tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obesity, Weight Gain, and the Risk of Kidney Stones
Authors: Eric N. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Context Larger body size may result in increased urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, and uric acid, thereby increasing the risk for calcium-containing kidney stones.It is unclear if obesity increases the risk of stone formation, and it is not known if weight gain influences risk. ObjectiveTo determine if weight, weight gain, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference are associated with kidney stone formation.Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective study of 3 large cohorts: the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (N=45988 men; age range at baseline, 40-75 years), the Nurses' Health Study I (N=93758 older women; age range at baseline, 34-59 years), and the Nurses' Health Study II (N=101877 younger women; age range at baseline, 27-44 years).Main Outcome Measures Incidence of symptomatic kidney stones. ResultsWe documented 4827 incident kidney stones over a combined 46 years of follow-up.After adjusting for age, dietary factors, fluid intake, and thiazide use, the relative risk (RR) for stone formation in men weighing more than 220 lb (100.0 kg) vs men less than 150 lb (68.2 kg) was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.86;P=.002 for trend).In older and younger women, RRs for these weight categories were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.52-2.36;PϽ.001 for trend) and 1.92 (95% CI, 1.59-2.31;PϽ.001 for trend), respectively.The RR in men who gained more than 35 lb (15.9 kg) since age 21 years vs men whose weight did not change was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.14-1.70;P=.001 for trend).Corresponding RRs for the same categories of weight gain since age 18 years in older and younger women were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.40-2.05;PϽ.001 for trend) and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.50-2.21;PϽ.001 for trend).Body mass index was associated with the risk of kidney stone formation: the RR for men with a BMI of 30 or greater vs those with a BMI of 21 to 22.9 was 1.33 (95% CI, 1.08-1.63;PϽ.001 for trend).Corresponding RRs for the same categories of BMI in older and younger women were 1.90 (95% CI, 1.61-2.25;PϽ.001 for trend) and 2.09 (95% CI, 1.77-2.48;PϽ.001 for trend).Waist circumference was also positively associated with risk in men (P=.002 for trend) and in older and younger women (PϽ.001 for trend for both).Conclusions Obesity and weight gain increase the risk of kidney stone formation.The magnitude of the increased risk may be greater in women than in men.
Isolated recurrence of vesicobullous incontinentia pigmenti in a schoolgirl
Authors: S. Darné, A.J. Carmichael
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, The inflammatory vesicobullous first stage of incontinentia pigmenti (IP) can recur, albeit rarely. It has previously been described only in infants and young children under the age of 18 months and it has usually been preceded by a systemic infection. A 5‐year‐old schoolgirl presented with a 2‐day history of a linear rash on her right leg extending from the medial knee to the buttock and consisting of vesicobullous lesions arising on inflamed skin (Fig. 1). There was no history of anteceding systemic illness or trauma. In addition, there were symmetrical linear white atrophic streaks on her trunk and limbs, as a consequence of her neonatal involvement with the same rash. Swabs for bacterial and viral culture were negative and C‐reactive protein was normal. She was known to have maternally inherited IP and had first presented 2 days after birth with a whorled vesicobullous erythematous eruption on both legs and the trunk. She had subsequently remained well, with no complications.
Estimation of instantaneous blood flow through a rigid, coronary artery stenosis in anaesthetised domestic swine
Authors: Y. SUN, A. S MOST, W. OHLEY, H. GEWIRTZ
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

This study tested the hypothesis that instantaneous coronary flow rate (Q) through a severe rigid coronary artery stenosis of known dimensions can be reliably estimated by measuring the instantaneous pressure gradient (ΔP) across the stenosis. A non-linear model for stenosis ΔP was employed (Δ P=RQ+SQ2, where R and S are constants describing stenosis geometry). Flow rate was determined by solving for the positive root of the quadratic equation, Q=(−R+√R2+4S (ΔP))/2S. Four open chest, anaesthetised, domestic swine were studied. A 7.0 mm long rigid stenosis (82% reduction in vessel diameter) was placed in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Pressure distal to the stenosis was obtained with a fluid filled catheter (ID=1.4 mm) the distal end of which was secured within and open to the distal end of the stenosis. Aortic pressure corrected for phase delay in the time domain was taken as pressure proximal to the stenosis. An electromagnetic (EMF) flow probe positioned just proximal to the stenosis measured instantaneous flow. All pressure wave forms and the EMF flow signal were digitised on line and transmitted to a computer for analysis. Simultaneous computed and EMF flows for an average cardiac cycle were obtained in each animal: 1) at control; 2) after 10 min of adenosine infusion into the distal LAD; and 3) at a second control period. Computed and measured flow signals were compared on a point by point basis (5 ms resolution). The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.94±0.04 (mean±1SD) for the entire cycle (P<0.0001), 0.86±0.09 for systole (P<0.001) and 0.97±0.04 for diastole (P<0.0001). The absolute value of mean flow rate computed (0.50±0.15, cm3·s−1) correlated well (r=0.95, P<0.001), with mean flow rate measured (0.53±0.22). Computed mean diastolic flow rate (0.64±0.15) also correlated well (r=0.79, P<0.002) with measured mean diastolic flow rate (0.69±0.21). Thus, instantaneous coronary blood flow through a severe, rigid stenosis of known dimensions can be reliably estimated from instantaneous measurement of stenosis pressure gradient and a non-linear, quadratic model of stenosis pressure-flow relations.
A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS
Authors: J. E. Smadel, R. D. Baird, M. J. Wall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

The virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis can be sedimented in the ultracentrifuge and washed repeatedly; the virus retains its activity provided that a small amount of normal serum is present in the diluent. A soluble substance capable of fixing complement in the presence of immune serum can be separated from the virus. Washed virus fixes complement poorly. The serologically specific soluble antigen is widely distributed in tissues of infected guinea pigs, mice, and monkeys.
Sporadic Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Clinical Relevance of BRCA1 Inhibition in the DNA Damage and Repair Pathway
Authors: Johanne I. Weberpals, Katherine V. Clark-Knowles, Barbara C. Vanderhyden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Among the most promising pathways for molecular targets in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancer (SEOC) are those involving the BRCA1 protein. Because somatic mutations in BRCA1 are rare in SEOC, it was originally postulated that BRCA1 plays a limited role in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, inactivation of BRCA1 through various mechanisms is a relatively frequent event in ovarian cancer. This is important because BRCA1 is involved in the cellular response to DNA damage and repair and has an essential role in the maintenance of genomic stability. The BRCA1 tumor suppressor protein is known to interact with genes and proteins known collectively as the BRCA1 pathway, and defects in this pathway are believed to be a driving force for cancer progression. As a result, there is compelling evidence to suggest that the dysfunction of BRCA1 may be a central mechanism in all ovarian carcinogenesis, and this has clinical and molecular significance beyond the management of patients with hereditary ovarian cancer. The aim of this review is to evaluate the evidence for BRCA1 dysfunction in SEOC and to link this dysfunction to a defective DNA repair pathway and ultimately the promotion of genomic instability and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we advocate the continued need to study BRCA1 and its pathway by prospectively correlating clinicopathologic data with molecular aberrations. This will determine whether BRCA1 has relevance as a predictive and prognostic marker in SEOC and whether aberrations in the BRCA1 pathway warrant further study as potential therapeutic targets.
613 ULTRA-DEEP PYROSEQUENCING AS A TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS QUASISPECIES EVOLUTION: STUDY OF A PATIENT SEQUENTIALLY TREATED WITH NUCLEOSIDE AND NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUES
Authors: F. Rodriguez-Frias, D. Tabernero, J. Quer, R. Jardí, M. Schaper, M. Homs, I. Ortega, P. Fernandez-Fernandez, R. Esteban, M. Buti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy-Reply
Authors: Ted Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Leachman draws attention to the difference in relative costs of closed surgical commissurotomy vs balloon commissurotomy in different countries. We note this point in the text of our article (page 1734, "Hospitalization and Costs").<sup>1</sup>Turi et al<sup>2</sup>have studied this issue specifically in a population treated in India, where the cost of disposable, nonreusable balloon catheters is relatively high. We do not feel that a return to the practices of the 1950s would advance the treatment of patients with mitral stenosis substantially. Further efforts to develop balloon catheters that can be sold at a lower cost or reused easily might provide a more attractive alternative. We hope also that cost-effectiveness studies will take into account the difference between a thoracotomy and a percutaneous procedure from the patient's perspective. Balloon mitral valvotomy may be performed as easily as closed surgical commissurotomy with adjunctive use of a
Drug Treatment in Depression
Authors: Karl Rickels
Journal: JAMA (1967)

With the goal to compare the clinical efficacy of the tricyclic compound protriptyline hydrochloride, the antianxiety agent meprobamate, the combination of both drugs, and placebo, a controlled double-blind study was conducted with depressed neurotic outpatients. The total study population was 157 patients. The results showed that over the four-week study period patients improved significantly more while receiving the three drugs than while receiving placebo. Initial level of anxiety effected the patient's response to medication. Patients with initially high anxiety responded best to the combination of protriptyline and meprobamate, followed by meprobamate alone, while those with initially low anxiety responded best to protriptyline alone. Initial anxiety level also influenced the reporting of side reactions.
Imaging and cell targeting characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles modified by a functionalizable zwitterionic polymer with adhesive 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine linkages
Authors: Lei Zhang, Hong Xue, Changlu Gao, Louisa Carr, Jinnan Wang, Baocheng Chu, Shaoyi Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Trends in paediatric medical admissions.
Authors: A. M. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In the Oxford region from 1975 to 1985 the rate of discharge from paediatric departments, when standardised for age, rose by 88%. This increase was studied by using routinely collected data. It occurred in all age groups and was due mainly to an increase in emergency admissions for acute common childhood illnesses, particularly respiratory and gastro-intestinal diseases. There was no evidence that increasing morbidity accounted for this rise; the change was due to factors in medical care. Over the 11 years the median length of stay fell from 2.4 to 1.5 days and by 1985 40% of children were discharged within a day after admission. The increase in admissions was due to lower thresholds for admission resulting in part from the increased availability of beds because of the diminishing lengths of stay.
The Smith Brothers
Authors: James F. Ballard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

ALBERT Richard Smith and Arthur W. W. Smith were the uninhibited sons of an English surgeon. Albert, the elder and better known as a physician, author, traveler, lecturer and entertainer, was born at Chertsey, Surrey, on May 24, 1816. He was educated at Merchants Taylors' School during the years 1826–1831.At an early age he became interested in medicine and studied at the Middlesex Hospital in London, becoming in 1838 a licentiate of the Society of Apothecaries and a member of the College of Surgeons. In the same year he entered practice with his father at Chertsey. On January 4, . . .
Lumbar puncture-induced meningitis
Authors: R. H. Eng
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A retrospective study was done to evaluate the risk of lumbar puncture-induced meningitis. Fourteen percent (23/165) of patients with bacteremia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, and groups A and B streptococci had spontaneous meningitis (without a preceding lumbar puncture). In contrast, only 0.8% (7/924) of patients with blood culture containing other organisms had spontaneous meningitis and 2.1% (3/140) of these patients had clinical courses consistent with lumbar puncture-induced meningitis. However, the 2.1% incidence in the latter group is not significantly different from 0.8%, the expected incidence of spontaneous meningitis. It is suggested that if lumbar puncture-induced meningitis does occur, it is rare enough to be clinically insignificant.
Abstract 3212: N-acetylcysteine protects melanoma cells from glucose depletion through unequal modulation of SOD1 and Copper chaperone for SOD1 depending on p53 mutational status
Authors: Valery Chavez-Perez, Mary Strasberg-Rieber, Manuel Rieber
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND.-Cancer cells from solid tumors undergo metabolic stress, when nutrients become limiting, within poorly vascularized regions. Severe deprivation of glucose and serum-derived growth factors can promote cell death by metabolic stress, partly through excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.OBJECTIVES.- To investigate whether survival in response to metabolic stress is influenced by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an anti-oxidant glutathione precursor, and whether it is linked to modulation of superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2) that catalyze intracellularly the conversion of O2− to H2O2. EXPERIMENTAL- matched human melanoma cells with unequal p53 mutational status were exposed to overnight depletion of glucose with either 0.5% or 10% serum supplementation. Differential cell survival was assesed by crystal violet staining. Mechanisms influencing response to glucose limitation were studied by specific immune blotting. RESULTS.- A 24 hour glucose depletion suppressed cell survival in 0.5% dialyzed serum but this was counteracted by 2 mM NAC irrespective of cellular p53 status. A shorter glucose depletion in 0.5% serum revealed normoxic induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α) reciprocal with concomitant down-regulation of SOD1 together with the Copper chaperone for SOD1 (CCS) and intact PARP, with no comparable effect on mitochondrial SOD2. Under these restrictive conditions, NAC addition partly restored SOD1 and PARP but not CCS expression in mutant p53(R175H) cells. No comparable NAC restoration of these proteins was evidenced in matched wt p53 melanoma under glucose depletion in 0.5 % dialyzed serum. However, SOD1 but not CCS was highest following glucose deprivation with 10% dialyzed serum in wt p53 melanoma cells, compared to identically treated mutant p53 cells. NAC addition increased CCS irrespective of p53 status with glucose depletion in 10% serum, and preferentially induced SOD1 in mutant p53 cells under comparable conditions. CONCLUSIONS.-human melanoma cells are protected from transient glucose depletion by anti-oxidants like NAC through differential modulation of SOD1 and CCS depending on serum availability and p53 mutational status. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3212. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3212
Natural Product Triptolide Mediates Cancer Cell Death by Triggering CDK7-Dependent Degradation of RNA Polymerase II
Authors: Stefano Giustino Manzo, Zhao-Li Zhou, Ying-Qing Wang, Jessica Marinello, Jin-Xue He, Yuan-Chao Li, Jian Ding, Giovanni Capranico, Ze-Hong Miao
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Triptolide is a bioactive ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine that exhibits diverse biologic properties, including anticancer properties. Among its many putative targets, this compound has been reported to bind to XPB, the largest subunit of general transcription factor TFIIH, and to cause degradation of the largest subunit Rpb1 of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). In this study, we clarify multiple important questions concerning the significance and basis for triptolide action at this core target. Triptolide decreased Rpb1 levels in cancer cells in a manner that was correlated tightly with its cytotoxic activity. Compound exposure blocked RNAPII at promoters and decreased chromatin-bound RNAPII, both upstream and within all genes that were examined, also leading to Ser-5 hyperphosphorylation and increased ubiqutination within the Rbp1 carboxy-terminal domain. Notably, cotreatment with inhibitors of the proteasome or the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK7 inhibitors abolished the ability of triptolide to ablate Rpb1. Together, our results show that triptolide triggers a CDK7-mediated degradation of RNAPII that may offer an explanation to many of its therapeutic properties, including its robust and promising anticancer properties. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5363–73. ©2012 AACR.
Abstract 8: A role for lumican as a biomarker of disease progression in human prostate adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Marco A. De Velasco, Yuji Hatanaka, Yurie Kura, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yutaka Yamamoto, Nobutaka Shimizu, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We previously identified altered lumican expression in prostate tumors from genetically modified mice. Lumican is a small leucine-rich extracellular matrix protein that has been shown to modulate cell migration and proliferation during embryonic development, and tissue repair. Expression and distinct glycosylation patterns of lumican in several tumor and stromal tissues has been shown to play important roles in vascular invasion, differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. To determine a possible role for lumican as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer, we examined protein expression in normal and tumor specimens from prostatectomy cases. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunostained for lumican. Slides were digitized and the expression levels of lumican were scored in both the stroma and epithelia. Expression scores were compared with clinicopathological features and disease progression, defined as death or biochemical recurrence. Stromal Lumican expression in tumor was negatively associated with Gleason score, differentiation, node/metastasis status and disease progression. Progression free survival was significantly longer for patients with high expression of stromal lumican (HR=0.25; P=0.005). Based on this set, stromal expression of lumican correlated to good clinical outcome for patients with prostate cancer and thus appears to be a strong prognostic biomarker for disease progression. Citation Format: Marco A. De Velasco, Yuji Hatanaka, Yurie Kura, Naomi Ando, Emiko Fukushima, Yutaka Yamamoto, Nobutaka Shimizu, Masahiro Nozawa, Kazuhiro Yoshimura, Kazuhiro Yoshikawa, Kazuto Nishio, Hirotsugu Uemura. A role for lumican as a biomarker of disease progression in human prostate adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 8. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-8
Depression in the Menopause
Authors: GEORGE WINOKUR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author studied 71 women who had an affective disorder either before or after the menopause to determine if they were at greater risk for depression during the menopause than during other times of the life span. The difference was not significant: there was a 7.1 percent risk of developing an affective disorder during the menopause and a six percent risk during other times.
Fbxw7 regulates lipid metabolism and cell fate decisions in the mouse liver
Authors: Ichiro Onoyama, Atsushi Suzuki, Akinobu Matsumoto, Kengo Tomita, Hideki Katagiri, Yuichi Oike, Keiko Nakayama, Keiichi I. Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes of the SCF type consist of ring-box 1 (Rbx1), cullin 1 (Cul1), S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1), and a member of the F-box family of proteins. The identity of the F-box protein determines the substrate specificity of the complex. The F-box family member F-box– and WD repeat domain–containing 7 (Fbxw7; also known as Fbw7, SEL-10, hCdc4, and hAgo) targets for degradation proteins with wide-ranging functions, and uncovering its in vivo role has been difficult, because Fbxw7–/– embryos die in utero. Using two different Cre-loxP systems (Mx1-Cre and Alb-Cre), we generated mice with liver-specific null mutations of Fbxw7. Hepatic ablation of Fbxw7 resulted in hepatomegaly and steatohepatitis, with massive deposition of triglyceride, a phenotype similar to that observed in humans with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Both cell proliferation and the abundance of Fbxw7 substrates were increased in the Fbxw7-deficient liver. Long-term Fbxw7 deficiency resulted in marked proliferation of the biliary system and the development of hamartomas. Fbxw7 deficiency also skewed the differentiation of liver stem cells toward the cholangiocyte lineage rather than the hepatocyte lineage in vitro. This bias was corrected by additional loss of the Notch cofactor RBP-J, suggesting that Notch accumulation triggered the abnormal proliferation of the biliary system. Together, our results suggest that Fbxw7 plays key roles, regulating lipogenesis and cell proliferation and differentiation in the liver.
THREE YEARS' SANATORIUM EXPERIENCE OF LaRYNGEAL TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: S. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1914)

WHEN the International Congress of Medicine met in London thirty-two years ago a coommunication was read by Krishaber of Paris, in whlich he announced "his firm conviction that tuberculosis of tlle larynx, wllile possib y healing in one part, yet always broke out in another, and so invariably ended fatally, generally within a year, although some cases resisted for two years."About thle saiiie time Morell Mackenzie published his well-known textbook, and in tilat he st.atedtllat "the progniosis of laryngeal phthisis is always extrermely unfavourable, and it is not certain that any cases ever recover." 1 Since that date two important events have occurred in tile history of tuberculosis: one is the discovery of the tuberele bacillus and the other is tile evolution of sana- torium treatment-tlhe former being tile cllief factor of progress as regards exact diagnosis, and the latter, so far, being tile principal improvement in our rmethods of treatment.PROGRESS.
The proteolytic activity of the paracaspase MALT1 is key in T cell activation
Authors: Fabien Rebeaud, Stephan Hailfinger, Anita Posevitz-Fejfar, Myriam Tapernoux, Roger Moser, Daniel Rueda, Olivier Gaide, Montserrat Guzzardi, Emanuela M Iancu, Nathalie Rufer, Nicolas Fasel, Margot Thome
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Association of the Time Between First Diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation and Cryoballoon Ablation Correlate with Recurrence of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Firdevs Ayşenur Ekizler, Bihter Senturk, Burak Acar, Ozcan Ozeke, Pinar Dogan, Osman Turak, Firat Ozcan, Serkan Topaloglu, Dursun Aras
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)