tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Variation in the Responsiveness of Human Subjects to Human Growth Hormone
Authors: Daniel Rudman, David Freides, Joseph H. Patterson, Donna L. Gibbas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The objective of this study was to compare the responsiveness of human subjects to the anabolic effects of human growth hormone (HGH) administered at 8 a.m. or at 11 p.m. Three doses of HGH were used: A, 0.0168 U/kg body weight (BW)(3/4) per day; B, 0.0532 U/kg BW(3/4) per day; C, 0.168 U/kg BW(3/4) per day. The effect of each dose on daily balances of N, P, Na, and K and on BW was measured. The subjects were of two groups: (a) seven GH-deficient children, of whom three were deficient in ACTH; and (b) three patients with limb-girdle dystrophy. ACTH-deficient patients in group (a) received exogenous cortisol at 7 a.m. In all 10 subjects, the anabolic effects of dose C, and sometimes of B and A, administered at 11 p.m. were significantly (P < 0.05) greater than when administered at 8 a.m. In these experiments plasma cortisol concentration averaged 3 times greater at 8 a.m. than at 11 p.m. In the next experiments, exogenous cortisol was administered to the three ACTH-deficient patients at 10 p.m. and the responsiveness to HGH injected at 11 p.m. vs. 8 a.m. was again compared. Under these conditions, when plasma cortisol concentration averaged 3 times greater at 11 p.m. than at 8 a.m., HGH injected at 8 a.m. caused significantly greater anabolic responses than HGH injected at 11 p.m. These findings indicate that the magnitude of the anabolic response to exogenous HGH is inversely related to the plasma cortisol concentration at the time of HGH injection.
The association of isosorbide-5-monitrate to an ACE inhibitor started early after myocardial infarction improves left ventricular structure and function over three months: the Delapril and Remodelling in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DRAMI) study
Authors: Roberto Latini, Aldo P. Maggioni, Lidia Staszewsky, Violeta Labarta, Paolo Marino, Giovanni Cremonesi, Silvana Gramenzi, Giuseppe Sarcina, Sergio Piras
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Polymer brush-stabilized polyplex for a siRNA carrier with long circulatory half-life
Authors: Ayumi Sato, Sung Won Choi, Miwa Hirai, Asako Yamayoshi, Rui Moriyama, Takeshi Yamano, Motoki Takagi, Arihiro Kano, Akira Shimamoto, Atsushi Maruyama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Can Researchers Use New Drugs to Push HIV Envelope to Extinction?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

HIV SHARED center stage at the XI International Conference on AIDS with another potent infectious agent: optimism. Throughout the 5-day meeting, researchers pointed to the use of combination antiretroviral therapy and viral load measurements to monitor disease progression as the gateway to a new era in managing HIV disease as a chronic illness. "We've actually turned a page and opened a new chapter in the history of the pandemic," said Martin T. Schechter, MD, PhD, cochair of the conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, and national director of the Canadian HIV Trials Network. "Many things that we once thought were impossible are now at least within the realm of the achievable." Such enthusiasm is warranted, but it should be tempered with caution, noted Scott Hammer, MD, director of the Research Virology Laboratory at Deaconess Hospital in Boston, Mass. "The degree of meaningful clinical benefit with the newer regimens and strategies needs
Modulation of Circulating Endothelin-1 and Big Endothelin by Nitric Oxide Inhalation Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Frank D. Wagner, Semih Buz, Christoph Knosalla, Roland Hetzer, Berthold Hocher
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is an established therapy in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction following left ventricular assist device implantation. Since it is known that endothelin-1 contributes to pulmonary hypertension, and nitric oxide modulates endothelin-1 synthesis in vitro, we investigated the effects of iNO on circulating endothelin-1 and big endothelin following left ventricular assist device implantation. Methods and Results— On weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, 15 consecutive patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension after implantation of a left ventricular assist device were treated with iNO. Endothelin-1 and big endothelin plasma levels were measured preoperatively, on cardiopulmonary bypass prior to iNO, 12, 24, and 48 hour postoperatively, and 72 hour after cessation of iNO. Endothelin-1 levels were increased preoperatively (1.05±0.20 fmol/L), and were highest on cardiopulmonary bypass (1.65±0.27 fmol/L). During iNO therapy endothelin-1 and big endothelin decreased significantly (endothelin-1: 12 hour 1.24±0.18, 24 hour 0.93±0.20, and 48 hour 0.81±0.14 fmol/L); they were lowest 72 hour post-iNO (endothelin-1: 0.56±0.09 fmol/L). Plasma endothelin-1 concentrations and iNO dose were inversely correlated ( r =−0.657, P &lt;0.015). A significant correlation was also found between endothelin-1 versus PA pressures and PVR/SVR ratio, but not with CI and SVR. Conclusions— Since it is known that endothelin-1 mediates pulmonary hypertension, we suggest a 2-fold effect of iNO therapy: firstly, a selective vasodilation of the pulmonary vasculature; and secondly, iNO mediated modulation of endothelin-1.
Edema Associated With Ibuprofen Therapy
Authors: Robert T. Schooley
Journal: JAMA (1977)

. A 15-kg weight gain developed in a patient during the third week of ibuprofen therapy. The edema disappeared with discontinuation of the drug regimen and did not reappear during a subsequent six-month observation period. It should be recognized that ibuprofen may be associated with salt and water retention in the same fashion as previously described with phenylbutazone and indomethacin. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1716-1717, 1977)
Abstract 5186: Reduced expression of BRM in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kohichiroh Yasui, Yasuyuki Gen, Akira Tomie, Tomoko Kitaichi, Yoshito Itoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth most common in women worldwide. The eukaryotic genome is organized into highly ordered chromatin structures in the nucleus. Chromatin creates a barrier to nuclear processes, such as transcription, by obstructing the access of the transcriptional machinery and gene-specific regulators to recognition sequences within target promoters. The SWI/SNF protein complex, an ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling enzyme, mobilizes nucleosomes and functions as a master regulator of gene expression and chromatin dynamics. SWI/SNF is a large multiprotein complex that contains either BRG1 or brahma (BRM) as the catalytic ATPase. Each SWI/SNF complex thus incorporates one of two possible ATPases, BRG1 or BRM. Aims: To examine alterations of BRG1 and BRM in HCC. Methods: We investigated DNA copy number aberrations in human HCC cell lines using a high-density oligonucleotide microarray. We determined DNA copy numbers and expression levels of BRG1 and BRM genes in primary HCC tumors, and conducted further searches for mutations in BRG1 and BRM genes. Results: Homozygous deletion of the BRG1 gene was found in HCC cell line SNU398. Copy number losses of BRG1 and BRM genes were observed in 14 (26%) and 7 (13%) of 54 primary HCC tumors respectively. We found four somatic missense mutations in the BRG1 gene in two of 36 primary HCC tumors, but no mutations in BRM gene. Expression of BRM mRNA, but not BRG1 mRNA, was significantly reduced in primary HCC tumors, compared to non-tumor tissue counterparts. Immunohistochemical analyses of non-tumour liver tissues showed that BRM protein was expressed in hepatocytes and bile-duct epithelial cells, whereas BRG1 protein was expressed in bile-duct epithelial cells, but not in hepatocytes. BRM protein expression was lost in nine (22.5%) of 40 HCC tumours. Loss of BRM protein expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival. Conclusion: Reduced expression of BRM may contribute to the carcinogenesis of HCC. Although deletions and mutations in BRG1 gene were identified, the role of BRG1 in HCC tumourigenesis remains unclear. Citation Format: Kohichiroh Yasui, Yasuyuki Gen, Akira Tomie, Tomoko Kitaichi, Yoshito Itoh. Reduced expression of BRM in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5186. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5186
The Academic Mating Game
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE title of this presentation, "The Academic Mating Game," despite its provocative overtones does not deal with the aberrant or — for that matter — normal sexual behavior of the peripatetic academician. Rather, it is an examination of the exercise in which faculty members spend a progressively greater segment of their time: the search for and recruitment of faculty for medical schools. As a frequent recruiter and sometime recruit, I want to examine the process, comment on its effectiveness and make some modest suggestions for its improvement.The Search CommitteeThe initial step in most institutions is the appointment of . . .
T cell-independent antibody-mediated clearance of polyoma virus in T cell-deficient mice.
Authors: E Szomolanyi-Tsuda, R M Welsh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Polyomavirus (PyV) infection of SCID mice, which lack functional T and B cells, leads to a lethal acute myeloproliferative disease (AMD) and to high levels of virus replication in several organs by two wk after infection. This is in contrast to infection of T cell-deficient athymic nude mice, which are resistant to acute PyV-induced disease and poorly replicate the virus in their organs. This major difference in the virus load and in the outcome of PyV infection between SCID and nude mice suggested that an efficient, T cell-independent antiviral mechanism operates in T cell-deficient, PyV infected mice. To investigate this possibility, mice with different genetically engineered T and/or B cell deficiencies and SCID mice adoptively reconstituted with B and/or T cells were infected with PyV. The results indicated that the presence of B cells in the absence of T cells protected mice from the AMD, and this was accompanied by a major reduction of PyV in all organs tested. Sera from PyV-infected T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta knockout or TCR alpha beta gamma delta knockout mice contained IgG2a antibodies to PyV. Sera or purified immunoglobulin fractions from PyV-infected TCR alpha beta knockout mice protected SCID mice from the PyV-induced AMD. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an effective T cell-independent antibody response clearing a virus and changing the outcome of infection from 100% mortality to 100% survival.
Prognostic Nomogram to Predict Survival After Surgery for Synchronous Multiple Lung Cancers in Multiple Lobes
Authors: Tawee Tanvetyanon, David J. Finley, Thomas Fabian, Marc Riquet, Luca Voltolini, Celalettin Kocaturk, Ayesha Bryant, Lary Robinson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis and Low CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Counts
Authors: Vincent Baldassano, James P. Dunn, Judith Feinberg, Douglas A. Jabs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Cytomegalovirus retinitis is among the most common infections in patients with AIDS. With survival increasing in patients with AIDS as a result of successful primary prophylaxis agai...
Pesticide in Lanolin-Reply
Authors: Cynthia A. Copeland
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the comments of Mr Cade and agree that risk analysis indicates there is no concern for the development of acute health effects in infants exposed to the pesticides in lanolin. We are pleased to note that industry is aware that pesticides may contaminate lanolin and applaud any efforts to use current technology to decrease those levels. Since our original discovery of this problem, further analyses of lanolin performed by the Food and Drug Administration, as cited by Mr Cade, have demonstrated a total of 16 different pesticides that may be contained in various lanolin creams. This is more than in our original study. This same risk analysis also notes that at the highest concentrations found, the amount of pesticide ingested per day by an infant could actually exceed the acceptable daily intake currently set by the Environmental Protection Agency. We do not believe that surpassing the
IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN BONE MARROW-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Toshiyuki Hamaoka, David H. Katz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The studies presented here have focused on the important question of reversibility of inactivation of DNP-specific B lymphocytes induced by the DNP derivative of the copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL). In so doing, we have analyzed the capacity of a strong T-cell stimulus, such as that provided by the allogeneic effect, and of gentle enzymatic treatment with trypsin to alter, prevent, or reverse the tolerance induced by DNP-D-GL. Under experimental conditions in which DNP-specific B lymphocytes were exposed first to the tolerogenic molecule, and rendered markedly unresponsive by such exposure either in vitro or in vivo, subsequent exposure to an allogeneic effect failed to appreciably reverse or alter the tolerant state. This contrasts directly with the capacity of DNP-D-GL to serve as a stimulus for DNP-specific B lymphocytes when the critical moment of specific binding occurs subsequent to the development of an allogeneic effect. In another series of experiments, the effects of enzymatic treatment with trypsin on the tolerant B-cell population were found to vary depending on the stage of tolerance at which such treatment was performed. Thus, when exposure of cells to DNP-D-GL for a relatively short time in vitro is carried out at low temperature (4 degrees C), the development of tolerance can be interceded by immediate trypsinization. In contrast, cells exposed to DNP-D-GL for longer periods of time and/or at 37 degrees C were not reversed to responsiveness by trypsinization. These data were interpreted to indicate that: (a) the effect(s) of trypsin in reversing (or preventing) tolerance at the cellular level does not depend necessarily on the susceptibility of the tolerogenic moiety to the action of the enzyme, and (b) the generation of the tolerance-inducing signal involves metabolic cellular processes that can be delayed somewhat by low temperature leaving such cells relatively more susceptible to intercedent manipulations such as trypsinization. Taken collectively, therefore, the evidence obtained in these studies reinforces the concept of central tolerance in B cells induced by DNP-D-GL as reflecting sub- or intracellular inactivating events.
Annual incidence, prevalence, and mortality of multiple sclerosis in white South-African-born and in white immigrants to South Africa.
Authors: G. Dean
Journal: BMJ (1967)

On settling in South Africa in 1947 I learned that multiple sclerosis (M.S.), or disseminated sclerosis as it was usually called, was thought to be uncommon among South Africans.I therefore proceeded with a study of all white patients diag- nosed as having this disease at the major South African hospitals and found that 14 out of 27 in whom the diagnosis could be accepted as probable in 1948 were immigrants from Europe, though immigrants were only 10% of the population at risk.Among the South-African born White population the disease was apparently uncommon.
Pregnancy after renal replacement
Authors: J M Davison, T Lind, D N S Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1976)

salpingotomy.In so doing they collected from the literature some reports of the incidence of further pregnancies following salpingectomy with or without oophorectomy.One of these, as Mr Hawkins points out, was published from Liverpool.4If he reads this he will discover that it emanated from my own department and elaborated a previous preliminary communication by the same member of staff (Bender5), who followed up 264 cases of tubal pregnancy treated in various ways.The findings showed that salpingectomy was followed by pregnancy, intrauterine or ectopic, in 43 0,, of cases whereas salpingo-oophorectomy was followed by pregnancy in 57 ",, of cases.But it was made clear that the difference did no more than "suggest" that removal of the ovary of the affected side is some- times advantageous from the standpoint of subsequent fertility.As is emphasised in this article, and in others referred to by Mr Hawkins, the occurrence of pregnancy after the surgical treat- ment of tubal pregnancy is determined by many factors such as the age, parity, and intent for further childbearing of the woman concerned, as well as the particular procedure carried out and the reasons for its choice.
Explaining Unexplained Dyspnea
Authors: David M. Dudzinski, Deepak L. Bhatt, Jayashri R. Aragam, Bradley A. Maron
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Information about a real patient is presented in stages (boldface type) to expert clinicians (Drs. Bhatt, Aragam, and Maron), who respond to the information, sharing reasoning with the reader (regular type). A discussion by the authors follows. 

A 63-year-old man was evaluated in consultation for unexplained dyspnea. At the time of the initial clinical encounter at our institution, the patient endorsed a 10-year history of progressive exertional dyspnea, which had become debilitating over the preceding 3 months and was characterized by shortness of breath accompanying subtle physical activities such as tying shoelaces. The patient underwent multiple hospital admissions reportedly for the treatment of congestive heart failure ascribed to impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. Review of systems identified postural dizziness and history of near syncope, possible nocturnal dyspnea, and peripheral neuropathy, but not cardiac angina, orthopnea, nocturia, edema, cough, palpitations, syncope, claudication, or other cardiopulmonary symptoms. He related that he was first noted to have a cardiac murmur detected 4 decades previously during a military service physical examination but that the murmur was not characterized further and that he served in the Vietnam conflict without functional limitation. 

The patient’s relevant medical history included rate-controlled atrial fibrillation, 90 pack-year tobacco use (3 packs daily between 21 and 51 years of age), dyslipidemia, systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea not currently treated, and gastrointestinal bleed caused by colon cancer treated with hemicolectomy 11 years earlier. There was no illicit drug use, but a remote history of heavy alcohol consumption was reported. Family history was unremarkable except that his father died at 55 years of age of myocardial infarction. 

Medications included aspirin 81 mg daily, warfarin 2 mg daily, losartan 50 mg daily, metoprolol tartrate 25 mg twice daily, simvastatin 10 mg daily, fenofibrate 48 …
The interferon type I signature towards prediction of non-response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Hennie G Raterman, Saskia Vosslamber, Sander de Ridder, Tamrah de Jong, Michael T Nurmohamed, Willem F Lems, Maarten Boers, Mark van de Wiel, Ben A C Dijkmans, Cornelis L Verweij, Alexandre E Voskuyl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> B cell depletion therapy is efficacious in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients failing on tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents. However, approximately 40–50% of rituximab (RTX) treated RA patients have a poor response. The authors investigated whether baseline gene expression levels can discriminate between clinical non-responders and responders to RTX. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> In 14 consecutive RA patients starting with RTX (test cohort), gene expression profiling on whole peripheral blood RNA was performed by Illumina HumanHT beadchip microarrays. Supervised cluster analysis (patients ranked on difference in 28 joints disease activity score (DAS28) after 6 months RTX) identified genes expressed differently at baseline in case of non-response (both ΔDAS28&lt;1.2 and EULAR non-response). Genes of interest were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and tested for their predictive value using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves in an independent validation cohort (n=26). <h3>Results</h3> Genome-wide microarray analysis revealed a marked variation in the peripheral blood cells between RA patients before the start of RTX treatment. Here, the authors demonstrated that only a cluster consisting of interferon (IFN) type I network genes, represented by a set of IFN type I response genes (IRGs), that is, <i>LY6E, HERC5, IFI44L, ISG15, MxA, MxB, EPSTI1</i> and <i>RSAD2,</i> was associated with ΔDAS28 and EULAR response outcome (p=0.0074 and p=0.0599, respectively). Based on the 8 IRGs an IFN-score was calculated that reached an AUC of 0.82 to separate non-responders from responders in an independent validation cohort of 26 patients using ROC curves analysis according to ΔDAS28&lt;1.2 criteria. Advanced classifier analysis yielded a 3 IRG-set that reached an AUC of 87%. Comparable findings applied to EULAR non-response criteria. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study demonstrates clinical utility for the use of baseline IRG expression levels as predictive biomarker for non-response to RTX in RA.
Clinical Significance of Skin Reactions to Mite Extracts in Children with Asthma
Authors: J. M. Smith, M. E. Disney, J. D. Williams, Z. A. Goels
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus has been identified in dust from the houses of children in Birmingham suffering from asthma. Skin tests were carried out on 150 asthmatic children with extracts of D. pteronyssinus, of the related species D. farinae, of other mites found in house dust, and of crude house dust. Though positive reactions to D. pteronyssinus were obtained more frequently and were of greater size than those to the other extracts, it was considered that D. farinae is a suitable substitute for D. pteronyssinus for skin testing.In further tests on 302 asthmatic children with mite extracts and with extracts of allergens obtained commercially reactions to the former extracts were much more common than reactions to the latter.Major skin reactions (weals with diameter of 5 mm. or more) were present in 77% of children with a history of perennial asthma and house-dust sensitivity. Hence allergy to house-dust mites, particularly D. pteronyssinus, is of considerable importance in childhood asthma, and further study of the ecology and control of the mites in dust is desirable.
Rhyme and reason
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate a potential role of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as tumor markers for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from 43 women with cervical cancer. Isoenzymes class III, IV of ADH and total ADH activity were measured in the sera by the photometric method and class I, II ADH and ALDH activity by the fluorometric method. Results: The total activity of ADH and ADH I was significantly higher in the serum of patients with cervical cancer than in control groups. The diagnostic sensitivity for ADH I was 61,76%, specificity 65,7%, PPV and NPV were 70 and 62,16% respectively. AUC for ADH I was 0,654 and for total ADH 0,618. Conclusion: The results suggest a potential role of ADH I as a marker for cervical cancer.
Adult Eosinophilic Oesophagitis: A UK Based Case Series
Authors: Efrem Eren, Tak Chin, William Rae, Syed H. Arshad, Peter H. Howarth, Anthony Williams, Elena Salagean, Bryan N. Fernandes, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, Carina Venter
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)