tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas in Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis, Type I
Authors: PETERMAN R. PROSSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

In three unrelated families, four patients with multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type I, had confirmed or highly probable prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. In one patient, selective transsphenoidal tumor resection resulted in normal prolactin levels and resumption of menses. Heretofore, the majority of pituitary tumors in such patients had been thought to be nonsecreting chromophobe adenomas, but recent studies have shown that, in sporadic cases, as many as three fourths of "nonsecreting" pituitary tumors in fact secrete prolactin. Thus, based on our experience and reports of others, we believe that prolactin-secreting tumors may be common in patients with pituitary tumors as part of the syndrome of multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type I, and we recommend that serum prolactin be measured when evaluating these patients and their families.
Recurrence of Aortic Coarctation after Operation in Childhood
Authors: C. G. Parsons, R. Astley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

that this tumour may be induced by an enviromnental factor.The age distribution both in the indigenous and in the immigrant population suggests that this factor produces immunity in the majority of people exposed to it and tumour only in rare instances.The apparent dependence on temperature of the tumour distribution suggests that the environmental agent is transmitted by an insect vector and that either the distribution of the vector or the development of the agent within the vector is dependent on temperature.This agent might be an arbovirus or other insect-vectored virus; it could also be some other form of parasitic disease such as malaria. SummaryThis report gives a detailed analysis of the age, tribal, and geographical distribution of 450 histologically proved cases of the African lymphoma seen in Uganda over the past eight years.There is a twentyfold difference between the tumour incidence in the lowland areas along the Nile, where the tumour is most common, and the incidence in the mountainous area of south-western Uganda, where the tumour is least common.This variation in incidence within Uganda correlates closely with variations in temperature.The average age in the tumour cases is lowest where the tumour is most common and highest where the tumour is least common.The incidence of jaw involvement in the Uganda cases of African lymphoma varies inversely with the age of the patient.It is 100% at the age of 3 and falls progressively thereafter.Although the African lymphoma is rare in adults indigenous to the lowland areas of Uganda, almost half the cases occur- ring in immigrants from the " lymphoma-free " mountainous area of Rwanda and Burundi are over the age of 15 years.These observations support the hypothesis that the African lymphoma may be induced by an insect-vectored agent that may be a virus.It is suggested that the majority of people exposed to this agent develop immunity to it and that in only rare instances is the tumour induced.All the illustrations are gratefully acknowledged to W. Serumaga and E. Busulwa, of the
Deranged Platelet Calcium Homeostasis in Poorly Controlled IDDM Patients
Authors: Fabio Pellegatta, Franco Folli, Paola Ronchi, Lucia Caspani, Laura Galli, Aurelio M Vicari
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— Platelet hyperfunction frequently occurs in IDDM. As in many other cellular systems, cytosolic free Ca plays a key role in platelet activation. Research Design and Methods— We measured cytosolic free Ca concentration ([Ca2+]i) by means of the fluorescent probe fura-2 in 60 IDDM patients (mean age 30.8 yr, range 18–50 yr) and in 31 age-matched healthy control subjects. Platelets were studied in both resting conditions and after stimulation with thrombin at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 U/ml. Results— No differences were noted between control subjects and diabetic patients, as a whole. Patients with a poor metabolic control (HbA1c &amp;gt;8%) had significantly (P &amp;lt;0.01 and P &amp;lt;0.03) higher [Ca2+]i in resting platelets. The presence or absence of retinopathy did not modify resting platelet [Ca2+]i. After stimulation with thrombin, a significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.009) higher rise of platelet [Ca2+]i was observed only in those patients who were both free from complications and had good metabolic control. A highly significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) correlation was found between resting [Ca2+]i and both blood cholesterol and HbA1c in the diabetic patients. Platelets from 10 young healthy subjects also were studied after in vitro incubation with various glucose concentrations (from 1.68 to 56 mM): resting and thrombin-stimulated platelet [Ca2+]i and thrombin-induced aggregation were not modified. Conclusions— These data confirm that platelet hyperfunction is present in IDDM patients who have unsatisfactory metabolic control, and give evidence that such an activation involves Ca homeostasis. Acute variations of blood glucose concentration are probably not influent, in this respect.
The Psychodynamics of Chronic Inebriation: Observations of Alcoholics During the Process of Drinking in an Experimental Group Setting
Authors: JOHN S. TAMERIN, JACK H. MENDELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Four male volunteer alcoholic subjects were studied prior to, during, and following a period of experimentally induced intoxication. The anxiety reduction model was found inadequate to explain their motivation for alcohol use. Euphoria was manifest only during the initial phase of intoxication; prolonged drinking was characterized by progressive depression, guilt, and psychic pain. However, termination of a drinking episode appeared to be associated with states of physical discomfort rather than with specific psychological determinants.
GABAergic regulation of cerebellar NG2 cell development is altered in perinatal white matter injury
Authors: Marzieh Zonouzi, Joseph Scafidi, Peijun Li, Brian McEllin, Jorge Edwards, Jeffrey L Dupree, Lloyd Harvey, Dandan Sun, Christian A Hübner, Stuart G Cull-Candy, Mark Farrant, Vittorio Gallo
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
The Renal Scan as an Aid in Percutaneous Renal Biopsy
Authors: Sheldon Baum
Journal: JAMA (1966)

By means of a renal scan made with chlormerodrin Hg 197, the kidneys are outlined on the skin of the patient's back; the outlines are projections of the kidneys on the skin. After such identification, percutaneous renal biopsies were successful in six out of seven attempts. If the patient has uremia, pyelograms often do not outline the kidneys properly. However, scintiscanning is usually successful even when blood urea nitrogen levels are greatly elevated.
So-Called Synthetics and Ethical Nostrums.
Authors: S. Lewis Summers
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Philadelphia, June 25, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The printing of another installment of false statements by Dr. Wm. J. Robinson, is the reason of this reply. In the first place, I never asked the question: "If thermol is nothing but impure acet-phenetidin, how did he (meaning me) obtain a patent on it?" My former letter in the issue of April 30 will expose this misstatement. The government has allowed me three different patents on the chemical combination of acetic and salicylic acids with phenetidin; as well as patents on twenty odd other definite chemical compounds, and in not one of them is there mention of a trade name—a custom followed by foreigners. This subject of infringement is quite musty and absurd. The owners of the phenacetin patent undertook to prove it in 1901, and dropped it. Thermol is a chemical combination of acetic and salicylic acids with phenetidin.
I-123 MIBG and Tc-99m MDP Scintigraphy in Diagnosing Paraganglioma Extension
Authors: JOSÉ J. MATEOS, FRANCESCA PONS, DAVID FUSTER, CARLOS LATERZA, FRANCISCO MARTÍN, FRANCISCO LOME´tNA, RAMÓN HERRANZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 35-year-old man operated on 3 years earlier for preaortic extra-adrenal paraganglioma was examined for dorsal spine pain. MRI showed metastases in the thoracic spine (at T3, T5, and T7), with a tumoral mass extending to the posterior epidural space, which was later removed. Pathologic study confirmed that it corresponded to a metastasis of paraganglioma with a high degree of malignancy. I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine whole-body scintigraphy and a Tc-99m MDP bone scan were performed to determine the extent of the disease. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy was performed in a 35-year-old man with paraganglioma metastases to the thoracic spine (T3, T5, T7) to determine the extent of disease. Multiple zones of pathologic uptake were observed in the skull and in thoracic and abdominal areas.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: After the I-123 MIBG study, Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy was performed and confirmed bone lesions in the following areas: left skull, second left anterior rib, 12th right posterior rib, both iliac bones, left ischium, third and seventh thoracic vertebrae, and second and third lumbar vertebrae. Other areas of abdominal pathologic uptake were probably seen in the para-aortic and right iliac lymph nodes.FIGURE 3Fig. 3: A CT scan performed a few days later confirmed retroperitoneal growths in lymph nodes near the iliac artery bifurcation, right iliac bone involvement, and a soft metastasis adjacent to the left iliac bone with signs of bone destruction. CT and MRI are particularly useful for initial evaluations of patients with possible paraganglioma. MIBG scintigraphy should be recommended when a functioning paraganglioma persists despite normal CT or MRI findings and also when doubt exists about the functional activity of one or more multicentric tumors. Furthermore, MIBG scintigraphy is recommended during the postsurgical follow-up of such patients, because recurrent, malignant, or extra-adrenal disease frequently occurs (1–3).
Reply to Drs Rejchrt and Bureš
Authors: E. Rimon
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

I thank Drs Rejchrt and Bureš for their comment and their interest in my article. I agree with their view that percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is rarely an emergency procedure. The study was not approved by an ethics committee, as the procedure was performed employing the same technique that is used in most of the gastroenterological units in Europe and in America. The assistant nurse cleaned the skin and took the head of the scope from the physician. She also introduced the snare through the scope's channel and grasped the cannula with it. This part of the therapeutic endoscopy is not invasive and is done by many nurses in other procedures.
Intermittent Drug Regimens for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: D. H. Shennan
Journal: BMJ (1971)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate whether cranial ultrasound abnormalities found in low risk full term infants had any influence on neurodevelopmental outcome. <h3>METHODS</h3> For 103 infants who had a neurological assessment, a cranial ultrasound examination, and for whom antenatal and perinatal data were collected within 48 hours of delivery, neurodevelopmental status was evaluated at 12 and 18 months. The results of a scored neurological examination and the Griffiths mental developmental scale were correlated with the presence and type of ultrasound abnormality found in the neonatal period. <h3>RESULTS</h3> None of the infants with ultrasound abnormalities showed any signs of cerebral palsy or severe developmental delay. There was also no significant difference between the overall neurological and neurodevelopmental scores of the infants with normal and abnormal ultrasound findings. However, when the individual subscales of the Griffiths test were analysed, all infants with bulky choroid or intraventricular haemorrhage had normal scores in all subscales, four of eight with periventricular white matter lesions had low scores on the locomotor subscale, and three of five with asymmetrical ventricles had low scores on the performance subscale. The presence of adverse antenatal and perinatal factors did not affect the outcome in this group. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Incidental ultrasound abnormality in full term neonates, in particular intraventricular haemorrhage, although common, appear to have a good prognosis. Longer follow up studies are needed to see whether some of these infants, in particular those with white matter lesions, develop dyspraxia or other minor neurological impairments at school age. <h3>Key messages</h3> Incidental ultrasound abnormalities in full term neonates are common but the infants appear to have a good prognosis at 12 and 18 months Unilateral thalamic densities and intraventricular haemorrhages not complicated by parenchymal extensions were not associated with neurological sequelae
Lack of Ultrastructural Detrusor Changes Following Endoscopic Injection of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Overactive Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: A. Haferkamp, B. Schurch, A. Reitz, U. Krengel, J. Grosse, G. Kramer, S. Schumacher, P.J. Bastian, R. Büttner, S.C. Müller, M. Stöhrer
Journal: European Urology (2004)
A more evidence based approach to the use of surrogate end points in policy making
Authors: O. Ciani, R. S. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

By retracing the history of particular surrogate outcome failures,1 Moynihan dismisses the assessment of surrogate outcomes in future clinical trials and instead recommends collecting only final outcomes such as survival.2 We agree that, when possible, decisions on the adoption and coverage of health technologies …
A Broader National Examining Board.
Authors: Charles Pinckney Hough
Journal: JAMA (1902)

any solution that is offered, if it is to be carried into practice, will ultimately rest upon the favor of the several state boards and their willingness to co-operate.Very probably additional legislation may be required in order to give them the power of discriminating, so as to recognize the distinction between the two classes of candidates: 1, those who are required to demonstrate their fitness for the responsibilities of medical practice and, 2, those about whose fitness there is no question whatever.As a means of affording presentlh-elief to the members of the latter class, the writer would make the suggestion that the state medical societies might consent to co-operate with the exam¬ ining boards.For instance, if a reputable member of the pro¬ fession, who has been actively engaged in practice, for, say, ten years, desires to change his field of work he can apply for a certificate from his state medical society, which could be en¬ dorsed by the medical society of the state to which he is going.Such evidence of professional attainments might well be ac¬ cepted by the examining board of the state concerned, and thus aid in carrying out the idea of interstate comity or reciprocity, while recognizing and upholding the dignity of the profession.Very respectfully yours, Frank Woodbury.
Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide shortened hospital stays and improved immune status and nitrogen economy after major abdominal surgery Commentary by J Powell-Tuck
Authors: J POWELL-TUCK
Journal: Gut (1999)

Few have done more than Furst, Stehle and colleagues1 to develop the concept of the conditional essentiality of glutamine in metabolic stress and to develop a means by which this amino acid can be practically added, as an alanine dipeptide, to parenteral feeds from which it has hitherto been lacking. The double blind randomised trial by Morlion et al assesses the clinical efficacy of such supplementation. It was conducted in 28 patients, well nourished as judged by weight for height, undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer. They were randomised to receive isonitrogenous (0.24 g nitrogen/kg/day) isoenergetic (29 kcal/kg/day) total parenteral nutrition over five days postoperatively such that one group received within its total nitrogen allocation 0.3 g/kg/day l-alanyl-l-glutamine, or about 20 g of the dipeptide—equivalent to 13.5 g glutamine. Mean (SEM) length of hospital stay in the controls was 21.7 (2.8) days and in the intervention group 15.5 (0.72) days (p<0.05).

Length of hospital …
The Association and the Colleges.
Authors: T. J. Happel
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Trenton,Tenn., Aug. 22, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —After carefully reading the notice sent out by Dr. W. B. Atkinson, Permanent Secretary, to the deans of the various Medical Colleges in the United States, setting forth the action of theAmerican Medical Association, at Denver, in June last, in which it was voted "to allow no one to register as either delegate or permanent member of thisAssociation," who, as "professor or other teacher in, or graduate of any Medical College in the United States, which shall, after Jan. 1, 1899, confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine, or receive such degree on any condition below the published standard of the Association of American Medical Colleges," I am satisfied that theAssociationhas attempted to reach a point which it should attain, in an unconstitutional manner. This resolution attempts to define who shall be received hereafter as members of this
New insights on therapy with vitamin D analogs targeting the intracellular pathways that control repigmentation in human vitiligo
Authors: Stanca Ariana Birlea, Gertrude‐Emilia Costin, David Albert Norris
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract Vitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder affecting 0.5–2% of the population worldwide in which destruction of functional melanocytes from epidermis is a composite of multiple processes influencing melanocyte function and survival. A number of studies have recently reported that the treatment with vitamin D compounds or their combination with ultraviolet light or corticosteroids enhances repigmentation in vitiligo; however, the causal relationship at the cellular and molecular levels has not so far been investigated. This review details the main intracellular pathways through which vitamin D ligands alone or in different combinations may contribute to pigment restoration in vitiligo, outlines the most recent achievements in vitiligo treatment using vitamin D analogs, and compares their efficacy with other treatment regimens in vitiligo. Based on the reviewed literature and data, we foresee the need for designing new vitamin D compounds to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy. Such compounds should have high selectivity for melanocytes, stimulatory effects on melanogenesis, and minimal suppressive effects on melanocyte growth. An approach combining clinical investigations and focused research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vitiligo repigmentation will lead to finding better treatments for this disease. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 3, 514‐546, 2009
Phase I Trial of Erlotinib-Based Multimodality Therapy for Inoperable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nicholas W. Choong, Ann M. Mauer, Daniel J. Haraf, Eric Lester, Philip C. Hoffman, Mark Kozloff, Shang Lin, Janet E. Dancey, Livia Szeto, Tatyana Grushko, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Ravi Salgia, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Diseases of the Knee Joint
Authors: A. J. Hall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Research in human subjects is very important.Apart from the study of disease there is now a widespread acceptance of the view that treatment can be shown to be effective only by controlled clinical trials.This brings physicians to give their patients dummy tablets, to deny them active treatment, and to fail to tell them what is going on.What patient would continue to take dummy tablets if he knew what they were?The surface of this important subject is gently stroked but not scratched in this little book, and it is probably good to remind clinical investigators of their moral obligations from time to time.Relations with regulatory authorities are also discussed, and the British investigator will be pleased to know, from an inside source, that the FDA will not reject his 'foreign data' just because they are 'foreign'.They may not be regarded as 'pivotal,' since it appears that 'foreign' investigators are reluctant to supply case records or report forms to support the honesty and integrity of their work.A continued deep suspicion of foreigners, and their work is clearly justified.Jargon abounds in this publication.Could FDA, for example, give NDA, or could CSM grant NPL in NIH funded REC approved NHLBI CT of BO under HEW regulations using SSN for FECA at RBH? Words do not necessarily help.Once paper concludes that 'multicentre clinical trials require a synthesis of the scientific method and the precepts of modern management.'Among a few very enjoyable and stimulating contributions is a paper on randomised controlled trials of nonpharmacological treatment.This would be enormously helpful to a young physician who wanted to do some research but could not think of a worthwhile project.Much of what physicians and surgeons do is empirical but could be randomised and documented.Though there
Out-of-Hospital Intubation of Children
Authors: Peter Glaeser
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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Regulation of Protein Citrullination through p53/PADI4 Network in DNA Damage Response
Authors: Chizu Tanikawa, Koji Ueda, Hidewaki Nakagawa, Nobuaki Yoshida, Yusuke Nakamura, Koichi Matsuda
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Upon a wide range of cellular stresses, p53 is activated and inhibits malignant transformation through the transcriptional regulation of its target genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. However, its involvement in posttranslational modifications of proteins has not yet been well characterized. Here, we report the novel role of p53 in the regulation of protein citrullination. p53 transactivated peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) through an intronic p53-binding site. The PADI4 gene encodes an enzyme catalyzing the citrullination of arginine residues in proteins, and ectopic expression of p53 or PADI4 induced protein citrullination. In addition, various proteins were citrullinated in response to DNA damage, but knockdown of PADI4 or p53 remarkably inhibited their citrullination, indicating the regulation of protein citrullination in a p53/PADI4-dependent manner. We found that PADI4 citrullinated the histone chaperone protein, nucleophosmin (NPM1), at the arginine 197 residue in vivo under physiologic conditions. Citrullination of NPM1 by PADI4 resulted in its translocation from the nucleoli to the nucleoplasm, whereas PADI4 did not alter the localization of mutant NPM1 (R197K). Furthermore, ectopic expression of PADI4 inhibited tumor cell growth, and concordantly, the knockdown of PADI4 attenuated p53-mediated growth-inhibitory activity, demonstrating the significance of PADI4-mediated protein citrullination in the p53 signaling pathway