tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3867: ROCK1 inhibition promotes the self-renewal of a novel mouse mammary cancer stem cell
Authors: Jochen Maurer, David J. Castro, Mihee Kim, Robert G. Oshima
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The differentiation of stem-like tumor cells may contribute to the cellular heterogeneity of breast cancers. We report the propagation of highly enriched mouse mammary cancer stem cells that retain the potential to differentiate both in vivo and in culture and their use to identify chemical compounds that influence both self-renewal and differentiation. We identify epithelial tumor initiating cells (ETICs) that express lineage markers of both basal and luminal mammary cell lineages and retain the potential, from even single cells, to generate heterogeneous tumors similar to the tumor of origin. ETICs can progress through a Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) dependent, epithelial to mesenchymal transition to generate mesenchymal tumor initiating cells (MTICs) capable of initiating tumors of limited heterogeneity. The propagation of ETICs may allow for the identification of new therapeutic compounds that may inhibit or prevent progression of some types of breast cancer. Citation Format: Jochen Maurer, David J. Castro, Mihee Kim, Robert G. Oshima. ROCK1 inhibition promotes the self-renewal of a novel mouse mammary cancer stem cell. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3867. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3867
Telomeres and age-related disease: how telomere biology informs clinical paradigms
Authors: Mary Armanios
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Telomere length shortens with age and predicts the onset of replicative senescence. Recently, short telomeres have been linked to the etiology of degenerative diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bone marrow failure, and cryptogenic liver cirrhosis. These disorders have recognizable clinical manifestations, and the telomere defect explains their genetics and informs the approach to their treatment. Here, I review how telomere biology has become intimately connected to clinical paradigms both for understanding pathophysiology and for individualizing therapy decisions. I also critically examine nuances of interpreting telomere length measurement in clinical studies.
IMPACT OF CULPRIT LESION LOCATION ON THE INCIDENCE OF ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION FOLLOWING ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: LONG–TERM ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW–UP STUDY
Authors: Kitae Kim, Shuichiro Kaji, Takeshi Kitai, Atsushi Kobori, Natsuhiko Ehara, Makoto Kinoshita, Tomoko Tani, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Extracapsular Hemorrhage from a Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: M Carola Zillikens, Anke Wijbenga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A healthy 34-year-old woman presented with an acute, painful swelling and bluish discoloration of the anterior neck with no associated trauma. She reported having fatigue, anorexia, and depression during the past few weeks. On examination, she had extensive ecchymosis of the anterior neck and chest (Panel A). Laryngoscopy showed a hematoma at the level of the arytenoid and epiglottis. Laboratory tests revealed a serum calcium level of 5.8 mmol per liter (23.1 mg per deciliter) (normal range, 2.2 to 2.6 mmol per liter [8.8 to 10.6 mg per deciliter]), a serum phosphate level of 0.7 mmol per liter (2.2 mg . . .
Targeting Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins for Cancer Therapy: A Double-Edge Sword?
Authors: Simone Fulda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.8741 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print August 11, 2014 PMID: 25113757 Targeting Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins for Cancer Therapy: A Double-Edge Sword? Simone FuldaxSimone FuldaSearch for articles by this author Show More Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.56.8741 Full Text PDF Figures and Tables "Targeting Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins for Cancer Therapy: A Double-Edge Sword?." Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32(28), pp. 3190–3191© 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Requirements for entry.
Authors: P Richards
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of experience, the inflexibility of age and specialisation, or merely a lack of knowledge ? It is noticeable that the positive attitudes in general practitioner trainees are often based on an awareness or personal experience of a treatment?for example, of users who wished to train further in these therapies, more than half had received treatment themselves by an alternative method. The relative lack of interest in junior hospital doctors may reflect the different role of these techniques in the more technological and specialised hospital environment. It may also, however, show something of the different attitudes to medicine in these groups, with the primary care doctor more concerned with holism. Though the term holistic has been coined to describe the whole person approach of alternative medicine, this is hardly a new idea in orthodox general practice?though current vocational training programmes have found a need to re-emphasise it. Indeed, alternative medicine is in grave danger of committing the orthodox error of overspecialisation, which it claims to reject. Instead of taking your headache to a neurologist, your anxiety to a psychiatrist, and your search for a tonic to the chemist, you now knock on the door of the acupuncturist, hypnotherapist, and health food store in your quest for health. The whole person deserves a whole doctor who can assess his wrhole problem and who can refer him to a specialist, orthodox or alternative, if required. Based on the data gathered here, it is clear that younger doctors view these methods not as alternative but as complementary to more orthodox approaches. The interest shown here is not being met in undergraduate curriculums or postgraduate training programmes. It might be argued, however, that doctors should educate themselves in these methods. About 2000 doctors have indeed been trained to some degree by the existing medical associations for hypnosis, acupuncture, manipulation, and homoeopathy, but this contrasts with the number of professional lay practitioners (about 10 000). Furthermore, if the number not in professional associations is included, there were about 27 800 lay practitioners in 19811 compared with the total number of general practitioners in Britain in 1982 of 29 800. It becomes obvious that the exclusion of these methods from medical training carries certain implications for the future.
Hazards From Bicycles
Authors: Kenneth H. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The accident described by Dr Furnas can also be caused by a rider carelessly driving over a piece of wood, which can get thrown into the spokes of the front wheel with potentially disastrous results. I was personally involved on the bottom of a four-bicycle pileup as a result of this. It was only by the greatest good fortune that the whole pile of us was not run over by automobiles.
The Effect of Health Coverage on Use of Cesarean Section
Authors: Stephen J. Waszak
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Haas et al<sup>1</sup>on the effect of health coverage for uninsured pregnant women on maternal health and the use of cesarean section has some significant flaws. By looking at the data differently, one can see that provision of coverage leads to higher rates of cesarean section. Cesarean section is generally performed not for issues of maternal health, but rather for issues of fetal health and well-being, and no data were presented to demonstrate the effect of cesarean section on fetal health. It is well known that there is a trade-off between cesarean section rate and maternal health risks. However, the purpose of most cesarean sections is to improve fetal outcome, and this study had no data to bear on this question whatsoever. One of the reasons to provide coverage for uninsured patients is to improve fetal outcomes, not just maternal health indexes. Likewise,
UK launches study to follow childhood cancer survivors
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Thousands of Britons who survived cancer as children are being followed up to find out how many develop further cancer, become infertile, or suffer other health problems after radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the Cancer Research Campaign (CRC) announced this week.

The British Childhood Cancer Survivors' Study will compare rates of illness and cancer among 16 000 survivors and 3000 of their children with rates in the general population. Family histories will be checked to …
Homocysteinethiolactone and Paraoxonase
Authors: Subramaniam Barathi, Narayanasamy Angayarkanni, Aarthi Pasupathi, Sulochana Konerirajapuram Natarajan, Rishi Pukraj, Maneesh Dhupper, Thirumurthy Velpandian, Charanya Muralidharan, Muthukumaran Sivashanmugham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase (PON) exhibits esterase activity (PON-AREase) and lactonase activity (PON-HCTLase), which prevent LDL oxidation and detoxify homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL). The role of HCTL and PON-HCTLase as a risk factor for the microvascular complication in diabetic retinopathy at the level of vitreous has not been investigated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Undiluted vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (n = 13) and macular hole (MH) (n = 8) was used to determine PON-HCTLase and PON-AREase activity spectrophotometrically. HCTL levels were detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In vitro studies were done in primary cultures of bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells (BRECs) to determine the dose- and time-dependent effect of HCTL and homocysteine (Hcys) on PON-HCTLase activity, as well as to determine mRNA expression of PON by RT-PCR. RESULTS A significant increase in HCTL and PON-HCTLase activity was observed in PDR compared with MH (P = 0.036, P = 0.001), with a significant positive correlation between them (r = 0.77, P = 0.03). The in vitro studies on BRECs showed a dose- and time-dependent increase in the PON-HCTLase activity and mRNA expression of PON2 when exposed to HCTL and Hcys. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing elevated levels of vitreous HCTL and PON-HCTLase activity in PDR. These elevations are probably a protective effect to eliminate HCTL, which mediates endothelial cell dysfunction. Thus, vitreous levels of HCTL and PON activity can be markers of diabetic retinopathy. The bioinformatics analysis reveals that the structure and function of PON that can be modulated by hyperhomocysteinemia in PDR can affect the dual-enzyme activity of PON.
Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Reuben Arasaratnam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Letters3 March 2015Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis InfectionReuben Arasaratnam, MD, MPHReuben Arasaratnam, MD, MPHFrom Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L15-5058 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their network meta-analysis assessing regimens for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, Stagg and colleagues (1) concluded that therapies containing rifamycins may be effective alternatives to isoniazid monotherapy. Many aspects of their study are worth commendation, including a broad search strategy, collection and adjustment of covariates for the development of active tuberculosis, and comprehensive reporting of outcomes in their article and the supplementary material. The authors discussed the inconsistency of the higher rate of hepatotoxicity in their placebo group and attributed this occurrence to the rate of hepatic events in the placebo groups of some of ...Reference1. Stagg HR, Zenner D, Harris RJ, Muñoz L, Lipman MC, Abubakar I. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection: a network meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161:419-28. [PMID: 25111745]. doi:10.7326/M14-1019 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOf InterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0554. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTreatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Helen R. Stagg , Dominik Zenner , Ross J. Harris , Laura Muñoz , Marc C. Lipman , and Ibrahim Abubakar Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Helen R. Stagg , Dominik Zenner , Ross J. Harris , Laura Muñoz , Marc C. Lipman , and Ibrahim Abubakar Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Gauranga C. Dhar Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Dominik Zenner , Helen R. Stagg , Ross J. Harris , and Ibrahim Abubakar Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Gauranga C. Dhar Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Dominik Zenner , Helen R. Stagg , Ross J. Harris , and Ibrahim Abubakar Metrics 3 March 2015Volume 162, Issue 5Page: 393-394KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureIsoniazidNetwork analysisRisk managementTuberculosis ePublished: 3 March 2015 Issue Published: 3 March 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of the sirolimus drug-eluting stent for real world coronary lesions the milan experience: Results of the first 400 lesions
Authors: Vassilis Spanos, Goran Stankovic, Flavio Airoldi, Matteo Montorfano, Nicola Corvaja, Francesco Liistro, Alaide Chieffo, Maryuri Segura, Davide Tavano, Carlo Di Mario, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Biomechanics and medicine in swimming
Authors: Kevin Boyd
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Preterm infants have a high risk of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment, often associated with WMA on conventional MR imaging. DTI can provide insight into white matter microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between WMA on conventional MR imaging and DTI parameters in specific fibers in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Seventy preterm neonates (39 boys and 31 girls) were included in the study. WMA were classified as no, mild, moderate, or severe. Probabilistic tractography provided tract volumes, FA, MD, λ<sub>//</sub>, and λ<sub>⊥</sub> in the CST, SLF, TRs, and corpus callosum. Data were compared by using MANOVA, and adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Important associations were found between WMA and microstructural changes. Compared with neonates with no WMA (<i>n</i> = 41), those with mild WMA (<i>n</i> = 27) had significantly increased λ<sub>⊥</sub> and MD in the left ATR, the left sensory STR, the bilateral motor STR, and for λ<sub>⊥</sub> also in the right CST; FA decreased significantly in the left sensory STR. Diminished tract volumes and altered diffusion indices were also observed in the 2 neonates with moderate WMA. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Altered DTI indices in specific tracts, with λ<sub>⊥</sub> as most prominent, are associated with mild WMA in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.
Sequence-independent inhibition of in vitro vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and in vivo neointimal formation by phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides.
Authors: W Wang, H J Chen, A Schwartz, P J Cannon, C A Stein, L E Rabbani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (PS oligos) are antisense (sequence-specific) inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation when targeted against different genes. Recently an aptameric G-quartet inhibitory effect of PS oligos has been demonstrated. To determine whether PS oligos manifest non-G-quartet, non-sequence-specific effects on human aortic SMC, we examined the effects of S-dC28, a 28-mer phosphorothioate cytidine homopolymer, on SMC proliferation induced by several SMC mitogens. S-dC28 significantly inhibited SMC proliferation induced by 10% FBS as well as the mitogens PDGF, bFGF, and EGF without cytotoxicity. Moreover, S-dC28 abrogated PDGF-induced in vitro migration in a modified micro-Boyden chamber. Furthermore, S-dC28 manifested in vivo antiproliferative effects in the rat carotid balloon injury model. S-dC28 suppressed neointimal cross-sectional area by 73% and the intima/media area ratio by 59%. Therefore, PS oligos exert potent non-G-quartet, non-sequence-specific effects on in vitro SMC proliferation and migration as well as in vivo neointimal formation.
The Rh Problem
Authors: John B. Miale
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This book represents the proceedings of an International Symposium on the Prevention and Treatment of Rh Immunization. The papers are divided into four groups. Of these, the first deals with the prevention of Rh immunization, the second with the antepartum assessment of those patients with Rh immunization, the third with the intrauterine treatment of the fetus, while the fourth has to do with various special problems as they relate to Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn. The contributors are authorities in their areas and the subjects are covered in great detail. This book is not recommended for readers who are looking for basic information on Rh immunization. Rather the subject matter is advanced and is brought up to date by the participants. This book is a recommended summary of the advancing knowledge in the prevention and treatment of Rh immunization.
Physicians in South Vietnam
Authors: Phillip L. Poffenbarger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract Protection of the most important natural resource of South Vietnam — men, women, and children — has not received high priority by military and government agencies largely because of more urgent wartime needs and expenditures. Widespread communicable diseases and trauma are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Of the former, tuberculosis may have emerged as the leading offender, probably affecting 10 per cent of the civilian population. War-related trauma has probably affected 0.3 per cent of the population annually since 1964. Several civilian and military agencies are attempting to alleviate in part existing deficits in facilities and manpower. Progress has primarily been impeded by continuing insecurity, by war priorities and to a lesser extent by failure of some foreigners to adapt culturally. Short-term curative approaches to the health-care problem are important, but temporary in effect. Long-term public-health measures should receive highest priority in health-care systems development.
Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of the Incidence of Adverse Events Associated With Cosmetic Dermatologic Procedures
Authors: Murad Alam, Rohit Kakar, Michael Nodzenski, Omer Ibrahim, Wareeporn Disphanurat, Diana Bolotin, Judy H. Borovicka, Natalie Pace, Tina S. Alster, Kenneth A. Arndt, Kenneth R. Beer, Joshua M. Berlin, Leonard J. Bernstein, Lori A. Brightman, Kimberly Butterwick, Sue Ellen Cox, Vera Chotzen, Sabrina G. Fabi, Richard E. Fitzpatrick, Roy G. Geronemus, Mitchel P. Goldman, William F. Groff, Michael S. Kaminer, Suzanne Kilmer, Thomas E. Rohrer, Elizabeth L. Tanzi, Susan K. Silva, Simon S. Yoo, Susan H. Weinkle, John Strasswimmer, Emily Poon, Jeffrey S. Dover
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Common noninvasive to minimally invasive cosmetic dermatologic procedures are widely believed to be safe given the low incidence of reported adverse events, but reliable incidence data regarding adverse event rates are unavailable to date. To assess the incidence of adverse events associated with noninvasive to minimally invasive cosmetic dermatologic procedures, including those involving laser and energy devices, as well as injectable neurotoxins and fillers. A multicenter prospective cohort study (March 28, 2011, to December 30, 2011) of procedures performed using laser and energy devices, as well as injectable neurotoxins and soft-tissue augmentation materials, among 8 geographically dispersed US private and institutional dermatology outpatient clinical practices focused on cosmetic dermatology, with a total of 23 dermatologists. Participants represented a consecutive sample of 20 399 cosmetic procedures. Data acquisition was for 3 months (13 weeks) per center, with staggered start dates to account for seasonal variation. Web-based data collection daily at each center to record relevant procedures, by category type and subtype. Adverse events were detected by (1) initial observation by participating physicians or staff; (2) active ascertainment from patients, who were encouraged to self-report after their procedure; and (3) follow-up postprocedural phone calls to patients by staff, if appropriate. When adverse events were not observed by physicians but were suspected, follow-up visits were scheduled within 24 hours to characterize these events. Detailed information regarding each adverse event was entered into an online form. The main outcome was the total incidence of procedure-related adverse events (total adverse events divided by total procedures performed), as verified by clinical examination. Forty-eight adverse events were reported, for a rate of 0.24% (95% CI, 0.18%-0.31%). Overall, 36 procedures resulted in at least 1 adverse event, for a rate of 0.18% (95% CI, 0.13%-0.25%). No serious adverse events were reported. Adverse events were infrequently associated with known risk factors. Noninvasive to minimally invasive cosmetic dermatologic procedures, including energy, neurotoxin, and filler procedures, are safe when performed by experienced board-certified dermatologists. Adverse events occur in less than 1% of patients, and most of these are minor and transient.
Intestinal transport: studies with isolated epithelial cells
Authors: George A. Kimmich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Isolated intestinal epithelial cells have been extremely useful for characterizing the nature of intestinal absorption processes and for providing insight into the energetics of Na(+)-dependent transport systems. This report describes a number of experimental approaches which have been used for investigating the specific epithelial transport systems involved in sugar absorption, but provides information which ultimately should prove useful for characterizing a number of different intestinal transport events. Similar experiments should also prove useful for exploring the effect of environmental agents on the function of intestinal tissue. In the case of sugars, net absorption is accomplished via a mucosal, Na(+)-dependent concentrative transport system acting in sequence with a passive serosal system which does not require Na(+). The serosal system limits the full gradient-forming capability of the muscosal system. Agents such as phloretin or cytochalasin B which inhibit serosal transport allow the cells to establish sugar gradients as high as 70 fold in contrast to 10-15 fold gradients observed for control cells. Seventy-fold sugar gradients cannot be explained in terms of the energy available in the electrochemical potential for Na(+) if the Na(+):sugar coupling stoichiometry is 1:1 as commonly assumed. New information indicates that the true Na(+):sugar stoichiometry is in fact 2:1. Flow of two Na(+) ions per sugar molecule down the transmembrane electrochemical potential for Na(+) provides more than sufficient energy to account for observed 70 fold sugar gradients. If flow of sugar by other routes could be completely inhibited, theoretical sugar gradients as high as 400 could be achieved assuming that the cells maintain a membrane potential of -36 mV as measured for intact tissue.