tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Visceral Lesion or Disorder, and Mental Disease
Authors: J. Adam
Journal: BMJ (1886)

Pevious Historj.-He had alwNays been healthy.There was no ,euatisgi or skin disease in his -family.He had been very hard worked lately; was a great smoker; by profession, he was a lawyer.v1Presed IUlness.-Fouiteenday-s ago, he noticed a bright red patch on the inhner side of the left thigh, close up to the scrotum ; it was irritable and painful.A few days later, a similar patch appeared on the -corresponding spot on the other thigh ; thence, a few.days later, it ran down both legs to the.knees.When he was first seen, the rash had tbeen out a fortnight, and his condition then was the following.Whete the rash first appeared there was a deep red, almost purple, mottling of-the skin, covered with fine dry scales the part recently attacked was of a bright scarlet, aud where it' was just invading a new district, the surfaca was covered with a raised measly eruption, with no scales at all.In no part was there any trace of moisture, or 4xudation, or sign of pustules.His general health was gobd, and he conti,nued up and abotut for a long time.iHis appetite was particu- Ualy good; the urine was cl6udy, with lithates and oxalates; specific gravity 1034; there was no albumen, but an excess of urea.The bowels were open naturally,; temperature 99°.On Angust 3rd, five weeks after he was first attacked, his condi- tion was as follows.The whole of the trunk, back and front, and both legs, down to the feet, the backs of the hands and the forearms, were co#ered with a dense raised red mottling, varying somewhat in itite'nsity in parts, according to the age of the rash.The skin was everyheire thickened, the natural folds obliterated, so that he felt as if he were encased in leather.The legs and feet pitted deeply, and tle rash faded completely on pressure.So far, the only .partsffot affected were the upper arms and-face.The appetite and genieral health continued good, but he could get no sleep owing to the dis- cpnhforts and burning and tingling.There was no actual painor real itching; -he never wished to scratch himself.His tongue was clean, bowels open, temperature 99.2'.His urine contained much lithates, no albumiien, aind no sugar; it was diminiished in quanltity.August 5th.The face, arms, and every part of him were attackedl the wedema was everywhere increasiing.The face was swollen to an unrecognisable mass; the eyelids would not open.He had intense burning and-throbbing in the palms of the hands.He had no sleep, in spite of sedatives.He was still able to get up, and come down- stairs it a dressing-gown.He had much thirst, and drank freely of lemonade and barley-water.The quanitity of urine was only 30 to 40 ounces.August 12ths.He seemed a little better.-Branny scales were
Invasive &lt;EMPH TYPE="ITAL"&gt;Haemophilus influenzae&lt;/EMPH&gt; Disease in Alaskan Residents Aged 10 Years and Older Before and After Infant Vaccination Programs
Authors: David G. Perdue, Lisa R. Bulkow, Bruce G. Gellin, Michael Davidson, Kenneth M. Petersen, Rosalyn J. Singleton, Alan J. Parkinson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

THE CENTERS FOR DISease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Arctic Investigation Program (AIP) in Anchorage, Alaska, has conducted active surveillance for invasive Haemophilus influenzae throughout Alaska.Early studies revealed that Alaska Native children experienced a rate of invasive H influenzae disease 6 to 10 times that of their nonnative counterparts. 1Statewide H influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination programs, begun in 1991, have led to a decline in the annual incidence of Hib disease in Alaska Natives from 25 to 40 cases to 1 to 3 cases in children younger than 5 years. 2 Of children born in Alaska between 1993 and 1995, 84% received 3 or more doses of Hib conjugate vaccine. 3Immunization rates among Alaska Native children are higher.Between 1994 and 1998, an average of 90% to 95% of urban and 88% to 91% of rural Alaska Native children aged 2 years had received at least 3 doses of Hib conjugate vaccine. 4The impact of Hib vaccine programs on the incidence of H influenzae disease in older Alaskan children and adults has not been evaluated.Previous studies indicate that adult H influenzae disease is not uncommon in immunocompromised persons or patients with certain underlying conditions (eg, chronic lung disease, sple-
Three-Year Follow-up on the Effects of Transdermal Estrogen
Authors: A.M. Parfitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Three-Year Follow-up on the Effects of Transdermal EstrogenA.M. Parfitt, MDA.M. Parfitt, MDUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The demonstration by Drs. Lufkin and Riggs [1] of a significant further gain in bone density of the lumbar spine in the second year of transdermal estrogen therapy is a valuable corrective to the view that this phenomenon is unique to bisphosphonate therapy. However, the authors' conclusion that the mechanism must involve something more than a remodeling transient is premature. They cite an old paper of mine [2] to the effect that the transient lasts no more than 6 months, but this estimate has been superseded. When the remodeling process is considered in three dimensions rather than ...References1. Lufkin EG, Riggs BL. Three-year follow-up on effects of transdermal estrogen [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:77. Google Scholar2. Parfitt AM. Morphologic basis of bone mineral measurements: transient and steady state effects of treatment in osteoporosis [Editorial]. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1980; 4:273-87. Google Scholar3. Parfitt AM. Osteonal and hemi-osteonal remodeling: the spatial and temporal framework for signal traffic in adult human bone. J Cell Biochem. 1994; 55:273-86. Google Scholar4. Frost HM. The origin and nature of transients in human bone remodeling dynamics. In: Frame B, Parfitt AM, Duncan H, eds. Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Bone Disease. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1973:124-40. Google Scholar5. Heaney RP. The bone-remodeling transient: implications for the interpretation of clinical studies of bone mass change. J Bone Miner Res. 1994; 9:1515-23. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A.M. Parfitt, MDAffiliations: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9Page: 742KeywordsBoneBone densityEstrogensFood and Drug AdministrationSpine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Jewish Law and Time of Death-Reply
Authors: Rabbi Moses D. Tendler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> My learned colleague, Rabbi Soloveichik, did not do his homework. The sources we quoted and conclusions reached in our article on brain death are indeed in accurate conformity with Jewish law. Reference 30 (Talmad Tractate Yoma 85A) in our article establishes beyond doubt that cessation of independent respiration, in the presence of other clinical signs of death, is the sole criterion for death. In the reference cited the Talmud ordains the cessation of all life-saving activities on determination that a person trapped in a cave-in is no longer breathing. The Talmud (Yoma 85A) states, "As soon as his nose is uncovered no further examination [of the heart] need be made for it is written in the Bible (Genesis 7): 'all living things who have the breath of life in their nostrils.' " The conclusion is obvious to all unbiased students of Biblical law: the presence or absence of heartbeat
Comment on: Holstein et al. Substantial Increase in Incidence of Severe Hypoglycemia Between 1997–2000 and 2007–2010: A German Longitudinal Population-Based Study. Diabetes Care 2012;35:972–975
Authors: Wolfgang Kerner, Henry Völzke
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Why Holstein et al. (1) report in their current study considerably lower incidences of severe hypoglycemic events in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes is not clear. The authors purport that their study is population based. There is, however, substantial doubt that ascertainment of diabetic patients with severe hypoglycemia was really complete in the region under investigation with 200,000 inhabitants in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany. In the article, incidence of severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes was 11.5 in the first period and 23.4 episodes/100,000 person-years in the second period. In patients with type 2 diabetes 18.5 and 32.6 episodes/100,000 person-years were observed in …
Enuresis in Children.
Authors: Robert T. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1905)

New York, Dec. 30, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial in The Journal of Dec. 24, 1904, and the previous comments on the paper of Dr. J. C. Rey, on the subject of enuresis in children, both seem to leave Hamlet out of the play. Preputial adhesions are so predominantly the cause for enuresis, or at least the precipitating factor, that they might well be referred to in Celtic capitals in "scarehead" proportions in the text of contributions on the subject. Particularly in girls is enuresis dependent on preputial adhesions. It is one of the curiosities of medical literature that the subject of preputial adhesions is dealt with chiefly in reference to boys, while, as a matter of fact, girls need circumcision more frequently than boys for the reason that they are more subject to preputial adhesions than boys are. The more impressionable nervous system of girls responds to the
[344] HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 INHIBITOR INDUCES HEPATIC STELLATE CELL APOPTOSIS VIA SPHINGOMYELINASE- AND NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B-DEPENDENT MECHANISM
Authors: J.H. Yoon, S.T. Myung, W. Kim, J.S. Lee, Y.T. Lee, Y.J. Kim, H.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Staphylococcal Colonization of the Rectum in the Newborn
Authors: D. Barrie
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Placental Localization by Thermography-Millar MEDICALJOURNAL posterior placenta-10 of which occur in the series-may produce insufficient heat emission to be detectable through the anterior abdominal wall.However, no better results are obtained in locating the anteriorly placed placenta.Four cases of placenta praevia are included in the series.Initially, the absence, in placenta praevia cases, of an identifiable placental site on thermography was thought to be significant.However, in two of the cases subsequently demonstrated to be anterior type I placenta praevia, where the bulk of the placenta is in the body of the uterus, no site was demonstrated by thermography (Fig. 4).Although confirmation of the placental site was not obtained, interpretation of the thermographic findings of the remaining patients, who had vaginal deliveries without third-stage com- plications necessitating manual removal, yielded results similar to those described above. ConclusionsThe Pyroscan is an expensive piece of apparatus that operates adequately only under ideal conditions, which are sometimes not easy to attain, and which, though not unpleasant, are not comfortable for the patient.A supply of liquid nitrogen, which requires constant replenishment, is essential in order to cool the heat-sensitive cell of the apparatus, though the latest FIG.
Calcium stimulation of gastrin and gastric acid secretion: effect of small doses of calcium carbonate.
Authors: J Behar, M Hitchings, R D Smyth
Journal: Gut (1977)

Oral calcium carbonate (0-5 g, pH 9-4) increased serum gastrin and gastric acid output with slight but insignificant change in serum calcium. A similar rise in serum calcium during an intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate failed to increase serum gastrin and gastric acid output. Both intragastric calcium actions were abolished by acidification of the calcium carbonate solution (pH 1-0). The increase in serum gastrin and gastric acid output after intragastric calcium carbonate was not affected, however, by a simultaneous intraduodenal acid load. Equivalent neutralising doses of magnesium hydroxide (pH 9-4) did not increase serum gastrin and gastric acid output above basal levels, whereas antral acidification with 20 ml 0-1 N HCl resulted in a slight decrease in serum gastrin. Intraduodenal calcium carbonate (pH 3-0) also increased serum gastrin and gastric acid output, whereas an equivalent volume of intraduodenal saline (pH 3-0) had no effect. These findings indicate that calcium increases serum gastrin by local stimulation of antral and duodenal mucosa. They also suggest that the action of calcium on gastric secretion is partly mediated by gastrin.
Prophylaxis against febrile convulsions.
Authors: D P Addy
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The heterogeneity of fibroblasts in the murine and human lung during homeostasis and disease is increasingly recognized. It remains unclear if the different phenotypes identified to date are characteristic of unique subpopulations with unique progenitors or whether they arise by a process of differentiation from common precursors. Our understanding of this ubiquitous cell type is limited by an absence of well validated, specific, markers with which to identify each cell type and a clear consensus on the distinct populations present in the lung. Here we describe single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on mesenchymal cells from the murine lung throughout embryonic (E) development (E9.5 – 17.5), at post-natal day (P1 – 15), as well as in the adult and the aged murine lungs before and after bleomycin-induced fibrosis. We carried out complementary scRNA-seq on human lung tissue from a P1 lung, a month 21 lung and lung tissue from healthy donors and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The murine and human data were supplemented with publicly available scRNA-seq datasets. We consistently identified lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, mesothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. In addition, we identified a novel population delineated by <i>Ebf1</i> (early B-cell factor 1) expression and an intermediate subtype. Comparative analysis with human mesenchymal cells revealed homologous mesenchymal subpopulations with remarkably conserved transcriptomic signatures. Comparative analysis of changes in gene expression in the fibroblast subpopulations from age matched non-fibrotic and fibrotic lungs in the mouse and human demonstrates that many of these subsets contribute to matrix gene expression in fibrotic conditions. Subtype selective transcription factors were identified and putative divergence of the clusters during development were delineated. Prospective isolation of these fibroblast subpopulations, localization of signature gene markers, and lineage-tracing each cluster are under way in the laboratory. This analysis will enhance our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity in homeostasis and fibrotic disease conditions.
The Skin: A Clinicopathological Treatise
Authors: Elson B. Helwig
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An interval of 13 years separates the second from the first edition. Though new material has been added and about an equal amount deleted, the two editions have much content in common. In the general format, the discussion of each disease includes a definition and clinical description and in many instances a heading on the histology. Much of the text on treatment has been deleted in the second edition. The author has a fluent and engaging style of writing, but the outstanding attribute of the book is the photographs, especially the clinical and gross pictures. The microscopic illustrations are generally excellent, but some are poorly chosen and show poor contrast (keratoacanthoma and pseudo-Darier's disease). A minor irritation is the frequent necessity to shuffle pages to correlate pictures and text. The book remains a highly personal work, and consequently many debatable opinions are expressed without due regard to the majority opinion
Campaign to eradicate polio is funded by charity
Authors: G. Rankine
Journal: BMJ (1995)

multicentre studies, and clinical trials, appropriate referencing systems need to be developed.I propose that use of a study's name instead of named authors, with details of the writing committee and collaborators clearly stated in a footnote on the title page, is self explanatory and the most elegant solution.This would avoid confusion, facilitate the identification of papers from a particular group, and benefit the individual contributors.
Diagnostic Decision
Authors: THOMAS A. RAFFIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Arterial blood gas analysis is used to evaluate oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange and acid-base status. Few studies identify indications for arterial blood gas analysis, especially with regard to optimizing the quality of patient care. General indications in severely ill adults usually include pathophysiologic abnormalities that can alter gas exchange or acid-base disturbances. Most commonly identified general indications have not been prospectively studied to determine if this analysis is necessary for diagnosis or management. Clinical settings where analysis is indicated involve patients with acute asthma in the emergency room, postoperative treatment of patients who have had coronary artery bypass graft surgery, stable patients in the intensive care unit, and patients receiving prophylactic supplemental low-flow oxygen by nasal cannula. Advances in noninvasive monitoring have suggested other possible clinical settings. However, further prospective, controlled clinical studies are needed to establish indications for arterial blood gas analysis and the role of noninvasive monitoring.
Device-Detected Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Predict Adverse Outcome in Real-World Patients With Implantable Biventricular Defibrillators
Authors: Massimo Santini, Maurizio Gasparini, Maurizio Landolina, Maurizio Lunati, Alessandro Proclemer, Luigi Padeletti, Domenico Catanzariti, Giulio Molon, Giovanni Luca Botto, Laura La Rocca, Andrea Grammatico, Giuseppe Boriani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Histopathology of the conduction system in sudden death from coronary heart disease.
Authors: J T Lie
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been attributed to the development of lethal dysrhythmias in coronary heart disease victims, and several recent autopsy surveys showed that 10 to 50% of SCD patients had unsuspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study concerned histopathological findings of the conduction system in 49 SCD (within six hours of the onset of acute symptoms) patients; 39 with established AMI (group A) and ten without (group B). Both groups showed high incidence of cardiomegaly, significant coronary artery disease affecting one or more vessels, and acute myocardial ischemia detectable by specific histological criteria. Stenosis of nutrient vessels of the conduction system was present in about 50% of the atrioventricular (A-V) node arteries and about 25% of the sinoatrial (SA) node arteries in both groups of SCD patients. Nonspecific "degenerative" changes (fibrosis, fatty infiltration, or both) of the conduction tissue, which might or might not represent results of old ischemic injury, also occurred with similar frequencies. Acute changes (infarction, hemorrhage) of the A-V node and bundle branches were found only in two group A patients, both had massive septal infarction. Thus, the conduction tissue appeared more resistant to ischemic injury and was overtly damaged only on rare occasions in fatal AMI. The scarcity of acute lesions in the conduction system itself suggested that lethal dysrhythmia in SCD was probably due to electrical instability of the acutely ischemic contractile myocardium rather than a direct injury to the specialized tissue of the heart.
Mutational screening of phospholamban gene in hypertrophic and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and functional study of the PLN –42 C&gt;G mutation
Authors: Maria Medin, Manuel Hermida‐Prieto, Lorenzo Monserrat, Rafael Laredo, Jose Carlos Rodriguez‐Rey, Xustox Fernandez, Alfonso Castro‐Beiras
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)
Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt.
Authors: N Montano, T G Ruscone, A Porta, F Lombardi, M Pagani, A Malliani
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The powers of the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) oscillations characterizing heart rate variability (HRV) appear to reflect, in their reciprocal relationship, changes in the state of the sympathovagal balance occurring during numerous physiological and pathophysiological conditions. However, no adequate information is available on the quantitative resolution of this methodology.We studied 22 healthy volunteers (median age, 46.5 years) who were subjected after a rest period to a series of passive head-up tilt steps randomly chosen from the following angles: 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. From the continuous ECG, after appropriate analog-to-digital conversion, a personal computer was used to compute, with an autoregressive methodology, time and frequency domain indexes of RR interval variability. Spectral and cross-spectral analysis with the simultaneously recorded respiratory signal excluded its contribution to LF. Age was significantly correlated to variance and to the absolute values in milliseconds squared of very-low-frequency (VLF), LF, and HF components. The tilt angle was correlated to both LF and HF (expressed in normalized units [nu]) and to the LF-to-HF ratio (r = .78, -.72, and .68; respectively). Lower levels of correlation were found with HF (in ms2) and RR interval. No correlation was present between tilt angle and variance, VLF, or LF (in ms2). Individual analysis confirmed that the use of nu provided the greatest consistency of results.Spectral analysis of HRV, using nu or LF-to-HF ratio, appears to be capable of providing a noninvasive quantitative evaluation of graded changes in the state of the sympathovagal balance.
Molecular characterization of antithrombin III (ATIII) variants using polymerase chain reaction. Identification of the ATIII Charleville as an Ala 384 Pro mutation.
Authors: P Molho-Sabatier, M Aiach, I Gaillard, J N Fiessinger, A M Fischer, G Chadeuf, E Clauser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The genes of seven structural mutants of antithrombin III (ATIII), presenting either defective serine protease reactivity or abnormal heparin binding, were analyzed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the corresponding gene exon and the mutation was identified by either dot blot analysis using a battery of allele-specific oligonucleotide probes or sequencing. Variants Paris and Paris 2 were identified as Arg 47 Cys mutations, and Clichy, Clichy 2, and Franconville were found to be Pro 41 Leu mutations. All five are heparin binding-site variants. ATIII Avranches is an Arg 393 His mutation and ATIII Charleville is an Ala 384 Pro mutation. These two mutations impair the reactive site of the molecule. ATIII Charleville is a new mutation of the reactive center, as predicted by previous biochemical data. The position of this new mutation, together with the other previously described mutations of the reactive center, sheds light on the molecular function of this site in inhibiting thrombin. Finally, genomic amplification by PCR is a powerful technique for the fast identification of antithrombin III mutations and their homozygous/heterozygous status, and should be useful for predicting thrombotic risk.