tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regular formoterol treatment in mild asthma. Effect on bronchial responsiveness during and after treatment.
Authors: D H Yates, H S Sussman, M J Shaw, P J Barnes, K F Chung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Regular beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist therapy may lead to a rebound increase in bronchial responsiveness on discontinuation of therapy and a reduction in bronchoprotective effects. Formoterol, a long-acting beta 2-agonist, is effective in single doses in the prevention of methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study, we examined the effect of an inhaled long-acting beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, formoterol (24 micrograms twice a day) for 2 wk on airway function and responsiveness in 17 subjects with mild asthma (mean age, 26.3 +/- 1.4 yr) who were not taking inhaled glucocorticosteroids. FEV1 and the provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) were measured at 36, 60, and 108 h and at 2 wk after the last dose of regular treatment. In addition, PC20 was measured 12 h after the first and the last dose of formoterol and placebo. PC20 values at 36, 60, and 108 h and at 2 wk after formoterol treatment cessation were not significantly different from those after placebo. Mean FEV1 was 3.44 +/- 0.18 L after placebo compared with 3.79 +/- 0.20 L after formoterol (p < 0.001) 12 h after the first dose, and mean PC20 was 0.53 (GSEM 1.4) mg/ml after placebo compared with 2.0 (GSEM 1.4) mg/ml after formoterol (p < 0.001). After 2 wk of regular treatment, mean FEV1 at 12 h after the final dose of formoterol fell to 3.51 +/- 0.23 L compared with 3.41 +/- 0.18 L after the final dose of placebo (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
"Rheumatoid" Nodules in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: BEVRA H. HAHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and periarticular subcutaneous nodules are described. The nodules were biopsied in three patients. Each specimen was histologically typical of the well-developed "rheumatoid" nodule. The features of SLE in these patients included fever, constitutional symptoms, polyarthritis, skin rash, serositis, glomerulonephritis, anemia, and leukopenia. All had lupus erythematosus cells, antinuclear antibodies, and reduced serum complement. The latex test was negative in three patients and only transiently positive in the other three. When present, the subcutaneous nodule was invariably associated with clinically active SLE. In the patient with polyarthritis the presence of periarticular subcutaneous nodules may be a hallmark of SLE as well as rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatment of Massive Hemorrhage after Renal Biopsy with Angiographic Injection of Clot
Authors: Sherman J. Silber, Robert E. Clark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

SURGICAL intervention for control of massive renal hemorrhage after trauma generally results in nephrectomy, or at least, heminephrectomy.1 , 2 We have shown recently that in blunt trauma with persistent hemorrhage angiographic injection of autologous clot into a segmental renal artery stops the bleeding, and rapid subsequent recanalization ensures minimal infarction of renal tissue.3 , 4 We have now employed this technic to control massive hemorrhage after renal biopsy by non-operative means and with minimal sacrifice of renal tissue.Case ReportA 49-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on February 4, 1975, for investigation of hypertension and azotemia. The serum creatinine was 2.7 . . .
Small Molecule Treats Heart Arrhythmias in Fish
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PrLZ Protects Prostate Cancer Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Androgen Deprivation via the Activation of Stat3/Bcl-2 Pathway
Authors: Dong Zhang, Dalin He, Yan Xue, Ruoxiang Wang, Kaijie Wu, Hongjun Xie, Jin Zeng, Xinyang Wang, Haiyen E. Zhau, Leland W.K. Chung, Luke S. Chang, Lei Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PrLZ/PC-1 is a newly identified, prostate-specific and androgen-inducible gene. Our previous study showed that PrLZ can enhance the proliferation and invasive capability of LNCaP cells, contributing to the development of prostate cancer. However, its potential role in androgen-independent processes remains elusive. In this study, we showed that PrLZ enhanced in vitro growth and colony formation of prostate cancer cells on androgen deprivation as well as tumorigenicity in castrated nude mice. In addition, PrLZ stabilized mitochondrial transmembrane potential, prevented release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytoplasm, and inhibited intrinsic apoptosis induced by androgen depletion. Mechanistically, PrLZ elevated the phosphorylation of Akt and Stat3 and upregulated Bcl-2 expression. Our data indicate that PrLZ protects prostate cancer cells from apoptosis and promotes tumor progression following androgen deprivation. In summary, we propose that PrLZ is a novel antiapoptotic gene that is specifically activated in prostate cancer cells escaping androgen deprivation may offer an appealing therapeutic target to prevent or treat advanced prostate malignancy. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2193–202. ©2011 AACR.
Oncolytic Capacity of Attenuated Replicative Semliki Forest Virus in Human Melanoma Xenografts in Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice
Authors: Markus J.V. Vähä-Koskela, Janne P. Kallio, Linda C. Jansson, Jari E. Heikkilä, Vasily A. Zakhartchenko, Markku A. Kallajoki, Veli-Matti Kähäri, Ari E. Hinkkanen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Oncolytic viruses have gained attention as a novel form of cancer treatment. Many viral vectors in use today have been rendered safe by deletion of genes encoding viral structural proteins, thus making them unable to spread beyond the first infected cells. Hence, such replication-deficient constructs may lack efficacy. Here, we analyzed the oncolytic potential of the replication-competent vector VA7-EGFP, based on the avirulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) strain A7(74), to kill cancer cells in culture as well as to target s.c. human melanoma xenografts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. VA7-EGFP was able to infect most cancer cell lines studied, leading to complete lysis of the cells within 72 hours after infection. In SCID mice grafted with A2058 human melanoma, marked regression of the xenografts was observed following a single injection of 106 plaque-forming units of virus given either i.p., i.v., or intratumorally. Histologic analysis revealed the presence of virus not only in all treated tumors but also in the brains of the treated mice, causing progressing neuropathology beginning at day 16 after infection. Following initial oncolysis, clusters of viable tumor cells were observed embedded in connective tissue, and at later stages, encapsulated tumor nodules had formed. Infection of melanoma cells from explant cultures of these nodules revealed that a portion of the cells were resistant to virus. To be eligible for use in virotherapy, the ability of avirulent SFV to spread within tumor tissue may have to be improved and the biological safety of the virus may have to be addressed thoroughly in higher animals. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7185-94)
The Midas touch?
Authors: P A Twiddy
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To test the hypothesis that GP trainees are worth their weight in gold.Data collected from 100 consecutive patients analysed with reference to practice statistics, fees, and allowances.General practice, Edinburgh.In the year April 1992 to April 1993 the trainee saw 3439 patients, who were worth over 18,000 pounds in capitation fees. The training grant is 4570 pounds, the trainee performed child health surveillance worth 1000 pounds, and items of service fees earned more than 8500 pounds. The trainee brought over 31,000 pounds into the practice in one year.Trainees are (almost) worth their weight in gold.
Anatomy of the Conduction System
Authors: JACK L. TITUS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Some, but not all, cardiac arrhythmias are related to pathologic lesions of the cardiac conduction system. Common atrial dysrhythmias and first-degree atrioventricular (A-V) block rarely are explained on the basis of anatomic lesions in specific sites of the conduction system or its blood supply. Second-degree A-V block of Mobitz type II, which may be a precursor of complete (third-degree) heart block, commonly is associated with fibrotic lesions of uncertain etiology in the branching part of the bundle of His or the bundle branches. Ischemic lesions are found less often, and other pathologic processes rarely are present. Chronic complete heart block most often results from nonspecific, fibrotic interruption of the distal bundle of His, or of the first parts of the bundle branches after their origins. Ischemic lesions are uncommonly the cause of chronic block. High-grade A-V block complicating acute myocardial infarction may be associated with infarction of the A-V conduction system, but often morphologic evidence of ischemia cannot be identified. Congenital variants in anatomy of the conduction system are responsible for some relatively uncommon arrhythmias.
THE ORIGIN OF CANCER IN MAN
Authors: WILLIAM CRAMER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The title of my paper might be expressed more simply by the question Why does a patient get cancer? This is a question which must have come often to your mind. If a patient presents himself or herself at an early stage of the disease when the growth is still small, the feeling or the seeing of a tumor may have been the very first sign of the disease. There may be no other symptoms, not even pain, the patient is apparently in good health, there is no previous history of any disease or trauma: the disease appears like a "bolt from the blue." The early workers in cancer research laboratories had the same experience. They kept large numbers of young mice or of rats together in big cages on the same diet. After a while one of these animals, which had never been subjected to any experimental procedure, would
TCT-681 Effect of Intra-Cardiac Echocardiography on Complications of Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Closure: A 5 Year Perspective of the United States.
Authors: Abhishek J. Deshmukh, Ankit Chothani, Vikas Singh, Kathan Mehta, Ghanshyambhai T. Savani, Neeraj Shah, Ankit Rathod, Shilpkumar Arora, Nileshkumar J. Patel, Peeyush Grover, Dhaval B. Khalpada, Vipulkumar Bhalara, Narendrasinh G. Parmar, Sandeepkumar J. Gupta, Nilay Patel, Rajesh Sachdeva, Apurva Badheka, Mauricio G. Cohen, William W O'Neill, Eduardo de Marchena, Juan F Viles-Gonzalez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
F-18 FDG PET/CT Scanning in Charcot Disease
Authors: Kristy M. Pickwell, Marinus J. van Kroonenburgh, René E. Weijers, Pauline V. van Hirtum, Maya S. Huijberts, Nicolaas C. Schaper
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

because of the increasing prevalence of diabetes, complications of diabetes will also become more prevalent. The pathophysiology of Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (Charcot disease) as a complication of diabetes is still enigmatic. As a consequence, the optimal diagnostic, follow-up, and therapeutic strategies are unclear. To obtain more insight into the relation between bony abnormalities and the (concurrent) inflammatory response in acute Charcot disease, thereby creating more insight into the pathophysiology of this disease, we performed F-18 FDG PET/CT scanning.We performed F-18 FDG PET/CT and Tc-99m bone scintigraphy in 10 patients with Charcot disease. Bony abnormalities on CT-scan and areas of increased uptake on F-18 FDG PET and Tc-99m bone scintigraphy were assessed independently. Subsequently, fused PET/CT images were evaluated for number and location of PET lesions.nine patients had increased uptake of F-18 FDG, indicating inflammation, in 25 areas of soft tissue and/or bone without concurrent bony abnormalities on CT.presented F-18 FDG PET/CT data may indicate an inflammatory origin of Charcot disease, with secondary bone resorption, possibly due to decreased inhibitory neurogenic inflammatory responses as a result of small fiber neuropathy. If these findings can be confirmed in future studies, F-18 FDG PET/CT scanning may be added to the diagnostic arsenal in Charcot disease, and anti-inflammatory drugs may be added to the therapeutic arsenal.
Wright's Liver and Biliary Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Hepatology has grown from a largely descriptive science to one of greater understanding of the mechanism of disease. The consequent development of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities has been dramatic. <i>Wright's Liver and Biliary Disease</i>reflects this progression. Volume 1 describes the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary disease. A comprehensive chapter on nutrition includes the nutritional role of the liver, diet and nutritional factors in liver damage, and nutritional management of patients with liver disease. Useful diets are provided. The advances in microbiology are used to explain liver regeneration, matrix synthesis, pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, development of cirrhosis, genetics, and processing of α1-antitrypsin. Clinical diagnostic options are well illustrated and include magnetic resonance imaging and percutaneous and endoscopic techniques. Therapeutic endoscopy, such as stenting of tumors and lithotripsy, is briefly discussed. The chapter on investigation of the jaundiced patient provides a concise but thorough guide. Cross-references to other chapters conserve text—the mark of
Influence of Cocaine Use on Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Stephen T. Higgins
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —The potential contribution of cigarette smoking to cocaine-associated catastrophic cardiac events has been mentioned in several reports, 1,2 including an experimental study demonstrating that cigarette smoking exacerbates the deleterious effects of cocaine on myocardial oxygen supply. 1 We have written to share four recent observations by our group suggesting that combined use of cigarettes and cocaine is common among cocaine abusers, and that cocaine abusers who smoke cigarettes may place themselves at greater risk for adverse cardiac effects by using cocaine more frequently or in larger amounts than nonsmokers and by smoking at an elevated rate while under the influence of cocaine.  First, we compared the point prevalence of smoking in cocaine-dependent patients (n=87) enrolled in drug-abuse treatment with a matched general-population sample (n=78); prevalence was 3.4 times greater (75% vs 22%; P  3   Second, among the cocaine-dependent patients in that study, smokers
Expression of stem cell factor in epithelial cells and number of mast cells in nasal polyps are associated with patients' clinical phenotypes
Authors: M.L. Kowalski, A. Lewandowska, R. Pawliczak, J. Wozniak, A. Ptasinska, A. Jankowski, T. Kornatowski, M. Wagrowska-Danilewicz, M. Danilewicz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
N-Acetylcysteine pretreatment of cardiac surgery patients influences plasma neutrophil elastase and neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
Authors: W. A. De Backer, B. Amsel, P. G. Jorens, L. Bossaert, P. S. Hiemstra, P. van Noort, F. J. van Overveld
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Mutations in TRPV4 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C
Authors: Guida Landouré, Anselm A Zdebik, Tara L Martinez, Barrington G Burnett, Horia C Stanescu, Hitoshi Inada, Yijun Shi, Addis A Taye, Lingling Kong, Clare H Munns, Shelly S Choo, Christopher B Phelps, Reema Paudel, Henry Houlden, Christy L Ludlow, Michael J Caterina, Rachelle Gaudet, Robert Kleta, Kenneth H Fischbeck, Charlotte J Sumner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Addicted Viet Nam Veterans: A Comparison of Self-Referred and System-Referred Samples
Authors: EDGAR P. NACE, ANDREW L. MEYERS, JOSEPH M. ROTHBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors report that addicts who volunteered for an Army heroin treatment program differed from those who were detected by urine screening in that they had displayed a greater degree of antisocial behavior in civilian life and had more frequent psychiatric contacts in the service as well as a more extensive history of drug use. The finding that drug use is less frequent during the earliest months of military training than during both the preceding civilian months and the later phases of military duty suggests that recognition and intervention during the early months of military training may be the chief means of primary prevention.
Toward More Critical Research on Developmental Defects of the Brain
Authors: Eldon L. Foltz
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In the article  Hydrocephalus: II. Amelioration of Fetal Porencephaly by In Utero Therapy in Nonhuman Primates, 1 the authors have contributed to research efforts in prenatal correction or prevention of congenital brain defects in two ways:   They have demonstrated that prenatal manipulation of intrauterine fetal monkeys can be done with acceptable risks.  Their research goals are laudable, infectious, and will stimulate other groups to enlarge and refine this preliminary work.   These efforts are considerable and the authors are to be commended.  The monkey model of induced congenital brain defects used in this work obviously has considerable variability. This variability demands much larger numbers than reported before the validity of the results can be given credence. These prenatal and postnatal studies on monkeys that had undergone teratogenic insults involve only 11 control animals. In these, the specifics of the presumed congenital brain and skull defects produced are inadequately
TUBERCULOSIS AND GOITER
Authors: E. P. SLOAN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

All authorities are agreed on the difficulties sometimes encountered in making a differential diagnosis between pulmonary tuberculosis in the incipient or minimal stage (without definite lung signs) and early goiter when not accompanied by appreciable enlargement of the thyroid. All are agreed on the striking similarity in the symptom complex of the two conditions. In both goiter and early tuberculosis there are tachycardia, instability of the pulse, progressive loss of weight, sweating, nervous symptoms and emotional changes. As regards the metabolic rate as a means of differentiation, in some cases of tuberculosis there is a slight increase in metabolic rate almost identical with that so often seen in the forme fruste or mild type of exophthalmic goiter. Consequently, this criterion also fails us in the differentiation of these two conditions. In both conditions are found sympathetic disturbance and loss of weight despite increased appetite. If to the foregoing syndrome there
Successful Renal Revascularization After Prolonged Nonfunction
Authors: Rolf N. Gulbrandson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Surgical teaching has suggested that renal nonfunction of more than a few days' duration usually precludes success of revascularization procedures. The efficacy of delayed renal revascularization in selected cases has been reported. In this case, the intravenous pyelogram, renal scan, and ureteral catheterization verified nonfunction 30 days before surgical correction of essentially complete atheromatous occlusion of the renal artery. Postoperative studies conducted six weeks and 18 months postoperatively showed normal bilateral renal function. Current temporal limitations on attempts to preserve renal tissue may be too stringent. Revascularization of kidneys may be successful after prolonged periods of ischemia. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2522-2523, 1977)
Recovery of Male Fertility After Sterilization by Nuclear Radiation
Authors: John MacLeod, Robert S. Hotchkiss, Beecher W. Sitterson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The potential fertility of 6 of 8 men accidentally exposed to radiation on June 16, 1958, was studied over a 3 1/2-year period. It is clear that, as measured by semen quality, evidence of recovery of spermatogenesis may be expected within 21 months, although the sperm counts at this time will probably not be consonant with a reasonable level of fertility. A satisfactory level of fertility will be reached by 30 months and a normal level by 41 months. Review of the male fertility data on the recorded cases of less than lethal nuclear radiation accidents shows that relatively small amounts of radiation will produce pronounced effects on the testes, including disturbances in the morphology of the few spermatozoa present in the ejaculate, but that ultimate recovery of some degree of fertility is possible in most cases.
Endoloops as a Therapeutic Option in Colocutaneous Fistula Closure
Authors: A. de Hoyos, O. Villegas, J. Sánchez, M. Monroy
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Colonic perforation is a rare complication of laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty with polypropylene mesh and it is usually due to mesh migration [1] [2]. The presence of a colocutaneous fistula is a sign of high morbidity, and consideration should be given to treatment by endoscopy, although the usual treatment for this complication is open surgery. Fortunately, with advances in colonoscopy, therapeutic options have been developed. The most innovating is the use of endoclips [3].
Lack of evidence of M-cells in porcine left ventricular myocardium
Authors: A Rodríguez-Sinovas
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

The aim of this study was to analyze whether cells with long action potential duration, fast Vmax, and spike-and-dome configuration (M-cells) are present in porcine left ventricular myocardium.Transmembrane action potentials (n = 505) of the left ventricle were recorded with conventional glass microelectrodes in an epicardial-endocardial direction at 2000 ms basic cycle length in 14 pigs. In 3 pigs, potentials were obtained at 1000, 2000, and 5000 ms cycle length before and after superfusion with quinidine HCl 1 microgram/ml. In addition, transmembrane potentials (n = 52) were recorded in 4 dogs at 2000 ms cycle length to verify the ability of our protocol to detect M-cells.In pigs, action potential duration at 90% repolarization was shorter (ANOVA, P < 0.001) and Vmax slower (P < 0.001) in the epicardium than in the other transmural sites, but there were no regional differences in resting membrane potential or in action potential amplitude. Potentials with particularly long phase 3 or with spike-and-dome configuration were not observed. All myocardial sites displayed rate dependence of action potential duration (P = 0.02) which was transmurally homogeneous and persisted after quinidine exposure. The drug did not induce afterdepolarizations. In dogs, potentials with spike-and-dome configuration, long duration, and fast Vmax, like those described in M-cells, were detected in deep epicardial and midmyocardial areas.The porcine left ventricular myocardium shows transmural differences in action potential duration and Vmax, but, unlike dogs, it lacks M-cells.