tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Routine Prenatal and Gynecologic Care in Prepaid Group Practice
Authors: Michael John Hughey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A survey of routine prenatal and gynecologic care provided by 26 prepaid medical groups to 1 673 895 members and 25 724 obstetrical deliveries per year showed that, in actual clinical practice, there is considerable disagreement over what should constitute routine care. The fact that many providers of care do not adhere to routines recommended by textbooks, professional groups, or legal precedent leads to diversity of routine care. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1775-1777)
INTEGRATION OF CANCER STEM CELL MAINTENANCE AND LIPID METABOLISM BY SCAVENGER RECEPTORS
Authors: J. D. Lathia, J. S. Hale, A. E. Sloan, C. L. Gladson, S. L. Hazen, C. Horbinski, J. N. Rich, J. M. Brown
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) contains self-renewing, tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which contribute to tumor propagation and therapeutic resistance. While the tumor microenvironment is essential to CSC self-renewal, the mechanisms by which CSCs sense and respond to microenvironmental conditions are poorly understood. Scavenger receptors are a broad class of membrane receptors that are well characterized on immune cells and instrumental in sensing apoptotic cellular debris and modified lipids. METHODS: To interrogate the role of scavenger receptors in GBM, we utilized GBM patient tissue and patient derived xenografts. CSCs were enriched using standard cell surface marker methods and validated using functional assays (proliferation, self-renewal, tumor initiation). The role of scavenger receptors was tested using RNA interference and small molecule approaches in combination with CSC functional assays. The use of scavenger receptors as a biomarker was evaluated using bioinformatics databases and tissue microarray analysis. Lipid metabolism was evaluated by addition of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and de novo lipogenesis was evaluated by following carbon flux from acetate and oleate into phospholipids. RESULTS: We detected the expression of CD36, a major scavenger receptor, in GBM cells in addition to previously described cell types including endothelial cells, macrophages and microglia. CD36 was enriched in CSCs and was able to functionally distinguish self-renewing cells. CD36 was co-expressed with integrin alpha 6, a previously described CSC functional marker, and CD36 reduction by RNA interference resulted in concomitant loss of integrin alpha 6 expression, self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity. These results were confirmed using a novel small molecule inhibitor to CD36. We confirmed that oxidized phospholipids, ligands of CD36, were present in GBM and found that the proliferation of CSCs, but not non-CSCs, increased with exposure to oxLDL. RNA and protein levels of CD36 were informative biomarkers of malignancy and negatively correlated to patient prognosis. An unbiased analysis of GBM patients revealed that higher lipid metabolism correlated to poorer prognosis. To determine if differences in lipid metabolism were present in CSCs versus non-CSCs, we evaluated de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid esterification, both of which were significantly elevated in CSCs and could be attenuated using a CD36 small molecule inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that CD36 expression is elevated in CSCs, functions to promote self-renewal, and provides CSCs a selective lipid uptake advantage. Taken together, these results provide a paradigm for CSCs to thrive by the enhanced expression of scavenger receptors, providing survival and metabolic advantages. SECONDARY CATEGORY: Preclinical Experimental Therapeutics.
Standardization of Immunoglobulin Determinations
Authors: Jayson Hyun
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In view of the up-to-date methods now readily available for the quantitative determinations of various immunoglobulins, Dr. J. I. Spector's article, "Juvenile Achlorhydric Pernicious Anemia With IgA Deficiency" (228:334, 1974), contains data that are somewhat confusing and perhaps misleading. Serum immunoelectrophoresis is primarily a qualitative test, at best only semiquantitative. Further, his data on the immunoglobulin values are not in conformity with those that are known more widely in the field of immunochemistry. It is unfortunate that immunoglobulins were not measured by more sensitive and precise methods such as single radial immunodiffusion or more preferably a nephelometric method, reporting their values in relation to more widely accepted and acknowledged normal ranges. In view of the fact that there is an international effort to standardize our expression of immunoglobulin levels based upon the assays performed with international reference preparation (WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization,<i>WHO Tech Rep</i>
The sex difference in tumor incidence is related to the female condition: models for Europe and Italy.
Authors: R Benigni, R Giaimo, D Matranga, A Giuliani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A remarkable aspect of cancer distribution in Europe is the large spatial variability of the male-female incidence ratio, from no difference up to 50%. Given the evidence of the predominantly environmental origin of cancer, we studied the ability of a set of socioeconomic indicators of the female condition to model the spatial variability of the sex difference in tumor incidence at two different scales: between countries (Europe) and between provinces (Italy). The sex difference in tumor incidence correlated with female socioeconomic condition indicators at the same extent (r = 0.73) in both situations, but in opposite directions. In the European study the higher the sexual social equality the lower the differential tumor incidence, whereas the opposite result was shown by the between-provinces Italian study. We also investigated the relation of the female condition indicator with other social and cultural descriptors of the same populations, and we suggest explanatory models linking female condition and pathology at the continental and local scales. Overall, our analysis supports the predominantly environmental origin of cancer and stresses the importance of relating cancer patterns to societal determinants. Our analysis also suggests that the sex difference in tumor incidence is a very useful probe for exploring the social-economic cultural correlates of cancer in human populations. We emphasize the need for a thorough analysis of the empirical correlations highlighted in ecologic studies.
Abstract 2468: ATM signaling to mTORC1 in response to DNA damage independent of AMPK activation
Authors: Angela Alexander, Jinhee Kim, Cheryl L. Walker
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract When DNA becomes damaged either as a result of endogenous processes or exposure to radiation or chemicals, the DNA damage response is rapidly engaged. DNA damage response pathways have been well-characterized at the molecular level, and are known to involve a large network of proteins that trigger cell cycle checkpoints to allow time for DNA repair or trigger apoptosis via p53-dependent mechanisms if the damage is too severe to be repaired. However in addition to these classic damage responses, our previous work on ROS-induced pathways indicated that an additional aspect of the cellular damage response to many types of damage or stress could be induction of autophagy via repression of mTORC1. We found previously that ROS could activate ATM in the cytoplasm, independently of the DNA damage produced by ROS, and subsequently activate the LKB1-AMPK energy-sensing pathway to activate TSC2 and repress mTOR, therefore inducing autophagy. We next asked whether a similar pathway could be induced in response to DNA damage, since there have been a few reports of AMPK activation by DNA damage in some cell lines, and ATM has been shown to activate AMPK via both LKB1-dependent and LKB1-independent mechanisms. In a panel of cancer cell lines, including MCF7 breast carcinoma cells and SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma and other cells such as MEFs and HEK293, we profiled the signaling events in response to classic double-strand break agents such as etoposide, ionizing radiation or radiomimetic neocarzinostatin, as well as the intrastrand crosslinking agent cisplatin. In a cell-line and damage-specific manner, mTORC1 could be repressed, but unlike the previously identified ROS-induced signaling pathway, AMPK was not activated. In addition, in contrast to the rapid ROS-induced signaling pathway, DNA damage induced mTORC1 suppression occurred over a period of hours (6-24 hours), suggesting that additional mechanisms may be involved in signaling to mTORC1. Using Tsc2-deficient MEFs, we demonstrated that mTORC1 suppression requires TSC2, a negative regulator of mTORC1. This dichotomous response between ROS-induced mTORC1 suppression via AMPK activation of TSC2, and DNA damage, which does not require AMPK, indicates that mTORC1 regulation by DNA damage is complex and context-dependent, which may have implications for understanding mechanisms of action of DNA damaging cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2468. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2468
Association of birth weight with adult lung function: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study and a meta-analysis
Authors: D A Lawlor
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to examine the associations between birth weight and lung function in a cohort of women aged 60–79 years and to combine these results with those from other published studies in a systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Methods:</b> The associations of self-reported birth weight with adult lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow rate during mid expiration (FEF<sub>25–75</sub>), all measured using standard procedures, were assessed in a cross sectional study of 2257 British women aged 60–79 years. A detailed literature search was used to identify all published studies of the association, and meta-analysis was used to pool the results from our study and all published studies. <b>Results:</b> There were positive linear associations between birth weight and all three measures of lung function in simple age and examining nurse adjusted regression models. However, with adjustment for height (squared), all three associations attenuated towards the null: adjusted (age, nurse, height<sup>2</sup>) change in FEV<sub>1</sub> per 1 kg birth weight was 0.01 l (95% CI −0.02 to 0.04); in FVC was 0.02 l (95% CI −0.02 to 0.07), and in FEF<sub>25–75</sub> was 0.00 l (95% CI −0.04 to 0.04). Further adjustment for life course socioeconomic position, adult body mass index, and smoking did not alter these associations. The results were similar among life long non-smokers and those who had ever smoked. A meta-analysis of eight studies of adults suggested that there was a positive association between birth weight and FEV<sub>1</sub>: pooled increase in FEV<sub>1</sub> per 1 kg in birth weight 0.048 l (95% CI 0.026 to 0.070) adjusted for age, smoking, and height (or height squared). There was no evidence of small study bias in this meta-analysis. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is a modest positive association between birth weight and lung function which indicates that intrauterine factors might have a role in lung development.
Toxoplasmose: Praktische Fragen und Ergebnisse
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Throughout the "length and the breadth of the grizzly plain" of medical practice, toxoplasmosis is not too important, albeit dramatic when observed. The minute protozoan responsible, however, is widespread in nature. It is not known if those observed in mammals, birds, and man are of more than one species. Nor is the life cycle established. The epidemiology of infection is obscure; the mode of transmission is still a guess. Twelve authors in 12 essays have attempted here a<i>Zusammenfassung</i>of the numerous untied threads of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>infection in man. Naturally, the greatest attention is given to the areas of greater knowledge and greater interest. Therefore, the morbid anatomy of the encephalitis and the fine anatomy of the organism are described in detail. Greatest interest, however, centers on the extraordinary intrauterine infection which appears to derive from the latently infected but symptomless mother. Sources of postnatal infections, conjecturally related to
Decreased cholesterol biosynthesis in sitosterolemia with xanthomatosis: Diminished mononuclear leukocyte 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity and enzyme protein associated with increased low-density lipoprotein receptor function
Authors: Lien B. Nguyen, Gerald Salen, Sarah Shefer, St Stephen Tint, Virgie Shore, Gene C. Ness
Journal: Metabolism (1990)
Immunological reactivity in ankylosing spondylitis. Circulating immunoblasts, autoantibodies, and immunoglobulins.
Authors: A A Eghtedari, P Davis, P A Bacon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Circulating immunoblasts were studied in 39 cases of ankylosing spondylitis. The results were compared with 20 normal subjects and a group of 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Immunoblasts were found to be increased in 11 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in contrast to the controls who were found to have a normal lymphoid cell population in the peripheral blood. Fifteen patients showed raised levels of one or more class of immunoglobulin. Autoantibodies, including antinuclear factors, were negative in all cases. There was a correlation between raised immunoblasts and plasma viscosity but not with clinical assessment of activity. The increase of immunoblasts in the peripheral blood, together with the raised immunoglobulins supports the suggestion of an immunological basis for ankylosing spondylitis.
Thomas Mowbray Nott-Bower
Authors: Catherine Preston
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Psychiatrist and pioneer of the death-and-dying movementIn her groundbreaking bestseller On Death and Dying, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross overturned how physicians treat dying patients.When the book was published in 1969, death was a taboo subject and discussing it was considered morbid.Patients died alone in hospitals; physicians ignored them; and adequate pain medication was underused.The book brought these practices to the fore-and pressed for more humane treatment of the dying.The book rocked the medical profession-and at the same time also resulted in a public outcry for compassionate care of the dying.On Death and Dying is a classic work and is still in print around the world today.Kübler-Ross's work stemmed from the realisation that in her native Switzerland, death, like birth, was considered a normal part of the life cycle.In Switzerland people died at home surrounded by family and friends-and they were comfortable until the end of their lives.In contrast in the United States and other countries that placed a premium on high tech medicine, patients lay by the wayside.It was a practice she deplored.A hallmark of Kübler-Ross's work was her emphasis on communication.She stressed that patients truly wanted to review their lives, their deterioration, and imminent death.When patients and doctors could talk openly-and without fear-a good death could be achieved.In 1967 Kübler-Ross began interviewing dying patients at the University of Chicago's Billings Hospital, where she was a psychiatrist.She hoped to learn what patients were thinking as they lay dying.From her first hand research, she derived the famous five stage framework: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance-or, as she called it, "one common denominator" of death and dying.The model outlined how patients with terminal illness grappled with their diagnosis, and their emotions along the way, right through to acceptance of their impending death.She appealed to the medical community to use it.Collin Murray Parkes, consultant psychiatrist at St Christopher's Hospice in London, credits Kübler-Ross's five stage framework and its high visibility as a driving force in stimulating research and changing
Sex-related survival differences in murine cardiomyopathy are associated with differences in TNF-receptor expression
Authors: Toshiaki Kadokami, Charles F. McTiernan, Toru Kubota, Carole S. Frye, Arthur M. Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that the prognosis of heart failure in women is better than in men. In our murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy arising from cardiac-specific overexpression of TNF-α, the 6-month survival rate was significantly better in females than in males. Young female transgenic mice exhibited left ventricular wall thickening without dilatation, whereas age-matched male transgenic hearts were markedly dilated. Basal and isoproterenol-stimulated fractional shortening was preserved in female transgenic mice, but not in male transgenic mice. Myocardial expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the extent of myocardial infiltrates were similar in male and female transgenic mice. Myocardial expression of TNF-receptor mRNAs (type I and type II) was significantly higher in male mice in both transgenic and wild-type littermates, whereas sex-specific differences were not observed in either peripheral white blood cells or liver tissue. After TNF-α challenge, myocardial but not liver production of ceramide was significantly higher in male than in female mice. Thus, differential expression of myocardial TNF receptors may contribute to sex differences in the severity of congestive heart failure and mortality consequent to cardiac-specific overexpression of TNF-α.
An open study of pulse pamidronate treatment in severe ankylosing spondylitis, and its effect on biochemical markers of bone turnover
Authors: A P Cairns
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Osteoporosis is a common feature of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and vertebral fractures are an increasingly recognised complication. A cumulative fracture prevalence of between 9.5% and 18% has been reported, with a six- to eightfold relative increased risk of vertebral fracture.1–3 Osteoporosis and new bone formation (syndesmophytosis) suggest that disordered bone turnover has a role in disease pathogenesis in AS. Bisphosphonates accumulate at sites of increased bone turnover, and inhibit bone resorption by inducing osteoclast apoptosis,4 thereby improving bone density and reducing fracture rates.5 Pulse pamidronate has recently been used with clinical efficacy in the treatment of AS.6,7 Biochemical markers of bone turnover have been used to monitor response to treatment in postmenopausal osteoporosis.8

The effect of bisphosphonate treatment on biochemical bone turnover markers has not previously been studied in AS. We aimed at studying the efficacy of pulse pamidronate treatment in severe AS, and at determining its effect …
A simple sign of discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sam Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article A simple sign of discoid lupus erythematosus Get access Sam Shuster Sam Shuster Department of Dermatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 3, 1 March 1981, Pages 350–351, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00963.x Published: 01 March 1981
LABORATORY TRANSMISSION OF JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS BY SEVEN SPECIES (THREE GENERA) OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSQUITOES
Authors: W. C. Reeves, W. McD. Hammon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

In the present studies ten common species of Western North American mosquitoes have been tested for their ability to act as vectors of Japanese B encephalitis virus (see summary Table XII). The strain of Japanese B encephalitis virus which was used was adapted to direct mouse brain passage, probably a disadvantage, but no freshly isolated strain was available. Of the ten species of mosquitoes tested, seven were demonstrated to be laboratory vectors. These seven species represent three genera (Culex, Aedes, and Culiseta). In previously reported work Japanese and Russians had only incriminated five species of two genera (Aedes and Culex) (1-3). Transmission was made to mice 21 times and to a chicken once. Two attempts to infect mosquitoes from an infected chicken were unsuccessfui, but no significance is attached to so few experiments. Repeated tests for virus in the eggs, or in imagines reared from eggs of infected female mosquitoes have been negative. In this we failed to confirm results claimed by Japanese investigators (5, 6). These data, in addition to the published accounts by Japanese and Russian workers of the natural epidemiology of this disease lead us to believe that this virus might well establish itself in North America, especially if introduced in those areas where our native encephalitides are now endemic. These studies also indicate that species of mosquitoes (Culex tarsalis, Culex pipiens, See PDF for Structure Aedes dorsalis, and Culiseta inornata) now known to be fully incriminated vectors of the Western equine or St. Louis encephalitis viruses can also serve as laboratory vectors of the Japanese B virus. Methods for the effective abatement of these species should be further developed and put into practice if future epidemics of encephalitis of the Western equine, St. Louis, or Japanese B types in Western North America are to be prevented or brought under control.
Influence of the renin-angiotensin system on epidermal growth factor expression in normal and cyclosporine-treated rat kidney
Authors: Chul Woo Yang, Hee Jong Ahn, Wan Young Kim, Mi Jung Shin, Sung Kwon Kim, Joo Hyun Park, Young Ok Kim, Yong Soo Kim, Jin Kim, Byung Kee Bang
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Low body mass index is an important correlate of fatal and nonfatal complications after percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Mauro Moscucci, Anthony C. DeFranco, David Share, Michael O'Donnell, William L. Meengs, Ann Maxwell-Eward, John G. McGinnity, Kirit Patel, Vivian L. Clark, Dean E. Smith, Eva Kline-Rogers, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN MITRAL APPARATUS IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY: INSIGHTS FROM 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Dae-hee Kim, Yun-Sil Choi, Hye-Ran Kim, Hong-Kyung Park, Jong-Min Song, Duk-Hyun Kang, Jae-Kwan Song
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Six-Minute-Walk Distance Predicts Waiting List Survival in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: David J. Lederer, Selim M. Arcasoy, Jessie S. Wilt, Frank D'Ovidio, Joshua R. Sonett, Steven M. Kawut
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Functional studies may be useful to predict survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Various cutoffs of 6-min-walk distance (6MWD) have been suggested to identify patients at a high risk of death.