tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is fibrolamellar carcinoma different from hepatocellular carcinoma? A US population-based study
Authors: Hashem B. El-Serag, Jessica A. Davila
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

There have been no population-based studies of the epidemiology and prognosis of patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using information collected by population-based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The demographic features, stage at diagnosis, and type of therapy, as well as age-adjusted incidence rates and observed and relative survival rates were compared between persons with FLC and those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosed between 1986 and 1999. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to examine the effect of histology (FLC vs. HCC) on the risk of mortality. There were 68 microscopically confirmed cases of FLC and 7,896 cases of HCC. FLC constituted 0.85% of all cases of primary liver cancer and 13.4% of all cases below the age of 40. Compared to HCC, patients with FLC were more likely to be younger (mean age 39 vs. 65), female (51.5% vs. 26.3%), and white (85.3% vs. 56.9%). A greater proportion of case with FLC had localized disease (41.2% vs. 30.9%), or received potentially curative therapy (resection, transplantation), compared to cases with HCC. The age-adjusted incidence rate for FLC was 0.02 per 100,000; No significant differences in age-adjusted incidence rates were observed by gender or race. The 1- and 5-year observed and relative survival rates were significantly longer in patients with FLC than HCC. The 5-year relative survival rate was 31.8% (95% CI, 20.5%-43.1%) for FLC, compared with 6.8% (95% CI, 6.3 %-7.4 %) for HCC. Adjusting for differences in age, gender, race, stage of disease, receipt of resection or transplantation, and time of diagnosis, FLC was independently associated with a 46% reduction in risk of mortality within 5years compared with HCC. In conclusion, in a population-based study, we observed remarkable differences in the epidemiology and prognosis of FLC compared to HCC. (Hepatology 2004;39:798-803.)
TCT-838 Using Inferior Epigastric Artery For Vascular Access Optimization During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Manolis Vavuranakis, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Dimitrios Vrachatis, Maria Kariori, Konstantinos Aznauridis, Carmen Moldovan, Konstantina Masoura, Georgios Lazaros, Ourania Katsarou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Tolrestat for Mild Diabetic Neuropathy: A 52-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Dario Giugliano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tolrestat, an aldose-reductase inhibitor, in patients with mild diabetic autonomic and peripheral neuropathy.Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind 52-week trial.University hospital clinic.Forty-five diabetic patients with asymptomatic autonomic neuropathy identified by at least one pathologic cardiovascular reflex test result.All patients were given placebo during a 4-week run-in period (single-blind). Twenty patients were randomly assigned to continue to receive placebo, and 25 were assigned to treatment with tolrestat (200 mg/d given in the morning).At 12 months, improvements in nerve functions occurred in patients receiving tolrestat. Compared with baseline values, postural hypotension decreased by a value of 5.9 mm Hg (95% Cl, 1.6 to 8.7); deep-breathing, maximum/minimum heart rate (expiration/inspiration ratio) increased by a value of 0.026 (Cl, 0.015 to 0.036); and lying-to-standing heart rate ratio (30:15 ratio) increased by a value of 0.032 (Cl, 0.027 to 0.052). In the placebo group, all test results except postural hypotension deteriorated. Vibration perception threshold at the malleolus and great toe of the dominant leg improved in the tolrestat group (-1.4; Cl, -3.69 to -1.09) but tended to worsen in the placebo group during the study period. No important side effects were detected in either group.The progression of mild diabetic autonomic and peripheral neuropathy may be halted or even reversed by pharmacologic intervention with the aldose-reductase inhibitor tolrestat.
Pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety agents
Authors: M. E. Kosman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MOST clinically observed drug interactions—both beneficial and adverse— are probably caused by additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of agents that act at the same site or on the same physiologic system. There has been more emphasis in the literature, however, on those interactions that occur when one drug affects the activity of another by altering its absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (the so-called "pharmacokinetic,"<sup>1</sup>"ADME",<sup>2</sup>or "indirect"<sup>3</sup>interactions). These complex mechanisms have been extensively studied in laboratory animals, but less is known of their incidence or importance in man. The pharmacokinetic interactions of widely used drugs could be of major clinical importance. This review focuses on a commonly prescribed group, the sedative, hypnotic, and antianxiety agents. <h3>MECHANISMS OF INTERACTIONS</h3><h3>Enhancement of Metabolism.—</h3> Most drugs and many naturally occurring compounds are metabolized into water-soluble derivatives before excretion, and this biotransformation is effected mainly by microsomal enzymes of the
Critical evaluation of plasma and LDL oxidant-trapping potential in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Thao Nguyen-Khoa, Ziad A. Massy, Véronique Witko-Sarsat, Marc Thévenin, Malik Touam, Guy Lambrey, Bernard Lacour, Tilman B. Drüeke, Béatrice Descamps-Latscha
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
O40 TRANSPLANTED PRIMARY MOUSE KUPFFER CELLS ENGRAFT INDEFINITELY WITH RETENTION OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES AND TISSUE REPAIR FUNCTIONS IN LIVER
Authors: S. Merlin, K.K. Bhargava, G. Ranaldo, D. Zanolini, A. Stevano, C.J. Palestro, M. Prat, S. Gupta, A. Follenzi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Prevalence and Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Lene Rytter, Svend Troelsen, Henning Beck-Nielsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

The purpose of this study was to investigate if insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) predispose to the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and modify the prognosis. The study includes 832 AMI patients consecutively hospitalized over a 3-yr period. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the AMI patients was 9.7% and is significantly higher than in an age-matched population, where it is 6.1% (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes was higher for women than for men (14.9% versus 7.6%). The risk of AMI was found to be twice as high among IDDM than among nondiabetic patients (P less than 0.001). Men with NIDDM were not found to have a significantly higher risk of AMI (P greater than 0.1), but the risk of AMI in women with NIDDM was approximately doubled (P less than 0.01). During the first month following AMI the mortality rate for nondiabetic patients was 20.2% compared with 42.0% for diabetic patients (P less than 0.001). Insulin treatment in NIDDM was associated with a reduced mortality rate compared with treatment with oral agents (P less than 0.05). The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with poor metabolic control compared with patients in good control, whether before AMI or at the time of hospitalization. Diabetic patients had a higher risk of developing cardiogenic shock and conduction disorders than nondiabetic patients. We conclude that diabetes mellitus disposes to AMI and that the mortality rate of AMI is significantly increased among diabetic patients. Poor metabolic regulation of the diabetes may aggravate the prognosis for AMI.
The Frail, the Old, and Diagnosis Related Groups
Authors: Gary Yarbrough
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  I read with interest the article by Jencks and Kay1regarding patient characteristics as modifiers of hospital charges under the diagnosis related group system. The authors looked at the poor, the old, the very old, the younger disabled, younger patients with end-stage renal disease, and the older disabled. The authors themselves acknowledge that devices used to identify characteristics of beneficiaries are imprecise, yet proceed to assert that there is no evidence that the most vulnerable Medicare patients cost more to treat than the Medicare population as a whole.  That this conclusion flies in the face of logic and experience is obvious. The reasons for the authors' errors may not be as clear. Certainly, failure to identify those who are truly more vulnerable has contributed to error, as acknowledged by the authors themselves. Achieving 80 years of life does not necessarily guarantee frailty, and failure to measure
Computing Survival Rates for Chronic Disease Patients
Authors: Lillian M. Axtell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The relative survival rate is a criterion for measuring the effectiveness of treatment for most chronic diseases. This simple step-by-step procedure is intended primarily for use in analyzing the survival experience of a small series of patients. The method makes possible the use of all available information in the calculation of long term survival rates even though some have not been observed for the full length of the study.
Small Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinomas: Report on Three Cases
Authors: A. Trecca, T. Fujii, S. Kato, T. Hasebe, H. Tajiri, S. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Small advanced cancers (less than 10 mm in size) have rarely been described in the literature, mainly due to their difficult endoscopic diagnosis. A total of 5120 colonoscopic examinations were performed at the National Cancer Center Hospital East; three cases (0.05 %) of small advanced cancer were found. The indigo carmine dye spraying technique with magnifying endoscopy was used for diagnosis. All cases were flat and depressed lesions (8, 9 and 9 mm in size respectively) with V type pit pattern at the magnifying observation. Histology showed three cancers with invasion to the proper muscle layer and two cases of lymph node metastasis. K-ras point mutation was negative in all cases, while p53 stained in two out of the three cases (one diffuse and one focal). It is concluded that small advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas are a reality. Our data on their macroscopic appearance and histology confirm their high malignant potential.
miR-21 mediates hematopoietic suppression in MDS by activating TGF-β signaling
Authors: Tushar D. Bhagat, Li Zhou, Lubomir Sokol, Rachel Kessel, Gisela Caceres, Krishna Gundabolu, Roni Tamari, Shanisha Gordon, Ioannis Mantzaris, Tomasz Jodlowski, Yiting Yu, Xiaohong Jing, Rahul Polineni, Kavi Bhatia, Andrea Pellagatti, Jacqueline Boultwood, Suman Kambhampati, Ulrich Steidl, Cy Stein, Wenjun Ju, Gang Liu, Paraic Kenny, Alan List, Markus Bitzer, Amit Verma
Journal: Blood (2013)
Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: J. P. H. Boileau
Journal: BMJ (1881)

THE BRITISh MEDICAL 7OURNAL.337 days to a week after the commencement of the medicine; in none did cardiac complications arise during the course of the treatment and, I think, the convalescence was more rapid than in cases I have seen treated by the salicylate of soda.In Case v, there was a slight relapse, probably owing to the medi-
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IN DIABETES MELLITUS IN RATS
Authors: Chue Shue Lee, S. Michael Mauer, David M. Brown, David E. R. Sutherland, Alfred F. Michael, John S. Najarian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Immunoglobulins and complement are deposited in the glomerular mesangium of rats with progressive glomerulosclerosis secondary to chemically induced diabetes mellitus. Isotransplantation of a kidney from a rat diabetic for 6 mo into a normal recipient results within 2 mo in the disappearance of IgG, IgM, and ß1C from the mesangium and arrest or reversal of the light microscopic glomerular lesions. Kidneys isotransplanted from normal donors into diabetic rats developed mesangial matrix thickening and deposition of IgG, IgM) and ß1C in the mesangium. No glomerular changes occur upon transplantation of a normal kidney into a normal rat. These findings indicate that diabetic glomerular changes in the rat are reversible and are secondary to the diabetic state rather than to the inducing agent.
Chronic kidney disease worsens sepsis and sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by releasing High Mobility Group Box Protein-1
Authors: Asada Leelahavanichkul, Yuning Huang, Xuzhen Hu, Hua Zhou, Takayuki Tsuji, Richard Chen, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Jürgen Schnermann, Peter S.T. Yuen, Robert A. Star
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Raised circulating levels of the eosinophil cationic protein in ankylosing spondylitis: relation with the inflammatory activity and the influence of sulphasalazine treatment.
Authors: N Feltelius, R Hallgren, P Venge
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The possibility of eosinophil involvement in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) was investigated by measuring serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a specific granule constituent of eosinophils. In a group of 48 patients with AS we found a threefold increase of the mean serum levels of ECP compared with a reference group (p less than 0.001). The blood eosinophil counts were similar in patients and controls. A correlation was found between ECP and inflammatory activity defined by erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum haptoglobin. Fifteen patients were studied before and after three months9 treatment with sulphasalazine (2-3 g/day). The ECP levels decreased in 13/15 and this paralleled reduction of the acute phase reaction and improvement of clinical parameters. The results point to eosinophil activation as part of the inflammatory process in AS. The signs of reduced eosinophil activation during sulphasalazine treatment suggest either a drug mediated, direct effect on eosinophils or an effect on the inflammatory mechanism stimulating eosinophils.
P2-16-08: Expander-Implant-Reconstruction – Aesthetic Outcome and Patients' Satisfaction in a 10-Year-Period.
Authors: PA Kern, F Zarth, K Rainer, A Scherag, R Mahdi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is gaining increasing significance avoiding the post-mastectomy-trauma and providing the patients with a normal body image after breast cancer survival. This study was conducted to investigate the patients’ characteristics and comorbidities in correlation with the surgical outcome of expander-implant-reconstruction after mastectomy. Patients’ satisfaction with the surgical result and self-perception as well as their partner interaction were also analyzed in their dependance of these patient-related data. Methods. In this large retrospective cohort study 258 women were enrolled with expander- and/or implant-reconstruction in a single-institution-setting of a 10-years-period (2000-2009). Patient's satisfaction with the result of surgery was evaluated by questionnaires and interviews and patient-related data were retrieved like BMI, smoking, pre-existing diseases and chemo- and radiotherapy, the differentiation between one-stage/two-stage reconstruction, immediate/delayed reconstruction, antibiotics and complications (secondary bleeding, pain, capsular contracture, implant rotation, etc.). Finally, the patients’ interaction with their partners and their adhaerence to their decision for reconstruction was investigated. For explorative statistical analyses we used standard univariate methods appropriately for the scale level of the variables (e.g. Fishers exact tests for n x m Tables or exact Wilcoxon Mann Whitney tests to compare two distributions) and applied a significance level a of 5% to each test. Results: BMI and patients’ satisfaction with the aesthetic result was inversely correlated (p=0,004) and a negative self-perception had a negative impact on interaction with the partner (p&amp;lt;0,001) after breast reconstruction. BMI was positively correlated with the loss of the implant (p=0,005). Further comorbidities led to worse patients’ satisfaction in rating of the aesthetic results. Conclusion: Patients characteristics like obesity and other comorbidites are associated with lower patients’ satisfaction with the surgical outcome after expander-implant-breast reconstruction. A decrease of satisfaction is detectable after expander-implant reconstruction within years compared to autologous reconstruction. These results should be taken into consideration for counselling of patients opting for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. This is to our knowledge the largest single-institution study evaluating the patients’ satisfaction with implant-reconstruction after breast cancer treatment and comparing the outcome with various patient characteristics giving a rationale for selection of the optimal reconstructive method. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-16-08.
Signalling between G-protein-coupled receptors and TASK1 channels
Authors: Kanigula Mubagwa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

This editorial refers to ‘Inhibition of the potassium channel TASK-1 in rat cardiac muscle by endothelin-1 is mediated by phospholipase C’ by J. Schiekel et al ., pp. 97–105, this issue. 

The superfamily of two pore-domain K+ (K2P) channels has a least 15 members,1 of which mainly TASK1 is expressed in cardiac myocytes. TASK1 gating is voltage independent, but the channel is acid sensitive, being activated by alkalotic conditions. Ion currents carried by TASK1 likely contribute to the cardiac action potential duration (APD), and pharmacological inhibition of TASK1 lengthens the APD2,3 while TASK1 knock-out animals display a long QT on the electrocardiogram.4,5 Interest in TASK1 channels has been mounting, because their activity in various cell types seems critical for several physiological processes while their changed expression and/or function may underlie many disease conditions. The channels are potential targets for diverse therapeutic actions, including antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, antiepileptic, and antidepressive treatments as well as analgesia and inhalation anaesthesia.6 Therefore, identifying the signalling pathways involved in their regulation is important. Newly available investigation tools, such as those used in the study of Schiekel et al. 7 published in the current issue of Cardiovascular Research , allow one to investigate the signalling pathways for the regulation of TASK1 in intact cells while monitoring cell membrane lipid metabolism.

A well-recognized regulation of TASK1 channels is their inhibition by receptors coupled to the G-protein Gp, which is linked to membrane phospholipid breakdown via the activation of phospholipase C (PLC). Neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (acting on α–adrenergic receptors), hormones such angiotensin or endothelin-1, and other agonists (e.g. platelet-activating factor, PAF) reduce TASK1 ion currents.1 The signalling pathway linking Gp activation to TASK1 inhibition has been a source of controversy, given variable and inconsistent results …
Regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange in the rabbit cortical collecting tubule.
Authors: I D Weiner, L L Hamm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Cl-/HCO3- exchange is present in all three cell types of the rabbit cortical collecting tubule, yet may mediate a different function in each cell type. The purpose of this study was to characterize further the location, function, and regulation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange in two cell types using measurements of intracellular pH (pHi). In the principal cell there was no evidence for apical Cl-/HCO3- exchange, including no change in pHi with increases in luminal HCO3-. The principal cell possesses a basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that is inactive normally but stimulated by intracellular alkalosis. Decreased PCO2 results in increased pHi associated with activation of Cl-/HCO3- exchange and partial recovery of pHi. In contrast, the beta-intercalated cell possesses an apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and alkalinizes with increases in luminal HCO3-. Also in contrast to the principal cell, the beta-intercalated cell apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger does not appear to be involved in pHi regulation and may be specifically modified for transcellular HCO3- transport. In conclusion, the separate Cl-/HCO3- exchangers in the principal cell and the beta-intercalated cell not only have opposite polarity but are regulated differently.
Prenatal and Neonatal HIV Testing
Authors: Conrad T. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Minkoff and Willoughby<sup>1</sup>made several excellent points in their Commentary, but then they seemed to contradict themselves within the same article. The article is a clear affirmation that the use of zidovudine in pregnancy provides an unquestioned benefit with "no significant morbidity." The prenatal use of zidovudine is severely impaired by current human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing policies. Consequently, more than half of HIV-infected children remain unidentified to their parents or physicians at the time of hospital discharge. The authors state that they cannot find a "rational justification" for unblinding the heelstick survey. I believe they contradict themselves by immediately providing at least two excellent reasons for doing so. First,<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis could be initiated earlier in the newborn.<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia is the most common opportunistic infection in pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Simonds et al<sup>2</sup>recently reported
Drug company pushes for all children under 2 to be vaccinated against pneumonia
Authors: L. Tite
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The pharmaceutical company Wyeth has launched a campaign to persuade the UK government to extend the use of its children's pneumococcal vaccine to all children under the age of 2. Currently, the Department of Health recommends it use only in children who are at risk because of chronic disease.

The move follows recent data published in the New England Journal of Medicine showing indications of an early success for the US paediatric pneumococcal immunisation programme (2003;348:1737-46). Figures compiled by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, …