tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Q fever epidemic in Hungary, April to July 2013
Authors: M Gyuranecz, K M Sulyok, E Balla, T Mag, A Balázs, Z Simor, B Dénes, S Hornok, P Bajnóczi, H M Hornstra, T Pearson, P Keim, A Dán
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

We investigated a Q fever outbreak with human patients showing high fever, respiratory tract symptoms, headache and retrosternal pain in southern Hungary in the spring and summer of 2013. Seventy human cases were confirmed by analysing their serum and blood samples with micro-immunofluorescence test and real-time PCR. The source of infection was a merino sheep flock of 450 ewes, in which 44.6% (25/56) seropositivity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Coxiella burnetii DNA was detected by real-time PCR in the milk of four of 20 individuals and in two thirds (41/65) of the manure samples. The multispacer sequence typing examination of C. burnetii DNA revealed sequence type 18 in one human sample and two manure samples from the sheep flock. The multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis pattern of the sheep and human strains were also almost identical, 4/5-9-3-3-0-5 (Ms23-Ms24-Ms27-Ms28-Ms33-Ms34). It is hypothesised that dried manure and maternal fluid contaminated with C. burnetii was dispersed by the wind from the sheep farm towards the local inhabitants. The manure was eliminated in June and the farm was disinfected in July. The outbreak ended at the end of July 2013.
A five-day ward as part of a comprehensive surgical service.
Authors: C V Ruckley, J B Ferguson, C Cuthbertson
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The role of a five-day ward was examined as part of an audit of the work of a general surgical unit. The four levels of care for elective operations were main ward, five-day ward, major day care, and minor day care. In a prospective study 2000 consecutive patients were followed through their hospital courses from the first referral to the surgical clinic to the postoperative follow-up visit. The aim was to measure the surgical needs of this population and to determine the rates of success or failure in carrying through the planned care. One thousand and forty-five (52%) of the referred patients were put on waiting lists, and of these, 975 (93%) completed their hospital course within the two years of the study. The surgeons chose five-day ward care for 28% of the patients, major and minor day care for 8% and 33% respectively, leaving only 30% who were judged to require care in the main ward. Selections were validated by postoperative interview, which showed that 82% had followed the expected hospital course, and by monitoring deviations from planned care. Four per cent of the five-day ward patients required transfer to the main ward and 3.3% required readmission. Patients managed in the five-day ward were on average younger and the conditions less urgent than those in the main ward. We conclude that a five-day ward can fulfil a large and important part of a general surgical service provided that its function is closely integrated with other parts of the service and that patients are accurately assessed in the outpatient clinic.
THE OUTBREAK OF CHOLERA IN THE PHILIPPINES IN 1905.THE METHODS USED IN COMBATING IT, WITH STATISTICS TO JAN. 1, 1906.
Authors: VICTOR G. HEISER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

According to the official records on file at the Bureau of Health for the Philippine Islands, the last case of cholera of the pandemic which commenced March 20, 1902, was reported to have occurred March 8, 1904. During that period 166,252 cases, with 109,461 deaths, were reported. Reliable observers are of the opinion that at least one additional case occurred for each one that found its way into the official records. From March 8, 1904, until Aug. 23, 1905, no cases are known to have occurred. From time to time during this latter period suspicious cases, which clinically resembled Asiatic cholera, came to the attention of the Insular Board of Health, but the diagnosis could not be confirmed bacteriologically. For the two weeks immediately preceding August 23, the number of suspicious cases increased. In Manila, one occurred in San Pedro Macati, a suburb; one in a bakery in Paco; one
Correlation of chromosome counts with histological appearances and prognosis in transitional-cell carcinoma of bladder.
Authors: D. Lamb
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Focal Sclerosis of Retinal Arteries-Dark and Rizk MEDICALJOURNAL 273 in Case 2 were more rapid and extensive and subsequently produced serious loss of visual field.These field changes were of two distinct types: (1) an insidious progressive loss corre- sponding with gradually increasing ischaemia in the retinal
In vivo angiogenic activity and hypoxia induction of heterodimers of placenta growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor.
Authors: Y Cao, P Linden, D Shima, F Browne, J Folkman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To investigate the in vivo angiogenic activity of placenta growth factor (PIGF) and its heterodimers with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the induction of neovascularization of these factors in the mouse cornea was studied. VEGF165 is sufficiently potent to stimulate new capillary growth from the limbal vessels. PIGF129/VEGF165 heterodimers also induce corneal neovascularization with a maximal vessel length similar to VEGF165, but with a marked decrease of vessel density. In contrast, PIGF129 has little or no effect in this in vivo angiogenesis assay. The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein is drastically up-regulated by hypoxia in choriocarcinoma cells, whereas expression of PIGF is not affected by the low concentration of oxygen. Up-regulation of VEGF production results in increased formation of PIGF/VEGF heterodimers in these tumor cells. Thus, hypoxia indirectly up-regulates expression levels of PIGF/VEGF heterodimers and modulates VEGF activity when these factors are co-expressed.
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in a Previously Healthy Adult
Authors: Richard E. Waldhorn
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE OCCURRENCE of<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia in normal adults has been reported only rarely; it is almost exclusively a disease of immunocompromised hosts.<sup>1</sup>A case of a previously healthy adult with fatal<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia, documented by open lung biopsy and necropsy, who was treated unsuccessfully with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate, is presented. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 38-year-old homosexual man was in excellent health until July 1980, two months before admission to the hospital, when recurrent sore throats, anorexia, and dyspnea began. These symptoms continued; one week before admission, fever, night sweats, headache, and a nonproductive cough developed. Progressive fever to 39.4 °C, substernal chest pain, and dyspnea on minimal exertion led to his admission. No coryza, myalgias, arthralgias, or mental changes were noted. The patient appeared ill; respirations were 36/min; pulse rate, 88 beats per minute; and temperature, 40.3 °C. Results of the physical examination were otherwise
Working with the US Food and Drug Administration: Progress and timelines in understanding and treating patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Marc E. Rothenberg, Seema Aceves, Peter A. Bonis, Margaret H. Collins, Nirmala Gonsalves, Sandeep K. Gupta, Ikuo Hirano, Chris A. Liacouras, Phil E. Putnam, Jonathan M. Spergel, Alex Straumann, Barry K. Wershil, Glenn T. Furuta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Protective effects of thiol compounds on chromate-induced toxicity in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: N Susa, S Ueno, Y Furukawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The effects of thiol compounds (L-cysteine ethyl ester, 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, or 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid) on the toxicity induced by chromate (potassium dichromate) were investigated in HeLa cells and mice. Chromate-induced cytotoxicity evaluated by inhibition of cell growth and chromium content of the cells was diminished by all of the thiol compounds tested when the cells were incubated in the medium with both chromate and one of the thiol compounds. In mice injected ip with a thiol compound immediately after injection of chromate, mortality, ornithine carbamyl transferase activity in the serum, and chromium content in the liver were diminished remarkably compared with mice injected with chromate alone. These thiol compounds also caused an increase of urinary chromium excretion. These results suggest that the thiol compounds tested are useful for treating chromate-induced toxicity when they are given immediately after intake of the metal.
Postextrasystolic left ventricular isovolumic pressure decay is not monoexponential
Authors: Michael Courtois, Benico Barzilai, Andrew F Hall, Philip A Ludbrook
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: The relationship between the left ventricular (LV) relaxation time constant and early diastolic filling is not fully defined. This study provides additional evidence that LV isovolumic pressure fall in the normal intact heart in response to certain interventions is not adequately described by a model of monoexponential decay and that its relationship to filling is complex. Methods and results: To gain further insight into the relationship between LV relaxation and early rapid filling we measured LV isovolumic relaxation rate, peak early filling velocity (E), LV volumes, and transmitral pressures at baseline and in the first postextrasystolic beat after a short-coupled extrasystole in 9 anesthetized dogs. Postextrasystolic isovolumic relaxation rate was slowed as measured by 3 commonly used time constants, while E was increased 32%. LV contractility and peak pressure were also increased, while LV end-systolic volume was decreased. LV minimum pressure was deceased, while the early diastolic transmitral pressure gradient was increased. Although all relaxation time constants measured over the entire isovolumic relaxation phase indicated slowed relaxation, direct measurement of isovolumic relaxation time indicated no change in relaxation rate. Calculation of the time constants and direct measurement of isovolumic relaxation time during early isovolumic pressure decay indicated slowed postextrasystolic pressure decay rate compared with baseline, while calculation of time constants and direct measurement of isovolumic relaxation time during late isovolumic relaxation indicated augmented postextrasystolic pressure decay rate versus baseline. Conclusions: This non-exponential behavior of LV isovolumic pressure decay in postextrasystolic beats after short-coupled extrasystoles provides further evidence that the relationship that exists between ventricular relaxation and early filling is not simple. The results are interpreted in terms of current theoretical formulations that attribute control of myocardial relaxation to the interaction between inactivation-dependent and load-dependent mechanisms.
GMC drops case against man accused of submitting incorrect data about heart device to medical journal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The case against a consultant cardiologist charged by the General Medical Council with submitting an abstract to a conference with data he knew were wrong has collapsed after a ruling that the complainant was not an impartial witness.

Michael Mullen of the Heart Hospital in London is one of two doctors who took part in the MIST (Migraine Intervention with STARFlex Technology) trial who faced misconduct allegations at the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service (MPTS). The charges followed a complaint to the GMC by the principal co-investigator, Peter Wilmshurst, an honorary consultant cardiologist at the University Hospital of North Staffordshire.1

The trial of a device for closing patent foramen ovale in treating migraine hit the headlines when Wilmshurst was sued for defamation by its manufacturer, US based NMT Medical, over comments he made to a reporter at a cardiology conference in the US about the conduct of the clinical trial. The case collapsed when the company went into liquidation.2

Mullen’s counsel Stephen …
Live Video Demonstrations
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

As one who pioneered live endoscopy demonstrations many years ago, and who also raised concern about their safety and ethics [1], I was delighted to read the reassuring report from the Brussels group [2]. They are to be congratulated on two counts. The results themselves are impressive, showing no increased risk amongst patients undergoing procedures during their prestigious meetings, when compared with routine cases. Also, it is most impressive that they were able to assemble the data for this report, over a period of 12 years.
The Influenza Epidemic in Abadan
Authors: H. A. K. Rowland
Journal: BMJ (1958)

FULMINATING INFLUENZABJRrr own blood.If this is the case, then at present our only hope of preventing such an occurrence lies in active immuni- zation.This should be considered in the light of a possible second wave to the epidemic where the strain of virus may well be enhanced in virulence.As in my cases, the majority of deaths reported in this epidemic occurred in that inter- mediate group of people between the very young and the very old, and so it would seem desirable that this group should be the first to receive vaccination. SummaryThree cases of sudden death in young men due to fulminating haemorrhagic influenzal pneumonia are described.The gross pathological changes present in the lungs of these victims failed to produce correspondingly severe signs and symptoms.The bacteriological and histological findings suggest that the haemorrhagic pneumonia may have been due primarily to the virus.ADDENDUM.-Since this paper was written I have seen two further cases of precisely the same nature.The patients were males aged 51 and 24.The latter case is the subject of a medico-legal note on p. 469.
Reliability of the Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-Testing Questionnaire in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jill H. Simmons, Kim K. McFann, Alex C. Brown, Amanda Rewers, Donna Follansbee, Rita E. Temple-Trujillo, Georgeanna J. Klingensmith
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The Diabetes Fear of Injecting and Self-Testing Questionnaire (D-FISQ) has been validated in the adult population (1–4), but there is no reliable tool to assess needle fear in the pediatric population with type 1 diabetes. Our objectives were to demonstrate the reliability of the D-FISQ in the pediatric type 1 diabetic population, to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear, and to determine the ability of medical care providers to identify needle fear.

Patients aged 2–21 years with type 1 diabetes were eligible to participate if they had a diabetes duration of >1 month, took insulin by injection, and were English speaking. Exclusion criteria included being a ward of the state, using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy, and not having a parent/legal guardian present. Potential subjects were approached by study personnel at regularly scheduled clinic visits, and consent was obtained. The study was approved by the institutional review board.

The D-FISQ was administered to each subject and his/her parent or guardian. The D-FISQ is a 30-item self-report questionnaire consisting of two subscales that measure fear of self-injecting (FSI) and fear of self-testing (FST), the latter measuring fear of blood glucose testing (1). The D-FISQ was administered to each parent and each child as follows. If the child self-administered his/her own injections and/or …
Endocrinology in Miniature
Authors: C. L. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1970)

high price.Those interested in mycoplasmas went through a long and difficult exercise in order to have their subject properly estab- lished and fully recognized even among microbiologists.Mycoplasmas are relatively difficult to culture and they turn up in so many situations that it was hard to make a realistic assessment of their connexion with diseases.This task proved easier in the animal than in the human field, and it is notable that many of the outstanding contri- butors to this book have not primarily a medical interest.In their fundamental biology, classifica- tion, serology, morphology, and physiology the mycoplasmas represent a world of par- ticular interest.All of it is admirably set out
Slow Ventricular Activation in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JOHN P. BOINEAU, JIMMY L. COX
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The evolution of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in acute myocardial infarction was studied by recording bipolar potentials from the left ventricle before and after coronary artery occlusion in dogs. The potentials were recorded from 154 locations in the left ventricular wall as well as at the endocardial and epicardial surfaces. Desynchronization and marked slowing of previously uniform activation was noted and resembled abbreviated, local fibrillation. The dissociation of excitation was either simple, characterized by fragmentation into single delayed spikes, or complex, characterized by numerous spikes. Sustained, desynchronized activity, confined to local myocardial areas, was observed up to 215 msec after the onset of activation. These local areas of sustained excitation functioned as a source of re-entrant activity and were associated with PVCs. Histochemical stains of myocardium indicated a relationship between the inhomogeneous distribution of ischemia (stain) and the desynchronization of the electrical activity.
Setting post-2015 health goals: an empirical assessment based on the GBD 2010 results
Authors: Katrina F Ortblad, Rafael Lozano, Christopher JL Murray
Journal: The Lancet (2013)

BackgroundSetting ambitious targets to address health problems has proven to be an effective motivator for change. We used the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2010 to explore what would be technically feasible but ambitious and motivating goals for Millennium Development Goals 4, 5, and 6.MethodsWe outlined desirable target attributes and used these to guide our analysis. Annualised percentile declines for the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) as well as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, under-5 mortality, and adult mortality rates from 2000 to 2010 were analysed for 187 countries. Using the 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile declines as well as highest decline observed in a developing country, rates of change from 2015 to 2030 were calculated. These same percentile declines were also used to project country-specific indicator estimates for 2030 that, when aggregated to the global level, informed absolute indicator targets.FindingsWe applied consistent criteria across each indicator; the most ambitious indicator targets were generated with the 99th percentile declines. Using these declines, rates of change from 2015 to 2030 were 85·0% for MMR, 88·3% for HIV/AIDS, 71·6% for tuberculosis, 95·7% for malaria, 80·7% for under-5 mortality, and 74·7% for adult mortality. In comparison, rates of change for these indicators using the less ambitious 90th percentile declines were 62·0%, 58·9%, 52·7%, 86·9%, 58·2%, and 32·8%, respectively. The absolute targets generated from the most ambitious percent declines were 15·8 (95% CI 13·0–18·6), 1·2 (1·1–1·3), 0·3 (0·3–0·4), and 3·3 (2·5–3·7) deaths per 100 000, and 4·1 (4·0–4·3) and 96·6 (93·9–99·5) deaths per 1000 for these indicators.InterpretationSetting absolute targets for all countries shifts the focus of health goals away from high-burden countries and towards countries that need the most help in achieving the targets. Absolute targets are equity promoting and can easily be applied at subnational levels. New resources and strategies, however, need to be developed in order to accelerate progress in countries furthest from the targets.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
829-4 Dose thrombus aspiration with distal protection using PercuSurge™ before stenting for acute myocardial infarction reduce no-reflow phenomenon?
Authors: Yoshiaki Ito, Toshiya Muramatsu, Reiko Tsukahara, Keisuke Hirano, Shigeru Nishimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Proteolysis of monocyte CD14 by human leukocyte elastase inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated cell activation
Authors: Karine Le-Barillec, Mustapha Si-Tahar, Viviane Balloy, Michel Chignard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Human leukocyte elastase (HLE), a polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) serine proteinase, is proteolytically active on some membrane receptors at the surface of immune cells. The present study focused on the effect of HLE on the expression of CD14, the main bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor at the surface of monocytes. HLE exhibited a time- and concentration-dependent downregulatory effect on CD14 surface expression. A 30-minute incubation of 3 μM HLE was required to display 95% disappearance of the receptor. This downregulation resulted from a direct proteolytic process, not from a shedding consecutive to monocyte activation as observed upon challenge with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). To confirm that CD14 is a substrate for HLE, this enzyme was incubated with recombinant human CD14 (Mr ∼ 57,000), and proteolysis was further analyzed by immunoblot analysis. Cleavage of the CD14 molecule was directly evidenced by the generation of short-lived fragments (Mr ∼ 47,000 and 30,000). As a consequence of the CD14 proteolysis, a decrease in the responsiveness of monocytes to LPS was observed, as assessed by measuring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) formation. This inhibition was only observed with 1 ng/ml of LPS, i.e., when only the CD14-dependent pathway was involved. At a higher LPS concentration, such as 10 μg/ml, when CD14-independent pathways were operative, this inhibition was overcome. The direct proteolysis by HLE of the membrane CD14 expressed on monocytes illustrates a potential anti-inflammatory effect of HLE through inhibition of LPS-mediated cell activation.
Re: Richard J. Sylvester, Maurizio A. Brausi, Wim J. Kirkels, et al. Long-Term Efficacy Results of EORTC Genito-Urinary Group Randomized Phase 3 Study 30911 Comparing Intravesical Instillations of Epirubicin, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin plus Isoniazid in Patients with Intermediate- and High-Risk Stage Ta T1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder. Eur Urol 2010;57:766–73
Authors: Tommaso Cai, Lorenzo Giuseppe Luciani, Gianni Malossini
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are significantly associated with chronic graft-versus-host disease and with the graft-versus-leukemia effect
Authors: Emiko Sakaida, Chiaki Nakaseko, Akane Harima, Akira Yokota, Ryuko Cho, Yasushi Saito, Miki Nishimura
Journal: Blood (2003)
The Spectrum of Anginal and Noncardiac Chest Pain
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1964)

When chest pain, pressure, or other thoracic sensations are present, one must exclude angina pectoris and significant coronary artery disease and also discover noncardiac conditions, if present. Again, one should avoid unjustifiably diagnosing coronary artery disease when it does not exist. Not one single feature, hitherto considered characteristic of coronary disease or of a noncardiac lesion, is definitive in differential diagnosis. Physical findings, blood pressure, heart size, heart configuration, heart valves, and resting electrocardiogram are often normal. Hence, negative objective observations must not serve as evidence of the absence of significant interference with the coronary artery circulation. Differentiation by history alone between chest pain or pressure caused by coronary disease and that caused by noncardiac or functional disorders is often impossible. This is true even if the history is obtained in detail by an experienced physician.
Reoperation for prosthetic aortic valve obstruction in the era of echocardiography: trends in diagnostic testing and comparison with surgical findings
Authors: Steven E Girard, Fletcher A Miller, Thomas A Orszulak, Charles J Mullany, Samantha Montgomery, William D Edwards, Henry D Tazelaar, Joseph F Malouf, A.Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)