tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent in Medication-Free Schizophrenia Research
Authors: David J. Moser, Rebecca L. Reese, Susan K. Schultz, Michelle L. Benjamin, Stephan Arndt, Frank W. Fleming, Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to determine whether people with schizophrenia experience changes in decisional capacity when their antipsychotic regimens are discontinued for research purposes. METHOD: Capacity for informed consent for research, neuropsychological performance, and psychiatric symptoms were assessed before and after discontinuation of antipsychotic medication in 10 individuals with schizophrenia. RESULTS: Overall, participants showed minimal change on most measures during the medication-free interval, although their reasoning ability declined significantly. All participants who demonstrated adequate understanding of study procedures at enrollment retained this capacity throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in medication-free schizophrenia research do not show a major decline in decisional capacity. However, the apparent decline in reasoning ability found in this study is of concern and underscores the need for both additional research on this topic and the development of remediational interventions aimed at enhancing this aspect of decisional capacity.
Coronary Risk Profile and Clinical Features of Subjects with Myocardial Bridging Documented with MSCT Angiography
Authors: Mustafa Aparci, Murat Yalcin, Zafer Isilak, Omer Uz, Cengiz Ozturk, Zekeriya Arslan, Ugur Bozlar, Ejder Kardesoglu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Controversial mental health program closes down
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A “model” program that was part of a controversial plan to screen all US citizens for mental illness has announced that it is closing down.

On 15 November, TeenScreen, a program to detect depression in young people, announced on its website: “The National Center will be winding down its program at the end of this year.”

TeenScreen was endorsed by the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, which was established by the former US president George W Bush in 2002.1 

The commission recommended that “consumers of all ages,” including preschool children, …
Commentary: Learning out of your depth
Authors: E. Peile
Journal: BMJ (2009)

As a medical educationalist and part time general practitioner, I was comfortable reading the first three paragraphs of this case presentation,1 couched in familiar descriptors of a patient’s signs and symptoms. My attention was caught by the issues of the termination choices that Andrea G faced. Initially, the unusual features of her case engaged the amateur clinical detective within me. It soon became apparent, however, that most of this case presentation was a description of clinical events and diagnostic and management dilemmas that are outside my competence, my experience, …
Reduced Myocardial Creatine Kinase Flux in Human Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Paul A. Bottomley, Katherine C. Wu, Gary Gerstenblith, Steven P. Schulman, Angela Steinberg, Robert G. Weiss
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Energy metabolism is essential for myocellular viability. The high-energy phosphates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine (PCr) are reduced in human myocardial infarction (MI), reflecting myocyte loss and/or decreased intracellular ATP generation by creatine kinase (CK), the prime energy reserve of the heart. The pseudo-first-order CK rate constant, k, measures intracellular CK reaction kinetics and is independent of myocyte number within sampled tissue. CK flux is defined as the product of [PCr] and k. CK flux and k have never been measured in human MI.Myocardial CK metabolite concentrations, k, and CK flux were measured noninvasively in 15 patients 7 weeks to 16 years after anterior MI using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In patients, mean myocardial [ATP] and [PCr] were 39% to 44% lower than in 15 control subjects (PCr=5.4+/-1.2 versus 9.6+/-1.1 micromol/g wet weight in MI versus control subjects, respectively, P<0.001; ATP=3.4+/-1.1 versus 5.5+/-1.3 micromol/g wet weight, P<0.001). The myocardial CK rate constant, k, was normal in MI subjects (0.31+/-0.08 s(-1)) compared with control subjects (0.33+/-0.07 s(-1)), as was PCr/ATP (1.74+/-0.27 in MI versus 1.87+/-0.45). However, CK flux was halved in MI [to 1.7+/-0.5 versus 3.3+/-0.8 micromol(g . s)(-1); P<0.001].These first observations of CK kinetics in prior human MI demonstrate that CK ATP supply is significantly reduced as a result of substrate depletion, likely attributable to myocyte loss. That k and PCr/ATP are unchanged in MI is consistent with the preservation of intracellular CK metabolism in surviving myocytes. Importantly, the results support therapies that primarily ameliorate the effects of tissue and substrate loss after MI and those that reduce energy demand rather than those that increase energy transfer or workload in surviving tissue.
Prostate-Cancer Screening — What the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Left Out
Authors: Allan S. Brett, Richard J. Ablin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A preventive-services task force omitted three key issues in recommending against PSA screening: the impossibility of addressing the probabilities and uncertainties coherently during routine visits, variable management of PSA levels, and a lack of cost-effectiveness.
New agency created to fight infectious diseases
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new national agency to combat the increasing threat from infectious diseases and biological, chemical, and radiological hazards was announced last week by the chief medical officer.

Professor Liam Donaldson said that the agency had been formed partly in response to the outbreak of foot and mouth disease and the recent threat of bioterrorism when agencies were ill prepared to act together.

The new National Infection Control and Health Protection Agency, which will cover only England, will supersede the Public Health Service Laboratory Service, the National Radiological Protection Board, the Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, and the National Focus for …
Psoriatic skin expresses the transcription factor Gli1: possible contribution of decreased neurofibromin expression
Authors: H. Endo, Y. Momota, A. Oikawa, H. Shinkai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of skin characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. Intracellular signalling pathways inducing the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes remain to be elucidated. An inhibitor of Hedgehog (Hh) signalling, cyclopamine, was recently reported to clear psoriatic skin lesions, suggesting involvement of the Hh signalling pathway in the hyperproliferation of lesional keratinocytes. We have previously observed activation of the Hh signalling pathway in Schwann cells of plexiform neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which results from functional loss of the NF1 encoding protein, neurofibromin. In psoriasis, deficiency of neurofibromin expression has been observed in lesional keratinocytes.To investigate whether the Hh signalling pathway would be activated in psoriasis and whether inhibition of neurofibromin expression would enhance the activation of the Hh signalling pathway.Activation of the Hh signalling pathway was examined by protein expression of one of the target genes, GLI1, coding for the transcription factor Gli1. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on seven psoriatic skin samples and seven control normal skin samples with a standard immunoperoxidase technique. mRNA expression of GLI1 was analysed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in HaCaT cells transfected with double-strand small interfering RNA for NF1.Our results showed Gli1 expression in psoriatic skin but not in control normal skin. Inhibition of neurofibromin expression in HaCaT cells upregulated mRNA expression of GLI1.Our findings indicate that the Hh signalling pathway is activated in psoriasis and that neurofibromin deficiency may upregulate the pathway.
Soft-Tissue Plasmacytomas in Multiple Myeloma: Incidence, Mechanisms of Extramedullary Spread, and Treatment Approach
Authors: Joan Bladé, Carlos Fernández de Larrea, Laura Rosiñol, María Teresa Cibeira, Raquel Jiménez, Ray Powles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We provide an overview on soft-tissue extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) in multiple myeloma (MM). We reviewed the incidence of EMPs in MM, myeloma bone marrow homing, possible mechanisms of extramedullary spread, and prognosis and response to therapy. The incidence of EMPs is 7% to 18% at MM diagnosis and up to 20% at relapse. The current notion that EMPs are more frequent after treatment with novel agents remains to be proven, especially considering that different patterns of disease recurrence can emerge as patients live longer in the era of novel drugs. Bone marrow genetic abnormalities are not associated with extramedullary spread per se, which also suggests that microenvironmental interactions are key. Possible mechanisms of extramedullary spread include decreased adhesion molecule expression and downregulation of chemokine receptors. EMPs usually show plasmablastic morphology with negative CD56 expression. High-dose therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) can overcome the negative prognostic impact of extramedullary disease in younger selected patients. EMPs do not typically respond to thalidomide alone, but in contrast, responses to bortezomib have been reported. The incidence of EMPs in patients with MM is high and is associated with poor outcome in patients treated conventionally. A potential first-line treatment option seems to be a bortezomib-containing regimen followed by ASCT, whenever possible. Experimental studies on the mechanisms of myeloma cell adhesion, myeloma growth at extramedullary sites, and drug sensitivity are priorities for this area of continuing therapeutic challenge.
P44 Validation of a pedometer to measure daily physical activities in COPD patients
Authors: A. D. Alahmari, B. S. Kowlessar, A. R. C. Patel, A. J. Mackay, R. Singh, G. C. Donaldson, J. A. Wedzicha
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Physical activity is reduced at COPD exacerbation but there is little information on the quantification of this activity. Activity can be assessed using walking tests or questionnaires or with expensive accelerometer based monitoring devices that require regular clinic visits to download data. Both approaches are not well suited to prospectively capturing activity during an exacerbation in a large observational cohort as patients will need to be monitored continuously in order to capture the prodrome and early stages of these events. The aim of this study was to determine whether step-counts measured by a pedometer (Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200) were sufficiently correlated with other measures of physical activity prospectively, to show that the device can be used in COPD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with COPD (n=33) wore the pedometer and a SenseWear Armband (BodyMedia, Inc.) during a 6-min walk test (6MWT). FEV<sub>1</sub>, height, age and gender were recorded prior to the test. The pedometer was worn on a belt on the left-hand side and a SenseWear device on the left arm. Patients performed a 6MWT according to ATS protocols when stable and while having an exacerbation. <h3>Results</h3> The 33 patients had a mean age (±SD) 71.5 (±6.2) and FEV<sub>1</sub> % predicted 48.2% (±13.2); 26 were men. The patients walked a mean 415 (±117) metres in 6 min, taking 587 (±132) steps and expending 26.3 calories (±9.8). Twenty-four patients completed the 6MWT when stable and five completed it during an exacerbation. Four patients were assessed at both baseline and exacerbation. Abstract P44 figure 1 shows that there was a strong correlation between steps counted by the pedometer and distance covered [r=0.82; p&lt;0.001], and little change in this relationship between the stable and exacerbation state. The correlation was significant between steps and calories [r=0.67; p&lt;0.001]. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Step count correlates well with 6 min walking distance and energy expenditure in COPD patients. Thus pedometers may be a useful way to prospectively monitor and quantify physical activity during COPD exacerbations in a large observational cohort.
Localization of the gene for familial idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to chromosome 1q32
Authors: Jean-Bernard Durand, Linda L. Bachinski, Lisa Beiling, Grazyna Z. Czemuszewicz, Antoine B. Abchee, None Qun Tao Yu, Rita Hill, Jonah Ifegwu, A.J. Marian, Ramon Brugada, Steven Dalger, Jane M. Gregoritch, Jeff Anderson, Miguel Quiñones, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Robert Roberts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Evaluation of late bypass graft patency by multi row detector computed tomography
Authors: Ibraim Pinto, Amanda Souza, Enilton Egito, Edson Romano, Maria H. Abib, Ieda Bosisio, Marcos Barbosa, Ricardo Pavanello, Luiz Mattos, Luiz Souza, J.Eduardo Souza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Do Myelin-Directed Antibodies Predict Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Jack P. Antel, Amit Bar-Or
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by recurrent neurologic events (clinical relapses) that are attributable to multifocal lesions within the central nervous system. Lesions referred to as "active plaques" are characterized by the presence of inflammation and active myelin degradation and phagocytosis. These lesions have been subtyped according to the relative presence of immunoglobulin (i.e., antibodies) and according to whether the primary injury is directed at the myelin itself or its cell of origin, the oligodendrocyte. Pathological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show that axonal injury occurs early in the course of disease. The potential for remyelination is greatest at this . . .
Poliomyelitis in an "Immunized" Family
Authors: S. Selwyn
Journal: BMJ (1962)

During the late summer and autumn of 1961 poliovirus isolations in the bacteriology department of Edinburgh University (which provides a virology service for the south-east region of Scotland) numbered 34 and were, with one exception, limited to poliovirus type 3.This was in marked contrast to the experience in most other parts of Britain and notably in the North of England- for example, Jamieson (1961).Northern Ireland was the only other region in which type 3 poliovirus appeared prevalent during 1961 (Virus Reference Laboratory, 1962).T-he single isolation of poliovirus type 1 was from the faeces of a girl aged 3 years admitted to Cameron Infec- tious Diseases Hospital, Fife, suffering from a severe acute paralytic illness.Clinical Note (Dr.E. Wilson, Cameron Hospital).-The child had complained of difficulty in moving her left leg two days before admission (October 11, 1961), and on the next day her right arm also was found to be paralysed.At the time of admission to hospital there were marked signs of meningeal irritation and extensive paralysis of both arms and legs, also of the neck and trunk muscles.Slight generalized weakness of the respiratory muscles was also present.The child was first nursed in a respirator but was rapidly weaned from this.The acute phase soon settled, leaving behind it extensive paralysis, particularly in the left arm and both legs.The patient's levels, however, appear to be within normal limits.It is of interest that an increase in the total gamma-globulin level of the serum does not seem to BMArrsH MEsDICAL.
Use of Multisystemic Therapy to Improve Regimen Adherence Among Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in Chronic Poor Metabolic Control
Authors: Deborah A. Ellis, Maureen A. Frey, Sylvie Naar-King, Thomas Templin, Phillippe Cunningham, Nedim Cakan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

The aim of this study was to determine whether multisystemic therapy (MST), an intensive, home-based psychotherapy, could improve adherence and metabolic control and decrease rates of hospital utilization among adolescents with chronically poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 127 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and chronically poor metabolic control (HbA(1c) [A1C] > or =8% for the past year) who received their diabetes care in a children's hospital located in a major Midwestern city. Participants randomly assigned to MST received treatment for approximately 6 months. Data were collected at baseline and at 7 months posttest (i.e., treatment termination). Changes in A1C adherence, as measured by semistructured interviews and blood glucose meters and hospital admissions and emergency department visits, were assessed.In intent-to-treat analyses, participation in MST was associated with significant improvements in the frequency of blood glucose testing as assessed by blood glucose meter readings (F[1,125] = 16.75, P = 0.001) and 24-h recall interviews (F[1,125] = 6.70, P = 0.011). Participants in MST also had a decreasing number of inpatient admissions, whereas the number of inpatient admissions increased for control subjects (F[1,125] = 6.25, P = 0.014). Per protocol analyses replicated intent-to-treat analyses but also showed a significant improvement in metabolic control for adolescents receiving MST compared with control subjects (F[1,114] = 4.03, P = 0.047).Intensive, home-based psychotherapy improves the frequency of blood glucose testing and metabolic control and decreases inpatient admissions among adolescents with chronically poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.
TONICS AND SEDATIVES
Authors: Ian Macdonald
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Anent your confession of fondness for limericks under the title of "Tonics and Sedatives" (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>173</b>:1238 [July 16] 1960), I suspect thee of some artful leg pulling of thine audience when thou offerest two quadruplets from the pen of T. R. Rees. For one so erudite as to toss out casually mention of thine succedaneous action in the same column, thou art trying to foist upon us a most foul succedaneum in lieu of a limerick. Knowest thou not, Sire, that a limerick (after the place of like name in Eire) is— Five anapaestic lines Of which the first, second, and fifth are of three feet and rhyme While the third and fourth are of two feet and rhyme? From this thee will perceive thine double error (<i>Sporting News</i>please copy); not only succedaneizing a 4-line jingle in place of 5 good lines,
The Relationship of Precordial Stress, Blood Uric Acid, and Salicylate Therapy
Authors: MILTON A. BRIDGES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 October 1928The Relationship of Precordial Stress, Blood Uric Acid, and Salicylate TherapyMILTON A. BRIDGES, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.MILTON A. BRIDGES, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-4-367 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA period of years ago, as the result of a fatality from angina pectoris, in a male thirty years of age, sufficient stimulation was produced to attempt to seek out further enlightenment concerning this much discussed entity.This angina pectoris fatality occurred in the instance of a case that had been thoroughly investigated to the best of the available resources. This investigation consisted in several associated physical examinations, electrocardiographic tracing, complete chemical blood analyses, urine analyses, and basal metabolic determinations together with cardio-pulmonary roentgen examination. In addition, consultation of the highest calibre had been obtained. The only finding, physical, chemical... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MILTON A. BRIDGES, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New York Post Graduate Medical School and Hospital New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMetabolic Influences in Vascular Disorders With Particular Reference To Cholesterol Determinations in Comparison With Uric Acid Levels 1 October 1928Volume 2, Issue 4Page: 367-372KeywordsAnginaBloodChemical analysisElectrocardiographyMetabolic analysisSalicylatesUric acidUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
FDA Grants Approval for First Cord Blood Product
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Case of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Associated With Painless Thyroiditis
Authors: Akihiro Hamasaki, Takao Taniguchi, Shunsuke Yamane, Midori Ida, Motozumi Okamoto, Yuichiro Yamada, Nobuya Inagaki, Yutaka Seino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Type 1 diabetes is classified as type 1A and type 1B diabetes, which are considered to be caused by autoimmune and nonautoimmune (idiopathic) mechanisms, respectively (1). Fulminant type 1 diabetes is characterized by a rapid-onset diabetic ketoacidosis within a short period of time, normal to near-normal HbA1c level at onset, and complete β-cell destruction and was originally reported as a subtype of type 1B diabetes (2). Recently, the involvement of viral infections has been suggested to be the triggering mechanism of fulminant type 1 diabetes (3,4). The involvement of T-cell autoimmunity in this disease, however, has also been reported (5–8). Thus, its etiology is still unclear. Here, we report a case of fulminant type 1 …
From Professor Osler.
Authors: Wm. Osler
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Baltimore, Md., Feb. 20, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For one, I fail to see anything<i>undignified</i>in the letter of Dr. S. Solis-Cohen, of which " Constancy" complains. It seemed to me admirable in every respect— frank, straightforward and to the point. Yours truly,
Primary Prevention of Cancer Among Children: Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Diet After Six Years of Intervention
Authors: Heather J. Walter, Roger D. Vaugh, Ernst L. Wynder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Primary Prevention of Cancer Among Children: Changes in Cigarette Smoking and Diet After Six Years of Intervention Get access Heather J. Walter, Heather J. Walter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger D. Vaugh, Roger D. Vaugh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ernst L. Wynder Ernst L. Wynder Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 13, 5 July 1989, Pages 995–997, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.13.995 Published: 05 July 1989 Article history Received: 13 May 1988 Revision received: 16 March 1989 Accepted: 24 March 1989 Published: 05 July 1989