tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Positron Emission Tomography in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Prediction of Response to Chemotherapy by Quantitative Assessment of Glucose Use
Authors: Wolfgang A. Weber, Volker Petersen, Burkhard Schmidt, Leishia Tyndale-Hines, Thomas Link, Christian Peschel, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the use of positron emission tomography with the glucose analog fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) to predict response to chemotherapy in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC scheduled to undergo platinum-based chemotherapy were eligible for this study. Patients were studied by FDG-PET before and after the first cycle of therapy. Based on previous studies, a reduction of tumor FDG uptake by more than 20% as assessed by standardized uptake values (SUV) was used as a criterion for a metabolic response. Furthermore, changes in tumor SUVs were compared with changes in FDG net-influx constants (Ki) and tumor/muscle ratios (t/m). Results: Fifty-seven patients were included in the study. There was a close correlation between metabolic response and best response to therapy according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (P &lt; .0001; sensitivity and specificity for prediction of best response, 95% and 74%, respectively). Median time to progression and overall survival were significantly longer for metabolic responders than for metabolic nonresponders (163 v 54 days and 252 days v 151 days, respectively). Similar results were obtained when Ki was used to assess tumor glucose use, whereas changes in t/m showed considerable overlap between responding and nonresponding tumors. Conclusion: In NSCLC, reduction of metabolic activity after one cycle of chemotherapy is closely correlated with final outcome of therapy. Using metabolic response as an end point may shorten the duration of phase II studies evaluating new cytotoxic drugs and may decrease the morbidity and costs of therapy in nonresponding patients.
Robert Clive Williams
Authors: Douglas Ackroyd
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pioneer of cervical screeningBetty Macgregor was the cytologist who made northeast Scotland the United Kingdom's first centre for systematic cervical screening.It was because of her published results that screening was taken up throughout the UK.She published important papers on many aspects of screening, including cervical cytology, the epidemiology of cervical cancer, improving the prognosis, cost effectiveness, cervical abnormalities in various subgroups of women, and the problems of false negative results.Her booklet Taking Uterine Cervical Smears (1982), published by the British Society of Clinical Cytology, sold 25 000 copies.Betty McPherson was born in Glasgow in 1920.When she was 7 her mother died from tuberculosis.Betty studied medicine at Glasgow University during the second world war, qualifying in 1943.She met Alastair Macgregor there, and they married a year later.She did her house jobs at Glasgow Royal Infirmary and Western General Hospital.During the next few years she raised their four children and worked part time in child welfare clinics.In 1958
Postmenopausal Hormone Use and Risk for Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma
Authors: F Grodstein, M E Martinez, E A Platz, E Giovannucci, G A Colditz, M Kautzky, C Fuchs, M J Stampfer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that postmenopausal hormone use may decrease the risk for colorectal cancer. Objective: To examine the relation of postmenopausal hormone therapy to colorectal adenoma and cancer. Design: Prospective cohort and nested case–control studies. Setting: Nurses' Health Study, a study of registered nurses recruited from 11 U.S. states. Participants: 59 002 postmenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study. Measurements: Self-reported data on hormone use and cases of distal colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer obtained from biennial questionnaires completed from 1980 to 1994. Cases of colorectal adenoma and cancer were confirmed by medical record review. Results: 470 women developed colorectal cancer, and 838 developed distal colorectal adenomas. Current use of postmenopausal hormones was associated with a decreased risk for colorectal cancer (relative risk [RR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.50 to 0.83]). This association was attenuated in past users (RR, 0.84 [CI, 0.67 to 1.05]) and disappeared 5 years after hormone use was discontinued (RR, 0.92 [CI, 0.70 to 1.21]). Longer duration of current use did not afford greater protection (RR with ≥ 5 years of use, 0.72 [CI, 0.53 to 0.96]). Even after exclusion of women who reported having screening sigmoidoscopy, the relative risk for colorectal cancer seen with current hormone use was 0.64 (CI, 0.49 to 0.82). This suggests that the apparent protection is unlikely to be due to more intensive screening among hormone users. Current users also had a lower risk for large (≥ 1 cm) adenomas than did women who had never used hormones (RR, 0.74 [CI, 0.55 to 0.99]), although no overall material association was seen between colorectal adenoma and current hormone use (RR, 0.91 [CI, 0.77 to 1.08]). Conclusions: The risk for colorectal cancer was decreased among women currently receiving postmenopausal hormone therapy, but the apparent reduction substantially diminished upon cessation of therapy. Hormone use was inversely associated with large colorectal adenomas but not small ones.
Post-Nasal Hypertrophy.
Authors: Edward J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Minneapolis, Minn., Sept. 20, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to acknowledge through theJournal. my appreciation of the article entitled, " Post-Nasal Hypertrophy in Its Relation to Hay Fever and Other Diseases," by W. H. Weaver, M.D., of Chicago, Feb. 9, 1895. In my estimation this article contains the most valuable contribution to the treatment of all those forms of nasal disease characterized or accompanied by intumescence, which has been given to the profession in the past ten years. Dr. Weaver recommends that the posterior (nearly always enlarged) extremities of the lower turbinates be snared, or with a bent probe cauterized with chromic acid, in order to destroy the sensitive terminals of the nerve supply to "Mackenzie's sensitive area," including the posterior ends of the lower turbinates and the surface of the septum opposite. Of course we have all snared the posterior growths when we could engage them in our
A Clinical Lecture on Halsted's Operation for Removal of Cancer of the Breast: Delivered at St. Bartholomew's Hospital
Authors: H. T. Butlin
Journal: BMJ (1898)

EARLIER RESULTS.IN the last lecture I gave an account of the results of my .oqperationsfor cancer,of the breast in public and in private practice from the year i88o to i8oA, inclusive.The total number -of cases in which I performed the first operation was i i6
Perisinusoidal B Cells in the Bone Marrow Participate in T-Independent Responses to Blood-Borne Microbes
Authors: Annaiah Cariappa, Irina B. Mazo, Catharine Chase, Hai Ning Shi, Haoyuan Liu, Qian Li, Harris Rose, Harry Leung, Bobby J. Cherayil, Paul Russell, Ulrich von Andrian, Shiv Pillai
Journal: Immunity (2005)
Complementary Individual and Group Analytic Training for Future Psychotherapists
Authors: Raymond Battegay
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Whereas individual training analysis offers the candidate the possibility of thoroughly working through unconscious tendencies, desires, and anxieties that come to the foreground, a dyadic setting group analysis permits one to observe and to analyze all the many narcissistic, power, and rivalry problems that are activated in a group setting, and to undergo a social learning process. The author describes the value of training for the (later) activity as individual or especially as group analyst. This training includes participation in an analytic self-experience group (psychodynamic group process), supervision by an experienced group analyst of the work done in an analytic group, and comoderating of an analytic group by two psychotherapists.
Epidemiology of Lead Poisoning
Authors: Carol J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Blood lead levels of 230 rural and 272 urban children were compared. Their mean age was 4 years. The mean blood lead level of the rural group was markedly lower than that of the urban group (22.8μg compared to 32.7 μg/100 ml). Nine percent of the rural children had laboratory evidence of "undue lead absorption" (blood lead level ≥ 40μg/100 ml), compared to 23% of the urban children. None of the demographic variables examined for the rural children could be related to the presence of blood lead levels greater than or equal to 40μg/100 ml. Testing of rural homes identified both interior and exterior paint as important sources of ingestible lead. Thus, lead poisoning could occur in rural areas and should be included in differential diagnosis of appropriate cases. Among urban children, lead in paint as well as airborne lead through contamination of soil may contribute to the increased body burden of lead.
Characterization of the macrophage receptro for complement and demonstration of its functional independence from the receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G.
Authors: F M Griffin, C Bianco, S C Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The complement receptor of the macrophage membrane recognizes particle-bound C3b but does not recognize particle-bound C3d. C3-b-coated sheep erythrocytes were bound to macrophages via their C3b receptors, and the preparations were then incubated with either latex particles or opsonized pneumococci (test particles). Macrophages ingested the test particles, but erythrocytes were not ingested; they remained bound to C3b receptors of the macrophage plasma membrane. Thus, a signal initiating ingestion via one type of receptor is not transmitted to all receptors which have the potential to mediate phagocytosis.
How Renoir coped with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A. Boonen, J. van de Rest, J. Dequeker, S. van der Linden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Out of doom and misery, the most beautiful song may rise 1

Few people know that Pierre-Auguste Renoir, who lived from 1841 to 1919, suffered from severe rheumatoid arthritis for the last 25 years of his life. At the 13th European congress of rheumatology in Amsterdam in 1995 Mr Paul Renoir, the artist's 70 year old grandson, revealed several previously unpublished aspects of his grandfather's disease.

There is little doubt that Renoir suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, but there is still some discussion about the precise year the arthritis started.2 It must have been around 1892, when Renoir was about 50 and in the prime of life. He was married to Aline Charigot, and two of his three sons had already been born. He was recognised as an established painter, having had exhibitions not only in Paris and other places in France but also in Brussels, London, Boston, and New York.

He was active and hardworking, painting and making study tours to Algiers, Italy, Germany, and Spain. His friends included the painters Manet, Sisley, and Cezanne and the writers Zola and de Montpassant.

Although no medical records remain, it is possible, thanks to photographs, his personal letters, and biographical notes by people who knew him well to get a reasonable idea about the course of his disease. The arthritis started around the age of 50, took on an aggressive form from 1903 onwards, when he was about 60, and made him quite handicapped from the age of 70 for the last seven years of his life.

In a photograph of 1896, when he was 55, the swelling of the metacarpophalangeal joints can be clearly seen (fig 1). Five years later, in 1901, when he was 60, he could still use his hands fully as witnessed in the way he holds …
Mild ichthyosis in a 4-year-old boy with multiple sulphatase deficiency
Authors: A. Loffeld, R.G.F. Gray, S.H. Green, H.P. Roper, C. Moss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary We report a 4‐year‐old boy with multiple sulphatase deficiency (MSD). His early health was good. By the end of his first year there were concerns about developmental delay but by 26 months he showed clear evidence of regression in that he was barely able to sit unsupported and had lost all fine motor and communication skills. At that time he also had widespread mild ichthyosis that cleared completely with the use of emollients. The neurological deterioration suggested a diagnosis of metachromatic leucodystrophy, and a reduction in the leucocyte arylsulphatase A activity was detected. The ichthyosis suggested steroid sulphatase deficiency, and a reduction in the leucocyte steroid sulphatase activity was detected. The enzyme deficiency was much less marked for steroid sulphatase than for arylsulphatase A in this boy. This diversity in enzyme activities is typical of MSD and correlates with the mild ichthyosis in this child. This case shows that even mild ichthyosis should prompt measurement of steroid sulphatase activity in a child of either sex with unexplained neurological deterioration.
Carotid atherosclerosis and chronic hepatitis C: A prospective study of risk associations
Authors: Salvatore Petta, Daniele Torres, Giovanni Fazio, Calogero Cammà, Daniela Cabibi, Vito Di Marco, Anna Licata, Giulio Marchesini, Alessandra Mazzola, Gaspare Parrinello, Salvatore Novo, Giuseppe Licata, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

There are contrasting results in studies of cardiovascular risk in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (G1 CHC). We evaluated the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis compared with a control population in order to assess the potential association between atherosclerosis, host and viral factors, and liver histological features. In all, 174 consecutive biopsy-proven G1 CHC patients were evaluated by anthropometric and metabolic measurements and 174 patients attending an outpatient cardiology unit were used as controls. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques, defined as focal thickening of >1.3 mm at the level of common carotid, were evaluated using ultrasonography. All G1 CHC biopsies were scored by one pathologist for staging and grading, and graded for steatosis. Carotid plaques were found in 73 (41.9%) G1 CHC patients compared with 40 (22.9%) control patients (P < 0.001). Similarly, G1 CHC patients had a greater IMT compared with control patients (1.04 ± 0.21 versus 0.90 ± 0.16; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.047, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.014-1.082, P = 0.005), and severe hepatic fibrosis (OR 2.177, 95% CI: 1.043-4.542, P = 0.03), were independently linked to the presence of carotid plaques. In patients ≤55 years, 15/67 cases with F0-F2 fibrosis (22.3%) had carotid plaques, compared with 11/21 (52.3%) with F3-F4 fibrosis (P = 0.008). By contrast, in patients >55 years the prevalence of carotid plaques was similar in those with or without severe fibrosis (25/43, 58.1% versus 22/43, 51.1%; P = 0.51).Severe hepatic fibrosis is associated with a high risk of early carotid atherosclerosis in G1 CHC patients.
Rehabilitation and Causes of Premature Mortality in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury—Reply
Authors: Seena Fazel, Paul Lichtenstein, Niklas Långström
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Improved Survival in Adolescent Patients With Anorexia Nervosa: A Comparison of Two Swedish National Cohorts of Female Inpatients
Authors: Frank Lindblad, Lene Lindberg, Anders Hjern
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The authors examined two cohorts of female inpatients with anorexia nervosa a decade apart to determine whether there had been any changes in terms of survival. Method: The Swedish National Registers, which contain information about hospital discharges and deaths for the entire population, were used to investigate differences in mortality. Subjects born between 1958 and 1967 and hospitalized due to anorexia nervosa between 1977 and 1981 (N=564) were compared with subjects born between 1968 and 1977 and hospitalized due to anorexia nervosa between 1987 and 1991 (N=554). The cohorts were followed from first hospital admission until 1992 and 2002, respectively. Results: Twenty-five deaths (4.4%) were recorded within the cohort hospitalized between 1977 and 1981, and seven deaths (1.3%) occurred in the cohort hospitalized between 1987 and 1991. The hazard ratio of death for the 1977–1981 cohort relative to the 1987–1991 cohort was 3.7. Conclusions: Mortality among female patients with anorexia nervosa in hospital care in Sweden has decreased dramatically, which is probably related to the introduction of specialized care units.
Case 15-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Timothy E. Guiney, Walter G.J. Putschar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 70-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.Six years before entry a routine physical examination disclosed a Grade 2 aortic systolic murmur that was transmitted to the carotid arteries. Two weeks before admission, after performing vigorous calisthenics, he experienced a dull pain in the mandible and neck that radiated to the chest, abdomen and both lower extremities and then became localized as a dull thoracic ache that persisted for 12 hours. He came to the Emergency Ward, where examination revealed that the blood pressure was 120/90. The carotid pulses were . . .
The Painful Shoulder
Authors: Edward L. Compere
Journal: JAMA (1964)

SHOULDER PAIN which radiates down the arm is likely to be of indirect origin. The primary lesion may be overlooked if the examining physician concentrates on the shoulder. Pain in the shoulder radiating down the arm to the elbow or into the hand and fingers is<i>nearly always due to a cervical lesion</i>, since primary lesions of the shoulder usually do not produce radiating pain beyond the elbow. Furthermore, if the shoulder is normal to physical examination and by roentgen study, the primary lesion responsible for the painful shoulder is probably in the neck. Osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, degenerated or extruded intervertebral discs, a cervical rib, or a neoplasm involving some part of the cervical spine, are some of the common causes of pain in the shoulder and arm. Pain in the neck may be trivial or nonexistent. The muscles of the neck, including the anterior scalenus muscle, may
Abstract 5093: Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin secretion is stimulated by aldolase A from human malignant melanoma cells
Authors: Juliana K. Choi, Tapas K. Das Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent reports have shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa secrete increased levels of a redox protein, azurin, when co-cultured with human cancer cells. Previous data have demonstrated that azurin preferentially enters and induces cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines; this same entry and cytotoxicity were not observed with normal cells. In the present study, P. aeruginosa, human malignant melanoma cells (Mel-2), and non-malignant melanocytes (CMN) were used as a model system to determine how P. aeruginosa distinguishes a cancer cell from a normal cell. P. aeruginosa were directly co-incubated with Mel-2 and CMN, and Western blot analyses were used to analyze levels of azurin secretion. A dose-dependent increase in azurin secretion was demonstrated upon co-incubation of P. aeruginosa and Mel-2, and azurin secretion was increased greater than 10-fold in the presence of Mel-2 compared to CMN. Also, real-time PCR assessment of azurin transcription demonstrated a 2-fold increase in azurin transcripts when P. aeruginosa were co-incubated with Mel-2. Next, a Transwell system was used in which P. aeruginosa and Mel-2 were co-incubated to allow secretion exchange but prevent physical contact. Using this system, it was demonstrated that azurin release is stimulated by soluble extracellular factors secreted by Mel-2 but not CMN. Using Coomassie staining and mass spectrometry techniques, aldolase A, a glycolytic enzyme upregulated in many cancer cells, was identified as a stimulating factor for azurin secretion. Cancer and normal cell line pairs of varying histogenesis were examined for basal aldolase A levels, and aldolase A was generally found to be elevated in cancer cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. These same cell line pairs were co-incubated with P. aeruginosa and azurin secretion directly correlated with aldolase A levels. The results suggest that secretion of azurin is, at least in part, mediated by aldolase A. In close proximity, P. aeruginosa may detect aldolase A in cancer cells and secrete azurin as a defense mechanism to induce cytotoxicity in Mel-2. Using P. aeruginosa, Mel-2 cells, and CMN cells as a model system, it was demonstrated that inherent differences between cancer cells and normal cells can be detected by bacteria and subsequently lead to a preferential interaction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5093.
Implications of the Growing Use of Freestanding Children's Hospitals
Authors: Evan S. Fieldston, Steven M. Altschuler
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal