tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-11-08: A Multicenter Prospective Phase II Trial of Neo-Adjuvant (FEC 100)/Cisplatin-Docetaxel with or without Trastuzumab in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer. Gulf Oncology Research Group (G0RG-001)
Authors: TA AL-Tweigeri, AA Alsayed, MM Ibrahim, WM Ashaur, HN Jaafar, OA Abulkhair, HA Al-Abdulkarim, HKH Khalid, SA Alawadi, DS. Ajarim
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of the (FEC100) followed by cisplatin/docetaxel with or without trastuzumab as primary chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC T2&amp;gt; 4cm, N0-2, M0). METHODS: Eighty (80) patients with LABC (T2-T4, No-N2, M0) received 4 cycles of FEC (100) followed by 4 cycles of cisplatin/docetaxel, followed by definitive surgery and locoregional radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy. Patients with HER2 positive received trastuzumab concurrently with cisplatin docetaxel for a total of 8 cycles (for a total of 6 months). The primary end point was pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast and/or axilla for HER2 negative and HER2 positive. RESULTS: Seventy nine (79) patients were evaluable for analysis: median age: 43yrs, Premenopausal: 83%, median tumor size: 7.0cm (≥4 - 10), Stage IIB: 24% and IIIA/IIIB: 76%, both ER/PR positive: 56%, Her2/neu (3+) by IHC staining: 39%. Clinical response was 65% complete response and 28% partial response. Breast conserving surgery was performed in: 10 % and MRM in: 90%.Three (3) patients suffered an asymptomatic and reversible decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction. Pathological complete response (pCR) can b summarized as follow: Overall pCR in breast: 37%, in Axilla: 65%, Breast and axilla: 33%. In patients with HER2 Negative: pCR in breast: 19%, in Axilla: 56%, Breast and axilla: 17%.In patients with HER2 positive: pCR in breast: 65%, in Axilla: 77%, Breast and axilla: 58%.Overall the DFS &amp; OS at 3 years were 88% and 98% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This sequential combination is a safe, feasible and active combination, which associated with high clinical and pathologic response rates, the addition of trastuzumab increased pCR rate in HER2 positive tumors with promising and encouraging outcomes, further investigation of this combination are warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-11-08.
Regulation of fos and jun immediate-early genes by redox or metabolic stress in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: K A Webster, D J Discher, N H Bishopric
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

We have previously demonstrated coordinate inductions of c-fos, c-jun, jun B, and jun D in cardiac myocytes exposed to hypoxia for 2 to 4 hours. Induction of these transcripts occurred before any significant loss of intracellular ATP. In the present study, the origin of the signal(s) that regulates immediate-early gene induction was investigated by comparing the effects of hypoxia with those of the metabolic inhibitors cyanide, deoxyglucose and cyanide combined, and iodoacetic acid. Cyanide, an inhibitor of oxidative metabolism, closely mimicked the metabolic effects of hypoxia, with elimination of oxygen consumption, increased lactate production, and minimal decline in ATP levels under both conditions. Compared with hypoxia, cyanide mediated small transient inductions of fos and jun transcripts that followed a different time course. The combination of cyanide and deoxyglucose resulted in inhibition of lactate production as well as respiration, and ATP dropped rapidly to 20% of control levels. The loss of intracellular ATP was followed by fourfold inductions of c-fos and c-jun with minor changes in jun B and jun D transcript levels. Similarly, iodoacetic acid caused a major (90%) loss of ATP and irreversible cell damage as measured by leakage of creatine phosphokinase enzyme and loss of membrane arachidonic acid; ATP loss was followed by fivefold to sevenfold inductions of c-fos, c-jun and jun B transcripts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IgE plasma cell leukemia successfully treated with combination VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) and MP (melphalan, prednisolone) followed by interferon‐α
Authors: Noboru Yamagata, Chihiro Shimazaki, Hideo Goto, Toshiyuki Hirata, Eishi Ashihara, Naritoshi Oku, Tohru Inaba, Naohisa Fujita, Masao Nakagawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract A 69‐year‐old woman with IgE/K plasma cell leukemia (PCL) was treated with a sequential combination of VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone) and MP (melphalan, prednisolone) followed by interferon‐α (IFNα). A complete remission was achieved for 14 months. Maintenance therapy with IFNα has continued for an additional 10 months. IgE PCL Is extremely rare. The biological characteristics of the myeloma cells, including surface marker, adhesion molecule, karyotype, DNA analysis, and the response to various cytokines, are presented. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sirolimus-Eluting and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization
Authors: Stephan Windecker, Andrea Remondino, Franz R. Eberli, Peter Jüni, Lorenz Räber, Peter Wenaweser, Mario Togni, Michael Billinger, David Tüller, Christian Seiler, Marco Roffi, Roberto Corti, Gabor Sütsch, Willibald Maier, Thomas Lüscher, Otto M. Hess, Matthias Egger, Bernhard Meier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Sirolimus-eluting stents and paclitaxel-eluting stents, as compared with bare-metal stents, reduce the risk of restenosis. It is unclear whether there are differences in safety and efficacy between the two types of drug-eluting stents.We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial comparing sirolimus-eluting stents with paclitaxel-eluting stents in 1012 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events (death from cardiac causes, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization of the target lesion) by nine months. Follow-up angiography was completed in 540 of 1012 patients (53.4 percent).The two groups had similar baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. The rate of major adverse cardiac events at nine months was 6.2 percent in the sirolimus-stent group and 10.8 percent in the paclitaxel-stent group (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.86; P=0.009). The difference was driven by a lower rate of target-lesion revascularization in the sirolimus-stent group than in the paclitaxel-stent group (4.8 percent vs. 8.3 percent; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.34 to 0.93; P=0.03). Rates of death from cardiac causes were 0.6 percent in the sirolimus-stent group and 1.6 percent in the paclitaxel-stent group (P=0.15); the rates of myocardial infarction were 2.8 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively (P=0.49); and the rates of angiographic restenosis were 6.6 percent and 11.7 percent, respectively (P=0.02).As compared with paclitaxel-eluting stents, the use of sirolimus-eluting stents results in fewer major adverse cardiac events, primarily by decreasing the rates of clinical and angiographic restenosis.
Gallium-67 Imaging in Candidal Esophagitis
Authors: JOHN H. RUNDBACK, C RICHARD GOLDFARB, FUKIAT ONGSENG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Ga-67 scanning has been used to evaluate esophageal carcinoma. It has demonstrated candidal infection in other body sites and, in one previous case, in the esophagus. The authors present a case of diffuse esophageal uptake of Ga-67 in esophageal candidiasis.
Nonuniform Heating During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation With Long Electrodes
Authors: Ian D. McRury, Dorin Panescu, Mark A. Mitchell, David E. Haines
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Long, narrow electrodes are being considered for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation; however, preliminary work revealed coagulum formation on the electrodes and lack of lesion continuity. This may be due to the “edge effect,” which concentrates radiated energy at sharp geometric gradients. It is proposed that temperature sensors at electrode edges are preferable to a single centered sensor for temperature feedback and monitoring of long electrode geometries. Methods and Results A finite element model was used to predict the heating properties of new long electrode geometries. Sixteen dogs with atrial fibrillation underwent left and right atrial ablation using catheters with multiple 12.5-mm coil electrodes. Electrodes with a single thermistor were compared with electrodes with dual thermocouples placed at opposite ends and on opposing sides of the electrode. Power, temperature, and impedance were recorded for all lesions, and coagulum adhesion and magnitude were noted in a subset of lesions. Finite element analysis shows uneven heating, with the main heating concentrated at the electrode edges and a propensity toward temperatures &gt;100°C with single-thermistor feedback control. Ablations with dual thermocouple electrodes achieved higher measured temperatures at lower power levels than those that used single-thermistor electrodes. Impedance rises and coagulum adherence occurred less frequently with dual thermocouple electrodes than with single, centered thermistor electrodes (176 of 395 versus 9 of 425 lesions; P &lt;.0001; 46 of 98 versus 7 of 150 lesions; P &lt;.0001, respectively). Conclusions Maximum heating from radiofrequency energy occurs at the electrode edges, particularly with long electrodes. The safety of temperature-feedback atrial ablation with these electrodes is significantly improved by monitoring temperatures at the edges.
Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 reverses inflammation and expression of COX-2 and interleukin 6 in rat adjuvant arthritis.
Authors: G D Anderson, S D Hauser, K L McGarity, M E Bremer, P C Isakson, S A Gregory
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Prostaglandins formed by the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are important mediators of inflammation in arthritis. The contribution of the inducible COX-2 enzyme to inflammation in rat adjuvant arthritis was evaluated by characterization of COX-2 expression in normal and arthritic paws and by pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 activity. The injection of adjuvant induced a marked edema of the hind footpads with coincident local production of PGE2. PG production was associated with upregulation of COX-2 mRNA and protein in the affected paws. In contrast, the level of COX-1 mRNA was unaffected by adjuvant injection. TNF-alpha and IL-6 mRNAs were also increased in the inflamed paws as was IL-6 protein in the serum. Therapeutic administration of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, SC-58125, rapidly reversed paw edema and reduced the level of PGE2 in paw tissue to baseline. Interestingly, treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor also reduced the expression of COX-2 mRNA and protein in the paw. Serum IL-6 and paw IL-6 mRNA levels were also reduced to near normal levels by SC-58125. Furthermore, inhibition of COX-2 resulted in a reduction of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and decreased inflammation of the synovium. Notably, the antiinflammatory effects of SC-58125 were indistinguishable from the effects observed for indomethacin. These results suggest that COX-2 plays a prominent role in the inflammation associated with adjuvant arthritis and that COX-2 derived PGs upregulate COX-2 and IL-6 expression at inflammatory sites.
Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis.
Authors: V Fuster, P M Steele, W D Edwards, B J Gersh, M D McGoon, R L Frye
Journal: Circulation (1984)

A long-term retrospective follow-up study was made of 120 patients (33 male, 87 female patients) with primary pulmonary hypertension--diagnosed by strict clinical and hemodynamic criteria--to obtain a better understanding of the natural history and possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 34 (3 to 64) years, but only 24 patients (21%) remained alive 5 years later. Lung tissue obtained at autopsy from 56 patients revealed two major pathologic types: thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in 32 patients (57%) and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy in 18 (32%). Thus, in more than half the patients undergoing autopsy the major histologic feature was thrombi without any evidence of plexiform lesions. The two groups were similar with respect to their clinical and hemodynamic features and short survival. Of the variables tested for prognostic importance by stepwise multivariate analysis, only two were significant: pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation (p less than .00001) and anticoagulant therapy (p = .01). Anticoagulant therapy is recommended for patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.
Suppression of proliferative cholangitis in a rat model with direct adenovirus-mediated retinoblastoma gene transfer to the biliary tract
Authors: Ryuta Terao, Kazuo Honda, Etsuro Hatano, Tetsuya Uehara, Masayuki Yamamoto, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Proliferative cholangitis (PC) associated with hepatolithiasis develops the stricture of main bile ducts, and is the main cause of residual and/or recurrent stones after repeated treatments for hepatolithiasis. The aim of this study was to inhibit PC using the cytostatic gene therapy with direct adenovirus-mediated retinoblastoma (Rb) gene transfer to the biliary tract. PC was induced by introducing a fine nylon thread into the bile duct in a rat model. The adenovirus vector encoding a nonphosphorylatable, constitutively active form of retinoblastoma gene product (AdRb) was administered directly into the biliary tract. The adenovirus vector encoding β-galactosidase (AdlacZ) was also given as a control. The bile duct wall thickness and 5′-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index were compared among uninfected, AdlacZ-infected, and AdRb-infected PC rats. The Rb expression in the bile duct was detected using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical study. AdRb-infected bile ducts showed inhibition of the epithelial and fibrous tissue proliferation and the peribiliary gland hyperplasia, resulting in a significant reduction of wall thickness compared with uninfected and AdlacZ-infected ones. The BrdU labeling index was 4.87% ± 3.06% in the AdRb-infected bile ducts, while those of uninfected and AdlacZ-infected ones were 15.48% ± 4.61% and 11.72% ± 1.23%, respectively (P < .05). In conclusion, our cytostatic gene therapy approach using direct Rb gene transfer into the biliary tract suppressed PC in a rat model and may offer an effective therapeutic option for reducing recurrences following treatments against hepatolithiasis.
The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement
Authors: George Mora
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The author of this volume is well known for his view that mental illness is a "myth," arrived at through biased attitudes and objectionable methods used by society toward some of its nonconforming members. Such a viewpoint has elicited much controversy. In this new book, Dr. Szasz pushes his argument further, this time along historical lines. In the first part, he defends the thesis that today's mentally ill are identified and treated— or mistreated—in a way similar to the alleged witches in the Renaissance and to the Jews at particular times and places in their history. The second part covers a variety of topics. Benjamin Rush, far from being considered as "The Father of American Psychiatry," is severely criticized for his moralistic attitude toward the mentally ill. Homosexuality is viewed as a stigma replacing the heresy of the past centuries, rather than as an illness. In one chapter the concept
Giving steroids before elective caesarean section: Authors respond to editorial
Authors: P R Stutchfield, R Whitaker
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rationing in response to NHS deficits: rural patients are likely to be affected most See News, p 1426Editor-News that pressing financial problems have caused NHS trusts in Suffolk to set new "thresholds" to treatments such as joint replacements reinforces concerns raised by a recent BMA survey of medical directors of trusts in which over a third of respondents anticipated reductions of key services in response to funding shortfalls. 1 2 What has hitherto escaped comment is how cuts in services are far more likely to be felt in some parts of the country than others.Deficits in the NHS are invariably presented as a problem of financial mismanagement, but the pattern of deficits shows that the current resource allocation model discriminates against particular communities.According to the recently published accounts for 2004-5, 3 89 out of 303 (30%) English primary care trusts ended the year in deficit.The table shows how 301 of these trusts are distributed accorded to fifths of deprivation and rurality.Primary care trusts serving populations that are in both the most rural and the least deprived fifth were most likely to be in financial difficulties.Seventeen of the 25 (68%) in this category were in deficit.These trusts received the lowest funding allocation per head (£995).By contrast, only 3% (one of 34) of the primary care trusts serving populations that are in both the most urban and the most deprived fifths failed to break even in 2004-5.These trusts received the highest funding allocations per head (£1405).This shows that poor financial management can at best only partly explain why some trusts are in deficit.The pattern of deficits implies that NHS funding provides insufficient resources for rural areas, for comparatively affluent areas, and, most particularly, for areas that are both rural and affluent.The risk is that such measures will result in NHS services being subject to a new postcode lottery, in which rural residents are more likely to lose out.
Experimental validation of quantitative coronary arteriography for determining pressure-flow characteristics of coronary stenosis.
Authors: K L Gould, K O Kelley, E L Bolson
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The applicability of classic fluid dynamic equations to tapering stenoses in vasoactive, flexible coronary arteries in vivo and the validity of quantitative coronary arteriography was tested by comparing experimentally measured and x-ray-predicted pressure gradients at equal flows for left circum- flex stenoses in five dogs chronically instrumented with a balloon.occluder, flow probe, and proximal and distal catheters for.injection of contrast media or recording distal coronary pressure.Arterial borders on cut-film orthogonal arteriograms were digitized and computer processed into a three-dimensional recon- struction of the stenosis.The total pressure gradient was calculated from stenosis dimensions using classic fluid dynamic equations.Over the full range of flow, the correlation of x-ray-predicted and experimentally measured pressure gradient for 51 separate stenoses was y = 1.11x + 0.75, r = 0.95, p < 0.001, with a standard deviation about the regression line of 9.4 mm Hg and with 95% of x-ray-predicted values falling within ± 18.5 mm Hg of the experimentally measured values (95.% confidence limits).Mean experimentally measured and x-ray-predicted pressure gradients were 10.1 7.7 mm Hg (± SD) and 10.9 + 5.6 mmn Hg at low flow and 48.2 ± 23.1 mm Hg and 55.8 ± 28.8 mm Hg at high flow, respectively.The mean difference was 3.9 ± 4.3 mm Hg at rest flow and 11.9 ± 10.5 mm Hg at high flow.For all data over the entire range of flows, the frequency distribution of differences between x-ray-predicted and experimentally measured gradients was a bell-shaped curve with a peak, or mean difference, of + 4 mm Hg, a standard deviation of ± 9.8 mm Hg and 95% confidence limits for individual values of ± 19.6 mm Hg.These data demonstrate the validity of applying classic fluid dynamic theory to tapering stenoses in vivo.Quantitative coronary arteriography on the average or in individual instances approximately predicts the pressure gradient-flow characteristics of coronary arterial stenoses in intact animals.However, as indicated by the above measures of variability, there is considerable scatter in x-ray predictions that limits its applicability to individual clinical cases.We believe that this scatter is a result of difficulties in visually tracing arterial borders on arteriograms and can most likely be reduced by automatic border recognition techniques.
Association Between Responses to Inhaled Bronchodilator or Inhaled Bronchoconstrictor Challenge and Exhaled Breath Temperature assessed by the X-halo portable hand held device
Authors: T.A. Popov, T.Z. Kralimarkova, T. Grigorova, R. Mincheva, G. Garcia, A. Yanez, M. Bergna, V.D. Dimitrov, L.M. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Mast cells decrease renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Duk Hoon Kim, Sang-Ok Moon, Yu Jin Jung, Ae Sin Lee, Kyung Pyo Kang, Tae Hwan Lee, Sik Lee, Ok Hee Chai, Chang Ho Song, Kyu Yun Jang, Mi Jeong Sung, Xin Zhang, Sung Kwang Park, Won Kim
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
THE PHYSICIAN AND THE PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: William Y. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I hope that no reader ofThe Journalfailed to scrutinize the London Letter, Nov. 2, 1918, p. 1504. As the close of the war draws near, the problems of reconstruction come more and more to arrest the attention of thoughtful citizens both at home and abroad. We have heard much in recent years of the physician in politics. Are we as a profession measuring up to the requirements of the situation or are we lagging behind our colleagues across the seas? It is not ours to decide in full the future rôle of our profession. We need only to glance at Russia for the confirmation of this statement. In that troublous land of red revolution, the soviet government has definitely assigned the physician to a place with the bourgeoisie. In spite of his twenty-four hour day and his Sundayless week, the physician is to have no
Infections Due to Adenovirus Type 8 in the United States
Authors: Chandler Dawson, Richard Darrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN the western world epidemic keratoconjunctivitis frequently originates in a physician's office or dispensary.1 , 2 Epidemiologic and laboratory observations have suggested that contamination of instruments (such as tonometers) coming in direct contact with the corneal and conjunctival epithelium is the most common means of disseminating the infectious agent.2 The office outbreak reported below involved at least 26 persons, including the physician himself. The course of the epidemic was reconstructed from office records. Seven affected patients were examined by us, and 6 of these had serologic evidence of recent infection.In adults, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis has an incubation period of seven to eleven . . .
New trials of gene therapy for heart failure are announced
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The British Heart Foundation has announced the launch of two new trials of gene therapy for heart failure. They represent the culmination of 20 years of laboratory research by staff at Imperial College London and the Royal Brompton Hospital, London, and will be the first of their kind carried out in the United Kingdom, the researchers said.

Alexander Lyon, a consultant cardiologist at the Royal Brompton and the UK lead investigator, emphasised that heart failure was a major problem. “In the UK alone we have somewhere between 750 000 and a million patients we know about. And there’s a …