tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transport of particles of colloidal gold within and from rat lung after local deposition by alveolar microinjection.
Authors: G Patrick, C Stirling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Because inhalation and intratracheal instillation deposit particles throughout the respiratory tract, these methods of administration give little information on the movement of particles within the lung and no direct information on the clearance kinetics from locally defined sites within alveolar tissue. Approximately 0.05 microL of 195Au-labeled gold colloid was administered to 32 rats by microinjection into a small volume of subpleural alveoli. Its fate was studied by whole-body counting and serial sacrifice over 15 months. The kinetics of clearance from the subpleural deposition site showed that there was no rapid removal of particles, and the main clearance process was defined by an exponential term with a half-time averaging 583 days. There was a wide variation between individual animals. The distribution of 195Au at sacrifice showed that the gold colloid was nearly all retained within the respiratory tract. The particles were not appreciably redistributed throughout the lung volume, so most of the material not cleared from the lung remained close to the deposition site. At the later times after microinjection, much of the gold colloid was associated with thickened pleura and adjoining septae.
Morphologic characteristics of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with abnormalities of chromosome 8, band q24
Authors: F. R. Davey, D. Lawrence, J. Maccallum, J. Varney, R. Hutchison, D. Wurster‐Hill, C. Schiffer, R. E. Sobol, N. Ciminelli, M. le Beau, C. D. Bloomfield
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract The CALGB prospectively studied 140 adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients for cytogenetic abnormalities. Seven (5%) patients with adequate cytogenetic preparations had t(8;14)(q24;q32) or t(8;22)(q24;q11). Patients were compared with non‐8q24 patients for clinical and laboratory characteristics, response to therapy, and survival. The median age of patients with translocations involving 8q24 (71% males) was 40 years. Forty‐three percent had lymphadenopathy, 29% splenomegaly, and 29% hepatomegaly. None exhibited central nervous system (CNS), skin, or gum involvement. These features did not differ significantly from non‐8q24 ALLs. Patients with 8q24 translocations had higher hemoglobins (11.5 vs. 9.8 g/dl; P = 0.04) and lower percentage of blasts in the peripheral blood (8.5% vs. 69%; P = 0.007). Although all seven were finally categorized as ALL‐L3, a marked variation in the proportion of typical L3 blasts was observed that initially resulted in the diagnoses of ALL‐L2 in three cases and prolymphocytic leukemia in one. In five of five patients, the blasts typed as B cells (Slg+ and CD19+). Complete remission rates for patients with 8q24 translocations were 43%, whereas they were 68% for non‐8q24 ALLS ( P = 0.22). Furthermore, patients with 8q24 abnormalities exhibited significantly shorter survival (4.8 vs. 18.4 mo; P &lt; 0.001). We conclude that ALL with translocations of 8q24 in adults shows a mature B‐cell immunophenotype (Slg+), poor prognosis and morphology ranging from classical ALL‐L3 to ALL with a subpopulation of L3 cells. Thus, the diagnosis of ALL‐L3 should be made when blastic cells possess a mature B‐cell immunophenotype (SIg+) and an 8q24 translocation, even though the number of L3 cells is low. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidential value of the hospital record in clinical decision making.
Authors: W I Card, W Sircus, A N Smith
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A simulated retrospective exercise in the diagnosis and management of 53 readmissions to a gastrointestinal unit was undertaken by two consultants. Diagnosis of the illness at readmission was made on evidence sought from a referee, who also supplied, on request, items of relevant evidence from the past medical record. Patient management was agreed from these sources. For each item of evidence the evidential weight, the irrecoverability, and the expected benefit accruing to the patient of its availability was calculated. It was concluded that the evidence worth recording in the event of subsequent hospital admission could be largely specified for each diagnosis and each operation. It would be brief and could be numerically coded.
Induction of granulocytic differentiation in a mouse model by benzene and hydroquinone.
Authors: B A Hazel, A O'Connor, R Niculescu, G F Kalf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Chronic exposure of humans to benzene causes acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). The studies presented here were undertaken to determine whether benzene, or its reactive metabolite, hydroquinone (HQ), affects differentiation of myeloblasts. Benzene or HQ administered to C57BL/6J mice specifically induced granulocytic differentiation of myeloblasts. The ability of these compounds to induce differentiation of the myeloblasts was tested directly using the murine interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent 32D.3 (G) myeloblastic cell line, and the human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. We have previously shown that benzene treatment of HL-60 myeloblasts activates protein kinase C (PKC) and upregulates the 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) pathway for the production of leukotriene D4 (LTD4), an essential effector or granulocytic differentiation. Differentiation was prevented by sphinganine, a PKC inhibitor, and, as shown here, by LPO inhibitors and LTD4 receptor antagonists. Benzene or HQ also induces differentiation in 32D.3 (G) myeloblasts. Both compounds interact with cellular signaling pathways normally activated by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and can replace the requirement for G-CSF. While IL-3 induces a growth response in 32D.3 (G) cells, G-CSF has been shown to provide both growth and differentiated signals. Both HQ and LTD4 induce differentiation and synergize with IL-3 for growth; however, neither supports growth in the absence of IL-3. Benzene, like HQ, also provides a differentiation signal for 32D cells; however, it has no effect on their growth. Unlike G-CSF, benzene, or LTD4, each of which stimulates terminal differentiation; HQ blocks differentiation at the myelocyte stage, allowing only a small percentage of progenitors to proceed to mature segmented granulocytes. Benzene- and G-CSF-induced differentiation were prevented by the additional of either LPO inhibitors or LTD4 receptor antagonists, indicating that benzene, like G-CSF, upregulates LTD4 production. Hydroquinone-induced differentiation was not affected by the LPO inhibitors, but only by the specific receptor antagonists. Thus HQ appears to obviate the requirement for LTD4 by activating the LTD4 receptor directly.
Quantification of myocardial injury after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Willem G. van Dockum, Folkert J. ten Cate, Jurrien M. ten Berg, Aernout M. Beek, Albert C. van Rossum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Modulation of In Vivo Cardiac Function by Myocyte-Specific Nitric Oxide Synthase-3
Authors: Hunter C. Champion, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos, Eiki Takimoto, Takayoshi Isoda, Yibin Wang, David A. Kass
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Nitric oxide (NO) functions principally as a diffusible paracrine effector. The exception is in cardiomyocytes where both NO synthases (NOS) and target proteins coexist, allowing NO to work in an autocrine/intracrine fashion. However, the most abundant myocyte isoform (NOS3) is far more expressed in vascular endothelium; thus, the in vivo contribution of myocyte-NOS3 remains less clear. The present study tested this role by transfecting whole hearts of NOS3-null (NOS3(-/-)) mice with adenovirus-expressing NOS3 coupled to a alpha-MHC promoter (AdV(NOS3)), comparing results to hearts transfected with marker-gene beta-galactosidase (AdVbeta(gal)). Total myocardial NOS3 protein and activity were restored to near wild-type (WT) levels in NOS3(-/-)+AdV(NOS3) hearts, and NOS3 relocalized normally with caveolin-3. Ejection function by pressure-volume analysis was enhanced in NOS3(-/-)+AdVbeta(gal) over WT or NOS3(-/-)+AdV(NOS3). More prominently, isoproterenol (ISO)-stimulated systolic and diastolic function in WT was amplified in NOS3(-/-)+AdVbeta(gal), whereas NOS3(-/-)+AdV(NOS3) returned the response to control. ISO-activated systolic function was inhibited 85% by concomitant muscarinic stimulation (carbachol) in NOS3(-/-)+AdV(NOS3) but not NOS3(-/-)+AdVbeta(gal) hearts. Lastly, NOS3(-/-)+AdVbeta(gal) mice displayed enhanced inotropy and lusitropy over WT at slower heart rates but a blunted rate augmentation versus controls. A more positive rate response was restored in NOS3(-/-)+AdV(NOS3) (P<0.001). Thus, myocyte autocrine/intracrine NOS3 regulation in vivo can underlie key roles in beta-adrenergic, muscarinic, and frequency-dependent cardiac regulation.
Lactose-carrying polystyrene as a drug carrier: investigation of body distributions to parenchymal liver cells using 125I-labelled lactose-carrying polystyrene
Authors: Goto Mitsuaki, Yura Hirohumi, Chang Chia-Wun, Kobayashi Akira, Shinoda Tatsuki, Maeda Atsushi, Kojima Seiki, Kobayashi Kazukiyo, Akaike Toshihiro
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1994)
286 Portal hypertensive gastropathy is prevalent amongst chronic hepatitis C non-responders with bridging fibrosis and early cirrhosis: results from the HALT-C trial
Authors: R FONTANA, A SANYAL, E WRIGHT, A DIBISCEGLIE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

OBJECTIVE:The natural history and likelihood of bleeding from portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) present in patients with portal hypertension before endoscopic variceal obliteration may differ from that in patients who develop PHG during or after variceal eradication.METHODS:A total of 967 variceal bleeders who had achieved variceal eradication by endoscopic sclerotherapy in the recent past were prospectively studied. In all, 88 (9.1%) patients (cirrhosis in 54, noncirrhotic portal fibrosis in 18, and extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in 16) had distinct mucosal lesions. PHG alone was present in 78, PHG with gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) in eight, and GAVE alone in two patients. PHG was graded as mild or severe and according to whether present before (group A) or after endoscopic intervention (group B). Patients underwent regular endoscopy at follow-up to see if the PHG was transitory (disappearing within 3 months), persistent (no change), or progressive. Bleeding from PHG lesions was defined as acute or chronic.RESULTS:Twenty-two (26%) patients had PHG before (group A) and 64 (74%) developed PHG after variceal eradication (group B). During a mean follow-up of 25.1 ± 14.2 months, PHG lesions disappeared in group A in only two patients (9%), but in group B in 28 (44%) patients (p < 0.05). PHG lesions more often progressed in the former as compared to the latter (18% vs 9.4%), p = NS). The incidence of bleeding was higher in group A than group B (32% vs 4.7%, p < 0.02). Bleeding from PHG occurred in 10 patients (11.6%); seven of them were from group A, and all had either progressive (n = 3) or persistent (n = 4) lesions.CONCLUSIONS:PHG developing after variceal eradication is often transitory and less severe. If PHG is pre-existing, endoscopic therapy for varices could worsen the PHG, with a likelihood of bleeding. Such patients may be benefited by concomitant beta-blocker therapy.
Review: Angiotensin-receptor blockers do not increase adverse cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Sharif A. Halim, L. Kristin Newby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Bangalore S, Kumar S, Wetterslev J, Messerli FH. Angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of myocardial infarction: meta-analyses and trial sequential analyses of 147 020 patients from randomised trials. BMJ. 2011;342:d2234. 21521728
Mixed Methods and Bioethics Pedagogy: Suggestions for Future Research
Authors: Paul Brodwin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

10 two major professions (nursing and social work), and their 1,215 respondents surely practice in many different settings. Such a large sample allows general trends to emerge out of much internal diversity, and the research pushes the field to more focused and nuanced inquiry. At this stage, comple15 menting the survey methods used by Grady et al. with qualitative research (interviews and ethnography) is especially promising. Doing so will enrich the social science contribution to bioethics and help educators craft more focused and effective types of ethics training. 20 Driven by the methodological need for a large sample size and standardized questions, the authors measure the effects of ethics education through self-reports. They ask people to rank their internal state (confidence about identifying and responding to ethical issues) and their like25 lihood of action in the future. Self-reports function as a proxy measure for the outcomes of greatest interest: Does ethics education actually lead people to call more often for ethics consultations, compared to people without such education? Does it lead them more often to talk informally 30 with peers or supervisors about the ethical dimensions of their work? In general, directly measurable outcomes are preferable to self-reports about internal states and hypothetical future behaviors, but enormous methodological problems would hamper survey research of this sort. One would 35 need to control for all the other variables that might affect the specific outcomes. To guarantee significant results, the ethics service (consultants or ethics committees) must be present and equally available to all respondents. The pace of work and the local politics of the workplace must 40
Management of <i>Clostridium difficile</i> in NHS trusts
Authors: David Green
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—A recent report and press statement by the Healthcare Commission and Health Protection Agency (HPA) say that a third of NHS trusts are not adhering to government guidance on the prevention and control of Clostridium difficile infection. 1 2 In parallel, the chief medical and the chief nursing officers have written a joint letter to trusts' chief executives. 3 The letter says that guidance published in 1994 …
Acute low back pain: a new paradigm for management
Authors: R. A Deyo
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Objective</h3> To increase the number and quality of injury prevention recommendations made by Washington State (USA) child death review teams. <h3>Design</h3> Before and after study design involving four intervention teams and 21 comparison teams. <h3>Methods</h3> Intervention teams received injury prevention training, collaborative process improvement coaching, and access to web based prevention resources. An equal number of randomly selected child death review case reports filed with the state before the intervention by the intervention and comparison teams were included in the baseline sample. All reports submitted by the intervention and comparison teams after the intervention were included in the follow-up sample. Reports were scored on the completeness of prevention related data elements and on the quality of written prevention recommendations. <h3>Results</h3> Data completion for prevention relevant items increased in intervention teams from 73% at baseline to 88% at follow-up. In comparison teams, this measure fell from 77% to 56% over the same period. The quality of written recommendations produced by intervention teams increased from 4.3 (95% CI 3.4 to 5.1) to 7.6 (95% CI 6.7 to 8.5), while comparison teams showed no significant change (4.0 (95% CI 2.5 to 5.3) to 3.7 (95% CI 2.2 to 5.2)). Specifically, improvements were noted in the identification of evidence based best practices and the development of clear, actionable written recommendations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Injury prevention recommendations are generated in the systematic local review of child deaths. This process can be analysed, measured, supported, and improved.
ROENTGEN-RAY TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE CARCINOMAS OF THE URINARY BLADDER
Authors: HENRY SCHMITZ
Journal: JAMA (1926)

From January, 1915, to April, 1925, fifty-three cases of clearly inoperable and advanced primary carcinomas of the urinary bladder were treated with three different methods: twenty-one cases with radium; nineteen with a combination of cautery and radium or roentgen rays, and thirteen with roentgen rays only. The rapid and complete arrest of the growth and the subjective relief of a large number of the patients treated with the roentgen rays was so remarkable that it was deemed of value to render a report comprising the clinical observations made and a comparison of the results of treatment with the three methods employed.  CLASSIFICATION OF CANCERS  The cancers, with eight exceptions, were advanced. They were grouped according to the clinical grading elaborated by one of us 1 for cervical carcinomas; namely, A, primary carcinomas, which numbered thirty-four, and B, recurrent carcinomas, which numbered nineteen. The latter had recurred after a previous attempt
Keeping up with Gastroenterology
Authors: H. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This volume contains 52 controversial essays on 21 important topics in urology, together with brief, but pertinent, editorial introductions to and comments on the essays.Almost all the 58 contributors are American; only four are British.Emphasis is chiefly on surgical therapy but irradiation, chemo- therapy, and hormone treatment receive con- sideration in genital, renal, vesical, and prostatic cancer.The controversies con- sidered include the treatment of testicular tumours, carcinoma of the kidney and upper
The cystine/glutamate antiporter: when too much of a good thing goes bad
Authors: Kathryn J. Reissner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Glutamate excitotoxicity represents a major cellular component of ischemic brain injury. In this issue of the JCI, Soria and colleagues reveal that the cystine/glutamate exchanger is an important source of excitotoxic glutamate in response to ischemia induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation. As the exchanger is a primary determinant of both extracellular glutamate and intracellular glutathione, the findings from this study not only provide important insight into the mechanisms of brain ischemia but also demonstrate the complexity of the yin and yang of glutamate homeostasis and cellular redox balance.
Prevalence and Pathophysiologic Attributes of Ventricular Dyssynchrony in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Laurens F. Tops, Kalpana Prakasa, Harikrishna Tandri, Darshan Dalal, Rahul Jain, Veronica L. Dimaano, David Dombroski, Cynthia James, Crystal Tichnell, Amy Daly, Frank Marcus, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax, David Bluemke, Hugh Calkins, Theodore P. Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Variceal ligation plus nadolol compared with ligation for prophylaxis of variceal rebleeding: A multicenter trial
Authors: Joaquin de la Peña, Enric Brullet, Eloy Sanchez‐Hernández, Monserrat Rivero, Mercedes Vergara, Jose Luis Martin‐Lorente, Covadonga Garcia Suárez
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

β-Blockers and endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) have proven to be valuable methods in the prevention of variceal rebleeding. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of EVL combined with nadolol versus EVL alone as secondary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding. Patients admitted for acute variceal bleeding were treated during emergency endoscopy with EVL or sclerotherapy and received somatostatin for 5 days. At that point, patients were randomized to receive EVL plus nadolol or EVL alone. EVL sessions were repeated every 10 to 12 days until the varices were eradicated. Eighty patients with cirrhosis (alcoholic origin in 66%) were included (Child-Turcotte-Pugh A, 15%; B, 56%; C, 29%). The median follow-up period was 16 months (range, 1–24 months). The variceal bleeding recurrence rate was 14% in the EVL plus nadolol group and 38% in the EVL group (P = .006). Mortality was similar in both groups: five patients (11.6%) died in the combined therapy group and four patients (10.8%) died in the EVL group. There were no significant differences in the number of EVL sessions to eradicate varices: 3.2 ± 1.3 in the combined therapy group versus 3.5 ± 1.3 in the EVL alone group. The actuarial probability of variceal recurrence at 1 year was lower in the EVL plus nadolol group (54%) than in the EVL group (77%; P = .06). Adverse effects resulting from nadolol were observed in 11% of the patients. In conclusion, nadolol plus EVL reduces the incidence of variceal rebleeding compared with EVL alone. A combined treatment could lower the probability of variceal recurrence after eradication. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:572–578.)
Effect of loading conditions, contractile state, and heart rate on early diastolic left ventricular filling in conscious dogs.
Authors: C P Cheng, G L Freeman, W P Santamore, M S Constantinescu, W C Little
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

We investigated left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling in 10 normal conscious dogs that had been previously instrumented to measure LV and left atrial (LA) pressures and three orthogonal LV internal dimensions. LV volume was calculated as a general ellipsoid. The pressure within a passive structure increases as it is filled. If myocardial relaxation is rapid enough to substantially aid LV diastolic filling, it may overcome this effect and cause LV pressure to fall despite an increase in volume. Thus, we defined the amount of LV filling that occurred while LV pressure was falling as relaxation filling, which is a measure of the importance of LV relaxation during early diastolic filling. The time constant of relaxation (T) was derived from the exponential fall of LV pressure during isovolumic relaxation. While LV pressure was falling early in diastole (the relaxation filling period), all three LV diameters increased. Autonomic blockade with hexamethonium (5 mg/kg) and atropine (0.1 mg/kg) reduced relaxation filling from 21 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD) to 12 +/- 3% of the stroke volume (p less than 0.01). The mean LA pressure also was significantly decreased (from 12 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), while the duration of the relaxation filling period and T were unchanged. Positive inotropic stimulation with dobutamine (10 micrograms/kg/min) shortened T without changing LA pressure. The maximum LA-LV pressure gradient, dV/dtmax, and relaxation filling all increased. Augmented preload produced by dextran infusion (500 ml/10 min) caused an increase in LA pressure (from 11 +/- 3 to 21 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) without altering T. This also increased the maximum LA-LV pressure gradient, dV/dtmax, and relaxation filling. Augmented afterload produced by methoxamine (10 mg/3 min i.v.) significantly increased LA pressure (from 9 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and lengthened T (from 35 +/- 4 to 50 +/- 7 msec, p less than 0.05) and the duration of relaxation filling (from 36 +/- 5 to 44 +/- 9 msec, p less than 0.01) without altering the maximum LA-LV pressure gradient, dV/dtmax, or LV relaxation filling. Incremental changes in heart rate induced by atrial pacing (from 100-180 beats/min) resulted in progressive decreases in the time constant of LV relaxation and the duration of relaxation filling. The LA pressure was also decreased. There was no corresponding increase in the amount of active LV filling until the heart rate reached 180 beats/min. During all these interventions, T correlated with the duration of LV relaxation filling (r = 0.99. p less than 0.05). The amount of relaxation filling and dV/dtmax both correlated with the maximum LA-LV pressure gradient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Defective release of α granule and lysosome contents from platelets in mouse Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome models
Authors: Ronghua Meng, Jie Wu, Dawn C. Harper, Yuhuan Wang, M. Anna Kowalska, Charles S. Abrams, Lawrence F. Brass, Mortimer Poncz, Timothy J. Stalker, Michael S. Marks
Journal: Blood (2014)