tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunology and Cancer
Authors: JOHN R. DURANT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Editorial Notes1 January 1968Immunology and CancerJOHN R. DURANT, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN R. DURANT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-1-252 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe recent excellent conference on leukemia-lymphoma held in Ann Arbor (October 9 to 13, 1967) served again to highlight the complexities in causation of neoplasms. In particular, the discussions of immunologic factors in leukemia-lymphoma by Drs. Osgood, Good, Schwartz, Mellors, and Dameshek emphasized the puzzling role of immunity in oncogenesis. Most physicians readily accept chemicals, viruses, irradiation, and chromosomal damage as oncogenic. It is reasonable to expect immunologic defenses to protect against these influences. However, the observation that thymectomy in mice is protective against leukemo-genesis is most disturbing. Furthermore, the ability of the thymectomized mouse's lymphocytes to develop leukemia is...References1. SCHWARTZBELDOTTI RSL: Malignant lymphomas following allogenic disease: transition from an immunological to a neoplastic disorder. Science 149: 1511, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SCHWARTZ R: Personal communication. Google Scholar3. BIELSCHOWSKYBEILSCHOWSKY MF: Reaction of the reticular tissue of mice with autoimmune hemolytic anemia to 2-amethopterin. Nature (London) 194: 692, 1962. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MELLORS RC: Autoimmune disease in NZB/BI mice. II. Autoimmunity and malignant lymphoma. Blood 27: 435, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DAMESHEK W: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia—an accumulative disease of immunologically incompetent lymphocytes. Blood 29: 566, 1967. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. OLEINICK A: Leukemia or lymphoma occurring subsequent to an autoimmune process. Blood 29: 144, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. JOSEPHTOURTELOTTEBARRYDURANTSMALLEY RRCDWEJRRV: Monoclonal gammopathy with antinuclear characteristics in association with pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, and terminal leukemia (abstract), in Proceedings of the 4th Pan American Congress of Rheumatology. International Congress Series No. 143. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam, 1967, p. 189. Google Scholar8. FIALKOW PJ: 'Immunologic' oncogenesis. Blood 30: 388, 1967. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Skin and Cancer Hospital Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1968Volume 68, Issue 1Page: 252-253KeywordsCancer immunotherapyChromosomesImmunityImmunologyLymphocytesLymphocytic leukemiaThymectomy Issue Published: 1 January 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
End-of-Life Care Discussions in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Pallavi Kumar, Jennifer S. Temel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Article Tools ONCOLOGY GRAND ROUNDS Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2013.49.6562 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print July 29, 2013 PMID: 23897952 End-of-Life Care Discussions in Patients With Advanced Cancer Pallavi KumarxPallavi KumarSearch for articles by this author , Jennifer S. TemelxJennifer S. TemelSearch for articles by this author Show More Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.49.6562 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Widespread Gouty Tophi on 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Lin Qiu, Yue Chen, Zhanwen Huang, Liang Cai, Li Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of worsening polyarticular swelling pain. An 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed to evaluate the extent of a suspected gouty attack and to exclude any unexpected malignancy. The images showed multiple juxta-articular and subcutaneous foci of elevated 18F-FDG activity in both upper and lower extremities, including the hands, elbows, shoulders, hips, knees, ankles, and feet. Diagnosis of an acute, severe gouty attack was eventually made. The patient responded well to antigouty therapy.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Francesco Lapi, Laurent Azoulay, M. Tamim Niazi, Hui Yin, Serge Benayoun, Samy Suissa
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer has been shown to delay the clinical progression of the disease. However, the testosterone suppression associated with this therapy may lead to a hypogonadal condition that can have detrimental effects on renal function, thus raising the hypothesis that ADT-induced hypogonadism could potentially lead to acute kidney injury (AKI).To determine whether the use of ADT is associated with an increased risk of AKI in patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer.A nested case-control analysis using medical information extracted from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the Hospital Episodes Statistics database.Men newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2008, were selected and followed up until December 31, 2009. Cases were patients with incident AKI during follow-up who were randomly matched with up to 20 controls on age, calendar year of prostate cancer diagnosis, and duration of follow-up.Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs of AKI associated with the use of ADT. ADT was categorized into 1 of 6 mutually exclusive groups: gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, oral antiandrogens, combined androgen blockade, bilateral orchiectomy, estrogens, and combination of the above. RESULTS A total of 10,250 patients met the study inclusion criteria. During a mean follow-up of 4.1 (SD, 2.9) years, 232 incident cases of AKI were identified (rate, 5.5/1000 person-years). Overall, current use of any ADT was associated with an increased risk of AKI when compared with never use (OR, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.61-3.82]), generating a rate difference of 4.43/1000 persons per year (95% CI, 1.54-7.33). This association was mainly driven by a combined androgen blockade consisting of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists with oral antiandrogens (OR, 4.50 [95% CI, 2.61-7.78]), estrogens (OR, 4.00 [95% CI, 1.06-15.03]), other combination therapies (OR, 4.04 [95% CI, 1.88-8.69]), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (OR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.20-3.10]).In a cohort of patients with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic prostate cancer, the use of ADT was significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI. These findings require replication in other well-designed studies as well as further investigation of their clinical importance.
Do Cancer Cells Express Functional Erythropoietin Receptors?
Authors: Gregory D. Longmore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

When erythropoietin won market approval in 1988, it was hailed as a wonder drug because of the selectivity of its action and its resulting relative freedom from untoward effects. This selective action was due largely to the restricted expression of its receptor on erythroid progenitors. As is common with "wonder" drugs, however, things turned out not to be quite so simple. Over the ensuing years, functional erythropoietin receptors have been shown to be present on other types of cells, but these findings have had little effect on the therapeutic uses of erythropoietin — although some of them could be advantageous . . .
STUDIES ON ENDEMIC PNEUMONIA OF THE ALBINO RAT
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

Coccobacilliform bodies, pleuropneumonia-like organisms, or other cultivable pathogenic bacteria were not demonstrable in lung and exudate suspensions from selected adult rats naturally infected with endemic pneumonia or from experimentally infected mice. The specific factor in lung suspensions from mice was identified with an agent which was active on dilution through 107. It failed to pass through Berkefeld N filters but was generally present in V filtrates, with a loss in titer up to 1000-fold. It was largely removed from suspension on centrifugation at a speed of 9000 R.P.M. for 30 minutes. Attempts to cultivate the agent in embryonated eggs were uniformly unsuccessful. In fluid suspension it failed to withstand storage at 40°C. for a week but remained viable for at least 3 months in a frozen state under dry ice. The relation of the infective agent to viruses and to pleuropneumonia-like organisms is discussed.
HCV in healthcare workers: a lightning strike
Authors: H C THOMAS
Journal: Gut (2001)

See article on page 116 

In order to plan the control of hepatitis C in our community, both in the general population and in hospitals, we need a clear picture of the prevalence and changing incidence of the infection in the overall population and in various subgroups.

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the UK general population is not well established. Seroprevalence rates in established blood donors are very low (0.002% )1 indicating a low incidence of infection at the present time, after institution of blood screening and an increased general awareness of HCV in the medical community. However, this is a highly selected population and gives no indication of the prevalence in the general population. New blood donors are also selected, being devoid of groups at high risk of acquiring blood transmitted …
Processing of Human Toll-like Receptor 7 by Furin-like Proprotein Convertases Is Required for Its Accumulation and Activity in Endosomes
Authors: Madeleine M. Hipp, Dawn Shepherd, Uzi Gileadi, Michael C. Aichinger, Benedikt M. Kessler, Mariola J. Edelmann, Rachid Essalmani, Nabil G. Seidah, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Vincenzo Cerundolo
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Design and Evaluation by Nitrogen Balance and Blood Aminograms of an Amino Acid Mixture for Total Parenteral Nutrition of Adults with Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: G. H. Anderson, D. G. Patel, K. N. Jeejeebhoy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy of an amino acid mixture formulated for intravenous use from estimates of requirements for essential amino acids of human adults, and from data previously derived from a study using casein hydrolysate as the amino acid source. This mixture contained 39.4% essential amino acids, with glycine, alanine, arginine, histidine, and proline selected to supply the nonessential nitrogen. Nitrogen balance and blood aminograms were measured in six adult patients with gastrointestinal disease, fed intravenously for 1 wk at each of three levels of amino acid intake, while all other nutrients were constant and adequate in relation to body weight. Four of the patients were then fed 1.0 g/kg of egg or meat protein orally for 1 wk at the end of the 3 wk study, while all nutrients other than the amino acids were fed intravenously. Average nitrogen balances of -0.8, 0.5, and 2.2 g/day were observed when the amounts of amino acids infused were 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg, respectively. Fasting levels of threonine, glycine, cystine, methionine, isoleucine, tryptophan, and arginine, but not of the other amino acids, increased with the increment in input, although the levels were generally lower than normal. The increase in blood concentration observed during infusion was similar for each of the essential amino acids, indicating that the supply of each of the amino acids was much better balanced for utilization than casein hydrolysate. However the blood aminograms did suggest that some changes in composition of the mixture for the malnourished adult were desirable, such that the amino acid mixture resembled that needed by the normal growing child. Nitrogen balance in the four patients fed orally with high-quality protein averaged 2.0 g/day, showing that an amino acid mixture given intravenously, provided it is well-balanced, can be utilized as efficiently as protein given orally. It is concluded that the prediction of oral requirements for amino acids should be combined with observations on changes in blood aminograms during infusion over a range of amino acid input in the development of amino acid mixtures for intravenous feeding.
Clinical Relevance of <i>MGMT</i> in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Stanton L. Gerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

ABSTRACT: A number of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents attack the O 6 position on guanine, forming the most potent cytotoxic DNA adducts known. The DNA repair enzyme O 6 -alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AGT), encoded by the gene MGMT, repairs alkylation at this site and is responsible for protecting both tumor and normal cells from these agents. Cells and tissues vary greatly in AGT expression, not only between tissues but also between individuals. AGT activity correlates inversely with sensitivity to agents that form O 6 -alkylguanine DNA adducts, such as carmustine (BCNU), temozolomide, streptozotocin, and dacarbazine. The one exception is those tumors lacking mismatch repair, which renders them resistant to methylating agents. A recent study in patients with gliomas confirmed the correlation between low-level expression of the MGMT gene and response and survival after BCNU. An inhibitor to AGT, O 6 -benzylguanine (BG), depletes AGT in human tumors without associated toxicity and is now in phase II clinical trials. Finally, mutations within the active site region of the MGMT gene render the AGT protein resistant to BG inactivation. As a result, mutant MGMT gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells has been shown to selectively protect the marrow from the combination of an alkylating agent and BG, while at the same time sensitizing tumor cells. MGMT remains a paradigm for development of new agents that modulate known mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells and raise the spectra of combinatorial therapies that encompass known drug resistance mechanisms.
The WHO (Ten) Weil-Being Index: Validation in Diabetes
Authors: P. Bech, C. Gudex, Staehr Johansen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: In a European trial in 8 countries, the subjective well-being of patients on alternative forms of treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes was compared using the 28-item WHO Well-Being Questionnaire, covering four dimensions of depression, anxiety, energy and positive well-being. The objective of the analysis reported here has been to identify the items of the WHO questionnaire which belong to an overall index of negative and positive well-being. Methods: Adult patients at 10 study centres in 8 countries who had been on insulin for at least 2 years were invited to participate in a randomised, cross-over trial to compare insulin pump treatment with injection therapy. At each phase, patients completed questions on well-being and general health. Internal validity of the well-being index was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha and Loevinger’s and Mokken’s homogeneity coefficients, as well as factor analysis. External validity was evaluated by comparisons with results of the general assessment questions and by the ability to discriminate between the alternative forms of treatment. Results: 358 patients had sufficient data for analysis. Ten items were found to constitute a valid index of well-being with respect to internal and external validity. Coefficients of homogeneity were acceptable and there was evidence for both concurrent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: The WHO (Ten) well-being index includes negative and positive aspects of well-being in a single uni-dimensional scale. Its advantage lies in its ability to show overall change along the continuum of well-being, thus facilitating comparisons between patient groups and treatments. It is not specific to diabetes, and therefore may be useful as a disease-independent index of well-being in a broad range of health care studies.
Ectopic Gastric Mucosa in the Esophagus Diagnosed With a Meckel’s Scan
Authors: ADAM J. BENSON, MARC G. COTE, AMY M. TSUCHIDA, JEROME L. BILLINGSLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 31-year-old man had a long history of heartburn and a burning sensation at the back of his throat. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed an inlet patch in the midesophagus. An esophageal pH probe was nondiagnostic for acid in the esophagus. The patient underwent a Meckel’s scan, which confirmed persistent gastric-like secretion of Tc-99m pertechnetate, postswallowing with water, excluding saliva as a source. This finding in the esophagus on the Meckel’s scan obviated an unnecessary surgical procedure for his heartburn. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: The esophagogastroduodenoscopy shows the border of the inlet patch, an area of columnar mucosa proximal to the squamous mucosa normally found in the esophagus.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: The nuclear medicine scans show an area of increased uptake from technetium pertechnetate in the midesophagus, diagnostic of gastric mucosa (1).
New developments in monoclonal antibodies for cancer detection and therapy
Authors: D. M. Goldenberg
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

Monoclonal antibodies have provided clinicians with an intriguing, target-specific approach to cancer management. Used alone or conjugated with drugs, toxins, or radionuclides, monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be useful in the detection and/or treatment of several cancers. Recent advances, such as the development of "humanized" antibodies, promise to increase their effectiveness even more. This article summarizes the status of the in vivo use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer detection and therapy.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: William B. Kouwenhoven
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In 1928 at the request of Dr. L. W. Lieb of the Consolidated Edison Company of New York City, two studies were initiated at The Johns Hopkins University; one on the effects of electric shock, and the other on the treatment of victims of electric shock. The studies are still continuing. During these years, some of the effects of electricity on the human body have been investigated. The statement made in 1899 that an electric counter shock will arrest ventricular fibrillation and permit the heart to beat again has been verified; and closed chest types of defibrillators have been developed which are in common use in hospitals today. The method of closed chest heart massage has been developed to provide circulation of the blood to maintain the brain and body viable during period of ventricular fibrillation.
The Physiological Basis of Starling's Law of the Heart
Authors: Joseph C. Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This symposium brought together a group of experts who are studying the entire gamut of cardiac physiology from the sarcomere to the integrated aspects of function in the whole heart. The contributions vary somewhat in quality but most are good to excellent. One of the most enlightening sections describes recent measurements of the movement of sarcomeres in cardiac muscle obtained with a light diffraction technique. The paucity of studies dealing with function of the intact heart is the weakest aspect of the book. The discussion sections are succinct and bring out quite clearly what the participants were thinking about and which of the concepts put forth were the most controversial.  The book is extremely well edited. The text contains a number of illustrations that add considerably to the presentations. The work presented is up-to-date and, taken as a whole, provides an excellent synopsis of the state of the art concerning
Pyogenic Granuloma as a Cutaneous Adverse Effect of Vemurafenib
Authors: Stephen John Sammut, Nevianna Tomson, Pippa Corrie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, has been associated with a number of cutaneous adverse effects, mainly through the activation of MAP kinases. Pyogenic granuloma was seen in a patient with melanoma who had a response to the agent.
Unintentional behaviour change
Authors: Robert Aunger, Valerie Curtis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract We argue that the authors ignore a broad range of possible means of changing behaviour: unintentional change. Most of the behaviours that people seek to change – either in themselves or that are the subject of public health campaigns–are habitual, and hence not necessarily responsive to intentions. An evolutionary approach should take into account all kinds of evolved behavioural responses.
517 Evaluation of the fully automated, quantitative COBAS ampliPrep/COBAS taqman HCV test, a highly sensitive hepatitis C virus real-time PCR assay with broad measuring range
Authors: D. Sizmann, R. Babiel, C. Boeck, J. Boelter, P. Hoecht, S. Jaeger, K. Kyriosoglou, M. Miethke, S. Nicolaus, M. Richter, M. Zadak, M. Zauke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Comparative neurobehavioral study of a polybrominated biphenyl-exposed population in Michigan and a nonexposed group in Wisconsin.
Authors: J A Valciukas, R Lilis, M S Wolff, H A Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

An analysis of findings regarding the prevalence and time course of symptoms and the results of neurobehavioral testing among Michigan and Wisconsin dairy farmers, is reported. Reviewed are: (1) differences in the prevalence of neurological symptoms at the time of examination; (2) differences in the incidence and time course of symptoms for the period 1972--1976; (3) differences among populations and subgroups (sex and age) regarding performance test scores; (4) correlations between performance test scores and neurological symptoms; and (5) correlations between serum PBB levels as indicators of exposure and performance tests and neurological symptoms.
FDA Notes Rare Infection in Patient Who Took Fingolimod for MS
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal