tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia after Organ Transplantation
Authors: Kenneth A. West, David R. Anderson, Vivian C. McAlister, Thomas J.C. Hewlett, Philip Belitsky, James W. Smith, John G. Kelton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Transplanted organs, particularly livers and kidneys, carry passenger lymphocytes that can transmit autoimmune diseases1 or initiate alloimmune disorders2 in the recipient. We recently treated three unrelated patients who each received an organ (two kidneys and a liver) from the same donor. In all three patients severe alloimmune thrombocytopenia developed as a result of antibodies against the HPA-1a (PLA1) alloantigen. In these three patients the thrombocytopenia was refractory to all medical maneuvers except the transfusion of HPA-1a–negative platelets. In one patient the thrombocytopenia contributed to death. In another, the thrombocytopenia was cured by splenectomy, and in the third patient the . . .
Can Training Improve Allergists' Ability To Accurately Identify Anxiety In Children With Food Allergy?
Authors: Melissa Rubes, Anna Podolsky, Nicole Caso, Rachel Annunziato, Amanda L. Cox, Jennifer S. Kim, Anna H. Nowak-Wegrzyn, Julie Wang, Scott H. Sicherer, Eyal Shemesh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Platelet induced aggravation of acute ischaemia in an isolated rabbit heart model
Authors: R ROSEN, W DAUSCH, E BECK, W KLAUS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

In isolated coronary ligated rabbit hearts the effects of washed human platelets on the size of the epicardial ischaemic area and on recovery from ischaemia during 60 min of reperfusion was evaluated by endogenous NADH-surface-fluorescence photography. Infusion of washed human platelets to non-ischaemic control hearts produced a decrease in left ventricular pressure to 64(3)% of control (n = 4), no change in global coronary flow rate, no retention of platelets (recovery 108(9)%), and no alteration in basal NADH-fluorescence. When platelets were infused into coronary ligated hearts, however, the size of the epicardial ischaemic area was significantly enhanced to 127(8)% (n = 5) of control. Moreover, this increase in size was negatively correlated with the recovery of platelets in the coronary effluent: the lower the recovery rate the larger the ischaemic area (y = 253-1.44x, r = -0.855, n = 15, p less than 0.001). When platelet infusion was stopped after 30 min the enlargement of the ischaemic area seemed to be reversible. When the coronary ligature was released, however, and the ischaemic myocardium reperfused the recovery from ischaemia was retarded in the platelet treated hearts as shown by functional (left ventricular pressure and flow) and metabolic (NADH-fluorescence) indices. Thus it is directly shown for the first time in an isolated in vitro heart preparation that platelets aggravate myocardial ischaemia.
What lies beneath this World Cup frenzy
Authors: D. Barr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

When is a disaster not a disaster? In the male medical ward of this ex-mission hospital 400 km north and inland of Durban—right in the heart of Zululand—the answer is easy to find. It is defined by the disaster management posters on the wall: a disaster is a fire, explosion, bomb, war, flood, earthquake, volcanic eruption, tornado, mass food poisoning, hysteria.

More recently these posters have been joined by elaborate swine flu protocols. Strictest standards of barrier nursing and high dependency care are advocated. The hospital management has described swine flu as “a crisis, a disaster.” In total there has been one suspected, unconfirmed, case in these wards.

In contrast here in KwaZulu, as the HIV pandemic has taken off, admissions to medical wards have increased 300% in the last 15 years. Average age of patient, length of stay, and survival to discharge have all plummeted. National life expectancy has fallen from 62 years in 1992 to 50.5 years in 2007. Statistics South Africa1 indicate that all cause mortality in adults aged 25-49 has increased from …
Vesiculo-bullous Darier's disease
Authors: G.B. Colver, D.J. Gawkrodger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Vesiculo‐bullous Darier's disease Get access G.B. Colver, G.B. Colver Department of Dermatology, Royal Hospital, Calow, Chesterfield, S44 5BL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. Gawkrodger D.J. Gawkrodger Department of Dermatology, Royal Hospital, Calow, Chesterfield, S44 5BL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 4, 1 April 1992, Pages 416–417, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00696.x Published: 01 April 1992
Tuberous Sclerosis-Reply
Authors: Roger C. Duvoisin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The report of 3 cases of tuberous sclerosis without mental defect (JAMA175:869, 1961) was presented to emphasize the occurrence of relatively benign cases lacking the most familiar manifestations of the disease. It was not the occasion for a discussion of the several lesions which may appear in many different organs in this protean disorder. However, we appreciate Dr. Johnson's comments and indeed feel that the retinal lesion to which he refers deserves emphasis as an aid in detecting atypical or oligosymptomatic cases of tuberous sclerosis. Similarly, various cutaneous lesions such as the shagreen skin, paraungual fibromata, cafe-au-lait spots, and anemic nevi may help betray the presence of a neurocutaneous syndrome.Unfortunately, the incidence among patients having tuberous sclerosis of the retinal lesion described by Van der Hoeve (Trans Ophthal Soc U K43:534, 1923) is as uncertain as that of its other manifestations. The
The “Skinny” on Obesity and Prostate Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Alfred I. Neugut, Allen C. Chen, Daniel P. Petrylak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Of the 8.9 million cancer survivors in the United States, approximately 20% are prostate cancer survivors [1]. These men may live for years beyond their cancer diagnosis and must deal with the chronic and late effects of their initial treatment as well as the constant fear of recurrence. We, as clinicians, are expert in the conventional modalities of oncologic treatment, but are often at a loss when attempting to advise these survivors on how they can improve their prognosis in other ways. Yet patients and their families are often concerned and interested in such issues as diet and exercise, and how they may influence disease outcomes. Although most studies have focused on the role of lifestyle factors in the incidence of cancer, recent reports suggest that these same risk factors can also influence prognosis and survival after diagnosis. There is evidence that dietary intake and obesity influence survival from breast cancer [2,3] and that continued cigarette smoking during treatment reduces survival in small-cell lung cancer patients [4], but there has not been clear evidence that any modifiable lifestyle factors can affect cancer-related outcomes in prostate cancer survivors. Recent international trends show that prostate cancer incidence is increasing in low-incidence countries, such as China and Japan [5], at the same time that these countries are adopting Westernized lifestyles associated with higher rates of obesity [6]. These observations suggest that obesity may be a risk factor for prostate cancer. Establishing this association could have enormous implications for prostate cancer management, given that obesity is a modifiable factor. Obesity is a manifestation of energy imbalance, reflecting excessive caloric intake relative to physical activity. Studies evaluating the relationship of obesity with prostate cancer seek to demonstrate the influence of energy imbalance on prostate carcinogenesis. Several observational studies have addressed this issue, and they have produced inconsistent results. Although some large cohort studies have found a positive relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prostate cancer incidence [7,8], others have found no association [9,10]. In fact, a subset analysis of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study found that obesity was protective for men who had a family history of prostate cancer or were under 60 years of age [9].
Evidence in the Legionella pneumophila genome for exploitation of host cell functions and high genome plasticity
Authors: Christel Cazalet, Christophe Rusniok, Holger Brüggemann, Nora Zidane, Arnaud Magnier, Laurence Ma, Magalie Tichit, Sophie Jarraud, Christiane Bouchier, François Vandenesch, Frank Kunst, Jérôme Etienne, Philippe Glaser, Carmen Buchrieser
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
Tuberculosis Control
Authors: Fred Gordin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Specialized facilities for tuberculosis (TB) have all but faded from the American health care system. With the introduction of isoniazid and other effective therapies, patients with TB became part of the mainstream of patients treated in general care hospitals and outpatient settings. This success, however, caused the awareness of TB to decrease among health care providers and the public. This complacency has now come to an abrupt halt with the heavily publicized outbreaks of multidrug-resistant strains of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in New York and Florida.<sup>1</sup>Public awareness and fear of TB has been heightened through media coverage, including a recent cover story in<i>Newsweek</i>entitled "TB: Why It's Back and How We Can Protect Ourselves" (<i>Newsweek</i>. March 16,1992: 52-57). The fear of widespread dissemination of TB to other patients, health care workers, and the general public has prompted interest in reopening special TB facilities. But would these facilities, in fact,
Clinical value of serum γ-glutamyl transferase estimation in porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: D. ADJAROV, E. IVANOV
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

SUMMARY Serum γ-glutamyl transferase was elevated fourfold in all thirty-four new cases of porphyria cutanea tarda. Phlebotomy treatment decreased it. The twelve patients in relapse showed a considerable increase, while those in remission tended to a gradual elevation in the enzyme over the course of years. γ-Glutamyl transferase is a useful auxiliary parameter in porphyria cutanea tarda particularly in untreated cases.
Petrous Apicitis: Evaluation by Bone SPECT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: MARY C. FRATES, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of petrous apicitis, an unusual inflammation of the petrous apex air cells, is reported. SPECT revealed the focal bony involvement, and these findings correlated well with the anatomical abnormalities seen on MRI.
Do treatment protocols improve end results? A study of survival of patients with multiple myeloma in Finland.
Authors: S. Karjalainen, I. Palva
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether patients with multiple myeloma treated in three consecutive clinical trials of chemotherapy of the Finnish Leukaemia Group during 1979-85 had a more favourable prognosis than both patients treated in the trial area before the trials and those treated in the rest of Finland. DESIGN--Comparison of the time trend in survival of patients living in the trial area with that of patients living in the rest of Finland. SETTING--Trial area covered 17 of the 21 main hospital districts in Finland (serving more than two thirds of patients with multiple myeloma). PATIENTS--663 Men and 690 women in the trial area and 318 men and 307 women in the reference area aged under 71 in whom multiple myeloma was diagnosed during 1959-85. In the trial area the disease was diagnosed in 455 men and 493 women in 1959-78 and in 208 men and 197 women in 1979-85; in the reference area it was diagnosed in 234 men and 227 women in 1959-78 and in 84 men and 80 women in 1979-85. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Five year cumulative relative survival rates during 1959-85, annual relative survival rates in the first seven years of follow up during 1979-85, and fitted annual relative survival rates in the first five years of follow up during 1959-85. RESULTS--During the first two years of follow up the annual relative survival rates did not differ between the two areas, but in the next five years of follow up patients in the trial area did better than those in the reference area. For cases diagnosed in 1979-85 the difference in the five year cumulative relative survival rates between patients in the trial area and those in the reference area was 10%, those in the trial area doing better. Generalised proportional hazards regression analysis of the first five years of follow up showed that the patients in the trial area had a survival advantage over those in the reference area. The model with the best fit included year of follow up, time of diagnosis, the joint effect of year of follow up and time of diagnosis, and the joint effect of area and time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION--The patients in the trial area benefited from the clinical trials, which suggests that the use of a treatment protocol improves the end results of treatment. In other words, the results favour a systematic treatment schedule in preference to a schedule determined by the free choice of a clinician.
The Striatum and Dopamine
Authors: Guillermo Horga, Anissa Abi-Dargham
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Fish Intake and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Bruce M. Psaty, Eric B. Rimm, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Gregory L. Burke, Mary F. Lyles, David Lefkowitz, David S. Siscovick
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is particularly common in the elderly. Although effects of fish intake, including potential antiarrhythmic effects, may favorably influence risk of AF, relationships between fish intake and AF incidence have not been evaluated.In a prospective, population-based cohort of 4815 adults > or =age 65 years, usual dietary intake was assessed at baseline in 1989 and 1990. Consumption of tuna and other broiled or baked fish correlated with plasma phospholipid long-chain n-3 fatty acids, whereas consumption of fried fish or fish sandwiches (fish burgers) did not. AF incidence was prospectively ascertained on the basis of hospital discharge records and annual electrocardiograms. During 12 years' follow-up, 980 cases of incident AF were diagnosed. In multivariate analyses, consumption of tuna or other broiled or baked fish was inversely associated with incidence of AF, with 28% lower risk with intake 1 to 4 times per week (HR=0.72, 95% CI=0.58 to 0.91, P=0.005), and 31% lower risk with intake > or =5 times per week (HR=0.69, 95% CI=0.52 to 0.91, P=0.008), compared with <1 time per month (P trend=0.004). Results were not materially different after adjustment for preceding myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. In similar analyses, fried fish/fish sandwich consumption was not associated with lower risk of AF.Among elderly adults, consumption of tuna or other broiled or baked fish, but not fried fish or fish sandwiches, is associated with lower incidence of AF. Fish intake may influence risk of this common cardiac arrhythmia.
Germany faces shortfall in transplant organs
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Almost four years after a German transplant law tightening up the laws on informed consent was introduced, a shortage of organs remains. The government had hoped that the new law would restore the faith the public seemed to have lost in organ donation and therefore generate an increase in organs, but the number has only increased by a small margin.

The number of patients on the waiting lists has risen to about 14 000, with just 4000 transplants taking place each year. About a third of patients with liver and heart disease die while waiting for an organ.

The national agency for procuring organs, the German …
“You Don't Know Me, But …”: Access to Patient Data and Subject Recruitment in Human Subjects Research
Authors: Toby Schonfeld, Joseph S. Brown, N. Jean Amoura, Bruce Gordon
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Recruiting subjects to participate in a research study is the first step in the consent process, and therefore falls within the purview of the institutional review board (IRB) (Huntington and Robin...
Re: A Prospective, Randomised EORTC Intergroup Phase 3 Study Comparing the Oncologic Outcome of Elective Nephron-Sparing Surgery and Radical Nephrectomy for Low-stage Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Luis A. Kluth, Evanguelos Xylinas, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2012)
An unusual cause of back pain
Authors: I Davagnanam, S Harave
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 26 year old man with no relevant medical history presented to his general practitioner with an 18 month history of progressive chronic back pain. He had difficulty walking long distances, with progressive pain and weakness in his legs, and had experienced erectile dysfunction in recent months. He was referred to a neuroscience centre for further evaluation, which confirmed the clinical findings and documented a clinical loss of perianal sensation. His body mass index was 29.8 (normal range: 18.50-24.99). He was not on exogenous steroids and had no clinical signs or symptoms of Cushing’s disease. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine was performed (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓). Fig 1 Sagittal T1 weighted image of the lumbosacral spine Fig 2 Sagittal T2 weighted image of the lumbosacral spine ### Short answers
Quantitative image analysis of cytokeratin filament distribution during fetal rat liver development
Authors: J Vassy, M Beil, T Irinopoulou, J P Rigaut
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Recent reports suggest that not only chemical but also mechanical influences from the cellular environment could have profound effects on gene activity and could act on cell differentiation and proliferation. These mechanisms involve a tissue matrix system, which includes extracellular matrix, nuclear matrix, and cytoskeleton. Supposing that the cytoskeleton mediates mechanical transduction from the cell environment to the nucleus, significant differences in the spatial distribution of the cytoskeleton network could reflect variations in environmental signals. Hepatocytes during fetal development provide a useful model to study such variations, because a progressive establishment of intercellular contact is reported. The aim of this work is to discriminate steps in hepatocyte differentiation from fetal to adult livers, using computerized quantitative image analysis of cytokeratin (C8) immunofluorescent localization, visualized by confocal scanning laser microscopy. The filament structure is represented by the gray-scale skeleton of the digital images obtained by specially designed segmentation methods. A set of line features was investigated, including number and length of lines, orientation of lines, and the fractal dimension of the filament network. The features studied showed highly significant differences throughout liver development, with an increase of the total amount of cytokeratin filaments. We could also demonstrate a modification in the structure of the network, being more and more dense, with an increase of connecting points. Moreover, it has been shown that filaments have some orientation in fetal hepatocytes, and that directionality. Thus, significant differences in the pattern of the cytokeratin filament network according to the stages of hepatocyte differentiation have been demonstrated with objective and quantitative methods.
Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. III. Effects of regular swimming activity and its cessation.
Authors: H Wolinsky, S Goldfischer, D Katz, R Markle, L Gidez, S Wassertheil-Smoller, B Coltoff-Schiller
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

It is possible that one of the consequences of regular physical activity could be a change of vascular metabolism. We studied the effects of regular swimming activity on specific activities of aortic hydrolases of male rats. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase and lysosomal beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase. After 8 or 16 weeks of a 1-hour/day swimming protocol, specific activities of four of the six aortic enzymes studied were increased over control levels, increases ranging from 7 to more than 42%. Acid cholesteryl esterase was one of the enzymes most affected by the exercise, increasing 25-30% above control levels. An 8-week sedentary period, after 8 weeks of a swimming regimen, resulted in return of the activity of acid cholesteryl esterase, but not those of the other hydrolases, to control levels. Decreases in body weight, blood pressure, and serum lipid levels also occurred in the swimming rats. Weight reduction per se was excluded as an explanation for the increases in aortic enzymes or decrease in serum cholesterol found with swimming. These findings show that regular physical activity is yet another factor with discrete and significant effects on the catabolic activity of vascular tissue.
Profound but Dysfunctional Lymphangiogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Ligands from CD11b+ Macrophages in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bong-Hyun Jeon, Cholsoon Jang, Jinah Han, Raghu P. Kataru, Lianhua Piao, Keehoon Jung, Hye Ji Cha, Reto A. Schwendener, Kyu Yun Jang, Kwan-Sik Kim, Kari Alitalo, Gou Young Koh
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Severe ascites is a hallmark of advanced ovarian cancer (OVCA), yet the underlying mechanism that creates an imbalance between peritoneal vascular leakage and lymphatic drainage is unknown. Here, we identified and characterized peritoneal lymphatic vessels in OVCA mice, a model generated by implantation of human OVCA cells into athymic nude mice. The OVCA mice displayed substantial lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic remodeling, massive infiltration of CD11b+/LYVE-1+ macrophages and disseminated carcinomatosis in the mesentery and diaphragm, and progressive chylous ascites formation. Functional assays indicated that the abnormally abundant lymphatic vessels in the diaphragm were not conductive in peritoneal fluid drainage. Moreover, lipid absorbed from the gut leaked out from the aberrant mesenteric lymphatic vessels. Our results indicate that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF-A from CD11b+ macrophages are responsible for producing OVCA-induced dysfunctional lymphangiogenesis, although other cell types contribute to the increased ascites formation. Accordingly, the combined blockade of VEGF-C/D and VEGF-A signaling with soluble VEGF receptor-3 and VEGF-Trap, respectively, markedly inhibited chylous ascites formation. These findings provide additional therapeutic targets to ameliorate chylous ascites formation in patients with advanced OVCA. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1100–9]