tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low Levels of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predict Development of the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: David E. Laaksonen, Hanna-Maaria Lakka, Jukka T. Salonen, Leo K. Niskanen, Rainer Rauramaa, Timo A. Lakka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Little is known about the association of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness with development of the metabolic syndrome, which predisposes diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. We studied the associations of LTPA and cardiorespiratory fitness with development of the metabolic syndrome (World Health Organization [WHO] and the National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP] definitions). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—LTPA over the previous 12 months, Vo2max (ml · kg−1 · min−1), and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors were assessed in a population-based cohort of 612 middle-aged men without the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS—At the 4-year follow-up, 107 men had metabolic syndrome (WHO definition). Men engaging in &amp;gt;3 h/week of moderate or vigorous LTPA were half as likely as sedentary men to have the metabolic syndrome after adjustment for major confounders (age, BMI, smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status) or potentially mediating factors (insulin, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure), especially in high-risk men. Vigorous LTPA had an even stronger inverse association, particularly in unfit men. Men in the upper third of Vo2max were 75% less likely than unfit men to develop the metabolic syndrome, even after adjustment for major confounders. Adjustment for possible mediating factors attenuated the association. Associations of LTPA and Vo2max with development of the metabolic syndrome, as defined by the NCEP, were qualitatively similar. CONCLUSIONS—In particular, high-risk men engaging in currently recommended levels of physical activity were less likely to develop the metabolic syndrome than sedentary men. Cardiorespiratory fitness was also strongly protective, although possibly not independent of mediating factors.
PERSISTENT BENEFIT FROM PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION IN SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFTS: LONG-TERM RESULTS OF THE STENTING OF SAPHENOUS VEIN GRAFTS (SOS) TRIAL
Authors: Christopher Lichtenwalter, James A. de Lemos, Owen Obel, Abdul-rahman Riyad Abdel-karim, Michele Roesle, Donald Haagen, Bilal Saeed, Joseph K. Bissett, Rajesh Sachdeva, Vassilios V. Voudris, Panagiotis Karyofillis, Biswajit Kar, James Rossen, Panayotis Fasseas, Peter Berger, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil S. Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Re: A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome: Meeting Highlights and Bethesda Guidelines
Authors: P. O. Fidalgo, M. L. Cravo, C. Nobre-Leitao
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

ated with the ADH 3 1-1 genotype in a small study of French alcoholics (21 oropharyngeal cancer case patients, 18 laryngeal cancer case patients, and 37 control subjects).We agree that further work is needed to clarify the role of genetic susceptibility in the etiology of alcohol-related oral cancer.
Tooke inquiry calls for major overhaul of specialist training
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors' postgraduate training needs to be completely reformed after the “sorry episode” of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC), John Tooke recommends in a highly critical report.

Professor Tooke's interim report, published on Monday, calls for the national computerised application system to be scrapped and for an end to the “run through” training introduced as part of MMC.

And he wants to see UK medical graduates automatically guaranteed a place on the first year of foundation training (F1). They would then, however, be expected to take a national examination at the end of the F1 year. This would give them a national rating that they would use to compete for training positions at a local level. Candidates from other European Union countries would also be able to apply for these posts, but not at the F1 stage.

However, the issue of medical graduates from outside the EU must also be dealt with, said Professor …
P179 The changing numbers and indications of mediastinoscopy procedures performed following the introduction of endobronchial ultrasound at a UK tertiary centre
Authors: M. Bahir, R. Breen, A. Quinn, J. King, G. Santis
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endobronchial Ultrasound(EBUS) is a minimally invasive procedure that is being increasingly utilised in the diagnosis and management of mediastinal pathologies as an alternative to surgical mediastinoscopy. This study aimed to determine the extent to which EBUS is changing the numbers of and indications for surgical mediastinoscopy at Guy9s &amp; St Thomas9 NHS Foundation Trust, a tertiary centre for EBUS and surgical mediastinoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> Patient records were retrospectively reviewed for two twelve-month periods, the first immediately preceding the introduction of EBUS (Phase 1), and the second commencing after a period of 15 months had elapsed (Phase 2). The numbers and indications of invasive mediastinal sampling procedures performed during each phase were determined and compared, as was the frequency of lymph node stations sampled. <h3>Results</h3> 596 patients were included; the number of patients undergoing mediastinoscopy fell from 158 in Phase 1 to 106 in Phase 2; 332 patients underwent EBUS in Phase 2. There was significant reduction in mediastinoscopies performed to stage lung cancer (64%reduction; p&lt;0.001), confirm suspected lung cancer (40% reduction; p&lt;0.001); and diagnose granulomatous disease (60% reduction; p&lt;0.001); however, there was a 47% increase (p&lt;0.001) in mediastinoscopies performed to diagnose mediastinal lymphadenopathy unrelated to lung cancer. In Phase 2, EBUS accounted for 81% of lung cancer staging procedures, 85% of procedures confirming suspected lung cancer, and 84% confirming granulomatous disease. Nodal stations 4R/L and 7 were most frequently sampled by both procedures, while access to stations 10R/L and 11R/L by EBUS accounted for 20% of all stations sampled in Phase 2. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of EBUS has reduced the use of surgical mediastinoscopy, but also increased the total number of mediastinal sampling procedures performed. Mediastinoscopy use has significantly fallen for all indications that are amenable to EBUS-directed sampling.
Dysbindin-1 and schizophrenia: from genetics to neuropathology
Authors: Michael J. Owen, Nigel M. Williams, Michael C. O’Donovan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The gene encoding dysbindin-1 has recently been implicated in susceptibility to schizophrenia. In this issue of the JCI, Talbot et al. show that, contrary to expectations, dysbindin-1 is located presynaptically in glutamatergic neurons and is reduced at these locations in schizophrenia . Further studies of dysbindin-1 and the proteins with which it interacts can be expected to throw light on the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Underlying chronic granulomatous disease in a patient with bronchocentric granulomatosis
Authors: Y Moltyaner
Journal: Thorax (2003)

We present a case of bronchocentric granulomatosis in a woman with no history of asthma who was colonised with <i>Aspergillus</i><i>fumigatus.</i> A family history of chronic granulomatous disease prompted further testing that demonstrated severely depressed neutrophil oxidant production and gp91<sup>phox</sup> deficiency compatible with the X linked carrier state of chronic granulomatous disease. Only one report of the association of these two rare diseases has previously appeared in the literature. We postulate that an ineffective immune response led to the prolonged colonisation of <i>A</i><i>fumigatus</i> resulting in a hypersensitivity reaction that was manifest clinically as bronchocentric granulomatosis.
Impaired perfusion after myocardial infarction is due to reperfusion-induced δPKC-mediated myocardial damage
Authors: Fumiaki Ikeno, Koichi Inagaki, Mehrdad Rezaee, Daria Mochly-Rosen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Journal Article Impaired perfusion after myocardial infarction is due to reperfusion-induced δPKC-mediated myocardial damage Get access Fumiaki Ikeno, Fumiaki Ikeno aDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Koichi Inagaki, Koichi Inagaki bDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mehrdad Rezaee, Mehrdad Rezaee aDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Daria Mochly-Rosen Daria Mochly-Rosen * bDepartment of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States *Corresponding author. Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CCSR, Rm 3145A, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5174, United States. Tel.: +1 650 725 7720; fax: +1 650 723 2253. Email address: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 73, Issue 4, March 2007, Pages 699–709, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.12.011 Published: 01 March 2007 Article history Received: 28 August 2006 Revision received: 10 December 2006 Accepted: 11 December 2006 Published: 01 March 2007
Marijuana and Adolescence: What Can We Learn From Primates?
Authors: Cheryl Corcoran
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2014)

Even if performance of cognitive tasks does not seem to be affected in adolescent abusers, the brain's reserve may already be compromised.In an article published concurrently with this editorial, Verrico and colleagues (1) report that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active ingredient of marijuana, administered to monkeys for 6 months during their adolescence, impairs development of spatial working memory.Normal development of spatial working memory was observed in adolescent monkeys administered only saline.The spatial working memory task entailed monkeys 1) looking at a screen that had a square displayed at random in one of four corners, 2) touching the square, 3) looking at a "fixation" cross for an interval of 1, 4, 8, or 16 seconds, and 4) then pointing to the corner where the monkey remembered the square was before.The effect of chronic administration of THC was specific to spatial working memory in the monkeys, as the recall of a colored object independent of location was not affected by THC in terms of either accuracy or reaction time.The exposure to THC in adolescent monkeys was similar to that obtained by a human smoking one to two marijuana cigarettes, five times per week, for 6 months.
Protective antifungal memory CD8+ T cells are maintained in the absence of CD4+ T cell help and cognate antigen in mice
Authors: Som G. Nanjappa, Erika Heninger, Marcel Wüthrich, Thomas Sullivan, Bruce Klein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Individuals who are immunocompromised, including AIDS patients with few CD4(+) T cells, are at increased risk for opportunistic fungal infections. The incidence of such infections is increasing worldwide, meaning that the need for antifungal vaccines is increasing. Although CD4(+) T cells play a dominant role in resistance to many pathogenic fungal infections, we have previously shown that vaccination can induce protective antifungal CD8(+) T cell immunity in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. However, it has not been determined whether vaccine-induced antifungal CD8(+) T cell memory can be maintained in the absence of CD4(+) T cell help. Here, we have shown in a mouse model of vaccination against blastomycosis that antifungal memory CD8(+) T cells are maintained in the absence of CD4(+) T cells without loss of numbers or function for at least 6 months and that the cells protect against infection. Using a system that enabled us to induce and track antigen-specific, antifungal CD8(+) T cells, we found that such cells were maintained for at least 5 months upon transfer into naive mice lacking both CD4(+) T cells and persistent fungal antigen. Additionally, fungal vaccination induced a profile of transcription factors functionally linked with persistent memory in CD8(+) T cells. Thus, unlike bacteria and viruses, fungi elicit long-term CD8(+) T cell memory that is maintained without CD4(+) T cell help or persistent antigen. This has implications for the development of novel antifungal vaccine strategies effective in immunocompromised patients.
Availability of Tobacco to Youth Via the Internet
Authors: J. A. Jensen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The "White on Black" Slide
Authors: Samuel Packer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Some lecturers use slides with white letters on a black background. Although this may appear at first glance to be more dramatic than the more standard black on white, the written material so presented is actually more difficult to read. "Snellen" acuity is in part due to resolution acuity, and the latter is decreased by irradiation (white letters spilling over into the black background). Thus, the decreased visual acuity in the white on black slide is in part accounted for by the optical problem of irradiation. The principal of irradiation and its relationship to visual acuity is explained in the text by Rubin and Walls.<sup>1</sup> Bright-on-dark resolution acuity is never very 'good.' Resolution charts and targets which are identical, except for being related to each other like a photographic positive to its negative, are consequently not interchangeable. The observer's performance will be poorer, other things being
The Coactivator SRC-1 Is an Essential Coordinator of Hepatic Glucose Production
Authors: Jean-Francois Louet, Atul R. Chopra, Jorn V. Sagen, Jie An, Brian York, Mounia Tannour-Louet, Pradip K. Saha, Robert D. Stevens, Brett R. Wenner, Olga R. Ilkayeva, James R. Bain, Suoling Zhou, Franco DeMayo, Jianming Xu, Christopher B. Newgard, Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Hematologic Problems in the Newborn
Authors: Louis K. Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Rarely does a "must" medical textbook appear nowadays. But here is one which should be read by all physicians who are responsible for the newborn infant—obstetricians, pediatricians, and all practitioners who deliver and care for babies. Progress in medicine has been measured by percentage decrease in mortality and morbidity of disease. Though we point with pride to the increased life-span of adults, the marked improvement in death rates for many diseases, and particularly the great drop in infant mortality in the last two generations, it is a constant source of anxiety and disappointment that newborns have been the least affected by medical progress and that neonatal mortality statistics have improved very little. An appreciable percentage of catastrophes to the newborn result from hematologic disorders. This small book presents them in clear and compact form. Since there has been, and there is, nothing like it on the market, and since this
Towards a Self-Rating Scale for Alexithymia
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Bruno Baldaro, Raffaella M.A. Osti
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

A self-rating scale for alexithymia was administered to a consecutive unselected series of 150 medical patients suffering from essential hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, psoriasis, chronic urticaria, fungal infections of the skin and gastrointestinal disorders. The scale, an Italian version of a preliminary form of the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale, showed some interesting discriminating properties. Implications for the development of a self-rating scale for alexithymia are discussed.
SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF CHRONIC NASAL SINUS INFECTION IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: ALBERT H. BYFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

DISCUSSIONOr. William Krusen, Philadelphia : I have been, so far, without any personal experience in medical expert testimony.I think that many doctors are deterred from this by a certain amount of fear of the members of the legal profession.It was Gladstone, I believe, who said, "The perpetuation of these two professions is assured; because law rests on dissention
Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on coronary blood flow.
Authors: A Chauhan, P A Mullins, S I Thuraisingham, G Taylor, M C Petch, P M Schofield
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Although neurostimulation has been shown to be of benefit in angina pectoris, the exact mechanism of its action is not clear. This study was performed to examine the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on coronary blood flow.The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was studied in 34 syndrome X patients (group 1), 15 coronary artery disease patients (group 2), and 16 heart transplant patients (group 3). Coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) in the left coronary system was measured at rest and after a 5-minute stimulation period with a Judkins Doppler. There was a significant increase in the resting CBFV in group 1 (from 6.8 +/- 4.1 to 10.5 +/- 5.7 cm/s, P < .001) and group 2 (from 6.8 +/- 4.1 to 10.5 +/- 5.7 cm/s, P < .001). However, there was no significant change in the resting CBFV in group 3. There were no significant changes in the coronary arterial diameters as a result of neurostimulation. There was a significant decrease in the epinephrine levels in group 1 (from 79.6 +/- 17.8 to 58.5 +/- 17.5 ng/L, P = .01) and group 2 (from 102.2 +/- 27.2 to 64.1 +/- 19.1 ng/L, P = .01).Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation can increase resting coronary blood flow velocity. The findings suggest that the site of action is at the microcirculatory level and that the effects may be mediated by neural mechanisms.
Mortality Prediction in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: J. Martínez-Alario, I. D. Tuesta, E. Plasencia, M. Santana, M. L. Mora
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Our purpose was to assess the performance of general severity systems (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE], Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS], and Mortality Probability Models [MPM]) and to compare them with the Parsonnet score to predict mortality after cardiac surgery.This was a prospective observational study of 465 cardiac surgery patients in a tertiary referral center. Probabilities of hospital death for patients were estimated by applying the 4 models and were compared with actual mortality rates. Performance of the 4 systems was assessed by evaluating calibration with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and discrimination with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. chi2 values were 3. 71 for Parsonnet, 4.52 for MPM II0, 4.30 for MPM II24, 5.16 for SAPS II, and 10.57 for APACHE II. The area under the ROC curve was 0.857 for Parsonnet, 0.783 for MPM II0, 0.796 for MPM II24, 0.771 for SAPS II, and 0.803 for APACHE II.In our experience, the Parsonnet score performs very well, with calibration and discrimination very high, better than general severity systems, and it is an appropriate tool to assess mortality in cardiac surgery patients. In our experience, the general severity systems perform well to predict mortality after cardiac surgery, with high calibration of MPM II24, MPM II0, and SAPS II; minor calibration for APACHE II; and high discrimination for 3 general systems, but not as well as the Parsonnet score.
Lung Dendritic Cell Expression of Maturation Molecules Increases with Worsening Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Christine M. Freeman, Fernando J. Martinez, MeiLan K. Han, Theresa M. Ames, Stephen W. Chensue, Jill C. Todt, Douglas A. Arenberg, Catherine A. Meldrum, Christi Getty, Lisa McCloskey, Jeffrey L. Curtis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have not been well studied in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet their integral role in activating and differentiating T cells makes them potential participants in COPD pathogenesis.To determine the expression of maturation molecules by individual DC subsets in relationship to COPD stage and to expression of the acute activation marker CD69 by lung CD4(+) T cells.We nonenzymatically released lung leukocytes from human surgical specimens (n = 42) and used flow cytometry to identify three DC subsets (mDC1, mDC2, and pDC) and to measure their expression of three costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86) and of CD83, the definitive marker of DC maturation. Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis was used to identify significant correlations between expression of DC maturation molecules and COPD severity.Expression of CD40 by mDC1 and mDC2 and of CD86 by mDC2 was high regardless of GOLD stage, but CD80 and CD83 on these two DC subsets increased with disease progression. pDC also showed significant increases in expression of CD40 and CD80. Expression of all but one of the DC molecules that increased with COPD severity also correlated with CD69 expression on lung CD4(+) T cells from the same patients, with the exception of CD83 on mDC2.This cross-sectional study implies that COPD progression is associated with significant increases in costimulatory molecule expression by multiple lung DC subsets. Interactions with lung DCs may contribute to the immunophenotype of CD4(+) T cells in advanced COPD. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00281229).
Clinical Decisions to Limit Treatment
Authors: BERNARD LO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A case of a patient with gastrointestinal hemorrhage raises the question of limiting medical treatment. We analyze four reasons to limit treatment: Treatment is futile, the patient refuses treatment, the costs of treatment seem excessive, and the quality of life is judged unacceptable. For cases in which treatment is to be limited, we offer practical suggestions for compassionate and appropriate terminal care.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Chowbay et al
Authors: Erika Cecchin, Giuseppe Corona, Giuseppe Toffoli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

In Response: The primary aim of our report was to describe and validate a measurable molecular variable that could explain the metabolic conversion of irinotecan (CPT11) to SN38, the pharmacologically active metabolite which exerts chemotherapeutic and toxic effects. In particular, expression of