tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia in Homosexual Patients
Authors: CHRISTINE WALSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Thirty-three homosexual patients with thrombocytopenia (mean [± SE] platelet count, 50 000 ± 7000/mm3; range, 7 to 135 000/mm3) have been followed for a mean period of 20 ± 2 months. Six patients have developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 1 to 37 months after the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. Six patients spontaneously reverted to normal platelet counts 5 to 27 months (median, 10 months) after the diagnosis of thrombocytopenia, in the absence of splenectomy and while not receiving corticosteroids. Sixteen of seventeen patients had a moderate to excellent response while on corticosteroid treatment. Ten of ten patients had an excellent response to splenectomy which has persisted. Fifteen patients did not require treatment for their thrombocytopenia. Thirteen of fourteen patients had antibody against the retrovirus associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, as did 4 of 12 homosexual controls without thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia in homosexuals is part of the complex related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Impairment of brain endothelial glucose transporter by methamphetamine causes blood-brain barrier dysfunction
Authors: P M Abdul Muneer, Saleena Alikunju, Adam M Szlachetka, L Charles Murrin, James Haorah
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Methamphetamine (METH), an addictive psycho-stimulant drug with euphoric effect is known to cause neurotoxicity due to oxidative stress, dopamine accumulation and glial cell activation. Here we hypothesized that METH-induced interference of glucose uptake and transport at the endothelium can disrupt the energy requirement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and integrity. We undertake this study because there is no report of METH effects on glucose uptake and transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to date.In this study, we demonstrate that METH-induced disruption of glucose uptake by endothelium lead to BBB dysfunction. Our data indicate that a low concentration of METH (20 μM) increased the expression of glucose transporter protein-1 (GLUT1) in primary human brain endothelial cell (hBEC, main component of BBB) without affecting the glucose uptake. A high concentration of 200 μM of METH decreased both the glucose uptake and GLUT1 protein levels in hBEC culture. Transcription process appeared to regulate the changes in METH-induced GLUT1 expression. METH-induced decrease in GLUT1 protein level was associated with reduction in BBB tight junction protein occludin and zonula occludens-1. Functional assessment of the trans-endothelial electrical resistance of the cell monolayers and permeability of dye tracers in animal model validated the pharmacokinetics and molecular findings that inhibition of glucose uptake by GLUT1 inhibitor cytochalasin B (CB) aggravated the METH-induced disruption of the BBB integrity. Application of acetyl-L-carnitine suppressed the effects of METH on glucose uptake and BBB function.Our findings suggest that impairment of GLUT1 at the brain endothelium by METH may contribute to energy-associated disruption of tight junction assembly and loss of BBB integrity.
Impaired coronary collateral vessel recruitment in diabetes mellitus: evidence for defective ischemic tolerance
Authors: Yilmaz Nisanci, Murat Sezer, Berrin Umman, Sabahattin Umman, Huseyin Oflaz, Ercument Yilmaz, Faruk Erzengin, Onal Ozsaruhan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A1.4 Early Signs of Subclinical Inflammation and Local Antibody Production in Early Rheumatoid Lungs
Authors: Gudrun Reynisdottir, Reza Karimi, Helga Olsen, Vijay Joshua, Aase Haj Hensvold, Anders Harju, Marianne Engström, Johan Grunewald, Sven Nyren, Anders Eklund, Lars Klareskog, Magnus Sköld, Anca Irinel Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate if lung changes are present in RA patients early in the disease process and to address the contribution of these changes to disease initiation. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> 21 RA patients with symptom duration less than 1 year at the time of diagnosis and naive to DMARD treatment and 8 healthy individuals were subjected to bronchoscopy and mucosal large bronchial biopsies were retrieved. Histological analysis for identification of inducible bronchia associated lymphoid tissues (iBALT), PAD enzymes, CD3, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR expression were performed. Presence of citrullinated targets were detected by immunohistochemistry using biotinylated ACPA isolated from synovial fluid of RA patients. Presence of ACPA and ACPA fine specificities were tested by ELISA in the serum and BAL of RA patients. Mass spectrometry was used for identification of citrullinated epitopes in 6 of the lung biopsies and additional 8 synovial RA biopsies. <h3>Results</h3> iBALT formation and higher expression of CD3, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR and citrullinated targets was observed in bronchial biopsies of ACPA positive RA. A majority of serum ACPA positive RA patients subjected to lung bronchoscopy had detectable levels of ACPA in the BAL fluids both IgA and IgG. IgG from BAL fluids of ACPA-positive patients showed a higher ACPA reactivity as compared to serum IgG from the same patients. Mass spectometry identified 5 proteins in the synovium (in total 8 sites) and 4 in the lungs (in total 6 sites) containing citrullinated residues. Two vimentin derived citrullinated peptides were present in a majority of both synovial and lung biopsies with slightly higher citrullinated/unmodified peptides ratios in the smokers as compared to non-smokers. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Lung subclinical inflammation is present already at the earliest visit to a rheumatology specialist early after disease onset in ACPA + RA patients. These findings suggest that the lungs might be the primary local initiation sites of the anti-citrulline response in RA.
Griseofulvin-Warfarin Antagonism
Authors: Stanley I. Cullen
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE DEMONSTRATION that the metabolism of one drug can alter the metabolism of another has occasioned considerable interest.<sup>1</sup>Recent experimental work has shown that an increase within cells of the liver of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum parallels an increase of this altered metabolism.<sup>2</sup>Of further interest is the fact that the same or similar loci seem to be implicated in cholesterol synthesis.<sup>3</sup>Because it has been reported that the metabolism of both griseofulvin and coumarin congeners are increased by treatment with phenobarbital, presumably via enzyme induction,<sup>4,5</sup>it seemed within reason that one of these might act as an inducer to accelerate metabolism of the other. It should be noted, however, that the fact that a drug either acts as an inducer or is subject to altered metabolism via enzyme induction does not necessarily indicate that it will function in both capacities. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A
CARDIAC DISTURBANCES IN GOITER
Authors: JOHN PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In the study of a large series of cases of diseases of the thyroid gland, one is impressed with the frequency with which disturbances of the heart are encountered, particularly in cases of hyperthyroidism. These cardiac disturbances vary from a simple tachycardia, or tachycardia associated with various forms of arrhythmia, to cardiac decompensation with engorged liver, ascites and edema of the feet. The important practical problems in these cases are the following: 1. Is the condition of the heart such that an operation for relief of the hyperthyroidism can be safely performed? 2. Will the condition of the heart be improved by such an operation? The association of cardiac disturbances with goiter was recognized as early as 1815 by Parry, who in his original description cited the case of a patient whom he had seen in 1786. Graves (1835), Basedow (1845), Stokes (1854) and Trousseau (1856) also mention the cardiac
Generalized eruptive histiocytosis: a possible therapeutic cure?
Authors: Y-J. Deng, F. Hao, C-L. Zhou, R-S. Sun, M-M. Xiang, J-W. Wang, B-Y. Zhong, Q-Y. Ye, R-Q. Liu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Generalized eruptive histiocytosis: a possible therapeutic cure? Get access Y‐J. Deng, Y‐J. Deng Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Hao, F. Hao Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Fei Hao, E‐mail: haofei@mail.tmmu.com.cn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C‐L. Zhou, C‐L. Zhou Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R‐S. Sun, R‐S. Sun Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M‐M. Xiang, M‐M. Xiang Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐W. Wang, J‐W. Wang Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B‐Y. Zhong, B‐Y. Zhong Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Q‐Y. Ye, Q‐Y. Ye Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R‐Q. Liu R‐Q. Liu Department of Dermatology, South‐west Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 150, Issue 1, 1 January 2004, Pages 171–173, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05699.x Published: 01 January 2004
Snoring and sleep apnoea
Authors: D Whinney, P Williamson, P Bicknell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Analyses of this kind are beset by problems of colinearity, particularly of variables pertaining to practice organisation."Female partner in the practice" is the only such variable entered into the multiple regression model of Majeed and colleagues.This variable is, by virtue of its construction, highly correlated with partnership size.Our data suggest that both these variables have an independent effect of similar magnitude.
Alan Guttmacher, M.D. — A Life Fulfilled
Authors: Somers H. Sturgis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

As little as seven years ago, it was a criminal offense here in Massachusetts for a registered physician to prescribe any measure for the prevention of pregnancy, let alone any steps leading to its termination. Since then the Commonwealth has reluctantly given way, step by step, to sweeping changes in the morals and mores of our culture that justify the term, the sexual revolution. Censorship has become synonymous with prudery; four-letter words previously unprintable are commonly encountered, and abortion, since the Supreme Court's stamp of legality, seems to symbolize the cause of Women's Liberation.A fair evaluation of the underlying . . .
Abstract C18: Interpreting the cancer genome using the Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB) Database
Authors: Debra M. Krupke, Dale A. Begley, Steven B. Neuhauser, Joel E. Richardson, John P. Sundberg, Carol J. Bult, Janan T. Eppig
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract For over a century cancer biologists have utilized the laboratory mouse in the study of cancer biology. Many mouse models recapitulate the genetic abnormalities observed in human cancers. The Mouse Tumor Biology Database (MTB; http://tumor.informatics.jax.org) provides multiple tools to explore and interpret the cancer genome. These tools include the ability to search MTB using mouse or human gene symbols, a mouse cancer quantitative trait loci (QTL) viewer, links to gene expression data for a variety of mouse models of human cancer, and access to public genomic data from the emerging Jackson Laboratory (JAX; http://www.jax.org) Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) program. MTB was established in 1997 and provides freely available access to data on spontaneous and induced tumors from genetically defined mice (inbred, hybrid, mutant, and genetically engineered strains). These data include standardized tumor names and classifications, pathology reports and images, mouse genes and QTL associated with cancers, genomic and cytogenetic changes occurring in the tumor, strain names, tumor frequency and latency, and literature citations. Although the primary source for data represented in MTB is peer-reviewed scientific literature an increasing amount of data are derived from large systematic programs (e.g. JAX Aging Resource, PDX Program) and laboratory or consortia contributions. MTB includes annotated histopathology images and cytogenetic assay images for mouse tumors where these data are available. MTB encourages direct submission of mouse tumor data and images from the cancer research community and provides investigators with a web-accessible tool for image submission and annotation. MTB is supported by NCI grant CA089713. Citation Format: Debra M. Krupke, Dale A. Begley, Steven B. Neuhauser, Joel E. Richardson, John P. Sundberg, Carol J. Bult, Janan T. Eppig. Interpreting the cancer genome using the Mouse Tumor Biology (MTB) Database. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C18.
The Comparative Economic Performance of Investor-Owned Chain and Not-for-Profit Hospitals
Authors: J M Watt, R A Derzon, S C Renn, C J Schramm, J S Hahn, G D Pillari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We examined the differences in the economic performance of 80 matched pairs of investor-owned chain and not-for-profit hospitals in eight states during 1978 and 1980, and considered how their operating strategies might affect their relative success in a more price-conscious market. We found that total charges (adjusted for case mix) and net revenues per case were both significantly higher in the investor-owned chain hospitals, mainly because of higher charges for ancillary services; there were no significant differences between the two groups of hospitals in regard to patient-care costs per case (adjusted for case mix), but the investor-owned hospitals had significantly higher administrative overhead costs; investor-owned hospitals were more profitable; investor-owned hospitals had fewer employees per occupied bed but paid more per employee; investor-owned hospitals had funded more of their capital through debt and had significantly higher capital costs in proportion to their operating costs; and the two groups did not differ in patient mix, as measured by their Medicare case-mix indexes or the proportions of their patients covered by Medicare or Medicaid. We conclude that investor-owned chain hospitals generated higher profits through more aggressive pricing practices rather than operating efficiencies - a result not unexpected in view of past cost-based reimbursement policies. Recent changes in these policies are creating new pressures for cost control and moderation in charges, to which both types of hospitals must adapt. Neither type has a clear-cut advantage in the ability to make the necessary changes.
Visual Function After Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation: A Survey
Authors: Phillip W Russell, Robert Sekuler, Carl Fetkenhour
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Thirty-five diabetic patients who had undergone pan-retinal photocoaguiation were surveyed to determine the frequency and severity of visual difficulties they experience. Among the most frequent problems were difficulty adjusting to dim lighting, difficulty adjusting to bright lighting, and trouble in sorting dark colors. Judging distances, negotiating stairways, and avoiding obstacles were identified as having become more difficult since the laser treatment. According to a correlation analysis, the difficulties encountered in some important tasks, such as driving in the daytime, were highly related to visual acuity. However, many of the problems reported most frequently, and many of the problems whose frequency had increased the most since the laser therapy, were not related to acuity. Despite their many visual complaints, the patients expressed very positive attitudes toward the photocoagulation treatment.
Neonatal Hypocalcemia — Its Causes and Treatment
Authors: Abraham Mizrahi, Robert D. London, Donald Gribetz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

CASES of neonatal tetany not due to rickets were reported in the early 1900's. It was only during the last 30 to 40 years, however, that the relation between tetany in the newborn infant and hypocalcemia has been elucidated. Of great importance in delineating some of the factors that lead to the low calcium state in this age period was the work of Gardner et al.,1 who demonstrated that the feeding of cow's milk to infants during the immediate neonatal period caused the serum phosphate to rise and the serum calcium to fall.In recent years several other causes for . . .
Increasing number and incidence of osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly people
Authors: P. Kannus, M. Palvanen, S. Niemi, J. Parkkari, M. Jarvinen, I. Vuori
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The most common forms of osteoporotic fractures occur at the distal forearm, spine, and hip. Treating less common fractures (such as those of the proximal humerus, pelvis, knee, and ankle1) is also demanding and expensive. Yet epidemiological information on these is scarce; no nationwide study of the incidence of the osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus has been reported.

We defined an osteoporotic fracture of the proximal humerus as a fracture occurring in people aged >/=60 that resulted from minimal trauma only—that is, a fall from standing height or less. We selected all such patients admitted to Finnish hospitals in 1970–2, 1974–5, 1978–80, 1983–5, 1988–9, and 1991–3 for primary treatment of first fracture of the proximal …
What Is the Significance of Unrecognized Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Clara Kayei Chow
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Myocardial infarction (MI) that has noclinical symptoms (‘‘silent MI’’) or atypicalsymptoms is usually categorized as unrec-ognized MI (UMI). The mechanism un-derlying UMI is unclear, but given thatsilent MI is more common in people withdiabetes, one hypothesis is that it may berelated to autonomic neuropathy [1,2].UMI, which accounts for about one infour MIs in populations that are screenedfor events both clinically and with electro-cardiogram (ECG), is a high-risk clinicalcondition associated with similar morbid-ity and mortality to clinically recognizedMI [3,4].In most studies, UMI is identifiedthrough the incidental finding of Q-waveson ECG in patients who otherwise haveno clinical symptoms or prior history.However, not all patients with MI developQ-waves. In patients who initially presentacutely with non-Q-wave MI, only about15% will develop Q-waves [5]. Thereforeit is likely that a substantial number ofpatients with UMI will be missed if thecriteria for identifying MI is only Q-wavesand nil else on ECG. Some studiestherefore include other ECG abnormali-ties in their definitions, but while this mayincrease sensitivity for detection of UMI, itdecreases specificity [6]. There are nowmore specific, albeit more expensive, testsfor determining the presence of previousMI. Among these the identification of lategadolinium enhancement by cardiac mag-netic resonance (CMR) appears to besensitive and specific for myocardial scar-ring, and positive findings are predictive ofpoor prognosis [7].
Continually high insulin levels impair Akt phosphorylation and glucose transport in human myoblasts
Authors: Anna Bertacca, Annamaria Ciccarone, Paolo Cecchetti, Barbara Vianello, Incoronata Laurenza, Margherita Maffei, Chiara Chiellini, Stefano Del Prato, Luca Benzi
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
India plans to improve public health by strengthening primary care
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The Indian government has announced plans to build up the country’s healthcare services by strengthening and investing in primary care.

Health minister J P Nadda told parliament on 10 March, “The draft National Health Policy 2015 envisages healthcare services being built on the bedrock of high quality comprehensive primary healthcare services that are universally accessible, are free, and are provided as close to where people live and work as is feasible.”1

The draft …
Cyclazocine and Methadone in Narcotic Addiction
Authors: Alfred M. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Narcotic addicts volunteered for treatment with methadone hydrochloride and cyclazocine in a community hospital. Eight of 15 addicts treated with methadone have been maintained in the community for more than one year, and their continued contact with the clinic provided a basis for habilitation. Cyclazocine, an experimental narcotic antagonist, was given to 103 patients. In 51, in a prolonged hospitalization "therapeutic community" program, cyclazocine did not augment their treatment. But, cyclazocine was successful in 52 additional patients treated rapidly and hospitalized for less than two months. After discharge, thirty-one attended a clinic three times weekly for two months. Four to 5 mg cyclazocine daily effectively blocked 15 mg intravenous heroin, up to 28 hours. Secondary effects of increased libido, euphoria, constipation, restlessness, and insomnia abated within two weeks. These results are promising, and cyclazocine is worthy of further investigation.
Hard and painful nipples in cold weather
Authors: P E Preece, L E Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<h3>Objective:</h3> This study evaluated longitudinal CSF biomarker measures collected when participants were cognitively normal to determine the magnitude and time course of biomarker changes before the onset of clinical symptoms in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). <h3>Methods:</h3> Longitudinal CSF collection and cognitive assessments were performed on a cohort of 265 participants who were cognitively normal at their baseline assessment and subsequently developed MCI or dementia. CSF β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were determined longitudinally. Consensus diagnoses were completed annually. Cox regression analyses were performed, with baseline CSF values and time-dependent rate of change in CSF values as covariates (adjusted by baseline age, race, and education), in relation to time to onset of mild cognitive symptoms. <h3>Results:</h3> The mean time from baseline to onset of mild cognitive symptoms was 5.41 years. Increased risk of progressing from normal cognition to onset of clinical symptoms was associated with baseline values of Aβ1–42, p-tau, and the ratios of p-tau/Aβ1–42 and t-tau/Aβ1–42 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.002). Additionally, the rate of change in the ratios of t-tau/Aβ1–42 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.004) and p-tau/Aβ1–42 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.02) was greater among participants who were subsequently diagnosed with MCI. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Baseline differences in CSF values were predictive of clinical symptoms that were a harbinger of a diagnosis of MCI more than 5 years before symptom onset, and continue to show longitudinal changes as cognitive symptoms develop, demonstrating that baseline and longitudinal changes in CSF biomarkers are evident during the preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease.