tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clothing reduces the sun protection factor of sunscreens
Authors: D.M. Beyer, A. Faurschou, M. Haedersdal, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Individuals are recommended to wait for 20 min following sunscreen application before dressing. However, this is probably seldom done in daily life, and therefore we investigated how dressing earlier than 20 min after application affected the sun protection factor (SPF).To determine the SPF of a sunscreen applied at different amounts at 4, 8 and 20 min before dressing.An organic sunscreen was used on the backs of 22 healthy volunteers. Before SPF testing, participants wore a cotton T-shirt for 60 min after the test areas had been uncovered for 4, 8 or 20 min after sunscreen application. The SPF was also tested on unclothed skin.The median SPF was 11.7 (2 mg cm(-2)), 5.7 (1 mg cm(-2)) and 3.3 (0.5 mg cm(-2)) for unclothed skin, and 8.1 (2 mg cm(-2)), 4.8 (1 mg cm(-2)) and 2.2 (0.5 mg cm(-2)) following an interval of 8 min before dressing. The SPF was similar for time intervals of 20 and 8 min when the amount was 1 mg cm(-2) (P = 0.48) and 2 mg cm(-2) (P = 0.56). For 0.5 mg cm(-2) there was no difference between skin clothed after 20 min and unclothed skin (P = 0.19), nor between skin clothed after 4 min and after 8 min (P = 0.28).When sunscreens are applied at amounts of 1 and 2 mg cm(-2) the time between sunscreen application and dressing can be as little as 8 min. When less sunscreen is used the SPF is insensitive to the length of time between application and dressing.
Enhancement of immune response towards non-lipidized Borrelia burgdorferi recombinant OspC antigen by binding onto the surface of metallochelating nanoliposomes with entrapped lipophilic derivatives of norAbuMDP
Authors: Michal Křupka, Josef Mašek, Eliška Bartheldyová, Pavlína Turánek Knötigová, Jana Plocková, Zina Korvasová, Michaela Škrabalová, Štěpán Koudelka, Pavel Kulich, Kateřina Zachová, Lýdie Czerneková, Ondřej Strouhal, Milada Horynová, Marek Šebela, Andrew D. Miller, Miroslav Ledvina, Milan Raška, Jaroslav Turánek
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Long‐term follow‐up of European APL 2000 trial, evaluating the role of cytarabine combined with ATRA and Daunorubicin in the treatment of nonelderly APL patients
Authors: Lionel Adès, Sylvie Chevret, Emmanuel Raffoux, Agnes Guerci‐Bresler, Arnaud Pigneux, Nobert Vey, Thierry Lamy, Francoise Huguet, Anne Vekhoff, Jean‐Francois Lambert, Bruno Lioure, Stephane de Botton, Erick Deconinck, Augustin Ferrant, Xavier Thomas, Bruno Quesnel, Bruno Cassinat, Christine Chomienne, Hervé Dombret, Laurent Degos, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined to anthracycline-based chemotherapy is the reference treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Whereas, in high-risk patients, cytarabine (AraC) is often considered useful in combination with anthracycline to prevent relapse, its usefulness in standard-risk APL is uncertain. In APL 2000 trial, patients with standard-risk APL [i.e., with baseline white blood cell (WBC) count <10,000/mm(3) ] were randomized between treatment with ATRA with Daunorubicin (DNR) and AraC (AraC group) and ATRA with DNR but without AraC (no AraC group). All patients subsequently received combined maintenance treatment. The trial had been prematurely terminated due to significantly more relapses in the no AraC group (J Clin Oncol, (24) 2006, 5703-10), but follow-up was still relatively short. With long-term follow-up (median 103 months), the 7-year cumulative incidence of relapses was 28.6% in the no AraC group, compared to 12.9% in the AraC group (P = 0.0065). In standard-risk APL, at least when the anthracycline used is DNR, avoiding AraC may lead to an increased risk of relapse suggesting that the need for AraC is regimen-dependent.
Impact of Infections and Antibiotic Use on Medical Care
Authors: CALVIN M. KUNIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Editorials1 November 1978Impact of Infections and Antibiotic Use on Medical CareCALVIN M. KUNIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.CALVIN M. KUNIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-716 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptInfectious diseases should be well under control in this country. Major improvements in sanitation, nutrition, immunization, and surgical asepsis were achieved in the first half of this century. Antibiotics were rapidly introduced after the Second World War, and new vaccines were developed against poliomyelitis, measles, and rubella and, most recently, for prevention of pneumococcal infections. Many new antibiotics will be introduced in the near future. Vaccines are likely to be available for viral hepatitis and possibly gonorrhea. Mortality due to tuberculosis has dropped to its lowest point in history. Given these achievements, all that appears to be needed is prudent...References1. : Factbook '76. Washington, D.C., 1976, p. 34 Google Scholar2. : National Health Survey, Series 10, No. 108. Washington, D.C., 1977 Google Scholar3. KOMAROFF A: The PSRO, quality-assurance blues (editorial). N Engl J Med 298:1194-1196, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CALVIN M. KUNIN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Medical Service of the William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital Madison, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLess Is More: Norwegian Drug Regulation, Antibiotic Policy, and the “Need Clause”Educational antibiotic advertisingSilicon Carbide, SiCAntimicrobial Drugs and Infections in Ambulatory Patients: Some Problems and Perspectives 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 716-717KeywordsAntibioticsInfectious disease controlInfectious diseasesMeaslesMortalityNutritionPoliomyelitisRubellaSanitationVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
JARISCH-HERXHEIMER REACTION FOLLOWING PENICILLIN THERAPY IN CASE OF SYPHILITIC AORTITIS
Authors: John M. Butterly
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Penicillin has been widely employed in the therapy of cardiovascular syphilis during the past five years, and yet the occurrence of serious Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions remains controversial. Dolkart and Schwemlein<sup>1</sup>report two cases in which anginal episodes occurred in the course of penicillin treatment of cardiovascular syphilis. One occurred after 20,000 units had been administered in two doses of 10,000 units each in two days, the other on the fourth day after the administration of 700,000 units. The first case was complicated by rheumatic heart disease, and the second had had previous bouts of precordial pain. Use of penicillin was discontinued in both, but the assumption that these symptoms were produced by Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions due to penicillin is a tenuous one. Diefenbach<sup>2</sup>reports a case of fatal Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction with sudden aneurysmal dilatation of the arch and descending aorta and consequent complete left bronchial occlusion in a Negro man,
Government adviser argues for risk register of NHS changes to be kept private
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Publishing the documents in which officials warn about what could go wrong with the government’s changes to the NHS in England would lead to a “wildly speculative” assessment of risks and seriously damage the quality of advice given to ministers, the permanent secretary of the Department of Health told the Information Rights Tribunal on 6 March.

Una O’Brien was giving evidence in the department’s appeal against the information commissioner’s decision that it must disclose the strategic and transitional risk registers outlining potential dangers of the reforms outlined in the Health and Social Care Bill.

The commissioner, Christopher Graham, ruled last November that the government should have complied with requests made under the Freedom of Information Act …
Effects of nedocromil sodium in the treatment of non-allergic subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: J W de Jong, D S Postma, T W van der Mark, G H Koeter
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Nedocromil sodium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is effective in the treatment of asthma. Its efficacy in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been investigated. METHODS--Fifty four non-allergic patients with COPD were randomised to 10 weeks of treatment with placebo or nedocromil sodium (4 x 8 mg/day) in a double blind study. RESULTS--Nedocromil sodium treatment had no effect on airway responsiveness to histamine, methacholine, and adenosine-59-monophosphate, pulmonary function, and symptom scores. Both patients and clinicians favoured treatment with nedocromil sodium, however, and the number of dropouts (because of exacerbations) was fewer during treatment with the drug. CONCLUSIONS--Longer trials will be necessary to assess if nedocromil sodium can reduce the frequency of exacerbations and the decrease in pulmonary function, eventually leading to a better quality of life in patients with COPD.
"TOMATO LEAVES AND DERMATITIS"
Authors: Jacques Holinger
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Oct. 5, 1918, Dr. E. S. Lain of Oklahoma has a paper on "Dermatitis Lycopersicum Esculentum (Tomato Plant)." He calls the tomato "one of our most<i>harmless</i>and luscious vegetables." A few years ago there appeared in the<i>Correspondenz-Blatt für schweizer Aerzte</i>an observation of several cases of hematuria following the eating of tomatoes. Dr. Lain cites authors who attribute the dermatitis to individual susceptibility and even "anaphylactic reaction of a sensitized person." Is there not another possibility that would at the same time explain the cases of hematuria? The doctor says that the tomato belongs to the<i>Solanaceae</i>, nightshades, and mentions several other representatives of this group. But he forgot the most important one, the<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>, the potato. This, too, contains a poison in the eyes of the tuber that is removed in boiling. Every farmer knows how sensitive the potatoes are
Tuberculosis in the 1990s
Authors: Peter F. Barnes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To summarize major recent developments in tuberculosis and current approaches to its treatment and prevention. Data Identification: Articles published since 1987 that addressed important issues in tuberculosis were identified by searching the MEDLINE database and bibliographies of relevant articles. Study Selection: One hundred one references were selected that were judged by the authors to contain information most relevant to practicing internists. Results: Recent increases in tuberculosis morbidity in the United States are concentrated in racial and ethnic minorities, the foreign-born, and persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Amplification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA by polymerase chain reaction allows rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis, and DNA fingerprinting of individual M. tuberculosis strains allows delineation of patterns of tuberculosis transmission. These techniques are available in research laboratories and are promising clinical tools for the future. Treatment regimens for drug-susceptible tuberculosis yield cure rates of more than 95%. Failure to ensure compliance with antituberculosis medications has resulted in an increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis that responds poorly to therapy. Guidelines for isoniazid chemoprophylaxis have been modified in the past 5 years and are summarized. Conclusion: Control of tuberculosis in the United States will require improved implementation of established techniques to diagnose, treat, and prevent tuberculosis, with renewed emphasis on ensuring compliance with therapy.
Neutrophils phagocytose activated platelets in vivo: a phosphatidylserine, P-selectin, and β2 integrin–dependent cell clearance program
Authors: Norma Maugeri, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Virgilio Evangelista, Cesare Covino, Annalisa Capobianco, Maria T. S. Bertilaccio, Antonio Piccoli, Licia Totani, Domenico Cianflone, Attilio Maseri, Angelo A. Manfredi
Journal: Blood (2009)
An atypical acidophil cell line tumor showing focal differentiation toward both growth hormone and prolactin cells
Authors: Heiji Naritaka, Toru Kameya, Yuichi Sato, Shigeru Furuhata, Junichi Okui, Yuji Kamiguchi, Mitsuhiro Otani, Shigeo Toya
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1995)
On Sick-Headache
Authors: P. W. Latham
Journal: BMJ (1873)

vent of erysipelas may be welcomed as an encouragement to the hope of escape fromii mischief which is far worse.There can be no doubt, from clinical observation and actual experi- ment, that the blood may thus be poisoned by matter of various kinds.And although these various substances belong to the same class-being organic, are formed probably in the same way, are alike in their larger characters, and are capable, when they gain entrance into the blood, of exciting disease of the same nature, called blood-poisoning'; yet these several substances possess, within their larger characters, certain individual peculiarities which are revealed in the extent and kind of changes they provoke ; in the degree to which the blood itself is obviously affected ; in the form of local mischief which ensues, even in some measure to the particular organs which are thus more promi- nently involved; and, lastly, though not least, in the proportion of the local mischief to the constitutional infection.
Hypothalamic Dysfunction in Secondary Amenorrhea Associated with Simple Weight Loss
Authors: R A Vigersky, A E Andersen, R H Thompson, D L Loriaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We tested hypothalamic, pituitary and endocrine function in 19 patients with secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss who did not have anorexia nervosa to evaluate the effects of weight loss on these systems. Thermoregulation at 10°C and 49°C was abnormal and correlated with the percentage below ideal body weight (r = 0.62, P<0.02, and r = 0.55, P<0.05, respectively). Partial diabetes insipidus was found in 27 per cent of patients with simple weight loss. They had delayed peak plasma luteinizing hormone levels after 10 μg of luteinizing-hormone-releasing factor, which was correlated with percentage below ideal body weight (r = 0.49, P<0.05). Delayed peak plasma thyrotropin levels after 500 μg of thyrotropin-releasing factor were found. No prolactin, pituitary, thyroid or adrenal abnormalities were present. These findings are qualitatively similar to results of studies in 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, but less severe and less frequently present. We conclude that hypothalamic dysfunction may be caused by weight loss per se. (N Engl J Med 297:1141–1145, 1977)
Effect of Valvular Surgery on Antibody to the Group A Streptococcal Carbohydrate
Authors: ELIA M. AYOUB, ANGELO TARANTA, THOMAS D. BARTLEY
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Because previous studies revealed that high levels of antibody to the group A streptococcal carbohydrate (A-antibody) persist in the serum of patients with chronic rheumatic valvular disease, the effect of valvular surgery on the level of this antibody was examined in the present study. Streptococcal antibody titers (ASO, anti-DNAse B, and A-antibody) were determined on 73 patients admitted for cardiac surgery: 36 with chronic rheumatic valvular disease and 37 with nonrheumatic cardiac or coronary disease. While the ASO and anti-DNAse B presurgical titers were similar in rheumatic and nonrheumatic individuals, the levels of A-antibody were significantly higher in rheumatic patients. The effect of blood perfusion during cardiac surgery was reflected by reversion of antibody titers towards the mean value for a normal population. A trend toward a rise in all antibodies was seen in all patients two to seven weeks after surgery. However, after an interval of eight weeks or more following surgery, a significant decline in the A-antibody occurred in rheumatic patients who had undergone excision and replacement of the affected valve, but not in those who had experienced a simple commissurotomy. These findings provide additional evidence to support a relationship between valvular disease and A-antibody level in rheumatic patients.
579 MIR-221 OVEREXPRESSION CONTRIBUTES TO LIVER TUMORIGENESIS
Authors: P. Pineau, S. Volinia, K. McJunkin, A. Marchio, C. Battiston, B. Terris, V. Mazzaferro, S. Lowe, C.M. Croce, A. Dejean
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Mammography—A Time for Caution
Authors: John C. Bailar
Journal: JAMA (1977)

X-ray mammography can be utilized to detect breast cancer at an earlier stage than other methods, and earlier detection means improved survival rates. However, the radiation required for mammography will itself cause some breast cancers. Abundant evidence from studies of both humans and animals, as well as our entire understanding of radiation carcinogenesis, permits no other conclusion. Unfortunately, there is no way to tell precisely how many cancers will be caused by mammography. No data exist on the long-term effects of the type of radiation exposure involved. Thus, many observers disagree sharply about the balance between good and bad effects.<sup>1,2</sup> Communications inThe Journaldeal with various aspects of mammography, breast cancer, and radiation risks. Simon<sup>3</sup>points out the possibility that chest radiation for hirsutism or acne in young women may be added to the list of radiation exposures causing breast cancer. Black et al (p 970), found
Hydroxychloroquine Reverses Thrombogenic Properties of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Mice
Authors: Michael H. Edwards, Silvia Pierangeli, XiaoWei Liu, John H. Barker, Gary Anderson, E. Nigel Harris
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Previous studies have demonstrated that human monoclonal and polyclonal anticardiolipin antibodies have thrombogenic properties in vivo. Using such a model in which these antibodies have been shown to increase both the size of an induced thrombus and the duration of time in which such a clot lasts, we investigated whether hydroxychloroquine alters the dynamics of such thrombus formation. Methods and Results Three groups of nine mice were injected with purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from a patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome (IgG-APS) and then fed with hydroxychloroquine at various doses (100, 6, and 3 mg/kg body wt). Three control groups of mice were also studied, including mice injected with IgG-APS and then fed with placebo, as well as two other groups injected with IgG from normal human serum and fed either hydroxychloroquine or placebo. A standardized thrombogenic injury was subsequently induced in the femoral vein of each mouse and the area (size) of thrombus measured as well as the total period of time that thrombus was present. Mice treated with hydroxychloroquine and IgG-APS showed significantly smaller thrombi that persisted for a shorter period of time compared with animals treated with IgG-APS and placebo. Conclusions Hydroxychloroquine significantly diminished both thrombus size and total time of thrombus formation in mice previously injected with IgG-APS.
Drug companies agree to make clinical trial results public
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pharmaceutical companies around the world have agreed to make results from clinical trials of new prescription medicines publicly available, it was announced last week.

The voluntary agreement has been drawn up by the world's main pharmaceutical industry trade associations and agreed by key companies. It states that summary results of completed, industry sponsored clinical trials will be publicly disclosed on free and publicly accessible databases, regardless of outcome, for any medicine approved …
Effects of Psychotherapy on DNA Strand Break Accumulation Originating from Traumatic Stress
Authors: Julia Morath, Maria Moreno-Villanueva, Gilava Hamuni, Stephan Kolassa, Martina Ruf-Leuschner, Maggie Schauer, Thomas Elbert, Alexander Bürkle, Iris-Tatjana Kolassa
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Previous research reveals an association between traumatic stress and an increased risk for numerous diseases, including cancer. At the molecular level, stress may increase carcinogenesis via increased DNA damage and impaired DNA repair mechanisms. We assessed DNA breakage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and measured the cellular capacity to repair single-strand breaks after exposure to ionizing X-radiation. We also investigated the effect of psychotherapy on both DNA breakage and DNA repair. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In a first study we investigated DNA breakage and repair in 34 individuals with PTSD and 31 controls. Controls were subdivided into 11 trauma-exposed subjects and 20 individuals without trauma exposure. In a second study, we analysed the effect of psychotherapy (Narrative Exposure Therapy) on DNA breakage and repair. Thirty-eight individuals with PTSD were randomly assigned to either a treatment or a waitlist control condition. Follow-up was performed 4 months and 1 year after therapy. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; In study 1 we found higher levels of basal DNA breakage in individuals with PTSD and trauma-exposed subjects than in controls, indicating that traumatic stress is associated with DNA breakage. However, single-strand break repair was unimpaired in individuals with PTSD. In study 2, we found that psychotherapy reversed not only PTSD symptoms, but also DNA strand break accumulation. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Our results show - for the first time in vivo - an association between traumatic stress and DNA breakage; they also demonstrate changes at the molecular level, i.e., the integrity of DNA, after psychotherapeutic interventions.