tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
X-Raying the Pharaohs
Authors: Guenter B. Risse
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Dubbed "the most important breakthrough in Egyptology since the discovery of Tutankhamen's tomb," this book about a roentgenological survey of the royal mummies is a great disappointment. Even allowing for the fact that the publication is directed to a general audience, its authors, an orthodontist and an Egyptologist, have not been able to present their meager findings clearly. The entire project was carried out by a group from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry interested in the evolution of human dentition, who began examining a sample of Nubian mummies in 1965. Although sponsored by grants from the Smithsonian Institution, the National Institutes of Health, and the American Research Center in Egypt, Dr. Harris and his group never published preliminary, more technical reports of their work. This popular account contains a description of the survey and the techniques employed, but barely covers the first 15 pages of the entire book.
TRANCE, a Tumor Necrosis Factor Family Member Critical for CD40 Ligand–independent T Helper Cell Activation
Authors: Martin F. Bachmann, Brian R. Wong, Régis Josien, Ralph M. Steinman, Annette Oxenius, Yongwon Choi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

CD40 ligand (CD40L), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family member, plays a critical role in antigen-specific T cell responses in vivo. CD40L expressed on activated CD4+ T cells stimulates antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, resulting in the upregulation of costimulatory molecules and the production of various inflammatory cytokines required for CD4+ T cell priming in vivo. However, CD40L- or CD40-deficient mice challenged with viruses mount protective CD4+ T cell responses that produce normal levels of interferon γ, suggesting a CD40L/CD40-independent mechanism of CD4+ T cell priming that to date has not been elucidated. Here we show that CD4+ T cell responses to viral infection were greatly diminished in CD40-deficient mice by administration of a soluble form of TNF-related activation-induced cytokine receptor (TRANCE-R) to inhibit the function of another TNF family member, TRANCE. Thus, the TRANCE/TRANCE-R interaction provides costimulation required for efficient CD4+ T cell priming during viral infection in the absence of CD40L/CD40. These results also indicate that not even the potent inflammatory microenvironment induced by viral infections is sufficient to elicit efficient CD4+ T cell priming without proper costimulation provided by the TNF family (CD40L or TRANCE). Moreover, the data suggest that TRANCE/TRANCE-R may be a novel and important target for immune intervention.
Retrospective Analysis of Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus in Black Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Nabil B Sumrani, Vera Delaney, Paula Daskalakis, Robert Davis, Eli A Friedman, Joon H Hong, Bruce G Sommer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To study the incidence, outcome, and possible etiopathogenic factors involved in posttransplantation diabetes mellitus in cyclosporine-treated black renal allograft recipients. Research Design and Methods One hundred thirty-eight nondiabetic black renal transplant recipients whose grafts survived &amp;gt; 1 yr were studied retrospectively. Results Twenty-eight (20.3%) patients developed posttransplantation diabetes mellitus, 46 and 75% were diagnosed by 6- and 12-mo posttransplantation, respectively, and 46% were insulin dependent. Diabetes was more frequently encountered in older recipients and recipients of cadaveric kidneys but was independent of sex, number of transplants, incidence of acute rejection, percentage of body weight gain, steroid or cyclosporine dose, and use of beta-blockers and/or diuretics. Renal function was similar in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Actuarial 5-yr graft survival was 82% in the diabetic cohort compared with 78% in the control group, with chronic rejection accounting for all graft losses within the diabetic group. Conclusions Twenty percent of black cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients developed diabetes mellitus in the posttransplantation period. However, its presence did not appear to influence intermediate-term graft or patient survival.
Prognosis After Rectal Cancer in Blacks and Whites Participating in Adjuvant Therapy Randomized Trials
Authors: James J. Dignam, Yunrong Ye, Linda Colangelo, Roy Smith, Eleftherios P. Mamounas, H. Samuel Wieand, Norman Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

National health statistics indicate that blacks have lower survival rates from colorectal cancer than do whites. This disparity has been attributed to differences in stage at diagnosis and other disease features, extent and quality of treatment, and socioeconomic factors. We evaluated outcomes for blacks and whites with rectal cancer who participated in randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). The randomized trial setting enhances uniformity in disease stage and treatment plan among all participants.The study included black (N = 104) or white (N = 1,070) patients from two serially conducted NSABP randomized trials for operable rectal cancer. Recurrence-free survival and survival were compared using statistical modeling to account for differences in patient and disease characteristics between the groups.Blacks and whites had largely similar disease features at diagnosis. After adjustment for patient and tumor prognostic covariates, the black/white recurrence hazard ratio (HR) was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.66). The mortality HR was somewhat larger at 1.45 (95% CI = 1.09 to 1.93). Outcomes were improved for both groups in the more recent trial, which employed systemic adjuvant chemotherapy in all treatment arms.Recurrence-free survival was modestly less favorable for blacks, whereas overall survival was more disparate. Outcomes between groups were more comparable than those noted in national health statistics surveys and other studies. Adequate treatment access and the identification of new prognostic factors that can identify patients at high risk of recurrence are needed to ensure optimal outcomes for rectal cancer patients of all racial/ethnic backgrounds.
Disease perception and social behaviour in persistent rhinitis: a comparison between patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis
Authors: O. Rydén, B. Andersson, M. Andersson
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Although the understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacology of rhinitis has increased within recent years, few studies have examined the impact of rhinitis on patients’ behaviour. Aim: To compare perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) and perennial nonallergic rhinitis (PNR) in terms of patients’ perception of their disease and its psychosocial concomitants. Methods: Thirty‐one PAR patients and 32 PNR patients responded to a standard symptom list and were interviewed in‐depth regarding their complaints and the impact of rhinitis on their daily lives. Results: PAR and PNR patients reported similar somatic and psychosocial complaints. In both disease groups the adverse effects of rhinitis were reported to be substantially limiting, particularly in social contacts, the impact appearing to be more severe in the women. Conclusion: Rhinitis has a severe impact on the daily lives of patients, women reporting more severe psychosocial effects. Disease perception and social adjustment appear to not depend appreciably on whether or not an objective diagnosis of rhinitis can be established.
Distinct Subpopulations of Head and Neck Cancer Cells with Different Levels of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Exhibit Diverse Stemness, Proliferation, and Chemosensitivity
Authors: Ching-Wen Chang, Yu-Syuan Chen, Shiu-Huey Chou, Chia-Li Han, Yu-Ju Chen, Cheng-Chieh Yang, Chih-Yang Huang, Jeng-Fan Lo
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is driven by cancer-initiating cells (CIC), but their maintenance mechanisms are obscure. For hematopoietic stem cells, low levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS(Low)) is known to help sustain stemness properties. In this report, we evaluated the hypothesis that ROS(Low) character conferred CIC properties in HNSCC. Sphere cultures define CIC in HNSCC cell populations (HN-CIC). We found that ROS(Low) cells in HN-CIC defined in this manner were more numerous than in parental HNSCC cells. Further, ROS(Low) cells frequently coexpressed CIC surface markers such as memGrp78 and Glut3. Exploiting flow cytometry to sort cells on the basis of their ROS level, we found that isolated ROS(Low) cells displayed relatively more CIC properties, including quiescence, chemoresistance, in vitro malignant properties, and tumorigenicity. Pharmacological depletion of ROS modulators in cisplatin-treated HN-CIC reduced CIC properties, enhancing cell differentiation and enhancing cisplatin-induced cell death. Overall, our work defined cell subpopulations in HNSCC on the basis of differential intracellular ROS levels, which associated with stemness and chemoresistance properties. On the basis of our findings, we suggest that strategies to promote intracellular ROS levels may heighten the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy used for HNSCC treatment.
Recognizing the Public Health Impact of Genocide
Authors: Brian M. Willis
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EGFR Gene Alterations in a Norwegian Cohort of Lung Cancer Patients Selected for Surgery
Authors: Åslaug Helland, Hege Marian Skaug, Lilach Kleinberg, Marius Lund Iversen, Ane Kongsgaard Rud, Thomas Fleischer, Camilla Sagerup, Steinar Solberg, Lars Jørgensen, Sarah Ariansen, Odd Terje Brustugun
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Assessment of the Interplay between Blood and Skin Vascular Abnormalities in Adult Purpura Fulminans
Authors: Nicolas Lerolle, Agnes Carlotti, Keira Melican, Flore Aubey, Marc Pierrot, Jean-Luc Diehl, Vincent Caille, Guillaume Hékimian, Sophie Gandrille, Chantal Mandet, Patrick Bruneval, Guillaume Dumenil, Delphine Borgel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Purpura fulminans in adults is a rare but devastating disease. Its pathophysiology is not well known.To understand the pathophysiology of skin lesions in purpura fulminans, the interplay between circulating blood and vascular alterations was assessed.Prospective multicenter study in four intensive care units. Patients with severe sepsis without skin lesions were recruited as control subjects.Twenty patients with severe sepsis and purpura fulminans were recruited for blood sampling, and skin biopsy was performed in deceased patients. High severity of disease and mortality rates (80%) was observed. Skin biopsies in purpura fulminans lesions revealed thrombosis and extensive vascular damage: vascular congestion and dilation, endothelial necrosis, alteration of markers of endothelial integrity (CD31) and of the protein C pathway receptors (endothelial protein C receptor, thrombomodulin). Elevated plasminogen activating inhibitor-1 mRNA was also observed. Comparison with control patients showed that these lesions were specific to purpura fulminans. By contrast, no difference was observed for blood hemostasis parameters, including soluble thrombomodulin, activated protein C, and disseminated intravascular coagulation markers. Bacterial presence at the vascular wall was observed specifically in areas of vascular damage in eight of nine patients tested (including patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection).Thrombi and extensive vascular damage with multifaceted prothrombotic local imbalance are characteristics of purpura fulminans. A "vascular wall infection" hypothesis, responsible for endothelial damage and subsequent skin lesions, can be put forward.
Monoclonal antibodies to human erythrocyte membrane Ca++-Mg++ adenosine triphosphatase pump recognize an epitope in the basolateral membrane of human kidney distal tubule cells.
Authors: J L Borke, J Minami, A Verma, J T Penniston, R Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Human calcium transporting tissues were examined to determine whether they contained a protein similar to the Ca++-Mg++ adenosine triphosphatase (Ca++-Mg++ATPase) pump of the human erythrocyte membrane. Tissues were processed for immunoperoxidase staining using monoclonal antibodies against purified Ca++-Mg++ATPase. In human kidneys, specific staining was found only along the basolateral membrane of the distal convoluted tubules. Glomeruli and other segments of the nephron did not stain. Staining of erythrocytes in human spleen was readily observed. Human small intestine, human parathyroid, and human liver showed no antigens that crossreacted with the antibodies to Ca++-Mg++ATPase. Specific staining of distal tubule basolateral membranes from the kidney of a chimpanzee was also noted. Our experiments show, for the first time, that basolateral membranes of the human distal convoluted tubule contain a protein that is immunologically similar to the human erythrocyte Ca++-Mg++ATPase. These observations suggest that the cells of the distal convoluted tubules of human kidney may have a calcium pump similar to that of human erythrocyte membranes.
CULTURES FROM THE BLOOD In SEPTICÆMIA, PNEUMONIA, MENINGITIS AND CHRONIC DISEASES
Authors: Franklin Warren White
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1899)

OUR CONCLUSIONS FROM THE LITERATURE AND OUR OWN EXPERIMENTS MAY BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: I. Blood for bacteriological examination during life should be taken directly from the veins and in considerable quantity. II. Resorption of toxines is the most important feature in cases of sepsis; pyogenie bacteria invade the general circulation in a rather small proportion even of severe eases, and, as a rule, late in the course of the disease. III. A general infection by the pnenmococcus can be demonstrated occasionally in the late stages of acute lobar pneumonia. IV. The value of blood cultures as a means of diagnosis in obscure cases of sepsis is limited by the fact that invasion of the blood by the specific organism cannot be demonstrated during life in the majority of cases. Positive cultures are very valuable; negative cultures do not exclude local septic infections. V. The detection of specific bacteria in the blood of cases of sepsis and of pneumonia gives a very unfavorable prognosis in most cases. VI. General terminal infections with pyogenic cocci occasionally occur as an immediate cause of death in chronic disease. Local infections processes play this part more frequently. VII. As far as our experiments have shown, invasion of the blood by bacteria during the death agony, with subsequent distribution of the genus to the organs by the circulation, is a rather uncommon occurrence. VIII. Owing to the relative infrequency of agonal invasion, we believe that in the majority of cases where the autopsy is performed promptly after death, the bacteria which are found in the organs succeeded in reaching these organs previously to the death agony, and are associated with the course of the disease. IX. The presence of bacteria in the organs of late autopsies is due in many cases to post-mortem extension from one organ to another, and in some cases to the post-mortem growth of small numbers of genus which were distributed to the organs by means of the circulation.
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Frank T. Downey, Howard B. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE annual meeting of the Council was called to order by the President, Dr. Daniel B. Reardon, on Monday, May 23, 1949, at 7:00 p.m., in the Ballroom of the Sheraton Hotel, Worcester.Two hundred and three councilors were present (Appendix No. 1).After opening the meeting, the President read the following obituary:John Hughes — Dr. John Hughes, associate medical examiner and a practicing physician and surgeon in Pittsfield for twenty-five years, died suddenly on February 12 in Bristol, Rhode Island, where he was visiting his mother, who was seriously ill. He was sixty-six years old.A native of . . .
795–4 Determination of Flow Rate and Orifice Area in Mitral Stenosis by Doppler Color Flow Imaging: Quantitative Application of Centerline Velocity/Distance Function of Proximal Flow Field
Authors: Shuping Ge, Michael Jones, Takahiro Shiota, Izumi Yamada, Lilliam Valdes-Cruz, Robin Shandas, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Hepatic Interleukin-7 Expression Regulates T Cell Responses
Authors: Yukihisa Sawa, Yasunobu Arima, Hideki Ogura, Chika Kitabayashi, Jing-Jing Jiang, Toru Fukushima, Daisuke Kamimura, Toshio Hirano, Masaaki Murakami
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Isozyme specific modification of myosin ATPase by cAMP in rat heart.
Authors: S Winegrad, A Weisberg
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The total ATPase activity of myosin and the values for the isozyme V1 have been measured in hearts from rats of different ages and with different levels of thyroid function. The contribution of V3 was calculated from the difference between total and V1 ATPase, neglecting the small contribution of V2. Hearts were quickly frozen after rapid removal from the animals in order to preserve the state of ATPase activity that existed in the intact animal, and ATPase activity was measured in thin sections of tissue by a microphotometric technique. In euthyroid hearts, although cAMP increases total myosin ATPase activity and the activity of V1, the cyclic nucleotide inhibits the ATPase activity of V3. In hearts from rats with developing hypothyroidism following thyroidectomy, the same occurs. After a sufficient period has elapsed after thyroidectomy for V1 to have practically disappeared, cAMP has no effect on ATPase activity, but the injection of thyroid hormone restores the effect. Total myosin ATPase activity is maintained relatively constant as the animal ages from 80 to 165 days and during the first 10-11 days following thyroidectomy even though the concentration of V1 is dropping. The explanation proposed for these observations is that myosin can exist in two different forms, only one of which can participate in the active generation of force. The transition between the two forms is regulated by a soluble factor that is itself controlled by the adrenergic system. The factor(s) involved in this regulatory mechanism is soluble and can be transferred between different thin sections cut from a frozen heart.
Treatment of oesophageal cancer
Authors: K C McKeown
Journal: BMJ (1984)

educating patients who have been pertubated.Finally, the cooperation of interested local general practitioners, whose skills in domiciliary terminal care are keenly appreciated, is fundamental.That teamwork and adequate endoscopic resources are essential in treating this challenging malignancy is obvious from our results and those of other gastroenterologists.I VISWANATH
Characterization of Antihypertensive Therapy by Whole-Day Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Michael A. Weber
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Whole-day ambulatory monitoring is used for diagnosing hypertension and for judging response to treatment. We evaluated both of these properties in an antihypertensive trial with the calcium channel blocker diltiazem hydrochloride. Measured by a conventional sphygmomanometer, systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell significantly in patients who received diltiazem, whereas no consistent changes occurred in those who received placebo. Administration of the drug also decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures evenly throughout the day, as determined by automated monitoring. The 15 diltiazem-treated patients were subdivided into those whose clinically diagnosed hypertension was confirmed by pretreatment blood pressure monitoring (24-hour average diastolic blood pressure, greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg; n = 9) and those whose 24-hour blood pressures failed to meet this criterion (n = 6). Diltiazem therapy decreased average whole-day blood pressures by 18/13 mm Hg in the hypertensives but by only 0/1 mm Hg in the others. Thus, whole-day blood pressure monitoring strengthens antihypertensive trials by documenting efficacy and duration of treatment. In addition, it enhances the diagnosis of hypertension, thereby identifying those patients in whom treatment seems justified.
Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Ira M. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Continuing to use as contributors present and previous members of the faculty of the University of Colorado, Kempe and his colleagues have prepared a seventh edition of this book on diagnosis and treatment in pediatrics. To curtail expansion of the book, the authors have made more extensive use of carefully selected recent references. Reflecting major advances in certain areas, extensive revisions have been made in the sections on infections, allergic disorders, immunology, neonatology, learning disorders, and genetics. There are 38 chapters in the book that cover not only standard pediatric areas but also dermatologic, ophthalmologic, otolaryngologic, dental, psychologic, psychiatric, and orthopedic problems. There are also chapters on therapeutic procedures, drug therapy, and interpretation of biochemical values. The chapter by Rumack on poisoning is an excellent introduction to diagnosis and treatment of these problems. There are numerous highly useful simple illustrations and tables. The soft cover is sturdy and aids in reducing
STUDIES ON A PARATYPHOID INFECTION IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

The spontaneous appearance of a second paratyphoid infection in a guinea pig population during the endemic stage of an earlier epidemic is reported. A comparative study of the gross pathology of the two infections indicated a difference in the loci of development of the respective organisms in the animal host. The two types were readily differentiated by direct agglutination with specific immune serums. From its agglutinative affinities the second organism was judged to be an aertrycke type of B. paratyphi.
High prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Alain Cohen‐Solal, Thibaud Damy, Mohamed Terbah, Sébastien Kerebel, Jean‐Philippe Baguet, Olivier Hanon, Faiez Zannad, Thierry Laperche, Christophe Leclercq, Victor Concas, Ladan Duvillié, Bernadette Darné, Stefan Anker, Alexandre Mebazaa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)
Regional left ventricular diastolic dysfunction evaluated by tissue Doppler imaging as an earlier signal of myocardial ischemia. Experimental study of induced ischemia and reperfusion in pigs
Authors: Miguel Garcia-Fernandez, José Azevedo, Pablo Puerta, Mar Moreno, Daniel SanRoman, Esteban Torrecilla, Esteban Lopez de Sa, Jose Vallejo, JuanLuis Delcan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)