tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Thesaurus of Medical Words and Phrases.
Authors: Wilfred M. Barton, Wilfred Mason Barton, Walter A. Wells, Walter Augustine Wells
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of hemodialysis membrane type on pentosidine plasma level, a marker of “carbonyl stress”
Authors: Michel Jadoul, Yasuhiko Ueda, Yoshinari Yasuda, Akira Saito, Annie Robert, Naoto Ishida, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou, Toshio Miyata
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
The transforming growth factor-α and cyclin D1 genes are direct targets of β-catenin signaling in hepatocyte proliferation
Authors: Cyril Torre, Samira Benhamouche, Claudia Mitchell, Cécile Godard, Philippe Veber, Franck Letourneur, Nicolas Cagnard, Sébastien Jacques, Laetitia Finzi, Christine Perret, Sabine Colnot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
International Nurse Migration and HIV/AIDS
Authors: Sharonann Lynch
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LIPOID PROTEINOSIS: URBACH—WIETHE DISEASE
Authors: Arthur Rook
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article LIPOID PROTEINOSIS: URBACH—WIETHE DISEASE Get access Arthur Rook Arthur Rook Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 3, 1 March 1976, Pages 341–342, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04394.x Published: 01 March 1976
Physicians and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Barbara Gerbert
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The "common sense" that Dr Smith attributes to the public's opinion as reported in our article is a dangerous guide for public policy. Just a few years ago, this same public opinion believed that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was acquired like the common cold, through casual contact, and many people were prepared to impose quarantine and other restrictions on people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<sup>1</sup>Ongoing scientific evaluation of the hazards posed by HIV-infected health care workers should be the main basis of policy in this area. Our purpose in publishing data on the concern some members of the public have about this issue was to demonstrate to physicians and policymakers that the public's perception of risk may differ from theirs and to remind them that in formulating policy about HIV-infected health care workers it is necessary to take into account the views of all stakeholders, including patients. We
Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl levels across studies of human neurodevelopment.
Authors: Matthew P Longnecker, Mary S Wolff, Beth C Gladen, John W Brock, Philippe Grandjean, Joseph L Jacobson, Susan A Korrick, Walter J Rogan, Nynke Weisglas-Kuperus, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Pierre Ayotte, Paul Stewart, Gerhard Winneke, M Judith Charles, Sandra W Jacobson, Eric Dewailly, E Rudy Boersma, Larisa M Altshul, Birger Heinzow, James J Pagano, Allan A Jensen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants that are ubiquitous in the food chain, and detectable amounts are in the blood of almost every person in most populations that have been examined. Extensive evidence from animal studies shows that PCBs are neurotoxins, even at low doses. Interpretation of human data regarding low-level, early-life PCB exposure and subsequent neurodevelopment is problematic because levels of exposure were not similarly quantified across studies. We expressed the exposure levels from 10 studies of PCB and neurodevelopment in a uniform manner using a combination of data from original investigators, laboratory reanalyses, calculations based on published data, and expert opinion. The mainstay of our comparison was the median level of PCB 153 in maternal pregnancy serum. The median concentration of PCB 153 in the 10 studies ranged from 30 to 450 ng/g serum lipid, and the median of the 10 medians was 110 ng/g. We found that (a)) the distribution of PCB 153 exposure in most studies overlapped substantially, (b)) exposure levels in the Faroe Islands study were about 3-4-fold higher than in most other studies, and (c)) the exposure levels in the two recent U.S. studies were about one-third of those in the four earlier U.S. studies or recent Dutch, German, and northern Québec studies. Our results will facilitate a direct comparison of the findings on PCBs and neurodevelopment when they are published for all 10 studies.
Frontiers in Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Christine M. Fisher, Rachel Rabinovitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The development of breast-conserving treatment for early-stage breast cancer is one of the most important success stories in radiation oncology in the latter half of the twentieth century. Lumpectomy followed by radiotherapy provides an appealing alternative to mastectomy for many women. In recent years, there has been a shift in clinical investigational focus toward refinements in the methods of delivering adjuvant radiotherapy that provide shorter, more convenient schedules of external-beam radiotherapy and interstitial treatment. Expedited courses of whole-breast treatment have been demonstrated to be equivalent to traditional lengthier courses in terms of tumor control and cosmetic outcome and to provide an opportunity for cost efficiencies.
PWE-118 Predictors Of Colectomy And The Impact Of Thiopurines On The Risk Of Colectomy In Ulcerative Colitis – A National Uk Based Observational Study
Authors: V Chhaya, S Saxena, E Cecil, S Chatu, V Subramanian, V Curcin, A Majeed, R Pollok
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Thiopurines (TPs) including azathioprine and mercaptopurine have an established role in maintaining disease remission in ulcerative colitis (UC) but their impact on the risk of colectomy remains unknown. Our aim was to establish predictors of colectomy and determine the effect of TPs on the risk for colectomy using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a population based study using electronic primary care records in the UK. We identified incident cases of UC between 1989 and 2009 in the CPRD which contains prescribing and clinical data for 8% of the UK population and is a validated research database. Patients were included if registered with a practice for at least 12 months prior to diagnosis. We compared rates of colectomy between TP users and non-users and examined the impact of treatment duration. We performed survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent risk factors for surgery were determined using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 8673 patient met our inclusion criteria of which 479 (5.5%) went on to have a total colectomy during 21 years of follow up. 51.4% were male and the median age was 46 years (IQR: 32–62 years). Female patients were less likely to undergo colectomy (HR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58–0.84, p &lt; 0.001). There was a threefold increase in the risk of colectomy amongst TP users compared with non-users (HR 3.48, 95% CI: 2.84–4.37, p &lt; 0.001). Of the TP users, those receiving greater than 12 months of treatment, were least likely to undergo colectomy compared with users for less than 3 months (HR 0.29, 95% CI: 0.21–0.40, p &lt; 0.001). Early steroid users were almost twice as likely to undergo colectomy (HR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.59–2.37, p &lt; 0.001). 5-ASA use was protective, with users 65% less likely to undergo colectomy than non-users (HR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.28–0.44, p &lt; 0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Male sex, TP use and early steroid use within 3 months of diagnosis are predictors of colectomy in UC. Amongst TP users, sustained TP use for greater than 12 months duration, was associated with a reduction in colectomy rates. 5-ASA use was associated with a two thirds reduction in risk of colectomy. Our findings support the role of 5-ASA use and prolonged TP treatment for UC patients with a severe disease phenotype. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Human hepatoma-associated cell surface antigen: Identification and characterization by means of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Daniel Shouval, Dan Eilat, Rolf I. Carlson, Ruth Adler, Nelly Livni, Jack R. Wands
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

A library of murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with human hepatoma cells was generated following immunization of Balb/c mice with an intact cloned human hepatoma cell line, designated PLC/PRF/5–NR. We report the characterization of one such IgG2a antibody, designated anti–PLC1. This antibody specifically stains parental PLC/PRF/5 cell membranes and membranes of SK–Hep 1 and Mahlavu human hepatoma cells grown in culture, using indirect immunofluorescence and horseradish immunoperoxidase techniques. A similar pattern of membranous staining was observed in solid tumors derived from the three hepatoma cell lines which were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude rats and mice. Spontaneous capping on the cell surface was observed in 7 to 30% of the three human hepatocellular carcinoma cell types when incubated in suspension with monoclonal anti–PLC1 at 37°C. Treatment of cells with trypsin or sustained growth in culture did not affect the intensity of membranous staining. Monoclonal anti–PLC 1 appeared specific, and antibodies did not stain a variety of human carcinoma cell lines and primary tumors of nonhepatic origin, or several normal human and murine tissues. Purified 125 I–labeled monoclonal anti–PLC 1 bound specifically to the three hepatoma cell lines in culture. Specificity of the antigen–antibody reaction was demonstrated by competitive binding inhibition in experiments using unlabeled homologous antibody. Binding of 125 I–anti–PLC 1 was not inhibited by unlabeled monoclonal antibodies to HBsAg or to α–fetoprotein. Two hepatoma cell lines secrete a protein that specifically blocks binding of 125 I–anti–PLC 1 antibodies to cell surface antigenic determinants. This “hepatomaassociated” protein was subsequently purified by affinity chromatography from supernates derived from the three hepatoma cell lines. Analysis of this protein by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions revealed a major protein band at 70 to 75 kd. These findings suggest that monoclonal antibodies such as anti–PLC 1 may serve as a potential reagent for serodiagnosis, histologic identification, imaging and destruction of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Pathologic Complete Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy Predicts Cure in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Combined Analysis of Two IFCT Randomized Trials
Authors: Guillaume Mouillet, Elisabeth Monnet, Bernard Milleron, Marc Puyraveau, Elisabeth Quoix, Philippe David, Alain Ducoloné, Olivier Molinier, Gérard Zalcman, Alain Depierre, Virginie Westeel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
John Hunter's Biographers
Authors: June Z. Fullmer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

John Dryden used the word "biography" in English for the first time in 1683. He defined the term as a history "of particular men's lives," and while he thought that a biography might lack the "loftiness and gravity of general history," he also found it "more extensive in style" than general history with "something superadded.... The pageantry of life is taken away; you see the poor reasonable animal, as naked as nature ever made him; are made acquainted with his passions and his follies, and find the Demy-God a man." From such a straight-forward, plain beginning one might expect the biographical stream to flow unhindered, and library shelves to be filled with books that create for their readers real people, living real lives, in real times. Casual inspection, however, shows that that stream has hazarded through countless runnels and creeks, some far removed from the channel Dryden so clearly marked
Working together to reduce poverty's damage
Authors: A. Haines, R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Next week the Royal Colleges of General Practitioners, Nursing, and Physicians, the Faculty of Public Health Medicine, Action in International Medicine (an organisation of colleges and academies of health professionals with member institutions in 30 countries), and the BMJ will hold a conference on poverty and health. The conference will be part of worldwide professional activity to reduce the harmful effects of poverty. This week the BMJ publishes its fourth issue in two years that has clustered papers on inequalities in health. Why all the fuss?

Some suggest that it's because the BMJ is politically motivated. If that means the BMJ wants action on a major threat to health, it's true. We would like all political parties in all countries to pay attention to inequalities in health. Many are reluctant to do so. They are more concerned to cut taxes and so win the votes of what the economist J K Galbraith calls the comfortable majority.1

We are publishing these special issues of the journal for four main reasons. Firstly, anybody interested in health has to pay attention to wealth. It's the single most important driver of health worldwide, even more important than smoking. Secondly, a great deal of research is under way into inequalities in health. It affects every part of medicine. We are beginning to understand that, for developed countries, relative poverty (having an income substantially below the mean for that society) is a more important influence on health than absolute poverty (lacking the basic means to live). 2 3 And this research is leading to important discoveries on how social pressures lead to disease outcomes.2 The BMJ receives many papers on inequalities in health, and many of them make it through our peer review process. It seems sensible to cluster them.

Thirdly, things are getting …
Medical Discipline. Part VI. The offenses
Authors: B. E. Vodicka
Journal: JAMA (1976)

INASMUCH as the preceding article in this series dealt with the concept.of generic offenses, this article will describe some of the specific offenses that are commonly listed in medical practice act disciplinary provisions.  Criminal Conduct  Perhaps the most common specific offense listed in state medical practice acts is conviction of a crime. In some acts, the criminal conviction must be for a felony; in others, it must involve moral turpitude. In some states, the criminal conviction must be for a felony and must involve moral turpitude.  Statutory provisions regarding disciplinary action for conviction of crime are generally clear and unequivocal. For this reason, they are not often the subject of litigation. In a recent Illinois case, 1 however, the physician whose license had been revoked for commission of a felony argued that his felony conviction was in a federal court under federal law and that the same conduct was not
Was [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Complete Response After Chemoradiotherapy Defined As Standardized Uptake Value<sub>max-1 hour</sub> ≤ 3 Complete?
Authors: Wenhui Ma, Jing Wang, Weidong Yang, Guoquan Li, Shengjun Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

In the article by Monjazeb et al, 1 the authors defined [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) -positron emission tomography (PET) complete response (CR) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) as standardized uptake value (SUV) max-1 hour Յ 3. We think that this description is not exact or sufficient.It may have only a moderate correlation with individual estimates, partially explaining cell differentiation and the response to CRT.Patients in the low SUV group were less likely to show evidence of treatment response after CRT, including a higher likelihood of residual nodal disease and a lower likelihood of a pathologic CR and estimated treatment response. 2dding ⌬SUV (initial-to-post CRT scan ratio) combined with histologic differentiation to give the conclusion suggesting a certain pharmacodynamic invariance of reference tissue index.The authors provided no information on the interval between the first PET scan and CRT.A prolonged delay between PET-CR and CRT may defer the diagnostic value of PET-CR and may result from coexisting conditions that would themselves have a negative effect on survival.Jingu et al 3 gave more reasonable selection criteria-such as no previous radiation therapy, FDG-PET performed less than 2 weeks before CRT, no serious diabetes, along with other criteria.Hurmuzlu et al 4 found alcohol abuse and number of positive lymph nodes to be prognostic factors for overall survival.During the follow-up, did the patients get any therapy that would affect the outcomes?The time and number of cycles of CRT are also important.Abate et al 5 reported that 2% to 3% of recurrences were detected each year, which suggests that annual follow-up is adequate.Survival after recurrence was improved with therapy and confirms the use of careful follow-up in these patients.Moreover, more information about incomplete resections should be given, and different surgery intentions should be considered.It should be noted that, in the trial by Chao et al, 6 aggressive surgical treatment after CRT was reserved for patients for whom complete resection was anticipated.In addition, FDG-PET images were interpreted by an experienced nuclear radiologist and correlated with computed tomography, 1 but more than two specialists working side by side in consensus to evaluate the PET images would be better.Neither reader should be aware of patients' clinical or follow-up data.
Androgen Receptor Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells Is Suppressed by Activation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and ErbB2
Authors: Changmeng Cai, David C. Portnoy, Hongyun Wang, Xinnong Jiang, Shaoyong Chen, Steven P. Balk
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Prostate cancers (PCa) that relapse after androgen deprivation therapies [castration-resistant PCa (CRPC)] express high levels of androgen receptor (AR) and androgen-regulated genes, and evidence from several groups indicates that ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases [epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2] may contribute to enhancing this AR activity. We found that activation of these kinases with EGF and heregulin-β1 rapidly (within 8 hours) decreased expression of endogenous AR and androgen-regulated PSA in LNCaP PCa cells. AR expression was similarly decreased in LAPC4 and C4-2 cells, but not in the CWR22Rv1 PCa cell line. The rapid decrease in AR was not due to increased AR protein degradation and was not blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (LY294002) or MEK (UO126) inhibitors. Significantly, AR mRNA levels in LNCaP cells were markedly decreased by EGF and heregulin-β1, and experiments with actinomycin D to block new mRNA synthesis showed that AR mRNA degradation was increased. AR mRNA levels were still markedly decreased by EGF and heregulin-β1 in LNCaP cells adapted to growth in androgen-depleted medium, although AR protein levels did not decline due to increased AR protein stability. These findings show that EGFR and ErbB2 can negatively regulate AR mRNA and may provide an approach to suppress AR expression in CRPC. [Cancer Res 2009;69(12):5202–9]
THE ADDIS SEDIMENT COUNT IN SCARLET FEVER 1
Authors: John D. Lyttle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

The following report deals with a study of the urinary changes in ordinary scarlet fever as revealed by the Addis sediment count technique.No cases of clinical postscarlatinal nephritis have been included.Particu- lar interest centers in the period from 8 to 30 days after the onset of infection. LITERATUREAs early as 1874 Mahomed (1) found that scarlet fever convalescents, at some period during the six weeks after defervescence, exhibited a pulse of high tension (sphygmograph) and hemoglobinuria (guaiac test) without albuminuria (nitric acid test).If the tension was high and persisted, albumin was liable to appear.Occasionally there was anorexia with slight fever (1000 F.) and sometimes a little edema was evident upon careful examination, but as a rule, there were no constitutional symptoms or signs.He called this picture the "prealbuminuric stage of nephritis."Thompson (2), in 1886, examined the urine for blood and albumin three times a day for 56 days in 180 cases of scarlet fever.Eighty-four per cent of the patients were under 15 years.In 66 cases (37 per cent) there were no urinary changes.Two cases (1 per cent) showed anasarca without urinary changes, and in 112 (62 per cent) the urine showed albumin, blood, or both, with or without edema.Thompson calls all of these 112 cases " nephritis," but "in some cases, the evidence of kidney mischief was so slight and evanescent that but for careful and frequent testing, the presence of these substances, would no doubt, have been overlooked."Thompson also found, at times, a positive guaiac test with no albumin, but thought the "pre-albuminuric stage" of nephritis was infrequent.Dittmar (3) examined the urine in 91 consecutive cases twice daily for 56 days.Eighty-five per cent of the patients were under 15 years.The