tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isotype commitment in the in vivo immune responses. I. Antigen-dependent specific and polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses by B lymphocytes induced to extensive proliferation.
Authors: M Björklund, A Coutinho
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

The random recombination and deletion hypothesis for the control of isotype commitment in antibody responses was directly tested in a serial transfer system in vivo. Normal or hyperimmune spleen cells were used in weekly serial transfers with antigen into irradiated recipients until clonal senescence was observed. Antigen-specific and -nonspecific plaque-forming cells of all isotypes were determined at each transfer time. No major changes in the isotypes of specific antibodies were observed for the whole life-span of the transferred cells (9-10 wk), and no indication was obtained for the accumulation of cells transcribing the most 3' members of the C-gene cluster with sustained proliferation. Rather, the dominant isotypes were found throughout the response to be IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a. The results imply isotype-specific regulatory mechanisms in the control of Ig class production. These appear to operate as well in the antigen-nonspecific component of the immune response.
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY AND CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM
Authors: ROBERT A. MOORE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

A review of legal opinions reveals conflicting attitudes toward the intoxicated civil or criminal offender. Traditionally the courts have dealt harshly with him, assuming that the intoxicated person chooses his condition and must suffer the consequences. This harshness is undergoing moderation, especially in criminal cases where intent is a necessary part. Since crime and other forms of antisocial behavior are so often associated with intoxication, many would view any significant increase in permissiveness toward the intoxicated offender as dangerous to society. Others feel the rights of the offender must be considered also and do not feel these are being given adequate attention at this time. If intoxication is a result of the illness of alcoholism in a particular case, the medical rights of the person must be considered and he should have his medical condition brought before the court as a possible mitigating factor. The court should then act to bring the alcoholic offender to enforced treatment rather than punishing him. Failure to profit from treatment would then result in some degree of quarantine for the protection of society.
Sex-specific effects of isolation stress and consumption of palatable diet during the prepubertal period on metabolic parameters
Authors: Rachel Krolow, Cristie Noschang, Danusa M. Arcego, Ana P. Huffell, Marina L. Marcolin, André N. Benitz, Carine Lampert, Raquel D. Fitarelli, Carla Dalmaz
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
RELATION OF ANESTHETIC TO PULMONARY ABSCESS FOLLOWING NOSE AND THROAT SURGERY
Authors: C. N. CHIPMAN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

During the last few years, there has been so much discussion about pulmonary abscess following nose and throat surgery, especially tonsillectomy, that many surgeons believe lung abscess to be the most important and dangerous complication that may occur. It is my firm conviction that the rate of lung abscess per thousand nose and throat operations is no greater than it was twenty years ago. In considering any complications following nose and throat surgery today, we must not loose sight of the fact that tonsillectomy, in proportion to the total number of operations for all conditions, is far more frequent than ever before. In some hospitals doing general surgery, about 30 per cent, of the total number of operations each year are for nose and throat conditions. An examination of thousands of cases in which anesthetics are given in nose and throat surgery, especially tonsillectomy, reveals that nose and throat operations
Growth hormone secretion in human acromegalic pituitary adenomas: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase C responses
Authors: Tatsuo Ishizuka, Hiroyuki Morita, Tomoatsu Mune, Hisashi Daidoh, Junko Hanafusa, Mayumi Yamamoto, Toshiroh Shibata, Keigo Yasuda
Journal: Metabolism (1996)
Immune responses to gut microbiota-commensals and pathogens
Authors: Takeshi Tanoue, Yoshinori Umesaki, Kenya Honda
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

The mammalian alimentary tract harbors hundreds of species of commensal microorganisms that intimately interact with the host immune system. Within the gut, the immune system actively reacts with potentially pathogenic microbes, while simultaneously remaining ignorant towards the vast majority of non-pathogenic microbiota. The disruption of this delicate balance results in inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we describe the recent advances in our understanding of how host-microbiota interactions shape the immune system and how they affect the responses against pathogenic bacteria.
Compounding Vulnerability: Pregnancy and Schizophrenia
Authors: Denise M. Dudzinski
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

The predominant ethical framework for addressing reproductive decisions in the maternal-fetal relationship is respect for the woman's autonomy. However, when a pregnant schizophrenic woman lacks such autonomy, healthcare providers try to both protect her and respect her preferences. By delineating etic (objective) and emic (subjective) perspectives on vulnerability, I argue that options which balance both perspectives are preferable and that acting on etic perspectives to the exclusion of emic considerations is rarely justified. In negotiating perspectives, we balance the etic commitment to protect the vulnerable patient and her fetus from harm with the emic concern to empower a decisionally incapacitated woman. Equilibrium is best achieved by nurturing interdependent relationships that empower and protect the vulnerable woman. The analysis points to the need for better social support for mentally ill patients.
Chiropractic: Recognized but Unproved
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Ever since 1895, when D. D. Palmer, erstwhile "magnetic healer" and founder of the chiropractic movement, claimed to have restored a deaf janitor's hearing by manipulation of his spine, organized medicine has considered chiropractic a form of quackery and has campaigned against its acceptance. But the chiropractors have survived this opposition and now appear to have won their political struggle for recognition. Despite the fact that there is no rational basis for their theories and no objective evidence to support their sweeping claims,1 they have managed to become licensed in every state. Furthermore, their services are now reimbursable through Medicare, . . .
Neonatal circumcision does not protect against penile cancer
Authors: P. M Fleiss, F. Hodges
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Although Morten Frisch and colleagues have made a valuable contribution to the study of penile cancer, they mistakenly repeat the myth that neonatal circumcision renders the subject immune to penile cancer.1 The reference given for this statement is not an epidemiological study but an opinion article by the American circumcisionist Abraham L Wolbarst in 1932.2 Wolbarst invented this myth and was directly responsible for its proliferation; he based it on unverifiable anecdotes, ethnocentric stereotypes, a faulty …
Lobotomy: Resort to the Knife
Authors: Ralph L. Stevens
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<i>Lobotomy: Resort to the Knife</i>by David Shutts is an excellent narrative of the rise and fall of "psychosurgery" as a treatment for psychiatric illness. The book closely follows the career of Dr Walter Freeman, the leading disciple of lobotomy, who personally performed more than 3,500 operations during a 25-year career. Inspired by the work of the Portuguese neurologist Egal Moniz, Freeman began neurosurgical ablation of the frontal lobes of psychiatric patients in the 1930s. At first Freeman used a cautious approach through the frontoparietal suture using a leukotome, a bluntheaded instrument from which a sharp wire could be extruded then rotated through the frontal lobe fibers, destroying them. Later, Freeman adapted a transorbital approach using an instrument modeled on an ice pick, tapping it through the orbital bone medial to the eyeball and then severing the radiations from the frontal lobe. Understandably, complications such as postoperative paralysis, seizures, and
Sleep apnoea induces cardiac electrical instability assessed by T‐wave alternans in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: Nobuhiro Takasugi, Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Tomoki Kubota, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Kenji Natsuyama, Mieko Takasugi, Takahide Nawa, Shinsuke Ojio, Takuma Aoyama, Masanori Kawasaki, Genzou Takemura, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Abstract A28: Multiplexed immunofluorescence in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded prostate cancer
Authors: Christopher Sevinsky, Sean Dinn, Zhengyu Pang, Qing Li, Brion Sarachon, Megan Rothney, Bruce Colligan, Larry Douglass, Julia Carter, Jeremy Graff, Fiona Ginty
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Traditional immunohistochemistry serves as a vital diagnostic assay as it allows for semiquantitatively probing the magnitude and spatial distribution of protein expression and posttranslational modifications. Unfortunately, an accurate portrayal of disease often requires several immunohistochemical stains, which are run on separate tissue sections. The application of transcriptomics analyses in cancer classification has led to the generation of multivariate index analyses that confer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive signatures of disease. However this method is limited by the inability consider target expression in the context of tissue (stroma, epithelium) or cell (e.g. stem/progenitor cells) type. A unifying platform that would allow for the quantitative spatial analysis of multiplexed in situ target measurements promises to exploit the best features of both systems. To this end, we have developed a novel multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry assay that is capable of quantitative analysis of &amp;gt;25 antigens in a single formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section, as well as image and data analysis capabilities for analyzing the multidimensional data. By inclusion of targets for cell and tissue compartments, including nuclei, cytoplasm and membrane, we have demonstrated the ability to investigate subcellular protein expression, phosphorylation and co-localization in individual cells. In the present study we have stained a cohort of 79 prostate cancer patients of varying Gleason grades for a total of 24 antigens, representing key mediators of cell signaling, tumor suppressors and oncogenes, tumor associated phenotypic targets, and structural proteins. The images are precisely registered and segmented into individual cells nuclear, cytoplasmic and membrane regions and the underlying expression of a given antigen is then quantitatively determined in each compartment by automated algorithms. With the advent of this new tool, we aim to define new prognostic molecular signatures in prostate cancer. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A28.
Lost: Illegal Abortion Stories
Authors: Melissa Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2006)

detectives found Mollie Jamieson at the shop where she worked in Melbourne, Australia, and told her bluntly that her 21 year old daughter, Carolyn, was dead.Mollie and her husband were then interrogated for hours over what they knew of their daughter's illegal abortion.But it was the first they knew of it.Such was the shame surrounding abortion that Carolyn had been unable to tell her parents of the real reason she was going away on "holiday."Carolyn was the last woman known to have died from illegal abortion in Victoria before a 1969 judicial ruling that abortion was lawful if necessary to protect a woman from serious danger to life or health.Her death also had another important effect-it horrified a former military doctor, Bertram Wainer, so much that he gave up his general practice in Melbourne to push for abortion law reform.Wainer's partner in this high profile and dangerous campaign was Jo Richardson, a university student activist whom he met through the Abortion Law Reform Association, and who later became his wife.Together they set up Australia's first openly operating abortion clinic in 1972.In 1985 Mollie Jamieson was one of hundreds of women who responded to an advertisement placed by Dr Wainer in a Melbourne newspaper asking for people's stories of abortion."The next generation must know what it was like for women," the advertisement said.Two years later, Dr Wainer died.For almost 20 years, Jo Wainer carried with her the yellowing transcripts of the interviews that had emerged from people who responded to the advertisement.Finally, she felt the time was right to publish them in Lost: Illegal Abortion Stories, a slim book that packs a powerful emotional punch.
UK Need for Nutrition Education Programme
Authors: S. Ray, C. Laur, M. Rajput-Ray, P. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Leach and colleagues’ article reiterates the issues that the Need for Nutrition Education Programme (NNEdPro; www.nnedpro.org.uk; comprising doctors, dietitians, and other healthcare professionals) has been working on for more than five years.1 We strongly agree that a greater emphasis on nutrition and hydration education is needed among healthcare professionals, particularly tomorrow’s doctors. As a multiprofessional group, we …
Release of atrial natriuretic factor after pericardiocentesis for malignant pericardial effusion.
Authors: D. B. Northridge, J. McMurray, S. Ray, A. Jardine, H. J. Dargie
Journal: BMJ (1989)

during the first hour of treatment in all patients. CommentThis is the first report of plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentrations in a series of patients with cardiac tamponade of malignant aetiology.We found that peptide levels rise after pericardiocentesis.
Spectrum of β‐thalassemia mutations in Calabria: Implications for prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Saverio Magro, Emanuele Santilli, Rita Mancuso, Pasquale Puzzonia, Caterina Consarino, Sergio Morgione, Maria Concetta Galati, Giuseppina Fersini, Giovanna Madonna, Carmela Brancati, Pasquale Vadalà, Stefano Molica
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Using a combination of oligonucleotide probes and restriction endonuclease enzymes, we characterize β‐thalassemic mutations in 91 homozygous patients and 86 unrelated carriers. Overall, 268 β‐thalassemic genes were obtained. Eleven β‐globin mutations were identified, confirming the wide molecular heterogeneity of β‐thalassemia in Calabria. Information from the present study represents the mainstay for the development of a program of early prenatal diagnosis by direct detection of mutations in Calabria.
Some aspects of the environmental exposure to arsenic in Romania.
Authors: S Gabor, V Coldea
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The main sources of arsenic emission in Romania are ore smelters and refineries. Arsenic determinations were carried out by the silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method on hair and urine samples taken from smelter workers and individuals residing in two polluted areas and three areas not polluted by arsenic. Arsenic in hair was found to be a more reliable biologic test than tests on urine, obviously reflecting the differences in arsenic concentrations in workroom air. Repeated determinations for arsenic content after 3 years revealed a twofold increased rate in the 48 re-examined workers. Hair arsenic analysis in people living in two locations near an ore smelter and a refinery indicated high-levels compared to those of individuals residing in nonpolluted areas. Epidemiological studies are necessary in order to ascertain effects of heavy arsenic exposure in relation with concurrent exposures to respiratory irritants and metals.
Predictors of first discharge and subsequent survival in patients with automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
Authors: J H Levine, E D Mellits, R A Baumgardner, E P Veltri, M Mower, L Grunwald, T Guarnieri, D Aarons, L S Griffith
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Two hundred eighteen patients were evaluated in a two-phase approach (time to first appropriate discharge, survival after discharge) to identify factors that may be related to maximal benefit derived from use of an automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD).One hundred ninety-seven patients survived implantation of AICD, with or without concomitant cardiac surgery. One hundred five patients had an AICD discharge associated with syncope, presyncope, documented sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, or sleep at 9.1 +/- 11.1 months after implantation. Patients survived 23.8 +/- 18.0 months after AICD discharge. Left ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.008 for ejection fraction less than 25%) was associated with earlier AICD discharge and shortened survival after AICD discharge (p = 0.008 for ejection fraction less than 25%; p = 0.01 for New York Heart Association functional class III and IV). beta-Blocker administration (p = 0.006) and coronary bypass surgery (p = 0.06) were associated with later AICD discharge. Coronary bypass surgery (p = 0.035) but not beta-blockers was associated with more prolonged survival after AICD discharge.These data suggest that a relatively easy algorithm can be applied to predict which patient will benefit most from AICD implantation.
The Basic Sciences in a Changing Academic Environment
Authors: John R. Brobeck
Journal: JAMA (1965)

It is the opinion of many of us who are trying to teach basic medical science that medical education faces a serious problem. It is so important that most scientists have stopped talking about it, since we realize that we probably cannot do anything to solve it. Yet I wish to review it and to try to explain why I believe it to be so urgent. How the environment of medical science is changing with the progress of science in general does not need any explanation on my part. One yardstick of this change is the amount of money available to our departments. In many cases about two thirds of our money comes from outside the medical school budget. This extra money is used to hire persons who inhabit basic science laboratories, and who have two principal responsibilities—research and training for research. This creates an environment where a medical student
Selective radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Evidence for involvement of perinodal myocardium within the reentrant circuit.
Authors: G N Kay, A E Epstein, S M Dailey, V J Plumb
Journal: Circulation (1992)

The circuit of atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia may include perinodal atrial myocardium. Furthermore, in patients with dual AV nodal pathways, the atrial insertion of the slow pathway is likely to be located near the ostium of the coronary sinus, caudal to the expected location of the AV node. The present study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of selective catheter ablation of the slow pathway using radiofrequency energy applied along the tricuspid annulus near the coronary sinus ostium as definitive therapy for AV nodal reentrant tachycardia.Among 34 consecutive patients who were prospectively enrolled in the study, the slow pathway was selectively ablated in 30, and the fast pathway was ablated in four. Antegrade conduction over the fast pathway remained intact in all 30 patients after successful selective slow pathway ablation. There was no statistically significant change in the atrio-His interval (68.5 +/- 21.8 msec before and 69.6 +/- 23.9 msec after ablation) or AV Wenckebach rate (167 +/- 27 beats per minute before and 178 +/- 50 beats per minute after ablation) after selective ablation of the slow pathway. However, the antegrade effective refractory period of the fast pathway decreased from 348 +/- 94 msec before ablation to 309 +/- 79 msec after selective slow pathway ablation (p = 0.005). Retrograde conduction remained intact in 26 of 30 patients after selective ablation of the slow pathway. The retrograde refractory period of the ventriculo-atrial conduction system was 285 +/- 55 msec before and 280 +/- 52 msec after slow pathway ablation in patients with intact retrograde conduction (p = NS). There were three complications in two patients, including an episode of pulmonary edema and the development of spontaneous AV Wenckebach block during sleep in one patient after slow pathway ablation and the late development of complete AV block in another patient after fast pathway ablation. Over a mean follow-up period of 322 +/- 73 days, AV nodal reentrant tachycardia recurred in three patients, all of whom were successfully treated in a second ablation session.Radiofrequency ablation of the slow AV pathway is highly effective and is associated with a low rate of complications.
663. Protection Against Aminoglycoside-Induced Ototoxicity by AAV Vector-Mediated GDNF Gene Transfer into the Cochlea
Authors: Yuhe Liu, Takashi Okada, Kuniko Shimazaki, Tatsuya Nomoto, Kianoush Sheykholeslami, Shin-Ichi Muramatsu, Hiroaki Mizukami, Akihiro Kume, Shuifang Xiao, Keiichi Ichimura, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
[132] NUMBER OF HUMAN CELL CLUSTERS AFTER 24 HOURS PREDICTS OUTCOME OF HUMAN LIVER CELL TRANSPLANTATION EFFICACY IN THE uPA MOUSE SYSTEM
Authors: M. Konig, T. Volz, M. Lutgehetmann, J.M. Pollok, L. Fischer, M. Dandri, J. Petersen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibition by the KLF6 Tumor Suppressor Protein through Interaction with Cyclin D1
Authors: Sharon Benzeno, Goutham Narla, Jorge Allina, George Z. Cheng, Helen L. Reeves, Michaela S. Banck, Joseph A. Odin, J. Alan Diehl, Doris Germain, Scott L. Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a tumor suppressor gene inactivated in prostate and colon cancers, as well as in astrocytic gliomas. Here, we establish that KLF6 mediates growth inhibition through an interaction with cyclin D1, leading to reduced phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) at Ser795. Furthermore, introduction of KLF6 disrupts cyclin D1-cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 4 complexes and forces the redistribution of p21Cip/Kip onto cdk2, which promotes G1 cell cycle arrest. Our data suggest that KLF6 converges with the Rb pathway to inhibit cyclin D1/cdk4 activity, resulting in growth suppression.
Viral hepatitis management. Standards for the future. Case studies.
Authors: S Sherlock, S Hadziyannis, M Nishioka, R P Perrillo, E R Schiff, C Trepo
Journal: Gut (1993)

These four case studies were presented by Professor Sheila Sherlock to a panel of four expert hepatologists and a mixed audience of specialists. The response of the audience to a number of questions was monitored using an interactive key pad system. This response is presented in the form of bar graphs and is accompanied by comments from the expert panel.
Review: Dual-antiplatelet therapy does not reduce recurrent stroke but can increase ICH
Authors: Howard S. Kirshner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Lee M, Saver JL, Hong KS, et al. Risk–benefit profile of long-term dual- versus single-antiplatelet therapy among patients with ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:463-470. 24081287