tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of Human Infections with Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in China
Authors: Qun Li, Lei Zhou, Minghao Zhou, Zhiping Chen, Furong Li, Huanyu Wu, Nijuan Xiang, Enfu Chen, Fenyang Tang, Dayan Wang, Ling Meng, Zhiheng Hong, Wenxiao Tu, Yang Cao, Leilei Li, Fan Ding, Bo Liu, Mei Wang, Rongheng Xie, Rongbao Gao, Xiaodan Li, Tian Bai, Shumei Zou, Jun He, Jiayu Hu, Yangting Xu, Chengliang Chai, Shiwen Wang, Yongjun Gao, Lianmei Jin, Yanping Zhang, Huiming Luo, Hongjie Yu, Jianfeng He, Qi Li, Xianjun Wang, Lidong Gao, Xinghuo Pang, Guohua Liu, Yansheng Yan, Hui Yuan, Yuelong Shu, Weizhong Yang, Yu Wang, Fan Wu, Timothy M. Uyeki, Zijian Feng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The first identified cases of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in humans occurred in China during February and March 2013. We analyzed data obtained from field investigations to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of H7N9 cases in China identified as of December 1, 2013.Field investigations were conducted for each confirmed case of H7N9 virus infection. A patient was considered to have a confirmed case if the presence of the H7N9 virus was verified by means of real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assay (RT-PCR), viral isolation, or serologic testing. Information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines was obtained from patients with confirmed cases. Close contacts were monitored for 7 days for symptoms of illness. Throat swabs were obtained from contacts in whom symptoms developed and were tested for the presence of the H7N9 virus by means of real-time RT-PCR.Among 139 persons with confirmed H7N9 virus infection, the median age was 61 years (range, 2 to 91), 71% were male, and 73% were urban residents. Confirmed cases occurred in 12 areas of China. Nine persons were poultry workers, and of 131 persons with available data, 82% had a history of exposure to live animals, including chickens (82%). A total of 137 persons (99%) were hospitalized, 125 (90%) had pneumonia or respiratory failure, and 65 of 103 with available data (63%) were admitted to an intensive care unit. A total of 47 persons (34%) died in the hospital after a median duration of illness of 21 days, 88 were discharged from the hospital, and 2 remain hospitalized in critical condition; 2 patients were not admitted to a hospital. In four family clusters, human-to-human transmission of H7N9 virus could not be ruled out. Excluding secondary cases in clusters, 2675 close contacts of case patients completed the monitoring period; respiratory symptoms developed in 28 of them (1%); all tested negative for H7N9 virus.Most persons with confirmed H7N9 virus infection had severe lower respiratory tract illness, were epidemiologically unrelated, and had a history of recent exposure to poultry. However, limited, nonsustained human-to-human H7N9 virus transmission could not be ruled out in four families.
Abstract 1042: Diminished caspase 8 and c-Myc protein expression in human fibroblasts provides insight into normal cell resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Roslyn N. Crowder, David T. Dicker, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated cell death is currently being exploited in clinical trials for cancer therapy. However, the molecular basis of normal cell resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, and thus therapeutic index, remains largely unexplored. We found that normal HFF and WI38 fibroblasts expressed slightly lower levels of TRAIL receptor DR5 as compared to human lung and colon cancer cells. While normal and cancer cells showed comparable DcR2 expression, the WI38 and HFF expressed little DR4 and DcR1. Normal fibroblasts were examined for increased expression of proteins known to inhibit TRAIL-mediated cell death. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in WI38 and HFF was comparable to expression found in cancer cells, while no XIAP expression was detected in the normal fibroblasts. c-Myc, a major determinant of TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells, was found to be decreased in the normal fibroblasts and thus may be a contributing factor to their escape from TRAIL-induced cell death. NF-κB activation was assessed after 4 hours of TRAIL exposure, but minimal IκB degradation was observed in the normal fibroblasts, suggesting their resistance to TRAIL may not be mediated through induction of pro-survival factors by NFkB. Expression and activation of initiator caspases, required for complete TRAIL signaling, was investigated and although its levels were elevated, no caspase 10 activation was observed in normal WI38 and HFF cells after TRAIL treatment. Extremely low caspase 8 protein expression was detected in the normal human fibroblast lines, at levels barely detectable as compared to tumor cells that generally show robust caspase 8 expression. Reduced caspase 8 expression may be considered as another contributing factor to the resistance of normal cells to TRAIL. Expression and activation of effector caspase 3 was also examined. After TRAIL stimulation, expression of full length caspase 3 declined in normal and tumor cells. However, cleavage of caspase 3 substrate, PARP, was only seen in cancer cells. Our current studies are focused on further analysis of mediators of cell death signaling by TRAIL, whether treatment of normal fibroblasts with proteasome inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and/or DNA methylation inhibitors might result in increased caspase 8 protein expression and susceptibility to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. We are further investigating the effects of serum and growth factors to drive cell proliferation of normal cells on c-Myc expression and TRAIL sensitivity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1042.
Simultaneously Successful Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation and Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Saccular Aneurysm
Authors: Hüseyin Ayhan, Tahir Durmaz, Telat Keleş, Murat Canyiğit, Emrah Uğuz, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pituitary-directed leukemia inhibitory factor transgene forms Rathke's cleft cysts and impairs adult pituitary function. A model for human pituitary Rathke's cysts.
Authors: S Akita, C Readhead, L Stefaneanu, J Fine, A Tampanaru-Sarmesiu, K Kovacs, S Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and LIF receptors are expressed in adenohypophyseal cells and LIF regulates pituitary hormone transcription and cell replication in vitro. Therefore, transgenic mice expressing pituitary-directed LIF driven by the rat growth hormone (GH) promoter were generated to evaluate the impact of LIF on pituitary development. Three founders were established with diminished linear growth and body weight (57-65% of wild type [WT]), and intense anterior pituitary LIF immunoreactivity. Cystic cavities observed in pituitary anterior lobes were lined by cuboidal, ciliated epithelial cells, focally immunopositive for cytokeratin and S-100 protein and immunonegative for adenohypophyseal hormones. Transgenic pituitaries showed decreased GH (40%) and prolactin (PRL) (26%) cells, and decreased GH and PRL mRNAs by in situ hybridization. ACTH cells increased 2.2-fold, whereas gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs were unchanged. Serum GH was undetectable (< 0.78 ng/ml), PRL levels were one third of WT (P < 0.05), IGF-I levels were 30% of WT (P < 0. 001), and T4 was normal. 10 human pituitary Rathke's cysts studied all showed conclusive LIF immunoreactivity in cyst-lining cells. Thus, intrapituitary murine LIF overexpression causes cystic invaginations from the anterior wall of Rathke's cleft, suggesting failed differentiation of Rathke's epithelium to hormone-secreting cells. Arrested murine pituitary maturation with formation of pituitary Rathke's cleft cysts, GH deficiency, and short stature provide a model to study human Rathke's cyst pathogenesis.
Detection of a False Aneurysm in the Thigh by Scintiangiography
Authors: S FRITSCH, J ARLETH, H M BECKER, A G MANNES, E MOSER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

In addition to arteriography or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), scintiangiography with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells (RBCs) provides supplementary diagnostic informations in vascular diseases. The following case report describes the scintigraphic detection of a mycotic aneurysm of the a, femoralis profunda. DSA, with images only up to 12 seconds postinjection, was not diagnostic. A second DSA with late images (up to 30 seconds postinjection confirmed the scintigraphic finding. Scintiangiography with RBCs can be recommended as screening procedure for peripheral aneurysms. To provide additional morphological informations, DSA with late images has to follow immediately.
Epimorphin deletion protects mice from inflammation-induced colon carcinogenesis and alters stem cell niche myofibroblast secretion
Authors: Anisa Shaker, Elzbieta A. Swietlicki, Lihua Wang, Shujun Jiang, Birce Onal, Shashi Bala, Katherine DeSchryver, Rodney Newberry, Marc S. Levin, Deborah C. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions regulate normal gut epithelial homeostasis and have a putative role in inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer pathogenesis. Epimorphin is a mesenchymal and myofibroblast protein with antiproliferative, promorphogenic effects in intestinal epithelium. We previously showed that deletion of epimorphin partially protects mice from acute colitis, associated with an increase in crypt cell proliferation. Here we explored the potential therapeutic utility of modulating epimorphin expression by examining the effects of epimorphin deletion on chronic inflammation–associated colon carcinogenesis using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model. We found that mice in which epimorphin expression was absent had a marked reduction in incidence and extent of colonic dysplasia. Furthermore, epimorphin deletion in myofibroblasts altered the morphology and growth of cocultured epithelial cells. Loss of epimorphin affected secretion of soluble mesenchymal regulators of the stem cell niche such as Chordin. Importantly, IL-6 secretion from LPS-treated epimorphin-deficient myofibroblasts was completely inhibited, and stromal IL-6 expression was reduced in vivo. Taken together, these data show that epimorphin deletion inhibits chronic inflammation–associated colon carcinogenesis in mice, likely as a result of increased epithelial repair, decreased myofibroblast IL-6 secretion, and diminished IL-6–induced inflammation. Furthermore, we believe that modulation of epimorphin expression may have therapeutic benefits in appropriate clinical settings.
Mast Cell Chymase Regulates Homeostatic Intestinal Barrier Function
Authors: K.R. Groschwitz, R. Ahrens, H. Osterfeld, F.D. Finkelman, M.E. Rothenberg, M. Abrink, G. Pejler, S.P. Hogan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Bone Lead Levels and Delinquent Behavior
Authors: Herbert L. Needleman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the association between body lead burden and social adjustment. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Public school community. <h3>Participants.</h3> —From a population of 850 boys in the first grade at public schools, 503 were selected on the basis of a risk scale for antisocial behavior. All of the 850 boys who scored in the upper 30th percentile of the distribution on a self-reported antisocial behavior scale were matched with an equal number drawn by lot from the lower 70% of the distribution. From this sample, 301 students accepted the invitation to participate. <h3>Exposure Measure.</h3> —K x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy of tibia at subjects' age of 12 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), teachers' and parents' reports, and subjects' self-report of antisocial behavior and delinquency at 7 and 11 years of age. <h3>Results.</h3> —Subjects, teachers, and parents were blind to the bone lead measurements. At 7 years of age, borderline associations between teachers' aggression, delinquency, and externalizing scores and lead levels were observed after adjustment for covariates. At 11 years of age, parents reported a significant lead-related association with the following CBCL cluster scores: somatic complaints and delinquent, aggressive, internalizing, and externalizing behavior. Teachers reported significant associations of lead with somatic complaints, anxious/depressed behavior, social problems, attention problems, and delinquent, aggressive, internalizing, and externalizing behavior. High-lead subjects reported higher scores in subjects' self-reports of delinquency at 11 years. High-lead subjects were more likely to obtain worse scores on all items of the CBCL during the 4-year period of observation. High bone lead levels were associated with an increased risk of exceeding the clinical score (T&gt;70) for attention, aggression, and delinquency. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Lead exposure is associated with increased risk for antisocial and delinquent behavior, and the effect follows a developmental course. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;275:363-369)
Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial function in hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: E Stroes, J Kastelein, F Cosentino, W Erkelens, R Wever, H Koomans, T Lüscher, T Rabelink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In hypercholesterolemia, impaired nitric oxide activity has been associated with increased nitric oxide degradation by oxygen radicals. Deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor of nitric oxide synthase, causes both impaired nitric oxide activity and increased oxygen radical formation. In this study we tested whether tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency contributes to the decreased nitric oxide activity observed in hypercholesterolemic patients. Therefore, L-mono-methyl-arginine to inhibit basal nitric oxide activity, serotonin to stimulate nitric oxide activity, and nitroprusside as endothelium-independent vasodilator were infused in the brachial artery of 13 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and 13 matched controls. The infusions were repeated during coinfusion of L-arginine (200 microg/kg/min), tetrahydrobiopterin (500 microg/min), or the combination of both compounds. Forearm vasomotion was assessed using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography and expressed as ratio of blood flow between measurement and control arm (M/C ratio). Tetrahydrobiopterin infusion alone did not alter M/C ratio. Both the attenuated L-mono-methyl-arginine-induced vasoconstriction as well as the impaired serotonin-induced vasodilation were restored in patients during tetrahydrobiopterin infusion. Tetrahydrobiopterin had no effect in controls. In conclusion, this study demonstrates restoration of endothelial dysfunction by tetrahydrobiopterin suppletion in hypercholesterolemic patients.
Prospective Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Following Trauma
Authors: Arieh Y. Shalev, Sara Freedman, Tuvia Peri, Dalia Brandes, Tali Sahar, Scott P. Orr, Roger K. Pitman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the onset, overlap, and course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression following traumatic events. METHOD: The occurrence of PTSD and major depression and the intensity of related symptoms were assessed in 211 trauma survivors recruited from a general hospital's emergency room. Psychometrics and structured clinical interview (the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale) were administered 1 week, 1 month, and 4 months after the traumatic event. Heart rate was assessed upon arrival at the emergency room for subjects with minor physical injury. Twenty-three subjects with PTSD and 35 matched comparison subjects were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: Major depression and PTSD occurred early on after trauma; patients with these diagnoses had similar recovery rates: 63 survivors (29.9%) met criteria for PTSD at 1 month, and 37 (17.5%) had PTSD at 4 months. Forty subjects (19.0%) met criteria for major depression at 1 month, and 30 (14.2%) had major depression at 4 months. Comorbid depression occurred in 44.5% of PTSD patients at 1 month and in 43.2% at 4 months. Comorbidity was associated with greater symptom severity and lower levels of functioning. Survivors with PTSD had higher heart rate levels at the emergency room and reported more intrusive symptoms, exaggerated startle, and peritraumatic dissociation than those with major depression. Prior depression was associated with a higher prevalence of major depression and with more reported symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Major depression and PTSD are independent sequelae of traumatic events, have similar prognoses, and interact to increase distress and dysfunction. Both should be targeted by early treatment interventions and by neurobiological research.
Questions and Answers on Death and Dying
Authors: Glen W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Since publishing<i>On Death and Dying</i>in 1969, Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross has given approximately 700 workshops and lectures throughout North America and Europe. This book is a collection of her responses to some of the questions most frequently asked by her audiences. The book focuses almost exclusively on adult patients. Another book,<i>On Children and Death</i>, is promised as "forthcoming." <i>Questions and Answers</i>is directed primarily toward health care workers and is organized in three parts. The first part, on understanding the dying patient, will be familiar to readers of<i>On Death and Dying</i>. The second part deals with patient-related issues. The chapter on "Special Forms of Communication" is, in my opinion, worth the price of the volume. It summarizes and illustrates the difference between "nonverbal symbolic language" and "symbolic verbal language"—an important distinction for those of us who work directly with patients, especially verbally incapacitated patients. The third part
TCT-541 Impact of below-the-knee intervention on the patency of superficial femoral artery lesion after concomitant angioplasty
Authors: Choongki Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Dong-Ho Shin, Jung-Sun Kim, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Donghoon Choi, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prognostic Role of Hematologic Parameters in Heart Failure Patients with Incidental Massive Pleural Effusion Diagnosed During Echocardiographic Evaluation
Authors: Süleyman Ercan, Vedat Davutoğlu, Muhammed Oylumlu, Mehmet Kaplan, İbrahim Halil İnanç
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Percutaneous Embolization for Erectile Dysfunction due to Venous Leakage: Prognostic Factors for a Good Therapeutic Result
Authors: M. Fern&aacute;ndez Arjona, M. Fern&aacute;ndez Arjona, R. Oteros, R. Oteros, M.A. Zarca, M.A. Zarca, J. D&iacute;az Fern&aacute;ndez, J. D&iacute;az Fern&aacute;ndez, I. Cortes, I. Cortes
Journal: European Urology (2001)
STUDIES UPON EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA IN RABBITS
Authors: B. S. Kline, M. C. Winternitz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

1. The importance of the leucocyte in the resistance of animals to experimental pneumonia is emphasized by the fact that animals treated with benzol, a leucotoxic substance, rapidly succumb to the disease, while animals treated in like manner with toluol, a very similar chemical substance causing no leucopenia, show no decreased resistance. 2. The rôle of the leucocyte in the resistance of animals to experimental pneumonia is further emphasized by the fact that animals that respond to the pneumococcus infection with a leucocytosis, as occurs after the repeated injection of toluol, are more resistant to the pneumonia. Further, the hyperleucocytosis produced by repeated injection of nutrose before the production of pneumonia likewise seems to increase the resistance of the animals. 3. Experimental pneumonia is not necessarily fatal in rabbits. The factors determining the outcome of the disease are numerous; among these is the number of bacteria inoculated. Animals receiving small doses usually survive, while those receiving comparatively large numbers usually succumb.
Effects of a Cardio-selective Beta-adrenergic Blocker (I.C.I. 50172) at Exercise in Angina Pectoris
Authors: N.-H. Areskog, L. Adolfsson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A cardio-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent (I.C.I. 50172), which has been studied both in normal subjects and in patients with angina pectoris during and after a standardized work test, produced a significant increase in the exercise tolerance of the patients. These favourable effects are comparable with those of propranolol.One patient with severe bronchial asthma and coronary insufficiency treated with I.C.I. 50172 improved and his respiratory function was not impaired.
International Conference Gives Boost to Including Omega Fatty Acids in Diet
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AN INTERNATIONAL conference on the health effects of the omega-3 fatty acids from marine sources has concluded that there is now enough "clear evidence of the role of these fatty acids in human growth and development and in health and disease to warrant recommending that human diets should include the omega-3 fatty acids." Those attending this Second International Conference on the Health Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods also are calling for a ban on marketing of enteral and parenteral formulas that do not contain any omega-3 fatty acids. (The conference has 19 sponsors, including several institutes of the National Institutes of Health, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Marine Fisheries Service, the Department of Agriculture, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse.) Although studies of the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on heart and cardiovascular diseases occupied the major portion of the Washington, DC, conference, studies were
Landmark article Feb 15, 1965: A "new" antigen in leukemia sera. By Baruch S. Blumberg, Harvey J. Alter, and Sam Visnich
Authors: B. S. Blumberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Patients who receive large numbers of transfusions for anemia and other causes may develop precipitins in their blood. These precipitins may react in agar gel double diffusion experiments with specific human serum lipoprotein found in the blood of other individuals. Since these precipitins were found only in patients who had received transfusions they were thought to be antibodies against serum lipoproteins which developed in the patients as a result of the repeated transfusions. The precipitin is referred to as an isoprecipitin since it develops against a specificity found in an individual from the same species. The antilipoprotein isoprecipitin<sup>1,2</sup>developed in approximately 30% of 47 patients with thalassemia who had received transfusions. Isoprecipitins also developed in a smaller number of transfused patients with other diseases. All precipitins stained with sudan black, a dye specific for lipid. Immunoelectrophoretic and ultracentrifugal studies showed that the protein with which the isoprecipitins reacted was
Collecting data on cancer
Authors: I Bassnett, A M Pollock, M Gill
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Whitehead, in socioeconomic deprivation and health.As a short report our article must be regarded as preliminary; we now have further data accepted for publication regarding metabolic control of diabetes and deprivation, and we are extending our study to consider those diabetic patients whom we do not usually see, to allow for possible referral bias.