tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primaquine Prophylaxis against Malaria in Nonimmune Colombian Soldiers: Efficacy and Toxicity: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Jaime Soto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Primaquine had a prophylactic efficacy of 90% to 95% against infection with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax in Indonesian settlers. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of primaquine prophylaxis for protecting nonimmune persons from malaria. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field study. Setting: A malaria-endemic area in Colombia. Patients: 176 healthy, young, nonimmune adult male soldiers. Intervention: Primaquine, 30 mg/d, or matching placebo during 15 weeks of patrol in the endemic area and 1 week afterward. Measurements: Symptomatic parasitemia was determined over the 16-week intervention period and for 3 weeks in base camp. Results: Protective efficacy in the primaquine group (122 participants) was 89% (95% CI, 75% to 96%) against all types of malaria, 94% (CI, 78% to 99%) against P. falciparum malaria, and 85% (CI, 57% to 95%) against P. vivax malaria. Six primaquine recipients had mild to moderate gastrointestinal distress, and three had severe distress. Conclusions: For prophylaxis against P. falciparum malaria, primaquine has an efficacy and toxicity competitive with those of standard agents. A potential advantage of primaquine is that prophylaxis may be discontinued 1 week after the recipient has left the endemic area.
The Obsolescene of The Practitioner-Teacher
Authors: Alfred William Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Experiences in the practice of village medicine in an Asian desert community lead me to assent warmly to William F. Renner's:  Medicine, in the broadest sense, is a humanistic endeavor, concerned with human life and values, with a society's culture, with everything that touches on human feelings and behavior ( 193 : 563, 1965).  Our practice here is measurably dictated by the necessities of a rural society, engaged in working an irrigated farming terrain.  Although we read the literature of academic and research medicine, the limitations intrinsic to the practice of desert medicine emphasize the humanistic factor. When we refer a patient to a large medical center, the contrast between the medicine of the different areas is much more brilliantly illuminated than would be possible in the United States. It is always astonishing to witness the achievements of academic medicine brought to the hidden corners of the world.  Two
Surgical correction of aortic coarctation in children.
Authors: B J Bickford
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Flavopiridol is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and represents the first in this anticancer class to enter clinical trials. In anticipation of the likelihood that, as with other cancer drugs, acquired resistance may limit the drug9s efficacy, an acquired resistance model has been established by in vitro drug exposure of the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116. This stably resistant line, possessing 8-fold resistance to flavopiridol, showed a lack of cross-resistance to the anticancer agents etoposide, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, topotecan, and cisplatin, and notably to other chemical classes of cdk inhibitors: the aminopurines roscovitine and purvalanol A, 9-nitropaullone, and hymenialdisine. Resistance did not seem to be related to differences in the levels of multidrug resistance drug efflux proteins, P-glycoprotein, and MRP1. Moreover, there were no changes in overall drug accumulation between the resistant and sensitive cell lines. Flavopiridol induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and inhibition of retinoblastoma gene product phosphorylation on serine 780 in both parental and resistant lines, but the latter required 8-fold higher concentrations to achieve these effects. Cyclin E protein levels and cyclin E-associated kinase activity were increased in the resistant line, suggesting that overexpression of cyclin E may be the mechanism of resistance to flavopiridol. However, transfection of cyclin E to increase expression of this protein did not result in an increase in resistance to flavopiridol. Thus, up-regulation of cyclin E alone does not seem to cause resistance to this cdk inhibitor.
Financial Impact of Surgical Site Infections on Hospitals
Authors: John Shepard, William Ward, Aaron Milstone, Taylor Carlson, John Frederick, Eric Hadhazy, Trish Perl
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Surgical site infections (SSIs) may increase health care costs, but few studies have conducted an analysis from the perspective of hospital administrators.To determine the change in hospital profit due to SSIs.Retrospective study of data from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2010.The study was performed at 4 of The Johns Hopkins Health System acute care hospitals in Maryland: Johns Hopkins Bayview (560 beds); Howard County General Hospital (238 beds); The Johns Hopkins Hospital (946 beds); and Suburban Hospital (229 beds).Eligible patients for the study included those patients admitted to the 4 hospitals between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, with complete data and the correct International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code, as determined by the infection preventionist. Infection preventionists performed complete medical record review using National Healthcare Safety Network definitions to identify SSIs. Patients were stratified using the All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups to estimate the change in hospital profit due to SSIs.Surgical site infections.The outcomes of the study were the difference in daily total charges, length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rate, and profit for patients with an SSI when compared with patients without an SSI. The hypothesis, formulated prior to data collection, that patients with an SSI have higher daily total costs, a longer LOS, and higher 30-day readmission rates than patients without an SSI, was tested using a nonpaired Mann-Whitney U test, an analysis of covariance, and a Pearson χ2 test. Hospital charges were used as a proxy for hospital cost. RESULTS The daily total charges, mean LOS, and 30-day readmission rate for patients with an SSI compared with patients without an SSI were $7493 vs $7924 (P = .99); 10.56 days vs 5.64 days (P < .001); and 51.94 vs 8.19 readmissions per 100 procedures (P < .001). The change in profit due SSIs was $2 268 589.The data suggest that hospitals have a financial incentive to reduce SSIs, but hospitals should expect to see an increase in both cost and revenue when SSIs are reduced.
TCT-355 Effect of Intravascular ultrasound-guided versus angio-guided percutaneous coronary intervention on clinical outcome: from the data of TRI retrospective registry
Authors: Young Jin Youn, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun-Won Lee, Junghan Yoon, Byung Ryul Cho, Kwang Soo Cha, Seung-Woon Rha, Kim Byung Ok, Min Su Hyon, Myung Ho Jeong, Sung Gyun Ahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Localized Telangiopathy of the Stomach and Duodenum Diagnosed and Treated Endoscopically
Authors: P.G. Farup, A.R. Rosseland, N. Stray, R. Pytte, K. Valnes, A.A. Rand
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

During the period from January, 1976 to December, 1979 we performed 5000 upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examinations. Of these 650 were for gastrointestinal bleeding. In nine patients we found, endoscopically localized mucosal vascular abnormalities of the stomach and duodenum. Repeated endoscopic examinations were necessary in four cases before the correct diagnosis was made. Three telangiopathies (as we prefer to call them) were found incidentally, and in six cases endoscopy was performed because of gastrointestinal bleeding. In five of the six cases with bleeding, the telangiopathy (TAP) probably was the bleeding lesion. The treatment of choice is endoscopic, either by electrodestruction with mono-polar current, or by removal with a diathermy snare. Neither barium meal x-rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract in five cases, nor exploratory laparotomy in two cases, revealed the telangiopathies. There has been no rebleeding after the treatment, except for one case in which another TAP of the small or large bowel is implicated.
Local neurohumoral regulation in the transition to isolated diastolic heart failure in hypertensive heart disease: absence of AT1 receptor downregulation and 'overdrive' of the endothelin system
Authors: K Yamamoto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Although isolated diastolic heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function frequently occurs, regulation of local neurohumoral factors in the transition from diastolic dysfunction without signs of heart failure to diastolic failure, a target for therapeutic strategy, remains to be clarified, partly because of a lack of animal models. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that Dahl–Iwai salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed on a high-salt diet since 7 weeks of age develop hypertension followed by compensated LV hypertrophy at 13 weeks and transition to isolated diastolic heart failure at 19 weeks. Methods: Gene expression of the components of the renin–angiotensin system, endothelin (ET) system and natriuretic peptide system in the left ventricle was investigated in the transition to isolated diastolic heart failure in this model. Results: The compensated ventricular hypertrophy was associated with slight increases in angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type-1a (AT1a) receptor mRNA levels. Although preproET-1 (ppET-1) and ET-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) mRNA levels were not increased, mRNA levels of ET type-A (ETA) and ET type-B (ETB) receptors were increased. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA level increased, but not brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA level. At the decompensated failing stage (at 19 weeks), ACE mRNA level further increased without downregulation of AT1a receptor mRNA level. The mRNA levels of ppET-1 and ECE-1 increased with persistent upregulation of mRNA levels of ETA and ETB receptors, and immunohistochemical staining for ET-1 was found at endothelial cells and myocytes. BNP mRNA level increased with a further increase in ANP mRNA level. Conclusions: The transition to isolated diastolic heart failure in hypertrophied hearts was associated with preserved gene expression of the renin–angiotensin system and 'overdrive' of gene expression of the ET system. BNP gene expression is likely to be activated by the progression of diastolic failure rather than by LV hypertrophy alone.
Reviews have to be fair and unbiased
Authors: J. J Y Sung, P. K T Li, J. E Sanderson, J. Woo
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—As the editors of the Textbook of Clinical Medicine of Asia we believe that we have to respond to the unnecessarily rude and offensive review of our book in the BMJ .1 Gilks has misunderstood the purpose of our textbook and also shows his ignorance of the nature of medicine in Southeast Asia.

The difference in the standard and practice of medicine between Asia and the West (North America and Europe) is …
Aspects of Inflammation
Authors: Nelson R. Niles
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<b>Balancing Mechanisms in Acute Inflammation</b>, by Béla Gözsy and László Kátó, 376 pp, 26 illus, paper, $7.50, Quebec: Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, Montreal University, 1970. <i>Series Haematologica</i>publishes comprehensive reviews on selected hematological subjects. The present issue consists of 11 articles in two volumes totaling 337 pages. The subjects include chemical mediators, coagulation and plasma enzymes, chemotaxis, monocytes, neutrophils, the lymphatic system, and immunoglobulin and complement. The authors command international repute in the field, and the content is correspondingly excellent. The discussion of each subject is pervasive yet not repetitious. The book does not consider all aspects of inflammation (the contribution of the nervous system is missing), but the individual essays are sufficiently thorough, organized, and documented that they afford an important understanding, fundamental to medical biology and pathology. Biologists and medical research workers will value this highly. The inflammatory response is a complex combination of events, including changes
Sustained remissions and low rate of BCR‐ABL resistance mutations with imatinib treatment chronic myelogenous leukemia in patients treated in late chronic phase: A 5‐year follow up
Authors: Georg Hess, Ralf G. Meyer, Brigitte Schuch, Katja Bechthold, Ilse El‐Kholy, Christoph Huber
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract The introduction of Imatinib (IM) has significantly altered the treatment for CML, although only limited follow‐up results are available. As failure of Interferon‐α had been associated with poor prognosis and results of IM‐treatment in this patient group may allow earlier estimation of long‐term benefits for early chronic phase patients. Therefore we prospectively analyzed the quality and duration of remissions and the rate of BCR‐ABL resistance mutations occurring in patients treated with IM, if they were intolerant or refractory to interferon. Fifty‐nine patients were included and median follow up is 4.75 years. Haematologic remission rate was 92% and 62% of patients achieved at least major cytogenetic remission. There were no major differences between patients failing or being refractory to IFN. Major molecular response was observed in 67% of patients evaluable. For the entire group, median PFS was 4.3 years and OS was 82% at 4.75 years. Haematologic and complete cytogenetic remissions, but not molecular responses were correlated with improved PFS and OS. In patients with progression or inadequate response, BCR‐ABL kinase domain mutations were detected in 3/28 patients. IM resulted in prolonged remission rates in a substantial proportion after IFN‐failure/intolerance, with no differences in these patient groups. Quality of hematologic and cytogenetic, but not molecular response was associated with duration of remissions and survival. A low rate of resistance‐mutations was detected, suggesting that alternative mechanism may play an important role in disease progression. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal Function After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yoshihide Takahashi, Atsushi Takahashi, Taishi Kuwahara, Kenji Okubo, Tadashi Fujino, Katsumasa Takagi, Emiko Nakashima, Tetsuo Kamiishi, Hiroyuki Hikita, Kenzo Hirao, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Kidney function is a known predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) often have kidney dysfunction, less is known about the association between AF and kidney function. We sought to assess changes in kidney function after catheter ablation of AF.Patients who underwent catheter ablation of AF were recruited for the present prospective study. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated before and 1 year after the ablation. Three hundred eighty-six patients (paroxysmal AF, 135; persistent AF, 106; longstanding persistent AF, 145) were studied. Their baseline eGFR was 68 ± 14 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2). Sixty-six percent and 26% of patients had eGFR of 60 to 89 and 30 to 59 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2), respectively. Overall, 278 patients (72%) were arrhythmia free over a 1-year follow-up. In patients free from arrhythmia, eGFR increased 3 months later and was maintained until 1 year, whereas in patients with recurrences, eGFR had decreased over 1 year. Changes in eGFR over 1 year in patients free from arrhythmia differed significantly compared with those with recurrences (3 ± 8 versus -2 ± 8 mL · min(-1) · 1.73 m(-2); P<0.0001). In all quartiles of baseline eGFR, changes in eGFR over 1 year after the ablation were greater in patients free from arrhythmia compared with those with recurrences.Elimination of AF by catheter ablation was associated with improvement of kidney function over a 1-year follow-up in patients with mild to moderate kidney dysfunction.
Pregnancy after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: H Singh, P J Bolton, C M Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Forty pregnancies have been documented in 27 patients with surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot. Infertility was uncommon and there were no premature births and few abortions or small-for-dates babies; this suggests that surgery that corrects cyanosis improves the outcome of pregnancy by correcting the fetal environment. Pregnancy was well tolerated and there were no serious cardiac complications. Thirty of the 31 infants examined were normal, the one abnormal infant having pulmonary atresia. A patient with no major residual defects after surgery for tetralogy of Fallot may be reassured that pregnancy will be well tolerated and that delivery may be managed in the normal manner.
Linguistic structure and short term memory
Authors: Emmanuel M. Pothos, Patrick Juola
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We provide additional support for Cowan's claim that short term memory (STM) involves a range of 3–5 tokens, on the basis of language correlational analyses. If language is at least partly learned, linguistic dependency structure should reflect properties of the cognitive components mediating learning; one such component is STM. In this view, the range over which statistical regularity extends in ordinary text would be suggestive of STM span. Our analyses of eight languages are consistent with STM span being about four chunks.
As Genes Differ, So Should Interventions for Cancer
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary Artery Bypass
Authors: ROBERT J. HALL, JOHN T. DAWSON, DENTON A. COOLEY, GRADY L. HALLMAN, DON C. WUKASCH, EFRAIN GARCIA
Journal: Circulation (1973)

From October 1969 through March 1972, 1,276 patients underwent coronary artery bypass at the Texas Heart Institute. Associated conditions included simultaneous valve replacement and resection or repair of ventricular aneurysms or ascending aortic aneurysms. Among the series were 1,105 patients who underwent bypass surgery alone, with or without endarterectomy. Factors affecting outcome were analyzed and revealed adverse influences including concomitant endarterectomy, female sex, age, evidence of left ventricular failure or serious ventricular dysfunction, and previous myocardial infarction within the month before surgery, but more importantly within the week prior to surgery. Functional class III and IV angina was significantly decreased or totally relieved in a high percentage of patients after bypass surgery, and remains the major indication at this time for myocardial revascularization. Progressive reduction in surgical risk and improvement in patient selection allow coronary artery bypass to be performed currently with an early mortality risk of only 3.7%.
Risk of Diabetes in U.S. Military Service Members in Relation to Combat Deployment and Mental Health
Authors: Edward J. Boyko, Isabel G. Jacobson, Besa Smith, Margaret A.K. Ryan, Tomoko I. Hooper, Paul J. Amoroso, Gary D. Gackstetter, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Tyler C. Smith
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Few prospective data exist on the risk of diabetes in individuals serving in the U.S. military. The objectives of this study were to determine whether military deployment, combat exposures, and mental health conditions were related to the risk of newly reported diabetes over 3 years. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data were from Millennium Cohort Study participants who completed baseline (July 2001–June 2003) and follow-up (June 2004–February 2006) questionnaires (follow-up response rate = 71.4%). After exclusion criteria were applied, adjusted analyses included 44,754 participants (median age 36 years, range 18–68 years). Survey instruments collected demographics, height, weight, lifestyle, military service, clinician-diagnosed diabetes, and other physical and mental health conditions. Deployment was defined by U.S. Department of Defense databases, and combat exposure was assessed by self-report at follow-up. Odds of newly reported diabetes were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Occurrence of diabetes during follow-up was 3 per 1,000 person-years. Individuals reporting diabetes at follow-up were significantly older, had greater baseline BMI, and were less likely to be Caucasian. After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, education, race/ethnicity, military service characteristics, and mental health conditions, only baseline posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly associated with risk of diabetes (odds ratio 2.07 [95% CI 1.31–3.29]). Deployments since September 2001 were not significantly related to higher diabetes risk, with or without combat exposure. CONCLUSIONS In this military cohort, PTSD symptoms at baseline but not other mental health symptoms or military deployment experience were significantly associated with future risk of self-reported diabetes.
INTUBATION STUDIES OF THE HUMAN SMALL INTESTINE. XXIII. A METHOD OF DETERMINING DIGESTIVE ACTIVITY IN ANY PORTION OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT, WITH SOME MEASUREMENTS OF PROTEIN DIGESTION IN THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE 12
Authors: Kendall A. Elsom, Francis W. Chornock, Francis G. Dickey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1942)
An anatomically and electrogram-guided stepwise approach for effective and safe catheter ablation of the fast pathway for elimination of atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Hans Kottkamp, Gerhard Hindricks, Stephan Willems, Xu Chen, Lutz Reinhardt, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Günter Breithardt, Martin Borggrefe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)