tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depression in Schizophrenia: Perspective in the Era of “Atypical” Antipsychotic Agents
Authors: Samuel G. Siris
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The author sought to provide a contemporary understanding of depression in schizophrenia and promote a treatment orientation. METHOD: Computer and library-based resources were used to review the literature on depression in schizophrenia. RESULTS: Despite multiple definitions of “depression,” a substantial rate of depression has consistently been found in patients with schizophrenia. A differential diagnosis can be used to advance the understanding and treatment of depression in schizophrenia, and changes in response to the advent of atypical antipsychotic agents can be understood in the context of this differential diagnosis paradigm. CONCLUSIONS: Depression is an important co-occurring syndrome in schizophrenia. In at least some schizophrenic patients, the stress-vulnerability model has potential as an integrating concept concerning the relationship between depression and psychosis.
Biological response to a synthetic cornea
Authors: V Trinkaus-Randall, Matthew A Nugent
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)

We have designed a synthetic cornea that has a transparent hydrogel optic and a porous skirt. The device has been implanted in rabbit corneas. We have shown that keratocytes migrate into the device and deposit a complex extracellular matrix. The immediate response is detected in the surrounding stroma, and the secondary response is seen after cells have deposited a matrix in the disc. After implantation, a decrease in keratan sulfate accompanied by an increase in dermatan sulfate was detected in the surrounding tissue compared to the unwounded corneal stroma. The glycosaminoglycans in the disc resemble that of an injured stroma. The appearance of heparan sulfate and growth factors, bFGF and TGFβ, was not detected until 6 weeks after implantation. The growth factors were detected at the interface between the device and the tissue and become more diffuse over time. Methods of controlled release in vivo were used to enhance the rate of fibroplasia and wound repair. While these were successful in the cornea itself, when combined with the synthetic cornea the response was magnified and the initial attempts yielded neovascularization and edema. Currently, efforts are being directed at controlling the release within the porous haptic so that fibroplasia is enhanced while minimizing an inflammatory response.
Diagnosis and Management of Conjunctival and Corneal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Using Ultra High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mohamed Abou Shousha, Carol L. Karp, Victor L. Perez, Rodrigo Hoffmann, Roberta Ventura, Victoria Chang, Sander R. Dubovy, Jianhua Wang
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
382 PROLONGED INTRAHEPATIC HEPATITIS DELTA ANTIGEN PERSISTENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION (LTX) DESPITE RAPID EARLY SERUM HDVRNA DECLINE AFTER LTX
Authors: I. Mederacke, N. Filmann, C. Yurdaydin, B. Bremer, F. Puls, B. Heidrich, H.L. Tillmann, K. Wursthorn, J. Rosenau, C.T. Bock, B. Savas, F. Helfritz, F. Lehner, C.P. Strassburg, J. Klempnauer, M.P. Manns, E. Herrmann, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A Randomized Study of the Beneficial Effects of Aldosterone Antagonism on LV Function, Structure, and Fibrosis Markers in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Wojciech Kosmala, Monika Przewlocka-Kosmala, Hanna Szczepanik-Osadnik, Andrzej Mysiak, Trisha O'Moore-Sullivan, Thomas H. Marwick
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Butyl Nitrite and Methemoglobinemia
Authors: ROBERT W. STEINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters1 April 1980Butyl Nitrite and MethemoglobinemiaROBERT W. STEINER, M.D., ANTHONY S. MANOGUERRA, PHARM. D.ROBERT W. STEINER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ANTHONY S. MANOGUERRA, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-4-570_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A recent extensive study of the toxic potential of amyl, butyl, and isobutyl nitrite concluded that these are "among the safest medications listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia", a conclusion based on the relatively low levels of methemoglobin (5% to 8%) arising from inhalation of these esters (1). We wish to qualify this impression by reporting a case of near-fatal methemoglobinemia as a consequence of ingestion of butyl nitrite.The patient was a 28-year-old chronic drug abuser who became stuporous within an hour of ingesting a 0.4-ounce bottle of butyl nitrite. The empty bottle was displayed to physicians...References1. NICKERSONPARKERLOWERYSWENSON MJTE. Isobutyl Nitrite and Related Compounds. San Francisco: Pharmex, Ltd.; 1979:13. Google Scholar2. CARTWRIGHT G. Methemoglobinemia and sulfhemoglobinemia. In: THORN GW, ADAMS RE, BRAUNWALD E, ISSELBACKER KJ, PETERSDORF RG, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1977:1710-3. Google Scholar3. SIGELLKAPPFUSARONELSONFALK LFGER. Popping and snorting volatile nitrites: a current fad for getting high. Am J Psychiatry. 1978;135:1216-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HORNEWATERMANSIMMGARRIOTTFOERSTER MMLJE. Methemoglobinemia from sniffing butyl nitrite. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:417-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California Medical Center San Diego, CA 92103 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNSAID-induced liver damage with cholestasisExtreme methaemoglobinaemia secondary to recreational use of amyl nitrite.Fatal Methemoglobinemia Due to Inhalation of Isobutyl NitriteEnvironmentally-Induced Methemoglobinemia in an InfantMassive hemolysis following inhalation of volatile nitritesKinetics of amyl nitrite-induced hemoglobin oxidation in cord and adult bloodOrganic NitratesClinically significant methemoglobinemia from inhalation of isobutyl nitritePsychosexual Aspects of the Volatile NitritesMethaemoglobinaemiaBlush Not with NitritesCHARLES WILLIAM SHARP, PH.D., RICHARD C. STILLMAN, M.D 1 April 1980Volume 92, Issue 4Page: 570-570KeywordsAddictsIngestionInhalationMethemoglobinMethemoglobinemia Issue Published: 1 April 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Infection-Control Guidelines for Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: John E. Conte, W. Keith Hadley, Merle Sande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

A task force* at the University of California, San Francisco, has developed infection-control guidelines for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The task force included representatives of the University of California, San Francisco, and the city and county of San Francisco; administrators from various San Francisco hospitals; and other health-care workers with a special interest in AIDS. It also considered guidelines that had been developed by the infection-control committees at both University of California Moffitt Hospital† and San Francisco General Hospital.‡The purpose of this report is to present the findings of the task force and, recognizing that a . . .
Perinatal Regionalization for Very Low-Birth-Weight and Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Sarah Marie Lasswell, Wanda Denise Barfield, Roger William Rochat, Lillian Blackmon
Journal: JAMA (2010)

For more than 30 years, guidelines for perinatal regionalization have recommended that very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants be born at highly specialized hospitals, most commonly designated as level III hospitals. Despite these recommendations, some regions continue to have large percentages of VLBW infants born in lower-level hospitals.To evaluate published data on associations between hospital level at birth and neonatal or predischarge mortality for VLBW and very preterm (VPT) infants.Systematic search of published literature (1976-May 2010) in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PubMed databases and manual searches of reference lists.Forty-one publications met a priori inclusion criteria (randomized controlled trial, cohort, and case-control studies measuring neonatal or predischarge mortality among live-born infants < or = 1500 g or < or = 32 weeks' gestation delivered at a level III vs lower-level facility). Paired reviewers independently assessed publications for inclusion and extracted data using standardized forms. Discrepancies were decided by a third reviewer. Publications were reviewed for quality by 3 authors based on 2 content areas: adjustment for confounding and description of hospital levels. We calculated weighted, combined odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model and comparative unadjusted pooled mortality rates.We observed increased odds of death for VLBW infants (38% vs 23%; adjusted OR, 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-1.83) and VPT infants (15% vs 17%; adjusted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.21-1.98) born outside of level III hospitals. Consistent results were obtained when restricted to higher-quality evidence (mortality in VLBW infants, 36% vs 21%; adjusted OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.33-1.92 and in VPT infants, 7% vs 12%; adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.06-1.88) and infants weighing less than 1000 g (59% vs 32%; adjusted OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.31-2.46). No significant differences were found through subgroup analysis of study characteristics. Meta-regression by year of publication did not reveal a change over time (slope, 0.00; P = .87).For VLBW and VPT infants, birth outside of a level III hospital is significantly associated with increased likelihood of neonatal or predischarge death.
Mechanisms of portal hypertension-induced alterations in renal hemodynamics, renal water excretion, and renin secretion.
Authors: R J Anderson, R E Cronin, K M McDonald, R W Schrier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Clinical states with portal venous hypertension are frequently associated with impairment in renal hemodynamics and water excretion, as well as increased renin secretion. In the present investigation, portal venous pressure (PVP) was increased in anesthetized dogs undergoing a water diuresis. Renal arterial pressure was maintained constant in all studies. As PVP was increased from 6 to 20 mm Hg, decreases in cardiac output (2.5-2.0 liter/min, P less than 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (140-131 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) were observed. Increases in PVP were also associated with decreases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 40-31 ml/min, P less than 0.001), renal blood flow (RBF, 276-193 ml/min, P less than 0.001), and increases in renin secretion (232-939 U/min, P less than 0.025) in innervated kidneys. No significant change in either GFR or RBF and a decrease in renin secretion occurred with increases in PVP in denervated kidneys. To dissociate the changes in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure induced by increase PVP from the observed decreases in GFR and RBF, studies were performed on animals undergoing constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava. In these studies, similar decreases in cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were not associated with significant changes in GFR or RBF. Increases in PVP also were associated with an antidiuresis as urine osmolality increased from 101 to 446 mosmol/kg H2O (P less than 0.001). This antidiuresis was significantly blunted but not abolished by acute hypophysectomy. In hypophysectomized animals, changes in free water clearance and urine flow were linearly correlated as PVP was increased. These studies indicate that increases in PVP result in decreases in GFR and RBF and increases in renin secretion mediated by increased renal adrenergic tone. Increased PVP is also associated with antidiuresis; this antidiuresis is mediated both by vasopressin release and by diminished tubular fluid delivery to the distal nephron.
MEDICINE AS A CAREER
Authors: H. Rolleston
Journal: BMJ (1930)

TIhERE has been much argument whlletlher Medicin-e should lie regarded as a science or as ani art in whicll science is al)plied, anid it may be questioned if a really comprehensive detiiiitioni of Medicine has yet been framied.This shows, whlat no onie can seriously doubt, that it is a imanly-sided professiol, presentinig a varied choice of possible fields of sctivity before those who have to decide whether or lnot it is likely to provide thelm wzitlh a satisfyinig life career.It offers attractions to miien of very differelnt miniids- lhumanitarian, "ppractical," educational, and scientific." The proper study of manlkinid is mnani," and this includes his psychopathology as well as his physical disorders; medicinie touches human life at many joints, anid exerts its influenec on the State, law, industries, education; it apl)peals to theo iaturalist and to those wlho feel iimipelled, in WVilliamr Harvey's words, " to searclhiaild study out the sc-crets of nature by way of experimenlt."-An ilnterest in disease anid all that it mlieans draws m-len, according to their habit of mind, in one of tlhree directions:(1) to practise medicine, curative and preventive;(2) to investigate the problems of disease; or (3) to.teach others.The second anid thir(1d of these occupationis are liot un- comiimonly combined, anid, thouglh undoubtedly most important, are niot adopted by nmore thani a very few of those who tdke up medicille as a profession.It may perhaps be convenient to speak of reseal:ch and teaching as careers in medicine before considerinig the more extenisive subject of the various forims of practice.
FOREIGN BODY IN THE VITREOUS CHAMBER.
Authors: LEE WEBER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The following case came under my observation Aug. 17, 1901: A. B., aged 20, mechanic, while working on a piece of Bessemer steel—he holding a large chisel in both hands and stooping forward and a fellow workman striking with a sledge— was struck in the left eye by a piece of steel, which was thrown off by the cutting edge of the chisel, from the piece they were cutting. He was seen about half an hour later and presented the following conditions: There was a small wound in the upper lid of the left eye, slightly inward from the center and about one-fourth of an inch from the lid margin. On raising the lid a corresponding wound five millimeters long was seen at the sclero-corneal margin and a small wound in the iris near its base. Blood obscured the pupillary area and clouded the anterior chamber, but after dilating the
Cutaneous myiasis due to Dermatobia hominis: a report of six cases
Authors: P.M. GORDON, N.C. HEPBURN, A.E. WILLIAMS, M.H. BUNNEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We report six cases of Dermatobia hominis myiasis imported into the U.K. from Belize. With increasing international travel, myiasis may be encountered more frequently in countries in which the parasites are not indigenous. The life-cycle of D. hominis is described, and scanning electron micrographs show the detailed appearance of the larva.
Allergen-induced impairment of bronchoprotective nitric oxide synthesis in asthma
Authors: Fabio L.M. Ricciardolo, Mieke C. Timmersa, Pierangelo Geppetti, Annemarie van Schadewijkd, Jozef J. Brahim, Jacob K. Sont, Heidi W.F.M. de Gouw, Pieter S. Hiemstra, J.Han J.M. van Krieken, Peter J. Sterk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Older People Now More Able-bodied Than Before
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

FACILITIES that provide long-term care for the elderly will need to take into account some important new findings about the prevalence of disability and the use of assistive devices. Nearly 24 million persons out of a population of about 31 million age 65 years and older were classified as "nondisabled" in 1989-16.3% more than in 1982. This is one of the findings by three investigators working at Duke University's Center for Demographic Studies, Durham, NC. They found that not only did disability rates among older people fall substantially during the 1980s, but that those who are disabled tend to rely less on personal help and more on assistive devices. The Duke findings challenge the notion that, with an increasingly older population, more people will become dependent. "They add dramatically to a growing body of research that suggests aging is not synonymous with disability and decline," say officials of the National
Rapid conversion to high xanthine oxidase activity in viable Kupffer cells during hypoxia.
Authors: J S Wiezorek, D H Brown, D E Kupperman, C A Brass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

It has been widely postulated that the central mechanism of hepatic reperfusion injury involves the conversion, during ischemia, of the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to its free radical-producing form, xanthine oxidase (XOD). However, this theory has been questioned because (a) XDH to XOD conversion in whole liver occurs very slowly; (b) the cellular distribution of XDH/XOD is unclear; and (c) the direct demonstration of XDH to XOD conversion in viable cells is lacking. In this paper, we address all three issues by measuring XDH to XOD conversion and cell viability in purified populations of hepatic endothelial cells (EC), Kupffer cells (KC), and hepatocytes (HEP). Although XDH/XOD activity on a cellular basis was greater in hepatocytes (0.92 +/- 0.12 mU/10(6) cells) than ECs (0.03 +/- 0.01) or KCs (0.12 +/- 0.04), XDH + XOD specific activity was similar in all three cell types (HEP 1.85 +/- 0.10 U/g protein; EC 1.69 +/- 0.54; KC 2.30 +/- 0.22). Over 150 min of warm (37 degrees C) or 24 h of cold (4 degrees C) hypoxia, percent XOD activity increased slowly in ECs, from 21 +/- 2% (basal) to 39 +/- 3% (warm) and 49 +/- 5% (cold) and in HEPs (29 +/- 2% to 38 +/- 3% and 49 +/- 2%), but converted significantly faster in KCs (28 +/- 3% to 91 +/- 7% and 94 +/- 4%). The dramatic changes in Kupffer cell XOD during cold hypoxia occurred despite only minor changes in cell viability. When hypoxic KCs were reoxygenated after 16 h of cold hypoxia, there was a marked increase in cell death that was significantly blocked by allopurinol. These data suggest that significant conversion to the free radical-producing state occurs within viable KCs, and that Kupffer cell XOD may play an important role in mediating reperfusion injury in the liver.
Deaths from prescription opioids soar in New York
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The number of people in New York city who died from overdose of prescription opioids such as oxycodone in 2006 was seven times the number in 1990, a study has found. Death from prescription opioid overdose was the only type of overdose death to rise in this period.

The study, published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence , was conducted by researchers at the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University and Cornell University Weill School of Medicine in New York and the School of Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco.1 Although much has been written about misuse of prescription drugs in rural areas, the epidemic has also occurred in cities. …
Convulsions during General Anesthesia
Authors: Edmund E. Simpson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE development of a convulsion in a patient while under general anesthesia is indeed a harrowing experience. Approximately 200 cases have been reported since 1927, but before that time, for some unexplained reason, there appears to have been little on the subject in the literature. Apparently the earliest report is that of Patch.1 Later, Taylor2 recounted a case of convulsions under ether anesthesia occurring in the late eighteen-forties. It was not until 1927, however, that general interest became manifested in the condition following publication of the papers of Pinson,3 who attributed the attacks to excessive concentrations of carbon dioxide, and . . .
Walter M. Boothby, M.D. — The Wellsprings of Anesthesiology
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

AROUND the turn of the century in this country the beginnings of specialization in anesthesia were apparent. More than a few physicians began to devote full time to this endeavor, and though nurse anesthetists were on the rise, several of the larger hospitals had appointed physicians to supervise anesthetic practice. This metamorphosis was reflected in Boston, as in other cities, but here perhaps could be discerned the outlines of anesthesiology – a brapch of medicine with a clearly defined clinical responsibility, upon a background of its own scientific interest. While the spark may have flickered and died in Boston, to . . .
Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear War: A Source Book for Health Professionals
Authors: John O. Pastore
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The editors of this collection of essays by various authors are prominent leaders in Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR). During the past five years, PSR has built a network of 30,000 doctors, nurses, and committed laymen who have raised a collective voice against what often seems to be an open-ended nuclear arms race. Physicians for Social Responsibility also provides an educational service by instructing the public on the medical consequences of nuclear war. The organization has been instrumental in convincing many that nuclear war cannot be "limited" and would result in "the final epidemic." Because focusing on the cataclysmic medical consequences of nuclear war can produce what psychiatrists call "psychic numbing," PSR has needed to blend an appeal to the emotions with calmly reasoned arguments against the nuclear arms race. While doing, so, these physicians have found it necessary to become conversant with the facts and figures, not only on
Firearm Violence and Public Health-Reply
Authors: Jeremiah A. Barondess
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —On behalf of the signatories to the Commentary on firearm violence and public health, I thank those who wrote to express their opinions about the complex issues we addressed. The overall issue is whether the increasing use of firearms in interpersonal violence in this country can justifiably be called an epidemic, as we believe it can, and whether in that light it might benefit from a public health approach. No one has suggested, either in our Commentary or elsewhere, that inanimate objects, in this case firearms, by themselves and of their own volition, injure anyone. Nevertheless, in contrast to the overall rates for violent crimes in 1992, the handgun victimization rate in that year was the highest on record.<sup>1</sup> It is incorrect to suggest that there are 2.4 million "legitimate" defensive uses of firearms each year. The US Department of Justice statistics indicate that on average per
New contract has meant higher pay but not better care, say doctors
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Only 12% of consultants in England believe that patient care has improved under the new consultants' contract, a critical report by the National Audit Office (NAO) says.⇓





The contract was implemented in 2003 and was supposed to provide better services for patients; increase productivity through improved management of consultants' work; and reward consultants for their NHS work through higher pay.⇓ It is based on an agreed “job plan” made up of 10 programmed activities of four hours each. The contract is the first update since the NHS was formed in 1948.





But a survey from the NAO of 2361 consultants compared time spent before and after implementation on patient care and showed no increase in time spent on direct care.

It …