tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRUE CARDIAC TONIC? AND WHAT ARE THE PHYSIOLOGIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A TONIC AND A STIMULANT?
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1898)

That all morbid conditions, both of function and structure, are deviations from the normal or physiologic conditions of living matter, probably no thoughtful physician will deny. If the proposition is true, then the basis for the study of disease is a correct knowledge of the actual physiology of all parts of the living body. The more accurate and complete our knowledge of the structure and function of any given part, and its natural relations to all the other parts of a living body, the more readily we can appreciate all deviations from the physiologic standard of action or condition so far as to constitute disease. If a correct knowledge of the natural or healthy structure and functions of any given living part is the proper basis for studying the departures from that standard of health which may constitute disease, it is equally true that the same knowledge must constitute our
Greenbaum Disease: A Nonlinguistic Entity
Authors: Howard Brody
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Makris recently called attention to the confusing and linguistically offensive use of the term "nonparenteral" in titles of medical articles (234:1223, 1975). While his concern over the linguistic malady of spastic polysyllabilism is appropriate, Dr Makris was not the first to point out this problem. Dr Greenbaum of this university published a similar objection to "nonparenteral" in the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>(291:51, 1974). I suggest that priority of authorship be honored and that the use of the term "nonparenteral" in inappropriate contexts (that is, in any context) should henceforth be referred to as "Greenbaum disease," at least until an earlier letter to the editor turns up. Both authors call attention to the lack of a succinct term for "not administered via a needle"; Makris suggests "non-mechanically invasive" while Greenbaum originally opted, tongue in linguistic cheek, for "asyringial." This matter deserves further study.
Infant botulism. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects
Authors: S. S. Arnon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Clostridium botulinum organisms and toxin were identified in the feces of six infants, aged 5 to 20 weeks, who had illnesses clinically consistent with botulism. Five of the infants lived in California and became ill within a six-month period in 1976; one infant became ill in New Jersey in 1975. Three cases were type A botulism, and three were type B. No source of ingested botulinal toxin could be found in any case. However, one infant with type B botulism had ingested a food containing C botulinum type B organisms, and no toxin was found in it. The clinical findings in these cases include constipation, weak sucking and crying ability, pooled oral secretions, cranial nerve deficits, generalized weakness, and, on occasion, sudden apnea. A characteristic electromyographic pattern termed "brief, small, abundant, motor-unit action potentials" (BSAP) was observed. The sources of C botulinum toxin for these six infants is thought to have been in vivo (gastrointestinal) production following ingestion of C botulinum organisms. Studies are underway to determine the full clinical spectrum, incidence, and potential public health importance of this infectious disease newly recognized in infants.
Similar Responsiveness of Diabetic Ketoacidosis to Low-Dose Insulin by Intramuscular Injection and Albumin-Free Infusion
Authors: HAROLD S. SACKS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We compared low-dose insulin regimens in a prospective randomized trial in 30 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. One group received a loading dose of 0.44 U/kg body weight of regular insulin half intramuscularly and half intravenously followed by 7 U/h intramuscularly, whereas the other group received a loading dose of 0.44 U/kg intravenously followed immediately by a constant infusion of 7 U/h in albumin-free saline. The time for metabolic control of the ketoacidosis was not significantly different in the two groups. Five patients in each group developed mild hypokalemia (serum potassium, 3.0 to 3.4 meq/litre). No patient became hypoglycemic, and there were no deaths within the follow-up period (24 h). In the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, low doses of insulin administered by the priming dose-intermittent intramuscular route are as effective as the constant infusion method.
Therapeutic Abortion: Patients, Doctors, and Society
Authors: ARTHUR PECK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

After reviewing the current laws and practices governing abortion in other parts of the world, the author concludes that public pressure in the United States will probably be directed increasingly toward social rather than medical indications for abortion. This trend, which culminates in abortion upon request, may create serious personal conflicts among physicians confronted with such requests, however, since their medical training has fostered attitudes not conducive to this view.
Regional O2 consumption in canine left ventricular myocardium in experimental acute aortic valvular insufficiency
Authors: J VINTEN-JOHANSEN, H. R WEISS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Moderate and severe acute aortic valvular insufficiency (AVI) were produced for 30 min in anaesthetised, open-chest dogs, in order to measure O2 consumption in subepicardial (EPI) and subendocardial (ENDO) regions of the left ventricular free wall. Regional O2 consumption (MVO2) was determined from regional O2 extraction and blood flow data determined by absorbence micro-spectrophotometry and radioactive microspheres. In all groups, venous saturations were lower and O2 extractions higher in the ENDO than in the EPI. Oxygen extractions increased in both regions in both severities of AVI, but more so with severe AVI. The ENDO became under perfused relative to the EPI with increasing severity of AVI. Left ventricular MVO2 increased with AVI; however, ENDO MVO2 increased less than EPI MVO2. ENDO/EPI blood flow ratios decreased from 1.21 to 0.93 in moderate AVI and to 0.76 in severe AVI. ENDO/EPI MVO2 ratios decreased from 1.44 in controls to 0.94 in moderate and 0.54 in severe AVI. The ENDO/EPI MVO2 ratios began to decrease when DPTI /SPTI was less than 0.4 to 0.5. We conclude that AVI increases MVO2, but the ENDO cannot maintain its MVO2 relative to the EPI because of proportionately less ENDO flow, and maximal O2 extraction.
Frontline imatinib treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: no impact of age on outcome, a survey by the GIMEMA CML Working Party
Authors: Gabriele Gugliotta, Fausto Castagnetti, Francesca Palandri, Massimo Breccia, Tamara Intermesoli, Adele Capucci, Bruno Martino, Patrizia Pregno, Serena Rupoli, Dario Ferrero, Filippo Gherlinzoni, Enrico Montefusco, Monica Bocchia, Mario Tiribelli, Ivana Pierri, Federica Grifoni, Giulia Marzocchi, Marilina Amabile, Nicoletta Testoni, Giovanni Martinelli, Giuliana Alimena, Fabrizio Pane, Giuseppe Saglio, Michele Baccarani, Gianantonio Rosti
Journal: Blood (2011)
Helicobacter pylori eradication improves pre-existing reflux esophagitis in patients with duodenal ulcer disease
Authors: Kuniharu Ishiki, Motowo Mizuno, Susumu Take, Yasuhiro Nagahara, Tomowo Yoshida, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Okada, Kenji Yokota, Keiji Oguma, Yasushi Shiratori
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Liability of One Physician for Negligence of Another
Authors: Howard Newcomb Morse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Density of Demodex folliculorum in rosacea: a case-control study using standardized skin-surface biopsy
Authors: F. FORTON, B. SEYS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

A standardized skin-surface biopsy (1 cm2) of the check was performed in 49 patients with rosacea [13 with erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea (ETR), three with squamous rosacea (SR), 33 with papulopustular rosacea (PPR)], and 45 controls. A mean density of 0.7 Demodex folliculorum/cm2 was found in controls, 98% of whom had less than five Demodex/cm2. When all clinical types of rosacea were considered collectively, the density of Demodex was significantly higher in patients with rosacea than in controls (mean = 10.8/cm2; P < 0.001). When the various clinical types of rosacea were considered separately, Demodex density was statistically significantly higher than in controls only in the PPR patients (mean = 12.8/cm2; P < 0.001). The same type of comparison was also made for three other groups of subjects--patients with isolated inflammatory papules (n = 4), rhinophyma (n = 3), and HIV infection (n = 21), respectively: in these groups, the Demodex density did not differ significantly from controls. The present study demonstrates a high density of D. folliculorum in PPR, and supports its pathogenic role in the papulopustular phase of rosacea. The study suggests that standardized surface biopsy could be a useful diagnostic tool for PPR, with a 98% specificity when Demodex density is higher than 5/cm2.
The future of breast cancer research and practice in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East/North Africa: a qualitative horizon scanning analysis.
Authors: JF Bridges, A Coates, MJ Piccart, CH Barrios, M Trudeau, C Huang, S Kim, J Wu, P Saip, D Buchanan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5095 Objective: To conduct a horizon-scanning analysis to identify future needs, challenges and trends relating to breast cancer research and practices globally with special emphasis on emerging and understudied regions.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Following the design and pilot of the survey instrument, data was derived from key informant interviews with 221 thought leaders in breast cancer in Asia (n=97), Latin America (n=46), Middle East/North Africa (n=39) and Australia and Canada (n=39). Thought leaders were identified using a combination of purposive and snowballing sampling and included oncologists, surgeons, other breast cancer specialists, advocacy leaders and policy makers. Transcripts and field notes were then coded and compared, and a taxonomy of 20 issues was developed. The propensity of these themes were then analyzed and compared across the four regions.&amp;#x2028; Results: In Asia the most prevalent issues were i) building capacity for clinical research, ii) more nurses for patient care/education, iii) keeping up to date with new information and iv) increased targeted/personalized treatment. In Latin America key themes were the need to i) increase targeted/personalized treatment, ii) address disparities among the underserved, iii) high cost to third party payers, iv) increase capacity for clinical research and v) control out of pocket costs for patients. In the Middle East/North Africa key themes were the need for i) building capacity for clinical research, ii) more nurses for patient care/education, iii) increased public education on screening and iv) increased capacity for early detection. In Australia and Canada issues were i) keeping up to date with new information, ii) weighing the cost effectiveness of new treatments, iii) the need for increased data sharing and iv) improving communication between stakeholders.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: While a number of respondents expressed observations relating to country specific etiology of disease (such as women presenting at younger ages and with more aggressive tumors) the lack of national registries and local clinical/genetic research make it hard to confirm these anecdotes scientifically. Finally, increased focus on the development of effective advocacy and policy leadership are needed in these regions to draw attention and resources towards issues of community empowerment, survivorship and quality of life which were neglected by all but a handful of respondents. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5095.
AN IMPROVED CALIPER METHOD FOR ROENTGEN-RAY LOCALIZATION OF FOREIGN BODIES
Authors: H. C. Kariher
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The caliper method requires much calculation, and is subject to error. We have devised a slide rule that enables one to read the depth without calculation.  Metal pins are placed, like the rungs of a ladder, 1 cm. apart, and the ladder is placed perpendicularly between the table and the screen with the tube beneath the table, and the target 60 cm. from the screen. The tube is so placed under the ladder that the shadows of the pins are as but one in the central day; the screen is replaced by a plate, and a brief exposure is made with the diaphragm closed to admit only the central ray, to obtain 0. The tube is then shifted 12 cm. and a roentgenogram made on the same plate. This scale is transferred to the instrument illustrated, and thus the one minute depth measure is secured.  The point 12 cm. to
β-Blockers and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: L. Joe Dunaway
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Letters4 March 2008β-Blockers and Progression of Coronary AtherosclerosisL. Joe Dunaway, MD, MSL. Joe Dunaway, MD, MSFrom Louisville, KY 40299.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their recent meta-analysis, Sipahi and colleagues (1) propose a mechanism of decreased atherosclerosis progression attributed to β-blockers. Why do we not see this when β-blockers are used in the treatment of hypertension? Prospective studies have shown no decreased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients treated with β-blockers versus placebo. How can this mechanism of decreased atherosclerosis progression be active in a patient who has had MI treated with β-blockers and not in a patient with hypertension treated with β-blockers? I think this contradiction demonstrates a fatal flaw in the conclusion reached by the ...Reference1. Sipahi I, Tuzcu EM, Wolski KE, Nicholls SJ, Schoenhagen P, Hu B, et al. Beta-blockers and progression of coronary atherosclerosis: pooled analysis of 4 intravascular ultrasonography trials. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:10-8. [PMID: 17606956] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Louisville, KY 40299.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee Alsoβ-Blockers and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis: Pooled Analysis of 4 Intravascular Ultrasonography Trials Ilke Sipahi , E. Murat Tuzcu , Katherine E. Wolski , Stephen J. Nicholls , Paul Schoenhagen , Bo Hu , Craig Balog , Mehdi Shishehbor , William A. Magyar , Timothy D. Crowe , Samir Kapadia , and Steven E. Nissen β-Blockers and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis Ilke Sipahi and Steven E. Nissen Metrics 4 March 2008Volume 148, Issue 5Page: 404KeywordsAtherosclerosisConflicts of interestHypertensionMyocardial infarctionProspective studiesStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 4 March 2008 Issue Published: 4 March 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Request for Reprints of Articles on Stress and the Adaptive Hormones
Authors: H. Selye, A. Horava
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1953)

Reports on Stress. Professor Selye is well known to members of the Heberden Society through his Heberden Oration in 1950 and his important research work on stress in the aetiology and pathology of rheumatoid disease.
Phase III, Randomized Study of Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin Versus Gemcitabine (fixed-dose rate infusion) Compared With Gemcitabine (30-minute infusion) in Patients With Pancreatic Carcinoma E6201: A Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Elizabeth Poplin, Yang Feng, Jordan Berlin, Mace L. Rothenberg, Howard Hochster, Edith Mitchell, Steven Alberts, Peter O'Dwyer, Daniel Haller, Paul Catalano, David Cella, Al Bowen Benson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Single-agent gemcitabine (GEM) is standard treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Fixed-dose rate (FDR) GEM and GEM plus oxaliplatin have shown promise in early clinical trials. E6201 was designed to compare overall survival (OS) of standard weekly GEM 1,000 mg/m 2 /30 minutes versus GEM FDR 1,500 mg/m 2 /150 minutes or GEM 1,000 mg/m 2 /100 minutes/day 1 plus oxaliplatin 100 mg/m 2 /day 2 every 14 days (GEMOX). Methods This trial included patients with metastatic or locally advanced pancreatic cancer, normal organ function, and performance status of 0 to 2. The study was designed to detect a 33% difference in median survival (hazard ratio [HR] ≤ 0.75 for either of the experimental arms) with 81% power while maintaining a significance level of 2.5% in a two-sided test for each of the two primary comparisons. Results Eight hundred thirty-two patients were enrolled. The median survival and 1-year survival were 4.9 months (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.6) and 16% for GEM, 6.2 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 6.9), and 21% for GEM FDR (HR, 0.83; stratified log-rank P = .04), and 5.7 months (95% CI, 4.9 to 6.5) and 21% for GEMOX (HR, 0.88; stratified log-rank P = .22). Neither of these differences met the prespecified criteria for significance. Survival was 9.2 months for patients with locally advanced disease, and 5.4 months for those with metastatic disease. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were greatest with GEM FDR. GEMOX caused higher rates of nausea, vomiting, and neuropathy. Conclusion Neither GEM FDR nor GEMOX resulted in substantially improved survival or symptom benefit over standard GEM in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Expression of cancer testis antigens and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Meng Wang, Xin-feng Chen, Zhi-qin Li, Zhen Zhang, Dong-li Yue, Yan-hong Liu, Dong Jiang, Yu-ling Sun, Yong-fu Zhao, Shu-huan Wu, Jian-sheng Li, Yi Zhang
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Many therapies such as surgery, chemical or physical approaches have been used for treatment of HCC; however, the outcome is still poor. Cancer immunotherapy is considered to be one of the promising strategies in recent years. Expression of CTAs genes including MAGE A3, MAGE A4,
Hypobetalipoproteinemia Is Associated With Low Levels of Hemostatic Risk Factors in the Framingham Offspring Population
Authors: Francine K. Welty, Murray A. Mittleman, Peter W.F. Wilson, Patrice A. Sutherland, Travis H. Matheney, Izabella Lipinska, James E. Muller, Daniel Levy, Geoffrey H. Tofler
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Given the importance of thrombosis in causation of acute coronary syndromes, it is possible that the beneficial effect of low lipid levels on the risk of coronary events is achieved by lowering thrombotic potential of the blood. Hypobetalipoproteinemia is characterized by plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol that are one third of those observed in the general population. The aim of this study was to utilize subjects with hypobetalipoproteinemia to examine the relation between thrombotic potential and low levels of LDL cholesterol. Methods and Results Hemostatic risk factors were measured in 1878 individuals (1003 women and 875 men) participating in cycle 5 of the Framingham Offspring Study. The subjects were divided into five groups on the basis of LDL cholesterol level. Subjects with hypobetalipoproteinemia (LDL cholesterol &lt;70 mg/dL) had the lowest levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor–1 antigen, and tissue plasminogen activator antigen. As LDL cholesterol increased, there was a significant increase in the levels of the hemostatic risk factors, with the exception of von Willebrand factor antigen. Adjustment with multivariate regression analyses for the covariates age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol intake, triglyceride level, and use of antihypertensive medication did not materially alter the results. Conclusions Decreasing levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with decreasing levels of hemostatic risk factors. Subjects with hypobetalipoproteinemia have the lowest levels of hemostatic risk factors and may be protected against thrombotic complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease because of reduced thrombotic potential. One mechanism by which lipid-lowering therapy may decrease clinical cardiac events is through a reduction in thrombotic tendency.
Cost of Intraocular Lens versus Contact Lens Treatment after Unilateral Congenital Cataract Surgery in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study at Age 5 Years
Authors: Stacey J. Kruger, Lindreth DuBois, Edmund R. Becker, David Morrison, Lorri Wilson, M. Edward Wilson, Scott R. Lambert
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
"Humor Plus Humility Equals Humaneness"
Authors: Addison M. Duval
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Now and then in modern medical literature, there appears an original communication which, while impressive scientifically, makes its greatest impact on the reader because of its artistic qualities. Two examples will suffice—one written in the past and one in the present. The first, "The Neurologist Looks at Discipline," by Dr. Roland P. Mackay of the University of Illinois College of Medicine, was published in the Oct 18, 1947, issue ofThe Journal(<b>135</b>:399 ). The second communication, entitled "Humor Plus Humility Equals Humaneness," by Dr. Harold Stevens, Professor of Neurology, George Washington University Medical School, appeared in the Dec 28, 1964, issue ofThe Journal(<b>190</b>:1114). As a commencement address to medical students, Dr. Stevens' essay shows a remarkable blending of the science and art of medicine, as well as a blending of the intellectual and emotional insights of the medical teacher. As with most works
Physicians Who Have Lost Their Malpractice Insurance
Authors: J. M. Wormley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Congratulations to Dr Schwartz and Mr Mendelson 1 for their recent article on the detection and deterrence of professional negligence. I have been deeply involved with a physician-owned provider of professional liability protection for more than 10 years. I have always felt that direct member involvement plays a critical role in the prevention of negligence. This study confirms that fact.  Our organization is an interindemnity trust arrangement, not an insurance company. The member physicians literally share the malpractice exposure with each other. Each member has a strong financial motivation to prevent negligence. Therefore, the members have a voice in determining with whom they will share risk. This has been a major reason why we have been able to offer our members substantial savings during the past 12 years. It is important to note that effective peer review serves the public as well as the malpractice provider and