tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physicians and Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives-Reply
Authors: Michael G. Ziegler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —As Dr Perry notes, our study assessed the practices of house officers. However, other studies have shown that pharmaceutical sales representatives influence private practitioners. In five of six studies reviewed by Lexchin, 1 physicians who reported the most reliance on drug company information had the least appropriate prescribing. Of 85 practicing physicians surveyed by Avorn et al, 2 62% said that scientific articles were very important in influencing their prescribing, whereas only 20% said pharmaceutical company representatives were very important. However, the majority of those physicians gave opinions promoted by the drug companies that contradicted scientific articles. Thus, many physicians seem unaware of the powerful effect drug companies have in shaping their opinions. In the study by Avorn et al, 2 physicians who relied most on information from drug companies had the least accurate information about drugs. Perry is certainly correct that many physicians tend to tune out
Efficacy of Once-Daily Urapidil Treatment in Mild or Moderate Essential Hypertension Assessed by Ambulatory 24-Hour Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: B. Trimarco, G. Rosiello, P. Feldhaus, V. W. Steinijans, F. Vecchione, A. Cuocolo, G. Lembo, M. Volpe
Journal: Drugs (1988)
Strategies to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Chiun Hsu, Shu‐Chen Wei, Ann‐Lii Cheng, Pei‐Jer Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Immunosuppresive therapy, including steroids, cytotoxic agents, and tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists, is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease.1 The case reported by Zeitz et al.2 reiterated hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation as a potentially life-threatening complication in patients who received immunosuppressive therapy and the necessity of preventive antiviral therapy, consistent with our observation.3 Several issues should be addressed to optimize the preventive strategy in this setting. The first issue is the optimal antiviral regimen and treatment duration. A significant proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease require long-term immunosuppressive therapy to maintain disease remission. Lamivudine is generally not recommended for long-term (more than 12 months) use because of the high incidence of drug-induced viral mutations.4 Agents with lower risk resistance, such as entecavir or tenofovir, should be considered first. According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines, antiviral treatment should continue for 6 months after completion of immunosuppressive therapy or until endpoints for chronic HBV infection in immunocompetent patients have been reached.4 The second issue is the patient population at risk for HBV reactivation. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting the immune system may cause profound immunosuppression and may increase the risk of HBV reactivation not only in carriers of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) but also in patients with "resolved" HBV infection.5, 6 In a retrospective analysis of lymphoma patients who were HBsAg-negative and anti-HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) positive, 5 of the 21 patients who received chemotherapy plus rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, developed hepatitis; all of them were attributed to HBV reactivation. The actual incidence of HBV reactivation may be even higher. Prospective studies to clarify the actual incidence and risk factors of HBV reactivation after immunotherapy in this patient population are necessary to define the optimal preventive strategy. Chiun Hsu* , Shu-Chen Wei , Ann-Lii Cheng* , Pei-Jer Chen , * Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Information Disclosure and the Physician Payments Sunshine Act--Reply
Authors: D. Carpenter, S. Joffe
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluorescence Endoscopy of Gastrointestinal Diseases: Basic Principles, Techniques, and Clinical Experience
Authors: H. Stepp, R. Sroka, R. Baumgartner
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Visual detection of tumors, especially during the early stages, is expected to be improved considerably by examining the fluorescence either of tumor-selective exogenous dyes such as protoporphyrin IX, induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid, or by analyzing the autofluorescent properties of healthy and neoplastic tissue. The present paper describes technical devices using light sources for fluorescence excitation, and sensitive detection systems such as intensified cameras and optical multichannel analyzers used for fiber-assisted point measurements. In the discussion of these systems, special consideration is given to their commercial availability and potential for endoscopic applications in the gastrointestinal tract. In this clinical discipline, the major interest lies in the ability to locate malignancies in the esophagus and colon. In recent years, there has been increasing clinical experience in this area, particularly in detecting adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus and malignant alterations in the colon, such as in ulcerative colitis and polyps. Although several research groups have reported sensitivities and specificities for fluorescence gastroscopy of more than 80%, the potential benefits of the technique to patients need to be evaluated in further clinical studies.
Male pseudohermaphroditism presumably due to target organ unresponsiveness to androgens. Deficient 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone binding in cultured skin fibroblasts.
Authors: M Kaufman, C Straisfeld, L Pinsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Maximum specific 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding activity (Bmax) had been measured in intact confluent monolayers representing fibroblast strains derived form nongenital and genital (labium majus) skin of normal individuals and of 11 patients fulfilling the clinicogenetic criteria of complete testicular feminization (TF). Nine labium majus strains from adult females had a mean Bmax value three times greater than that of seven nongenital strains from adult females (33 vs. 11 fmol/mg cell protein). The Bmax results for 13 adult nongenital strains varied from 5.6 to 23.3 fmol/mg protein; the values for males and females had very similar means and ranges. The variation could not be correlated with the chronologic age of adult skin explant donors or with the in vitro age (mean population doubling level) of the cultures assayed. The Bmax activities of three nongenital strains from normal infants (two male, one female) did not exceed 5 fmol/mg protein. Seven of eight nongenital TF strains had Bmax values below 2 fmol/mg protein; the value for the eighth coincided with the lower limit of normal adults. The lower limit of DHT binding in normal labium majus strains was 15 fmol/mg protein. Three of five labial strains from patients with TF had Bmax values close to zero; the other two fell between 10 and 15 fmol/mg protein. It is apparant that labial skin fibroblast strains from clinically homogeneous patients with TF had highly variable degrees of DHT binding deficiency, and that they permit a more reliable diagnosis of severe and intermediate degrees of DHT binding deficiency than do strains of nongenital skin fibroblasts.
CASE PRESENTATION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: JAMES E. RASMUSSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

All reported cases of Hætnophilus influenzæ cellulitis are reviewed and compared. A typical patient is a male between the ages of 1–3 years. He is acutely ill with a red‐blue cellulitis of the face. Swelling of the involved area is massive and rapid in onset. Both temperature and the number of leukocytes are markedly elevated, Hæmophilus influenzæ type B can usually be isolated from cultures of the blood or nasopharynx. Appropriate antibiotic therapy produces prompt remission of both signs and symptoms.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE DACRYOCYSTITIS
Authors: F. H. VERHOEFF
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The purpose of this paper is chiefly to call attention to a procedure in the treatment of acute dacryocystitis which, although first advocated by Agnew over forty years ago,1has been generally overlooked or forgotten. About three years ago I devised the same procedure, unaware at the time that Agnew had preceded me, and ever since have made use of it with increasing satisfaction.2  The methods of treating acute dacryocystitis most widely followed are undoubtedly those set forth by Fuchs in his text-book, viz:  If the inflammation has passed the initial stage, it is idle to endeavor to prevent the formation of an abscess; besides, the methods of syringing, expression and compression, given above, could not be employed on account of the swelling and painfulness of the parts. The only thing to do now is to hasten the formation of the abscess, an object which is best attained
Abstract 1034: Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms Are Often Due to Wavefront Collision or Functional Block Rather than Focal Triggers in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Edward P Gerstenfeld, Sattar Gojraty, Hermengol Valles, Jean-Francois Roux, Nimrod Lavi, John Michele
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFEs) have been described as a target during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, however, the mechanism leading to CFEs is poorly understood. We used noncontact mapping in a canine model of AF to determine the activation patterns in areas characterized by CFEs. Sustained AF was induced in 5 canines with 12 weeks of atrial tachy-pacing. A noncontact Multielctrode Array (MEA) was deployed in the left atrium (LA) and a contact bipolar CFE map was constructed. Areas of CFE were outlined on the map, and the MEA was then used to reconstruct wavefront propagation through CFE areas during 3 separate recording segments for each CFE site. There were 18 CFE regions identified (3.8/dog) and 54 noncontact CFE activation sequences studied. Activation patterns during the three recoding segments over time were consistent in 11/18 CFE regions (61%). The CFE regions were stereotypically located at the PV/LA junctions and the LA roof. Thirty-five CFE regions were characterized by wavefront collision, usually between circulating LA wavefronts and entry/exit from the PVs. Thirteen CFE regions were noted to be the central functional barrier of a rotor (Figure ) or partial rotor. Five regions were characterized by repeated conduction through a central isthmus with wavebreak. In this pacing-induced AF model, common causes of CFEs include collision between circulating LA wavefronts conduction through channels of functional block, the central vortex of a circulating rotor. The vast majority of these CFE regions were caused by heterogeneous anatomy and areas of functional block rather than true “drivers” of AF.
Histamine control affects the weal produced by the adjacent diluent control in skin prick tests
Authors: E. O. Terho, K. Husman, J. Kivekäs, H. Riihimäki
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The effect of histamine chloride control (10 mg/ml) on the weal reaction produced by the adjacent test solution (buffered glycerol‐saline diluent control) in skin prick tests was studied among 270 peat workers and 214 lumberjacks. The diluent control was placed on the skin at two test sites: 3–4 cm and 18–19 cm from the site of the histamine control. Prick‐test lancets (Dome/Hollister‐Stier) were used to prick the skin. Weal areas of 6 mm 2 or larger were considered to be positive reactions. In both populations the diluent control caused positive reactions nearly three times more often when the test site was 3–4 cm from the site of the histamine control than when it was 18–19 cm away from the control ( P &lt; 0.001). Similar relationships might be found between histamine control and allergen solutions. This finding should be taken into account in histamine‐based standardization of the results of skin prick tests as well as in biological standardization of allergen solutions.
Enhanced CD4+ T-Cell Recovery with Earlier HIV-1 Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Tuan Le, Edwina J. Wright, Davey M. Smith, Weijing He, Gabriel Catano, Jason F. Okulicz, Jason A. Young, Robert A. Clark, Douglas D. Richman, Susan J. Little, Sunil K. Ahuja
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The relationship between the timing of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) after infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts is unknown.In a prospective, observational cohort of persons with acute or early HIV-1 infection, we determined the trajectory of CD4+ counts over a 48-month period in partially overlapping study sets: study set 1 included 384 participants during the time window in which they were not receiving ART and study set 2 included 213 participants who received ART soon after study entry or sometime thereafter and had a suppressed plasma HIV viral load. We investigated the likelihood and rate of CD4+ T-cell recovery to 900 or more cells per cubic millimeter within 48 months while the participants were receiving viral-load-suppressive ART.Among the participants who were not receiving ART, CD4+ counts increased spontaneously, soon after HIV-1 infection, from the level at study entry (median, 495 cells per cubic millimeter; interquartile range, 383 to 622), reached a peak value (median, 763 cells per cubic millimeter; interquartile range, 573 to 987) within approximately 4 months after the estimated date of infection, and declined progressively thereafter. Recovery of CD4+ counts to 900 or more cells per cubic millimeter was seen in approximately 64% of the participants who initiated ART earlier (≤4 months after the estimated date of HIV infection) as compared with approximately 34% of participants who initiated ART later (>4 months) (P<0.001). After adjustment for whether ART was initiated when the CD4+ count was 500 or more cells per cubic millimeter or less than 500 cells per cubic millimeter, the likelihood that the count would increase to 900 or more cells per cubic millimeter was lower by 65% (odds ratio, 0.35), and the rate of recovery was slower by 56% (rate ratio, 0.44), if ART was initiated later rather than earlier. There was no association between the plasma HIV RNA level at the time of initiation of ART and CD4+ T-cell recovery.A transient, spontaneous restoration of CD4+ T-cell counts occurs in the 4-month time window after HIV-1 infection. Initiation of ART during this period is associated with an enhanced likelihood of recovery of CD4+ counts. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others.).
Modulation of chronic excessive interleukin-6 production in multiple mycloma does not affect thyroid hormone concentrations
Authors: H.C.T. van Zaanen, J.A. Romijn, H.P. Sauerwein, H.M. Lokhorst, S.O. Warnaar, L.A. Aarden, E. Endert, M.H.J. van Oers
Journal: Metabolism (1997)
Measurement of left atrial systolic time intervals in hypertensive patients using Doppler echocardiography: Relation to fourth heart sound and left ventricular wall thickness
Authors: Hitoshi Abe, Masatoshi Yokouchi, Fujio Deguchi, Fumio Saitoh, Hiroki Yoshimi, Yoshio Arakaki, Takashi Natsume, Yuhei Kawano, Kaoru Yoshida, Morio Kuramochi, Keiichi Ito, Teruo Omae
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
SUCCESSFUL CASE OF EXCISION OF THE KNEE-JOINT
Authors: C. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1854)

lyg hospital of this caital, be d not aiy to EDnglish usaes, but to all notion of d ortietyl Expenence proves the neptive.Muck la do see reason to abate the delight I e e on reketing that the lowest clas of prostitutes., in some of the crowded capitals of continental trope, are being made the objects of observations which, however contrary to preconceived opinios, do not appear to injure them, while they afford a prospect of benefit to the whole family of mankind.
Double outlet right ventricle with L-position of the aorta, D-loop, subaortic VSD, and pulmonary stenosis.
Authors: J M Caffarena, F G Sanchez, M Concha, J M Gomez-Ullate, J J Peris, R Frias, E Otero, H Ferrer, A Montero
Journal: Thorax (1976)

We describe a case of double outlet right ventricle with subaortic ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis treated successfully with cardiopulmonary bypass. We consider the clinical history and angiocardiographic and surgical findings of this rare anomaly. We stress the difficulties of reconstruction of the outflow tract of the right ventricle, because of the anomalous pathway of the right coronary artery, the posterior situation of the pulmonary artery, and the abnormal anatomy present in the outflow tract of the right ventricle.
A REPORT OF TEN CASES OF PNEUMOTHORAX OCCURRING IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: J. W. TRASK
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Pneumothorax as an accident in or complication of pulmonary tuberculosis, occurs usually in but a small percentage of cases. According to West this percentage is 5. Eichhorst found 5 per cent in 390 cases, Gutmann, 4.2 per cent in 2,200, while Weil found 10 per cent in 355 cases. It has been the universal experience that pneumothorax is usually total, that is, that the entire lung collapses and contracts up against the spinal column, thus separating the visceral and parietal pleurae by a considerable air space, and that partial pneumothorax in which but a part of the lung collapses, and the rest remains in place, due to adhesions or other causes, and but a portion of the pleurae separate to form a cavity, is much less common. Powell and Whitney state that the total form is the rule, and in Weil's series of 36 cases all but four were of
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF THE RHEUMATIC SUBJECT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ACTIVITY OF THE RHEUMATIC PROCESS
Authors: Alvin F. Coburn, Ruth H. Pauli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. A method for determining the antistreptolysin titer is described in detail. 2. The natural human level of antistreptolysin determined in this way is approximately 50 units.
A single self-deceived or several subselves divided?
Authors: Douglas T. Kenrick, Andrew E. White
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Would we lie to ourselves? We don't need to. Rather than a single self equipped with a few bivariate processes, the mind is composed of a dissociated aggregation of subselves processing qualitatively different information relevant to different adaptive problems. Each subself selectively processes the information coming in to the brain as well as information previously stored in the brain.
Clash over public access rights and patient confidentiality sparks trial
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A world expert and two of his university colleagues have been charged with court obstruction by the Swedish parliamentary ombudsman and now face a public criminal trial as a result of a clash over rights to access public data and the need to maintain patient confidentiality.

Christopher Gillberg, professor of child and adolescent psychiatry at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, and St George's Hospital, London; Gunnar Svedberg, vice chancellor of the University of Gothenburg; and Arne Wittlov, chairman of the university's board of directors, could …
A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF ONYTERACYCLINE AND DOXYCYCLINE IN ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: LENNART JUHLIN, STURE J. IDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

SUMMARY.— A double-blind cross over study on the effect of oxytetracycline and doxycycline in acne vulgaris was performed on 28 patients. The acne lesions were classified in different grades of severity and counted. In this way a reasonably precise assessment of the clinical picture could be obtained. After 4 weeks of treatment with either 750 mg. of oxytetracycline or 100 mg. of doxycycline daily, the severity of the disease was reduced to about 55% of the initial values. After reduction of the dose to one-third of the initial dose, a relapse was noted in 8 patients, 6 of whom had been treated with 100 mg- of doxycycline every third day. On average, improvement continued during the 12 weeks of treatment. At this time the “total acne load” was reduced to 19–31% of the initial values (corresponding to 28–39% of the total number of lesions). No definite side effects were noted.
Atrial natriuretic factor gene expression in ventricles of rats with spontaneous biventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: R T Lee, K D Bloch, J M Pfeffer, M A Pfeffer, E J Neer, C E Seidman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

A subset of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats that spontaneously develops biventricular hypertrophy (BVH) in response to increased cardiac output was evaluated for ventricular expression of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene. Normal WKY rats had low levels of left ventricular ANF mRNA and minimally detectable ANF transcripts in the right ventricle. In contrast, BVH rats showed a sixfold greater ANF mRNA concentration in the left ventricle than age-matched WKY controls. BVH right ventricular ANF mRNA levels equaled those found in BVH left ventricles and were dramatically greater than WKY right ventricular controls. Unlike experimental models of hypertrophy, both left and right ventricles significantly increase ANF gene transcripts in the natural development of BVH. The left and right ventricles can concordantly respond to hypertrophy and increase ANF gene transcription.