tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lysosome-Related Organelles in Intestinal Cells Are a Zinc Storage Site in C. elegans
Authors: Hyun Cheol Roh, Sara Collier, James Guthrie, J. David Robertson, Kerry Kornfeld
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)

Zinc is an essential trace element involved in many biological processes and human diseases. Because zinc deficiency and excess are deleterious, animals require homeostatic mechanisms to maintain zinc levels in response to dietary fluctuations. Here, we demonstrate that lysosome-related organelles in intestinal cells of C. elegans, called gut granules, function as the major site of zinc storage. Zinc storage in gut granules promotes detoxification and subsequent mobilization, linking cellular and organismal zinc metabolism. The cation diffusion facilitator protein CDF-2 plays a critical role in this process by transporting zinc into gut granules. In response to high dietary zinc, gut granules displayed structural changes characterized by a bilobed morphology with asymmetric distributions of zinc and molecular markers. We defined a genetic pathway that mediates the formation of bilobed morphology. These findings elucidate mechanisms of zinc storage, detoxification, and mobilization in C. elegans and may be relevant to other animals.
Funding international family planning
Authors: M Potts, J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Last October Senator Brian Harradine from Tasmania blocked part of the Australian government's funding to international family planning. He defends his action by three arguments: that the “empirical evidence documenting the supposed negative net impact of population growth on economic development in general is either fragile or non-existent”; that family planning is a “diversion of Australia's precious aid money from development cooperation and poverty alleviation programmes to population control”; and that family …
Case 79-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A fifty-four-year-old Italian woman was referred to the hospital because of pain in the chest and back. Eight days previously, while getting into a car, she experienced the sudden onset of ripping pain in the chest and back. The pain originated between the scapulas at the level of the first thoracic vertebra and radiated down the back to the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra and anteriorly to the substernal region, where it persisted as a dull, aching sensation. After fifteen minutes of severe pain she was able to drive home. Four days later she was admitted . . .
The Carotid Pulse in Aortic Incompetence
Authors: J. T. R. Davison
Journal: BMJ (1882)

was struck, not only by the lessening of the pyrexia, but also by the relief credited by patients themselves to each dose of the remedy-much as one almost expects to hear of it in acute rheumatism.One sur- geon, himself a suflerer, notes marked relief within twenty minutes (Mid.Med.Miscel., No. 6).Iiormazdji recommends twenty-grain doses; and, having noted relief in fifty-seven cases of tonsillitis caused by cold and damp, concludes that such cases give the best results, and that, when the malady arises from bad air or drainage, it is less amenable.This seems reasonable, but is not exactly my experience.For instance, of a family of nine children living in a house too small for them.and defective as to drainage, five in succession got severe acute tonsillitis, several having a temperature over I03°Fahr., and nocturnal delirium, and all going on to more or less ulceration.
At US Army and Air Force Bases in Europe, Babies and Broken Bones Head Medical Care List
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WHAT WITH delivering thousands of babies a year, caring for family members with physical and mental disabilities, rehabilitating adults with alcohol and/or drug abuse problems, counseling couples with marital woes, and dealing with the various ailments and injuries that can afflict a basically healthy young population, it's cause for wonder that peacetime personnel at the US Army and US Air Force medical centers in West Germany are able effectively to carry out the other half of their mission: being prepared to provide medical support in the event of war.  Visits to the two centers under the Heidelberg-based Seventh Medical Command, Frankfurt Army Regional Medical Center (FARMC) and Landstuhl Army Regional Medical Center (LARMC), and to the Wiesbaden Air Force Regional Medical Center give some idea how they do it. The task is clearly immense.  All three are responsible for primary and tertiary care in their own approximately 13 000 km
Augmented expression of a myeloid-specific protein tyrosine kinase gene (hck) after macrophage activation.
Authors: S F Ziegler, C B Wilson, R M Perlmutter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Protein tyrosine kinases are thought to participate in signal transduction pathways in a variety of cell types. Recent studies have identified a new src family protein tyrosine kinase (hck) that is preferentially expressed in myeloid cells. To examine the hypothesis that this kinase may regulate myeloid cell activity, antisera were generated that define the 59-kD product of the hck gene. Functional activation of human cultured macrophages with LPS augmented the expression of hck transcripts and of p59hck, but decreased the level of transcripts encoded by the closely related c-fgr protooncogene. Thus these two structurally similar src family kinases almost certainly subserve distinct functions. Reasoning from the known properties of the src family protein tyrosine kinases, it is likely that the products of these two protooncogenes assist in regulating the behavior of activated phagocytes.
Pran Kishan Kapur
Authors: Raj Kapur, Punam Rubenstein, Aditi Stephens
Journal: BMJ (2005)

the distinguished UK transplant immunologist and Nobel laureate.She spent her life supporting her husband's career and working hard for causes she cared about and believed in-the global environment, population control, and family planning.She was one of a redoubtable group of women who had to combat the most extraordinarily hostile attitudes in the early days of family planning.She was fond of quoting a letter published in the Lancet in 1930, when she was 17, saying that the subject "was something that no decent man would handle with a pair of tongs."In 1954, when she was 31, she met Margaret Pyke, chairwoman of the Family Planning Association, and this started her considerable contribution to the movement.She became a member of the executive in 1960, and was chairwoman from 1968 to 1970.For two decades, from 1957 to 1976, she was joint editor of Family Planning (now Family Planning Today).
Newly diagnosed adult AML and MPAL patients frequently show clonal residual hematopoiesis
Authors: C Fernandez, M C Santos-Silva, A López, S Matarraz, M Jara-Acevedo, J Ciudad, M L Gutierrez, M L Sánchez, C Salvador-Osuna, M J Berruezo, J Á Díaz-Arias, A M Palomo-Hernández, E Colado, N González, D Gallardo, A Asensio, R García-Sánchez, R Saldaña, C Cerveró, A Carboné-Bañeres, O Gutierrez, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Attenuated adenosine-to-inosine editing of microRNA-376a* promotes invasiveness of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Yukti Choudhury, Felix Chang Tay, Dang Hoang Lam, Edwin Sandanaraj, Carol Tang, Beng-Ti Ang, Shu Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

In the human brain, microRNAs (miRNAs) from the microRNA-376 (miR-376) cluster undergo programmed “seed” sequence modifications by adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing. Emerging evidence suggests a link between impaired A-to-I editing and cancer, particularly in high-grade gliomas. We hypothesized that disruption of A-to-I editing alters expression of genes regulating glioma tumor phenotypes. By sequencing the miR-376 cluster, we show that the overall miRNA editing frequencies were reduced in human gliomas. Specifically in high-grade gliomas, miR-376a* accumulated entirely in an unedited form. Clinically, a significant correlation was found between accumulation of unedited miR-376a* and the extent of invasive tumor spread as measured by magnetic resonance imaging of patient brains. Using both in vitro and orthotopic xenograft mouse models, we demonstrated that the unedited miR-376a* promoted glioma cell migration and invasion, while the edited miR-376a* suppressed these features. The effects of the unedited miR-376a* were mediated by its sequence-dependent ability to target RAP2A and concomitant inability to target AMFR. Thus, the tumor-dependent introduction of a single base difference in the miR-376a* sequence dramatically alters the selection of its target genes and redirects its function from inhibiting to promoting glioma cell invasion. These findings uncover a new mechanism of miRNA deregulation and identify unedited miR-376a* as a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma cells.
Inhalation Exposure Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with a Primary Particle Size of 2 to 5 nm
Authors: Vicki H. Grassian, Patrick T. O’Shaughnessy, Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd, John M. Pettibone, Peter S. Thorne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Nanotechnology offers great promise in many industrial applications. However, little is known about the health effects of manufactured nanoparticles, the building blocks of nanomaterials.Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles with a primary size of 2-5 nm have not been studied previously in inhalation exposure models and represent some of the smallest manufactured nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of these nanoparticles using a murine model of lung inflammation and injury.The properties of TiO(2) nanoparticles as well as the characteristics of aerosols of these particles were evaluated. Mice were exposed to TiO(2) nanoparticles in a whole-body exposure chamber acutely (4 hr) or subacutely (4 hr/day for 10 days). Toxicity in exposed mice was assessed by enumeration of total and differential cells, determination of total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Lungs were also evaluated for histopathologic changesMice exposed acutely to 0.77 or 7.22 mg/m(3) nanoparticles demonstrated minimal lung toxicity or inflammation. Mice exposed subacutely (8.88 mg/m(3)) and necropsied immediately and at week 1 or 2 postexposure had higher counts of total cells and alveolar macrophages in the BAL fluid compared with sentinels. However, mice recovered by week 3 postexposure. Other indicators were negative.Mice subacutely exposed to 2-5 nm TiO(2) nanoparticles showed a significant but moderate inflammatory response among animals at week 0, 1, or 2 after exposure that resolved by week 3 postexposure.
The Decedent Affairs Office
Authors: Abida K. Haque
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The success of a centralized decedent affairs office depends on support by clinicians, the department chairman, and hospital administration. The benefits to the institution include improved public relations with a decedent's family, compliance with state and federal laws, increased organ donations, and better risk management programs. The only drawback of establishing such an office is the additional personnel necessary for 24-hour coverage. However, modifications in the functions and staffing levels of a decedent affairs office may be made, depending on the needs of individual institutions. We hypothesized that consent for autopsy would be easier to obtain and cause less emotional upheaval for family members if procedures were well established and specially trained individuals were involved in the process. With these ideas in mind, we established a decedent affairs office at The University of Texas Medical Branch in 1984.
Europe Needs a Central, Transparent, and Evidence-Based Approval Process for Behavioural Prevention Interventions
Authors: Fabrizio Faggiano, Elias Allara, Fabrizia Giannotta, Roberta Molinar, Harry Sumnall, Reinout Wiers, Susan Michie, Linda Collins, Patricia Conrod
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Fabrizio Faggiano and colleagues discuss how a central, transparent, and evidence-based approval process is needed for behavioral prevention interventions in Europe and propose a way forward. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Clinton Tinkers With Health System Status Quo; Critics Seek to Pick Apart Managed Competition
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE CLINTON administration is doing more listening than talking about how to overhaul the nation's health care system, and so far is only tinkering with the status quo.  Still, President William J. Clinton has promised to have a plan for universal access and cost control to Congress by May.  The President took a fire-and-brimstone tone in his State of the Union address when running through the litany of health care system horrors and how they must be solved to turn the nation's economy around. However, he offered  specifics of his overall reform plan in the hour-long speech.  The President's economic package calls for $26 billion more over the next 4 years in public health spending, including expansion of childhood immunization, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention, substance abuse prevention and treatment, and women's health research.  'No New Cuts'  Clinton said there would be no new cuts in the Medicare program
Tetracycline fluorescence and cytological procedures compared for the detection of malignancy.
Authors: L J Sandlow, H Necheles
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS The usefulness of the tetracycline fluorescence test for gastric carcinoma is limited by the proportion of false positive results obtained.This paper suggests a method by which this proportion may be reduced, and also that the test is particularly useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Propranolol in hypertension.
Authors: S. N. Tewari
Journal: BMJ (1968)

These studies prompted us to review the thyroid scans of euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients referred to our institute for thyroid diagnosis since 1966.Scans are made routinely of nearly all patients except some young children.Two categories of patients were excluded: those who previously had undergone thyroid surgery, and those with hyperfunctioning nodules as the only visible thyroid tissue on the scan.The remaining 452 scans, 318 in euthyroid and 134 in hyperthyroid patients, were further divided into four subgroups: (a) normal (no nodules, estimated thyroid weight 30 g. or less); (b) diffusely enlarged; (c) solitary nodule; and (d) multinodular.Normal thyroids were more common in euthyroid than in hyper- thyroid patients: 117 out of 318 (37%) and 16 out of 134 (12%), respectively.Diffusely enlarged thyroids and those with multiple nodules were found more frequently in hyperthyroid patients.TABLE I.-Thyroid Asymmetry in Euthyroid Patients Subgroup R > L R=L R < L Total Normal 56 (48%) 44 (38%) 17 (15%)1 117 Diffusely enlarged 34 (60%) 12 (21%) 11 (19%) 57 Solitary nodule 47 (52%) 19 (21%) 25 (28%) 91 Multinodular 22 (44%) 11 (21%) 20 (38%) 53 R, Right lobe; L, left lobe; %, per cent of total number in subgroup.however, larger left lobes were about as numerous as larger right lobes.The pre- dominant occurrence of solitary thyroid nodules in the right lobe`6 was also con- firmed.The richer vascularization of the right lobe has been proposed as an explana- tion.'-Weare, etc.,
Slow regression of liver fibrosis presumed by repeated biomarkers after virological cure in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Thierry Poynard, Joseph Moussalli, Mona Munteanu, Dominique Thabut, Pascal Lebray, Marika Rudler, Yen Ngo, Vincent Thibault, Helmi Mkada, Frederic Charlotte, Françoise Imbert Bismut, Olivier Deckmyn, Yves Benhamou, Marc Antoine Valantin, Vlad Ratziu, Christine Katlama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Racism and Psychiatry
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Most psychiatrists would probably claim that their training and orientation have freed them from racism. But here is a book in which two psychiatrists present evidence of the blatant anti-Negro prejudice of earlier psychiatrists and of the more subtle but extensive racism pervading the behavioral sciences today. They show that in the 19th century various physicians juggled statistics or simply asserted that black men had small skulls and brains, lacked nervous endurance, or had blunted sensibility, and were especially prone to insanity in the "unnatural condition" of freedom. In the early 20th century, Stanley Hall, the psychologist who introduced Freud to America, called Africans, Indians, and Chinese "adolescent races." In psychoanalytical and psychiatric journals appeared many papers repeating the stereotypes of lazy, stupid, immature Negroes. Jung is quoted as explaining many American traits as due to "living together with lower races, especially with Negroes." Although a few present-day scientists, notably
B‐cell epitopes of the allergen Chi t 1.01: peptide mapping of epitopes recognized by rabbit, murine, and human antibodies
Authors: V. Van Kampen, V. Liebers, I. Sander, Z. Chen, X. Baur, M. Raulf‐Heimsoth, F. W. Falkenberg
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Chi t 1.01, a hemoglobin of the midge Chironomus thummi thummi , is a widespread environmental and occupational allergen. The aim of the present investigation was to identify and compare peptides involved in B‐cell epitopes of Chi t 1.01 recognized by 15 human IgE sera, six murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Methods: Synthetic peptides 19–21 amino acids long covering the whole Chi t 1.01‐sequence were covalently coupled to activated paper disks as well as adsorbed to wells of immunoplates and used for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. For fine epitope mapping, we used overlapping synthetic octapeptides with one amino‐acid offset. Results: Peptides containing the amino acids 13–17, 23–29, and 40–50 were recognized by three of the mAbs, while three other mAbs reacting with none of the peptides obviously recognized conformational epitopes. Binding sites for rabbit antibodies and for human IgE antibodies were scattered over the whole molecule. The peptide 80–100 seemed to comprise at least one important IgE epitope. Depending on the method of antigen binding to the solid phase, differing results were obtained. Conclusions: Several linear epitopes in Chi t 1.01 are recognized by human IgE antibodies, by mAbs, and by polyclonal rabbit antibodies. In addition, the results indicate the presence of conformational epitopes.
Human "T" leukemia virus still suspected in AIDS. Interview by John Maurice
Authors: R. C. Gallo
Journal: JAMA (1983)

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Detection of Transposition of the Great Arteries in Fetuses Reduces Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality
Authors: Damien Bonnet, Anna Coltri, Gianfranco Butera, Laurent Fermont, Jérôme Le Bidois, Jean Kachaner, Daniel Sidi
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a life-threatening malformation in neonates, but it is amenable to complete repair. Prenatal detection, diagnosis, and early management may modify neonatal mortality and mortality.Preoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality were compared in 68 neonates with prenatal diagnosis and in 250 neonates with a postnatal diagnosis of TGA over a period of 10 years. The delay between birth and admission was 2+/-2.8 hours in the prenatal group and 73+/-210 hours in the neonatal group (P<0.01). Clinical condition at arrival, including metabolic acidosis and multiorgan failure, was worse in the neonatal group (P<0.01). Once in the pediatric cardiology unit, the management was identical in the 2 groups (atrioseptostomy, PGE1 infusion, operation date). Preoperative mortality was 15 of 250 (6%; 95% CI, 3% to 9%) in the neonatal group and 0 of 68 in the prenatal group (P<0.05). Postoperative morbidity was not different (25 of 235 versus 6 of 68), but hospital stay was longer in the neonatal group (30+/-17 versus 24+/-11 days, P<0.01). In addition, postoperative mortality was significantly higher in the neonatal group (20 of 235 versus 0 of 68, P<0.01); however, the known risk factors for operative mortality were identical in the 2 groups.Prenatal diagnosis reduces mortality and morbidity in TGA. Prenatal detection of this cardiac defect must be increased to improve early neonatal management. In utero transfer of fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of TGA in an appropriate unit is mandatory.
The Evaluation of Psychiatric Residents by Objective Multiple-Choice Examinations
Authors: HAROLD I. KAPLAN, ALFRED M. FREEDMAN, HELEN S. KAPLAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

A study at New York Medical College revealed a fairly high correlation between performance on an objective written examination in psychiatry and clinical competence of psychiatric residents as evaluated by the faculty. The study thus indicated that the National Board of Medical Examiners examination is a reasonably good test for evaluating residents, although a better one could probably be constructed. The authors note, however, that other factors which cannot be evaluated by an objective test also make a substantial contribution to psychiatric competence.
Genome-Wide Association Study: A Useful Tool to Identify Common Genetic Variants Associated with Drug Toxicity and Efficacy in Cancer Pharmacogenomics
Authors: Siew-Kee Low, Atsushi Takahashi, Taisei Mushiroda, Michiaki Kubo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In recent years, the utilization of genome-wide association study (GWAS) has proved to be a beneficial method to identify novel common genetic variations not only for disease susceptibility but also for drug efficacy and drug-induced toxicity, creating a field of pharmacogenomics studies. In addition, the findings from GWAS also generate new biologic hypotheses that could improve the understanding of pathophysiology for disease or the mechanism of drug-induced toxicity. This review highlights the implications of GWAS that have been published to date and discusses the successes as well as challenges of using GWAS in cancer pharmacogenomics. The aim of pharmacogenomics is to realize the vision of personalized medicine; it is hoped that through GWAS, novel common genetic variations could be identified to predict clinical outcome and/or toxicity in cancer therapies that subsequently could be implemented to improve the quality of lives of patients with cancer. Nevertheless, given the complexity of cancer therapies, underpowered studies, and large heterogeneity of study designs, collaborative efforts are needed to validate these findings and overcome the limitations of GWA studies before clinical implementation. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Progress in Pharmacodynamic Endpoints.” Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2541–52. ©2014 AACR.