tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methadone Treatment of Heroin Addicts
Authors: Robert A. Maslansky
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Isn't the issue raised by Dobbs' paper (<b>218</b>:1536, 1971) and the accompanying EDITORIAL this: By doing something are we not better off than doing nothing about the opiate addiction epidemic? In places where addiction to opiates represents the single largest public health problem, mobilizing the community and especially the granting agencies has been, at best, difficult. In areas where the problem has been more adequately met, more than impressions of the results of methadone treatment have become available. Some have been published. The Narcotics Treatment Administration program in Washington, DC, is one of several triaging-type efforts made in high incidence areas. A need to structure the triaging response with guidelines is quite apparent. What concerns me, however, is that the operation of a clinic responding to an emergent situation may require widely different rules than one responding to an endemic situation where more controlled admission procedures
Evaluation of the population distribution of dietary contaminant exposure in an Arctic population using Monte Carlo statistics.
Authors: H M Chan, P R Berti, O Receveur, H V Kuhnlein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Organochlorines and heavy metals have bioaccumulated in Arctic wildlife, which is an important food source for the Inuit. In this study, we have developed a statistical model to describe the population distribution of contaminant exposure and the usual intake of the high-end contaminant consumers. Monte Carlo methods are used to account for variations due to seasonal dietary pattern and contaminant concentrations. Distribution of the dietary intake of the contaminants of most concern-mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlordane, and toxaphenes-are described. Over 50% of the residents had dietary exposure levels exceeding the tolerable daily intake or provisional tolerable daily intake for Hg, toxaphene, and chlordane (83, 91, and 71% for men and 73, 85, and 56% for women, respectively). The high-end consumers (i.e. the 95th centile) have intake levels 6 times higher than the provisional tolerable weekly intake of Hg, and over 20 times the tolerable daily intake of chlordane and toxaphene. Assessment of health risks of the relative high contaminant exposure in this community must also consider the nutritional, economical, cultural, and social importance of these traditional foods. A comprehensive risk management scheme has yet to be developed.
Tomographic Three-dimensional Echocardiographic Determination of Chamber Size and Systolic Function in Patients With Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Thomas Buck, Peter Hunold, Klaus U. Wentz, Wolfgang Tkalec, H. Joachim Nesser, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic approaches based on geometric assumptions face the greatest limitations and inaccuracies in patients with left ventricular (LV) aneurysms. Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic techniques can potentially overcome these limitations; to date, however, although tested in experimental models of aneurysms, they have not been applied to a series of patients with such distortion. The purpose of this study was therefore to validate the clinical application of tomographic 3D echocardiography (3DE) by the routine transthoracic approach to determine LV chamber size and systolic function without geometric assumptions in patients with LV aneurysms. Methods and Results In 23 patients with chronic stable LV aneurysms, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV, LVESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) by tomographic 3DE were compared with results from 3D magnetic resonance tomography (3DMRT) as an independent reference as well as with the conventional techniques of single plane and biplane 2D echocardiography and biplane cineventriculography. Dynamic 3DE image data sets were obtained from a transthoracic apical view with the use of a rotating probe with acquisition gated to control for ECG and respiration (Echoscan, TomTec). Volumes were calculated from the 3D data sets by summating the volumes of multiple parallel disks. 3DE results correlated and agreed well with those by 3DMRT, with better correlation and agreement than provided by other techniques for LVEDV (3DE: r =.97, SEE=14.7 mL, SD of differences from 3DMRT=14.5 mL; other techniques: r =.84 to .93, SEE=30.7 to 41.6 mL [ P &lt;.001 versus 3DE by F test], SD of differences=31.5 to 40.7 mL [ P &lt;.001 versus 3DE by F test]). The same also pertained to LVESV (3DE: r =.97, SEE=12.4 mL, SD of differences=12.9 mL; other techniques: r =.81 to .90, SEE=24.7 to 37.2 mL [ P &lt;.001], SD of differences=27.6 to 36.8 mL [ P &lt;.005]) and LVEF (3DE: r =.74, SEE=5.6%, SD of differences=6.7%; other techniques: r =.14 to .59, SEE=9.5% to 10.1% [ P &lt;.01], SD of differences=9.5% to 12.6% [ P &lt;.05]). Compared with 3DMRT, 3DE was less time consuming and patient discomfort was less. Conclusions Tomographic 3DE is an accurate noninvasive technique for calculating LV volumes and systolic function in patients with LV aneurysm. Unlike current 2D methods, tomographic 3DE requires no geometric assumptions that limit accuracy.
Rapid Determination of Intraocular Lens Tilt and Decentration Through the Undilated Pupil
Authors: David L. Guyton, Hiroshi Uozato, H. Jay Wisnicki
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

The apparent optical axis of an implanted intraocular lens (IOL) can be located by alignment of the examiner's hand light with the third and fourth Purkinje images from the front and back surfaces of the IOL. Tilt of the IOL can be estimated (or measured with an arc perimeter) by the angle between the apparent optical axis and the patient's line of sight (actual tilt approximately 0.85 x apparent tilt). Decentration of the IOL is easily detected, equal to the distance of the IOL optical axis from the center of the pupil. This simple technique can be used through the natural pupil with posterior chamber IOLs, providing the optical axis of the malpositioned IOL still passes through the pupil.
Possibility of downregulation of atrial natriuretic peptide receptor coupled to guanylate cyclase in peripheral vascular beds of patients with chronic severe heart failure.
Authors: T Tsutamoto, T Kanamori, N Morigami, Y Sugimoto, O Yamaoka, M Kinoshita
Journal: Circulation (1993)

High levels of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are thought to compensate the condition of patients with heart failure by reducing preload and afterload. However, recent reports have indicated that a high plasma ANP level is a prognostic predictor in patients with heart failure. Therefore, the role of endogenous ANP has not been clearly established in patients with heart failure.The plasma ANP and cGMP levels were determined in the femoral artery and the femoral vein of 97 patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). The plasma ANP level decreased significantly, whereas the plasma cGMP levels increased significantly from the femoral artery to the femoral vein. Among patients with mild CHF (n = 52), the plasma cGMP level correlated with the ANP level, and the calculated ANP extraction level also correlated with the calculated cGMP production in the peripheral circulation (r = 0.70, p < 0.001). In contrast, these correlations were not found in patients with severe CHF (n = 45). Among these patients, the plasma cGMP levels seemed to reach a plateau despite high levels of plasma ANP, and the molar ratio of cGMP production to ANP extraction in the peripheral circulation was significantly lower than in patients with mild CHF (36.7 +/- 9.5 versus 183 +/- 17, p < 0.001). In patients with acute severe CHF (n = 9) and those with mild CHF, patients who were administered exogenous ANP, plasma cGMP levels increased in proportion to those of plasma ANP without saturation.These results indicate that downregulation of ANP receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase may occur in the peripheral vascular beds of patients with chronic severe CHF.
Complement system in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H Sonozaki, M Torisu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

Immunological processes have been thought to play a role in rheumatoid arthritis, but no conclusive evidence has yet been obtained.Rheumatoid factor (RA factor) is known to be an antibody-like pro- tein frequently found in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but it has not been proved that it has any immediate relationship with the inflammatory processes of the disease, and the specific 'auto-antibody' has not yet been detected.However, many biological phenomena, which take place in immunological reactions are caused not only by the specific antibody but also by nonspecific serum factors such as those of the comple- ment system or the fibrinolysin system.The complement system is a group of serum proteins consisting of nine components designated Cl, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 (Nelson, Jensen, Gigli, and Tamura, 1966; Miiller-Eberhard, 1965), which interact with antigen-antibody com- plexes in this sequence.Cl is activated by antigen-antibody complexes and acquires esterase activity which destroys C4 and C2 (Lepow, Ratnoff, Rosen, and Pillemer, 1956).It also enhances the permeability of the walls of capillary vessels (Dias da Silva and Lepow, 1965).C4 is a component which reacts with antigenantibody Cl complexes.It is identified antigenically as iE globulin (Muller-Eberhard and Biro, 1963).C3 is activated by the effect of activated C4, C2 complexes (Miuller-Eberhard, Polley, and Calcott, 1967) and acquires peptidase activity (Cooper and Becker.1967).Activated C3 causes some important immunological reactions, such as immune ad- herence (Nishioka, 1963) and immune phagocytosis Material and Methods SYNOVIAL FLUIDS These were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other arthritides.Nineteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilled the American Rheumatoid Association's criteria for definite or classical rheumatoid zrthritis.They represented all degrees of disease activity, and had received many different therapeutic agents, including salicylates, phenylbutazone, gold salts, indomethacine, and cortico,teroids.Seventeen patients with osteoarthritis had a charac- teristic history of noninflammatory arthritis and typical radiological and synovial fluid findings.Twelve patients with other arthritic conditions, includ- ing gouty, post-traumatic, and infectious arthritis, had acute arthritis and/or characteristic histories.
In vivo phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter mapping identifies disrupted hormonal synergism as a target of inflammation during sepsis in mice
Authors: Evgeny Chichelnitskiy, Alexandros Vegiopoulos, Mauricio Berriel Diaz, Anja Ziegler, Anna Kleiman, Alexander Rauch, Jan Tuckermann, Stephan Herzig
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

In mammals, proper maintenance of blood glucose levels within narrow limits is one of the most critical prerequisites for healthy energy homeostasis and body function. Consequently, hyper- and hypoglycemia represent hallmarks of severe metabolic pathologies, including type II diabetes and acute sepsis, respectively. Although the liver plays a crucial role in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis, the molecular mechanisms of aberrant hepatic glucose regulation under metabolic stress conditions remain largely unknown. Here we report the development of a liver-specific adenoviral in vivo system for monitoring promoter activity of the key gluconeogenic enzyme gene phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in mice. By employing in vivo promoter deletion technology, the glucocorticoid response unit (GRU) and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element (CRE) were identified as critical cis-regulatory targets of proinflammatory signaling under septic conditions. In particular, both elements were found to be required for inhibition of PEPCK transcription during sepsis, thereby mediating endotoxic hypoglycemia. Indeed, expression of nuclear receptor cofactor peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), the molecular mediator of GRU/CRE synergism on the PEPCK promoter, was found to be specifically repressed in septic liver, and restoration of PGC-1α in cytokine-exposed hepatocytes blunted the inhibitory effect of proinflammatory signaling on PEPCK gene expression. Conclusion: The dysregulation of hormonal synergism through the repression of PGC-1α as identified by in vivo promoter monitoring may provide a molecular rationale for hypoglycemia during sepsis, thereby highlighting the importance of hepatic glucose homeostasis for metabolic dysfunction in these patients. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Oncogenic and sorafenib-sensitive ARAF mutations in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Marcin Imielinski, Heidi Greulich, Bethany Kaplan, Luiz Araujo, Joseph Amann, Leora Horn, Joan Schiller, Miguel A. Villalona-Calero, Matthew Meyerson, David P. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Targeted cancer therapies often induce "outlier" responses in molecularly defined patient subsets. One patient with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma, who was treated with oral sorafenib, demonstrated a near-complete clinical and radiographic remission for 5 years. Whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing of primary tumor and normal samples from this patient identified a somatic mutation, ARAF S214C, present in the cancer genome and expressed at high levels. Additional mutations affecting this residue of ARAF and a nearby residue in the related kinase RAF1 were demonstrated across 1% of an independent cohort of lung adenocarcinoma cases. The ARAF mutations were shown to transform immortalized human airway epithelial cells in a sorafenib-sensitive manner. These results suggest that mutant ARAF is an oncogenic driver in lung adenocarcinoma and an indicator of sorafenib response.
LUNG SPECT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Authors: H. F. Corbus, J. P. Seitz, D. E. Stobbe, R. Larson, W. Wooten, R. D. Chavez, H. Edmonds, T. Vig, T. Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Corbus, H. F.; Seitz, J. P.; Stobbe, D. E.; Larson, R.; Wooten, W.; Chavez, R. D.; Edmonds, H.; Vig, T.; Lee, T. Author Information
Hand Lotions — A Potential Nosocomial Hazard
Authors: Leonard J. Morse, Laima E. Schonbeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

MANY reports describing the increased occurrence of Cram-negative bacterial infection in hospitalized patients have appeared in the past few years.1 2 3 4 An annual analysis (Fig. 1) of positive blood cultures at the Saint Vincent Hospital depicts a significant decrease during the past five years in the occurrence of septicemia due to Staphylococcus aureus and an increase due to gram-negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter (Aerobacter), and Serratia marcescens. The increased total number of blood cultures taken per year is attributed to an additional 140 hospital beds made available in 1965, and the continued emphasis that multiple blood cultures be . . .
Managing Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

OBSTETRICIANS and internists have resolved a long-standing disagreement about managing the hypertensive pregnant patient. Traditionally, obstetricians have been cautious about taking steps to reduce blood pressures in pregnancy for fear of compromising the circulation to the fetus, except in certain circumstances. On the other hand, "we internists have tended to throw up our hands whenever obstetricians say 'don't treat'," says Ray Gifford, MD, Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Gifford chaired a nine-member working group, sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, to resolve these differences. The report has the approval of
Inducible and repressable oncogene-addicted hepatocellular carcinoma in Tet-on xmrk transgenic zebrafish
Authors: Zhen Li, Xiaoqian Huang, Huiqing Zhan, Zhiqiang Zeng, Caixia Li, Jan M. Spitsbergen, Svenja Meierjohann, Manfred Schartl, Zhiyuan Gong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
367 PPAR-A activators, WY-14,643 and fenofibrates, inhibit hepatic fibrosis in experimental rat model via antioxidant effect
Authors: T TOYAMA, A YAMAUCHI, Y HARANO, H NAKAMURA, M MINAMI, Y ITOH, T OKANOU
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

To investigate the alteration of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system in hepatic encephalopathy (HE), we measured the concentrations of choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain of mice with thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver failure using a high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). The concentrations of Ch and ACh in TAA-treated mice decreased in most regional brain areas as compared to control mice. In particular, Ch significantly decreased in the cortex (P < 0.05), hippocampus (P < 0.01), hypothalamus (P < 0.05), midbrain (P < 0.01) and medulla oblongata (P < 0.01). Similarly, ACh significantly decreased in the striatum (P < 0.01), hippocampus (P < 0.01), midbrain (P < 0.01) and medulla oblongata (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the suppression of the cholinergic neurotransmitter system may play a role in the pathogenesis of HE in acute liver failure.
Correction: Gastric Function in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Manley Cohen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1989Correction: Gastric Function in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Manley Cohen, MDManley Cohen, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-3-248_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The two interesting articles by Lake-Bakaar and colleagues show that gastric acid is decreased in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1) and that patients with AIDS receiving ketoconazole therapy should also be given acid to normalize the drug's absorption (2).I am confused about whether mucus secretion is increased or decreased in these patients. This confusion is probably due to printer's errors. On page 502, the authors state, "Mucus concentration was higher in controls . . . than in . . . AIDS, . . . as was mucus output. . . . In contrast,...References1. Lake-BakaarQuadrosBeidas GES. Gastric secretory failure in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:502-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lake-BakaarTomLake-Bakaar GWD. Gastropathy and ketoconazole malabsorption in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:471-3. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Lake-BakaarQuadrosBeidas GES. Gastric secretory failure in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:502-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lake-BakaarTomLake-Bakaar GWD. Gastropathy and ketoconazole malabsorption in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:471-3. LinkGoogle Scholar3. KarlssonBurmanLoof RPL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of H + , K + -ATPase, the parietal cell antigen. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987;70:604-10. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBacterial and Fungal InfectionsInvited Review: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Malnutrition: Role of Gastrointestinal Pathology 1 February 1989Volume 110, Issue 3Page: 248-249KeywordsAIDSAttentionDrug absorptionMucus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medical isotope company urges Canadian government to fulfil its promise to build plant
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A medical isotope company has urged the Canadian government and the state owned Atomic Energy of Canada Limited to fulfil contractual obligations made in 1996 to build two isotope production reactors to replace the National Research Universal reactor, which was closed earlier this year, causing a worldwide shortage of medical isotopes.

Originally planned to be fully operational in 2000, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited agreed to build the project, called Maple, for $C145m (£81m; €93m; $129m), to be paid for by MDS Nordion, a producer of medical isotopes, the company says in a news release (www.mds.nordion.com).

Steve West, president of Nordion, said, “The solution to the global medical isotope crisis is in Canada. The infrastructure is in place, and with the assistance of an international consortium of nuclear experts, the MAPLE facilities could be producing medical isotopes to the benefit of patients worldwide.”

Nordion …
Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase Activity and Diffuse Interstitial Pneumonitis
Authors: Richard A. DeRemee
Journal: JAMA (1968)

At the Mayo Clinic, elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was observed in five patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. This finding may have significance in terms of the differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary disease, the selection of patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonitis for treatment with corticosteroids, the level and duration of such treatment, and the prognosis for such patients.
X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. Diagnosis in males with sporadic severe combined immunodeficiency and clarification of clinical findings.
Authors: M E Conley, R H Buckley, R Hong, C Guerra-Hanson, C M Roifman, J A Brochstein, S Pahwa, J M Puck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Over 80% of infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) of unknown genetic etiology are males, yet less than a third of these affected males have a family history of X-linked disease. To help identify new mutations of the X-linked SCID gene and to provide genetic counseling, X chromosome inactivation patterns in T cells from 16 women who had sons with sporadic SCID were examined. Between 9 and 35 human/hamster hybrids that selectively retained the active human X chromosome were produced from the T cells of each woman and analyzed with an X-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism for which the woman in question was heterozygous. Exclusive use of a single X as the active X was seen in the T cell hybrids from 7 of the 16 women, identifying these women as carriers of X-linked SCID. Studies on additional family members confirmed the mutant nature of the inactive X and revealed the source of the new mutation in three families. To determine whether there were any laboratory characteristics that might differentiate the boys whose mothers were identified as carriers of X-linked SCID from those whose mothers were not, the clinical records of both groups were compared to each other and to a group of 14 boys with a family history of X-linked SCID. The most consistent finding in the 21 patients with X-linked SCID was an elevated proportion of B cells. These data demonstrate the high incidence of spontaneous mutation for the X-linked SCID gene and help clarify the characteristic presenting features of this disorder.
Potential Role of FDG PET/CT Imaging for Assessing Venous Thromboembolic Disorders
Authors: Søren Hess, Poul Henning Madsen, Sandip Basu, Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Hess, Søren MD; Madsen, Poul Henning MD; Basu, Sandip MD; Høilund-Carlsen, Poul Flemming MD, DMSc; Alavi, Abass MD, DSc, PhD Author Information