tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Principles and Practice of Obstetric Anaesthesia
Authors: W. W. Mushin
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The federal government has established guidelines and regulations for the protection of vulnerable research subjects, especially children, pregnant women, cognitively impaired persons, and prisoners. In addition, students, residents, and employees are recognized as special research populations. Clinical investigators need to be aware of and use these federal guidelines appropriately. This article provides practical guidance for respiratory therapists who conduct research with these patient populations and solutions to the barriers investigators commonly encounter when studying these patient populations.
Use of Sublingual Nitroglycerin in Congestive Failure following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: HERMAN K. GOLD, ROBERT C. LEINBACH, CHARLES A. SANDERS
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The effect of 0.3 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) was evaluated by hemodynamic measurements and precordial S-T-segment mapping in 17 patients following acute myocardial infarction. In all cases NTG produced a prompt reduction in mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) from an average of 19 ± 2 to 14 ± 1 mm Hg associated with a small fall in mean arterial pressure from a mean of 85 ± 4 to 82 ± 4 mm Hg. No significant change in heart rate occurred. In patients without left ventricular failure (PCW 3-12 mm Hg) cardiac output (CO) fell 9%. By contrast, in patients with moderate left ventricular failure (PCW 13-22 mm Hg) CO rose 18%. In three patients with refractory left ventricular failure (PCW 25-31 mm Hg) CO rose 25%. Two of these patients were treated with repetitive NTG doses in addition to previously ineffective diuretic therapy with resolution of resistant pulmonary edema. No significant changes in the magnitude of S-T-segment elevations were noted. NTG may have a special role in the management of acutely ill patients with myocardial infarction in whom pulmonary edema does not respond to conventional therapy.
Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Stephen E. Goldfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Doctors learn. Moderate hypertension is being treated much more vigorously now than a decade ago. The CT scan has replaced a variety of poorer imaging techniques for the assessment of neurologic impairments. Early ambulation after myocardial infarction is routine, and programmed exercise frequently follows. It is easy to cite numerous other examples of the translation of new concepts, better drugs, and technologic advances into the everyday practices of vast numbers of physicians. Yet, if one ignores the obvious and concentrates only on the literature and commentary dealing with continuing medical education, a very different impression emerges: doctors don't learn very . . .
Liver Transplantation in Adults
Authors: David H. Van Thiel, Robert R. Schade, Thomas E. Starzl, Shunzaburo Iwatsuki, Byers W. Shaw Jr ., Judith S. Gavaler, Marcus Dugas
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Human liver transplantation has been possible since 1967. We report our experience in 32 adult patients who received liver transplants at the University of Pittsburgh over a 16-month period. Survival data, method utilized for patient selection, costs, and morbidity of the procedure are discussed.
Extraimmunization Among US Children
Authors: Suzanne M. Feikema
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextLittle is known about the extent of extraimmunization, ie, vaccine doses given in excess of the recommended schedule, and whether it should be a public health concern.ObjectivesTo determine the extent and cost of extraimmunization in children and to identify its associated factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUnited States 1997 National Immunization Survey, in which telephone interviews were conducted with parents of 32,742 19- to 35-month-old children and vaccination histories were collected from health care providers for 22,806 of these children (overall response rate, 68.5%). Estimates were weighted to represent the full sample.Main Outcome MeasuresFrequency of extraimmunization compared by vaccine type as well as with adequate immunization; factors associated with extraimmunization; and vaccine and visit costs associated with extraimmunization.ResultsFrequency of extraimmunization was less than 5% for each vaccine considered except poliovirus (14.1%). Overall, 21% of children were extraimmunized for at least 1 vaccine vs 31% underimmunized for at least 1 vaccine. In a multivariate model, the strongest contributors to extraimmunization were having more than 1 immunization provider (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.2) and having multiple types of providers (eg, private and public health department; OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6-2.4). Children seen only in public health department clinics were significantly less likely to be extraimmunized (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2-0.3). Annual costs associated with extraimmunization for this cohort of children were estimated conservatively at $26.5 million.ConclusionsThese data indicate that extraimmunization can be costly. The challenge is to reduce extraimmunization without interfering with more important efforts to combat underimmunization. Improvements in immunization record keeping and sharing practices may help reduce extraimmunization.
Notch2 governs the rate of generation of mouse long- and short-term repopulating stem cells
Authors: Barbara Varnum-Finney, Lia M. Halasz, Mingyi Sun, Thomas Gridley, Freddy Radtke, Irwin D. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

HSCs either self-renew or differentiate to give rise to multipotent cells whose progeny provide blood cell precursors. However, surprisingly little is known about the factors that regulate this choice of self-renewal versus differentiation. One candidate is the Notch signaling pathway, with ex vivo studies suggesting that Notch regulates HSC differentiation, although a functional role for Notch in HSC self-renewal in vivo remains controversial. Here, we have shown that Notch2, and not Notch1, inhibits myeloid differentiation and enhances generation of primitive Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) progenitors following in vitro culture of enriched HSCs with purified Notch ligands. In mice, Notch2 enhanced the rate of formation of short-term repopulating multipotential progenitor cells (MPPs) as well as long-term repopulating HSCs, while delaying myeloid differentiation in BM following injury. However, consistent with previous reports, once homeostasis was achieved, neither Notch1 nor Notch2 affected repopulating cell self-renewal. These data indicate a Notch2-dependent role in assuring orderly repopulation by HSCs, MPPs, myeloid cells, and lymphoid cells during BM regeneration.
Schmorl's Node May Cause an Increased FDG Activity
Authors: Yen-Kung Chen, Hui-Yi Chen, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Schmorl's node is an intraspongious disc herniation, which is formed within the vertebral body through a cartilaginous endplate. Schmorl's nodes are commonly seen at radiographic examination or autopsy. Schmorl's nodes are generally considered to be asymptomatic. In this article, we demonstrate the incidental findings of moderate FDG uptake in the Schmorl's node.
What do Wessex general practitioners think about the structure of hospital vocational training?
Authors: P Little
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess the views of general practitioners about the structure and content of hospital vocational training and its relation to the training year. <b>Design</b>: Postal questionnaire. <b>Setting</b>: Wessex, England. <b>Subjects</b>: General practitioner trainees undertaking practice training year (n=144), courseorganisers (n=22), and a random sample of two thirds of trainers (n=135). <b>Results</b>: Questionnaires were returned from 86% (260): 84% of trainees (121), 92% of trainers (124), and 68% of course organisers (15). Most respondents in all groups (84.3%, 95% confidence interval 79.7% to 88.8%) wanted more jobs lasting two and three months to allow a greater range of hospital specialities to be experienced and some of the training year to be carried out before hospital jobs (66.3%, 60.4% to 72.1%). Most hospital specialties were rated at least 6 out of 10 as "useful" for general practice training. A substantial minority of training posts did not have regular weekly teaching (166/541;30.7%, 26.8% to 34.6%) and had no half day (224/541; 41.4%, 37.3% to 45.6%), and over half gave no study leave (293/541; 54.2%, 50.0% to 58.4%). <b>Conclusions</b>: The structure of hospital training should be reviewed as it does not reflect the views of most trainees, course organisers, or trainers. Individual posts need closer supervision to ensure the availability of basic training requirements. More trainees should be allowed to spend a short time in the general practice before hospital rotations and to choose a greater range of shorter jobs.
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Paul Curlee
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was delighted to see the article that you published on Maharishi Ayur-Veda.<sup>1</sup>Drs Sharma, Triguna, and Chopra outline very beautifully the basics of this ancient wisdom. I commend<i>JAMA</i>for publishing this article. The American Medical Association has frequently been ultraconservative in approaching alternative health care matters. The article as written and the work that Sharma has done add solid scientific backing to a science of healing that is obviously well known by Triguna. Publication of this information by your journal can only help to advance the overall well-being of humankind. I have been aware of Ayur-Veda since 1983 when I was fortunate to sit with distinguished physicians from India and explore this age-old system. In my practice of internal medicine, the elements of an Ayurvedic examination give me insight into who my patients are and what disease afflictions they may develop. It is also
Appointment systems: evaluation of a flexible system offering patients limited choice
Authors: A T Harrison
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To test the efficiency of a flexible appointments system patients seeing one of the partners in a semirural dispensing practice were asked to choose whether they wanted appointments lasting five, 10, or 15 minutes. After seeing the doctor they were asked to fill in a questionnaire that asked, among other questions, how long an appointment they had booked, whether they had felt rushed, whether the doctor had seemed hurried, whether they had seen the doctor on the day they wanted, how long they had had to wait in the surgery, and whether they liked the system. Five minute appointments had been chosen by 124 of the 309 patients who returned completed questionnaires, 10 minute appointments by 155, and 15 minute appointments by 30. Mean consultation times were 6·1, 9·2, and 12·9 minutes, respectively. Altogether 298 patients liked the system. An appointment system that was flexible while remaining practical and efficient resulted from letting patients choose the length of their appointment. Such a system encourages patients to share in the responsibility of organising a practice efficiently.
Phase I Trial of Multiple Large Doses of Murine Monoclonal Antibody CO17-1A. II. Pharmacokinetics and Immune Response1
Authors: M. B. Khazaeli, M. N. Saleh, R. H. Wheeler, W. J. Huster, H. Holden, R. Carrano, A. F. LoBuglio
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Twenty-five patients with metastatic gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma received one to four infusions of large doses (400 mg) of murine monoclonal antibody CO17-1A (17-1A). The pharmacokinetics of 17-1A at the time of first, second, third, or fourth infusion were not statistically different; plasma half-lives were 15.0 +/- 1.7 hours (n = 5), 15.1 +/- 1.8 (n = 10), 25.3 +/- 6.2 (n = 3), and 14.4 +/- 1.8 (n = 5), respectively. Most patients had an antibody response to 17-1A, with peak levels occurring 15-22 days after infusion. The presence of serum antibody to 17-1A at the time of the second or third infusion did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of this large dose of antibody. Four of 25 patients failed to develop an antibody response, but this did not correlate with the amount of 17-1A administered. The administration of four doses of 400 mg over 1 week provided continuously circulating 17-1A for 10 days.
AIDS virus antibody in polytransfused dialysis patients vaccinated against hepatitis B.
Authors: J Desmyter, M Reynders, P Goubau
Journal: BMJ (1986)

AIDS virus antibody in polytransfused dialysis patients vaccinated against hepatitis BPatients receiving long term haemodialysis are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection.Given the similar transmission routes of hepatitis B virus and the virus of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) it is surprising that no seroprevalence data on infection with lymphadenopathy associated virus/human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (LAV/HTLV-III) in dialysis centres have been published.We present data from 18 haemodialysis centres in Belgium, where we surveyed all patients who had received at least three doses of hepatitis B vaccine.These centres had had a high incidence of hepatitis B infection before vaccination.
Morphological evidence for calcium-dependent association of calgranulin with the epidermal cytoskeleton in inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: SUSAN E. KELLY, J.A.A. Hunter, D.B. JONES, B.R. CLARK, S. FLEMING
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The association of calgranulins. intracellular calcium-binding proteins, with the keratinocyte cytoskeleton has been studied. These molecules are expressed in various inflammatory dermatoses and in organ-culture explants. Triton X-100 extraction in the presence of calcium or EDTA suggested that calgranulins are detergent insoluble in the presence of calcium. The molecules were localized in a plaque-like structure at the cell periphery in lesional skin and in organ-culture explants. Following induction of calgranulins in vitro there was a redistribution of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton into a perinuclear halo, although desmosomes remained intact. These various features suggest that these members of the S-100 protein family have a role in cytoskeletal changes seen in various skin diseases.
Suicide by Physicians on Probation
Authors: George E. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The eight suicides in 13 months among physicians on probation in Oregon reported by Crawshaw et al (1980;243:1915) are indeed dismaying. So important a topic needs to be viewed in context. Specifically, what was the total of suicides in this special group over the six years for which some data are given? What was the suicide rate among physicians not on probation during the same period? It is altogether unjustified to extrapolate, as the authors have done, a suicide rate from the tiny population base of 40 persons over a highly selected period. Their calculation of a gigantic rate is unreasonable and might well justify euphoria over how few suicides there were among probationers during 1972 to 1975. If, as seems likely from the omission of any mention, there were no suicides in this special group during the remainder of the six years cited, the total of
Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Robert D. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Notwithstanding the many advances that have been made in the surgical and radiation treatment of head and neck cancer, patients with these neoplasms have a five-year survival rate of 18% to 25%.<sup>46,47</sup>Moreover, those patients whose lesions are beyond cure or effective control by surgical or radiation treatment are perhaps the most neglected of patients with incurable cancer. Doubtless, this sense of hopelessness on the part of the physician and nurse emanates from the belief that "nothing can be done." The patient's condition may be incurable, but it may still be treatable. In recent years, chemotherapy as an adjunctive measure in the management of head and neck cancer has provided worthwhile palliation and occasional increase in survival in a small proportion of these patients (10% to 25%) over periods of from several months to as long as several years. Both systemic and regional chemotherapy are used in selective patients.
The “core meme” meme
Authors: Robert Aunger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Differences in mutation rates, transmission chain-length, phenotypic manifestations, or the relative complexity of the mental representations in which they are embedded do not distinguish between “core” (intramodular) and “developing” (intermodular) memes, as Atran suggests. Dividing memes into types seems premature when our knowledge of mental representation is as imprecise as the unit of biological inheritance was in Darwin's time.
Tumor Dormancy and MYC Inactivation: Pushing Cancer to the Brink of Normalcy
Authors: Catherine M. Shachaf, Dean W. Felsher
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Upon MYC inactivation, tumors variously undergo proliferative arrest, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis and in some cases, apparently permanently revoking tumorigenesis. In liver tumor cells, we recently showed that MYC inactivation uncovers stem cell properties and triggers differentiation, but in this case, their neoplastic properties are restorable by MYC reactivation. Thus, whereas oncogene inactivation can push cancer to the brink of normalcy, some cells retain the latent capacity to turn cancerous again, arguing that they may exist in a state of tumor dormancy.
Specific interaction between genotype, smoking and autoimmunity to citrullinated α-enolase in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hiba Mahdi, Benjamin A Fisher, Henrik Källberg, Darren Plant, Vivianne Malmström, Johan Rönnelid, Peter Charles, Bo Ding, Lars Alfredsson, Leonid Padyukov, Deborah P M Symmons, Patrick J Venables, Lars Klareskog, Karin Lundberg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Abstract 328: A p53 activating mutation accelerates the progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer arising from the fallopian tube.
Authors: Jaeyeon Kim, Donna M. Coffey, Lang Ma, Martin M. Matzuk
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, the deadliest subtype responsible for 70% of all ovarian cancer deaths. Yet the precise role of p53 mutation in ovarian cancer remains unknown. To address this, we have incorporated a p53 activating mutation, p53R172H, into conditional Dicer-Pten double-knockout (DKO) mice, which develop metastatic high-grade serous carcinomas originating in the fallopian tube, to generate triple-mutant (TKO) mice (p53 LSL-R172H/+ Dicer flox/flox Pten flox/flox Amhr2 cre/+). Like DKO mice, these TKO mice develop high-grade serous carcinomas aggressively metastasizing throughout the abdominal cavity, inducing ascites and causing death. These TKO mice, however, die significantly earlier than DKO mice (average survival: 7.3 (n=31) for the TKO mice vs. 9.4 (n=24) months for the DKO mice; p&amp;lt;0.0001). Despite the overall similar extent of tumor burden and metastasis, TKO tumors appear to spread faster than DKO tumors. In TKO mice, tumor cells originating in the fallopian tube acutely penetrate the ovary, as marked by fallopian tube-specific epithelial markers, cytokeratin 14 and 17. In contrast, the ovary of DKO mice remains intact, largely free of metastasis during tumor progression. Moreover, unlike DKO ovaries, which alone fail to develop any tumors, TKO ovaries are able to initiate and develop metastatic ovarian tumors even after the fallopian tubes are removed, suggesting a tumor-initiating role of p53 mutation in the ovary. Collectively, these results thus reveal the critical role of p53 mutation in initiation and progression of ovarian cancer (Grant support: Ovarian Cancer Research Fund (OCRF); F32 National Research Service Award (NRSA)). Citation Format: Jaeyeon Kim, Donna M. Coffey, Lang Ma, Martin M. Matzuk. A p53 activating mutation accelerates the progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer arising from the fallopian tube. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 328. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-328
Polymorphonuclear leucocyte motility in men with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: C T Pease, M Fennell, D A Brewerton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) response to a chemotactic or chemokinetic stimulus is enhanced in men with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This effect does not parallel the severity of disease activity or the size of the acute phase response, and it is independent of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment. Polymorph function is normal in HLA-B27 positive brothers of probands with AS and in other HLA-B27 positive individuals in the absence of disease. Polymorph motility is also normal in patients with psoriasis vulgaris or Crohn9s disease, indicating that enhanced PMN motility is not a non-specific consequence of all inflammatory disorders.
217. Comparison of Hepatic Vein and Peripheral Vein Delivery of an AAV2/8 Vector Encoding Human a-Galactosidase A to Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Bradley L. Hodges, Qiuming Chu, Jennifer B. Nietupski, Karen M. Ashe, Kristin M. Taylor, Robin J. Ziegler, Seng H. Cheng, John Marshall, Ronald K. Scheule
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

In murine models of lysosomal storage diseases, sustained hepatocyte-restricted expression and secretion of the therapeutic enzyme is capable of correcting the peripheral pathology associated with the storage product. For example, systemic delivery of a recombinant AAV8 vector encoding human alpha-galactosidase A to Fabry mice resulted in complete clearance of the glycosphingolipid storage product in peripherally affected tissues when sustained serum alpha-galactosidase A levels were in excess of 1 ug/ml. In humans, transient blood levels of human FIX have been obtained after hepatocyte transduction with an AAV2 vector. The abbreviatedexpression was attributed to cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) recognition of viral capsid epitopes on the transduced cells. In view of these potential immune-based limitations on expression, we have asked whether we could generate prolonged circulating levels of human alpha-galactosidase A following delivery of an AAV2/8 vector encoding human alpha-galactosidase A under control of a hepatocyte-restricted promoter to immune suppressed rhesus macaques. We have compared systemic delivery using a peripheral vein approach and local delivery using a hepatic vein approach that was developed in a rabbit model. The hepatic vein approach uses a balloon catheter to isolate a lobe of the liver and block blood flow into the vena cava. We then flush the vasculature of the lobe retrograde to blood flow to reduce the concentration of any resident anti-viral antibodies and to allow the viral vector to “dwell” within the lobe for a defined period after delivery. A three month immune suppression regime was used to blunt any neutralizing immune responses to virally-transduced cells or human alpha-galactosidase A. After removing immune suppression, animals will be challenged with purified human alpha- galactosidase A to assess their degree of tolerance to this foreign protein. Although this experiment is not yet complete, we will present up-to-date expression and toxicity data comparing the two delivery techniques.