tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: Potential changes in management for clinically isolated episode of optic neuritis
Authors: Peter D Cackett, James Cameron, Harry Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
Supported elective angioplasty procedures without on-site cardiac surgery is associated with low risk of adverse events
Authors: Kirk N. Garratt, Henry T. Ting, Mandeep Singh, Ryan J. Lennon, Katherine L. Boutchee, Joseph A. Dearani, Jack T. Cusma, Douglas L. Wood, David R. Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Surgery for Breast Cancer
Authors: C. Barber Mueller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

This issue of the Journal contains some results of two multicenter studies by the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project,1 , 2 which go far toward defining a new rationale for surgical management of potentially curable breast cancer.Historically, radical mastectomy, first proposed around 1900, was used for women with large tumors. Its results were measured by short-term survival, and the operation was justified by subsequent investigations that showed permeation of the lymphatics leading from the primary tumor to axillary nodes. It was the general consensus that cancer started as a local disease, extended both by direct invasion and lymphatic permeation, . . .
A CASE OF COMPLETE SYPHILITIC ALOPECIA
Authors: George C. Kindley
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In 1916 Thompson<sup>1</sup>reported a case of complete syphilitic alopecia, and stated that the textbooks either fail to mention the disease or dismiss it as being rare. Abraham and Davis<sup>2</sup>have stated that a few cases have come under their observation. In 1900 a case was presented by Chambers<sup>3</sup>before the Toronto Clinical Society. In view of the medicolegal aspect of the case in hand and exceedingly limited number of similar cases to be found in medical literature, I desire to report the following case. <h3>History.</h3> —G. H., a section laborer for several years, aged 49, white, and single, entered the Santa Fe Hospital, Temple, Texas, April 8, 1915, complaining of slight cough and some pain in the right side of the chest. The family history was negative. The patient stated that he had had typhoid fever, measles, mumps and whooping cough when a boy, and smallpox
Guidelines for Perinatal Care
Authors: Robert T. Brouillette
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The second edition of<i>Guidelines for Perinatal Care</i>represents a joint effort by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. As such it mirrors the close working relationship between pediatric and obstetric specialists so necessary for improving pregnancy outcome for mothers and babies. The text should be considered an essential reference for all those concerned with the care of pregnant women and their fetuses and neonates. It should be available to physicians, nurses, hospital administrators, and health planners. It fills a real need between the simplistic "how-to" manuals and the extensive textbooks of neonatology and maternalfetal medicine that run 1000 pages and cost $100 or more. For most common problems,<i>Guidelines for Perinatal Care</i>provides a clear and concise review of the area. The book is particularly helpful in distinguishing areas of agreement, where clear standards of care are indicated, from areas of uncertainty,
The Reduction in Symptoms of Diabetic Patients After Treatment in Diabetic Clinics
Authors: C J Bulpitt, K M Shaw, Pamela Clifton, Arnold Bloom
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

One hundred and seventy-six patients who were newly referred to two diabetic clinics completed an initial questionnaire and a second questionnaire 1 yr later. Over the 1-yr period the average 2-h postprandial blood sugar was reduced from 13.8 to 8.8 mmol/L. The questionnaire included 33 questions on symptoms, and four symptoms improved by more than 10%: increased thirst (reduced by 29%), dry mouth (reduced by 24%), pruritus (17%), and weakness in the limbs (10%). No symptom was increased by more than 7%. The changes in five symptoms were significantly related to the changes in blood sugar observed, the improvement in symptoms being associated with reductions in blood sugar. These results are contrasted with newly referred hypertensive patients in whom marked improvements in symptoms were not observed and an increased frequency of certain symptoms was observed owing to drug side effects.
Unknown primary adenocarcinoma: incidence of overinvestigation and natural history.
Authors: J F Stewart, M H Tattersall, R L Woods, R M Fox
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Out of 1300 patients referred to a medical oncology unit, there were 87 with metastatic cancer in whom a primary tumour site was not evident from the history and after physical examination and chest radiography had been carried out. An analysis of the investigations performed in these patients and their results showed that in only eight of the 87 patients did non-surgical investigations at presentation determine the primary site. In two patients it was identified by diagnostic laparotomy, and in a further 13 clinical follow-up led to recognition of the primary tumour site before death. Few investigations should be performed in patients in whom the primary site is known since they have a low yield, and in our population identifying the primary tumour did not improve the outcome or alter management. Treatable tumours should be excluded, and this may be done in most cases by simple blood tests, particularly those measuring acid phosphatase activity and other tumour markers.
Intermediary Metabolism—Before and After Isotopes
Authors: A. BAIRD HASTINGS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

Special Article1 November 1964Intermediary Metabolism—Before and After IsotopesA. BAIRD HASTINGS, PH.D.A. BAIRD HASTINGS, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-5-966 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI am deeply honored to have been asked to address you this morning—particulary because I am a so-called biochemist and not a physician, but I hope that you will not underestimate my deep concern and interest in the practical clinical problems of medicine, even though I do not have the M.D. degree. I am fundamentally a physical chemist and physiologist who has spent his life in the medical profession ("on the job training," it might be called). Everything I have ever taught or worked on has had its origin in a medical or surgical problem. Those of you in the...References1. GRAVES R: Clinical Medicine, 1843, p. 29. Google Scholar2. PRIESTLEY J: Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air, J. Johnson, London, 1774, p. 87. Google Scholar3. RACKER E: Harvey Lectures 1957, p. 143. Google Scholar4. SOLOMONVENNESLANDKLEMPERERBUCHANANHASTINGS AKBFWJMAB: J. Biol. Chem. 140: 171, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. HASTINGSSOLOMONANFINSENGOULDROSENBERG ABAKCBRGIN: J. Biol. Chem. 177: 717, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LEIFERROTHHEMPELMANN ELJLH: Science 108: 748, 1948. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. DINTZISHASTINGS REAB: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 39: 571, 1953. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. CALKINSTAYLORHASTINGS EIMAB: Amer. J. Physiol. 177: 211, 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. HASTINGS AB: Diabetes 11: 361, 1962. MedlineGoogle Scholar10. HASTINGSDOWDLE ABEB: Trans. Ass. Amer. Phys. 73: 240, 1960. MedlineGoogle Scholar11. EICHENHOLZMULHAUSENANDERSONMACDONALD EROWEFM: J. Appl. Physiol. 17: 283, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: La Jolla, CaliforniaFrom the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Calif.This work was supported in part by grant-AM-03404, from the National Institute for Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, U. S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.American College of Physicians Award Lecture, presented at the Forty-fifth Annual Session, Atlantic City, N. J., on April 6, 1964.Requests for reprints should be addressed to A. Baird Hastings, Ph.D., Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1964Volume 61, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 966-974KeywordsArthritisChemistsMedical servicesMetabolic disordersUrea Issue Published: 1 November 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Brenda Diana Van Leuven
Authors: Melanie Davies
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Consultant radiologist St Stephen's and St Mary Abbot's hospitals, London, 1964-83 (b Southend 1922; q London 1946; MD, FRCP, FRCR), died from ovarian cancer on 6 March 2004.​2004.




Figure 1




Brenda spent three years working at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School at the Hammersmith Hospital, where she met and married a fellow physician. Her career was threatened when she developed pulmonary tuberculosis and spent months in a sanatorium (being one of the early recipients of isoniazid, which induced peripheral neuropathy). Having been advised to take up a less demanding post, she retrained in radiology. After retirement Brenda spent almost a year working in Australia, and travel became a passion. She leaves a daughter.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase is critical for immune-mediated liver injury in mice
Authors: Gabriele Sass, Kerstin Koerber, Renate Bang, Hans Guehring, Gisa Tiegs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Concanavalin A (Con A) causes severe TNF-α–mediated and IFN-γ–mediated liver injury in mice. In addition to their other functions, TNF-α and IFN-γ both induce the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS). Using different models of liver injury, NO was found to either mediate or prevent liver damage. To further elucidate the relevance of NO for liver damage we investigated the role of iNOS-derived NO in the Con A model. We report that iNOS mRNA was induced in livers of Con A–treated mice within 2 hours, with iNOS protein becoming detectable in hepatocytes as well as in Kupffer cells within 4 hours. iNOS–/– mice were protected from liver damage after Con A treatment, as well as in another TNF-α–mediated model that is inducible by LPS in D-galactosamine–sensitized (GalN-sensitized) mice. iNOS-deficient mice were not protected after direct administration of recombinant TNF-α to GalN-treated mice. Accordingly, pretreatment of wild-type mice with a potent and specific inhibitor of iNOS significantly reduced transaminase release after Con A or GalN/LPS, but not after GalN/TNF-α treatment. Furthermore, the amount of plasma TNF-α and of intrahepatic TNF-α mRNA and protein was significantly reduced in iNOS–/– mice. Our results demonstrate that iNOS-derived NO regulates proinflammatory genes in vivo, thereby contributing to inflammatory liver injury in mice by stimulation of TNF-α production.
Where the chips fall: environmental health in the semiconductor industry.
Authors: R Chepesiuk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Three recent lawsuits are focusing public attention on the environmental and occupational health effects of the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing sector-the $150 billion semiconductor industry. The suits allege that exposure to toxic chemicals in semiconductor manufacturing plants led to adverse health effects such as miscarriage and cancer among workers. To manufacture computer components, the semiconductor industry uses large amounts of hazardous chemicals including hydrochloric acid, toxic metals and gases, and volatile solvents. Little is known about the long-term health consequences of exposure to chemicals by semiconductor workers. According to industry critics, the semiconductor industry also adversely impacts the environment, causing groundwater and air pollution and generating toxic waste as a by-product of the semiconductor manufacturing process. In contrast, the U.S. Bureau of Statistics shows the semiconductor industry as having a worker illness rate of about one-third of the average of all manufacturers, and advocates defend the industry, pointing to recent research collaborations and product replacement as proof that semiconductor manufacturers adequately protect both their employees and the environment.
Israel considers paying people for donating a kidney
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The severe shortage of kidneys for transplantation has induced Israel's health ministry to make a 180 degree turn in its policy and prepare a bill allowing compensation to be paid to people who donate a kidney for transplantation.

Averse to the idea of organ “selling,” the ministry's legal experts stipulated that the compensation—whose amount has not yet been set—would be considered reimbursement to donors for their time, inconvenience, discomfort, and recovery.

If the bill is passed by the 16th Knesset (parliament), due to be elected on 28 January, it would be the first of its kind in the world, said ministry …
Mechanisms of Angina in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ERNEST L. FALLEN, WILLIAM C. ELLIOTT, RICHARD GORLIN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The pathophysiology of cardiac pain in pure aortic stenosis has primarily been ascribed to an augmented left ventricular demand outstripping energy supply. This report provides evidence that not only is the energy demand increased but the supply in terms of coronary vascular reserve may be impaired, particularly in response to stress. Hemodynamic and coronary circulatory changes were studied in 18 patients with aortic stenosis during standard isoproterenol infusion. It was not possible to differentiate any patient with or without angina pectoris or patients with or without coronary artery disease on a basis of change in any measure of left ventricular dynamics. On the other hand, differences did occur in the mechanisms of energy delivery during isoproterenol stress: (1) In group A (aortic stenosis without angina or coronary artery disease), coronary flow increased normally, myocardial oxygen extraction decreased, and myocardial lactate production occurred in only one of seven patients. This suggested that energy supply was, generally, adequate to demand. (2) In group B (critical aortic stenosis with angina but no coronary disease), coronary flow rose insignificantly, myocardial oxygen extraction actually increased in three of five patients, and abnormal glycolysis occurred in all patients. This suggested that little or no reserve for increased coronary flow existed and that compensatory mechanisms had to be summoned. (3) In group C (aortic stenosis with angina and coronary artery disease), coronary flow rose normally, myocardial oxygen extraction decreased normally, but abnormal lactate metabolism occurred in most patients. This suggested adequate overall coronary reserve but evidence of regional ischemia.
FDG Uptake in Sacroiliac Joint Due to Osteitis Condensans Ilii Shown on PET/CT in a Patient With Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang-Cheng Lee, Kuan-Yung Chen, Jainn-Shiun Chiu, Chia-Hung Kao, Guang-Uei Hung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 56-year-old woman with breast cancer underwent FDG PET/CT at follow-up. The PET images showed increased FDG uptake along right sacroiliac joint. The coregistered CT images showed diffuse sclerosis around the sacroiliac joints, but no bony destruction, periarticular erosion, or joint space narrowing. She had been complaining of intermittent lower back pain since her last pregnancy. The radiologic pictures and history of postpartum back pain were considered as typical characteristics for osteitis condensans ilii. This case reminds us that careful inspection of the coregistered CT images is important to avoid potential misinterpretation because of osteitis condensans ilii.
Comparison of the effects of food and carbachol on the absorption of vitamin B12 after partial gastrectomy
Authors: A. Turnbull
Journal: Gut (1969)

Absorption of radioactive vitamin B<sub>12</sub> was measured by the Schilling procedure in 14 patients who had had a partial gastrectomy. Injection of carbachol (250 μg) before the administration of the test dose increased absorption to a much smaller degree than the ingestion of a light meal containing a minimal quantity of the natural vitamin. The results support the belief that food may improve absorption of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> after partial gastrectomy by stimulating the secretion of a small residual amount of intrinsic factor.
Cell Biology: A Future Fueled by Genomics
Authors: Doris Margolis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Current Clinical Issues15 May 2001Cell Biology: A Future Fueled by GenomicsDoris MargolisDoris MargolisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-10-200105150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Anyone who doubts the massive economic power of the biomedical industry would have needed only to survey the exhibition hall at the annual conference of the American Society for Cell Biology, held in San Francisco from 9 to 13 December 2000. The Moscone Convention Center exhibition area, the size of three football fields, was packed with exhibitors from all over the world, elegantly displaying sophisticated biomedical wares, publications, and information on educational opportunities. Tucked into a pocket of this mammoth show of technical and economic prowess was a rotating display of 2763 scientific poster sessions. The scope and size of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Doris Margolis PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 2001Volume 134, Issue 10Page: 1013-1014KeywordsCell bindingCell biologyImmune responseIntegrinsLactobacillusMembrane proteinsPathogensProbioticsProteinsVenoms ePublished: 15 May 2001 Issue Published: 15 May 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy: Indications, Diagnostic Yield, and Complications in a Series of 275 Patients with Suspected Small-Bowel Disease
Authors: G. D. Heine, M. Hadithi, M. J. Groenen, E. J. Kuipers, M. A. Jacobs, C. J. Mulder
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Until recently, only the proximal small bowel was accessible for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. This paper describes experience in the first 275 patients examined and treated with the new method of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), which is expected to make full-length enteroscopy possible. Patients and Methods: Between November 2003 and May 2005, double-balloon enteroscopy was conducted in 275 consecutive patients presenting at two tertiary referral hospitals. The characteristics of the patients, indications for the procedures, procedural parameters, and diagnostic yield are described here. All conventional treatment options were available. The tolerability of the procedure was assessed in a small subset of the patients. After the procedure, the patients were monitored in a recovery room for at least 2h. They were discharged afterwards, provided there were no signs of complications or complaints. Results: The main indication for DBE was suspected small-bowel bleeding (n = 168), and the lesions responsible for the bleeding were found in 123 patients (73 %) and treated in 61 (55 %). In patients with refractory celiac disease (n = 25), DBE revealed a high proportion (six patients, 23 %) of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphomas that had not been suspected on other tests. Further DBE indications were surveillance and treatment of hereditary polyposis syndromes (n = 20); and suspected Crohn's disease, which was diagnosed with DBE in four of 13 patients (30 %). No relevant pathology was found in 24 % of the patients. Panenteroscopy was successfully performed in 26 of 62 patients (42 %) in whom it was attempted, in either one or two sessions. The average duration of the procedures was 90 min (range 30 - 180 min, SD 42), and the average insertion length was 270 cm (range 60 - 600 cm, SD 104). Patients' tolerance of the procedure was excellent. Severe complications were recognized in three cases (1 %), all involving pancreatitis. Conclusions: This large pilot series shows that DBE is a well-tolerated and safe new endoscopic technique with a high diagnostic yield in selected patients.
Acute Complete Heart Block in Dogs
Authors: T. E. STARZL, R. A. GAERTNER, R. ROBINSON BAKER
Journal: Circulation (1955)

A study has been conducted immediately and up to 18 days after the surgical production of complete heart block in dogs. Immediately after surgery cardiac output, coronary flow, and mean arterial pressure were reduced in rough proportion to the degree of bradycardia. In time, these measures began to return toward preoperative levels. Paralleling the diminished left ventricular work was a diminished left ventricular oxygen consumption with little consequent change in myocardial efficiency. Small rises were detected in central venous pressure. At autopsy, the only unequivocal abnormality was myocardial hypertrophy which became measurable between 2 and 18 days after operation.