tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Pathology: Biopsy of Bone in Internal Medicine: An Atlas and Sourcebook
Authors: Eric Orwoll
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine15 March 1994Reviews and Notes: Pathology: Biopsy of Bone in Internal Medicine: An Atlas and SourcebookEric OrwollEric OrwollPortland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-6-199403150-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Biopsy of Bone in Internal Medicine: An Atlas and SourcebookR. Bartl and B. Frisch. 238 pages. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993. $167.50.Every internist is regularly confronted by skeletal manifestations of systemic disease, and in some specialties (endocrinology, oncology, rheumatology) the endeavor to understand skeletal disorders is an abiding challenge. In this context, the biopsy of bone and the collaboration between internist and bone pathologist is valuable. Yet few sourcebooks are dedicated to aiding this collaboration. Bartl and Frisch have used an enormous experience (70 000 biopsies) to produce a text that nicely fills this clinical niche. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97201 Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 6Page: 528KeywordsBiopsyBoneEndocrinologyMetabolic disordersOsteoporosisPathologistsRheumatologySkeletonSystemic diseasesTotal parenteral nutrition ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Arranging for Air Transportation of the Mentally Ill
Authors: ARMANDO R. FAVAZZA, DONALD L. SCHAEFER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

Arranging air transportation for the mentally ill is frequently a difficult procedure. The authors sent questionnaires to the medical directors of seven airlines, inquiring about their policies in transporting the mentally ill. They summarize the airlines' replies and also describe how their own clinic handles such problems.
Oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein is a chemoattractant for human T lymphocytes.
Authors: H F McMurray, S Parthasarathy, D Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) is a known chemoattractant for monocytes. Here we demonstrate, using a modified Boyden chamber assay, that human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, also respond chemotactically to Ox-LDL, showing a threefold increase over control and an optimum response at 10 micrograms/ml. Copper and endothelial cell-oxidized LDL and beta-VLDL were used and gave similar results. The activity was not chemokinetic and native LDL possessed no chemoattractant activity. The chemoattractant activity was found to reside in the lipid fraction of Ox-LDL. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a major phospholipid component of Ox-LDL and is known to be chemotactic for monocytes. We show that lysophosphatidylcholine is also chemotactic for T lymphocytes with a maximal fourfold increase at 10 microM. Nonmetabolizable analogues of lysophosphatidylcholine had no such chemotactic effect. Thus, Ox-LDL, by virtue of its lysophosphatidylcholine content, may contribute to the recruitment of both T lymphocytes and monocytes into developing atherosclerotic lesions.
Priorities for hospital cleaning, disinfection, sterilisation, and control of infection.
Authors: R Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The continuing high prevalence of infectious diseases in develop? ing countries?in contrast to the dramatic decline of such diseases in the West?has been attributed to many factors, among which poor sanitation and hygiene, inadequate medical services, and malnutrition are foremost. In this article I con? sider what measures may be taken in a district hospital in the Third World, to help in controlling infection and achieving a reasonable standard of hygiene. In developing countries policies for the treatment and control of infectious disease need to be geared to the specific needs of the community and take into account the fact that many hospitals have no electricity, an inadequate water supply, and no reliable sewage facilities. Such circumstances necessitate a simplified and more fundamen? tal approach that is both economically viable and effective. Although direct comparison with standards feasible in the West may not always be appropriate, it may be beneficial in stimulating a re-examination of conventional and possibly wasteful practices. Limited resources and adverse geographical factors are im? portant considerations in formulating public health policies, but effective health measures also call for understanding the local cultural practices and religious beliefs. Various approaches have been made?for example, that put forward by the Environmental
Bacterial Meningitis: A Review of 1,073 Cases.
Authors: Kenrad E. Nelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Bacterial Meningitis: A Review of 1,073 Cases.Kenrad E. Nelson, M.D., Stuart A. Levin, M.D., Mark H. Lepper, M.D., F.A.C.P., Harold W. Spies, M.D., Ruth Lawrence, M.D.Kenrad E. Nelson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stuart A. Levin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Mark H. Lepper, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Harold W. Spies, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ruth Lawrence, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-798_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe course and outcome of 1,073 cases of bacterial meningitis treated in the interval from 1954 to 1965 were reviewed in order to [a] compare the efficacy of tetracycline and chloromycetin in the treatment of H-influenza meningitis and of sulfadiazine chloromycetin and penicillin in meningococcal meningitis in alternate case studies, [b] determine the effect on the course and outcome of bacterial meningitis of suboptimal therapy received prior to hospitalization, and [c] examine secular changes in morbidity and mortality.Of the 196 H-influenza meningitis patients treated with tetracycline, 7 (3.6%) died; 10 (6.5%) of 153 patients treated with chloromycetin died (P... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA 12 year review of the antibiotic managementof Hemophilus influenzae meningitis 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 798-798KeywordsBacterial meningitisHospitalizationsMeningitisMorbidityMortalityPenicillinTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Gamma Globulins and Their Clinical Significance
Authors: David Gitlin, Paul A. M. Gross, Charles A. Janeway
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IN 1948 Arne Tiselius was awarded the Nobel Prize for having developed the technic of electrophoresis, which separates the serum proteins into four major fractions: albumin, and three distinct globulins named alpha, beta and gamma. Since Tiselius1 first identified the gamma globulins as the major antibody proteins, progress in elucidating their physiologic and clinical significance has advanced steadily. Measurement of changes in the amount of serum gamma globulins has proved useful in the diagnosis of disease, and the development of practical plasma-fractionation technics by E. J. Cohn and his co-workers in the early nineteen forties has provided human gamma globulins . . .
Controlled trial of sulphasalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: A. P. Dick, M. J. Grayson, R. G. Carpenter, A. Petrie
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper provides further evidence that sulphasalazine is an effective agent in the treatment of mild or moderate colitis.There was a high incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects and one patient developed haemolytic anaemia.
(1) Generalized granuloma annulare
Authors: A.V. McElwaine, G.E. Allen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article (1) Generalized granuloma annulare Get access A.V. McElwaine, A.V. McElwaine Ulster Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.E. Allen G.E. Allen Ulster Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Pages 43–44, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05271.x Published: 01 July 1984
Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions: Case reports were dismissed too quickly
Authors: Jan P Vandenbroucke
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Case reports of suspected adverse drug reactions Case reports were dismissed too quicklyEditor-The main difference between the replications by Loke et al of Venning's studies from the 1980s and the original is the evidence that is accepted as further follow-up. 1 Loke et al mention that 56 of 63 case reports on adverse reactions were cited at least once but accept only nine instances as valid follow-up: attempts at proof of mechanisms or controlled studies.However, unexpected adverse effects are by definition due to an unknown mechanism, and many established adverse effects still escape elucidation after years.Moreover, further accumulation of anecdotal reports can be sufficient evidence.A 10 year tally of 22 drugs that were withdrawn from the market showed that 18 were prompted by case reports and only four by a controlled study; for at least 13 the case reports proved sufficient reason for withdrawal. 2 A highly unusual event that is repeatedly reported in a recently marketed drug, in the absence of publicity, points to an exceedingly high relative risk, a good argument for cause and effect. 3 Moreover, these risks will be picked up spontaneously. 4 5 Apart from the nine instances of follow-up that were accepted by Loke et al, 15 datasheets were amended and seven BNP drug monographs changed.So, even with some overlap, close to half of the case reports were somehow sufficiently noteworthy to have had consequences.Given the small sample size, this is not far from Venning's original.It is a pity that Loke et al do not make all follow-up more explicit for all 56 instances that followed the 63 reports.Their overall conclusion that lack of follow-up means that case reports are of limited value is a non-sequitur.It shows that a more consistent scheme of hypothesistesting studies by industry, government, or third parties is needed instead of the current haphazard approach to drug safety.Such publications may alert and help clinicians in recognising potential adverse events in their patients.Often there is no other way of discovering something unusual.The record of systematic-that is, controlledpostmarketing surveillance in detecting unexpected adverse effects remains surprisingly poor.
A Prospective Analysis of the HOMA Model: The Mexico City Diabetes Study
Authors: Steven M Haffner, Clicerio Gonzalez, Heikki Miettinen, Esmarie Kennedy, Michael P Stern
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE Both insulin resistance (IR) and decreased insulin secretion have been shown to predict the development of NIDDM. However, methods to assess insulin sensitivity and secretion are complicated and expensive to apply in epidemiological studies. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) has been suggested as a method to assess IR and secretion from the fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We applied the HOMA model in the 3.5-year follow-up of the Mexico City Diabetes Study. RESULTS Out of 1,449 subjects, 97 developed diabetes. When modeled separately insulin resistance but not insulin secretion predicted NIDDM. However, when both variables were entered into the same regression model, both increased IR and decreased β-cell function significantly predicted NIDDM. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the HOMA provides a useful model to assess ²-cell function in epidemiological studies and that it is important to take into account the degree of IR in assessing insulin secretion.
Predictive Model for Plasma Concentration-Versus-Time Profiles of Investigational Anticancer Drugs in Patientsi
Authors: L. E. Davis, D. S. Alberts, P. M. Plezia, D. J. Roe, D. P. Griswold
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

We report a model that provides a strong correlation between mouse toxicity data [mouse lethal dose 10% (LD10)] and human plasma concentration-versus-time (CXT) data for 22 commonly used anticancer agents. Mouse toxicity data (LD10) from two dosing schedules, daily times one and daily times seven, were evaluated for the two mouse strains BDF/1 and Swiss. Data from BDF/1 mice were selected for analysis because they were more abundant. Strong correlations were found between LD10 and human plasma CXT data for both daily times one and daily times seven dosing schedules—In (CXT) = −1.6504 + [0.8408 × In (LD10)], r = .84, P < .0001, and In (CXT) = −0.0754 + [0.8954 × In (LD10)], r = .90, P < .0001, respectively. These correlations may serve as useful models to predict the maximally tolerated dose of an investigational anticancer agent prior to entry into clinical trials and to assist in the selection of clinically relevant in vitro CXTs for new-agent screening against human tumors.
DERMATOPHYTOSIS—THE NEWER RINGWORM
Authors: FRED D. WEIDMAN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It is scarcely necessary to elaborate on the scope and limitations of the disease long known as ringworm. Every physician can envisage how the term may have come into vogue, and how it was at first applied to a variety of more or less circumscribed lesions, annular and otherwise, which had a tendency toward peripheral spreading and perhaps central clearing. I have no doubt that some cases of psoriasis and syphilis were included in that category in the olden days. After that, with the discovery that in most of such cases fungus could be found, the term ringworm became confined to a more contracted group of lesions, not only circumscribed but even diffuse, which were caused by fungus, or at least in which fungus was found. As it stands today, then, any disease of the skin (with the exception of favus) which is caused by fungus may be admitted into
Variants in the ATM Gene Associated with a Reduced Risk of Contralateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Patrick Concannon, Robert W. Haile, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Barry S. Rosenstein, Richard A. Gatti, Sharon N. Teraoka, Anh T. Diep, Laila Jansen, David P. Atencio, Bryan Langholz, Marinela Capanu, Xiaolin Liang, Colin B. Begg, Duncan C. Thomas, Leslie Bernstein, Jørgen H. Olsen, Kathleen E. Malone, Charles F. Lynch, Hoda Anton-Culver, Jonine L. Bernstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Between 5% and 10% of women who survive a first primary breast cancer will subsequently develop a second primary cancer in the contralateral breast. The Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology Study was designed to identify genetic and environmental determinants of contralateral breast cancer (CBC). In this study, 708 women with asynchronous CBC served as cases and 1,397 women with unilateral breast cancer served as controls. ATM, a serine-threonine kinase, controls the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks, and has been implicated in breast cancer risk. Complete mutation screening of the ATM gene in all 2,105 study participants identified 240 distinct sequence variants; only 15 were observed in >1% of subjects. Among the rare variants, deleterious alleles resulting in loss of ATM function were associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk of CBC. In contrast, carriers of common variants had a statistically significant reduction in risk of CBC. Four of these 15 variants were individually associated with a significantly decreased risk of second primary breast cancer [c.1899-55T>G, rate ratio (RR), 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-0.8; c.3161C>G, RR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9; c.5558A>T, RR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6; c.6348-54T>C RR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8]. These data suggest that some alleles of ATM may exert an antineoplastic effect, perhaps by altering the activity of ATM as an initiator of DNA damage responses or a regulator of p53.
Heparin in Acute Coronary Disease — Requiem for a Heavyweight?
Authors: Paul W. Armstrong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Unstable angina and non–Q-wave myocardial infarction together constitute a formidable medical problem. Remarkable recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes have, thus far, outpaced progress in developing novel effective therapies. The 30-day rate of death or myocardial infarction currently approximates 9.1 percent, despite the best conventional therapy with aspirin and intravenous unfractionated heparin.1 The resistance of the acute coronary syndromes to treatment is probably related to their heterogeneous pathophysiology and to the fact that both instability of coronary plaques and hypercoagulability persist for several weeks after the initiation of therapy.2 Despite the widespread use of . . .
Cryptococcal meningitis with false-positive cytology in the CSF. Use of T-cell rosetting to exclude meningeal lymphoma
Authors: S. F. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CRYPTOCOCCAL meningitis is a frequently described complication of malignant lymphoma. A patient with nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (a B-cell neoplasm) had a notable alteration in mental status. Examination of the CSF showed characteristic cryptococcal organisms, but also was believed to demonstrate CNS involvement with lymphoma. A T-cell rosetting assay proved clinically useful by identifying the atypical lymphocytes as T cells rather than neoplastic B cells. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 69-year-old man first came to the Minneapolis Veterans Administration Hospital in April 1973 with leg edema secondary to obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Laparotomy revealed a 12-cm mass. The histopathologic diagnosis was nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (PDLL). Several abdominal nodes were involved and a bone marrow biopsy specimen was positive for lymphoma. The patient was treated with cyclophosphamide and lomustine, with complete clinical response. However, two subsequent relapses required further therapy. The second relapse occurred in May
Insufficient Deactivation of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase Lck Amplifies T-Cell Responsiveness in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sergey Pryshchep, Jörg J. Goronzy, Susmita Parashar, Cornelia M. Weyand
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

In the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, T cells may destabilize the tissue structure through direct cell-injurious effector functions. T cells transmit environmental signals, such as recognition of antigen, into cellular responses through regulated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic proteins, with the Src family kinase Lck (lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase) in critical membrane-proximal position of the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling cascade. The balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation defines the signal transduction threshold and determines appropriate T-cell responses.We have examined whether abnormal calibration of intracellular signaling pathways renders acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients susceptible to disproportionate T-cell responses.Intracellular signaling cascades were quantified in CD4 T cells from ACS patients and control individuals after stimulation with major histocompatibility complex class II-superantigen complexes. ACS T cells mobilized more intracellular calcium and accumulated higher levels of phosphotyrosine than control T cells. Proximal steps in TCR signaling, such as recruitment of ZAP-70 and clustering of TCR complexes in the immune synapse, were abnormally enhanced in ACS T cells. Acceleration of the signaling cascade derived from a proximal defect in ACS T cells, which failed to phosphorylate Lck at Tyr505, extending activation of the Src kinase. Abnormalities in TCR signaling did not correlate with systemic inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein.An intrinsic abnormality in the signaling machinery of ACS T cells resulting in the accumulation of active Lck lowers the TCR threshold and renders lymphocytes hyperreactive and capable of unwanted immune responses.
Accentuated antagonism between beta-adrenergic and vagal effects on ventricular refractoriness in humans.
Authors: F Morady, W H Kou, S D Nelson, M de Buitleir, S Schmaltz, A H Kadish, L K Toivonen, J A Kushner
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is accentuated antagonism between sympathetic and vagal effects on ventricular refractory periods (VRPs) in humans. The effects of 0.04 mg/kg of atropine on the right ventricular effective and functional refractory periods were determined in the setting of beta-adrenergic blockade by propranolol (0.15 mg/kg loading dose, then 0.1 mg/min continuous infusion, group 1) and in the setting of beta-adrenergic stimulation by 25 or 50 ng/kg/min isoproterenol (groups 2 and 3, respectively). Groups 4 to 6 served as control groups. In group 4, VRPs were determined on three occasions separated by 10 min each in the absence of drug. VRPs also were determined on two occasions after infusion of propranolol (group 5) or 25 ng/kg/min of isoproterenol (group 6). Groups 1 to 4 consisted of 10 subjects each, and groups 5 and 6 consisted of five subjects each. VRPs were determined with the use of basic drive cycle lengths of 600, 500, 400, and 350 msec. Because of sinus tachycardia, sufficient data for comparison of groups 1 to 3 were available only at drive cycle lengths of 400 and 350 msec. Atropine significantly shortened the VRPs in groups 1 to 3, but the magnitude of atropine's effects in group 3 (5.3% to 5.8% shortening at drive cycle length of 350 msec) was significantly greater than in group 1 (2.6% to 3.0% shortening, p less than .05) Data from the control groups demonstrated that there was no effect of time on measurement of VRPs either in the drug-free state or in the presence of propranolol or isoproterenol. The results of this study indicate that cholinergic tone lengthens VRPs in the absence of background sympathetic activity and that this lengthening of VRPs may become accentuated during beta-adrenergic stimulation.
Philosophical medical ethics. Conclusion: the Arthur case revisited.
Authors: R Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Throughout his British Medical Journal series of 25 articles on medical ethics, Gillon frequently used the Arthur case (which involved a British physician who faced criminal charges for allowing a Down's syndrome newborn to die) to illustrate moral arguments concerning approaches to clinical dilemmas. He returns to the Arthur case in this essay on the obligations of physicians toward all patients with Down's syndrome. Gillon asks what implications one's view of the moral permissibility of allowing infants with this handicap to die has for the care of adults with the same condition. He concludes that the issue turns on the question of personhood, in particular that of newborns. If newborns are not accorded personhood status, then allowing those with severe handicaps to die may be justified but should not be considered morally different from actively killing them.