tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of direct inhibition of insulin secretion by exogenous insulin in the canine pancreas.
Authors: J Stagner, E Samols, K Polonsky, W Pugh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To test whether insulin secretion is self-regulatory, canine pancreata were isolated and perfused in vitro and were infused with 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mU/ml exogenous insulin. Basal and arginine-stimulated concentrations of C-peptide, glucagon, and somatostatin were measured. There were no significant differences between basal secretion nor the increment of arginine-stimulated secretion for each respective hormone at each exogenous insulin concentration. The second preparation studied was a vascularly isolated, yet innervated, in situ perfused pancreas. Exogenous insulin (1 mU/kg per min) was infused "systemically"; the pancreas received no insulin. Endogenous pancreatic insulin and C-peptide secretion was suppressed, while pancreatic glucagon secretion increased during systemic insulin infusion. No changes in pancreatic hormone secretion occurred after the sympathetic nerves were sectioned. These results suggest that exogenous insulin does not directly suppress the B cell, but can suppress insulin secretion through an indirect neurally mediated, insulin-dependent nerve mechanism.
The relationship of sterol regulatory element–binding protein cleavage–activation protein and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms with metabolic changes during weight reduction
Authors: Tuomo Nieminen, Jussi Matinheikki, Arja Nenonen, Katriina Kukkonen-Harjula, Virpi Lindi, Päivi Hämelahti, Reijo Laaksonen, Yue-Mei Fan, Mika Kähönen, Mikael Fogelholm, Terho Lehtimäki
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Transatlantic trip of marrow donor failed to help infant
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Bone marrow transplantation still offers a fighting chance to children with the autosomal recessive form of osteopetrosis (marble bone disease). Sadly, the first child to receive a transplant from an unrelated donor died recently at Rainbow Babies' and Children's Hospital in Cleveland. But his death occurred before engraftment had had a chance to take place and was not donor related, says Peter F. Coccia, MD, acting director of pediatric hematology-oncology at the hospital.  Coccia, who is also associate professor of pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, toldJAMAMEDICAL NEWS that a high fever developed in the 10-month-old boy five days after he received an infusion of processed bone marrow from an adult female donor who made a highly publicized trip to Cleveland from London for the transplant. The child was given antibiotics, which did not help his condition. Presumably, the cause of death was an
Growth Hormone Replacement in Healthy Older Men Improves Body Composition but Not Functional Ability
Authors: Maxine A. Papadakis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether growth hormone replacement in older men improves functional ability. Design: Randomized, controlled, double-blind trial. Setting: General community. Patients: 52 healthy men older than 69 years of age with well-preserved functional ability but low baseline insulin-like growth factor 1 levels. Intervention: Growth hormone (0.03 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo given three times a week for 6 months. Measurements: Body composition, knee and hand grip muscle strength, systemic endurance, and cognitive function. Results: The participants' mean age was 75.0 years (range, 70 to 85 years). At 6 months, lean mass had increased on average by 4.3% in the growth hormone group and had decreased by 0.1% in the placebo group, a difference of 4.4 percentage points (95% CI, 2.1 to 6.8 percentage points). Fat mass decreased by an average of 13.1% in the growth hormone group and by 0.3% in the placebo group, a difference of 12.8 percentage points (CI, 8.6 to 17.0 percentage points). No statistically or clinically significant differences were seen between the groups in knee or hand grip strength or in systemic endurance. The mean Trails B score in the growth hormone group improved by 8.5 seconds, whereas scores in the placebo group deteriorated by 5.0 seconds, a difference of 13.5 seconds (CI, 3.1 seconds to 23.9 seconds; P = 0.01) However, the growth hormone group's score on the Mini-Mental Status Examination deteriorated by 0.4, whereas the placebo group's score improved by 0.2, a difference of 0.6 (P = 0.11). The two treatment groups had almost identical scores on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (P > 0.2). Twenty-six men in the growth hormone group had 48 incidents of side effects, and 26 placebo recipients had 14 incidents of side effects (P = 0.002). Dose reduction was required in 26% of the growth hormone recipients and in none of the placebo recipients (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Physiologic doses of growth hormone given for 6 months to healthy older men with well-preserved functional abilities increased lean tissue mass and decreased fat mass. Although body composition improved with growth hormone use, functional ability did not improve. Side effects occurred frequently.
THE STATUS OF SKIASCOPY.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

It is conceded beyond all doubt by those practiced in the objective methods for determining the ocular refraction, that skiascopy holds the first place as regards accuracy and minuteness of measurement. This you have learned from the special committee appointed last year and empowered to report at this meeting. The sum of our report may be put in one sentence:<i>The objective tests are essential to the proper examination of the ocular refraction and, although but preliminary to the subjective method, reduce the latter to simple proving of lenses found by the former, eliminating in a great measure dependence on the faltering judgment of the untrained patient, substituting therefor the skill of the expert who, reasoning from scientific data, is thus able to fit glasses in less time and more accurately with consequent satisfaction to himself and his patient</i>. Keratometry, ophthalmoscopy and skiascopy; "the greatest of these is" skiascopy. Thus
Worsening of Asthma in Children Allergic to Cats, after Indirect Exposure to Cat at School
Authors: CATARINA ALMQVIST, MAGNUS WICKMAN, LUCA PERFETTI, NIKLAS BERGLIND, ANNE RENSTRÖM, MARIE HEDRÉN, KJELL LARSSON, GUNILLA HEDLIN, PER MALMBERG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Exposure to cat allergen at school might exacerbate symptoms in asthmatic children with cat allergy. To study this, we identified 410 children, 6–12 yr of age, who were being treated for asthma (inhaled steroids and β -agonists), were allergic to cats, and had no cat at home. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), asthma symptoms, medication, fever and/or sore throat, and contact with furred pets were recorded twice daily during the last week of summer holidays and the second and third weeks of school. The number of cat owners in each class was recorded. Ninety-two children with asthma reported no contact with furred pets. Among these, children who attended classes with > 18% (median value) cat owners reported significantly decreased PEF, more days with asthma symptoms, and increased use of medication after school started. Those in classes with ⩽ 18% cat owners reported no change. Children in classes with many cat owners ran a 9-fold increased risk of exacerbated asthma after school start compared with children in classes with few cat owners, after adjusting for age, sex, and fever and/or sore throat. Thus, asthma symptoms, PEF, and the use of asthma medication in children with cat allergy may be affected by indirect cat exposure at school.
Finances of French cancer charity under investigation
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The president of France's leading cancer charity, l'Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, threatened to shut down the agency this week in response to accusations that funds have been misused. Jacques Crozemarie's warning follows a devastating report by the French government's financial watchdog, the Cour des Comptes. The report states that the charity turns over to research less than one third of the funds it collects, that it is overcharged by printers, advertisers, and other contractors, and that it …
Factor V G1691A (Leiden) and prothrombin G20210A single-nucleotide polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Saria F. Wakim‐Ghorayeb, Sose H. Keleshian, Georgina Timson, Ramzi R. Finan, Pierre Najm, Noha Irani‐Hakime, Wassim Y. Almawi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

The association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) G1691A in coagulation factor V (FV)-Leiden and G20210A in prothrombin (PRT) genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were analyzed in 112 T2DM patients (58 males, 54 females; mean age 55.24 +/- 13.5 years) and 249 healthy control subjects (118 males, 131 females; mean age 53.03 +/- 13.8 years). No association was found for FV-Leiden with T2DM, as the frequency of the G/G (82.1% vs. 85.5%), G/A (17.0% vs. 14.1%), and A/A (0.9% vs. 0.4%) genotypes was not different between patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.644). Similarly, lack of association of PRT G20210A with T2DM was seen among the population studied, and the frequency of the G/G (92.9% vs. 97.2%), G/A (6.3% vs. 2.8%), and A/A (0.9% vs. 0.0%) genotypes was similar among patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.094). Neither FV-Leiden nor PRT G20210A was associated with, and no evidence for interactions between these mutations was seen in, T2DM.
Fibrinolysis Following Surgery
Authors: Geza de Takats
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Pison and associates (<i>JAMA</i><b>191</b>: 1026-1027 [March 22] 1965) discusses the increased fibrinolytic activity in anesthetized patients during surgical trauma. From their graphs one might conclude that this fluctuation of fibrinolysis ends even before the operation is completed, and it is stated that within one hour after the operation was completed, the incidence of increased fibrinolysis was the same as that found preoperatively. Our observations of the dynamic changes in the clotting mechanism following surgical stress (de Takats and Marshall:<i>Surgery</i><b>31</b>:13, 1952) showed a triphasic reaction of eosinophils and sensitized clotting times in several hundred operations, corresponding to Selye's adaption syndrome. This response lasts about a week, sometimes longer. The accompanying graph indicates that this is also true of the fibrinolytic mechanism (Figure). It should be noted that 10% fibrinolysis was measured on the second postoperative day, which might lead to the
Genier than thou
Authors: Mike Waller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Many neo-Darwinists treat natural selection of genes and individual organisms as broadly equivalent. This enables Wilson &amp; Sober (W&amp;S) to propose a multilevel group selection model by drawing parallels between individuals and groups. The notion of gene/individual equivalence is a profound misconception. Its elimination negates W&amp;S's current approach but offers the best way forward for both life and behavioural sciences.
Serum Haptoglobin
Authors: Diane J. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A study of a large group of patients was undertaken to determine the effect of compatible whole blood transfusion on the level of serum haptoglobin in order to assess the usefulness of this measurement as a diagnostic test of hemolytic transfusion reactions. In the entire series of 185 patients there were only four cases in which the pretransfusion level was within normal limits and the posttransfusion level was less than 30 mg/100 ml. In all four cases, clinical information is available which adequately explains the drop in serum haptoglobin level. In the only three instances of hemolytic transfusion reactions in the San Francisco area that are known to the authors, the serum haptoglobin determined immediately after the reaction was zero. It is concluded that the measurement of serum haptoglobin is a valuable diagnostic aid in suspected hemolytic transfusion reaction and should be a routine part of the evaluation in all such cases.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Extensive Primary Repair of the Thoracic Aorta in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection by Means of Ascending Aorta Replacement Combined With Open Placement of Triple-Branched Stent Graft: Early Results”
Authors: Liang-Wan Chen, Xiao-Fu Dai, Lin Lu, Gui-Can Zhang, Hua Cao
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Chronic dermatophyte infections II. Antibody and cell-mediated immune responses
Authors: R.J. HAY, G. SHENNAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Chronic dermatophyte infections II. Antibody and cell‐mediated immune responses Get access R.J. HAY, R.J. HAY London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. SHENNAN G. SHENNAN London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 2, 1 February 1982, Pages 191–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00928.x Published: 01 February 1982 Article history Accepted: 23 March 1981 Published: 01 February 1982
Micropatterning: Micropatterning Hydrophobic Liquid on a Porous Polymer Surface for Long‐Term Selective Cell‐Repellency (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2013)
Authors: Erica Ueda, Pavel A. Levkin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Erica Ueda and Pavel A. Levkin present a simple method to produce precise micropatterns of hydrophobic liquids by using hydrophilic–hydrophobic substrates. On page 1425, these micropatterns are shown to possess long-term stability, excellent cell-repellency, no cytotoxicity, and higher efficiency than conventional PEG or superhydrophobic surfaces in controlling eukaryotic cell adhesion.
“Control” and Diabetes
Authors: George F. Cahill, Donnell D. Etzwiler, Norbert Freinkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

For almost 50 years, since insulin therapy was initiated, proponents of "rigid," "tight" or "chemical" control have quoted retrospective evidence of decreased or delayed nephropathy and retinopathy as glucose levels are brought by therapy toward the normal range. Opponents to this hypothesis have pointed to the problems of complications in many of these patients with supposedly better control of the disease, to the emotional and socioeconomic conflicts that often resulted from the demands of rigorous control, to the frequent difficulties with hypoglycemic reactions, and, recently, to the University Group Diabetes Project.1,2Five years ago, in a review of 300 reports . . .
Controlled clinical trial of injection sclerotherapy for active variceal bleeding
Authors: David Westaby, Peter C. Hayes, Alexander E. S. Gimson, Rex J. Polson, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, immediate injection sclerotherapy was compared with treatment by a combined infusion of vasopressin (0.4 unit per min) and nitroglycerin (40 to 400 micrograms per min) in 50 consecutive patients with 64 episodes of endoscopy-proven variceal hemorrhage. Control of bleeding was assessed over a 12-hr period following entry into the trial. Patients in the vasopressin + nitroglycerin group were then treated by sclerotherapy, as were those in the sclerotherapy group who continued to bleed. At 12 hr, bleeding was controlled in 29 (88%) of the 33 episodes treated by sclerotherapy compared with 20 (65%) of 31 episodes treated by vasopressin + nitroglycerin (p less than 0.05). Recurrence of variceal bleeding occurred at the same frequency (31%). Although admission mortality was less in those initially treated by sclerotherapy compared to those managed by vasopressin + nitroglycerin, this did not reach statistical significance (27 and 39%, respectively, p greater than 0.20). Sclerotherapy carried out as the first treatment of the active variceal hemorrhage proved both safe and effective, even in the presence of major hemorrhage, and as compared to combined vasopressin and nitroglycerin it proved superior.
The Signaling Adaptor Eps8 Is an Essential Actin Capping Protein for Dendritic Cell Migration
Authors: Emanuela Frittoli, Gianluca Matteoli, Andrea Palamidessi, Elisa Mazzini, Luigi Maddaluno, Andrea Disanza, Changsong Yang, Tatyana Svitkina, Maria Rescigno, Giorgio Scita
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Frontotemporal Dementia Associated With the<i>C9ORF72</i>Mutation
Authors: Emma Devenney, Michael Hornberger, Muireann Irish, Eneida Mioshi, James Burrell, Rachel Tan, Matthew C. Kiernan, John R. Hodges
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

While advances have been made in characterizing the C9ORF72 clinical phenotype, the hallmark features that discriminate between carriers and noncarriers remain unclear.To determine the frequency of the C9ORF72 mutation in a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) cohort and to define the clinical, neuropsychological, behavioral, and imaging features of C9ORF72 mutation carriers in comparison with noncarriers in a well-defined behavioral-variant (bv)-FTD cohort.A prospective cohort study of patients assessed during a 5-year period from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2012, at an FTD specialist referral center (FRONTIER). A total of 114 consecutive patients with FTD, FTD-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and corticobasal syndrome were assessed at FRONTIER. Patients with bvFTD who carried the C9ORF72 mutation (n = 10) were compared with noncarriers (n = 19) and a healthy control group (n = 35). These were matched for age, sex, and education history. Blood sampling for gene analysis was performed after informed consent was obtained.Clinical, behavioral, cognitive, and neuropsychological deficits, cortical atrophy on a magnetic resonance imaging visual rating scale, and family history as quantified by the Goldman Scale.In a cohort of 114 FTD cases, 14 patients expressed the C9ORF72 mutation, representing a frequency rate of 34% in bvFTD and 17% in FTD-ALS. Family histories of ALS (P = .001) and psychiatric disorders (P = .02) were significantly more common in mutation carriers. The C9ORF72 carriers were also more likely to experience psychotic symptoms (P = .03). The degree of brain atrophy was significantly less in the C9ORF72 cohort, and in many the progression was slow. Presenting features of C9ORF72 carriers were compared against International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria for bvFTD, and most cases failed to satisfy criteria for probable bvFTD.The C9ORF72 mutation appears to be a common cause of bvFTD. Many of the C9ORF72 carriers have a family history of ALS or psychiatric illness. Psychotic features emerged as the most discriminating clinical feature between mutation carriers and noncarriers. Progression is often slow and brain atrophy is less pronounced than in nonmutation cases of bvFTD. These findings have clinical relevance for both diagnosis and selection of patients for genetic testing.
Identification and characterization of the major allergens of buckwheat
Authors: J. W. Park, D. B. Kang, C. W. Kim, S. H. Ko, H. Y. Yum, K. E. Kim, C‐S. Hong, K. Y. Lee
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Buckwheat (BW) has been recognized as a common food allergen in Korea, Japan, and other countries. Until now, serologic findings of BW food-allergic patients and its major allergenic components have not been clarified. In this study, we analyzed the serologic findings of BW food allergy and characterized its major allergenic components.Nineteen BW-allergic subjects with symptoms after BW ingestion and 15 asymptomatic control subjects with positive skin prick test to BW were recruited. BW-specific IgE was measured with the Pharmacia CAP kit. Allergenic components of BW were analyzed by IgE immunoblotting, periodate oxidation, two-dimensonal PAGE, and sequencing of N-terminal amino acids.From the BW-allergic patients and asymptomatic controls, the sensitivity (100%), specificity (53%), and negative (100%) and positive predictive values (73%) of Pharmacia CAP specific IgE for diagnosis were estimated. The prevalence of IgE binding to 24-kDa (pI 8.3), 16-kDa (pI 5.6), and 9-kDa (pI 5.0/ 6.0) allergens was higher than 50% in BW-allergic and asymptomatic subjects. However, the specific IgE to split 19-kDa (pI 6.5/7.0) allergens were more specifically found in BW-allergic patients than in asymptomatic subjects (78% vs 7%). N-terminal amino-acid sequences of 19-kDa and 16-kDa allergens showed moderate and weak homology to the 19-kDa globulin protein of rice and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor of millet, respectively. The N-terminus of the 9-kDa isoallergens were not different from each other and were identified as the reported trypsin inhibitors of BW. Attenuation of the IgE binding to the 9-kDa allergen was found with periodate oxidation.The allergens of 24, 19, 16, and 9 kDa are strong candidates to be major allergens, and the 19-kDa allergen was relatively specific for BW-allergic patients. Moreover, measurement of BW-specific IgE and the features of immunoblotting should be very useful tools in the diagnosis of BW allergy.
Rubella Immunization Risk Postpartum
Authors: John L. Sever
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Several papers have appeared recently describing the use of rubella vaccines in postpartum rubella-susceptible women. 1,2 Most authorities have recommended this procedure only when the possibility of pregnancy is essentially nil. 3 Since the patient is not pregnant immediately following delivery, immunization combined with contraception appears to be quite desirable. Some programs, however, have considered postpartum immunization without reference to contraceptive, since, in their opinion, pregnancy is extremely unlikely within the ensuing two-month period.  To determine the risk of a second pregnancy within two months following delivery, we analyzed the data from the Collaborative Project. In this investigation, approximately 53,000 pregnant women were studied at 12 medical centers located throughout the United States. A total of 7,507 of these women had a second pregnancy during the period of the study (1959 to 1966). From the Table it can be seen that 5.6% of the women had their second pregnancy within two months
Anti-endotoxic and antibacterial effects of a dermal substitute coated with host defense peptides
Authors: Gopinath Kasetty, Martina Kalle, Matthias Mörgelin, Jan C. Brune, Artur Schmidtchen
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Biomaterials used during surgery and wound treatment are of increasing importance in modern medical care. In the present study we set out to evaluate the addition of thrombin-derived host defense peptides to human acellular dermis (hAD, i.e. epiflex®). Antimicrobial activity of the functionalized hAD was demonstrated using radial diffusion and viable count assays against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Electron microscopy analyses showed that peptide-mediated bacterial killing led to reduced hAD degradation. Furthermore, peptide-functionalized hAD displayed endotoxin-binding activity in vitro, as evidenced by inhibition of NF-κB activation in human monocytic cells (THP-1 cells) and a reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production in whole blood in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The dermal substitute retained its anti-endotoxic activity after washing, compatible with results showing that the hAD bound a significant amount of peptide. Furthermore, bacteria-induced contact activation was inhibited by peptide addition to the hAD. E. coli infected hAD, alone, or after treatment with the antiseptic substance polyhexamethylenebiguanide (PHMB), yielded NF-κB activation in THP-1 cells. The activation was abrogated by peptide addition. Thus, thrombin-derived HDPs should be of interest in the further development of new biomaterials with combined antimicrobial and anti-endotoxic functions for use in surgery and wound treatment.