Methods</h3> Data on each patient entering the NHS BCSP are contemporaneously recorded on the national BCSP database (BCSS). BCSS was interrogated to identify all high-risk (HR) and intermediate-risk (IR) subjects at screening who completed their first surveillance episodes during the period of June 2006 to July 2012. Participants with histology data available at surveillance were included. The data were then analysed to assess the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), advanced adenoma (size ≥10 mm/ &gt; 25% villous histology/ high grade dysplasia) and non-advanced adenoma in the two groups. Chi-square tests were performed to determine significance of difference in proportions among them. <h3>Results</h3> Table showing subjects with different pathologies at first surveillance: During the study period 5579 HR and 4723 IR subjects completed their first surveillance procedures, of which 5118 HR and 4569 IR subjects had their histology results available, and were included for final analysis. 39 (0.76%) HR and 20 (0.47%) IR subjects were diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). Detection of CRC and colorectal adenomas during the first surveillance were significantly higher in HR group (table). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Only a small number of subjects had CRC during their first surveillance, indicating that the current surveillance intervals for HR and IR groups are safe. The higher yield of all colorectal neoplasia (CRC, AA and NAA) during the first surveillance in HR subjects illustrates that the current risk stratification is valid and justified. The finding of significant and higher proportion of IR subjects with non-neoplastic findings during first surveillance suggests that, they have less potential to develop colorectal neoplasia and further study needed to evaluate whether their surveillance interval can be safely prolonged. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002).<i> Gut</i> 2010;59:666–690 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Relation between online “hit counts” and subsequent citations: prospective study of research papers in the <i>BMJ</i>
Authors: Thomas V Perneger
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Evaluation of published medical research remains a challenge. Two classic yardsticks are the citation count (the number of times a given paper is cited by others)1 2 and the impact factor of the journal that published the paper (which reflects the average number of citations per article).2 3 However, the citation count can be assessed only several years after publication, and the impact factor is not paper specific and is thus virtually meaningless in assessing any given paper.3 Another measure, which can be obtained rapidly and is paper specific, is the “hit count” (the number of times a paper is accessed online). Whether this count predicts citations is unknown. I examined this issue prospectively in a cohort of papers published in the BMJ .

The study used articles published in volume 318 of the BMJ (1999) in sections titled Papers, General Practice, and Information in Practice. The hit counts (full text articles, HTML version) for the main body of each article within a week of publication were provided by a …
Angiogenesis in ischemic tissue produced by spheroid grafting of human adipose-derived stromal cells
Authors: Suk Ho Bhang, Seung-Woo Cho, Wan-Geun La, Tae-Jin Lee, Hee Seok Yang, Ah-Young Sun, Sang-Hong Baek, Jong-Won Rhie, Byung-Soo Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Targeting Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mark R. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The emergence of effective cancer chemotherapy is one of the major medical advances of the second half of the 20th century. In certain neoplasms — such as gestational choriocarcinoma, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and subgroups of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma — chemotherapy is often curative, and the promise of long-term survival makes therapy well worth the risk of adverse effects and the financial costs. Moreover, adjuvant chemotherapy for breast, colon, or lung cancer can augment the survival benefit afforded by surgical management. Even in patients with advanced solid tumors or recurrences despite surgery, chemotherapy can offer lengthened survival of . . .
M39 Screening For Tuberculomas In Patients With Miliary Tuberculosis - What Modality Of Imaging Should We Be Using?
Authors: R. Ghani, H. Durkan, L. John, R. Davidson, J. Buckley
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> NICE guidance advises neuroradiology to investigate CNS signs in patients with miliary tuberculosis (TB). The aims of our study were to describe our population of patients with tuberculomas in the presence of miliary disease and identify any clues to the best radiological modality. <h3>Methods</h3> The radiology and clinical history was retrospectively reviewed for all patients treated for miliary tuberculosis at one centre between 01/01/2009 and 31/12/2013. <h3>Results</h3> 53/1650 (3.2%) of patients during this period were diagnosed with miliary (disseminated) tuberculosis. 27/53 (50.9%) underwent further neuroimaging. 10/53 (18.9%) miliary TB patients had evidence of tuberculomas on neuroimaging (M:F 6:4, age range 22:81). 2/10 had evidence of tuberculomas on both CT (2/2 with contrast) and MRI, 5/10 had a negative CT (2/5 with contrast) but an MRI result which revealed tuberculomas. 3 patients did not have a CT scan (MRI only). All 10 patients were HIV negative and had fully sensitive TB, 9/10 had neurological signs which warranted the subsequent neuroimaging. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Tuberculomas are seen in a fifth of patients with miliary tuberculosis. Based on our findings, guidelines should be adapted to suggest that both use of contrast and MRI should be utilised preferentially.
Steven Lehar's Gestalt Bubble model of visual experience: The embodied percipient, emergent holism, and the ultimate question of consciousness
Authors: Keith Gunderson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Aspects of an example of simulated shared subjectivity can be used both to support Steven Lehar's remarks on embodied percipients and to triangulate in a novel way the so-called “hard problem” of consciousness which Lehar wishes to “sidestep,” but which, given his other contentions regarding emergent holism, raises questions about whether he has been able or willing to do so.
Effect of fluid and sodium removal on mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Kenan Ateş, Gökhan Nergızoğlu, Kenan Keven, Arzu Şen, Sim Kutlay, Şehsuvar Ertürk, Neval Duman, Oktay Karatan, A. Ergün Ertuğ
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Silica-associated systemic sclerosis is clinically, serologically and immunologically indistinguishable from idiopathic systemic sclerosis
Authors: M.H.A. RUSTIN, HELEN A.BULL, V. ZIEGLER, J. MEHLHORN, U–F. LHAUSTEIN, P.J. LMADDISON, JUNE JAMES, M.DOWD PAULINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

To determine whether the clinical, immunological and serological features of patients with silica-associated systemic sclerosis are different from patients with the 'idiopathic' form of systemic sclerosis (SS) we studied 22 underground coal miners who were exposed to silica dust (SD), 30 mine workers who later developed silicosis (S) and 17 mine workers exposed to silica dust who subsequently developed a systemic sclerosis-like disease (SA-SS). The patients with SA-SS had features clinically indistinguishable from individual patients with SS. They all had Raynaud's phenomenon, 14 had cutaneous sclerosis identical to that seen in acrosclerosis and three had a generalized cutaneous sclerosis. Sixteen patients had bibasilar pulmonary fibrosis, 10 had necrosis of the fingertip pulps, nine had oesophageal involvement and only one patient had renal involvement. Antinuclear antibodies and circulating immune complexes were detected in three and eight patients with SD, 14 and five patients with S and in 16 and nine patients with SA-SS, respectively. Anti-Scl-70 antibody was detected in eight of the 17 patients with SA-SS. Evidence for in vivo endothelial cell damage, as determined by elevated levels of von Willebrand factor, was found in nine patients with SD, 14 patients with S and in 10 patients with SA-SS. Following incubation of the patient's serum with confluent cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells there was only a significant reduction in calcium ionophore-induced release of prostacyclin with the serum from SA-SS patients compared to that with control serum (NC). The mean +/- SEM release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin expressed as ng/10(4) cells) decreased from 2.90 +/- 0.27 to 2.01 +/- 0.33 (SD), 3.34 +/- 0.42 to 1.76 +/- 0.31 (S), 1.98 +/- 0.12 to 0.64 +/- 0.07 (SA-SS) and 2.28 +/- 0.33 to 1.36 +/- 0.21 (NC) with 1 and 20% serum, respectively. This study demonstrates that immune complex and antinuclear antibody formation and in vivo endothelial cell damage occurs following occupational exposure to silica. The patients who subsequently develop a systemic sclerosis-like disease have clinical, immunological and serological features which are indistinguishable from the idiopathic form of the disease although as a group the SA-SS patients have a higher prevalence of pulmonary involvement and the anti-Scl-70 antibody.
Pravastatin Therapy and the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Harvey D. White, R. John Simes, Neil E. Anderson, Graeme J. Hankey, John D.G. Watson, David Hunt, David M. Colquhoun, Paul Glasziou, Stephen MacMahon, Adrienne C. Kirby, Malcolm J. West, Andrew M. Tonkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Several epidemiologic studies have concluded that there is no relation between total cholesterol levels and the risk of stroke. In some studies that classified strokes according to cause, there was an association between increasing cholesterol levels and the risk of ischemic stroke and a possible association between low cholesterol levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Recent reviews of trials of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl–coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have suggested that these agents may reduce the risk of stroke.
Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Synthesis in Human Monocytes During Transendothelial Migration In Vitro
Authors: Masafumi Takahashi, Jun-Ichi Masuyama, Uichi Ikeda, Tadashi Kasahara, Sei-Ichi Kitagawa, Yu-Ichi Takahashi, Kazuyuki Shimada, Shogo Kano
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, or monocyte chemotactic and activating factor) plays important roles in the recruitment of monocytes and thus in the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined whether MCP-1 synthesis was induced by the cellular interaction between monocytes and endothelial cells during the process of transendothelial migration. We found that when human peripheral blood monocytes (2.5×10 6 cells) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs; 5.0×10 5 cells) were cocultured for 5 hours, 7.9 ng/mL MCP-1 was secreted into the medium, whereas when the two were cultured separately, MCP-1 levels were 1.0 and 0.9 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the use of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)–pretreated HUVECs in cocultures induced twice the levels of MCP-1 as in unstimulated HUVEC culture. Conditioned medium had transendothelial chemotactic activity for monocytes, and this activity was completely abolished by addition of anti–MCP-1 antibody. Although MCP-1 mRNA levels were very low or undetectable in HUVECs or monocytes alone, message could be detected after 2 hours of coculture in total mRNA preparations from both monocytes and HUVECs. mRNA levels increased by 4 hours and had declined slightly by 24 hours. The rapid induction of message suggests that cell contact between monocytes and HUVECs induces the de novo synthesis of MCP-1 protein. Anti–interleukin (IL)-1α/β and anti–tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies, or anti–lymphocyte function–associated antigen-1 and very late antigen-4 antibodies, had little or no inhibitory effects on MCP-1 secretion by cocultures. Immunohistochemistry revealed that monocytes adherent to or having migrated across unstimulated HUVEC monolayers as well as the HUVECs themselves expressed MCP-1 protein. However, nonadherent monocytes failed to express it. This finding suggests that the monocyte–endothelial cell adhesive interaction results in an MCP-1–inductive signal to each cell type. MCP-1 expression by migrated monocytes may indicate that monocytes are primed to produce MCP-1 during transmigration and can secrete it in normal tissue in which inflammatory cytokines that induce MCP-1 are otherwise absent.
Steroids and COPD
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decompression sickness and contact lenses.
Authors: J. Betts
Journal: BMJ (1969)

west Pacific, are still malarious and constitute a reservoir of imported infection.A W.H.O.report' quoted some 1,500 cases of malaria imported into six countries during the past few years.There were 876 such cases in 1963-1965 in the U.S.S.R.'The burden of imported malaria falls now heavily on the U.S.A., where, since 1966, the number of cases rose dramatically from fewer than 100 per annum to 2,855 cases in 1967 and to 2,610 cases in 1968, chiefly in the military personnel returning from Vietnam.'Although malaria in the civilians returning to the U.S.A. from tropical areas was seen only in 123 cases, the fact that most of them occurred in students and teachers calls for special vigilance when it comes to these and similar occupational groups and par- ticularly Voluntary Service Overseas volun- teers returning to this country from service abroad.To this one might add the increas- ing number of far-ranging tourists, and the following case may serve as a good illustra- tion of hazards of modern version of Innocents Abroad."A 60-year-old woman living in Hartford, Conn., U.S.A., developed on 7 March 1969 nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.On 9 March her temperature reached 1030 F. (39-40 C.), but became normal on the next day, and she was able to do some shopping.Three days later she showed the same symptoms as before, with the tempera- ture 1020 F. (38-9' C.) and some disorientation.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer With Epiphora
Authors: Salem Yuoness, Irina Rachinsky, Albert A. Driedger, Tarik Z. Belhocine
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Chronic excess tearing or epiphora is seen in differentiated thyroid cancer patients who have received multiple doses of I-131 therapy. A 25-year-old woman with a papillary thyroid cancer received 6 doses of I-131 (±37GBq) for I-131–avid lung metastases. The patient underwent a diagnostic I-131 whole-body scan plus SPECT/CT for a borderline thyroglobulin. I-131 whole-body scan demonstrated a right periorbital focus as shown in Figure 1, which was precisely localized on SPECT/CT at the right proximal nasolacrimal duct as shown in Figure 2. Dacryoscintigraphy documented a right high-grade obstruction as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The patient underwent a right dacryocystorhinostomy with a Crawford tube insertion. SPECT/CT allows anatofunctional definition of pathophysiological I-131 uptake patterns.