tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
259 Endothelial progenitor cells contribute to neovascularization in liver regeneration after liver injury
Authors: E TANIGUCHI, T TORIMURA, M KIN, M HARADA, R KUMASHIRO, T UENO, M SATA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Endothelial cells form the inner lining of blood and lymphatic vessels. In mice, only tumors of the blood vessel endothelium (haemangiomas) have been thus far reported. Here we describe a highly reproducible method for the induction of benign tumors of the lymphatic endothelial cells (lymphangiomas) in mice by intraperitoneal injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Morphological and histopathological studies of the lesions revealed the presence of cells at various levels of vascular development. The lymphangiomas developed in the peritoneal cavity and expressed the endothelial markers CD31/PECAM (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule), CD54/ICAM-1 (InterCellular Adhesion Molecule-1), and CD102/ICAM-2, as well as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1, the endothelial cell specific receptors Tie-1 and Tie-2 and the lymphatic endothelial cell specific Flt4 receptor as shown byin situhybridization. The Flk-1 and Flt4 receptors were also identified in immunoblots of the tumors and in cells cultured from them. When induced in β-galactosidase knock-in Flt4+/−mice, the tumor endothelia could be stained blue in a number of tumor cells although the staining was of lower intensity than in normal lymphatic vessels. The tumor-derived cells could be propagatedin vitroand they spontaneously differentiated, forming vessel-like structures. Murine lymphangiomas thus represent a highly reproducible and convenient source of lymphatic endothelial cells.
Macrophage function in cirrhosis and the risk of bacterial infection
Authors: Carlos Guarner, Bruch A. Runyon
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Background. Bacterial infection is a frequent and often fatal complication in patients with cirrhosis. Macro-phages play an important part in the host defense against infection because their Fcγ receptors recognize antibody-coated bacteria. Methods. We prospectively studied macrophage Fcγ-receptor function in vivo and in vitro in 49 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, 10 alcoholics without cirrhosis, and 20 normal volunteers. Results. The clearance of IgG-sensitized autologous red cells was decreased in 37 of the 49 patients with cirrhosis but in none of the subjects without cirrhosis. In the 49 patients clearance was inhibited by a mean (±SE) of 47 ± 3 percent at 1 hour and 53 ± 3 percent at 1 1/2 hours, as compared with the clearance in the normal controls ( P &lt; 0.001). The impairment of macrophage Fcγ-receptor-dependent clearance correlated with the degree of liver insufficiency but not with age, sex, nutritional status, HLA haplotype, or the presence of circulating immune complexes. The clearance of unsensitized and heat-altered autologous erythrocytes was normal. In vitro recognition of IgG-sensitized red cells by monocytes from the patients was not significantly decreased. During a two-year follow-up period, 11 patients had severe bacterial infections, and in 4 they were fatal. The mean clearance of IgG-sensitized red cells in these 11 patients (half-time, 126.2 ± 22 hours) was significantly impaired, as compared with that in the 38 patients without severe infection (half-time, 32.2 ± 18 hours, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions. The function of macrophage Fcγ receptors is impaired in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and this impairment probably contributes to the high incidence of bacterial infections among such patients. (N Engl J Med 1994;331:1122-1128.)
Hyperkalemia in Renal Failure
Authors: Philip R. Steinmetz
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A HIGH potassium concentration in the extracellular fluid is a dangerous and often early complication of renal failure. It may require treatment long before other uremic manifestations become serious, especially if the renal failure is associated with a state of rapid catabolism.  Measures, such as correction of acidosis and administration of glucose-insulin mixtures, may promote a movement of potassium ions into the cells and lower the extracellular potassium concentration temporarily, but fail to remove any potassium from the body. Peritoneal lavage and hemodialysis remove potassium effectively, but these procedures are rather formidable for the removal of a single cation from the extracellular space. Various exchange resins with affinity for potassium allow binding and removal of potassium ions without loss of a great volume of gastrointestinal content. 1-9   It is the purpose of this report to describe our experience with sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the treatment and prevention of hyperkalemia from
The use of the Gourevitch tube in unresectable strictures of the oesophagus
Authors: A. Macarthur, J. L. Mercer
Journal: Thorax (1969)

The value of permanent intubation of unresectable malignant strictures of the oesophagus is discussed. The advantages of the Gourevitch tube and the reasons for the authors9 preference for this tube are mentioned. Techniques for its insertion are given. Its use in 32 patients, including two with benign strictures, enabled excellent palliation to be obtained. On average patients lived for two and a half months following intubation. The average age of the patients intubated was 70 years. Complications have been few. All patients were swallowing satisfactorily at the time of death. The case histories of four patients in whom intubation was performed are recorded.
Abstract 1228: AV-203, a fully humanized ERBB3 inhibitory antibody, reverses ERBB3-induced resistance to targeted therapies.
Authors: Steven M. Tyler, Sylvie Vincent, Christina Fleet, Steve Bottega, Donna McIntosh, Kristan Meetze, Jeno Gyuris
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Targeted therapies have changed the treatment paradigm of cancer. Specifically, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved therapeutic responses in a number of tumor types. However, initial response to TKIs is often followed by rapid relapse due to the acquisition of molecular features that lead to resistance. ERBB3, a receptor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1) family, has been linked to the development of resistance to multiple ERBB targeting TKIs. A proposed potential mechanism is the recruitment and activation of ERBB3 as a bypass mechanism to activate PI3K dependent pro-survival pathways. We investigated whether the inhibition of ERBB3 could reverse TKI resistance linked to ERBB3 activation. AV-203 is a humanized IgG1 antibody directed against ERBB3. AV-203 potently inhibits both ligand dependent and ligand independent activation of ERBB3. AV-203 was shown to inhibit the binding of NRG1 to ERBB3 and promote ERBB3 degradation. The tumor growth inhibitory activity of AV-203 was demonstrated in numerous xenograft models representing major human carcinomas (breast, lung, ovarian, kidney and pancreas). Here, we investigated the ability of AV-203 to restore TKI sensitivity in models with activated ERBB3. First, we demonstrated that ligand mediated (NRG1) activation of ERBB3 leads to acquired resistance to the EGFR TKI erlotinib in a lung cancer model bearing EGFR TKI sensitizing mutation, to the ERBB2/HER2 inhibitor lapatinib in a HER2 amplified breast cancer model, and to the EGFR inhibitory antibody cetuximab in head and neck cancer models. AV-203 was able to restore sensitivity to these RTK inhibitors. This data suggest that the combination of AV-203, with EGFR/HER2 targeted therapies could potentially extend the efficacy of these agents by preventing the emergence of ERBB3 mediated resistance. This hypothesis will be tested in future clinical trials. AV-203 is currently in Phase I development for the treatment of solid tumors. Citation Format: Steven M. Tyler, Sylvie Vincent, Christina Fleet, Steve Bottega, Donna McIntosh, Kristan Meetze, Jeno Gyuris. AV-203, a fully humanized ERBB3 inhibitory antibody, reverses ERBB3-induced resistance to targeted therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1228
Averting Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in India through Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxation: An Economic-Epidemiologic Modeling Study
Authors: Sanjay Basu, Sukumar Vellakkal, Sutapa Agrawal, David Stuckler, Barry Popkin, Shah Ebrahim
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

In this modeling study, Sanjay Basu and colleagues estimate the potential health effects of a sugar-sweetened beverage taxation among various sub-populations in India over the period 2014 to 2023. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
The sexual transmission rate of HCV among heterosexual couples
Authors: Bart P.X. Grady, Maria Prins, Maarten Schim van der Loeff
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) is primarily transmitted by blood-to-blood contact, evidence for sexual transmission of HCV among heterosexual couples remains controversial.1 Therefore, we read with great interest the study by Terrault et al. reporting on a very low risk of sexual transmission of HCV among 500 monogamous heterosexual couples of which the index person was known to be HCV infected.2 Terrault et al. estimated the minimum and maximum heterosexual transmission rate of HCV based on couples from which the partner was infected with a concordant HCV genotype. Unfortunately, interpretation of these study results is not straightforward because of several potential biases. First, in 2.4% of the included couples, the partner had a history of injecting drug use (IDU); in these couples, it is impossible to exclude HCV infection of the partner through sharing injecting equipment. Second, the minimum HCV transmission rate was based on three HCV concordant couples with significant evidence for highly related viral strains. However, two out of three partners within these couples had a history of either IDU, snorting drug use, or sharing snorting equipment, which makes transmission through drug use more likely than sexual transmission. Therefore, this bias will have lead to an overestimation of the HCV incidence rate. Third, although this study has a cross-sectional design, the researchers report it as a cohort study without having measured the HCV infection status and determinants of interest at the beginning of the sexual relationship. To calculate the HCV incidence rate, the researchers assumed that the index cases were HCV infected before the start of their sexual relationship. However, the HCV infection of the index cases might have occurred during the current relationship. This could have resulted in an underestimation of the incidence rate because too many person-years of exposure were included. Fourth, the investigators excluded couples who had a sexual relationship shorter than 36 months, without providing any specific reason. In addition, couples who had less than three sex acts in the preceding 6 months were excluded, even though they could have had many sex acts in the preceding years. These choices may have lead to a selected study population, which might result in a biased estimate of the transmission risk. To conclude, the study by Terrault et al. is subject to several forms of bias that may have had a substantial effect on the results. Most important, because drug-use-related transmission of HCV was not conclusively excluded, this study is likely to have overestimated the incidence rate of heterosexual transmission of HCV among HCV-monoinfected individuals. BART P.X. GRADY, M.D. MARIA PRINS, PH.D. MAARTEN SCHIM VAN DER LOEFF, M.D., PH.D. Cluster of Infectious Diseases Public Health Service Amsterdam, The Netherlands
A History of Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Jerome R. Head
Journal: JAMA (1961)

At the present time there is an urgent need for medical scholars and medical historians. In this field, Dr. Richard Meade has crowned a distinguished career in thoracic surgery with this equally distinguished and thoroughly scholarly work on the history of the specialty to which he has devoted his life. It is a prototype of what should and must be done for every branch of medicine. There is no longer any danger that knowledge of or reverence for the past will stay progress as it did in Hellenistic Alexandria and Medieval Europe. The philosophy of science and the nature of truth are now too well understood. Scholarship and history, therefore, are purely valuable. As science moves farther from its sources and becomes increasingly complex, and as its literature grows more and more voluminous, the need for medical scholars has become urgent. The value of works of this kind is more
Relationship Between Myocardial Perfusion–Gated SPECT and the Performance of Coronary Revascularization in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Guillermo Romero-Farina, Jaume Candell-Riera, Santiago Aguadé-Bruix, Ignacio Ferreira-Gonzalez, Albert Igual, David García-Dorado
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) is a disease with high morbidity and mortality. There are several published studies on the evolution and prognosis of patients with ICM. However, reports on the therapeutic management in clinical practice are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze coronary revascularization (CR) performance in patients with ICM and suitable coronary anatomy according to myocardial perfusion stress-rest gated SPECT results.Eighty-seven consecutive patients (mean age, 62.4 y; 20 women), with ischemic heart disease, left ventricular ejection fraction of 40% or less, coronary anatomy suitable for CR, and without previous CR, were evaluated by means of stress-rest gated SPECT.Sixty-four percent of patients had scintigraphic criteria of viability and 62.1% showed scintigraphic ischemia in stress-rest gated SPECT. Forty-five percent of patients were revascularized, and the remainder received medical treatment only. Coronary revascularization was more frequent in patients with scintigraphic viability (P = 0.012), in those with scintigraphic ischemia (P = 0.007), and in those with low left ventricular end-systolic volume (P = 0.006). Cox regression analysis identified multivessel disease [hazard ratio (HR), 3.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4-7.8], summed difference score greater than 4 (HR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5-9.8), and left ventricular end-systolic volume less than 120 mL (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.2) as the best independent predictors of CR treatment.In patients with ICM and suitable coronary arteries who are able to perform a stress myocardial perfusion-gated SPECT, the presence of multivessel disease and myocardial ischemia and the absence of severely increased left ventricular volume were associated to a decision of CR.
Hyoscine butylbromide administered at the cecum increases polyp detection: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: C. Corte, L. Dahlenburg, W. Selby, S. Griffin, C. Byrne, T. Chua, A. Kaffes
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Removal of colonic polyps prevents progression of colonic neoplasia. Miss rates of polyps range from 5 % to 32 %. The effect of colonic contractility on polyp detection has not been studied adequately. Hyoscine butylbromide results in colonic spasmolysis and may improve polyp detection. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Patients undergoing colonoscopy for standard indications were included and randomized to receive either 20 mg hyoscine butylbromide or placebo at cecal intubation. Operators were blind to the intervention. Data on indication, preparation, sedation, colonoscope type, times of insertion/withdrawal, polyps, and failure were recorded. The primary end point was the number of polyps detected per patient. Secondary endpoints were adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate. <b>Results:</b> A total of 303 patients received hyoscine butylbromide and 298 received placebo. More polyps per patient were identified in the hyoscine group than in the placebo group (0.91 vs. 0.70; <i>P</i> = 0.044). Adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate were higher in the hyoscine arm but not significantly different (27.1 % vs. 21.8 % [<i>P</i> = 0.13] and 43.6 % vs. 36.6 % [<i>P</i> = 0.08], respectively). After adjusting for confounding variables, the odds of detecting any polyp were 1.56 higher in the hyoscine than the placebo group (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.09 – 2.21, <i>P</i> = 0.014). The adjusted odds of detecting any adenoma were 1.62 higher in the hyoscine group compared with the placebo group (95 %CI 1.09 – 2.42, <i>P</i> = 0.017). There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. No adverse colonoscopy-related events were recorded. One patient experienced transient tachycardia without sequelae. <b>Conclusions:</b> Hyoscine butylbromide administered at the cecum aids polyp detection. Further studies are required to determine the contribution of colonic spasm to polyp miss rates.
Fourth Heart Sound as a Normal Finding in Older Persons
Authors: David H. Spodick, Veronica M. Quarry-Pigott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE fourth heart sound (S4) is traditionally considered an abnormal finding, and, by its very presence, a "presystolic gallop."1 , 2 Because auscultation appeared to reveal an S4 in many older patients who were free of signs and symptoms of heart disease, we designed a prospective, completely blinded phonocardiographic investigation of 196 consecutively examined ambulatory persons 50 to 80 years of age. Diagnoses were based on history, physical examination by two physicians, electrocardiograms and chest x-ray films. The phonocardiograms were scored "S4 — yes" — or "no" in complete ignorance of the patient's status, and the diagnostic data . . .
Whooping cough in school age children presenting with persistent cough in UK primary care after introduction of the preschool pertussis booster vaccination: prospective cohort study
Authors: Kay Wang, Norman K Fry, Helen Campbell, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Timothy G Harrison, David Mant, Anthony Harnden
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Objective To estimate the prevalence and clinical severity of whooping cough (pertussis) in school age children presenting with persistent cough in primary care since the introduction and implementation of the preschool pertussis booster vaccination. Design Prospective cohort study (November 2010 to December 2012). Setting General practices in Thames Valley, UK. Participants 279 children aged 5 to 15 years who presented in primary care with a persistent cough of two to eight weeks’ duration. Exclusion criteria were cough likely to be caused by a serious underlying medical condition, known immunodeficiency or immunocompromise, participation in another clinical research study, and preschool pertussis booster vaccination received less than one year previously. Main outcome measures Evidence of recent pertussis infection based on an oral fluid anti-pertussis toxin IgG titre of at least 70 arbitrary units. Cough frequency was measured in six children with laboratory confirmed pertussis. Results 56 (20%, 95% confidence interval 16% to 25%) children had evidence of recent pertussis infection, including 39 (18%, 13% to 24%) of 215 children who had been fully vaccinated. The risk of pertussis was more than three times higher (21/53; 40%, 26% to 54%) in children who had received the preschool pertussis booster vaccination seven years or more previously than in those who had received it less than seven years previously (20/171; 12%, 7% to 17%). The risk of pertussis was similar between children who received five and three component preschool pertussis booster vaccines (risk ratio for five component vaccine 1.14, 0.64 to 2.03). Four of six children in whom cough frequency was measured coughed more than 400 times in 24 hours. Conclusions Pertussis can still be found in a fifth of school age children who present in primary care with persistent cough and can cause clinically significant cough in fully vaccinated children. These findings will help to inform consideration of the need for an adolescent pertussis booster vaccination in the United Kingdom. Study registration UK Clinical Research Network portfolio ID 8361.
Medicare and Graduate Medical Education
Authors: J K Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

After 30 years of supporting graduate medical education through open-ended payment policies that rewarded academic medical centers for producing more physicians, the federal government last year curtailed Medicare's generous commitment to subsidize the training of new doctors. At the same time, Congress reclaimed for teaching hospitals the educational funds that were embedded in Medicare's payments to managed-care organizations, most of which were not passed on to the institutions actually doing the training. These provisions and many more (some 300 in the case of Medicare alone) were contained in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, a measure signed into law last . . .
Effects of intracoronary cromakalim on postischaemic contractile function and action potential duration
Authors: A. J D'Alonzo, R. B Darbenzio, C. S Parham, G. J Grover
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Effects of intracoronary cromakalim on postischaemic contractile function and action potential duration Get access Albert J D'Alonzo, Albert J D'Alonzo Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, PO 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA: A J D'Alonzo, R B Darbenzio, C S Pamham, G J Grover. Correspondence to Dr D'Alonzo. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Raymond B Darbenzio, Raymond B Darbenzio Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, PO 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA: A J D'Alonzo, R B Darbenzio, C S Pamham, G J Grover. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles S Parham, Charles S Parham Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, PO 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA: A J D'Alonzo, R B Darbenzio, C S Pamham, G J Grover. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary J Grover Gary J Grover Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology, PO 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA: A J D'Alonzo, R B Darbenzio, C S Pamham, G J Grover. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 11, November 1992, Pages 1046–1053, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.11.1046 Published: 01 November 1992 Article history Received: 17 January 1992 Accepted: 06 May 1992 Published: 01 November 1992
Fabricius ab Aquapendente
Authors: Eric R. Sanderson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The influence of Fabricius ab Aquapendente was even greater than your editorial note would indicate (<b>198</b>:178, 1966). In his "original" description of the "Trendelenburg position," Friedrich Trendelenburg made it quite clear that he did not claim originality. He pointed out that Fabricius ab Aquapendente had ordered patients hung up by the knees and feet with the head down and the pelvis higher than the thorax. Both he and the ancients found the position conducive to the spontaneous reduction of such things as incarcerated femoral hernias. To be proper, therefore, we should refer to the "Fabricius ab Aquapendente position" rather than the "Trendelenburg position" when we lower the top end of the patient in order to get a better look in the pelvis. You will find these truths in the article by Trendelenburg, "Operations for Vesico-Vaginal Fistula and the Elevated Pelvic Position for Operations Within the Abdominal
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “The Ethical ‘Elephant’ in the Death Penalty ‘Room”’
Authors: Michael Keane
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"Response to Open Peer Commentaries on "The Ethical 'Elephant' in the Death Penalty 'Room"'." The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(10), pp. W5–W6