tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial Infarction of the Heart
Authors: CHI KONG LIU, GILBERT GREENSPAN, RONALD T. PICCIRILLO
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Six cases of atrial infarction associated with ventricular infarction are presented. All cases were diagnosed during life and were confirmed by autopsy. A clinical diagnosis of atrial infarction should be suspected in patients with ventricular myocardial infarction having any form of atrial arrhythmia. Frequent electrocardiograms should be obtained, especially if sinus rhythm has just been re-established after episodes of supraventricular tachycardia or atrial fibrillation. The major electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of atrial infarction are as follows: elevation of the P-Ta segment of over 0.5 mm. in V 5 ; and V 6 with reciprocal depression of the same segment in V 1 and V 2 ; elevation of the P-Ta segment of over 0.5 mm. in lead I and its depression in leads II or III; depression of the P-Ta segment of more than 1.5 mm. in precordial leads and 1.2 mm. in leads I, II, and III in the presence of any form of atrial arrhythmia. The minor electrocardiographic criteria in making the diagnosis of atrial infarction are as follows: abnormal P waves: M-shaped, W-shaped, irregular or notched; depression of the P-Ta segment of small amplitude without elevation of this segment in other leads cannot be regarded by itself as positive evidence of atrial infarction. A diagnosis of atrial infarction can sometimes be made when the presence of ventricular myocardial infarction cannot be definitely established by electrocardiogram. The treatment of atrial infarction is similar to that of ventricular infarction. Attention should be directed to the control of atrial arrhythmias and to the prevention of mural thrombi.
Book Review No Benefit: Crisis in America's Health Insurance Industry By Lawrence D. Weiss. 156 pp. Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 1992. $26.95. 0-8133-1215-9 Curing the Crisis: Options for America's Health Care By Michael D. Reagan. 196 pp. Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 1992. $49.95 (cloth); $15.95 (paper). 0-8133-8179-7
Authors: Joan B. Trauner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
329 Interleukin-6 (IL-&amp;) increases rat metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) gene expression through janus kinase-2 mediated inhibition of serine/threonine phosphatase 2A
Authors: P. De la Torre, T. Diaz-Sanjuan, I. Garcia-Ruiz, E. Esteban, T. Munoz-Yague, J.A. Solis-Herruzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Clinical Role of FDG PET/CT for Methotrexate-Related Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: Ryogo Minamimoto, Kimiteru Ito, Kazuo Kubota, Miyako Morooka, Yoko Masuda-Miyata, Risen Hirai, Hideaki Kitahara, Akira Tanimura, Shotaro Hagiwara, Akiyoshi Miwa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Methotrexate-related malignant lymphoma (MTX-RML) is a type of therapy-related lymphoma, and it often occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The most distinctive characteristic of MTX-RML is a quick response to withdrawal of MTX. However, because there is a risk of recurrence without a distinctive indicator of disease, close follow-up is needed. We present F-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) postitron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT) images of MTX-RML along with the characteristic clinical presentation of MTX-RML. FDG PET/CT has the advantage of being able to detect malignant lymphoma in patients who have undergone MTX treatment. After withdrawal of MTX, FDG uptake decreases along with a reduction in the volume of lesions. Although recurrent lesion develops independent to the initial FDG PET/CT findings, FDG PET/CT is useful for early detection of unexpected recurrent lesions. FDG PET/CT allows for the assessment of malignant lymphoma and recurrent lesions in patients who received MTX therapy, which is crucial for the management of MTX-RML.
Comorbidities in COPD
Authors: R. Young, R. Hopkins, T. Eaton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

We read with great interest the recent review article by BARNES and CELLI [1] outlining the systemic manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the potential benefits of statin therapy in the management of COPD.In this article, the authors propose that statins may have a dual role in reducing pulmonary and systemic inflammation, through inhibition of cell signalling molecules (Ras, Rho and Rac).Attenuation of pulmonary inflammation would result from inhibition of inflammatory cell migration and associated cytokine release into lung tissue.Attenuation of systemic inflammation would result from a reduction in pulmonary inflammation (reduced ''spill over'' into the systemic circulation) and inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein synthesis from the liver and other tissues [2].We suggest the pharmacological and clinical benefits of statins in COPD [3] may be even greater than described in this review.
ON TUBAGE AS ACCESSORY TREATMENT IN CERTAIN CASES OF SEPTAL DEFORMITY.Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: PRICE BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Deviations of the nasal septum are of such frequent occurrence among all civilized races that we need not wonder at the number and variety of methods practiced for their removal. Each method of operation is often eulogized by its advocates as superior to all others, and histories of cases are cited as direct evidence of the truth of the statement. Still, while granting all that can be said in favor of the many ways of treatment, every operator will admit, I think, that cases sometimes occur in which mere operative measures are insufficient, unless supported by accessory treatment of a more than ordinary character. Judging from personal experience, I think this is particularly true of that class of cases, characterized by extensive adhesions between the septum and middle and inferior turbinated bones. I do not refer to cases where synechiæ or cicatricial bands, due to inflammatory action, are stretched across
Lethal Cutaneous and Gastrointestinal Arteriolar Thrombosis
Authors: Edwin Sidi
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The authors report in detail two cases of the rare disease entity "malignant atrophying papulosis." No previous descriptions of this lethal cutaneointestinal syndrome have been found in the American literature. The patients were two men 24 and 30 years of age. The cutaneous lesions consist of pink papules which progress to a characteristic necrotic lesion with porcelain-white center and are diagnostic. The eruption is sooner or later associated with ill-defined gastrointestinal complaints which almost always eventuate into the clinical picture of peritonitis. The outcome is fatal, with death due to multiple intestinal perforations. The etiology is unknown and no satisfactory treatment is available.
B-cell receptor triggers drug sensitivity of primary CLL cells by controlling glucosylation of ceramides
Authors: Janine Schwamb, Valeska Feldhaus, Michael Baumann, Michaela Patz, Susanne Brodesser, Reinhild Brinker, Julia Claasen, Christian P. Pallasch, Michael Hallek, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Lukas P. Frenzel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Publishers to link science journals on line
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Neck–tongue syndrome (NTS) is a rarely reported disorder characterised by paroxysmal episodes of intense pain in the upper cervical or occipital areas associated with ipsilateral hemiglossal dysaesthesia brought about by sudden neck movement. The most likely cause of this clinical entity is a temporary subluxation of the lateral atlantoaxial joint with impaction of the C2 ventral ramus against the articular processes on head rotation. NTS is an under-recognised condition that can be debilitating for patients and challenging for the treating physicians. Here, we report a 47-year-old man who fulfilled the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition criteria for a diagnosis of NTS was treated successfully with a chiropractic approach. There are currently no consensus guidelines for dealing with this disorder. Reassuringly, chiropractic care for uncomplicated NTS appears highly effective.
A sensitive zonagenetic assay for rapid in vitro assessment of estrogenic potency of xenobiotics and mycotoxins.
Authors: T Celius, T B Haugen, T Grotmol, B T Walther
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Mounting evidence confirms that hepatic biosynthetic processes are essential for female sexual maturation in fish, which is directly controlled by estrogens. These oogenetic events (zonagenesis and vitellogenesis) are induced in both sexes by estrogens. In this paper, we report the induction of zona radiata (zr) proteins and vitellogenin in primary hepatocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) exposed to xenoestrogens and mycotoxins. Cells were treated with doses of 1, 5, and 10 microM 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), o, p'-DDT, lindane ([gamma]-HCH), and bisphenol A (BPA), which all induced zr proteins and vitellogenin in an approximate dose-dependent manner. Hepatocytes were also treated with combinations of xenoestrogens at 1 or 2 microM, resulting in elevated levels of both zr proteins and vitellogenin, compared to single treatment. The estrogenic activity of the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its metabolites [alpha]-ZEA) and ss-zearalenol (ss-ZEA)], with regard to zonagenesis and vitellogenesis, was assessed in this assay system. Mycotoxins were used at concentrations of 10, 100, or 1,000 nM. All induced zr proteins and vitellogenin, with [alpha]-ZEA being the strongest inducer. When cells were treated with xenoestrogens or mycotoxins in combination with an estrogen receptor inhibitor (ICI 182,780), the induction of both zr proteins and vitellogenin was inhibited in all cases. Thus, the reported estrogen effects are bonafide estrogen responses. Zona radiata proteins were more responsive than vitellogenin to both xenoestrogens and mycotoxins. The versatility and sensitivity of the hepatocyte assay demonstrates that biosynthesis of zr proteins provides a new supplementary method for estimating xenoestrogenicity and mycotoxin action.
Secondary Structure of Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Among Fish and Its Phylogenetic Applications
Authors: Hurng-Yi Wang, Sin-Che Lee
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The complete 12S ribosomal RNA(rRNA) sequences from 23 gobioid species and nine diverse assortments of other fish species were employed to establish a core secondary structure model for fish 12S rRNA. Of the 43 stems recognized, 41 were supported by at least some compensatory evidence among vertebrates. The rates of nucleotide substitution were lower in stems than in loops. This may produce less phylogenetic information in stems when recently diverged taxa are compared. An analysis of compensatory substitution shows that the percentage of covariation is 68%, and the weighting factor for phylogenetic analyses to account for the dependence of mutations should be 0.66. Different stem-loop weighting schemes applied to the analyses of phylogenetic relationships of the Gobioidei indicate that down-weighting paired regions because of nonindependence could not improve the present phylogenetic analysis. A biased nucleotide composition (adenine% [A%] > thymine% [T%], cytosine% [C%] > guanine% [G%]) in the loop regions was also observed in the mammalian counterpart. The excess of A and C in the loop regions may be because of the asymmetric mechanism of mtDNA replication, which leads to the spontaneous deamination of C and A. This process may also be responsible for a transition-transversion bias and the patterns of nucleotide substitutions in both stems and loops.
THE DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS OF THE SKIN AND THEIR MALIGNANT GROWTHS.CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS BEFORE THE SECTION ON CUTANEOUS MEDICINE AND SURGERY, AT THE FIFTY-FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, AT ATLANTIC CITY. JUNE 7-10, 1904.
Authors: HENRY G. ANTHONY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The term nevus, originally used by the laity, has been so thoroughly adopted into medical nomenclature to designate congenital blemishes of the skin that any attempt to change or even modify the meaning of the word can only result in confusion, and yet that is the present tendency in dermatology. Unna<sup>1</sup>says that it is questionable if nevus linearis will permanently maintain its place among the nevi because of the rapid development which it frequently exhibits in extrauterine life. Postnatal development of a lesion of intrauterine origin is a striking clinical fact, but it is hardly of sufficient importance to form the basis of classification. There are few malformations of the skin which may not grow rapidly or even present themselves clinically for the first time in adult life. French authorities use the expression nevus tardive to designate the late developing nevus. Though well understood in France, I have known
Learning to teach
Authors: P. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Allow me to set the scene. It’s your fifth week on the job as a junior doctor, and things are just starting to fall into place. Your head is above water; no one has died recently; all the blood forms are out for the day, so it won’t be another late phlebotomy round; and for once you’re not on take. Then, “Hi, I’m your new medical student.” The sinking feeling in the pit of your stomach returns. A medical student? Surely not. Surely the powers that be would recognise that you’re too green for this, too fresh, that you’re figuring things out for yourself and you can’t do it for someone else as well? But you check, and they’re right: they’re meant to be here. Their remit? To learn how to be a house officer. “That makes two of us,” you think.

This scenario plays itself out all …
Carotid Thrombosis Due to Intraoral Trauma
Authors: Samuel E. Pitner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

CEREBRAL arterial occlusion is being diagnosed with increasing frequency in children. Fifty-five cases of nontraumatic occlusions proved by angiography or autopsy or both in patients eighteen years of age or younger have been recorded in recent articles,1 2 3 4 exclusive of the cases associated with systemic diseases. The internal carotid artery was involved in 32. It is of note that nearly 90 per cent of these cases have been reported in the past ten years, apparently reflecting the increasing use of cerebral angiography as a diagnostic aid in this age group.Another condition that is being recognized more often, probably for the . . .
503 ALLELIC VARIANTS OF CYP2E1 GENE IN HEPATOCARCINOMA PATIENTS AND IN HEPATIC TUMOR CELL LINES
Authors: I. Catanzaro, A. Giacalone, F. Naselli, L. Marasà, M. Saverini, I. Demma, F. Caradonna, L. Giannitrapani, G. Montalto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
When I use a word . . .: An/atomy
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

As I have mentioned before (BMJ 1999;319:1758), at one time the indefinite articles “a” and “an” were joined to the words that they governed—for example, aman or anoke. When the words were later split again, some spurious words were formed in error—for example, instead of a naranj we have an orange and instead of a noumpere we have an umpire. This process is called metanalysis, one casualty of which was “anatomy.”

Anatomy is from the Greek ἀνά (ana, up) and τέμνω (temno, I cut). In addition to its current meaning, the study of the structures of the body or the structures themselves, at one time it also meant a skeleton. When the indefinite article was being restored to its separate existence, the word “atomy” was falsely coined from “anatomy” through aphaeresis, by the removal of the supposed indefinite article. Gay used it in The Beggar's Opera (2, i). When Matt of the Mint is asked what has happened to his brother, Tom, he says that he had an accident—in other words, was hanged—and having fallen into the hands of the dissectors “is among the otamies [sic] at Surgeon's Hall.” By extension atomy also came to mean someone very thin; witness, for example, its appearance in Henry IV Part 2 (5, iv, 29): “. . . you starved bloodhound. . . . Thou atomy, thou!” Even Dickens used the word figuratively in Dombey and Son (Chapter IX): “Withered atomies of teaspoons.”

I recently thought that I had come across a modern instance of the word, in Anthony Burgess's translation of Cyrano de Bergerac, which was used to subtitle Jean-Paul Rappeneau's 1990 film of Edmond Rostand's play. The couplet in question (which occurs in the famous balcony scene in Act 3) is about love:

Aussi l'ai-je tente mais tentative nulle,

Ce nouveau-ne, Madame, et un petit Hercule.

Burgess translated this as follows:

But the tough atomy I thought to seize

And crush, turned out an infant Hercules.

But there is another word “atomy,” describing a property of the atom, smallness, or things that are tiny. Queen Mab, Mercutio tells us, is “Drawn with a little team of atomies/Athwart men's noses as they lie asleep” (Romeo and Juliet, 1, iv, 58). So did Burgess use atomy here in the sense of a tiny insignificant being (a metaphor that was coined long before the true power of the atom was known)? Well, if so, why did he choose to call it tough? It would have been more natural and accurate to have written:

But the tender infant that I thought to seize

And crush, turned out a pocket Hercules.

No, I think that Burgess, a consummate practitioner of logodaedaly, chose “atomy” for deliberate ambiguity, implying that the love borne for Roxane by Cyrano (her “almost brother” as she describes him in Act 2) had started out as a skeletal friendship but later became a grand Herculean passion. Neither anatomy nor an atomy.
Downregulated plasma miR-92a levels have clinical impact on multiple myeloma and related disorders
Authors: S Yoshizawa, J H Ohyashiki, M Ohyashiki, T Umezu, K Suzuki, A Inagaki, S Iida, K Ohyashiki
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Recent studies have demonstrated that one-third of known microRNAs (miRNAs) are stably detectable in plasma. Therefore, we assessed plasma miRNAs to investigate the dynamics of oncomir 17-92a, which is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The plasma miR-92a level in symptomatic MM patients was significantly downregulated compared with normal subjects (P<0.0001), regardless of immunoglobulin subtypes or disease stage at diagnosis. In contrast, miR-92a levels in peripheral blood CD8(+) or CD4(+) cells from MM patients were lower than those of normal subjects, and the miR-92a levels of the cells tended to correlate with plasma miR-92a levels. The plasma miR-92a level in the complete remission group became normalized, whereas the partial response (PR) and very good PR groups did not reach the normal range. In smoldering MM, the plasma miR-92a level did not show a significant difference compared with normal subjects. Our findings suggest that measurement of the plasma miR-92a level in MM patients could be useful for initiation of chemotherapy and monitoring disease status, and the level may represent, in part, the T-cell immunity status of these patients.
Colonoscopy Services in the United Kingdom
Authors: None Macfarlane, None Leicester, None Romaya, None Epstein
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: Provision of a reasonable colonoscopy service requires approximately 160 procedures per 100 000 population per year. The aim of the present study was to document current levels of colonoscopy service, the use of guidelines in surveillance practice and the capacity for expansion in endoscopy units throughout the United Kingdom.
Identification of Fetal DNA and Cells in Skin Lesions from Women with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Carol M. Artlett, J. Bruce Smith, Sergio A. Jimenez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Systemic sclerosis is a disease of unknown origin which often occurs in women after their childbearing years. It has many clinical and histopathological similarities to chronic graft-versus-host disease. Recent studies indicate that fetal stem cells can survive in the maternal circulation for many years post partum. This finding suggests that fetal cells persisting in the maternal circulation or tissues could be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis by initiating a graft-versus-host reaction.
The Correlation of Evolutionary Rate with Pathway Position in Plant Terpenoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Heather Ramsay, Loren H. Rieseberg, Kermit Ritland
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Genes are expected to face stronger selective constraint and to evolve more slowly if they encode enzymes upstream as opposed to downstream in metabolic pathways, because upstream genes are more pleiotropic, being required for a wider range of end products. However, few clear examples of this trend in evolutionary rate variation exist. We examined whether genes involved in plant terpenoid biosynthesis exhibit such a pattern, using data for 40 genes from five fully sequenced angiosperms, Oryza, Vitis, Arabidopsis, Populus, and Ricinus. Our results show that dN/dS does in fact correlate with pathway position along pathways converting glucose to the terpenoid phytohormones abscissic acid, gibberellic acid (GA), and brassinosteroids. Upstream versus downstream rate variation is particularly strong in the GA pathway. In contrast, we found no or little apparent variation in dN/dS with gene copy number. We also introduce a new measure of pathway position, the Pathway Pleiotropy Index (PPI), which counts groups of enzymes between pathway branch points. We found that this measure is superior to pathway position in explaining variation in dN/dS along each pathway. Although at least 8 of the 40 genes showed evidence of positive selection, correlations of dN/dS with PPI remain significant when these genes are removed. Therefore, our results are consistent with the prediction that selective constraint is progressively relaxed along metabolic pathways.
Elongation factor 1 gamma mRNA expression in oesophageal carcinoma.
Authors: K Mimori, M Mori, H Inoue, H Ueo, K Mafune, T Akiyoshi, K Sugimachi
Journal: Gut (1996)

Elongation factor 1 gamma (EF1 gamma) is known to be a subunit of EF1, one of the G proteins that mediate the transport of aminoacyl tRNA to 80S ribosomes during translation. As little is known regarding the expression of EF1 gamma in human oesophageal carcinoma, this study looked at its expression using a northern blot analysis. Thirty six cases of oesophageal carcinoma and 15 oesophageal carcinoma cell lines were studied. The EF1 gamma mRNA overexpression at a level of twofold or more was seen in five (14%) of 36 carcinomatous tissues compared with the normal counterparts. All five overexpressed cases showed severe lymph node metastases compared with the non-overexpressed cases, and the difference was significant (p = 0.028). The stage of the disease of these five cases was far advanced compared with the nonoverexpressed cases (p = 0.012). All 15 oesophageal carcinoma cells expressed EF1 gamma mRNA relatively lower than the gastric or pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, in which EF1 gamma was originally isolated. As the expression of EF1 gamma mRNA could be detected even in the biopsy specimens, its overexpression in tumour tissue may provide preoperative useful information for predicting the aggressiveness of tumours.