tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypervariability of Ascidian Mitochondrial Gene Order: Exposing the Myth of Deuterostome Organelle Genome Stability
Authors: Carmela Gissi, Graziano Pesole, Francesco Mastrototaro, Fabio Iannelli, Vanessa Guida, Francesca Griggio
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The few sequenced mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the class Ascidiacea (Chordata, Tunicata), mostly belonging to congeneric species of the Phlebobranchia order, show extraordinary gene order rearrangements. In order to assess if this hypervariability in gene order is a general feature of Ascidiacea, we report here the gene arrangement of five ascidians belonging to the Aplousobranchia and Stolidobranchia orders. Our data show that Ascidiacea are characterized by: 1) extensive gene order rearrangements both within and between the three major lineages; 2) lack of significant similarities to the gene order of other deuterostomes; and 3) an extent of rearrangements comparable with that of Mollusca (especially the Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Scaphopoda classes), a phylum with highly rearranged mtDNAs. The only conserved feature is the location of all genes on the same strand, which suggests that selective constraints are related to the mt transcription. Finally, a higher mobility of the tRNA genes is undetectable because of saturation effect, and only the partially conserved cox2–cob gene block seems to retain some phylogenetic signals.
Postal services prop up illegal drug trade
Authors: Grainger Laffan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Drug control experts are warning that conventional mail systems are inadvertently becoming key drug smuggling networks. Hamid Ghodse, the president of the International Narcotics Control Board, launched the board's 2005 report this week and said, “It is estimated that 10 million packages containing illegal drugs passes through the United States' international mail system each year.” He added, “That is not counting domestic traffic.”

Professor Ghodse said that the use of methamphetamine, an addictive stimulant drug with limited therapeutic use, “is a pandemic now” and identified online society as a root cause: “The internet is why illicit use of prescription …
Is She a Spoiled Child?
Authors: John H. Vassall
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Christine was 18 months of age and she was always smiling. It was a self-contented smile, interrupted only by laughter, as if she knew something that we didn't.  I was fatigued at having spent most of the night studying for my Board exams. As I sat on the sofa, I tried to muster a threatening voice as Christine climbed over the armrest and into my lap, but I failed.  She's spoiled rotten, I said jokingly, as I let her have her way once again.  We rambled on in conversation with our friends, and through our discussion Christine listened and smiled, self-assured and satisfied. She ran and walked on tiptoe and rolled about on the floor. We talked about her progress, but she didn't seem to care. She had learned to walk earlier than expected and was almost as tall as her older sister. When she chose to speak she said
Evolutionary Transients in the Rice Transcriptome
Authors: Jun Wang, Jianguo Zhang, Ruiqiang Li, Hongkun Zheng, Jun Li, Yong Zhang, Heng Li, Peixiang Ni, Songgang Li, Shengting Li, Jingquiang Wang, Dongyuan Liu, Jason E. McDermott, Ram Samudrala, Siqi Liu, Jian Wang, Huanming Yang, Jun Yu, Gane Ka-Shu Wong
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract In the canonical version of evolution by gene duplication, one copy is kept unaltered while the other is free to evolve. This process of evolutionary experimentation can persist for millions of years. Since it is so short lived in comparison to the lifetime of the core genes that make up the majority of most genomes, a substantial fraction of the genome and the transcriptome may—in principle—be attributable to what we will refer to as “evolutionary transients”, referring here to both the process and the genes that have gone or are undergoing this process. Using the rice gene set as a test case, we argue that this phenomenon goes a long way towards explaining why there are so many more rice genes than Arabidopsis genes, and why most excess rice genes show low similarity to eudicots.
Cardiovascular mortality in Dutch men during 1996 European football championship: longitudinal population study
Authors: D. R Witte, M. L Bots, A. W Hoes, D. E Grobbee
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To investigate whether an important football match increases stress to such an extent that it triggers acute myocardial infarction and stroke.Longitudinal study of mortality around 22 June 1996 (the day the Dutch football team was eliminated from the European football championship). Mortality on 22 June was compared with the five days before and after the match and in the same period in 1995 and 1997.Netherlands.Dutch population aged 45 years or over in June 1996.All cause mortality and mortality due to coronary heart disease and stroke.Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke was increased in men on the day of the match (relative risk 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 2.09). No clear rise in mortality was observed for women (1.11, 0.80 to 1.56). Among men, about 14 excess cardiovascular deaths occurred on the day of the match.Important sporting events may provoke a sufficient level of stress to trigger symptomatic cardiovascular disease. The difference between men and women requires further investigation.
Doctors on Coverage — Physicians' Views on a New Public Insurance Option and Medicare Expansion
Authors: Salomeh Keyhani, Alex Federman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In the past few months, a key point of contention in the health care reform debate has been whether a public health insurance option should be included in the final legislation. Although polls have shown that 52 to 69% of Americans support such an option,1 the views of physicians are unclear. Physicians are critical stakeholders in health care reform and have been influential in shaping health policy throughout the history of organized medicine in the United States.2 The voices of physicians in the current debate have emanated almost exclusively from national physicians' groups and societies. Like any special-interest group, these . . .
PATHOLOGIC BASIS FOR ROENTGENRAY TREATMENT OF TONSIL DISEASE
Authors: W. WARNER WATKINS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Most of the discussions on the subject of the irradiation of tonsils are conspicuous for two things; first, the absence of participation by general practitioners or internists, the people most interested, and second, the almost frantic arguments by laryngologists and surgeons in support of tonsillectomy, these ranging from the naive suggestion that Nature intended the tonsils to be removed because they atrophy later in life, to the statement that the mere presence of streptococci in the tonsillar crypts is sufficient indication for removal, since we never know where these supposedly iniquitous organisms are headed for. The discussions have not tended to clarify the situation in the eyes of the people most concerned; that is, the general practitioners, internists and pediatricians, into whose hands the welfare of the unfortunate possessor of enlarged tonsils first comes. Further, I believe that the work of serious and unbiased workers in radiation and laryngology justifies
Sera from patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis contain antibodies to glomerular heparan sulfate proteoglycan.
Authors: H Fillit, S P Damle, J D Gregory, C Volin, T Poon-King, J Zabriskie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Antibodies, found in human sera from patients with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, against proteoglycans (PG) derived from bovine and human glomeruli were investigated. PG were isolated by 4 M guanidine-HCl extraction of whole glomeruli, followed by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion exchange chromatography. The anionic fractions were further purified by chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. Biochemical analysis of the two resulting peaks revealed the presence of high molecular weight anionic material containing protein, uronic acid, glucosamine, and galactosamine. Enzymatic and chemical susceptibilities indicated the presence of heparan sulfate PG and a galactosamine-containing PG. Immunologic studies revealed the presence of anti-PG antibodies to both PG peaks of the Sepharose CL-4B column in glomerulonephritis sera. Inhibition studies using an ELISA demonstrated that heparan sulfate was a major antigenic determinant. Cross-reactivity with both mammalian and streptococcal hyaluronate was noted. Inhibition studies also indicated the presence of a second antigenic site containing N-acetylgalactosamine, possibly representing chondroitin or dermatan sulfate PG.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Reply
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the comments made by Drs Marshall and Vogele and agree that in some institutions, depending on the expertise of the persons involved, ERCP may be preferable to PTC even in the face of obstructive jaundice. We addressed this issue briefly, alluding to the fact that the choice between these two procedures must be individualized. In addition, we would like to applaud the attempt that Drs Marshall and Vogele have made in keeping the cost of this procedure down.
The Treatment of Ringworm of the Scalp by Thallium Depilation
Authors: G. B. Dowling
Journal: BMJ (1927)

T nzBRITIS n 261 facial lesionls "cleared up, but the scalp lesions were not influenced to any extent; Five cases were greatly im- proved, and one, a case limited to the scalp, remainied un influenced.I am therefore able to record 22 per cent.cures, 66 per celnt.improved, and 11 per cent.uninfluenced.These results do not compare favourably with those reported in Germanv by Martenistein in 1922 (66.5 per cent.cur'es, 14.5 per oent.improved), UTllmann, Fried', and other w-orkers.Schamberg has recently publislhed success up to nearly 50 per cent. in twenty-five cases treated with sodium and gold thiosulplhate (sallocrysin).It is quite possible that my series differs both in their selection as suitable cases and in the relatively small amouints of the drug admin:istered.The str-iking preponiderance of either a tuberculous history (three cases) or a strolngly positive von Pir quet reaction (four cases) in a series of ninie, one of which was niot exariniied from this point of view, lenids considerable support to the theo.ryadvanced by SclLaumanai aind those who favour the tuberculous etiology of lupus erythematosus.Ih conclusion I desire to state that in m1ly opinlioII krysolgan has established itself as a most valuable remedy in the treatment of Iiipus erythematosus, and that if it reallv has a specific action.oni tuberculous foci its effect lends further support to the theory of a tuberculo-Us origin of the disease.
Comparison of the effects of diets rich in stearic acid versus myristic acid and lauric acid on platelet fatty acids and excretion of thromboxane A2 and PGI2 metabolites in healthy young men
Authors: Vikkie A. Mustad, P.M. Kris-Etherton, Janice Derr, C.C. Reddy, Thomas A. Pearson
Journal: Metabolism (1993)
False positive at colon capsule endoscopy or false negative at conventional colonoscopy?
Authors: C. Spada, C. Hassan, M. Riccioni, G. Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Dear Sir, We read the interesting paper by Eliakim et al. [1], reporting for the first time the accuracy with regard to colorectal cancer polyps of the second generation of the PillCam Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) (Given Imaging, Yoqneam, Israel). The authors showed a sensitivity and specificity of 89 % and 76 % for polyps measuring 6 mm or more, and 88 % and 89 % for polyps of 10 mm or more. Although the sensitivity appears to be substantially improved compared to that of the first-generation CCE [2] [3] [4] [5] [6], specificity remains disappointingly low. Considering the low prevalence of significant polyps in a screening setting, this low specificity would result in unnecessary post-CCE colonoscopy in persons with false-positive findings, representing a waste of economic and medical resources. It would also appear quite singular for an endoscopic procedure – with its direct visualization of the gastrointestinal mucosa – to be characterized by suboptimal specificity, when upper and lower conventional endoscopies are usually regarded as having a virtually 100 % specificity.
Diuretics in Hypertension
Authors: HOWARD RUBINOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 September 1973Diuretics in HypertensionHOWARD RUBINOFF, M.D.HOWARD RUBINOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-3-455_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I would appreciate it if Dr. Frohlich could document his suggestion (Ann Intern Med78: 717-723, 1973) that the "loop of Henle" diuretics may be more effective than the thiazides in the management of hypertension in patients with renal functional impairment. I am not aware of any studies substantiating this statement; to the contrary, Dr. Anderson and his colleagues (Q J Med40:541-560, 1971) concluded that the thiazides were twice as effective as "frusemide" (furosemide) in the treatment of hypertension. The loop diuretics are more expensive and potentially more harmful than the thiazides....References1. FROHLICH E: Hemodynamics and functional mechanisms in two renal hypertensions: arterial and pyelonephritis. Am J Med Sci 261:189-195, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BERMANEBRAHIMI LA: Experiences with furosemide in renal disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 118:333-336, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MUTH R: Diuretic properties of furosemide in renal disease. Ann Intern Med 69:249-261, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar4. STASONCANNONHEINEMANN WPH: Furosemide: a clinical evaluation of its diuretic action. Circulation 34:910-920, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MROCZEKDAVIDOVGAVRILOVICH WML: The value of aggressive therapy in the hypertensive patient with azotemia. Circulation 40:893-904, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. DAVIDOVGAVRILOVICHMROCZEK MLW: Relation of extracellular fluid volume to arterial pressure during drug-induced saluresis. Circulation 40:349-355, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: HOWARD RUBINOFF, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1973Volume 79, Issue 3Page: 455-455KeywordsDiureticsHypertension ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Blood-Brain Barrier for Monoamine Precursors After DMSO.
Authors: J. C. de la Torre
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970The Blood-Brain Barrier for Monoamine Precursors After DMSO.J. C. de la Torre, Ph.D.J. C. de la Torre, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-806_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe possibility that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) may facilitate the transport of other drug molecules across the blood-brain barrier (bbb) was studied using 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). These two amino acids are the direct precursors of dopamine and serotonin respectively.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a solution containing 75 mg/kg of L-DOPA and 750 mg/kg of DMSO. A second group of animals were injected with a similar solution containing 100 mg/kg of 5-HTP and 750 mg/kg of DMSO. Control animals received the same doses of L-DOPA and 5-HTP preceded by the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (DCI) Ro 4-4602. All... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 806-806KeywordsAmino acidsBlood-brain barrierDopamineDrugsLevodopaSerotonin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Is DOTS-Plus a Feasible and Cost-Effective Strategy?
Authors: Paul Garner, Marissa Alejandria, Mary Ann Lansang
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is on the increase with several Eastern European countries having a prevalence of more than ten percent. This resistance means that patients may not be cured with standard regimens even if they adhere well to treatment. An MDR-TB programme requires advanced medical care infection control measures counselling and good follow-up as one centre in the Philippines reports in a study published in PLoS Medicine. The DOTS-Plus (directly observed treatment short-course) project is run by the Makati Medical Center supported by the Tropical Disease Foundation. The Center has exceptional management capacity and was one of the first few nongovernmental organizations to be a principal recipient of grants from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (known as the Global Fund). The Center itself provides high-quality tertiary care. Within this setting clinicians from the Makati Medical Center used drug history and sensitivity testing to provide individualised regimens of expensive second-line drugs estimated to cost more than US$1500 per patient. The authors report on a cohort of 171 patients with MDR-TB of whom 117 were enrolled and analysed with 61 percent cured. Indirect outcome data from patients from other countries were then combined with local cost data to estimate the number of premature deaths and secondary cases averted in order to provide an estimate of the mean cost per disability-adjusted life year gained. (excerpt)
VALUE OF HOLODIASTOLIC FLOW REVERSAL IN THE DESCENDING AORTA IN PATIENTS WITH POST-PROCEDUAL AORTIC REGURGITATION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: AN INTRAOPERATIVE TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Hirotsugu Mihara, Kentaro Shibayama, Kenji Harada, Javier Berdejo, Yuji Itabashi, Robert Siegel, Hasan Jilaihawi, Raj Makkar, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
DIAGNOSIS OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: EDWARD H. SMALL
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Pneumonia in children may be divided into two classes: croupous pneumonia and broncho-pneumonia. There has been a number of different names given to these two forms, viz., croupous, lobar and fibrinous pneumonia for the first; and catarrhal, lobular or insular pneumonia, bronchitis, capillary bronchitis and broncho-pneumonia for the second. A great deal of confusion has arisen on account of the various names applied to the second class. "Catarrhal" is not altogether correct, for other tissues than mucous membranes are greatly affected. Indeed, Neimeyer says: "As no mucous membrane with mucous glands exist in the pulmonary vesicles, the name, catarrhal pneumonia, is not quite applicable to the disease in question." The name "lobular" or "insular" pneumonia "should not be used because it neither includes or suggests the bronchial inflammation which is always present." Neither "capillary bronchitis" nor "bronchiolitis" is an exact term, as inflammation of the capillary bronchi is rarely found
Pain in the face.
Authors: A. Green
Journal: BMJ (1968)

psychosomatic diseases " have emotional sensitivity as their common property, and determinable specific sensitivities are found in most of them.The environment does the rest.-Iam, etc., RANYARD WEST.Church Stretton, Salop.Side-effects of Vinca Alkaloids SIR,-The findings by Dr. A. Vladutiu (22 June, p. 764) of acute dilatation of the gut in guinea-pigs receiving intraperitoneal injections of vinblastine is similar to the ex- perience of others working with this drug.Constipation, abdominal distension, and pain, sometimes sufficient to precipitate laparo- tomy, as well as acute urinary retention and loss of salivation, occasionally occur in patients receiving vinblastine,' 2 though the incidence of these complications is far greater in patients receiving the closely related alka- loid, vincristine.'' Prophylactic bulk laxa- tives and other aperients are recommended routinely for patients receiving vincristine.'Smith' found similar acute dilatation of the gut in mice treated with intraperitoneal injections of vinblastine, and moreover demonstrated degenerative changes in the myenteric plexus of the gut both in man and the mouse.This finding is in keeping with the known neurotoxicity of vinblastine, but more particularly of vincristine.'Almost certainly direct damage to the myenteric plexus causes paralysis of the gut.There is no evidence for the true ganglion-blocking action of vinblastine suggested by Dr.
Managing smoking cessation
Authors: T. Coleman, M. Lakhani, A. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Education and debate p 183 

Smoking remains the largest preventable cause of ill health in the United Kingdom, responsible for up to 120000 deaths annually.1 This week's publication of smoking cessation guidelines, both in full2 and in summary form (p 183)3, marks what the NHS can do to fight this epidemic and emphasises that primary healthcare teams are central to this effort. This makes sense: most smokers will be in contact with primary healthcare services throughout their lives, and the potential effect of primary care is large.4

Much could be done to improve the management of smoking cessation in primary care,5 so the guidelines are welcome, and most of their recommendations are sound. It is particularly important that smokers who are motivated to stop are instructed about the correct use of nicotine replacement therapy …
Saying Privacy, Meaning Confidentiality
Authors: Abraham P. Schwab, Lily Frank, Nada Gligorov
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments Our work was funded in part by 1R01HG004856-01 as a component of the Human Microbiome Project, a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund initiative.