tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative portal vein embolization for extension of hepatectomy indications
Authors: T DEBAERE, A ROCHE, D ELIAS, P LASSER, C LAGRANGE, V BOUSSON
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To render hepatectomy feasible in patients with an initially deficient volume of the future remnant liver (FRL), we redistributed portal blood flow rich in hepatotrophic substances toward the FRL. Redistribution was achieved with preoperative portal vein embolization (POPE) feeding the future resected liver. POPE was performed in 31 patients, under fluoroscopic guidance, via a percutaneous access. POPE was well tolerated and surgery was practicable in 24 patients without severe postoperative liver failure. Seven operations were cancelled, but only one due to insufficient hypertrophy of the FRL. FRL volume values were 90 to 560 mL (mean 260 mL) before POPE and 160-783 mL (mean 443 mL) after POPE, which represents a median increase of 79% +/- 50%. Hypertrophy of the FRL was 90% +/- 52% after 30 days with cyanoacrylate, 53% +/- 6% after 43 days with Gelfoam, and 44% +/- 30% after 35 days with coils. Slight shrinkage was obtained in the volume of the embolized liver, for which resection was planned. Overall survival was 2-62 months (mean 26 months), disease-free survival was 0-60 months (mean 19 months), and 7 patients are disease-free and alive 14 to 60 months (mean 43 months) after surgery. Although exclusively applicable in a limited subset of patients, POPE widens the possibilities of curative hepatectomies, because it induces sound hypertrophy of unembolized liver segments. Cyanoacrylate seems to ensure better and faster hypertrophy.
Graeme Harding McDonald
Authors: L. McDonald
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Graeme McDonald was an extraordinary man with tremendous intellect, exceptional people skills, and a wonderful sense of humour. As a junior doctor, his well defined sense of right and wrong led to a strong interest in medicopolitics .He chaired the BMA’s Junior Doctors Committee from 1988 to 1990 and was closely involved in negotiations securing the New Deal on hours of work. At this early stage in …
Comment: Are Metastases and Lymphedema Radiation-Induced?
Authors: Philip Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The advantages of radiation therapy as an adjunct to surgery in order to increase survival must not be offset by its complications. Numerous reports argue that postoperative irradiation does more harm than good in that the increase in survival has not been regularly demonstrated and the radiation sequelae are progressive and debilitating. In fact, if the evidence for a significant rate of serious radiation complications was established, the routine use of radiotherapy clearly should be abandoned. The most incriminating report of the use of postoperative irradiation in breast cancer is Dao and Kovaric's<sup>28</sup>contention that postoperative irradiation increased the incidence of pulmonary and skin metastases. In a series of 354 cases of operable breast cancer, they noted that the incidence of ipsilateral pulmonary metastases and skin metastases following mastectomy alone was 14% and 34%, respectively, as compared to an incidence of 37% and 42% after mastectomy and postoperative irradiation.
The value of typing basal cell carcinomas in predicting recurrence after surgical excision
Authors: J.P. SLOANE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

A classification, based on growth pattern was devised and applied to 156 basal cell carcinomas from 134 patients. The tumours were divided into four main groups; (I) nodular; (2) nodular with infiltrative margin; (3) infiltrative; (4) multifocal. The infiltrative and multifocal types exhibited a high rate of recurrence following surgical excision whereas recurrence of nodular tumours was much rarer. It is therefore suggested that growth pattern should always be stated in the routine histopathological reporting of these neoplasms. Other features were studied and found to have no prognostic value. These included the various types of epithelial differentiation and such stromal factors as the degree of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and the presence of amyloid or elastic fibres.
Animals in Research: The American Medical Association's Position-Reply
Authors: Jerod M. Loeb
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  We are chagrined that Dr Petersen has misconstrued our support of the use of animals in medical research to mean that the American Medical Association indiscriminately support[s] all uses of animals, however cruel and useless. For more than 100 years, the American Medical Association has supported the humane treatment of animals and endorsed legislative actions to ensure proper care of laboratory animals. Dr Allison dismisses the obvious point that the benefit of research with animals, as of research in general, is not what we fail to learn, but rather what we do learn. Certainly there are situations where data extrapolated from animals have proved to be inapplicable to humans. But the vast majority of animal experiments have proved invaluable, as documented in a recent American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs report that identifies many medical advances resulting directly from the use of animals in the laboratory. 1
Incidence and clinical characteristics of hereditary disorders associated with venous thrombosis
Authors: Maria Dolores Tabernero, Jose Francisco Tomas, Ignacio Alberca, Alberto Orfao, Antonio Lopez Borrasca, Vicente Vicente
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

At present, different congenital defects in several proteins--antithrombin III (AT III), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and plasminogen (PLG)--are known to be causes of hereditary predisposition to thrombosis (thrombophilia). The incidence of these hereditary disorders in our 204 patients (106 males and 98 females) with venous thromboembolism were 4% (three cases deficient in PC, three in PS, two in PLG, and one patient in AT III). Their families were studied. In all cases the disorders were inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The first thrombotic episodes occurred at a age of below 40 years. There was no relationship between protein levels and the occurrence of thrombosis, although a significant relationship was observed between a positive history of thromboembolic disease and a diagnosis of protein deficiencies. We evaluated the differences between primary thrombosis and secondary thrombosis. The most common thrombotic sites were the deep veins. There were no differences between males and females. Evaluation of PC, PS, AT III, and PLG in patients with thromboembolic disease should be considered.
Multifactorial intervention with nurse practitioners does not change cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Arjan D. van Zuilen, Michiel L. Bots, Arzu Dulger, Ingeborg van der Tweel, Marjolijn van Buren, Marc A.G.J. ten Dam, Karin A.H. Kaasjager, Gerry Ligtenberg, Yvo W.J. Sijpkens, Henk E. Sluiter, Peter J.G. van de Ven, Gerald Vervoort, Louis-Jean Vleming, Peter J. Blankestijn, Jack F.M. Wetzels
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors Improve Heart Function and Prevent Fibrosis in Cardiomyopathy Caused by Mutation in Lamin A/C Gene
Authors: Wei Wu, Antoine Muchir, Jian Shan, Gisèle Bonne, Howard J. Worman
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Mutations in the lamin A/C gene, LMNA , can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. We have shown abnormal activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) branches of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade in hearts from Lmna H222P/H222P mice that develop dilated cardiomyopathy. We recently showed that partial inhibition of ERK and JNK signaling before the onset of cardiomyopathy in Lmna H222P/H222P mice prevented the development of left ventricle dilatation and decreased cardiac ejection fraction at a time when they occurred in untreated mice. Methods and Results— To determine whether pharmacological inhibitors of ERK and JNK signaling could be clinically useful to treat cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutation, we administered them to Lmna H222P/H222P mice after they developed left ventricular dilatation and decreased ejection fraction. Lmna H222P/H222P mice were treated with ERK and JNK signaling inhibitors from 16 to 20 or, in pilot experiments, 19 to 24 weeks of age. The inhibitors blocked increased expression of RNAs encoding natriuretic peptide precursors and proteins involved in sarcomere architecture that occurred in placebo-treated mice. Echocardiography and histological analysis demonstrated that treatment prevented left ventricular end-systolic dilatation, increased ejection fraction, and decreased myocardial fibrosis. Conclusion— Inhibitors of ERK and JNK signaling could potentially be used to treat humans with cardiomyopathy caused by LMNA mutations.
Which Is More Enduring — FAME or COURAGE?
Authors: William E. Boden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Since the advent of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 1977,1 visual assessment of the severity of coronary stenosis has been used to guide revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease. Almost 20 years ago, however, a technique was developed to directly measure the functional stenosis severity with the use of an intracoronary pressure wire to quantify the transstenotic pressure gradient before and after PCI.2,3 Subsequently, pressure-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) was evaluated in the Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation (FAME) trial, in which patients were randomly assigned to conventional, angiographically directed PCI or FFR-guided PCI (with . . .
Significance of low density lipoprotein production in the regulations of plasma cholesterol level in man.
Authors: Y A Kesaniemi, S M Grundy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

To determine whether production or catabolism of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major factor controlling LDL concentrations in subjects with plasma cholesterol levels from low-normal to mildly elevated, measurements of apoprotein of LDL (apoLDL) turnover were performed in 16 patients with various plasma cholesterol concentrations. Cholesterol balance studies were done simultaneously in 13 of these patients. Plasma concentrations of apoLDL and LDL-cholesterol were positively correlated with synthetic rates of apoLDL (r = 0.74, P less than 0.001; r = 0.50, P less than 0.05, respectively). No correlation was noted between the fractional catabolic rate for apoLDL and apoLDL levels (or LDL-cholesterol). For further analysis, the patients were divided into three groups with stepwise increases in apoLDL concentrations. When apoLDL levels rose significantly, from 83 +/- 5 SEM to 122 +/- 2 to 149 +/- 5 mg/dl, synthetic rates for apoLDL also increased significantly from 11.6 +/- 12. to 17.0 +/- 0.9 to 23.8 +/- 1.8 mg/d/kg ideal weight. In contrast, the fractional catabolic rate of apoLDL was not different among the three groups (0.32 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.03/d). No relation was noted between synthesis of total body cholesterol (or bile acids) and concentrations, production rates, or removal of apoLDL. Thus, concentrations of apoLDL and LDL-cholesterol in these subjects with plasma cholesterol levels from low-normal to mildly elevated were regulated mainly by synthetic rates of apoLDL and not by LDL catabolism.
Eosinophilic Syndrome with Methylphenidate Abuse
Authors: JEFFREY WOLF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Brief Reports1 August 1978Eosinophilic Syndrome with Methylphenidate AbuseJEFFREY WOLF, M.D., ALAN FEIN, M.D., LOUIS FEHRENBACHER, M.D.JEFFREY WOLF, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ALAN FEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LOUIS FEHRENBACHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-2-224 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptRecently we have become aware of a previously unreported syndrome of systemic, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal problems associated with eosinophilia in patients who abuse intravenous methylphenidate (Ritalin®).Sixteen Ritalin-abusing patients were seen between 4 December 1976 and 20 September 1977 at San Francisco General Hospital (Table 1). They came to our attention either through hematologic consultation for marked eosinophilia, through a limited chart review of Ritalin abusers in a drug abuse program, or through a prospective study of all differential counts during a 6-week period. This prospective study identified eosinophil counts greater than 10% in complete blood counts done in all...References1. HAHNSCHWEIDBEATY HAH: Complications of injecting dissolved methylphenidate tablets. Arch Intern Med 123:656-659, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROBERTSONREYNOLDSWILSON CRJ: Pulmonary hypertension and foreign body granulomas in intravenous drug abusers. Documentation by cardiac catheterization and lung biopsy. Am J Med 61:657-664, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Physicians' Desk Reference, 31st ed. Oradell, New Jersey, Medical Economics Co., 1977, p. 735 Google Scholar4. BALDWINPETERS RJ: Hematologic complications from tranquilizers in children. South Med J 61:1072-1075, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WITTON K: On the use of parenteral methylphenidate. A follow-up report. Am J Psychiatry 121:267-269, 1964 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Cancer Research Institute Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAmphétamine et autres psychostimulantsDrug-induced eosinophilic lung diseaseAmphetamine and Other PsychostimulantsMethylphenidate: Increased Abuse or Appropriate Use ?Rheumatic manifestations of diseases associated with substance abuseCase 23-1984Eosinophile LungenkrankheitenClinical Studies of Methylphenidate Serum Levels in Children and Adults 1 August 1978Volume 89, Issue 2Page: 224-225KeywordsBloodChartsComplete blood countDrug abuseEosinophiliaEosinophilsHealth services researchHeartLungsProspective studies Issue Published: 1 August 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cold feet from adrenal leiomyosarcoma
Authors: C Wong, U O Von Oppell, D Scott-Coombes
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

the patient was taking half the correct thyroxine dose, and stopped taking thyroxine altogether for a short period, did the TSH rise, by which time the pituitary tumour had caused hydrocephalus severe enough to produce confusion, incontinence and falls.Although the dose of thyroxine required to maintain the euthyroid state has been reported to fall with age, 5 this would not have been a plausible explanation for the rapid decline in TSH seen in this patient.Had the free thyroxine also been measured, it might have prompted a search for other causes of a falling TSH during thyroxine replacement and led to diagnosis of the macroprolactinoma before the development of hydrocephalus.
Heat Preconditioning Attenuates Renal Injury in Ischemic ARF in Rats
Authors: Sang-Kyung Jo, Gang Jee Ko, Chang Su Boo, Won Yong Cho, Hyoung Kyu Kim
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

Although heat preconditioning has been known to be protective in various types of injury, the precise molecular mechanism for this is unclear. Recent observations that indicate that previous heat shock has an anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic effect led to this investigation of the in vivo effect of heat preconditioning on NF-kappaB activation and inflammation and also on tubular cell injury in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). Heat preconditioning provided marked functional protection and also reduced histologic evidence of tubular necrosis. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced NF-kappaB activation was suppressed by heat preconditioning with a subsequent decrease in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and inflammatory cell infiltration. Heat preconditioning also suppressed the accumulation of phosphorylated inhibitory kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) with a resultant depletion of cytoplasmic IkappaBalpha, indicating that heat preconditioning blocked the activation of the IkappaB kinase complex. Tubular cell apoptosis, determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining, also was decreased by heat preconditioning, and this was accompanied by decreased caspase 3 activation. Among several heat-shock proteins (HSP), HSP-70 was induced primarily by heat preconditioning. Inhibition of HSP-70 by quercetin almost completely reversed the functional protection that was provided by heat preconditioning. These data provide evidence that HSP-70 affords protection via inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated inflammation and also inhibition of the cell death pathway in ischemic ARF. Further elucidation of the cytoprotective mechanism of stress proteins could facilitate new target or drug development in the treatment of ARF.
The Uptake of Gallium-67-Citrate by the Parotid Glands in a Uremic Patient
Authors: SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A 9-year-old uremic girl who showed intense parotid uptake when scanned with gallium-67-citrate is discussed. None of the more frequently described predisposing factors was present. A review of 22 other children scanned for suspected inflammatory disease revealed minimal parotid and lacrimal activity in three, with lacrimal activity only in another four. It is suggested that a metabolic cause be considered when there is abnormal parotid activity with Ga-67 scintigraphy.
Clinical Genetics: Some Neglected Facets
Authors: Edmond A. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Abstract Like general medicine, clinical genetics has responsibilities to research, to dissemination and to service. Each exists at three broad levels. The elemental comprises acquisition of fact and development of technics. At the intermediate level coherence becomes a major concern: the discernment of relations among facts; the incorporation of data into ideas and insights; organization of clinical findings into a diagnosis; and the development of the rational management. The sophisticated level calls for theories and cosmologies at the scientific level, and cultivation of scholarship and of clinical wisdom. All nine compartments should be mutually correcting. If any of them is neglected or isolated from the rest, the whole will be impoverished —the student will suffocate in disconnected, empirical facts; fanciful theories will be spun from tenuous evidence; well established theory will be neglected by the practitioner; the best-intentioned schemes will have disastrous long-term consequences. (N Engl J Med 292:458–462, 1975)
Biosynthesis of immunoreactive somatostatin by hypothalamic neurons in culture.
Authors: H H Zingg, Y C Patel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The neuronal biosynthesis of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) was investigated using mechanically dispersed neonatal rat hypothalamic cells kept in culture for up to 6 wk. Immunohistochemically, SLI was specifically localized to a small subpopulation of parvicellular neurons and their cell processes. By radioimmunoassay the cellular SLI content declined steadily during the first 2 wk in culture (nadir value of 60 fmol/dish at day 15) but then increased progressively to reach a maximum value of 381 fmol/dish at day 46. Gel chromatographic analysis showed this immunoreactivity to consist of forms corresponding to tetradecapeptide somatostatin (S-14), somatostatin-28 (S-28), and a 15,000-mol-wt molecule. After incubation of the cells with [3H]phenylalanine, the cellular extracts, purified by adsorption to C18 silica, contained material that bound specifically to an immobilized antisomatostatin antibody. Analysis by gel chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography of the specifically bound label provided evidence for the presence of labeled S-14, S-28, and the 15,000-mol-wt molecule. Pulse-chase experiments (20-min pulse, 20-min chase) demonstrated a transfer of radioactivity from the 15,000-mol-wt form to material corresponding to S-14 as well as to S-28. These studies demonstrate that cultured hypothalamic neurons are capable of synthesizing three somatostatin-like peptides (15,000-mol-wt SLI, S-28, S-14), one of which (15,000-mol-wt SLI) serve as a biosynthetic precursor for both S-28 and S-14. This in vitro system should provide a powerful tool for further investigation of the biosynthesis and regulation of biosynthesis of somatostatin in the hypothalamus.
Comparison of cutaneous tolerance and efficacy of calcitriol 3 μg g<sup>−1</sup>ointment and tacrolimus 0·3 mg g<sup>−1</sup>ointment in chronic plaque psoriasis involving facial or genitofemoral areas: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Y.H. Liao, H.C. Chiu, Y.S. Tseng, T.F. Tsai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Two nonsteroidal topical agents, calcitriol and tacrolimus, have been reported to be effective and safe for psoriatic lesions on sensitive areas. However, no comparative studies between calcitriol and tacrolimus have been reported.To compare the tolerability and efficacy of calcitriol 3 microg g(-1) and tacrolimus 0.3 mg g(-1) ointment in chronic plaque psoriasis affecting facial and genitofemoral regions.This is a double-blind, parallel, 6-week study of 50 patients who were randomized in a 1 : 1 ratio to apply calcitriol or tacrolimus twice daily. The primary efficacy variable was the mean reduction of the target area score (TAS), and the secondary efficacy variable was the percentage of patients with the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score of 5 (clear) and 4 (almost clear) at the end of the study.Both calcitriol and tacrolimus were well tolerated. Although calcitriol induced perilesional erythema in a statistically significant higher proportion of patients than tacrolimus (55% vs. 16% at week 6; P < 0.05), it did not necessitate treatment discontinuation. At the end of the study, tacrolimus was significantly more effective than calcitriol based on a significant reduction of mean TAS (67% vs. 51%; P < 0.05) as well as more patients achieving complete or almost complete clearance by PGA (60% vs. 33%; P < 0.05).Both calcitriol 3 microg g(-1) and tacrolimus 0.3 mg g(-1) are safe and well-tolerated therapeutic agents in the treatment of psoriasis in sensitive areas. Tacrolimus demonstrated a more effective clinical outcome compared with calcitriol.