tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebral palsy and neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: D Hall, G Gaffney, A Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Apoptotic dendritic cells (DCs) are ineffective at inducing immunity. Thus, parameters that regulate DC viability during a primary infection will help to determine the outcome of the subsequent immune response. In this regard, pathogens have developed strategies to promote DC apoptosis to counterbalance the nascent primary immune response. We demonstrate, using cultured bone marrow-derived DCs, that <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> can induce DC apoptosis through two distinct mechanisms: 1) a rapid, caspase-independent mechanism of apoptosis induction, critically dependent on bacterial expression of pneumolysin, and 2) a delayed-onset, caspase-dependent mechanism of apoptosis induction associated with terminal DC maturation. Delayed-onset apoptosis does not require bacterial internalization, but rather is triggered by the interaction of bacterial subcapsular components and bone marrow-derived DC (likely Toll-like) receptors acting in a myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent manner. In this regard, heavy polysaccharide encapsulation interferes with both DC maturation and apoptosis induction. In contrast, neither CD95/CD95 ligand interactions nor TNF-α appear to play a role in the delayed onset of apoptosis. These data are the first to define two mechanistically distinct pathways of DC apoptosis induction in response to an extracellular bacterium that likely have important consequences for the establishment of antibacterial immunity.
MEASURING CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN COMBINATION WITH HIGH-SENSITIVE C-REACTIVE PROTEIN PREDICTS HARD CORONARY EVENTS BEYOND FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE CATEGORIES - DATA FROM THE HEINZ NIXDORF RECALL STUDY
Authors: Stefan Mö;hlenkamp, Nils Lehmann, Susanne Moebus, Axel Schmermund, Nico Dragano, Marcus Bauer, Hagen Kälsch, Hagen Kälsch, Barbara Hoffmann, Andreas Stang, Martina Broecker-Preuss, Klaus Mann, Johannes Siegrist, Karl-Heinz Jö;ckel, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
5'-adenosine monophosphate is the neutrophil-derived paracrine factor that elicits chloride secretion from T84 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers.
Authors: J L Madara, T W Patapoff, B Gillece-Castro, S P Colgan, C A Parkos, C Delp, R J Mrsny
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Neutrophil transmigration across intestinal epithelia is thought to contribute to epithelial dysfunction and characterizes many inflammatory intestinal diseases.Neutrophils activated by factors, normally present in the lumen, release a neutrophilderived secretagogue activity to which intestinal epithelia re- spond with an electrogenic chloride secretion, the transport event which underlies secretory diarrhea.Using sequential ultrafiltration, column chromatographic, and mass and Raman spectroscopic techniques, neutrophil-derived secretagogue was identified as 5'-AMP.Additional studies suggested that neutro- phil-derived 5'-AMP is subsequently converted to adenosine at the epithelial cell surface by ecto-5'-nucleotidase and that aden- osine subsequently activates intestinal secretion through adeno- sine receptors on the apical membrane of target intestinal epithelial cells.These findings suggest that this ATP metabolite may serve as a neutrophil-derived paracrine mediator that con- tributes to secretory diarrhea in states of intestinal inflamma- tion.(
Role of ageing and coronary atherosclerosis in the development of cardiac fibrosis in the rabbit
Authors: A ORLANDI, A FRANCESCONI, M MARCELLINI, A FERLOSIO, L SPAGNOLI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Myocardial fibrosis contributes to the impairing of cardiac function and characterizes ageing, but is also a consequence of atherosclerotic ischemic disease. Since atherosclerosis is a slow progressive disease, which prevails in elderly populations, the aim of this study was to distinguish the contribution of ageing and atherosclerosis to cardiac fibrosis.Coronary atherosclerosis was induced in 5-6-year-old rabbits by a hyperlipemic diet for 9 months. Left ventricular (LV) collagen was quantified by densitometric analysis after Sirius-Red staining; an immunohistochemical investigation of the interstitium was also performed.Atherosclerosis was associated to a marked increase of left ventricular interstitial collagen with the appearance of fibrotic foci and a decrease of coronary vessel endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In fibrotic foci, abundant macrophages co-localized with transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFbeta-1)-positive myofibroblasts and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) positive microvessels (52.3+/-3.9%). In normocholesterolemic rabbits, ageing resulted in a fourfold increase of myocardial interstitial collagen, with alpha-smooth muscle actin and TGFbeta-1 negative fibroblasts and VCAM-1 positive microvessels (19.4+/-1.2%) without macrophages, suggesting a role of endothelial dysfunction in age-related fibrosis.There is a distinct difference between ageing and coronary atherosclerosis-induced cardiac fibrosis, although the effects may be cumulative. In the cascade of events leading to myocardial remodeling, reparative fibrosis with TGFbeta-1-positive myofibroblasts and interstitial inflammation were the major findings in atherosclerotic old rabbits, whereas with ageing alone, interstitial fibrosis with TGFbeta-1 negative fibroblasts and VCAM-1 positive microvessels prevailed.
Analysis of Loss of Heterozygosity in 399 Premalignant Breast Lesions at 15 Genetic Loci
Authors: Peter O'Connell, Vladimir Pekkel, D. Craig Allred, Suzanne A. W. Fuqua, C. Kent Osborne, Gary M. Clark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: Usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are risk factors for invasive breast cancer (IBC), suggesting that these lesions may be direct precursors of IBC. To identify genetic changes that may be important in the early development of precursor lesions and their progression to malignant or invasive disease, we examined 399 putative precursors (211 UDH, 51 ADH, 81 noncomedo DCIS, and 56 comedo DCIS) for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 15 polymorphic genetic loci known to exhibit high rates of loss in IBC. We also assessed the sharing of LOH by putative precursors and synchronous cancers. Methods: The polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze DNA from microdissected archival specimens. Results and Conclusions: In hyperplasias from noncancerous breasts (i.e., without DCIS and/or IBC in analyses of hyperplasias), LOH at any given locus was rare (range, 0%–15%), although 37% of UDH and 42% of ADH lesions showed loss for at least one locus, suggesting that the development of hyperplasias can involve many different tumor suppressor genes. In DCIS from noncancerous breasts (i.e., without IBC in analyses of DCIS), LOH was common, with 70% of noncomedo lesions and 79% of comedo lesions showing at least one loss. In DCIS, substantial rates of loss (up to 37%) were observed at loci on chromosomes 16q, 17p, and 17q, suggesting that inactivated tumor suppressor genes in these regions may be important in the development of noninvasive breast cancer. When DCIS lesions from cancerous and noncancerous breasts were compared, substantially more LOH was observed in the cancerous breasts at a few loci (on chromosomes 2p, 11p, and 17q), suggesting that genetic alterations in these regions may be important in the progression to invasive disease. Among specimens harvested from cancerous breasts, 37% of UDH, 45% of ADH, 77% of noncomedo DCIS, and 80% of comedo DCIS lesions shared LOH with synchronous cancers at one locus or more, supporting the idea that the putative precursors and the cancers are genetically related.
Repeated Cocaine Weakens GABAB-Girk Signaling in Layer 5/6 Pyramidal Neurons in the Prelimbic Cortex
Authors: Matthew Hearing, Lydia Kotecki, Ezequiel Marron Fernandez de Velasco, Ana Fajardo-Serrano, Hee Jung Chung, Rafael Luján, Kevin Wickman
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti–IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps
Authors: P GEVAERT, D LANGLOIDOLT, A LACKNER, H STAMMBERGER, H STAUDINGER, T VANZELE, G HOLTAPPELS, J TAVERNIER, P VANCAUWENBERGE, C BACHERT
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Liver Transplants Among US Veterans
Authors: William P. Gunnar
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Localized and Systemic Hypersensitivity Reactions to Human Seminal Fluid
Authors: I. LEONARD BERNSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Reaginic humoral antibodies to human seminal plasma were present in two women with systemic reactions. In one patient, IgE antibodies were demonstrated by direct skin tests, leukocyte histamine release, passive transfer to a nonallergic human recipient, the radioallergosorbent test, inhibition of the radioallergosorbent test and neutralization of passive transfer antibodies. A similar mechanism was established in the other case by direct skin tests and antigen-induced leukocyte histamine release. Sephadex G-100 fraction 2, derived from human seminal plasma, showed greater reaginic activity than other chromatographic fractions. Two other patients with histories of localized reactions did not develop humoral antibodies but did evince cell-mediated immunity to seminal fluid antigens. One patient with localized reactions also had significant titers of IgM and IgG sperm agglutinating antibodies to seminal plasma. Both reaginic and cell-mediated sensitization to human sperm extract were also observed in this series of patients. Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of all patients and their sexual partners showed a marked degree of shared histocompatibility locus antigens in members of each of two couples.
Pressure mounts for BMA to oppose health bill
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The BMA is facing mounting opposition to its policy of critical engagement with the government, with calls for the organisation to oppose the Health and Social Care Bill in its entirety.

The BMA’s emergency meeting on the bill, to be held on 15 March, is likely to see a heated debate over the union’s stance so far. Several motions have been submitted to the special representative meeting urging the union to actively oppose health secretary Andrew Lansley’s plans.

North East Regional Council has submitted a motion stating that, “the mutually reinforcing market based policies enshrined within the Health and Social Care Bill are ideologically driven and will undermine the founding principles of the NHS leading to increasing fragmentation and privatisation of the English NHS; and since these market based policies are the fundamental pillars of the bill and its objectives, we call upon the BMA to oppose the bill in its entirety.”

Clive Peedell, a consultant clinical oncologist, a BMA council member and co-chair of the NHS Consultants’ Association, told the …
Tracheal stricture following tracheostomy
Authors: P. B. Deverall
Journal: Thorax (1967)

Six cases of tracheal obstruction following tracheostomy are described in which surgical intervention was necessary. These occurred in a series of 104 tracheostomies. In adults the strictures have occurred at the site of pressure of the tracheostomy tube cuff. Management has been by excision of the stricture with end-to-end reconstruction. Tracheal narrowing in children has been of a different type, occurring at stomal level, and management has been more difficult.
Persistence of antibody after hepatitis B vaccine and the question of boosters
Authors: Edward Tabor
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Lu et al.1 document the waning of protective immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) in adolescents 15 years after receiving a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine manufactured in France, and they conclude that booster doses of the vaccine should be given. Levels of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) had fallen below the levels generally accepted as providing protection (≥10 mIU/mL) in 29.9% of subjects in a group of 78 children whose postvaccination anti-HBs had been documented. In a similar study,2 we documented the loss of protective anti-HBs in 33% of 101 children and adults 9 years after receiving a plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine manufactured in the United States. Although the concordance of these results with two different plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines (given in different concentrations on different dose schedules) might appear to justify extrapolation to recipients of other hepatitis B vaccines, this is not necessarily the case. Plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccines were entirely displaced by recombinant hepatitis B vaccines in the 1990s. Some differences exist in the chemical structure of the hepatitis B surface antigen used to manufacture recombinant vaccines compared with that used to manufacture plasma-derived vaccines. In addition, the characteristics and durability of antibodies made in response to different vaccines can differ. Only follow-up studies of antibody persistence in recipients of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines can demonstrate whether booster doses should be recommended for those who were vaccinated with recombinant vaccines. Edward Tabor*, * Office of Blood Research and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.
Impact of the intensity of the pretransplantation conditioning regimen in patients with prior invasive aspergillosis undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective survey of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: R. Martino, R. Parody, T. Fukuda, J. Maertens, K. Theunissen, A. Ho, G. J. Mufti, N. Kroger, A. R. Zander, D. Heim, M. Paluszewska, D. Selleslag, K. Steinerova, P. Ljungman, S. Cesaro, A. Nihtinen, C. Cordonnier, L. Vazquez, M. Lopez-Duarte, J. Lopez, R. Cabrera, M. Rovira, S. Neuburger, O. Cornely, A. E. Hunter, K. A. Marr, H. J. Dornbusch, H. Einsele
Journal: Blood (2006)
Stillbirth as risk factor for depression and anxiety in the subsequent pregnancy: cohort study
Authors: P M Hughes, P Turton, C D H Evans
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess women9s symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and the postpartum year in the pregnancy after stillbirth; to assess relevance of time since loss. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study with four assessments: in third trimester and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after birth. <b>Setting:</b> Outpatient departments of three district general hospitals; subjects9 homes. <b>Subjects:</b> 60 women whose previous pregnancy ended in stillbirth after 18 weeks9 gestation; 60 matched controls. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Depression and anxiety measured by Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, Beck depression inventory, and Spielberger state-trait anxiety scale. <b>Results:</b> In the third trimester women whose previous pregnancy had ended in stillbirth were significantly more depressed than control women (10.8 <i>v</i> 8.2; P=0.004) and had greater state anxiety (39.8 <i>v</i> 32.8, P=0.003) The difference was accounted for by those women who conceived less than 12 months after the stillbirth, who were also more depressed at 1 year. Results in those who conceived 12 months or more after stillbirth were similar to those in their controls at all points and showed lower trait anxiety 1 year post partum. One year after the birth 8% of control women and 19% of subjects scored high for depression (P=0.39), with most of the depression among the more recently bereaved (28% <i>v</i> 11%; P=0.18). In the women who had experienced stillbirth, depression in the third trimester was highly predictive of depression 1 year after subsequent birth (P≤0.0005). <b>Conclusion:</b>Vulnerability to depression and anxiety in the next pregnancy and puerperium is related to time since stillbirth, with more recently bereaved women at significantly greater risk than controls. As there are problems for mother and infant associated with high anxiety and depression during and after pregnancy, there may be advantage in waiting 12 months before the next conception.
On Intratympanic Injections in the Treatment of Chronic Dry Catarrh of the Middle Ear
Authors: A. Bronner
Journal: BMJ (1894)

ORN 8;5 it can account for many, and other circumstances, of which direct and carele s contact with the sick is the most important, will account for many others.It does not exclude the influence of local conditions upon the prevalence of cholera.The epidemic in Rassia has indeed furnished 4strong evidence that local conditions, such as elevation and -dampness of the soil, are important factors in the cholera problem.But to discuss this evidence here would be to enter upon the whole question of the etiology of cholera, and would far exceed the limits of tie pres -nt paper.
On the state of the public health.
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1989)

dose rather than malnutrition in the children. 6Vaccination gives substantial protection, reducing child mortality from the age of vaccination by at least 30%.7 A big difficulty in many countries is that up to the present measles immunisation cannot be given to children aged under 9 months.The World Health Organisation recommends, however, that in 1990 a high titre of the more immunogenic Edmonston-Zagreb vaccine should be made available.This concentrated vaccine will overcome residual maternal antibodies and may be used at the age of 6 months.8Unicef hopes to have supplies available for sub-Saharan Africa by the middle of 1990.What about other new vaccines?All the vaccines available were already in use as long ago as 1974.There are many exciting potentials for the improvement of existing vaccines and new vaccines against major killer diseases, but resources for the development of new vaccines are limited.Many countries allot half of their research resources to the military.Can we hope that a proportion of this could be deflected to research on saving children's lives?Even then, particularly at this time of year, we need to consider the saying, "The difference between children and adults is the size and complexity of the toys they play with."World wide there is an unholy alliance between the developers of adult toys and their manufacturers and the medical profession, and it is this that absorbs so much research money.In Britain we suffer from vociferous pressure groups wanting investment in a £10 million cyclotron, though there are grave doubts over its medical value and a cost benefit analysis that would be absurd.9Such monetary resources could save the lives of thousands of children.
Autosomal-dominant Alport syndrome: Natural history of a disease due to COL4A3 or COL4A4 gene
Authors: Chiara Pescucci, Francesca Mari, Ilaria Longo, Paraskevi Vogiatzi, Rossella Caselli, Elisa Scala, Cataldo Abaterusso, Rosanna Gusmano, Marco Seri, Nunzia Miglietti, Elena Bresin, Alessandra Renieri
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Do words go to sleep? Exploring consolidation of spoken forms through direct and indirect measures
Authors: Nicolas Dumay, M. Gareth Gaskell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

We address the notion of integration of new memory representations and the potential dependence of this phenomenon on sleep, in light of recent findings on the lexicalization of spoken words. A distinction is introduced between measures tapping directly into the strength of the newly acquired knowledge and indirect measures assessing the influence of this knowledge on spoken word identification.
A fast ventral stream or early dorsal-ventral interactions?
Authors: Digby Elliott, Luc Tremblay, Timothy N. Welsh
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Several lines of evidence indicate that rapid target-aiming movements, involving both the eyes and hand, can be biased by the visual context in which the movements are performed. Some of these contextual influences carry-over from trial to trial. This research indicates that dissociation between the dorsal and ventral systems based on speed, conscious awareness, and frame of reference is far from clear.
Autoantibodies in the sicca syndrome (primary Sjogren's syndrome).
Authors: K B Elkon, A E Gharavi, G R Hughes, H M Moutsoupoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

IgA and IgM rheumatoid factors as well as antibodies to Ro and La were measured in 37 patients with the sicca syndrome and 9 patients with Sjögren's syndrome secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. Positive results were found in 84% (IgA rheumatoid factor), 76% (IgM rheumatoid factor), 62% (Ro), and 50% (La) of patients with the sicca syndrome. There was no significant difference in the frequency of positive results in patients with glandular versus extraglandular disease. Antibodies to La invariably occurred in patients with antibodies to Ro. In addition, patients who were anti-Ro positive also had significantly higher IgA (p less than 0.05) and IgM (p less than 0.01) rheumatoid factor activity. Since 81% of the sicca patients were concordant for 3 of the 4 antibodies tested, production of these autoantibodies appears to be related.
LESION-SPECIFIC MEASUREMENTS ON NON-CONTRAST-ENHANCED CORONARY CT STRONGLY CORRELATE WITH PLAQUE BURDEN AND LUMINAL SIZE BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Jesus Gustavo, Vazquez Figueroa, Parag H. Joshi, Eric Krivitsky, Sarah Rinehart, Zhen Quian, Ayesha Shaukat, Idean B. Marvasty, Szilard Voros
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reading Disorders: A Multidisciplinary Symposium
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Most physicians seeing the title of this book will think, "This is no concern of mine. It's meant for teachers and psychologists." Actually, reading disorders should concern many doctors. Out of approximately 2,000,000 school beginners each year, more than 300,000 will be retarded readers and their reading difficulty may have disastrous effect on their personalities, career, and mental health. Sooner or later, family physicians, pediatricians, otologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists will be called upon to try to solve their problems. This book reports a symposium sponsored by the University of California. Pediatricians explain the importance of reading disorders and discuss the identification and evaluation of cases. Psychologists describe the tests they may use for diagnosis, and some of the variations in individual development. An ophthalmologist considers visual problems and points out that poor visual acuity is rarely the cause of difficulty in learning to read. The role of both hereditary