tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Long-Term Enalapril Treatment on Persistent Microalbuminuria in Well-Controlled Hypertensive and Normotensive NIDDM Patients
Authors: Takahisa Sano, Takahiko Kawamura, Hiromi Matsumae, Hiromitsu Sasaki, Motohiro Nakayama, Tomohiro Hara, Seiichi Matsuo, Nigishi Hotta, Nobuo Sakamoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether long-term treatment with an angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor has a beneficial effect on the urinary microalbumin excretion and renal function in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, enalapril (5 mg/day) was administered for 48 months. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifty-two patients with NIDDM who had persistent microalbuminuria in the range of 20–300 mg/24 h, serum creatinine &amp;lt; 106.1 μM 1.2 mg/dl), supine systolic blood pressure (BP) &amp;lt;150 mmHg, supine diastolic BP &amp;lt;90 mmHg, and HbA1c &amp;lt;10% were divided into four groups. Twenty-six patients with normotension were divided at random into two groups; one group received enalapril (5 mg/day) (NE group), the other did not receive enalapril (NC group). In the same way, 26 other patients who were already well-controlled with nifedipine (30 mg/day) over a long-term period (4–6 years) were divided at random into two groups; one received enalapril (5 mg/day) (HE group), the other did not receive enalapril (HC group). RESULTS After 48 months, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was markedly reduced in group NE from 102.4 ×/÷ 1.3 to 55.5 ×/÷ 1.3 mg/24 h (P &amp;lt; 0.005), whereas no significant change occurred in group NC. In the well-controlled hypertensive groups, a significant reduction in UAE occurred in group HE (P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas no significant change occurred in group HC. No changes in creatinine clearance, BP, or blood glucose control were seen during the study. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with enalapril for 48 months may have a beneficial effect on the decline of microalbumin excretion in NIDDM patients.
IS BILATERAL OPERATION FOR CATARACT EVER JUSTIFIABLE?AND IF NOT, HOW SOON AFTER THE OPERATION ON THE FIRST EYE IS IT SAFE TO EXTRACT THE SECOND CATARACT?
Authors: A. W. CALHOUN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

An exhaustive review of text-books, medical journals, special periodicals and pamphlets revealed a total lack of literature bearing on this subject, and a letter of inquiry, sent to forty-one competent and experienced oculists in different sections of the country, showed the greatest diversity of opinion; about an equal number being on each side of the question. This paper, therefore, is largely based on a personal and clinical experience of more that fifteen hundred cataract operations. I can conceive of no circumstances that would justify me in making bilateral extraction of cataract. There are so many sources of infection and so many opportunities for it, that we can never be sure that an eye will not be infected during or after an operation, however careful we may have been in our work, or however perfect the patient's local, mental or physical condition may have been. The difficulty of
Drug Spotlight on Antacids and Anticholinergics
Authors: GEORGE N. AAGAARD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorial Notes1 April 1975Drug Spotlight on Antacids and AnticholinergicsGEORGE N. AAGAARD, M.D.GEORGE N. AAGAARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-4-587 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring this quarter-year the "Drug Spotlight" is focused on antacids and anticholinergic drugs. Because these agents are most commonly used in peptic ulcer disease, our questions are directed primarily to their use in that disorder. These questions are offered to hospital pharmacy and therapeutics committees to suggest one or more points that they might wish to review in their study of drug therapy in their own hospitals.1. What was the frequency of dosage and the timing in relation to meals of the antacids used?2. Were the buffering capacity and the sodium content of the antacids appropriate to each... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Subcommittee on Hospital-Based Education in Therapeutics American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Department of Medicine-RG 20 School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1975Volume 82, Issue 4Page: 587-587KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsPeptic ulcersSodium Issue Published: 1 April 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Targeted screening may be a cost effective way to detect glaucoma
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The drug industry is "burying its head in the sand" when dealing with health in developing countries and denying poorer people access to life saving drugs, a report claims this week.A critical report by the international agency Oxfam says that the drug industry is refusing to change the way it does business in poor countries, despite promising that it would, and is undermining its own future.Oxfam's report looks at the world's top 12 drug companies, including their drug pricing policies, their record in developing drugs that are relevant to health care in poor countries, and their stance on protecting intellectual property rights.The report says that the industry shows various shortcomings, including:• Failure to implement a systematic and transparent tiered pricing policy that is based on people's ability to pay • Continuing to neglect research and development concerning diseases that affect developing countries, and • Inflexibility in protecting intellectual property, which includes challenging poor countries in court to stop them using legal safeguards to protect public health.Oxfam interviewed 12 companies in preparing the report: Abbott, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Wyeth
Th2 Cytokines and Filaggrin Deficiency Enhance Staphylococcus Aureus Alpha-Toxin Induced Keratinocyte Death
Authors: Anne M. Brauweiler, Elena Goleva, Michiko K. Oyoshi, Raif S. Geha, Donald Y.M. Leung
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Lumps in the Breast
Authors: K. W. Beetham
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Emergency departments (EDs) are complex systems that have constant fluctuations in demand, creating mismatches with planned capacity. Despite the complexity of ED operations, quality and safety improvement are often approached in a reactive, linear and reductionist manner. There is increasing interest in adopting Resilient Healthcare (RHC) techniques based on complex systems thinking as a method for quality improvement and research in EDs. However, the evidence for this approach is still developing and it is not clear what techniques have been used so far and which are most effective. This scoping review will be conducted between March 2022 until May 2022. It seeks to examine the international literature for available reports that have adopted RHC theory to study ED operations and identify approaches used and proposed benefits. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> The methodology for scoping reviews outlined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be followed, acknowledging refinements made to the scoping review process by Levac <i>et al</i> (2010). The methodology consists of five steps: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying the relevant literature; (3) study selection; (4) charting the data; and (5) collating, summarising and reporting the results. A two-stage approach will be undertaken to synthesise and report results: (1) numerical analysis of the nature and distribution of studies (the overall number of studies, country of origin, the most studied core function of ED, type of research design); and (2) a thematic mapping of the literature. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Scoping review methodology synthesises published data and, therefore, does not require ethical approval. An article formatted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses forScoping Reviews reporting guidance will be submitted for publication to a scientific journal. Findings will also be presented at relevant advanced practice conferences and disseminated within clinical and academic groups.
A CAG/CTG expansion in the normal population
Authors: Mika Nakamoto, Hirohide Takebayashi, Yoshiya Kawaguchi, Shuh Narumiya, Masafumi Taniwaki, Yusuke Nakamura, Yasuhiro Ishikawa, Ichiro Akiguchi, Jun Kimura, Akira Kakizuka
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Yersinia associated arthritis in SHR rats: effect of the microbial status of the host.
Authors: C Gripenberg-Lerche, P Toivanen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

Following the intravenous injection of live Yersinia enterocolitica O:8, 50-69% of SHR rats developed arthritis; these rats were antibody free against all rat pathogens tested. In contrast, only 20-25% of SHR rats which had serum antibodies against Bacillus piliformis, Kilham rat virus, and Toolan H-1 virus developed arthritis. The results indicate that the microbial load of the host has a profound effect on the susceptibility to experimental arthritis.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cardiovascular disease
Authors: A Shah
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

The simple gas nitric oxide (NO) has a diverse array of actions in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system. Three distinct NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, each encoded for by separate genes, have now been identified [1–4]. nNOS (or ‘neuronal’ NOS, NOS1) and eNOS (or ‘endothelial’ NOS, NOS3) are constitutive, Ca2+-regulated isoforms expressed not only in nervous tissue and endothelium respectively, but also in several other cell types. iNOS (or NOS2) can be expressed in almost any cell type upon appropriate stimulation. All NOS isoforms can be transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated [5]. The generation of NO requires l-arginine, O2, NADPH, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). In situations where there is l-arginine and/or BH4 deficiency, all the NOSs can generate superoxide as well as NO [6].

Appreciation of the role of NO in the cardiovascular system dates back to 1980 and the seminal report by Furchgott & Zawadzki of a labile endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) responsible for acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation [7]. In 1987, Salvador Moncada and colleagues [8] as well as Ignarro and co-workers [9] independently demonstrated that NO accounted for the biological activity of EDRF. Around the same time, it was shown that NO was involved in macrophage-induced cytotoxicity [10,11]. Endothelial NO synthesis was Ca2+-regulated and produced small amounts of NO, whereas the macrophage enzyme was Ca2+-independent and generated much larger amounts of NO. Furthermore, the macrophage enzyme was detectable only after exposure to cytokines or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), ie, was inducible.

In 1989, Patrick Vallance and colleagues had used local intra-arterial infusion of a specific NOS inhibitor, N G-monomethyl l-arginine (l-NMMA), into the forearm to show that endogenous NO contributed to resting arteriolar vasodilator ‘tone’ and mediated acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation in …
Thrombocytopenic Purpura Apparently Due to Tablets Containing Salicylamide and Mephenesin ("Arthripax")
Authors: R. Platt
Journal: BMJ (1958)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL metabolites in man is low.The bromide, which is soluble to the extent of 30% in water, was excreted in larger amounts than the less soluble hydroxynaphthoate.The almost insoluble embonate was excreted in still smaller amounts.
Renal Radiation-Reply
Authors: Gordon L. Mathes
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Corcoran points out that 2,500 r produced evidence of radiation nephritis after exposure of dog kidneys. We are aware of radiation nephritis, and, for that reason, none of our patients have received over 1,500 r to the kidney, and one responded to 391 r (Case 6). Heminephrectomy is only suitable where a venous calycine channel can be demonstrated by pyelograms. Case 1 underwent heminephrectomy 2 years following radiation of 1,500 r, and no evidence of radiation nephritis was found in the tissue removed.
DO STEMI PATIENTS WHO LIVE FURTHER AWAY FROM THE PCI CENTRE HAVE WORSE OUTCOME?
Authors: Sonja Postma, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Menko-Jan De Boer, A.T. Marcel Gosselink, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Jan C.A. Hoorntje, Evelien Kolkman, Harry Suryapranata, Arnoud W.J. Van ‘t Hof
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Guttate psoriasis is associated with an intermediate phenotype of impaired Langerhans cell migration
Authors: L.H. Eaton, L. Chularojanamontri, F.R. Ali, E. Theodorakopoulou, R.J. Dearman, I. Kimber, C.E.M. Griffiths
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Guttate psoriasis is associated with an intermediate phenotype of impaired Langerhans cell migration Get access L.H. Eaton, L.H. Eaton Faculty of Life Sciences Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Correspondence Laura H. Eaton. E‐mail: laura.eaton@manchester.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Chularojanamontri, L. Chularojanamontri The Dermatology Centre Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.KDepartment of Dermatology Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.R. Ali, F.R. Ali The Dermatology Centre Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Theodorakopoulou, E. Theodorakopoulou The Dermatology Centre Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.J. Dearman, R.J. Dearman Faculty of Life Sciences Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Kimber, I. Kimber Faculty of Life Sciences Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E.M. Griffiths C.E.M. Griffiths The Dermatology Centre Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 2, 1 August 2014, Pages 409–411, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12960 Published: 01 August 2014
Cathelicidin, kallikrein 5, and serine protease activity is inhibited during treatment of rosacea with azelaic acid 15% gel
Authors: Alvin B. Coda, Tissa Hata, Jeremiah Miller, David Audish, Paul Kotol, Aimee Two, Faiza Shafiq, Kenshi Yamasaki, Julie C. Harper, James Q. Del Rosso, Richard L. Gallo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
NPs — heart hormones that regulate brown fat?
Authors: Andrew J. Whittle, Antonio Vidal-Puig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is well characterized as being under the control of the sympathetic nervous system. The energy-burning capacity of BAT makes it an attractive target for anti-obesity therapies. However, previous attempts to manipulate BAT's sympathetic activation have lacked specificity. In this issue of the JCI, Bordicchia et al. provide new data indicating that cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) are also able to activate thermogenic machinery in adipose tissue. Their findings suggest a novel strategy to increase energy dissipation in adipose tissue, independent of adrenergic receptors.
SIX MONTHS OCT OUTCOMES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER BIOLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS VERSUS DURABLE POLYMER ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CAD: PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER TRIAL
Authors: Byoung Kwon Lee, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Young Won Yoon, Pil-Ki Min, Bum-Kee Hong, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yang Soo Jang, Byeong-Keuk Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
AN INSTANCE OF UNUSUAL SENSITIVE-$ NESS TO RESORCIN
Authors: DOUGLASS W. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In May, 1907, a patient consulted me on account of a severe dermatitis of the scalp and forehead, following the use of a dandruff cure. I ordered soothing applications under which the symptoms rapidly subsided. At the next visit, however, nine days afterward, I noticed that he had acne of the back of the neck, for which I prescribed a resorcin paste. I ordered this of moderate strength, 3.25 per cent., because the dermatitis had not yet entirely subsided. This application caused a violent reaction, and kept the patient awake all night. I then explained to him that the good effects of many medicines, among them resorcin, lay in their stimulating nature, and that with this preparation reduced one-half we would get its benefits without its overaction. This was accordingly done. The paste diluted one-half, and therefore about 1.625 per cent., still caused a violent reaction. Not only was this
Delta-like 1 is necessary for the generation of marginal zone B cells but not T cells in vivo
Authors: Katsuto Hozumi, Naoko Negishi, Daisuke Suzuki, Natsumi Abe, Yusuke Sotomaru, Norikazu Tamaoki, Carolina Mailhos, David Ish-Horowicz, Sonoko Habu, Michael J Owen
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
THE INTRACAROTID METHOD OF TREATMENT FOR MENINGITIS WITH RECOVERIES
Authors: JOHN A. KOLMER
Journal: JAMA (1931)

As reported in a previous communication,<sup>1</sup>the intracarotid injection of various serums and chemical agents has been found a safe procedure in the lower animals and has yielded some encouraging results in the treatment of experimental pneumococcus and streptococcus meningitis of dogs, when combined with spinal or cisternal drainage and intracisternal medication. Dogs infected by the intracisternal injection of young broth cultures of virulent type I pneumococci or highly virulent hemolytic streptococci developed symptoms within twenty-four to thirty-six hours and succumbed within three to six days with all the classic signs of fulminating meningitis, including the characteristic changes in the cerebrospinal fluid. But from two to six dogs out of each ten with pneumococcus meningitis made complete recoveries when the following treatment was instituted within twenty-four hours after infection and when symptoms of meningitis and spinal fluid changes were first apparent: (<i>a</i>) cisternal drainage; (<i>b</i>) the injection into each
Associations of blood pressure and hypertension with lead dose measures and polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genes.
Authors: B K Lee, G S Lee, W F Stewart, K D Ahn, D Simon, K T Kelsey, A C Todd, B S Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Evidence suggests that lead and selected genes known to modify the toxicokinetics of lead--namely, those for the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD)--may independently influence blood pressure and hypertension risk. We report the relations among ALAD and VDR genotypes, three lead dose measures, and blood pressure and hypertension status in 798 Korean lead workers and 135 controls without occupational exposure to lead. Lead dose was assessed by blood lead, tibia lead measured by X-ray fluorescence, and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-chelatable lead. Among lead workers, 9.9% (n = 79) were heterozygous for the ALAD(2) allele, and there were no ALAD(2) homozygotes; 11.2% (n = 89) had at least one copy of the VDR B allele, and 0.5% (n = 4) had the BB genotype. In linear regression models to control for covariates, VDR genotype (BB and Bb vs. bb), blood lead, tibia lead, and DMSA-chelatable lead were all positive predictors of systolic blood pressure. On average, lead workers with the VDR B allele, mainly heterozygotes, had systolic blood pressures that were 2.7-3.7 mm Hg higher than did workers with the bb genotype. VDR genotype was also associated with diastolic blood pressure; on average, lead workers with the VDR B allele had diastolic blood pressures that were 1.9-2.5 mm Hg higher than did lead workers with the VDR bb genotype (p = 0.04). VDR genotype modified the relation of age with systolic blood pressure; compared to lead workers with the VDR bb genotype, workers with the VDR B allele had larger elevations in blood pressure with increasing age. Lead workers with the VDR B allele also had a higher prevalence of hypertension compared to lead workers with the bb genotype [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 2.1 (1.0, 4.4), p = 0.05]. None of the lead biomarkers was associated with diastolic blood pressure, and tibia lead was the only lead dose measure that was a significant predictor of hypertension status. In contrast to VDR, ALAD genotype was not associated with the blood pressure measures and did not modify associations of the lead dose measures with any of the blood pressure measures. To our knowledge, these are the first data to suggest that the common genetic polymorphism in the VDR is associated with blood pressure and hypertension risk. We speculate that the BsmI polymorphism may be in linkage disequilibrium with another functional variant at the VDR locus or with a nearby gene.
Treatment of Active Crohn's Disease With MLN0002, a Humanized Antibody to the α4β7 Integrin
Authors: Brian G. Feagan, Gordon R. Greenberg, Gary Wild, Richard N. Fedorak, Pierre Paré, John W.D. McDonald, Albert Cohen, Alain Bitton, Jeffrey Baker, Réjean Dubé, Steven B. Landau, Margaret K. Vandervoort, Asit Parikh
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Six Cases of Lupus Vulgaris Treated by Koch's New Tuberculin: A Preliminary Note
Authors: M. Morris, A. Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1897)

rience the patient who is least benefited by dietary is the martyr to chronic dyspepsia.How often have I seen such an one, after being dieted too strictly, improve so soon as he was allowed to eat and drink whatever he fancied.Now it is the fashion that each patient should be presented with a card telling him what to eat, drink, and avoid-all are favoured.with the same ticket, and, to my mind, all might with equal reason be provided with the same prescription.