tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RUPTURE OF MESENTERIC GLANDS DURING TYPHOID FEVERSIMULATING INTESTINAL PERFORATION; REPORT OF A CASE WITH OPERATION AND RECOVERY.
Authors: ROBERT G. LE CONTE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The profession has long recognized that among the various lesions which may produce a peritonitis in the course of typhoid fever, rupture of the mesenteric glands is one, and yet in the many text-books which have been consulted there is not a reference given to a specific reported case. Nothnagel's "System" and Osier's "Practice," for example, fail to give a single instance of a mesenteric gland producing peritonitis; but each mentions it as a possible cause of such a complication in enteric fever. Keen<sup>1</sup>records references under this heading, but all of them prove to be cases of obscure peritonitis of unknown origin, where the reporter has only suggested the possibility of a ruptured mesenteric gland being the cause. It would, therefore, seem that such an occurrence is very uncommon, and a search through the recent literature on the subject tends to confirm this view, for I can find but
Aggressive subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: complete remission with fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone
Authors: W.Y. Au, W.M. Ng, C. Choy, Y.L. Kwong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SCPTCL) is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The optimal treatment of this disease is undefined. A 36-year-old woman presented with swinging pyrexia, weight loss and disseminated SCPTCL involving her limbs and trunk. Typical histological features of panniculitic infiltration with rimming of fat cells and sparing of the dermis and epidermis were seen. Immunophenotyping confirmed a CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell phenotype. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone (FND), and has remained in remission 15 months after cessation of treatment. FND may be an effective regimen for aggressive SCPTCL.
Phospholipid binding specificities and idiotype expression of hybridoma derived monoclonal autoantibodies from splenic cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C T Ravirajan, I Harmer, T McNally, A Hohmann, C G Mackworth-Young, D A Isenberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

To analyse the phospholipid binding specificity, functional characteristics and idiotype expression of human hybridoma derived monoclonal autoantibodies (MAb) derived from the spleens of two patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The IgM MAbs binding to phospholipids were generated from spleen cells of two patients (RSP and RT) with active SLE and their specificity of binding to neutral phospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, platelet activating factor, sphingomyelin) and negatively charged phospholipids (phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl inositol and cardiolipin (CL)) analysed. Binding specificity of cross reactive antibodies (those binding to CL and DNA) was confirmed by fluid phase inhibition assays. Lupus anticoagulant activity and beta 2-glycoprotein-1 (beta 2 GP-1) requirement for the antigen binding of these MAbs were detected using the modified dilute Russell's viper venom test and modified anti-CL enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Expression of idiotypes (Id) Id RT-84 and Id H3 was analysed using rabbit polyclonal and murine monoclonal anti-idiotype reagents, respectively.Twelve clones from the patient RSP and eight clones from patient RT were reactive with phospholipids. Marked differences in phospholipid binding of these MAbs were noted, varying from truly polyreactive (RT-72 bound to most phospholipids tested) to monospecific (RT-84 bound only to CL). Furthermore, MAbs RT-84, RT-129, and RSP-57 had lupus anticoagulant activity and required beta 2 GP-1 for CL binding. It was found that 75% of phospholipid binding antibodies from RT clones expressed RT-84 Id, but none from RSP clones did so, and that Id H3 was expressed only by the RT-83 antibody.These results show that human anti-phospholipid MAbs are heterogeneous with respect to phospholipid binding, functional characteristics, and Id expression.
Direct Sale of Sildenafil (Viagra) to Consumers over the Internet
Authors: K Armstrong, J S Schwartz, D A Asch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In May 1999, Dr. Leandro Pasos, an orthopedic surgeon, was accused of unprofessional conduct by the Washington State Health Department for prescribing sildenafil (Viagra) over the Internet to patients he had neither seen nor examined.1,2 This case was one of the first to highlight changes in medical practice resulting from the expanding use of the Internet.35 Although the Internet may improve patients' access to medical information and other medical services, some Internet-based services, such as those involving the direct sale of medications, bypass protections normally associated with conventional medical practices.The availability of prescription medicines over the Internet . . .
Unusually Intense Delayed Colon Uptake of Tc-99m Exametazime Leukocytes in Ulcerative Colitis Operated Patient
Authors: A BESTETTI, C MAIOLI, F GRASSO, M MAGGIONI, M CASTELLANI, L C GIOVANELLA, G L TAROLO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors report an unusual pattern of intense delayed colon uptake of Tc-99m exametazime leukocytes in ulcerative colitis. Two years earlier, the patient underwent a sigmoid resection with a lateroterminal descending rectum anastomosis because of pseudopoliposis and sigmoid colon stenosis. Despite immunosuppressive and steroid therapy, the patient experienced abdominal pain and mucinous diarrhea. A leukocytes scan showed intense colon uptake in the 2, 4, and 18 hour frames. Colonoscopy and histology confirmed the diagnosis of pancolitis. The delayed colon image can either be explained by later leukocyte migration from an exchangeable reservoir or specific tracer uptake due to elution, probably enhanced by descending colon spasm.
THE TREATMENT OF LEUCORRHEA WITH THE ACTUAL CAUTERY.
Authors: GUY L. HUNNER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

There are probably few members of this society who are specialists to the extent that they do not treat diseases peculiar to women. If I were to ask what symptom is complained of most frequently in your experience with such diseases, I believe the majority of you would agree in one answer. Certain it is that during several years' experience in a large clinic the question most frequently asked me by visiting physicians was, "What do you do for leucorrhea?" Rather the question was usually presented in this form, "How do you treat endometritis?" the general belief among physicians being that leucorrhea is an expression of chronic inflammation of the endometrium. Our laboratory experience demonstrates, however, that chronic inflammation of the endometrium is comparatively rare, while cervical inflammation is one of the most common of lesions. The physician's first duty in treating a patient complaining of leucorrhea is to locate,
Doctors have a community responsibility
Authors: J. Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Considering that a large proportion of industrially used pigments are toxic and potentially mutagenic, with some having carcinogenic effects, it is essential to replace them as well as eliminate them from industrial effluents. The discovery of biopigments has received considerable attention from the industry sector. The main objective of this study was to increase the production of carotenoid pigments in naturally pigmented yeast by subjecting the yeast to various cellular stresses. The fungal strain <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa/alborubescens</i> AJB01 was isolated from a food sample collected in Barranquilla, Colombia, and one of the pigments produced was β-carotene. This strain was subjected to various stress conditions, including osmotic stress using different salts, physical stress by ultraviolet (UV) light, and light stress using different photoperiods. The optimal growth conditions for carotenoid production were determined to be 1 min of UV light, 0.5 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, and 18:6 h light/dark period, which resulted in a carotenoid yield of 118.3 μg of carotenoid per gram of yeast.
EXSTROPHY OF THE BLADDER.
Authors: DUDLEY P. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In presenting to this Association a case of exstrophy of the bladder, it is not my purpose to enter on a prolonged discussion nor into a lengthy historic sketch of the various operations which have been proposed for its relief. I wish simply to present a case on which I have operated, that it may be added to others operated on in the same way, and thus bear evidence of the success of this method of treatment. It may be in place, however, in presenting the case, to speak very briefly of the various operations which have been introduced for the relief of the malady, together with some of the objections to them. All methods which have been introduced for the formation of a covering for the exposed mucous membrane of the bladder have two objections. The first is that, although by covering the exposed mucous membrane they preserve it
THE DISINFECTION OF NEW CLOTHES
Authors: C. A. Cameron
Journal: BMJ (1902)

Service at that time, directed my attention to the great prevalence of enteric fever there, and requested me to spare no pains in my efforts to cope with it.After being in Bermuda a year or so, I arrived at the conelusion that the dry-earth latrines were responsible for nearly all the cases which occurred in barracks-by inhalation or deglutition, when using the latrines, of the germs-so, acting on this conviction, I strenuously advocated their total aboli- .tionfrom all the barracks in the islands, and the introduction of the water-carriage system.My recommendations were approved of by the General
Abstract 4390: The p16INK4A tumor suppressor regulates cellular oxidative stress
Authors: Noah Jenkins, Tong Liu, Agnessa Goodson, George Samadashwily, Douglas Grossman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Melanoma, a malignant tumor of melanocytes, is a potentially lethal form of skin cancer linked to both environmental and genetic factors. Mutations or deletions in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4A are associated with multiple cancer types, but more commonly found in melanoma tumors and specifically associated with familial melanoma predisposition. Although p16 is thought to function as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the cell cycle, it remains unclear why genetic compromise of p16 predisposes to melanoma rather than other cancers. Here we describe a novel role for p16 in regulating oxidative stress in several cell types, including melanocytes. Compared to keratinocytes and fibroblasts, we also found increased ROS levels basally and following treatment with H2O2. Expression of p16 was rapidly upregulated following UV-irradiation in melanocytes, and in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in a p38 stress-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. Knockdown of p16 using siRNA increased intracellular ROS and oxidative (8-oxoguanine) DNA damage which was further enhanced by H2O2 treatment. Elevated ROS were also observed in p16-depleted human keratinocytes, and in whole skin and dermal fibroblasts from p16-deficient mice. ROS in p16-deficient fibroblasts were normalized by expression of exogenous p16. Finally, p16-mediated suppression of ROS could not be attributed to upregulation of antioxidant enzymes or the role of p16 in cell cycle regulation. These findings suggest a potential alternate tumor-suppressor function of p16 as an endogenous regulator of carcinogenic intracellular oxidative stress. The increased susceptibility of melanocytes to oxidative stress may explain why compromise of p16 predisposes to melanoma over other cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4390.
Streptomycin Therapy in 52 Cases of Bacterial Infection
Authors: Lewis W. Kane, George E. Foley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

STREPTOMYCIN, an antibiotic agent obtained from certain strains of Actinomyces griseus, was first described by Schatz, Bugie and Waksman1 in 1944. Immediate interest was attracted to this agent because of its effectiveness in vitro against bacteria that had previously been resistant to the action of known antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents. Animal studies have demonstrated that the toxicity of streptomycin is of a relatively low order,2 and the results in the treatment of experimental infections have proved its effectiveness in vivo.2 3 4 5 Clinical trials in the past two years have confirmed its low toxicity and demonstrated its value in the treatment . . .
The Biology of Bird-Song Dialects
Authors: Myron Charles Baker, Michael A. Cunningham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1985)

Abstract No single theory so far proposed gives a wholly satisfactory account of the origin and maintenance of bird-song dialects. This failure is the consequence of a weak comparative literature that precludes careful comparisons among species or studies, and of the complexity of the issues involved. Complexity arises because dialects seem to bear upon a wide range of features in the life history of bird species. We give an account of the principal issues in bird-song dialects: evolution of vocal learning, experimental findings on song ontogeny, dialect descriptions, female and male reactions to differences in dialect, and population genetics and dispersal. We present a synthetic theory of the origin and maintenance of song dialects, one that accommodates most of the different systems reported in the literature. The few data available suggest that large, regional dialect populations are genetically differentiated; this pattern is correlated with reduced dispersal between dialects, assortative mating by females, and male-male exclusion. At the same time, “subdialects” may be formed within regional dialects. Subdialect clusters are usually small and may represent vocal mimicry among a few adjacent territorial males. The relative importance of genetic and social adaptation may contribute to the emergence of subdialects; their distinctiveness may be correlated with the degree of polygyny, for example. Thus, subdialect formation is linked to one theory of the evolution of repertoire size, but data are too fragmentary to examine this idea critically.
Regional wave travel and reflections along the human aorta: a study with six simultaneous micromanometric pressures.
Authors: R D Latham, N Westerhof, P Sipkema, B J Rubal, P Reuderink, J P Murgo
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The human aorta and its terminal branches were investigated in normal subjects during elective cardiac catheterization to evaluate regional wave travel and arterial wave reflections. A specially designed catheter with six micromanometers equally spaced at 10 cm intervals was positioned with the tip sensor in the distal external iliac artery and the proximal sensor in the aortic arch. Simultaneous pressures were obtained and analyzed for foot-to-foot wave velocity, and Fourier analysis was used to derive apparent phase velocity. These quantities were assessed during control (n = 9), during Valsalva (n = 8) and Müller (n = 4) maneuvers, and during femoral artery occlusion by bilateral manual compression (n = 8). During control, regional cross-sectional areas, determined from aortography, and regional foot-to-foot pulse wave velocities were used to calculate the local reflection coefficient in the proximal descending aorta (gamma = 0.05), at the junction of the renal arteries (gamma = 0.43), and at the terminal aortic bifurcation (gamma = 0.13). To test the hypothesis that significant reflections originate in the aorta, at the level of the renal arteries, aortograms were used to design a latex tube model with geometric properties similar to the descending aorta. Velocities and reflection characteristics in the model and in vivo were compared. Inspection of thoracic aortic pressures under control conditions revealed a reflected wave originating from the region of the aorta at the level of the renal arterial branches while abdominal pressures exhibited reflection from a site peripheral to the terminal aortic bifurcation. In the low frequency range, apparent phase velocity was found to be higher proximal to the renal arteries as compared with at the distal sites. In addition, the minimum value occurred at a higher frequency in the lower thoracic aorta than at more distal sites. The effects of reflection on apparent wave velocity in the tube model were consistent with data obtained in vivo. The Valsalva maneuver diminished the reflection from the aortic region of the renal arteries, thus allowing the distal reflected wave to become more evident on the thoracic pressure waveforms. Bilateral femoral artery occlusion usually enhanced the distal reflection and the Müller maneuver usually resulted in small increases in reflections. In conclusion, the geometric and elastic nonuniformity of the aorta results in two major sites of arterial wave reflection that influence the aortic pressure waveforms in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ability of Exercise Testing to Predict Cardiovascular and All-Cause Death in Asymptomatic Women
Authors: Samia Mora, Rita F. Redberg, Yadong Cui, Maura K. Whiteman, Jodi A. Flaws, A. Richey Sharrett, Roger S. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (2003)

The value of exercise testing in women has been questioned.To determine the prognostic value of exercise testing in a population-based cohort of asymptomatic women followed up for 20 years.Near-maximal Bruce-protocol treadmill test data from the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study (1972-1976) with follow-up through 1995.A total of 2994 asymptomatic North American women, aged 30 to 80 years, without known cardiovascular disease.Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.There were 427 (14%) deaths during 20 years of follow-up, of which 147 were due to cardiovascular causes. Low exercise capacity, low heart rate recovery (HRR), and not achieving target heart rate were independently associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There was no increased cardiovascular death risk for exercise-induced ST-segment depression (age-adjusted hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57-1.80; P =.96). The age-adjusted hazard ratio for cardiovascular death for every metabolic equivalent (MET) decrement in exercise capacity was 1.20 (95% CI, 1.18-1.30; P<.001); for every 10 beats per minute decrement in HRR, the hazard ratio was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.19-1.55; P<.001). After adjusting for multiple other risk factors, women who were below the median for both exercise capacity and HRR had a 3.5-fold increased risk of cardiovascular death (95% CI, 1.57-7.86; P =.002) compared with those above the median for both variables. Among women with low risk Framingham scores, those with below median levels of both exercise capacity and HRR had significantly increased risk compared with women who had above median levels of these 2 exercise variables, 44.5 and 3.5 cardiovascular deaths per 10 000 person-years, respectively (hazard ratio for cardiovascular death, 12.93; 95% CI, 5.62-29.73; P<.001).The prognostic value of exercise testing in asymptomatic women derives not from electrocardiographic ischemia but from fitness-related variables.
Cases of Hysterectomy, with Remarks on the Value of the Carbolic Acid Spray in This Operation
Authors: J. K. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1885)

ago.With regard to the constitutional treatment of ringworm, I have already said that I think the state of health has little to do with the persistence of the disease.Nevertheless, a change of air, removing the patient from the influences surrounding him at home, often appears to be of great benefit.I should always recommend that, in a very tedious case, the room in which the child sleeps, and the bedding, should be disinfected as carefully as in the case of any other infectious disease.These precautions have in some cases appeared to arrest the disease, which was being treated in vain by local remedies.With regard to ringworm of the skin (tinea circinata), its cure is conducted on the same principles as that of tinea tonsurans, but is much easier.The patches should be well painted with tincture of iodine, which is sometimes sufficient.If it should not be, wash thoroughly with soft-soap, and apply one of the parasiticide ointments above men- tioned.Most cases will be cured in a fortnight.Ringworm of the beard (parasitic sycosis) hasbecome rather more com- mon in London of late years than it used to be.It is treated in the same way as other forms of ringworm; but the amount of inflammation is sometimes so great, that cooling remedies, especially lead-lotion, have to be used at first.Poultices are better avoided.In the next place, painting with iodine (if the patient do not object) is very useful, both to counteract the deep-lying inflammation and to kill the fungus.In order to effect a cure, carefully eradicate the diseased hairs, and rub in one of the parasiticide ointments.The cure is some- times tedious, but less so than in a really bad case of ringworm of the scalp.3 3 A purer form of oleate of mercury has recently been introduced, which produces no inflammation or seborrhcea.In spite of this advantage, it has seemed, .nhospital practice, less efficacious than the impure five per cent.oleate.
TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS WITH LEUCOSIS OF FOWLS
Authors: E. L. Stubbs, J. Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

It is shown, in a carefully controlled experiment, that fowl leucemia can be readily transmitted from chicken to chicken by injection. Of 25 fowls, 13 were injected intravenously with blood from a chicken (No. 575) with erythroleucosis and 12 with blood from a chicken (No. 689) with myeloid leucosis. The injected birds and an equal number of uninjected controls were kept in tiers of alternating cages under as nearly identical conditions as possible. The donors, the controls, and the injected birds were all of the same stock and of the same age. In the two series 13 or 52 per cent of the 25 fowls inoculated developed leucemia within 4 to 10 weeks after injection. The two types of leucemia, erythroleucosis and myeloid leucosis, developed in both groups irrespective of the type used for injection. Among the uninjected controls no cases of erythroleucosis or of myeloid leucosis were observed. Lymphoid leucosis occurred in one injected fowl but since it also occurred in one control it may be assumed that it was probably not caused by the injected material.
Renal Agenesis and Severe Urinary Tract Dysplasia
Authors: A. D. Bain, J. S. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1960)

When both the serum P.B.'3 'I and the thyroid uptake of 13 I are raised, as in two of our cases, distinction from thyrotoxicosis may be achieved by the thyroxine suppression test.The raised serum P.B.'311 may be due in part to the presence of an abnormal iodinated protein in the blood and in part to the unusually rapid production and discharge of hormone from a gland with a low iodine pool.The observation of the effect of potassium perchlorate, which discharges an appreciable amount of the thyroid 1311 content in cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is a useful additional diagnostic aid.Part of this work was carried out during the tenure of an appointment by one of us (1.P. C. M.
Evalution of Flunisolide Nasal Solution in the Symptomatic Treatment of Perennial Rhinitis
Authors: Asgaut Warland
Journal: Allergy (1982)

The effectiveness of a topical steroid, flunisolide, was evaluated in patients with perennial rhinitis. Thirty‐four patients went through a double‐blind cross‐over study. comparing flunisolide 200 μg per day with placebo. The symptoms were assessed over two treatment periods each of 4 weeks, with a 2 weeks washout period in between. There was a statistically significant difference on favour of flunisolide. About half of the patients complained of mild initial irritation from both active drug and placebo.