tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Statistical Model of the International Spread of Wild Poliovirus in Africa Used to Predict and Prevent Outbreaks
Authors: Kathleen M. O'Reilly, Claire Chauvin, R. Bruce Aylward, Chris Maher, Sam Okiror, Chris Wolff, Deo Nshmirimana, Christl A. Donnelly, Nicholas C. Grassly
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background Outbreaks of poliomyelitis in African countries that were previously free of wild-type poliovirus cost the Global Polio Eradication Initiative US$850 million during 2003–2009, and have limited the ability of the program to focus on endemic countries. A quantitative understanding of the factors that predict the distribution and timing of outbreaks will enable their prevention and facilitate the completion of global eradication. Methods and Findings Children with poliomyelitis in Africa from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2010 were identified through routine surveillance of cases of acute flaccid paralysis, and separate outbreaks associated with importation of wild-type poliovirus were defined using the genetic relatedness of these viruses in the VP1/2A region. Potential explanatory variables were examined for their association with the number, size, and duration of poliomyelitis outbreaks in 6-mo periods using multivariable regression analysis. The predictive ability of 6-mo-ahead forecasts of poliomyelitis outbreaks in each country based on the regression model was assessed. A total of 142 genetically distinct outbreaks of poliomyelitis were recorded in 25 African countries, resulting in 1–228 cases (median of two cases). The estimated number of people arriving from infected countries and <5-y childhood mortality were independently associated with the number of outbreaks. Immunisation coverage based on the reported vaccination history of children with non-polio acute flaccid paralysis was associated with the duration and size of each outbreak, as well as the number of outbreaks. Six-month-ahead forecasts of the number of outbreaks in a country or region changed over time and had a predictive ability of 82%. Conclusions Outbreaks of poliomyelitis resulted primarily from continued transmission in Nigeria and the poor immunisation status of populations in neighbouring countries. From 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2011, reduced transmission in Nigeria and increased incidence in reinfected countries in west and central Africa have changed the geographical risk of polio outbreaks, and will require careful immunisation planning to limit onward spread. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Gene-Editing System Reverses Rare Liver Disorder in Mice
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma Norepinephrine Response to Tilting in Essential Hypertension
Authors: ROGER B. HICKLER, JAMES T. HAMLIN, ROE E. WELLS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A significant increase in the plasma concentration of norepinephrine on tilting 19 normal subjects from the horizontal to 60° upright is described. Evidence that this represents an increased neuroadrenergic activity to maintain cerebral circulation despite the peripheral pooling of blood has previously been reported. When 9 subjects with severe essential hypertension were similarly tilted, the rise in plasma norepinephrine concentration was insignificant. This may indicate a diminished neuroadrenergic activity in essential hypertension due to compensatory reflexes from the baroreceptor regions.
Targeting CD37-positive lymphoid malignancies with a novel engineered small modular immunopharmaceutical
Authors: Xiaobin Zhao, Rosa Lapalombella, Trupti Joshi, Carolyn Cheney, Aruna Gowda, Martha S. Hayden-Ledbetter, Peter R. Baum, Thomas S. Lin, David Jarjoura, Amy Lehman, Donna Kussewitt, Robert J. Lee, Michael A. Caligiuri, Susheela Tridandapani, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2007)
Titanium serum and urine levels in rabbits with a titanium implant in the absence of wear
Authors: Paul D. Bianco, Paul Ducheyne, John M. Cuckler
Journal: Biomaterials (1996)

Although devices made of titanium and its alloy with 6% aluminium and 4% vanadium have been remarkably successful primarily in orthopaedic and dental applications, clinical reports have implicated the biological response to released metal from this class of metals as a cause of failure. It is our hypothesis that in the absence of wear, the amount of titanium released is small and will preferentially accumulate in local tissues. One important implication of this is that measurable quantities of titanium in serum and urine that have been observed in clinical studies result from mechanically induced or assisted release phenomena. In order to test this hypothesis, titanium levels in various tissues and fluids of animals both with and without titanium implants need to be determined. In this paper, we report the titanium concentration in serum and urine of rabbits in the absence of wear. Titanium fibre felts were implanted into the tibia of rabbits. At various time points, serum and urine samples were collected from these rabbits as well as from two groups of control rabbits. The samples were analysed for titanium concentration using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The data for the implant group show that titanium levels in serum and urine do not increase in comparison to controls up to one year after implantation. Some clinical studies have documented elevated titanium serum and urine levels in the presence of titanium-based prostheses. The different results from these studies can be resolved by considering titanium release mechanisms other than passive dissolution.
NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters3 January 2012NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in AdultsThomas E. Finucane, MDThomas E. Finucane, MDFrom Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines presented by Mant and colleagues (1) for management of chronic heart failure in adults describe the problem as “a complex clinical syndrome.” The diagnostic algorithm begins with a detailed history and a clinical examination.However, the authors then say, “Clinical signs and symptoms are of limited use in the diagnosis of heart failure” (1). This must surely be a misprint.The next node down in the algorithm is either “Specialist assessment and Doppler echocardiography” or “Measure serum natriuretic peptide.” Are these the real tools to diagnose of ...References1. Mant J, Al-Mohammad A, Swain S, Laramée P; Guideline Development Group. Management of chronic heart failure in adults: synopsis of the National Institute For Health and clinical excellence guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:252-9. [PMID: 21844551] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Leff B, Finucane TE. Gizmo idolatry. JAMA. 2008;299:1830-2. [PMID: 18413879] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults: Synopsis of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guideline Jonathan Mant , Abdallah Al-Mohammad , Sharon Swain , Philippe Laramée , and NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults David L. Simel NICE Guideline for Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Adults Jonathan Mant , Abdallah Al-Mohammad , and Sharon Swain Metrics Cited byAlfabetización en salud en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca atendidos en atención primaria AT 1 mutations and risk of atrial fibrillation based on genotypes from 71 000 individuals from the general population 3 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 69KeywordsAlgorithmsCardiovascular therapyDementiaEchocardiographyHeart failureIschemic strokeNatriuretic peptidesSigns and symptoms ePublished: 3 January 2012 Issue Published: 3 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Europe is a “second class continent” for cancer research
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Funding for cancer research in the European Union lags far behind that in the United States and varies enormously from one EU country to another, a new survey by the European Cancer Research Managers Forum shows.

Produced with the support of the European Commission, the survey is the first comprehensive analysis of cancer research funding in Europe. It identified 139 sources of non-commercial financing that provided €1.43bn (£1bn; …
MODIFIED HIP REST
Authors: David R. Telson
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The illustration shows a hip rest which can be applied with equal ease to the operating table, the examination table or any table found in the patient's home. The throat of the instrument is made deep enough to allow its application within the baseboard of the dining table. Therefore, the necessity of clamping the rest on the very edge of the table, outside the baseboard, is done away with. The clamp is detachable and, if need be, the rest can be laid flat on a board in bed. The pelvic plates are unique in being shaped to fit the sacrum, thus obviating the usual gap between the spica and the patient, posteriorly.
Comparison of concentrations of Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 in diploid and triploid Japanese cedar (<i>Cryptomeria japonica</i>) pollen extracts
Authors: Y. Kondo, H. Ipsen, H. Løwenstein, A. Karpas, L.‐S. Hsieh
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) pollinosis has been a serious allergic disease in Japan. There are two kinds of Japanese cedar trees; the popular one is diploid, the less popular is triploid. These trees are not very different morphologically. However, the relative allergenicity of their pollens is unknown, although both major allergens, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, have been purified and cloned from the diploid line. Triploid trees are sterile and the allergenicity of their pollen may differ. Using Japanese‐cedar‐allergic patient sera, we compared the concentration of these two major allergens in both kinds of pollen. Pollen collected from different years and regions was also studied. The results indicate that triploid tree pollen extract has lower concentrations of both major allergens; therefore, the pollen may be less allergenic.
31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies of high energy phosphates and pH in human muscle fatigue. Comparison of aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
Authors: R G Miller, M D Boska, R S Moussavi, P J Carson, M W Weiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The goal of these experiments was to investigate the relationship of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), monobasic phosphate (H2PO4-), and pH to human muscle fatigue. Phosphates and pH were measured in adductor pollicis using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance at 2.0 Tesla. The force of muscle contraction was simultaneously measured with a force transducer. The effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise were compared using two exercise protocols: 4 min sustained maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 40 min of repeated intermittent contractions (75% MVC). The sustained maximal contraction produced a rapid decline of MVC and PCr, and was accompanied by a rapid rise of Pi, H+, and H2PO4-. Intermittent exercise produced steady state changes of MVC, pH, and phosphates. No significant changes of ATP were found in either protocol. During fatiguing exercise, PCr and Pi had a nonlinear relationship with MVC. H+ showed a more linear correlation, while H2PO4- showed the best correlation with MVC. Furthermore, the correlations between MVC and H2PO4- were similar in sustained (r = 0.70) and intermittent (r = 0.73) exercise. The highly significant linear relationship between increases of H+ and H2PO4- and the decline of MVC strongly suggests that both H+ and H2PO4- are important determinants of human muscle fatigue.
The Boston Dispensary, 1796–1962
Authors: Abbie E. Dunks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

WHEN the Journal came into being, the Boston Dispensary was already observing its sixteenth year as New England's only organized medical facility. In the year of the founding of the Dispensary Boston was a town of about 18,000 people, a peninsula with a single street extending from about what is now Dover Street to Dock Square. Its people were largely English, Scotch and Irish, many of whom were suffering from the post-Revolutionary depression. The only recourse for the poor who were ill was the public almshouse in the Harbor.With the model of the London Dispensary before them, and similar . . .
HbA1c is a reliable test for type 2 diabetes in primary care irrespective of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kate E Shipman, Mohammed Jawad, Katie M Sullivan, Clare Ford, Rousseau Gama
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is relatively common and has been reported to affect glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).1 2 Kilpatrick and Atkins advise against using HbA1c to diagnose type 2 diabetes in end stage renal failure (CKD stage 5),3 …
Studies of Hemodynamic Changes in Humans Following Induction of Low and High Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: RICHARD P. MUELLER, R. BEVERLEY LYNN, SALVATORE M. SANCETTA, GLADYS HECKMAN, HANNA JANOUSKOVEC
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Low and high spinal anesthesia were administered to a group of 10 waking patients without the use of vasopressor drugs. Preliminary evidence does not support the view that the induced hypotension is accompanied by significant splanchnic vasoconstriction or by homeostatic diversion of blood from the splanchnic bed to maintain the circulation in "more vital" areas.
The Physician and the Law
Authors: Burton A. Russman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In this day of increasing malpractice claims, six-figure judgments, rising liability insurance premiums, and a decided tendency among appellate-level courts to permit plaintiffs to utilize testimony of physician-defendants to substantiate their own complaints, a more-than-casual acquaintance with the legal concepts of medical practice is as necessary in the physician's armamentarium as diagnostic acumen and antibiotics. In this third edition of a book first published in 1955, Long discusses some of the elementary rules of medical liability as they are now being interpreted, and he conjectures that what may seem radical today may be only a base for even greater judicial broadening in the future. Together with an overview of the entire subject, there are specific sections dealing with malpractice in practically every branch of medicine. The "conspiracy of silence" among physicians, making it difficult if not impossible to obtain expert witnesses on behalf of the plaintiff, is well authenticated. Numerous
Packages of Care for Alcohol Use Disorders in Low- And Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Vivek Benegal, Prabhat K. Chand, Isidore S. Obot
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

This is the fourth in a series of articles highlighting the delivery of ''packages of care'' for mental health disorders in low-and middleincome countries.Packages of care are combinations of treatments aimed at improving the recognition and management of conditions to achieve optimal outcomes.
A Meta-analysis of Estrogen Replacement and Breast Cancer
Authors: David A. Katerndahl
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —Steinberg et al1use the technique of meta-analysis of 16 prospective trials  show a 1.3 relative risk (RR) of developing breast cancer in women who used estrogens for 15 years. This risk estimate was largely due to the three European studies that included both premenopausal women and users of synthetic estrogens, in whom the RR was 2.5. The RR of developing breast cancer in the 13 US studies, 11 of which included only postmenopausal women using conjugated estrogens, was not provided. It must be similar  a prior meta-analysis, limited  studies of only conjugated estrogen use in postmenopausal women,2which demonstrated no increased risk of breast cancer. It is surprising that this important information was not provided, since this is the most relevant statistic for the American practitioner wishing  advise postmenopausal women on the relative risks and benefits of conjugated estrogen use.
Global cancer prevalence is growing at "alarming pace," says WHO
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The worldwide burden of cancer is growing at an “alarming pace,” and treatment alone is not the way to prevent a cancer crisis, a major report into the worldwide prevalence of the disease has warned.1

The World Cancer Report 2014 , published by the World Health Organization’s International Agency for Research on Cancer, said that in 2012 the global incidence of cancer rose to an estimated 14 million new cases, a figure expected to rise to an annual 19.3 million by 2025.

The world’s commonest cancer is lung cancer, making up 13% of the total number in 2012, followed by breast cancer (11.9%), colorectal cancer (9.7%), and prostate cancer (7.9%). Among men lung cancer is the most common (16.7% of …
t(X;14)(p11;q32) in MALT lymphoma involving GPR34 reveals a role for GPR34 in tumor cell growth
Authors: Stephen M. Ansell, Takashi Akasaka, Ellen McPhail, Michelle Manske, Esteban Braggio, Tammy Price-Troska, Steven Ziesmer, Frank Secreto, Rafael Fonseca, Mamta Gupta, Mark Law, Thomas E. Witzig, Martin J. S. Dyer, Ahmet Dogan, James R. Cerhan, Anne J. Novak
Journal: Blood (2012)
Abstract 779: Prodrug-mediated reversal of multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Khalid Abu Ajaj, Yeonju Lee, Ralph Graser, Felix Kratz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a 170 kDa protein that acts as an energy-dependent, transmembrane efflux pump and is encoded by the MDR1 gene. It has been shown to be responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR) in a defined subpopulation of breast cancer patients and thus represents a molecular target for circumventing MDR in this tumor indication. Third generation MDR modulators have been developed that demonstrated high selectivity for P-gp with inhibitory activities in the low nanomolar range. Although some objective responses were achieved in clinical trials, combination therapy with these MDR-modulators caused unacceptable toxicity. Targeting P-gp inhibitors to the tumor site is a means to increase their therapeutic index, and in this context binding tailor-made prodrugs to circulating albumin is an established technology to reduce the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. In this work we consequently developed an acid-sensitive albumin-binding prodrug of the P-gp inhibitor zosuquidar (LY335979) in a two-step synthesis using a maleimide hydrazone linker system established in our laboratory that first introduces acetylbenzoic acid at the OH-group of zosuquidar followed by derivatization with 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazide to form the acid-sensitive hydrazone bond. The maleimide group enables the prodrug to bind rapidly and selectively to the cysteine-34 position of endogenous albumin after intravenous administration. HPLC analysis demonstrated rapid albumin binding of the zosuquidar prodrug as well as the quantitative release of the acetylbenzoic ester derivative of zosuquidar at pH 5.0. Subsequently, its ability to circumvent MDR was tested in two doxorubicin-resistant breast carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7/ADR and MT-3/ADR). The MDR status of these cell lines can be reversed by zosuquidar which was confirmed in a rhodamine 123 assay using fluorescence microscopy and FACS analysis. Furthermore, zosuquidar as well its acid-sensitive albumin conjugate re-sensitized cells to doxorubicin as well to an albumin-binding prodrug of doxorubicin, i.e. the 6-maleimidocaproyl hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin, achieving IC50 values in the same order of magnitude as the parental cell lines. Thus a novel formulation of zosuquidar has been developed that may be used to improve the toxicity issues and tumor targeting properties of the original compound. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 779. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-779
Training in obstetrics.
Authors: P. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1992)

care, the number of patients who are assigned to aggressive ambition and hence loses many with the government have offered the following, which generalists is far lower than the number Marsh more caring qualities, an emphasis that the women is what every junior doctor wants?proposes.Thus Marsh's statement that what in our care would doubtless reverse.In addressing(1) Non-medical staff trained to carry out should be done can be done in half the number of these problems the college must clarify its attitude phlebotomy, intravenous drug administration, visits is not supported by the American experience, to research and ensure that training can be electrocardiography, portering, and routine We have half the number of visits, twice the cost completed within the NHS.clerical work and to find empty beds.for the same level of care, and far less effective DAVID HOWE(2) Overtime pay equal to daytime rates.prevention than in the United Kingdom.Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, (3) A half day off work after a busy night on call.General practice in Britain is, with all of its Princess Anne Hospital, The government's failure to implement these faults, a model of efficient, personalised, accessible Suthampton S09 4HA demands boldly and swiftly indicates a brutality care compared with what is available in other IButSTringnobercs M71930146(7