tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tragedy and Response — The Rhode Island Nightclub Fire
Authors: Michael J. Dacey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Just before midnight on February 20, 2003, a terrible fire broke out in a crowded Rhode Island nightclub. It killed almost 100 people immediately and left more than 200 injured, many of them critically. My 350-bed community hospital is two miles from the nightclub.A friend of mine who was a firefighter before he became a doctor rushed to the scene and saw scores of injured and panicked people, some packing their wounds in snow in an attempt to relieve their pain. He called the hospital and, over the poor connection of a cell phone, told us, "The state won't . . .
The Influence of Locality on the Prevalence of Malignant Disease
Authors: T. W. Blake
Journal: BMJ (1898)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Dominant mutations in the HSP70 co-chaperone DNAJB6 cause a late onset muscle disease termed limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1D (LGMD1D), which is characterized by protein aggregation and vacuolar myopathology. Disease mutations reside within the G/F domain of DNAJB6, but the molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunction are not well understood. Using yeast, cell culture, and mouse models of LGMD1D, we find that the toxicity associated with disease-associated DNAJB6 requires its interaction with HSP70, and that abrogating this interaction genetically or with small molecules is protective. In skeletal muscle, DNAJB6 localizes to the Z-disc with HSP70. Whereas HSP70 normally diffuses rapidly between the Z-disc and sarcoplasm, the rate of HSP70’s diffusion in LGMD1D mouse muscle is diminished likely because it has an unusual affinity for the Z-disc and mutant DNAJB6. Treating LGMD1D mice with a small molecule inhibitor of the DNAJ-HSP70 complex re-mobilizes HSP70, improves strength and corrects myopathology. These data support a model in which LGMD1D mutations in DNAJB6 are a gain-of-function disease that is, counter-intuitively, mediated via HSP70 binding. Thus, therapeutic approaches targeting HSP70:DNAJB6 may be effective in treating this inherited muscular dystrophy.
A Critique of the Rationale for Cancer Treatment With Coffee Enemas and Diet
Authors: Saul Green
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WHEN THE RATIONALES offered in support of most  medical  are critically examined, they are frequently found to be scientifically invalid. Yet, according to a recent survey, 1 over 60% of the practitioners of  treatments for cancer hold an MD, a PhD, or both, from an accredited medical school or graduate school. Therefore, when a patient asks his or her physician for an explanation of an unproven medical treatment being offered by another trained and licensed physician, it is not enough for the patient's physician to simply label the unorthodox treatment as quackery. To make an effective contribution to the patient's understanding and decision-making process, the clinician must know whether the claims being made for the treatment are supported by scientific evidence and he or she must be able to discuss that evidence in language that is understood by the patient.  The explanations justifying the use of coffee
The first case of severe Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 infection in Taiwan
Authors: Yuan-Pin Hung, Cong-Tat Cia, Bo-Yang Tsai, Po-Chuan Chen, Hsiao-Ju Lin, Hsiao-Chieh Liu, Jen-Chieh Lee, Yi-Hui Wu, Pei-Jane Tsai, Wen-Chien Ko
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Care of acute myocardial infarction by nonivasive and invasive cardiologist: Procedure use, cost and outcome
Authors: Thomas G. Di Salvo, Sumita D. Paul, Donald Lloyd-Jones, A.J. Conrad Smith, Geraldo Villarreal-Levy, Vitasta Bamezai, Syed Iftikhas Hussain, Kim A. Eagle, Patrick T. O'Gara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The First Year of Life
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background:</h3> Three African Health Initiative (AHI) partnership projects in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Mozambique implemented strategies to improve the quality and evaluation of routinely collected data at the primary health care level and stimulate its use in evidence-based decision making. We compare how these programs designed and carried out data for decision-making (DDM) strategies, elaborate on barriers and facilitators to implementation success, and offer recommendations for future DDM programming. <h3>Methods:</h3> Researchers from each project collaboratively wrote a cross-country protocol based on these objectives. By adapting the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) through a qualitative theme reduction process, they harmonized lines of inquiry on the design of the respective DDM strategies and the barriers and facilitators of effective implementation. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders from the primary health care systems in each country, and we carried out multistage, thematic analyses using a deductive lens. <h3>Results:</h3> Effective implementation of DDM depended on whether implementers felt that DDM was adaptable to context, feasible to trial, and easy to introduce and maintain. The prevailing policy and political environment in the wider health system, learning climate and absorptive capacity for evidence-based change in DDM settings, engagement of external change agents and internal change leaders, and promotion of opportunities and means for team-based reflection and evaluations of what works influenced the success or failure of DDM strategies. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Opportunities for team-based capacity building and individual mentorship led to effective DDM programming. External policies and associated incentives bolstered this but occasionally led to unintended consequences. Leadership engagement and availability of resources to act on recommendations; respond to capacity-building needs; and facilitate collaborations between peers, within hierarchies, and across the local health system proved crucial to DDM, as was encouraging adaptation and opportunities for iterative on-the-job learning.
OPERATIONS FOR THE RADICAL CURE OF HERNIA IN EARLY INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association at Nashville, Tenn., May 20, 1890.
Authors: THOMAS H. MANLEY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

My object in submitting this article to the Section of Surgery is with a view, mostly, of presenting a few notes on a small number of cases in which, during the past four months, I performed operations for the cure of hernia, besides to offer a few comments on such cases as come within the scope of such operation. I am particularly desirous of obtaining the views of several surgeons as to the desirability of doing a celotomy in early life, and their opinions as to the temporary or permanent character of such a cure as is wrought by modern surgical methods. My cases are seven in number, all boys, the oldest seven years and the youngest three weeks; no history of heredity or injury in any of them. In every instance the protrusion was discovered shortly after birth. In none of them could a truss be worn with comfort,
REPORT OF A CASE OF VINCENT'S ANGINA AND STOMATITIS.
Authors: G C Crandall
Journal: JAMA (1904)

This infection of the throat and mouth, as described by those who have reported cases, is characterized by a membranous, ulcerative process, quite painful, but with slight systemic reaction—the lesions, especially of the mouth, usually healing slowly; the secretion, pseudo-membrane and tissue beneath containing a fusiform bacillus associated, as a rule, with a spirillum. As comparatively few cases of Vincent's angina have been reported in this country, the following case will be of interest: <h3>History.</h3> —Patient, male, single, 23 years old, medical student, family history good, always having been well except for an attack of measles and of typhoid fever some years ago. No venereal disease. He had never suffered from sore throat nor sore mouth of any kind, and his teeth were unusually good. The first indication of the disease which he observed appeared one morning at breakfast when he noticed that swallowing hot coffee caused some pain in
Extent of three-dimensional applical reverse remodeling during endoventricular circular patch plasty (DOR procedure) for anterior left ventricular aneurysm predicts the degree of global function improvement
Authors: Zheng Liu, Francis Pagani, Jude Dalton, Andrew Wechsler, Patrick Coon, Amy Loyd, John Entwistle, Mani A. Vannan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Treatment of elderly patients (≥60 years) with newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia. Results of the Italian multicenter group GIMEMA with ATRA and idarubicin (AIDA) protocols
Authors: F Mandelli, R Latagliata, G Avvisati, P Fazi, F Rodeghiero, F Leoni, M Gobbi, F Nobile, E Gallo, R Fanin, S Amadori, M Vignetti, G Fioritoni, F Ferrara, A Peta, R Giustolisi, G Broccia, M C Petti, F Lo-Coco
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Polyvinyl Chloride in Fires
Authors: W. R. SORENSON
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article "Polyvinyl Chloride Toxicity in Fires" by Dyer and Esch (235:393-397, 1976) contains a number of factual errors and certain misleading inferences. In three places, the combustion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is said to produce chlorine and phosgene. In fact, these two materials have never been demonstrated to occur in the pyrolysis or combustion of PVC (<i>Journal of Polymer Science</i>8:1887-1890, 1970;<i>Journal of Applied Polymer Science</i>13:377-391,1969;<i>British Polymer Journal</i>3:186-193, 1971;<i>Journal of Applied Chemistry</i>17:366, 1967). The authors point out, correctly, that hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide are the main toxic combustion products of PVC but tie these to possible toxic synergy with chlorine or phosgene. It is wrong to raise the specter of toxicants which are not really there. In another instance, vinyl chloride is said to be produced. In work by Boettner et al (<i>Journal of Applied Polymer Science</i>13:377-391, 1969),
Comments on Final Report of the AIO Colorectal Cancer Group Study: Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin Versus Capecitabine/Oxaliplatin
Authors: Thomas Buechele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

were comparable.This led to the cautious recommendation that routine laparoscopic anterior resection for rectal cancer was not justified at that time.The CLASICC data have now matured and at 3 years' follow-up the observed difference in CRM positivity following anterior resection has not translated into a difference in local recurrence rates.It is accepted that CLASICC was not designed to detect a difference in outcomes for rectal cancer and that the data presented are from subgroup analysis.However, the CIs around the difference in local recurrence rates (difference in local recurrence rates ϭ Ϫ0.8%; 95% CI, Ϫ8.8% to 7.2%) suggest that there is unlikely to be a clinically relevant difference between the arms.As 95% of recurrences present within 3 years of surgery, it might have been expected that, at least, a nonsignificant trend to increased local recurrence would have been observed in the laparoscopic arm, had this been the case.We acknowledge that the number of anterior resections with a positive CRM was small (laparoscopic AR: 16 of 129; open AR: four of 64) and that further follow-up is required to ensure that a difference does not emerge in the longer term.However, until other randomized trials of laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery are reported, the CLASICC study remains the largest randomized trial from which any conclusions can be drawn.The authors share W.P. Ceelen's enthusiasm for total mesorectal excision (TME) and have previously highlighted the importance of performing high-quality laparoscopic TME, particularly in the preservation of postoperative sexual and bladder function. 3However, we believe that it is time to embrace the advantages of new technology, and to complement training in open TME with similar high quality training in laparoscopic TME.If this can be achieved, it is likely that the previously high conversion rates observed with laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery can be reduced with corresponding improvements in quality of life.We confirm our support for laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery, with the caveat that surgeons must be suitably trained in the performance of high-quality laparoscopic TME.
Duration of Therapy in Management of Gonorrhea
Authors: Lynn T. Staheli
Journal: JAMA (1964)

GONOCOCCAL URETHRITIS is the third most frequently reported communicable disease in the US. Approximately a quarter million cases are reported annually in the US alone and estimates of the true incidence range from five to ten times this number. 1 The use of penicillin has not resulted in a decrease in the overall incidence of gonorrhea, but it has been highly effective in the treatment of the individual case. Increasingly frequent reports of failures with penicillin therapy have appeared in the medical literature. Although it is recognized that the possibility of unadmitted cases of reinfection complicates the evaluation of these presumed failures, the increasing rate of infection by penicillin-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been repeatedly demonstrated. In an attempt to maintain effective treatment of gonorrhea both the dose and the duration of therapy have been increased. The value of increasing the dose of penicillin to control relatively penicillin-resistant strains
Comparison of in vivo airway responsiveness and in vitro smooth muscle sensitivity to methacholine in man.
Authors: J A Roberts, D Raeburn, I W Rodger, N C Thomson
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Airway responsiveness to methacholine varies between normal people and is increased in patients with asthma. The importance of airway smooth muscle sensitivity in determining in vivo responsiveness is unknown. We have examined this question by comparing in vivo airway responsiveness with in vitro airway smooth muscle sensitivity to methacholine in 10 patients undergoing thoracic surgery. In vivo responsiveness was determined by administration of inhalations of doubling concentrations of methacholine. Results were expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) causing a decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second of 20% (PC20FEV1), specific airway conductance of 35% (PC35SGaw), and maximal expiratory flow at 35% vital capacity, measured for the partial (V35(p)) and complete (V35(c)) flow volume curves, of 35% (PC35V35(p); PC35V35(c)). In vitro airway smooth muscle sensitivity was determined from specimens obtained at thoracotomy. Log dose-response curves to methacholine were constructed and the concentration causing a 50% maximum contraction (EC50) was derived. There were differences between patients for both in vivo airway responsiveness and in vitro smooth muscle sensitivity to methacholine. There were no significant relationships between the in vivo and in vitro measurements. The results suggest that factors other than solely the sensitivity of smooth muscle must determine in vivo airway responsiveness to methacholine.
Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci Resistant to Erythromycin and Lincomycin
Authors: Eugene Sanders, Malcolm T. Foster, Duke Scott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

In a 17-month-old girl an upper-respiratory-tract infection acutely developed. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were found on throat culture. She was treated with erythromycin. No clinical improvement was noted, and streptococci were repeatedly isolated. The infecting organism, identified as serologic Group A, Type 12, was resistant to erythromycin, lincomycin and tetracycline. Similar organisms were recovered from four of the patient's contacts in the community. Therefore, determination of the in vitro susceptibility of Group A streptococci to these drugs appears advisable whenever their use is contemplated, and imperative when the infection threatens life or late sequelae appear likely.
Therapy of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bernard Levin, Christopher Amos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It is a major cause of death from cancer in eastern Asia, especially China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, and Korea, and sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, and Mozambique.1 The annual number of deaths worldwide is estimated to exceed 250,000. Although much less common in North America, hepatocellular carcinoma is responsible for approximately 12,000 deaths per year in the United States. About half the patients in the United States have regional or distant spread at the time of diagnosis. The five-year survival rate among white patients increased from 2 . . .
HEMATURIA FOLLOWING THE USE OF HEPARIN
Authors: Eugene L. Richmond
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Since the recent report of Crafoord and Jorpes<sup>1</sup>of Stockholm, Sweden, the use of heparin prophylactically to prevent the formation of thrombosis has been stimulated and accelerated. They reported the use of more than 30,000 doses of heparin given intravenously in from 50 to 100 mg. doses without fatality and without any apparent drawbacks. They conclude that "evidently the treatment is quite harmless." The harmlessness of artificially producing a hemorrhagic diathesis by prolonging the coagulation time is not borne out in the case reported here. Massive hematuria with the use of heparin had not been reported previously. Ershler and Blaisdell<sup>2</sup>reported the first occurrence of hematuria in a patient with cavernous sinus thrombosis treated with sulfathiazole and heparin in whom the renal damage was not due to sulfathiazole crystals. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A girl aged 13 years was admitted to St. Vincent Hospital with a provisional diagnosis of
β-Blockers and Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Franz H. Messerli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 August 1996β-Blockers and Sudden Cardiac DeathFranz H. Messerli, MDFranz H. Messerli, MDOchsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-4-199608150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After reviewing more than 400 original and review articles, Kendall and colleagues [1] recently concluded that “of all the therapies currently available for the prevention of sudden cardiac death none is more established or more effective than β-blockers.” One month after this review was published, Hoes and colleagues [2] reported the results of a case–control study of 257 patients who had died suddenly while receiving drug therapy for hypertension and of 257 controls who were also receiving drug therapy for hypertension. Hoes and colleagues concluded that the use of β-blockers is associated with an increased risk for ...References1. Kendall MJ, Lynch KP, Hjalmarson [42], Kjekshus J. β-blockers and sudden cardiac death. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:358-67. Google Scholar2. Hoes AW, Grobbee DE, Lubsen J, Veld AJ, van der Does E, Hofman A. Diuretics, β-blockers, and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:481-7. Google Scholar3. Prichard BN, Gillam PM. Use of propranolol (Inderal) in treatment of hypertension. Br Med J. 1964; 2:725-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1996Volume 125, Issue 4Page: 349KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionAntihypertensive drug therapyArrhythmiaBiomarkersBlood pressureCardiovascular therapyDrug therapyHypertensionRandomized trialsSudden cardiac death Issue Published: 15 August 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Defective antigen presentation and novel structural properties of DR1 from an HLA haplotype associated with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
Authors: J E Davis, R R Rich, M Van, H V Le, M S Pollack, R G Cook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We have segregated DR1+ individuals into two categories according to whether or not their class II+ cells stimulated T lymphocyte clones specific for or restricted to DR1. In a majority of cases (87%), failure to stimulate was a property of cells having the B14;DR1 haplotype and/or nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Absence of clonal proliferation could not be explained by release of an intercellular suppressor factor or by stimulator cell absorption of interleukin 2. Homozygous cells inheriting both stimulatory (DR1n) and nonstimulatory (DR1x) haplotypes did not successfully mediate clonal expansion, implying that a trans acting factor operates intracellularly to modify both DR1 alleles or their products. Other DR alleles did not appear to be affected as evidence by normal proliferative responses of T lymphocyte clones restricted to DR2 or DR7 and stimulated by DR1x,2 and DR1x,7 cells, respectively. By two-dimensional gel analysis, we have further identified a 50-kD surface glycoprotein contained in anti-DR immunoprecipitates of DR1x, but not DR1n or non-DR1 cellular lysates. This 50-kD structure had antigenic and peptide identity to DR alpha and beta chains but was resistant to dissociation under conditions that normally separate DR alpha and beta (8 M urea plus 5% 2-mercaptoethanol); boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate was required to segregate the component polypeptides of the 50-kD heterodimer. We postulate that a product of a novel combinatorial association between constitutive chains of DR may interfere with or compete for normal T cell receptor recognition of DR1 as both an alloantigen and a restricting element. We further propose that gene abnormalities within the class III region of a haplotype associated with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency may extend into the DR subregion of the major histocompatibility complex with consequent aberrations in DR1 presentation.
“Spandrels of the night?”
Authors: Gary Lynch, Laura Lee Colgin, Linda Palmer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Vertes &amp; Eastman argue against the popular idea that dreams promote memory consolidation and suggest instead that REM provides periodic endogenous stimulation during sleep. Although we suspect that much of the debate on the function of dreams reflects a too eager acceptance of the “adaptationist program,” we nonetheless support the position of the authors and propose a specific advantage of periodic REM activity. [Vertes &amp; Eastman]
The Gastric Disorder in Immunoglobulin-Deficient Patients
Authors: JEREMIAH J. TWOMEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Evidence of a pernicious-anemia-like disorder was found in 4 out of 10 unselected immunoglobulin-deficient patients; a fifth patient had gastric acid and intrinsic factor secretory failure but did not have histological evidence of atrophic gastritis. Parietal cell and intrinsic factor serum antibodies were not detected. These findings indicate immunoglobulin-deficient patients have an increased prevalence of gastric disease, which adds a further association between the gut and the antibody-producing system. A further association is also made between atrophic gastritis and immunologic disease, and it is indicated that detectable levels of specific serum antibodies are not essential for the development of atrophic gastritis.
Symbolism and Sacredness of Human Parthenotes
Authors: Zubin Master, G. K. D. Crozier
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This work was in part supported by a grant from the Stem Cell Network. We thank Timothy Caulfield for valuable input on the commentary. Zubin Master thanks Eric Laperrière for interesting discussions about life.