tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Alexander Gottschalk
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This volume, designed primarily for the nuclear medical expert, is organized in the broad categories of instrumentation, dynamic function studies, radiopharmaceuticals and dosimetry, and organ scanning; but it really represents a series of concise odes in nuclear medicine. As a result, the reader looking for information on a specific topic will be rewarded if his subject is included in this text. And even though many of the papers are but brief discussions, the bibliographies are in general good enough so that the volume will frequently serve as a "place to start." In contrast to much of the current literature which emphasizes radioisotope scanning, perhaps the strongest section of this work is that on dynamic function studies. Included here are a reevaluation of the roentgenogram, a discussion of cardiac output (complete with a chapter on the underlying theory), and cerebral blood flow measurement. A valid criticism can be raised that topics
Vote, vote, vote, for the GMC
Authors: A G Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The postman pushed two large, identical envelopes through our letterbox - cat flap actually - one for me, one for my husband. Double sets of mail are common in bimedical households. We opened them - voting papers for the General Medical Council. I flipped through mine. “Have you seen this?” I asked, “There are dozens of them standing.” My husband glanced unenthusiastically at his and put it down again.

That evening, glass of wine in hand, we both returned to them. “There are 158 people in here,” I said, “There's going to be some drastic weeding out.” We armed ourselves with pencils and red pens. Closer inspection of the pages showed several blanks - “no photo supplied.” “Well, if they can't be bothered to produce a photograph they can't be very serious,” I said. “I'm not voting for any of them.” A red line through all the “no photo” brigade caused an immediate and satisfying reduction in the number of candidates.

Across the table prejudice was rearing its ugly head in the form of agism. “This chap's past …
ASSESSMENT BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY OF A DEDICATED DRUG ELUTING STENT WITH BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER FOR THE INHIBITION OF NEOVASCULARIZATION AND NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Elefterios Tsiamis, Andreas Synetos, Antonis Karanasos, Elli Stefanadi, Nicholas Kipshidze, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Enoxaparin in unstable angina patients who would have been excluded from randomized pivotal trials
Authors: Jean-Philippe Collet, Gilles Montalescot, Erika Fine, Jean-Louis Golmard, Miles Dalby, R.émi Choussat, Annick Ankri, Raphaëlle Dumaine, Claude Lesty, Nicolas Vignolles, Daniel Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract 5201: Suppression of WNT1 expression inhibits the maintenance and expansion of cancer stem cells in a mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: Ran-Ju Kim, A-Ram Choi, Kyung-Jin Roh, Soo-Rim Kim, Ju-Hyun Park, Su-Youn Lee, Se-Jin Park, Jeong-Seok Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer relapse is the most common cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis proposes that CSCs are the root of cancer. CSC-targeted therapies may prevent cancer relapse and provide more effective treatment. It has been known that stem cells can be enriched in non-adherent sphere culture. To identify molecular targets in breast CSC, we compared transcription levels of stem cell-related genes between tumorspheres established from Balb/c mice-derived 4T1 mammary carcinoma and mammospheres from the mammary glands of Balb/c mice. The most differentially expressed gene was found to be Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT1). To determine whether WNT1 has any relevance in breast carcinoma, we analyzed the expression of WNT1 in the human matched normal breast and breast cancer samples. Immunofluorescent staining showed that WNT1 expression was elevated ∼17-63-fold in cancerous tissues compared with non-cancerous tissues from the same breast cancer patients. Functionally, knockdown of WNT1 in 4T1 cells reduced the Aldefluorpos cell compartment enriched in CSCs and suppressed the properties of CSCs, including anti-apoptosis, sphere-forming ability, and tumor initiation ability in vivo. Collectively, these results show that WNT1 expression gives rise to properties of CSC in breast cancer. Therefore, the targeting of WNT1-associated signaling may provide an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5201. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5201
Resource allocation to health authorities: the quest for an equitable formula in Britain and Sweden
Authors: F. Diderichsen, E. Varde, M. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In recent years countries with very different healthcare systems have been showing increasing interest in resource allocation policies based on weighted capitation. In countries whose healthcare systems have competing health insurers the main concern has been to construct capitation formulas that prevent favourable risk selection or “cherrypicking.” Reforms to the American Medicare programme and Dutch healthcare proposals have stimulated renewed efforts to find a way of overcoming this problem.1 2 3 4

Countries with national health services, such as the United Kingdom and Sweden, have also experienced far-reaching reforms of health care, with important implications for equity in access to care.5 6 Risk selection should be less of a problem, at least with health authority purchasing, as the population is assigned to a purchaser based on area of residence. The new role of local purchaser, however, calls for more exact methods to allocate “purchasing power,” because local areas will show stronger variation in relative need than regions and counties.

We outline British experiences in attempting to devise an equitable formula then present the new model that we have developed in Sweden for Stockholm County Council. We discuss what lessons these experiences hold for other countries facing a similar challenge.

In Britain serious attempts to devise more equitable mechanisms for resource allocation for the NHS date back to the 1970s, when it became clear that funding to the regions based on historical activity had perpetuated the inequalities in funding that existed before the NHS. Since then, development work has gone through three distinct phases.7

In the first phase the formula created by the Resource Allocation Working Party was developed for distributing resources from central government to regions. It used mortality in each area as an indicator of healthcare need.8 The formula was in use from 1977–90 and …
Using Every Resource to Care for Our Casualties
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The war in Iraq has resulted in an unprecedented number of traumatic brain injuries to U.S. soldiers. As described by Okie in this issue of the Journal, 1 these soldiers have been saved from what in the past might have been a lethal injury by a combination of new protective battlefield equipment and extraordinary resourcefulness on the part of medical first responders and military surgeons. These medical personnel have saved many lives. Their success breeds another problem, however: how to provide the best long-term care for the survivors of these injuries. Once the bleeding has been stopped and the brain swelling . . .
Mandated Choice for Organ Donation-Reply
Authors: Aaron Spital
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —In his assessment of the potential impact of mandated choice, Dr Prottas misses several important points. First, although 60% of families may consent, families are not always asked to donate.<sup>1</sup>Second, even if consent rates were similar, mandated choice would likely yield more organs than does our present system, since it would eliminate delays that can jeopardize the quality of organs. Third, because devoting thought to donation correlates with willingness to donate, mandated choice may induce undecided people to become donors, since it forces every adult to consider this issue. Finally, the suggestion that mandated choice might decrease the organ supply assumes that the ultimate authority would still rest with the family, when in fact it would not. Prottas' attack of the ethics of mandated choice is also ill conceived. While any mandate does limit autonomy, most would agree that society should establish rules designed to ensure
Biodegradable microspheres alone do not stimulate murine macrophages in vitro, but prolong antigen presentation by macrophages in vitro and stimulate a solid immune response in mice
Authors: Asteria Luzardo-Alvarez, Natalia Blarer, Katrin Peter, Jackeline F. Romero, Christophe Reymond, Giampietro Corradin, Bruno Gander
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2005)
Cancer Screening Campaigns — Getting Past Uninformative Persuasion
Authors: Steven Woloshin, Lisa M. Schwartz, William C. Black, Barnett S. Kramer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Public health campaigns have long used powerful tools of persuasion — including fear, guilt, and a sense of personal responsibility — to convince people to get screened for cancer. It's now time to get past pure persuasion and move toward informed decision making.
The Paired Homeodomain Protein DRG11 Is Required for the Projection of Cutaneous Sensory Afferent Fibers to the Dorsal Spinal Cord
Authors: Zhou-Feng Chen, Sandra Rebelo, Fletcher White, Annika B. Malmberg, Hiroshi Baba, Deolinda Lima, Clifford J. Woolf, Allan I. Basbaum, David J. Anderson
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Therapeutic perspectives in food allergy
Authors: J. A. Bellanti, D. B. Wallerstedt, A. L. MacDowell‐Carneiro
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Summary The therapeutic perspectives in food allergy are thus based upon known principlesand mechanisms of tissue injury mediated by immunologic reactions. A thorough knowledge of these, together with new approaches to the identification, elimination, and modification of these reactions, is essential in the management of the patient with food allergy.
Developmental Exposure to Estradiol and Bisphenol A Increases Susceptibility to Prostate Carcinogenesis and Epigenetically Regulates Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Variant 4
Authors: Shuk-Mei Ho, Wan-Yee Tang, Jessica Belmonte de Frausto, Gail S. Prins
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Early developmental perturbations have been linked to adult-onset prostate pathology, including excessive exposure to estrogenic compounds; however, the molecular basis for this imprinting event is not known. An important and controversial health concern is whether low-dose exposures to hormonally active environmental estrogens, such as bisphenol A, can promote human diseases, including prostate cancer. Here, we show that transient developmental exposure of rats to low, environmentally relevant doses of bisphenol A or estradiol increases prostate gland susceptibility to adult-onset precancerous lesions and hormonal carcinogenesis. We found permanent alterations in the DNA methylation patterns of multiple cell signaling genes, suggesting an epigenetic basis for estrogen imprinting. For phosphodiesterase type 4 variant 4 (PDE4D4), an enzyme responsible for cyclic AMP breakdown, a specific methylation cluster was identified in the 5′-flanking CpG island that was gradually hypermethylated with aging in normal prostates, resulting in loss of gene expression. Early and prolonged hypomethylation at this site following neonatal estradiol or bisphenol A exposure resulted in continued, elevated PDE4D4 expression. Cell line studies confirmed that site-specific methylation is involved in transcriptional silencing of the PDE4D4 gene and showed hypomethylation of this gene in prostate cancer cells. Importantly, the PDE4D4 alterations in the estrogen-exposed prostates were distinguishable before histopathologic changes of the gland, making PDE4D4 a candidate molecular marker for prostate cancer risk assessment as a result of endocrine disruptors. In total, these findings indicate that low-dose exposures to ubiquitous environmental estrogens affect the prostate epigenome during development and, in so doing, promote prostate disease with aging. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5624-32)
De novo generation of permanent neovascularized soft tissue appendages by platelet-derived growth factor.
Authors: R K Khouri, S P Hong, E G Deune, J E Tarpley, S Z Song, C M Serdar, G F Pierce
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Treatment of wounds with pharmacologic doses of the BB homodimeric form of recombinant PDGF (rPDGF-BB) induces the recruitment, activation, and proliferation of mesenchymal cells, resulting in the deposition of provisional, and subsequently collagen-containing extracellular matrix. In preliminary experiments with an in vitro growth chamber model in the rat consisting of a silicone shell containing a dissected femoral vascular bundle, we found that rPDGF-BB incorporated into a rapidly dissolving collagen type I film induces the generation of a marked, but transient amount of de novo tissue around the femoral vascular bundle. In the present studies, the new tissue generated around the femoral vascular bundle was wrapped with a full thickness syngeneic skin graft to determine if functional support of the graft would lead to sustained maintenance of the underlying generated tissue and create an epithelialized soft tissue appendage. The tissue generated after a single application of rPDGF-BB was skin grafted on the 10th day, exteriorized 20 d later, and observed for an additional month. This led to the formation of soft tissue appendages which demonstrated marked neovascularization, fibroblast migration and proliferation, and increased glycosaminoglycan, fibronectin, and collagen fibril deposition, now leading to preservation of the newly generated tissue. In contrast, minimal new tissue was generated in control-treated vascular bundles or bundles treated with inactive PDGF-BB, and grafting with skin failed to sustain the underlying tissue. Thus, rPDGF-BB coupled with skin grafting induced the formation of functional large soft tissue appendages which are potentially useful clinically to fill tissue defects or to serve as a cell delivery system for transfected genes.
NKp30 (NCR3) is a Pseudogene in 12 Inbred and Wild Mouse Strains, but an Expressed Gene in Mus caroli
Authors: Martine Hollyoake, R Duncan Campbell, Begoña Aguado
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Ancient duplications and rearrangements of protein-coding segments have resulted in complex gene family relationships. As a result, gene products may acquire new specificities, altered recognition properties, modified functions, and even loss of functionality. The natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family are natural killer (NK)–activating receptors whose members are NKp46 (NCR1), NKp44 (NCR2), and NKp30 (NCR3). The NCR proteins are putative immunoglobulin superfamily members whose ligands are unknown. The NKp46 gene is present and expressed in human and mouse, NKp44 is only present and expressed in human, and NKp30 is present and expressed in human but is a nonexpressed pseudogene in mouse. By searching databases we have detected alternatively spliced forms of the three NCR members. In addition, we have shown by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis that the human NKp30 gene presents differential expression patterns in tissues. However, no expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are detected for mouse NKp30, and the genomic sequence contains two premature stop codons, which would encode a severely truncated nonfunctional protein. We have sequenced genomic DNA from 13 mouse inbred and wild strains and discovered that NKp30 is a pseudogene in every mouse strain sequenced except Mus caroli where two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) abolished the premature stop codons. We observed that the laboratory-inbred strains are, for the exonic sequences, genetically identical, except Mus m. musculus C3H. The Mus musculus strains only have a few SNPs, but the rest of the Mus strains have accumulated gradually several SNPs, mainly in the functional immunoglobulin and intracellular domains. RT-PCR analysis performed on RNA from M. caroli tissue samples identified two transcripts, one of which would encode a putative soluble NKp30 protein, also detected in rat but not in human. We have observed that the intracellular domains of NKp30 (and NKp46) are not conserved among the different species, with the most striking difference when comparing human against mouse and rat. The NKp44 gene is only found in human and shows three different splice forms varying in their "stalk" and intracellular domains. Searching for NKp44 orthologs, we found similarity to ESTs from a novel rodent TREM family member, which we termed TREM6, and not to any possible NKp44 ortholog.
Alpha and Beta HCG Subunit Disease: Recognition of New Ectopic Polypeptide Syndromes.
Authors: Saul VV. Rosen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Alpha and Beta HCG Subunit Disease: Recognition of New Ectopic Polypeptide Syndromes.Saul VV. Rosen, M.D., F.A.C.P., Bruce D. Weintraub, M.D.Saul VV. Rosen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Bruce D. Weintraub, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-831_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecent investigations in several laboratories have shown that the glycoprotein trophic hormones TSH, LH, hCG, and FSH, are composed of two biologically inactive subunits: a common, nearly identical alpha subunit and a beta subunit that confers specificity on the complete biologically active molecule. In the course of screening serums of cancer patients for ectopic placental protein production, we found a case with isolated production of the beta subunit of hCG (a 75-year-old man with mixed epidermoid-adenocarcinoma of the pancreas; serum hCG-β, 300 ng/ml) and another with isolated production of the alpha subunit (a 27-year-old woman with typical gastric carcinoid; serum... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 831-831KeywordsCancer screeningFollicle-stimulating hormoneGlycoproteinsHuman chorionic gonadotropinLuteinizing hormonePancreasPolypeptidesSerum proteinsSpecificityThyroid-stimulating hormone Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Priapism following splenectomy in an unstable hemoglobin: Hemoglobin Olmsted β141 (H19) Leu→Arg
Authors: Isabelle Thuret, Josiane Bardakdjian, Catherine Badens, Henri Wajcman, Frederic Galacteros, Danielle Vanuxem, Henri Perrimond, Francis Giraud, Danielle Lena-Russo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

We report a case of severe priapism occurring in a patient with an unstable hemoglobin, Hb Olmsted (β141 Leu→Arg). This is a rare hemoglobin variant, which until now has been reported only once. The clinical course of the 12-year-old boy was characterized by severe hemolytic anemia leading to splenectomy and cholecystectomy at the age of 3.5 years. The priapism occurred 8 years after splenectomy, during a hemolytic febrile episode and required aspiration of the corpora cavernosa. This report raises the question of the benefit of splenectomy in patients suffering from a chronic hemolytic anemia such as that due to an unstable hemoglobin. This treatment lowers the frequency and the severity of acute hemolytic attacks, but several cases of vascular complications have been reported after splenectomy. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
New Modes of Insulin Administration
Authors: GRANT GWINUP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1986New Modes of Insulin AdministrationGRANT GWINUP, M.D.GRANT GWINUP, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-633_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Rizza is to be congratulated on his editorial ( 1 ) presenting a thorough and balanced review of the evidence relating rigid control of blood sugar levels to the microvascular disease of diabetes. His conclusion that "no one knows" if rigid control makes microvascular disease better or worse cannot be contested, although the more recent studies to which he alludes certainly tend to suggest that more rigid control makes retinal microvascular disease worse. Nevertheless, his conclusions run contrary to the "party line" and to a recent position paper by the American Diabetes Association, and he shows...Reference1. RIZZA R. New modes of insulin administration: do they have a role in clinical diabetes [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:126-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMicrovascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic ControlMARK V. SHEFFIELD JR., M.D. 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 633-633KeywordsBlood sugarInsulin Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Regulatory Role of Dendritic Cells in Postinfarction Healing and Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Atsushi Anzai, Toshihisa Anzai, Shigenori Nagai, Yuichiro Maekawa, Kotaro Naito, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yasuo Sugano, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Hitoshi Abe, Satsuki Mochizuki, Motoaki Sano, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Yasunori Okada, Shigeo Koyasu, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Inflammation and immune responses are integral components in the healing process after myocardial infarction. We previously reported dendritic cell (DC) infiltration in the infarcted heart; however, the precise contribution of DC in postinfarction healing is unclear. Methods and Results— Bone marrow cells from CD11c-diphtheria toxin receptor/green fluorescent protein transgenic mice were transplanted into lethally irradiated wild-type recipient mice. After reconstitution of bone marrow–derived cells, the recipient mice were treated with either diphtheria toxin (DC ablation) or vehicle (control), and myocardial infarction was created by left coronary ligation. CD11c + green fluorescent protein–positive DCs expressing CD11b and major histocompatibility complex class II were recruited into the heart, peaking on day 7 after myocardial infarction in the control group. Mice with DC ablation for 7 days showed deteriorated left ventricular function and remodeling. The DC-ablated group demonstrated enhanced and sustained expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α, prolonged extracellular matrix degradation associated with a high level of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, and diminished expression level of interleukin-10 and endothelial cell proliferation after myocardial infarction compared with the control group. In vivo analyses revealed that DC-ablated infarcts had enhanced monocyte/macrophage recruitment. Among these cells, marked infiltration of proinflammatory Ly6C high monocytes and F4/80 + CD206 − M1 macrophages and, conversely, impaired recruitment of anti-inflammatory Ly6C low monocytes and F4/80 + CD206 + M2 macrophages in the infarcted myocardium were identified in the DC-ablated group compared with the control group. Conclusions— These results suggest that the DC is a potent immunoprotective regulator during the postinfarction healing process via its control of monocyte/macrophage homeostasis.