tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Rupture of the Esophagus
Authors: Dan Aderka
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  We refer to the publication of Campbell and his colleagues on spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome). The authors intended to emphasize the diagnostic approach to this entity. However, we feel that a simple but important diagnostic procedure was omitted: the determination of the pleural fluid pH. The ruptured esophagus and the repeated vomiting cause the gastric contents to invade the pleural cavity, and a pleural fluid pH of less than 6 is highly suggestive of esophogeal rupture. 1 Such a procedure resulted in a prompt diagnosis in one of our patients.
Postexercise Hyperhistaminemia, Dermographia, and Wheezing
Authors: KENNETH P. MATHEWS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A 22-year-old college student with a history of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis since early childhood developed cold urticaria at 10 years of age. At age 18 he began to have wheezing and pruritis after exertion, with the appearance of wheals where he scratched himself. There was no mastocytosis or cholinergic urticaria, but he had elevated plasma histamine levels and transient dermographia after strenuous exertion. Similar findings after exercise were not obtained in control young men in the following categories: six normal, nonatopic persons; nine asthmatics; two persons with cold urticaria; and one dermographic subject. The patient showed elevated plasma histamine after immersing one forearm in ice water for 5 min; 10 control subjects did not show this response. The patient's cold allergy, but not the transient dermographia, was passively transferrable. Several studies failed to determine whether physiologic or immunologic abnormalities caused the massive exercise-induced histamine release associated with dermographia and wheezing.
Hypertension Detection and Follow-up
Authors: Yehuda M. Traub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the report on the five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Followup Program [HDFP] Cooperative Group (242:2562, 1979), I would like to take issue with some of the conclusions that were forwarded. First, all of the end points were determined by HDFP staff for the stepped care (SC) patients as well as for the referred care (RC) patients.<sup>1</sup>The fact that the RC patients were not as familiar with the HDFP personnel as opposed to the SC patients could easily account for a slight difference in the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and thus for the higher percentage of "at or below goal" patients in the SC group. Second, differences between the two groups in death rates from either cardiovascular or noncardiovascular causes as well as from all causes were similar. Therefore, neither antihypertensive therapy nor lower blood pressure (BP) can be credited for the better
Prediction of spontaneous autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice by quantification of autoreactive T cells in peripheral blood
Authors: Jacqueline D. Trudeau, Carolyn Kelly-Smith, C. Bruce Verchere, John F. Elliott, Jan P. Dutz, Diane T. Finegood, Pere Santamaria, Rusung Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Autoimmune (type 1) diabetes mellitus results from the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells by T lymphocytes. Prediction of cell-mediated autoimmune diseases by direct detection of autoreactive T cells in peripheral blood has proved elusive, in part because of their low frequency and reduced avidity for peptide MHC ligands.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis treated with a beta‐2‐adrenostimulant
Authors: P. Borum, F. Schultz Larsen
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The aim of the study was to investigate whether topical application of a beta‐2‐adre‐nostimulant (fenoterol) on the mucous membrane has a clinically signification anti‐allergic effect. Thirty‐three patients with grass pollen hay fever completed the trial which was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled cross‐over design. After a run‐in period the patients received two puffs of 50 Hg fenoterol 4 times a day or placebo for 21/2 weeks before crossover. Symptoms were scored on diary cards and there was a moderate, but significant effect of fenoterol on sneezing but the effect on secretion and blockage was insignificant it is concluded that beta‐2‐stimulating agents are not competitors to the very effective topical steroids
Hemodynamic Effects of Guanethidine in Man
Authors: JAY N. COHN, THOMAS E. LIPTAK, EDWARD D. FREIS
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Guanethidine was administered in a single intravenous infusion to supine hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Hemodynamic changes during the transient pressor phase were consistent with catechol amine effect. The later hypotensive effect occurred only in the hypertensive subjects and was usually associated with a slight decrease in cardiac output in patients without cardiac decompensation and a slight increase in output in those with congestive heart failure. Total peripheral resistance decreased although there was an increase in splanchnic vascular resistance and a decrease in the percentage of the cardiac output perfusing the hepatic-portal bed. Tests of sympathetic nervous system activity revealed that, although the Valsalva "overshoot" usually was blocked, complete inhibition of digital vasoconstrictor reflexes did not always occur and vascular responsiveness to tyramine and ephedrine was not diminished up to six hours following intravenous guanethidine. Tyramine responses were also demonstrated in a group of patients on effective long-term oral therapy with guanethidine. These studies suggest that guanethidine has unique hemodynamic effects not necessarily shared by ganglionic blocking agents, bretylium tosylate, or reserpine. Catechol amine depletion probably is not important in the mechanism of the antihypertensive and sympathetic inhibitory actions in man, and the possibility of an additional non-adrenergic effect is considered.
71 POLYMORPHISMS AT RS12979860 AND RS12980275 NEAR PREDICT SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE TO (PEG-)INTERFERON IN HBEAG-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: M.J. Sonneveld, V.W.-S. Wong, A.M. Woltman, G.L.H. Wong, E.H.C.J. Buster, B.E. Hansen, H.L.Y. Chan, H.L.A. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Newborn Screening — Setting Evidence-Based Policy for Protection
Authors: Marvin Natowicz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

In the early 1960s, a Massachusetts program for testing neonates for phenylketonuria became the first organized effort to screen newborns for genetic or metabolic disease in order to identify treatable disorders before they became symptomatic. Since that time, newborn-screening programs have expanded to include additional genetic and nongenetic conditions and have been implemented in all U.S. states, as well as in other countries. Although the importance and clinical successes of such screening are well recognized, many issues in newborn-screening policy and practice remain controversial.1,2 Newborn screening in the United States is mandated and regulated by the states, with little . . .
Atrioventricular-Node Inflammation — Mechanism of Sudden Death in Protracted Meningococcemia
Authors: Stanley J. Robboy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

SUDDEN death in septicemia and meningitis due to Neisseria meningitides occurs occasionally in patients hospitalized for approximately one week.1 , 2 The cause is unclear. In the following case acute damage to the atrioventricular node of the heart was probably the mechanism of sudden death.Case ReportA previously healthy 22-year-old soldier entered the hospital in a comatose condition. The temperature was 41.6°C, the blood pressure 140/80, the pulse 126, and the respirations 16. Examination revealed a hyperemic throat and a patient response only to painful stimuli. Lumbar puncture disclosed clear cerebrospinal fluid that contained 107 cells per cubic millimeter, with 55 . . .
Long-lasting NO overproduction in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: P N Bories, B Campillo, L Azaou, E Scherman
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Nitric oxide production was studied in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) or with other infections. We followed up on the time course of serum nitrate levels in 51 hospitalized patients aged between 34 and 81 years. Four groups were defined: patients with SBP (group 1, n = 14), patients with bacteremia (group 2, n = 11), patients with urinary tract infection (group 3, n = 11) and patients in a stable clinical condition (group 4, n = 20). The four groups did not differ in terms of Pugh score (11 +/- 1, 10 +/- 1, 11 +/- 1, and 10 +/- 1, respectively). Serum nitrate levels averaged 31 +/- 2 micromol/L in group 4 (84 samples). On the day results of cytobacteriological examination were positive, mean serum nitrate levels were 75 +/- 17, 63 +/- 9, and 36 +/- 9 micromol/L, respectively, in groups 1 (17 cases), 2 (11 cases), and 3 (11 cases) (P < .001). The maximum nitrate values recorded during follow-up were higher in groups 1 (149 +/- 15 micromol/L) and 2 (112 +/- 11 micromol/L) than in group 3 (66 +/- 7 micromol/L; P < .001 and < .01, respectively). These maximum values were recorded in all groups approximately 2 weeks after the infection was diagnosed. The mean duration of NO overproduction, as defined by nitrate level (3)90 micromol/L, was 15 +/- 3 days in group 1 and 5 +/- 1 day in group 2. When the nitrate concentration was studied in serum and ascitic fluid sampled on the same day, it was found to be higher in ascitic fluid than in serum in eight cases of SBP in the period preceding the peak serum nitrate concentration (100 +/- 17 vs. 63 +/- 14 micromol/L; P < .001). Our data indicate that SBP in cirrhotic patients led to a long-lasting increased local production of NO. This overproduction may contribute to maintaining splanchnic vasodilation and thus worsen the hyperkinetic state in these patients.
Fall in child mortality in Africa and Asia is "grossly insufficient" to meet millennium development goal, says Unicef
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The annual number of deaths worldwide among children aged under 5 years fell by nearly a third between 1990 and 2008, from 12.5 million to 8.8 million, show new data from Unicef. 

However, the agency says, progress still remains “grossly insufficient,” especially in the Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia regions, to reach the target under the United Nations’ fourth millennium development goal of a two thirds reduction in the number by 2015.

Overall there was a 28% fall over nearly two decades in the global death rate among under 5s, from 90 deaths per 1000 live births in 1990 to 65 per 1000 in 2008. 

The death rate in this age group has fallen by 22% since 1990 in the Sub-Saharan Africa region and by 39% in South Asia, not enough for the 2015 target to be reached. …
Sulphasalazine hepatotoxicity: lack of a hypersensitivity response.
Authors: A J MacGilchrist, J A Hunter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Perhaps the most valuable single set of resources for genetic studies of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> is the collection of multiply-inverted chromosomes commonly known as balancer chromosomes. Balancers prevent the recovery of recombination exchange products within genomic regions included in inversions and allow perpetual maintenance of deleterious alleles in living stocks and the execution of complex genetic crosses. Balancer chromosomes have been generated traditionally by exposing animals to ionizing radiation and screening for altered chromosome structure or for unusual marker segregation patterns. These approaches are tedious and unpredictable, and have failed to produce the desired products in some species. Here I describe transgenic tools that allow targeted chromosome rearrangements in <i>Drosophila</i> species. The key new resources are engineered reporter genes containing introns with yeast recombination sites and enhancers that drive fluorescent reporter genes in multiple body regions. These tools were used to generate a doubly-inverted chromosome 3R in <i>D. simulans</i> that serves as an effective balancer chromosome.
Tryptophan-Associated Eosinophilic Connective-Tissue Disease
Authors: Daniel J. Clauw, David J. Nashel, Andrew Umhau, Paul Katz
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Seven patients who developed a syndrome of eosinophilia, connective-tissue disease, and cutaneous abnormalities while ingesting tryptophan were examined. Other clinical manifestations commonly seen were pulmonary symptoms, fever, lymphadenopathy, and the development of myopathy. Laboratory features included mild elevations of aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, with essentially normal creatine kinase levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and C-reactive protein levels. Biopsy findings included features of scleroderma, small-vessel vasculitis, fasciitis, and myopathy. Discontinuation of tryptophan administration and implementation of corticosteroid therapy were of some benefit in relieving the intense myalgias and cutaneous findings that developed. Although temporally related to tryptophan ingestion, it is unclear whether this substance, a metabolite, or a contaminant were causal. We speculate that the pathogenesis of this syndrome may relate to abnormalities in tryptophan metabolism.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Electrocardiographic Features of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia”
Authors: Rahul Jain, Darshan Dalal, Amy Daly, Crystal Tichnell, Cynthia James, Ariana Evenson, Rohit Jain, Theodore Abraham, Boon Yew Tan, Hari Tandri, Stuart D. Russell, Daniel Judge, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Circulation (2010)
"PERNICIOUS ANEMIA AND TUBERCULOSIS"
Authors: Moses Barron
Journal: JAMA (1933)

[The letter was referred to Dr. Barron, who replies:] <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Josewich feels that the results were not as conclusive as might be desired. Unfortunately, no more dogmatic conclusions can be properly arrived at with the type of material under discussion. The thesis presented in the paper is that, from careful search in the literature together with the study of a large series of postmortem records, a combination of active tuberculosis, especially pulmonary tuberculosis, with pernicious anemia is exceedingly rare. All the available literature confirms this stand. As to the number of tuberculosis cases in this series, I have not the exact record, but in a study of 12,000 of these 16,000 cases there were found 318 cases of tuberculosis, which would approximate a total number for the 16,000 cases of about 475. Obviously an effort should be made to encourage more careful blood studies, but this should
Dabigatran increased bleeding and stroke compared with warfarin after mechanical heart valve implantation
Authors: Theodore J. Kolias
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club17 December 2013Dabigatran increased bleeding and stroke compared with warfarin after mechanical heart valve implantationTheodore J. Kolias, MDTheodore J. Kolias, MDUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (T.J.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationEikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Brueckmann M, et al; RE-ALIGN Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with mechanical heart valves. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1206-14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23991661Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Reference1 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S, et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1139-51. [PMID: 19717844] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Theodore J. Kolias, MDAffiliations: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (T.J.K.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 December 2013Volume 159, Issue 12Page: JC6KeywordsAnticoagulantsAortic valve replacementAtrial fibrillationBloodBlood plasmaDrug interactionsDrugsHeartHemorrhageHypertensionLiver diseasesMyocardial infarctionPharmacokineticsSafetyStrokeThrombosisTransient ischemic attacksValve replacementVitamin K ePublished: 8 March 2020 Issue Published: 17 December 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Suppression of inflammatory and neuropathic pain by uncoupling CRMP-2 from the presynaptic Ca2+ channel complex
Authors: Joel M Brittain, Djane B Duarte, Sarah M Wilson, Weiguo Zhu, Carrie Ballard, Philip L Johnson, Naikui Liu, Wenhui Xiong, Matthew S Ripsch, Yuying Wang, Jill C Fehrenbacher, Stephanie D Fitz, May Khanna, Chul-Kyu Park, Brian S Schmutzler, Bo Myung Cheon, Michael R Due, Tatiana Brustovetsky, Nicole M Ashpole, Andy Hudmon, Samy O Meroueh, Cynthia M Hingtgen, Nickolay Brustovetsky, Ru-Rong Ji, Joyce H Hurley, Xiaoming Jin, Anantha Shekhar, Xiao-Ming Xu, Gerry S Oxford, Michael R Vasko, Fletcher A White, Rajesh Khanna
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Iron control of erythroid development by a novel aconitase-associated regulatory pathway
Authors: Grant C. Bullock, Lorrie L. Delehanty, Anne-Laure Talbot, Sara L. Gonias, Wing-Hang Tong, Tracey A. Rouault, Brian Dewar, Jeffrey M. Macdonald, Jason J. Chruma, Adam N. Goldfarb
Journal: Blood (2010)
Simple &amp;amp; Direct: A Rhetoric for Writers
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<b>Harper Dictionary of Contemporary Usage</b>, by William and Mary Morris, 650 pp, $15, New York, Harper &amp; Row, 1975. A large proportion of physicians like to write, but most of them do it badly. Two new books may help them to improve. Jacques Barzun, historian and critic, well known not only as a scholar but as a fluent and pleasing writer, has had vast experience in editing and improving the works of students and friends. Now he shares his expertise with the reader. The book centers around the respect for words—that they should be properly chosen, properly joined, properly reflected upon. Barzun takes up his subject in a pleasantly systematic form, with didactic principles, many examples, and some exercises. The sad part about all such books on writing is that those who need them most are least likely to use them. This book is for those who deliberately want to
White Matter Protection in Congenital Heart Surgery
Authors: Nobuyuki Ishibashi, Joseph Scafidi, Akira Murata, Ludmila Korotcova, David Zurakowski, Vittorio Gallo, Richard A. Jonas
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Neurodevelopmental delays in motor skills and white matter (WM) injury have been documented in congenital heart disease and after pediatric cardiac surgery. The lack of a suitable animal model has hampered our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying WM injury in these patients. Our aim is to identify an optimal surgical strategy for WM protection to reduce neurological injury in congenital heart disease patients. Methods and Results— We developed a porcine cardiopulmonary bypass model that displays area-dependent WM maturation. In this model, WM injury was identified after cardiopulmonary bypass–induced ischemia-reperfusion injury. The degree of injury was inversely correlated with the maturation stage, which indicates maturation-dependent vulnerability of WM. Within different oligodendrocyte developmental stages, we show selective vulnerability of O4 + preoligodendrocytes, whereas oligodendrocyte progenitor cells were resistant to insults. This indicates that immature WM is vulnerable to cardiopulmonary bypass–induced injury but has an intrinsic potential for recovery mediated by endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell number decreased with age, which suggests that earlier repair allows successful WM development. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation was observed within a few days after cardiopulmonary bypass–induced ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, by 4 weeks, arrested oligodendrocyte maturation and delayed myelination were detected. Logistic model confirmed that maintenance of higher oxygenation and reduction of inflammation were effective in minimizing the risk of injury at immature stages of WM development. Conclusions— Primary repair in neonates and young infants potentially provides successful WM development in congenital heart disease patients. Cardiac surgery during this susceptible period should avoid ischemia-reperfusion injury and minimize inflammation to prevent long-term WM-related neurological impairment.
Study Halted: No Benefit Seen From Antiretroviral Pill in Preventing HIV in Women
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

This article explains the decision to halt a study that introduced a daily antiretroviral pill among women who are considered high risk for contracted HIV.  A brief trial period revealed that the pill was not entirely effective.  Results showed that almost the same number of women contracted HIV in the control and study groups. This could have been caused by a lack of adherence unexpected drug interactions or unknown factors. This is not necessarily a reflection on the protective abilities of the pill. Instead these results point to the need for further analysis and research.
Hemocue Urine Albumin Point-Of-Care Test Shows Strong Agreement With the Results Obtained With a Large Nephelometer
Authors: Gösta Florvall, Samar Basu, Johanna Helmersson, Anders Larsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

There is an increasing incidence of diabetic nephropathy, predominantly in patients with type 2 diabetes (1–3). Persistent microalbuminuria is a sign of ongoing glomerular injury and a strong predictor of clinical nephropathy, and screening for microalbuminuria, the earliest manifestation of diabetic nephropathy, is recommended for all diabetic patients (4).

Point-of-care testing (POCT) offers rapid test results, which facilitate the use of the results to motivate the patient to lifestyle changes and increased compliance (5–7). To achieve good compliance, it is essential that the patient and physician work together and that the patient get regular feedback on the treatment results. The feedback is considered to be more effective if the test results are available during the consultation. This has led to the development of POCT instruments for measuring urine albumin excretion.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate urine albumin analyzed by the HemoCue POCT instrument, …
Cytology of Non-gynaecological Sites
Authors: Tilde S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<b>Gynecologic Cytopathology: A Color Atlas of Differential Diagnosis</b>(Volker Schneider, trans), by Marie Luise Schneider and Hans-Joachim Staemmler, 187 pp, 154 illus, np, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1977. In recent cytopathologic literature the trend is toward the atlas, a useful form of text for the microscopist. Two new publications of this type seem designed to cover the field of cytology. The 173-page<i>Gynecologic Cytopathology</i>provides an introduction to the subject. Unfortunately, however, the illustrations provide no histopathologic correlation. When the authors use such terms as "superficial" and "deep" stromal cells of the endometrium, this lack of correlation is especially severe. The disadvantage becomes even more important in the section on dysplasia, as well as in the chapter on carcinoma in situ, which is subdivided into large, intermediate, and small cell types. The accompanying text is brief, as is the bibliography of 54 references. The majority of the color plates are of good