tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Motorcycle Syndrome
Authors: ARMAND M. NICHOLI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author presents findings of an in-depth study of nine accident-prone motorcyclists and outlines a previously undescribed syndrome in an attempt to elucidate the psychological causes of the rapidly rising rate of motorcycle accidents and deaths. Examining the reasons why the motorcycle is particularly dangerous to these patients, the author explores the specific ego defect common to them, their adaptive and defensive use of the cycle, the cycle's symbolic meaning, and the unconscious conflicts it reactivates. He also suggests that this syndrome gives clues to understanding accident-prone drivers of other motor vehicles.
Spontaneous Bacterial Myositis
Authors: Paul H. Altrocchi
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Spontaneous bacterial myositis is a relatively common affliction in the tropics but, for unknown reasons, is rare in temperate climates. Because of its rarity, correct diagnosis may be delayed. Patients have localized muscle pain, swelling, and tenderness, with or without fever. Antibiotics and surgery usually yield excellent results, but the condition can be fatal.
Erratum to “Inhibition of multiple gene expression and virus replication of HBV by stable RNA interference in 2.2.15 cells” [J Hepatol 44 (2006) 663–670]
Authors: Xiangrong Ren, Guangbin Luo, Zhenhui Xie, Lingjun Zhou, Xiangping Kong, Anlong Xu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Diagnostic approach to a patient with atypical Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: J. Shin, J. Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

We read with great interest the recent contribution by Uza et al. [1]. They reported an 81-year-old man who presented with hematochezia and hemorrhagic ascites, but with no abdominal pain or skin rash. Initial duodenoscopy and colonoscopy demonstrated multiple ulcers and nonspecific inflammation. Palpable purpura developed 8 days later, and hematochezia and renal function rapidly worsened and did not respond to methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT), leading to death. IgA depositions on the small vessels of the duodenum and ileum were demonstrated on the autopsy specimens. The authors regarded this patient as having atypical Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) due to old age at onset, delayed appearance of characteristic purpura, an absence of abdominal pain, and the presence of hemorrhagic ascites; they wondered why the jejunum could be spared despite systemic vasculitis.
Kidney disease among the Zuni Indians: The Zuni Kidney Project
Authors: Marina Scavini, Vallabh O. Shah, Christine A. Stidley, Francesca Tentori, Susan S. Paine, Antonia M. Harford, Andrew S. Narva, David S. Kessler, Arlene Bobelu, Carleton P. Albert, Jeanette Bobelu, Eunice Jamon, Kathy Natachu, Donica Neha, Thomas K. Welty, Jean W. MacCluer, Philip G. Zager
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Abstract A40: Association between smoking status and free, total, and percent free prostate-specific antigen
Authors: Jun Li, Trevor Thompson, Djenaba Joseph, Viraj Master
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: There are scant data available on the relationship between smoking and total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and percent-free PSA (%fPSA). Given the high prevalence of smoking and frequency of PSA screening, it is important to determine any association between smoking and PSA values using nationally representative data. Materials and Methods: Included in the final study population were 3,820 men aged ≥40 years who participated in the 2001-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and met eligibility criteria for PSA testing. The distributions of tPSA, fPSA, and %fPSA were estimated by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Multivariate linear regression models were fit to determine the adjusted relationship between smoking and tPSA and %fPSA while controlling for these characteristics simultaneously. Results: For all ages combined, the median tPSA and fPSA were 0.90 (0.81–0.90) ng/ml and 0.26 (0.25–0.28) ng/ml, respectively. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that tPSA was 7.9% and 12.2% lower among current and former smokers, respectively, than that among never smokers. High body mass index and diabetes were also statistically significantly associated with lower tPSA level. About one third of the men had a %fPSA&amp;lt;25. Current smokers had significantly lower %fPSA compared with former smokers. Conclusions: Our findings that smoking is inversely associated with tPSA may have potential implications for the interpretation of PSA levels in men who are current or former smokers. Given the high prevalence of smoking, obesity, and diabetes, additional research on the combined effect of these health risk factors is warranted. Citation Format: Jun Li, Trevor Thompson, Djenaba Joseph, Viraj Master. Association between smoking status and free, total, and percent free prostate-specific antigen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A40.
Press: Smothering the truth
Authors: R. Persaud
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Did the NHS fail Sarah Lawson?

The story of the killing of Sarah Lawson by her father was on the front page of two of the biggest selling newspapers and featured prominently in all the others. It dominated broadcast news bulletins, and there were interviews with the distressed mother, Karen Lawson, on the BBC Radio 4 Today programme and on BBC2's Newsnight .

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Sarah Lawson (above): NHS did not simply turn its back on her, says her mother (right)

On May 15, the Express front page headline screamed: “The day I had to kill my darling daughter.” Beneath it was the following paragraph: “Sarah Lawson, 22, had begged him [James Lawson] to end her torment after she was repeatedly failed …

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Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Long-term Efficacy of Carvedilol in Patients With Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Henry Krum, Jonathan D. Sackner-Bernstein, Rochelle L. Goldsmith, Marrick L. Kukin, Brian Schwartz, Joshua Penn, Norma Medina, Madeline Yushak, Evelyn Horn, Stuart D. Katz, Howard R. Levin, Gerald W. Neuberg, Greg DeLong, Milton Packer
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Clinical trials have shown that β-adrenergic blocking drugs are effective and well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate heart failure, but the utility and safety of these drugs in patients with advanced disease have not been evaluated. Methods and Results We enrolled 56 patients with severe chronic heart failure into a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the vasodilating β-blocker carvedilol. All patients had advanced heart failure, as evidenced by a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.16±0.01 and a mean maximal oxygen consumption of 13.6±0.6 mL · kg −1 · min −1 despite digitalis, diuretics, and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (if tolerated). After a 3-week, open-label, up-titration period, 49 of the 56 patients were assigned (in a double-blind fashion using a 2:1 randomization) to receive either carvedilol (25 mg BID, n=33) or matching placebo (n=16) for 14 weeks, while background therapy remained constant. Hemodynamic and functional variables were measured at the start and end of the study. Compared with the placebo group, patients in the carvedilol group showed improved cardiac performance, as reflected by an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction ( P =.005) and stroke volume index ( P =.010) and a decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure, mean right atrial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance ( P =.003, .002, and .017, respectively). In addition, compared with placebo, patients treated with carvedilol benefited clinically, as shown by an improvement in symptom scores ( P =.002), functional class ( P =.013), and submaximal exercise tolerance ( P =.006). The combined risk of death, worsening heart failure, and life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia was lower in the carvedilol group than in the placebo group ( P =.028), but carvedilol-treated patients had more dizziness and advanced heart block. Conclusions Carvedilol produces clinical and hemodynamic improvement in patients who have severe heart failure despite treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
Reproducible Induction of Early Afterdepolarizations and Torsade de Pointes Arrhythmias by <i>d</i> -Sotalol and Pacing in Dogs With Chronic Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Marc A. Vos, S. Cora Verduyn, Anton P.M. Gorgels, Gyorgyi C. Lipcsei, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Abstract It has been well established that antiarrhythmic drugs can also have proarrhythmic effects such as torsade de pointes (TdP) arrhythmias. It was the purpose of this study to create an animal model with a high incidence of reproducible TdP that occurs under clinically relevant circumstances. Experiments were performed in anesthetized dogs that had been in chronic atrioventricular block for 9±6 weeks. TdP inducibility was attempted using different pacing modes before and after the administration of 2 mg/kg d -sotalol. In some experiments, endocardial monophasic action potentials were recorded. d -Sotalol increased the cycle length of the idioventricular rhythm (1475±460 to 1730±570 ms, P &lt;.01) and the QT time (390±65 to 480±85 ms, P &lt;.01). In 10% of the experiments, spontaneous TdP occurred after d -sotalol. The incidence of pacing-dependent TdP was 52% ( P &lt;.01). In the inducible group, the cycle length of idioventricular rhythm and QT time were significantly longer despite equal percentage increases in these parameters after d -sotalol in both groups. The pacing modes consisting of more than one frequency change had a higher TdP induction rate ( P &lt;.05). Reproducibility of TdP induction (three times or more using the same pacing train) remained present for approximately 60 minutes after d-sotalol and was greater than 90% within the same animal over weeks. TdP induction was related to the presence of early afterdepolarizations on the monophasic action potential recordings: five of six in the inducible group versus two of six in the nonresponders. Inducibility could be further increased to 89% when a second bolus of d -sotalol was administered to noninducible dogs. On the other hand, decreasing QT time by faster basic pacing or administration of isoproterenol, or MgSO 4 prevented TdP induction. This effect of MgSO 4 coincided with the disappearance of early afterdepolarizations. Our animal model shows a high incidence of reproducible acquired TdP arrhythmias, allowing study of the mechanism and treatment of TdP. TdP induction was related to the combination of a slow ventricular rate, the prolongation of QT time, a sudden induced rate change that often required two or more cycle length changes, and the presence of early afterdepolarizations.
GMC clears Alder Hey doctor of dishonesty
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The first doctor to face the General Medical Council over the Alder Hey organ debacle was last week cleared of “inappropriate, unprofessional, and dishonest” behaviour.

Over a thousand families discovered in 1999 that their children's organs had been removed and stored by the hospital without their permission. Many conducted second and even third funerals.

Dr Andrew Selby, aged 43, a consultant paediatrician, was accused of lying to the parents of a baby boy who died at the hospital about the nature of a postmortem examination for which he asked their consent.

Owen Williams, who was born with several serious medical problems, died suddenly in the paediatric intensive care unit in January 1999. Dr Selby asked his parents, Julie Wilkinson and Nick Williams, to sign …
Is Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction in the Elderly Associated with Depression or Cognitive Dysfunction?
Authors: Lesley M. Roberts, Helen Pattison, Andrea Roalfe, Jayne Franklyn, Sue Wilson, F.D. Richard Hobbs, James V. Parle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Widespread use of automated sensitive assays for thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) has increased identification of mild thyroid dysfunction, especially in elderly patients. The clinical significance of this dysfunction, however, remains uncertain, and associations with cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety are unconfirmed.To determine the association between mild thyroid dysfunction and cognition, depression, and anxiety in elderly persons.Cross-sectional study. Associations were explored through mixed-model analyses.Primary care practices in central England.5865 patients 65 years of age or older with no known thyroid disease who were recruited from primary care registers.Serum TSH and free thyroxine (T4) were measured. Depression and anxiety were assessed by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and cognitive functioning was established by using the Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State and the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination. Comorbid conditions, medication use, and sociodemographic profiles were recorded.295 patients met the criteria for subclinical thyroid dysfunction (127 were hyperthyroid, and 168 were hypothyroid). After confounding variables were controlled for, statistically significant associations were seen between anxiety (HADS score) and TSH level (P = 0.013) and between cognition and both TSH and free T4 levels. The magnitude of these associations lacked clinical relevance: A 50-mIU/L increase in the TSH level was associated with a 1-point reduction in the HADS anxiety score, and a 1-point increase in the Mini-Mental State Examination score was associated with an increase of 50 mIU/L in the TSH level or 25 pmol/L in the free T4 level.Because of the low participation rate, low prevalence of subclinical thyroid dysfunction, and other unidentified recruitment biases, participants may not be representative of the elderly population.After the confounding effects of comorbid conditions and use of medication were controlled for, subclinical thyroid dysfunction was not associated with depression, anxiety, or cognition.
A Novel Bioluminescent Mouse Model and Effective Therapy for Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Sherry T. Shu, Murali V.P. Nadella, Wessel P. Dirksen, Soledad A. Fernandez, Nanda K. Thudi, Jillian L. Werbeck, Michael D. Lairmore, Thomas J. Rosol
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Adult T-cell /lymphomaleukemia (ATLL) is caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Approximately 80% of ATLL patients develop humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), a life-threatening complication leading to a poor prognosis. Parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) are important factors in the pathogenesis of HHM in ATLL and the expression of PTHrP can be activated by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). NF-κB is constitutively activated in ATLL cells and is essential for leukemogenesis including transformation of lymphocytes infected by HTLV-1. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of NF-κB disruption by a proteasomal inhibitor (PS-341) and osteoclastic inhibition by zoledronic acid (Zol) on the development of ATLL and HHM using a novel bioluminescent mouse model. We found that PS-341 decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and down-regulated PTHrP expression in ATLL cells in vitro. To investigate the in vivo efficacy, nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice were xenografted with ATLL cells and treated with vehicle control, PS-341, Zol, or a combination of PS-341 and Zol. Bioluminescent imaging and tumor cell count showed a significant reduction in tumor burden in mice from all treatment groups. All treatments also significantly reduced the plasma calcium concentrations. Zol treatment increased trabecular bone volume and decreased osteoclast parameters. PS-341 reduced PTHrP and MIP-1α expression in tumor cells in vivo. Our results indicate that both PS-341 and Zol are effective treatments for ATLL and HHM, which are refractory to conventional therapy. [Cancer Res 2007;67(24):11859–66]
p53, chemokines, and squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: David M. Owens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

The genetic and epigenetic events underlying cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have been actively studied; however, no resulting preventative or therapeutic strategies have successfully targeted this lesion, apart from surgery. In this issue of the JCI, two novel regulators of SCC pathogenesis are introduced, gain-of-function mutations in the p53 gene, reported by Caulin et al., and chemokine sequestration by the D6 receptor, reported by Nibbs et al. (see the related articles beginning on pages 1884 and 1893, respectively). These studies provide new twists and insights into the development of this potentially lethal disease.
THE CHARACTERIZATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL TOXINS
Authors: Surendra Kumar, Robert K. Lindorfer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The continuous flow paper electrophoretic methods used to isolate alpha hemolysin are presented. The purity of the alpha hemolysin preparation is demonstrated by double agar diffusion, immunoelectrophoretic, and ultracentrifugation techniques. Indirect evidence of purity is provided by the fact that rabbits immunized with purified alpha hemolysin produced detectable antibody only to alpha hemolysin. Direct support is given to the "unitarian theory" by the demonstration that purified alpha hemolysin also possessed dermonecrotic, lethal, and leucocidal activities. Further studies dependent on the availability of purified alpha hemolysin are outlined.
Prognostic Significance of Molecular Markers and Extent of Resection in Primary Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Jörg Felsberg, Marion Rapp, Simon Loeser, Rolf Fimmers, Walter Stummer, Matthias Goeppert, Hans-Jacob Steiger, Britta Friedensdorf, Guido Reifenberger, Michael C. Sabel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Despite multimodal aggressive treatment glioblastoma patients still face a rather poor prognosis. Recent data indicate that certain molecular markers, in particular MGMT promoter hypermethylation, are associated with response to alkylating chemotherapy and longer survival. The clinical significance of other glioblastoma-associated molecular aberrations and their relationship to MGMT promoter hypermethylation is still poorly understood. Experimental Design: We conducted a translational study involving 67 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients treated at our institution from 1998 to 2004. All patients were treated by open resection, followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. The tumors were investigated for MGMT promoter methylation, mRNA and protein expression, as well as presence of MGMT sequence polymorphisms. In addition, we screened for genetic aberrations of the EGFR, TP53, CDK4, MDM2, and PDGFRA genes as well as allelic losses on chromosomal arms 1p, 10q, and 19q. Results: Correlation of molecular findings with clinical data revealed significantly longer time to progression after onset of chemotherapy and longer overall survival of patients with MGMT-hypermethylated tumors. In contrast, MGMT protein expression, MGMT polymorphisms, and aberrations in any of the other genes and chromosomes were not significantly linked to patient outcome. Multivariate analysis identified MGMT promoter hypermethylation and near-complete tumor resection as the most important parameters associated with better prognosis. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insights into the significance of molecular and clinical markers in predicting the prognosis of glioblastoma patients, which may improve stratification of patients into distinct prognostic subgroups. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(20):6683–93)
Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Harold S. Nelson, George Bensch, Warren W. Pleskow, Rachael DiSantostefano, Sidney DeGraw, David S. Reasner, Thomas E. Rollins, Paul D. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Reduction in hematopoietic stem cell numbers with in vivo drug selection can be partially abrogated by HOXB4 gene expression
Authors: N Sawai, D.A Persons, S Zhou, T Lu, Brian P Sorrentino
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

In vivo selection of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) offers an approach to enrichment of genetically modified blood cells in the context of gene therapy for blood disorders. We have previously demonstrated efficient HSC selection in mice using retroviral vectors expressing dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) drug resistance genes. In this study, we examined whether drug selection was followed by subsequent HSC regeneration and, if not, whether regeneration could be augmented by enforced expression of HOXB4, which has previously been shown to enhance HSC regeneration after transplant. Using a murine competitive repopulation model, we found that selection using either the DHFR or the MGMT system was accompanied by a significant overall reduction in repopulating activity in secondary transplant assays, although hematopoiesis remained normal after recovery. Inclusion of a HOXB4 expression cassette in the DHFR vector resulted in a partial restoration of HSC numbers following selection and was associated with an increase in HSC selection efficiency. These results illustrate that while drug resistance vectors can protect transduced HSC from cytotoxic drugs, the self-renewal capacity of transduced HSCs is limited following in vivo selection. Strategies that increase self-renewal capacity could increase the efficiency and safety of in vivo selection.
Conservation of hotspots for recombination in low-copy repeats associated with the NF1 microdeletion
Authors: Thomas De Raedt, Matthew Stephens, Ine Heyns, Hilde Brems, Daisy Thijs, Ludwine Messiaen, Karen Stephens, Conxi Lazaro, Katharina Wimmer, Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki, Dominique Vidaud, Lan Kluwe, Peter Marynen, Eric Legius
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Race, ethnicity, culture, and science
Authors: K J McKenzie, N S Crowcroft
Journal: BMJ (1994)

concern about the added effects of ozone depletion, the recommendations in the consensus statement seem a reasonable position to take.They should be promoted in a way that suggests that people can still enjoy outdoor activities while reducing their sunlight exposure.The recommendations will do little harm at the least and should have the potential to reduce the incidence of what is now becoming a public health problem in many countries throughout the world.
Results of the Removal of Malignant Colonic Polyps
Authors: V.D. Fedorov, V.P. Strekalovsky, L.L. Kapuller, M.V. Khakhanova
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Two-hundred-and-twenty-six patients, aged 26 to 80, had 238 malignant polyps removed. According to the WHO classification, only those lesions in which invasive growth is detected, are termed malignant polyps. Immediately after receiving the histological report, eight patients were operated on. Later, over periods of up to 18 months following the removal of polyps, eight more patients were operated upon for recurrences. The results of follow-up over periods of up to 10 years indicate the efficiency of endoscopic removal of malignant polyps irrespective of the grade of the invasive growth. Taking their experience as a basis, the authors suggest that the plan of approach to further stages of treatment should be based not on the pathological findings in the removed polyps, but on the results of regular follow-up of the patients.