tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial To Assess and Compare the Outcomes of Two-core Prostate Biopsy Guided by Fused Magnetic Resonance and Transrectal Ultrasound Images and Traditional 12-core Systematic Biopsy
Authors: Eduard Baco, Erik Rud, Lars Magne Eri, Gunnar Moen, Ljiljana Vlatkovic, Aud Svindland, Heidi B. Eggesbø, Osamu Ukimura
Journal: European Urology (2015)

Prostate biopsy guided by computer-assisted fusion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images (MRI group) has not yet been compared with 12-core random biopsy (RB; control group) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).To compare the rate of detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) between the two groups.This RCT included 175 biopsy-naïve patients with suspicion for prostate cancer, randomized to an MRI group (n=86) and a control group (n=89) between September 2011 and June 2013.In the MRI group, two-core targeted biopsy (TB) guided by computer-assisted fusion of MRI/TRUS images of MRI-suspicious lesions was followed by 12-core RB. In the control group, both two-core TB for abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or TRUS-suspicious lesions and 12-core RB were performed. In patients with normal MRI or DRE/TRUS, only 12-core RB was performed.The detection rates for any cancer and csPCa were compared between the two groups and between TB and RB.Detection rates for any cancer (MRI group 51/86, 59%; control group 48/89, 54%; p=0.4) and csPCa (38/86, 44% vs 44/89, 49%; p=0.5) did not significantly differ between the groups. Detection of csPCa was comparable between two-core MRI/TRUS-TB (33/86, 38%) and 12-core RB in the control group (44/89, 49%; p=0.2). In a subset analysis of patients with normal DRE, csPCa detection was similar between two-core MRI/TRUS-TB (14/66, 21%) and 12-core RB in the control group (15/60, 25%; p=0.7). Among biopsy-proven csPCas in MRI group, 87% (33/38) were detected by MRI/TRUS-TB. The definition of csPCa was only based on biopsy outcomes.Overall csPCa detection was similar between the MRI and control groups. Two-core MRI/TRUS-TB was comparable to 12-core RB for csPCa detection.Our randomized controlled trial revealed a similar rate of prostate cancer detection between targeted biopsy guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and 12-core random biopsy. The traditional 12-core random biopsy may be replaced by two-core MRI/TRUS targeted biopsy for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Early Diagnosis of Myositis Ossificans with Tc-99m Diphosphonate Imaging
Authors: JANE L. TYLER, VILMA DERBEKYAN, ROBERT LISBONA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Myositis ossificans is primarily a disorder of young adults, whereby an area of muscle mass undergoes progressive ossification. The authors review a case in which the patient's presentation was somewhat atypical, and where the course of disease was unusually prolonged. Examination of the soft tissue lesion using Tc-99m diphosphonate bone scans was helpful in establishing the diagnosis and in determining the full extent of the process early in its evolution.
Analytical investigations closer to the patient.
Authors: D Watson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Do-it-yourself bioanalytical equipment that requires no analytical skill to operate is currently available for use in intensive care units, operating suites, side wards, health centres, clinics, general practitioners' surgeries, etc. Agreement is needed between the laboratory consultant and doctors and others using laboratory-type equipment and reagents in near-bedside analyses for diagnosis, clinical management, or health screening of their patients. Choice and safety of method procedure, operator training and accountability, quality control and assessment, maintenance, safety and future development of do-it-yourself equipment must be considered.
The Impact of Thymoma Histotype on Prognosis in a Worldwide Database
Authors: Cleo-Aron Weis, Xiaopan Yao, Yanhong Deng, Frank C. Detterbeck, Mirella Marino, Andrew G. Nicholson, James Huang, Philipp Ströbel, Alberto Antonicelli, Alexander Marx
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

The rarity of thymomas and lack of multi-institutional studies have hampered therapeutic progress for decades. To overcome this, the members of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group created a worldwide retrospective database. This database was analyzed regarding the demographic and geographic distribution of thymomas and the impact of different variables on survival and recurrence.This study analyzed 4221 thymomas diagnosed between 1983 and 2012 with World Health Organization histotype information from the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group database. Associations to survival and recurrence were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses.Type B2 thymoma is the most common (28%) and type A the least common (12%) histotypes. They are significantly more frequent in Europe and the United States than Asia. Type A and AB occur at significantly higher age than other thymomas (64 and 57 years, respectively). There are no differences in gender distribution. Stage is lower in type A (90% in stages I-II) and AB than B1 to B3 thymomas (38% of type B3 in stage III). In univariate analysis, recurrence is significantly less frequent among stage I/II tumors, in type A and AB (recurrence rates, 1-2%) than B1 to B3 thymomas (2-7%). Multivariate analysis reveals an impact of age, stage, and resection status on survival and recurrence, whereas for histology there is only a significant impact on recurrence.New findings are (1) geographic differences such as a lower incidence of type A and B2 thymoma in Asia; and (2) impact of stage and histology, the latter partially limited to early stage disease, on recurrence.
Multiple ascending dose study of BMS-790052, a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1
Authors: Richard E. Nettles, Min Gao, Marc Bifano, Ellen Chung, Anna Persson, Thomas C. Marbury, Ronald Goldwater, Michael P. DeMicco, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Apinya Vutikullird, Ernesto Fuentes, Eric Lawitz, Juan Carlos Lopez-Talavera, Dennis M. Grasela
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract The antiviral activity, resistance profile, pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of BMS-790052, a nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) replication complex inhibitor, were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential panel, multiple ascending dose study. Thirty patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection were randomized to receive a 14-day course of BMS-790052 (1, 10, 30, 60, or 100 mg once daily or 30 mg twice daily) or placebo in a ratio of 4:1. The mean maximum decline from baseline in HCV RNA ranged from 2.8 to 4.1 log10 IU/mL; the placebo group showed no evidence of antiviral activity. Most patients experienced viral rebound on or before day 7 of treatment with BMS-790052 monotherapy; viral rebound was associated with viral variants that had been previously implicated in resistance development in the in vitro replicon system. The PK profile was supportive of once-daily dosing with median peak plasma concentrations at 1-2 hours postdose and mean terminal half-life of 12-15 hours. Steady state was achieved following 3-4 days of daily dosing. BMS-790052 was well tolerated in all dose groups, with adverse events occurring with a similar frequency in BMS-790052- and placebo-treated groups. There were no clinically relevant changes in vital signs, laboratory, or electrocardiogram parameters. Conclusion: BMS-7590052 is the first NS5A replication complex inhibitor with multiple dose proof-of-concept in clinic. At doses of 1-100 mg daily, BMS-790052 was well tolerated, had a PK profile supportive of once-daily dosing, and produced a rapid and substantial decrease in HCV-RNA levels in patients chronically infected with HCV genotype 1. (Hepatology 2011
Treatment of Rattlesnake Bites
Authors: Thomas G. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> From 1954 to 1966, I treated victims of Western diamondback rattlesnake (<i>Crotalus atrox</i>) bites solely with horse serum-derived polyvalent antivenin. Loss of skin and muscle and crippling resulted from moderately severe and severe envenomations, even when ten to 20 vials of antivenin were given intravenously (IV) during the first one to two hours after the bite. In 1966,I began using a method of management of these bites that consisted of large IV doses of hydrocortisone sodium succinate to alleviate or relieve the toxic symptoms and immediate surgical exploration of the bitten area, using local or general anesthesia to determine how deep and into which structures the venom had been injected and to mechanically remove the venom, release tissue pressures, and remove necrotic tissue as soon as possible after the bite. In 1969, I reported the results<sup>1</sup>of this method of management in 15 patients in whom a
Multiple Auto-antibodies to Gastric Juice.
Authors: Robert F. Schilling
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Multiple Auto-antibodies to Gastric Juice.Robert F. Schilling, M.D., Mary Muckerheide, B.S., Elizabeth Jacobs, M.D., Johannes Abels, M.D.Robert F. Schilling, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Mary Muckerheide, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Elizabeth Jacobs, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Johannes Abels, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1085_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSera from some patients with pernicious anemia contain globulins that will inhibit the in vivo action of intrinsic factor, or inhibit the binding of vitamin B12by gastric juice, or change the electrophoretic mobility of gastric juice vitamin B12complex. All sera found to inhibit vitamin B12binding by gastric juice also inhibit intrinsic factor activity in vivo. Two thirds of the sera that block vitamin B12binding will also change the electrophoretic mobility of the complex. One serum changes electrophoretic mobility but does not inhibit vitamin B12binding by gastric juice or intrinsic factor activity in vivo. The exposure... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1085-1085KeywordsGlobulinsPernicious anemia Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Helmets for Child Bicyclists-Reply
Authors: Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Bader that helmet use must be improved to much greater levels than were reported in our article if a significant impact on head injury morbidity and mortality is to be seen. Our recent experience is encouraging. Observations of helmet use in Seattle in September 1989 revealed that use among school-aged children was up to 25%. The American Academy of Pediatrics has recently inaugurated a national bicycle campaign modeled after the Seattle program. The manufacturers have become increasingly responsive and many now offer helmets for less than $20. Further efforts to make helmets more accessible by reducing or totally eliminating financial barriers would probably contribute to increased helmet use. We agree with Dr Bader that this avenue should be explored by insurance companies as well as local community groups. We feel that, in a country where nearly half the states lack laws mandating motorcycle helmet
Granulocyte Apoptosis and Its Role in the Resolution and Control of Lung Inflammation
Authors: CHRISTOPHER HASLETT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<PARADOXES AND (IM)BALANCE...RESOLUTION OF ACUTE INFLA...TISSUE CLEARANCE OF GRANU...GRANULOCYTE APOPTOSISMECHANISMS BY WHICH MACRO...REGULATION OF GRANULOCYTE...GRANULOCYTE APOPTOSIS AND...HARNESSING OF RESOLUTION ...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Walking the walk
Authors: J. Cave
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

I am afraid Phil Hadridge needs to remove the inverted commas from `ridiculous' in his recent contribution (December 2005 JRSM1). Should doctors have to be given a detailed briefing about their immediate environment every time they meet somewhere? It is exceedingly unlikely that, by checking the fire escapes in a room, a doctor would significantly reduce the risk of a catastrophe, and it certainly would not make patients any safer. So as a direct action it is ridiculous.

Would such an action set a good example? Well, of course, I would like to be seen as rational and flexible: however, checking the fire exits everywhere would give the opposite impression. If you want to change behaviour, first convince people that what you want is sensible and correct.

As for the `well it won't hurt' argument? Why not offer up a quick prayer, or take a vitamin tablet at the start of each meeting—easy, cheap and useless. The reasons that we are bad at patient safety are that too many problems are hard to fix, and living with unfixable problems makes it easy to ignore the fixable ones. Some of the latter are now being addressed—for example, the introduction of alcohol handwash dispensers everywhere, and a new culture which makes it easy to roll up sleeves and discard ties, jackets and white coats, has greatly increased the frequency of handwashing. If management are serious about patient safety, they should make this their priority rather than finance and DH targets. If adequate bed area cleansing were regarded as more important than meeting the 4-hour A&E target, and bed occupancy rates fixed at safe levels, I have little doubt that nosocomial infection rates would fall. There is also little doubt that patient waiting times would increase and mangers would be sacked (or relocated). The NHS seems to be concentrating on quantity of treatment whilst accepting some reduction in quality. And given resource limitations, and the fact that the vast majority of the huge number of treatments carried out daily are successful, the balance may not be far out. However, if we want to improve patient safety, management mumbo jumbo is not the answer—adequate time and space to treat patients is.
Prognostic immunohistochemical markers of primary human melanomas
Authors: H. Ostmeier, B. Fuchs, F. Otto, R. Mawick, A. Lippold, V. Krieg, L. Suter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Several clinical and histological factors of primary melanomas comprise a relatively large quantity of prognostic information. Objective To find immunohistochemical markers that can improve the prognostic accuracy achieved by factors that are available without extra laboratory work, i.e. mitotic rate, tumour thickness, ulceration, localization, gender and age. Methods Immunohistochemical markers were determined on frozen sections. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed after 5–10 years follow-up. Results Seven immunohistochemical markers were related to disease-free and overall survival in univariate Cox regression analysis: Ki-67, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) -DQ, HLA-DP, Muc 18, A-10-33, transferrin receptor, and H-2-8-10. Only Ki-67 (n = 399) and HLA-DQ (n = 452) retained prognostic significance when evaluated in multivariate analyses in several models together with tumour thickness alone and with tumour thickness, gender, mitotic rate, age, localization and ulceration. Conclusions Ki-67 and HLA-DQ may be useful for risk assessments in primary melanomas.
Is M65 really better than M30 as a biomarker of hepatic fibrosis?
Authors: Yusuf Yilmaz, Ramazan Kurt
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read with great interest the article by Joka et al.,1 who demonstrated that, compared with the widely used apoptosis marker M30, the M65 assay had a better diagnostic performance and even differentiated between lower fibrosis stages as well as between healthy individuals and patients with simple steatosis. However, there are some issues in terms of data analysis and interpretation that merit consideration. First, the authors claimed that, unlike the M30 assay, only serum levels of total M65 significantly discriminated between patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy controls.1 However, this finding is not surprising given the very small number of patients with simple steatosis (n = 10) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (n = 12) enrolled in this study. Actually, the results concerning M30 may be just a false-negative finding due to the fact that the study was underpowered for such a comparison. Indeed, we have shown that among patients with NAFLD, M30 and M65 distinguished between advanced fibrosis and early stage fibrosis with a similar sensitivity and specificity.2 Second, the authors used Ishak fibrosis stage in all patients with chronic liver disease, regardless of the underlying etiology.1 One may argue whether the application of a disease-specific score for fibrosis (such as the METAVIR score3 for HCV fibrosis or the Kleiner et al.4 criteria for NAFLD fibrosis) would yield different results. Finally, the authors pooled together all patients with chronic liver diseases for the purpose of comparing the diagnostic value of M30 and M65 assays for fibrosis. We believe that this approach is not methodologically robust and can yield unreliable results. In our own experience, patients with NAFLD and mild fibrosis may display greater levels of M30 compared with those with a diagnosis of Wilson disease and severe fibrosis. It is thus likely that M30 levels are driven chiefly by apoptosis rather than hepatic fibrosis.5, 6 In light of these caveats, a word of caution is needed to avoid overinterpreting the diagnostic utility of M65 assays in the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease. Yusuf Yilmaz M.D.* , Ramazan Kurt M.D.* , * Institute of Gastroenterology, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey, Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey.
Obsessive Video-Game Users
Authors: Bruce Harry
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It was with great interest that I read the report by Ross et al entitled "Space Invaders Obsession" inThe Journal(1982;248:1177). Their cases and comment suggest that in players who may be experiencing intrapsychic or interpersonal dissonance, the video games may serve to augment the defensive posture of the players. Their particular players apparently responded to a major life stress by the preoccupation with and compulsive playing of certain video games; the content of those games ostensibly reflected certain intrapsychic processes over which the players were seeking mastery. Examination of the relatively modest body of literature concerning selection and use of media may further substantiate their report. In 1956, Horton and Wohl<sup>1</sup>contended that certain media contents may provide the substrate for "para-social interaction" by the lonely or alienated. They believed this type of interaction reinforces the ego rather than flooding it; thus, the spectator
BRAIN INJURY, DRUGS, AND ENVIRONMENT AS CAUSES OF MENTAL DECAY IN EPILEPSY
Authors: WILLIAM G. LENNOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

This is the second of a series of three papers dealing with mental deterioration in epilepsy. Comparison was made of the mental state of 449 "symptomatic" and 1456 "essential" epileptics. Twenty-six per cent of the symptomatic and 10 per cent of the essential group showed definite deterioration, although the former group had experienced fewer seizures. The elimination of patients who were mentally deficient at birth decreased the disparity to 12 and 6 per cent respectively. With respect to the age of patients at the onset of seizures, serious deterioration was more manifest in the symptomatic group in all ages, but the difference was greatest if seizures began in adult life. With respect to the duration of epilepsy, again deterioration was more marked in the symptomatic group in all periods, but the difference was greatest if the epilepsy had just begun. In the symptomatic group deterioration was more often present before seizures began. Patients whose mentality improved while using anticonvulsant drugs numbered for phenobarbital 30 per cent, for bromides 26 per cent, and for patent medicines 13 per cent. Improvement of seizures was noted, respectively, in 65, 53 and 40 per cent of patients reporting the use of these drugs. The psychological causes of pseudodeterioration are important but could not be evaluated in this study.
Quarter of hospital emergency visits are due to inability to get appointments, study finds
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly six million attendances at hospital emergency departments in England occur each year because patients cannot get a GP appointment, new research has found. Researchers at Imperial College London said that the figure represented 26.5% of unplanned emergency department attendances.

They said that, although a significant number of emergency attendances in England each year could be linked to patients’ access to general practice, it did not necessarily follow that improving this access would reduce emergency department attendances, adding that more research was needed. The analysis was funded by the National Institute for Health Research and published …
The Girl of the Golden West
Authors: Clifford L. Graves
Journal: JAMA (1982)

I grew up in a village in Holland where my father had retired after a military career in the Dutch army. When I was 14 years old I decided that I wanted to be a doctor.  About that time, we had a visit from a distant relative who had been to America. He wanted to sell my father land in a faraway place called San Diego. I don't remember the sales pitch, but I do remember his description of San Diego: a place of milk and honey where you could go swimming the year around. In our village, you were lucky if you could go swimming once or twice a year. Mostly, it was too cold and gloomy.  Why don't we go? I asked my father. Not now, he said. First, you graduate from high school.  I was crushed. To soften my disappointment, my father bought a print of the
PLATELETS AND THE SHWARTZMAN PHENOMENON
Authors: Jack Levin, Leighton E. Cluff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Studies are reported on the effect of immunologically induced thrombocytopenia upon the local and generalized Shwartzman phenomena. Intravenous injection of antiplatelet serum to rabbits produced profound but transient thrombocytopenia unaccompanied by significant changes in circulating leucocytes. Platelet antiserum alone given to rabbits prepared with thorotrast produced renal lesions characteristic of the Shwartzman reaction. Thrombocytopenia induced by platelet antiserum did not inhibit the cutaneous hemorrhagic lesion of the local Shwartzman phenomenon produced by sequential injections of endotoxin intracutaneously and intravenously. The implications of these observations in the pathogenesis of the local cutaneous and generalized Shwartzman reaction are discussed.
Equity in health care
Authors: N Mays, K Judge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - E S Williams and C M Scott comment on our review of some of the weaknesses of the current methods of allocating resources to NHS regions.1 They argue that the age-cost weights in the current formula assume, in their view wrongly, that all elderly people have the same health needs2 and that we should have made this point in our paper. While they present their argument in terms of the age-cost weights in the formula, their quibble seems to be with the subsequent needs …
Persistence of Haemoglobin "Bart's" Beyond Infancy in a Child with Thalassaemia
Authors: C. Choremis, L. Zannos-Mariolea, J. A. M. Ager, H. Lehmann
Journal: BMJ (1959)

Haemoglobin " Bart's " (Ager and Lehmann, 1958) was found in a newborn infant of mixed ancestry (Spanish, West-Indian, Negro, Chinese).Its electrophoretic mobility at alkaline pH was slower than that of