tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Tube Implantation for the Palliation of Malignant Esophageal Stenosis
Authors: R. Függer, B. Niederle, H. Jantsch, R. Schiessel, F. Schulz
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

One hundred endoscopic tube implantations were carried out on 95 patients with malignant esophageal stenosis. Palliative treatment was performed in 43 % of cases because of the advanced stage of the tumor, and in 57 % of cases because of risk factors which made resection inadvisable. Clinical mortality was 16 %, with six deaths caused by technical complications (perforation, arrosion bleeding), and ten by cardiopulmonary problems. Dislodgement or obstruction of the prostheses was observed in 20 % of cases, but could readily be corrected. The median survival time was two months, with 17 % of the patients still alive after six months. Poor general health, advanced age and the presence of distant metastases were established as unfavorable prognostic indications with a significant influence on postoperative mortality. Functional results were good: 87 % of patients were able to eat solid or pulpy food post-operatively.
Relation of Renin and Angiotensin II to the Control of Aldosterone Secretion
Authors: James O. Davis, Charles C. J. Carpenter, Carlos R. Ayers
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

1. Evidence is presented to show that the renin-angiotensin system leads to increased aldosterone secretion following acute blood loss, during experimental heart failure, during thoracic inferior vena cava constriction, during chronic sodium depletion and in malignant experimental renal hypertension. Since alterations in sodium intake constitute one of the most important factors in the daily regulation of aldosterone secretion, studies of sodium-depleted animals suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is important in the physiological regulation of aldosterone secretion. 2. Renin appears to be secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Some hemodynamic alteration secondary to a decrease in pressure and flow through the kidney leads to release of renin by the juxtaglomerular cells. Available data indicate that angiotensin II acts on the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to promote aldosterone production.
THE PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN TWO FATAL CASES OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES.
Authors: SAMUEL T. ORTON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The lack of agreement on the part of many writers as to the etiology and pathology of mycosis fungoides has led to a careful study of two cases observed at the Boston City Hospital and to the following report of this investigation. Three main theories have been advanced concerning the type of changes taking place in the skin. First, the skin tumors have been regarded by many authors, including Köbner,<sup>1</sup>Virchow,<sup>2</sup>Payne,<sup>3</sup>DeAmicis,<sup>4</sup>Stelwagon and Hatch,<sup>5</sup>Krasnoglasow,<sup>6</sup>Auspitz,<sup>7</sup>Phillipson,<sup>8</sup>Hyde and Montgomery,<sup>9</sup>Hochsinger and Schiff,<sup>10</sup>as granulomata, either infectious or non-infectious. Second, Kaposi,<sup>11</sup>Funk,<sup>12</sup>Crocker,<sup>13</sup>Ranvier,<sup>14</sup>Pinkus,<sup>15</sup>Lerrede and Weil,<sup>16</sup>Besnier<sup>17</sup>and others believe the tumors to be sarcomata. This view is largely supported by the German writers. A third group (Pellagotti,<sup>18</sup>Landouzy,<sup>19</sup>Debove,<sup>20</sup>Demange,<sup>21</sup>Gaillard,<sup>22</sup>Tanturri<sup>23</sup>
Length-Circumference Relations of the Left Ventricle
Authors: ROBERT F. RUSHMER, Alden A. Nash, Dean L. Franklin, Dean K. Crystal, Allan W. Lobb, Clyde Wagner
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Changes in length and circumference of the left ventricle were recorded simultaneously by variable resistance gages on its external surface in intact dogs. The absolute changes in circumference were considerably greater than the changes in length, but the relative changes in these dimensions were similar (averaging around 2 to 3 per cent). Under most circumstances, the length and circumference vary in the same direction but occasionally inexplicable differences in response were observed.
Importance of Meta-analyses for Evaluating Carcinogens
Authors: Manolis Kogevinas, Neil Pearce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Camargo et al. (2011) published the most complete meta-analysis on asbestos and ovarian cancer, concluding that "Our study supports the IARC [International Agency for Research on Cancer] conclusion that exposure to asbestos is associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer."Imagine if it had not!The IARC Monograph Working Group met in 2009 (Straif et al. 2009), but the working group, which included four authors of the Carmargo et al. ( 2011) paper, apparently did not make use of a formal metaanalysis of all available studies to evaluate the evidence.Although the IARC Monographs staff have occasionally conducted meta-analyses prior to a monograph (e.g., Guha et al. 2009), formal meta-analyses are not prepared routinely for the evaluations.However, such meta-analyses can be considered when they are publicly available and, as stated in the "Preamble to the IARC Monographs," "ad-hoc calculations that combine data from different studies may be conducted by the Working Group during the course of a Monograph meeting" (IARC 2012).Although meta-analyses have been widely used in social sciences and medical research for decades, it is only recently that they have become more widely used in epidemiology (Greenland and O'Rourke 2008), and they were not widely used at the time that the IARC Monograph procedures were first developed.As Greenland and O'Rourke (2008) comment, Epidemiologic studies of specific topics have tended to be fewer [than is the case in social science or medicine], and the epidemiologic community appears to be more hospitable to tentative, limited inferences based on narrative reviews.Nonetheless, to neglect quantitative aspects of review would be akin to presenting a study and supplying only a narrative discussion of the raw data, with no attempt to group and compare subject outcomes.
Quality Standards Intend to Bring Psychiatry, Primary Care Into Closer Collaboration
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

NEW STANDARDS from the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) may join together what managed care and medical traditions seemingly have kept asunder: psychiatry and primary care. Late last month the Washington, DCbased NCQA released the final version of the first national accreditation standards for managed behavioral health care organizations. The new standards were spurred by the explosive growth during the 1980s of specialized managed care companies that contracted with health plans to provide mental and behavioral health care services. The NCQA estimates that more than 300 such organizations currently are serving about 100 million people in the United States. The market for managed behavioral health care is expected to grow as state governments increasingly cover Medicaid recipients' behavioral health care through managed care plans. "Purchasers and consumers have expressed concern about the absence of quality information related to managed behavioral health care," said Margaret E. O'Kane, MHS, NCQA's president.
Surgical management of tricuspid atresia
Authors: P. B. Deverall, J. C. R. Lincoln, E. Aberdeen, R. E. Bonham-Carter, D. J. Waterston
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Tricuspid atresia is one of the less common forms of congenital heart disease. The results of palliative surgery in 72 children are presented. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography are essential for precise definition of the anomaly. There is a 20% incidence of obstruction at atrial septal level. Closed atrial septostomy is of value in such cases in infancy. In most there is a reduced pulmonary blood flow. This may be increased by anastomosis of either the superior vena cava or a systemic artery to the pulmonary artery. The caval anastomosis, while having theoretical advantages, is not always possible, especially in small infants. In this series systemic arterial shunts have given at least comparable results, suggesting that both techniques are of value with this anomaly.
Geriatric Cardiology: Principles and Practice
Authors: Samuel Zoneraich
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This is a comprehensive treatise emphasizing fundamentals of the aging heart. The authors, experts in the field, have adroitly used their experience and given detailed, meaningful information in 35 well-written and well-documented chapters. The basic problems of gerontology—that is, separating normal aging from abnormal or pathological aging and defining the facets of illness resulting from aging—are masterfully presented by Powell in chapter 2. Basically, evaluation of the older patient takes into account his birth certificate, which is not the best indicator for predicting morbidity and mortality. "Elderly people, so readily defined as the over 65's, are commonly regarded as a homogenous group. This is biological, psychological and sociological nonsense," writes Powell. His view raises the unsolved problem—who is old and what are the stages of old age? Such questions remain to be answered by painstaking extensive research. Aging is a general term, not always related to the particular individual. Recent
THE PATHOLOGIC CHANGES PRODUCED IN CHICK EMBRYOS BY YOLK SAC INOCULATION OF GROUP A COXSACKIE VIRUS
Authors: James H. Peers, Sara E. Ransom, Robert J. Huebner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

A series of embryonated eggs incubated from 6 to 18 days have been successfully infected by yolk sac inoculation with a strain of group A Coxsackie virus. The resulting pathologic changes are here described. The principal lesion consisted of widespread acute necrosis of striated muscle, apparently essentially identical in type and development with that characteristically produced by the virus in suckling mice. The infection was not itself lethal; some embryos with virtually complete destruction of skeletal muscle were found alive. The older the embryo at the time of inoculation, the less the severity and extent of the lesions; but susceptibility was sometimes not entirely lost in embryos 18 days old. Two embryos inoculated at this time hatched and lived for 4 and 11 days respectively. One showed minimal specific muscle lesions, and the other only some irregularity in muscle fiber size. The lessening of severity of the lesions was especially marked and abrupt in embryos inoculated on the 10th and the 12th day of incubation. In addition to the muscle lesions characteristic of infection with group A Coxsackie virus, there were regularly present in the more immature embryos extensive necrosis of epidermis and feathers and degeneration of feather follicles, believed to be probably a direct dermotropic effect of the virus infection. Other visceral lesions, chiefly liver necrosis, were occasionally observed but seemed not to have been due to direct virus action. As in suckling mice infected with group A Coxsackie virus, no lesions were observed in the central or peripheral nervous system nor in the heart muscle. No lesions deemed specific were seen in the few specimens of chorioallantoic membranes examined.
Silent Total Dissection Of the Descending Aorta
Authors: Don Q. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dissecting aneurysms of the aorta usually occur with pain or neurologic deficits, or both.<sup>1,2</sup>While silent dissections are uncommon,<sup>2</sup>their recognition has been facilitated by the advent of angiography. We report herein an unusual case of dissecting aortic aneurysm. The patient was completely asymptomatic with a silent dissection extending from the left subclavian artery to the aortic bifurcation. The case illustrates the importance of angiograms to demonstrate apparently localized aneurysms. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 46-year-old white man was admitted when a routine x-ray film of the chest showed dilatation of the aortic arch. An x-ray film of the chest taken five years earlier had similar, less prominent changes. He had been involved in a rapid-deceleration aircraft accident seven years previously sustaining trauma to the anterior chest. He did not recall severe chest, back, or abdominal pain at that time. There was no history of
Fibrin glue as a protective biomembrane for a duodenal ulcer vessel
Authors: G. Germanidis, T. Papavramidis, K. Mantzoukis, K. Sapalidis, D. Divanis, I. Kalevrosoglou, E. Chassapopoulou, P. Nikolaidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Bleeding peptic ulcers are a common emergency, and contemporary endoscopic treatments include injection, thermal, and mechanical therapy [1]. We describe the use of fibrin glue as a protective biomembrane over a large, recently bleeding visible duodenal ulcer vessel and crater, at risk of perforation.
The Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome and Pseudo-Cushing’s States
Authors: John Newell-Price, Peter Trainer, Michael Besser, Ashley Grossman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1998)

I. Introduction II. Definitions and Etiology III. Diagnostic Overview IV. Clinical Features V. Biochemical Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome A. Cardinal features B. Urinary free cortisol (UFC) C. Low-dose dexamethasone testing D. Circadian rhythm assessment E. Cyclical Cushing’s syndrome VI. ACTH-Dependent vs. ACTH-Independent Cushing’s Syndrome VII. Differential Diagnosis of ACTH-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome A. Overview B. Basal testing C. Dynamic noninvasive testing D. Invasive testing VIII. Other Causes of Cushing’s Syndrome IX. Imaging A. Pituitary B. Adrenal C. Ectopic secretion X. Differentiation from Pseudo-Cushing’s States XI. Conclusions
Book: Regulating Medicines in Europe: Competition, Expertise and Public Health
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (2001)

John Abraham, Graham Lewis Routledge, £17.99, pp 243 ISBN 0 415 20878 5 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Of all areas of health policy, it is probably the provision of medicines that has the highest level of public involvement. It is, after all, the one branch where patients deliver their own treatment and where a powerful external player (the pharmaceutical industry) heavily influences practice. Medicines also cost more than any other health “commodity”—prescribed drugs now account for around 13% of the total NHS budget. For reasons such as these (and to some extent in response to the thalidomide disaster), more than 30 years ago the UK government introduced legislative control of the provision of medicines (their manufacture, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Erratum: CTCF-mediated functional chromatin interactome in pluripotent cells
Authors: Lusy Handoko, Han Xu, Guoliang Li, Chew Yee Ngan, Elaine Chew, Marie Schnapp, Charlie Wah Heng Lee, Chaopeng Ye, Joanne Lim Hui Ping, Fabianus Mulawadi, Eleanor Wong, Jianpeng Sheng, Yubo Zhang, Thompson Poh, Chee Seng Chan, Galih Kunarso, Atif Shahab, Guillaume Bourque, Valere Cacheux-Rataboul, Wing-Kin Sung, Yijun Ruan, Chia-Lin Wei
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Inhibition of calcitriol receptor binding to vitamin D response elements by uremic toxins.
Authors: S R Patel, H Q Ke, R Vanholder, R J Koenig, C H Hsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The genomic action of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) is mediated through the interaction of the calcitriol receptor (VDR) with vitamin D response elements (VDREs). Although renal failure is associated with resistance to the action of calcitriol, the mechanism of this resistance is not well understood. Therefore, we used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay to compare the ability of VDRs from normal and renal failure rats to bind to the osteocalcin gene VDRE. The results indicate that VDRs from renal failure rats have only half the DNA binding capacity as VDRs from control rats, despite identical calcitriol binding. Furthermore, incubation of normal VDRs with a uremic plasma ultrafiltrate resulted in a loss of > 50% of the binding sites for the osteocalcin VDRE. When VDRs bound to DNA as heterodimers with retinoid X receptors, the inhibitory effect of the uremic ultrafiltrate was due to a specific interaction with the VDR, not retinoid X receptors. In addition, uremic ultrafiltrate blocked calcitriol-induced reporter gene activity in transfected JEG-3 cells. Taken together, the results indicate that an inhibitory effect of a uremic toxin(s) on VDR-VDRE binding could underlie the calcitriol resistance of renal failure.
Histological Reactions to Injections of Procaine Penicillin in Oil
Authors: P. Story
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objectives</h3> To forecast the true growth of COVID-19 cases in Singapore after accounting for asymptomatic infections, we study and make modifications to the SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) epidemiological model by incorporating hospitalization dynamics and the presence of asymptomatic cases. We then compare the simulation results of our three epidemiological models of interest against the daily reported COVID-19 case counts across the time period from 23<sup>rd</sup> January to 6<sup>th</sup> April 2020. Finally, we compare and evaluate on the performance and accuracy of the aforementioned models’ simulations. <h3>Methods</h3> Three epidemiological models are used to forecast the true growth of COVID-19 case counts by accounting for asymptomatic infections in Singapore. They are the exponential model, SEIR model with hospitalization dynamics (SEIHRD), and the SEIHRD model with inclusion of asymptomatic cases (SEAIHRD). <h3>Results</h3> Simulation results of all three models reflect underestimation of COVID-19 cases in Singapore during the early stages of the pandemic. At a 40% asymptomatic proportion, we report basic reproduction number <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 3.28 and 3.74 under the SEIHRD and SEAIHRD models respectively. At a 60% asymptomatic proportion, we report <i>R</i><sub>0</sub> = 3.48 and 3.96 under the SEIHRD and SEAIHRD models respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Based on the results of different simulation scenarios, we are highly confident that the number of COVID-19 cases in Singapore was underestimated during the early stages of the pandemic. This is supported by the exponential increase of COVID-19 cases in Singapore as the pandemic developed.
ABC of vascular diseases. The young patient with claudication.
Authors: D T Reilly, J H Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1991)

All patients with intermittent claudication merit careful assessment, but the young claudicant patient in particular has much to gain from investigation, not only because an easily treatable lesion may be found but also because the Causes of intermittent claudication long term outlook may be improved if risk factors are recognised and * Atherosclerosis treated.* Thromboembolism Most patients with intermittent claudication present at between 55 and * Buerger's disease 60 years ofage, when the commonest cause is progression ofatherosclerosis.* Arteritis: In younger patients the other causes ofclaudication are proportionally more Systemic lupus erythematosus common.In this article we consider the patient who presents under the age Takayasu's disease of 50.* Fibrosis: A conservative approach is often appropriate for the older claudicant Retroperitoneal patient, particularly if clinical examination suggests a superficial femoral Radiation * Developmental anomalies: artery occlusion.Exercise, giving up smoking, and changes in the diet can Coarctation be effective, and the natural history of intermittent claudication is that only Persistent sciatic artery about a quarter of patients continue to deteriorate.This conservative course Popliteal entrapmentis not appropriate for the young claudicant patient, in whom the symptoms * Trauma more dramatically affect lifestyle, unusual diagnoses assume greater * Cystic adventitial disease importance, and thorough investigation of the arterial system should be encouraged.Extensive non-invasive investigation is now possible and less invasive methods of treatment are more accepted. DiagnosisIt is easy to overlook the symptoms in a 20 year old patient unless the possibility ofintermittent claudication is kept in mind.There are, however, several possible causes of true intermittent claudication in a young person, including popliteal entrapment, cystic adventitial disease, and Risk factors in the atherosclerotic developmental anomalies.Venous claudication should not be overlooked in claudicant the differential diagnosis: there is the typical "bursting" sensation after * Smoking walking that is relieved by raising the leg, and there is usually a history of * Diabetes mellitus injury or deep vein thrombosis.Atherosclerosis is common under the age of * Hypertensi o n 50, particularly among heavy smokers, but the diagnosis of atherosclerosis as the principal cause of symptoms in this age group should lead to a search * Hyperlipoproteinaemia for risk factors and associated disease; tere may well be a history of angina * Renal disease frrs atr n soitddsae hr a elb itr fagn * Family history of atherosclerosis or transient ischaemic attacks.Atherosclerotic claudication may later lead * Full blood count * Erythrocyte sedimentation rate * Serum concentrations of: Glucose Lipoproteins Triglycerides Urea Electrolytes * Analysis of urine * Chest radiography
Analysis of Roentgen Signs in General Radiology
Authors: William B. Seaman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This classic textbook of diagnostic radiology has been expanded from the two volumes of the previous edition to three volumes, 1,915 pages and 1,091 illustrations. The goal of these volumes, according to the author's preface, is to include as many roentgenographic signs as space would allow along with optimum illustrations, explanation of these signs, and a review of the literature. In general, the author has succeeded admirably and the result is a rather complete textbook of diagnostic radiology that is particularly well suited for the resident in radiology. This publication is perhaps too voluminous for the average medical student, but the volumes may be purchased separately. Volume 2, which covers the respiratory system and heart for example, might be the most pertinent volume for the medical student. The author does an admirable job in covering a vast amount of material in a terse, concise manner. The use of a technique
Eosinophil apoptosis and the resolution of airway inflammation in asthma.
Authors: K L Woolley, P G Gibson, K Carty, A J Wilson, S H Twaddell, M J Woolley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Asthma is accompanied by the accumulation of potentially damaging eosinophils within inflamed airways. How eosinophils may be removed from the airways is not clear. The phagocytic removal of eosinophils in vitro requires that they undergo apoptosis, a form of cell death. We postulated that eosinophil apoptosis may occur in vivo, promoting the removal of airway eosinophils and the resolution of inflammation in asthma. We examined eosinophil apoptosis in sputum samples obtained from 11 subjects during an asthma exacerbation and 2 wk after corticosteroid treatment of the exacerbation. Airway function improved following corticosteroid treatment, and eosinophilic inflammation subsided, with significant decreases occurring in the number of airway eosinophils and the percentage of activated eosinophils. The proportion of apoptotic airway eosinophils increased significantly following corticosteroid treatment, and eosinophil products were apparent within macrophages. Our findings indicate that eosinophil apoptosis is clinically relevant in asthma. Apoptosis may represent a mechanism that promotes the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.