tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: TATSUO SUDA, NAOYUKI TAKAHASHI, T. JOHN MARTIN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

BONE is a complex tissue in which resorption and formation continue throughout life. This process is called bone remodeling. Osteotropic hormones such as 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], PTH, and calcitonin preferentially modulate the process of bone resorption to maintain bone remodeling. The bone tissue contains various types of cells, of which the bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts are mainly responsible for bone remodeling. Osteoblasts are believed to be derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, which further differentiate into osteocytes and are embedded in calcified tissues. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells present only in bone. It is believed that osteoclast progenitors are of hemopoietic origin, and they are recruited from hemopoietic tissues such as bone marrow and circulating blood to bone. Osteoclast progenitors then proliferate and differentiate into mononuclear preosteoclasts and fuse with each other to form multinucleated osteoclasts. Osteoclasts have a unique morphology and function to resorb calcified bone by making resorption pits (Howship's lacunae). Because of the inaccessibility and fragility of osteoclasts studies on their function have been hampered. Furthermore, it is extremely difficult to obtain a large number of mammalian osteoclasts.
Funding the public health response to terrorism
Authors: Erica Frank
Journal: BMJ (2005)

On 11 September 2001, 3400 people died because of four horrific, intentional plane crashes. These individuals' only unifying characteristic was that they were in the wrong place in America at the wrong time. Their deaths, and those of Londoners killed on 7 July 2005, highlighted our vulnerability to terrorism and launched an avalanche of repercussions. As a response to these deaths, several subsequent deaths from anthrax, and other current and potential terrorist threats, the US government redefined and redirected its role in funding for public health. Governments must protect their citizens, and anticipating these possible future threats is appropriate and could prove essential to Americans' health. However, there is also an immediate and real threat that because of the US government's policy, enormous numbers of Americans will die unnecessarily.
Impotence Following Anesthesia for Elective Circumcision
Authors: John M. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

SEXUAL impotence is a distressing problem in any age group. Acquired impotence occurs rarely after massive pelvic trauma but otherwise results from extirpative surgery for a malignant neoplasm. In the young, sexually active male, unexpected impotence is catastrophic. We recently observed two young men, both of whom were rendered impotent apparently by local anesthesia for elective circumcision. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> In November 1976 a 24-year-old man was seen who had a loss of sexual potency since an elective circumcision performed 18 months previously. His erections were normal at the base and the glans but flaccid in the distal part of the shaft and of insufficient quality to allow penetration. There were no abnormalities disclosed by examination of the phallus. Photographs taken by the patient at the time of sexual excitement were consistent with his description. Findings of the remainder of the physical examination were normal. Corpus cavernography was
Deaths from haemolytic disease of the newborn.
Authors: I. Z. MacKenzie, P. J. Bowell, M. Selinger
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Protocol for postoperative observationSedation and pain score-record hourly Level Sedation Pain I Awake Pain free 2 Drowsy Comfortable except on moving 3 Asleep but moves spontaneously Uncomfortable 4 Asleep responds to stimulation Distressed but can be comforted 5 Hard to rouse Distressed Action: Action: Level 4: Stop infusion until return to level 3 Level 2: NCA-give bolus PCA-encourage bolus (10 minutes before activity) Epidural-increase rate Level 5: Stop infusion.Call pain service Level 3: Contact pain service NCA-give bolus PCA -encourage bolus Epidural-increase rate Naloxone 4 tg/kg to be available at all times Level 4: Contact pain service NCA-give bolus or increase background infusion PCA -encourage bolus or increase background infusion Epidural-give bolus or increase rate Level 5: Contact pain service NCA=Nurse controlled analgesia.PCA=Patient controlled analgesia.
Scotland be brave: why I'm a unionist
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Scotland is haggis, kilts, cabers, strawberry blonde hair, castles, shortbread, Nessie, grouse shooting, hills, and lochs. However, Scotland is also premature death, alcohol, drugs, benefit dependency, ginger nuts, knives, and deep fried Mars bars. This year we will vote on independence from the United Kingdom. For what it’s worth, here’s my opinion.

I consider all nationalism negatively; it’s divisive, no matter how it may be dressed up. I fear that behind the nationalists’ campaign lurks anti-English sentiment, a smouldering resentment of legitimate and illegitimate grievances. Although I am of direct Scottish descent and moved to Scotland as …
Diseases of Globalization: Socioeconomic Transitions and Health
Authors: Lesley Morrison
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Christine McMurray, Roy Smith 

Earthscan, £16.95, pp 200

ISBN 18538 3 711 3

Rating:![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] 

Since 11 September, we have all become acutely aware of what a small world we live in, of how vulnerable we all are to one of the worst diseases of globalisation—terrorism. The extent to which our lifestyles in the affluent North contribute to the poverty and alienation that breed terrorists has been hotly debated. This book, published before 11 September, sets out to examine the impact of modernisation and globalisation on health. …

 [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
 [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
 [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Esophageal Dysphagia from Ingestion of Foil Packaging of Tablet
Authors: MARTIN D. GELFAND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Brief Reports1 December 1978Esophageal Dysphagia from Ingestion of Foil Packaging of TabletMARTIN D. GELFAND, M.D., RONALD B. DURNING Jr., M.D.MARTIN D. GELFAND, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RONALD B. DURNING Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-940 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVarious foodstuffs and objects can obstruct the gastrointestinal tract or airway. Their presence, and the diagnostic and therapeutic measures to remove them, can cause morbidity and even death (1). We report a case of dysphagia after ingestion of incompletely unwrapped medication.An 85-year-old woman, who was taking medication for rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus, noted severe throat pain after swallowing a "handful of pills." Subsequently she had persistent painful dysphagia with solid foods and anterior chest discomfort. Within 3 weeks she had lost 4.5 kg [10 lbs].Physical examination of this alert, ambulatory woman was unrevealing except for joint changes...References1. BROOKS J: Foreign bodies in the air and food passages. Ann Surg 175:720, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MCCORMACK L and MONROE L: Esophageal perforation by swallowed foreign body causing arterial fistula with gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastrointest Endosc 23:157, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTIN D. GELFAND, M.D.; RONALD B. DURNINGJr., M.D.Affiliations: The Mason Clinic Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEsophageal impaction caused by a blister-wrapped tablet: Case report and review of the literaturePerforación esofágica tras ingestión de un comprimido en blísterTHE PREVENTION OF POISONING IN CHILDHOODCorrosion 1 December 1978Volume 89, Issue 6Page: 940-940KeywordsDysphagiaGastrointestinal tractIngestionMorbidityPainPharynxRheumatic painRheumatoid arthritisSwallowingThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1978 Copyright & Permissions©1978 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
The re-election of US President Barack Obama
Authors: R. Steinbrook
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A narrow but clear victory with profound consequences for healthcare 

Having survived constitutional and political challenges, the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in the United States is secure. On 6 November 2012, Democratic President Barack Obama was elected to a second term, narrowly but clearly defeating Republican Mitt Romney. Romney’s vow to “repeal and replace” the healthcare reforms known as “Obamacare” was a key aspect of his campaign. With Obama’s victory, millions of people will gain health insurance over the next decade, either through the private market or the expansion of Medicaid, a joint federal-state insurance program for people with low income or certain disabilities. In addition, the structure of Medicare, the federal insurance program for elderly and disabled people, should be retained.

The US presidential election was very close; a shift of several hundred thousand votes (out of more than 118 million votes cast nationally) in a handful of battleground states—including Florida, Ohio, and Virginia—could have given Romney the 270 electoral votes needed for victory, and, possibly, the power to block various aspects …
Growing pains of meta-analysis
Authors: I. Sim, M. A Hlatky
Journal: BMJ (1996)

negative history will significantly decrease the number of women who receive the vaccine.The proportion of women who would be vaccinated, based on a negative history without serological confirmation, would vary widely between different populations as the number of adults who could not recall a history of chickenpox ranged from 19% in Ohio"2 to 49% in Australia.10However, even among subjects with no, or uncertain, prior exposure to varicella, only 10-36% were non-immune." 12he availability of an active varicella vaccine opens new options for preventing chickenpox in pregnancy.Moreover, doctors may possibly face medicolegal consequences if they fail to offer the vaccine during preconception consultation.The attack rate of varicella is extremely high with household contact, and a substantial number of women with a negative history are susceptible.Furthermore, women of childbearing age may be more exposed to chickenpox from non-immunised children in their household.A routine screening and vaccina- tion programme, similar to the one currently implemented for rubella, must be considered.A history of chickenpox should be obtained from all women at preconception counselling.Sero- logical testing or vaccination should be offered.However, 1 Gershon AA, Raker R, Steinberg S, Topf-Olstein B, Drusin LM.Antibody to varicella-zoster in parturient women and their offspring in the first year of life.
Intermittent Positive-pressure Respiration in Bulbo-spinal Poliomyelitis
Authors: J. R. Harries, W. E. Lawes
Journal: BMJ (1955)

CARCINOMA OF LUNG >BRrm before there is any feeling of security.In the 1949-50 series 40% of the patients were alive at the end of two years and 34% at the end of three years.If these figures follow the pattern of the other group it would seem reasonable to suggest that a 25% survival at five years might be expected.Many of those who have died are known to have died from causes other than recurrence of cancer of the lung; suicide, accident, and old age have all played ssme part in reducing the number of survivors.A number of those who nave exceeded the five-year period are known to have lived longer than this arbitrary limit.My longest survivor is 15 years (a case not included in this analysis), and there are four who have lived 10 years, and a greater number who have passed the seven-year mark.An analysis of any surgical results in the treatment of sancer is bound to be disappointing, and there would seem to be an impression that the results of treatment in lung cancer are so poor that surgery is not worth while.This is suggested by the number of patients who are treated conservatively or are referred for radiotherapy without be- ing seen by a thoracic surgeon, who alone can give the best advice regarding the chances of operation in an individual case.In spite of the many disappointments there is a kernel of success and satisfaction in that at least 21% of the patients operated on survive the five-year period, and indeed in the more recent cases there is every reason to capect that this figure may be appreciably raised.Summary An analysis of personal cases of cancer of the lung operated on between 1940 and 1950 is made.Of a total of 689 thoracotomies, 446 were found suit- able for excision-an operability rate of about two- thirds of the cases explored.A follow-up to the end of 1953 gave for cases operated on prior to 1948 a survival rate of 34% at the end of two years, 30% at three years, 23.5% at four years, and 21% at five years.In the 1949-50 series 40% were alive at the end of two years and 34% at three years.It is thought that there is some satisfaction that at ,east 20% of these patients survived the five-year period.Moreover, the more recent cases suggest that this figure may be improved upon.
Suppression of the P50 Evoked Response and Neuregulin 1-Induced AKT Phosphorylation in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Szabolcs Kéri, Sándor Beniczky, Oguz Kelemen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Diminished suppression of the P50 auditory evoked potential is a widely used sensory gating phenotype in the molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between this phenotype and neuregulin 1-related intracellular signaling processes.The P50 evoked potential was recorded in 30 first-episode, never-medicated patients with schizophrenia and in 30 healthy comparison volunteers. Neuregulin 1-induced activation of the phosphoinositide 3'-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3beta system was characterized by the measurement of the phosphorylated AKT to total AKT ratio in peripheral B lymphoblasts.Relative to comparison subjects, patients with first-episode schizophrenia displayed diminished P50 suppression and decreased neuregulin 1-induced AKT phosphorylation. There was a significant relationship between P50 suppression and AKT phosphorylation.Decreased neuregulin 1-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT system is associated with impaired sensory gating in first-episode schizophrenia.
FREQUENCY AND IMPACT OF SINGLE VERSUS DUAL ANTIPLATELET CESSATION ON ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS: RESULTS FROM THE PARIS REGISTRY
Authors: Nilusha Gukathasan, Giora Weisz, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Annapoorna Kini, Timothy Henry, Samantha Sartori, Usman Baber, David Cohen, Alaide Chieffo, James Hermiller, Thomas Stuckey, Fayaz Shawl, David Moliterno, David Antoniucci, Peter Berger, Ron Waksman, Antonio Colombo, Roxana Mehran
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Urokinase receptor mediates mobilization, migration, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Krishna C. Vallabhaneni, Sergey Tkachuk, Yulia Kiyan, Nelli Shushakova, Hermann Haller, Inna Dumler, Gabriele Eden
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsMultipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have regenerative properties and are recognized as putative players in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The underlying molecular mechanisms remain, however, sparsely explored. Our study was designed to elucidate a probable role for the multifunctional urokinase (uPA)/urokinase receptor (uPAR) system in MSC regulation. Though uPAR has been implicated in a broad spectrum of pathophysiological processes, nothing is known about uPAR in MSCs.
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXIII. The automobile makes an impact
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In 1882 the young doctor just starting in practice was advised, as soon as his circumstances permitted, to get a horse and buggy. These would show that his practice was growing, and "anyone can ride into a full practice much quicker than he can walk into one." However, the young physician was enjoined never to "let a bony horse and seedy or unsuitable kind of carriage" stand in front of his office for "hours at a time, as if to advertise both your poverty and your paucity of practice."<sup>1</sup> Within the next 20 years the position of the horse and buggy was undergoing a profound reevaluation. A new mode of transportation was emerging from a long gestation, to become a thriving infant with a great future. Inventors in France had taken the lead. In 1895, in a 727-mile race, nine of 22 entries crossed the finish line. In America the
US health law rolls out but legal skirmishes continue
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Affordable Care Act went into effect Wednesday 1 January as legal skirmishes challenging provisions of the law continued to work their way through the courts.

In the latest judicial action, US Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor temporarily halted the enforcement of a provision of the law that requires insurers to provide contraceptive services at no additional cost to patients.

Similar injunctions have been issued in other cases by lower courts, but this was the first action involving the Supreme Court, which will likely be called on to ultimately …
Renal Colic Associated with Chlorothiazide and Hydrochlorothiazide Therapy
Authors: Maxwell L. Gelfand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

WITHIN the past few years two new drugs, chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide, have been found to be highly successful in the treatment of hypertension and edema of varying causes.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Although these agents are similar chemically, the latter has no double bond in the heterocyclic ring and is the 3,4-dihydro-derivative of chlorothiazide, in which the 3,-4 double bond is saturated by two hydrogen atoms. Pharmacologically, they act in the same manner, in that they inhibit the reabsorption of sodium by the renal tubules and cause a considerable excretion of bicarbonate and potassium.3 , 5 , 8 Several toxic manifestations have been noted as a result of . . .
Precise quantification of minimal residual disease at day 29 allows identification of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and an excellent outcome
Authors: Charlotte Nyvold, Hans O. Madsen, Lars P. Ryder, Jeanette Seyfarth, Arne Svejgaard, Niels Clausen, Finn Wesenberg, Olafur G. Jonsson, Erik Forestier, Kjeld Schmiegelow
Journal: Blood (2002)
Treating occult coeliac disease with a gluten-free diet is associated with a significant improvement in quality of life
Authors: N. R. Lewis, R. B. Hubbard, D. S. Sanders, R. F. Logan, G. K. Holmes, J. West
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The majority of coeliacs have few obvious gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms despite the presence of the enteropathy, have atypical symptoms or have physiological derangements such as iron deficiency anaemia or osteoporosis. It is not clear whether these coeliacs have a reduced quality of life or whether quality of life changes following treatment with withdrawal of gluten from the diet. Johnson <i>et al.</i> (n = 14) observed silent coeliacs had no different life quality at diagnosis nor following 1 year of treatment in comparison to healthy controls1 though Nachman <i>et al.</i> (n = 8) observed silent coeliacs had significantly worse off quality of life in comparison to controls at diagnosis.2 Our aim was to describe the quality of life at diagnosis of coeliac disease in a large contemporary cohort and observe any change following treatment with a gluten-free diet (GFD). <h3>Methods</h3> 151 adults newly diagnosed with coeliac disease between 2007 and 2008 at Nottingham, Sheffield and Derby were studied. Quality of life was assessed with SF36 questionnaire. Paired t tests were used to examine changes in SF36 quality of life scores from diagnosis of coeliac disease and following 12 months treatment with GFD. Incident coeliacs were categorised as having a classic presentation (presenting with weight loss and diarrhoea, n = 22); presenting with GI symptoms (n = 85); or having occult disease (no GI symptoms or have physiological derangements such as anaemia in absence of GI symptoms, n = 44). <h3>Results</h3> Mean SF36 score at diagnosis of coeliac disease was highest in those presenting with occult disease (65.1 (SD 18.6)) and lowest in those with classic disease (48.7 (SD 19.3)). Following exposure to 12 months GFD, there was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life (table 1). The improvement in SF36 score with a GFD was similar regardless of their presenting symptoms at diagnosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Following diagnosis and treatment of coeliac disease with a GFD, we observed an improvement in quality of life that was similar regardless of the presenting symptoms and signs recorded at diagnosis and the baseline quality of life. Without a randomised controlled trial, we cannot be sure of the true magnitude of this effect over placebo.
IMPREGNATION OF THE UNDERWEAR AS A MEANS OF CONTROLLING THE CLOTHES LOUSE
Authors: WILLIAM MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The data obtained in the experiments made to deter- mine the possibility of impregnating the underwear with some substance that would destroy the clothes louse fall into four distinct divisions: (1) impregnation with oil; (2) impregnation with oils carrying cer- tain toxic substances; (3) impregnation with the toxic substances without the oil, and (4) impregnation with nonorganic chemicals.Since there seems to be a general understanding that oily underwear is unfavorable for the development of the clothes louse, it was first determined to study a number of different oils.From the examination of the results, it was apparent that in the use of mineral oils, at the rate of 1 c.c. to 4 square inches of a medium-weight piece of underwear, the oil would destroy the lice in a mechanical manner.With a higher rate of oil than 1 c.c. to 4 square inches, this was more apparent until one reached 1 c.c. to 1 square inch, the point of saturation for the underwear.A number of mineral oils were used in this manner, such as lubricating oils, petrolatum, paraffin, chlor- cosane, and crude oils from Pennsylvania, Kansas and Oklahoma.On reduction of the amount of oil present to about 1 c.c. to 8 square inches, a point at which the garment was just visibly oily, the killing quality of the oil disappeared to a great extent.In using lard, fish oil and "bone oil," the results were no better than in the use of mineral oil, and the same may be said to be true of the vegetable oils, cottonseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, rape-seed oil and palm oil.It was noticed, however, that, in the vegetable and animal oils, if the oil was rancid or became rancid during the period of the experiments, its killing quali¬ ties were, in general, increased.The presence of oil equal to 1 c.c. to 4 square inches slightly retarded egg- laying; at the rate of 1 c.c. to 8 square inches, egg- laying was not retarded; nor was the hatching of the eggs interfered with.In the second phase of the work, in which certain toxic chemicals were introduced into the oil, a large series of experiments was conducted.Among the organic acids, salicylic, oleic, valeric, and cinnamic acids were used.Valeric acid was the only one giving good results ; but, owing to its volatility, it soon disappeared.Among the iodin derivatives used were iodoform, phenyl iodid and thymol iodid.Iodoform was very good while phenyl iodid, although killing at first, lost these properties within twenty-four hours.Surpris¬ ingly, thymol iodid failed to kill.Several alkaloids and similar compounds were used, such as cinchonin, morphin, strychnin and urea.These were uniformly of little value, owing possibly to their insolubility in the oils used.Crude anthracene was effective and retained its effectiveness for as long as 118 hours.Possibly some chemical, such as diphenyl, carbazol or arcidin, près-