tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
329. Electroporation-Mediated Delivery of Cre- Expressing Plasmids to the Lung Results in Tissue-Specific DNA Excision in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Aaron M. Miller, David A. Dean
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Mouse models of human disease are an indispensable tool in elucidating pathology at the molecular level. Transgenic and knockout technologies are commonly used to establish the function of specific genes in both normal and pathological states. Recently, the advent of the Cre/loxP system of site-directed DNA recombination has taken such 'reverse genetic' methodologies a step further, allowing for temporal and spatial regulation of gene excision. This added level of control has permitted analysis of knockouts that would otherwise be embryonic lethal. However, despite the progress of the field, all of these techniques are incredibly time-consuming and cost-intensive. In this study, we describe the utility of plasmid DNA technology in inducing tissue-specific and temporally regulated gene excision that is highly efficient, rapid and economical. Previously, we have demonstrated that plasmid constructs containing certain DNA sequences and promoters can achieve nuclear entry and transcription of their encoded transgenes both in vitro and in vivo. Constructs lacking these nuclear import sequences, which we term DNA nuclear targeting sequences (DTSs), remain confined to the cytoplasm until cell division or until they are degraded. Many of the identified DTSs are from mammalian promoters. Due to the fact that promoters can drive transcription in a tissue-specific manner, plasmids containing these sequences can limit nuclear import and transgene expression to particular tissues. Here, we show that this targeting strategy can be used to express Cre-recombinase in a tissue-specific manner to create DNA deletions in the lungs of the Rosa reporter strain of transgenic mice. Rosa transgenic mice contain a lacZ reporter gene that is transcriptionally silenced by a floxed stop sequence immediately upstream. Upon expression of Cre-recombinase in target tissues, the stop sequence is cleaved, and the beta-galactosidase reporter is transcribed. To achieve this tissue-specific excision of the DNA sequence, we constructed plasmids that contain: (1) the Cre- recombinase expression cassette and (2) promoter sequences (DTSs) that mediate nuclear import (and hence expression) specifically in the lung. These plasmids were then placed in a saline suspension and electroporated into the lungs of anesthetized Rosa mice. Using this method, we have shown that the mammalian CMV promoter can successfully direct Cre-mediated DNA excision in the lung, as demonstrated by beta-galactosidase expression. We are currently testing the smooth muscle gamma-actin (SMGA) promoter for smooth muscle-specific excision. This ability to achieve temporally and spatially regulated gene excision with plasmid constructs offers an enticing alternative to complex breeding strategies that are normally employed in Cre/loxP studies.
Postoperative Hyponatremia in Menstruant Women
Authors: Stephen D. Fillman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 June 1993Postoperative Hyponatremia in Menstruant WomenStephen D. Fillman, MDStephen D. Fillman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A 1986 article by Arieff [1] and a 1990 report by Fraser and Arieff [2] describe postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in premenopausal women. The recent article by Ayus, Wheeler, and Arieff [3] states that nearly half of their 65 patients with hyponatremic encephalopathy were from hospitals affiliated with either Baylor University or the University of California. This suggests that physicians were unaware of this syndrome, despite the recent articles by their own faculty.If this catastrophic event is to be prevented, then all physicians who treat patients after surgery or write postoperative intravenous fluid orders must be made ...References1. Arieff AI. Hyponatremia, convulsions, respiratory arrest, and permanent brain damage after elective surgery in healthy women. N Engl J Med. 1986; 314:1529-35. Google Scholar2. Fraser CL, Arieff AI. Fatal diabetes mellitus and insipidus, resulting from untreated hyponatremia: new syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1990; 112:113-9. Google Scholar3. Ayus JD, Wheeler JM, Arieff AI. Postoperative hyponatremic encephalopathy in menstruant women. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117: 891-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stephen D. Fillman, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 12 Page: 984-985 Keywords Brain diseases Drug administration Drugs Food and Drug Administration Hyponatremia Isotonicity Surgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF DYSENTERY BY RECTAL INJECTIONS
Authors: C. F. Lillie
Journal: BMJ (1902)

l{MEMORANDA.[TMBo '99 of the tenement, no fewer than twenty of whom died before the history was closed.R. H. was admitted to hospital on September r4tb, with a history of three days fever.He had one day's fever in the hospital with ,no delirium and no albumen.The bubo, a small one in the right groin, suppurated but healed quickly, and he was ready for discharge on October 2nd, I9oo.CASE v.-One other case, S. M., from the David Sassoon Hospital, was said to have been inoculated there on October 3rd, igoo, plague having appeared among the hospital servants.She was admitted on October 5th with a history of two days fever.She was very ill, with a temperature of qo30 to io50, restless and delirious, with constant vomiting, and died on October 6th, within twenty-four hours of admission.
Mass treatment with statins
Authors: B. Goldacre, L. Smeeth
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Despite widespread vaccination against measles in the United States, outbreaks continue to occur. Clinicians should be able to recognize its distinctive clinical picture so that isolation measures can be instituted promptly, susceptible contacts immunized, and public health agencies notified. Vaccination is safe for most people and should be strongly promoted for all healthy children.
Case 35-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Harvey B. Simon, Alan L. Schiller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation or CaseA 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of weakness.He had enjoyed excellent health until 11 months previously, when fatigue, anorexia and abdominal bloating developed, with loss of 12 kg in weight during the ensuing three months. Four months before entry iron was prescribed because of anemia. The patient did not improve and was referred to this hospital. Examination disclosed marked splenomegaly, without lymphadenopathy. The hematocrit was 26.9 per cent, and the white-cell count 3800. The bilirubin was 0.9 mg, and the protein 4.5 g (the albumin 2.8 g, and the globulin 1.7 g) per . . .
Apoptosis of human endothelial cells is induced synergistically by Ox-LDL and TNFα; Attenuation by 17β-estradiol
Authors: RenéJ. Alvarez, Arthur T. Hoang, Emily E. Milliken, Sanford J. Gips, Chi.V. Dang, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Human milk is still best
Authors: Y.-S. Chong
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Over 10 years ago Barker et al postulated the hypothesis of fetal programming by showing that low birthweight babies had a higher mortality from ischaemic heart disease.1 Subsequently, fast postnatal catch-up growth was found to be an additional risk factor for ischaemic heart disease,2 showing that early childhood programming was as important as the milieu in the womb. The most important form …
The Trauma Score as a Triage Tool-Reply
Authors: Paul S. Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Belongia for his thoughtful comments and Dr McCabe for his correction. As stated in our article, it is beginning to become clear that there is little sense in creating expensive and efficient trauma centers if we are unable to deliver the correct patients to them in a timely fashion. While there is a reasonable standard of care that all physicians would agree with at major national meetings, there is less uniformity of opinion at the local level, where hard dollars are won and lost in the battle for patients. Because each community has its own spectrum of trauma, we wholeheartedly support the notion that duplication of our statistical efforts would be prudent. The observation is correct that the addition of the diagnosis of penetrating torso trauma as an absolute criterion for transport to a trauma center would have increased the false-positives from 107 to 206,
Stable genetic modification of human embryonic stem cells by lentiviral vectors
Authors: Michal Gropp, Pavel Itsykson, Orna Singer, Tamir Ben-Hur, Etti Reinhartz, Eithan Galun, Benjamin E Reubinoff
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of the early preimplantation embryo. An efficient strategy for stable genetic modification of hES cells may be highly valuable for manipulating the cells in vitro and may promote the study of hES cell biology, human embryogenesis, and the development of cell-based therapies. Here, we demonstrate that vectors derived from self-inactivating (SIN) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are efficient tools for stable genetic modification of hES cells. Transduction of hES cells by a modified vector derived from SIN HIV-1 and containing the woodchuck hepatitis regulatory element (WPRE) and the central polypurine tract (cPPT) sequence facilitated stable transgene expression during prolonged (38 weeks) undifferentiated proliferation in vitro. Southern blot analysis revealed that the viral vector had integrated into the host cells' DNA. Transgene expression was maintained throughout differentiation into progeny of all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo in teratomas. Thus, the transduced hES cells retained the capability for self-renewal and their pluripotent potential. Genetic modification of hES cells by lentiviral vectors provides a powerful tool for basic and applied research in the area of human ES cells.
Oral Contraceptive Agents and the Management of Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Mark G. Perlroth
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Among women with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) a small group exists whose clinical symptoms are precipitated by menses or pregnancy. In three such cases studied, the cyclical use of the oral progestational agents was apparently successful in preventing the appearance of symptoms. The individual administration of androgen, estrogen, and a progestin preparation to one patient showed the same protective effect. This suggests that inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, with stabilization of endogenous ovarian steroid production at a low level, may be the effective mechanism. Use of the progestins is occasionally associated with signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Such side effects constitute the main limitation in the use of these drugs. Untoward effects can be minimized by the use of alternative preparations and lower dosage.
Tolerance of Volunteers to Cyclosporine A-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine Liposome Aerosol
Authors: BRIAN E. GILBERT, CAROLINE KNIGHT, FRANCISCO G. ALVAREZ, J. CLIFFORD WALDREP, JOSEPH R. RODARTE, VERNON KNIGHT, WILLIAM L. ESCHENBACHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Cyclosporine A (CsA) in liposomes of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC), containing 118 μ g of CsA/L of aerosol with a particle size of 1.6 to 1.7 μ m diameter, was inhaled by 10 nonsmoking, normal volunteers each for 45 min. Aerosol was administered through an Aerotech II nebulizer (CIS-US, Inc., Bedford, MA) mouthpiece. Eight of the 10 volunteers had tracheal irritation and intermittent coughing following exposure. FEV1 and FVC values were mildly reduced, but returned to normal in 1 h. Blood chemical and hematologic values were unchanged at any time point after as opposed to before inhalation. Nine of the 10 volunteers later inhaled DLPC only, administered through the nebulizer mouthpiece. There was no change in FEV1 or FVC values, and there was no coughing or tracheal irritation. Subsequently, five of the volunteers who had previously had respiratory reactions inhaled CsA-DLPC liposome aerosol for 45-min, but through a mouth-only face mask. There was no tracheal irritation, coughing, or changes in spirometric measures. Blood concentrations of CsA at 15 min after the 45-min inhalation with a face mask averaged 83 ± 42 ng/ml (mean ± SD). At 24 h after treatment, CsA was undetectable in blood of the initial 10 volunteers. These studies indicate that CsA-DLPC liposome aerosol can be safely explored as a treatment for patients with moderately severe asthma.
It is not wrong to say no
Authors: Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2009)

It is argued that an important aspect of rehabilitation after severe head injury lies in training or retraining victims in skills required for independent living. Despite this, very little is known about the training characteristics of head injured patients. It is shown that in the acquisition of a psychomotor skill severely head injured subjects have very poor starting levels as compared to normal controls. They show impressive learning to the extent that they considerably close the gap between themselves and the controls. They also show appreciable transfer of the learned skill from one version of the task to another. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for further understanding of the training process in head injured subjects in ways that could reflect upon clinical practice in rehabilitation.
Halt rising numbers of female tobacco users in poor nations, urges WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization has called for concerted global action to curb the rising numbers of female tobacco users, especially in poor nations—a trend it largely attributes to aggressive marketing tactics by the tobacco industry.

“The trends in some countries are extremely worrisome,” said WHO chief Margaret Chan “Tobacco use is neither liberating nor glamorous. It is addictive and deadly.” 

The agency, which chose gender and tobacco as the theme for World No Tobacco Day 2010 on 31 May, claims that the industry “aggressively seeks new users to replace the ones who quit and the current users―up to half―who will die prematurely from cancer, heart attack, stroke, …
Does avoidance of peanuts in early life reduce the risk of peanut allergy?
Authors: S. McLean, A. Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Peanut allergy has increased in frequency and severity such that it is now responsible for considerable morbidity and in some cases mortality. This has led to conflicting policies aimed at reducing the risk of children developing peanut allergy. Expectant women and parents of young children, as well and their clinicians, are therefore often unclear about whether to avoid peanuts.

We searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed using a combination of MeSH and free text terms from the inception of these databases to November 2009 to identify relevant systematic reviews and original studies that had investigated the effect of peanut avoidance in pregnancy, in mothers who were lactating, and in the diets of infants, on the risk of subsequently developing peanut allergy. We also searched Google Scholar and online trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and Controlled-trials.com) to identify unpublished and ongoing randomised controlled trials. 

### Changing advice on the role of peanut avoidance

In 1998 the UK government advised that those at “high risk” of developing allergy (that is, those with a family history of allergic problems) may wish to avoid eating peanuts and products that contain peanuts during pregnancy, lactation, and weaning (until infant is aged 3 years).1 Similar advice was issued around the same time in several other countries.2 3

This advice on avoidance of peanuts was based on the findings of epidemiological studies, which suggested that exposure to peanuts during this “critical window” in early life may increase the risk of peanut allergy.4 5 Supportive, potentially more compelling, evidence came from the early randomised controlled …
Multivitamins in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Eva M. Lonn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The other Dr Finlay
Authors: P P Mortimer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

larger agenda of great importance for nations everywhere.Getting this right seems to me the first order of business, together with developing an integrated information system on clinical performance and costs across all sectors.This means that for several years the health authorities will do the major commissioning.They will also develop primary care groups, pull together health improvement plans, plan overall changes in services, nurture networks of diverse local agencies and organisations, and be accountable for evaluation. 15They need talented, well paid leadership teams with good technical resourcing.Beyond these basics lie the real savings through integrated pathways of care between secondary, primary, and community care.One key is to align primary care providers with consultants.Win-win contracts have been worked out in the United States that would reward both groups for developing ways to reduce the need for costly services.
Proapoptotic activity and chemosensitizing effect of the novel Akt inhibitor perifosine in acute myelogenous leukemia cells
Authors: V Papa, P L Tazzari, F Chiarini, A Cappellini, F Ricci, A M Billi, C Evangelisti, E Ottaviani, G Martinelli, N Testoni, J A McCubrey, A M Martelli
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Shake Well Before Using
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A unique episodic hypothermia, though apparently extremely rare, is currently attracting considerable attention because of its distinctive clinical and pathological features. Also known as recurrent, relapsing, spontaneous, and periodic, this hypothermia usually begins in childhood or adolescence. Characteristically, a sudden bout of profuse sweating and vasodilatation ushers in a precipitous drop of temperature that may reach a nadir of 30 C or less. The episode, which can last anywhere between one half to two hours, may recur many times in a day, with or without prolonged remissions of weeks', months', or years' duration. A curious absence of the corpus callosum was demonstrated roentgenologically in three patients<sup>1,2</sup>and confirmed at autopsy in a fourth<sup>3</sup>—the latter also manifesting heavy fibrillary gliosis with neuronal loss in the premammillary region and in the arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus. The exact mechanism of this curious hypothermia is poorly understood. It is tempting
Laboratory tests and imaging studies in patients with cutaneous malignant melanomas: A survey of experienced physicians
Authors: Nathalie Provost, Ashfaq A. Marghoob, Alfred W. Kopf, Maria DeDavid, Qasim Wasti, Robert S. Bart
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1997)

Background: The presence or absence of metastases is important in determining prognosis and treatment options for patients with malignant melanoma (MM).Laboratory tests and imaging studies are ordered for patients with MMs but without symptoms in an effort to detect occult metastases.However, which laboratory tests and imaging studies to order and how often to reorder them is not well established.Objective: Our purpose was to determine which tests and studies are ordered by physicians with major responsibilities for the care of patients with MM.Methods-Physicians were surveyed by questionnaire about the laboratory tests and imaging studies they ordered for MM stages 0, I, II, and m.Results: Of the 35 physicians queried, 30 (86%) responded to the survey.The majority of physicians order tests as follows: no tests for MM in situ; roentgenography of the chest with or without initial lactic acid dehydrogenase/liver function tests for stages I, 1/, and IlI and during follow-up for stages IB,//, and HI (more frequendy as the Breslow thickness increases); and baseline computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans of the chest, abdomen/pelvis, and brain for stage m. Conclusion:Although the pattern of ordering examinations was similar for the majority of respondents, there was significant variability among experienced physicians in ordering laboratory tests and imaging studies in the search for occult metastases in patients with asymptomatic MM.The laboratory tests and imaging studies ordered and their frequency depend on the stage of the MM and sometimes on other risk factors.(
Medical Notes on Columbus's First Trip to America
Authors: Cesar A. Lopez
Journal: JAMA (1976)

CHRISTOPHER Columbus left on Aug 3,1492, from the port of Palos de Moguer, Spain, on the trip during which he was to discover America. Much has been written about Columbus's first trip to the New World. Although it has been studied and analyzed from almost every aspect, little is known or has been written about it from a medical point of view.<sup>1-3</sup> <h3>CREW</h3> It is accepted that there were 90 men on the trip. It has been fairly well established that three of the crew members were physicians, each traveling in a different vessel: Maestre Juan Sanchez on the<i>Santa Maria</i>, Maestre Alonso de Moguer on the<i>Niña</i>, and Maestre Diego on the<i>Pinta</i>.<sup>4,5</sup> In Columbus's time, there were several kinds of medical professionals, among which university-trained physicians, surgeons, barbers, and apothecaries were the most commonly known. It is accepted that Maestre Juan Sanchez was a surgeon, and
Glass in the foot: negligence or a criminal act?
Authors: P. W. Richmond, L. A. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Un exemple d'automutilation: une femme atteinte d'une plaie au pied apres un choc avec un sac contenant du verre brise est radiographiee; la plaie, qui ne contient pas de verre, est nettoyee et fermee. La blessee revient plusieurs fois, «ressentant la presence de morceaux de verre», qu'on retrouve et elimine. La plaie cicatrise normalement apres fermeture de securite. Malgre ses denegations il semble que ce soit la malade qui ait mis ces morceaux dans la plaie pour pouvoir porter plainte
P848 SERUM CYTOKERATIN-18 IS ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: L. Polimeni, M. Del Ben, F. Baratta, M. Brancorsini, R. Carnevale, C. Nocella, C. Calabrese, D. Pastori, F. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)