tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tc-99m Tetrofosmin SPECT in Coronary Cameral Fistula
Authors: Louis Sibille, Vincent Boudousq, Camille Soullier, Michel Rossi, Denis Mariano-Goulart
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 60-year-old man with diabetes mellitus was referred for Tc-99m tetrofosmin stress/rest SPECT screening test for occult coronary artery disease. SPECT revealed a partially reversible perfusion defect in the apex and distal anterior and distal septal segments. Coronary angiography indicated a left anterior descending artery occlusion on his third segment with a fistula leading to the right ventricle. From these results, the patient was diagnosed as having a coronary cameral fistula with limited myocardial ischemia around a small necrotic area.
Measurement of Pulse Reappearance Time in Diagnosis of Peripheral Vascular Disease in Diabetes
Authors: Karl H Vogelberg, Wolfgang Stork
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Forty-eight patients (20 diabetic, 28 nondiabetic) with angiographically confirmed peripheral vascular disease (PVD) were examined to discover whether the measurement of pulse reappearance time (PRT) during reactive hyperemia is a more useful method than the measurement of peripheral systolic blood pressure (ankle pressure index; API) for making a specific diagnosis of PVD. Specific diagnosis refers to the degree and localization of occlusive atherosclerosis determined by Doppler ultrasound techniques for both measurements. We found that PRT and API both provided accurate qualitative proof of a peripheral blood flow deficit in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. However, in relation to the angiographically defined degree and localization of sclerotic lesions, there were significant differences. The sclerotic degree of occlusive PVD in diabetic subjects was correlated with the results of the PRT (P &amp;lt; .001), whereas the API was not (P &amp;gt; .05). The occlusion localization could only be distinguished by PRT measurements in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Compared with control subjects (4.1 s) the half-maximum PRT of blood flow velocity was delayed in stenotic PVD to 5.7 s, in occlusive PVD of the upper leg to 14.3 s, in occlusive PVD of the lower leg to 29.6 s, and in multilevel disease to 45.0 s (P &amp;lt; .0005 vs. control). The results show that Doppler sonographic measurement of the peripheral systolic blood pressure is only useful for an overall diagnosis of PVD in diabetic subjects, whereas PRT measurement, by quantifying the degree and localization of sclerotic lesions, can be used additionally either to confirm or to specify this diagnosis.
DEMONSTRATION OF BASAL CELL IMMUNOFLUORKSCENCE IN DRUG-INDUCED TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS
Authors: KENNETH M. STEIN, OTTO L. A. SCHLAPPNER, CHARLES L. HEATON, JAMES W. DKCHERD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— In 2 patients with toxic epidermal necrolysls due to penicillin and chlorpromazlne respectively, direct immunofluorescent studies revealed intercellular fixation of immunoglobulins and complement globulins confined to the basal cell Kiyer of the epidermis. These findings suggest that the drug binds to intercellular epidermal protein and that the basal cells are the target site of cellular damage in drug-induced epidermal necrolysls.
Increased Susceptibility to Pulmonary Hypertension in Heterozygous BMPR2-Mutant Mice
Authors: Yanli Song, John E. Jones, Hideyuki Beppu, John F. Keaney, Joseph Loscalzo, Ying-Yi Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 (BMPR2)–heterozygous, mutant ( BMPR2 +/− ) mice have a genetic trait similar to that of certain patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). To understand the role of BMPR2 in the development of IPAH, we examined the phenotype of BMPR2 +/− mice and their response to inflammatory stress. Methods and Results— BMPR2 +/− mice were found to have the same life span, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and lung histology as those of wild-type mice under unstressed conditions. However, when treated with recombinant adenovirus expressing 5-lipoxygenase (Ad5LO), BMPR2 +/− mice exhibited significantly higher RVSP than wild-type mice. The increase of RVSP occurred in the first 2 weeks after Ad5LO delivery. Modest but significant muscularization of distal pulmonary arterioles appeared in BMPR2 +/− mice 4 weeks after Ad5LO treatment. Measurement of urinary metabolites of vasoactive molecules showed that cysteinyl leukotrienes, prostacyclin metabolites, and PGE 2 were all increased to a similar degree in both BMPR2 +/− and wild-type mice during 5LO transgene expression, whereas urinary endothelin-1 remained undetectable. Urinary thromboxane A 2 metabolites, in contrast, were significantly higher in BMPR2 +/− than in wild-type mice and paralleled the increase in RVSP. Platelet activation markers, serotonin, and soluble P-selectin showed a trend toward higher concentrations in BMPR2 +/− than wild-type mice. Cell culture studies found that BMP treatment reduced interleukin-1β–stimulated thromboxane A 2 production in the pulmonary epithelial cell line A549. Conclusions— BMPR2 +/− mice do not develop pulmonary hypertension spontaneously; however, under inflammatory stress, they are more susceptible to an increase in RVSP, thromboxane A 2 production, and vascular remodeling than wild-type mice.
Role of retinoic acid in the stability of the T-helper-type 1 lineage and implications for autoimmunity
Authors: Chrysothemis Brown, Daria Esterhazy, Aurelien Sarde, Venu Pullabhatla, Mariya London, Matthew Arno, Emanuele de Rinaldis, Daniel Mucida, Graham Lord, Randolph Noelle
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
EDITH SHOVE, M.B.Lond
Authors: M. Scharlieb
Journal: BMJ (1929)

~~~~~, ~~~~~~~~~~.L ME~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'%)'I)ICAL JOt RN-A11L To very many people lie will be, best remembered as the p1 esitent of thie Child Stulv Society.He w-as-almost alwaiys present at tlie meetings of that bodv and at confer- eiees in, whlich it took part, anid his old-world piLcturesque- ness, as well as great personial chlarm and dignity of Mann.IIerI, Marked hinm out iin aniv gathering of men.His genial coniti-ibutionls to discussion were always well worth hiearinig.'l'his was onlv one of many social anid educa-
Evidence, pain, and the poor old NHS
Authors: A. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eighteen months ago I suddenly developed severe pain in my left buttock, leg, and foot. It quickly became so severe that a friend drove me to the nearest cottage hospital—I was staying in the country at the time. Sciatica was diagnosed, and I was sent away with four pethidine tablets. My GP, consulted in London the next day, prescribed bed rest, analgesics, diazepam, and diclofenac, referred me for physiotherapy and an x ray examination, and reassured me that I would get better in a few weeks.

Three weeks later the pain was intense and unremitting. I had to give a paper at a conference, and a medical colleague, spotting me lying on the floor in agony, arranged a scan. This showed what was described as a “nice” prolapsed disc. Again I was told that it would get better in a few weeks.

> Why is there so little coherent knowledge about effective treatment regimens? 

By this time, friends had advised an array of self help techniques, including …
Live Oral Poliovirus Vaccine, Type III
Authors: Phillip E. Winter
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Early fears that live oral poliovirus vaccine, monovalent type III might produce disease in the young adult group have not been borne out in the military population. The US Army has administered type III live oral poliovirus vaccine to more than 3.5 million young adults since 1963. The vaccine initially used was monovalent, given four to six weeks after type I monovalent vaccine in either one of two schedules. Since 1966 trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine has been given either as two doses eight or more weeks apart or as two doses four weeks apart followed by a third dose eight or more weeks later. Since June 1964, no cases of paralytic polio have been reported in US Army personnel. During this same period several hundred thousand adult military dependents also received the vaccine. No vaccine-associated cases have been reported to us from among this group. Therefore, it
Germinal center B cells lack homing receptors necessary for normal lymphocyte recirculation.
Authors: R A Reichert, W M Gallatin, I L Weissman, E C Butcher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Germinal center B cells (GCLC) are a discrete population of antigen-activated lymphoblasts that lack surface IgD and express abundant cell surface binding sites for peanut agglutinin (PNA). These phenotypic features render GCLC easily distinguishable from nearly all plasma cells, T cells, and unstimulated B cells, and have enabled us to identify and isolate GCLC from antigen-stimulated murine lymphoid organs. We have examined the migratory properties of these lymphoblasts in (a) short-term in vivo homing studies, and (b) an in vitro assay of lymphocyte binding to post-capillary, high endothelial venules (HEV) in frozen sections of Peyer's patches and peripheral lymph nodes. In the in vivo experiments, intravenously injected GCLC failed to migrate in significant numbers to peripheral lymphoid organs in comparison with T cells or IgD+ B cells. In the in vitro binding assay, GCLC did not adhere to HEV in either Peyer's patch or peripheral node sections. A variety of factors, such as preferential sequestration in the liver, may operate in vivo to influence the localization of these cells. However, their nearly total failure to migrate into lymphoid organs can best be explained by their inability to recognize and adhere to the specialized HEV which normally mediate the emigration of recirculating lymphocytes from the blood into these sites. The concept that GCLC fail to express functional homing receptors for HEV has been further supported by studies using MEL-14, a monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the lymphocyte surface receptor for peripheral node HEV: In contrast to most peripheral lymphocytes, GCLC fail to bind MEL-14. These migratory and endothelial-recognition properties of GCLC, when viewed in the context of the possible role of these cells as precursors of plasma cells and/or memory B cells, have led us to propose that the inability of GCLC to recognize HEV may be transient and related to a phase of sessile B cell differentiation.
Elevated levels of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum during acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Michiko Shindo, Tadao Okuno, Ken Arai, Masayuki Matsumoto, Makoto Takeda, Tatsuro Takino, Yoshihiro Sokawa
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

We measured 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum of 14 HBsAg- and HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B with or without acute exacerbation. Elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were found in seven chronic hepatitis B patients with acute exacerbation, whereas in the remaining seven chronic hepatitis B patients without acute exacerbation, both levels were similar to those of normal subjects despite active hepatitis B virus multiplication. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum, which were not statistically different from those of normal subjects prior to acute exacerbation, increased during acute exacerbation from 3- to 23-fold over initial levels following elevations in ALT activity. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase levels fluctuated over a normal range while ALT levels were elevated, and they returned to a baseline with ALT normalization. This suggests that the in vivo interferon system may be activated during acute exacerbation, and that this activation may not be a result of hepatitis B virus multiplication alone, but also of a host-immune response to hepatitis B virus multiplication. Three patients were treated with interferon during acute exacerbation. All three had elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum just before treatment. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase levels increased only 1.1- to 2.2-fold over initial levels during treatment, with none of the patients clearing HBeAg during and after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel nonsynonymous variant of matrix metalloproteinase-7 confers risk of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Tzu-Min Hung, Shin C. Chang, Wei-Hsuan Yu, Yu-Wen Wang, Cheng Huang, Shao-Chun Lu, Po-Huang Lee, Ming-Fu Chang
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Liver cirrhosis is characterized by progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix following chronic liver injuries. In the extracellular space, the constant turnover of liver matrix is regulated by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) class of enzyme. To assess whether genetic variations in MMP would result in diversity of liver cirrhosis, a case-control study of 320 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, with or without cirrhosis, was conducted. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphism markers from four potential fibrosis-associated genes were selected for genotyping. Among these genes, a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism which generates the variation of Gly-137 and Asp-137 in the MMP-7 gene was found to be strongly associated with the development of liver cirrhosis. In contrast to MMP-7(Gly-137) that predominantly secretes out into the cell culture medium, the cirrhosis-associated MMP-7(Asp-137) variant is preferentially localized on the extracellular membranes where it exerts its proteolytic activity on pericellular substrates. Functional analysis demonstrated an increased ability of the MMP-7(Asp-137) variant to associate with the cell surface CD151 molecule. In wound-healing and Boyden chamber assays, cell motility was specifically enhanced with the expression of MMP-7(Asp-137) as compared to the cells expressing MMP-7(Gly-137). These results demonstrate that the MMP-7(Asp-137) variant confers a gain-of-function phenotype for MMP-7.We have identified a novel genetic association of MMP-7(Asp-137) variant with liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Whether the MMP-7 variant can be a new marker for liver cirrhosis will be further studied.
NON-ALCOHOLIC TREATMENT OF CONSUMPTION.
Authors: O. G. PLACE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

long that should be must depend upon those in charge of him; and when that restraint is enforced for a suitable time it is often surprising to witness the recovery of mind and body under it.It is true that the inebriate is not in the strict sense of the term a lunatic.The church looks upon him as a sinner, the state as a criminal, while the observing physician knows that he has lost his power of self-control, is ruining his health, shortening his life, squandering his property, and oftentimes in his delirium commits acts of violence against those most dear to him.It may be said that the disease was caused by his own act.True, but that does not absolve the State from responsibility.Is he dangerous to himself and others?He certainly is, and therefore he deserves the same care as a lunatic.While restraint is necessary I deem it highly im- proper that the inebriate should be associated with lunatics.The government receiving a very large income from the material causing the evil should be forced to supply and support hospitals for the cure of the disease-such hospitals stand upon a different footing from others, and it is obviously unfair for the private individual to be taxed for the support of them, beyond that which he willingly pays consequent upon the tax upon the material producing the disease.Such hospitals should be established in a pleasant district in the country, built in cottage form, so as to receive the different classes and sexes, and so fenced as to prevent escape.Those who can not pay should be compelled to work at fixed wages, the proceeds of which-deducting the amount for their board-should be paid to those dependent upon them.The present practice of imposing a heavy fine upon the inebriate is cruel in the extreme, inasmuch as it does not fall upon the offender but upon the unfortunate wife and family, already beggared by the selfish creature's act.Again, the imprisonment imposed has the effect of recouping him for another debauch.Dr. Norman Kerr claims that 40,000 die yearly from inebriety in London and that one-third of those could be cured by proper isolation and treatment.I
Systemic Corticosteriod Rapidly Reverses Bronchodilator Subsensitivity Induced by Formoterol in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: KIA SOONG TAN, ALISON GROVE, ALEC McLEAN, YVONNE GNOSSPELIUS, IAN P. HALL, BRIAN J. LIPWORTH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

There is evidence that downregulation and desensitization of airway β2-adrenoceptors ( β2-AR) develops after continuous exposure to long-acting β2-agonists such as formoterol and salmeterol. To investigate the facilitatory effects of acute administration of systemic corticosteroid on bronchodilator subsensitivity, as might occur in the setting of acute asthma, 12 subjects with moderately severe asthma, with a mean FEV1 of 66% predicted, of whom were all receiving inhaled corticosteriod, were randomized to receive either inhaled placebo (PL) or inhaled formoterol (FM) 24 μ g twice daily for 4 wk in a double-blind crossover study. Subjects were also genotyped in terms of β2-AR polymorphism at loci 16 and 27. A dose–response curve (DRC) and duration-time profile for FM (12 to 108 μ g) was produced 1 h after administration of placebo tablets and after injection at 3 wk, and 1 h after administration of oral prednisolone, 50 mg, and intravenous hydrocortisone, 200 mg, at 4 wk. Comparisons between treatments were made with area-under-curve (AUC) measurements as the change from baseline. There was a significant rightward shift in the DRC after FM as opposed to placebo for Δ FEV1 (as AUC, L · h): 2.51 versus 4.22 (95% CI: 0.54 to 2.89; p = 0.01) and Δ FEF25–75 (as AUC, L × 103): 11.30 versus 19.94 (95% CI: 2.12 to 15.12; p = 0.01). This was significantly reversed by steroid (S) for FEV1 (FM versus FM + S): 2.51 versus 3.57 (95% CI: 0.11 to 2.27; p = 0.03) and for FEF25–75: 11.30 versus 18.47 (95% CI: 2.52 to 11.70; p = 0.005). Lymphocyte β2-AR density (log Bmax; fmol/106 cells) showed significant upregulation 3 h after steroid (FM + S versus FM): 0.34 versus 0.24 (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.18; p = 0.01). For heart-rate response (as AUC, beats), there was subsensitivity with FM versus PL: 2,700 versus 5,200 (95% CI: 40 to 5,000; p < 0.001), and this was reversed by steroid (FM + S versus FM): 9,600 versus 2,700 (95% CI: 4,900 to 8,800; p < 0.001). This reversal by systemic corticosteroid appears to be generally independent of β2-AR polymorphism at loci 16 and 27. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that bronchodilator subsensitivity occurs after regular inhaled FM in asthmatic patients, and is rapidly reversed by systemic corticosteroid. Thus, in acute asthma, systemic corticosteroid should be administered a soon as possible, in order to restore normal airway β2-AR sensitivity, particularly in patients who are receiving regular long-acting β2-agonists.
Intensive care unit mortality after cardiac arrest: the relative contribution of shock and brain injury in a large cohort
Authors: Virginie Lemiale, Florence Dumas, Nicolas Mongardon, Olivier Giovanetti, Julien Charpentier, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Pierre Carli, Jean-Paul Mira, Jerry Nolan, Alain Cariou
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Chronic Postmyelographic Headache
Authors: Mark C. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THERE is abundant clinical as well as theoretical evidence that headaches after lumbar puncture and myelography are due to traction on pain-sensitive intracranial tissues, such as meninges and cerebral blood vessels, because of lowered intracranial pressure caused by leakage of spinal fluid through the dural puncture site. The evidence for this mechanism rests on the relief of pain by release of traction through recumbency, the demonstration of an extra-arachnoid pool of spinal fluid when air encephalography or myelography are attempted after a previous lumbar puncture, cerebrospinal fluid leaks from the site of a previous lumbar puncture (observed at subsequent laminectomy) and data provided by scintigrams of the circulation of radioactive isotopes injected into the cerebrospinal subarachnoid space. Postlumbar puncture headache might be expected to occur more frequently following myelography, when the relatively large spinal needle (18-gauge) is left in situ for the duration of the study. Autologous blood patches have
Hay Fever Therapy
Authors: C. Raymond Zeiss, R. Patterson, J. J. Pruzansky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 April 1972Hay Fever TherapyC. RAYMOND ZEISS, M.D., R. PATTERSON, M.D., J. J. PRUZANSKY, PH.D.C. RAYMOND ZEISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. PATTERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. J. PRUZANSKY, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-4-667 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The report by Lichtenstein, Norman, and Winkenwerder, "A Single Year of Immunotherapy for Ragweed Hay Fever" [Ann Intern Med 75:663-671, 1971], leaves certain points that could be clarified.The abstract states, "Treatment with either crude ragweed or purified antigens showed a significant amelioration of symptoms." For the readers of the abstract this would imply efficacy of ragweed immunotherapy. In the discussion it is concluded that "immunotherapy is not now effective enough to call for widespread use". For the reader who is not a specialist in allergic diseases these statements could be confusing. The authors may wish to...References1. SADAN N, RHYNE M, and MELLITS O: Immunotherapy of pollinosis in children: an investigation of the immunological basis of clinical improvement. N Engl J Med 280:623-627, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. REISMAN R and ARBESMAN C: Immunotherapy with antigen E. J Allergy 44:82-95, 1970 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. PRUZANSKY J and PATTERSON R: Histamine release from leukocytes of hypersensitive individuals. II. Reduced sensitivity of leukocytes after injection therapy. J Allergy 39:44-50, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KING T and NORMAN P: Isolation studies of allergens from ragweed pollen. Biochemistry 1:709, 1962 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. NORMAN P and WINKENWERDER W: Suppression of hay fever symptoms with intranasal dexamethasone aerosol. J Allergy 36:284-292, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: C. RAYMOND ZEISS, M.D.; R. PATTERSON, M.D.; J. J. PRUZANSKY, PH.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatment of Allergic Disorders with Injections of Allergen Extracts 1 April 1972Volume 76, Issue 4Page: 667-668KeywordsAllergic diseasesAntigensFeversHyperthermia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...