tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to Manage Criminals.
Authors: W. P. Howle
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There are symptoms of a "fad" becoming universal in this country. This fad is based on the false conclusion that "crime is a result of disease." Men becomeing sober and orderly after taking the so-called Keeley cure is apparent evidence that the vice, drunkenness, can be cured with medicine, and people who believe in this will say, If one vice can be cured by remedies administered to the criminal, why can not others be cured in the same way? Perhaps ere long it will be fashionable and also legal to send the horse-thief and murderer to the hospital instead of the pen and gallows. To enter my objections to this fad is the object of this paper. In evidence that crime is not a result of disease, I will mention the fact that crimes are not so prevalent among the sick as among the healthy. The hungry
Ninety-Minute Exclusion of Acute Myocardial Infarction By Use of Quantitative Point-of-Care Testing of Myoglobin and Troponin I
Authors: James McCord, Richard M. Nowak, Peter A. McCullough, Craig Foreback, Steven Borzak, Glenn Tokarski, Michael C. Tomlanovich, Gordon Jacobsen, W. Douglas Weaver
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Diagnostic strategies with ECG and serum cardiac markers have been used to rule out acute myocardial infarction in 6 to 12 hours. The present study evaluated whether a multimarker strategy that used point-of-care measurement of myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK)-MB, and troponin I could exclude acute myocardial infarction in ≤3 hours. Methods and Results We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients (n=817) in the emergency department who were evaluated for possible acute myocardial infarction. In patients with nondiagnostic ECGs, we measured CK-MB, troponin I, and myoglobin with a point-of-care device at presentation and at 90 minutes, 3 hours, and 9 hours. Standard central laboratory testing of CK-MB was done at the same time intervals, and triage decisions were made by emergency physicians who were unaware of point-of-care results. Sensitivity and negative predictive value were compared for both the multimarker, point-of-care approach and the central laboratory strategy. Sensitivity and negative predictive value for point-of-care combination of myoglobin and troponin I by 90 minutes was 96.9% and 99.6%, respectively. CK-MB measurements and blood sampling at 3 hours did not improve sensitivity or negative predictive value. Median time from sampling to reporting of results was 71.0 minutes for the central laboratory versus 24.0 minutes for the point-of-care device ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions Acute myocardial infarction can be excluded rapidly in the emergency department by use of point-of-care measurements of myoglobin and troponin I during the first 90 minutes after presentation.
Thyroid Function and Perchlorate in Drinking Water: An Evaluation among California Newborns, 1998
Authors: Patricia A. Buffler, Michael A. Kelsh, Edmund C. Lau, Charlotte H. Edinboro, Julie C. Barnard, George W. Rutherford, Jorge J. Daaboul, Lynn Palmer, Fred W. Lorey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Perchlorate (ClO4−) has been detected in groundwater sources in numerous communities in California and other parts of the United States, raising concerns about potential impacts on health. For California communities where ClO4− was tested in 1997 and 1998, we evaluated the prevalence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among the 342,257 California newborns screened in 1998. We compared thyroid function results among newborns from 24 communities with average ClO4− concentrations in drinking water > 5 μg/L (n = 50,326) to newborns from 287 communities with average concentrations ≤5 μg/L (n = 291,931). ClO4− concentrations obtained from the California Drinking Water Program provided source-specific data for estimating weighted average concentrations in community water. Fifteen cases of PCH from communities with average concentration > 5 μg/L were observed, with 20.4 expected [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–1.19]. Although only 36% of all California newborns were screened before 24 hr of age in 1998, nearly 80% of newborns with high TSH were screened before 24 hr of age. Because of the physiologic postnatal surge of TSH, the results for newborns screened before 24 hr were uninformative for assessing an environmental impact. For newborns screened ≥24 hr, the adjusted POR for high TSH was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.40–1.23). All adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were controlled for sex, ethnicity, birth weight, and multiple birth status. Using an assessment of ClO4− in drinking water based on available data, we did not observe an association between estimated average ClO4− concentrations > 5 μg/L in drinking water supplies and the prevalence of clinically diagnosed PCH or high TSH concentrations.
Sonodynamic therapy reduced neointimal hyperplasia after stenting in rabbit iliac artery
Authors: Koh Arakawa, Kousuke Hagisawa, Hiroyuki Kusano, Satoru Yoneyama, Akira Kurita, Tunenori Arai, Makoto Kikuchi, Shin-ichirou Umemura, Isao Sakata, Fumitaka Ohsuzu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Familial Clustering of Mitral Valve Prolapse in the Community
Authors: Francesca N. Delling, Jian Rong, Martin G. Larson, Birgitta Lehman, Ewa Osypiuk, Plamen Stantchev, Susan A. Slaugenhaupt, Emelia J. Benjamin, Robert A. Levine, Ramachandran S. Vasan
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Knowledge of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) inheritance is based on pedigree observation and M-mode echocardiography. The extent of familial clustering of MVP among unselected individuals in the community using current, more specific echocardiographic criteria is unknown. In addition, the importance of nondiagnostic MVP morphologies (NDMs; first described in large pedigrees) has not been investigated in the general population. We hypothesized that parental MVP and NDMs increase the risk of offspring MVP.
Uracil Mustard in the Treatment of Thrombocytosis
Authors: Hesaraghatta K. Shamasunder
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Uracil mustard was used for the treatment of thrombocytosis in 14 patients, eight who had polycythemia vera and six who had essential thrombocytosis. Intermittent treatment with 1 to 2 mg/day for 14 days was used for most patients, and continuous treatment was used for three patients. The nadir of the platelet count occurred during a mean period of five to seven weeks, and the mean duration between courses was seven months. The drug selectively depressed the platelet count, with a minimal effect on leukocytes and erythrocytes. Uracil mustard is an effective drug for the control of thrombocytosis.
Cost analysis of sofosbuvir/ribavirin versus sofosbuvir/simeprevir for genotype 1 hepatitis C virus in interferon-ineligible/intolerant individuals
Authors: Liesl M. Hagan, Mark S. Sulkowski, Raymond F. Schinazi
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Treatment guidance for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) released by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) offers two options for interferon (IFN)-ineligible/intolerant individuals with genotype 1 infection: sofosbuvir/ribavirin (SOF/RBV) for 24 weeks or sofosbuvir/simeprevir (SOF/SMV) for 12 weeks. A 24-week course of SOF/RBV costs approximately US$169,000, with sustained virologic response (SVR) rates ranging from 52% to 84%; 12 weeks of SOF/SMV costs approximately $150,000, with SVR between 89% and 100%. Because SOF/SMV is currently used off-label, debate exists among physicians and payers about whether it should be prescribed and covered. This article presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of these two treatment regimens accounting for costs of drugs, treatment-related medical care, retreatment for individuals who do not achieve SVR, and natural history of continued HCV infection after failed retreatment. Analysis uses a Markov model with a lifetime horizon and a societal perspective. In the base-case scenario, SOF/SMV dominated SOF/RBV in a modeled 50-year-old cohort of treatment-naïve and -experienced subjects, excluding those who failed earlier therapy with telaprevir or boceprevir. SOF/SMV yielded lower costs and more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for the average subject, compared to SOF/RBV ($165,336 and 14.69 QALYs vs. $243,586 and 14.45 QALYs, respectively). In base-case cost analysis, the SOF/SMV treatment strategy saved $91,590 per SVR, compared to SOF/RBV. Under all one-way sensitivity scenarios, SOF/SMV remained dominant and resulted in cost savings. Conclusions: These results suggest that a 12-week course of SOF/SMV is a more cost-effective treatment for genotype 1 CHC than 24 weeks of SOF/RBV among IFN-ineligible/intolerant individuals, supporting the AASLD/IDSA guidance and offering implications for both clinical and regulatory decision making as well as pharmaceutical pricing. (Hepatology 2014;60:37–45)
TREATMENT OF OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: A. O. Wilensky
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Dec. 13, 1941 issue ofThe Journalcarries the paper of Drs. Hoyt, Davis and Van Buren in which it is said that I have always advocated some sort of drainage in cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. Yet further along in the paper is a quotation from my writings in which it is specifically stated that such foci of osteomyelitis frequently go on to healing without operation of any kind. I wish to state that the latter statement is the correct point of view. I should like to emphasize again the more and more frequent possibility of treating this form of osteomyelitis without operation and in the most conservative manner. In previous years this has repeatedly been possible in my experience without chemotherapy, and now with chemotherapy it seems as if this possibility should be accepted as almost a routine response when the condition is seen
Beverage Can Pull-Tabs
Authors: Willard A. Fry
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— A barium swallow exam done to detect an esophageal foreign body can be dangerous if subsequent endoscopy is required. Dr Rogers (233:345, 1975), recommends that barium swallow be done if a pulltab is suspected in the esophagus but does not show up on plain films. If a pull-tab is present in the esophagus, it must be removed by esophagoscopy, and a whitewashed esophagus, resulting from a barium swallow, has been known to cause visualization problems at esophagoscopy and to lead to esophageal perforation with all of its attendant and catastrophic complications. Nonopaque contrast material, a gelatin capsule filled with barium, or a pledget of cotton soaked in clear contrast medium can all be used instead of the barium swallow whitewash.After reading this otherwise excellent article, the medical practitioner is liable to believe that barium swallow is the second most appropriate test in the case of suspected
Alpha 1-antitrypsin screening of 18-year-old men.
Authors: T Sveger, P Mazodier
Journal: Thorax (1979)

In 11 128 apparently healthy 18-year-old men screened for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) 44 had an alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) level of 50% or less of the transferrin reference. In 42 of the 44 the Pi types were: five Pi Z, 10 Pi SZ, three Pi MZ, one presumptive Pi M-, one Pi FM, and 22 Pi M. Probably all Pi Z and most of the Pi SZ subjects were identified. The transferrin reference, however, is probably less reliable for the study of this age group, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin may provide a more valid reference for the AAT screening procedure. In the clinical investigation the additive risk factor of smoking was discovered in eight of 15 individuals with AATD Pi Z or Pi SZ. We believe screening for Pi Z and probably also Pi SZ AATD should be done before young people start smoking or train for jobs in polluted environments.
Extension of selection criteria for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for gall stones.
Authors: A. Darzi, J. R. Monson, C. O'Morain, W. A. Tanner, F. B. Keane
Journal: BMJ (1989)

overall there were fewer cases than expected (male, 19 cases v 31 2 expected; female, 71 cases v 85 0 expected).Within the parishes that formed the Copeland area around Sellafield nine cases were registered compared with 18 4 expected.
Science commentary: What is involved in intracytoplasmic sperm injection?
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is a technique that increases the chance of conception in cases of severe male infertility or in cases in which the reasons for infertility remain unexplained. There are 59 centres in the United Kingdom licensed to conduct intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection involves injecting a single sperm into the centre of an ovum using a fine glass needle (one fourteenth the size of a human hair). The sperm can be collected from ejaculate or directly from the testis or epididymis; collection from the testis or epididymis is usually performed under general anaesthesia. Just before injection, the sperm is carefully prepared by washing off the seminal plasma; the best quality sperm are identified by washing through a special …
PTU-133 Predicting Mortality In Alcholic Hepatitis; A Comparison In Different Scoring Systems
Authors: SK Sidhu, C Reddick, A Turner, K Mcwhirter, A Al-Rifai
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe presentation of alcoholic liver disease. In its most severe form (with a Maddray score &gt;32) the 1 month mortality is 35%. There are currently a few methods used to decide if continuation of corticosteroid therapy is beneficial, the Lille’s Score and the presence of a 25% reduction in the serum bilirubin between day 1 and day 7. We assess the effectiveness of these scoring systems in assessing 6 month mortality. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients admitted with a diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis with a Maddray score &gt; 32 with no evidence of sepsis over a 2 year period (2010–2012) were identified. All the notes were analysed and data collected by a F1 using a standardised profroma. Patients were placed into 4 groups: Group 1= &lt;25% reduction in bilirubin, low Lille score, Group 2= &lt;25% in bilirubin, high Lille score, Group 3= &gt;25% reduction in bilirubin, low Lille score and Group 4= &gt;25% reduction in bilirubin, high Lille score. <h3>Results</h3> Overall 77 patients were included, at 6 months 21 died (27%). The mean age was 48 yrs (Range 27–67 years). At day 1 there was biochemical parameters consistent with significant liver disease (Madray Score: 68 (Range 34–169), Albumin 29.9 ± 4.9, INR: 2.0 ± 0.5, Bilirubin: 235 ± 135). 77 (100%) patients received nutritional support, Vitamin B and Thiamine. The baseline INR (Alive: 1.85 ± 0.47, Died: 2.31 ± 0.59 p = 0.001) and Albumin (Alive: 30.6 ± 4.6, Died: 28.1 ± 5.5 p = 0.04) were significantly deranged in patients who died at 6 months. There was no significant difference in the baseline Urea (Alive: 3.81 ± 3.54, Died: 4.26 ± 3.46 p = 0.610), Creatinine (Alive: 64.3 ± 45.9, Died: 79.5 ± 59.6 p = 0.232) and Bilirubin (Alive: 237.8 ± 144.6, Died: 228.1 ± 110.3 p = 0.779) in patients who died at 6 months. There were no patient that fell into group 4. In the other 3 groups there were similar numbers of patients (Group 1: 29 patients, 6 month mortality 17%, Group 2: 23 patients, 6 month mortality 57%, Group 3: 25 patients, 6 month mortality 12%). Kaplan Meier survival curves were created for these 3 groups and is shown in Figure 1 below. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this study factors suggesting poor liver synthetic function (INR and Albumin) were associated with 6 month mortality. There was a significantly worse outcome with a high Lille score compared to a low Lille score. There was very little effect of a greater than 25% reduction in bilirubin on mortality at 6 months. From this study we would suggest that the Lille score is used to accurately predict a poor outcome. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Rational Design of Immunostimulatory siRNAs
Authors: Michael P Gantier, Stephen Tong, Mark A Behlke, Aaron T Irving, Martha Lappas, Ulrika W Nilsson, Eicke Latz, Nigel AJ McMillan, Bryan RG Williams
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have engendered much enthusiasm for their ability to silence the expression of specific genes. However, it is now well established that siRNAs, depending on their sequence, can be variably sensed by the innate immune system through recruitment of toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7/8). Here, we aimed to identify sequence-based modifications allowing for the design of bifunctional siRNAs with both proinflammatory and specific silencing activities, and with potentially increased therapeutic benefits. We found that the introduction of a micro-RNA (miRNA)-like nonpairing uridine-bulge in the passenger strand robustly increased immunostimulatory activity on human immune cells. This sequence modification had no effect on the silencing efficiency of the siRNA. Increased immunostimulation with the uridine-bulge design was specific to human cells, and conserved silencing efficiency required a Dicer-substrate scaffold. The increased cytokine production with the uridine-bulge design resulted in enhanced protection against Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection, in viral assays. Thus, we characterize a design scaffold applicable to any given siRNA sequence, that results in increased innate immune activation without affecting gene silencing. Our data suggest that this sequence modification coupled with structural modification differentially recruits human TLR8 over TLR7, and could have potential application in antiviral therapies.
Letter: Surgery of violence.
Authors: N E Cetti
Journal: BMJ (1975)

County, Denmark, blood samples were drawn in the fasting state at 8 a.m. for determination of serum levels of calcium, protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride.The serum calcium levels were corrected to a constant serum protein level.2All determinations were made in duplicate, and the co- efficients of variation (C.V.) of duplicate measurements and the mean values and standard deviations (S.D.) are given in the table.A ihighly significant inverse corre- lation was found between serum calcium and serum triglyceride (r= -0-36, P<0001).No significant correlation was found between serum calcium and serum cholesterol (r = 0-03, P>0 05). C.v. (from Serum LevelsNo. of Mean S.D. duplicate Subjects measurements)Calcium (mmol/l) 80 2-46 0-06 0m8nt Cholesterol (mmol/l) 80 7-04 1-48 1-50°O Triglyceride (mmol/l) 80 1-27 0-95 2-6 ,Conversion: SI to Traditional Units-Calcium: 1 mmol/l -4 mg!100 ml.Cholesterol: 1 mmol/l -38-6mg'100 ml.Triglyceride: 1 mmol/l 88 5 mg/100 ml.Our results seem to be supported by the findings that serum cholesterol is lower than normal in patients with hyperparathyroidism and that the seruim concentration of lipids increases after operation.3They indicate that in the elderly serum calcium levels in the lower part of the normal range are not pro- tective against raised serum lipid levels.-We are, etc.
African Histoplasmosis in the United States
Authors: Ronald N. Shore
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE TERM "African histoplasmosis" refers to a distinct form of histoplasmosis caused by the organism<i>Histoplasma capsulatum var duboisii</i>. All cases have originated in equatorial Africa—even the few recognized outside the continent.<sup>1,2</sup>We describe the occurrence of the disease in a US resident who had been in Africa six years earlier. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old Maryland woman had a 3-mm recurrent, crusted, tender scalp papule that she had first noted six years earlier during pregnancy while living in Zaire. She suspected that trauma from a hairpin initiated the lesion. Scrapings of skin from the lesion yielded several white cottony colonies composed of hyphae and tuberculate macroaleuriospores. At 37 °C, the organism converted to a yeast, and a presumptive identification of<i>Histoplasma</i>sp was made. A biopsy specimen of the scalp lesion revealed foci of inflammatory cells within the dermis with giant cells and histiocytes predominating. Numerous thick-walled
Cannabis, Cognition, and Residual Confounding
Authors: Harrison G. Pope, Jr
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Translating Discovery to Patient Care
Authors: John E. Niederhuber
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal