tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelin-1 and heme oxygenase-1 as modulators of sinusoidal tone in the stress-exposed rat liver
Authors: Hauke Rensing, Inge Bauer, Jian X. Zhang, Markus Paxian, Benedikt H. J. Pannen, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Mark G. Clemens, Michael Bauer
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is up-regulated after ischemia/reperfusion and contributes to maintenance of hepatic perfusion and integrity. Blockade of HO-1 leads to an increased portal pressor response in the stress-exposed liver. We tested whether the increase in portal pressure reflects unmasking of a concomitant up-regulation of the vasoconstrictor endothelin (ET)-1. Hemorrhagic shock induced messenger RNAs encoding HO-1 (16-fold) and ET-1 (9-fold) with a similar time course in the liver. At maximum induction of both mediators, rats received either vehicle or the endothelin ETA/B antagonist bosentan (10 mg/kg intravenously). Subsequently, the HO pathway was blocked in all animals by tin-protoporphyrin (SnPP)-IX (50 μmol/kg intravenously). Portal and sinusoidal hemodynamics were measured using microflow probes and intravital microscopy, respectively. Blockade of the HO pathway led to a significant increase in portal resistance (sham/SnPP-IX, 0.17 ± 0.046 mm Hg · min · mL−1; shock/vehicle/SnPP-IX, 0.57 ± 0.148 mm Hg · min · mL−1; P < 0.05) and a decrease in sinusoids conducting flow (shock/vehicle/SnPP-IX: baseline, 28.3 ± 0.85 sinusoids/mm; 10 minutes after SnPP-IX, 23.1 ± 1.09 sinusoids/mm; P < 0.05). Intravital microscopy showed narrowing of failing sinusoids colocalizing with stellate cells after blockade of the HO pathway. Blockade of ETA/B receptors attenuated the increase in portal resistance (shock/bosentan/SnPP-IX, 0.29 ± 0.051 mm Hg · min · mL−1) and prevented sinusoidal perfusion failure (shock/bosentan/SnPP-IX: baseline, 28.2 ± 0.97 sinusoids/mm; 10 minutes after SnPP-IX, 28.8 ± 1.18 sinusoids/mm) as well as sinusoidal narrowing. In conclusion, a functional interaction of the up-regulated vasodilatory HO system and the vasoconstrictor ET-1 on the sinusoidal level exists under stress conditions. Both mediator systems affect sinusoidal diameter via direct action on hepatic stellate cells in vivo. (HEPATOLOGY2002;36:1453–1465).
Tuberculosis and social exclusion: New approach is needed
Authors: Graham H Bothamley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Walker et al show convincingly that drivers and other occupants of heavy four wheel drive vehicles are safer in crashes than those in smaller or lighter vehicles and those on foot or cycle. 1 They also show that drivers of these vehicles use mobile phones more often and seat belts less often than drivers of other cars.But by conflating mobile phone use (which distracts drivers) and non-use of seat belts (which makes drivers feel less safe) as equally important examples of illegal and dangerous practices they have sown confusion and undermined the prospect of a constructive approach to road safety.Using mobile phones and not using seatbelts have opposing consequences for other road users.The distraction caused by mobile phones increases the threat to others, but the non-use of seat belts decreases it.As the authors note, deaths of pedestrians, cyclists, and rear seat passengers increased (by 8%, 13%, and 28% respectively) after laws mandating the use of seat belts in front seats were introduced in the United Kingdom.
The long and the short of interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Mark D. Gorrell, Amany Zekry, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Andrew Lloyd, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem, with nearly 170 million infected individuals worldwide. Current treatment for chronic infection is a combination of pegylated IFN-α2 and ribavirin (RBV); however, this treatment is effective in fewer than 50% of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 or 4. Recent studies identified the chemokine CXCL10 (also known as IP-10) as an important negative prognostic biomarker. Given that CXCL10 mediates chemoattraction of activated lymphocytes, it is counterintuitive that this chemokine correlates with therapeutic nonresponsiveness. Herein, we offer new insight into this paradox and provide evidence that CXCL10 in the plasma of patients chronically infected with HCV exists in an antagonist form, due to in situ amino-terminal truncation of the protein. We further demonstrated that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4; also known as CD26), possibly in combination with other proteases, mediates the generation of the antagonist form(s) of CXCL10. These data offer what we believe to be the first evidence for CXCL10 antagonism in human disease and identify a possible factor contributing to the inability of patients to clear HCV.
THE USE OF CICATRICIAL SKIN FLAPS IN THE OPERATION FOR ECTROPION OF THE UPPER LID.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In my paper on skin grafting read last year at our meeting in Baltimore, I pointed out the superiority of Thiersch's skin grafts over the thick skin flaps usually employed in the operations for ectropion of the upper lid. I said, "occasionally, however, the skin flaps taken from the vicinity of the everted lid possess all the conditions necessary for a perfect cosmetic result." I had in mind the thin, glistening cicatricial skin which usually covers the vicinity of the everted upper lid. In several cases where the eyebrows had been destroyed to such an extent that a large flap could be cut from this cicatricial skin above the lid, I used such skin flaps as a substitute for the lost lid skin, and found that, contrary to the general belief, these flaps could be transplanted as successfully as the flaps of normal skin, and that their use has several
Protective effect of verapamil on vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion
Authors: W. W BROOKS, R. L VERRIER, B. LOWN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The effects of verapamil on vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation were studied in 55 chloralose-anaesthetised dogs. Ventricular fibrillation threshold was measured before and during a 10 min period of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and following abrupt release of occlusion.The action of intravenous verapamil (0.01 mg·kg−1·min−1, following a 0.1 mg·kg−1 bolus) on vulnerability to fibrillation was examined before and during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. While the infusion of verapamil did not alter the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the nonischaemic myocardium, the vulnerable period threshold was raised and the incidence of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation was reduced both after coronary artery occlusion and release. Since cardiocardiac sympathetic reflexes are elicited in response to coronary artery occlusion, the effect of verapamil on vulnerability during left stellate ganglion stimulation and during noradrenaline infusion was investigated. Verapamil completely prevented the reduction in vulnerable period threshold during sympathetic nerve stimulation or noradrenaline infusion. This study suggests that the antifibrillatory action of verapamil during coronary artery occlusion may be, in part, related to antagonism of enhanced adrenergic input to the heart, while the mechanism of protection during reperfusion is as yet uncertain.
636 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AMINO ACIDS 70 AND 91 IN THE HCV CORE REGION AND SECOND-PHASE VIRAL DECLINE DURING ANTIVIRAL THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH HCV 1B
Authors: R. Nakao, H. Yatsuhashi, S. Hashimoto, M. Fukuda, Y. Tamada, R. Hamada, A. Nishikawa, S.K. Bae, M. Tateyama, Y. Motoyoshi, S. Nagaoka, N. Taura, K. Yanagi, S. Abiru, K. Yano, A. Komori, H. Ishibashi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Regulation of C. elegans Fat Uptake and Storage by Acyl-CoA Synthase-3 Is Dependent on NR5A Family Nuclear Hormone Receptor nhr-25
Authors: Brendan C. Mullaney, Raymond D. Blind, George A. Lemieux, Carissa L. Perez, Ida C. Elle, Nils J. Faergeman, Marc R. Van Gilst, Holly A. Ingraham, Kaveh Ashrafi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Dyspepsia: The Clinical Consequences.
Authors: P MOAYYEDI
Journal: Gut (2001)

Dyspepsia: The Clinical Consequences. Edited by V Heatley, P Moncur (£69.50). UK: Blackwell Science, 2000. ISBN 0-632-05458-1.

Dyspepsia is like pornography—everyone thinks they know what it is but no one can agree on a definition. This is where the analogy ends, however, as there are plenty of books on pornography but few have been written on dyspepsia compared with other areas of gastroenterology. Out of idle curiosity I searched the Internet for books on irritable bowel syndrome and found 25 published in the past five years compared with only three titles specifically on dyspepsia. This is surprising given that dyspepsia …
Drugs and Group Psychotherapy in Neurotic Depression
Authors: LINO COVI, RONALD S. LIPMAN, LEONARD R. DEROGATES, JAMES E. SMITH, JOSEPH H. PATTISON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

Chronically depressed neurotic women outpatients were randomly assigned, after a two-week placebo washout period, to receive one of three medications (imipramine, diazepam, or placebo) and to either weekly group psychotherapy or biweekly brief supportive sessions at one of two clinics. Analyses of covariance for the first 16 weeks of active treatment (N = 146) indicated a marked therapeutic advantage for imipramine on most of the outcome measures. No advantage for group therapy was detected on these measures. Patients who showed improvement were continued in further controlled drug treatment for up to a total of 71 weeks; preliminary analyses of this phase showed some continuing advantage for treatment with imipramine.
Clinical Study of Urinary Excretion of Ga-67
Authors: SHUNICHI NAKANO, YOSHIHISA HASEGAWA, KEIJIROU IBUKA, TERUMI HASHIZUME, ATUSI NOGUCHI, JUNNOSUKE KOJIMA, FUJIKO SASAKUMA, SHIGEYUKI ISHIGAMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Ga-67 urinary excretion was examined in 59 patients. The 72-hour urinary excretion rate ranged from 4.3 to 67.8% of the injected dose. Within the first 24 hours, 60.9% of the 72-hour urinary excretion was excreted. There was no significant difference in the Ga-67 urinary excretion rate between males and females, nor between the Ga-67 positive and negative cases. A significant negative correlation was found between the 72-hour Ga-67 urinary excretion rate and the unsaturated iron binding capacity. Notably, four patients with hyperferremia, which was considered secondary to leukemia and/or chemotherapy or liver cirrhosis, excreted more than 46.8% of Ga-67 within 72 hours. A significant negative correlation was also found between the 72-hour Ga-67 urinary excretion rate and age. Urinary excretion of Ga-67 may be related to the glomerular filtration rate, which decreases with age.
FOUR GENERATIONS OF POLYMASTIA
Authors: GEORGE H. KLINKERFUSS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In reviewing the literature since 1837 under anomalies of the breast, I noted that the hereditary factor in polymastia was pointed out by Lichtenstern,<sup>1</sup>Peterquin,<sup>2</sup>Bonnet,<sup>3</sup>Neugebauer<sup>4</sup>and Otani.<sup>5</sup> Of the seven cases at Barnes Hospital and the Washington University outpatient clinic, in the last year, it has been possible to trace the heredity of this anomaly in but one family. In this instance it was found in four generations. According to Champneys and Bowley,<sup>6</sup>Bacon<sup>7</sup>and Seitz,<sup>8</sup>there is a distinction to be drawn between true polymastia (micromammae) and accumulations of breast tissue, or glands that histologically resemble breast tissue and are independent of the normally located breasts. They assert that many cases of so-called polymastia described by the earlier writers (Otani,<sup>5</sup>Iwai<sup>9</sup>and Kayser<sup>10</sup>) are merely an hypertrophy and differentiation of the large sweat glands of the
Medical devices. Significant risk vs nonsignificant risk
Authors: R. J. Sherertz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

A RECENT experience at our institution demonstrates a pitfall that awaits essentially any hospital in this country if its institutional review board (IRB) is not careful to distinguish between a significant risk device study and a nonsignificant risk device study. <h3>CASE STUDY</h3> In 1992, our infection control department was approached by a well-known manufacturer of medical devices that wished to sponsor a randomized trial involving three urinary catheters. Two of the catheters were already marketed. The third catheter, the study catheter, was the same as one of the marketed catheters, but it had an additional anti-infective coating. Based on prior investigations of the study catheter outside the United States, our IRB approved the research protocol provided by the manufacturer. In the research protocol, the manufacturer stated it considered the study catheter to be "a nonsignificant risk device," and the manufacturer asked that our IRB write its See also p 968.
Iduna protects the brain from glutamate excitotoxicity and stroke by interfering with poly(ADP-ribose) polymer-induced cell death
Authors: Shaida A. Andrabi, Ho Chul Kang, Jean François Haince, Yun Il Lee, Jian Zhang, Zhikai Chi, Andrew B. West, Raymond C. Koehler, Guy G. Poirier, Ted M. Dawson, Valina L. Dawson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
New Treatment for Leukemia
Authors: Jane E. Henney
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The FDA has approved arsenic trioxide (Trisenox injection, Cell Therapeutics Inc, Seattle, Wash) for induction of remission or consolidation in patients with acute promyelotic leukemia (APL) who are refractory to or have relapsed from all transretinoic acid– and anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol for renal osteodystrophy.
Authors: R Ahmad, B Large
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Whether Drs Brooks and Harrington's patient developed malignancy after the diagnosis of coeliac disease was made and some clinical improvement was obtained after gluten withdrawal or whether it was present initially, precipitating overt manifestations of gluten intolerance, it is not possible to say.It is certainly believed that failure of a patient with newly diagnosed coeliac disease to respond to gluten withdrawal or relapse occurring after previous control by diet is suggestive of the development of malignancy.'The view that intestinal malignancy may cause flattening of the jejunal mucosa and present as "the coeliac syndrome" is no longer held.
Effects of 5-Fluorouracil and 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine on Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: C. Gordon Zubrod
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IT IS CLEAR that drugs can induce complete remission of several types of widespread malignant disease. Such successful chemotherapy has been limited to relatively uncommon tumors—the leukemias and lymphomas, some childhood sarcomas, and endocrine tumors such as trophoblastic tumors and adrenal cortical carcinoma. Potent drugs have not been forthcoming for the common tumors—those originating in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract, the bronchus, and the uterine cervix, and the adenocarcinomas of the breast and gastrointestinal tract. Since 1957, a number of observations have been made about the use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FUDR) in patients with cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, and it is my purpose in this paper to review the present status of these agents. The basic observation that led to interest in these compounds was that of Rutman and his colleagues,<sup>1</sup>in 1954. They found that rat hepatomas, as compared to normal rat liver,
Does a functional activity programme improve function, quality of life, and falls for residents in long term care? Cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: N. Kerse, K. Peri, E. Robinson, T. Wilkinson, M. v. Randow, L. Kiata, J. Parsons, N. Latham, M. Parsons, J. Willingale, P. Brown, B. Arroll
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effectiveness of an activity programme in improving function, quality of life, and falls in older people in residential care. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled trial with one year follow-up. <b>Setting</b> 41 low level dependency residential care homes in New Zealand. <b>Participants</b> 682 people aged 65 years or over. <b>Interventions</b> 330 residents were offered a goal setting and individualised activities of daily living activity programme by a gerontology nurse, reinforced by usual healthcare assistants; 352 residents received social visits. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Function (late life function and disability instruments, elderly mobility scale, FICSIT-4 balance test, timed up and go test), quality of life (life satisfaction index, EuroQol), and falls (time to fall over 12 months). Secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms and hospital admissions. <b>Results</b> 473 (70%) participants completed the trial. The programme had no impact overall. However, in contrast to residents with impaired cognition (no differences between intervention and control group), those with normal cognition in the intervention group may have maintained overall function (late life function and disability instrument total function, P=0.024) and lower limb function (late life function and disability instrument basic lower extremity, P=0.015). In residents with cognitive impairment, the likelihood of depression increased in the intervention group. No other outcomes differed between groups. <b>Conclusion</b> A programme of functional rehabilitation had minimal impact for elderly people in residential care with normal cognition but was not beneficial for those with poor cognition. <b>Trial registration</b> Australian Clinical Trials Register ACTRN12605000667617.
Associations between Body Weight, Psychiatric Disorders and Body Image in Female Adolescents
Authors: Barbara Buddeberg-Fischer, Richard Klaghofer, Victoria Reed
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; The study explored associations between body weight, psychiatric disorders and body image in a nonclinical sample of female adolescents. It was also investigated whether complaints of negative body image could be an indicator of psychiatric morbidity. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A sample of 136 Swiss female high school students, 15–20 years of age, initially had weight, height and body image (FBeK questionnaire) assessed and were screened for psychiatric morbidity (SSQ). Subsequently, they were assessed using the DIA-X psychiatric interview which generates DSM-IV diagnoses. Univariate, multivariate, regressive and canonical correlation analyses were performed. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Being overweight was significantly correlated with a more negative body image (attractiveness/self-confidence). There were also significant correlations between psychiatric diagnoses and unfavorable body image (3 of the 4 FBeK scales). Besides having a more disturbed body image, overweight subjects also evidenced more psychiatric morbidity. The multiple regression analysis revealed that psychiatric disorders had the greatest association with negative body image, followed by age and weight. The canonical correlation indicated that body image, psychiatric disorder, age and weight clearly correlated with one another (R&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.43). &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Psychosomatic research should be more concerned about issues of obesity and concurrent psychiatric morbidity and aim to develop preventative as well as therapeutic treatment methods. Physicians should be aware of the associations between obesity, negative body image and psychiatric morbidity.
Small-Cell Carcinoma of Lung: Reinduction Therapy After Late Relapse
Authors: GERALD BATIST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Some patients with small-cell carcinoma of lung can be expected to achieve long-term disease-free survival. However, relapses may occur even after 2 years. Information on the treatment of these patients is sparse, although response rates to "salvage" therapy in patients with progressive disease while receiving treatment are poor. We report six patients who had relapses after more than 2 years in complete remission. Five patients were retreated with chemotherapy including some or all of the drugs in the initial treatment, and four had responses with a median duration of 10 months (range, 2 to 18 months). Thus retreatment with chemotherapy similar to the initial treatment can occasionally achieve second responses persisting up to 1 year or longer. The high incidence of patients who have relapses after 2 years confirms previous data on relatively slow growth rates in small-cell carcinoma.
Myeloperoxidase attracts neutrophils by physical forces
Authors: Anna Klinke, Claudia Nussbaum, Lukas Kubala, Kai Friedrichs, Tanja K. Rudolph, Volker Rudolph, Hans-Joachim Paust, Christine Schröder, Daniel Benten, Denise Lau, Katalin Szocs, Paul G. Furtmüller, Peter Heeringa, Karsten Sydow, Hans-Jürgen Duchstein, Heimo Ehmke, Udo Schumacher, Thomas Meinertz, Markus Sperandio, Stephan Baldus
Journal: Blood (2010)
Diabetes as a Way of Life
Authors: Alan J. Lippman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Fears and uncertainties persist among diabetic patients despite improvements in therapeutic management. Dr. Danowski provides here, for the nonprofessional reader, a detailed but remarkably clear consideration of the nature and management of the condition. He discusses the role of insulin as well as the importance of proper diet, and, while urging caution in the use of the new oral hypoglycemic agents, notes that they offer the possibility for more versatile control. The author deals with such frequent questions as: "What makes diabetes worse?" and "Can diabetes be cured?" He discusses the nature and management of acidosis and coma and of insulin shock, as well as considering special problems in childhood and in pregnancy. Pertinent questions and answers and a glossary are included, in addition to an appendix which contains instructions for testing urine, an explanation of the differences in various insulin preparations, and a roster of lay diabetes societies. The
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Patient with Hemophilia
Authors: KATHLEEN C. DAVIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A patient with hemophilia A developed T-cell deficiency characterized by infection with several opportunistic pathogens. Immunologic investigation showed cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte unresponsiveness to mitogens and antigens, an abnormal ratio of T-helper and T-suppressor cells with absolute lymphopenia and elevated IgA. The clinical and immunologic characteristics of this patient fit the recently described syndrome of opportunistic infections or Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with acquired T-cell deficiency; however, this patient does not have any of the associated underlying risk factors such as homosexuality, intravenous drug or amyl nitrite use, or positive serologic tests for syphilis. We conclude that the patient's acquired T-cell deficiency can be explained by exposure to a virus or other transmissible agent during factor VIII transfusions.