tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebrospinal Fluid in Brain Tumors
Authors: Theodore Diller
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> InThe Journalof July 26, 1913, p. 265, Dr. M. J. Karpas states that "in tumor of the brain of non-luetic genesis the fluid is free from pathologic findings." I may say without going into the literature for quotations that a number of cases of non-luetic brain tumors have been reported in which the spinal fluid showed a positive result from Noguchi's modification of the Wassermann test and increased cell-count. I have had two such cases myself. In one of these cases in which I had originally made a diagnosis of brain tumor I revised the same to cerebrosyphilis on the basis of the laboratory report. The necropsy showed non-specific tumor at the pontocerebellar angle. Therefore, that the spinal fluid may in cases of non-specific brain tumor show increased cell-count and positive Noguchi test appears to me as a matter of very considerable clinical importance.
Lumbosacral Skin Lesions as Markers of Occult Spinal Dysraphism
Authors: David E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Early treatment of occult spinal dysraphism may prevent progressive neurological deficits. However, diagnosis is often delayed until the onset of irreversible neurological damage. A review of data from the literature and patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital suggests that lumbosacral skin abnormalities such as tufts of hair, hemangiomas, lipomas, skin tags, or pigmented nevi should alert the physician to search for occult spinal dysraphism. In the asymptomatic patient with a skin lesion, roentgenography of the lumbosacral spine is a useful screening procedure for identifying treatable underlying problems.
Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant
Authors: David G. Rupar
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<i>Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant</i>would at first appear to have a narrowly selected niche in the medical environment. However, problems discussed in this text are common enough to be of immediate interest to obstetricians, neonatologists, family practitioners, and pediatricians. The consequences of infection to this especially vulnerable host may be immediate or may not be observed for years or even decades, when problems require the specialized intervention of ophthalmologists, audiologists, neurologists, developmental pediatricians, or immunologists. In the preface to the third edition, the editors target this wide audience, but put special emphasis on the primary care physician. Previous editions made this textbook the standard of the field. Alternative resources were "how-to" volumes such as the<i>Red Book</i>and general textbooks of pediatric infectious diseases, which, by their very nature, were limited in depth of coverage. Since the second edition (1983), those who care for the unborn
The Kidney and Rheumatic Disease
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A testimony to the growth of information (if not always knowledge) about the rheumatic diseases is the proliferation of books and journals, which is now almost exponential. Only a few years ago, most of the articles in the field were case reports, with an occasional scientific study defining the discipline. The scientific studies soon were seen more frequently until one and then another journal devoted solely to the rheumatic diseases appeared. These nurtured some review articles; by this time, there were enough articles to warrant reviews. Several journals emerged that devoted their pages almost exclusively to review articles. By definition, a review article presents what is known about a restricted aspect of a field—a disease, a syndrome, affliction of an organ, and mechanisms. Now we have reached a stage where even review articles may not be enough. Butterworths, a respected English publisher, has begun a series of review<i>books</i>in
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: an updated analysis of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization experience
Authors: Matteo Di Nardo, Franco Locatelli, Kenneth Palmer, Antonio Amodeo, Roberto Lorusso, Mirko Belliato, Corrado Cecchetti, Daniela Perrotta, Sergio Picardo, Alice Bertaina, Sergio Rutella, Peter Rycus, Vincenzo Di Ciommo, Bernhard Holzgraefe
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Detection of Protein Bound Vitamin B12 Malabsorption
Authors: MARVIN H. LUCAS, ABDEL-HAMEED H. ELGAZZAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The Schilling test is used to identify the cause of vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels. The initial step required for vitamin B12 absorption is a process of separation from the protein complexes of food. The crystalline Co-57 vitamin B12 used in the Schilling test does not reproduce this physiologic process. Thus, a crystalline stage I Schilling test may be normal even in the face of cobalamin malabsorption. An adjunctive stage I Schilling test using Co-57 vitamin B12 bound to protein has been developed. The authors describe a patient with protein-bound vitamin B12 malabsorption whose crystalline Co-57 vitamin B12 stage I Schilling test was normal. A subsequent stage I Schilling test using Co-57 vitamin B12 bound to chicken serum revealed significant cobalamin malabsorption. A review of the history and literature of this diagnostic test using protein bound vitamin B12 is also presented.
A Swimming-Associated Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Colitis Caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella Sonnei
Authors: William E. Keene, Jeremy M. McAnulty, Frederick C. Hoesly, L. Paul Williams, Katrina Hedberg, Gary L. Oxman, Timothy J. Barrett, Michael A. Pfaller, David W. Fleming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In the summer of 1991, simultaneous outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of bloody diarrhea caused by Shigella sonnei were traced to a lakeside park near Portland, Oregon.We identified cases primarily from routine surveillance reports. In case-control studies, the activities of persons with park-associated E. coli O157:H7 or S. sonnei infections were compared independently with those of three sets of controls. We also evaluated environmental conditions at the park and subtyped the bacterial isolates.We identified 21 persons with park-associated E. coli O157:H7 infections (all of them children; median age, six years) and 38 persons with S. sonnei infections (most of them children). These 59 people had visited the park over a 24-day period. Their illnesses were not associated with food or beverage consumption. All the case patients reported swimming, however, and in case-control studies swimming was strongly associated with both types of infection (P = 0.015 or less). The case patients were more likely than the controls to report having swallowed lake water, and they had spent more time in the lake. Numbers of enterococci indicative of substantial fecal contamination (geometric mean, > 50 per deciliter) were detected in the swimming area during some but not all of the outbreak period. Park-associated E. coli O157:H7 isolates were identical by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were distinguishable from other isolates in the Portland area.Lake water that was fecally contaminated by bathers was the most likely vehicle for the transmission of both the E. coli O157:H7 and the S. sonnei infections. The unusually prolonged outbreak suggests both the survival of these enteric organisms in lake water and a low infectious dose.
Enzyme Levels After Running
Authors: Catherine A. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The material presented in a recent article, "A Run for the Record: Studies on a Trans-American Ultramarathoner" (1981;245: 367), may not reflect the spectrum of biochemical changes occurring because of ultramarathon running. That article listed blood chemical analyses done for Stan Cottrell three days after he reportedly ran 167.25 miles in 24 hours. The test results for Cottrell are not nearly as dramatic as results this author conducted for a 28-year-old man the day after the subject's completion of a 100-mile run in 18 hours. The subject had an SGOT value of 1,720 IU/L (normal range, 8 to 33 IU/L); lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), 1,750 IU/L (normal range, 100 to 190 IU/L); and SGPT, 406 IU/L (normal range, 3 to 36 IU/L). No value for creatine phosphokinase was obtained. These results must be compared with values taken before the race, as follows: SGOT, 84 IU/L; LDH, 394 IU/L;
Routine Pathological Examination of Hemorrhoids-Reply
Authors: Cecilia M. Fenoglio
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I believe that Dr Barnett is wrong in saying that the clinician can judge what is present in hemorrhoids better than a pathologist. When there is a large, grossly visible lesion, the surgeon is more capable of diagnosing it and determining the extent of the disease process. However, all pathologists can recount many instances in which a neoplastic lesion has been missed by the clinician, through either lack of experience or failure to take the time to examine the tissues. I wonder how many surgeons carefully examine each hemorrhoid that is removed for the possibility of gross abnormalities. This is something that the pathologist is trained to do as part of the gross description. When I was at Columbia, we encountered an unexpected finding in hemorrhoids approximately once every 18 months. Sometimes these findings were of minimal importance to the patient. At other times they were of much
Triple mode of action of flecainide in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: reply
Authors: M. B. Sikkel, T. P. Collins, C. Rowlands, M. Shah, P. O'Gara, A. J. Williams, S. E. Harding, A. R. Lyon, K. T. MacLeod
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

We thank Steele et al . for their interest and comments regarding our recent study focusing on the effects of INa reduction on spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release.1 In the context of the authors' previous publications regarding the mechanism of action of flecainide at the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2),2–4 it appears they have interpreted our study as an attempt to infer that flecainide has no effect on RyR2. We would like to clarify this misinterpretation.

Our work demonstrates that a reduction in Na+ influx into the cardiomyocyte can, via the enhancement of Ca2+ efflux through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, reduce [Ca2+]i in the vicinity of the RyR2 and thus reduce the frequency of spontaneous SR Ca2+ release events. We demonstrate that this is a class effect of INa blockers, and that flecainide causes no reduction in SR Ca2+ leak when INa is eliminated by altering the holding potential via voltage clamp. This mechanism also appears to be relevant in whole-heart models of arrhythmia induced by increased SR Ca2+ release as evidenced by recent data from Radwanski et al .5

Our data should not be taken as a dismissal of the effects of flecainide at RyR2. We merely conclude that, under our experimental conditions, INa blockade confers a greater reduction in spontaneous SR Ca2+ release than effects at the RyR2. Flecainide has been …
Lesion of the area postrema region attenuates hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: M L Mangiapane, K M Skoog, P Rittenhouse, M L Blair, C D Sladek
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

To determine whether the area postrema contributes to the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), sham or electrolytic lesions of the area postrema (AP) were made in 4-week-old SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. From weeks 5 through 16, systolic pressure was measured via tail plethysmography. While blood pressure rose markedly in sham-operated SHR, increases in pressure were small in AP-ablated SHR and similar to those seen in all WKY. Subsequent direct measurements of mean arterial pressure in the same rats showed a significant correlation (r = 0.87, p less than 0.01) with the pressure data acquired via weekly tail-cuff measurement, thereby confirming that hypertension in AP-ablated SHR had indeed been attenuated. Analysis of several hundred computer-acquired measurements of mean arterial pressure from each rat showed that AP ablation shifted the distribution of mean arterial pressure to a lower range in SHR but not WKY. Ablation of the AP also decreased resting heart rate in SHR but not WKY. Suppression of heart rate in response to intravenous phenylephrine was equivalent in sham-operated and AP-ablated rats, suggesting that baroreflex-mediated slowing of heart rate was not impaired. In response to intravenous angiotensin II, suppression of heart rate was similar in sham and AP-ablated SHR, and actually was enhanced in AP-ablated WKY. Histological evaluation of the lesions indicated that visible damage to the adjacent nuclei of the solitary tracts was confined to a small portion of the commissural nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of aminophylline on brain tissue oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: G J Addis
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Effect of aminophylline on brain tissue oxygenation in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease Nishimura and colleagues (December 1992; 47:1025-9) introduce their study of blood gas changes immediately following intravenous theophylline and ethylenediamine by citing two unreliable and misleading references'2 to the upsetting effect of theophylline on children's behaviour.They are only loosely related because ethylendiamine is not inert and these papers concern long term oral theophylline alone.The first study which claimed that "teach- ers could easily discriminate between chil- dren on theophylline and on placebo" used 53 questions irredeemably skewed by restrict- ing the answers to "average," "somewhat more," or "much more."Two questions, "gets into fights?"and "gets angry easily?" reached 5% significance.The rest-the same questionnaire to parents and four psychmotor tests-found nothing.These questions missed 13 of the 20 on treatment so the teachers' scores were actually twice as often wrong as right.The claim is therefore positively misleading.Even more so is the implication that teachers by themselves could tell which children were on theophylline.Not cited by the present authors is a more careful similar study3 with negative findings.In the second study,' school behaviour problems "spontaneously raised" by earlier parents were not confirmed by comparing behaviour checklists and five psychomotor tests with controls.The authors noted the same degree of worsening in the control group in the remaining test as of improvement in the group changed to cromoglycate.They gave no data to support their further claim of "improvement on all concentration measures" in that group.Choosing these two references indirectly and correctly implies that there is no evi- dence of impairment in adults.It is not mentioned in the many acute studies car- ried out over decades with aminophylline, and was not found by those who used appropriate tests.It would have been good to have simultaneous cognitive or psychomotor data from Nishimura's study since its uniquely valuable features cannot easily be repeated.
Green paper on safety of young drivers has stalled
Authors: S. Jones, F. McKenna, S. Stradling, N. Christie, T. Mullarkey, D. Davies, E. Box, J. Townsend, J. Dalton
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Alcohol minimum unit pricing is not the only evidence based public health policy that has failed to materialise recently.1

In January 2013, we believed that the UK government would, as promised, publish its green paper on young driver safety in the spring.

In the UK, motor vehicle crashes account for a quarter of deaths in 15-19 year olds.2 The …
The Rand Experiment and Economical Health Care
Authors: Alain C. Enthoven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Does prepaid group practice actually reduce the cost of health care, or are the apparent reductions the result of a favorable selection of health risks? About 40 comparison studies have found that prepaid group practices reduce per capita cost some 10 to 40 per cent, largely as a result of a 25 to 45 per cent reduction in hospital use.1 Although these findings have been replicated in many different employee groups and in studies that controlled for age and sex and sometimes tested for measurable differences in health status, the suspicion has always remained that somehow these savings might be . . .
Use of Psychoactive Medication and the Quality of Care in Rest Homes
Authors: Jerry Avorn, Paul Dreyer, Kathleen Connelly, Stephen B. Soumerai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract Rest homes have become a major component of the health care system for frail elderly persons and deinstitutionalized psychiatric patients. Although psychoactive medications are frequently used in rest homes, there is little detailed information about the extent of such use, its supervision, or its effects. In a survey of a random sample of 55 rest homes in Massachusetts, we found that 55 percent of the residents were taking at least one psychoactive medication. Antipsychotic medications were being administered to 39 percent; of these, 18 percent were receiving two or more such drugs. In a follow-up investigation, we studied 837 residents in 44 rest homes with particularly high levels of antipsychotic-drug use. About half the residents had no evidence of participation by a physician in decisions about their mental health during the year of the study. A third of the residents had performance deficits on mental-status testing that indicated serious cognitive impairment, although the causal relation of such impairment to medication use could not be determined. Six percent had evidence of moderate or severe tardive dyskinesia, probably as a side effect of medication. An assessment of staff competence revealed a low level of comprehension of the purpose and side effects of commonly used psychoactive drugs. We conclude that psychoactive drugs are widely used in rest homes, with little medical supervision or understanding by staff members of their possible side effects. (N Engl JMed 1989;320:227–32.)
Role of Inflammation-Related Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Richard Maier, Iris Steinbrugger, Anton Haas, Maksida Selimovic, Wilfried Renner, Yosuf El-Shabrawi, Christoph Werner, Andreas Wedrich, Otto Schmut, Martin Weger
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Prophylaxis in liver transplant recipients using a fixed dosing schedule of hepatitis B immunoglobulin
Authors: N A Terrault, S Zhou, C Combs, J A Hahn, J R Lake, J P Roberts, N L Ascher, T L Wright
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Prophylactic hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) reduces the risk of reinfection in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–positive liver transplant recipients. In the medical center of this study, high–dose HBIg immunoprophylaxis is administered at a fixed dose of 10,000 IU monthly, and in this study, the long–term efficacy of this treatment regimen was examined. Of 52 HBsAg–positive liver transplant recipients, 24 were administered HBIg immunoprophylaxis, and 28 were administered no specific therapy; the 2–year recurrence rates (defined by the reappearance of HBsAg) were 19% and 76%, respectively. Fifty–four percent of the HBIg–treated patients were positive for HBeAg or hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (by hybridization assay) pretransplantation. In patients administered monthly HBIg, intrapatient and interpatient variability in trough antibody to HBsAg (anti–HBs) titer was significant, highlighting the potential difficulties of using anti–HBs titer to guide therapy. Trough anti–HBs titers were less in patients who became HBsAg positive than in patients who remained HBsAg–negative (490 vs. 1290 mIU/mL) ( P = .0001), reflecting either the cause or effect of HBV reinfection. Of 9 patients who remained HBsAg–negative and who were administered monthly HBIg for at least 1 year, HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction amplification was detectable in the sera of 67%, the lymphocytes of 50%, and the liver of 57%. In conclusion, a fixed monthly dose of HBIg reduces the recurrence of HBs antigenemia, even in patients with indices of active viral replication pretransplantation. The presence of residual virus in the majority of patients administered HBIg suggests that long–term HBIg administration may be necessary.
US hospital rating systems rarely agree, study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Four influential rating systems that rank US hospitals use such different criteria and methods that they rarely agree, potentially confusing consumers and making it difficult for hospitals trying to use the ratings to improve the quality of their care, a new study concludes.

The researchers looked at the criteria, methods, and rating results of four well known hospital rating systems: the US News “Best Hospitals” list, HealthGrades, the Leapfrog Group, and Consumer Reports.

J Matthew Austin, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality in Baltimore, Maryland, was the lead author of the paper, which …
Sexual Activity in Midlife Women and Beyond
Authors: Raymond C. Rosen, James A. Simon
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Practical Urology: Essential Principles and Practice
Authors: Navin C. Shah
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal