tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Left Ventricular Diastolic Function 6 Months After Nonsurgical Septal Reduction Therapy for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sherif F. Nagueh, Nasser M. Lakkis, Katherine J. Middleton, Donna Killip, William A. Zoghbi, Miguel A. Quiñones, William H. Spencer
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy (NSRT) decreases left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient and improves symptoms in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). NSRT effects on LV/left ventricular diastolic function are currently unknown. Methods and Results —HOCM patients (n=29) had Doppler echocardiography at baseline and 6 months after NSRT to evaluate changes in LV volume, pre–A-wave pressure, early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (Ea) by tissue Doppler, and τ. At 6 months, a significant reduction in LVOT gradient (from 53.6±15 to 6±5 mm Hg; P &lt;0.001) was accompanied by improvement in exercise duration (from 284±147 to 408±178 seconds; P =0.04) and New York Health Association class (from III to I; P &lt;0.001). Pre-A pressure (18±6 to 14±5 mm Hg; P &lt;0.01) and τ (62±8 to 51±8 ms; P &lt;0.01) decreased, whereas Ea (5.8±1.8 to 8±1.8 cml/s; P &lt;0.01) and LV end-diastolic volume (117±16 to 130±22 mL; P &lt;0.01) increased. Conclusions —NSRT improves LV relaxation and compliance, which contributes to the symptomatic relief seen at 6 months.
Associations between Radiocurability and Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Human Tumor Xenografts without Hypoxic Tissue
Authors: Einar K. Rofstad, Else-Beate M. Ruud, Berit Mathiesen, Kanthi Galappathi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

The interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) of the primary tumor is an independent prognostic parameter for cervical cancer patients treated with radiation therapy. The aim of this preclinical study was to investigate whether tumor radiocurability may be associated with IFP through hypoxia-independent mechanisms.Small A-07 and R-18 melanoma xenografts without hypoxic tissue were used as preclinical tumor models. IFP was measured by using the wick-in-needle method. Radiation dose resulting in 50% local tumor control (TCD(50)), cell density, cell tumorigenicity, plating efficiency in vitro, mitotic index, fraction of Ki67-positive cells, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) concentration, and radiation-induced endothelial cell apoptosis were assessed in tumors with low and high IFP.TCD(50) was found to be higher for tumors with high IFP than for tumors with low IFP by factors of 1.13 +/- 0.03 (A-07; P < 0.0001) and 1.10 +/- 0.03 (R-18; P < 0.0001). In the A-07 line, tumors with high IFP showed a larger number of clonogenic cells and a higher rate of cell proliferation than tumors with low IFP. In the R-18 line, tumors with high IFP showed a higher concentration of VEGF-A and a lower endothelial cell apoptotic index after irradiation than tumors with low IFP.The radiation resistance of normoxic tumor tissue with highly elevated IFP may be an indirect consequence of increased tumor cell clonogenicity as well as increased VEGF-A expression, possibly caused by hypertension-induced modifications of signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation, cell survival, and/or angiogenesis.
Steatosis and liver cell apoptosis in chronic hepatitis C: A mechanism for increased liver injury
Authors: Meagan J. Walsh, Daina M. Vanags, Andrew D. Clouston, Michelle M. Richardson, David M. Purdie, Julie R. Jonsson, Elizabeth E. Powell
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Steatosis is increasingly recognized as a cofactor influencing the progression of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C; however, the mechanisms by which it contributes to liver injury remain uncertain. We studied 125 patients with chronic hepatitis C to assess the effect of steatosis on liver cell apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x L , Bax, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and the relationship between liver cell apoptosis and disease severity. A significant increase in liver cell apoptosis was seen in liver sections with increasing grade of steatosis ( r = 0.42; P &lt; .0001). Hepatic steatosis and previous heavy alcohol consumption were the only two variables independently associated with the apoptotic index. Increasing steatosis was associated with decreased Bcl-2 mRNA levels and an increase in the proapoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 ratio ( r = −0.32, P = .007; and r = 0.27, P = .02, respectively). In the absence of steatosis, increased liver cell apoptosis was not associated with stellate cell activation or fibrosis ( r = 0.26, P = .11; r = 0.06, P = .71, respectively). In contrast, in the presence of steatosis, increasing apoptosis was associated with activation of stellate cells and increased stage of fibrosis ( r = 0.35, P = .047; r = 0.33, P = .03, respectively), supporting the premise that the steatotic liver is more vulnerable to liver injury. In patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3, there was a significant correlation between TNF-α mRNA levels and active caspase-3 ( r = 0.54, P = .007). In conclusion, these observations suggest a mechanism whereby steatosis contributes to the progression of liver injury in chronic hepatitis C. Further investigation will be required to determine the molecular pathways responsible for the proapoptotic effect of steatosis and whether this increase in apoptosis contributes directly to fibrogenesis. (Hepatology 2004.39:1230-1238.)
Transient myocardial dysfunction during pharmacologic vasodilation as an index of reduced coronary reserve: A coronary hemodynamic and echocardiographic study
Authors: Eugenio Picano, Ignazio Simonetti, Michele Masini, Mario Marzilli, Fabio Lattanzi, Alessandro Distante, Maurizio De Nes, Antonio L’Abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
NPI-0052, a novel proteasome inhibitor, induces caspase-8 and ROS-dependent apoptosis alone and in combination with HDAC inhibitors in leukemia cells
Authors: Claudia P. Miller, Kechen Ban, Melanie E. Dujka, David J. McConkey, Mark Munsell, Michael Palladino, Joya Chandra
Journal: Blood (2007)
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome Gallium-67 Imaging
Authors: DONALD W. TREPASHKO, MICHAEL J. GELFAND, CYNTHIA C. PAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Congenital nephrotic syndrome is a rare disorder. Heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema occur during the first 3 months of life. Initial cases were reported from Finland and sporadic cases have occurred elsewhere. Finnish cases demonstrated an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern; currently, Finnish and non-Finnish types are recognized. The clinical course consists of failure to thrive, frequent infections, declining renal function, and early death by age 4 years from sepsis or uremia. Recently renal transplantation has improved the prognosis of patients with this disease. An abnormal Ga-67 scan in a case of congenital nephrotic syndrome is presented.
Sodium cromoglycate in nocturnal asthma.
Authors: A D Morgan, J J Connaughton, J R Catterall, C M Shapiro, N J Douglas, D C Flenley
Journal: Thorax (1986)

To investigate whether mast cell degranulation was important in producing nocturnal asthma, the effect of a single high dose of nebulised sodium cromoglycate on overnight bronchoconstriction, oxygen saturation, and breathing patterns in eight patients with nocturnal wheeze was examined. The study took the form of a double blind placebo controlled crossover comparison. Treatment with cromoglycate did not reduce the overnight fall in FEV1 or FVC, although it was associated with improved nocturnal oxygenation. This study suggests that mast cell degranulation may not be important in the pathogenesis of nocturnal asthma.
Late Effects of Postradiation Cystitis Noted on Renal Dynamic Study
Authors: NAZLI ERBAY, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

A dynamic renal study revealed an immediate blush in the bladder region. This was not uterine related (previous hysterectomy). The outline of the site did not change with time as bladder filling progressed. The effect was due to a bladder relatively fixed in shape from the late effects of radiation, with probable continued vascular abnormalities within its walls.
PEEP-induced changes in lung volume in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two methods to estimate alveolar recruitment
Authors: J. Dellamonica, N. Lerolle, C. Sargentini, G. Beduneau, F. Di Marco, A. Mercat, J. C. M. Richard, J. L. Diehl, J. Mancebo, J. J. Rouby, Q. Lu, G. Bernardin, L. Brochard
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
THE CRITERIA OF THE WASSERMANN REACTION
Authors: Joseph A. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In my opinion, based on the study of syphilis from the histologic, bacteriologic and clinical points of view, the postmortem appearances, interpreted as being evidence of syphilis are the least valuable as proof and often actually misleading, contrary to the view expressed by Symmers and Darlington (Symmers, Douglaas, and Darlington, C. G.: The Value of the Wassermann Reaction,The Journal, Feb. 2, 1918, p. 279). Syphilis is an anatomic disease, but the postmortem anatomic changes are often better regarded as the results of a disease, of a process which has come to an end before the death of the individual, rather than as the disease itself; hence the fallacy of correlating the results of a reaction, which necessarily depends on the active disease process, with terminal fibroid changes. The Wassermann reaction presupposes that there are certain substances in one or both of two body fluids, the presence
A Chromosomal Theory of Carcinogenesis
Authors: JEAN DE GROUCHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Chromosome rearrangements that have been described in malignant processes are structural and numerical. Structural rearrangements produce marker chromosomes. The most remarkable instance is the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1) present in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Other markers are known, but their specificity is not yet well established. Numerical changes may lead to complete karyotype upheaval. Yet, in favorable conditions—mostly during acute exacerbation of chronic myelogenous leukemia—numerical changes can be shown to represent systematic karyotypic evolutions. These clonal evolutions proceed according to certain patterns, and seven models have been proposed, depending on their degree of complexity. The mechanisms involved are acquisition and duplication of extra chromosomes, loss of chromosomes, acquisition of marker chromosomes, or a combination of different mechanisms. A general theory is discussed. Chromosome rearrangements would be the common pathway by which carcinogenic factors induce malignancy, with these factors being external: ionizing radiations, oncogenic viruses, carcinogenic chemicals, or internal, namely genetic diseases, gene mutations, immunological phenomena, and chromosome interaction.
Diet, Growth, and the Risk for Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood
Authors: Austė Pundziūtė-Lyckå, Lars-Åke Persson, Gunilla Cedermark, Agneta Jansson-Roth, Ulla Nilsson, Vera Westin, Gisela Dahlquist
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE— To study the association between type 1 diabetes risk and previous intake of energy, accounting for body size and previous intake of nutrients and foods, accounting for the energy intake. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted an incident population-based case-referent study in Stockholm, Sweden, including 99 of 100 eligible 7- to 14-year-old diabetic children and 180 of 200 age-, sex-, and area-matched referent children identified through the Swedish population register. Average daily energy and nutrient intake 1 year before diabetes diagnosis/interview was estimated using the food frequency questionnaire with assessment of consumed food amounts. Mean SD scores of growth measurements taken during the last 4 years before the diagnosis were used. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS—Average intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein was significantly higher among the case subjects as well as mean weight-for-age SD score. Higher energy intake and weight-for-age were both associated with increased diabetes risk after adjustment for each other: OR (95% CI) for medium and high levels of energy intake were 1.33 (0.52–3.42) and 5.23 (1.67–16.38), respectively, and for weight-for-age were 3.20 (1.30–7.88) and 3.09 (1.16–8.22), respectively. High intake of carbohydrates, especially disaccharides and sucrose, increased diabetes risk. CONCLUSIONS— Higher energy intake and larger body size were independently associated with increased diabetes risk. Of the different nutrients, higher intake of carbohydrates, particularly disaccharides and sucrose, increased the risk. Lifestyle habits leading to higher energy intake and more rapid growth in childhood may contribute to the increase of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes by different mechanisms.
Assessment of postgraduate medical education. A report to the Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust.
Authors: D. H. Patey, O. F. Davies, J. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Conclusion'with the regional university.The immediate primary objective was to promote an educational atmosphere in the basic local hospital unit; to this end a consultant should be appointed by ,a fully representative and powerful regional committee as the "clinical tutor" responsible for the organization of teaching *arrangements and the general care of those under training.At
A Regional Orthopaedic and Accident Service
Authors: G. R. Girdlestone
Journal: BMJ (1949)

A few months ago this Journal (Oct. 23, 1948, p. 751) approved a short publication of mine on the organization of a Regional Orthopaedic and Accident Service within the National Health Service, and asked for further information. I am now trying to answer the* questions ; but as that article was written a year ago, when we knew very little about regional machinery, it is best to include a brief general review.
URINARY CALCULI IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD
Authors: MEREDITH F. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Because persistent pyuria is the outstanding symptom when urinary stone is present in infants and children, chronic pyelitis is the usual diagnosis; the time honored urinary antiseptics are administered; the disease progresses. While it has been my good fortune to collect for study from one institution a series of thirty juvenile cases of urinary calculi, my purpose here is not only to present a clinical summary of this group but also and more particularly to emphasize that (1) chronic pyuria rarely means uncomplicated renal infection, and (2) pyuria that still persists after four weeks of intensive medical treatment clearly warrants a complete urologic examination. Failure to subject patients with chronic pyuria to complete urologic examination (or even to a plain roentgenogram of the urinary tract) accounts for the rarity with which, in the past, urinary stones have been disclosed during the early years of life.  INCIDENCE AND ETIOLOGY  The incidence
Acute Bronchitis--Aetiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: G. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Acute bronchitis is an acute inflammation of the larger air passages, including the trachea and the large-and medium-sized bronchi.The smaller bronchi and bronchioles may also, however, be involved on occasion, with the development of areas of lobular atelectasis leading to patches of alveolitis.Thus the dividing line between an acute bronchitis affecting the main bronchi only and a pneumonitis involving the small peripheral airways is sometimes very tenuous. Predisposing FactorsAcute bronchitis may occur at any time of the year, but it is especially common in the winter months, when cold, damp, foggy weather and minor epidemics of febrile catarrh prevail and seem particularly to predispose towards its development.It is especially common in the very young and the very old, when it is frequently a more serious condition than at other ages.Chronic debilitating illnesses-notably chronic cardio- renal disease and chronic pulmonary disorders-are conditions which often permit of the ready development of an associated bronchitis.Likewise dusty occupations, a smoky environment, and perhaps heavy cigarette-smoking may also predispose to an acute attack, as does the presence of a septic focus in the upper respiratory tract; but above all some people seem to have an especial constitutional liability towards the development of recurrent attacks of acute bronchitis, and in these persons there is usually a family history of bronchitis, respiratory tract catarrh, or general " chestiness."
Theory of mind and the “somatic marker mechanism” (SMM)
Authors: Bruce G. Charlton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The “somatic marker mechanism” (SMM; Damasio 1994) is proposed as the cognitive and neural basis of the theory of mind mechanism. The SMM evolved for evaluating the intentions, dispositions, and relationships of conspecifics; hence, it is adaptive in the social domain. It is predicted that chimpanzees will indeed have theory of mind (ToM) ability, but that this will be socially domain-specific. Domain- general ToM will be found only in primates with abstract, symbolic language (adult humans). Putative ToM tests require revision in the light of these distinctions.
Right Heart Function Prediction of Outcome in Heart Failure Patients After Catheter Ablation for Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Amaar Ujeyl, Keiichi Inada, Katja Hillmann, Peter Wohlmuth, Mahoto Kato, Usha Tedrow, Lynne W Stevenson, William G Stevenson
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Macroamylasemia — Survey of Prevalence in a Mixed Population
Authors: Diana Barrows, J. Edward Berk, Louis Fridhandler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IDENTIFICATION of macroamylasemia1 has up to now been confined to patients with hyperamylasemia. The possibility that macroamylasemia exists in asymptomatic subjects and in persons with normal serum amylase levels has not been explored. This report represents the results of a limited survey of a varied population using a simple chromatographic method that permits macroamylasemia to be identified even though total serum amylase activity is within normal limits.2 MaterialSerum samples were obtained from 891 persons. Group 1 consisted of 440 patients with a variety of disorders. The vast majority were adults (212 men and 221 women) ranging in age from . . .
P128Ellagic acid reduces L-type Ca2+ current and induces negative inotropy through NO-GC-cGMP pathway in rat ventricular myocytes
Authors: S Ozdemir, Y Olgar, N Ozturk, C Usta, PE Puddu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Recent evidences have shown that phenolic structures can exert many biological functions. Ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic compound, has been suggested to have cardioprotective effects. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of EA on cardiac Ca2+ currents and contractility in rat ventricular myocytes and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes.
Changes in the prevalence of HBeAg-negative mutant hepatitis B virus during the course of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Keisuke Hamasaki, Keisuke Nakata, Yuji Nagayama, Akira Ohtsuru, Manabu Daikoku, Kenji Taniguchi, Takuya Tsutsumi, Yoshiaki Sato, Yuji Kato, Shigenobu Nagataki
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Hepatitis B virus with a G-to-A point mutation at nucleotide 83 in the precore region (mutant hepatitis B virus 83), which cannot produce HBeAg, is commonly found in HBe antibody-positive hepatitis B virus carriers. We analyzed the consecutive changes in the prevalence of mutant hepatitis B virus 83 during the course of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Forty-five patients with chronic hepatitis B who were followed up for more than 2 yr in our hospital were studied by polymerase chain reaction in combination with a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Mutant hepatitis B virus 83 was found in 14 of 18 (78%) HBe antibody-positive patients and in 8 of 27 (30%) HBeAg-positive patients at baseline. Eighteen of the 22 patients who had mutant hepatitis B virus 83 (82%) showed mixed viral populations of wild-type hepatitis B virus and mutant hepatitis B virus 83, whereas 4 (18%) had only mutant hepatitis B virus 83 and were positive for HBe antibody. During a 2 yr follow-up period, mutant hepatitis B virus 83 was newly detected in 9 of 23 (39%) patients who had wild-type hepatitis B virus alone at baseline. The proportion of mutant hepatitis B virus 83 to whole hepatitis B virus in the serum of 18 patients with mixed viral populations at baseline fluctuated during follow-up. In contrast, wild-type hepatitis B virus was never detected throughout the study in all four patients who had only mutant hepatitis B virus 83 at baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kenyan doctors vow to press government for better health services
Authors: N. Baraza
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors in Kenya have pledged to keep up the pressure on the government to improve their working conditions and the provision of medical services in the country after they called off their strike following a deal between their union and the health ministry.

The one and half week long strike ended on 15 December after the government agreed to pay doctors up to an extra £380 (€460; $590) a month, depending on seniority and where they worked. The monthly starting salary for a junior doctor will rise from £420 to £580. 

The government also promised to set …
Distribution of myosin isozymes within single cardiac cells. An immunohistochemical study.
Authors: J L Samuel, L Rappaport, J J Mercadier, A M Lompre, S Sartore, C Triban, S Schiaffino, K Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Isozymes of myosin have been localized with respect to individual cardiac myocytes in hearts from 3-week-old, adult controls, and adult hypophysectomized rats, and in cultured cardiac cells. For this purpose, affinity-purified antibodies reacting specifically with the heavy chains of each of the two major myosin isozymes of adult rat heart, V1 and V3, were used. The distribution of the two isomyosins was determined by double immuno-labeling of the same cell, V1 myosins being revealed by rhodamine and V3 myosins by fluorescein. A procedure is described which allows optimum immunological visualization of the myosin filaments of rod-shaped isolated myocytes. It was found that the response of the cardiac cells to the two antimyosins varied depending on the state of the animal. In 3-week-old rats, all cells were stained with the anti-V1, and almost none with the anti-V3 myosin. In the hypophysectomized animals, on the contrary, all cells were stained with the anti-V3 and none with the anti-V1. A mixed pattern of reactivity was observed in adult controls since 50% of the cells reacted with the anti-V1, 10% with the anti-V3, and 40% with both antibodies. In the latter case, the distributions of V1 and V3 reactivities were homogeneous throughout the cell, and absolutely superimposable. The same double reactivity and homogeneous repartition were observed in cultured cells. These findings indicate that myocytes from adult rat myocardium are heterogeneous in terms of their isomyosins content and show for the first time that two isomyosins can coexist and be equally distributed in one cardiac cell. These observations are relevant to the regulation of individual heart cell contractility.
Macdonald Arthur Charrett
Authors: P. Charrett
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former medical officer Slough and district community physician South Buckinghamshire (b 1914; q St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, 1939; DPH, MFCM), d 18 January 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Mac enlisted in the Royal Air Force, rising to the rank of squadron leader. In 1942 he was sent to the Middle East, where one tour of duty was to run a hospital housed in a cave formed by the building of the Pyramids. Back in the United Kingdom he became assistant deputy medical officer for Weston-super-Mare, and in 1950 moved to Slough as the medical officer of health, later holding a similar position in South Bucks until his retirement in 1976. Mac was elected president of the Society of Medical Officers of Health in 1972. He leaves a wife, Gill; two sons; and five grandchildren.