tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PLAQUE ASSESSMENT WITH A NOVEL HIGH–DEFINITION 60–MHZ IVUS IMAGING SYSTEM: COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL 40 MHZ IVUS AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Shigemitsu Tanaka, Kenji Sakamoto, Ryotaro Yamada, Kaori Nakagawa, Paul G. Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Fumiaki Ikeno, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Intestinal Absorption of Sodium and Nitric OxideDependent Vasodilation Interact to Dominate Resting Vascular Resistance
Authors: H. Glenn Bohlen, Julia M. Lash
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract The villi of the small intestine maintain a hypertonic interstitium at all times, and the submucosal glands constantly secrete ions and accompanying water into the lumen. Generation of the 400- to 600-mOsm interstitial fluid in the villus and secretion by glands may require a large expenditure of energy and, consequently, have major effects on intestinal vascular regulation to supply oxygen and nutrients. Blood flow and oxygen consumption were measured in the ileum of anesthetized rats during natural resting conditions with physiological sodium chloride in the bathing fluid and during isosmotic replacement of sodium chloride with mannitol. Microvascular pressures and blood flow were used to determine the changes in resistance of the major arterioles and the terminal vasculature. When mannitol replaced sodium chloride in contact with the villi, intestinal blood flow decreased to 58.6±2.8% of control, and oxygen consumption was 54.2±3.4% of control. Resistance of the major arterioles increased 101.7±9.9%, and that of the terminal vasculature increased 40.4±6.2%. The increased resistance appeared to be caused by suppression of a nitric oxide mechanism. Local application of 10 −4 mol/L N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester caused about the same reduction in flow and increases in regional vascular resistance as during replacement of sodium but did not alter the oxygen consumption. These data indicate that about half of the intestinal metabolic rate during natural resting conditions is devoted to sodium secretion/absorption. Large resistance vessels are dilated to maintain a high blood flow through release of nitric oxide. We propose that dilation of the terminal vasculature in the metabolically active tissues increased flow velocity sufficiently in the major resistance vessels to cause a flow-mediated release of nitric oxide.
Walter Redisch, MD, 94
Authors: Nicholas Towasser
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highest attainable standard of health is a human right
Authors: Peter Hall
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Since my editorial explaining how the denial of failed asylum seekers' access to free hospital care violates their fundamental human rights was published, there has been a deafening silence from the BMA.1 Yet the BMA has a proud record of promoting human rights—its website claims that “Action by medical associations ... to ensure that resources [reach] the most vulnerable populations, …
Muscle Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: George C. Tsokos
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Of 228 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to our inpatient service during a 6.5-year period, 18 (8%) had prominent muscle disease. In the majority of these patients, myositis occurred at the time of diagnosis of SLE. The creatine phosphokinase level was normal in all but one of these patients; however, the serum aldolase level was frequently elevated. All patients responded promptly to corticosteroid treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:766-768)
Preformed albumin corona, a protective coating for nanoparticles based drug delivery system
Authors: Qiang Peng, Shu Zhang, Qin Yang, Ting Zhang, Xue-Qin Wei, Li Jiang, Chao-Liang Zhang, Qian-Ming Chen, Zhi-Rong Zhang, Yun-Feng Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Plasma Digoxin Concentration in Children with Heart Failure
Authors: J. E. Cree, D. J. Coltart, M. R. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A dosage schedule for digoxin medication is presented which has proved effective and safe in children of different ages with heart failure due to a variety of cardiac conditions. The plasma digoxin concentrations during maintenance therapy, using this schedule, agree closely with previously reported therapeutic adult plasma concentrations, though the results do not exclude the efficiency and safety of higher doses. A twice-daily dosage regimen is suggested.
THE ROLE OF THE RADIOLOGIST IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Steven E. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The diagnostic radiologist is a clinical consultant who is expected to help the referring physician help his patients. How is this best accomplished? In a recent paper,<sup>1</sup>Dr. Max Ritvo of Boston discussed this topic in what amounted to a whirlwind tour of diagnostic radiology, its past, its present, its accomplishments, its future. Accomplishments were emphasized. If there is some truth in the playful but painful confession we make to our students at graduation time, that about half of what we taught them is untrue—but we cannot tell which half—Dr. Ritvo was charitably silent about it. But he also discussed some of the limitations of roentgen diagnosis. Ordinarily, little is said about this, yet knowledge of the limitations of one's method is important knowledge. Owen H. Wangensteen once wrote that "the limitation of a method constitutes no reflection upon its user, save in so far as he fails to
The Pulmonary-Alveolar Macrophage
Authors: William G. Hocking, David W. Golde
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

(First of Two Parts)THE pulmonary-alveolar macrophage (PAM) is the resident mononuclear phagocyte of the lung and functions as the primary defense against inhaled particulate matter.1 , 2 The study of these cells in animals became practical in 1961 when Myrvik and his coworkers described a procedure to obtain rabbit PAMs by lung washings.3 Subsequently, the development of the bronchopulmonary-lavage technic in man4 has permitted the retrieval of human PAMs. The recent widespread application of fiberoptic bronchoscopy has allowed the routine recovery of alveolar macrophages in many diseases. These technical advances have aided in the intensive study of both human and animal . . .
Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Suppressed Plasma Renin Activity and Aldosteronopenia Induced by Ingestion of Licorice.
Authors: David R. Rovner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Hypertension, Hypokalemia, Suppressed Plasma Renin Activity and Aldosteronopenia Induced by Ingestion of Licorice.David R. Rovner, M.D., F.A.C.P., Jerome W. Conn, M.D., F.A.C.P., Edwin L. Cohen, M.D.David R. Rovner, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Jerome W. Conn, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Edwin L. Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1061_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptGlycyrrhizic acid is a potent sodium-retaining substance existing in high concentration in licorice extract. Previous reports from this laboratory have documented the great sodium retention and potassium diuresis that follow administration of ammonium glycyrrhizate to normal subjects. More recently, we have suggested that plasma renin activity (PRA) should be suppressed by ingestion of excessive amounts of licorice.A 58-year-old hypertensive man was admitted for study because of severe muscular weakness of 48 hr duration. Serum sodium was 148 mEq/liter, serum potassium, 1.6 mEq/liter, and urinary protein, 2.2 g/day. He had ingested two to three 36-g licorice candy bars per day... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1061-1061KeywordsAttentionHypertensionIngestionMuscular weaknessPlasma renin activityPotassiumResearch laboratoriesSerum proteinsSodium Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mutagenesis testing program.
Authors: L R Valcovic
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Until recently, mutagenicity testing was done on preselected compounds in a manner in which the testing laboratories knew the identity of the substances under test and the "expected" results, i.e., positive for compounds selected because of their carcinogenicity and negative for food additives. There is no completed study in which substances were tested blind using a standardized protocol. Also, little attention has been placed on reproducibility and variability within and between laboratories. These aspects are currently under investigation in microbial systems by NCI but the results will not be available 1-2 years. In the NIEHS testing program a large number of substances will be tested in a blind study. At present we suggest use of a short-term testing system consisting of microbial tests plus mammalian activation systems (Tier 1), two different Drosophila systems (Tier 2) and four different whole animal systems (Tier 3). The compounds will initially be screened for mutagenicity in Tier 1, and the results obtained in Tier 1 together with what is known about the compound otherwise will dictate the decision whether to continue the test of the compound in Tier 2 and Tier 3.
The Antitumor Enediyne C-1027 Alters Cell Cycle Progression and Induces Chromosomal Aberrations and Telomere Dysfunction
Authors: Mary M. McHugh, Loretta S. Gawron, Sei-Ichi Matsui, Terry A. Beerman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract This study examined the extent of chromosome instability induced in cultured human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells by the antitumor radiomimetic enediyne antibiotic C-1027. Spectral karyotype analysis showed frequent intrachromosomal fusions and fragmentations 26 hours after addition of as little as 0.035 nmol/L C-1027. When the concentration was increased to 0.14 nmol/L C-1027, 92% of cells showed chromosomal aberrations compared with only 2.9% after treatment with an equivalent growth inhibitory dose of ionizing radiation (20 Gy). Thus, chromosome misrejoining was associated to a much greater extent with C-1027–induced than with ionizing radiation–induced cell growth inhibition. Despite these aberrations, a large fraction of C-1027–treated cells progressed into G1. Comet analysis showed that these extensive chromosomal anomalies were not due to increased induction or reduced repair of C-1027–induced compared with ionizing radiation–induced strand breaks. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that misrejoining of telomere repeats (i.e., chromosomes joined end to end at their telomeres or fused together after complete loss of telomere sequences) was observed within 26 hours of C-1027 addition. The extreme cytotoxicity of C-1027 may reflect both induction and erroneous repair of DNA double-strand break in the whole genome and/or in subgenomic targets such as telomere sequences.
Small bowel perforation due to a Christmas cake decoration.
Authors: E S Kiff, N Hulton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Background and Objectives:</h3> Neurofilament light (NfL) appears a promising fluid biomarker in repeat-expansion spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), with piloting studies in mixed SCA cohorts suggesting that NfL might be increased at the ataxic stage of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). We here hypothesised that NfL is increased not only at the ataxic stage of SCA1, but also at its – likely most treatment-relevant – preataxic stage. <h3>Methods:</h3> We assessed serum (sNfL) and cerebrospinal fluid (cNfL) levels of NfL in both preataxic and ataxic SCA1, leveraging a multicentric cohort recruited at six European university centres, and clinical follow-up data including actually observed (rather than only predicted) conversion to the ataxic stage. Levels of sNfL and cNfL were assessed by Single molecule array (Simoa) and ELISA technique, respectively. <h3>Results:</h3> 40 SCA1 subjects (23 preataxic, 17 ataxic) and 89 controls were enrolled, including 11 preataxic subjects converting to the ataxic stage. sNfL levels were increased at the preataxic (15.5 pg/ml (10.5-21.1), median and interquartile range) and ataxic stage (31.6 pg/ml (26.2-37.7) compared to controls (6.0 pg/ml (4.7-8.6)), yielding high age-corrected effect sizes (preataxic: r=0.62, ataxic: r=0.63). sNfL increases were paralleled by increases of cNfL both at the preataxic and ataxic stage. In preataxic subjects, sNfL levels increased with proximity to <i>predicted</i> ataxia onset, with significant sNfL elevations already 5 years before onset, and confirmed in preataxic subjects with <i>actually observed</i> ataxia onset. sNfL increases were detected already in preataxic SCA1 subjects without volumetric atrophy of cerebellum or pons, suggesting that sNfL might be more sensitive to early preataxic neurodegeneration than the currently known most change-sensitive regions in volumetric MRI. Using longitudinal sNfL measurements, we estimated sample sizes for clinical trials using the reduction of sNfL as endpoint. <h3>Discussion:</h3> sNfL levels might thus provide easily accessible peripheral biomarkers in both preataxic and ataxic SCA1, allowing stratification of preataxic subjects regarding proximity-to-onset, early detection of neurodegeneration even before volumetric MRI alterations, and potentially capture of treatment response in clinical trials. <h3>Classification of Evidence:</h3> This study provides Class III evidence that NfL levels are increased in both ataxic and preataxic SCA1 and are associated with ataxia onset.
Prevalence of Polyneuropathy in Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Is Associated With Abdominal Obesity and Macroangiopathy
Authors: Dan Ziegler, Wolfgang Rathmann, Thorsten Dickhaus, Christa Meisinger, Andreas Mielck
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

It is controversial whether there is a glycemic threshold above which polyneuropathy develops and which are the most important factors associated with polyneuropathy in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of polyneuropathy in subjects with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Subjects with diabetes (n = 195) and control subjects matched for age and sex (n = 198) from the population-based MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases)/KORA (Cooperative Research in the Region of Augsburg) Augsburg Surveys 1989/1990 (S2) and 1994/1995 (S3) aged 25-74 years were contacted again and assessed in 1997/1998 by the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument using a score cut point >2. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in the control subjects.Among the control subjects, 46 (23.2%) had IGT, 71 (35.9%) had IFG, and 81 had NGT. The prevalence of polyneuropathy was 28.0% in the diabetic subjects, 13.0% in those with IGT, 11.3% in those with IFG, and 7.4% in those with NGT (P <or= 0.05 for diabetes vs. NGT, IFG, and IGT). In the entire population studied (n = 393), age, waist circumference, and diabetes were independent factors significantly associated with polyneuropathy, whereas in the diabetic group polyneuropathy was associated with age, waist circumference, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) (all P < 0.05).The prevalence of polyneuropathy is slightly increased in individuals with IGT and IFG compared with those with NGT. The association with waist circumference and PAD suggests that the latter and abdominal obesity may constitute important targets for strategies to prevent diabetic polyneuropathy.
Novel Forms of Lipodystrophy
Authors: Kristina I. Rother, Rebecca J. Brown
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of conditions in which individuals never develop or progressively lose adipose tissue in parts or all of their bodies (1,2) (Table 1). In this commentary, we will make the case that 1 ) defining lipodystrophy is a work in progress; 2 ) not all forms of lipodystrophy are very rare; 3 ) lipodystrophy and obesity can occur simultaneously and their metabolic consequences are similar and possibly synergistic; 4 ) leptin treatment can have impressive therapeutic effects; and 5 ) these conditions provide useful paradigms to explore the role of the adipose tissue on metabolic homeostasis and to investigate pathways leading from distinct genetic mutations to very different clinical phenotypes.

View this table:

Table 1 
Phenotypic characterization of lipodystrophy subtypes with inclusion of genotype (if available)



What is lipodystrophy? A recent consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists acknowledges the difficulty in determining quantitative criteria and concludes that “lipodystrophy is a condition characterized by regional or total loss or absence of subcutaneous fat. This can occur either in the presence or absence of metabolic abnormalities, and with diverse clinical presentations. While generalized forms of lipodystrophy are often diagnosed during childhood or adolescence, some forms of lipodystrophy, particularly familial partial lipodystrophy, may bear some resemblance to common metabolic disorders managed by adult endocrinologists” (3). There are no specific cutoff levels for percent body fat or leptin concentrations, and it often requires time and long-term follow-up to confirm the diagnosis.

Much progress has been made in identifying the genetic etiologies of many lipodystrophy forms (1). How missing or abnormal gene products prevent adipocyte development or cause disappearance of adipose tissue in distinct regions of the human body, however, remains mostly unknown. An excellent example is familial partial lipodystrophy or Dunnigan syndrome, in which numerous mutations of the LMNA gene have been found. LMNA is …
Public-Health Aspects of the Virus Encephalitides
Authors: John C. Ayres, Roy F. Feemster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

VIRUS encephalitides are best discussed in three groups: virus encephalitides caused by familiar viruses not ordinarily encephalitogenic; suspected, primary virus infections; and primary virus infections.Virus encephalitides can be caused by ordinarily nonencephalitigenic viruses, which are those of herpes simplex, measles, lymphogranuloma venereum, mumps and infectious mononucleosis (probably due to a virus). Although secondary or post-infectious encephalitis has not as yet been shown to be caused by a virus, the illness occurs within a few days to a few weeks after various virus infections, such as measles, mumps, influenza, chicken pox, vaccinia, smallpox and infectious hepatitis and after vaccination against . . .
Does Restricting Pack Size of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Reduce Suicides?
Authors: Nicholas A Buckley, David Gunnell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Public health interventions are usually implemented without any attempt to prospectively evaluate them with an experimental research design. Thus the only way to evaluate the outcome of the intervention is to describe what happened before and after its implementation. In a new study published in PLoS Medicine, Morgan et al. have examined the change in deaths attributed to paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning in England and Wales in the six years before and after a legislated reduction in the maximum pack size [1]. The average number of deaths preceding the regulation was 212/year and afterwards it fell to an average of 154/year (see Figure 1 and Table 1 in [1]). Therefore, readers could be forgiven for being puzzled that the authors have declared that they found little evidence to suggest that the regulations caused the reduction.

The authors did show statistically significant changes in deaths attributed to paracetamol poisoning after the legislation compared to the preceding six years before the legislation (Table 2 in [1]). But they also assessed whether the observed changes over time were unique to paracetamol. They compared the changes against the number of poisoning deaths involving compound paracetamol (not covered by the regulations), aspirin, antidepressants, and against the number of non-poisoning suicide deaths, over the same time period. It is the lack of statistically significant and consistent changes in the relative rates of deaths for paracetamol versus coincidental changes for other drugs (Table 4 in [1]) that lead the authors to conclude that the regulations may have had no effect.
SIMPLE GOITER AND ITS PREVENTION
Authors: DAVID MARINE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

One may divide the enlargements of the thyroid due to disturbance of function into two groups: Thyroid insufficiencies: Simple goiter (endemic, epidemic, sporadic). Myxedema. Infatile (cretinism). Adult (Gull's disease). Exophthalmic goiter: Graves' disease. Hyperthyroidism. Thyrotoxicosis. There is no essential relationship between the two groups, as is shown by the fact that the lower animals are as susceptible to simple goiter as man, and simple goiter can be readily produced experimentally in both man and animals; while exophthalmic goiter does not occur in the lower animals and it has not been produced experimentally. Simple goiter is the manifestation of a deficiency disease depending on a relative or absolute deficiency of iodine, while exophthalmic goiter seems to be primarily a disease of the nervous system and more particularly of the visceral nervous system. Simple goiter includes those enlargements of the thyroid gland in man and animals which were formerly designated endemic, epidemic, sporadic, physiologic,
Analysis of clinical judgment helps to improve agreement in the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J R Kirwan, C G Barnes, P G Davies, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Experienced rheumatologists differ widely in their assessments of rheumatoid arthritis even after extensive efforts to improve agreement by discussion and consensus. The use of computer feedback to provide an analysis of clinicians9 judgment policies in a highly structured investigation has been shown to improve agreement, but this may not apply in normal clinical practice. Here the successful convergence of clinical agreements by three rheumatologists using computer assisted feedback over several months in a National Health Service outpatient department is reported. In the three months without feedback their pooled agreement for assessing the severity of rheumatoid arthritis was r2 = 0.62. During the three months in which feedback was provided agreement rose to r2 = 0.92. The principal component of all three judgment policies at the end of the feedback period was 9articular index9.