tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Labour figures show fall in number of GP surgeries offering extended hours
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Labour’s shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, has come under fire after blaming the coalition government’s policies for a fall in the number of general practices in England that offer extended opening hours.

Laurence Buckman, who chairs the BMA General Practitioners Committee, accused Burnham of “hiding behind a fig leaf,” saying that the policy of extending weekend and evening hours, which the previous Labour government had “imposed” on the profession, had never worked.

He told the BMJ , “People who were seen in extended hours weren’t the ones it was intended for.”

The Labour party released a survey of GPs’ opening hours in England, published on 26 July, using figures from 91 of England’s 151 primary care trusts.

It found that 56% of the primary care trusts reported …
Automated Hovering in Health Care — Watching Over the 5000 Hours
Authors: David A. Asch, Ralph W. Muller, Kevin G. Volpp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Increasingly, health care organizations, health plans, and employers are finding ways to hover over people during the many hours when they're not in a clinical environment. Automated hovering may offer a cost-effective and welcome way to improve health-related behavior.
The Initial Impact of AIDS on Public Health Law in the United States—1986
Authors: Gene W. Matthews
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on public health is just beginning to be felt. Initial state reporting requirements have expanded to attempts to control the spread of the disease through limiting activities such as school attendance and identifying carriers by screening tests. Federal statutory authority has also been invoked. Liability for, and compensation of, AIDS victims who contracted the disease from blood transfusions, organ transplantation, or sexual activity may have a significant impact on health personnel and public health policy. Breaches of confidentiality could result in increased bias against AIDS victims and carriers, who are already experiencing discrimination in employment, housing, health care, insurance, and funeral arrangements. It is unlikely that AIDS-related legal matters will be resolved quickly.
Make access to early abortions easier and quicker, say doctors
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors have called for a change in the law to speed up access to early abortion by proposing that only one doctor, rather than the two currently required, should need to approve an abortion. The call effectively means that abortions in the first 13 weeks of pregnancy should be available on an “informed consent” basis in just the same way as other medical procedures.

However, doctors at the BMA's annual representatives meeting rejected a call for appropriately trained nurses and midwives to be allowed to carry out early abortions and for the rules on where abortions can be carried out to be relaxed to allow them to take place in premises that do not have specific approval, such as general practice …
Albumin Activates ERK Via EGF Receptor in Human Renal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Heather Reich, David Tritchler, Andrew M. Herzenberg, Zamaneh Kassiri, Xiaohua Zhou, Wei Gao, James W. Scholey
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Exosomes and extracellular vesicles (EV) are increasingly being explored as circulating biomarkers, but their heterogenous composition will likely mandate the development of single EV technologies. Highly multiplexed analyses of single EVs have been challenging to implement beyond a few colors during spectral sensing. We use a multiplexed analysis of the single EV technique (MASEV) to interrogate thousands of individual EVs during 5 cycles of multi-channel fluorescence staining for 15 EV biomarkers. Contrary to the common belief, we show that i) several “ubiquitous” markers are much less common than believed; ii) that multiple biomarkers concur in single vesicles but only in small fractions, iii) that affinity purification can lead to loss of rare EV subtypes, and iv) that deep profiling allows detailed analysis of EV potentially improving the diagnostic content. These findings establish the potential of MASEV for uncovering fundamental EV biology and heterogeneity and increasing diagnostic specificity.
STUDIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: James L. German
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Hematoxyphil bodies, both in appearance and staining characteristics resembling those seen in the kidney of the patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, have been produced in experimental animals. Kidneys examined from 15 minutes to 4 hours following intra-aortic injection of L.E. cells and L.E. bodies have exhibited these Feulgen-positive bodies in the glomerular capillaries. Control injections have given completely negative results.
Rabies Prophylaxis in Hemophilia
Authors: Charles M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The criteria for the administration of rabies vaccine after animal bites have been outlined by the Public Health Service.<sup>1</sup>However, the situation becomes somewhat more complex when the victim is a hemophiliac since the expense and possible risks involved in maintaining even minimal hemostatic levels during the course of rabies prophylaxis becomes prohibitive. This report describes the successful use of rabies vaccine in a moderately severe hemophiliac without replacement therapy, and suggests that future patients with this unusual combination of events can be managed in a similar fashion. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 25-year-old classic hemophiliac (factor VIII deficiency) was seen after an attack by a stray dog. The patient had a factor VIII level of 2 units/100 ml and had a history of spontaneous hemarthrosis. The wounds were treated with appropriate local therapy and factor VIII concentrate calculated to bring the patient level to 30
Survey of elderly people who get stuck in the bath
Authors: C Gooptu, G P Mulley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Numbers (percentages) of general practitioners in training and non-training practices who camed specific drugs in their doctor's bag Training practice Relative risk Drug Yes (n-213) No (n= 365) (95% confidence interval)* Glyceryl trinitrate 196 (92) 334 (92) 1-04 (0 70 to 1-55) Parscetamol 120 (56) 239 (66) 0 79 (0-64 to 0 97) Aspirin 151 (71) 195 (53) 1-63 (1-28 to 2 09) Penicillin 207 (97) 349 (96) 1-37 (0-68 to 2 72) Oral steroids 205 (96) 344 (94) 1-35 (0 74 to 2-47) Antacids 118 (55) 242 (66) 0 75 (0-63 to 0 93) *Difference between doctors from training and non-training nr2ctices.
Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis in patients with tuberculosis and sarcoidosis
Authors: H. G. M. Clarke, T. Freeman, R. Hickman, W. E. M. Pryse-Phillips
Journal: Thorax (1970)

A study of 12 immunologically distinct serum proteins has been made in two conditions, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis, which have in common the formation of giant-cell granulomata. Significantly (p&lt;0·001) higher concentrations of five proteins [α<sub>2</sub> group component (GC), caeruloplasmin (caer), haptoglobin (hpt), haemopexin (hpx), and α<sub>1</sub> easily precipitable glycoprotein (α<sub>1</sub> PGp)] were found in tuberculosis. No significant differences from normal were found in patients with sarcoidosis. The results obtained compared to the available figures for conventional electrophoresis and the so-called `acute phase reaction9 are discussed.
MG53-mediated cell membrane repair protects against acute kidney injury
Authors: Pu Duann, Haichang Li, Peihui Lin, Tao Tan, Zhen Wang, Ken Chen, Xinyu Zhou, Kristyn Gumpper, Hua Zhu, Thomas Ludwig, Peter J. Mohler, Brad Rovin, William T. Abraham, Chunyu Zeng, Jianjie Ma
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)

Recombinant MG53 translocates to sites of injury in the proximal tubule of the kidney and protects mice from acute kidney injury induced by ischemia or drugs.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A–deficient mice as a model of female infertility
Authors: Silvia Masciarelli, Kathleen Horner, Chengyu Liu, Sun Hee Park, Mary Hinckley, Steven Hockman, Taku Nedachi, Catherine Jin, Marco Conti, Vincent Manganiello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Since cAMP blocks meiotic maturation of mammalian and amphibian oocytes in vitro and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is primarily responsible for oocyte cAMP hydrolysis, we generated PDE3A-deficient mice by homologous recombination. The Pde3a–/– females were viable and ovulated a normal number of oocytes but were completely infertile, because ovulated oocytes were arrested at the germinal vesicle stage and, therefore, could not be fertilized. Pde3a–/– oocytes lacked cAMP-specific PDE activity, contained increased cAMP levels, and failed to undergo spontaneous maturation in vitro (up to 48 hours). Meiotic maturation in Pde3a–/– oocytes was restored by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) with adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Rp-isomer (Rp-cAMPS) or by injection of protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI) or mRNA coding for phosphatase CDC25, which confirms that increased cAMP-PKA signaling is responsible for the meiotic blockade. Pde3a–/– oocytes that underwent germinal vesicle breakdown showed activation of MPF and MAPK, completed the first meiotic division extruding a polar body, and became competent for fertilization by spermatozoa. We believe that these findings provide the first genetic evidence indicating that resumption of meiosis in vivo and in vitro requires PDE3A activity. Pde3a–/– mice represent an in vivo model where meiotic maturation and ovulation are dissociated, which underscores inhibition of oocyte maturation as a potential strategy for contraception.
THE MANNER IN WHICH QUINIDINE SULPHATE ACTS IN AURICULAR FIBRILLATION
Authors: T. Lewis, A. N. Drury, C. C. Iliescu, A. M. Wedd
Journal: BMJ (1921)

QUINIDINE SULPHATE IN AUJRICULAR FIBRILLATION.Ti do not fall into any special clinical group, either with regard to otiology, cardiac enlargement, valvular involve- ment, or duration of the malady.Both successful and unsuccessful cases form heterogeneous groups.Tlle drug, quinidine sulphate, has a very remarkable action upon the auricle, and this action is of a potent nature.For this reason alone the method of direct leads from the chest is of importance, for it gives a record of the effect of the drug upon tlle auricle itself; the effect on the auricle will vary considerably owing to the factors of absorption, individual tolerance, etc., and the direct leads enable the,drug to be controlled.
Outbreak of polio-like illness is reported in California
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers have described a cluster of five cases of a polio-like syndrome in children in California, and the state department of public health said that a score of similar cases were now under investigation.

In the cases for which details are available all the children developed acute flaccid paralysis of one or more of their limbs. Onset was abrupt, and the severity of symptoms typically reached its height within 48 hours.

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of the spinal cord revealed non-enhancing T2 hyperintensities of the central gray matter. Cerebral spinal fluid was found to be normal to mildly pleocytotic. In all cases Guillain-Barre syndrome and botulism …
Programme to discover how to reduce mortality among mothers is launched
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An extensive international research effort is being mounted to help reduce deaths of women in pregnancy or childbirth in developing countries by strengthening the evidence base for effective interventions.

Over half of the initial funding of $27.5m ($18m; £28m) has come from the charitable foundation set up by the world's richest man, Bill Gates, and his wife, Melinda. The UK Department for International Development, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Population Fund, and the World Bank are among 12 international agencies and foundations supporting the project.

The Initiative for Maternal Mortality Programme …
Number of children admitted to hospital with viral disease rose markedly last year
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Latest NHS figures show a 10% rise in hospital admissions for infectious and parasitic disease in England over the past year. This compares with an overall rise in admissions of 2% in the same period.

The latest hospital episode statistics show that the rise is largely because of a substantial increase in admissions of children aged under 15 years with viral infections. The Department of Health has said it would be looking into the figures.

Infectious and parasitic diseases were responsible for 201 800 …
Campaigners criticise India's new system for compensating clinical trial deaths
Authors: P. Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The decision by a medical expert committee to award compensation for 21 of the 370 deaths that occurred since January 2013 in clinical trials conducted in India has reignited debate about the transparency of drug trials. 

Even though this is the first systematic attempt by the Indian drug controller to compensate the families of people who have died during clinical trials, public health campaigners told The BMJ that the process of compensation was still neither fair nor transparent. 

Because trial investigators may have links with drug firms, campaigners have said that the data provided by such investigators are not legitimate. Therefore, using these data as the basis for awarding compensations was problematic, they said.

Clinical trials by foreign firms have come under fire in India in the past few years. A 2013 parliamentary committee report found that the Seattle based health charity PATH had committed gross violations while carrying out trials …
A Safe Peritoneal Access Device for Repeated Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Donald G. Vidt
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A peritoneal replacement prosthesis maintains easy access to the peritoneal cavity for repeated peritoneal dialyses. The prosthesis has been inserted following 218 peritoneal dialyses and left in place for 1,441 patient days in 32 patients. Only three episodes of peritonitis have occurred. Use of this prosthesis has simplified catheter replacement, reduced some of the complications of peritoneal dialysis, and increased acceptability of intermittent peritoneal dialysis to the patient. It has proved useful in any patient undergoing repeated peritoneal dialyses whether the procedure is performed at frequent or over prolonged intervals.
Osteoarthritis of the knee in Nigerians.
Authors: W W Ebong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Eighty-one patients with 116 osteoarthritic knees were seen by the author at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan in six years. Below the age of 50 the disease was significantly commoner among Nigerians than Caucasians; 39.5% of our patients were less than 50 years old, compared with 1.1% of Caucasians. In contrast with the latter group, trauma was apparently an insignificant predisposing factor of knee degeneration in our patients. In some cases osteoarthritis was associated with severe valgus deformity in rather young patients, suggesting a probable causal relationship. Multiple joint osteoarthritis was significantly less common in Nigerians than in Caucasians.
Stress echocardiographic results predict risk of reinfarction early after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction: Large-scale multicenter study
Authors: Eugenio Picano, Alessandro Pingitore, Rosa Sicari, Giovanni Minardi, Nicola Gandolfo, Giovanni Seveso, Francesco Chiarella, Leonardo Bolognese, Giacomo Chiarandà, Maria Grazia Sclavo, Mario Previtali, Franca Margaria, Ornella Magaia, Federico Bianchi, Salvatore Pirelli, Silva Severi, Mauro Raciti, Patrizia Landi, Cristina Vassalle, Maria José Bento de Sousa, Luis Felipe de Moura Duarte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Functional B-cell response in intrahepatic lymphoid follicles in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Jun Murakami, Yukihiro Shimizu, Yoshiro Kashii, Tsutomu Kato, Masami Minemura, Kazuhiko Okada, Shuji Nambu, Terumi Takahara, Kiyohiro Higuchi, Yoshinobu Maeda, Tokimasa Kumada, Akiharu Watanabe
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Intrahepatic lymphoid follicle (ILF) formation is one of the most characteristic and commonly observed histological features in patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, little is known regarding whether follicles in the liver belong to functional lymphoid tissues, where B cells are activated, differentiated, and proliferated, or if the lymphocytes are merely infiltrated after recruitment from the secondary lymphoid organs. To ascertain this possibility, we examined the expression of markers for B-cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation in ILFs in patients with chronic hepatitis C using surgically resected specimens, and compared them with specimens of perihepatic lymph nodes by an immunohistochemical technique. Germinal center (GC) formation in the ILFs was frequently found in HCV-positive cases. The distribution of immunoglobulin M (IgM)-, IgD-, and IgG-positive cells and the expression patterns of Ki-67, CD23, or bcl-2 and bcl-6 gene products in the follicles with GC formation in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C were similar to those of lymph nodes, indicating that B cells are activated, proliferated, and differentiated in the ILFs with GC formation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Oligoclonal expansion of B cells in the livers with ILFs was confirmed by an analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These data strongly suggest that ILFs with GC formation, which are frequently found in patients with chronic hepatitis C, may functionally be the same as those found in lymph nodes with respect to B-cell expansion and maturation.
Endoscopic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: L. Aabakken
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The role of endoscopy in finding and handling premalignant and malignant lesions represents a substantial proportion of endoscopic practice. Many of these areas are covered by other reviews, and as in previous years, this review will therefore focus on selected areas. I have chosen to highlight enhanced imaging for diagnosis, expandable stents for intraluminal palliation, and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for definitive treatment of early cancer.
Epidemiological study of pneumoconiosis in the Italian poly(vinyl chloride) industry.
Authors: G Mastrangelo, B Saia, G Marcer, G Piazza
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Among 1216 workers employed in a poly(vinyl chloride) production factory, 20 cases of pneumoconiosis were found. None of these workers had had previous exposure to organic or inorganic dusts; 731 had been exposed to PVC dust (employed in drying, sacking and blending of polymer) and 485 had been exposed to monomer alone. Chest x-ray films were read by two independent physicians utilizing the ILO/UC Pneumoconiosis Classification, 1971. X-ray abnormalities were characterized by limited profusion, irregular type and low gravidity; in a small percentage of cases these were associated with slight restrictive respiratory function impairments. All 20 workers with PVC-induced pneumoconiosis had been exposed to high PVC dust pollution for at least five years. Mild nonspecific alterations (profusion of 0/1 class) were found both in the group exposed to PVC dust and in the group exposed to VCM alone. Such changes (observed in 388 cases, 31.9% of the whole population), are related mainly to age and smoking habits, and the role of exposure is minor.
Plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity during the interdigestive period in the dog.
Authors: I Aizawa, Z Itoh, V Harris, R H Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

To study possible physiologic relationships between somatostatin and the gastric interdigestive contractions (GIC), gastric motor activity, and plasma somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) concentration were determined simultaneously in four conscious dogs, each of which was studied on two separate occasions. Plasma SLI level was highest during the GIC period and lowest 60 and 80 min after the cessation of the GIC; the mean difference in plasma SLI was 41 +/- 6 pg/ml. When synthetic motilin, a known stimulus of GIC, was infused at a physiologic rate during the period in which plasma SLI levels were low, SLI rose to approximately the same values observed during the contraction period and GIC similar to those that occur spontaneously were observed. When synthetic somatostatin, a known inhibitor of endogenous motilin release, was infused at a rate that raised the plasma SLI to approximately the levels observed during the contraction period (0.1 microgram/kg per h), the appearance of the subsequent GIC was significantly delayed. These results are consistent with a physiological role for somatostatin in the regulation of GIC in dogs and suggest an interrelationship between motilin and somatostatin.
Portal Vein Thrombosis after Variceal Endoscopic Sclerotherapy in Cirrhotic Patients: Role of Genetic Thrombophilia
Authors: L. Amitrano, V. Brancaccio, M. A. Guardascione, M. Margaglione, M. Sacco, R. Martino, C. De Nucci, S. Mosca, L. Iannaccone, P. R. J. Ames, L. Romano, A. Balzano
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Portal vein thrombosis is a rare event in patients with liver cirrhosis in the absence of a related neoplasm. Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices has been anecdotally associated with the development of portal vein thrombosis. We tested the hypothesis that genetic thrombophilia plays a role in the development of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy.From June 1998 to December 1999, 61 consecutive patients underwent multiple sessions of endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. Doppler ultrasound of the portal vein was performed before sclerotherapy and every 3 months thereafter. Antiphospholipid antibodies, factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, prothrombin mutation G20210A (PTHRA20210) and mutation TT677 of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR C677T) were evaluated in all patients.Portal vein thrombosis developed in 16 % of the patients (10 of 61) after a mean follow-up period of 16 months. A genetic cause for thrombosis was found in 70 % of patients with liver cirrhosis who developed portal vein occlusion, but only in 8 % of patients without this complication.Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices may represent a trigger factor for portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients with genetic thrombophilia.
Red-Cell-Staining Artifacts and How to Avoid Them
Authors: Richard E. Bettigole
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ONE of the first steps in the laboratory work-up of an anemic patient is the examination of a peripheral blood smear. Unfortunately, although the white cells on such smears are usually well preserved, the red cells may be so distorted by staining artifacts that this simple means of evaluating an anemia becomes difficult if not impossible. Indeed, it seems at times that these artifacts appear most often on the smears in which one is particularly interested, but this observation doubtless will not stand up to statistical evaluation.For over sixty years Wright's stain and its variations have been the standard . . .
PARP1 is required for chromosomal translocations
Authors: Justin Wray, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Sudha B. Singh, Yuehan Wu, Christopher R. Cogle, David M. Weinstock, Yu Zhang, Suk-Hee Lee, Daohong Zhou, Lijian Shao, Martin Hauer-Jensen, Rupak Pathak, Virginia Klimek, Jac A. Nickoloff, Robert Hromas
Journal: Blood (2013)
Hospital volume and mortality in acute aortic dissection: Does low volume predict worse outcome?
Authors: Salil J. Patel, Rajendra H. Mehta, Linda Pape, Stuart Hutchinson, Dean E. Smith, Jeanna V. Cooper, Pat O'Gara, Toru Suzuki, Eric M. Isselbacher, Christoph A. Nienaber, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)