tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
For-Profit African Clinics Underuse Oral Rehydration Therapy for Diarrhea
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Although oral rehydration can mean the difference between life and death for children with diarrheal illnesses, a new study suggests that for-profit clinics in sub-Saharan Africa may be more likely than large public hospitals to prescribe expensive treatments instead.
The plasma lipidomic signature of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Puneet Puri, Michelle M. Wiest, Onpan Cheung, Faridoddin Mirshahi, Carol Sargeant, Hae-Ki Min, Melissa J. Contos, Richard K. Sterling, Michael Fuchs, Huiping Zhou, Steven M. Watkins, Arun J. Sanyal
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Specific alterations in hepatic lipid composition characterize the spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which extends from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the plasma lipidome of NAFLD and whether NASH has a distinct plasma lipidomic signature are unknown. A comprehensive analysis of plasma lipids and eicosanoid metabolites quantified by mass spectrometry was performed in NAFL (n = 25) and NASH (n = 50) subjects and compared with lean normal controls (n = 50). The key findings include significantly increased total plasma monounsaturated fatty acids driven by palmitoleic (16:1 n7) and oleic (18:1 n9) acids content (P < 0.01 for both acids in both NAFL and NASH). The levels of palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitoleic acid to palmitic acid (16:0) ratio were significantly increased in NAFLD across multiple lipid classes. Linoleic acid (8:2n6) was decreased (P < 0.05), with a concomitant increase in gamma-linolenic (18:3n6) and dihomo gamma-linolenic (20:3n6) acids in both NAFL and NASH (P < 0.001 for most lipid classes). The docosahexanoic acid (22:6 n3) to docosapentenoic acid (22:5n3) ratio was significantly decreased within phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) pools, which was most marked in NASH subjects (P < 0.01 for PC and P < 0.001 for PE). The total plasmalogen levels were significantly decreased in NASH compared with controls (P < 0.05). A stepwise increase in lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolites 5(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 8-HETE, and 15-HETE characterized progression from normal to NAFL to NASH. The level of 11-HETE, a nonenzymatic oxidation product of arachidonic (20:4) acid, was significantly increased in NASH only.Although increased lipogenesis, desaturases, and LOX activities characterize NAFL and NASH, impaired peroxisomal polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and nonenzymatic oxidation is associated with progression to NASH.
THE TREATMENT OF YELLOW FEVER.
Authors: Robert D. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read to the Section on Practice of Medicine, etc.] In presenting this paper, I do not propose to announce any new or certain method for treating a case of yellow fever, or to collate an array of cases that would prove a definite plan to be invariably successful, but I will make some practical remarks on the management of yellow fever, most of which are the gleanings of actual experience in the yellow fever epidemics of 1873, 1875, 1878, and 1882. I wish to protest in advance against nihility and theoretical therapeutics, which find favor with some. There is such a process, or art, as treatment of yellow fever, and there is also much manœuvering called treatment, the perpetrators of which should be sent to Labrador or a colder region on the first news of an outbreak; and theorizing in general is of best service in a similar climate. It
The Roentgen Rays
Authors: G. M. Keevil
Journal: BMJ (1896)

Professor Oliver Lodge also sends a negative showing the position of a bullet in a wrist, but too late for publication this week.in regard to the newspaper reports describing the all.egedproduction of Roentgen photographs by means of the light emitted from paraffin lamps and bunsen burners it is not possible to speak at present.Suclh results seem very improbable, and uintil more is known about them and actual speci- incus (of the work done come to hand we must rest content with the reports.THE NEW KIND OF RADIATION.Sl1, -Should it be proved, as Sir Willoughby Wade has sugested, tlhalt the bactericidal rays of sunlight are identical withi lRoentgen's x rays, or even if they can be proved to be s.iniil.arini their ixuenetrating power without being actually of the same kinld, the fact will open up a wide field in therapeutics.For not only only is the tubercle bacillus destroyed 'by exposure, to suniliglht, but a number of other bacilli and pathogenic organisms of various kinds are similarly affected.It is iinterestinig to note that as long ago as i8881 Dr. R. L. Bowles recognised the interesting and important fact that in Alpine regions a peculiar plhoto-chemical effect was due to certain rays reflected from large areas on masses of sniow, and that these rays penetrated to a certain depth below the sur- face of the skin, causinig in summer severe sunburn, and in
Micrometastases: marker of metastatic potential or evidence of residual disease?
Authors: G C O'Sullivan, J K Collins, J Kelly, J Morgan, M Madden, F Shanahan
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Micrometastases within bone marrow have been shown to indicate a poor prognosis in patients with epithelial tumours. However, the degree to which micrometastases represent true residual disease or cell shedding and metastatic potential, is unclear. AIM: To explore whether micrometastases represent residual disease, bone marrow taken from carefully staged patients before and after (&gt; 6 months) "curative" resection of a primary gastrointestinal cancer was studied prospectively. PATIENTS/METHODS: Seventy two consecutive patients were studied; the only exclusions were patients with known overt metastatic disease at the time of surgery. Micrometastatic cells were quantified per 10(5) marrow cells by flow cytometry after staining for contaminant cytokeratin-18 positive cells. RESULTS: Micrometastases were detected preoperatively in 22% (16/72) of all patients, comprising 11 (23%) of 48 with colorectal cancer, five (33%) of 15 with gastric adenocarcinoma and none (0%) of nine with oesophageal squamous cancer. Although fewer metastatic cells were detected in postoperative bone marrow, and clearance of marrow deposits was evident in most patients, the persistence of micrometastases in five of 16 patients after resection, without evidence of tumour recurrence, indicates a subset with true residual disease. Detection of micrometastases postoperatively (persistent or newly developed) was significantly associated with development of overt metastases during the subsequent 12-18 months of follow up (nine of 19 patients) when compared with patients testing negative for micrometastases (eight of 53; p &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative detection of micrometastases may reflect either transient shedding of cells, metastatic potential or residual disease, but postoperative micrometastases indicate minimal residual disease. Identification of these patients is important because they may benefit from adjuvant therapy.
Frequency and avidity of specific antigen-binding cells in developing mice.
Authors: P D'Eustachio, G M Edelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

In order to analyze the development of antibody diversity in which the genes coding for the antigen-specific cells we have compared the binding of diverse antigens by cells in the fetal, neonatal, and adult mouse. Although the numbers of antigen-binding cells present in fetuses and young animals were smaller than in adults, no restriction could be detected in the varity of specificities expressed in the fetuses, either with respect to the kinds of antigens bound, or to the range of avidities of binding. Cells specific for each of the 11 antigens tested could be detected in the fetus only in the last 4 days before birth, at which time they appeared both in the liver and in the spleen. In all cases, these cells disappeared both in the liver and in the spleen. In all cases, these cells disappeared from the liver within a day of birth, but continued to increase in number in the spleen until adulthood...
Re: Stephen H. Culp, Paul F. Schellhammer, Michael B. Williams. Might Men Diagnosed with Metastatic Prostate Cancer Benefit from Definitive Treatment of the Primary Tumor? A SEER-Based Study. Eur Urol 2014;65:1058–66
Authors: Piet Ost, Alberto Briganti, Gianluca Giannarini
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Orthostatic Hypotension Predicts Mortality in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Kathryn M. Rose, Marsha L. Eigenbrodt, Rebecca L. Biga, David J. Couper, Kathleen C. Light, A. Richey Sharrett, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: Circulation (2006)

An association between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and mortality has been reported, but studies are limited to older adults or high-risk populations.We investigated the association between OH (a decrease of 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure or a decrease of 10 mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure on standing) and 13-year mortality among middle-aged black and white men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (1987-1989). At baseline, 674 participants (5%) had OH. All-cause mortality was higher among those with (13.7%) than without (4.2%) OH. After we controlled for ethnicity, gender, and age, the hazard ratio (HR) for OH for all-cause mortality was 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1 to 2.8). Adjustment for risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality and selected health conditions at baseline attenuated but did not completely explain this association (HR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.0). This association persisted among subsets that (1) excluded those who died within the first 2 years of follow-up and (2) were limited to those without coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, or fair/poor perceived health status at baseline. In analyses by causes of death, a significant increased hazard of death among those with versus without OH persisted after adjustment for risk factors for cardiovascular disease (HR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.7) and other deaths (HR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 2.8) but not for cancer (odds ratio = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.6).OH predicts mortality in middle-aged adults. This association is only partly explained by traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease and overall mortality.
Gelatin microspheres encapsulated with a nonpeptide angiogenic agent, ginsenoside Rg1, for intramyocardial injection in a rat model with infarcted myocardium
Authors: Hao-Ji Wei, Hang-Hsing Yang, Chun-Hung Chen, Wei-Wen Lin, Sung-Ching Chen, Po-Hong Lai, Yen Chang, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Control of Fertility
Authors: Malcolm L. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

In a recent issue of the Journal Gordis et al.1 described the results of an intensive program for contraception in a select group of young, unwed girls whose risk of unwanted pregnancy was high. Despite their risk and their request for contraceptive services, the median period of the girls' participation in the program during the two-year period of experience was only 12 months. With such a high "dropout" rate and a failure rate of 5 per cent who became pregnant one could view these results with despair and conclude that the effort was wasted. That this should not be the . . .
Hip Surgery and Venous Thrombosis: Effect of Anesthesia
Authors: Lex Schultheis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Hull et al<sup>1</sup>examines the effect of a mechanical countermeasure on the incidence of postoperative venous thrombosis, a frequent complication of total hip replacement. They point out that a purported mechanism of thrombosis is a reduction in perioperative venous blood flow in the lower extremities from muscular inactivity. Sequential intermittent leg compression presumably functions as an artificial muscle facilitating blood return to the heart. Hull et al conclude that this mechanical technique reduced the incidence of perioperative thrombosis, but they fail to report differences in anesthetic management that could have introduced statistical bias into their data. For example, general anesthetics with neuromuscular blockade and positive-pressure ventilation may impede venous return and contribute to vascular stasis. In contrast, major conduction anesthetics (eg, spinal, epidural) directly produce regional vascular dilatation and obviate the need for mechanical ventilation, perhaps augmenting venous blood flow. Some investigators have
Management of Chronic Pain
Authors: George L. Bohmfalk
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section of the July 15 issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Dr Leveque<sup>1</sup>asks about the wisdom of using long-term, daily injections of the narcotic analgesic nalbuphine hydrochloride (Nubain) for chronic posttraumatic low back pain. I was dismayed to read the consultant's opinion that "if all the nonnarcotic oral analgesics or their combinations have failed for this patient, I would think it reasonable to try... nalbuphine."<sup>1</sup>Such treatment will predictably create another nonproductive narcotic addict. Should not the consultant emphasize the overriding importance of avoiding chronic use of narcotics for nonmalignant pain and the likelihood that this patient's pain could be controlled, and the patient returned to a productive existence, through participation in a formal pain clinic? To resort to long-term parenteral narcotics is to deprive the patient of the gratifying progress made over the last 20 years in the understanding
Status of Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Eliot Corday
Journal: JAMA (1975)

DEBATE continues on whether aortocoronary bypass<sup>1</sup>is an appropriate procedure for treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. On the one extreme, enthusiasts indicate that the coronary bypass concept already appears to be the most important contribution of the decade, because it seems not only to give prompt relief of disabling symptoms, but also to extend life in certain subgroups. On the other extreme, pessimists contend that because new occlusive lesions often develop in the intrinsic coronary arteries or the saphenous vein forming the bypass, the obstructive disease process actually progresses and may accelerate. Taking an intermediate position, the majority of investigators agree that it is a procedure that improves the quality of life by relieving symptoms, but that the evidence that it may lengthen life is not yet convincing. Even though still debatable, coronary bypass surgery continues to attain increasing popularity because it is capable of providing an immediate
Long-term Treatment of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Children
Authors: L. Hradcova
Journal: BMJ (1963)

MBRmsH 1707 the summated Hodgkin's and lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma results previously shown separately.This is done in Table VII.The differences between the survival rates for the equivocal and unequivocal groups are not significant at the fifth, tenth, or fifteenth years.TABLE VI.-Comparison of Unequivocal and Equivocal Groups Age-corrected Clinical Group Survival Rate (%) Stage 5 Years 10 Years 15 Years Localized
Medical Education Meets Health Reform
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Examination for Health of All Athletes Replacing the Need for Gender Verification in International Sports
Authors: Arne Ljungqvist
Journal: JAMA (1992)

FOR DECADES, success in competitive international sports has been fostered to promote national prestige and even to support superiority of certain political systems. (The former German Democratic Republic is but one prominent example of a nation in which high-level competitive sports were explicitly chosen as a vehicle to enhance a newly formed nation's identity. Other countries naturally sought to meet the competition; thus, a quasi "arms race" in sports developed.) Given the great national prestige engendered and the considerable expenditures involved in international competitive sports, it is not surprising that individual athletes or even nations were unable to resist the temptation of using illicit methods to "win at all costs." One prominent example of cheating is doping, usually with drugs. Another type of cheating, namely, the possibility that men may masquerade as women in women's events, was widely discussed in the early 1960s. For editorial comment see p 853. To
Regional Brain Abnormalities in Schizophrenia Measured With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine general and regional indices of structural brain abnormality in schizophrenia.Case-control comparison study.Fifty-two patients diagnosed as having schizophrenia according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition, were compared with 90 healthy volunteers recruited from the community.Structural brain images were acquired using magnetic resonance; measurements were obtained using three-dimensional visualization of volume-rendered brains and an automated atlas-based dissection of specific regions. General measures included the volume of total brain tissue, total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and CSF within the ventricular system. Regional measures included the volume of tissue and CSF in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes and the cerebellum.Compared with the controls, the patients had a smaller average volume of total brain tissue and a greater average volume of total and ventricular CSF. A specific relative decrease in brain tissue was found only in the frontal lobes, although the volume of CSF was greater in patients than in controls in all brain regions.In addition to the generalized brain abnormalities observed in schizophrenia, a regional abnormality may be present in frontal regions. Since the frontal lobes integrate multimodality information and perform a variety of "higher" cognitive and emotional functions that are impaired in schizophrenia, the frontal abnormality noted is consistent with the clinical presentation of the illness. Impaired frontal function and a disruption in its complex circuitry (including thalamocortical projections) may explain why patients with schizophrenia often have significant deficits in formulating concepts and organizing their thinking and behavior.
REPORT OF OBSERVATIONS MADE UPON A CASE OF GASTROSTOMY.
Authors: M. F. COOMES
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The stricture of this child's esophagus was the result of swallowing concentrated lye nearly a year before he was operated upon. At the time of the operation Feb. 16, 1896, the stricture was impervious, not admitting the smallest bougie, and the child had not swallowed for six days. A modified Franck's operation was performed, and a rapid and uninterrupted recovery followed. The patient was five years of age. Some six weeks after the operation he began swallowing fluids, and is now able to swallow thick broths and take milk with mush or oatmeal, which shows that the cicatricial tissue is being rapidly absorbed. Observations with a view of determining the quantity and quality of fluid found in the stomach, were commenced on Oct. 10, 1896, at 12:45 P.M., and were made on the various dates given below in connection with the tests. The greatest length of time between the periods of
Fatty Infiltration of the Liver An Unusual Presentation
Authors: MARTIN JACOBS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 68-year-old woman was found to have a liver lesion in the quadrate lobe Identified by ultrasound and CT while undergoing examination for abdominal pain. The scans suggested diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver with relative sparing of the quadrate lobe. A planar liver spleen scan demonstrated normal results. However, SPECT imaging demonstrated relatively increased uptake in the quadrate lobe, thus supporting the diagnosis.
Female Gonadal Function Following Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIC) Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Haematological Malignancies.
Authors: Chara Kyriakou, Melanie Davies, Ratna Chatterjee, Anna Castleton, Kim Roberts, Andy Peniket, Stephen Mackinnon, Panagiotis D. Kottaridis
Journal: Blood (2006)
Celebrities Join Cancer Fight
Authors: J. Guest, C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Celebrities Join Cancer Fight Get access Joyce Guest, Joyce Guest Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 8, 18 April 1990, Pages 647–648, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.8.647 Published: 18 April 1990
Frank Ian Lee
Authors: Pamela Lee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Frank Ian Lee was born in Kenton, Middlesex. His father was an electrical engineer. He went to school at Merchant Taylors', Northwood. He was keen on games, particularly cricket, rugby, and squash. He was planning to go to the London School of Economics but had a change of mind in the army and was accepted at the London Hospital Medical School. He played for the hospital rugby team in four …
POLIOMYELITIS IN CHIMPANZEES
Authors: Dorothy M. Horstmann, Joseph L. Melnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The response of eighteen chimpanzees to poliomyelitis virus administered orally and cutaneously has been studied. There were no signs of weakness or paralysis in any of the animals. Sixteen of the eighteen (89 per cent) became infected as measured by intestinal carriage of virus. Only one of twelve was reinfected when challenged with an homologous (or homotypic) strain by the same routes, but seven of ten were reinfected on heterologous challenge. A correlation between the development of humoral antibodies and resistance to reinfection was demonstrated. During the course of these experiments, two chimpanzees acquired inapparent poliomyelitis by accidental contagion in the laboratory.
Treatment of Ischemic Limbs Based on Local Recruitment of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Producing Inflammatory Cells With Ultrasonic Microbubble Destruction
Authors: Junji Yoshida, Koji Ohmori, Hiroto Takeuchi, Kaori Shinomiya, Tsunetatsu Namba, Isao Kondo, Hideyasu Kiyomoto, Masakazu Kohno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Automated DNA sequencing and analysis of 106 kilobases from human chromosome 19q13.3
Authors: A. Martin-Gallardo, W. R. McCombie, J. D. Gocayne, M. G. FitzGerald, S. Wallace, B. M. B. Lee, J. Lamerdin, S. Trapp, J. M. Kelley, L-I. Liu, M. Dubnick, L. A. Johnston-Dow, A. R. Kerlavage, P. de Jong, A. Carrano, C. Fields, J. C. Venter
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)