tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of adrenergic blockers on central nervous system-mediated hyperglycemia in fed rats
Authors: Yasuo Kunoh, Akihisa Iguchi, Kazumasa Uemura, Hisayuki Miura, Tatsuo Tamagawa, Tadaaki Mano, Katunori Nonogaki, Minehiro Gotoh, Nobuo Sakamoto
Journal: Metabolism (1992)
Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 expression in rheumatoid synovial tissues. Effects of interleukin-1 beta, phorbol ester, and corticosteroids.
Authors: L J Crofford, R L Wilder, A P Ristimäki, H Sano, E F Remmers, H R Epps, T Hla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

High levels of immunoreactive cyclooxygenase (Cox; prostaglandin H synthase) are present in synovia from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We now show that the recently identified inducible isoform of Cox, Cox-2, is expressed in synovia from patients with RA. To further explore modulation of the Cox isoforms in RA synovial tissues, we examined the expression and modulation of Cox-1 and -2 in rheumatoid synovial explant cultures and cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblast-like cells (synoviocytes). Immunoprecipitation of in vitro labeled proteins and Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of both Cox-1 and -2 under basal conditions in freshly explanted rheumatoid synovial tissues. De novo synthesis of Cox-2 polypeptide was enhanced by IL-1 beta or PMA, and dramatically suppressed by dexamethasone (dex). Cox-1 expression, under the same conditions, showed only minor variation. Since mRNA for Cox-2 is highly unstable, we examined the regulation of Cox-2 transcripts in cultured rheumatoid synoviocytes. Under basal conditions both Cox-1 and -2 mRNAs were present at low levels, but Cox-2 mRNA was markedly increased by treatment with IL-1 beta or PMA. dex markedly suppressed the induction of Cox-2 mRNA. In sharp contrast, Cox-1 transcripts were not modulated by IL-1 beta or dex. These data suggest that modulation of Cox-2 expression by IL-1 beta and corticosteroids may be an important component of the inflammatory process in synovial tissues from patients with RA.
Suppression of serum testosterone concentrations in men by an oral contraceptive preparation.
Authors: J M Kjeld, C M Puah, B Kaufman, S Loizou, J Vlotides, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The suppression of serum testosterone levels in 5 normal men by an oral contraceptive (Eugynon 50 50 mcg ethinylestradiol plus 500 mcg norgestrel) is reported.  The volunteers aged 21-39 took 1 tablet each day for 9 days.  Testosterone levels measured by radioimmunoassay fell rapidly for the 1st 4 days and then continued to fall at a slower rate.  On the 9th day the levels had fallen to 8% of the initial levels (.36 ng/ml).  Following discontinuation of the drug the levels recovered fully within a week.  All men experienced loss of libido during the latter 1/2 of the ingestion period.  It is suggested that norgestrel alone or combined with small doses of ethinylestradiol warrants a trial in treating prostatic cancer.
Acute Osteitis of the Neck and Head of Femur
Authors: C. Macnamara
Journal: BMJ (1887)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURPAL.13 is eventually present it is due to the admixture of ordinary micrococci with the special actinomyces.Of the 75 cases recorded, 29 were inoculated in the neighbourhood of the lower jaw, floor of the mouth and throat, 9 in the upper jaw and cheek, 2 in the cesophagus, 1 in the tongue, 11 in the intestine, 14 in the air-passages and lung, 7 unknown; 55 were males, 21 females Actinomycosis of the upper jaw appears to offer a worse prognosis than that of the lower jaw.In the majority of cases the individuals affected belonged to callings which did not bring them into direct contact with diseased cattle.
The Experimental Duplication of Atrial Flutter in Dogs and Man by Coronary Sinus Pacing.
Authors: Kenneth M. Rosen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969The Experimental Duplication of Atrial Flutter in Dogs and Man by Coronary Sinus Pacing.Kenneth M. Rosen, M.D., Sun H. Lau, M.D., Anthony N. Damato, M.D.Kenneth M. Rosen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Sun H. Lau, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Anthony N. Damato, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1080_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have noted a close similarity between the P wave vectors in spontaneous coronary sinus rhythm, left atrial rhythm, and the common type of atrial flutter, the P vector being directed cephalad and to the right. Electrical simulation of the coronary sinus and left atrium produced similar P vectors at both slow and fast rates. An arrhythmia, with all the electrocardiographic characteristics of atrial flutter, has been reproduced by rapid electrical stimulation of the coronary sinus and left atrium. In five subjects and five closed-chested dogs the coronary sinus was stimulated at rates of 250 to 350/min, using a bipolar... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Kenneth M. Rosen, M.D.; Sun H. Lau, M.D.; Anthony N. Damato, M.D.Affiliations: Staten Island, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRecent advances in the treatment of ectopic tachycardias by electrical pacing 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1080-1081KeywordsArrhythmiaElectrocardiographyLeft atrium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Practical Clinical Applications of Vectorcardiography
Authors: G. E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ALTHOUGH the vectorcardiogram has been studied extensively during the past 15 years, its clinical value is still unsettled. This is due in part to the fact that fundamental problems regarding the physical properties of the heart's electric field remain unsolved. The lack of precise knowledge concerning the electric field of the heart raises difficulties in deciding upon proper electrode placement and recording techniques. Arguments based on physical concepts which condemn a particular lead system as unsound may also be applied to any of the electrocardiographic leads. Nevertheless, no one could reasonably deny the clinical value of the electrocardiogram. This is true even though electrocardiography has been regarded by many as an empiric science. Through the correlation of many thousands of records with clinical and autopsy data, the diagnostic and prognostic reliability of the electrocardiogram has become established. The vectorcardiogram must also be put to this test to determine its
Lack of agreement between the World Health Organization Category of impaired glucose tolerance and the American Diabetes Association category of impaired fasting glucose.
Authors: F J Gómez-Pérez, C A Aguilar-Salinas, J C López-Alvarenga, J Perez-Jauregui, L E Guillen-Pineda, J A Rull
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE: To study the concordance between the 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) impaired fasting glucose (IFG) category with the World Health Organization (WHO) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) status in a population with a high prevalence of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We analyzed the oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) carried out at the Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran (INNSZ) central laboratory from June to December 1997. We included patients with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 60 and 160 mg/dl. The results from the glucose tolerance test were selected as the gold standard. RESULTS: Among the 1,802 glucose tolerance test results available for analysis, 1,706 fulfilled the requirements to be included. Diabetes and IGT were remarkably more frequently diagnosed when the WHO criteria were applied. The new ADA criteria failed to diagnose 69% of WHO diabetic patients and the vast majority of WHO glucose-intolerant subjects. Using the new criteria, 82% were considered normal. Of the IFG subjects, 39% were classified as diabetic and 23% were normal according to the 2-h postchallenge glucose values. Only 37% of the IFG patients were, in fact, glucose intolerant according to the WHO criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly show that the 1997 ADA criteria are less sensitive for diagnosing diabetes than OGTT-based WHO criteria. Even more important, there is poor agreement between the WHO category of IGT and the ADA category of IFG.
Risk Assessment of Recurrence in Patients With Unprovoked Deep Vein Thrombosis or Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Sabine Eichinger, Georg Heinze, Lisanne M. Jandeck, Paul A. Kyrle
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Predicting the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in an individual patient is often not feasible. We aimed to develop a simple risk assessment model that improves prediction of the recurrence risk. Methods and Results— In a prospective cohort study, 929 patients with a first unprovoked VTE were followed up for a median of 43.3 months after discontinuation of anticoagulation. We excluded patients with a strong thrombophilic defect such as a natural inhibitor deficiency, the lupus anticoagulant, and homozygous or combined defects. A total of 176 patients (18.9%) had recurrent VTE. Preselected clinical and laboratory variables (age, sex, location of VTE, body mass index, factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutation, D-dimer, and in vitro thrombin generation) were analyzed in a Cox proportional hazards model, and those variables that were significantly associated with recurrence were used to compute risk scores. Male sex (hazard ratio versus female sex 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 2.75), proximal deep vein thrombosis (hazard ratio versus distal 2.08, 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 3.74), pulmonary embolism (hazard ratio versus distal thrombosis 2.60, 95% confidence interval 1.49 to 4.53), and elevated levels of D-dimer (hazard ratio per doubling 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.51) were related to a higher recurrence risk. Using these variables, we developed a nomogram that can be used to calculate risk scores and to estimate the cumulative probability of recurrence in an individual patient. The model was cross validated, and patients were assigned to different risk categories based on their risk score. Recurrence rates corresponded well with the different risk categories. Conclusions— By use of a simple scoring system, the assessment of the recurrence risk in patients with a first unprovoked VTE and without strong thrombophilic defects can be improved.
Payment for coroners' postmortem examinations
Authors: Simon Rose
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Alcolado in his letter describes a consultant pathologist insisting that a case be referred to the coroner for an autopsy, and he implies that this was for financial gain (which, from his account, seems possible).1

Such behaviour by any of the six consultants in my department would be completely unacceptable, and I am sure that most histopathologists in the United Kingdom would agree. His suggestion that financial gain be taken out of the equation could perhaps be applied to many fields of medicine, although the new contract would imply that this is not current policy.

I would gladly stop doing my extracontractual coroners' work and forgo the comparatively small income derived from it. We have recently turned down the offer of an increase in this work, despite what Alcolado views as the “substantial payment” offered.
Work of a day-bed unit 1972-8.
Authors: J B Rainey, C V Ruckley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

From 1972 to 1978 inclusive 32 311 patients were managed in a 24-bedded day-bed unit in a district general hospital. The principal specialties using this were urology, gastroenterology, general surgery, gynaecology, haematology, orthopaedics, and radiology. Patient selection, a high standard of secretarial work, and good liaison with general practitioners, the community nursing service, and the ambulance service are most important. Day care forms a large, important, and increasing part of the work of the hospital, and without it many of the specialties would be unable to cope with the demand, and their waiting lists would lengthen continuously.
Diabetes: The Glucogra-FTM Method for Normalizing Blood Sugar
Authors: Roger W. Turkington
Journal: JAMA (1981)

With the development of reliable portable instruments for the measurement of blood glucose concentrations, the self-monitoring of blood glucose has become a major new tool that diabetic patients can use in controlling their disease. This volume is one of the first books to present a highly detailed guide for using this tool. The author is a management engineer who has been diabetic for 34 years and who devised his method from personal experiences and in formal collaboration with physicians of the Diabetes Center of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The style and informational content make the book suitable reading for both diabetic patients and their families and for physicians and nurse educators. A chapter by Samuel M. Rosen, MD, discusses his personal experience in using the method for managing patients. The GlucograF method requires the patient to prick his finger six times a day with a painless lancet technique,
Expression of ventricular-type myosin light chain messenger RNA in spontaneously hypertensive rat atria.
Authors: C Kumar, C Saidapet, P Delaney, C Mendola, M A Siddiqui
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Using cloned DNA probes specific for two isoforms of cardiac myosin light chains (MLCs), nonphosphorylatable MLC1 and phosphorylatable, regulatory MLC2, we have observed that the MLC1 messenger RNA of ventricular type does not appear in detectable amounts in atrial cells of either normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat strain (WKY) or spontaneously hypertensive rat strain (SHR). The messenger RNA of regulatory isoform of ventricular MLC2, on the other hand, is found in threefold excess in atria of SHR relative to that of age-matched WKY. The increased level of MLC2 messenger RNA is present even in 6-week-old SHR atria where there is no established overloading of the heart. Thus, it appears that the increased expression of the regulatory MLC2 gene in SHR atrial cells is a predetermined event, which, most likely, participates in functional adaptation of the myocardium in response to pressure overload and subsequent hypertrophy.
Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis and Immunologic Control
Authors: R. B. Hornick, S. E. Greisman, T. E. Woodward, H. L. DuPont, A. T. Dawkins, M. J. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

TYPHOID fever is a disease unique to man. No other animal species acquires an illness simulating typhoid fever after oral ingestion of the organism. This lack of a suitable experimental animal has hindered the acquisition of knowledge on pathogenesis and control. This presentation will summarize the experience gained in the study of healthy volunteers infected with typhoid bacilli. The purpose of these ongoing investigations has been to develop better methods of prevention and control of disease. The primary objective has been the quantitative evaluation of experimental and conventional vaccines. Such studies have permitted a careful analysis of pathogenesis.Typhoid vaccine . . .
THE ECHOCARDIAC MARKER OF LEFT ATRIAL REMODELING AFTER PULMONARY VEIN ISOLATION
Authors: Akira Fuji, Katsuji Inoue, Takayuki Nagai, Kazuhisa Nishimura, Chiharuko Iio, Kaori Fujimoto, Tamami Kohno, Taruyoshi Uetani, Jun Suzuki, Akiyoshi Ogimoto, Takafumi Okura, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from blood culture.
Authors: A D Macrae, P W Greaves, P Platts
Journal: BMJ (1979)

mode of action of the clostridial toxin is not yet clear but it may elicit a local Schwartzman reaction, usually resulting in mucosal changes identical with those of acute ischaemia.iIn our patient the location of the vascular damage differed from that postu- lated in classical drug-associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis because the small vessels of the entire bowel wall were affected.Whether this was due to the specific pharmacokinetics of clindamycin or modification of the vascular reaction to putative bacterial toxin by steroids or immunological dysfunction associated with sarcoid, or both, remains speculative.
Acute Reversible Heart Failure in Severe Iron-Deficiency Anemia Associated with Hookworm Infestation in Uganda Africans
Authors: K. SOMERS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Severe iron deficiency anemia is a common sequel to the heavy hookworm infestations prevalent in Uganda, and in some hypoxia can be so severe that heart failure supervenes. The clinical manifestations in 15 cases are described. Comment is made on reversible electrocardiographic changes.
Shall the Scope of the Pharmacopeia be Increased?
Authors: Robert Edes
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Boston, Dec. 19, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> Among the many suggestions and remarks which the approach of the time of calling the convention for revising the Pharmacopeia is eliciting, the query why the sale of this book is so small among physicians often appears, and why they are so little acquainted with its contents and its merits. That such a condition exists is undoubted, but it is also true that there is a reason for it, and it seems to me, without yielding to anyone in my respect for the book in the position it is intended to fill, that the reason is a good one. Dr. Long (Journal, Dec. 9, 1899), in an article which tends in the same direction as my own thoughts, asks whether we-physicians—"are not shirking our duty when we allow pharmacal influence to predominate in the convention which directs its issue?" To this I would
Stereokineradiography
Authors: Majic S. Potsaid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Television TechnicsFor his method of stereofluoroscopy Lindblom14 used an Orthicon television camera directed at the output phosphor of an image intensifier-amplifier tube. There were two x-ray tubes energized alternately at a frequency of 25 cycles per second. The disparate images thus formed and displaced on a television screen were viewed through glasses with perforated disks that rotated synchronously with the pulsing of the x-ray targets. This resulted in a separation of the images so that each eye saw only the images produced by photons from a given focal spot. Lindblom did not say much about the success or failure . . .
Carlsbad Water in Gout
Authors: E. Meryon
Journal: BMJ (1862)

bowels have acted several times.Pulse 100.The cedema is commencing to subside.Dec. 8.The tube was this morning withdrawn; but no breathing could be detected from the nostrils or mouth; it was, therefore, replaced.The tongue is cleaning.Dec. 9.She complains of her gums becoming slightly tender.The pills were omitted.Pulse 96.Dec. 10.The tongue is quite clean and moist; pulse .80.She was ordered four ounces of port wine.The saline mixture was omitted.Dee.II.She bears the wine very well.She was or.,dered;an ounce of decoction of cinchona three times a day.There is a little breathing through the mouth and iaostrils.The swelling around the throat is going down.Dec. 12.She could not sleep very well.The breathing is more free through natural passages.Pulse re- gular.Dec. 13.The tube to-day was withdrawn.She breathes very well when the opening is closed.Tongue clean and moist Dec. 14.The wound this morning was brought toge- ther with strips of plaster.Pulse 72.Dec. 10.The swelling has all subsided; the wound is granulating; pulse natural; tongue clean.Dec. 1S.She is able to take fish diet, two pints of unilk, and two pints of beef-tea, with four ounces of port
Long-term hematopoietic damage: concepts, approaches, and results relevant to the study of environmental toxins.
Authors: N G Testa, T M Dexter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The hematopoietic tissue is one of the prime examples of hierarchical tissues, where mature cells with a limited life span are continually replaced as a result of proliferation and differentiation from stem and progenitor cells. In the bone marrow, these processes are controlled by growth factors and by cell to cell interactions, the latter being specially important for the regulation of the stem-cell population. In the study of long-term hematopoietic damage, we have to distinguish between deleterious effects of the environmental toxins on the stem and progenitor cells, and on the stromal bone marrow cells which are part of the regulatory hematopoietic microenvironment. In some experimental situations, the function of the tissue may be subnormal, not because of stem cell damage (which may also be present), but because of damage to regulatory environmental populations. Because of the high degree of organization of the hematopoietic tissue (not immediately obvious from histological sections), the heterogeneity of the stromal cell populations, and their different capacities to regenerate after cytotoxic insult, the stromal damage is likely to be heterogeneous and would tend to be expressed functionally at later times than acute hematopoietic injury. While microenvironmental damage may be of importance in the induction of hematopoietic failure, the primary target in leukemogenesis is likely to be the stem cell. However, experimental data support the concept that regulatory microenvironmental influences may hinder or favor the development of leukemia.
Efficient gene delivery into undifferentiated stem cells and differentiated cardiomyocytes using lentiviral vectors
Authors: Jin-Sook Kwon, Meizi Li, Young-Hwa Kim, Hainan Piao, Bo-Ra Son, Tae-Jin Youn, Dong-Woon Kim, Myeong-Chan Cho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Abstract 1125: Consumption of oxygen: a mitochondrial-generated progression signal of advanced cancer
Authors: Cody C. Cook, Ara Kim, Shuji Terao, Akinobu Gotoh, Masahiro Higuchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The majority of mortality from prostate cancer occurs when the disease progresses to a highly malignant phenotype. Changes in the mitochondrial genome such as mutation, deletion and depletion are common in cancer and can determine advanced phenotype of cancer; however, detailed mechanisms have not been elucidated. We observed that loss of the mitochondrial genome reversibly induced overexpression and activation of proto-oncogenic Ras, especially KRas-4A, responsible for the activation of AKT and ERK leading to advanced phenotype of prostate and breast cancer. Maturation of Ras, possibly prenylation of Ras, was required for Ras activation and was induced by the overexpression of 3- hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. Hypoxia is known to cause accumulation of intermediate sterols which induces proteasomal degradation of HMGR. Well-differentiated and less aggressive prostate and breast cancer cells with high mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content consumed a large amount of oxygen and induced intracellular hypoxia. Loss of mitochondrial genome content reduced oxygen consumption and an increase in oxygen concentration (hypoxic-to-normoxic shift) in the cells. Inhibition of oxygen consumption by the reduction of mitochondrial genome content induced overexpression of HMGR through hypoxic-to-normoxic shift. Subsequently, the endogenous induction of the mevalonate pathway activated Ras that mediates advanced phenotype. Reconstitution of the mitochondrial genome or external hypoxic condition, to reverse the hypoxic-to-normoxic shift, diminished the endogenous induction of the mevalonate pathway and the activation of proto-oncogenic Ras. Reduction of mitochondrial genome content was associated with aggressive phenotype of prostate cancer in vitro cell line model and tissue specimens from prostate cancer patients in vivo. Our results elucidate a coherent mechanism that directly links the changes in mitochondrial genome with the advanced progression of the disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1125. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1125