tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub> and transcobalamin levels in early HIV disease
Authors: S. A. J. Rule, M. Hooker, C. Costello, W. Luck, A. V. Hoffbrand
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract A cohort of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive patients was followed over a 2 1/2‐year period, to establish changes in serum vitamin B 12 (B 12 ) concentrations. Serum B 12 , CD4 count, and clinical progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS‐related complex (ARC) were measured. The unsaturated B12 binding capacities of the transcobalamins were also determined at the start of the study and compared to those from a homosexual HIV seronegative control group. The geometric mean of serum B 12 in 218 asymptomatic HIV seropositive patients was significantly lower than of a homosexual HIV seronegative control group ( P = 0.02) and the unsaturated B 12 binding capacities of transcobalamins I and II were significantly higher in the asymptomatic patients compared with the same control group ( P &lt; 0.03, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Fifty‐nine of the asymptomatic HIV seropositive patients were followed over a 2 1/2‐year period during which most had falling serum B 12 levels (64%). Twelve patients progressed clinically to ARC or AIDS, of which nine had repeat serum B 12 estimation prior to progression. All nine patients had or developed falling serum B 12 levels without any evidence of an HIV‐related bowel disorder. All patients progressing had falling CD4 counts. Subnormal serum B 12 levels are common in HIV disease and occur at an early stage. B 12 levels fall in most patients with time and may help predict those patients whose disease will progress the most rapidly. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of Left Ventricular Volume by One-Plane Cineangiography
Authors: DAVID G. GREENE, RAYMOND CARLISLE, COLIN GRANT, IVAN L. BUNNELL
Journal: Circulation (1967)

One-plane cineangiographic measurement of left ventricular volume uses angiocardiograms taken in the right anterior oblique view. Its basic assumption is that the third (unvisualized) dimension, depth from septum to free wall, is of the same magnitude and behaves in the same way as the visualized short axis. Examination of this assumption with biplane x-ray equipment revealed that the unmeasured length averages 7% less and varies directly with the length of the measured short axis. Volumes measured correlate well with consecutive studies using serial biplane x-rays and are systematically somewhat larger than volumes obtained in autopsy specimens injected with barium sulfate paste. The method is tolerant of variations in positioning of the patient, is convenient, yields repeatable analyses from one experienced observer to another, allows 60 volume measurements per second so that rapid cardiac events can be studied, and the small doses of x-rays and contrast medium permit several observations at one catheterization session. This means that effects of drugs and other interventions can be studied by the informative techniques of semi-continuous volume measurement and pressure-volume analysis.
CORNEAL REACTIONS TO BACTERIUM GRANULOSIS AND OTHER MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Peter K. Olitsky, Ralph E. Knutti, Joseph R. Tyler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

THE CONCLUSIONS WHICH MAY BE DRAWN FROM THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTS HERE PRESENTED ARE: 1. The cornea of the rabbit is highly sensitive to the action of various injected bacteria. The lesions vary from insignificant, transient changes to severe, destructive panophthalmitis, with fine gradations from the mildest to the violent form of inflammation. Moreover, animals that receive the same organisms show like changes. 2. The varying degree of inflammatory reaction is related to the pathogenicity of the special culture employed; as, for example, is shown by the reactions to Type I pneumococci and to Bacterium granulosis. It is evident that when a microorganism having a certain degree of virulence is used, a lesion of localized vasculonebulous keratitis resembling pannus tenuis or vasculosus of human trachoma can be induced. Thus Bacterium granulosis, Bacillus xerosis, Hemophilus influenzae, Pneumococcus Type II, Streptococcus viridans, and gonococcus can cause the pannus-like corneal changes in the rabbit. Of these organisms, however, only Bacterium granulosis induces early, uncomplicated and enduring keratitic lesions; the others cause first, diffuse keratitis with suppurative lesions; then, as a residual effect, transient, localized, vasculonebulous changes in the cornea. These changes, in contradistinction to the granulosis lesions, are, therefore delayed, complicated, and transient. When, on the other hand, the invasiveness and infecting power of the organisms are low, as is the case with the filtrable, Gram-negative bacillus and the small, Gram-negative bacilli ultimately derived from cases of folliculosis, no marked effect is produced by their intracorneal inoculation. If the pathogenicity of bacteria is high (as shown by Pneumococcus Type I, hemolytic streptococcus, and the remaining bacteria), intracorneal inoculation of the microorganisms leads to serious suppurative or destructive changes. 3. The results of experiments with monkeys indicate that while pannus is not a sequel of experimental trachomatous conjunctivitis, a lesion resembling it follows intracorneal inoculation of Bacterium granulosis. 4. One can infer from these results, therefore, that the stimulus necessary to produce corneal changes in animals, similar to those of trachomatous pannus, is an agent having a definite but extremely low power of invasiveness and infectivity.
Prednisone Treatment in Newly Diagnosed Type I Diabetic Children: 1-Yr Follow-Up
Authors: Laila Mistura, Luciano Beccaria, Franco Meschi, Alberto Flores D'arcais,, Cristina Pellini, Maria Puzzovio, Giuseppe Chiumello
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Thirty-one children suffering from type I diabetes mellitus were arranged at onset of the disease in two different groups. Group 1 was treated with oral prednisone (60 mg · m−2 · day−1 for 14 days, 30 and 15 mg · m−2 · day−1 for 7 days). Group 2 matched the control group. All patients were treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for the first 15 days of treatment, and then with two daily injections of a mixture of intermediate- and fast-acting insulin. All subjects were followed for 1 yr. Group 1 required more insulin than group 2 after 30 days (1.5 ± 0.3 vs. 0.6 + 0.2 U · kg−1 · day−1, P &amp;lt; .001) and after 60 days (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.5 ± 0.06 U · kg−1 · day−1, P &amp;lt; .001). After 3 mo, both groups reached the lowest mean stable HbA1 level (8.4 ± 0.4 and 8.3 ± 0.4% group 1 and 2 respectively). Between the 2nd and 9th mo of follow-up, mean postbreakfast C-peptide concentration increased in both groups. The highest levels of fasting C-peptide were reached by group 1 after 90 days (0.77 ± 0.32 nM) and group 2 after 60 days (0.34 ± 0.09 nM). The largest partial remission (C-peptide 0.3 nM, insulin requirement &amp;lt;0.5 U · kg−1 · day−1 and no glycosuria) was observed in group 1 after 180 days (5 of 16 patients) and in group 2 after 60 days (5 of 15 patients). We found no significant difference between the two groups in fasting and postbreakfast C-peptide levels, stable HbA1, and remission during 1-yr follow-up. Short-term prednisone therapy in newly diagnosed type I diabetic children does not considerably modify the natural history of the disease during the 1st yr.
First successful organ donation from newborn is carried out in UK
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Doctors at Hammersmith Hospital in London have reported the United Kingdom’s first successful organ donation from a newborn baby who had died shortly after birth.

One recipient with renal failure received kidneys, and another was given a transfusion of hepatocytes taken from the baby girl, the doctors wrote in the Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal and Neonatal Edition .1

The donor was born at term after an emergency caesarean section in the neonatal unit of Hammersmith Hospital. She weighed just …
Freeze-thaw injury of rat heart across an intact diaphragm: a new model for the study of the response of myocardium to injury
Authors: R. VRACKO, D. THORNING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

A new method for producing a circumscribed injury in rat myocardium is described. It utilises laparotomy and freeze-thawing across an intact diaphragm. Morbidity and mortality are negligible because the chest and pericardial cavities, the major coronary vessels, and the major branches of the conduction system remain intact. The size and location of the injury are reproducible and its sharp delineation facilitates accurate collection of samples from areas of interest. The myocytes are killed in the area of injury, whereas the capillary, nerve and connective tissue cells are killed centrally but preserved peripherally in a perimeter zone of injury in which capillaries remain patent. The reparative activities are initiated at the border between injured and uninjured myocardium; as they progress over the ensuing 6 weeks, the volume of damaged myocardium diminishes rapidly leaving only a rim of subepicardial scar tissue, and the thickness of ventricular muscle between the scar and endocardium returns almost completely to its pre-injury width. The mechanisms involved in the repair process are being investigated.
Abstract 829: A panel of three biomarkers for differentiating high from low grade neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: Findings from a Pilot Project
Authors: Nava K. Nawaz, Fan Lin, Azadeh Stark, Conrad Schuerch
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Distinguishing low/intermediate grade (carcinoid &amp; atypical carcinoid) from high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma [small cell carcinoma &amp; large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC)] of the lung can be difficult, especially in small biopsy specimens. This distinction is important for appropriate planning of a patient's course of treatment. Expression of biomarkers can be used to improve the precision of a differential diagnosis. We evaluated the expression of a panel of 5 biomarkers: CD117, a cytokine receptor, and KOC, a member of the insulin-like growth factor messenger RNA-binding protein family; Ki-67, a proliferation marker; the von Hippel-Lindau gene product (pVHL) and p16, 2 tumor suppresser markers. This panel was chosen because of their biological functions and their differential expression in low/intermediate vs. high grade cacinomas. Method: We studied 42 consecutive cases of carcinoma of the lung (20 small cell carcinomas, 7 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, 12 carcinoids and 3 atypical carcinoids). Tissue microarrays were constructed and biomarkers’ expressions were evaluated immunohistochemically. Staining was standardized and scored as “0+” = Negative, “1+” = Focal, “2+” = 30-49% cells staining and “3+” = 50-100% cells staining positively. A specimen scored as “0” / “1+” was classified as negative, while a specimen scored as “2+” / “3+” was considered positive. The likelihood of expression of the panel by histopathologic diagnosis was estimated using two-sided non-parametric statistical techniques. Results: Statistically significant differential expression for KOC, p16, pVHL and Ki-67 between low and high grade tumors was seen, but no significant difference for CD117 was detected. High grade tumors showed greater expression of Ki-67 (OR=13.85, 95% CI 3.34-57.47, p=0.0003), p16 (OR=3.52, 95% CI 1.75-7.11, p=0.0004) and KOC (OR=4.24, 95% CI 1.88-9.56, p=0.0005); while, pVHL expression was lower in high relative to low/intermediate grade tumors (OR=0.31, 95% CI 0.12-0.84, p=.022). We detected a statistically significant probability of the joint over-expression of 3 of the 5 biomarkers [p16 and KOC and Ki-67] in LCNEC relative to atypical carcinoids (OR=2.53, 95% CI 1.24-5.17, p=.011). Conclusion: Findings suggest that Ki-67, KOC and p16 is an effective antibody panel in differentiating high from low/intermediate grade neuroendocrine carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 829.
Recurrent ventricular tachycardia of non-ischaemic origin
Authors: E Ng, D Adlam, R P Keal, G A Ng
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the setting of previous myocardial infarction is usually related to scarring or ischaemia. When ischaemic heart disease is not the cause, the management and long-term prognosis are different.
Comparison of outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without chemotherapy conditioning by using matched sibling and unrelated donors for treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Christopher C. Dvorak, Amel Hassan, Mary A. Slatter, Manfred Hönig, Arjan C. Lankester, Rebecca H. Buckley, Michael A. Pulsipher, Jeffrey H. Davis, Tayfun Güngör, Melissa Gabriel, Jacob H. Bleesing, Nancy Bunin, Petr Sedlacek, James A. Connelly, David F. Crawford, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Sung-Yun Pai, Jake Hassid, Paul Veys, Andrew R. Gennery, Morton J. Cowan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Electronic Patient–Physician Communication
Authors: H.C. George Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters1 June 1999Electronic Patient–Physician CommunicationH.C. George Wong, MD, FRCPCH.C. George Wong, MD, FRCPCUniversity of British Columbia; Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1J2, Canada (Wong)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Mandl and colleagues' timely article (1) identifies the promise and pitfalls of electronic patient–physician communication and proposes a research agenda. Electronic medical communication between patient and physician is a “written record,” as noted by the authors. Safeguards must be built in to identify alterations, additions, or deletions, especially in the absence of the physician's signature. This should be done to avoid additional avenues for electronic Munchausen syndrome (2), among many other potential problems.In a 1998 physician survey, more than half (51%) of Canada's physicians reported that they use e-mail regularly, up substantially from 37% the previous ...References1. Mandl KD, Kohane IS, Brandt AM. Electronic patient–physician communication: problems and promise. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:495-500. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Hadeed V, Trump DL. Electronic cancer Munchasen syndrome [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:73. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Sullivan P, Buske L. Results from CMA's huge 1998 physician survey point to a dispirited profession. CMAJ. 1998;159:525-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H.C. George Wong, MD, FRCPCAffiliations: University of British Columbia; Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1J2, Canada (Wong) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 11Page: 944KeywordsElectrode recordingElectronic medical recordsMedical communications ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Seeking a Balanced Physician Workforce for the 21st Century
Authors: Richard A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE HALLS of academia and the chambers of Congress echo with a call for more primary care physicians. Much of this stems from the need that managed care systems have for more primary care providers.<sup>1-4</sup>In addition, many believe that more primary care physicians would improve access to care in rural towns and inner cities.<sup>5-7</sup>There also is a perception that we have too many specialists and that the care they provide is too expensive,<sup>3,8-14</sup>and there is alarm that the proportion of physicians training in primary care is decreasing.<sup>4,7-9,14-20</sup> A consensus has developed that better balance in the proportion of primary care physicians and specialists must be achieved, and this consensus has been translated into a specific proposal: that the percentage of medical graduates entering the primary care disciplines of family medicine, general internal medicine, and general pediatrics be increased from the recent levels of
Clonal analysis of human tumors with M27 beta, a highly informative polymorphic X chromosomal probe.
Authors: M F Fey, H J Peter, H L Hinds, A Zimmermann, S Liechti-Gallati, H Gerber, H Studer, A Tobler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The clonality of human tumors can be studied by X inactivation/methylation analysis in female patients heterozygous for X-linked DNA polymorphisms. We present a detailed study on clonal tumor analysis with M27 beta, a highly informative probe detecting a polymorphic X chromosomal locus, DXS255. The polymorphism detected at this locus is due to variable numbers of tandem repeats. The rate of constitutional heterozygosity detected by M27 beta was 88%. Normal tissue from gastrointestinal mucosa and thyroid showed random, hence polyclonal, patterns. Nonrandom clonal X inactivation was detected in all 22 malignant neoplasms that had been shown to be clonal by other DNA markers, such as antigen receptor gene rearrangements or clonal loss of heterozygosity at 17p and other loci. 16/48 normal blood leukocyte samples (33%) showed considerably skewed X inactivation patterns. Comparison of blood leukocytes and normal tissue indicated that in a given individual, X inactivation patterns may be tissue specific. M27 beta was used to study the clonal composition of 13 benign thyroid nodules from 12 multinodular goiters with rapid recent growth, traditionally termed "adenomas." Nine of them were clonal, whereas four nodules and tissue from a case of Graves' goiter were not, indicating that some, but not all, such thyroid nodules may represent true clonal neoplasms. The M27 beta probe permits one to study the clonal composition by the X inactivation approach of a wide variety of solid tumors from most female patients. As a control, normal tissue homologous to the tumor type of interest is preferable to DNA from blood leukocytes, since the latter may show nonrandom X inactivation patterns in a fairly high proportion of cases. M27 beta may, therefore, be of limited use for the clonal analysis of neoplasms derived from hematopoietic cells.
Fever epidemic moves into Sri Lanka
Authors: Suranjith L Seneviratne, Jennifer Perera
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How much will Herceptin really cost? Balancing local and national priorities is not newEditor-Herceptin for early stage breast cancer is a cost effective treatment, and it is right that the NHS should make it available.The challenge of funding new treatments and balancing local and national priorities is one the NHS has faced since its inception. 1 The process the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) follows for evaluating new medicines is the most rigorous anywhere in the world, and local NHS organisations can have confidence that implementing our recommendations is an effective use of their resources.NICE's independent advisory committees do not rubber stamp decisions.They make them based on an objective and impartial interpretation of the evidence.Those who suggest otherwise should come forward with their evidence for doing so.It is wrong to suggest that a single recommendation from NICE will necessarily cause other services to be reduced and that these decisions are made by clinicians only.Many demands are made on available funds in any hospital at any one time and it is the responsibility of local NHS management, working with their clinical teams, to make the best use of these resources.This difficult job is made easier by NICE guidance and the support tools we offer, such as our commissioning guides and our forthcoming advice on shifting spending from less to more effective treatments.
Pathophysiologic correlations in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia.
Authors: D D Collie, P M Warren, I Begara, L Luján, N J Watt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Effective alveolar volume, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DCOsb), volume-corrected diffusing capacity (D/VA), static lung compliance (Cst), and lung distensibility were measured in 16 sheep seropositive for maedi-visna virus (MVV) immediately before they were killed. Lungs were inflation-fixed, and the left lung was randomly sampled for morphometric analysis. The total lung weight, total fixed lung volume, volume densities of tissue (Vvt) and air (Vva), and the alveolar surface density were measured and correlated with the physiologic measurements. The density of surface forces could not account for the variation in the distensibility of the lungs, indicating that tissue-related forces may be important in determining lung distensibility in lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP) associated with MVV infection. Possible sources of tissue-related forces are the contractile tissue associated with lung parenchyma, airways, or vasculature. When DCOsb was corrected for volume, a strong negative correlation with Vvt was noted, indicating that factors distinct from lung-volume reduction are important in limiting gas exchange in LIP associated with MVV infection. More sheep demonstrated abnormal D/VA values than any other physiologic measurement, with reduced values being apparent even in sheep considered clinically normal and with little or no morphometric evidence of lung disease. Measurements of diffusing capacity are thus considered the most sensitive functional index of disease progression.
Antibody Response Following Customary Use of MMR Vaccine
Authors: Henry H. Balfour, Charlene K. Edelman, Don P. Amren
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of Brunell et al<sup>1</sup>is comforting because more than 98% of children had humoral antibody titers against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) when tested two to 19 months after immunization. This proportion of seropositive children is higher than we reported in a study of immunized Minneapolis children.<sup>2</sup>However, a number of differences between our study and the one by Brunell et al invalidate direct comparisons. For example, the period from immunization to testing of our subjects was nearly twice as long as the Texas study, which also did not include children immunized before 15 months of age. The most important difference between the two studies is that the vaccines were not the same. In January 1979, the rubella component of MMR vaccine was changed; RA27/3 strain replaced the HPV-77 DE-5 strain. RA27/3, the rubella antigen given to the Texas children, is more immunogenic
Absence of detectable serum interferon in acute and chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Mauro Pirovino, Michel Aguet, Marcel Huber, Josef Altorfer, Martin Schmid
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Amounts of interferon were measured in sera from 59 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 49 patients with chronic hepatitis B and compared to those from patients with nonviral liver disease or influenza, and from healthy controls. In all patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis, no serum interferon could be detected, confirming data from earlier studies of acute viral hepatitis in which no circulating interferon was found. Our results disprove the view that the amounts of serum interferon, detected at the time of the acute clinical illness, may be a determinant of outcome.