tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1146 RITUXIMAB-BASED CHEMOTHERAPY IN HCV POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH ONCO-HAEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES ENHANCES HCV REPLICATION AND IS FOLLOWED BY AN HEPATIC FLARE
Authors: N. Coppola, M. Pisaturo, S. Guastafierro, G. Tonziello, A. Sica, V. Iodice, C. Sagnelli, M.G. Ferrara, E. Sagnelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Percutaneous excimer laser coronary angioplasty: Results of the first 110 procedures
Authors: Frank Litvack, James Margoli, Neal Eigler, Donald Rothbaum, Tom Linnemeier, Spencer King, John Douglas, William Untereker, Lisa Hestrin, Steohen Cook, Dan Tsoi, Tsvi Goldenberg, Jacob Segalowitz, Warren Grundfest, James Forrester
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Prostaglandin E1 abrogates early reductive stress and zone-specific paradoxical oxidative injury in hypoperfused rat liver.
Authors: H Suzuki, M Suematsu, H Ishii, S Kato, H Miki, M Mori, Y Ishimura, T Nishino, M Tsuchiya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 on reductive stress and the subsequent oxidative cell injury in hypoperfused rat liver. The intralobular heterogeneity of hepatocellular redox state, mitochondrial dysfunction, and intracellular hydroperoxide formation were visually monitored by digital microfluorography of pyridine nucleotide autofluorescence, rhodamine 123, and dichlorofluorescein fluorescence, respectively. Under the 25% low flow perfusion, pyridine nucleotide autofluorescence increased time-dependently and reached a steady state at 10 min among the entire lobules. The decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was > 20 mV in all portions of the lobules at 60 min. The onset of hydroperoxide formation was observed at 40 min in the marginally oxygenated proximal portion of anoxic pericentral regions and the oxidative impact reached a maximum level at 60 min. Sodium (-)-8-(3-methoxy-4-phenylsulfinylphenyl) pyrazo [1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine-4-olate monohydrate (BOF 4272), a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor, suppressed the zone-specific oxidative changes without attenuating the increase in pyridine nucleotide autofluorescence and mitochondrial dysfunction. Pretreatment with prostaglandin E1 not only abrogated an early increase in pyridine nucleotide fluorescence and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by hypoperfusion but also diminished the subsequent midzonal oxidative injury. Since prostaglandin E1 has no oxyradical-scavenging action, the preventive effect of this reagent on the hypoxia-induced oxidative cell injury is attributable to the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that, in low flow hypoxia, early reductive stress plays a key role in the initiation of xanthine oxidase-mediated midzonal oxidative changes, which may lead to subsequent centrilobular necrosis.
An 'Epidemic' of Adolescent Pregnancy?: Some Historical and Policy Considerations
Authors: Robert J. Senior
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This historical review of adolescent sexuality and pregnancy since colonial times, including perspectives on the role or nonrole of the adolescent father and the origins of federal programs and policies whose outcomes frequently were different from what was intended, reads like a bedtime novel. The author, a practicing historian and a consultant and adviser to the Reagan administration, has a gift of uniquely weaving personal observations and involvements with changing trends and mores. Dr Vinovskis makes a strong, statistically supported statement that an "epidemic" of adolescent pregnancy is not a phenomenon of the 1980s but actually peaked in the 1950s, and it has only been in the last 20 years that the federal government has attempted to provide solutions. During the Carter and Reagan administrations, some legislators sought a solution for unintended adolescent pregnancies by promoting contraception, while others found the answer in federally assisting young mothers and their infants.
Synthesis of Arachidonic Acid–Derived Lipoxygenase and Cytochrome P450 Products in the Intact Human Lung Vasculature
Authors: LADISLAU KISS, HARTWIG SCHÜTTE, KONSTANTIN MAYER, HELMUT GRIMM, WINIFRIED PADBERG, WERNER SEEGER, FRIEDRICH GRIMMINGER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Lipoxygenase (LO) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase products of arachidonic acid (AA) have been implicated in a large number of vasoregulatory processes. In intact, blood-free, perfused and ventilated human lungs (n = 8), isolated during surgery for bronchial carcinoma, we analyzed leukotrienes (LTs), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by sequential sampling of the recirculating buffer fluid. For the analysis we used multistep, solid-phase extraction, isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, with elution of all metabolites within one run and photodiode array detection to obtain full UV spectra of eluting compounds. We detected no LT release in a 15-min baseline period, but the admixture of the calcium ionophore A23187 with the buffer fluid provoked the rapid appearance of all LTs. Some baseline release of 15-HETE was observed, and in response to A23187, maximum buffer concentrations were noted for 5-HETE, with 8-HETE, 9-HETE, 11-HETE, and 12-HETE being detected at lower levels. Marked baseline liberation of 11,12-EET and 8,9-EET was observed. In response to A23187, high oxirane buffer concentrations were registered, which far surpassed those of LTs and HETEs. The eicosanoid release was paralleled by a limited pulmonary artery pressor response and progressive vascular leakage. We conclude that ex-vivo-perfused human lungs release EETs > LTs > HETEs into the vascular compartment in response to inflammatory challenge. The marked oxirane synthesis in the lung vasculature may have major impact on lung vasoregulation when considering the possible function of these AA epoxides as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors.
Pneumococcal Endocarditis Treated with Clindamycin
Authors: John T. Keane
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Penicillin is well established as the treatment of choice for pneumococcal endocarditis. Patients with penicillin allergy may be desensitized to the drug, treated concomitantly with penicillin and an adrenal corticosteroid, or given an alternative antibiotic. 1 The first two forms of therapy have an attendant risk of anaphylaxis. Clindamycin is a semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin that has bacteriocidal activity against many Gram-positive cocci and has been used successfully in the treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis. 2 This report describes the results of the treatment of pneumococcal endocarditis with clindamycin.  Report of a Case.—  A 48-year-old man was admitted with a one-week history of malaise, fever, and pain in the left wrist. The temperature was 39.5 C. A soft systolic murmur was heard along the left sternal border, and the left wrist was slightly swollen and tender. Pertinent laboratory studies disclosed the following values: hemoglobin, 10.0 gm/100 ml; hematocrit
Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11 inhibits neurostimulatory and orexigenic effects of peripheral ghrelin in rats
Authors: P Kobelt
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Ghrelin, the natural ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, is the most powerful peripherally active orexigenic agent known. In rodents, ghrelin administration stimulates growth hormone release, food intake, and adiposity. Because of these effects, blocking of ghrelin has been widely discussed as a potential treatment for obesity. Spiegelmer NOX-B11 is a synthetic l-oligonucleotide, which was previously shown to bind ghrelin. We examined the effects of NOX-B11 on ghrelin induced neuronal activation and food intake in non-fasted rats. <b>Methods:</b> Animals received various doses of NOX-B11, inactive control Spiegelmer, or vehicle intravenously. Ghrelin or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally 12 hours later and food intake was measured over four hours. Neuronal activation was assessed as c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus. <b>Results:</b> Treatment with NOX-B11 30 nmol suppressed ghrelin induced c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus and blocked the ghrelin induced increase in food intake within the first half hour after ghrelin injection (mean 1.13 (SEM 0.59) g/kg body weight; 4.94 (0.63) g/kg body weight versus 0.58 (0.58) g/kg body weight; p&lt;0.0001). Treatment with NOX-B11 1 nmol or control Spiegelmer had no effect whereas treatment with NOX-B11 10 nmol showed an intermediate effect on ghrelin induced food intake. <b>Conclusions:</b> Spiegelmer NOX-B11 suppresses ghrelin induced food intake and c-Fos induction in the arcuate nucleus in rats. The use of an anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer could be an innovative new approach to inhibit the biological action of circulating ghrelin. This may be of particular relevance to conditions associated with elevated plasma ghrelin, such as the Prader-Willi syndrome.
Systemic Therapy, Clinical Outcomes, and Overall Survival in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pulmonary Carcinoid: A Brief Report
Authors: Patrick M. Forde, Craig M. Hooker, Sosipatros A. Boikos, Iacope Petrini, Giuseppe Giaccone, Charles M. Rudin, Stephen C. Yang, Peter B. Illei, Christine L. Hann, David S. Ettinger, Julie R. Brahmer, Ronan J. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Value of Computer Analysis of Exercise Thallium Images in the Noninvasive Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sanjiv Kaul, John B. Newell, David A. Chesler, Gerald M. Pohost, Robert D. Okada, Timothy E. Guiney, Charles A. Boucher
Journal: JAMA (1986)

WHEN a patient presents with either chest pain or an abnormal electrocardiogram, coronary artery disease (CAD) is suspected. Thallium imaging with exercise is performed frequently at this point to confirm whether CAD is present.<sup>1-13</sup>This test provides numerous scintigraphic and nonscintigraphic data, which are usually provided to the physician separately in an unsystematic way. The physician must subjectively integrate the individual results and then decide about the presence of CAD. This decision may be difficult when the data in an individual are discordant regarding the presence or absence of CAD. If the presence of any abnormality is used to diagnose CAD, sensitivity is maximized at the expense of specificity. If the presence of multiple abnormalities is required, specificity is maximized at the expense of sensitivity. To study this problem, we analyzed 196 patients with no previous myocardial infarction who had undergone thallium imaging with exercise and cardiac catheterization. Patients
Psoriasis has a major secondary impact on the lives of family members and partners
Authors: A.M. Eghlileb, E.E.G. Davies, A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Psoriasis affects the quality of life (QoL) of relatives and partners of patients with psoriasis, but little is known about this secondary impact.To identify the different ways in which the lives of relatives and partners of people with psoriasis are affected by the disease.Relatives and partners of patients with psoriasis participated. Subjects were excluded if they had any skin disease. The severity of the psoriasis of the patients was measured using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI). Subjects either had intensive qualitative interviews with one researcher or responded to a postal questionnaire. Both methods identified ways in which their relative's or partner's psoriasis had affected their lives.Thirty-three subjects were interviewed and 30 replied by postal questionnaire. Twenty-eight of the 63 subjects were relatives (seven men and 21 women) and 35 were partners (16 men and 19 women). The median age was 51 years (range 20-80). The patients (n = 63) had a mean DLQI of 10, mean PDI of 13.8 and mean PASI of 5.2. Forty different aspects of QoL impairment of relatives and partners were identified. The percentage of subjects in whom any of these aspects were mentioned is illustrated in six different categories. Seventy per cent stated that the treatment of their relative or partner resulted in them having to spend extra time on housework; 57% described psychological pressures including anxiety, being upset and being worried about the patient's future; 55% described social disruption due to lack of social confidence either because of embarrassment or because of the time required for care duties; 44% described limitations to holiday plans, sport and leisure activities and evenings out; 37% described limitations on their daily activities such as shopping, work and time spent with other family members; 37% felt that their close relationships had deteriorated. Only 8% described no effect at all on their QoL. The QoL of the relatives and partners (number of categories affected) was more closely related to the patients' QoL (DLQI: r = 0.77, P < 0.001; PDI: r = 0.67, P < 0.001) than to the objective disease severity scores (PASI: r = 0.34, P < 0.05).The QoL of partners and relatives of people with psoriasis can be significantly affected. Many different aspects of everyday life that are affected and the psychological impacts of having a partner or relative with psoriasis have been identified. It is of great importance to identify these issues to allow clinicians to develop appropriate care strategies not only for patients with psoriasis, but also for their partner and family.
T-cell interferon- release assays: can we do better?
Authors: A. Lalvani, K. A. Millington
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Accurate diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) is scientifically challenging because of the low burden of dormant tubercle bacilli, which are not directly detectable or quantifiable. However, the strong cellular immune response triggered by LTBI serves as an amplified signal for the presence of these dormant bacilli. The first measure of the cellular immune response to be exploited as a marker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, developed at the end of the 19th century, was the tuberculin skin test (TST), which measures a delayed type hypersensitivity response to tuberculin purified protein derivative. The development and validation of T-cell-based interferon (IFN)-γ release assays (IGRAs) over the past decade represents a 100-yr upgrade in the diagnosis of LTBI 1, 2; the amplified signal measured is the ex vivo release of T-cell-derived IFN-γ. IGRAs’ clearest advantage is increased specificity for detection of M. tuberculosis infection thanks to their utilisation of M. tuberculosis -specific antigens encoded in region of difference (RD)1, a genomic segment absent from the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and most environmental mycobacteria.

Currently, there are two forms of IGRA: either IFN-γ secretion is measured in whole-blood by ELISA or IFN-γ-secreting T-cells are directly enumerated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay. The two assays are commercially licensed as QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (Cellestis Inc, Carnegie, Australia) and T-SPOT. TB (Oxford Immunotec Ltd, Abingdon, UK). Because these tests measure IFN-γ released in response to the RD1-encoded antigens early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10 (and TB7.7 (Rv2645) in QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube), specificity in populations at very low risk for LTBI is higher than that of TST, approaching 100% 2, 3. Because there is no gold standard test for LTBI, surrogate markers are used to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity of IGRAs. When using active TB as a surrogate for …
Hypotensive Effect of Propranolol
Authors: P. J. Whittington-Coleman
Journal: BMJ (1969)

satisfactory therapeutic response.The total available evidence suggests that had lower degrees of prothrombin activity been consistently maintained the results might have more closely resembled those of the Anticoagulant Committee of the American Heart Association,2 Loeliger and his co-workers,' and Meuwissen and Hart,' Aspenstrbm and Korsan-Bengtsen,' and the results of the U.S. Veterans Administration Long-Term Study,' ' as well as many other studies both short-and long-term from the British Isles and from other countries.The Working Party of the Medical Research Council had previously used an average daily dose of 108 mg. of phenindione in their study dealing with long-term pre- ventive anticoagulant therapy, which pro- duced favourable effects in several important categories of mortality and morbidity.How- ever, in this study involving acute myocardial infarction the use of the Thrombotest at 10-20% levels resulted in a serious reduction of approximately one-third in the daily dose to an average of 72 mg.This represents a paradox in the principle of anticoagulant therapy.Acute thromboembolic states usually require more active rather than less active treatment when compared with long- term prevention in an otherwise quiescent phase.What this study does confirm is that when levels of activity in the range of 10-20% by the Thrombotest are used only minor therapeutic effects involving thrombo- embolic complications can be expected.As with all other potent drugs, one must give adequate amounts of anticoagulants to obtain full therapeutic effects.It is a matter of great and international concern that clinicians not especially con- versant with the problems and the research in this field will assume that the treatment was optimal, and thereby interpret this report as establishing that anticoagulants are ineffec- tive in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.This conclusion is not warranted -the therapeutic level used was not optimal.
Outcome of patients with hemoglobinopathies given either cord blood or bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling
Authors: Franco Locatelli, Nabil Kabbara, Annalisa Ruggeri, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh, Irene Roberts, Chi Kong Li, Françoise Bernaudin, Christiane Vermylen, Jean-Hugues Dalle, Jerry Stein, Robert Wynn, Catherine Cordonnier, Fernando Pinto, Emanuele Angelucci, Gérard Socié, Eliane Gluckman, Mark C. Walters, Vanderson Rocha
Journal: Blood (2013)
Bird Flu Vaccine
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Narrowing the health gap between a deprived and an endowed community
Authors: G N Marsh, D M Channing
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A 15 month campaign by a primary health care team in Stockton on Tees raised the uptake of preventive care of its patients in a severely deprived area to a level generally exceeding that of a more endowed neighbouring community. This was achieved by opportunistic attention after unrelated consultations, writing twice to each household with a list of its outstanding items necessary for preventive care, using health visitors to encourage attendance, and occasionally undertaking preventive care in patients' homes. Extra clerical staff were needed to implement the new recording and monitoring procedures introduced. With rigorous monitoring and organisation general practitioners may improve the uptake of preventive health care by their more deprived patients.
Unicef calls for "global momentum" to scale up interventions to improve children's nutrition
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Worldwide the growth of about 200 million children under the age of 5 years, including a third of those in poor nations, is stunted because of chronic maternal and childhood undernutrition, says a report by Unicef.

More than 90% of the stunted children (defined as having low height for age) in poor nations live in Africa and Asia, which also have the highest average prevalence of stunting, it says.

The report says that a “global momentum” is needed urgently to scale up cost effective interventions to reduce the world’s burden of chronic undernutrition by targeting the countries where it is most prevalent. Interventions include providing vitamins and minerals through fortified foods and supplements, …
Decision Making in Prostate Cancer Screening Using Decision Aids vs Usual Care
Authors: Kathryn L. Taylor, Randi M. Williams, Kimberly Davis, George Luta, Sofiya Penek, Samantha Barry, Scott Kelly, Catherine Tomko, Marc Schwartz, Alexander H. Krist, Steven H. Woolf, Mary B. Fishman, Carmella Cole, Edward Miller
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

IMPORTANCE-The conflicting recommendations for prostate cancer (PCa) screening and the mixed messages communicated to the public about screening effectiveness make it critical to assist men in making informed decisions.OBJECTIVE-To assess the effectiveness of 2 decision aids in helping men make informed PCa screening decisions.
P3-083: Erlotinib as a single agent in the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and good performance status
Authors: Pilar Garrido, Manuel Cobo, Montserrat Doménech, Romá Bastús, Antonio Galán, Inmaculada Maestu, Miguel Ángel Muñoz, Jesús García-Donas, Maria Luz Amador, Bartomeu Massutí
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Third generation oral contraceptive pills
Authors: K. MacRae, C. Kay
Journal: BMJ (1995)

should be the chooser" when it comes to contraception, provided that she is fully informed.The committee's letter has added further complexity to the information that needs to be communicated.Finally, in future how might distress among both pre- scribers and consumers be minimised when new research data affecting prescribing need to be conveyed?Difficult though it will always be, some system ought to be devised to ensure that the vast majority of doctors and pharmacists have received such information at least 24 hours ahead of the media.This can be achieved only with a rigidly enforceable embargo for the media.More importantly, such decisions should, except in extreme circumstances, be announced at the time of full publication of the data rather than weeks in advance.And might not future letters from the Committee on Safety of Medicines incorporate input from actual prescribers of the treatment involved, including a user friendly A4 sheet that doctors could photocopy and give out to patients in their waiting rooms?Readers will doubtless wish to add to these suggestions.
Status Asthmaticus and Pancuronium Bromide
Authors: Norman Levin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The use of neuromuscular blocking agents as an adjunct to accepted drug therapy in medically irreversible status asthmaticus allows time for the drug therapy to become effective. The accessory muscles of respiration are also relaxed and, therefore, a decrease in oxygen demand by the body occurs. Four cases of medically irreversible status asthmaticus occurred in which pancuronium bromide, a new nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent was used. The advantages of pancuronium bromide over the other nondepolarizing agents are that it does not cause histamine release and has no significant cardiovascular effects.