tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uptake and impact of a new live attenuated influenza vaccine programme in England: early results of a pilot in primary school-age children, 2013/14 influenza season
Authors: R Pebody, H Green, N Andrews, H Zhao, N Boddington, Z Bawa, H Durnall, N Singh, A Sunderland, L Letley, J Ellis, A Elliot, M Donati, G Smith, S de Lusignan, M Zambon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

As part of the introduction and roll-out of a universal childhood live-attenuated influenza vaccination programme, 4-11 year-olds were vaccinated in seven pilot areas in England in the 2013/14 influenza season. This paper presents the uptake and impact of the programme for a range of disease indicators. End-of-season uptake was defined as the number of children in the target population who received at least one dose of influenza vaccine. Between week 40 2013 and week 15 2014, cumulative disease incidence per 100,000 population (general practitioner consultations for influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalisations), cumulative influenza swab positivity in primary and secondary care and cumulative proportion of emergency department respiratory attendances were calculated. Indicators were compared overall and by age group between pilot and non-pilot areas. Direct impact was defined as reduction in cumulative incidence based on residence in pilot relative to non-pilot areas in 4-11 year-olds. Indirect impact was reduction between pilot and non-pilot areas in <4 year-olds and >11 year-olds. Overall vaccine uptake of 52.5% (104,792/199,475) was achieved. Although influenza activity was low, a consistent, though not statistically significant, decrease in cumulative disease incidence and influenza positivity across different indicators was seen in pilot relative to non-pilot areas in both targeted and non-targeted age groups, except in older age groups, where no difference was observed for secondary care indicators. .
Acetazolamide in Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: B. Ansell, E. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1956)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Traumatic hip dislocations (THD) are uncommon in children. They constitute true emergencies because unrecognised THD leads to avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. This review presents the evidence for best practice for the diagnosis and treatment of THD in the emergency department (ED) of children under the age of 7 years. <h3>Methods</h3> Searches for the period 2002–2012 were performed in PubMED, Cochrane database, EMBASE, Google Scholar and hand search. <h3>Results</h3> Twenty-five case reports and case series articles were identified, 53 described children with acute and 23 with neglected THD. Overall, 42 (55%) were male and 73 (96%) sustained a posterior dislocation. Forty-eight (63%) had THD following a low-energy trauma. Eight (11%) reported associated injuries. Twenty-one (39.6%) acute dislocations were reduced in the ED without complications. AVN was identified in 3 (5.7%) children, who underwent reduction ≥10 h after dislocation. Redislocation occurred in 3 (5.7%) children and coxa magna developed in 5 (9.4%). Long-term functional outcome of 42 patients resulted in full recovery, and it was fair to good in 3 (including 2 children with AVN). All neglected cases (≥4 weeks from trauma) needed open reduction in the operating room (OR). AVN was identified in 11 children (47.8%). Hip function was completely recovered in 16 (70%) patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> THD in this age group mainly occurs with low-energy trauma and leads to posterior dislocations. Urgent closed reduction of acute cases are done in the OR, or the ED. ED reduction appears to be safe. Neglected THDs need open reduction.
Abdominal Binding During CPR
Authors: Sam Lerman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to comment on the article entitled "Abdominal Binding During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Man" (1981;246:351). I have done similar experimental trials of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in dogs with airway ventilating pressures (80 mm Hg) while protecting the lungs from overexpansion with a tight thoracoabdominal binder. I found much simpler and faster was the use of one or two 22.6-kg sandbags. The results of Chandra et al indicate that this addition is a notable improvement over conventional CPR, since it prevents intrathoracic pressure from being dissipated on forcing down the diaphragm and protruding the abdomen. However, I found the high airway pressure not useful, since this required a high pressure in the cuff of the endotracheal tube, and this will probably damage the trachea. Nevertheless, normal airway resistance is sufficient to maintain effective pressure on the pulmonary blood pool during the half-second of chest compression. The 30-sq
Ethical and Legal Problems in Medical Participation in Criminal Investigations
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A recent court decision concerning criminal investigational methods has raised, though quite indirectly, serious questions concerning medical participation in such practices. Officers for the California Bureau of Narcotic Enforcement lawfully procured a search warrant authorizing the search of the defendant's home, her automobile, and her person. When they went to apprehend her, she was seen to swallow two balloons and then, in two more quick hand movements, to swallow some other objects, probably also balloons. The investigators thought she had probably swallowed heroin illegally possessed, the criminal activity to which the warrants were primarily addressed. After a struggle, the woman . . .
SURVIVAL AND MULTIPLICATION OF THE VIRUS OF POLIOMYELITIS IN VITRO
Authors: P. H. Long, P. K. Olitsky, C. P. Rhoads
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The study here reported concerns attempts at bacteriological cultivations with fragments of brain or cord, or with Berkefeld V filtrates of the nervous tissues, from seven monkeys successfully inoculated with poliomyelitic virus. With these materials, 315 tubes were inoculated, of which thirty-six showed minute bodies resembling the globoid bodies described by Flexner and Noguchi. However, a study of subplants from these minute, morphological particles did not convince us that we had in hand actual cultures of the globoid bodies, or indeed of any living microorganism. Nevertheless, when washed sediments from subplants of one of the strains, representing the seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth transfers, were inoculated into monkeys, the clinical signs and pathological effects characteristic of experimental poliomyelitis could be induced. The virulence of the "cultures" could not be ascribed to carrying over the original material into these remote subplants since the seventh transfer represented a dilution of the original cultivated material to about 1.5 x 10–12, and the tenth, to about 1.3 x 10–18 if one assume, as the transfer technic justifies, a thorough mixing of the contents of each tube. On the contrary, it appears as if the poliomyelitic virus had multiplied in vitro, and had increased as a consequence of being in a medium of a modified living tissue-cell culture. For in practically all specimens we observed many well-preserved kidney tissue cells and leucocytes, the latter probably derived from human ascitic fluid, a component of the Smith-Noguchi medium. In this connection, it should be mentioned that the several lots of ascitic fluid used in the cultivation tests were recently obtained from patients and employed from a week to a month after their collection. There remains for consideration the problem of the selective pathogenicity of the "cultures:" only the material of those tubes of the ninth and tenth transfers which showed the "globoid bodies" proved pathogenic; those respective tubes of the same transfers which were free from the minute bodies but apparently identical in all other respects, were avirulent. It may be that the virus was adsorbed to the particular bodies which we have found in the "cultures" and which resemble closely the globoid bodies of Flexner and Noguchi. Further elaboration of this study would be necessary, however, before such an inference could be regarded as a definite hypothesis.
Hairy Cells in Long-Term Cultures
Authors: JOSEPH G. SINKOVICS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments1 October 1976Hairy Cells in Long-Term CulturesJOSEPH G. SINKOVICS, M.D., F.A.C.P., FERENC GYÖRKEY, M.D., PHYLLIS GYÖRKEY, B.S., CHIU-HWA WANG, M.D.JOSEPH G. SINKOVICS, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, FERENC GYÖRKEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PHYLLIS GYÖRKEY, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, CHIU-HWA WANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-4-532 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The derivation of hairy cells is unsettled because arguments can be put forward for both monocytic and lymphocytic origins. In a recent report (1), lymphocytic derivation of hairy cells was suggested on the basis of short term in-vitro cultures of these cells. However, established long-term cultures of hairy cells are available (2), and these cells behave like lymphoid cells of B lineage. These cells stain for surface immunoglobulin IgG, are positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and contain herpes virus particles resembling those of the Epstein-Barr virus (Figure 1A). In addition, these cells have unusually long and numerous...References1. GOLDE D, QUAN S, and CLINE M: Hairy cell leukemia: in-vitro culture studies. Ann Intern Med 85:78-79, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SINKOVICS J, WANG C, and GYÖRKEY F: Hairy cells in culture. Lancet 1:749-750, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PEDIO G, RUTTNER J, and SPYCHER M: Virus-bearing plasma cells in peripheral blood of a patient with "hairy cell" leukemia. Acta Haematol 54:297-305, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WANG C, SINKOVICS J, and KAY H: Growth of permanent lymphoid cell cultures from human source: tenth anniversary. Tex Rep Biol Med 33:213-250, 1975 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSEPH G. SINKOVICS, M.D., F.A.C.P.; FERENC GYÖRKEY, M.D.; PHYLLIS GYÖRKEY, B.S.; CHIU-HWA WANG, M.D.Affiliations: The University of Texas System Cancer Center, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Veterans Administration Hospital Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byContradictory concepts in the etiology and regression of kaposi’s sarcomaKlinik der malignen LymphomeHaarzell-LeukämieReferencesCultured "Hairy Cells" Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus: Evidence for B-Lymphocyte OriginSTANLEY M. LEMON, M.D., JOSEPH S. PAGANO, M.D., PETER D. UTSINGER, M.D., JOSEPH G. SINKOVICS, M.D. 1 October 1976Volume 85, Issue 4Page: 532-533KeywordsAcid phosphataseCellsEpstein-Barr virusLymphocytes ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
Waiting lists out, booking systems in
Authors: R G Faber
Journal: BMJ (1991)

the large bowel and found that they did not give rise to malignancies.'At Baragwanath Hospital, colonoscopy studies (over 100 a year) confirm absence of polyps; the colons even of elderly black patients have the same appearance and elasticity as those of young white patients.8Conceivably, any population subsisting on a diet high in foods containing fibre could be similarly protected.In the early 1.800s rural Scots ate oat porridge three times a day, seven days a week, with a thick vegetable soup at night.9In England, rural farm workers consumed a huge amount of bread, several times our present consumption,'0 but virtually all were active physically.Perhaps their gastrointestinal tracts resembled those of rural Africans in their lesser proneness to disease.Present dietary guidelines, however vehemently urged, will never cause the gastrointestinal tract to revert to its pattern in former times.
Bidirectional cross-regulation between the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and β-catenin signalling pathways
Authors: Christina M. Warboys, Nan Chen, Qiuping Zhang, Yasin Shaifta, Genevieve Vanderslott, Gabriella Passacquale, Yanhua Hu, Qingbo Xu, Jeremy P.T. Ward, Albert Ferro
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Aimsβ-catenin has been shown to be regulated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in endothelial cells. We investigated here whether β-catenin interacts with and regulates endothelial NOS (eNOS) and whether eNOS activation promotes β-catenin signalling.
Fleecing the Taxpayer to Develop a Fire-Safe Cigarette-Reply
Authors: Jeffrey R. Botkin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Popp is certainly correct that the number of deaths from cigarette-related fires is small compared with the number of deaths from other smoking-related diseases. His point is also well-taken that the federal government has done too little in the past to combat smoking itself, which is obviously the primary cause of all cigaretterelated morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, the problems created by the use of cigarettes are complex. There are difficult issues of personal freedom, nicotine addiction, and political power, among others, that suggest a "smoke-free society" will not be achieved easily or soon. In the meantime, an allocation of approximately $3 million for research to reduce the death toll from fire by 1500 individuals per year and to prevent serious burn injuries to an additional 7000 individuals per year is an excellent investment. A brief visit to any burn unit should convince Dr Popp that these are
Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy on serial magnetic resonance imaging in an initially symptom free subject at risk of familial prion disease
Authors: N C Fox, P A Freeborough, K F Mekkaoui, J M Stevens, M N Rossor
Journal: BMJ (1997)

register.This is fewer than would be expected from the local prevalence (47.1 per 10 000) and may reflect variations in prevalence within the boundaries of the local authority. 3 The proportion of children with one positive indicator of risk remained constant at 40% (543 children in the first audit; 392 in the second), as did the proportion of those with two (4%; 50 and 40 children respectively), and more than two (0.1%; 2 and 1).
Topical treatment of erectile dysfunction did not show results
Authors: J H Naude, P J Le Roux
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Objective</h3> Early diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) is key to achieving effective treatment and improved prognosis. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to major changes in clinical practice on a global scale. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rheumatological clinical practices and autoimmunity testing demands. <h3>Methods</h3> Data regarding first rheumatological visits and new diagnosis together with the autoimmunity laboratory testing volumes related to COVID-19 pandemic phase (January- December 2020), were collected from medical records and laboratory information system (LIS) of a regional reference hospital (Basilicata, Italy) and compared with those obtained during the corresponding period in 2019. <h3>Results</h3> A significant decrease in the 2020 autoimmunity laboratory test volume was found when compared with the same period in 2019 (9912 vs 14100, p&lt;0.05). A significant decrease in first rheumatological visits and diagnosis (1272 vs 2336, p&lt;0.05) was also observed. However, an equivalent or higher percentage of positive autoimmunity results from outpatients services were recorded during 2020 when compared to pre-pandemic state. Of note, COVID- 19 associated decline in new diagnosis mainly affected less severe diseases. In contrast, ARD with systemic involvement were diagnosed at the same levels as the pre-pandemic period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the access to health services. However, our study highlighted that during the outbreak, greater appropriateness of the requests of laboratory test and visits emerged as shown by a greater percentage of positive testing results and new diagnosis of more severe ARD compared to pre-pandemic period.
Change in Coronary Flow Reserve on Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography after a Single High-Fat Meal in Young Healthy Men
Authors: Takeshi Hozumi, Marc Eisenberg, Kenichi Sugioka, Aravind R. Kokkirala, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Masakazu Teragaki, Junichi Yoshikawa, Shunichi Homma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: High-fat meals and elevated triglyceride levels are associated with cardiovascular disease. In recent studies of brachial artery vasoactivity, a single high-fat meal reduced endothelial function in young healthy men. It is unknown whether coronary microcirculation is affected after high-fat meals. Objective: To evaluate change in coronary flow reserve after a single high-fat meal. Design: Controlled interventional study. Setting: University hospitals. Patients: 15 young healthy men (mean age [±SD], 29 ± 4 years). Intervention: Coronary flow reserve was determined by using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography before and after consumption of a high-fat meal in all 15 men and before and after consumption of a low-fat meal in 5 of 15 men. Measurements: Coronary flow reserve, lipid levels, and hemodynamic characteristics. Results: In all men, triglyceride levels increased significantly from baseline 5 hours after the high-fat meal, from 1.1 mmol/L to 2.8 mmol/L (100 mg/dL to 250 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). Average coronary flow reserve was 4.02 before and 3.30 5 hours after the high-fat meal (decrease, 18% [95% CI, 13% to 23%]). In the 5 men who received both meals, mean coronary flow reserve decreased by 0.79 after the high-fat meal and increased by 0.07 after the low-fat meal (difference, −0.86 [CI, −1.36 to −0.37]; P = 0.03). Mean triglyceride levels increased by 1.6 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) after the high-fat meal and 0.1 mmol/L (10 mg/dL) after the low-fat meal (difference, 1.5 mmol/L [CI, 0.3 to 2.7 mmol/L], 130 mg/dL [CI, 23 to 236 mg/dL]; P = 0.03). Conclusions: Coronary flow reserve decreased after a single high-fat meal in young healthy men. High-fat meals may be detrimental to coronary microcirculation.
Lupus-prone mice as models to study xenobiotic-induced acceleration of systemic autoimmunity.
Authors: K M Pollard, D L Pearson, P Hultman, B Hildebrandt, D H Kono
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The linkage between xenobiotic exposures and autoimmune diseases remains to be clearly defined. However, recent studies have raised the possibility that both genetic and environmental factors act synergistically at several stages or checkpoints to influence disease pathogenesis in susceptible populations. These observations predict that individuals susceptible to spontaneous autoimmunity should be more susceptible following xenobiotic exposure by virtue of the presence of predisposing background genes. To test this possibility, mouse strains with differing genetic susceptibility to murine lupus were examined for acceleration of autoimmune features characteristic of spontaneous systemic autoimmune disease following exposure to the immunostimulatory metals nickel and mercury. Although NiCl(2) exposure did not exacerbate autoimmunity, HgCl(2) significantly accelerated systemic disease in a strain-dependent manner. Mercury-exposed (NZB X NZW)F1 mice had accelerated lymphoid hyperplasia, hypergammaglobulinemia, autoantibodies, and immune complex deposits. Mercury also exacerbated immunopathologic manifestations in MRL+/+ and MR -lpr mice. However, there was less disease acceleration in lpr mice compared with MRL+/+ mice, likely due to the fact that environmental factors are less critical for disease induction when there is strong genetic susceptibility. Non-major histocompatibility complex genes also contributed to mercury-exacerbated disease, as the nonautoimmune AKR mice, which are H-2 identical with the MRL, showed less immunopathology than either the MRL/lpr or MRL+/+ strains. This study demonstrates that genetic susceptibility to spontaneous systemic autoimmunity can be a predisposing factor for HgCl(2)-induced exacerbation of autoimmunity. Such genetic predisposition may have to be considered when assessing the immunotoxicity of xenobiotics. Additional comparative studies using autoimmune-prone and nonautoimmune mice strains with different genetic backgrounds will help determine the contribution that xenobiotic exposure makes in rendering sensitive populations susceptible to autoimmune diseases.
Hodgkin's disease and pemphigus
Authors: ANNE NAYSMITH, B.W. HANCOCK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Hodgkin's disease and pemphigus Get access ANNE NAYSMITH, ANNE NAYSMITH University Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Sheffield S1 3SR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.W. HANCOCK B.W. HANCOCK University Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Sheffield S1 3SR Dr B.W. Hancockj University Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Sheffield Si 3SR. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 6, 1 June 1976, Pages 695–696, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb05170.x Published: 01 June 1976
Asbestos Bodies in Human Lungs at Autopsy
Authors: Dzidra Cauna
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The incidence of asbestos bodies in the lungs was investigated in 100 autopsies of adults. Lung smears were taken from the sectioned surfaces of the upper and lower lobes of both lungs. The slides were dried and mounted without staining, and approximately 400 low-power fields were examined in each slide. Routine histological sections of unexpanded lungs were also examined in all cases. Asbestos bodies were found in 41% of the subjects. They were not encountered in persons up to 24 years of age. Among males the incidence was 47%, and in females 34%. Although significant microscopic pulmonary fibrosis was encountered in two positive cases, no instance of classical asbestosis was found. Mesothelioma of the pleura was not encountered. Primary lung carcinoma occurred in one patient with asbestos bodies and in one without.