tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cubosomes containing 5-fluorouracil for liver targeting
Authors: Mohamed Nasr, Mohamed K. Ghorab, Ahmed Abdelazem
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

The objective of this study was to prepare cubosomal nanoparticles containing a hydrophilic anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for liver targeting. Cubosomal dispersions were prepared by disrupting a cubic gel phase of monoolein and water in the presence of Poloxamer 407 as a stabilizer. Cubosomes loaded with 5-FU were characterized in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, 5-FU-loaded cubosomes entrapped 31.21% drug and revealed nanometer-sized particles with a narrow particle size distribution. In vitro 5-FU release from cubosomes exhibited a phase of rapid release of about half of the entrapped drug during the first hour, followed by a relatively slower drug release as compared to 5-FU solution. In vivo biodistribution experiments indicated that the cubosomal formulation significantly (P<0.05) increased 5-FU liver concentration, a value approximately 5-fold greater than that observed with a 5-FU solution. However, serum serological results and histopathological findings revealed greater hepatocellular damage in rats treated with cubosomal formulation. These results demonstrate the successful development of cubosomal nanoparticles containing 5-FU for liver targeting. However, further studies are required to evaluate hepatotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity of lower doses of 5-FU cubosomal formulation in treatment of liver cancer.
Doctors' arrogance blamed for retention of childrens' organs
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Doctors'“arrogance born of indifference” was to blame for hospitals routinely retaining dead children's organs for years without obtaining parents' consent, declared Ian Kennedy, chairman of the inquiry into children's heart surgery at Bristol, in a hard hitting interim report last week.

Professor Kennedy recommended either an enforceable code of practice or, preferably, a new law to tighten up the regime on consent. A code of practice would be incorporated in clinicians' employment contract, and breaches of it could lead to disciplinary sanctions.

His preference was to give a code statutory force, by incorporating it in a schedule to an act of parliament or by stipulating …
Doctors' attitudes, medical philosophy, and political views.
Authors: R E Wakeford, L Allery
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A survey of 507 British physicians in different specialties was conducted to investigate their attitudes on various medico-moral and practice issues. There were few substantial differences among the specialty groups in their responses to questions concerning specific bioethical and practical issues. However, the groups differed substantially in political outlook and general medical philosophy. Ranged from the most right wing and technological to the most left wing and humanistic were the following groups: surgeons, hospital physicians, women physicians, general practitioners, and psychiatrists.
Airway Inflammation and Severe Asthma
Authors: Homer A. Boushey
Journal: JAMA (1998)

The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of severe asthma chronically treated with high doses of glucocorticoids is poorly understood. Despite this, treatment has been aimed at advancing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator therapy. This study was designed to evaluate both the presence and type of airway inflammation in patients with severe asthma. A prospective bronchoscopic study evaluated 14 severe, high-dose oral glucocorticoid dependent asthmatics. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for cytology and inflammatory mediators. Endobronchial and transbronchial biopsies were performed in selected patients for morphometric evaluation of macrophage/monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. These results were compared with lavage and endo- and transbronchial biopsy studies in normal controls and patients with moderate asthma. The concentration of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was highest in the moderate asthmatics not on glucocorticoids, with very little difference between normal controls and severe asthmatics (significant difference among the groups, P=0.007). In contrast, the severe asthmatics demonstrated a twofold higher concentration of neutrophils in lavage than either the mild-moderate asthmatics, or the normal controls (P=0.032 among the groups, P&lt;0.05 between the severe asthmatics and both controls). Similar results were obtained in the endobronchial and transbronchial biopsy specimens, which consistently showed significantly higher numbers of neutrophils in the severe asthmatics than in the control groups. The eicosanoid mediators, thromboxane and leukotriene B4, were also highest in the severe asthma group (differences among the groups, P=0.019 and P=0.023, respectively). These findings suggest that inflammation remains in severe symptomatic asthmatics despite treatment with high dose glucocorticoids which may be due to the severity of disease, glucocorticoid treatment, or other as yet undefined factors.
The Working Group Report on Science-Based Categories for Abstracts
Authors: Robert O. Bonow, George A. Mensah, Michael A. Bettmann, Gary H. Gibbons, Augustus O. Grant, Jose Jalife, Rose M. Robertson
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

A primary mission of the Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association (AHA) is to attract the best new and emerging science from a wide spectrum of established and new investigators worldwide.The AHA also seeks to promote the missions of its scientific councils (Table 1) by fostering interaction and collaboration between new and old members as well as non-members participating in the scientific sessions.In order to facilitate submission of abstracts for presentation at the scientific sessions and to enable a fair review and grading of submitted abstracts, the
Haemodynamic Effects of Pharmacological Denervation of the Heart at Rest and During Exercise in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: A. Lockhart, M. Tsareva, F. Schrijen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article Haemodynamic Effects of Pharmacological Denervation of the Heart at Rest and During Exercise in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease Get access A. Lockhart, A. Lockhart From the Groupe de Recherches de Physio-Pathologie Respiratoire de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Nancy, and Centre de Calcul et de Statistique de la Faculté de Médecine de Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Tsareva, M. Tsareva From the Groupe de Recherches de Physio-Pathologie Respiratoire de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Nancy, and Centre de Calcul et de Statistique de la Faculté de Médecine de Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Schrijen F. Schrijen From the Groupe de Recherches de Physio-Pathologie Respiratoire de l'I.N.S.E.R.M., Nancy, and Centre de Calcul et de Statistique de la Faculté de Médecine de Paris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 100–107, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.1.100 Published: 01 January 1968 Article history Received: 31 July 1967 Published: 01 January 1968
Breast Cancer and Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus
Authors: CHARLES WISEMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Breast Cancer and Mouse Mammary Tumor VirusCHARLES WISEMAN, M.D.CHARLES WISEMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-411_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent report by Poon and associates (1) provides additional evidence associating antigens of mouse mammary tumor virus with human breast cancer. However, a number of questions should be raised regarding details of the methods in their study.The authors state that their patient, a laboratory worker, had in the past been a negative control but unexpectedly developed a positive reactivity. Nine months later, she developed breast cancer. The authors do not tell us if the patient was resampled, or if the positive specimen was reproducibly reactive, or to what titer was this reactivity identifiable. In normal...References1. POONTOMANANIEDERMEIER MMW. Serum antibodies against mouse mammary tumor-virus-associated antigen detected nine months before appearance of a breast carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:937-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WISEMANBOWENDAVISHERSHBROWNBLUMENSCHEIN CJJEBG. Human lymphocyte blastogenesis responses to the mouse mammary tumor virus. JNCI. 1980;64:425-30. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. WISEMANCAILLEAUOLIZEBLUMENSCHEINBOWEN CRMGJ. Autologous and homologous immunofluorescent antibody to establish breast cell cancer lines. In Vitro. 1980;16:629-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wilshire Oncology Medical Group, Inc. Los Angeles, CA 90057 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 411-411KeywordsAntigensBreast cancerResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
SYNOVECTOMY OF THE KNEE JOINT IN CHRONIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: ELLIS JONES
Journal: JAMA (1923)

My purpose in this paper is to present the value of synovectomy in carefully selected cases of chronic arthritis of the knee joint. Synovectomy, a systematic removal, total or partial, of the articular synovial membrane, has long been used in various infections of the joint, and was originally recommended as surgical treatment for synovial tuberculosis. The application of synovectomy, therefore, has been extremely restricted. Albertin, in 1895, reported two successful cases in which the operation was performed through lateral incisions for an acute infectious arthritis following penetrating wounds of the knee. Mignon, in 1899, ablated the anterior portion of the membrane in a case reported as a chronic traumatic hydrarthrosis with extreme synovial hypertrophy. Murphy, in 1916, reported two cases of synovectomy in so-called hypertrophic villous synovitis. His technic included a horseshoe skin incision with the base above and a transverse division of the ligamentum patellae, permitting upward reflection of
MARRIAGE IN EPILEPSY
Authors: William G. Lennox
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I realize that answers to the questions propounded in Queries and Minor Notes must be brief, but a half answer may be worse than none. This is the case in the answer to "Marriage in Epilepsy" on page 1402 of the issue of October 18. Largely on the basis of the electroencephalographic evidence which my associates and I have gathered, the writer states that the only hope of eliminating epilepsy is by birth control among epileptic adults. He overlooks the fact that the brain wave studies indicate that for every epileptic patient there are probably twenty or more nonepileptic patients who nevertheless are carriers of this or an allied disorder. Therefore, childlessness of all persons with epilepsy would eliminate only 5 per cent of epilepsy. Prohibitions applied to a person with epilepsy apply with equal force to one half of his relatives and to something like 10
Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) Binds to Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRP-α) on Alveolar Macrophages and Dendritic Cells and Promotes Allergen-Induced Lymph-Node Directed Migration
Authors: L.R. Forbes, B. Ducka, M. Fehrenbach, L. Hortobagyi, X. Zhu, S. Kierstein, S.K. Sharma, A. Haczku
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage: Vasopressin for a Jehovah's Witness
Authors: MARTIN E. GORDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 September 1973Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage: Vasopressin for a Jehovah's WitnessMARTIN E. GORDON, M.D., F.A.C.P., GALE R. RAMSBY, M.D., NICHOLAS M. PASSARELLI, M.D., CALIXTO A. ROMERO, M.D.MARTIN E. GORDON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, GALE R. RAMSBY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NICHOLAS M. PASSARELLI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CALIXTO A. ROMERO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-3-451_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Selective arterial catheterizations have been used in recent years by others (1, 2) and by us to locate and control massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Indications for using vasopressin infusion are the reduction or elimination of blood transfusions, postponement of surgical intervention in emergency situations, and philosophical or religious objections to transfusions, as in the case history.A 60-year-old white female Jehovah's Witness was admitted to the Yale New Haven Hospital soon after the spontaneous regurgitation of a cupful of red blood. She and her son immediately signed forms interdicting the use of blood in her therapy, for religious...References1. BLAKEMOREBAUMNUSBAUM WSM: Diagnosis and management of massive hemorrhage from postoperative stress ulcers of the descending duodenum. Surg Clin North Am 50:979-984, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROSCHGRAYGROLLMAN JRJ: Selective arterial drug infusions in the treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterology 59:341-349, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1973Volume 79, Issue 3Page: 451-452KeywordsBloodBlood transfusionCatheterizationGastrointestinal hemorrhageHemorrhagePeptic ulcersVasopressin Issue Published: 1 September 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Interference with the Complement System by Tumor Cell Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Plays a Significant Role in Promoting Metastasis in Mice
Authors: Dmitri V. Rozanov, Alexei Y. Savinov, Vladislav S. Golubkov, Stephen Tomlinson, Alex Y. Strongin
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Neoplasms have developed strategies to protect themselves against the complement-mediated host immunity. Invasion- and metastasis-promoting membrane type-1 (MT1) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is strongly associated with many metastatic cancer types. The relative importance of the individual functions of MT1-MMP in metastasis was, however, unknown. We have now determined that the expression of murine MT1-MMP in murine melanoma B16F1 cells strongly increased the number of metastatic loci in the lungs of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. In contrast, MT1-MMP did not affect the number of metastatic loci in complement-deficient C57BL/6-C3−/− mice. Our results indicated, for the first time, that the anticomplement activity of MT1-MMP played a significant role in promoting metastasis in vivo and determined the relative importance of the anticomplement activity in the total metastatic effect of this multifunctional proteolytic enzyme. We believe that our results shed additional light on the functions of MT1-MMP in cancer and clearly make this protease a promising drug target in metastatic malignancies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(12): 6258-63)
Distribution of enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism in cow snout epidermis
Authors: RYOHEI OGURA, HIDEAKI KOGA, MASANORI KINOSHITA, YUKIE TAKASHIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Certain enzymes participating in the degradation of DNA have been measured in cow snout epidermis, liver, kidney and intestinal epithelium. High activities were found in epidermis compared to other tissues. The enzyme profile of the epidermis was investigated in relation to depth. Those enzymes directly concerned with DNA degradation occurred mainly in the upper (keratinizing) layer.
Taking the industry line
Authors: J. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Mary Goldring, who has always impressed me in the past, fell apart as she tried to analyse the drugs industry. Pompous, overwordy, lacking intellectual rigour, and using analogies whenever possible (how this infuriates me), she ploughed on for a full hour. There was no clear thread to the programme, and I imagine there will have been many a grazer who flicked back to the VE Day celebrations.

The press release suggested that we would get an analysis of the pharmaceutical industry as a business, and I had hoped for a critical and thoughtful account. We got a series of unrelated, …
Splenectomy in Sickle-Cell Disease
Authors: Peter W. Wilson, William R. Berry, Wendell F. Rosse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 August 1979Splenectomy in Sickle-Cell DiseasePETER W. WILSON, M.D., WILLIAM R. BERRY, M.D., WENDELL F. ROSSE, M.D.PETER W. WILSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILLIAM R. BERRY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WENDELL F. ROSSE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-2-320_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the March 1979 Balleston and Warth (1) describe the case of an adult with sickle-cell anemia and splenomegaly who profited from splenectomy. We describe a similar case and relate a different experience.A 20-year-old woman was seen at the Duke University Medical Center because of recurrent left-upper-quadrant pain and persistent swelling in that area. History showed sickle-cell anemia with hepatosplenomegaly diagnosed at age 3 at the same medical center. Results of physical examination on presentation were remarkable for a protuberant and tender spleen, which extended to the left anterior iliac crest; no hepatomegaly or ascites were...References1. BALLESTERWARTH OJ. Sickle cell anemia: recurrent splenic pain relieved by splenecromy. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:349-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HATHORN M. Patterns of red cell destruction in sickle-cell anemia. Br J Haematol. 1967;13:746-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LOGUEROSSESMITHSALTZMANGUTTERMAN GWWHL. Endogenous carbon monoxide production measured by gas-phase analysis: an estimation of heme catabolic rate. J Lab Clin Med. 1971;77:867-76. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. PEARSONSPENCERCORNELIUS HRE. Functional asplenia in sickle-cell anemia. N Engl J Med. 1969;281:923-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySplenomegaly and Splenic Sequestration in an Adult With Sickle Cell AnemiaClinical Pharmacology for Pediatricians. II. Antisickling Agents, with Special Reference to New Vasoerythroactive Drugs 1 August 1979Volume 91, Issue 2Page: 320-320KeywordsAnemiaAscitesHepatomegalyHepatosplenomegalyInflammationSpleenSplenectomySplenomegaly Issue Published: 1 August 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract LB-6: bHLH transcription factor Id4 plays a regulatory role in cell cycle control, apoptosis, and senescence in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer
Authors: Carey P. Jason, Jaideep Chaudhary, Ashley Evans
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Id4 belongs to a family of genes that are dominant negative regulators of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. Id4 expression shows an inverse correlation to Id1-3 expression in advanced metastatic prostate cancer which act as tumor promoter genes. Recent Id4 promoter hypermethyation data suggests that Id4 may act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer, and loss of Id4 expression may correlate with androgen insensitive prostate cancer progression. The inhibitory role of Id4 is characterized by inhibition of cancer progression and up regulation of tumor suppressor genes. In the DU145 prostate cancer cell line, Id4 down regulation is responsible for increased cell survival, metastasis and decreased apoptosis. Id4 absent/androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU145 was used to ectopically express Id4 mRNA and protein. This allowed for a novel identification of the role Id4 plays in cell cycle control, apoptosis and proliferation in an advanced prostate cancer model. FACS analysis highlighted the role of Id4 in cell cycle maintenance. Apoptosis assays support the tumor suppressor role of Id4 in DU145 cell lines. Senescence assays were also conducted on in Id4 expressing DU145 cells. RT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to study gene expression of downstream apoptosis and cell cycle control genes E-cadherin, p21, p27, p53, MDM2, E2F1 and, Androgen receptor. Du145 + Id4 prostate cancer cells have significantly decreased proliferation due to an S-phase arrest possibly associated with E2F-1 down regulation. The increased expression of E-cadherin, p27, p21 and p53 strengthens the hypothesis of Id4 as a tumor suppressor by regulating key cell cycle control and apoptosis associated genes. A functional androgen receptor was also induced in this androgen insensitive prostate cancer model. Id4 ectopic expression resulted in a significant decrease in Id1 and Id3, which are known contributors to metastasis and cell survival. This suggests that Id4 may inhibit bHLH transcription factors involved in proliferation, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Id4 induces apoptosis whether dependent/independent of the mutated p53 gene in DU145 cells. The presence of senescent cells in Id4 transfected cell lines suggest that Id4 may also play a role in autophagic cell death. We conclude that the mechanism by which Id4 may act as a tumor suppressor is by influencing a hierarchy of cellular processes at multiple levels including, apoptosis, senescence and S-phase mediated cell cycle arrest, which results in changes to cell morphology, and androgen receptor response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-6.