tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glutamine protects against increases in blood ammonia in football players in an exercise intensity-dependent way
Authors: A Bassini-Cameron, A Monteiro, A Gomes, J P S Werneck-de-Castro, L Cameron
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2007)

High-intensity and prolonged exercise significantly enhances the levels of plasma ammonia, a metabolite with toxic effects on the central nervous system. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic response of athletes to glutamine (Gln) and alanine (Ala) supplementation, since these amino acids have a significant influence on both anaplerosis and gluconeogenesis.Professional football players were assigned to groups receiving either Gln or Ala supplementation (100 mg kg(-1) body weight); this supplementation was either short-term or long-term and was given immediately before exercise. The players were evaluated using two exercise protocols, one with intervals (n = 18) and the other with continuous intensity (n = 12).Both types of exercises increased ammonia, urate, urea and creatinine in blood. Chronic Gln supplementation partially protected against hyperammonemia after a football match (intermittent exercise: Gln -140 (SEM 13)% vs Ala -240 (SEM 37)%) and after continuous exercise at 80% of the maximum heart rate (Gln -481 (SEM 44)% vs placebo -778 (SEM 99)%). Urate increased by 10-20% in all groups, independently of supplementation. Glutamine once a day supplementation induced a greater elevation in urate as compared to alanine at the end of the game; however, long-term supplementation provoked a lesser increment in urate. Exercise induced similar increases in creatinine as compared to their respective controls in either acute or chronic glutamine administration.Taken together, the results suggest that chronically supplemented Gln protects against exercise-induced hyperammonemia depending on exercise intensity and supplementation duration.
Points from Letters: Race and Commonwealth
Authors: B. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1970)

further "dram" before entering the ambulance.On admission he was confused and in pain with noticeably cold extremities.Oral temperature was 97' F. (36' C.).Blood pressure 140/80, pulse 72 and small volume.The abdomen was distended and diffusely tender.There was some guarding, and bowel sounds were faint and infrequent.The pupils were unequal, moderately dilated, and did not react to light.Tendon jerks were brisk and the plantar responses flexor.Urine: some albumin and trace of acetone, but no sugar.Blood pH 7-08, Pco2
Common lymphoid progenitors rapidly engraft and protect against lethal murine cytomegalovirus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Caroline Arber, Andrew BitMansour, Timothy E. Sparer, John P. Higgins, Edward S. Mocarski, Irving L. Weissman, Judith A. Shizuru, Janice M. Y. Brown
Journal: Blood (2003)
Small-bowel migration: a possible complication of adjustable intragastric balloons
Authors: S. de la Riva, M. Muñoz-Navas, I. Rodriguez-Lago, C. Silva
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Endoscopic placement of an intragastric balloon in obese patients is a nonsurgical intervention that allows for effective weight loss, without excessive risk of complications [1] [2]. Although in most published studies it is presented as effective and safe, it also has some limitations: it ceases to be effective after 2 – 3 months and there is an increased risk of serious complications over 6 months of implantation [3]. The recently introduced Spatz adjustable balloon system (ABS; Spatz FGIA, Inc., Jericho, New York, USA) is a dynamic bariatric therapy with a marked prolongation of the implantation time and a safety mechanism that precludes its distal migration into the duodenum despite balloon deflation [4]. We report the first case of complete deflation of the Spatz ABS, with duodenal migration of the entire device.
Pyorrhoea as cause of pyrexia.
Authors: E Berry, J Silver
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Three patients with fever and malaise, one of whom also had joint pains, were extensively investigated before their condition was attributed to dental sepsis. Each patient recovered fully after appropriate dental treatment. Dental sepsis should be added to the list of possible causes of pyrexia of undetermined origin, and a routine dental examination should be carried out in each case.
(55) Successful stimulation of hair regrowth with diphencyprone
Authors: S.P. MacDonald-Hull, J.F.B. Norris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (55) Successful stimulation of hair regrowth with diphencyprone Get access S.P. MacDonald‐Hull, S.P. MacDonald‐Hull The General Infirmary at Leeds. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.F.B. Norris J.F.B. Norris The General Infirmary at Leeds. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 111–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12095.x Published: 01 June 1987
Temporal Stability of Alexithymia Over a Five-Year Period in Outpatients with Major Depression
Authors: S. Saarijärvi, J.K. Salminen, T. Toikka
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Previous research on alexithymia and depression has led to a controversy over whether alexithymia should be viewed as a state-dependent phenomenon or as a stable personality trait. The aim of this 5-year follow-up study was to examine the temporal stability of alexithymia in outpatients suffering from major depression. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The study population comprised 116 (49 male and 67 female) outpatients with major depression. Alexithymic features were assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the degree of depression with the Beck Depression Inventory. The patients were retested after a period of 5 years. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Mean alexithymia and depression scores decreased significantly over the 5-year period. Alexithymia and depression were associated with each other, but the high test-retest correlations in the TAS-20 scores indicate relative stability of alexithymia. The three factors of alexithymia behaved differently. Difficulty in identifying feelings and difficulty in describing feelings were associated with alleviation of depressive symptoms, whereas externally oriented thinking was not. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Alexithymia seems to be related with the severity of depression in outpatients with major depression, but it also shows relative stability over 5 years. Our findings support the view that the alexithymia construct represents a stable personality trait, but is also a state-dependent phenomenon.
Fishy diet could help prevent Alzheimer s disease
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Researchers from Rush-Presbyterian-St Luke's Medical Center in Chicago have found that elderly people who ate fish at least once a week had a much lower rate of Alzheimer's disease than people who ate fish infrequently.

Led by Dr Martha Clare Morris and Denis Evans, of Rush's department of internal medicine and Alzheimer's disease centre, the investigators enrolled 815 Chicago residents aged between 65 and 94 years who had no evidence of Alzheimer's disease at the outset of the study in 1993 ( Archives of Neurology 2003;60:940-6). The participants were taken from the Chicago health and ageing project, a larger population based, prospective study designed to find risk …
A 'Normal' Practice
Authors: Wendy S. Rubinstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Thomas J. Hoerger, Russell Harris, Katherine A. Hicks, Katrina Donahue, Stephen Sorensen, Michael Engelgau
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: No randomized, controlled trial of screening for diabetes has been conducted. In the absence of direct evidence, cost-effectiveness models may provide guidance about preferred screening strategies. Objective: To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of 2 diabetes screening strategies: screening targeted to people with hypertension and universal screening. Design: Markov model. Data Sources: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, Hypertension Optimal Treatment trial, and recent cost data. Target Population: General primary care population in the United States. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Health care system. Interventions: Diabetes screening targeted to people with hypertension and universal screening. Outcome Measures: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. Costs (in 1997 U.S. dollars) and QALYs discounted at a 3% annual rate. Results of Base-Case Analysis: At all ages, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were more favorable for screening targeted to people with hypertension than for universal screening. For example, at age 55 years, the cost per QALY for targeted screening compared with no screening was $34 375, whereas the cost per QALY for universal screening compared with targeted screening was $360 966. Screening was more cost-effective for ages 55 to 75 years than for younger ages. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: In single-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, findings were robust to therapy costs, screening costs, screening lead time, reduced effectiveness of intensive antihypertensive therapy, and increased relative risk reduction for stroke attributable to intensive hypertension control. Limitations: We did not consider screening targeted to persons with dyslipidemia, and we used studies of people whose diabetes was detected clinically to estimate screening benefits. Conclusions: Diabetes screening targeted to people with hypertension is more cost-effective than universal screening. The most cost-effective strategy is targeted screening at age 55 to 75 years.
Case 40-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, William E. Strole, James J. Galdabini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 16-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of abdominal pain.For three years she had experienced intermittent epigastric pain that occurred both before and after meals and sometimes appeared to follow the ingestion of fatty foods. Two months before admission she was seen by a psychiatrist because of outbursts of crying; diazepam was prescribed and was taken intermittently. At about that time she began to complain that the abdominal pain radiated around to the back. One month before entry the painful episodes became more frequent, with radiation to the right side of the neck and . . .
Decreased natural killer cytotoxic activity in chronic alcoholism is associated with alcohol liver disease but not active ethanol consumption
Authors: F J Laso, J I Madruga, J A Giron, A Lopez, J Ciudad, J F San Miguel, M Alvarez-Mon, A Orfao
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Chronic alcohol intake is associated with an increased incidence of certain neoplasms. Natural killer (NK) cells have been considered to be involved in control tumor development and growth. The goal of the present study was to contribute to a better understanding of the effects of ethanol (EtOH) per se on the NK-cell population. Both patients with chronic alcoholism without liver disease (AWLD) and subjects with alcohol-induced cirrhosis (ALC) were carefully selected for this study. Immunophenotypical and functional studies of peripheral blood (PB) NK-cells were performed during active EtOH intake and after 3 months of a withdrawal period. In the AWLD group a significant increase in number of NK-cells (CD3-/CD56+) ( P &lt; .05) associated with a parallel increase in NK-cell lytic activity ( P &lt; .01) was observed. In addition, the number of cytotoxic T cells displaying the CD3+/CD56+ phenotype as well as CD8-/CD57+ NK-cell subset was also increased ( P &lt; .01 and P &lt; .001, respectively). By contrast, in ALC patients with active EtOH intake (ALCET group), although a significant increase in the number of NK PB lymphocytes was observed ( P &lt; .05), NK lytic activity was depressed ( P &lt; .05), suggesting the existence of a decreased lytic activity/NK-cell. After 3 months of EtOH withdrawal, PB mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the AWLD group patients still displayed an increased NK cytolytic activity; in addition, the number of PB NK-cells (CD3-/CD56+ and CD8-/CD57+) and CD3+/CD56+ PB T cells continued to be increased. Independently of the duration of withdrawal period, in ALC patients EtOH withdrawal was followed by a slight decrease in the NK lytic activity of PBMC with respect to the values in active alcoholism phase; slight differences observed in the NK lytic activity in ALC patients who quit drinking could be related to the tendency to decrease of the number of NK-cells toward normal values. Furthermore, although an increase in NK cytotoxic activity after stimulation of PBMC with interleukin-2 (IL-2) was observed in ALC, it did not reach the levels observed in healthy subjects. Overall, our results show that the behavior of PB NK-cell population in chronic alcoholism is different according to both the moment of EtOH consumption and the existence or not of ALC. Alcohol by itself induced an increase in the number and lytic activity of NK-cells. By contrast, the NK cytolytic activity is constantly depressed in the stage of alcoholic cirrhosis, supporting the notion that immunosurveillance mechanisms may be affected in these patients.
Balloon dilation of congenital aortic valve stenosis. Results and influence of technical and morphological features on outcome.
Authors: G F Sholler, J F Keane, S B Perry, S P Sanders, J E Lock
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We evaluated dilation technique (n = 80) and aortic valve morphology by two-dimensional echocardiography (n = 58) in patients with congenital aortic valve stenosis to determine their influence on outcome. Patients' age (9 +/- 9 years; range, 1 day-39 years) and a history of surgical valvotomy did not influence outcome. The number of dilating balloons (one vs. two) and balloon: annulus ratio based on the largest balloon used in each case (97 +/- 12%; range, 71-133%) did not demonstrably influence the percent reduction in valvar gradient. In contrast, with a balloon: annulus ratio greater than 100%, the incidence (26%) of significant, dilation-induced aortic regurgitation was higher than occurred when the ratio was equal to or less than 100% (11%). Fifty bicommissural and eight unicommissural valves were identified echocardiographically. Relief of obstruction was associated with apparent commissural division in 24 of 32 patients with suitable postdilation studies. The sites of fusion and stenosis relief did not influence percent reduction in valvar gradient. Substantial increases in aortic regurgitation (greater than three of five grades) occurred in three of eight unicommissural and one of 50 bicommissural valves. The presence of a thick valve was associated with a slightly lower gradient reduction (53 +/- 12%) than thin and pliant valves (63 +/- 24%) (p greater than 0.05). Unlike all other congenital lesions we have studied, dilation technique and balloon size appeared to have a lesser influence on percent reduction in valvar gradient in congenital aortic stenosis, although balloon: annulus ratio influences the increase in aortic regurgitation. Valve morphology appears to assist with predicting the outcome of dilation.
The Neglect of the Anamnesis.
Authors: D. W. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Scranton, Pa., April 26, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I agree with Dr. Bayard Holmes in his recent article (The Journal, April 20, page 1349) that the patient is our study and, that regardless of surroundings, conditions or circumstances, he expects us to cure him without reference to the name of the disease. The patient first asks: "Can you cure me?" Second: "How long will it take?" Scientific diagnostic means, such as the Widal typhoid reaction, used to the exclusion of common sense, will not make the patient well any quicker, as they are only confirmatory, and there are enough other signs to teach one that he is dealing with a sick man. I cite this method, not to condemn it, but to illustrate the tendency to forget that we are treating the genus<i>Homo</i>and not the bacilli. The first and foremost factor is the patient. Get him well. Forget,
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pathological Gambling: Cultural Considerations
Authors: Mayumi Okuda, Iván Balán, Nancy M. Petry, Maria Oquendo, Carlos Blanco
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Pathological gambling is a common disorder with severe consequences for patients and their families. This case study describes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pathological gambling and its general principles and provides an example of a modification of CBT techniques in the treatment of a 51-year-old immigrant Afro-Caribbean woman. The case depicts the contribution of beliefs, especially those that are part of a cultural system, to the perpetuation of a patient's disorder; the influence of family members' attitudes, moved by their cultural beliefs and values, in shaping the patient's behavior; and the consideration of these issues in guiding specific interventions, such as challenging irrational thoughts or helping patients devise strategies to change their behavior in a culturally congruent manner.
Ban advertising in Australian prescribing software, say researchers
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A survey of drug advertisements in Australian prescribing software has found numerous apparent breaches of the drug industry's own voluntary code of conduct. It has led the organisers of the survey to recommend that the Australian government ban the practice of allowing advertisements in such software.

The survey results, published in the Medical Journal of Australia (2005;183: 75-9) reviewed the Medical Director software sold by Health Communications Network. Although the software is the only such program in Australia that includes advertisements, the company estimates that its 16 000 users …
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea
Authors: William T. Abraham, Dariusz Jagielski, Olaf Oldenburg, Ralph Augostini, Steven Krueger, Adam Kolodziej, Klaus-Jürgen Gutleben, Rami Khayat, Andrew Merliss, Manya R. Harsch, Richard G. Holcomb, Shahrokh Javaheri, Piotr Ponikowski
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)

The aim of this study was to evaluate chronic, transvenous, unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation to treat central sleep apnea (CSA) in a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized study. CSA occurs predominantly in patients with heart failure and increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. Established therapies for CSA are lacking, and those available are limited by poor patient adherence. Fifty-seven patients with CSA underwent baseline polysomnography followed by transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation system implantation and follow-up. Feasibility was assessed by implantation success rate and therapy delivery. Safety was evaluated by monitoring of device- and procedure-related adverse events. Efficacy was evaluated by changes in the apnea-hypopnea index at 3 months. Quality of life at 6 months was evaluated using a sleepiness questionnaire, patient global assessment, and, in patients with heart failure at baseline, the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire. The study met its primary end point, demonstrating a 55% reduction in apnea-hypopnea index from baseline to 3 months (49.5 ± 14.6 episodes/h vs. 22.4 ± 13.6 episodes/h of sleep; p < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval for change: −32.3 to −21.9). Central apnea index, oxygenation, and arousals significantly improved. Favorable effects on quality of life and sleepiness were noted. In patients with heart failure, the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire score significantly improved. Device- or procedure-related serious adverse events occurred in 26% of patients through 6 months post therapy initiation, predominantly due to lead repositioning early in the study. Therapy was well tolerated. Efficacy was maintained at 6 months. Transvenous, unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation appears safe and effective for treating CSA. These findings should be confirmed in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. (Chronic Evaluation of Respicardia Therapy; NCT01124370)
The Intern's First Death
Authors: David Bart Reuben
Journal: JAMA (1982)

For the most part, she was like the rest; Overloaded, frothy, frantic for air. I had seen her a dozen times with a dozen different faces And tamed her disease with easy drugs, Leaving her in the acute care bedlam, Shamelessly peeing the noxious juices That swelled her paltry legs and lungs. Now this remnant woman was in my charge, Waiting for meds to clear her edema; meds only a scribble away. Just as my pen was cocked, he approached in a longer coat, Frayed by years of patient care. Then he gently caught my arm and told me not to write. This stranger who could never know my heart, Ignored the ancient sacred oath, And spoiled the intern's only trick— To treat, perhaps to heal. Then children held me with their eyes, Asking for drugs that don't exist; To mend grandmother's failing heart So they could say and do
Postprandial gastro-oesophageal reflux in healthy people.
Authors: M D Kaye
Journal: Gut (1977)

Distal oesophageal pH was monitored for three hours after a standard meal in 10 young healthy subjects without symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Episodes of reflux occurred in nine of these subjects; and, in five, oesophageal pH was less than 5 for between 11 and 75% of the first postprandial hour. Intermittent incompetence of the lower oesophageal sphincter after food must, therefore, be regarded as a normal phenomenon. The method described would be suitable for the evaluation of agents believed to weaken or to strengthen the lower oesophageal sphincter.