tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment failure and resistance with direct-acting antiviral drugs against hepatitis C virus
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Current treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is based on the combination of pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin. The recent development of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) molecules that are active on HCV, together with in vitro and in vivo studies showing that these drugs may lead to the selection of resistant viruses if administered alone, has raised concerns that resistance may undermine therapy based on DAAs. A new standard-of-care treatment will soon be available for both treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients infected with HCV genotype 1, based on a triple combination of pegylated interferon-α, ribavirin, and a protease inhibitor (either telaprevir or boceprevir). With this therapy, most failures to eradicate infection in treatment-adherent patients are due to an inadequate response to pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, in the context of a low genetic barrier to resistance of first-generation protease inhibitors. This article reviews patterns of resistance to HCV DAA drugs in development, the mechanisms underlying treatment failure when these drugs are combined with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin, the consequences of treatment failure, and possible means of optimizing future therapies that use DAAs. (Hepatology 2011;)
Insulin augments matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytes
Authors: Arne Fischoeder, Heike Meyborg, Dietger Stibenz, Eckart Fleck, Kristof Graf, Philipp Stawowy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), highly expressed in activated mononuclear cells in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions, are the main proteolytic enzymes controlling plaque stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulation of monocyte MMP-9 by insulin.Stimulation of MMP-9 expression by insulin was time- and concentration-dependent in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Inhibition of insulin receptor (IR) maturation via inhibition of its activating convertase furin with the pharmacological furin-inhibitor decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone, as well as blocking of IGF-1R function with a IGF-1R blocking antibody, demonstrated that insulin mediates increases in MMP-9 via IR activation. Inhibition of insulin's "metabolic" phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling with wortmannin (50 nmol/L) or LY294002 (2.5 micromol/L) did not prevent insulin-dependent MMP-9 induction. In contrast inhibition of insulin's "mitogenic" Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase pathways with PD98059 (15 micromol/L) or U0126 (2 micromol/L) inhibited insulin-induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity in THP-1 cells. Likewise, PD98059 inhibited insulin augmented MMP-9 levels in primary human monocytes, whereas wortmannin had no effect.This study demonstrates that insulin can induce MMP-9 via mitogenic signaling pathways in monocytes, whereas phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent signaling, typically altered in insulin resistance, is not required. Induction of MMP-9 by insulin may potentially contribute to a pro-inflammatory state and the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetics.
Hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and protection against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection
Authors: Annette Fox, Le Quynh Mai, Le Thi Thanh, Marcel Wolbers, Nguyen Le Khanh Hang, Pham Quang Thai, Nguyen Thi Thu Yen, Le Nguyen Minh Hoa, Juliet E. Bryant, Tran Nhu Duong, Dang Dinh Thoang, Ian G. Barr, Heiman Wertheim, Jeremy Farrar, Nguyen Tran Hien, Peter Horby
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)

a Months (January Z 1 e December Z 12) when influenza virus RNA was detected in swabs by RT-PCR.b Strain designation is based on National Influenza Surveillance programme data from Northern Vietnam coordinated by the National Influenza Center at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology.Strains considered to be antigenically distinct compared to those circulating previously are shown in bold.c The number of participants assessed is shown in Table 2. d This strain started to circulate just prior to study commencement and continued to circulate during the study.e Six influenza B strains were isolated in S1 and belonged to the Yamagata lineage whereas a single strain was isolated in S2 and belonged to the Victoria lineage (Table S1).
Analog computer assisted beat-by-beat measurement of stroke volume and related variables in man
Authors: C. LAYTON, K. JOHNSTON, A. SELMAN, A. MCDONALD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

A technique for the beat-by-beat measurement of stroke volume is described. Aortic blood velocity signals are obtained from a catheter-mounted electromagnetic velocity transducer and analysed by a purpose-built analog computer. The stroke volume is computed by integration of each period of systolic forward flow using the velocity signal as its sole input. Automatic compensation of flowmeter drift is incorporated and inappropriate triggering of integration by diastolic artefact is prevented by applying both amplitude and duration criteria for the recognition of systolic forward flow. Early diastolic reverse flow is excluded from integration. The cardiac output, mean aortic flow per beat, and interbeat interval are also computed from the velocity signal. With aortic pressure as an additional input signal the mean arterial pressure per beat and systemic vascular resistance can be computed. The computer outputs are calibrated by a manual method. Preliminary studies comparing values for the cardiac output measured by this system and the direct Fick technique have indicated an excellent correlation between the two methods.
Reviewer Status and Review Quality
Authors: Thomas P. Stossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Communication in biomedical science, as currently structured, assumes the voluntary participation of all researchers in the peer review of articles submitted for publication. Nonscientists express wonderment at the tradition of scientists participating anonymously and without remuneration in peer review. On the other hand, many pressures threaten to erode the moral imperative and collegiality underlying such responsible voluntarism. The increasing competition for diminishing research funds, opportunities for commercial exploitation of research findings, and the growing volume of papers submitted for publication assault the researcher's time and interest in this form of community service.Theoretically, experienced and accomplished researchers of high status . . .
Teaching the History of Medicine at a Medical Center
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

For many years, the Josiah Macy, Jr, Foundation had a strong interest in medical history. In 1966, it sponsored a conference on "Education in the History of Medicine," and recently, in 1981, there was another conference on the teaching of medical history. In a well-arranged program, speakers from various institutions, with commentators from other institutions, presented thoughts on the particular topic. The ruling impression is the enormous diversity of approach regarding the nature of medical history and the many ways of introducing medical students to the subject. No two contributors had the same views or techniques. Uniformity was conspicuously absent. The casual reader might believe that the speakers were not all talking about the same subject. At first glance, the book might be regarded only as a set of blueprints that other teachers of medical history might find useful. As such, the book would have a strong interest chiefly for
The Lewis A. Conner Memorial Lecture
Authors: HERRMAN L. BLUMGART, A. STONE FREEDBERG
Journal: Circulation (1952)

The physiologic, pathologic, and clinical interrelationships between the thyroid and the cardiovascular system are discussed. The therapeutic effects of hypothyroidism induced by I 131 to lessen the work of the heart are described in 39 euthyroid patients with intractable advanced angina pectoris or congestive failure. Only patients were treated who were seriously incapacitated despite all conventional forms of therapy for many months or years. The results of two confirmatory series of cases similarly treated by others are reviewed.
Sickle Cell Disease in a Patient with Sickle Cell Trait and Compound Heterozygosity for Hemoglobin S and Hemoglobin Quebec–Chori
Authors: H. Ewa Witkowska, Bertram H. Lubin, Yves Beuzard, Sylvain Baruchel, Dixie W. Esseltine, Elliott P. Vichinsky, Klara M. Kleman, Josiane Bardakdjian-Michau, Linda Pinkoski, Sarah Cahn, Esther Roitman, Brian N. Green, Arnold M. Falick, Cedric H.L. Shackleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

THE sickle cell trait is generally considered to be benign, because the presence of hemoglobin A in a concentration of more than 50 percent in the red cells of persons heterozygotic for hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S (hemoglobin A/S) prevents the polymerization of the remaining hemoglobin S under physiologic conditions.1 Occasional reports suggest, however, that after extreme physical stress or hypoxia, the sickle cell trait can be associated with serious morbidity and even death.2–4 In most cases, the diagnosis of this trait is straightforward: hematologic measures such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, red-cell indexes, and the reticulocyte count are normal, and electrophoretic . . .
RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR CANCER
Authors: John K. Lattimer
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Carcinoma of the prostate gland ranks a close third among the leading causes of deaths due to cancer in males. Radical prostatectomy for the early localized tumor is the only known method of curing patients with this disease. While all prostatic cancers are curable by surgery for a certain length of time after they first develop, they produce no symptoms during this operable stage. As a result, only a pitifully small proportion of these cancers are discovered and referred to the surgeon early enough to be cured by radical prostatectomy. The great majority (approximately 95%) are inoperable when first discovered, and the patients continue downhill to die in one to five years, despite the palliation provided by orchiectomy, estrogens,<sup>1</sup>or cortisone. The results from bilateral adrenalectomy have been disappointing, and it may soon be abandoned as a treatment for carcinoma of the prostate. Radioactive isotopes, such as gold 198
Marked Induction of the Helix-Loop-Helix Protein Id3 Promotes the γδ T Cell Fate and Renders Their Functional Maturation Notch Independent
Authors: Jens Peter Holst Lauritsen, Gladys W. Wong, Sang-Yun Lee, Juliette M. Lefebvre, Maria Ciofani, Michele Rhodes, Dietmar J. Kappes, Juan Carlos Zúñiga-Pflücker, David L. Wiest
Journal: Immunity (2009)
AIDS, Autopsies, and Abandonment
Authors: David W. Goetz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To  Editor.—  Drs Ratzan and Schneiderman 1 made a very impassioned expose of  ethical imperative that should compel physicians and other medical professionals to care for all patients, whether infected by human immunodeficiency virus or suffering from another ill.  Drs Ratzan and Schneiderman, as well as others, argue from a body of ethics drawn from  first 2300 years of Western medicine, beginning with Hippocrates. These authors decry  lack of ethical attitudes shown by young medical professionals concerning their participation in  care of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Why do some of these young professionals seemingly lack an appreciation for  weight of human ethical history embodied in Hippocrates and  last two millennia?  Perhaps these medical professionals, born since the advent of penicillin, have noticed that in their lifetime  established medical profession has felt comfortable in selectively abandoning some of these long-established ethical principles.
637 RAPID SELECTION OF ESCAPE MUTATIONS WITHIN NS3 1406 CTL EPITOPE DURING ACUTE HEPATITIS C WITH SEQUENCE VARIABILITY DUE TO IMMUNE PRESSURE
Authors: A. Ulsenheimer, G. Paranhos-Baccala, F. Komurian-Pradel, H.M. Diepolder, M. Heeg, B. Raziorrouh, R. Zachoval, T. Berg, M.C. Jung, N.H. Gruener
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Arylacetamide deacetylase: A novel host factor with important roles in the lipolysis of cellular triacylglycerol stores, VLDL assembly and HCV production
Authors: Mahra Nourbakhsh, Donna N. Douglas, Christopher Hao Pu, Jamie T. Lewis, Toshiyasu Kawahara, Luiz F. Lisboa, Enhui Wei, Sonal Asthana, Ariel D. Quiroga, Lok Man John Law, Chao Chen, William R. Addison, Randy Nelson, Michael Houghton, Richard Lehner, Norman M. Kneteman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Enzyme Transplantation in Fabry's Disease
Authors: William Krivit, Robert J. Desnick, Robert W. Bernlohr, Finn Wold, John S. Najarian, Richard L. Simmons
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Fabry's disease,1 heretofore a rare and esoteric diagnostic rubric, has become an important focus for research by biochemists, enzymologists, geneticists, clinical investigators and transplant surgeons.2 As noted by Clarke and his colleagues in this issue of the Journal, several centers have transplanted normal kidneys into patients with renal failure secondary to Fabry's disease. Of the nine patients throughout the world who have received transplants, four have had normal renal function for periods of six months to over three years.3 , 4 These successful transplants have had documented clinical improvement, with subjective relief of their frequent excruciating pain, return of sweating and . . .
Effect of fibrinolytic treatment in malignant atrophic papulosis.
Authors: T J Delaney, M M Black
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Asymptomatic Urethral Gonorrhoea in MenThe presence of asymptomatic female carriers of gonorrhoea has been recognized for many years and is an important factor in the disease's persistence.The concept of asymptomatic infection in the male was described nearly 20 years ago.' Two recent studies at the Norfolk Venereal Disease Clinic, Virginia, showed that about 10% of men exposed to women with culture-proved gonorrhoea harboured organisms in their urethrae without showing signs or symptoms.,These men are potentially infectious and are more likely to develop complications,.and Hunter Handsfield et al.4 have emphasized that they form a reservoir of asymptomatic carriers.We report here on 24 such patients.
Corrigendum to ‘Design of the Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin alfa in Heart Failure (RED‐HF): a Phase III, anaemia correction, morbidity–mortality trial’ [<i>Eur J Heart Fail</i> 2009;11:795–801]
Authors: John J.V. McMurray, Inder S. Anand, Rafael Diaz, Aldo P. Maggioni, Christopher O'Connor, Marc A. Pfeffer, Krishna R. Polu, Scott D. Solomon, Yan Sun, Karl Swedberg, Michal Tendera, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Scott M. Wasserman, James B. Young
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Reactivation of coccidioidomycosis in a fit American visitor
Authors: F M K Williams, V Markides, J Edgeworth, A J Williams
Journal: Thorax (1998)

The case history is presented of an American visitor, known to have had primary coccidioidomycosis previously, who became very unwell during a visit to the UK. Despite consideration of reactivation of coccidioidomycosis from the outset, other pathogens were identified while <i>Coccidioides immitis</i> was not initially, leading to a delay in treatment.
A Life Worth Living: A Doctor’s Reflections on Illness in a High-Tech Era
Authors: Dennis Rosen
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reassurance in the Management of Benign Hypertensive Disease
Authors: WILLIAM GOLDRING, HERBERT CHASIS, GEORGE E. SCHREINER, HOMER W. SMITH, Margaret Wilson
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The therapeutic improvement achieved by administration of drugs in arterial hypertension and other disease states is widely recognized to be due to the potency of reassurance and suggestion as well as the possible pharmacologic action of the drugs employed. In this article Dr. Goldring and his associates evaluate the effectiveness of a calculated and deliberately dramatized regimen of reassurance on the blood pressure and on the symptoms in patients with benign hypertensive disease. These results help to explain why nonscientific treatment sometimes seems to be crowned with therapeutic success.
Pneumonia: Are we putting the CURB score into practice?
Authors: D Owen, Tamara Shiner, Ramachandran Sivakumar, Richard Dent, Christopher Hilton
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Hoare and Li suggest that patients with pneumonia should receive antibiotics intravenously if they have a CURB score of at least 3, or contraindications to oral treatment, which may include malabsorption, impaired consciousness, or risk of aspiration.1 They also assert that intravenous antibiotics should be changed to oral treatment as soon as possible.

These …
The Privilege and the Pain
Authors: Linda Emanuel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

On Being a Doctor15 May 1995The Privilege and the PainLinda Emanuel, MD, PhDLinda Emanuel, MD, PhDHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-10-199505150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail He stood at the lectern. He was in his 50s, a department chairman, talking to medical students at a quarterly pre-dinner lecture. He looked the part. As he listened to his introduction by the Master of Ceremonies, he held a book: He lifted it, then set it down, lifted it, then set it down.He started his talk, a factual kind of narrative, easy to listen to. He was talking about the year he had served as a physician in Vietnam. He'd written a book.He recalled the day he was called up, an intern at the time; he had ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115Corresponding Author: Linda Emanuel, MD, Division of Medical Ethics, Harvard Medical School, 641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPalliative CareA physician’s guide to talking about end-of-life careDiscussing futility with patients and families 15 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 10Page: 797-798KeywordsFearHeart rateLower back painOutpatientsPatientsPosttraumatic stress disorderPsychotherapyScarsUlcersWalking Issue Published: 15 May 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biotin Deficiency Complicating Parenteral Alimentation
Authors: Donald M. Mock
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Biotin Deficiency in an Adult During Home Parenteral Nutrition" by McClain et al (1982;247:3116) did not accurately characterize our previous publication describing the first documented case of biotin deficiency during parenteral alimentation<sup>1</sup>and did not document biotin deficiency in the patient described. In reference to our report, McClain and colleagues stated that "these investigators presumed this represented a case of acquired biotin deficiency, but could not rule out the possibility of an unrecognized inborn error of metabolism, especially in light of the high doses of biotin administered." In our patient, frank biotin deficiency was clearly documented both by reduced plasma concentration of biotin and reduced urinary excretion of biotin, and by demonstration of urinary organic acid excretion diagnostic of deficiency of multiple biotin-dependent enzymes. Ample evidence was presented in the same report that the patient did not have an inborn error of biotin
Infants, too, are global perceivers
Authors: Arlene Walker-Andrews
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Infants are global perceivers. They detect patterns in stimulation that allow detection of many affordances of the environment. Pick-up of structural patterns across forms of ambient energy awaits maturation of sensory systems and improvements in motor skill, but development proceeds rapidly during the first year. Researchers in perceptual development must devise and refine existing tools to examine infants' abilities.
Review: Inhaled corticosteroids do not reduce mortality but increase pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: P. John Rees
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Drummond MB, Dasenbrook EC, Pitz MW, Murphy DJ, Fan E. Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:2407-16. 19033591
Elizabeth Joan Harbott (nee Bowen)
Authors: T. Harbott
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An expert on venomous creatures and one of the great larrikins of Australian medicineIn a country famous for its deadly snakes and spiders, Struan Sutherland became a household name for his expertise on venomous creatures.He was also well known as one of the great larrikins of Australian medicine and as a prolific author.While working at the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (CSL), Sutherland led efforts to develop an antivenom to the Sydney funnel-web spider and revolutionised treatment of snake bites by developing the pressure-immobilisation first aid technique and venom detection kits.After an acrimonious departure from CSL, Sutherland founded the Australian Venom Research Unit at the University of Melbourne's department of pharmacology in 1994, where he worked until retiring in 1999.But Sutherland, who spent his final years battling a rare, degenerative brain diseasestriatonigral degeneration-was writing until the end.The second edition of the textbook Australian Animal Toxins, which he co-wrote, was published several months before his death.In typical Sutherland style, he wrote asking colleagues to review chapters of the text, offering a multiple choice reply.Recipients could tick either "send me a copy asap" or "stuff off."Sutherland once said that what he enjoyed most about his