tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is asking patients in palliative care, "Are you depressed?" appropriate? Prospective study
Authors: M. Lloyd-Williams
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The interviewed doctors came from two hospitals in two different regions.Therefore our results may not apply throughout the United Kingdom, but it does seem that most doctors have no idea as to the amount of radiation received by patients undergoing commonly requested investigations, despite them all having undertaken the radiation protection course.This lack of awareness of the degree of exposure to ionising radiation becomes particularly pertinent when we consider the number of patients who receive inappropriate or repeat examinations.
Correlation between echocardiographically demonstrated segmental dyskinesis and regional myocardial perfusion.
Authors: R E Kerber, M L Marcus, J Ehrhardt, R Wilson, F M Abboud
Journal: Circulation (1975)

In order to evaluate the relationship between regional myocardial perfusion and segmental dyskinesis, 22 open chest dogs were studied using ultrasound to register cardiac wall motion and radioactive labeled microspheres to determine myocardial perfusion. In six dogs, motion and perfusion were correlated at two levels of partial circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by complete occlusion. A good correlation between declining myocardial perfusion of all the ischemic segments and development of aneurysmal bulging (during isometric contraction) was seen: r = minus 0.80. A similar correlation between myocardial perfusion and endocardial wall velocity (during systolic ejection) was observed: r = 0.92. In nine dogs, the effect of 45 minutes of complete coronary occlusion followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion was evaluated with respect to perfusion and motion. After coronary reperfusion myocardial perfusion of the ischemic area returned to control levels (from 32.6 +/- 3.5 to 130.3 +/- 13.3 ml/100 g/min), but aneurysmal bulging during isometric contraction persisted. Endocardial wall velocity during systolic ejection showed a variable response to reperfusion, achieving values ranging from 32% to 162% of the preocclusion levels. In seven dogs the ultrasound beam was reflected off nonischemic myocardium adjacent to areas of ischemia resulting from coronary occlusion. Despite preservation of normal myocardial perfusion in these nonischemic areas wall motion abnormalities were evident: endocardial wall velocity declined from 25.8 +/- 5.8 to 14.0 +/- 4.9 mm/sec (P less than 0.01), and aneurysmal bulging in three animals. These changes may be due to transient undetected ischemia in the segments struck by the ultrasound beam, or to passive alteration of the motion of the normally perfused areas by the severe dyskinesis of the adjacent ischemic myocardium.
Circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol concentrations in normal, appropriate-for-gestational-age newborns versus those with sepsis and respiratory distress: cortisol response to low-dose and standard-dose ACTH tests
Authors: Ashraf T Soliman, Khaled H Taman, Mohamed M Rizk, Ibrahim S Nasr, Hala AlRimawy, Mohamed S.M Hamido
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
MULTIPLE POSTOPERATIVE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Hollace R. Royster
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Mrs. J. W., aged 46, entered the hospital at 9 p. m., Feb. 1, 1925, complaining of severe, cramplike pain in the epigastrium, accompanied with nausea and vomiting, which awakened her twenty-one hours earlier. When seen one hour later (twenty hours before entering the hospital), the abdomen was distended, more markedly on the right side, with some rigidity of the right rectus, and some tenderness around the umbilicus. Four hours previous to the onset of the pain, the patient consumed a quantity of salted peanuts, and as soon as the abdominal pain began, two teaspoonfuls of Epsom salt was given. While an attempt was being made to pass a stomach tube, she vomited a large quantity of yellowish material, containing a great many peanuts. This did not relieve the condition, nor did the administration of morphin. On her arrival at the hospital, the tenderness had localized in the right part
Fuel Homeostasis in Exercise
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Philip Felig, John Wahren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

SKELETAL muscle constitutes 40 per cent of body weight in normal human beings and accounts for 35 to 40 per cent of total oxygen consumption in the resting state. During exercise, consumption of oxygen and metabolic fuels increases markedly to provide the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) necessary for the contractile process. The purpose of this communication is to review the patterns of fuel utilization and production during exercise. Emphasis will be placed on glucose homeostasis and the hormonal factors that contribute to its regulation. The studies reviewed from our laboratories are of the interorgan exchange of substrates in subjects examined in . . .
Abstract A69: MCT-1 expression promotes neoplastic multinucleation through the Src/p190B signaling activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Meng-Hsun Wu, Yen-An Chen, Hsiao-Huei Chen, Ko-Wei Chang, I-Shou Chang, Lu-Hai Wang, Hsin-Ling Hsu
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Multinucleation is associated with malignant neoplasm; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the nuclear abnormality remains unclear. Loss or mutation of PTEN is frequently implicated in the development of malignancies. We now demonstrate that increased expression of the oncogene MCT-1 antagonizes PTEN gene expression, protein stability and activation, thereby further promoting PI3K/AKT signaling and survival rate of the PTEN-deficient cells. MCT-1 interacts with p190B and Src in the triple negative breast cancer cells, supporting they are in proximity of the signaling complexes in vivo. MCT-1 overexpression and PTEN loss synergistically augmented the Src/p190B signaling function leading to inhibition of RhoA activity. Under such condition, the incidence of mitotic catastrophes including spindle multipolarity and cytokinesis failure were enhanced, driving a Src/p190B-dependent neoplastic multinucleation. Reduced MCT-1 expression by shRNA dramatically repressed the Src/p190B function and improved the nuclear structure, as well as suppressed tumorigenicity of the PTEN-null triple negative breast cancer cells. Consistent with the oncogenic effects in vitro, clinical evidence has confirmed that MCT-1 and p190B genes are highly expressed in human breast cancers. Accordingly, MCT-1 gene induction is recognized as a potentially indicator of breast tumor development. Abrogating MCT-1 function may be a promising strategy for treatment of the triple negative breast cancer involving aberrant activation of Src and/or dysfunction of PTEN. Citation Format: Meng-Hsun Wu, Yen-An Chen, Hsiao-Huei Chen, Ko-Wei Chang, I-Shou Chang, Lu-Hai Wang, Hsin-Ling Hsu. MCT-1 expression promotes neoplastic multinucleation through the Src/p190B signaling activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A69. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A69
ABC of allergies: Summer hay fever
Authors: S. Durham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Summer hay fever causes considerable morbidity and affects quality of life at a time usually considered as the best of the year. Its prevalence has increased over the past 20 years despite falling pollen counts.

Antihistamines and nasal corticosteroid sprays are first line treatment 

The main cause of hay fever in Britain is grass pollen, particularly perennial rye (Lolium perenne) and timothy grass (Phleum pratense). Symptoms peak during June and July. Symptoms in spring are commonly due to tree pollens, whereas symptoms in late summer and autumn may be due to weed pollens and mould spores. Rape seed may also provoke symptoms of rhinitis, although usually through irritant rather than allergic mechanisms. It has been suggested that emissions of nitrogen dioxide and ozone from vehicle exhausts have been increasing the sensitivity to airborne allergens.



Perennial rye grass ( Lolium perenne )—common in Britain 





Pollen calendar for Britain



The symptoms of rhinitis are caused by an interaction between grass pollen and IgE on the surface of sensitised mucosal mast cells (type 1 hypersensitivity). The cells release mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes, which produce itch, sneeze, watery anterior nasal discharge, nasal congestion, and symptoms affecting the eyes.



Hypothesis on mechanisms of summer hay fever (rationale basis for treatment). IL=interleukin, VCAM=vascular cell adhesion molecules, GM-CSF=granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor



Allergens are also recognised and processed by mucosal dendritic cells (Langerhans' cells) or macrophages, which then stimulate T lymphocytes to release interleukins, which promote tissue eosinophilia and IgE production. These compounds act to produce ongoing rhinitis, symptoms …
Delayed Diagnosis of Infants With Abnormal Neonatal Screens
Authors: Robert Listernick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To identify infants who were diagnosed clinically with a condition that previously had been detected by a state neonatal screening program, but who had failed to receive medical attention in a timely fashion.A descriptive case series of infants over a 2-year period from 1989 to 1991.An academically affiliated tertiary care pediatric hospital, a major referral center for children with abnormal results on state neonatal screening tests.All patients who (1) had a diagnosis suspected clinically, (2) had confirmation of disease, and (3) were subsequently found to have had abnormal screening results.Age at clinical diagnosis, morbidity due to delay in diagnosis, and postnatal medical follow-up.Ten children were identified, three with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and seven with a hemoglobinopathy. In each case, the screening program had clear documentation that the office of the physician of record had received prompt telephone communication of the abnormal result. The mean age at clinical diagnosis was 32 days for the children with 21-hydroxylase deficiency and 215 days for those with sickle cell anemia, substantially longer than is mandated by proper neonatal screening practice. Potentially life-threatening complications of the underlying disease were present in six children.A significant number of neonates who have metabolic disorders appropriately identified by a neonatal screening test may fail to receive timely treatment. Consideration should be given to implementing a system of directly contacting the parents of all presumptive positive cases by the state screening program.
Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.
Authors: S Keating, G T Simon, I Alexopoulou, J M Kay
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura is a benign neoplasm differing from diffuse pleural mesothelioma. It was originally thought to be a variant of mesothelioma because it consists of a spindle cell stroma associated with branching tubular structures lined by cuboidal cells. In this study of two cases the tubular structures were lined with ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal cells. Ultrastructurally most of the non-ciliated cells had the features of type II pneumocytes, while the stromal cells had all the characteristics of fibroblasts. Immunohistochemical staining showed the epithelial cells to be positive for both keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen, whereas the stromal cells were negative. The findings support the theory that these tumours are fibroblastic in origin, and that the biphasic pattern is due to entrapment of non-neoplastic bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells.
PRESCRIPTION WRITING AND PHARMACY AS PRACTICED IN OUR LARGE HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES.
Authors: HENRY R. SLACK
Journal: JAMA (1896)

My attention was first directed to this subject by an editorial in the<i>American Medico-Surgical Bulletin</i>from the able pen of Dr. Wm. Hy. Porter, in which he very forcibly portrayed the evil of stock prescriptions in the hospitals. At first I rather thought, that like most reformers, he had represented the practice and the evils thereof in somewhat extravagant terms, but closer personal observation has convinced me of the correctness of his views. Vibration is nature's law; everywhere do we notice action and reaction, condensation and rarefaction, crest and trough. Even the forces that apparently move in straight lines, when more closely studied, are found to be an aggregation of an infinite number of minute vibrations too small for the unaided eye to measure. The noble art and science of medicine is no exception to nature's law of vibratory motion; indeed, notwithstanding her boasted conservatism she is largely the
Mechanisms permitting nephrotic patients to achieve nitrogen equilibrium with a protein-restricted diet.
Authors: B J Maroni, C Staffeld, V R Young, A Manatunga, K Tom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Clinical experience suggests nephrotic patients are at risk for malnutrition. To determine if nephrotic patients can adapt successfully to a protein-restricted diet, nephrotic (glomerular filtration rate, 52+/-15 ml/min; urinary protein [Uprot.], 7.2+/-2.2 grams/d) and control subjects completed a crossover comparison of diets providing 0.8 or 1.6 grams protein (plus 1 gram protein/gram Uprot.) and 35 kcal per kg per day. Nitrogen balance (BN) was determined and whole body protein turnover measured during fasting and feeding using intravenous -[1-13C]leucine and intragastric -[5,5, 5- 2H3]leucine. BN was positive in both nephrotic and control subjects consuming either diet and rates of whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation, and leucine oxidation did not differ between groups. In both nephrotic and control subjects anabolism was due to a suppression of whole-body protein degradation and stimulation of protein synthesis during feeding. The principal compensatory response to dietary protein restriction was a decrease in amino acid oxidation and this response was the same in both groups. With the low protein diet leucine oxidation rates during feeding correlated inversely with Uprot. losses (r = -0.83; P < 0. 05). Conclusions: (a) a diet providing 0.8 gram protein (plus 1 gram protein/gram Uprot.) and 35 kcal per kg per day maintains BN in nephrotic patients; (b) nephrotic patients activate normal anabolic responses to dietary protein restriction (suppression of amino acid oxidation) and feeding (stimulation of protein synthesis and inhibition of protein degradation); (c) the inverse correlation between leucine oxidation and Uprot. losses suggests that proteinuria is a stimulus to conserve dietary essential amino acids.
Bone marrow transplantation combined with gene therapy to induce antigen-specific tolerance and ameliorate EAE
Authors: Biying Xu, Peter Haviernik, Lawrence A. Wolfraim, Kevin D. Bunting, David W. Scott
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a potential therapy that can offer multiple sclerosis patients a radical, potentially curative treatment. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model, we previously reported that retrovirally transduced B cells expressing myelin basic protein (MBP), MBP Ac1-11, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein p35-55 induced tolerance and reduced symptoms. Here, we extend our tolerance approach using bone marrow (BM) cells expressing full-length phospholipid protein (PLP) in a model for relapsing, remitting EAE. Using GFP expression as a marker, we found that up to 50% of cells were positive for transgene expression in peripheral blood after 900 rad irradiation and transduced BM transplantation, and expression was stable in hematopoietic lineages for over 10 weeks. Upon challenge, T cell proliferation in response to PLP p139-151 was reduced and EAE was completely abolished in a pretreatment protocol. In addition, protection from EAE could be achieved with PLP-transduced BM cells given on day 12 after immunization, a potential therapeutic protocol. Finally, the protective effect of PLP-expressing BM could also be observed using a nonmyeloablative protocol, albeit with lower efficacy. Our results suggest that HSC may be useful to achieve long-lasting tolerance to protect mice from EAE and possibly to promote CNS repair in ongoing EAE.
OZONE: ITS BACTERICIDAL, PHYSIOLOGIC AND DEODORIZING ACTION
Authors: EDWIN O. JORDAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF OZONE</h3> The use of ozone as a gaseous disinfectant has often been advocated, but the claims made for its efficiency have little or no experimental basis. [Review of earlier investigation omitted.] Our own experiments have been carried out (1) to determine the germicidal action of ozone on pure cultures under the conditions commonly used in testing disinfectants, and (2) to determine the effect of ozone on the ordinary air bacteria. All experiments were carried out in a small room of about 26 cubic meters. There was one door and one window in the room. In the first experiment there was ventilation to the room through a 3-inch hole in the window. In the remaining experiments there was no ventilation, the air being worked over and over. The ozone generator described later was placed at one side of the room about 4 feet from the floor, and
Abstract 946: Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) overcomes cisplatin resistance independent of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1).
Authors: Wei Qian, Vera Roginskaya, Sandra Strychor, Jan Beumer, Lee McDermott, Jingnan Wang, Bennett Van Houten
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Platinum based anticancer agents including cisplatin are among the most effective and widely used anticancer drugs. However, the inherent and acquired resistance to these drugs in tumors present significant challenges in cancer treatment and directly lead to treatment failure. We have identified a number of thioquinazolinone derivatives, including the mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), that are able to effectively overcome both the inherent and acquired resistance to cisplatin and induce rapid apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. However, the enhanced cellular sensitivity to cisplatin by mdivi-1 was also observed in Drp1 (a mitochondrial fission protein and the supposed target of mdivi-1) knockout MEF cells, indicating Drp1-independent roles of these compounds in overcoming platinum drug resistance. The combination of cisplatin and mdivi-1 induces a robust replication stress response and enhances both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling when compared with cisplatin or mdivi-1 treatment alone. Though the combined effect of cisplatin and mdivi-1 is not dependent on mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, mitochondria do play a significant role in the rapid execution of apoptosis triggered by this combination. Highly uncoupled mitochondria, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of apoptotic factors were observed only in cells treated with the combination of cisplatin and mdivi-1 and not in cells treated with the compounds individually. Taken together, we have identified novel functions for a set of thioquinazolinone derivatives that are able to overcome platinum drug resistance through enhancing replication stress-mediated apoptotic response. Citation Format: Wei Qian, Vera Roginskaya, Sandra Strychor, Jan Beumer, Lee McDermott, Jingnan Wang, Bennett Van Houten. Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (mdivi-1) overcomes cisplatin resistance independent of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 946. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-946
Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease: Distinct Histopathologic Phenotype Compared to Pheochromocytoma in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2
Authors: Christian A. Koch, David Mauro, McClellan M. Walther, W. Marston Linehan, Alexander O. Vortmeyer, Ronald Jaffe, Karel Pacak, George P. Chrousos, Zhengping Zhuang, Irina A. Lubensky
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2002)
The BMA's trade union structure--four years on.
Authors: N Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Four years ago the BMA took a major initiative to strengthen its regional services when the Annual Representative Meeting in Cardiff decided to appoint industrial relations officers and place of-work-accredited representatives.1 This was a significant change of direction for the BMA at a time when the changing climate of industrial relations in the Health Service and the introduction of more complicated contracts were presenting doctors with problems that required expert and quickly available help. The IROs based in the regions provided the expert help; the POWARs were to be the shop stewards of the profession, a function that had previously not been a prominent part of the BMA's activities. The POWARs, backed up by IROs, would ensure that doctors could develop the same representation at the place of work as other staff working in the Health Service and resist their challenge to the profession's traditional leadership. The ARM knew that its decision would be expensive?and it has cost money?but saw it as a cost-effective way of helping members and strengthening the membership. Since then the BMA's industrial relations structure has developed along the lines then envisaged, with 15 IROs in post and two further appointments to be made in the Oxford and East Anglian regions. Over 500 hospital doctors have been accredited as POWARs, and there are also POWARs among community health doctors, general practitioners, and medical academics. The BMA, through its network of POWARs, is represented on numerous local negotiating and consultative committees, and this repre? sentation has generally proved effective in putting across the medical viewpoint at an early stage in staff/management dis? cussions. Obviously gaps still remain in the coverage of the POWARs, but these are gradually being filled. The POWARs sit alongside representatives of TUC-affiliated unions and non affiliates like ourselves; many of these organisations have obtained recognition from local management only during the past decade.
Vanishing Lesion of the Colon
Authors: Murray L. Janower
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Melvin E. Clouse: This 67-year-old white male was admitted to the Massachusetts General Hospital with a chief complaint of failure to have a bowel movement for four days. The patient had noted increasing constipation for several weeks and had seen flecks of blood in his stools on two occasions. Oil retention enemas had been given without results. He had also experienced generalized abdominal pain. Results of a physical examination were essentially negative except for slight dehydration and abnormally high-pitched bowel sounds. No tenderness, guarding, or masses could be found. The white cell count was 44,000/cu mm. All other laboratory data were normal. A plain roentgenogram of the abdomen was obtained ( Fig 1). <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Joseph Hanelin: The colon proximal to the upper descending portion is at the upper limits of normal in size. Additionally, I would wonder about the presence of multiple air and fluid-filled loops of small bowel.