tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation of alterations in cation exchange and sarcolemmal ultrastructure produced by neuraminidase and phospholipases in cardiac cell tissue culture.
Authors: G A Langer, J S Frank, K D Philipson
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Myoblasts and fibroblasts in cultured derived from neonatal rat hearts were exposed to neuraminidase and phospholipases C (PLC) and A2 (PLA2). Calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) exchange of the cells was measured before and after enzymatic exposure. The exchange characteristics of control and treated cells were correlated with cellular ultrastructure including assessment of intramembrane particle (IMP) density and aggregation by freeze-fracture. Neuraminidase exposure (removal of sialic acid) known to produce marked increase in calcium permeability without change in potassium permeability in myoblasts produced no change in IMP configuration of these cells. PLC, however, produced marked increase in both Ca and K permeabilities, permitted entry of La, and was associated with IMP aggregation in myoblastic cells. PLA2 produced no change in ionic permeability and no alteration in intramembrane particle configuration in myoblasts. Exposure of fibroblasts to PLC caused no change in either Ca or K permeability and no change in IMP distribution. These results, coupled with those of previous studies of permeability changes induced by sialic acid removal, indicate that control of cellular Ca permeability resides in at least two separate sites at the cellular surface: (1) the glycocalyx and (2) the lipid bilayer. By contrast, K permeability control is based within the bilayer. Ultrastructural correlations suggest that IMP aggregation may be associated with changes in bilayer permeability.
CONTROLLED TRIAL OF EARLY MOBILISATION AND DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL IN UNCOMPLICATED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: JaneE. Harpur, W.T. Conner, M. Hamilton, R.J. Kellett, H.-J.B. Galbraith, J.J. Murray, J.H. Swallow, G.A. Rose
Journal: The Lancet (1971)
Normothermic ischaemic cardiac arrest of isolated working rat heart: effects of reserpine and propranolol on functional, metabolic and morphological recovery
Authors: Y EDOUTE, D GRANEY, D SANAN, J C N KOTZE, A LOCHNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The ability to preserve myocardial structural and functional integrity during extended periods of total ischaemia has practical clinical significance. The role of endogenous catecholamines in the onset of irreversible damage in global ischaemia of the isolated rat heart was assessed by β-blockade or catecholamine depletion. The effects of propranolol and reserpine pretreatment on myocardial ultrastructure, function and metabolism were studied during normothermic ischaemic arrest (NICA) and reperfusion of the isolated working rat heart. β-blockade as well as catecholamine depletion resulted in an increase in the percentage of totally ischaemic hearts which recovered mechanically upon reperfusion. In these studies mechanical recovery during reperfusion was associated with reversal of ultrastructural ischaemic alterations, but without an improvement in mitochondrial function. These findings support the concept that failure of mitochondria to recover functionally upon reperfusion is not the cause of either irreversible mechanical failure or ultrastructural damage of the ischaemic myocardium.
Plasma Cytokines, Cytokine Antagonists, and Disease Progression in African Women Infected with HIV-1
Authors: Donald M. Thea
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objectives: To examine the relation of circulating cytokines and cytokine antagonists to the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: An ambulatory acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research clinic in Kinshasa, Zaire. Patients: 48 women with AIDS, 51 women with HIV infection who were clinically asymptomatic, and 11 female controls who did not have HIV infection, all from Zaire. Measurements: Plasma levels of interleukin-1 β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interferon-γ, interleukin-1 β receptor antagonist (interleukin-1Ra), and TNF soluble receptor p55 (TNFsRp55) were assayed by specific radioimmunoassays. Plasma levels of interferon-γ were assayed by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess the significance of mean and median differences between groups. Results: Of the 48 patients with AIDS, circulating interleukin-1 β was detected in 2, TNF-α in 4, interleukin-6 in 3, and interleukin-8 in 12. None of these factors were seen in any of the 11 controls. Median values of interleukin-1 β (320 pg/mL), TNF-α (210 pg/mL), and interleukin-8 (750 pg/mL) were elevated in HIV-infected asymptomatic patients compared with patients with AIDS (2-, 2.6-, and 18.7-fold higher, respectively; P < 0.001). Interleukin-1Ra and TNFsRp55 levels were substantially higher than interleukin-1 β and TNF-α levels in HIV-infected asymptomatic patients (73- and 14-fold, respectively) and were higher than those in patients with AIDS (17.8- and 1.74-fold, respectively). Conclusion: High circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 β and TNF-α, combined with an excess of their natural inhibitors interleukin-1Ra and TNF-sRp55, were seen in clinically asymptomatic HIV-1-positive African women but not in African women with AIDS or in HIV-negative controls. Circulating cytokine antagonists may play a clinical role in modulating cytokine-associated symptoms in the early phases of HIV infection.
A piece of my mind. The intubation
Authors: D. P. Sklar
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Telemetry-Medical Command in Coronary and Other Mobile Emergency Care Systems
Authors: Eugene L. Nagel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

By means of a telemetry-medical command system, a program based on cooperation between in-hospital physicians and mobile paramedical rescue crews, 146 consecutive victims were monitored remotely by telemetered electrocardiogram over a 24-month period. Of those successfully monitored, ventricular fibrillation or standstill was found in 15% while bradyrhythmias were found in 6%. Response time by rescue vehicle was four minutes or less in 80% of the cases. This mobile emergency care system offers advantages over new and special physician-staffed systems in that it has very fast response times, uses highly trained paramedics, possesses immediate availability, entails lower costs, permits higher utilization by applying to a greater variety of emergency conditions, and commands general community acceptance. Defibrillation of a victim outside the hospital was monitored by radio.
Neurobehavioral Performance of Residents After Heavy Night Call vs After Alcohol Ingestion
Authors: J. Todd Arnedt, Judith Owens, Megan Crouch, Jessica Stahl, Mary A. Carskadon
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Concern exists about the effect of extended resident work hours; however, no study has evaluated training-related performance impairments against an accepted standard of functional impairment.To compare post-call performance during a heavy call rotation (every fourth or fifth night) to performance with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 to 0.05 g% (per 100 mL of blood) during a light call rotation, and to evaluate the association between self-assessed and actual performance.A prospective 2-session within-subject study of 34 pediatric residents (18 women and 16 men; mean age, 28.7 years) in an academic medical center conducted between October 2001 and August 2003, who were tested under 4 conditions: light call, light call with alcohol, heavy call, and heavy call with placebo.Residents attended a test session during the final week of a light call rotation (non-post-call) and during the final week of a heavy call rotation (post-call). At each session, they underwent a 60-minute test battery (light and heavy call conditions), ingested either alcohol (light call with alcohol condition) or placebo (heavy call with placebo condition), and repeated the test battery. Performance self-evaluations followed each test.Sustained attention, vigilance, and simulated driving performance measures; and self-report sleepiness, performance, and effort measures.Participants achieved the target blood alcohol concentration. Compared with light call, heavy call reaction times were 7% slower (242.5 vs 225.9 milliseconds, P<.001); commission errors were 40% higher (38.2% vs 27.2%, P<.001); and lane variability (7.0 vs 5.5 ft, P<.001) and speed variability (4.1 vs 2.4 mph, P<.001) on the driving simulator were 27% and 71% greater, respectively. Speed variability was 29% greater in heavy call with placebo than light call with alcohol (4.2 vs 3.2 mph, P = .01), and reaction time, lapses, omission errors, and off-roads were not different. Correlation between self-assessed and actual performance under heavy call was significant for commission errors (r = -0.45, P = .01), lane variability (r = -0.76, P<.001), and speed variability (r = -0.71, P<.001), but not for reaction time.Post-call performance impairment during a heavy call rotation is comparable with impairment associated with a 0.04 to 0.05 g% blood alcohol concentration during a light call rotation, as measured by sustained attention, vigilance, and simulated driving tasks. Residents' ability to judge this impairment may be limited and task-specific.
Hypotony Maculopathy after Filtering Surgery with Mitomycin C
Authors: Iván J. Suñer, David S. Greenfield, Michael P. Miller, Marcelo Texeira Nicolela, Paul F. Palmberg
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)

Purpose: Hypotony maculopathy after glaucoma filtering surgery with adjunctive mitomycin C has been reported to occur in 3% to 14% of cases.The authors evaluated its incidence when using a corneal safety-valve incision intended to reduce its occurrence.The authors also evaluated a technique for reversing hypotony maculopathy by reoperation using two sets of stitches in the scleral flap, with one set tied tightly to temporarily raise the intraocular pressure, stretch the sclera, and flatten chorioretinal folds.Methods: The authors reviewed the results of 699 procedures performed between April 1991 and October 1994.All were performed or supervised by one surgeon (PFP).Results: Hypotony maculopathy developed in 9 (1.3%) of 699 eyes.There was a statistically significant higher incidence in primary filters (4%) as compared to secondary filters or combined procedures.After revision, eight (89%) of nine recovered visual acuity of greater than or equal to 20/30 and the mean intraocular pressure was 14.5 :±: 4 mmHg at a mean follow-up of 15 months. Conclusion:The incidence of hypotony maculopathy after glaucoma filtering surgery with mitomycin C using a corneal safety-valve incision is less than that reported in the literature without this incision.There is an increased risk in myopes, young patients, and primary filters.Early intervention with the described scleral flap revision technique usually allows restoration of prefiltration visual acuity without compromise of bleb function.
Amyloid Precursor Proteins Inhibit Heme Oxygenase Activity and Augment Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Masaaki Takahashi, Sylvain Doré, Christopher D Ferris, Taisuke Tomita, Akira Sawa, Herman Wolosker, David R Borchelt, Takeshi Iwatsubo, Seong-Hun Kim, Gopal Thinakaran, Sangram S Sisodia, Solomon H Snyder
Journal: Neuron (2000)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) generates the β-amyloid peptide, postulated to participate in the neurotoxicity of Alzheimer's disease. We report that APP and APLP bind to heme oxygenase (HO), an enzyme whose product, bilirubin, is antioxidant and neuroprotective. The binding of APP inhibits HO activity, and APP with mutations linked to the familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) provides substantially greater inhibition of HO activity than wild-type APP. Cortical cultures from transgenic mice expressing Swedish mutant APP have greatly reduced bilirubin levels, establishing that mutant APP inhibits HO activity in vivo. Oxidative neurotoxicity is markedly greater in cerebral cortical cultures from APP Swedish mutant transgenic mice than wild-type cultures. These findings indicate that augmented neurotoxicity caused by APP–HO interactions may contribute to neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease.
Kinesin-1-Mediated Capsid Disassembly and Disruption of the Nuclear Pore Complex Promote Virus Infection
Authors: Sten Strunze, Martin F. Engelke, I-Hsuan Wang, Daniel Puntener, Karin Boucke, Sibylle Schleich, Michael Way, Philipp Schoenenberger, Christoph J. Burckhardt, Urs F. Greber
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)
Normal luminal bacteria, especially Bacteroides species, mediate chronic colitis, gastritis, and arthritis in HLA-B27/human beta2 microglobulin transgenic rats.
Authors: H C Rath, H H Herfarth, J S Ikeda, W B Grenther, T E Hamm, E Balish, J D Taurog, R E Hammer, K H Wilson, R B Sartor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Genetic and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of clinical and experimental chronic intestinal inflammation. We investigated the influence of normal luminal bacteria and several groups of selected bacterial strains on spontaneous gastrointestinal and systemic inflammation in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Rats maintained germfree for 3-9 mo were compared with littermates conventionalized with specific pathogen-free bacteria. Subsequently, germfree transgenic rats were colonized with groups of five to eight bacteria that were either facultative or strictly anaerobic. Transgenic germfree rats had no gastroduodenitis, colitis, or arthritis, but developed epididymitis and dermatitis to the same degree as conventionalized rats. Colonic proinflammatory cytokine expression was increased in transgenic conventionalized rats but was undetectable in germfree and nontransgenic rats. Colitis progressively increased over the first 4 wk of bacterial exposure, then plateaued. Only transgenic rats colonized with defined bacterial cocktails which contained Bacteroides spp. had colitis and gastritis. Normal luminal bacteria predictably and uniformly induce chronic colonic, gastric and systemic inflammation in B27 transgenic F344 rats, but all bacterial species do not have equal activities.
Victor Morrison Hawthorne
Authors: C. G. R. K. G. Watt
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Victor Morrison Hawthorne attended school at Rutherglen Academy. His university entrance was delayed by the war, in which he served as a captain in the special services of the Royal Artillery in Burma. After graduating he worked as a general practitioner in Dunoon before joining the infectious disease unit at Ruchill Hospital in Glasgow. For his MD (with commendation) in 1963 he studied “tuberculosis in man, dog, and cat.” The most exotic aspect of his interest in TB transmission, however, was diagnosing the disease in a chest x-ray of Bobo the chimpanzee, star of Bertram Mills Circus when it visited Glasgow.

Victor coordinated the mass miniature radiography team that screened more than 700 000 Glaswegians for tuberculosis in a celebrated five week campaign in 1957. His crucial insight at the time was that the same approach could be applied to chest and heart disease. He wrote that although hospital specialists could study patients, they were not well placed to study diseases in the community. Initially, the mass miniature radiography …
Companies refuse to deliver drugs as hospital debts soar
Authors: K. Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Czech medical goods distributors have stopped delivering to several hospitals because of the hospitals' mounting debts.

The Association of Large Distributors is refusing to continue regular deliveries of drugs and other supplies to six hospitals that together owe its members 320 million koruna (£6.6m; $10.3; €10.4m). The association says that the restrictions may be extended to 30 hospitals if their debts continue to soar.

“Our members have decided to stop supplying medicines to hospitals where payments are outstanding for more than one year,” the association's chairman, Jiri Novotny, said. The health ministry has agreed to release 60 million koruna to help meet the total debts for medical supplies–but that amounts …
Skin Collagen and Thickness in Simple Obesity
Authors: M. M. Black, E. Bottoms, S. Shuster
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The effects of stretching of the skin on its collagen content and thickness have been studied in a group of subjects with chronic obesity. Despite the increase in skin surface a normal skin thickness, collagen content, and density were maintained. It is concluded that the skin stretching induced by prolonged obesity led to hypertrophy of collagen and that this had maintained both skin thickness and collagen content. It is not known whether this is due to enhanced synthesis or decreased degradation.
PROLONGED INTUBATION TUBES, WITH A METHOD LEADING TO THEIR EXTRACTION.
Authors: BURT RUSSELL SHURLY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

by attempts of surgeons to relieve the condition by suturing the perforation, the local poison being distributed to the general peritoneal cavity with overwhelming results.I open the gut, empty and wash it out, if possible, by means of the normal saline solution. 1have not had the opportunity of trying the alum solution, but I am sure that I have seen eases cuiedy not only by the alum method, but by making a tempo- rary window in the gut at the time, and doing a subsequent operation,, for relief of conditions present.Dr. Fred B. Lund, Boston-In regard to the fistulas, I Would rather close them than wait for Nature, and I think the patients would rather have this done.I do not advocate enterostomy in all eases of peritonitis, nor do I claim it is an unfailing cure.
Evidence That 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>Is the Physiologically Active Metabolite of Vitamin D<sub>3</sub>*
Authors: ROBERT BROMMAGE, HECTOR F. DELUCA
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

THE REALIZATION in the mid-1960s that vitamin D3 is metabolized led to an extensive effort by several laboratories to identify the metabolites produced and determine their biological activities. The identification of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] as the most potent and rapidly acting metabolite of vitamin D3 in stimulating intestinal absorption of calcium and mobilization of bone mineral suggested that this compound is the physiologically active hormonal form of the vitamin. Subsequent studies showing the rapid biological turnover of 1,25-(OH)2D3, the presence of a specific 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptor in target tissues, and the intricate regulation of the renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3)-1-hydroxylase all supported this theory. However, by the late 1970s the possibility that additional metabolites of vitamin D3 have actions distinct from those of 1,25-(OH)2D3, particularly on skeletal mineralization and embryonic chick development, was suggested by several groups. Particular attention has been focused on 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25-(OH)2D3], but other metabolites of vitamin D3, in addition to both 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3, potentially have unique physiological functions. This review presents and discusses the evidence that 1,25-(OH)2D3 is the sole physiologically active metabolite of vitamin D3. For detailed information on the metabolism and actions of vitamin D3, the reader is directed to recent reviews on these topics (1–12). No attempt has been made to discuss the data supporting the alternative theory to the one proposed in this review, namely that metabolites of vitamin D3 other than 1,25-(OH)2D3 are required for the complete expression of the actions of vitamin D3. These data have been reviewed elsewhere (13–15). In addition, potential actions of vitamin D3 metabolites on the renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus, the secretion of PTH, and muscular function have not been clarified, and these topics will not be extensively discussed.
Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of the Human Antibody Response to Streptococcal Group A Carbohydrate
Authors: Stanford T. Shulman, Elia M. Ayoub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The lack of impressive quantitative differences in antibody to various streptococcal extracellular and cellular antigens among patients with acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, and following uncomplicated streptococcal infection has prompted investigation of qualitative aspects of the antibody response among these patients. By using a radiolabeled antigenically univalent hapten derived from streptococcal A carbohydrate, affinity of serum antibody to A-carbohydrate (A-antibody) was studied by an ammonium sulfate precipitation technique. The data obtained demonstrate average association constants (K0S) of acute rheumatic fever patient sera to be significantly lower than those of acute glomerulonephritis or streptococcal infection patients (P<0.02 and P<0.001, respectively). Further analysis of the data from hapten binding studies documents the fact that the radioimmune precipitin assay for the determination of A-antibody level is little influenced by K0 but directly correlates with the concentration of antibody binding sites. These data suggest that qualitative differences in A-antibody are present between rheumatic and non-rheumatic individuals. It is unclear whether the finding of low-affinity A-antibody among acute rheumatic fever patients reflects a generalized phenomenon or one restricted to the A-antibody-A-carbohydrate system.