tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Indium-111-labeled platelets: effects of heparin on uptake by venous thrombi and relationship to the activated partial thromboplastin time.
Authors: P F Fedullo, K M Moser, K S Moser, R Konopka, M T Hartman
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The goal of heparin therapy in deep vein thrombosis is to prevent thrombus extension. The relationship between thrombus extension and the results of coagulation tests used to monitor heparin therapy is unclear. To explore this relationship, we studied the effect of several heparin regimens on the accretion of indium-111-labeled platelets on fresh venous thrombi, as detected by gamma imaging, and monitored the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Six dogs were treated with a 300-U/kg bolus of heparin followed by a 90-U/kg/hour heparin infusion, a dose of heparin sufficient to increase the APTT to levels greater than eight times baseline (APTT ratio); platelet accretion (thrombus imaging) occurred only after the heparin effect was reversed with protamine sulfate. Nineteen dogs were treated with a 150-U/kg bolus of heparin followed by a 4-hour, 45-U/kg/hour heparin infusion; a thrombus was demonstrated only after protamine injection in 12 (mean APTT ratio 1.3 +/- 0.19) and before protamine injection in seven. In thirteen of these 19 dogs, 30 minutes separated the platelet injection from heparin therapy, while in six this duration was less than 30 minutes. In four of these six dogs, thrombi were demonstrated before protamine therapy and at APTT ratios greater than 3.0. Finally, 10 dogs were treated with a 100-U/kg bolus followed by a 3-hour, 50-U/kg/hour heparin infusion, after which the APTT was allowed to return to baseline values spontaneously. In all 10 dogs, a thrombus was demonstrated only after cessation of the heparin infusion, and at a mean APTT ratio of 1.4 +/- 0.15 times baseline. These results suggest that, except with very early platelet injection, platelet accretion by thrombi is consistently inhibited by heparin at APTT ratios greater than 2.5. Platelet accretion by venous thrombi occurs within narrow limits of heparin effect as reflected by the APTT.
Web based surveillance systems could improve disease detection and the response to emerging disease events
Authors: G. J. Milinovich, W. Hu
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Chinese government should be commended for its open, concerted, and rapid response to the recent H7N9 influenza outbreak. However, the first known case was not reported until 48 days after disease onset.1 Although the difficulties in detecting the virus and the lack of suitable diagnostic methods have been the focus of discussion,2 systematic limitations that may have contributed to this delay have hardly been discussed. The detection speed of surveillance systems is limited by the highly structured nature of information flow and hierarchical organisation of these systems. Flu surveillance usually relies on notification to a central authority of laboratory confirmed cases or presentations to sentinel practices for flu-like illness. Each step in this pathway presents a bottleneck at which information and time can be lost; this limitation must be dealt with...
Effect of Posture on Exercise Performance
Authors: DAVID H. SPODICK, V. M. QUARRY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

In the July issue of this journal' Drs.Spodick and Quarry-Pigott studied the influence of postural attitude on exercise performance measured by systolic time intervals.Recently we performed identical tests on five male volunteers between 27 and 32 years of age.However, in our schedule, the individuals were sub- jected to maximal tolerance tests in steps of 25 Watts during 4 min periods.Simultaneous registration of the carotid pulse tracing, ECG, and phonocardiograms were made every 2 min during the test and every minute during the recovery period.We found similar results (table 1) as Dr. Spodick; however, in our study there was a significant increase of LVETc and ETI in the supine position.Although this increase was not as important as the one which we obtained in the sitting position, the change in position accounts for about half of it.Since LVETc and ETI are merely influenced by changes of stroke volume,2 our results suggest that this volume does in- crease during supine exercise.
Regarding the Acute Care of the Elderly Model
Authors: Heidi Wald, Ethan Cumbler
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The Health of Prisoners
Authors: A. Daniels
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Richard Creese, W F Bynum, J Bearn Rodopi, Amsterdam, pp 184 ISBN 90 5183 817 4

Judged dispassionately, prisons don't work. The more we punish, the more we are plagued by crime. But prisons are not alone in their futility: our hospitals partake of it as well. The more patients we treat, the more illness there is. In fact, all human institutions are mere holding operations against chaos and dissolution. The position of doctors who work in prison is highly ambiguous, and always has been. Are prison doctors agents …
Maintaining perioperative normothermia
Authors: C. M. Harper
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Perioperative hypothermia can have a wide range of underappreciated, detrimental effects. These include increased rates of wound infection, morbid cardiac events, blood loss, and length of stay in both recovery and hospital. Maintaining core temperature at or above 36°C can be beneficial for the patient and cost effective.

Frank et al studied high risk cardiac patients undergoing thoracic, abdominal, and vascular surgery.1 Patients randomised to routine thermal care were, on average, 1.3°C cooler than patients warmed more aggressively. Despite this small difference the incidence of perioperative morbid cardiac events, assessed in a double blind fashion, was 300% higher in the cooler group. Frank et al thought that this may be the a consequence of the dramatic increase in noradrenaline release seen in even mild hypothermia.

It has also been said that the increase in noradrenaline may contribute to the higher number of wound infections seen in hypothermic patients. A randomised study of patients undergoing colorectal surgery showed that 1.9°C hypothermia resulted in an infection rate of 19% compared with 6% in the normothermic …
The mechanism of folate transport in rabbit reticulocytes
Authors: William F. Bobzien, David Goldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Folate transport in phenylhydrazine-induced rabbit reticulocytes was studied with the non-metabolized folate-analog, methotrexate. The time-course of methotrexate uptake into a mixed population of reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes is a two-component process consisting of a small, but rapid, initial uptake phase followed by a much slower uptake component which remains essentially constant over the period of observation. The velocity of the latter uptake component is directly proportional to the per cent reticulocytes and appears to represent a unidirectional influx of methotrexate into these cells. Uptake of methotrexate into reticulocytes was found to have the following characteristics: (a) temperature sensitivity, Q(10) of 4; (b) uptake velocity as a function of the extracellular methotrexate concentration approximated Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a maximum transport velocity of 48 pmoles/min per g dry wt; the extracellular methotrexate level at which the uptake velocity was one-half maximum was 1.4 muM; (c) 5-formyltetrahydrofolate markedly inhibited methotrexate uptake but pteroylglutamic acid inhibition was weak; (d) uptake was stimulated in cells preincubated with 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, indicative of hetero-exchange diffusion; (e) uptake was independent of extracellular sodium but was inhibited by anions including nitrate, phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate; (f) uptake was enhanced by azide plus iodoacetate. These data indicate that folate transport in rabbit reticulocytes is mediated by a carrier mechanism which disappears with reticulocyte maturation. The mechanism of folate transport in rabbit reticulocytes is qualitatively similar to tumor cells previously studied; both appear to have an energy-dependent mechanism limiting folate uptake, and influx in both is inhibited by structurally unrelated inorganic and organic anions. These studies suggest that circulating pteroylglutamic acid is of little importance in meeting the folate requirements of folate-dependent tissues and raise the possibility that clinical conditions associated with alterations in the anionic composition of the blood may be accompanied by impaired utilization of the folates.
No mirrors for the powerful: Why dominant smiles are not processed using embodied simulation
Authors: Li Huang, Adam D. Galinsky
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract A complete model of smile interpretation needs to incorporate its social context. We argue that embodied simulation is an unlikely route for understanding dominance smiles, which typically occur in the context of power. We support this argument by discussing the lack of eye contact with dominant faces and the facial and postural complementarity, rather than mimicry, that pervades hierarchical relationships.
Controlled trial of plasma exchange in treatment of Raynaud's syndrome.
Authors: M J O'Reilly, G Talpos, V C Roberts, J M White, L T Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Twenty-seven patients with Raynaud9s syndrome had their digital vessel patency assessed by Doppler ultrasound after different thermal stresses. Digital vessel patency rates differed significantly after stresses at 15 degrees C and 45 degrees C. In a randomised controlled trial placebo and heparin had no effect either on patients9 symptoms or on the patency of their digital vessels. Plasma exchange improved both symptoms and vessel patency rates at 15 degrees C and 21 degrees C. Improvement in seven out of eight of these patients has been maintained for six months. Assessing digital vessel patency by Doppler techniques allow continuous, atraumatic, and safe evaluation of the effects of different methods of treatment on the patency of the digital vessels and has helped to indicate that plasma exchange is a useful adjunct in the management of patients with severe Raynaud9s syndrome.
Ibuprofen in the Treatment of Acute Gouty Arthritis
Authors: Michael C. Schweitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ten patients with acute gouty arthritis were treated with daily doses of 2,400 mg of ibuprofen. All patients had rapid improvement and complete resolution within 72 hours; no adverse reactions were reported. Ibuprofen therapy may be an effective alternative in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. (<i>JAMA</i>239:34-35, 1978)
Reducing gun deaths in the United States
Authors: S. P Teret, D. W Webster
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The United States has again suffered tragic losses from gunfire within a school. As happened in Mississippi, Kentucky, Arkansas, Pennsylvania, and Oregon, the students and faculty of the Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, became targets for young people carrying firearms, this time comprising an arsenal capable of killing 15 (including the assailants themselves) and wounding many more. The shooting on 20 April has been described as one of the deadliest school massacres in the nation's history. What are the options for preventing future massacres—in a nation that has steadfastly resisted the option adopted by other countries of severely restricting the ownership of guns?

Gunfire in the United States now claims 34 000 lives annually. The citizens' stockpile of guns is measured at about 200 million. In the aftermath of schoolhouse slayings we have become accustomed to the litany of suggestions for prevention. These include calls for less violence on television and in movies and video games, the strengthening of family values, involvement of churches, construction of recreational facilities, and early identification and counselling of troubled youths. Though reducing exposure to media violence and teaching children to behave non-violently may be valuable, they alone will not eliminate school shootings. There are …
Notes on an Experimental Study of Intellectual Deterioration
Authors: S. Crown
Journal: BMJ (1949)

RHESUS FACTOR DU MEDICH JONAL and from D qualitatively as well as quantitatively, sera giving the strongest agglutination with Du cells are not always those with the highest titres when tested against D-positive cells.In carrying out an examination of Du cells, using incomplete anti-D sera and the Coombs test or albumin test, the sera have also to be specially selected for this purpose.The observations made in this paper apply, in the main, to the differentiation of Du from d.The determination of Du cells and their isolation and differentiation from the D-containing erythrocytes, on the other hand, is a difficult and complicated matter.The differing reactions of Du blood and the difficulties of knowing precisely what anti- bodies anti-Rh sera contain add to these difficulties.To overcome this it is necessary to examine large num- bers of cells of all types containing both the D antigen and the Du antigen combined with C and/or E, as well as cells containing the C and E antigens alone (i.e., types Cde/cde and cdE/cde); each type should be examined with very many varieties of anti-Rh agglutinating sera and incomp!ete antisera.The results should be tabulated and compared one with another, and any new cell should be put through this process and its reactions compared with those of other cells; by this means it is possible to give the type of the new cell which has been tested.In making our compre- hensive table, for example, we used 49 Rh-agglutinating sera and 12 incomplete Rh antisera.Full theoretical and explanatory results are not given in this short paper, but a further publication will show these and the manner in which they have been worked out.
Impact of donor mismatches at individual HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ loci on the development of HLA-specific antibodies in patients listed for repeat renal transplantation
Authors: Vasilios Kosmoliaptsis, Olivera Gjorgjimajkoska, Linda D. Sharples, Afzal N. Chaudhry, Nikolaos Chatzizacharias, Sarah Peacock, Nicholas Torpey, Eleanor M. Bolton, Craig J. Taylor, J. Andrew Bradley
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
P81 The changing incidence of paediatric empyema in NE England 2006-2010
Authors: M. F. Thomas, C. Simmister, S. P. Rushton, D. A. Spencer
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Introduction and objectives The incidence of empyema has been increasing in children. We investigated trends in the incidence of empyema cases over the time period 2006–2010 in relation to temperature, rainfall and the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine using regression analysis. Methods All admissions with ICD-10 codes J86.0 and J86.9 coding for pyothorax with/without fistula from 1st January 2006 until 31st May 2010 were collated. A generalised least squares (GLS) modelling technique was employed to investigate trends in child cases in relation to local average monthly maximum temperature and monthly rainfall. The timing of the introduction of the PCV-7 vaccine was included as a co-variate. Results 183 cases of paediatric empyema were identified. There was a negative relationship between number of cases of childhood empyema and average maximum temperature in the month of admission (t=−2.24, p>0.00). Introduction of the PCV-7 vaccine was associated with a reduction in cases (t=−5.00, p=0.02). There was no significant relationship between the number of cases and average monthly rainfall. There was no significant evidence of autocorrelation for this model suggesting that the number of cases each month were independent of the number in the preceding or following month. Fitted values from the model and the observed trend in cases are shown in [Abstract P81 Figure 1][1]. The number of cases appears to be inversely related to temperature variation across the year. The R-squared of the final model was 0.36, whilst the R-squared for model without the vaccine was 0.30, suggesting that 6 % of the variation in cases could be explained by the introduction of the vaccine. Conclusions Mean maximum temperature in the month of admission appears to be a significant predictor of cases of empyema and correlates with the cyclical pattern of cases. Introduction of PCV-7 vaccine was associated with a reduction in the number of cases which may be related to a combination of direct and indirect vaccine effects secondary to improved herd immunity. Further work is required to establish whether this finding is generic across the UK and the underlying mechanisms driving this phenomenon. ![Abstract P81 Figure 1][2]</img> Abstract P81 Figure 1 Variation in monthly admissions of children with empyema and variation in mean monthly maximum temperature from January 2006—May 2010. 1st plot: Grey line—observed number of admissions, Black line—admissions predicted by model. [1]: #F1 [2]: pending:yes
The International Pandemic of Chronic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mary McGrae McDermott
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Collagen cross-linking: new dimension to cardiac remodeling
Authors: S Koshy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

See article by Badenhorst et al. [1] (pages 632–641) in this issue. 

Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has become a leading area of research as the prevalence of heart failure is reaching epidemic proportions. LV chamber remodeling and stiffness are consequent to significant structural and functional alteration of both the myocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM). Both these factors are important determinants of chamber size and geometry as well as its contractile and relaxation properties. Numerous papers have been published about the seminal role of collagen concentration and collagenolysis in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies; however, the qualitative aspects of these changes were not correlated well with the functional characteristics of cardiac chambers. In this issue of Cardiovascular Research , Baldenhorst et al. [1] show the influence of collagen cross-linking on chamber stiffness and remodeling.

Cellular mechanisms responsible for transformation of compensatory myocardial hypertrophy to a dysfunctional dilated ventricle remain enigmatic. Earlier studies focused on structural changes in the cardiac myocyte to explain chamber dysfunction in hypertensive heart disease [2–5]. This included studies related to changes in its size and spatial orientation [2–4]. The depression of systolic function and an increase in passive stiffness were noted even in isolated muscle preparations [5]. This suggested that physiological changes in the myocardial chamber were related to structural changes at the cardiac myocyte level.

More recent studies have focused on the contribution of the ECM to cardiac contraction and relaxation functions [6–11]. The collagen matrix provides support for the maintenance of both myocyte and myofibrillar alignment, thereby ensuring structural integrity for individual myocyte shortening and relaxation, which then translates into overall myocardial systolic and diastolic properties. Therefore, the patterns of collagen synthesis and degradation play a seminal role in determining the altered systolic and diastolic properties of a remodeled ventricle in response … 

* Corresponding author. DC 034.00, Division of Cardiology, University of Missouri—Columbia, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. Tel.: +1-573-882-2296; fax: +1-573-884-7743.
Abstract 3429: Synthetic lethal RNAi screens to nominate potential therapeutic combinations for uveal melanoma
Authors: Chelsea S. Place, Glenn S. Cowley, David E. Root, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common form of ocular cancer in adults and metastatic disease currently has no effective therapy. Over 80% of UM tumors harbor activating mutations in the heterotrimeric G protein α subunits GNAQ or GNA11. These mutations induce protein kinase C (PKC) and the MAP kinase pathway, which signals through RAF, MEK, and ERK. Clinical trials of MEK and PKC inhibitors are underway to treat UM, however, novel therapeutic strategies may be required for effective treatment. To identify rational combination therapies in the context of MEK or PKC inhibition, we performed a pooled, genome-wide synthetic lethal RNA interference screen. Candidate genes whose silencing sensitizes GNAQ/11-mutant UM cells to MEK or PKC inhibition were nominated and further validated across a panel of cell lines using a custom pool of shRNAs. Several genes scored well across all cell lines. The top MEK inhibitor sensitizer was BRAF, thereby highlighting the importance of MAPK signaling in UM. Several non-MAPK pathway genes were also nominated and may represent novel pathways for the development of combination therapies. Citation Format: Chelsea S. Place, Glenn S. Cowley, David E. Root, Levi A. Garraway. Synthetic lethal RNAi screens to nominate potential therapeutic combinations for uveal melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3429. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3429