tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resuscitation Cart for Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bernard E. Cappe
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An emergency resuscitation plan for the treatment of the cardiac arrest patient should include a resuscitation cart. The cart is mobile, small, and carries equipment necessary to initiate the treatment. It is low in cost, and may be stored in the emergency room, intensive care unit, or the nursing station. The basic cart was modified by adding a small suction apparatus, anaeroid manometer, intravenous pole, and two large hooks on the back of which a wooden board could be hung. The board is placed under the patient prior to closed-chest cardiac massage. The cart has five drawers and an open compartment. <h3>Drawer 1:</h3> One section contains laryngoscopes, universal adapters, magill forceps, stylet, Kelly clamp, sponges, lubricating jelly, and bite blocks; the other contains an assortment of oral and nasal airways and endotracheal tubes. <h3>Drawer 2:</h3> One section contains ampoules of epinephrine, levarterenol bitartrate, phenylephrine hydrochloride, calcium chloride,
Latest HRT trial results show risk of dementia
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Postmenopausal women who take combined oestrogen and progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) face twice the risk of developing dementia than women who do not, a new study says ( JAMA 2203;289:2651-62).

The finding deals a fresh blow to the practice of routine hormonal supplementation in postmenopausal women and contradicts previous observational and epidemiological studies that indicated that oestrogen replacement therapy could protect against Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementias ( JAMA 2002;288:2123-9, 2170-1).

As reported in last week's BMJ (31 May, p 1161) the drug company Wyeth, which funded the study, has admitted that it secretly briefed a number of medical societies in advance of the study's publication, knowing it was going to be potentially damaging for the company.

The …
Fibronectin Fragment CH-296 Inhibits Apoptosis and Enhances ex Vivo Gene Transfer by Murine Retrovirus and Human Lentivirus Vectors Independent of Viral Tropism in Nonhuman Primate CD34+ Cells
Authors: Robert E. Donahue, Brian P. Sorrentino, Robert G. Hawley, Dong Sung An, Irvin S.Y. Chen, Robert P. Wersto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The fibronectin fragment CH-296 improved gene transfer to cytokine-mobilized nonhuman primate CD34+ cells irrespective of tropism to the MoMLV, GaLV, and VSV-G envelope proteins using murine stem cell virus (MSCV) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-based retrovirus vectors. For the HIV-1 lentivirus vector, CH-296 enhanced gene transfer in the absence of added hematopoietic growth factors necessary for ex vivo stem cell expansion. In the presence of CH-296, apoptosis of CD34+ cells was inhibited, and in mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells, cell division was stimulated as measured by cell history/tracking experiments.
Poliomyelitis in an Isolated Amerindian Population
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A poliomyelitis epidemic apparently occurred in about 1936 in an almost totally isolated population of forest-dwelling Amerindians, suggesting that endemic poliomyelitis may have been present prior to sustained contact with urban populations. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1295-1297, 1974)
Restricting Benzodiazepines to Short-Term Prescription
Authors: John H. Krystal, Scott Stossel, Andrew D. Krystal
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Responsiveness to intravenous administration of salbutamol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Carlo A. Volta, Raffaele Alvisi, Elisabetta Marangoni, Ermino R. Righini, Marco Verri, Riccardo Ragazzi, Valentina Alvisi, Enrico Ferri, Joseph Milic-Emili
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Article about Canadian guidelines on proton pump inhibitors was misleading
Authors: S. Frame
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—I am writing because AstraZeneca Canada objects to the fact that the BMJ did not ask the company for comment before publishing Shuchman's news article on guidelines about the prescription of proton pump inhibitors in Canada.1 The article misleads readers on several counts.

Firstly, Shuchman writes of a letter that AstraZeneca sent to Dr Anne Holbrook; the letter was sent two years ago to Dr Holbrook as the chair of a government committee. The government of Ontario responded …
Abstract P6-15-10: Targeting Delta-Like 4 Ligand (DLL4)/Notch Signaling by a Novel Anti-DLL4 Antibody Inhibits Tumor Growth through Altering Cancer Stem Cell and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Associated Genes in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: W-C Yen, M Fischer, L Beviglia, P Yeung, A Kapoun, M Wang, J Lewicki, A Gurney, T. Hoey
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC, ER-, PR-Her2-) accounts for 10% of all types of breast cancer and is known to be particularly aggressive and refractory to current therapies. Chemotherapeutic agents, such as taxanes, are currently the only treatment option for this type of breast cancer. However, these treatments often result in local and systemic relapse. While several promising targeted agents have improved the relapse rate in the combination with chemotherapy in patients with pathologic complete response, those who do not achieve pathologic complete response still have a poor prognosis. We previously demonstrated that interfering with Deltalike 4 ligand (DLL4)/Notch signaling by an anti-DLL4 antibody decreased tumor growth and delayed tumor recurrence following paclitaxel treatment through reducing breast cancer stem cell fraction and tumorigenicity (Proc Am Asso Cancer Res. 51:4, 2010). CD44+/CD24low cells have been demonstrated to be highly tumorigenic in breast tumors and are associated with treatment resistance (PNAS U S A, 106: 13820-13825, 2009). To gain insights into the mechanism of action of anti-DLL4-mediated TNBC growth inhibition, we evaluated the effect of anti-DLL4 on breast cancer CD44+/CD24low the expression patterns of a list of genes involved in sternness, differentiation, and key stem cell signaling pathways in TNBC xenograft tumors following paclitaxel with and without antibody treatment in vivo. Our data showed that paclitaxel treatment resulted in significant changes of gene expression patterns in the CD44+/CD24low cells in the residual tumors. We further analyzed these genes and identified several genes related to Notch signaling, stem cell maintenance and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that were modulated differentially by treatment with paclitaxel and/or anti-DLL4. In a metastatic TNBC orthotopic tumor model, the anti-DLL4 treatment resulted in tumor growth inhibition at the primary site and distant organs. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeting DLL4 may improve the efficacy of current treatments, delay tumor recurrence, and reduce metastatic growth in TNBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-15-10.
Multicenter clinical investigation of a second generation programmable pacemaker-cardioverter-defibrillator
Authors: sanjeev saksena, Lon Castle, Richard Fogoros, Barry Alpert, Jack Kron, Anthony Pacifico, Jerry Griffin, Jeremy Ruskin, Richard Kehoe, Raymond Yee, Paul Dorian, Charles Kerr, Richard Luceri, Maria Poczobutt-Johanas, Michael Poliseno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Mandatory Reporting of Loss of Consciousness or Confusion Due to Alcohol-Reply
Authors: James Kitchens
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Drucker's letter highlights an interesting problem for some physicians. He calls attention to the potential dilemma that physicians face as they try to identify people with alcohol problems, given the legal requirement that California physicians report all patients who have had episodes of a loss of consciousness or episodes of confusion. In California, this report would be filed with the local health department, which in turn would report to the Department of Motor Vehicles. I would not encourage physicians to fail to discharge their legal responsibilities as defined by California law or other states with similar regulations, nor would I want to do anything that would discourage physicians in their attempt to identify patients who may have unrecognized alcohol-related problems.  I would call the reader's attention to my article. The MAST is composed of 24 questions. Its length and the time it takes to administer it preclude
1134 High throughput screening for drug induced liver disease — investigative and preemptive toxicology
Authors: N SUSSMAN, J KELLY
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Ischemic heart disease stands as the number one leading cause of death in the United States. Current interventions rely on the immediate restoration of blood flow to the ischemic area; however, this in turn may trigger a series of undesirable events that are further injurious to the myocardium, termed ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at limiting the extent of myocardial injury. Yet, the molecular mechanisms responsible for I/R injury remain largely indefinable. Research efforts are currently investigating various signaling mechanisms to be used for potential targets limiting cardiac injury due to such cardiovascular events. In this review, we highlight two potential molecular targets, PPAR-γ and AMPK, which have been extensively reported to have various cardioprotective capabilities against I/R injury. Although functionally different, the pathways these proteins mediate seem to intersect and possibly act synergistically potentiating a cardioprotective response.
Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts from the ESCAPE Project
Authors: G. Cesaroni, F. Forastiere, M. Stafoggia, Z. J. Andersen, C. Badaloni, R. Beelen, B. Caracciolo, U. de Faire, R. Erbel, K. T. Eriksen, L. Fratiglioni, C. Galassi, R. Hampel, M. Heier, F. Hennig, A. Hilding, B. Hoffmann, D. Houthuijs, K.-H. Jockel, M. Korek, T. Lanki, K. Leander, P. K. E. Magnusson, E. Migliore, C.-G. Ostenson, K. Overvad, N. L. Pedersen, J. P. J, J. Penell, G. Pershagen, A. Pyko, O. Raaschou-Nielsen, A. Ranzi, F. Ricceri, C. Sacerdote, V. Salomaa, W. Swart, A. W. Turunen, P. Vineis, G. Weinmayr, K. Wolf, K. de Hoogh, G. Hoek, B. Brunekreef, A. Peters
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To study the effect of long term exposure to airborne pollutants on the incidence of acute coronary events in 11 cohorts participating in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE).Prospective cohort studies and meta-analysis of the results.Cohorts in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and Italy.100 166 people were enrolled from 1997 to 2007 and followed for an average of 11.5 years. Participants were free from previous coronary events at baseline.Modelled concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), 2.5-10 μm (PMcoarse), and <10 μm (PM10) in aerodynamic diameter, soot (PM2.5 absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and traffic exposure at the home address based on measurements of air pollution conducted in 2008-12. Cohort specific hazard ratios for incidence of acute coronary events (myocardial infarction and unstable angina) per fixed increments of the pollutants with adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors, and pooled random effects meta-analytic hazard ratios.5157 participants experienced incident events. A 5 μg/m(3) increase in estimated annual mean PM2.5 was associated with a 13% increased risk of coronary events (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.30), and a 10 μg/m(3) increase in estimated annual mean PM10 was associated with a 12% increased risk of coronary events (1.12, 1.01 to 1.25) with no evidence of heterogeneity between cohorts. Positive associations were detected below the current annual European limit value of 25 μg/m(3) for PM2.5 (1.18, 1.01 to 1.39, for 5 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5) and below 40 μg/m(3) for PM10 (1.12, 1.00 to 1.27, for 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10). Positive but non-significant associations were found with other pollutants.Long term exposure to particulate matter is associated with incidence of coronary events, and this association persists at levels of exposure below the current European limit values.
Immunomodulatory effects of therapeutic gold compounds. Gold sodium thiomalate inhibits the activity of T cell protein kinase C.
Authors: K Hashimoto, C E Whitehurst, T Matsubara, K Hirohata, P E Lipsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Previous studies have shown that the gold compounds, gold sodium thiomalate (GST) and auranofin (AUR), which are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inhibit functional activities of a variety of cells, but the biochemical basis of their effect is unknown. In the current studies, human T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 production by Jurkat cells were inhibited by GST or AUR at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Because it has been documented that protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in T cell activation, the capacity of gold compounds to inhibit PKC partially purified from Jurkat cells was assayed in vitro. GST was found to inhibit PKC in a dose-dependent manner, but AUR caused no significant inhibition of PKC at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. The inhibitory effect of GST on PKC was abolished by 2-mercaptoethanol. To investigate the effect of GST on the regulation of PKC in vivo, the levels of PKC activity in Jurkat cells were examined. Cytosolic PKC activity decreased slowly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner as a result of incubation of Jurkat cells with GST. To ascertain whether GST inhibited PKC translocation and down-regulation, PKC activities associated with the membrane and cystosolic fractions were evaluated after phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation of GST incubated Jurkat cells. Translocation of PKC was markedly inhibited by pretreatment of Jurkat cells with GST for 3 d, but the capacity of PMA to down-regulate PKC activity in Jurkat cells was not altered by GST preincubation. The functional impact of GST-mediated downregulation of PKC in Jurkat cells was examined by analyzing PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of CD3. Although GST preincubated Jurkat cells exhibited an increased density of CD3, PMA-stimulated phosphorylation of the gamma chain of CD3 was markedly inhibited. Specificity for the inhibitory effect of GST on PKC was suggested by the finding that GST did not alter the mitogen-induced increases in inositol trisphosphate levels in Jurkat cells. Finally, the mechanism of the GST-induced inhibition of PKC was examined in detail, using purified PKC subspecies from rat brain. GST inhibited type II PKC more effectively than type III PKC, and also inhibited the enzymatic activity of the isolated catalytic fragment of PKC. The inhibitory effect of GST on PKC activity could not be explained by competition with phospholipid or nonspecific interference with the substrate. These data suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of GST may result from its capacity to inhibit PKC activity.
Inflammatory Cell Count and Identification in Specific Duodenitis: (Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease) Comparison with jejunal findings
Authors: R. Cheli, A. Giacosa
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

The authors studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement.
Case of Traumatic Tetanus: Inhalation of Aether
Authors: D. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1847)

CASE OF TRAUMATIC TETANUS.interior matter of blood-cells contribute to the elabo- rating function of the cell, and to the sum of the product which the cell may ultimately deliver up, whether new cells, a fibrillating matter, or a fluid secretion; but that coagulated fibrine, or any of the molecules, particles, or nuclei, inclosed among the fibres, are capable of again becoming elaborating cells, multiplying cellular forms, and giving rise to suppU- ration " in the widest sense of the word," is a quesgton much too important.to be concluded by inferences opposed to general laws.To be adoptedit ought to be proved demonstratively.But, let it be granted, or let us assume, that cells of sundry kinds, muscular fibres, and epithelium, do spring from " an unlimited cyto- genesis" in coagulable or coagulated fibrin or lymph, and the application of the law and doctrines of mor- phology to the phenomena of inflammation and scrofu- lous diseases is uot thereby affected; for, if, as occurs in inflammation, the normal elements of an osseous, cartilaginous, or fibrous texture, be permeated by an increased number of blood-currents, and fettered or hindered in their function by an unwonted accumula- tion of abnormal cells and protoplasma, the metamor- phosis is irregular; and if, in the manner granted, these textures become transformed, as they do in scrofulous diseases, into red and vascular textures, copiously excreting the cellular forms, denominated pus, the metamorpbosis is retrograde.The following cae will, I think, put the matter in a clear and intelligible point of view, and furnish rational grounds of distinction between iuflammation and scrofulous disease.(To be continued.)
Echocardiographic Determinants of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Relation to Functional Status and Plasma BNP Levels
Authors: Oğuz Karaca, Anıl Avcı, Gamze Babur Guler, Elnur Alizade, Ekrem Güler, Haci Murat Gunes, Gökhan Göl, Ulaankhuu Batgerel, Mehmet Onur Omaygenç, Filiz Kızılırmak, Çetin Geçmen, Ali Metin Esen, Muhsin Türkmen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Identification and brief advice could reduce alcohol harm, survey says
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Doctors and nurses tend to underestimate the effectiveness of identification and brief advice (IBA) in reducing alcohol consumption, according to a survey commissioned by the Department of Health.

IBA involves giving simple advice to people drinking at increasing or higher risk levels who may not be consulting for an alcohol related problem. IBA used to be known as screening and brief interventions.

“Increasing risk drinkers” are defined as men who regularly drink more than three to four units a day and women who regularly drink more than two to three units a day. “Higher risk drinkers” are defined as men who regularly drink more than eight units a day or more than 50 units of alcohol a week and women …
New Radioisotope Test for Detection of Deep Venous Thrombosis in the Legs
Authors: G. J. Duffy, D. D'Auria, T. G. Brien, D. Ormond, J. A. Mehigan
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A radiopharmsceutical product, labelled macroaggregates of albumin (M.A.A.), which is in use as a lung scintiscanning agent has been noted to have an affinity for venous thrombi. With this material and an inexpensive portable scintillation detector we have attempted to diagnose and localize thrombi in leg veins. The procedure is performed at the bedside and the result is available in 30 minutes. Thirty-one patients with clinical evidence suggestive of deep venous thrombosis in the legs were studied by the radioisotope method and by phlebography. There was agreement in 18 of 21 legs shown to contain thrombus on phlebography and in 9 of 10 legs shown to be free of thrombosis on phlebography. There was, however, lesser agreement on the site of thrombosis between the two methods. The ease of performing the test combined with the rapidity of obtaining results and accuracy in diagnosis suggests that the test has a clinical application.
STUDIES ON BACTERIOPHAGE
Authors: Elizabeth M. Miller, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Phase I and Phase II Sh. sonnei exhibit differences in their susceptibility to the T series of bacteriophages. Both microorganisms are lysed by T(2) and T(6), but only the Phase II bacillus is lysed by T(3), T(4), and T(7). Lysis of the Phase I or Phase II bacillus by T(2) or T(6) is not inhibited by the homologous type-specific antigen. In the presence of an appropriate cofactor, however, the lysis of Phase II Sh. sonnei by T(3), T(4), and T(7) is specifically inhibited by the homologous somatic antigen but not by the Phase I antigen. The significance of these observations is discussed in respect to the nature of the virus receptor of these microorganisms.
Radium Exposure and Longevity: Not Mutually Exclusive-Reply
Authors: Roger M. Macklis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Dr Brucer misquotes the article. The actual quotation reads, ... an astonishing feat of longevity for someone who claimed to have consumed more radium water than any living man [emphasis added]. William J. A. Bailey was certainly one among many heavy radium ingesters during this period, and some of these individuals lived to advanced ages. Most, however, did not.  Some legitimate investigators may honestly believe that current fears concerning the somatic and genetic effects of ionizing radiation have been overstated. 1 However, few would argue that we as a society have for better or worse put the burden of proof squarely on the shoulders of those who advocate less stringent radiation protection standards. At present, there are no convincing data that ionizing radiation at any dose (including background) is entirely free of health risks. Though the magnitude of the risk may be small compared with other dangers in an