tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VLA-4 mediates CD3-dependent CD4+ T cell activation via the CS1 alternatively spliced domain of fibronectin.
Authors: Y Nojima, M J Humphries, A P Mould, A Komoriya, K M Yamada, S F Schlossman, C Morimoto
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We previously showed that fibronectin (FN) synergized with anti-CD3 in induction of CD4+ T cell proliferation, and that VLA-5 acted as a functional FN receptor in a serum-free culture system. In the present study, we showed that VLA-4 is also involved in this CD3-dependent CD4 cell activation through its interaction with the alternatively spliced CS1 domain of FN. When highly purified CD4 cells were cultured on plates coated with anti-CD3 plus synthetic CS1 peptide-IgG conjugate, significant proliferation could be observed. Neither CS1 alone nor anti-CD3 alone induced this activation. This proliferation was completely blocked by anti-VLA beta 1 (4B4) and anti-VLA-4 (8F2), while anti-VLA-5 (monoclonal antibody [mAb] 16 and 2H6) had no effect. These data indicate that VLA-4 mediates CD3-dependent CD4 cell proliferation via the CS1 domain of FN. Anti-VLA-4 also partially (10-40%) inhibited CD4 cell proliferation induced by native FN plus anti-CD3, implying that the CS1 domain is active in the native plasma FN. However, this native FN-dependent proliferation was entirely abolished by addition of anti-VLA-5 alone. Moreover, when native FN-coated plates were pretreated with anti-FN (mAb 333), which blocks RGDS sites but not CS1 sites, no CD4 cell activation could be observed. These results strongly suggest that CD4 cell activation induced by plasma FN/anti-CD3 may be dependent on both VLA4/CS1 and VLA5/RGDS interactions, although the latter interaction may be required for function of the former.
A prospective comparison of triple extrastimuli and left ventricular stimulation in studies of ventricular tachycardia induction.
Authors: F Morady, L DiCarlo, S Winston, J C Davis, M M Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1984)

One hundred and one patients with sustained unimorphic ventricular tachycardia underwent programmed ventricular stimulation with one of two protocols. Fifty patients underwent programmed stimulation with protocol A, which consisted of burst overdrive pacing, single, double, and triple extrastimuli at the right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract, or septum, and then at the left ventricular apex. Fifty-one patients underwent programmed stimulation with protocol B, which consisted of burst overdrive pacing, single and double extrastimuli at the right ventricular apex, right ventricular outflow tract or septum, and at the left ventricular apex, followed by triple extrastimuli at these sites. The stimulation protocol was continued until sustained ventricular tachycardia or rapid, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia greater than 10 sec in duration was induced. With protocol A, clinical and nonclinical ventricular tachycardia was induced in 76% and 36% of patients, respectively; with protocol B, clinical and nonclinical ventricular tachycardia was induced in 85% and 38% of patients, respectively. Direct-current countershock for sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was required in 10% of patients studied under protocol A, compared with in 2% of patients studied under protocol B. With protocol A, near-maximal yield of induced clinical (72%) and nonclinical ventricular tachycardia (30%) was attained after the use of triple extrastimuli at the first stimulation site. The yield of stimulation at a second right ventricular site and of left ventricular stimulation was only an additional 2% each. With protocol B, triple extrastimuli increased the yield of induced clinical ventricular tachycardia from 61% to 85%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
976 RURAL AND URBAN COMMUNITY-BASED HEPATITIS B SCREENING IN THE GAMBIA: ASSESSMENT OF LIVER DISEASE REVEALS A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF ELIGIBLE PATIENTS FOR ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
Authors: M. Lemoine, H. Njai, Y. Shimakawa, M. Taal, T. Corrah, U. D'Alessandro, R. Njie, M. Thursz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Epidemiologic Evidence for Transmission of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Nicholas J. Vianna, Adele K. Polan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To evaluate the possible role of horizontal transmission in Hodgkin's disease, we tested the hypothesis that where a case had occurred in a teacher or student from 1960 through 1970, more than the expected number of additional cases would appear among teachers and students who attended the same school. Two objective epidemiologic approaches (two-time period and index-secondary) were applied. Five of the eight secondary public schools with cases diagnosed during the 1960–1964 time period had other cases diagnosed during the years 1965–1969. In contrast none of the matched control schools had cases in the latter period. Schools with index cases had a significantly higher than expected number of secondary cases. The results of both analyses support the concept that some form of transmission may be important in the occurrence of Hodgkin's disease. (N Engl J Med 289:499–502, 1973)
Spectrum of Different Types of Hypophysitis: A Clinicopathologic Study of Hypophysitis in 31 Cases
Authors: Takashi Tashiro, Toshiaki Sano, Bing Xu, Shingo Wakatsuki, Noriko Kagawa, Hiroshi Nishioka, Shozo Yamada, Kalman Kovacs
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2002)
Hepatic mitochondrial function in ketogenic states. Diabetes, starvation, and after growth hormone administration.
Authors: J P DiMarco, C Hoppel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The study was designed to evaluate hepatic mitochondrial function during ketotic states. The ketogenic models studied were streptozotocin-induced diabetic ketoacidosis, 48 h of starvation, and after growth hormone administration. In the last-mentioned model we observed increased free fatty acids but not ketonemia. Oxidative phosphorylation was measured using the citric acid cycle substrates pyruvate and succinate, the amino acid glutamate, a ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate, and a long-chain fatty acid palmitoyl-l-carnitine. State 3 (ADP stimulated) and state 4 (ADP limited) respiration, respiratory control ratio (state 3/state 4), and the ADP/O ratios were normal in the controls and the experimental groups. Uncoupled respiration produced by dinitrophenol with a variety of substrates was unchanged in the experimental groups compared to the controls. Fatty acid oxidation was studied in detail. The rate of utilization of palmitoyl-l-carnitine by controls or experimental groups did not depend on the product formed (citrate, acetoacetate). No significant changes were observed in the oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA (+ carnitine) or with an intermediate-chain fatty acid hexanoate. The specific activity of hepatic mitochondria carnitine palmitoyltransferase did not change in any of the three experimental groups. It is concluded that during diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation, and growth hormone administration, there is (a) no alteration in hepatic mitochondrial function; (b) no change in the intrinsic capacity of hepatic mitochondria to oxidize fatty acids; and (c) no change in the specific activity of mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase. The mechanism by which the body restrains flux through the mitochondrial oxidative machinery remains to be fully determined.
Abstract 5183: Raster-image-correlation spectroscopy of paxillin-GFP-expressing breast cancer cell in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Atsushi Suetsugu, Michelle Digman, Federica Sabatini, Hisataka Moriwaki, Shigetoyo Saji, Enrico Gratton, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Raster-image-correlation spectroscopy (RICS) is a noninvasive technique to detect and quantify events in the living cell, including concentrations of molecules and their diffusion coefficients. Any cell containing a fluorophore that can be imaged with a laser scanning microscope can be analyzed with RICS. We obtained RICS images with an Olympus FluoView FV1000 confocal microscope using Olympus FluoView software to acquire data and SimFCS software to perform RICS analysis. Paxillin is involved in the assembly of focal adhesions, which was linked to green fluorescent protein (GFP) for the current study. In this study, we describe RICS of paxillin-GFP expression in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in vitro and in vivo. Slow-moving membrane-bound paxillin proteins were measured in live breast cancer cells in vitro. Paxillin-GFP-expressing breast cancer cells (1×106) were injected in the epigastric cranials vein of the nude mouse. Paxillin-GFP-expressing breast cancer cells became attached to the inner vessel wall within 3 hours after injection. Rapidly-moving cytosolic paxillin-GFP molecules were imaged with RICS. With the ability to measure the molecular dynamics of paxillin in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by RICS, we are now capable of studying the role of both slow-moving paxillin in the cell membrane and rapidly-moving cytosolic paxillin in cancer-cell behavior. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5183. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5183
382 Autocrine IL-15 is required for MHC class I-related chain A and B expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells in response to interferon A/B: impairment of interferon-induced IL-15 production in hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: M JINUSHI, T TAKEHARA, T TATSUMI, T MIYAGI, T SUZUKI, T KANTO, N HAYASHI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We have employed a pET-ubiquitin expression system to produce two his-tagged forms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) in Escherichia coli. One derivative contains the full-length protein extended to include a carboxy-terminal hexahistidine tag; the other derivative contains an amino-terminal hexahistidine tag in place of the 32 amino acid amphipathic helix that mediates membrane association. At least 1 mg of each derivative at a purity of 90% could be produced from a 1-L culture. The purified derivatives produced high titer antibody that recognized both p56 and p58 forms of NS5A in Huh-7.5 cells expressing an HCV subgenomic replicon. The NS5A derivatives were efficiently phosphorylated by casein kinase II, leading to at least 5 mol of phosphate incorporated per mole of protein. Interestingly, this level of phosphorylation did not alter the migration of the protein in an SDS–polyacrylamide gel, suggesting that hyperphosphorylation alone is not sufficient to generate the p58 form of NS5A observed in Huh-7 cells. Neither NS5A derivative was capable of inhibiting the eIF2α-phosphorylation activity of the activated form of the double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, PKR, suggesting that NS5A phosphorylation may be required for this function of NS5A. However, both unphosphorylated derivatives were shown to interact with NS5B, the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, in solution by using a novel kinase-protection assay. The availability of purified HCV NS5A will permit rigorous biochemical and biophysical characterization of this protein, ultimately providing insight into the function of this protein during HCV genome replication.
Live Borrelia burgdorferi preferentially activate interleukin-1 beta gene expression and protein synthesis over the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.
Authors: L C Miller, S Isa, E Vannier, K Georgilis, A C Steere, C A Dinarello
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Lyme arthritis is one of the few forms of chronic arthritis in which the cause is known with certainty. Because cytokines are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis, we investigated the effect of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, on the gene expression and synthesis of IL-1 beta and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Live B. burgdorferi induced fivefold more IL-1 beta than IL-1 alpha and sevenfold more IL-1 beta than IL-1ra; LPS or sonicated B. burgdorferi induced similar amounts of all three cytokines. This preferential induction of IL-1 beta was most dramatic in response to a low passage, virulent preparation of B. burgdorferi vs. three high passage avirulent strains. No difference in induction of IL-1ra was seen between these strains. The marked induction of IL-1 beta was partially diminished by heat-treatment and abrogated by sonication; IL-1ra was not affected. This suggested that a membrane component(s) accounted for the preferential induction of IL-1 beta. However, recombinant outer surface protein beta induced little IL-1 beta. By 4 h after stimulation, B. burgdorferi induced sixfold more IL-1 beta protein than LPS. In contrast to LPS-induced IL-1 beta mRNA which reached maximal accumulation after 3 h, B. burgdorferi-induced IL-1 beta mRNA showed biphasic elevations at 3 and 18 h. B. burgdorferi-induced IL-1ra mRNA peaked at 12 h, whereas LPS-induced IL-1ra mRNA peaked at 9 h. IL-1 beta synthesis increased in response to increasing numbers of spirochetes, whereas IL-1ra synthesis did not. The preferential induction by B. burgdorferi of IL-1 beta over IL-1ra is an example of excess agonist over antagonist synthesis induced by a microbial pathogen, and may contribute to the destructive lesion of Lyme arthritis.
Women with raised risk of breast cancer on screening could be given preventive treatment
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors could soon be advising women who have a higher than normal risk of breast cancer about preventive treatments in the same way that they prescribe statins to reduce the risk of heart disease, an international panel of cancer specialists has said.

All women whose risk of getting breast cancer over the next 10 years is 4% above the average should be offered preventive measures and closer monitoring, says the panel in a consensus statement that emerged from a meeting in Switzerland last year ( Lancet Oncology doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(11)70030-4).

The challenge is to quantify the risk. The evidence to date points to density of breast …
Oral polio vaccine. Effect of booster vaccination one to 14 years after primary series
Authors: James W. Bass, Scott B. Halstead, Gerald W. Fischer, John K. Podgore, Robert A. Wiebe
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We studied the persistence of antibody after vaccination and the response to booster revaccination with trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) administered at varied intervals after the primary series in a large group of children. Decline in antibody was related to intervals since last vaccination, and not to sex, age, age at primary vaccination, or type and number of previous administrations. Geometric mean titers of neutralizing antibody were 11.3 for type 1 and 8.0 for types 2 and 3 poliovirus when vaccine had been given within the previous year, declining to 3.2, 3.0, and 2.1 for types 1, 2, and 3 after nine years. Most children with an initial titer of 4 or less responded to revaccination with a fourfold or greater increase in titer of IgG. Geometric mean titers for all three types of polio dropped to this level when last TOPV administration had been five to six years or more. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2252-2255, 1978)
An Oscillatory Switch in mTOR Kinase Activity Sets Regulatory T Cell Responsiveness
Authors: Claudio Procaccini, Veronica De Rosa, Mario Galgani, Luisa Abanni, Gaetano Calì, Antonio Porcellini, Fortunata Carbone, Silvia Fontana, Tamas L. Horvath, Antonio La Cava, Giuseppe Matarese
Journal: Immunity (2010)
CD4 Lymphocyte Concentrations in Patients With Newly Identified HIV Infection Attending STD Clinics
Authors: Catherine M. Hutchinson, Cara Wilson, Cindy A. Reichart, Vincent C. Marsiglia, Jonathan M. Zenilman, Edward W. Hook
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Since January 1990, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients attending two sexually transmitted disease clinics in Baltimore, Md, have been offered T-lymphocyte subset evaluations. From January through September, CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocyte concentrations were measured in 223 newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients; 50% had fewer than 500 CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells and 12% had fewer than 200 CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells per cubic millimeter. Most patients were asymptomatic, and, even among patients with fewer than 200 CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells, 54% had no symptoms or signs suggestive of advanced HIV infection. Homosexually active men had significantly lower mean CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocyte concentrations than intravenous drug users. Given the substantial numbers of patients with CD4<sup>+</sup>concentrations that qualified them for zidovudine therapy, we also assessed their mechanisms of paying for health care. Only 24% of HIV-infected patients had private insurance. Seventy-two percent of patients with fewer than 200 CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells either had no insurance or relied on public assistance for health care. Thus, although 50% of asymptomatic individuals identified by routine voluntary HIV screening in an inner-city sexually transmitted disease clinic may benefit from therapy for their disease, 75% of those qualifying for presently recommended therapy either depend on publicly funded health care or have no means of payment for care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:253-256)
Clinical implications of ST-segment non-resolution after thrombolysis for myocardial infarction
Authors: L Bhatia, G J Clesham, D R Turner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Failed reperfusion after thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction is common and signifies a poor prognosis. We investigated the clinical consequences of non-resolution of the ST segment after thrombolytic therapy for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, in 85 consecutive patients admitted to a coronary care unit lacking rapid access to angioplasty. Failed thrombolysis was defined as <50% ST-segment resolution 180 minutes after the start of thrombolytic treatment. Outcomes were measured in terms of in-hospital adverse events, length of hospital stay, and mortality at 6 weeks and 1 year. Thrombolysis was successful, in terms of ST-segment resolution, in 45 patients (53%). After adjustment for other factors, ST resolution was the only independent predictor of an uncomplicated recovery in hospital (odds ratio 6.8, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 19.9; P < 0.001). At 6 weeks and 1 year, overall mortality was lower in the ST resolution group, though these differences became non-significant on multivariate analysis. In patients who survived to hospital discharge, median length of stay was greater in successfully thrombolysed patients (9 days versus 8 days) despite their lower rate of complications. ST-segment resolution is a useful marker of successful thrombolysis and relates to clinical outcome. If assessed routinely it might assist, along with other clinical markers, in the identification of low-risk patients who can be discharged early.
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase Activity After Intramuscular Injection
Authors: Frederick R. Sidell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Solutions of two compounds, pralidoxime chloride and sodium chloride, were given intramuscularly to normal human subjects. The ensuing increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in the blood was directly related to the concentration and osmolarity of the injected solution when the volume was kept constant, and directly related to the volume when the concentration or osmolarity was kept constant. These findings suggest that the diluent may make a significant contribution to the increase in CPK observed after intramuscular administration of drugs. (<i>JAMA</i>229:1894-1897, 1974)
EVIDENCE OF INCREASED PLATELET REACTIVITY IN THE FIRST SIX MONTHS AFTER ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Gaetano A. Lanza, Giancarla Scalone, Irma Battipaglia, Lucy Barone, Ilaria Coviello, Maria Milo, Marianna Laurito, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effects of Normal Blood Pressure, Prehypertension, and Hypertension on Coronary Microvascular Function
Authors: Dogan Erdogan, Ibrahim Yildirim, Ozgur Ciftci, Ismail Ozer, Mustafa Caliskan, Hakan Gullu, Haldun Muderrisoglu
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR) by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography has recently been introduced into clinical practice, and reduced CFR has been suggested to be a sensitive indicator of hypertensive end-organ damage; however, to date, this methodology has not been used to evaluate CFR in subjects with prehypertension. Accordingly, the present study was designed to evaluate CFR in subjects with prehypertension.We measured CFR of 40 subjects with prehypertension, 60 patients with hypertension, and 50 normotensive healthy volunteers using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. None of the subjects had any systemic disease. Age, gender, body mass index, heart rate, lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels, and hemoglobin were similar among the 3 groups. CFR was significantly lower in the hypertension group than in the prehypertension and control groups; in addition, it was significantly lower in subjects with prehypertension than in control subjects (2.23+/-0.47, 2.54+/-0.48, and 2.91+/-0.53, respectively). Furthermore, we found that prehypertension (beta=-0.31, P<0.01) and hypertension (beta=-0.57, P<0.01) were significant predictors of lower CFR in a multivariable model that adjusted for other variables. CFR was significantly and inversely correlated with age (r=-0.20, P=0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.51, P<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.47, P<0.01), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (r=-0.21, P=0.01), left atrium diameter (r=-0.22, P<0.01), mitral E deceleration time (r=-0.19, P=0.02), and mitral A velocity (r=-0.27, P<0.01), whereas mitral E/A ratio was significantly and positively correlated with CFR (r=0.26, P<0.01).CFR is impaired in subjects with prehypertension, but this impairment is not as severe as that in hypertension.
The Indirect Method of Recording Blood Pressure
Authors: E. B. Raftery, A. P. Ward
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article The Indirect Method of Recording Blood Pressure Get access E. B. Raftery, E. B. Raftery * From the Royal Postgraduate Medical School and Hammersmith Hospital, and St. Mary's Hospital, London * Present address: King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, S.E.5. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. P. Ward A. P. Ward From the Royal Postgraduate Medical School and Hammersmith Hospital, and St. Mary's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 2, April 1968, Pages 210–218, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.2.210 Published: 01 April 1968 Article history Received: 24 May 1967 Published: 01 April 1968