tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial, Phase I: A comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase. Clinical findings through hospital discharge.
Authors: J H Chesebro, G Knatterud, R Roberts, J Borer, L S Cohen, J Dalen, H T Dodge, C K Francis, D Hillis, P Ludbrook
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Intravenous administration of 80 mg of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA, 40, 20, and 20 mg in successive hours) and streptokinase (SK, 1.5 million units over 1 hr) was compared in a double-blind, randomized trial in 290 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction. These patients entered the trial within 7 hr of the onset of symptoms and underwent baseline coronary arteriography before thrombolytic therapy was instituted. Ninety minutes after the start of thrombolytic therapy, occluded infarct-related arteries had opened in 62% of 113 patients in the rt-PA and 31% of 119 patients in the SK group (p less than .001). Twice as many occluded infarct-related arteries opened after rt-PA compared with SK at the time of each of seven angiograms obtained during the first 90 min after commencing thrombolytic therapy. Regardless of the time from onset of symptoms to treatment, more arteries were opened after rt-PA than SK. The reduction in circulating fibrinogen and plasminogen and the increase in circulating fibrin split products at 3 and 24 hr were significantly less in patients treated with rt-PA than in those treated with SK (p less than .001). The occurrence of bleeding events, administration of blood transfusions, and reocclusion of the infarct-related artery was comparable in the two groups. Thus, in patients with acute myocardial infarction, rt-PA elicited reperfusion in twice as many occluded infarct-related arteries as compared with SK at each of seven serial observations during the first 90 min after onset of treatment.
Correlation between clinical data and antibiotic resistance in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from 68 patients with acute post-cataract endophthalmitis
Authors: C. Chiquet, M. Maurin, J. Altayrac, F. Aptel, S. Boisset, F. Vandenesch, P.L. Cornut, J.P. Romanet, P. Gain, A. Carricajo
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2015)
Domiciliary immunisation for preschool child defaulters.
Authors: A E Jones
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A selective domiciliary immunisation service has been introduced for preschool children living in the Central Manchester Health District. The service is provided for the children of parents who have given written consent for immunisation but have subsequently failed to bring their children to the clinic or their general practitioner's surgery to start or complete the basic course of immunisation against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, and measles. This failure has occurred despite at least two written invitations for each injection and several reminders from the health visitor. Many additional children have been protected by this scheme.
DERMATITIS OF LOWER LIMB AMPUTATION STUMP
Authors: Ira Leo Schamberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The person who has had amputation of a lower limb and who wears a prosthesis subjects the skin of his stump to multiple insults. Mechanical trauma, if acute, may cause edema, erythema, denudation of epithelium, or ulceration; if chronic, it may cause lichenification, callus formation, and hyperpigmentation. Acute contact dermatitis caused by primary irritants or allergenic substances may result in edema, erythema, and vesiculation; chronic contact dermatitis produces scaling, eczematization, lichenification, and hyperpigmentation. Increased warmth and moisture may cause localized anhidrosis,1miliaria, and maceration. Secondary bacterial infection may follow any of the above conditions. The prosthetic bucket and corset enclose the stump tightly and cause pressure and friction from the piston motion in walking. Warmth and moisture result from inadequate ventilation of the skin, which is covered by impermeable material. The almost universal use of the woolen stump sock, except by amputees who wear suction sockets, may cause irritation.
Treatment of insulin resistance with peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonists
Authors: Jerrold M. Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is almost a universal finding in type 2 diabetic patients who are overweight (1–3). The presence of insulin resistance leads to increased β-cell insulin secretion with compensatory hyperinsulinemia (1–3). As long as the hyperinsulinemia is adequate to overcome the insulin resistance, glucose tolerance remains normal. In patients destined to develop type 2 diabetes, the β-cell compensatory response declines, and relative, or absolute, insulin insufficiency develops. At this point, insulin secretion cannot keep pace with the underlying insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance and eventually frank type 2 diabetes occur. Based on these observations it is evident that, except for very unusual patients, type 2 diabetes only develops in the context of insulin resistance plus β cell dysfunction. Although there is still some debate as to whether the insulin resistance or the β-cell defect comes first, most epidemiologic studies have indicated that in the early, prediabetic state, insulin resistance is the antecedent abnormality (4, 5).
Chemical and mutagenic patterns of airborne particulate matter collected in 17 Italian towns.
Authors: R Barale, L Giromini, S Del Ry, B Barnini, M Bulleri, I Barrai, F Valerio, M Pala, J He
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The mutagenicity of airborne particulate matter collected in 17 towns of Italy in 1990 was assessed using the Ames test. The mutagenicity of crude extract correlated with amount of lead, suggesting the direct contribution of gasoline car exhausts. Moreover, the mutagenicity correlated with particulate matter amounts. An inverse correlation with temperature was observed. The crude extracts were fractionated in acid, basic, and neutral fractions. The latter was further separated into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), polar, and nonpolar fractions. Acid and polar fractions showed the higher mutagenicity. Average recovery of mutagenicity was about 60%.
Effect of adenosine deaminase inhibitors on myocardial reactive hyperaemia following brief coronary occlusions
Authors: D. SAITO, Y. ABE, H. TANI, K. TAKED, T. HYODO, T. NAKATSU, M. UEEDA, S. KUSACHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Effect of two agents of adenosine deaminase inhibitor, 8-azaguanine and adenine, on myocardial reactive hyperaemia was tested in the anaesthetised open-chest dog. Reactive hyperaemic flow response of the circumflex coronary artery was observed following 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 s coronary occlusions before, during and after infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine, which are known as adenosine deaminase inhibitors. Intracoronary infusion of 8-azaguanine and adenine caused the minimum increase in the baseline coronary flow. Both the nucleic acids shifted the dose response curve of adenosine to the left. 8-azaguanine enhanced volume response of flow at all occlusion intervals tested. The infused dose of adenine also intensified volume response of flow after 5, 15, 20 and 30 s occlusions. Fifteen minutes after termination of the nucleic acid infusions, the reactive hyperaemia returned towards control levels. The results suggest that 8-azaguanine and adenine enhance myocardial reactive hyperaemia possibly by inhibiting adenosine deaminase to degradate myocardial interstitial adenosine to inosine.
Ambulatory 24 hour intraoesophageal pH and pressure recordings v provocation tests in the diagnosis of chest pain of oesophageal origin.
Authors: G Ghillebert, J Janssens, G Vantrappen, F Nevens, J Piessens
Journal: Gut (1990)

Fifty patients with non-cardiac chest pain underwent 24 hour intraoesophageal pH and pressure recording and provocation tests to determine the relative value of both techniques in establishing the oesophageal origin of the chest pain. Twenty six patients (52%) had at least one positive provocation test: the acid perfusion test was positive related in 18 patients (36%), the edrophonium test in 16 patients (32%), the vasopressin test in five patients (10%), and the balloon distension test (performed in only 20 patients) in one (5%). The 24 hour pH and pressure recording correlated spontaneous chest pain attacks with abnormal motility or gastro-oesophageal reflux in 19 patients (38%). Fourteen of these patients also had at least one positive provocation test. Therefore, 24 hour pH and pressure recordings are only slightly better than a set of provocation tests in identifying the oesophagus as the cause of chest pain (10% diagnostic gain). In the case of oesophageal chest pain, however, 24 hour recording appeared to be the only way to identify the nature of the underlying oesophageal abnormality that caused the spontaneous pain attacks--for example, gastro-oesophageal reflux, motility disorders, or irritability of the oesophagus.
Normoxic Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Accelerates Shedding of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme from the Pulmonary Endothelium
Authors: ELENA N. ATOCHINA, VLADIMIR R. MUZYKANTOV, ABU B. AL-MEHDI, SERGEI M. DANILOV, ARON B. FISHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Normoxic lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) leads to oxidative injury of the pulmonary tissue. We analyzed angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in perfused rat lungs upon I/R in order to assess the endothelial injury produced. I/R led to a time-dependent increase in ACE activity in the perfusate, from 145 ± 14 mU to 252 ± 1 mU, and to reduction of ACE activity in the lung tissue homogenate, from 29.7 ± 2.3 U to 22.7 ± 1.7 U. About 80% of ACE activity in control and I/R rat lungs was associated with an aqueous phase of extracted perfusates, thus indicating that I/R accelerates shedding of the hydrophilic form of ACE from the plasma membrane. To specifically assess ACE localized on the luminal surface of the pulmonary endothelium, we perfused rat lungs with a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) to ACE (anti-ACE mAb 9B9). Pulmonary uptake of mAb 9B9 with I/R was reduced from 32.1 ± 1.7% to 24.8 ± 0.9%. In contrast, I/R led to a marked increase in the pulmonary uptake of nonspecific [125I]IgG, from 0.17 ± 0.02% to 0.67 ± 0.04%. Lung wet weight was equal to 0.78 ± 0.08% of body weight in the I/R group versus 0.57 ± 0.02% at the control level. The observed increase in [125I]IgG uptake and wet lung weight indicate that I/R causes an increase in lung vascular permeability. These results indicate that normoxic lung I/R induces injury to the pulmonary vascular endothelium.
Orthopaedic implant company pays 5m order for making corrupt payments to Greek surgeons
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A UK based orthopaedic implant company, De Puy International, has been ordered to pay nearly £5m (€5.6; $8.1m) to the UK authorities for making corrupt payments to Greek surgeons to induce them to buy its products for the state health service.

The civil recovery order, obtained by the Serious Fraud Office at the High Court in London, is part of a global settlement with the healthcare products giant Johnson & Johnson—which acquired De Puy International and its US based parent company, De Puy Incorporated, in 1999—by the US, UK, and Greek authorities.

Prices of artificial hips, knees, and other products were inflated …
Use of the Bidirectional Glenn Procedure in the Presence of Forward Flow From the Ventricles to the Pulmonary Arteries
Authors: Hideki Uemura, Toshikatsu Yagihara, Yasunaru Kawashima, Kenji Okada, Tetsuro Kamiya, Robert H. Anderson
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Relative regression of the pulmonary arterial size has been reported after a conventional bidirectional Glenn procedure. Maintaining a supplemental pulmonary flow could be of surgical value unless the option also militates against the efficacy of the partial right heart bypass.Twenty-seven patients considered unsuitable for a Fontan-type procedure underwent a bidirectional Glenn procedure in the presence of forward flow from the ventricles to the pulmonary arteries, the flow being maintained through the pulmonary trunk in 22 or a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt in 5. There was one surgical death due to atrioventricular valvular regurgitation. Subsequently, 9 patients have successfully undergone a total cavopulmonary connection 2.6 +/- 1.9 years after the initial procedure. Preoperative and postoperative catheterizations revealed changes in arterial oxygen saturation (75 +/- 11% compared with 83 +/- 7%, P < .001) and end-diastolic volumes of the systemic ventricles (from 238 +/- 92% to 188 +/- 97% of the expected normal volume, P < .01), whereas no difference was detected in the mean cross-sectional area of the right and left pulmonary arteries compared with the expected normal value for the right pulmonary artery (from 76 +/- 21% to 81 +/- 20%) or in the ventricular ejection fraction (from 53 +/- 8% to 50 +/- 14%). The relative regression or growth of the pulmonary arterial size was statistically related to the size of the channel for forward flow.Maintenance of forward flow from the ventricle provides a feasible means, when performing a bidirectional Glenn procedure, of protecting against regression of pulmonary arterial size as well as off-loading the ventricles and improving arterial oxygen saturation.
The chemotherapeutic potential of PEG-b-PLGA copolymer micelles that combine chloroquine as autophagy inhibitor and docetaxel as an anti-cancer drug
Authors: Xudong Zhang, Xiaowei Zeng, Xin Liang, Ying Yang, Xiaoming Li, Hongbo Chen, Laiqiang Huang, Lin Mei, Si-Shen Feng
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
A Regimen for Immunization Against Measles
Authors: Samuel Karelitz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Inactivated measles virus vaccine (KV) or placebo was given, with a mixture of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids combined with pertussis vaccine (DPT), to infants 3 to 6 months of age. If seen first at 3 to 4 months, three doses of KV were given, two if seen between 4 and 5 months, and only one dose if seen at 5 to 6 1/2 months. All were challenged with live virus vaccine (LV) at 9 months of age. A larger number of those given KV had measurable hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibodies at 9 months of age, and these children had less reaction to LV. The placebo group also had less severe clinical reaction to LV at 9 months than did older children. Of all infants, 97% to 100% had a rise in HI antibodies to a mean geometric titer of 1:320. KV given with DPT and LV at 9 months of age constitutes an effective regimen for immunization against measles.
Roles of P-Selectin in Inflammation, Neointimal Formation, and Vascular Remodeling in Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Arteries
Authors: Shin-ichiro Hayashi, Noboru Watanabe, Koh Nakazawa, Junichi Suzuki, Kenji Tsushima, Takuya Tamatani, Shinji Sakamoto, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —P-selectin plays key roles in mediating inflammation through promoting adherence of leukocytes to activated platelets and endothelium. This process is one of the initial events in atherosclerosis and restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Methods and Results —Using a rat balloon-injury model, we examined the role of P-selectin in vascular inflammatory processes. In the acute phase, immunohistochemistry revealed that P-selectin was intensely expressed on both activated platelets covering the denuded segment and endothelial cells of the inflamed adventitial small vessels. Treatment with an anti–P-selectin monoclonal antibody (MAb) for 8 consecutive days significantly inhibited neointimal formation at day 14 (42% inhibition; P &lt;0.05), and this effect persisted at day 56 (40% inhibition; P &lt;0.01) compared with the control group. Vascular shrinking accompanying adventitial fibrosis was also attenuated at day 56. Inhibition of both neointimal formation and vascular shrinking resulted in the lumen area of the anti–P-selectin treatment group being ≈3 times larger at day 56 than that of the control group. Accumulation of CD45-positive leukocytes in the developing neointima, media, and adventitia at day 8 was significantly inhibited by treatment with the anti–P-selectin MAb. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that anti–P-selectin treatment resulted in a less thrombogenic surface of the arterial intima, which featured a pseudoendothelial appearance at day 14 after injury. Conclusions —These results suggest that inhibition of P-selectin–mediated leukocyte recruitment prevents the development of neointimal formation, adventitial inflammation, and vascular shrinking and promotes pseudoendothelialization by luminal smooth muscle cells. This treatment thus beneficially affects vascular remodeling after balloon injury in rats.
The Relationship between RDW and the GRACE Risk Score with in Hospital Death in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Nihat Polat, Abdülkadir Yıldız, Mustafa Oylumlu, Hasan Kaya, Halit Acet, Mehmet Ata Akıl, Murat Yüksel, Mehmet Zihni Bilik, Mesut Aydın, Mehmet Sıddık Ülgen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Sources of Support of Medical Schools
Authors: Augustus J. Carroll
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN RELATION TO the performance of a given medical school, the sources of its support can be just as important as the amounts. In 1960-61, nine medical schools spent more than $10 million each. During the same period, 47 other schools, which were training approximately the same number of doctors, spent less than $5 million each. These are significant differences, but medical schools themselves differ in a variety of ways and there are many factors which affect their costs. Some important ones are location; the degree of dependence upon strict full-time, geographic fulltime, part-time, and voluntary faculty members; the scope of operations; and the type of sponsorship. The wide spread in the total operating expenditures of medical schools is not in itself alarming or surprising. It is alarming, though, that some of the schools which have lower expenditures may have been more successful in achieving their overall operating goals than
MAPK phosphatase-1 facilitates the loss of oxidative myofibers associated with obesity in mice
Authors: Rachel J. Roth, Annie M. Le, Lei Zhang, Mario Kahn, Varman T. Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman, Anton M. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Oxidative myofibers, also known as slow-twitch myofibers, help maintain the metabolic health of mammals, and it has been proposed that decreased numbers correlate with increased risk of obesity. The transcriptional coactivator PPARgamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) plays a central role in maintaining levels of oxidative myofibers in skeletal muscle. Indeed, loss of PGC-1alpha expression has been linked to a reduction in the proportion of oxidative myofibers in the skeletal muscle of obese mice. MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is encoded by mkp-1, a stress-responsive immediate-early gene that dephosphorylates MAPKs in the nucleus. Previously we showed that mice deficient in MKP-1 have enhanced energy expenditure and are resistant to diet-induced obesity. Here we show in mice that excess dietary fat induced MKP-1 overexpression in skeletal muscle, and that this resulted in reduced p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of PGC-1alpha on sites that promoted its stability. Consistent with this, MKP-1-deficient mice expressed higher levels of PGC-1alpha in skeletal muscle than did wild-type mice and were refractory to the loss of oxidative myofibers when fed a high-fat diet. Collectively, these data demonstrate an essential role for MKP-1 as a regulator of the myofiber composition of skeletal muscle and suggest a potential role for MKP-1 in metabolic syndrome.
Massive Scalp Haemorrhage after Fetal Blood Sampling due to Haemorrhagic Disease
Authors: M. G. R. Hull, J. A. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Massive subaponeurotic haematoma occurred in a baby after suture of bleeding scalp blood sampling stabs made before delivery. Eighteen hours after delivery blood samples showed marked prolongation of the prothrombin time. The condition was successfully treated with vitamin K(1) and blood transfusion.
Spending and Quality of Care for Medicare Beneficiaries in Massachusetts
Authors: Jeffrey Brown
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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