tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The appearance of transition forms between monocytes and Kupffer cells in the liver of rats treated with glucan. A cytochemical and ultrastructural study.
Authors: W Deimann, H D Fahimi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

A massive accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes in the rat liver was found after the injection of glucan, a beta-1,3-polyglucose. Portal vessels and central veins contained large numbers of rounded and elongated cells which were adherent to the endothelium. By scanning electron microscopy most of these cells exhibited prominent lemellopodia, raised ridge-like profiles and blebs, the typical features of mononuclear phagocytes. Peroxidase cytochemistry revealed that whereas most cells in portal vessels were monocytes with peroxidase positive and negative granules, the majority of cells in central veins were macrophages exhibiting peroxidase activity in nuclear envelope (NE) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In sinusoids monocytes and macrophages were seen side by side. The major finding of the present study was that some cells, adherent to the endothelium or portal vessels or to the lining of sinusoids, exhibited a peroxidase pattern intermediate between monocytes and Kupffer cells, i.e. strong peroxidase activity in cytoplasmic granules, as well as a weak to moderately positive peroxidase reaction in NE and ER. These intermediate cells also contained peroxidase-negative granules with halo, which are usually seen in monocytes. Furthermore, examination of serial ultrathin sections of typical Kupffer cells revealed numerous peroxidase-positive granules and peroxidase-negative granules with halo in their cytoplasm. Finally, dividing Kupffer cells with positive peroxidase reaction in ER were found. These in vivo observations provide ultrastructural and cytochemical evidence in support of the concept of derivation of Kupffer cells from monocytes, demonstrating in addition that Kupffer cells are capable of self-replication in situ.
A mouse model reveals an important role for catecholamine‐induced lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of stress‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yangzhen Shao, Björn Redfors, Marcus Ståhlman, Margareta Scharin Täng, Azra Miljanovic, Helge Möllmann, Christian Troidl, Sebastian Szardien, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef, Jan Borén, Elmir Omerovic
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)
Hepatitis A Vaccine: Which Dose Is Best?
Authors: Guy Lonergan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The review of hepatitis A prevention in travelers by Dr Steffen and colleagues<sup>1</sup>mentions the recently introduced vaccine based on the strain HM 175 (Havrix, SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium), usually administered at a dose of 720 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units. A dose of 1440 ELISA units is also mentioned. It has not been shown that a dose of 1440 units provides more protection than a dose of 720 units; published studies examining protective efficacy used 360 or 720 units. At best, the added benefit will be small. More importantly, the safety of a 1440-unit vaccine has not been adequately studied. Its use has been described in three publications. In a study by Just and Berger,<sup>2</sup>60 subjects received the 1440-unit vaccine and no serious adverse effects were reported. The extent of monitoring was self-reporting and liver enzyme testing. In a study by Jilg
A rare case of atypical angina.
Authors: H A Cameron, P N Foster, M H Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1980)

was given without obvious benefit there was synergism between mexiletine and practolol similar to the co-operative action between mexiletine and propranolol in refractory ventricular tachycardia proposed in your recent article.We found no adverse effects with the intravenous administration of mexile- tine in these patients and the successful dose varied from 60 mg to 250 mg given at a rate of 30 mg/min.
Hepcidin is suppressed by erythropoiesis in hemoglobin E β-thalassemia and β-thalassemia trait
Authors: Emma Jones, Sant-Rayn Pasricha, Angela Allen, Patricia Evans, Chris A. Fisher, Katherine Wray, Anuja Premawardhena, Dyananda Bandara, Ashok Perera, Craig Webster, Pamela Sturges, Nancy F. Olivieri, Timothy St. Pierre, Andrew E. Armitage, John B. Porter, David J. Weatherall, Hal Drakesmith
Journal: Blood (2014)
SIMPLIFIED HORMONAL TREATMENT OF AMENORRHEA
Authors: BERNHARD ZONDEK
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Hormonal treatment for women with primary and secondary amenorrhea is described. In secondary amenorrhea of more than 2 years' duration, 50 mg of progesterone is injected for 2-5 days. For secondary amenorrhea of less than 2 years' duration, 25 mg of progesterone with 2.5-5 mg of estradiol benzoate is injected over a 5-days period. This method of treatment may be further simplified by the oral administration of pregnen-in-on-ol instead
STUDIES ON THE BLOOD PROTEINS
Authors: S. H. Hurwitz, K. F. Meyer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

The progress of an infection is usually associated with marked changes in the serum proteins. There may be an increase in the percentage of the total protein during some stage of the infection, and there is usually a change in the albumin-globulin ratio with an increase in the total globulins. This rise may antedate the development of any resistance by a considerable period of time. The non-protein constituents of the blood show fluctuations with a tendency to rise as the infection progresses. The process of immunization is in almost all instances associated with a definite increase in the globulins of the blood, and in some cases with a complete inversion of the normal albumin-globulin ratio. This may be produced both by living and dead organisms and by bacterial endotoxins. Massive doses usually result in an upset which shows no tendency to right itself during the period of observation. A rise in the globulins has been shown to occur long before the animal develops immune bodies in any appreciable concentration; and where the globulin curve and antibody curve appear to parallel one another, it can be shown by a careful analysis of both curves that there is a definite lack of correspondence at various periods of the experiment. Animals possessing a basic immunity show a more rapid rise in the globulin curve following inoculation. There is no parallelism between the leukocytic reaction and the globulin reaction. During periods of leukopenia the globulins may be as high as during the period of a leukocytosis. Bacterial endotoxins produce as striking an increase in the serum globulins as do living and killed bacteria. This would seem to indicate that a bacterial invasion of the organism is not absolutely essential for the globulin changes, and that the toxogenic factor in infection and immunity must play a part in the production of the changes noted. Inflammatory irritants injected intraperitoneally also result in a globulin increase. In this case the changes produced may best be explained by the toxogenic effect produced by the protein split products resulting from the inflammatory condition. Intraperitoneal injections of killed bacteria give rise to a more rapid increase in the serum globulins. The rapidity of the response following intraperitoneal as compared with intravenous injections doubtless stands in intimate relationship to the neutralizing power possessed by the blood serum and perhaps to the more extensive surface of absorption following injection by the intraperitoneal route.
Antithrombin III concentration, thrombosis, and treatment with luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist in prostatic carcinoma.
Authors: E Varenhorst, M Svensson, H Hjertberg, E Malmqvist
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Mean (and range) results for patienus who completed two weeks oftreatment with all three drugs Paracetamol Sulindac Indomethacin n p Value* Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg): Lying 103-8 (81-0-1201)) 109-9 (87-0-138-3) 117-8
325 EVIDENCE FOR BILIARY EPITHELIAL TO MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN HUMAN CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Authors: L. Fabris, M. Cadamuro, C. Spirli, R. Fiorotto, A. Sonzogni, M. Colledan, S. Fagiuoli, L. Okolicsanyi, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Participation of β-adrenergic activity in modulation of GLUT4 expression during fasting and refeeding in rats
Authors: Melissa Moreira Zanquetta, Monalisa Edi Cabral Nascimento, Rosana Cristina Tieko Mori, Beatriz D'Agord Schaan, Martin E. Young, Ubiratan Fabres Machado
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Evaluating Health Hazards From Military Lasers
Authors: David H. Sliney
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Although most lasers are in scientific research laboratories, a growing number are finding their way into field use in the military, and their associated ocular hazards have been of concern. Laser hazards are easier to define and control in the laboratory than in the field. This results from uncertainties introduced by atmospheric effects upon the laser beam and the potential observer's use of optical instruments. These physical uncertainties, coupled with the absence of clear-cut ocular injury threshold data, make exact determinations of hazardous range quite difficult. Therefore, laser range hazard control is generally achieved by the use of backstops and in some instances by the use of protective eyewear.
Quality of Life in MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Exemestane for Prevention of Breast Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth Maunsell, Paul E. Goss, Rowan T. Chlebowski, James N. Ingle, José E. Alés-Martínez, Gloria E. Sarto, Carol J. Fabian, Pascal Pujol, Amparao Ruiz, Andrew L. Cooke, Susan Hendrix, Debra W. Thayer, Kendrith M. Rowland, Pierre Dubé, Silvana Spadafora, Sandhya Pruthi, Lavina Lickley, Susan L. Ellard, Angela M. Cheung, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Karen A. Gelmon, Dianne Johnston, Andrea Hiltz, Michael Brundage, Joseph L. Pater, Dongsheng Tu, Harriet Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Exemestane, a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, reduced invasive breast cancer incidence by 65% among 4,560 postmenopausal women randomly assigned to exemestane (25 mg per day) compared with placebo in the National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC) Clinical Trials Group MAP.3 (Mammary Prevention 3) trial, but effects on quality of life (QOL) were not fully described.Menopause-specific and health-related QOL were assessed by using the four Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) domains and the eight Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scales at baseline, 6 months, and yearly thereafter. MENQOL questionnaire completion was high (88% to 98%) in both groups at each follow-up visit. Change scores for each MENQOL and SF-36 scale, calculated at each assessment time relative to baseline, were compared by using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Clinically important worsened QOL was defined as a MENQOL change score increase of more than 0.5 (of 8) points and an SF-36 change score decrease of more than 5 (of 100) points from baseline.Exemestane had small negative effects on women's self-reported vasomotor symptoms, sexual symptoms, and pain, which occurred mainly in the first 6 months to 2 years after random assignment. However, these changes represented only a small excess number of women being given exemestane with clinically important worsening of QOL at one time or another; specifically, 8% more in the vasomotor domain and 4% more each in the sexual domain and for pain. No other between-group differences were observed. Overall, slightly more women in the exemestane arm (32%) than in the placebo arm (28%) discontinued assigned treatment.Exemestane given for prevention has limited negative impact on menopause-specific and health-related QOL in healthy postmenopausal women at risk for breast cancer.
STUDIES ON FRACTIONS OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: Curtis A. Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Fractions of methanol extract which had been previously demonstrated to increase the resistance of mice to experimental tuberculosis have been subjected to an examination of their toxic and allergenic properties. The criteria for toxicity were: (a) production of inflammatory skin reactions in guinea pigs; (b) induction of weight loss in mice by intraperitoneal injection; and (c) depression of resistance to staphylococcus infections in mice. Allergenicity of a preparation was investigated by (a) its ability to evoke a hypersensitive skin response in guinea pigs previously sensitized with whole tubercle bacilli; and (b) its capacity to induce hypersensitivity to one or more of its components when injected under appropriate conditions into guinea pigs. Fraction F I, a preparation precipitated from methanol extract by slow concentration at 45°C., was found to possess some toxicity and some allergenicity by all of the criteria employed. Subfraction F I-P, precipitated from aqueous suspensions of F I by 33 per cent ethanol and 0.5 per cent NaCl, was apparently the F I component responsible for these activities. The saline-ethanol-soluble subfraction, F I-S, was neither toxic nor allergenic by the tests performed. These findings were considered of particular interest inasmuch as F I-S, despite its small yield, had been shown earlier to be the most active single substance used as vaccine to increase resistance to experimental tuberculosis in mice.
Abstract 3253: Bone morphogenetic proteins increase hepcidin in breast cancer cells
Authors: Kathryn A. Clausen, Xiumin Di, Frank M. Torti, Suzy V. Torti
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hepcidin is a systemic peptide hormone produced in the liver that regulates iron absorption and recirculation. Induction of hepcidin by inflammatory cytokines has been suggested to contribute to the anemia of inflammation and cancer. Our previous work has shown that synthesis of hepcidin is not confined to the liver, but is also observed in other tissues. In particular, we found that hepcidin is produced in mammary epithelial cells. Further, hepcidin levels increase in a subset of breast cancers, and increased synthesis of hepcidin is associated with poor prognoses in some breast cancer patients (Pinnix et al., 2010). In this work we sought to understand mechanisms regulating hepcidin synthesis in breast cancer, as well as the consequences of hepcidin upregulation. We demonstrate that treatment with bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2, 4, 6, or 7 results in hepcidin upregulation and concomitant Smad phosphorylation in breast cancer cells. The BMP7-induced hepcidin increase can be diminished by co-treatment of breast cancer cells with the BMP inhibitors, Wise or Noggin. We next assessed the consequence of hepcidin induction. Systemic hepcidin regulates iron by affecting the levels of the iron export protein, ferroportin. Extracellular hepcidin binds to ferroportin on the cell surface, initiating the internalization and degradation of ferroportin. This, in turn, decreases the ferroportin available to facilitate iron export, preventing iron efflux from the cell and increasing cellular iron retention. To test the functionality of this regulatory pathway in breast cancer, we used a hepcidin-specific antibody to deplete cultured breast cancer cells of extracellular hepcidin. We found that antibody-induced hepcidin depletion increased ferroportin protein levels, suggesting that hepcidin-mediated ferroportin regulation occurs in breast cancer cells. Consistent with this finding, we observed that breast cancer cells have increased hepcidin and decreased ferroportin relative to normal mammary epithelial cells. In all, these results raise the possibility that BMP signaling may control hepcidin expression in breast cells, decreasing ferroportin and increasing intracellular iron. The potential for hepcidin to alter iron availability to breast cancer cells on a paracrine level is a novel function for this key systemic iron regulator. Reference Z. K. Pinnix, L. D. Miller, W. Wang, R. D'Agostino Jr., T. Kute, M. C. Willingham, H. Hatcher, L. Tesfay, G. Sui, X. Di, S. V. Torti, F. M. Torti, Ferroportin and Iron Regulation in Breast Cancer Progression and Prognosis. Sci. Transl. Med. 2, 43ra56 (2010). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3253. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3253
Urokinase and Infarction
Authors: Richard D. Sautter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was interested in the fortunately brief report on the use of urokinase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (228:1629, 1974). Although I don't feel inclined to call a press conference, I think it might be in order to set the record straight. I am referring to Dr. M. S. Mazel's report of two cases in which urokinase was used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. I believe the reasoning is elusive. Only two cases were reported with pretreatment and posttreatment arteriograms, 16 and 13 days apart. Establishment of cause and effect is presumptuous, making sweeping recommendations of adoption of a new form of therapy. It is not clearly established how long myocardial muscle can be deprived of circulation before permanent changes occur. In an animal, complete myocardial death occurs 20 minutes after ligation of a major coronary. This may be somewhat longer in patients
PET imaging of T cells derived from umbilical cord blood
Authors: H Singh, A M Najjar, S Olivares, R Nishii, U Mukhopadhyay, M Alauddin, P R Manuri, H Huls, D A Lee, G Dotti, C Bollard, P J Simmons, E J Shpall, R E Champlin, J G Gelovani, L J N Cooper
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis
Authors: F. H. Y. Green
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Fisher et al, "Objective Pathological Diagnosis of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis" (1981;245:1829), is misleading. The conclusion—that considerable overlap exists between the anthracitic pulmonary pigmentation in coal workers and non-coal-workers—is not justified by the evidence presented. First, the two populations studied are not necessarily drawn from comparable environments. The miners were derived from a community of 5,000; the control subjects, from a heavily polluted industrial city (Pittsburgh)<sup>1</sup>with a population in excess of 2 million. In this context, it is not surprising that evidence of substantial amounts of pulmonary pigment is present in the lungs of these urban dwellers. Second, the documentation of the environmental histories of the cases leaves much to be desired. Occupational histories were derived from clinical summaries (a notoriously inaccurate source); years of mining exposure and smoking history were not obtained. Both of these factors have a profound effect on pulmonary
ABC of sleep disorders. Psychotropic drugs and sleep.
Authors: J Eisen, J MacFarlane, C M Shapiro
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Our aim is to summarise how some of the most commonly used psychotropic drugs may affect sleep, and we will discuss them in three groups:S Drugs used primarily to improve sleep * Drugs used primarily to reduce sleepiness * Drugs used primarily to treat particular psychiatric disorders which have secondary effects on sleep I It is important that before prescribing any treatment the doctor should l _ try to make a precise diagnosis so that he or she can decide what kind of treatment is appropriate.For example, Mr Splitman, who complains of sleep disturbance during an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia, should be given treatment different from that given to Ms Downer, whose sleep disturbance is a feature of a major depressive episode.Mr and Mrs Kryer may benefit from psychotherapy for their recent bereavement, together with a drug to relieve secondary insomnia.Mr Bullneck's hypersomnolence, irritability, and mild depression could be a secondary 'Sula's dream' by Elspeth Grant.feature ofhis sleep apnoea (diagnosed by overnight electrophysiological testing), and he will probably require treatment other than drugs.In Factors in choosing the "right' drug contrast, young Phil Drowsey's performance at school is deteriorating, and he has withdrawn from most ofhis extracurricular social activities.This is, * Pharmacokinetics however, secondary to depressed alertness, not to depressed mood, despite * Side effects: benefits apparently adequate nocturnal sleep, and suggests narcolepsy.* Side effects: disadvantages It is clear that drugs are only one of the treatments available for the * Contraindications various medicopsychiatric disorders, all ofwhich have disturbed sleep as a * Interaction with other drugs common denominator.If drugs are indicated the doctor is often caught in a * History of response pharmaceutical "jungle"; choosing the right drug can be a formidable task, * Doctor's knowledge of drug and the final selection depends on several factors.but "REM rebound" occurs after treatment is discontinued, and patients may have an increase in the number ofvivid or frightening dreams.In addition, tolerance to the hypnotic effects ofthe drugs is common after long term use.
Overcoming Hypoxia-Induced Apoptotic Resistance through Combinatorial Inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1
Authors: Patrick A. Mayes, Nathan G. Dolloff, Colin J. Daniel, J. Judy Liu, Lori S. Hart, Kageaki Kuribayashi, Joshua E. Allen, David I.H. Jee, Jay F. Dorsey, Yingqiu Y. Liu, David T. Dicker, J. Martin Brown, Emma E. Furth, Peter S. Klein, Rosalie C. Sears, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Tumor hypoxia is an inherent impediment to cancer treatment that is both clinically significant and problematic. In this study, we conducted a cell-based screen to identify small molecules that could reverse the apoptotic resistance of hypoxic cancer cells. Among the compounds, we identified were a structurally related group that sensitized hypoxic cancer cells to apoptosis by inhibiting the kinases GSK-3β and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1. Combinatorial inhibition of these proteins in hypoxic cancer cells and tumors increased levels of c-Myc and decreased expression of c-IAP2 and the central hypoxia response regulator hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α. In mice, these compounds augmented the hypoxic tumor cell death induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, blocking angiogenesis and tumor growth. Taken together, our findings suggest that combinatorial inhibition of GSK-3β and CDK1 augment the apoptotic sensitivity of hypoxic tumors, and they offer preclinical validation of a novel and readily translatable strategy to improve cancer therapy.