tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug treatments for asthma may cause erosive tooth damage
Authors: E. A O'Sullivan, M. E J Curzon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The prevalence of asthma in children is high, and prophylactic and symptomatic drug treatments for asthma are widely advertised in medical journals. We would like to draw attention to a potential problem that may arise with the dentition when some of these drugs are taken. A large study on the various risk factors associated with acid erosion of teeth in children found that, compared with a control group, the affected children …
Suprapubic pain, frequency, and haematuria--with a twist
Authors: A. Sud, J. Bhatt, A. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 74 year old woman presented to the emergency department with a two day history of right flank pain, urinary frequency, haematuria, and vomiting. Her medical history included diabetes (treated with gliclazide), myocardial infarction, hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and autoimmune hepatitis. She had no urological history. 

On examination her temperature was 36.4oC, heart rate 110 beats/min, and blood pressure 95/62 mm Hg, and she was tender in the suprapubic region and right flank. The rest of the physical examination was normal.

Laboratory results showed a white cell count of 12×109/l (normal range 4×109/l to 11×109/l), C reactive protein concentration of 40 mg/l (<8 mg/l), glucose concentration of 28 mmol/l (3.0-6.0 mmol/l), urea level of 12 mmol/l (2.5-6.7 mmol/l), and creatinine concentration of 121μmol/l (60-120 μmol/l). Urinalysis was positive for leucocytes, nitrites, protein, and frank blood.

The patient was started on intravenous aztreonam and gentamicin for urosepsis because she was allergic to penicillin. A plain abdominal radiograph was performed,⇓ and subsequently a computed tomography scan of the kidney, ureters, and bladder was undertaken to look for renal calculi.⇓



Fig 1 Plain abdominal radiograph





Fig 2 Coronal computed tomography scan of the kidney, ureters, and bladder 





### 1 What radiological abnormality is present on the scans and what is the differential diagnosis of this abnormality?

#### Short answer

The abdominal radiograph⇓ and computed tomography scan of the kidney, ureters, and bladder⇓ show …
CARDIOVASCULAR RISK STRATIFICATION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS FOLLOWING SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING: DOES EXERCISE LEVEL MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
Authors: Santosh Padala, Abhijit Ghatak, Vivian Teixeira, Mahajabeen Rashid, Deborah Katten, Alan Ahlberg, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cefazolin vs Penicillin
Authors: Gary R. Plotkin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The data presented in the article "Cefazolin vs Penicillin: Treatment of Uncomplicated Pneumococcal Pneumonia" (241:2815, 1979) only support the conclusion that cefazolin sodium is as effective but not superior to penicillin G procaine for uncomplicated pneumonia from<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>in a patient population not severely ill. Contrary to the authors' implications, cefazolin alone is completely inappropriate for the initial treatment of pneumonias due to Gram-negative bacillary organisms, since many of the Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonads are insensitive.<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, which remains a more important pulmonary pathogen than Gram-negative rods in nonhospitalized patients, also is resistant to cefazolin. Additionally, cefazolin has been associated with elevations in BUN<sup>1</sup>and is contraindicated in patients with immediate type of penicillin hypersensitivity. Consequently, it becomes difficult to assign a niche for cefazolin in the initial treatment of pneumonias in either hospitalized or clinic patients.
Medical bills account for 40% of bankruptcies
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Exorbitant medical bills in the United States play a huge part in personal bankruptcies, accounting for about 40% of the filings last year, according to a new study.

About 500000 Americans filed for bankruptcy protection in 1999 largely because of heavy medical expenses, according to the study, which is to be published next month in a finance journal, Norton's Bankruptcy Adviser.

“Very little attention has been paid to the number of people who are in bankruptcy because of serious medical problems,” said the study's lead author, Harvard law professor Elizabeth Warren. “It's a reminder that many of the …
GW25-e3234 Discrepancy in Measuring On-Clopidogrel Platelet Responsiveness by Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Phosphorylation and Platelet Aggregation Is Associated with Smoking Status Following ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Zhou Xin, Jing Sun, Guo-Hong Yang, Wen-Jie Ji, Rui-Yi Lu, Xin-Lin Liu, Zhao-Zeng Guo, Ji-Hong Zhao, Tie-Min Jiang, Yu-Ming Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Comparison of the Educational Costs and Incomes of Physicians and Other Professionals
Authors: William B. Weeks, Amy E. Wallace, Myron M. Wallace, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Efforts at physician-payment reform in the United States have focused largely on the relative incomes of primary care physicians and specialists, who more often have procedure-based practices. Comparisons of the incomes of physicians and other professional groups have received less attention.
Thinking One Step Ahead: Strategies to Strengthen Epidemiological Data for Use in Risk Assessment
Authors: Carrie Arnold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Risk assessment is a cornerstone of environmental health research and policy making. 1 A commentary in this issue of EHP presents a set of recommendations and guidelines to help researchers more effectively characterize uncertainty in epidemiological findings. 2Not only will this provide more transparency for the science itself, says coauthor Jennifer Pierson, a scientific program manager at the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, it should also lead to more sound policies when those findings are integrated into risk assessments."Risk assessment is nothing magical; it's a process to guide decision making.As with any kind of scientific question, it's important to know how certain we are of our data," says Thomas Burke, director of the Johns Hopkins Risk Science and Public Policy Institute, who was not involved with the commentary."We can't ever fully eliminate uncertainty, but we can describe it and put bounds around it with statistics."Experimental data have traditionally formed the basis for most human health risk assessments, but increasingly regulators are recognizing the value of epidemiological data for this purpose."Different types of studies, like toxicology studies in animals and epidemiological studies in humans, can help compensate for each other's inherent weaknesses," says Michael Dourson, director of Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, a public health organization located in Cincinnati, Ohio.Dourson was not involved with the commentary.In October 2012 Pierson and colleagues convened a workshop with more than 30 environmental health researchers to develop recommendations for characterizing uncertainty in epidemiological studies.Their recommendations and guidelines form the basis of the new commentary.To Pierson, one of the most important first steps is to get study authors out of their respective silos."Oftentimes, the epidemiologists don't work with the toxicologists, who don't work with the risk assessors," she says.By working together from the earliest planning stages of a study, researchers can pool their knowledge to limit uncertainty through study design, rather than scrambling to fix problems at the end.Addressing uncertainty is critical when writing up results so that policy makers can factor it into their appraisal of the literature.Pierson and colleagues recommend that investigators assess and comment on the uncertainty in their findings using a tiered system developed by the National Research Council.
P1205 ELIGIBILITY 2: A PROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL, MULTICENTRE STUDY EVALUATING THE MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF PEG-INTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN (PEG-IFN/RBV) TREATMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C (CHC)
Authors: R. Vukotic, N. Gamal, P. Andreone
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A Whale Tale: Using Blubber Biopsies to Characterize Pacific Ocean Pollutant Trends
Authors: Angela Spivey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The Role of Diesel Particulate Matter in Lung InflammationDiesel particulate matter (DPM) is a nearly ubiquitous environmental pollutant.It is known to be inflammatory and is linked to a plethora of health effects including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.New research sheds light on which components of DPM are harmful to the lung and what mechanisms they trigger [EHP 119(3):332-336; Reynolds et al.].The authors focused on receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), cell-surface proteins expressed in many cell types.Previous research performed in the same laboratory documented that RAGE can be activated in response to cellular stress resulting from exposure to particles in cigarette smoke.The authors hypothesized that exposure to DPM generated by fuel combustion could induce RAGE in the epithelial cells lining the lungs.The team studied effects of DPM exposure in human primary pulmonary epithelial cells and R3/1 cells, an immortalized aveolar type 1 cell line derived from rats.They found that the quantities of RAGE messenger RNA and protein increased by approximately 100% in both cell types after exposure to DPM for 2 hours, compared with controls.By demonstrating that RAGE is indeed upregulated following exposure to DPM, the authors identified a surface signaling mechanism involved in inflammatory responses triggered by DPM exposure.From there, the scientists identified some of the downstream signaling effects associated with RAGE upregulation.Their gene reporter experiments showed DPM exposure caused significant translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a potent proinflammatory mediator, into the nucleus of R3/1 cells, where it can promote the expression of more than 200 genes.Through experiments involving the inhibition of RAGE with small interfering RNA (siRNA), the team confirmed that DPM-induced NF-κB activation is mediated in part by RAGE expression.The scientists also documented that exposure to DPM increased the synthesis and secretion of two NF-κB targets (IL-8, a chemokine, and MCP-1, a cytokine) by the R/31 cells.These molecules were secreted to a lesser extent, but were not completely inhibited, in cells transfected with siRNA for RAGE prior to DPM exposure, which suggests other factors and pathways also are involved in inflammatory responses to DPM.The new research is also significant for contradicting conventional wisdom that only "fresh" DPM is biologically active.The work suggests that even "aged" DPM that has been suspended in the atmosphere for more than a decade is capable of biological activity, which has important public health implications given the abundance of this pollutant in the atmosphere.Kellyn S. Betts has written about environmental contaminants, hazards, and technology for solving environmental problems for publications including EHP and Environmental Science & Technology for more than a dozen years.
Psychiatric Malpractice: Stories of Patients, Psychiatrists, and the Law
Authors: Bruce L. Danto
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Psychiatric Malpractice <i>Psychiatric Malpractice</i>is written by an attorney who has a history of bipolar disease. It is particularly suited to the novitiate psychiatrist and the general psychiatrist who wants to know about the liability aspect of psychiatric practice. James Kelley presents classic malpractice cases with good and bad outcomes for the patient: prescription for the wrong medication, release of patients who were still acutely ill, violence by a patient against another person, and unusual disputes about the standard of psychiatric care. Of particular interest are cases of sexual misconduct by psychiatrists. In California Medical Board punishments, sexual misconduct with a patient is near the top of the list along with drugs. Kelley chose the cases not only for their intrinsic interest, but also because of the legal issues involved and the public attention evoked. One of Kelley's claims is that it is not necessary for psychotherapists to keep notes
Fractional laser as a tool to enhance the skin permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid with minimal skin disruption: A comparison with conventional erbium:YAG laser
Authors: Woan-Ruoh Lee, Shing-Chuan Shen, Man-Hui Pai, Hung-Hsu Yang, Cheng-Yin Yuan, Jia-You Fang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Head of private firm who brokered first deal to run NHS hospital steps down
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The founder of Circle Holdings, Ali Parsa, has stepped down from his role as chief executive without a permanent successor in place.

The move came as a surprise, because as recently as last weekend Parsa had been bullish about prospects. In a feature by Dominic Lawson in the Sunday Times strongly supportive of the changes that Circle has made at Hinchingbrooke Hospital, Parsa was quoted as saying, “I honestly cannot see why we should not be running many, many NHS hospitals.”1 In his resignation statement, however, he said that he needed more time for other projects.

The company itself has in the past made it clear that it regarded Parsa as vital to its future. When it …
Industry Support and Professional Medical Associations
Authors: Walker L. Ray
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proposal for Medical Liability Reform
Authors: Paul C. Weiler
Journal: JAMA (1992)

MEDICAL malpractice has often been front page news during the last two decades, especially when liability premiums soared in both the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s. While a sense of uneasy calm has recently settled over the system, this has occurred at levels of litigation and premiums that would have been unimaginable 20 years ago. And past experience offers no assurance that even the present equilibrium will last. Physicians' concerns about the problem extend beyond the burden of rising insurance premiums in a period of health care cost containment. Just as important, if not more so, are the emotional stress of public suit and trial and the erosion of trusting relationships with patients. Such sentiments have sent physicians to the statehouses for legislation that has made malpractice law the cutting edge of tort reform generally. Although a variety of new statutory rules have reduced the formal legal rights of patient-victims, the
TCT-221 Prognostic Impact of Concurrence of Diabetes and Renal Insufficiency for Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Yun-Kyeong Cho, In-Sung Chung, In-Cheol Kim, Hyoung-Seob Park, Hyuck-Jun Yoon, Hyungseop Kim, Chang-Wook Nam, Seung-Ho Hur, Yoon-Nyun Kim, Kwon-Bae Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The effect of immobilization of heparin and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) to titanium surfaces on inflammation and osteoblast function
Authors: Sung Eun Kim, Sang-Hun Song, Young Pil Yun, Byung-Joon Choi, Il Keun Kwon, Min Soo Bae, Ho-Jin Moon, Yong-Dae Kwon
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
The ACIN1 Gene is Hypermethylated in Early Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yujian Shu, Tatsuo Iijima, Weihong Sun, Junko Kano, Tadashi Ishiyama, Chigusa Okubo, Yoichi Anami, Ryota Tanaka, Shimao Fukai, Masayuki Noguchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Pressor Polypeptides Formed in Vivo and in Vitro as Mediators of Renal Hypertension
Authors: E. BRAUN-MENÉNDEZ, A. C. PALADINI
Journal: Circulation (1958)

During the purification of hypertensin formed in vitro, evidence of heterogeneity of the pressor activity was obtained by counter current distribution. Pepsitensin shows a similar heterogeneity. These facts lead to the hypothesis that other proteolytic enzymes may also be present in the tissues and may hydrolyze hypertensinogen with the formation of pressor polypeptides of the hypertensin or pepsitensin type. Thus, substances similar to hypertensin may be formed in the organism by the action of proteolytic enzymes other than renin and may, if produced locally, exert a vasoconstrictor action or, if they enter the circulation, cause an increase in blood pressure.
Single-Dose Tetracycline Therapy for Shigellosis in Adults
Authors: Larry K. Pickering, Herbert L. DuPont, Jorge Olarte
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Forty-two adults who had<i>Shigella</i>isolated from stool (26 symptomatic, 16 asymptomatic) received a single oral dose of tetracycline hydrochloride (2.5 g). Minimal inhibitory concentrations of the 42 isolates demonstrated that 41% were sensitive to tetracycline. Sixteen of 18 patients with diarrhea who had tetracycline-resistant<i>Shigella</i>and all eight patients with diarrhea who had tetracycline-sensitive<i>Shigella</i>were clinically well and had<i>Shigella</i>-negative stools 48 hours after therapy. Fifteen of 16 asymptomatic patients demonstrated clearing of<i>Shigella</i>from stool within 48 hours of therapy. Single-dose tetracycline therapy is effective in the treatment of<i>Shigella</i>regardless of clinical expression of illness or in vitro sensitive of the organism. (<i>JAMA</i>239:853-854, 1978)
John Dermot Ainslie Common
Authors: J T Gillow
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rheumatologist who bridged the gaps between cardiology, rheumatology, and herbal medicine John Cosh had many interests in clinical medicine but his main contributions were his long term studies of the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, co-discovery of the genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and his work on the benefits of herbal medicines.In 1973, with R K Jacoby and M I Jayson, he published an 11 year follow-up of 100 patients newly diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (BMJ 1973;2(5858): 96-100) and followed them for a further 30 years, showing that rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease impairing function for decades after onset.By 2004 eight of the sample were severely disabled with rheumatoid arthritis, three were less disabled, and only five had normal functioning.Of the 84 who died, median survival was reduced by 10 to 11 years, and the leading cause of death was heart disease.In 1986 he published, with other rheumatologists, a study that showed the association of rheumatoid arthritis with several human lymphocyte antigens; the associations were stronger in patients with more advanced disease.John Cosh had originally wanted to be a heart surgeon, but his interests shifted towards cardiology and then to the cardiological aspects of rheumatology.He was born in Bristol, the son of a pharmacist.From Bristol Grammar School he won a
Learning to live with the label of psychiatric illness
Authors: J. Carr-Brion
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Problems of mental health in the medical profession seem to be a fashionable topic in the BMJ. I am another sufferer, but what worries me most is not my treatment when ill, but the discriminatory label about being a “psychiatric patient” and the effects that this has when I am dealing with non-psychiatric staff.

I have had recurrent attacks of severe depression since 1990. These have usually consisted of rapid descent to a suicidal state, though the physical and mental retardation made attempts to kill myself difficult. I had been on all the antidepressant drugs available in various combinations. My final attempt led to a cardiac arrest, but unfortunately I was in a hospital and I was resuscitated. I am afraid the staff got no praise from me. At this point I was referred for psychosurgery. (No, I did not know it still existed either.) I was on a neurology ward, the operation was performed, and I had no problems.

This, however, gave me one of my first insights as to what a “psychiatric” label meant. The sister was talking to one of the consultant neurologists during his ward round, when she started complaining about having psychiatric patients on a medical ward, and the fact that they did not have the facilities to care for us. What facilities she envisaged I do not know, as we all suffered from affective disorders and were among the quietest patients on the ward, and being a …
India: Syndrome is overshadowed by infections
Authors: M. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1995)

With infections still the prime killer of infants in India, paediatricians do not consider the sudden infant death syndrome to be a major health issue. Doctors do believe, however, that cases of unexplained infant death might have been confirmed as having been due to the syndrome had adequate investigations been possible. “It appears to exist in India only through anecdotal …
The Roles of Intracellular and Extracellular Ca++ in Glucose-Stimulated Biphasic Insulin Release by Rat Islets
Authors: Claes B. Wollheim, Masatoshi Kikuchi, Albert E. Renold, Geoffrey W. G. Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Verapamil, an agent known rapidly to block calcium uptake into islets of Langerhans, has been used to study the roles of intra- and extracellular calcium in the two phases of glucose-induced insulin release. Rates of calcium uptake and insulin release during the first phase were measured simultaneously over 5 min in rat islets after maintenance in tissue culture for 2 days. Rates of (45)Ca(++) efflux and insulin release during the first and second phases were also measured simultaneously under perifusion conditions. For this, islets were loaded with (45)Ca(++) during the entire maintenance period to complete isotopic equilibrium. Under static incubation conditions 5 muM Verapamil had no effect upon Ca(++) uptake or insulin release in the presence of 2.8 mM glucose. By contrast, glucose-stimulated calcium influx was totally abolished without there being any significant effect upon first phase insulin release. Thus first phase insulin release is independent of increased uptake of extracellular calcium. The lack of effect of 5 muM Verapamil blockade on first phase insulin release was confirmed, under perifusion conditions, and was in marked contrast to the observed 55% inhibition of second phase release. (45)Ca(++) efflux was inhibited during both phases of the insulin release response. The results show that increased calcium uptake in response to glucose is not involved in the mechanism of first phase insulin release but is required for the full development and maintenance of the second phase release. It seems possible that intracellular calcium is the major regulatory control for first phase insulin release and that intracellular calcium and increased uptake of extracellular calcium contribute almost equally to the second phase of glucose-induced release.