tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial Conduits for Surgical Revascularization
Authors: Mark S. Slaughter
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple.-Oscar Wilde C oronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a com- monly performed procedure for obstructive coronary artery disease that is not treatable with either medical therapy or percutaneous intervention.It has been well studied and documented that using the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) reduces morbidity and mortality compared with using saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) when performing a CABG. 1 One reason for the observed improved outcomes is the anatomic structure and the preserved and functional endothelium of the internal thoracic artery compared with an SVG.It was assumed that this inherent superiority of the LITA would also be true for the right internal thoracic artery (RITA) and other arterial conduits that could be safely procured and used for bypassing coronary arteries.However, this assumed inherent superiority of using any arterial conduit compared with using an SVG to targets other than the left anterior descending artery has been much harder to prove.Two recent reports of using a meta-analysis of radial artery versus SVG reached different conclusions.
Somatostatin v placebo in bleeding oesophageal varices: randomised trial and meta-analysis
Authors: P. C Gotzsche, I. Gjorup, H. Bonnen, N. E. B. Brahe, U. Becker, F. Burcharth
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To study whether somatostatin or its derivative octreotide is more effective than placebo for treating bleeding oesophageal varices.Randomised, double blind trial and meta-analysis with blinded analysis of data and writing of manuscripts.Departments of medical and surgical gastroenterology in Copenhagen.Patients suspected of bleeding from oesophageal varices and of having cirrhosis of the liver.Survival, number of blood transfusions, and use of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube.86 patients were randomised; in each group 16 died within six weeks (95% confidence interval for difference in mortality--19% to 22%). There were no differences between those treated with somatostatin or placebo in median number of blood transfusions (8 v 5, P = 0.07, 0 to 4 transfusions) or in numbers of patients who needed balloon tamponade (16 v 13, P = 0.54, -11% to 28%). In a meta-analysis of three trials involving 290 patients somatostatin had no effect on survival compared with placebo (P = 0.59, odds ratio 1.16; 0.67 to 2.01). For blood transfusions and use of balloon tamponade there was heterogeneity between the trials with no convincing evidence in favour of somatostatin. No placebo controlled trials have been performed with octreotide.Within the limited power of this study and meta-analysis we were unable to show a clinical benefit of somatostatin in the emergency treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices.
Healing Achilles — Sirolimus versus Paclitaxel
Authors: David J. Moliterno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Since the inception of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), restenosis leading to repeated target-lesion revascularization has been the primary weakness of the procedure and has been repeatedly referred to as its Achilles' heel. Placement of a coronary-artery stent has emerged as the technique of choice for PCI, because it provides a substantial reduction in the percentage of patients who need subsequent target-lesion revascularization — from 25 to 35 percent after balloon angioplasty alone to 10 to 15 percent after stenting. Most of the luminal loss after stent placement is clinically evident in the first six to nine months after the placement . . .
Maternal Depression and Child Development After Prenatal DHA Supplementation—Reply
Authors: Maria Makrides, Lisa Yelland, Robert Gibson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Somatic Single Hits Inactivate the X-Linked Tumor Suppressor FOXP3 in the Prostate
Authors: Lizhong Wang, Runhua Liu, Weiquan Li, Chong Chen, Hiroto Katoh, Guo-Yun Chen, Beth McNally, Lin Lin, Penghui Zhou, Tao Zuo, Kathleen A. Cooney, Yang Liu, Pan Zheng
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Duodenal Versus Jejunal Biopsies in Suspected Celiac Disease
Authors: W. J. Thijs, J. van Baarlen, J. H. Kleibeuker, J. J. Kolkman
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

In the past, small-bowel biopsies for diagnosis of celiac disease were taken from the jejunum with a suction capsule, but nowadays most physicians take endoscopic biopsies from the distal duodenum. To validate that practice we compared the diagnostic yield of endoscopic duodenal biopsies with that of endoscopic jejunal biopsies. In addition, we describe a method of orienting biopsy specimens optimally.Upper endoscopy was performed with a colonoscope. Four jejunal and four duodenal biopsies were taken and oriented immediately thereafter. The pathologist rated the orientation as poor, adequate, or good, and histopathological results were expressed according to the Marsh classification. Jejunal and duodenal biopsy results were compared.146 patients were included. Jejunal biopsies were taken in 142 patients, and Marsh I-II lesions were found in 56 and Marsh III lesions in 15 patients. In three patients duodenal biopsies were normal while jejunal biopsies showed Marsh I-II lesions. No discrepancies were found in patients with Marsh III lesions. Orientation was good in all biopsies.Duodenal biopsies are sufficient to diagnose full-blown celiac disease (Marsh III), but Marsh I-II lesions may be missed in some cases.
Government toughens its stance on NHS hygiene standards
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The number of healthcare workers in sub-Saharan Africa will have to triple each year for 10 years if every person with HIV or AIDS is to get antiretroviral treatment, said researchers this week.Their study, published in AIDS Patient Care and STDs (2007;21:799-812), was one of seven-including one in this week's BMJ (2007;335:862-5)-selected for presentation at the launch at the US National Institutes of Health of the multi-journal global theme issue on poverty and human development.The BMJ was among 235 journals from 37 countries that took part in the global theme issue, coordinated by the Council of Science Editors.They published more than 750 articles between them, representing 110 countries (see bmj.com for a webcast and a link to a full list of citations on the council's website).More than five million people who need antiretroviral treatment don't receive it, said one of the authors of the AIDS Patient Care and STDs study, Salal Humair, of Lahore University, Pakistan.Limited human resources to treat HIV and AIDS is one of the main constraints to achieving universal coverage, he said.He and his coauthors, Till Bärnighausen, of the University of KwaZulu-Natal, and David Bloom, of the Harvard School of Public Health, estimate that antiretroviral treatment programmes in low and middle income countries currently lack 5000 to 10 000 doctors, 10 000 to 36 000 nurses, and 7000 to 21 000 pharmacists.However, the need for healthcare workers to administer treatment will increase as more and more people with HIV or AIDS survive.Even if no doctors emigrate, the authors estimate that sub-Saharan Africa alone will need 3000 extra doctors each year to treat people with HIV or AIDS.
Individual Variation in the Activation and Inactivation of Metabolic Pathways of Cyclophosphamide
Authors: A. V. Boddy, Y. Furtun, S. Sardas, O. Sardas, J. R. Idle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Carboxyphosphamide is an inactive metabolite of cyclophosphamide, which is a widely used antineoplastic drug. Deficiencies in the production of this metabolite have been reported. Such deficiencies would have important consequences for therapeutic and toxic effects of oxazaphosphorines like cyclophosphamide. This study further investigates the variability in cyclophosphamide metabolism and carboxyphosphamide recovery in urine. The 24-hour urinary metabolic profile of cyclophosphamide was investigated in 17 Turkish patients receiving doses of 100-1080 mg orally or by short intravenous infusion. Urine samples were assayed quantitatively for cyclophosphamide and its principal metabolites (phosphoramide mustard, 4-ketocyclophosphamide, carboxyphosphamide, and dechloroethylcyclophosphamide) with combined thin-layer chromatography-photography-densitometry. The amount of each metabolite excreted in 24 hours was expressed as a percentage of the dose. Recovery of drug and metabolites varied greatly among individuals (range, 0.01%-13.56% of dose). In particular, the amount of carboxyphosphamide varied over a thousandfold range and was undetectable in urine from four patients. The patients were classified by phenotype as demonstrating low or high carboxylation. Those with low carboxylation excreted less than 0.2% of the cyclophosphamide dose as carboxyphosphamide, while those with high carboxylation excreted 0.8%-13.6% (median, 1.81%). No association was observed between carboxylation phenotype and patient age, sex, disease, or concomitant therapy, although the three lifetime nonsmokers all showed poor carboxylation. No correlation was observed between the percent of dose excreted as any of the other metabolites and that excreted as carboxyphosphamide. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between the combined recovery of carboxyphosphamide and phosphoramide mustard and the dose of prednisolone administered. These data confirm an earlier observation of a phenotypic deficiency of carboxyphosphamide excretion in British patients treated with cyclophosphamide. This deficiency may arise from a polymorphism in the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. Carboxylation phenotype may have important implications for both the therapeutic effect and toxicity of cyclophosphamide. [J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1744–1748, 1992]
Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: EARL W. CAMPBELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 April 1971Treatment of Hodgkin's DiseaseEARL W. CAMPBELL JR., M.D.EARL W. CAMPBELL JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-4-639 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There is no question about the excellence of Dr. John Durant's editorial (ANNALS, December 1970) on Hodgkin's disease, in terms of its organization and clarity. It is to be hoped, however, that he realizes that the current state of knowledge about Hodgkin's disease is not necessarily the result of monolithic research enterprise but rather the end product of a cooperative interaction of more than one group. He fails to give cognizance to the fact that Acute Leukemia Group B has an on-going study to evaluate in crossover fashion the effect of combination radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Most unfortunate...References1. Report of the National Advisory Council, Division of Regional Medical Programs, of the Ad Hoc Group To Consider Projects of Radiation Dosimetry Services, 8 May 1969 Google Scholar2. COHEN L: Theoretical "iso-survival" formulae for fractionated radiation therapy. Brit J Radiol 41:522-528, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. COHENSCOTT LM: Fractionation procedures in radiation therapy: a computerized approach to evaluation. Ibid., pp. 529-533 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: EARL W. CAMPBELLJR., M.D.Affiliations: Cumberland, Md. 21502 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1971Volume 74, Issue 4Page: 639-640KeywordsChemotherapyCombination chemotherapyHodgkin lymphoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic Variants in TAP Are Associated with High-Grade Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Mark H. Einstein, Suzanne Leanza, Lydia G. Chiu, Nicolas F. Schlecht, Gary L. Goldberg, Bettie M. Steinberg, Robert D. Burk
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) is essential in assembling MHC-I proteins. Human papillomavirus (HPV) evades immune recognition by decreasing class I MHC cell surface expression through down-regulation of TAP1 levels. Consistent with heterogeneity in MHC expression is the individual variability in clearing detectable HPV infections. Genetic polymorphisms in TAP genes may affect protein structure, function, and the ability to clear HPV infection. Experimental Design: Case-control study of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II or III (n = 114) and women without high-grade CIN (n = 366). Five nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TAP1 and TAP2 were genotyped using DNA collected in cervicovaginal lavage samples using microsphere array technology (Luminex xMAP). HPV typing was done using a PCR-based system with MY09/MY11 primers. TAP1 and TAP2 SNPs were validated by direct sequencing. Results: Differences in allele distribution between women with high-grade cervical neoplasia and women without was seen for TAP1 I333V (P = 0.02) and TAP1 D637G (P = 0.01). The odds ratios (OR) for CIN III were significantly lower among carriers of the TAP1 I333V polymorphism (OR, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.8), and TAP1 D637G polymorphism (OR, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.7). These associations remained significant even after restricting the evaluation to women who were positive for high-risk HPV types. Conclusions: In addition to the down-regulation of MHC-1 by oncogenic HPV, HPV pathogenesis might be facilitated by polymorphisms in the TAP proteins. Identifying TAP polymorphisms may potentially be used to identify women less susceptible to progression to high-grade CIN and cervical cancer.
Hypothyroidism inhibits experimentally-induced acute T cell dependent hepatic damage in mice
Authors: R OREN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In FRTL-5 cells, methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU), both thyroid peroxidase (TPO) inhibitors, increase thyroglobulin (Tg) mRNA levels and Tg accumulation in the medium. An increase in Tg mRNA levels and in Tg accumulation was observed after 2–4 h and 8 h incubation with 10,000 μM MMI or PTU, respectively. Glutamate dehydrogenase mRNA levels, which corresponded with total RNA levels, were not affected. The concentrations of these drugs at which stimulation occurs are higher than the concentrations required for complete inhibition of TPO activity. The stimulatory effects of MMI and PTU can be suppressed by iodide and do not occur when protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide. The effect of MMI on Tg gene expression is not dependent on thyrotropin (TSH) or insulin and MMI does not change the TSH-induced cAMP production. We conclude that MMI and PTU interfere in a regulatory pathway for Tg gene expression.
A novel collagen-nanohydroxyapatite microRNA-activated scaffold for tissue engineering applications capable of efficient delivery of both miR-mimics and antagomiRs to human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Irene Mencía Castaño, Caroline M Curtin, Georgina Shaw, J Mary Murphy, Garry P Duffy, Fergal J O'Brien
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Host Defense against Uropathogenic E. coli Is Counteracted by Bacterial HemolysinA-Dependent Killing of NK Cells
Authors: Chamutal Gur, Shunit Coppenhagen-Glazer, Shilo Rosenberg, Rachel Yamin, Jonatan Enk, Ariella Glasner, Yotam Bar-On, Omer Fleissig, Ronit Naor, Jawad Abed, Dror Mevorach, Zvi Granot, Gilad Bachrach, Ofer Mandelboim
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
P1-06-07: TIMP-1 in Combination with HER2 and TOP2A for Prediction of Benefit from Adjuvant Anthracyclines in High Risk Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: PB Hertel, D Tu, B Ejlertsen, M-B Jensen, E Balslev, S Jiang, FP O'Malley, KI Pritchard, LE Shepherd, A Bartels, N Brünner, TO Nielsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: HER2 amplification, TOP2A aberrations and absence of TIMP-1 (Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1) expression in breast carcinomas have been associated with incremental benefit from anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy in several reports. In the DBCG 89D trial, we demonstrated that the predictive value of these markers improved when they were combined in a profile and the present study was undertaken to validate these findings in NCIC CTG MA.5, a similar but independent clinical trial. Design: TIMP-1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in archival tumor tissue from 403 of 716 premenopausal high-risk patients with known HER2 and TOP2A status who were randomized to CEF or CMF in the MA.5 trial. Patients were classified according to 2 predefined marker profiles — the HT profile (HER2, TIMP-1) and the 2T profile (TOP2A, TIMP-1) and the statistical analyses were performed as closely as possible to the analytical approach used previously in the MA.5 trial and when analysing the biomarker profiles in the DBCG 89D trial. Results: 98 (24%) patients had no TIMP-1 staining of tumor cells, 27% were HER2 amplified, and 18% were TOP2A aberrant. 44% of patients were classified as HT responsive (HER2-positive and/or TIMP-1 negative) and 37% as 2T responsive (TOP2A aberrant and/or TIMP-1 negative). There was no heterogeneity in treatment effect of CEF versus CMF according to TIMP-1. In HT responsive patients, CEF was superior to CMF with improved RFS (adjusted HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.98) and a borderline-significant improvement in OS (adjusted HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.04). A significant HT profile versus treatment interaction was detected for OS (P=0.03). In 2T responsive patients, CEF was superior to CMF with borderline significant improvement in RFS (adjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.03), and with improvement in OS (adjusted HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.93). A significant 2T profile versus treatment interaction was detected for OS (P=0.01). Conclusion: In the MA.5 trial, we have validated the HT and 2T profiles as predictors of incremental benefit from anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. The proportion of patients categorized as anthracycline responsive increases from 18–27% using individual markers to 37–44% when combining TIMP-1 with either HER2 or TOP2A. Patients with responsive profiles had a 34–42% relative reduction in mortality when treated with CEF. In contrast, patients with non-responsive profiles (56-63% of patients) had no incremental benefit from CEF compared with CMF. All 3 biomarkers are easily applied in the pathology lab and as such could be used in daily clinical practice to select patients for anthracycline or non-anthracycline containing adjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-07.
Climate change
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Although not everyone agreed that climate change is a suitable topic for a general medical journal, most respondents agreed that its impact on health made it undeniably important and unavoidable.1-4 Even so, several respondents severely criticised the lack of a rigorous scientific approach in the articles, as well as their naivety or “preachiness”—and a couple challenged why the BMJ is sent out in plastic wrappers and not recyclable paper envelopes.

Many agree that, in spite of the gloomy scenario outlined in the articles, doing anything at all is better than nothing—even if it is turning down the water thermostat in hospitals, as one correspondent suggests; turning off unnecessary lights; using bicycles; not buying produce flown in from abroad; restricting the number of people living on the planet by sensible means; and generally developing a much greater carbon awareness. Some remind us that the imbalance between individuals in terms of polluting the environment may not be as big as that between countries, although still substantial.

Hospitals without air conditioning, heating, or car parks are cited as examples of what would not work, and, elsewhere, the 1 tonne limitation leads a correspondent to conclude that this would impose a lifestyle that would pre-date her own lifetime and that most people in the modern world just could not imagine. One UK doctor describes the obstacles he experienced in including considerations of how to save energy in plans to build a new practice.

Altogether, correspondents chipped in many good ideas, but it still looks like “too little, too late.” It is obvious that individuals, however hard and focused their attempts, will not achieve enough critical mass to counteract the effects of climate change and that the problem needs to be tackled on a collective scale. How consoling, then, that one correspondent points out that, although global warming undeniably exists, every mass extinction in the fossil record was actually accompanied by global cooling.
IgE Binding to Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants (CCD) on Proteins of Phaseolus vulgaris using Sera from Peanut Allergic Subjects Demonstrates the Potential for False Diagnosis
Authors: S.N. Pramod, A.O. Ofori-Anti, R. Cerny, R.E. Goodman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The Low-Tryptophan Diet In Psoriasis
Authors: Harry Spiera
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A Communication by Drs. Petrozzi and Rosenbloom regarding negative results in the dietary treatment of psoriasis (<b>205</b>:345, 1968) calls for several pertinent comments. The results of tryptophan analysis reported by Drs. Petrozzi and Rosenbloom substantially duplicate and confirm findings published earlier by us in which we stated that repetition of our original analysis, using a nitrogen atmosphere, disclosed the presence of substantial amounts of tryptophan in turkey.<sup>1</sup>At that time, we stated that the remissions observed in psoriatic patients "cannot be ascribed to tryptophan deprivation." Cognizance of our corrected findings was subsequently noted by a number of publications.<sup>2</sup> In reference to the reports of Drs. Petrozzi and Rosenbloom, we would like to offer some further comments. In case 1 of their series, the patient was undergoing reduction of steroid therapy while being started on dietary therapy. Such reduction is known to cause exacerbation of