tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Beta-blocker usage after malignant melanoma diagnosis and survival: a population-based nested case-control study
Authors: C. McCourt, H.G. Coleman, L.J. Murray, M.M. Cantwell, O. Dolan, D.G. Powe, C.R. Cardwell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Beta-blockers have potential antiangiogenic and antimigratory activity. Studies have demonstrated a survival benefit in patients with malignant melanoma treated with beta-blockers. Objectives To investigate the association between postdiagnostic beta-blocker usage and risk of melanoma-specific mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with malignant melanoma. Methods Patients with incident malignant melanoma diagnosed between 1998 and 2010 were identified within the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink and confirmed using cancer registry data. Patients with malignant melanoma with a melanoma-specific death (cases) recorded by the Office of National Statistics were matched on year of diagnosis, age and sex to four malignant melanoma controls (who lived at least as long after diagnosis as their matched case). A nested case–control approach was used to investigate the association between postdiagnostic beta-blocker usage and melanoma-specific death and all-cause mortality. Conditional logistic regression was applied to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for beta-blocker use determined from general practitioner prescribing. Results Beta-blocker medications were prescribed after malignant melanoma diagnosis to 20·2% of 242 patients who died from malignant melanoma (cases) and 20·3% of 886 matched controls. Consequently, there was no association between beta-blocker use postdiagnosis and cancer-specific death (OR 0·99, 95% CI 0·68–1·42), which did not markedly alter after adjustment for confounders including stage (OR 0·87, 95% CI 0·56–1·34). No significant associations were detected for individual beta-blocker types, by defined daily doses of use or for all-cause mortality. Conclusions Contrary to some previous studies, beta-blocker use after malignant melanoma diagnosis was not associated with reduced risk of death from melanoma in this U.K. population-based study.
High Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease but Low Antiplatelet Treatment Rates in Elderly Primary Care Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Stefan Lange, Curt Diehm, Harald Darius, Roman Haberl, Jens Rainer Allenberg, David Pittrow, Alexander Schuster, Berndt von Stritzky, Gerhart Tepohl, Hans Joachim Trampisch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Although diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder, it is also a vascular disease (1). We aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), comorbidity of atherothrombotic manifestations, and antiplatelet treatment intensity among elderly diabetic patients in primary care, as previous studies usually investigated smaller and highly selected samples.

In this cross-sectional study, 344 general practitioners throughout Germany determined the ankle-brachial index (ABI) of 6,880 consecutive, unselected patients aged ≥65 years with bilateral Doppler ultrasound measurements (2). PAD was defined as ABI <0.9, or peripheral revascularization, or amputation because of PAD. Additionally, the World …
Unified budgets for primary care groups
Authors: A. Majeed, L. Malcolm
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In April 1999 major changes will start to take place in the organisation and delivery of health services in England. 1 2 For general practitioners, the most important changes will be the formation of primary care groups and the implementation of unified, cash limited budgets for health services.How will current methods of allocating NHS budgets in England change, and what can be learnt from experience in New Zealand and from total purchasing pilots?
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP): TH2-like, T-cell polarization induced by Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-11, early protein-6 (E6)
Authors: B. Hadjiev, J.A. DeVoti, D.W. Rosenthal, A. Vambutas, B.M. Steinberg, V.R. Bonagura
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Quantitative angiographic measurements of isolated left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis correlation with exercise echocardiography and technetium-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile single-photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Mariarosaria Arnese, Alessandro Salustri, Paolo M. Fioretti, Jan H. Cornel, Eric Boersma, Ambroos E.M. Reijs, Pim J. de Feyter, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Role of Nitric Oxide and Adenosine in Control of Coronary Blood Flow in Exercising Dogs
Authors: Johnathan D. Tune, Keith Neu Richmond, Mark W. Gorman, Eric O. Feigl
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis results in very little change in coronary blood flow, but this is thought to be because cardiac adenosine concentration increases to compensate for the loss of NO vasodilation. Accordingly, in the present study, adenosine measurements were made before and during NO synthesis inhibition during exercise.Experiments were performed in chronically instrumented dogs at rest and during graded treadmill exercise before and during inhibition of NO synthesis with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 35 mg/kg IV). Before inhibition of NO synthesis, myocardial oxygen consumption increased approximately 3.7-fold, and coronary blood flow increased approximately 3.2-fold from rest to the highest level of exercise, and this was not changed by NO synthesis inhibition. Coronary venous oxygen tension was modestly reduced by L-NNA at all levels of myocardial oxygen consumption. However, the slope of the relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary venous oxygen tension was not altered by L-NNA. Inhibition of NO synthesis did not increase coronary venous plasma or estimated interstitial adenosine concentration. During exercise, estimated interstitial adenosine remained well below the threshold concentration necessary for coronary vasodilation before or after L-NNA.NO causes a modest coronary vasodilation at rest and during exercise but does not act as a local metabolic vasodilator. Adenosine does not mediate a compensatory local metabolic coronary vasodilation when NO synthesis is inhibited.
Simultaneous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin blockade and front-loaded tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: Results from a randomized trial
Authors: E.Magnus Ohman, Neal S. Kleiman, Gerald Gacioch, Seth Worley, J.David Talley, Frank I. Navetta, H.Vernon Anderson, Doug Spriggs, Michael Miller, Mark Cohen, Dean Kerelakes, Barry S. George, Kristina N. Sigmon, Mitchell Krucoff, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
FLUID PHASE DESTRUCTION OF C2hu BY C1hu
Authors: Irma Gigli, K. Frank Austen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

The fluid phase inactivation of C2(hu) by C1(hu) is markedly enhanced by the presence of C4(hu). The enhancement is afforded by C1 inactivated C4(hu), namely C4i(hu), and requires the simultaneous presence of enzymatically active C1. Heterologous C4 of guinea pig origin protects C2(hu) from the inactivation by C1(hu). Thus, in both the fluid phase and on the cellular intermediate, C4(hu) is essential to the specific action of C1(hu) on C2(hu). It is possible that C4i alters C2 so as to present a more suitable substrate to the C1 enzyme or that C4i acts on the C1 to uncover a specificity for native C2.
Roger Charles Hickman
Authors: Alison Hickman, Sarah Keegan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pioneer of cervical screeningBetty Macgregor was the cytologist who made northeast Scotland the United Kingdom's first centre for systematic cervical screening.It was because of her published results that screening was taken up throughout the UK.She published important papers on many aspects of screening, including cervical cytology, the epidemiology of cervical cancer, improving the prognosis, cost effectiveness, cervical abnormalities in various subgroups of women, and the problems of false negative results.Her booklet Taking Uterine Cervical Smears (1982), published by the British Society of Clinical Cytology, sold 25 000 copies.Betty McPherson was born in Glasgow in 1920.When she was 7 her mother died from tuberculosis.Betty studied medicine at Glasgow University during the second world war, qualifying in 1943.She met Alastair Macgregor there, and they married a year later.She did her house jobs at Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Western General Hospital.During the next few years she raised their four children and worked part time in child welfare clinics.In 1958
Use of the case method to show the link between health and economic development in rural Malawi
Authors: Keri Wachter, Julie R Talbot, Rebecca L Weintraub
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundThe link between economic development and health is well established, but not necessarily straightforward. We explored the economic effect of investing in health-care infrastructure in Neno, Malawi. We documented findings in a teaching case that is one of the open-access Cases in Global Health Delivery on Harvard Business Publishing. The cases show value-based health-care delivery and improve students' understanding of strategy and management in health care.MethodsWe did background research on Malawi's history, health system, and economy. We interviewed 40 informants in Neno, including leaders of Abwenzi Pa Za Umoyo (APZU) and its founding organisation (Partners In Health), Ministry of Health administrators, hospital staff, villagers, and business owners. We reviewed quantitative data to assess indicators of development and documented changes in Neno's economy. We investigated the management decisions APZU made, while supporting the government in building a hospital and scaling up clinical and social programmes across Neno. We piloted the case in the Global Health Delivery intensive programme at Harvard.FindingsThe case discussion tested students' ability to assess synergies between APZU's work and the local economy, including population and employment growth, improved public infrastructure, improved patient outcomes, and increased government investment in the district. Students also assessed challenges related to the shifting political landscape in Malawi, APZU budget cuts, reduced staff morale, and the Malawian currency devaluation.InterpretationStudents gained a greater understanding of how investment in health-care infrastructure leads to economic development.FundingHarvard Medical School, Harvard Global Health Institute.
A lesson in prescribing
Authors: P. J West
Journal: BMJ (2003)

On a recent visit to KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, I took doxycycline capsules for malaria prophylaxis. For three weeks, while we were on holiday, all went well. We then moved on to Mseleni Mission Hospital, 60 km south of the Mozambique border on the east coast, where I had worked for 21 months before my general practitioner registrar year.

The night before I was due to begin five weeks' work there, I started feeling some discomfort in my throat. We arrived at Mseleni Mission Hospital at midday, and I went straight to the outpatients and casualty department before spending most of the night in labour ward and theatre. By morning I was feeling quite unwell with retrosternal chest pain, odynophagia, and mild dysphagia. I am …
Cases of Optic Nerve Atrophy of Obscure Origin.
Authors: C. Dunbar Roy
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Atlanta, Ga., Nov. 2,1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In two issues of theJournal, Dr. Würdeman gave an account of the Ophthalmic Section at the last meeting of theAmerican Medical Association. In that account in giving the (above) committees as appointed, he gave my address as 56½ Whitehall Street. The mistake has caused several of my letters to be missent. Please make the correction and put my name,
Cardiac Overexpression of a G <sub>q</sub> Inhibitor Blocks Induction of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase and c-Jun NH <sub>2</sub> -Terminal Kinase Activity in In Vivo Pressure Overload
Authors: Giovanni Esposito, Sathyamangla V. Naga Prasad, Antonio Rapacciuolo, Lan Mao, Walter J. Koch, Howard A. Rockman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Understanding the cellular signals that initiate cardiac hypertrophy is of critical importance in identifying the pathways that mediate heart failure. The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including the extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPKs, may play specific roles in myocardial growth and function. Methods and Results —To determine the mechanism of activation of MAPK pathways during the development of cardiac hypertrophy, we evaluated the induction of MAPK activity after aortic constriction in wild-type and in 2 types of cardiac gene-targeted mice: one overexpressing a carboxyl-terminal peptide of Gα q that inhibits G q -mediated signaling (TG GqI mouse) and another overexpressing a carboxyl-terminal peptide of β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 that inhibits Gβγ signaling (TG βARKct mouse). Wild-type mice with pressure overload showed an acute induction of JNK, followed by the induction of p38/p38β at 3 days and ERK at 7 days. Both JNK and p38 activity remained elevated at 7 days after banding. In TG GqI mice, hypertrophy was significantly attenuated, and induction of ERK and JNK activity was abolished, whereas the induction of p38 and p38β was robust, but delayed. By contrast, all 3 MAPK pathways were activated by aortic constriction in the TG βARKct hearts, suggesting a role for Gα q , but not Gβγ. Conclusions —Taken together, these data show that the induction of ERK and JNK activity in in vivo pressure-overload hypertrophy is mediated through the stimulation of G q -coupled receptors and that non–G q -mediated pathways are recruited to activate p38 and p38β.
Simulation of Abnormal Pulmonary Thallium-201 Activity Following Mastectomy
Authors: YITZCHAK HERMONI, MYRON C. GERSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Increased uptake of activity in one lung field was found on postexercise Tl-201 images in a woman who had undergone a previous mastectomy on that side. This was probably related to a partial loss of normal tissue attenuation following surgery, resulting in a simulation of abnormal pulmonary activity.
Severity of Underlying Disease as a Predictor of Nosocomial Infection
Authors: Michael R. Britt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In a prospective study, we determined that severity of underlying disease at time of admission indicates medical patients at unusual risk of nosocomial infection. The nosocomial infection rate was 23.6% in patients with fatal underlying disease, 9.6% in those with ultimately fatal disease, and 2.1% in those with nonfatal disease. After an awareness program that promoted the use of established methods for prevention of nosocomial infections was established, there was a decline of overall incidence of endemic nosocomial infections from 9.2% to 4.8% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) within an eight-month period. With subsequent discontinuation of the program, the infection rate rose to 8.1%. Reinstitution of the program resulted in a decline to 5.2% (<i>P</i>=.05). (<i>JAMA</i>239:1047-1051, 1978)
Blood pressure follow up with nurse practitioner assessment and microprocessor based data retrieval
Authors: M. Drury
Journal: BMJ (1984)

may represent an absence of vascular response to ketanserin at the latter site but could be due to technical problems of using this method to assess circulation in sclerodermatous skin.The results of ketanserin treatment for ulceration in scleroderma appear to be less favourable than the results in treating Raynaud's pheno-
Angiogenesis Therapy Moves beyond Cancer
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Current Clinical Issues20 July 2004Angiogenesis Therapy Moves beyond CancerJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-2-200407200-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Doctors in different subspecialties, have, over the years, learned that people with Down syndrome have unsurpassed protection against certain diseases. Cancer is almost unheard of among people with this syndrome, according to oncologists. Noncongenital heart problems rarely afflict this population, according to cardiologists. And diabetic retinopathy never develops among people with both Down syndrome and diabetes, according to endocrinologists. But, until recently, most doctors only knew that Down syndrome provided protection; they did not know why.They knew that people with Down syndrome had 3 copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), but no one made the link between the extra ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.E-mail:[email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByImmune Surveillance in Health and Diseases of Aging: Definitions of Acute and Chronic Inflammation [Yin and Yang]Complete remission of psoriasis following bevacizumab therapy for colon cancerTargeting tumor vascular endothelium: an emerging concept for cancer therapyRole of VEGF in maintaining renal structure and function under normotensive and hypertensive conditionsMethylnaltrexone inhibits opiate and VEGF-induced angiogenesis: Role of receptor transactivationAngiogenesis as a Novel Component of Inflammatory Bowel Disease PathogenesisAngiogénesis en la psoriasisFacts and Ideas from Anywhere 20 July 2004Volume 141, Issue 2Page: 165-168KeywordsAngiogenesisBlood vesselsCardiovascular therapyDown syndromeDrugsEye diseasesGrowth factorsMacular degenerationProteinsVascular endothelial growth factor ePublished: 20 July 2004 Issue Published: 20 July 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Linear IgA disease in association with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: N. Usmani, K.F. Baxter, J.A. Child, R. Sheehan-Dare
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, We report a 69‐year‐old woman with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) who presented with an annular erythematous eruption in the left axilla and subsequently with bullae on the hands and feet. Two months prior to this she had received treatment with chlorambucil and allopurinol for her CLL. She had no other concurrent medical problems and was not on any medication. There was no personal or family history of skin conditions or atopy. On examination, there were large areas of urticated annular erythema in the axillae and over the trunk. There were subepidermal bullae on the hands and larger tense bullae on the feet. The mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes were not involved. Her CLL was being monitored by the haematologists and no clinically detectable lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly were identified. The blood film was compatible with CLL, with an extensive lymphoid infiltrate of B lymphocytes on bone marrow aspirate. A diagnostic skin biopsy showed subepidermal bullae containing numerous neutrophils and occasional eosinophils. Direct immunofluorescence showed the classic pattern of linear IgA deposits along the basement membrane, and the patient was diagnosed as having linear IgA disease (LAD).
Abstract 12473: Impaired Baseline Coronary Microcirculatory Reserve Predicts Peri-percutaneous Coronary Intervention Myocardial Necrosis.
Authors: Andy Yong, Michael Ho, Maulik Shah, Leonard Kritharides, William F Fearon, Martin K Ng
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Cardiac enzyme elevation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a marker of myocardial necrosis and portends poor outcome. However, there is currently no clinically applicabl...
The New Official Register of Physicians.
Authors: John H. Rauch
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you have the kindness to notice in your columns for the benefit of your numerous subscribers in Illinois, that this State Board of Health has in preparation a new Official Register of Physicians and Midwives, and suggest that those who have changed their place of residence or removed to other towns since February, 1886, should notify the Secretary at Springfield of such change of address without delay. Secretary Illinois State Board of Health. Springfield, Ill., Sept. 30, 1889.
Opioids for persistent non-cancer pain
Authors: Eija Kalso
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A team approach and individualisation of treatment are needed 

E pidemiological studies from Australia and Denmark indicate that about 19% of the population is afflicted by chronic pain that is not caused by cancer.1 2 The prevalence of chronic pain that interferes with daily activities is 12.6%.1 In most Western countries, opioids are established in treating pain due to cancer, and they are increasingly used to manage chronic pain not due to cancer. Opioids are effective analgesics, but they also have a strong reinforcing potential—fear of addiction and diversion restrict their medicinal use. Good clinical trials, guidelines, and responsible prescription are needed to ensure the availability of opioids for those patients who may benefit.3 4

A recent systematic review included 11 randomised and controlled trials on oral opioids in non-cancer pain.5 The review showed that opioids provided pain relief for both neuropathic (postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy) and musculoskeletal pain (osteoarthritis). Large differences between individuals in the response to …
Decoding cell death signals in liver inflammation
Authors: Catherine Brenner, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Oliver Kepp, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Inflammation can be either beneficial or detrimental to the liver, depending on multiple factors. Mild (i.e., limited in intensity and destined to resolve) inflammatory responses have indeed been shown to exert consistent hepatoprotective effects, contributing to tissue repair and promoting the re-establishment of homeostasis. Conversely, excessive (i.e., disproportionate in intensity and permanent) inflammation may induce a massive loss of hepatocytes and hence exacerbate the severity of various hepatic conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, systemic metabolic alterations (e.g., obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disorders), alcoholic hepatitis, intoxication by xenobiotics and infection, de facto being associated with irreversible liver damage, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Both liver-resident cells (e.g., Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, sinusoidal endothelial cells) and cells that are recruited in response to injury (e.g., monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) emit pro-inflammatory signals including – but not limited to – cytokines, chemokines, lipid messengers, and reactive oxygen species that contribute to the apoptotic or necrotic demise of hepatocytes. In turn, dying hepatocytes release damage-associated molecular patterns that-upon binding to evolutionary conserved pattern recognition receptors-activate cells of the innate immune system to further stimulate inflammatory responses, hence establishing a highly hepatotoxic feedforward cycle of inflammation and cell death. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic inflammation at the cellular level, that is, the initiation of a massive cell death response among hepatocytes.