tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug-Eluting Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Frans Van de Werf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), when performed by an experienced team in a timely fashion, is a better reperfusion therapy than in-hospital thrombolysis in patients who have acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation.1,2 Although randomized trials of primary balloon angioplasty and primary stenting have not demonstrated a mortality benefit of primary stenting and have shown conflicting results with regard to the risk of reinfarction,3,4 primary stenting of the infarct-related lesion has become standard treatment in most patients undergoing primary PCI.Drug-eluting stents significantly reduce the risks of both restenosis and target-vessel revascularization after elective PCI, as compared with . . .
Treatment of infective endocarditis: a 10-year comparative analysis.
Authors: J V Richardson, R B Karp, J W Kirklin, W E Dismukes
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The results of surgical and non-surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis in 182 patients over a 10-year period were analyzed. Heart failure, annular and myocardial abscesses, heart block, and coronary embolism, seen most frequently with staphylococcal and fungal endocarditis, were the primary causes of death in both native valve endocarditis (NVE) and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). In NVE, surgery significantly improved the survival in patients with moderate or severe heart failure (P less than 0.05) and in all patients with staphylococcal endocarditis (P less than 0.03). In PVE, surgery significantly influenced survival in patients with moderate or severe heart failure (P less than 0.05) and in the entire group with late PVE (P less than 0.01). Early surgery is recommended for patients with native valve endocarditis and moderate or severe heart failure; those patients with staphylococcal NVE, regardless of hemodynamic state, should undergo early valve replacement. Early surgery is recommended for PVE patients with moderate or severe heart failure. We also recommend early valve replacement for early and late staphylococcal PVE.
The Starr-Edwards model 6000 valve. A fifteen-year follow-up of the first successful mitral prosthesis.
Authors: Q Macmanus, G Grunkemeier, D Thomas, L E Lambert, A Starr
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The Starr-Edwards model 6000 mitral valve was the first successful mitral prosthesis. A fifteen year follow-up of 110 patients undergoing isolated mitral valve replacement with this prosthesis from 1960 to 1966 is presented. There were 22 (20%) operative and 37 (42%) late deaths at a mean of 8.6 years postoperatively. Preoperative variables leading to late death and thromboembolism are analyzed. Seventeen of 25 operative survivors had improvement in their NYHA Functional Class status and eight other remained unchanged an average of 13.1 years after surgery. There are 5000 patients world-wide currently relying on this prosthesis. Despite a high rate of thromboembolism in the past, elective replacement is not recommended except in selected patients.
Prediction of Long-Term Renal Transplant Allograft Function From Day 3 Post-transplant Tc-99m MAG3 Scintigraphy
Authors: Stanley Ngai, Timothy Demetriades
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Serum creatinine (sCr) levels of >1.5mg/dL or >130 ummol/L at 1 year after renal transplantation were strongly predictive of long-term allograft survival. A Tc-99m MAG3 study with a Hilson's perfusion index (PI) is routinely performed on day 3 post-transplantation at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia. The predictive power of day 3 post-transplantation Hilson's PI for long-term sCr levels; and early sCr levels (at 1 or 3 months) to predict sCr levels at 12 months post-transplantation were studied.One hundred eight patients receiving renal transplantation from April 2001 to March 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. sCr levels at 1, 3, and12 months, and 5 years after renal transplantation were recorded and compared with the day 3 post-transplantation Hilson's PI.Accuracy of 72% to 74%, and 90% sensitivity were recorded between Hilson's PIs and sCr levels up to 12-month post-transplantation. Spearman's correlation shows a significant relationship (R = 0.32-0.39, P = 0.00002-0.003). However, the association seems to have low specificity. A significant relationship was found for early sCr levels (at 1 or 3 months) to predict sCr levels at 12-month post-transplantation, with a Spearman correlation coefficient (R = 0.68-0.85, P < 0.000001).There is a strong relationship between the day 3 Hilson's PIs and serial sCr levels post-transplantation, and between the early sCr levels (1 and 3 months), and the 12 months sCr levels post-transplantation. A composite index integrating these 2 markers to predict long-term renal allograft survival remains to be investigated.
Should radiologists talk to patients?
Authors: S R Vallely, J O Mills
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Radiologists often are relectant to discuss their findings with patients, reasoning that the patients are only temporarily under their care, and that the diagnosis is better communicated by the referring physician. In this study, National Health Service patients, radiologists, and clinicians were surveyed to determine their views on what radiologists should discuss with patients after performing barium studies. The patients, many of whom feared cancer, overwhelmingly preferred to be told the findings immediately by the radiologist. The opinions of the radiologists and clinicians on disclosure varied depending on whether a malignancy was discovered. Given patient anxiety when cancer is a possible diagnosis, the authors recommend that radiologists communicate normal or nonmalignant findings immediately. When a malignancy is discovered, radiologists and clinicians should consult as soon as possible so that patients may be told quickly and privately.
Natural History of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: JULIEN I. E. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

It is difficult to make prognoses and decisions on therapy of individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) and plan efficiently for medical services and training programs because studies on the incidence and relative frequency of different types of CHD at birth, mortality rates, times of death, and prevalence rates in children and adults are incomplete or unrepresentative. The present study assesses the merits of previous surveys and attempts to indicate the best information about these rates. Specific attention has been directed to data on ventricular septal defect (VSD), with an estimated incidence of at least 20/10,000 live births; about 10% of these children died before 15 years of age. There should thus be about 18/10,000 surviving school children with VSD, yet the most intensive school surveys show only about half this number. This supports the suggestion that there is a high incidence (perhaps 50%) of spontaneous closure of VSD during childhood. Spontaneous closure may also occur frequently after childhood, but this conclusion needs to be confirmed by better surveys.
Use non-invasive dark adaptometry to screen children and adolescents
Authors: S. A Vernon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Use non-invasive dark adaptometry to screen children and adolescents ED1TOR,-N J Watson and colleagues remind readers of the possibility of vitamin A deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal or liver disease.'I am surprised, however, that they do not also mention its possibility in cystic fibrosis.23They suggest measurement of serum vitamin A concentrations and cytological examination of conjunctival specimens, presumably as a screening technique in people at risk.I suggest that dark adaptometry, which is non-invasive, might be more appropriate, particularly in children and adolescents.
Lack of prominent peptide–major histocompatibility complex features limits repertoire diversity in virus-specific CD8+ T cell populations
Authors: Stephen J Turner, Katherine Kedzierska, Helen Komodromou, Nicole L La Gruta, Michelle A Dunstone, Andrew I Webb, Richard Webby, Helen Walden, Wiedong Xie, James McCluskey, Anthony W Purcell, Jamie Rossjohn, Peter C Doherty
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Implications of Prenatal Steroid Perturbations for Neurodevelopment, Behavior, and Autism
Authors: Andrea C. Gore, Katherine M. Martien, Khatuna Gagnidze, Donald Pfaff
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2014)

Abstract The prenatal brain develops under the influence of an ever-changing hormonal milieu that includes endogenous fetal gonadal and adrenal hormones, placental and maternal hormones, and exogenous substances with hormonal activity that can cross the placental barrier. This review discusses the influences of endogenous fetal and maternal hormones on normal brain development and potential consequences of pathophysiological hormonal perturbations to the developing brain, with particular reference to autism. We also consider the effects of hormonal pharmaceuticals used for assisted reproduction, the maintenance of pregnancy, the prevention of congenital adrenal hypertrophy, and hormonal contraceptives continued into an unanticipated pregnancy, among others. These treatments, although in some instances life-saving, may have unintended consequences on the developing fetuses. Additional concern is raised by fetal exposures to endocrine-disrupting chemicals encountered universally by pregnant women from food/water containers, contaminated food, household chemicals, and other sources. What are the potential outcomes of prenatal steroid perturbations on neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, including autism-spectrum disorders? Our purposes here are 1) to summarize some consequences of steroid exposures during pregnancy for the development of brain and behavior in the offspring; 2) to summarize what is known about the relationships between exposures and behavior, including autism spectrum disorders; 3) to discuss the molecular underpinnings of such effects, especially molecular epigenetic mechanisms of prenatal steroid manipulations, a field that may explain effects of direct exposures, and even transgenerational effects; and 4) for all of these, to add cautionary notes about their interpretation in the name of scientific rigor.
What lessons can be learned from γδ T cell-based cancer immunotherapy trials?
Authors: Jean Jacques Fournié, Hélène Sicard, Mary Poupot, Christine Bezombes, Amandine Blanc, François Romagné, Loic Ysebaert, Guy Laurent
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2012)

During the last several years, research has produced a significant amount of knowledge concerning the characteristics of human γδ T lymphocytes. Findings regarding the immune functions of these cells, particularly their natural killer cell-like lytic activity against tumor cells, have raised expectations for the therapeutic applications of these cells for cancer. Pharmaceutical companies have produced selective agonists for these lymphocytes, and several teams have launched clinical trials of γδ T cell-based cancer therapies. The findings from these studies include hematological malignancies (follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute and chronic myeloid leukemia), as well as solid tumors (renal cell, breast and prostate carcinomas), consisting of samples from more than 250 patients from Europe, Japan and the United States. The results of these pioneering studies are now available, and this short review summarizes the lessons learned and the role of γδ T cell-based strategies in the current landscape of cancer immunotherapies.
IgE cross-reactivity between the major peanut allergen Ara h 2 and the nonhomologous allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 3
Authors: Merima Bublin, Maria Kostadinova, Christian Radauer, Christine Hafner, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Eva-Maria Varga, Soheila J. Maleki, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Heimo Breiteneder
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Treatment of Soft-tissue Injuries by Pulsed Electrical Energy
Authors: D. H. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Twenty pairs of patients matched for sex, age, weight, and degree of trauma were treated either with an active Diapulse machine emitting pulsed, high-frequency electrical energy or with a non-active placebo machine. They were examined for swelling, pain, and disability before treatment and after three days under double-blind conditions. The results show that the pulsed, high-frequency electrical treatment has a definite biological effect on recently injured soft tissues, especially in the reduction of pain and disability.
Abstract 1988: <i>In silico</i> estimates of cell components in cancer tissue based on expression profiling data
Authors: Yipeng Wang, XiaoQin Xia, Zhenyu Jia, Anne Sawyers, HuaZhen Yao, Jessica Wang-Rodriquez, Dan Mercola, Michael McClelland
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer gene expression profiling studies often measure samples that vary widely in the mixtures of cell types they contain. Such variation could confound efforts to correlate expression with clinical parameters. In principle, the proportion of each major tissue type can be estimated from the profiling data and used to triage samples before using the data to study correlations with disease parameters. Four large gene expression microarray data sets from prostate tissue whose cell components were estimated by pathologists were used to test the performance of in silico prediction of tissue components. Multi-variate linear regression models were developed for in silico prediction of major cell components of prostate cancer tissue. 10-fold cross-validation within each data set gave average differences between the pathologist and in silico predictions of 8∼14% for the tumor component and 13∼17% for stroma component. Across data sets that used similar platforms and fresh frozen samples, the average differences were 11∼12% for tumor and 12∼17% for stroma. Prediction models were applied to expression data on the same platform from 219 other tumor-enriched prostate cancer samples for which tissue proportions were not known. The tumor “enriched” samples were predicted to have a wide range of tumor percentages; 0 to 87%. Furthermore, there was a 10.5% difference in the average predicted tumor percentages between 37 recurrent and 42 non-recurrent cancer patients. This systematic difference in tumor content would likely cause tissue-specific gene changes to falsely appear to be correlated with recurrence unless some samples were excluded to remove this bias or unless tissue percentages were incorporated into the prediction model. Similar circumstances may arise in other sets of clinical samples. A web service, CellPred, has been designed for the in silico prediction of prostate cancer sample cell components. While this site is currently based on microarray data, it could equally well use high-throughput sequencing data. The approach presented here can be generalized to other tissue mixtures once data on both tissue content and expression profiles are obtained for a training set. CellPred is freely available at http://www.webarraydb.org/. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1988.
Reflections on a genocide
Authors: P Hall
Journal: BMJ (1994)

I had only to be escorted a few yards from the floor on which we spent our initial night in Rwanda to see my first massacre site. The languid senior information officer whom I had interrupted listening to the BBC World Service news at 6 am swung open the door, still holding the large receiver under his free arm, on to a small room where 17 Jesuit priests had been shot. Blood had sprayed on the walls and ceiling and there were empty cartridge cases among the blood soaked blankets on the floor. When, in my ignorance of equatorial Africa, I suggested that the adjacent burial pit looked too overgrown to be contemporary he shrugged and walked off. Within days we learnt to relax our usual caution over the veracity of allegations. The nature of what has happened in Rwanda, the sheer numbers, and the brazen openness of the atrocities mean that no one has any need to manufacture stories. Reports of massacres soon began to seem commonplace and it became the bizarre that continued to have an impact. We were told of the member of a death squad killer who refused to kill a little Tutsi girl. Why? Had this man not set himself the task of filling his latrine pit with bodies? Apparently once he had fulfilled his self imposed quota he lost interest in killing any more.

The massacres in Rwanda began after the presidents of both Rwanda and Burundi were assassinated when their plane was hit by a missile as it was landing at Kigali airport. By 5 …
Gastrointestinal bleeding after the introduction of COX 2 inhibitors: ecological study
Authors: Muhammad Mamdani, David N Juurlink, Alex Kopp, Gary Naglie, Peter C Austin, Andreas Laupacis
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Recent evidence suggests a lower risk of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage for selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors compared with non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) at the patient level, 1-3 although COX 2 inhibitors are likely not devoid of gastrointestinal toxicity.At the population level, however, the widespread proliferation of COX 2 inhibitors might lead to an increase in the overall numbers of people exposed to anti-inflammatory drugs with uncertain implications on rates of population-wide gastrointestinal events.We did an ecological study to examine temporal changes in the use of NSAIDs and upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage hospitalisation rates among a population of older individuals after the introduction of COX 2 inhibitors.
Effects of a recruitment maneuver on plasma levels of soluble RAGE in patients with diffuse acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective randomized crossover study
Authors: Matthieu Jabaudon, Nacim Hamroun, Laurence Roszyk, Renaud Guérin, Jean-Etienne Bazin, Vincent Sapin, Bruno Pereira, Jean-Michel Constantin
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Health impacts of second‐hand exposure to cat allergen Fel d 1 in infants
Authors: A. Heissenhuber, J. Heinrich, B. Fahlbusch, M. Borte, H.‐E. Wichmann, G. Bolte
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Recent cross‐sectional studies suggested that highest sensitization prevalences occur with moderate cat allergen exposures. We aimed to assess the impact of moderate levels of second‐hand cat allergen exposure on the incidence of specific sensitization and wheezing in the framework of a birth cohort study. Therefore we restricted our analysis to infants without a cat at home since birth. Methods: At infant's age 3 months, cat allergen levels were measured in the mattress dust of 1840 families without cats. At age 2 years, serum IgE specific to Fel d 1 was analyzed. Incidence of wheezing apart from respiratory infection was assessed by questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for the association between second‐hand cat allergen exposure and health outcomes. Results: Until age 2 years, 13 of 1301 infants (1%) were sensitized to cat allergen and 56 of 1492 infants (4%) had ever‐wheezing without infection. Early exposure to second‐hand cat allergen levels ≥ 1 µg/g dust increased substantially the risk for specific sensitization to Fel d 1 (OR 10.9, 95% CI 3.4–35.0) and ever‐wheeze without infection (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.9) at age 2 years. Conclusions: Second‐hand exposure to cat allergen in homes without cats is detrimental in terms of allergy development in infants.
Cerebral Arterial Spasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage A Case Report with SPECT and lodine-123 HIPDM
Authors: V D PIERO, S CANESCHI, C BIANCHI BOSISIO, P GERUNDINI, F TRIULZI, D PERANI, F FAZIO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Cerebral arterial spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage can be responsible for secondary neurological deficits and can influence history, prognosis, and results of surgical treatment. The demonstration of vasospasm can be important for therapy. The use of I-123 HIPDM and SPECT in evaluating regional cerebral blood flow showed the effects on cerebral perfusion of diffuse arterial spasm in a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage and its recovery. There was a parallel with clinical neurological status.
LARGE SOLID TUMORS IN THE INGUINAL CANAL.
Authors: W. LOWNDES PEPLE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>A REPORT OF THREE CASES.</h3> I report the following cases because, from a casual search, I believe them to be somewhat unique both as to the gross and microscopic findings. The first two cases I saw with Dr. Stuart McGuire as his clinical assistant, the third in consultation with Dr. M. E. Nuckols. For the microscopic findings I am indebted to Dr. E. Guy Hopkins, of the Laboratory Department of the University College of Medicine. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Referred to the Virginia Hospital by Dr. G. S. Bell of Oriental, N. C., and operated on by Dr. Stuart McGuire, May 1, 1903. <h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. W., aged 19, married, unipara, has always been a strong, healthy girl. She had the diseases of infancy, except diphtheria and scarlet fever. When she was 10 years old she fell across a wagon wheel and hurt her side, not seriously enough to confine her to bed.
Quality of Life After Aortic Valve Replacement at the Age of &gt;80 Years
Authors: T. M. Sundt, M. S. Bailey, M. R. Moon, E. N. Mendeloff, C. B. Huddleston, M. K. Pasque, H. B. Barner, W. A. Gay
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The optimal management of aortic valve disease in patients >80 years old depends on functional outcome as well as operative risks and late survival.We retrospectively identified 133 patients (62 men, 71 women) aged 80 to 91 years (mean 84+/-3 years) who underwent aortic valve replacement alone or in combination with another procedure between January 1, 1993, and April 31, 1998. Demographics included hypertension 68%, diabetes mellitus 17%, and history of stroke 11%. Operative (30 day) mortality rate was 11%. Urgent or emergent surgery, aortic insufficiency, and perioperative stroke or renal dysfunction were risk factors for operative death by multivariable analysis. Intensive care unit and total hospital length of stay were prolonged at 6.2 and 14.7 days, respectively. Late follow-up between July 1, 1998, and November 1, 1999, was 98% complete. Actuarial survival at 1 and 5 years was 80% and 55%, respectively. Predictors of late mortality were preoperative or perioperative stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aortic stenosis, and postoperative renal dysfunction. The mean New York Heart Association functional class for 65 long-term survivors improved from 3.1 to 1.7. Quality of life assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 was comparable to that predicted for the general population >75 years old.Functional outcome after aortic valve replacement in patients >80 years old is excellent, the operative risk is acceptable, and the late survival rate is good. Surgery should not be withheld from the elderly on the basis of age alone.