tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-168 Is There A Relationship Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms And Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth?
Authors: JR Hayman, G Pickering, DS Sanders
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth (SBBO) has recently been proposed to be prevalent in patients with diarrhoea predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D). However prevalence figures in studies have varied widely dependant on the diagnostic test used, with low prevalence rates of 4% using jejunal aspirate and culture, to between 38–84% using hydrogen breath tests. This study used the Glucose Hydrogen and Methane Breath Test (GHBT) to determine if there was a relationship between patients with IBS-D symptoms and SBBO. Concurrently any clinical features or baseline laboratory investigations indicative of a high likelihood of SBBO was investigated. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective analysis of patient hospital records for patients referred to a tertiary GI Physiology Department at Sheffield Teaching Hospitals (STH) between January 1988–2013 for a routine GHBT was conducted. Data was split into two groups. Group 1 included all patients demographics referred for a GHBT (1998–2010) to investigate characteristics predictive of SBBO. Group 2 included patients who fulfilled ROME III criteria for IBS-D who underwent a GHBT (2010–2012). A positive result for SBBO was defined as a rise in hydrogen or methane levels of ≥10 ppm over baseline levels. <h3>Results</h3> In group 1 786 patients were identified (276 male, mean age 54). Overall 175/786 (22.3%) tests were positive. Laboratory investigations and patient characteristics predictive of a positive result were low vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (p &lt; 0.001), low albumin &lt;30g/dL (p &lt; 0.001), concurrent use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) (p = 0.002), previous Bilroth II gastroenterostomy (p &lt; 0.001), previous vagotomy (p &lt; 0.001), right hemi-colectomy (p = 0.003), coeliac disease (p &lt; 0.001), and small bowel Crohn’s disease (p = 0.04) and age over 65 years (p &lt; 0.001). Symptoms predictive of a positive GHBT included diarrhoea (p = 0.03) and weight loss (p &lt; 0.01). In group 2 135/834 patients fulfilled ROME III criteria for IBS-D (42 male, mean age 43 years). Overall 26/135 (19.3%) tests were positive. A significant correlation was found between patients with IBS-D symptoms and SBBO (p = 0.01). Characteristics predictive of SBBO in IBS-D patients were previous small bowel surgery (p = 0.04) and blind loop syndrome (p = 0.04). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has further highlighted the proposed relationship of IBS-D symptoms and an increased prevalence of SBBO. In IBS-D patients factors predictive of SBBO were previous small bowel surgery and blind loop syndrome. For the sub-cohort of patients attending for a GHBT factors predictive of SBBO were patient age (≥65 years), diarrhoea, weight loss, use of a PPI, previous Bilroth II gastroenterostomy, previous vagotomy, right hemi-colectomy, coeliac disease, small bowel Crohn’s disease, low Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and low albumin. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Pen Pusher's Paresthesia
Authors: Mark Hauswald
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several months after accepting a part clinical, part administrative post with the federal government, a 32-year-old physician noted an area of anesthesia on his right, dominant, middle (long) finger. The area extended along the radial side of the finger from just distal to the distal joint to just proximal to the tip. In this region, two-point discrimination had decreased to approximately 1 cm. On reflection, the physician realized that the anesthesia started at the point where a pen crossed the digital nerve while writing. Holding the pen with the fingertip improved the symptoms but caused a corresponding decrease in penmanship. The symptoms vanished after the physician took a nonadministrative position. Although this syndrome seems to be previously unreported, we suspect that it is fairly common and should be looked for in those lower-level bureaucrats who are unable to afford either full-time secretaries or word processors.
Activity of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Rare Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations
Authors: Tommaso De Pas, Francesca Toffalorio, Michela Manzotti, Caterina Fumagalli, Gianluca Spitaleri, Chiara Catania, Angelo Delmonte, Monica Giovannini, Lorenzo Spaggiari, Filippo de Braud, Massimo Barberis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
A Study in Teen-Age Pregnancy
Authors: HRAIR M. BABIKIAN, ADILA GOLDMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors report a study of 15 pregnant teen-age girls aimed at describing their characteristics, identifying the forces contributing to the pregnancy, and delineating the girls' special treatment needs. Among the most consistent findings were chaotic early life experiences, leading to poor structuralization of the ego, and superego deficits. Helping the girls develop ego functions, encouraging appropriate aspirations, and providing assistance in achieving goals seemed to be the most appropriate areas for psychiatric intervention.
Preparation, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of physostigmine-loaded poly(ortho ester) and poly(ortho ester)/poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) blend microspheres fabricated by spray drying
Authors: Ling Wang, Cheng-Shu Chaw, Yi-Yan Yang, Shabbir M Moochhala, Bin Zhao, Steve Ng, Jorge Heller
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Views of elderly patients and their relatives on cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: R Morgan, D King, C Prajapati, J Rowe
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Recent guidelines suggested that cardiopulmonary resuscitation should not be given (a) when a patient competent to give informed consent does not wish to have it, (b) when a patient is not competent to give consent and resuscitation is considered to be against his or her best interests, or (c) when resuscitation would probably not be successful.'Attempts are made, however, to resuscitate patients with little prospect of recovery,2 and few doctors in Britain ascertain whether a patient wishes to be resuscitated.We explored doctors' views on resuscitation and determined if it was possible to ask patients whether they would wish to be resuscitated.
Prevention of Functional Impairment by Endarterectomy for Symptomatic High-grade Carotid Stenosis
Authors: R. B. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine whether carotid endarterectomy prevents deterioration of functional status among patients with transient ischemic attacks or nondisabling strokes and ipsilateral carotid stenosis of 70% to 99%.Multicentered randomized controlled trial with an average 18-month follow-up.Fifty clinical centers in North America.A total of 659 patients presenting with recent transient attacks of nondisabling stroke and ipsilateral atherosclerotic carotid stenosis of 70% to 99% were included. Patients were stable neurologically at the time of entry. No patient was lost to follow-up.Vascular surgeons and neurosurgeons were prescreened for low perioperative complication rates. Patients were randomly allocated to carotid endarterectomy plus continuing medical care (n = 328) or medical care alone (n = 331), including antiplatelet therapy.All patients were assessed by neurologists for the occurrence of stroke and functional status at scheduled intervals after entry.In addition to a previously reported risk reduction for ipsilateral stroke for patients assigned to carotid endarterectomy, there was an absolute risk reduction (and relative risk reduction [RRR]) for functional status impairment of 5.6% (RRR, 69%) for vision, 4.6% (RRR, 87%) for comprehension of language, 8.3% (RRR, 88%) for fluency of speech, 4.3% (RRR, 84%) for swallowing, 6.0% (RRR, 53%) for lower-limb function, 9.3% (RRR, 75%) for upper-limb function, 7.4% (RRR, 60%) for shopping, and 10.5% (RRR, 50%) for visiting outside usual residence (P < .05, two-tailed, for all items).Carotid endarterectomy reduced the risk for impairment of function among patients with recent symptomatic cerebral ischemia and ipsilateral high-grade carotid stenosis.
Relevance of Assessment of Cognitions during Panic Attacks in the Treatment of Panic Disorder
Authors: Abraham Bakker, Philip Spinhoven, Anton J.L.M. van Balkom, Richard van Dyck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

In this paper the effects of cognitive therapy on the belief in causal catastrophic misinterpretations (CCMs) of bodily sensations in panic disorder patients were studied.CCMs were formulated at the start of treatment and assessed at every treatment session for credibility during panic attacks and during that session. The relation between the belief in CCMs and other measures of panic was also studied. Sixty-six patients rated their belief in 1-3 CCMs during treatment with cognitive therapy. They also filled in questionnaires (ACQ and BSQ) at the start and end of treatment and kept a panic diary.The belief in CCMs diminished significantly in the course of treatment. A significant correlation between panic frequency and belief in CCMs during panic attacks, but not during treatment sessions, was found. Relations between improvement in panic frequency, ACQ- and BSQ-scores on the one hand and belief in CCMs on the other, also revealed significant correlations with belief ratings during panic attacks only.Especially ratings of belief during panic attacks are important in assessing the outcome of cognitive therapy in panic disorder. This measure can be considered as a severity measure. Belief in CCMs during treatment sessions seems to have little clinical significance.
Modifying risk of lung cancer by changing smoking habits.
Authors: P R Burch
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Metals such as cobalt and nickel are common contact allergens. We studied the mechanisms underlying an allergic reaction with marked synovial inflammation in a patient with a cobalt alloy arthroplasty. After removing the joint prosthesis the adjacent synovial tissue was examined for cobalt-specific T lymphocytes. Synovial membrane mononuclear cells were expanded in interleukin 2 and cloned using a representative cloning protocol. T cell clones were tested for their proliferative response to cobalt and further characterized with regard to cytokine secretion, phenotype, and HLA restriction. Additionally, synovial fibroblasts were tested for their function as antigen presenting cells (APC). Almost 30% of the T cell clones reacted to cobalt, but not to the control nickel. All these T cell clones were CD4 positive. The cobalt induced proliferative response could be blocked by anticlass II antibodies. Also, synovial fibroblasts expressing class II molecules induced by interferon-gamma were able to serve as APC. However, when testing a panel of APC of HLA class II mismatched donors, no requirement for a certain HLA class II molecule could be defined. Further studies are necessary to determine mechanisms of presentation and recognition of cobalt by T lymphocytes, a prerequisite for improved prevention and treatment of metal induced allergic reactions.
Elastin and collagen degradation products in urine of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: P J Stone, M W Konstan, M Berger, H L Dorkin, C Franzblau, G L Snider
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Elastin degradation has been reported to be increased in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In order to further explore evidence for elastin degradation in a group of 18 patients with CF with a wide range of disease severity, we used an isotope dilution method to measure urinary desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDES), amino acids derived exclusively from cross-linked elastin, and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) and lysylpyridinoline (LP), amino acids derived exclusively from cross-linked collagen. Urinary DES and IDES (mean +/- SD) were 23.9 +/- 30.7 and 18.5 +/- 22.4 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively, in the patients with CF versus 7.5 +/- 1.7 and 6.8 +/- 1.4 micrograms/g creatinine, respectively, in 10 healthy control subjects (p < 0.001); only two patients with CF had DES values within the control range. The values of urinary HP and LP in the CF group were 54.9 +/- 39.1 and 12.3 +/- 8.6 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, versus 24.5 +/- 5.8 and 5.1 +/- 2.7 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, in the controls (p < 0.005). Both HP and LP were highly correlated (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001). Patients with CF had active pulmonary inflammation; neutrophils were abundant in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the CF group and correlated with elastase activity measured with methoxysuccinyl Ala-Ala-Pro-Val paranitroanilide (r = 0.61, p < 0.05). Airway neutrophils had decreased expression of the complement receptor CR1 (CR1/CR3 of 0.17 +/- 0.15 versus 1.0 for blood neutrophils), a change known to be caused by uninhibited neutrophil elastase. We conclude that lung elastin is the most likely source of the increased DES and IDES in CF.
Transfusion‐associated AIDS
Authors: Herbert A. Perkins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease (AIDS) may be transmitted by transfusion of blood components, although the risk remains extremely small. This report reviews the evidence for transmission by transfusion, the risk in several different situations, and the steps blood banks have taken to prevent transfusion of blood from donors at risk for AIDS. A test for the antibody to the virus responsible for AIDS (HTLV‐III) will shortly be in routine use in blood banks, but the frequency with which the results will be falsely negative or falsely positive in a blood donor population remains to be established.
Reply to Girelli et al.
Authors: J.-F. Rey
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The letter from Girelli et al. [1] represents a new and important report concerning the potential contraindications of capsule endoscopy (apart from the esophageal capsule). We can conclude that implanted cardiovascular electromagnetic devices are not a contraindication to investigation of patients using the M2A capsule endoscope (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel).
The Purpose of Survival: Is It Cognitive Development?-Reply
Authors: Frank A. Chervenak
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate Dr Staub's letter for the courage and sensitivity with which she describes the short life of her son. We emphasize that Dr Staub's decision about the management of her son's care was certainly justified. The purpose of our article was not to claim that parents who make such decisions are unjustified in doing so. Instead, our purpose was to establish that nonaggressive management of pregnancies defined by strict criteria is a justified alternative and should be presented to pregnant women in those cases. In short, a woman whose pregnancy is complicated by such anomalies has an alternative to aggressive management—nonaggressive management.
Education and dementia
Authors: M. Orrell, B. Sahakian
Journal: BMJ (1995)

As long ago as the 2nd century BC poets and philosophers considered that an active mental life might forestall or delay the enfeeblement of old age.1 In “De Senecute” Cicero suggested that old men preserved their intellects if they preserved their interests—”the use it or lose it” hypothesis.2 In this week's journal a population based study reports that in elderly people a low level of education was associated with a higher prevalence of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (p 970).3 In addition, several recent studies have indicated that education may protect against dementia.4 5 6 7 Bonaiuto et al found that the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease was 7.2% among illiterate people, 2.8% among those whose education had ceased at the fifth grade, and 0.5% among those who had studied in the fifth grade or over.5

Jorm suggested that people with high socioeconomic status might have a greater resistance to the effects of the dementing process, either because their better premorbid intellect reflected a higher level of neural reserve or because they tended to seek more stimulating environments, which helped to prevent a decline in cognitive skills.8 Other studies, however, found no link between education and the diagnosis …
Identification of Genetic Variants in Endothelial Lipase in Persons With Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Authors: Andrew S. deLemos, Megan L. Wolfe, Christopher J. Long, Rasheeta Sivapackianathan, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, and variation in HDL-C levels has been shown to be approximately 50% heritable. Overexpression of endothelial lipase (EL), a member of the lipoprotein lipase gene family, markedly reduces HDL-C levels in mouse models. We hypothesized that genetic variation in EL might be associated with elevated HDL-C.All exons and 1.2 kilobase of promoter of the EL gene were sequenced in 20 unrelated human subjects with high HDL-C levels. A total of 17 variants were identified. Six of these were potentially functional and were confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis. Four variants result in amino acid changes (Gly26Ser, Thr111Ile, Thr298Ser, and Asn396Ser,) and 2 variants were in the promoter (-303A/C and -410C/G). The genotype frequencies of each variant were determined in 176 black controls, 165 white controls, and 123 whites with high HDL-C. The Thr111Ile variant was the most common, with an allele frequency of 10.3% in blacks, 31.2% in white controls, and 32.6% in the high HDL-C group. The remaining variants all had allele frequencies <5.0% but differed in frequency among the 3 groups. Interestingly, Gly26Ser, Thr298Ser, and -303A/C were found in the black and high HDL-C white cohorts but were absent in the control white group.Six new potentially functional variants in EL were discovered through sequencing of the EL gene in subjects with high HDL-C levels. Differences in allele frequencies exist between blacks and whites and between control subjects and those with high HDL-C levels.
Case of Tetanus Infantum
Authors: I. Harrinson
Journal: BMJ (1860)

taken every hour, and one-twelfth of a grain of tartar emetic every two hours.These remedies were ordered about nine o'clock in the evening.November 29th.The symptoms had quite disappeared.The medicine made the child vomit once, about twenty-fotur hours after she began to take it.To-day she was ordered to take the remedies only half as frequently as on admission.Novernber 30th.She appeared to be free from all danger, and was discharged, cured.REIiMA.IIKS.Of these six cases, it will be observed that the only one which ended fatally was that in which tracheotomy was performed, and the dyspncea was never so urgent in this case as in that of Payne, who recovered.According to Mr. Wright of Nottingham, who is a surgeon of great experience, tracheotomy in scalds of the glottis almost invariably results in death; and the treatment by leeching, calomel, and anti-
New High-Risk Criteria for CVD in Women
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highwire Regulates Presynaptic BMP Signaling Essential for Synaptic Growth
Authors: Brian D McCabe, Sabrina Hom, Hermann Aberle, Richard D Fetter, Guillermo Marques, Theodore E Haerry, Hong Wan, Michael B O'Connor, Corey S Goodman, A.Pejmun Haghighi
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Speckle Tracking and Real Time Three Dimensional Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Selen Yurdakul, Fatma Öner, Şükrü Taylan Şahin, Betül Cengiz, Ayşen Bozkurt, Gültekin Ercan, Haner Direskeneli, Saide Aytekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Ets protein Spi-B is expressed exclusively in B cells and T cells during development.
Authors: G H Su, H S Ip, B S Cobb, M M Lu, H M Chen, M C Simon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Spi-B and PU.1 are hematopoietic-specific transcription factors that constitute a subfamily of the Ets family of DNA-binding proteins. Here we show that contrary to previous reports, PU.1 and Spi-B have very different expression patterns. PU.1 is expressed at high levels in B cells, mast cells, megakaryocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and immature erythroid cells and at lower levels in mature erythrocytes. PU.1 is completely absent from peripheral T cells and most T cell lines based on sensitive RT-PCR assays. In contrast, Spi-B is expressed exclusively in lymphoid cells and can be detected in early fetal thymus and spleen. In situ hybridizations of adult murine tissues demonstrate Spi-B mRNA in the medulla of the thymus, the white pulp of the spleen, and the germinal centers of lymph nodes. Spi-B expression is very abundant in B cells and both Spi-B mRNA and protein are detected in some T cells. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis suggest that Spi-B gene expression increases during B cell maturation and decreases during T cell maturation. Gel-retardation experiments show that Spi-B can bind to all putative PU.1 binding sites, but do not reveal any preferred Spi-B binding site. Finally, both PU.1 and Spi-B function as transcriptional activators of the immunoglobulin light-chain enhancer E lambda 2.4 when coexpressed with Pip (PU.1-interaction partner) in NIH-3T3 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that differences in patterns of expression between Spi-B and PU.1 distinguish the function of each protein during development of the immune system.
P16 ‘IN VIVO’ MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY WITH HYPERPOLARIZED PYRUVATE EARLY DETECTS LACTATE FORMATION IN ALF RATS
Authors: L. Chavarria, J. Romero-Giménez, E. Monteagudo, S. Lope-Piedrafita, J. Genesca, J. Cordoba
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)