tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VlincRNAs controlled by retroviral elements are a hallmark of pluripotency and cancer
Authors: Georges St. Laurent, Dmitry Shtokalo, Biao Dong, Michael R. Tackett, Xiaoxuan Fan, Sandra Lazorthes, Estelle Nicolas, Nianli Sang, Timothy J. Triche, Timothy A. McCaffrey, Wendiong Xiao, Philipp Kapranov
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Abstract Background The function of the non-coding portion of the human genome remains one of the most important questions of our time. Its vast complexity is exemplified by the recent identification of an unusual and notable component of the transcriptome - very long intergenic non-coding RNAs, termed vlincRNAs. Results Here we identify 2,147 vlincRNAs covering 10 percent of our genome. We show they are present not only in cancerous cells, but also in primary cells and normal human tissues, and are controlled by canonical promoters. Furthermore, vlincRNA promoters frequently originate from within endogenous retroviral sequences. Strikingly, the number of vlincRNAs expressed from endogenous retroviral promoters strongly correlates with pluripotency or the degree of malignant transformation. These results suggest a previously unknown connection between the pluripotent state and cancer via retroviral repeat-driven expression of vlincRNAs. Finally, we show that vlincRNAs can be syntenically conserved in humans and mouse and their depletion using RNAi can cause apoptosis in cancerous cells. Conclusions These intriguing observations suggest that vlincRNAs could create a framework that combines many existing short ESTs and lincRNAs into a landscape of very long transcripts functioning in the regulation of gene expression in the nucleus. Certain types of vlincRNAs participate at specific stages of normal development and, based on analysis of a limited set of cancerous and primary cell lines, they appear to be co-opted by cancer-associated transcriptional programs. This provides additional understanding of transcriptome regulation during the malignant state, and could lead to additional targets and options for its reversal.
An occult breast mass
Authors: C J Burke, R Thomas, D C Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 69 year old woman was referred by her general practitioner to the rapid access breast clinic because of a two week history of painless swelling in the upper left breast. She had no history of nipple change or discharge, and she was otherwise well with no medical history of note. On clinical examination she had a firm, ill defined, and non-tender swelling above the left nipple, with no palpable axillary nodes. Free hand, fine needle aspiration was undertaken and she was referred for imaging. Bilateral mammography showed moderately dense breast tissue only, and no focal lesion was seen on ultrasound of the left breast. Results of needle cytology showed benign cells only. Because of persisting clinical concern and the dense breast tissue seen on mammography, breast magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Figure 1⇓ is an axial post-contrast, fat saturated magnetic resonance image through the superior portion of the breasts. This is a sequence that removes the signal from normal breast tissue, thereby highlighting areas of enhancement only. Fig 1 An axial post-contrast, fat saturated magnetic resonance image through the superior portion of the breasts ### Short answers
Abstract 10866: Novel Role of Macrophage-derived Matrix Vesicles in Arterial Microcalcification
Authors: Sophie E New, Julio F Marchini, Masanori Aikawa, Catherine M Shanahan, Kevin Croce, Elena Aikawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Microcalcifications located in the thin fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaques increase the risk of fatal ruptures. Using molecular imaging, we previously demonstrated that chronic renal disease (CRD) accelerates formation of macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques and calcification. Although cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in CRD, the mechanism remains unclear. Here we hypothesized that macrophages release microcalcification-generating matrix vesicles (MV), promoting atherosclerotic intimal calcification under CRD conditions. Macrophage number and calcified area were increased in apoE-/- mice with CRD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy vs. apoE-/- mice (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively; n=24). Near-infrared fluorescence microscopy, using hydroxyapatite-binding molecular imaging agent, readily detected microcalcifications, containing vesicular structures. S100A9, a newly suggested promoter of inflammation and calcification, was shown by immunohistochemistry to be increased in calcifying plaques a...
Carbamazepine and spina bifida.
Authors: P Oakeshott, G M Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1991)

for them to monitor whether any effective change had occurred.Only 17% of these schemes used information from routine data collection systems, supporting the comment by Ms Mugford and colleagues that the link between routine systems and clinical research and audit is tenuous.This survey was carried out at a time when interest in medical audit had just been awakened, and 37% of schemes were less than one year old; the situation may now be improved.Evidence from countries such as Canada,5 where audit has been practised for far longer, suggests that problems with completing the audit loop are not unique.Though it is not clear how to alter clinical behaviour most effectively, it is essential that at least the basic principles of audit, such as documenting and monitoring progress, are established if the current input of resources is to be used to any effect.
Runner's 'Hi'
Authors: William E. Straw
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Levin's pessimism about the existence of a "runner's high" (1982;248:24) may be accurate, endorphins notwithstanding. I would suggest the following substitution for the runner's high when approaching a fellow runner (euphoric or not): give that person a runner's "Hi!"
Comparison of Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and CIS (cellular injury score) for scoring of severity for patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
Authors: Shigeto Oda, Hiroyuki Hirasawa, Takao Sugai, Hidetoshi Shiga, Kazuya Nakanishi, Nobuya Kitamura, Tomohito Sadahiro, Takeshi Hirano
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2000)
Vitamin D insufficiency in myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndromes: Clinical correlates and prognostic studies
Authors: Animesh Pardanani, Matthew T. Drake, Christy Finke, Terra L. Lasho, Shaina A. Rozell, Thitina Jimma, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Vitamin D insufficiency is commonly observed in the general population; observational studies have suggested an association with increased risk of cancer development. We examined the clinical and prognostic relevance of low plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). A total of 409 patients were studied: 247 (60%) with primary myelofibrosis (PMF), 74 (18%) with de novo MDS, 63 (15%) with polycythemia vera (PV), and 25 (6%) with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Plasma 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; a level lower than 25 ng/mL indicated vitamin D insufficiency and a level lower than 10 ng/mL indicated severe deficiency. The proportion of patients with 25(OH)D insufficiency was significantly greater in PMF (48%) and PV (43%) when compared with ET (28%) and MDS (28%) (P = 0.01). Severe 25(OH)D deficiency was significantly more frequent in ET (12%) and PMF (9%), compared with PV (3%) and MDS (1%) (P = 0.05). There were no significant correlations between 25(OH)D insufficiency, or severe deficiency, and a variety of clinical or laboratory variables in PMF, MDS, or PV. Furthermore, Vitamin D insufficiency did not influence either overall or leukemia-free survival in PMF, MDS, or PV (P > 0.05). We conclude that while hypovitaminosis D is relatively common in MPN and MDS, its clinical relevance for prognosis is limited.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography Does Not Reliably Distinguish IgG4-Associated Cholangitis From Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis or Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Evangelos Kalaitzakis, Michael Levy, Terumi Kamisawa, Gavin J. Johnson, Todd H. Baron, Mark D. Topazian, Naoki Takahashi, Atsushi Kanno, Kazuichi Okazaki, Naoto Egawa, Kazushige Uchida, Kashif Sheikh, Zahir Amin, Tooru Shimosegawa, Neomal S. Sandanayake, Nicholas I. Church, Michael H. Chapman, Stephen P. Pereira, Suresh Chari, George J.M. Webster
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Invasively Assessed Coronary Flow Dynamics Improve Following Relief of Aortic Stenosis With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Anthony C Camuglia, Jaffer Syed, Pallav Garg, Bob Kiaii, Michael W Chu, Philip M Jones, Daniel Bainbridge, Patrick J Teefy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A multicenter study of 2,737 patients demonstrating the incremental mutlvariable prognostic value of stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: D.Douglas Miller, Gary V. Heller, Mark I. Travin, Karen L. Kesler, Elizabeth R. Delong, Eric L. Eisenstein, Henry Stratmann, Leslee J. Shaw
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract A30: Radiation resistance of human lung cancer stem cells (CSCs)
Authors: Roberto Gomez-Casal, Simul Parikh, Roje Saleet, Per Basse, Michael K. Gibson, Elieser Gorelik, Vera Levina
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common form of lung cancer, is treated with tumor resection and chemotherapy, with ionizing radiation (IR) treatment and chemotherapy used for patients with unresectable tumors. Despite improvements in medical management, 5-year survival rates for NSCLC remain low. Evidence suggests that resistance to radio- and chemotherapy is associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are undifferentiated cells with the capacity to self-renew and differentiate, restoring the tumor cell population following treatment. However, the mechanisms through which lung CSCs evade and resist radiation therapy remain poorly studied. We previously reported on our ability to isolate, culture, and assay human lung CSCs from cultured cell lines. We found the stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor c-kit functions in a crucial pathway for the self-renewal and proliferation of human lung CSCs. We discovered that a combination of cisplatin (to eradicate bulk tumor cells) and agents targeting SCF/c-kit signaling in CSCs (e.g., antibody neutralizing SCF and anti-c-kit RTK inhibitors) is an effective therapy against NSCLC in vitro. Here we extend our work to CSCs derived from primary NSCLC surgical tumor specimens. We analyzed lung CSC resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) and molecular mechanisms associated with CSC radioresistance. We found that human lung CSC radioresistance is mediated by preferential activation of the DNA damage checkpoint response and an increase in DNA repair capacity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors with anti c-kit activity (e.g., imatinib, dovitinib, sunitinib, and axitinib) were compared for their ability to abrogate lung CSC proliferation and potentiate effect of IR on NSCLC. We found that lung CSCs proliferation was abrogated by all of the four c-kit inhibitors; however, axitinib showed the most profound anti-CSC effect. The combination of IR treatment with SCF/ckit pathway inhibition eliminated bulk NSCLC cells and radiation resistant CSCs.
Charcot-like Arthropathy Following Intra-Articular Hydrocortisone
Authors: Charles Le Roy Steinberg
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The administration of steroid compounds, especially by the intra-articular route, has become increasingly frequent and popular. Although seemingly associated with few complications, its temporary beneficial effect and ease of administration makes this form of therapy, when used excessively, open to some abuse. A 51-year-old male, suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, received 22 injections of hydrocortisone solution to the right knee joint over a period of 2 years. There was a rapid deterioration of the joint structures, both symptomatically and on radiography. Pathology obtained during a compression arthrodesis procedure showed changes comparable to that of a Charcot-like joint, and the possible relationship of such a change to the repeated injections of steroids is discussed.
Preventing alcohol related harm to health
Authors: T. Groves
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Clamp down on alcohol promotion and set a minimum price

Alcohol misuse poses a huge public health problem, particularly in Europe. More than a fifth of European adults admit to binge drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion, or 50 g alcohol) at least once a week; of all World Health Organization regions Europe has the greatest proportion of alcohol related ill health and premature death; and the overall social cost of alcohol to the European Union is around €125bn (£110bn; $180bn) a year.1 In Scotland alone, adults drink the equivalent of 46 bottles of vodka, or 537 pints of beer, or 130 bottles of wine each a year.2 In England, more than a quarter of adults drink at hazardous levels, and the NHS spends £2.7bn a year on treating alcohol related conditions,3 while the overall cost to society of alcohol use each year amounts to around £20bn. 4 It is no wonder, however, that so many people drink so much. Since 1980 the real price of alcohol has fallen by nearly 70% in the United Kingdom, the liberalisation of licensing laws has made alcohol more widely available, and fierce competition between supermarket chains …
The Harvard Way
Authors: S. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Circulating cytokines response and the level of erythropoiesis in sickle cell anemia
Authors: Helena Croizat, Ronald L. Nagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

A hemoglobin F (HbF) level between eight and nine percent divides sickle cell anemia (SS) patients into two populations, according to the kinetics of circulating burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), long term culture-initialing cells (LTC-IC), and cytokine plasma concentrations. The SS patients with HbF levels lower than 8–9% are more anemic (LFSS patients) than those with HbF levels higher than 8–9% who have less severe anemia (HFSS patients). We report here that the level of erythropoiesis [evaluated by the levels of soluble transferin receptors (sTfR)] is not identical in these two patient populations, supporting the idea that a different set of regulatory mechanisms might be required to maintain the two levels of increased hematopoiesis. The plasma sTfR concentration was increased in all SS samples compared with controls (P < 0.002) and sTfR levels were negatively correlated with peripheral HbF%. (r = −0.574, P < 0.002). Furthermore, sTfR levels were higher in LFSS than in HFSS patients. Erythropoietin (Epo) levels were increased in the plasma of LFSS individuals (range = 34–215 ml U/ml), while the values in HFSS patients were in the normal range (3–20 ml U/ml). Furthermore, we identify here stem cell factor (SCF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as regulatory factors specifically affected by the presence of SS genotype and its level of severity. The plasma concentrations of SCF and TGF-β were increased compared with normal controls and high levels of SCF (up to 7,000 pg/ml) were detected in LFSS patients. The latter also showed increased proportion of SCF+ CD34 enriched circulating cells (49%). Low SCF in HFSS patients is associated with elevated TGF-β, suggesting a regulatory role of the latter on either SCF release or c-kit expression in progenitor cells. Occasional elevation of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-7, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α in plasma of SS patients is not specific because no relation to HbF could be demonstrated. All plasma tested for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) were negative. Data presented here, complementing previously published information, supports a model in which HFSS patients achieve a balance between inhibitory (TGF-β) and stimulatory (SCF, IL-3) factors, resulting in moderate erythropoietic response. In contrast, in LFSS patients, low levels of TGF-β and the increased release of GM-CSF and SCF maintain the intense erythropoiesis in response to higher erythropoietic stress, in these more severe patients. Am. J. Hematol. 60:105–115, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Recording Master's Two-Step Test Electrocardiograms
Authors: H. C. Rosenstiel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The interpretation of Master's two-step electrocardiogram tracings may be expedited by recording all four tracings on one strip of paper. The stylus of the electrocardiograph machine, is set to record as close as possible to the bottom edge of the paper and record the resting tracing. Opening the machine, the paper is manually wound back onto the feed roll. The stylus is then positioned above the first tracing, the patient performs the prescribed exercise, and the one-minute tracing is recorded. The same number of cycles or the same length of paper as the resting tracing are used for each lead. The paper is again wound backwards onto the feed roll and the three-minute tracing is recorded above the previous one, the rerolling is repeated, and the eightminute tracing is recorded above the previous (Figure). The first tracing can be positioned at the top of the paper, and
Should the ideal be the enemy of the good?
Authors: Vivien Davis Tsu
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

In Mattheij et al.1, the authors claim that HPV vaccine is not warranted in India due to supposedly low rates of cervical cancer and poor data. While we agree that the quality of registry data on cancer is far from ideal, that is true for many global health problems (including diabetes, which has no disease registry at all). Fortunately, lack of registries has not prevented governments from tackling pressing health problems.

We believe the authors have misinterpreted the Indian registry data. For example, they do not acknowledge that the decline in rates was an urban phenomenon, and that it was not reflected in the one rural registry (Barshi)2. To understand disease burden PATH relied upon the WHO's GLOBOCAN database3, which estimates that India has the highest absolute number of cervical cancer cases in the world.

The study sites in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat were selected in consultation with a national project advisory committee and were based on multiple criteria, not only regional disease incidence; these included immunization coverage, experience with new vaccine introduction, and commitment to adolescent health and cervical cancer prevention4.

The authors cite the WHO document on new vaccine introduction5 as requiring that disease burden data and national surveillance be in place before any new vaccine can be used. While these guidelines set out a worthy ideal to strive for, they did not hold up the introduction of polio or measles vaccines, neither of which has the kind of comprehensive surveillance system the authors call for.

Finally, the study was not an effort to introduce or rollout HPV vaccine either nationally or in the two Indian states. Its purpose was to generate evidence on feasible, acceptable, and affordable strategies for delivering the vaccines, should the Indian government decide one day that such a service belongs in their cervical cancer control program. Should that day come, the data generated by the HPV vaccine study will prove useful to immunization planners.
To the Public a Hospital Is a Hospital
Authors: Ray E. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE modern hospital is fast becoming a problem in semantics. The fact is becoming increasingly clear that a hospital does not mean the same thing to those who talk of overuse of hospital care as it means to those who use the care. If one listens long enough to the discussion of overuse of hospital care one gets the impression that two different parties may be seeing the same coin but that they are looking at different sides of that coin. Those doing the talking seem to see the hospital as the last place to which the sick should go . . .
THE DIABETIC PROBLEM OF TODAY
Authors: ELLIOTT P. JOSLIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A new race of diabetic patients has come on the scene. The duration of the diabetes among patients entering the hospital for treatment during 1923 was 5.6 years, or two years greater than in 1921 and 1922. The length of the disease among these living diabetic patients exceeds, by a year, the entire duration of the diabetes among all my fatal cases up to the year 1914. According to the standards of a decade ago, the average living hospital diabetic patient today is already more than one year dead.  The diabetic patient of today is an older diabetic patient—eleven years older than a decade ago. Early fatal cases and groups of living patients in former years were 41 years of age, but a similar group this last year was 52 years old.  The increasing morbidity of diabetes is reaching its maximum. This is evident on every hand. No increase is