tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of embryonic stem cell–derived midbrain dopaminergic neurons for engraftment
Authors: Yosif M. Ganat, Elizabeth L. Calder, Sonja Kriks, Jenny Nelander, Edmund Y. Tu, Fan Jia, Daniela Battista, Neil Harrison, Malin Parmar, Mark J. Tomishima, Urs Rutishauser, Lorenz Studer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a promising source of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons for applications in Parkinson disease. However, ESC-based transplantation paradigms carry a risk of introducing inappropriate or tumorigenic cells. Cell purification before transplantation may alleviate these concerns and enable identification of the specific DA neuron stage most suitable for cell therapy. Here, we used 3 transgenic mouse ESC reporter lines to mark DA neurons at 3 stages of differentiation (early, middle, and late) following induction of differentiation using Hes5::GFP, Nurr1::GFP, and Pitx3::YFP transgenes, respectively. Transplantation of FACS-purified cells from each line resulted in DA neuron engraftment, with the mid-stage and late-stage neuron grafts being composed almost exclusively of midbrain DA neurons. Mid-stage neuron cell grafts had the greatest amount of DA neuron survival and robustly induced recovery of motor deficits in hemiparkinsonian mice. Our data suggest that the Nurr1+ stage (middle stage) of neuronal differentiation is particularly suitable for grafting ESC-derived DA neurons. Moreover, global transcriptome analysis of progeny from each of the ESC reporter lines revealed expression of known midbrain DA neuron genes and also uncovered previously uncharacterized midbrain genes. These data demonstrate remarkable fate specificity of ESC-derived DA neurons and outline a sequential stage-specific ESC reporter line paradigm for in vivo gene discovery.
Estradiol Enhances the Release of Allergic Mediator from Bone Marrow-derived Mast Cells (BMMCs) Via Estrogen Receptor α (ERα)
Authors: S. Narita, R.M. Goldblum, C.K. Lambert, M. Zaitsu, M.D. Estes, E.G. Brooks, T. Midoro-Horiuti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
The Changing Paradigm of Sexually Transmitted Disease Control in the Era of Managed Health Care
Authors: Robert A. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Several trends in sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have laid the foundation for a new paradigm for STD treatment and prevention that encompasses a community-wide, population-oriented approach. Public health STD programs, in partnership with a wide variety of community collaborators, will need to carry out the essential functions of public health-assessment, policy development, and assurance-by developing resources for community organizing and planning, enhanced information systems, and comprehensive training programs for professional staff and community partners. Community providers (particularly practicing clinicians and community and hospital clinics) will need to deliver primary prevention (community health promotion and clinical preventive services) and secondary prevention (screening and treatment) services while categorical STD clinics focus on providing care for high-risk, high-frequency STD transmitters who serve as the reservoir for much of a community's bacterial STDs. Managed care organizations and public health STD programs will need to formalize collaborative arrangements and capitalize on the strengths of each organization in order to have a population-level impact on STD transmission.
Heterogeneous perfusion insufficiency and three-dimensional microstructure abnormality of coronary capillary network after myocardial reperfusion
Authors: Nozomi Watanabe, Eiji Toyota, Fumiyuki Shigeto, Tatsuya Kajita, Katsukuni Fujimoto, Yasuo Ogasawara, Fumihiko Kalya, Takashi Akasaka, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Skin reactions to ampicillin.
Authors: J R Harris, J D Mahony, J S McCann, H P Lambert, F J Nye, H Stern
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exist an imbalance between CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T regulatory (Treg) and IL-17-producing cells (Th17). Correction of this Treg/Th17 imbalance may have therapeutic impact for SLE patients. Our previous study demonstrated that bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from SLE patients are defective in immune modulation, which might be involved in Treg/Th17 imbalance and disease onset, but the mechanisms are not clear yet. The expression imbalance of microRNAs (miRNAs) can cause cell dysfunction, which participates in a variety of diseases development. As an important computer predicted target of let-7, interlukin-6 (IL-6) is an important negative immune regulatory factors secreted by BMSCs. Our previous experiments found that the expressions of let-7 are markedly down-regulated in SLE BMSCs by microRNA array analysis, and the synthesis of IL-6 is significantly higher in SLE BMSCs compared to normal controls. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate whether loss of let-7 could play its role in SLE BMSCs immune modulation defects by directly up-regulating IL-6 mRNA, which might contribute to Treg/Th17 imbalance in PBMCs from SLE patients, to further understand the pathogenesis of SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> BMSCs were isolated, cultured and expanded from iliac crest bone marrow of four healthy donors and four SLE patients. Real-time PCR was used to further determine the let-7 expression and IL-6 mRNA level in BMSCs from healthy controls and SLE patients. The important computer predicted target of let-7, IL-6 was determined using the luciferase reporter assay. Let-7-mimics, let-7-inhibitor, and let-7-negative control were transfected to BMSCs with using Lipofectamine 2000. BMSCs from healthy controls and SLE patients were co-cultured with PBMCs from SLE patients for 72 hours to detect their effect on the ratio of Treg/Th17. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to normal controls, the expression of let-7 was markedly down-regulated in BMSCs from SLE patients by RT-PCR, and the synthesis of IL-6 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in BMSCs from SLE patients. Compared to let-7-negative controls, transfection of BMSCs with let-7-mimics markedly lower synthesis of TGF-β1 mRNA, and let-7-inhibitor led to an opposite effect. The mean value of Treg/Th17 was significantly decreased in PBMCs from SLE patients compared to normal controls. Transfection of normal BMSCs with let-7-inhibitor caused significant downregulation of Treg/Th17 compared to let-7-negative controls, while transfection with let-7-mimics led to an opposite effect. <h3>Conclusions</h3> SLE patients exist an imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells, which might be associated with up-regulation of IL-6 secretion of BMSCs by loss of let-7. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Nobel Lectures, Including Presentation Speeches and Laureates' Biographies: Physiology or Medicine. 1942-1962
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1964)

For a scientist, the most prestigious of earthly awards is the Nobel Prize. On receiving his award, each recipient delivers, in Stockholm, a Nobel Lecture. Published with taste and skill by the Elsevier Company, this volume is appropriate to the distinguished nature of the addresses recorded. They cover the period 1942-1962. Two additional volumes will be published containing the earlier lectures in physiology or medicine. Accompanying the addresses, in which each scientist describes his award-winning research, are the introductory statements of the Nobel Prize Committee. The editors also include a short biographical commentary on every award winner. Particularly apt is the inclusion of the introductory or presentation remarks, brief skillful résumés which epitomize the background research and put in context the prize winner's contribution. Some of the presentation remarks and Nobel Lectures are translated from other languages. The translators deserve commendation; it is almost impossible to distinguish the translated sections
Meningococcal serogroup Y lpxL1 variants from South Africa are associated with clonal complex 23 among young adults
Authors: Mignon du Plessis, Nicole Wolter, Penny Crowther-Gibson, Hendrik-Jan Hamstra, Kim Schipper, Chivonne Moodley, Cheryl Cohen, Diederik van de Beek, Peter van der Ley, Anne von Gottberg, Arie van der Ende
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Nocardiosis
Authors: O. B. Bobbitt, Irwin H. Friedman, Charles Lupton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE earliest descriptions of this disease were made by Nocard1 and Eppinger.2 Since then more than 57 cases of infection in human beings have been reported.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 The rarity of the disease and a few controversial points of interest have prompted this presentation.Case ReportsCASE 1. J.M., a 50-year-old mechanic, was admitted to the University of Virginia Hospital on January 3, 1950, with the cardinal findings of stupor, fever and a draining sinus in the right hip. He was apparently in good health until November, 1949, when severe pain in the lower back developed. Two weeks later an abscess appeared . . .
Cortisol Circadian Rhythm
Authors: G. M. Besser, P. W. P. Butler
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BJfof=processing only recommended brands of oat products (Table II) should be used.The possibility of deficient folic-acid intake from a gluten-free diet has received attention.Extra folic acid may be provided by liver or a supplement may be given.The nutritional consequences of withdrawing flour from the diet still call for careful consideration.The proportion of various nutrients in the national diet supplied by cereals has risen slightly since 1954, and cereals now supply 34% of dietary iron.The occurrence of disaccharide intolerance in patients with gluten-induced enteropathy may cause problems in the provision of a suitable diet.Even if starch is tolerated, commercially baked gluten-free bread, bis- cuits, and rusks may contain milk products or sucrose and therefore may be unsuitable.We have been informed by the Ministry of Health (E.C.Division, Pharmacy) that gluten-free flour and rusks may be prescribed on form E.C.10, provided that the diagnosis is stated.'TABLE I Gluten-free Flour and Products-Latest informa- tion about availability and costs.Obtainable from Boots the Chemists:Gluten-free flour, 7s.6d. per 2 kg. (Energen) Gluten-free biscuits (Farley and Ligar) Obtainable by post from Welfare Foods Ltd., Stockport, Cheshire: Gluten-free: flour plus yeast, Is. 9d. per lb.flour (no yeast), 9s.4d. per 7 lb.; bread, Is. 4d. per loaf-biscuits (plain), is.4d. per packet- biscuits (chocolate), ls.7d. per packet-rusks, is.7d. per packet; Farley's biscuits, 2s. per packet.Obtainable by post from Procea Ltd., Dublin: Gluten-free flour, 6s.9d. for 3 lb.* Us. 6d. for 7 lb.; and 21s.3d. for 14 lb
Obstructive jaundice and pancreatic disease
Authors: S. Deshmukh, K. Roberts, A. M. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 72 year old man was admitted under the surgical team with a short history of upper abdominal pain associated with vomiting, pruritis, pale stools, and dark urine. Four days earlier he had presented to his general practitioner with a four week history of polydipsia and polyuria. His fasting blood glucose concentration was raised. He was clinically diagnosed with new onset type 2 diabetes and given dietary advice. He drank alcohol occasionally and was a smoker with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 10 years previously.

On examination he was haemodynamically stable, jaundiced, and had a normal temperature. His abdomen was soft and non-tender with no palpable masses. Liver function tests were abnormal: alanine aminotransferase 783 U/L (reference range 3-35), bilirubin 76 μmol/L (3-17; 1 μmol/L=0.06 mg/dL), and alkaline phosphatase 911 U/L (30-35). His C reactive protein was 111 nmol/L (reference value <100; 1 nmol/L=0.1 mg/L ) and serum amylase was normal. With the exception of hyperglycaemia, routine blood tests were normal. He was started on an insulin sliding scale with fluid replacement.

Ultrasonography showed intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary dilation, although no cause was identified. No obstructing or mass lesion was seen on computed tomography of the abdomen (fig 1⇓). The cross sectional images helped confirm the diagnosis and were supported by a serum test.



Fig 1 Computed tomogram of the abdomen (cross sectional view)





### 1 What abnormality can be seen in fig 1 and what is the likely diagnosis given these findings and the history?

#### Short answer

Figure 1 shows a diffusely swollen pancreas with loss of normal gland lobulation. Dilation of the common bile duct is present but no mass lesion. The likely diagnosis is …
Prognosis of chronic alcoholic liver disease (CLAD)
Authors: E. González-Reimers, F. Santolaria-Fernández, M.M. Brajín-Rodríguez, A. conde-Martel, F. Rodríguez-Mareno, C. García-Castro, N. Batista-López, E. Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide Dramatically Lowers Plasma Cholesterol and Restores Endothelial Function in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits
Authors: Himanshu Gupta, C. Roger White, Shaila Handattu, David W. Garber, Geeta Datta, Manjula Chaddha, Lijun Dai, Sandra H. Gianturco, William A. Bradley, G.M. Anantharamaiah
Journal: Circulation (2005)

These studies were designed to determine whether the dual-domain peptide with a class A amphipathic helix linked to the receptor-binding domain of apolipoprotein (apo) E (Ac-hE-18A-NH2) possesses both antidyslipidemic and antiinflammatory properties.A single bolus (15 mg/kg IV) of Ac-hE-18A-NH2 that contains LRKLRKRLLR (141- to 150-residue region of apo E) covalently linked to apo A-I mimetic peptide 18A not only reduced plasma cholesterol levels (baseline, 562+/-29.0 mg/dL versus 287.7+/-22.0 mg/dL at 18 hours, P<0.001) in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit model but also significantly improved arterial endothelial function. This improvement was associated with a reduction in 2 markers of oxidative stress. First, the plasma lipid hydroperoxide content was reduced significantly, an effect associated with a 5-fold increase in HDL paraoxonase activity. Second, the formation of superoxide anion, a scavenger of nitric oxide, was also significantly reduced in arteries of these animals.Because dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction are common features of the atherosclerotic disease process, this unique dual-domain peptide has ideal composite properties that ameliorate key contributory factors to atherosclerosis.
Evaluation of the Severity of Mitral Stenosis and Regurgitation
Authors: ALBERT J. LIBANOFF, SIMON RODBARD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Indices have been developed that provide an improved means for evaluation of the degrees of severity of mitral stenosis and regurgitation. The severity of anatomic mitral valve disease found at surgery or autopsy was considered to be the determinant of the state of the valve. An index of the time for the diastolic atrioventricular pressure gradient to fall to half its value multiplied by 100 and divided by the cardiac index was shown to be comparable to the severity of anatomic stenosis. This index ranged from 5.7 to 10 in mitral stenosis, 0.4 to 0.8 in normal subjects, and 0.6 to 2.0 in patients with predominant mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation was estimated by an index of the rate of the atrial pressure rise during ventricular systole in mm. Hg/0.02 second multiplied by 10, and divided by the cardiac index. In predominant mitral regurgitation, this index ranged from 8.0 to 15; in mitral stenosis these values were 3.7 to 6.3, and normal subjects had an index varying from 2.5 to 3.7. Both indices were significantly elevated in patients in whom stenosis and regurgitation were present at surgery. Mitral stenosis complicated by a mild degree of regurgitation gave significantly elevated stenotic indices, while the regurgitation indices were normal or slightly elevated. These indices facilitate the evaluation of either mitral stenosis or regurgitation even when both processes are present together. The significance of these indices in the evaluation of the degree of invalidism in patients with valvular disease is also discussed.
AMA House of Delegates Adopts Comprehensive Measures on AIDS
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS on  acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in  interim report accepted by  AMA House of Delegates last month provide an objective framework on which physicians can structure their response to this disease in  coordinated fashion, according to Lonnie R. Bristow, MD,  member of  AMA Board of Trustees from San Pablo, Calif.  Copies of  report, entitled Prevention and Control of AIDS, will be distributed to all state and county medical associations. Bristow said he expects this information to give individual physicians a sense of direction that they can use to guide others in  rational way, as well as serving as authoritative support for influencing legislative action from  local to  federal level. In particular, he said, the report has begun to shine  light of day on  very real problems of confidentiality, as they surface both in  physician-patient relationship and
Abstract 1390: Endothelin-1/ETBR axis promote COX-2 production and migration in human chondrosarcoma cells through MAPK and AP-1 pathways
Authors: Min Huan Wu, James A Lin, Chih-Yang Huang, Chih-Hsin Tang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) the most potent vasoconstrictor, plays a crucial role in migration and metastasis of human cancer cells. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been implicated in tumor metastasis. However, the effects of ET-1 in migration and COX-2 expression in chondrosarcoma cells are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ET-1 is associated with the motility of human chondrosarcoma cell. We found that treatment of human chondrosarcoma cells (JJ012 cells) with ET-1 increased migration and expression of COX-2. Activations of MAPK (p38, JNK and ERK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathways after ET-1 treatment were demonstrated, and ET-1-induced expression of COX-2 and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor and mutant of Endothelin B receptor (ETBR), MAPK and AP-1 cascades. Moreover, ET-1 increased the binding of c-Jun to the AP-1 element on the COX-2 promoter. ETBR and MAPK inhibitor reduced ET-1 mediated binding activity and AP-1 luciferase activity. Taken together, our results indicated that ET-1 enhances the migration of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing COX-2 expression through the ETBR axis, MAPK and AP-1 signal transduction pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1390
Efficacy and safety of consensus interferon (CIFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) for naive patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC): Final report of a pilot study
Authors: G. Fattovich, I. Zagni, E. Minola, M. Felder, P. Rovere, A. Carlotto, S. Suppressa, A. Miracolo, C. Paternoster, C. Rizzo, A. Rossini, P. Benedetti, P. Pignalosa, P. Costa, C. Ferrara, M. Pantalena, C. Scattolini, A. Tagger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Lung Opening and Closing during Ventilation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Pietro Caironi, Massimo Cressoni, Davide Chiumello, Marco Ranieri, Michael Quintel, Sebastiano G. Russo, Rodrigo Cornejo, Guillermo Bugedo, Eleonora Carlesso, Riccarda Russo, Luisa Caspani, Luciano Gattinoni
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: The effects of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strictly depend on lung recruitability, which varies widely during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, increasing PEEP may lead to opposing effects on two main factors potentially worsening the lung injury, that is, alveolar strain and intratidal opening and closing, being detrimental (increasing the former) or beneficial (decreasing the latter).Objectives: To investigate how lung recruitability influences alveolar strain and intratidal opening and closing after the application of high PEEP.Methods: We analyzed data from a database of 68 patients with acute lung injury or ARDS who underwent whole-lung computed tomography at 5, 15, and 45 cm H2O airway pressure.Measurements and Main Results: End-inspiratory nonaerated lung tissue was estimated from computed tomography pressure–volume curves. Alveolar strain and opening and closing lung tissue were computed at 5 and 15 cm H2O PEEP. In patients with a higher percentage of potentially recruitable lung, the increase in PEEP markedly reduced opening and closing lung tissue (P < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed in patients with a lower percentage of potentially recruitable lung. In contrast, alveolar strain similarly increased in the two groups (P = 0.89). Opening and closing lung tissue was distributed mainly in the dependent and hilar lung regions, and it appeared to be an independent risk factor for death (odds ratio, 1.10 for each 10-g increase).Conclusions: In ARDS, especially in patients with higher lung recruitability, the beneficial impact of reducing intratidal alveolar opening and closing by increasing PEEP prevails over the effects of increasing alveolar strain.
The duty of care: medical negligence.
Authors: D Kloss
Journal: BMJ (1984)

This tenth article in a series on National Health Service administration and management reviews the current status of malpractice/negligence law in Great Britain. Among the topics discussed are the liability concerns of administrative units within the NHS; recent decisions in English negligence cases involving questions of established practice, informed consent, legal responsibility of employers, supervisors, and subordinates, and potential liability for lack of medical resources; and the best way of managing civil actions for compensation following medical accidents.
Corticosteroids and Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Henry N. Claman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

GLUCOCORTICOSTEROID hormones of the adrenal cortex have striking pharmacologic effects on lymphoid tissues and cells. These effects form part of the basis for the widespread use of these hormones in the treatment of a variety of diseases involving immunologic, inflammatory or neoplastic processes. The subject is large and has been reviewed in the past,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 but many questions remain to be answered.The purpose of this article is to take a new look at the subject, concentrating on three aspects. The first is species differences in susceptibility to corticosteroids. (Although these differences have been noted before, they are often overlooked; they . . .
Lead hazard in British stained glass workers.
Authors: P J Baxter, A M Samuel, M P Holkham
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Lead hazard in British stained glass workers Few studies have been undertaken into lead exposure among stained glass workers.In a recent survey of a studio in the United States Landrigan and his colleagues concluded that the blood lead concentra- tions were within acceptable limits for occupational exposure.'We have surveyed four stained glass workshops, the largest in Britain, and found that the potential for lead exposure is greater than previously recognised.All the workshops manufactured stained glass and restored windows in churches and other historical buildings; two were attached to cathedrals.
Regulation by CD25+ lymphocytes of autoantigen-specific T-cell responses in Goodpasture's (anti-GBM) disease
Authors: Alan D. Salama, Afzal N. Chaudhry, Kathryn A. Holthaus, Karen Mosley, Raghu Kalluri, Mohamed H. Sayegh, Robert I. Lechler, Charles D. Pusey, Liz Lightstone
Journal: Kidney International (2003)