tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Adhesion Molecules Expression and Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Leukocytes of Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: LARISSA DYUGOVSKAYA, PERETZ LAVIE, LENA LAVIE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Free radicals and adhesion molecules were implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, we investigated the link between CD15, CD11c, CD11b, and CD64 expression on leukocytes and their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with OSA and control volunteers. We also studied the effects of hypoxia in vitro on monocytes from control subjects and the ability of monocytes from both groups to adhere to human endothelial cells in culture. The effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment was studied as well. We found that OSA was associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules CD15 and CD11c on monocytes, increased adherence of monocytes in culture to human endothelial cells, increased intracellular ROS production in some monocyte and granulocyte subpopulations, and upregulation of CD15 expression due to hypoxia in vitro in monocytes of control subjects. Furthermore, nCPAP treatment was associated with downregulation of CD15 and CD11c monocyte expression and decreased basal ROS production in CD11c+ monocytes. Monocyte adherence to endothelial cells decreased as well. Our findings provide one of the possible mechanisms for explaining the high rate of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with sleep apnea.
Role of Clopidogrel in Managing Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Shervin Eshaghian, Sanjay Kaul, Sameer Amin, Prediman K. Shah, George A. Diamond
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Aspirin is the most widely used antiplatelet agent for preventing and treating vascular events. The thienopyridine derivatives, ticlopidine and clopidogrel, are a suitable alternative in patients who are intolerant to aspirin, and clopidogrel exhibits better tolerability than ticlopidine. The available evidence from randomized trials indicates that dual therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin is modestly but significantly more effective than aspirin in preventing serious vascular events. It is also associated with a favorable benefit–risk profile in patients at high risk (especially in acute coronary syndromes and after stenting). In patients at low risk (stable cardiovascular disease), however, the bleeding risk of dual therapy exceeds its potential benefit. The dose and duration of pretreatment before stenting, the optimal duration of treatment after drug-eluting stent implantation, concurrent administration of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and the exact mechanism and clinical relevance of clopidogrel resistance are unclear.
Phylogenetic Analysis of the ING Family of PHD Finger Proteins
Authors: Gordon H.Y. He, Caren C. Helbing, Mary J. Wagner, Christoph W. Sensen, Karl Riabowol
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Since the discovery of ING1 class II tumor suppressors in 1996, five different ING genes (ING1 to ING5) encoding proteins with highly conserved plant homeodomain (PHD) motifs and several splicing isoforms of the ING1 and ING2 gene have been identified. The ING family functions in DNA repair and apoptosis in response to UV damage through binding to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); chromatin remodeling and regulation of gene expression through regulating and/or targeting histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase (HAT/HDAC) activities; binding targets of rare phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) that function in DNA damage-initiated stress signaling; and regulating brain tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional repression of NF-KB–responsive genes. To elucidate the evolutionary history of ING proteins and summarize what is known about regions highly conserved in the ING family members, we have examined the sequences and phylogenetic relationships of ING proteins across taxonomically diverse organisms. We have identified novel ING family members in rats, frogs, fish, mosquitoes, fruit flies, worms, fungi, and plants. We have also clarified the naming and classification of ING proteins based on our phylogenetic analysis to allow better understanding of the ING protein family. Using sequence similarities, we have identified novel regions and motifs of unknown function that are conserved across family members. An evolutionary history for the ING family of PHD finger proteins is presented that indicates that five ING genes are present in vertebrates. Three of these may be paralogs of ING genes found in arthropods, whereas nematodes, fungi, and green plants contain ING genes that have general features of the vertebrate ING family.
A Multiple-diameter Bougie Fitted over a Small-caliber Fiberscope
Authors: G. Buess, J. Thon, F. Hutterer
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

New instruments for dilatation of the upper gastrointestinal tract are described: 1. A hollow plastic bougie with an inside diameter of approximately 10 mm to allow a 9 mm endoscope to pass. The diameter of this tube-like bougie increases in four steps up to 16 mm. 2. A second-similar bougie employs a flexible bronchoscope for guidance of the bougie. This system permits bougienage from 4 to 11.5 mm. The system permits stepwise bougienage of stenoses using only two instruments. For the first time complete endoscopic control of bougienage is possible.
Intramedullary fixation of cortical bone osteotomies with absorbable self-reinforced fibrillated poly-96L/4D-lactide (SR-PLA96) rods in rabbits
Authors: A Saikku-Bäckström, R.-M Tulamo, J.E Räihä, M Kellomäki, T Toivonen, P Törmälä, P Rokkanen
Journal: Biomaterials (2000)
Hungary to close 9000 hospital beds to bring it closer to EU average
Authors: Thomas Land
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The Hungarian government has announced plans to improve the cost effectiveness of the national hospital service. It will phase out 9000 hospital beds; improve the capacity of some strategically placed hospitals; and merge, reorganise, or downgrade other hospitals. Legislation to provide for the change is being introduced at once and is intended to come into effect by March. 

Hungary's 160 hospitals, which serve a population of 10 million people, will be organised in three categories. There will be 31 specialised hospitals with 24 hour emergency wards and facilities to care for the most acute cases. No patient should have to travel more than 50 km …
By the Numbers: How Much Angina Will Make a Gambler Quit?
Authors: Frederic W. Platt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —I was touched by Dr Greengold's 1 essay By the Numbers inThe Journal. She understands both our love of quantification and our desire to practice humane medicine, two sometimes conflicting goals. Five years ago my father, an addicted gambler, suffered a myocardial infarction while at a race track. Despite the crushing chest pain, he remained at the track until the day's events were finished. He was then hospitalized and  flew to visit with him.  asked him how bad the chest pain had been. I don't know, he replied, but  can tell you that  couldn't get up to bet on any of the last eight races. It was clear to me that his pain was an eight on a 10-point scale.
Apoptosis of cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells induced by IgG2a monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibodies
Authors: Toshinobu Sato, Mieneke G.A. van Dixhoorn, Willeke E.M. Schroeijers, Tom W.J. Huizinga, Chris P.M. Reutelingsperger, Leendert A. van Es, Mohamed R. Daha
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
The public health relevance of air pollution abatement
Authors: N. Künzli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Assuming a causal relationship between current levels of air pollution and morbidity/mortality, it is crucial to estimate the public health relevance of the problem. The derivation of air pollution attributable cases faces inherent uncertainties and requires influential assumptions. Based on the results of the trinational impact assessment study of Austria, France, and Switzerland, where prudent estimates of the air pollution attributable cases (mortality, chronic bronchitis incidence, hospital admissions, acute bronchitis among children, restricted activity days, asthma attacks) have been made, influential uncertainties are quantified in this review. The public health impact of smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, and air pollution on the prevalence of chronic cough/phlegm are outlined. Despite all methodological caveats, impact assessment studies clearly suggest that public health largely benefits from better air quality. The studies are selective underestimates as they are strongly driven by mortality, but do not include full quantification of the impact on morbidity and their consequences on quality of life among the diseased and the caregivers. Air pollution abatement strategies are usually political in nature, targeting at policies, regulation and technology in mobile or stationary sources rather than at individuals. It is of note that key clean air strategies converge into abatement of climate change. In general, energy consumption is very closely related to both air pollution and greenhouse gases. The dominant causes of both problems are the excessive and inefficient combustion of fossil fuel. Thus, for many policy options, the benefit of air pollution abatement will go far beyond what prudent health-impact assessments may derive. From a climate change and air pollution perspective, improved energy efficiency and a strong and decisive departure from the “fossil fuel” combustion society is a science-based must. Health professionals must raise their voices in the political decision process to give strong support for clean air policies, both on a national and international level.
Which patient benefits from early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition after myocardial infarction? Results of one-year serial echocardiographic follow-up from the captopril and thrombolysis study (CATS)
Authors: Wiek H. van Gilst, J. Herre Kingma, Kathinka H. Peels, Jan-Henk E. Dambrink, Martin St.John Sutton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives. In this study we sought to investigate the effect of intervention with captopril within 6 h of the onset of myocardial infarction on left ventricular volume and clinical symptoms of heart failure in relation to infarct size during a 1-year follow-up period. Background. Remodelling of the heart starts in the early phase of myocardial infarction and is associated with an adverse prognosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition started in the subacute or late phase after myocardial infarction has been shown to improve prognosis. Methods. In the Captopril and Thrombolysis Study, 298 patients with a first anterior myocardial infarction treated with intravenous streptokinase were randomized to recieve either oral captopril (25 mg three times a day) or placebo. The left ventricular volume index was assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography within 24 h, on days 3, 10 and 90 and after 1 year. Results. A small but significant increase in left ventricular volume indexes was observed after 12 months. Using a random coefficient model, no significant treatment effect on left ventricular volumes could be detected. In contrast, when survival models were used, the occurrence of left ventricular dilation was significantly lower in captopril-treated patients (p = 0.018). In addition, the incidence of heart failure was lower in the captopril group (p < 0.03). This effect appeared early and was most obvious in patients with a medium-sized infarct (p = 0.04) and was not present in large infarcts. Conclusions. Very early treatment with captopril after myocardial infarction significantly reduces the occurrence of early dilation and the progression to heart failure. These data underscore the importance of early treatment. Furthermore, patients with intermediate infarct size benefit the most from this treatment strategy.
Daily Hemodialysis and the Outcome of Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Helmut Schiffl, Susanne M. Lang, Rainald Fischer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Intermittent hemodialysis is widely used as renal-replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure, but an adequate dose has not been defined. We performed a prospective study to determine the effect of daily intermittent hemodialysis, as compared with conventional (alternate-day) intermittent hemodialysis, on survival among patients with acute renal failure.
Aldose Reductase and Complications of Diabetes
Authors: DAVID G. COGAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Tissues of the eye affected by diabetes are the lens, cornea, and retina. The lens becomes cataractous through osmotic swelling of its cortical fibers. Sorbitol, formed in the presence of aldose reductase, accumulates in the lens during hyperglycemia. Dulcitol similarly accumulates in the presence of galactosemia. Cataractogenesis in both cases can be prevented by inhibitors of aldose reductase. The efficacy of synthetic inhibitors differs in various tissues and species, but they react with aldose reductase at a common structural site. The most promising inhibitor is sorbinil . Diabetic retinopathy is similarly related to sorbitol accumulation and may be prevented or reversed by inhibition of aldose reductase. Healing of corneal wounds in diabetes is facilitated by enzyme inhibition. Retinal vasculopathy of diabetes is due to selective loss of the intramural pericytes that normally form structural elements in the retinal capillary walls. The vulnerability of these cells is due to their aldose reductase content. Whether inhibition of aldose reductase will prevent retinopathy is being tested in a randomized trial conducted by the National Eye Institute.
Small-Bowel Intussusception
Authors: Colin H Wilson, Steve A White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In this previously healthy 22-year-old man with a hemoglobin level of 5.1 g per deciliter, endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract was unremarkable, despite a positive test for fecal occult blood. Six days later, he presented with abdominal pain and vomiting.
Quality of Care and Mortality in Pediatric Intensive Care Units
Authors: Thomas P. Green
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The report by Dr Pollack and colleagues 1 on the impact of residents and critical care specialists on outcome in pediatrie ICUs strengthens the arguments for sub-specialization in this area. However, serious flaws in the analysis limit the extrapolation of their conclusions beyond the few institutions studied.  On one hand, we are not surprised with the finding that the presence of intensivists was associated with improved survival. Pollack's previous work 2 supports this same conclusion. Indeed, guidelines developed by the Pediatrie Section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Committee on Hospital Care of the American Academy of Pediatrics provide that medical direction be delivered by a certified intensivist and that multiple specialists, including intensivists, be available on short notice. 3 A pediatrie ICU without critical care specialists is analogous to a cardiac surgery operating room without an appropriately trained surgeon. We question whether the
MULTICENTRE TRIAL OF ETHAMSYLATE FOR PREVENTION OF PERIVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE IN VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: JohnW.T Benson, Christine Hayward, JohnP Osborne, JaneF Schulte, MarkR Drayton, JohnF Murphy, JanetM Rennie, BrianD Speidel, RichardW.I Cooke
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Chronic active hepatitis associated with etretinate therapy
Authors: VIRGINIA C. WEISS, T. LAYDEN, A. SPINOWITZ, C.M. BUYS, B.A. NEMCHAUSKY, D.P. WEST, K.M. EMMONS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Chronic active hepatitis associated with etretinate therapy Get access VIRGINIA C. WEISS, VIRGINIA C. WEISS Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Virginia C. Weiss, M.D., University of Illinois at Chicago, Health Sciences Center, Department of Dermatology—MC 624, P.O. Box 6998, Chicago. IL 60680, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. LAYDEN, T. LAYDEN Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. SPINOWITZ, A. SPINOWITZ Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. BUYS, C.M. BUYS Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.A. NEMCHAUSKY, B.A. NEMCHAUSKY Department of Medicine, Hines V.A. Hospital, Hines, Illinois, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.P. WEST, D.P. WEST Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A.Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.M. EMMONS K.M. EMMONS Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 5, 1 May 1985, Pages 591–597, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb15269.x Published: 01 May 1985 Article history Accepted: 17 September 1984 Published: 01 May 1985
Birth Outcomes and Prenatal Exposure to Ozone, Carbon Monoxide, and Particulate Matter: Results from the Children’s Health Study
Authors: Muhammad T. Salam, Joshua Millstein, Yu-Fen Li, Frederick W. Lurmann, Helene G. Margolis, Frank D. Gilliland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Exposures to ambient air pollutants have been associated with adverse birth outcomes. We investigated the effects of air pollutants on birth weight mediated by reduced fetal growth among term infants who were born in California during 1975-1987 and who participated in the Children's Health Study. Birth certificates provided maternal reproductive history and residence location at birth. Sociodemographic factors and maternal smoking during pregnancy were collected by questionnaire. Monthly average air pollutant levels were interpolated from monitors to the ZIP code of maternal residence at childbirth. Results from linear mixed-effects regression models showed that a 12-ppb increase in 24-hr ozone averaged over the entire pregnancy was associated with 47.2 g lower birth weight [95% confidence interval (CI), 27.4-67.0 g], and this association was most robust for exposures during the second and third trimesters. A 1.4-ppm difference in first-trimester carbon monoxide exposure was associated with 21.7 g lower birth weight (95% CI, 1.1-42.3 g) and 20% increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation (95% CI, 1.0-1.4). First-trimester CO and third-trimester O3 exposures were associated with 20% increased risk of intrauterine growth retardation. A 20-microg/m3 difference in levels of particulate matter < or = 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) during the third trimester was associated with a 21.7-g lower birth weight (95% CI, 1.1-42.2 g), but this association was reduced and not significant after adjusting for O3. In summary, O3 exposure during the second and third trimesters and CO exposure during the first trimester were associated with reduced birth weight.
Hyperglycemia attenuates the gastrokinetic effect of erythromycin and affects the perception of postprandial hunger in normal subjects.
Authors: K L Jones, M Berry, M F Kong, M A Kwiatek, M Samsom, M Horowitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The major aims of this study were to determine in normal subjects whether the effects of erythromycin on gastric emptying, postprandial hunger, and fullness are modified by the blood glucose concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 10 normal subjects (aged 20-39 years) underwent concurrent measurements of gastric emptying, blood glucose, hunger, and fullness on four separate occasions: twice during euglycemia (approximately 4 mmol/l) and twice during hyperglycemia (approximately 15 mmol/l). Either erythromycin (3 mg/kg) or saline (0.9%) was administered intravenously immediately before ingestion of a radioisotopically labeled solid meal. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was slower (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) during hyperglycemia when compared with euglycemia after both erythromycin and saline administration. During hyperglycemia, erythromycin reduced the lag phase (77.8 +/- 12.6 vs. 20.3 +/- 7.3 min; P &amp;lt; 0.05) but had no effect on the postlag emptying rate (0.32 +/- 0.077% per min vs. 0.24% per min). Hunger decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and fullness increased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) after the meal. Postprandial hunger was less during hyperglycemia after saline infusion (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not after erythromycin. Hunger was greater after erythromycin during both hyperglycemia and euglycemia (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: At a blood glucose concentration of approximately 15 mmol/l, 1) gastric emptying of a solid meal is slower, when compared with euglycemia, even after administration of erythromycin; 2) the effect of erythromycin on gastric emptying of a solid meal is attenuated; and 3) the perception of postprandial hunger is reduced.
P251 The Role of Reactive Oxidative Species Within Cigarette Smoke Extract on Apoptosis and Inflammation in Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells: Abstract P251 Table 1
Authors: D Comer, JS Elborn, M Ennis
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The responses of the bronchial epithelium to cigarette smoke (CS) are well characterized, but effects on the nasal epithelium, also important in respiratory disease, are not as well defined. The mechanism of cell death due to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure is controversial. As there is convincing evidence that cigarette smoke decreases levels of protective antioxidants, we hypothesised that reactive oxidative species contained within CSE contribute to its immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties. <h3>Methods</h3> Nasal brushings were obtained from 16 healthy volunteers from the medial aspect of the inferior turbinate as previously described. CSE was prepared by combusting 1 Marlboro cigarette through 25 ml of media. Cell viability was determined after primary nasal epithelial cells (PNECs) were stimulated with 5% CSE for 24 h (caspase 3 levels determined after 4 h), in the presence or absence of 20 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC). In separate experiments, cultures were stimulated with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> lipopolysaccharide (PA LPS) for 24 h (0 – 30 µg/ml), and the effects of pre-incubation with CSE±20 mM NAC for 4 h evaluated in terms of cytokine release. Phospho-NF-κB activity was determined after 1 h PA LPS exposure. Apoptosis was evaluated using annexin-V staining and the terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) method. <h3>Results</h3> 5% CSE (4 h) exposure was immunosuppressive in PNEC cultures for both IL-8 and IL-6 release (0.53 fold reduction in IL-8 and 0.49 fold reduction in IL-6 release after stimulation with 30 µg/ml PA LPS for 24 h). 4 h exposure to CSE heightened active caspase 3 levels, and a 24 h exposure induced both early and late apoptosis established by annexin-V staining (Table 1). Apoptosis was confirmed using the TUNEL assay. All of these effects were mitigated with the addition of 20 mM NAC to the CSE (0.85 fold reduction in IL-8 and 0.73 fold reduction in IL-6 release after stimulation with 30µg/ml PA LPS for 24 h). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A 4 h CSE exposure was immunosuppressive in PNEC cultures and induced apoptosis. Reactive oxidative species are at least partially responsible for these observations. Research funded by NI RDO.