tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Damage to DNA in cervical epithelium related to smoking tobacco.
Authors: A M Simons, D H Phillips, D V Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether tobacco smoking causes increased DNA modification (adducts) in human cervical epithelium. DESIGN--Comparison of DNA adducts measured by the technique of postlabelling with phosphorus-32 in normal ectocervical epithelium of smokers and non-smokers. A questionnaire on smoking habit and a urinary cotinine assay were used to identify smokers and non-smokers. SETTING--Cytology unit in large teaching hospital. SUBJECTS--39 women (11 current smokers, seven former smokers, and 21 who had never smoked) undergoing gynaecological treatment (colposcopy or hysterectomy). Nineteen members of staff who did not smoke as controls. INTERVENTIONS--Biopsy of normal ectocervical epithelium. Urine sample. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Measurement of DNA adducts in cervical epithelial tissue of smokers and non-smokers. Smoking habit derived from results of questionnaire and urinary cotinine:creatinine ratio. Proportion of adducts in women with abnormal and normal results of cervical smear test. RESULTS--DNA samples from smokers (identified from questionnaire) had significantly higher median proportions of DNA adducts that non-smokers (4.62 (95% confidence interval 4.04 to 7.74) v 3.47 (2.84 to 4.78) adducts/10(8) nucleotides; p = 0.048). Exclusion of women whose urinary cotinine:creatinine ratio did not confirm their self reported smoking habit (smoker or non-smoker) increased this difference (4.7 (3.85 to 8.08) v 3.52 (2.32 to 4.95) adducts/10(8) nucleotides; p = 0.03). Women who had abnormal results of cervical smear tests had significantly higher proportions of adducts than those with normal results (4.7 (3.90 to 8.13) v 3.47 (3.06 to 5.36) adducts/10(8) nucleotides; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS--Tobacco smoking by women leads to increased modification of DNA in cervical epithelium, suggesting biochemical evidence consistent with smoking as a cause of cervical cancer.
Capacity of human subjects to utilize keto analogues of valine and phenylalanine
Authors: Daniel Rudman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Three adult human subjects were maintained for 7 days (period I) on a protein-free formula diet containing the minimum daily requirements of the eight essential amino acids plus 40 g glycine. During the last 5 days of this period, the average daily nitrogen balances for the three subjects were +0.52, +0.71, and +0.30 g, respectively. During the next 7 days (period II), valine was withdrawn from the diet, and the glycine ration increased by an equimolar amount. During the last 5 days of period II, average daily nitrogen balances declined to -1.82, -1.61, and -1.87 g, respectively. In the final period of 7 days (period III), the keto analogue of valine, alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, was added to the diet in a quantity equimolar to the minimum daily requirement of valine. During the last 5 days of this period, average daily nitrogen balances improved to -0.02, -0.18, and -0.83 g, respectively. Analogous experiments in three subjects involved the withdrawal from the diet of phenylalanine (period II) and replacement by its keto analogue, phenylpyruvic acid (period III). The average daily nitrogen balances were as follows: period I: +1.04, +0.96, and +0.53 g; period II: -1.45, -1.83, and -1.94 g; period III: +0.07, +0.11, and -0.52 g. The data demonstrate that man can convert alpha-ketoisovaleric acid and phenylpyruvic acid to the corresponding essential amino acids, valine and phenylalanine. The efficiency of these conversions is considerably less than 100%.
Ultrasonography-Guided Identification With Methylene Blue Tattooing of the Ilioinguinal Nerve for Neurectomy for Chronic Pain
Authors: Andrew Curtiss Eppstein, Imtiaz A. Munshi, Bryan Sakamoto, Kenneth Gwirtz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

excretion rates were measured as previously described. 4 The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee, and patients provided written informed consent.The effects of LAGB surgery were assessed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests for paired samples.The Spearman rank correlation test and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis (using log-transformed data) were performed to assess variables associated with urinary 11-dehydro-TXB 2 excretion rates.Two-sided P values of less than .05were considered to be statistically significant.
Treatment of chronic paronychia.
Authors: H R Vickers
Journal: BMJ (1979)

ment.We do not agree.Surely it is better to recognise the importance of obstetric anaes- thetic services and improve the services where they are inadequate.Currently the recruitment of doctors into anaesthesia is excellent and the opportunity exists.Unfortunately, medical administrators seeking to save money might misuse the views of Professor Hibbard and his colleagues and block the improvements that are necessary.This is the true importance of the argument.
Gemfibrozil Therapy in Primary Hypertriglyceridemia Associated With Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Gloria Lena Vega
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Certain primary hypertriglyceridemias cause abnormalities in lipoproteins that seemingly predispose patients to coronary heart disease. We examined metabolism of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in 11 men with both hypertriglyceridemia and coronary heart disease and compared them with that of controls. The LDL turnover was measured during placebo and gemfibrozil therapy. With placebo, LDL-cholesterol level usually was normal, but production and fractional clearance of LDL were high. The LDL composition also was abnormal. Gemfibrozil reduced triglycerides, lowered production and fractional clearance of LDL, and normalized LDL composition. The LDL-cholesterol level usually rose, but generally not to abnormally high levels. Therefore, normalization of LDL metabolism and marked reduction of triglycerides by gemfibrozil suggest benefit to hypertriglyceridemic patients who are at high risk for coronary heart disease. However, when LDL-cholesterol level rises excessively, gemfibrozil may not be sufficient therapy.
[54] PEGINTERFERON-ALPHA-2a PLUS ADEFOVIR VS. PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2a FOR 48 WEEKS IN HBeAg-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: PRELIMINARY 24-WEEK RESULTS OF THE PEG FOR B RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER TRIAL
Authors: P. Piccolo, I. Lend, D. Di Paolo, C. Telesca, L. DeMelia, O. Sorbello, F. Bandiera, M.R. Piras, G. Antonucci, F. lacomi, L. Nosotti, T. Mari, A. DeSantis, F. Cristofari, M.L. Ponti, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Blocking TNF-α in mice reduces colorectal carcinogenesis associated with chronic colitis
Authors: Boryana K. Popivanova, Kazuya Kitamura, Yu Wu, Toshikazu Kondo, Takashi Kagaya, Shiuchi Kaneko, Masanobu Oshima, Chifumi Fujii, Naofumi Mukaida
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently progresses to colon cancer. To understand the mechanisms by which UC patients develop colon carcinomas, we used a mouse model of the disease whereby administration of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by repeated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) ingestion causes severe colonic inflammation and the subsequent development of multiple tumors. We found that treating WT mice with AOM and DSS increased TNF-alpha expression and the number of infiltrating leukocytes expressing its major receptor, p55 (TNF-Rp55), in the lamina propria and submucosal regions of the colon. This was followed by the development of multiple colonic tumors. Mice lacking TNF-Rp55 and treated with AOM and DSS showed reduced mucosal damage, reduced infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, and attenuated subsequent tumor formation. WT mice transplanted with TNF-Rp55-deficient bone marrow also developed significantly fewer tumors after AOM and DSS treatment than either WT mice or TNF-Rp55-deficient mice transplanted with WT bone marrow. Furthermore, administration of etanercept, a specific antagonist of TNF-alpha, to WT mice after treatment with AOM and DSS markedly reduced the number and size of tumors and reduced colonic infiltration by neutrophils and macrophages. These observations identify TNF-alpha as a crucial mediator of the initiation and progression of colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis and suggest that targeting TNF-alpha may be useful in treating colon cancer in individuals with UC.
On the Treatment of Puerperal Eclampsia Occurring During Pregnancy, and Presenting no Signs of Labour
Authors: J. G. Swayne
Journal: BMJ (1896)

cases from that of an orange to that of a four months' preg- nant uterus.In three of the four cases the uterus had to be diminished in size before it could be removed through the aperture in the vaginal vault.In the larger tumours neither the dimensions nor the weight could be accurately ascertained after operation on account of the mutilation which was necessary.All the tumours were specimens of intra- mural fibroid, but in Cases i and iII they had developed more towards the uterine cavity, while in Cases ii an) iv they bulged out the peritoneal aspect of the uterus.The cases practically divide themselves into two classes:(i) Intramural fibroid of moderate size, witlh a considerable amount of its periphery in contact with the lining membrane of the uterus, causing excessive haemorrhage.(2) Intramural fibroid developing towards the outer surface of the uterus, and more or less incarcerated, causing distress from pressure on pelvic tissues and organs.REMARKS.A few years ago the only method of dealing with such growths, apart from 'palliative treatment, was by oopho- rectomy.With the improvement in the technique of vaginal hysterectomy, this latter method now presents itself, as an alternative to oophorectomy, and it was between these two operations that I had to make my choice.In comparing these operations, the first question we have to ask concerning each is, What is the chance of immediate death ?The mortality of oophorectomy for fibroid is variously estimated at from 2 to io per cent.The latest statistics I can find are contained in an article by Hermes, in the Archivf.Gynak.vol.xlviii, part I:
Clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt created with covered stents with different diameters: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oliviero Riggio, Lorenzo Ridola, Stefania Angeloni, Federica Cerini, Chiara Pasquale, Adolfo Francesco Attili, Fabrizio Fanelli, Manuela Merli, Filippo Maria Salvatori
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Pleiotropic Effect of Cerivastatin
Authors: Leszek Kalinowski, Lawrence W. Dobrucki, Viktor Brovkovych, Tadeusz Malinski
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Although statins preserve endothelial function by reducing serum cholesterol levels, it has been suggested they may also stimulate nitric oxide (NO) synthase in endothelium with concurrent increase in superoxide (O 2 − ) generation, leading to impairment of NO activity. Therefore, measurements of biologically active NO and O 2 − in endothelium after exposure to the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor cerivastatin were undertaken to evaluate its potential effect on NO biological activity. Methods and Results — Highly sensitive electrochemical NO and O 2 − microsensors were placed near the surface of a single human umbilical vein endothelial cell, and the kinetics of NO and O 2 − release were recorded in vitro. Cerivastatin demonstrated a time-dependent effect on NO release in endothelial cells. The initial release (approximately the first 3 minutes) was concentration-dependent (0.01 to 10 μmol/L) and was similar to that observed for typical NO synthase agonists calcium ionophore or acetylcholine. Cerivastatin stimulated NO release at a favorable rate and scavenged O 2 − , which led to the preservation of the active concentration of NO. The sustained effect (after ≈6 hours) of cerivastatin on endothelium was associated with an ≈35% increase in NO release as compared with the initial effect. In contrast to the initial effect, the sustained effect of cerivastatin was shown at concentrations ≈100-fold lower and was dependent on inhibition of endothelial HMG-CoA reductase. Conclusions — These data provide direct evidence to prove that in the presence of cerivastatin, the NOS system in endothelium operates with high efficiency toward increasing NO activity by activation of NO release and by concurrent inactivation of O 2 − .
Buccal Smear Surveys for Sex Chromatin
Authors: T. S. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1963)

shown that this is related to the length of time which elapses between the start of the anaesthesia and the delivery of the baby.The high incidence of asphyxia in Mr. Huntingford's cases is presumably due to the long delay before the babies were delivered.(Just under half an hour in those cases receiving ether and about a quarter of an hour using the more rapid cyclo- propane and thiopentone techniques.)When general anaesthesia is employed it is important to reduce this delay to a minimum compatible with safety, if neonatal asphyxia is to be avoided.Transvaginal pudendal block2 is an extremely useful technique for many operative vaginal deliveries.The difficult forceps delivery, however, still calls for general anaesthesia.Provided this is skilfully given and delivery is not delayed, there should be no undue increase in neonatal asphyxia or in perinatal mortality.-I am, etc., St. Luke's Hospital,
The telephone in general practice
Authors: L. D Naismith
Journal: BMJ (1978)

screening for amoebiasis in patients from endemic areas who may require systemic therapy with corticosteroids.The difficulties in screening such patients, especially those who are asymptomatic, have been emphasised recently.'This man's serology was positive for E histolytica just four days after the onset of symptoms of perforation, implying an immune response which antedated the acute event.We therefore suggest that screening of both faeces and blood-for evidence of amoebiasis is desirable in this group of patients.
HEMATOMA OF RECTUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE
Authors: J. N. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —The report by Culbertson (The Journal, Dec. 19, 1925), of cases of hematoma occurring spontaneously in the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, leads me to report briefly the following series. The cases differ from Culbertson's in that suppuration occurred in every instance. I reported on these cases orally to the Denver Clinical and Pathological Society shortly after their occurrence, and they were referred to by Ingraham in his discussion of Culbertson's paper.  The seven cases, in two of which a double lesion was noted, all occurred in inmates of army hospitals in the southwest quarter of the United States, during the months of the prevalence of the great influenza epidemic. In every instance the patient had been very ill, with cough of extreme severity, and in practically all a diagnosis of influenzal bronchopneumonia had been made. A rounded swelling the size and shape of the larger
Aspirin “resistance” and risk of cardiovascular morbidity: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: George Krasopoulos, Stephanie J Brister, W Scott Beattie, Michael R Buchanan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if there is a relation between aspirin “resistance” and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data source</b> Electronic literature search without language restrictions of four databases and hand search of bibliographies for other relevant articles. <b>Review methods</b> Inclusion criteria included a test for platelet responsiveness and clinical outcomes. Aspirin resistance was assessed, using a variety of platelet function assays. <b>Results</b> 20 studies totalling 2930 patients with cardiovascular disease were identified. Most studies used aspirin regimens, ranging from 75-325 mg daily, and six studies included adjunct antiplatelet therapy. Compliance was confirmed directly in 14 studies and by telephone or interviews in three. Information was insufficient to assess compliance in three studies. Overall, 810 patients (28%) were classified as aspirin resistant. A cardiovascular related event occurred in 41% of patients (odds ratio 3.85, 95% confidence interval 3.08 to 4.80), death in 5.7% (5.99, 2.28 to 15.72), and an acute coronary syndrome in 39.4% (4.06, 2.96 to 5.56). Aspirin resistant patients did not benefit from other antiplatelet treatment. <b>Conclusion</b> Patients who are resistant to aspirin are at a greater risk of clinically important cardiovascular morbidity long term than patients who are sensitive to aspirin.
Changes to India's patent law may deny cheap drugs to millions
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Changes to India's patent law may deny cheap drugs to millions Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Cardiology: Cardiac Surgery and the Conduction System
Authors: Charles J. Mullany
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 June 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Cardiology: Cardiac Surgery and the Conduction SystemCharles J. Mullany, MDCharles J. Mullany, MDMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Cardiac Surgery and the Conduction SystemSecond revised edition. Saroja Bharati, Maurice Lev, and John W. Kirklin. 159 pages. Mount Kisco, New York: Futura Publishing Company; 1992. $75.00.Many cardiology and cardiac surgical textbooks discuss, to some degree, the nuances of cardiac anatomy and the conduction system. This book, however, is the first unifying text describing in detail the conduction system of both the normal and abnormal heart.The conduction system is at risk in most cardiac surgical procedures, particularly in those involving complex intracardiac repairs. For the cardiac surgeon, the anatomy of the conduction system is at times difficult to comprehend. Fortunately, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 12Page: 991KeywordsCardiac surgeryHeartPathologistsSurgeons Issue Published: 15 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Healing Power Found in “Nano Knitting”
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sleep and Barbiturates: some Experiments and Observations
Authors: J. I. Evans, S. A. Lewis, I. A. M. Gibb, M. Cheetham
Journal: BMJ (1968)

To determine the effect of barbiturates on sleep two subjects, after a control period, received 200 mg. of sodium amylobarbitone for 26 nights. All night sleep records taken during this period showed that the barbiturate shortened the delay to sleep, increased the total sleep period, lengthened the delay to rapid eye movement (R.E.M.) sleep, and depressed R.E.M. sleep. After five nights R.E.M. sleep returned to baseline values —that is, showed tolerance. On stopping the drug withdrawal phenomena were seen, even to this small dose of the drug. In a second experiment a subject dependent on 600 mg. of Tuinal was found to have low normal R.E.M. sleep while on drugs. On withdrawal, delay to sleep increased and total sleep time fell. R.E.M. sleep was doubled and the delay to R.E.M. became abnormally short. These findings suggest that hypnotics allow sleep to be “borrowed,” and that patients should be supported while they are being withdrawn.
A letter to me at 23
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Dear me

Stop being so angry, understand that you can get fat, and cut your hair now! Stop obsessing about the Beatles, for there is great music to come. Also, your parents were right about everything, and your own children will take a sledgehammer to your life. You won’t emigrate to Australia, tiring of burnt outdoor food, fizzy bland beer, and the tedium of sunshine. Instead you will pine for rain, pubs, complaining, sarcasm, and—most of all—family. Remember that money can’t make you happy but …
PRELIMINARY REPORT OF WORK ON CLOTCULTURE
Authors: LOYAL A. SHOUDY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

After reading the work done by Gaffky, Durham, Gruber and others with the Bacillus typhosus , noting the dilutions to a greater or less degree, for the purpose of lessening the inhibitive power of the serum, the idea came to me that the blood-clot was the essential part in the growing of organisms from the blood. Accordingly after doing the Widal agglutination test in a case that was not a clear enteric, I was prompted, after the removal of the serum from the Widal tube, to put the small remaining clot in a tube of bouillon. This I incubated for twelve hours and then examined by means of the hanging drop. I noted many organisms morphologically characteristic of the Bacillus typhosus . From this tube I inoculated a tube of litmus milk, one of agar slant, one of potato and a stab of glucose agar and incubated over night. On examination the
The New Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book by and for Women
Authors: Charlea T. Massion
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Granddaughter of the original<i>Our Bodies, Ourselves</i>and daughter of the 1984 edition, weighing in at 3 lb 13 oz, the 1992<i>New Our Bodies, Ourselves (OBOS)</i>is a motherlode of information and resources for the client/consumer and the physician. While the consumer can both learn detailed information on health topics and be coached in developing an assertive and responsible attitude toward her own health, the physician can better understand the social, political, and cultural context of women's health and also hear women's voices, woven through the text, describing their own experiences with health problems and the medical profession. Most physicians may need to brace themselves for repeated criticism of our current medical system. The 1992<i>OBOS</i>has seven major sections. "Taking Care of Ourselves" includes body image, food, alcohol, mood-altering drugs and smoking, exercise, holistic health systems, psychotherapy, environmental and occupational health, and violence against women. "Relationships and Sexuality"