tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1157: MicroRNA-625-3p is associated with response to first-line oxaliplatin-based treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mads H. Rasmussen, Niels F. Jensen, Line S. Tarpgaard, Camilla Qvortrup, Maria U. Rømer, Jan Stenvang, Tine P. Hansen, Lise-Lotte Christensen, Jan Lindebjerg, Flemming Hansen, Benny V. Jensen, Torben F. Hansen, Anders M. Jakobsen, Per Pfeiffer, Nils Brünner, Torben F. Ørntoft, Claus L. Andersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The backbone of current oncologic treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) consists of fluoropyrimidine together with either oxaliplatin (XELOX/FOLFOX) or irinotecan (XELIRI/FOLFIRI). With an overall objective response rate of approximately 50% for either treatment combination, a major unsolved problem is that no predictors of response to these treatments currently are available. To address this issue, we profiled 742 microRNAs in laser-capture microdissected cancer cells from responding and non-responding patients receiving XELOX/FOLFOX as first-line treatment for mCRC, and identified, among others, high expression of miR-625-3p, miR-181b and miR-27b to be associated with poor clinical response. In a validation cohort of 98 mCRC patients treated first-line with XELOX, high expression of miR-625-3p was confirmed to be associated with poor response (OR 6.25, 95%CIOR [1.8; 21.0]). Independent analyses showed that miR-625-3p was not dysregulated between normal and cancer samples, nor was its expression associated with recurrence of stage II or III disease, indicating that miR-625-3p solely is a response marker. Finally, we also found that these miRNAs are up-regulated in oxaliplatin resistant HCT116/oxPt (miR-625-3p, miR-181b and miR-27b) and LoVo/oxPt (miR-181b) CRC cell lines as compared with their isogenic parental cells. Altogether, our results suggest an association between miR-625-3p and response to first-line oxaliplatin based chemotherapy of mCRC. Citation Format: Mads H. Rasmussen, Niels F. Jensen, Line S. Tarpgaard, Camilla Qvortrup, Maria U. Rømer, Jan Stenvang, Tine P. Hansen, Lise-Lotte Christensen, Jan Lindebjerg, Flemming Hansen, Benny V. Jensen, Torben F. Hansen, Anders M. Jakobsen, Per Pfeiffer, Nils Brünner, Torben F. Ørntoft, Claus L. Andersen. MicroRNA-625-3p is associated with response to first-line oxaliplatin-based treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1157. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1157
Superhydrophobic Materials: Triggered Drug Release from Superhydrophobic Meshes using High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 9/2013)
Authors: Stefan T. Yohe, Jonathan A. Kopechek, Tyrone M. Porter, Yolonda L. Colson, Mark W. Grinstaff
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

On page 1204, Mark W. Grinstaff and co-workers report the triggered release of drug from an electrospun superhydrophobic mesh using ultrasound, by displacing an entrapped air layer. The air layer within the superhydrophobic meshes is characterized using direct visualization and B-mode imaging. Drug-loaded superhydrophobic meshes are cytotoxic in an in vitro assay after ultrasound treatment.
Health of the Nation — Coverage for All Americans
Authors: Charles D. Baker, Arthur Caplan, Karen Davis, Susan Dentzer, Arnold M. Epstein, Bill Frist, Robert S. Galvin, Ruben J. King-Shaw, Thomas H. Lee, Jonathan B. Oberlander, Sara Rosenbaum, Steven A. Schroeder, Reed V. Tuckson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

On May 10, 2008, the Journal and the Massachusetts Medical Society brought together 13 panelists — physicians, academics, and business, insurance, and political leaders — for a seminar on U.S. health policy and health coverage. In a discussion moderated by Arthur R. Miller, J.D., of the New York University School of Law, the participants identified important challenges to the U.S. health care system and debated possible solutions.The group addressed the dissatisfaction among physicians in general and primary care providers in particular and considered its relationship to a reimbursement system that rewards high-tech procedures rather than cognitive work and time . . .
C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 positive macrophages activate hepatic stellate cells and promote liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Po-sung Chu, Nobuhiro Nakamoto, Hirotoshi Ebinuma, Shingo Usui, Keita Saeki, Atsuhiro Matsumoto, Yohei Mikami, Kazuo Sugiyama, Kengo Tomita, Takanori Kanai, Hidetsugu Saito, Toshifumi Hibi
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Chemokine receptors mediate migration of immune cells into the liver, thereby promoting liver inflammation. C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 9 + macrophages are crucial in the pathogenesis of acute liver inflammation, but the role and underlying mechanisms of this macrophage subset in chronic liver injury and subsequent liver fibrosis are not fully understood. We confirmed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-producing CCR9 + macrophages accumulated during the initiation of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced liver injury, and CCR9 deficiency attenuated the degree of liver damage. Accumulation of CCR9 + macrophages persisted prominently during the process of liver fibrosis induced by repetitive CCl 4 or thioacetamide (TAA)/leptin administration. Increased CCR9 expression was also found on activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Importantly, experimental liver fibrosis was significantly ameliorated in CCR9 −/− mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, assessed by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunostain, Sirius red staining, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of α- SMA, collagen 1α1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 . Accumulated CD11b + macrophages in CCl 4 -treated WT mice showed marked increases in TNF, NO synthase-2 , and TGF-β1 mRNA expression compared with CCR9 −/− mice, implying proinflammatory and profibrogenic properties. Hepatic CD11b + macrophages from CCl 4 -treated WT mice (i.e., CCR9 + macrophages), but not CD8 + T lymphocytes or non-CD11b + cells, significantly activated HSCs in vitro compared with those from CCR9 −/− mice. TNF-α or TGF-β1 antagonism attenuated CCR9 + macrophage-induced HSC activation. Furthermore, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 25 mediated migration and, to a lesser extent, activation of HSCs in vitro . Conclusion : Accumulated CD11b + macrophages are critical for activating HSCs through the CCR9/CCL25 axis and therefore promote liver fibrosis. CCR9 antagonism might be a novel therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;)
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH THE VIRUS OF INFLUENZA
Authors: Thomas Francis, T. P. Magill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

Following infection with the virus of influenza, both ferrets and mice develop a state of active immunity to reinfection. The serum of these animals contains neutralizing antibodies, as evidenced by the capacity of the serum to confer passive protection to mice against infection with the P.R.8 and Phila. strains of the virus of human influenza. Rabbits which are apparently insusceptible to infection with the virus of influenza produce specific antibodies in response to repeated injection of virus-containing material. The serum of immunized rabbits affords passive protection to mice against mouse-virulent virus. Although the subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection of the living virus does not produce infection in mice, animals so treated acquire active immunity against subsequent infection by the intranasal route. Neutralization tests with the serum of patients before and after recovery from influenza, pneumonia and the common cold indicate that neutralizing antibodies arise as a specific response to infection with the virus of influenza. The immunological identity of strains of influenza virus recovered from human sources has been established, and the possible existence of strains of related, but not identical, antigenic structure is discussed.
National Health Insurance: What Kind and How Much
Authors: Robert D. Eilers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Abstract The major forces behind the movement for national health insurance — health care costs, suboptimal mortality and morbidity levels, dissatisfaction with health care delivery and limitations of private insurance — must be considered in the development of criteria for evaluating national health insurance proposals. Although financial accessibility to health care for all citizens is a necessary criterion, the acceptability of health delivery arrangements to individual consumers is of equal importance. A reorientation of health delivery, emphasizing efficiency by imposing upon physicians both financial accountability and opportunities to share in cost savings, is a vital ingredient for any proposal. Also, to be acceptable, a proposal must articulate a comprehensive plan for phasing in the program over a period of possibly a decade. Other objectives are minimization of governmental regulation, consumer participation in cost, and maintenance of quality of care.
HLX1 gene variants influence the development of childhood asthma
Authors: Kathrin Suttner, Isabell Ruoss, Philip Rosenstiel, Martin Depner, Leonardo A. Pinto, Michaela Schedel, Jerzy Adamski, Thomas Illig, Stefan Schreiber, Erika von Mutius, Michael Kabesch
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
The Harvard Medical School Bicentennial
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Two hundred years ago next month, the Corporation of Harvard College, which by then was already 146 years old, approved a plan to offer courses of instruction in medicine. A faculty was appointed, and in the autumn of 1783 medical lectures commenced in Cambridge.At the time there was only one other functioning medical school in the country, the medical department of the College of Philadelphia, which had started in 1765. A second school, part of Kings College in New York, had opened in 1768, but it was shut down during the Revolution and did not open again until 1792. . . .
Spinal Cord Compression from Epidural Metastases
Authors: T N Byrne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

EPIDURAL spinal cord compression from metastases is among the most dreaded complications of cancer; it occurs in 5 percent of patients who die of cancer1 2 3 (approximately 20,000 patients a year in the United States). If untreated, metastatic epidural compression inexorably progresses, causing paralysis, sensory loss, and sphincter incontinence. Since the most important single factor determining prognosis is the level of neurologic function at the beginning of therapy,4 5 6 7 the daunting clinical challenge is to diagnose the condition and begin treatment before neurologic injury occurs.Metastases to the spine, which are far more common than primary spinal neoplasms, are classified as epidural, . . .
Regulation of Sodium and Potassium Transport in Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Human Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: George B. Segel, William Simon, Marshall A. Lichtman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A treatment of lymphocytes causes an increase in membrane permeability so that the leak rates of Na and K increase 1.5- to 2-fold. Active Na and K transport increase proportionately in response to the increased membrane permeability. We have examined the role of lymphocyte Na concentration in sustaining the increased Na and K transport observed after PHA treatment. Cell Na concentration increases from 14.8 to 20.5 mmol/liter cell water in PHA-treated lymphocytes (P < 0.001). Four lines of evidence suggest that the 5-6 mmol/liter cell water increase in lymphocyte Na accounts for the increase in active Na and K transport in mitogen-treated lymphocytes. First, PHA does not increase directly the maximal Na, K-ATPase activity of isolated lymphocyte membrane vesicles. Second, when the Na concentration is increased by 6 mmol/liter cell water in unstimulated lymphocytes, Na and K transport increase nearly twofold. Third, the cell Na concentration (15 mmol/liter cell water) is near the K(m) for Na activation of the Na, K-ATPase in lymphocyte membranes. The ATPase activity thus, is capable of increasing as the cell Na rises above normal. Fourth, if lymphocytes are incubated in a medium containing a low Na concentration, K transport does not maintain the internal K concentration and the fall in cell K is accentuated in PHA-treated lymphocytes. These studies indicate that the adaptive acceleration of Na and K transport in mitogen-treated lymphocytes is mediated by a small increase in cell Na.
A Visual Pigment Expressed in Both Rod and Cone Photoreceptors
Authors: Jian-xing Ma, Sergey Znoiko, Kashelle L. Othersen, James C. Ryan, Joydip Das, Tomoki Isayama, Masahiro Kono, Daniel D. Oprian, D.Wesley Corson, M.Carter Cornwall, David A. Cameron, Ferenc I. Harosi, Clint L. Makino, Rosalie K. Crouch
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Brain Tax: Estimating the Population-Level Impact of Environmental Chemicals on IQ Scores
Authors: Wendee Holtcamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Estimating the Population-Level Impact of Environmental Chemicals on IQ ScoresMany studies report the impact of various environmental chemicals on children's neurological development as "clinically insignificant."But this designation, which describes the individual child, does not always reflect the broader implications of exposure for the overall population-i.e., that a mild but frequent impact could add up to a substantial population-level burden.A new analysis establishes priorities for reducing adverse neurodevelopmental impacts for U.S. children aged 5 years and younger [EHP 120(4):501-507; Bellinger].The author assessed the population impact of various risk factors, including exposure to environmental chemicals, on Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores.FSIQ values are a useful measure for such an assessment because past studies have shown that these scores correspond to work productivity and associated lifetime earnings.FSIQ declines therefore can be used to estimate economic consequences for various risk factors.The data necessary for such an analysis, including information on both prevalence of exposure and effects, were available for only 3 environmental chemicals: lead, methylmercury, and organophosphate pesticides.The loss in FSIQ points was also calculated for a variety of medical conditions, neurodevelopmental disorders, traumatic brain injury, failure to thrive as a result of neglect and abuse, and iron defici ency.Loss of IQ points attributable to each risk factor
Abstract 2680: Improved imaging of orthotopic BxPC3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenograft using animal PET/CT.
Authors: Johanna M. Tuomela, Jani Seppänen, Laura Haavisto, Sarita Fosrback, Tero Vahlberg, Olof Solin, Merja Haaparanta
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is difficult because the location of the lesion is often unknown. 6-[18F]fluoro-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA) is used for imaging of neuroendocrine tumours, which take up and decarboxylate amine precursors. [18F]FDOPA use in diagnostic pancreatic imaging has increased, since the exocrine pancreas synthesises dopamine. We studied the uptake of [18F]FDOPA in healthy and diseased pancreas. Mice bearing orthotopic BxPC3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma and sham-operated controls were pre-treated with enzyme inhibitors of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) or combinations of these inhibitors. Mice were injected with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) or [18F]FDOPA and scanned via positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The absolute [18F]FDOPA uptake was determined from selected tissues using a well counter. The intratumoural biodistribution pattern of [18F]FDOPA was recorded autoradiographically. The main FDOPA metabolites present in pancreatic samples were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. [18F]FDG uptake was high in pancreatic tumours, while [18F]FDOPA uptake was highest in healthy pancreas and significantly lower in tumour-bearing pancreas, independent of pre-treatment. [18F]FDOPA uptake in pancreas was lowest with vehicle pre-treatment and highest with pre-treatment with the inhibitor of AADC. When mice received COMT+MAO-A inhibitors, uptake was high in healthy pancreas but low in tumour-bearing pancreas. Unequal uptake may be due to blockade of metabolism and increased availability of [18F]fluorodopamine due to the employed enzyme inhibitors. Combined use of [18F]FDG and [18F]FDOPA is suitable for imaging pancreatic tumours. Pre-treatment with COMT+MAO-A inhibitors improved the differentiation of pancreas from surrounding tissue and healthy pancreas from tumour. Citation Format: Johanna M. Tuomela, Jani Seppänen, Laura Haavisto, Sarita Fosrback, Tero Vahlberg, Olof Solin, Merja Haaparanta. Improved imaging of orthotopic BxPC3 pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenograft using animal PET/CT. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2680. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2680
TRENCH NEPHRITIS: A RECORD OF FIVE CASES
Authors: N. Raw
Journal: BMJ (1915)

there appeared a short description of what was called a new disease occurring amongst soldiers wlho had been for a considerable time in the trenches.Certainly from my own clinical hospital experience I had not met with suclh a symptom-complex, and as the etiology of this condition has up to tlle present remained uncertain, a careful record of cases is desirable. CASE I.A soldier, aged 33, was sent down from the front suffering from acute nephritis.He had been in the trenches for seven weeks, and had often been up to his waist in water.He stated that the onset was sudden, and that he first noticed a feeling of chilliness and swelling of face and feet.The urinary changes
Hepatic-Specific Disruption of SIRT6 in Mice Results in Fatty Liver Formation Due to Enhanced Glycolysis and Triglyceride Synthesis
Authors: Hyun-Seok Kim, Cuiying Xiao, Rui-Hong Wang, Tyler Lahusen, Xiaoling Xu, Athanassios Vassilopoulos, Guelaguetza Vazquez-Ortiz, Won-Il Jeong, Ogyi Park, Sung Hwan Ki, Bin Gao, Chu-Xia Deng
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
Abdominal pain with free peritoneal fluid detected by ultrasonography as a presenting manifestation of acute rheumatic fever.
Authors: E Picard, A Gedalia, P Benmeir, N Zucker, Y Barki
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The clinical and laboratory data for an 8 year old girl with abdominal pain as a presenting manifestation of acute rheumatic fever are reported. An abdominal investigation with ultrasonography carried out at the same time showed free peritoneal fluid. These findings support the proposal that the abdominal pain classically described in acute rheumatic fever is one of the manifestations of the inflammatory process. It is suggested that in patients with abdominal pain, fever, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate in whom the diagnosis is not clear, an abdominal investigation with ultrasonography could be helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis.
Eye Drops and Diarrhea
Authors: H. David Markman, Philip Rosenberg, Wolf-D. Dettbarn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ECHOTHIOPHATE iodide (Phospholine iodide) is administered as eye drops principally for the control of intraocular pressure in glaucoma. When introduced into the conjunctival sac, it produces an intense and prolonged miosis. It is a long acting parasympathomimetic (cholinergic) agent owing to its potent inhibition of cholinesterase.1 In addition to the local effect in the eye, there is systemic absorption, which is sufficient to produce a measurable decrease in the acetylcholinesterase activity of the red blood cells.2 3 4 Although symptoms resulting from systemic absorption are unusual the effects of cholinergic stimulation such as diarrhea, intestinal cramps, vomiting and paresthesia have been reported. . . .
Myeloid Toxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Pegfilgrastim Support
Authors: Antonio C. Wolff, Richard J. Jones, Nancy E. Davidson, Stacie C. Jeter, Vered Stearns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

In the discussion of the article by Hutchins et al 1 it is stated that both the hazard ratios for disease-free survival and overall survival show a narrow advantage for cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil that was not as strong as had been hypothesized.Furthermore, it was stated that the two-sided statistical test was not statistically significant.Later in the discussion, it is stated that the benefit seen in hormone receptor-positive patients was dramatic.It is clear that the disease-free survival is 6% different in favor of tamoxifen in the hormone receptor-positive patients, but this difference appears to be largely due to a reduction in opposite breast recurrences.Moreover, the difference in overall survival is exactly the same as the difference between cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil, which is 82% with no tamoxifen versus 85% with tamoxifen.There was a one-sided P test, which was significant, but there is no discussion of the two-sided P test.In fact, it appears that if you treat hormonepositive, node-negative breast cancer with chemotherapy the effect of tamoxifen on survival is minimal.
Avoid delaying surgery in patients with severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Neil J Smart
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Where next for China?Rising inequalities in health and wealth are biggest challenge Editor-I write with reference to the editorial by Liu. 1 Life expectancy in China doubled from 35 to 71 years between 1949 and 2001. 2 China's human development index has been rising steadily, and it ranked 85th among countries with an index of 0.755 in 2003. 2According to China's human development report, the national Gini coefficient for income distribution rose to 0.45 in 2002 from 0.3 in 1982. 2 The average income of the highest income tenth is 11 times that of the lowest tenth? 2Disparities in health indicators between urban and rural areas are widening.Life expectancy is 75.2 years for urban residents and 69.6 for rural residents. 2The human development index is 0.816 in urban areas and 0.685 in rural areas.Rural infant mortality at 34% and maternal mortality at 61.9 per 100 000 births are nearly double that in urban areas (14% and 33.1/100 000, respectively).Rural areas have only 2.4 medical personnel per 1000 residents, compared with 5.2 per 1000 residents in urban areas.Regional disparities are widespread, with the western regions faring the worst.Life expectancy for rural residents is less than 65 in Tibet, Yunnan, and Guizhou.Maternal mortality is also highest in the western regions.Tibet ranked lowest in terms of life expectancy (65.81 years), literacy (47%), and human development index (0.562). 2 The region has the lowest number of doctors and hospital beds in China.Only 15% of the entire population of China can afford medical insurance. 2Only 2% of rural migrant workers currently have unemployment insurance. 2Coercive public health policies include forced abortions. 3hina's ambitious aim of building a society in which people are not rich but have adequate food, clothing, and basic necessities for a decent life 2 will require addressing these widening disparities, prioritising health opportunities for all, and acknowledging the inherent, instrumental and constructive 4 roles of freedom in achieving these goals.