tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Terbinafine in the treatment of onychomycosis: a review of its efficacy in high-risk populations and in patients with nondermatophyte infections
Authors: B.J. Cribier, R. Bakshi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background The prevalence of onychomycosis is higher in certain high-risk populations, such as the immunocompromised, diabetics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. These patients can also develop onychomycosis due to nondermatophyte fungi. Although the efficacy of terbinafine is well demonstrated in the treatment of conventional dermatophyte nail infection, there are few data on the efficacy of terbinafine in high-risk patient groups or in nondermatophyte fungi, which can be difficult to treat. Objectives To review previously published data regarding the safety and efficacy of terbinafine in special patient populations, such as those with diabetes mellitus or HIV infection, those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, and patients with onychomycosis due to nondermatophyte fungi. Methods A Medline literature search up to October 2002 was performed in order to identify relevant studies. Pertinent abstracts presented at international meetings were also included. Cure rates (per-protocol and intention-to-treat) were extracted or calculated. All available safety data were also collated. Results Terbinafine was highly effective and well tolerated in patients with diabetes mellitus. Mycological cure rates of 62–78% were achieved in three studies, which is comparable with the efficacy in nondiabetic populations. Mycological cure rates of 64–91% were achieved in subsets of diabetic patients with Candida-positive nail cultures. The efficacy of terbinafine in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy was also similar to that reported in immunocompetent patients. Levels of ciclosporin in the blood clearly decreased, with little clinical consequence; however, consideration should be given to the monitoring of ciclosporin levels in patients concomitantly receiving immunosuppressive therapy and terbinafine. Two small studies reported that terbinafine was also effective in treating onychomycosis in HIV-positive patients. Terbinafine was also effective and well tolerated in the treatment of nondermatophyte onychomycosis. Conclusions This review suggests that terbinafine is a safe and effective treatment for onychomycosis in high-risk populations. However, the majority of these studies only included small numbers of patients and larger clinical trials are needed, especially in patients with HIV infection.
AUTOSENSITIZATION IN VITRO
Authors: Irun R. Cohen, Amiela Globerson, Michael Feldman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Autosensitization of rat or mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic fibroblast antigens was induced in cell culture. Rat lymphoid cells autosensitized by this method were able to produce immunospecific lysis of syngeneic target fibroblasts in vitro or GvH reactions in newborn rats. Autosensitized mouse spleen cells mediated similar GvH reactions when injected into newborn mice. The nature of the system used to induce immunity in vitro appears to argue against the possibility that lymphocytes capable of reacting against self-antigens could arise by mutation in cell culture. Hence, it is likely that cells potentially reactive against self-antigens preexisted in the lymphoid cell donors. The ability of autosensitized cells to mediate immune reactions in vivo suggests that the immunogenic self-antigens present on sensitizing fibroblasts also were accessible in the intact animals. Loss of natural self-tolerance in vitro, therefore, can be explained most simply by the existence of lymphocytes which are reversibly tolerant to self. Hence, ontogenic elimination of potentially self-reactive cells may not be the only basis for natural tolerance. Regulatory mechanisms, such as antigen excess, may have to function in vivo to prevent differentiation of self-tolerant lymphocytes. These regulatory mechanisms appear to be annulled in the cell-culture system. The present system thus may offer a new approach to studies of tolerance and regulation of cellular immunity.
Abstract P3-02-03: Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) in HER-2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC) Patients (pts) Treated with Anti-HER2-Based Therapy
Authors: M Giuliano, A Giordano, BC Handy, NT Ueno, RH Alvarez, GN Hortobagyi, JM Reuben, V Valero, M. Cristofanilli
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background. Detection of ≥5 CTC per 7.5 mL of blood before starting systemic treatment is a strong and independent predictor of worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in MBC. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) was shown to be highly effective in reducing CTC number in all HER-2 amplified MBC cases after the first dose (De Giorgi et al., SABCS 2009). Furthermore, trastuzumab can target chemotherapy-resistant CTC in pts with breast cancer (Bozionellou et al. 2004). To date no significant analysis exploring the effect of another anti-HER2 therapy, lapatinib (Tykerb®) on CTC has been published.We hypothesized that anti-HER2-based therapy may modify the detection rate and prognostic value of CTC in pts with HER-2 amplified MBC. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 91 HER-2 positive MBC pts, treated at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center with trastuzumab-based (n=59), or lapatinib-based therapy (n=32). In all pts, CTC were enumerated before starting systemic treatments, using CellSearch™. Follow-up CTC counts were available for 41 (69%) pts treated with trastuzumab and 25 (78%) pts treated with lapatinib. PFS and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier product limit, and compared between groups according to baseline CTC count (&amp;lt;5 vs ≥5) by log-rank test. Results. Median follow-up was 27 months (range, 8-65) and 16 months (range, 3-33) for pts receiving trastuzumab and lapatinib, respectively. Treatments administered and CTC counts are reported in table 1. Two (5%) pts receiving trastuzumab and 4 (16%) pts treated with lapatinib had CTC ≥5 at the follow-up assessment. Estimated median PFS and OS according to baseline CTC value, for both treatments are shown in table 2. An elevated CTC count was associated with poor prognosis in pts treated with lapatinib (median OS: 25.8 vs 13.6 months in pts with CTC &amp;lt;5 and ≥5, respectively, P=.072). Surprisingly, in the trastuzumab group, PFS showed a non-statistically significant trend in favor of pts with CTC ≥5 compared to those with &amp;lt;5. Conclusions. According to previously published data, our study confirms that trastuzumab-based therapies can drastically reduce the number of CTC and neutralize their negative prognostic value. Furthermore, we found that lapatinib had a limited effect on the detection rate and prognostic value of CTC, although the low number of pts and the high percentage of pre-treated women do not allow us to draw definitive conclusions. Table 1 Table 2 Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-02-03.
Persistent thrombin generation in humans during specific thrombin inhibition with hirudin.
Authors: P Zoldhelyi, J Bichler, W G Owen, D E Grill, V Fuster, J S Mruk, J H Chesebro
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND The degree to which antithrombotic drugs suppress thrombin generation is unknown. Because hirudin, unlike antithrombin III, binds intravascular thrombin rapidly and selectively to yield a circulating inactive complex of 3- to 4-hour half-life, we used intravenous hirudin in humans to investigate the course of thrombin generation during and early after anticoagulation with this potent, direct antithrombin. METHODS AND RESULTS Intravascular thrombin was measured with an ELISA for the thrombin-hirudin complex formed during and for 18 hours after stopping a 6-hour infusion of hirudin at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg.kg-1.h-1 in three groups of six patients each. With free hirudin in 20- to 10,000-fold molar excess of thrombin and peak activated partial thromboplastin times of 2.3 to 3.0 times baseline, mean plasma thrombin-hirudin complex increased from 794 +/- 85 pg/mL (mean +/- SEM) 15 minutes after the start of the infusion to 1617 +/- 151 pg/mL at 6 hours of infusion to 2667 +/- 654 pg/mL at 24 hours. During the 24-hour observation period, plasma concentration of fragment 1.2 (the peptide released during conversion of prothrombin to thrombin) never fell below baseline but rather increased transiently during the hirudin infusion. Plasma concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (in ng/mL) decreased from 4.34 +/- 0.40 at baseline to 1.64 +/- 0.13 at 6 hours (P &lt; .001) and gradually increased after stopping the infusion to 5.7 +/- 0.87 at 24 hours (nonsignificant compared with baseline). CONCLUSIONS Measurement of thrombin-hirudin complex may be used as a marker of thrombin generation in humans. Persistent accumulation of thrombin-hirudin complex and generation of fragment 1.2 during and after completion of potent anticoagulation with hirudin suggest thrombin generation is not blocked by high-affinity thrombin inhibition. The persistent formation of thrombin during declining plasma levels of hirudin may contribute to the pathogenesis of rethrombosis early after antithrombin therapy or during inadequate anticoagulation.
Controlled trial of weight bearing exercise in older women in relation to bone density and falls
Authors: M. E T McMurdo, P. A Mole, C. R Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To determine the prevalence of the most often tested autoantibodies in synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome. <h3>Methods.</h3> We identified 90 patients seen in our unit between June 2002 and June 2009, and diagnosed according to the proposed criteria for SAPHO syndrome. Demographic and clinical data were collected as well as immunological results, including antinuclear, antithyroid peroxydase (TPO), antithyroid globulin (Tg), antigastric parietal cell, antismooth muscle, antimitochondria, and anti-liver-kidney microsome (LKM) antibodies. Anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies were analyzed in 69 patients, antibodies to soluble extractable nuclear antigens in 43, anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies in 22 [depending on the type of fluorescence of antinuclear antibody (ANA)], and antiendomysium antibodies in 55. <h3>Results</h3> Autoantibodies were found in 20 patients (22.2%): 14 patients (15.5%) had positive ANA (titer ≥ 1/160); among them, 10 (11%) patients never took a lupus-inducing drug. Antithyroid antibodies (anti-TPO and/or anti-Tg antibodies) were found in only 3 patients (3.3%). Three patients (3.3%) were positive for antigastric parietal cell antibodies and 4 (4.4%) were weakly positive for antismooth muscle antibodies. Antimitochondria and LKM antibodies were negative in all 90 patients. Anti-CCP and anti-dsDNA antibodies were negative in the 69 and 22 patients tested, respectively. One out of 43 patients (2.3%) had anti-SSA antibodies. Antiendomysium antibodies were negative in the 55 patients tested. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Our study indicates an increased prevalence of autoantibodies in SAPHO syndrome, with no specific profile. We failed to confirm the reports of an increased prevalence of antithyroid antibodies. These results tend to support a link between autoimmunity and SAPHO syndrome.
Sodium, Potassium and Magnesium Balance During Recovery from Congestive Heart Failure due to Cor Pulmonale and Other Heart Diseases
Authors: IVAN J. MADER, YOSHIKAZU MORITA, LLOYD T. ISERI
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Five cases of congestive failure due to varied causes were studied metabolically during recovery. The cases of cor pulmonale showed changes in cations and osmotically active base, similar to changes in heart failure due to other causes. A difference in the movement of water was noted between three of the present cases and the usual case of congestive heart failure.
How to play if you must
Authors: Hans Haller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Beyond what Colman is suggesting, some residual indeterminacy of Nash equilibrium may remain even after individual rationality is amended. Although alternative solution concepts can expand the positive scope (explanatory power) of game theory, they tend to reduce its accuracy of predictions (predictive power). Moreover, the appeal of alternative solutions may be context-specific, as illustrated by the Stackelberg solution.
The echo-transponder electrode catheter: A new method for mapping the left ventricle
Authors: Jonathan J. Langberg, Jay O. Franklin, Joel S. Landzberg, John M. Herre, Laura Kee, Michael C. Chin, Saroja Bharati, Maurice Lev, Ronald B. Himelman, Nelson B. Schiller, Jerry C. Griffin, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Plantar power: reproducibility of the plantar response.
Authors: J. Maher, M. Reilly, L. Daly, M. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

shunt) in this group.This compares favourably with a postmortem study of normal hearts that showed the incidence of patent foramen ovale to be about 27%.sWe conclude that the presence of a right to left shunt in a diver without a history of decompression sickness may be irrelevant.On current information, there is probably not a case for the routine screening of divers (or, indirectly, potential divers) for shunts.We thank Lynne Macbeth for her help in performing the echocardiographic examinations.
Use of Seat Belts
Authors: Roger P. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In his recent letter (1982;247:1936), Dr Thomas Dickinson discusses the potential pitfalls of incorrectly worn shoulder belts. However, significant concerns on the part of the medical community should still be directed toward getting our friends, neighbors, and patients to use a device at all. Many studies have been done in the past. However, to assess briefly the current status of seat-belt wearing, the following study was undertaken.  On April 13, 1982, between 12:17 and 1:14 PM, 600 automobiles were surveyed as they passed under a pedestrian bridge on a four-lane city street in Urbana, Ill. Three hundred cars traveling east and three hundred cars traveling west were viewed from overhead by this investigator and attempts were made to assess the number of passengers present in the front seat, along with the use or disuse of seat belts. There was no significant difference between the use of seat
A Vision of Health Care for the Next Millennium
Authors: Peter Hasselbacher
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Natural family planning. Review's enthusiasm based on flawed evidence.
Authors: J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1993)

often does not have the same motivation, and, particularly in developing countries, a woman may have an unequal say in such a decision.If she feels unhappy living with such uncertainty and decides, from purely unselfish motives, to try a more reliable method of birth control, it is she who has to bear all the guilt imposed on her by the Catholic church.Surely such a situation can have been created only by men, and men with no understand- ing of the problems faced by women.ANNEJEWELL
Use of Benzoctamine as Sedative in Patients with Respiratory Failure
Authors: T. J. H. Clark, J. V. Collins
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Benzoctamine (Tacitin) was given by mouth as night sedation to patients admitted to hospital with respiratory failure. Fourteen patients had chronic obstructive bronchitis and six had acute severe asthma. One patient with asthma needed intravenous sedation with benzoctamine. No adverse effects were observed, and there was no significant change of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC), or Pco(2) in any patient after benzoctamine. Nevertheless, further clinical experience of the drug is required before its use can be safely recommended in respiratory failure.
Erythroleukemia (Di Guglielmo's Disease)
Authors: Caroline C. Waddell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ERYTHROLEUKEMIA (Di Guglielmo's disease) is considered to be a variant of acute myeloblastic leukemia in which the bone marrow contains increased numbers of abnormal, bizarre erythroid precursors as well as increased numbers of myeloblasts. The development of acute leukemia (predominantly but not exclusively myeloblastic) after exposure to various forms of ionizing irradiation is well known. A few cases of leukemia occurring after intravenous injection of thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) have been reported.<sup>1</sup>We saw a patient who had PAS-positive erythroleukemia with chromosomal hypodiploidy 28 years after he had received thorium dioxide as a radiographic contrast agent. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old man was hospitalized for fever of three weeks' duration. Results of physical examination on admission were unremarkable. Initial CBC count showed a hematocrit concentration of 32%; platelets, 85,000/cu mm; and WBCs, 5500/cu mm, with 4% neutrophils, 28% eosinophils, 68% atypical lymphocytes, and 28 nucleated RBCs per 100 WBCs.
Abstract 1427: Signal rewiring induced by EWS/FLI-1 in mouse and human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Michelle Marques, Bethsaida Nieves, Ron Chen, Dideepya Vaka, Charles Chan, Grace Zheng, Howard Chang, Irv Weissman, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Translocations involving members of the Ets family of transcription factors are common in prostate cancer and sarcomas, yet their effects on signal rewiring in cancer are unclear. Translocations between EWS and the Ets transcription factor Fli1 are found in Ewing's sarcoma, an aggressive tumor found in children and young adults. To elucidate the mechanism of transformation by EWS-Fli1, we have developed a novel approach that leverages the advantages of both mouse and human model systems. A knock-in mouse in which a Fli1-cDNA was introduced downstream of the endogenous EWS allele was generated. To our knowledge, this is the first described genetically engineered model in which EWS-Fli1 (EF) can be expressed conditionally from the native EWS promotor. Expression of EF in MEFs and MSCs from this model demonstrates that MSCs tolerate EF expression better than MEFs, consistent with prior data suggesting that MSCs are the likely cell of origin of Ewing's sarcoma. Ongoing analysis of well-defined MSC subsets may provide additional information regarding the cell of origin. In parallel, we have analyzed the consequences of expression of EF in human MSCs derived from pediatric patients. Deep-sequencing of these human pediatric MSCs (hpMSCs) has identified many novel coding and non-coding transcripts that are specifically upregulated in hpMSCs as a consequence of expression of EF. We have used functional analysis using hMSC and ES cell lines to validate the role of these genes in EWS pathogenesis. Some, but not all of these novel transcripts are also upregulated in mouse MSCs and MEFs that express EF. In summary, a cross-species approach that combines mouse genetics with functional genomics has identified novel targets for ES specific therapeutic development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1427. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1427
Argon plasma coagulation in chronic radiation proctitis
Authors: A. Postgate, B. Saunders, J. Tjandra, J. Vargo
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Chronic radiation proctitis is a relatively common late complication of pelvic irradiation. The main symptoms are diarrhea, urgency, tenesmus, and rectal bleeding. While mild cases may settle spontaneously over some months, severe hemorrhagic radiation proctitis may require repeated blood transfusions and is difficult to treat with medical therapy. Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a noncontact thermal coagulation technique which can be applied endoscopically. A probe passed through the scope delivers a field of argon gas to the mucosal surface where it is ionized by a high voltage filament, resulting in superficial mucosal heating and coagulation of friable blood vessels. The technique reduces rectal bleeding in 80%-90% of cases, and may improve the other troublesome symptoms of diarrhea and urgency. APC is probably less effective in very severe cases of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis; in these cases topical formalin or a combination of APC and topical formalin can be useful. Overall, APC has proved to be a safe and well tolerated technique.
Deep arterial injury during experimental angioplasty: Relation to a positive indium-111-labeled platelet scintigram, quantitative platelet deposition and mural thrombosis
Authors: Jules Y.T. Lam, James H. Chesebro, Peter M. Steele, Mrinal K. Dewanjee, Lina Badimon, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Selective stimulation of caveolae-mediated endocytosis by an osmotic polymannitol-based gene transporter
Authors: Tae-Eun Park, Bitna Kang, You-Kyoung Kim, Qiankun Zhang, Won-Seok Lee, Mohammad Ariful Islam, Sang-Kee Kang, Myung-Haing Cho, Yun-Jaie Choi, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
What is consolidated during sleep-dependent motor skill learning?
Authors: Luca A. Finelli, Terrence J. Sejnowski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Learning procedural skills involves improvement in speed and accuracy. Walker proposes two stages of memory consolidation: enhancement, which requires sleep, and stabilization, which does not require sleep. Speed improvement for a motor learning task but not accuracy occurs after sleep-dependent enhancement. We discuss this finding in the context of computational models and underlying sleep mechanisms.
Neuronal Machinery of Sleep Homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Jeffrey M. Donlea, Diogo Pimentel, Gero Miesenböck
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Sleep is under homeostatic control, but the mechanisms that sense sleep need and correct sleep deficits remain unknown. Here, we report that sleep-promoting neurons with projections to the dorsal fan-shaped body (FB) form the output arm of Drosophila's sleep homeostat. Homeostatic sleep control requires the Rho-GTPase-activating protein encoded by the crossveinless-c (cv-c) gene in order to transduce sleep pressure into increased electrical excitability of dorsal FB neurons. cv-c mutants exhibit decreased sleep time, diminished sleep rebound, and memory deficits comparable to those after sleep loss. Targeted ablation and rescue of Cv-c in sleep-control neurons of the dorsal FB impair and restore, respectively, normal sleep patterns. Sleep deprivation increases the excitability of dorsal FB neurons, but this homeostatic adjustment is disrupted in short-sleeping cv-c mutants. Sleep pressure thus shifts the input-output function of sleep-promoting neurons toward heightened activity by modulating ion channel function in a mechanism dependent on Cv-c.