tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
White Matter Hyperintensities and Gray Matter Lesions in Physically Healthy Depressed Subjects
Authors: Eric Lenze, DeWitte Cross, Daniel McKeel, Rosalind J. Neuman, Yvette I. Sheline
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies reported that depressed subjects had more white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging scans than control subjects, but the subjects had cerebrovascular disease risk factors. This study used subjects with a history of recurrent major depression and matched comparison subjects, screened to exclude cerebrovascular disease risk factors, to determine whether depressed subjects had more white matter hyperintensities and other lesions. METHOD: A semiautomated volumetric computer program was used to compare numbers and volumes of white matter hyperintensities, basal ganglia lesions, and total lesions in 24 women with a history of recurrent major depression and 24 comparison subjects case-matched on age and education and group-matched on height. In addition, images were measured with the use of a validated categorical scale. All subjects were screened to exclude cerebrovascular disease risk factors. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the total volumes or total numbers of lesions. However, multiple linear regression showed a significant correlation of age and depression with number of lesions; this was accounted for by a greater number of small lesions (diameter≤0.4 cm). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cerebrovascular disease risk factors most likely mediated the relationship between depression and white matter hyperintensities seen in previous studies. However, the independent effect of depression, as well as an age-by-depression interaction, for small lesions suggests a causal role of depression in certain types of white matter pathology irrespective of other cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The volumetric method used in this study may be more sensitive than other methods in determining lesion characteristics and correlations with clinical variables.
Drugs, Developing World
Authors: Thomas A. Faunce
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>A Quebec Village Street, Winter</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
T lymphocyte differentiation in vitro from adult human prethymic CD34+ bone marrow cells.
Authors: G E Tjønnfjord, O P Veiby, R Steen, T Egeland
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Pluripotent lymphohematopoietic stem cells are probably confined to bone marrow cells expressing CD34 surface molecules. To investigate the capacity of adult human CD34+ bone marrow cells to differentiate along the T lymphoid lineage, we plated purified CD34+ cells from healthy adults in liquid culture on adherent thymic stromal cells prepared from HLA- or blood group-mismatched postnatal thymic tissue. We show that purified CD34+CD3-CD4-CD8- bone marrow cells contained progenitors with the ability to differentiate into CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing surface (s)CD3 and T cell receptor alpha/beta in vitro. These progenitors were found in the CD34+CD2+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2+CD7+sCD3-CD4-CD8-, as well as in the CD34+CD2-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, CD34+CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8-, and CD34+CD2-CD7-sCD3-CD4-CD8- subsets, indicating that T lymphocyte progenitors sensitive to signals mediated by thymic stroma in vitro are not restricted to CD34+ cells already coexpressing early T lymphocyte-associated markers. Finally, we show that T lymphopoiesis was enhanced by c-kit ligand.
New York's junior doctors work illegally long hours
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Junior doctors in New York State routinely work in excess of the state's legal limits, according to a survey released by the New York State Department of Health.

The survey was based on surprise visits made by health department inspectors at 12 teaching hospitals in New York over a period of four days. It was the first investigation into residents' working hours since limits were placed on the working week in 1989. Overall, 563 resident doctors were interviewed, 211 …
THE UVULA AND ITS SINS
Authors: ADRIAN F. BURKARD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The uvula is so inconspicuous and innocent looking that its importance as a trouble maker is too often overlooked. <h3>Case 1.—</h3> One night about 11:30 o'clock a man, aged 50, came into my office complaining that a large piece of hot potato, which he had tried to swallow without sufficient mastication at supper time, had lodged in his throat. An examination revealed no potato, but did reveal an elongated uvula, which hung down on his epiglottis, causing, I judged, the disagreeable sensation. One snip of a tonsillotome removed the uvula, and with it the hot potato sensation, immediately and forever. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> Another patient, a clergyman, aged 40, came, complaining that he would have intermittent dyspnea, which sometimes got so bad that he feared he would die any moment. These severe attacks came and went rather suddenly. He would have them sometimes in the middle of a sermon, to his great embarrassment.
The Question of Vascular Hyper-Responsiveness in Hypertension
Authors: PAUL D. REDLEAF, LOUIS TOBIAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

After inhibition of spontaneous tone, the contraction of spirally cut strips of aorta in response to norepinephrine was studied quantitatively in normotensive rats and in 4 different types of hypertensive rats. In no instance did the aortas of hypertensive rats show hyper-responsiveness to norepinephrine. The majority of responses were entirely normal; in a few instances there was decreased responsiveness. In vivo studies which fail to consider the critical effect of an altered "base-line" state in hypertension may demonstrate "hyper-responsiveness" which is more apparent than real.
Color, qualia, and psychophysical constraints on equivalence of color experience
Authors: Vincent A. Billock, Brian H. Tsou
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

It has been suggested that difficult-to-quantify differences in visual processing may prevent researchers from equating the color experience of different observers. However, spectral locations of unique hues are remarkably invariant with respect to everything other than gross differences in preretinal and photoreceptor absorptions. This suggests a stereotyping of neural color processing and leads us to posit that minor differences in observer neurophysiology may be irrelevant to color experience.
Recruitment of New MDs
Authors: Richard B. Yules
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Students interested in careers in science are tending to choose training which leads to degrees other than the MD. In the past 15 years, college graduates have increased from 432,058 to 498,654.<sup>1,2</sup>The number of graduates entering nonmedical areas of biology has increased by 216%, the number choosing the physical sciences has increased by 92%, and the number of graduates from schools of nursing has increased 110%. By contrast, the number of applicants to medical schools remains stable at about 20,000, plus or minus about 500 per year, and the number of physicians graduated has increased only 20%, from 6,135 to 7,409 (<b>194</b>: 1965). In the past year, the Connecticut Society for Medical Research has sponsored a program to acquaint high school science students with career opportunities in medical research. A principal objective of the program has been to increase the number of science-oriented students selecting
Europe's health systems can survive economic squeeze, conference hears
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Stagnant economies are driving governments to introduce cost containing health reforms but the “huge squeeze” on health budgets “need not have an adverse effect on front line services,” said Andrew Dillon, chief executive of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), at a recent conference in Geneva.

“In the UK we have been told we must make savings of 15-20%, and this is predicted to rise to 40%,” Dillon told the conference, which was convened by the Economist to consider how European countries could sustain their health systems.

“This can be achieved and the quality of care …
Transient Bacteremia Associated with Sigmoidoscopy.
Authors: Jack L. LeFrock
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Transient Bacteremia Associated with Sigmoidoscopy.Jack L. LeFrock, M.D., Charles A. Ellis, M.D., James B. Turchik, M.D., Louis Weinstein, M.D., F.A.C.P.Jack L. LeFrock, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles A. Ellis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James B. Turchik, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Louis Weinstein, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-826_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA group of 197 hospitalized patients were subjected to pourplate blood cultures immediately before and after sigmoidscopy and 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after the procedure. Rectointestinal disease (diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, rectal polyps, fistula-in-ano, or internal hemorrhoids) was present in 93 patients; the remaining 104 were "normal" in this respect. Nineteen patients (9.6%) developed bacteremia after sigmoidoscopy. The incidence of bacteremia among patients with rectosigmoid disease (10.8%) was not significantly different from that experienced by "normal" patients (8.3%). Six patients had positive blood cultures immediately after the procedure, and another 13 had bacteremia detectable 5 minutes later.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jack L. LeFrock, M.D.; Charles A. Ellis, M.D.; James B. Turchik, M.D.; Louis Weinstein, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 826-826KeywordsAnal and rectal disordersBacteremiaBloodDiarrheaDysenteryEnteritisUlcerative colitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Public health scientists accused of soft peddling the dangers of passive smoking after taking grants from tobacco related organisations
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with pathologic changes in the kidney. However, the association between HCV and renal dysfunction is not well defined. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: This study estimated the prevalence of renal insufficiency among veterans who received care through the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System. The study population consisted of veterans who underwent HCV antibody testing between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2004, and had at least one primary care or medical subspecialty visit and at least one outpatient creatinine measurement within the 18 mo before antibody testing. Veterans were excluded when they had a history of chronic dialysis, creatinine &gt;5 mg/dl, or renal transplantation. Study data were extracted from the electronic medical record. Renal insufficiency was defined as a creatinine level ≥1.5 mg/dl. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate the risk for renal insufficiency associated with HCV. Among 25,782 eligible veterans, 1928 were HCV antibody positive and 23,854 were HCV antibody negative. Results: Although the proportion with renal insufficiency was lower for antibody-positive <i>versus</i> -negative veterans (4.8 <i>versus</i> 6.0%), after adjustment for age, race, gender, diabetes, and hypertension, HCV-positive veterans had a 40% higher odds for renal insufficiency (odds ratio 1.40; 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.76) as compared with HCV-negative veterans. Conclusions: HCV was associated with an increased prevalence of renal insufficiency.
Reticuloendothelial system Fc receptor-mediated clearance of IgG-tagged erythrocytes from the circulation of patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis and chronic liver disease
Authors: Gerald Y. Minuk, Noel B. Hershfield, Weng Y. Lee, Keith L. Maccannell, Roy Preshaw, Lorne M. Price, Eldon A. Shaffer, Lloyd R. Sutherland
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Immune complexes may be important in the pathogenesis of the liver disease associated with idiopathic ulcerative colitis. In the present study, we documented Fc receptor-mediated clearance by the reticuloendothelial system of immune complex-like material from the systemic circulation of 25 healthy control subjects, 19 patients with ulcerative colitis alone, 9 patients with ulcerative colitis and elevated liver enzyme tests and 8 patients with various other forms of chronic liver disease. Following an intravenous infusion of IgG-tagged 51Cr-labeled autologous erythrocytes, serial blood samples were drawn over a 2-hr period of time, and computer-generated clearance curves were obtained. The time required for clearance of 50% of infused erythrocytes (T1/2) was then calculated. Serum immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG and IgM), complement (C3 and C4) and immune complex-like activity (IgG and IgM types) were also determined. Sixteen of 19 (84%) ulcerative colitis patients and 7 of 8 (88%) chronic liver disease patients had normal clearance T1/2's (when compared to 25 healthy controls). Conversely, only 1 of 9 (11%) ulcerative colitis + chronic liver disease patients demonstrated normal clearance function. Aside from serum IgM levels, the results of serum immunoglobulin, complement and immune complex-like determinations were similar in ulcerative colitis and ulcerative colitis + chronic liver disease patients. Serum IgM levels, however, were significantly decreased in ulcerative colitis patients and increased in ulcerative colitis + chronic liver disease patients (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that the reticuloendothelial system of patients with ulcerative colitis and chronic liver disease is impaired in its ability to dear immune complex-like material from the systemic circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Actinomyces and Intrauterine Devices-Reply
Authors: Prabodh K. Gupta
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Several interesting issues have been raised by Dr Duguid and colleagues. They have not only confirmed our observations on the value of cervicovaginal smears in<i>Actinomyces</i>diagnosis, but have achieved unique success with cultures of these anaerobic organisms. In our experience with more than 100,000 cervicovaginal smears and detection of nearly a thousand cases of<i>Actinomyces</i>infection, organisms have not always been easy to recognize. Cervical material from 197 plastic-IUD users and 209 copper-IUD users should be stained with specific antisera to establish definitive diagnosis before ascribing any protective effect of copper IUD. Although need exists for better studies, no such difference in the prevalence of<i>Actinomyces</i>among copper-IUD users'has been observed by us and other workers in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Dr Duguid and co-workers have correctly pointed out that the apparent protective effect of the copper IUD is probably due to its frequent replacement. For women
Postmarketing Surveillance and Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Timothy Brewer, Graham A. Colditz
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Spontaneous reporting systems like MEDWATCH can be effective in revealing unusual or rare adverse events that occur with the use of medications, and such reports may often be sufficient to assign causality. However, spontaneous reports do not reliably detect adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that occur widely separated in time from the original use of the drug or that represent an increased risk of an adverse event that occurs commonly in populations not exposed to the drug. In these situations, spontaneous reports alone do not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the adverse event was an ADR. Identification of ADRs associated with long-term administration of drugs for chronic diseases also remains problematic. Methods to evaluate ADRs using data from clinical trials, medical records, and computerized databases of medication users and nonusers must be developed to complement spontaneous reporting systems. Without these methods, potentially important ADRs will remain undetected, and spurious associations between adverse outcomes and medications or devices will remain unchallenged.
Robert Koch and American Medicine
Authors: RUSSELL C. MAULITZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The centenary of Robert Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus is an appropriate occasion for a reconsideration of the American reception of Koch's bacteriologic investigations. At the time of the U.S. centennial in 1876 American views on infectious disease were disparate and ill-formed. The news of Koch's initial tuberculosis investigations stirred controversy in the inchoate American medical community. By the late 1880s, however, his ideas and techniques achieved widespread acceptance and by the time an aging Koch travelled to the United States in 1908 the American medical community had been transformed. New and divisive theoretical issues had become prominent. Koch was now in conflict with a medical establishment resistant to ideas incongruent with its native ideas.
Lamivudine-Zidovudine Treatment and Clinical End Points
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Staszewski and colleagues<sup>1</sup>report on adult patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) —positive and who received a combination of lamivudine and zidovudine (150 or 300 mg every 12 hours, n=75 for each group) or zidovudine monotherapy (n=73) in a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter study over 24 weeks. The patients, who had received prior zidovudine therapy for a mean of about 2 years, nevertheless showed significantly better immunologic (increased CD4 cell counts) and virologic (decreased HIV-1 RNA) responses to the combination therapy vs zidovudine alone. However, though this improvement in "surrogate markers" is considered likely to lead to better clinical outcomes,<sup>2</sup>the latter remains the "gold standard" of successful therapy in HIV infection. We were therefore surprised that the authors did not highlight this end point and did not refer to it in their discussion. According to their data, 6 patients in the monotherapy
The Effect of a Primary-Care Pathway on Internal Medicine Residents' Career Plans
Authors: DON L. GOLDENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

There has been no evidence that primary-care pathways, a recent innovation in internal medicine residency programs, have affected the career choices of their trainees. We report the experience of the first four cohorts of primary-care trainees in internal medicine compared with traditional-pathway trainees at Boston City Hospital. Primary-care residents remained committed to their plans for a career in general internal medicine throughout training. In contrast, two thirds of the traditionally trained residents who were planning a career in general internal medicine at the beginning of their training changed their plans to subspecialty medicine. Thus, the primary-care pathway reinforced the career plans of trainees in general internal medicine, whereas traditional training influenced potential generalists toward subspecialty medicine.
202 Effects of dilutional hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and water content in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: A. Torre, T. Restuccia, B. Gomez-Anson, M. Guevara, C. Alessandria, M.E. Alayrach, C. Terra, M. Martin, M. Castellvi, L. Rami, A. Sainz, P. Gines, V. Arroyo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Gender aspects in chronic myeloid leukemia: long-term results from randomized studies
Authors: U Berger, O Maywald, M Pfirrmann, T Lahaye, A Hochhaus, A Reiter, J Hasford, H Heimpel, D K Hossfeld, H-J Kolb, H Löffler, H Pralle, W Queisser, R Hehlmann
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
COMBINED CORAMINE-ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOTIC EXCITEMENT
Authors: HOWARD D. FABING
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1948)

1. The technique of administering 5 c. c. coramine, intravenously, followed by electrically induced convulsions is reported in 100 consecutive cases. 2. The method has proved of value in reducing manic excitement quickly and dramatically with as few as one or two treatments, in contrast to the necessity for repeated electroshock treatments of orthodox type in the usual manic patient. 3. The method has also proved of value in acute confusional excitement, excitement with severe agitated melancholia, paranoid excitement, excitement with schizo-affective states, and in selected cases of intractable severe anxiety. 4. It is assumed that the theoretical basis of this combined therapeutic method is as follows: Coramine, an analeptic drug, excites the higher levels of the nervous system chemically; the electroshock stimulus excites these structures electrically. The simultaneous application of both these stimuli produces an excessive, or ultramaximal, stimulus as defined by Pavlov, and the result is the ultraparadoxical state of cortical inhibition, with consequent abolition of the clinical symptom of excitement. 5. The method has been of value in handling excited patients on an open psychiatric ward in a general hospital, and in terminating these illnesses more rapidly.