tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-Induced Gene Expression in Chemoradioresistant Cervical Cancer Revealed by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI
Authors: Cathinka Halle, Erlend Andersen, Malin Lando, Eva-Katrine Aarnes, Grete Hasvold, Marit Holden, Randi G. Syljuåsen, Kolbein Sundfør, Gunnar B. Kristensen, Ruth Holm, Eirik Malinen, Heidi Lyng
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Knowledge of the molecular background of functional magnetic resonance (MR) images is required to fully exploit their potential in cancer management. We explored the prognostic impact of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters in cervical cancer combined with global gene expression data to reveal their underlying molecular phenotype and construct a representative gene signature for the relevant parameter. On the basis of 78 patients with cervical cancer subjected to curative chemoradiotherapy, we identified the prognostic DCE-MRI parameter A(Brix) by pharmacokinetic analysis of pretreatment images based on the Brix model, in which tumors with low A(Brix) appeared to be most aggressive. Gene set analysis of 46 tumors with pairwise DCE-MRI and gene expression data showed a significant correlation between A(Brix) and the hypoxia gene sets, whereas gene sets related to other tumor phenotypes were not significant. Hypoxia gene sets specific for cervical cancer created in cell culture experiments, including both targets of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1α) and the unfolded protein response, were the most significant. In the remaining 32 tumors, low A(Brix) was associated with upregulation of HIF1α protein expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, consistent with increased hypoxia. On the basis of the hypoxia gene sets, a signature of 31 genes that were upregulated in tumors with low A(Brix) was constructed. This DCE-MRI hypoxia gene signature showed prognostic impact in an independent validation cohort of 109 patients. Our findings reveal the molecular basis of an aggressive hypoxic phenotype and suggest the use of DCE-MRI to noninvasively identify patients with hypoxia-related chemoradioresistance.
Trends in Fungal Keratitis in the United States, 2001 to 2007
Authors: Emily W. Gower, Lisa J. Keay, Rafael A. Oechsler, Alfonso Iovieno, Eduardo C. Alfonso, Dan B. Jones, Kathryn Colby, Sonal S. Tuli, Seema R. Patel, Salena M. Lee, John Irvine, R. Doyle Stulting, Thomas F. Mauger, Oliver D. Schein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Autocrine insulin-like growth factor-II stimulation of tumor cell migration is a progression step in human hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Tanja Nussbaum, Jana Samarin, Volker Ehemann, Michaela Bissinger, Eduard Ryschich, Akmal Khamidjanov, Xiaolei Yu, Norbert Gretz, Peter Schirmacher, Kai Breuhahn
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The protumorigenic insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II is highly expressed in a significant fraction of human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). However, a functional dissection that clarifies the contribution of IGF-II–binding receptors in tumor progression and a respective molecular characterization of IGF-II signaling has not been performed. Therefore, expression of IGF-II and its receptors IGF-receptor type I (IGF-IR) and insulin receptor (IR) was efficiently blocked using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in HCC cells. Despite functional IR-signaling, oncogenic IGF-II effects such as tumor cell viability, proliferation, and anti-apoptosis were solely transmitted by IGF-IR. Although IGF-II signaling was previously not described in the context of HCC cell migration, the IGF-II–dependent expression profile displayed a high percentage of genes involved in cell motility and adhesion. Indeed, IGF-II overexpression promoted HCC cell migration, especially in synergy with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The therapeutic relevance of IGF-II/IGF-IR signaling was tested in vitro and in a murine xenograft transplantation model using the IGF-IR inhibitor picropodophyllin (PPP). IGF-IR inhibition by small molecule treatment efficiently reduced IGF-II–dependent signaling and all protumorigenic properties of the IGF-II/IGF-IR pathway. Conclusion: In human HCC cells, IGF-IR but not IR is involved in oncogenic IGF-II signaling. Autocrine stimulation of IGF-II induces HCC motility by integration of paracrine signals for full malignant competence. Thus, activation of IGF-II/IGF-IR signaling is likely a progression switch selected by function that promotes tumor cell dissemination and aggressive tumor behavior. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
Foot infection in coal miners: a reassessment
Authors: YVONNE M. HOPE, YVONNE M. CLAYTON, R.J. HAY, W.C. NOBLE, J.G. ELDER-SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Foot infection in coal miners: a reassessment Get access YVONNE M. HOPE, YVONNE M. HOPE Skin Infection Unit, Institute of Dermatology, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar YVONNE M. CLAYTON, YVONNE M. CLAYTON Skin Infection Unit, Institute of Dermatology, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. HAY, R.J. HAY Skin Infection Unit, Institute of Dermatology, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.C. NOBLE, W.C. NOBLE Skin Infection Unit, Institute of Dermatology, Nottingham Professor W.C. Noble, Institute of Dermatology, Hometton Grove, London E9 6BX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.G. ELDER‐SMITH J.G. ELDER‐SMITH National Coal Board, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 4, 1 April 1985, Pages 405–413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02313.x Published: 01 April 1985 Article history Accepted: 10 August 1984 Published: 01 April 1985
Outpatient follow up
Authors: M. Emberton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

One of the first questions that trainee surgeons learn to ask a new boss before the first outpatient clinic gets under way is, “Do you routinely follow up all your patients?” The reason the question needs asking is that some consultants do and others don't. The paper in this issue by Alison Waghorn and colleagues (p 1344) confirms this impression.1 According to their survey of 100 randomly selected general surgeons, the decision to offer an outpatient appointment depended largely on the consultant's view of outpatient visits in general. The bimodal distribution of responses showed that some surgeons offered appointments to almost all their patients, irrespective of diagnosis or procedure, while others followed up almost none.

In keeping with this observation, a recent review of individual …
POSSIBLE ROLE OF INTERFERON IN DETERMINING THE ONCOGENIC EFFECT OF POLYOMA VIRUS VARIANTS
Authors: Robert M. Friedman, Alan S. Rabson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

1. Infection of newborn C(3)Hf/Bi mice with both the highly oncogenic S variant and the poorly oncogenic M variant of polyoma virus caused significantly fewer tumors than infection with the S variant alone 2. Infection of newborn C(3)Hf/Bi mice at birth with either M or S variant caused resistance to infection with a heterologous agent, encephalomyocarditis virus, but the M variant caused a somewhat greater degree of resistance. 3. Extracts of tissues of animals infected at birth with the M variant had measurable levels of interferon, reaching a peak on the 5th day after infection with the virus. Extracts of animals infected with the S variant showed no such activity. 4. The growth curves of the two variants in newborn C(3)Hf/Bi mice showed that the S variant grew to a 1000-fold greater titer than did the M variant at 5 days after infection. Samples tested at 10 days showed a 10-fold difference. 5. These findings suggested that the difference between the variants in oncogenic potential might have been due to the greater interferon production induced by infection with the M variant than by infection with the S variant.
Association between air pollution and intrauterine mortality in São Paulo, Brazil.
Authors: L A Pereira, D Loomis, G M Conceição, A L Braga, R M Arcas, H S Kishi, J M Singer, G M Böhm, P H Saldiva
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The associations among daily counts of intrauterine mortality and pollutant concentrations (NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and particulate matter (3/4)10 microm) were investigated for the period ranging from January 1991 to December 1992 in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We used Poisson regression techniques, adjusted for season and weather. The association between intrauterine mortality and air pollution was strong for NO2 (coefficient = 0.0013/ microg/m3; p<0.01) but lesser for SO2 (coefficient = 0.0005/ microg/m3; p<0.10) and CO (coefficient = 0.0223/ppm; p<0.10). A significant association was observed when an index that combined these three pollutants was considered in the models instead of considering each pollutant individually (p<0.01). These associations exhibited a short time lag, not over 5 days. In addition, some evidence of fetal exposure to air pollution was obtained by disclosing a significant association between the levels of carboxyhemoglobin of blood sampled from the umbilical cord and ambient CO levels in children delivered by nonsmoking pregnant women in the period from May to July 1995. Our results suggest that air pollution in São Paulo may promote adverse health effects on fetuses.
Adjustable and detachable ring for Thomas's splint.
Authors: J. O. Ikpeme
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Fluorescein AngiographyMEDICAL JOURNAL 49 macula was involved, but vitreous haemorrhages could be treated if the vessels could be seen.Dr. P. C. WETZIG (Colorado, U.S.A.) emphasized the value of angiography in demonstrating areas of maximal fluorescence where photocoagulation could be applied.In discussion, several speakers urged the need for a controlled trial of photo- coagulation in which one eye only was treated, and Professor D. W. HILL said that a multicentre trial was about to start in Britain.Professor ASHTON wondered whether photo- coagulation acted by altering the retinal circulation or by destroying areas of retina which were producing toxic metabolites.Dr. ALMARIC pointed out that diabetic retinopathy was less severe in a myopic eye and in patients with unilateral carotid occlusion, so that therapy might be beneficial by reducing arterial inflow, a problem that angiography might help to solve.
Bayer withdraws heart surgery drug
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Background</h3> The National Service Framework for Heart Disease sets national standards and defines service models for coronary heart disease (CHD). Little is known about the impact of this intervention on age inequalities. <h3>Aim</h3> To determine the changes in the uptake of coronary prevention measures before and after the first year of implementation of the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease, and to compare these changes in uptake of coronary prevention in patients aged 75 years and over with younger patients. <h3>Design of study</h3> Repeated cross-sectional survey using routinely collected data. <h3>Setting</h3> Seventeen general practices in 17 primary care groups in the Trent Region. <h3>Method</h3> All registered patients at baseline and follow-up aged ≥35 years were categorised into three groups: those with either coronary heart disease or a history of stroke; those with diabetes or hypertension who were not in in the first group; and the remaining population. Data from electronic records was collected to show differences in the proportions of patients with coronary risk factors recorded in the previous year. Data was also collected about differences in the proportions of patients with adequate disease control measures. <h3>Results</h3> Improvements were demonstrated in the recording of coronary risk factors and of disease control measures. However, compared with patients aged &lt;75 years, older patients were significantly less likely to have a serum cholesterol level recorded at baseline; to be on lipid lowering drugs; to be on ß blockers post myocardial infarction and to have well controlled blood pressure. These differences persisted at follow-up. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There have been substantial improvements in both the recording of coronary risk factors and disease control measures following the implementation of the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Diease. However, there needs to be an effort to strengthen the focus on the care of older patients.
Phase I study investigating everolimus combined with sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Richard S. Finn, Ronnie T.P. Poon, Thomas Yau, Heinz-Josef Klümpen, Li-Tzong Chen, Yoon-Koo Kang, Tae-You Kim, Carlos Gomez-Martin, Carlos Rodriguez-Lope, Tiffany Kunz, Thierry Paquet, Ulrike Brandt, Dalila Sellami, Jordi Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A new tool to assess and monitor the burden of chronic cough on quality of life: Chronic Cough Impact Questionnaire
Authors: I. Baiardini, F. Braido, O. Fassio, F. Tarantini, M. Pasquali, F. Tarchino, A. Berlendis, G. W. Canonica
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Introduction: Chronic cough, one of the most frequent causes for a patient to consult a medical practitioner, limits the course of normal activities in everyday life of the patient affected (work, physical activities, social relations, night sleep). By now, there are few validated questionnaires for the evaluation of the impact of this symptom in the patient's quality of life (QoL). For this reason, we created a new questionnaire for the assessment of QoL in patients affected by chronic cough (Chronic Cough Impact Questionnaire, CCIQ). Materials and methods: In the development procedure of CCIQ an initial questionnaire of 40 items was compiled and given to a first pool of 170 patients, each coming to our attention because of chronic cough; then the 25 most significant items were detected and converted into questions evaluating the answers on a Likert scale of five steps. Consequently, this final questionnaire underwent a validation procedure to assess its construct validity, internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness. 95 patients (44.2% F, 55.8% M) were evaluated (age 53.69 ± 11.7 years). Results: Following a statistical analysis, CCIQ showed a four‐dimensional structure and good levels of internal consistency for the extracted factors: sleep/concentration (79.98), relationship (86.98), daily life impact (69.04), and mood (65.41). In stable conditions CCIQ showed a good reliability, ranged between 0.67 and 0.88. Responsiveness to clinical changes was accomplished. Discussion: These results provide evidence that CCIQ has specificity enough for being a valid tool for detecting the relative burden of cough on subjective well‐being, and for obtaining a global evaluation both of chronic cough impact and of treatments for it, taking into account the patient's point of view. The CCIQ was easily and quickly filled in by the patients while waiting, and it was accepted by the patients.
Higher serum bilirubin level as a protective factor for the development of diabetes in healthy Korean men: A 4year retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Chang Hee Jung, Min Jung Lee, Yu Mi Kang, Jenie Yoonoo Hwang, Jung Eun Jang, Jaechan Leem, Joong-Yeol Park, Hong-Kyu Kim, Woo Je Lee
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Points from Letters: Think Again on Salmon
Authors: W. Fine
Journal: BMJ (1974)

poem.I was particularly interested as there is a current neglect of medals as a source of medical history.May I make some observations on the medal itself?The object under the lancet on the reverse is a vaccine point, perhaps of ivory, on which the material, fresh or dry, would be conveyed to the scarified area.Ampoules were not used for biological material until sterilization was understood.Incidentally, the goddess has a bandage round her left arm as though she had been recently vaccinated, surely a work of supererogation. . Schonlein versus Henoch
Gastric Neoplasm in the West of Ireland: An Endoscopic Survey
Authors: J. Walters, F. Stevens, M. Maguire, S. O'Beirn, J. Kennedy, C. McCarthy
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

The results of endoscopic examination, biopsy taken at endoscopy and cytology of brush smears and/or gastric lavage specimens in 100 patients with proven malignant gastric lesions are described. Overall, a correct pre-operative diagnosis was achieved in 98 cases. Endoscopic appearance was a more accurate criterion in cases of exophytic advanced carcinoma, malignant ulcer and lymphoma than in diffuse infiltrative carcinoma or in early carcinoma, where biopsy and cytology were more accurate. Nine per cent of neoplasms were malignant lymphomas, which is much higher than the usual reported incidence. Early carcinoma was found in 5% of cases. In spite of readily available facilities for endoscopic diagnosis, most cases of gastric neoplasm were already advanced at the time of examination.
Medical Quacks and Murder with Words
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

A REPORT was recently published1 of a very unusual murder case2 of special interest to physicians. It involves the first recorded murder conviction of a medical quack, who is alleged to have allowed an eight-year-old child to die of cancer while he fed her his fraudulent concoctions.The case might never have been entered, let alone won before a jury, if it had not come into the hands of a lawyer later made the chief of the first "medicolegal section" ever established in a criminal-prosecuting agency in the United States. This unique section was established in the Los Angeles County . . .
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) feeding aggravates liver injury in bile duct-ligated and MDR2 kockout mice
Authors: P. Fickert, G. Zollner, A. Fuchsbichler, C. Stumptner, F. Lammert, K. Zaltloukal, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Strong T cell tolerance in parent----F1 bone marrow chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation. Evidence for clonal deletion and anergy.
Authors: E K Gao, D Lo, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

T cell tolerance induction was examined in long-term H-2-heterozygous parent----F1 chimeras prepared with supralethal irradiation (1,300 rad). Although these chimeras appeared to be devoid of host-type APC, the donor T cells developing in the chimeras showed marked tolerance to host-type H-2 determinants. Tolerance to the host appeared to be virtually complete in four assay systems: (a) primary mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) of purified lymph node (LN) CD8+ cells (+/- IL-2); (b) primary MLR of CD4+ (CD8-) thymocytes; (c) skin graft rejection; and (d) induction of lethal graft-vs.-host disease by CD4+ cells. Similar tolerance was observed in chimeras given double irradiation. The only assay in which the chimera T cells failed to show near-total tolerance to the host was the primary MLR of post-thymic CD4+ cells. In this assay, LN CD4+ cells regularly gave a significant antihost MLR. The magnitude of this response was two- to fourfold less than the response of normal parental strain CD4+ cells and, in I-E(-)----I-E+ chimeras, was paralleled by approximately 70% deletion of V beta 11+ cells. Since marked tolerance was evident at the level of mature thymocytes, tolerance induction in the chimeras presumably occurred in the thymus itself. The failure to detect host APC in the thymus implies that tolerance reflected contact with thymic epithelial cells (and/or other non-BM-derived cells in the thymus). To account for the residual host reactivity of LN CD4+ cells and the incomplete deletion of V beta 11+ cells, it is suggested that T cell contact with thymic epithelial cells induced clonal deletion of most of the host-reactive T cells but spared a proportion of these cells (possibly low affinity cells). Since these latter cells appeared to be functionally inert in the thymus (in contrast to LN), we suggest that the thymic epithelial cells induced a temporary form of anergy in the remaining host-reactive thymocytes. This anergic state disappeared when the T cells left the thymus and reached LN.
Use of a management plan for treating asthma in an emergency department.
Authors: I Town, T Kwong, P Holst, R Beasley
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A standardised management protocol has been developed for the assessment and treatment of adults with acute asthma attending an emergency department. The management protocol consists of an assessment sheet for recording essential features of the history and examination findings and a flow diagram with guidelines for initial management that were based on spirometric recordings. The protocol was introduced at Wellington Hospital in 1986. The effect of this intervention was assessed by analysing emergency department records during the three months before and one year after the introduction of the protocol. The use of the assessment sheet improved history taking and led to the increased use of serial measures of airflow obstruction and improved documentation of follow up arrangements. The provision of management guidelines influenced the emphasis of management, including an increased use of corticosteroids intravenously and more frequent use of an additional dose of nebulised bronchodilator. In the light of the initial experience the protocol has been modified and its use either in an emergency department or in general practice is recommended.
Ventricular Repolarization Restitution Properties in Patients Exhibiting Type 1 Brugada Electrocardiogram With and Without Inducible Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Meiso Hayashi, Seiji Takatsuki, Pierre Maison-Blanche, Anne Messali, Abdeddayem Haggui, Paul Milliez, Antoine Leenhardt, Fabrice Extramiana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
High-Resolution Proteomics Unravel Architecture and Molecular Diversity of Native AMPA Receptor Complexes
Authors: Jochen Schwenk, Nadine Harmel, Aline Brechet, Gerd Zolles, Henrike Berkefeld, Catrin Swantje Müller, Wolfgang Bildl, David Baehrens, Björn Hüber, Akos Kulik, Nikolaj Klöcker, Uwe Schulte, Bernd Fakler
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Assisted suicide for depression
Authors: T Helme
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - It is important to learn the appropriate lesson from Alan D Ogilvie and S G Potts's editorial concerning Dr Boudewijn Chabot's assistance in the suicide of a depressed patient.1 Euthanasia can be compared to psychosurgery, since it is an inherently destructive medical intervention that is always regrettable and, while occasionally warranted, is potentially open …