tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone Therapy and Venous Thromboembolism Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Marianne Canonico, Emmanuel Oger, Geneviève Plu-Bureau, Jacqueline Conard, Guy Meyer, Hervé Lévesque, Nathalie Trillot, Marie-Thérèse Barrellier, Denis Wahl, Joseph Emmerich, Pierre-Yves Scarabin
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Oral estrogen therapy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in postmenopausal women. Transdermal estrogen may be safer. However, currently available data have limited the ability to investigate the wide variety of types of progestogen. Methods and Results— We performed a multicenter case–control study of VTE among postmenopausal women 45 to 70 years of age between 1999 and 2005 in France. We recruited 271 consecutive cases with a first documented episode of idiopathic VTE (208 hospital cases, 63 outpatient cases) and 610 controls (426 hospital controls, 184 community controls) matched for center, age, and admission date. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, odds ratios (ORs) for VTE in current users of oral and transdermal estrogen compared with nonusers were 4.2 (95% CI, 1.5 to 11.6) and 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4 to 2.1), respectively. There was no significant association of VTE with micronized progesterone and pregnane derivatives (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.9 and OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.3, respectively). In contrast, norpregnane derivatives were associated with a 4-fold-increased VTE risk (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5 to 10.0). Conclusions— Oral but not transdermal estrogen is associated with an increased VTE risk. In addition, our data suggest that norpregnane derivatives may be thrombogenic, whereas micronized progesterone and pregnane derivatives appear safe with respect to thrombotic risk. If confirmed, these findings could benefit women in the management of their menopausal symptoms with respect to the VTE risk associated with oral estrogen and use of progestogens.
The Pathologist’s Mean Grade Is Constant and Individualizes the Prognostic Value of Bladder Cancer Grading
Authors: Bas W.G. van Rhijn, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Bert C.M. Ooms, Wim J. Kirkels, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Egbert R. Boevé, Adriaan C. Jöbsis, Theo H. van der Kwast
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Microbiological diagnostic testing in the treatment of periodontal diseases
Authors: Peter M Loomer
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2004)

A variety of microbiological diagnostic tests are available for clinicians to use for evaluation of patients with periodontal disease. Each one has its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages, and probably the most useful information for the clinician can be obtained using a combination of the various analytic methods. The tests appear to have their greatest utility when used on patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis who do not respond favorable to conventional mechanical therapy. The major limitation of all microbiological tests is that the information obtained is relevant to the site sampled, and may not be representative of the microflora of the entire dentition. However, since it is often only specific sites that do not respond to initial therapy, knowing the constituents of the microflora that populate these sites is clinically relevant.
Hepatotoxic Effects of Tacrine Administration in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Paul B. Watkins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To characterize the hepatic effects of tacrine treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Controlled trials of tacrine therapy consisting of two blinded, parallel-group trials; three blinded, enrichment-design trials; and their respective open-label extensions.Multicenter clinical trials in the United States, France, and Canada.A total of 2446 men and women at least 50 years of age with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease of mild to moderate severity and in good health without significant hepatic, cardiovascular, or renal disease.Administration of tacrine vs placebo, with weekly measurement of serum hepatic enzymes.Incidence, maximum severity, and timing of event for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation.Among the 2446 patients who received tacrine in clinical trials, ALT levels greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN) occurred on at least one occasion in 1203 patients (49%), ALT levels greater than three times the ULN occurred in 621 patients (25%), and ALT levels greater than 20 times the ULN occurred in 40 patients (2%). The elevated ALT levels were generally asymptomatic and occurred more frequently in women than men. The mean time from initiation of tacrine treatment to first ALT level greater than three times the ULN was 50 days, and 90% of all initial ALT levels greater than three times the ULN occurred during the first 12 weeks of treatment. Of 145 patients who discontinued tacrine treatment because of an ALT level greater than three times the ULN and were rechallenged, 127 (88%) were able to resume long-term therapy with the drug. In all instances, discontinuing tacrine completely reversed elevations in ALT levels, and no deaths related to hepatotoxicity occurred.These data suggest that the potential for serious hepatic toxicity can be reduced through careful monitoring of ALT levels in patients who may benefit from tacrine therapy.
The Netherlands bans private stem cell therapy
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Dutch government has banned the “clinical application” of controversial stem cell therapy being offered by private clinics in the Netherlands for conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. 

The ban has been imposed as part of a new regulation on the transplantation of stem cells governing the way in which they are used to regenerate different tissue and organs—for example, in the heart, liver, or kidneys. 

The ministry of health describes such therapy as “promising,” with “possible applications” in the future for Parkinson's …
Dobutamine Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Edmund C. H. Keung
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The short-term response of combined dopamine hydrochloride-sodium nitroprusside therapy was compared with administration of dobutamine in eight patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by hypotension and severe left ventricular dysfunction. All patients were receiving dopamine before the study began. The addition of sodium nitroprusside increased cardiac index (Cl) from 1.94 +/- 0.490 to 2.22 +/- 0.48 L/min/sq m; decreased left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) from 28.9 +/- 3.5 to 19.9 +/- 3.3 mm Hg and mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) from 82.1 +/- 5.1 to 71.5 +/- 6.0 mm Hg. During dobutamine infusion, Cl, LVFP, and MAP were 2.33 +/- 0.31 L/min/sq m, 20.8 +/- 4.8 mm Hg, and 74.1 +/- 8.1 mm Hg, respectively. There was no statistical difference between short-term hemodynamic benefits produced by dobutamine or combined dopamine-sodium nitroprusside therapy. Dobutamine, a synthetic cathecholamine, provides a substitute for dopamine-sodium nitroprusside therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Dobutamine has the advantage of being a single agent and is therefore easier to administer.
Airway eosinophilic inflammation, epithelial damage, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with mild‐moderate, stable asthma
Authors: S. Oddera, M. Silvestri, A. Balbo, B. O. Jovovich, R. Penna, E. Grimi, G. A. Rossi
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic recruitment of eosinophils in the airways. Once activated, eosinophils release toxic products, including eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), able to damage airway epithelial cells. To test the hypothesis that also in mild‐moderate stable asthma, a significant eosinophil activation could occur, we studied 25 asthmatic patients (34 ± 19 years old), of whom 18 were allergic (27 ± 12 years) and seven nonallergic (42±10 years), with FEV 1 values ±70% of predicted, and eight normal volunteers (controls, 33 ±11 years). All subjects underwent methacholine (MCh) challenge on the first visit, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on the second visit (approximately 3–4 days later). BAL cells were counted and albumin (Alb) (as index of protein dilution in BAL fluid) and ECP levels (as index of eosinophil activation) in BAL fluid were measured. As compared to controls, a significant increase in BAL eosinophil and in BAL epithelial cell numbers was observed in asthmatic patients (P&gt;0.05, each comparison), with no differences between the two asthmatic patient subgroups. Detectable ECP levels (&gt;2 μg/1) were found in BAL of 18 asthmatic patients (14 allergic and four nonallergic asthmatic patients), while Alb levels were measurable in 25 BAL fluids and found to be similar in controls and asthmatic patients, and in the two asthmatic patient subgroups (P&gt;0.05, each comparison). In BAL of asthmatic patients, positive correlations were found between eosinophil numbers and 1) ECP/Alb levels ( r = 0.50, P = 0.020); 2) epithelial cell numbers (r = 0.S0, P = 0.014). In asthmatic patients, a significant negative correlation was found between bronchial reactivity to MCh (log Pd 15 ) and ECP/Alb levels in BAL fluid ( r =‐0.6, P = 0.005), whereas no correlation was found between log Pd 15 MCh and BAL eosinophil or epithelial cell number (P&gt;0.1, each correlation). These data suggest that bronchial eosinophil recruitment and activation may occur also in mild‐moderate stable asthma and that bronchial epithelium damage and airway responsiveness may be partially associated with the eosinophilic inflammatory reaction.
Effect of inhaled menthol on citric acid induced cough in normal subjects.
Authors: A H Morice, A E Marshall, K S Higgins, T J Grattan
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Menthol is a commonly used ingredient in many over the counter cough remedies, but there is little objective evidence as to its efficacy. METHODS--Twenty healthy subjects received a cough challenge consisting of five inhalations of 33 mumol citric acid from an air driven dosimeter. The challenge was repeated at hourly intervals for five hours. Five minutes before each challenge subjects inhaled, in a randomised design, either menthol 75% in eucalyptus oil or one of two placebos (pine oil or air). RESULTS--Menthol inhalation caused a reduction in evoked cough when compared with either placebo. CONCLUSIONS--Menthol is an effective antitussive agent in an evoked cough model.
A NEW OPERATION FOR THE MORE SATISFACTORY REPAIR OF THE PELVIC FLOOR, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RESTORATION OF THE DEEP NIDUS OF THE PERINEUM.
Authors: CHARLES A. L. REED
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The proper restoration of the pelvic floor implies not only the restoration of the injured structures to their continuity, but the re-establishment of their normal relations. The application of this principle implies, necessarily, a recognition of, first, the normal anatomy of the perineum, and second, the usual pathology of the injured structures. It would be manifestly out of place in this presence to consume either time or space by a presentation of the usual descriptive anatomy of the pelvic floor, but I feel that it is important to emphasize the well-established generalizations, viz.: <h3>THE STATUS OF THE PELVIC FLOOR.</h3> 1. The pelvic floor consists essentially of two muscular layers: (<i>a</i>) The first consists of the bulbo-cavernosis. the transversis perinei, the sphincter ani externus with filaments from the pubo-coccygeus, all blending to form the external nidus of the perineum. (<i>b</i>) The second consists of the ilio-coccygeus, the ischio-coccygeus and the pubo-rectalis,
Trauma: Emergency Surgery and Critical Care
Authors: Bernard Sigel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A comprehensive review of trauma would require the presentation of an overwhelming amount of information for the reader. For this reason, John Siegel has approached the subject by restricting the scope of his book to the surgical and critical care management of the adult trauma victim in the civilian setting of a developed, industrial society. Dr Siegel's book,<i>Trauma: Emergency Surgery and Critical Care</i>, includes contributions from more than 50 authors, many with international reputations in their fields. Authors from many fields and specialties are represented, including contributors from his own institution, the Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems, and other trauma and academic centers. As Dr Siegel points out, the book is not "an encyclopedic textbook that covers every conceivable topic of trauma care." The approach is to consider trauma from a basic science and clinical perspective emphasizing central themes. The book consists of eight sections on the
Fingerprint Changes and Verification Failure Among Patients With Hand Dermatitis
Authors: Chew Kek Lee, Choong Chor Chang, Asmah Johar, Othman Puwira, Baba Roshidah
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2012)

To determine the prevalence of fingerprint verification failure and to define and quantify the fingerprint changes associated with fingerprint verification failure.Case-control study.Referral public dermatology center.The study included 100 consecutive patients with clinical hand dermatitis involving the palmar distal phalanx of either thumb and 100 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls. Patients with an altered thumb print due to other causes and palmar hyperhidrosis were excluded.Fingerprint verification(pass/fail) and hand eczema severity index score.Twenty-seven percent of patients failed fingerprint verification compared with 2% of controls. Fingerprint verification failure was associated with a higher hand eczema severity index score (P.001). The main fingerprint abnormalities were fingerprint dystrophy (42.0%) and abnormal white lines (79.5%). The number of abnormal white lines was significantly higher among the patients with hand dermatitis compared with controls(P=.001). Among the patients with hand dermatitis, theodds of failing fingerprint verification with fingerprint dystrophy was 4.01. The presence of broad lines and long lines was associated with a greater odds of fingerprint verification failure (odds ratio [OR], 8.04; 95% CI, 3.56-18.17 and OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.31-4.27, respectively),while the presence of thin lines was protective of verification failure (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.89).Fingerprint verification failure is a significant problem among patients with more severe hand dermatitis. It is mainly due to fingerprint dystrophy and abnormal white lines.Malaysian National Medical Research Register Identifier: NMRR-11-30-8226
Case 25-1965
Authors: M YOELI
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Presentation of Case A sixty-year-old teacher of Russian was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the chest. Five weeks before admission pain, tenderness and swelling of the right calf developed; with locally applied warmth and elevation the symptoms gradually subsided. Three days before entry there was the onset of a dry cough accompanied by mild exertional dyspnea. Two days later she coughed up a small amount of bloodstained sputum. On the following day she became febrile and experienced pleuritic pain in the right anterolateral portion of the chest, and hemoptysis occurred. At the age of sixteen years she . . .
Improving the Linkages between Air Pollution Epidemiology and Quantitative Risk Assessment
Authors: Neal Fann, Michelle L. Bell, Katy Walker, Bryan Hubbell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Air pollution epidemiology plays an integral role in both identifying the hazards of air pollution as well as supplying the risk coefficients that are used in quantitative risk assessments. Evidence from both epidemiology and risk assessments has historically supported critical environmental policy decisions. The extent to which risk assessors can properly specify a quantitative risk assessment and characterize key sources of uncertainty depends in part on the availability, and clarity, of data and assumptions in the epidemiological studies.
Long-term intermittent urokinase therapy in patients with end-stage coronary artery disease and refractory angina pectoris: A randomized dose-response trial
Authors: Matthias Leschke, Frank-Chris Schoebel, Wolf-Gang Mecklenbeck, Dirk Stein, Thomas Walter Jax, Hans-Wilheim Müller-Gärtner, Bodo-Eckehard Strauer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
TCTAP A-169 Two-year Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Drug Eluting Stents in Diffuse Long Lesions; Comparison of 1st Generation Sirolimus Eluting Stent Versus 2nd Generation Everolimus Eluting Stent
Authors: Jeong-Hwan Cho, Chan-Hee Lee, Hyun-Wook Lee, Tae-Hun Kwon, Yoon-Jung Choi, Jang-Won Son, Sang-Hee Lee, Ung Kim, Jeon-Seon Park, Dong-Gu Shin, Young-Jo Kim, Han-Young Jin, Jae-Sik Jang, Tae-Hyun Yang, Doo-Il Kim, Pil-Sang Song, Sang-Hoon Seol, Kwon-Bae Kim, Seung-Ho Hur, Hyuck-Jun Yoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Norwegian doctors call for investigation into weapons used on Gaza
Authors: G. Fouche
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Israel is testing an “extremely nasty” type of weapon in Gaza, two Norwegian doctors have claimed on returning home on 13 January after spending 10 days working at a hospital in the Palestinian territory.

“There’s a very strong suspicion, I think, that Gaza is now being used as a test laboratory for new weapons,” said Mads Gilbert, head of emergency medical services at the University Hospital of North Norway, in Tromso. He told the BMJ about the injuries that he and his colleague Erik Fosse, head of the interventional centre at Rikshospitalet University Hospital in Oslo, had dealt with at Gaza’s Shifa hospital.

“We have not seen the casualties affected directly by the bomb because they are normally torn …
Molecular monitoring of acute myeloid leukemia associated with inv(16): threshold of CBFβ/MYH11 transcript copy number above which relapse occurs and below which continuous Complete Remission is likely
Authors: G Martinelli, S Buonamici, G Visani, M Malagola, P P Piccaluga, A Isidori, C Bosi, F Bonifazi, S Soverini, C Terragna, M Amabile, B Giannini, M Baccarani
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Threat perceptions and avoidance in recurrent dreams
Authors: A. Zadra, D. C. Donderi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Revonsuo argues that the biological function of dreaming is to simulate threatening events and to rehearse threat avoidance behaviors. He views recurrent dreams as an example of this function. We present data and clinical observations suggesting that (1) many types of recurrent dreams do not include threat perceptions; (2) the nature of the threat perceptions that do occur in recurrent dreams are not always realistic; and (3) successful avoidance responses are absent from most recurrent dreams and possibly nightmares. [Hobson et al.; Revonsuo]
Long term results of compression therapy alone versus compression plus surgery in chronic venous ulceration (ESCHAR): randomised controlled trial
Authors: Manjit S Gohel, Jamie R Barwell, Maxine Taylor, Terry Chant, Chris Foy, Jonothan J Earnshaw, Brian P Heather, David C Mitchell, Mark R Whyman, Keith R Poskitt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether recurrence of leg ulcers may be prevented by surgical correction of superficial venous reflux in addition to compression. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Specialist nurse led leg ulcer clinics in three UK vascular centres. <b>Participants</b> 500 patients (500 legs) with open or recently healed leg ulcers and superficial venous reflux. <b>Interventions</b> Compression alone or compression plus saphenous surgery. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes were ulcer healing and ulcer recurrence. The secondary outcome was ulcer free time. <b>Results</b> Ulcer healing rates at three years were 89% for the compression group and 93% for the compression plus surgery group (P=0.73, log rank test). Rates of ulcer recurrence at four years were 56% for the compression group and 31% for the compression plus surgery group (P&lt;0.01). For patients with isolated superficial reflux, recurrence rates at four years were 51% for the compression group and 27% for the compress plus surgery group (P&lt;0.01). For patients who had superficial with segmental deep reflux, recurrence rates at three years were 52% for the compression group and 24% for the compression plus surgery group (P=0.04). For patients with superficial and total deep reflux, recurrence rates at three years were 46% for the compression group and 32% for the compression plus surgery group (P=0.33). Patients in the compression plus surgery group experienced a greater proportion of ulcer free time after three years compared with patients in the compression group (78% <i>v</i> 71%; P=0.007, Mann-Whitney U test). <b>Conclusion</b> Surgical correction of superficial venous reflux in addition to compression bandaging does not improve ulcer healing but reduces the recurrence of ulcers at four years and results in a greater proportion of ulcer free time. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN07549334.
The Promise of Single-Embryo Transfer
Authors: Laura A. Schieve
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Worldwide, the use of assisted reproductive technology is increasing.13 The technology, which includes such treatments for infertility as in vitro fertilization, accounts for 2 to 3 percent of births in many European countries1 and approximately 1 percent of U.S. births overall, with higher proportions for states, such as Massachusetts, that mandate insurance coverage for the procedures.2 Enthusiasm for assisted reproductive technology, however, is tempered by concern about adverse sequelae among the children conceived with the use of these techniques, in particular those associated with multiple births. In the United States, because two or more embryos have been routinely transferred . . .
South Asian and European colitics show characteristic differences in colonic mucus glycoprotein type and turnover.
Authors: C S Probert, B F Warren, T Perry, E H Mackay, J F Mayberry, A P Corfield
Journal: Gut (1995)

South Asians in Britain have a high incidence of ulcerative colitis and a low incidence of colorectal cancer. The pattern of mucus production in 12 South Asian and 16 European colitics and a control group of 19 South Asians was studied. Three types of mucin were identified after organ culture of colonic biopsy specimens with a dual label of [3H]-glucosamine and sodium [35S]-sulphate: type A had a high [35S]:[3H] ratio and high incorporation ([3H] dpm/micrograms DNA &gt; 500); type B had a low ratio and high incorporation; and type C had low incorporation but with either high (C1) or low (C2) ratios. European colitic mucins show a significant reduction in the level of sulphation detected by mucin histochemistry with high iron diamine/Alcian blue staining, together with predominantly type B or C2 mucins (low sulphation). South Asian colitics showed histochemically normal patterns of high sulphation and largely type A and C1 mucins (high sulphation). There was no correlation of mucin type with disease activity index in either ethnic group. The appearance of apparently normal mucin in patients with ulcerative colitis may be a useful marker for the identification of a subgroup at low risk of colorectal cancer.
Aetiology of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: P. R. J. Burch, R. G. Burwell, N. R. Rowell
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Aetiology of Multiple SclerosisSIR,-By using a new method, recently referred to in your columns1 by Sir Macfarlane Burnet, we find that suspected idiopathic autoimmune disorders can be classified by statistical criteria into two categories.This division also corresponds, interestingly enough, to a fundamental anatomical distinction regarding the location of the target tissue.