tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital Career Structure
Authors: K. W. Beetham
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recurrent miscarriage (RM), defined by three or more consecutive losses during the first trimester of pregnancy, affects 1%–2% of fertile couples. Standard investigations fail to reveal any apparent cause in ~50% of couples. However, on the basis of animal models and clinical studies, several hypotheses have been put forward concerning underlying mechanisms of RM: altered ovarian reserve, progesterone defect, thrombotic and/or endothelial dysfunction and immunological disturbances. Nonetheless, no study has yet reached conclusive beneficial clinical evidence for a potential treatment in unexplained RM. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a molecule with extensive safety data during pregnancy. The pharmacological properties of HCQ (eg, antithrombotic, vascular protective, immunomodulatory, improved glucose tolerance, lipidlowering and anti-infectious) could be effective against some mechanisms of unexplained RM. Furthermore, eventhough clinical benefit of HCQ is suggested in prevention of thrombotic and late obstetric events in antiphospholipid (APL) syndrome, there are no data suggesting the benefit of HCQ in RM in the presence of APL antibodies. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Taken all together and given the low cost of HCQ, the aim of this multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study is to investigate whether HCQ would improve the live birth rate in women with RM, irrespective of maternal thrombophilic status: (1) no known thrombophilia, (2) inherited thrombophilia or (3) APL antibodies. The primary end point is a live and viable birth. After confirming eligibility and obtaining consent, 300 non-pregnant women will be randomised into two parallel groups for a daily oral treatment (HCQ 400 mg or placebo), initiated before conception and stopped at 10 weeks’ gestation. If pregnancy does not occur after 1 year, the treatment will be stopped. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Agreement from the French National Public Health and Drug Security Agency (160765A-22) and ethical approval from the Committee for the Protection of Persons of NORD-OUEST I (2016-001330-97) have been obtained. <h3>Trial registration numbers</h3> NCT0316513; Pre-results.
Sulphinpyrazone and the platelet serotoninergic mechanism in ischaemic heart disease.
Authors: V K Puri, A Rawat, A Sharma, A Mehrotra, M Hasan, K Shanker, M Verma, J N Sinha, K P Bhargava
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A double blind study in 25 patients with ischaemic heart disease and 20 matched healthy controls examined the effect of sulphinpyrazone on the uptake of serotonin by platelets and the basal concentrations of serotonin in platelets. Uptake was measured using tritium labelled serotonin and basal concentrations estimated spectrophotofluorometrically. Serotonin uptake was significantly increased both in the patients with chronic stable angina of effort and in those with a history of myocardial infarction six months or more previously. Sulphinpyrazone reduced serotonin uptake from 94.25 (SE 8.65) to 57.86 (5.37) cpm/10(8) platelets after 24 weeks of treatment in the group with stable angina and from 137.45 (16.26) to 68.08 (8.38) cpm/10(8) platelets in the myocardial infarction group. Raised basal concentrations in the two groups were also reduced by sulphinpyrazone. Placebo had no effect on serotonin uptake or basal concentrations in either group of patients. The ability of sulphinpyrazone to inhibit uptake and reduce basal concentrations of serotonin in patients with ischaemic heart disease may be yet another mechanism through which this drug exerts its beneficial antiplatelet effect.
The social movement drive: a role for junior doctors in healthcare reform
Authors: Andrew Carson-Stevens, Eva Patel, Sarah L Nutt, Jay Bhatt, Sukhmeet S Panesar
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Medical schools equip students with the knowledge and skills to undertake the technical practice of medicine. It has been argued that there is inadequate attention paid to the shaping of the future generation to function safely and enable them, in exercising leadership, to transform and improve healthcare.1 In the current NHS, clinicians are talked about as being placed at the forefront of designing and commissioning safe, high-quality models of care.2 Junior doctors are a potential resource in shaping this agenda; in particular, bringing fresh perspectives to identify and act upon opportunities for improving healthcare. Yet, cultural barriers have long prohibited innovation and improvement in this group; their ability to lead change is often overridden by a clinical environment unreceptive to their skills and a lack of adequate training in medical school.3,4

Across the UK, junior doctors are overcoming those barriers by assuming an active role in improving healthcare.5 Driven by their unrest and dissatisfaction of the status quo, they are forming a collective to challenge the accepted norms that potentiate poor quality outcomes for their patients.5 We explore how social movements, defined by Della Porta and Diani6 as ‘informal networks, based on shared beliefs and solidarity, which mobilise about conflictual issues, through the frequent use of various forms of protest’ (p.16), are driving these efforts and consider how students and junior professionals are using social movement theories to leverage change.
Polymorphisms of Mannose Binding Lectin gene (MBL2) in Brazilian blood donors (n = 300)
Authors: N. Ferraroni, S. Crovella, R.L. Guimarães, L.A.C. Brandão, R.N. Constantino-Silva, C. Alves, I. Siqueira, C. Loja, A.J.S. Duarte, A.S. Grumach
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Testosterone as the Missing Link Between Pesticides, Alzheimer Disease, and Parkinson Disease—Reply
Authors: Jason R. Richardson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
GW25-e3168 Sodium tashinoneIIA sulfonate improves tachycardia-induced electrical remodeling of canine
Authors: Ou Xianhong, Miao-Ling Li, Lu-Zhen Wang, Xiao-Hong Bin, Rui Liu, Yan Yang, Xiao-rong Zeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Oesophageal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
Authors: N. Ishii, M. Furumura, T. Hamada, O. Mori, A. Ohzono, A. Ueda, T. Karashima, T. Nakama, D. Tsuruta, H. Takedatsu, H. Fujita, T. Hashimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)
Relationship between lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma sex steroid level in obese women.
Authors: P H Iverius, J D Brunzell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

In obese women (n = 16) at their weight, fasting adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, obtained by elution with serum and heparin at 4 degrees and 37 degrees C, was inversely correlated to plasma estradiol levels (r = -0.724; P = 0.002) and (r = -0.641; P = 0.010), respectively. Furthermore, fasting postheparin plasma LPL activity during a heparin infusion, showed an even stronger inverse correlation to plasma estradiol when measured at 60 min (r = -0.815; P less than 0.001). None of the above parameters was correlated to the body mass index. Postprandial LPL activity in postheparin plasma, measured 10 min after a heparin injection, showed a strong positive correlation with plasma free testosterone (r = 0.780; P = 0.001). Neither of these parameters was correlated with the body mass index. The origin of this LPL activity is presently unknown but could conceivably represent a pool of LPL from skeletal muscle. Since it has been shown convincingly that estrogen decreases adipose tissue LPL activity in the rat, the present studies strongly suggest that estradiol is a major negative regulator of fasting adipose tissue LPL activity in women.
Sterilisation reversal requests.
Authors: M Gillett
Journal: BMJ (1977)

When the author was carrying out vasectomy counseling for the Family Planning Association, the approach always was that the couple had come for sterilization and that all methods of male and female sterilization should be presented. This took at least 40 minutes. Inappropriate sterilizations leading to requests for reversal could be reduced by good counseling before operation. Time spent counseling is cost-effective when it aims to prevent sterilizations which are later regretted, and also when it contributes to the well-being of the majority who desire the sterilization.
SYMPATHETIC GANGLIONECTOMY FOR GANGRENE DUE TO THROMBO-ANGIITIS OBLITERANS
Authors: H. H. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1934)

MTHENBRrLTSO{~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MDCLJUNL cellular pathology, but with now an additional type- " matrical "-for diseases peculiar to the supporting or " matrix" tissues.Classed under the last-named heading would be such diseases as arthritis, fibrositis, neuritis, etc., about which little is known except that their pathology is unlike that of the other group diseases.But since each of the three groups A, B, and C has its own characteristic make-up (as shown above) it is not surprising that mani- festations of abnormality should also be different.The table shown below summanzes the findings dis- cussed in the text.TABLE II.-Sitininary?A BC Body Fluids Nuclear Tissues Anuclear Tissues Water-percentage ... 90 and over 76 to 85 Below 75 Rate of metabolism... Nil High Low C on cent r a t ion of High Low Midway between chloride Grouips A and B R e I at ion ship of Inc:.eases with increasing water Decreases with chloride to water p)ercentage higher water percentage Relative reaction More alkaline More acid Midway between Groups A and B Na ... ... High Low K ... ... Low High Protein ... Low
Cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist PD-136,450 is a partial secretory agonist in the stomach and a full agonist in the pancreas of the rat.
Authors: A Schmassmann, A Garner, B Flogerzi, M Y Hasan, M Sanner, L Varga, F Halter
Journal: Gut (1994)

Gastrin (cholecystokinin type B (CCK-B)) receptor antagonists may help to elucidate the physiological role of gastrin, have therapeutic potential as acid antisecretory drugs, and may be of use as adjuvant therapy for gastrin sensitive tumours. In binding studies, the gastrin receptor antagonist PD-136,450 had at least 1000 fold greater affinity for gastrin (CCK-B) than CCK-A receptors. In this study the biological activity of PD-136,450 was evaluated in conscious and anaesthetised rats. PD-136,450 antagonised gastrin stimulated acid secretion after subcutaneous (IC50: 0.28 mumol/kg; conscious rats) and intravenous (IC50: 0.17 mumol/kg; anaesthetised rats) administration. In basal secreting fistula animals, the compound stimulated acid output to 30 (5)% of the maximal response to gastrin. Stimulant activity was not caused by gastrin release. As an agonist PD-136,450 was about 350 times less potent than gastrin-17 on a molar basis. In addition, PD-136,450 was a powerful agonist of pancreatic secretion in anaesthetised rats. The specific gastrin antagonist L-365,260 inhibited the (partial) agonist activity of PD-136,450 in the stomach and the specific CCK-A receptor antagonist L-364,718 inhibited the agonist activity of PD-136,450 in the pancreas. It is concluded that the agonist effect of PD-136,450 is mediated via interaction with the gastrin (CCK-B) receptor in the stomach and the CCK-A receptor in the pancreas.
Electrocardiograms of Dogs with Heart Homografts
Authors: RICHARD R. LOWER, EUGENE DONG, FREDERIC S. GLAZENER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Serial electrocardiograms from 50 dogs which survived 4 days to 12 months with orthotopic cardiac homografts have been evaluated. Although sinus rhythm is the basic mechanism in all homografted hearts, arrhythmias are frequently encountered early in the post-transplant period and later during episodes of threatened rejection. The decrease in QRS voltage which consistently accompanies impending rejection makes the electrocardiogram indispensable in monitoring the cardiac homograft.
Streptococcus bovis Septicemia and Carcinoma of the Colon
Authors: ROBERT S. KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We prospectively studied patients with Streptococcus bovis septicemia for the presence of gastrointestinal lesions. This study was prompted by our reported findings of the association of fecal carriage of S. bovis with carcinoma of the colon. We studied 29 patients with 30 episodes of S. bovis septicemia. Fifteen completed gastrointestinal evaluations that included colonscopy, surgery, or autopsy. Eight of these had carcinoma of the colon, three had adenomatous polyps of the colon without carcinoma, and two had carcinoma of the esophagus. The 14 patients who did not have complete evaluations included one each with carcinoma of the stomach, gastric lymphoma, and adenomatous polyp of the colon and three with colonic masses not further delineated. Nineteen patients had no gastrointestinal signs or symptoms or stools positive for occult blood at admission. The results of our study suggest that all patients with S. bovis septicemia need aggressive evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon.
The interactions of astrocytes and fibroblasts with defined pore structures in static and perfusion cultures
Authors: Tao Sun, Peter S. Donoghue, Jennifer R. Higginson, Nikolaj Gadegaard, Susan C. Barnett, Mathis O. Riehle
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)

Open pores to maintain nutrient diffusion and waste removal after cell colonization are crucial for the successful application of constructs based on assembled membranes, in our case tubular scaffolds made of ɛ-polycaprolactone (PCL), for use in tissue engineering. Due to the complex three-dimensional structure and large size of such scaffolds needed for transplantable tissues, it is difficult to investigate the cell–pore interactions in situ. Therefore miniaturized bioreactors inside Petri dishes (30 mm in diameter), containing porous PCL or poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes, were developed to allow the interactions of different cells with defined pores to be investigated in situ during both static and perfusion cultures. Investigation of two different cell types (fibroblasts and cortical astrocytes) and how they interact with a range of pores (100–350 μm in diameter) for up to 50 days indicated that the cells either 'covered' or 'bridged' the pores. Three distinct behaviors were observed in the way cortical astrocytes interacted with pores, while fibroblasts were able to quickly bridge the pores based on consistent "joint efforts". Our studies demonstrate that the distinct pore sealing behaviors of both cell types were influenced by pore size, initial cell density and culture period, but not by medium perfusion within the range of shear forces investigated. These findings form important basic data about the usability of pores within scaffolds that could inform the design and fabrication of suitable scaffolds for various applications in tissue engineering.
Current assessment practices for noncancer end points.
Authors: C R Shoaf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The need for assessing noncancer risks for agents to which humans are routinely exposed indoors arises from the large amount of time spent indoors (i.e., employed persons spend about 60% of their time at home indoors, 30% at work indoors, and 5% in transit). Sources of air pollutants include heating and cooling systems, combustion appliances, personal use products, furnishings, tobacco products, pesticides, bioeffluents from humans and animals, and other microbial contamination such as toxins from molds. The purpose of this paper is to describe current dose-response assessment methods applicable to assessing risk following exposure to indoor air pollutants. The role of structure-activity relationships in hazard identification is also described. Risk assessments from exposure to indoor air pollutants require exposure assessments and dose-response assessments. Dose-response assessment methodologies include the inhalation reference concentration (RfC), structure-activity relationships, dose-response models, and the decision analytic approach. The RfC is an estimate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude) of a daily exposure to the human population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. The current RfC method provides guidelines for making the necessary dosimetric adjustments for gases and aerosols. Human equivalent concentrations for no-observed-adverse-effect levels in animals are determined by using mathematical relationships that adjust for regional deposition, solubility, ventilation rate, and blood:air partition coefficients. The RfC methodology exists as an interim methodology. Future scientific advancements are expected to further refine the approach.
Strategy for allergenicity assessment of ‘natural novel foods’: clinical and molecular investigation of exotic vegetables (water spinach, hyacinth bean and Ethiopian eggplant)
Authors: M. Gubesch, B. Theler, M. Dutta, B. Baumer, A. Mathis, T. Holzhauser, S. Vieths, B. K. Ballmer‐Weber
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Foods not commonly consumed in the European Union must be proven safe before being brought to market, including an assessment of allergenicity. We present a three‐stepwise strategy for allergenicity assessment of natural novel foods using three novel vegetables, namely, water spinach, hyacinth bean, Ethiopian eggplant. Methods: First, vegetable extracts were analyzed for the presence of pan‐allergens [Bet v 1 homologous proteins, profilins, nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTP)] by immunoblot analysis with specific animal antibodies. Secondly, the IgE‐binding of the food extracts was investigated by EAST (Enzyme‐allergosorbent test) and immunoblot analysis using sera with IgE‐reactivity to known pan‐allergens or to phylogenetically related foods from subjects (i) allergic to birch, grass and mugwort pollen, (ii) with food allergy to soy, peanut, tomato, multiple pollen‐related foods and (iii) sensitized to LTP. Thirdly, the clinical relevance of IgE‐binding was assessed in vivo by skin prick testing (SPT) and open oral food challenges (OFC). Results: Profilin and LTP were detected by animal antibodies in all vegetables, a Bet v 1 homologue selectively in hyacinth bean. IgE‐binding to LTP, profilin and a Bet v 1 homologue was proven by immunoblot analysis and EAST. Positive SPT and OFC results were observed for all vegetables in pollen‐allergic patients. Conclusions: Our stepwise procedure confirmed the presence and IgE‐binding capacity of novel vegetable proteins homologous to known allergens in endemic vegetable foods. In vivo testing proved the potential of the novel vegetables to elicit clinical allergy. Hence, our described algorithm seems to be applicable for allergenicity testing of natural novel foods.
Man with cerebral palsy can claim for damages after 35 years
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 35 year old man with cerebral palsy has been given the go ahead for a £6m (€6.7m; $9m) negligence claim over his birth.

Three appeal court judges ruled that Julius Whiston can proceed with the claim for compensation over his delivery at Queen Charlotte’s maternity hospital in west London in September 1974.

A High Court judge, Mr Justice Eady, decided last year that the case could go ahead, but the NHS litigation authority appealed, arguing that the claim was launched too late.

The law says that claims for personal injury must be brought within three years of reaching …
Airway and tissue responses during hyperpnea-induced constriction in guinea pigs.
Authors: T Nagase, M J Dallaire, M S Ludwig
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

It has been reported that hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs is a potential model for exercise-induced asthma in humans. On the basis of recent studies that show increases in tissue resistance after allergen exposure in sensitized rats, we hypothesized that lung tissues might also be involved in the pathophysiology in this asthma model. We measured tracheal pressure (Ptr) and alveolar pressure (PA) using alveolar capsules in open-chested, mechanically ventilated (respiratory frequency [f] = 1 Hz, tidal volume [VT] = 9 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP] = 4 cm H2O) guinea pigs under control conditions (regular breathing of warm, humidified air) and after dry gas hyperpnea challenge (HC, mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2, 150 breaths/min, 7 min). We calculated lung elastance (EL) and resistance of lung (RL), tissue (Rti), and airway (Raw) by fitting the equation of motion to changes in Ptr and PA. To assess the effects of volume history, we applied a single deep inflation (three times VT) in five HC animals. We performed morphometric analysis in five control and five HC animals, freezing the lungs with liquid nitrogen and processing the tissues via freeze substitution. HC significantly increased RL, Rti, Raw, and EL (424 +/- 62, 771 +/- 230, 287 +/- 33, 259 +/- 31% baseline, respectively). A deep inflation reduced RL, Rti, Raw, and EL by 30 +/- 4, 31 +/- 4, 29 +/- 6, 23 +/- 5%, respectively. In HC animals, the degree of airway constriction was most prominent in the larger airways; extensive tissue distortion was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Scratching and fasting: a study of pruritus and anorexia nervosa
Authors: None MORGAN, None LACEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

An association between pruritus and eating disorders has been suggested. This study examined changes in pruritus during weight restoration in a homogeneous group of women with severe anorexia nervosa (n = 19), using a structured questionnaire, visual analogue scale, clinical examination and a range of serological markers. We demonstrated that itching is a clinical feature of anorexia nervosa, associated with low weight and resolving on weight restoration. Some 58% of the sample suffered pruritus at low weight in a stable hospital environment. There was a significant association between changes in body mass index and severity of pruritus (P = 0.033), with reduced itching on weight restoration. Pruritus occurred in the absence of abnormalities in thyroid, renal and hepatic function, serum androgens, oedema, dermatoses or compulsive washing. Scratching was manifest as 'scratch prurigo' in five cases. Where itching was present, it was experienced as severe. We discuss a variety of possible explanations, including psychopathology, endocrine factors, regional blood flow variation, eczema and the role of central opioid and serotonergic activity. We argue that anorexia nervosa should be considered in all patients at low weight presenting with pruritus, and pruritus should be considered to be a physical symptom of anorexia nervosa.