tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathologic analysis of liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Anthony J. Demetris, Bernd H. Markus, Carlos Esquivel, David H. Van Thiel, Susan Saidman, Robert Gordon, Leonard Makowka, Gregory D. Sysyn, Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

A retrospective histopathologic review of all pathologic specimens from 394 adult liver transplant patients was undertaken with clinical correlation to determine if primary biliary cirrhosis has affected the posttransplant course compared to all other indications for liver transplantation and if recurrent primary biliary cirrhosis has occurred after liver transplantation. We also compared the histopathologic features seen in native livers with primary biliary cirrhosis to failed allografts with chronic rejection. One hundred six of the 394 adult patients transplanted during this time (1981 to July, 1986) fulfilled clinicopathologic criteria for a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Neither the incidence nor any qualitative pathologic feature of histologically documented acute cellular rejection differentiated subjects transplanted for primary biliary cirrhosis vs. other diseases. No correlation between the titers of antimitochondrial antibody and the presence of posttransplant hepatic dysfunction based on liver enzyme profiles or the development of chronic rejection was seen in patients transplanted for primary biliary cirrhosis. Minor differences noted in the posttransplant course of primary biliary cirrhosis patients as compared to other conditions (higher incidence of chronic rejection as a cause of graft failure) was seen, but this did not significantly affect graft or patient survival. Recurrent primary biliary cirrhosis could not be diagnosed with certainty in any patient. A comparison of failed chronically rejected allografts vs. native hepatectomies obtained from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis revealed the presence of chronic obliterative vasculopathy, centrilobular cholestasis, and lack of granulomas, cirrhosis, cholangiolar proliferation, copper-associated protein deposition and Mallory's hyalin in specimens with chronic rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
497 An open-label, multicenter study of the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS®), alone or in combination with ribavirin (COPEGUS®), in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection
Authors: E. Ortega, A. Martin, C. Barros, K. Aguirrebengoa, J. Gonzalez, A. Garcia, R. Rubio, F. Pulido
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Reduction of Digoxin Toxicity Associated with Measurement of Serum Levels
Authors: DAVID W. DUHME
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Adverse reactions to digoxin in hospitalized medical patients were monitored for 2 years in a drug surveillance program at two Boston hospitals. Dose-related adverse reactions were confirmed in 10% of 272 patients at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (PBBH) and in 4% of 291 patients at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) (P <0.02). Differences in digoxin dosage, use of other drugs, patient characteristics, or other factors predisposing to digoxin toxicity did not account for the different adverse reaction rates. Serum digoxin concentrations were measured in more digoxin recipients at MGH (40%) than at PBBH (12%) (P <0.001). The mean levels were lower at MGH (0.98 ng/ml) than at PBBH (1.82 ng/ml) (P <0.001), reflecting the use of the assay at MGH for therapeutic guidance in nontoxic patients. We believe the frequent use of serum digoxin assays in clinical practice can decrease the frequency of adverse reactions to digoxin.
Abstract 2272: Heme oxygenase-1 regulates apoptosis and autophagy for the survival of renal cancer cells
Authors: Pallavi Banerjee, Aninda Basu, Barbara Wegiel, Leo E. Otterbein, Augustine M. K. Choi, Soumitro Pal
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation pathway is classically known for its cytoprotective role during tissue injury. However, this protective function of HO-1, which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis under stress conditions, may act as a double-edged sword by promoting survival of cancer cells. HO-1 is overexpressed in different cancers, and cancer cells may utilize the anti-apoptotic effects of HO-1 as a shield against chemotherapeutic agents. We have recently demonstrated that activation of the oncogenic Ras pathway induces HO-1 to promote survival of renal cancer cells. Recent studies show that along with apoptosis, type II cell death or autophagy also plays a vital role in regulating the fate of cancer cells. While some groups suggest that toxic autophagy cooperates with chemotherapeutic agents to facilitate apoptosis of cancer cells, others propose a protective role of autophagy in cancer. Here, we investigated whether HO-1 can control apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes to regulate survival of human renal cancer cells (786-0 and Caki-1). We overexpressed HO-1 in these cells either by CoPP treatment, a known inducer of HO-1, or by transfecting the cells with a human HO-1 overexpression plasmid. We observed that the overexpression of HO-1 increased the level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL as observed by Western blot analysis; and this was associated with a significant decrease in the expression of autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B-II. The knockdown of HO-1 using specific siRNA led to down-regulation of Bcl-xL, and a marked increase in LC3B-II expression. Moreover, we found that the treatment of renal cancer cells with either rapamycin or sorafenib (two commonly used drugs for the treatment of renal cancer) induced the protein expression of HO-1; and apoptotic effects of these drugs on cancer cells were markedly enhanced in presence of the HO-1 inhibitor SnPP as observed by FACS analysis using Annexin-V staining. Together, our results indicate that HO-1 is up-regulated in renal cancer cells for their survival against chemotherapeutic agents, and it may protect the cells from both apoptosis- and autophagy-mediated death. Besides, recent studies demonstrated that both rapamycin and sorafenib can induce autophagy. Considering this together with our data, we suggest that application of these drugs along with HO-1 inhibitor may result in more efficient killing of renal cancer cells by reducing cytoprotective effects of HO-1 and by simultaneous induction of both autophagy and apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2272. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2272
Deaminovasopressin has direct and modulatory effects on ventricular automaticity in the rat heart
Authors: L. S Sun, W. H Sawyer, S. F Steinberg, M. R Rosen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Some neuropeptides have direct cardiac effects and also modulate the cardiac effects of catecholamines. Vasopressin is an abundantly available neuropeptide having well known interactions with catecholamines in vascular smooth muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the direct and modulatory effects of vasopressin on ventricular automaticity.The cardiac effects of deaminovasopressin (dAVP), a long acting synthetic analogue of vasopressin, were tested on basal and alpha 1 agonist induced changes in automaticity in isolated ventricular septal preparations from adult and neonatal rats after chronic exposure (10 micrograms.kg-1 x d-1 subcutaneously for 10 d) and acute exposure (in vitro bath superfusion with 10(-8) M dAVP for 1 h).Chronic exposure to dAVP decreased basal ventricular automaticity in the adult and in 10-11 d old rats. Although alpha 1 agonists tended to decrease automaticity in adult rat heart, prior chronic dAVP exposure altered the chronotropic response to alpha 1 agonist so that only an increase in automaticity was observed. A similar result was seen in adult ventricular septal preparations upon acute superfusion with dAVP. Acute dAVP exposure reduced basal ventricular automaticity, and modified the alpha 1 adrenergic chronotropic response, such that only an increase in automaticity occurred. Acute dAVP exposure in adult ventricular septal preparations did not significantly change total alpha 1 adrenergic receptor density or antagonist affinity, alpha 1 adrenergic receptor subtype expression, or the amount of pertussis toxin sensitive G protein measured in an ADP ribosylation assay.dAVP not only exerted direct effects of chronotropy, but also influenced the expression of alpha 1 adrenergic chronotropic responsiveness. If vasopressin has a similar action, this may have important implications in instances where levels of this peptide are raised. For example, surgical stress and cardiopulmonary bypass are clinical situations associated with increases in both vasopressin and catecholamine levels. An interaction between the two may contribute to the development of tachyarrhythmias in these settings.
711 Medical Maxims, Vol. II. By W. S
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The function of a book of maxims or aphorisms is not always easy to decide. It may be a helpful mechanism for fixing some stark fact in the memory or a simple way of refreshing the memory and leading the person to a more extensive study of some topic. Aphorisms themselves may be so elegantly stated that they are "burrs that stick in the memory," as Osler has described them. This book by Reveno is a little more ambitious since it contains a very extensive index which will enable one to look things up in a moment. Perhaps the main thing that can be said about such a collection is that it serves as a useful repository for miscellaneous facts which may be used to jog the memory and then serve as an incentive to a further study of the problem discussed or the point made. Therefore, it makes satisfactory
Reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: H. Louis
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Several novel diagnostic methods have been developed for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) over the past few years, aiming either to be more convenient for patients, or to increase our diagnostic capabilities. In the same way, novel enhanced endoscopic imaging techniques have now become widely available, but the place of these new tools in clinical practice is still to be defined. The detection and treatment of early cancer in patients diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus remains a challenge. This year in Washington, several abstracts at Digestive Disease Week presented novel techniques in the field of GERD and Barrett’s esophagus.
Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma
Authors: M Cohen Pour, J Corat-Simon, D Robinson, J Sandbank, N Hod, T Horne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Skeletal scintigraphy is used to evaluate primary skeletal cancer such as osteosarcoma. On a histologic basis, this tumor is divided into osteoblastic, fibroblastic, and chondroblastic types. We present the bone scintigraphy of an 18-year-old man with chondroblastic-type osteosarcoma. In contrast to intense uptake of osteosarcoma on bone scintigraphy, chondroblastic type shows only mildly increased uptake.
Growth Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cells with an Iron Chelator (Deferasirox) and Docetaxel.
Authors: A. Lipton, L. Witters, H. Nick
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Treatment of cells with an iron chelator results in G1/S arrest and apoptosis. Tumor cells appear to be more sensitive to iron chelation probably because they express higher levels of the iron containing enzyme, ribonucleotide reductase. Previously, our laboratory has shown that an iron chelator (deferoxamine) inhibited the growth of a variety of cancer cell lines and also prolonged survival in tumor bearing mice. Docetaxel is an antineoplastic agent belonging to the taxane family. Docetaxel induces bcl-2 phosphorylation and subsequent apoptosis and is effective in the treatment of patients with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro effects of combining an iron chelator, deferasirox (Exjade: Novartis Pharma AG), and docetaxel on the growth of MCF-7 and HER-2/neu-transfected MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed to deferasirox or docetaxel alone or in combination for 3 days (9 different dose combinations were tested). Cell growth was determined using the colorimetric MTT tetrazolium dye assay. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed in both the MCF-7 and the HER-2/neu-tranfected MCF-7 cells after 3 days exposure to deferasirox (IC50: 1.5 and 2.3 μM, respectively) or docetaxel (IC50: 0.9 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively). Exposure to the combination of deferasirox (0.25 – 1.5 μM) and docetaxel (0.1 – 0.5 nM) resulted in synergistic growth inhibition in both the MCF-7 and HER-2/neu-transfected MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Sequencing experiments with the HER-2/neu-transfected MCF-7 cells showed that simultaneous exposure of the cells to deferasirox and docetaxel was superior to pretreating the cells with either of the agents 6 or 24 hours prior to addition of the second agent. These results suggest this combination warrants further investigation as a therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5075.
Judges uphold ruling that doctors cannot help paralysed man end his life
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A paralysed man has said he is “disappointed” but not shocked by the Court of Appeal’s decision that he cannot ask a doctor to end his life.

Paul Lamb, who has been paralysed from the neck down since a car accident 23 years ago, joined Jane Nicklinson to demand that judges overturn the ban on voluntary euthanasia. Nicklinson was carrying on the case of her late husband, Tony, who had locked-in syndrome after suffering a stroke. Tony died last August, two weeks after losing his case in the High Court for the right for a doctor to end his life. 

On 31 July the judges repeated …
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: a non-nephrotoxic prompt assessment of kidney involvement in IgG4-related disease
Authors: Agnieszka A. Pozdzik, Celso Matos, Sandrine Rorive, Isabelle Brocheriou, Myriam Delhaye, Joëlle L. Nortier
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

To the Editor: We acknowledge Zhang et al. for their outstanding review of the new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods in nephrology.1.Zhang J.L. Morrell G. Rusinek H. et al.New magnetic resonance imaging methods in nephrology.Kidney Int. 2013; 85 (this issue)Google Scholar The authors have described the application of MRI techniques for renal functional imaging in various clinical settings very thoroughly. In prolongation to this excellent review, we would like to share our experience with diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI in assessing renal morphological alterations in two recent cases of immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related disease. The first was a 65-year-old man who presented with chronic kidney disease. Kidney biopsy showed IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN). Retrospective analysis of earlier DW MRI images demonstrated bilateral hypointense renal nodules corresponding to water movement restriction.2.Pozdzik A. Brochériou I. Matos C. et al.Azathioprine as successful maintenance therapy in IgG4 related tubulointerstitial nephritis.Clin Kidney J. 2012; 5: 225-228Crossref PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar The second case was a 47-year-old man referred to the nephrologist because DW MRI (Figure 1a) had shown renal nodules, although renal function was normal.3.Pozdzik A. Matos C. Rorive S. et al.Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a new diagnostic tool of subclinical IgG4 related acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.Clin Kidney J. 2013; 6: 235-237Crossref PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar Kidney biopsy of nodules detected by DW MRI showed acute IgG4-related TIN with massive inflammatory cell infiltration (Figure 1b), which explained the images of water movement restriction. Our cases illustrate that DW MRI can detect renal morphological alterations in IgG4-related TIN early, thus helping to guide renal biopsy. We agree with the authors that a multidisciplinary approach in the application of this new technique in nephrology clinics should be encouraged for the accurate interpretation of MRI findings and for its correlation with renal physiopathology.
A synonymous variant in IRGM alters a binding site for miR-196 and causes deregulation of IRGM-dependent xenophagy in Crohn's disease
Authors: Patrick Brest, Pierre Lapaquette, Mouloud Souidi, Kevin Lebrigand, Annabelle Cesaro, Valérie Vouret-Craviari, Bernard Mari, Pascal Barbry, Jean-François Mosnier, Xavier Hébuterne, Annick Harel-Bellan, Baharia Mograbi, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Paul Hofman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Treatment of the "irremediable" elderly patient.
Authors: B Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Recent advances in the management of the leukaemias in- clude several surgical procedures-for example, to facilitate intravenous or intrathecal therapy.Splenectomy is of value in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia when the correct indications are present, while early elective splenectomy, when no classical indications are present, may have a useful role in the management of patients with chronic granulocytic leu- kaemia.
Local people to be elected to run primary care trusts, says new government
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Direct elections to the boards of primary care trusts have been promised by the UK government in the first detailed plans issued by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition.

Electing members to run local health services was a central plank in the Lib Dem election manifesto. But the document also confirms Conservative plans to liberate the National Health Service from political control by setting up an NHS board. So the NHS could find itself exchanging control by national politicians for control by local politicians.

If the plans are enacted, primary care trusts will be run by directly elected members (number unspecified), and by members appointed by local authorities, with the chief executive appointed by the secretary of state on the advice of the NHS board. No mention is made of the NHS Appointments Commission, set up by the Labour government, or how board chairs will …
Sequential analysis shows that blockade in non-cardiac surgery is ineffective and may even be harmful
Authors: A. Messori, V. Fadda, D. Maratea, S. Trippoli
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Bolsin and colleagues state that “conclusive evidence has not emerged” on the use of perioperative β blockers.1 Sequential analysis is a tool for quantifying the amount of information,2 and it can therefore determine when …
Meningeal reaction to starch powder in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Authors: B Dunkley, T T Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Right-sided diaphragmatic hernia: neonatal presentation associated with an unusual physical sign Diaphragmatic hernia is a well-recognised cause of respiratory difficulty soon after birth.Recently, however, attention has been drawn to the fact that right-sided diaphragmatic hernia (RDH) often presents later and atypically.' 2 In these two cases of RDH an unusual physical sign was present, which may help in diagnosis. Case 1A 32-week, 1980 g girl developed clinical and radiological features of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome one hour after an uneventful birth.
New roles revealed for T cells and DCs in glomerulonephritis
Authors: Alfred H.J. Kim, Mary A. Markiewicz, Andrey S. Shaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Little is known about the potential role of T cells in the inflammatory renal disease glomerulonephritis (GN). GN has been historically viewed as a product of immune complex-mediated complement activation, and the presence of autoantibodies made identifying T cell-specific effector contributions difficult to elucidate. In this issue of the JCI, Heymann et al. generate what they believe to be a novel, transgenic murine model of GN, demonstrating a direct role for CD8+ T cells, activated CD4+ T cells, and DCs in the pathogenesis of GN (see the related article beginning on page 1286).
Cell-Mediated Immunity in Halothane Hypersensitivity
Authors: Deborah Doniach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

CLINICAL data accumulated over the past 10 years leave no doubt that postoperative hepatic necrosis may result from halothane anesthesia in predisposed persons. Drug reactions to this otherwise entirely satisfactory anesthetic occur in about 1:10,000 subjects, but fatal cases amount to no more than 1:800,000 anesthetics. Clinical pointers to drug hypersensitivity, such as leukocytosis with eosinophilia, joint pains, rashes and bronchospasm upon inhalation of the drug, are found after halothane, and in two cases abnormal lymphocytes similar to those seen in infectious mononucleosis have been noted in the peripheral blood. The more regular features are unexplained fever with chills, sometimes . . .
A Death in the Family
Authors: Morris A. Wessel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Melvin Krant's article, "A Death in the Family," in the Jan 13 issue ofThe Journal(231:195, 1975) does indeed remind us physicians of feelings of inadequacy we experience as we offer professional care to family members during bereavement. This role is challenging and difficult. When we try to help a bereaved individual, we inevitably experience some of that person's distress. How much help we can offer depends on the magnitude of the distress of the bereaved individual and the confidence we have in our ability to cope with our own reactions to this distress. One of the main problems up to now has been the relatively few clinical studies of the natural history of the grieving and mourning process, in spite of the fact that all human beings experience this syndrome at one time or another. The publication<i>Bereavement—Studies of Grief</i>by Colin Murray Parkes,
In vitro growth factor-induced bio engineering of mature articular cartilage
Authors: Ilyas M. Khan, Lewis Francis, Peter S. Theobald, Stefano Perni, Robert D. Young, Polina Prokopovich, R. Steven Conlan, Charles W. Archer
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)

Articular cartilage maturation is the postnatal development process that adapts joint surfaces to their sitespecific biomechanical demands.Maturation involves gross morphological changes that occur through a process of synchronised growth and resorption of cartilage and generally ends at sexual maturity.The inability to induce maturation in biomaterial constructs designed for cartilage repair has been cited as a major cause for their failure in producing persistent cell-based repair of joint lesions.The combination of growth factors FGF2 and TGFb1 induces accelerated articular cartilage maturation in vitro such that many molecular and morphological characteristics of tissue maturation are observable.We hypothesised that experimental growth factor-induced maturation of immature cartilage would result in a biophysical and biochemical composition consistent with a mature phenotype.Using native immature and mature cartilage as reference, we observed that growth factor-treated immature cartilages displayed increased nano-compressive stiffness, decreased surface adhesion, decreased water content, increased collagen content and smoother surfaces, correlating with a convergence to the mature cartilage phenotype.Furthermore, increased gene expression of surface structural protein collagen type I in growth factor-treated explants compared to reference cartilages demonstrates that they are still in the dynamic phase of the postnatal developmental transition.These data provide a basis for understanding the regulation of postnatal maturation of articular cartilage and the application of growth factor-induced maturation in vitro and in vivo in order to repair and regenerate cartilage defects.