tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: HAROLD W. JONES
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Blood transfusion in pernicious anemia produces better and more permanent results than any other therapeutic measure. Although transfusion has been used in this disease for many years, the early results were not satisfactory. The causes of these poor results were: (1) failure to cross agglutinate before each transfusion; (2) the use of improper methods of transfusion; (3) the injection of too large amounts of blood, and (4) too long an interval between transfusions. Many have said that transfusion did little good; others that it seemed to retard progress, and a few that it definitely shortened the life of the patient, all of which has served to bring discredit on this useful therapeutic measure. <h3>TYPING AND CROSS AGGLUTINATION</h3> The institution of typing by Shattuck, in 1899, gave added incentive to the use of transfusion by increasing its safety. However, the terms "universal donor" and "universal recipient" came into use. The belief
RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION INCREASES PLATELET REACTIVITY IRRESPECTIVE OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY
Authors: Jose Luis Ferreiro, Ana Marcano, Montserrat Gracida, Silvia homs, Gerard Roura, Rafael Romaguera, Luis Teruel, Joan A Gomez-Hospital, Dominick Angiolillo, Angel Cequier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Mechanism of deoxycholic acid stimulation of the rabbit colon.
Authors: S J Shiff, R D Soloway, W J Snape
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Previous studies showed that deoxycholic acid (DCA) stimulated migrating action potential complexes (MAPC) in the colon. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of DCA-stimulated colonic motility. Myoelectrical and contractile activity were measured in New Zealand White rabbits from a loop constructed in the proximal colon. During the control period, slow waves were present at a frequency of 10.8 +/- 0.5 cycle/min and there were 1.5 +/- 0.5 MAPC/ h. After adding DCA (16 mM) to the loop the slow wave activity was unchanged. However, MAPC increased to 15.1 +/- 2.4 MAPC/h (P less than 0.001). MAPC activity was not stimulated in the colonic smooth muscle outside the loop. The intraluminal addition of procaine or tetrodotoxin to the colonic loop inhibited the DCA-stimulated increase in MAPC activity (0.2 +/- 0.2 MAPC/h) (P less than 0.005). Intravenous administration of atropine or phentolamine also inhibited MAPC activity that had been stimulated by DCA (P less than 0.005). Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine also inhibited an increase in MAPC activity. Propranolol, trimethaphan camsylate, or hexamethonium had no effect on DCA stimulation of MAPC activity. Although the concentration of bile salt increased in the mesenteric venous outflow from the colonic loop, the intravenous administration of bile salt did not stimulate colonic MAPC activity. These studies suggest: (a) the action of DCA on smooth muscle activity is a local phenomenon, (b) the increase in MAPC activity is dependent on intact cholinergic and alpha adrenergic neurons, and (c) an increase in the concentration of bile salts in the serum is not associated with an increase in colonic MAPC activity.
IFITM1 is a tight junction protein that inhibits hepatitis C virus entry
Authors: Courtney Wilkins, Jessica Woodward, Daryl T.-Y. Lau, Amy Barnes, Michael Joyce, Nicola McFarlane, Jane A. McKeating, Lorne D. Tyrrell, Michael Gale
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Type 1 interferon (IFN) continues to be the foundation for the current standard of care combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, yet the component interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that mediate the antiviral actions of IFN are not fully defined. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) is an ISG product that suppresses early stage infection by a number of viruses through an unknown mechanism of action. Moreover, the actions of IFITM1 on HCV infection are not fully elucidated. Here we identify IFITM1 as a hepatocyte tight junction protein and a potent anti-HCV effector molecule. IFITM1 expression is induced early during IFN treatment of hepatocytes and accumulates at hepatic tight junctions in HCV-infected human patient liver during IFN therapy. Additionally, we found that IFITM1 interacts with HCV coreceptors, including CD81 and occludin, to disrupt the process of viral entry. Thus, IFITM1 is an anti-HCV ISG whose actions impart control of HCV infection through interruption of viral coreceptor function.This study defines IFITM1 as an ISG effector with action against HCV entry. Design of therapy regimens to enhance IFITM1 expression should improve the virologic response among HCV patients undergoing treatment with type I IFN.
Effect of reflection from an unmatched junction on the abdominal aortic impedance
Authors: D. L. NEWMAN, N. L. R. BOWDEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The fluid impedance of the abdominal aorta was measured in anaesthetized dogs before and during the occlusion of the central branch of the aortic/external iliac junction. Aortic impedance increased during the occlusion due to a change in the terminal impedance of the peripheral beds and an increase in reflection from the aortic junction. The higher harmonics of impedance were relatively unaffected by changes in the terminal impedance and hence the increase found for these harmonics may be attributed to reflection from the junction alone. The reflection coefficient calculated from the impedance values of the higher harmonics (> 3rd) agreed well with the theoretical value from the Womersley model of a junction set in an infinite line.
Tc-99m Pertechnetate Trapping and Thyroid Function in Hashimotoʼs Thyroiditis
Authors: PEI-WEN WANG, HUE-YONG CHEN, CHIANG-HSUAN LI, RUE-TSUAN LIU, WEN-YEN CHIEN, SHEK-CHENG TUNG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid Imaging was studied in 52 patients with Hashimoto's thyrolditis, with special reference to the thyroid functional state and Tc-99m trapping by the gland. The most common finding was diffusely increased trapping of radioactivity, a pattern similar to Graves' disease. On the other hand, the increased trapping in Hashimoto's thyroiditis was usually associated with hypothyroidism. The degree of Tc-99m trapping did not correlate with the degree of the endogenous TSH elevation. However, Increased Tc-99m trapping could predict the reversibility of hypothyroldism in just 3 months.
Botulinum Toxin A Detrusor Injections in Patients with Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity Significantly Decrease the Incidence of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Xavier Gamé, Evelyne Castel-Lacanal, Youssef Bentaleb, Isabelle Thiry-Escudié, Xavier De Boissezon, Bernard Malavaud, Philippe Marque, Pascal Rischmann
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Analysis ofPIG-A gene in a patient who developed reciprocal translocation of chromosome 12 and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria during follow-up of aplastic anemia
Authors: Jun-Ichi Nishimura, Norimitsu Inoue, Yasuhiko Azenishi, Toshiyuki Hirota, Teruaki Akaogi, Masaru Shibano, Kazuyoshi Kawagoe, Etsuko Ueda, Takashi Machii, Junji Takeda, Taroh Kinoshita, Teruo Kitani
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

The relationships between paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), aplastic anemia (AA), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are not clear. Here we describe a patient, J20, who developed a reciprocal translocation of chromosome 12 and PNH during follow-up of AA. All metaphases in CD59-deficient bone marrow mononuclear cells had the translocation, whereas none of the CD59-deficient cells had it, indicating that the PNH clone coincided with a cell population bearing the chromosomal aberration. We found a somatic single-base deletion mutation in the PIG-A gene of this patient's peripheral blood cells. This is the first patient with PNH with a PNH clone containing a chromosomal translocation.
Nonresponse to Interferon in Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Raymond S. Koff
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Activated ErbB3/NRG1 Autocrine Loop Supports In Vivo Proliferation in Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Qing Sheng, Xinggang Liu, Eleanor Fleming, Karen Yuan, Huiying Piao, Jinyun Chen, Zeinab Moustafa, Roman K. Thomas, Heidi Greulich, Anna Schinzel, Sara Zaghlul, David Batt, Seth Ettenberg, Matthew Meyerson, Birgit Schoeberl, Andrew L. Kung, William C. Hahn, Ronny Drapkin, David M. Livingston, Joyce F. Liu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Association of Housing Disrepair Indicators with Cockroach and Rodent Infestations in a Cohort of Pregnant Latina Women and Their Children
Authors: Asa Bradman, Jonathan Chevrier, Ira Tager, Michael Lipsett, Jaqueline Sedgwick, Janet Macher, Ana B. Vargas, Elvia B. Cabrera, Jose M. Camacho, Rosana Weldon, Katherine Kogut, Nicholas P. Jewell, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Health burdens associated with poor housing and indoor pest infestations are likely to affect young children in particular, who spend most of their time indoors at home. We completed environmental assessments in 644 homes of pregnant Latina women and their children living in the Salinas Valley, California. High residential densities were common, with 39% of homes housing > 1.5 persons per room. Housing disrepair was also common: 58% of homes had peeling paint, 43% had mold, 25% had water damage, and 11% had rotting wood. Evidence of cockroaches and rodents was present in 60% and 32% of homes, respectively. Compared with representative national survey data from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, homes in our sample were more likely to have rodents, peeling paint, leaks under sinks, and much higher residential densities. The odds of rodent infestations in homes increased in the presence of peeling paint [odds ratio (OR) 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.1], water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7), and mold (OR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0-2.1). The odds of cockroach infestation increased in the presence of peeling paint (OR 3.8; 95% CI, 2.7-5.6), water damage (OR 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9), or high residential density (OR 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8). Homes that were less clean than average were more prone to both types of infestations. Pesticides were stored or used in 51% of households, partly to control roach and rodent infestations. These data indicate that adverse housing conditions are common in this community and increase the likelihood of pest infestations and home pesticide use. Interventions to improve housing and promote children's health and safety in this population are needed.
Human leukocyte C1q receptor binds other soluble proteins with collagen domains.
Authors: R Malhotra, S Thiel, K B Reid, R B Sim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

A receptor binding to the C1q subcomponent of complement has been reported by many workers. In this paper we report for the first time that C1q receptor binds not only to C1q, but also to three other structurally similar ligands, namely mannan binding protein (MBP), conglutinin, and lung surfactant protein (SP-A). All these ligands have been reported to enhance removal of species bound to their globular domain from blood (MBP, conglutinin, C1q) or lung (SP-A) through phagocytosis. One of the possible roles for ligand-receptor binding may be initiation of phagocytosis.
Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Trevor J Orchard
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

A review of case series of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) shows an excess frequency of cardiovascular death and probably myocardial infarction. The excess risk is not well quantitated, not clearly associated with poor control of hyperglycemia, and probably not explained by conventional heart disease risk factors. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are not consistently lower in patients with diabetes than in those without diabetes. The relationship of described abnormalities of the coagulation system in diabetes to cardiovascular disease is unknown. Physiologic and pathologic abnormalities are seen in some younger patients without macrovascular disease, but their importance in relation to the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is obscure.
Turning of Retinal Growth Cones in a Netrin-1 Gradient Mediated by the Netrin Receptor DCC
Authors: José R de la Torre, Veit H Höpker, Guo-li Ming, Mu-ming Poo, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Ali Hemmati-Brivanlou, Christine E Holt
Journal: Neuron (1997)
Spatiotemporal Modeling of Ozone Levels in Quebec (Canada): A Comparison of Kriging, Land-Use Regression (LUR), and Combined Bayesian Maximum Entropy–LUR Approaches
Authors: Ariane Adam-Poupart, Allan Brand, Michel Fournier, Michael Jerrett, Audrey Smargiassi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Ambient air ozone (O3) is a pulmonary irritant that has been associated with respiratory health effects including increased lung inflammation and permeability, airway hyperreactivity, respiratory symptoms, and decreased lung function. Estimation of O3 exposure is a complex task because the pollutant exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns. To refine the quality of exposure estimation, various spatiotemporal methods have been developed worldwide.Objectives: We sought to compare the accuracy of three spatiotemporal models to predict summer ground-level O3 in Quebec, Canada.Methods: We developed a land-use mixed-effects regression (LUR) model based on readily available data (air quality and meteorological monitoring data, road networks information, latitude), a Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) model incorporating both O3 monitoring station data and the land-use mixed model outputs (BME-LUR), and a kriging method model based only on available O3 monitoring station data (BME kriging). We performed leave-one-station-out cross-validation and visually assessed the predictive capability of each model by examining the mean temporal and spatial distributions of the average estimated errors.Results: The BME-LUR was the best predictive model (R2 = 0.653) with the lowest root mean-square error (RMSE ;7.06 ppb), followed by the LUR model (R2 = 0.466, RMSE = 8.747) and the BME kriging model (R2 = 0.414, RMSE = 9.164).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that errors of estimation in the interpolation of O3 concentrations with BME can be greatly reduced by incorporating outputs from a LUR model developed with readily available data.Citation: Adam-Poupart A, Brand A, Fournier M, Jerrett M, Smargiassi A. 2014. Spatiotemporal modeling of ozone levels in Quebec (Canada): a comparison of kriging, land-use regression (LUR), and combined Bayesian maximum entropy–LUR approaches. Environ Health Perspect 122:970–976; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306566
Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons in human and animal behavior
Authors: Philippe Soubrié
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1986)

Abstract Animal research suggests that central serotonergic neurons are involved in behavioral suppression, particularly anxiety-related inhibition. The hypothesis linking decreased serotonin transmission to reduced anxiety as the mechanism in the anxiolytic activity of benzodiazepines conflicts with most clinical observations. Serotonin antagonists show no marked capacity to alleviate anxiety. On the other hand, clinical signs of reduced serotonergic transmission (low 5-HIAA levels in the cerebrospinal fluid) are frequently associated with aggressiveness, suicide attempts, and increased anxiety. The target article attempts to reconcile such human and animal findings by investigating whether anxiety reduction or increased impulsivity is more Likely to account for animal behavioral changes associated with decreased serotonergic transmission. The effects of manipulating central serotonin in experimental anxiety paradigms in animals (punishment, extinction, novelty) are reviewed and compared with the effects of antianxiety drugs. Anxiety seems neither necessary nor sufficient to induce control by serotonergic neurons on behavior. Further evidence suggests that behavioral effects of anxiolytics thought to be mediated by decreases in anxiety are not caused by the ability of these drugs to reduce serotonin transmission. Blockade of serotonin transmission, especially at the level of the substantia nigra, results in a shift of behavior toward facilitation of responding. This behavioral shift is particularly marked when there is competition between acting and restraining response tendencies and when obstacles prevent the immediate attainment of an anticipated reward. It is proposed that serotonergic neurons are involved not only in behavioral arousal but also in enabling the organism to arrange or tolerate delay before acting. Decreases in serotonin transmission seem to be associated with the increased performance of behaviors that are usually suppressed, though not necessarily because of the alleviation of anxiety, which might contribute to the suppression.
Doctors as Decision-makers: A Computer-assisted Study of Diagnosis as a Cognitive Skill
Authors: T. R. Taylor, J. Aitchison, E. M. McGirr
Journal: BMJ (1971)

When viewed as a sequence of decisions clinical diagnosis becomes amenable to detailed investigation in terms of standard statistical concepts. A study of six clinicians diagnosing identical sets of cases of non-toxic goitre is used to illustrate an objective technique for studying the diagnostic process with the aid of a digital computer. Considerable variation in clinicians' routes to correct diagnosis is shown when these routes are compared in detail by five statistical measures related to the effective use of the information available to the clinicians. For rapid analysis of diagnostic skill two visual methods are presented. These can be developed for teaching undergraduates the interpretative skills involved in diagnosis and for studying such skills in experienced clinicians.
Synovial amyloid in chronic haemodialysis contains beta 2 microglobulin.
Authors: F E Bruckner, M Burke, R S Pereira, A J Eisinger, M Bending, J Kwan, A K Osman, B Watson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

A case of amyloid arthropathy occurring in a patient receiving long term chronic haemodialysis treatment is reported. He was found to have raised serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2M). and beta 2M was detected in the synovial amyloid deposits.
Bronchial hyperreactivity to distilled water and saline.
Authors: S L Spector
Journal: BMJ (1982)

of staff were able to complete their deliveries and did not subsequently take time off work.No compound fractures were sustained by these persons, although, as suggested by Dr Snook, radiological investigation should be considered following deep limb bites.For those injured, the lower limb was bitten in 70%0 of attacks, the upper limb in 27%, and the trunk in 3%h of attacks.To reduce the number of bitten postal staff, it should be noted that 16 of the 53 upper limb injuries occurred when mail was placed through front- door letter boxes into the expectant jaws beyond.Apparently the tempting sight of intruding digits cannot be resisted.The attacks were otherwise unprovoked.Avoidance may be a learned response: 76% of the staff attacked during these three years were bitten only once.The expression "once bitten, twice shy," therefore has numerical support.
Interferon Alfa Treatment of a Patient with Eosinophilic Cellulitis and HIV Infection
Authors: Ralf Husak, Sergij Goerdt, Constantin E. Orfanos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: In June 1994, a 36-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who was otherwise healthy began to have recurrent swellings of the soft tissue (>20 per month) in va...
Sir James W. Black, MD, FRS
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Black was born in Lanarkshire, a coal mining district of Scotland, on June 14, 1924 and died in London on March 22, 2010.He was the fourth of five sons of a mining engineer and a housewife.His family could not afford to send him to university, but at the age of 15, on the advice of his high school mathematics teacher, he applied for and won a scholarship to nearby St Andrew's University, where, under the influence of an older brother, he attended its medical school.His clinical training in medical school was at University College, which subsequently became the University of Dundee.(Black served as Chancellor of his alma mater later, vide infra.
Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal technique improves oxygenation without causing overinflation.
Authors: F Brunet, J P Mira, M Belghith, M Monchi, B Renaud, L Fierobe, I Hamy, J F Dhainaut, J Dall'ava-Santucci
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Extracorporeal CO2 removal combined with low frequency positive pressure ventilation (ECCO2R-LFPPV) improves gas exchange and decreases peak pressures, respiratory rates, and tidal volumes in animals and in humans. Recent evidence suggests that pulmonary barotrauma results from lung overinflation rather than from high pressures. This study was to test the hypothesis whether ECCO2R-LFPPV could improve gas exchange without causing lung overinflation, despite the use of higher levels of PEEP, when compared with conventional mechanical ventilation. Eleven patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who failed to respond to different modes of mechanical ventilation were treated with ECCO2R-LFPPV. Risk of pulmonary barotrauma was evaluated by static pressure-volume (P-V) curves and dynamic changes in volumes monitored by respiratory inductive plethysmography (Respitrace). ECCO2R-LFPPV PaO2/FIO2 increased from 79 +/- 21 to 207 +/- 108 (p = 0.003). Risk of barotrauma, as shown by the shape of the P-V curve, was present in all patients receiving mechanical ventilation even though most of them were treated with permissive hypoventilation. By contrast, no evidence of persistent lung overinflation could be detected by either static P-V curves or dynamic measurements in nine of 11 patients who were treated by ECCO2R-LFPPV. The two remaining patients had severe airway obstruction because of bleeding, and they remained ventilated with persistent risk of barotrauma. We conclude that ECCO2R-LFPPV improves gas exchange without causing lung overinflation in a majority of patients with ARDS.