tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gestational Age and Birth Weight on the Risk of Strabismus Among Premature Infants
Authors: Shilpa Gulati, Chris A. Andrews, Alexandra O. Apkarian, David C. Musch, Paul P. Lee, Joshua D. Stein
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Strabismus causes irreversible vision loss if not detected and treated early. It is unclear whether birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) are risk factors for strabismus.To estimate the effect of BW and GA on the likelihood of premature infants developing strabismus.In this longitudinal cohort analysis, we monitored a group of premature children from birth to determine the proportion that developed strabismus and the timing of the first strabismus diagnosis. Multivariable Cox regression analyses assessed the relationships of BW and GA with the development of strabismus. Regression models were adjusted for other risk factors for strabismus, sociodemographic factors, and ocular comorbidities. The analysis included 38,055 otherwise healthy children born prematurely who were enrolled for more than 6 months in a nationwide US managed care network between 2001 and 2011 in communities throughout the United States.Birth weight less than 2000 g or GA of 32 weeks or less.Hazard ratios (HRs) for strabismus with 95% CIs.Of 38,055 otherwise healthy children who were born prematurely, 583 received a diagnosis of strabismus later in life. The cumulative incidence of strabismus was 3.0% at 5 years. Controlling for GA and other covariates, infants born with BW less than 2000 g had a 61% increased hazard (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.22-2.13) of developing strabismus. Controlling for BW and other covariates, there was no significant association between strabismus and GA (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.69-1.38). Among premature infants with BW of less than 2000 g, a GA of 32 weeks or less conveyed no additional increased risk for developing strabismus relative to infants born after 32 weeks (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.86-1.88). In contrast, among infants with a GA of 32 weeks or less, BW of less than 2000 g conveyed a 14-fold increase in the risk of strabismus relative to BW of 2000 g or more (HR, 14.39; 95% CI, 1.99-104.14).Independent of GA, very low BW conferred a large increase in strabismus risk among premature infants. In contrast, independent of BW, GA did not significantly affect the risk of strabismus. Updates to existing guidelines in the pediatric and ophthalmic literature should be considered, highlighting the importance of BW rather than GA and alerting clinicians about the need for careful monitoring of premature infants with low BW for strabismus.
Elevated serum levels of endocan in patients with psoriasis vulgaris: correlations with cardiovascular risk and activity of disease
Authors: I. Balta, S. Balta, S. Demirkol, D.P. Mikhailidis, T. Celik, M. Akhan, O. Kurt, Y.G. Kurt, I. Aydin, S. Kilic
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Psoriasis vulgaris is an inflammatory disease characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation, leucocyte adhesion molecule expression and leucocyte infiltration. Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is widely regarded as being the initial process in the development of atherosclerosis. Human endothelial cell‐specific molecule‐1 (endocan) is a novel human endothelial cell‐specific molecule. Previous studies suggested that endocan may be a novel endothelial dysfunction marker. To investigate the relationship between serum levels of endocan and both cardiovascular risk and disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. A total of 29 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 35 control subjects were included in the study. Endocan, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and carotid artery intima–media thickness (cIMT) were measured in all subjects. Serum endocan levels were significantly different between the two groups (P <0·001). In patients with psoriasis, serum endocan levels correlated with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, hsCRP and cIMT (r =0·477, P =0·009; r =0·484, P =0·008; r =0·408, P =0·02, respectively). Circulating endocan may represent a new marker that correlates with cardiovascular risk as well as the severity of disease in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Endocan may be a surrogate endothelial dysfunction marker and may have a functional role in endothelium‐dependent pathological disorders. Whether endocan levels could become a treatment target merits further investigation.
TWO PRIMARY TUMORS OF THE GASSERIAN GANGLION
Authors: ETHEL C. RUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Tumors of the gasserian ganglion are of considerable interest because of their rare occurrence, and because of the difficulty in diagnosis. In many of the cases reported, there seems to be no sharp differentiation between those primary to the ganglion and those of the adjacent region, involving the ganglion coincidently. Few, if any, cases reported can be said to have originated within the ganglion itself, but rather in its sheath or the neighboring dura. Hellsten<sup>1</sup>believes that the ganglionic tissue possesses a peculiar resistance to tumor invasion, a fact that is further borne out by the lack of tumor involvement of the spinal ganglions, which is so seldom found. Frazier<sup>2</sup>discusses in detail this unusual condition. At the time Frazier wrote, only fourteen tumors had been exposed at operation, the first being in 1895, by Krogius. Of these fourteen, ten were inoperable. Since that time, Henneberg<sup>3</sup>has
Beneficial hemodynamic effects of ketanserin in patients with cirrhosis: Possible role of serotonergic mechanisms in portal hypertension
Authors: Antoine Hadengue, Samuel S. Lee, Richard Moreau, Alain Braillon, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

We studied the acute effects of ketanserin, a serotonin S 2 antagonist, on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in 11 patients with cirrhosis. Mean arterial pressure decreased moderately but significantly after ketanserin. This effect was maximal at 5 min and correlated to the severity of cirrhosis. Cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were not significantly changed. The hepatic venous pressure gradient, used as an index of portal pressure, significantly decreased after ketanserin (-23%). Azygos blood flow, a reflection of superior portosystemic collateral blood flow, also significantly decreased (-26%), but this effect was delayed, progressive and not correlated to the arterial pressure decrease. Hepatic blood flow was unchanged. These findings suggest that the systemic and splanchnic circulations may be hypersensitive to ketanserin in cirrhotic patients, and that serotonergic mechanisms may contribute to maintain portal hypertension. New specific antiserotonergic drugs deserve further evaluation for potential therapeutic implications in portal hypertension.
Additive value of relative coronary flow reserve in the assessment of intermediate coronary artery stenosis: comparison to myocardial stress perfusion imaging
Authors: M.M. Stikovac, M.J. Kern, T.J. Donohue, R.G. Bach, F.V. Aguirre, E.A. Caracciolo, W.R. Craig, S. Bitar, C. Mechem
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
LIGHT, a novel ligand for lymphotoxin beta receptor and TR2/HVEM induces apoptosis and suppresses in vivo tumor formation via gene transfer.
Authors: Y Zhai, R Guo, T L Hsu, G L Yu, J Ni, B S Kwon, G W Jiang, J Lu, J Tan, M Ugustus, K Carter, L Rojas, F Zhu, C Lincoln, G Endress, L Xing, S Wang, K O Oh, R Gentz, S Ruben, M E Lippman, S L Hsieh, D Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

LIGHT is a new member of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) cytokine family derived from an activated T cell cDNA library. LIGHT mRNA is highly expressed in splenocytes, activated PBL, CD8(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, granulocytes, and monocytes but not in the thymus and the tumor cells examined. Introduction of LIGHT cDNA into MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma caused complete tumor suppression in vivo. Histological examination showed marked neutrophil infiltration and necrosis in LIGHT expressing but not in the parental or the Neo-transfected MDA-MB-231 tumors. Interferon gamma (IFNgamma) dramatically enhances LIGHT-mediated apoptosis. LIGHT protein triggers apoptosis of various tumor cells expressing both lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR) and TR2/HVEM receptors, and its cytotoxicity can be blocked specifically by addition of a LTbetaR-Fc or a TR2/HVEM-Fc fusion protein. However, LIGHT was not cytolytic to the tumor cells that express only the LTbetaR or the TR2/HVEM or hematopoietic cells examined that express only the TR2/HVEM, such as PBL, Jurkat cells, or CD8(+) TIL cells. In contrast, treatment of the activated PBL with LIGHT resulted in release of IFNgamma. Our data suggest that LIGHT triggers distinct biological responses based on the expression patterns of its receptors on the target cells. Thus, LIGHT may play a role in the immune modulation and have a potential value in cancer therapy.
The supply of rural physicians
Authors: J. T. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1993)

ABSTRACT To the Editor. —I wish to comment on the recent article by Rosenblatt et al.1  statement General surgeons—once very well represented in rural areas—are increasingly selecting urban practice locations40 meets all of the previously established criteria for a major quotation error.2 Dr Imbembo's cited article in reference 40 contains no discussion of the practice distribution of general surgeons.The statement ... but surgical education has itself become increasingly subspecialized is erroneous and represents a total misunderstanding of the current thrust of surgical education. Surgical educators have developed curricula that include a generalist approach that is of particular benefit to students entering primary care.  Association for Surgical Education has worked to accomplish these goals in nearly every medical school, including the University of Washington, whose representatives are Drs Foy and Herman and Ms Coluccio.The final erroneous statement is a synthesis of the two previous ones: The
Diabetes Complications and Mortality Among Alaska Natives: 8 Years of Observation
Authors: Cynthia D Schraer, Amanda I Adler, Ann Marie Mayer, Karen R Halderson, Brian A Trimble
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To determine the prevalence and incidence of diabetes in Alaska Natives and the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents (stroke), myocardial infarction (MI), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), lower-extremity amputations (LEA), and mortality over a 6- to 8-year period.The data derive from a registry of diagnosed diabetes (World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) of the Alaska Area Native Health Service (AANHS), from medical records, and from the Alaska Bureau of Vital Statistics.From 1986 to 1993, the prevalence of diabetes in Alaska Natives increased by 22% from 15.7 to 19.2 per 1,000 people. Of these cases, nearly all were diagnosed with type II diabetes. During the same period, 614 new cases were diagnosed. The incidence was 1.5 per 1,000 Alaska Natives per year. The incidence of confirmed MI was 8.0 per 1,000 person-years of diabetes. Aleuts had the highest rate, followed by Indians and Eskimos. The incidence of confirmed stroke was 10.6 per 1,000 person-years of diabetes. Eskimos had a significantly higher rate than Indians (P = 0.002), and women had a higher rate than men. The incidence of LEA was 5.0 per 1,000 person-years of diabetes. The incidence rate dropped significantly after instituting a foot care program. The incidence for ESRD was 3.3 per 1,000 and also showed a decline with time. The all-cause mortality rate of 43.2 per 1,000 person-years of diabetes was nearly equal between men and women. Among Alaska Natives with diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) was the most common cause of death, followed by cancer and diabetes, per se.We conclude that diabetes is increasing in Alaska Natives, who are experiencing both the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. The incidence of LEA and ESRD show some evidence of a decrease after intervention efforts.
THE EFFECT OF ALKALI ON CRYSTALLURIA FROM SULFATHIAZOLE AND SULFADIAZINE
Authors: Leon Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Recent medical literature contains many reports of hematuria, oliguria, anuria, pain in the loin and uroliths associated with the use of sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole. These renal complications are due, in part if not entirely, to the presence of sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole crystals in the urinary tract. Certain of these toxic effects necessitate discontinuance of chemotherapy at a time when treatment with these drugs is most desired. We have previously<sup>1</sup>stressed the importance of maintaining urinary outputs of at least 1,200 cc. daily in order to facilitate the excretion of these compounds from the body. At this time we wish to present briefly our observationson the effect of alkali on the incidence and number
What causes elevated B-type natriuretic peptide in patients without heart failure?
Authors: Peter A. McCullough, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Marie-Claude Aumont, Philippe Duc, Torbjorn Omland, Catherine W. Knudsen, Richard M. Nowak, James McCord, Judd E. Hollander, Arne Westheim, Alan B. Storrow, William T. Abraham, Sumant Lamba, Alan H. Wu, Alan S. Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Selective Activation of Noradrenaline and Adrenaline Producing Cells in the Cat's Adrenal Gland by Hypothalamic Stimulation
Authors: B. FOLKOW, U. S. VON EULER
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

By stimulating different parts of the hypothalamus in the cat, it has been possible to show that adrenal medullary secretion often contains preferentially adrenaline or noradrenaline. The results indicate that the two horomones are secreted from different cells with separate innervation.
Genetics in the Clinic: Clinical, Ethical, and Social Implications for Primary Care
Authors: Alison Whelan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 October 2001Genetics in the Clinic: Clinical, Ethical, and Social Implications for Primary CareAlison Whelan, MDAlison Whelan, MDWashington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. (Whelan)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-8_Part_1-200110160-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Mahowald MB, Aspinwall T, McKusick VA, Scheuerle A. 256 pages. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2001. $39.95. ISBN 0323012035. Order phone 800-426-4545.Field of medicine: Clinical genetics and primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians seeking an overview of general principles of clinical genetics and a concise discussion of ethical issues in clinical genetics.Purpose: To accelerate and facilitate the integration of genetics into routine primary care practice.Content: The book includes 19 chapters divided into four parts. Part 1 reviews underlying principles of genetics and implications for diagnosis and management of genetic diseases. Part 2 discusses general topics in genetics ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. (Whelan) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 October 2001Volume 135, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 636KeywordsClinical geneticsGenetic counselingGenetic diseasesGenetic testingGeneticsMedical geneticsMolecular biologyMolecular pathologyRacial and ethnic issuesSoftware tools ePublished: 16 October 2001 Issue Published: 16 October 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Oxalosis
Authors: Martha Stauffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

OXALOSIS is a rare disease characterized by hyperoxaluria, oxalate calculi in the urinary tract and widespread deposits of oxalate crystals throughout the body. It usually appears in early life and progresses to severe renal insufficiency and a fatal outcome.1 2 3 Recently, in a patient with this disorder urinary excretions of oxalate were measured. The purpose of this report is to record the clinical features and biochemical abnormalities that developed, along with an investigation of oxalate excretion in the patient's parents as well as some other patients with oxalate calculi.Case ReportM.S., a 13-year-old colored girl, first presented herself to University . . .
Abstract 4090: Epigenetic profiling identifies differentially methylated loci in metastatic vs. non-metastatic primary squamous and basal cell skin cancers
Authors: Justin A. Colacino, Alice Tang, Jeffrey Moyer, Laura Rozek
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Over 2 million new cases of these cancers are diagnosed each year, and incidence rates are increasing worldwide. Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the skin are generally considered less aggressive than melanomas, which is reflected in their lower relative mortality rates. Despite this, a clinically relevant subgroup of both of these cancers will metastasize and develop an aggressive disease phenotype. In order to characterize the molecular pathways that may be involved in the development of metastatic disease in these common cancers, we measured DNA methylation profiles at 1505 CpG sites associated with 807 related to cancer using the Illumina Goldengate Methylation Cancer Panel BeadArray in BCCs and SCCs isolated from patients treated at the University of Michigan. DNA methylation was measured in metastatic (n=9) and non-metastatic (n=19) primary SCCs and in metastatic (n=3) and non-metastatic (n=9) primary BCCs. Due to the known divergent mechanisms of carcinogenesis of basal and squamous cell carcinomas, separate analyses were conducted for these tumor types. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was used to identify overall differences in DNA methylation patterns between metastatic and non-metastatic disease. Gene specific analyses using linear modeling coupled with an empirical Bayes method of variance estimation were conducted to identify if methylation at individual CpG sites is associated with metastatic potential. SCCs were not found to cluster based on metastasis, however, metastatic BCCs were found to cluster together, suggesting that metastatic BCCs may share common mechanisms of pathogenesis. In gene specific analyses, FRZB was found to be statistically significantly hypermethylated in metastatic compared to non-metastatic primary SCCs (median methylation: 54.2% vs. 4.7%; p=3.8x10-5). Two sites in MYCL2 were found to be significantly hypomethylated in metastatic vs. non-metastatic BCCs (3.7% and 4.0% vs. 77.9% and 53.5%; p=1.87x10-6 and 3.69x10-5 respectively). The results from this pilot study give insight into the molecular mechanism of metastasis for nonmelanoma skin cancers and identify the divergent characteristics of BCCs and SCCs. The differentially methylation regions identified in this study may be useful epigenetic biomarkers of metastatic potential for nonmelanoma skin cancers to be examined in an extended patient population in future studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4090. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4090
Spontaneous tachyarrhythmias after cholinergic suppression in the isolated perfused canine right atrium.
Authors: R B Schuessler, L V Rosenshtraukh, J P Boineau, B I Bromberg, J L Cox
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Atrial fibrillation occurs spontaneously after bradycardia induced by acetylcholine infusion or vagal stimulation. To determine the mechanism of initiation of this tachyarrhythmia, we infused acetylcholine (5 ml, 10(-3.5) M) into Krebs-Henseleit-perfused isolated canine right atria (n = 10). Unipolar electrograms were recorded from 250 sites simultaneously during control rhythms, pacing (cycle length = 300 msec) with and without acetylcholine, and recovery of spontaneous activity. Activation sequence maps were constructed from each recording. Stable spontaneous rhythm was present in all preparations during control conditions. Activation sequence maps, recorded during continuous pacing with and without acetylcholine, demonstrated no dromotropic changes due to the acetylcholine. Focal asynchronous recovery of spontaneous activity was initiated from different sites, resulting in bigeminal or trigeminal premature depolarizations in 41 of 73 cases after infusion of acetylcholine. A reentrant tachyarrhythmia was initiated in 24 of 41 cases by the closely coupled recovery beats (A1A2 = 100 +/- 37 msec; A2A3 = 97 +/- 27 msec). The reentry was initiated by interaction of the premature impulse with regions of functional block that were a result of the cholinergically induced dispersion of refractoriness. All the tachyarrhythmias terminated spontaneously, and stable spontaneous control rhythms returned. In conclusion, the data suggest that the premature depolarizations that initiate the reentrant tachyarrhythmia are caused by the asynchronous recovery of multiple right atrial pacemakers accompanied by variable entrance block at the later depolarizing sites.
1328 PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF NAFLD IN THE POPULATION OF THE URALS AND SIBERIA IN COMPARISON WITH THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION. DIREG_L_01903 STUDY
Authors: V.V. Tsukanov, J.L. Tonkikh, E.V. Kasparov, O.S. Amelchugova, A.V. Vasyutin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Secondary genetic lesions in acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16) or t(16;16): a study of the German-Austrian AML Study Group (AMLSG)
Authors: Peter Paschka, Juan Du, Richard F. Schlenk, Verena I. Gaidzik, Lars Bullinger, Andrea Corbacioglu, Daniela Späth, Sabine Kayser, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Jürgen Krauter, Arnold Ganser, Claus-Henning Köhne, Gerhard Held, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Heinz Kirchen, Mathias Rummel, Katharina Götze, Heinz-August Horst, Mark Ringhoffer, Michael Lübbert, Mohammed Wattad, Helmut R. Salih, Andrea Kündgen, Hartmut Döhner, Konstanze Döhner
Journal: Blood (2012)