tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sodium/Proton Exchanger 3 in the Medulla Oblongata and Set Point of Breathing Control
Authors: Martin Wiemann, Stilla Frede, Dieter Bingmann, Peter Kiwull, Heidrun Kiwull-Schöne
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

In vivo inhibition of the sodium/proton exchanger 3 (NHE3) in chemosensitive neurons of the ventrolateral brainstem augments central respiratory drive in anesthetized rabbits.To further explore the possible role of this exchanger for the control of breathing, we examined the individual relationship between brainstem NHE3 abundance and ventilation in rabbits during wakefulness.In 32 adult male rabbits on standard nutritional alkali load, alveolar ventilation, metabolic CO2 production, and blood gases were determined, together with arterial and urinary acid-base status and renal base control functions. Expression of NHE3 in brainstem tissue from the obex region was determined by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis.Regarding the distribution above and below the median, we classified high and low brainstem NHE3 animals, expressing a mean (+/- SEM) NHE3 mRNA of 2.08 +/- 0.28 and 0.72 +/- 0.06 fg cDNA/mg RNA, respectively. Alveolar ventilation of high brainstem NHE3 animals was lower than that of low brainstem NHE3 animals (715 +/- 36 vs. 919 +/- 41 ml . minute(-1); p < 0.01), a finding also reflected by a marked difference in Pa(CO2) (5.24 +/- 0.16 vs. 4.44 +/- 0.15 kPa; p < 0.01). Among possible secondary factors, CO2 production, systemic base excess, and fractional renal base reabsorption were not found to be different.We conclude that the level of brainstem NHE3 expression-most likely via intracellular pH modulation-contributes to the individual control of breathing and Pa(CO2) in conscious rabbits by adjusting the set point and the loop gain of the system.
A Concerned Optimist
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Restricting air travel may slow spread of flu
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

If an epidemic of avian influenza becomes likely, restricting airline travel might slow the spread of the disease and buy time for preventive measures, claims a study by American researchers. They showed that the spread of ordinary flu in the United States was delayed by the interruption in air travel after the attacks of 11 September 2001.

The World Health Organization and the US government are considering restricting air travel if an epidemic of H5N1 bird flu should occur.

In the study, which was published on 12 September in the online journal PLOS Medicine (doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030401), the authors used data on flu mortality from the US Centers …
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN ALBINO RAT COLONY FREE FROM MIDDLE EAR DISEASE
Authors: John B. Nelson, John W. Gowen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

A special colony of albino rats was built up by selection and isolation from a population in which middle ear disease was highly prevalent. No cases of aural infection occurred in the selected group, whereas its precursor showed a crude incidence of 57 per cent. The subjection of selected rats to a rachitic diet and to overcrowding did not predispose to the development of middle ear disease. The incidence of pneumonia was not similarly affected; thus, 52 per cent of the adult selected rats showed pulmonary lesions, and 78 per cent of the adult stock rats. There was, however, a significant reduction in the number of cases which showed advanced pulmonary lesions. Certain theoretical considerations of middle ear disease and of pneumonia are discussed.
The rise of doctor-patient working groups
Authors: C. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Doctors are increasingly taking the view that high standards of treatment and care come from marrying their perspectives to those of patients.1Setting up working groups of patients and doctors to explore similarities and differences in perspectives, values, and interests is one way of bringing about that marriage. The number of patient liaison groups in the medical royal colleges2 and the number of patient participation groups in general practice3 is increasing. Patients are being appointed to clinical audit groups,4 to research groups designing study protocols,5 and to groups developing clinical guidelines.6However, two questions arise: which patients should be appointed, and how should doctors judge the validity of what those who have been appointed say? Questions may also arise about the selection and contribution of health professionals to working groups. However, the familiar structure and ideology of the medical professionmake it easier to respond to these types of questions. It seems natural to appoint doctors to a working group who have experience relevant to the group's task, who have knowledgeof leading edge theory and practice in their field, and who can sustain good working relationships with patients and their representatives. The equivalent attributes should be sought from those representing patients: experience, expertise, and the ability to sustain good working relationships with doctors. But the ideology and structure of the patients' side is not yet well understood and this may make it hard to decide who to appoint. ### Summary points
A new method to monitor Kupffer cell phagocytosis continuously in perfused rat liver
Authors: Patricia E. Ganey, Barbara Keller, Steven N. Lichtman, John J. Lemasters, Ronald G. Thurman
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

A new method was developed to monitor Kupffer cell phagocytosis continuously in perfused liver using a fluorescent probe, rhodamine-gelatin, synthesized from gelatin and rhodamine isothiocyanate. In perfused rat liver, phagocytosis by Kupffer cells was assessed both by uptake of the dye and from fluorescence measured from the liver surface. Uptake of rhodamine-gelatin and surface fluorescence (520----585 nm) increased as perfusate concentrations of rhodamine-gelatin were elevated. Histological examination revealed that fluorescence caused by rhodamine-gelatin was concentrated in cells lining the sinusoid. Furthermore, when hepatic parenchymal, endothelial and Kupffer cells were isolated by centrifugal elutriation after pretreatment in vivo with rhodamine-gelatin, the fluorescent label was detected nearly exclusively in the Kupffer cell fraction. Fluorescence of rhodamine-gelatin from the liver surface was directly proportional to uptake of rhodamine-gelatin, indicating that measurement of surface fluorescence could be used as an index of phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells. Uptake of rhodamine-gelatin and fluorescent labeling of sinusoidal cells were inhibited nearly completely by dextran sulfate, which decreases phagocytic activity, and were increased by about 50% by pretreatment with endotoxin, which stimulates phagocytosis. This new method was combined with standard procedures to monitor parenchymal cell function (e.g., oxygen uptake and release of lactate dehydrogenase), Kupffer cell phagocytic activity and parenchymal cell injury simultaneously during perfusion with the hepatotoxicant allyl alcohol. Activation of phagocytosis by Kupffer cells monitored by rhodamine-gelatin fluorescence occurred within 5 min of addition of allyl alcohol. On the other hand, parenchymal cell injury, assessed from release of lactate dehydrogenase, did not begin until 40 min and reached maximal values at around 90 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AIDS Projections: How Farr Out?
Authors: Marc Artzrouni
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Drs Bregman and Langmuir<sup>1</sup>present projections of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic for adult homosexuals/bisexuals and intravenous drug users in the United States. These projections, based on Farr's Law of Epidemics, suggest that the annual incidence of AIDS crested in these groups in 1988 and has and will decrease rapidly thereafter, resulting in a total number of cases around 200 000 by the year 2000. Drs Bregman and Langmuir end their article by quoting a report by the US General Accounting Office<sup>2</sup>to say that none of the 13 national forecasts in that report "considered the concept that the epidemic might crest and then decline." In fact, projections that result in an early peak in AIDS incidence are not new and were presented as early as 1988<sup>3</sup>and are included in the report by the General Accounting
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Observed by Portable Monitoring
Authors: MICHAEL C. HINDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Twenty-seven patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (preexcitation) were monitored for 24 hours with a portable electrocardiographic recorder. During monitoring, no episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were detected. Despite this, eight patients experienced episodes of palpitation. These episodes reflected sinus tachycardia, premature beating, or no electrocardiographic abnormality. Of the 27 patients, 18 had intermittent preexcitation: 9 had gradual normalization as heart rate increased, 3 had sudden normalization above a critical atrial rate, and 6 had episodic unpredictable normalization of conduction. Thirteen patients had marked sinus arrhythmia, with or without sinus bradycardia, A-V junctional escapes, A-V dissociation, or sinus arrest. We conclude that [1] in a random 24-hour period the average patient with preexcitation does not experience paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; [2] symptoms suggesting such tachycardia are misleading; [3] intermittent preexcitation is common, reflecting changing autonomic tone, anomalous pathway refractoriness, or unknown causes; and [4] sinus node dysfunction is frequent in patients with preexcitation.
London's health service.
Authors: V Beardshaw
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The methods they developed have now spread throughout the world and have revolutionised work in many disci- plines.They have been used to investigate new drugs and pathological and normal physiological processes.They have contributed to a leap in our understanding of insulin secretion and hold out the promise of a better understanding of synaptic transmission in the brain-of obvious relevance to diseases such as epilepsy.Neher and Sakmann are scientists' scientists.They write modestly, without hyperbole or self advertisement, about what they have discovered (in a style reminiscent of that of Bernard Katz).Science and medicine have benefited, and will continue to benefit, enormously from their work.The Nobel committee has done the right thing to recognise its importance.
Can monitoring of intrathoracic impedance reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure? Rationale and design of the Diagnostic Outcome Trial in Heart Failure (DOT‐HF)☆
Authors: Frieder Braunschweig, Ian Ford, Viviane Conraads, Martin R. Cowie, Guillaume Jondeau, Josef Kautzner, Maurizio Lunati, Roberto Munoz Aguilera, Cheuk Man Yu, Monique Marijianowski, Martin Borggrefe, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
MYOCARDIAL STRETCH IN EARLY SYSTOLE IS A KEY FACTOR FOR THE SYNCHRONY OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MECHANICAL ACTIVITY IN VIVO
Authors: Giuseppe Caracciolo, Haruhiko Abe, Samir Saha, Luis Scott, Luca Lipar, Lawrence J. Mulligan, Jagat Narula, Partho P. Sengupta, UCI Irvine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Superglue inadvertently used as eyedrops.
Authors: B W Cromie
Journal: BMJ (1990)

stung region.In the case of stone fish poisoning, however, it is best that the concentrated necrotising venom is allowed to diffuse freely away from the region.Deaths due to the svstemic effects of the venom are extremely rare, with onlv a couple recorded in published work.Infection often occurs with this type of injury.It should be remembered that marine bacteria comprise a wide range of organisms, and many are resistant to common antibiotics and also may require saline media for culture.It follows that debridement should be assisted by washing the wound well with fresh or preferably sterile water.The drug of first choice is trimethoprim-sulpha- methazole.Tetanus prophvlaxis should also receive attention.
Methyl Iodide Intoxication
Authors: GERALD B. APPEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

A 41-year-old chemist developed methyl iodide intoxication. His case is presented with a review of pertinent literature. Characteristics of the poisoning include a delay between exposure and onset of symptoms; early systemic toxicity with congestive changes in the lungs and oliguric renal failure; prominent cerebellar and Parkinsonian neurologic symptoms as well as seizures and coma in severe cases; and psychiatric disturbances that can last from months to years. Although methyl iodide is a rare form of intoxicant, its manifestations are similar to that of poisoning with the other monohalomethanes that are not uncommon.
The Health Insurance Coverage of Hispanics
Authors: Andre N. Minuth
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Treviño et al<sup>1</sup>on health insurance coverage and utilization of health services among Hispanics by national origin leaves many questions to be answered before a realistic approach can be devised. In our area, Mexican-American persons may present as fourth-generation American citizens or as Mexican citizens who arrived a few days ago from Mexico in need of long-term health care. While noncitizens obviously receive all necessary emergent and urgent health services, it is not clear if these persons are eligible for free, routine, long-term services for which they can safely return to their native country. Do the authors have data as to citizenship and status of immigration?
Expulsion from medical society. 3
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ananya Das
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters7 August 2001Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Colorectal CancerAnanya Das, MDAnanya Das, MDP. Singhania Research Institute; New Delhi 110019, India (Das)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-3-200108070-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their analysis of the cost-effectiveness of screening for colorectal cancer, Sonnenberg and colleagues (1) conclude that screening by colonoscopy is cost-effective. However, a few points need further clarification. In their cost calculations for diagnostic colonoscopy and colonoscopic polypectomy, the authors included the costs of such laboratory tests as prothrombin time and a complete blood count. These tests are not routinely recommended before colonoscopy (2), and the authors should not have included these costs in their calculation.In the Methods section, the authors state that “If an adenomatous polyp is found, surveillance colonoscopy is repeated every 3 ...References1. Sonnenberg A, Delcò F, Inadomi J. Cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy in screening for colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:573-84. [PMID: 11033584] LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Recommended use of laboratory studies before endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 1993;39:892-4. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Winawer S, Fletcher R, Miller L, Godlee F, Stolar M, Mulrow C, et al . Colorectal cancer screening: clinical guidelines and rationale. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:594-642. [PMID: 9024315] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Weinstein M, Siegel J, Gold M, Kamlet M, Russell L. Recommendations of the Panel on Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. JAMA. 1996;276:1253-8. [PMID: 8849754] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: P. Singhania Research Institute; New Delhi 110019, India (Das) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness of Colonoscopy in Screening for Colorectal Cancer Amnon Sonnenberg , Fabiola Delcò , and John M. Inadomi Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Colorectal Cancer Brian Budenholzer and H. Gilbert Welch Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Colorectal Cancer Amnon Sonnenberg Cost-Effectiveness of Screening for Colorectal Cancer Mark K. Chelmowski Metrics 7 August 2001Volume 135, Issue 3Page: 218KeywordsCancer screeningColonoscopyColorectal cancerComplete blood countElderlyLaboratory testsPolypectomiesProthrombin timeQuality adjusted life yearsQuality of life ePublished: 7 August 2001 Issue Published: 7 August 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Quantitative aspects of the latex-fixation and Whaaler-Rose tests.
Authors: A Cats, F Klein
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

The latex-fixation test (Singer and Plotz, 1956) is widely used as a serological criterion for rheumatoid arthritis (Alexander and McCarthy, 1966; Walton, 1968).The test is often carried out in serial dilution, by which a titre as well as an agglutination pattern is obtained.The usual practice is to choose a border- line titre in an empirical way and to call all titres above the borderline value positive and below it negative.Little attention has been paid in the litera- ture to the possible significance of the titre value irrespective of this borderline.Population studies suggest that the presence and titre of rheumatoid factors may be related to the severity of rheumatoid disease (Valkenburg, Ball, Burch, Bennett, and Lawrence, 1966; den Oudsten, Planten, and Post- huma, 1968).Several authors (Jacobson, Kammerer, Wolf, Epstein, and Heller, 1956; Ball and Lawrence, 1963; Hill and Greenbury, 1965; Cats and Hazevoet, 1970) have demonstrated a close correlation between a positive haemagglutination or latex-fixation test and the presence of subcutaneous nodules, radio- graphic evidence of articular erosions, and stage of disease.There are, however, many examples in the literature of individual cases in which the titre values did not follow the course of the disease.The agglutination pattern has recently received some attention (Schubart, Cohen, and Calkins, 1964).It has been established that some sera contain thermolabile components which influence the titre and the agglutination pattern in the latex-fixation test.Thus, in serial dilutions of positive iheumatoid sera, agglutination may be absent in the initial tubes, resulting in a pattern which resembles the prozone of certain other antibody-antigen reactions.This phenomenon has been studied in our laboratory (Valkenburg and de Mos, 1958; Klein, 1964).The inhibitor is thermolabile and is probably identical to the first component of complement.Previous heat inactivation of serum abolishes the prozone phenomenon and may enhance agglutination.The presence of the inhibitor may conceal possible agglutinators of the rheumatoid factor type (Klein, Valkenburg, van Zwet, and Lafeber, 1966).The present study was undertaken to investigate whether titre values and prozone phenomena could provide additional data of interest for the clinical evaluation and biological significance of the latex fixation test.Some results obtained with the Waaler- Rose test are also discussed.
Strong associations between HLA-DQA, DQB and DRB3 alleles and autoimmune chronic active hepatitis demonstrated by PCR oligonucliotide analysis
Authors: D.G. Doherty, P.T. Donaldson, J.M. Farrant, J.A. Underhill, I.G. McFarlare, G. Mieli-Vargani, P.J Johnson, K.I. Welsh, A.L.W.F. Eddleston, A.P. Mowat, R. Williams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Differential expression of cardiac ANP and BNP in a rabbit model of progressive left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: A. Luchner, F. Muders, O. Dietl, E. Friedrich, F. Blumberg, A.A. Protter, G.A.J. Riegger, D. Elsner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Activation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is considered a hallmark of myocardial remodeling. To determine magnitude and relative proportion of activation during the progression to heart failure, we assessed ANP and BNP gene expression in atrial and left ventricular (LV) tissue in a newly developed model of progressive rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure in rabbits. Methods: Six animals underwent progressive pacing with incremental rates (330 beats per min (bpm) to 380 bpm over 30 days), resulting in congestive heart failure (CHF). Five animals underwent pacing at 330 bpm for 10 days only (early LV dysfunction, ELVD) and five additional animals served as control group (CTRL). Results: ELVD was characterized by decreased mean arterial pressure (P=0.05 vs. CTRL) as well as significantly impaired LV function (LV fractional shortening (FS) P<0.01 vs. CTRL) and dilatation (P<0.01 vs. CTRL). CHF was characterized by further decreased mean arterial pressure (P<0.01 vs. ELVD), further impaired LV function (FS P<0.03 vs. ELVD) and dilatation (P<0.01 vs. CTRL). In control animals, significant ANP expression was observed only in atrial tissue (P<0.02 vs. BNP) while BNP expression was ubiquitous but marginal (LV P<0.05 vs. ANP). In ELVD, activation of ANP (atria and LV P<0.05 vs. CTRL) and BNP (atria P<0.05 vs. CTRL, LV n.s.) was observed. In CHF, LV-BNP increased further markedly (P<0.01 vs. CTRL, P<0.05 vs. ELVD) while atrial ANP and BNP expression as well as LV ANP expression remained unchanged (all P=n.s. vs. ELVD). Conclusion: The current studies demonstrate differential activation of atrial and LV ANP and BNP under normal conditions and during the progression to heart failure and provide a molecular basis for the superiority of BNP as marker of LV dysfunction and CHF.