tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of giant cells and factors related to the formation of giant cells in myocarditis.
Authors: M Kodama, Y Matsumoto, M Fujiwara, S S Zhang, H Hanawa, E Itoh, T Tsuda, T Izumi, A Shibata
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Giant cell myocarditis is a serious and frequently fatal inflammatory heart disease of which the etiology remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the origin of multinucleated giant cells in myocarditis with the use of an experimental model. We also examined the factors relating to the formation of giant cells in myocarditis. Severe myocarditis characterized by the appearance of multinucleated giant cells was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Two types of giant cells, foreign body giant cell-like and myocytelike, were observed in this myocarditis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that both types of multinucleated giant cells were stained with OX42 and ED1 (macrophage markers) and were not stained with anti-desmin antibody and HHF35 (markers for muscle fibers). Therefore, it is likely that multinucleated giant cells in this myocarditis are derived from macrophages. During the course of the disease, the appearance of multinucleated giant cells was restricted to a period corresponding with the fulminant phase of inflammation. When the severity of the disease was modulated by immunization with various doses of the antigen, multinucleated giant cells appeared only in severe myocarditis after inoculation of a large dose of the antigen. Administration of immunoadjuvants also affected the formation of giant cells. Most of the rats injected with cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant developed giant cell myocarditis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF SUBLIMATE AS A CURE FOR CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS.
Authors: J. D. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In theJournalof Feb. 15, 1896, page 345, quoting from<i>Sem. Méd.</i>, Jan. 15, 1896, I find that, "An Italian, Dr. Dazio, suggested the above-named treatment, and with it, Dr. Consalvi, of Casoli, has recently treated successfully nine cases." I desire to say that I inaugurated a similar treatment at Dyersburg, Tenn., in the spring of 1885. Having seen as consulting physician, a Mr. McC., of Fowlk's Station, four miles from Dyersburg, in the midst of vigorous manhood, die in great agony with cerebro-spinal meningitis, and two days later a youth of 14 years named Martin, in the town of Dyersburg, sicken and in twenty-four hours die as quietly as one going to sleep; and having practiced through two former epidemics of the disease with little or no success, I determined on an original heroic course of my own in the event of an epidemic. I had not long
Effect of omeprazole on the secretion of intrinsic factor, gastric acid and pepsin in man.
Authors: E Kittang, E Aadland, H Schjonsby
Journal: Gut (1985)

The effect of an intravenous infusion of omeprazole (0.35 mg/kg) and placebo on basal and stimulated (pentagastrin 1.0 microgram/kg/h) secretion of gastric acid, intrinsic factor and pepsin was studied in 10 healthy male subjects. Omeprazole caused a marked inhibition of basal and stimulated acid output. The inhibition of pepsin output was less marked, but also significant. The output of intrinsic factor, however, showed no significant change. The results indicate that acid and intrinsic factor might have different secretory mechanisms within the parietal cell.
For a few dollars more
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We are inclined to suppose that our contemporary problems and discontents are entirely new and unprecedented, but when we look into the records we come to precisely the opposite, and no doubt equally unwarranted, conclusion: that there is nothing new under the sun.

Malpractice suits, for example, are not new. In 1870 the man who was to become the first professor of orthopaedic surgery in the United States, Lewis A Sayre (1820-1900), was sued by the parents of Margaret Walsh, a little girl on whom he operated in 1868. He published at his own expense the proceedings of the trial, which vindicated him, under the title The Alleged Malpractice Suit of Walsh v Sayre .

The little girl aged 6 was …
Occupational Infection with Virus B of Monkeys
Authors: Frances M. Love
Journal: JAMA (1962)

VIRUS B of monkeys, also known as herpes B and as herpesvirus simiae, causes a disease almost invariably fatal in man. This disease occurs as a mild natural infection in wild monkeys and apparently becomes even more prevalent in those under colony conditions. The virus has an affinity for many tissues and thus the disease assumes many forms. A notably consistent feature, however, is a viral type of encephalomyelitis. The disease in man was first described by Sabin and Wright in 1934. To date, 18 cases have been reported, 12 of which have been reviewed by Davidson and Hummeler. Probably several others have occurred but have not been reported. Because of the steadily increasing use of Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) and Macaca philippinensis (cynomolgus monkey), both in research and in production of poliovirus vaccine, and the presence of the virus also in monkey renal tissue culture, the incidence of infection
T(14;18) translocation in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Anna Linda Zignego, Francesca Giannelli, Maria Eugenia Marrocchi, Antonio Mazzocca, Clodoveo Ferri, Carlo Giannini, Monica Monti, Patrizio Caini, Giorgio La Villa, Giacomo Laffi, Paolo Gentilini
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Pathogenic mechanisms of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are unclear. We studied t(14;18) translocation by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 50 patients with HCV-related liver disease (group A), 7 with mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (group B), 55 with HCV-negative liver disease (group C), and 30 with HCV-negative chronic rheumatic disorders or chronic infection by nonhepatotropic agents (group D). T(14;18) was significantly more frequent in group A (13/50 patients = 26 %) and group B (5/7 = 71.4%) patients than in group C (1/55 = 3.6%) and group D (1/30 = 3.3%) ones. Immunoblot analysis showed bcl-2 over-expression in all t(14;18)-positive samples. In group A, 10/13 (77%) patients with t(14;18) and 13/37 (35%) without t(14;18) had serum cryoglobulins in the absence of mixed cryoglobulinemia symptoms ( P &lt; .05). These data indicate that t(14;18) and bcl-2 over-expression in lymphoid cells are frequent in chronic HCV infection and suggest that this event may contribute to the pathogenesis of HCV-related lymphoproliferative disorders.
Washington University and the Creation of the Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kenneth M. Ludmerer
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IT IS common knowledge that during the 20th century the Washington University School of Medicine has exemplified the ideals of the Flexnerian revolution—the marriage of basic science with clinical medicine. 1 Less well known, however, is the fact that in the reorganization of the school in 1910, Washington University left an enduring imprint on the nation's developing system of medical education. The remarkable feature of the reorganization was not that the school acquired a scientifically eminent full-time faculty and built an impressive new physical plant, important as those achievements were. Rather, the singular contribution of the school lay in the success of its leadership in persuading Barnes Hospital, St Louis, Mo, and St Louis (Mo) Children's Hospital to become true teaching hospitals. Before the reorganization, The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Md, was the only large, modern hospital that genuinely encouraged teaching and research within its walls; the lack of
A prospective evaluation of cytology from biliary strictures.
Authors: J C Mansfield, S M Griffin, V Wadehra, K Matthewson
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Bile duct strictures may be benign or malignant. A definite diagnosis is desirable to advise patients of their prognosis and to identify any amenable to curative surgery. AIMS: To compare different methods of cytology sampling from biliary strictures and evaluate the use of cytology in this context. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study 54 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) had cytology samples obtained as follows: (1) biliary stricture brushings, (2) from the screw thread of a "Soehendra stent retriever" inserted through the stricture, (3) from the proximal end of a blocked biliary stent, and (4) cellular material spun down from a 20 ml specimen of bile. Examination of slides and rinsings was performed by an expert cytologist who graded them for the adequacy of the sample and for evidence of malignancy. RESULTS: Prolonged follow up disclosed malignancy in 52 of the 54 cases, the other two being chronic pancreatitis. Bile samples provided adequate cytology samples in 44%, the Soehendra stent retriever in 70%, retrieved stents in 84%, and cytology brush sampling in 96%. Overall, 28 malignancies were detected by cytology, including 14 of 28 pancreatic carcinomas and 12 of 16 cholangiocarcinomas. Twenty two of the malignancies were detected by brush sampling and the other methods added a total of another six cases. CONCLUSIONS: Cytology sampling is best done by brushing the biliary stricture. Cytology sampling can confirm the diagnosis in 75% of cholangiocarcinomas and 50% of pancreatic carcinomas. The techniques involved are simple to perform and should be routine clinical practice whenever potentially malignant biliary strictures are encountered at ERCP.
Imaging of the small bowel by capsule endoscopy in Whipple's disease
Authors: M. Keane, M. Shariff, J. Stocks, P. Trembling, P. Cohen, G. Smith
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 40-year-old male plasterer was assessed in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic to investigate the cause of iron-deficiency anemia and raised inflammatory markers (hemoglobin 7.7 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 67 fl, iron level 2 µmol/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 106 mm/hour, C-reactive protein 91 mg/L). On direct questioning he reported a 2-year history of lethargy, 6-kg weight loss despite a normal appetite, and no bowel symptoms. On examination the patient was visibly cachectic, and had gynecomastia and axillary lymphadenopathy. He was admitted to hospital for further investigations.
Few university students from overseas have been vaccinated against meningococcal infection
Authors: M. R Edmunds
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Resuscitation should not be part of every deathEditor-Pioneers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the 1960s were medical heroes.They would be surprised to find their treatment for hearts that were too young to die becoming an obligatory death rite for all, and themselves anathematised for mentioning the new taboo of age. 1 Feedback that I, as chairman of Tayside cardiopulmonary resuscitation committee, receive from junior hospital staff is that inappropriately initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation is common, emotionally fraught, and demotivating; inappropriate failure to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation is virtually unknown.Seemingly false positive results therefore heavily outnumber false negative results, but parallel audits of deaths and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are now being conducted to relate the two.
Parathyroid cysts. Medical diagnosis and management
Authors: J. Ginsberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Two patients had asymptomatic neck masses that proved to be cystic. In each case, the lesions resolved after needle aspiration of 25 ml of clear, colorless fluid. Serum thyroid indexes and calcium levels were normal. Cyst fluid parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 0.56 and 1.50 ng/ml, respectively. The serum PTH level in case 1, determined at the same time, was less than 0.05 ng/ml (normal, 0 to 0.3 ng/ml). These observations indicate that (1) clear, colorless cyst fluid may indicate a parathyroid cyst, (2) serum and cyst fluid PTH levels can confirm the diagnosis, and (3) needle aspiration may be appropriate therapy for the benign, nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst. (<i>JAMA</i>240:1506-1507, 1978)
Lipid peroxidation contributes to hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity in renal epithelial cells
Authors: Alice M. Sheridan, Sean Fitzpatrick, Candice Wang, David C. Wheeler, Wilfred Lieberthal
Journal: Kidney International (1996)

We have examined the role of lipid peroxidation in the cytotoxicity of H2O2 in OK cells containing markedly differing amounts of cell membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In OK cells grown in a serum free medium, PUFA were undetectable. The membranes of these cells contained predominantly oleic, stearic and palmitic acids. When cultured in medium containing 10% calf serum, OK cells contained measurable amounts of PUFA [linoleic (5 +/- 1%) and arachidonic acids (8 +/- 1%)]. When the serum containing medium was supplemented with 60 mM linoleic acid, the membrane content of both linoleic (21 +/- 1%) as well as arachidonic acid (15 +/- 1%) as substantially increased. The severity of injury induced by H2O2 in OK cells was substantially altered by the PUFA content of the cell membrane. Exposure of OK cells to 1.25 mM H2O2 for one hour resulted in more cell death (determined by a trypan blue assay) in cells grown in serum supplemented with linoleic acid with "normal" PUFA content (90 +/- 2%) than in cells with "reduced" levels of PUFA grown in unsupplemented calf serum (81 +/- 3%). Cells gown in defined, serum free medium with undetectable levels of PUFA suffered the least H2O2-induced lethal cell injury (47 +/- 8%). Comparable differences in the cytotoxicity of H2O2 among cells with differing PUFA content were found using a clonogenic assay of cell viability. Malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation induced by 1.25 mM H2O2 was greater in cells with "normal" PUFA content (702 +/- 103 pM/microgram cell DNA/hr) than in cells with "reduced" PUFA (328 +/- 112 pM/100 microgram DNA/hr) and was undetectable in cells grown in defined, serum free medium. In summary, the content of PUFA of cells in culture is profoundly influenced by culture conditions. Our data provide novel and direct evidence that peroxidation of cell membranes contributes directly to the severity of cell injury and death induced by H2O2.
William Osler: A Life in Medicine
Authors: Harvey Rubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 September 2000William Osler: A Life in MedicineHarvey Rubin, MD, PhDHarvey Rubin, MD, PhDUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Rubin)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-6-200009190-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bliss M. 632 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1999. $35.00. ISBN 0195123468. Order phone 800-451-7556.Field of medicine: History of medicine.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: General readers, health practitioners and academicians, and health care policy analysts and administrators.Purpose: To analyze the life and reputation of Sir William Osler.Content: The book offers a straightforward and closely footnoted chronology of Osler's life, starting with his birth in 1849 in a Canadian frontier town. It progresses through his early general and medical education, his rise to prominence at McGill University, trips to Europe to meet the leading medical scientists and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Rubin) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 September 2000Volume 133, Issue 6Page: 488KeywordsHealth care policyHistory of medicineMalariaMedical educationPlateletsScientistsSoftware toolsSportsTeaTyphoid ePublished: 19 September 2000 Issue Published: 19 September 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
IMPACT OF ACUTE MODERATE RIGHT VENTRICULAR OVERLOAD ON PEAK APICAL LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC ROTATION RATE
Authors: Panupong Jiamsripong, Anna M. Calleja, Eun Joo Cho, Mohsen S. Alharthi, Eileen M. McMahon, Marek Belohlavek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A low-frequency variant at 8q24.21 is strongly associated with risk of oligodendroglial tumors and astrocytomas with IDH1 or IDH2 mutation
Authors: Robert B Jenkins, Yuanyuan Xiao, Hugues Sicotte, Paul A Decker, Thomas M Kollmeyer, Helen M Hansen, Matthew L Kosel, Shichun Zheng, Kyle M Walsh, Terri Rice, Paige Bracci, Lucie S McCoy, Ivan Smirnov, Joseph S Patoka, George Hsuang, Joe L Wiemels, Tarik Tihan, Alexander R Pico, Michael D Prados, Susan M Chang, Mitchel S Berger, Alissa A Caron, Stephanie R Fink, Chandralekha Halder, Amanda L Rynearson, Brooke L Fridley, Jan C Buckner, Brian P O'Neill, Caterina Giannini, Daniel H Lachance, John K Wiencke, Jeanette E Eckel-Passow, Margaret R Wrensch
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
MICROVASCULAR PATTERN AND BLOOD STASIS IN SKIN DISEASE
Authors: T. J. RYAN, P. W. M. COPEMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— Some of the factors contributing to severe intravascular stasis in the blood vessels supplying the epidermis are discussed. Changes in blood viscosity result from a variety of factors which act maximally at the peak and in the venous arm of the papillary vessel. The influence of cold on blood viscosity in the papillary vessel is particularly emphasized. The importance of aggregation of blood cells in the superficial vessels and of factors such as platelet aggregation, which may be irreversible and may influence disaggregation are discussed. The presence of "preferential channels" in the capillary meshwork of the skin is illustrated and their significance as passages permitting redistribution of blood away from the epidermis is emphasized. Studies of platelet stickiness in a group of patients suffering from sensitivity to cold and studies on blood flow in one patient with acrocyanosis are presented.
The health department and the NHS: time to separate?
Authors: N. Crisp
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Many people have argued over the years that the NHS in England would benefit from being separated from the Department of Health and distanced from politics and politicians. The Conservative government acted on just such a belief when it set up the NHS Management Executive and established its headquarters in Leeds after the 1983 Griffiths report. I would put it the other way round: from my experience as the only person to have been both permanent secretary of the department and chief executive of the NHS, I believe that it is the department that has most to gain from such a separation. For the first time it and the politicians would be free to concentrate on the wider issues of health rather than on running the NHS.

These wider issues are essentially political in the sense of being about the sort of society we want. They are about the choices we make on issues such as smoking, fluoridation of water supplies, equality of access to services, the regulation of practitioners and …
Exposure of hepatic sinusoidal mononuclear cells to UW solution in situ but not ex vivo induces apoptosis
Authors: Koichi Kinoshita, Iwao Ikai, Takashi Gomi, Michiyuki Kanai, Sigeru Tsuyuki, Tetsuro Hirose, Yasuhiro Kawai, Akira Yamauchi, Takashi Inamoto, Yukihiro Inomata, Koichi Tanaka, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Adrenal Medullary Stimulation Induced by Angiotensin I, Angiotensin II, and Analogues
Authors: M. J. PEACH
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

A structure-activity relationship study was attempted to determine the structural specificity of the no. 8 amino acid residue of [1-asp,5-ileu]-angiotensin II for adrenal medullary stimulation. Isolated cat adrenal glands were perfused retrograde at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with phosphate-buffered Locke's solution at 23 to 25 C. Continuous catecholamine analysis was performed using an automated trihydroxyindole procedure. All drugs were administered either by single injection (0.05 to 0.1 ml) or by perfusion. Angiotensin analogues studied were: [8-(OMe)tyr]-angiotensin II; [8-tyr]-angiotensin II; [8-ala]-angiotensin II; [5-ileu,8-(3-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid)]-angiotensin II (referred to as [8-APB]-angiotensin II); [5-ileu,8-(DL-3-amino-3'-phenylisobutyric acid)]-angiotensin II (referred to as [8-APIB]-angiotensin II); [1-asp(NH2),5-val]-angiotensin II; [1-asp,5-ileu]-angiotensin I; tetradecapeptide.

Three peptides (angiotensin II, [8-tyr]-angiotensin II, and [8-ala]-angiotensin II) were studied in vivo for stimulation of adrenal catecholamine secretion. For maximum pressor activity, angiotensin must be an octapeptide with an aromatic amino acid and free COOH group in the no. 8 position. None of these three are structural requirements in adrenal chromaffin tissue. There was cross-tachyphylaxis between angiotensin II and all the analogues studied except two ([8-APB]- and [8-APIB]-angiotensin II).

In vitro studies with 10-leu-C14-angiotensin I and angiotensin II antibody indicated that angiotensin I has a marked, direct stimulatory effect on the adrenal medulla. Adrenal medullary catecholamine secretion induced by angiotensin I and II was greatly potentiated by DMAE perfusions. Responses to nicotine were blocked by DMAE and bradykinin-induced catecholamine release was unchanged. The cross-tachyphylaxis and DMAE studies suggest that several of the analogues and angiotensin II are interacting with a common adrenal medullary receptor.
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Results from the SALIA Cohort Study
Authors: Ursula Krämer, Christian Herder, Dorothea Sugiri, Klaus Strassburger, Tamara Schikowski, Ulrich Ranft, Wolfgang Rathmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundCross-sectional and ecological studies indicate that air pollution may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, but prospective data are lacking.ObjectiveWe examined the association between traffic-related air pollution and incident type 2 diabetes.DesignBetween 1985 and 1994, cross-sectional surveys were performed in the highly industrialized Ruhr district (West Germany); a follow-up investigation was conducted in 2006 using data from the Study on the Influence of Air Pollution on Lung, Inflammation and Aging (SALIA) cohort.Participants1,775 nondiabetic women who were 54–55 years old at baseline participated in both baseline and follow-up investigations and had complete information available.Materials and MethodsUsing questionnaires, we assessed 16-year incidence (1990–2006) of type 2 diabetes and information about covariates. Complement factor C3c as marker for subclinical inflammation was measured at baseline. Individual exposure to traffic-related particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide was determined at different spatial scales.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2006, 87 (10.5%) new cases of diabetes were reported among the SALIA cohort members. The hazards for diabetes were increased by 15–42% per interquartile range of PM or traffic-related exposure. The associations persisted when different spatial scales were used to assess exposure and remained robust after adjusting for age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and exposure to several non–traffic-related sources of air pollution. C3c was associated with PM pollution at baseline and was a strong independent predictor of incident diabetes. Exploratory analyses indicated that women with high C3c blood levels were more susceptible for PM-related excess risk of diabetes than were women with low C3c levels.ConclusionsTraffic-related air pollution is associated with incident type 2 diabetes among elderly women. Subclinical inflammation may be a mechanism linking air pollution with type 2 diabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study identifies traffic-related air pollution as a novel and potentially modifiable risk factor of type 2 diabetes.