tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2609: Astrocytes decrease the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma stem-like cells.
Authors: Barbara H. Rath, Kevin Camphausen, Philip J. Tofilon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Radiotherapy remains a primary treatment modality for glioblastoma (GBM). However, despite their extensive biological heterogeneity, although some GBMs respond better than others, they all essentially fail radiotherapy. This relatively homogeneous clinical response in a background of inter-tumor heterogeneity suggests that the microenvironment may play a significant role in determining their radioresponse. Data now suggest that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) play a critical role in GBM development and maintenance. Therefore, towards developing a model system for investigating the role of the microenvironment in GBM radioresponse, we have used human GSCs grown in co-culture with human astrocytes. For these studies GSCs were seeded into the lower compartment of Boyden chambers with astrocytes in the upper compartment. GSC numbers were determined at times out to 18 days after seeding according to ATP content. The proliferation rate of GSCs in co-culture was similar to that obtained when astrocytes were not included in the upper chamber, indicating that astrocytes had no effect on the growth rate of GSCs. To determine whether astrocytes influence GSC radiosensitivity, 48h after co-culture initiation GSCs were irradiated with doses up to 6 Gy; ATP content of the cells were defined 11 days later and radiation survival curves generated. The resulting survival curves showed that the GSCs irradiated under co-culture conditions were significantly less sensitive than those irradiated in the absence of astrocytes. To begin to address the mechanisms responsible for the increased radioresistance of co-cultured GSCs, radiation-induced γ-H2AX nuclear foci were defined in GSCs grown with and without astrocyte co-culture. The initial level of γ-H2AX foci in GSCs was reduced significantly in co-cultures as compared to GSCs cultured in the absence of astrocytes suggesting the induction of fewer DNA double strand breaks. In addition, gene expression profiles generated from GSCs grown in co-culture were significantly different from control GSCs suggesting that astrocytes induced phenotypic modifications. Finally, profiling of astrocyte conditioned media revealed increased levels of a variety of chemokines/growth factors, including a number of which that have already been linked to radioresponse such as HGF, IL-6 and EGF. Taken together, these results are consistent with an astrocyte-mediated radioprotection of GBM cells and provide additional support for a critical role of the microenvironment in contributing to GBM radioresistance. Citation Format: Barbara H. Rath, Kevin Camphausen, Philip J. Tofilon. Astrocytes decrease the radiosensitivity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2609. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2609
Dextrorotation of the Heart
Authors: STEPHEN M. AYRES, ISRAEL STEINBERG
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Dextrorotation of the heart is a morphologic entity characterized by rotation to the right in both frontal and transverse planes of the body; the relative location of the cardiac chambers is normal. In contrast to mirror-image dextrocardia, which results from a defect in lateralization of the entire embryo occurring in the first 10 days of fetal life, dextrorotation results from a teratogenic agent acting in the sixth fetal week. More than 75 per cent of the patients with dextrorotation in this series had associated congenital cardiac anomalies. Corrected transposition of the great vessels was present in eight of 41 patients. A normal electrocardiogram provided a clear differentiation from mirror-image dextrocardia; angiocardiography permitted precise analysis of the in-vivo morphology.
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force Report on omalizumab-associated anaphylaxis
Authors: Linda Cox, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Ira Finegold, Lawrence B. Schwartz, F. Estelle R. Simons, Dana V. Wallace
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
A cosmid contig and high resolution restriction map of the 2 megabase region containing the Huntington's disease gene
Authors: Sarah Baxendale, Marcy E. MacDonald, Richard Mott, Fiona Francis, Carol Lin, Susan F. Kirby, Marianne James, Günther Zehetner, Holger Hummerich, John Valdes, Francis S. Collins, Larry J. Deaven, James F. Gusella, Hans Lehrach, Gillian P. Bates
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Cancer survival in Africa, Asia, and Central America: a population-based study
Authors: Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Rajaraman Swaminathan, Hermann Brenner, Kexin Chen, Kee Seng Chia, Jian Guo Chen, Stephen CK Law, Yoon-Ok Ahn, Yong Bing Xiang, Balakrishna B Yeole, Hai Rim Shin, Viswanathan Shanta, Ze Hong Woo, Nimit Martin, Yupa Sumitsawan, Hutcha Sriplung, Adolfo Ortiz Barboza, Sultan Eser, Bhagwan M Nene, Krittika Suwanrungruang, Padmavathiamma Jayalekshmi, Rajesh Dikshit, Henry Wabinga, Divina B Esteban, Adriano Laudico, Yasmin Bhurgri, Ebrima Bah, Nasser Al-Hamdan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2009)
Invariant chain is the core protein of the Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.
Authors: A J Sant, S E Cullen, K S Giacoletto, B D Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The murine Ia-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) was studied both biochemically and immunochemically to determine the nature of its core protein. Chondroitinase ABC or chondroitinase AC treatment of the CSPG digested the chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan, yielding a core protein that migrated with an apparent molecular weight of 38,000. Comparative V8 protease digestion of the CSPG core protein and conventional invariant glycoproteins yielded homologous peptides, indicating that the core protein and invariant chain were structurally similar. The purified CSPG and its core protein were both shown to react directly with the monoclonal anti-invariant chain antibody, In-1. Comparative tryptic peptide analysis by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated coelution of the majority of the peptides from the invariant chain and the CSPG core protein. Collectively, these results indicate that the CSPG is an alternatively processed form of invariant chain.
Immune Deposits in Normal Skin in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Doyt L. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis, the various skin lesions are associated with the presence of immune deposits, suggesting that they may be important in the genesis of the skin lesions. In addition, immunoglobulins and complement have been found in normal-appearing skin in these diseases. Immunoglobulin deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction of clinically uninvolved skin are found in approximately 50% of patients with SLE.<sup>1</sup>The localization of the immune deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction in SLE may be due to the affinity of DNA for connective tissue in that area.<sup>2</sup>Immune deposits are found in subepidermal vessels in normal-appearing skin in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.<sup>3</sup>The localization of immune deposits in rheumatoid arthritis is in small vessels, as in the Arthus reaction. It is not clear why the immune deposits may result in skin lesions in some situations and not in others. Such factors
Characteristics of Firearms Involved in Fatalities
Authors: Stephen W. Hargarten
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To document the types of firearms associated with firearm fatalities, and to determine the availability of information on firearm characteristics in existing data sources.Review of police, medical examiner, and crime laboratory records for all firearm homicides and review of medical examiner records for all suicides and unintentional and undetermined firearm fatalities.City of Milwaukee, Wis, from 1990 through 1994.A total of 175 firearm suicides and 524 firearm homicides.Source of data; circumstances and means of death; host demographic characteristics; firearm make, model, caliber, barrel length, and serial number.Handguns accounted for 468 (89%) of 524 firearm homicides and 124 (71%) of 175 firearm suicides. Handguns of .25 caliber accounted for 14% (n = 63) of 438 firearm homicides and 12% (n = 15) of all firearm suicides in which caliber was known. The Raven MP-25 was the single most commonly identified firearm and accounted for 10% (n = 15) of 153 handgun homicide cases and 7% (n = 7) of the 76 suicide cases in which the manufacturer of the firearm was identified. From all data sources combined, information on firearm type was available in 681 (97%) of 699 cases, caliber/gauge in 636 cases (91%), manufacturer/model in 309 cases (44%), and serial number in 276 cases (40%).Inexpensive, short-barreled .25-caliber handguns were the most common weapon type associated with firearm homicides and suicides in Milwaukee during 1990 through 1994. Product-specific information is a crucial part of planning appropriate injury countermeasures for firearms. In combination, police, crime laboratory, and medical examiner data can supply this information with modest changes in data collection procedures.
EFFECT OF CILOSTAZOL ADDING OR CLOPIDOGREL DOUBLING ON PLATELET FUNCTION WITH DIABETES MELLITUS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY
Authors: Sang Jin Ha, Weon Kim, Jong Shin Woo, Tae-Kyung Yu, Soo Joong Kim, Woo-Shik Kim, Myeong Kon Kim, Kwon Sam Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 528: Characterization of Δ7/11, a functional prolactin-binding protein.
Authors: Jodie M. Fleming, Erika Ginsburg, Christopher McAndrew, Christopher Heger, LaShanda Cheston, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Barbara K. Vonderhaar, Goldsmith Paul
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prolactin is essential for normal mammary gland development and differentiation, and has been shown to promote tumor cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Soluble isoforms of the prolactin receptor have been reported to regulate prolactin bioavailability by functioning as “prolactin binding proteins.” Included in this category is Δ7/11, a product of alternate splicing of the prolactin receptor primary transcript. However, the direct interactions of prolactin with Δ7/11, and the resulting effect on cell behavior, have not been investigated. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of Δ7/11 to bind prolactin using a novel proximity ligation assay and traditional immunoprecipitation techniques. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that Δ7/11 was heavily glycosylated, similar to the extracellular domain of the primary prolactin receptor, and that glycosylation regulated the cellular localization and secretion of Δ7/11. Low levels of Δ7/11 were detected in serum samples of healthy volunteers, but were undetectable in human milk samples. Expression of Δ7/11 was also detected in six of the 62 primary breast tumor biopsies analyzed; however, no correlation was found with Δ7/11 expression and tumor histotype or other patient demographics. Functional analysis demonstrated the ability of Δ7/11 to inhibit prolactin-induced cell proliferation as well as alter prolactin-induced rescue of cell cycle arrest/early senescence events in breast epithelial cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Δ7/11 is a novel regulatory mechanism of prolactin bioavailability and signaling. Citation Format: Jodie M. Fleming, Erika Ginsburg, Christopher McAndrew, Christopher Heger, LaShanda Cheston, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Barbara K. Vonderhaar, Goldsmith Paul. Characterization of Δ7/11, a functional prolactin-binding protein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 528. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-528
UK food standards agency aims to rebuild trust in food
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Plans to set up a food standards agency in Britain–to be known as the Food and Health Commission–were endorsed last week by the prime minister, Tony Blair, on the basis of a report commissioned from Professor Philip James, director of the Rowett Research Institute in Aberdeen.

Mr Blair said that he is determined to rebuild public confidence in the safety of food, after major scares over beef and outbreaks of Escherichia coli . He has …
On Closed-Chest Cardiac Resuscitation
Authors: Albert D. Warshauer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Chandra et al, in their article "Abdominal Binding During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Man" (1981;246:351), have discussed closed-chest cardiac resuscitation. The subject of closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has been obscured by two circumstances: (1) the widespread conviction that closed-chest CPR cannot harm, but might help, patients, and (2) the combining of a ventilatory procedure of established merit with a circulatory procedure that causes serious risk and possesses dubious efficacy. Let us examine these circumstances. Two current tacit assumptions are that "cardiac arrest" is never erroneously diagnosed and that closedchest cardiac resuscitation could not conceivably be lethal—because without it, the patient already is dead and hence nothing can be lost by trying any measures to resuscitate him. Although other physicians may accept these assumptions, neither assumption uniformly parallels my experience. Control ventilation, preferably with extra oxygen, often greatly helps patients. Admittedly, gastric pressurization, regurgitation, and aspiration do happen and
The Association Between Prenatal Care and Birth Weight Among Women Exposed to Cocaine in New York City: A Correction
Authors: Andrew D. Racine, Theodore J. Joyce, Richard Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We are writing to alert the readers of<i>JAMA</i>to two errors we have discovered in our article, "The Association Between Prenatal Care and Birth Weight Among Women Exposed to Cocaine in New York City."<sup>1</sup>The first is a transcriptional error that appears in Table 1 and the second is a coding error in one of the variables that will result in changes to Tables 1, 4, and 5 as well as Figs 1 and 2. The transcriptional error concerns the values of prenatal exposures to other drugs. As they appear in Table 1 in the published article, these values are 5% for blacks, 5% for whites, and 3% for Hispanics. These values should read 24% for blacks, 35% for whites, and 31% for Hispanics. The coding error occurred in programming the missing values for the variable prepregnancy weight. On the data tapes we received from
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER.
Authors: ALBERT KOCHER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Out of 3,460 operations for goiter performed in Professor Kocher's clinics in Berne up to date, 315 have been done on 254 patients afflicted with exophthalmic goiter, of which I will speak here. My father, Theodor Kocher, was one of the first to operate on the thyroid gland in this disease, which he always claimed to be caused by hyperactivity of the thyroid. The results of his operations on the gland have been up to date so satisfactory that he has proceeded in very much the same way for the past twenty-five years. I will say only a few words of other operations. In three excisions of the sympathetic nerve, to which I referred in my paper in 1902, the operations had absolutely no permanent or progressive effect on any symptom of the disease. Another, done two years ago, following an operation on the thyroid gland, merely to influence the
Prediction of Mortality and Major Cardiac Events by Exercise Echocardiography in Patients With Normal Exercise Electrocardiographic Testing
Authors: Alberto Bouzas-Mosquera, Jesús Peteiro, Nemesio Álvarez-García, Francisco J. Broullón, Victor X. Mosquera, Lourdes García-Bueno, Luis Ferro, Alfonso Castro-Beiras
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)

We sought to assess the value of exercise echocardiography (EE) for predicting outcome in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease and normal exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) testing.The prognostic value of EE in patients with normal exercise ECG testing has not been characterized.We studied 4,004 consecutive patients (2,358 men, mean age [+/- SD] 59.6 +/- 12.5 years) with interpretable ECG who underwent treadmill EE and did not develop chest pain or ischemic ECG abnormalities during the tests. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was evaluated at rest and with exercise, and the difference (DeltaWMSI) was calculated. Ischemia was defined as the development of new or worsening wall motion abnormalities with exercise. End points were all-cause mortality and major cardiac events (MACE).Overall, 669 patients (16.7%) developed ischemia with exercise. During a mean follow-up of 4.5 +/- 3.4 years, 313 patients died, and 183 patients had a MACE before any revascularization procedure. The 5-year mortality and MACE rates were 6.4% and 4.2% in patients without ischemia versus 12.1% and 10.1% in those with ischemia, respectively (p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, DeltaWMSI remained an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40 to 5.32, p = 0.003) and MACE (HR: 3.59, 95% CI: 1.42 to 9.07, p = 0.007). The addition of the EE results to the clinical, resting echocardiographic and exercise hemodynamic data significantly increased the global chi-square of the models for the prediction of mortality (p = 0.005) and MACE (p = 0.009).The use of EE provides significant prognostic information for predicting mortality and MACE in patients with interpretable ECG and normal exercise ECG testing.
Circulatory Congestion in Chronic Renal Failure: Hemodynamic Studies.
Authors: Francesco del Greco
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Circulatory Congestion in Chronic Renal Failure: Hemodynamic Studies.Francesco del Greco, M.D., J. Shere, M.D., N. M. Simon, M.D.Francesco del Greco, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Shere, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, N. M. Simon, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-318_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDyspnea, orthopnea, edema, venous distention, pulmonary congestion, and cardiomegaly are not unusual in patients with chronic renal failure. On clinical rounds alone, it is difficult to ascribe these symptoms and signs to myocardial failure or to noncardiac circulatory congestion. The latter is characterized by normal or increased cardiac output and poor response to digitalization. Studies were undertaken, therefore, to define cardiac hemodynamics in patients with advanced chronic renal insufficiency presenting clinical features of "congestive heart failure."Fourteen patients with blood urea nitrogen levels ranging from 40 to 250 mg/100 ml were studied on 18 occasions. Cardiac output (CO) was measured... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Francesco del Greco, M.D.; J. Shere, M.D.; N. M. Simon, M.D.Affiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVenous arterialization for hemodialysis 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 318-318KeywordsBlood urea nitrogenCardiac outputDyspneaEdemaHeart failureHemodynamicsLongitudinal studiesRenal failureSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
The American Cancer Society, American Diabetes Association, and American Heart Association Joint Statement on Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes
Authors: Alexander M. Clark, Kim Raine, Dennis Raphael
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

By focusing on shared causes of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, the recent joint statement (1) from the American Diabetes Association, American Cancer Society, and American Heart Association is to be welcomed. However, while the statement draws attention to the importance of influencing lifestyle behaviors, treatments, health systems, and the law, these diseases also share social causes that the statement does not address or acknowledge. The social determinants …
Sample size: how many participants are needed in a trial?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of a home based early intervention on children's body mass index (BMI) at age 2 years. A randomised controlled superiority trial was used. The intervention consisted of eight home visits from specially trained community nurses in the first 24 months after birth; this was in addition to the usual childhood nursing service from community health service nurses. The control group received the usual childhood nursing service alone. Participants were first time mothers and their infants. The primary outcome was children's BMI at age 2.1 The sample size calculation was based on having 80% power to detect a difference in mean BMI of 0.25 units between treatment groups at age 2, using a two sided hypothesis test and critical level of significance of 0.05. It was assumed that the standard deviation of observations in each group was the same and equal to 1.5 BMI units. A total sample size of 504 participants (252 in each treatment arm) was required. To allow for an estimated 20% dropout rate it would be necessary to recruit 630 first time mothers. In total, 667 first time mothers and their infants were recruited to the trial. At age 2 years, mean BMI was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (16.53 v 16.82; difference 0.29, 95% confidence interval −0.55 to −0.02; P=0.04). The researchers concluded that a home based early intervention delivered by trained community nurses was effective in reducing mean BMI in children at age 2 years. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Abstract 13120: Relationship between Sodium Intake and Sleep Apneain Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Takatoshi Kasai, JoAnne Arcand, Johane P Allard, Susanna Mak, Eduardo R Azevedo, Gary E Newton, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Sleep apnea (SA) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the reason for this is unclear. We showed that overnight rostral fluid shift from the legs and degree of fluid r...