tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Presentation, Patterns of Myocardial Damage, and Clinical Course of Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Heiko Mahrholdt, Anja Wagner, Claudia C. Deluigi, Eva Kispert, Stefan Hager, Gabriel Meinhardt, Holger Vogelsberg, Peter Fritz, Juergen Dippon, C. -Thomas Bock, Karin Klingel, Reinhard Kandolf, Udo Sechtem
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Enteroviruses and adenoviruses have been considered the most common causes of viral myocarditis, but parvovirus B19 (PVB19) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) are increasingly found in endomyocardial biopsy samples. Methods and Results— Consequently, our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical presentation of cardiac PVB19 and/or HHV6 infection in a cohort of myocarditis patients and to follow its clinical course. In addition, we sought to demonstrate patterns of myocardial damage and to determine predictors for chronic heart failure. Our study design consisted of a cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol as well as endomyocardial biopsies in the myocardial region affected as indicated by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. One hundred twenty-eight patients were enrolled by clinical criteria. In the group of myocarditis patients (n=87), PVB19 (n=49), HHV6 (n=16), and combined PVB19/HHV6 infections (n=15) were detected most frequently. The remaining patients were diagnosed with healing myocarditis (n=15) or did not have myocarditis (n=26). Patients with PVB19 presented in a manner similar to that of myocardial infarction; most had typical subepicardial late gadolinium enhancement in the lateral wall and recovered within months. Conversely, patients with HHV6 and especially with HHV6/PVB19 myocarditis presented with new onset of heart failure, had septal late gadolinium enhancement, and frequently progressed toward chronic heart failure. Conclusions— Our data indicate that PVB19 and HHV6 are the most important causes for viral myocarditis in Germany and that the clinical presentation is related to the type of virus. Furthermore, clinical presentation, type of virus, and pattern of myocardial damage are related to the clinical course.
An ultrasensitive method for quantitating circulating tumor DNA with broad patient coverage
Authors: Aaron M Newman, Scott V Bratman, Jacqueline To, Jacob F Wynne, Neville C W Eclov, Leslie A Modlin, Chih Long Liu, Joel W Neal, Heather A Wakelee, Robert E Merritt, Joseph B Shrager, Billy W Loo, Ash A Alizadeh, Maximilian Diehn
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Antibiotics may prevent heart attacks
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Infections, particularly Chlamydia pneumoniae, have been suggested as causes or contributing factors in atherosclerosis and heart attacks. Now indirect evidence shows that antibiotics, taken to treat common infections, may protect against first time myocardial infarction (JAMA 1999:281;427-31).

Patients who had taken tetracyclines were at significantly lower risk of having a heart attack than those who had not, according to retrospective analysis of data from 350general practices in the United Kingdom's General Practice Research Database, which …
Targeted Delivery of Gemcitabine to Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Using Cetuximab as a Targeting Agent
Authors: Chitta Ranjan Patra, Resham Bhattacharya, Enfeng Wang, Aaron Katarya, Julie S. Lau, Shamit Dutta, Michael Muders, Shanfeng Wang, Sarah A. Buhrow, Stephanie L. Safgren, Michael J. Yaszemski, Joel M. Reid, Matthew M. Ames, Priyabrata Mukherjee, Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract One of the key challenges in anticancer therapy is the toxicity and poor bioavailability of the anticancer drugs. Nanotechnology can play a pivotal role by delivering drugs in a targeted fashion to the malignant cells that will reduce the systemic toxicity of the anticancer drug. In this report, we show a stepwise development of a nanoparticle-based targeted delivery system for in vitro and in vivo therapeutic application in pancreatic cancer. In the first part of the study, we have shown the fabrication and characterization of the delivery system containing gold nanoparticle as a delivery vehicle, cetuximab as a targeting agent, and gemcitabine as an anticancer drug for in vitro application. Nanoconjugate was first characterized physico-chemically. In vitro targeting efficacy, tested against three pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, AsPC-1, and MIA Paca2) with variable epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, showed that gold uptake correlated with EGFR expression. In the second part, we showed the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of the targeted delivery system. Administration of this targeted delivery system resulted in significant inhibition of pancreatic tumor cell proliferation in vitro and orthotopic pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. Tumor progression was monitored noninvasively by measuring bioluminescence of the implanted tumor cells. Pharmacokinetic experiments along with the quantitation of gold both in vitro and in vivo further confirmed that the inhibition of tumor growth was due to targeted delivery. This strategy could be used as a generalized approach for the treatment of a variety of cancers characterized by overexpression of EGFR. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1970–8]
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: John F. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with synthetic tumour peptides elicit protective and therapeutic antitumour immunity
Authors: J.I. Mayordomo, T. Zorina, W.J. Storkus, L. Zitvogel, C. Celluzzi, L.D. Falo, C.J. Melief, S.T. Ildstad, W. Martin Kast, A.B. Deleo, M.T. Lotze
Journal: Nature Medicine (1995)
The Coombs test and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: G. A. Kulkarni
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> From 1975, until the advent of streptokinase and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, our only means for coronary reperfusion during evolving MI was direct revascularization. Since the advent of streptokinase and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, alternate means have become available. If these alternate means are successful—and in our experience they have been in a large percentage of the cases—then we see no need to invade the patients surgically, as suggested by Dr Reid in his letter. We also state unequivocally in our manuscript that if adequate reperfusion by nonsurgical means is unsuccessful (single-vessel disease) with streptokinase alone or combined with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, then immediate surgery is carried out. We certainly agree with Dr Reid that single coronary artery occlusion can be catastrophically fatal, and either our article did not state it strongly enough or he misread the fact that reperfusion is our therapeutic end point and goal.
Self Antigens Expressed by Solid Tumors Do Not Efficiently Stimulate Naive or Activated T Cells: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Daniel E. Speiser, Renata Miranda, Arsen Zakarian, Martin F. Bachmann, Kim McKall-Faienza, Bernhard Odermatt, Douglas Hanahan, Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Pamela S. Ohashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Induction and maintenance of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity specific for a primary endogenous tumor was investigated in vivo. The simian virus 40 T antigen (Tag) expressed under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIP) induced pancreatic β-cell tumors producing insulin, causing progressive hypoglycemia. As an endogenous tumor antigen, the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (GP) was introduced also under the control of the RIP. No significant spontaneous CTL activation against GP was observed. However, LCMV infection induced an antitumor CTL response which efficiently reduced the tumor mass, resulting in temporarily normalized blood glucose levels and prolonged survival of double transgenic RIP(GP × Tag2) mice (137 ± 18 d) as opposed to control RIP-Tag2 mice (88 ± 8 d). Surprisingly, the tumor-specific CTL response was not sustained despite the facts that the tumor cells continued to express MHC class I and LCMV-GP–specific CTLs were present and not tolerized. Subsequent adoptive transfer of virus activated spleen cells into RIP(GP × Tag2) mice further prolonged survival (168 ± 11 d), demonstrating continued expression of the LCMV-GP tumor antigen and MHC class I. The data show that the tumor did not spontaneously induce or maintain an activated CTL response, revealing a profound lack of immunogenicity in vivo. Therefore, repetitive immunizations are necessary for prolonged antitumor immunotherapy. In addition, the data suggest that the risk for induction of chronic autoimmune diseases is limited, which may encourage immunotherapy against antigens selectively but not exclusively expressed by the tumor.
Mycetoma formation in Trichophyton rubrum infection
Authors: CARROLL F.BURGOON Jr, F. BLANK, WAINE C. JOHNSON, SARAH F. GRAPPEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

SUMMARY

An adult male patient with a chronic Trichophyton rubrum infection of the feet, toe nails and groin, for 15 years, developed on the dorsum of the right foot a tumour with draining sinuses. Histological examination of tissue from the growth revealed granulomatous inflammation with abscesses containing granules characteristic of mycetoma. T. rubrum was cultured from skin scrapings and toe nails. The concurrent complete clearing of the superficial lesions and the mycetoma during treatment with griseofulvin, as well as the disappearance of complement fixing antibodies against T. rubrum antigen, indicate that this hitherto unreported complication of a dermatophyte infection may be related and may not be coincidental to the infection.
Antibody-Cleaving Neisseria
Authors: P. Frederick Sparling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Pathogenic micro-organisms that cause repeated episodes of acute infection must be able to evade a variety of host defenses. For this purpose, one standard microbial strategy is to evolve a variety of distinctive surface antigens. Recently, several investigators have shown that in different strains of gonococci there is great variability in several important antigens, including pili,1 outer-membrane proteins2 and lipopolysaccharides,3 , 4 which could explain why certain intrepid persons have been infected by gonococci on 20 or more separate occasions.In this issue of the Journal, Mulks and Plaut5 describe another and more surprising mechanism by which gonococci and meningococci may . . .
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XXIV. The continuity of history
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1984)

History has two basic aspects. It describes the events of the past and tries to explain them. The descriptive aspect is principally narration—it tells "what happened." Then, if we find out enough details and learn their relationship to each other as well as to abstract concepts, we may understand why the event happened. We then have an explanation. Usually we think of narration as taking place through words and we may not appreciate a more direct pictorial representation. Many events in antiquity have been preserved for us in stone. Much ancient statuary, especially in bas relief, narrates the triumphs of ancient rulers. A successful military campaign, the capture and razing of an enemy city, the slaughter of an opposing army, and deeds of special heroism seemed most worthy of commemoration. Numerous monuments and artifacts from the ancient world—from Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Greece, and Rome—preserve for us in stone the details
Cancer of the upper gastrointestinal tract Palliative chemotherapy unproved in advanced gastric cancer
Authors: I Kunkler
Journal: BMJ (1994)

cerebral palsy and those who died, but the increased risk of suboptimal care in these groups remained after adjustment for this.To carry out the analysis that Hall suggests and still retain our matched design, much larger numbers would have been needed.To explore further the complex interrelation of antenatal and intrapartum factors, care, and cerebral palsy, collaborative studies will be necessary.
Neck and Abdominal Muscle Activity in Patients with Severe Thoracic Scoliosis
Authors: MARC ESTENNE, ERIC DEROM, ANDRÉ DE TROYER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) do not use the sternocleidomastoid muscles when breathing at rest, but have a greater than normal neural drive to the rib-cage inspiratory muscles, the abdominal muscles, and the diaphragm. Yet the increased activation of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm in such patients has only limited mechanical effects, and this has led to the suggestion that the overall increase in neural drive is simply an automatic response of the respiratory system to a greater than resting stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the pattern of respiratory-muscle activation in eight patients with severe thoracic scoliosis (Cobb angle between 100 degrees and 136 degrees). We recorded electromyograms of the sternocleidomastoid, scalene, rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles; esophageal (Pes) and gastric (Pga) pressures; and the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the abdomen during resting breathing in the seated posture. All patients had invariable phasic inspiratory activity in the scalenes; and five patients had invariable phasic expiratory activity in the transversus; intermittent expiratory activity in the transversus was also recorded in three patients. In contrast, only one patient had invariable phasic inspiratory activity in the sternocleidomastoid, and only one patient had invariable phasic expiratory activity in the external oblique. The decrease in abdominal AP diameter during expiration was commonly associated with a rise in Pga. These observations therefore indicate that the pattern of respiratory-muscle activation in patients with severe thoracic scoliosis is essentially similar to that seen in patients with severe COPD. This supports the concept that the order of recruitment of the respiratory muscles during breathing is an automatic response of the central controller.
Effects of Coronary Stenting on Restenosis and Occlusion After Angioplasty of the Culprit Vessel in Patients With Recent Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christophe Bauters, Jean-Marc Lablanche, Eric Van Belle, Rodica Niculescu, Thibaud Meurice, Eugène P. Mc Fadden, Michel E. Bertrand
Journal: Circulation (1997)

PTCA of an infarct-related lesion is associated with a high rate of restenosis and/or vessel occlusion. Recent studies have shown that coronary stenting in patients with stable or unstable angina is associated with a significant reduction in the restenosis rate compared with conventional balloon angioplasty. However, no information is available concerning the long-term effect of coronary stenting at infarct-related lesions compared with balloon angioplasty alone.One hundred consecutive patients undergoing stent implantation at an infarct-related lesion and systematic 6-month angiographic follow-up were matched for major pre-PTCA clinical and angiographic variables with a group of patients undergoing conventional angioplasty. Preprocedural, postprocedural, and 6-month follow-up angiograms were analyzed with quantitative angiography. Coronary stenting was performed as a bailout procedure after failed balloon angioplasty in 20%, for a suboptimal result after balloon angioplasty in 71%, and electively in 9%. Stent implantation was associated with a higher acute gain than balloon angioplasty. At follow-up, the minimal lumen diameter was significantly (P<.0001) larger in the stent group (1.72+/-0.69 versus 1.23+/-0.72 mm). Restenosis (>50% DS at follow-up) occurred in 27% of the stent group versus 52% of the balloon group (P<.005). At follow-up, total occlusion at the dilated site occurred in 1% of the stent group versus 14% of the balloon group (P<.005).Coronary stenting of infarct-related lesions is associated with a highly beneficial effect on 6-month angiographic outcome compared with balloon angioplasty alone. Further studies are needed to establish whether the beneficial effect of coronary stenting on long-term vessel patency is associated with an improvement in left ventricular function or in clinical outcome.
Raised troponin T in acute cholecystitis
Authors: D. J Fox, C. Grimm, N. P Curzen
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

A man aged 51 attended the accident and emergency department after three days of right upper quadrant pain associated with nausea, vomiting and rigors. His stools had become pale and his urine was darker than normal. There was no chest pain and he had no risk factors for coronary artery disease. His temperature was 38.58C. Cardiorespiratory examination was unremarkable and he was haemodynamically stable. The abdomen was tender with guarding in the right upper quadrant and Murphy’s sign was positive. The clinical diagnosis was acute cholecystitis. Haemoglobin was 15.0 g/dL and white cell count 17.46109/L (neutrophils 14.6). Renal function was normal. Alkaline phosphatase was raised at 356 IU/L (normal 70–330) and bilirubin at 34mmol/L (0–22) but other liver function tests were normal. C-reactive protein was 165 mg/L (55). Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a thickened gallbladder full of echogenic debris; the liver, pancreas, spleen and kidneys were all normal. Peripheral blood cultures (two sets) taken at the time of admission were negative. He was initially managed with intravenous antibiotics and fluids and made good progress. He then developed an expiratory wheeze. Chest radiography was unremarkable. To exclude a cardiac event serial electrocardiograms were also performed, despite the absence of chest pain, and these showed sinus rhythm without any signs of ischaemia. Troponin T, however, proved to be raised at 0.25 mg/L (normal 50.03)—a result that prompted transthoracic echocardiography, which was normal. Over the next forty-eight hours he improved, with all inflammatory markers and pyrexia subsiding. Coronary angiography was then undertaken, which showed no abnormality; left ventricular function was also normal.
Not useful in modern healthcare
Authors: R. Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Recent studies have shown that the activity levels of hippocampal neurons during exploration are not constant but change on a daily to weekly scale. However, a few other studies suggest that their activity levels are preserved over time. To resolve this contradiction, we repeatedly measured the neural activity of the mouse hippocampus in four different environments. The activity level of hippocampal neurons fluctuated greatly in one environment, but the mean activity level across all the environments was more stable. Each cell’s preferred environment frequently changed over time. The number of environments in which a cell showed activity varied across cells, ranging from zero to four, and the value also tended to be preserved. Cells that showed place cell activity in many environments had higher mean firing rates and higher spatial information content, whereas cells active only in a small number of environments were suitable for coding environmental identity. These results suggest that although the activity level in a single environment appears unstable, each cell has not only an inherent activity level but also play a characteristic role in the coding of space.
Distribution of Bim determines Mcl-1 dependence or codependence with Bcl-xL/Bcl-2 in Mcl-1–expressing myeloma cells
Authors: Alejo A. Morales, Metin Kurtoglu, Shannon M. Matulis, Jiangxia Liu, David Siefker, Delia M. Gutman, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Kelvin P. Lee, Sagar Lonial, Lawrence H. Boise
Journal: Blood (2011)
Potent Vaccine Therapy with Dendritic Cells Genetically Modified by the Gene-Silencing-Resistant Retroviral Vector GCDNsap
Authors: Tsukasa Nabekura, Makoto Otsu, Toshiro Nagasawa, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Masafumi Onodera
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) genetically modified to express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) would be promising tools in cancer immunotherapy. However, the use of retroviral vectors for such modifications is still a challenge because of low transduction efficiency and gene silencing in DCs. We have established an efficient method to prepare such DCs by in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells transduced with chicken ovalbumin (OVA) cDNA via the gene-silencing-resistant retroviral vector GCDNsap packaged in vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. When c-KIT+/lineage− cells were transduced with OVA followed by expansion and differentiation, more than 90% of mature DCs expressed the transgene. Mice inoculated with those cells completely rejected the OVA-expressing tumor E.G7-OVA, and the anti-tumor effects were stronger than those observed in mice inoculated with the same number of OVA peptide-pulsed DCs. The mice harbored more cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against E.G7-OVA and produced antibody against OVA, suggesting the generation of multiple CTLs recognizing different OVA epitopes and OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. Successive inoculations of the transduced DCs in a therapeutic setting eradicated preexisting E.G7-OVA and prevented the progression of retransplanted tumors. Thus, this vaccine therapy may represent a potent immunotherapeutic approach for various malignant tumors that express suitable TAAs.
Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology.
Authors: J. McDONAGH
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology. 2nd ed. Edited by P J Maddison, D A Isenberg, P Woo, D N Glass. (Pp 2208; £195). Oxford: Oxford Medical, 1998. ISBN 0-19-262697-3.

First time around, I must confess to having purchased “The Other” rheumatological tome—that is, Klippel and Dieppe (KD), attracted by its user friendliness and liberal use of eye catching coloured diagrams, tables, and photographs in contrast with the more monochrome first edition of the Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology (OTR). It was therefore with interest that I agreed to review the second edition of the OTR to see whether I would change my allegiance!

The two main differences from the first edition, immediately evident from even the most cursory of glances of the textbook are as follows:

(1) The second edition of the OTR is dramatically more colourful with numerous colour photographs. Furthermore, the tables and line diagrams have improved both quantitatively and qualitatively as well as acquiring colour themselves, somewhat reminiscent in appearance and style of KD (fig 1). An infectious side effect of healthy competition, I suspect! This is most obvious in such chapters …