tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Entertoxigenicity in Sprue?
Authors: R. BRADLEY SACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 March 1974Entertoxigenicity in Sprue?R. BRADLEY SACK, M.D., SC.D.R. BRADLEY SACK, M.D., SC.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-426_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article by Klipstein and colleagues, "Enterotoxigenic Intestinal Bacteria in Tropical Sprue" (Ann Intern Med 79:632-641, 1973).Having struggled extensively with the perplexities of the rabbit intestinal-loop model in studying enterotoxins ofVibrio choleraeandEscherichia coli(1, 2), I question whether the data presented by the authors necessarily indicate the presence of enterotoxigenic bacteria in the small intestines of patients with tropical sprue. The amount of crude culture filtrates used to challenge 10-cm intestinal loops was given as 750 mg. This dose is from one thousand to ten thousand times greater than...References1. SACKGORBACHBANWELL RSJ: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from patients with severe cholera-like disease. J Infect Dis 123:378-385, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SMITHSACK NR: Immunologic cross-reactions of enterotoxins from Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. J Infect Dis 127:164-170, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. GORBACHKHURANA SC: Toxigenic Escherichia coli. A cause of infantile diarrhea in Chicago. N Engl J Med 287:791-795, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Infectious Disease Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland 21224 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1974Volume 80, Issue 3Page: 426-426KeywordsBacteriaEnterotoxinsEscherichia coliRabbitsSmall intestineVibrio cholerae Issue Published: 1 March 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hierarchy of levels of ischemia-induced impairment in regional left ventricular systolic function in man.
Authors: A M Zeiher, H Wollschlaeger, T Bonzel, W Kasper, H Just
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We tested the hypothesis that different subsets of ischemia-induced wall motion disorders are characterized by specific patterns of abnormal regional left ventricular systolic function. Regional contraction was quantitatively assessed from two-dimensional echocardiograms by an automated integrative analysis considering the time course of wall motion during the entire contraction sequence in 20 patients with chronic myocardial infarction, in 13 patients with impending myocardial infarction (less than 2 hr after the onset of symptoms), and in nine patients during transient myocardial ischemia. Wall motion abnormalities were detected in all patients by the integrative analysis. In contrast, the sensitivity for detecting wall motion abnormalities was 80% during chronic infarction, 77% during impending infarction, and 56% during transient ischemia if only end-diastolic and end-systolic frames were compared for assessment of overall regional systolic function. There were distinct differences in the time course of abnormal wall excursion between the three groups. Chronic infarction was characterized by a monophasic contraction pattern, with abnormal synergy in regional contractile events occurring predominantly during early systole. In contrast, transient ischemia caused predominantly mid-to-late systolic abnormal synergy followed by late systolic shortening corresponding to a polyphasic contraction pattern. During impending infarction, an intermediate temporal contraction pattern was present with both early and mesosystolic abnormal synergy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients with B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Eli Zuckerman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: Several studies from Europe have reported a high prevalence (9% to 32%) of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It has been suggested that HCV plays a role in the pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HCV infection in patients with B-cell lymphoma in the United States. Design: Controlled, cross-sectional analysis. Setting: University medical center. Patients: 120 patients with B-cell lymphoma (78% were Hispanic, 9% were black, 7% were Asian, and 6% were white), 154 patients with other malignant hematologic conditions (control group 1), and 114 patients with nonmalignant conditions (control group 2). Measurements: Samples were tested for antibodies to HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatitis C virus RNA was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Genotyping for HCV was done with genotype-specific primers from the HCV core region. Results: Infection with HCV was detected in 26 patients (22% [95% CI, 15% to 30%]) with B-cell lymphoma compared with 7 of 154 patients (4.5%) in control group 1 and 6 of 114 patients (5%) in control group 2 (P < 0.001). Risk factors for HCV infection were present in 15 patients (60%) with B-cell lymphoma and occurred a median of 15 years before diagnosis of lymphoma. Monocytoid B-cell lymphoma was the most common type of lymphoma found in HCV-positive patients (23% compared with 7% in HCV-negative patients) (P = 0.034). Conclusions: The prevalence of HCV infection was higher in patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma than in controls. The possible role of HCV in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma warrants further investigation.
In vivo oxygen transport in the normal rabbit femoral arterial wall.
Authors: D W Crawford, L H Back, M A Cole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

In vivo measurements of tissue oxygen tension were made at 10-micrometer intervals through functioning in situ rabbit femoral arterial walls, using inhalation anesthesia and recessed microcathodes with approximately 4-micrometer external diameters. External environment was controlled with a superfusion well at 30 torr PO2, 35 torr PCO2. Blood pressure, gas tension levels, and blood pH were held within the normal range. Radial PO2 measurements closely fit a mathematical model for unidimensional diffusion into a thick-walled artery with uniform oxygen consumption, and the distances traversed fit measured dimensions of quick-frozen in vivo sections. Using standard values of diffusion and solubility coefficients, mean calculated medial oxygen consumption was 99 nl0/ml-s. Mural oxygen consumption appeared to be related linearly to mean tangential wall stress. Differences in experimental design and technique were compared with previous in vivo and in vitro measurements of wall oxygenation, and largely account for the varying results obtained. Control of environment external to the artery, and maintenance of normally flowing blood in the lumen in vivo appeared critical to an understanding of mural oxygenation in life. If the conditions of this experiment prevailed in arteries with thicker avascular layers, PO2 could have been 20 torr at approximately 156 micrometer and 10 torr at 168 micrometer from blood (average values).
The hippy, hippy shake down
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2007)

“We can't wear these,” said my brother, as he picked up the flared and heavily embroidered jeans—pink and yellow flowers spelled the word “LOVE” so large I swear it was visible from space. However, we had no choice but to wear our girl cousin's hand-me-downs, because clothes were expensive in the 1970s. The Chinese then were busy tilling the soil rather than fuelling a pandemic of consumerism. “Alternative” lifestyles were the fashion, and we served our self sufficient sentence in Scotland. Our goat Nettie (kept for milk, …
The pressor effect of moderate alcohol consumption in man: a search for mechanisms.
Authors: P D Arkwright, L J Beilin, R Vandongen, I A Rouse, C Lalor
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Thirty pairs of drinking and nondrinking men, matched for age and weight, were drawn from a working population in which a close relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure had been demonstrated. In this smaller sample, men who drank an average of 408 ml of ethanol/week had higher supine (126.9 +/- 2.3 mm Hg) and standing (113.3 +/- 2.5 mm Hg) systolic and supine diastolic blood pressure (75.5 +/- 2.2 mm Hg) than nondrinkers (117.5 +/- 2.0, 107.4 +/- 2.2 and 68.9 +/- 1.8 mm Hg, respectively). Resting plasma concentrations of free and sulfated norepinephrine and epinephrine, renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone and cortisol were similar in drinkers and nondrinkers. To investigate differences that may arise when sympathoadrenal activity was stimulated, the subjects underwent a series of standardized physiologic stresses: isometric hand grip, mental arithmetic, cold pressor testing, standing and bicycle exercise. Blood pressure and heart rate responses were similar in drinkers and nondrinkers, although the differences in blood pressure between the two groups tended to become smaller after certain stresses. No differences in the plasma levels of free or conjugated catecholamines were apparent after these stresses. Plasma renin activity increased only after bicycle exercise, and this was similar in both groups. Plasma cortisol levels did not increase. The higher blood pressure in drinkers, therefore, cannot be explained by increased activity of the sympathoadrenal and renal pressor mechanisms.
Exercise-induced stress response as an adaptive tolerance strategy.
Authors: J S Sonneborn, S A Barbee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Interaction between the quality of the environment and the health of the exposed population determines the survival response of living organisms. The phenomenon of induced tolerance by exposure to threshold levels of stressors to stimulate natural defense mechanisms has potential therapeutic value. The paucity of information on predictability of individual response and information on the operative fundamental mechanisms limit applicability of the adaptive tolerance strategy. A potential biomarker of the stress response includes members of the stress-inducible ubiquitin gene family. Transcript sizes detected with Northern blot analysis identify different classes of ubiquitin gene family members and the intensity of the radioactive signal allows abundance determinations. Using moderate exercise as the stressor, significant increase (p < 0.028) in abundance of inducible polyubiquitin genes was found in human blood. Both the potential of exercise as a model system of a natural stress inducer and polyubiquitin as a biomarker of stress were established in these studies.
Hyperlipoproteinemia— A Difference of Opinion
Authors: Harold J. Fallon
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Schor's letter is an excellent example for elementary medical courses to show how one can take a set of data which demonstrate a probable drug effect for a particular class of patients, and yet by combining patients with different disease states, conclude that the drug had no effect at all. He says, "The statistical test applied to each of the 21 patients shown in the Table demonstrates that in some, cholesterol levels went down, and in others they did not. That is all." This completely ignores the fact that a highly significant decrease in serum cholesterol level occurred in ten of 14 patients with one form of hyperlipoproteinemia (type II), but in none of the patients with other lipid disorders. Dr. Schor's doubt about the reproducibility of electrophoresis patterns does not reflect the experience of most investigators in this field. It is true that ideally a
Benefits and harms associated with hormone replacement therapy: clinical decision analysis
Authors: Cosetta Minelli, Keith R Abrams, Alex J Sutton, Nicola J Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate harms and benefits associated with use of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for five years in women with different baseline risks for breast cancer. <b>Design</b> Probabilistic clinical decision analysis. <b>Setting</b> Hypothetical population of white UK women aged 50 years with different baseline risks for breast cancer. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Gain or loss in quality adjusted life years (QALYs). <b>Results</b> Women free of menopausal symptoms showed a net harm from HRT use, which increased for increasing baseline risk of breast cancer. Those with a baseline risk of 1.2% would expect a loss in QALYs of 0.4 months (- 0.03 QALYs, 95% credibility interval - 0.05 to - 0.01). The main analysis showed HRT to be on average beneficial in women with symptoms, with benefit decreasing with increasing baseline risk of breast cancer. The results were sensitive to the assumed value of quality of life with menopausal symptoms, therefore a contour plot was developed to show the probability of net harm for a range of different values and baseline risks. <b>Conclusions</b> HRT for primary prevention of chronic diseases in women without menopausal symptoms is unjustified. Perceived quality of life in women with symptoms should be taken into account when deciding on HRT. Thus, a decision analysis tailored to an individual woman is more appropriate in clinical practice than a population based approach.
Bone marrow skeletal stem/progenitor cell defects in dyskeratosis congenita and telomere biology disorders
Authors: Arun Balakumaran, Prasun J. Mishra, Edyta Pawelczyk, Sayuri Yoshizawa, Brian J. Sworder, Natasha Cherman, Sergei A. Kuznetsov, Paolo Bianco, Neelam Giri, Sharon A. Savage, Glenn Merlino, Bogdan Dumitriu, Cynthia E. Dunbar, Neal S. Young, Blanche P. Alter, Pamela G. Robey
Journal: Blood (2014)
Bites by Copperheads (Ancistrodon contortrix) in the United States
Authors: Henry M. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An estimated 2,920 people are bitten by copperheads (<i>Ancistrodon contortrix</i>) annually in the United States. The incidence of bites by these venomous snakes is 16.4 per million population per year. However, the case-fatality rate is exceedingly low, about 0.01%. States having the highest bite rates per million population per year are North Carolina, 157.8; West Virginia, 105.3; Arkansas, 92.9; Oklahoma, 61; Virginia, 48.7; and Texas, 44.2. Males had higher bite rates than females, and whites had higher rates than nonwhites. Most of the bites happened in the victims' own yards from April through October. Ninety-eight percent of the bites were inflicted on the extremities: 36% on the upper and 62% on the lower extremities. The treatment recommended includes incision and suction, "the 3 A's" (antivenin, antibiotics and antitetanus prophylaxis), and general supportive measures.
A Case of Combined Intra-uterine and Extra-uterine Pregnancy
Authors: R. B. Leech
Journal: BMJ (1941)

The disease followed a rhythmic but irregular course; it was more frequent in cold weather, but the correlation was not close.In a controlled therapeutic experiment on a group of twelve boys a series of drugs, including belladonna and ephedrine, was tried.None had any effect on the enuresis.We are indebted to Lieut.-Col.R. C. Grant for 'generously assisting us with the records of these cases.
Liver Stiffness Is Associated With Risk of Decompensation, Liver Cancer, and Death in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Siddharth Singh, Larissa L. Fujii, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Zhen Wang, Sumeet K. Asrani, Richard L. Ehman, Patrick S. Kamath, Jayant A. Talwalkar
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy for Bipolar Disorder
Authors: B.C. Gomes, L.N. Abreu, E. Brietzke, S.C. Caetano, A. Kleinman, F.G. Nery, B. Lafer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This study evaluated the effectiveness of adjunctive cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to prevent recurrence of episodes in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A randomized controlled single-blind trial was conducted with 50 patients with bipolar disorder types I and II followed up for at least 12 months in an outpatient service and whose disease was in remission. An experimental CBGT manual was developed and added to treatment as usual (TAU), and results were compared with TAU alone. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Intention-to-treat analysis showed that there was no difference between groups in terms of time until any relapse (Wilcoxon = 0.667; p = 0.414). When considering type of relapse, there was still no difference in either depressive (Wilcoxon = 3.328; p = 0.068) or manic episodes (Wilcoxon = 1.498; p = 0.221). Although occurrence of episodes also did not differ between groups (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.28; p = 0.59), median time to relapse was longer for patients treated with CBGT compared to TAU (Mann-Whitney = –2.554; p = 0.011). &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Time to recurrence and number of episodes were not different in the group of patients treated with CBGT. However, median time to relapse was shorter in the TAU group. Studies with larger samples may help to clarify whether our CBGT approach prevents new episodes of bipolar disorder. Our findings also indicated that CBGT is feasible in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and should be investigated in future studies. To our knowledge, this is the first publication of a controlled trial of CBGT for euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.
BMJ to act on media abuse
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The BMJ is planning to take legal action against several leading British newspapers, as well as the BBC and ITN, for breach of copyright, after photographs from the journal were reproduced without written consent from the patient. Complaints are also being made to the Press Complaints Commission and the Broadcasting Standards Commission.

In reporting the trial of Robert Buckland-who was convicted of attempted murder-the news media used pictures of Alison Kennedy, showing a knife deeply …
Maastricht Delphi Consensus on Event Definitions for Classification of Recurrence in Breast Cancer Research
Authors: Martine Moossdorff, Lori M. van Roozendaal, Luc J. A. Strobbe, Stefan Aebi, David A. Cameron, J. Michael Dixon, Armando E. Giuliano, Bruce G. Haffty, Brigid E. Hickey, Clifford A. Hudis, V. Suzanne Klimberg, Bogda Koczwara, Thorsten Kühn, Marc E. Lippman, Anthony Lucci, Martine Piccart, Benjamin D. Smith, Vivianne C. G. Tjan-Heijnen, Cornelis J. H. van de Velde, Kimberly J. Van Zee, Jan B. Vermorken, Giuseppe Viale, Adri C. Voogd, Irene L. Wapnir, Julia R. White, Marjolein L. Smidt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

In breast cancer studies, many different endpoints are used. Definitions are often not provided or vary between studies. For instance, "local recurrence" may include different components in similar studies. This limits transparency and comparability of results. This project aimed to reach consensus on the definitions of local event, second primary breast cancer, regional and distant event for breast cancer studies.The RAND-UCLA Appropriateness method (modified Delphi method) was used. A Consensus Group of international breast cancer experts was formed, including representatives of all involved clinical disciplines. Consensus was reached in two rounds of online questionnaires and one meeting.Twenty-four international breast cancer experts participated. Consensus was reached on 134 items in four categories. Local event is defined as any epithelial breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the ipsilateral breast, or skin and subcutaneous tissue on the ipsilateral thoracic wall. Second primary breast cancer is defined as epithelial breast cancer in the contralateral breast. Regional events are breast cancer in ipsilateral lymph nodes. A distant event is breast cancer in any other location. Therefore, this includes metastasis in contralateral lymph nodes and breast cancer involving the sternal bone. If feasible, tissue sampling of a first, solitary, lesion suspected for metastasis is highly recommended.This project resulted in consensus-based event definitions for classification of recurrence in breast cancer research. Future breast cancer research projects should adopt these definitions to increase transparency. This should facilitate comparison of results and conducting reviews as well as meta-analysis.
BCR-ABL1 mediates up-regulation of Fyn in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Kechen Ban, Yin Gao, Hesham M. Amin, Adrienne Howard, Claudia Miller, Quan Lin, Xiaohong Leng, Mark Munsell, Menashe Bar-Eli, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Joya Chandra
Journal: Blood (2008)
Acute leukemia and preleukemia in eight males in a family: An X‐linked disorder?
Authors: Frederick P. Li, David J. Marchetto, Gordon F. Vawter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1979)

Abstract Eight males in a family died of acute leukemia or a potentially preleukemic blood disease. Three patients were descendants of a man through his first wife, and the other five through his second wife. The pattern of disease in the family suggests X‐linked inheritance through the two wives, although other mechanisms cannot be excluded. No detectable action of environmental leukemogens was observed in this family disorder.
British government bans BMA's private fees guide
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The British government has banned the British Medical Association (BMA) from publishing its guidelines to consultants on fees for private practice. In a report from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC) to the secretary of state for trade and industry the commission said that the list of fees creates a “complex monopoly.” The Fair Trading Act defines this as a situation that exists “if a group of two or more persons... restrict or distort competition in connection with the supply of goods or services.” The list helped doctors to charge higher fees than would otherwise be possible. The MMC said that the list was against the public interest and criticised the lack of price competition among consultants and of any pressure on charges exerted by patients or general practitioners. There is no reason, the commission says, why there should not be competition in …