tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of smoking on caffeine elimination in healthy volunteers and in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Rolf Joeres, Hartwig Klinker, Hermann Heusler, Johannes Epping, Walter Zilly, Ernst Richter
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

The effect of smoking on caffeine elimination was measured in 7 healthy volunteers and in 18 smoking and in 30 nonsmoking patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis following oral application of 366 mg caffeine. In an intraindividual experiment in smoking healthy probands, caffeine clearance decreased from 118 ± 33 to 77 ± 22 ml per min (p &lt; 0.05) after abstaining cigarette smoking for 3 weeks. In a control group without liver disease (8 smokers, 15 nonsmokers), we found a caffeine clearance of 114 ± 40 ml per min in smokers and 64 ± 20 in nonsmokers (p &lt; 0.05). Smoking and nonsmoking patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis did not differ with respect to clinical and laboratory data and hexobarbitone elimination. However, caffeine clearance was 63 ± 63 ml per min in smoking patients compared to 34 ± 49 ml per min in nonsmokers (p &lt; 0.05). Fasting plasma concentrations of caffeine were higher in nonsmokers (5.1 ± 6.2 μg per ml) than in smokers (2.1 ± 4.5 μg per ml, p &lt; 0.05). We conclude that smoking habits have to be taken into account if caffeine is used as a model compound for measuring quantitative liver function.
Factors determining myocardial oxygen consumption (MO2) during elevation of aortic blood pressure
Authors: B. BUGGE-ASPERHEIM, O. D. MJØS, F. KIIL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Isoproterenol infusion greatly increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MO2) in dogs, but subsequent elevation of systemic blood pressure with angiotensin had less effect on MO2 than a similar rise in systemic blood pressure at control adrenergic activity. Plasma free fatty acids increased threefold during isoproterenol infusion, and fell during angiotensin infusion. This study suggests that changes in MO2 do not necessarily parallel changes in mechanical performance.
TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA TREATED BY INTRANEURAL INJECTIONS OF OSMIC ACID.
Authors: JOHN B. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

June 8, 1903, Mr. A. L. C, age 76 years, retired farmer, presented himself to me for treatment of a long-standing facial neuralgia. He gave the following history : For thirteen years has suffered from neuralgic pains in right side of face, but they were not very severe or constant until four years ago. At that time he had a severe attack, which he thought was caused by a diseased upper cuspid tooth on right side. The tooth was removed about two months after the onset, and for the six weeks following he was relieved. Pain then recurred and was severe and persistent. Two years ago he had an operation performed on the right superior maxilla, the exact nature of which he does not know. He was free from pain for four months after the operation, but at the end of that time it returned, and has been present, at
Corticosteroid injections effective for trigger finger in adults in general practice: a double-blinded randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: C Peters-Veluthamaningal, J C Winters, K H Groenier, B M.-d. Jong
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To study efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injections for trigger finger (flexor tenosynovitis) in adults in general practice. <h3>Methods:</h3> Adult patients presenting with trigger finger were recruited by 21 participating general practitioners. In this randomised placebo controlled double-blinded trial, patients were injected locally with one or two injections of 1 ml triamcinolonacetonide (TCA) or 0.9% NaCl. Outcomes regarding immediate treatment response, severity of symptoms, functional disability, patient satisfaction and side effects were measured 1 week after intervention and during the 12 months thereafter. <h3>Results:</h3> A total of 50 patients were included. Short-term outcomes for the TCA and NaCl group, respectively, were: proportion of patients with satisfactory immediate treatment response 16/25 and 5/25 (p&lt;0.001), patients with reduction in the frequency of triggering 13/24 and 6/22 (p = 0.053), mean difference in severity of pain 4.2 and 0.9 (p&lt;0.001), patients perceiving improvement 22/25 and 9/25 (p&lt;0.001) and difference in Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 (AIMS-2) score 4.02 and 0.06 (p = 0.001). Long-term effects could only be assessed by analysing the cohort of participants who received TCA (as allocated treatment or escape treatment), due to a high proportion of non-responders in the NaCl group. The short-term beneficial effects were maintained during the follow-up phase of 12 months. Patients were satisfied with corticosteroid injection therapy and there were only a few minor side effects. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Local injection with TCA is effective and safe for treating trigger finger as compared to placebo injection. The effects of steroid injections last up to 12 months. <h3>Trial registration number:</h3> ISRCTN53171398.
A New Esophageal and Cardiospasm Dilator
Authors: MOSES EINHORN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 February 1931A New Esophageal and Cardiospasm DilatorMOSES EINHORN, M.D.MOSES EINHORN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-8-990 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCardiospasm has been defined as a spasm of the musculature of the cardia or epicardia sufficient to cause either partial or complete obstruction to the passage of food from the esophagus into the stomach. The subject of the treatment of this condition has occupied the attention of clinicians throughout the world, and the only effectual results were obtained by a series of intermittent dilatations by means of rubber balloon dilators operated by hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure. Some, particularly Starck1and Schreiber2, have preferred using mechanical divulsors, inserted through the esophagoscope, under the guidance of the eye and the sense of...References1 STARCKE H: Miinchen, med. Wchnschr., 1924, 11:334. Google Scholar2 SCHREIBER : Archives fur Verdkr., 192, 8. Google Scholar3 PLUMMER HS: Cardiospasm, with a report of forty cases. J. Am. M. Assn., 1908, 1i, 549:554. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4 SIPPY BW: The Geo. Blumer edition of Billings-Forchheimer's Therapeusis of Internal Diseases, Vol. IV, p. 473. Google Scholar5 MOSHER HP: Cardiospasm, Penn. M. J., xxvi, 240, January, 1923. Google Scholar6 VINCENT PP: A case of cardiospasm with dilatation and angulation of the esophagus. Med. Clin. N. Amer., 1919-1920, iii, 623:627. Google Scholar7 ZOHLEN JP: A new collapsible esophageal and cardiospasm dilator, Wis. Med. Jour., XXVII, 4, 168:171, April, 1929. Google Scholar8 MILKULICZ J: Zur Pathologie und Therapie des Cardiospasmus. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., 1904, xxx, 17:19; 50:54. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 ERDMANN JF: Cardiospasm with report of an operative case. Ann. Surg., 1906, xliii, 224:230. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10 EINHORN M: Gastric feeding as a new treatment for cardiospasm, Ann. Internal Med., vol. 3, no. 11, May, 1930, 1143:1146. LinkGoogle Scholar11 EINHORN M: A new tip for gastroduodenal tubes, J. A. M. A., 1926, vol. 86, pp. 1615:1616. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MOSES EINHORN, M.D.Affiliations: New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDer Kardiospasmus 1 February 1931Volume 4, Issue 8Page: 990-996KeywordsCardiaCardiospasmEsophagusFoodStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Looking inside arteries.
Authors: A May
Journal: BMJ (1978)

events), the Benton Visual Retention Test, Inglis PALT, Digit Symbol and Block Design Subtests, reaction times, Mill Hill Vocabulary Test, and Raven Progressive Matrices.Computerised axial tomography, serological tests for syphilis, thyroid function tests, serum vitamin B12 and folate estimations, and liver and renal function tests were performed on all patients.Two patients were found to have low folate levels, but correction of this deficiency failed to improve their dementia.Treatment was begun with bromocriptine 2-5 mg daily and increased by 2-5 mg increments at 4-day intervals to a maximum dose of 20 mg daily.Patients were assessed clinically at fortnightly intervals and after eight weeks of maximum tolerated doses of bromocriptine psychological testing was repeated.Placebo was then substituted for bromocriptine unknown to the patient and a further assessment made after two weeks.Bromocriptine failed to improve cognitive disabilities.Side effects including confusion and nausea were common, only six patients attaining a dose of 20 mg.The relatives of three patients, however, reported improvement
Relationships between tumor grade and neurocognitive functioning in patients with glioma of the left temporal lobe prior to surgical resection
Authors: K. R. Noll, C. Sullaway, M. Ziu, J. S. Weinberg, J. S. Wefel
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Various tumor characteristics have been associated with neurocognitive functioning (NCF), though the role of tumor grade has not been adequately examined. Seventy-two patients with histologically confirmed grade IV glioma (n = 37), grade III glioma (n = 20), and grade II glioma (n = 15) in the left temporal lobe completed preoperative neuropsychological assessment. Rates of impairment and mean test performances were compared by tumor grade with follow-up analysis of the influence of other tumor- and patient-related characteristics on NCF. NCF impairment was more frequent in patients with grade IV tumor compared with patients with lower-grade tumors in verbal learning, executive functioning, as well as language abilities. Mean performances significantly differed by tumor grade on measures of verbal learning, processing speed, executive functioning, and language, with the grade IV group exhibiting worse performances than patients with lower-grade tumors. Group differences in mean performances remained significant when controlling for T1-weighted and fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI-based lesion volume. Performances did not differ by seizure status or antiepileptic and steroid use. Compared with patients with grade II or III left temporal lobe glioma, patients with grade IV tumors exhibit greater difficulty with verbal learning, processing speed, executive functioning, and language. Differences in NCF associated with glioma grade were independent of lesion volume, seizure status, and antiepileptic or steroid use, lending support to the concept of "lesion momentum" as a primary contributor to deficits in NCF of newly diagnosed patients prior to surgery.
Metabolism of bovine parathyroid hormone. Immunological and biological characteristics of fragments generated by liver perfusion.
Authors: J M Canterbury, L A Bricker, G S Levey, P L Kozlovskis, E Ruiz, J E Zull, E Reiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The metabolism of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the perfused rat liver was studied. Labeled hormone, with or without cold hormone, was infused into the circulating perfusion medium containing various calcium concentrations. Pefusate samples at various time periods after the introduction of PTH into the system were chromatographed on Bio-gel P-10; radioactivity and/or immunoreactivity were measured in eluted fractions. Before the perfusion, all immuno- and radioactivity eluted in a single peak, with an apparent mol wt of 9,500 (peak I). After perfusion for 15 min, two other peaks with approximate mol wt of 7,000 (peak II) and 3,500 (peak III) were discernible. Peak I contained both NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal immunoreactivity and was biologically active at all time periods tested. The relative contribution of NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal immunoreactivity to the total immunoreactivity remained constant in this peak throughout the perfusion. In every respect, peak I had the characteristics of intact hormone. At all times, peak II consisted of only COOH-terminal immunoreactivity and was biologically inactive. At early time periods, peak III contained predominantly NH2-terminal immunoreactivity and was biologically active. With time, the relative contribution of NH2-terminal immunoreactivity decreased strikingly while that of COOH-terminal immunoreactivity increased. The three peaks identified in these experiments were analogous in size, biological activity, and immunological characteristics to those we have previously described for fractionated human hyperparathyroid serum. The rate of metabolism of PTH appeared to be regulated by the calcium concentration in the medium. At a high concentration of calcium (greater than 11 mg/100 ml), PTH metabolism was greatly retarded. At a low concentration of calcium (smaller than 5 mg/100 ml), the rate of metabolism was greatly increased. The physiological significance of our observations on the metabolism of PTH by isolated perfused rat liver is not known. However, since such metabolism results in a biologically active fragment, it is suggested that metabolism of intact hormone may be required before full biological expression is possible.
A clinicopathological study of mucosal involvement in linear IgA disease
Authors: SUSAN E. KELLY, PEGGY A. FRITH, P. R. MILLARD, FENELLA WOJNAROWSKA, M. M. BLACK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Mucosal involvement in linear IgA disease was assessed clinically and immunologically using direct and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. There was clinical evidence of oral mucosal involvement in all 10 patients examined and conjunctival disease in six. Direct IF findings correlated well with clinical oral disease, with all patients demonstrating linear IgA deposits in the basement membrane zone of oral mucosa, However, this was not true of conjunctiva where no linear IgA could be demonstrated. Conjunctiva did provide a good substrate for indirect immunofluorescence using patients' sera, and showed that five of the ro patients had circulating anti‐basement membrane zone IgA.
A Proof-of-Principle Clinical Trial of Bexarotene in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Konstantin H. Dragnev, W. Jeffrey Petty, Sumit J. Shah, Lionel D. Lewis, Candice C. Black, Vincent Memoli, William C. Nugent, Thomas Hermann, Andres Negro-Vilar, James R. Rigas, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Bexarotene is a rexinoid (selective retinoid X receptor agonist) that affects proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in preclinical studies. The relationship between bexarotene levels and biomarker changes in tumor tissues has not been previously studied.BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, retinoid-resistant BEAS-2B-R1 cells, A427, H226, and H358 lung cancer cells were treated with bexarotene. Proliferation and biomarker expression were assessed. In a proof-of-principle clinical trial, bexarotene tumor tissue levels and intratumoral pharmacodynamic effects were assessed in patients with stages I to II non-small cell lung cancer. Bexarotene (300 mg/m(2)/day) was administered p.o. for 7 to 9 days before resection.Bexarotene-induced dosage-dependent repression of growth, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, total epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and phospho-EGFR expression in BEAS-2B, BEAS-2B-R1, A427, and H358, but not H226 cells. Twelve patients were enrolled, and 10 were evaluable. Bexarotene treatment was well tolerated. There was nonlinear correlation between plasma and tumor bexarotene concentrations (r(2) = 0.77). Biomarker changes in tumors were observed: repression of cyclin D1, total EGFR and proliferation in one case; repression of cyclin D3, total and phospho-EGFR in another. The cases with multiple biomarker changes had high tumor bexarotene (107-159 ng/g). A single biomarker change was detected in one case with low tumor bexarotene.Bexarotene represses proliferation and biomarker expression in responsive, but not resistant HBE and lung cancer cells. Similar biomarker changes occur in lung tumors when therapeutic intratumoral bexarotene levels are achieved. This proof-of-principle trial approach is useful to uncover pharmacodynamic mechanisms in vivo and relate these to intratumoral pharmacokinetic effects.
Angioedema of the Intestine
Authors: K W Gregory, R C Davis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. Abdominal computed tomography was performed in a 58-year-old woman with acute abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention. The patient had had recurrent swelling of the tongue and pharynx during therapy with lisinopril, but the medication had been continued. On the scan, the mucosa of a loop of small intestine is markedly thickened, and the irregularities within the wall are most consistent with the presence of edema (thick arrow). The valvulae conniventes are prominent and widened (thin arrow), resulting in a severely narrowed lumen. All of the patient's symptoms resolved within 24 hours after the discontinuation of lisinopril. . . .
Fitting the drug to the patient
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether the daily workload per nurse (Oulu Patient Classification (OPCq)/nurse) as measured by the RAFAELA system correlates with different types of patient safety incidents and with patient mortality, and to compare the results with regressions based on the standard patients/nurse measure. <h3>Setting</h3> We obtained data from 36 units from four Finnish hospitals. One was a tertiary acute care hospital, and the three others were secondary acute care hospitals. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients’ nursing intensity (249 123 classifications), nursing resources, patient safety incidents and patient mortality were collected on a daily basis during 1 year, corresponding to 12 475 data points. Associations between OPC/nurse and patient safety incidents or mortality were estimated using unadjusted logistic regression models, and models that adjusted for ward-specific effects, and effects of day of the week, holiday and season. <h3>Primary and secondary outcome measures</h3> Main outcome measures were patient safety incidents and death of a patient. <h3>Results</h3> When OPC/nurse was above the assumed optimal level, the adjusted odds for a patient safety incident were 1.24 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.42) that of the assumed optimal level, and 0.79 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.93) if it was below the assumed optimal level. Corresponding estimates for patient mortality were 1.43 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.73) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.00), respectively. As compared with the patients/nurse classification, models estimated on basis of the RAFAELA classification system generally provided larger effect sizes, greater statistical power and better model fit, although the difference was not very large. Net benefits as calculated on the basis of decision analysis did not provide any clear evidence on which measure to prefer. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have demonstrated an association between daily workload per nurse and patient safety incidents and mortality. Current findings need to be replicated by future studies.
IL3 effect on basophils histamine release upon stimulation with chronic urticaria sera
Authors: M. Ferrer, E. Luquin, A. P. Kaplan
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Chronic urticaria is thought to be an autoimmune disorder in 35–40% of patients because of the presence of an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody reactive with the IgE receptor. Patients possessing this antibody are identified by the ability of serum to degranulate donor basophils to release histamine. We questioned whether priming of basophils with interleukin 3 (IL3) would facilitate identification of patients and/or alter the percentage of patients who have a positive assay. Methods: We incubated 37 chronic urticaria sera with basophils from donors with no urticaria with and without priming with IL3 and compared histamine release in each instance. We also preincubated basophils from a ‘non‐releaser’ with IL3, used these cells to assay chronic urticaria sera, and assessed the contribution of complement. Results: Interleukin 3 increases the amount of histamine release by the sera which is able to activate basophils, but it does not convert negative sera into positive releasers. Interleukin 3 is able to partially reverse ‘non‐releaser’ basophils into cells that respond to chronic urticaria sera, and complement cannot account for the augmentation seen. Conclusions: Preincubating basophils with IL3 facilitates the identification of sera with anti‐IgE receptor antibody but does not affect the percentage of sera designated as positive.
The effect of the DLTIDDSYWYRI motif of the human laminin α2 chain on implant osseointegration
Authors: Hyun Ki Kang, O. Bok Kim, Seung-Ki Min, Sung Youn Jung, Da Hyun Jang, Taek-Ka Kwon, Byung-Moo Min, In-Sung Yeo
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Bone Scan Appearance of Osteogenesis lmperfecta in an Adult
Authors: ELISSA LIPCON KRAMER, MAHVASH RAFII, EUGENE FAZZINI, JOSEPH SANGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

An adult patient with undiagnosed osteogenesis imperfecta presented with a history of multiple fractures. Radiographs could not definitively diagnose the underlying abnormality. The radionuclide bone image suggested the presence of a skeletal dysplasia, and prompted the histopathologic review of fracture fragments. The scan appearance of osteogenesis imperfecta in the adult and possible underlying mechanisms for the radiopharmaceutical distribution are discussed.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography with Fine-Needle Aspiration: An Accurate and Simple Diagnostic Modality for Sarcoidosis
Authors: None Mishra, None Sahai, None Penman, None Williams, None Judson, None Lewin, None Hawes, None Hoffman
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is an established imaging technique that is now accepted as the most accurate method for locoregional tumor staging in gastrointestinal malignancies [1] [2] [3]. Until recently, computed tomography (CT) scanning was the primary method for imaging these neoplasms. There have been numerous reports showing that endoscopic ultrasonography with fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is the most accurate nonsurgical method for detecting posterior mediastinal lymph nodes [4] [5]. Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disease that is characterized by noncaseating granulomas. The prevalence of sarcoidosis ranges from less than one case to 40 cases per 100 000, with an age-adjusted annual incidence rate in the United States of 10.9 per 100 000 for whites and 35.5 per 100 000 for blacks [6].