tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventive administration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine and development of tolerance to isosorbide dinitrate in patients with angina pectoris.
Authors: S Boesgaard, J Aldershvile, H E Poulsen
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Development of tolerance to organic nitrates may be related to depletion of sulfhydryl groups in vascular smooth muscle. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a sulfhydryl donor, has been reported to potentiate the effect of nitroglycerin and reverse tolerance in humans. However, its ability to prevent or delay the development of nitrate tolerance in patients with angina pectoris has not been established. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten patients with stable angina pectoris were treated with intravenous isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; 5 mg/hr) combined with NAC (2 g i.v. over 15 minutes followed by 5 mg/kg/hr) or matching placebo for 30 hours in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study with a washout interval of 8 days. Bicycle exercise tests were performed before and at 1 1/2, 8, 20, 24, and 30 hours after start of treatment. After 24 hours of infusion, exercise parameters were not significantly different from pretreatment values (p greater than 0.05) during ISDN plus placebo, indicating development of tolerance to ISDN. In contrast, time to onset of angina, time to 1-mm ST segment depression, and total amount of ST segment depression were still significantly improved after 24-hour infusion of ISDN plus NAC (p less than 0.05). In addition, compared with placebo, a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in favor of NAC was observed regarding time to angina (507 +/- 63 versus 445 +/- 69 seconds, mean +/- SEM), time to 1-mm ST segment depression (435 +/- 43 versus 407 +/- 45 seconds), and total ST segment depression (1.8 +/- 0.9 versus 3.1 +/- 0.4 mm). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that infusion of high doses of NAC in combination with ISDN for 30 hours affects and partially prevents the development of tolerance to antianginal effects normally observed during infusion with ISDN.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor Resulting From Foreign Body in Abdominal Cavity Detected by FDG PET
Authors: Chung-Huei Hsu, Chi-Ming Lee, Shyr-Yi Lin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 43-year-old woman with cervical cancer underwent total hysterectomy 1 year earlier and was referred to our department for a follow-up fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic study. The whole-body images demonstrated a 6-cm-diameter spherical mass in the abdomen. The mass had intense FDG uptake peripherally with central photopenia (ring shaped). It was palpable and movable, with an elastic consistency and a smooth, even surface. The tumor mass was identified as an inflammatory granuloma caused by a foreign body, very likely gauze left in the abdomen during the prior surgical procedure.
Opiate Receptors in the Brain
Authors: Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Opiates have had therapeutic relevance since antiquity and are still among the most widely used drugs in medical practice. The euphoric and calming actions of opiates fostered their clinical use as sedatives, "antianxiety agents," hypnotics and antidepressants. Awareness of their addictive propensities prompted a decline in the use of opiates for these purposes and a restriction to analgesic, antidiarrheal and antitussive roles. For many years pharmacologists have sought a nonaddicting opiate in persistent but largely vain efforts. The recent characterization of opiate receptors in the brain and opioid peptides, presumptive neurotransmitters that normally interact with the opiate receptor, may render . . .
Endoscopic gallbladder drainage for acute cholecystitis: technical and clinical results
Authors: M. Mutignani, F. Iacopini, V. Perri, P. Familiari, A. Tringali, C. Spada, M. Ingrosso, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Cholecystectomy is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis while percutaneous drainage is reserved for high-risk patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the technical success rate and clinical efficacy of endoscopic gallbladder drainage in patients with acute cholecystitis.A total of 35 consecutive patients with acute cholecystitis and without residual common bile duct obstruction were retrospectively identified. Patients were stratified according to the pathogenesis and stages of acute cholecystitis, and the morphology of the cystic duct and/or its insertion in the common bile duct. Primary outcomes were technical success and early and late clinical success.Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed within the first 72 hours in 19 patients (54%). Technical success was achieved in 29 patients (83%); drainage was nasocholecystic in 21 of these (72%), plastic stenting in 6 (21%), and a combined method in 2 (7%). The pathogenesis and stage of acute cholecystitis, and the morphology both of the cystic duct and its insertion in the common bile duct, did not influence technical success. Clinical success was achieved in 24 cases (83%) after a median of 3 days (range 2-12). Four patients (14%) died within 3 days due to septic complications, and one accidentally removed the nasocholecystic drain after 24 hours. Late results, available in 21 patients after a median follow-up of 17 months, showed relapse of acute cholecystitis in 2 (10%) (both with stents) and of biliary pain in 2 patients (10%), both of whom had nasocholecystic drainage.Endoscopic gallbladder drainage seems feasible and effective in resolving acute cholecystitis, but only as a temporary measure because of a 20% relapse rate in long-term follow-up. Prospective studies are necessary to identify which patients would benefit most from this endoscopic technique in the short and long term.
Background Enhancement Patterns on Screening Breast MRI – Impact on Biopsy Rate and Short Interval Follow Up.
Authors: N. Hambly, E. Morris
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction:Marked background enhancement is one of the perceived limiting factors on breast MRI possibly obscuring suspicious lesions and reducing both the sensitivity and specificity of detection of small cancers. Background enhancement on MRI refers to the normal physiological enhancement of the woman's fibroglandular tissue and varies with age, hormonal status, menstrual cycle and breast glandularity. Patterns of enhancement vary greatly and marked enhancement can occur even when the MRI is performed in week 2 of the menstrual cycle or in postmenopausal women.Aim:To determine what impact background enhancement has on biopsy rate and short interval follow up rate.Method:231 consecutive baseline screening MRIs, in women aged between 16 -79 (average age 48) performed between Jan 2003 and Oct 2004 were selected. Indications for screening included significant family history (46.3%), personal history of contralateral mastectomy (25.1%), personal history of atypia (19.5%), other (3.0%), personal history of mantle radiation (2.2%), personal history of breast cancer &amp;gt; 5 years previously (2.2%), personal history of ovarian cancer (1.7%).The background enhancement in each case was described as minimal (&amp;lt; 25% glandular tissue showing enhancement), mild (25-50% enhancement), moderate (50-75% enhancement) and marked (&amp;gt; 75% enhancement).The BIRADS category, positive predictive value of biopsy and false positive rate was determined and compared for enhancement patterns.Results:Of 231 screening studies 26.6% demonstrated minimal enhancement, 32.8% mild enhancement, 22.7% moderate enhancement and 17.9% marked enhancement. Patients with minimal/mild enhancement had significantly higher rate of normal (BIRADS 1/2) examinations than those with moderate/marked enhancement (47.8% vs. 30.5%, p = 0.008). Patients with minimal/mild enhancement had significantly lower rate of six month followup (BIRADS 3) (38.97% vs. 53.68%, p = 0.02). No significant difference in biopsy rate was noted (11.7% minimal/mild enhancement vs. 14.7% moderate/marked enhancement, p = 0.5). No significant difference in positive predictive value of biopsy between the groups was noted (35.7% for moderate/marked enhancement vs. 25% for minimal/mild enhancement, p = 0.52).Conclusion:No significant association was found between background enhancement pattern and biopsy rate or false positive rate. However, patients with moderate/marked enhancement were significantly more likely to be given a category of BIRADS 3 and assigned to short interval follow up. The increased rate of BIRADS 3 in patients with moderate/marked background enhancement may be related to reduced reader confidence in these patients. Recognition of normal background enhancement patterns is important to limit the number of patients undergoing short interval followup. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4020.
175. Titering Gene Delivery Vectors by QPCR: Application to rSV40-Derived Vectors
Authors: Christine B. Mitchell, David S. Strayer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Several methods have been used for quantification of SV40 gene transfer vectors (rSV40). Each technique measures a different parameter of recombinant virus structure or function, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Titering by A260/A280 ratios, as is commonly used for Adenovirus, is unreliable because full-length rSV40 genome is indistinguishable from rSV40 fragments and non-viral DNA. Quantifying non-replicating viruses like rSV40 by plaque assay is difficult and not reproducible. In situ PCR has been used to determine rSV40 titers, but this is very time consuming and is subject to interpretative errors. Consequently, a quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) assay was developed to titer rSV40 preparations. This method was fast, simple and generated highly reproducible virus titers.Primer sets specific for the rSV40 vectors were coupled with SYBR green detection of PCR products. Virus titers were determined by comparison to a standard curve of purified rSV40 plasmid DNA. Several commercially available SYBR green PCR mixes and a lab-made formulation were tested to determine which mix performed best.Prior to performing the QPCR, rSV40 samples were dialyzed to remove detergents (deoxycholate, Triton X-100) that were used during virus purification, and digested with DNase and RNase to eliminate any non-encapsidated nucleic acids. Experiments that compared DNase-digested and undigested aliquots from the same virus preparations demonstrated that 50%|[ndash]|100% of the viral DNA was encapsidated (depending on the preparation). Treatment with proteinase K to remove the virus capsid before QPCR was determined to be unnecessary: the hot start step required to activate the Taq polymerase was sufficient to break the virus capsids and to release the viral DNA for amplification. Primer sets that amplify different regions of the rSV40 genome were tested. All the primer sets gave comparable amplification profiles and generated similar titers, indicating that the virus genomes were largely complete|[ndash]|without systematic large deletions or rearrangements. We have employed QPCR to titer rSV40 preparations for use in gene delivery experiments, and to monitor virus replication in SV40 packaging cell lines to determine when the maximal progeny virions are produced. With the design of appropriate primers, this QPCR assay is readily adaptable for quantifying other DNA viruses. We are developing a QRT-PCR protocol that will be useful for titering RNA viruses.
Characterization of Different Subsets of Atrial Fibrillation in General Practice in France
Authors: Samuel Lévy, Martine Maarek, Philippe Coumel, Louis Guize, Jean Lekieffre, Jean-Louis Medvedowsky, Alain Sebaoun
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The clinical presentation and causes of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the 1990s may differ from AF seen 2 to 3 decades ago. It was the objective of this prospective study to characterize various clinical presentations and underlying conditions of patients with AF observed in general practice in France. Methods and Results —The study population comprised 756 patients (19 to 95 years of age) with electrocardiographically documented AF subdivided into paroxysmal (&lt;7 days), chronic (last episode &gt;1 month) and recent onset AF(persistent &gt;7 days and&lt;1 month). Symptoms were present in 670 patients (88.6%). The relative prevalences of paroxysmal, chronic, and recent onset AF were 22.1%, 51.4%, and 26.4%, respectively. Cardiac disorders, present in 534 patients (70.6%), included hypertension (39.4%), coronary artery disease (16.6%), and myocardial diseases (15.3%) as the most common. Rheumatic valvular disease represented a common cause in women (25.0%) but not in men (8.0%). The paroxysmal group differed by a high percentage of palpitations (79.0%) and a low percentage of underlying heart disease (53.9%). With a mean follow-up of 8.6±3.7 months, 28 patients (3.7%) died, including 6 fatal cerebrovascular accidents. Among the 728 patients who survived, congestive heart failure occurred in 30 patients (4.1%), and embolic complications occurred in 13 patients (1.8%). In the paroxysmal AF group, 13 patients (8.0%) developed chronic AF and 51 (31.3%) had AF recurrences. At the time of follow-up, 53 patients (14.3%) from the chronic AF group and 108 patients (55.7%) from the recent onset AF group were in sinus rhythm. Conclusions —This large-scale study establishes the current demographic profile of out-of-hospital patients with AF and highlights some of the changes that have occurred in the past decades, including a particular shift in cardiac causes toward nonrheumatic AF. This study also demonstrates significant differences between various subsets of AF.
Alternative Macrophage Activation Is Essential for Survival during Schistosomiasis and Downmodulates T Helper 1 Responses and Immunopathology
Authors: De'Broski R Herbert, Christoph Hölscher, Markus Mohrs, Berenice Arendse, Anita Schwegmann, Magda Radwanska, Mosiuoa Leeto, Richard Kirsch, Pauline Hall, Horst Mossmann, Björn Claussen, Irmgard Förster, Frank Brombacher
Journal: Immunity (2004)
In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Findings of Corneal Wound Healing after Corneal Epithelial Debridement in Diabetic Vitrectomy
Authors: Wei-Li Chen, Chung-Tien Lin, Pei-Shou Ko, Po-Ting Yeh, Yi-Hsuan Kuan, Fung-Rong Hu, Chung-May Yang
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Improving the Food and Drug Administration's Mandate to Ensure Postmarketing Drug Safety
Authors: Dima M. Qato, G. Caleb Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case–Control Study of Blood Lead Levels and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Chinese Children
Authors: Hui-Li Wang, Xiang-Tao Chen, Bin Yang, Fang-Li Ma, Shu Wang, Ming-Liang Tang, Ming-Gao Hao, Di-Yun Ruan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and lead exposure are high-prevalence conditions among children.Our goal was to investigate the association between ADHD and blood lead levels (BLLs) in Chinese children, adjusting for known ADHD risk factors and potential confounding variables.We conducted a pair-matching case-control study with 630 ADHD cases and 630 non-ADHD controls 4-12 years of age, matched on the same age, sex, and socioeconomic status. The case and control children were systematically evaluated via structured diagnostic interviews, including caregiver interviews, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., revised criteria (DSM-IV-R). We evaluated the association between BLLs and ADHD using the Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables and the Student t-test for continuous data. We then performed conditional multiple variables logistic regression analyses with backward stepwise selection to predict risk factors for ADHD.There was a significant difference in BLLs between ADHD cases and controls. ADHD cases were more likely to have been exposed to lead during childhood than the non-ADHD control subjects, with adjustment for other known risk factors [children with BLLs >or= 10 microg/dL vs. <or= 5 microg/dL; OR = 6.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.10-8.77, p < 0.01; 5-10 microg/dL vs.<or= 5 microg/dL, OR = 4.9; 95% CI = 3.47-6.98, p < 0.01]. These results were not modified by age and sex variables.This was the largest sample size case-control study to date to study the association between BLLs and ADHD in Chinese children. ADHD may be an additional deleterious outcome of lead exposure during childhood, even when BLLs are < 10 microg/dL.
Attachment styles within sexual relationships are strategic
Authors: Douglas K. Symons, Alicia L. Szielasko
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Del Giudice's examination of sex differences in reproductive strategy within an attachment context is well taken. Sex has been studied as behavior within romantic relationships, but attachment styles should also be reflected in strategic behavior within relationships that are sexual. This seems particularly true within adolescence, and sex differences may be better reflected as differences in correlation patterns of process variables than as main effects models.
Democrats vow to strengthen Medicare and Medicaid and preserve women's health rights
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Democratic Party platform, adopted last week at its convention, says that “Americans should have the security that comes with good health care, and . . . no one should go broke because they get sick” and supports the Affordable Care Act, President Barack Obama’s 2010 healthcare legislation.1 In their own platform the Republicans have sworn to repeal the act.2

“Women’s rights are civil rights,” the Democratic platform says. Women make up more than half of US voters, and polls indicate that they lean towards Obama. The Democratic platform supports a woman’s right to have an abortion, while calling for education to reduce numbers of unplanned pregnancies and abortions. The Republicans’ platform would ban abortions, although their presidential candidate, Mitt Romney, said that he would support exceptions for rape, incest, and a woman’s …
Activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α and ‐γ in auricular tissue from heart failure patients
Authors: Dulcenombre Gómez‐Garre, Marta Herraíz, Ma Luisa González‐Rubio, Rosa Bernal, Paloma Aragoncillo, Amparo Carbonell, Juan José Rufilanchas, Arturo Fernández‐Cruz
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Indications for Use of Iproniazid in Psychiatric Practice
Authors: P. J. Dally
Journal: BMJ (1958)

FAECAL OCCULT BLOOD TESTS rJ=OURNAL may cause confusion, particularly with inexperienced staff, so we prefer the occultest tablet test for ward use, in spite of its greater sensitivity, which will presumably produce a higher incidence of false-positive results.If this test is used on specimens from patients on a normal diet, weakly positive results are of doubtful significance, but positive results are probably significant, and strongly positive results are highly significant.SummaryA modification of the orthotolidine test for faecal occult blood is described.It may be used when the patient is on a normal diet, provided foods containing particularly large amounts of blood-for example, liver -are excluded.The test is much less sensitive than the standard orthotolidine test.Strongly positive results are significant, but false-positive and weakly positive results may be expected in up to about 10% of cases.The occultest tablet test is suggested as a suitable alter- native, particularly for ward use.My thanks are due to Dr. H. Loewenthal, senior pathologist, for his advice
Itraconazole to Prevent Fungal Infections in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: John I. Gallin, David W. Alling, Harry L. Malech, Robert Wesley, Deloris Koziol, Beatriz Marciano, Eli M. Eisenstein, Maria L. Turner, Ellen S. DeCarlo, Judith M. Starling, Steven M. Holland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare disorder in which the phagocytes fail to produce hydrogen peroxide. The patients are predisposed to bacterial and fungal infections. Prophylactic antibiotics and interferon gamma have reduced bacterial infections, but there is also the danger of life-threatening fungal infections. We assessed the efficacy of itraconazole as prophylaxis against serious fungal infections in chronic granulomatous disease.Thirty-nine patients at least 5 years old (6 female and 33 male; mean age, 14.9 years) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After the initially assigned treatment, each patient alternated between itraconazole and placebo annually. Patients 13 years of age or older and all patients weighing at least 50 kg received a single dose of 200 mg of itraconazole per day; those less than 13 years old or weighing less than 50 kg received a single dose of 100 mg per day. The primary end point was severe fungal infection, as determined by histologic results or culture.One patient (who had not been compliant with the treatment) had a serious fungal infection while receiving itraconazole, as compared with seven who had a serious fungal infection while receiving placebo (P=0.10). No patient receiving itraconazole but five patients receiving placebo had a superficial fungal infection. No serious toxic effects were noted, although one patient had a rash and another had elevated results on liver-function tests; both of these effects resolved with the discontinuation of itraconazole.Itraconazole prophylaxis appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment that reduces the frequency of fungal infections in chronic granulomatous disease, but monitoring for long-term toxic effects is warranted.
CHRONIC PSYCHOSIS FOLLOWING EPILEPSY
Authors: J. E. A. BARTLET
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

From a study of the literature and of the cases suffering from epilepsy which later developed chronic psychoses with delusions, no evidence was found to support either of the hypotheses implicit in earlier writings: that schizophrenia occurs more, or less, frequently in epileptics than in the general population; but there was a suggestion that affective psychoses occur less frequently, that depressive psychoses are very rare and that hypomanic psychoses may take a typical form of a divine revelation followed by elation and Messianic delusions. This last category is the only evidence to suggest a typical chronic epileptic psychosis. No case suffering from a paranoid reaction of sufficient severity to satisfy my original criteria, that could not be classified as affective or schizophrenic, was found. The high incidence of clinical and/or EEG evidence implicating the temporal lobe, supports the view that psychosis following epilepsy is related to temporal lobe dysfunction. It is suggested that epilepsy in subjects liable to schizophrenia tends to manifest itself in the temporal lobe.