tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaemia and psychomotor function.
Authors: A J Lee
Journal: BMJ (1970)

sudden pain in the calf to death from mas- sive pulmonary embolism.Apprehension still exists as continuing investigations indicate that there are grave discrepancies in the recommended methods of laundering and sterilizing in the hospital service.The non-clinical approach is paramount.Hospital flora are now accepted, apparently calmly (8 August, p. 305).Just how far have we gone backwards in 22 years?Do we need another Lister?-Iam, etc.,
Hormones, offspring sex ratios, and weekly training distances of male runners: implications for overtraining
Authors: William H James
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Editor,—Mackelvie et al 1 report that, within a group of male runners, free testosterone levels correlate negatively and highly significantly with the weekly training distance (p<0.005). Crawford et al 2 reported that the offspring sex ratio (proportion male) of a sample of male runners varied significantly by …
Enumerating autoreactive T cells in peripheral blood: a big step in diabetes prediction
Authors: George S. Eisenbarth, Brian L. Kotzin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

In this issue of the JCI, Trudeau and colleagues make a bold statement: “We show, we believe for the first time, that the development of an autoimmune disease can be predicted based on the presence of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in the peripheral blood.” (1). We suspect that, like most “firsts,” this one will be challenged. Nevertheless, based on recent workshops showing the difficulty analyzing autoreactive T cells in patients with type 1 diabetes and in animal models of this disease (2, 3), these commentators are inclined to accept this very important “first.” Though type 1 diabetes is marked by pancreatic islet β cell–specific autoantibodies and can be predicted with highly specific and sensitive autoantibody assays (4, 5), β cell damage and destruction are mediated by T cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) (5, 6). Thus, quantifying islet-reactive T cells in patients genetically at high risk to develop disease and in patients with prediabetes may be a more direct (and at least complementary) approach to detect β cell autoimmunity and predict which patients will go on to develop disease. In type 1 diabetes, assays must be able to identify autoreactive cells in the peripheral blood, not just the target organ and surrounding lymphoid tissue where they accumulate, since the blood is the only place where sampling can be routinely done. However, the hurdles have been so high and progress so limited, it has been debated whether autoreactive T cells circulate in sufficient quantities to be directly detected. Assays that quantify and characterize the function of islet-specific T cells in blood are also needed to monitor therapeutic trials in type 1 diabetes. To date, two very large trials of therapies to prevent type 1 diabetes have failed to show an effect on an apparently inexorable disease progression (7). Although one of the therapies was directed at insulin-specific T cells, no reliable assays monitored effects on this cell population. The efforts have been compared to testing therapies that prevent hypertensive kidney disease without being able to measure blood pressure.
Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, JOHN W. KIRKLIN, HOWARD B. BURCHELL
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A total of 696 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) of either the secundum (90.5%) or the sinus venosus (9.5%) type were operated on at the Mayo Clinic from 1954 through 1965. Pulmonary hypertension (PHT, defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg or greater) or chronic congestive cardiac failure (CCF) (or both) was associated with 80% of the hospital deaths. For the years 1958 through 1965 (531 cases), the hospital mortality for these three groups was 10% (three of 30), 14% (one of seven), and 18% (two of 11), respectively; only two (0.4%) of the remaining 483 patients died, and both were more than 45 years old (among a total of 93 patients more than 45 years old). There have been no operative deaths among those less than 45 years of age and without PHT or CCF (390 cases) in the years 1958 through 1965. No operative deaths occurred in the years 1963 through 1965. Of 16 patients 60 years or older (1954 through 1965), one has died. A 6- to 12-year follow-up was possible on 397 patients operated on from 1954 through 1960. In the absence of PHT or CCF, 330 survived operation. Among the 53 patients more than 45 years old, four died later (not definitely related to closure of ASD), three were not well, 32 were in excellent health, and 14 were lost to follow-up in 1966. Among the 277 patients less than 45 years old, 10 died later (all but one probably unrelated to closure of ASD), three were unwell, 186 were in excellent health, and 78 were lost to follow-up in 1966. Forty-two patients with PHT survived operation in the period from 1954 through 1960. Ten had pulmonary resistance of more than 640 dynes sec cm -5 ; four of these were well, two had died (with PHT), two had severe PHT, one was in CCF, and one was moderately disabled. Thirty-two had pulmonary resistances of 640 dynes sec cm -5 or less; three of these had died (unrelated to closure of ASD), five were moderately disabled, 16 were in excellent health, and eight were lost to follow-up in 1966. Eighteen patients with CCF survived operation in the period from 1954 through 1960. All had had grade IV disability (New York Heart Association classification). There were three late deaths (one due to severe pulmonary vascular disease and two unrelated to closure of ASD), one patient had grade IV disability, five had grades I to II disability, eight were in excellent health, and one was lost to follow-up in 1966. Paroxysmal arrhythmia occurred in 75 of 397 patients (19%) operated on from 1954 through 1960. In 53 patients it was present preoperatively and persisted postoperatively in 15 of them (28%); in an additional 22 it appeared for the first time after closure of the ASD.
Abnormal Cardiac Silhouette in a Patient With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Stephen C. Huber, W. Richard Webb, J. David Kuykendall, W. Louis Meier
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>History</h3> Hodgkin's disease, mixed cell type, was diagnosed in a 38-year-old woman after biopsy of an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node in May 1975. Chest roentgenogram showed right and left paratracheal masses (Fig 1), and her lymphoma was subsequently staged as IIIA after splenic involvement was found at laparotomy. She received external beam irradiation with 4,500 rads to a standard thoracic mantle and 4,000 rads to "inverted Y" and right and left inguinal fields. The paratracheal adenopathy disappeared after irradiation, but the cardiac silhouette was noted to be abnormal in August 1977 (Fig 2). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Recurrent Hodgkin's disease involving the paracardiac lymph nodes at the cardiac apex. <h3>Comment</h3> Figure 2 shows a mass in the left cardiophrenic angle that was not present on the earlier film. Histological proof of Hodgkin's disease was obtained by a fluoroscopically guided transcutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Mediastinal lymph node involvement is common in Hodgkin's disease,
Inverse Modulation of Steady-State Messenger RNA Levels of Two Non-Integrin Laminin-Binding Proteins in Human Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Vincent Castronovo, Elias Campo, Frederic A. van den Brûle, Anne P. Claysmith, Vittoria Cioce, Fu-Tong Liu, Pedro L. Fernandez, Mark E. Sobel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Inverse Modulation of Steady-State Messenger RNA Levels of Two Non-Integrin Laminin-Binding Proteins in Human Colon Carcinoma Get access Vincent Castronovo, Vincent Castronovo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elias Campo, Elias Campo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frederic A. van den Brûle, Frederic A. van den Brûle Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anne P. Claysmith, Anne P. Claysmith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Vittoria Cioce, Vittoria Cioce Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fu-Tong Liu, Fu-Tong Liu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pedro L. Fernandez, Pedro L. Fernandez Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark E. Sobel Mark E. Sobel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 15, 5 August 1992, Pages 1161–1169, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.15.1161 Published: 05 August 1992 Article history Received: 23 March 1992 Revision received: 17 April 1992 Accepted: 23 April 1992 Published: 05 August 1992
Safe Food: Bacteria, Biotechnology and Bioterrorism
Authors: R. Mayon-White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Marion Nestle University of California Press, £19.95/$27.50, pp 356 ISBN 0 520 23292 5 www.ucpress.edu Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> There is much distrust of both the food industry and the ability of government agencies to protect the public from unsafe food. The current debate over genetically modified (GM) crops is a good example of the concern. One of the reasons for the distrust is that scientific risk assessments do not convince the many people who make value based judgments on the safety of consumer products. Another factor is that safety, whether … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Depletion of liver and esophageal epithelium vitamin a after chronic moderate ethanol consumption in rats: Inverse relation to zinc nutriture
Authors: Sohrab Mobarhan, Thomas J. Layden, Howard Friedman, Annette Kunigk, Philip Donahue
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

This study was designed to determine whether chronic moderate ethanol ingestion alters the levels of vitamin A of liver and esophageal epithelium and if this is dependent on zinc nutriture. Forty male Sprague-Dawley 4-week-old rats were divided into five groups: zinc-deficient (0.9 ppm), ethanol-fed; zinc-deficient; zinc-adequate (25 ppm); zinc-adequate (25 ppm), ethanol-fed; and zinc-supplemented (50 ppm), ethanol-fed. All rats received liquid Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 4,000 IU per liter of vitamin A for 5 weeks. Zinc-deficient, ethanol-fed rats and zinc-adequate, ethanol-fed rats and zinc-supplemented, ethanol-fed rats received 15.5% of the caloric intake as ethanol while zinc-deficient and zinc-adequate rats received isocaloric amounts of maltose dextrin. All groups were pair-fed to zinc-deficient, ethanol-fed rats. In addition, a group of eight rats designated as weight-restricted controls were fed a diet similar to the one given to zinc-adequate rats but in the amount to obtain a final weight as in the zinc-deficient group. After 35 days, the liver histology was normal in all rats, and no fat accumulation was noted. Hepatic vitamin A concentration was significantly decreased in zinc-adequate, ethanol-fed rats (41 ± 10 μg per gm) and further in zinc-supplemented, ethanol-fed rats (12 ± 5 μg per gm) as compared to controls (137 ± 49). A highly significant negative correlation between serum zinc and liver vitamin A was found in ethanol-fed animals. In zinc-deficient, ethanol-fed rats, ethanol did not induce mobilization of liver vitamin A, however, it caused a significant reduction in the ratio of retinyl ester to retinol (53 ± 16%) as compared to controls. Zinc deficiency in the absence of alcohol caused a reduction of hepatic vitamin A concentration and total content, and this effect was not secondary to protein-caloric malnutrition as values were unaffected in weight-restricted controls. In esophageal epithelium, a significant reduction of vitamin A stores was noted in zinc-supplemented, ethanol-fed rats (0.67 ± 0.7 μg per gm) as compared to controls (3.3 ± 1.0, p &lt; 0.01), and a significant negative correlation was seen between serum zinc and esophageal vitamin A levels of ethanol-fed rats. These results demonstrate that ethanol in moderate quantities causes profound alterations of the vitamin A status of the liver and esophagus, and these effects are inversely correlated to zinc nutriture.
Induction of Protective Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in the Presence of High Titers of Virus-neutralizing Antibodies: Implications for Passive and Active Immunization
Authors: Peter Seiler, Marie-Anne Bründler, Christine Zimmermann, Doris Weibel, Michael Bruns, Hans Hengartner, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The effect of preexistent virus-neutralizing antibodies on the active induction of antiviral T cell responses was studied in two model infections in mice. Against the noncytopathic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), pretreatment with neutralizing antibodies conferred immediate protection against systemic virus spread and controlled the virus below detectable levels. However, presence of protective antibody serum titers did not impair induction of antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses after infection with 102 PFU of LCMV. These CTLs efficiently protected mice independent of antibodies against challenge with LCMV–glycoprotein recombinant vaccinia virus; they also protected against otherwise lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis caused by intracerebral challenge with LCMV-WE, whereas transfused antibodies alone did not protect, and in some cases even enhanced, lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Against the cytopathic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), specific CTLs and Th cells were induced in the presence of high titers of VSV-neutralizing antibodies after infection with 106 PFU of VSV, but not at lower virus doses. Taken together, preexistent protective antibody titers controlled infection but did not impair induction of protective T cell immunity. This is particularly relevant for noncytopathic virus infections since both virus-neutralizing antibodies and CTLs are essential for continuous virus control. Therefore, to vaccinate against such viruses parallel or sequential passive and active immunization may be a suitable vaccination strategy to combine advantages of both virus-neutralizing antibodies and CTLs.
Human mannose-binding protein functions as an opsonin for influenza A viruses.
Authors: K L Hartshorn, K Sastry, M R White, E M Anders, M Super, R A Ezekowitz, A I Tauber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in yearly epidemics, which result from the ability of the virus to alter the antigenicity of its envelope proteins. Despite the rapid replication of this virus and its ability to infect a wide variety of cell types, viremia is rare and the infection is generally limited to the upper respiratory tract. The preimmune host defense response against IAV is generally, therefore, successful. We have previously provided (and summarized) evidence that neutrophils contribute to defense against IAV, although neutrophil dysfunction and local tissue damage may be less salutory byproducts of this response. Here we provide evidence that the serum lectin mannose-binding protein directly inhibits hemagglutinin activity and infectivity of several strains of IAV. In addition mannose-binding protein acts as an opsonin, enhancing neutrophil reactivity against IAV. Opsonization of IAV by mannose-binding protein also protects the neutrophil from IAV-induced dysfunction. These effects are observed with physiologically relevant concentrations of mannose-binding protein. Two different allelic forms of recombinant mannose-binding protein are found to have similar effects. We believe, on the basis of these data, that mannose-binding protein alone and in conjunction with phagocytic cells is an important constituent of natural immunity (i.e., preimmune defense) against IAV.
Abstract 2204: BCL11B is a critical EWS/FLI up-regulated target in Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Elizabeth Toomey, Bianca Lui, Stephen Lessnick
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Ewing's sarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor of the bone and soft tissue that affects the pediatric and young adult population, and is characterized by the EWS/FLI chromosomal translocation. This fusion protein acts as an oncogenic transcription factor to dysregulate the expression of a number of genes that contribute to the transformed phenotype. One challenge is to define which of these dysregulated genes are important for the oncogenic phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma. To address this issue, we used a proteomics approach to identify new protein-protein interactions among target genes of EWS/FLI. This screen identified BCL11B, which had previously been identified in genome-wide transcriptional profiling studies by our group, and others, as an up-regulated target of EWS/FLI. Methods: To define the function of BCL11B in Ewing's sarcoma, we used retroviral mediated shRNA knock-down of EWS/FLI, followed by re-expression of the EWS/FLI cDNA, to verify that BCL11B expression is modulated by the fusion protein. Anchorage independent growth assays assessed the oncogenic potential of patient derived Ewing's sarcoma cell lines in which BCL11B had been knocked-down with shRNA. Luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques were used to interrogate BCL11B regulation by EWS/FLI. Results: Our results show that BCL11B is up-regulated by EWS/FLI and is necessary for oncogenic transformation in patient derived Ewing's sarcoma cell lines. Our work addressing the mechanism of BCL11B regulation by EWS/FLI is on-going, but preliminary data suggests that BCL11B may be a direct target of EWS/FLI. Conclusion: This work identified BCL11B as an EWS/FLI up-regulated target that contributes to transformation in Ewing's sarcoma. It also provides a setting in which we can broaden our knowledge regarding the mechanisms used by EWS/FLI to up-regulate critical target genes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2204. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2204
Correlation between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Expression of Female Hormone Receptors in East-Asian Lung Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chee-Keong Toh, Baidah Ahmad, Richie Soong, Khoon-Leong Chuah, Sze-Huey Tan, Siew-Wan Hee, Swan-Swan Leong, Eng-Huat Tan, Wan-Teck Lim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
PROBLEM OF MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES
Authors: Robert H. Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1952)

An opportunity has existed during the past 27 years to study a series of 255 children afflicted with muscular dystrophies, muscular atrophies, and clinically similar conditions at the St. Louis unit of the Shriners' Hospital for Crippled Children. A review of these cases has been conducted in an effort to clarify the confusion that exists in relation to the terminology and to discern more of the natural history of these diseases. Because no initial examination may be made on patients over 15 years of age at this institution, the material studied cannot be considered comprehensive except for those diseases in which the onset is common in childhood. These patients may be classified under two major headings, the myopathies and the neuropathies. The former pathological conditions result from primary degenerative changes within the muscles themselves, while the latter occur secondary to disease of the nervous system. A total of 231 cases
Retention of order and the binding of verbal and spatial information in short-term memory: Constraints for proceduralist accounts
Authors: Murray T. Maybery, Fabrice B. R. Parmentier, Peter J. Clissa
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Consistent with Ruchkin and colleagues' proceduralist account, recent research on grouping and verbal-spatial binding in immediate memory shows continuity across short- and long-term retention, and activation of classes of information extending beyond those typically allowed in modular models. However, Ruchkin et al.'s account lacks well-specified mechanisms for the retention of serial order, binding, and the control of activation through attention.
Issues and nonissues in the origins of language
Authors: Wendy K. Wilkins, Jennie Wakefield
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract This response clarifies the nature of reappropriation and the definition of language. It explicates the relationship between neural systems and language and between homology and evolutionary gradualism. Through a review of ape capacities in the realms of language and tool use, it distinguishes human language acquisition from nonhuman learning. Finally, it suggests the appropriate sorts of evidence on which to base further evolutionary arguments relevant to the origins of language.
Fruit acids and sodium hydroxide in the food industry and their combined effect with sodium lauryl sulphate: controlled in vivo tandem irritation study
Authors: J.W. Fluhr, L. Bankova, S. Fuchs, D. Kelterer, S. Schliemann-Willers, J. Norgauer, P. Kleesz, R. Grieshaber, P. Elsner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background Cutaneous exposure to a variety of irritants has been extensively studied in recent years. Nevertheless, knowledge of the induction of irritant dermatitis, especially by mild irritants at low doses and for a short duration of exposure, is still incomplete. Objectives To quantify the irritant effects and barrier disruption properties of ascorbic acid (ASC), acetic acid (ACA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), particularly in combination with an anionic detergent, sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). Methods In a tandem repeated irritation test, the irritants were applied for 30 min twice daily for 4 days to the skin of the mid‐back of 19 healthy volunteers of both sexes. We used bioengineering techniques for measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin colour reflectance, as well as visual scoring. Results Repeated application of ASC and ACA caused a moderate increase in TEWL and erythema. The sequential application of ASC or ACA and SLS enhanced these effects. NaOH induced a strong reaction when applied both occlusively and nonocclusively as well as in combination with SLS, with an early onset of the inflammatory signs, leading to discontinuation of the application on the third day in most of the test fields. Notably, the irritant effect of NaOH was not as marked when applied sequentially with SLS. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that concurrent application of an anionic detergent and a mild acidic irritant can lead to disruption of the barrier function which, although not additive, is still considerable. The combined application of SLS and mild acids does not prevent SLS‐induced irritation. Furthermore, we showed that NaOH in low concentrations may also act as a potent irritant but that its effect is not enhanced by SLS. The necessity of adequate skin protection and reduction of contact with substances that are potentially barrier disruptive and irritant, e.g. in the food industry, is emphasized, not only when handling detergents, but also when processing food products.
Central Hemiretinal Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Kenneth C. Mathys, Seema Garg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 65-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and cigarette smoking presented with complete loss of vision in the inferior field of the left eye, which she had noticed an hour before presentation. She reported having had two transient episodes of amaurosis in the left eye the previous day. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Dilated ophthalmoscopy of the left eye revealed a nonrefractile plaque in the proximal superior retinal artery (Panel A, arrow). Superficial retinal whitening in the superior macula signified retinal ischemia (Panel A, arrowheads). Fluorescein angiography showed delayed vascular filling in the superior retinal arteries (Panel . . .