tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonallergic comorbidities of atopic eczema: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: S. Deckert, C. Kopkow, J. Schmitt
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract The aims of this overview are to synthesize the current evidence of published systematic reviews ( SR s) on nonallergic comorbidities of atopic eczema ( AE ). EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for SR s published from inception to November 2012. SR s were selected independently based on predefined inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of SR s included was assessed by two independent reviewers using the R evised A ssessment of M ultiple S ystematic R eviews ( R ‐ AMSTAR ) checklist. Nine SR s met all inclusion criteria. Six reviews addressing the association between AE and cancer suggest a decreased risk of glioma, meningioma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with current or previous AE . One SR reported a consistent positive association of AE with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ). Diabetes mellitus type 1 and multiple sclerosis ( MS ) were not significantly related to AE in reviews based on cross‐sectional and case–control studies. Patients with AE appear to be at decreased risk of brain tumors. The relationship of AE with Th1‐ and Th17‐mediated (auto‐)inflammatory conditions such as diabetes mellitus type 1 and MS should be clarified in prospective observational studies. Children with AE are at increased risk of ADHD . SR s on the risk of depression and Th17‐mediated disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease of patients with AE are missing.
Role of programmed cell death in carcinogenesis.
Authors: J T Isaacs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Cells possess within their repertoire of genetic programs the ability not only to proliferate and be functionally active, but also to activate and undergo a process of self-induced destruction. This process, called programmed cell death, involves a genetic reprogramming of the cell that results in an energy-dependent cascade of biochemical and morphological changes within the cell that result in its death and elimination. Activation of this programmed death process is controlled by a series of endogenous cell-type-specific signals. In addition, a variety of exogenous cell-damaging treatments (e.g., radiation, chemicals, and viruses) can activate this pathway if sufficient injury to the cell occurs. Because a cell must undergo a series of molecular changes to acquire the malignant phenotype and because these changes are often induced by agents or treatment that damage the cell over an extended period of time, anything that enhances the survival of initiated/damaged cells will promote the carcinogenic process. This paper presents an overview of the regulation and mechanism of programmed cell death and how derangement of this regulation may be involved in carcinogenesis.
Identification of Ultrasound Echoes from the Left Ventricle by Use of Intracardiac Injections of Indocyanine Green
Authors: HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, JOHN M. STONE, DON A. LEE, WILLIAM K. NASSER, SONIA CHANG
Journal: Circulation (1970)

This study was designed to identify the ultrasound echoes originating from the left ventricle. Injections of indocyanine green and saline were made directly in the left ventricular cavity via a cardiac catheter in patients undergoing routine diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The injections produced a cloud of echoes that filled the left ventricular cavity and outlined the left side of the interventricular septum and the endocardial surface of the posterior left ventricular wall. The results of this study verified the origin of echoes that are vital to the ultrasound technics for the detection of pericardial effusion, left ventricular wall size, left ventricular cavity size, and left ventricular stroke volume. This study also provided ways of distinguishing between the true left ventricular wall echoes and intracavitary echoes that often cause confusion.
Cholecystokinin A and B receptors are differentially expressed in normal pancreas and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Authors: D S Weinberg, B Ruggeri, M T Barber, S Biswas, S Miknyocki, S A Waldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. While human CCK-A and -B receptors have been fully characterized, their relative roles in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma remain unclear. Thus, expression of CCK-A and -B receptors in normal human pancreas, pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and other human extrapancreatic tissues and malignancies was examined, using reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). mRNA isolated from 15 normal pancreas specimens, 22 pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and 58 extrapancreatic tissues and tumors was subjected to RT-PCR using primers specific for human CCK-A and -B receptors. Expression of CCK-B receptors was detected in all tissues arising from pancreas and in most extrapancreatic tissues and tumors. In contrast, CCK-A receptors exhibited a more selective pattern of expression in gall bladder, intestine, brain, ovary, spleen, and thymus. Of significance, CCK-A receptors were expressed selectively in all pancreatic adenocarcinomas, but not in any normal pancreas specimens. In situ hybridization, using receptor-specific riboprobes, localized CCK-A receptor expression to ductal cells, the presumed origin of most human pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Southern blot analysis revealed no evidence of CCK-A receptor gene amplification or rearrangement in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Because of its selective expression, the CCK-A receptor may serve as selective biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Diagnosing familial hypercholesterolaemia in childhood.
Authors: D J Betteridge, D Galton, M Giggins
Journal: BMJ (1977)

ness in properly conducted double-blind comparisons with placebo.Such reports vastly outnumber reports showing no such differences.May I conclude, Sir, by asserting that the hazards of treatment with psychotropic drugs are far outweighed by the hazards of leaving untreated those illnesses for which they are indicated.
The Status of an Eclectic.
Authors: Q. C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Austin, Texas, July 6, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —If a physician be a graduate of an<i>Eclectic</i>Medical College, of the first class in standing, and said physician be, in all respects, an honorable, well-behaved practitioner of medicine, and should apply in the usual regular manner, for<i>membership</i>in a local (county) medical society of so-called<i>regular</i>physicians,<i>can</i>the physicians—members of said local society—elect said graduate from an Eclectic Medical College, a member of said local society, without violating the<i>Code</i>of theAmerican Medical Association? I am not able to find any literature giving a clear and plain answer to the foregoing question; hence, I apply to you. Please answer, as you may deem best, as to mode: either through theJournal of the American Medical Associationor privately. Yours truly,
Abstract 2859: Differential effects of specific dietary fat sources on inflammation and intestinal tumorigenesis.
Authors: Stephanie K. Doerner, Elaine S. Leung, Justine S. Ko, Joseph H. Nadeau, Nathan A. Berger
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Diet-induced obesity (DIO) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are important factors that contribute to the development and progression of cancer, especially colon cancer. DIO and MetS have reached epidemic proportions in the United States and are heavily influenced by diets high in saturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Using the ApcMin/+ model of intestinal neoplasia and diets constructed from 58% coconut, corn or olive oils, we demonstrate that high amounts of dietary fats can have differential effects on DIO and MetS, as well as on intestinal tumorigenesis when compared to ApcMin/+ fed corresponding calorically equivalent control diets that contained 10% fat from these same sources. Specific sources of dietary fat lead to more rapid tumor progression, elevated polyp number and mass, as well as increased mortality, thus eliciting a detrimental impact on disease outcome, while others fail to induce an increase in polyp burden and reduce cancer severity in mice with genetic predisposition to intestinal neoplasia. We demonstrate that the tumor promoting effects of different fats are associated with systemic and local intestinal inflammation and that excess nutritional richness from specific sources can increase pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, COX-2. Adipokines, such as adiponectin and leptin, are differentially modulated in response to different fat sources. Short (3 day) dietary exposure is sufficient to induce inflammation and tumorigenesis before the onset of DIO or MetS, suggesting a potent effect of diet on intestinal immunity. Additionally, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for the innate immunity in diet-induced intestinal cancer. We show that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of innate immunity factors can significantly reduce polyp number and mass in ApcMin/+. These results suggest that nutritional modification may be a useful approach to alter intestinal and systemic inflammation with potential preventative value for use in colon tumorigenesis and that diet, immunity and cancer are intrinsically related. Citation Format: Stephanie K. Doerner, Elaine S. Leung, Justine S. Ko, Joseph H. Nadeau, Nathan A. Berger. Differential effects of specific dietary fat sources on inflammation and intestinal tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2859. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2859
Abstract 1772: Electrocardiographic Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction Risk Stratification: Quantitated SPECT Infarct Size Predicts Mortality Independent of Clinical and Exercise Test Variables
Authors: Khawaja Ammar, Todd D Miller, David O Hodge, Richard J Rodeheffer, Raymond J Gibbons
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI), as diagnosed by surveillance electrocardiography (ECG), has the same poor prognosis as recognized (RMI), independent of ejection fraction or ischemia. The value of post UMI risk stratification by infarct size is unknown. Methods : The study group consisted of 5430 patients who underwent 2 day stress (exercise n = 191, pharmacologic n = 155) and rest Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT studies. UMI was diagnosed if ECG showed Q wave MI in the absence of history of MI. SPECT infarct size was quantitated based on a 60% of peak counts threshold method and was expressed as a percentage of the left ventricle (% LV). The association between infarct size and mortality was adjusted for clinical and exercise test prognostic scoring systems. Results : The population consisted of 346 UMI, 628 RMI, and 4456 patients without MI (No MI). Compared to No MI, mortality risk was increased in UMI (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.6–1.9; p &lt; 0.001) and RMI (RR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.9; p &lt; 0.001) patients. In the UMI group, infarct size was significantly associated with mortality ( p &lt; 0.001), which persisted after adjustment for Mayo prognostic score alone (available in all patients) ( p &lt; 0.001) and for Mayo prognostic score, Framingham risk score, and Duke treadmill score (data available in 137 patients) ( p &lt; 0.001). For every 10% LV increase in infarct size, mortality risk increased 30% (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.5) (see figure ). Conclusions: In patients with UMI, larger quantitated SPECT infarct size predicts increased mortality independent of clinical and exercise test prognostic scoring systems. This finding supports the use of infarct size imaging for risk stratification of UMI patients.
Variation in human T lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) antibodies in homosexual men: decline before onset of illness related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Authors: R J Biggar, M Melbye, P Ebbesen, S Alexander, J O Nielsen, P Sarin, V Faber
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Western blot analysis was used to document the development and changes in human T lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) antibody among Danish homosexual men followed longitudinally over three years. Reactivity against p15, p24, and p55 appeared earliest. After seroconversion the antibody concentration fluctuated, but in one instance a steady decline in banding intensity was seen during the 18 months before onset of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and throughout the remaining eight months of his life.
Myelin-specific regulatory T cells accumulate in the CNS but fail to control autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Thomas Korn, Jayagopala Reddy, Wenda Gao, Estelle Bettelli, Amit Awasthi, Troels R Petersen, B Thomas Bäckström, Raymond A Sobel, Kai W Wucherpfennig, Terry B Strom, Mohamed Oukka, Vijay K Kuchroo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Racial Differences in Susceptibility to Infection by<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: William W. Stead, John W. Senner, William T. Reddick, John P. Lofgren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The prevalence of tuberculosis among blacks is known to be about twice that among whites. When we looked at infection rates among the initially tuberculin-negative residents of 165 racially integrated nursing homes in Arkansas, we were stimulated to investigate whether this difference could be due in part to racial differences in susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A new infection was defined by an increase of ≥12 mm of induration after a tuberculin skin test (5 tuberculin units) administered at least 60 days after a negative two-step test.
Abstract 4115: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide causes the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptors in lung cancer cells
Authors: Terry W. Moody, Samuel A. Mantey, Robert T. Jensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an autocrine growth factor for some lung cancer cells. The activated PAC1 receptor (R) causes phosphatidylinositol turnover, elevates cyclic AMP and increases proliferation of lung cancer cells (Zia et al., Cancer Res. 55:4886 (1995)). PAC1R mRNA is present in NSCLC cell line NCI-H838, which has epidermal growth factor (EGF)R. PACAP or EGF stimulated the proliferation of NCI-H838 cells whereas PACAP(6-38) or gefitinib inhibited growth. To investigate the cellular basis of these actions, the ability of PACAP to alter EGFR function was investigated using NSCLC cells. PACAP, but not the closely related vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) significantly increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation (4-fold) 2 min after addition to NCI-H838 cells. The ability of PACAP to increase EGFR or ERK tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by PACAP(6-38) (PAC1R antagonist), gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), or antibody to transforming growth factor (TGF) α. These results suggest that PACAP may increase the rate of release of TGFα from NCI-H838 cells, resulting in elevated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. PACAP stimulation of EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation was inhibited by addition of N-acetylcysteine (anti-oxidant), tiron (superoxide scavenger), DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or U-73122 (Phospholipase C inhibitor) but not H89 (protein kinase A inhibitor) to NCI-H838 cells. These results indicate that PACAP, a growth factor for NSCLC, causes transactivation of the EGFR in an oxygen-dependent manner that involves phospholipase C but not protein kinase A. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4115.
THE ECZEMA-ASTHMA-PRUEIGO-COMPLEX*
Authors: R. CRANSTON LOW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article THE ECZEMA‐ASTHMA‐PRUEIGO‐COMPLEX Get access R. CRANSTON LOW, M.D., F.R.C.P. R. CRANSTON LOW, M.D., F.R.C.P. Lecturer on Diseases of the Skin, Edinburgh University; and Physician to the Skin‐Department, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 10, 1 October 1928, Pages 389–406, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb09257.x Published: 01 October 1928
Increased 99mTc-Pyrophosphate Uptake with Radiation Pneumonitis
Authors: ROBERT SARRECK, RAJASEKAR SHAM, LESLIE L. ALEXANDER, ENGRACIO P. CORTEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

A case of radiation pneumonitis confirmed by tissue biopsy is presented with demonstration of increased uptake of 99mTc-pyrophosphate.
Book Review Vascular Dementia: Cerebrovascular Mechanisms and Clinical Management (Current Clinical Neurology.) Edited by Robert H. Paul, Ronald Cohen, Brian R. Ott, and Stephen Salloway. 356 pp., illustrated. Totowa, N.J., Humana Press, 2005. $145. 1-58829-366-1
Authors: Carol F. Lippa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension
Authors: Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jonathan N. Tobin, Senaida Fernandez, Andrea Cassells, Marleny Diaz-Gloster, Chamanara Khalida, Thomas Pickering, Joseph E. Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Data are limited on the implementation of evidence-based multilevel interventions targeted at blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive blacks who receive care in low-resource primary care practices. Methods and Results— Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension is a cluster-randomized clinical trial in which 30 community health centers were randomly assigned to the intervention condition (IC) or usual care (UC). Patients at the IC sites received patient education, home BP monitoring, and monthly lifestyle counseling, whereas physicians attended monthly hypertension case rounds and received feedback on their patients’ home BP readings and chart audits. Patients and physicians at the UC sites received printed patient education material and hypertension treatment guidelines, respectively. The primary outcome was BP control, and secondary outcomes were mean changes in systolic and diastolic BPs at 12 months, assessed with an automated BP device. A total of 1059 patients (mean age, 56 years; 28% men, 59% obese, and 36% with diabetes mellitus) were enrolled. The BP control rate was similar in both groups (IC=49.3% versus UC=44.5%; odds ratio, 1.21 [95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.63]; P =0.21). In prespecified subgroup analyses, the intervention was associated with greater BP control in patients without diabetes mellitus (IC=54.0% versus UC=44.7%; odds ratio, 1.45 [confidence interval, 1.02–2.06]); and small-sized community health centers (IC=51.1% versus UC=39.6%; odds ratio, 1.45 [confidence interval, 1.04–2.45]). Conclusions— A practice-based, multicomponent intervention was no better than UC in improving BP control among hypertensive blacks. Future research on the implementation of behavioral modification strategies for hypertension control in low-resource settings should focus on the development of more efficient and tailored interventions in this high-risk population. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00233220.
Sustained Efficacy Assessed By Number Needed to Treat for Timothy Grass Immunotherapy Tablets in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis with/without Conjunctivitis up to 2 Years after 3 Years of Treatment
Authors: Stephen R. Durham, Amarjot Kaur, Gary Koch, Jay M. Portnoy, Jens S. Andersen, Ziliang Li, Jennifer Maloney, Hendrik Nolte
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Maximal Urine Concentration in Hydronephrosis (Due to Urinary Schistosomiasis) With and Without Bacteriuria.
Authors: J. Stauffer Lehman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Maximal Urine Concentration in Hydronephrosis (Due to Urinary Schistosomiasis) With and Without Bacteriuria.J. Stauffer Lehman Jr., M.D., Zoheir Farid, M.D., Samir Bassily, M.D., Donald C. Kent, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. Stauffer Lehman Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Zoheir Farid, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Samir Bassily, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Donald C. Kent, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-802_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptObstructive urinary tract disease due toSchistosoma haematobiuminfection was evaluated as a model of hydronephrosis in man. The effect of hydronephrosis and bacteriuria on renal function was studied. Maximal urinary concentrating ability (Umax); 24-hr creatinine clearance, and intravenous urography were tested before and after treatment in 35 men, aged 4 to 52 years, with urinary schistosomiasis. Nine patients had minimal urographic abnormalities and were able to concentrate (mean = 862 mOsm/kg) better (P< 0.0005) than 12 patients with bilateral obstructive uropathy (763 mOsm/kg). In eight patients with bilateral obstructive uropathy and bacterial urinary tract infection Umax(583 mOsm/kg)... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. Stauffer LehmanJr., M.D.; Zoheir Farid, M.D.; Samir Bassily, M.D.; Donald C. Kent, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Cairo Egypt, U.A.R. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 802-802KeywordsAttentionCreatinineInfectious diseasesPyelographySchistosomiasisUrinary tract infectionsUrine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...