tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Oral Bisphosphonates and Risk of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chris R. Cardwell, Christian C. Abnet, Marie M. Cantwell, Liam J. Murray
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Use of oral bisphosphonates has increased dramatically in the United States and elsewhere. Esophagitis is a known adverse effect of bisphosphonate use, and recent reports suggest a link between bisphosphonate use and esophageal cancer, but this has not been robustly investigated.
Current severe psoriasis and the Rule of Tens
Authors: A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

This review addresses the problems of defining severity of psoriasis. Concepts of severity depend on the timescale perspective from which judgement is made. Measurement needs to include assessment of signs, impact on the patient's life and the history of the disease. The concept of severity in relationship to quality of life measurement scores has been defined, so it is now possible to postulate a standard, easily remembered concept to help define ‘severe psoriasis’ in the clinic. The proposed Rule of Tens for current severe psoriasis from the clinician's viewpoint is: ‘Current Severe Psoriasis = Body Surface Area involved > 10% or Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score > 10 or Dermatology Life Quality Index score > 10’.
Carrying a heavy burden
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Spatiotemporal properties of dopamine release play a major role both in striatal and nigral physiology because dopamine is released from nerve terminals and dendrites of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Pioneering work revealed gap junctional communication (assessed by dye-coupling experiments) between DA cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). However, direct evidence of functional electrical synapses between DA neurons is still lacking. In this study, gap junctional communication between DA neurons was investigated in rat brain slices. Tracer coupling was observed in postnatal day 5 (P5) to P10 and P15-P25 rats. Dual whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that 96% of DA neurons were coupled by electrical synapses in P7-P10 rats, and 20% were coupled in P17-P21 rats. These electrical synapses were mainly symmetrical and displayed strong low-pass filtering properties. When spontaneous firing activity was monitored, no significant synchronization was observed. Nevertheless, an efficient modulation of the spontaneous firing frequency of the postsynaptic cell occurred during injection of hyperpolarizing and depolarizing currents in the coupled presynaptic cell. Together, these observations demonstrate the existence of a fast communication between SNc DA neurons through electrical synapses.
Demethylchlortetracycline
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN August, 1957, McCormick et al.1 described a new family of compounds closely related to the previously known tetracyclines. Two of them, 6demethyltetracycline (DMT) and 7-chloro-6-demethylchlortetracycline (DMCT), were produced by a mutant of the strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens Duggar, from which chlortetracycline was originally produced. These new antibiotics were found to be highly resistant to degradation by acid and alkali and to have about the same activity as the corresponding 6-methylated analogues. Preliminary studies by Sweeney and Hardy2 indicated that oral administration of DMCT to human subjects yielded more sustained levels of antibiotic in the blood than either tetracycline or . . .
Routine Testing for Chlamydial Cervical Infections
Authors: JOSEPH A. INGELFINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1988Routine Testing for Chlamydial Cervical InfectionsJOSEPH A. INGELFINGER, M.D.JOSEPH A. INGELFINGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-1-153_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article by Phillips and associates (1) analyzing diagnostic and treatment strategies for Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic women. I would suggest another strategy: treating everyone without a culture. (I would give everyone a prescription for nystatin to be filled if vaginitis develops.)Using the decision tree of Phillips and associates, I estimate the cost of this strategy to be the cost of tetracycline plus 0.15 times the cost of vaginitis and its treatment, plus 0.05 times the cost of the no-treatment strategy. (The last term represents the cost of the treatment failure rate...Reference1. PHILLIPSARONSONTAYLORSAFRAN RMWC. Should tests for Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection be done during routine gynecologic visits? An analysis of the costs of alternative strategies. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:188-94. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Chlamydia trachomatis infections: policy guidelines for prevention and control. MMWR. 1985;34(suppl 3):53S-74S. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1988Volume 108, Issue 1Page: 153-154KeywordsChlamydia infectionChlamydia trachomatisDecision treesNystatinTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 January 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Unintended Influence
Authors: Tom Bartol
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Arrest of human dendritic cells at the CD34−/CD4+/HLA-DR+ stage in the bone marrow of NOD/SCID-human chimeric mice
Authors: Masaharu Nobuyoshi, Yoichiro Kusunoki, Toshio Seyama, Kazunori Kodama, Akiro Kimura, Seishi Kyoizumi
Journal: Blood (2001)
Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure-Reply
Authors: Alexander G Logan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our critics assert that data from RCTs, especially when pooled, must be viewed cautiously, even skeptically, when making statements that bear directly on health policy. They are particularly critical about trials with a short time horizon and allude to study selection bias. All RCTs that met our stringent eligibility criteria were included in the primary analysis, and extensive subgroup analyses were performed and reported, although, because of editorial constraints, not in the detail that both we and Dr Stamler would have desired. Dr Whelton and colleagues and Drs Kotchen and Krauss chose to ignore the point made in our article that the inclusion of short-term trials amplified the effect of dietary salt restriction. For example, excluding the short-term trials in normotensive subjects (&lt;15 days in duration) reduced the net effect on systolic blood pressure from 1.0 mm Hg per 100 mmol/d to 0.55 mm Hg per 100 mmol/d, and the
TIMP-1 and responsiveness of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer to preoperative epirubicin and cyclophosphamide with or without gefitinib.
Authors: PB Hertel, N Brünner, LA Jørgensen, MB Petersen, C Ingvar, EH Jacobsen, AB Sætersdal, MK Tuxen, BS Nielsen, HT Mouridsen, B Ejlertsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6072 Background: Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is a naturally occuring proteinase inhibitor, which inhibits most matrix metalloproteinases. It has previously been reported that high levels of tumor TIMP-1 is associated with lack of clinical benefit from anthracycline based chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer and preliminary data suggest that this is also true for adjuvant treatment. Plasma TIMP-1 has also been shown to predict response to endocrine therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. No data regarding TIMP-1 response to neo-adjuvant treatment exists.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: NICE (1839IL/0712) is a randomized phase II trial, assigning 144 patients per protocol with primary operable estrogen receptor negative breast cancer and tumor ≥ 2 cm to either four cycles of EC (epirubicin 90 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2) plus placebo or EC plus gefitinib 250 mg daily. The primary endpoint was pCR (no invasive residual) at surgery and secondary endpoints were complete (CR) and overall objective (OR) tumor response rates (CR+PR) assessed by palpation, mammography and ultrasonography (the last prevailed in case of disagreements). Plasma TIMP-1 levels were measured (blinded and in duplicates) before and after preoperative EC using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.&amp;#x2028; Results: 'pCR was attained by 8/71 patients in the EC + gefitinib group and 8/73 patients in the EC + placebo group, and OR by 50 patients in each treatment group. The addition of gefitinib to pre-operative EC was not associated with any significant benefit, thereby justifying pooling of the 2 groups of patients. TIMP-1 ranged from 55.1 to 519 ng/ml, median 126.8 ng/ml at baseline. Patients who obtained pCR had numeric higher plasma TIMP-1 values than non-responders (155.2ng/ml against 139.9 ng/ml, p=0.35). Dichotomizing patients by the plasma TIMP-1 median showed, that patients with elevated TIMP-1 had a numeric increased likelihood of obtaining pCR and OR: Patients with plasma TIMP-1 above the median had a numeric higher pCR rate (6.6% against 4.4%; odds ratio 1.60, p=0.39), and OR (51.0% against 49.0%; odds ratio 1.20, p=0.61). A small decline in TIMP-1 was observed after four cycles of EC (median difference 4.5, 25% and 75% quartile of -28.6 and 27.9, p=0.85) and the change was nearly the same in responders as in non-responders.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: This study could not demonstrate a predictive role of pre-treatment plasma TIMP-1 in neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for primary breast cancer. A change in plasma levels of TIMP-1 during 4 cycles of EC was not associated with response to the treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6072.
ERCP in patients with prior Billroth II gastrectomy: report of 30 years’ experience
Authors: Vincenzo Bove, Andrea Tringali, Pietro Familiari, Giovanni Gigante, Ivo Boškoski, Vincenzo Perri, Massimiliano Mutignani, Guido Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is difficult in patients with altered anatomy following Billroth II gastrectomy. Afferent loop intubation, selective cannulation, and sphincterotomy are the main issues. Experience from a tertiary referral endoscopy center is reported.A total of 713 patients with Billroth II reconstruction who underwent ERCP between October 1982 and October 2012 were retrospectively identified from a prospectively collected database (mean age 69 ± 27 years; 567 males). The main indications for ERCP were common bile duct stones (51.2 %) and obstructive jaundice (24.8 %). Procedures were always started with a duodenoscope; in cases of failure to reach the papilla the duodenoscope was changed to a gastroscope. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed using a long-nose sigmoid inverted sphincterotome.The successful duodenal intubation rate was 86.7 % (618/713 patients). The main reason for intubation failure was a long and angulated afferent loop. Successful cannulation/opacification of the desired biliopancreatic duct was 93.8 % (580/618). Biliary and/or pancreatic sphincterotomy were performed in 490 (84.5 %) and 23 (4.0 %) patients, respectively. The adverse event rate was 4.3 % (45/1050 procedures). Peritoneal perforation occurred in 1.8 % of the cases (19/1050 procedures) and always required immediate surgery. Two patients died after surgery (overall mortality 0.3 %). The other adverse events resolved following conservative management or endoscopic reintervention.In experienced centers, ERCP in Billroth II patients had morbidity and mortality rates that were comparable to patients with normal anatomy. The main reasons for failure were related to the inability to reach the papilla. Peritoneal perforation was the most common adverse event, and required a prompt surgical approach.
Interference with the oxidative response of neutrophils by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: F E Perry, C J Elson, L W Greenham, J R Catterall
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Pneumococcal infections are still a major clinical problem. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) are considered to have a key role in the host9s defence against Streptococcus pneumoniae but the mechanisms by which they kill the pneumococcus remain unclear. As reactive oxygen species are regarded as a major antimicrobial defence of phagocytes an attempt has been made to establish their role in the response of neutrophils to S pneumoniae. METHODS--S pneumoniae isolated from patients with bacteraemic pneumococcal pneumonia were incubated with neutrophils in suspension and superoxide production was measured by reduction of ferricytochrome c. RESULTS--S pneumoniae did not stimulate superoxide production alone or in the presence of normal human serum. Spontaneous superoxide production by neutrophils was actually abrogated by S pneumoniae, as was the powerful respiratory burst stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. This phenomenon depended on both the dose and the viability of the bacteria. With S pneumoniae in the logarithmic phase of growth inhibitory activity was confined to the organisms themselves but with organisms undergoing autolysis it was also present in filtered supernatants, suggesting that the inhibitory activity can be attributed to a factor released during autolysis. CONCLUSIONS--S pneumoniae can interfere with the respiratory burst of neutrophils. This property may help to explain the pathogenicity of the organism.
PANACEA OR PERSONALIZED MEDICINE? OPTIMIZING ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME &amp;ndash; A COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS
Authors: Dhruv Kazi, Alan M. Garber, Rashmee Shah, Ceron Rhee, Solomon Moshkevich, Matthew W. Mell, Derek Boothroyd, Douglas K. Owens, Mark Hlatky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2121: Resveratrol regulates phospho-serine 81 androgen receptor and its stability to inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yu-Ting Peng, Tzu-Yin Chen, Mei-Chih Chen, Eugene Lin, Ho Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Resveratrol, a polyphenol, has been reported as a cell growth inhibitor of various types of cancer. The molecular mechanisms of resveratrol are involved in different cellular signal transductions such as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Resveratrol inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells through regulating cyclin-dependent kinases, anti-apoptotic proteins, and pro-apoptotic proteins. Notably, resveratrol may down-regulate androgen receptor (AR) and its downstream gene to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. In previous study, serine 81 phosphorylation of AR increases its protein stability and transcriptional activity, which promotes prostate cancer cell growth. The aim of this study is to investigate whether AR serine 81 phosphorylation would be a target of resveratrol in prostate cancer cells. Our data indicate that resveratrol inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, with the decrease of AR phospho-serine 81 levels. Moreover, AR protein stability was declined by resveratrol without affecting AR mRNA expression. Indeed, resveratrol inhibited AR transcriptional activity in results of AR reporter assay and PSA level in LNCaP cells. In summary, the results suggest that resveratrol might inhibit growth of LNCaP cells, at least, via decreasing phospho-serine 81 of AR, AR protein stability, and AR transcriptional activity. Citation Format: Yu-Ting Peng, Tzu-Yin Chen, Mei-Chih Chen, Eugene Lin, Ho Lin. Resveratrol regulates phospho-serine 81 androgen receptor and its stability to inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2121
Conservative Management of Colonoscopic Perforation Can Be Misleading
Authors: A. Soliman, M. Grundman
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

The management of colonoscopic perforations is still evolving. Many now agree to the selective management strategy: Perforations during diagnostic colonoscopy being treated surgically and therapeutic ones treated conservatively. However, patients with diagnostic perforation, if they have clean bowel and no signs of peritonitis, are still treated conservatively. We report here the case of a woman who had a perforation during diagnostic colonoscopy who was treated medically with good progress and no signs of peritonitis during her hospital stay for five days, but collapsed and died at home two days later.
APOE ϵ4 Increases Risk for Dementia in Pure Synucleinopathies
Authors: Debby Tsuang, James B. Leverenz, Oscar L. Lopez, Ronald L. Hamilton, David A. Bennett, Julie A. Schneider, Aron S. Buchman, Eric B. Larson, Paul K. Crane, Jeffrey A. Kaye, Patricia Kramer, Randy Woltjer, John Q. Trojanowski, Daniel Weintraub, Alice S. Chen-Plotkin, David J. Irwin, Jacqueline Rick, Gerard D. Schellenberg, G. Stennis Watson, Walter Kukull, Peter T. Nelson, Gregory A. Jicha, Janna H. Neltner, Doug Galasko, Eliezer Masliah, Joseph F. Quinn, Kathryn A. Chung, Dora Yearout, Ignacio F. Mata, Jia Y. Wan, Karen L. Edwards, Thomas J. Montine, Cyrus P. Zabetian
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3>To test for an association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 allele and dementias with synucleinopathy.<h3>Design</h3>Genetic case-control association study.<h3>Setting</h3>Academic research.<h3>Patients</h3>Autopsied subjects were classified into 5 categories: dementia with high-level Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathologic changes (NCs) but without Lewy body disease (LBD) NCs (AD group; n = 244), dementia with LBDNCs and high-level ADNCs (LBD-AD group; n = 224), dementia with LBDNCs and no or low levels of ADNCs (pure DLB [pDLB] group; n = 91), Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) with no or low levels of ADNCs (n = 81), and control group (n = 269).<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>The APOE allele frequencies.<h3>Results</h3>The APOE ϵ4 allele frequency was significantly higher in the AD (38.1%), LBD-AD (40.6%), pDLB (31.9%), and PDD (19.1%) groups compared with the control group (7.2%; overall χ<sup>2</sup><sub>4</sub> = 185.25; P = 5.56 × 10<sup>−39</sup>), and it was higher in the pDLB group than the PDD group (P = .01). In an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted dominant model, ϵ4 was strongly associated with AD (odds ratio, 9.9; 95% CI, 6.4-15.3), LBD-AD (odds ratio, 12.6; 95% CI, 8.1-19.8), pDLB (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% CI, 3.5-10.5), and PDD (odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7-5.6).<h3>Conclusions</h3>The APOE ϵ4 allele is a strong risk factor across the LBD spectrum and occurs at an increased frequency in pDLB relative to PDD. This suggests that ϵ4 increases the likelihood of presenting with dementia in the context of a pure synucleinopathy. The elevated ϵ4 frequency in the pDLB and PDD groups, in which the overall brain neuritic plaque burden was low, indicates that apoE might contribute to neurodegeneration through mechanisms unrelated to amyloid processing.
A Japanese patient with a mild form of lamellar ichthyosis harbouring two missense mutations in the core domain of the transglutaminase 1 gene
Authors: S. Muramatsu, Y. Suga, J. Kon, S. Matsuba, Y. Hashimoto, H. Ogawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Although mutations in the transglutaminase (TGase) 1 gene (TGM1) have been identified in a number of families with lamellar ichthyosis (LI), genotype/phenotype correlations in LI have not yet been fully elucidated. We report a patient with a mild form of LI harbouring heterozygous TGM1 mutations (R307W and R389H). Interestingly, the patient bears the unique feature of localized ichthyotic lesions. Because this phenotype has also been found in some independent cases reported previously, further analysis may help to clarify the relationship of genotype to phenotype in LI. A 21‐year‐old Japanese man showed clinical manifestations of brown, plate‐like scales and hyperkeratosis, mainly on the ventral area of the trunk and restricted areas of the extremities (Fig. 1a,b). No abnormalities were found in other areas, although the palmoplantar skin was slightly hyperkeratotic. The patient was not the product of a consanguineous marriage, and no other family members had similar symptoms. At birth, he displayed mild erythroderma with fine scales covering the entire body. The erythroderma disappeared after early infancy, later to be replaced by brown, plate‐like scales on the ventral surface of the trunk and restricted areas of the extremities. Steroid sulphatase activity in a peripheral blood sample was normal. He had no other congenital abnormalities. Light microscopy of a skin biopsy from the left arm showed orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, with a slightly thickened granular cell layer and mild acanthosis. Electron microscopy showed thin, electron‐dense cornified cell envelopes in the superficial granular cells (Fig. 2a,b).
Complete Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Donald C. Fyler
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This book results from Dr. Shaher's long interest in transposition of the great arteries, an interest that began at Guys Hospital, London, continued at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, and more recently at Albany Medical Center, New York. The available data on 409 patients from these three institutions have been personally reviewed, the majority (336) having been seen in Toronto. This case material plus an extensive review of the literature is presented in 20 chapters. Twelve chapters (200 pages) deal with definitions, incidence, normal cardiac embryogenesis, the pathogenesis of transposition and other nonclinical topics; the final eight chapters (300 pages) deal with diagnosis and treatment. Wherever possible, the patient's data are correlated with the literature, and on debatable points Dr. Shaher's opinions are plainly stated. There are more than 1,000 references on a chapter by chapter basis with a final authors' index for crossreferencing. Detailed case data are
Myopathy with Viral-like Structures
Authors: Carl M. Pearson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are acute or chronic diseases of human beings that may occur at any age and may follow either an acute or a clinically indolent course. The principal clinical feature is proximal muscle weakness involving the upper and lower extremities, occasionally distal muscle weakness, and occasionally involvement of other structures such as the myocardium and the lung. When the skin is involved in the usual classic form, the condition is identified as dermatomyositis.Because of the varying modes of clinical presentation, it has been suspected by many that these disorders represent a syndrome with a variety of causes . . .