tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence that public-private partnerships can increase funding is “paltry”
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Doctors have been advised to err on the side of caution when considering partnerships with the private sector in the funding of premises or provision of services and to ensure that any new arrangements benefit patients.

A paper produced jointly by an independent health charity, the King's Fund, and the NHS Alliance (which represents primary care groups in England and other parts of the United Kingdom) emphasised that the evidence that public-private partnerships can increase funding and improve services within …
Immunologic and cellular changes accompanying the therapy of pollen allergy
Authors: D. A. Levy, L. M. Lichtenstein, E. O. Goldstein, K. Ishizaka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

We had found previously that children with ragweed hay fever were somewhat less symptomatic after preseasonal immunization with large doses of ragweed pollen extract than were placebo-treated children. To study further the immunologic changes which accompany immunotherapy, these children were treated again the following year. Each patient served as his own control.
Lymphocyte Transformation in the Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasma Infection
Authors: Christopher B. Wilson, Georges Desmonts, Jacques Couvreur, Jack S. Remington
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Approximately 3300 infants born each year in the United States are congenitally infected with toxoplasma.1 Most are asymptomatic during the neonatal period, but many will subsequently have adverse sequelae.2 Treatment during infancy may reduce the subsequent development of adverse sequelae; however, difficulty in establishing the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma infection at that time has hindered studies to determine the efficacy of such treatment. Thus, new methods are needed to establish the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasma infection during the first year of life. Current diagnostic methods are not sufficiently sensitive (e.g., tests for IgM toxoplasma antibodies in blood from infants), are . . .
Early Interim 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Is Prognostically Superior to International Prognostic Score in Advanced-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma: A Report From a Joint Italian-Danish Study
Authors: Andrea Gallamini, Martin Hutchings, Luigi Rigacci, Lena Specht, Francesco Merli, Mads Hansen, Caterina Patti, Annika Loft, Francesco Di Raimondo, Francesco D'Amore, Alberto Biggi, Umberto Vitolo, Caterina Stelitano, Rosario Sancetta, Livio Trentin, Stefano Luminari, Emilio Iannitto, Simonetta Viviani, Ivana Pierri, Alessandro Levis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Starting from November 2001, 260 newly diagnosed patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) were consecutively enrolled in parallel Italian and Danish prospective trials to evaluate the prognostic role of an early interim 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan and the International Prognostic Score (IPS) in advanced HL, treated with conventional ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) therapy.Most patients (n = 190) presented with advanced disease (stages IIB through IVB), whereas 70 presented in stage IIA with adverse prognostic factors. All but 11 patients were treated with standard ABVD therapy followed by consolidation radiotherapy in case of bulky presentation or residual tumor mass. Conventional radiologic staging was performed at baseline. FDG-PET scan was performed at baseline and after two courses of ABVD (PET-2). No treatment change was allowed on the basis of the PET-2 results.After a median follow-up of 2.19 years (range, 0.32 to 5.18 years), 205 patients were in continued complete remission and two patients were in partial remission. Forty-three patients progressed during therapy or immediately after, whereas 10 patients relapsed. The 2-year progression-free survival for patients with positive PET-2 results was 12.8% and for patients with negative PET-2 results was 95.0% (P < .0001). In univariate analysis, the treatment outcome was significantly associated with PET-2 (P < .0001), stage IV (P < .0001), WBC more than 15,000 (P < .0001), lymphopenia (P < .001), IPS as a continuous variable (P < .0001), extranodal involvement (P < .0001), and bulky disease (P = .012). In multivariate analyses, only PET-2 turned out to be significant (P < .0001).PET-2 overshadows the prognostic value of IPS and emerges as the single most important tool for planning of risk-adapted treatment in advanced HL.
Case of Spontaneous Obliteration of the Axillary Artery
Authors: W. S. Oke
Journal: BMJ (1842)

OBLTTERATION OP THE AXILLARY ARTERY. 51 ing this account, but to disseminate the knowledge of the contagio,us nature of puerperal fever, and add my humble mite to the stock of knowledge of the causes from which it may arise.I have no theory to establish, alnd have merely added these few observations to the cases, that the subject might be more intelligible than a bare relation of the cases alone wvould have made it.Should the account ever prove a means of averting a similar calamity, I shall be amply repaid for the slight trouible of investigating the subject in this instance, and giving the results.None of nly brother prac.titioners in the tonrn had a case.Doncaster, April 13, 1842.
THE EFFECT OF LEFT ANTERIOR LINE ABLATION ON LEFT ATRIAL CONTRACTILITY IN CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Sung-Won Jang, Yong-Seog Oh, Jae-Sun Uhm, Min-Seok Choi, Dong-Bin Kim, Woo-Seung Shin, Eun Joo Cho, Ji-Hoon Kim, Man-Young Lee, Tai-Ho Rho, Jae-Hyung Kim, Chun Hwang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Size on Unipolar Defibrillation System Efficacy
Authors: Gregory K. Jones, Jeanne E. Poole, Peter J. Kudenchuk, G. Lee Dolack, George Johnson, Paul DeGroot, Marye J. Gleva, Merritt Raitt, Gust H. Bardy
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The active can unipolar implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has been shown to defibrillate efficiently, but its current 80-cc size limits use in the pectoral position in many patients. Decreasing can size will facilitate pectoral insertion and will soon be feasible as an inevitable consequence of technological advancements. However, decreasing the can size has the potential to compromise unipolar defibrillation efficacy. It is the purpose of this study, therefore, to prospectively and randomly compare unipolar defibrillation efficacy with 80-cc, 60-cc, and 40-cc can sizes in patients immediately before ICD surgery in anticipation of advances in technology that will make smaller ICDs possible. Methods and Results Twenty-four consecutive patients underwent prospective, randomized evaluation of the effect of ICD can size on defibrillation efficacy during standard ICD surgery. Each patient had the unipolar defibrillation threshold (DFT) measured with 80-cc, 60-cc, or 40-cc active can placed in the left subcutaneous infraclavicular region. The system included a 10.5F tripolar right ventricular electrode that served as the shock anode. The shock waveform used in each instance was a single capacitor biphasic 65% tilt pulse delivered from a 120-μF capacitor. Stored energy at the DFT for the 80-cc, 60-cc, and 40-cc cans were 8.1±4.7 J, 8.7±5.8 J, and 9.5±4.8 J, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between the DFTs for the three unipolar can electrodes ( P =.39). Leading edge voltage also did not differ significantly among the three unipolar cans (356±92 V, 365±110 V, and 387±94 V, respectively, P =.29). There was, however, a slight progressive increase in resistance with decreasing can size (57±7 Ω, 60±7 Ω, and 65±9 Ω, respectively, P &lt;.001). Conclusions Decreasing can volume from 80 cc to 60 cc to 40 cc does not compromise unipolar defibrillation efficacy despite a slight rise in shock resistance. These findings indicate that technological advances that allow for smaller-volume ICDs will not compromise defibrillation efficacy for unipolar systems.
Trends in Pulmonary Tuberculosis during Fifty Years at Rutland State Sanatorium
Authors: Macey Kronick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THIS was the first state sanatorium for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis to be established in the United States. The project was planned in 1895, and the opening took place fifty years ago, in 1898.1 Many similar institutions were modeled after this one, which was considered quite an achievement at the time.In a review of the yearly reports2 and records of the half century many interesting facts bring out certain trends in pulmonary tuberculosis, most of which apply to this sanatorium but some of which may be found elsewhere in the country.AdmissionsDuring the fifty-year period, this sanatorium . . .
Hypoglycemia and Death in Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Paul M. Copeland, David B. Herzog
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

Several deaths in patients with anorexia nervosa have been ascribed to 'inanition'. The proximate cause of death from inanition has not been established. There are few previous reports of life-threatening hypoglycemia in anorexia nervosa. We participated in the care of two severely cachectic women with anorexia nervosa who were in coma with serum glucose levels of 8 and 14 mg/dl, respectively. Both patients became alert after administration of intravenous glucose. Both were found to have pneumonia at the time of the hypoglycemic event. While the mechanism of the hypoglycemia is unknown, it may be related to the suppression of gluconeogenesis by infection in the setting of reduced substrate, depleted fat stores and decreased catecholamine release.
Geometric remodeling is not the principal pathogenetic process in restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Evidence from correlative angiographic-histomorphometric studies of atherosclerotic arteries in rabbits.
Authors: S D Gertz, L W Gimple, S Banai, M Ragosta, E R Powers, W C Roberts, L S Perez, I J Sarembock
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Restenosis after balloon angioplasty of coronary arteries is thought to be a proliferative response of the arterial wall to injury. Recently, it has been suggested that geometric remodeling of the arterial wall, rather than intimal fibromuscular hyperplasia, may be the major pathophysiological mechanism underlying restenosis. In this study, we evaluated the relative contribution of a geometric decrease in arterial size versus neointimal growth to luminal narrowing associated with restenosis after balloon angioplasty of atherosclerotic femoral arteries in rabbits. METHODS AND RESULTS Focal femoral atherosclerosis was induced by endothelial desiccation injury followed by a 2% cholesterol diet. After 1 month on the high cholesterol diet, the animals were subjected to one of four strategies: (1) balloon angioplasty, (2) balloon angioplasty followed by treatment with the factor Xa inhibitor antistasin, (3) combined laser and balloon angioplasty, or (4) no angioplasty. Animals were killed 2 hours or 28 days after angioplasty, and excised femoral artery segments were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. Angiography was performed serially before and immediately after angioplasty and before the animals were killed. An initial postprocedural gain in luminal diameter at sites of angioplasty was followed by a significant reduction in diameter by angiography and a significant increase in luminal cross-sectional area narrowing by plaque by histomorphometry 28 days after angioplasty compared to adjacent nonangioplastied segments of the same arteries, to nonangioplastied control arteries, or to angioplastied segments of animals treated with the factor Xa inhibitor antistasin. By contrast, the overall arterial size (cross-sectional area bounded by the external elastic lamina) at sites of restenosis was not significantly different from adjacent nonangioplastied segments in the majority of arteries excised at 28 days, and the mean overall arterial size at sites of restenosis was not significantly different from corresponding segments of nonangioplastied control arteries or from angioplastied segments of animals treated with antistasin. In the minority of angioplastied arteries in which the arterial size did change, most got larger. CONCLUSIONS Geometric remodeling resulting in a decrease in overall cross-sectional arterial size does not appear to be the principal pathogenetic mechanism for restenosis after balloon angioplasty with or without laser in this experimental model.
Lenticular and Corneal Opacities During Phenothiazine Therapy
Authors: Joseph A. Barsa
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An eye examination was performed on 658 patients from the service for chronically disturbed women. Visual acuity and ocular tension were tested and slit-lamp biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopic examination were also performed. All except seven patients were receiving or had received one or more phenothiazine derivatives. Slitlamp biomicroscopy revealed characteristic opacities of the lens and cornea in 33 patients and opacities of the lens alone in 145 patients. Thus, 27% of the patients had opacities. Although chlorpromazine may be the drug most responsible for these ocular opacities, other phenothiazine derivatives are also capable of producing them. There seems to be a correlation between duration of phenothiazine therapy and the severity of the lens and cornea changes. All patients receiving prolonged phenothiazine therapy should have periodic eye examinations.
Observations ON THE TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE ABDOMEN: WITH A SUMMARY OF 500 CASES SEEN IN AN ADVANCED CASUALTY CLEARING STATION
Authors: A. L. Lockwood, C. M. Kennedy, R. B. Macfie, S. F. A. Charles
Journal: BMJ (1917)

OST articles publislhed on wounds of the abdomen begin witlh a tieatise on the effect produced by various pro- jectiles, at various distances, on various organs, and evolving tlheories tlherefor.Ignoring this interesting study, we are going to describe "gunslhot wounds of the abdomnen" as seen in soime 500 cases admitted to an advaniced casualty clearing station wlhile active fighting vas in proe,re'ss, referrinjg particularly to their condition on arrival in hospital, indications for operative or pallia- tive treatment, anti operative and post-operative measures carried out, and the results and conclusions arrived at.GENERAL CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH PATIENTS WERE RECEIVED AND TREATED.Our unlit was the mnost advanced casualty clearing station in tlle area during the time wlhen these cases were admi itted.In quieter timries ou1r cases usually arrived witliin five lhours after being wvounded.but tllese 500 cases were admlitted wllile active figlhting was in progress-tlhe tiimie wlhen m-ost cases of sucll a nature occur-anid because of thle difficulties of evacuating woounded and the rush of otlher cases in an advanced casualty clearing station during such pressure the treatmiient of wouLnded and tlle results should be studied entirely separate from wounds seen during ordinary trenclh warfare.During the tiie whiclh tlhis atticle embraces our cases never arrived earlier than nine to ten houLrs after being wvounded, usually it was twelve to fifteen hours and often thirty.sixto forty hours.Cases of gunislhot wounds of the abdomen " came in ruslhes witlh a large number of otlher cases-in one night, between 9 and 12 p.m., 36 cases of abdominal wounds were admitted, besides 60 other cases requiring operation; this vas at the end-of four days' continual ruslh of wounded.Two tables were devoted to these 36 abdominal cases, and 32 of them were operated on-tlhe remaining four were moribund and died some hours after admission; all were intra-abdominal condlitions.Obviously cases treated under such conditions must be studied quite apart from cases treated in areas where active figlhting is not continually being carried on.Working under this pressure, 710 cases diagnosed as "gunslhot wounds of the abdomen " were admitted, of whiell 500 were consideted lhere as intra-abdominal lesions; 356 were operated upon and 144 left; of the 144 left, 6 were not operated on because, in spite of the -act that they were apparently tlhrough-and-tljrouglh wounds, they di(d not present sufficient intra-abdomiinal disturbanee to make operation necessary; the remaining 138 were moribund and all died within a slhort time after being admitted, except 12 cases whliicl developed faecal fl&tula-8 of these were evacuated and 4 died.
GONORRHEA IN THE MALE.
Authors: J. O. MALSBURY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Gonorrhea is an acute, specific, infectious, systemic disease, with a local manifestation and systemic reaction. I am well aware that this statement is in variance with the almost universal statement of authors, but not so completely so with the clinician and more especially with the patient or victim. The victim of this disease, if allowed to tell his story, will give a history in the mild cases, which are but slightly infectious, of an aching in the limbs and back, just at the time of agglutination of the meatus, which, by the way, is a sign that precedes by some twenty-four hours the tingling or itching in the end of the penis, or the pearly drop so often spoken of. This acute symptom or aching will subside, usually, with the appearance of the discharge, when the local symptom (discharge) becomes the marked one, in fact the only manifest symptom. This
Severe Vomiting in Pregnancy: Miscarriage: Death, with Remarks
Authors: P. Horrocks
Journal: BMJ (1885)

instance, in certain forms of chronic heart-disease-how is it that this remedy, when administered to patients in those special conditions which we have been considering, fails to be a remedy-proves to be, for the occasion at any rate, powerless ?Several years ago, Dr. Lauder Brunton, while studying the effect which high temperature in fever would have upon the vagus nerve, and the way in which this might modify the action of the remedies then employed, surmised that possibly the failure of digitalis to act upon the pulse, as observed by Thomas, might be due to paralysis of the inhibitory apparatus in the heart, through which the vagus acts upon it; and he pertormed experiments in order to test the truth of this supposition.The expe- riments were made oii rabbits ; but as these animals were found, from the natural quickness of their pulse, not so suitable for the investiga- tion, Dr. Brunton has recently, in conjunction with Dr. Theodore Cash, repeated the experiments on the cat, in wlhich animal, as in man, the inhibitory influence of the inedullary vagus centre is more marked.Omitting details, which will be found in the Practitioner for October last, I feel I cannot do better than give the conclusion at which these observers arrived in their own words-namely, "that a high temperature lessens the inhibitory power of the vagus centre in the medulla to such an extent that digitalis, and probably all drugs which act like digitalis on this centre, lose, to a great extent, their power to restrain the action of the heart and slow the pulse.The administration of digitalis, or of drugs which act like it, to patients in a febrile condition is, therefore, likely to have much less effect on
Reduction of sebum excretion in man by the antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate
Authors: J.L. BURTON, URSULA LASCHET, SAM SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

The effect of systemic cyproterone acetate on sebaceous activity was studied in twenty male patients being tested for sexual offences. In every patient the sebum excretion rate (SER) was below the mean SER of untreated normal male subjects of the same age, and the mean SER for the treated male patients was significantly lower than in a control group of normal females. The degree of reduction in SER produced by cyproterone acetate confirms that androgen is a major sebotrophic factor in the human male.
Clinical implications of IgA rheumatoid factor subclasses.
Authors: T Jonsson, H Thorsteinsson, S Arinbjarnarson, J Thorsteinsson, H Valdimarsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVES--To evaluate the diagnostic and pathogenetic significance of IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) subclasses in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS--Rheumatoid factors of the IgA class and IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 58 patients with RA, 31 patients with other rheumatic diseases, 30 non-rheumatic individuals with increased concentrations of IgA RF, and in 100 randomly selected healthy controls. RESULTS--Using a 95% cut off for the controls, 55% of the RA patients had increased total IgA RF, 64% IgA1 RF, and 60% IgA2 RF. RA patients with extraarticular manifestations more often had increased concentrations of IgA RF and both subclasses than patients without such manifestations (p &lt; or = 0.01). Nearly all (31/32) RA patients with increased IgA RF had increases in both IgA RF subclasses, compared with 67% (20/30 of nonrheumatic symptom free individuals with increased IgA RF (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION--Increased concentrations of the IgA2 RF subclass appears to be more specific for RA than increased IgA1 RF. Measurement of IgA RF subclasses may be clinically useful.
Consensus pending on renal transplantation in children
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Should young children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) be treated with long-term hemodialysis, transplantation of a kidney from a cadaver donor, or a transplant from a living related donor (LRD)? Indeed, question some, given the uncertain outcome of all available treatments in terms of survival and quality of life, should these small patients be treated at all? The controversy continues, but mounting evidence seems to favor vigorous treatment.<i>Which</i>treatment promises a longer and better life for the afflicted child remains to be determined. In a poster session at the recent National Kidney Foundation meeting in Chicago, William E. Harmon, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School, Boston, presented a comparative study of long-term dialysis, cadaveric transplantation, and LRD transplantation. The study encompassed 21 children treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, where Harmon is director of the dialysis unit. In a previous study of 120 children
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Associated With
Authors: Otto F. Sieber
Journal: JAMA (1967)

MUCOCUTANEOUS DISEASES, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Behcet's syndrome, have been attributed to a variety of inciting factors<sup>1,2</sup>including drug allergies, infectious agents, and foods. The most prevalent view has been that some form of hypersensitivity results in the typical mucocutaneous lesions. The seasonal nature of this illness in the Denver area, however, has suggested an infectious etiology, but no single infectious agent has been consistently demonstrable with this disease. Equally impressive has been the frequent finding of pneumonitis in reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.<sup>3</sup> In 1964, Ludlam et al<sup>3</sup>suggested an association of<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Using a complement-fixing (CF) antibody technique as a serological screening test, they consistently noted a high level of antibody in children with various clinical manifestations of this syndrome. For these reasons we have searched for<i>M pneumoniae</i>in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In the following report a young soldier
Comparison of the effcts of propranolol (Prop) and placebo (Pla) on variceal pressure (VP) and hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) in cirrhosis
Authors: F Feu, JM Bordas, A Luca, I Cirera, O Pereira, P Pizcueta, JC García-Pagán, J Bosch, J Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Surveillance Strategies after Curative Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: David G. Pfister, Al B. Benson, Mark R. Somerfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 63-year-old man underwent complete resection of a T3N0M0, stage II adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. No adjuvant therapy is planned. There is no family history of colorectal cancer. How should he be followed?