tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Care in a Free Community Clinic
Authors: Lee Philip Schacter
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IN THE 1960s a number of "free clinics" were developed in various North American cities.<sup>1</sup>These clinics had the common objective of providing medical care and counseling in an atmosphere different from the practitioner's office, hospital clinic, or university dispensary. Usually organized by young physicians and health care activists, they were free in the sense of charging little or nothing for their services; using the word in another sense, they were free of the usual structure of health care provision. An attempt was made in these clinics to keep the patient and the patient's needs paramount, to minimize paper work and bureaucracy, and to make the physician a member rather than director of the health team. Particular emphasis was placed on avoiding judgmental attitudes about venereal disease, pregnancy, birth control, or drug use, and on providing patient education in all these areas. The free clinics were in large part
Erythrocyte microparticles can induce kidney vaso-occlusions in a murine model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Stéphane M. Camus, Blandine Gausserès, Philippe Bonnin, Laurent Loufrani, Linda Grimaud, Dominique Charue, Joao A. De Moraes, Jean-Marie Renard, Alain Tedgui, Chantal M. Boulanger, Pierre-Louis Tharaux, Olivier P. Blanc-Brude
Journal: Blood (2012)
Gastric Histoplasmosis
Authors: Howard L. Nudelman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

HISTOPLASMOSIS may involve many organ systems of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract,<sup>1</sup>but lesions in the stomach are rare. This communication describes what we believe to be the first published case of gastric histoplasmosis mimicking carcinoma of the stomach. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 66-year-old white man (8-0-60-00314) was admitted to Barnes Hospital on June 21, 1960, for radical neck dissection after a malignant melanoma of the right subauricular area had been excised when he was an outpatient. Surgery was postponed because of fever, the temperature fluctuating between 98.6 and 104 F (37 and 40 C). The temperature elevations usually occurred in late afternoon and early evening. Findings of the physical examination were normal except for hepatomegaly, 2 to 3 cm below the right costal margin. X-rays of the chest demonstrated a right hilar mass with multiple small nodules in the right hilar area and left lower lobe,
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces UCP2 expression by decreasing mitochondrial respiratory activities in aging rat brain
Authors: Minna Gao, Li Liu, Linhui Wang, Gang Yu, Yu Li
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and mitochondria dysfunction have been associated with various neurological and psychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. UCP2 (The uncoupling protein 2) is one member of UCPs, which are a family of mitochondrial anion-carrier proteins. In this study, we intended to investigate the changes of UCP2 and mitochondrial respiratory activities in aging rat brains during chronic hypoperfusion of rats.
Worse for the fish
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

understanding of their motivations and of the cultural and economic contexts in which their movements occur.Criminalising migrants or the industries they work in simply forces them "underground," making them more difficult to reach with appropriate services and increasing the likelihood of exploitation.We do not dispute that in both settings migrants have suffered hardship and abuse, but current "anti-trafficking" approaches do not help their problems.The agendas need to be redrawn so that they reflect the needs of the populations they aim to serve, rather than emotive reactions to sensationalised media coverage.This requires deeper investigation at both local and regional levels, including participatory research to inform interventions from the experiences of the migrants and their communities.From the research that we have conducted in Mali and Cambodia, we recommend the following:
Neuromuscular Sequelae of Critical Illness
Authors: Leonard D. Hudson, Catherine M. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Until recently, survival to hospital discharge was the primary outcome considered in reports concerning populations of critically ill patients. But a body of knowledge is now being developed about longer-term outcomes in survivors of critical illnesses, including reports about their health-related quality of life and conditions that impair that quality.1 The inherent challenge is to devise strategies for preventing or minimizing such sequelae. The article by Herridge and colleagues in this issue of the Journal 2 provides important new information pointing in a direction that could eventually lead to the development of such a strategy and charging us with expanding the . . .
PERIOPERATIVE PREDICTORS OF LENGTH OF STAY IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY FOR TYPE A ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION
Authors: Paul D. Shea, Alan Braverman, Rossella Fattori, Marek P. Ehrlich, Patrick O'Gara, Thomas Tsai, Thomas Gleason, Emil Missov, Eva Kline-Rogers, James Froehlich, Thoralf Sundt, Daniel Montgomery, Eric Isselbacher, Christoph Nienaber, Kim Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Laryngeal Giant Cell Tumor Mimicking Thyroid Cancer Demonstrated by PET/CT
Authors: Chih-Yung Chang, Li-Fan Lin, Yaoh-Shiang Lin, Yi-Jen Peng, Wen-Sheng Huang, Shiou-Chi Cherng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 53-year-old man was referred for combined F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging to evaluate a protruding mass in the right anterior neck. PET/CT images showed a level III nodular lesion with intense FDG uptake in the above-mentioned region. Surgical excision was performed under the impression of thyroid cancer. Histopathologic evaluation, however, revealed a giant cell tumor of thyroid cartilage.
Individual Renal Function in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: ANDREAS D. FOTOPOULOS, KOSTAS KATOPODIS, OLGA BALAFA, AFRODITI KATSARAKI, RIGAS KALAITZIDIS, KOSTAS C. SIAMOPOULOS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

This study was undertaken to determine individual renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).The authors initially examined (study t1) 25 patients with ADPKD (12 female, 13 male; ages 18 to 68 years). The serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate, measured by Tc-99m DTPA, were 1.5 +/- 0.56 mg/dl and 65.7 +/- 31 ml.minute-1.1.73 m2, respectively. Thirteen patients had a follow-up study (t2) 2 years after their initial evaluations. Individual renal function was assessed on Tc-99m DMSA renal scans.The mean (+/- SD) difference between left kidney DMSA (DMSA-L) and right kidney DMSA (DMSA-R) was 7.04 % +/- 16.48%. In 20 patients (80%), the left kidney had a lower percentage contribution to the total renal function compared with the right kidney. When the results of the two studies were compared, deterioration in renal function was noted. In the t1 study, the mean serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate were 1.7 mg/dl and 67.02 ml.minute-1.1.73 m2 respectively, and in the t2 study these values were 2.01 mg/dl and 57.15 ml.minute-1.1.73 m2, respectively. No difference, however, was found in individual renal function in the two studies.In patients with ADPKD, the percentage contribution of each kidney to total renal function is not equal and remains stable during the progression of renal failure.
What We Do and Do Not Know About Informed Consent
Authors: Alan Meisel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In an effort to validate the common criticisms of informed consent, we have reviewed representative empirical studies and have found that for a variety of methodological, conceptual, and pragmatic reasons, empirical findings currently offer no conclusive evidence that informed consent either is or is not feasible. Thus, it is imperative that authorities charged with making law and policy involving informed consent not rely on these studies as authoritative. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2473-2477)
Improved thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction with front-loaded administration of alteplase: Results of the rt-PA-APSAC patency study (TAPS)
Authors: Karl-Ludwig Neuhaus, Rainer Von Essen, Ulrich Tebbe, Albrecht Vogt, Michael Roth, Michael Riess, Walter Niederer, Florian Forycki, Alexander Wirtzfeld, Wolfgang Maeurer, Peter Limbourg, Wolfgang Merx, Klaus Haerten
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Thromboembolic and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: role of the haemostatic system
Authors: I A M van den Oever, N Sattar, M T Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Circumstantial evidence suggests that the innate immune system and coagulation system share a common evolutionary origin, which explains the extensive crosstalk between inflammatory cytokines and coagulation factors, with many components being important for both systems. This crosstalk has been extensively studied in sepsis, an acute state of high-grade inflammation. However, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as many other autoimmune diseases can also be considered as a prothrombotic state. More and more studies show that autoimmune diseases, including RA, are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and also for venous thromboembolic events, such as pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. Inflammation and its effect on the haemostatic system is probably the link between these diseases. This viewpoint gives an update of the current literature on thromboembolic risk in RA, but also documents important knowledge gaps. This viewpoint will therefore help to focus on further research topics to improve diagnostic and therapeutic options which may relieve both the proinflammatory and the prothrombotic burden of autoimmune diseases.
Endoscopic Surveys in High-risk and Low-risk Populations for Esophageal Cancer in China with Special Reference to Precursors of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Y. Guanrei, Q. Songliang
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

Endoscopic surveys were carried out of the people in high-risk and low-risk areas of esophageal cancer in Henan Province, China. Chronic esophagitis was observed with endoscopy in 70.67 % of the inhabitants in the high-risk area and in 63.67 % of the individuals in the low-risk area. The prevalence rate of chronic esophagitis diagnosed with histological examination was 78.28 % and 71.33 % in the two groups, respectively. Basal-cell hyperplasia and dysplasia were present in 74 % and 38.28 % of the populations, respectively, in the high-risk area, and in 48 % and 4.78 % of the inhabitants in the low-risk area. A correlation between the incidence of dysplasia and the severity of esophagitis was found in two groups. One-hundred-and-eighty-six cases of chronic esophagitis in high-risk areas were followed-up with endoscopy from 30 to 78 months. Of the 186 cases, in 62 accompanied by dysplasia 21 (33.87 %) developed early stage esophageal carcinoma; and in 124 cases with esophagitis alone or simple hyperplasia cancer was found in 5 (4.03 %). We suggest that chronic esophagitis is the commonest disease of the esophagus due to mechanical irritation, thermal injury and vitamin deficiencies, while the inflammatory injury may increase the sensitivity of the esophageal mucosa to carcinogens. It might be concluded that esophagitis with dysplasia was likely to develop into esophageal carcinoma and that treatment of this disease would be important to decrease the incidence rate of esophageal cancer.
Alexithymia in Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema Patients
Authors: Robert J. Feiguine, Francie A. Johnson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Affective, somatic, and collateral experiences of alexithymic and nonalexithymic patients to their chronic bronchitis/emphysema was analyzed in reference to 11 symptom categories of the Bronchitis/Emphysema Symptom Checklist. Unlike alexithymic asthmatics who tend to minimize their self-reports of physical and emotional difficulties during acute illness episodes, chronic bronchitis/emphysema alexithymics do not differ from nonalexithymics in their self-reports of physical and emotional difficulties.
Drug package as a cause of gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: R. Küttner Magalhães, T. Moreira, R. Pimentel, C. Caetano, I. Pedroto
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 42-year-old man – a former drug addict with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and hepatitis C virus hepatic cirrhosis Child–Pugh B – reported voluntary intake of a packet of hashish for concealment 3 years earlier while he was detained in prison. He was asymptomatic until 4 months before presentation, when he began complaining of halitosis, belching, bloating, nausea and food vomiting which relieved the symptoms. These episodes were sporadic, but with increasing frequency in recent weeks. Four days before admission, vomiting became more intense and the patient complained of a single episode of hematemesis. At hospital admission he was hemodynamically stable, without ascites or peritoneal signs.
Risk factors in community-acquired chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a case-control study in Italy
Authors: Maria Chiaramonte, Tommaso Stroffolini, Umberto Lorenzoni, Francesco Minniti, Susanna Conti, Annarosa Floreani, Efrem Ntakirutimana, Alfredo Vian, Theodore Ngatchu, Remo Naccarato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Efficiency of T-cell receptor expression in dual-specific T cells is controlled by the intrinsic qualities of the TCR chains within the TCR-CD3 complex
Authors: Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk, Renate S. Hagedoorn, Menno A. W. G. van der Hoorn, Lars T. van der Veken, Manja Hoogeboom, Michel G. D. Kester, Roel Willemze, J. H. Frederik Falkenburg
Journal: Blood (2006)
Perseveration of Laboratory Test Ordering: A Syndrome Affecting Clinicians
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Why do physicians order laboratory tests? Wertman and co-workers, in one of the few large studies of this question, reported that diagnosis, monitoring, and screening were most frequent, with responses of 37, 33, and 32, respectively.<sup>1</sup>Other reasons cited were previous abnormal result (12%), prognosis (7%), education (2%), and medicolegal (1%). I have performed a less sophisticated but more wide ranging study of the same question during the past five years. Groups of physicians and laboratory workers in various states and countries have been challenged verbally with the question "Why do physicians order laboratory tests?" Remarkable similarities and a few sharp differences in responses between various groups have appeared. The reasons offered include the following: A classic example of physicians ordering laboratory tests for reasons other than appropriate is the so-called CBC. It is common for a CBC to be ordered repetitively without a rational basis, such as in
Relation between recovery sequence estimated from body surface potentials and T wave shape in patients with negative T waves and normal subjects.
Authors: M Yamaki, I Kubota, T Endo, Y Hosoya, K Ikeda, H Tomoike
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Advances in analytical methods of the epicardial electrical potentials allowed us to demonstrate spatial distributions of local recovery. Because local recovery will be reflected in events on body surface ECG mapping, abnormalities in recovery sequence that may be responsible for the origin of negative T waves can be detected from body surface potentials.Eighty-seven unipolar ECGs were recorded simultaneously from the entire thorax in patients having negative T waves on left anterior precordial leads and in normal subjects. These included 40 patients with anterior myocardial infarction (MI), 21 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and 44 male volunteers. We measured Tmax time, defined as the instant of maximal first derivative of the T wave as the index of local recovery (Wyatt's method). Parameters related to T wave potentials were positive T wave amplitude, negative T wave amplitude, and T integral. Significant correlations were observed between the Tmax time and each of the T wave potentials. The T wave potentials were dependent on Tmax times. In the anterior MI, the late Tmax times were located on the upper left anterior chest and early Tmax times on the lower right lateral chest. In the LVH, the area showing a delayed recovery was displaced in a left downward direction compared with anterior MI.Body surface Tmax time distributions clearly separate two negative T wave groups, i.e., anterior MI and LVH. Appearance of the negative T waves correlates well with the presence of the area with delayed Tmax time on the spatial distribution.
Environmental Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Control Study in a Middle Eastern Migrant Population
Authors: Yanna Ko, Mohamad Karnib, Douglas Samuels, Ahmad Alrubaie, Nabil Rahme, Charles McDonald, Peter Katelaris, Gavin Barr, Brian Jones, Gokulan Paven, Grace Chapman, Gordon Park, Christopher Meredith, Susan Connor, Richard Gearry, Rupert W.L. Leong
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
The Neurobiology of Preovulatory and Estradiol-Induced Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Surges
Authors: Catherine A. Christian, Suzanne M. Moenter
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Ovarian steroids normally exert homeostatic negative feedback on GnRH release. During sustained exposure to elevated estradiol in the late follicular phase of the reproductive cycle, however, the feedback action of estradiol switches to positive, inducing a surge of GnRH release from the brain, which signals the pituitary LH surge that triggers ovulation. In rodents, this switch appears dependent on a circadian signal that times the surge to a specific time of day (e.g., late afternoon in nocturnal species). Although the precise nature of this daily signal and the mechanism of the switch from negative to positive feedback have remained elusive, work in the past decade has provided much insight into the role of circadian/diurnal and estradiol-dependent signals in GnRH/LH surge regulation and timing. Here we review the current knowledge of the neurobiology of the GnRH surge, in particular the actions of estradiol on GnRH neurons and their synaptic afferents, the regulation of GnRH neurons by fast synaptic transmission mediated by the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, and the host of excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulators including kisspeptin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, catecholamines, neurokinin B, and RFamide-related peptides, that appear essential for GnRH surge regulation, and ultimately ovulation and fertility.
Book: Seasonal Affective Disorder: Practice and Research
Authors: R. Morriss
Journal: BMJ (2001)

T Partonen, A Magnusson Oxford University Press, £59.50, pp 311 ![Graphic][1]</img> ISBN 0 19 263225 6 Rating:![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img>![Graphic][5]</img> Irecall diagnosing seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in only one patient in eight years of practice as a consultant in general adult psychiatry in Britain. Have I failed to diagnose a common psychiatric disorder? Is my NHS trust failing people with SAD by not owning a light box for them to use? Is SAD an example of psychiatrists manufacturing a diagnosis out of normal human misery? Is it a product of modern living conditions where possibly people do not … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
Bone marrow–derived progenitor cells in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Naozumi Hashimoto, Hong Jin, Tianju Liu, Stephen W. Chensue, Sem H. Phan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The origin of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis is assumed to be intrapulmonary, but their extrapulmonary origin and especially derivation from bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells has not been ruled out. To examine this possibility directly, adult mice were durably engrafted with BM isolated from transgenic mice expressing enhanced GFP. Induction of pulmonary fibrosis in such chimera mice by endotracheal bleomycin (BLM) injection caused large numbers of GFP(+) cells to appear in active fibrotic lesions, while only a few GFP(+) cells could be identified in control lungs. Flow-cytometric analysis of lung cells confirmed the BLM-induced increase in GFP(+) cells in chimera mice and revealed a significant increase in GFP(+) cells that also express type I collagen. GFP(+) lung fibroblasts isolated from chimera mice expressed collagen and telomerase reverse transcriptase but not alpha-smooth muscle actin. Treatment of isolated GFP(+) fibroblasts with TGF-beta failed to induce myofibroblast differentiation. Cultured lung fibroblasts expressed the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 and responded chemotactically to their cognate ligands, stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha and secondary lymphoid chemokine, respectively. Thus the collagen-producing lung fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis can also be derived from BM progenitor cells.
Ionizing radiation and cancer prevention.
Authors: D G Hoel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Ionizing radiation long has been recognized as a cause of cancer. Among environmental cancer risks, radiation is unique in the variety of organs and tissues that it can affect. Numerous epidemiological studies with good dosimetry provide the basis for cancer risk estimation, including quantitative information derived from observed dose-response relationships. The amount of cancer attributable to ionizing radiation is difficult to estimate, but numbers such as 1 to 3% have been suggested. Some radiation-induced cancers attributable to naturally occurring exposures, such as cosmic and terrestrial radiation, are not preventable. The major natural radiation exposure, radon, can often be reduced, especially in the home, but not entirely eliminated. Medical use of radiation constitutes the other main category of exposure; because of the importance of its benefits to one's health, the appropriate prevention strategy is to simply work to minimize exposures.
Reducing Risk for Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Erika Barth Cottrell, Roger Chou, Ngoc Wasson, Basmah Rahman, Jeanne-Marie Guise
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Mother-to-infant transmission is the leading cause of childhood hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with up to 4000 new cases each year in the United States.To evaluate effects of mode of delivery, labor management strategies, and breastfeeding practices on risk for mother-to-infant transmission of HCV.MEDLINE (1947 to May 2012), the Cochrane Library Database, clinical trial registries, and reference lists.Randomized trials and observational studies on mode of delivery, labor management strategies, and breastfeeding practices and risk for mother-to-infant transmission of HCV.Investigators abstracted and reviewed study details and quality using predefined criteria.Eighteen observational studies evaluated the association between mode of delivery, labor management strategies, or breastfeeding practices and risk for mother-to-infant HCV transmission. Fourteen studies (2 good-quality, 4 fair-quality, and 8 poor-quality studies) found no clear association between mode of delivery (vaginal versus cesarean delivery) and risk for transmission. Two studies (1 good-quality and 1 poor-quality study) reported an association between prolonged duration of ruptured membranes and increased risk for transmission. Fourteen studies (2 good-quality, 2 fair-quality, and 10 poor-quality studies) found no association between breastfeeding and risk for transmission.Only English-language articles were included. Studies were observational, and most had important methodological shortcomings, including failure to adjust for potential confounders and small sample sizes.No intervention has been clearly demonstrated to reduce the risk for mother-to-infant HCV transmission. Avoidance of breastfeeding does not seem to be indicated for reducing transmission risk.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.