tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving uptake of breast screening in multiethnic populations: a randomised controlled trial using practice reception staff to contact non-attenders
Authors: J Atri, M Falshaw, R Gregg, J Robson, R Z Omar, S Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether a two hour training programme for general practice reception staff could improve uptake in patients who had failed to attend for breast screening, and whether women from different ethnic groups benefited equally. <b>Design:</b> Controlled trial, randomised by general practice. <b>Setting:</b> Inner London borough of Newham. <b>Subjects:</b> 2064 women aged 50–64 years who had failed to attend for breast screening. Women came from 26 of 37 eligible practices. 31% were white, 17% were Indian, 10% Pakistani, 14% black, 6% Bangladeshi, 1% Chinese, 4% were from other ethnic groups, and in 16% the ethnic group was not reported. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Attendance for breast screening in relation to ethnic group in women who had not taken up their original invitation. <b>Results:</b> Attendance in the intervention group was significantly better than in the control group (9% <i>v</i> 4%). The response was best in Indian women—it was 19% in the intervention group and 5% in the control group. <b>Conclusions:</b> This simple, low cost intervention improved breast screening rates modestly. Improvement was greatest in Indian women—probably because many practice staff shared their cultural and linguistic background. This intervention could be effective as part of a multifaceted strategy to improve uptake in areas with low rates. <h3>Key messages</h3> The uptake of breast screening is inadequate and inequitable in some deprived areas—often those with large minority ethnic populations Training general practice receptionists to contact women who had not responded to an initial invitation for breast screening made a small but important improvement in attendance Improvement was most pronounced among Indian women—perhaps because most practices employed staff who spoke an Indian language Resources of local general practices could be used as part of multifaceted programmes to increase screening rates in areas of low uptake.
TCT-675 Comparison of Novel Centerline Versus Traditional Line of Perpendicularity Approaches for Determination of Optimal C-Arm Projection in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Sean Wilson, Chad Kliger, Martijn van der Bom, Dillon Weiss, Sonnit Sharma, Vladimir Jelnin, Carlos E. Ruiz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Ultrasonic Imaging of Pericholecystic Inflammation
Authors: Michael Crade
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ALTHOUGH the oral cholecystogram has been found to be an extremely reliable method of diagnosing cholecystitis,<sup>1,2</sup>it is unable to document the presence or extent of pericholecystic inflammation. Similar in accuracy for diagnosing gallstones,<sup>3,4</sup>ultrasound in addition can document the degree of inflammatory spread prior to surgery.<sup>5</sup>The following cases illustrate this application. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> An 85-year-old man had a four-day history of abdominal pain, temperature elevation to 38.8 °C, and a WBC count of 19,500/cu mm. Ultrasound examination showed a stone within the gallbladder adjacent to a debris-filled abscess cavity (Fig 1). At surgery, 150 mL of pus was drained and the perforated gallbladder removed. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> Presenting with fever, a three-week history of jaundice, and a WBC count of 21,000/cu mm, a 50-year-old woman underwent an ultrasound examination for a palpated right upper abdominal mass. Findings were consistent with an empyema of the
Conservative treatment of fractured femur
Authors: D. S. Colbert
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Correspondenc'method described in my first paper (8 May, 1965(8 May, , p. 1209)).The first tube contained urine alone, the second had 10 mg./100 ml.glucose added.The difference in the extinc- tiot.rfdings represented 10 mg./100 ml.-glucose, whatever the glucose loss, which in any case rarely exceeds 20%.This loss, incidentally, is partly due to charcoal .adsocptionand partly to residual antienzyme
A Perspective on Type A Behavior and Coronary Disease
Authors: Joel E. Dimsdale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Observations linking Type A behavior to coronary artery disease have never been accepted without controversy; indeed, some may wonder whether the "A" in Type A stands for "acrimony." The article by Ragland and Brand1 in this issue of the Journal presents such a startling conclusion that it is appropriate to reassess the legacy of studies on Type A behavior.Beginning in the 1950s, Friedman and Rosenman2 and their followers have argued energetically that persons with the Type A personality (hard-driving, competitive, aggressive people who find it difficult to relax) are at higher risk for the development of coronary disease. Numerous . . .
Short-term prednisolone followed by recombinant human alpha-interferon alone or combined with adenine-arabinoside: A prospective and randomized trial. Preliminary results
Authors: P Brissot, C Jacquelinet, V David, D Guyader, H Jouanolle, M Gueguen, M Blayau, G Lescoat, M Messner, Y Deugnier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Hourly Changes in Serum Cholesterol Concentration
Authors: JOHN E. PETERSON, ROBERT A. KEITH, ALAN A. WILCOX
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Further evidence has been obtained to indicate that the concentration of serum cholesterol can vary widely during the course of a few hours in certain individuals. The data are consistent with a hypothesis that changes in the concentration of serum cholesterol may relate to the anticipation of an event as well as to the event itself. Similarity in the hourly variation in serum cholesterol concentration occurring among eight carefully selected subjects, during control as well as during test periods, is note-worthy.
STUDIES OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION. II. THE CIRCULATION TIME FROM THE PULMONARY ARTERY TO THE FEMORAL ARTERY AND THE QUANTITY OF BLOOD IN THE LUNGS IN PATIENTS WITH MITRAL STENOSIS AND IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE 12
Authors: Craig W. Borden, Richard V. Ebert, Russell H. Wilson, Herbert S. Wells
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)
Bihemispheric representation, foveal splitting, and visual word recognition
Authors: Richard Shillcock, Padraic Monaghan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Pulverm&amp;uuml;ller's account of lexical representation has implications for visual word recognition, given the claim we make that a foveally presented word is precisely split and contralaterally projected to the two hemispheres, and that this splitting conditions the whole process of visual word recognition. This elaboration of Pulverm&amp;uuml;ller's account raises issues of hemispheric differences and collaboration.
Abstract LB-44: A novel PUMA inhibitor protects against chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury without compromising tumor response.
Authors: Brian J. Leibowitz, Mei Li, Liang Wei, Lin Zhang, Jian Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract PUMA is a BH3-only member of the Bcl2 family that is a critical mediator of apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli, and plays a particularly strong role in gastrointestinal and hematopoietic stem cell apoptosis following radiation. In this study we found that PUMA-dependent apoptosis mediates gastrointestinal injury induced by chemotherapeutic agents, indicating its critical role in DNA damage induced intestinal injury. PUMA neutralizes all known anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members through high-affinity interactions with its BH3 domain, thus facilitating activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Based on these interactions, we devised a pharmacophore model to mimic them, with the goal being a small molecule that prevents PUMA interaction with Bcl-2 family proteins. In silico screening of the ZINC 8.0 database yielded 142 potential compounds, 13 of which had favorable toxicity profiles. Extensive in vitro testing further narrowed the list to two lead compounds, one of which demonstrated significant in vivo activities. This lead compound significantly protected the intestinal stem cells from apoptosis induced by Irinotecan (CPT-11) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Utilizing a Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) syngeneic tumor model, we found that treatment of C57/B6 mice with the experimental PUMA inhibitor (I.P.) significantly decreased CPT-11-induced apoptosis in the intestinal crypt base, similarly to that observed in PUMA KO animals. This treatment significantly preserved intestinal morphology and decreased weight loss in tumor bearing mice. Further, we found that administration of the PUMA inhibitor did not alter the tumor response to CPT-11. These findings suggest the feasibility of retaining the efficacy of chemotherapy while mitigating GI adverse effects with a small molecule. Further experiments will determine the inhibitor's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as its mechanisms of action in vivo. Citation Format: Brian J. Leibowitz, Mei Li, Liang Wei, Lin Zhang, Jian Yu. A novel PUMA inhibitor protects against chemotherapy-induced intestinal injury without compromising tumor response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-44. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-44
Glomerular function in Pima Indians with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of recent onset.
Authors: B D Myers, R G Nelson, G W Williams, P H Bennett, S A Hardy, R L Berg, N Loon, W C Knowler, W E Mitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Differential solute clearances were used to characterize glomerular function in 20 Pima Indians with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of less than 3 yr duration. 28 Pima Indians with normal glucose tolerance served as controls. In the diabetic group, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR, iothalamate clearance) exceeded the control value by 15% (140 +/- 6 vs. 122 +/- 5 ml/min, P less than 0.01). A corresponding 12% increase in renal plasma flow (RPF) was not statistically significant and did not account fully for the observed hyperfiltration, suggesting a concomitant elevation of the ultrafiltration pressure or coefficient. The median albumin excretion ratio in NIDDM exceeded control by almost twofold (10.1 vs. 5.8 mg/g creatinine), a trend which just failed to achieve statistical significance (P = 0.06). Fractional clearances of dextrans of broad size distribution were also elevated in diabetic subjects, significantly so for larger dextrans of between 48 and 60 A radius. A theoretical analysis of dextran transport through a heteroporous membrane revealed glomerular pores in NIDDM to be uniformly shifted towards pores of larger size than in controls. We conclude that an impairment of barrier size selectivity combined with high GFR elevates the filtered protein load in NIDDM of recent onset. We propose that enhanced transglomerular trafficking of protein may predispose to sclerosis of glomeruli in those Pima Indians with NIDDM who ultimately develop diabetic nephropathy.
FURTHER REMARKS ON FINSEN'S LIGHT AND X-RAY TREATMENT IN LUPUS AND RODENT ULCER
Authors: M. Morris, S. E. Dore
Journal: BMJ (1902)

three other cases in being greatest in the upward movement.Of especial importance is the absence of the ability to con- verge the eyes in spite of the fair action of the internal recti on lateral movements.It is difficult to understand this sym- ptom except on the assumption of a central affection.It may be compared with the fact that in Case i the left eye at one time only moved outwards when tested separately, not with the right eye, and also with the fact that in Case ii the eye- lids, which could not be raised voluntarily, were sometimes over elevated under the influence of interested attention.Lastly, the development of epilepsy in a subject of mya- sthenia is very unusual.I have not met with any recorded instance.It is the more remarkable on account of the absence of any inherited tendency.Its rarity deprives it of much significance, since such cases of epilepsy developing de novo at this time of life are not unusual.Few diseases are mutu- ally exclusive and the attacks in this case may perhaps be associated with the extreme nervous sensitiveness rather than with the condition of myasthenia.It is customary to include among collected cases of myasthenia a case described by Wilks in the Guy's Hospital Reports for I877 (vol.xxii, third series, p. 54).there seems to me no justification for its inclusion.The patient died from bulbar symptoms, and apparently paralysis of the respiratory muscles or larjtnx-" quite unable to cough "-of three days' duration, after slight symptoms of general and bulbar character lasting a month.Their feature was slow- ness, as if due to " lethargy from want of will."There was slight strabismus, but no mention is made of ptosis.No morbid change was found.The case seems to resemble diphtherial paralysis more than myasthenia.There is no evidence that preceding sore throat was inquired for.
Brachioradial photopruritus-a rare chronic photodermatosis in Europe
Authors: D.I. ORTON, S.H. WAKELIN, S.A. GEORGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Brachioradial pruritus (BRP) is an uncommon localized pruritic dermatosis only previously described from the tropics and subtropics. We report two cases in British residents who had a history of prolonged ultraviolet radiation exposure, and who responded to strict photoprotection of the affected sites.
Hydrophobic interaction mediating self-assembled nanoparticles of succinobucol suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer by inhibition of VCAM-1 expression
Authors: Haiqiang Cao, Zhiwen Zhang, Shuang Zhao, Xinyu He, Haijun Yu, Qi Yin, Zhiping Zhang, Wangwen Gu, Lingli Chen, Yaping Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
COMPARATIVE BIOLOGIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF LYMPH GLANDS FROM SYPHILITIC PATIENTS
Authors: ELI SALEEBY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Several investigators have studied the inguinal lymph glands removed from patients with syphilis. In each case the phase studied was somewhat different from the other. Our object in the present study has been to correlate the finding of<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>in inguinal lymph node sections by the silver impregnation staining method and, with the biologic method, by injecting an emulsion from the same lymph node into rabbit testes. By this correlation we hoped to throw some additional light on the morphology, the efficiency of our staining methods, the importance of the biologic method for diagnosis and, in an indirect way, something about the transmissibility of<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>. <h3>MATERIAL AND METHOD OF STUDY</h3> Inguinal lymph glands were removed from twenty-one patients with untreated syphilis. In all the patients the Kolmer-Wassermann and Kahn reactions were strongly positive, and, in addition, most of them had some clinical manifestation of syphilis. The excised lymph
David Leslie Palmer
Authors: Roger Hart
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Maidstone, Kent (b Sussex 1924; q St Thomas's Hospital, London, 1947), died from ischaemic heart disease on 15 December 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




David did his house jobs in Bournemouth and Dorchester. In 1950, after doing general practice locums in Dorset, he joined a long established practice in Maidstone, retiring in 1984. He was a keen gardener and developed an interest in archaeology and history. He leaves a wife, Paddy; two children; and five grandchildren.
Cardiac Endothelin-1 Plays a Critical Role in the Functional Deterioration of Left Ventricles During the Transition From Compensatory Hypertrophy to Congestive Heart Failure in Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Yoshitaka Iwanaga, Yasuki Kihara, Koji Hasegawa, Koichi Inagaki, Takeshi Yoneda, Satoshi Kaburagi, Makoto Araki, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —To investigate whether endogenous ET-1 participates in an adaptive process of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or a maladaptive process from LVH to congestive heart failure (CHF), we used a Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rat model, in which systemic hypertension caused compensated concentric LVH at the age of 11 weeks followed by marked LV dilatation and global hypokinesis at the age of 17 weeks. Methods and Results —By specific sandwich enzyme immunoassay, serum and myocardial ET-1 levels at the LVH stage were not elevated compared with age-matched Dahl salt-resistant (DR) rats, despite the marked increase of LV/body weight ratio (LV/BW). However, at the CHF stage, serum and LV ET-1 levels increased by 3.8-fold and 5.4-fold, respectively. LV ET-1 contents had close relationships with the fractional shortening ( r =0.763) and the systolic wall stress ( r =0.858) measured by in vivo transthoracic echocardiography. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the remarkably increased ET-1 in LV is located mainly in cardiomyocytes. By competitive reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, LV prepro-ET-1 mRNA levels increased by 4.1-fold in CHF rats. We randomized 11-week-old LVH rats to chronic treatment with the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan (Bos, 100 mg · kg −1 · d −1 , n=14), the α 1 -receptor antagonist doxazosin (Dox, 1 mg · kg −1 · d −1 , n=12), or vehicle (Cont, n=14). Bos treatment did not alter the LV geometry and function at 15 weeks; however, it attenuated the decrease of LV fractional shortening by 51% ( P &lt;0.01) without reducing the LV/BW at 17 weeks. Conversely, Dox, which decreased the blood pressure to the same extent as Bos, did not affect the progression of LV dysfunction. Bos (93%; P &lt;0.0001 versus Cont) but not Dox (42%; P =0.8465 versus Cont) ameliorated the survival rate at 17 weeks (Cont; 36%). Conclusions —The accelerated myocardial synthesis of ET-1 contributes directly to LV contractile dysfunction during the transition from LVH to CHF. Unelevated levels of LV ET-1 at the established LVH stage and lack of effects on LV mass by chronic bosentan treatment suggest that myocardial growth is mediated through alternative pathways. These studies indicate that chronic ET antagonism may provide an additional strategy for heart failure therapy in humans.
Relationship of Heart Rate to Ventricular Automaticity in Dogs During Ouabain Administration
Authors: STEPHEN M. WITTENBERG, PAUL GANDEL, PERRY M. HOGAN, WILLIAM KREUZER, FRANCIS J. KLOCKE
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Spontaneous changes in ventricular automaticity were determined from changes in idioventricular rate in eight dogs with heart block. The mediating effects of imposed rate were assessed in terms of (1) changes in post-pacing depression after ventricular pacing in 14 dogs and (2) changes in vagally induced ventricular escape time after atrial pacing in five dogs with intact AV conduction. Spontaneous ventricular automaticity decreased throughout the major portion of digitalization. The transition to a ventricular tachycardia was late and abrupt. Transient increases in rate transiently enhanced ventricular automaticity throughout digitalization. In animals with heart block, this was recognized at 38 ± 3% (SE) of the toxic dose of ouabain as blunting of postpacing depression, i.e., a significant decrease in the depression of the first post-pacing beat. Blunting was progressive and was replaced at 72 ± 3% of the toxic dose by post-pacing acceleration, i.e., the cycle length of the first post-pacing beat became shorter than the average pre-pacing cycle length. In vagal stimulation experiments ventricular escape time decreased earlier during atrial pacing at 180-190 beats/min (74 ± 3% of the toxic dose) than during atrial pacing at 140-150 beats/min (92 ± 3%). Early ventricular escape was not seen after pacing at 100 beats/min. These findings indicate that heart rate is a critical determinant of early increases in ventricular automaticity during digitalization.
Gilding the Lily
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Has Dr. Trimble been caught napping or has he followed the Chinese custom of purposely making an error, so the reader on finding it may feel superior? He perpetuated a common misquote: To the clamoring chorus of lowcholeric complaints about the nonlacquered lily must be added the gentle voice of Dr. Edward Shapiro of Beverly Hills, Calif, who advised me of my miscreancy thusly: "... his lips like lilies, dropping sweet smelling myrrh." It is appropriate to reiterate my reply to Dr. Shapiro: "Your comments concerning my use of the phrase, 'gild the lily,' are greatly appreciated. I was unaware of the original quotations you cited, a deficiency which, thanks to you, now stands corrected. Nevertheless, I am told on good authority (a local florist) that some artificial floral arrangements do include gilded lilies. I presume that facts such as this may explain why the term 'gild the
CLASSIFICATION OF CHRONIC NEPHRITIS
Authors: HENRY A. CHRISTIAN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Classifications of nephritis, whether suggested by clinicians or by pathologists, usually are very complex. It has seemed to me that these classifications, by reason of their complexity, are of less service in the clinic, because it is so difficult to fit the patients into them, and because so often there is a failure of agreement between the predicted and the actual anatomic changes in the kidney. My own experience has been that, even with the application of both the old and the new methods available for diagnosis, it is not possible to diagnose accurately, during life, the anatomic changes that will be found in the kidneys after death. This is not to say that, from certain groupings of symptoms and clinical findings, one may never prophesy correctly what the pathologist will find at necropsy; but the errors are sufficiently frequent to justify much skepticism of one's ability to correlate clinical
Relation between infants' birth weight and mothers' mortality: prospective observational study
Authors: G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The underlying causes of the variation in waiting times observed here are not explained by the audit data, and we do not suggest that there are "across the board" implications for clinical outcome in the waiting times reported.Clearly, these are clinical issues and would vary with specific types of cancer.However, the focus on reducing unnecessary delays in cancer treatment stems from the belief that the earlier disease is detected, the more quickly multidisciplinary care can be instigated and the better the outcome.Irrespective of the specific waiting times reported here, the key contribution of this study is in establishing baseline data which can be used to set targets for improvement and, crucially, to monitor such attempts.We thank Dr Stephen Green for his advice on the development
The BMJ's cover line on calcaneal fractures is misleading
Authors: G. C. Cheung, G. Kumar
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Despite increasing numbers of effective anti-cancer therapies, successful treatment is limited by the development of drug resistance. While the contribution of genetic factors to drug resistance is undeniable, little is known about how drug-sensitive cells first evade drug action to proliferate in drug. Here we track the response of thousands of single melanoma cells to BRAF inhibitors and show that a subset escapes drug within the first 3 days of treatment. Cell-cycle re-entry occurs via a non-genetic mechanism involving activation of mTORC1 and ATF4, validated in cultures of patient biopsies. These escapees cycle periodically in drug, incur significant DNA damage, and out-proliferate non-escapees over extended treatment. Our work reveals a mutagenesis-prone, expanding subpopulation of early drug escapees that may seed development of permanent drug resistance.