tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NIH Director Named
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biomarkers for Mortality and Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Wolfgang Koenig
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effectiveness of lipid lowering drugs in general practice: Study had two major flaws
Authors: B. M Y Cheung
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Outcomes of screening to prevent cancer Think of screening as insuranceEditor-Raffle et al provide interesting new data on the outcome of cervical screening. 1 It is particularly useful to be able to tell women that over 20 years of five yearly screening, around 16% will have an abnormal smear test result, 8% will have a biopsy, and 4% will be treated for high grade disease.The authors also estimate the number of cancers and deaths that might be prevented over 30 years in such a cohort.How they obtained their estimates is unclear, but numbers are surprisingly low.When estimating the number of premature deaths avoided in screened women, they apply the factor 60%, obtained from a population in which approximately one in five eligible women are not screened regularly.In screened women the figure should be closer to 75%, which is more in keeping with the results from case-control studies. 2 3 Fitting an age cohort model to mortality data from England and Wales for 1950-87 and extrapolating to 2011, we estimate the cumulative number of deaths in an unscreened cohort to be some 50% greater than do Raffle et al.Assuming that 75% of the deaths after 1996 would be prevented in a screened cohort, the number of premature deaths avoided is 2.4 times greater than in the paper.Over the next 30 years, the effect of screening in women born in the early 1960s will be much greater-some 2% of those screened will be prevented from developing cervical cancer.Describing the benefits of screening in terms of the number needed to be screened to prevent one death equates screening with treatment.Screening is not treatment.It is perhaps better to think of it as insurance.The issue is not how many need to be insured for one person to avoid bankruptcy.It is not even simply a question of whether the cost of an insurance premium is more or less than the expected pay out (it will always be more).Insurance is put in place to avoid catastrophic consequences of an unlikely event.Women need to be aware of the common negative consequences of regular screening, but they should perhaps think of it as a costly and imperfect insurance policy that may save them from the horrors of invasive cervical cancer.
757 Biliary obstruction impairs red cell oxidative capacity
Authors: I SAYED, I KADY, G BADRA, I WAKED
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

At 19 weeks' gestation, two cystic structures were first identified in the abdomen of a fetus. A repeat ultrasonography at 34 weeks confirmed a definite cyst communicating with the liver. The baby was born at 39 weeks, and serum direct bilirubin started to rise to 4.1 mg/dL. An operative cholangiogram at 23 days of life showed a cystically dilated choledochus with distal atresia and a relatively smooth yet hypoplastic intrahepatic biliary tree. Complete obliteration of the cystic duct was also noted. After excision of the cystic common bile duct, hepatico-jejunal anastomosis was performed, and the patient did well for 8 months postoperatively. Liver biopsy showed proliferation of the bile ductules, but no interlobular bile ducts were observed in any portal triad. A diagnosis of biliary atresia was established. Including the present case, five cases of antenatally diagnosed biliary atresia have been reported. All of them had type I cyst, and antenatal diagnosis was made at 19 to 32 weeks' gestation. Differential diagnosis between biliary atresia of type I cyst and choledochal cyst with complete distal obstruction has been a matter of discussion, and recognition of the entity of antenatally diagnosed biliary atresia is of significant importance from an etiological point of view.
Accentuated negative inotropism of verapamil after ischaemic intervention in isolated working rat heart
Authors: T. KONISHI, Y. NAKAMURA, T. KONISHI, C. KAWAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

We examined the effects of a clinically relevant concentration (2 X 10(-7) mol . litre-1) of verapamil on the cardiac functions of isolated working rat hearts during global ischaemia (15 min) and reperfusion (30 min). The aorta and the left atrium of each heart of male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated for perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit solution, and a soft elastic catheter was introduced into the left ventricle through the left atrial cannula. Verapamil slightly increased the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and slightly decreased the left ventricular dP/dt, but did not reduce the left ventricular peak systolic pressure before ischaemia. During the early phase of ischaemia and reperfusion, verapamil (n = 6) lowered the left ventricular peak systolic pressure and the left ventricular dP/dt in comparison with the controls (n = 6) (left ventricular peak systolic pressure 45.4 +/- 16.9 versus 60.9 +/- 15.2 mmHg: p less than 0.05; left ventricular dP/dt 1256 +/- 484 versus 2108 +/- 829 mmHg . s-1: p less than 0.05, after 30 min of reperfusion). Fifteen min of ischaemia resulted in no increase in the creatine kinase release during reperfusion. The creatine kinase release was not different in the two groups during the experiment. Thus, the negative inotropic effect of verapamil was accentuated by the ischaemic intervention. Myocardial protection may be achieved by reducing the left ventricular peak systolic pressure and thereby the oxygen consumption. On the other hand, in clinical application to patients with extensive myocardial ischaemia, verapamil may cause untoward deterioration in cardiac functions.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION: A REPORT OF SIX FATALITIES
Authors: N. S. Plummer
Journal: BMJ (1936)

JOURNALbeing " sore " for three days, but the old headaches did not recur.She was discharged in two weeks, feeling very well and with no sign of tumour or pulsation.Summary 1.The aetiology of cirsoid aneurysm of the scalp does not appear to have been definitely settled.2. A theory attractive to the practical surgeon is. that cirsoid aneurysm, racemose aneurysm, the aneurysm of anastomosis, and the pulsating angioma are due, as is arterio-venous aneurysm, to an abnormal communication between the arterial and venous systems, and that such communication may be either developmental or traumatic in origin.3.Even large cirsoid aneurysms of the scalp may be extirpated by a method which depends for its success on the easy stripping of thrombosed and oedematous tissue,
Pure sensory neuropathy in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome: clinical, immunological, and electromyographic findings.
Authors: J Font, J Valls, R Cervera, A Pou, M Ingelmo, F Graus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A pure sensory neuropathy caused by lymphocytic infiltration of the dorsal root ganglia has been reported in a few patients with Sjögren's syndrome. The clinical, immunological, and electromyographic findings of five patients with this type of neuropathy and primary Sjögren's syndrome were reviewed. Typical clinical indications were the presence of a chronic asymmetrical sensory deficit, initial disease in the hands with a predominant loss of the vibratory and joint position senses, and an association with Adie's pupil syndrome or trigeminal sensory neuropathy. The simultaneous impairment of the central and peripheral evoked cortical potentials suggested that there was a lesion of the neuronal cell body. The neuropathy preceded the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome in four patients. Four patients were positive for Ro antibodies, but systemic vasculitis or malignancy was not found after a mean follow up of six years. These findings indicate that in patients with a sensory neuropathy the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome has to be considered, even if the patient denies the presence of sicca symptoms, and that appropriate tests must be carried out.
THE TOO INTENSIVE ARSPHENAMIN TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: M. L. HEIDINGSFELD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Syphilis therapy, in spite of its remarkable present day attainments, remains, as ever, a greatly mooted problem. There is much variance in opinion in regard to what agents and methods best subserve their purpose. The modern arsphenamin remedies of par excellence, and the remarkable laboratory achievements in therapeutic precision and control, have been able to secure scarcely more unanimity of opinion in this special field of therapy than the less efficient remedies and the uncertain methods of the past.  Seven years of general experience with arsphenamin has been ample to accord to this remedy its well recognized preeminence as the most efficient of all antisyphilitic remedies. Nothing has yet been advanced, however, to clearly, definitely and decisively demonstrate that any one given method of systematic treatment answers its purpose best.  Arsphenamin therapists can be conveniently divided into two factions: (1) those who believe in intensive, frequently repeated, almost to the
Human Pregnane X Receptor and Resistance to Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yakun Chen, Yong Tang, Man-Tzu Wang, Su Zeng, Daotai Nie
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy is a significant barrier to the effective management of prostate cancer. Human pregnane X receptor (hPXR), an orphan nuclear receptor known for its activation by many important clinical drugs, interacts with many cellular signaling pathways during carcinogenesis and is a major transcription factor regulating the expression of drug metabolism enzymes, including transporters. It is unknown whether hPXR is a determinant of drug resistance in prostate cancer. In this study, we first detected the expression of hPXR in both normal and cancerous prostate tissues. Pretreatment with SR12813, a potent and selective agonist of hPXR, led to nuclear translocation of PXR in PC-3 cells and increased expression of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1). SR12813 pretreatment increased resistance of PC-3 cells to Taxol and vinblastine, as assessed by viability and clonogenic survival. To further study the role of hPXR in prostate cancer drug resistance, hPXR expression was knocked down using PXR-targeting short hairpin RNAs. The activities of hPXR toward the promoter of CYP3A4 in hPXR-ablated clones decreased when compared with that of wild-type PC-3 cells. Their sensitivities to Taxol and vinblastine were enhanced by hPXR ablation. Our data here suggest that hPXR may play an important role in prostate cancer resistance to chemotherapeutics. [Cancer Res 2007;67(21):10361–7]
Role of BRAFV600E in the First Preclinical Model of Multifocal Infiltrating Myopericytoma Development and Microenvironment
Authors: Peter M. Sadow, Carmen Priolo, Simona Nanni, Florian A. Karreth, Mark Duquette, Roberta Martinelli, Amjad Husain, John Clohessy, Heinz Kutzner, Thomas Mentzel, Christopher V. Carman, Antonella Farsetti, Elizabeth Petri Henske, Emanuele Palescandolo, Laura E. Macconaill, Seum Chung, Guido Fadda, Celestino Pio Lombardi, Antonina M. De Angelis, Oreste Durante, John A. Parker, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Harold F. Dvorak, Christopher Fletcher, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Jack Lawler, Carmelo Nucera
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Myopericytoma (MPC) is a rare tumor with perivascular proliferation of pluripotent stem-cell–like pericytes. Although indolent, MPC may be locally aggressive with recurrent disease. The pathogenesis and diagnostic biomarkers of MPC are poorly understood. We discovered that 15% of benign MPCs (thyroid, skin; 3 of 20 samples) harbored BRAFWT/V600E; 33.3% (1 of 3 samples) of BRAFWT/V600E-MPCs were multifocal/infiltrative/recurrent. Patient-MPC and primary MPC cells harbored BRAFWT/V600E, were clonal and expressed pericytic-differentiation biomarkers crucial for its microenvironment. BRAFWT/V600E-positive thyroid MPC primary cells triggered in vitro (8.8-fold increase) and in vivo (3.6-fold increase) angiogenesis. Anti-BRAFV600E therapy with vemurafenib disrupted angiogenic and metabolic properties (~3-fold decrease) with down-regulation (~2.2-fold decrease) of some extracellular-matrix (ECM) factors and ECM-associated long non-coding RNA (LincRNA) expression, with no effects in BRAFWT-pericytes. Vemurafenib also inhibited (~3-fold decrease) cell viability in vitro and in BRAFWT/V600E-positive thyroid MPC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice (n = 5 mice per group). We established the first BRAFWT/V600E-dependent thyroid MPC cell culture. Our findings identify BRAFWT/V600E as a novel genetic aberration in MPC pathogenesis and MPC-associated biomarkers and imply that anti-BRAFV600E agents may be useful adjuvant therapy in BRAFWT/V600E-MPC patients. Patients with BRAFWT/V600E-MPC should be closely followed because of the risk for multifocality/recurrence.
Purification of a 20 kD allergen from <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>
Authors: H. Samuelsen, Å. Karlsson‐Borgä, B. S. Paulsen, J. K. Wold, W. Rolfsen
Journal: Allergy (1991)

Sera from patients sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus (A.f.) were screened for specific IgE using sodiumdodecylsulphate‐gradient‐polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis (SDSgPAGE) followed by immunoblotting to nitrocellulose. Approximately 25 IgE‐binding components were detected. The components of molecular weight 20, 31, 44, 50. 53, 77 and 90 kD were reacting with more than 50% of the patients. The 90, 77 and 20‐KD components showed up as the strongest IgE‐binding bands. The 20‐KD component, called Ag 20 KD, was purified and further characterized. Ag 20 kD was purified to apparent homogeneity. Using a combination of size‐exclusion chromatography on a Sephacryl S‐200 column, preparative isoelectric focusing in a pI 2.5–6.5 gradient, and a Sephadex G‐50 Superfine column. Fractions were characterized with protein and carbohydrate analyses, RAST and SDSgPAGE followed by immunoblotting to nitrocellulose. Ag 20 kD was found to be a glycoprotein as it stained with both Coomassie Brilliant Blue and PAS. However, it did not bind Con A, and thus, did probably not contain any terminal α‐D mannopyranosyl and glucose was found to be 2:1:0.5. The isoelectric point was heterogeneous within pH range 5–6, and the molecular weight was estimated to approximately 20 kD. An increased RAST response was shown for the purified component compared with crude extract using patient sera reacting with Ag 20. The antigen was shown not to be identical with the previously described Ag 3. Neither did it fit the description of Ag 5, 7 or 13 earlier described by the same group. The antigen is going to be used for further immunochemical and clinical investigations, and coupling to other systems for antigen characterization.
Superantigen-reactive CD4+ T cells are required to stimulate B cells after infection with mouse mammary tumor virus.
Authors: W Held, A N Shakhov, S Izui, G A Waanders, L Scarpellino, H R MacDonald, H Acha-Orbea
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Superantigens are defined by their ability to stimulate a large fraction of T cells via interaction with the T cell receptor (TCR) V beta domain. Endogenous superantigens, classically termed minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) antigens, were recently identified as products of open reading frames (ORF) in integrated proviral copies of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). We have described an infectious MMTV homologue of the classical endogenous superantigen Mls-1a (Mtv-7). The ORF molecules of both the endogenous Mtv-7 and the infectious MMTV(SW) interact with T cells expressing the TCR V beta 6, 7, 8.1, and 9 domains. Furthermore, the COOH termini of their ORF molecules, thought to confer TCR specificity, are very similar. Since successful transport of MMTV from the site of infection in the gut to the mammary gland depends on a functional immune system, we were interested in determining the early events after and requirements for MMTV infection. We show that MMTV(SW) infection induces a massive response of V beta 6+ CDC4+ T cells, which interact with the viral ORF. Concomitantly, we observed a B cell response and differentiation that depends on both the presence and stimulation of the superantigen-reactive T cells. Furthermore, we show that B cells are the main target of the initial MMTV infection as judged by the presence of the reverse-transcribed viral genome and ORF transcripts. Thus, we suggest that MMTV infection of B cells leads to ORF-mediated B-T cell interaction, which maintains and possibly amplifies viral infection.
Fat Embolization After Total Knee Replacement
Authors: T. H. Mallory
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  Fat and other bone marrow elements have been found in the postmortem examination of the lungs of patients who have died after the insertion of bone cement into the femoral and medullary canals following total hip replacement. Experimental and clinical data have associated the phenomenon of fat embolus with hip surgery. 1-4   Recently, Bisla et al reported the occurrence of the fat embolus syndrome after bilateral total knee replacements with the Guepar prosthesis. 5 To this case report we would like to add a similar incident involving a 50-year-old woman who had known rheumatoid arthritis with serious functional incapacitation caused by severe knee involvement. Bilateral total knee replacements were performed under the same anesthesia.  After returning to the recovery room, the patient did not regain consciousness but became hypotensive, and tachypnea developed. Blood gas determinations disclosed a depressed Po 2 , and massive petechia developed over the chest
Intravenously Administered Chlorothiazide For Aldosteronism
Authors: Carl H. Braren
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I welcomed the studies done by Schacht and Frame (<b>201</b>:323, 1967) for I also administered 500 mg of chlorothiazide intravenously to a patient later proven to have primary aldosteronism. Because the serum potassium value was only 1.7 mEq/liter, the study was done with constant cardiac monitoring. No complications of hypokalemia were observed. The results are shown in the Table. The rate of urinary potassium clearance rose to a high of 108 ml/min during the first hour after the intravenous administration of chlorothiazide, which was not as high as Schacht and Frame's patient with a value of 294 ml/min (during the second half hour). Our level was not much in excess of their highest value for 12 normal subjects (87 ml/min) or their value for essential hypertensive patients (85 ml/min). But I included the first 30 minutes after the dose when clearance rates are lower than the
Early Detection of Bowel Cancer at an Urban Public Hospital: Demonstration Project
Authors: A. Hoffman, Q. Young, P. Bright-Asare, H. Abcarian, J. Fitzpatrick, E. Lidow, M. Farber, J. Summerville, C. Petani, C. Orsay, D. Zai, R. Shansky
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1983)
Pulmonary Edema Develops after Recurrent Obstructive Apneas
Authors: EUGENE C. FLETCHER, MARY PROCTOR, JERRY YU, JUFANG ZHANG, JUAN J. GUARDIOLA, CARLTON HORNUNG, GANG BAO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

There are anecdotal reports of pulmonary edema after a night of recurrent obstructive apneas (OAs) in humans, but no data on lung water, gas exchange, filling pressure, or cardiac output (Q˙) exist in these patients. By clamping the endotracheal tube of eight intubated, anesthesized dogs, we created repetitive OAs of 45-s duration at 30-s intervals, for 8 h. Five additional dogs without apneas, but identically instrumented, were studied simultaneously, serving as nonapneic controls. Sa O2 was measured by intraarterial catheter, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (Pcw), continuous cardiac output (Q˙), and mixed venous oxygen saturation (Sv O2 ) were measured by flotation catheter. Basal and hourly hemodynamics and blood gases (arterial and venous) under steady state respiration were measured. Venous admixture (Q˙ s/Q˙ t) was calculated by standard equations. PaO2 from the beginning to the end of the experiment fell from 89.6 to 82.8 mm Hg in apneic animals and from 92.2 to 85.5 mm Hg in controls. The Q˙ s/Q˙ t increased in both groups but more so in the apnea group (3.3 to 19.4%) than in nonapneic controls (3.1 to 7.9%). Neither Q˙ nor Pcw changed significantly in either group. Lung wet/dry weight was 5.40 ± 0.93 in apneic animals and 5.00 ± 0.67 in controls. Light microscopy showed gross alveolar fluid in three apneic dogs, and electron microscopy showed interstitial fluid in two additional apneic dogs. One of the lung edema dogs expired of acute heart failure in the seventh hour of the experiment. Worsening of gas exchange and histology suggest that lung edema can result from recurrent OAs. Fletcher EC, Proctor M, Yu J, Zhang J, Guardiola JJ, Hornung C, Bao G. Pulmonary edema develops after recurrent obstructive apneas.