tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Diastolic Blood Pressure in Systolic Hypertension
Authors: Harold Smulyan, Michel E. Safar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Because antihypertensive therapy is effective in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension, attention has been focused on the systolic blood pressure as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. However, it is a normal diastolic pressure that separates patients with isolated systolic hypertension from those with essential hypertension. The normal diastolic and elevated systolic pressures are largely due to age-related stiffening of the aorta. An indistensible aorta causes the pressure pulse to travel faster than normal, where it is quickly reflected off the peripheral resistance. The reflected wave then returns to the central aorta in systole rather than diastole. This augments the systolic pressure further, increasing cardiac work while reducing the diastolic pressure, on which coronary flow is dependent. The potential harm of further reducing the diastolic pressure with antihypertensive therapy, especially in patients with coronary heart disease, underlies the controversial "J curve." By decreasing the blood pressure, all antihypertensive agents improve aortic distensibility, but no agents do so directly; the nitrates come the closest. Such an agent would be useful because any therapeutic increase in aortic distensibility would decrease systolic pressure without greatly reducing diastolic pressure. The problem is complicated by the suspected inaccuracy of the cuff technique in predicting the aortic diastolic pressure. New noninvasive methods to predict the aortic diastolic pressure may help in the future. At present, the combination of a high systolic and normal diastolic pressure—a widened pulse pressure—seems to be the best predictor of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension or heart disease. Patients with isolated systolic hypertension should be treated, but marked diastolic hypotension should be avoided.
Wetherbee Ail
Authors: Madelaine R. Brown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

PROGRESSIVE muscular atrophy has never been considered hereditary, although occasionally two members of a family have been reported as having the disease. During a study of the old records at the Massachusetts General Hospital of cases diagnosed as progressive muscular atrophy, two reports were found of patients who said that the disease had been present in several generations of their families.Case ReportsCase 1. In 1872 a 40-year-old chairmaker from Gardner, Massachusetts, entered the Massachusetts General Hospital and was discharged with the diagnosis of progressive muscular atrophy. In 1874 a pamphlet entitled "Muscular Atrophy" written by himself was added . . .
P2-09-11: Role of 18FDG-PET/CT in the Staging of Large Primary Operable Breast Cancer.
Authors: D Groheux, S Giacchetti, A-S Hamy, L Vercellino, M Delord, N Berenger, M-E Toubert, J-L Misset, E Hindié, M Espié
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Prospective evaluation of the role of 18FDG-PET/CT in patients with large primary operable breast cancer. Material and Methods: During 56 months, consecutive patients with large (&amp;gt;2cm) breast cancer and clinical stage IIA/IIB/IIIA (based on clinical examination, mammography, breast MRI and ultrasonography) underwent 18FDG-PET/CT. The nuclear physician was blind to the results of any other procedure (bone scan, chest X-ray, liver ultrasound, or thoraco-abdominal CT scan). Results: Out of the 131 examined patients, 36 had clinical stage IIA (34 T2 N0, 2 T1 N1), 48 stage IIB (20 T3 N0, 28 T2 N1), and 47 stage IIIA (29 T3 N1, 9 T2 N2, 9 T3 N2). 18FDG-PET/CT modified staging for 5.6% of stage IIA patients, for 14.6% of stage IIB patients, and for 27.6% of stage IIIA patients. However, within stage IIIA, the yield was specifically high among the 18 patients with N2 disease (56% stage modification). When considering stage IIB and primary operable IIIA (T3 N1) together, the yield of 18FDG-PET/CT was 13% (10/77); extra-axillary regional lymph nodes were detected in 5 and distant metastases in 7 patients. In this series, 18FDG-PET/CT outperformed bone scan with only 1 misclassification versus 8 for bone scan (p=0.036). Discussion: 18FDG-PET/CT provided useful information in 13% of patients with T3 N0 / T2 N1 / T3 N1 disease. The yield was more modest in patients with T2 N0 disease. The very high yield in the case of lymph nodes classified N2 demonstrates that stage IIIA comprises two quite distinct groups of patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-11.
Localised visceral immunocytoma associated with serological findings suggesting systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: S Dux, S Pitlik, J B Rosenfeld, J Pick, M Ben-Bassat
Journal: BMJ (1984)

2 observations rares: association d'immunocytome visceral localise, gammopathie monoclonale, et serologie suggerant un lupus erythemateux dissemine. Le lupus semble avoir precede de plusieurs annees l'apparition de l'immunocytome dans les 2 cas
913 USING SHORT-TERM MONOTHERAPY AND IN VITRO DATA TO MAKE EARLY PREDICTIONS OF CLINICAL HCV RESPONSE: EXAMPLES FROM MK-5172, A SECOND GENERATION HCV NS3/4A PROTEASE INHIBITOR
Authors: R.B. Nachbar, J.A. Stone, A. Petry, B. Poland, L. Caro, L.A. Wenning, A. Khan, J. Palcza, K. Van Dyck, I. Fraser, N. Mobashery, E. O'Mara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Bedside Diagnostic Examination: A Comprehensive Pocket Textbook
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. DeGowin has tried to do the impossible, and has almost succeeded. Within the confines of a book small enough to fit a coat pocket, he presents "both the methods of examination and diagnostic findings from internal medicine, general surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology, neurology, urology, orthopedics, and gynecology." Only obstetrics and pediatrics (and psychiatry) are omitted. To cover that encyclopedic scope, Dr. DeGowin has produced a miniature encyclopedia. He describes the examination of each region in enough detail to instruct the neophyte, and he lists physical abnormalities in enough varied abundance to enlighten the expert. Despite the frequently staccato style necessary to pack in all the information, the book is well written, flavored with many anecdotes and pleasant personal touches, including Dr. DeGowin's willingness (rare among medical authors) to refer to himself as "I." To complete the tour de force, Dr. DeGowin has prepared his own illustrations as line drawings
FDG PET/CT and Enhanced CT Imaging of Tumor Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Hua Yu, Yang Wang, Hui Dong, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Tumor heterogeneity is used to define the appearance of different histological differentiation within a single neoplasm. We present a case of single hepatocellular carcinoma showing both low and high FDG uptake areas. The low FDG uptake area was corresponding to low-grade HCC, and the high FDG uptake area was corresponding to high-grade HCC. This case indicates that the tumor grades affect intratumoral heterogeneity in FDG distribution. FDG PET/CT can be useful for guiding tissue sampling of the HCC with heterogeneous histological differentiations, and obviating overestimation or underestimation of the proportion of the higher-risk cell population.
Some physical efficiency tests on Bengalese football goalkeepers.
Authors: A. K. De
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1979)

Simple anthropometric measurements and physical efficiency tests were conducted on 21 Football Goalkeepers from West Bengal, India. The age of the subjects varied between 18--24 years (av. 21.1). The Vital Capacity (total ml/cm of height, L/m2 of surface area) and the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (total, L/cm of height, L/kg of body weight, L/m2 of surface area, L/age) were noted to be higher in the subjects of the present study than those reported for average healthy Indian population, but lower than values from top Indian athletes. The values of grip strength observed in this study could not be compared because of unavailability of Indian norms. The higher values of physical efficiency tests observed in these subjects in comparison to those of average Indian populations were probably due to training effects.
PRKDC mutations associated with immunodeficiency, granuloma, and autoimmune regulator–dependent autoimmunity
Authors: Anne-Laure Mathieu, Estelle Verronese, Gillian I. Rice, Fanny Fouyssac, Yves Bertrand, Capucine Picard, Marie Chansel, Jolan E. Walter, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Manish J. Butte, Kari Christine Nadeau, Krisztian Csomos, David J. Chen, Karin Chen, Ana Delgado, Chantal Rigal, Christine Bardin, Catharina Schuetz, Despina Moshous, Héloïse Reumaux, François Plenat, Alice Phan, Marie-Thérèse Zabot, Brigitte Balme, Sébastien Viel, Jacques Bienvenu, Pierre Cochat, Mirjam van der Burg, Christophe Caux, E. Helen Kemp, Isabelle Rouvet, Christophe Malcus, Jean-Francois Méritet, Annick Lim, Yanick J. Crow, Nicole Fabien, Christine Ménétrier-Caux, Jean-Pierre De Villartay, Thierry Walzer, Alexandre Belot
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Jejunoileal bypass for obesity.
Authors: M Baddeley
Journal: BMJ (1977)

drug were studied.They all showed an increase in serum lactate, ketones, and nonesterified fatty acids and a decrease in serum bicarbonate, indicating the development of compensated metabolic acidosis.These findings in normal patients dictate increased care in the use of salbutamol, particularly in diabetic women, in whom the exaggerated changes in glycolysis and lipolysis may contribute to the development of severe acidosis.
Orthopedic Implications of Myelodysplasia
Authors: John T. Hayes
Journal: JAMA (1963)

As the result of improvements in neurosurgical care and the control of infection by antibiotics, many children with congenital anomalies of the spinal cord are surviving beyond infancy. The most common basic condition is lumbar myelomeningocele. Knowing the anatomical level of the neurological lesion, one can predict with considerable accuracy the operative and nonoperative measures which will give the child maximum functional capacity. The orthopedic procedures which have been of greatest value to those children were arthrodesis of the foot and ankle, tendon transplantations about the foot, and a modification of Mustard's iliopsoas transfer to control paralytic dislocation of the hip. Complications of treatment are frequent in areas of decreased sensation. Recurrent infection and neurotrophic joint changes have been serious problems.
Caring for Bereaved Patients
Authors: Holly G. Prigerson, Selby C. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Despite the frequency with which physicians encounter bereaved patients, medical training offers little guidance in the provision of bereavement ("after") care. Physicians are often uncertain of how to distinguish between normal and pathological grief reactions in their bereaved patients, and how to manage their health care. Bereavement is associated with declines in health, inappropriate health service use, and increased risk of death. Identifying and intervening on behalf of bereaved patients could help address those increased risks. We examine the experience of a woman widowed for 2 years to illustrate distinctions between symptoms and outcomes of uncomplicated and complicated grief, recommend approaches to physician interactions with bereaved patients, and offer guidelines for professional intervention in aftercare.
Domestic Violence: The Role of Alcohol-Reply
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> I appreciate Dr Atwood's comments on the pervasiveness of alcohol abuse and the great suffering it has caused American families. Yet I disagree that domestic violence is a "sign" of substance abuse, and I urge caution when assuming a causal relationship between these two behaviors. Each stems from different underlying factors, and although many families are dually affected by both behaviors, the strength of any correlation between the two is still debated. The tendency to "alcoholize" wife assault can lead to the erroneous conclusion that violent behavior will cease with abstinence from alcohol. Family violence literature clearly demonstrates that alcoholics who abuse their wives continue to do so after they have completed alcohol cessation programs. Physicians, therefore, must learn to recognize and ask about both problems, and recovery programs for dually affected families must address both behaviors to be effective. Unlike alcoholism, a disease with at least
Glycolytic inhibition and calcium overload as consequences of exogenously generated free radicals in rabbit hearts.
Authors: M C Corretti, Y Koretsune, H Kusuoka, V P Chacko, J L Zweier, E Marban
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of reperfusion injury, but it is unclear how they exert their deleterious effects on cellular metabolism. Several lines of indirect evidence suggest that free radicals elevate intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and inhibit glycolysis as part of their mechanism of injury. We tested these ideas directly in hearts subjected to hydroxyl radicals produced by the Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained from Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts before, during, and after 4 min of perfusion with H2O2 (0.75 mM) and Fe(3+)-chelate (0.1 mM). Isovolumic left ventricular pressure exhibited progressive functional deterioration and contracture after exposure to H2O2 + Fe3+. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra revealed partial ATP depletion and sugar phosphate accumulation indicative of glycolytic inhibition. To measure [Ca2+]i, fluorine NMR spectra were acquired in a separate group of hearts loaded with the Ca2+ indicator 5F-BAPTA [5,5'-difluoro derivative of 1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane- N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid]. Mean time-averaged [Ca2+]i increased from 347 +/- 14 nM in control to 1,026 +/- 295 nM 4 min after free radical generation (means +/- SEM, n = 7), and remained elevated thereafter. We conclude that free radicals induce clear-cut, specific derangements of cellular metabolism in the form of glycolytic inhibition and calcium overload. The observed increase in [Ca2+]i suggests that the deleterious effects of free radicals are at least partially mediated by secondary changes in cellular calcium homeostasis.
Assessment of aminopyrine and methacetin 13C-breath tests in HCV-related chronic liver disease
Authors: Marcello Candelli, Alessandro Armuzzi, Maria Assunta Zocco, Enrico Celestino Nista, Francesco Bartolozzi, Elena Sanz-Torre, Antonio Grieco, Luca Miele, Cristiana Di Campli, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Antonio Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
CD28/B7 Regulation of Th1 and Th2 Subsets in the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Deborah J Lenschow, Kevan C Herold, Lesley Rhee, Bina Patel, Ann Koons, Hui-Yu Qin, Elaine Fuchs, Bhagarith Singh, Craig B Thompson, Jeffrey A Bluestone
Journal: Immunity (1996)
Residual plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13 is correlated with phenotype severity in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Luca A. Lotta, Haifeng M. Wu, Ian J. Mackie, Marina Noris, Agnes Veyradier, Marie A. Scully, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Paul Coppo, Ri Liesner, Roberta Donadelli, Chantal Loirat, Richard A. Gibbs, April Horne, Shangbin Yang, Isabella Garagiola, Khaled M. Musallam, Flora Peyvandi
Journal: Blood (2012)
Should the Risk of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Deter Hepatitis B Vaccination?
Authors: Henry S. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The current epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and fear that its causative agent contaminates the currently available hepatitis B vaccine may have deterred vaccine use. We formulated a decision-analytic model that compares the risk of death from hepatitis B and AIDS in those vaccinated with the risk of death from hepatitis B alone in those who wait two years for a synthetic vaccine. For individuals with 5% annual risk of hepatitis B, the best current estimate is that vaccination now would save 25 lives per 100,000. The best current estimate of the rate of vaccine-induced AIDS is zero, and one can be 95% confident that the rate is less than eight per 100,000. The rate would have to be considerably higher before postponement of vaccination would be rational for those for whom vaccination has been recommended. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:3375-3377)
"DIATHERMY IN CALCIFIED SUBDELTOID BURSITIS"
Authors: Norman E. Titus
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —Arthur L. Fisher (The Journal, October 24, p. 1324), San Francisco, takes good exception to the article on Action of Diathermy in Calcified Subdeltoid Bursitis, by Dr. Joseph F. Harris (The Journal, October 10, p. 1134). In that article Dr. Harris reports only one case. Dr. Fisher also cites the well known occurrence that for some unknown reason the calcification of bursae sometimes disappears without treatment. This could hardly be the situation with Dr. Harris' case, the symptoms of which condition existed seven years.  I have had a few cases of this condition to treat in which diathermy plus static brush discharge has been used, and at the meeting of the American Academy of Physiotherapy in New York during September, 1923, eleven such cases were reported. All the roentgenograms and their diagnoses, both before and after treatment, were made outside my office, some of them having been
Antiarrhythmic Prophylaxis in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The mortality of patients hospitalized because of acute myocardial infarction has been lowered approximately from 30 per cent to 20 per cent through initial treatment in coronary-care units. Lives have been saved mainly by forestalling the development of catastrophic primary arrhythmias through prophylactic administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. This therapy is generally begun upon detection of minor dysrhythmias that are asymptomatic and hemodynamically innocuous but are considered premonitions of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The appearance of frequent, multifocal, repetitive, or "R on T" premature ventricular contractions is the most widely accepted cue for starting a prophylactic lidocaine infusion. Unfortunately, ventricular fibrillation . . .
P755Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of neuregulin-1 in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: C Maia-Rocha, P Mendes-Ferreira, R Adao, D Santos-Ribeiro, BS Alves, GW De Keulenaer, AF Leite-Moreira, C Bras-Silva
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Neuregulin (NRG)-1 has been implicated in several processes regulating cardiac development, as well as cardiac and vascular homeostasis. It was previously shown, in an experimental model of MCT-induced PAH, that NRG-1 treatment is able to restore PAH-induced severe abnormalities in cardiac function and structure. This study investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms to the beneficial effects of NRG-1 in myocardial function, in the same animal model of induced PAH. Male Wistar rats randomly received monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/Kg,sc) or vehicle. After 14 days, animals received NRG-1 (40μg/Kg/day,ip) or vehicle, resulting in 4 groups: CTRL; CTRL+NRG-1; MCT; MCT+NRG-1. RV sample collection for were performed 21-24 days after MCT administration. Only significant results (mean±SEM, p<0.05) are given. NRG-1/ErbB system components expressions in MCT animals are changed. We observed increased levels of NRG-1 in RV (11.1±2.8 vs 1.0±0.3 AU, MCT vs CTRL), which were reversed by NRG-1 treatment (MCT+NRG-1: 0.7±0.5 AU), and decreased levels of ErbB4 in all MCT animals (MCT: 0.6±0.2 and MCT+NRG-1: 0.7±0.15 AU). We also found increased levels of ErbB2 (2.0±0.3 AU), ADAM-17 (2.1±0.3 AU) and ADAM-19 (2.7±0.3 AU), and increased eNOS expression (2.0±0.3 AU) in the RV of MCT animals that not reversed with NRG-1 treatment. MCT treatment led to altered GLUT1 expression (4.1±0.5 AU) and NRG-1 treatment attenuated this increase (1.7±0.3 AU). GLUT4 was increased in all animals treated with NRG-1 (CTRL+NRG-1: 1.4±0.1; MCT+NRG-1: 1.5±0.2 AU). Increased RV caspase 3 (MCT: 4.4±0.4 AU) and plasmatic expression of IL-6 and TNF-α (IL6: 2.7±0.7 AU; TNF-α: 1.7±0.3 AU) were attenuated by NRG-1 treatment (caspase 3: 1.7±0.3 AU; IL6: 2.0±0.4 AU; TNF-α: 1.5±0.4 AU). Moreover, we found that the increased expression of BNP (17.5±2.2 AU), ET-1 (5.0±1.2 AU) and HIF-1α (4.3±1.1 AU) observed in MCT animals was attenuated or reversed with NRG-1 therapy (MCT+NRG-1: 5.6±1.9; 1.7±0.7; 1.4±0.1 AU, respectively). In conclusion, we show that NRG-1 treatment is able to restore the changes in expression of markers of cardiac overload, hypertrophy and hypoxia induced by PAH. These beneficial effects of NRG-1 are associated with the modulation of different signaling pathways, namely apoptotic, metabolic, survival/ proliferation, and inflammation pathways.
The Management of Trauma
Authors: Arthur J. Donovan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The number of victims of trauma remains high, and there is a need for a text that provides reliable and easily retrievable information on their treatment. For several reasons, the third edition of<i>The Management of Trauma</i>, first published in 1968, fulfills this need. Fifty-eight authorities have been chosen to discuss the general pathophysiology of the events associated with trauma, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of specific injuries to every organ and system of the body. Specialists in any one discipline can, with ease, review the fundamentals of associated injuries that involve other systems. Revisions made on previous editions reflect recent developments and are appropriate. Almost the first one fourth of the text is devoted to shock, vital organ function, and the diagnosis and treatment of organ failure. In the latter instance, renal and pulmonary failure are stressed. These introductory chapters are among the most valuable components of