tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONDITIONAL RESPONSES IN PATIENTS RECEIVING ELECTRIC SHOCK TREATMENT
Authors: STEPHEN FLECK, W. HORSLEY GANTT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

Ability to form a conditional response to a slightly painful stimulus was tested in 10 patients before, during, and after electric shock therapy. Fifty-two experiments revealed decline in performance in 6 patients. In one the deficit disappeared within 24 hours, and in another within 2 weeks after the last seizure. Two were not tested beyond 2 weeks after treatment, and in the other 2 the impairment lasted at least 3 and 9 weeks respectively. In one of these the defect persisted through a second course of electric convulsions one month later. A seventh patient with a uniformly poor record showed an organic type deficit more definitely 2 weeks after the last seizure. This failure to adapt defensively to the experimental situation appears to be related to the number of convulsions the patient has undergone. The nature of the impairment is discussed together with some of the pertinent literature. Its essential features appear to be limitation of associative range and inability to analyze and synthetize sequentially related temporal relationships. Together with data from animal experimentation the findings suggest that important adaptive, organically determined deficits may occur more often as a result of electric convulsive treatment than are clinically recognizable.
Prevalence of J-Point Elevation in Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome Families
Authors: Laurence M. Nunn, Justine Bhar-Amato, Martin D. Lowe, Peter W. Macfarlane, Pauline Rogers, William J. McKenna, Perry M. Elliott, Pier D. Lambiase
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Treatment of recurrent premenstrual orogenital aphthae with implants of low doses of testosterone.
Authors: R. Misra, D. C. Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Une observation: femme de 29 ans atteinte d'aphtes recidivants au niveau de la bouche et de la vulve en periode premenstruelle. Un traitement par progesterone n'est pas efficace. Le traitement par implants de testosterone amene une amelioration spectaculaire et durable
Treatise on Nervous Diseases
Authors: J. M. SEGORRA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The patriotic author of the Code of Health and Longevity, ln explaining the plan of his unequal work, has expressed fully ?ursentiments upon the best method of remedying the growing 0v^; and Dr Cooke has, in fact, put successfully into practice, in ?He subject, the worthy baronet's unjustly derided project of c?ndensing human knowledge into an accessible form." Let a collection be made of every author, whether ancient ?r modern, who has written directly or indirectly regarding the points in question, and let this be thoroughly examined by in- telligent men, and let every valuable fact or observation they c?ntain be extracted out of them.The whole mass of materials being thus collected, let the whole be digested, and thus a work Ayill be formed capable, undoubtedly, of improvement by future observations and new discoveries, but which would contain all material information hitherto accumulated.". Now this is nearly what Dr Cooke has done in these volumes ln Regard to apoplexy and palsy.He has perused, with intelli- gence, the best authors, ancient and modern, who have treated ?f these affections, and he has collected, arranged, and commu- nicated, in plain clear language, whatever he has found in them Worthy of notice.It is "impossible not to admire the modesty Jyith which Dr Cooke speaks of his own exertions, claiming on- y the merit of being a careful compiler, and yet the task of compilation Js foy no means easy, and may evince more talent in c author than avowed efforts at originality.pr Cooke prefixes to his work an introductory account of the ?pinions of ancient and modern physiologists respecting the na-
Nepal's premier medical school closes over alleged bribery for exam papers
Authors: S. P. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The careers of thousands of Nepalese medical graduates have been put on hold because the country’s postgraduate medical school has closed after a dispute over alleged payments for entrance exam papers.

During protests over the allegations 15 doctors, including the medical school chancellor, were rounded up by police and 20 other demonstrators were hurt. The university’s main hospital was also closed to all but emergency patients after a grievance committee of doctors, professors and students launched an indefinite strike.

The clash began when the chancellor and …
Long-term Hemodialysis and Supraclavicular Bruits
Authors: Steve D. Wheeler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CERVICAL venous hums have been reported in 87.5% of patients examined while undergoing dialysis.<sup>1</sup>Others have described supraclavicular and carotid bruits in 72% to 93.3% of hemodialysis patients when examined between dialyses.<sup>2,3</sup>Duncan et al<sup>2</sup>performed periorbital Doppler studies on hemodialysis patients and found that in "no patient was a carotid bruit heard along the carotid arteries without a louder bruit of similar characteristics more proximally"; none had an abnormal periorbital Doppler study result. It has been suggested that these sounds may be the result of a hyperkinetic vascular state and are benign. Unfortunately, no clinical maneuver has been described that clearly distinguishes genuine carotid bruits from the transmitted supraclavicular bruits heard in hemodialysis patients. However, the following case suggested a method that was helpful in making this differentiation. To test the validity of this simple technique, neurovascular examinations were performed for 40 patients with arteriovenous fistulae
Anticholinergic drugs are not contraindicated after iridotomy
Authors: A. Fink
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's diseaseAnosmia is a common finding EDrroR,-Niall Quinn's review on the recognition and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism' omits an important point-namely, that at least 70% of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease have a defective or absent sense of smell.23About 90% of patients have rigidity and akinesia, and hence impairment of the sense of smell would be the second commonest feature of this condition, at least equalling tremor in its frequency of occur- rence.About half of patients are aware of this defect, and it is suspected, although not yet proved, that anosmia may precede the onset of the motor aspects ofidiopathic Parkinson's disease.This observation has important clinical consequences.If one suspects a patient to have idio- pathic Parkinson's disease and the result of a simple bedside test of olfaction is normal then the diagnosis should be questioned.In progressive supranuclear palsy (Steele-Richardson syndrome), which may simulate idiopathic Parkinson's disease, olfaction is normal.4Furthermore, provisional information suggests that patients with benign essential tremor also have normal smell identifica- tion scores.'This might not permit the distinction from benign tremulous Parkinson's disease as our limited data suggest that olfaction is normal in this rare variety ofparkinsonism.An ideal test for olfactory identification is the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test.Unfortunately, this is quite expensive, but a preliminary assessment may be made with every- day odours such as chocolate, orange peel, coffee, rose, and vanilla.As long as local nasal disease is excluded an important clinical sign may be documented.
UREA METABOLISM IN MAN*
Authors: Mackenzie Walser, Leonard J. Bodenlos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Urea has long been considered to be meta- bolically inert.However, recent studies with isotopic urea in several species of animals have revealed that urea is hydrolyzed in the alimentary tract even when administered parenterally (1-5).This breakdown is presumably due to the action of bacterial urease, since urea metabolism can be eliminated or reduced to negligible proportions by the administration of antibiotics.In the studies reported herein, labeled urea was administered intravenously to normal subjects and the rate of extrarenal disposal was deter- mined.Both N15and C14-labeled materials were employed in order to minimize the problem of reincorporation of tracer atoms into urea.In the case of N'5, enriched ammonia produced by urea hydrolysis in the gut becomes reincorporated into newly formed urea.In the case of C14, recent evidence (6) suggests that reincorporation into urea of labeled CO2, formed by bac- terial ureolysis in the gut, may also occur; a conclusion supported by the present experiments.Despite these limitations, the results indicate that 15 to 30 per cent of the urea being synthesized in normal subjects is continually being destroyed.This breakdown can be eliminated by oral administration of neomycin.METHODS Urea containing 60.9 atoms per cent N"5 was synthesized by the ammonolysis of diphenyl carbonate (7) and purified by recrystallization.'The resulting product had a melting point of 130°C.(uncorrected).The nitrogen content was 46.7 per cent (calculated 46.7 per cent).
Bedside Tool for Predicting the Risk of Postoperative Dialysis in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, Joshua D. Grab, Sean M. O’Brien, Charles R. Bridges, James S. Gammie, Constance K. Haan, T. Bruce Ferguson, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Estimation of an individual patient's risk for postoperative dialysis can support informed clinical decision making and patient counseling.To develop a simple bedside risk algorithm for estimating patients' probability for dialysis after cardiac surgery, we evaluated data of 449,524 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or valve surgery and enrolled in >600 hospitals participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Database (2002-2004). Logistic regression was used to identify major predictors of postoperative dialysis. Model coefficients were then converted into an additive risk score and internally validated. The model also was validated in a second sample of 86,009 patients undergoing cardiac surgery from January to June 2005. Postoperative dialysis was needed in 6451 patients after cardiac surgery (1.4%), ranging from 1.1% for isolated CABG procedures to 5.1% for CABG plus mitral valve surgery. Multivariable analysis identified preoperative serum creatinine, age, race, type of surgery (CABG plus valve or valve only versus CABG only), diabetes, shock, New York Heart Association class, lung disease, recent myocardial infarction, and prior cardiovascular surgery to be associated with need for postoperative dialysis (c statistic=0.83). The risk score accurately differentiated patients' need for postoperative dialysis across a broad risk spectrum and performed well in patients undergoing isolated CABG, off-pump CABG, isolated aortic valve surgery, aortic valve surgery plus CABG, isolated mitral valve surgery, and mitral valve surgery plus CABG (c statistic=0.83, 0.85, 0.81, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively).Our study identifies the major patient risk factors for postoperative dialysis after cardiac surgery. These risk factors have been converted into a simple, accurate bedside risk tool. This tool should facilitate improved clinician-patient discussions about risks of postoperative dialysis.
Outcome in medically treated coronary artery disease. Ischemic events: nonfatal infarction and death.
Authors: P J Harris, K L Lee, F E Harrell, V S Behar, R A Rosati
Journal: Circulation (1980)

In this study we extended the characterization of outcome in 1214 medically treated patients with coronary disease by considering nonfatal infarction and death together as ischemic events. At 7 years, the cumulative event rate was 47% (18% for nonfatal infarction as the initial event and 29% for death as the initial event). In multivariable analysis of 81 baseline descriptors, 11 (six clinical and five catheterization) were independent predictors of events. Progressive chest pain, number of diseased vessels, left main stenosis and left ventricular (LV) function were the most important predictors. Progrressive pain was a more important predictor of total events than of survival alone. In patients with one-, two- or three-vessel disease and normal LV function, nonfatal infarcation accounted for at least 50% of initial events. In patients with left main disease or severe LV dysfunction, death was the predominant event. These results have important implications for interpreting the natural history of coronary artery disease.
Congenital Aortic Stenosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Martin Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Ventricular fibrillation occurred after the intravenous administration of oxytocin (Syntocinon) to a 29-year-old woman with congenital aortic stenosis, who was undergoing a therapeutic abortion because of congestive heart failure during the first trimester of pregnancy. Emergency open-heart surgery was performed with surgical correction of the valvular lesion but the patient died postoperatively. At postmortem examination, an extensive subendocardial infarction was discovered that predated the patient's hospitalization. It is concluded that oxytocin, given intravenously in doses greater than 2 units/min, should be used with extreme care in all pregnant patients with severe heart disease.
Genetic Signatures of a Mediterranean Influence in Iberian Peninsula Sheep Husbandry
Authors: Filipe Pereira, Simon J. M. Davis, Luísa Pereira, Brian McEvoy, Daniel G. Bradley, António Amorim
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Highly adaptable and versatile populations of domestic sheep, the result of millennia of intense husbandry, are found in almost every corner of the world. Here we describe a genetic survey of sheep from the western fringe of its European distribution. We studied the mitochondrial DNA control region sequences from 161 individuals belonging to 7 Portuguese sheep breeds. Our study revealed a high level of genetic diversity, with an average breed haplotype diversity of 0.983, substantially above that observed in central European breeds, as well as the presence of maternal lineages until now only found in the Middle East and Asia. A broad north–south pattern describes the most important trend in the Portuguese sheep population with a southern population clearly distinct from most other breeds. A recurrent influx of new genetic diversity, probably via the Mediterranean Sea, may explain these patterns and appears to corroborate the importance of this maritime route in the history of both mankind and livestock. Zooarchaeological studies of sheep bones from southern Portugal indicate a marked size increase during the Moslem period that may reflect an improvement of this animal—perhaps part of the well known “Arab agricultural revolution” in Andalusia. This could have been a time when the gene pool of Iberian sheep was substantially enriched and may help to explain the history of modern sheep breeds in this peninsula.
Recurrent Hyperthyroidism Presenting as Triiodothyronine Toxicosis
Authors: LOUIS SHENKMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Ten cases of triiodothyronine (T3) toxicosis have been identified in patients with prior histories of hyperthyroidism. In each case the recurrence came after a euthyroid interval of from 4 months to 30 years. Recurrence in all patients was characterized by normal serum concentrations of total and free thyroxine but significantly increased levels of total and free T3. Total T3 concentrations ranged from 210 to 2000 ng/100 ml (normal, 96 to 172 ng/100 ml), and free T3 levels varied from 0.5 to 4.0 ng/100 ml (normal, 0.1 to 0.4 ng/100 ml). The possibility of T3 toxicosis must be considered in patients whose clinical picture suggests a recurrence of their hyperthyroidism but in whom serum thyroxine levels are normal. Newly discovered methods for measurement of T3 should permit more frequent identification of this syndrome.
Mast cell maturation is driven via a group III phospholipase A2-prostaglandin D2–DP1 receptor paracrine axis
Authors: Yoshitaka Taketomi, Noriko Ueno, Takumi Kojima, Hiroyasu Sato, Remi Murase, Kei Yamamoto, Satoshi Tanaka, Mariko Sakanaka, Masanori Nakamura, Yasumasa Nishito, Momoko Kawana, Naotomo Kambe, Kazutaka Ikeda, Ryo Taguchi, Satoshi Nakamizo, Kenji Kabashima, Michael H Gelb, Makoto Arita, Takehiko Yokomizo, Motonao Nakamura, Kikuko Watanabe, Hiroyuki Hirai, Masataka Nakamura, Yoshimichi Okayama, Chisei Ra, Kosuke Aritake, Yoshihiro Urade, Kazushi Morimoto, Yukihiko Sugimoto, Takao Shimizu, Shuh Narumiya, Shuntaro Hara, Makoto Murakami
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Why doctors don't read research papers
Authors: Kevin Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—The responses to my article are interesting.1 I had not intended to imply that doctors do not read medical papers because they are ignorant or lazy. I have come across a few of both in my career, but in my experience they are a minority. I was trying to make two points within 400 words and, I think, made neither very succinctly.

Ide elaborates on the first point. I believe that the style required by scientific editors is slightly dishonest. Most researchers are not disinterested observers. They have a point of view that is valid and interesting but personal. It is disingenous for editors to require the impersonal style. It would be more honest to substitute “we did this” for “this was done” and to ask authors to be explicit about their own beliefs on the subject.

The second is a point about statistical analysis. I am not mathematically illiterate. I believe that most statistical analysis could be explained comparatively simply in terms that the averagely numerically literate person could understand, while at the same time identifying those statistical arguments that are not obvious.

How many authors of papers, or editors, could explain when an odds ratio approximates to a relative risk in a case-control study, and why? The assumption that readers should understand these matters, or should not prescribe prescription only medicines, is simplistic and slightly patronising. I have studied a lot of mathematics. The area I continue to find most difficult to understand intuitively is statistics. In many papers, the line of argument runs reasonably succinctly until the statistical analysis, at which point it runs into the thickets of obscurity. It is not reasonable to expect practitioners of medicine, which is an extremely complex and busy discipline within the NHS, to have the same grasp of the nuances of statistical argument as a fulltime researcher or a mathematician.

Most doctors want to practise competently. To do this they read editorials or commentaries and not original papers. They do this because the style required of original papers is disingenuous and opaque. I think this could be changed.
Partial interferon-gamma receptor 1 deficiency in a child with tuberculoid bacillus Calmette-Guérin infection and a sibling with clinical tuberculosis.
Authors: E Jouanguy, S Lamhamedi-Cherradi, F Altare, M C Fondanèche, D Tuerlinckx, S Blanche, J F Emile, J L Gaillard, R Schreiber, M Levin, A Fischer, C Hivroz, J L Casanova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Complete interferon-gamma receptor 1 (IFNgammaR1) deficiency has been identified previously as a cause of fatal bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection with lepromatoid granulomas, and of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in children who had not been inoculated with BCG. We report here a kindred with partial IFNgammaR1 deficiency: one child afflicted by disseminated BCG infection with tuberculoid granulomas, and a sibling, who had not been inoculated previously with BCG, with clinical tuberculosis. Both responded to antimicrobials and are currently well without prophylactic therapy. Impaired response to IFN-gamma was documented in B cells by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 nuclear translocation, in fibroblasts by cell surface HLA class II induction, and in monocytes by cell surface CD64 induction and TNF-alpha secretion. Whereas cells from healthy children responded to even low IFN-gamma concentrations (10 IU/ml), and cells from a child with complete IFNgammaR1 deficiency did not respond to even high IFN-gamma concentrations (10,000 IU/ml), cells from the two siblings did not respond to low or intermediate concentrations, yet responded to high IFN-gamma concentrations. A homozygous missense IFNgR1 mutation was identified, and its pathogenic role was ascertained by molecular complementation. Thus, whereas complete IFNgammaR1 deficiency in previously identified kindreds caused fatal lepromatoid BCG infection and disseminated NTM infection, partial IFNgammaR1 deficiency in this kindred caused curable tuberculoid BCG infection and clinical tuberculosis.
Proximity-based assays for the detection of activated HER3, HER2/HER3 heterodimers and HER3/PI3K complexes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell line controls and tumors.
Authors: A Mukherjee, Y Badal, X Nguyen, J Miller, S Pidaparthi, L Chen, A Newton, J Cheung, G Parry, S Williams
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4040 Although kinase-defective, the role of the HER3 receptor in driving tumor growth through dimerization with other HER family members is well recognized. There is increasing interest in developing therapeutic strategies to interfere with signaling through this receptor, either directly or indirectly. At the same time, there is recognition that the activation of HER3 could be an important biomarker of drug response and resistance. In particular the HER2/HER3 heterodimer has been extensively studied and, among all the possible homo and heterodimers formed by HER receptors, is considered the most mitogenic because of the ability of HER3 to effectively couple to the pro-survival PI3K/Akt pathway.&amp;#x2028; Using the VeraTag™ technology, we have developed a suite of assays designed to detect quantitatively the activation status of the HER3 receptor by measuring HER3-specific phosphorylation and formation of HER3 signaling complexes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell line controls and tissue samples.These assays are dual antibody-based and measure complexes of proteins in close association since signal is generated only when the antibodies are bound to target-specific epitope sites proximal to one another. A capillary electrophoresis instrument equipped with laser-induced fluorescence provides a highly sensitive and quantitative read-out of the assay. We report data on assays which detect a ligand-induced, 2-5-fold change in HER2/HER3 heterodimer formation, a 10-20 fold change in phosphorylated HER3 signal and as high as a 10 fold change in HER3/PI3K complex formation in a series of cell line controls, spanning a wide range of HER2 and HER3 receptor levels. FFPE data were verified with results from co-immunoprecipitation using antibodies identical to those used in the VeraTag assay. The influence of the HER2 and HER3 levels on the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers and correlation with HER3 phosphorylation and formation of the PI3K adaptor complex will be discussed.&amp;#x2028; In addition, we have used these assays to landscape HER3 activation in a number of tissues, including breast and ovarian tumors, focusing particularly on HER2 positive breast cancer, where the HER2/HER3 heterodimer is thought to play a particularly significant role. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4040.
910 A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED STUDY OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A VERSUS ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL IN TREATING LAMIVUDINE- RESISTANT HBeAg-POSITIVE CHB
Authors: J. Hou, J. Sun, Q. Xie, X. Li, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Wang, Y.L. Jak, S. Chen, J. Jia, J. Sheng, H. Chan, J. Wang, M. Li, M. Jiang, M. Popescu, J. Sung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)