tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vest inflation without simultaneous ventilation during cardiac arrest in dogs: improved survival from prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Authors: H R Halperin, A D Guerci, N Chandra, A Herskowitz, J E Tsitlik, R A Niskanen, E Wurmb, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Myocardial and cerebral blood flow can be generated during cardiac arrest by techniques that manipulate intrathoracic pressure. Augmentation of intrathoracic pressure by high-pressure ventilation simultaneous with compression of the chest in dogs has been shown to produce higher flows to the heart and brain, but has limited usefulness because of the requirement for endotracheal intubation and complex devices. A system was developed that can produce high intrathoracic pressure without simultaneous ventilation by use of a pneumatically cycled vest placed around the thorax (vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR]). The system was first tested in a short-term study of the maximum achievable flows during arrest. Peak vest pressures up to 380 mm Hg were used on eight 21 to 30 kg dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation and administration of epinephrine. Microsphere-determined myocardial blood flow was 108 +/- 17 ml/min/100 g (100 +/- 16% of prearrest flow) and cerebral flow was 51 +/- 12 ml/min/100 g (165 +/- 39% of prearrest). Severe lung or liver trauma was noted in three of eight dogs. If peak vest pressure was limited to 280 mm Hg, however, severe trauma was no longer observed. A study of the hemodynamics during and survival from prolonged resuscitation was then performed on three groups of seven dogs. Vest CPR was compared with manual CPR with either conventional (300 newtons) or high (430 newtons) sternal force. After induction of ventricular fibrillation, each technique was performed for 26 min. Defibrillation was then performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sanatorium Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. Wallace Zeller, Hans Waine, Kurt Jellinek
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The sanatorium course of 200 patients was studied for comparison with published series and for information concerning the effect of prior corticosteroid treatment. Seventy-four patients achieved complete remission or major improvement. Fifty patients advanced from severe or complete functional incapacity to minor incapacity or full functional ability. These results are superior to those reported for comparable groups. Prior administration of corticosteroids was associated both with disease duration (known to be importantly related to severity and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis) and with the age of patients on admission. Steroid toxicity contributed significantly to the numbers of patients making unsatisfactory progress. There was no evidence that corticosteroids had any extended benefit on the course of rheumatoid arthritis.
Radiation and Cancer-Reply
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ABSTRACT In Reply.— Dr Waziri's suggestion that the onset of breast cancer may be related to both environmental and genetic factors is well taken. In the case previously presented,1 there was no family history of breast cancer or family cancer syndrome. We wish to present a second case of breast cancer in a young woman after radiation exposure to the chest area.Report of a Case.— A 36-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a thyroid nodule. The thyroid scan (technetium Tc 99m) showed an asymmetric distribution of the tracer with a discrete 2-cm hypofunctional nodule in the left lobe. The rest of the thyroid was slightly prominent and irregular.Fine-needle aspiration of the nodule produced cellular material that was considered possibly malignant. The serum calcium level, which we always determine in patients with thyroid nodules (1979; 242:2181), was elevated at 11.5 mg/dL (normal, 8.8 to 10.0 mg/dL). The serum
Genetic Susceptibility to Lung Cancer
Authors: David C. Christiani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Thereareseveralsignificantchallengestounderstandingvariation in an individual’s or a population’s susceptibility to an environmentally induced disease such as lung cancer. Firstly, the genetic landscape of human susceptibility is complex. There are likely to be only rare instances in which mutations within a single gene convey significant sensitivity to typical levels of exposure. More likely, there will be many genes with moderate or small effects, which, in combination, result in disease susceptibility after exposure. Interactions among genetic variants, aswellasgene-environmentinteractionsandepigeneticprocesses, are likely to play a significant role in determining disease susceptibility to an exposure. This etiologic heterogeneity presents methodologic challenges. Secondly, we are only beginning to understand the distribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human genome and to type large numbers of SNPs accurately. Ideally, we would like to handle all known SNPs’ measures in epidemiologic, clinical, or in vitro studies, eliminating the puzzle of whether unmeasured genetic variants contribute to observed variation in diseaseriskorprogression.Currently,inpopulationgenetics,multistaged research strategies, such as linkage to identify potential genomic regions, followed by positional candidate gene studies or genomic scans using tag SNPs followed by fine mapping, are employed to identify a set of genes and their variants that are most significantly associated with disease susceptibility. These multistagedapproachestypicallyassumethatindividualmutationshave statistically significant and context-independent (ie, some disease association in different populations or other contexts) disease associations. However, true multigenic models of susceptibility to common (ie, complex) disorders have not been achievable to date. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in theWesternworld,anditsincidenceisincreasingworldwide.Lung cancer is associated strongly with environmental exposures, with the highest population-attributable risk from cigarette smoking. Although smoking accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases, the fact that only a minority of smokers develop lung cancer in their lifetimes makes this disease an important model for assessing
Endothelial Cell–Specific Liver Kinase B1 Deletion Causes Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension in Mice In Vivo
Authors: Wencheng Zhang, Qilong Wang, Yue Wu, Cate Moriasi, Zhaoyu Liu, Xiaoyan Dai, Qiongxin Wang, Weimin Liu, Zu-Yi Yuan, Ming-Hui Zou
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1), a tumor suppressor, is a central regulator of cell polarity and energy homeostasis. The role of LKB1 in endothelial function in vivo has not been explored.Endothelium-specific LKB1 knockout (LKB1(endo-/-)) mice were generated by cross-breeding LKB1(flox/flox) mice with VE-Cadherin-Cre mice. LKB1(endo-/-) mice exhibited hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. LKB1(endo-/-) endothelial cells exhibited reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and AMP kinase (a downstream enzyme of LKB1) phosphorylation at Thr172 compared with wild-type (WT) cells. In addition, the levels of caveolin-1 were higher in the endothelial cells of LKB1(endo-/-) mice, and knockdown of caveolin-1 by siRNA normalized endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity. Human antigen R bound with the adenylate-uridylate-rich elements of caveolin-1 mRNA 3' untranslated region, resulting in the increased stability of caveolin-1, and genetic knockdown of human antigen R decreased the expression of caveolin-1 in LKB1-deficient endothelial cells. Finally, adenoviral overexpression of constitutively active AMP kinase, but not green fluorescent protein, decreased caveolin-1, lowered blood pressure, and improved endothelial function in LKB1(endo-/-) mice in vivo.Our findings indicate that endothelial LKB1 regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, endothelial function, and blood pressure by modulating AMP kinase-mediated caveolin-1 expression.
Identification of De Novo Germline Mutations in the HRPT2 Gene in Two Apparently Sporadic Cases with Challenging Parathyroid Tumor Diagnoses
Authors: Branca Maria Cavaco, Rita Santos, Ana Félix, Davide Carvalho, José Manuel Lopes, Rita Domingues, Marta Sirgado, Nádia Rei, Fernando Fonseca, Jorge Rosa Santos, Luís Sobrinho, Valeriano Leite
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
Strategy in Renal Failure
Authors: Richard J. Glassock
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dr Friedman is recognized as a leader in the field of managing endstage renal disease. In this book, he has assembled a platoon of clinicians, surgeons, scientists, and administrators to plot a strategy for dealing with the problems of patients who have irreversibly lost renal function. Half of these authors are his colleagues at Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY, and the other half come from highly respected institutions scattered across the United States.  Although the title implies a tactical approach to the problem of end-stage renal failure, the monograph is, in fact, a series of essays, some of which are of a highly personal and eminently readable nature. These essays, dealing with specific topics, are somewhat loosely integrated into the primary goal of the text. Unnecessary repetition is unavoidable in such an approach, but fortunately it has been kept to a minimum. Seven chapters are devoted to the pre-end-stage
Error, Blame, and the Law in Health Care—An Antipodean Perspective
Authors: William B. Runciman, Alan F. Merry, Fiona Tito
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Patients are frequently harmed by problems arising from the health care process itself. Addressing these problems requires understanding the role of errors, violations, and system failures in their genesis. Problem-solving is inhibited by a tendency to blame those involved, often inappropriately. This has been aggravated by the need to attribute blame before compensation can be obtained through tort and the human failing of attributing blame simply because there has been a serious outcome. Blaming and punishing for errors that are made by well-intentioned people working in the health care system drives the problem of iatrogenic harm underground and alienates people who are best placed to prevent such problems from recurring. On the other hand, failure to assign blame when it is due is also undesirable and erodes trust in the medical profession. Understanding the distinction between blameworthy behavior and inevitable human errors and appreciating the systemic factors that underlie most failures in complex systems are essential for the response to a harmed patient to be informed, fair, and effective in improving safety. It is important to meet society's needs to blame and exact retribution when appropriate. However, this should not be a prerequisite for compensation, which should be appropriately structured, fair, timely, and, ideally, properly funded as an intrinsic part of health care and social security systems.
Perforin-expressing granulated metrial gland cells in murine deciduoma.
Authors: L M Zheng, S V Joag, M B Parr, E L Parr, J D Young
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

It has previously been shown that granulated metrial gland (GMG) cells of the pregnant uterus express abundant quantities of the lymphocyte pore-forming protein, perforin. No perforin was present before implantation of the embryo, but large numbers of perforin-producing GMG cells were observed after implantation, which coincides with decidualization of the uterus. The possible source of the activation factors responsible for perforin gene induction in GMG cells was studied here with the pseudopregnancy model, in which cervical stimulation of mice during estrus leads to a series of hormonal changes resembling those seen in pregnancy, but in the absence of an embryo. Subsequent stimulation of the uterus of pseudopregnant mice with oil causes the stimulated portion of the endometrium to differentiate into decidual tissue. Perforin-containing GMG cells were in fact present in the deciduomata, but not in adjacent nondecidualized tissues of the same mice. These results suggest that maternal factors associated with decidual tissue are responsible for the local expression of perforin in GMG cells.
Stage of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma Predicts Recurrence of Biliary Obstruction in Patients With Metal Stents
Authors: Ali Siddiqui, Haroon Shahid, Avik Sarkar, Kristen Cox, Thomas E. Kowalski, David E. Loren, Ashish Sharma, Patrick Laing, Madeline Birch, Douglas G. Adler
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Murine B7-2, an alternative CTLA4 counter-receptor that costimulates T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 production.
Authors: G J Freeman, F Borriello, R J Hodes, H Reiser, J G Gribben, J W Ng, J Kim, J M Goldberg, K Hathcock, G Laszlo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The B7-1 molecule, expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC), provides a crucial costimulatory signal for T cell activation. Recent studies demonstrate the existence of alternative, non-B7-1 CTLA4 counter-receptors in mice and humans. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and demonstrate costimulatory function of the murine B7-2 (mB7-2) gene. Murine B7-2 cDNA encodes a member of the Ig supergene family that binds CTLA4-Ig and stains with the GL1 but not anti-mB7-1 mAb. Murine B7-2 costimulates the proliferation and interleukin 2 production of CD4+ T cells and this costimulation can be inhibited by either CTLA4-Ig or GL1 mAb. Identification of the B7-2 molecule will permit further manipulation of the B7:CD28/CTLA4 costimulatory pathway which has been shown to be involved in the prevention of tolerance, induction of tumor immunity, and most recently, in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels in diabetic rats. Potential mediator of hyperfiltration.
Authors: F V Ortola, B J Ballermann, S Anderson, R E Mendez, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and ANP is released from cardiac myocytes in response to extracellular fluid volume expansion. Since diabetes mellitus is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration and volume expansion, we investigated the relationship between ANP and GFR in diabetic rats given insulin to achieve stable moderate hyperglycemia or normoglycemia. At 2 wk after induction of diabetes, moderately hyperglycemic diabetic rats exhibited elevations of plasma ANP levels averaging 281 +/- 28 pg/ml vs. 158 +/- 15 pg/ml in normoglycemic diabetic rats. In hyperglycemic rats, the GFR was also elevated on average to 2.24 +/- 0.28 ml/min as compared with 1.71 +/- 0.13 ml/min in normoglycemic diabetic rats. To test further the relationship between ANP and GFR in diabetes, moderately hyperglycemic diabetic rats were infused either with a specific ANP antiserum or with nonimmune serum. The infusion of specific ANP antiserum uniformly reduced the GFR on average from 2.38 +/- 0.1 ml/min to 1.60 +/- 0.1 ml/min, whereas the infusion of nonimmune serum was without effect. It is concluded that elevated endogenous ANP levels contribute to the hyperfiltration observed in early diabetes in the rat.
Abstract 3617: The Relation of New Atrial Fibrillation to Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality During Treatment of Hypertension: The LIFE Study
Authors: Peter Okin, Kristian Wachtell, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Stevo Julius, Lars H Lindholm, Markku S Nieminen, Darcy A Hille, Jonathan M Edelman, Bjorn Dahlof, Richard B Devereux
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with an increased risk of death, with recent findings suggesting that newly diagnosed AF predicts an increased risk of mortality compared wi...
216 MIR-100 IS DOWNREGULATED FROM EARLY STAGES OF HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS AND CORRELATES WITH OVEREXPRESSION OF ITS TARGET PLK1
Authors: A. Petrelli, A. Perra, K. Schernhuber, A. Salvi, C. Migliore, E. Ghiso, A. Benetti, G.M. Ledda-Columbano, S. Barlati, N. Portolani, G. de Petro, A. Columbano, S. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Enhanced glycolytic metabolism is associated with exhaustion and poor antitumor efficacy in a xenograft model of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for sarcoma
Authors: Adrienne H Long, Rimas J Orentas, Crystal L Mackall
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

The pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine, a potent immunosuppressive agent, are described for rats given 5 mg/kg iv, measuring blood concentrations by a specific HPLC method. Cyclosporine followed first-order kinetics and blood concentrations vs. time data were adequately described by a three-compartment open model system. The mean half-life of the lambda 1 phase was 0.11 hr, that of the lambda 2 phase was 1.82 hr, and the half-life of the estimated lambda 3 phase was 23.79 hr. The mean apparent volume of distribution and Vss were 5.69 and 4.54 liters/kg, respectively. The mean blood total body clearance was 3.38 ml/min/kg. The literature was reviewed to obtain comparable data from other mammalian species, and satisfactory kinetic information was found for humans, dogs, and rabbits. Interspecies variants in physiological parameters and cyclosporine pharmacokinetics were considered and treated as a property and consequence of body size (allometry), nullifying anatomical and physiological differences between species. A relationship between pharmacokinetic time (a variable in terms of chronological time) and body weight was found. It is suggested that the metabolic capacity (based on liver weight) to eliminate cyclosporine is similar in humans, rabbits, and rats, whereas the dog showed a potentially double capacity to metabolize the drug. However, metabolic and pharmacodynamic studies are also needed to predict toxicity accurately among species.
A case of malignant atrophic papulosis successfully treated with nicotine patches
Authors: T. Kanekura, Y. Uchino, T. Kanzaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article A case of malignant atrophic papulosis successfully treated with nicotine patches Get access T. Kanekura, T. Kanekura Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8‐35‐1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: takurok@m2.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Uchino, Y. Uchino Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8‐35‐1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: takurok@m2.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kanzaki T. Kanzaki Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8‐35‐1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, Japan E‐mail: takurok@m2.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 3, 1 September 2003, Pages 660–662, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05508.x Published: 01 September 2003
Bedside Diagnosis of Latent Cardiac Complications in Acutely Ill Patients
Authors: James S. Forrester
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The recent development of a balloon-tipped catheter allows the clinician to determine pulmonary artery pressures at the bedside rapidly and safely without fluoroscopy. When the balloon at the catheter tip is inflated, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, which is the direct hemodynamic determinant of pulmonary vascular congestion and edema, may be determined. Use of the catheter, therefore, allows definitive diagnosis of right- and left-ventricular failure and a number of specific disorders, such as acute mitral insufficiency and ventricular septal defect. In addition, fluid therapy of acutely ill patients is prescribed on a rational basis, and excessive fluid administration or diuresis may be largely eliminated.
Health spending rising faster than GDP in most rich countries
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Health spending has grown faster than gross domestic product in every country of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) except Finland in the past 15 years, new statistics show.

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The OECD Health Data 2006 , which was released by the international Paris based organisation at the end of June, is a comprehensive database of comparable health statistics with more than 1200 indicators for …

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Gender related differences in patients presenting with acute heart failure. Results from EuroHeart Failure Survey II
Authors: Markku S. Nieminen, Veli‐Pekka Harjola, Matthias Hochadel, Helmut Drexler, Michel Komajda, Dirk Brutsaert, Kenneth Dickstein, Piotr Ponikowski, Luigi Tavazzi, Ferenc Follath, Jose Luis Lopez‐Sendon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Idiopathic Parkinsonism Treated with an Extracerebral Decarboxylase Inhibitor in Combination with Levodopa
Authors: D. B. Calne, J. L. Reid, S. D. Vakil, S. Rao, A. Petrie, C. A. Pallis, J. Gawler, P. K. Thomas, A. Hilson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The clinical actions of levodopa in Parkinsonism, given with and without an extracerebral decarboxylase in hibitor, L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine, were compared. Twenty-one patients were investigated in a "double-blind cross-over" study, administering levodopa in maximum tolerated dosage. L-Alpha-methyldopahydrazine failed to augment the overall therapeutic actions of levodopa but it consistently alleviated nausea. It is concluded that L-alpha-methyldopahydrazine will prove useful in the management of some Parkinsonian patients who have difficulty in taking levodopa alone.
Unsuspected Ascites Noted on a Blood Pool Venogram Study
Authors: PERRY R. MANDEL, ROGER BAIM, GERALD IRWIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of a 68-year-old woman with breast carcinoma metastatic to bone is presented. On the present hospital admission, the abdomen was noted to be somewhat distended and firm, suggesting bowel obstruction. Ascites was not suspected. Both calf regions were noted to be somewhat swollen and erythematous. Thrombophlebitis was suspected. A radionuclide blood pool venogram was requested, which serendipitously revealed ascites. Subsequent ultrasonic examination of the abdomen verified the presence of extensive ascites with a possible Kruckenberg tumor of the left ovary. Paracentesis also confirmed ascites.
Exaggerated Spontaneous Release of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor by Alveolar Macrophages from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Yves Martinet, William N. Rom, Gary R. Grotendorst, George R. Martin, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fibrotic lung disease characterized by an increased number of mesenchymal cells in the alveolar walls. Alveolar macrophages constitutively express low levels of c-sis, the protooncogene coding for the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor, a protein with chemotactic and mitogenic activity toward mesenchymal cells. We therefore hypothesized that alveolar macrophages in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may release increased amounts of platelet-derived growth factor, which might help to explain the accumulation of mesenchymal cells and the fibrosis of the lower respiratory tract in the disease. Evaluation of alveolar macrophages recovered from the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis demonstrated that these cells spontaneously released four times more platelet-derived growth factor than did alveolar macrophages recovered from normal persons (P less than 0.01). That the platelet-derived growth factor molecules were potentially active was shown by their chemotactic activity for smooth-muscle cells and their ability to act as a "competence" factor for fibroblast growth. These observations suggest the possibility that the accumulation of mesenchymal cells within the alveolar walls in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may result partly from the exaggerated release of the potent mitogen platelet-derived growth factor by mononuclear phagocytes in the lower respiratory tract.