tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain Scans for Metastasis
Authors: Robert C. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  As Wittes and Yeh (238:506-507, 1977) indicate, evaluation for brain and liver metastasis remains imprecise when histological confirmation is not obtained. Hansen and Muggia 1 identified liver metastases by peritoneoscopy in one of six patients with small cell cancer who were thought not to have liver metastasis based on clinical evaluation and scan.  While histological confirmation of suspected intracranial metastasis is not presently feasible, computerized tomographic brain scanning has provided important information with regard to the false positivity rate of isotope brain scans. In our series of 47 ambulatory patients with small cell lung cancer, one patient had clinical isotopic and computerized tomographic data consistent with brain metastasis. However, three other patients, each of whom had a definite focal abnormality on multiple views of the isotopic brain scan study and who were also studied by computerized tomographic brain scan, did not show edema or enhancement, but rather
Chronic Schizophrenia: Explorations in Theory and Treatment
Authors: Milton H. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This symposium by 18 well-experienced contributors representing the fields of biology, physiology, psychiatry, anthropology, and psychology presents a wealth of recent significant thinking and information on chronic schizophrenia, an aggregate of conditions accounting for approximately 50% of the essentially constant state hospital population. It is not possible to summarize the individual essays, but certain points made repeatedly throughout the book can be given. Chronic schizophrenia is common to mankind and not the product of a geographic area, a culture, or a race. Hence, any satisfactory approach to an understanding of it must be couched in similarly comprehensive terms, not in terms of any one man's thinking, one discipline's concepts, or the social and family organization and interaction of any one culture. Unlike the established, narrow, limited concepts of psychiatric therapy, which is often concerned primarily with the furtherance of some selected philosophical system, any adequate treatment must rather be oriented
Modification by Drugs of Urinary Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products in Glomerulonephritis
Authors: A. R. Clarkson, M. K. MacDonald, J. D. Cash, J. S. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Treatment with indomethacin, aspirin, or prednisone has been shown to reduce urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) in approximately two-thirds of patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis. This reduction which is dose-dependent for prednisone but not for indomethacin or aspirin in the range of doses used occurs within two to three days of beginning treatment and is thought to result from decreased intraglomerular fibrin deposition rather than alteration of glomerular permeability to F.D.P. In patients who responded in this manner treatment was associated with reductions in the degree of proteinuria and maintenance or improvement in renal function.
A METHOD OF PERFORMING TENOTOMY WHICH ENABLES THE OPERATOR TO LIMIT THE EFFECT AS REQUIRED.
Authors: FRANK C. TODD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A complete tenotomy of an extraocular muscle effects a change of about 13 degrees. This can be varied only by following Panas' method of stretching the tendon previous to tenotomizing, as described by Dr. A. Edward Davis before this Section in 1901; this produces somewhat less effect, because the muscle, having been previously stretched, reinsertion takes place further forward on the globe. A somewhat increased effect may be produced by extreme rotation of the eye away from the muscle after tenotomizing, thereby stretching or rupturing some of the accessory attachments. But this does not give much opportunity of regulating the effect of a tenotomy and no possibility of correcting errors of less than about 13 degrees. Furthermore, we do not know where the tendon will become reattached, consequently how much disturbance of the muscle balance not previously existing may be brought about by this effort to make correction. Therefore, complete
WHO combats counterfeit malaria drugs in Asia
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Obesity in children in England continues to rise 334 More than one in four children in England are overweight or obese, said a government report published last week which showed that obesity in young people is continuing to rise.The report said that the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2 to 10 increased from 9.9% in 1995 to 13.7% in 2003.The total number of overweight and obese children rose from 22.7% to 27.7% in this period.Obesity increased most in older children aged 8 to 10, rising from 11.2% in 1995 to 16.5% in 2003.Levels of obesity were similar for both sexes, increasing from 9.6% in 1995 to 14.9% in 2003 for boys and from 10.3% to 12.5% for girls.Children living in households with the lowest incomes had higher rates of obesity than those from households with the highest incomes (15.8% v 13.3%).
Emotional distress in junior house officers.
Authors: J Firth-Cozens
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In a study of 170 junior house officers who were followed up from their fourth year in medical school mean levels of stress were higher than in other reported occupational groups, and the estimated prevalence of emotional disturbance was 50%, with 28% of the subjects showing evidence of depression. Nearly a fifth of the subjects reported occasional or frequent bouts of heavy drinking, a quarter took drugs for physical illness, and a few took drugs for recreation. Those who were emotionally distressed at the initial study and the follow up were more empathetic and more self critical than those who had low levels of stress on both occasions. Overwork was the most stressful aspect of their jobs, though the number of hours worked was not related to stress levels, unlike diet and sleep. The more stressed they were the more unfavourably they viewed aspects of their jobs. The incidence of distress is unacceptably high in junior house officers, and both they and the hospitals need to deal with the causes of the distress.
Recombinant PTH for Initial Management of Neonatal Hypocalcemia
Authors: Ron S. Newfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Brown is troubled by differences in the medical care received by wealthy travelers and that received by impoverished native citizens.Using the benefits of personal contingency planning for an injured or ill person presents less of an ethical dilemma than nationalized responses to incidents of mass disaster where "en masse scoop and run" of foreign nationals occurs against a backdrop of "sheltering in place" of local residents who are often more seriously injured. 4,5A noble strain of ignoring the boundaries of politics, race, and economics in order to provide care runs through the history of medicine.Embracing it could be the first step to erasing the blatant differences that Brown decries.
Counting the cost of social disadvantage in primary care: retrospective analysis of patient data
Authors: A. Worrall, J N. Rea, Y. Ben-Shlomo
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Objective:</i> To cost the relation between socioeconomic status and various measures of primary care workload and assess the adequacy of current "deprivation" payments in relation to actual costings for patients living in qualifying areas. <i>Design:</i> Retrospective data on primary care were collected over a 4.5 year period from both computerised and manually filed records. Standardised data on socioeconomic status were obtained by postal questionnaire. <i>Setting:</i> Inner city group practice with a socioeconomically diverse population. <i>Subjects:</i> 382 male and female subjects of all ages, with a total of 1296 person years of observation. <i>Main outcome measures:</i> Primary care costs resulting from consultations with a general practitioner or a practice nurse and both new and repeat prescriptions. <i>Results:</i> Morbidity, workload, and costs of drug treatment increased with decreasing socioeconomic status. The difference in cost for patients in social classes IV and V combined compared with those in I and II combined was about £150 per person year at risk (£47 for workload and £103 for drugs). Deprivation payments met only half the extra workload cost for patients from qualifying wards. <i>Conclusions:</i> The greater workload caused by social disadvantage has been previously underestimated by simple consultation rates. The absolute difference in costs for socially disadvantaged patients increases as more detailed measures of workload and drug treatment are included. Current deprivation payments only partially offset the increased expenditure on workload. This shortfall will have to be addressed to attract general practitioners to, or retain them in, deprived areas. <h3>Key messages</h3> The costs of providing primary health care including drug treatment increased with decreasing socioeconomic status from £107 in social classes I and II to £256 in IV and V per person year at risk Previous studies that used simply consultation rates have underestimated the differences by socioeconomic status compared with the use of more detailed measures of cost Repeated drug treatment, indicating chronic illness, was the largest component of the total drug and labour cost The additional workload costs for patients from qualifying electoral wards were only partially offset by deprivation payments Additional deprivation payments could be used to expand the work of practice nurses, although this needs further evaluation
Derivation of knee joint synovial perfusion. Using the Xenon (133Xe) clearance technique.
Authors: W C Dick, R A Onge, F C Gillepsie, W W Downie, G Nuki, I Gordon, K Whaley, J A Boyle, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Inert gas clearance techniques involving the use of radioactive xenon (533Xe) have been developed to measure blood flow through many organs (Bain and Harper, 1968; Veall, 1968).In this paper a method is described for deriving the blood flow through the synovial tissue of the human knee joint by measuring the rate of clearance of intra-articularly administered 133Xe from the joint.This method provides a measure of capillary blood flow ('per- fusion') as opposed to total arterial inflow or venous outflow.
Surgical Management of Recurrent Thymic Epithelial Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis Based on the Japanese Nationwide Database
Authors: Tetsuya Mizuno, Meinoshin Okumura, Hisao Asamura, Kazuo Yoshida, Hiroshi Niwa, Kazuya Kondo, Hirotoshi Horio, Akihide Matsumura, Kohei Yokoi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
THE PRESENCE OF BACTERIA IN THE LUNGS OF MICE FOLLOWING INHALATION
Authors: Ernest G. Stillman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

1. When mice are exposed to an atmosphere containing cultures of bacteria in the form of a fine mist, the bacteria readily penetrate into the lower respiratory tract. 2. Pneumococci which have reached the lung as a result of this procedure usually disappear within a few hours and give rise to no infection. Hemolytic streptococci, on the other hand, persist in the lung for a considerably longer time and a general septicemia usually follows. 3. Attempts to determine the conditions under which pneumococci which have reached the lung by inhalation may induce a local or general infection have not been successful.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of severe venoocclusive disease following bone marrow transplantation
Authors: M W Fried, D G Connaghan, S Sharma, L G Martin, S Devine, K Holland, A Zuckerman, S Kaufman, J Wingard, T D Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD) is a common, life–threatening complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Portal hypertension is usually present and accounts for many of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. We describe the results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for the management of VOD after BMT TIPS was performed in six patients with histologically confirmed VOD who had progressive jaundice and ascites. Portal hypertension was improved by TIPS in all patients (mean portal pressure gradient before TIPS, 20.2 +/– 4.6 vs. 6.7 +/– 1.9 mm Hg post–TIPS, P &lt; .004). Three patients who underwent TIPS late in the course of VOD did not demonstrate any clinical improvement after TIPS and expired within 2 weeks of the procedure. The remaining three patients had less advanced disease and demonstrated decreases in serum bilirubin, improvement in coagulopathy, and decreased ascites after TIPS. Two patients subsequently expired, one with persistent histological changes of VOD. The lone survivor continues to do well with resolution of ascites, jaundice, and coagulopathy as of her last outpatient visit. TIPS was an effective method for portal decompression in patients with VOD after BMT, and was associated with clinical improvement in some patients. However, these effects may be transient and may not improve overall survival.
Aspects of Medical Education in Iran
Authors: James A. Halsted
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE Journal recently published a Special Article on health problems of the Middle East in which a brief historical sketch of the whole area was presented.1 Iran, or Persia,† is part of the Middle East though not of the Arab world, and it may be helpful in pursuing knowledge of technically underdeveloped areas to focus on this country of the Middle East, limiting the discussion to one aspect of Iran —namely, medical education, which was the purpose of my assignment. This obviously has fundamental implications for future health development in that country. Also, it may have some bearing on American . . .
ELLIPSOID-SHAPED AORTIC ANNULUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANGLE BETWEEN INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM AND ASCENDING AORTA: EVALUATION BY THRANSTHORACIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Chikage Kihara, Kazuya Murata, Yasuaki Wada, Kosuke Uchida, Shinichi Okuda, Takehisa Susa, Wakako Murakami, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Atlas of Heart Disease
Authors: Leon Resnekov
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The correlation of clinical cardiology with pathophysiology and anatomy of the heart and circulation can certainly be useful and instructive. It is the goal of this multiauthored book to provide the clinician with "the connecting link between clinical findings and anatomopathological alterations." The book provides many anatomic drawings by Professor Metzenbauer, originally an industrial artist and more recently an illustrator of anatomic preparations. Although many of these illustrations are beautiful, their actual educational value is questionable. For example, there are many full-paged color illustrations of the overall appearance of the heart, but much less anatomic detail is provided of the abnormal condition being illustrated. The publishers have provided a very handsome volume on art gloss paper, and the standard of printing is excellent throughout. Unfortunately, typographical errors remain. The original text was in German, and the contributors are, in the main, from the University of Vienna. It has been translated
Platelet aggregatory response to platelet activating factor (PAF), ex vivo, and PAF-acetylhydrolase activity in patients with unstable angina: effect of c7E3 Fab (abciximab) therapy
Authors: A Tselepis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Platelet activation and aggregation is a dominant feature in the pathophysiology of unstable angina. The final step of platelet aggregation is mediated through the platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa), while abciximab (ReoPro) is one of the most potent inhibitors of this receptor. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent platelet agonist which is degraded and inactivated by PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). The plasma form of PAF-AH is associated with lipoproteins. We studied the platelet response to the aggregatory effect of PAF, ex vivo, in relation to the plasma PAF-AH activity in 32 patients with unstable angina, as well as the effect of abciximab therapy on the above parameters. Methods: Thirty two patients with unstable angina and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy controls participated in the study. On the day of admission (day 1) 17 patients received a bolus of abciximab (0.25 mg/kg) followed by a 12-h infusion (10 μg/min). Platelet aggregation to both PAF and ADP, in platelet rich plasma, was successively studied in both patients receiving abciximab or remaining untreated. The plasma and HDL-associated PAF-AH activity was also determined at the same times. Results: In the untreated patients, the PAF EC50 values were significantly lower on the day of admission, whereas the maximal percentage of aggregation was significantly higher compared to controls (p<0.01 for both comparisons). Similar behaviour of the platelets was observed in the aggregatory effect of ADP. This aggregatory response was not significantly altered 4 days, 7 days or 1 month afterwards. In the 17 patients who received abciximab, platelet aggregation to both PAF and ADP was inhibited by 90±5 and 96±3%, respectively, 1 h after bolus. At 2 and 3 days after treatment, platelet aggregation to both agonists was significantly recovered being similar to controls. However, it was fully restored 6 days after bolus, still being significantly higher compared to controls (p<0.01 for PAF and p<0.003 for ADP). The total plasma PAF-AH activity in both patient groups was not different from that of controls, whereas the HDL-associated PAF-AH activity was significantly lower. The total plasma or HDL-associated enzyme activity was not altered at any time interval studied, and it was not influenced by abciximab. Conclusions: The increased aggregatory response of platelets to PAF and the low plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-associated PAF-AH activity in patients with unstable angina may contribute to the severe atherosclerosis and to acute thrombosis found in these patients. Abciximab therapy may protect platelets from PAF action in vivo the first days after drug administration, but it fails to permanently restore the enhanced aggregatory response observed.
Intracranial tumour in an infant presenting as iron deficiency anaemia.
Authors: R Jooma, D N Grant
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Une observation rare par le fait que l'anemie avec carence en fer est le premier symptome, chez un nourrisson de 10 mois. Les supplements de fer ne sont pas efficaces. La tumeur (astrocytome) est diagnostiquee par tomographie axiale avec traitement informatique. L'anemie regresse spontanement apres excision de la tumeur. Seule sequelle: hemianopsie
Synergy between liposomal zoledronic acid and γδ T-cells in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Ana Catarina Parente Pereira, Hilary Shmeeda, Lynsey Whilding, Sadaf Ghaem-Maghami, Alberto Gabizon, John Maher
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts γδ T-cells contribute importantly to tumor immunosurveillance and are activated by phosphoantigen intermediates of the mevalonate pathway that are commonly over-produced in cancer cells. To potentiate this, phosphoantigen levels can be boosted using zoledronic acid (ZA). However
Granules of electrolytes for infants.
Authors: D. Gairdner
Journal: BMJ (1969)

BMDICH Jouse 449 from the casualty department those patients whose self-poisoning episode was trivial in the poisoning sense.It is realized that to put the burden of psychiatric assessment in 'such cases on a busy casualty officer, often with little psychiatric training, is grossly unfair on the doctor and possibly lethal for the patient, whose initial attempt at suicide failed from lack of medical knowledge rather than from mental illness, which may be severe.To have a psychiatric unit in a general hospital must be very useful, Unfortunately this is not the case in Sunderland.-I am, etc.,
Relationship of blood and bone lead to menopause and bone mineral density among middle-age women in Mexico City.
Authors: Francisco Garrido Latorre, Mauricio Hernández-Avila, Juan Tamayo Orozco, Carlos A Albores Medina, Antonio Aro, Eduardo Palazuelos, Howard Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

To describe the relationship of blood lead levels to menopause and bone lead levels, we conducted a cross-sectional study on 232 pre- or perimenopausal (PreM) and postmenopausal (PosM) women who participated in an osteoporosis-screening program in Mexico City during the first quarter of 1995. Information regarding reproductive characteristics and known risk factors for blood lead was obtained using a standard questionnaire by direct interview. The mean age of the population was 54.7 years (SD = 9.8), with a mean blood lead level of 9.2 microg/dL (SD = 4.7/dL) and a range from 2.1 to 32.1 microg/dL. After adjusting for age and bone lead levels, the mean blood lead level was 1.98 microg/dL higher in PosM women than in PreM women (p = 0.024). The increase in mean blood lead levels peaked during the second year of amenorrhea with a level (10.35 microg/dL) that was 3.51 microg/dL higher than that of PreM women. Other important predictors of blood lead levels were use of lead-glazed ceramics, schooling, trabecular bone lead, body mass index, time of living in Mexico City, and use of hormone replacement therapy. Bone density was not associated with blood lead levels. These results support the hypothesis that release of bone lead stores increases during menopause and constitutes an internal source of exposure possibly associated with health effects in women in menopause transition.
Myocardial stunning: a role for calcium antagonists during ischaemia?
Authors: G Heusch
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Myocardial stunning: a role for calcium antagonists during ischaemia? Get access Gerd Heusch Gerd Heusch Abteilung für Pathophysiologie, Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstraβe 55, 4300 Essen I, Germany: Professor Dr Gerd Heusch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 1, January 1992, Pages 14–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.1.14 Published: 01 January 1992