tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Lymphosarcoma of Appendix in Childhood
Authors: W. H. Galloway, E. J. Owens
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The absence of urobilin in the urine in the early stages would seem to point to an obstructive element in the jaundice such as might be caused by the bile pigment masses in the small canaliculi that Hutchinson et al. described; however, the alkaline phosphatase was never above 16.3 units.Unfortunately the Coombs tests were done too late to qxclude a haemolytic factor.Apart from the complicating Ps. pyocyanea infection there was no evidence of renal damage.The blood urea remained normal, and there were no casts or red cells in the urine.The serum diastase value of 320 mg. per 100 ml.would appear to suggest disturbance of pancreatic function.The mental state of the patient is worthy of passing comment.There was never any sign of meningitis lepto- spirosa.Three possible theories about causation are: first, that the condition was due to cerebral damage by the organism or its toxins; secondly, that it was due to the severe jaundice; and, thirdly, that the haemorrhagic state present at the onset in the skin was also present in the brain ; this is, I think, the most likely.Summary A case of Weil's disease, with liver-function tests, is described.An attempt is made to correlate these with previously described accounts of the pathology of this condition.Other interesting features of the case are briefly dwelt on.My thanks are due to Dr.
Normal Leg Raising Tests With Herniated Lumbar Disk
Authors: Albert W. Auld
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Often the diagnosis of herniated lumbar intervertebral disk is questioned unless there is some difficulty with the straight leg raising test. Normal straight leg raising maneuvers in patients with classical herniated disk symptoms and abnormal myelograms indicating herniated intervertebral disk have occasionally been seen. In three patients that we have seen, clinical and pathological correlation was made and an explanation for the normal straight leg raising maneuver in this circumstance is postulated.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 59-year-old man with intermittent low back pain of many years duration complained of severe right lower extremity pain for two months. The pain radiated down the posterolateral aspect of the right leg and was increased by cough and sneeze. Despite conservative treatment, consisting of bed rest and pelvic traction, pain continued. There was paravertebral muscle spasm or pelvic tilt. Straight leg raising was full on each side. The ankle
Accuracy of early estimation of maturity.
Authors: T G Girdwood, G Athey, R H McNeill, J Deeble, R G Rangecroft, A A Brown, W Reid
Journal: BMJ (1982)

these methods depend at present on electric power to drive centrifuges.The MAEC method has been adapted, not only for rural hospitals but also for field-survey use by the production of complete "kits" of the equipment and materials needed, and has been widely used for field surveys in the Ivory Coast and Uganda, using a small petrol-driven
Management of pneumothorax
Authors: A. Miller, J. Harvey
Journal: BMJ (1993)

and greatly inhibit atherogenesis.Interactions in vivo between iron and low density lipoprotein are not well defined.The apparent lack of increased atherosclerosis in haemochromatosis may simply mean that modification of low density lipoprotein catalysed by iron is maximal or nearly maximal at a low level ofexcess iron.
The Role of the Urea Cycle and Polyamines in Albumin Synthesis
Authors: Murray Oratz, Marcus A. Rothschild, Sidney S. Schreiber, Alvin Burks, Joseph Mongelli, Barbara Matarese
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Albumin synthesis is stimulated by those amino acids which increase urea synthesis and membrane bound polysome aggregation. Ornithine, an amino acid not incorporated into protein and produced from arginine in the urea cycle, is an albumin-stimulating amino acid and is the precursor of the polyamines, and we have shown that the polyamine spermine promotes bound polysome aggregation. To test the concept that ureogenesis with its generation of ornithine might play a key role in albumin synthesis regulation via the polyamine pathway, isolated livers from fasted donors were perfused with ornithine, α-difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO), and spermine. In control experiments, albumin synthesis was 13.4 ± 0.8 mg per 100 gm liver per hr and polysome aggregation was 47%. These were increased in the presence of ornithine (26.0 ± 2.6 mg and 59%); if the livers were preperfused with DFMO before the addition of ornithine, then the expected increase in albumin synthesis and polysome reaggregation did not occur (16.3 ± 1.4 mg and 47%). However, if spermine was present with DFMO during the preperfusion, then the addition of ornithine had the expected effect (albumin synthesis = 26.1 ±1.2 mg and polysome aggregation = 62%). This suggests that if the ornithine to putrescine pathway is blocked, ornithine does not stimulate albumin synthesis and offers support to the concepts that (a) ornithine stimulation of albumin production is via polyamine synthesis and (b) that the urea cycle plays a more important role in protein metabolism than simply the pathway for nitrogen disposal.
DISTRIBUTION OF ACTINOMYCOSIS IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: ARTHUR H. SANFORD
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The last compilation of cases of actinomycosis in America was published by Erving1in 1902, who reported 100 cases, including the cases in Ruhrah's2very complete study, made in 1899. In 1921 I presented, with Magath,3before the Minnesota State Medical Association, a review of 119 collected cases in the United States and ninety-six cases that had been observed in the Mayo Clinic. This number did not seem to us to represent all the cases of actinomycosis that had been recognized in this country. We believed, also, that the paucity of reports in the literature had kept alive the idea that actinomycosis is a rare condition. I decided, therefore, to collect from as many sources as possible, reports of all types of the disease in this country.  Formerly we followed the suggestion of J. Homer Wright4and other writers as regards nomenclature, callingActinomycesonly an
Hepatocellular expression of lymphocyte function—associated antigen 3 in chronic hepatitis
Authors: Frank Autschbach, Stefan C. Meuer, Ulrich Moebius, Michael Manns, Georg Hess, Karl-Hermann Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, Wolfgang Thoenes, Hans-Peter Dienes
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

T lymphocyte-mediated cytolytic immune reactions are considered a major cause of hepatocyte injury in chronic viral and autoimmune hepatitis. To further investigate local immune responses, we studied the expression of lymphocyte antigens and cell-cell interaction molecules known to be involved in effector-target cell interactions by light and electron microscopy in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic viral and autoimmune hepatitis. CD8+ lymphocytes were found to be the predominant population of cells in the inflammatory infiltrate in chronic hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis. In contrast, CD4+ cells constituted a comparably higher proportion of cells and were more numerous than CD8+ cells in chronic autoimmune hepatitis. In both viral and autoimmune hepatitis, a substantial portion of lymphocytes expressed activation antigens such as T11/3 (CD2R) and IL-2-R (CD25). Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (CD58), which mediates lymphocyte adhesion and activation and is the natural ligand of the CD2/T11 lymphocyte surface receptor, could be demonstrated on endothelial cells and hepatocytes. Hepatocellular lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 expression in chronic hepatitis showed membranous and cytoplasmic staining of hepatocytes and had a positive correlation with the degree of inflammatory activity. These results suggest that effector-target interactions between hepatocytes and lymphocytes mediated by the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3/CD2 pathway play a role in chronic inflammatory liver disease. Possible functional consequences of this interaction include enhancement of antigen-specific immune reactions and antigen-independent mechanisms of T cell activation, which may contribute considerably to the degree of inflammatory activity and tissue damage in chronic hepatitis.
Local government must take up fight against obesity after government fails to do so, says expert
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The obesity epidemic requires inspirational public health leaders working in local government to take up the fight that the UK government has shirked, says a leading expert.

Philip James, president of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, said that the epidemic had become “out of control” because of a failure to regulate and change the way the food and drinks industry operates.

He urged members of the UK Faculty of Public Health at its annual conference in Cardiff on 19 July to demonstrate leadership, singling out in particular those in England who will be moving to new council posts from next year under the government’s changes to public health.

They should enforce “zoning” to prevent firms selling and promoting junk foods …
Hemodynamic Effects of Bosentan, an Endothelin Receptor Antagonist, in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: D. James Williamson, Lucinda L. Wallman, Richard Jones, Anne M. Keogh, Frances Scroope, None BEd, Ronald Penny, Cornelia Weber, Peter S. Macdonald
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Few treatments are available for isolated pulmonary hypertension (PHT), which has a high morbidity and mortality. This trial was designed to assess the hemodynamic effects of bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in patients with PHT, in which local overproduction of endothelin-1 (ET-1) is thought to play a pathogenic role.An open-label, dose-ranging study was performed in 7 female patients with primary PHT (n=5) or isolated PHT associated with limited scleroderma (n=2). Infusions of 50, 150, and 300 mg were administered at 2-hour intervals, and the hemodynamic responses were measured. Bosentan caused a dose-dependent fall in total pulmonary resistance (-20.0+/-11.0%, P=0.01) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (-10.6+/-11.0%, P>0.05). However, there was also a fall in the systemic vascular resistance (-26.2+/-12.8%, P<0.005) and mean arterial pressure (-19.8+/-14.4%, P<0.001). There was a slight increase in cardiac index (15+/-12%, P>0.05) and a dose-dependent rise in ET-1 but no significant change in other hemodynamic variables, gas exchange, or other vasoactive mediators.Intravenous bosentan is a potent but nonselective pulmonary vasodilator at the doses tested, even in patients resistant to inhaled nitric oxide. Transient increases in plasma ET-1 were observed, consistent with a blockade of endothelial ET(B) receptors. Systemic hypotension and other significant events during the study indicate that its intravenous use in patients with severe PHT may be limited. Implications for future trial design and studies of chronic oral treatment are discussed.
Suicide Among New York City Police Officers, 1977–1996
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk, Matthew K. Nock, Andrew C. Leon, Laura Portera, Kenneth Tardiff
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the suicide rates of New York City police officers during a recent period. METHOD: The authors reviewed death certificates of active New York City police officers who died from 1977 through 1996 (N=668); age-, gender-, and race-specific suicide rates among New York City police officers and the city’s residents were determined. RESULTS: The police suicide rate was 14.9 per 100,000 person-years, compared with a demographically adjusted suicide rate of New York City residents of 18.3 per 100,000 person-years. Suicide rates among male police officers were comparable to their reference population. Female police officers had a higher risk of suicide than female residents of New York, but the number of suicides of female police officers was small. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of suicide among New York City police officers is equal to, or even lower than, the suicide rate of the city’s resident population.
Absorption of lithium from controlled-release preparations.
Authors: R P Hullin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

did describe one case, in an elderly porter at the London Hospital, in 1890, before Horton in 1932, just as others had described what Barber later termed polymyalgia rheumatica in 1957, but in each case the fuller description merited the attention it attracted.Dr Paulley is also correct in saying that the ophthalmic artery and its other branches become occluded more often than the central artery of the retina.Wilkinson and Russell1 in their necropsy study of 12 patients who died with active giant-cell arteritis found a high incidence of disease of the superficial temporal, vertebral, ophthalmic, and posterior ciliary arteries with less frequent disease of the internal and external carotid and central retinal arteries.-ED,BM7.
Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Pericardial Heart Disease
Authors: JEFFREY M. ISNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

To evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of pericardial heart disease, 53 patients were prospectively studied by computed tomography of the chest and cardiac ultrasound. A diagnostic-quality CT study was done for all patients; a technically satisfactory ultrasound examination was not possible in six patients. Of 47 patients in whom both chest scans and satisfactory ultrasound studies were obtained, computed tomography showed pericardial thickening not shown by ultrasound in five patients. Estimated size of pericardial effusion was the same for both computed tomography and ultrasound. Computed tomography provided quantifiable evaluation of the composition of pericardial fluid in seven patients with either hemopericardium or purulent pericarditis. Neoplastic pericardial heart disease was detected by CT scan in four of the 53 patients. Computed tomography of the chest provides a sensitive evaluation of the pericardium and quality of pericardial effusion, and is a valuable adjunct in patients in whom cardiac ultrasound is technically unsatisfactory.
Isomorphism and representationalism
Authors: Riccardo Luccio
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Lehar tries to build a computational theory that succeeds in offering the same computational model for both phenomenal experience and visual processing. However, the vision that Lehar has about isomorphism in Gestalttheorie as representational, is not adequate. The main limit of Lehar's model derives from this misunderstanding of the relation between phenomenal and physiological levels.
A Response to Commentators on "Differences from Somewhere: The Normativity of Whiteness in Bioethics in the United States"
Authors: Catherine Myser
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

(2003). A Response to Commentators on 'Differences from Somewhere: The Normativity of Whiteness in Bioethics in the United States' The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 56-62.
Survival and prognostic factors in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. A multivariate analysis in 110 patients
Authors: A. Abad-L, E. Cabré, F. Glez-Huix, F. Fdez-Bañares, M. Esteve, R. Planas, J. Boix, P. Humbert, J.C. Quer, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Abstract 2960: Identification of <i>Runx3</i> as a gatekeeper of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: You-Soub Lee, Ju-Won Jang, Xin-Zi Chi, Yoshiaki Ito, Suk-Chul Bae
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract It is thought that SP-C/CC10 double positive cells, which normally contribute to the renewal of lung epithelial cells, are the origin adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung. The present study shows that postnatal disruption of Runx3 in the mouse lung results in dedifferentiation of bronchiolar epithelial cells into SP-C/CC10 double positive cells. The double positive cells differentiate into SP-C single positive cells and adenoma (median survival, longer than 1 year). When Adenovirus-Cre was infected, LSL-K-RasG12D mice induced ADC in prolonged latency (median survival, 220 days) and Runx3f/f/LSL-K-RasG12D mice rapidly induced ADC (median survival, 79 days), indicating a strong tumor suppressor activity of Runx3. When Cre was activated in a limited number of cells through a leaky activation of Cretm/ERT in the absence of tamoxifen, K-RasLSL-G12D/+/Cretm/ERT mice did not induce lung ADC. In contrast, simultaneous inactivation of Runx3 and activation of K-Ras (Runx3f/f/K-RasLSL-G12D/+/Cretm/ERT) induced lung ADC with striking morphological similarities to human lung ADC in all mice (median survival, 48 days after birth). We also found that Runx3 forms a complex with BRD2 (a relative of TAF250) in a K-Ras activity-dependent manner and the complex transiently induces p14ARF and p21. When K-Ras was constitutively activated, the Runx3-BRD2 complex was maintained for long time and the expressions of p14ARF and p21 was continued. Disruption of the Runx3-BRD2 complex abolished expression of these two genes. These results suggest that cells recognize oncogenic K-Ras through a monitoring system composed of Runx3-BRD2 complex and Runx3-inactivation leads to abrogation of the monitoring system as well as dedifferentiation of lung epithelial cells. Citation Format: You-Soub Lee, Ju-Won Jang, Xin-Zi Chi, Yoshiaki Ito, Suk-Chul Bae. Identification of Runx3 as a gatekeeper of lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2960. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2960
834 CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PRODUCTION QUANTITY OF ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP) AND DES-GAMMA- CARBOXY PROTHROMBIN (DCP) IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: K. Yamamoto, H. Imamura, T. Aoki, K. Hasegawa, Y. Beck, Y. Sugawara, M. Makuuchi, N. Kokudo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The common marmoset genome provides insight into primate biology and evolution
Authors: Kim C. Worley, Wesley C. Warren, Jeffrey Rogers, Devin Locke, Donna M. Muzny, Elaine R. Mardis, George M. Weinstock, Suzette D. Tardif, Kjersti M. Aagaard, Nicoletta Archidiacono, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Mark A. Batzer, Kathryn Beal, Brona Brejova, Oronzo Capozzi, Saverio B. Capuano, Claudio Casola, Mimi M. Chandrabose, Andrew Cree, Marvin Diep Dao, Pieter J. De Jong, Ricardo Cruz-Herrera del Rosario, Kim D. Delehaunty, Huyen H. Dinh, Evan E. Eichler, Stephen Fitzgerald, Paul Flicek, Catherine C. Fontenot, R. Gerald Fowler, Catrina Fronick, Lucinda A. Fulton, Robert S. Fulton, Ramatu Ayiesha Gabisi, Daniel Gerlach, Tina A. Graves, Preethi H. Gunaratne, Matthew W. Hahn, David Haig, Yi Han, R. Alan Harris, Javier Herrero, La Deana W. Hillier, Robert Hubley, Jennifer F. Hughes, Jennifer Hume, Shalini N. Jhangiani, Lynn B. Jorde, Vandita Joshi, Emre Karakor, Miriam K. Konkel, Carolin Kosiol, Christie LKovar, Evgenia V. Kriventseva, Sandra L. Lee, Lora R. Lewis, Yih Shin Liu, John Lopez, Carlos Lopez-Otin, Belen Lorente-Galdos, Keith G. Mansfield, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Patrick Minx, Doriana Misceo, J. Scott Moncrieff, Margaret B. Morgan, Lynne V. Nazareth, Irene Newsham, Ngoc Bich Nguyen, Geoffrey O. Okwuonu, Shyam Prabhakar, Lora Perales, Ling Ling Pu, Xose S. Puente, Victor Quesada, Megan C. Ranck, Brian J. Raney, Muthuswamy Raveendran, David Rio Deiros, Mariano Rocchi, David Rodriguez, Corinna Ross, Magali Ruffier, San Juana Ruiz, Saba Sajjadian, Jireh Santibanez, Daniel R. Schrider, Steve Searle, Helen Skaletsky, Benjamin Soibam, Arian F.A. Smit, Jayantha B. Tennakoon, Lubomir Tomaska, Brygg Ullmer, Charles E. Vejnar, Mario Ventura, Albert J. Vilella, Tomas Vinar, Jan Hinnerk Vogel, Jerilyn A. Walker, Qing Wang, Crystal M. Warner, Derek E. Wildman, David J. Witherspoon, Rita A. Wright, Yuanqing Wu, Weimin Xiao, Jinchuan Xing, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Baoli Zhu, Richard A. Gibbs, Richard K. Wilson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)

We report the whole-genome sequence of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The 2.26-Gb genome of a female marmoset was assembled using Sanger read data (6×) and a whole-genome shotgun strategy. A first analysis has permitted comparison with the genomes of apes and Old World monkeys and the identification of specific features that might contribute to the unique biology of this diminutive primate, including genetic changes that may influence body size, frequent twinning and chimerism. We observed positive selection in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor genes (growth pathways), respiratory complex I genes (metabolic pathways), and genes encoding immunobiological factors and proteases (reproductive and immunity pathways). In addition, both protein-coding and microRNA genes related to reproduction exhibited evidence of rapid sequence evolution. This genome sequence for a New World monkey enables increased power for comparative analyses among available primate genomes and facilitates biomedical research application.
Selective abnormal response to Streptococcus pneumoniae heptavalent conjugate vaccine in patients with recurrent infections and normal immunoglobulin concentrations*1
Authors: V. Moschese, C. Capponi, L. Chini, L. Nicolosi, F. Angelini, M. Chianca, E. Freda, P. Ciaffi, P. Rossi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Multicentric Castleman disease is associated with polyfunctional effector memory HHV-8–specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Amélie Guihot, Eric Oksenhendler, Lionel Galicier, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Laura Papagno, Anne-Sophie Bedin, Félix Agbalika, Nicolas Dupin, Jacques Cadranel, Brigitte Autran, Guislaine Carcelain
Journal: Blood (2007)
Antitrypsin Deficiency in Pulmonary Disease: The Significance of Intermediate Levels
Authors: MARTIN H. WELCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Deficiency of serum alpha1 antitrypsin is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, with the homozygous state manifested by severe deficiency and the heterozygous state by intermediate levels. Homozygotes often develop a distinctive form of pulmonary emphysema, although no correlation between severity of lung disease and severity of antitrypsin deficiency has been demonstrated within this group. The relationship of intermediate antitrypsin levels to lung disease is discussed. Three of 51 healthy persons and 17 of 146 consecutive patients with pulmonary disease had intermediate antitrypsin levels. This difference in prevalence is not statistically significant. The character of pulmonary disease in 18 intermediate patients and 13 severely deficient patients was compared with respect to clinical presentation, chest radiograph, pulmonary function abnormalities, and pattern of pulmonary perfusion. Dissimilarities in the two groups are described. These data suggest that intermediate antitrypsin levels are not important in the causation of pulmonary disease.
Bad medicine: digital rectal examination
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Rectal examination was a “must do” examination during my medical education, but in the real world of clinical practice I have always wondered why. For many years I taught medical students rectal examination using plastic dummies. I explained that largely it was a useless examination, but this met with hostility: “They wouldn’t teach us this if it was pointless, Dr Spence!” It was futile to challenge the orthodoxy, so I approached the clinical exams like a drama teacher might approach an end of term school musical. The clinical examiners always said it was “great,” but we all …
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND RECLASSIFICATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: INSIGHTS FROM NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY-III
Authors: Apurva Badheka, Nileshkumar Patel, Tushar Tuliani, Ankit Rathod, George Marzouka, Mauro Moscucci, Mauricio Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)