tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of chitosan/fibroin–hydroxyapatite and collagen membranes for guided bone regeneration in rat calvarial defects: micro-computed tomography analysis
Authors: Jae Min Song, Sang Hun Shin, Yong Deok Kim, Jae Yeol Lee, Young Jae Baek, Sang Yong Yoon, Hong Sung Kim
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2014)

This study aimed to utilize micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis to compare new bone formation in rat calvarial defects using chitosan/fibroin–hydroxyapatite (CFB–HAP) or collagen (Bio-Gide) membranes. Fifty-four (54) rats were studied. A circular bony defect (8 mm diameter) was formed in the centre of the calvaria using a trephine bur. The CFB–HAP membrane was prepared by thermally induced phase separation. In the experimental group (n=18), the CFB–HAP membrane was used to cover the bony defect, and in the control group (n=18), a resorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) was used. In the negative control group (n=18), no membrane was used. In each group, six animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were then analysed using micro-CT. There were significant differences in bone volume (BV) and bone mineral density (BMD) (P<0.05) between the negative control group and the membrane groups. However, there were no significant differences between the CFB–HAP group and the collagen group. We concluded that the CFB–HAP membrane has significant potential as a guided bone regeneration (GBR) membrane. Bone healing after oral surgery could be enhanced by new biodegradable membranes for reconstruction, according to research from South Korea. The search for non-toxic, biodegradable and hypoallergenic membranes to guide oral bone reconstruction after surgery is on-going. Current membranes are made from collagen. Sang Hun Shin and co-workers at Pusan National University have created a new membrane (named CFB-HAP) incorporating the natural polysaccharide chitosan, a structural protein from silk called fibroin, and hydroxyapatite, a component of natural bone. In a study comparing the effectiveness of CFB-HAP with collagen membranes, the team used microscopic computerized tomography to investigate new bone formation in rats. The images showed that CFB-HAP performed as well as existing membranes in terms of increasing bone volume and mineral density following oral surgery.
The Exercise Test in Diabetic Patients as Studied by Radioelectrocardiography
Authors: SAMUEL BELLET, LAURIAN ROMAN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Pathological, clinical, and epidemiological studies have shown that in diabetic subjects, the incidence of coronary heart disease is higher than in a nondiabetic population. In a group of 85 diabetic subjects free of clinical evidence of heart disease and exhibiting no significant abnormality in the resting electrocardiogram, an exercise electrocardiographic test was performed. In 22.3% results of the exercise test were positive; in similar studies of nondiabetic subjects, using the same technique and criteria, the incidence of positive electrocardiographic exercise tests ranged from 8 to 12%. Since a positive exercise test is usually associated with latent coronary artery disease, such findings would be considered of importance in the diagnosis and for following the evolution of this disease. It is suggested that the exercise test be performed routinely in diabetic subjects. By this means, coronary heart disease may be detected in the asymptomatic stage; this is particularly important for diabetic subjects, in whom even advanced coronary heart disease may be clinically silent.
ON THE TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: E. VIKO
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In 1870 Selmi discovered the ptomains, and later Bouchard pointed out the rôle the ptomains play in infectious diseases; knowing the lesions of typhoid fever and its cause many physicians then came to the conclusion that intestinal antiseptics should be employed in this disease. Silver nitrate was employed in 1860 by Joseph Bell of Glasgow, and later by William Pepper of Philadelphia, who treated 100 consecutive cases without a death. As early as 1883, Da Costa employed thymol with good success; ever since thymol has gained in favor. Naphthalin was praised by Rosbach as an abortive in typhoid fever; Kraemer in 1886, Wilcox in 1887, Sehwald in 1889 and Wolff of Philadelphia in 1891 confirmed Rosbach's observations. Mules (<i>British Medical Journal</i>, Feb. 27, 1892) reported that many cases of typhoid could be aborted with naphthol. Salol, calomel, beta-naphthol, turpentine, and mineral acids have received their share of praise. According to
CD11b/CD18 expression, adherence, and chemotaxis of granulocyte in adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: T Laurent, M Markert, V Von Fliedner, F Feihl, M D Schaller, M C Tagan, R Chiolero, C Perret
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The accumulation of granulocytes in the pulmonary microvasculature is generally thought a cardinal event in the pathology of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the mechanism by which granulocytes are sequestered in the pulmonary vascular bed remains largely unknown. Because the CD11b/CD18 membrane receptors mediate various adhesion-dependent functions, their expression was investigated in granulocytes from patients during the course of ARDS development in relation to adherence and chemotaxis. CD11b expression of ARDS resting granulocytes was increased within 24 h of ARDS onset by a factor of two in comparison with control patients (p < 0.05) and remained significantly increased 72 to 120 h later. In contrast, the stimulated expression was significantly decreased only within 24 h of ARDS onset. Adherence was not modified within 8 h of the onset of ARDS, but was increased at Days 1, 3, and 5. The time course of granulocyte chemotaxis shows a decreased chemotaxis capacity during the first 3 d of ARDS, followed by normalization at Day 5. The dynamic changes observed in the various functions studied indicate a possible relationship between the modulation of the CD11b expression and a hyperadhesive state of granulocytes in ARDS. These sticky granulocytes may potentially contribute to the microvascular injury.
Relevance of animal experiments to humans.
Authors: D P Rall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The best evidence of an adverse human health effect is a properly conducted epidemiological study. But human beings should not be the sole test animal. Properly conducted animal studies have been shown to be preductive for carcinogenicity and toxicologic responses in human populations. We need to develop more efficient predictive animal tests for all the common serious toxic effects caused by chemicals. One particularly important use of epidemiological studies is to validate (or invalidate) the laboratory animal experiments. There is no more powerful tool than the combination of well conducted animal experiments and well conducted epidemiological experiments.
Autoimmune hepatitis: Effect of symptoms and cirrhosis on natural history and outcome
Authors: Jordan J. Feld, Huong Dinh, Tamara Arenovich, Victoria A. Marcus, Ian R. Wanless, Jenny E. Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Although the natural history of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been characterized, little is known about patients who present asymptomatically. Consequently, whether they require immunosuppressive therapy with its associated complications is unclear. To compare the natural history of asymptomatic AIH with symptomatic AIH, a large cohort of patients from a single center was examined. All patients with a clinical diagnosis of AIH were reassessed using the revised criteria of the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. Liver histology, response to therapy, and survival were assessed. Patients asymptomatic at presentation (n = 31) had lower serum aminotransferase, bilirubin, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) values at baseline. Half of the asymptomatic patients received no therapy, and their survival was no different from that of the total cohort. Ten-year survival was 80.0% (62.5%-97.5%) in the asymptomatic group and 83.8% (75.1%-92.6%) in the symptomatic patients ( P = NS). Survival to liver-related endpoints at 10 years was similar in both groups: 89.5% (75.7%-100%) asymptomatic and 83.8% (75.1%-92.6%) symptomatic patients ( P = NS). Patients with cirrhosis at baseline had poorer 10-year survival (61.9% [CI 44.9%-78.9%]) than those without cirrhosis at presentation (94.0% [CI 87.4%-100%]) ( P = .003) regardless of whether they presented with symptoms or whether they received immunosuppressive therapy. In conclusion , patients with AIH who are asymptomatic at presentation have a good prognosis and may not require immunosuppressive therapy. Cirrhosis on initial liver biopsy portends a poor prognosis in all patients with AIH. (Hepatology 2005.)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIGEN-BINDING T CELLS IN GENETIC HIGH AND LOW RESPONDER MICE
Authors: Günter J. Hämmerling, Hugh O. McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

[125I](T,G)-A--L-binding T cells have been studied in mice whose ability to mount an immune response to (T,G)-A--L is under control of the H-2-linked Ir-1A gene. Nonimmunized high and low responder mice have approximately the same frequency of T-ABC. Following immunization, T-ABC proliferated only in high responders, but not in low responders, indicating expression of Ir-1A in T cells. When, for comparison, [125I]arsanyl-mouse serum albumin binding B and T cells were investigated in mice whose antibody response to the hapten arsanyl is controlled by an allotype-linked Ir gene, it was found that following immunization the number of B-ABC increased only in high responders. In contrast, T-ABC proliferated to the same extent in both high and low responders, suggesting exclusive expression of the allotype-linked Ir gene in the B-cell line. Preliminary studies indicate that anti-Ia sera inhibit neither B-ABC nor T-ABC.
Lung cancer patients with small nodes on CT - what's the next step?
Authors: J. Annema, K. Rabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without signs of mediastinal involvement (nodes < 1 cm short axis) at chest-computed tomography (CT) is subject of debate. Regarding the high prevalence of lung cancer and the fact that operable lung cancer patients often present with small nodes, the issue under investigation is very relevant. To date, these patients will rarely be referred for thoracotomy directly without further staging, as small nodes contain mediastinal metastases in around 18 % (range 15 %-37 %) of patients [1] and it is generally accepted that patients with locally advanced disease are preferable treated with multi modality treatment versus surgery alone [2] [3]. For mediastinal staging, in addition to the well established surgical procedures mediastinoscopy-/tomy and thoracoscopy [4], novel methods have become clinically available such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and ultrasound- guided needle aspiration methods from both the esophagus (transesophageal ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration: EUS-FNA) and bronchi (endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration: EBUS-TBNA). Each of the staging methods has specific advantages and limitations and therefore various staging strategies are possible to accomplish accurate mediastinal staging. In this paper we will focus on patients with NSCLC and small nodes at chest CT and provide arguments for several different staging strategies for this large subset of patients.
Successful combined surgical and octreotide treatment of severe pretibial myxoedema reviewed after 9 years
Authors: J. Felton, E.K. Derrick, M.L. Price
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Successful combined surgical and octreotide treatment of severe pretibial myxoedema reviewed after 9 years Get access J. Felton, J. Felton Department of Dermatology, Brighton General Hospital, Elm Grove, Brighton, Sussex BN2 3EW, U.K. E‐mail: jessie.felton@BSUH.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.K. Derrick, E.K. Derrick Department of Dermatology, Brighton General Hospital, Elm Grove, Brighton, Sussex BN2 3EW, U.K. E‐mail: jessie.felton@BSUH.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.L. Price M.L. Price Department of Dermatology, Brighton General Hospital, Elm Grove, Brighton, Sussex BN2 3EW, U.K. E‐mail: jessie.felton@BSUH.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 4, 1 April 2003, Pages 825–826, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05236.x Published: 01 April 2003
Long-term changes of synaptic transmission: A topic of long-term interest
Authors: Paolo Calabresi, Antonio Pisani, Giorgio Bernardi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Long-term modifications of synaptic efficacy at excitatory synapses are considered as a putative cellular substrate for learning and memory processes. Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) occurring at parallel fibers (PF)-Purkinje neurons (PN) synapses is thought to repre-sent a cellular model of motor learning. Crépel et al. and Linden describe this phenomenon by utilizing different tissue preparations. [CRÉPEL et al., LINDEN]
lndium-111 Labeled Purified Granulocytes in the Diagnosis of Synthetic Vascular Graft Infection
Authors: L A FORSTROM, M K DEWANJEE, S CHOWDHURY, M L BROWN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Indium-111 labeled enriched granulocytes should have improved accuracy in diagnosing synthetic vascular graft infections compared to labeled mixed leukocyte preparations because of the reduced numbers of reinjected erythrocytes and platelets, thereby reducing blood pool and nonspecific platelet adhesion to the graft. To test the use of enriched granulocytes in the diagnosis of vascular graft infections, the authors reviewed 153 studies in 106 patients. All were imaged with In-111 oxine labeled enriched autologous granulocytes prepared using Volex (American Critical Care, McGaw Park, IL) enhanced gravity sedimentation and Ficoll-Hypaque (Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ; Winthrop Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) double density centrifugation. The diagnosis of infection was established or refuted based on operative appearance of infection in one third of patients, and the clinical course over a mean 10-month follow-up period in the remainder. Of those patients with infection, 29 of 43 had positive imaging results that yielded a sensitivity of 67%. Of 100 patients without infection, 97 had negative imaging results that yielded a specificity of 97%. Compared to pooled data of studies using In-111 oxine labeled mixed leukocyte preparations, the sensitivity of enriched granulocytes appears lower and the specificity higher. The apparent reduced sensitivity may relate to the chronic nature of some graft infections and the markedly reduced number of reinjected lymphocytes in enriched granulocyte preparations compared to mixed leukocyte preparations. Although the specificity is very high using enriched granulocyte preparations, there may not be a significant advantage of the method over mixed leukocyte preparations.
511 THE NOVEL PAN-DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR PANOBINOSTAT INDUCES ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS OF APOPTOSIS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA MODELS
Authors: P. Di Fazio, R. Schneider-Stock, T. Wissniowski, S. Gahr, D. Neureiter, M. Ocker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
A Successful Case of Ileo-Colostomy
Authors: R. Morison
Journal: BMJ (1893)

ILEO-COLOSTOMY.[IxutL-- tbeing so, it seems a mistake to expend time and to disturb the parts more than is absolutely necessary.If the appendix is firmly bound down, probably the best plan is to leave it and trust to drainage alone.Some form of sponge should be used for cleaning away pus or the contents of the appendix, irrigation being avoided for reasons already mentioned.There are still advocates for exploration by median abdo- minal incision.Everything is so much in favour of the lateral one when the caecal region is clearly the starting point of the mischief, that the median opening appears to me only justifiable under two conditions: (1) When the diagnosis is not clear, the operation being really an exploration; and (2) when general peritonitis exists, the addition of a median opening (in addition to the lateral one) for flushing and drainage adding to the patient's chance of recovery.
Diagnostic tools for the study of vascular cognitive dysfunction in hypertension and antihypertensive drug research
Authors: Andrea Semplicini, Piero Amodio, Gastone Leonetti, Cesare Cuspidi, Carlo Umiltà, Sami Schiff, Philip Scheltens, Frederik Barkhof, Costanza Emanueli, Annachiara Cagnin, Gilberto Pizzolato, Luisa Macchini, Anna Realdi, Vladimir Royter, Natan M. Bornstein, Paolo Madeddu
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005)
<i>HER2</i> amplification predicts breast cancer recurrence but not overall survival.
Authors: P Ananthakrishnan, RJ Patrick, LA Rybicki, RR Tubbs, GT Budd, JP Crowe
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6070 INTRODUCTION: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) amplification has been associated with an aggressive breast cancer phenotype. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine if a relationship between HER2 amplification and local recurrence or overall survival (OS) existed; and 2) to compare prognostic effects of HER2 amplification with race, age, TNM stage, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade, and hormone receptor status.&amp;#x2028; METHODS: Data were collected prospectively in our institutional review board approved breast center patient registry for patients with infiltrating ductal or infiltrating ductal-lobular mixed breast cancer; all other histologic types, including pure infiltrating lobular, were excluded from this analysis. Variables analyzed included race, age at diagnosis, tumor size, overall TNM stage, SBR grade, HER2 status, and hormone receptor status. Outcomes were defined as disease-free survival (local and distant) and OS. The prognostic effect of HER2 amplification on disease-free survival (DFS) and OS was assessed after adjusting for race, age, TNM stage, SBR grade, and hormone receptor status; Cox proportional hazards analysis was used in the multivariable analysis. A stepwise selection procedure was used in the multivariable analysis with p&amp;lt;0.10 required to allow a variable into the model and p&amp;lt;0.05 required to retain it in the final model. &amp;#x2028; RESULTS: Data were available for 1750 patients (mean age at diagnosis 60 years) diagnosed between January 2001 and July 2007; mean tumor size 1.8 cm, of which 384 (22%) were hormone receptor negative and 296 (17%) were HER2 amplified. Risk factors for DFS included HER2 amplification (Table 1), black race, increasing TNM stage, and negative hormone receptors. Risk factors for OS included black race, increasing TNM stage, and negative hormone receptors. HER2 amplification was associated with decreased disease-free survival (Fig 1a) but not OS (Fig 1b).&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; CONCLUSIONS: Although HER2 amplification predicted disease-free survival, it did not predict OS in the multivariable analysis. A possible explanation for this finding is the increasing use of Trastuzumab for HER2 amplified tumors after relapse. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6070.
Different Associations of Diabetes With β-Cell Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance Among Obese and Nonobese Chinese Women With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Weiqin Li, Shuang Zhang, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Cuiping Zhang, Junhong Leng, Zhijie Yu, Xilin Yang, Huiguang Tian, Gang Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To examine the relative contributions of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to postpartum diabetes risk among obese and nonobese women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).We performed a cross-sectional survey 1-5 years after 1,263 women who had GDM gave birth. Polytomous logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of β-cell dysfunction (the lower quartile of HOMA-%β), insulin resistance (the upper quartile of HOMA-IR), decreased insulin sensitivity (the lower quartile of HOMA-%S), and different categories of BMI with prediabetes and diabetes risk.β-Cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and decreased insulin sensitivity all were significantly associated with hyperglycemic status across normal weight, overweight, and obese groups, and the patterns of insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity were similar. BMI was inversely associated with β-cell dysfunction and positively associated with insulin resistance across normal glucose, prediabetes, and diabetes categories. Compared with women with normal glucose and weight, obese women with normal glucose had increased β-cell secretory function (odds ratio [OR] 0.09 [95% CI 0.02-0.37]) and insulin resistance (OR 17.4 [95% CI 9.47-31.9]). Normal weight diabetic women displayed the most β-cell dysfunction (OR 13.6 [95% CI 4.06-45.3]), whereas obese diabetic women displayed the highest insulin resistance (OR 45.8 [95% CI 18.5-113]).For women with prior GDM, β-cell dysfunction had more pronounced contribution to postpartum diabetes among nonobese subjects, whereas insulin resistance contributed more to postpartum hyperglycemia among obese subjects.
Preeclampsia and the Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Bjørn Egil Vikse, Lorentz M. Irgens, Torbjørn Leivestad, Rolv Skjærven, Bjarne M. Iversen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

It is unknown whether preeclampsia is a risk marker for subsequent end-stage renal disease (ESRD).We linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, which contains data on all births in Norway since 1967, with data from the Norwegian Renal Registry, which contains data on all patients receiving a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) since 1980, to assess the association between preeclampsia in one or more pregnancies and the subsequent development of ESRD. The study population consisted of women who had had a first singleton birth between 1967 and 1991; we included data from up to three pregnancies.ESRD developed in 477 of 570,433 women a mean (+/-SD) of 17+/-9 years after the first pregnancy (overall rate, 3.7 per 100,000 women per year). Among women who had been pregnant one or more times, preeclampsia during the first pregnancy was associated with a relative risk of ESRD of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6 to 6.1). Among women who had been pregnant two or more times, preeclampsia during the first pregnancy was associated with a relative risk of ESRD of 3.2 (95% CI, 2.2 to 4.9), preeclampsia during the second pregnancy with a relative risk of 6.7 (95% CI, 4.3 to 10.6), and preeclampsia during both pregnancies with a relative risk of 6.4 (95% CI, 3.0 to 13.5). Among women who had been pregnant three or more times, preeclampsia during one pregnancy was associated with a relative risk of ESRD of 6.3 (95% CI, 4.1 to 9.9), and preeclampsia during two or three pregnancies was associated with a relative risk of 15.5 (95% CI, 7.8 to 30.8). Having a low-birth-weight or preterm infant increased the relative risk of ESRD. The results were similar after adjustment for possible confounders and after exclusion of women who had kidney disease, rheumatic disease, essential hypertension, or diabetes mellitus before pregnancy.Although the absolute risk of ESRD in women who have had preeclampsia is low, preeclampsia is a marker for an increased risk of subsequent ESRD.