tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: The Riddle of Typhoid Immunization.
Authors: Theodore E. Woodward
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: The Riddle of Typhoid Immunization.Theodore E. Woodward, M.D., F.A.C.P.Theodore E. Woodward, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-776_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAvailable inactivated vaccines for the salmonelloses and other bacterial diseases are limited in degree and duration of effectiveness and in their ability to prevent the toxic effects (antitoxic immunity) of the microbe. The cholera vibrio attaches to the ciliated intestinal epithelium, and its toxin causes excessive influx of body fluids into the intestinal lumen. A toxoided preparation of the exotoxin prevents diarrhea in animals. Biologic considerations in typhoid fever differ.Once typhoid bacilli pass the intestinal barrier, active disease occurs regardless of the presence of flagellar, somatic, or Vi antibodies. Although repeated and large doses ofSalmonella typhosaendotoxin produces... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Theodore E. Woodward, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 776-776KeywordsDiarrheaEndotoxinsEpitheliumExotoxinsImmunitySalmonellaToxinsTyphoidVaccinesVibrio ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Endoscopic Removal of Recurrent Duodenal Hamartoma
Authors: T. Tsujimura, K. Arai, M. Tanaka, T. Akeyama, K. Kawano
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: A Large Brunner's Gland Adenoma removed by Endoscopic PolypectomyEndoscopy 1990; 22(04): 192-193DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012840
Subgroup and Resistance Analyses of Raltegravir for Resistant HIV-1 Infection
Authors: David A. Cooper, Roy T. Steigbigel, Jose M. Gatell, Jurgen K. Rockstroh, Christine Katlama, Patrick Yeni, Adriano Lazzarin, Bonaventura Clotet, Princy N. Kumar, Joseph E. Eron, Mauro Schechter, Martin Markowitz, Mona R. Loutfy, Jeffrey L. Lennox, Jing Zhao, Joshua Chen, Desmond M. Ryan, Rand R. Rhodes, John A. Killar, Lucinda R. Gilde, Kim M. Strohmaier, Anne R. Meibohm, Michael D. Miller, Daria J. Hazuda, Michael L. Nessly, Mark J. DiNubile, Robin D. Isaacs, Hedy Teppler, Bach-Yen Nguyen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

We evaluated the efficacy of raltegravir and the development of viral resistance in two identical trials involving patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with triple-class drug resistance and in whom antiretroviral therapy had failed.
Long-term Study Evidence Accumulating, but Radial Keratotomy Controversy Continues
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE LONG-TERM research evidence concerning radial keratotomy—the ocular surgical procedure for correcting myopia by the use of four, six, or eight radial incisions in the cornea—continues to come in, but that information is unlikely to quell the debate and controversy surrounding the procedure. According to George O. Waring, III, MD, FACS, the director of the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) study, the new evidence is both good and bad news.  Three-year follow-up results from the PERK study, announced at the most recent annual meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, in New Orleans, found very few potentially blinding complications (1%); but it also found that it is still difficult to predict how much visual correction will be achieved after the surgery ( Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105:37-39, 42-51, 86-92). The followup looked at 410 patients from nine major eye centers.  The one-year PERK results had indicated that radial keratotomy did diminish myopia (the
Abstract 4878: Bioactive dietary supplements reactivate ER expression in ER-negative breast cancer cells by epigenetic mechanisms involving active chromatin modification
Authors: Syed M. Meeran, Yuanyuan Li, Amiya Ahmed, Trygve O. Tollefsbol
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. One of the important classifications of breast tumors is based on the presence or absence of the estrogen receptor (ER). While the majority of breast cancers are ER-positive, approximately 30% are ER-negative. Patients with ER-positive breast cancer receive hormonal therapy using either tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors, and have a better prognosis. However, treatment of patients with ER-negative tumor is challenging due to the poor response to hormonal therapies in the absence ER expression. Many studies have demonstrated the chemopreventive properties of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and sulforaphane (SFN) through inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, respectively. In the present study, we have observed that GTPs and SFN dose-dependently inhibit the cellular proliferation in both ER-positive and ER-negative human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. Treatment of ER-negative breast cancer cells with GTPs and SFN alone or in combination leads to the reactivation of ER mRNA expression. The combination of 20 µg/mL GTPs and 5 µM SFN was found to be the optimal dose of ER reactivation at 3 days in MDA-MB-231 cells. The reactivation of ER expression was consistently correlated with ER promoter hypomethylation and hyperacetylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of the ER promoter revealed that GTPs and SFN decreased the level of dimethyl H3K9, but increased the acetylation by increasing the level of acetyl H3, acetyl H4 and acetyl H3K9. In addition, a combination of GTPs and SFN significantly inhibited DNMT and HDAC activity, which might have an important role in the reactivation of ER expression in MDA-MB-231 cells. The combination of GTPs- and SFN-mediated inhibition of DNMT activity and increase of acetylation underscores the importance of DNMTs and HDACs in maintaining the repressive environment at target genes such as ER. In addition, treatment with tamoxifen in combination with GTPs and SFN significantly increased both cell death and inhibition of cellular proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells in comparison to treatment with tamoxifen alone. Collectively, our findings suggest that HDAC inhibitors combined with demethylating agents are a promising strategy for the epigenetic reactivation of ER expression for the effective treatment of ER-negative breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4878.
Lymphoma monocyte crosstalk via HSP27 to promote immune suppression and chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Zhe Zhang, Peggy Bulur, Michael Gustafson, Dennis Gastineau, Allan Dietz, Yi Lin
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Immune editing is a major mechanism used by tumors to promote its survival. We have reported previously the presence of a novel phenotype of immunosuppressive monocytes (CD14+HLA-DRlow/neg) in a number of cancers. Increased presence of these cells was associated with decreased
Radiation and Human Health
Authors: Victor E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This remarkable and important book enables any intelligent person with a high school education to understand the complexities involved in assessing the risks to man from low levels of ionizing radiation. Gofman not only demonstrates his mastery of this complex subject but carefully explains the basic concepts of epidemiology, genetics, birth defects, carcinogenesis, radiobiology, physics, chemistry, and even mathematics, which are necessary to an understanding of the subject. This material is made interesting by frequent references to radiation applications. Gofman uses a rational and innovative model to calculate the risk of induced cancer for each year after exposure to ionizing radiation. Using a number of assumptions and estimates that are clearly identified as such, Gofman calculates the risk of cancer, birth defects, and genetic hazards from the various types and sources of ionizing radiation. His calculations are sufficiently clear so that if the reader disagrees with Gofman's assumptions or estimates,
Recognition and Management Of Airway Obstruction
Authors: Peter Safar
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Berry's statement, "the use of tracheal tubes for more than a few hours is to be condemned," is contrary to many years of world-wide experience with prolonged tracheal intubation and a decrease in the use of early tracheotomy. Both techniques may result in life-threating complications. Most physicians who are experienced in respiratory intensive care have seen more serious complications from tracheotomy than from the placement of endotracheal tubes up to about one week. This is particularly the case in small children and infants. Our present feeling is that early tracheotomy is rarely needed and is dangerous unless performed under controlled conditions in the well-oxygenated patient; and that a switch from endotracheal tube to tracheostomy tube be considered after about 72 hours when the likelihood of causing laryngotracheal damage increases. With ideal technique and care, including maximal humidification, aseptic and atraumatic suction, and cuff inflation only to
Psychological Reactions to Terrorist Attacks
Authors: William E. Schlenger, Juesta M. Caddell, Lori Ebert, B. Kathleen Jordan, Kathryn M. Rourke, David Wilson, Lisa Thalji, J. Michael Dennis, John A. Fairbank, Richard A. Kulka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextThe terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, represent an unprecedented exposure to trauma in the United States.ObjectivesTo assess psychological symptom levels in the United States following the events of September 11 and to examine the association between postattack symptoms and a variety of indices of exposure to the events.DesignWeb-based epidemiological survey of a nationally representative cross-sectional sample using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist and the Brief Symptom Inventory, administered 1 to 2 months following the attacks.Setting and ParticipantsSample of 2273 adults, including oversamples of the New York, NY, and Washington, DC, metropolitan areas.Main Outcome MeasuresSelf-reports of the symptoms of PTSD and of clinically significant nonspecific psychological distress; adult reports of symptoms of distress among children living in their households.ResultsThe prevalence of probable PTSD was significantly higher in the New York City metropolitan area (11.2%) than in Washington, DC (2.7%), other major metropolitan areas (3.6%), and the rest of the country (4.0%). A broader measure of clinically significant psychological distress suggests that overall distress levels across the country, however, were within expected ranges for a general community sample. In multivariate models, sex, age, direct exposure to the attacks, and the amount of time spent viewing TV coverage of the attacks on September 11 and the few days afterward were associated with PTSD symptom levels; sex, the number of hours of television coverage viewed, and an index of the content of that coverage were associated with the broader distress measure. More than 60% of adults in New York City households with children reported that 1 or more children were upset by the attacks.ConclusionsOne to 2 months following the events of September 11, probable PTSD was associated with direct exposure to the terrorist attacks among adults, and the prevalence in the New York City metropolitan area was substantially higher than elsewhere in the country. However, overall distress levels in the country were within normal ranges. Further research should document the course of symptoms and recovery among adults following exposure to the events of September 11 and further specify the types and severity of distress in children.
Malignancy or Cancer?
Authors: Lloyd F. Craver
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Is malignancy cancer? If it is cancer, why not so name it? Do those who so glibly use the term imagine that they are being more highbrow, or euphemistic? There is no good reason why one should not frankly say cancer, or malignant tumor, or malignant neoplasm, or carcinoma, or sarcoma, whichever term is applicable. There is no excuse for dragging in an abstract term which applies just as well to other severe, and often fatal, diseases. Fashions in usage, of course, determine what gets into dictionaries. Unfortunately, this erroneous usage has already been noted in<i>Webster's New International Dictionary</i>(2nd ed), with the somewhat apologetic comment: "a use regarded by many medical authorities as improper."
Safety and Antiviral Activity of Albinterferon Alfa-2b Dosed Every Four Weeks in Genotype 2/3 Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Vincent G. Bain, Kelly D. Kaita, Paul Marotta, Eric M. Yoshida, Mark G. Swain, Robert J. Bailey, Keyur Patel, Patrick W. Cronin, Erik Pulkstenis, John G. McHutchison, G. Mani Subramanian
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
A bispecific antibody against human IgE and human Fc<i>γ</i>RII that inhibits antigen‐induced histamine release by human mast cells and basophils
Authors: S. W. Tam, S. Demissie, D. Thomas, M. Daëron
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Fc γ RIIB are low‐affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)G receptors that we previously demonstrated to negatively regulate IgE‐induced mast cell activation when coaggregated with Fc ɛ RI. Here, we engineered and characterized a bispecific reagent capable of coaggregating Fc γ RIIB with Fc ɛ RI on human mast cells and basophils. Methods: A bispecific antibody was constructed by chemically crosslinking one Fab’ fragment against human IgE and one Fab’ fragment against human Fc γ RII. This molecule was used to coaggregate Fc ɛ RI with Fc γ RII on human mast cells and basophils sensitized with human IgE antibodies, and the effect of coaggregation was examined on mediator release upon challenge with specific antigen. Results: When used under these conditions, this bispecific antibody not only failed to trigger the release of histamine by IgE‐sensitized cells, but it also prevented specific antigen from triggering histamine release. Comparable inhibitions were observed with mast cells and basophils derived in vitro from cord blood cells and with peripheral blood basophils. Conclusions: The bispecific antibody described here is the prototype of similar molecules that could be used in new therapeutic approaches of allergic diseases based on the coaggregation of activating receptors, such as Fc ɛ RI, with inhibitory receptors, such as Fc γ RIIB, that are constitutively expressed by mast cells and basophils.
Improving immunisation: coverage in a province in Papua New Guinea
Authors: T D van Zwanenberg, C. Hull
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The effect on immunisation coverage of applying guiding principles to the management of primary health care services in a province in Papua New Guinea is described. These principles were: (<i>a</i>) Each health centre should have a defined geographical area of responsibility. (<i>b</i>) Each health centre should be responsible for a defined population. (<i>c</i>) Each health centre should have defined target groups for immunisation and child health clinic enrolment. (<i>d</i>) An accurate and meaningful reporting system is essential. (<i>e</i>) Each health centre should receive regular feedback on its achievements. Immunisation coverage in the province, as judged by the proportion of children under 1 year of age receiving their second dose of triple antigen, improved from 57-67% in 1980-2 to 89-94% in 1983-4. Immunisation is the most cost effective preventive activity undertaken in child health care. The application of these guiding principles would be relevant in the United Kingdom.
Allergic disease in teenagers in relation to urban or rural residence at various stages of childhood
Authors: L Nilsson, O Castor, N‐im Kjellman, O Löfman, A Magnusson
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Higher prevalences of allergic diseases and IgE antibodies to inhalant allergens have been reported for persons living in urban areas than for persons living in rural areas.Associations between cumulative incidences of allergic diseases in 1878 children aged 13-14 years and their place of residence (urban, semiurban, or rural) from birth were assessed by questionnaire (ISAAC), in order to find out whether there is a period of increased sensitivity to external influences during the first few years of life. Family history and exposure to pets, tobacco smoke, and damp were considered in multiple regression.There was a significantly higher prevalence of allergic diseases with urban residence than with rural residence during the first 2 years of life (e.g., for bronchial asthma, relative risk (RR) for the first year 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.7). An increased risk was still found after multiple regression (RR=1.7). Semiurban residence was associated with an intermediate cumulative incidence of allergic diseases. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with asthma (RR=1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0).The findings support a period of increased susceptibility during the first years of life. Whether rural lifestyle protects against allergy or whether urban pollutants contribute to allergy has to be elucidated [corrected].
Independent Factors Associated With Mortality, Reintervention, and Achievement of Complete Repair in Children With Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Kerstin M. Amark, Tara Karamlou, Aoife O’Carroll, Cathy MacDonald, Robert M. Freedom, Shi-Joon Yoo, William G. Williams, Glen S. Van Arsdell, Christopher A. Caldarone, Brian W. McCrindle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Upper limit of vulnerability is a good estimator of shock strength associated with 90% probability of successful defibrillation in humans with transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Authors: Charles D. Swerdlow, Tom Ahern, Robert M. Kass, Scott Davie, William J. Mandel, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Doctors call for Earl Howe to be removed from role in Friends of the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Six fellows of the Royal College of Physicians (RCP) have called for health minister Earl Howe to be removed from his position as chair of the Friends of the Royal College, owing to his prominent role in helping to push through the government’s health reforms.

In a letter to RCP president Richard Thompson, the senior clinicians said that Howe was “not a fit person to fulfil this …
Employer-Sponsored Health Coverage
Authors: Robert Kuttner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Most Americans rely on their employers for health insurance. In 1997, of the 167.5 million nonelderly Americans with private health insurance, 151.7 million belonged to employer-provided health plans.1 In response to the escalating cost of health insurance coverage in the 1980s, employers began devising new strategies of cost containment. These included contracting with health plans that practiced a stringent form of managed care, substituting cheaper forms of health coverage for more expensive ones, limiting employees' choice of health plans, and shifting costs to employees in a variety of ways. These measures have stabilized health insurance costs for employers. However, they . . .
Enhancement of In Vitro Activity Against Neuroblastoma by Doxrubicin and Deferoxamine
Authors: J. Blatt, D. Huntley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

A colorimetric assay was used to compare the in vitro effects on neuro-blastoma cell viability of 3.75-60 fiM deferoxamine or 0.125-2 fiM doxoru-bicin alone with those of the two drugs in combination. For each of two human neuroblastoma cell lines (CHP 100 and CHP 126), exposure to each drug individually produced dose-related cy-totoxic effects within 3 days. When these cells were simultaneously exposed to both drugs, even at concentrations achievable in vivo, cell death was greater than what could be accounted for by either drug alone. Cytotoxicity was further potentiated to a variable extent when the cells were sequentially exposed to deferoxamine and doxoru-bicin at 24-hour intervals. Thus, this combination of drugs warrants further study. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:866–870, 1989]
The munc13-4–rab27 complex is specifically required for tethering secretory lysosomes at the plasma membrane
Authors: Edo D. Elstak, Maaike Neeft, Nadine T. Nehme, Jarno Voortman, Marc Cheung, Monireh Goodarzifard, Hans C. Gerritsen, Paul M. P. van Bergen en Henegouwen, Isabelle Callebaut, Geneviève de Saint Basile, Peter van der Sluijs
Journal: Blood (2011)
Liver Disease Associated with Secondary Syphilis
Authors: Richard V. Lee, George F. Thornton, Harold O. Conn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

JAUNDICE occurring as an unusual complication of early syphilis has been recognized for 400 years.1 Our knowledge of the liver disease associated with the secondary and early latent stages of syphilis, however, is woefully inadequate. In contrast to careful studies of liver lesions in late and congenital syphilis (fibrosis, gumma and hepar lobatum) in autopsy material, clinical and pathological descriptions of early syphilitic liver disease have been infrequent. Hahn found 80 cases of syphilitic hepatitis among 33,825 patients with early syphilis in the literature and the Johns Hopkins' case material in 1943.2 We have been able to find only six . . .
Aging: A Challenge to Science and Society, vol 1: Biology
Authors: Robert Kane
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This volume is one of three based on a 1977 conference sponsored by L'Institut de la Vie and the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. The editors have endeavored to update the reports with brief addenda describing more recent developments. Despite the inherently political nature of such gatherings, the organizers succeeded in bringing together a generally distinguished group of biologists working on problems of aging and chronic disease. The volume offers a valuable synthesis of progress in understanding mechanisms and manifestations of aging. Although one might quibble over omissions (for example, cellular receptors), the material is well organized and generally flows easily. For the most part, the author-investigators have focused on their own work, drawing on other work in the area as appropriate. Although the presentations are not extensive reviews, the areas are well summarized. Clinicians will find especially useful the papers on indices of aging by Shock and