tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for HTLV-III Antibodies: The Relation Between Prevalence and Positive Predictive Value and Its Social Consequences
Authors: Michael J. Barry
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We are concerned that in the recent article by Weiss et al,<sup>1</sup>some of the test operating characteristics reported may have been misleading. Specifically, the authors conclude that their screening test for human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) retrovirus type III (HTLV-III) antibodies (as a marker for the ability of a unit of blood to transmit acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]) was "highly sensitive and specific" based on values calculated after "excluding borderline results." Neglecting these "borderline" results is inappropriate, as test results in the overlap zone between distributions for disease and nondisease actually<i>define</i>a test's sensitivity and specificity.<sup>2</sup> Sensitivity-specificity pairs for different cutoffs can be determined from data in the article's Table 1 (combining all patients with AIDS to define "disease" and Burlington blood donors to define "nondisease"). However, it may be more informative in examining a screening test to scrutinize the ratio of false-positives to
Studies of renal injury III: Lipid-induced nephropathy in type II diabetes
Authors: Jesus H. Dominguez, Nianjun Tang, Wei Xu, Andrew P. Evan, Aristotle N. Siakotos, Rajiv Agarwal, James Walsh, Mark Deeg, Howard J. Pratt, Keith L. March, Vincent M. Monnier, Miriam F. Weiss, John W. Baynes, Richard Peterson
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
A Murmur of Music
Authors: Joseph G Ouslander
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RELATIVE VALUE OF SURGERY AND ROENTGEN RAY IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: EDWARD P. RICHARDSON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Diseases of the thyroid gland are of interest to many branches of the medical profession. Aside from their great importance in clinical medicine, much remains to be learned about them from a physiologic and pathologic point of view. Not only is the thyroid frequently the seat of local changes, but through variation in its activity it exerts a profound effect on the organism as a whole. We may, therefore, logically classify cases of thyroid disease on two different bases: the basis of function and that of pathologic changes in the gland itself. On the first basis we may group them according to the activity of the thyroid, which may be excessive, normal or reduced, and, on the second, according to various histologic changes, of which the chief are hypertrophy and hyperplasia, the deposition of colloid, the presence of adenomas, of malignancy or of inflammation. Combining these two aspects of thyroid
Pioneers in Neuroendocrinology
Authors: Lawrence C. McHenry
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<i>Pioneers in Neuroendocrinology</i>, the first volume of a series,<i>Perspectives in Neuroendocrine Research</i>, is, in many ways, a unique historical book, for it gives the personal account of senior investigators still living. The editors asked leading investigators, whose careers lay mostly behind them, to write essays on the development of their own work in the field of neuroendocrinology. The various authors were requested to write a personal account of the steps taken and of the motivation and drive that led them to pursue their interests in the relationship between the brain and the endocrine system. The work consists of some of the early work on neurosecretion, neurotransmitters, releasing factors, the locus and control of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin secretion, neural control of the anterior pituitary, the role of the portal vessels, the effects of lesions and electrical stimulation on discrete brain areas, electrophysiological recordings and correlates, feedback mechanisms, reproductive neuroendocrinology,
LOCAL INSULIN REACTIONS
Authors: Martin Lasersohn
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Reactions in addition to those of a hypoglycemic nature were not unusual in the early period of insulin administration when larger amounts of protein had to be injected along with the hormone itself. Methods of purification and concentration were soon discovered, however, and, as a result, reactions other than those accompanying overdosage have become a rarity. What the outlook regarding such an occurrence is in a case characterized by local reaction is demonstrated by the following report of a patient referred by Dr. M. Pierce Rucker of this city, Nov. 13, 1929: <h3>History and Clinical Course.</h3> —A white woman, aged 28, married, was found to have diabetes mellitus. The onset of symptoms dated back about three weeks. Twenty-four hour specimens of urine showed a large amount of sugar, and tests for acetone and diacetic acid were also positive. The maximum blood sugar obtained was 333 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters
Cognitive Function in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest After Target Temperature Management at 33°C Versus 36°C
Authors: Gisela Lilja, Niklas Nielsen, Hans Friberg, Janneke Horn, Jesper Kjaergaard, Fredrik Nilsson, Tommaso Pellis, Jørn Wetterslev, Matt. P. Wise, Frank Bosch, John Bro-Jeppesen, Iole Brunetti, Azul Forti Buratti, Christian Hassager, Caisa Hofgren, Angelo Insorsi, Michael Kuiper, Alice Martini, Nicki Palmer, Malin Rundgren, Christian Rylander, Annelou van der Veen, Michael Wanscher, Helen Watkins, Tobias Cronberg
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Target temperature management is recommended as a neuroprotective strategy after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Potential effects of different target temperatures on cognitive impairment commonly described in survivors have not been investigated sufficiently. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether a target temperature of 33°C compared with 36°C was favorable for cognitive function; the secondary aim was to describe cognitive impairment in cardiac arrest survivors in general.Study sites included 652 cardiac arrest survivors originally randomized and stratified for site to temperature control at 33°C or 36°C within the Target Temperature Management trial. Survival until 180 days after the arrest was 52% (33°C, n=178/328; 36°C, n=164/324). Survivors were invited to a face-to-face follow-up, and 287 cardiac arrest survivors (33°C, n=148/36°C, n=139) were assessed with tests for memory (Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test), executive functions (Frontal Assessment Battery), and attention/mental speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test). A control group of 119 matched patients hospitalized for acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction without cardiac arrest performed the same assessments. Half of the cardiac arrest survivors had cognitive impairment, which was mostly mild. Cognitive outcome did not differ (P>0.30) between the 2 temperature groups (33°C/36°C). Compared with control subjects with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, attention/mental speed was more affected among cardiac arrest patients, but results for memory and executive functioning were similar.Cognitive function was comparable in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest when a temperature of 33°C and 36°C was targeted. Cognitive impairment detected in cardiac arrest survivors was also common in matched control subjects with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction not having had a cardiac arrest.URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01946932.
SPINAL FLUID CHANGES DURING CHLORPROMAZINE THERAPY
Authors: JAMES K. SMITH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Four schizophrenic patients receiving chlorpromazine in doses adequate to produce a Parkinsonian syndrome but with no history or physical findings of other neurological disease showed elevation of cerebrospinal fluid protein ranging from 51 to 108 mg.%. Further studies are, of course, indicated and are under way. Besides confirming these findings in a larger series and investigating related drugs in the phenothiazine group, it is planned to evaluate the effect of dosage and duration of administration. Thus far the opportunity has been granted to examine spinal fluids before and after chlorpromazine on 3 non-psychiatric patients; all were on lower doses than those ordinarily employed in the treatment of psychosis. After 30 days of chlorpromazine (average daily dose 400 mg.) during which time none of the patients showed Parkinsonian manifestations, the spinal fluid levels rose in one case from 21 to 47 mg.%, in another from 27 to 55 mg.% and in the third from 45 to 57 mg.%. It is not now possible to say whether an increase in the cerebrospinal fluid protein content is related to an alteration in barrier permeability, or whether it indicates some degree of breakdown of tissue. The findings are here presented in a preliminary form solely to alert physicians working with this drug to a hitherto undescribed effect. It is hoped that dissemination of this information may prove helpful in evaluating spinal fluid data where certain complications or questions of differential diagnosis may arise in individuals undergoing long-term therapy with this drug.
As Immune System Yields Its Secrets, New Strategies Against Disease Emerge
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

KNOWLEDGE of the immune system and ways in which it might be manipulated, gained during the last 10 years, is beginning to have an impact on clinical medicine. That message has emerged from the annual meeting of the Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC. It was enunciated specifically by Hugh McDevitt, MD, Stanford (Calif) University School of Medicine, who chaired the meeting. Until a few years ago, immune cell-secreted cytokines such as the interleukins and lymphokines were laboratory curiosities—tools for the scientists investigating the immune system. But now they have been cloned and, by means of recombinant DNA techniques, are available in quantity. This means that the role of these growth factors in mediating the immune response can now be studied. <h3>Looking to Interleukins</h3> As an example of what is being learned, William E. Paul, MD, says, one of these interleukin messengers between leukocytes, interleukin 4 (IL-4), is now recognized as
Pharmacotherapy for Obesity
Authors: David F. Williamson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A New Method of Administering the Mineral Water of the Royal Leamington SPA
Authors: J. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1874)

bottles to the feet, and covered him wvell over with blankets.He passed a wretched night, slept none, and was slightly delirious.He got up next morning at nine o'clock, feeling still very sick and ill.Hlis pulse was 56; the surface was cool; the face pale; the pupils much
THE RATIONAL DOSAGE OF DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN
Authors: E. Grundy
Journal: BMJ (1931)

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIST 1HE BRITISH , although it may be continued in the out-patient depart- mnent with one injection daily (according to F. Howitt) for several months, with advantage.Three examples will suffice to demonstrate the type of improvement in the body weight which may be expected in an average case during the initial period of treatment. Weight Table Weight onWeight onIncrease No.
CALCULATION OF SOFT TISSUE ATTENUATION TO DETERMINE LEFT VENTRICULAR VOLUMES UTILIZING A FIRST PASS TECHNIQUE
Authors: R. L. Dubuisson, M. D. Harpen, G. B. Head, L. F. Parmley, A. E. Robinson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Dubuisson, R. L.; Harpen, M. D.; Head, G. B.; Parmley, L. F.; Robinson, A. E. Author Information
A Lecture on a Source of Urea Too Little Recognised
Authors: T. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1886)

M+ 'i5'8e1 ~Ttf 1DWA1YIJZPRYY£Xr _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~X .9 insignificant'part in their formatiof.'The further development of the thrombi resulted from the disintegration of the plaques.A granular or stroma-fibrin (Landois), and d fibrillar or plihsma-fibrin, must be recog- nised.The former, which was identical with the peculiar meta- morphosis of cells to which Weigert applied the term coagulation- necrosis, was the process which occurred in the white thrombi; their chief mass was made up of a granular matrix, in which the outlines of the plaques had ceased to be visible.The central softening of a white thrombuswas a consequence of the disintegration and liquefaction of the plaques.The whole question required to be studied again in the light of these new observations on the donnection of the blood-plaques with thrombi, particularly the relation of the white and mixed thrombi, and the mode of formation 'of the clot in aneurysms.Dr. Oster felt assured of the truth of the statements here 'made regarding the con- nection of the plaques with thrombosis, from careful observation on the structure of the white thrombi (1) on atheromatous ulcers, (2) on the valves of the heart, (3) in aneurysms, and (4) in thrombi of the veins.Though he had not lately had an opportunity of examining a "globular vegetation" of an auricle or ventricle, he ventured to assert that they were composed originally of similar structures.
Chronic Myelopathy Associated With Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: William L. Stoops
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Forty-two patients with cervical spondylosis and myelopathy underwent cervical laminectomy and foramenotomy. Twelve were severely disabled, and all demonstrated progressive functional deficit before operative intervention. Thirty-five (83.3%) showed definite improvement, whereas the conditions of seven (16.7%) have remained stable. None have shown evidence of further progression of disability. The degree of functional deficit preoperatively gives some index of prognosis following surgery, but five of the 12 who were severely disabled regained nearly full activity in the postoperative period. Patients who have cervical spondylosis and progressive myelopathy despite conservative treatment should be considered for cervical laminectomy and foramenotomy before severe functional deficit becomes apparent.
Role of the tyrosine kinase pyk2 in the integrin-dependent activation of human neutrophils by TNF
Authors: Michele Fuortes, Maxine Melchior, Hyunsil Han, Gholson J. Lyon, Carl Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Secretion of inflammatory products from neutrophils can be induced by a combination of signals from ligated integrins and receptors for soluble, physiological agonists such as TNF. Here we identify pyk2 in primary human neutrophils; localize it to focal adhesions and podosomes; and demonstrate its tyrosine phosphorylation, activation, and association with paxillin during stimulation of adherent cells by TNF. Tyrphostin A9 emerged as the most potent and selective of 51 tyrosine kinase inhibitors tested against the TNF-induced respiratory burst. Tyrphostin A9 inhibited TNF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of pyk2 without blocking the cells' bactericidal activity. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, potently blocked the TNF-induced respiratory burst and selectively inhibited tyrosine phosphorylation of pyk2. Thus, pyk2 appears to play an essential role in the ability of neutrophils to integrate signals from β2 integrins and TNF receptors.
Recurrent Intermittent Small Bowel Obstruction Due to Carcinoid Tumor
Authors: Sheldon J. Taub, Richard A. Greenwald, Steven J. Morris, Francis J. Tedesco
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We encountered an unusual case of carcinoid tumor of the terminal ileum with intermittent recurrent small bowel obstruction of seven years' duration rather than the usual presentation of chronic progressive obstruction. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2686-2687, 1978)
Biochemical Separation of Na+, K+-ATPase from a “Purified” Light Density, “Canalicular”-Enriched Plasma Membrane Fraction from Rat Liver
Authors: James L. Boyer, Rose M. Allen, Oi Cheng Ng
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Cytochemical studies suggest that Na+, K+–ATPase is localized to sinusoidal and lateral portions of the hepatocyte plasma membrane whereas Mg ++ –ATPase and alkaline phosphatase are luminal or canalicular membrane markers. To validate further these cytochemical findings, we have isolated from the nuclear pellet of rat liver homogenates a liver plasma membrane (LPM) fraction enriched in all three enzyme markers, as previously described (Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1975; 401:59-52). Following tight Dounce homogenization, the vesiculated membrane preparation was further separated on a multiple–step discontinuous sucrose density gradient (d 1.12 to 1.22). Na + , K + –ATPase activity “dissociated” from Mg ++ –ATPase activity, sedimenting at densities of 1.14 and greater. Further studies were carried out in two–step discontinuous sucrose gradients (1.13 and d ± 1.13), and a light density fraction (d 1.13) was further characterized in calcium–free media (since addition of calcium increased contamination with intracellular membranes). Electron microscopy demonstrated a homogeneous vesicular membrane population in contrast to the heavy density fraction (d ± 1.13) which contained membrane sheets and junction complexes as well as vesicles. The light density fraction was highly enriched in Mg ++ –ATPase (42.1 x homogenate specific activity) and alkaline phosphatase (64.6 X homogenate), 3 to 4 times their activities in the original LPM. In contrast, Na + , K + –ATPase activity in the light density fraction, diminished 16–fold from values in the original unfractionated LPM. All but 15% of total Na + , K + –ATPase activity in the original LPM could be accounted for in unwashed preparations. Neither cholesterol/phospholipid ratios nor an analysis of peptides on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis demonstrated differences in the composition of the light vs. heavy density subfractions, although there were relative increases in several peptide bands in the light density subtraction. These studies provide further supporting biochemical evidence for the concept that Na + , K + –ATPase resides on different membrane domains than does Mg ++ –ATPase and alkaline phosphatase and further characterizes a vesiculated membrane preparation highly enriched in putative “canalicular” enzyme markers.
Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome
Authors: M. Michael Wolfe, Robert T. Jensen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, although uncommon, is not rare, and most patients with the disorder present with clinical manifestations similar to those of patients with common peptic ulcer. Early studies emphasized death due to complications of massive gastric acid hypersecretion. However, with the availability of potent antisecretory agents to control acid secretion, death is now more frequently associated with the metastatic potential of slowly growing but malignant gastrinomas. Therefore, physicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in assessing patients with either chronic peptic ulcer or unexplained secretory diarrhea. An evaluation aimed at early diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome should be instituted in such patients and should begin with a determination of the fasting serum gastrin level. At least 50 percent of patients with gastrinoma will have nondiagnostic serum gastrin concentrations and will therefore require provocative testing to establish the correct diagnosis. After the presence of the syndrome is established, patients should be treated with a potent antisecretory agent in doses sufficient to reduce basal acid output to less than 10 mmol in the hour preceding administration of the next dose. Although some patients may be maintained satisfactorily in this manner for extended periods, an approach aimed at tumor localization and extirpation is recommended in most patients. Preoperative evaluation should begin with CT scanning with intravenous contrast material. Selective angiography, and occasionally, portal venous sampling for gastrin, should be performed if the location and extent of tumor remain in question. If metastatic disease is demonstrated, or if MEN-I is present, surgery aimed at tumor resection, although it is occasionally effective, will probably be unsuccessful. Because of the considerable morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatoduodenectomy, it should not be performed for unresectable tumor in the head of the pancreas. In other patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, exploratory surgery should be performed; this should include a careful search for, and resection of, all pancreatic and extrapancreatic gastrinomas. With this approach, it is likely that at least 20 percent of all patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can be cured.
RETINOIC ACID VERSUS PLACEBO IN LINEAR VERRUCOSE NAEVI, SCALY, LICHENIFIED ECZEMA, AND VERRUCAE PLANTARIS
Authors: S.H. Gunther
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article RETINOIC ACID VERSUS PLACEBO IN LINEAR VERRUCOSE NAEVI, SCALY, LICHENIFIED ECZEMA, AND VERRUCAE PLANTARIS Get access S.H. Gunther S.H. Gunther Department of Dermatolgoy, Universtiy of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 3, 1 September 1973, Page 317, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb02982.x Published: 01 September 1973