tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poverty, unemployment, and common mental disorders: population based cohort study
Authors: S. Weich, G. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To determine whether poverty and unemployment increase the likelihood of or delay recovery from common mental disorders, and whether these associations could be explained by subjective financial strain. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> England, Wales, and Scotland. <b>Subjects:</b> 7726 adults aged 16-75 living in private households. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Common mental disorders were assessed using the general health questionnaire, a self assessed measure of psychiatric morbidity. <b>Results:</b> Poverty and unemployment (odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.94) were associated with the maintenance but not onset of episodes of common mental disorders. Associations between poverty and employment and maintenance of common mental disorders, however, were much smaller than those of cross sectional studies. Financial strain at baseline was independently associated with both onset (1.57, 1.19 to 2.07) and maintenance (1.86, 1.36 to 2.53) even after adjusting for objective indices of standard of living. <b>Conclusions:</b> Poverty and unemployment increased the duration of episodes of common mental disorders but not the likelihood of their onset. Financial strain was a better predictor of future psychiatric morbidity than either of these more objective risk factors though the nature of this risk factor and its relation with poverty and unemployment remain unclear. <h3>Key messages</h3> The prevalence of the most common mental disorders, anxiety and depression, has been shown to be consistently associated with unemployment and measures of poverty, independent of occupational social class Unemployment and poverty were associated with the maintenance of episodes of most common mental disorders but not their onset Financial strain was a powerful independent predictor of both the onset and maintenance of episodes of common mental disorders, even after adjusting for more objective measures of standard of living Over 12 months poverty and financial strain, but not unemployment, were associated with significant increases in psychiatric morbidity; the effect of poverty increased with the level of baseline morbidity Further research is needed to better understand the nature of financial strain and its relation with unemployment and objective measures of standard of living
Clinical Lectures Delivered at University College Hospital
Authors: J. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1843)

Rheumatism with pericarditis-Diagnosis between hypertrophy of the heart and effusion into the pericardium-Importance of examining the heart in all cases of rheumatism-Tendency to pericarditis to produce hypertrophy-Convulsive move- ments attending rheumatism-Treatment by calo- mel, muriate of morphia, and venesection-Disap.pearance of the friction sound.
The Education of a Pathologist
Authors: Tsuyoshi Inoshita
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being a Doctor1 October 1992The Education of a PathologistTsuyoshi Inoshita, MDTsuyoshi Inoshita, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-7-608 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHere I was, a pathologist in mid-life crisis. Every goal I had been aiming for seemed to crumble in front of me. I had always been the sort of person who preferred independence and freedom from external restrictions, and thought, as a naive medical student, that pathology would give me such freedom. I would be free of troublesome human relations. But pathology turned out to be suffocating, sterile. I felt constrained. After a few attempts as an attending pathologist in various institutions, I finally returned to clinical medicine. Imagine, a medical resident in my mid-thirties! And here I was going... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portsmouth Cancer Center Portsmouth, OH 45662 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 7Page: 608-608KeywordsPathologists Issue Published: 1 October 1992 Copyright© 1992 American College of PhysiciansPDF DownloadLoading ...
Comparing Patient-Reported Hospital Adverse Events with Medical Record Review: Do Patients Know Something That Hospitals Do Not?
Authors: Joel S. Weissman, Eric C. Schneider, Saul N. Weingart, Arnold M. Epstein, JoAnn David-Kasdan, Sandra Feibelmann, Catherine L. Annas, Nancy Ridley, Leslie Kirle, Constantine Gatsonis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Hospitals routinely survey patients about the quality of care they receive, but little is known about whether patient interviews can detect adverse events that medical record reviews do not. Objective: To compare adverse events reported in postdischarge patient interviews with adverse events detected by medical record review. Design: Random sample survey. Setting: Massachusetts, 2003. Patients: Recently hospitalized adults. Measurements: By using parallel methods, physicians reviewed postdischarge interviews and medical records to classify hospital adverse events. Results: Among 998 study patients, 23% had at least 1 adverse event detected by an interview and 11% had at least 1 adverse event identified by record review. The κ statistic showed relatively poor agreement between interviews and medical records for occurrence of any type of adverse event (κ = 0.20 [95% CI, 0.03 to 0.27]) and somewhat better agreement between interviews and medical records for life-threatening or serious events (κ = 0.33 [CI, 0.20 to 0.45]). Record review identified 11 serious, preventable events (1.1% of patients). Interviews identified an additional 21 serious and preventable events that were not documented in the medical record, including 12 predischarge events and 9 postdischarge events, in which symptoms occurred after the patient left the hospital. Limitations: Patients had to be healthy enough to be interviewed. Delay in reaching patients (6 to 12 months after discharge) may have resulted in poor recall of events during the hospital stay. Conclusion: Patients report many events that are not documented in the medical record; some are serious and preventable. Hospitals should consider monitoring patient safety by adding questions about adverse events to postdischarge interviews.
A new frameshift β°‐thalassemia mutation (codons 27–28 +C) found in a Chinese family
Authors: Shiping Cai, David H. K. Chui, Judy Ng, Annette O. Poon, Melvin H. Freedman, Nancy F. Olivieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract A new β°‐ halassemia mutation, a frameshift mutation with an insertion of a single cytosine nucleotide in codon 27–28, is described. The propositus, who is compound heterozygous for this mutation and the IVSII‐654 C→T β°‐thalassemia mutation, has the phenotype of severe β‐thalassemia major.
Expandable Metal Stent Placement for Malignant Colorectal Obstruction
Authors: T. H. Baron, J. F. Rey, P. Spinelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Most outcome data for placement of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) within the gastrointestinal tract comes from experience of their use within the esophagus and biliary tree. In 1992, Spinelli et al. first reported placement of a modified Gianturco-Rösch stent within the colon for management of large bowel obstruction, and a large amount of data has accrued concerning SEMS use within the large bowel. The goal of this article is to define the clinical indications for insertion of SEMS for colonic obstruction, the types of stents used, the techniques of insertion, and the outcomes.
Vaccination for Invasive Canine Meningioma Induces<i>In Situ</i>Production of Antibodies Capable of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Brian M. Andersen, G. Elizabeth Pluhar, Charles E. Seiler, Michelle R. Goulart, Karen S. SantaCruz, Melissa M. Schutten, Joyce P. Meints, M. Gerard O'Sullivan, R. Timothy Bentley, Rebecca A. Packer, Stephanie A. Thomovsky, Annie V. Chen, Dominik Faissler, Wei Chen, Matthew A. Hunt, Michael R. Olin, John R. Ohlfest
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Malignant and atypical meningiomas are resistant to standard therapies and associated with poor prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of other tumors with therapeutic vaccines, this approach has not been tested preclinically or clinically in these tumors. Spontaneous canine meningioma is a clinically meaningful but underutilized model for preclinical testing of novel strategies for aggressive human meningioma. We treated 11 meningioma-bearing dogs with surgery and vaccine immunotherapy consisting of autologous tumor cell lysate combined with toll-like receptor ligands. Therapy was well tolerated, and only one dog had tumor growth that required intervention, with a mean follow up of 585 days. IFN-γ–elaborating T cells were detected in the peripheral blood of 2 cases, but vaccine-induced tumor-reactive antibody responses developed in all dogs. Antibody responses were polyclonal, recognizing both intracellular and cell surface antigens, and HSP60 was identified as one common antigen. Tumor-reactive antibodies bound allogeneic canine and human meningiomas, showing common antigens across breed and species. Histologic analysis revealed robust infiltration of antibody-secreting plasma cells into the brain around the tumor in posttreatment compared with pretreatment samples. Tumor-reactive antibodies were capable of inducing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity to autologous and allogeneic tumor cells. These data show the feasibility and immunologic efficacy of vaccine immunotherapy for a large animal model of human meningioma and warrant further development toward human trials. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2987–97. ©2013 AACR.
Yes‐associated protein regulates the hepatic response after bile duct ligation
Authors: Haibo Bai, Nailing Zhang, Yang Xu, Qian Chen, Mehtab Khan, James J. Potter, Suresh K. Nayar, Toby Cornish, Gianfranco Alpini, Steven Bronk, Duojia Pan, Robert A. Anders
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Human chronic cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by cholangiocyte proliferation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis. Yes-associated protein (YAP), the effector of the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway, has been shown to play a critical role in promoting cholangiocyte and hepatocyte proliferation and survival during embryonic liver development and hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether YAP participates in the regenerative response after cholestatic injury. First, we examined human liver tissue from patients with chronic cholestasis. We found more-active nuclear YAP in the bile ductular reactions of primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis patient liver samples. Next, we used the murine bile duct ligation (BDL) model to induce cholestatic liver injury. We found significant changes in YAP activity after BDL in wild-type mice. The function of YAP in the hepatic response after BDL was further evaluated with liver-specific Yap conditional deletion in mice. Ablating Yap in the mouse liver not only compromised bile duct proliferation, but also enhanced hepatocyte necrosis and suppressed hepatocyte proliferation after BDL. Furthermore, primary hepatocytes and cholangiocytes isolated from Yap - deficient livers showed reduced proliferation in response to epidermal growth factor in vitro . Finally, we demonstrated that YAP likely mediates its biological effects through the modulation of Survivin expression. Conclusion : Our data suggest that YAP promotes cholangiocyte and hepatocyte proliferation and prevents parenchymal damage after cholestatic injury in mice and thus may mediate the response to cholestasis-induced human liver disease.
Why Patients With Parkinson's Disease Fall
Authors: John F. Aita
Journal: JAMA (1982)

PATIENTS with Parkinson's disease have more of a tendency to fall than those without the disease, particularly as the disease progresses. Because there are several categories of abnormalities that cause the parkinsonian patient to fall, one should try to identify the precise cause of and circumstances surrounding the fall in order to choose appropriate therapy. When the parkinsonian patient does fall, he often makes little or no attempt to catch himself and may incur serious injury. <h3>Sitting</h3> Sometimes when sitting without a back support—on a stool, bench, or the edge of a bed—the patient will spontaneously fall slowly backward. Therapy would comprise use of a back support, physical therapy, education (teaching patients to lean forward, to use their hands to hold themselves in a sitting position, and to place an object behind themselves to lean against), and medication. <h3>Rising</h3> The patient with Parkinson's disease frequently experiences difficulty with or inability
Abstract 2692: Dendrimer delivery of RNA based Twist1 inhibitors to reduce breast cancer cell metastasis.
Authors: James B. Finlay, Cai M. Roberts, Carlotta A. Glackin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Breast cancer in women is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with metastatic disease being the chief cause of mortality. Metastatic breast cancer tumors are often found in their later stages making them difficult to remove or treat. Inhibition of tumor cell dispersion is therefore a key component to a reduction in mortality rates among women with breast cancer. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is the process by which cancer cells downregulate proteins associated with cell to cell adhesion (e.g. E-cadherin) resulting in cells that are able to mobilize. Breast cancer cells are known to commandeer the EMT process through overexpression of Twist1, thus allowing the cells to metastasize beyond the primary tumor. Twist1 therefore serves as an excellent therapeutic target whose disruption would result in fewer metastatic cancer cells and correspondingly reduce cancer mortality. Twist1 is also a desirable target because it is almost nonexistent in adult tissues and thus its silencing would have minimal side effects. Our lab has elected to use an siRNA mediated gene silencing approach to decrease the expression levels of Twist1 in two highly invasive breast cancer cell lines (SUM 1315 and MCF7-Tw). Due to their fragile nature, siRNA molecules are often difficult to deliver at therapeutic levels. We have overcome these delivery limitations through the optimization and use of Poly (amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers. We hypothesize that suppression of the activity of Twist1 via dendrimer-delivered Twist1 siRNA will inhibit metastatic behavior of aggressive breast cancer cells. Here we demonstrate successful delivery of Cy3-labled siRNA using two different dendrimers (Generation 5 and a modified Generation 3) with transfection efficiency results exceeding those of Lipofectamine 2000 and with far less toxicity to cells. We also show up to a 90% reduction (lasting at least 4 days) in Twist1 expression using Western Blot and qPCR analysis. Phenotypically we were able to appreciate a significant decrease in the invasive nature of the breast cancer cells using migration/invasion assays. Taken together these results demonstrate successful knockdown of Twist1 using siRNA dendrimer complexes resulting in an altered cellular phenotype. These data will serve as a foundation for optimization of future in vivo experiments with both orthotopic and metastatic breast cancer models. Citation Format: James B. Finlay, Cai M. Roberts, Carlotta A. Glackin. Dendrimer delivery of RNA based Twist1 inhibitors to reduce breast cancer cell metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2692. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2692
Cough receptor sensitivity in children with acute and non-acute asthma
Authors: A. B. Chang, P. D. Phelan, C. F. Robertson
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Cough is a major symptom in some children with asthma. The relationship between cough and the severity of asthma is ill defined. A study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that, in children with asthma who cough as a major part of their asthma symptoms, cough receptor sensitivity (CRS) is heightened during an acute severe exacerbation of asthma but not in the non-acute phase and airway calibre or its change correlates with CRS.Spirometric measurements and the capsaicin CRS test were performed on children admitted to hospital for an acute severe exacerbation of asthma. Nasal secretions were tested for viruses. The children were grouped into those who usually cough with asthma episodes and those who do not. The tests were repeated 7-10 days and 4-6 weeks later. The CRS outcome measure used was the concentration of capsaicin required to stimulate two (Cth) and five coughs (C5).The CRS of the group who coughed (n = 15) was significantly higher than those who did not cough (n = 16) (mean difference log Cth 0.77 mumol (95% CI 0.35 to 1.18), C5 0.72 mumol (95% CI 0.26 to 1.18)) during acute asthma but not after the exacerbation. CRS was not significantly different between groups based on the presence of a viral infection. Neither forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) nor its change correlated with CRS nor its change.In children with asthma CRS is heightened in acute severe asthma in the subgroup of children who have cough as a significant symptom with their asthma episodes. In acute and non-acute asthma CRS does not correlate with FEV1.
Foxp3+CD4+CD25+ T cells control virus-specific memory T cells in chimpanzees that recovered from hepatitis C
Authors: Tobias Manigold, Eui-Cheol Shin, Eishiro Mizukoshi, Kathleen Mihalik, Krishna K. Murthy, Charles M. Rice, Ciriaco A. Piccirillo, Barbara Rehermann
Journal: Blood (2006)
Endophilin/SH3p4 Is Required for the Transition from Early to Late Stages in Clathrin-Mediated Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis
Authors: Niels Ringstad, Helge Gad, Peter Löw, Gilbert Di Paolo, Lennart Brodin, Oleg Shupliakov, Pietro De Camilli
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: M. Constanza Camargo, Leslie T. Stayner, Kurt Straif, Margarita Reina, Umaima Al-Alem, Paul A. Demers, Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

A recent Monographs Working Group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that there is sufficient evidence for a causal association between exposure to asbestos and ovarian cancer. We performed a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate this association.Searches of PubMed and unpublished data yielded a total of 18 cohort studies of women occupationally exposed to asbestos.Two authors independently abstracted data; any disagreement was resolved by consulting a third reviewer.All but one study reported standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) comparing observed numbers of deaths with expected numbers for the general population; the exception was a study that reported standardized incidence ratios. For simplicity, we refer to all effect estimates as SMRs. The overall pooled SMR estimate for ovarian cancer was 1.77 (95% confidence interval, 1.37-2.28), with a moderate degree of heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 35.3%, p = 0.061). Effect estimates were stronger for cohorts compensated for asbestosis, cohorts with estimated lung cancer SMRs > 2.0, and studies conducted in Europe compared with other geographic regions. Effect estimates were similar for studies with and without pathologic confirmation, and we found no evidence of publication bias (Egger's test p-value = 0.162).Our study supports the IARC conclusion that exposure to asbestos is associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Abuse History and Gastrointestinal Illness
Authors: Douglas A. Drossman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 September 1996Abuse History and Gastrointestinal IllnessDouglas A. Drossman, MDDouglas A. Drossman, MDUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-6-199609150-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I appreciate Dr. Minocha's comments, but they require some clarification. In my article, I state that “if pain is the primary problem, it helps to determine whether the pain occurs in relation to changes in gut function, which would indicate the need for a medication directed at the gut (such as an antimotility drug). If the pain is continuous, severe, and unrelated to changes in gut function, psychoactive medications for central analgesia [antidepressant agents] are indicated.”I agree that antidepressant agents can be used in the presence of gut dysfunction; conversely, motility-acting agents are not suited for severe, ...References1. Greenbaum DS, Mayle JE, Vanegeren LE, Jerome JA, Mayor JW, Greenbaum RB, et al. Effects of desipramine on IBS compared with atropine and placebo. Dig Dis Sci. 1987; 32:257-66. Google Scholar2. Gorard DA, Libby GW, Farthing MJ. Effect of a tricyclic antidepressant on small intestinal motility in health and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 1995; 40:86-95. Google Scholar3. Gorard DA, Libby GW, Farthing JG. Influence of antidepressants on whole gut orocaecal transit times in health and irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1994; 8:159-66. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1996Volume 125, Issue 6Page: 517-518KeywordsAnalgesiaAnalgesicsConstipation-predominant irritable bowel syndromeDiarrheaDiarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromeDrugsIrritable bowel syndromeSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitorsSerotoninTricyclic antidepressants Issue Published: 15 September 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE IN HUMAN PLASMA*
Authors: Vernon K. Vance, William J. Reddy, Don H. Nelson, George W. Thorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Utilizing the bioassay of Sayers, Sayers and Woodbury (1), based upon adrenal ascorbic acid depletion in the hypophysectomized rat, Paris (2), Taylor (3), and Sydnor (4, 5) and their co-work- ers, were unable to find detectable levels of ACTH in normal subjects.Gaarenstroom and his colleagues (6) observed detectable quantities in 7 of 33 normal subjects.Others (7-12) have reported very high concentrations.Sayers ( 13) discounted these latter reports as being inconsistent with the observation ( 14) that ACTH causes a maximal adrenal response in doses calculated to give much lower plasma concentrations.He concluded that the normal concentration is less than 0.5 mU per 100 ml of blood.Fujita (15) concluded from his studies that the normal concentration of ACTH in whole blood was 1.0 mU per 100 ml.The bioassay, using the secretion of adrenal ster- oids in the hypophysectomized dog after adminis- tration of a test substance (16), provided a more direct method of measuring ACTH, but this method was not sensitive enough to allow meas- urement of ACTH in the plasma of normal hu- mans.The development of a method for the meas- urement of corticosterone1 in small quantities of rat plasma (17, 18) permitted the application of thy principle of measurement of adrenal venous corticosteroids to the hypophysectomized rat (19).The rat bioassay for ACTH proved to be sensi-