tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2092: Elevated PKCα expression and its association with Notch signaling in localized and metastatic prostate cancers
Authors: Xinchun Zhou, He Zhu, Xu Zhang, Jack Lewin, Lucio Miele
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Conventional protein Kinase C alpha (PKCα) is linked to the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, and apoptosis. Elevated PKCα expression has been reported in human early prostate cancer (PCa) and rat prostatic tumor cell lines. In this study, the expression level of PKCα was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with the expression levels of Notch1 and Jagged1 in localized and metastatic PCa. Methods: : IHC for PKCα was performed on tissue microarray (TMA) slides containing 156 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostatic tissues specimens, including 39 benign prostatic changes, 97 localized prostate cancers and 20 metastatic prostate cancers. The expression level of PKCα was reported as a final IHC score calculated as staining extent score (0-3) multiplied by intensity score (0-3) with a maximal score of 9. ANOVA was employed to reveal the differences in IHC scores among pathologic categories, followed by Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons. Spearman correlation coefficient was evaluated to measure correlation between expression levels of PKCα, Notch1, and Jagged1. Results: IHC staining for PKCα was predominantly observed in cytoplasm (in 94% specimens). The score of PKCα cytoplasmic staining in metastatic PCa (5.48 ± 1.84, Mean ±SD) was significantly higher than those in localized PCa (3.30 ± 2.10, P = 2.95E-05) and in benign prostatic tissue (1.92 ± 1.53, P = 6.45E-09). Similarly, IHC score in localized PCa was significantly higher than that observed in benign prostatic changes (P = 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that the expression level of cytoplasmic PKCα was significantly correlated with the expression levels of cytoplasmic Notch1 (r = 0.396, P = 5.85E-05), cytoplasmic Jagged1 (r = 0.610, P = 3.42E-11), and membranous Jagged1 (r = 0.354, P = 3.76E-04, respectively) in localized and metastatic prostate cancers. Conclusions: Our results indicate that up-regulation of PKCα plays a role not only in PCa formation and progression, but also in PCa metastasis. The evidence of significant correlation between PKCα and Jagged1-Notch1 signaling pathway supports the notion that synergy of PKCα with Jagged1-Notch1 signaling may play an important role in modulating the tumorgenesis and metastasis in human PCa. Citation Format: Xinchun Zhou, He Zhu, Xu Zhang, Jack Lewin, Lucio Miele. Elevated PKCα expression and its association with Notch signaling in localized and metastatic prostate cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2092. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2092
Evaluation of a new uricosuric diuretic--ticrynafen
Authors: M. E. Kosman
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ticrynafen is an orally administered diuretic that is similar to the thiazides in its therapeutic actions, but unlike the thiazides, it increases urate excretion and lowers serum uric acid levels. Ticrynafen is useful in the treatment of hypertension and in selected cases of chronic congestive heart failure. At present, it appears to be indicated primarily in patients with these disorders who have a history of gout. Patients who are currently receiving a thiazide should not have their therapy arbitrarily changed to ticrynafen because of asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
The pineapple upside-down liver cake
Authors: Anthony W. Castleberry, David A. Geller, Allan Tsung
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

A 30-year-old female with a medical history of an omphalocele with displacement of her liver into the pelvic cavity presented to the emergency department with several days of fever, lower abdominal pain, and distension. Physical examination revealed lower abdominal tenderness without peritoneal signs. The liver enzymes were mildly elevated and her hemoglobin dropped 1.7 g while in the emergency room. CT, computed tomography. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed that the liver was absent from the right upper quadrant and revealed a pelvic "upside-down" liver with a dominant lesion in the right lobe with hemorrhage suggestive of hepatic adenoma with acute bleed (Fig. 1A). A stalk of liver tissue containing vascular structures and the common bile duct was visualized extending upward from the pelvis. The patient was explored in the operating room through a lower midline incision. She underwent a right hepatic lobectomy with removal of the hemorrhagic adenoma (Fig. 1B). Care was taken to avoid injury to the elongated portal triad, which extended from the pelvic liver to the right upper quadrant (Fig. 1C). Histologic specimen demonstrated a mass lesion composed of cells resembling normal hepatocytes arranged in trabecular pattern with areas of hemorrhage surrounded by focal inflammation and granulation (Fig. 1D). Final pathology diagnosis was hepatocellular adenoma with focal hemorrhage and necrosis. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course and was discharged in good condition. Although benign lesions have been reported in ectopic liver tissue,1 an important distinction between these cases and the current report is that ectopic liver consists of patches of normal liver tissue outside the primary liver, which often do not receive any arterial supply from the hepatic artery and lack a portal system and ductal connection to the biliary tract. This patient had her entire liver congenitally displaced into the pelvic cavity, and it was actually flipped upside-down. This is the first case reported of a ruptured hepatic adenoma in a congenital pelvic liver resulting from an abdominal wall defect. Interestingly, an "upside-down" gallbladder has been reported in a case where the ectopic gallbladder initially mimicked a possible neoplasm on CT scan.2 The discovery of a hepatic adenoma should almost always result in surgical resection due to the risk of life-threatening hemorrhage or progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.3 Laparoscopic resection may be an alternative to open surgery for selected patients.4
Neurological Complication after Combined Diphtheria and Pertussis Immunization
Authors: J. Vahrman
Journal: BMJ (1950)

THE MALARIA PARASITE t= pre-erythrocytic development of the parasites takes place in the parenchymal cells of the liver with the production of merozoites which invade the erythrocytes to establish the blood infection.At the same time strong evidence has been adduced to suggest that this developmental cycle in the liver persists after the establishment of the erythrocytic infection, may even exist without the latter, is relatively unaffected by the immunity response of the host, and is the probable sburce of relapses of the disease.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Fasting Plasma Glucose in the Assessment of Outpatient Glycemic Control in NIDDM
Authors: Roger E Pecoraro, Mei S Chen, Daniel Porte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Interpreting measurements of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) is subject to inherent limitations. The time course of change in GHb cannot be reliably specified in the individual patient, nor do single measurements of GHb convey any information regarding recent change or stability in glycemic control. To evaluate whether the clinical utility of these measurements may be extended, sequential measurements of FPG and GHb were examined from 16 outpatients with NIDDM followed over periods of 12 successive weeks or longer, including intervals following cessation of prior therapy or initiation of new hypoglycemic therapy with glipizide. In some individuals as well as groups of patients, changes in GHb followed patterns previously described by mean changes among groups of patients. Differing from those patterns, however, other individuals demonstrated prompt improvement in GHb following substantial improvement in FPG, confirming that patterns of change described from group means do not apply to all circumstances of changing glycemic control, though they may represent the most common. By using measurements of both FPG and GHb obtained on a single occasion to calculate a third parameter, called the glycosylated hemoglobin index (GHb-1), accurate information could be obtained regarding changes in glycemic control which occurred over intervals of 1–4 wk prior to the measurements. By this approach the utility of GHb measurements in the management of outpatients with NIDDM may be extended beyond retrospective description of the “average” prior metabolic control to include assessment of recent changes in glycemia, either deterioration or improvement.
Free-radical production and oxidative reactions of hemoglobin.
Authors: C C Winterbourn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Mechanisms of autoxidation of hemoglobin, and its reactions with H2O2, O2-, and oxidizing or reducing xenobiotics are discussed. Reactive intermediates of such reactions can include drug free radicals, H2O2, and O2-, as well as peroxidatively active ferrylhemoglobin and methemoglobin-H2O2. The contributions of these species to hemoglobin denaturation and drug-induced hemolysis, and the actions of various protective agents, are considered.
Management and Treatment of Ichthyosis
Authors: Lowell A. Goldsmith, Howard P. Baden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

ICHTHYOSIS is the term used to describe a group of hereditary disorders in which the outer horny layer of the skin is abnormal and has been likened in appearance to the scales of lower vertebrates.Many patients experience lifelong disfigurement as well as considerable discomfort from the abnormally thickened horny layer. In addition, thermal regulation, water balance and growth and development may be adversely affected, depending on the type and severity of the disease. The principal features of these disorders are outlined in Table 1. Although knowledge of the fundamental defects in the various forms of ichthyosis is incomplete, there have . . .
Vitamin E in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
Authors: I-Min Lee, Nancy R. Cook, J. Michael Gaziano, David Gordon, Paul M Ridker, JoAnn E. Manson, Charles H. Hennekens, Julie E. Buring
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Basic research provides plausible mechanisms and observational studies suggest that apparently healthy persons, who self-select for high intakes of vitamin E through diet or supplements, have decreased risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Randomized trials do not generally support benefits of vitamin E, but there are few trials of long duration among initially healthy persons.To test whether vitamin E supplementation decreases risks of cardiovascular disease and cancer among healthy women.In the Women's Health Study conducted between 1992 and 2004, 39 876 apparently healthy US women aged at least 45 years were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E or placebo and aspirin or placebo, using a 2 x 2 factorial design, and were followed up for an average of 10.1 years.Administration of 600 IU of natural-source vitamin E on alternate days.Primary outcomes were a composite end point of first major cardiovascular event (nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or cardiovascular death) and total invasive cancer.During follow-up, there were 482 major cardiovascular events in the vitamin E group and 517 in the placebo group, a nonsignificant 7% risk reduction (relative risk [RR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.05; P = .26). There were no significant effects on the incidences of myocardial infarction (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.82-1.23; P = .96) or stroke (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82-1.17; P = .82), as well as ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. For cardiovascular death, there was a significant 24% reduction (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98; P = .03). There was no significant effect on the incidences of total cancer (1437 cases in the vitamin E group and 1428 in the placebo group; RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.94-1.08; P = .87) or breast (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.90-1.12; P = .95), lung (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.83-1.44; P = .52), or colon cancers (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.77-1.31; P = .99). Cancer deaths also did not differ significantly between groups. There was no significant effect of vitamin E on total mortality (636 in the vitamin E group and 615 in the placebo group; RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.93-1.16; P = .53).The data from this large trial indicated that 600 IU of natural-source vitamin E taken every other day provided no overall benefit for major cardiovascular events or cancer, did not affect total mortality, and decreased cardiovascular mortality in healthy women. These data do not support recommending vitamin E supplementation for cardiovascular disease or cancer prevention among healthy women.
Abstract 82: CYP3A4 promotes mammary carcinoma angiogenesis in a cell iIntrinsic fashion.
Authors: Zhijun Guo, Beverly Norris, Jonathan Henriksen, Monique Morgan, Michael Maher, Robert Schumacher, Robin Bliss, Haitao Chu, Kalpna Gupta, Stephen Schmechel, David Potter
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) has been recently been implicated in breast cancer cell growth and survival, but the role of cell intrinsic CYP3A4 in breast cancer cell engraftment and angiogenesis is unknown. Previously, we have characterized CYP3A4 knock down lines in which CYP3A4 is stably suppressed [J Biol Chem. 2011 May 20;286(20):17543-59]. The CYP3A4 knock down lines exhibit reduced proliferation and clonogenicity in vitro. We therefore tested in an estradiol dependent nude mouse mammary fat pad xenograft model whether the MCF-7 3-18 line (CYP3A4 shRNA), in which CYP3A4 protein levels are suppressed by 60%, exhibits reduced growth compared to a non-target line MCF-7 NT2. Before implantation, the suppression of CYP3A4 mRNA in the shRNA compared to NT2 cells was confirmed by qPCR. After 46 days of monitored tumor growth, the MCF-7 NT2 tumors exhibited a median size of 27±3 mm3 (median±SEM) compared to 2±0.6 mm3 for the MCF-7 CYP3A4 shRNA tumors. Tumor growth was modeled by a Gompertzian method and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0018). The mammary fat pads were removed after sacrifice at the end of the experiment, inked, oriented and subjected to z-sectioning. All mice exhibited tumors. The CYP3A4 shRNA tumors exhibited necrosis (5 of 6 evaluable mice) whereas the NT2 control tumors did not (0 of 6 evaluable mice) (P=0.0152; two tailed Fisher's exact test). Angiogenesis was measured by CD31 immunohistochemical staining using an automated microvessel image analysis algorithm (Image Analysis Toolbox, Aperio Technologies) allowing measurement of percentage of area occupied by CD31 staining cells at the cortex of tumor nodules. Percent area occupied by CD31 positive cells was 2.69±0.46 vs. 0.67±0.64 (mean±SEM) (P=0.033). Together, these results suggest that cell intrinsic CYP3A4 is important for mammary carcinoma growth and angiogenesis in a xenograft model. Citation Format: Zhijun Guo, Beverly Norris, Jonathan Henriksen, Monique Morgan, Michael Maher, Robert Schumacher, Robin Bliss, Haitao Chu, Kalpna Gupta, Stephen Schmechel, David Potter. CYP3A4 promotes mammary carcinoma angiogenesis in a cell iIntrinsic fashion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 82. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-82
Effects of Aortic Insufficiency on Circulatory Dynamics of the Dog
Authors: JAMES W. WEST, HERBERT WENDEL, ELWOOD L. FOLTZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

In dogs with chronic aortic insufficiency accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy, the coronary blood flow, cardiac oxygen consumption, coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference, coronary oxygen utilization, systolic pressure and cardiac rate are increased significantly above the normals, while coronary venous oxygen saturation, coronary resistance and diastolic pressure are significantly decreased.
A novel strategy to tag matrix metalloproteinases-positive cells for in vivo imaging of invasive and metastatic activity of tumor cells
Authors: Tao Zhao, Hiroshi Harada, Yuji Teramura, Shotaro Tanaka, Satoshi Itasaka, Akiyo Morinibu, Kazumi Shinomiya, Yuxi Zhu, Hirofumi Hanaoka, Hiroo Iwata, Hideo Saji, Masahiro Hiraoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Gold-Leaf Treatment of Ischemic Skin Ulcers
Authors: Marion Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1966)

On 13 patients, 22 ischemic skin ulcers which had resisted a variety of therapeutic agents were treated with ordinary gold leaf. Three coexisting lesions served as controls. After initial cleansing and debridement, the ulcers were wetted with 95% alcohol, covered with four to eight layers of gold leaf, and protective dressings were applied; this procedure was repeated every 48 hours. A venous-stasis lesion decreased in size 86% in one month, and a diabetic ulcer showed 44% improvement in 11 days. Twenty decubitus ulcers decreased an average of 62%, and three coexisting control ulcers increased in size an average of 96%. Deterrents to successful treatment include a hemoglobin value below 12 gm/100 cc, excessive friction, undermining of ulcer edges, ringing of the lesion with scar tissue, and copious purulent discharge. No adverse reactions to gold leaf were observed.
Starting date of house officer posts
Authors: A Kaiser
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Sen's editorial,' may well be due to tuberculosis; rates there now are comparable with those in the United Kingdom during part of the last century.Tuberculosis is, to a great extent, a disease of social deprivation, and thus Sen's point is valid.For some reason, however, young females have a higher mortality from tuberculosis than their male peers; this phenomenon is not yet understood and may account for at least some of Sen's missing women.
High-intensity focused ultrasound liver destruction through the gastric wall under endoscopic ultrasound control: first experience in living pigs
Authors: M. Pioche, C. Lafon, E. Constanciel, A. Vignot, A. Birer, R. Gincul, V. Lépilliez, F. Prat, S. Roman, J.-Y. Chapelon, J. Saurin, T. Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) was first developed to ablate prostatic tissue [1]. The ultrasound beam is focused at the focal point of the transducer and the energy concentration produces tissue necrosis [2]. HIFU has also been used to ablate metastases on the surface of the liver either surgically or via the transcutaneous approach [3] [4]. However, beam reflection on gastric gas has produced necrosis of the interposed abdominal wall [5]. An endoscopic device is potentially valuable in treating tumors localized near to the gastric lumen without the difficulties of gas interposition. We developed an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) HIFU device. We report the first experience of the use of HIFU to treat lesions completely endoscopically under EUS control.
Prostaglandin control of the renal circulation in response to hypoxemia in the fetal lamb in utero.
Authors: R W Millard, H Baig, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied the effects of 10-minute periods of hypoxemia in unanesthetized fetal lambs in utero instrumented for measurements of arterial pressure and renal and iliac blood flows. Fetal hypoxemia, induced by delivering a hypoxic gas mixture to the ewe, was characterized by a reduction in fetal PaO2 from 20.1 +/- 1.4 to 8.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg (mean +/- SE). The fetus responded with bradycardia and persistent vasoconstriction in the iliac bed throughout the 10-minute period. In contrast, renal resistance rose significantly only at the end of the hypoxemic period. After 5-7 minutes of hypoxemia, when iliac flow had fallen by 40 +/- 4% and iliac resistance had risen by 86 +/- 13%, renal flow and resistance were not changed significantly from control; in fact, we found that renal flow rose substantially at this time in several fetal lambs. After blockade of prostaglandin synthesis with either indomethacin or meclofenamate, renal flow fell after 5-7 minutes of hypoxemia by 36 +/- 5%. The reduction in renal flow and increases in renal resistance were significantly greater than was observed prior to blockade of prostaglandin synthesis. Thus, fetal hypoxemia elicits bradycardia and intense peripheral vasoconstriction reflected by the changes in the iliac bed, with relative sparing of the reanl bed. The relative protection of the renal bed during fetal hypoxemia appears to be related to a mechanism involving prostaglandins, since after blockade of prostaglandin synthesis, hypoxemia results in intense renal vasoconstriction.
TCTAP A-105 Comparison on Vascular Response Between Bare-metal Nitinol Stent Implantation and Paclitaxel-eluting Nitinol Stent Implantation in the Superficial Femoral Artery Lesion Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Kojiro Miki, Kenichi Fujii, Masashi Fukunaga, Masashi Nishimura, Tetsuo Horimatsu, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Carys Margaret Bannister
Authors: J. Miyan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Carys Margaret Bannister was born in Recife, Brazil, in 1935. She was the daughter of an engineer in the Great Western Brazilian Railway, the son of a vicar from Oswestry. He met Carys’s mother-to-be on a golf course in Wales being taught by his own brother. Carys’s elder sister was born in Aberystwyth and moved to Brazil with her parents when she was 2. The sisters were taught at home by their mother in Recife until the family moved to Sao Paulo, where they were taught by the wife of a Methodist minister. When the family again moved to Rio de Janeiro the girls attended an American graded school. On her father taking an appointment out in the Brazilian country, the sisters were shipped back to Surrey, England, to continue their education.

Carys attended a girls’ boarding school in Bramley, near Guildford, as a day girl. With extra lessons and hard work she successfully caught up with the other pupils and completed her O levels. Voicing a wish to become a doctor, she was told by her mother that was “not at all ladylike.” She kept to her ambition, moving to Guildford County Technical College to study the sciences. Although Carys was invited to interviews at a few medical schools in London, she was not offered a place. She maintained her ambition, and, on the advice of her head of science, she also studied for a state scholarship, which she won. With the scholarship in her hand she found herself more successful in her applications and finally took a place at Charing Cross Medical School. This was in 1953 and was quite an achievement for a woman let alone one with the somewhat fragmented educational background that Carys had.

She graduated with honours in surgery in 1958 and …
A NEW RETENTION CATHETER AND STILET
Authors: Wilford A. H. Councill
Journal: JAMA (1928)

For a number of years I have keenly felt the need of a retention catheter which will combine the requisite features of (1) easy and safe insertion in the most difficult cases, and (2) positive retention of the catheter without the unpleasant circumstances usually found in our present methods. There have been various types of catheters devised which serve their purpose very well in the usual run of cases, but unfortunately certain pathologic conditions at times present themselves, making the insertion very difficult and sometimes impossible. Especially is this true in contracture of the vesical orifice when dealing with carcinoma, rupture of the urethra and some benign prostatic hypertrophies. Heretofore the greatest aid that we have had for the introduction of a catheter has been the stilet, but this has not proved to be entirely satisfactory. Occasionally we come in contact with cases in which passage even with this aid is impossible