tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hurwitz Clinical Pediatric Dermatology: A Textbook of Skin Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Lawrence C. Parish
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic safety of efavirenz in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with advanced liver fibrosis
Authors: Juan A. Pineda, Karin Neukam, Josep Mallolas, Luis F. López-Cortés, José A. Cartón, Pere Domingo, Santiago Moreno, José A. Iribarren, Bonaventura Clotet, Manuel Crespo, Ignacio de Los Santos, Enrique Ortega, Hernando Knobel, María J. Jiménez-Expósito, Juan Macías
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
MOVEMENTS OF INTESTINES.
Authors: ALBERT BERNHEIM
Journal: JAMA (1901)

During treatment of a woman for floating kidney, nervousness and general debility, I administered—in the course of a rest-cure—enemas of cottonseed-oil; one time, about five hours after the injection, the patient vomited, the vomit for a greater part proving to be cottonseed-oil, this incident showing the possibility of a retrograding current of the oil from the rectum to the stomach. These oil enemas were administered for over two weeks and it was only this one time that oil was vomited. I was induced by this fact to make some experiments with injections into the rectum of a negro; these will be mentioned later on; besides I used a black-and-tan dog for experimenting, and, later on, in treating a woman for mechanical gastric insufficiency with a subacid condition, in which vomiting was not infrequent, the nutrient enemas used served as experiments. It is for the research into the consumption of such
[183] AGE, CHOLINESTERASE AND PREOPERATIVE CREATININE PREDICT 6-MONTH SURVIVAL AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION - PARAMETERS FOR PRE-OLT CLINICAL MANAGEMENT IN CONSIDERATION OF SHORTAGE OF ORGANS AND RESOURCES
Authors: T.J. Weismueller, H. Barg-Hock, M.P. Manns, J. Klempnauer, T. Becker, C.P. Strassburg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Positron emission tomography has a high negative predictive value for progression or early relapse for patients with residual disease after first-line chemotherapy in advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Carsten Kobe, Markus Dietlein, Jeremy Franklin, Jana Markova, Andreas Lohri, Holger Amthauer, Susanne Klutmann, Wolfram H. Knapp, Josee M. Zijlstra, Andreas Bockisch, Matthias Weckesser, Reinhard Lorenz, Mathias Schreckenberger, Roland Bares, Hans T. Eich, Rolf-Peter Mueller, Michael Fuchs, Peter Borchmann, Harald Schicha, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert
Journal: Blood (2008)
A protein anomaly in erythrocyte membranes of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Authors: D F Wallach, S P Verma, W E Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Raman spectroscopic comparisons of erythrocyte membranes from 20 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and 8 age-matched controls indicate a prominent and consistent protein anomaly in the patient samples. This was apparent in the following: (a) CH-stretching signals from control membranes reveal a thermotropic transition at 15.6 degrees C, attributable to a protein/lipid phase that is lacking in dystrophic membranes. (b) CH-stretching signals from control membranes also show a protein transition at 39 degrees C [pH 7.4] that is shifted to 45 degrees in dystrophic membranes. (c) A reduction in pH to 5.7 shifts this transition from 39 degrees C to 7 degrees C in normal membranes and from 45 degrees C to 24 degrees C in dystrophic membranes. (d) The Amide I/Amide III regions indicate a significant proportion of beta-structured peptide in dystrophic but not normal membranes. (e) Analysis of tyrosine signals indicates greater polar exposure of tyrosine hydroxyl groups in dystrophic vs normal membranes. All of the differences between dystrophic and normal membranes are highly significant (P less than 0.001).
Exactly how are fluid intelligence, working memory, and executive function related? Cognitive neuroscience approaches to investigating the mechanisms of fluid cognition
Authors: Gregory C. Burgess, Todd S. Braver, Jeremy R. Gray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Blair proposes that fluid intelligence, working memory, and executive function form a unitary construct: fluid cognition. Recently, our group has utilized a combined correlational–experimental cognitive neuroscience approach, which we argue is beneficial for investigating relationships among these individual differences in terms of neural mechanisms underlying them. Our data do not completely support Blair's strong position.
Sensitivity of Undifferentiated, High-TCR Density CD8+ Cells to Methylene Groups Appended to Tumor Antigen Determines Their Differentiation or Death
Authors: Kouichiro Kawano, Clay L. Efferson, George E. Peoples, Darrick Carter, Naotake Tsuda, James L. Murray, Constantin G. Ioannides
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract CD8+ cells expressing high numbers of TCR per cell (TCRhi) are considered important mediators of antitumor effects. To understand the relationship between TCR density and antigen affinity for TCR in the outcome of stimulation with antigen and differentiation of CTL recognizing tumor antigen, we analyzed perforin induction in ovarian tumor-associated lymphocytes in response to the smallest possible changes in the atomic forces of interaction between antigen and TCR. Stimulating undifferentiated, apoptosis-resistant CD8+ cells expressing high levels of E75-TCR (TCRhi) with variants of the CTL epitope E75, HER-2 (369-377), induced their stepwise differentiation, first to IFN-γ+ Perf− and to TCRhi IFN-γ+ Perf+ cells. Blocking caspase-9 activation at antigen stimulation also enhanced the generation of TCRhi Perfhi cells, demonstrating that TCR density dictated the pathway of death activated by stimulation with the same agonist. Expansion and differentiation of TCRhi Perf+ CTL required an agonist of optimal CH2 side chain length, which in this study was equal to two CH2 groups appended to E75 at the Gly4 position. Side chains one CH2 shorter or longer than optimal were either less stimulatory or induced death of TCRhi Perf+ cells. Differentiation of TCRhi CD8+ cells can be finely tuned by synthetic amino acids in the peptide, whose side chains induce small increments in the affinity of the antigen for TCR below the affinity which induce apoptosis.
Comparative Selectivity and Specificity of the Proteasome Inhibitors BzLLLCOCHO, PS-341, and MG-132
Authors: Lisa J.A. Crawford, Brian Walker, Huib Ovaa, Dharminder Chauhan, Kenneth C. Anderson, Treen C.M. Morris, Alexandra E. Irvine
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The 26S proteasome is a multicatalytic protease responsible for regulated intracellular protein degradation. Its function is mediated by three main catalytic activities: (a) chymotrypsin-like (CT-L), (b) trypsin-like, and (c) peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolysing (PGPH). Proteasome inhibition is an emerging therapy for many cancers and is a novel treatment for multiple myeloma. Here, we profile the contributions of the three catalytic activities in multiple myeloma cell lines and compare the specificity and cytotoxicity of the novel proteasome inhibitor BzLLLCOCHO and inhibitors PS-341 (Velcade, bortezomib) and MG-132. Using fluorogenic substrates and an active site-directed probe specific for proteasome catalytic subunits, we show differential subunit specificity for each of the inhibitors. Addition of BzLLLCOCHO strongly inhibited all three catalytic activities, treatment with PS-341 completely inhibited CT-L and PGPH activities, and treatment with MG-132 resulted in weak inhibition of the CT-L and PGPH activities. Multiple myeloma cells were more sensitive to induction of apoptosis by PS-341 and MG-132 than BzLLLCOCHO. This study emphasizes the need for further investigation of the effects of these compounds on gene and protein expression in the cell to allow for the development of more specific and targeted inhibitors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6379-86)
Abstract of a Lecture on the Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Mammalia
Authors: R. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1859)

matter, than against anything whliclh is a part of their normal coim position.In cases of blood-poisoning through the stomach, such as drunlenness from alcohol, narcotisim from opium, and saliva- tioni fromr mercury, tlhe locality and clharacter of the syrmptoms point out wvlieh organ it is that suffers first or most from a p,articIIlar poison diffased through the plasma.And if in these examples fever be abisent, the argrument is, that the parenchy- matonls or,,an is afiected before the corpuscles of the blood, fev-er appearingwhen they partake of the disorder.In cases of blood-poisoning through the lungs, on the con- trary, the symptoms begin with fever, and the argument is, that the corpuscles of blood tare liere afflicted first, before the plaem;na or an.iy of tlhe local parenchymata; fever delnoting an abnormal metamorphosis of the corpuscles.A --nous state, ot tle corpuscles of blood is not an abnormal metamorp)hosis.The condition comiiprehended in the term venou!s is one natural to them.Misplaced venious corpuscles disordLer the br-ain; but fever (loes not appear, because the venous state is natural to the corpuscles.The absence of symplomis of ffever, wvhen veIIous blood circulates arterially, is therefore no valid objection to the proposition we are arguing.Again, we lhave hiitherto purposelv abstained from any refer.ence to the brain or nervous system as causes of fever and in- flammation, not because we underrate the.ir powerful influlenice over blood and tlle secretionis, but becautse so important a part of our subject requiires a special considleration, which we can hlere btit brietiv indicate.It lias been argued in the former lecture, that the elements of thelparenc-h3 yinatous organs allt the corpuscles of blood lhave thie cosninon prolerties of other living cellulai bodies; and * The enidowment for this lectureship iwas given to the Univeisity in 1524, by Sir Robert lReade, Lord Chief Justice (if the Commllonl Pleas in tle reign of King Henry VIlI.A statute approved by HIer Majesty, by order
120 years on: voices on child abuse.
Authors: R Meadow
Journal: BMJ (1990)

BrMedJ 1990;301:714-6 A cry for help  can't have been very bad because they only gave me a year's probation. She sat back, squat and seeming self satisfied. She showed me how she had held him down with her left arm as she put her right hand over his face and mouth. Yes he did struggle, but the left arm pinned him down. Her other child had died suddenly and unexpectedly at the age of 9 months. If she had been a man she would have been in Broadmoor or Ramp ton. If she had been a man who had inappro? priately fondled his daughter a prison sentence would have been likely. But the judge had  doubt that she loved her son and indeed loved all children. He was sure there was no malevolence on her part and that she was in need of help not punishment. It was, as the social worker had testified, a cry for help.
Mutagenicity of Halogenated Alkanes and Their Derivatives
Authors: Herbert S. Rosenkranz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The ability of a series of haloalkanes, haloethanols and haloacetaldehydes to induce mutations in Salmonella typhrimurium and preferentially to inhibit the growth of DNA polymerase-deficient E. coli (pol A(+)/pol A(-)) was investigated. For the haloalkanes investigated, the order of reactivities towards the E. coli pol A(+)/pol A(-), was: 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane > 1,1-dibromoethane > 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethane > 1,2-dibromoethane = 1,5 dibromopentane > 1,2-dibromo-2-methylpropane > 1-bromo-2-chloroethane > 1,2-dichloroethane. In the standard Salmonella mutagenicity assay the order of these substances was 1,2-dibromoethane = 1,5-dibromopentane > 1,2-dibromo-2-methylpropane >/= 1-bromo-2-chloroethane > 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane = 1,1-dibromoethane > 1,2-dichloroethane. 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane was negative in the standard assay but strongly mutagenic when tested in suspension. It would appear that the discrepancy between the two procedures is due to the fact that bactericidal mutagens cannot be scored reliably in the standard Salmonella assay. The order of reactivity of 2-haloethanols in E. coli pol. A(+)/pol A(-), was 2-iodo > 2-bromo-> 2-chloroethanol. In the Salmonella assay the order was 2-bromo-> 2 iodo- >2-chloro-ethanol. 2-Fluoroethanol and ethanol were devoid of activity in both assays. For the 2-haloacetaldehydes the reactivities in the E. coli system were 2-bromoethylacetate > 2-bromoacetaldehyde = acetaldehyde > 2-chloroacetaldehyde while in the Salmonella system the order was 2-bromoethylacetate > 2-chloroacetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde had minimal activity, while 2-bromoacetaldehyde was without activity but strongly bactericidal.
Localization of CVP Catheter with Teflon Wire
Authors: Brendan Phibbs
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  The recent report of death following Perforation of the Atrium by a Polyethylene CV Catheter (203:1141, 1968) is particularly tragic because such accidents do not need to occur. The authors discuss two possible means of localizing central venous pressure catheters, ie, radiopaque tips and etched calibration markings. A simpler and more precise method has been available for some time and is in routine use at this and other hospitals (New Eng J Med274:270, 1966). The central venous pressure catheter is localized electrocardiographically by means of a Tefloncoated wire which is placed inside the catheter so that the tip of the wire protrudes 1 or 2 mm. The proximal end of the wire is connected to the unipolar lead of the ECG, which we have finally found to be more satisfactory than the left arm lead, as we originally described. Sharp, clear, diagnostic ECG complexes
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk
Authors: Feng-Cheng Lin, Ching-Piao Tsai, Johnny Kuang-Wu Lee, Ming-Tsang Wu, Charles Tzu-Chi Lee
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Although several studies have shown that use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) potentially decreased amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk in animal models, to our knowledge, there has been no human study in the literature discussing this issue.To investigate the association between the use of ACEIs and the risk for developing ALS.This case-control study was conducted using the total population of Taiwanese citizens seen in general medical practice; therefore, the findings can be applied to the general population. The case group comprised 729 patients with newly diagnosed ALS and a severely disabling disease certificate between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2008. These cases were compared with 14,580 sex-, age-, residence-, and insurance premium-matched control individuals.Use of ACEIs was analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model that controlled for other antihypertensives, aspirin, steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, length of hospital stay, and number of outpatient visits. The cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD), which indicates the exposed duration of drug use, was estimated as the sum of dispensed DDD of drug and compared with the risk for ALS.All patients with ALS fulfilled El Escorial criteria in this study. Medical claim data past 1 to 5 years of ALS first diagnosis date for patients and claim data from their matched control individuals were included in the analysis.There was a dose-dependent inverse association between ACEI use and the risk for developing ALS. When compared with patients who did not use ACEIs, the adjusted odds ratios were 0.83 (95% CI, 0.65-1.07; P = .15) for the group prescribed ACEIs lower than 449.5 of the cDDD and 0.43 cDDD (95% CI, 0.26-0.72; P = .001) for the group with a cumulative ACEI use of greater than 449.5 cDDD. The association was most predominant in men older than 55 years.Use of ACEIs exhibited a dose-dependent inverse association with ALS. This study demonstrated a 57% risk reduction in the chance for developing ALS in people who used ACEIs greater than 449.5 cDDD in 4 years.
Comparative dose-response study of three anticholinergic agents and fenoterol using a metered dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: A Ikeda, K Nishimura, H Koyama, T Izumi
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Inhaled anticholinergics and beta agonists are widely used in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, dosage requirements have not been thoroughly evaluated and comparative dose-response data for these agents are limited. METHODS--Twenty men with stable COPD of mean (SD) age 69.4 (5.8) years and FEV1 0.93 (0.38) litres were studied in randomised, double blind, crossover, placebo controlled experiments. All of the patients received two, four, eight, and 16 puffs of ipratropium bromide (20 micrograms/puff), flutropium bromide (30 micrograms/puff), oxitropium bromide (100 micrograms/puff), fenoterol (200 micrograms/puff), or placebo in random order on five separate days. Doses were administered by a metered dose inhaler at intervals of 60 minutes to give cumulative doses of two, six, 14, and 30 puffs. Five mg of nebulised salbutamol was administered 60 minutes after the patient had received the final 16 puffs of each regimen. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), heart rate, and blood pressure were measured five minutes before each treatment and 30 minutes after treatment with nebulised salbutamol. RESULTS--FEV1 and FVC reached a plateau after administration of a cumulative dose of 14 puffs of ipratropium bromide (280 micrograms) or flutropium bromide (420 micrograms), and after six puffs of oxitropium bromide (600 micrograms). There were no differences with respect to maximum increases in FEV1 and FVC amongst the three anticholinergic agents. However, after six puffs oxitropium bromide produced a greater increase in FEV1 than either ipratropium bromide or flutropium bromide. Fenoterol caused a greater increase in both FEV1 and FVC than the three anticholinergic agents after six puffs, as well as a greater increase in pulse rate. Oxitropium bromide produced a greater increase in pulse rate than the other anticholinergics after 14 puffs. The incidence of side effects was dose-related and notable adverse effects were reported after 30 puffs of ipratropium bromide, 14 puffs of oxitropium bromide, and two puffs of fenoterol. CONCLUSIONS--Oxitropium bromide produced a greater bronchodilator effect than either ipratropium bromide or flutropium bromide when used at doses of less than six puffs, without apparent side effects. There were, however, no differences in maximal response between these drugs. Fenoterol may have a greater peak bronchodilator effect than the anticholinergic agents but it causes more adverse effects, even at lower doses. Depending upon the balance between efficacy and side effects, oxitropium bromide may be preferred in the treatment of patients with COPD.
The toxicity of tricyclic antidepressants
Authors: N. Babul
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The article entitled Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose: A Review 1 provides a useful reference for the management of antidepressant  However, several important issues relating to the newer antidepressants deserve mention.  In addition to the significant central nervous system toxicity observed with amoxapine overdosage, 1 renal failure may develop several days after acute ingestion in patients who otherwise appear to have recovered. 2 In a series of 112 cases of amoxapine overdosage reported by Jennings et al, 2 13 cases of acute renal failure developed. Evidence of acute tubular necrosis with rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria was a frequent finding in these patients and approximately 40% of these patients required dialysis. 2   With regard to  hydrochloride, the authors note that trazodone appears to be much less toxic than TCAs [tricyclic antidepressants] after acute overdose. Although an earlier report of 206 cases of  overdosage 3 found no fatalities, a
Temporal delays, not underactivation of detection processes may be responsible for neglect
Authors: I-han Chou, Peter H. Schiller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We have shown that FEF lesion-induced extinction could be compensated for by changing the relative temporal onsets of two targets presented on either side of the midline. Monkeys were trained to make saccades to either of two identical visual stimuli presented with various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). In intact animals the targets were chosen with equal probability when they appeared simultaneously. After unilateral FEF lesions an SOA of 67–116 msec had to be introduced, with the contralesional target appearing first, to obtain equal probability choice. With a smaller target separation, averaging saccades occurred with highest frequency at similar SOAs. Our findings suggest that neglect may be attributable to more time being required in the damaged hemisphere for converting sensory information into motor responses.
AML1–ETO meets JAK2: clinical evidence for the two hit model of leukemogenesis from a myeloproliferative syndrome progressing to acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: F Schneider, S K Bohlander, S Schneider, C Papadaki, P Kakadyia, A Dufour, S Vempati, M Unterhalt, M Feuring-Buske, C Buske, J Braess, H Wandt, W Hiddemann, K Spiekermann
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
POTENTIAL ROLE OF PENTRAXIN 3 (PTX3) IN ADVANCED CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS: CORONARY ROTATIONAL ATHERECTOMY STUDY
Authors: Hironobu Akao, Michihiko Kitayama, Yasuyuki Kawai, Ryoko Sato, Atsushi Motoyama, Minoru Wakasa, Hirofumi Aoki, Ryuhei Saito, Kosuke Fujibayashi, Kouji Kajinami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Renal Failure in Paroxysmal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: James J. Szwed
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  We think the findings of May et al, which were published after our article, and which concerned magnesium, calcium, and acidosis relationships in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, are exciting. These findings should be pursued in dialysis patients. This underscores the necessity for increased research funds to be made available by the federal government to refine further the treatment of dialysis patients.
Hepatic Radiation Injury in Distal Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Jeffrey J. Wong, Marina-Portia Anthony, Pek Lan Khong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

The liver is an organ at particular risk for toxicity after radiotherapy for distal esophageal cancer. We report the case of a 58-year-old man with distal esophageal carcinoma, who underwent follow-up FDG-PET/CT 6 weeks after completion of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The left hepatic lobe and caudate showed new, round areas of hypoenhancement on CECT and increased FDG-uptake, which resembled metastases. However an, as yet unreported, linear configuration of FDG uptake was noted and found to correlate with the anterior posterior-posterior anterior opposing field radiotherapy portal.