tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survival After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Arnon Krongrad
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The generalizability of currently available estimates of survival after radical prostatectomy is theoretically limited.To obtain generalizable estimates of survival after radical prostatectomy.A population-based retrospective cohort study.Nine regions of the United States.Patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1983 and 1987 and underwent radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection.Proportional hazards models incorporating geographical region, age, race, pathological stage, lymph node involvement, and tumor grade to identify independent correlates of disease-specific and overall survival and life table analyses to estimate 10-year survival distributions.A total of 3626 patients with a mean age of 65 years were included in the study; 92.6% were white, 54.2% had moderate-grade cancer, 60.4% had no extension beyond the prostate, and 91.2% had no lymph node involvement. Using San Francisco-Oakland, Calif, as a reference region, no other region was significantly associated with a risk of disease-specific or overall mortality. Older age and black race were independently associated with worse overall but not disease-specific survival. Higher grade, extension beyond the prostate, and lymph node involvement were independently associated with worse disease-specific and overall survival. Estimates of 10-year disease-specific survival ranged from 75% to 97% for patients with well-differentiated and moderately differentiated cancers and from 60% to 86% for patients with poorly differentiated cancers.Neither disease-specific nor overall survival varied by region, suggesting geographically uniform assessments of risk in patient selection for radical prostatectomy. Across regions, overall survival varied by patient and prostate cancer characteristics while disease-specific survival varied substantially by prostate cancer but not patient characteristics. The present analyses provide the most generalizable current estimates of survival after radical prostatectomy.
Disclaimer Concerning a Book on Fractures by Lamb.
Authors: D. S. Lamb
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>U. S. Army Medical Museum and Library,</h3> Washington, D. C., March 28, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —For the past two years the Postoffice Department here has been receiving every day or so letters addressed to "Prof. D. K. Lamb, Curator National Medical Museum," and has been sending them to me for want of anybody else who comes anywhere near filling the bill. There is no Prof. D. K. Lamb in this city; and no institution of that name; nor am I curator of any museum. These letters come from all parts of the country east of the Mississippi, and they ask for a copy of the "New Methods of Reducing Fractures and Dislocations." I am unable to learn of any such book published here or distributed from here, gratuitously, as the applicants all evidently understand. I have replied to a number of these letters, but can not continue to do
Reactions to Intravenous Iron-dextran
Authors: J. M. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Mill dressed up in a tight German suit put on back to front.This is well brought out in Cohen's survey.Physician-scientists will derive comfort from the following statement by the same author': "The measure of confidence that a hypothesis deserves may reasonably be affected, people think, by the results of new experiments to test it, or by discovery of new collateral information about the kinds of variation of circumstances to which it has already been submitted.It seems very paradoxical to suppose that this measure of confidence can be affected merely by changes in human terminology.To sup- pose the degree of a hypothesis's confirma- tion to be relative to a certain state of language seems quite out of accord with the normal patterns of scientific discourse, and it is highly doubtful whether scientists would profit by adopting such a supposition."Language is not a fundamental source of norms for the evaluation of theories about non-linguistic matters: rather it is itself exposed to criticism by standards of extra- linguistic origin.-Iam, etc.,
MEASUREMENT OF DIFFERENTIAL RENAL FUNCTION USING TC-99M GLUCOHEPTONATE
Authors: T. A. Powers, W. J. Stone, W. S. Witt, L. T. Killion, J. A. Patton, R. D. Bowen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Powers, T. A.; Stone, W. J.; Witt, W. S.; Killion, L. T.; Patton, J. A.; Bowen, R. D.Author Information
Reply to Giuseppe Simone, Salvatore Guaglianone and Michele Galucci's Letter to the Editor re: Günter Janetschek. Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for RCC: How Can We Avoid Ischemic Damage of the Renal Parenchyma? Eur Urol 2007;52:1303–5
Authors: Günter Janetschek
Journal: European Urology (2008)
PRIMARY COSTAL OSTEOMYELITIS*
Authors: HAROLD R. ROEHM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1935)

Case Reports1 August 1935PRIMARY COSTAL OSTEOMYELITISREPORT OF A CASEHAROLD R. ROEHM, M.S., M.D.HAROLD R. ROEHM, M.S., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-2-200 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPrimary osteomyelitis of the ribs in children is not a common condition in this country judging from reports to be found in the literature. Farr1 reported five cases in a series of 98 patiens with osteomyelitis, and Phemister2 three in a series of 320 cases.Ameline, 3 and Parcelier and Chauvenet4 give credit to Jaboulay for the first description of the disease in 1885, and to Lannelongue for the second published report in 1890. Since the first report Amelilne has found in European literature reports of approximately 100 cases in patients pf all ages.Secondary osteomyelitis of ribs is more...Bibliography1. FARR CE: Acute osteomyelitis in children, Ann. Surg., 1926, lxxxiii, 686-692. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. PHEMISTER DB: Unusual forms of osteomyelitis, Northwest Med., 1928, xxvii, 460-466. Google Scholar3. AMELINE A: L'ostéomyèlite aiguë primitive des côtes, Arch. méd.-chir. de l'app, respir., 1929, iv, 348-355. Google Scholar4. PARCELIERCHAUVENET AA: L'ostéomyèlite primitive des côtes, Rev. de chir., 1924, lxii, 671-688. Google Scholar5. ANDRESON O: Ein Fall von Hautemphysem nach Rippenosteomyelitis bei einem jungen Säugling, Jahrb. f. Kinderh., 1932, cxxxv, 335-340. Google Scholar6. GAMBOAMONTARCÉ MHL: Osteomielitis vertebral y costal en un lactante, Arch. argent, de pediat. 1932, iii, 178-189. Google Scholar7. COURSIÈRES H: De l'ostéomyelite costale post-typhique, Progrès méd., 1932, 1549-1559. Google Scholar8. PHILARDEAU P: Contribution à l'étude de l'ostéomyèlite. Un cas d'ostéomyèlite varicellique, Rev. d'orthop., 1922, ix, 233-240. Google Scholar9. WOLFRING IJHB: Osteomyelitis of rib complicated by empyema in infant, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1934, cii, 2181-2182. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. GRAHAM EA: Surgery of the thorax, Abts Pediatrics, 1924, Vol. 4, Chapter 66, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, p. 71-72. Google Scholar11. KELLEY SW: Surgical diseases of children, 3 Ed., Vol. 1, 1929, C. V. Mosby, St. Louis, p. 341-342. Google Scholar12. DACOSTA JC: Modern surgery, 8 Ed., 1920, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, p. 578. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Birmingham, Michigan*Received for publication September 22, 1934.From the Pediatric Division, St. Joseph's Mercy Hospital, Pontiac, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1935Volume 9, Issue 2Page: 200-206KeywordsChildrenOsteomyelitisRibs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1935 PDF downloadLoading ...
ASSOCIATION OF TOTAL AND HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT ADIPONECTIN WITH NEW-ONSET HEART FAILURE IN OLDER ADULTS: THE CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH STUDY
Authors: Maria G. Karas, David Benkeser, Alice M. Arnold, Luc Djousse, Susan Zieman, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Russell Tracy, Christos S. Mantzoros, David Siscovick, John Gottdiener, Joachim Ix, Jorge Kizer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Paper on DISORDERS OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THEIR RESPONSE TO MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TREATMENT
Authors: E. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1932)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a cell surface molecule on neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages implicated in the amplification of inflammatory responses by enhancing degranulation and secretion of proinflammatory mediators. Macrophages play an important role in the intestinal mucosal immune system, because they are preferentially localized in the subepithelial region. Despite the presence of enormous numbers of bacteria in the colonic mucosa and the close proximity between mucosal macrophages and luminal bacteria, the intestinal mucosa normally displays minimal signs of inflammation. In this study, we show that the resident macrophage population in normal human small and large intestine contains only few TREM-1-expressing macrophages (&lt;10%), whereas the overwhelming majority of monocytes (&gt;90%) and macrophages from lymph nodes or tonsils (&gt;80%) express TREM-1 on the cell surface. These findings were confirmed by FACS analysis and immunostainings of frozen tissue sections. The differential expression of TREM-1 greatly affects the functional capacities of monocytes and tissue macrophages. Although monocytes and macrophages from spleen, lymph nodes, or tonsils show a substantial increase in oxidative burst after TREM-1 cross-linking, no effect is seen in intestinal macrophages. Intriguingly, in contrast to monocytes, intestinal macrophages fail to up-regulate TREM-1 in response to TNF. This refractory state may be induced in intestinal macrophages by the local presence of IL-10 and TGF-β, because these two immunoregulatory cytokines synergistically down-regulate TREM-1 expression on monocytes in vitro. The absence of TREM-1 expression on lamina propria macrophages is likely to prevent excessive inflammatory reactions, and thus, excessive tissue damage in the intestine.
Antibiotics for acute bronchitis
Authors: B. Arroll
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Dynamics of GABAergic synaptic components have been studied previously over milliseconds to minutes, revealing mobility of postsynaptic scaffolds and receptors. Here we image inhibitory synapses containing fluorescently tagged postsynaptic scaffold Gephyrin, together with presynaptic vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) or postsynaptic GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor γ2 subunit (GABA<sub>A</sub>Rγ2), over seconds to days in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, revealing modes of inhibitory synapse formation and remodeling. Entire synapses were mobile, translocating rapidly within a confined region and exhibiting greater nonstochastic motion over multihour periods. Presynaptic and postsynaptic components moved in unison, maintaining close apposition while translocating distances of several micrometers. An observed flux in the density of synaptic puncta partially resulted from the apparent merging and splitting of preexisting clusters. <i>De novo</i> formation of inhibitory synapses was observed, marked by the appearance of stably apposed Gephyrin and VGAT clusters at sites previously lacking either component. Coclustering of GABA<sub>A</sub>Rγ2 supports the identification of such new clusters as synapses. Nascent synapse formation occurred by gradual accumulation of components over several hours, with VGAT clustering preceding that of Gephyrin and GABA<sub>A</sub>Rγ2. Comparing VGAT labeling by active uptake of a luminal domain antibody with <i>post hoc</i> immunocytochemistry indicated that recycling vesicles from preexisting boutons significantly contribute to vesicle pools at the majority of new inhibitory synapses. Although new synapses formed primarily on dendrite shafts, some also formed on dendritic protrusions, without apparent interconversion. Altogether, the long-term imaging of GABAergic presynaptic and postsynaptic components reveals complex dynamics and perpetual remodeling with implications for mechanisms of assembly and synaptic integration.
Renal and Neurologic Effects of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in Children: Evidence of Early Effects and Multiple Interactions at Environmental Exposure Levels
Authors: Claire de Burbure, Jean-Pierre Buchet, Ariane Leroyer, Catherine Nisse, Jean-Marie Haguenoer, Antonio Mutti, Zdenek Smerhovský, Miroslav Cikrt, Malgorzata Trzcinka-Ochocka, Grazyna Razniewska, Marek Jakubowski, Alfred Bernard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic are common environmental pollutants in industrialized countries, but their combined impact on children's health is little known. We studied their effects on two main targets, the renal and dopaminergic systems, in > 800 children during a cross-sectional European survey. Control and exposed children were recruited from those living around historical nonferrous smelters in France, the Czech Republic, and Poland. Children provided blood and urine samples for the determination of the metals and sensitive renal or neurologic biomarkers. Serum concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C, and β2-microglobulin were negatively correlated with blood lead levels (PbB), suggesting an early renal hyperfiltration that averaged 7% in the upper quartile of PbB levels (> 55 μg/L; mean, 78.4 μg/L). The urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein, Clara cell protein, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase was associated mainly with cadmium levels in blood or urine and with urinary mercury. All four metals influenced the dopaminergic markers serum prolactin and urinary homovanillic acid, with complex interactions brought to light. Heavy metals polluting the environment can cause subtle effects on children's renal and dopaminergic systems without clear evidence of a threshold, which reinforces the need to control and regulate potential sources of contamination by heavy metals.
In vivo cardiac role of migfilin during experimental pressure overload
Authors: Bernhard Johannes Haubner, Daniel Moik, Thomas Schuetz, Martin F. Reiner, Jakob G. Voelkl, Katrin Streil, Kerstin Bader, Lei Zhao, Claudia Scheu, Johannes Mair, Otmar Pachinger, Bernhard Metzler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsIncreased myocardial wall strain triggers the cardiac hypertrophic response by increasing cardiomyocyte size, reprogramming gene expression, and enhancing contractile protein synthesis. The LIM protein, migfilin, is a cytoskeleton-associated protein that was found to translocate in vitro into the nucleus in a Ca2+-dependent manner, where it co-activates the pivotal cardiac transcription factor Csx/Nkx2.5. However, the in vivo role of migfilin in cardiac function and stress response is unclear.
Maternal Serum Paraxanthine, a Caffeine Metabolite, and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion
Authors: Mark A. Klebanoff, Richard J. Levine, Rebecca DerSimonian, John D. Clemens, Diana G. Wilkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Whether the consumption of caffeine during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion is controversial. Prior studies have determined caffeine consumption by questionnaire. We used a biologic marker, serum paraxanthine, a metabolite of caffeine, to measure the dose of caffeine.
Complex hallucinations in waking suggest mechanisms of dream construction
Authors: Edward F. Pace-Schott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Waking hallucinations suggest mechanisms of dream initiation and maintenance. Visual association cortex activation, yielding poorly attended-to, visually ambiguous dream environments, suggests conditions favoring hallucinosis. Attentional and visual systems, coactivated during sleep, may generate imagery that is inserted into virtual environments. Internally consistent dreaming may evolve from successive, contextually evoked images. Fluctuating arousal and context-evoked imagery may help explain dream features.
Informed consent in biomedical studies on aging: survey of four journals
Authors: M. G M O. Rikkert, H. A M J t. Have, W. H L Hoefnagels
Journal: BMJ (1996)

ration.This exercise will help identify randomised controlled trials for health care decision making, and in particular will help the Cochrane Collaboration to pre- pare, maintain, and disseminate systematic reviews.We thank the staff of the Baltimore Cochrane Center, librar- ies in the Oxford region, Iain Chalmers for his comments on the manuscript, and all the handsearchers.
Abstract 1940: Anti-tumor action of adenosine A3 receptor in prostate cancer involves suppression of micro RNA-21
Authors: Sarvesh Jajoo, Tejbeer Kaur, Debashree Mukherjea, Kelly Sheehan, Sandeep Sheth, Leonard P. Rybak, Vickram Ramkumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Adenosine-based drugs have shown promising results against various solid tumors including prostate cancer. These drugs exert their effects via adenosine receptors (ARs), and in prostate cancer, the A3AR subtype appears to play a major role in its anti-tumor action. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the coding RNAs at post-transcriptional level. One of these, miR-21, has been shown to promote prostate cancer growth and invasiveness. In the present study, we hypothesized that A3AR agonists suppressed prostate tumor growth by reducing miR-21 expression. Methods: In vivo studies were performed in xenograft model of prostate cancer in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Mice were injected subcutaneously with PC3-MM human prostate cancer cells, treated with vehicle, the agonist N’-(3-iodobenzyl) adenosine-5′-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA), the antagonist 9-Chloro-2-(2-furanyl)-5-((phenylacetyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline (MRS1220) or MRS1220 + IB-MECA, on alternate day for 2-3 weeks, and tumor growth was measured. Primary tumors were then excised and used to determine miR-21 (by TaqMan assay) and maspin, PDCD4 and TPM1 (by Western blotting and RT-PCR). In vitro studies were done in PC3-MM cells grown in cell culture plates. The levels of miR-21 were also detected in RNA samples obtained from human prostate cancer tissues (OriGene Technologies), while the levels of maspin and PDCD4 were determined in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostate tumor sections by immunohistochemistry. Results: IB-MECA suppressed tumor growth in SCID mice. This effect was blunted in presence of the antagonist, MRS1220. Reductions in tumor volume were associated with reduced expression of miR-21 in the primary tumors. Furthermore, we observed up-regulation of the tumor suppressor proteins maspin, PDCD4 and TPM1, which are known to be negatively regulated by miR-21. Similar findings were obtained in in vitro cell culture studies. In human prostate cancer RNA samples from patients with different stages of prostate cancer there was high expression of miR-21. This finding co-related with down-regulation of its target proteins, maspin and PDCD4, in human prostate tumor sections. Conclusions: Based on the data, we conclude that activation of the A3AR reduces the prostate cancer growth by suppressing miR-21 expression and up-regulating tumor suppressor proteins such as maspin, PDCD4 and TPM1. These data support the use of A3AR agonists as a viable therapeutic option against the advanced forms of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1940. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1940
Catheter Ablation of Multiple Ventricular Tachycardias After Myocardial Infarction Guided by Combined Contact and Noncontact Mapping
Authors: Hanno U. Klemm, Rodolfo Ventura, Daniel Steven, Christin Johnsen, Thomas Rostock, Boris Lutomsky, Tim Risius, Thomas Meinertz, Stephan Willems
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Insights gained from noncontact mapping of ventricular tachycardia (VT) have not been systematically applied to contact maps. This study sought to unify both techniques for an individualized approach to the patient with multiple ischemic VTs irrespective of cycle length. Methods and Results— For 12 consecutive patients with chronic myocardial infarction and recurrent VT, bipolar contact maps were acquired during sinus or paced rhythm. Additional noncontact maps were obtained during 48 induced VTs (cycle length 192 to 579 ms). Endocardial exit sites were superimposed on contact maps and verified by pace-mapping. Radiofrequency lesions were extended for critical borders defined by multiple neighboring exits and followed the isovoltage contour line of contact maps. Nine critical borders were identified in 8 patients and constituted the substrate for 31 VTs. The voltage at exit sites was 0.8 mV (range 0.1 to 2.3). Noncontact maps revealed 23±18% of isthmus conduction. Thirty-seven (77%) of all and 83% of clinically documented VTs were rendered noninducible irrespective of cycle length by application of 27 radiofrequency lesions (range 18 to 56). Spontaneous transitions between distinct VTs along critical borders were demonstrated in 4 patients. Pace-mapping reproduced the QRS morphology of 81% of VTs and was associated with successful ablation ( P &lt;0.01). Noninducibility of any sustained VT was reached for 8 (67%) patients. During 15 months (range 5 to 28) of follow-up, 8 patients remained without recurrence, and VT episodes were reduced in the other 4 patients ( P &lt;0.01). VT cycle length was not predictive for acute or long-term success. Conclusion— The combined approach of contact and noncontact mapping effectively defines critical borders as the substrate of multiple VTs without limitation for unstable VTs.
FATAL HEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING TRACHEOTOMY FOR LARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIA
Authors: KARL SCHLAEPFER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Fatal hemorrhage occurring days or even weeks after successful tracheotomy for laryngeal diphtheria is a rare complication and not generally known. Isolated examples of such an unforeseen occurrence are recorded in the literature. It is quite conceivable that not all such cases have been reported, owing to a reluctance to publish avoidable mistakes, although great benefit may be derived by others from such publications. On account of the importance of tracheotomy, as it is an emergency operation which every practitioner may be called on to perform, two cases are herewith reported illustrating the etiology of fatal hemorrhage after tracheotomy. A critical survey of the subject and the analysis of a personal experience in the surgical clinic in Leipzig was included in a previous publication.<sup>1</sup>A second case came to necropsy at the New Haven Hospital, and here special emphasis was laid on the pathologic physiologic process that brings about
GW25-e4454 The change of asymmetric NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine and oxygen stress in patients with coronary microvascular spasm angina
Authors: Li Juxiang, Jiang Hua, Yan Shujian, Su Hai, Wu Yan-Qing, Wu Qing-Hua, Cheng Xiaoshu, None Lijuxiang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)