tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human β‐defensins and toll‐like receptors in the upper airway
Authors: S. Claeys, T. De Belder, G. Holtappels, P. Gevaert, B. Verhasselt, P. Van Cauwenberge, C. Bachert
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Measurement of innate markers in nasal mucosa, tonsils and adenoids might lead to new views about the role of innate immunity in the upper airway. In this study, the expression of human β‐defensins (HBD) 2 and 3 and toll‐like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 in various upper airway diseases was investigated. Methods: Surgical samples from patients with tonsillar disease ( n = 18), hypertrophic adenoids ( n = 10) and sinonasal disease ( n = 30) (chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, turbinate mucosa as controls) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Quantification of HBD‐2 and 3 mRNA, TLR‐2 and 4 mRNA expression was performed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Immunohistochemistry revealed a strong expression of HBD‐2 in tonsillar tissue. Quantification of HBD‐2 and HBD‐3 mRNA showed a more than tenfold higher expression in tonsillar tissue than in adenoids, whereas in nasal biopsies, only negligible defensin expression could be measured. No significant differences were found for TLR‐4 between the various tissues, whereas TLR‐2 expression in adenoids was significantly lower compared with other tissues. Conclusion: These results demonstrate a strong defensin expression in tonsillar tissue compared with nasal and paranasal mucosa and adenoids. Toll‐like receptor expression in all these tissues illustrates a possibly important immunological sentinel function of upper airway mucosa.
Early Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Thomas Ashley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 October 1997Early Detection of Prostate CancerThomas Ashley, MD and Mark KnuthThomas Ashley, MDLincoln Benefit Life Company Lincoln, NE 68501-0469Search for more papers by this author and Mark KnuthLincoln Benefit Life Company Lincoln, NE 68501-0469Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Coley and colleagues [1] analyzed the consequences of early detection and treatment of prostate cancer by using a pessimistic estimate of normal life expectancy. Because the general population includes many seriously ill persons, using the life expectancy derived from the National Center for Health Statistics data (the authors' Table 1) minimizes the potential benefits of any screening strategy.Clinicians screen healthy men for prostate cancer, not all men in the population. A projection of potential years of life gained by screening that reflects the good general health of candidates for screening would reveal greater advantages for screening. ...References1. Coley CM, Barry MJ, Fleming C, Fahs MC, Mulley AG. Early detection of prostate cancer. Part II: estimating the risks, benefits, and costs. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:468-79. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lincoln Benefit Life Company Lincoln, NE 68501-0469 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_1Page: 656 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Proud Paratrooper
Authors: Travis P. Baggett
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maintaining Connections: Some Thoughts on the Value of Intensive Care Unit Rounding for General Medicine Ward Teams
Authors: Joel D. Howell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

When established ward patients are unexpectedly transferred to an intensive care unit (ICU), the ward team should continue to follow them. Although there may be reasons not to do so, the advantages outweigh the obstacles. Great pedagogic value can be gained from following patients after acute decompensation, but a more important reason is that by following patients into the ICU, the ward team can enact for both patients and their families the twin virtues of caring and continuity. Doing so also demonstrates the highest ideals of medicine—that we are focused not on defined areas of turf, but on our patient's well-being. It shows that we are not merely doing narrowly defined "shift work," but that we truly care about our patients. Rounding on established patients who have been transferred into the ICU is the sort of behavior that undergirds the fundamental bases of professionalism. It takes a few minutes from a busy day, but it can be incredibly beneficial for families, patients, and the ideals of medicine.
LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS RECEIVING PERMANENT PACEMAKER AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Konstantinos Stathogiannis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Konstantinos Spargias, George Latsios, Andreas Synetos, Styliani Brili, Antonios Mastrokostopoulos, Michael Chrissoheris, Antonios Halapas, Aias Adoniades, Gregory Pavlides, Christodoulos I Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Heart muscle disease related to HIV infection: prognostic implications
Authors: P. F Currie, A. J Jacob, A. R Foreman, R. A Elton, R. P Brettle, N. A Boon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To determine the natural course of heart muscle disease in patients infected with HIV. <b>Design</b>: Prospective echocardiographic survey and observational study over four years. <b>Setting</b>: Edinburgh. Subjects—296 adults infected with HIV (mean age 32.7 years (range 21.5 to 67.6) drawn from all the major groups at risk of HIV infection in Britain. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Detection of myocardial dysfunction and time to death from index echocardiogram in serial echocardiography. <b>Results</b>: Cardiac dysfunction was identified in 44 subjects (dilated cardiomyopathy, 13; isolated right ventricular dysfunction, 12; borderline left ventricular dysfunction, 19). Dilated cardiomyopathy was strongly associated with a CD4 cell count of &lt;100 × 10<sup>6</sup>/l, in contrast with the other forms of cardiac dysfunction. During the study 12/13 (92%) subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy, 5/12 (42%) with right ventricular dysfunction, and 8/19 (42%) with borderline left ventricular function died of conditions related to AIDS. Survival was significantly reduced in the subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy compared with those with normal hearts (P&lt;0.001). The median survival from the index echocardiogram was 101 days (95% confidence interval 42 to 146) for the subjects with cardiomyopathy compared with 472 days (383 to 560) for those with normal hearts and a CD4 cell count of &lt;20 × 10<sup>6</sup>/l. No significant difference existed in survival for subjects with borderline left or isolated right ventricular dysfunction. <b>Conclusion</b>: Even after adjustment for the significantly reduced CD4 cell count with which dilated cardiomyopathy is associated, the outlook for patients with HIV infection and dilated cardiomyopathy is poor. Isolated right and borderline left ventricular dysfunction are not associated with reduced CD4 cells counts and do not carry adverse prognostic implications.
Standardization of the Prick Test
Authors: A. Basomba, A. Sastre, A. Peláez, A. Romar, A. Campos, A. GWarcía‐Villalmanzo
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The different needles and methods used in the prick test give rise to disparate results. This has significance when carrying out multi‐centre studies and when using the technique in the standardization of allergenic extracts. With test reliability as our objective, prick tests were carried out on 30 subjects: 10 patients sensitive to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus received a glycerine extract of known allergenic potency, 10 healthy individuals 2.5% codeine phosphate in a glycerine solution, and another 10, histamine 1/1000. The total prick tests per individual was 27 with each of the needles employed (Allergy Pricker, the Morrow‐Brown needle and Insulin needle in accordance with Pepy's procedure). The tests were carried out systematically by three different testers, and the total number of prick tests performed was 810. With the Allergy Pricker, no differences were observed among results obtained by the same tester, nor when the results of the three testers were compared. With the Morrow‐Brown needle, the results varied in the same person and from one tester to another, and on many occasions the test was negative. With the Pepys method, no falsely negative results were obtained, but there was considerable variation in the size of the wheal. The variation coefficient is 41 % with the Allergy Pricker, and 115 % and 64 % with the Morrow‐Brown and Pepys method, respectively. In conclusion, the results obtained clearly indicate that the highest degree of reproducibility is obtained with the Allergy Pricker.
Effects of oral theophylline on sick sinus syndrome
Authors: Daiji Saito, Katashi Matsubara, Hiroshi Yamanari, Naotsugu Obayashi, Sinji Uchida, Kiyoaki Maekawa, Tetsuya Sato, Kouzou Mizuo, Hiroo Kobayashi, Shoichi Haraoka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women After Receiving Hormone Therapy
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky, Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, Mary A. Whooley, None for the HERS Research Group
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextPostmenopausal hormone therapy is commonly used by women for disease prevention, but its effects on quality of life have not been well documented.ObjectiveTo determine the effect on quality of life of estrogen plus progestin therapy used as secondary prevention in women with coronary artery disease.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA total of 2763 postmenopausal women with documented coronary artery disease (mean age, 67 years) in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted from January 1993 to July 1998 at outpatient and community settings at 20 US clinical centers.InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to receive either 0.625 mg/d of conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg/d of medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 1380) or placebo (n = 1383) for 36 months.Main Outcome MeasuresPhysical activity, measured by the Duke Activity Status Index; energy/fatigue and mental health, measured by RAND scales; and depressive symptoms, measured on the Burnam screening scale, at 3 years of follow-up.ResultsIn all patients, scores declined significantly over 3 years for physical function (−3.8; P<.001), mental health (−0.6; P = .05), and energy/fatigue (−3.8; P<.001), but depressive symptoms were not significantly changed (P = .20). The effect of hormone therapy on these measures depended on the presence (n = 434) or absence (n = 2325) of flushing at study entry. Women with flushing who were assigned to hormone therapy had improved mental health (+2.6 vs − 0.5; P = .04) and fewer depressive symptoms (−0.5 vs + 0.007; P = .01) over follow-up compared with those assigned to placebo. Women without flushing who were assigned to hormone therapy had greater declines in physical function (−4.2 vs −3.3; P = .04) and energy/fatigue (−4.6 vs −3.1; P = .03) over follow-up. Quality-of-life scores were significantly lower among patients with older age, diabetes, hypertension, chest pain, or heart failure. These differences in quality of life among women classified by clinical characteristics were much greater than the effects of hormone therapy.ConclusionHormone therapy has mixed effects on quality of life among older women. The effects of hormone therapy depend on the presence of menopausal symptoms; women without flushing had greater declines in physical measures, while women with flushing had improvements in emotional measures of quality of life.
Compassion in Medicine: Toward New Definitions and New Institutions
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Bernard Barber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

What is the meaning of compassion in medicine? What is its place in the art of medicine? If asked to rank compassion as a value in medical care, most physicians and patients would probably consider it as important as science; yet the subject of compassion has received little attention in the medical literature. Since the quality of medical care is a matter of concern to both doctors and patients, it seems worthwhile to explore compassion, an essential constituent of care.1 2 3 It is interesting and perhaps indicative that Dorland's Medical Dictionary does not include a definition of compassion. Webster's Third Dictionary . . .
Correction: Booting Up "The Quantitative Approach to Patient Care"
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1989Correction: Booting Up "The Quantitative Approach to Patient Care"Thomas C. Chalmers, MDThomas C. Chalmers, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-12-1050_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Thank you for the complimentary review of my new book (1). The reviewer's sad experience in not being able to boot up the disk that is included as the software package in the book is regrettable; however, the insert that accompanies the disk and is found in the inside pocket of the book states clearly that because of the amount of information contained on the disk, it is necessary to use high-density diskettes that will run only on AT-level machines with high-density drives. The alternative is to copy the high-density disk onto a standard 3.5-inch disk or...Reference1. Detmer D. Data Analysis for Clinical Medicine: The Quantitative Approach to Patient Care in Gastroenterology [Book review]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:192. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA 02155 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1989Volume 111, Issue 12Page: 1050-1050KeywordsPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 December 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Accuracy of Reports of Lifetime Mental and Physical Disorders
Authors: Yoichiro Takayanagi, Adam P. Spira, Kimberly B. Roth, Joseph J. Gallo, William W. Eaton, Ramin Mojtabai
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our understanding of how mental and physical disorders are associated and contribute to health outcomes in populations depends on accurate ascertainment of the history of these disorders. Recent studies have identified substantial discrepancies in the prevalence of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults depending on whether the estimates are based on retrospective reports or multiple assessments over time. It is unknown whether such discrepancies are also seen in midlife to late life. Furthermore, no previous studies have compared lifetime prevalence estimates of common physical disorders such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension ascertained by prospective cumulative estimates vs retrospective estimates.To examine the lifetime prevalence estimates of mental and physical disorders during midlife to late life using both retrospective and cumulative evaluations.Prospective population-based survey (Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey) with 4 waves of interviews of 1071 community residents in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1981 and 2005.Lifetime prevalence of selected mental and physical disorders at wave 4 (2004-2005), according to both retrospective data and cumulative evaluations based on 4 interviews from wave 1 to wave 4. RESULTS Retrospective evaluations substantially underestimated the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders as compared with cumulative evaluations. The respective lifetime prevalence estimates ascertained by retrospective and cumulative evaluations were 4.5% vs. 13.1% for major depressive disorder, 0.6% vs. 7.1% for obsessive-compulsive disorder, 2.5% vs. 6.7% for panic disorder, 12.6% vs. 25.3% for social phobia, 9.1% vs. 25.9% for alcohol abuse or dependence, and 6.7% vs. 17.6% for drug abuse or dependence. In contrast, retrospective lifetime prevalence estimates of physical disorders ascertained at wave 4 were much closer to those based on cumulative data from all 4 waves. The respective prevalence estimates ascertained by the 2 methods were 18.2% vs. 20.2% for diabetes, 48.4% vs. 55.4% for hypertension, 45.8% vs. 54.0% for arthritis, 5.5% vs. 7.2% for stroke, and 8.4% vs. 10.5% for cancer.One-time, cross-sectional population surveys may consistently underestimate the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders. The population burden of mental disorders may therefore be substantially higher than previously appreciated.
Using the CHA2DS2-VASc Score for Refining Stroke Risk Stratification in ‘Low-Risk’ Asian Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tze-Fan Chao, Chia-Jen Liu, Kang-Ling Wang, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Shih-Lin Chang, Li-Wei Lo, Yu-Feng Hu, Ta-Chuan Tuan, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Staphylococcal Colonization in Newborn Infants with and without Antiseptic Skin Care
Authors: Louis Gluck, Harrison F. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

RECENT studies at the Yale–New Haven Medical Center1 , 2 have demonstrated that properly performed antiseptic skin and umbilical-cord care brings about a striking decrease in colonization of newborn infants by pathogenic staphylococci.§ Gluck and Wood2 suggested that this effect may be due to the interruption of a major epidemiologic route operative in nurseries — namely, staphylococci from all sources first colonize the skin or cord, or both, and are then carried into the nose. They found a 51 per cent overall colonization of nose and cord in a control group of 500 infants on "dry" skin care and a prompt drop . . .
Monoclonal Antibody May Be Helpful for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AN ALCOHOL DETOXICATION MECHANISM IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: JOHN G. DEWAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

1. An alcohol oxidation mechanism has been found to be present in brain. The extraction and analysis of the system has been described. 2. Two members of the vitamin B complex, namely nicotinic acid and riboflavin, are components, i. e., they are essential for brain to metabolize alcohol. 3. The possible role of the mechanism in the economy of the central nervous system has been discussed. It has been suggested that it may function as a detoxicating or protective device when alcohol is used in narcotic concentrations. Investigations are being carried out to determine the chemical steps in the metabolism of alcohol by brain.
Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep-disordered Breathing in Adolescents
Authors: Susan Redline, Amy Storfer-Isser, Carol L. Rosen, Nathan L. Johnson, H. Lester Kirchner, Judith Emancipator, Anna Marie Kibler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects 4 to 10% of adolescents. Risk factors include overweight, male sex, and Hispanic ethnicity. Although sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been implicated as a risk factor for MetS in adults, its association with SDB in adolescents is unknown.Objectives: To define the association of SDB with MetS in adolescents.Methods: Standardized measurements of SDB, anthropometry and bioassays, were made in 270 adolescents, aged 13.6 ± 0.7 years. MetS was identified if threshold levels were exceeded in three of five areas: waist circumference, blood pressure, triglyceride level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and glucose levels.Measurements and Main Results: Although 70% of children with SDB (apnea–hypopnea index ⩾ 5) were overweight and 59% had MetS, 16% of children without SDB had MetS. Twenty-five percent of those with MetS had SDB. After adjusting for age, race, sex, and preterm status, children with SDB had a 6.49 (95% confidence interval, 2.52, 16.70) increased odds of MetS compared with children without SDB. Indices of SDB stress associated with MetS included respiratory event frequency, degree of oxygen desaturation, and sleep efficiency. Analyses of individual metabolic parameters showed that, after adjustment for body mass index, SDB was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting insulin levels.Conclusions: A majority of adolescents with SDB are overweight and meet criteria for MetS. The close association between MetS and SDB and their putative interacting pathophysiologies suggests a need to develop screening, prevention, and treatment strategies for both disorders in high-risk, overweight adolescents.