tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-SCID mouse reactivity shapes the human CD4+ T cell repertoire in hu-PBL-SCID chimeras.
Authors: M Tary-Lehmann, P V Lehmann, D Schols, M G Roncarolo, A Saxon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Injecting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice results in long-term engraftment of human lymphocytes, of which &amp;gt; 98% are phenotypically mature, activated T cells. Here we have characterized the human T cells that populate such hu-PBL-SCID chimeras. We report that these human T cells do not mobilize Ca2+ after CD3 stimulation, i.e., their T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated signal transduction is deficient. Chimera-derived human T cells do not secrete lymphokines or undergo blastogenesis after CD3 stimulation, but proliferate in response to interleukin 2 (IL-2), defining the chimera derived human T cells as anergic. Anergy was seen in both the CD4+ and the CD8+ subpopulations. We established human T cell lines from chimeras. These T cells retained their anergic state for 1-2 mo in culture, after which they simultaneously regained the ability to mobilize Ca2+, secrete lymphokines, and to undergo blastogenesis following stimulation via the TCR. Once regaining proliferative responsiveness to CD3 stimulation, these CD4+ T cell lines displayed anti-SCID mouse reactivity and showed no specificity for recall antigens. All CD3-responsive CD4+ T cell clones obtained from such lines were SCID mouse specific, recognizing native major histocompatibility complex class II products on the murine cells. In contrast, chimera-derived human CD8+ cell lines and clones did not display detectable anti-mouse reactivity. The data show that the human T cell system in long term hu-PBL-SCID chimeras is nonfunctional due to both anergy and the limitation of the CD4+ repertoire to xenoreactive clones. The data suggest that long-term hu-PBL-SCID chimerism represents an atypical graft-versus-host reaction in which the human effector T cells become anergic in the murine environment.
Determination of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: comparison to thallium SPECT
Authors: Matthias Regenfus, Christian Schlundt, Kristin Schmiedehausen, Dieter Ropers, Stephan Achenbach, Michaela Schmidt, Niels Oesingmann, Guenther Platsch, Torsten Kuwert, Werner Moshage, Wemer G. Daniel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Immunization of Humans with Polyribophosphate, the Capsular Antigen of Hemophilus influenzae, Type b
Authors: Porter Anderson, Georges Peter, Richard B. Johnston, Leslie H. Wetterlow, David H. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

In human volunteers, single injections of purified polyribophosphate elicited antibodies detectable by passive hemagglutination and by serum bactericidal and opsonizing activities against viable Hemophilus influenzae, type b. All three activities rose by 2 wk to maximal levels, at which they remained for at least 6 months. Doses of 1 mug elicited antibody responses in nearly all recipients; higher doses of the antigen, however, produced larger increases in titer. Booster doses of 1 mug given at 6 months did not further increase the antibody titers. A tuberculin-like response was often observed at the site of injections given intradermally.
Thymoma and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: J F Simeone, T McCloud, C E Putman, J Marsh
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The simultaneous occurrence of a thymoma and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported. Disease state associated with thymoma are reviewed and the possible immunological basis for this spectrum of diseases is discussed. The role of angiography in the diagnosis of thymic tumours is described.
The functional impairment of HCC-infiltrating γδ T cells, partially mediated by regulatory T cells in a TGFβ- and IL-10-dependent manner
Authors: Yong Yi, Hong-Wei He, Jia-Xing Wang, Xiao-Yan Cai, Yi-Wei Li, Jian Zhou, Yun-Feng Cheng, Jian-Jun Jin, Jia Fan, Shuang-Jian Qiu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Mechanoenergetic Alterations During the Transition From Cardiac Hypertrophy to Failure in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats
Authors: Tomoki Kameyama, Zengyi Chen, Stephen P. Bell, Peter VanBuren, David Maughan, Martin M. LeWinter
Journal: Circulation (1998)

The time course and mechanisms of altered mechanoenergetics and depressed cross-bridge cycling in hypertrophied and failing myocardium are uncertain.We studied mechanoenergetics in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed high-salt diet (HS) for 6 (HS-6) and 12 (HS-12) weeks to produce compensated hypertrophy and failure. The slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation (E'max) was similar in HS-6 and low-salt controls (LS-6), but reduced in HS-12 compared with controls (LS-12). Efficiency [1/slope of oxygen consumption (&f1;O2)-pressure-volume area (PVA) relation] was similar in HS-6 and LS-6 but higher in HS-12 versus LS-12 (59+/-16% versus 44+/-7%, P<0.05). Economy [1/slope of the force-time integral (FTI)-&f1;O2 relation] was similar in HS-6 and LS-6 but higher in HS-12 versus LS-12 (218+/-123 versus 74+/-39x10(3) g. s. mL O2-1. g; P<0.05). Compared with controls, myofibrillar ATPase activity was reduced by 24% in HS-6 and 44% in HS-12. V3 Isomyosin was increased in HS-6 (40+/-12% versus 9+/-8%; P<0.05) and further increased in HS-12 (76+/-10% versus 22+/-18%; P<0.05). Hypothyroid LS-12 rats had 100% V3 isomyosin, yet efficiency, economy, and ATPase values were intermediate between LS-12 and HS-12. HS-12 rats demonstrated increased troponin T3 isoform (17+/-2 versus 23+/-2%, P<0.05). There were no changes in troponin I or tropomyosin isoforms. However, the proportion of phosphorylated troponin T was reduced in HS-12 versus LS-12 hearts (P<.001).In DS rats, the transition to failure is associated with depressed E'max and increased efficiency and economy. These findings are linked to myofibrillar ATPase activity and suggest that mechanisms other than isomyosin switching are important determinants of ventricular energetics. A troponin T isoform switch is one potential mechanism.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Authors: A. Hunt, D. Harrington, S. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

#### Summary points

Vitamin B12 is an essential cofactor that is integral to methylation processes important in reactions related to DNA and cell metabolism, thus a deficiency may lead to disruption of DNA and cell metabolism and thus have serious clinical consequences.1 Intracellular conversion of vitamin B12 to two active coenzymes, adenosylcobalamin in mitochondria and methylcobalamin in the cytoplasm, is necessary for the homeostasis of methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, respectively.2 3 Methylmalonic acid is converted into succinyl-CoA, of which vitamin B12 is a cofactor for the reaction. Homocysteine is biosynthesised from methionine then resynthesised into methionine or converted into amino acid cysteine. 

Vitamin B12 (also referred to as cobalamin) deficiency is relatively common, with important and variable clinical consequences. This review presents a concise summary of the most up to date evidence on how to diagnose and manage vitamin B12 deficiency.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed and Google Scholar using the terms “vitamin B12 deficiency” and “cobalamin deficiency”, and hand selected the most relevant and appropriate articles. We also used evidence based guidelines from the British Committee for Standards in Haematology; however, evidence, especially in the form of randomised controlled trials, is lacking.4

Foods containing vitamin B12 are …
Stiffening and unfolding of early deposited-fibronectin increase proangiogenic factor secretion by breast cancer-associated stromal cells
Authors: Karin Wang, Roberto C. Andresen Eguiluz, Fei Wu, Bo Ri Seo, Claudia Fischbach, Delphine Gourdon
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Fibronectin (Fn) forms a fibrillar network that controls cell behavior in both physiological and diseased conditions including cancer. Indeed, breast cancer-associated stromal cells not only increase the quantity of deposited Fn but also modify its conformation. However, (i) the interplay between mechanical and conformational properties of early tumor-associated Fn networks and (ii) its effect on tumor vascularization remain unclear. Here, we first used the Surface Forces Apparatus to reveal that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes exposed to tumor-secreted factors generate a stiffer Fn matrix relative to control cells. We then show that this early matrix stiffening correlates with increased molecular unfolding in Fn fibers, as determined by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Finally, we assessed the resulting changes in adhesion and proangiogenic factor (VEGF) secretion of newly seeded 3T3-L1s, and we examined altered integrin specificity as a potential mechanism of modified cell-matrix interactions through integrin blockers. Our data indicate that tumor-conditioned Fn decreases adhesion while enhancing VEGF secretion by preadipocytes, and that an integrin switch is responsible for such changes. Collectively, our findings suggest that simultaneous stiffening and unfolding of initially deposited tumor-conditioned Fn alters both adhesion and proangiogenic behavior of surrounding stromal cells, likely promoting vascularization and growth of the breast tumor. This work enhances our knowledge of cell - Fn matrix interactions that may be exploited for other biomaterials-based applications, including advanced tissue engineering approaches.
Abstract 1763: The discovery of novel non-RGD-containing αvβ3 ligands for molecular imaging
Authors: Choi-Fong Cho, Giulio Amadei, Daniel Breadner, Leonard Luyt, John Lewis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastasis is the cause of 90% of cancer deaths. The detection of neoplasms before they metastasize using non-invasive molecular imaging approaches can have a significant impact on patient survival. For many years it has been known that αvβ3 integrin, which is over-expressed on angiogenic endothelium and many tumours, associates with the extracellular matrix through an RGD tripeptide motif. RGD-mediated targeting has been utilized for a wide variety of peptide and nanoparticle molecular imaging agents that are in various stages of development and in clinical trials. As RGD peptide decreases cell adhesion, concerns regarding its utilization as a molecular imaging agent have been raised (Kiessling et. al., 2009 Radiology). RGD peptides exert an anti-angiogenic effect through their inhibition of αvβ3 integrin, raising the concern given recent studies (Ebos et. al., 2009 Cancer Cell v15; Paez-Ribes et. al., 2009 Cancer Cell v15) that this anti-angiogenic activity may result in increased tumour invasion and metastasis. We sought, therefore, to discover novel αvβ3 integrin-targeted peptides that do not contain RGD for the development of new molecular imaging agents. Using a recently developed “beads on a bead” approach, we screened a linear octapeptide one bead one compound library using purified αvβ3 integrin. Over one hundred peptides were isolated and sequenced “on bead” using a novel MALDI-TOF/MS technique and a number of non-RGD containing peptides were identified. Two of these peptides had a higher binding affinity for purified αvβ3 integrin than the linear RGD peptide (LCE62, KD = 4.7 nM and LCE64, KD = 16.3 nM) as determined by surface plasmon resonance. In contrast to peptides containing RGD, these peptides did not impact the morphology and adhesion of αvβ3 integrin-expressing MDA-435 cells, nor did they inhibit angiogenesis. The uptake of both fluorescein-labeled LCE62 and LCE64 by αvβ3 integrin-expressing breast cancer cells were significantly higher compared with a control AGD peptide. We have also demonstrated that this uptake was effectively blocked by an excess of free unlabeled peptide. These novel αvβ3 integrin-binding peptides could provide a basis for a new and potentially safer generation of molecular imaging agents for the early diagnosis of cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1763. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1763
1118 DYNAMICS OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS QUASISPECIES HETEROGENEITY AND EARLY VIROLOGIC RESPONSE IN PATIENTS RECEIVING LOW TO MODERATE GENETIC BARRIER NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS
Authors: J. Peveling-Oberhag, E. Herrmann, B. Kronenberger, H. Farnik, S. Susser, U. Karey, C. Sarrazin, S. Zeuzem, W.P. Hofmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Survival of cultured allogeneic keratinocytes transplanted to deep dermal bed assessed with probe specific for Y chromosome.
Authors: A. Brain, P. Purkis, P. Coates, M. Hackett, H. Navsaria, I. Leigh
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the survival of cultured allogeneic keratinocytes transplanted to a deep dermal bed 24 tattoos that had been removed by deep shave excision in 19 patients were grafted with sheets of cultured allogeneic keratinocytes from donors of the opposite sex. Cells carrying the Y chromosome were identified in biopsy specimens taken from the graft site by in situ DNA hybridisation with a biotinylated Y probe (pHY 2.1) and visualised with a technique using immunoperoxidase. The cultured allograft sites were biopsied one, two, and three weeks after transplantation. No male cells were identified in any biopsy specimen from female patients who were given transplants of male cultured keratinocytes, and all biopsy specimens from male patients, who received female cultured keratinocytes, showed percentages of male cells within the normal range for male skin. The beneficial effects of cultivated allogeneic keratinocytes result from effects on wound healing other than forming a successful graft that "takes."
Suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice via leptin, is associated with inhibition of tumor cell growth and natural killer cell activation
Authors: Eran Elinav, Asad Abd-Elnabi, Orit Pappo, Itamar Bernstein, Athalia Klein, Dean Engelhardt, Elazar Rabbani, Yaron Ilan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
INOPERABLE AND DEEP-SEATED CARCINOMAS AND THEIR TREATMENT WITH ROENTGEN RAYS AND RADIUM.
Authors: J. RUDIS-JICINSKY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Radiotherapy, being comparatively new and in its developing stage, so to say, like every other science, suffers more or less from men who meddle with it without mastering it, and from those who think carelessly, generalize rapidly, rashly, and, as Sumner says, make concessions hastily without proper investigations, experimentation and progressive study, which is the only path for repression of ignorance and charlatanism. A host of writers have been busy for the last few years introducing conflicting and baseless notions which, for want of competent criticism, found their believers on the one side, while on the other some of our best men made a boast of turning their backs on the real scientific method of new treatments, which in many hopeless cases gave not only relief but prolonged the life of those who were suffering and beyond help. To use the Roentgen rays, the rays of radium, or any other
THE EFFECT OF CATHODE RAYS UPON CERTAIN BACTERIA
Authors: Ralph W. G. Wyckoff, Thomas M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. For the two motile bacilli, B. coli and B. aertryke, the absorption of a single 155 K.V. electron is sufficient to cause death. Furthermore, all, or nearly all, the electrons absorbed are lethal. The same is undoubtedly true of Staphylococcus aureus. In addition to providing a quantitative picture of the interaction of bacteria and cathode rays, these results suggest that radiation of the energy content used in our experiments is not suitable for altering the inheritable characteristics of bacteria. 2. The differences in sensitivity to cathode rays shown by the bacteria studied can be explained by the purely physical factor of size. 3. Counts giving significant conclusions concerning killing rates can be obtained only if there is no clumping of the cells when spread and only if the cells are not allowed to multiply before irradiation. Both these precautions seem rarely to have been met in the experiments that have in the past been made with X-rays and other forms of radiation.
Defective Triglyceride Removal in Lipemia Associated with Peritoneal Dialysis and Haemodialysis
Authors: D. C. CATTRAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Plasma lipids were measured in 78 uremic patients receiving either chronic peritoneal dialysis or haemodialysis. Type IV hyperlipemia was found in 60% of patients. The lipid level was not influenced by dietary habits or patient's age. Patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis had a significantly higher and more sustained hyperlipemia than the patients on haemodialysis. Triglyceride turnover studies showed that all patients, regardless of the type of dialysis or lipid level, had impaired triglyceride removal as the cause of this lipemia. This defect in triglyceride metabolism was only partially corrected by increasing the efficiency of the dialysis.
Trends in Unintentional Drowning
Authors: Peter Cummings, Linda Quan
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextDuring the last few decades, mortality from drowning has decreased in the United States for unknown reasons. It has been hypothesized that this decline may be due to decreased use of alcohol in and around water or improved medical treatment after a submersion.ObjectivesTo estimate changes in unintentional mortality due to submersion, estimate trends in drownings attributable to alcohol use, and assess the role of medical care in these mortality trends.DesignA 21-year longitudinal study of case findings, from January 1, 1975, through December 31, 1995.Setting and ParticipantsAll residents of King County, Washington, who died unintentionally from submersion and 284 persons hospitalized for submersion who survived.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in submersion-related mortality incidence over time, proportion of this mortality that could be attributed to alcohol use, changes over time in the case-fatality rate of treated patients, and estimate of deaths prevented in 1995 compared with projected estimates had there been no change in incidence since 1975.ResultsThere were 539 deaths due to drowning in King County during 21 years. Mortality rates during this period declined by 59% (95% confidence interval [CI], −70% to −46%). The incidence of death attributable to alcohol use decreased by 81% (95% CI, −91% to −57%); this could account for 51% of deaths prevented in 1995. Among 249 comatose patients who received prehospital care, 205 died; the odds of survival decreased 40% over 21 years (P=.40). Among 101 comatose patients who were hospitalized, 63 died; the odds of survival decreased 29% (P=.75). The incidence of survival of comatose hospital patients decreased by 29% from 1975 to 1995 (95% CI, −78% to +125%). We found no evidence that trends in medical treatment prevented any deaths due to drowning in 1995.ConclusionsDrowning incidence in King County, Washington, declined because of a decrease in severe submersion episodes rather than an increase in success of medical interventions. Our data support the theory that less use of alcohol around water prevents some deaths. About half of the decrease was unexplained.
Inhibition of Polyclonally Induced Immunoglobulin Secretion by Aurothiomalate
Authors: Jørgen Petersen
Journal: Allergy (1984)

The influence of sodium aurothiomalate on the secretion of immunoglobulins by normal human lymphocytes in vitro was investigated by means of a reverse hemolytic plaque forming cell (PFC assay, Aurothiomalate inhibited the FFC response induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and by Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) in a dose dependent manner. The inhibition was irreversible, as pre‐incubation for 2 h with the drug followed by extensive washing and further culture in gold salt–free medium still caused an inhibition of the PFC response to PWM and to EBV. Cell proliferation was not significantly affected, suggesting that the inhibition of PFC formation was not due to cytotoxicity. Pre–incubation of monocytes/macrophages (Mø's), T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes with the gold compound prior to culture with PWM showed that M0's and B cells were highly sensitive, whereas T lymphocytes where resistant to the drug. The findings indicate that aurothio‐malate inhibits the polyclonally induced PFC response by interfering with accessory Me function and by affecting the B lymphocyte itself.
A study of risk assessment index to predict cardiovascular diseases among young adults (aged 20-40 years)
Authors: Pratibha Singh, Mani Paliwal
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Every year cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) claim 5–6 million lives which account for 64% of all deaths reported in India. About one-fourth of these deaths occur in people below the age of 45 years. Therefore, in the present study 100 young adults was undertaken to predict the CVDs among young adults (aged 20–40 years) in the urban area of Mainpuri city, UP, with the main objectives to calculate and compare the risk assessment index among various groups of study and to correlate the risk assessment index with various socio-economic and demographic variables among the study population. These 100 cases were selected through multistage sampling technique and following findings were observed: (1) the high mean risk assessment score was found to be only in 8.0% of the total study subject. Mean risk assessment score was found to be high in males, aged 30–40 years, smokers, coffee/tea and alcohol users. (2) Higher risk was also observed among the respondents having family history of CVD with stressful life and did not perform any exercise. According to food pattern the mean risk assessment was found high among the respondents, who end feasts with ice-cream, sweets, take cakes and pastry in between meals, using saturated fat in the diet. (3) The mean intake of calories, protein, vitamin A, vitamin B 1 , riboflavin, vitamin C, iron, fat were found to be higher among high risk group and positively correlated with risk assessment scores among the study population. (4) Risk assessment score was also found to be positively correlated with age, family type, monthly income, body mass index and waist to hip ratio of the respondents.
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Knee Demonstrated on Bone Scan
Authors: DEAN J. SHANLEY, ANDREW E. AUBER, JOHN T. WATABE, ARTHUR B. BUCKNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a benign proliferative disorder of the synovium of unknown etiology. PVNS usually affects young adults and generally is a monoarticular disorder. The knee is the most commonly involved joint and patients typically present with chronic swelling, pain, and limitation of motion. Pathologic features include hyperplastic synovium, hemosiderin-laden macrophages and synovial lining cells, and a hemorrhagic effusion. The bone scan findings in a case of surgically proven PVNS involving the knee joint are presented. Correlation with US, CT, and MRI provided complimentary diagnostic information in the evaluation of this rare disorder.
Is it really a cerebrovascular accident?
Authors: R. L Bishton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

you say in your leading article (24 May, p 1240), but absolutely vital.In fact, high-titre antibodies to pseudomonas, in particular to exotoxin A (and lipid A), provide very good protection even in patients who are neutro- penic or who have serious underlying diseases, as reported by Pollack and Young.'Why was this essential reference not quoted ?Taken in conjunction with the vaccine production work of Jones et al2 it really is the promise for the future.Similar principles apply to other Gram-negative infections.