tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chloroquine affects biosynthesis of Ia molecules by inhibiting dissociation of invariant (gamma) chains from alpha-beta dimers in B cells.
Authors: J Nowell, V Quaranta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Biosynthetic conversion of Ia oligomers from three chains (alpha, beta, gamma) to two (alpha, beta) before surface expression was inhibited in B lymphoid cells by treatment with chloroquine, resulting in the accumulation of Ia complexes composed of mature alpha and beta chains, and gamma chains at various states of sialylation. Other stages of Ia biosynthesis and processing appeared unaffected, indicating that chloroquine selectively interfered with the gamma chain dissociating mechanism itself. Similar effects were also observed with ammonium chloride. Because of the nature of such lysosomotropic agents, these results suggest that an intracellular acidic compartment may be involved in processing Ia oligomers to accomplish dissociation from gamma chains. Since chloroquine is known to inhibit Ia-restricted antigen presentation in accessory cells, our results raise the possibility that the pathways of antigen processing and Ia biosynthesis may use some common intracellular compartments.
"Gender blindness" threatens success of government's health strategy
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The failure to acknowledge that men and women have different health needs threatens the success of the government's key health goals and its modernisation agenda, concludes a report from the Equal Opportunities Commission.

National initiatives on sexual and mental health, coronary heart disease, cancer, and smoking, among others, stand to fail because of “gender blindness,” says the report, details of which were presented at the UK gender and health summit, held in London last week.

The summit, the first of its kind in the United Kingdom, was organised by the UK Gender and Health Partnership, in a bid to move …
DNA fingerprinting with two probes decreases clustering of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: W J Burman, R R Reves, A P Hawkes, C A Rietmeijer, Z Yang, H el-Hajj, J H Bates, M D Cave
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is used to study the epidemiology of tuberculosis, but the specificity of the widely used IS6110 technique has not been validated. Isolates from Denver, Colorado from December 1988 through June 1994 were fingerprinted with the IS6110 technique. Available records were reviewed for patients whose isolates were within IS6110-defined clusters, and these isolates were fingerprinted with an independent technique (pTBN12). Of 189 isolates, 86 (46%) were in IS6110-defined clusters. Clustering was inversely related to the number of copies of IS6110, ranging from 12 of 12 (100%) to 37 of 48 (77%) and 37 of 129 (29%) for isolates having one, two to five, and more than five copies (p < 0.001). Of the 86 isolates clustered with the IS6110 technique, 35 (41%) had unique pTBN12 fingerprints. Discordant results with the two fingerprinting techniques were more common among isolates having five or fewer copies of IS6110. Epidemiologic links were identified among four of 35 (11%) patients whose isolates had discordant fingerprinting results, as compared with 40 of 51 (78%) of those whose isolates matched by both IS6110 and pTBN12. DNA fingerprinting with the IS6110 technique was not a specific marker of DNA clonality, particularly among isolates having fewer than five copies of IS6110. The use of a supplemental DNA fingerprinting technique decreased clustering and improved the correlation between the transmission links predicted by molecular techniques and epidemiologic investigation.
The Quitline Is Calling
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Jennifer Irvin Vidrine, PhD; Sanjay Shete, PhD; Yumei Cao, MS; Anthony Greisinger, PhD; Penny Harmonson, BS; Barry Sharp, MS; Lyndsay Miles, MA; Susan M. Zbikowski, PhD; David W. Wetter, PhD
A CASE OF ELEPHANTIASIS FROM THE BELGIAN CONGO
Authors: E. R. Kellersberger
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Any medical man who has the privilege of following his profession in central Africa is rewarded for his arduous life not alone by the satisfaction that he is serving where there is an appalling need, but by coming in close touch with interesting diseases of the most varied types. One group of diseases, as one may well call it, that is continually presenting itself at all clinics in a variety of forms is that of the conditions resulting from the infection by<i>Filaria bancrofti</i>. These conditions seem to be more frequent in the male and to group themselves oftenest about the generative organs, manifesting themselves as simple scrotal elephantiasis, or such further complications as hydrocele, lymphangitis, chyluria, lymph scrotum, varicose lymph glands and orchitis. It is the common experience that the newer medical man does not see many severe cases. Patients do not show themselves, partly owing to fear or
Eosinophilic Granuloma of Rib
Authors: Austin R. Grant, Reginald K. House, Walter B. Crandell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

EOSINOPHILIC granuloma of bone has been regarded as a disease that occurs in children and young adults and locally has a rapidly progressive course. A recently observed case has directed attention to the fact that the disease occurs in the older age groups and that its course can extend over a period of years.Case ReportA 46-year-old laborer entered the hospital on November 14, 1939, for the repair of a left indirect inguinal hernia. A routine roentgenogram of the chest revealed an area of decreased density posteriorly in the medullary portion of the left tenth rib. The area was . . .
Topias and Utopias in Health: Policy Studies
Authors: Juliana Geran Pilon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Anyone who expects this collection of articles, presented at the Ninth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, to provide scientific information will be sorely disappointed. The book is explicitly and militantly Marxist. Every article is polemical in style and political in intent. The health care systems of socialist countries are praised as more "utopian" than Western models, partly because "the professional expert who tells others what to do is under attack through state intervention and widespread mobilization of popular energy and initiative." Apart from its endless ideological diatribes, irrelevant to a scientific investigation, the book is so sloppy in terminology, so full of rhetoric, so one-sided in its bibliographies, that it defies any sense of objectivity. Yet on the dust jacket, Margaret Mead claims that this Congress has "brought together the most representative group of scientists and scholars that has ever met to advance our discipline." Assuming this statement
Thymic lymphoma induction by the AKT8 murine retrovirus.
Authors: S P Staal, J W Hartley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The directly transforming murine retrovirus, AKT8, was isolated from a spontaneous AKR thymoma and carries the cell-derived viral oncogene, akt. We have now shown that this virus produces thymic lymphomas after inoculation of susceptible mouse strains. The presence of the AKT8 genome in the DNA of the virus-induced tumors was demonstrated by Southern blotting using an akt-specific probe. These results establish the in vivo pathogenicity of the AKT8 virus and its akt oncogene, and imply a potential role for the cellular akt proto-oncogene in tumor development.
Effect of Aspirin or Resistant Starch on Colorectal Neoplasia in the Lynch Syndrome
Authors: John Burn, D. Timothy Bishop, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Finlay Macrae, Gabriela Möslein, Sylviane Olschwang, Marie-Luise Bisgaard, Raj Ramesar, Diana Eccles, Eamonn R. Maher, Lucio Bertario, Heikki J. Jarvinen, Annika Lindblom, D. Gareth Evans, Jan Lubinski, Patrick J. Morrison, Judy W.C. Ho, Hans F.A. Vasen, Lucy Side, Huw J.W. Thomas, Rodney J. Scott, Malcolm Dunlop, Gail Barker, Faye Elliott, Jeremy R. Jass, Ricardo Fodde, Henry T. Lynch, John C. Mathers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Observational and epidemiologic data indicate that the use of aspirin reduces the risk of colorectal neoplasia; however, the effects of aspirin in the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) are not known. Resistant starch has been associated with an antineoplastic effect on the colon.In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we used a two-by-two design to investigate the effects of aspirin, at a dose of 600 mg per day, and resistant starch (Novelose), at a dose of 30 g per day, in reducing the risk of adenoma and carcinoma among persons with the Lynch syndrome.Among 1071 persons in 43 centers, 62 were ineligible to participate in the study, 72 did not enter the study, and 191 withdrew from the study. These three categories were equally distributed across the study groups. Over a mean period of 29 months (range, 7 to 74), colonic adenoma or carcinoma developed in 141 participants. Of 693 participants randomly assigned to receive aspirin or placebo, neoplasia developed in 66 participants receiving aspirin (18.9%), as compared with 65 receiving placebo (19.0%) (relative risk, 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 1.4). There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the development of advanced neoplasia (7.4% and 9.9%, respectively; P=0.33). Among the 727 participants receiving resistant starch or placebo, neoplasia developed in 67 participants receiving starch (18.7%), as compared with 68 receiving placebo (18.4%) (relative risk, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.4). Advanced adenomas and colorectal cancers were evenly distributed in the two groups. The prevalence of serious adverse events was low, and the events were evenly distributed.The use of aspirin, resistant starch, or both for up to 4 years has no effect on the incidence of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma among carriers of the Lynch syndrome. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN59521990.)
<i>HLA-B*1301</i> as a Biomarker for Genetic Susceptibility to Hypersensitivity Dermatitis Induced by Trichloroethylene among Workers in China
Authors: Haishan Li, Yufei Dai, Hanlin Huang, Laiyu Li, Shuguang Leng, Juan Cheng, Yong Niu, Huawei Duan, Qingjun Liu, Xing Zhang, Xianqing Huang, Jinxin Xie, Zhiming Feng, Juncai Wang, Jiaxi He, Yuxin Zheng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundTrichloroethylene (TCE) is used extensively as an industrial solvent and has been recognized as one of the major environmental pollutants. To date, > 200 cases of TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis among exposed workers have been reported worldwide, and TCE exposure has become one of the critical occupational health issues in Asia.ObjectivesThe study aimed to identify genetic susceptible biomarkers associated with the TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis in genes located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region.MethodsFrom 1998 to 2006, 121 cases with TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis and 142 tolerant controls were recruited into the population-based case–control study. We determined HLA alleles B, DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1, by sequence-based typing. p-Values were corrected for comparisons of multiple HLA alleles. In addition, we compared and analyzed the structure character of amino acid residues of HLA molecules found in participants.ResultsWe obtained complete genotyping data of 113 cases and 142 controls. The allele HLA-B*1301 was present in 83 (73.5%) of 113 patients compared with 13 (9.2%) of 142 tolerant workers (odds ratio = 27.5; 95% confidence interval, 13.5–55.7; corrected p = 1.48 × 10−21). In addition, the HLA-B*44 alleles were present in 6.2% (7/113) of patients, but were absent in TCE-tolerant workers. Residue 95 shared by HLA-B*1301 and HLA-B*44 molecules formed a different pocket F than other residues.ConclusionsThe allele HLA-B*1301 is strongly associated with TCE-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis among exposed workers and might be used as a biomarker to predict high risk individuals to TCE.
1005-76 Preconditioning with 15-min Ischemia Extends Myocardial Infarct Size After Subsequent 30-min Ischemia in Rabbits
Authors: Kenzo Yamasaki, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, Ryoji Yokota, Masami Miyamae, Masaru Tanaka, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Ian Duncan Chisholm
Authors: Dan Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant psychiatrist Bristol (b 1929; q St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1960; FRCP, FRCPsych), d 10 May 2004.

Duncan Chisholm was appointed consultant psychiatrist at Bristol's Barrow and Southmeads Hospitals and clinical lecturer in Bristol University's department of mental health in 1969. He made a substantial contribution to the development of community mental health services in Bristol and the surrounding area, setting up lithium and depot injection clinics, community psychiatric nursing services, and one of the first mother and baby units in the country in the early 1970s. Later he was primarily responsible for the introduction of a community oriented general psychiatric service in the Southmead Health District in Bristol and was chairman of the division of psychiatry in 1977-82. He leaves a wife, Annabelle; four sons; and four grandsons.
Respiratory and Cerebrovascular Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Familial Dysautonomia
Authors: Luciano Bernardi, Max Hilz, Brigitte Stemper, Claudio Passino, Goetz Welsch, Felicia B. Axelrod
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Although cardiorespiratory complications contribute to the high morbidity/mortality of familial dysautonomia (FD), the mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated respiratory, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular control by monitoring ventilation, end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2-et), oxygen saturation, RR interval, blood pressure (BP), and midcerebral artery flow velocity (MCFV) during progressive isocapnic hypoxia, progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia, and during recovery from moderate hyperventilation (to simulate changes leading to respiratory arrest) in 22 subjects with FD and 23 matched control subjects. Subjects with FD had normal ventilation, higher CO2-et, lower oxygen saturation, lower RR interval, and higher BP. MCFV was also higher but depended on the higher baseline CO2-et. In the FD group, whereas hyperoxic hypercapnia induced normal cardiovascular and ventilatory responses, progressive hypoxia resulted in blunted increases in ventilation, paradoxical decreases in RR interval and BP, and lack of MCFV increase. Hyperventilation induced a longer hypocapnia-induced apneic period (51.5 ± 9.9 versus 11.2 ± 5.5 seconds, p < 0.008) with profound desaturation (to 75.8 ± 3.5%), marked BP decrease, and RR interval increase. Subjects with FD develop central depression in response to even moderate hypoxia with lack of expected change in cerebral circulation, leading to hypotension, bradycardia, hypoventilation, and potentially respiratory arrest. Higher resting BP delays occurrence of syncope during hypoxia. Therapeutic measures preventing hypoxia/hypocapnia may correct cardiovascular accidents in patients with FD.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Older Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Suning Chen
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TCT-255 Effectiveness Of Preprocedural Statin Administration In Reducing Contrast−Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Meta−Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Daniele Giacoppo, Davide Capodanno, Piera Capranzano, Patrizia Aruta, Corrado Tamburino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Widespread Musculoskeletal Pain and the Progression of Disability in Older Disabled Women
Authors: Suzanne G. Leveille, Shari Ling, Marc C. Hochberg, Helaine E. Resnick, Karen J. Bandeen-Roche, Aida Won, Jack M. Guralnik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Widespread musculoskeletal pain is a poorly understood but common problem in older adults. Little is known about the progression of disability related to this condition. Objective: To determine whether widespread musculoskeletal pain increases the risk for worsening disability in older women with disabilities. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The Women's Health and Aging Study. Participants: 1002 community-dwelling women 65 years of age or older with disability. Measurements: Widespread musculoskeletal pain was defined as pain in the upper and lower extremities and axial pain with moderate or severe pain in at least one of the three regions. Worsening disability was defined as progression from no or mild difficulty to severe difficulty or inability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), walk one-quarter mile, or lift 10 lbs. Results: At baseline, 24% of participants had widespread pain and 25% had no pain or only mild pain in a single site. Women with widespread pain were 2.5 to 3.5 times more likely to have severe difficulty with ADLs, walking, or lifting at baseline compared with women who had no or mild pain. In women without severe difficulty initially, widespread pain nearly doubled the risk for progression to severe difficulty in each of the tasks, after adjustment for age, body mass index, comorbid illness, and other confounders. Conclusion: Widespread musculoskeletal pain is frequent among community-dwelling older women with disability and appears to predict the progression of disability. Efforts to better understand the cause of this pain and its treatment might reduce the overall burden of disability.
Do statins really slow the progression of aortic valve stenosis? A need for a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Francesco Antonini-Canterin, Guoqian Huang, Eugenio Cervesato, Pompilio Faggiano, Daniela Pavan, Rita Piazza, Angiola Bolis, Antonio Ciavattone, Alberto Ruggiero, Gianluigi Nicolosi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Phototherapy and Photochemotherapy
Authors: John H. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Human diseases have been treated with the sun's rays since antiquity.1 It is a form of phototherapy, which is defined as the direct use of nonionizing radiation to treat disease. The use of ultraviolet B radiation (290 to 320 nm) in the treatment of psoriasis, with or without the additive effect of coal-tar products, is an excellent example of phototherapy. The effects of ultraviolet B rays on this disease appear to result from a direct inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitosis in the hyperproliferating epidermal cells that are characteristic of psoriasis.2 However, direct effects on dermal blood vessels and infiltrating . . .
Cigarette Smoking and Neuropathy in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Braxton D Mitchell, Victor M Hawthorne, Aaron I Vinik
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

We studied whether lifetime cigarette smoking is associated with the presence of diabetic neuropathy. The research design consisted of a case-control study conducted from a referral-based diabetes clinic at a major medical center. The patients were a 65% sample (163 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM] and 166 non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] patients) of all patients admitted during a 26-mo period. Neuropathy was diagnosed on the basis of signs and symptoms. Smoking history was obtained by mailed questionnaire (66% response rate). Diabetes duration, HbA1, age, sex, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension history, and lifetime alcohol consumption were measured as covariates. The prevalence of neuropathy was 49 and 38% in IDDM (n = 113) and NIDDM (n = 104) patients, respectively. In IDDM, but not NIDDM, current or ex-smokers were significantly more likely to have neuropathy than individuals who had never smoked (odds ratio 2.46, P = 0.02), and the prevalence of neuropathy increased with increasing number of pack-years smoked (P &amp;lt; 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, IDDM patients smoking ≥30 pack-yr were 3.32 times more likely to have neuropathy than patients smoking less than this amount (95% confidence interval 1.15–9.58, P = 0.026). Cigarette smoking was associated with the presence of neuropathy in this clinic-based population of IDDM patients. The hypothesis that cigarette smoking is associated with diabetic neuropathy should be investigated further, both prospectively and in a more representative population.
Cadmium-binding proteins in Pseudomonas putida: pseudothioneins.
Authors: D P Higham, P J Sadler, M D Scawen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Pseudomonas putida adapted to growth in 3 mM cadmium. The resistance mechanism involved complexation of cadmium in polyphosphate granules, changes in the structure of the cell membrane and induction of three cysteine-rich, low molecular weight proteins (3500-7000) containing 4 to 7 g-atoms per mole of cadmium, zinc, and copper. Each protein was produced during a different phase of growth, and the smallest protein (3500) was released into the environment when the cells lysed at the end of the exponential phase. The metal binding sites of the major protein were further characterized using a range of physical methods, including 113Cd NMR. The properties of the bacterial pseudothioneins are compared to those of metallothioneins.
The anemia of senescence
Authors: D. A. Lipschitz, C. O. Mitchell, C. Thompson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract A study of 196 healthy geriatric females and 26 males confirmed the high prevalence of anemia in this population. Forty‐two females (21.4%) had a hematocrit of less than 36% and nine (34%) of the males had a value of less than 40%. A careful evaluation, including a therapeutic trial of oral iron in some subjects, made a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in only three and the anemia of chronic disease could be diagnosed in two. No subject had folate or B 12 defiency and hemolytic anemia was not present. Thus, in most of these subjects, the lower hematocrit was not due to commonly recognized causes. Further evaluation revealed a high prevalence of leukopenia in this population; 30% having counts less than 5 × 10 3 /μd and 10% having values less than 4 × 10 −3 / μl. Of most importance, leukocyte counts were significantly lower in anemic subjects in whom a high incidence of neutropenia was also demonstrated. This suggests that the mechanisms of the unexplained anemia and neutropenia is an overall reduction in hematopoietic cell numbers. This conclusion is consistent with the observation that many aged subjects have a decreased ability to mount an adequate leukocyte response to infection. These findings suggest that the presence of anemia marks an overall reduction in hematopoietic reserve and provides a clue to those aged subjects at greatest risk of an inadequate response to stress.