tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoreactive pancreatic Reg protein in sera from cystic fibrosis patients with and without pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: J Carrère, O Guy-Crotte, E Gaia, C Figarella
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND The biological function of the Reg protein, a non-enzymic protein produced in fairly large amounts by pancreatic acinar cells, remains elusive. Its susceptibility to proteolysis leading to precipitation of the proteolysis product at neutral pH suggests that it could contribute to the protein plugging observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). AIMS To study its behaviour in the serum of CF patients with or without pancreatic insufficiency and to compare it with that of other pancreatic secretory proteins. PATIENTS 170 patients (93 with CF, 55 controls, and 22 with chronic pancreatitis) were studied. METHODS Reg protein was measured using a specific enzyme immunoassay and its molecular form in CF sera was characterised by gel filtration. Molecular gene expression was investigated by dot-blot hybridisation. RESULTS Reg protein was present in all CF sera studied from patients with or without pancreatic insufficiency, and in all cases the level was significantly higher than in controls. Its chromatographic behaviour in CF sera was identical with that of the protein present in normal serum. No correlation was found between the levels of Reg protein and trypsin(ogen) (or lipase) in CF, nor in control sera or normal pancreatic juice. Molecular gene expression of the corresponding proteins investigated in pancreatic tissues showed an absence of correlation between the mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Reg protein may not be a secretory exocrine protein like the digestive enzymes but rather a hormone-like secretory substance with an endocrine or paracrine function.
Dendritic Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cell Activation and Epithelial Injury in Experimental Biliary Atresia
Authors: Vijay Saxena, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Gregg Sabla, Reena Mourya, Claire Chougnet, Jorge A. Bezerra
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells both contribute to natural killer cell activation and epithelial tissue injury in a mouse model of biliary atresia.
In Defense of Doctors
Authors: Robert A. Fischl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Who has become the most important person in the practice of medicine aside from the doctor and his patient? Not the patient's relatives, not the nurse, not the technician. It's the lawyer. The inescapable fact is that the legal profession has encroached into the practice of medicine. Now let us examine whether the interposition of lawyers in the practice of medicine has made the care of patients better or worse. The other day I saw a patient in the office who had a mole that she wished to have removed. I listened to her, examined her, wrote down all the . . .
Row brews over Italian abortion proposals
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Ultra-Catholic politicians in Italy have clashed with men and women across the political spectrum after a member of Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia party suggested the country's cash strapped health service could save money by allowing women only one free abortion, after which they should be made to pay.

Senator Antonio Gentile's proposal was initially regarded as outlandish and unlikely to gain ground. But then the health minister, Girolamo Sirchia, told the country's biggest selling daily paper, Corriere della Sera , that “abortion is, in substance, murder” and suggested that …
Oxalate transport by anion exchange across rabbit ileal brush border.
Authors: R G Knickelbein, P S Aronson, J W Dobbins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

This study demonstrates the presence of oxalate transporters on the brush border membrane of rabbit ileum. We found that an inside alkaline (pH = 8.5 inside, 6.5 outside) pH gradient stimulated [14C]oxalate uptake 10-fold at 1 min with a fourfold accumulation above equilibrated uptake at 5 min. 1 mM 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (disodium salt; DIDS) profoundly inhibited the pH-gradient stimulated oxalate uptake. Using an inwardly directed K+ gradient and valinomycin, we found no evidence for potential sensitive oxalate uptake. In contrast to Cl:HCO3 exchange, HCO3 did not stimulate oxalate uptake more than was seen with a pH gradient in the absence of HCO3. An outwardly directed Cl gradient (50 mM inside, 5 mM outside) stimulated oxalate uptake 10-fold at 1 min with a fivefold accumulation above equilibrated uptake. Cl-stimulated oxalate uptake was largely inhibited by DIDS. Addition of K+ and nigericin only slightly decreased the Cl gradient-stimulated oxalate uptake, which indicates that this stimulation was not primarily due to the Cl gradient generating an inside alkaline pH gradient via Cl:OH exchange. Further, an outwardly directed oxalate gradient stimulated 36Cl uptake. These results suggested that both oxalate:OH and oxalate:Cl exchange occur on the brush border membrane. To determine if one or both of these exchanges were on contaminating basolateral membrane, the vesicle preparation was further fractionated into a brush border and basolateral component using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Both exchangers localized to the brush border component. A number of organic anions were examined (outwardly directed gradient) to determine if they could stimulate oxalate and Cl uptake. Only formate and oxaloacetate were found to stimulate oxalate and Cl uptake. An inwardly directed Na gradient only slightly stimulated oxalate uptake, which was inhibited by DIDS.
Sample size and power for comparing two or more treatment groups in clinical trials.
Authors: S. J. Day, D. F. Graham
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Methods for determining sample size and power when comparing two groups in clinical trials are widely available. Studies comparing three or more treatments are not uncommon but are more difficult to analyse. A linear nomogram was devised to help calculate the sample size required when comparing up to five parallel groups. It may also be used retrospectively to determine the power of a study of given sample size. In two worked examples the nomogram was efficient. Although the nomogram offers only 5% and 1% significance levels and can be used only for up to five treatment groups, this is sufficient for most researchers.
Use of Ecotoxicological Tools to Evaluate the Health of New Bedford Harbor Sediments: A Microbial Biomarker Approach
Authors: Timothy Ford, Jenny Jay, Anand Patel, Molly Kile, Phanida Prommasith, Tamara Galloway, Ross Sanger, Karen Smith, Mike Depledge
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

We have been investigating microbial communities in sediments from New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts, USA, for a number of years. NBH is a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency–designated Superfund site heavily contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. Microorganisms are thought to contribute to the fate and distribution of contaminants in NBH through a variety of mechanisms, including direct transformations and formation of soluble and insoluble species. Our more recent research has focused on changes in microbial community structure and function in response to exposure to toxic contaminants, with the ultimate goal of using microbes as ecotoxicological tools. Microbial diversity, as measured by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis, changes along pollution gradients, with an apparent increase in diversity at the most contaminated sites, concomitant with an increase in genetic relatedness. Current work on microbial communities examines the presence of arsenic-resistance genes in NBH isolates. In collaboration with the Plymouth Environmental Research Center, Plymouth University, United Kingdom, we have also used more conventional ecotoxicological approaches to examine the health of the NBH biota.
EXPLOSIBILITY OF ETHYLENE MIXTURES
Authors: W. EASSON BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

At the time that I first reported on ethylene as an anesthetic, I pointed out that ethylene mixed with air would explode in the presence of a free flame or thermocautery, just as would ether, and that this consideration would limit its use. Since that time there has arisen a widespread feeling that there existed a great danger of its exploding spontaneously or owing to a static spark. This feeling seems to have been encouraged by certain advertising literature. That there might be some definite information on this subject, a number of experiments were done in the department of pharmacology at the University of Toronto. There are four places in which ethylene might conceivably explode: (1) while compressed in the cylinder; (2) after emerging from the cylinder; (3) from the mixing chamber to the patient, while mixed with oxygen; (4) when allowed to escape into the air through the spill
Mortality in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A 10-Year Review
Authors: P. H. Feng, P. S. Cheah, Y. K. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1973)

During the years 1963-72 33 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) died. Of these 30 case records were available for analysis. For the same period 167 patients with S.L.E. were admitted. It was ascertained that of the 30 deaths 22 were directly attributable to the disease itself and 8 were related to complications of therapy. The three commonest causes of death were neurological involvement (11 patients), renal failure (9 patients), and infection (8 patients).
Insulin-loaded PLGA/cyclodextrin large porous particles with improved aerosolization properties: In vivo deposition and hypoglycaemic activity after delivery to rat lungs
Authors: Francesca Ungaro, Roberta d'Emmanuele di Villa Bianca, Concetta Giovino, Agnese Miro, Raffaella Sorrentino, Fabiana Quaglia, Maria Immacolata La Rotonda
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
ACTIVATED PLATELET SUPERNATANT CAN AUGMENT THE ANGIOGENIC POTENTIAL OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELLS IN STEM CELL-BASED THERAPY
Authors: Jeehoon Kang, Jin Hur, Jin-A Kang, Si-Hyuck Kang, Woo-Hyun Lim, Jung-kyu Han, Han-Mo Yang, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ophthalmoplegia and Slurred Speech in an Intravenous Drug User
Authors: Jaime Vera, Anke Hensiek, Charles Woodrow, Francesca Crawley, Sanjeev Krishna
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

A 35-year-old heroin user presented with acute, progressive diplopia and slurred speech. Krishna and colleagues discuss the diagnosis and management of this patient.
Endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) expression in cutaneous inflammation
Authors: R. W. GROVES, M. H. ALLEN, J. N. W. N. BARKER, D. O. HASKARD, D. M. MACDONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) is a recently described endothelial surface glycoprotein which is inducible by interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using an immunohistochemical technique and a monoclonal antibody (1.2B6) specific for ELAM-1 we have found marked vascular endothelial expression of ELAM-1 in many cutaneous inflammatory disorders, including allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, and in dermal infiltrates associated with benign, premalignant and malignant keratinocyte proliferation. In normal skin, minimal levels of ELAM-1 expression were detected. In psoriasis, double-immunoenzyme staining studies revealed a close spatial relationship between ELAM-1 expression and neutrophil margination, suggesting a functional link. Recombinant human interferon-gamma (30 micrograms) injected intradermally in normal adult human volunteers did not substantially upregulate ELAM-1 in contrast to its marked effect on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, indicating that this cytokine is probably not involved in ELAM-1 induction in vivo. These results indicate that ELAM-1 is widely induced in cutaneous inflammation with a time course of expression that is longer than that observed in vitro. As ELAM-1 acts as an adhesion ligand for neutrophils, and perhaps monocytes, the expression of this molecule in cutaneous lesions is likely to be an indication of the ability of vascular endothelium to recruit these cells from the circulation. Furthermore, the cytokine inducibility of ELAM-1 is indirect evidence for functional interactions between perivascular mononuclear cells, other resident cells and the blood vessel wall.
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TRIPLE ANTIPLATELET THERAPY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI) IN J-CYPHER REGISTRY.
Authors: Tetsushi Nakao, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Satoshi Shizuta, Toshihiro Tamura, Takahiro Doi, Kazuaki Mitsudo, None on behalf of the j-Cypher Registry Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Genetic Screening for the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Valeriya Lyssenko, Markku Laakso
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes, representing >90% of all cases of diabetes, are increasing rapidly throughout the world. The International Diabetes Federation has estimated that the number of people with diabetes is expected to rise from 366 million in 2011 to 552 million by 2030 if no urgent action is taken. Furthermore, as many as 183 million people are unaware that they have diabetes (www.idf.org). Therefore, the identification of individuals at high risk of developing diabetes is of great importance and interest for investigators and health care providers.

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disorder resulting from an interaction between genes and environment. Several risk factors for type 2 diabetes have been identified, including age, sex, obesity and central obesity, low physical activity, smoking, diet including low amount of fiber and high amount of saturated fat, ethnicity, family history, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, history of the nondiabetic elevation of fasting or 2-h glucose, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and different drug treatments (diuretics, unselected β-blockers, etc.) (1–3).

There is also ample evidence that type 2 diabetes has a strong genetic basis. The concordance of type 2 diabetes in monozygotic twins is ~70% compared with 20–30% in dizygotic twins (4). The lifetime risk of developing the disease is ~40% in offspring of one parent with type 2 diabetes, greater if the mother is affected (5), and approaching 70% if both parents have diabetes. In prospective studies, we have demonstrated that first-degree family history is associated with twofold increased risk of future type 2 diabetes (1,6). The challenge has been to find genetic markers that explain the excess risk associated with family history of diabetes.

Advances in genotyping technology during the last 5 years have facilitated rapid progress in large-scale genetic studies. Since 2007, …
Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus: a complex diagnosis
Authors: F. Macias-Garcia, L. Martinez-Lesquereux, B. Fernandez, P. Parada, J. Larino-Noia, M. Sobrino-Faya, J. Iglesias-Canle, J. Iglesias-Garcia, J. Forteza, J. Dominguez-Munoz
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

We present the case of a 71-year-old woman with complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease with a peptic stricture located 30 cm from the incisors. There was no history of caustic ingestion or alcohol, or use of tobacco. Following four attempts at endoscopic dilation, a self-expanding, removable plastic stent had been placed previously. After 4 months of the placement of the stent, the patient experienced progressive dysphagia, retrosternal pain, and hematemesis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed clots in the esophageal lumen. After stent removal, an exophytic mass causing partial stenosis was identified in the mid-esophagus ([Fig. 1]). Histological evaluation revealed only inflammatory changes. Endoscopic ultrasound showed invasion through the muscularis propria, with a nonspecific paraesophageal lymph node. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was also negative for malignancy. Thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) showed no distant lesions.
Abstract 1663: Mapping genes that predict treatment outcome in admixed populations
Authors: Tesfaye Mersha Baye, Russell A. Wilke
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There is great interest in characterizing the genetic architecture underlying drug response. For many drugs, gene-based dosing models explain a considerable amount of the overall variation in treatment outcome. As such, prescription drug labels are increasingly being modified to contain pharmacogenetic information. Genetic data must, however, be interpreted within the context of relevant clinical covariates. Even the most predictive models improve with the addition of data related to biogeographical ancestry in admixed population. Admixture influences populations in a manner different from geographic race or cultural ethnicity. When two genetically distinct populations interbreed, a set of unique relationships are created among sets of variants across the genome. This phenomenon results in the formation of long segments of DNA with distinguishable ancestral origins. Risk alleles carried within these segments can influence treatment outcome in a variety of contexts. As the scientific community moves toward characterization of outcome in diverse cohorts with DNA biobanks linked to comprehensive electronic medical records, a great need exists for the development of flexible, robust analytical strategies that leverage admixture to optimize the study of pharmacogenomics. We presented analytical strategies to develop ancestry informative marker (AIM) that leverage population structure to more fully characterize genetic determinants of outcome in large clinical practice-based admixed cohorts. Keywords: Admixture, ancestry, Ancestry Informative Markers, AIMs, admixture mapping, ancestry, biobank, database, pharmacogenetics Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1663. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1663
Refocusing Support and Direction
Authors: Dennis K. Wentz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The single best word to describe continuing medical education (CME) in the first year of the new decade is "change." Between June 1990 and June 1991, developments were made in the way CME was used in the credentialing of physicians, in the way CME was focused toward physicians' goals, and in the way CME was supported commercially. Also, new developments in the American Medical Association's (AMA's) Physician's Recognition Award (PRA) are changing the type of CME available to physicians and the programs that will be provided to them in the 1990s. <h3>NEW GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL SUPPORT OF CME</h3> Major support for CME has been provided for many years by the pharmaceutical, medical device, and medical equipment industries. Generally, the education has been of excellent quality and has been a welcome addition to CME offerings; however, concern has been growing about the appropriateness of certain kinds of gifts that these industries
Role of neutrophil elastase in hypersecretion in asthma
Authors: J.A. Nadel, K. Takeyama, C Agustí
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Goblet cell (GC) hyperplasia and mucous plugging are common in patients with acute asthma. These patients also show neutrophil recruitment into the airways. Neutrophils contain elastase, a potent secretagogue in airways. Therefore, it was reasoned that neutrophil recruitment, by releasing elastase, could result in GC hypersecretion. When neutrophil chemoattractants were instilled in the airways of guinea-pigs, time-dependent neutrophil recruitment and GC degranulation occurred. An inhibitor of leukocyte infiltration (NPC15669) prevented both responses, implicating neutrophils. An inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (ICI 200,355) abolished GC degranulation, implicating elastase. Further studies implicate movement of elastase from cytoplasmic granules to the neutrophil surface, and they suggest a role for adhesion molecules on neutrophils and on GCs in neutrophil-dependent GC degranulation. Similarly, instillation of ovalbumin (OVA) into airways of OVA-sensitized guinea-pigs caused early recruitment of neutrophils and GC degranulation. GC degranulation was prevented by pretreatment with NPC15669 or ICI 200,355. These results implicate neutrophil release of elastase in allergen-induced hypersecretion. The results suggest a mechanism for the mucous plugging that occurs in acute asthma; prevention of neutrophil recruitment, prevention of neutrophil-GC adhesion, or inhibition of elastase activity could provide effective therapy for this serious pathophysiological abnormality.
RANGE OF PSYCHIATRIC MATERIAL WITHIN THE STATE SCHOOL
Authors: EDWARD J. HUMPHREYS, SUZANNE HOWE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

The cases so briefly cited above represent only a few of the endless variations in personally and character found within the state school. It may be said that clinical study of the mentally defective in state schools reveals one series of psychiatric disorders and the study of patients within the state hospital another series. These series of psychiatric disorders frequently overlap. The psychiatrist in the state school is faced with the necessity of developing large scale or selective group therapy as well as individual therapy for individuals with subnormal intelligence(10). The psychiatrist must deal not only with defects in intelligence but also with defects in conation, feeling, emotion, temperament and character(II). With the familial types, psychiatric therapy has to be directed distinctly along social and eugenical lines in reference to the individual and to the group. With disorders due to specific genetic, metabolic, traumatic or infectional factors, psychiatric therapy must be related more directly toward the individual. Psychiatric therapy for the psychotic defective is often times a matter of hospital attention. Psychotherapy for the psychoneurotic defective, or for the psychopathic defective, may be a matter of institutionalization or of intensive individual attention. Psychotherapy for the behavior disorders of childhood as found in defectives should include formally organized psychiatric or mental hygiene services within both the institution and the community. The large numbers of subnormal individuals within the community-at-large, considered especially in relation to the present-day social pressures, call for increased attention to the psychiatric needs of the subnormal groups—whether within the institution or within the community.
Objects to Animal Extracts.
Authors: Albert Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Clinton, Iowa, Sept. 12,1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the issue of August 25, appears an advertisement of the Columbian Chemical Company setting forth the virtues of "Ovarine," presumably an extract of pigs' ovaries, with quotations from Professor Hammond and others, having reference to the healing qualities of animal extracts in general, and this one in particular. Then follows a letter from E. Houston, M.D., who has boldly put "a highly intelligent lady, aged 26 (presumably married) on ovarine as a steady diet, which he proposes to "continue till she becomes pregnant," when he promises to report further. In the same issue, Armour &amp; Company offer to send to any member of the profession samples of desiccated thyroids which the enterprising firm claim has produced most gratifying results. Then follows some unscientific and misleading statements asserted to have been made by Prof. Solomon Solis-Cohen. I would suggest to the Columbian Chemical
Preoperative Taxane-Based Chemotherapy and Celecoxib for Carcinoma of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction: Results of a Phase 2 Trial
Authors: Nasser K. Altorki, Paul Christos, Jeff L. Port, Paul C. Lee, Farooq Mirza, Cathy Spinelli, Roger Keresztes, Debra Beneck, Subroto Paul, Brendon M. Stiles, Yuwei Zhang, David S. Schrump
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)