tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short term response of patients with bronchiectasis to treatment with amoxycillin given in standard or high doses orally or by inhalation.
Authors: S L Hill, H M Morrison, D Burnett, R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The effect of three amoxycillin treatment regimens on purulent secretions of patients with bronchiectasis has been studied. On the basis of information recorded on a diary card the patients were divided into three groups, according to the usual nature of their secretions: seven who produced mucoid sputum, which occasionally became purulent; seven whose secretions were usually mucopurulent but occasionally purulent; and 19 whose secretions were persistently purulent. Treatment with capsules of amoxycillin in a dosage of 250 mg three times a day resulted in clearance of purulent secretions in patients of the mucoid group when they were treated for a clinical exacerbation. The sputum remained clear in these patients for long periods before a further exacerbation (median 6 1/2, range 1-11 months). The mucopurulent-purulent group also responded to this dosage but sputum purulence returned more rapidly (median 9, range 4-31 days). Only three of the 19 (17%) patients with persistently purulent secretions showed a macroscopic response to this dosage, whereas seven (60%) of 12 patients who received the higher dosage (3 g sachets twice a day) responded. Among the failures, some responded to nebulised amoxycillin, suggesting that higher levels of amoxycillin in secretions are required in these patients. Macroscopic clearance of purulent secretions was finally achieved in most of the patients studied. The response was not always predictable from the results of sputum culture. Clearance of secretions by antibiotics was also identified by the patients, using a diary card score. Improvements in well being and in symptoms were noticed even in the group who usually produced mucopurulent and purulent secretions even though they appeared to be clinically stable before treatment.
SOME SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE MANIA.Read in the Section on Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: JOHN W. GIVENS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The phenomena of mind are of such infinite variety and complexity that it is impossible to describe or measure them accurately. Likewise the changing conditions of the mind organs that accompany these infinitely varying and complex phenomena are so minute and complicated that they are fully known only to Omniscience. There is a wide practical difference, however, between the regular coherent mental phenomena of ordinary health and the wild, incoherent phenomena that we have labeled acute mania. And so there is a wide practical difference between the soft pulse, the clean tongue, the moist lips, the cool skin and normal temperature of ordinary health, and the quick, hard pulse, the furred tongue, the parched lips, the hot, dry skin and elevated temperature of acute mania. The mind organs are, especially the brain and the end organs of the brain which constitute, not a simple, but an exceedingly complex structure. The
Abstract 3581: Impact of Nrf2 on the development of ethyl carbamate/ butylated hydroxytoluene-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice.
Authors: Tien-Yuan Wu, Tin Oo Khor, Ka-Lung Cheung, Ah-Ng Kong
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chronic inflammation has been linked to the development of various types of cancers and has been recently recognized as the seventh hallmark of cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests that Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in protection against oxidative tissue damage and inflammation. Previous findings from ours as well as other laboratories have demonstrated that Nrf2 possesses the protection effects in the inflammation-associated carcinogenesis in preclinical models. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of Nrf2 in butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-induced pulmonary inflammation and BHT-urethane/ethyl carbamate (EC) induced two-stage lung carcinogenesis. Nrf2 deficient mice showed an increased susceptibility to BHT-induced pulmonary inflammation, whereas Nrf2 WT mice have higher antioxidant proteins level and lower pro-inflammatory markers. Although lung inflammation was slightly more severe in Nrf2KO mice as compared to their wildtype counterpart, the tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity were found to be significantly lower in Nrf2KO mice treated with EC-BHT. Tumor multiplicity was also lower in Nrf2KO mice treated with EC alone. In summary, on one hand, Nrf2 is required to dampen inflammation, but Nrf2 may be disadvantage in EC or BHT-EC mediated lung tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Tien-Yuan Wu, Tin Oo Khor, Ka-Lung Cheung, Ah-Ng Kong. Impact of Nrf2 on the development of ethyl carbamate/ butylated hydroxytoluene-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3581. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3581
The Vigorous Immune Microenvironment of Microsatellite Instable Colon Cancer Is Balanced by Multiple Counter-Inhibitory Checkpoints
Authors: Nicolas J. Llosa, Michael Cruise, Ada Tam, Elizabeth C. Wicks, Elizabeth M. Hechenbleikner, Janis M. Taube, Richard L. Blosser, Hongni Fan, Hao Wang, Brandon S. Luber, Ming Zhang, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Cynthia L. Sears, Robert A. Anders, Drew M. Pardoll, Franck Housseau
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

We examined the immune microenvironment of primary colorectal cancer using immunohistochemistry, laser capture microdissection/qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and functional analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. A subset of colorectal cancer displayed high infiltration with activated CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) as well as activated Th1 cells characterized by IFNγ production and the Th1 transcription factor TBET. Parallel analysis of tumor genotypes revealed that virtually all of the tumors with this active Th1/CTL microenvironment had defects in mismatch repair, as evidenced by microsatellite instability (MSI). Counterbalancing this active Th1/CTL microenvironment, MSI tumors selectively demonstrated highly upregulated expression of multiple immune checkpoints, including five-PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and IDO-currently being targeted clinically with inhibitors. These findings link tumor genotype with the immune microenvironment, and explain why MSI tumors are not naturally eliminated despite a hostile Th1/CTL microenvironment. They further suggest that blockade of specific checkpoints may be selectively efficacious in the MSI subset of colorectal cancer.The findings reported in this article are the first to demonstrate a link between a genetically defined subtype of cancer and its corresponding expression of immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment. The mismatch repair-defective subset of colorectal cancer selectively upregulates at least five checkpoint molecules that are targets of inhibitors currently being clinically tested.
Review: Assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms did not detect bladder outlet obstruction in men
Authors: Fitzhugh C. Pannill III
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation D’Silva KA, Dahm P, Wong CL. Does this man with lower urinary tract symptoms have bladder outlet obstruction? The Rational Clinical Examination: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312:535-42. 25096693
Immunological Tolerance in Organ Transplantation
Authors: G. J. V. NOSSAL
Journal: Circulation (1969)

A formidable array of practical problems must be solved at laboratory level before tolerance induction in organ transplantation can be considered a realistic clinical possibility. I believe it is too early for even tentative human experimentation in this field. However, the work of the last decade has shown unequivocally that even adult animals can readily be rendered tolerant of even exceedingly powerful antigens. The principle of tolerance has such great specificity and such compelling elegance when compared with present-day aids to organ transplantation that intensive effort must go into harnessing it to clinical use. It will certainly enter the clinical homograft scene within a decade, and xenografts are inconceivable in its absence.
Clinical Lecture on Ulcerative Endocarditis, or Arterial Pyaemia
Authors: S. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1882)

<b>AIM:</b> This study aimed to investigate the respiratory complaints and functional impairments in workers included in family plants with few cattle. <b>MATERIALS-METHODS:</b> One hundred fifty workers (128 female) accepted were included between October, 2011 and January, 2012. Occupational and Environmental Lung Diseases Questionnaire of Turkish Thoracic Society, pulmonary function tests, physical examinations and eosinophil counts in nasal drainage were performed on all subjects. <b>RESULTS:</b> The mean age was 47.7±14.2 years. Smoking rate was 12% (18/150). The declaration rate for both feeding cattle and gardening was 90.7% (136/150). Almost half of the subjects (73/150) noted that they were exposed to dust and fumes in barns. More than 80% of the subjects used wood, coal, hazelnut shell and gas for heating and cooking. was present in of subjects. Cough, phlegm, wheezing, chest tightness and dyspnea were 24%, 13.3%, 6%, 6% and 27.3%, respectively. The mean percentages of predicted FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC and maximal midexpiratory rate were 78.2±24.1, 74.5±24.4, 80.7±12.8 and 60.9±26.6, respectively. There were significant negative correlations between the duration of working in barns and FVC (r=-0.281, p=0.001), FEV1 (r=-0.217, p=0.008), MMFR (r=-0.168, p=0.040). Nasal eosinophils were detected in 47.3% (71/150). Heating houses had an independent effect on cough (F=3.156, p=0.048) and working years in barn had an independent effect on phlegm (F=2.034, p=0.003). Multivariate analysis did not reveal any effect. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Increased impairments in pulmonary functions by years were detected. It is necessary to improve both working place and house ventilation and to prevent the workers respiratory system.
Persistent back pain due to malignant lymphadenopathy.
Authors: P J Woll, E M Rankin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Back pain is a common problem in rheumatology clinics and has a wide differential diagnosis. Ten young patients are described with the syndrome of persistent back pain, severe enough to prevent sleep, and characteristically eased by sitting forwards, which accompanies malignant retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Spinal movements and x rays are typically normal. Repeated thorough examinations are required to detect superficial adenopathy or testicular swellings. Ultrasound scanning usually reveals the nodes, which can also be demonstrated by computed tomographic (CT) scanning. These young patients have a variety of cancers, many of which can be cured, so increased awareness of this syndrome could save lives.
Pulmonary artery pressure response to hypoxia in sleep apnea.
Authors: L Laks, B Lehrhaft, R R Grunstein, C E Sullivan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) responses to short runs of acute hypoxia at two different levels of end-tidal CO2 were measured in nine normal subjects and in 20 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In normal subjects the mean increase in Ppa in response to eucapnic hypoxia was 8 +/- 2 mm Hg (SEM) and was not different from the response to hypercapnic hypoxia (9 +/- 2 mm Hg, p > 0.2). In patients with OSA, the mean increase of Ppa was 8 +/- 1 mm Hg to eucapnic hypoxia, and the response to hypercapnic hypoxia was higher at 10 +/- 1 mm Hg (p = 0.01). Pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia was augmented (> 10 mm Hg) by hypercapnia in four of 20 patients with OSA but in none of the normal subjects. Normoxic hypercapnia alone was a weak stimulus, increasing Ppa by > 5 mm Hg in only two of nine patients with OSA studied. In conclusion, Ppa increases in both normal subjects and patients with OSA exposed to a ramp of acute isocapnic hypoxia. There were clear interindividual differences in pulmonary artery response. Hypercapnia did not produce clinical significant changes in Ppa in either group.
Thallium 201 myocardial imaging in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: H A Cohen, M G Baird, J R Rouleau, C F Fuhrmann, I K Bailey, W R Summer, H W Strauss, B Pitt
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The appearance of the right ventricular myocardium on thallium 201 myocardial perfusion images was evaluated in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension and compared to patients without pulmonary hypertension. Four groups of patients were studied: 1) eight normals, 2) five patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease and normal pulmonary artery pressures, 3) ten patients with moderate to severe pulmonary parenchymal or vascular disease and documented pulmonary hypertension and 4) eight patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension discovered during cardiac catheterization. The right ventricular free wall was visualized on the thallium 201 myocardial perfusion image in only one of eight normals (group 1) and in only one of the five patients with coronary artery disease (group 2) and measured 0.5 cm and 0.9 cm in thickness, respectively. In patients with documented pulmonary hypertension the right ventricle was visualized on low contrast thallium 201 myocardial perfusion image in all patients. The apparent right ventricular free wall thickness measured from the ungated thallium 201 myocardial perfusion images was 1.7 +/- 0.3 cm in group 3 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 cm in group 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy was detected by electrocardiography in only five of ten patients in group 3 and only one of eight patients in group 4. Thallium 201 myocardial perfusion imaging appears to be a useful technique for assessing the effects of chronic pulmonary hypertension on the right ventricular myocardium.
Homocystinuria
Authors: R. Neil Schimke
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Mainly through the screening of cases of ectopia lentis or presumed Marfan syndrome, or both, 38 cases of homocystinuria distributed in 20 families were ascertained and studied. About 5% of cases of nontraumatic ectopia lentis have homocystinuria. Ocular, skeletal, and vascular changes in homocystinuria simulate those of the Marfan syndrome, but osteoporosis and thrombosis are distinguishing features of homocystinuria. Furthermore, mental retardation and cutaneous flushing are found in homocystinuria and not in the Marfan syndrome. Elucidation of the biochemical defect in homocystinuria opens up possibilities of successful therapy.
Expression of lipoprotein lipase mRNA and secretion in macrophages isolated from human atherosclerotic aorta.
Authors: L Mattsson, H Johansson, M Ottosson, G Bondjers, O Wiklund
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA and the LPL activity were studied in macrophages (CD14 positive) from human atherosclerotic tissue. Macrophages were isolated after collagenase digestion by immunomagnetic isolation. About 90% of the cells were foam cells with oil red O positive lipid droplets. To analyze the mRNA expression, PCR with specific primers for LPL was used. Arterial macrophages were analyzed directly after isolation and the data showed low expression of LPL mRNA when compared with monocyte-derived macrophages. To induce the expression of LPL mRNA in macrophages, PMA was used. When incubating arterial macrophages with PMA for 24 h we could not detect any increase in LPL mRNA levels. Similarly, the cells secreted very small amounts of LPL even after PMA stimulation. In conclusion, these studies show a very low expression of LPL mRNA in the CD14-positive macrophage-derived foam cells isolated from human atherosclerotic tissue. These data suggest that the CD14-positive cells are a subpopulation of foam cells that express low levels of lipoprotein lipase, and the lipid content could be a major factor for downregulation of LPL. However, the cells were isolated from advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and these findings may not reflect the situation in early fatty streaks.
Indian doctors are divided over plan to allow traditional medicine practitioners to perform abortions
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s medical community has sharply divided over a proposal by the health ministry and representatives of gynaecologists and obstetricians to allow practitioners of traditional medicine and nurses to perform abortions after regulated training programmes and certification.

The health ministry has proposed amendments to India’s 43 year old Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act to extend the time limit for abortions from the current 20 weeks to 24 weeks of gestation and to expand the list of healthcare providers permitted to perform abortions.

Doctors have said that there is consensus in medical circles over the need to extend the permissible period for termination of pregnancy to 24 weeks to facilitate the abortion of foetuses with congenital disorders that are detected late. But the plan to allow practitioners with government recognised degrees in ayurveda, unani, siddha, and homeopathy, as well as …
Electrophysiologic Abnormalities in AL (Primary) Amyloidosis With Cardiac Involvement
Authors: Johann Reisinger, Simon W Dubrey, Michael Lavalley, Martha Skinner, Rodney H Falk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

Objectives. This study sought to determine the spectrum of electrophysiologic abnormalities found in patients with cardiac involvement due to AL (primary) amyloidosis and to evaluate the prognostic implications, particularly in relation to subsequent sudden death. Background. Only case reports, but no series of invasive electrophysiologic studies, exist in patients with cardiac AL. Methods. Twenty-five patients with biopsy-proven AL and cardiac involvement underwent standard invasive electrophysiologic studies. Results. The function of the sinus and the atrioventricular node was preserved in most patients, but the infra-His (HV) conduction times were usually abnormal. The mean (±SD) HV interval for the 25 patients was 79 ± 18 ms (range 50 to 110), and 23 patients (92%) had an abnormally prolonged interval (>55 ms). Marked HV prolongation (≥80 ms) occurred in 12 patients, 6 of whom had an interval ≥100 ms. Among the 23 patients who died during follow-up, HV prolongation was the sole independent predictor of sudden death by multivariate analysis (p = 0.05). Conclusions. Patients with cardiac AL are prone to disease in the His-Purkinje system. Prolongation of the HV interval is common and may not be suspected from the surface electrocardiogram in the presence of a narrow QRS complex. These patients have a high prevalence of sudden death, of which the HV interval is an independent predictor. The association of HV prolongation and sudden death is probably multifactorial, representing either a marker of severe myocardial infiltration with an increased propensity to lethal ventricular arrhythmias or electromechanical dissociation, or indicating severe conduction system disease eventually leading to complete atrioventricular block and bradycardic death.
Abstract 1969: Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase downregulates BRCA1 and RAD51 in a pathway mediated by E2F4 and p130
Authors: Denise C. Hegan, Yuhong Lu, Gregory C. Stachelek, Meredith E. Crosby, Ranjit S. Bindra, Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are in clinical trials for cancer therapy based on the role of PARP in recruitment of base excision repair (BER) factors to sites of damage. Here we show that PARP inhibition to block BER is toxic to hypoxic cancer cells, in which homology-dependent repair (HDR) is known to be down-regulated. However, we also report the unexpected finding that disruption of PARP, itself, either via chemical PARP inhibitors or siRNAs targeted to PARP-1, can inhibit HDR by suppressing expression of BRCA1 and RAD51, key factors in HDR of DNA breaks. Mechanistically, PARP inhibition was found to cause increased occupancy of the BRCA1 and RAD51 promoters by repressive E2F4/p130 complexes, a pathway prevented by expression of HPV E7, which disrupts p130 activity, or by siRNAs to knock down p130 expression. Functionally, disruption of p130 by E7 expression or by siRNA knockdown also reverses the cytotoxicity and radiosensitivity associated with PARP inhibition, suggesting that the down-regulation of BRCA1 and RAD51 is central to these effects. Direct measurement of HDR using a GFP-based assay demonstrates reduced HDR in cells treated with PARP inhibitors. This work identifies a novel mechanism by which PARP regulates DNA repair and suggests new strategies for combination cancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1969.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Physician Tells You What You Need to Know
Authors: J. Dennis Fortenberry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 September 1999Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Physician Tells You What You Need to KnowJ. Dennis Fortenberry, MD, MSJ. Dennis Fortenberry, MD, MSIndiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. (Fortenberry)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Marrs L. 341 pages. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr; 1998. $16.95. ISBN 0801860431. Order phone 800-537-5487.Field of medicine: Patient education and general medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: General readers.Purpose: To provide information for the general public about recognition, treatment, and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and to form a basis for informed patient-provider discussions of sexuality and STDs.Content: The first part of the book discusses genital anatomy, symptoms of STDs, common procedures during STD-related physical examinations, sexual communication, and safer sex. The second part is an encyclopedia that describes the incidence, cause, symptoms, and treatment of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. (Fortenberry) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 September 1999Volume 131, Issue 6Page: 480KeywordsAdolescentsGenital anatomyHealth information technologyInternetLiteracySexually transmitted diseasesSoftware tools ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 September 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...