tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus Diagnostic Testing in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Prognostic Discrimination
Authors: Andrew G. Schache, Triantafilos Liloglou, Janet M. Risk, Anastasia Filia, Terence M. Jones, Jon Sheard, Julia A. Woolgar, Timothy R. Helliwell, Asterios Triantafyllou, Max Robinson, Philip Sloan, Colin Harvey-Woodworth, Daniel Sisson, Richard J. Shaw
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV16) is the causative agent in a biologically distinct subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with highly favorable prognosis. In clinical trials, HPV16 status is an essential inclusion or stratification parameter, highlighting the importance of accurate testing. Experimental Design: Fixed and fresh-frozen tissue from 108 OPSCC cases were subject to eight possible assay/assay combinations: p16 immunohistochemistry (p16 IHC); in situ hybridization for high-risk HPV (HR HPV ISH); quantitative PCR (qPCR) for both viral E6 RNA (RNA qPCR) and DNA (DNA qPCR); and combinations of the above. Results: HPV16-positive OPSCC presented in younger patients (mean 7.5 years younger, P = 0.003) who smoked less than HPV-negative patients (P = 0.007). The proportion of HPV16-positive cases increased from 15% to 57% (P = 0.001) between 1988 and 2009. A combination of p16 IHC/DNA qPCR showed acceptable sensitivity (97%) and specificity (94%) compared with the RNA qPCR “gold standard”, as well as being the best discriminator of favorable outcome (overall survival P = 0.002). p16 IHC/HR HPV ISH also had acceptable specificity (90%) but the substantial reduction in its sensitivity (88%) impacted upon its prognostic value (P = 0.02). p16 IHC, HR HPV ISH, or DNA qPCR was not sufficiently specific to recommend in clinical trials when used in isolation. Conclusions: Caution must be exercised in applying HPV16 diagnostic tests because of significant disparities in accuracy and prognostic value in previously published techniques. Clin Cancer Res; 17(19); 6262–71. ©2011 AACR.
Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Genes by E2F Transcription Factors: Rb–Raf-1 Interaction as a Novel Target for Metastatic Disease
Authors: Jackie L. Johnson, Smitha Pillai, Danielle Pernazza, Saïd M. Sebti, Nicholas J. Lawrence, Srikumar P. Chellappan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The retinoblastoma (Rb)-E2F transcriptional regulatory pathway plays a major role in cell-cycle regulation, but its role in invasion and metastasis is less well understood. We find that many genes involved in the invasion of cancer cells, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), have potential E2F-binding sites in their promoters. E2F-binding sites were predicted on all 23 human MMP gene promoters, many of which harbored multiple E2F-binding sites. Studies presented here show that MMP genes such as MMP9, MMP14, and MMP15 which are overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer, have multiple E2F-binding sites and are regulated by the Rb-E2F pathway. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the association of E2F1 with the MMP9, MMP14, and MMP15 promoters, and transient transfection experiments showed that these promoters are E2F responsive. Correspondingly, depletion of E2F family members by RNA interference techniques reduced the expression of these genes with a corresponding reduction in collagen degradation activity. Furthermore, activating Rb by inhibiting the interaction of Raf-1 with Rb by using the Rb-Raf-1 disruptor RRD-251 was sufficient to inhibit MMP transcription. This led to reduced invasion and migration of cancer cells in vitro and metastatic foci development in a tail vein lung metastasis model in mice. These results suggest that E2F transcription factors may play a role in promoting metastasis through regulation of MMP genes and that targeting the Rb-Raf-1 interaction is a promising approach for the treatment of metastatic disease.
Inclusion of chemotherapy in addition to anthracycline in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia does not improve outcomes: results of the MRC AML15 trial
Authors: A K Burnett, R K Hills, D Grimwade, J V Jovanovic, J Craig, M F McMullin, J Kell, K Wheatley, J A L Yin, A Hunter, D Milligan, N H Russell
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
The Editor's Prologue 1988
Authors: RONA M. MacKIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article The Editor's Prologue 1988 Get access RONA M. MacKIE RONA M. MacKIE Department of Dermatology, Glasgow University, Glasgow, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Pages 413–418, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03244.x Published: 01 October 1988
Re: M. Minhaj Siddiqui, Soroush Rais-Bahrami, Hong Truong, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging/Ultrasound–Fusion Biopsy Significantly Upgrades Prostate Cancer Versus Systematic 12-core Transrectal Ultrasound Biopsy. Eur Urol 2013;64:713–9 and Re: Mark Emberton. Has Magnetic Resonance–Guided Biopsy of the Prostate Become the Standard of Care? Eur Urol 2013;64:720–1
Authors: Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Henk G. van der Poel
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Quantitative analysis of myocardial infarct structure in patients with ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: D R Bolick, D B Hackel, K A Reimer, R E Ideker
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To study whether myocardial infarction differs in patients with and without ventricular tachycardia, the hearts of 22 deceased patients with ventricular tachycardia and 21 deceased control patients were analyzed quantitatively. The hearts from the ventricular tachycardia group were heavier and more dilated than those from the control group. Histologic analysis of a representative cross section from each heart showed that the ventricular tachycardia group had larger, more solid infarcts than did the control group. The ventricular tachycardia group also had a greater area of spared subendocardium, more hydropic change of the spared subendocardium, and more "ribbon type" spared subendocardium, which was defined as spared subendocardium of uniform contour 1 mm thick or less. The ventricular tachycardia group was divided into a subacute subgroup (n = 14, dying less than or equal to 10 weeks after infarction) and a chronic subgroup (n = 8, dying greater than 10 weeks after infarction). The infarcts of the subacute ventricular tachycardia group were more solid and had a greater amount of ribbon type spared subendocardium than those of the chronic ventricular tachycardia group. This information can serve as a baseline for the evaluation of animal preparations of tachycardia and, when combined with knowledge of the location of the arrhythmogenic region furnished by intraoperative mapping, should lead to better understanding of the anatomic substrate for ventricular tachycardia.
RADIOIMMUNOLOCALIZATION (RIL) OF AN AHTIGANGLIOSIDE ANTIBODY DIRECTED AGAINST GD2 GANGLIOSIDE
Authors: D. A. Podoloff, J. L. Hurray, V. Bhadkamkar, L. P. Kasi, E. E. Kim, T. P. Haynie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Podoloff, D. A.; Hurray, J. L.; Bhadkamkar, V.; Kasi, L. P.; Kim, E. E.; Haynie, T. P. U.T. H.D Author Information
Child abuse experts "astonished" that convicted doctors' critic is in guidance group
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A row has blown up over the UK General Medical Council’s decision to appoint the campaigner and parents’ advocate Penny Mellor to the expert group it has set up to produce new guidance for paediatricians working in child protection.

The GMC, the regulator of doctors in the United Kingdom, announced that it was establishing the group on the day the paediatrician David Southall won his appeal in May against a GMC finding that he had accused a mother of murdering her son and a ruling striking him off the medical register ( BMJ 2010;340:c2448, 4 May, doi:10.1136/bmj.c2448).

Mrs Mellor has admitted playing a part in about 30 complaints against Dr Southall, an expert on fabricated or induced illness, formerly known as Munchausen’s syndrome by proxy. She told the BMJ that she had been involved in about 50 complaints to the GMC accusing doctors of misconduct, some of them multiple complaints against the same doctor.

A draft open letter from the steering group of Professionals Against Child Abuse (PACA) to the GMC’s chairman, Peter Rubin, says that PACA is “astonished” by the appointment and calls Mrs Mellor’s involvement “an affront to paediatricians and other professionals involved in child …
Double Standards in Medical Research in Developing Countries
Authors: Udo Schuklenk
Journal: BMJ (2004)

R uth Macklin, a senior bioethicist with a longstanding interest in research ethics, has produced a very readable overview and analysis of the main issues in one of the most acrimonious international debates the field of ethics has seen in recent times. Unlike the excited bickering about stem cell research and reproductive cloning, this debate affects the lives of real people and is quite unlike those interminable debates about the moral standing of accumulations of a few hundred cells that some people still misleadingly call “persons.”

At the heart of the debate lies this question: what standards of care are ethically required when commercial …
Routine Heparin for Patients with Cancer? One Answer, More Questions
Authors: Elie A. Akl, Holger J. Schünemann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

The antithrombotic effect of heparins is established, and it is speculated that a direct antitumor effect of heparin might translate into a survival benefit in patients with cancer. This antitumor activity of heparins mechanistically includes the inhibition of cell–cell interaction by blocking cell-adhesion molecules (selectins), the inhibition of extracellular-matrix protease heparanase, and the inhibition of angiogenesis.1 Should heparin, thus, be offered to patients with cancer who have no standard indication for anticoagulation therapy?A large, randomized clinical trial addressing this question is reported by Agnelli and colleagues in this issue of the Journal.2 The SAVE-ONCO study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00694382) . . .
Quality of impact factors of general medical journals
Authors: K S Joseph
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Citations are deemed the currency of science, and their utility in measuring the quality and impact of scientific articles and journals is generally accepted.1–3 Citation based impact factors and rankings of leading general medical journals have changed substantially in recent years, and this seems to have been associated—unexpectedly—with simultaneous changes in publication volume.4



Numbers of substantive items published annually and impact factors for five leading journals in general and internal medicine, 1989-2001. Impact factors are number of citations in a given year to any article published in …
Birth of a Healthy Infant after Preimplantation Confirmation of Euploidy by Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Authors: Leeanda Wilton, Robert Williamson, John McBain, David Edgar, Lucille Voullaire
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Embryos that are transferred after in vitro fertilization frequently fail to implant in the uterus; in many cases, this failure is due to chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo. The current methods of diagnosis of aneuploidy cannot detect many chromosomal abnormalities. This report on the case of a 38-year-old woman with a long history of infertility describes the use of comparative genomic hybridization to determine that all the chromosomes of a single embryo were free of aneuploidy, resulting in the birth of a healthy infant.
Bioavailability of Drugs
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

SYSTEMIC drugs administered orally or parenterally must reach the general circulation in their pharmacologically active form to be distributed throughout the body and to exert therapeutic effects at their sites of action. Physicians widely assume that this condition is reliably met by most drugs and drug products. In actual fact, complete entry into the general circulation is assured only when the drug product is injected intravascularly. Other routes of administration, and particularly the oral route, often allow appearance in the systemic circulation of only some fraction of the administered drug. A major advance in pharmacotherapy during the last few years . . .
Hepatitis A: A Potentially Serious Disease
Authors: Ira Willner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 September 1998Hepatitis A: A Potentially Serious DiseaseIra Willner, MD, Caroline A. Riely, MD, and Bradford Waters, MDIra Willner, MDMedical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425University of Tennessee, Memphis; Memphis, TN 38163Search for more papers by this author, Caroline A. Riely, MDMedical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425University of Tennessee, Memphis; Memphis, TN 38163Search for more papers by this author, and Bradford Waters, MDMedical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425University of Tennessee, Memphis; Memphis, TN 38163Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Rodriguez and colleagues describe five patients, four of whom were previously healthy and between the ages of 26 and 55 years, who required liver transplantation for fulminant hepatitis A. Under the current guidelines, vaccine would not have been recommended for these patients [1]. These cases, which occurred sporadically (not during an epidemic), underscore the fact that hepatitis A in the industrialized world is not an asymptomatic disease of childhood but rather a potentially life-threatening disease of adults.Haznedaroglu and colleagues report a case of severe hepatitis A complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in a ...References1. Prevention of hepatitis A through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1996; 45(RR-15):1-30. Google Scholar2. Vento S, Garofano T, Renzini C, Cainelli F, Casali F, Ghironzi G, et al. Fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis A superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. N Engl J Med. 1998; 338:286-90. Google Scholar3. Keefe EB, Iwarson S, McMahon BJ, Lindsay KL, Koff RS, Manns M, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 1998; 27:881-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina; Charleston, SC 29425University of Tennessee, Memphis; Memphis, TN 38163 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1998Volume 129, Issue 6Page: 507KeywordsChronic hepatitis CHepatitis AHepatitis A virusHepatitis C virusImmune responseLiver diseasesLiver transplantationMorbiditySuperinfectionsVaccines Issue Published: 15 September 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations in rats with healed myocardial infarction. Effects on systolic function.
Authors: P J Fletcher, J M Pfeffer, M A Pfeffer, E Braunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

To determine the effects of healed myocardial infarction on the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle, we studied 36 rats 26 days after left coronary artery ligation. Peak cardiac output and stroke volume were measured under ether anesthesia during volume loading, and peak left ventricular developed pressure was determined during occlusion of the ascending aorta. During a slow infusion of saline into the potassium-arrested left ventricle, diastolic pressure and volume were measured continuously over the pressure range -5 to 30 mm Hg. Infarct size was determined by planimetry of serial sections taken from each heart at 1-mm intervals from apex to base. In rats with healed infarcts, left ventricular volume was increased in proportion to infarct size and the diastolic pressure-volume relationship was shifted so that at pressures below 2.5 mm Hg volume was increased, resulting in an increased ventricular compliance in this low pressure range. Above this pressure, the slopes of the pressure-volume curves were similar in rats with and without infarctions. Peak cardiac output and pressure-generating capacity were impaired in proportion to infarct size. This impairment of cardiac performance correlated with the infarct size-related increase in diastolic volume, which served to offset the reduction in flow generating capacity caused by systolic dysfunction, while contributing directly to the impairment of pressure generating capacity.
Herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to (TJ-135) prevents liver fibrosis and enzyme-altered lesions in rat liver cirrhosis induced by a choline-deficient -amino acid-defined diet
Authors: Isao Sakaida, Masako Tsuchiya, Kotarou Kawaguchi, Teruaki Kimura, Shuji Terai, Kiwamu Okita
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Diffuse esophageal parakeratosis
Authors: C. Tu, C. Tai, C. Chang, T. Chiang, C. Lee, J. Lin
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 31-year-old woman, who suffered from chronic alcohol abuse, presented with hematemesis and loss of consciousness 2 hours after ingesting toilet bowl cleaner and sedative pills. Over the previous 6 months she had suffered worsening depressive symptoms, with increased alcohol intake, inadequate diet, and a rapid weight loss of 20 kg. An urgent endoscopy revealed extensive gastric and duodenal hemorrhage as a result of caustic injury. The esophagus was not a source of bleeding; however, it showed an unusual appearance of thick mucosa with orderly displayed rings and furrows (Figure [1] a). The furrows were particularly prominent when the lumen constricted upon irrigation (Figure [1] b). The lesion started with discrete patches at the upper esophagus (Figure [1] c), extended diffusely through the entire esophagus, and ended up at the esophagogastric junction. A section of square-shaped mucosa at the upper esophagus was peeled off by random grasping using biopsy forceps (Figure [1] d). Epithelial parakeratosis was demonstrated by microscopic examination (Figure [2]). The patient was treated with alcohol abstinence, proton-pump inhibitor, standard tube-feeding diet, and supplements of thiamine, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamine. A follow-up endoscopy 40 days later revealed normal esophageal mucosa except for scattered candidal infections.
PHF6 mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: P Van Vlierberghe, J Patel, O Abdel-Wahab, C Lobry, C V Hedvat, M Balbin, C Nicolas, A R Payer, H F Fernandez, M S Tallman, E Paietta, A Melnick, P Vandenberghe, F Speleman, I Aifantis, J Cools, R Levine, A Ferrando
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Co-administration of rIpaB domain of Shigella with rGroEL of S. Typhi enhances the immune responses and protective efficacy against Shigella infection
Authors: Sekar Tamil Selvi Chitradevi, Gurpreet Kaur, Sivaramakrishna Uppalapati, Anandprakash Yadav, Dependrapratap Singh, Anju Bansal
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)
Human orf complicated by bullous pemphigoid
Authors: A.W. Macfarlane
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Human orf complicated by bullous pemphigoid Get access A.W. Macfarlane A.W. Macfarlane Department of Dermatology, Gwynedd Hospitals NHS Trust, Bangor LL57 2PW, Wales, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 4, 1 October 1997, Pages 656–657, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb03813.x Published: 01 October 1997
Impact of a Prescription Copayment Increase on Lipid-Lowering Medication Adherence in Veterans
Authors: Jalpa A. Doshi, Jingsan Zhu, Bruce Y. Lee, Stephen E. Kimmel, Kevin G. Volpp
Journal: Circulation (2009)

In February 2002, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) increased copayments from $2 to $7 per 30-day drug supply of each medication for many veterans. We examined the impact of the copayment increase on lipid-lowering medication adherence.This quasiexperimental study used electronic records of 5604 veterans receiving care at the Philadelphia VA Medical Center from November 1999 to April 2004. The all copayment group included veterans subject to copayments for all drugs with no annual cap. Veterans subject to copayments for drugs only if indicated for a non-service-connected condition with an annual cap of $840 for out-of-pocket costs made up the some copayment group. Veterans who remained copayment exempt formed a natural control group (no copayment group). Patients were identified as adherent if the proportion of days covered with lipid-lowering medications was > or =80%. Patients were identified as having a continuous gap if they had at least 1 continuous episode with no lipid-lowering medications for > or =90 days. A difference-in-difference approach compared changes in lipid-lowering medication adherence during the 24 months before and after copayment increase among veterans subject to the copayment change with those who were not. Adherence declined in all 3 groups after the copayment increase. However, the percentage of patients who were adherent (proportion of days covered > or =80%) declined significantly more in the all copayment (-19.2%) and some copayment (-19.3%) groups relative to the exempt group (-11.9%). The incidence of a continuous gap increased significantly at twice the rate in both copayment groups (all copayment group, 24.6%; some copayment group, 24.1%) as the exempt group (11.7%). Compared with the exempt group, the odds of having a continuous gap in the after relative to the before period were significantly higher in both the all copayment group (odds ratio, 3.04; 95% confidence interval, 2.29 to 4.03) and the some copayment group (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.43 to 2.40). Similar results were seen in subgroups of patients at high risk for coronary heart disease, high medication users, and elderly veterans.The copayment increase adversely affected lipid-lowering medication adherence among veterans, including those at high coronary heart disease risk.
Restenosis after coronary angioplasty: A multilvariate statistical model to relate lesion and procedure variables to restenosis
Authors: John W. Hirshfeld, J.Sanford Schwartz, Ralph Jugo, Robert G. Macdonald, Sheldon Goldberg, Michael P. Savage, Theodore A. Bass, George Vetrovec, Michael Cowley, Andrew S. Taussig, Hall B. Whitworth, James R. Margolis, James A. Hill, Carl J. Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Bronchial Oncocytoma With High 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake Revealed by Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Giovanni Leuzzi, Alfredo Cesario, Marco Chiappetta, Filippo Lococo, Gianluigi Petrone, Maria Teresa Congedo, Guido Rindi, Pierluigi Granone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)