tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SSU rRNA-based Phylogenetic Position of the Genera Amoeba and Chaos (Lobosea, Gymnamoebia): The Origin of Gymnamoebae Revisited
Authors: Ignacio Bolivar, José F. Fahrni, Alexei Smirnov, Jan Pawlowski
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Naked lobose amoebae (gymnamoebae) are among the most abundant group of protists present in all aquatic and terrestrial biotopes. Yet, because of lack of informative morphological characters, the origin and evolutionary history of gymnamoebae are poorly known. The first molecular studies revealed multiple origins for the amoeboid lineages and an extraordinary diversity of amoebae species. Molecular data, however, exist only for a few species of the numerous taxa belonging to this group. Here, we present the small-subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences of four species of typical large gymnamoebae: Amoeba proteus, Amoeba leningradensis, Chaos nobile, and Chaos carolinense. Sequence analysis suggests that the four species are closely related to the species of genera Saccamoeba, Leptomyxa, Rhizamoeba, Paraflabellula, Hartmannella, and Echinamoeba. All of them form a relatively well-supported clade, which corresponds to the subclass Gymnamoebia, in agreement with morphology-based taxonomy. The other gymnamoebae cluster in small groups or branch separately. Their relationships change depending on the type of analysis and the model of nucleotide substitution. All gymnamoebae branch together in Neighbor-Joining analysis with corrections for among-site rate heterogeneity and proportion of invariable sites. This clade, however, is not statistically supported by SSU rRNA gene sequences and further analysis of protein sequence data will be necessary to test the monophyly of gymnamoebae.
Modulation of left ventricular diastolic distensibility by collateral flow recruitment during balloon coronary occlusion
Authors: Hosam A Remah, Hidetsugu Asanoi, Shuji Joho, Akihiko Igawa, Tomoki Kameyama, Takashi Nozawa, Hiroshi Inoue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein is an EF-hand–type protein identified as a new shrimp allergen
Authors: Rosalía Ayuso, Galina Grishina, María Dolores Ibáñez, Carlos Blanco, Teresa Carrillo, Ramon Bencharitiwong, Silvia Sánchez, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Abstract 3064: Epstein-Barr virus encoded BART microRNAs facilitate nasopharyngeal carcinoma development and progression via deregulation of Wnt signaling.
Authors: Alissa Michelle G. Wong, Jinna Chen, Stephanie Ma, Janice Wing Hang Tsang, Xin Yuan Guan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) encoded BamHI Rightward Transcript (BART) microRNAs are frequently upregulated in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) specimens as previously reported by our group and also several others. However, very few studies have linked the potential role of these BARTs with commonly deregulated signaling pathways in NPC, particularly Wnt Signaling. Herein, we demonstrate that functional clustering of overexpressed BART microRNA target genes confer high enrichment within the Wnt signaling pathway, whereby BARTs 6-3p, 7, 14, 17-5p and 19-3p appear to extensively target key Wnt inhibitors such as WIF1, GSK3B, APC (forms destruction complex), BTRCP (Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of B-catenin) and NLK (interfere with B-catenin/TCF/LEF binding). Although these 5 candidate BARTs were able to enhance TCF/LEF activity to induce downstream factors (e.g. CMYC, CCND1, MMP7, OCT4, SLUG), the extent and underlying mechanisms of Wnt activation conferred by these BARTs are not entirely the same. BARTs 17-5p and 19-3p can efficiently activate Wnt signaling marked by significantly enhanced levels of total and active B-catenin via post-translational downregulation of GSK3B, APC, BTRC and NLK. Meanwhile, the more conservative increase in active B-catenin and TCF/LEF activity induced by BARTs 6-3p, 7 and 14 could be attributable to their inability to inhibit the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis effects of B-TRC, despite partial downregulation of GSK3B and NLK. Upon demonstrating the wide influence of BART19-3p in Wnt deregulation, in vitro and in vivo functional assays also demonstrate the ability of BART19-3p to acquire oncogenic properties associated with Wnt activation (e.g. enhanced proliferation, invasion, EMT and stemness). Citation Format: Alissa Michelle G. Wong, Jinna Chen, Stephanie Ma, Janice Wing Hang Tsang, Xin Yuan Guan. Epstein-Barr virus encoded BART microRNAs facilitate nasopharyngeal carcinoma development and progression via deregulation of Wnt signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3064. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3064
Pathogenesis of Lower-Esophageal-Sphincter Incompetence
Authors: W. H. Lipshutz, R. D. Gaskins, W. M. Lukash, J. Sode
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Since patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux have diminished lower-esophagealsphincter pressure, we studied the pathogenesis of this diminished sphincteric pressure. In 23 patients with symptomatic reflux as compared to 20 controls, the lower-esophageal-sphincter response to direct muscle stimulation by a parasympathomimetic drug (beth-anechol chloride) and to the effect of a cholinesterase inhibitor (edrophonium chloride) was identical. Complete dose-response curves of lower-esophagealsphincter pressure to exogenous intravenous pentagastrin were also similar in both groups. The response to endogenous gastrin release was diminished in reflux patients. Pressure (mean ± S.E.) increased in response to gastric deacidification in reflux subjects by 1.5 ± 0.5 mm Hg (70.5 ± 3.6 per cent) and by 10.5 ± 1.5 mm Hg (197.5 ± 11.6 per cent) in the controls (p<0.001). The response to the gastric infusion of glycine was 2.3 ± 0.5 mm Hg (35.7 ± 5.0 per cent) in reflux subjects as compared to 19.4 ± 3.4 mm Hg (118.4 ± 4.8 per cent) in control subjects (p<0.001 ). We suggest that a diminished release of endogenous gastrin may be responsible for sphincteric hypotension in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. (N Engl J Med 289:182–184, 1973)
469 Short course of pegylated alfa interferon in acute HCV hepatitis
Authors: G. Calleri, F. Gaiottino, G. Leo, S. Belloro, P. Romano, G. Dalmasso, A. Traverso, R. Carbone, P. Orsi, G. Tinelli, P. Caramello, G. Di Perri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Indian government plans 10 regional laboratories to estimate hepatitis burden
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The government in India plans to set up 10 regional laboratories through the National Centre for Disease Control to survey the extent of viral hepatitis in the country.

Shri Lov Verma, secretary of the Department of Health and Family, made the announcement at a round table consultation meeting titled “Viral Hepatitis in India: Gaps, Challenges and Priorities,” held at the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, on 28 July.1 Verma said that, by 2017, …
The role of calcium ions in toxic cell injury.
Authors: J L Farber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Calcium ions have been increasingly implicated as a mediator of the mechanisms generating lethal cell injury under a variety of pathologic circumstances. An overview of the various roles suggested for such alterations in cellular calcium homeostasis is presented. The central role of plasma membrane damage in the genesis of irreversible cell injury is used to divide the postulated roles for calcium ions into two major mechanisms. On the one hand, calcium ions have been proposed as mediators of the functional consequences of plasma membrane injury. An influx of extracellular calcium ions across a damaged permeability barrier and down a steep concentration gradient may convert potentially reversible injury into irreversible injury. On the other hand, alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis are postulated to participate in the mechanisms generating potentially lethal plasma membrane injury. The release of calcium stores sequestered within intracellular organelles raises the cytosolic concentration of free calcium, a process that may activate, in turn, a number of membrane-disruptive processes. The data supporting these two distinct actions of calcium are reviewed and discussed.
Use of Intravenous Amphetamine Sulphate in Acute Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: J. D. N. Nabarro
Journal: BMJ (1950)

YEARSthe patient is conscious he must be taught to play an active part in his own re-education, and his activities must be carefully supervised.Bed exercises in the early stages are followed by exer- cises while learning to stand, and, later, by practice in walking with a stick and a little assistance, and, finally, by walking with a stick unaided on the flat and then on the stairs.During the treatment of all these conditions suitable occupational therapy should be provided, and general interest be stimulated by encouraging visiting, reading, conversation with other patients, and by wireless pro- grammes (via headphones and not loudspeakers, unless a room can be set aside for such purpose).If these principles are adhered to then success in treat- ment will depend upon early and full treatment, attention to detail in an atmosphere of optimism, strength of the team-work, confidence of the patient in the team, and the experience and activity of the physician. SummaryThe results of inactivity both to the individual and to the community are outlined, and an argument is put forward for the maintenance of full activity and independence among the elderly and for their rehabilitation.Inactivity may be brought about by psychological, physical, or social conditions; preventive measures against these are described.Medical conditions which particularly predispose to inactivity are enumerated, and principles underlying their management and treatment are discussed.Warning is given that long periods of rest necessitated by illness must be regarded as "danger periods."Points stressed are: that good results depend on a high standard of medicine, on really good team-work, and on an atmosphere of optimism and activity, combined with the patient's confidence and co-operation in his treatment.Some suggestions are made with regard to the treatment of arthritics and hemiplegics.
A Controlled Study of Behavioral Inhibition in Children of Parents With Panic Disorder and Depression
Authors: Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, Joseph Biederman, Dina R. Hirshfeld-Becker, Jerome Kagan, Nancy Snidman, Deborah Friedman, Allan Nineberg, Daniel J. Gallery, Stephen V. Faraone
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: "Behavioral inhibition to the unfamiliar" has been proposed as a precursor to anxiety disorders. Children with behavioral inhibition are cautious, quiet, introverted, and shy in unfamiliar situations. Several lines of evidence suggest that behavioral inhibition is an index of anxiety proneness. The authors sought to replicate prior findings and examine the specificity of the association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety. METHOD: Laboratory-based behavioral observations were used to assess behavioral inhibition in 129 young children of parents with panic disorder and major depression, 22 children of parents with panic disorder without major depression, 49 children of parents with major depression without panic disorder, and 84 children of parents without anxiety disorders or major depression (comparison group). A standard definition of behavioral inhibition based on previous research ("dichotomous behavioral inhibition") was compared with two other definitions. RESULTS: Dichotomous behavioral inhibition was most frequent among the children of parents with panic disorder plus major depression (29% versus 12% in comparison subjects). For all definitions, the univariate effects of parental major depression were significant (conferring a twofold risk for behavioral inhibition), and for most definitions the effects of parental panic disorder conferred a twofold risk as well. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the comorbidity of panic disorder and major depression accounts for much of the observed familial link between parental panic disorder and childhood behavioral inhibition. Further work is needed to elucidate the role of parental major depression in conferring risk for behavioral inhibition in children.
Greater Effect of Glycemia on Incidence of Hypertension in Women Than in Men
Authors: Steven M Haffner, Rodolfo Valdez, Philip A Morales, Braxton D Mitchell, Helen P Hazuda, Michael P Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

In subjects with NIDDM, diabetic women have a greater relative excess of CHD relative to nondiabetic women than do diabetic men relative to nondiabetic men. This excess in diabetic women is explained partially by the particularly atherogenic pattern of lipoproteins in this group. We hypothesize that diabetic women also may have a higher incidence of hypertension than diabetic men.We examined the effect of NIDDM and IGT relative to NGT on the incidence of hypertension separately in men (n = 844) and women (n = 618) in the 8-yr follow-up of the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Women had a greater risk of hypertension with worsening glucose tolerance (RR NIDDM/NGT = 2.65 and RR IGT/NGT = 1.94) compared with men (RR NIDDM/NGT = 1.61 and RR IGT/NGT = 0.91). Controlling for other possible confounding variables such as age, obesity, body fat distribution, and fasting insulin concentration did not alter the interaction of sex and glycemia on incidence of hypertension.The especially increased risk of hypertension in women with abnormal glucose tolerance may explain partly the high risk of CHD in this group.
Measurement of Regional Blood Flow in Cerebral Cortex of Man Through Intact Skull
Authors: H. I. Glass, A. M. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Regional blood flow in the cerebral cortex has been measured in man by Lassen and Ingvar (1961) and Ingvar and Lassen (1961) using the krypton-85 clearance method developed by them.Krypton-85, dissolved in saline, is injected over several minutes into the carotid artery.The gas diffuses almost equally between the blood and the brain.On cessation of the injection the krypton diffuses back into the blood, and the rate at which it is cleared from the brain tissue will depend on the quantity of blood perfusing the brain.There is no significant recirculation of the gas, as it is almost completely excreted in the lungs.Since krypton-85 emits mainly beta particles with a range in tissue averaging 0.7 mm., this method can be used only on the exposed brain cortex, and so its clinical applications could only be limited.Ingvar and Lassen (1962) have suggested that this disadvantage could be overcome by using a gamma emitter, such as krypton-79.However, as this isotope emits very energetic gamma rays it is difficult to localize accurately the area of brain under study.We have used the technique of Lassen and Ingvar but have substituted xenon-133 for krypton-85.This isotope emits a soft gamma ray of energy equal to 81 KeV.The xenon-133 is dissolved in saline and about 4 millicuries in 10 ml. is injected over two to three minutes into the internal carotid artery.The clearance of xenon-133 from the cerebral cortex is observed by means of a 5-in.(12.5-cm.)diameter scintillation detector and focusing collimator.The response of the collimator
Transforming growth factor-β1: There is regulation beyond transcription
Authors: David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Since many lines of evidence suggest that expression of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene may be regulated post-transcriptionally, we examined the effect of the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of this gene on TGF-β1 expression. For this purpose, fragments of the 840-nucleotide highly GC-rich TGF-β1 5′-UTR were inserted into the 5′-UTR of the structural gene for human growth hormone driven by the simian virus 40 early promoter. A portion of the 5′-UTR of TGF-β1 mRNA spanning the sequences from +11 to + 147 was shown to inhibit growth hormone expression by as much as 22-fold. This effect was cell-specific; growth hormone production was inhibited in PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma and A-549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, while no effect was seen in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, which show efficient translation of endogenous TGF-β1 mRNA. Computer analysis showed that this region of the 5′-UTR contained a stable secondary stem-loop structure spanning sequences +49 to + 76. This stem-loop region alone is sufficient to inhibit expression of the growth hormone gene, suggesting that it plays an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of TGF-β1 gene expression.
Lethal injection is medicalising execution
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Increasing numbers of doctors and other medical staff worldwide will be involved in state ordered executions if the preference for lethal injection continues to grow, warns Amnesty International in a new report.

Lethal injection is widely perceived to be a more humane method of carrying out the death penalty, although well documented evidence clearly refutes this, says the report. Lethal injection is also thought to be more up to date and in keeping with developments in forensic medicine. Medical expertise is usually required at …
The effects of airway pressure on cardiac function in intact dogs and man.
Authors: J S Rankin, C O Olsen, C E Arentzen, G S Tyson, G Maier, P K Smith, J W Hammon, J W Davis, P A McHale, R W Anderson, D C Sabiston
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is associated with reduced cardiac output, but the mechanisms involved are controversial. Possible explanations include increased intrathoracic pressure, reflex changes in myocardial inotropism, pulmonary vascular obstruction and abnormal ventricular interaction. Three types of conscious canine preparations were developed to examine simultaneously each of these factors during ventilation with PEEP. In addition, similar measurements were obtained in patients after cardiac surgical procedures and compared with the results of animal experiments. The primary cause of reduced cardiac output during PEEP appeared to be a diminished end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle, and this appeared to be the result of elevated intrathoracic pressure and increased impedance to blood flow through the lungs. Abnormal interventricular septal shifting and reflex autonomic alterations did not appear to be significant in the normal cardiovascular system. These data provide insight into the cardiac effects of PEEP and emphasize the importance of simultaneous quantification of biventricular performance when assessing cardiopulmonary function.
Laparotomy and Splenectomy in the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease.
Authors: Lawrence W. Allen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Laparotomy and Splenectomy in the Staging of Hodgkin's Disease.Lawrence W. Allen, M.D., John E. Ultmann, M.D., F.A.C.P., Henry Rappaport, M.D., F.A.C.P.Lawrence W. Allen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John E. Ultmann, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Henry Rappaport, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-799_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe have performed diagnostic laparotomy, splenectomy, or both, in all patients admitted to the Argonne Cancer Research Hospital, Chicago, for evaluation and treatment of Hodgkin's disease unless stage IV disease was proved. Twenty-one patients, ages 8 to 45, entered the study. All had laparotomy and liver biopsy; 19 had biopsy of retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and 18 had splenectomy. There was negligible morbidity and no mortality. Of 19 patients having lymph node biopsies, 17 had inferior vena cavagrams or lymphangiograms suitable for correlation; of 11 with normal or equivocal studies, 2 had positive nodes on biopsy; of 6 with abnormal studies,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 799-799KeywordsBiopsyCancer treatmentHodgkin lymphomaLaparotomyLiverLymph nodesMorbidityMortalitySplenectomy Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Impaired cardiac muscarinic receptor function in dogs with heart failure.
Authors: D E Vatner, D L Lee, K R Schwarz, J P Longabaugh, A M Fujii, S F Vatner, C J Homcy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Prior physiological studies have suggested that parasympathetic control is altered in heart failure. The goal of our studies was to investigate the influence of heart failure on the muscarinic receptor, and its coupling to adenylate cyclase. Ligand binding studies using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate and enriched left ventricular (LV) sarcolemma, demonstrated that muscarinic receptor density in heart failure declined 36% from a control of 5.6 +/- 0.6 pmol/mg, with no change in antagonist affinity. However, agonist competition studies with both carbachol and oxotremorine showed that it was a loss of high affinity agonist binding sites in the sarcolemma from failing LV that accounted for this difference. The functional efficacy of the muscarinic receptor was also examined. When 1 microM methacholine was added to 0.1 mM GTP and 0.1 mM isoproterenol, adenylate cyclase stimulated activity was inhibited by 15% in normal LV but only 5% in LV sarcolemma from animals with heart failure even when the reduced adenylate cyclase in these heart failure animals was taken into account. Even at 100-fold greater concentrations of methacholine, significantly less inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity was observed in LV failure as compared with normal LV sarcolemma. Levels of the GTP-inhibitory protein known to couple the muscarinic receptor to adenylate cyclase, as measured with pertussis toxin labeling, were not depressed in LV failure. Thus, the inhibitory pathway regulating LV adenylate cyclase activity is defective in heart failure. The decrease in muscarinic receptor density, and in particular the specific loss of the high affinity agonist binding component of this receptor population, appears to be the major factor underlying this abnormality.