tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of anaphylaxis: a systematic review
Authors: S. Dhami, S. S. Panesar, G. Roberts, A. Muraro, M. Worm, M. B. Bilò, V. Cardona, A. E. J. Dubois, A. DunnGalvin, P. Eigenmann, M. Fernandez-Rivas, S. Halken, G. Lack, B. Niggemann, F. Rueff, A. F. Santos, B. Vlieg-Boerstra, Z. Q. Zolkipli, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2013)

To establish the effectiveness of interventions for the acute and long-term management of anaphylaxis, seven databases were searched for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before–after studies and interrupted time series and – only in relation to adrenaline – case series investigating the effectiveness of interventions in managing anaphylaxis. Fifty-five studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. We found no robust studies investigating the effectiveness of adrenaline (epinephrine), H1-antihistamines, systemic glucocorticosteroids or methylxanthines to manage anaphylaxis. There was evidence regarding the optimum route, site and dose of administration of adrenaline from trials studying people with a history of anaphylaxis. This suggested that administration of intramuscular adrenaline into the middle of vastus lateralis muscle is the optimum treatment. Furthermore, fatality register studies have suggested that a failure or delay in administration of adrenaline may increase the risk of death. The main long-term management interventions studied were anaphylaxis management plans and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Management plans may reduce the risk of further reactions, but these studies were at high risk of bias. Venom immunotherapy may reduce the incidence of systemic reactions in those with a history of venom-triggered anaphylaxis.
Cyanocobalamin Injections for Patients Without Documented Deficiency
Authors: Larry Lawhorne
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We reviewed the records of 1222 patients who attended a newly acquired rural satellite clinic and found that 120 (10%) had been receiving regular cynocobalamin injections, but that only 4 (3%) met accepted criteria for its administration. Open-ended interviews with 48 of these patients revealed that they had been receiving cyanocobalamin injections for a mean of 9.9 years for 3.3 symptoms each and with a mean effectiveness rating of 2.9 (scale, 0 to 4). After receiving education regarding the appropriate indications for cyanocobalamin injections, 25 (52%) of the patients were willing to stop receiving them at least temporarily. However, 18 patients (38%) who were younger and who reported greater symptom relief would actively seek a physician who would continue to administer cyanocobalamin. Our findings suggest that some patients who have been receiving cyanocobalamin injections but who do not have a documented deficiency will stop receiving the injections when presented with reasonable alternatives. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261:1920-1923)
Letter: Medical Nemesis.
Authors: J S Bradshaw
Journal: BMJ (1975)

of us spotted that he had fainted; we all mistook the faint for the onset of smooth anaesthesia, and but for a warning cried out by the technician who was following the blood pressure on the recording apparatus the patient might well have died.In the boy's case outlined above, Dr. Tomlin (2 November, p. 288) somewhat surprisingly attributes the death to pul- monary oedema.I have pointed out3 that in cases of sudden collapse and death in the dental chair when fainting was the only rational explanation pulmonary oedema seems to be a constant necropsy finding.Indeed, Dr. Tomlin himself has reported this finding.6The case was that of a woman aged 22 sitting up in the dental chair who lost consciousness and collapsed during the injection within the mouth of 1-5 ml of a standard local analgesic solution.She died and "the post-mortem revealed acute pul- monary oedean."Discussing the cause of this death, Dr. Tomlin makes no mention of the pulmonary oedema.He attributes the death either to acute sensitivity to the analgesic agent or to "a severe dysrhythmina or a 'faint'."-Iam, etc.,
Observer variation in histopathological diagnosis and grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Authors: S. M. Ismail, A. B. Colclough, J. S. Dinnen, D. Eakins, D. M. Evans, E. Gradwell, J. P. O'Sullivan, J. M. Summerell, R. G. Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To assess the variability among histopathologists in diagnosing and grading cervical intraepithelial neoplasia eight experienced histopathologists based at different hospitals examined the same set of 100 consecutive colposcopic cervical biopsy specimens and assigned them into one of six diagnostic categories. These were normal squamous epithelium, non-neoplastic squamous proliferations, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades I, II, and III, and other. The histopathologists were given currently accepted criteria for diagnosing and grading cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and asked to mark their degree of confidence about their decision on a visual linear analogue scale provided. The degree of agreement between the histopathologists was characterised by kappa statistics, which showed an overall poor agreement (unweighted kappa 0.358). Agreement between observers was excellent for invasive lesions, moderately good for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III, and poor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades I and II (unweighted kappa 0.832, 0.496, 0.172, and 0.175, respectively); the kappa value for all grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia taken together was 0.660. The most important source of disagreement lay in the distinction of reactive squamous proliferations from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I. The histopathologists were confident in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and invasive carcinoma (other) but not as confident in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades I and II and glandular atypia (other). Experienced histopathologists show considerable interobserver variability in grading cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and more importantly in distinguishing between reactive squamous proliferations and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I. It is suggested that the three grade division of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia should be abandoned and a borderline category introduced that entails follow up without treatment.
The methyltransferase Ezh2 controls cell adhesion and migration through direct methylation of the extranuclear regulatory protein talin
Authors: Merry Gunawan, Nandini Venkatesan, Jia Tong Loh, Jong Fu Wong, Heidi Berger, Wen Hao Neo, Liang Yao Jackson Li, Myint Khun La Win, Yin Hoe Yau, Tiannan Guo, Peter Chi Ee See, Sayuri Yamazaki, Keh Chuang Chin, Alexandre R Gingras, Susana Geifman Shochat, Lai Guan Ng, Siu Kwan Sze, Florent Ginhoux, I-hsin Su
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Osteoclast-like cells form in long-term human bone marrow but not in peripheral blood cultures.
Authors: N Takahashi, T Kukita, B R MacDonald, A Bird, G R Mundy, L M McManus, M Miller, A Boyde, S J Jones, G D Roodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Transplantation studies have suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cells contain precursors for osteoclasts. Thus we tested the capacity of peripheral blood monocytes to form osteoclasts in long-term culture. We have reported previously that mononuclear cells from feline, baboon, and human marrow form osteoclast-like cells in long term cultures. Further, the formation of these cells is increased in response to bone resorption stimulatory agents such as PTH, interleukin 1, and transforming growth factor alpha. We now report that these cells show characteristic cytoplasmic contraction with calcitonin and form resorption lacunae when cultured on sperm whale dentine. Thus, these bone marrow-derived multinucleated cells fulfill the functional criteria for osteoclasts. Although cultured peripheral blood monocytes can be induced to form multinucleated cells with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, these cells did not show similar responses to the osteotropic factors as multinucleated cells formed in the bone marrow cultures multinucleated cells. These results indicate that osteoclasts or cells closely related to osteoclasts form in long-term human bone marrow cultures. In contrast, few mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood appear capable of forming osteoclasts under the culture conditions used in these experiments.
Abstract 5344: Rapid induction and progression of PhIP+DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis in CYP1A-humanized mice
Authors: Jayson X. Chen, Hong Wang, Guangxun Li, Anna Liu, Chung S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), the most abundant heterocyclic amine generated from high temperature cooking of meat and fish, is metabolically activated by human cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A2 to a proximate carcinogen. Using CYP1A-humanized (hCYP1A) mice, previous study in our lab demonstrated that a single i.g. administration of PhIP (200mg/kg b.w.), followed by 1.5% Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days, can rapidly induce tumors in the colon with 100% incidence. Multiple adenocarcinomas were observed with elevation of β-catenin, a key protein in the Wnt signaling pathway, as well as iNOS, COX-2, cyclin D1 and c-Myc. In the present study, we investigated the early stage colon carcinogenesis in the hCYP1A mice treated with PhIP (2x 100mg/kg b.w.) and DSS (4 days). After 4 days of DSS treatment, clinical manifestation such as weight loss, diarrhea, and bloody stools were observed. At day 1 after DSS cessation, we found severe damages to the colon epithelium with expansive crypt degeneration, ulcerations and inflammation. At days 3 and 7, we detected epithelial hyperplasia and dysplasia in addition to extensive ulcerations and inflammation. At days 11 and 17, we identified early adenoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Similar adenomatous lesions were not observed in hCYP1A mice treated with only DSS. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected strong nuclear staining of β-catenin, specifically within the early adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Further examination using Ki67 marker revealed strong nuclear staining in the adenomas and adenocarcinomas as well as areas of hyperplasia and dysplasia, indicating their high level of proliferation and generation. DNA sequencing revealed 96% of the PhIP+DSS induced colon tumors at week 10 carried a β-catenin mutation, particularly in the codon 32, 33, and 34. Altogether, we demonstrate the rapid induction and progression of colon tumorigenesis in hCYP1A mice, initiated by PhIP-induced Wnt dysregulation and promoted by DSS-induced colitis. (Supported by NIH grants F31CA168333, RO1CA120915 and RO1CA133021 as well as shared facilities funded by CA72720 and ES05022) Citation Format: Jayson X. Chen, Hong Wang, Guangxun Li, Anna Liu, Chung S. Yang. Rapid induction and progression of PhIP+DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis in CYP1A-humanized mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5344. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5344
Changing heat and moisture exchangers every 48 hours rather than 24 hours does not affect their efficacy and the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia.
Authors: K Djedaini, M Billiard, L Mier, G Le Bourdelles, P Brun, P Markowicz, P Estagnasie, F Coste, Y Boussougant, D Dreyfuss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Heat and moisture exchangers (HME) (Dar-Hygrobac II, Peters) can safely be used every 24 h for long-term mechanical ventilation and provide a cost-saving alternative to heated humidifiers. We have prospectively determined whether changing HMEs every 48 h only affects their clinical and bacteriological efficiency in a series of consecutive nonselected ICU patients requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. Two consecutive periods were compared. During period 1, HMEs were replaced every day; during period 2, they were changed every 48 h. Patients from the two periods were similar in terms of age and indication for and overall duration of MV (10 +/- 8.6 versus 10 +/- 9 d, p = 0.9). Minute ventilation and maximum values for peak airway pressure were identical during the two periods. These values were also identical after 1 and 2 d of HME use during period 2, indicating that HME resistance was not increased by prolonged use. Obstruction of the tracheal tube occurred only once in a period 1 patient. The results of quantitative cultures indicate that the maximum and mean levels of bacterial colonization during the two periods were similar for the pharynx, trachea, Y-connector, patient, and ventilator side of the HME. More importantly, the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was similar during the two periods (6/61 versus 8/68, p = 0.7). Thus, prolonged HME use is safe and provides a substantial reduction in the cost of mechanical ventilation.
"A Living Death"
Authors: Walter C. Alvarez
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Some time ago, a physician faced by an apparently moribund patient worked rapidly and within some minutes managed to get the heart beating again, having to open the chest wall to do it. Unforunately, he did not succeed until the upper part of the man's brain was destroyed; as a result, the man was left an idiot. The family sued and gained a tremendous sum as damages. This seemed terrible for several reasons. Even if an expert like Dr. Hamlin<sup>1</sup>had been there watching the proceedings, he might not have thought of blaming the doctor for losing the race with mental death. Incidentally, anyone who is interested in knowing how long it takes the brain to die might like to read a study published in 1937.<sup>2</sup>There are 107 items in the bibliography. The interesting point is that the susceptibility to anoxemia, in the brain,
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits the suppressive effect of regulatory T cells on the hepatitis B virus–specific immune response
Authors: Jeroen N. Stoop, Andrea M. Woltman, Paula J. Biesta, Johannes G. Kusters, Ernst J. Kuipers, Harry L.A. Janssen, Renate G. van der Molen
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by a weak immune response to the virus. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) are present in increased numbers in the peripheral blood of chronic HBV patients, and these Treg are capable of suppressing the HBV-specific immune response. The aim of this study was to abrogate Treg-mediated suppression of the HBV-specific immune response. Therefore, Treg and a Treg-depleted cell fraction were isolated from peripheral blood of chronic HBV patients. Subsequently, the suppressive effect of Treg on the response to HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and tetanus toxin was compared, and the effect of exogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta), or neutralizing antibodies against interleukin-10 (IL-10) or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) on Treg-mediated suppression was determined. The results show that Treg of chronic HBV patients had a more potent suppressive effect on the response to HBcAg compared with the response to tetanus toxin. Neutralization of IL-10 and TGF-beta or exogenous IL-1beta had no effect on Treg-mediated suppression of the anti-HBcAg response, whereas exogenous TNF-alpha partially abrogated Treg-mediated suppression. Preincubation of Treg with TNF-alpha demonstrated that TNF-alpha had a direct effect on the Treg. No difference was observed in the type II TNF receptor expression by Treg from chronic HBV patients and healthy controls.Treg-mediated suppression of the anti-HBV response can be reduced by exogenous TNF-alpha. Because chronic HBV patients are known to produce less TNF-alpha, these data implicate an important role for TNF-alpha in the impaired antiviral response in chronic HBV.
Atypical Rounded Atelectasis: Diagnosis and Management Based on Results of F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Norna Ludeman, Brett M. Elicker, Gautham P. Reddy, W Richard Webb, Jessica W. T. Leung, Michael B. Gotway
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 58-year-old man presented with bilateral focal pulmonary opacities in the setting of asbestos-related pleural disease. CT features of the opacities were insufficiently characteristic to diagnose rounded atelectasis. Needle biopsy failed to exclude malignancy. FDG-PET imaging showed minimal metabolic activity within these opacities, allowing conservative management, as opposed to thoracotomy. Although FDG-PET findings of rounded atelectasis are known, little is known about FDG-PET results in patients with atypical rounded atelectasis on CT. FDG-PET is a useful test in the setting of asbestos-related pleural disease and rounded atelectasis, and may obviate need for more invasive and expensive diagnostic procedures.
HIV Survival Benefit Associated with Earlier Antiviral Therapy
Authors: Frank J. Palella, Joan S. Chmiel, Scott D. Holmberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters6 April 2004HIV Survival Benefit Associated with Earlier Antiviral TherapyFrank J. Palella Jr., MD, Joan S. Chmiel, PhD, and Scott D. Holmberg, MD, MPHFrank J. Palella Jr., MDFrom Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333., Joan S. Chmiel, PhDFrom Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333., and Scott D. Holmberg, MD, MPHFrom Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We were surprised to see Mocroft and colleagues question our findings of improved survival among treatment initiators with CD4+ cell counts above 0.200×109 cells/L rather than our suggestion of possible treatment benefit above a CD4+ cell count of 0.350×109 cells/L. The former is a well-accepted minimum treatment threshold, and the latter is a finding of interest and potential import.The calendar time for our observations (1994–2002) included periods before wide availability of HAART. However, numbers did not permit analyses stratifying by calendar time. We presented data on HAART recipients (by definition, those treated after 1995) in our Tables ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSurvival Benefit of Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Persons in Different CD4+ Cell Strata Frank J. Palella Jr. , Maria Deloria-Knoll , Joan S. Chmiel , Anne C. Moorman , Kathleen C. Wood , Alan E. Greenberg , Scott D. Holmberg , and HIV Survival Benefit Associated with Earlier Antiviral Therapy Amanda Mocroft , Andrew N. Phillips , and Jens D. Lundgren Metrics 6 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 7Page: 579KeywordsAntiretroviral therapyAntiviral therapyDeath ratesHIVMortalityRetrospective studiesToxicityViral load ePublished: 6 April 2004 Issue Published: 6 April 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ventricular expression of brain natriuretic peptide gene following orthotopic cardiac transplantation in children - a three year follow up
Authors: A. Ationu, K. Sorensen, B. Whitehead, D. Singer, M. Burch, N. D Carter
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Ventricular expression of brain natriuretic peptide gene following orthotopic cardiac transplantation in children – a three year follow up Get access Art Ationu, Art Ationu St George's Hospital, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom—Child Health Department: A Ationu, N D Carter: Blood Pressure Unit: K Sorensen, D R J Singer; Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1: B Whitehead, M Burch. Correspondence to Professor Carter. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Keld Sorensen, Keld Sorensen St George's Hospital, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom—Child Health Department: A Ationu, N D Carter: Blood Pressure Unit: K Sorensen, D R J Singer; Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1: B Whitehead, M Burch. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bruce Whitehead, Bruce Whitehead St George's Hospital, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom—Child Health Department: A Ationu, N D Carter: Blood Pressure Unit: K Sorensen, D R J Singer; Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1: B Whitehead, M Burch. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Donald Singer, Donald Singer St George's Hospital, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom—Child Health Department: A Ationu, N D Carter: Blood Pressure Unit: K Sorensen, D R J Singer; Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1: B Whitehead, M Burch. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Burch, Michael Burch St George's Hospital, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom—Child Health Department: A Ationu, N D Carter: Blood Pressure Unit: K Sorensen, D R J Singer; Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1: B Whitehead, M Burch. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicholas D Carter Nicholas D Carter St George's Hospital, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom—Child Health Department: A Ationu, N D Carter: Blood Pressure Unit: K Sorensen, D R J Singer; Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London WC1: B Whitehead, M Burch. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2135–2139, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2135 Published: 01 December 1993
Occurrence of Goiter in an Infant on a Soy Diet
Authors: Jerrold D. Hydovitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SEVERAL recent studies have established and explored the role of a soy-flour diet in the genesis of "high-uptake" goiter in the rat.1 , 2 Although it is a common practice to resort to the exclusive use of soy preparations for considerable periods in the management of milk allergy, no reports have appeared to date that implicate this nutrient in the production of goiter or hypothyroidism in the human patient. The sequence of events and data that evolved during an investigation into the possible cause of thyroid enlargement in a male infant and the subsequent personal communications from authors interested in the problem . . .