tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
America's Health in the Balance: Choice or Chance?
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

During the last few years, several books have appeared describing what is wrong with the American health services and prescribing solutions. This is one of the better ones in its scope and in the broad experience of the author. It is written with the passion of a concerned physician with relevant supporting data. The book is a sophisticated polemic. Any criticism of it would seem to be chary. The author has impressive credentials. He is a nationally known physician and statesman of medicine, a professor at the Harvard Medical School and the Harvard School of Public Health. He writes from the perspective of a practicing physician, medical researcher, and policy analyst. He paints the usual picture: The United States ranks 17th among the developed nations in infant mortality. In 15 countries, life expectancy is equal to or greater than that in the United States. Thirty-seven million Americans, 15% of the
A Case of Cystic Hygroma
Authors: H. E. Thorn
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Technique., The routine adopted for patients with previously normal or only slightly irregular menstrual histories consisted of one intramuscular injection of 1 mg. of prostigmin on three successive days, this treatment being discontinued if after the first or second injection the menstrual flow was restored.With the ex- ception of two cases which failed to respond, the longest interval between the last injection and the onset of menstruation was about 72 hours.These periods were normal in quantity and duration, and in two cases biopsy proved the flow to be of a truly menstrual character.Table of Resuilts Greup No. of Cases Bleeding Occurred 30 Nil 2 324 82 8%4 3 ~~~~~36 94-5Y4 Control .. 10 Nil Group 1: Pregnant patients.Group 2: Poorly selected cases; i-mg.doses of prostigmin injected, only occasionally 1 mg.Group 3: Properly selected cases; I-mg.doses given from the beginning.Controls: Out of Groups 2 and 3; sterile water injected.Illustratis'e Case.-A 2-para.Has always had regular periods, and presented herself in March and April with a delay of three days each time.She was treated with prostigmin.After one injection of 1 mg. on each occasion a normal period started.In August she had a delay of 8 days.Two fuli courses of prostigmin at an interval of 8 days had no effect.An A.-Z. test was returned positive, and later the pregnancy was confirmed.clinically.
Therapeutic Implications of the Intestinal Microflora
Authors: Philip R. Steinmetz, Christine Balko, Peter Goldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

IN current usage, "therapeutics" generally indicates the administration of drugs for the purpose of treating or curing disease. Hence, it seems reasonable to begin a discussion of therapeutic implications of the intestinal flora with examples of drugs whose mode of action may be influenced by the intestinal flora, with, later, speculation on future applications of the intestinal flora in various therapeutic situations.Intestinal Flora and Distribution of Salicylazosulfapyridine and Its MetabolitesThe intestinal flora seems to have an important role in the metabolism of salicylazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine), a drug regarded as effective therapy in ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory diseases of . . .
Over-the-scope clip-assisted method for resection of full-thickness submucosal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Shabnam Sarker, Juan Gutierrez, Leona Council, Jason Brazelton, Kondal Kyanam Kabir Baig, Klaus Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The over-the-scope clip (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) is deployed after suctioning tissue into the cap. The tissue may then be resected endoscopically. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the OTSC for the endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a retrospective, observational cohort study of patients undergoing endoscopic resection of submucosal lesions. <b>Results:</b> Eight patients underwent endoscopic resection of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the duodenum (n = 4), rectum (n = 1), or stomach (n = 2), or granular cell tumor (GCT) of the esophagus (n = 1). The mean size of the lesions was 13.4 mm (range 9 – 20 mm). Application of the clip was successful in all patients. A successful endoscopic resection was accomplished in all. A complete resection (R0) was accomplished in 7/8 patients (87.5 %). A full-thickness resection was achieved in 2/8 (25.0 %), one in a patient with a gastric NET and the other in a patient with GCT of the esophagus. There were no complications. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case series suggests that the OTSC system may be a valuable tool for the resection of submucosal lesions, but further prospective and randomized studies are necessary to assess the indications and outcome.
Skin testing and drug provocation in the diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to aminopenicillins in children
Authors: N. Blanca‐López, L. Zapatero, E. Alonso, M. J. Torres, V. Fuentes, M. I. Martínez‐Molero, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Nonimmediate allergic reactions (NIR) to aminopenicillin include several entities, the most common of which are urticaria-like and maculopapular exanthemas.To evaluate a group of children who developed one or more episodes of skin reactions suggestive of NIR after aminopenicillin administration.The inclusion criteria required negative immediate skin tests and absence of specific IgE antibodies to different penicillins. Intradermal and patch tests were carried out with delayed readings and, if negative, a drug-provocation test including a full therapeutic course of the drug was given. Two different groups were compared: A) children with positive skin testing or a positive drug-provocation test and B) children with negative skin testing and good tolerance after a drug-provocation test.Group A was composed of 20 patients. Positive intradermal/patch tests were found in one patient and in the remaining 19, a positive response to a drug-provocation test confirmed the diagnosis. Group B (the control group) consisted of 19 patients with similar symptoms after aminopenicillin intake but good tolerance. No differences in age, dose or number of previous treatments were observed between the groups. The clinical entities were also similar in both groups.Reproducible nonimmediate skin reactions to aminopenicillins may occur in children in spite of negative skin testing. The value of this diagnostic procedure seems to be limited in this type of reaction, with drug-provocation tests (DPT) being a reasonable and safe alternative if the diagnosis has to be confirmed.
Abstract 5654: Novel changes in colonic epithelial junctional complexes precede onset of colitis in response to <i>Citrobacter rodentium</i> infection
Authors: Ishfaq Ahmed, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Shahid Umar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Activation of β-catenin is recognized as a critical early factor in tumorigenesis. Citrobacter rodentium (CR) induces transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (TMCH) and variable degrees of inflammation and necrosis depending upon the genetic background. Utilizing the CR-induced hyperplasia and/or inflammation in C3H/HeNHsd (C3H) inbred mice, we observed a dual phase wherein initially, an increase in proliferation at days 5 and 7 was followed by development of colitis at day 9 of TMCH. When sequential changes in proteins involved in adherens and tight junctions were analyzed in isolated colonic crypts, increasing levels of β-catenin, ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-2 were measured in TritonX100-soluble fraction at days 5 and 7 of TMCH, while E-cadherin and claudin-5 were mainly present in TritonX100-insoluble (cytoskeletal) pool. Interestingly, the cytoskeletal pools exhibited extensive degradation of β-catenin/E-cadherin/ZO-1 and ZO-2 but not of claudin-5 at days 5 and 7 of TMCH and preceded active colitis at day 9. Immunohistochemically, almost complete loss of membrane-bound β-catenin/E-cadherin and ZO-2 was recorded between 9 and 11 days post-infection. However, changes in permeability, as measured by increases in serum FITC-dextran levels, increased significantly at days 5 and 7 and peaked between day 9 and 11 post-infection paralleling bacterial dissemination to spleen and liver at these time points. Mechanistically, β-catenin translocated to the nucleus, interacted with increasing levels of T-cell factor-4 and upregulated downstream targets, cyclinD1 and c-myc thereby promoting crypt hyperplasia at days 5 and 7 of TMCH. When CR-infected mice were placed on: 6% pectin (source of colonic butyrate), 4% curcumin and 4% bael extract diets for 9 days starting 2 days post-CR infection, all three dietary interventions: i) reduced the morbidity and mortality of CR-infected C3H mice, ii) restored the junctional labeling of β-catenin/E-cadherin and ZO-2, iii) blocked increases in colonic permeability thereby preventing bacterial dissemination to distant organs and finally, iv) promoted β-catenin-independent increases in colonic crypt proliferation as was revealed by increased Ki-67 labeling. Thus, i) fragmentation of β-catenin/E-cadherin/ZO-1 and ZO-2 precedes loss of barrier function and onset of colitis and, ii) epithelial hyperproliferation in response to dietary interventions may facilitate epithelial recovery following inflammatory insult but may also promote mucosal priming for neoplasia. TMCH model therefore provides an excellent tool to separate the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary ingredients from pro-proliferatory functions in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5654.
Abstract 3361: Immunohistochemical analysis of CD133/44 expression in surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Takako Eguchi Nakajima, Hiroshi Yoshida, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Kenkichi Masutomi, Tadakazu Shimoda, Yasuhide Yamada
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract PURPOSE: Both CD133 and CD44 have been reported as putative markers for cancer-initiating cell in various malignancies such as colon, prostate and pancreatic cancers. No immunohistochemical analysis correlated with clinicopathological outcome have been reported in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. We evaluated the values of CD133/44 as markers for prognosis and chemoresistance in the patients with esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of CD133/44 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in a series of 58 surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: 2 courses of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Immunopositive cells were counted from 10 fields in the representative section and expressed as a percentage. The specimen with necrosis or disappearance of the tumor cells in more than 1/3 of the whole lesion was determined as positive histological response specimen. RESULTS: CD133 expression (positive cells: 0% &amp;lt;) was detected in 47 of 58 patients (81%). Overall survival of the CD133 positive patients was significantly poorer than CD133 negative patients (3-year survival: 43% vs 91%, P=0.012). Disease free survival of the CD133 positive patients was also significantly poorer than CD133 negative patients (3-year relapse free survival: 31% vs 73%, P=0.031). Histological response rate in the CD133 positive patients was significantly lower than that in the CD133 negative patients (17% vs 64%, P=0.004). CD44 expression was detected in all patients, and the rate of positive cells in each tumor was 100% in all patients. CONCLUSION: CD133 expression can be a prognostic marker and also a marker for chemoresistance of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. CD44 expression is not a marker for any clinicopathological outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3361.
EFFECT OF PERTUSSIS ON THE HEART
Authors: PAUL V. LEDBETTER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Heart disease, as evidenced in particular by valvular deformity, is occasionally found in young people without a history of  fever, chorea, repeated tonsillitis, scarlet fever or diphtheria, and in whom physical examination fails to show evidence of congenital defects of the heart or great vessels. Generally, such patients show disease of the mitral or the aortic valves or of both, similar to that found after  fever or chorea. Even in the absence of a past history of such infections, it is the custom of many of us now to diagnose these cases etiologically as rheumatic in type. Sometimes it is possible by diligent questioning to discover that there was a probable  infection in childhood, often so mild that it may have been overlooked and labeled simply as growing pains; or a mild chorea may have been called nervousness or nervous prostration; or badly infected tonsils, whether enlarged
Doxorubicin in Disseminated
Authors: Engracio P. Cortes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) is a new cytotoxic antibiotic with antitumor activity in a variety of neoplasms in man. Thirteen patients with pulmonary metastases from osteogenic sarcoma were given adriamycin at a dose ranging from 17.5 to 35 mg/sq m of body surface area daily for three or four days, repeated at monthly intervals. Of these, one patient had complete remission; three, partial remissions; and one improvement by 25% tumor regression was also obtained. Toxic manifestations of adriamycin administration were pancytopenia, capital alopecia and hair loss from other parts of the body, stomatitis, and nausea and vomiting. Adriamycin appears to be effective therapy for disseminated osteogenic sarcoma, and the toxic reactions from its administration do not preclude the practical application of the drug in the treatment of this usually fatal neoplasm.
Abstract 3729: Targeting breast cancer stem cells via oxidative stress with inhibitors of hydroperoxide metabolism and decyl-triphenylphosphonium.
Authors: Sarah J. Conley, Trenton Baker, Rebecca Theisen, Elizabeth Gheordunescu, Yueming Zhu, Nukhet Aykin-Burns, Melissa Fath, Douglas Spitz, Max Wicha
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit lower intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels than non-CSCs, which may be due to the increased expression of free radical scavenging systems. Exogenous agents may be useful to increase ROS and selectively kill CSCs by oxidative stress. Here we tested a combination approach to increase ROS as an effective strategy to eradicate breast CSCs and metastases. Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and auranofin (AU) were used to deplete glutathione (GSH) and inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TR), respectively, while mitochondrial-targeted decyltriphenylphosphonium (dTPP) was used to elevate ROS levels. In vitro clonogenicity assays using SUM159 cells showed that treatment with dTPP alone resulted in &amp;lt;30% survival, while AU+BSO, BSO+dTPP and AU+BSO+dTPP all resulted in &amp;lt;1% survival. These effects were reversible with N-acetylcysteine pre-treatment. The Aldefluor+ (CSC) population was also measured following drug treatment in vitro. dTPP or AU treatment alone resulted in &amp;lt;50% of CSCs remaining, while BSO+AU or BSO+dTPP resulted in &amp;lt;25% of CSCs remaining, and treatment with all three compounds resulted in &amp;lt;1% of CSCs remaining. In a preclinical model of breast cancer metastasis, long-term adjuvant treatment with each individual compound significantly reduced the amount of metastases and increased survival, with dTPP treatment alone resulting in 100% survival rate. Interestingly, the combination of all three compounds resulted in increased metastases compared to the single agents. This may potentially be a stress-induced effect resulting from drug toxicity. In conclusion, the approach of increasing ROS in breast cancer cells may be an effective way to target CSCs and useful for adjuvant therapy to reduce metastases in patients. Citation Format: Sarah J. Conley, Trenton Baker, Rebecca Theisen, Elizabeth Gheordunescu, Yueming Zhu, Nukhet Aykin-Burns, Melissa Fath, Douglas Spitz, Max Wicha. Targeting breast cancer stem cells via oxidative stress with inhibitors of hydroperoxide metabolism and decyl-triphenylphosphonium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3729. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3729
Remarks on the Treatment of Bubonic Plague
Authors: J. Cantlie
Journal: BMJ (1897)

late of Hong Kong.AT first sight it would seem as though the treatment of plague was a subject which it is useless to discuss, as it is repeatedly stated that we have no cure for plague.We have no " cure" for many, nay, most, of our diseases; yet experience.has shown that although no specific treatment is known, still with care, judicious nursing and medical supervision, ailments, such as typhoid, cholera, and zymotic diseases generally, can be, and are, conducted to a successful termination.Much, therefore, as it is desirable to know what will "cure " the disease, it is not consistent with our behaviour in other illnesses, to stand by and wait until it is discovered what form of attenuated virus may be tried as specific remedy.Once for alllet it be understood that in no disease does one get such immediate results from careful and prompt medical treatment, and as a direct outcome of watchful nursing, as plague; and perhaps one ought to add to that, " in the case Europeans.'Natives, whether of China or India, succumb more readily to plague than Europeans.There are one or two reasons for this: I.A native seldom comes to a doctor (a European doctor most of all) until the disease is well advanced. 2. point of stamina the poorer natives are a long way below northern Europeans.3. The inherited dislike of the native for all forms of stimulants, be they medicinal or alcoholic, during illness.4. The belief of the natives in the old adage that " to starve a fever " is correct.The difference between Europeans and natives was well illustrated, during the I894 epidemic in Hong Kong, by the fact that, out of iI British patients, 9 recovered-a mortality of only 18.2 per cent.whilst the Chinese died at the rate of something 95 per cent.This favourable result cannot, however, be ascribed altogether to racial influence; it was rather due to effect that medical treatment and good nursing had upon course of the disease.The British patients were seen early in the disease.They could take, and stand, stimulants, medicinal and alcoholic, well, and the result was the satisfactory number of recoveries which took place.Even with such Asiatics as would submit to similar treatment, most markedly in the case of the Japanese doctors, were the satisfactory results of treatment during plague manifest.The attendance of the doctor must be prompt, and his treatment must be decisive.In fact, during the first five days of illness in plague the doctor must be within a few minutes' call.To each ward of a hospital a doctor should be assigned, or, if a valuable life is at stake in a private house,
Relation Between Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: Gonenc Kocabay, Can Yucel Karabay, Sedat Kalkan, Arzu Kalayci, Suleyman Cagan Efe, Taylan Akgun, Ahmet Guler, Ruken Bengi Bakkal, Onur Tasar, Alev Kilicgedik, Serdar Demir, Akin Izgi, Cevat Kirma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hyperglycemia and Diabetes in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorders
Authors: Dan Cohen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We thank Jindal and Keshavan (1) for their contribution explaining the results of our study (2), which stated that in a cross-sectional design ( n = 200), no differences in the prevalence of diabetes or hyperglycemia between typical- or atypical-treated patients were found. We would like to make two comments on this statement. First, although the muscarinic M3 receptor affinity fits well with the diabetogenic properties of …
Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure
Authors: Joseph Arends
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure" has one major shortcoming—<i>the dietary survey is unreliable</i>. Critical questions concerning cheese, cottage cheese, sauerkraut, canned fruits, frozen vegetables, and, most importantly, restaurant eating were not asked. Restaurants add large amounts of salt that go undetected. The only way to quantitate salt intake is to measure urinary sodium. Even intelligent and bright people have shallow awareness of their salt intake. The article by Hofman et al<sup>1</sup>in the same issue, which states a causal relationship between sodium and blood pressure, deals with a more controlled population (infants). For this reason the differences are evident.
Human Biologic Response Modification by Interferon in the Absence of Measurable Serum Concentrations: A Comparative Trial of Subcutaneous and Intravenous Interferon-beta serine
Authors: D. Goldstein, K. M. Sielaff, B. E. Stores, R. R. Brown, S. P. Datta, P. L. Witt, A. P. Teitelbaum, R. V. Smalley, E. C. Borden
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

The effect on a range of biologic responses of interferon-beta serine (IFN-beta ser), administered by either the sc or the iv route, was examined in 16 patients. Despite the absence of IFN in the serum of 13 of 16 patients after sc administration, biologic changes associated with IFN administration occurred. Significant increases in peripheral mononuclear cell surface proteins were evident. Monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) showed a 23% increase in mean fluorescent intensity (P = .04) and a 9% increase in percentage of positive cells (P = .02); lymphocyte OKT10 had an 11% increase in percentage of positive cells (P less than .0001) and a 26% increase in mean fluorescent intensity (P = .002). Natural killer cell activity against the Change target increased by 125% (P = .004). Intracellular activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase increased 297% at 24 hours and 226% at 48 hours (P less than .0001). Significant increases in serum concentrations of beta 2 microglobulin (24% at 24 hr and 27% at 48 hr, P less than .0001) and neopterin (85%, P = .0001 and 165%, P = .00001) were observed. These alterations after sc administration were similar quantitatively to those resulting from the same dose of IFN-beta ser given iv. Thus, serum IFN concentrations did not have to be measurable for IFN-beta ser to exert biologic activity. The different effects of two dose levels, 45 X 10(6) IU and 180 X 10(6) IU, also were compared independent of route. The higher dose resulted in greater increases over baseline of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity (344% vs. 145% at 24 hr; 231% vs. 83% at 48 hr) and serum neopterin concentrations (185% vs. 99% at 24 hr; 271% vs. 153% at 48 hr). For all the other parameters, there was no significant difference between the two doses.