tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Peritoneum — A Potential Insulin Delivery Route for a Mechanical Pancreas
Authors: David S Schade, Philip Eaton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The potential advantages of the peritoneum as an insulin delivery site for an implanted mechanical pancreas are reviewed. During embryogenesis in humans, the development of the pancreas and liver are closely related such that, in the adult, all endogenous insulin secreted by the pancreas passes directly to the liver before entering the peripheral circulation. This anatomic relationship permits the direct modulation of absorbed nutrients from the gut by both the liver and pancreatic hormones. Preliminary studies in the dog indicate that at least a portion of insulin infused into the peritoneal space enters the hepatic portal vein before entering the peripheral circulation, thereby simulating normal pancreatic insulin secretion. Infusion of insulin directly into the peritoneum in humans has demonstrated that (1) insulin absorption is rapid (within minutes), (2) it results in appropriate meal-related peaks in peripheral insulin concentration, and (3) the insulin has biologic activity in suppressing meal-induced hyperglycemia. Furthermore, analysis of the absorbed insulin pattern indicates that approximately 50% of the delivered insulin is removed before entering the peripheral circulation, compatible with hepatic insulin removal. In addition, insulin delivered into the peritoneum in diabetic individuals may result in a reduction in meal-related glycemic excursions, compared with a similar quantity of NPH insulin delivered subcutaneously. Thus, the peritoneum may be a rational alternative to both the intravenous and subcutaneous delivery sites for an implanted insulin delivery system,
New Developments in Family Medicine
Authors: Marjorie A. Bowman
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The 0.3-mg/d dose of esterified estrogens increased bone density without evidence of endometrial hyperplasia on ultrasound. Higher doses resulted in greater increases in bone density, but more adverse effects. The FDA has recently approved raloxifene, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, for osteoporosis prevention. In addition to increasing bone density, this drug lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol levels, may inhibit breast cancer, and does not cause endometrial hyperplasia. 3
Spirochetes Isolated from the Blood of Two Patients with Lyme Disease
Authors: Jorge L. Benach, Edward M. Bosler, John P. Hanrahan, James L. Coleman, Gail S. Habicht, Thomas F. Bast, Donald J. Cameron, John L. Ziegler, Alan G. Barbour, Willy Burgdorfer, Robert Edelman, Richard A. Kaslow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We isolated spirochetes from the blood of 2 of 36 patients in Long Island and Westchester County, New York, who had signs and symptoms suggestive of Lyme disease. The spirochetes were morphologically similar and serologically identical to organisms recently found to infect Ixodes dammini ticks, which are endemic to the area and have been epidemiologically implicated as vectors of Lyme disease. In both patients, there was a rise in specific antispirochetal antibodies in paired specimens of serum. We conclude that the I. dammini spirochete has an etiologic role in Lyme disease. (N Engl J Med. 1983; 308:740–2.)
Target cardiovascular risk rather than cholesterol concentration
Authors: H. M. Krumholz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

New American guidelines are a brave and wise departure from current practice

The recent American “Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults” heralds a new era in the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and stroke by focusing on reducing risk and abandoning cholesterol concentrations as targets.1 The new guidelines indicate that once lifestyle interventions have been exhausted drugs should be started on the basis of patient risk, that only those drugs known to reduce risk should be used, and that a singular focus on cholesterol concentrations should be abandoned.

This tectonic shift in prevention breaks with decades of recommendations stretching back to 1988, when the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute released the first US guidelines, which established clear thresholds for starting lipid lowering drugs and goals for treatment.2 Moreover, it is a marked departure from the European Society of Cardiology guidelines, published two years ago, which strongly endorse low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations as targets for drug treatment.3 

Clinicians and the public may find the new recommendations jarring. Doctors are taught about targets, tested in examinations about them, and may be evaluated and even paid according to their patients’ lipid concentrations. Academics make careers that are founded on studies to investigate how best to help patients reach salutary …
Abstract 1083: Host-tumor immune response for early breast cancer patients treated with radiofrequency ablation therapy
Authors: Shigeru Imoto, Noriko Nakatsugawa, Takayuki Ueno, Hiroki Ito, Kentaro Imi, Kaisuke Miyamoto, Manami Kitamura, Hirotsugu Isaka, Tetsuya Nakatsura
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract [Background] We demonstrated immune suppression of regulatory T (Treg) cells in preoperative breast cancer (BC) patients at AACR 2011. Last year we also reported at this meeting that Th17 cells might have some potential to control tumor progression in the same cohort. Modern treatment of operable BC consists of breast surgery, drug therapy and radiation therapy. [Aim] To explore new strategy of BC treatment, we conducted a phase II study on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in early BC between 2009 and 2013. Twenty patients were enrolled. To examine host-tumor immune response under thermal ablation therapy, Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and plasma IL-17A were measured. [Patients and methods] Blood samples were collected from 13 patients before RFA and at the time of 1 month after RFA. Treg cells were examined by counting CD4+CD25highCD127low/-cells in PBMC. Plasma IL-17A was measured using cytometric beads array system. Statistical significance was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. [Results] As of November 2013, all patients were free of recurrence. The percentages of Treg cells had no significant change in 13 patients before and after RFA (2.8% versus 2.7% of CD4-positive cells at mean value). In addition, there was no statistical difference in levels of plasma IL-17A before and after RFA (76 pg/ml versus 116 pg/ml at mean level). [Discussion] Unexpectedly, RFA had no favorable immune response in BC patients, because we observed significant decrease in percentages of Treg cells after breast surgery. The reason is that most patients had T1 tumor and Luminal A-like BC. They had lower percentages of Treg cells in comparison to those of tumor-bearing patients reported previously (2.8% versus 4.2%). [Conclusion] RFA is a promising alternative to breast surgery. However, it may make little effect on host-tumor immune response in favorable subtype of early BC. Citation Format: Shigeru Imoto, Noriko Nakatsugawa, Takayuki Ueno, Hiroki Ito, Kentaro Imi, Kaisuke Miyamoto, Manami Kitamura, Hirotsugu Isaka, Tetsuya Nakatsura. Host-tumor immune response for early breast cancer patients treated with radiofrequency ablation therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1083. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1083
TCT-101 12M Results of a 2nd Generation Transapical Aortic Bioprosthesis for the Treatment of Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Joerg Kempfert, David Holzhey, Hendrik Treede, Matthias Thielmann, Stephan Sorg, H. Schroefel, Friedrich Mohr, Thomas Walther
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2566: Mesenchymal to epithelial transition associates with drug resistance in tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line
Authors: Xiqiang Liu, Lu Jiang, Fei Shi, Xiaofeng Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in altered drug sensitivity to various chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we investigate whether this phenomenon would play a role in acquired resistance to cisplatin. We firstly established a cisplatin-resistant subline (UMcis, IC50 = 19.8 µM), which was derived from the cisplatin-sensitive tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line, UM1 (IC50 = 3.6 µM). The UMcis cells showed cross-resistance against other chemotherapeutic drugs with divergent mechanisms of action [5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU), paclitaxel and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib]. Genome-wide expressional profiling was performed on the paired cell lines. Interestingly, a large number of genes associated with EMT (or reversed EMT, MET) were differentially expressed between the two cell lines. We confirmed that increased expression of E-Cadherin combined with the loss of Vimentin, Slug, Twist1 and MMP2 by immunoblotting was associated with drug resistance. Importantly, downregulation of E-Cadherin in UMcis cells not only increased the expression of mesenchymal markers, such as Vimentin, Slug and Twist1, but also restored drug sensitivity. Moreover, concurrent treatment with transforming growth factor-beta 1 and epidermal growth factor induced EMT in the UMcis cells, which also led to altered chemo-responsiveness. Therefore, our results suggest that induction of MET may contribute to the decreased efficiency of cisplatin-based chemotherapy and acquired drug resistance in tongue cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2566.
PTH-039 Should Anticoagulants be Stopped Before Diagnostic Colonoscopy?
Authors: P G Vaughan-Shaw, P Rai, A Goodman, M Aung
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With increasing age and polypharmacy, an increasing proportion of patients undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy take anticoagulant medication. Under UK guidelines anticoagulants are continued for diagnostic colonoscopy and which may necessitate a second colonoscopy for ‘high risk’ procedures after stopping anti-coagulants. This may increase endoscopy waiting times and subject often frail patients to a second invasive procedure. This study aims to identify the incidence of and indication for repeat colonoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> All colonoscopies performed over a 3 year period were studied. Any patients that underwent 2 colonoscopies within a 12-month period were included. Data on colonoscopy indication and outcome were collected. <h3>Results</h3> 5747 colonoscopies were performed over the study period. Of these, 193 colonoscopies were repeats performed within 12 months. Incomplete colonoscopy (n = 54) due to poor bowel preparation (n = 45) was the commonest indication for a repeated procedure. Requirement for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or polypectomy indicated a repeat colonoscopy in 48 cases. Patients requiring EMR on warfarin (n = 12) or clopidigrel (n = 2), accounted for 7% of all repeated colonoscopies with a median delay repeat colonoscopy of 37 days. There was no morbidity associated with repeated colonoscopy in this series. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Repeated colonoscopy due to previous anti-coagulation accounts for a small proportion (7%) of repeated procedures and an insignificant proportion (0.2%) of all colonoscopies performed. Cessation of anti-colagulation for diagnostic colonoscopy would not result in a significant reduction in endoscopy workload but subject patients to an unnecessary risk of thromboembolic disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Engraftment of Bone Marrow–derived Stem Cells to the Lung in a Model of Acute Respiratory Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Joanna Rejman, Carla Colombo, Massimo Conese
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Stem cell therapy presents an attractive approach to cure cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We set out to investigate the effect of epithelial damage caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic bacterium widely occurring in CF, on the engraftment of bone marrow cells in airway epithelium. Intravenous or intratracheal administration of unfractionated green fluorescent protein (GFP+) bone marrow cells in P. aeruginosa-infected mice resulted in none or very few GFP+ cells detected in the lungs of the recipient mice, respectively. Only when GFP+ bone marrow cells were purified to obtain a cell suspension enriched in progenitor cells and injected intratracheally, significant numbers of GFP+ cells were detected. Localization of the donor cells at the level of airway epithelium was confirmed by Y-chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. All donor-derived Y-chromosome+ cells were found to express cytokeratin (CK). The fractions of GFP+ cells expressing CK were 0.34 and 0.76% for the 105 and 106 colony forming units (cfu) bacterial inoculums, respectively. When scored by Y-chromosome positivity these numbers were 0.60 and 1.12%, respectively. Our results show for the first time that tissue damage inflicted by bacteria like P. aeruginosa facilitates the airway engraftment of heterologous bone marrow–derived stem cells and their epithelial transformation. Stem cell therapy presents an attractive approach to cure cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. We set out to investigate the effect of epithelial damage caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic bacterium widely occurring in CF, on the engraftment of bone marrow cells in airway epithelium. Intravenous or intratracheal administration of unfractionated green fluorescent protein (GFP+) bone marrow cells in P. aeruginosa-infected mice resulted in none or very few GFP+ cells detected in the lungs of the recipient mice, respectively. Only when GFP+ bone marrow cells were purified to obtain a cell suspension enriched in progenitor cells and injected intratracheally, significant numbers of GFP+ cells were detected. Localization of the donor cells at the level of airway epithelium was confirmed by Y-chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. All donor-derived Y-chromosome+ cells were found to express cytokeratin (CK). The fractions of GFP+ cells expressing CK were 0.34 and 0.76% for the 105 and 106 colony forming units (cfu) bacterial inoculums, respectively. When scored by Y-chromosome positivity these numbers were 0.60 and 1.12%, respectively. Our results show for the first time that tissue damage inflicted by bacteria like P. aeruginosa facilitates the airway engraftment of heterologous bone marrow–derived stem cells and their epithelial transformation.
Urinary Infection in Childhood
Authors: H. Braude, J. O. Forfar, J. C. Gould
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Buccal Oxytocin SIR,-Oxytocin can have a powerful effect upon the pregnant uterus, however it reaches the blood-stream.The intravenous " pitocin drip" was at first regarded by some as a dangerous technique-; and so it was until experience had made plain the pitfalls and careful investigation had shown how these could be avoided.To-day it can only be
Review: Therapeutic hypothermia improves neurologic outcome and survival to discharge after cardiac arrest
Authors: Eddy S. Lang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club16 February 2010Review: Therapeutic hypothermia improves neurologic outcome and survival to discharge after cardiac arrestEddy S. Lang, MDEddy S. Lang, MDUniversity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (E.S.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationArrich J, Holzer M, Herkner H, Müllner M. Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD004128. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19821320Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: Hospitalists: Cardiology: Neurology: References1 Nolan JP, Morley PT, Vanden Hoek TL, et al. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: an advisory statement by the advanced life support task force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation. 2003;108:118−21. [PMID: 12847056] Google Scholar2 Bigham BL, Dainty KN, Scales DC, Morrison LJ, Brooks SC. Predictors of adopting therapeutic hypothermia for post-cardiac arrest patients among Canadian emergency and critical care physicians. Resuscitation. 2009 Nov 12 (Epub ahead of print). [PMID: 19913981] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (E.S.L.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 February 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLong-term outcome of elderly out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors as compared with their younger counterparts and the general population 16 February 2010Volume 152, Issue 4Page: JC2-2KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationHeartHemofiltrationHypothermiaNeurologyNumber needed to treatPerceptionQuality of lifeTemperatureTreatment guidelines ePublished: 16 February 2010 Issue Published: 16 February 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Death of Mr Lazarescu
Authors: Khalid Ali
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Directed by Cristi Puiu Shown at the London Film Festival on 1 and 2 November Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> ![Graphic][4]</img> Lazarescu: shuttled from one department to another M ost recent television medical dramas have shown doctors as superheroes who can save lives with the brush of a magical wand. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation by doctors on Casualty or ER always has a happy ending with patients walking out of hospital as healthy as ever. This is not the case in the recent Romanian surprise hit film The Death of Mr Lazarescu , which has … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
A Case of Primary Cutaneous Listeriosis
Authors: Cora R. Owen, Armon Meis, J. W. Jackson, H. G. Stoenner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SINCE the first recognition of Listeria monocytogenes by Murray, Webb and Swan1 in 1926 this organism has been isolated from patients suffering from a limited number of syndromes. Harvey and Faber2 and Finegold et al.3 stated that it had been found in only two conditions in man: encephalomeningitis and infectious mononucleosis. However, Murray,4 in a review of listeriosis, said that in the human cases reported up to that time, the syndromes were those of meningitis or encephalitis in 33 per cent, "granulomatosis" in 29 per cent, septicemia in 21 per cent, mononucleosis in 8 per cent and conjunctivitis in 6 . . .
354 Hepatic stellate cell specific delivery of mycophenolic acid as a strategy to treat liver fibrosis
Authors: R GREUPINK, H BAKKER, A VANLOENENWEEMAES, C REKERSMIT, D MEIJER, L BELJAARS, K POELSTRA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We previously determined that the cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes, (CREG) plays a role in the maintenance of the mature phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). This study aimed to identify the role of CREG in modulating the migration of SMCs. Recombinant virus-mediated CREG expression inhibited the cellular migration of cultured SMCs associated with down-regulated activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). In contrast, CREG knockdown via the retroviral transfer of short hairpin RNAs promoted cellular migration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and endocytosis analysis revealed that CREG knockdown attenuated the internalization and increased secretion of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II. Western blot analysis demonstrated that both phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphatase Akt were enhanced in CREG knockdown SMCs. Furthermore, the effect of CREG knockdown on SMC migration was abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of either IGF-II neutralizing antibody or the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002. These results indicate that the CREG knockdown-mediated increase in IGF-II secretion promoted cellular migration in SMCs via the PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Additionally, blockage of IGF-II binding to the mannose-6-phosphate/IGF-II receptor (M6P/IGF2R) by IGF2R antibody or recombinant IGF2R fragment attenuated the endocytosis of IGF-II in cells overexpressing CREG. This indicates that M6P/IGF2R is involved in the regulation of CREG-mediated IGF-II endocytosis. In summary, these data demonstrate for the first time that CREG plays a critical role in the inhibition of SMC migration, as well as maintaining SMCs in a mature phenotype. These results may provide a new therapeutic target for vascular disease associated with neointimal hyperplasia.
Short-term effect of oral anticoagulant therapy on documented left atrial thrombi in candidates for percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy
Authors: Songkwan Silaruks, Bandit Thinkhamrop, Songsak Kietchoosakul, Chaiyasith Wonvipaporn, Pyatat Tatsanavivat, Virat Klungboonklong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Left ventricular hypertrophy in a canine model of reversible pressure overload
Authors: K. Ishihara, M. R Zile, M. Tomita, R. Tanaka, S. Kanazawa, B. A Carabello
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

The goal of therapy for left ventricular pressure overload should include regression of the associated left ventricular hypertrophy, but this process is incompletely understood. The aim of the study was to characterise the extent and time course of the progression and regression of pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy in a canine hypertrophy model.Six puppies were studied longitudinally with haemodynamic and echocardiographic measurements for 10 months. The study animals underwent ascending aortic banding at nine weeks of age which produced an initial gradient of 30 mm Hg. Subsequent growth led to an increase in gradient and the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Then thoracotomy was again performed to remove the band. One month later, balloon aortoplasty was performed to remove the residual gradient. The animals were then observed for six months.Growth increased the gradient to 105(SEM 10) mm Hg three months after banding. The left ventricular weight to body weight ratio (g.kg-1), an index of hypertrophy, was 7.2(0.5) after three months of pressure overload. Subsequently the band was surgically removed, reducing the gradient to an average of 58(10) mm Hg. Balloon dilatation of the residual aortic stricture reduced the gradient further to 6(5) mm Hg. Over the ensuing six months, echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass showed the regression in left ventricular hypertrophy. After six months, left ventricular weight to body weight ratio in the previously banded animals was significantly reduced from 7.2(0.5) to 5.3(0.2) (p less than 0.05).The model produced over 100% left ventricular hypertrophy, most of which regressed following removal of the pressure overload.