tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is the time constant of the pulmonary circulation truly constant?
Authors: Juan C. Grignola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

I read with great interest the recent article by Delcroix et al. [1] on vascular and right ventricular remodelling in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). I found it very informative; however, I would like to comment on some of the statements that were made. In relation to pulmonary vascular remodelling, the authors have stated that in spite of there being proportionally more wave reflection in CTEPH, the RC (resistance×compliance) time constant of the pulmonary circulation is not different in CTEPH and pulmonary arterial hypertension. They invoked that the functional adaptation of the pulmonary circulation to vascular disease is monotonous (any change in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) determines proportional changes in pulmonary compliance ( C p)). Therefore, compliance and resistance are inseparably connected in health and disease, and after treatment [2]. The constant RC time also explains the proportional relationships between systolic and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) with mean pressure being linear relationships with a slope ( K sys and K dias, respectively) and intercept [3, 4]. Moreover, a constant PVR× C p product implies that right ventricular oscillatory power ( W osc) remains a constant fraction of total power ( W tot), irrespective of …
Smallpox Control History
Authors: Donald R. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Hemodynamic Results of Instrumental and Digital Valvotomy in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: F. L. GOBEL, D. J. ANDREW, J. M. WITHERSPOON, R. C. LILLEHEI, A. CASTANEDA, YANG WANG
Journal: Circulation (1969)

In order to evaluate the postoperative results from mitral valvotomy when patients were selected according to age, sex, cardiac rhythm, and mode of operation, the mitral valve area (MVA) was determined by cardiac catheterization in 32 patients before and 1 year following closed mitral valvotomy. There was a significantly greater increase in MVA in female patients, younger patients, and patients with sinus rhythm than in males, patients over 45 years of age, and patients with atrial fibrillation. Patients who had an instrumental valvotomy (20 patients) did not have a greater postoperative increase in MVA than patients who had a digital valvotomy (12 patients); however, patients with the largest postoperative MVA had instrumental valvotomy. The incidence of postoperative mitral insufficiency was similar in patients with digital and instrumental valvotomy. Small flecks of mitral valve calcification, as determined by preoperative image-intensification fluoroscopy, did not influence the postoperative MVA.
Current Concepts in the Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, and Related Disorders
Authors: Paul H. Plotz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, a category encompassing polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and a number of other disorders, is very uncommon, but has been the focus of intense study in the Arthritis and Rheumatism Branch of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases for the past several years. We describe the clinical picture, stressing the need for biopsy to ensure correct diagnosis. It is especially important to recognize the treatment-resistant variant, inclusion body myositis. The extraskeletal manifestations, particularly the cardiopulmonary, oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and endocrine involvement, are described. The cardiopulmonary involvement, especially interstitial lung disease, arrhythmias, and cardiac failure, may dominate the clinical picture. The known causes are varied, and include drugs, toxins, and some infectious agents, however, in most cases a cause cannot yet be identified. Circumstantial evidence suggests that picornaviruses may initiate some cases in humans, and a very similar disease in mice caused by a picornavirus is actively under study. Studies of autoantibodies and cellular immune function support a central role for disordered immunity in the pathogenesis. The myositis-specific autoantibodies, especially those directed at certain enzymes important in protein synthesis (the amino-acyl-transfer RNA synthetases), are found in a clinically distinct subset of patients. Although most patients respond initially to corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs are sometimes added when steroid toxicity or refractoriness develops. We describe several newer therapies under study for such cases and outline future directions in research.
Myocardial dysfunction during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M A Warnowicz, B A Santucci, H G Bucheleres, P Denes
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is associated with altered hemodynamics. We describe the echocardiographic features of myocardial dysfunction during a prolonged episode of PSVT in an 11-year-old male. The abnormality of the phases of cardiac activity presented as a markedly prolonged left ventricular systole (320 msec) and isovolumic relaxation phase (220 msec) and a shortened and delayed diastolic filling period (140 msec). These abnormalities reverted to normal immediately after spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm. Propranolol, which was used to prevent PSVT in this child, may have been involved in the mechanism of the altered mechanical events.
Evaluation of a Nurse-Care Management System to Improve Outcomes in Patients With Complicated Diabetes
Authors: C. Barr Taylor, Nancy Houston Miller, Kelly R. Reilly, George Greenwald, Darby Cunning, Allison Deeter, Liana Abascal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—This study evaluated the efficacy of a nurse-care management system designed to improve outcomes in patients with complicated diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In this randomized controlled trial that took place at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center in Santa Clara, CA, 169 patients with longstanding diabetes, one or more major medical comorbid conditions, and HbAlc &amp;gt;10% received a special intervention (n = 84) or usual medical care (n = 85) for 1 year. Patients met with a nurse-care manager to establish individual outcome goals, attended group sessions once a week for up to 4 weeks, and received telephone calls to manage medications and self-care activities. HbAlc, LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, BMI, and psychosocial factors were measured at baseline and 1 year later. Annualized physician visits were determined for the year before and during the study. RESULTS—At 1 year, the mean reductions in HbAlc, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were significantly greater for the intervention group compared with the usual care group. Significantly more patients in the intervention group met the goals for HbA1c (&amp;lt;7.5%) than patients in usual care (42.6 vs. 24.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.03, χ2). There were no significant differences in any of the psychosocial variables or in physician visits. CONCLUSIONS—A nurse-care management program can significantly improve some medical outcomes in patients with complicated diabetes without increasing physician visits.
From reductionism to reductionism
Authors: Fred L. Bookstein
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Neural organization attempts to thwart, at least in part, modern neuroscientists' tendency to focus reductionistically on ever smaller microsystems. But although emphasizing higher levels of systems organization, the authors end up enforcing reductionisms of their own, principally the reduction of their domain to the study of invariable normal functioning, without explicit modeling of the deviations that constitute disease states or aging. This reductionism seriously weakens the authors' claims about the truth of their quantitative models.
Populations of Cities in the Educational Number.
Authors: Byron E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Portland, Ore., Sept. 19, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the Educational Number ofThe Journal. August 25. in giving the population of cities, you give Portland. Ore., 98.655, and, while this is taken from the United States census of 1903, it places our city in an unfair position. Our city to-day has a population variously estimated at from 150.000 to 200.000. From all available sources the conservative estimate places our city at 175.000, and this is not "hot air." We have substantial facts to bear us out. I have asked Governor Chamberlain. Mayor Harry Lane, M.D., of Portland, Auditor Devlin of Portland, and Tom Richardson, manager of the Portland Commercial Club, for estimates, and will enclose their replies. Portland has not been advertised as most western cities have been, and is comparatively little known in the East, and it is only just to give us the prominence to which we
Extracellular calcium effects on cell viability and thiol homeostasis.
Authors: D J Reed, G A Pascoe, C E Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Studies of chemically induced cell injury and death, which have used as model systems freshly isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatocytes in culture, are discussed. An important model uses the omission of Ca2+ from the medium during rat hepatocyte incubations. Ca2+ omission induces an intense oxidative stress within hepatocytes incubated in a 95% O2 + 5% CO2 atmosphere. The relationship of calcium homeostasis to the parameters of oxidative stress is important to understanding the progression from reversible to irreversible injury. In the Ca2+ omission model, the vitamin E (Vit. E) content of hepatocytes is important for the prevention of cell injury. Recent studies with rat hepatocytes show that ruthenium red (RR) and La3+, which block Ca2+ translocation through the mitochondrial uniport, can prevent malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, reduced glutathione (GSH), and protein-SH loss, Vit. E loss, and LDH leakage induced by Ca2+ omission from the incubation medium. Ca2+ omission promoted a marked loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (delta phi) that was prevented by RR, EGTA, Vit. E, and desferrioxamine. The absence of extracellular Ca2+ may cause mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling that contributes to the observed oxidative stress, resultant loss of cell viability, and protein thiol homeostasis. Chemical agents including a glutathione-depleting agent, ethacrynic acid, and a redox cycling agent, adriamycin, increase the loss of cell viability caused by a Ca2(+)-free medium, but they have some additional effects on cellular processes. The demise of cell viability by the agent is also preventable by Vit. E supplementation. Ca2+ has a role in cell injury that appears to uniquely involve mitochondrial homeostasis.
THE SULPHURIC ACID TREATMENT OF CHOLERA AND OTHER CHOLERAIC DISEASES.
Authors: E. CHENERY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The cholera, like nearly all the other choleraic diseases, is a most dangerous and deceitful disease. In the first place, it cheats its victims by the decided luxury of the early diarrhŒa and therefore puts the person off his guard. In the second place, it does its work all too often in the interior by draining the watery portion of the blood into the bowels without its appearance externally. The often mysterious and sudden cases are largely of this kind, the copious external flood coming down later in the disease, or on relaxation of the sphincter at death. In both these respects the public should be informed, that proper aid may be early sought. To these points for the people, I want to add the most emphatic of all for the profession—that the true choleraic discharges are<i>alkaline</i>, while those of cholera infantum are mostly<i>acid</i>. Therefore the alkaline treatment
STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL IMMUNITY INDUCED BY ARTIFICIAL ANTIGENS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. Azoproteins containing structurally isomeric aldobionic acids evoke in rabbits antibodies which are both serologically and immunologically specific. 2. Antigens containing the azobenzyl glycosides of the synthetic gentio-biuronic and glucuronic acids evoke in rabbits antibodies which confer passive immunity on mice against infection with multiple lethal doses of virulent Type II pneumococci.
Associations between Plasma DDE Levels and Immunologic Measures in African-American Farmers in North Carolina
Authors: Glinda S. Cooper, Stephen A. Martin, Matthew P. Longnecker, Dale P. Sandler, Dori R. Germolec
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Experimental studies in rodents demonstrate evidence of immunosuppressive effects of dietary exposure to DDT [2,2-bis((italic)p(/italic)-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], but human data pertaining to immunomodulating effects of DDT exposure are limited. In this study we examined the association between the persistent organochlorine breakdown product 1,1-dichloro-2,2,bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene p,p'-DDE) and immunologic measures using blood samples in a relatively highly exposed population of farmers in the United States. Levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG and the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in relation to plasma p,p'-DDE levels were evaluated in samples from 137 African-American male farmers (30-88 years of age; median, 64 years). Participants were recruited through black churches in four rural counties in eastern North Carolina. Data collection included a telephone interview pertaining to farming practices and health history, and one blood sample was collected from each participant. Linear and logistic regression, adjusting for age, cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking status, and years of any kind of pesticide use, was used to assess the association between immunologic parameters and plasma levels of p,p'-DDE. The median plasma p,p'-DDE concentration was 7.7 microg/L (range, 0.6-77.4 microg/L). There was no association between p,p'-DDE and IgA in any of the models. IgG levels decreased with increasing p,p'-DDE levels, with a statistically significant decrease of approximately 50% in the highest two categories of exposure (greater than or equal to 6.0 microg/L) compared with values of < 3.0 microg/L. Sixteen (12%) were positive for antinuclear antibodies. The prevalence of antinuclear antibodies was somewhat elevated in the highest category of p,p'-DDE exposure (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-11.3; for > or = 12.0 microg/L compared with < 3.0 microg/L p,p'-DDE), but this difference was not statistically significant. These analyses provide evidence that p,p'-DDE modulates immune responses in humans.
888-1 N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide predicts cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: A LIFE study
Authors: Michael H Olsen, Kristian Wachtell, Christian Hall, Hans Ibsen, Jens Rokkedal, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Richard B Devereux, Björn Dahlöf, Per Hildebrandt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
NSAIDs Modulate CDKN2A, TP53, and DNA Content Risk for Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Patricia C Galipeau, Xiaohong Li, Patricia L Blount, Carlo C Maley, Carissa A Sanchez, Robert D Odze, Kamran Ayub, Peter S Rabinovitch, Thomas L Vaughan, Brian J Reid
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Somatic genetic CDKN2A, TP53, and DNA content abnormalities are common in many human cancers and their precursors, including esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and Barrett's esophagus (BE), conditions for which aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proposed as possible chemopreventive agents; however, little is known about the ability of a biomarker panel to predict progression to cancer nor how NSAID use may modulate progression. We aimed to evaluate somatic genetic abnormalities with NSAIDs as predictors of EA in a prospective cohort study of patients with BE. Methods and Findings Esophageal biopsies from 243 patients with BE were evaluated at baseline for TP53 and CDKN2A (p16) alterations, tetraploidy, and aneuploidy using sequencing; loss of heterozygosity (LOH); methylation-specific PCR; and flow cytometry. At 10 y, all abnormalities, except CDKN2A mutation and methylation, contributed to EA risk significantly by univariate analysis, ranging from 17p LOH (relative risk [RR] = 10.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.2–21.3, p < 0.001) to 9p LOH (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.1–6.0, p = 0.03). A panel of abnormalities including 17p LOH, DNA content tetraploidy and aneuploidy, and 9p LOH was the best predictor of EA (RR = 38.7; 95% CI 10.8–138.5, p < 0.001). Patients with no baseline abnormality had a 12% 10-y cumulative EA incidence, whereas patients with 17p LOH, DNA content abnormalities, and 9p LOH had at least a 79.1% 10-y EA incidence. In patients with zero, one, two, or three baseline panel abnormalities, there was a significant trend toward EA risk reduction among NSAID users compared to nonusers (p = 0.01). The strongest protective effect was seen in participants with multiple genetic abnormalities, with NSAID nonusers having an observed 10-y EA risk of 79%, compared to 30% for NSAID users (p < 0.001). Conclusions A combination of 17p LOH, 9p LOH, and DNA content abnormalities provided better EA risk prediction than any single TP53, CDKN2A, or DNA content lesion alone. NSAIDs are associated with reduced EA risk, especially in patients with multiple high-risk molecular abnormalities.
THE INCIDENCE OF RECURRENT RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: C. C. McLEAN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Respiratory infections comprise one of the great problems of the day from both an economic and a social standpoint. Sydenstricker<sup>1</sup>of the United States Public Health Service found that more than half of the total deaths were due to respiratory diseases, notwithstanding the fact that the ratio of respiratory illnesses to deaths from respiratory causes was 300 to 1. These figures are almost identical with the statistics of the United States Army.<sup>2</sup> Respiratory infections are responsible for more than half the time lost by the wage earner due to illness. The percentage of children who lose time from school as the result of respiratory infections is probably higher than that of the wage earner. I feel that anything, no matter how small, that might help directly or indirectly to a better understanding of the clinical manifestations of the disease, in the hope that in the future it might
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis: A Cardiac Risk Factor?
Authors: Ulrich P. Jorde
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 July 1997Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis: A Cardiac Risk Factor?Ulrich P. Jorde, MDUlrich P. Jorde, MDAlbert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-1-199707010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with great interest the case series of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis from Westchester County Medical Center, New York [1]. As the authors point out, the disease in their series seemed to be relatively benign if treated early. The prevalence of significant comorbid conditions compared with that in patients in previous studies from the midwestern United States would be of interest. It is also noteworthy that 2 of the 18 patients presented with chest pain (notably, this patient did not have arthralgias or myalgias) and syncope, respectively. Cardiac manifestations of another tickborne illness, Lyme disease, have been ...REFERENCE1. Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, McKenna DF, Nowakowski J, Munoz J, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:904-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Ulrich P. Jorde, MDAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Bronx, NY 10461 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1997Volume 127, Issue 1Page: 89-90KeywordsCase seriesEhrlichiosisHeart diseasesInfectious diseasesIschemiaLyme diseaseMedical risk factorsMyalgiaSyncopeTicks ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Investigation for Evidence of Subclinical Trichinosis
Authors: V. D. van Someren
Journal: BMJ (1937)

BRLTTSHand those authors were able to show a substantial reduc- tion in the number which developed complications.Con- firmation of the efficacy of the particular drug employed was obtained from its beneficial effects in another con- dition caused by the haemolytic streptococcus treated in this hospital-namely, erysipelas.It is also reported by many workers that prontosil is not active towards certain strains of haemolytic streptococci.This may have some bearing upon the present findings.In order to study the effect of larger doses the following amounts of para-benzylaminobenzenesulphonamide are being given in a further series of cases of scarlet fever: Cases under 5 years of age, 1 gramme thrice daily for seven days; then 0.5 gramme thrice daily for seven days.Cases over 5 years of age, 1 gramme four times daily for seven days; then 0.5 gramme four times daily for seven days.So far twenty-two cases have been treated, with the following results.Five cases have developed complications (rhinitis 1, adenitis 1, relapse 2, impetigo 1), and there have been two cases of ,toxic erythema.Although the number is small there is no reduction in the incidence of complications. SummaryIn a series of strictly controlled cases of scarlet fever during the period July, 1936, to May, 1937, the adminis- tration of para-benzylaminobenzenesulphonamide was found to have no significant effect upon the duration of the initial pyrexia, the initial toxaemia, or the incidenc6 of complications.Various reasons for this finding are advanced.I personally incline to the belief that a com- bination of three factors is responsible-namely, the mild- ness of the disease; the fact that a haemolytic strepto- coccus which is not affected by the sulphonamides, or only slightly affected, was the causative organism; and that while it is less toxic the para-benzylaminobenzenesulphonamide is also less active than its companion reduction products.
Upregulation of miR-18a-5p contributes to epidermal necrolysis in severe drug eruptions
Authors: Asako Ichihara, Zhongzhi Wang, Masatoshi Jinnin, Yuki Izuno, Naoki Shimozono, Keitaro Yamane, Akihiko Fujisawa, Chikako Moriya, Satoshi Fukushima, Yuji Inoue, Hironobu Ihn
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)