tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of Referral Patterns on the Use of Chemotherapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Craig C. Earle, Peter J. Neumann, Richard D. Gelber, Milton C. Weinstein, Jane C. Weeks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the extent to which unexplained variation in the use of chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer is due to access to oncologists’ services as opposed to treatment decisions made after seeing an oncologist. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 12,015 patients over age 65 diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer between 1991 and 1996 while living in one of 11 regions monitored by a Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registry. Assessment by an oncologist and subsequent treatment with chemotherapy were determined by examining linked Medicare claims. RESULTS: Of patients who did not receive chemotherapy, 36% were never assessed by a physician who provides chemotherapy. Patients living in certain areas, those diagnosed in more recent years, and those who received care in a teaching hospital were all more likely to see a cancer specialist. These factors were unrelated to subsequent treatment decisions, however. Conversely, age and comorbidity did not have a significant effect on whether a patient was seen by an oncologist, but they were associated with the likelihood of subsequently receiving chemotherapy. Black race, probably acting as a proxy for lower socioeconomic status, was associated with both a diminished likelihood of seeing a cancer specialist and subsequently receiving chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Nonmedical factors are important determinants of whether a lung cancer patient is seen by a physician who provides chemotherapy. After seeing such a physician, treatment decisions seem to be mostly explained by appropriate medical factors. Racial and socioeconomic disparities still exist at both steps, however. As therapeutic options expand, referring physicians must ensure that biases and barriers to care do not deprive patients of the opportunity to consider all of their treatment options.
Amyloid, advanced glycation end products, and dialysis related arthropathy
Authors: S P MCDONALD, P T H COATES, A P S DISNEY
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Dialysis associated arthropathy (DRA) is a syndrome peculiar to long term dialysis patients. It includes large and small joint symptoms, pathological fractures through bony cysts and an axial spondyloarthropathy, and is closely associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is characterised by deposition of β2 microglobulin (β2M) as an amyloid protein. This was first linked to the osteoarticular syndrome 12 years ago.1 Several other forms of bone and joint pathology also occur more frequently in dialysis patients, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, gout, pseudogout, and aluminium induced bone disease.2 

Prevalence of DRA is closely related to age and years of dialysis treatment. Symptoms develop in some patients within four to five years of treatment and are almost universally present in those who have been treated by haemodialysis for 15 years.2-4 The number of patients in this at risk group is steadily increasing; in Australia the proportion of patients with over 10 years exposure to dialysis treatment has remained constant around 6% over the past decade but the total number of patients needing dialysis treatment has doubled and the proportion over 65 years rose from 18% to 35%.5 Other Western countries face a similar problem.

Several active areas of investigation and debate remain. The nature of the β2M deposition has been intensively studied, with recent demonstration of non-enzymatic modification of β2M to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The roles of different dialysis membranes and techniques in the production and clearance of β2M and the genesis of DRA continues to be actively investigated, although there have been few major technological advances in this area over the past five years.

β2M is a 11.8 kDa polypeptide. The light chain of the HLA class I complex, it is expressed on the cell membrane of all nucleated cells. Freely filtered across the …
Total complement, fractions C3, C4 and renal puncture biopsy in the dermatological connective tissue disorders without functional renal involvement
Authors: R. Touraine, G. Lagrue, J. Revuz, Mlle Hirbec, Mme Intrator, J.P. Farcet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Total complement, fractions C3, C4 and renal puncture biopsy in the dermatological connective tissue disorders without functional renal involvement Get access R. Touraine, R. Touraine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Lagrue, G. Lagrue Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Revuz, J. Revuz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mlle Hirbec, Mlle Hirbec Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mme Intrator, Mme Intrator Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. Farcet J.P. Farcet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Pages 32–33, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12497.x Published: 01 July 1974
Synthesis of antibodies, including antiviral antibodies, in the knee joints of patients with arthritis.
Authors: C A Mims, A Stokes, R Grahame
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Serum and synovial fluids from 16 patients with seronegative arthritis and eight with rheumatoid arthritis were studied for immunoglobulin levels and for antibody levels to five viruses. When allowances were made for the distribution of immunoglobulins between serum and synovial fluid there was evidence that in several patients antibody to one or more viruses was synthesised locally in the joint. IgG and especially IgM were present in greatly increased amounts in arthritic joints compared with normal joints. On the basis of serum/synovial fluid ratios inflammation and local immunoglobulin synthesis are discussed as possible causes. These results are compared with antiviral antibody and immunoglobulin ratios observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.
The effect of measurement error on the dose-response curve.
Authors: I Yoshimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In epidemiological studies for an environmental risk assessment, doses are often observed with errors. However, they have received little attention in data analysis. This paper studies the effect of measurement errors on the observed dose-response curve. Under the assumptions of the monotone likelihood ratio on errors and a monotone increasing dose-response curve, it is verified that the slope of the observed dose-response curve is likely to be gentler than the true one. The observed variance of responses are not so homogeneous as to be expected under models without errors. The estimation of parameters in a hockey-stick type dose-response curve with a threshold is considered on line of the maximum likelihood method for a functional relationship model. Numerical examples adaptable to the data in a 1986 study of the effect of air pollution that was conducted in Japan are also presented. The proposed model is proved to be suitable to the data in the example cited in this paper.
TUBERCULOSIS OF ANIMALS IN SOME OF ITS RELATIONS TO HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: D. E. SALMON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is not necessary to consume time in demonstrating the importance of a thorough consideration, from every point of view, of the subject of tuberculosis. The importance of such a study is now generally recognized. As smallpox was the great medical problem at the close of the 18th century, so tuberculosis was the most urgent problem at the end of the 19th century. According to Newsholme,<sup>1</sup>smallpox reached its highest point in England in 1796, when 18.5 deaths out of every 100 total deaths were caused by that disease. Tuberculosis was apparently at its maximum in England and Wales in 1838, when 17 deaths out of every 100 total deaths were caused by phthisis,<sup>2</sup>and if the deaths from other forms of tuberculosis could be added the maximum smallpox death-rate of 1796 would be surpassed. The death-rate from tuberculosis, and particularly from phthisis, has been greatly decreased in
Comparative neurohormonal responses in patients with preserved and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction: Results of the studies of left ventricular dysfunctions (SOLVD) registry
Authors: Claude R. Benedict, Debra H. Weiner, David E. Johnstone, Martial G. Bourassa, Jalal K. Ghali, John Nicklas, Philip Kirlin, Barry Greenberg, Miguel A. Quinones, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Modern Psychiatry and Clinical Research: Essays in Honor of Roy R. Grinker, Sr.
Authors: Paul G. Myerson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In 1964 Roy M. Grinker, Sr., then editor of the<i>Archives of General Psychiatry</i>, wrote a landmark article entitled, "Psychiatry Rides Madly in All Directions." Despite the evocative nature of the title, Grinker's thesis was straightforward: Psychiatry was still under the influence of the great breakthrough begun by Freud. There was, however, increasing evidence of rigidity in this approach, eg, proof was attributed to a repetition of the hypothesis. A new breakthrough had not occurred. As a result, psychiatry was riding madly in all directions, making speculative and undisciplined forays into the biological and sociological sciences and not developing systematic research of its own, focussed on the individual in his relationship to other events. It was essential, therefore, to make systematic, if unspectacular, observations of human behavior in all its aspects, eg, to correlate behavior under stress with bodily functioning, to observe human interactions under varying conditions, etc. In this
Abstract 2052: Inhibition of aldose reductase prevents hypoxic stress signaling in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Satish K. Srivastava, Ravinder Tammali, Kota V. Ramana
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Hypoxia, a hallmark of invasive solid tumors and increased angiogenesis, is strongly associated with the progression of malignant phenotypes, poor prognosis, and resistance to chemo and radiation therapies. In a variety of cancers, hypoxic stress-induces inflammatory signaling which is mediated by specific cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. We have recently shown that inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates, prevents human colon cancer cell growth in culture as well as in nude mice xenografts by inhibiting the NF-kB-dependent activation of oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory and carcinogenic markers. However, the role of AR in mediating hypoxic stress signals is not known. We therefore investigated the molecular mechanisms by which AR inhibition prevents the hypoxia-induced human colon cancer cells growth and invasion. Our results indicate that AR inhibition by pharmacological inhibitor fidarestat or ablation by AR specific siRNA prevents hypoxia-induced proliferation of HT29 colon cancer cells. Further, hypoxia- induced increase in the level of HIF1a in HT29 cells was significantly decreased by AR inhibition. During hypoxic conditions treatment of HT29 cells with AR inhibitor, fidarestat significantly decreased the expression of VEGF, a down target of HIF1a, at both mRNA and protein levels and also prevented the activation of PI3K/AKT and GSK3b. Further, AR inhibition also prevented hypoxia-induced inflammatory molecules such as Cox-2 and PGE2 and expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as MMP2, vimentin, uPAR and LOX2. In addition, AR inhibition also prevented the hypoxia -induced tube formation (angiogenesis) in vascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, our results indicate that AR mediates hypoxia -induced tumor progression, invasion and angiogenesis which can be prevented by AR inhibition or ablation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2052. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2052
Low glycaemic index diet fails to reduce cardiovascular risk factors, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Overweight people eating a low glycaemic index diet show no difference in cardiovascular risk factors or insulin sensitivity compared with those consuming a high glycaemic index diet, a randomised trial has shown. 

The glycaemic index is a property of some carbohydrate containing foods determined by how much they raise blood glucose concentration. Some nutrition policies recommend low glycaemic index diets but the effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors are unclear.

Researchers, led by Frank Sacks, professor of …
Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood in a 23-Year-Old Man
Authors: Henry H. Balfour, James J. Shehan, Carl E. Speicher, Emanuel Kauder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A 23-year-old man with a history of recurrent bacterial and fungal infections since age 12 was shown to have a functional leukocyte defect similar to that found in children with chronic granulomatous disease. A liver biopsy revealed discrete granulomata. The documentation of this case calls attention to the possibility that there may be a mild form of chronic granulomatous disease and that recurrent bacterial infection in the adult may be due to a functional disorder of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Profile of Immune Cells in Axillary Lymph Nodes Predicts Disease-Free Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: Holbrook E Kohrt, Navid Nouri, Kent Nowels, Denise Johnson, Susan Holmes, Peter P Lee
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

While lymph node metastasis is among the strongest predictors of disease-free and overall survival for patients with breast cancer, the immunological nature of tumor-draining lymph nodes is often ignored, and may provide additional prognostic information on clinical outcome.We performed immunohistochemical analysis of 47 sentinel and 104 axillary (nonsentinel) nodes from 77 breast cancer patients with 5 y of follow-up to determine if alterations in CD4, CD8, and CD1a cell populations predict nodal metastasis or disease-free survival. Sentinel and axillary node CD4 and CD8 T cells were decreased in breast cancer patients compared to control nodes. CD1a dendritic cells were also diminished in sentinel and tumor-involved axillary nodes, but increased in tumor-free axillary nodes. Axillary node, but not sentinel node, CD4 T cell and dendritic cell populations were highly correlated with disease-free survival, independent of axillary metastasis. Immune profiling of ALN from a test set of 48 patients, applying CD4 T cell and CD1a dendritic cell population thresholds of CD4 > or = 7.0% and CD1a > or = 0.6%, determined from analysis of a learning set of 29 patients, provided significant risk stratification into favorable and unfavorable prognostic groups superior to clinicopathologic characteristics including tumor size, extent or size of nodal metastasis (CD4, p < 0.001 and CD1a, p < 0.001). Moreover, axillary node CD4 T cell and CD1a dendritic cell populations allowed more significant stratification of disease-free survival of patients with T1 (primary tumor size 2 cm or less) and T2 (5 cm or larger) tumors than all other patient characteristics. Finally, sentinel node immune profiles correlated primarily with the presence of infiltrating tumor cells, while axillary node immune profiles appeared largely independent of nodal metastases, raising the possibility that, within axillary lymph nodes, immune profile changes and nodal metastases represent independent processes.These findings demonstrate that the immune profile of tumor-draining lymph nodes is of novel biologic and clinical importance for patients with early stage breast cancer.
Immune Expression and Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Dana Faingold, Jean-Claude Marshall, Emilia Antecka, Sebastian Di Cesare, Alexandre N. Odashiro, Silvin Bakalian, Bruno F. Fernandes, Miguel N. Burnier
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To examine the immunohistochemical profile of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in uveal melanoma and the cytotoxicity of an Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), in uveal melanoma cell lines. Experimental Design: Hsp90 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 44 paraffin-embedded sections of primary human uveal melanoma and in five uveal melanoma cell lines (92.1, OCM-1, MKT-BR, SP6.5, and UW-1). Sulforhodamine B–based proliferation assay was used to compare uveal melanoma cell growth with a range of concentrations of 17-AAG. Changes in cell migration, invasion, cell cycle fractions, and apoptotic activity were also evaluated. Expression of intracellular proteins was determined by Western blot analysis after 17-AAG exposure. Results: Immunohistochemical expression of Hsp90 was identified in 68% of the paraffin-embedded sections and significantly associated with largest tumor dimension (P = 0.03). 17-AAG significantly reduced the proliferation rates of uveal melanoma cell lines, with concentrations of 100 to 0.1 μmol/L. 17-AAG also significantly reduced the migratory and invasive capabilities of uveal melanoma cell lines. Cell cycle analysis showed that 17-AAG induced accumulations of cells in G1. Caspase-3 protease activity analysis, a marker for apoptosis, showed a significant increase after drug exposure. The cytotoxic effect of 17-AAG was associated with decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt and cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Conclusions: The immunohistochemical expression of Hsp90 in uveal melanoma indicates worse prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the inhibitory effect on uveal melanoma cells using 17-AAG to target Hsp90. Therefore, Hsp90 may be used as a potential target for treatment of patients with uveal melanoma.
Deafness complicating mucous membrane pemphigoid: a case report
Authors: JOHN THOMSON, WILLIAM LANG, J.A CRAIG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A patient with moderately severe mucous membrane pemphigoid is described. The onset of deafness was associated with the appearance of postero-superior retraction prockets in both eardrums. It is postulated that this was due to mucous membrane pemphigoid involving the mucosa of the middle ear. We are not aware of this complication having been described previously.
736–1 Driving Safety in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Edward T. Keelan, Anwer Dhala, Jasbir Sra, Kathi Axtell, Cheryl Maglio, Mohammad R. Jazayeri, Zalmen Blanck, Sanjay Deshpande, Michael Biehl, Masood Akhtar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
An 88-Year-Old Woman Facing the End of Life, 1 Year Later
Authors: Jennifer Daley
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In January 1997, at Medicine Grand Rounds, Dr Joanne Lynn discussed the approach to caring for and counseling a woman nearing the end of life.<sup>1</sup>Mrs J, an enthusiastic and gracious woman, had chronic congestive heart failure, and she understood that death could occur soon. Dr Lynn explained that patients and families face many issues at this crucial point in life, and she outlined strategies for how health care providers could best serve the needs of dying patients, while relating to their search for meaning and personal growth. She emphasized quality of care and offered opportunities for improving the care system for patients at the end of life. Following an exacerbation of her illness, Mrs J was admitted to the palliative care unit at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and died a few days prior to the conference. We asked the patient's daughter and primary care physician to
UPREGULATION OF PLASMA MYELOPEROXIDASE AND MICROPARTICLES ENHANCE THROMBIN GENERATION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Jawed Fareed, Debra Hoppensteadt, Josephine Cunanan, Bruce Lewis, Fred Leya, Walter Jeske, Jeanine Walenga
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Alkali treatment of renal osteodystrophy.
Authors: M C Bishop, J G Ledingham
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Although chronic renal failure is frequently complicated by metabolic acidosis and bone disease, the relation between them is controversial (Kyle, 1969; Stanbury, 1970).We report a case in which renal osteodystrophy was reversed by alkali treatment alone. Case ReportIn 1960 a 5-year-old girl was found to have developed accelerated hypertension (B.P. 190/150) with blood urea 119 mg/ 100 ml.An intravenous pyelogram showed a small scarred left kid-
Molecular targeted therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: From pre-clinical models to clinical trials
Authors: Pippa Newell, Augusto Villanueva, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the world’s most common and deadly cancers. Less than one-third of patients can currently benefit from potentially curative therapies in the West [1]. However, a new era has dawned in oncology with novel and promising drugs emerging in parallel with a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer [2]. The advent of sorafenib – a multikinase inhibitor – as an effective therapy in advanced HCC has enhanced the interest in testing new molecular therapies in experimental and clinical studies [3]. Integrative genomic studies in human HCC samples have begun to identify subgroups of patients with characteristic molecular features such as mutations, gene expression profiles and chromosomal aberrations [4,5]. These studies have underlined the fact that a number of molecular pathways are disrupted in almost all tumors, involving critical functions for the progression or dissemination of the disease. Such is the case of three main cellular functions: (1) Activation of pro-angiogenic signals mediated by VEGF, PDGER,
Regulation of Fibrillar Collagen Gene Expression and Protein Accumulation in Volume-Overloaded Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Takashi Namba, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Hirofumi Tagawa, Masaru Takahashi, Keiko Saito, Toshiyuki Kozai, Makoto Usui, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Interstitial collagen accumulation has been extensively demonstrated to be increased at both mRNA and protein levels in pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy. However, few data are available regarding the effects of volume overload on myocardial collagens. Methods and Results To determine whether the alterations of collagens may occur in volume-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy, we measured collagen types I and III mRNA levels and protein accumulation in left ventricular (LV) myocardium of rats at 3, 7, and 28 days after the creation of an aortocaval (AC) shunt. Eccentric LV hypertrophy was produced in rats with AC shunting. Northern blot analysis on RNA extracted from LV tissue indicated that the steady state mRNA levels for both type I and III collagen were persistently upregulated in AC shunt rats compared with sham-operated control rats. In contrast, the biochemical collagen protein concentration and morphometric collagen volume fraction were comparable between sham-operated control and AC shunt rats at any study time point. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical staining of types I and III collagen and Sirius red staining on myocardial tissue sections revealed no significant alterations in the distribution or density of fibrillar collagens in AC shunt rats. Tissue collagenase activity was not different between control and AC shunt rats after 28 days. Conclusions Cardiac volume overload increases LV collagen mRNA as does pressure overload. However, in contrast to pressure-overloaded hypertrophy, the upregulation of collagen transcriptional activity does not result in subsequent myocardial fibrosis in volume-overloaded hypertrophy due to AC shunting. Therefore, the upregulation of collagen gene expression and protein accumulation might be different in pressure-overloaded and volume-overloaded hypertrophy.