tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FY1 doctors still poor in prescribing intravenous fluids
Authors: A. G. M. T. Powell, S. Paterson-Brown
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients (GIFTASUP) were developed in 2008.1 2 They provide recommendations on patient assessment and intravenous fluid prescribing in surgical patients.

We undertook a questionnaire study assessing knowledge and confidence along with the use of these guidelines in 33 foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors in their first …
Chronic Effect on Blood Pressure of Bilateral Carotid and Vertebral Ligation in the Rabbit
Authors: R. D. Lowe
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

A method is described of performing bilateral carotid ligation in the rabbit preserving the carotid sinus and the central artery of the ear. Of 26 animals prepared in this way, and 14 with bilateral vertebral ligation, none developed chronic hypertension. The development of a collateral circulation is shown by serial retinal artery pressure readings and by resin casts of cerebral vessels; neither carotid nor vertebral ligations produce any permanent ischemia in their area of supply. In 25 animals subjected to combined vertebral and carotid ligation, a marked lowering of arterial pressure in the head was obtained, but no animal developed hypertension until the carotid sinuses were subsequently denervated. It is concluded that previous workers who have reported chronic hypertension following ligation of cerebral arteries have been studying the effects of interference with buffer-nerve function.
Alkyl Mercury Poisoning in Humans
Authors: Paul E. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Three members of a family of nine that ingested mercury-contaminated pork became ill with classic symptoms of methylmercury poisoning and rapidly progressed to coma or semicomatose states. Treatment with dimercaprol (BAL in Oil) and n-acetyl-d, I-penicillamine was not associated with significant immediate clinical improvement, although both drugs appeared to increase urinary excretion of mercury. All three patients improved considerably but still remain severely impaired. A case of congenital methylmercury poisoning also resulted from the outbreak. To our knowledge, this is the first known instance in the United States of methylmercury poisoning resulting from ingestion of mercury-contaminated meat.
The Principles of Physics and Biology of Radiation Therapy.
Authors: Bernhard Kroenig, Walter Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consultant suspended after hundreds of errors
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A consultant histopathologist has been suspended pending an investigation after two of the seven British hospitals where he had worked discovered hundreds of errors in his analysis of tissue samples. A review carried out by one of the hospitals reported a total of 474 errors in samples from 428 patients during the 10 months that he worked there as a locum.

Dr Samuel Kiberu, who trained in Dar es Salaam 20 years ago, became a member of the Royal College of Pathologists in 1990 and has worked in several hospitals in Britain. His suspension from the Pilgrim Hospital in Boston, Lincolnshire, comes after the hospital received the results of an independent review of his work commissioned by another former employer, Grantham and District Hospital NHS Trust.

Dr Kiberu was employed as a locum by Grantham from November 1991 to September 1992, during which time it has emerged that he …
Transactions of the Association of American Physicians. Volume LXXIII: Seventy-third Session Held at Atlantic City, N. J., May 3 and 4, 1960
Authors: W. G. Brandstadt
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This volume contains the papers presented at the meeting of the Association of American Physicians in 1960. A wide variety of subjects is covered, and the quality of the research and writing is maintained at a high level. Anyone interested in recent advances in experimental medicine should find that at least some of the subjects touched on are of his special interest. Many of the papers are illustrated, all are accompanied by a list of references, and most are followed by a brief discussion. A complete list of members, past and present, the constitution of the organization, and the minutes of the meeting are included in the front of the book. There is an index.
Basic Sciences in Medicine: The Example of Gout
Authors: DeWitt Stetten
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

THE term "basic science" is loosely used around medical schools to cover the portion of preclinical, largely laboratory, education consuming most of the first two years of the traditional four-year curriculum and tested in Part I of the National Board Examinations. Clearly, it is implied that the sciences taught — anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, pharmacology and pathology, together with an assortment of younger academic siblings, such as molecular biology, cell biology, physical biology and genetics — are basic to something, presumably to medicine. Geophysics and astronomy, fine basic sciences in themselves, are not now judged basic to medicine. Times change, . . .
Frequent HCV reinfection and superinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users in Amsterdam
Authors: Thijs J.W. van de Laar, Richard Molenkamp, Charlotte van den Berg, Janke Schinkel, Marcel G.H.M. Beld, Maria Prins, Roel A. Coutinho, Sylvia M. Bruisten
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Maternal nutrition, breast-feeding, and contraception
Authors: D A M Gebbie
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We now have a copy of the still unpublished manuscript.We are surprised to discover that Dr Fornazzari's study, while it confirms an association between chronic heavy toluene abuse and persistent cerebral impairment, does not support as clearly as Dr King and others suggest the contention that cerebral damage is a direct pharmacological effect of toluene (Fornazzari L, personal communication).Not all of Fornazzari et al's sample of chronic heavy toluene abusers showed evidence of cerebral impairment, nor was there a clear relation between dosage and damage.These facts led them to suggest that mediating factors such as anoxia, malnutrition, or genetic differences might have caused the cerebral impairment they observed.
THIOPENTAL SODIUM AND ETHER ANESTHESIA
Authors: John A. Paulson
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Though anesthesia with thiopental (pentothal®) sodium has gained widespread acceptance by patient, surgeon, and anesthesiologist, it is well known that this agent possesses certain characteristics that are disadvantageous and, at times, dangerous to the patient. These characteristics are as follows: It causes respiratory depression during deeper levels of anesthesia with accompanying danger of respiratory acidosis. It lacks analgesic properties. It possesses parasympathomimetic properties and has a tendency to cause laryngeal spasm under certain conditions. It has a tendency to cause postoperative depression when it is used in large doses for prolonged anesthesia. From earlier experiences with the use of small amounts of ether to supplement thiopental sodium for anesthesia, it seemed likely that most of these disadvantages could be eliminated or at least minimized. This study was designed to evaluate these impressions. <h3>TECHNIQUE</h3> The technique of this method of anesthesia is simple but rather exacting if all of its advantages
Heat loss during thoracotomy.
Authors: J A Dyde, H F Lunn
Journal: Thorax (1969)

JOHN WRIGHT This has been evolved with a modified pulse duplicator and the use of a hot film probe for measuring velocity, direction, and turbulence.Many of the commercially available mitral valve prostheses are being investigated for their flow characteristics.In addition, efficiency is being examined and some unusual findings point to the possibility of a hydraulic ram effect in the normal mitral valve that allows opening to commence before the end of ventricular systole.TRIAL OF A NEW ANTI-MYXOVIRUS COMPOUND J. E. STARK Two hundred and sixty-four male students
Singlet oxygen-induced arrhythmias. Dose- and light-response studies for photoactivation of rose bengal in the rat heart.
Authors: Y Kusama, M Bernier, D J Hearse
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In a study of aerobically perfused rat hearts, the in situ photoactivation (530-590 nm) of rose bengal (a process that leads to the production of singlet oxygen and superoxide) has been shown to lead to the rapid development of electrocardiographic abnormalities and arrhythmias. With rose bengal concentrations of 1,000, 500, 250, 100, and 50 nmol/l (n = 6/group), photoactivation (3,600 lx) led to electrocardiographic changes (inversion of the T wave, Q-T prolongation, or both) after 3.8 +/- 0.9, 4.5 +/- 0.7, 11.8 +/- 2.1, 24.8 +/- 3.9, and 65.3 +/- 6.0 seconds), respectively; ventricular premature beats occurred in 100% of hearts after 0.5 +/- 0.2, 1.1 +/- 0.3, 2.2 +/- 0.7, 4.4 +/- 0.8, and 6.6 +/- 1.2 minutes, respectively. Ventricular tachycardia occurred in 83%, 83%, 83%, 67%, and 50% of hearts after 2.1 +/- 0.2, 2.1 +/- 0.4, 2.8 +/- 0.7, 5.7 +/- 2.0, and 11.2 +/- 1.9 minutes, respectively, and complete atrioventricular block in 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 67% of hearts after 3.8 +/- 0.7, 6.5 +/- 1.0, 5.5 +/- 0.9, 13.8 +/- 1.0, and 14.1 +/- 0.9 minutes, respectively. With a fixed concentration (250 nmol/l) of rose bengal, similar light-response relations were observed. Photoactivation of rose bengal had no effect on heart rate but caused a transient (0-4 minutes) vasodilation followed by a progressive vasoconstriction. In further studies in which rose bengal was washed out for 10 minutes before photoactivation, several arrhythmias still developed, indicating that rose bengal binds strongly to tissue and acts as a cellular level rather than in the vascular compartment. To assess the reversibility of rose bengal-induced effects, hearts (n = 6/group) were perfused with rose bengal (250 nmol/l) for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 20 minutes followed by perfusion in the dark for 19, 18, 16, 14, and 0 minutes, respectively. During dark perfusion, the incidence of arrhythmias declined and any decrease in coronary flow was reversed. However, analysis of contents of adenosine triphosphate, creatine phosphate, lactate, and creatine kinase leakage indicated the occurrence of severe injury that did not abate on termination of photoactivation. Finally, although many arrhythmias developed before the onset of vasoconstriction, the reduction in flow with consequent ischemia was shown to exacerbate vulnerability to arrhythmias. In conclusion, short-lived reactive oxygen intermediates such as singlet oxygen and superoxide, which are produced during the photoactivation of rose bengal, can cause rapid and major damage to the heart and its function.
Endothelial Cell Activation by Pore-Forming Structures
Authors: Soheyla Saadi, Robert A. Holzknecht, Christian P. Patte, Jeffrey L. Platt
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Interaction of complement with endothelial cells (ECs) underlies the development of inflammation and coagulation in disease. Assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement on EC membrane, like stimulation with cytokines, upregulates tissue factor and cyclooxygenase-2 but does so via the intermediary action of IL-1α. We asked whether the MAC activates porcine aortic and microvascular ECs in a global manner by this mechanism and whether this mechanism is used by membrane pore-forming structures. Methods and Results —Exposure of ECs to complement caused upregulation of mRNAs for E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, Iκ-Bα, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 over a period of 6 hours. The expression of these genes was not a primary response to stimulation, however, because IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited expression of these genes. Activation of ECs by complement depended on the autocrine action of IL-1α, because complement-mediated EC activation was inhibited by anti–IL-1α antibodies. Melittin and mastoparan, amphiphilic pore-forming peptides like the MAC, induced E-selectin through intermediary action of IL-1. Conclusions —These findings suggest that transmembrane pore-forming proteins, as a class of molecules, activate ECs through the autocrine effects of IL-1α.
Information Technology and Cancer Prevention
Authors: M. Jimbo, D. E. Nease, M. T. Ruffin, G. K. Rana
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

Information technology is rapidly advancing and making its way into many primary care settings. The technology may provide the means to increase the delivery of cancer preventive services. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the literature on information technology impacts on the delivery of cancer preventive services in primary care offices. Thirty studies met our selection criteria. Technology interventions studied to date have been limited to some type of reminder to either patients or providers. Patient reminders have been mailed before appointments, mailed unrelated to an appointment, mailed after a missed appointment, or given at the time of an appointment. Telephone call interventions have not used technology to automate the calls. Provider interventions have been primarily computer-generated reminders at the time of an appointment. However, there has been limited use of computer-generated audits, feedback, or report cards. The effectiveness of information technology on increasing cancer screening was modest at best. The full potential of information technology to unload the provider-patient face-to-face encounter has not been examined. There is critical need to study these new technologic approaches to understand the impact and acceptance by providers and patients.
Results of a musculoskeletal preparticipation screening programme in BUCS Super 8 Rugby League players
Authors: K Evans, K Cady, A Dobson, P Towers
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The physiological demands of rugby league are complex, requiring players to concomitantly develop speed, agility, muscular strength, power and aerobic capacity. Studies indicate that injury rates are higher in rugby league than other collision sports. The incidence of injury in semiprofessional rugby league players has been reported to be as high as 825 per 1000 player-position game hours. Sports teams with a common epidemiology of injuries often undertake musculoskeletal preparticipation screening (MPPS) in an attempt to reduce the incidence of these injuries. The aim of this study was to undertake a general MPPS for a Super 8 BUCS Rugby League team. 30 players volunteered to undertake a MPPS at the start of preseason training. The MPPS consisted of 10 assessments including (1) single-leg supine bridge hold (transversus abdominis stability), (2) straight leg raise (hamstring flexibility) (3) modified Thomas test (abductor, iliopsoas and rectus femoris contracture), (4) gluteus maximus and hamstring muscle recruitment for hip extension, (5) manual muscle test of gluteus medius and minimus, (6) plumbline assessment of standing posture, (7) Trendelenburg test, (8) overhead squat with shoulder width grip, (9) in-line lunge and (10) single-leg squat. Results showed a prevalence of poor physical preparedness. All subjects were deficient in transversus abdominis, gluteus medius and single-leg strength. All subjects were hypertonic in hip abductors, iliopsoas and hamstrings. All subjects recruited hamstrings before gluteus maximus for hip extension. None of the subjects could perform a single-leg squat, nor achieve all of the competencies required in the overhead squat. All subjects demonstrated shoulder protraction in standing posture. A prehabilitation programme was implemented for all players after assessment with modifications to strength and conditioning programmes.
Wide Interpatient Variations in Gentamicin Dose Requirements for Geriatric Patients
Authors: Darwin E. Zaske, Patrick Irvine, Linda M. Strand, Richard G. Strate, Robert J. Cipolle, John Rotschafer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Substantial interpatient variations were demonstrated in the daily doses required to obtain therapeutic gentamicin sulfate serum concentrations in 417 elderly patients. Dosages ranged from 0.3 to 22.0 mg/kg/day in patients with a normal serum creatinine level. Twenty-five percent of these patients required daily doses higher than the standard regimen of 5 mg/kg/day, and 33% required less than 3 mg/kg/day. The drug half-lives in these patients ranged from 0.3 to 32.7 hours, compared with previous reports of 2.5 to four hours. The distribution volumes of these patients ranged from 0.07 to 0.53 L/kg, compared with reported values of 0.20 to 0.25 L/kg. These wide variations in kinetic variables in elderly patients and the need to obtain narrow ranges in serum concentrations required measuring serum concentrations and individually calculating each patient's dosage requirement early in the treatment course. Doing this consistently produced optimal peak and trough serum levels. Ototoxicity did not occur in any of the patients, and nephrotoxicity may have been drug related in 2% of the elderly patients.
Abstract 5444: Real-time RT-PCR of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a useful tool for identification of minimal leukemia in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Asim F. Belgaumi, Rong Bu, Azhar R. Hussain, Khadija A S Al-Obaisi, Mohammed Al-Mahr, Shahab Uddin, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Accurate detection of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) could have profound prognostic and therapeutic implications. The detection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infiltration by leukemic cells as performed by morphological assessment is subjective and unable to detect low levels of involvement. Therefore, newer and more accurate techniques are required to more efficiently detect minimal leukemic cell involvement. For this reason, a quantitative, Real-time RT-PCR targeting the TdT molecule was developed and tested to allow an objective and sensitive methodology for detecting CNS leukemia. 35 diagnostic CSF samples were subjected to the qRT-PCR assay for TdT. Only 4/35 samples were positive by cytomorphological detection. Of these 4 samples, one sample was diagnosed with CNS disease (CNS 3) and three samples had lower numbers of leukemic blasts (CNS 2). When compared to morphology results, as the gold standard, we found 24 out of the 35 samples to be positive by qRT-PCR. 20 CSF samples that were negative by morphology had detectable TdT by RT-PCR, possibly indicating leukemic infiltration below the level of cytomorphological detection. Serial samples for the 4 CNS-positive patients were tested by qRT-PCR and showed persistent positivity with gradual reduction in quantity of TdT with chemotherapy administration. 11 samples had no detectable TdT by RT-PCR and were found to be negative by cytomorphological assessment as well. In patients with no cytomorphologically detected blasts, TdT positivity was not associated with the level of peripheral blood WBC count. This methodology provides an objective, quantitative and sensitive tool for the detection of leukemic blasts in the CSF. This allows us to detect molecular CNS involvement in CNS negative patients. Although the outcome for all CNS negative patients is good, this has been achieved with fairly intensive prophylactic CNS-directed therapy, reduction in CNS-directed therapy may be possible in molecularly negative patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5444. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5444
Salivary Gland Enlargement During Induction of Anesthesia
Authors: Lawrence I. Bonchek
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A case of massive enlargement of the salivary glands occurred in association with the induction of anesthesia. An overactive pharyngeal reflex, stimulated by endotracheal intubation, probably caused vasodilatation and hyperemia of the glands. Treatment with succinylcholine chloride may also have contributed to this effect. In such cases, the adenopathy may subside rapidly. If it does not, the endotracheal tube should be removed and the operative procedure terminated. Tracheostomy should be considered if patency of the airway is uncertain.
Contaminated Aqueous Benzalkonium Chloride
Authors: Myron J. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1976)

During January and February 1975, nine patients on a single ward of a rural Tennessee hospital unexpectedly developed sepsis. The aseptic technique employed in the management of intravenous infusions was implicated. Pseudomonas cepacia was recovered from the following: bloodstream, inuse intravenous infusions and the antiseptic, aqueous benzalkonium chloride. The outbreak again calls attention to the infection risk associated with the use of this product. Selection of less hazardous antiseptics and disinfectants is strongly recommended.
865-2 1166 A/C polymorphism of the angiotensin AT1 receptor gene alters simvastatin-induced change in the endothelial function
Authors: Marek Kiliszek, Michal Maczewski, Beata Burzynska, Grzegorz Styczynski, Monika Duda, Andrzej Beresewicz, Grzegorz Opolski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Racial differences and hypertension
Authors: N Chauturvedi, M G Marmot, P M McKeigue
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In their clinic based study of hypertensive patients, Jamil Mayet and colleagues conclude that people of black African descent have more left ventricular hypertrophy than white people for a similar degree of hypertension.1 They state that reported duration of hypertension was similar in black and white people, but do …