tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Shortages and Public Health
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Because the public discussion of drugs is dominated by considerations of their safety, effectiveness, and cost, it is easy to forget that medications have to be manufactured from raw materials before they can be prescribed. The continuing shortages of two medications for enzyme-deficiency disorders and of technetium-99m, the radioactive isotope most commonly used in cardiac studies, bone scans, and other diagnostic procedures in nuclear medicine, provide a salient reminder that adequate drug supplies cannot be taken for granted. The viral contamination of a Genzyme manufacturing plant in Massachusetts, detected in June 2009, caused an unexpected shortage of imiglucerase (Cerezyme), for . . .
Building a Diverse Physician Workforce
Authors: Jordan J. Cohen, Ann Steinecke
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
North Carolina's Maternal Health Campaign Ignores Smoking, Maternal Health Advocates Fume
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A NUMBER of maternal and child health advocates say they are outraged over educational materials put out by North Carolina's campaign to reduce infant mortality. These critics say that, while the brochures and posters warn women about alcohol, illicit drugs, and other dangers to a healthy pregnancy, warnings about the hazards of smoking are conspicuously absent. The educational material was produced by North Carolina's Drug Cabinet and the state's "First Step" Campaign, a coalition of state agencies and private groups working to reduce North Carolina's very high infant mortality rate. According to critics, the chair of the Drug Cabinet, North Carolina's lieutenant governor, James C. Gardner, is responsible for the omission. However, the lieutenant governor denies that so-called tobacco politics has anything to do with the decision not to include information about the fetal and maternal health effects of smoking. He insists that the brochures and posters were meant to
Reduction in Hexokinase II Levels Results in Decreased Cardiac Function and Altered Remodeling After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Rongxue Wu, Kirsten M. Smeele, Eugene Wyatt, Yoshihiko Ichikawa, Otto Eerbeek, Lin Sun, Kusum Chawla, Markus W. Hollmann, Varun Nagpal, Sami Heikkinen, Markku Laakso, Kentaro Jujo, J. Andrew Wasserstrom, Coert J. Zuurbier, Hossein Ardehali
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Rationale: Cardiomyocytes switch substrate utilization from fatty acid to glucose under ischemic conditions; however, it is unknown how perturbations in glycolytic enzymes affect cardiac response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Hexokinase (HK)II is a HK isoform that is expressed in the heart and can bind to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Objective: We sought to define how HKII and its binding to mitochondria play a role in cardiac response and remodeling after I/R. Methods and Results: We first showed that HKII levels and its binding to mitochondria are reduced 2 days after I/R. We then subjected the hearts of wild-type and heterozygote HKII knockout (HKII +/− ) mice to I/R by coronary ligation. At baseline, HKII +/− mice have normal cardiac function; however, they display lower systolic function after I/R compared to wild-type animals. The mechanism appears to be through an increase in cardiomyocyte death and fibrosis and a reduction in angiogenesis; the latter is through a decrease in hypoxia-inducible factor–dependent pathway signaling in cardiomyocytes. HKII mitochondrial binding is also critical for cardiomyocyte survival, because its displacement in tissue culture with a synthetic peptide increases cell death. Our results also suggest that HKII may be important for the remodeling of the viable cardiac tissue because its modulation in vitro alters cellular energy levels, O 2 consumption, and contractility. Conclusions: These results suggest that reduction in HKII levels causes altered remodeling of the heart in I/R by increasing cell death and fibrosis and reducing angiogenesis and that mitochondrial binding is needed for protection of cardiomyocytes.
Prognostic Indicators of Life-Threatening Malaria Are Associated with Distinct Parasite Variant Antigen Profiles
Authors: George M. Warimwe, Gregory Fegan, Jennifer N. Musyoki, Charles R. J. C. Newton, Michael Opiyo, George Githinji, Cheryl Andisi, Francis Menza, Barnes Kitsao, Kevin Marsh, Peter C. Bull
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2012)

Two key clinical indicators of life-threatening malaria in African children may be associated with differential expression of parasite surface antigens on infected erythrocytes.
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: William C. Alford
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Under the capable direction of Dr William W. L. Glenn, the 1953 Lindskog and Liebow<i>Textbook of Thoracic Surgery</i>has undergone a complete transformation in its newest revision. The format is essentially all new, with 114 chapters written by 157 contributing authors. Most of these contributors are new to this text and include recognized authorities in the fields of surgery, thoracic surgery, and medicine, as well as notable experts from related fields. The book is organized into three main sections of comparable emphasis: "General Thoracic Surgery," "Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease," and "Surgery for Acquired Heart Disease." Each section presents general information on anatomy, physiology, operative techniques, and postoperative care, with special emphasis on the more common conditions amenable to surgical therapy. Dr Glenn is to be congratulated for organizing this large body of information into such a workable format, which is both complete and easy to follow. Most new
Genetic Testing and Primary Care
Authors: Shawn E. Lipinski
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic diagnosis of follicular lymphoma with small-bowel involvement using video capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy: a case series
Authors: M. Nakamura, N. Ohmiya, Y. Hirooka, R. Miyahara, T. Ando, O. Watanabe, A. Itoh, H. Kawashima, E. Ohno, T. Kinoshita, H. Goto
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The aims of this study were to compare the detection rates of gastrointestinal follicular lymphoma lesions by video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE), and to determine the pathologic diagnostic yields of DBE-directed biopsies. A total of 27 consecutive patients were enrolled. No significant difference in detection rates was observed in 12 patients who underwent total enteroscopy at both VCE and DBE. Pathologic diagnostic yields stratified by location were 91 % in the proximal duodenum at esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 88 % in the jejunum at antegrade DBE, 52 % in the ileum at retrograde DBE, and 57 % in the terminal ileum at colonoscopy. VCE and DBE were helpful in determining treatment in 44 % of patients.
Phenomenon of human T cells rosetting with sheep erythrocytes analyzed with monoclonal antibodies. "Modulation" of a partially hidden epitope determining the conditions of interaction between T cells and erythrocytes
Authors: A Bernard, C Gelin, B Raynal, D Pham, C Gosse, L Boumsell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Anti-D66 is a monoclonal antibody able to inhibit E-rosette formation of T cells both at 4 degrees C and at 37 degree C but that does not inhibit T cell rosette formation with neuraminidase or 2-amino-ethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-pretreated E. As demonstrated by capping experiments, it defines an epitope, D66, that is directly involved in E-rosette formation. D66 is distinct from the epitope defined by 9.6 because 9.6, a previously defined "pan-T" monoclonal antibody, inhibits E(AET) rosette formation and because no cross-blocking occurred between both antibodies fixation. However, 9.6 and D66 are carried by the same molecule, as demonstrated by sequential immunoprecipitation assays performed on two different T cell lines. On the thymocyte surface, also, 9.6 and D66 are most probably carried by the same molecule, as indicated by cocapping and colysostripping experiments. D66 is present at higher densities on thymocytes and activated T cells than on peripheral blood T cells. Investigation of numerous T cell populations, both normal and malignant, showed a straightforward correlation between elevated D66 density and ability to form 37 degrees C stable E-rosettes. Neuraminidase treatment of thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes forming E-rosettes unmasked a large fraction of D66 not readily accessible on their surface. These hidden D66 epitopes appear to be responsible for a surprising observation: the ability of anti-D66 to inhibit E-rosette formation could be totally reversed by fixation on anti-D66 of an antibody to mouse immunoglobulin or an Fab fragment anti-mouse immunoglobulin. This would induce microdisplacement with emergence of hidden D66, as documented by fluorometric studies. Finally, malignant T cells with a differentiative status of mature T cells, but forming no (or low numbers of) E-rosettes, could be induced both to display D66 and to form E-rosettes by neuraminidase treatment.
What Makes Cilia and Sperm Tails Beat?
Authors: Don W. Fawcett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Since Leeuwenhoek's account of the swimming movements of spermatozoa (1677) and the description of ciliated epithelia by Purkinje and Valentin,1 biologists have been intrigued by the mechanism of motility of cilia and flagella. Internal structure could not ordinarily be resolved by the light microscope in these minute cell processes, but Jensen2 and Ballowitz3 suggested a fibrillar internal organization from chance observation of an apparent fraying of tips of occasional sperm tails and cilia damaged in preparation. More than half a century passed before introduction of the electron microscope made it possible to verify their impressions. Manton,4 examining dissociated flagella of . . .
Significance of the QX/QT Ratio and the QT Ratio (QTr) in the Exercise Electrocardiogram
Authors: LAURIAN ROMAN, SAMUEL BELLET
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Recently, a junctional depression of small amplitude (less than 2 mm.) of the ST segment was considered to be a positive or equivocal result for the electrocardiographic exercise test if the QX/QT ratio was ⪖ 50 per cent or the QTr ⪖ 1.08. In 150 normal, young students with no clinical evidence of heart disease, a junctional depression of the ST segment with a QX/QT ratio ⪖ 50 per cent or a QTr ⪖ 1.08 or both, was observed in 22 per cent. These observations, supported by other published reports concerning the QX/QT ratio and the QTr, indicate that these criteria are not reliable for the determination of a positive electrocardiographic exercise test.
The Psychosomatic Specificity Hypothesis for the Etiology of Peptic Ulcer
Authors: J.J. Groen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1971)

The author reaches the conclusion that the psychosomatic specificity hypothesis for the etiology of peptic ulcer, which was based on physiological, clinical, psycho-analytical and biographical data, has been shown to be compatible with the results of later physiological, behavioral, epidemiological and sociological observations. There have, however, been too few studies in which predictions derived from the hypothesis were systematically tested by apropriate validated methods. As a result the hypothesis still stands more or less at the same degree of probability as when it was formulated. The author indicates how more direct ways of testing would be possible by animal, clinical-investigative, epidemiological, and psycho-therapeutic studies.
Recent Experiences in the Treatment of Gonorrhoea in the Male
Authors: R. M. B. MacKenna
Journal: BMJ (1941)

These points require fuLrther investigation, and it is now necessary to undertake experiments on a large scale, to determine whether a continuance of all available methods of dust-laying will result in a significant reduction of the incidence of cross-inifectionis in hospital wvards. SummaryAttention is drawn to the very large numbers of streptococci which may accumulate in the dust and in the bedclothes of hospital wards.It is slhown that many of these organisms are projected into the air every time a bed is made or in any way disturbed, an(l it is suggested that these represent a very real danger.The treatment of bedclothes with liquid paraffin, while not visibly affecting them, causes a 950, reduction in the number of organisms distributed into the air during bed-making.It is suggested that this method of dust-laying, combined with the use of spindle oil on floors, may assist in reducing the incidence of cross-infections in hospital wvards..
TCT-750 Can the Rate of Acute Stent Thrombosis with Bivalirudin Anticoagulation During Primary PCI in STEMI be Reduced with Modified Pharmacologic Regimens?
Authors: Andreas Baumbach, Harold Dauerman, Bernardo Cortese, Martial Hamon, Jayne Prats, Efthymios Deliargyris, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Vitiligo and Multiple Glandular Insufficiencies
Authors: Manuel M. Villaverde
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The paper on "Vitiligo and Multiple Glandular Insufficiencies," by McGregor, Katz, and Doe, calls attention to the association of vitiligo with many other pathological conditions (<b>219</b>:724, 1972). In 1954, I published the first of a series: "Combinación sindrómica diabetes-vitiligo" (Diabetes-vitiligo Syndromic Combination),<sup>1</sup>emphasizing a possible hypophyso-hypothalamic inductive mechanism since the clinical manifestations of the patients were manifold. Together with diabetes and vitiligo there were found cases with goiter, obesity, prostatic adenoma, hypertension, myxedematous heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and several others. Lately, following Dawber's report on the increased incidence of vitiligo among diabetic patients, a new paper was published in England to make these facts known to the American physicians,<sup>2</sup>which McGregor et al did not see. This is a totally new clinical problem involving a mechanism which may also induce other clinical associations.
UNAIDS Report: AIDS Epidemic Slowing, But Huge Challenges Remain
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

AIDS PREVENTION AND TREATment efforts are helping to slow the spread of HIV in some countries. But millions of new infections still occur each year and only a tiny fraction of the millions who are infected are receiving treatment, according to a report by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). An estimated 38.6 million individuals are currently living with HIV. Comprehensive data from the report show some progress in dealing with the pandemic has been made since 2001, when 189 countries signed the Declaration of Commitment, which outlined HIV prevention and treatment goals aimed at stopping and beginning to reverse the AIDS epidemic by 2015. But many countries are falling short and the epidemic continues to grow, particularly in Asia. The report (http://www.unaids.org /en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default .asp) was released on May 30, the day before world leaders gathered in New York City for 3 days to review progress and discuss new goals at the United Nations General Assembly High Level Meeting on AIDS.
Why Search and Research?
Authors: Chauncey D. Leake
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This discussion of why we should and do search and research may appear circuitous, but it is planned. Considering first the neurochemical factors underlying the urge to search, which contribute to the physiological basis of satisfaction, it will then survey the significance of purposes and goals and how verifiable knowledge makes long-range individual and social satisfactions possible. After a brief view of the interrelations of the sciences and the humanities, we may proceed to examine the changing goals of the health endeavor. With these perspectives of the organizational levels of living material and their importance, we can comment on the great potential the Institute for Biomedical Research holds for the American Medical Association, its members, and perhaps for all mankind. Quite an intellectual journey, it is true, but, with tolerance for lack of detail, perhaps a painless and rewarding one. <h3>Neurochemical Factors in Search and Satisfaction</h3> "Why research?" is a
A quantitative evaluation of aortic regurgitation after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Robin P. Martin, Jose A. Ettedgui, Shakeel A. Qureshi, John L. Gibbs, Edward J. Baker, Rosemary Radley-Smith, Michael N. Maisey, Michael Tynan, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Many states lagging in efforts to curb prescription drug misuse, says report
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Many states have been slow to implement programs and policies that can help curb an ongoing epidemic of prescription drug misuse in the United States, a new report has said.1

The report was prepared by Trust for America’s Health, a non-profit, non-partisan group based in Washington, DC that focuses on disease prevention.

Sales of prescription painkillers in the US quadrupled from 1999 to 2010, as has the number of prescription drug overdoses, which now cause more than 16 000 deaths a year, more than those due to heroin and cocaine combined, the report noted.

It found that prescription overdose rates vary widely across the country. Appalachia and the Southwest had the highest prescription drug overdose death rates, and the Midwestern states the lowest. West Virginia had an overdose death rate of 28.9 per 100 000 people, up 605% from 1999 and the highest in the nation, while North Dakota had the lowest rate of 3.4 per 100 000.

From 1999 to 2010, overdose death rates quadrupled in four states (Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, and West Virginia), tripled in 10 states, and doubled in 29 more, the report said. The mean rate among all the states was 13 per 100 000 in 2010, double the average rate of six per 100 000 seen in 1999.

As …
Abstract 2425: Exploiting DNA repair defects in breast cancer
Authors: Kishan A.T. Naipal, Nicole S. Verkaik, Petra ter Brugge, Najim Ameziane, Carolien H.M. van Deurzen, John W. Martens, Johan P. de Winter, Jos Jonkers, Maaike P. Vreeswijk, Agnes Jager, Jan Hoeijmakers, Roland Kanaar, Dik C. van Gent
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract One of the hallmarks of cancer is genetic instability. Many chemotherapeutic strategies make use of DNA damaging agents, that preferentially target dividing cells. Recently, DNA repair defects have been identified in many different types of tumors, suggesting that the effectiveness of such treatments may be modulated by the precise genetic make-up of the tumor; defects in specific DNA repair pathways can be used as the Achilles' Heel of the tumor. An important new concept is synthetic lethality, the observation that combinations of mutations can be lethal, while both single mutations are viable. In selected tumors, the specific DNA repair defect can be targeted in such a way that the tumor cells can be killed without causing severe side effect on normal tissues. The combination of PARP inhibitors and homologous recombination (HR) deficient hereditary breast cancer is on its way to the clinic and more combinations are currently in the preclinical phase. Selection of breast cancer patients for targeted treatment with PARP inhibitors requires a validated test to identify HR deficient tumors. For this purpose, we have assessed ionizing radiation induced RAD51 foci (IRIF) after ex vivo irradiation of individual breast tumor slices as a marker for HR defects. We validated this approach in known HR- deficient tumors, where we found a severe defect in RAD51 IRIF formation. Subsequently, we used this assay to identify a subgroup of HR deficient primary breast cancers. Out of 42 tumors, we found five HR deficient breast cancers, caused by two distinct modes of BRCA gene inactivation, mutations and promoter hypermethylation. HR deficiency was significantly associated with high grade, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). A large fraction of TNBC showed HR defects, suggesting that PARP inhibitors may be particularly promising for this group of tumors that currently have a poor prognosis. We conclude that the RAD51 IRIF assay is a powerful tool to select patients with HR-deficient primary breast cancers eligible for PARP-inhibitor treatment in the clinic. These approaches may change cancer medicine in a fundamental way, from a one-size-fits-all concept to an individualized treatment strategy based on the functional molecular make-up of the tumor for each patient. Citation Format: Kishan A.T. Naipal, Nicole S. Verkaik, Petra ter Brugge, Najim Ameziane, Carolien H.M. van Deurzen, John W. Martens, Johan P. de Winter, Jos Jonkers, Maaike P. Vreeswijk, Agnes Jager, Jan Hoeijmakers, Roland Kanaar, Dik C. van Gent. Exploiting DNA repair defects in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2425