tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When I use a word . . .: The last word
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Sometimes short words are the most interesting. Like the definite and indefinite articles, “the” and “a(n)” (see also BMJ 1999;318:1758 and 2000;321:953). Not for nothing does the Oxford English Dictionary devote four pages to the different forms and meanings of “the.”

When President Kennedy visited Berlin in June 1963 he made a famous speech in which he proclaimed that “All free men, wherever they may be, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words ‘Ich bin ein Berliner.’” Now had he been in Hamburg and announced that he was a Hamburger, he would have immediately caused some amusement. But, at home at least, the fact that he had announced himself to be a doughnut (ein Berliner) went virtually unnoticed. And although his version was not an appalling solecism, “Ich bin Berliner” (without the definite article) would have been better.

Nowadays politicians take greater care over their definite articles. As I have previously pointed out (BMJ 2000;320:1480), “the” is used by modern spin doctors to give verisimilitude to non-existent entities. For instance, when Tony Blair talks about “the international community,” he is trying to persuade us to believe that there is such a thing.

Politicians also sometimes talk about the psychological moment, meaning the time at which something is best done. When they do so they fail to realise that the phrase originally meant something completely different. It came from the German, das psychologische Moment, the psychological momentum. The psychological moment would have been der Moment, not das. French journalists were to blame. According to Fowler in Modern English Usage (1926) and Burchfield in The New Fowler's Modern English Usage (1996) they translated it during the German siege of Paris in 1870 as “le moment psychologique.” Unfortunately, in French, as in English, moment means only moment and not also momentum.

Another journalist, Mary McCarthy, showed how much damage the definite article could wreak in a scathing comment about Lilian Hellman, for which Hellman sued for $2m (dying before judgment was passed). “Every word [Hellman] writes,” said McCarthy, “is a lie, including ‘and’ and ‘the.’”

But perhaps the (literally) last word should be left to James Joyce. He ended Ulysses with “the least forceful word I could possibly find . . . the word ‘yes,’ which is barely pronounced, which denotes acquiescence, self abandon, relaxation, the end of all resistance.” For Finnegans Wake he searched harder: “This time, I have found the word which is the most slippery, the least accented, the weakest word in English, a word which is not even a word, which is scarcely sounded between the teeth, a breath, a nothing, the article the.”
Characterization of platelets from normal mink and mink with the Chediak‐Higashi syndrome
Authors: K. M. Meyers, H. Holmsen, C. L. Seachord, G. Hopkins, J. Gorham
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Bleeding times of mink with the Chediak‐Higashi (CH) syndrome was markedly prolonged. Platelet counts were normal but there was an impaired platelet aggregation response to collagen. The metabolic adenine nucleotide pool of platelets from normal and CH mink was labeled with 14 C‐adenine and the platelets were gel‐filtered. Gel‐filtered platelets (GFP) from CH mink contained only 37.9% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 9.6% of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) found in normal platelets and the ATP/ADP ratio was similar to the 14 C‐ATP/ 14 C‐ADP ratio. Platelet content of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and in particular 5‐hydroxytryptamine was decreased. When GFP were incubated with thrombin to induce maximal secretion, only negligible amounts of ATP and ADP were released. The specific activity of the extracellular nucleotides approximated that within the platelet. These findings suggest that the stored nucleotide pool in CH platelets is virtually absent and that the abnormalities in platelet function may be due, in part, to the essential absence of secretable ADP and serotonin. The release of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ by CH platelets was 56% and 27.8% of normal, respectively.
Notch controls generation and function of human effector CD8+ T cells
Authors: Loes M. Kuijk, Marleen I. Verstege, Niels V. Rekers, Sven C. Bruijns, Erik Hooijberg, Bart O. Roep, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Yvette van Kooyk, Wendy W. J. Unger
Journal: Blood (2013)
Significant association of FcɛRIα promoter polymorphisms with aspirin-intolerant chronic urticaria
Authors: Jin-Sik Bae, Seung-Hyun Kim, Young-Min Ye, Ho Joo Yoon, Chang-Hee Suh, Dong-Ho Nahm, Hae-Sim Park
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Radiation Therapy for Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
Authors: Martin Hochhauser
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the article on hypertrophic osteoarthropathy with interest (236:191, 1976). It is not an uncommon problem and presents itself exactly as described in the article. The last paragraph, however, states that therapy and reversal of the symptoms can be accomplished by thoracotomy and vagotomy. Radiation therapy of about 4,500 rads is another modality for reversal of the symptoms, but mention of this, unfortunately, was omitted. There are occasions when three or four tumors are present in both lungs and are not amenable to therapy by the surgical route. Supervoltage radiation therapy, however, can afford a dramatic reversal of the symptoms and prolonged palliation, with a minimum of morbidity.
Improving Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Philip Greenland
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Buttocks and Unnatural Selection
Authors: Jackson A. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> This is a rebuttal to a "special" yet not very special contribution, originally called "The Buttocks and Natural Selection" (<b>198</b>:51, 1966), in which may be discovered some scientific validities: "The projection called the buttocks or rump, in man, is largely due to... the gluteus maximus." (Astounding!) "Monkeys sleep in trees." (Possibly to avoid articles such as this.) Additionally I learned that monkeys and apes (and perhaps psychologists) develop ischial callosities from doing a great deal of sleeping in the sitting posture. The most discouraging finding was that, after more than four attentive decades, the buttocks are unimportant in sexual selection. This will rip the bottom out of the stretch pants business. The asexual nature of the derrière is confirmed by "most authorities." Of the authorities cited, one (or 50%) is the author himself. As in all good fiction the suspense builds up to a climax in
Genetic Variants Associated with Asthma and Related Phenotypes are Also Risk Factors for Food Allergy
Authors: C. Vergara, N. Rafaels, L. Gao, C. Foster, M. Campbell, J. Potee, R. Lewis, T.H. Beaty, S. Jones, A.W. Burks, S. Sicherer, R.A. Wood, D. Stablein, L.A. Beck, H.A. Sampson, A.H. Liu, D.Y. Leung, R.A. Mathias, K.C. Barnes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Mismatch of left ventricular function and infarct size demonstrated by technetium-99m isonitrile imaging after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Identification of myocardial stunning and hyperkinesia
Authors: Timothy F. Christian, Thomas Behrenbeck, Patricia A. Pellikka, Kenneth C. Huber, James H. Chesebro, Raymond J. Gibbons
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
ON THE CANCER-PRODUCING FACTOR IN TAR
Authors: E. L. Kennaway
Journal: BMJ (1924)

Background  The closed-loop stimulation (CLS) pacemaker algorithm is a system that permanently monitors the contractile state of the myocardium and converts the intrinsic information into rate regulation. The role that the CLS algorithm plays in the prevention of syncope recurrences still remains unclear. The aim of our prospective, randomised, single-blind, crossover study was to evaluate the effect of dual-chamber CLS in the prevention of syncope recurrence in patients with refractory vasovagal syncope (VVS) and a cardioinhibitory response to head-up tilt test (HUT) during a 36 months follow-up.  Method sand results  We studied 50 patients (mean age 53±5.1; 33 male) with the indication for permanent dual-chamber cardiac pacing for HUT-induced vasovagal cardioinhibitory syncope. They were randomised after 1 month of stabilisation period to CLS algorithm features programmed OFF or ON for 18 months each, using a crossover design. The number of syncopal and presyncopal episodes during active treatment was lower than those registered during no treatment (n syncopal episodes: 2 vs 15; p=0.007; n presincopal episodes: 5 vs 30; p = 0.004). Lead parameters remained stable over time, and there were no lead-related complications.  Conclusions  Based on these 36 months follow-up data, it is concluded that dual-chamber CLS is an effective algorithm for preventing syncope recurrences in healthy patients with tilt-induced vasovagal cardioinhibitory syncope.
Secretory pancreatic stone protein messenger RNA. Nucleotide sequence and expression in chronic calcifying pancreatitis.
Authors: D Giorgi, J P Bernard, S Rouquier, J Iovanna, H Sarles, J C Dagorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The pancreatic stone protein and its secretory form (PSP-S) are inhibitors of CaCO3 crystal growth, possibly involved in the stabilization of pancreatic juice. We have established the structure of PSP-S mRNA and monitored its expression in chronic calcifying pancreatitis (CCP). A cDNA encoding pre-PSP-S has been cloned from a human pancreatic cDNA library. Its nucleotide sequence revealed that it comprised all but the 5' end of PSP-S mRNA, which was obtained by sequencing the first exon of the PSP-S gene. The complete mRNA sequence is 775 nucleotides long, including 5'- and 3'- noncoding regions of 80 and 197 nucleotides, respectively, attached to a poly(A) tail of approximately 125 nucleotides. It encodes a preprotein of 166 amino acids, including a prepeptide of 22 amino acids. No overall sequence homology was found between PSP-S and other pancreatic proteins. Some homology with several serine proteases was observed in the COOH-terminal region, however. The mRNA levels of PSP-S, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, and colipase in CCP and control pancreas were compared. PSP-S mRNA was three times lower in CCP than in control, whereas the others were not altered. It was concluded that PSP-S gene expression is specifically reduced in CCP patients.
Poor Glycemic Control Is Related to Increased Nitric Oxide Activity Within the Renal Circulation of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Markus P. Schneider, Christian Ott, Stephanie Schmidt, Iris Kistner, Stefanie Friedrich, Roland E. Schmieder
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Experimental studies have shown that glucose releases endothelial nitric oxide (NO) and that NO contributes to renal hyperperfusion in models of diabetes. To examine whether this translates into the human condition, we studied the relationship between glycemic control and renal NO activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.A total of 113 patients with type 2 diabetes and a wide range of HbA1c concentrations were included. Renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined by constant infusion input clearance. Functional NO activity in the renal circulation was determined as change of RPF to infusion of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (4.25 mg/kg). As additional markers, we measured urinary excretion of NO (UNOx) and L-arginine-to-asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio in plasma.Subjects within the highest tertile of HbA1c concentration had increased RPF (low, medium, and high tertiles 576 ± 17 vs. 585 ± 22 vs. 627 ± 33 mL/min/m(2), P = 0.05 by one-way ANOVA), while GFR was similar across tertiles. The response of RPF to NOS blockade was augmented in subjects with higher HbA1c levels (-55 ± 7 vs. -64 ± 8 vs. -86 ± 8 mL/min, P = 0.04 by one-way ANOVA). Further, L-arginine-to-ADMA ratio and UNOx were increased in subjects with higher HbA1c levels.In line with experimental evidence, we could demonstrate in humans that poor glycemic control is related to higher NO activity and hyperperfusion of the kidney. The renal NO system may thus be a novel therapeutic target for improving renal hemodynamics in patients with diabetes.
Stem cell factor mRNA expression and production in human nasal epithelial cells: Contribution to the accumulation of mast cells in the nasal epithelium of allergy☆☆☆★★★♢
Authors: Hirokuni Otsuka, Taeko Kusumi, Shozo Kanai, Mamoru Koyama, Yoko Kuno, Ryuta Takizawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Diastolic Spontaneous Calcium Release From the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Increases Beat-to-Beat Variability of Repolarization in Canine Ventricular Myocytes After β-Adrenergic Stimulation
Authors: Daniel M. Johnson, Jordi Heijman, Elizabeth F. Bode, David J. Greensmith, Henk van der Linde, Najah Abi-Gerges, David A. Eisner, Andrew W. Trafford, Paul G.A. Volders
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: Spontaneous Ca 2+ release (SCR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum can cause delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity, contributing to arrhythmogenesis during β-adrenergic stimulation. Excessive beat-to-beat variability of repolarization duration (BVR) is a proarrhythmic marker. Previous research has shown that BVR is increased during intense β-adrenergic stimulation, leading to SCR. Objective: We aimed to determine ionic mechanisms controlling BVR under these conditions. Methods and Results: Membrane potentials and cell shortening or Ca 2+ transients were recorded from isolated canine left ventricular myocytes in the presence of isoproterenol. Action-potential (AP) durations after delayed afterdepolarizations were significantly prolonged. Addition of slowly activating delayed rectifier K + current (I Ks ) blockade led to further AP prolongation after SCR, and this strongly correlated with exaggerated BVR. Suppressing SCR via inhibition of ryanodine receptors, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibition, or by using Mg 2+ or flecainide eliminated delayed afterdepolarizations and decreased BVR independent of effects on AP duration. Computational analyses and voltage-clamp experiments measuring L-type Ca 2+ current (I CaL ) with and without previous SCR indicated that I CaL was increased during Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release after SCR, and this contributes to AP prolongation. Prolongation of QT, T peak -T end intervals, and left ventricular monophasic AP duration of beats after aftercontractions occurred before torsades de pointes in an in vivo dog model of drug-induced long-QT1 syndrome. Conclusions: SCR contributes to increased BVR by interspersed prolongation of AP duration, which is exacerbated during I Ks blockade. Attenuation of Ca 2+ -induced Ca 2+ release by SCR underlies AP prolongation via increased I CaL. These data provide novel insights into arrhythmogenic mechanisms during β-adrenergic stimulation besides triggered activity and illustrate the importance of I Ks function in preventing excessive BVR.
The Death of an Infant: A Psychiatric Study
Authors: Grete L. Bibring
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Early childhood development has for a long time attracted our interest, partly because of the importance that we ascribe to it and partly because it is accessible to direct clinical observations. H. Bakwin's "Loneliness in Infants",1 René Spitz's studies in a foundling home on the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood,2 , 3 Loretta Bender's observation on the disturbed orphans at Bellevue Hospital4 and the experiments of Harry F. Harlow and Margaret Harlow5 with rhesus monkeys that grow up with dummy mothers instead of life mothers, as well as the work of many other authors, point out the danger of severe . . .
Treatment of Non-malignant Uterine Haemorrhage
Authors: B. M. Willmott
Journal: BMJ (1938)

TDfLBRITI 1037 dose of radiation which would destroy the mature Graafian follicles but would not be sufficient to damage the undeveloped follicles; so that menstruation would become established after a period of amenorrhoea lasting for some months, and there would be a possibility of future pregnancy.Phillips has tabulated the records of 165 patients, in 128 (77.5 per cent.) of whom normal menstruation was restored.These were mostly adolescents and young women under the age of 25.The treatment was by radium in every instance, and a small dose averaging under 500 mg.-hours was given.It would appear that this treatment is still in the experimental stage, and that the dosage cannot yet be expressed numerically with accuracy.The question as to the liability to subsequent normal pregnancy is even less clearly defined.Corscaden, Kasabach, and Lenz (1938) record sixty-nine further cases which received a substerilizing dose of radium or x rays for menorrhagia, fibroids, or dysmenorrhoea.Eleven pregnancies occurred among six women in this series: five patients aborted ; four children lived beyond infancy, and two died at the age of 6 weeks and 6 months.This is only a small series, and the larger numbers of Murphy and Goldstein (1929) and of Miller et al. (1936) indicate that preconceptional irradiation should have no harmful effect on subsequent pregnancies, and that certainly it does not cause any increase in the percentage of abnormal children and monsters.It may be thought that the four surviving children in Corscaden's series are sufficient indication that this method of treatment is of value; it is obviously much to be pre- ferred to the alternative of hysterectomy in those cases of severe bleeding which sometimes occur at puberty.It should only be used, however, when all else has been tried, and patients should be warned of the possibility of perma- nent menopause which may result (with the present state of our knowledge) in a certain proportion, especially of those aged 30 and over.Further, if one accepts the action of radium as being mainly on the ovary-and it appears that this is the only way that the greater difficulty in sterilizing young women can be explained-it would seem advisable to use x rays rather than radium: the dose to the ovaries can be assessed with greater accuracy and there is less damage to the endo- metrium, with consequently a greater chance that an impregnated ovum can be retained.
Editorial Responsibility for Medical Advertisements
Authors: Joseph Garland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

DESPITE the distances that separate us and the varying points of view that we may occasionally entertain, it is obvious that a number of problems are common to all. Not the least of these is our editorial responsibility for the character and quality of the advertisements that our journals accept and that are so vital to their prosperity. This problem has given rise to a growing concern because of the tremendous expansion of the pharmaceutical industry in recent years and its resulting pressures, and because of an increasingly uncomfortable awareness of our own ethical obligations in the matter.This impressive . . .
Hutchinson and Nettleship, nettlerash and albinism
Authors: W.A. Branford
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

With specialization still in its infancy, Victorian surgeons were often concerned with the diagnosis and care of skin disorders. The careers of three London surgeons from successive generations, Sir James Paget, Sir Jonathan Hutchinson and Edward Nettleship are discussed with emphasis on their mutual influence and contributions to dermatology. Nettleship's original description of urticaria pigmentosa and his research into the inheritance of albinism are reviewed in more detail.
Ozone responsiveness in smokers and nonsmokers.
Authors: M W Frampton, P E Morrow, A Torres, C Cox, K Z Voter, M J Utell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Short-term exposure to ozone causes decrements in lung function, but predictors of responsiveness remain largely unknown. Ninety healthy volunteers (56 never-smokers, age [mean +/- SD] 25 +/- 4 yr; 34 current smokers, 13 +/- 9 pack-yr, age 28 +/- 1 yr) were exposed to 0.22 ppm ozone for 4 h, with exercise, in an environmental chamber. We measured spirometry and specific airway conductance before, during, and immediately after exposure, and assessed symptoms by questionnaire. Smokers experienced a smaller increase in respiratory symptoms following exposure to ozone than did nonsmokers. Decrements in FEV1 were significantly less than for smokers than for nonsmokers (p = 0.0013). Ozone responsiveness (> 15% fall in FEV1) occurred in 16 of 56 never-smokers (28.6%) and 4 of 34 smokers (11.8%). Multiple logistic regression analysis found pack-yr of smoking to be associated with decreased ozone responsiveness (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, p = 0.017). Age, gender, and methacholine responsiveness were not predictive of responder status. Fourteen smokers and 25 nonsmokers were subsequently exposed once to air and twice to ozone; smokers as well as nonsmokers were consistent in their subsequent responsiveness (or lack of responsiveness) to ozone. Healthy smokers have smaller decrements in lung function and fewer symptoms in response to ozone exposure than do nonsmokers.
Current Concepts in Radiation Protection
Authors: Luther L. Terry
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The Federal Radiation Council was established in 1959 in order to apply all relevant knowledge to the formulation of decisions about radiation protection standards. In its 1960 report the Council introduced and defined the term "Radiation Protection Guide" (RPG) to supplement the concepts embraced under the term "maximum permissible dose." The RPG's (either in rems or in micrograms of Ra-226) are here tabulated for radiation workers and for the general population. The individual deviations from the average exposure are considered, as are the differences in sensitivity of various organs and differences in the characteristics of such nuclides as Ra-226, I-131, Sr-90, and Sr-89. For each of the latter the observed environmental radioactivity, when compared with the RPG, decides whether the situation calls for confirmatory surveillance, quantitative surveillance, or additional control meas
Dynamic change in mitral regurgitant orifice area: comparison of color doppler echocardiographic and electromagnetic flowmeter-based methods in a chronic animal model
Authors: Takahiro Shiota, Michael Jones, Dag E. Teien, Izumi Yamada, Arnaldo Passafini, Shuping Ge, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)