tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Neurogenic and Endothelium-Mediated Relaxation of Penile Smooth Muscle from Diabetic Men with Impotence
Authors: I Saenz de Tejada, I Goldstein, K Azadzoi, R J Krane, R A Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Relaxation of the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa of the penis is necessary for penile erection. To determine the relation of impaired relaxation to impotence in diabetic patients, we performed an in vitro examination of corpus cavernosum tissue obtained at the time of implantation of a penile prosthesis in 21 diabetic and 42 nondiabetic men with impotence. Contraction was induced in isolated strips of corporal smooth muscle by norepinephrine; then relaxation was assessed with electrical stimulation of autonomic nerves and with the administration of three agents: acetylcholine, which is known to be mediated by endothelium-derived relaxing factor; papaverine; and sodium nitroprusside. The latter two act directly on smooth muscle (i.e., they are endothelium-independent). Autonomically mediated relaxation with electrical stimulation was less pronounced in the smooth muscle from diabetic men (n = 18) than in the smooth muscle from nondiabetic men (n = 24; P = 0.001). The degree of impairment increased with the duration of diabetes (r = 0.61, P = 0.007). Endothelium-dependent relaxation was also impaired, as evidenced by a lower degree of muscle relaxation after the administration of acetylcholine in the tissue from diabetic men (n = 16) than in that from nondiabetic men (n = 22; P = 0.001). The adverse effects of diabetes persisted after we controlled for smoking and hypertension. Endothelium-independent relaxation after the administration of nitroprusside and papaverine was similar in tissue from the diabetic and nondiabetic men. We conclude that diabetic men with impotence have impairment in both the autonomic and the endothelium-dependent mechanisms that mediate the relaxation of the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa. These findings may provide a rationale for the treatment of diabetic men with impotence by intracavernosal injection of vasodilators to induce endothelium-independent relaxation of the smooth muscle.
Outcome Analysis and Cost Assessment in Immunologic Disorders
Authors: Gary Stadtmauer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A number of novel biologic agents are being introduced to replace, enhance, or modulate immune responses in medical illnesses. The use of these therapies has become crucial in treating some of these diseases, yet there is relatively little available information about their cost-effectiveness. Two examples are presented. Interferon gamma, used in chronic granulomatous disease, costs about $140 for a 100-μg vial; yearly costs average $21 840 per patient. Study data estimated a 69% to 76% reduction in serious illness with interferon gamma treatment; a reduced incidence of infections could cover drug costs. Intravenous immunoglobulin is used lifelong in antibody deficiency and clearly reduces the number of serious illnesses. Projected savings derive from fewer hospital admissions and reduced organ damage, but infusion costs vary widely because of the prices charged for the drug and infusion services.
Campaigns work to change people's lifestyle
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Studies of social marketing campaigns to change people’s behaviour to improve their health show they work, according to the organisation set up by the Department of Health to help deliver patient health promotion strategies.

The National Social Marketing Centre has now launched a database, ShowCase, of fully researched case studies that show how social marketing can achieve and sustain positive changes in people’s behaviour to promote healthy lifestyles.

Health related social marketing uses a range of marketing concepts and techniques to achieve behavioural changes to improve …
Independent Association of High Blood Pressure and Aortic Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yoram Agmon, Bijoy K. Khandheria, Irene Meissner, Gary L. Schwartz, Tanya M. Petterson, W. Michael O’Fallon, Federico Gentile, Jack P. Whisnant, David O. Wiebers, James B. Seward
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta is associated with stroke. The association between hypertension, a major risk factor for stroke, and aortic atherosclerosis has not been determined in the general population. Methods and Results —Transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 581 subjects, a random sample of the Olmsted County (Minnesota) population aged ≥45 years participating in the Stroke Prevention: Assessment of Risk in a Community (SPARC) study. Blood pressure was assessed by multiple office measurements and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The association between blood pressure variables and aortic atherosclerosis was evaluated by multiple logistic regression, adjusting for other associated variables. Among subjects with atherosclerosis, blood pressure variables associated with complex aortic atherosclerosis (protruding plaques ≥4 mm thick, mobile debris, or ulceration) were determined. Age and smoking history were independently associated with aortic atherosclerosis of any degree ( P ≤0.001) and with complex atherosclerosis ( P =0.002), whereas sex, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index were not. Multiple systolic and pulse pressure variables (office and ambulatory), but none of the diastolic blood pressure variables, were associated with atherosclerosis and complex atherosclerosis, adjusting for age and smoking. Among subjects with atherosclerosis, the odds of complex atherosclerosis increased as ambulatory out-of-bed systolic blood pressure increased (odds ratio 1.43 per 10 mm Hg increase, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.87) and with hypertension treatment, adjusting for age and smoking history. Conclusions —High blood pressure is independently associated with aortic atherosclerosis. Among subjects with atherosclerosis, high blood pressure is associated with complex atherosclerosis.
Pharmacokinetics and expert systems as aids for risk assessment in reproductive toxicology.
Authors: D R Mattison, F R Jelovsek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

A minimal approach to risk assessment in reproductive toxicology involves four components: hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure characterization, and risk characterization. In practice, risk assessment in reproductive toxicology has been reduced to arbitrary safety factors or mathematical models of the dose-response relationship. These approaches obscure biological differences across species rather than using this important and frequently accessible information. Two approaches that are formally capable of using biologically relevant information (pharmacokinetics and expert system shells) are explored as aids to risk assessment in reproductive toxicology.
Maturity of teledermatology evaluation research: a systematic literature review
Authors: N. Eminović, N.F. de Keizer, P.J.E. Bindels, A. Hasman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Maturity of teledermatology evaluation research: a systematic literature review Get access N. Eminović, N. Eminović Departments of Medical Informatics and General Practice, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Correspondence: N. Eminović. E‐mail: n.eminovic@amc.uva.nl Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.F. De Keizer, N.F. De Keizer Departments of Medical Informatics and General Practice, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.J.E. Bindels, P.J.E. Bindels Departments of Medical Informatics and General Practice, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Hasman A. Hasman Departments of Medical Informatics and General Practice, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 3, 1 March 2007, Pages 412–419, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07627.x Published: 01 March 2007
557 Absolute CD4 T-cell subsets are decreased in HIV-seronegative patients with cirrhosis
Authors: B MCGOVERN, M LOPEZ, Y GOLAN, A LAWTON, G MOORE, D PRATT, M EPSTEIN, T KNOX
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We propose the use of a mean quadratic variation criteria to determine an optimal trading strategy in the presence of price impact. We derive the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) Partial Differential Equation (PDE) for the optimal strategy, assuming the underlying asset follows Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) or Arithmetic Brownian Motion (ABM). The exact solution of the ABM formulation is in fact identical to the static (price-independent) approximate solution for the mean–variance objective function in Almgren and Chriss (2000). The optimal trading strategy in the GBM case is in general a function of the asset price. The static strategy determined in the ABM formulation turns out to be an excellent approximation for the GBM case, even when volatility is large.
RISING PREVALENCE OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS TYPE III (HTLV-III) INFECTION IN HOMOSEXUAL MEN IN LONDON
Authors: C.A. Carne, S. Sutherland, R.B. Ferns, A. Mindel, I.V.D. Weller, R. Cheingsong-Popov, P. Williams, R. Tedder, M.W. Adler
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
A AND B SUBSTANCES AS A CAUSE OF REACTIONS FOLLOWING HUMAN PLASMA TRANSFUSIONS
Authors: MILTON LEVINE
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The use of plasma and serum in the treatment of shock has become widespread, since it offers advantages over whole blood in that both plasma and serum are more easily stored, transported and administered. Many workers<sup>1</sup>have stated that plasma, in reasonable quantities (arbitrarily set at 500 cc. or less) may be administered safely regardless of the blood group. They have reasoned that the isoantibodies in the transfused fluid would be diluted by the recipient's blood beyond the point at which it would agglutinate the recipient's cells. On the other hand, others<sup>2</sup>have emphasized the role of these same antibodies in causing transfusion reactions and have urged that either compatible plasmas be used or pooling be employed to decrease the titer of the antibodies. Despite the theoretical possibility that isoantibodies may cause reactions, there is no sound experimental evidence indicating that this is true for plasma. What evidence
Diffuse Lung Uptake of Technetium-99m Tin Colloid in Heat Stroke Case Report
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, JUNICHI TAKI, KINICHI HISADA, KENICHI KATSUKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Diffuse lung uptake of Tc-99m tin colloid during liver scanning was found in a patient with heat stroke. Slightly increased splenic uptake was present, but bone marrow uptake was not. A repeat liver scan seven days after the initial scan showed no lung uptake.
Neonatal intubation with the Cole tube
Authors: T. Lissauer, R. P A Rivers
Journal: BMJ (1990)

gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Furthermore, the advice to tailor treatment to the condition being treated is, in my view, best achieved by varying the duration of treatment.This is far more pragmatic as the policy of tailoring the degree of acid suppression to the condition being treated would require accurate endoscopic diagnosis in all cases.Though this is desirable, it would be quite impracticable even when open access endoscopy is readily available.
ACANTHOSTS NIGRICANS ASSOCIATED WITH BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA. REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: BASIL K. ELLENBOGEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1949)

Journal Article ACANTHOSTS NIGRICANS ASSOCIATED WITH BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA. REPORT OF TWO CASES Get access BASIL K. ELLENBOGEN, M.D.(L'pool), M.R.C.P. BASIL K. ELLENBOGEN, M.D.(L'pool), M.R.C.P. Medical Registrar, Broadgreen Hospital, Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 61, Issue 7, 1 July 1949, Pages 251–254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1949.tb11095.x Published: 01 July 1949
Hot film coronary artery velocity measurements in horses
Authors: R. M. NEREM, J. A. RUMBERGER, D. R. GROSS, W. W. MUIR, G. L. GEIGER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Coronary velocity measurements have been carried out in anaesthetized, open-chest horses using a constant-temperature, hot-film anemometer system. L-shaped needle probes inserted by direct vessel puncture have been used to measure velocity profiles in the left common, left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex coronary arteries. The flow conditions were characterized by peak Reynolds numbers from approximately 200 to 1500 and values of the unsteadiness parameter from 3 to 10. These measurements indicate that in the left common coronary artery the profile is in general skewed towards the outer wall as would be expected for fully viscous flow in a curved tube. In the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary arteries just distal to the bifurcation, the skewing was found in general to be away from the flow divider. However, in regions of the LAD and left circumflex 5–6 diameters downstream of the bifurcation, the peak systolic and diastolic profiles were indicative of a more fully developed, Poiseuille type flow with only slight skewing observed. The results of this study indicate that the flow in the coronary system, though in general laminar and disturbance free, is extremely varied in character and may exhibit large amplitude, low frequency flow oscillations. Furthermore, for these vessels which all lie on the surface of the myocardium, large systolic flows were observed to be present, even though the major portion of the volume flow was reserved for the diastolic period.
Childhood exposure to smoke may increase risk of back pain in later life
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Exposure to secondhand smoke during childhood may increase the risk of developing back and neck problems in later life, says a new study. The research showed that adults who were exposed to tobacco smoke as children were more likely to take long term sick leave because of spinal pain.

One explanation, say the researchers, could be the effects of the smoke on the developing spine. “In several studies, smoking has been associated with the occurrence of spinal pain, mostly low back pain, but also neck pain and prolapsed cervical intervertebral discs,” says the report in the European Journal of Public Health (2004:14;296-300).

The study, …
Treatment for Early Syphilis and Reactivity of Serologic Tests
Authors: Arnold L. Schroeter
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The Venereal Disease Branch, Center for Disease Control, in a cooperative study has reevaluated the comparative efficacy of antibiotic schedules for the treatment of early syphilis in 586 patients. All parenteral penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin treatment schedules recommended by the Public Health Service were studied. Erythromycin in base form, 20 gm, was given in a divided-dose schedule over a ten-day period. Subsequently, the dose of erythromycin had to be raised to 30 gm because of a high failure rate. All penicillin schedules tested showed a satisfactory cure rate with a cumulative re-treatment rate of only 10% in the 24-month observation period. The 30-gm schedule of erythromycin base proved as effective as tetracycline and penicillin G.
Water-soluble biodegradable cationic polyphosphazenes for gene delivery
Authors: J. Luten, J.H. van Steenis, R. van Someren, J. Kemmink, N.M.E. Schuurmans-Nieuwenbroek, G.A. Koning, D.J.A. Crommelin, C.F. van Nostrum, W.E. Hennink
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
Can ursodeoxycholic acid induce disease remission in primary biliary cirrhosis?
Authors: Frank H.J. Wolfhagen, Henk R. van Buuren, Solko W. Schalm, Fiebo J.W. ten Kate, Jan van Hattum, Fery A.L.M. Eskens, Jannie W. den Ouden Muller, Richard A. de Vries, Jaap Ferwerda, Egbert W. van der Hoek, Joost Scherpenisse, Gerard P. van Berge Henegouwen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Treatment Outcomes by Tumor Histology in Eastern Cooperative Group Study E4599 of Bevacizumab with Paclitaxel/Carboplatin for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Alan Sandler, Jing Yi, Suzanne Dahlberg, Margaret M. Kolb, Lisa Wang, Julie Hambleton, Joan Schiller, David H. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Abstract C17: Diet-mediated enhancement of tumorigenesis in <i>Drosophila</i>
Authors: Susumu Hirabayashi, Thomas Baranski, Ross Cagan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that increased cancer risk is associated with metabolic disease including obesity and diabetes, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. We have recently found that feeding Drosophila a high sugar-containing diet leads to a series of metabolic dysfunctions seen in human diabetes including hyperglycemia, increased insulin levels, and accumulation of fat. Here we demonstrate that a high sugar diet enhanced cell migration and invasion within Src-mediated tumor and massive overgrowth in multigenic Ras/Src-based tumor models. These diet-enhanced Ras/Src-based tumors produced aggressive metastasis-like behavior: transformed cells left the primary tumor to invade through the hemolymph to secondary sites that led to lethality of the animals. Genetic and inhibitor studies indicated that the insulin pathway plays a primary role in this diet-induced enhanced overgrowth through regulation of dTor. We further show that tumors with insulin pathway activation are resistant to dietary effects. Moreover, utilizing the diet-enhanced lethal phenotype, we developed a drug screening platform that relies on robotics as well as rescue-from-lethality. These studies should provide insights into mechanisms of the association between metabolic dysfunction and cancer progression and allow us to take the first steps towards identifying novel candidate therapeutic compounds. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C17.
Positive lndium-111 Leukocyte Image Following Antigenic Stimulation in a 15-Month-Old Female Child
Authors: ALAN J. WALTON, DAVID J. CZARNECKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Presented is a case of diffuse increased uptake in In-111 labeled white blood cells throughout the posterior auricular, axillary, periaortic, and inguinal lymph nodes following antigenic stimulation in a 15-month-old child.
The “trivial neuron doctrine” is not trivial
Authors: Dale Jamieson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

I argue that the trivial neuron doctrine as characterized by Gold &amp; Stoljar is not trivial; it appears to be inconsistent with property dualism as well as some forms of functionalism and externalism. I suggest that the problem is not so much with the particular way in which Gold &amp; Stoljar draw the distinction as with the unruliness of the distinction itself. Their failure to see this may be why they misunderstand the views of the Churchlands.
Loss of the <i>ssecks/gravin/akap12</i> Gene Results in Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Shin Akakura, Changhui Huang, Peter J. Nelson, Barbara Foster, Irwin H. Gelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract SSeCKS/Gravin/AKAP12 (SSeCKS) is a kinase scaffolding protein that encodes metastasis-suppressor activity through the suppression of Src-mediated oncogenic signaling and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. SSeCKS expression is down-regulated in Src- and Ras-transformed fibroblasts, in human cancer cell lines and in several types of human cancer, including prostate. Normal human and mouse prostates express abundant SSeCKS in secretory epithelial cells and, to a lesser extent, in the surrounding mesenchyme. Here, we show that the loss of SSeCKS results in prostatic hyperplasia in the anterior and ventral lobes as well as increased levels of apoptosis throughout the prostate. Dysplastic foci were observed less frequently but were associated with the loss of E-cadherin staining and the loss of high molecular weight cytokeratin-positive basal epithelial cells. SSeCKS-null prostate tissues expressed significantly higher relative levels of AKTpoS473 compared with wild-type controls, suggesting that SSeCKS attenuates phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase signaling. The data suggest that SSeCKS-null mice have increased susceptibility for oncogenic transformation in the prostate. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5096–103]
Coronary Disease-Reply
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  I have read and reread Dr. William Dock's letter, and I find nothing really pertinent to the subject of my study presented in Miami last June. The theme of my paper, namely, that effort and occupation play no apparent role in the precipitation of  coronary occlusion, is ignored. Only perimeter topics are the target of Dr. Dock's remarks.  Acute coronary  in my paper was always qualified as acute coronary insufficiency without occlusion or acute coronary insufficiency due to hemorrhage. Many readers who have written to me were, unlike Dr. Dock, able to distinguish this type of  coronary disease from  coronary occlusion, the subject of my article. An illustration may emphasize my point. Many years ago a 19-year-old girl suffering from  ulcerative colitis died following many brisk bowel hemorrhages. At postmortem examination, we found subendocardial infarction without coronary occlusion. In fact, the coronary
Patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: B. Ribeiro
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

In their recent essay (JRSM 2007;100:306-8), Maynard & Ayalew referred to the absence of patient reported outcome measures (PROM). They should have been aware that the Royal College of Surgeons of England, with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, carried out a project to establish the feasibility of applying PROM for elective surgical procedures. The final report in June 2007 recommended specific measures that are going to be used as part of an audit we are undertaking with the Department of Health relating to surgical outcomes in Independent Sector Treatment Centres (ISTCs). We expect to publish our preliminary findings in 2010. Far from ignoring this vital area of assessment, we have shown leadership by employing this research tool to resolve preconceived attitudes about care in ISTCs.

Maynard & Ayalew referred also to the NHS subsidizing Royal Colleges by releasing consultants for examination and other duties. It is not the Colleges that benefit by this arrangement, but the NHS and its patients, as those involved in teaching, training and examining are helping to ensure high standards of care in the future. My College's examiners are not paid a fee and I doubt that the population generally would criticize this use of their time. Professor Maynard has a direct interest in this issue as the Chairman of a Foundation Trust and I wonder whether his interest has been declared.