tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase in cirrhosis: A possible marker of hypersplenism
Authors: Makoto Nakamuta, Masao Ohashi, Yuichi Tanabe, Kaichiro Hiroshige, Hajime Nawata
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Plasma myeloperoxidase levels in patients with cirrhosis were compared with those in patients with chronic hepatitis and healthy controls by means of a specific radioimmunoassay for myeloperoxidase. The mean concentration of plasma myeloperoxidase in cirrhotic patients (309.1 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 41) was markedly higher than that in chronic hepatitis patients (222.6 +/- 17.2 ng/ml, n = 21) (p < 0.01) and normal controls (219.5 +/- 5.7 ng/ml, n = 50) (p < 0.01). Plasma myeloperoxidase showed good negative correlations with neutrocyte count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), thrombocyte count (r = -0.40, p < 0.01), red blood cell count (r = -0.32, p < 0.01), serum albumin (r = -0.35, p < 0.01), and cholinesterase (r = -0.32, p < 0.02) and positive correlations with serum alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.49; p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.31, p < 0.01) in patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis. Among lactate dehydrogenase isozymes, a good positive correlation was seen between plasma myeloperoxidase and lactate dehydrogenase-2 (r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (r = 0.03, p < 0.02). Plasma myeloperoxidase was significantly higher in the cirrhotic and chronic hepatitis patients with splenomegaly (341.1 +/- 19.4 ng/ml, n = 31) than in those without splenomegaly (217.4 +/- 12.2 ng/ml, n = 29) (p < 0.01). We also examined the difference between plasma levels of myeloperoxidase in the portal and peripheral blood.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lesions of testis and epididymis associated with prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure.
Authors: B C Bullock, R R Newbold, J A McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Cryptorchidism and retention of Müllerian duct structures occur with high frequency among the male offspring of CD-1 mice treated with 100 micrograms diethylstilbestrol/kg body weight on days 9 through 16 of pregnancy. Hyperplasia of the rete testis and Müllerian duct structures were found in many of the DES-treated male mice, as was a low but significant number of reproductive tract neoplasms.
HTLV-1-associated cutaneous disease: a clinicopathoiogical and molecular study of patients from the U. K.
Authors: S.J. WHITTAKER, Y.L. NG, M. RUSTIN, G. LEVENE, D.H. MCGIBBON, N. P. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The clinicopathological features of eight patients with cutaneous disease associated with HTLV-1 infection are reviewed. All were U.K. residents of West Indian extraction, and two are currently alive. Disease remained confined to the skin in two patients. Five patients with a cutaneous prodromal phase developed leukaemia after a median duration of 124 months (3 months-21 years), and in one of these combination chemotherapy produced a sustained clinical remission for 20 months. Two patients developed cutaneous disease after remission of their leukaemia. Cutaneous lesions were heterogeneous and included localized papules, a generalized papulonodular eruption, diffuse and localized erythematous plaques, pompholyx-like lesions on the palms and soles, and tumours. The histology of the skin lesions was also variable, and consisted of a heavy dermal infiltrate with lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and cytologically atypical mononuclear cells. Epidermotropism was present in biopsies from five patients. Tumour cells with large, densely staining, pleomorphic nuclei, arranged in rows between collagen bundles, were present in the majority of cases. In one patient the infiltrate also consisted of epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells. Six cases were classified histologically as pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma, and two as cerebriform or mycosis fungoides type. Molecular studies revealed a clonal T-cell population associated with monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 provirus in tissue DNA from six patients. In two patients HTLV-1 integration was established retrospectively using enzymatic in vitro amplification of a specific HTLV-1 po1 gene sequence in DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded sections. This study indicates that the clinical and pathological features of HTLV-1-associated cutaneous disease are diverse. Patients may have disease confined to the skin for prolonged periods, either at presentation or following clinical relapse--cutaneous adult T-cell lymphoma. Molecular techniques allow distinction from other types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and provide an opportunity for retrospective studies of archival material.
Systemic contact dermatitis to corticosteroids
Authors: M. Baeck, A. Goossens
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Although unexpected and paradoxical, allergic hypersensitivity to corticosteroids is a common finding, delayed‐type reactions being much more frequently encountered than the immediate‐type ones. Although the skin is the main sensitization and elicitation route, other routes, amongst them systemic administration of corticosteroids may exceptionally be involved. Objective To determine the frequency, clinical presentation and cross‐reactivity patterns for allergic reactions following systemic administration of corticosteroids amongst patients with identified and investigated ‘contact allergy’ to corticosteroids. Methods We reviewed clinical data, patch test results and sensitization sources in patients who reacted positively to corticosteroids tested in the K . U . L euven D ermatology department during an 18‐year period. Results Sixteen subjects (out of 315 with CS delayed‐type hypersensitivity) presented with allergic manifestations due to systemic administration of corticosteroids. Most patients reacted to molecules from the three groups of the recently reappraised classification. Conclusion The reactions observed seem to be in most cases ‘systemic contact dermatitis’ due to oral or parenteral re‐exposure of sensitized individuals with the respective corticosteroids previously applied topically. Moreover, most patients seem to be able to react to any corticosteroid molecules and therefore need a systematic individualized evaluation of their sensitization/tolerance profile.
Therapy for Acute Hepatitis C
Authors: Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is now the most frequent cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States and most Western nations.13 Population-based surveys show that 1 to 2 percent of adults in the United States are chronically infected with HCV.2 Although hepatitis C has been described as an epidemic and a national emergency, the epidemic reflects the identification of chronic cases rather than a large outbreak of new cases.Acute hepatitis C is no longer very common in the United States. The incidence has decreased from a peak level of 250,000 to . . .
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN MILITARY PSYCHIATRY
Authors: Albert J. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The Korean conflict and the partial mobilization of military manpower in the United States have caused military psychiatry again to be faced with difficulties similar to those encountered in previous wars. Fortunately, valuable lessons derived from our experiences in World War II were preserved by their incorporation into both the training and operational doctrines of military medicine. This policy has, to a considerable extent, made possible the elimination of the time consuming and costly trial and error methods that characterized the initial efforts of psychiatry in World War II. In the Korean campaign, effective forward or up-front psychiatric treatment was instituted within six to eight weeks after the onset of hostilities, as compared to the almost two year delay that occurred in the previous armed conflict. Despite advances in war psychiatry, many defects in our knowledge remain, as demonstrated by experience with current military activities. It is the purpose of
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure in Coronary Artery Disease: Clinical Criteria
Authors: WILLIAM R. HARLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Congestive heart failure is a frequent and important manifestation of cardiovascular disease, but no uniform clinical criteria are available for use in epidemiologic studies. To develop diagnostic criteria, we related pertinent clinical findings to physiologic measures of left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. When left ventricular end diastolic pressure or arteriovenous oxygen difference was used as the physiologic criterion, the following variables contributed significant (P < 0.01) information: heart volume, ventricular gallop, heart rate, and blood pressure. The most reliable and valid set of descriptors determined in one group was tested in a second group of 1306 patients who had been followed for 6 to 36 months after initial evaluation. The validity of the descriptors was confirmed, and patients identified as having heart failure by these criteria experienced a worse survival rate (P < 0.001). These criteria characterize patients likely to have impaired left ventricular function and a greater risk of death.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor suppresses the (re)stenotic changes of the coronary artery after balloon injury in pigs
Authors: Y FUKUMOTO, H SHIMOKAWA, T KOZAI, T KADOKAMI, K KUWATA, M OWADA, T SHIRAISHI, T KUGA, K EGASHIRA, A TAKESHITA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) still remains a serious late complication. Many growth factors induced in restenotic lesions may be responsible for restenosis after PTCA. Most of the receptors for such growth factors possess tyrosine kinase activity. This study was designed to determine whether or not a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ST 638, can prevent (re)stenotic changes of the coronary artery after balloon injury. Methods: A segment of the porcine coronary artery was aseptically wrapped with cotton mesh absorbing either ST 638 or vehicle, followed by balloon injury. Two weeks after the procedure, coronary stenosis and vasoconstricting responses were examined by coronary arteriography and (re)stenotic changes of the coronary artery were histologically examined. Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblotting was also performed to examine the inhibitory effects of ST 638. Results: Coronary arteriography showed the development of mild stenotic lesions at the balloon-injured sites, where hyperconstrictive responses were repeatedly induced by intracoronary serotonin and histamine. Histologically, neointimal formation was noted at the balloon-injured site, where the total vessel area also tended to decrease (geometric remodeling). The treatment with ST 638 suppressed all the hyperconstrictive responses, the neointimal formation, and the geometric remodeling induced by balloon injury. Immunoblotting for phosphotyrosine proteins demonstrated the elevation of proteins at the balloon-injured site, which was suppressed by ST 638. Conclusions: These results indicate that tyrosine kinases are activated at the balloon-injured site and the inhibition of such kinase activities is effective in reducing both the (re)stenotic changes (neointimal formation and geometric remodeling) and the hyperconstrictive responses of the coronary artery after balloon injury.
Role of Integrated 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Position Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in Patients Surveillance after Multimodality Therapy of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Carol Tan, Sally Barrington, Sheila Rankin, David Landau, John Pilling, James Spicer, Paul Cane, Loïc Lang-Lazdunski
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Saccular Aortic Aneurysm due to Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: THEODORE DITCHEK, JOSEPH J. BOOKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A case of congenital aortic stenosis with an associated discrete saccular aortic aneurysm is presented. The few previously reported cases of this combination of lesions are reviewed and the nature and mechanisms of the aneurysmal changes are discussed. The apparent etiologic importance of the systolic jet striking a localized area of vessel wall is emphasized.
Guidelines for von Willebrand Disease Urge Routine Screening for Bleeding
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asthmatic Deaths
Authors: John T. Connell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The number of mast cells in the bronchial walls of patients who died of asthma was compared to that in walls of nonasthmatic patients. Mast cells are normal components of bronchial wall and contain chemical mediators which can cause changes in bronchial muscle tone and glandular secretion. Physiological amounts of mediator released by normal stimuli may constitute a local homeostatic mechanism for control of some bronchial functions. Unphysiological quantities released by abnormal stimuli could cause bronchospasm, secretion, and edema leading to obstruction typical of that found in asthma. Degranulated mast cells cannot be identified in tissue sections. There were fewer mast cells in bronchi of patients who died of asthma than in those of nonasthmatic patients, which suggests that marked degranulation of mast cells occurred, and is one mechanism associated with the pathophysiology of asthma.
ENDOTHELIOMA OF THE SKIN.
Authors: WILLIAM S. GOTTHEIL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

New growths composed of endothelial cells, and arising from the intima of the blood vessels and lymphatics, are well recognized pathologic entities. They are not infrequent in the internal organs, especially in the parotid and salivary glands, and in connection with the serous membranes. It is only of recent years, however, that they have been differentiated from other and commoner neoplasms; for in appearance the endothelial cells that make up their mass vary from a large nucleated somewhat rectangular cell very like the epithelial elements of carcinoma, to a smaller, rounded cell resembling those characteristic of sarcoma. Borst<sup>1</sup>voices the opinion, now general with pathologists, that to the class of endotheliomata undoubtedly belong many of the cases of atypical or mixed new growths which have been recorded under such names as endothelial carcinoma, endothelial sarcoma, angiosarcoma, cylindroma, fibroplastic tumor, lymphangioma, lymphatic cancroid, etc. Their differentiation from carcinomatous and sarcomatous new
Decreased numbers of chemotactic factor receptors in chronic neutropenia with defective chemotaxis: Spontaneous recovery from the neutrophil abnormalities during early childhood
Authors: Kozo Yasui, Munehiro Yamazaki, Yukiaki Miyagawa, Atsushi Komiyama, Taro Akabane
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract Childhood chronic neutropenia with decreased numbers of chemotactic factor receptors as well as defective chemotaxis was first demonstrated in an 8‐month‐old girl. Chemotactic factor receptors on neutrophils were assayed using tritiated N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine ( 3 H‐FMLP). The patient's neutrophils had decreased numbers of the receptors: numbers of the receptors were 20,000 (&lt; 3 SD) as compared with those of control cells of 52,000 ± 6,000 (mean ± SD) (n = 10). The neutropenia disappeared spontaneously by 28 months of age parallel with the improvement of chemotaxis and increase in numbers of chemotactic factor receptors. These results demonstrate a transient decrease of neutrophil chemotactic factor receptors as one of the pathophysiological bases of a transient defect of neutrophil chemotaxis in this disorder.
AID expression increased by TNF-α is associated with class switch recombination of Igα gene in cancers
Authors: Zhi Duan, Hui Zheng, Haidan Liu, Ming Li, Min Tang, Xinxian Weng, Wei Yi, Ann M. Bode, Ya Cao
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2015)

Recently, immunoglobulins (Igs) were unexpectedly found to be expressed in epithelial cancers. Immunoglobulin class switching or class switch recombination (CSR) is a natural biological process that alters a B cell's production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) from one class to another. However, the mechanism of CSR of Ig genes in cancer is still unknown. Here, we confirmed by detecting the hallmark of CSR that the Igα gene in cancer underwent CSR. Then we focused on activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a crucial factor for initiating CSR. Further studies using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation and specific inhibitor of NF-κB revealed that TNF-α could increase AID expression through NF-κB signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that AID could co-localize with protein kinase A and bind to the switching (Sα) region of the Igα gene. Overexpression of AID obviously enhanced Igα heavy chain expression and its binding ability to the Sα region. These findings indicated that TNF-α-induced AID expression is involved with CSR in cancer.
Direct preconditioning of cultured chick ventricular myocytes. Novel functions of cardiac adenosine A2a and A3 receptors.
Authors: J Strickler, K A Jacobson, B T Liang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Preconditioning with brief ischemia before a sustained period of ischemia reduces infarct size in the perfused heart. A cultured chick ventricular myocyte model was developed to investigate the role of adenosine receptor subtypes in cardiac preconditioning. Brief hypoxic exposure, termed preconditioning hypoxia, prior to prolonged hypoxia, protected myocytes against injury induced by the prolonged hypoxia. Activation of the adenosine A1 receptor with CCPA or the A3 receptor with C1-IB-MECA can replace preconditioning hypoxia and simulate preconditioning, with a maximal effect at 100 nM. While activation of the A2a receptor by 1 microM CGS21680 could not mimic preconditioning, its stimulation during preconditioning hypoxia, however, attenuated the protection against hypoxia-induced injury. Blockade of A2a receptors with the selective antagonist CSC (1 microM) during preconditioning hypoxia enhanced the protective effect of preconditioning. Nifedipine, which blocked the A2a receptor-mediated calcium entry, abolished the A2a agonist-induced attenuation of preconditioning. Isoproterenol, forskolin, and BayK 8644, which stimulated calcium entry, also attenuated preconditioning. Nifedipine blocked the increase in calcium uptake by these agents as well as their attenuating effect on preconditioning. The present study provides the first evidence that the adenosine A3 receptor is present on ventricular myocytes and can mediate simulation of preconditioning. The data demonstrate, for the first time, that activation of the A2a receptor antagonizes the preconditioning effect of adenosine, with increased calcium entry during the preconditioning stimuli as a novel mechanism.
Thromboxane A2 in pregnancy and puerperium.
Authors: O Ylikorkala, L Viinikka
Journal: BMJ (1980)

the observations of Martin and Olson.2Other reports of radiation- induced thyroid cancer have dealt with the consequences of therapeutic irradiation.The history of past irradiation in our first patient was not obtained until his brother also developed a cancer, when W~~H istological appearances of well-differentiated papillary carcinoma of thyroid from two brothers.Above: case 1. Below: case 2. Haematoxylin and eosin x 100 (original magnification).inquiry was much more searching.Hence it is clearly important to pay careful attention to a history of special diagnostic procedures, particu- larly cardiac screening.
Physicians’ Survival Guide to Litigation Stress: Understanding, Managing, and Transcending a Malpractice Crisis
Authors: Louise B. Andrew
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Physicians' Survival Guide to Litigation Stress: Understanding, Managing, and Transcending a Malpractice Crisis is a collaboration between an allergist/immunologist and a psychotherapist. Like many books of its genre, it was conceived as the response to personal crisis.
The Destructiveness of Myths
Authors: CHARLES B. WILKINSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The fact that myths may disguise the truth makes them potentially destructive, particularly when their legends become institutionalized. The author corrects some myths about the Negro past, especially in regard to slavery. He notes that some of the current beliefs about alleged Negro inferiority are based on a presumed sociopathology and examines the fallacious aspects of some myths related to this. Further study leading to the explosion of remaining myths, he feels, can help destroy their destructive effects.
Acute Renal Failure From Precipitation of Cryoglobulins in a Cool Operating Room
Authors: Harry W. Carloss
Journal: JAMA (1980)

MEMBERS of surgical teams work for long hours in the operating rooms, dressed in cap, gown, and mask. All too naturally, they prefer an ambient temperature lower than elsewhere in the hospital. Hence, the thermostat is so set in most operating rooms. Cryoglobulinemia is a disorder in which circulating abnormal globulins precipitate in cold.<sup>1,2</sup>The thermal amplitude of cryoglobulins is often low, and symptoms usually occur only at very low temperatures; in some cases, however, the thermal amplitude may be high, covering part of the normal ambient temperature. We describe a patient with cryoglobulinemia of high thermal amplitude. During a surgical procedure in a cool operating room, the cryoglobulins precipitated in the renal vascular system, causing acute renal failure. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old woman had pain and swelling of the ankles intermittently for six months. The swelling was associated with fever (to 39.5 °C), erythema, and petechiae
Sorbitol Concentration in the Plasma and Erythrocytes of Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Guido Somers, Ivan Depoorter, Abdullah Sener, Willy J Malaisse
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Sorbitol content of plasma and red blood cells is increased in diabetic subjects, and it correlates with plasma glucose concentration. Rapid changes in plasma glucose concentration, either during normalization or impairment of glucose homeostasis, are paralleled by equally rapid changes in plasma or erythrocyte sorbitol content. At variance with a recent proposal, it is concluded that the measurement of sorbitol in red cells is not a reliable indicator of either long-term blood glucose levels or sorbitol accumulation in those tissues in which such an accumulation participates in the pathogenesis of degenerative Complications.