tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetically determined factors as predictors of radiological change in patients with early symmetrical arthritis.
Authors: P. Emery, M. Salmon, H. Bradley, P. Wordsworth, E. Tunn, P. A. Bacon, R. Waring
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether genetic factors associated with established rheumatoid arthritis could, in combination with rheumatoid factor, predict the development of radiological erosions in patients with early symmetrical (rheumatoid-like) arthritis. DESIGN--Prospective study. SETTING--Teaching hospital, early arthritis clinic. SUBJECTS--Forty nine patients with symmetrical polyarthritis attending the early arthritis clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Conserved sequence of DR beta third allelic hypervariable region, sulphoxidation capacity, rheumatoid factor, and development of radiologically determined bone erosions. RESULTS--None of the 49 patients had radiological erosions at presentation but 25 developed these by four years. Patients with the conserved class II major histocompatibility complex (third allelic hypervariable of DR beta 1) genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis had a relative risk for the development of erosions of 1.9 (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 4.5). For poor sulphoxidation the risk was 2.5 (1.1 to 5.6) and for the presence of rheumatoid factor 1.8 (0.9 to 3.7). Of the 33 patients who had two or three of these risk factors, 24 developed erosions, with a relative risk of 11.6 (1.7 to 78.5) compared with only one of the 16 individuals with no or one risk factor. CONCLUSIONS--This preliminary study shows that by using these stable markers it is possible to make clinically useful predictions of outcome in patients with early symmetrical inflammatory arthritis.
Abstract B44: Enabling in vivo visualization of cellular therapies in the clinic: Maturation of αDC1 data sets.
Authors: Brooke M. Helfer, Anthony Balducci, Julie Urban, Lisa Butterfield, Eric Ahrens, Pawel Kalinski, Amy Wesa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cellular therapies are increasingly being used in the clinic to modify a patient's immune function. Human dendritic cells (DC) have great clinical promise as an immunotherapeutic intervention against cancer, but questions concerning the dispersion and persistence of these cells, as well as correlations to therapeutic potency remain. Here we utilize a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracer agent that aims to address these questions in the assessment of α-type-1-polarized dendritic cells (αDC1). αDC1 cells, producing high levels of interleukin-12p70 with putative strong lymph node homing capabilities, have been evaluated in support of an IND incorporating post-transfer MR imaging of the therapeutic cells. Important therapeutic functions, such as cytokine production, cellular phenotype, and antigen processing are maintained. Transitioning the protocol from the laboratory into clinical production, taking into account GMP procedural changes, resulted in both maintained cellular properties and detectable signal by 3T MRI. In vivo results demonstrate the capability of MRI to detect and quantify labeled cells with a high degree of specificity. With nominal exogenous fluorine naturally present in tissue, labeled cells appear with little background. Pairing this signal with conventional proton MRI from the same imaging session, cells are able to be traced to their precise anatomical location. The MRI tracking capabilities, safety profiles, and use of 19F labeling in preclinical data sets demonstrate the ability of 19F to be used in clinical applications to strengthen the understanding of cellular therapeutics. Citation Format: Brooke M. Helfer, Anthony Balducci, Julie Urban, Lisa Butterfield, Eric Ahrens, Pawel Kalinski, Amy Wesa. Enabling in vivo visualization of cellular therapies in the clinic: Maturation of αDC1 data sets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B44.
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2013: II. Sedation, invasive and noninvasive ventilation, airways, ARDS, ECMO, family satisfaction, end-of-life care, organ donation, informed consent, safety, hematological issues in critically ill patients
Authors: Elie Azoulay, Giuseppe Citerio, Jan Bakker, Matteo Bassetti, Dominique Benoit, Maurizio Cecconi, J. Randall Curtis, Glenn Hernandez, Margaret Herridge, Samir Jaber, Michael Joannidis, Laurent Papazian, Mark Peters, Pierre Singer, Martin Smith, Marcio Soares, Antoni Torres, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Jean-François Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Frederick Charles Hurrell
Authors: C. Walker
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Air Vice-Marshal Frederick Charles Hurrell (“Freddie”) devoted his 35 year career in the Royal Air Force (RAF) to aviation medicine.

Freddie, the son of an English army officer and a Spanish mother, was born in Guernsey in 1928. From the age of 8, having lost his father in 1933, he was educated at the Royal Masonic School, Bushey, where he excelled at hockey, rugby, cricket, water polo, and athletics, playing rugby for England Schoolboys against Scotland and Wales.

He began his training at St Mary’s Hospital Medical School, Paddington, in October 1946, as one of only six schoolboys among more than 50 demobbed ex-servicemen. While there he also boxed for the hospital as a middleweight. He qualified in 1952 and then worked at Paddington Green Children’s Hospital in both medical and surgical house positions, intending to become a paediatrician.

When he was called up to do his deferred national service in 1953, he joined the RAF on a four year short service commission, and subsequently served until 1988.

For 13 years Freddie served as senior medical officer on a variety of operational flying stations in …
RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASED APPENDIX
Authors: A. Orliansky
Journal: BMJ (1930)

<h3>Background</h3> CD4 T cells have been implicated in cancer immunity for their helper functions. However, their direct cytotoxic potential remains elusive in cancer patients. Here, we aimed at assessing the presence, rate and cytotoxic function of tumor-specific Th-CTX directly in cancer patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We capitalized on published single cell transcriptomic analyses of patient samples, integrated with the direct phenotypic and functional characterization of clonal, tumor-specific CD4 T cell populations, using peptide-MHC class II multimers and a novel high-throughput single-cell cytotoxicity assay in picowell arrays. The direct tumor cell killing by cytolytic tumor-specific CD4 T cells in the arrays was monitored in a high-throughput manner by combining multi-channel time-lapse microscopy with deep neural networks. <h3>Results</h3> By mining single-cell RNA-seq datasets of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, we identified CD4 T cells displaying cytotoxic phenotypes in different human tumors. The cytolytic CD4 T cells formed a distinct cluster and expressed genes related to classical cytotoxic functions, largely resembling CD8 T cell gene profiles. Using the peptide MHC class II multimer technology, we confirmed directly ex vivo the presence of cytolytic tumor antigen-specific CD4 T cells, both in the circulation and in the tumors of patients. We performed an integrated phenotypic and functional characterization of cytolytic tumor-specific CD4 T cells, down to the single cell level, through a high-throughput nanobiochip consisting of massive arrays of picowells with sub-nanoliter volumes and machine learning. We demonstrated a direct, contact-dependent, granzyme-dependent cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, with delayed kinetics compared to classical cytotoxic lymphocytes. Lastly, we discovered that this cytotoxic activity was at least in part dependent on the expression of SLAMF7, a homophylic receptor known to regulate NK cell activity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our work provides a deep characterization of human Th-CTX in cancer and supports their role in tumor immunity. Moreover, our results showing that agonistic engagement of SLAMF7 enhances the cytolytic capacity of tumor-specific CD4 T cells, suggests that targeting these cells might prove synergistic with the use of other immunotherapies in cancer patients.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE OF ISCHEMIC LARGE ANIMAL MODELS IN STEM CELL THERAPY; AN OVERVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.
Authors: Tycho Van der Spoel, Sanne Jansen of Lorkeers, Pierfrancesco Agostoni, Eric Van Belle, Joost Sluijter, Maarten-Jan Cramer, Pieter Doevendans, Steven Chamuleau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
An Address on BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Authors: J. S. Haldane
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THE aim of Medicine is the maintenance or restoration of what we call health.It is thus our conception of what health means that is at thie root of our conception of Medicine.We recognize that health is a normal condition which tends to be maintained apart from any conscious effort to maintain it.Health is just the normal uncon- scious life of an individual, and knowledge of what, in detail, this normal life and departures from it consist in is thus essential when by conscious effort, as in practical Medicine, we seek to safeguard or restore lhealth.The Distinctive Features of Life.The phenomena observed in connexion with life are so different from those observed in what we call inorganic Nature that we give the name Biology to the science or group of sciences dealing with unconscious life, and we distiniguish Biology from the Plhysical Sciences, which deal with the inorganic aspect of Nature.Let us conisider what this difference consists in.In a living organism we find structure, arrangement of parts, and movements of tlhemii, just as ini plienomena which we interpret as inor ganic.But in the case of life the structure, including its mass anid composition, is activelymaintained or developed in the particular manner which is " normal," and the activity of the structure is of such a nature that the normal structure is maintained or dceveloped.Normal structure and normal activity are thus inseparable: the structure is alive, and alive in a manner which is normal or specific.If, moreover, we consider the mutual reactions between an organism and its environment we find that these reactions are so co-ordinated or directed.as to maintain or develop the normal structure of the organism, and this co-ordination is what we call organic control.In inlorganic phenomena, on the other hanid, we seem to finid no co-ordination of activity with structure.-Inorganic structures hold together, it is true; but their activities are not regarded as beinig so directed that the structure is maintained.
Snoring every night as a risk factor for myocardial infarction: a case-control study.
Authors: R D'Alessandro, C Magelli, G Gamberini, S Bacchelli, E Cristina, B Magnani, E Lugaresi
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Infection with Pasteurella multocida is a common sequel to dog and cat bites.We report on a woman who developed a postoperative infection after encouraging her pet dog to lick her wound. Case reportA 73 year old woman was admitted for a routine hemiarthroplasty to her osteoarthritic left knee.Under antibiotic cover with intravenous cephradine a Sled type prosthesis was inserted under aseptic conditions, and the wound was closed.As an inpatient she had no problems with the wound, and she was discharged on the 10th day after the operation.Three months later she was readmitted with an inflamed wound.The wound was explored under.general anaesthesia and 20 ml of yellow pus was drained from an abscess cavity.There seemed to be no communication of the cavity with the joint.The wound was washed out with copious amounts of saline and was closed over a corrugated drain.Culture of the pus yielded P multocida that was sensitive to penicillin, and treatment with penicillin was started intravenously.The wound healed uneventfully.On requestioning she admitted that three weeks before admission the lower end of the wound had broken down, and, to promote healing, she had encouraged her dog to lick the wound.
Mesenteric vasodilator responses in cirrhotic rats: A role for nitric oxide
Authors: R T Mathie, V Ralevic, K P Moore, G Burnstock
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The contribution of nitric oxide to mesenteric arterial vasodilator responses was investigated in the isolated perfused mesenteric arterial bed of cirrhotic rats (carbon tetrachloride/phenobarbitone; n = 6). Age- matched (n = 9) and phenobarbitone-treated rats (n = 9) served as controls. Responses to the endothelium-dependent dilators acetylcholine and adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and the smooth muscle dilator (NO donor) sodium nitroprusside were investigated after tone was raised by continuous infusion of methoxamine, before and during infusion of the NO synthesis inhibitor N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 30 μmol/L) ± l-arginine (1 mmol/L). A significant hyporesponsiveness to methoxamine infusion in cirrhotic preparations ( P &lt; .05) was not fully corrected by l-NAME. There was no difference in the percentage vasodilator response to acetylcholine in the cirrhotic group compared with controls; l-NAME significantly and reversibly inhibited the dilator response in all groups. ATP elicited dose-dependent vasodilation that, in the absence of l-NAME, did not differ between the groups. By contrast, in the presence of l-NAME, ATP (5 × 10 -8 mol) produced pronounced, reversible vasoconstriction only in cirrhotic animals ( P &lt; .02). Vasodilatation attributable to sodium nitroprusside (5 × 10 -8 mol) was significantly attenuated in cirrhotic rats. The methoxamine data support the concept of mesenteric hyposensitivity to vasoconstrictor agents in cirrhosis that may be at least partly NO mediated. Increased NO activity in smooth muscle leading to decreased guanylate cyclase availability may account for the diminished vasodilator responses to sodium nitroprusside in cirrhotic preparations. The unchanged responsiveness to vasodilatation by acetylcholine (ACh) and the vasoconstriction to ATP observed during NO blockade in cirrhotic animals indicate that mesenteric endothelial NO is unchanged or possibly diminished.
Long-term Outcome of Children Surviving Massive Burns
Authors: Robert L. Sheridan
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextMajor advances in treatment of burn injuries in the last 20 years have made it possible to save the lives of children with massive burns, but whether their survival comes at the cost of impaired quality of life is unknown.Objective To investigate the long-term quality of life in children who have survived massive burns. Design and SettingRetrospective, cross-sectional study conducted in a regional pediatric burn center.Patients Eighty subjects who were younger than 18 years at the time of injury, who survived massive burns involving Ն70% of the body surface, and who were admitted to the burn center between 1969 and 1992 were evaluated an average (SD) of 14.7 (6.0) years after injury.Main Outcome Measures Short Form 36 (SF-36) scores of the 60 patients aged at least 14 years were compared with national norms and the impact of clinical variables on individual domain scores was assessed. ResultsThe SF-36 domain scores of the study patients, who had survived massive burns at a mean (SD) age of 8.8 (5.5) years, were generally similar to the normal population).However, 15% and 20% of the burn patients had scores in the physical functioning and physical role domains, respectively, that were more than 2 SDs below the relevant norm, indicating that a few patients had continuing serious physical disability.Better functional status of the family predicted a higher score in physical role (P = .04).The child's early reintegration with preburn activities predicted higher scores in general health (P = .03),physical functioning (P = .003),and physical role (P = .01).Children followed up consistently in the multidisciplinary burn clinic for 2 years had higher physical functioning (P = .04). ConclusionsIn this study, while some children surviving severe burns had lingering physical disability, most had a satisfying quality of life.Comprehensive burn care that included experienced multidisciplinary aftercare played an important role in recovery.
The Transcription Factor GATA-3 Controls Cell Fate and Maintenance of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Thomas Hoyler, Christoph S.N. Klose, Abdallah Souabni, Adriana Turqueti-Neves, Dietmar Pfeifer, Emma L. Rawlins, David Voehringer, Meinrad Busslinger, Andreas Diefenbach
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Nonfasting Lipids: There Is the Population and Then There Is the Patient
Authors: Seth S. Martin, Michael J. Blaha, Steven R. Jones
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The differential binding of antibody from the sera of patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid to isolated guinea-pig epidermal cells
Authors: W.D BRIGDEN, H.E AMOS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

SUMMARY A method for preparing isolated epidermal cells using trypsin is described. The isolated cells retain the ability to bind antibody from patients with pemphigus or with pemphigoid in a disease-specific manner.
BIOMETRY OF CALCIUM, INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS, CHOLESTEROL, AND LIPOID PHOSPHORUS IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS
Authors: Alvin R. Harnes
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

A series of determinations of inorganic phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, and lecithin were made on a group of 10 animals living in the laboratory from Oct. 27, 1927, to May 17, 1928. A marked difference in both the trend and absolute values was noted in animals living in the laboratory when compared with the values obtained for animals living out-of-doors. With animals living in the open, the trend of variation for calcium was found to be the same. However, animals living in the laboratory maintained a higher level over the same period of time. The inorganic phosphorus and lecithin both showed a marked decrease and both maintained a lower level than was found in animals just received from the dealer. The cholesterol content of whole blood exhibited a similar trend in both groups of animals. However, it was found that animals living in the laboratory maintained a lower level than animals living out-of-doors. The mean value for calcium was found to be 15.7 ±0.05, for inorganic phosphorus 4.65 ±0.05 mg. per 100 cc. of blood serum, and for cholesterol 58.2 ±0.39 and lecithin 118.4 ±1.13 mg. per 100 cc. of whole blood. The coefficients of correlation having the highest degree of mathematical significance were obtained from the mean values for individual animals.
Abstract CT323: Pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma previously treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Kim Kyu-Sik, Bo Ram Lee, Sung Hoon Yoon, Jinyeong Yu, Injae Oh, Young Chul Kim, Sangyun Song, yooduk Choi, Hee Jung Ban
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive adenocarcinoma exhibited marked response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In most cases, the patients showed disease progression after EGFR TKI treatment. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed versus docetaxel after the failure of EGFR TKI in patients with adenocarcinoma with EGFR mutation. Methods: Patients harboring EGFR mutant adenocarcinoma who received weekly docetaxel (35-40 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks) or pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) at a single university-affiliated hospital following failure of first line EGFR TKI treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Results: 44 patients were included between 2012 and 2013. Patients who had previously treated with EGFR TKI as first line treatment were received docetaxel (n=11) or pemetrexed (n=33) in second- or later-line treatment. The efficacy of docetaxel was superior to that of pemetrexed (ORR: 36.4% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.011, DCR: 72.7% vs. 39.4%, p = 0.055). Progression-free survival of docetaxel was 6.2 months versus 1.9 months with pemetrexed. (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.25-1.22; p = 0.140). There were no significant differences in either the grade 3-4 hematologic or nonhematologic toxicities between the 2 regimens. Conclusion: Pemetrexed shows unfavorable result compared to docetaxel in patients with acquired drug resistance after EGFR TKI treatment. We will have to study the efficacy of pemetrexed versus docetaxel after EGFR TKI treatment prospectively. Citation Format: Kim Kyu-Sik, Bo Ram Lee, Sung Hoon Yoon, Jinyeong Yu, Injae Oh, Young Chul Kim, Sangyun Song, yooduk Choi, Hee Jung Ban. Pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma previously treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr CT323. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-CT323
Maf promotes osteoblast differentiation in mice by mediating the age-related switch in mesenchymal cell differentiation
Authors: Keizo Nishikawa, Tomoki Nakashima, Shu Takeda, Masashi Isogai, Michito Hamada, Ayako Kimura, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Akira Yamaguchi, Michael J. Owen, Satoru Takahashi, Hiroshi Takayanagi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Aging leads to the disruption of the homeostatic balance of multiple biological systems. In bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal cells undergo differentiation into various anchorage-dependent cell types, including osteoblasts and adipocytes. With age as well as with treatment of antidiabetic drugs such as thiazolidinediones, mesenchymal cells favor differentiation into adipocytes, resulting in an increased number of adipocytes and a decreased number of osteoblasts, causing osteoporosis. The mechanism behind this differentiation switch is unknown. Here we show an age-related decrease in the expression of Maf in mouse mesenchymal cells, which regulated mesenchymal cell bifurcation into osteoblasts and adipocytes by cooperating with the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 and inhibiting the expression of the adipogenic transcription factor Pparg. The crucial role of Maf in both osteogenesis and adipogenesis was underscored by in vivo observations of delayed bone formation in perinatal Maf(-/-) mice and an accelerated formation of fatty marrow associated with bone loss in aged Maf(+/-) mice. This study identifies a transcriptional mechanism for an age-related switch in cell fate determination and may provide a molecular basis for novel therapeutic strategies against age-related bone diseases.