tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sir Archibald McIndoe
Authors: L. O. Mosley
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> Elderly people had suffered disproportional burden of COVID-19. We hypothesized that males and females in different age groups might have different epidemic trajectories. <h3>Methods</h3> Using publicly available data from South Korea, daily new COVID-19 cases were fitted with generalized additive models, assuming Poisson and negative binomial distributions. Epidemic dynamics by age and gender groups were explored with interactions between smoothed time terms and age and gender. <h3>Results</h3> A negative binomial distribution fitted the daily case counts best. Interaction between the dynamic patterns of daily new cases and age groups was statistically significant (p&lt;0.001), but not with gender group. People aged 20-39 years led the epidemic processes in the society with two peaks: one major peak around March 1 and a smaller peak around April 7, 2020. The epidemic process among people aged 60 or above was trailing behind that of younger people with smaller magnitude. After March 15, there was a consistent decline of daily new cases among elderly people, despite large fluctuations of case counts among young adults. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although young people drove the COVID-19 epidemic in the whole society with multiple rebounds, elderly people could still be protected from virus infection after the peak of epidemic.
Endocardial Cushion Defects
Authors: I. M. Anderson, H. M. T. Coles
Journal: BMJ (1961)

CBOrn nearer the true risk generally and the higher ones apply to particular epidemics.Deafness is the greatest risk, then congenital heart disease, and then cataract: mental defect and micro- cephaly and several other malformations are lesser risks.All these may occur alone or quite often in combinations.Of the heart malformations persistent ductus is much the most common (58 %); then comes ventricular septal defect (18%).In about 6% of these the two defects are combined, and in ordinary practice this is not a very common finding.Atrial septal defect, pulmonary valvular stenosis, and Fallot's tetralogy each occur in about 6% of cases.This distribution is quite unlike anything found under other conditions.Numerically, maternal rubella during pregnancy is not one of the major causes of congenital heart disease, though it is one of the best-proved causes.It is responsible for something between 2 and 4% of all cases.At the Congress on Congenital Malformations in London in July, 1960, the proportion of all these caused by maternal rubella and all other viral infections was thought to be less than 10%.Other viral infections, including mumps, measles, epidemic hepatitis, and poliomyelitis, can produce similar malformations.It seems unlikely that they often do so, though measles and even any minor infections during pregnancy need further investigation.I am most grateful to Dr. Julia Bell for letting me have the details of the type of congenital heart disease in the reported cases she had collected.REFERENCES
Polycomb CBX7 Promotes Initiation of Heritable Repression of Genes Frequently Silenced with Cancer-Specific DNA Hypermethylation
Authors: Helai P. Mohammad, Yi Cai, Kelly M. McGarvey, Hariharan Easwaran, Leander Van Neste, Joyce E. Ohm, Heather M. O'Hagan, Stephen B. Baylin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Epigenetic silencing of genes in association with aberrant promoter DNA hypermethylation has emerged as a significant mechanism in the development of human cancers. Such genes are also often targets of the polycomb group repressive complexes in embryonic cells. The polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) has been best studied in this regard. We now examine a link between PRC1 and cancer-specific gene silencing. Here, we show a novel and direct association between a constituent of the PRC1 complex, CBX7, with gene repression and promoter DNA hypermethylation of genes frequently silenced in cancer. CBX7 is able to complex with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes, leading us to explore a role for CBX7 in maintenance and initiation of gene silencing. Knockdown of CBX7 was unable to relieve suppression of deeply silenced genes in cancer cells; however, in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, CBX7 can initiate stable repression of genes that are frequently silenced in adult cancers. Furthermore, we are able to observe assembly of DNMTs at CBX7 target gene promoters. Sustained expression of CBX7 in EC cells confers a growth advantage and resistance to retinoic acid-induced differentiation. In this setting, especially, there is increased promoter DNA hypermethylation for many genes by analysis of specific genes, as well as through epigenomic studies. Our results allow us to propose a potential mechanism through assembly of novel repressive complexes, by which the polycomb component of PRC1 can promote the initiation of epigenetic changes involving abnormal DNA hypermethylation of genes frequently silenced in adult cancers.
A Psychosomatic Investigation of Behçet’s Disease
Authors: G. Koptagel-Ilal, Ö. Tunçer, G. Enbiyaoğlu, Z. Bayramoğlu
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

The psychiatric investigation of 55 Behçet patients through a psychoanalytically oriented interview and the application of the Rorschach test revealed that psychosocial stress factors were predominant prior to the onset of the disease. The personality structures, according to the Rorschach findings, were generally pathological with a weak ego, regressive tendencies, disturbed body image, high anxiety, difficulties in social adaptation and evaluation of realities as well as incapacity of an adequate expression and handling of affects and emotions. The stressful life events, as well as disturbed personality structures seen in these patients are common to most psychosomatic manifestations. Considering the recent research emphasizing the effects of immune mechanisms in the etiology of this disease, together with the relationship of autonomic system functions with immune reactions as also with psychological stress situations, it is discussed whether psychosocial stress and weak personality structures can be assumed to be one of the possible effective factors in the etiopathogenesis of this disease, at least as precipitating agents.
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2011: III. ARDS and ECMO, weaning, mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, pediatrics and miscellanea
Authors: Massimo Antonelli, Marc Bonten, Jean Chastre, Giuseppe Citerio, Giorgio Conti, J. Randall Curtis, Daniel De Backer, Goran Hedenstierna, Michael Joannidis, Duncan Macrae, Jordi Mancebo, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Alexandre Mebazaa, Jean-Charles Preiser, Patricia Rocco, Jean-François Timsit, Jan Wernerman, Haibo Zhang
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine 2011 : III. ARDS and ECMO, weaning, mechanical ventilation, noninvasive ventilation, pediatrics and miscellanea
Educational and Psychosocial Aspects of Deafness
Authors: Hubert L. Gerstman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

For those working with the deaf and their families, this collection serves as a valuable reference guide. It contains several tables enumerating rehabilitation programs and training programs as well as postsecondary school collegiate programs and includes valuable information regarding admission officers, addresses, and even phone numbers. There are also references as to university programs for those who wish to work with the deaf. All who work with the deaf are counselors in some manner. Good counseling requires information and insight. This collection provides a good share of each. A very concise but most informative chapter is that relating to genetics and family planning. Those who come in contact with families of young deaf children will find excellent material and suggestions in several chapters, including a chapter on parents and one on preschool education. Although the contents of this book could not be considered a complete compendium, the selection of chapters
Expression of human CCL2 and CS-1 fibronectin in allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Horacio M Serra, Andrea Martin, Julio R Gagliardi, Adrian M Kahn, Alejandro Ruiz Lascano, Ana Diller, Maria C Daraio, Maria C Duccasse, Ana L Mariani
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Medical Certificates for Airmen
Authors: Sidney W. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the discussions by Cobb and Rose (224:489,1973) and by Raventos (225:417, 1973) and Cobb (225:418, 1973) concerning classifications of airmen, at the risk of being accused of nit-picking, I'd like to put in my two cents worth. In civil aviation, there are no first-, second-, or third-class airmen. It is only the type of medical certificate that they hold that is so classified. An airman does not necessarily fly. He is socalled because his duties so intimately connect him with the aviation industry as to warrant the title. A medical certificate of any class may be issued to any person if he is physically qualified, its purpose is only to show he is physically qualified to fly or to perform under the type of Airman's Certificate that he holds. Other than additional eye studies and an electrocardiogram at age 35 for a first-class certificate, there is
Abstract 4463: Serum phytanic acid and prostate cancer risk: Results from a nested case-control study
Authors: Margaret E. Wright, Demetrius Albanes, Fei Shi, Ann Moser, Jarmo Virtamo, Peter Gann
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Phytanic acid is a saturated branched chain fatty acid found predominantly in red meat and dairy products, and may contribute to the elevated risks of prostate cancer associated with higher consumption of these foods. We measured phytanic acid as a percentage of total fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in prediagnostic blood samples from 300 prostate cancer cases and 300 matched controls, all of whom were participants in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study cohort. In addition to providing a fasting blood sample at baseline, all men completed extensive diet, lifestyle, and medical history questionnaires. Among controls, the strongest dietary correlates of serum phytanic acid were dairy fat, butter, and saturated fat (r=0.45, 0.42, and 0.40, respectively; all p-values &amp;lt;0.001). With the exception of lamb (r=0.18, p = 0.002), red meat intake was not significantly correlated with phytanic acid. There was no association between serum phytanic acid and risk of total or aggressive prostate cancer in multivariate logistic regression models. However, a significant interaction between phytanic acid and baseline concentrations of beta-carotene was noted in relation to advanced disease (p-interaction = 0.04). Among men with lower beta-carotene levels, serum phytanic acid was suggestively associated with elevated risks of advanced prostate cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for increasing phytanic acid tertiles = 1.0 (referent), 1.42 (0.78-2.59), and 1.80 (0.91-3.55); p trend = 0.08) whereas the opposite relationship was noted among participants with higher beta-carotene levels (for increasing phytanic acid tertiles, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals = 1.0 (referent), 1.03 (0.52-2.06), and 0.59 (0.30-1.17); p trend = 0.06). Our findings indicate that serum phytanic acid may be associated with increased risks of advanced prostate cancer in men with low levels of the antioxidant beta-carotene. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4463. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4463
A naturally occurring Tyr143HisαIIb mutation abolishes αIIbβ3 function for soluble ligands but retains its ability for mediating cell adhesion and clot retraction: comparison with other mutations causing ligand-binding defects
Authors: Teruo Kiyoi, Yoshiaki Tomiyama, Shigenori Honda, Seiji Tadokoro, Morio Arai, Hirokazu Kashiwagi, Satoru Kosugi, Hisashi Kato, Yoshiyuki Kurata, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Blood (2003)
Glucocorticoid regulation of insulin receptor gene transcription in IM-9 cultured lymphocytes.
Authors: A R McDonald, I D Goldfine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We have reported that glucocorticoids increase steady state insulin receptor mRNA levels in target cells. In the present study using IM-9 cultured human lymphocytes, we investigated the mechanism responsible for this glucocorticoid mediated increase in insulin receptor mRNA levels. Incubation of IM-9 cells with 100 nM dexamethasone for 4 h stimulated a parallel increase in both polysomal and nuclear insulin receptor RNAs indicating that glucocorticoids did not alter the nuclear transport of insulin receptor RNA. Dexamethasone did not alter insulin receptor mRNA half life (t 1/2 = 140 +/- 20 min), indicating that glucocorticoids did not influence mRNA stability. Furthermore, the dexamethasone-induced increase in insulin receptor mRNA levels was not blocked by pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide indicating that the glucocorticoid effect was independent of new protein synthesis. When the labeled transcripts from nuclear run-off incubations were then hybridized to immobilize human insulin receptor cDNA, a three- to fourfold increase in transcriptional activity was observed. This transcriptional effect occurred before the increase in steady state insulin receptor mRNA levels and over the same range of dexamethasone concentrations. These studies indicate therefore a direct effect of glucocorticoids on insulin receptor gene transcription, and demonstrate that the insulin receptor gene is under hormonal control.
Ruptured Trimbleform Appendix?
Authors: Clayton A. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Permit me to be the first, or at least one of the first, to assail Dr. George X. Trimble's new venture inThe Journal, particularly his first "Critique and Cavil," that of Jan 25 (<b>187</b>:275) in which he describes the wanderings of Leo Lamphere, the renowned example of the Munchausen syndrome, neglecting in its entirety the latter's 1962 journey to Stanford Medical Center, which was chronicled in rhyme by Dr. Dick Freeman and myself in this veryJournalto which Dr. Trimble seems to have suddenly become appended by persistence alone. The bitterness I feel is doubly caused, for not only have I scanned every major journal since medical school days for a word of wisdom from George X. (there often being no other good reason to read most of them), but also I had considered that famous cross-file as absolutely complete and completely infallible, and
Deferasirox demonstrates a dose‐dependent reduction in liver iron concentration and consistent efficacy across subgroups of non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia patients
Authors: Ali T. Taher, John B. Porter, Vip Viprakasit, Antonis Kattamis, Suporn Chuncharunee, Pranee Sutcharitchan, Noppadol Siritanaratkul, Renzo Galanello, Zeynep Karakas, Tomasz Lawniczek, Dany Habr, Jacqueline Ros, Yiyun Zhang, M. Domenica Cappellini
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

The 1-year THALASSA study enrolled 166 patients with various non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) syndromes, degrees of iron burden and patient characteristics, and demonstrated the overall efficacy and safety of deferasirox in reducing liver iron concentration (LIC) in these patients. Here, reduction in LIC with deferasirox 5 and 10 mg/kg/day starting dose groups is shown to be consistent across the following patient subgroups-baseline LIC/serum ferritin, age, gender, race, splenectomy (yes/no), and underlying NTDT syndrome (β-thalassemia intermedia, HbE/β-thalassemia or α-thalassemia). These analyses also evaluated deferasirox dosing strategies for patients with NTDT. Greater reductions in LIC were achieved in patients dose-escalated at Week 24 from deferasirox 10 mg/kg/day starting dose to 20 mg/kg/day. Patients who received an average actual dose of deferasirox >12.5-≤17.5 mg/kg/day achieved a greater LIC decrease compared with the ≥7.5-≤12.5 mg/kg/day and >0-<7.5 mg/kg/day subgroups, demonstrating a dose-response efficacy. LIC reduction across patient subgroups was generally consistent with the primary efficacy analysis with a similar safety profile.
A Framework for Management of Hepatitis C in Prisons
Authors: Anne C. Spaulding, Cindy M. Weinbaum, Daryl T.-Y. Lau, Richard Sterling, Leonard B. Seeff, Harold S. Margolis, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in prisons ranges from 12% to 31%. There are generally accepted—albeit still evolving—guidelines for identification and treatment of hepatitis C in the community. However, there is less agreement among health professionals caring for prisoners about best practices for identification, medical management, and treatment of hepatitis C. Inmates often lack health care before incarceration. In prisons, infected persons could be identified and the management of infection initiated; however, the high prevalence of HCV infection among prisoners would impose a disproportionate cost for hepatitis C care on the correctional system. The optimal solution is for prison and public health systems in the United States to jointly provide targeted HCV testing and standard-of-care hepatitis C medical management, treatment, and prevention programs to prison inmate populations. The authors report on a January 2003 meeting of experts in prison health, public health, hepatology, and infectious diseases and explore the clinical care, prevention, and collaboration needed to provide hepatitis C management in prisoners.
Aspirin use and chronic diseases: a cohort study of the elderly.
Authors: A. Paganini-Hill, A. Chao, R. K. Ross, B. E. Henderson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the associations between the use of aspirin and the incidences of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and other chronic diseases. DESIGN--Postal questionnaire survey to elicit details of aspirin use. SETTING--Californian retirement community. SUBJECTS--All 22,781 residents of the community (white, affluent, and well educated) were sent a questionnaire that included questions on medical history and the use of drugs such as analgesics, laxatives, and vitamin supplements. In all 61% responded (13,987, 8881 women and 5106 men; median age 73). They formed the cohort that was followed up for 6 1/2 years using discharge summaries from three hospitals serving the area and death certificates from the health department. Only 13 respondents were lost to follow up but seemed not to have died. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Incidences of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, gastrointestinal bleeding, ulcers, and cataracts were compared in participants who did and did not take aspirin daily. RESULTS--Age adjusted incidences were computed with an internal standard and five age groups. By 1 January 1988 there had been 25 incident cases of kidney cancer among all participants; 341 incident cases of stroke, 253 of acute myocardial infarction, 220 of ischaemic heart disease, and 317 of other heart disease were reported among respondents without a reported history of angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The incidence of kidney cancer was raised among those who took aspirin daily compared with those who did not take it, although the increase was significant only in men (relative risks = 6.3, 95% confidence interval 2.2 to 17, for men and 2.1, 0.53 to 8.5, for women). Those who took aspirin daily showed no increased risk of any other cancer, except colon cancer for both sexes combined (relative risk = 1.5, 1.1 to 2.2). The risk of acute myocardial infarction was reduced slightly among regular users of aspirin in men but not women. The risk of ischaemic heart disease was almost doubled in those who took aspirin daily compared with non-users (relative risks = 1.9, 1.1 to 3.1, for men and 1.7, 1.1 to 2.7, for women). Small, non-significant increased risks of stroke were observed in both sexes. CONCLUSION--The daily use of aspirin increased the risk of kidney cancer and ischaemic heart disease.
Advice to pharmacists on dispensing contraception an “invasion of privacy”
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Next year's pay rises for doctors should be 2% or less 116, 218Pay rises for doctors and other healthcare staff in Britain should not be above 2% next year, the government said last week.The chancellor of the exchequer, Gordon Brown, used his pre-budget report to urge restraint on pay increases so that inflation stays around 2%.Mr Brown said that the health secretary, Patricia Hewitt, would be asking for a 2% rise in her evidence to the various pay review bodies for NHS staff.Ms Hewitt is due to give oral evidence to the Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration next week in line with Mr Brown's wishes.Mr Brown, in his pre-budget report this week, described the current year as "the toughest and most challenging year for the economy" but was confident that inflation was on course to meet its 2% target this year, next year, and the year after that.The BMA, however, is seeking a 4.5% increase in doctors' pay for next year.
The Use of High-Efficiency Particulate Air-Filter Respirators to Protect Hospital Workers from Tuberculosis -- A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Karim A. Adal, Anne M. Anglim, C. Lisa Palumbo, Maureen G. Titus, Betty J. Coyner, Barry M. Farr
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

After outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proposed the use of respirators with high-efficiency particulate air filters (HEPA respirators) as part of isolation precautions against tuberculosis, along with a respiratory-protection program for health care workers that includes medical evaluation, training, and tests of the fit of the respirators. Each HEPA respirator costs between $7.51 and $9.08, about 10 times the cost of respirators currently used.
Abstract C44: Activation of focal adhesion kinase by direct interaction with β4 integrin in an EGFR-Src-dependent pathway in tumor progression
Authors: Yu-Ling Tai, Tang-Long Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although β4 integrin and FAK (focal adhesion kinase) are individually known to be associated with tumor progression, only recently have they been suggested to function in a signaling axis. Here, we demonstrate in vivo and in vitro physical and functional interactions between β4 integrin and FAK. An 11-amino acid motif of FAK was identified as essential for interaction with the cytodomain of β4 integrin in malignant cells but not in less malignant cells, implicating the role of this interaction in malignancies. Furthermore, this interaction occurs in an adhesion-dependent manner and results in autophosphorylation of FAK's Tyr-397. EGF signaling and Src activity were indispensable for this interaction. Finally, disruption of the β4 integrin/FAK complexes reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as tumorigenesis, in concurrence with the decreases in phospho-Akt and phospho-p38. Together, our data elucidate an underlying mechanism for the regulation of tumor progression by the novel β4 integrin/FAK complexes through a physical interaction that is EGF/Src dependent. The significance of this finding is highlighted by often co-overexpression of both integrin β4 and FAK in patients' cancerous tissues with colon cancer revealed by immunohistochemistry analyses. Based on the structural prediction for the complex of integrin β4 and FAK, it may lead us to gain more insight on the anticancer therapies of aggressive cancers. Citation Format: Yu-Ling Tai, Tang-Long Shen. Activation of focal adhesion kinase by direct interaction with β4 integrin in an EGFR-Src-dependent pathway in tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C44.