tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Agglutinin Anti-M Associated with Pregnancy
Authors: C. C. Bowley, I. Dunsford
Journal: BMJ (1949)

In the following two cases of pregnancy the agglutinin anti-M was detected.Case 1Mrs. A, aged 27, was expecting delivery of her first child on December 22, 1946.The serological findings are shown in the Table.May 20.-Mrs.A: Group A Rh-negative (cde/cde).W.R. negative.No abnormal antibodies active at 370 C. August 1.-Mr.A : Group 0 Rh-positive.His cells were not agglutinated at 370 C. by his wife's serum (saved from May 20 and stored at -200 C.).December 3.-Mrs.A : Serum contains an antibody active at 37°C.agglutinating 13 different red cell suspensions (two Rh-negative and 11 Rh-positive), each known to contain the antigen M, but did not agglutinate seven different red cell suspensions all lacking in the antigen M.December 10.-Mrs.A: Red cells-Group A Rh-negative N,P.Serum-action of antibody identical with that of a known anti-M when tested against 100 unknown cells.Titre of anti- body 128 at 370 C., 200 C., and 4°C., with a weak reaction at 370 C. and a visual reaction at 40 C. December 16.-Mrs.A was delivered of an apparently healthy child showing no clinical signs of haemolytic disease of the newborn.The placenta was normal in appearance and weight.
Anticoagulant Responses to Thrombin Are Enhanced During Regression of Atherosclerosis in Monkeys
Authors: Steven R. Lentz, Francis J. Miller, Donald J. Piegors, Rochelle A. Erger, José A. Fernández, John H. Griffin, Donald D. Heistad
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Diet-induced atherosclerosis in monkeys produces abnormal anticoagulant responses to thrombin, including decreased generation of activated protein C (APC). We tested the hypothesis that anticoagulant responses to thrombin increase toward normal during regression of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— Six cynomolgus monkeys were fed a high-fat atherogenic diet for 44 months and then a low-fat regression diet for 8 months. Serum total cholesterol decreased from 417±44 to 68±6 mg/dL (mean±SEM) and LDL cholesterol decreased from 375±44 to 27±5 mg/dL after the regression diet. In response to infusion of thrombin, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) increased by 11±3 seconds before the regression diet and by 41±22 seconds after the regression diet ( P =0.01). The peak level of circulating plasma APC was 52±9 ng/mL before the regression diet and 88±17 ng/mL after the regression diet ( P =0.01). The APC sensitivity of plasma factor V was identical before and after the regression diet. Three additional atherosclerotic monkeys that remained on the high-fat diet for 8 months demonstrated no change in APTT or activation of protein C in response to thrombin. Conclusions— Short-term dietary regression of atherosclerosis produces enhanced anticoagulant responses to thrombin in vivo.
Transmission of Tuberculosis in a Jail
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters16 May 2000Transmission of Tuberculosis in a JailWilliam W. Stead, MDWilliam W. Stead, MDUniversity of Arkansas College of Medicine; Little Rock, AR 72205-3867 (Stead)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-10-200005160-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The paper by Jones and colleagues (1) describing extensive transmission of tuberculosis in a Memphis jail is quite informative. However, I think the authors of the paper and the author of the accompanying editorial (2) overlooked a factor that probably was operative in this unusual spread of tuberculosis—deficiency of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 caused by deprivation of sunlight in this predominantly dark-skinned group (90% of them were black and 90% were male). This vitamin is an important immunoregulatory hormone, deficiency of which has been shown to be associated with reactivation of dormant tuberculous infection (3).Upon inquiry, I learned ...References1. Jones TF, Craig AS, Valway SE, Woodley CL, Schaffner W. Transmission of tuberculosis in a jail. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:557-63. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Reichman LB. On target: a tuberculosis control strategy whose time has come [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:617-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Davies PD. A possible link between vitamin D deficiency and impaired host defense to Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tubercle. 1985;66:301-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Tsoukas CD, Provvedini DM, Manolagas SC. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a novel immunoregulatory hormone. Science. 1984;224:1438-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Douglas AS, Shaukat A, Bakhshi SS. Does vitamin D deficiency account for ethnic differences in tuberculosis seasonality in the UK? Ethnicity and Health. 1998;3:247-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William W. Stead, MDAffiliations: University of Arkansas College of Medicine; Little Rock, AR 72205-3867 (Stead) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTransmission of Tuberculosis in a Jail Timothy F. Jones , Allen S. Craig , Sarah E. Valway , Charles L. Woodley , and William Schaffner On Target: A Tuberculosis Control Strategy Whose Time Has Come Lee B. Reichman Metrics 16 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 10 Page: 843 Keywords Hormones Immune system Pulmonary diseases Tuberculosis Vitamin D ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Three-year clinical follow-up after Palmaz-Schatz stenting
Authors: Bruce D. Klugherz, Debra L. DeAngelo, Back K. Kim, Howard C. Herrmann, John W. Hirshfeld, Daniel M. Kolansky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Our goals were to examine late clinical outcome in a cohort of patients who electively received Palmaz-Schatz intracoronary stents, to identify specific predictors of outcome and to determine the time course of the development of ischemic cardiac events after stenting. Short-term results of Palmaz-Schatz intracoronary stenting have been promising, with a reduction in both angiographic restenosis and clinical cardiac events up to 1 year after stenting. We analyzed the clinical outcomes in 65 consecutive patients who underwent stenting at least 3 years before analysis. Demographic, clinical and procedural predictors of survival and event-free survival, defined as freedom from myocardial infarction, stent-site percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass graft surgery or death, were analyzed at a mean follow-up of 39 ± 17 months. Absolute survival and event-free survival at 3 years were 88% and 56%, respectively. Three-year freedom from stentsite revascularization was 66%. Predictors of decreased long-term survival (p < 0.05) included diabetes and a high angina score (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III/IV) at 6 and 12 months after stenting. Predictors of decreased event-free survival (p < 0.05) included a high angina score at 3, 6 and 12 months after stenting, smaller stent deployment balloon size and greater number of stents implanted. Freedom from adverse events by 6 months after stenting also correlated with long-term event-free survival. Eighty-five percent of stent-site revascularizations occurred within 1 year. During late follow-up (>24 months), no patients had stent-site stenoses requiring revascularization, whereas 11% of patients required revascularization in nonstented coronary segments. Clinical predictors of worse long-term outcome included diabetes mellitus, higher angina score at follow-up, smaller stent deployment balloon size and greater number of stents at implantation. During follow-up, the majority of adverse events and stent-site revascularizations occurred early after stenting, and disease progression in nonstented vessels accounted for the majority of late revascularization events.
THE "NURSING SHORTAGE"
Authors: MAY AYRES BURGESS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

This is a report of progress. The American Medical Association is one of the seven national organizations officially represented on the Committee on the Grading of Nursing Schools. For the year 1927 it contributed $5,000 for the support of the work. Other organizations and individuals also contributed generously. This is a brief summary of what has been done with the money. The chief activity of the year has been in connection with the "Supply and Demand" study. It was felt by the committee that the actual grading of schools could not safely be undertaken until more was known as to the causes for the prevailing unrest, not only in the nursing profession itself but in the ranks of physicians, hospital and public health workers, and patients, who come in contact with nursing problems. Accordingly, the first year has been spent in gathering reports from representatives of all these fields to
Gestational Mercury Vapor Exposure and Diet Contribute to Mercury Accumulation in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Daniel L. Morgan, Herman C. Price, Reshan Fernando, Sushmita M. Chanda, Robert W. O’Connor, Stanley S. Barone, David W. Herr, Robert P. Beliles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Exposure of pregnant Long-Evans rats to elemental mercury (Hg0) vapor resulted in a significant accumulation of Hg in tissues of neonates. Because elevated Hg in neonatal tissues may adversely affect growth and development, we were interested in how rapidly Hg was eliminated from neonatal tissues. Pregnant rats were exposed to 1, 2, or 4 mg Hg0 vapor/m3 or air (controls) for 2 hr/day from gestation day 6 (GD6) through GD15. Neonatal brain, liver, and kidney were analyzed for total Hg at various times between birth and postnatal day 90 (PND90). Milk was analyzed for Hg between birth and weaning (PND21). Before weaning, the Hg levels in neonatal tissues were proportional to maternal exposure concentrations and were highest in kidney followed by liver and then brain. There was no elimination of Hg between birth and weaning, indicating that neonates were exposed continuously to elevated levels of Hg during postpartum growth and development. Consumption of milk from exposed dams resulted in a slight increase in kidney Hg concentration during this period. Unexpectedly, neonatal Hg accumulation increased rapidly after weaning. Increased Hg was measured in both control and exposed neonates and was attributed to consumption of NIH-07 diet containing trace levels of Hg. By PND90, tissue Hg levels equilibrated at concentrations similar to those in unexposed adult Long-Evans rats fed the same diet. These data indicate that dietary exposure to trace amounts of Hg can result in a significantly greater accumulation of Hg in neonates than gestational exposure to high concentrations of Hg0 vapor.
Annual decline of lung function in pulmonary emphysema: influence of radiological distribution.
Authors: J A Hughes, D C Hutchison, D Bellamy, D E Dowd, K C Ryan, P Hugh-Jones
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Fifty-six male patients with pulmonary emphysema and normal serum alpha 1-antitrypsin were followed for a minimum period of three years (range 3-13 yr) to observe the effects of the radiological distribution of emphysema on the annual rate of change of lung function indices. The subjects were placed in three categories--upper zone (UZ), lower zone (LZ), and generalised (G). The influence of smoking was taken into account with subjects in each radiographic category being divided into ex-smokers (group EX-S) and continuing smokers (group S). The rate of decline of FEV1, VC, TCO, and KCO was greater in group S than EX-S in all three x-ray categories. In group S, FEV1, VC, TCO, and KCO declined significantly faster in UZ emphysema than in G emphysema. In group EX-S, FEV1, TCO, and PaO2 declined significantly faster in UZ than G emphysema but VC remained unaltered. KCO and PaCO2 did not change significantly in any radiographic category in either group S or EX-S. Patients with G and LZ emphysema underwent very similar physiological changes over the course of time. Those with UZ emphysema, however, complained of exertional dyspnoea at an earlier age; a number of their lung function indices deteriorated at a faster rate than in patients from the other two categories, suggesting that UZ emphysema is a different disease entity.
Incidence of severe disability among very premature babies has not changed for a decade
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> There is an urgent public need to readdress the school closure strategies. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in schools and school-aged children to understand their roles in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> All schools in Korea <h3>Patients</h3> All school-aged children in Korea. <h3>Interventions</h3> None (observational study). <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Incidence rate, proportion of affected schools. <h3>Results</h3> Between February and December 2020, the incidence rate was lower among school-aged children (63.2–79.8 per 100 000) compared with adults aged 19 and above (130.4 per 100 000). Household was the main route of transmission (62.3%), followed by community (21.3%) and school clusters (7.9%). Among the schools in Korea, 52% of secondary schools had COVID-19 cases, followed by 39% of primary schools and 3% of kindergartens. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found that schools and school-aged children aged 7–18 years were not the main drivers of COVID-19 transmission. The major sources of transmission were households.
New male doctors earned 17% more than female doctors in US in 2008
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Newly trained male doctors in the United States are paid on average $16 819 (£10 450; €12 350) more a year than their female colleagues, a new study has found. More discouraging is that the pay gap has widened over the past 10 years.

In 1999 female doctors received an average starting salary of $151 600 a year, 12.5% lower than the men’s salary of $173 400, shows the study published in Health Affairs (2011;30:2193-201, doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0597). By 2008 the gap had widened to nearly 17%, with women being paid $174 000 and men $209 300.

The study used survey data collected between 1999 and 2008 from doctors exiting residency training programmes in New York state, which has the …
Abstract 3765: Prediction of pancreatic cancer growth based on multiple markers
Authors: Kiyoko F. Aoki-Kinoshita, Xi Chen, Wai-Ki Ching, Karin Yokozawa, Kazuaki Shimada, Nobuyoshi Hiraoka, Kensei Maeshiro, Koh Furuta
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract In the clinical laboratory, large amounts of laboratory data are accumulated, which may provide clues to aid in the prediction of various disease states. However, most work has focused on finding a single marker for diagnosis, which oftentimes perform poorly. The reason for this is that combinations of multiple markers are what need to be used for prediction, complicating matters. In the bioinformatics field, support vector machines (SVMs) for classification and feature extraction have gained much popularity due to their ability to handle multi-dimensional data and to pinpoint (combinations of) specific features that are key to the classification problem at hand. Using our preoperative clinical laboratory data based on 254 surgically operated and histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer patients, we attempted to classify the extent of cancer growth by (1) first finding the most pertinent markers, or features, for classification, (2) training the SVM classifier using the selected features, and (3) using the discrimination scores returned by the SVM to draw a line between the classes such that predictions can be made directly from the clinical laboratory data. We tested various classifications, such as between poorly- and well-differentiation of cancer growth, and as a result of (1), we found that previously suspected markers always ranked highly: CA19-9, elastase I, amylase, and fibrinogen. After performing step 2, we were able to establish an equation for each classification using the corresponding features such that new clinical laboratory data can be automatically classified as belonging to one of the trained classes. Thus, by specifying the values of CA19-9, elastase I and amylase for a new patient, for example, if the result of the equation is &amp;gt; 0, we may predict well differentiated cancer whereas a value of &amp;lt; 0 indicates poorly differentiated cancer. Using these equations, we could accurately classify our current data at a rate of almost 90% accuracy. Previous work have shown that SVMs are useful in prediction, but this is the first work that presents a mathematical model that can directly utilize clinical laboratory data for diagnosis, indicating its strong potential as an indicator for cancer growth prediction based on multiple markers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3765.
Investigators' Responsibilities for Human Subjects in Developing Countries
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Most people agree that investigators assume some responsibility for their human subjects, but how much? And does it matter where the research is carried out? These issues are raised by the report by Quinn et al. elsewhere in this issue of the Journal 1 and by an earlier paper in the Lancet 2 concerning another phase of the same project.The project was carried out in 10 clusters of rural villages in Uganda to delineate the risk factors associated with heterosexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Villagers (including pregnant women) were surveyed on five occasions at 10-month intervals. . . .
Cancer Practice: A Multidisciplinary Journal of Cancer Care
Authors: Charles L. Bennet
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The bimonthly journal<i>Cancer Practice</i>from the American Cancer Society (ACS) is this society's third publication. It fills a void in original multidisciplinary research articles on issues related to the clinical practice of oncology. The editorial board, reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of the journal, includes nurses, pharmacists, social workers, and physicians. The editor, Genevieve V. Foley, RN, MSN, OCN, CNAA, from Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, has taken a broad view of the mission of the journal and is targeting a broad-based readership different from the intended audiences of the ACS journals<i>CA</i>(internists and family practitioners) and<i>Cancer</i>(oncologists). <i>Cancer Practice</i>addresses important and diverse subjects, such as cancer support groups, quality-of-life studies, sexuality after breast cancer surgery, state initiatives for cancer pain management, cancer screening, and psychosocial consequences of inadequate health insurance. In addition, special columns address clinically relevant areas such as issues in collaborative practice and multidisciplinary rounds.
998-122 Fibrinolytic Potential is Increased by Estrogen Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Otavio C.E. Gebara, Brian Walsh, Murray A. Mittleman, Louise Greenberg, Francine K. Welty, Izabela Lipinska, Da-Li Feng, Frank Sacks, Geoffrey H. Tofler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
CD1d-Restricted T Cells License B Cells to Generate Long-Lasting Cytotoxic Antitumor Immunity<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Yeonseok Chung, Byung-Seok Kim, Yeon-Jeong Kim, Hyun-Jeong Ko, Sung-Youl Ko, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Chang-Yuil Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Although resting B cells are known for being poorly immunogenic and for inducing T-cell tolerance, we have here attempted to test whether their immunogenicity could be enhanced by CD1d-restricted invariant T cells (iNKT) to a point where they could be used in cellular vaccines. We found that the addition of the iNKT ligand α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) to peptide-loaded B cells overcame peptide-specific T-cell unresponsiveness and allowed for the generation of peptide-specific memory CTL immunity. This CTL was induced independently of CD4 T and natural killer cells but required iNKT and CD8 T cells. B cells directly primed CTL, and the αGalCer and the peptide must be presented on the same cell. Importantly, our B-cell–based vaccine is comparable in efficiency with dendritic cell–based vaccines, inducing similar CTL responses as well as providing an effective regimen for preventing and suppressing s.c. and metastatic tumors. Therefore, with the help of iNKT, peptide-pulsed B cells can establish long-lasting antitumor immunity and so show promise as the basis for an alternative cell-based vaccine. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(13): 6843-50)
PWE-049 Audit On Emr Of Large Colonic Polyps (size &gt;20 Mm)
Authors: MS Mohammad, R Robinson, J DeCaestecker
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Large sessile colonic polyps are increasingly managed by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR); a large multicentre Australian study of 479 patients showed that 89% of sessile polyps were removed in a single session, 20% recurred of which 90% were successfully retreated. <h3>Methods</h3> To assess success of EMR of colonic sessile polyps (2 operators, 1 centre), recurrence, complications and need for surgery. 68 patients Mean patient age 68.5 years; 70 sessile polyps (2 patients had 2 large polyps each); mean size 35 mm (range: 20–100 mm), underwent EMR 2009–2013. Follow up: mean 11 months (range: 3–38 m). Indications: 25% of patients from BCSP. Site: rectum (46%), sigmoid (27%), descending (3%), transverse (7%), ascending (7%) and caecum (10%). <h3>Results</h3> 4/70 polyps contained foci of adenocarcinoma. 1/4 with cancer had surgery and 11/70 await check endoscopy; thus, 47/59 (80%) had no recurrence at repeat endoscopy (including 3/4 with foci of cancer). Of 12/59 (20%) recurrences, 8 were retreated (2 required more than 1 re-treatment) and remain polyp free. 1 further recurrence is still under endoscopic FU. Surgery: The remaining 3 recurrences had surgery (2 rectal, 1 caecal); the surgical specimen from 1 rectal recurrence contained unsuspected cancer. The one patient who had surgery for a polyp-cancer showed no residual tumour in the operative specimen. Complications: There were no deaths nor surgery required for complications. 13 (19%) procedural bleeding successfully treated (diathermy/clips); 1 perforated rectal EMR clipped and 1 post-polypectomy pain syndrome, both resolved with conservative management. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Large sessile colonic polyps can be managed safely and effectively with EMR. We achieved 93% complete eradication of the polyps (8 after retreatment). <h3>Reference</h3> Moss A, Bourke MJ, Williams SJ, <i>et al</i>. <i>Gastroenterology</i> 2011 140(7):1909–18 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Prognostic significance of elevated plasma brain natriuretic polypeptide in patients with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis
Authors: Shin-ich Inoue, Toshio Shimada, Yo Murakami, Ko Nakamura, Hiromi Shimizu, Harumi Katoh, Yoko Ohta, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Oyake, Yutaka Ishibashi, Keiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
GMC clears doctors on accidental morphine overdose
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Two doctors who were accused of covering up an accidental overdose of morphine administered to a baby born seven weeks prematurely were found not guilty of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council (GMC) last week. The junior doctor who prepared the drug, at 100 times the intended amount, for one day old Louise Wood was also cleared.

The drug was administered at Rotherham District Hospital on 1 October 1995, to sedate the 1.5 kilogram twin, who was having breathing problems, so that a chest drain tube could be …