tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti-sialogogue and Other Effects of Atropine Mucate
Authors: W. W. Mushin, S. Galloon, E. Lewis-Faning
Journal: BMJ (1953)

_~~~~MDIA ORA severe cases to produce a cuff-like appearance (Fig. 1).In addition most cases when viewed laterally show the well- known web appearance (Figs. 2 and 3).For reasons of safety, gastroscopy is not undertaken, though the condition of the gastric mucosa is of great theoretical interest.Gastroscopists should beware of women in this age group, since they may have an undeclared stenosis of this kind.Follow-up should be directed to securing a permanently normal haemoglobin, and redilatation should the stenosis recur.In the worst cases a surgical or radium menopause may be necessary if oral iron cannot keep the blood normal.Frequent endoscopy to detect early cancerous change is impractical and of doubtful value.If the anaemia is gross it should be corrected before dilatation.However, no quantity of iron will correct the dysphagia.If in doubt whether to dilate or not it is useful to remember that inability to eat meat is an absolute indication for the procedure. Prognosis and CausationRedilatation may be needed as often as every year (Case 2).Repeated courses of iron will be necessary till the menopause occurs.Two of our 16 cases developed carcinoma (Cases 4 and 8).Simpson (1939) reported that 10 of his 18 cases developed carcinoma.The cause of mucosal atrophy in the upper gastro- intestinal tract, the relationship of this to hypochromic anaemia, and the relationship of both to the oesophageal stenosis are quite unknown.Whatever the condition of the gastro-intestinal tract, it seems clear that the dysphagia does not occur unless iron-deficiency anaemia has been present.Despite superficial resemblances there seems to be no relationship to ariboflavinosis.The exclusive inci- dence in women is sufficiently accounted for by their peculiar liability to menstrual blood-loss anaemia.The incidence of hypochromic anaemia in Northern Ireland is considerable, and is to be attributed to the inadequate nutrition common in middle-aged women in Northern Ireland and to uncorrected menorrhagia.The implications for prophylaxis of post-cricoid carcinoma by improved nutrition and effective treatment of menorrhagia are obvious. SummaryThe clinical diagnosis of Plummer-Vinson disease is described.The dysphagia is due to organic stenosis.Dilatation of the stricture is the essential treatment.Plummer-Vinson disease is a pre-cancerous condition.
Anomalies Associated with Coarctation of Aorta Particular Reference to Infancy
Authors: ANTON E. BECKER, MIES J. BECKER, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1970)

One hundred specimens from subjects with coarctation of the aorta were studied with regard to the nature and occurrence of additional cardiovascular anomalies. Seventy-seven were less than 6 months of age at the time of death (group I) and 23 were 6 months of age or older (group II). Exclusive of cases of bicuspid aortic valve, there were one or more associated anomalies in 87 cases, that is 91% of the patients under 6 months of age and in 74% of those in the older group. The various types of additional anomalies in order of decreasing frequency were as follows: (1) tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch (49 cases); (2) abnormal communications (mainly ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus) (49 cases); (3) left ventricular outflow obstruction (mainly subaortic stenosis) (37 cases); (4) left ventricular inflow obstruction (26 cases); and (5) positional anomalies of the great vessels (mainly transpositions) (13 cases). More than one anomaly in addition to the coarctation was commonly present. The overall incidence of congenital bicuspid aortic valve was 46%. Among 71 cases in which the relationship to the ductus could be determined, the coarctation was proximal or opposite the ductus in 62 cases and distal to the ductus in nine cases.
Death of a houseman
Authors: Colin Douglas
Journal: BMJ (2006)

For the whole of a six month house job half a lifetime ago, he was my friend, colleague, and doppelganger. The rota was grim, a one in two made worse by Saturday receiving: so no weekends off, ever. And once there was a minor misunderstanding and we were both dismissed with immediate effect by a surgical chieftain who was surprised to learn shortly afterwards that he couldn't do that sort of thing any more. We survived. Soon afterwards we …
A tissue-engineered endothelialized dermis to study the modulation of angiogenic and angiostatic molecules on capillary-like tube formation in vitro
Authors: V. Hudon, F. Berthod, A.F. Black, O. Damour, L. Germain, F.A. Auger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Because angiogenesis is a major feature of different physiological and pathological situations, the identification of factors that stimulate or inhibit this process and the elucidation of their mechanisms of action are most certainly of clinical relevance. We have produced a new model of endothelialized reconstructed dermis that promotes the spontaneous formation of a human capillary-like network and its stabilization in vitro for a period longer than 1 month. Objectives The aim of this work was to describe the three-dimensional structure of the capillary-like network. Thereafter we strove to study, quantitatively and qualitatively, the influence of angiogenic and angiostatic drugs on capillary-like tube (CLT) formation in vitro in the model. Methods The endothelialized dermis was prepared by coculturing two human cell types, dermal fibroblasts and umbilical vein endothelial cells, in a collagen sponge biomaterial. Results The visualization by confocal microscopy of the tubes present in the model showed that the endothelial structures were not cord-like but rather CLTs with well-defined lumina. Moreover, these tubes were organized in a complex network of branching structures. When angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor 10 ng mL−1 or basic fibroblast growth factor 10 ng mL−1) were added to the model, 1·8 and 1·4 times more capillaries, respectively, were observed, whereas the addition of progesterone (10 μg mL−1) reduced by 2·4 times the number of tubes compared with the control. Conclusions These results suggest that this model is a highly efficient assay for the screening of potentially angiogenic and angiostatic compounds.
Role of prostacyclin in hemodynamic alterations in conscious rats with extrahepatic or intrahepatic portal hypertension
Authors: Frederic Oberti, Philippe Sogni, Stephane Cailmail, Richard Moreau, Bernard Pipy, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Although prostaglandins are thought to be involved in the hyperdynamic circulation of portal hypertension, the role of this substance has not been elucidated. Dose-response curves, the hemodynamic effects of prostacyclin (20 micrograms/kg) and its inhibitor indomethacin and measurements of plasma and urinary levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were compared in three groups of six rats each: normal, with portal vein stenosis and with secondary biliary cirrhosis. Plasma and urinary levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were higher in rats with portal vein stenosis and cirrhotic rats than in normal rats. Dose-response curves showed similar maximal decreases in arterial pressure in the three groups, whereas the maximal increase in portal pressure was less marked in cirrhotic rats than in normal rats and rats with portal vein stenosis. In normal rats, prostacyclin increased cardiac output by 21% and portal pressure by 41%. Similar increases were observed in rats with portal vein stenosis. In contrast, prostacyclin did not affect cardiac output and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Indomethacin induced a more marked vasoconstrictive effect in normal rats than in cirrhotic rats. This study shows that prostacyclin plays a role in the hemodynamic alterations in portal hypertension. Moreover, the hyporeactivity observed in cirrhotic rats suggests that prostacyclin plays a major role in the circulatory changes of portal hypertension due to chronic liver disease.
Hitral anulus borders the reentrant circuit of ventricular tachycardia in some patients with basal myocardial infarction
Authors: Karen Beckman, Kriegh Moulton, David Fitzgerald, Xunzhang Wang, Nicholas Twidale, Michael Prior, Andrew Hazlitt, David Margolis, James Calame, Ralph Lazzara, Warren Jackman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Abstract P3-06-02: Prevalence of <i>TP53</i> p.R337H Mutation in Cases of Breast Phyllodes Tumours in Southern Brazil
Authors: J Giacomazzi, P Koehler-Santos, BB Alemar, P Ashton-Prolla, MS. Graudenz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Previous studies in Brazilian patients diagnosed with the core-cancers of Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and its variants (LFL) indicate that a particular germline mutation, TP53 p.R337H, may be highly prevalent and strongly associated with pediatric adrenocortical tumors in Southern Brazil. However, other tumours types, including breast cancer, have been observed in carriers, raising the possibility that the TP53 p.R337H mutation may also contribute to breast tumorigenesis. Breast phyllodes tumour, a very rare and aggressive breast neoplasia that accounts for less than 1% of all breast cancer cases, may be associated with LFS, and has suggested by some to be particularly frequent in TP53 mutation carriers. Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from disease-free lymph nodes of an unselected consecutive series of women diagnosed with benign and malignant phyllodes tumours between 2000 and 2010, was obtained from 7 Pathology Laboratories in Southern Brazil. Genomic DNA was isolated from FFPE with the QIAamp DNA Tissue Kit. Genotyping was performed by qPCR using TaqMan technology and direct bi-directional sequencing for confirmation in mutation-positive cases. Results: Analysis of the first 48 cases included in the study (9 malignant, 3 borderline and 36 benign phyllodes tumors) resulted in identification of the TP53 p.R337H mutation in the germline of a 61 year-old patient with malignant phyllodes and a 38 year-old patient with a benign phyllodes tumor of the breast. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of a case series of breast phyllodes tumors indicates that germline the founder mutation TP53 p.R337H may be particularly common in women with these tumors in Southern Brazil. Further analysis of the entire TP53 coding region and evaluation of the founder haplotype in the mutation-positive cases is ongoing. The identification of germline TP53 mutations in patients diagnosed with phyllodes tumors of the breast has important implications for disease management and in cancer risk counseling for these patients and families. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-02.
Old fools, rogues, lovers, and sages
Authors: C. Currie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Colin Currie scoured British newspapers looking for evidence of agism in the print media. He was quite pleasantly surprised. 

I like newspapers and on most days read at least three, but for a whole week in September I am spurred to gross indulgence—reading every tabloid and broadsheet I can lay my hands on—having been asked to look at how older people are portrayed in the press. Over the week a pile of cuttings grows steadily beside the armchair in my study.

“Wheelchair Reggie, 82, does 8 mph up M-way”—the Daily Record of 20 September gives most of page 23 to the story. Heading home from a trip to the bank in his new battery powered wheelchair, “the war veteran hadn't realised he had swung on to the motorway …. ‘I was going merrily along, but the traffic was really tearing past me … I was really worried …
Cardiac Conduction Defects in Polymyositis
Authors: RICHARD F. KEHOE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The clinical and electrophysiologic findings in four patients with biopsy-proven polymyositis and bifascicular block are described. Atrioventricular (AV) block developed in two of these four patients, and intracardiac electrophysiologic studies documented the site of spontaneous block to be distal to the His bundle in one, whereas in the second marked His-ventricular prolongation was found, and distal block developed at low paced atrial rates. Sinus node and AV nodal function were normal in all four. These electrophysiologic data provide the first documentation of the site of AV block in patients with polymyositis and correlate well with findings of previous pathologic studies that have shown extensive fibrosis of the distal His bundle and bundle branches.
Identifying Risk for Attrition during Treatment for Depression
Authors: Diane Warden, Madhukar H. Trivedi, Stephen R. Wisniewski, Ira M. Lesser, Jeff Mitchell, G.K. Balasubramani, Maurizio Fava, Kathy Shores-Wilson, Diane Stegman, A. John Rush
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Understanding patients’ ambivalence about treatment persistence may be useful in tailoring retention interventions for individual patients with major depressive disorder. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Participants (n = 265) with major depressive disorder were enrolled into an 8-week trial with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. At baseline and week 2, the participants were asked about their intent to return for the next visit, complete the study and continue in the study should they experience side effects or no improvement. Dropouts were defined as participants who discontinued attending clinic visits before completing the trial. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Participants who at baseline reported an uncertain/negative intent to continue if they experienced side effects or no improvement dropped out at a significantly higher rate by weeks 6 and 8. Uncertain/negative intent at week 2 predicted attrition at all following visits. Dropouts without side effects were more likely to have reported an uncertain/negative intent to attend at both baseline and week 2, while dropouts who experienced side effects were more likely to have reported an uncertain/negative intent to attend only at baseline. Positive intent to continue was associated with greater symptom improvement in both dropouts and completers despite the possibility of lack of efficacy. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Participants’ pretreatment concerns about continuing antidepressant treatment in the presence of side effects signals challenges to the completion of a full 8-week acute phase treatment, even if the participant does not develop side effects. Individualized review of concerns and tailoring appropriate interventions may be necessary to reduce attrition.
Increased Plasma Levels of Adrenomedullin in Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: SHIRO UEDA, KENJI NISHIO, NAOTO MINAMINO, ATSUSHI KUBO, YASUHIRO AKAI, KENJI KANGAWA, HISAYUKI MATSUO, YOSHIHIRO FUJIMURA, AKIRA YOSHIOKA, KAZUHIRO MASUI, NAOFUMI DOI, YOSHINORI MURAO, SEIJI MIYAMOTO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We measured the plasma levels of adrenomedullin (AM), a novel vasodilating peptide, in 89 patients with various forms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and 13 healthy volunteers serving as controls. Plasma levels of AM in SIRS (burns: 20.5 ± 3.2 fmol/ml [mean ± SEM]; pancreatitis: 13.8 ± 3.8 fmol/ml; trauma: 14.9 ± 2.5 fmol/ml; traumatic shock: 41.1 ± 7.8 fmol/ml; severe sepsis: 59.9 ± 11.2 fmol/ml; septic shock: 193.5 ± 30.1 fmol/ml) were significantly increased over those of controls (5.1 ± 0.2 fmol/ml). The patients with traumatic shock or septic shock especially had higher levels of plasma AM than those with trauma or severe sepsis, respectively. These data showed that in patients with SIRS, plasma AM levels increased in proportion to the severity of illness. Subsequently, we measured the plasma levels of mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and thrombomodulin (TM) in patients with traumatic shock and septic shock. A significant correlation was observed between plasma AM and TNF- α levels in patients with septic shock, suggesting an important role for AM as well as of TNF- α in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Plasma AM and IL-8 levels correlated positively with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, peak multiple organ failure (MOF) score during the first month and prognosis in patients with septic shock, as did plasma IL-6 levels in patients with traumatic shock. The plasma AM level might serve as a useful marker for evaluating the severity of disease and as an early predictor of subsequent organ failure and outcome in septic shock.
Inhibition of Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer by CP-31398, a TP53 Modulator, Alone or in Combination with Low Doses of Celecoxib in Male F344 Rats
Authors: Chinthalapally V. Rao, Vernon E. Steele, Malisetty V. Swamy, Jagan M.R. Patlolla, Suresh Guruswamy, Levy Kopelovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Tumor suppressor p53 plays a major role in colorectal cancer development. The present study explores the effects of p53-modulating agent CP-31398 alone and combined with celecoxib on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colon adenocarcinomas in F344 rats. Maximum tolerated doses were 400 and 3,000 ppm for CP-31398 and celecoxib, respectively. ACF and tumor efficacy endpoints were carried out on azoxymethane-treated 7-week-old rats (48 per group) fed the control AIN-76A diet. Two weeks after carcinogen treatment, rats were fed the diets containing 0, 150, or 300 ppm CP-31398, 300 ppm celecoxib, or 150 ppm CP-31398 plus 300 ppm celecoxib. ACF and colon adenocarcinomas were determined at 8 and 48 weeks after azoxymethane treatment, respectively. Dietary CP-31398 was shown to suppress mean colonic total ACF by 43% and multicrypt ACF by 63%; dietary CP-31398 at 150 and 300 ppm suppressed adenocarcinoma incidence by 30.4% (P &amp;lt; 0.02) and 44% (P &amp;lt; 0.005), respectively, and adenocarcinoma multiplicity by 51% (P &amp;lt; 0.005) and 65% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), respectively. Dietary celecoxib suppressed colon adenocarcinoma incidence (60%; P &amp;lt; 0.0003) and multiplicity (70%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Importantly, combination of low-dose CP-31398 and celecoxib suppressed colon adenocarcinoma incidence by 78% and multiplicity by 90%. Rats that were fed the high-dose CP-31398 or a combination of low-dose CP-31398 and celecoxib showed considerable enhancement of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP expression, apoptosis, and reduced tumor cell proliferation in colonic tumors. These observations show, for the first time, that CP-31398 possesses significant dose-dependent chemopreventive activity in a well-established colon cancer model and that a combination of low-dose CP-31398 and celecoxib significantly enhanced colon cancer chemopreventive efficacy. [Cancer Res 2009;69(20):8175–82]
Defining Local-Regional Control and Its Importance in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Mitchell Machtay, Rebecca Paulus, Jennifer Moughan, Ritsuko Komaki, J effrey Bradley, Hak Choy, Kathy Albain, Benjamin Movsas, William T. Sause, Walter J. Curran
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Medicine in Israel
Authors: M. Lender
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a former Director of Hospital Services at the Ministry of Health, I read with interest the recent article "Insights Into the Israeli Health Care System: Reflections on a Medical Student's Experience" (239:2355, 1978). The article contains inaccuracies requiring comment. Medical care is not controlled by the Ministry of Health. Israel is a democratic country with multiple health care systems. Providers include labor unions, charity organizations, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor and Welfare, municipal and city governments, and the private sector. In 1975, the ownership of all hospital beds (including psychiatric) was as follows<sup>1</sup>: Ministry of Health, 36%; Kupat Holim (labor union sponsored), 15.5%; municipalities, 6.5%; charities and nonprofit organizations, 17%; and private, 25%. By and large, outpatient clinic and ambulatory curative care is provided by the labor union health insurance plans. The Ministry of Health traditionally provides anything not provided by other
Reduced‐intensity conditioning in unrelated donor cord blood transplantation for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Masanori Nishi, Ryosei Nishimura, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Akihisa Sawada, Takayuki Okamura, Naoto Fujita, Rie Kanai, Jun Yano, Souichi Adachi, Takahiro Yasumi, Emiko Sato, Koji Yasutomo, Eiichi Ishii, Shouichi Ohga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a disorder of immune homeostasis characterized by fever, cytopenias, hepatosplenomegaly, and coagulopathy. We studied the outcomes of 13 FHL patients who underwent the first unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) after non‐myeloablative conditionings. The major regimen consisted of fludarabine (FLU; n = 12)+melphalan (MEL; n = 11)±low‐dose total body irradiation (TBI 2‐4 Gy; n = 6). The median age at presentation and period to UCBT were 6 and 5 months, respectively. Central nervous system (CNS) disease developed in one infant at diagnosis, and in two others until UCBT. HLH activity was controlled in all but one at the time of UCBT. Ten patients had early engraftment on median day 21 with no grade &gt;2 treatment‐related toxicity and two controllable grade &gt;2 acute GVHD. Two patients with early rejection successfully underwent subsequent UCBT after myeloablative conditioning. Two others had late graft failure following mixed donor chimerism. Two deaths occurred from HLH; early liver failure and late CNS disease. Of 11 FLU+MEL‐conditioned patients, the frequency of disease‐free complete engraftment was higher for MEL (≥120 mg/m 2 )+TBI, or high‐dose MEL (180 mg/m 2 ) than for others (83% vs . 25%, p = 0.036). The FLU+MEL‐based non‐myeloablative regimen was acceptable for FHL infants undergoing UCBT, although further studies will be needed for confirmation. Am. J. Hematol. 87:637–639, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Context, as well as inputs, shape decisions, but are people aware of it?
Authors: Erik G. Helzer, David Dunning
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Even if people are experts at understanding how various input cues landed them at a particular decision (something the authors refer to as cue utilization ), they may still fail to appreciate how context influences the weight given to those input variables. We review evidence suggesting that people are unaware of contextual influences on their decisions.
RETARDED ERUPTION OF THE TEETH; THEIR LIBERATION OR EXTRACTION.
Authors: M H Cryer
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In order to fully understand this subject one should first be thoroughly familiar with the typical positions of the teeth when entirely erupted and in normal occlusion with those of the opposing jaw. It is also necessary to have a complete knowledge of the internal anatomy of the alveolar process. Therefore, a few illustrations showing the typically erupted teeth, with their occlusion, and the internal anatomy of the alveolar processes will be shown. Figure 1 is a side view made from an almost perfect skull of a white woman. The teeth are fully erupted and are almost typical in their position and occlusion. It is evident there has been but little interference with the nutrition of either the jaws or the teeth of this subject. It will be noticed that the mental foramen is on a line drawn vertically downward from between the premolar teeth. This is quite typical and