tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activity of stabilized short interfering RNA in a mouse model of hepatitis B virus replication
Authors: David V. Morrissey, Karin Blanchard, Lucinda Shaw, Kristi Jensen, Jennifer A. Lockridge, Brent Dickinson, James A. McSwiggen, Chandra Vargeese, Keith Bowman, Chris S. Shaffer, Barry A. Polisky, Shawn Zinnen
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

To develop synthetic short interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules as therapeutic agents for systemic administration in vivo, chemical modifications were introduced into siRNAs targeted to conserved sites in hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA. These modifications conferred significantly prolonged stability in human serum compared with unmodified siRNAs. Cell culture studies revealed a high degree of gene silencing after treatment with the chemically modified siRNAs. To assess activity of the stabilized siRNAs in vivo initially, an HBV vector-based model was used in which the siRNA and the HBV vector were codelivered via high-volume tail vein injection. More than a 3 log10 decrease in levels of serum HBV DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen, as well as liver HBV RNA, were observed in the siRNA-treated groups compared with the control siRNA-treated and saline groups. Furthermore, the observed decrease in serum HBV DNA was 1.5 log10 more with stabilized siRNA compared with unmodified siRNA, indicating the value of chemical modification in therapeutic applications of siRNA. In subsequent experiments, standard systemic intravenous dosing of stabilized siRNA 72 hours after injection of the HBV vector resulted a 0.9 log10 reduction of serum HBV DNA levels after 2 days of dosing. In conclusion, these experiments establish the strong impact that siRNAs can have on the extent of HBV infection and underscore the importance of stabilization of siRNA against nuclease degradation. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Irinotecan, Carboplatin, and Imatinib in Untreated Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase II Trial of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network
Authors: David R. Spigel, John D. Hainsworth, Lisa Simons, Christina Meng, Howard A. Burris, Denise A. Yardley, Richard Grapski, Marshall Schreeder, Padmaja V. Mallidi, F Anthony Greco
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Researchers Probe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neuroprotection from Stroke in the Absence of MHCI or PirB
Authors: Jaimie D. Adelson, George E. Barreto, Lijun Xu, Taeho Kim, Barbara K. Brott, Yi-Bing Ouyang, Thorsten Naserke, Maja Djurisic, Xiaoxing Xiong, Carla J. Shatz, Rona G. Giffard
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Retrospective Chart Review to Correlate Airborne Allergen Skin Test Results with Biopsy Documented Esophageal Eosinophil Count in Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EOE)
Authors: C.W. Bassett, E. Rothstein, Y. Kopyltsova, A. Stern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Tobacco industry is investing in e-cigarette types least likely to help smokers quit
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Smokers are more likely to try to quit tobacco cigarettes if they also use electronic cigarettes, but they are more likely to succeed if they are daily users of “tank” devices, which are designed to be refilled with “e-liquid” rather than a cartridge, researchers from King’s College and University College London have found.

The most prominent brands of e-cigarettes in the United Kingdom are either disposable or those that use refillable cartridges. These brands are owned by the tobacco industry, which has bought up several early popular e-cigarette brands as well as developing their own products. In contrast, “tank” devices, which enable the user to vary the flavour of e-liquid and the strength of the vapour, have been developed and marketed by small specialist companies.

The two studies, published on 21 April in Addiction and Nicotine and Tobacco Research , were based on a survey of smoking behaviour of more than 1500 UK smokers, who were surveyed first in December 2012 and then one year later in December 2013. …
Carotid bodies in animal models of human disease: what do they teach us?
Authors: G Barer
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Animals suffer their own diseases and rarely afford us accurate pictures ofhuman afflictions.The argument is cogent that we can only learn about human problems through the study of humans.However, had we never investigated animals there are things we certainly would never have known.I contend that we would not have discovered the respiratory function of the carotid body.In anaesthetised animals we can humanely cut and record from nerves, change gas tensions, give drugs and poisons.Animals can be exposed to environments which affect humans under controlled conditions, and then compared with normal animals of similar age, sex, and life experience.Then there is the morphological problem.Animal tissues can be taken at the moment of death or before, so that the autolytic problems which beset pathologists do not hold.All these points apply to research on the carotid body, to the interaction between physiologists and pathologists, and the argu- ments between them.Much has been learnt from the efforts of these two groups but few problems are wholly settled; the disputes be- tween different disciplines often point the way forward to further research.In talking about "models" we should consider how far they reproduce both morphological and functional features of human conditions.
THE COLOSTOMY QUESTION
Authors: LOUIS J. HIRSCHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

One of the greatest boons to the patient suffering from a major obstruction or malignant disease of the colon, particularly the left half of this viscus, is the hope of either permanent cure or prolonged comfort provided by an artificial stoma. Almost every intestinal surgeon and proctologist has studied the problem of providing a satisfactory colostomy, with special reference to some form of bowel control. Practically every portion of the abdominal wall and the perineum has been utilized for the location of the stoma. The number of different types of colostomies and the ingenuity expended in their formation would make exceedingly interesting and intriguing surgical history. The number of names attached to different types of colostomies resembles a roll call of most of the pioneers in intestinal surgery. Every surgeon or proctologist operating on a diseased colon has been hopeful of supplying a type of colostomy which would satisfactorily exclude
Canada's Health Care System — Reform Delayed
Authors: Allan S. Detsky, C. David Naylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In this review of recent developments in Canadian health care policy, Detsky and Naylor describe the strains on the system in the 1990s that led to declining satisfaction on the part of the public and providers and to national debate about health care reform. A 2003 agreement between the federal and provincial governments called for a substantial increase in federal funds for health care but no major changes in organization, delivery, or financing.
Concordant Epigenetic Silencing of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Pathway Genes Occurs Early in Breast Carcinogenesis
Authors: Rebecca A. Hinshelwood, Lily I. Huschtscha, John Melki, Clare Stirzaker, Andrea Abdipranoto, Bryce Vissel, Timothy Ravasi, Christine A. Wells, David A. Hume, Roger R. Reddel, Susan J. Clark
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) grown under standard cell culture conditions enter a growth phase referred to as selection, but a subpopulation is able to escape from arrest and continue to proliferate. These cells, called post-selection or variant HMECs, may be derived from progenitor cells found in normal mammary epithelium that subsequently acquire premalignant lesions, including p16INK4A promoter hypermethylation. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes through DNA methylation and histone modification is an early event in tumorigenesis. A major challenge is to find genes or gene pathways that are commonly silenced to provide early epigenetic diagnostic and therapeutic cancer targets. To identify very early epigenetic events that occur in breast cancer, we used microarrays to screen for gene pathways that were suppressed in post-selection HMECs but reactivated after treatment with the demethylation agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. We found that several members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway were consistently down-regulated in the post-selection HMEC populations, and this was associated with a marked decrease in Smad4 nuclear staining. Gene suppression was not associated with DNA methylation but with chromatin remodeling, involving a decrease in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and an increase in histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation and deacetylation. These results show for the first time that TGF-β2, its receptors TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2, and activator thrombospondin-1 are concordantly suppressed early in breast carcinogenesis by histone modifications and indicate that the TGF-β signaling pathway is a novel target for gene activation by epigenetic therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11517–27]
STATUS OF MEDICAL AFFAIRS IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
Authors: JOHN R. McDILL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The account of the first public and scientific meeting of the Philippine Islands Medical Association was read no doubt with considerable interest and some curiosity by many of the 40,000 readers ofThe Journalof the American Medical Association, with which Association we are affiliated. We introduce ourselves to them and to this community by rendering an account of our environment, who we are, of what has been done in medical channels, and also something of what we hope to accomplish. History tells why we came to the Philippines, but the good friends at home who have never been here, do not understand why some of us remain. The American medical men who first came to this archipelago and who laid the foundation of modern research medicine, wore the uniform of the United States army and volunteer surgeon. It is doubtful if one of us thought that here he might
How to do itSelect medical students
Authors: D. Powis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editorial by Abbasi and Paper p 1111

The analysis on p 1111 by McManus of some of the factors affecting whether a candidate is offered a place at medical school in the United Kingdom1 shows clearly that selectors haven't yet got it right.

What follows is a brief guide that might help medical schools and doctors to determine what they want from a selection procedure—that is, what knowledge, skills, and attributes need to be sought in potential medical students, and why. This determination requires data, specifically, on the progress rates of medical students and the reasons for failure or premature withdrawal. With such knowledge the guide may be used to show how admissions committees should devise and operate an appropriately objective student selection procedure.

#### Summary points

Medical school admissions procedures are often not selection procedures but an administrative exercise to limit the number of entrants to the number of places available on the course by means of a movable marks threshold. The assumption is that the greater the number of applicants for places in the medical school the higher the marks threshold needs to be set to limit …
A higher JAK2 V617F-mutated clone is observed in platelets than in granulocytes from essential thrombocythemia patients, but not in patients with polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis
Authors: B Bellosillo, L Martínez-Avilés, E Gimeno, L Florensa, R Longarón, G Navarro, A Salar, B Espinet, F Solé, S Serrano, C Besses
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Increases in Immunoreactive Parathyroid Hormone with Age
Authors: Prescott S. Wiske, Sol Epstein, Norman H. Bell, Sherry F. Queener, James Edmondson, C. Conrad Johnston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IN the process of conducting studies to characterize the effects of age on bone mass and the skeleton in adult human subjects, we measured serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone by a radioimmunoassay that is specific for the biologically inactive carboxylterminal portion of the hormone. We now report that the mean concentration of circulating parathyroid hormone measured by this assay increases with age and that this age-related increase in hormone level is associated with decreases in mean serum ionized calcium and mean serum phosphorus.MethodsNormal subjects who ranged in age from 21 to 89 years were studied. The 75 men and . . .
Low-Renin Renal Hypertension
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Normal and, less frequently, low renin activity are the expected findings in nonmalignant essential hypertension. On the other hand, they are unexpected in hypertension secondary to renal or renovascular disease. After all, increased renin release by the underperfused kidney is the hallmark of renal hypertension, the mechanism of its development and persistence. Unanticipated fall of renin activity levels to low or normal has been reported in the experimental animal model of unilateral renal artery stenosis after removal of the contralateral kidney.<sup>1,2</sup>Apparently, with the uninvolved kidney no longer available for sodium and water clearance, blood volume expands. This expansion augments renal perfusion with consequent suppression of renin. Despite the fall in renin activity, hypertension, sustained by the hypervolemia, persists, or even worsens. A somewhat analogous situation in man is reported by Kurtzman et al in the February issue of<i>Archives of Internal Medicine</i>.<sup>3</sup>The investigators describe five patients
A Preclinical Evaluation of Neural Stem Cell–Based Cell Carrier for Targeted Antiglioma Oncolytic Virotherapy
Authors: Atique U. Ahmed, Bart Thaci, Alex L. Tobias, Brenda Auffinger, Lingjiao Zhang, Yu Cheng, Chung Kwon Kim, Catherine Yunis, Yu Han, Nikita G. Alexiades, Xiaobing Fan, Karen S. Aboody, Maciej S. Lesniak
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

BackgroundOncolytic adenoviral virotherapy (OV) is a highly promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In practice, however, the approach is limited by poor viral distribution and spread throughout the tumor mass.
Are high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride levels relevant in stroke prevention?
Authors: E Rizos
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Although statins reduce the risk of non-haemorrhagic strokes and transient ischaemic attacks (TIA), little is known about the efficacy of fibrates. This situation has been partly remedied by the recent publication of two-fibrate based trials — The Veterans Affairs High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial (VAHIT) and the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Trial (BIP). In BIP, bezafibrate did not significantly reduce the risk of a cerebrovascular event (CVE). Bezafibrate increased the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level by 18% to 40 mg/dl (1.03 mmol/l) and decreased triglyceride (TG) levels by 21% to 115 mg/dl (1.29 mmol/l). In contrast, in VAHIT, gemfibrozil significantly reduced the risk of investigators designated stroke (P=0.04) and TIA (P<0.001). Gemfibrozil increased HDL by 6% to 33 mg/dl (0.85 mmol/l) and decreased TG by 31% to 110 mg/dl (1.25 mmol/l). However, the baseline low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels were higher in BIP than in VAHIT (148 versus 111 mg/dl; 3.82 versus 2.87 mmol/l). LDL levels were not markedly altered by treatment in either trial. Fibrates can improve several CVE predictors, like fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), insulin sensitivity and platelet activity. Furthermore, lowered HDL and/or raised TG levels are associated with an increased risk of a CVE; fibrates are an appropriate treatment for this lipid profile. In conclusion, the evidence suggests that not only total cholesterol and LDL, but also HDL and TG levels predict the risk of a CVE. Statins, fibrates or a combination of these drugs can modify these variables.
Abstract A11: STRADα regulates cell polarity and invasion through PAK1 signaling in LKB1 null cells
Authors: Carrie M. Eggers, Erik R. Kline, Diansheng Zhong, Wei Zhou, Adam I. Marcus
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The kinase LKB1 is mutated in multiple tumor types with a high mutation rate in non-small cell lung cancer. LKB1 activity is regulated by the pseudokinase, STE20-related adaptor alpha (STRADα), and the STRADα-LKB1 pathway plays critical roles in cell polarity and metastasis. Though much attention is given to the STRADα-LKB1 pathway, the function of STRADα itself, including a role outside of the LKB1 pathway, has not been well-studied. Data in C. elegans suggest that STRADα has an LKB1-independent role in regulating cell polarity, and therefore we tested the hypothesis that STRADα regulates cancer cell polarity and motility when wild-type LKB1 is absent. These results show that STRADα protein is reduced in LKB1-null cell lines (mutation or homozygous deletion) and this partial degradation occurs through the Hsp90-dependent proteasome pathway. The remaining STRADα participates in cell polarity and invasion, such that STRADα depletion results in misaligned lamellipodia, improper Golgi positioning, and reduced invasion. To probe the molecular basis of this defect, we show that STRADα associates in a complex with PAK1, and STRADα loss disrupts PAK1 activity via thr423 PAK1 phosphorylation. When STRADα is depleted, PAK1-induced invasion could not occur, suggesting that STRADα is necessary for PAK1 to drive motility. Based upon these data, we conclude that STRADα regulates PAK1 in LKB1-null cells to oversee cancer cell polarity and invasion.
BLOOD CHOLESTEEOL VALUES IN CASES OF GENERALIZED PRUKITUS
Authors: ANNE E. SOMERFORD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1943)

Journal Article BLOOD CHOLESTEEOL VALUES IN CASES OF GENERALIZED PRUKITUS Get access ANNE E. SOMERFORD, M.D.Manch., D.P.H.Camb. ANNE E. SOMERFORD, M.D.Manch., D.P.H.Camb. Pathologist to the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital and the Manchester and Salford Hospital for Skin‐Diseases Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 55, Issue 4, 1 April 1943, Pages 98–102, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1943.tb10753.x Published: 01 April 1943
Early lymphopenia as a risk factor for chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia
Authors: Chul Won Choi, Hwa Jung Sung, Kyong Hwa Park, So Young Yoon, Seok Jin Kim, Sang Cheul Oh, Jae Hong Seo, Byung Soo Kim, Sang Won Shin, Yeul Hong Kim, Jun Suk Kim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent complication of cancer chemotherapy, which causes death in 4–21% of patients and worsens the quality of life of patients. As a simple and accurate way of identifying patients who are at risk of FN, a lymphocyte count on post‐chemotherapy day 5 was suggested. To confirm the feasibility of this method and to define the incidence of FN among our own patient group, we conducted this prospective study. From September 2001 to February 2002, patients who received cytotoxic chemotherapy at Guro Hospital, Korea University, were enrolled. Blood sampling for a complete blood count was done on the starting day of chemotherapy and on day 3 and day 5 post‐chemotherapy. The prospective results of the CBC were compared between the FN group and non‐FN group. During the study period, 82 patients were enrolled. The male to female ratio was 52:30, and the median age was 56 years old (range: 14–78). Underlying malignancies were non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (14 patients), stomach cancer (17), breast cancer (11), NSCLC (7), hepatobiliary cancer (10), sarcoma (3), colorectal cancer (3), and others (17). The incidence of FN was 18% (15/82 patients), and ANC at the time of FN was 275 ± 327/μl. Duration of fever was 3.9 ± 3.5 days. The incidence of FN was significantly higher in patients with lymphocyte counts at day 3 ≤ 500/μl ( P = 0.06), day 5 ≤ 500/μl ( P = 0.023), day 3 ≤ 700/μl ( P = 0.01), and day 5 ≤ 700/μl ( P = 0.0001). As a result of a logistic regression test, a day‐5 lymphocyte count ≤ 700/μl was identified as an independent risk factor for FN. In conclusion, a day‐5 lymphocyte count &lt;700/μl was a risk factor for FN. To strengthen our result, we are planning to validate in a larger patient group. Am. J. Hematol. 73:263–266, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Representations and decision rules in the theory of self-deception
Authors: Steven Pinker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Self-deception is a powerful but overapplied theory. It is adaptive only when a deception-detecting audience is in the loop, not when an inaccurate representation is invoked as an internal motivator. First, an inaccurate representation cannot be equated with self-deception, which entails two representations, one inaccurate and the other accurate. Second, any motivational advantages are best achieved with an adjustment to the decision rule on when to act, not with a systematic error in an internal representation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF HEMATURIA AS A SYMPTOM
Authors: ARTHUR L. CHUTE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Some four years ago, I looked up 100 cases that had presented hematuria as a prominent symptom. I was startled to find that, in 64 per cent, of these cases, the bleeding was caused by a new growth of some sort, of the prostate, of the bladder, or of a kidney. Few, I think, will care to consider a symptom unimportant that indicates so serious a type of disease in so large a proportion of cases. For the present communication, I have gone over another series of 100 cases of hematuria to see how they compared with those reported previously: in this series, I have tried to do as I did before, that is, to take consecutive cases so far as I could. I have found it quite impossible to do this absolutely, since, in a certain number of patients who presented hematuria, I was unable, for one reason or