tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DNA adducts as biomarkers for assessing exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tissues from Xuan Wei women with high exposure to coal combustion emissions and high lung cancer mortality.
Authors: J L Mumford, X Lee, J Lewtas, T L Young, R M Santella
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, China, is associated with smoky coal use in unvented homes, but not with wood or smokeless coal use. Smoky coal combustion emits higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations than wood combustion. This study used DNA adducts as biomarkers for human exposure to PAH from combustion emissions. DNA adducts were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in placentas and peripheral and cord white blood cells (WBC) from Xuan Wei women burning smoky coal or wood and from Beijing women using natural gas. Color ELISA gave positive results in 58, 47, and 5% of the placentas from Xuan Wei women burning smoky coal without and with chimneys, and from Beijing women, respectively. Fluorescence ELISA indicated that 46, 65, 56, and 25% of placentas were positive from Xuan Wei women who lived in houses without and with chimneys, Xuan Wei women burning wood, and Beijing controls, respectively. Peripheral WBC samples were positive in 7/9, 8/9, and 3/9 for the Xuan Wei women who lived in houses without and with chimneys and Beijing women, respectively. PAH-DNA adducts were detected in a higher percentage of placentas from Xuan Wei women living in houses exposed to smoky coal or wood emissions than from those of the Beijing controls. No dose-response relationship was observed between the air benzo[alpha]pyrene concentrations and DNA adduct levels or percentage of detectable samples. The results suggest that DNA adducts can be used as a qualitative biomarker to assess human exposure to combustion emissions.
Mortality Following a Psychiatric Emergency Room Visit: An 18-Month Follow-Up Study
Authors: RODRIGO A. MUNOZ, SUE MARTEN, KATHYE A. GENTRY, ELI ROBINS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors' follow-up study of patients seen in a psychiatric emergency room revealed that six percent (four times as many as in the general population) of the patients had died. No deaths were known to be due to suicide. Deaths among alcoholics (with one exception) occurred in patients younger than 47; the emergency room physician should realize that a disproportionate number of young alcoholics will die prematurely.
The ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 coordinates gastrointestinal secretory cell maturation
Authors: Benjamin J. Capoccia, Ramon U. Jin, Young-Yun Kong, Richard M. Peek, Matteo Fassan, Massimo Rugge, Jason C. Mills
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

After cell fate specification, differentiating cells must amplify the specific subcellular features required for their specialized function. How cells regulate such subcellular scaling is a fundamental unanswered question. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mindbomb 1 (MIB1) is required for the apical secretory apparatus established by gastric zymogenic cells as they differentiate from their progenitors. When Mib1 was deleted, death-associated protein kinase–1 (DAPK1) was rerouted to the cell base, microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) was dephosphorylated, and the apical vesicles that normally support mature secretory granules were dispersed. Consequently, secretory granules did not mature. The transcription factor MIST1 bound the first intron of Mib1 and regulated its expression. We further showed that loss of MIB1 and dismantling of the apical secretory apparatus was the earliest quantifiable aberration in zymogenic cells undergoing transition to a precancerous metaplastic state in mouse and human stomach. Our results reveal a mechanistic pathway by which cells can scale up a specific, specialized subcellular compartment to alter function during differentiation and scale it down during disease.
Maternal Residence Near Agricultural Pesticide Applications and Autism Spectrum Disorders among Children in the California Central Valley
Authors: Eric M. Roberts, Paul B. English, Judith K. Grether, Gayle C. Windham, Lucia Somberg, Craig Wolff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Ambient levels of pesticides ("pesticide drift") are detectable at residences near agricultural field sites.Our goal was to evaluate the hypothesis that maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications during key periods of gestation could be associated with the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children.We identified 465 children with ASD born during 1996-1998 using the California Department of Developmental Services electronic files, and matched them by maternal date of last menstrual period to 6,975 live-born, normal-birth-weight, term infants as controls. We determined proximity to pesticide applications using California Department of Pesticide Regulation records refined using Department of Water Resources land use polygons. A staged analytic design applying a priori criteria to the results of conditional logistic regressions was employed to exclude associations likely due to multiple testing error.Of 249 unique hypotheses, four that described organochlorine pesticide applications--specifically those of dicofol and endosulfan--occurring during the period immediately before and concurrent with central nervous system embryogenesis (clinical weeks 1 through 8) met a priori criteria and were unlikely to be a result of multiple testing. Multivariate a posteriori models comparing children of mothers living within 500 m of field sites with the highest nonzero quartile of organochlorine poundage to those with mothers not living near field sites suggested an odds ratio for ASD of 6.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.4-15.3). ASD risk increased with the poundage of organochlorine applied and decreased with distance from field sites.The association between residential proximity to organochlorine pesticide applications during gestation and ASD among children should be further studied.
Triggering of Myocardial Infarction by Cocaine
Authors: Murray A. Mittleman, David Mintzer, Malcolm Maclure, Geoffrey H. Tofler, Jane B. Sherwood, James E. Muller
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Cocaine has been implicated as a trigger of acute myocardial infarction in patients with and those without underlying coronary atherosclerosis. However, the magnitude of the increase in risk of acute myocardial infarction immediately after cocaine use remains unknown. Methods and Results —In the Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study, we interviewed 3946 patients (1282 women) with acute myocardial infarction an average of 4 days after infarction onset. Data were collected on the use of cocaine and other potential triggers of myocardial infarction. We compared the reported use of cocaine in the hour preceding the onset of myocardial infarction symptoms with its expected frequency by using self-matched control data based on the case-crossover study design. Of the 3946 patients interviewed, 38 (1%) reported cocaine use in the prior year and 9 reported use within the 60 minutes preceding the onset of infarction symptoms. Compared with nonusers, cocaine users were more likely to be male (87% vs 67%, P =0.01), current cigarette smokers (84% vs 32%, P &lt;0.001), younger (44±8 vs 61±13 years, P &lt;0.001), and minority group members (63% vs 11%, P &lt;0.001). The risk of myocardial infarction onset was elevated 23.7 times over baseline (95% CI 8.5 to 66.3) in the 60 minutes after cocaine use. The elevated risk rapidly decreased thereafter. Conclusions —Cocaine use is associated with a large abrupt and transient increase in the risk of acute myocardial infarction in patients who are otherwise at relatively low risk. This finding suggests that studying the pathophysiological changes produced by cocaine may provide insights into the mechanisms by which myocardial infarction is triggered by other stressors.
Longevity of Patients With Cystic Fibrosis in 2000 to 2010 and Beyond: Survival Analysis of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry
Authors: Todd MacKenzie, Alex H. Gifford, Kathryn A. Sabadosa, Hebe B. Quinton, Emily A. Knapp, Christopher H. Goss, Bruce C. Marshall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Advances in treatments for cystic fibrosis (CF) continue to extend survival. An updated estimate of survival is needed for better prognostication and to anticipate evolving adult care needs.To characterize trends in CF survival between 2000 and 2010 and to project survival for children born and diagnosed with the disease in 2010.Registry-based study.110 Cystic Fibrosis Foundation-accredited care centers in the United States.All patients represented in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) between 2000 and 2010.Survival was modeled with respect to age, age at diagnosis, gender, race or ethnicity, F508del mutation status, and symptoms at diagnosis.Between 2000 and 2010, the number of patients in the CFFPR increased from 21,000 to 26,000, median age increased from 14.3 to 16.7 years, and adjusted mortality decreased by 1.8% per year (95% CI, 0.5% to 2.7%). Males had a 19% (CI, 13% to 24%) lower adjusted risk for death than females. Median survival of children born and diagnosed with CF in 2010 is projected to be 37 years (CI, 35 to 39 years) for females and 40 years (CI, 39 to 42 years) for males if mortality remains at 2010 levels and more than 50 years if mortality continues to decrease at the rate observed between 2000 and 2010.The CFFPR does not include all patients with CF in the United States, and loss to follow-up and missing data were observed. Additional analyses to address these limitations suggest that the survival projections are conservative.Children born and diagnosed with CF in the United States in 2010 are expected to live longer than those born earlier. This has important implications for prognostic discussions and suggests that the health care system should anticipate greater numbers of adults with CF.Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
EFFECT OF SILDENAFIL ON PULMONARY HEMODYNAMICS AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS OF NONISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH BIVENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Alok Saurav, Manu Kaushik, Aryan Mooss, Dennis Esterbrooks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Bat rabies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Alan Smith, Jill Morris, Natasha Crowcroft
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The acts are symbolic of the need in modern societies to protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals and at the same time ensure appropriate accountability of publicly funded services.At their best the acts should promote improved communication and management of records.The more that is published and the more easily and frequently patients have routine access to information about their health care, the less likely they are to need recourse to the law to get the information they seek.Examples exist across the NHS of hospitals and practices routinely making information available to patients.These include general practices that invite patients to look at their own records or clinicians who routinely copy letters to patients, according to the policy of the Department of Health. 8Where healthcare professionals have developed such schemes, they and their patients have been rewarded with improved consultations, better understanding of treatment options, and the chance to correct mistakes in records. 9n time the national programme for information technology will open "Healthspace," in which patients will be able to look at their records at their own convenience (www.healthspace.nhs.uk).This will be a major advance for patients and will go some way to creating more meaningful partnerships between patients and clinicians.Many clinicians and health managers are unused to providing information about their performance, which is now open to scrutiny.Some may grudgingly seek to comply only with the letter of the law, and in doing so they may miss the wider potential of the acts to contribute to a patient centred NHS.Legislation on its own cannot bring about a major change in culture.But it can act as a catalyst for improved performance in many ways.At its best, freedom of information should be a marker for openness and accountability in public services.It
INCIDENCE OF PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS IN 9271 CONSECUTIVE TAVI PATIENTS: ANALYSIS FROM THE GERMAN AORTIC VALVE REGISTRY
Authors: Thomas Walther, Helge Möllmann, H. Mudra, Armin Welz, Karl-Heinz Kuck, Jochen Cremer, Friedrich W. Mohr, Christian Hamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Steroids and Steroid-Sparing Agents in Asthma
Authors: Gary R. Cott, Reuben M. Cherniack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Asthma is a disease characterized by an increase in airway reactivity together with a propensity for the airways to constrict in response to a variety of stimuli.1 The cumulative prevalence of this disorder in America is estimated to be between 5 and 7 percent.2 Prompt, regular, and aggressive therapy with inhaled beta-adrenergic agents, theophylline, cromolyn, or any combination of these is the cornerstone of treatment. If symptoms or changes in airway function persist despite administration of these agents in an appropriate dosage, systemic corticosteroids may be indicated. Fortunately, the majority of patients may be successfully treated either without systemic corticosteroids . . .
Nudge Ethics: Just a Game of Billiards?
Authors: Caroline J. Huang, Matthew L. Baum
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes For the original discussion, see R. H. Thaler and C. R. Sunstein (2008), Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press). Adapted from I. Shah (2008), The Exploits of the Incomparable Mulla Nasrudin (London: Octagon Press).
Re: Christina G. Jespersen, Mette Nørgaard, Michael Borre. Androgen-deprivation Therapy in Treatment of Prostate Cancer and Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: A Nationwide Danish Population-based Cohort Study. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2013.02.002
Authors: C. Mary Schooling, Grace Sembajwe, Ilir Agalliu
Journal: European Urology (2013)
STUDIES ON AN UNCOMPLICATED CORYZA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Coccobacilliform bodies were regularly demonstrable, in addition to H. gallinarum, in exudate from birds infected with a passage strain of the coryza of rapid onset and long duration (type III). Both agents were present throughout the entire course of the disease. The characteristics of type III coryza were reproduced by injecting a mixture of the two agents. The behavior of each component was altered by the association, indicative of a synergistic relation. Evidence that the coccobacilliform bodies might occasionally develop in birds infected with H. gallinarum following transfer by indirect contact was also obtained. The combined action of the two infective agents adequately accounts for the etiology of this particular strain of type III coryza.
QUANTITATIVE EXPERIMENTS WITH ANTIBODIES TO SPECIFIC PRECIPITATES. II
Authors: Henry P. Treffers, Michael Heidelberger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

1. Rabbits were injected with the washed specific precipitate from Type II antipneumococcus horse serum. Antibody in the resulting antiserum was determined by the quantitative agglutinin method using various specific precipitates as antigens. 2. Suspensions of Types I and II antipneumococcus horse specific precipitates, as well as the specific precipitates derived from Type VIII Pn (anti-C portion), and H. influenzae horse antisera were found to remove the same amount of antibody from the immune rabbit serum. 3. Purified antibody solutions prepared by dissociation methods from Types I and II antipneumococcus horse sera were found to remove the same quantity of antibody as did the homologous specific precipitates. 4. Specific precipitates from anti-crystalline egg albumin and anti-diphtheria horse sera were found to remove only a fraction of the antibody. The reasons for this are discussed. 5. A specific precipitate prepared from pepsin-digested Type I anti-pneumococcus horse serum removed all of the antibody to the homologous antigen from the rabbit anti-precipitate serum, but followed a different quantitative course. 6. From the quantitative course of these reactions and from experiments with specific precipitates from anti-Pn rabbit and pig sera it is concluded that the only antigenic specificity demonstrable for the antibodies investigated was that due to their common origin, and that the groupings responsible for their antibody function constitute either a small part of the total protein molecule or else are non-antigenic.
Role of sortase in Streptococcus mutans under the effect of nicotine
Authors: Ming-Yun Li, Rui-Jie Huang, Xue-Dong Zhou, Richard L Gregory
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

Streptococcus mutans is a common Gram-positive bacterium and plays a significant role in dental caries. Tobacco and/or nicotine have documented effects on S. mutans growth and colonization. Sortase A is used by many Gram-positive bacteria, including S. mutans, to facilitate the insertion of certain cell surface proteins, containing an LPXTGX motif such as antigen I/II. This study examined the effect of nicotine on the function of sortase A to control the physiology and growth of S. mutans using wild-type S. mutans NG8, and its isogenic sortase-defective and -complemented strains. Briefly, the strains were treated with increasing amounts of nicotine in planktonic growth, biofilm metabolism, and sucrose-induced and saliva-induced antigen I/II-dependent biofilm formation assays. The strains exhibited no significant differences with different concentrations of nicotine in planktonic growth assays. However, they had significantly increased (P≤0.05) biofilm metabolic activity (2- to 3-fold increase) as the concentration of nicotine increased. Furthermore, the sortase-defective strain was more sensitive metabolically to nicotine than the wild-type or sortase-complemented strains. All strains had significantly increased sucrose-induced biofilm formation (2- to 3-fold increase) as a result of increasing concentrations of nicotine. However, the sortase-defective strain was not able to make as much sucrose- and saliva-induced biofilm as the wild-type NG8 did with increasing nicotine concentrations. These results indicated that nicotine increased metabolic activity and sucrose-induced biofilm formation. The saliva-induced biofilm formation assay and qPCR data suggested that antigen I/II was upregulated with nicotine but biofilm was not able to be formed as much as wild-type NG8 without functional sortase A. Nicotine increases the bacterium Streptococcus mutans' cavity-causing ability by interacting with the enzyme sortase A, Richard Gregory of the Indiana University School of Dentistry, USA, and colleagues have shown. Sortase A modifies surface proteins in S. mutans. Scientists knew that nicotine increases cavity formation, but not how. Gregory and colleagues focused on the role played by sortase A because it controls the secretion and anchoring of the bacterium's virulence proteins. Using S. mutans' cultures of wild-type or sortase-deficient strains, the researchers investigated the effect of nicotine on biofilm formation ­— difficult-to-remove bacterial aggregates that trigger cavity formation. As they increased nicotine levels in the cultures, the researchers found that the wild-type strains produced significantly more biofilm than the sortase-deficient strains. These results indicate that sortase A plays a key role in nicotine-induced cavity formation.
Vaccination of Infants with Living Attenuated Measles Vaccine (Edmonston Strain) with and without Gamma-globulin
Authors: P. F. Benson, N. R. Butler, A. P. Goffe, G. J. Knight, G. D. Laurence, C. L. Miller, T. M. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The first trials of measles vaccines in the United Kingdom were reported in 1961 by Aldous et al., when three living attenuated vaccines derived from the Edmonston strain (Enders et al., 1960) were compared at the Fountain Hospital. In many cases vaccination reactions were too pronounced for the vaccines to be suitable for routine use. However, in view of the high complication rate of measles in young children (Miller, 1964), it was considered important to continue clinical trials of measles vaccine rendered less toxic by further attenuation. The present paper describes four subsequent trials of vaccines prepared from the Edmonston strain but which had undergone a further series of passages in chick-embryo or chick-cell tissue cultures. In some of the trials the vaccines were given alone, and in others concurrently with gamma-globulin.
LIGATURE OF THE FIRST PART OF THE RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY FOR TRAUMATIC ANEURYSM OF THE SECOND AND THIRD PARTS
Authors: D. W. Hume
Journal: BMJ (1920)

AUG. T4, r9201 r~_MEDICAL JOURNAL__4seen recorded in the tracina.Two injections of adrenalin were given; the effect of eaclh was to increase the volume Df air entering the lung as tlle result of dilatation of the .A_4;, -'S-."--bronchioles and to cause a rise of blood pressure.The effects were temporary.The third injection was atropine, wlichl produced permanent and maximal broncho-dilatation by paralysing the bronclio-constrictor nerves, and increased cardiac rate, and therefore blood pressure, by paralysing the cardiac vagus.
Physicochemical and immunohistological studies of a sulfobromophthalein- and bilirubin-binding protein from rat liver plasma membranes.
Authors: W Stremmel, M A Gerber, V Glezerov, S N Thung, S Kochwa, P D Berk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Affinity chromatography over bilirubinagarose and sulfobromophthalein (BSP)-agarose was used to isolate two proteins, with high affinities for bilirubin and BSP, respectively, from Triton X-100-solubilized rat liver plasma membranes. The protein eluted from either affinity column migrated as a single band of approximately 55,000 D on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and either protein cochromatographed with both [14C]bilirubin and [35S]BSP on Sephadex G-75. On gradient gels without reduction or SDS, or on Sephadex G-150, the native BSP-binding protein had an estimated molecular mass of approximately 100,000 D. After incubation with SDS, an additional Sephadex G-150 peak of molecular mass of 56,000 D was observed. Both, the 100,000- and 56,000-D G-150 peaks cochromatographed with [35S]BSP. The native protein had an isoelectric point of 3.5, stained with periodic acid-Schiff but not Sudan black, and contained 4 mol of sialic acid per mol of protein. A rabbit antibody to the BSP-binding protein gave a line of identity with both the BSP- and bilirubin-binding antigens, and inhibited the binding of [14C]bilirubin and [35S]BSP, but not [14C]oleate or [14C]taurocholate, to rat liver plasma membranes. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of the antigen on all surface domains of rat hepatocytes, but not on other cell populations from normal rat liver. It was not found in other organs. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that a specific liver cell plasma membrane protein mediates the hepatocytic sequestration of bilirubin and BSP.