tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
476 ANEMIA DURING TREATMENT WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B/ RIBAVIRIN WITH OR WITHOUT BOCEPREVIR IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER SVR RATES: ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED AND PREVIOUS-TREATMENT-FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: M.S. Sulkowski, F. Poordad, M.P. Manns, J.-P. Bronowicki, K.R. Reddy, S.A. Harrison, N.H. Afdhal, N. Boparai, V. Sniukiene, M. Burroughs, J.K. Albrecht, C.A. Brass, I.M. Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Combination of hybrid peptide with biodegradable gelatin hydrogel for controlled release and enhancement of anti-tumor activity in vivo
Authors: Arong Gaowa, Tomohisa Horibe, Masayuki Kohno, Keisuke Sato, Hiroshi Harada, Masahiro Hiraoka, Yasuhiko Tabata, Koji Kawakami
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Iron and folate metabolism in tuberculosis.
Authors: P. D. Roberts, A. V. Hoffbrand, D. L. Mollin
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Background and objective</h3> Different lung function trajectories through life can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. This study investigates if circulating levels of biomarkers can differentiate those with accelerated (AD) from normal decline (ND) trajectories. <h3>Methods</h3> The Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study (TAHS) is a general population study that measured spirometry and followed up participants from ages 7 to 53 years. Based on their FEV<sub>1</sub> trajectories from age 7 to 53 years, this analysis included those with COPD at age 53 years (60 with AD and 94 with ND) and controls (C, n=720) defined as never smokers with an average FEV<sub>1</sub> trajectory. Circulating levels of selected biomarkers determined at 53 and 45 years of age were compared between trajectories. <h3>Results</h3> Results showed that CC16 levels (an anti-inflammatory protein) were lower and CRP (a pro-inflammatory marker) higher in the AD than in the ND trajectory. Higher CC16 levels were associated with a decreased risk of belonging to the AD trajectory (OR=0.79 [0.63–0.98] per unit increase) relative to ND trajectory. Higher CRP levels were associated with an increased risk of belonging to the AD trajectory (OR=1.07 [1.00, 1.13] per unit increase). Levels of CC16 (AUC=0.69 [95%CI: 0.56–0.81], p=0.002), CRP (AUC=0.63 [0.53–0.72], p=0.01) and the combination of both (AUC=0.72 [0.60–0.83], p&lt;0.001) were able to discriminate between the AD and ND trajectories. Other quantified biomarkers (IL4, IL5, IL6, IL10 and TNFα) were not significantly different between AD, ND and C. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Circulating levels of CRP and CC16 measured in late adulthood identify different lung function trajectories (AD <i>versus</i> ND) leading to COPD at age 53 years.
Abstract 590: Preclinical biosafety test of oncolytic adenovirus-infected carrier cell for Phase I study
Authors: Katsuyuki Hamada
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although almost 1000 clinical trials of gene therapy have been tried in USA, any significant clinical effects have not yet been reported. This is due to the anti-viral neutralizing antibodies production after the induction of viral mediated gene delivery for clinical trials. To address this limitation, we developed a carrier cell system to deliver a replication-competent adenovirus. Carrier cells infected with oncolytic adenovirus were incubated with target ovarian cancer cells in high titer of antiadenovirus antibody. Carrier cells were injected into syngeneic subcutaneous ovarian tumors after immunization with adenovirus. Carrier cell-derived cell fragments containing viral particles were engulfed by proliferative target ovarian cancer cells. This engulfment-mediated transfer of adenovirus was not inhibited by antiadenovirus antibody and enabled repetitive infection. After the induction of antiadenoviral CTL responses by immunization of adenovirus, administration of carrier cells infected with a replication-competent adenovirus induced complete tumor regression. Short term toxicity and distribution test were carried out to inject carrier cells into ovarian tumor in nude mice at once and long term toxicity test was carried out to inject carrier cells into rabbits at 8 times for 4 weeks. Short term toxicity test did not show any lethal side effects in nude mice. In distribution test, single injection of carrier cells into ovarian tumor induced the peak levels of cells and oncolytic virus in tumors on the next day but did not show any significant levels of cells and oncolytic virus in tumors 14 days after injection. In long term toxicity test, 8 injections of carrier cells (1.25 × 107 cells/kg) did not show any significant toxicity in rabbits This novel adenoviral receptor independent carrier cell-mediated viral transfection system might prove safe in this preclinical biosafety test and useful to treat solid tumors. Phase I clinical trial of this carrier cells infected with oncolytic adenovirus will be started soon to treat recurrent solid tumors which is resistant to the common treatment of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 590.
Rapid treatment of acute HCV infection prevents progression
Authors: Deborah Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Rapid treatment of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with interferon may prevent progression to chronic infection, a new study has said.

The results of a pilot study were so impressive that the paper describing them has been released early by the New England Journal of Medicine . The article, scheduled for paper publication on 15 November, is accessible at www.nejm.org.

The research was financed by the pharmaceutical company that manufactures interferon, Essex-Pharma of Munich, Germany.

Drs Elmar Jaeckel, Michael Manns, and colleagues from the Medizinische Hochschule of Hannover, Germany, in association with Teresa Santantonio and Giuseppe Pastore from the infective diseases division of the University of Bari, Italy, enrolled 44 patients with early hepatitis C …
865-3 Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation by simvastatin is potentiated by combination with L-arginine in patients with elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine levels
Authors: Gerhild I Boger, Renke Maas, Edzard Schwedhelm, Anneke Bierend, Ralf Benndorf, Mariola Kastner, Anna Steenpaß, Rainer H Boger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R
Authors: Paul Sheppard, Wayne Kindsvogel, Wenfeng Xu, Katherine Henderson, Stacy Schlutsmeyer, Theodore E. Whitmore, Rolf Kuestner, Ursula Garrigues, Carl Birks, Jenny Roraback, Craig Ostrander, Dennis Dong, Jinu Shin, Scott Presnell, Brian Fox, Betty Haldeman, Emily Cooper, David Taft, Teresa Gilbert, Francis J. Grant, Monica Tackett, William Krivan, Gary McKnight, Chris Clegg, Don Foster, Kevin M. Klucher
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
Endoscopic Surveillance of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: M. Barthet, G. Gay, D. Sautereau, T. Ponchon, B. Napoleo, J. Boyer, J. M. Canard, P. Dalbies, J. Escourrou, M. Greff, J. Lapuelle, J. C. Letard, B. Marchetti, L. Palazzo, J. F. Rey
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative rectocolitis and Crohn’s disease are a major public health problem. The incidence of ulcerative rectocolitis (UC), which has remained stable since the early eighties, is around 10 per 100 000 inhabitants [1]. Crohn’s disease (CD) appears to be on the increase, with a global incidence of 5.6 / 100 000 [1]. These diseases are associated with a risk of digestive cancer, which justifies regular endoscopic surveillance. Unfortunately, there is no properly-defined code for such surveillance, which is performed on an empirical basis.
<i>TFDP1, CUL4A,</i> and <i>CDC16</i> identified as targets for amplification at 13q34 in hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Kohichiroh Yasui, Shigeki Arii, Chen Zhao, Issei Imoto, Masakazu Ueda, Hisaki Nagai, Mitsuru Emi, Johji Inazawa
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

We carried out molecular cytogenetic characterization of 11 cell lines derived from hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and 51 primary HCCs. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed frequent amplification at 13q34, where we had detected amplification in several other types of tumor, including esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESC). Previously, we suggested possible involvement of TFDP1, encoding a transcription factor DP-1, in the 13q34 amplification observed in a primary ESC. Therefore, we investigated amplifications and expression levels of 5 genes mapped on the amplified region, including TFDP1, for exploring amplification targets at 13q34 in HCCs. 3 of those genes, TFDP1, CUL4A (cullin 4A), and CDC16 (cell division cycle 16), showed distinct amplification and consequent over-expression in some cell lines. Moreover, each was amplified in 3 or 4 of the 51 primary HCCs, and all 3 were amplified in 2 tumors, in which their expression patterns correlated with amplification patterns. To elucidate the functional role of TFDP1 in HCC, we examined expression levels of genes downstream of TFDP1 with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of cyclin E gene ( CCNE1 ) correlated closely with that of TFDP1 in not only cell lines, but also primary tumors. Treatment of HCC cells with the antisense oligonucleotide targeting TFDP1 resulted in down-regulation of CCNE1, suggesting that TFDP1 overexpression led to up-regulation of CCNE1 that encoded a positive regulator for cell cycle G1/S transition. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TFDP1, CUL4A, and CDC16 are probable targets of an amplification mechanism and therefore may be involved, together or separately, in development and/or progression of some HCCs.
Iron, haemochromatosis and thalassaemia as risk factors for fibrosis in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: M. Thursz
Journal: Gut (2007)

Iron depletion is required in patients with HCV and iron overload to retard liver fibrosis

Excess iron is an important cause of liver damage. Aerobic metabolism generates oxygen species as a by-product of the reduction of O2 but these are generally of low reactivity. The presence of transition metal ions such as iron (Fe2+) catalyses the generation of highly reactive oxygen species, the most important of which is the hydroxyl radical (•OH).

Fe2++H2O2→Fe3++–OH+•OH

H2O2+O2-•–(Fe)→–OH+•OH+O2

The hydroxyl radical causes oxidation of lipids, lipoproteins, proteins, DNA and carbohydrates leading to injury to the cell membranes and genomic damage. Mitochondrial cell membranes are particularly susceptible to iron-catalysed, hydroxyl-mediated damage.1 Reactive oxygen species may also activate hepatic stellate cells and stimulate transformation into the collagen-producing myofibroblast phenotype associated with hepatic fibrosis2

The presence of excess iron in the liver in the absence of other aetiologies of liver damage may not be sufficient to cause liver disease. However, excess liver iron is now clearly recognised as a cofactor for the development of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and alcohol-related liver disease.3–8

There is enormous variation in the rate at which fibrosis develops and the time taken for cirrhosis or decompensated liver disease to occur among patients with chronic HCV infection.9,10 Certain factors influencing the progression of disease have been identified through cross-sectional and cohort studies so that some of this variation in …
Some Psychiatric and Social Aspects of the Defense-Shelter Program
Authors: P. Herbert Leiderman, Jack H. Mendelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DURING the past year a great deal of attention has been given to problems concerning the design, construction and utilization of shelters for protection against radioactive fallout. Although many opinions have been volunteered by both Government officials and laymen the overall effect has been to raise many new questions rather than to provide definitive answers for existing ones.In this paper we shall attempt to bring our clinical and research experience to bear on some of the psychologic and social aspects of the current defense-shelter program to help our colleagues to advise their patients and plan for their own and . . .
Vaginal Function in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Wulf H. Utian
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Technically, Semmens and Wagner (1982;248:445) are incorrect in stating that there has been no physiological study of the effects of menopause on female sexual (vaginal) function. Undoubtedly, the true physiological test of the vagina is its sexual function, and this aspect has indeed been studied.  One major study into the effect of hysterectomy, oophorectomy, and estrogen therapy on libido evaluated the conditions of 85 women divided into seven groups, depending on the status of their ovarian function and the presence or absence of a uterus. While the most substantial finding of this study was the high incidence of decreased or absent libido in all groups of patients having undergone a hysterectomy, irrespective of whether the ovaries had been conserved or not, the lack of value of estrogen replacement therapy was also striking. This was a surprising finding in view of the proved mental tonic effect of exogenous
A complete theory of empathy must consider stage changes
Authors: Michael Lamport Commons, Chester Arnold Wolfsont
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

A sequential, hierarchical stage model of empathy can account for a comprehensive range of empathic behaviors. We provide an illustrative table, “Stages of Empathy,” to demonstrate how increasingly complex empathic behaviors emerge at each stage, beginning with the infant's “automatic empathy” and ending with the advanced adult's “coconstruction of empathetic reality.”
Clash of Definitions: Controversies About Conscience in Medicine
Authors: Ryan E. Lawrence, Farr A. Curlin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Abstract What role should the physician's conscience play in the practice of medicine? Much controversy has surrounded the question, yet little attention has been paid to the possibility that disputants are operating with contrasting definitions of the conscience. To illustrate this divergence, we contrast definitions stemming from Abrahamic religions and those stemming from secular moral tradition. Clear differences emerge regarding what the term conscience conveys, how the conscience should be informed, and what the consequences are for violating one's conscience. Importantly, these basic disagreements underlie current controversies regarding the role of the clinician's conscience in the practice of medicine. Consequently participants in ongoing debates would do well to specify their definitions of the conscience and the reasons for and implications of those definitions. This specification would allow participants to advance a more philosophically and theologically robust conversation about the means and ends of medicine. Keywords: conscienceethicsreligionphilosophyIslamJudaismChristianity ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors' work on this article was supported by a grant, "Variance on the Margins of Religion and Medicine," from the Greenwall Foundation, New York, NY.
Food Poisoning Following Consumption of Clenbuterol-Treated Veal in Italy-Reply
Authors: Linda Tollefson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This episode of food poisoning by clenbuterol residues in veal in Italy is unusual in that clinical symptoms appeared after consumption of nonorgan meat during a meal (approximately 100 g). Clenbuterol residues concentrate in the liver of animals fed the β-agonist, and most previous reported poisoning episodes in Europe have been associated with consumption of beef liver. 1-4   Clenbuterol is not approved in the United States for use in food-producing animals. However, in June 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) together with the US Customs Service, the US Department of Agriculture, and the US Department of Justice, successfully prosecuted the Vitek Supply Corporation on 12 felony counts stemming from a scheme to smuggle and distribute unapproved animal drugs for use in veal calves in the United States. 5 The unapproved drugs included clenbuterol. The FDA also has undertaken several efforts to prevent the illegal use of clenbuterol to increase
Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: John P. Hayslett
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The bibliophile interested in publications concerned with the kidney and related matters has recently been offered an astonishing assortment of multiauthored books for his collection. Indeed, since the growth of editorship and authorship has seemed to exceed the rate at which new information has been added to this field, it may be fair to ask whether any new book can make a significant contribution to the archives of nephrology. Nevertheless, the series of texts entitled<i>Contemporary Issues in Nephrology</i>, edited by Brenner and Stein, have provided a useful and readable review of clinical topics. Each text, of monograph size, generally has centered on a single topic that is discussed in a comprehensive manner by experts in the area of interest. <i>Chronic Renal Failure</i>, the seventh volume in the series, is an eclectic group of essays on subjects related to renal failure. The contents include a review of the adaptation in
Aberrantly differentiated cells in benign pilomatrixoma reflect the normal hair follicle: immunohistochemical analysis of Ca2+-binding S100A2, S100A3 and S100A6 proteins
Authors: K. Kizawa, M. Toyoda, M. Ito, M. Morohashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Pilomatrixoma is a common benign cutaneous tumour containing differentiated hair matrix cells. This tumour is mainly composed of basophilic, transitional, shadow and squamoid cells. Although some S100 proteins are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the hair follicle (e.g. S100A2 in the outer root sheath, S100A3 in the cortex and cuticle, and S100A6 in the inner root sheath), little information is available concerning their distribution in the aberrantly differentiated tissues of pilomatrixoma.To characterize the disordered epithelial elements of pilomatrixoma by localizing S100A2, S100A3 and S100A6 proteins.Immunohistochemistry and dual-immunofluorescence microscopy were performed on 22 pilomatrixoma specimens using antibodies specific to the three proteins.Tissue-specific distribution of the S100 proteins investigated was preserved in the morphologically disordered tumour tissues. Anti-S100A2 antibody stained squamoid cells and putative outer root sheath cells; basophilic and potential hair matrix cells were occasionally stained. S100A3 staining was found in transitional cells and putative cortical cells, and was strong in both dispersed cells and hair-like structures surrounding cells which were presumably cuticular cells. Anti-S100A6 antibody labelled some S100A3-negative transitional cell strands, potentially inner root sheath cells.The epithelial elements of pilomatrixoma can be characterized using S100 proteins as biochemical markers. Our results show that pilomatrixomas retain a certain degree of differentiation indicative of distinct hair-forming cells.
Rheumatoid arthritis in population samples in Iraq.
Authors: Z S Al-Rawi, A J Alazzawi, F M Alajili, R Alwakil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A prevalence survey for rheumatoid arthritis was carried out during the summer of 1975 in persons aged 16 years and over in areas of Iraq representative of differences in geography and ethnicity. Definite rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 1% of the 6999 individuals studied, but differences in occurrence rates in relation to various associated characteristics were not detected. It is concluded that present rheumatological services in Iraq have not developed in response to the magnitude of the existing burden. Morning stiffness was reported fairly frequently by individuals without rheumatoid arthritis, but the significance of this observation is not easy to determine. Raynaud's phenomenon was also recorded, but comparative evaluation of the findings is not possible.
Serum haptoglobin in liver disease
Authors: R. Williams, B. E. Speyer, B. H. Billing
Journal: Gut (1961)

Serum haptoglobin levels have been measured in 115 cases of widely differing liver disease. Although low levels were found in some cases of cirrhosis and a number of patients with obstructive jaundice had increased levels, 70% of the values fell within the normal range. The estimation was of no help in distinguishing between intra- and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. A characteristic pattern was observed in infective hepatitis, and a falling serum haptoglobin in the presence of increasing jaundice is diagnostic of the latter condition. The cause of these changes is uncertain. Low levels could not be accounted for by increased red cell breakdown and there was no correlation with the serum albumin level. Prednisolone therapy produced a rise in serum haptoglobin level in cirrhosis, which was accompanied by an improvement in liver function. Temporary rises in level were observed in intrahepatic obstructive jaundice and were probably due to a non-specific effect of prednisolone. In the latter condition norethandrolone therapy was often associated with high levels.
Comparing health inequality in men and women: prospective study of mortality 1986-96
Authors: A. Sacker
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To study prospectively the differences in health inequality in men and women from 1986-96 using the Office for National Statistics9 longitudinal study and new socioeconomic classification.To assess the relative importance of social class (based on employment characteristics) and social position according to the general social advantage of the household to mortality risk in men and women. <b>Design:</b> Prospective study. <b>Setting:</b> England and Wales. <b>Subjects:</b> Men and women of working age at the time of the 1981 census, with a recorded occupation. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Mortality. <b>Results:</b> In men, social class based on employment relations, measured according to the Office for National Statistics9 socioeconomic classification, was the most important influence on mortality. In women, social class based on individual employment relations and conditions showed only a weak gradient. Large differences in risk of mortality in women were found,however, when social position was measured according to the general social advantage in the household. <b>Conclusions:</b> Comparisons of the extent of health inequality in men and women are affected by the measures of social inequality used. For women, even those in paid work,classifications based on characteristics of the employment situation may give a considerable underestimate. The Office for National Statistics9 new measure of socioeconomic position is useful for assessing health inequality in men, but in women a more important predictor of mortality is inequality in general social advantage of the household.