tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kielland or Caesar?
Authors: J O Drife
Journal: BMJ (1983)

another treatment option in the renal unit, though they are more complicated and expensive than the standard systems.So in which patients is the extra cost and complexity justified ?It seems at present that bicarbonate dialysis should be reserved for those patients with unstable circulations, whether or not associated with diabetes or liver disease, and that further work is urgently needed to define other groups of patients who may benefit.Although very ill patients with acute renal failure might be expected to be particularly sensitive to the side effects of acetate dialysis,11 the advantages of bicarbonate dialysis for this group remain to be confirmed.37
ANALYTIC BUCKET FOR QUICK QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF GASTRIC CONTENT AND FOR DIFFERENTIATING BLEEDING GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS
Authors: Moses Einhorn
Journal: JAMA (1927)

While engaged in my work, which requires a large amount of gastric analysis, I have encountered many difficulties and inconveniences. These I shall briefly enumerate in order to emphasize the advantages which are obtained through the use of the apparatus and methods I am about to describe. One of the greatest drawbacks of the old method is the difficulty of obtaining a satisfactory specimen of fasting content because of the frequent failure of the stomach tube to reach the lower level of the stomach. Even if a duodenal tube is used, it often happens that the specimen obtained is insufficient for the number of tests necessary for a proper analysis of the content, a difficulty likewise encountered when a stomach tube is employed. This frequent failure to obtain a sufficiently large specimen is also characteristic of the use of the stomach tube after an Ewald test meal, a difficulty which
Green trees for greenhouse gases: a fair trade-off?
Authors: C W Schmidt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

While forests retain carbon in plants, detritus, and soils, utility companies spew it into the air as carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas behind global warming. Industrial carbon dioxide emissions aren't currently regulated by federal law, but a number of companies are trying to address the problem voluntarily by launching carbon sequestration programs in heavily forested countries, where carbon is contained in so-called sinks. But the November 2000 meeting of the Kyoto Protocol delegates in The Hague collapsed over the issue of the acceptability of carbon sinks as a source of carbon pollution credits, delivering what many see as a deathblow to the concept. At issue are a host of ecological and statistical questions, differing local land use practices, cultural factors, issues of verifiability, and even disagreement over definitions of basic terms such as "forest" Kyoto negotiators are gearing up for another round of discussions in Bonn in May 2001, and it is likely that the continuing debate over carbon sinks will dominate the agenda.
Failure of Chloroquine Prophylaxis in Plasmodium falciparum From East Africa
Authors: Amy L. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

IN 1979, four cases of chloroquineresistant Plasmodium falciparum infections were reported from Kenya and Tanzania. 1-4 All four cases were characterized by RI type of resistance 5 (RI in vivo resistance indicates that, following a 1.5-g [base] dose of chloroquine, the parasitemia clears within seven days but recrudesces from persisting blood forms within 28 days of initiation of therapy). These cases represent the only documented evidence of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in East Africa. We report evidence of another manifestation of chloroquine resistance in East Africa, the development of falciparum malaria in two persons despite adequate chloroquine prophylaxis.  Report of Cases  Case 1.—  A 27-year-old white American woman traveled in rural northeast Tanzania from June 15 to July 6, 1980. One week before her departure, she began and reportedly took 500 mg of chloroquine phosphate (300-mg base) weekly. She continued to follow this same regimen after her return to the United
Product of the Physician Global Assessment and body surface area: A simple static measure of psoriasis severity in a longitudinal cohort
Authors: Jessica A. Walsh, Molly McFadden, Jamie Woodcock, Daniel O. Clegg, Philip Helliwell, Erica Dommasch, Joel M. Gelfand, Gerald G. Krueger, Kristina Callis Duffin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Book Review Clinical Hematology and Oncology: Presentation, Diagnosis, and Treatment Edited by Bruce Furie, Peter A. Cassileth, Michael B. Atkins, and Robert J. Mayer. 1300 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone, 2003. $99. 0-443-06556-X
Authors: Martin F. Fey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
811-1 Evolution of Left Ventricular Function, Myocardial Perfusion and Metabolism in Infarct Patients After Coronary Thrombolysis
Authors: Alex F. Maes, Johan L. Nuyts, Luc A. Mortelmans, Guy M. Bormans, Alfons M. Verbruggen, Frans Van de Werf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Tamoxifen in treatment of intraductal breast cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-24 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bernard Fisher, James Dignam, Norman Wolmark, D Lawrence Wickerham, Edwin R Fisher, Eleftherios Mamounas, Roy Smith, Mirsada Begovic, Nikolay V Dimitrov, Richard G Margolese, Carl G Kardinal, Maureen T Kavanah, Louis Fehrenbacher, Robert H Oishi
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
Head and Neck Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Pitfalls, vol 1 and 2: Face and Facial Skull
Authors: Edward L. Felix
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ABSTRACT Head and Neck Surgery is a two-volume hard-cover surgical manual intended for surgeons who are seeking detailed information on special surgical techniques for the head and neck. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the principles of general surgery and the clinical aspects of the diseases of the head and neck. It is therefore not intended for the novice surgeon.The book is divided into 15 multiauthored chapters. The authors are from various countries and fields of specialization, and, consequently, there is overlapping of content from chapter to chapter. This, however, does provide the reader more than one approach to sometimes difficult areas. In individual chapters, the authors and editors have attempted to select operative methods and their modifications for each indication so that the less experienced reader is not overwhelmed with a multitude of choices. When necessary, backup or alternative procedures are described.The chapters all have
Bile Acid-Induced Increase in Bile Acid-Independent Flow and Plasma Membrane NaK-ATPase Activity in Rat Liver
Authors: F-J. Wannagat, R. D. Adler, R. K. Ockner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Previous studies showed that in rats with obstruction of the bile ducts draining the median and left hepatic lobes, and in rats with normal bile ducts in which the bile acid pool size and secretion were augmented by 48-h intraduodenal infusion of taurocholate, bile acid flux through secreting hepatocytes was increased. Under these conditions, taurocholate transport maximum exhibited a time-dependent adaptation to increased secretory load.
The Second Pan-American Medical Congress.
Authors: Albert B. Hale
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, June 5, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —To the dignified letter in the May 30 number of theJournal, protesting against the unjust attack on the Mexican people and medical profession, allow me to add my own experiences in support of Dr. Cerna, in the hope that the medical profession in this country may not become prejudiced against our southern neighbors. It would be a pity if any word of hostility to the Mexicans should be the means of reducing the number of those who expect to attend the next Pan-American Medical Congress, because this will undoubtedly be the test meeting, and if it is poorly supported, interest will cease and our relationship with the rest of America will return to the apathy of former years. I have practiced medicine among the Mexicans on terms of greatest intimacy, meeting all classes and finding all degrees of education. I know that
Mr. Tait and the Scientific Grants Committee
Authors: L. Tait
Journal: BMJ (1892)

This article reviews what we have learned over the past decade about financial literacy and its relationship to financial decision making around the world. We used three questions to survey people in several countries about their level of fundamental knowledge of economics and finance, which they need to function as effective decision makers. We find that levels of financial literacy are low not only in the United States but also in many other countries, including those with well-developed financial markets. Moreover, financial illiteracy is particularly acute for some demographic groups, especially women and those who are less educated. These findings are important, since financial literacy is linked to borrowing, saving, and spending patterns. We also offer new evidence on financial literacy among high school students, drawing on the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment implemented in 18 countries. Last, we discuss the implications of this research for policy. <b>TOPICS:</b>Wealth management, legal/regulatory/public policy, developed markets
AN ACUTE PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM OF IMMIGRATION
Authors: J. C. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Even in normal times, port cities are confronted with health problems of unique character. San Francisco always has had certain definite health problems with regard to travelers coming from the Orient. Recently, however, a new angle has developed. Early in 1940 roentgen examinations of the positive reactors to tuberculin in the routine testing done in San Francisco schools showed an unusually large number of Chinese boys in junior high school with far advanced clinical tuberculosis. For a period of ten years past, high school and junior high school students in this city have received tuberculin tests every year. The tests done are an intracutaneous Mantoux of 1: 1,000 dilution. Roentgenograms of the positive reactors are made and the negative reactors are retested at regular intervals throughout their school life. The incidence of clinical tuberculosis and the mortality are considerably higher in the Chinese population than for the
Morning or Bedtime NPH Insulin Combined With Sulfonylurea in Treatment of NIDDM
Authors: Leif C Groop, Elisabeth Widén, Agneta Ekstrand, Carola Saloranta, Anja Franssila-Kallunki, Camilla Schalin-Jäntti, Johan G Eriksson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To compare the effect of morning and bedtime NPH insulin combined with daytime sulfonylurea on glycemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients no longer responding to treatment with sulfonylureas alone. Research Design and Methods Twenty-four NIDDM patients who fulfilled these criteria were randomized to treatment with Protaphan human insulin in the morning or at bedtime (22 ± 1 IU) plus 3.5 mg glibenclamide twice a day. Results Morning and bedtime NPH insulin resulted in equal reduction of HbA1 (from 13.5 ± 0.3 to 9.4 ± 0.1 and 9.6 ± 0.2%, respectively) and mean self-monitored blood glucose (9.2 ± 0.5 vs. 10.1 ± 0.4 mM). Bedtime insulin resulted in lower morning blood glucose (7.8 ± 0.5 vs. 9.1 ± 0.4 mM; P &amp;lt; 0.01), whereas morning insulin resulted in lower evening blood glucose (10.1 ± 0.6 vs 12.1 ± 0.6 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusions Morning and bedtime NPH insulin combined with glibenclamide are equipotent in the treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea. However, this treatment regimen normalizes blood glucose only in a small group of patients. Therefore, more intensified insulin therapy seems to be required to achieve this goal.
Kawasaki Disease: From Children to Adults
Authors: ANDRÉ J. NAHMIAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

ExcerptIt is not uncommon for pediatricians to work closely with their internist colleagues in managing diseases characteristically of childhood that occur in adults. A recent example is atypical measles, first encountered as an untoward reaction in children exposed to wild measles virus who had previously received killed measles virus vaccine (1-3)—a problem increasingly being seen in adolescents and young adults (4-6). Kawasaki disease, or the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is the most recent example of an entity first described in children that is now being seen in adolescents and adults (7-9).The major difficulty concerning Kawasaki disease for all of...
Effects of verapamil on canine Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle fibres with particular reference to the alternation of action potential duration after a sudden increase in driving rate
Authors: Y. HIRATA, I. KODAMA, N. IWAMURA, T. SHIMIZU, J. TOYAMA, K. YAMADA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Journal Article Effects of verapamil on canine Purkinje fibres and ventricular muscle fibres with particular reference to the alternation of action potential duration after a sudden increase in driving rate Get access YUKIO HIRATA, YUKIO HIRATA 1 From the Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan 1Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr Yukio Hirata, Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusaku, Nagoya, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ITSUO KODAMA, ITSUO KODAMA From the Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NOBUYUKI IWAMURA, NOBUYUKI IWAMURA From the Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TAKESHI SHIMIZU, TAKESHI SHIMIZU From the Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JUNJI TOYAMA, JUNJI TOYAMA From the Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAZUO YAMADA KAZUO YAMADA From the Department of Circulation and Respiration, The Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 13, Issue 1, January 1979, Pages 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/13.1.1 Published: 01 January 1979
Common mistakes in infant feeding: survey from London borough.
Authors: R A Jones, E M Belsey
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A survey of infant-feeding practices among 265 mothers of 12-week-old infants in a London borough showed that only 18 gave breast milk alone, 236 giving bottle feeds, and 197 solids. Serious mistakes in feed preparation were common, and only 51 mothers followed manufacturers9 instructions exactly. Most mothers (239) had attended a well-baby clinic, but clinic staff gave conflicting advice on infant feeding. Health workers must pay greater attention to educating mothers on the details of infant feeding if the risks of hypernatraemia and obesity are to be reduced.
Drug Susceptibility in HIV Infection After Viral Rebound in Patients Receiving Indinavir-Containing Regimens
Authors: Diane V. Havlir
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextLoss of viral suppression in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who are receiving potent antiretroviral therapy, has been attributed to outgrowth of drug-resistant virus; however, resistance patterns are not well characterized in patients whose protease inhibitor combination therapy fails after achieving viral suppression.ObjectiveTo characterize drug susceptibility of virus from HIV-infected patients who are failing to sustain suppression while taking an indinavir-containing antiretroviral regimen.Design and SettingSubstudy of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 343, a multicenter clinical research trial conducted between February 1997 and October 1998.PatientsTwenty-six subjects who experienced rebound (HIV RNA level ≥200 copies/mL) during indinavir monotherapy (n = 9) or triple-drug therapy (indinavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine; n = 17) after initially achieving suppression while receiving all 3 drugs, and 10 control subjects who had viral suppression while receiving triple-drug therapy.Main Outcome MeasureDrug susceptibility, determined by a phenotypic assay and genotypic evidence of resistance assessed by nucleotide sequencing of protease and reverse transcriptase, compared among the 3 patient groups.ResultsIndinavir resistance was not detected in the 9 subjects with viral rebound during indinavir monotherapy or in the 17 subjects with rebound during triple-drug therapy, despite plasma HIV RNA levels ranging from 102 to 105 copies/mL. In contrast, lamivudine resistance was detected by phenotypic assay in rebound isolates from 14 of 17 subjects receiving triple-drug therapy, and genotypic analyses showed changes at codon 184 of reverse transcriptase in these 14 isolates. Mean random plasma indinavir concentrations in the 2 groups with rebound were similar to those of a control group with sustained viral suppression, although levels below 50 ng/mL were more frequent in the triple-drug group than in the control group (P = .03).ConclusionsLoss of viral suppression may be due to suboptimal antiviral potency, and selection of a predominantly indinavir-resistant virus population may be delayed for months even in the presence of ongoing indinavir therapy. The results suggest possible value in assessing strategies using drug components of failing regimens evaluated with resistance testing.
The AMA Scientific Journals
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Members of the American Medical Association receive three of the Association's periodicals: JAMA, AM News , and one of the AMA nine specialty journals. These publications keep physicians informed on scientific, technical, ethical, legal, legislative, social, and economic matters of interest to the profession. The nine specialty journals provide scientific and technical information that is too specialized for a general medical journal, and they complement the more general type of scientific articles found in JAMA . The AMA assigns a high priority to its publications, for it views them as important components of each physician's program of continuing medical education.  Recently, one of the AMA specialty journals had a change in its editorship and in its editorial board. This came about because the American Neurological Association (ANA), a cosponsor of the Archives of Neurology , voted to establish its own independent journal. Dr Plum, who is the president of ANA and who was
Diet and oral antidiabetic drugs and plasma sugar and insulin levels in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J W Doar, M E Thompson, C E Wilde, P F Sewell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A longitudal study was carried out to separate the effects of treatment with diet from those of treatment with glibenclamide and phenformin on the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma sugar and insulin levels in 118 patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. Both drugs improved glucose tolerance and random blood sugar levels more than diet alone. The improved glucose tolerance with both drugs was due to a combination of a reduced fasting plasma sugar level and an improved tolerance to the glucose load. Treatment with glibenclamide increased insulin secretion but phenformin had no significant effect. Mean body weight fell slightly during phenformin administration, whereas a small but insignificant rise in patients receiving glibenclamide.
Duration of vitamin K antagonist therapy for venous thromboembolism: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Michael B. Streiff, Jodi B. Segal, Leonardo J. Tamariz, Mollie W. Jenckes, Dennis T. Bolger, John Eng, Jerry A. Krishnan, Eric B. Bass
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence on the optimal duration of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: Randomized controlled trials of VKA for VTE were identified by a computerized database search. Summary event rates for relevant outcomes were calculated using a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria. The incidence of recurrent VTE (3 months, 7.9 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95% CI, 5.2 to 10] versus 4–12 months, 4.9 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95% CI, 3.6 to 6.2] versus continuous therapy, 0.7 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.1]) and total adverse events (3 months, 11.2 events per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 7.1 to 15.4] versus 4–12 months, 7.4 events per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 6.2 to 8.5] versus continuous therapy 3.1 events per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 2.2 to 4.0] declined as VKA therapy duration increased. Continuous reduced intensity therapy (INR 1.5–2) was associated with more recurrent VTE (2.3 VTE per 100 patient‐years [95%CI, 1.5 to 3.0]). Continuous VKA therapy (INR 2–3) was beneficial for patients with a second VTE and antiphospholipid antibodies. The incidence of recurrent VTE was similar with 6 or 12 weeks of therapy for isolated calf DVT. Conclusion: Randomized controlled trials indicate that continuous VKA therapy (INR 2–3) for VTE is associated with better clinical outcomes than shorter durations. Patients with a second VTE or antiphospholipid antibodies also benefit from continuous anticoagulation. Patients with calf DVT should be treated for at least 6 weeks. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic Evidence Linking SAP, the X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Gene Product, to Src-Related Kinase FynT in TH2 Cytokine Regulation
Authors: Dominique Davidson, Xiaochu Shi, Shaohua Zhang, Hao Wang, Mona Nemer, Nobuyuki Ono, Shinji Ohno, Yusuke Yanagi, André Veillette
Journal: Immunity (2004)
Injection Artifact on FDG PET Imaging
Authors: HALUK ALIBAZOGLU, DAVID MEGREMIS, AMJAD ALI, GREGORY LaMONICA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Uptake of Tc-99m MDP in lymph nodes due to tracer extravasation at the injection site has been previously reported. We report the uptake of F-18 FDG in axillary lymph nodes due to partial subcutaneous injection of the radiopharmaceutical in the antecubital fossa.