tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Pain Relief in Older Adults: An Evidence-Based Approach
Authors: Jeffrey H. Silverstein
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Optimal Timing of Cataract Surgery and Panretinal Photocoagulation for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Chikako Suto, Shigehiko Kitano, Sadao Hori
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) concluded that panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) should be performed before cataract surgery in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (1). It is also preferable to perform focal photocoagulation for macular edema before PRP (2). Recently, adoption of minimally invasive cataract surgery has reduced the postoperative progression of retinopathy (3). Patients in the ETDRS (1) were enrolled in the 1980s, however, and the surgical procedures included intracapsular and extracapsular cataract extraction; thus, there was a major difference in surgical invasiveness compared with the small-incision phacoemulsification cataract surgery currently performed. Accordingly, it was necessary to review the optimum timing of PRP (4). Therefore, we conducted this hospital-based retrospective cohort study on the timing …
Comparative Effectiveness of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Conventional Conformal Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Gregg H. Goldin, Nathan C. Sheets, Anne-Marie Meyer, Tzy-Mey Kuo, Yang Wu, Til Stürmer, Paul A. Godley, William R. Carpenter, Ronald C. Chen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Comparative effectiveness research of prostate cancer therapies is needed because of the development and rapid clinical adoption of newer and costlier treatments without proven clinical benefit. Radiotherapy is indicated after prostatectomy in select patients who have adverse pathologic features and in those with recurrent disease.To examine the patterns of use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), a newer, more expensive technology that may reduce radiation dose to adjacent organs compared with the older conformal radiotherapy (CRT) in the postprostatectomy setting, and to compare disease control and morbidity outcomes of these treatments.Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare-linked database were used to identify patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer who had received radiotherapy within 3 years after prostatectomy.Patients who received IMRT or CRT.The outcomes of 457 IMRT and 557 CRT patients who received radiotherapy between 2002 and 2007 were compared using their claims through 2009. We used propensity score methods to balance baseline characteristics and estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% CIs for measured outcomes.Use of IMRT increased from zero in 2000 to 82.1% in 2009. Men who received IMRT vs CRT showed no significant difference in rates of long-term gastrointestinal morbidity (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.66-1.37), urinary nonincontinent morbidity (0.93; 0.66-1.33), urinary incontinence (0.98; 0.71-1.35), or erectile dysfunction (0.85; 0.61-1.19). There was no significant difference in subsequent treatment for recurrent disease (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.90-1.92).Postprostatectomy IMRT and CRT achieved similar morbidity and cancer control outcomes. The potential clinical benefit of IMRT in this setting is unclear. Given that IMRT is more expensive, its use for postprostatectomy radiotherapy may not be cost-effective compared with CRT, although formal analysis is needed.
THE EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON THE SERUM LIPIDS AND ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL CHOLESTEROL ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Dina Gordon, Sidney D. Kobernick, Gardner C. McMillan, G. Lyman Duff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

An experiment was performed to determine the effect of cortisone on the serum lipids and on the development of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Litter mate rabbits of the same sex were employed; both sexes were represented in the experiment. The report is based upon four experimental groups comprising (1) 12 rabbits fed cholesterol and treated with cortisone vehicle; (2) 12 rabbits fed cholesterol and treated daily with cortisone; (3) 11 rabbits treated with cortisone; and (4) 7 rabbits that received cortisone vehicle. It was observed that: (1) There was less aortic atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed cortisone-treated rabbits as judged by both morphological and chemical means than in the rabbits fed cholesterol without cortisone treatment. (2) Cortisone depressed appreciably the hypercholesterolemia resulting from the feeding of cholesterol to rabbits. (3) Cortisone treatment caused a moderate hypercholesterolemia in normal rabbits. (4) Cortisone caused a moderate increase in serum lipid phosphorus equal to that produced by cholesterol feeding alone. (5) The combination of cholesterol feeding and cortisone did not result in a higher phospholipidemia than either one of these agents alone. (6) Cortisone caused a great increase in serum-neutral fat; it was not apparent whether cholesterol feeding affected the neutral fat lipemia due to cortisone treatment alone. (7) The total cholesterol to lipid phosphorus ratio was about normal in the rabbits that received cortisone only. It was doubled in the animals receiving both cholesterol and cortisone, and it was increased about four times in those that received only cholesterol. The significance of the alterations in the serum lipids induced by cortisone is discussed in relation to the inhibition of the development of aortic atherosclerosis that occurred in the cholesterol-fed rabbits treated with cortisone.
Sensitization to sunflower pollen and lung functions in sunflower processing workers
Authors: S. Atis, B. Tutluoglu, K. Sahin, M. Yaman, A.R. Kucukusta, I. Oktay
Journal: Allergy (2002)

This study aimed to investigate whether exposure to sunflower pollen (Helianthus annuus) increases both sensitization and respiratory symptoms, and whether or not it affects lung functions in sunflower processing workers.The largest sunflower processing factories in the Thrace region of Turkey participated in this study. Workers from the units directly exposed to sunflower seed enrolled as the study group (n = 102) and workers who were not directly exposed to Helianthus annuus pollen (n = 102) were the control group. Detailed questionnaires covering respiratory and allergic symptoms were completed, and skin prick tests and lung function tests were performed.We found a very high rate (23.5%) of sensitization to Helianthus annuus in the study group compared to the controls (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of sensitization to H. annuus was increased 4.7-fold (odds ratio = 4.17, 95%) confidence interval = 1.3-16.7) if subjects were exposed to sunflower pollen in the workplace. While asthmatic symptoms and allergic skin diseases were not different between the two groups, workers in the study group had a higher rate of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (P<0.05). We found that pulmonary function was significantly impaired in the study group (P<0.01). Using a multivariate analysis model, inclusion in the study group was found to be a predictive factor for impairment of lung function (P=0.002).We conclude that sunflower pollen has high allergenic potential, especially when there is close contact, and exposure to sunflower pollen in the workplace can result in impairment in lung function.
Suicidology: Contemporary Developments
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The field of suicidology is relatively new as an organized discipline, dating back to the 1960s, although efforts at suicide prevention on a community and voluntary basis are to be found in the 19th century. To provide a perspective on changes in the field, the volume presents a relevant quotation from earlier important professional or artistic work, to introduce current commentary on some aspect of suicidology. For example, we are given the article on "Suicide" from the<i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>of 1910 to 1911 along with that of 1973. The most interesting contemporary development concerns the efforts at suicide prevention, so much in the forefront in the past decade or more. Detailed statistics of suicide in the United States make it evident that there has been no appreciable reduction in the incidence, despite considerable expenditure of effort and money. By contrast, the results in Great Britain from the efforts of the
Simulation of lung tissue properties in age and irreversible obstructive syndromes using an aldehyde.
Authors: T Sugihara, C J Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Weak solutions of CHOH alter tissue properties, probably by forming intermolecular cross-linkages. The maximum length (Lmax) to which alveolar wall can be extended is reduced. If exposed to CHOH while extended, the resting length (LO) of alveolar wall increases. Maximum extensibility (Lambdamax equal to Lmax/LO) decreases. Similar changes are found in the alveolar wall of man with aging and are significantly more marked in patients with irreversible obstructive pulmonary syndromes. A reduction in the energy loss of the length-tension cycle (hysteresis) was seen after exposure to CHOH, however, that does not occur with age or in obstructive syndromes. Because an exposure of alveolar wall to elastase increases LO and hysteresis, we used a staged exposure to CHOH followed by elastase. Tissue suitably prepared by exposure to CHOH followed by elastolysis better simulates the tissue changes of age and irreversible obstructive syndromes.
lndium-111 Leukocyte Uptake in a Case of Metastatic Tumor
Authors: KEVIN E. McCARTHY, MICHAEL G. VELCHIK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Indium-labeled WBCs have been used in many institutions to study the presence or absence of bony infections as well as other infections. Indium is known to localize within infections, and has been reported to have increased uptake in metastatic tumors. A woman with known lung cancer had radiographic and scintigraphic evidence of a metastatic deposit in her right acetabulum that was photopenic on the indium scan. This unusual finding may have been the result of marrow replacement by the tumor, with a resultant inability of the ln-111 labeled WBCs to distribute in that location.
Attenuation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) promotes apoptosis of kidney epithelial cells: a potential mechanism of mercury-induced nephrotoxicity.
Authors: James S Woods, Francisco J Dieguez-Acuña, Maureen E Ellis, John Kushleika, P Lynne Simmonds
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), a pleiotropic transcriptional factor that promotes cell survival and protects cells from apoptosis, requires reduced thiols at critical steps in its activation pathway. Mercuric ion (Hg(2+)), one of the strongest thiol-binding agents known, impairs NF-kappaB activation and transcriptional activity in normal rat kidney epithelial (NRK52E) cells at concentrations as low as 0.5 microM by binding to specific reduced thiol moieties in the NF-kappaB activation pathway. We hypothesized that prevention of NF-kappaB activation by Hg(2+) will increase the sensitivity of kidney cells to the apoptosis-inducing effects of other toxicants to which these cells are otherwise resistant by virtue of their NF-kappaB-activating capacity. Fewer than 5% of untreated kidney cells in culture (70-90% confluent) were found to be apoptotic when evaluated by DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) or flow cytometric DNA profile analyses. Hg(2+) (5 microM) treatment for 24 hr increased this proportion by 1.5- to 2-fold. Neither lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 microg/mL) nor tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 300 U/mL), both potent activators of NF-kappaB in kidney cells, significantly altered the proportion of apoptotic cells, compared with untreated controls, when applied without Hg(2+) pretreatment. However, when LPS or TNF-alpha was administered after Hg(2+) pretreatment (5 microM for 30 min), the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis 22 hr later increased by 4- to 6-fold compared with untreated controls. In contrast, Hg(2+) pretreatment did not increase the amount of apoptosis caused by apoptosis-inducing agents that do not activate NF-kappaB (staurosporine, Fas ligand). These findings suggest that Hg(2+) enhances the sensitivity of kidney cells to apoptotic stimuli as a consequence of inhibition of NF-kappaB activity. Because apoptosis is known to play a key role in the pathogenesis of renal failure resulting from toxicant injury to proximal tubular cells, promotion of apoptosis via inhibition of NF-kappaB activity may define a novel molecular mechanism by which Hg(2+) toxicity is initiated in kidney cells.
RARα2 expression is associated with disease progression and plays a crucial role in efficacy of ATRA treatment in myeloma
Authors: Siqing Wang, Guido Tricot, Lei Shi, Wei Xiong, Zhaoyang Zeng, Hongwei Xu, Maurizio Zangari, Bart Barlogie, John D. Shaughnessy, Fenghuang Zhan
Journal: Blood (2009)
Epidemiology and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Paul A. Volberding
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has repeatedly highlighted the many contributions of epidemiologic research to our understanding of the disease process. For example, substantial differences in clinical manifestations between HIV-infected subgroups may indicate a correlation between host response and disease pathogenesis. Kaposi's See also p 1631. sarcoma, as one case in point, is speculated to be caused by a second sexually transmitted agent primarily because of the unique concentration of this opportunistic malignancy in homosexual men. On the other hand, HIV-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs with similar frequency in all subgroups and so is considered to arise as a more direct consequence of HIV infection. Clearly, epidemiologic observations can assist us in directing our search into the pathogenesis of these diseases. Epidemiologic findings also have clinical implications. The critically important use of infection prophylaxis relies on data from cohort studies that allow us to predict the risk of specific opportunistic
CLINICAL TRIAL OF DESIPRAMINE IN THE TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION
Authors: THAD J. BARRINGER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Thirty severely depressed patients received daily oral doses of 75 or 100 mg. desipramine, a metabolite of imipramine. Duration of therapy averaged 3 to 4 months and dosage was decreased gradually according to individual progress. Tranquilizers were used as required to control anxiety, insomnia or agitation, and psychotherapy was given at the level indicated. Most patients had a history of several depressive episodes, hospitalizations, ECT, or poor response to numerous other drugs. In 24 patients (80%) desipramine produced a satisfactory clinical response. The new drug exerted a faster onset of action (usually 2 to 7 days) and fewer, milder side effects compared to previous use of imipramine.
Watch diet and exercise more to prevent overweight, NICE advises public
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Everyone should be encouraged to be more physically active, spend less time in front of the television, and reduce their consumption of energy dense foods, takeaways, and sugar sweetened drinks, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has said in draft guidance.1

The advice also encourages the public to follow a “Mediterranean diet” that is based on high proportions of vegetables, fruits, beans and pulses, wholegrains, and fish and that uses olive oil instead of other fats. It aims to help children and adults maintain a healthy weight or prevent …
Hallucinating objects versus hallucinating subjects
Authors: Alexei V. Samsonovich
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Collerton et al. propose that one and the same mechanism (PAD) underlies recurrent complex visual hallucinations (RCVH) in various disorders, including schizophrenia, dementia, and eye disease. The present commentary offers an alternative account of RCVH and other recurrent complex hallucinations specific to schizophrenia and related disorders only. The proposed account is consistent with the bias of schizophrenic RCVH contents toward animate, socially active entities.
Legionnaires' Disease: One Person's Perspective
Authors: JAY P. SANFORD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Since July 1976 when an outbreak of severe, acute respiratory disease of unknown origin occurred among attendees at the 58th Annual Convention of the American Legion in Philadelphia, great progress has been made, including identification of the causative organism, Legionella pneumophila. Clinical features include not only respiratory involvement but often abdominal complaints, encephalopathy, renal disease, and rhabdomyolysis. Erythromycin appears to be an effective antimicrobial agent. Epidemiologic studies have defined epidemics as well as sporadic cases. Legionella pneumophila has appeared as an opportunistic pathogen. Organisms have been isolated from air-handling equipment and evaporative condensers in four instances. At present diagnosis usually is based on the demonstration of a fourfold rise in antibody titer between serum specimens obtained 3 to 6 weeks apart. Recent data suggest that organisms may be shown in tracheal secretions using a direct fluorescent antibody procedure and that antigen may be shown in urine using the microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF THE PENICILLIN ANTIGEN
Authors: Bernard B. Levine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Seven highly purified degradation products of penicillin G (PG) were examined with regard to their ability to cross-react allergically with PG. Guinea pig allergic contact dermatitis was employed as the test system. Three of these degradation products, D-benzylpenicillenic acid (BPE), D-penicillamine, and D-alpha-benzylpenicilloic acid were found to cross-react with PG and also to be capable of inducing delayed contact allergy in the guinea pig. BPE and PG cross-reacted with particularly intense reactions, and other immunologic experiments indicated that PG and BPE introduce identical allergic determinant groups into epidermal proteins. These experimental results were correlated with the results of previous studies concerning the degradation pathways of PG under physiological conditions in vitro, and the chemical reactivities of these degradation products. Based on these immunologic and chemical data, a schema is proposed which suggests the chemical pathways by which PG may react with epidermal proteins in vivo to form the penicillin antigen. The identity of the specific antigenic determinant groups of the penicillin antigen is suggested. The relationship between PG allergy of the contact dermatitis type in the guinea pig and PG allergy of the immediate type in man is discussed.
Aerosolized Dornase Alfa (rhDNase) for Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Margaret E. Hodson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The major causes of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) are the obstruction and damaged airways that result from the accumulation of viscid and infected secretions. Dornase alfa, also called recombinant human DNase I (rhDNase), cleaves extracellular DNA, which is present in inordinately high concentrations in purulent CF airway secretions. Dornase alfa has been found to increase the pourability and reduce the viscoelasticity of CF sputum in vitro and, in an animal model, to increase its mucociliary transportability. Short-term (10-day) Phase I and II clinical trials showed dornase alfa to be safe and effective in improving pulmonary function in clinically stable CF patients with mild to moderate pulmonary disease (FVC ≥ 40% of predicted value). A long-term (24-week) Phase IIB clinical trial demonstrated the importance of administering dornase alfa daily to maintain its efficacy. A large-scale, long-term, Phase III clinical trial, consisting of a 24-week double-blind period and a 24-week open-label extension, confirmed these findings and further demonstrated that dornase alfa reduces the incidence of respiratory tract infectious exacerbations requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy. Dornase alfa also decreased the rate of hospitalizations, the number of days missed from work or school, and the frequency of CF-related symptoms. Adverse events were limited to upper airway irritation (i.e., voice alteration, laryngitis, pharyngitis), rash, chest pain, and conjunctivitis. These manifestations generally were mild and transient, and they did not limit the use of dornase alfa. A small proportion (2 to 4%) of patients developed serum antibodies to dornase alfa, but no patient developed anaphylaxis. Dornase alfa is an important addition to standard therapy for CF.
Epidermal cell culture systems in skin pharmacology
Authors: M. PRUNIERAS, C. DELESCLUSE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Epidermal cell culture systems in skin pharmacology Get access M. PRUNIERAS, M. PRUNIERAS Centre Imernational de Recherches Dermatologiques (C. I. R. D.) Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. DELESCLUSE C. DELESCLUSE Centre Imernational de Recherches Dermatologiques (C. I. R. D.) Sophia Antipolis, 06565 Valbonne, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s27, 1 July 1984, Pages 43–57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb15581.x Published: 01 July 1984
Anxiety State after "Sex Education"
Authors: L. F. W. Eickhoff
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Summing up, therefore, I would suggest that the connexion between the "pill" and phlebitis, such as it is, is a purely mechanical one, and that the re-examination of the statistical material will show that the women on the " pill " who develop phlebitis are those who have varicose veins and are taking a "pill " with too high an oestrogen content.-I am, etc., London N.W.1.