tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil accumulation in the lung in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Spontaneous release of leukotriene B4 by alveolar macrophages.
Authors: R C Hubbard, G Fells, J Gadek, S Pacholok, J Humes, R G Crystal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The emphysema of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is conceptualized to result from insufficient alpha 1AT allowing neutrophil elastase to destroy lung parenchyma. In addition to the deficiency of alpha 1AT in these individuals resulting from mutations in the alpha 1AT gene, it is recognized that, for unknown reasons, there are also increased numbers of neutrophils in their lungs compared with normal individuals. With the knowledge that alveolar macrophages have surface receptors for neutrophil elastase, we hypothesized that the neutrophil accumulation in the lower respiratory tract in alpha 1AT deficiency may result, in part, from release of neutrophil chemotactic activity by alveolar macrophages as they bind uninhibited neutrophil elastase. Consistent with this hypothesis, alpha 1AT-deficient alveolar macrophages spontaneously released nearly threefold more neutrophil chemotactic activity than normal alveolar macrophages. Analysis of alpha 1AT-deficient macrophage supernates by reverse-phase HPLC, molecular sieve chromatography, radioimmunoassay, and absorption with anti-LTB4 antibody revealed that the majority of the chemotactic activity was leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a mediator absent from normal macrophage supernates. Consistent with this hypothesis, incubation of normal macrophages with human neutrophil elastase resulted in the release of the same neutrophil chemotactic mediator. Furthermore, purified human alpha 1AT was able to prevent the neutrophil elastase from stimulating the macrophages to release the chemotactic factor. Together, these findings suggest that the absence of a normal antineutrophil elastase screen in the lower respiratory tract permits free neutrophil elastase to bind to alveolar macrophages, resulting in the release of LTB4, a process which attracts neutrophils to the alveoli of alpha 1AT deficient individuals, thus accelerating the lung destruction that characterizes this disorder.
Firm tried to block report on failure of AIDS vaccine
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Genome-wide association studies are a powerful and widely used tool to decipher the genetic control of complex traits. One of the main challenges for hybrid crops, such as maize or sunflower, is to model the hybrid vigor in the linear mixed models, considering the relatedness between individuals. Here, we compared two additive and three non-additive association models for their ability to identify genomic regions associated with flowering time in sunflower hybrids. A panel of 452 sunflower hybrids, corresponding to incomplete crossing between 36 male lines and 36 female lines, was phenotyped in five environments and genotyped for 2,204,423 SNPs. Intra-locus effects were estimated in multi-locus models to detect genomic regions associated with flowering time using the different models. Thirteen quantitative trait loci were identified in total, two with both model categories and one with only non-additive models. A quantitative trait loci on LG09, detected by both the additive and non-additive models, is located near a GAI homolog and is presented in detail. Overall, this study shows the added value of non-additive modeling of allelic effects for identifying genomic regions that control traits of interest and that could participate in the heterosis observed in hybrids.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Selective Enhancer of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis
Authors: R. B. Hostetter, L. B. Augustus, R. Mankarious, K. Chi, D. Fan, C. Toth, P. Thomas, J. M. Jessup
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Although the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is directly associated with a poor prognosis in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC), its function is obscure. As a member of the immunoglobulin supergene family, CEA may be involved with intercellular recognition and binding and facilitate attachment of CRC to sites of metastasis. In an experimental metastasis model of CRC in athymic nude mice, a systemic injection of CEA enhanced experimental liver metastasis and implantation in liver by a weakly metastatic CRC. This CRC also selectively bound to CEA that was attached to plastic. Thus, CEA may function as an attachment factor for CRC. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:380–385, 1990]
Survival of Spermatozoa in a Human Sperm Bank
Authors: Keith D. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Human semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for periods of time up to eight years and two months. A total of 1,764 vials containing 1.1 ml of semen from 533 ejaculates provided by 207 donors were frozen. The freezing and thawing process induced a loss of approximately 50% of the original motility. Storage in liquid nitrogen for periods up to 36 months resulted in no further significant loss in mean motility. However, after this time, a progressive significant loss in motility was observed throughout the period of this study. Specimens with initial sperm counts between 40 and 200 million/ml and initial motilities between 60% and 89% appeared to withstand long-term storage best.
Phthalates and Childhood Asthma: Revealing an Association through Urinary Biomarkers
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Revealing an Association through Urinary BiomarkersExposure to phthalates, substances used as plasticizers in a large number of consumer goods, can occur by ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact.Children-who are uniquely vulnerable to adverse health effects of environmental exposures because of their still-developing neuro logical, immunological, and respiratory systems-can receive particularly high exposures due to more frequent hand-to-mouth activity, combined with contact with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surfaces and house dust, which collects phthalates (and other chemicals).Researchers now report an association between phthalate exposure and asthma and allergic disease in a cohort of 10-year-old Norwegian children [EHP 121(2):251-256; Bertelsen et al.].The research team conducted a cross-sectional analysis of urine sample data from 623 children participating in the 10-year followup to the prospective Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo.The followup included structured interviews with parents and blood tests, lung function tests, clinical examinations, and skin prick tests for allergic sensitization for children.Samples of first-morning urine were collected and assessed for three metabolites of low-molecular-weight phthalates (commonly used in personal care products) and eight metabolites of high-molecular-weight phthalates (commonly used in PVC applications such as flooring, electrical cords, car interiors, and older toys).The investigators used logistic regression modeling to estimate associations between current asthma and phthalate metabolite concentrations.Previous animal studies have shown an association between high-molecular-weight phthalates and allergic disease development, while epidemiological studies have shown exposure to house dust containing several of these chemicals to be associated with asthma and allergic disease.The current analysis revealed an association between asthma in children and the highest quartiles of exposure to the metabolites mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate and monocarboxynonyl phthalate.The parent compounds of these metabolites are high-molecular-weight phthalates used primarily as plasticizers in PVC items.No association was observed between asthma and the nine other metabolites, nor was any association detected between any metabolites and allergic sensitization.Limitations of the study include the cross-sectional design and measurements based on single urine samples, which do not reflect phthalate exposures over time.However, the findings do support the growing body of evidence showing an association between asthma and exposure to high-molecular-weight phthalates.
Severe Infections in Renal Homotransplant Recipients.
Authors: Marcel H. Koppel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Severe Infections in Renal Homotransplant Recipients.Marcel H. Koppel, M.D., A. Davis, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. Sokol, M.D., J. H. Shinaberger, M.D., M. Mims, M.D., J. W. Coburn, M.D., Milton E. Rubini, M.D., F.A.C.P.Marcel H. Koppel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Davis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. Sokol, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. H. Shinaberger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. Mims, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. W. Coburn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Milton E. Rubini, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1094_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptInfections have displaced rejection as the most important cause of morbidity and mortality after renal homotransplant. While these occur substantially bacterial, severe viral and fungal infections also occur. Sixteen systemic bacterial infections were encountered in 51 renotransplants performed at Wadsworth VA Hospital over the past 4 years. Lungs and urinary tract were the predominant site; septicemia was noted in 12. Death due to infection occurred in 11 but was associated with severe leukopenia due to immunosuppression in only 2. Perirenal abscesses led to loss of the transplanted kidney in four patients. Severe bacterial infection occurred not only in the immediate... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1094-1094KeywordsAbscessesLungsMorbidityMortalityRenal transplantationSepsis Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute Leukemia With Ph1-Like Chromosome in an LSD User
Authors: Lionel Grossbard
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Acute leukemia occurred in a user of several hallucinogenic drugs (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], mescaline, marihuana, and amphetamines). The leukemic leukocytes of the patient contained a Ph<sup>1</sup>-like chromosome; lymphocytes transformed with phytohemagglutinin did not show chromosome breaks. A Ph<sup>1</sup>-like chromosome has only rarely been reported in either acute leukemia or in cultured lymphocytes of individuals ingesting LSD.
Neonatal jaundice and molecular mutations in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient newborn infants
Authors: Ching-Shan Huang, Kun-Long Hung, May-Jen Huang, Yi-Ching Li, Te-Hui Liu, Tang K. Tang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Molecular mutations of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene and clinical manifestations of neonatal jaundice in 112 male and 50 female Chinese neonates with G6PD deficiency were studied. In the 112 males, the nucleotide (nt) 1376 (G→T) mutation was the dominant type (50.0%), followed by nt 1388 (G→A) (16.1%), nt 493 (A→G) (8.0%), nt 1024 (C→T) (6.2%), nt 95 (A→G) (5.4%), nt 392 (G→T) (1.8%), nt 487 (G→A) (1.8%), nt 871 (G→A) (0.9%), and nt 1360 (C→T) (0.9%). The nt 871 variant has not been reported in Taiwan before. The occurrence rates for nt 1376, nt 1388, nt 493, nt 95, and nt 1024 mutations in the 50 females were 44.0%, 18.0%, 12.0%, 6.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The type of G6PD mutation in 10 male and 7 female neonates has not been identified yet. Although G6PD deficient neonates had higher frequency of phototherapy than G6PD normal neonates in both sexes, a significant difference in the prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia (peak bilirubin ≥ 15.0 mg/dl) between G6PD deficient and normal neonates was found only in males. Further analysis showed that duration of phototherapy was longer in G6PD deficient male neonates than in the control group, while the outcome of phototherapy was better in subjects with non-nt 1376 mutations than subjects with the nt 1376 mutation. Most (78.3%) of the 23 G6PD deficient neonates who subsequently suffered from neonatal hyperbilirubinemia carried the nt 1376 mutation. The results of this study indicate that the nucleotide substitution at 1376 is the most common and important mutation for G6PD deficiency in Chinese neonates in Taiwan. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis by Comparative Genomic Hybridization
Authors: Sherman Elias
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Currently, the most common techniques for prenatal diagnosis are amniocentesis, performed between 14 and 22 weeks' gestation, and chorionic-villus sampling, performed between 14 and 20 weeks' gestation. Although generally regarded as safe, both of these techniques lead to fetal loss in 0.5 to 1.0 percent of women who undergo them.1,2 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis was initially developed as an extension of prenatal diagnosis. Its original purpose was to identify embryos affected by single-gene disorders such as cystic fibrosis.In contrast to amniocentesis and chorionic-villus sampling, techniques for preimplantation genetic diagnosis are performed before the establishment of a pregnancy, thereby sparing . . .
Career structure and family life
Authors: H. Pickles
Journal: BMJ (1980)

maximum part-time contracts" he states that "'many regions regard travel, administration, and emergency duties as representing two NHDs weekly for the generality of maximum part-time consultants."This seems to indicate that in those many regions maximum part- time consultants will be contracted to work for 28 hours in order to qualify for 10/1 lths of the whole-time salary.It would be helpful if Mr Bolt could com-
Pancreatic C-Peptide Response to Oral Glucose in Fibrocalculous Pancreatic Diabetes: Improvement After Treatment
Authors: Chittaranjan S Yajnik, Sudha V Kanitkar, Kishore M Shelgikar, Sadanand S Naik, K George M M Alberti, Derek Hockaday
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

β-Cell function (plasma C-peptide) in 17 fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetic (FCPD) subjects (14 newly diagnosed) was not different at presentation from that in 14 matched insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. After insulin treatment and improvement in the patients′ nutritional and metabolic status, fasting and postglucose plasma C-peptide concentrations showed a significant increase (fasting 0.06 ± 0.01 to 0.17 ± 0.03 nM, peak 0.11 ± 0.02 to 0.29 ± 0.06 nM, mean ± SE; P &amp;lt; 0.01 for both). Thus, severely diminished β-cell function in FCPD is partially reversible after treatment. This could contribute to the clinical metabolic peculiarities of this group of patients.
Why blind diabetics with renal failure should be offered treatment.
Authors: C T Flynn
Journal: BMJ (1983)

During May 1978 to April 1983 this renal dialysis unit treated 65 patients by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Of these, 24 had type I (insulin dependent) diabetes, of whom 20 were blind; eight had type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes, of whom three were blind; and 33 did not have diabetes and were not blind. The cumulative actuarial survival rates of these patients at five years were 60% for blind diabetics, 40% for sighted diabetics, and 46% for the non-diabetics. Of the 23 blind patients, 22 successfully achieved self care, including the self administration of insulin into the peritoneal dialysis solution. Blind patients had the least peritonitis and fewest complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and none objected to the treatment or requested to be taken off it or be allowed to die. It was concluded that blind diabetic patients with renal failure showed both the will and the ability to stay alive and that their treatment was worth while.
Fructose Ingestion and Cerebral, Metabolic, and Satiety Responses
Authors: Jonathan Q. Purnell, Damien A. Fair
Journal: JAMA (2013)

RUCTOSE FOUND IN SUCROSE AND HIGH-FRUCTOSE CORN syrup,bothofwhichcontainroughlyequalamounts of glucose, has been the subject of intense debate. Products containing fructose are preferred by consumers and cooks over those containing only glucose, owing to the intrinsically greater sweetness of fructose and its abilitytoimprovetheappearanceandtextureofbakedgoods. As a result, sucrose and high-fructose corn syrup are added not just to sodas, energy drinks, and sports drinks favored by adolescents and adults but also to juice drinks consumed by infants and toddlers and to snacks, processed meats, sauces, and many other foods consumed by people of all ages.
Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum Report of a Case Diagnosed by Endoscopy
Authors: S. Karlsen, A. Rosseland, R. Pytte, T. Wilhelmsen
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

Intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum is a very rare congenital anomaly arising in the second part of the duodenum in close relation to the papilla of Vater. 39 cases have been reported in our available literature. The clinical symptoms and signs are nonspecific, and characteristically the preoperative diagnosis has in all cases been based on the roentgenographic appearance of the lesion. In this paper we present a case diagnosed by duodenoscopy, the radiological studies including hypotonic duodenography revealing no pathology.
Cellular kinetics of the intestinal immune response to cholera toxoid in rats.
Authors: N F Pierce, J L Gowans
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The aims of this study were (a) to find a regime of immunization with cholera toxoid in rats which would establish a high density of antitoxin containing cells (ACC) in the lamina propria of the intestine and (b) to determine the origin of the ACC. The best cellular response was achieved by a single i.p. dose of toxoid in FCA followed by an intraintestinal boost 2 wk later. ACC appeared in the thoracic duct lymph 2 days after boosting, reaching a peak of about 200,000 ACC/h at 3--4 days. This was followed by the appearance of large numbers of ACC in the intestine. The i.p. dose of toxoid by itself gave rise to very few ACC in the gut or thoracic duct lymph, but it had clearly primed the gut immune system for a secondary response. Priming was also achieved by the prolonged oral intake of toxoid. The importance of the intestinal route for boosting was shown by the failure of i.p. challenge to give an ACC response in the intestine after i.p. priming and the small response it provoked after oral priming. ACC among thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) and in the lamina propria contained predominantly IgA. Two observations indicated that the major source of the lamina propria ACC was from cells that emerged in the thoracic duct lymph after intraintestinal challenge. Firstly, the establishment of a thoracic duct fistula immediately before challenge prevented the appearance of ACC in the intestine. Secondly, many ACC appeared in the intestine of normal rats after the injection of TDL rich in ACC. Although homing of ACC precursors to the gut was not antigen-dependent, the distribution of ACC in the lamina propria was considerably influenced by the site of the intestinal challenge, the density of ACC being greatest at or distal to the site of injection of toxoid into the lumen of the gut.
Synchronized coronary venous retroperfusion for support and salvage of ischemic myocardium during elective and failed angioplasty
Authors: Sheila Kar, J. Kevin Drury, Istvan Hajduczki, Neal Eigler, Yasushi Wakida, Frank Litvack, Neil Buchbinder, Harold Marcus, Rolf Nordlander, Eliot Corday
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Low telomerase activity in CD4+ regulatory T cells in patients with severe chronic GVHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yutaka Kawano, Haesook T. Kim, Ken-ichi Matsuoka, Gregory Bascug, Sean McDonough, Vincent T. Ho, Corey Cutler, John Koreth, Edwin P. Alyea, Joseph H. Antin, Robert J. Soiffer, Jerome Ritz
Journal: Blood (2011)
Regular Physical Activity and Coronary Risk Factors in Japanese Men
Authors: Shiun Dong Hsieh, Hideyo Yoshinaga, Takashi Muto, Yutaka Sakurai
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Physical activity decreases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but its effects on risk factors require further exploration. Methods and Results —The study included 3331 adult Japanese men in whom health benefits, especially CHD risk factors, were compared among those who were sedentary and those who were engaged in continuous physical activity of 30 minutes or more per day for 1, 2 and ≥3 days per week. Significantly higher HDL cholesterol values; lower triceps, scapula, and iliac subcutaneous fat thickness; and lower smoking rates were noted in all physically active groups compared with the sedentary group, whereas body mass index did not differ significantly. Waist-to-height ratios and the prevalence of fatty liver were significantly lower in the groups who exercised 2 or ≥3 days per week than in the sedentary group. The lowest triglyceride values were noted in the group who exercised ≥3 days per week. Multiple regression analysis revealed both the frequency of physical activity and smoking status to be independent positive and negative factors, respectively, for the HDL cholesterol value. The sum of the risk factor scores for hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and low HDL cholesterol level (one point for each if present) was highest in the sedentary group (1.38, 1.19, 1.19, 0.99 for the sedentary group and the groups who exercised 1, 2, and ≥3 days per week). Conclusions —Those who engaged in regular physical activity ≥3 days per week appeared to have the fewest coronary risk factors. However, even those engaged in physical activity once per week had fewer CHD risk factors than sedentary individuals.
Transmission of HIV-1 infections from mothers to infants in Haiti. Impact on childhood mortality and malnutrition. The CDS/JHU AIDS Project Team
Authors: N. A. Halsey
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Of 4588 pregnant women in a high-risk Haitian population, 443 (9.7%) were serologically positive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Infants born to women who were HIV-1 seropositive were more likely to be premature, of low birth weight, and malnourished at 3 and 6 months of age than were infants born to women who were HIV-1 seronegative. Increased mortality was observed in infants born to women who were HIV-1 seropositive by 3 months of age. At 12 months of age, 23.4% of the infants born to women who were HIV-1 seropositive had died compared with 10.8% of the infants born to women who were HIV-1 seronegative; at 24 months of age, the mortality rates were 31.3% and 14.2%, respectively. Maternal HIV-1 infections resulted in an 11.7% increase in the overall infant mortality rate in this population. The estimated mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission rate in these breast-fed infants was 25%, similar to the rates reported for non—breast-fed populations in the United States and Europe. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2088-2092)