tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guanidine in Botulism-Reply
Authors: Marcelo Puggiari
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Guanidine is neither a cure for botulism nor has it helped all patients with botulism. That it has helped some patients with botulism is now documented in the world literature. In deciding whether or not to treat the patient with guanidine, the clinician might consider the following. Of the reported cases from this country and overseas, three times as many patients benefited from guanidine as those who did not. None of the botulism patients treated with guanidine suffered any irreversible side effects from the drug. The treatment time using guanidine is usually less than one month. As with any drug therapy, one must be alert to the possibility of serious side effects. If the drug is administered, one should obtain blood counts and tests of liver and renal function. Respiratory weakness remains the most resistant to reversal by guanidine. We have stressed this repeatedly in
Molecular Evolution of Insertions and Deletion in the Chloroplast Genome of Silene
Authors: P. K. Ingvarsson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Insertions, deletions, and inversions in the chloroplast genome of higher plants have been shown to be extremely useful for resolving phylogenetic relationships both between closely related taxa and among more basal lineages. Introns and intergenic spacers from the chloroplast genome are now increasingly used for phylogenetic and population genetic studies of populations from a single species, and it is therefore interesting to know whether indels can provide useful data and hence increase the power of intraspecific studies. Here, we show that indels in three cpDNA intergenic spacers and one cpDNA intron for two species of Silene evolve at slightly higher rates than base pair substitutions. Repeat indels appear to have the highest rate of evolution and are thus more prone to homoplasy. We show that coded indel data have high information content for phylogenetic analysis, and indels thus provide useful information to infer phylogenetic relationships at the intraspecific level.
What should we hope to achieve when treating rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: D L Scott, T D Spector, T Pullar, B McConkey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

There is no doubt that current antirheumatic drugs are better than placebos in prospective placebo controlled clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).This has been shown for non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs and slow acting antirheumatic drugs.1 Studies of the natural history of treated RA in patients seen in specialist clinics and followed up for 10-20 years24 show, however, that the disease causes excessive mortality and significant morbidity.What is the best treatment plan?In some clinical situations it is easy to evaluate the best approaches to management; for example, patients with a serious head injury either live or die,5 6 and treatment policies which influence outcome can be developed using this.The ability to divide patients with RA into therapeutic successes or failures is an equally important prerequisite for evaluating rheuma- tological treatment.A classification of response to treatment is useful both in assessment within clinical trials and in individual patient management.A consensus meeting was held at St Bar- tholomew's Hospital to consider which measures should be used and how much weight should be attached to them.The meeting involved 15 rheuma- tological workers from nine centres with special interests in the area of disease assessment and took the form of an extended round table discussion to achieve a reconciled assessment of opinion: a true
Childhood diabetes and material deprivation.
Authors: C C Patterson, N R Waugh
Journal: BMJ (1991)

such as "You mean to say, doctor, that you think this test might help my child, but it's against the law even if I want to pay for it out of mv own pocket."'Locally agreed protocols are more likely to be effective, but as Dr Jenkins points out these may be based on anecdotal evidence and personal experience.Apart from difficulties in drawing up protocols, other problems with protocols which will need to be addressed are their implementation (perhaps information technology will fulfill its promise in this respect), the long term assessment of their effectiveness, monitoring adherence, and the continuous medical effort that will be required to update them.Under whose responsibility will these fall?
Improved observational method for studying therapeutic efficacy. Suggestive evidence that lidocaine prophylaxis prevents death in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: R. I. Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Criteria for patient eligibility in a randomized clinical trial can be used to improve the design of observational case-control studies. The new strategy has been illustrated in a case-control investigation of whether lidocaine prophylaxis prevents death in patients with acute myocardial infarction. From among patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction in a special care unit during 1974 to 1978, there were 151 fatalities (cases) and 151 survivors (controls) selected for study. After removal of the ineligible cases and controls, lidocaine prophylaxis was found to have no effect on death from pump failure or nonarrhythmic causes, but was significantly protective against death from ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in patients with congestive heart failure. If confirmed by rigorously designed longitudinal studies, the improved case-control technique could serve as a useful "screening' device to assess the efficacy of medical or surgical treatments that cannot be tested with randomized clinical trials.
Tc-99m MIBI Uptake in Simultaneous Thyroid and Lung Cancers
Authors: HEE-SEUNG BOM, JI-YEUL KIM, YOUNG-CHUL KIM, IN-SEON CHOI, KYUNG-OK PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors present a patient with simultaneous follicular thyroid and small-cell lung cancers, both of which showed Tc-99m MIBI uptake. CT scans showed two masses: one involving the right lower neck including the right supraclavicular area and the right superior mediastinum, and the other involving the peripheral portion of the right upper lobe of the lung. I-131 imaging showed increased uptake in the right neck mass only. Tc-99m MIBI imaging, which was performed for evaluation of chest pain, showed intense uptake in the neck mass (tumor to heart ratios in planar and tomographic images were 0.92 and 0.96, respectively), and less uptake in the lung mass (tumor to heart ratios in planar and tomographic images were 0.53 and 0.40, respectively). Biopsy of the right supraclavicular mass revealed a follicular carcinoma, and a bronchoscopic biopsy of the right upper lobe mass revealed a small cell carcinoma.
Abstract 1225: Generation and characterization of a sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma model from patient-derived tumor xenografts
Authors: Gang Hu, Houshan Fang, Xuzhen Tang, Kedong Ouyang, Xueyan Yang, Fubo Xie, Ke Wang, Yixin Zhang, Zhenzhou Jiang, Luyong Zhang, He Zhou, Weikang Tao
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide and sorafenib is a standard of care therapeutics for unresectable HCC. Although sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can suppress both angiogenesis and cell proliferation, its efficacy is hampered by the emergency of drug resistance during the treatment. Thus, it is useful to understand the mechanism underlying sorafenib resistance in an animal model with resemblance of human HCC. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a sorafenib-resistant HCC xenograft model derived from patient tumors. A patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model (LIX004) was treated with sorafenib. While sorafenib inhibited tumor growth at the initial stage of treatment, a few tumors regrew after prolonged sorafenib treatment. A cancer cell line (LIXC-004SR) was generated from a resistant tumor and the xenograft derived from this cell line maintained sorafenib resistance in vivo. On contrary, another cell line (LIXC-004NA) established from the treatment-naïve LIX004 PDX model remained sensitive to sorafenib. We compared the gene expression profiles between these two cell lines using both cDNA microarray and qPCR and found that a class of genes involved in angiogenesis were significantly upregulated in LIXC-004SR cells vs. LIXC-004NA cells, which include those encoding secreted angiogenesis stimulators such as MMP1, FGF-5 and VEGFA. Consistently, increased angiogenesis was detected in sorafenib-resistant LIXC-004SR tumor compared to sorafenib-sensitive LIXC-004NA tumor. Furthermore, the conditional medium from LIXC-004SR cell culture could stimulate HUVEC proliferation as well as MEK,ERK and Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that sorafenib resistance may arise by bypassing the inhibition of angiogenesis via upgregulation of pro-agiogenesis genes. The generation and molecular characterization of sorafenib-resistant tumor models could shed light on the mechanism of sorafenib resistance which may aid in the development of strategies to overcome drug resistance. Citation Format: Gang Hu, Houshan Fang, Xuzhen Tang, Kedong Ouyang, Xueyan Yang, Fubo Xie, Ke Wang, Yixin Zhang, Zhenzhou Jiang, Luyong Zhang, He Zhou, Weikang Tao. Generation and characterization of a sorafenib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma model from patient-derived tumor xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1225. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1225
NONINVASIVE IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH-RISK CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: J. Maddahi, N. Pantaleo, J. Prause, A. Rozanski, H. J.C. Swan, A. Waxman, D. Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Maddahi, J.; Pantaleo, N.; Prause, J.; Rozanski, A.; Swan, H. J.C.; Waxman, A.; Berman, D. Author Information
18F-FDG PET/CT for the Assessment of Disease Extension and Activity in Patients With Sarcoidosis
Authors: Valentina Ambrosini, Maurizio Zompatori, Luca Fasano, Cristina Nanni, Stefano Nava, Domenico Rubello, Stefano Fanti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Purpose This study aimed to prospectively investigate 18F-FDG PET/CT role for the assessment of sarcoidosis activity and extension in comparison with thoracic high-resolution CT (HRCT) and to evaluate the potential clinical impact of PET/CT findings. Secondary aim was to investigate the changes in cardiac FDG uptake related to the specific preparation before PET/CT. Methods We prospectively enrolled biopsy proven sarcoidosis patients consecutively referred for 18F-FDG PET/CT since January 2010. PET/CT was performed after a fat meal followed by 12-hour fasting and compared with thoracic HRCT results obtained in supine position and clinical follow-up. The impact on the clinical management was recorded. Patterns of cardiac FDG uptake of the study group were compared with a historical population in which PET/CT was performed following standard preparation. Results A total of 28 patients were enrolled, and 35 PET/CT scans were reviewed. On a scan basis, PET/CT was concordant with HRCT in 16 (45.7%), detecting active disease in 10/16 and no signs of activity in 4/16. PET/CT data had a direct impact on management in 4/16. In 19 (54.3%) discordant scans, PET/CT finding was positive in 14 and negative in 5. PET/CT findings influenced the clinical management in 18/19 cases. Considering all scans, PET/CT information influenced the clinical management of 22 (63%) of 35. Our data suggest that cardiac FDG uptake may vary regardless of the preparation before PET/CT. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT was useful to assess sarcoidosis activity and extension and provided valuable information for the clinical management in a single-step examination. Additional data are needed to better ascertain the optimal patient preparation before image acquisition to improve sensitivity of heart lesions.
Alveolar macrophage TNF-alpha release and BAL cell phenotypes in sarcoidosis.
Authors: L Zheng, H Teschler, J Guzman, K Hübner, I Striz, U Costabel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by alveolar macrophages (AM) and the phenotypic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells in sarcoidosis. We studied the spontaneous release of TNF-alpha by AM in vitro and the phenotypic characteristics of freshly recovered BAL T-cells and AM in 31 individuals (13 with active sarcoidosis, nine with inactive sarcoidosis, and nine normal controls). TNF-alpha was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in supernatants from unstimulated AM after 24 h culture. Phenotypic markers of BAL cells were determined by an immunocytochemical assay. AM of patients with active sarcoidosis released more TNF-alpha (1,355 +/- 133 pg/ml/ 10(6) AM/24 h) than those of the inactive group (651 +/- 142 pg/ml/10(6) AM/24 h) or the normal controls (425 +/- 121 pg/ml/10(6) AM/24 h), with p < 0.001 for both comparisons. The amount of TNF-alpha released correlated positively with the percentage expression of CD4 (r = 0.72) and CD25 (r = 0.70) by lymphocytes, and of CD14 (r = 0.63), VLA-4 (r = 0.59), FRD1 (r = 0.67) and 27E10 (r = 0.67) by AM, with p < 0.001 for all correlations. In conclusion, this relationship suggests that these antigens may be considered as cellular activation markers, and that some of these AM antigens may indirectly characterize the AM phenotype that is capable of producing TNF-alpha.
253 Markedly downregulated claudin 4 expression in human hepatocellular carcinomas compared to metastases and normal liver while claudin 2 is significantly downregulated in HCCS only
Authors: A. Kiss, P. Kaposi-Novak, C.S. Paska, E. Szabo, A. Szijjarto, P. Kupcsulik, Z.S. Schaff
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Comparison of analgesic effects and patient tolerability of nabilone and dihydrocodeine for chronic neuropathic pain: randomised, crossover, double blind study
Authors: B Frank, M G Serpell, J Hughes, J N S Matthews, D Kapur
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective </b>To compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone with those of the weak opioid dihydrocodeine for chronic neuropathic pain. <b>Design</b> Randomised, double blind, crossover trial of 14 weeks' duration comparing dihydrocodeine and nabilone. <b>Setting</b> Outpatient units of three hospitals in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 96 patients with chronic neuropathic pain, aged 23-84 years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was difference between nabilone and dihydrocodeine in pain, as measured by the mean visual analogue score computed over the last 2 weeks of each treatment period. Secondary outcomes were changes in mood, quality of life, sleep, and psychometric function. Side effects were measured by a questionnaire. <b>Intervention</b> Patients received a maximum daily dose of 240 mg dihydrocodeine or 2 mg nabilone at the end of each escalating treatment period of 6 weeks. Treatment periods were separated by a 2 week washout period. <b>Results </b>Mean baseline visual analogue score was 69.6 mm (range 29.4-95.2) on a 0-100 mm scale. 73 patients were included in the available case analysis and 64 patients in the per protocol analysis. The mean score was 6.0 mm longer for nabilone than for dihydrocodeine (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 10.5) in the available case analysis and 5.6 mm (10.3 to 0.8) in the per protocol analysis. Side effects were more frequent with nabilone. <b>Conclusion</b> Dihydrocodeine provided better pain relief than the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone and had slightly fewer side effects, although no major adverse events occurred for either drug. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15330757.
ACTH and Cortisone in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: John M. Elliott, Joseph E. Giansiracusa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE extensive employment of ACTH and cortisone in the treatment of idiopathic ulcerative colitis has now been fully reported.1 2 3 4 5 6 The general experience has been that these hormones are initially and often strikingly effective in suppressing the secondary symptoms and toxic effects of this disease. Most observers, however, have also noted that cessation of such therapy is followed by a disappointing recurrence of symptoms. Apparently, short-term therapy does not reverse the underlying pathologic process.The short-term use (three months or less) of ACTH in the medical management of 33 patients with ulcerative colitis has previously been reported by Elliott, Kiefer and . . .
Effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blockade on platelet-leukocyte interaction and surface expression of the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Franz-Josef Neumann, Dietlind Zohlnhöfer, Leila Fakhoury, Ilka Ott, Meinrad Gawaz, Albert Schömig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Occupational Medicine Management: A Guide to the Organization and Operation of In-Plant Occupational Health Services
Authors: Raja K. Khuri
Journal: JAMA (1990)

If I were to be shipwrecked on a deserted island plentiful with food and water, knowing that I would be rescued in one month and embarking on a career in occupational medicine, I would wish to have<i>Occupational Medicine Management</i>with me to study. I was figuratively on such an island 20 years ago when I became director of a hospital health service and 10 years ago when I started directing a medical department for a railroad. This book has a chapter on each of these enterprises. It gives a general description of the issues and problems of occupational medicine in varied settings as well as a managerial outline for solving them. The author is acutely aware that occupational medicine is not simply a field for a physician who wants regular hours, guaranteed pay, and no night call. It is a branch of medicine that requires training in a variety
Imposed change in general practice.
Authors: M. G. Scott, M. Marinker
Journal: BMJ (1992)

overspill of work into home life; and role conflict.5Indeed, the dynamics of a practice will alter as more women enter the profession as women are more likely to work part time than men.4Thus it is important that the impact of change is carefully monitored to avoid adverse impact on this profession.Ideally, a survey using both subjective and objective data is needed to determine the ongoing nature of these findings.
LYMPHATICOSTOMY IN PERITONITIS
Authors: A. Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1924)

YPAIOTM IN PERITONITIS.[MEDICAL JoUTIEAZ.in tlhis way.Its advantages, according to West, are as follows:1.The physiological function of the path for tears is again restored, so that not only a suppuration of the sac, a lacrymal fistula, or a phlegmon is healed, but also the tears flow normally through the nose.A later epiphora is accordingly avoided.2. A so-called cure by probing is rendered unnecessary.3. The lacrynial gland is spared.4. A skin incision or curetting from without with eventual scar formation is avoided.
[193] PATHOGENESIS OF CIRRHOTIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: IMPAIRED BETA ADRENERGIC GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN A RAT MODEL OF CCL-INDUCED CIRRHOSIS
Authors: I. Frasson, P. Angeli, G. Ceolotto, A. Sticca, I. Papparella, M. Cavalli, G. Carnielli, S. Bova, L. Lenzini, A. Semplicini, A. Gatta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
GPs should take annual health checks for people with learning difficulties seriously
Authors: J. Walmsley, G. Price, M. Hoghton
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Data published in July 2011 show that the number of annual health checks for people with learning disabilities increased only marginally, from 41% of those eligible in 2009-10 to 49% in 2010-1.1

Health checks covering physical and mental health should lead to earlier detection of health issues.2 GPs are incentivised to offer them through a …
700 genes mapped at world workshop
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

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Ribavirin Therapy for Adenovirus Pneumonia in an AIDS Patient
Authors: CAROLINE MASLO, PIERRE-MARIE GIRARD, THIERRY URBAN, SABINE GUESSANT, WILLY ROZENBAUM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We report the effectiveness of ribavirin in an AIDS patient with multinodular pneumonia due to adenovirus. A 38-year-old AIDS patient who experienced multiple opportunistic infections and whose CD4 lymphocyte count was 5/mm3 developed bilateral nodular lung opacities. Lung surgical biopsy yielded necrotizing pneumonitis with characteristic nuclear inclusions and positive immunocytology with adenovirus antibodies. Marked clinical and radiological improvement was obtained after intravenous then oral ribavirin. Ribavirin was discontinued after 40 d because of anemia. Relapse of pneumonia with respiratory distress led to death 8 mo later. This observation illustrates a rarely reported pulmonary opportunistic infection in AIDS and the potential value of ribavirin therapy for adenovirus pneumonia.
Progressive subcutaneous emphysema and respiratory arrest
Authors: Y. Abu-Omar, P. A Catarino
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Subcutaneous emphysema is often seen after thoracic surgical procedures. In most cases it is due to a leak from the lung parenchyma and is self-limiting, requiring no specific treatment. Massive subcutaneous emphysema, however, should be treated both to reduce discomfort and to prevent respiratory embarrassment.
Atypical Spitzoid melanocytic tumors: A morphological, mutational, and FISH analysis
Authors: Daniela Massi, Anna Maria Cesinaro, Carlo Tomasini, Milena Paglierani, Stefania Bettelli, Luigino Dal Maso, Lisa Simi, Francesca Salvianti, Pamela Pinzani, Claudio Orlando, Vincenzo De Giorgi, Silvana Lukic, Antonio Maiorana, Marco Santucci, Vincenzo Canzonieri
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)