tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Menopausal Women Following Mastectomy
Authors: William Rosenzweig
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  In the discussion of the therapy of the menopausal woman, following mastectomy, it seemed to me to be quite obvious which of the three consultants actually treats women with this problem (219:1642, 1972).  Dr. Kistner's remarks were right on, to use the modern expression. His approach is as knowledgeable as possible in an area in which so little is known factually, yet also quite practical.  Dr. Goldenberg's remarks imply that carefully planned tranquilizing therapy and strong psychological support are simple measures. Most gynecologists dealing with these patients find that this aspect of therapy is quite demanding, even with the use of estrogens, and generally occupies a good deal of time both in the office and on the telephone.  Dr. Kennedy's rather hopeful implication that large doses of estrogens produce regression of recurrent cancer in postmenopausal women, without qualification, is quite an ideal. I find it most interesting
Chronic Active Hepatitis with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: E. JACK BENNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The wire loop renal lesion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in one patient with the clinical features of postnecrotic cirrhosis and a "lupoid hepatitis syndrome" and in another patient with the clinical features of xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis were of interest because the deaths of both patients were caused by their renal lesion. Both patients had pathological features of chronic active hepatitis as well as renal lesions characteristic of SLE. A review of the pathology of SLE indicated that patients with SLE apparently do not die of liver disease and have only minimal changes in their liver caused by the SLE. On the other hand, numerous patients with chronic active hepatitis have developed a nonspecific nephritis. These two patients with long-standing, active hepatitis presented completely different clinical courses during their illnesses, but both died with chronic active hepatitis and lupus nephritis. This sequence of events proves that patients with active chronic hepatitis and nephritis can have a progression of their nephritis to such an extent that death due to renal failure ensues. The presence of active nephritis in a patient with chronic active hepatitis is further indication for immunosuppressive therapy and should provide a model for the further study of "autoimmunity."
The War Goes On
Authors: Ian H Black
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
rethinking brain asymmetries in humans
Authors: bianca dräger, caterina breitenstein, stefan knecht
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

similar to directional asymmetries in animals, language lateralization in humans follows a bimodal distribution. a majority of individuals are lateralized to the left and a minority of individuals are lateralized to the right side of the brain. however, a biological advantage for either lateralization is lacking. the scenario outlined by vallortigara &amp; rogers (v&amp;r) suggests that language lateralization in humans is not specific to language or human speciation but simply follows an evolutionarily conserved organizational principle of the brain.
Urinary bladder smooth muscle regeneration utilizing bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell seeded elastomeric poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) based thin films
Authors: Arun K. Sharma, Partha V. Hota, Derek J. Matoka, Natalie J. Fuller, Danny Jandali, Hatim Thaker, Guillermo A. Ameer, Earl Y. Cheng
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient variant Siiyama (Ser53[TCC] to Phe53[TTC]) is prevalent in Japan. Status of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in Japan.
Authors: K Seyama, T Nukiwa, S Souma, K Shimizu, S Kira
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In contrast to the fact that alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) deficiency is one of the most common hereditary disorders of Caucasians, deficient variants among Orientals have been recognized to be extremely rare. Only 12 cases of alpha 1-AT deficiency have been reported in Japan, including five cases in which the genetic defects have already been elucidated: Mnichinan (delta Phe52[TTC] and Gly148[GGG]-->Arg148[AGG]), two unrelated cases of Siiyama (Ser53[TCC]-->Phe53[TTC]), a heterozygote of Mmalton (delta Phe52[TTC]), and one additional case of 14q- syndrome (sporadic deletion of the neighboring region of the alpha 1-AT gene locus). alpha 1-AT Siiyama is a deficient variant originally identified in a 38-yr-old patient with pulmonary emphysema in Japan. The amino acid substitution in this variant occurs in a highly conserved residue of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) backbone (Seyama K, et al. 1991. J. Biol. Chem. 266:12627-12632). We attempted to determine whether alpha 1-AT deficiency in Japan was caused by independent genetic defects or whether it shared some common mutations in the alpha 1-AT gene. We examined five of seven available families for which the genetic defects causing alpha 1-AT deficiency have not yet been explored. When the allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with a pair of oligonucleotide primers having the mutated base sequence of the alpha 1-AT Siiyama allele at the 3' end, all eight cases of alpha 1-AT deficiency among five unrelated families turned out to be homozygous carriers of the alpha 1-AT Siiyama mutation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abnormal functional and morphological regulation of the gastric mucosa in histamine H2 receptor–deficient mice
Authors: Takashi Kobayashi, Shunsuke Tonai, Yasunobu Ishihara, Ritsuko Koga, Susumu Okabe, Takeshi Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

To clarify the physiological roles of histamine H2 receptor (H2R), we have generated histamine H2R-deficient mice by gene targeting. Homozygous mutant mice were viable and fertile without apparent abnormalities and, unexpectedly, showed normal basal gastric pH. However, the H2R-deficient mice exhibited a marked hypertrophy with enlarged folds in gastric mucosa and an elevated serum gastrin level. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased numbers of parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells. Despite this hypertrophy, parietal cells in mutant mice were significantly smaller than in wild-type mice and contained enlarged secretory canaliculi with a lower density of microvilli and few typical tubulovesicles in the narrow cytoplasm. Induction of gastric acid secretion by histamine or gastrin was completely abolished in the mutant mice, but carbachol still induced acid secretion. The present study clearly demonstrates that H2R-mediated signal(s) are required for cellular homeostasis of the gastric mucosa and normally formed secretory membranes in parietal cells. Moreover, impaired acid secretion due to the absence of H2R could be overcome by the signals from cholinergic receptors.
Standardised ("plain") packaging of cigarettes regulations must be passed before the general election
Authors: N. S. Hopkinson, S. Agrawal, R. Sherrington, P. Carter, J. Atherton, I. Doull, H. Cass
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than half a million children have taken up smoking since the government first announced it would consult on plain standardised packaging of cigarette packs in 2011,1 2 and every day hundreds more join them.3 

After a strongly supportive government commissioned independent review of the evidence,4 the public health minister said she wanted to introduce the necessary regulations …
Intrahepatic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling in chronic liver disease: New targets for the treatment of portal hypertension?
Authors: Dominique Thabut, Vijay Shah
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Portal hypertension accounts for the majority of morbidity and mortality that is encountered in patients with cirrhosis. Portal hypertension is initiated in large part through increases in intrahepatic vascular resistance. Fibrosis, regenerative nodule formation, and intrahepatic vasoconstriction are classical mechanisms that account for increased intrahepatic vascular resistance in cirrhosis. Recent data suggest that intrahepatic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling could also be involved in sinusoidal resistance, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. While angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new vessels deriving from existing ones, sinusoidal remodeling in its pathological form associated with cirrhosis is characterized by increased mural coverage of vessels by contractile HSC. Most attention on the mechanisms of these processes has focused on the liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC), the hepatic stellate cell (HSC), and the paracrine signaling pathways between these two cell types. Interventions that target these vascular structural changes have beneficial effects on portal hypertension and fibrosis in some animal studies which has stimulated interest for pursuing parallel studies in humans with portal hypertension.
Co-trimoxazole and Typhoid Fevers
Authors: E. S. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

August, p. 329) should have mentioned co-trimoxazole as an alternative drug to chloramphenicol in the treatment of typhoid fever.To date we have successfully treated over 30 patients with acute typhoid or paratyphoid A fever with this drug.'But in addition we have found co-trimoxazole to be very useful in the treatment of chronic salmonellosis where antibiotic treatment usually has to be given for at least four to six weeks.2In patients with irreparably damaged urinary tracts due to schistosomiasis and persistent salmonella urinary excretion prolonged suppressive therapy with co- trimoxazole has successfully maintained the urine s:erile for over a year.4-Weare, etc.,
A novel B-domain O-glycoPEGylated FVIII (N8-GP) demonstrates full efficacy and prolonged effect in hemophilic mice models
Authors: Henning R. Stennicke, Marianne Kjalke, Ditte M. Karpf, Kristoffer W. Balling, Peter B. Johansen, Torben Elm, Kristine Øvlisen, Flemming Möller, Heidi L. Holmberg, Charlotte N. Gudme, Egon Persson, Ida Hilden, Hermann Pelzer, Henrik Rahbek-Nielsen, Christina Jespersgaard, Are Bogsnes, Anette A. Pedersen, Anne K. Kristensen, Bernd Peschke, Wendy Kappers, Frederik Rode, Lars Thim, Mikael Tranholm, Mirella Ezban, Eva H. N. Olsen, Søren E. Bjørn
Journal: Blood (2013)
Results of Institutional Treatment in Surgical Tuberculosis
Authors: E. D. Telford
Journal: BMJ (1921)

rTIc TwoBs0.l- by exploring the ureter witlh the finger."Mr. Rowlands recommended "a long para-median extraperitoneal valvular incision displacing the rectus and peritoneum inwards, but did not like any form of intraperitoneal operation for tlle removal of a stone from the ureter."Durinig the period of the war, three adults (one femiale) came under mv charge for the relief of symptoms due to tlle inmpaction of a urinary calculus in the pelvic portion of tlle ureter.By means of tlle x rays tlle position, shape and size of the stones were clearly slhown.They were similar in size and appearanoe, being under half an incl in length and somewlhat like date-stones in shape.It was evident in tlie-first patient that the stone would be difficultt.ofind througlh an incision in the extra.peritoneal tissues only, and that it would not be easy to incise the ureter with confidence over the stone, because of its rounded and somewhat narrow presentation and distance from the surface.Deliberate Opening of the Peritoneum as part of-the Operation.It was considered that tlhe operation would be done witlh greater confidence and precision, therefore more rapidly, if a peritoneal opening was made at an early stage, and the fixgers of the left hand introduced into the cavity of the peritoneum to locate the.stone and steady it whilst the otlher hand was working in the subperitoneal tissue to -the point whiclh had been Iocated-where the incision through tlle wall of the ureter was required.
Manipulation for low back pain.
Authors: M Jayson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

SUMMARY  Anurans use a saltatorial (jumping) mode of locomotion. A jumping cycle can
be divided into four subphases: propulsion, flight, landing and recovery. We
studied the landing phase during locomotion in Rana esculenta by
measuring the ground reaction forces during propulsion and landing over a
range of distances. Landing performance affects locomotor ability in jumping
frogs. Landing and recovery together take up one third of the locomotor cycle.
Peak landing forces are on average almost three times larger than propulsive
forces. The forelimbs appear to be fully extended when they make contact with
the substrate and absorb the first impact peak. The height of this peak varies
depending on arm positioning and jumping distance. Since the stiffness of the
arms stays constant over the full jumping range, it is possible that this is a
limiting factor in the ability of the forelimbs to work as dampers. A
spring-dashpot model is used to model the effect of arm angle at touch down.
Damping during landing is performed by placing the forelimbs at an optimal
angle to cancel frictional forces effectively.
CEP152 is a genome maintenance protein disrupted in Seckel syndrome
Authors: Ersan Kalay, Gökhan Yigit, Yakup Aslan, Karen E Brown, Esther Pohl, Louise S Bicknell, Hülya Kayserili, Yun Li, Beyhan Tüysüz, Gudrun Nürnberg, Wieland Kiess, Manfred Koegl, Ingelore Baessmann, Kurtulus Buruk, Bayram Toraman, Saadettin Kayipmaz, Sibel Kul, Mevlit Ikbal, Daniel J Turner, Martin S Taylor, Jan Aerts, Carol Scott, Karen Milstein, Helene Dollfus, Dagmar Wieczorek, Han G Brunner, Matthew Hurles, Andrew P Jackson, Anita Rauch, Peter Nürnberg, Ahmet Karagüzel, Bernd Wollnik
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Atherogenesis: Initiating Factors
Authors: C. Bruce Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This symposium is concerned with mechanisms in the development of early atheromata. Twenty-two exceptionally well-chosen investigators describe their recent, important contributions that lead to a better understanding of atherogenesis. C. W. M. Adams and E. B. Smith elegantly describe the entry of lipoproteins into the arterial wall and their breakdown and the permanent accumulation of lipids in the atheromatous plaque. Other outstanding contributions are "The Regulation of Cell Cholesterol Content and Its Role in Atherogenesis" by J. Martyn Bailey and superb contributions by D. L. Fry and C. G. Caro on the role of rheology in atherogenesis. The Steins of Jerusalem report beautiful studies on the accumulation and breakdown of lipoproteins in the arterial wall. Their studies incorporate a study of aortic lipotropic enzymes, radioactive iodine-labelled lipoproteins, and radioautography. Horseradish peroxidase and electron microscopy were used to study the migration of lipoproteins via plasmalemmal vesicles into the arterial wall. There
THE DIAGNOSIS OF EPILEPSY
Authors: HUGH T. PATRICK
Journal: JAMA (1922)

That, after thousands of years of familiarity with epilepsy, the diagnosis should still sometimes be difficult and mistakes not infrequent, may seem anomalous. But it is true. The principal difficulties are three: Uncertainty as to what constitutes epilepsy. Polymorphism of the disease. Necessary lack of observation. Ordinarily the diagnosis must be made from statements of the patient and of others. The first difficulty we shall not consider. What we mean by epilepsy is the disease or disorder described as such by most standard authors. Meticulous nosology is no part of our present theme. Obviously, a systematic discussion of diagnosis is impossible. Our private records of more than a thousand cases show that epilepsy had to be differentiated from the following thirty conditions: hysteria, psychasthenia, brain tumor, syphilis, apoplexy and hypertension, encephalitis, dementia praecox, melancholia, Stokes-Adams disease, spasmophilia, migraine, nephritis, feeblemindedness, general paresis, multiple sclerosis, polycythemia, anemia, tic, chorea, fainting spells,
Aplastic Anaemia, Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia, and Oxymetholone
Authors: I. W. Delamore, C. G. Geary
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Four patients developed acute myeloblastic leukaemia after treatment of aplastic anaemia with oxymetholone. Two had previously shown an excellent clinical response to the drug and a third some improvement. Though no definite causal relationship between therapy and the onset of leukaemia has been established, the number of cases is greater than might have been expected by chance. The association of the two diseases is discussed.
Cancer Screening Rates in Individuals With Different Life Expectancies
Authors: Trevor J. Royce, Laura H. Hendrix, William A. Stokes, Ian M. Allen, Ronald C. Chen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Routine cancer screening has unproven net benefit for patients with limited life expectancy.To examine the patterns of prostate, breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening in the United States in individuals with different life expectancies.Data from the population-based National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2000 through 2010 were used and included 27 404 participants aged 65 years or older. Using a validated mortality index specific for NHIS, participants were grouped into those with low (<25%), intermediate (25%-49%), high (50%-74%), and very high (≥75%) risks of 9-year mortality.Rates of prostate, breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening.In participants with very high mortality risk, 31% to 55% received recent cancer screening, with prostate cancer screening being most common (55%). For women who had a hysterectomy for benign reasons, 34% to 56% had a Papanicolaou test within the past 3 years. On multivariate analysis, very high vs low mortality risk was associated with less screening for prostate (odds ratio [OR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.50-0.85]), breast (OR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.35-0.53]), and cervical (OR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.36-0.70]) cancers. There was less screening for prostate and cervical cancers in more recent years compared with 2000, and there was no significant interaction between calendar year and mortality risk for any cancer screening (P > .05 for all cancers). Our sensitivity analysis showed that screening was also common in individuals with less than 5-year life expectancy.A substantial proportion of the US population with limited life expectancy received prostate, breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening that is unlikely to provide net benefit. These results suggest that overscreening is common in both men and women, which not only increases health care expenditure but can lead to net patient harm.
PEGylated-thymoquinone-nanoparticle mediated retardation of breast cancer cell migration by deregulation of cytoskeletal actin polymerization through miR-34a
Authors: Saurav Bhattacharya, Manisha Ahir, Prasun Patra, Sudeshna Mukherjee, Swatilekha Ghosh, Minakshi Mazumdar, Sreya Chattopadhyay, Tanya Das, Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay, Arghya Adhikary
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
The Economics of Infant and Child Nutrition
Authors: Nathan B. Talbot, C. C. Koo, Walter W. Pick, Shirley L. Wells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE recent change in the world food situation from one of apparent relative adequacy to one of obvious deficit invites a brief review of the economics of providing infants and children with an adequate diet. In this connection total calories and protein appear to deserve the most consideration. Moreover, requirements for these two components must be considered together because the protein needs of the growing child within certain limits are inversely proportional to the total caloric intake. This is due in part to the fact that the amino acids of dietary protein are needed and used for energy when calories . . .
Basic and Clinical Concepts Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and Action
Authors: Mark R. Haussler, Toni A. McCain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

A NOVEL sterol hormone that is undoubtedly a major physiologic regulator of mineral metabolism in man, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), is produced from vitamin D in response to situations of calcium and phosphorus need, with the final enzymatic reaction occurring in the kidney. A complex and elegant biochemical mechanism is thought to function at the pivotal kidney site to modulate the biosynthesis of this most active form of vitamin D. In concert with other calcitropic principles, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin, the 1,25-(OH)2D hormone mediates calcium and phosphorus metabolism at target tissues, including . . .
Praziquantel: A Major Advance in Anthelminthic Therapy
Authors: RICHARD D. PEARSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Praziquantel recently has been approved in the United States for use against a broad range of trematodes and cestodes. The drug is highly effective against all Schistosoma species that infect humans as well as other flukes and tapeworms, including the larval stage of Taenia solium, which causes cysticercosis. In addition, praziquantel is relatively nontoxic, well accepted by patients, and can be given orally in one dose or several doses in a single day. Praziquantel lowers or abolishes the threshold for treating persons with these infections, and, if costs can be contained, may help in the global control of serious systemic helminthic infections.