tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
849 ROLE OF COMMON VARIANT, A RISK FACTOR FOR IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND DIABETES, IN GALLSTONE FORMATION: SIB-PAIRS AND CASE-CONTROL ANALYSIS OF THREE INDEPENDENT COHORTS
Authors: M. Krawczyk, R. Schirin-Sokhan, M. Mahler, H. Molina, L. Azocar, M. Acalovschi, J.F. Miquel, F. Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Fever: Blessing or Curse?
Authors: Robert A. Fischer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 December 1994Fever: Blessing or Curse?Robert A. Fischer, MDRobert A. Fischer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:There is an error, although not a fatal one, in Dr. Mackowiak's thought-provoking application of evolutionary principles to fever [1]. He argues that the adverse effects of overwhelming sepsis can be understood “if one accepts preservation of the species rather than survival of the individual as the essence of evolution.” Preservation of the species is not the essence of evolution, and neither is survival of the individual. In a sense, the unit of evolution is the individual gene. This approach was used by W.D. Hamilton [2, 3] to explain the seemingly paradoxical evolution of altruism and is ...References1. Mackowiak PA. Fever: blessing or curse? A unifying hypothesis. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:1037-40. Google Scholar2. Hamilton WD. The genetical evolution of social behavior: I. J Theor Biol. 1964; 7:1-16. Google Scholar3. Hamilton WD. The genetical evolution of social behavior: II. J Theor Biol. 1964; 7:17-52. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert A. Fischer, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1994Volume 121, Issue 12Page: 982-983KeywordsChildrenFeversPediatric infectionsSepsis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 December 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clonal B cells in patients with hepatitis C virus–associated mixed cryoglobulinemia contain an expanded anergic CD21low B-cell subset
Authors: Edgar D. Charles, Claudia Brunetti, Svetlana Marukian, Kimberly D. Ritola, Andrew H. Talal, Kristen Marks, Ira M. Jacobson, Charles M. Rice, Lynn B. Dustin
Journal: Blood (2011)
ON A FORM OF INGUINAL HERNIA LIABLE TO BE OVERLOOKED.
Authors: A. H. WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read to the Surgical Section of the American Medical Ascociation, at Cleveland, June, 1883.] I do not claim to have discovered any new form of hernial displacement, or to have devised any new operation for its radical cure. Indeed, to my mind, most of the so-called radical cures are either slight modifications of long-established operations, or are old operations that have fallen into disuse revived. What I do claim, however, Mr. Chairman, is this: That a form of hernia recognized by older surgeons as obscure and difficult of diagnosis, and as very frequently resulting in death because of such failure to ascertain its existence, is as frequent to-day as in the days of Cooper, Pott, and Scarpa, and yet most of the present writers and teachers say but little about its true character and importance. Bubonocele or incomplete external inguinal hernia begins by the protrusion of the viscera at the
Social psychology: A field in search of a center
Authors: Joachim I. Krueger, David C. Funder
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Many commentators agree with our view that the problem-oriented approach to social psychology has not fulfilled its promise, and they suggest new research directions that may contribute to the maturation of the field. Others suggest that social psychology is not as focused on negative phenomena as we claim, or that a negative focus does indeed lay the most efficient path toward a general understanding of social cognition and behavior. In this response, we organize the comments thematically, discuss them in light of our original exposition, and reiterate that we seek not a disproportionately positive social psychology but a balanced field that addresses the range of human performance.
International consensus and practical guidelines on the gynecologic and obstetric management of female patients with hereditary angioedema caused by C1 inhibitor deficiency
Authors: Teresa Caballero, Henriette Farkas, Laurence Bouillet, Tom Bowen, Anne Gompel, Christina Fagerberg, Janne Bjökander, Konrad Bork, Anette Bygum, Marco Cicardi, Caterina de Carolis, Michael Frank, Jimmy H.C. Gooi, Hilary Longhurst, Inmaculada Martínez-Saguer, Erik Waage Nielsen, Krystina Obtulowitz, Roberto Perricone, Nieves Prior
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
TCT-115 Hybrid Approach of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Followed by Minimally Invasive Single Valve Surgery: Outcomes by STS Risk Stratification
Authors: Andres M. Pineda, Juan P. Rodriguez-Escudero, Christos G. Mihos, Orlando Santana, Joseph Lamelas, Nirat Beohar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Gene expression profile in the regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Yasuyuki Fukuhara, Akira Hirasawa, Xiao-Kang Li, Mikiko Kawasaki, Masayuki Fujino, Naoko Funeshima, Susumu Katsuma, Satoshi Shiojima, Masateru Yamada, Torayuki Okuyama, Seiichi Suzuki, Gozoh Tsujimoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Bone mineral density in Addison's disease: evidence for an effect of adrenal androgens on bone mass.
Authors: J P Devogelaer, J Crabbe, C Nagant de Deuxchaisnes
Journal: BMJ (1987)

It is unknown whether replacement doses of cortisone acetate and the absence of the small amounts of androgens secreted by the adrenal cortex may cause osteoporosis. This was studied in 35 patients (12 men and 23 women) suffering from primary adrenocortical failure and taking cortisone acetate 25-37.5 mg and fludrocortisone 50-100 micrograms daily. Bone mineral density was measured by single photon absorptiometry at the midshaft of the radius, representing cortical bone, and at the distal part of the radius, a site with a significant trabecular component. The bone mineral density was normal in premenopausal female patients as well as in male patients, showing that replacement doses of cortisone acetate do not affect bone mass. By contrast, in postmenopausal patients there was a dramatic bone loss in addition to the physiological postmenopausal decrease in bone mass. This loss, combined with the low plasma concentrations of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone (and low concentrations of oestrone of adrenal origin), indicates that adrenal androgens may be essential for the maintenance of bone mass in postmenopausal women with Addison9s disease. In addition, these data indicate that the small amounts of androgens secreted by the adrenal cortex have a role in the maintenance of bone mass in normal postmenopausal women.
The use of mRNA differential display for discovery of novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease
Authors: X Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Recent advances in molecular biology techniques have provided powerful tools for discovery of novel genes relevant to both biological and pathological processes. mRNA differential display is an emerging technique for novel gene discovery and it has been successfully applied to many physiological and pathological conditions including normal development, cell differentiation, cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and CNS disorders. In the present work, we briefly illustrate the critical procedure and highlight most recent technical improvements and modifications of this technology. Based upon the successful applications of this technique in cardiovascular research, it may provide a valuable and powerful investigational tool for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases.
Duodenal Ulcer Treated by Vagotomy and Gastro-enterostomy
Authors: G. F. Henson, C. G. Rob
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Pneumoperitoneum is a diagnostic procedure which enables useful radiographic studies to be made of various abdominal organs.In particular, the liver and splten can be clearly demonstrated by examining the patient in the horizontal prone position.In patients suffering from ascites, pneumoperitoneum can be induced with great ease and negligible risk by performing partial air replacement at the time of paracentesis abdominis.This should be done in all patients with ascites in whom the underlying diagnosis is in doubt.In patients without ascites, formal induction of a pneumoperitoneum is an easy procedure the risk of which is sufficiently low to justify its use as a diagnostic method.Results with this method are presented with special reference to the liver and spleen.Its more widespread adoption is recommended.We are grateful to Dr. R. R. Tilleard-Cole for clinical assistance, and are much indebted to Miss M. Bell, who carried out most of the radiography.We wish to thank our colleagues in the United Oxford Hospitals for referiTng patients to us.
Single (Primitive) Ventricle
Authors: MAURICE LEV, RICHARD R. LIBERTHSON, JAMES R. KIRKPATRICK, FRIEDRICH A. O. ECKNER, RENÉ A. ARCILLA
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Single ventricle is that condition in which both atrioventricular (A-V) orifices enter a common ventricular sinus, from which the arterial trunks emerge with their coni. The following types of single ventricle were found: (1) with regular (noninverted) transposition in levocardia; (2) with inverted transposition in levocardia; (3) with normal position of arterial trunks in levocardia; (4) in dextrocardia, and (5) in mesocardia. This entity is differentiated from common ventricle which is basically a heart with a large ventricular septal defect. Single ventricle does not include mitral and tricuspid atresia by definition, nor does it include straddling tricuspid orifice, in which two distinct ventricles are present. The concept of single ventricle herein defined differs from de la Cruz and Miller's concept of double-inlet left ventricle which includes straddling tricuspid orifice. Embryologically in single ventricle we are dealing with persistence of the primitive state of the bulboventricular loop, due to a lack of expansion of the atrial canal to the right during the process of absorption of the bulbus.
Granulomatous Skin Lesions and Alpha-Methyldopa
Authors: JACQUES D. WELLS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 November 1974Granulomatous Skin Lesions and Alpha-MethyldopaJACQUES D. WELLS, M.D., MINE KURTAY, M.D., JON C. LOCHNER, M.D., WALTER L. GEORGE, M.D., F.A.C.P.JACQUES D. WELLS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MINE KURTAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JON C. LOCHNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WALTER L. GEORGE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-701 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Alpha-methyldopa is extensively used as an effective antihypertensive drug.We recently studied a 59-year-old physician who developed nodular skin lesions and a systemic illness during the administration of alpha-methyldopa as the only medication for control of a sustained elevation of blood pressure.The blood pressure diminished from 185/110 mm Hg to normal ranges with 250 mg of alpha-methyldopa four times daily, and after 2 months of medication, progressive arthralgia of his knees and weakness of his quadriceps muscles occurred.After 4 months of alpha-methyldopa therapy, night sweats and 1 °C elevation of temperature occurred. Four nodular growths...References1. SOLOMONESTERLY LN: The adult skin and its potential for allergic reactions. Med Clin N Am 58:165-181, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. PERRYCHAPLINCARMODY HHS: Immunologic findings in patients receiving methyl dopa: a prospective study. J Lab Clin Med 78:905-917, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. PUGSLEY E: Adverse reaction to methyl dopa. Can Med Assoc J 106:1064, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. TALLGRENSERVO LC: Hyperpyrexia in association with administration of L-alpha methyl dopa. A report of two cases. Arch Med Scand 186:223-226, 1969 Google Scholar5. DORFMANNKAHNSÉZE HMSD [sic]: Iatrogenic lupus: current status of the question. I. Clinical study and main drugs responsible. Nouv Presse Med 1:2907-2912, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Euclid Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGranulomatous Cutaneous Drug Eruptions: A Systematic ReviewAdverse Dermatologic Effects of Cardiovascular Drug Therapy: Part IIIMethyldopa-Induced Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion and Bone Marrow GranulomatosisOral drug reaction to methyldopaToxic Effects of Adrenergic Nerve-End Inhibitors, Neural-Transmitter Depleting Agents and False TransmittersHypotensive drugs 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 701-702KeywordsArthralgiaBlood pressureDrugsKneesLesionsMusclesSweatTemperature Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
SAMHD1 restricts the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by depleting the intracellular pool of deoxynucleoside triphosphates
Authors: Hichem Lahouassa, Waaqo Daddacha, Henning Hofmann, Diana Ayinde, Eric C Logue, Loïc Dragin, Nicolin Bloch, Claire Maudet, Matthieu Bertrand, Thomas Gramberg, Gianfranco Pancino, Stéphane Priet, Bruno Canard, Nadine Laguette, Monsef Benkirane, Catherine Transy, Nathaniel R Landau, Baek Kim, Florence Margottin-Goguet
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B in children, young people, and adults: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: G. Sarri, M. Westby, S. Bermingham, G. Hill-Cawthorne, H. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Chronic hepatitis B describes a spectrum of disease resulting from chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. About a third of the world's population has serological evidence of past or present HBV infection, and 350-400 million people have chronic HBV infection.1 In the UK about 326 000 people are thought to have chronic hepatitis B.2 In some people, chronic hepatitis B may cause liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma; in others it is inactive and does not lead to important health problems.3 Antiviral therapy suppresses HBV replication and decreases the risk of progressive liver disease.4 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitis B in children, young people, and adults.5 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of the best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Assessment and referral in primary care #### Children, young people, and adults who are seropositive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)
Social environment and relapse in schizophrenia.
Authors: W Kinston
Journal: BMJ (1980)

correction of known or suspected risk factors.There is clearly no magic formula, in my experience, which can be placed across the board and applied on a mass scale.There is, unfortunately, no alternative to the careful investigation of every patient on an individual level, correcting each risk factor presented, energetically, by the safest and most acceptable means for the patient.Clearly, the correction of hyperlipidaemia by all reasonable means must be included in any treatment programme for the prevention of atherosclerotic arterial disease.Unfortunately, all large multicentre trials that I have seen seem to fail in that they do not treat the whole patient, and for this reason grave doubt must be thrown on their validity in testing the concept of the primary prevention of arterial disease by studying one factor and seeking to match all other factors.
797-3 Restoration of Thromboresistance in Injured Aortic Segments by a Novel Nitric Oxide Donor
Authors: Tasneem Z. Naqvi, Michael C. Fishbein, Bojan Cercek, Arun M. Thomas, Mia D. Molloy, Lina Badimon, Prediman K. Shah, Thomas C. Hutsell, Sanjay Kaul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Expression of Concern: Sudbø J et al. DNA Content as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1270-8 and Sudbø J et al. The Influence of Resection and Aneuploidy on Mortality in Oral Leukoplakia. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1405-13
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Editorial from The New England Journal of Medicine — Expression of Concern: Sudbø J et al. DNA Content as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Oral Leukoplakia. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1270-8 and Sudbø J et al. The Influence of Resection and Aneuploidy on Mortality in Oral Leukoplakia. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1405-13
Poor fetal growth and maternal smoking reduce sperm quality, finds study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers have found that the quality of early life in the womb, especially fetal growth and whether the mother smoked, has an important effect later on young men’s testicular health.

The team, from Perth, Australia, looked at the testicular volume, semen quality, hormone production, and body fat composition in 423 men aged 22 and 23 years born to a cohort of 2900 mothers enrolled in a study during their pregnancy in 1989-91 (the Western Australia pregnancy (Raine) cohort (www.rainestudy.org.au)).

They found that around one in six men had sperm characteristics …
Revealing Targeted Therapy for Human Cancer by Gene Module Maps
Authors: David J. Wong, Dimitry S.A. Nuyten, Aviv Regev, Meihong Lin, Adam S. Adler, Eran Segal, Marc J. van de Vijver, Howard Y. Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

A major goal of cancer research is to match specific therapies to molecular targets in cancer. Genome-scale expression profiling has identified new subtypes of cancer based on consistent patterns of variation in gene expression, leading to improved prognostic predictions. However, how these new genetic subtypes of cancers should be treated is unknown. Here, we show that a gene module map can guide the prospective identification of targeted therapies for genetic subtypes of cancer. By visualizing genome-scale gene expression in cancer as combinations of activated and deactivated functional modules, gene module maps can reveal specific functional pathways associated with each subtype that might be susceptible to targeted therapies. We show that in human breast cancers, activation of a poor-prognosis "wound signature" is strongly associated with induction of both a mitochondria gene module and a proteasome gene module. We found that 3-bromopyruvic acid, which inhibits glycolysis, selectively killed breast cells expressing the mitochondria and wound signatures. In addition, inhibition of proteasome activity by bortezomib, a drug approved for human use in multiple myeloma, abrogated wound signature expression and selectively killed breast cells expressing the wound signature. Thus, gene module maps may enable rapid translation of complex genomic signatures in human disease to targeted therapeutic strategies.
Scientists develop a "vaccine" against diabetes
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Scientists have developed the world's first drug that successfully halts the immune system's destruction of pancreatic b cells in humans. Called DiaPep277, the drug offers the possibility of preventing type I diabetes in healthy people with a genetic risk of the disease and halting its progression in people whose b cells have already begun to die.

The research team, led by Professor Irun Cohen of the Weizmann Institute of Science's department of immunology, proved that three injections of DiaPep277 given within six months of diagnosis of type I diabetes successfully arrested the progression of the disease in newly diagnosed patients. Participants did not show any harmful or major side effects, and none left the study.

“It remains to be seen if, and at what intervals, additional DiaPep277 treatments might be needed to maintain long term endogenous insulin production,” Professor Cohen said.

A report on the …
Inflammation in ischemic heart disease: Response to tissue injury or a pathogenetic villain?
Authors: J Mehta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Time for primary review 32 days. 

The presence of inflammatory cells in the ischemic myocardial tissues has traditionally been believed to represent pathophysiologic response to injury [1]. It is only recently that inflammation has been related to the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes [2,3], reperfusion injury to ischemic myocardium [4], restenosis after angioplasty [5–7], failure of cardiac transplant [8], and chronic heart failure [9]. Accordingly, the relationship between inflammation with atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia is now an area of active investigation.

Accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and their activation are key features of inflammatory reaction associated with acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion [3]. Experimental studies have shown that influx of PMNs into tissues results in tissue injury beyond that caused by ischemia alone [10,11]. It has also become apparent that the recruitment of PMNs during ischemia-reperfusion involves numerous mediators [3,4]. The causative role of PMNs in reperfusion injury in animals is supported by the observations of reduction in microvascular dysfunction and tissue injury by strategies that prevent PMN influx in tissues by either a decrease in the number of circulating PMNs [12], or prevent PMN activation [13]. Other studies [14] have shown that inhibition of release of PMN-derived mediators of tissue injury [14] or blockade of adhesion molecules on PMNs [15,16] and/or endothelial cells [17] also reduce tissues injury. Many aspects of inflammation as a participant in myocardial ischemia in animal models have been reviewed in the recent past [16–19].

In this report, we review our current understanding of inflammation in myocardial ischemia in patients with myocardial ischemia. If the concept of a causative role of inflammation, especially PMN accumulation and activation, in ischemic heart disease (IHD) is proven, anti-inflammatory therapy may be designed to prevent and treat this common … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-352-379-4160; fax: +1-352-379-4161 mehta{at}medmac.ufl.edu
Ranbaxy withdraws all its AIDS drugs from WHO list
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Ranbaxy, an Indian generic drug company, has withdrawn all of its AIDS medicines from the World Health Organization's list of recommended drugs, not because they are unsafe or of poor quality, but because they may not be as effective as they should be, a spokeswoman for the WHO said.

The WHO announced Ranbaxy's move on 9 November, six months after the health agency removed these and certain other AIDS medicines from its so called prequalification list of essential …