tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ON HEALTH DEPARTMENTS OF LARGE CITIES AND THEIR ORGANIZATION.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The progress of sanitary science, and the increase of knowledge among sanitarians, is one thing; the putting in practice of that information, is another. All science is concerned with the former; the State, the Government and the people, with the latter. Our cities have grown so fast that the problems which confront them of civic administration, have not been dealt with as if they had come gradually on a community prepared by long years of dwelling together, to meet them; and so in our great cities we find great advances in certain directions, and we find ourselves very far behind the age in others. Among the unsettled problems in large cities is that of the best means of securing a perfect sanitary organization, and in the securing of that result, we are more or less hampered by the laws which have been enacted in the village before it became a
Abstract 1305: Fulvestrant induces the expression/activity of UGT1A4 in HepG2 cells: potential interactions with other therapeutic agents
Authors: Vineetha Koroth Edavana, Ishwori B. Dhakal, Xinfeng Yu, Suzanne Williams, Susan A. Kadlubar
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Fulvestrant (Faslodex™) is a pure antiestrogen that has been shown to be effective in treating estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors that are resistant to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen. Currently, clinical trials investigating the utility of adding fulvestrant to other therapeutics are being conducted. While co-administration of these drugs has not been shown to affect cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of either drug, effects of co-administration on Phase II metabolism (i.e. glucuronidation) have not been explored. We demonstrated that fulvestrant up-regulates expression of UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4, the major enzyme responsible for the direct conjugation and subsequent elimination of many therapeutic drugs. Endogenous mRNA expression levels of UGT1A4 in HepG2 cells were induced 4.5-fold by fulvestrant treatment in this ERα-expressing cell line. Treatment with fulvestrant upregulated UGT1A4 in a time- (0-72 hours) and concentration-(0-250 nM) dependent manner and silencing ERα with specific siRNA abolished UGT1A4 up regulation. The role of a Sp1 binding site (−1906 to -1901 base pairs), known to be critical for the induction of UGT1A4 transcriptional activity by estradiol, was examined in relation to fulvestrant-mediated induction of UGT1A4. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed using these nuclear extracts and UGT1A4/Sp1 probe. Fulvestrant-treated HepG2 nuclear extract formed multiple shifted bands that appear to represent homomultimeric complexes of Sp1 with UGT1A4/Sp1 probe. This binding ability was partially blocked by mithramycin, a known inhibitor of Sp1 binding to DNA. While these in vitro assays indicate that fulvestrant administration could influence the disposition of other UGT1A4 substrates, the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. Further studies are needed to assess the effects of fulvestrant administration on the disposition of drugs that are substrates of UGT1A4, including anastrozole, clozapine, imipramine, irinotecanl, amotrigine, meperidine, midazolam, nicotine, olanzapine, SN-38 and tamoxifen. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1305. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1305
Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in a Patient With Gout
Authors: Gene G. Hunder
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A patient in whom avascular necrosis of one femoral head and, later, clinical gout developed underwent hip surgery which revealed that the femoral head and surrounding synovial membrane were covered with monosodium urate crystals. Although cases of hyperuricemia and gout in nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head have been reported, examination of biopsy specimens from such patients has been rare. Careful studies will be necessary to determine the incidence and importance of urate crystal deposition in such patients.
EXCESSIVE HEMORRHAGE AFTER ENUCLEATION OF EYE BALL.
Authors: ROBERT SATTLER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The danger of excessive hemorrhage after enucleatio bulbi is ordinarily a matter of little concern. In most cases the application of a compress bandage or a compress applied and held in position by the surgeon or an assistant for a few moments after the operation is completed controls and averts unnecessary bleeding. That hemorrhage, so excessive and uncontrollable as to endanger the life of the patient from shock and loss of blood, can occur even after this operation so simple in technique and by common consent considered almost devoid of dangerous sequences, is supported by the accompanying reports of two cases recently observed. In every case of enucleation of the eyeball, in addition to rigid aseptic precautions before and during the operation, irrigation of the empty orbital cavity with hot sterilized water, 1 to 10,000 bichlorid solution or biniodid solution, with the least possible traumatism, is resorted to immediately after
Unequal exposure to ecological hazards: environmental injustices in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Authors: Daniel R Faber, Eric J Krieg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

This study analyzes the social and geographic distribution of ecological hazards across 368 communities in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Combining census data with a variety of environmental data, we tested for and identified both income-based and racially based biases to the geographic distribution of 17 different types of environmentally hazardous sites and industrial facilities. We also developed a composite measure of cumulative exposure to compare the relative overall risks characteristic of each community. To the best of our knowledge, this point system makes this the first environmental justice study to develop a means for measuring and ranking cumulative exposure for communities. The study also controls for the intensity of hazards in each community by accounting for the area across which hazards are distributed. The findings indicate that ecologically hazardous sites and facilities are disproportionately located and concentrated in communities of color and working-class communities. The implication of this research for policymakers and citizen advocates is that cumulative exposure of residents to environmentally hazardous facilities and sites should receive greater consideration regarding community demographics and environmental health indicators. We conclude that the provision of additional resources for environmental monitoring and ranking, as well as yearly progress reports, is necessary for communities and state agencies to achieve equal access to clean and healthy environments for all residents.
The Health Care Revival in Iraq
Authors: Jennifer Fisher Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Current Clinical Issues16 November 2004The Health Care Revival in IraqJennifer Fisher WilsonJennifer Fisher WilsonSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Cardiologist Mahmud Thamer, MD, returned to Iraq last year for the first time in almost 25 years. The country's once-prestigious medical system was in chaos, with doctors and nurses working for no pay, facilities in disrepair, medicines in scant supply, and recent looting and burning. Many of the physicians with whom he had worked during the 1960s had survived the regime, he discovered, but the long-term pressures from living in a dictatorship and being isolated from the rest of the world had taken their toll. Since the Ba'athist coup of 1968, free speech had become impossible, imprisonment and murder had ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jennifer Fisher WilsonAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed.E-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUse of complementary and alternative medicine in pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey on Iraqi womenPharmacy Practice in IraqJob satisfaction and turnover intention among Iraqi doctors - a descriptive cross-sectional multicentre studyExpansion of health facilities in Iraq a decade after the US-led invasion, 2003–2012Rabies in Iraq: Trends in Human Cases 2001–2010 and Characterisation of Animal Rabies Strains from BaghdadUnderstanding the impact of conflict on health services in Iraq: information from 401 Iraqi refugee doctors in JordanPerceptions and utilization of primary health care services in Iraq: findings from a national household survey 16 November 2004Volume 141, Issue 10Page: 825-828KeywordsArmed forcesDeath ratesForecastingGlobal healthHealth careHealth care facilitiesMedical educationPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary carePsychiatry and mental health ePublished: 16 November 2004 Issue Published: 16 November 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Direct Antiglobulin Reaction in ABO-Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: E. L. Romano, N. C. Hughes-Jones, P. L. Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The minimum number of IgG anti-A (or anti-B) molecules detectable on A or B red cells by the antiglobulin reaction was found to be the same—that is, about 150 molecules per red cell—with newborn as with adult cells. Furthermore, the ratio of anti-IgG bound to IgG anti-A (or anti-B) molecules was the same whether the anti-A (or anti-B) molecules were present on newborn or on adult cells and was similar to that found for anti-IgG bound to IgG anti-Rh. In 15 infants (11 group A, 4 group B) with haemolytic disease of the newborn due to ABO-incompatibility the amount of anti-A or anti-B on the red cells ranged from 0·25 to 3·5 μg antibody per ml red cells, corresponding to 90-1,320 antibody molecules per cell; only five infants had more than 0·55 μg antibody per ml of red cells. These amounts are far smaller than those found in most moderate or severe cases of Rh-haemolytic disease. It is concluded that the weak direct antiglobulin reactions observed in ABO-haemolytic disease are due simply to the fact that the number of anti-A (or anti-B) molecules on the infant9s red cells is at the lower limit of sensitivity of the test. Since ABO-haemolytic disease can be quite a severe process it seems probable that IgG anti-A and anti-B molecules are more effective than anti-Rh molecules in bringing about red cell destruction.
Myoglobinuria Associated with Influenza A Infection
Authors: ROBERT A. MINOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A case of serologically documented influenza A infection associated with myoglobinuria is described. These complications were transient and likely due to infection, rather than an underlying genetic abnormality. Patients with an influenza-like illness should be observed for signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria during the course of their illness, since these complications can lead to serious clinical disease.
Cerebral Bioenergetics in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: RAJAT MATHUR, I. JANE COX, ANGELA OATRIDGE, DANIEL T. SHEPHARD, RORY J. SHAW, SIMON D. TAYLOR-ROBINSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Cerebral intracellular energy production (cerebral bioenergetics) via oxidative phosphorylation and the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is critical to cerebral function. To test the hypothesis that patients with chronic stable hypoxia also generate neuronal ATP via an anaerobic metabolism, we studied the changes in cerebral (31)P magnetic resonance spectra ((31)P MRS) in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and compared the results with MR spectra from similar areas of the brain in control subjects. Ten patients with stable COPD (age: 65 +/- 9 yr [mean +/- SD]; Pa(O(2)): 8.8 +/- 1.2 kPa; Pa(CO(2)): 6.1 +/- 0.8 kPa; pH 7.42 +/- 0.03, and FEV(1): 41 +/- 20% predicted) and five healthy volunteers underwent cerebral (31)P MRS (TR-5,000 ms) at 1.5 T. When COPD patients were compared with controls, the percentage MR signal with respect to total MR-detectable phosphorus-containing metabolites was increased from inorganic phosphate (Pi) (7.1 +/- 1. 3% versus 3.9 +/- 0.7%, p = 0.0001) and phosphomonoesters (PMEs) (9. 4 +/- 1.2% versus 6.9 +/- 0.3%, p = 0.0001), whereas the signal from phosphodiesters was reduced (34.8 +/- 3.2 versus 40.4 +/- 3.3%, p = 0.015). The ratios of Pi to betaATP (0.8 +/- 0.2 versus 0.4 +/- 0.1, p = 0.001) and of PME to betaATP (1.0 +/- 0.2 versus 0.7 +/- 0.1, p = 0.015) were increased, but the phosphocreatine-to-Pi ratio (2.1 +/- 0.6 versus 3.2 +/- 0.6, p = 0.01) was reduced in patients as compared with controls. This alteration in phosphorus-containing metabolites within cerebral cells provides evidence of extensive use of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxic COPD patients.
Mapping collective emotions to make sense of collective behavior
Authors: Maxime Taquet, Jordi Quoidbach, Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, Martin Desseilles
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract While Bentley et al.’s model is very appealing, in this commentary we argue that researchers interested in big data and collective behavior, including the way humans make decisions, must account for the emotional factor. We investigate how daily choice of activities is influenced by emotions. Results indicate that mood significantly predicts people's decisions about what to do next, stressing the importance of emotional state on decision-making.
S20 CRTH2 is expressed by the bronchial epithelium and its activation drives epithelial differentiation
Authors: SE Stinson, Y Amrani, M Carlsson, C Brightling
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but its expression in the bronchial epithelium and potential role in airway remodelling is unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> CRTh2 protein expression was assessed in bronchial biopsies (n = 24) and primary epithelial cells (n = 16) using immunohistochemistry, and using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and quantitative RT-PCR (QT-PCR) respectively. The effects of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin D2 (DK-PGD2) on epithelial cell migration and differentiation was determined. <h3>Results</h3> The number of submucosal CRTh2 positive inflammatory cells was increased in asthma compared to healthy controls 27.57 per mm<sup>2</sup> sub-mucosal area (9.82) versus 48.17 (14.04) (p = 0.0049). CRTh2 expression was identified on normal and asthmatic epithelial cells, but its expression was decreased in bronchial biopsies from asthmatics 21.43 per 10mm<sup>2 </sup>epithelial area (7.85) versus healthy controls 62.34 (36.41) (p = 0.0071) and similar findings were observed in primary epithelial cells. Squamous metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium was increased in asthma and related to decreased CRTh2 expression. DK-PGD2 promoted epithelial cell migration 12-fold increase (p = &lt;0.0001) and in air-liquid interface cultures increased the number of MUC5AC<sup>+</sup> and involucrin<sup>+</sup> cells, which were blocked with a CRTh2 specific antagonist. <h3>Conclusions</h3> CRTh2 is expressed by the bronchial epithelium and its activation drives epithelial differentiation suggesting that in addition to its well characterised role on inflammatory cell migration CRTh2 might contribute to airway remodelling in asthma.
The Monosaccharide Transporter Gene Family in Arabidopsis and Rice: A History of Duplications, Adaptive Evolution, and Functional Divergence
Authors: Deborah A. Johnson, Michael A. Thomas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Current hypotheses of gene duplicate divergence propose that surviving members of a gene duplicate pair may evolve, under conditions of purifying or nearly neutral selection, in one of two ways: with new function arising in one duplicate while the other retains original function (neofunctionalization [NF]) or partitioning of the original function between the 2 paralogs (subfunctionalization [SF]). More recent studies propose that SF followed by NF (subneofunctionalization [SNF]) explains the divergence of many duplicate genes. In this analysis, we evaluate these hypotheses in the context of the large monosaccharide transporter (MST) gene families in Arabidopsis and rice. MSTs have an ancient origin, predating plants, and have evolved in the seed plant lineage to comprise 7 subfamilies. In Arabidopsis, 53 putative MST genes have been identified, with one subfamily greatly expanded by tandem gene duplications. We searched the rice genome for members of the MST gene family and compared them with the MST gene family in Arabidopsis to determine subfamily expansion patterns and estimate gene duplicate divergence times. We tested hypotheses of gene duplicate divergence in 24 paralog pairs by comparing protein sequence divergence rates, estimating positive selection on codon sites, and analyzing tissue expression patterns. Results reveal the MST gene family to be significantly larger (65) in rice with 2 subfamilies greatly expanded by tandem duplications. Gene duplicate divergence time estimates indicate that early diversification of most subfamilies occurred in the Proterozoic (2500-540 Myr) and that expansion of large subfamilies continued through the Cenozoic (65-0 Myr). Two-thirds of paralog pairs show statistically symmetric rates of sequence evolution, most consistent with the SF model, with half of those showing evidence for positive selection in one or both genes. Among 8 paralog pairs showing asymmetric divergence rates, most consistent with the NF model, nearly half show evidence of positive selection. Positive selection does not appear in any duplicate pairs younger than approximately 34 Myr. Our data suggest that the NF, SF, and SNF models describe different outcomes along a continuum of divergence resulting from initial conditions of relaxed constraint after duplication.
Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy Use and the Risk of Death in Men with Prostate Cancer Treated with Brachytherapy Who Have No or at Least a Single Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Akash Nanda, Ming-Hui Chen, Brian J. Moran, Michelle H. Braccioforte, Daniel Dosoretz, Sharon Salenius, Michael Katin, Rudi Ross, Anthony V. D’Amico
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Role of virus in collagen diseases
Authors: Z. Danivevicius
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of Cholestatic Jaundice-Reply
Authors: Murry G. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Drs LiCalzi and Storer that jaundiced patients with dilated biliary ducts require either surgical or radiological decompression. We have no quarrel with those who chose to follow our algorithm along the path where PTC follows when dilated ducts are demonstrated by sonography. The algorithm expresses our preference for this route when sonography shows only intrahepatic duct dilation. Certainly decompression by temporary PTC catheter drainage can be advantageous in very ill, deeply jaundiced patients, and permanent endobiliary decompression is a viable alternative treatment for the elderly or proved unresectable patient. However, they are incorrect in their impression that this cannot be accomplished via the ERCP route; it has been done.<sup>1,2</sup> We emphatically disagree that the diagnosis of ampullary or pancreatic head carcinoma is best made at the time of surgery. At the Lahey Clinic the operative diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreatic head was later
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Other New Antithrombotic Drugs
Authors: Edwin W. Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

SINCE heparin and the vitamin K antagonists became available for clinical use more than 40 years ago, the number of other drugs that have been introduced to prevent or treat thrombotic states is surprisingly small. Activators of plasminogen are exceptions; although they were never widely popular during the several decades when they were used chiefly for venous thromboembolism, their position now seems established in the treatment of acute coronary artery thrombosis. Another class of drugs, the antiplatelet agents, is considered beneficial in coronary and cerebral arterial occlusive disease, but the humble aspirin tablet is so effective an antithrombotic agent that . . .
Turnover of naive- and memory-phenotype T cells.
Authors: D F Tough, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

On the basis of their surface markers, T lymphocytes are divided into subsets of "naive" and "memory cells". We have defined the interrelationship and relative life spans of naive and memory T cells by examining the surface markers on murine T cells incorporating bromodeoxyuridine, a DNA precursor, given in the drinking water. Three findings are reported. First, using a new method we show that the release of newly formed naive T cells from the unmanipulated thymus is very low (confirming the findings of others with surgical approaches). Second, in thymectomized mice, T cells with a naive phenotype remain in interphase for prolonged periods; however, some of these cells divide and retain (or regain) their "naive" markers. Third, most T cells with a memory phenotype divide rapidly, but others remain in interphase for many weeks. Collectively, the data indicate that long-lived T cells have multiple phenotypes and contain a mixture of memory cells, naive (virgin) cells, and memory cells masquerading as naive cells.
Fertilisation authority recommends a ban on sex selection
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The United Kingdom's reproduction watchdog, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, has advised the government to ban clinics from using techniques that allow parents to choose the sex of their child for reasons that are not medical after overwhelming opposition from experts and the public.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority consulted medical, scientific, ethical, and social experts, as well as patients' groups, religious organisations, and the public, over the past year on whether to …