tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of humoral trophic factors involved in intestinal adaptation using a 3T3 cell growth factor assay.
Authors: J A Biller, R K Montgomery, R J Grand, M Klagsbrun, A Rosenthal
Journal: Gut (1987)

<h3>Aim</h3> Angina pectoris in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is common and is associated with poor quality of life (QOL). Coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with myocardial ischaemia and is a common cause of angina. We hypothesise that evaluation of coronary endothelial function, its diagnosis and treatment will favourably impact QOL in patients with angina symptoms and non-obstructive CAD. <h3>Methods and results</h3> Follow-up was done on 457 patients with chest pain and non-obstructive coronary arteries who had undergone coronary vascular reactivity evaluation by administration of intracoronary acetylcholine at the time of diagnostic study. After a mean follow-up of 8.4±4.7 years, QOL was assessed by administration of the SF-36 QOL survey. Patients diagnosed and treated for microvascular endothelial dysfunction had a higher (better) overall mental composite score (44.8 vs 40.9, p=0.036) and mental health score (44.2 vs 40.7, p=0.047), and a trend towards higher vitality scores (39.1 vs 35.9, p=0.053) and role emotional scores (43.6 vs 40.4, p=0.073), compared with patients with normal endothelial function. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Among patients with chest pain and normal coronaries, diagnosis and treatment of coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in those with angina pectoris and non-obstructive CAD are associated with better QOL compared with patients with normal endothelial function.
Endogenous peroxidases: a morphological and functional marker to study inflammatory skin diseases
Authors: L. DUBERTRET, B. BERTAUX, M. FOSSE, R. TOURAINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

The visualization of peroxidase positive lysosomes by diaminobenzidine plus H2O2 allowed easy identification of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and young tissue macrophages in 0.2 micrometer to 0.5 micrometer skin plastic sections of large surface area. Evaluation of the lysosomal functions of these phagocytic cells was greatly improved by the possibility of correlating observations on the same cell at light and electron microscopic levels.
Comparison of allergen-induced changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation between mildly allergic asthma patients and allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: M. J. Alvarez, J. M. Olaguibel, B. E. Garcia, A. I. Tabar, E. Urbiola
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Bronchial eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) are the main features of allergic asthma (AA), but they have also been demonstrated in allergic rhinitis (AR), suggesting a continuity between both diseases. In spite of not fully reproducing natural allergenic exposure, the allergen bronchial provocation test (A‐BPT) has provided important knowledge of the pathophysiology of AA. Our aim was to verify the existence of a behavior of AA and AR airways different from the allergen bronchial challenge‐induced airway eosinophilic inflammation and BHR changes. We studied a group of 31 mild and short‐evolution AA and 15 AR patients, sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus . The A‐BPT was performed with a partially biologically standardized D. pteronyssinus extract, and known quantities of Der p 1 were inhaled. Peripheral blood (eosinophils and ECP) and induced sputum (percentage cell counts, ECP, albumin, tryptase, and interleukin [IL]‐5) were analyzed, before and 24 h after A‐BPT. Methacholine BHR, assessed before and 32 h after the A‐BPT, was defined by M‐PD 20 values and, when possible, by maximal response plateau (MRP). The A‐BPT was well tolerated by all the patients. AA presented a lower Der p 1 PD 20 and a higher occurrence of late‐phase responses (LPR). M‐PD 20 values decreased in AA, but not in AR, patients. MRP values increased in both groups. Eosinophils numbers and ECP levels increased in blood and sputum from both AA and AR, but only the absolute increment of sputum ECP levels was higher in AA than AR patients ( P =0.025). The A‐BPT induced no change in sputum albumin, tryptase, or IL‐5 values. We conclude as follows: In spite of presenting a lower degree of bronchial sensitivity to allergen, AR patients responded to allergen inhalation with an eosinophilic inflammation enhancement very similar to that observed among AA. MRP levels increased in both AA and AR patients after allergen challenge; however, M‐PD 20 values significantly changed only in the AA group, suggesting that the components of the airway response to methacholine were controlled by different mechanisms. It is possible that the differences between AR and AA lie only in the quantitative bronchial response to allergen inhalation.
Dr. Klebs' Ameba of Yellow Fever.
Authors: Geo. M. Sternberg
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Washington, D. C., April 20, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —If Dr. Klebs had taken the trouble to read my report, published in 1890, he would have ascertained that he is not the discoverer of his supposed amebæ. These bodies were first observed by Councilman in 1889, and for a time were believed by him to be parasitic amebæ, but upon making comparative researches this view was found to be untenable, as is shown by the italicised portion of the following quotation: <h3>REPORT OF DR. WILLIAM T. COUNCILMAN.</h3> "The most interesting results were obtained from the examination of the liver. It has long been held that fatty degeneration of this organ was one of the most characteristic lesions of yellow fever, and it was found to a greater or less extent in all of the sections examined. It varied greatly in intensity in the different cases; in some comparatively large areas
Failure of Ligation of the Left Auricular Appendage in the Prevention of Recurrent Embolism
Authors: Field C. Leonard, Michael A. Cogan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE problem of systemic arterial embolism in rheumatic heart disease does not end after the patient has survived the acute episode. As protection from re-embolism, which threatens in some 45 per cent of cases,1 programs based on the use of Dicumarol with ambulatory patients leave much to be desired. Irregular anticoagulant control, further embolism despite adequate control, major hemorrhage and death are recognized complications of this prophylactic method.Dock in 1946 originally suggested to Madden2 the possibilities of left-atrial-appendage resection, but the seven reported surgical attempts1 , 3 , 4 made since that time to prevent recurrent embolism into the greater circulation have been . . .
Prescribing, Promoting and Paying for Drugs — The Englishman and His Dog
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

IN spite of the fact that the hazards of prescribing potent drugs and the risks of overdosage and adverse reactions and interactions are constantly being stressed in medical journals and postgraduate medical centers, many aspects of doctors' prescribing habits continue to cause anxiety. This was no doubt the background to the private-members bill that a Labour member, Mr. Michael Thomas, was allowed to introduce into Parliament and that sought to restrict the right of doctors to prescribe drugs. In seeking permission to introduce his bill, Mr. Thomas claimed that prescribing was getting out of hand, with many patients receiving the . . .
Expression of a functional CD3-Ti antigen/MHC receptor in the absence of surface CD2. Analysis with clonal Jurkat cell mutants.
Authors: P Moingeon, A Alcover, L K Clayton, H C Chang, C Transy, E L Reinherz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

To investigate the requirement for CD2 expression in activation of T lymphocytes via the CD3-Ti antigen/MHC receptor complex, we produced and characterized a series of CD2- Jurkat variants. These mutants lack detectable surface CD2 as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation analysis, and specific radiolabeled antibody binding assay, but nevertheless, expressed normal numbers of CD3-Ti receptors. As expected, the combination of anti-CD2 antibodies, termed anti-T112 and anti-T113, which are mitogenic for resting T lymphocytes, failed to stimulate activation of these variants. In contrast, triggering of their CD3-Ti components resulted in the normal set of T lymphocyte-associated activation events, including phosphoinositide turnover, elevation in intracellular free calcium, early gene-induction events, and IL-2 production. Assuming that the Jurkat cell line is representative of normal cycling human T lymphocytes, we conclude that the presence of the CD2 molecule on the plasma membrane is not in itself a requirement for an operational CD3-Ti-alpha/beta receptor.
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 and Activator Protein-1 Coordinately Regulate the Transcription of Components of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jun Yan, Cheng-Tai Yu, Mustafa Ozen, Michael Ittmann, Sophia Y. Tsai, Ming-Jer Tsai
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)-3, also called amplified in breast cancer 1, is a member of the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator family involved in transcriptional regulation of target genes. SRC-3 is frequently amplified and/or overexpressed in hormone-sensitive and hormone-insensitive tumors. We reported previously that SRC-3 stimulated prostate cell growth in a hormone-independent manner through activation of AKT signaling pathway. However, the underlying mechanism remains undefined. Here, we exploited the mifepristone-induced SRC-3 LNCaP prostate cancer cell line generated in our laboratory to identify SRC-3-regulated genes by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. We found that SRC-3 up-regulates the expression of multiple genes in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/AKT signaling pathway that are involved in cell proliferation and survival. In contrast, knockdown of SRC-3 in PC3 (androgen receptor negative) prostate cancer cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells reduces their expression. Similarly, in prostate glands of SRC-3 null mice, expressions of these components in the IGF/AKT signal pathway are also reduced. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that SRC-3 was directly recruited to the promoters of these genes, indicating that they are direct targets of SRC-3. Interestingly, we showed that recruitment of SRC-3 to two target promoters, IRS-2 and IGF-I, requires transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1). Taken together, our results clearly show that SRC-3 and AP-1 can coordinately regulate the transcription of multiple components in the IGF/AKT pathway to ensure ligand-independent cell proliferation and survival of cancer cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 11039-46)
Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies (2 vols): Children as Research Subjects: Science, Ethics and Law
Authors: A C Mastroianni, R Faden, D Federman, M A Grodin, L H Glantz
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Anna C Mastroianni, Ruth Faden, Daniel Federman National Academy Press, £28 (vol 1), £23 (vol 2), pp 271 (vol 1), 247 (vol 2) ISBN 0-309-04992-X (vol 1), 0-309-05040-5 (vol 2)

Ed Michael A Grodin, Leonard H Glantz Oxford University Press, pounds sterling 30, pp 258 ISBN 0-19-507103

A profound change has occurred in societal attitudes towards participation in medical research, but it has gone almost unnoticed. Some sections of the community are actually queuing up and indeed demanding to be included as research subjects in clinical studies. The favourite fantasy of clinical researchers seems to be coming true. What powerful forces have brought about this dramatic change in public perception of human experimentation?

One major factor is the improved protection provided to research subjects from the legislative …
Diagnosis of multiple pregnancy.
Authors: G J Jarvis
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A study was made of 94 sets of twins born during 1975-8. Nine of these sets had not been diagnosed before labour started. Of the others, 75 were diagnosed as a result of clinical suspicion and 10 were diagnosed unexpectedly during the antenatal period, nine by ultrasonic examination. Thus, while ultrasonic examination has substantially reduced the incidence of undiagnosed twins, a fifth of all patients who had ultrasonography performed in the presence of a twin pregnancy were reported on at least one occasion to have a singleton pregnancy. Ultrasonography must be performed at least twice, therefore, before a multiple pregnancy can be confidently excluded.
A novel CFHR5 fusion protein causes C3 glomerulopathy in a family without Cypriot ancestry
Authors: Nicholas Medjeral-Thomas, Talat H. Malik, Mitali P. Patel, Tibor Toth, H. Terence Cook, Charles Tomson, Matthew C. Pickering
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

C3 glomerulopathy describes glomerular pathology associated with predominant deposition of complement C3 including dense deposit disease and C3 glomerulonephritis. Familial C3 glomerulonephritis has been associated with rearrangements affecting the complement factor H-related (CFHR) genes. These include a hybrid CFHR3-1 gene and an internal duplication within the CFHR5 gene. CFHR5 nephropathy, to date, occurred exclusively in patients with Cypriot ancestry, and is associated with a heterozygous internal duplication of the CFHR5 gene resulting in duplication of the exons encoding the first two domains of the CFHR5 protein. Affected individuals possess both the wild-type nine-domain CFHR5 protein (CFHR5(12-9)) and an abnormally large mutant CFHR5 protein in which the initial two protein domains are duplicated (CFHR5(1212-9)). We found CFHR5(1212-9) in association with familial C3 glomerulonephritis in a family without Cypriot ancestry. The genomic rearrangement was distinct from that seen in Cypriot CFHR5 nephropathy. Our findings strengthen the association between CFHR5(1212-9) and familial C3 glomerulonephritis and recommend screening for CFHR5(1212-9) in patients with C3 glomerulopathy irrespective of ethnicity. Since CFHR5(1212-9) can result from at least two genomic rearrangements, screening is most readily achieved through analysis of CFHR5 protein.
Refocus on prevention and education to make progress on AIDS, say US scientists
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A report from the US Institute of Medicine hopes to refocus US and African AIDS policies on prevention and to strengthen education of healthcare workers, infrastructure, and accountability to achieve better outcomes. 

UNAIDS, the joint United Nations programme on HIV and AIDS, estimates that Africa currently has 22.4 million people infected with HIV, about two thirds of the global total of 33.4 million.

The institute’s report, released on 29 November in Washington, DC, estimates that in Africa alone that number will grow to more than 30 million by 2020 and to 70 million by …
Unilateral superior vena caval syndrome.
Authors: J W Forman, K M Unger
Journal: Thorax (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people and overwhelmed many health systems globally. Our study is to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and associated biological processes of COVID-19 using a bioinformatics approach to elucidate their potential pathogenesis. The gene expression profiles of the GSE152075 datasets were originally produced by using the high-throughput Illumina NextSeq 500. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to identify functional categories and biochemical pathways. GO and KEGG results suggested that several biological pathways such as “Fatty acid metabolism” and “Cilium morphogenesis” are mostly involved in the development of COVID-19. Moreover, several genes are critical for virus invasion and adhesion including FLOC, DYNLL1, FBXL3, and FBXW11 and show significant differences in COVID-19 patients. Thus, our study provides further insights into the underlying pathogenesis of COVID-19.
BCL-2 inhibition with ABT-737 prolongs survival in an NRAS/BCL-2 mouse model of AML by targeting primitive LSK and progenitor cells
Authors: Stephanie Beurlet, Nader Omidvar, Petra Gorombei, Patricia Krief, Carole Le Pogam, Niclas Setterblad, Pierre de la Grange, Christophe Leboeuf, Anne Janin, Maria-Elena Noguera, Florence Hervatin, Laure Sarda-Mantel, Marina Konopleva, Michael Andreeff, Andrea W. Tu, Alice C. Fan, Dean W. Felsher, Anthony Whetton, Marika Pla, Robert West, Pierre Fenaux, Christine Chomienne, Rose Ann Padua
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract A75: miR-200 family in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer
Authors: Swati Suryawanshi, Anda Vlad, Robert Edwards, Raluca Budiu, Xin Huang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is detected in late stages, when mortality is high due to the lack of an effective screening modality. One of the possible accepted precursors for endometrioid, clear cell and low grade serous ovarian tumors is endometriosis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect up to 10-15% of women in the reproductive age group. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of numerous biological pathways. In the current study, we investigated role of miRNAs in the transition from benign endometriosis to cellular atypia and to malignancies. Experimental procedure: We extracted RNA from 150 paraffin tissue blocks comprising of normal endometrium (n=31), benign endometriosis consisting of ovarian and extra ovarian endometriosis cases (n=32,) atypical endometriosis (n=15) and endometriosis associated ovarian cancer, consisting of clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancer cases (n=41). Serous tumors (n=15) were included as non-endometriosis associated controls. Using NanoString miRNA Expression Assay, we globally profiled the expression of 800 miRNAs in these samples. Cluster analyses and differential expressions (DE) were calculated using EdgeR. We also validated our NanoString results across all disease categories by miRNA real-time PCR assays. Results: Many miRNAs are dysregulated in atypical endometriosis and cancer samples. Interestingly, several novel miRNAs have been identified that are predicted to regulate genes that may promote carcinogenesis in endometriosis, such as genes involved in estrogen signaling pathways and immune response. Among these miRNAs, differential expression of the miR-200 family between healthy controls and patients with endometriosis and EAOC is particularly intriguing. The miR-200 family of microRNAs consisting of miR-200a, 200b, 200c, 141 and 205, functions in various biological and pathological processes, especially on cellular oxidative stress response and during epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our analysis demonstrated that expression of miR-200 family members is downregulated in endometriosis and highly upregulated in EAOC tissue as compared to normal tissues. Conclusion: Our global miRNA profiling results suggest that miR-200 family potentially plays an important role during the transition from benign endometriosis to endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Swati Suryawanshi, Anda Vlad, Robert Edwards, Raluca Budiu, Xin Huang. miR-200 family in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A75.
Evaluation of heart transplant rejection and ventricular function with technetium-99m antimyosin imaging
Authors: Terrence D. Ruddy, Stuart J. Smith, Mary M. Dalipaj, Vijay S. Chauhan, May T. Aung, Barbara A. Aubrey, Ross A. Davies, Neil G. Hartman, John P. Veinot, Rob S.B. Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Pediatric Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Sudha Rao
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book has been written for students and physicians intimately involved in cancer care, as well as for those who seek orientation in this field. There is excellent coverage regarding clinical pharmacology of antineoplastic agents. General principles of drug administration, classification of chemotherapeutic agents, cellular kinetics, and factors affecting tumor response to chemotherapy are all well discussed. The clinical pharmacology of antineoplastic agents and their major side effects are also dealt with in adequate detail. The section on chemotherapy of the leukemias refreshingly reviews the historical development of management of leukemia. Besides leukemias and lymphomas, the current management of other major pediatric solid tumors is also reviewed. Bibliographic notes have been included to provide a balanced perspective on variations in chemotherapeutic strategy. An entire chapter has been devoted to discussion of the late effects of cancer chemotherapy. Some of the therapeutic programs advocated in cancer chemotherapy are in varying stages
Lost and found: cardiac stem cell therapy revisited
Authors: K. R. Chien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Several clinical trials of bone marrow stem cell therapy for myocardial infarction are ongoing, but the mechanistic basis for any potential therapeutic effect is currently unclear. A growing body of evidence suggests that the potential improvement in cardiac function is largely independent of cardiac muscle regeneration. A study by Fazel et al. in this issue of the JCI provides evidence that bone marrow-derived c-kit+ cells can lead to an improvement in cardiac function in mutant hypomorphic c-kit mice that is independent of transdifferentiation into either cardiac muscle or endothelial cells, but rather is associated with the release of angiogenic cytokines and associated neovascularization in the infarct border zone (see the related article beginning on page 1865). These findings suggest the potential therapeutic effect of specific paracrine pathways for angiogenesis in improving cardiac function in the injured heart.
REOPERATION OF INCOMPLETE SUBMUCOUS RESECTION OF THE NASAL SEPTUM
Authors: G. W. Mosher
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In the early days of submucous resection for septal deformities, and in more recent times, on account of the clinician's failure to appreciate the importance of deflections and thickenings of the upper part of the septum, many incomplete operations were done. These operations may be classified as follows: The procedures of crushing and repositioning, as in the Asch and Gleason operations. The removal of spurs and ridges by various means, leaving a complete bony and cartilaginous wall between the two membranes. The submucous removal of a portion of the bone and cartilage at the most prominent part of the obstruction, producing a window where the membranes become adherent to each other. A combination of B and C. In a considerable percentage of cases, the results from these measures are not satisfactory and the patients later seek further relief. In Classes A and B, the technic for the second operation is
Plasma lipids and insulin in gall stone disease: a case-control study.
Authors: R K Scragg, G D Calvert, J R Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Fasting plasma lipid and insulin concentrations were measured in 173 patients with gall stones and 284 hospital controls to investigate their relationship to this disease. Multivariate methods of analysis were used to estimate the net associations between individual plasma variables and the risk of developing gall stones. In both sexes increased plasma insulin values were associated with an increased risk of gall stones independently of plasma triglyceride values; increased plasma triglyceride concentrations were associated with an increased risk of gall stones in young subjects only; increased plasma total cholesterol concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of gall stones only after controlling for plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations; while increased plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of gall stones, but were confounded by plasma insulin and triglyceride values. These associations were independent of obesity and dietary intake.