tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The chools of Salerno--Medical and Artistic
Authors: J. D. Breckenridge
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Somewhere in his education a medical student learns that the first school of medicine, in the modern sense, was formed at Salerno, in southern Italy, during the Middle Ages. Students of medieval art, on the other hand, are becoming increasingly aware of the same city as a remarkably seminal crossroads of artistic tendencies, one which had the most important consequences for the development of Western European art in the 12th and 13th centuries. No one has yet asked the question whether these contemporary innovations in science and art might not have occurred for closely similar reasons.  Why a particular professional specialty happens to flourish at one locality rather than another, at a particular moment in time, must surely reflect a large element of chance; but there might also be specific determining factors. In the case of early medical centers, for example, certain physical aspects of the situation might be quite
Skin thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes airway sensitization to inhalant house dust mites leading to allergic asthma in mice
Authors: H. Jiang, P. Hener, J. Li, M. Li
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Asthma is often preceded by atopic dermatitis ( AD ), a phenomenon known as ‘atopic march’. It has been suggested that sensitization to common inhalant allergens, which is developed in a majority of patients with AD and often during the course of AD , may play a critical role in triggering the atopic march. Yet, what signal(s) delivered by AD skin could promote sensitization to inhalant allergens remains elusive. Here, by employing an experimental mouse asthma protocol, which is induced by airway sensitization and challenge to inhalant house dust mite ( HDM ), we demonstrate that the overproduction of cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin ( TSLP ) by AD skin promotes airway sensitization to HDM , thereby triggering subsequently an allergic asthma. Together, this study provides, for the first time, the experimental proof that TSLP represents an AD skin‐delivered signal to promote sensitization to inhalant aeroallergen, which may account for one mechanism underlying the ‘atopic march’.
Outcomes of Pediatric Appendicitis
Authors: Li Hsia Alicia Cheong, Sherif Emil
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pediatric appendicitis outcomes have been shown to be influenced by several patient-, surgeon-, and hospital-level factors. However, to our knowledge, no prior studies have investigated the effect of health care systems on outcomes. <h3>Objective</h3> To test the hypothesis that the outcomes of children with appendicitis are better in the Canadian single-payer universal health care system than in the US multipayer system. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A population-based comparison of outcomes using the US Kids' Inpatient Database and the Canadian Discharge Abstract Database was performed. Subanalyses by age group, US insurance status, and severity of appendicitis (nonperforated or perforated) were also performed. We included patients younger than 18 years coded for nonincidental, urgent appendectomy in the 2006 and 2009 Kids' Inpatient Database (78 625) and 2004 to 2010 Discharge Abstract Database (41 492). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Perforation rate, normal appendix rate, and length of hospital stay. <h3>Results</h3> Canadian patients had higher rates of normal appendix (6.3% vs 4.3%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and perforated appendicitis (27.3% vs 26.7%;<i>P</i> = .04). The Canadian perforation rate fell in the middle between privately insured (24.1%) and publicly insured or noninsured US patients (30.4% and 31.2%, respectively). The Canadian perforation rate was lower in the 0- to 5-year age group (47.7% vs 52.3%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and higher in the 12- to 17-year age group (24.7% vs 21.8%;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) vs US patients. In Canada, hospital stay was longer after simple appendicitis (mean [SD], 2.0 [1.2] vs 1.7 [1.2] days;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and shorter after perforated appendicitis (mean [SD], 4.8 [3.6] vs 5.3 [3.7] days;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Differences in outcomes of pediatric appendicitis between the United States and Canada are influenced by age and US insurance status. These differences are relevant to health policy decisions in both nations.
BENIGN AND MALIGNANT DERMAL NEOPLASMS
Authors: Hamilton Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Uniformity or general agreement concerning the classification of dermal neoplasms does not exist, especially because more than one type of mesenchymal or mesodermal tissue often participates in the neoplasms, regardless of whether such neoplasms originate in connective tissue, muscle, nerve, or vascular tissue. Differences in emphasis among different pathologists explain a great part of the present confusion regarding classification. Furthermore, it is difficult at times to differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms. In addition, some conditions that are grouped as benign dermal neoplasms, such as cicatrix and various forms of nodular subepidermal fibrosis, scarcely can be regarded as new growths or tumors in the ordinary sense; yet generally they are classified as such. The same is true of most forms of cutaneous xanthomatoses, which are caused by a disturbance in the metabolism of lipids and are not true tumors.  The scope of this presentation does not permit discussion of all
Endothelin-stimulated secretion of natriuretic peptides by rat atrial myocytes is mediated by endothelin A receptors.
Authors: G Thibault, A F Doubell, R Garcia, R Larivière, E L Schiffrin
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, is known to enhance the secretion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) by the heart. In the present study, we investigated the potency of ET isopeptides to stimulate ANF and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) secretion in primary cultures of neonatal atrial myocytes, and we characterized the receptor mediating these effects. All ET isopeptides caused a twofold increase of ANF and BNP secretion with the following order of potency: ET-1 approximately ET-2 &gt; sarafotoxin 6b &gt; ET-3. Secretion of the natriuretic peptides was blocked by BQ-123, an ETA-receptor antagonist, but was not affected by either IRL-1620 or [Ala1,3,11,15]ET-1, two ETB-receptor agonists. ET receptors were localized by autoradiography on the surface of atrial myocytes, indicating that contaminating cells were not responsible for 125I-ET-1 binding. Competition binding analyses were then used to assess the ET-receptor subtype on atrial myocyte membrane preparations. A high-affinity (100 pmol/L) binding site with high density (approximately 1500 fmol/mg) was found to preferentially bind the ET isopeptides in the following order: ET-1 &gt; or = ET-2 &gt; or = sarafotoxin 6b &gt; ET-3. Binding was totally displaced by BQ-123 but not by IRL-1620. The ET binding site therefore had the characteristics of an ETA-like receptor. Analysis by cross-linking and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it possessed a molecular mass of approximately 50 kD. Northern blot analysis of both ETA- and ETB-receptor mRNAs allowed only the detection of the former, indicating that the ETB receptor may be expressed in very small amounts. These results demonstrate that ANF and BNP secretion by atrial myocytes is enhanced by ET via binding to an ETA-like receptor.
DISSEMINATION OF STREPTOCOCCI THROUGH INVISIBLE SPUTUM.IN RELATION TO SCARLET FEVER AND SEPSIS.
Authors: ALICE HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>INTRODUCTION.</h3> Since the completion of this investigation an article has appeared in the<i>Archiv für Klinische Chirurgie</i>, by Mendes de Leon, describing experiments conducted along the same lines as my own, and having practically the same results. Dr. de Leon calls attention to the work done in Flügge's laboratory which proved the importance of droplets of sputum in the dissemination of tuberculous infection, and comments on the fact that the sputum as a source of infection has apparently been overlooked by surgeons. He instituted experiments similar to those of Flügge, but modified so as to reproduce the conditions of the operating room, and succeeded in proving that the mouth of the operating surgeon is a fruitful source of streptococcal infection. During an ordinary operation, not performed before a class, a surgeon speaks from 150 to 500 words. Plates laid on the table before a number of surgeons while
Doctors get advice on criticism in the media
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The combined transfer of two renal function quantitative trait loci (QTLs), <i>Rf-1</i> (rat chromosome 1) and <i>Rf-4</i> (rat chromosome 14), from the Fawn-hooded hypertensive rat onto the August Copenhagen Irish genetic background significantly increases proteinuria and demonstrates an interaction between these QTLs. Because the original <i>Rf-4</i> congenic region is 61.9 Mbp, it is necessary to reduce this interval to feasibly search for variants responsible for renal susceptibility in this region. Here, we generated a minimal congenic line (<i>Rf</i>-<i>1a+4_a</i>) to identify a 4.1-Mb region of the <i>Rf-4</i> QTL that significantly contributes to the severity of proteinuria in the Fawn-hooded hypertensive rat. <i>Rf-1a+4_a</i> animals have an increased glomerular permeability to albumin without significant changes in BP, indicating that at least one genetic element in this refined region directly affects renal function. Sequence analysis revealed no variants predicted to damage protein function, implying that regulatory elements are responsible for the <i>Rf-4</i> phenotype. Multiple human studies, including recent genome-wide association studies, link the homologous human region with susceptibility to renal disease, suggesting that this congenic line is an important model for studying pathways that contribute to the progression of kidney disease.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Colonic Interposition
Authors: MARK F. FISHER, JOSEPH P. LIPUMA, JOHN AGNONE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Detection of acute gastrointestinal bleeding by Tc-99m sulfur colloid scintigraphy is described. The advantages of scintigraphy in this clinical situation are discussed.
A 38-Year-Old Man With Extensor Surface Papules
Authors: Eric Melnychuk, Alexis Weymann Perlmutter, Eric Hossler
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Probiotics did not prevent antibiotic-associated or<i>C. difficile</i>diarrhea in hospitalized older patients
Authors: P.D. Ziakas, E. Mylonakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Allen SJ, Wareham K, Wang D, et al. A high-dose preparation of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the prevention of antibiotic-associated and Clostridium difficile diarrhoea in older people admitted to hospital: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel arm trial (PLACIDE). Health Technol Assess. 2013;17:1-140. 24309198
Lipids of the Serum and Connective Tissue of the Rat and Rabbit
Authors: NANCY L. NOBLE, ROBERT J. BOUCEK
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The lipicl profile of connective tissue, isolated from the rat and the rabbit, by the sponge-implantation technique, is presented. This tissue is rich in cholesterol, phospholipid, and neutral fat. Several sex, age, and species differences in the concentration of its lipids are reported. Simultaneous determination of serum lipids indicates that there is no significant correlation between the lipid values of the serum and connective tissue. The relationship of these findings in connective tissue, the chief constituent of the intima, to the problem of atherosclerosis is discussed.
Response of the Intact Canine Left Ventricle to Increased Afterload and Increased Coronary Perfusion Pressure in the Presence of Coronary Flow Autoregulation
Authors: Mohanraj K. Karunanithi, Jason A. Young, Wally Kalnins, Scott Kesteven, Michael P. Feneley
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Increased left ventricular (LV) contractile force or oxygen consumption has been documented with increased coronary arterial pressure (CAP) and flow (Gregg phenomenon). We investigated whether the increase in contractile force with increased LV afterload might be mediated by the concomitant increase in CAP when coronary autoregulation is intact. Methods and Results —The LV of 6 autonomically blocked open-chest dogs was perfused through the left main coronary artery by a cannula with a side gate to the aortic root. With the gate open, CAP increased from 77±20 to 93±20 mm Hg ( P &lt;0.05) with aortic constriction (AC). With the gate closed, CAP was maintained at a constant level of 100 mm Hg. A small reduction in the slope of the preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) relationship was observed with AC, but this response was not altered by the coronary perfusion gate position. The end-systolic pressure-volume (ESPV) relationship shifted upward significantly with AC ( P &lt;0.001), but this shift was not greater with open-gate perfusion than with closed-gate perfusion. Furthermore, with coronary autoregulation intact, wide changes in CAP (between 60 and 180 mm Hg, n=5) did not alter either the PRSW or ESPV relationship. In contrast, when autoregulation was abolished with intracoronary adenosine (n=6), both indexes of contractility increased progressively with increased CAP. Conclusions —The concomitant increase in CAP with increased afterload in the intact canine LV does not contribute to the afterload-induced increase in contractile force. Coronary perfusion pressure per se does not influence LV contractile function. Coronary perfusion pressure influences contractility only when coronary flow changes.
The HIV-Testing Policies of US Hospitals
Authors: Charles E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To determine the human immunodeficiency virus—testing policies adopted by US hospitals, we surveyed a stratified random sample of all nonfederal general acute care hospitals, drawn from the American Hospital Association's 1987 database. Interviews were completed with the chief administrator in 561 hospitals (response rate, 78.4%). Two thirds of hospitals have admitted at least one patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and over 83% have formal written policies about human immunodeficiency virus testing. Most contain provisions protecting patients' rights; eg, 78% require pretest informed consent, 66% require a special human immunodeficiency virus—testing consent form, and 75% require that patients who test seropositive be so informed. Many policies also contain provisions that protect providers; eg, 56% require that test results appear in patients' records, 38% require review of treatment plans when a patient tests seropositive, and 3% require transferring such patients. Hospital characteristics are not strongly associated with the adoption of testing policies. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2764-2767)
Drainage of an inaccessible main pancreatic duct via EUS-guided transgastric stenting through the minor papilla
Authors: F. Gleeson, M. Pelaez, B. Petersen, M. Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-assisted transgastric rendezvous procedures have been carried out in patients with obstructive chronic pancreatitis, occasionally inserting stents into the main pancreatic duct (MPD) to facilitate drainage [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. This is the first known report of duodenal stent placement via transgastric access.
Reducing Foot Wounds in Diabetes
Authors: Richard K. Bernstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The recent observation in this journal (1) that long-term survival after diabetic foot wounds remains poor reminds me of the urgency of wound avoidance. Unfortunately, the report did not disclose the primary causes or initiating events that led to foot ulcerations. One might want to seriously consider the following when contemplating the prevention of such injuries.

I have served for 29 years in the Peripheral Vascular Disease Clinic of a large metropolitan hospital. We have seen many diabetic patients who had already lost all or part of one leg and wanted …
HLA DQ Gene Dosage and Risk and Severity of Celiac Disease
Authors: Joseph A. Murray, S. Breanndan Moore, Carol T. van Dyke, Brian D. Lahr, Ross A. Dierkhising, Alan R. Zinsmeister, L. Joseph Melton, Cynthia M. Kroning, Mounif El–Yousseff, Albert J. Czaja
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Obliterating the Monuments
Authors: C. H. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> To one who has yet a pride in the achievements of American medicine and in the glory of its great names, it is painful to see pass out the educational monuments that kept in professional memory the great men of American medicine and memorialized them before the public. If medical colleges are to become only annexes of great literary and scientific endowed universities it is not necessary, nor is it kind, that the honored, worthy and great medical names they represent in many instances, and in others have borne, should be obliterated and lost to the rising generation and to posterity. The profession reveres the names yet and none need be ashamed of them though men who love them then wrought in or founded only two-year schools (may be), where such physics and biologic results only were taught as the students of medicine must needs then have
Regional changes in creatine kinase and myocyte size in hypertensive and nonhypertensive cardiac hypertrophy.
Authors: S H Smith, M F Kramer, I Reis, S P Bishop, J S Ingwall
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Several intracellular enzymes have been shown to have altered total activity or isoenzyme composition in cardiac hypertrophy. This study tests the hypothesis that the accumulation of the fetal-type (BB + MB) creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes in hypertrophied adult myocardium is related to an increase in blood pressure. Consideration was made for the location, size, and hemodynamic load of the myocytes. By using the two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) rat model of renal hypertension with and without hydralazine treatment, CK (total and isoenzyme), lactate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase activities and myocyte size were measured. An increased heart weight/body weight ratio occurred in both untreated 2K1C rats (4.15 +/- 0.09) and hydralazine-treated 2K1C rats (4.12 +/- 0.13) as compared with control rats (3.25 +/- 0.10). Blood pressure was high only in untreated 2K1C rats (196 +/- 9 mm Hg), as compared with hydralazine-treated 2K1C rats (142 +/- 6 mm Hg) and control rats (135 +/- 3 mm Hg). Myocytes were isolated from five ventricular regions: left ventricular epicardial and endocardial free wall, left and right halves of the interventricular septum, and right ventricular free wall. Regional differences in normal and hypertrophied myocardium were demonstrated for morphological and biochemical parameters, with the greatest changes occurring in left ventricular endocardium. The shift in CK isoenzyme expression toward accumulating more BB + MB was greater in "hypertensive hypertrophy" (untreated 2K1C rats) than in "nonhypertensive hypertrophy" (hydralazine-treated 2K1C rats). Calculations incorporating isolated myocyte volume showed that the cellular content of total CK remained the same during the hypertrophic process, accounting for a decrease in the tissue activity. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase activities suggests that hypertrophied myocardium has relatively higher glycolytic capacity and that this effect is exacerbated in the presence of high blood pressure. We conclude that increased blood pressure is more closely linked to the fetal CK isoenzyme shift than is hypertrophy alone.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY ABSCESS AND GANGRENE, WITH VIEW TO SURGICAL TREATMENT.
Authors: ROBERT H. BABCOCK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In dealing with the pulmonary diseases to be considered in this paper the surgeon is confronted with the following questions: 1. Is the affection in reality abscess or gangrene of the lung? 2. Can the focus be reached and should it be operated on? 3. Are the pleural surfaces overlying the affected part of the lung adherent? A correct answer to these queries requires fine diagnostic ability at all times, while it not infrequently baffles the diagnostician altogether. To answer the first query requires a differential diagnosis between abscess and gangrene on the one hand, and on the other, the differentiation of these from the following conditions: an abscess of some adjacent structure, as of the liver, that has ruptured into the lung; an encysted empyema; an echinococcus cyst of the lung; bronchiectasis; fetid bronchitis and pulmonary tuberculosis. I shall not deal with hepatic or other abscess perforating the lung;
Poor countries need to tackle the health brain drain
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

With the United Kingdom needing 10 000 more doctors, and with more than 7000 nurses from the Philippines alone currently registered in the United Kingdom, compared with just 52 in 1999, a new report says that the countries providing the workers, as well as those that hire them, need to look for solutions.

“Source countries must work on improving staff attraction and retention. Recipient countries should also try to get their own houses in order so they are not a permanent drain on health professionals from the South,” says a study in Health Policy (2004;70: 1-10).

In …