tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Planar and SPECT Imaging with Technetium- 99m Labeled Antigranulocyte Antibodies in Bone and Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: FRANK GR??NWALD, ANDREAS HOTZE, BERND BRIELE, ALEXANDER FUCHS, EWALD KELLER, GERHARD OTT, KARL REICHMANN, HANS J. BIERSACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Scintigraphy with technetium-99m labeled antigranulocyte antibodies including planar and SPECT imaging demonstrated areas of inflammation in bone and soft tissue of the thigh of a 38-year-old man who had a fracture of the femur 20 years earlier. The clinical potential of this imaging modality in the diagnostic assessment of inflammatory diseases is discussed.
Indium-111 labelled platelets in diagnosis of leg-vein thrombosis: preliminary findings.
Authors: A Fenech, P P Dendy, J K Hussey, B Bennett, A S Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Platelets from eight patients thought clinically to have deep venous thrombosis were labbelled with indium-111 and reinjected. Subsequent scanning of the patients with a wholebody scanner and imaging with a gammacamera showed focal accumulation of the label at five sites in four legs, which correlated precisely with the sites of venous thrombi identified by ascending venography. This technique is a useful addition to methods for diagnosis venous thrombosis.
HIV Transmission and Childhood Sexual Abuse-Reply
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Fuller and Bartucci raise legitimate concerns about child sexual abuse by child molesters infected with HIV. In Minnesota, we are aware of at least one situation where a man with AIDS had previously sexually assaulted his own son, thus illustrating the potential for HIV transmission in this setting.<sup>1</sup>Because of concerns about HIV transmission, we concur with a recent national recommendation that protocols for evaluation of a child who has been sexually abused should include consideration of HIV transmission.<sup>2</sup> Drs Fuller and Bartucci suggest that all HIV-infected patients should be carefully queried about child molestation. Readers may infer from this that an association exists between adult HIV infection and child molestation. While pediatric HIV infection may result from child molestation, in our experience— through providing follow-up counseling to more than 500 HIV-infected persons—it is a rare occurrence. However, we do believe that physicians need to
Role of interleukin 1 in inflammatory bowel disease--enhanced production during active disease.
Authors: M Ligumsky, P L Simon, F Karmeli, D Rachmilewitz
Journal: Gut (1990)

Interleukin 1 is a polypeptide cytokine produced by various cell types and has been shown to have a major role in inflammatory and immunological responses. In experimental colitis it proved to be a dominant mediator and a reliable marker of inflammation. The aim of the present study was to determine in vitro the extent of production and release of interleukin 1 from colonic mucosa of patients with active untreated inflammatory bowel disease. Colonic mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained during colonoscopy from 17 patients with ulcerative colitis, eight patients with Crohn9s disease of the colon, and 16 normal control subjects. Interleukin 1 content was determined in fresh and 24 hour organ cultured mucosa as well as in cultured medium. Interleukin 1 content and release were significantly higher in the inflamed mucosa compared with that of control subjects. Prednisolone inhibited interleukin 1 release in a dose dependent fashion. We conclude that colonic mucosal interleukin 1 content and production is significantly raised in active inflammatory bowel disease and may have a role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response. Pharmacological suppression of tissue interleukin 1 production may have a beneficial therapeutic effect.
Reversal of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome with the administration of midodrine and octreotide
Authors: Paolo Angeli, Roberta Volpin, Giorgio Gerunda, Raffaella Craighero, Paola Roner, Roberto Merenda, Piero Amodio, Antonietta Sticca, Lorenza Caregaro, Alvise Maffei-Faccioli, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The aim of the study was to verify the effects of the administration of an inhibitor of the release of endogenous vasodilators together with a vasoconstrictor agent in patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). This new medical perspective was compared with a traditional medical approach for HRS, such as the infusion of nonpressor doses of dopamine to produce renal vasodilation. Thirteen patients with type 1 HRS were enrolled in the study. Five of them were treated with the oral administration of midodrine and the parenteral administration of octreotide. In addition, the patients received 50 to 100 mL of 20% human albumin solution daily for 20 days. Midodrine and octreotide were dosed to obtain a stable increase of at least 15 mm Hg of mean arterial pressure. Eight patients were treated with the intravenous administration of nonpressor doses of dopamine (2–4 μg/kg/min) and the same daily amount of albumin. After 20 days of treatment with midodrine and octreotide, an impressive improvement in renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium excretion was observed in patients. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in plasma renin activity, plasma vasopressin, and plasma glucagon. No side effects were observed. Three patients were discharged from the hospital. One of them successfully underwent liver transplantation. One of the two remaining patients is still alive after 472 days with a preserved renal function, and the other died from terminal liver failure after 76 days. One of the two patients who were not discharged from the hospital successfully underwent liver transplantation, and the other died from pneumonia after 29 days. Seven out of eight patients who were treated with dopamine experienced a progressive deterioration in renal function and died during the first 12 days. Only one patient recovered renal function and underwent liver transplantation. In conclusion, the long–term administration of midodrine and octreotide seems to be an effective and safe treatment of type 1 HRS in patients with cirrhosis
AN IMPROVISED APPARATUS FOR FIXING BLOOD-FILMS AT EXACT TEMPERATURES.
Authors: L. BREMER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The greatest of the many difficulties attending and complicating the study of hematology is the recognition and interpretation of the artefacts. Being a fluid, the blood with its corpusclar elements is more vulnerable than the rest of the tissues. This vulnerability manifests itself in response to mechanical and chemic injuries produced on the plasma, but especially the corpuscular elements in the course of the several modes of hardening or fixing the blood-film preparatory to the staining process. Different methods, however slight the difference may be, will yield different pictures owing to the delicacy of the selective affinities of the constituent elements of the blood-corpuscles. By using chemicals such as alcohol, ether, or formol, as hardening agents, an element of uncertainty is introduced rendering results unreliable and ambiguous because of the possibility of existing impurities or variations in the percentage of water. The ideal hardening method is by heat. The disadvantage
Trephining in a Case of Actinomycosis of the Brain
Authors: O. E. Keller
Journal: BMJ (1890)

DUIRING three years' clinical work at the German Hospital I had the opportunity of diagnosing and observing two cases of actino- mycosis hominis.The first case was of a comparatively simple nature.C. H., aged 45, a German teacher of music, suffered from a periosteal abscess on the left side of the lower jaw. 1 opened the
Can robots make good models of biological behaviour?
Authors: Barbara Webb
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

How should biological behaviour be modelled? A relatively new approach is to investigate problems in neuroethology by building physical robot models of biological sensorimotor systems. The explication and justification of this approach are here placed within a framework for describing and comparing models in the behavioural and biological sciences. First, simulation models--the representation of a hypothesis about a target system--are distinguished from several other relationships also termed "modelling" in discussions of scientific explanation. Seven dimensions on which simulation models can differ are defined and distinctions between them discussed: 1.whether the model tests and generates hypotheses applicable to biology. 2. Level: the elemental units of the model in the hierarchy from atoms to societies. 3. Generality: the range of biological systems the model can represent. 4. Abstraction: the complexity, relative to the target, or amount of detail included in the model. 5. Structural accuracy: how well the model represents the actual mechanisms underlying the behaviour. 6. Performance match: to what extent the model behaviour matches the target behaviour. 7. Medium: the physical basis by which the model is implemented. No specific position in the space of models thus defined is the only correct one, but a good modelling methodology should be explicit about its position and the justification for that position. It is argued that in building robot models biological relevance is more effective than loose biological inspiration; multiple levels can be integrated; that generality cannot be assumed but might emerge from studying specific instances; abstraction is better done by simplification than idealisation; accuracy can be approached through iterations of complete systems; that the model should be able to match and predict target behaviour; and that a physical medium can have significant advantages. These arguments reflect the view that biological behaviour needs to be studied and modelled in context, that is, in terms of the real problems faced by real animals in real environments.
A Restrospective Evaluation of Outcomes in Asthmatic Patients Receiving Omalizumab, Including Patients with IgE Levels &gt; 700 IU/L
Authors: D STUKUS, D LANG
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)

No studies have been reported which evaluate the effectiveness and safety of omalizumab use in asthmatic patients with IgE levels > 700 IU/L. We conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients at a large, tertiary care referral center who received omalizumab since 2003. Of 49 asthmatic patients who initiated therapy with omalizumab at our main campus, 10 had total serum IgE levels > 700 IU/L (Group1; mean = 12,239.1) and 39 had IgE levels between 30-700 (Group2; mean = 212.6). Within Group1, there were 2 males and 8 females, compared with 11 males and 28 females in Group2. Mean age was similar between the two groups (46.2 vs. 44.8 years). Percent predicted FEV1 was higher in Group1 (76.2%) compared with Group2 (61.7%). There was no baseline difference in mean daily dose of inhaled corticosteroids between the two groups. After starting omalizumab, subjective improvement (60% vs 70.3%) and reduced frequency of rescue inhaler use (70% vs 69.7%) were similar between Group1 and Group2, respectively. Group1 had a greater reduction in oral corticosteroid bursts for asthma exacerbations over time compared with Group2 (78% vs 58.1%). Fifty percent of patients in both groups discontinued omalizumab (mean = 44.7 ± 39.5 weeks), with cost/insurance and perceived lack of efficacy identified as the most common reasons. No systemic reactions occurred in either group. Our findings suggest that outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe refractory asthma and total serum IgE levels > 700 IU/L who receive omalizumab are comparable to those patients with IgE levels between 30-700 IU/L. A substantial proportion of patients who initiate omalizumab suspend treatment.
Oral and inhalation provocation tests for the diagnosis of aspirin-induced asthma
Authors: G. Melillo, G. Balzano, S. Bianco, B. Dahlén, Ph. Godard, M. L. Kowalsky, C. Picado, D. D. Stevenson, S. Suetsugu, C. Cheira, G. Cocco, E. Melillo, G. Patriarca, A. Vaghi, P. Zanon
Journal: Allergy (2001)
Factors involved in the cytotoxicity of UICC amosite towards macrophages.
Authors: R Davies, D M Griffiths, A W Preece
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The cytotoxicity of various ball-milled UICC amosite samples toward mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro was examined. On increased ball milling, the cytotoxicity of the amosite samples fell. This decreased biological activity seemed to correlate best with number of fibers longer than 4 micron/micrograms dust, rather than total number of fibers or the electrophoretic mobility of the amosite samples.
Retinal Microvascular Responses to Short-Term Changes in Particulate Air Pollution in Healthy Adults
Authors: Tijs Louwies, Luc Int Panis, Michal Kicinski, Patrick De Boever, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Microcirculation plays an important role in the physiology of cardiovascular health. Air pollution is an independent risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, but the number of studies on the relation between air pollution and the microcirculation is limited.Objectives: We examined the relationship between short-term changes in air pollution and microvascular changes.Methods: We measured retinal microvasculature using fundus image analysis in a panel of 84 healthy adults (52% female), 22–63 years of age, during January–May 2012. Blood vessels were measured as central retinal arteriolar/venular equivalent (CRAE/CRVE), with a median of 2 measurements (range, 1–3). We used monitoring data on particulate air pollution (PM10) and black carbon (BC). Mixed-effect models were used to estimate associations between CRAE/CRVE and exposure to PM10 and BC using various exposure windows.Results: CRAE and CRVE were associated with PM10 and BC concentrations, averaged over the 24 hr before the retinal examinations. Each 10-µg/m3 increase in PM10 was associated with a 0.93-µm decrease (95% CI: –1.42, –0.45; p = 0.0003) in CRAE and a 0.86-µm decrease (95% CI: –1.42, –0.30; p = 0.004) in CRVE after adjusting for individual characteristics and time varying conditions such as ambient temperature. Each 1-µg/m3 increase in BC was associated with a 1.84-µm decrease (95% CI: –3.18, –0.51; p < 0.001) in CRAE.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the retinal microvasculature responds to short-term changes in air pollution levels. These results support a mechanistic pathway through which air pollution can act as a trigger of cardiovascular events at least in part through effects on the microvasculature.Citation: Louwies T, Int Panis L, Kicinski M, De Boever P, Nawrot TS. 2013. Retinal microvascular responses to short-term changes in particulate air pollution in healthy adults. Environ Health Perspect 121:1011–1016; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205721
There must be a better way
Authors: R. Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Three years ago I was sitting in the garden of a friend and colleague discussing the NHS reforms. He was dying with considerable dignity and courage. Earlier that year, as the full extent of his disease had become apparent, he had relinquished his clinical directorship to me.

Throughout his professional life he had embraced innovation. When the Conservative government announced its reform of the NHS he was delighted. Years of stultifying management and planning would be swept away by a dynamic and flexible internal market. In this brave new world money was to follow patients. Clinical excellence would be rewarded.

He took his place on the trust management team with enthusiasm and to the consternation of some of his friends and relations he sat shoulder to shoulder with ministers of health offering his own support and the posthumous blessing of his uncle, the architect of the NHS, to their plans.

I was more sceptical. Successive governments have had three priorities in their dealings with the NHS: to contain costs, to deflect political pressures, and to claim any improvement in the service as evidence of their good stewardship. This reform would be no exception. There was no acknowledgment that funding was failing to keep pace with growing demand and public expectations …
Antiviral Treatment for Patients Hospitalized with 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1)
Authors: Tim Uyeki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

With the 2009 H1N1 pandemic well under way, many clinicians are providing care to patients with influenza. Previously, although antiviral treatment was recommended,1,2 clinicians may not always have prescribed it to patients hospitalized with seasonal influenza, perhaps because of a perception that antiviral treatment had limited benefit. Controlled trials conducted among outpatients with uncomplicated seasonal influenza reported a reduction of approximately 1 day in the duration of illness and reduced severity when antiviral treatment was initiated within 48 hours of illness onset, as compared with placebo. However, evidence from observational studies supports the benefit of neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir or . . .
Pulmonary Metastases of Papillary Cancer of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Paul Starr
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE APPARENT dependence, in some cases of cancer of the thyroid, on a growth force from the pituitary gland, and a system of treatment to combat this, were described in 1953. Clinical examples of regression of pulmonary metastases under the influence of exogenous thyroid hormone medication were published by Crile in 1955. Ward also reported that children may live for long periods of time with such pulmonary lesions. Report of a Case This is the medical history of a white girl, now 19 years old. At 6 years of age (1948) she was given an unknown amount of x-ray therapy to the adenoids. When she was 10 years of age (1952), enlargement of the left cervical lymph glands was noted and she was given more x-ray treatment. Pulmonary lesions were noted at this time. It was assumed that these and the cervical nodes were scrofulous because of her father's history
MicroRNA-151 and its hosting gene<i>FAK</i>(focal adhesion kinase) regulate tumor cell migration and spreading of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tom Luedde
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Recurrent chromosomal aberrations are often observed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but little is known about the functional non-coding sequences, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), at the chromosomal breakpoints in HCC. Here we show that 22 miRNAs are often amplified or deleted in HCC. MicroRNA-151 (miR-151), a frequently amplified miRNA on 8q24.3, is correlated with intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. We further show that miR-151, which is often expressed together with its host gene FAK, encoding focal adhesion kinase, significantly increases HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo, mainly through miR-151-5p, but not through miR-151-3p. Moreover, miR-151 exerts this function by directly targeting RhoGDIA, a putative metastasis suppressor in HCC, thus leading to the activation of Rac1, Cdc42 and Rho GTPases. In addition, miR-151 can function synergistically with FAK to enhance HCC cell motility and spreading. Thus, our findings indicate that chromosome gain of miR-151 is a crucial stimulus for tumour invasion and metastasis of HCC.
Hemoccult Screening in Detecting Colorectal Neoplasm: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value
Authors: James E. Allison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of Hemoccult II tests for detecting colorectal neoplasm (colorectal carcinoma or polyp or both). Study Design: Prospective analyses of asymptomatic patients ( ≥ 45 years) followed for 4 years after screening with Hemoccult II testing and retrospective analyses of patients with known colorectal carcinoma or polyps or both who had Hemoccult II testing within 2 years of diagnosis. Setting: A large, health maintenance organization practice. Measurements and Main Results: In the prospective analysis, the sensitivity of Hemoccult II was 50% for colorectal carcinoma diagnosed within 1 year of testing, 43% within 2 years, and 25% within 4 years. For polyps, sensitivity was 36% at 1 year, 28% at 2 years, and 17% at 4 years. Specificity was 99%. The predictive value of a positive test for colorectal carcinoma was 8% at 1 year, 10% at 2 years, and 11 % at 4 years. On the basis of the retrospective analyses, the sensitivity of Hemoccult II for colorectal carcinoma diagnosed within 1 year of testing was 66% and was 61% within 2 years. Many of these patients had symptoms when tested. Conclusions: An asymptomatic patient age 45 or older with a positive Hemoccult II test has about a chance of 1 in 10 for having colorectal carcinoma and a 1-in-3 chance of having either a colorectal carcinoma or polyp: The same patient with a negative Hemoccult test has a 0.2% chance of having a colorectal carcinoma diagnosed within 2 years of testing and a 0.7% chance of having a polyp. Within 4 years of testing the chance increases to 0.5% for colorectal carcinoma and 1.5% for polyps. If Hemoccult II slides are the only screening method used for detecting asymptomatic colorectal neoplasms, 50% to 60% of lesions will remain undetected. Clinical interpretation of Hemoccult screening requires appreciation of its limits as well as its benefits.
Compared with unilateral TKA, simultaneous bilateral TKA was linked to in-hospital mortality
Authors: KoKo Aung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Odum SM, Springer BD. In-hospital complication rates and associated factors after simultaneous bilateral versus unilateral total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96:1058-65. 24990970
What is “inflammation”? Are we ready to move beyond Celsus?
Authors: A Scott, K M Khan, J L Cook, V Duronio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

Inflammation, a term coined by the ancients, is widely used in sports medicine. But what is meant when a clinician tells a patient that symptoms are probably due to inflammation? The question of whether inflammation is helpful or harmful to healing can only be answered after inflammation is defined. This brief analysis of inflammation reveals that the term’s definition has changed dramatically since it was first used by Celsus nearly 2000 years ago. The definition also depends on the type of lens the viewer is using—whether it be clinical, cellular, or molecular.
Glucocorticoids Suppress Bone Formation by Attenuating Osteoblast Differentiation via the Monomeric Glucocorticoid Receptor
Authors: Alexander Rauch, Sebastian Seitz, Ulrike Baschant, Arndt F. Schilling, Anett Illing, Brenda Stride, Milen Kirilov, Vice Mandic, Andrea Takacz, Ruth Schmidt-Ullrich, Susanne Ostermay, Thorsten Schinke, Rainer Spanbroek, Mario M. Zaiss, Peter E. Angel, Ulf H. Lerner, Jean-Pierre David, Holger M. Reichardt, Michael Amling, Günther Schütz, Jan P. Tuckermann
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Positive Tc-99m Pyrophosphate Myocardial Scintigraphy in a Patient with Tuberculous Pericarditis
Authors: None YOICHIISHINO, HIROSHI SHIOZAKI, HAJIME NAKATA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

The authors present a case of tuberculous pericarditis with abnormal Tc-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy findings. Tc-99m PYP scintigraphy may be useful in the early detection of pericardial calcification from tuberculosis.