tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Autocrine PDGFR signaling promotes mammary cancer metastasis
Authors: M. Jechlinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer morbidity, but strategies for direct interference with invasion processes are lacking. Dedifferentiated, late-stage tumor cells secrete multiple factors that represent attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we show that metastatic potential of oncogenic mammary epithelial cells requires an autocrine PDGF/PDGFR loop, which is established as a consequence of TGF-β–induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a faithful in vitro correlate of metastasis. The cooperation of autocrine PDGFR signaling with oncogenic Ras hyperactivates PI3K and is required for survival during EMT. Autocrine PDGFR signaling also contributes to maintenance of EMT, possibly through activation of STAT1 and other distinct pathways. Inhibition of PDGFR signaling interfered with EMT and caused apoptosis in murine and human mammary carcinoma cell lines. Consequently, overexpression of a dominant-negative PDGFR or application of the established cancer drug STI571 interfered with experimental metastasis in mice. Similarly, in mouse mammary tumor virus–Neu (MMTV-Neu) transgenic mice, TGF-β enhanced metastasis of mammary tumors, induced EMT, and elevated PDGFR signaling. Finally, expression of PDGFRα and -β correlated with invasive behavior in human mammary carcinomas. Thus, autocrine PDGFR signaling plays an essential role during cancer progression, suggesting a novel application of STI571 to therapeutically interfere with metastasis.
National policy, attitudes undergo some changes in regard to drinking
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Musaad Ali Musaad
Authors: Sahar Musaad
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant physician New Zealand (b Nayel near Medani, Sudan, 1946; q Khartoum 1968; FRCP), died from multi-organ failure on 2 May 2003. ​




Figure 1




Musaad Ali Musaad began his career at the Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan, and trained to become a gastroenterologist at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. He later established the endoscopy department at the Jazeira Hospital, Abu Dhabi, and was actively involved in training students and doctors. In 1994 he emigrated to New Zealand, where he worked at Hawera Hospital, Taranaki, Palmerston North Hospital, and Middlemore Hospital in Auckland. He was a huge fan of Diana Ross, ABBA, and Ken Booth, and had complete collections of their music. He leaves a wife, Sana, and four children.
Plasminogen activation in unstable angina is associated with an acute phase response but not with activation of the hemostastic system
Authors: Luigi M. Biasucci, Giovanna Liuzzo, Gaetano Quaranta, Laura Massa, Giuseppina Caligluri, Claudia Monaco, Francesco Summaria, Willy van de Greef, Antonio G. Rebuzzi, Cornelis Kluft, Attilio Maseri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Dr. John P. Gray's Experience with Tuberculin.
Authors: John P. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1891)

To the Editor:  —I have read with much interest the communication of Dr. von Ruck in a recent issue ofThe Journal, and desire to add my experience to his, as to the favorable results to be obtained from the proper use of tuberculin. Returning from Berlin in the early part of January, I at once began the use of the lymph in the hospital here, and have had under treatment up to date twenty cases—of which three were lupus and the remainder pulmonary tuberculosis in the first and second stages. It is not my purpose in this article to go into a full report of these cases, reserving that for a later date, but to simply give the general results. In those patients suffering from lupus a steady improvement has been noticeable, the diseased tissue has gradually sloughed off, leaving a healthy cicatrix behind, so that in all three
Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Simcha Yagel, Ariel Weissman, Zeev Rotstein, Moshe Manor, Julius Hegesh, Eyal Anteby, Shlomo Lipitz, Reuwen Achiron
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Most congenital heart defects (CHDs) are diagnosed on targeted prenatal transvaginal (TVS) or transabdominal (TAS) ultrasonography during the early second trimester or at midgestation. Nevertheless, delayed diagnosis in some cardiac malformations still remains despite detailed echocardiographic examination. The present study was conducted to evaluate the evolution of fetal cardiac anomalies and assess their development in utero.We retrospectively reviewed 22,050 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: 6924 who had initial TVSs at 13 to 16 weeks' gestation, followed by TASs at 20 to 22 weeks, and 15,126 who had initial TASs at 20 to 22 weeks. Both groups were subsequently examined in their third trimester. All newborns were examined by certified pediatricians. CHD was diagnosed in 168 babies: 66 in group A and 102 in group B. In group A, 42 malformations (64%) were detected at the first TVS examination, and 11 (17%) were found during the subsequent TAS. Three additional anomalies (4%) were found during the third trimester, and 10 malformations (15%) were detected postnatally. In group B, 80 malformations (78%) were detected in the initial examination at midtrimester, and an additional 7 (7%) were found in the third trimester, whereas 15 (15%) were diagnosed postnatally. The 10 anomalies (group A, n=3; group B, n=7) that were detected only during the third trimester comprised aortic stenosis (n=2), cardiac rhabdomyoma (n=2), subaortic stenosis (n=1), tetralogy of Fallot (n= 1), aortic coarctation (n=1), sealed foramen ovale (n=1), ventricular septal defects (n=1), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=1).Although most fetal cardiac anomalies are detectable early in gestation, some may evolve in utero at different stages of pregnancy.
Bringing Nightingale down to size
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We all love heroes and heroines, but even more so do we enjoy the exposure of their hidden faults. I will not speculate on why this should be so: perhaps it is that, our lives being mediocre, we fear to contemplate unmitigated the heights of human accomplishment.

The greater is the reputation; the more guiltily delicious is the debunking. When I was a child, Florence Nightingale was an untouchable heroine, like Elizabeth Fry. Before her, nurses were Dickens’ Mrs Gamp; after her, they were ministering angels. Soldiers were eternally kissing her shadow as she went by.

One of the great works of historical debunking is F B Smith’s Florence Nightingale: Reputation and Power , published in 1982. Smith, an Australian historian, …
Australian doctor builds "coma machine"
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Darwin GP who has legally helped three patients to die is building a “coma machine,” which would allow terminally ill people to administer enough drugs to keep them comatose until they die.

Dr Philip Nitschke said that the proposed device, which he described as “slightly macabre,” would give a legal alternative to those who were now unable to access euthanasia after the senate last month quashed legislation on mercy killing.

Northern Territory police are currently investigating the death of former nurse Esther Wild …
More precise beam logic implied by cerebellar–motor coherence
Authors: Gin McCollum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Just as physics determines physically viable movements, the spatial distribution of input excitations allows the cerebellum to choose physiologically viable beams. Cerebellar–motor coherence implies that the ordering and modes of combination of cerebellar beams reflect (1) the way movement invariants are ordered and combined in movement and (2) the way physical principles are integrated in learning to move.
Exposure assessment to dioxins from the use of tampons and diapers.
Authors: Michael J DeVito, Arnold Schecter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Over the past several years there has been concern over exposure to dioxins through the use of tampons and other sanitary products. This article describes attempts to estimate dioxin exposures from tampons and infant diapers; we then compare exposure estimates to dietary dioxin exposures. We analyzed four brands of tampons and four brands of infant diapers obtained from commercial establishments in San Francisco, California, for dioxin concentrations. We estimated exposures to dioxins on the basis of a screening level analysis that assumed all dioxins present were completely absorbed. We also estimated exposures by using a more refined analysis that incorporates partition coefficients to estimate bioavailability. None of the products contained 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the most potent dioxin, although other dioxins were present at detectable concentrations in all samples. We observed minimal differences in the concentrations of dioxins between 100% cotton and cotton/pulp products. The refined exposure analysis indicates that exposures to dioxins from tampons are approximately 13,000-240,000 times less than dietary exposures. The refined exposure analysis showed that exposure to dioxins from the diet is more than 30,000-2,200,000 times the exposure through diapers in nursing infants. Although dioxins are found in trace amounts in both cotton and pulp sanitary products, exposure to dioxins through tampons and diapers does not significantly contribute to dioxin exposures in the United States.
Echocardiographic and Radionuclide Pulmonary Blood Flow Patterns After Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Hugues Dessy, Joris P.S. Hermus, Freek van den Heuvel, H.Y. Oei, Eric P. Krenning, John Hess
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been associated with protrusion of the occluder device into the left pulmonary artery (LPA). This study was conducted to evaluate the significance of occluder protrusion and its implications for potential obstruction of the LPA and associated decrease of left lung perfusion. Methods and Results Fifty-two patients underwent successful transcatheter PDA occlusion over a period of 5 years. In this study, 49 were reexamined between March and June 1995. In addition to clinical and echocardiographic examination, lung scintigraphy was performed. Protrusion into the LPA was present in 5 of 49 patients (10%). In these patients, maximal flow velocity in the LPA was significantly ( P &lt;.01) increased. Decreased left lung perfusion, defined as &lt;40% of total pulmonary blood flow, was found in 7 of 49 patients (14%). Although mean left pulmonary perfusion was significantly ( P =.02) decreased in patients with protrusion, there was considerable overlap with patients without protrusion, and only a weak correlation was found ( r =−.35, P =.01) between flow-velocity and left lung perfusion. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that protrusion of the device in the LPA is an infrequent finding. If present, it is associated with increased maximal flow velocity in the LPA and diminished left lung perfusion. However, echocardiography and lung scintigraphy are weakly correlated: Increased maximal blood flow velocities in the proximal LPA proved to be a poor indicator of impaired left lung perfusion. Also, decreased perfusion occurs in the absence of echocardiographic evidence of device protrusion.
Health, Life, and Automobile Insurance Characteristics in Adults With IDDM
Authors: Thomas J Songer, Ronald E LaPorte, Janice S Dorman, Trevor J Orchard, Dorothy J Becker, Allan L Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine whether people with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were compromised in their access to insurance. Research Design and Methods A case-control study of 158 people with IDDM and 158 nondiabetic siblings matched for age and sex was conducted to evaluate the health, life, and automobile insurance characteristics and history of people with IDDM. Results Health insurance coverage (yes/no) among the IDDM and sibling control subjects was similar. More than 90% of the IDDM and control respondents had insurance through a private third-party source, and this insurance did not differ by type of plan, coverage, or premium. However, Medicare coverage was more common among the IDDM subjects and was associated with the presence of severe diabetic complications. IDDM subjects were also more likely to have been denied a health insurance policy by an insurer than were the control subjects (23 vs. 1%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Similarly, there was no difference between the IDDM and sibling control subjects in the number who had a life or automobile insurance policy. However, life and automobile insurance refusal was much more frequent among the IDDM respondents, more so for life (55 vs. 0%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) than for automobile (12 vs. 4%, P &amp;lt; 0.05) insurance. Conclusions These results suggest that access to insurance is severely compromised for people with IDDM. Although most of those with IDDM are able to find some form of insurance, it is evident that on average they must go to extra lengths to find it. These data and a changing insurance environmentemphasize the need to reexamine, as a society, the importance of insurance for people with chronic disease, particularly IDDM.
IL‐17 signaling accelerates the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Isaac T.W. Harley, Traci E. Stankiewicz, Daniel A. Giles, Samir Softic, Leah M. Flick, Monica Cappelletti, Rachel Sheridan, Stavra A. Xanthakos, Kris A. Steinbrecher, Balfour R. Sartor, Rohit Kohli, Christopher L. Karp, Senad Divanovic
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Inflammation plays a central pathogenic role in the pernicious metabolic and end-organ sequelae of obesity. Among these sequelae, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in the developed world. The twinned observations that obesity is associated with increased activation of the interleukin (IL)-17 axis and that this axis can regulate liver damage in diverse contexts prompted us to address the role of IL-17RA signaling in the progression of NAFLD. We further examined whether microbe-driven IL-17A regulated NAFLD development and progression. We show here that IL-17RA(-/-) mice respond to high-fat diet stress with significantly greater weight gain, visceral adiposity, and hepatic steatosis than wild-type controls. However, obesity-driven lipid accumulation was uncoupled from its end-organ consequences in IL-17RA(-/-) mice, which exhibited decreased steatohepatitis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase enzyme expression, and hepatocellular damage. Neutralization of IL-17A significantly reduced obesity-driven hepatocellular damage in wild-type mice. Further, colonization of mice with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a commensal that induces IL-17A production, exacerbated obesity-induced hepatocellular damage. In contrast, SFB depletion protected from obesity-induced hepatocellular damage. These data indicate that obesity-driven activation of the IL-17 axis is central to the development and progression of NAFLD to steatohepatitis and identify the IL-17 pathway as a novel therapeutic target in this condition.
Women prefer hospital births.
Authors: M. Johnson, J. Smith, S. Haddad, J. Walker, A. Wong
Journal: BMJ (1992)

x Values when ratings ofprofessional groups are compared with ratings of consensus panel regarding likelihood of sexual abuse Professional group x Clinical importance Specialist psychiatrists 0-780 Excellent General psychiatrists 0 567 Fair Experimental psychologists 0 705 Good Trainee social workers 0-683 Good Trainee clinical psychologists 0 661 Good Lawyers 0-717 Good Police 0 821 Excellent All groups 0 706 Good to 0 567 for general psychiatrists.The table shows the clinical importance of each of the x values according to the criteria of Cicchetti and Sparrow.IAs Harrington highlights, the levels of agreement between each group of raters and consensus are not perfect (as is true for all clinical assessments); the specialist psychiatrists and police, however, have x values that would be considered excellent levels of agreement, and only the general psychiatrists have levels of agreement below those considered to be good.We therefore stand by our original conclusions that the levels of agreement between the professional groups and the consensus panel are generally good to excellent.We also recognise, as does Harrington, that continued efforts to standardise the interview are necessary to improve the clinical assessment of children suspected of being sexually abused.We believe that our report is an important first step in that process.
Conjugated bilirubin triggers anemia by inducing erythrocyte death
Authors: Elisabeth Lang, Sergios Gatidis, Noemi F. Freise, Hans Bock, Ralf Kubitz, Christian Lauermann, Hans Martin Orth, Caroline Klindt, Maximilian Schuier, Verena Keitel, Maria Reich, Guilai Liu, Sebastian Schmidt, Haifeng C. Xu, Syed M. Qadri, Diran Herebian, Aleksandra A. Pandyra, Ertan Mayatepek, Erich Gulbins, Florian Lang, Dieter Häussinger, Karl S. Lang, Michael Föller, Philipp A. Lang
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatic failure is commonly associated with anemia, which may result from gastrointestinal bleeding, vitamin deficiency, or liver‐damaging diseases, such as infection and alcohol intoxication. At least in theory, anemia during hepatic failure may result from accelerated clearance of circulating erythrocytes. Here we show that bile duct ligation (BDL) in mice leads to severe anemia despite increased reticulocyte numbers. Bilirubin stimulated suicidal death of human erythrocytes. Mechanistically, bilirubin triggered rapid Ca 2+ influx, sphingomyelinase activation, formation of ceramide, and subsequent translocation of phosphatidylserine to the erythrocyte surface. Consistent with our in vitro and in vivo findings, incubation of erythrocytes in serum from patients with liver disease induced suicidal death of erythrocytes in relation to their plasma bilirubin concentration. Consistently, patients with hyperbilirubinemia had significantly lower erythrocyte and significantly higher reticulocyte counts compared to patients with low bilirubin levels. Conclusion : Bilirubin triggers suicidal erythrocyte death, thus contributing to anemia during liver disease. (H epatology 2015;61:275–284)
Abstract 383: Down-regulation of tumoral Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α expression in OVCAR-3 tumors by albendazole
Authors: Mohammad H. Pourgholami, Zhao Yan Cai, Samina Badar, Marianne Poruchynsky, David Lawson Morris
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: To determine if albendazole (ABZ) interferes with the tumoral production of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins. Procedures: Human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions and the affect of ABZ on HIF-1α and VEGF expression was determined. In vivo, female nude mice bearing intraperitoneal tumors were treated with an acute dose of ABZ (150 mg/kg, i.p.), and then euthanased at various time points (1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h). Excised tumors were analysed for HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Results: ABZ blocked the hypoxia-induced surge in HIF-1α protein. In mice, tumoral expression of HIF-1α and VEGF proteins were highly suppressed by ABZ in a reversible time-dependent manner. In drug treated mice, tumor VEGFmRNA levels were also profoundly suppressed. Conclusion: The results show that the anti-VEGF effect is mediated through the inhibition of HIF-1α. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 383.
NHI: Deductibles and Co-Insurance
Authors: F. J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IN their predictions of the effects of National Health Insurance (NHI) programs on medical services in the United States, Newhouse, Phelps and Schwartz (page 1345) carefully avoid identification and discussion of any specific health-insurance bills that Congress is considering. Some readers, however, may wish to know the major provisions found in the leading NHI bills concerning deductibles and co-insurance, both of which are considered forms of "cost-sharing."Administration Bill Deductibles (maximum amounts that the insured has to pay before insurance becomes effective)Medical Services (hospitals, physicians, extended care, home health):For individual: $150 per yearFor family: Three members qualifying . . .
Manipulating piggyBac Transposon Chromosomal Integration Site Selection in Human Cells
Authors: Claudia Kettlun, Daniel L Galvan, Alfred L George Jr, Aparna Kaja, Matthew H Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The ability to direct gene delivery to a user-defined chromosomal location would greatly improve gene transfer applications. The piggyBac transposon system is a nonviral gene transfer system proven effective in a variety of cells and tissues, including human cells. We fused a highly site-specific synthetic zinc-finger DNA-binding domain (ZFP) to the N-terminus of the piggyBac transposase and evaluated site-directed genomic integration in human cells. Chimeric ZFP-piggyBac transposase exhibited robust gene transfer activity, targeted binding to a cognate endogenous chromosomal ZFP site in the human genome, and site-directed transposon integration into an episomal plasmid target containing a single ZFP site in human cells. We evaluated the ability of ZFP-piggyBac to direct gene integration into an engineered chromosomal ZFP target site in the human genome and consistently observed a higher degree of ZFP-piggyBac site-directed genomic integration when compared to native piggyBac. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments revealed binding of native piggyBac to our engineered TTAA-containing chromosomal target which supported integration, but not a TTAA-deficient chromosomal target which lacked integration. Our results offer insight into the requirements for using a chimeric zinc finger-piggyBac transposase to direct integration into a user-defined chromosomal location.