tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Value of Oblique Angle Reorientation in SPECT Bone Scintigraphy of the Hips
Authors: ARTHUR Z. KRASNOW, B DAVID COLLIER, DAVID C. PECK, ROBERT S. HELLMAN, CHARLES J. DELLIS, K METIN KIR, ALI T. ISITMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

SPECT bone scintigraphy has been shown useful for detecting avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral heads. Because the femoral necks project in a 15–20° posterior angulation from the coronal plane, the femoral head is partially superimposed upon the acetabulum in standard coronal SPECT images. To avoid this problem, the authors now perform oblique angle reorientation of all hip SPECT studies. This new technique, which allows display of the hip in a more anatomic fashion and better definition of hip abnormalities, is described. No new data acquisition is needed, and only a small amount of extra time is required for reconstruction.
From Myocarditis to Cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of Inflammation and Cell Death
Authors: Chuichi Kawai
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Abstract —A progression from viral myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy has long been hypothesized, but the actual extent of this progression has been uncertain. However, a causal link between viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy has become more evident than before with the tremendous developments in the molecular analyses of autopsy and endomyocardial biopsy specimens, new techniques of viral gene amplification, and modern immunology. The persistence of viral RNA in the myocardium beyond 90 days after inoculation, confirmed by the method of polymerase chain reaction, has given us new insights into the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Moreover, new knowledge of T-cell–mediated immune responses in murine viral myocarditis has contributed a great deal to the understanding of the mechanisms of ongoing disease processes. Apoptotic cell death may provide the third concept to explain the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, in addition to persistent viral RNA in the heart tissue and an immune system–mediated mechanism. Beneficial effects of α 1 -adrenergic blocking agents, carteolol, verapamil, and ACE inhibitors have been shown clinically and experimentally in the treatment of viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Antiviral agents should be more extensively investigated for clinical use. The rather discouraging results obtained to date with immunosuppressive agents in the treatment of viral myocarditis indicated the importance of sparing neutralizing antibody production, which may be controlled by B cells, and raised the possibility of promising developments in immunomodulating therapy.
ME-05 * COUNTERATTACKING THE FORCE BEHIND GLIOMA INVASION
Authors: N. Cortes-Santiago, M. B. Hossain, K. Gabrusiewicz, X. Fan, H. Jiang, R. Shifat, M. M. Alonso, J. Fueyo, C. Gomez-Manzano
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Brain tumor dispersal is the major cause behind the extreme difficulty of treatment and the inevitable recurrence of malignant gliomas. Determining the mechanism underlying the invasion of brain tumor cells will suggest rational therapeutic strategies. Importantly, acquisition of a highly aggressive invasive phenotype is being observed in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas treated with antiangiogenesis therapy and is considered to be responsible for the therapy failure. Although the cause for this tumor behavior remains elusive, it has been hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment may be one major influence in the invasive development. In this regard, we have recently described the recruitment of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) into the tumor/normal brain interface upon anti-VEGF therapies in preclinical models and in human surgical specimens, and reported that this specific myeloid population is responsible for the heightened invasive properties of brain tumor stem cells. Here we investigated changes in the cytokine milieu of these tumors and identified increased expression of Angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), a Tie2 ligand, after therapies targeting either VEGF (bevacizumab, aflibercept) or VEGFR (DC101), but no after standard chemotherapy. In vitro and in vivo models were combined to decipher the role of Ang2, and we observed that expression of Ang2 functioned as a potent chemoattractant of TEMs. Moreover, we observed that Ang2 stimulates the tissue remodeling properties of TEMs, further enhancing the pro-invasive properties of this tumor recruited population. Of interest, modulation of molecules blocking the Ang/Tie2 axes in a preclinical model jeopardizes the tumor recruitment of TEMs and drastically resulted in a complete abolition of the heightened invasion induced by antiangiogenesis therapy. These results might have important implications in the clinical scenario since decrease of the invasive tumor pattern could potentially render recurrent tumors amenable to surgical removal ultimately prolonging the survival of patients with malignant gliomas.
Vaccine Safety, Media Reporting, and Miss America-Reply
Authors: Heather Whitestone-McCallum
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —On September 17, 1994,I was selected as the first Miss America with a disability in the 75-year history of the pageant. Coinciding with the great honor of winning the Miss America title was a firestorm of controversy surrounding my deafness. The war concerning my deafness was waged on 2 fronts. On the one hand, there was a debate about the origin of my deafness and whether it was caused by a routine DTP immunization or by a subsequent bout with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis. On the other hand, my family's decision to choose the oral method of communication and my subsequent choice to use my voice as opposed to sign language placed me in the center of an argument among deaf organizations, schools, and individuals about what type of training deaf children should receive.  As pointed out in the article by Dr Freed and colleagues, 1 the debate concerning vaccinations
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria and Marrow Failure Treated by Infusion of Marrow from an Identical Twin
Authors: A. FEFER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

An 18-year-old white Canadian male patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and refractory marrow failure received a marrow infusion from his normal identical twin brother without prior ablation of the patient's marrow by drugs or irradiation. After 2 years of follow-up, the patient is well with no evidence of clinical disease or significant hematological abnormality. The results suggest that normal marrow stem cells can have a selective advantage over the abnormal paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone.
Cannabinoids mediate analgesia largely via peripheral type 1 cannabinoid receptors in nociceptors
Authors: Nitin Agarwal, Pal Pacher, Irmgard Tegeder, Fumimasa Amaya, Cristina E Constantin, Gary J Brenner, Tiziana Rubino, Christoph W Michalski, Giovanni Marsicano, Krisztina Monory, Ken Mackie, Claudiu Marian, Sandor Batkai, Daniela Parolaro, Michael J Fischer, Peter Reeh, George Kunos, Michaela Kress, Beat Lutz, Clifford J Woolf, Rohini Kuner
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)
AORTIC DISTENSIBILITY IS A PREDICTOR FOR AORTIC EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH MARFAN SYNDROME: A 12 YEAR-SURVIVAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Piet De Witte, Teodora Radonic, Kim Laan, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Barbara JM Mulder, Maarten Groenink
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Three Cases of Gastric Carcinoma Presenting Unusual Features
Authors: C. E. S. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1923)

41IEDICAL JOURNArIn the museum of St. Thomas's Hospital there is a specimen (1676A) of a clean transverse rupture of the inner coats of the upper part of the descending thoracic aorta leading to diffuse and extensive haemorrhage into the surroundinig connective tissue.There is no macroscopic disease of the vessel, but microscopic examination revealed the presence of marked fatty degeneration of the intima.The patient, a lad aged 18, experienced acute pain in the abdomen for three davs, but complained of nothing until the day of his death.When seen, four hours before death, there was nothing in the symptoms to suggest that he was seriously ill.Death was sudden and unexpected.No hiistori of strain or inijury was elicited; at the post-mortem examination the mediastinum was found full of extravasated blood and the left pleura contained three pints of it.That the rupture occurred in two stages is clear from the fact that, microscopically, the termination of the rent in the inner tunics is seen to be uinder-going repair.
593 Incidence and risk factors of HCV and HIV infections in a cohort of intravenous drug users in the north and east of France
Authors: D LUCIDARME, A BRUANDET, D ILEF, J HARBONNIER, C JACOB, A DECOSTE, C DELAMARE, C CYRAN, A VANHIENACKER, C BLEU
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Glucose and GLP-1 stimulate not only insulin secretion, but also the post-transcriptional induction of insulin granule biogenesis. This process involves the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of the RNA binding protein PTBP1. Binding of PTBP1 to the 3′-UTRs of mRNAs for insulin and other cargoes of beta cell granules increases their stability. Here we show that glucose enhances also the binding of PTBP1 to the 5′-UTRs of these transcripts, which display IRES activity, and their translation exclusively in a cap-independent fashion. Accordingly, glucose-induced biosynthesis of granule cargoes was unaffected by pharmacological, genetic or Coxsackievirus-mediated inhibition of cap-dependent translation. Infection with Coxsackieviruses, which also depend on PTBP1 for their own cap-independent translation, reduced instead granule stores and insulin release. These findings provide insight into the mechanism for glucose-induction of insulin granule production and on how Coxsackieviruses, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, can foster beta cell failure.
Chlamydia trachomatis in the Pharynx and Rectum of Heterosexual Patients at Risk for Genital Infection
Authors: Robert B. Jones, Ruth A. Rabinovitch, Barry P. Katz, Byron E. Batteiger, Timothy S. Quinn, Pertti Terho, Mary A. Lapworth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Although urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are well recognized, less is known about infection at other body sites in adults. Pharyngeal specimens obtained from 706 heterosexual men and 686 women, and rectal specimens obtained from 1223 women who were at risk for chlamydia infection were cultured for C. trachomatis. Urogenital specimens were obtained from all patients. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the pharynx in 3.7% of men and 3.2% of women. Recovery of chlamydiae was not associated with the presence of pharyngeal symptoms, but in women, but not men, it was associated with a history of oral-genital sex. The organism was also recovered from the rectum of 5.2% of the women. Rectal isolation did not correlate with a history of rectal symptoms or rectal sex but did correlate with concurrent genital infection. Infection at these sites may be important in the transmission or persistence of C. trachomatis infections.
Dual effect of prostaglandin E2 on normal airways smooth muscle in vivo
Authors: E. Walters, B. Davies
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Inhalation of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> by normal subjects caused initial bronchoconstriction followed by the predominant effect of bronchodilatation, which was maximal by 15 minutes. The degree of bronchoconstriction seen in the early phase appeared to be related to the initial tone of airways smooth muscle and was exaggerated after bronchodilatation with a large dose of ipratropium bromide. Bronchoconstriction induced by prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> is a direct effect on muscle and not secondary to a vagal reflex initiated by airways irritant receptors.
Adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in situ at rest and during exercise.
Authors: P Arner, E Kriegholm, P Engfeldt, J Bolinder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The adrenergic regulation of lipolysis was investigated in situ at rest and during standardized bicycle exercise in nonobese healthy subjects, using microdialysis of the extracellular space in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The glycerol concentration was about two times greater in adipose tissue than in venous blood. At rest, the glycerol concentration in adipose tissue was rapidly increased by 100% (P less than 0.01) after the addition of phentolamine to the ingoing perfusate, whereas addition of propranolol did not alter the adipose tissue glycerol level. Glycerol in adipose tissue and plasma increased during exercise and decreased in the postexercise period. Propranolol in the perfusate almost completely inhibited the increase in the tissue dialysate glycerol during the exercise-postexercise period. Phentolamine, however, was completely ineffective in this respect. During exercise, the lipolytic activity was significantly more marked in abdominal than in gluteal adipose tissue; this was much more apparent in women than in men. Thus, in vivo lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by different adrenergic mechanisms at rest and during exercise. Alpha-adrenergic inhibitory effects modulate lipolysis at rest, whereas beta-adrenergic stimulatory effects modulate lipolysis during exercise. In addition, regional differences in lipolysis are present in vivo during exercise, which seem governed by factors relating to sex.
Catheter Drainage of Abdominal Abscesses
Authors: Claude E. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

For many years, localized accumulations of fluid in different areas of the body have been treated by aspiration or more radical methods of drainage. Abdominal abscesses represent the most serious of these collections. Difficult both to diagnose and treat, they still lead to an appreciable mortality rate.Fortunately, several factors have combined to render them less dangerous. Through modern radiologic techniques diagnosis can be made much earlier than in the past and confirmed by aspiration; in many instances adequate treatment can be instituted by means of percutaneous catheters inserted by radiologists. Antibiotics are considered to be essential for success.The . . .
Brief Intervention for Medical Inpatients with Unhealthy Alcohol Use
Authors: Lisa J. Merlo, Dheeraj Kumar, Mark S. Gold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters16 October 2007Brief Intervention for Medical Inpatients with Unhealthy Alcohol UseLisa J. Merlo, PhD, Dheeraj Kumar, MD, and Mark S. Gold, MDLisa J. Merlo, PhDFrom the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.Search for more papers by this author, Dheeraj Kumar, MDFrom the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.Search for more papers by this author, and Mark S. Gold, MDFrom the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Saitz and colleagues described null findings in their recent article on a brief intervention for medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use (1). They concluded that the brief intervention “is inadequate” for these patients. We would like to suggest an alternative interpretation of their results.The authors reported that fewer than 35% of eligible patients agreed to participate in their study. Thus, the sample may have been biased in that it probably comprised individuals who were amenable to discussing their alcohol consumption. Given that addiction is marked by denial and that problem recognition is typically viewed as a ...Reference1. Saitz R, Palfai TP, Cheng DM, Horton NJ, Freedner N, Dukes K, et al. Brief intervention for medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:167-76. [PMID: 17283347] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBrief Intervention for Medical Inpatients with Unhealthy Alcohol Use Richard Saitz , Tibor P. Palfai , Debbie M. Cheng , Nicholas J. Horton , Naomi Freedner , Kim Dukes , Kevin L. Kraemer , Mark S. Roberts , Rosanne T. Guerriero , and Jeffrey H. Samet Brief Intervention for Medical Inpatients with Unhealthy Alcohol Use Richard Saitz , Tibor P. Palfai , and Jeffrey H. Samet Brief Intervention for Medical Inpatients with Unhealthy Alcohol Use Gallus Bischof and Jennis Freyer-Adam Metrics Cited byMiddle-age Initiation of Alcohol Consumption Unlikely to Cause Addiction 16 October 2007Volume 147, Issue 8Page: 589-590KeywordsAlcohol consumptionAlcoholismAlcoholsConflicts of interestHospitalizationsInpatients ePublished: 16 October 2007 Issue Published: 16 October 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aminoglutethimide as Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Richard J. Santen, Thomas J. Worgul, Allan Lipton, Harold Harvey, Alice Boucher, Eugeniusz Samojlik, Samuel A. Wells
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Hormone-dependent breast carcinomas respond to deprivation of biologically active estrogens with objectively quantifiable tumor regression. Aminoglutethimide, a known inhibitor of steroid synthesis, is also a potent blocker of the aromatase enzyme and, thus, of estrogen production. We developed an effective regimen to inhibit estrogen production in postmenopausal women using aminoglutethimide and replacement glucocorticoid. One hundred forty-seven women initially received aminoglutethimide and replacement glucocorticoid as treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. One hundred twenty-nine women are currently evaluable for assessment of clinical and hormonal responses. Thirty-seven percent of unselected women and 49% of estrogen receptor-positive patients experienced objective tumor regression. Responses occurred predominantly in soft tissue (47%) and bone (35%) and lasted 30 ± 9.1 months for complete and 14 ± 1.5 months for partial regressions. Plasma and urinary estrogen levels fell equally in responder versus nonresponder groups whereas androgen levels declined less in patients with progressive disease.
Book: You've Been Had!: How the Media and Environmentalists Turned America into a Nation of Hypochondriacs
Authors: M. Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Melvin A Benarde Rutgers University Press, $28/£23.50, pp 304 ISBN 0 8135 3050 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> As his title suggests, epidemiologist Melvin Benarde is not one to mince words. For him, television, radio, and newspapers are “the scoundrels at whose doorsteps must be placed our current pandemic of mediagenic diseases.” He cites recent scares over “an extraordinary range of potential causes of cancer,” including “asbestos, dioxin, hot dogs, breast implants, pesticides, coffee, liquor, hair dryers, mouthwash, dietary fat, magnetic fields and cellular phones.” He blames the media for creating “an epidemic of anxiety, year after persistent … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Voluntary organisations already help set policy in Scotland
Authors: I. Pullen
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Asymptomatic haematuria All patients with haematuria should undergo cystoscopyEditor-Having just performed cystoscopy on a man of 36 who presented with bladder cancer five years ago, I am not reassured by Del Mar's so called evidence based survey of the likely diagnoses associated with occult haematuria. 1 The quoted studies are likely to have missed cases of bladder cancer because not all patients underwent cystoscopy.Only 24 of 255 subjects in Ritchie et al's study underwent both upper tract imaging and cystoscopy. 2 Among these, two cases of bladder cancer and one of bladder dysplasia (a premalignant condition) were found.The other 231 patients had not been adequately screened to exclude the presence of bladder cancer.There was no mention of long term follow up to confirm the absence of urological cancer in those who did not undergo initial cystoscopy.Similarly, not all of Hiatt and Ordonez's patients underwent a full urological evaluation, 3 which prompts doubts about the accuracy of the performance statistics quoted in this paper.Sultana et al performed cystoscopy and upper tract imaging in all patients referred over one year with microscopic haematuria. 4 In those aged over 50, five bladder cancers and one renal cancer were diagnosed in 126 patients.More recently Khadra et al performed full urological evaluation of 982 patients with occult haematuria. 5 Altogether 5% had bladder cancer, 4% stone disease, and 0.3% renal cancer.Current urological training emphasises the importance of obtaining a midstream specimen of urine, upper tract imaging, and particularly cystoscopy in all patients who have haematuria, whether microscopic or macroscopic and whether persistent or not.Flexible cystoscopy can now be performed in minutes under local anaesthesia.I believe that there has to be a very good reason for not performing cystoscopy in patients with occult haematuria as this is likely to lead to missed diagnoses of bladder and renal cancer.
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (EST) in Patients with Billroth II Gastrectomy
Authors: A.R. Rosseland, M. Osnes, A. Kruse
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Methods for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in patients with Billroth-II partial gastrectomy are described. The techniques have been successfully used in 13 out of 18 patients with common bile duct calculi (n = 12) and papillary carcinoma (n = 1). In all patients the calculi were EST. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics. It is concluded that EST may be performed in most cases with a previous Billroth II operation using differentiated endoscopic techniques.
Effects of fluticasone propionate, triamcinolone acetonide, prednisone, and placebo on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Authors: James T.C. Li, Marc F. Goldstein, Gary N. Gross, Michael J. Noonan, Stephen Weisberg, Lisa Edwards, Kenneth D. Reed, Paula R. Rogenes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)
Standards of healthcare and respecting children's rights
Authors: R. Worthington
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Standards of healthcare develop over time in relation to a range of factors including social and political, and ethical and legal. As standards evolve they are influenced by factors that combine in particular ways at particular points in time, and the focus of this paper is on two of these primary factors, ethical and legal, particularly as they apply to the sector of the population that is under the age of 18.
Hyperinsulinemia accompanying hyperglycemia in Chinese patients with aplastic anemia
Authors: Xu Kailin, Hao Yushu, Wu Qingchao, Liu Yuanbo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Serum insulin, and plasma glucagon and glucose levels were measured in 56 Chinese patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and 40 normal controls. Serum insulin and plasma glucose levels in 18 newly diagnosed cases and 11 previously treated cases with prednisone were significantly higher than those in the controls. Serum insulin and plasma glucose levels in 27 cases previously treated with stanozolol were significantly higher than those in the newly diagnosed cases and the previously treated cases with prednisone. There was no significant difference in plasma glucagon levels between the patients and the controls. Serum insulin and plasma glucose levels were significantly correlated with the amount of blood transfusions and serum ferritin and cortisone concentrations in the AA patients. Our findings suggest that AA patients may have hyperinsulinemia accompanying hyperglycemia, which can be further aggravated by stanozolol and prednisone therapy and iron overload. Am. J. Hematol. 56:151–154, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.