tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone formation in mice that do not produce apolipoprotein B48 in the intestine
Authors: Helen H. Wang, David Q.-H. Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract It has been found that polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein (APO)-B gene are associated with cholesterol gallstones in humans. We hypothesized that APO-B plays a major regulatory role in the response of biliary cholesterol secretion to high dietary cholesterol and contributes to cholesterol gallstone formation. In the present study, we investigated whether lack of expression of intestinal Apob48 or Apob100 reduces susceptibility to cholesterol gallstones by decreasing intestinal absorption and biliary secretion of cholesterol in male mice homozygous for an “APO-B48 only” allele ( Apob 48/48 ), an “APO-B100 only” allele ( Apob 100/100 ), or a wild-type APO-B allele ( Apob +/+) before and during an 8-week lithogenic diet. We found that cholesterol absorption was significantly decreased as a result of the APO-B48 deficiency in Apob 100/100 mice compared with wild-type and Apob 48/48 mice, regardless of whether chow or the lithogenic diet was administered. Consequently, hepatic cholesterol synthesis was significantly increased in Apob 100/100 mice compared with wild-type and Apob 48/48 mice. On chow, the APO-B100 deficiency in Apob 48/48 mice with reduced plasma levels of LDL/VLDL —but not HDL cholesterol—induced relative hyposecretion of biliary bile salts and phospholipids accompanying normal biliary cholesterol secretion. Compared with Apob 48/48 and wild-type mice, lithogenic diet–fed Apob 100/100 mice displayed significantly lower secretion rates of biliary cholesterol, but not phospholipid or bile salts, which results in significant decreases in prevalence rates, numbers, and sizes of gallstones. In conclusion , absence of expression of intestinal Apob48 , but not Apob100 , reduces biliary cholesterol secretion and cholelithogenesis, possibly by decreasing intestinal absorption and hepatic bioavailability. (Hepatology 2005;42:894–904.)
CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio predicts HIV infection in infants: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute P2C2 Study
Authors: William T. Shearer, Savita Pahwa, Jennifer S. Read, Jian Chen, Sameera R. Wijayawardana, Paul Palumbo, Elaine J. Abrams, Stephen R. Nesheim, Wanrong Yin, Bruce Thompson, Kirk A. Easley
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Problems in Homosexuality
Authors: Howard J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The letter of Dr. Conrad Chyatte (227:1262, 1974) is offensive to me as a homosexual and is unacceptable to me as a medical scientist.  He suggests that paranoid tendencies are common in lesbianism. This statement cannot possibly be substantiated since only a tiny percentage, certainly under 1%, of lesbians have been examined by psychiatrists or other researchers. I can assure him that lesbians as a group do not have paranoid tendencies. He further equates femininity in men with homosexuality. Most homosexuals are not effeminate, and furthermore, homosexual men do not have the typical persecutory suspicion of the clandestines. Dr. Chyatte must be studying a strange sample of homosexuals. Incidentally, I see nothing wrong with men being effeminate.  He really shows his ignorance of or lack of decency toward homosexuals by his use of fruitful in the last sentence, apparently alluding to the fact that homosexuals have been
Distinct Subsets of CD1d-restricted T Cells Recognize Self-antigens Loaded in Different Cellular Compartments
Authors: Ya-Hui Chiu, Jayanthi Jayawardena, Angela Weiss, Daniel Lee, Se-Ho Park, Alice Dautry-Varsat, Albert Bendelac
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Although recent studies have indicated that the major histocompatibility complex-like, beta2-microglobulin-associated CD1 molecules might function to present a novel chemical class of antigens, lipids and glycolipids, to alpha/beta T cells, little is known about the T cell subsets that interact with CD1. A subset of CD1d-autoreactive, natural killer (NK)1.1 receptor-expressing alpha/beta T cells has recently been identified. These cells, which include both CD4(-)CD8(-) and CD4(+) T cells, preferentially use an invariant Valpha14-Jalpha281 T cell receptor (TCR) alpha chain paired with a Vbeta8 TCR beta chain in mice, or the homologous Valpha24-JalphaQ/Vbeta11 in humans. This cell subset can explosively release key cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma upon TCR engagement and may regulate a variety of infectious and autoimmune conditions. Here, we report the existence of a second subset of CD1d-restricted CD4(+) T cells that do not express the NK1.1 receptor or the Valpha14 TCR. Like the Valpha14(+) NK1.1(+) T cells, these T cells exhibit a high frequency of autoreactivity to CD1d, use a restricted albeit distinct set of TCR gene families, and contribute to the early burst of IL-4 and IFN-gamma induced by intravenous injection of anti-CD3. However, the Valpha14(+) NK1.1(+) and Valpha14(-) NK1.1(-) T cells differ markedly in their requirements for self-antigen presentation. Antigen presentation to the Valpha14(+) NK1.1(+) cells requires endosomal targeting of CD1d through a tail-encoded tyrosine-based motif, whereas antigen presentation to the Valpha14(-) NK1.1(-) cells does not. These experiments suggest the existence of two phenotypically different subsets of CD1d-restricted T cells that survey self-antigens loaded in distinct cellular compartments.
A Comparison of Three Initial Antiretroviral AIDS Regimens
Authors: Heather J. Ribaudo, Daniel R. Kuritzkes, Roy M. Gulick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The findings of a randomized study of three antiretroviral regimens for the initial treatment of HIV infection show that the triple-nucleoside regimen was inferior virologically to both the four-drug regimen and the three-drug, standard-of-care regimen.
Hyperamylasemia with Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: R. W. AMMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Two patients with pronounced hyperamylasemia and hyperamylasuria, associated with metastatic carcinoma of the lung, are described. The primary lung tumor in the one patient with tissue available for assay contained adrenocorticotrophin and had a pronounced degree of amylase activity. Ion exchange chromatography further showed that the motility pattern of the amylase in the serum, urine, and tumor tissue of this patient resembled salivary amylase. Assay of metastatic lesions in both patients showed amylase activity levels that exceeded those in the serum. These observations indicate that amylase may be produced ectopically in some carcinomatous lung tumors and that amylase of this origin may cause pronounced and persistent hyperamylasemia.
The Challenge of Managing Wheezing in Infants
Authors: Urs Frey, Erika von Mutius
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Around the world, thousands of times a day, an infant 6 to 8 months old with a runny nose, a cough, and wheezing arrives in a pediatrician's office or an outpatient clinic. In Western countries about one in three children has at least one episode of wheezing before his or her third birthday.1 Even with all these wheezy children, we still do not know the answers to a number of basic questions. What is the cause and type of the wheezing illness in an individual child? What does it portend for the future of this child? How should it be . . .
Comparison of Computed Tomographic Scans
Authors: D. L. Wishart
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The response of a bronchogenic carcinoma to 4,000 rad of external radiation is ostensibly illustrated by sections selected from two sequential computed tomographic (CT) scans of the thorax, as described by Dr Nori and colleagues (1982; 248:2491). It is obvious, however, that the second section, said to show paradoxical destruction of a vertebral body concomitant with a decrease in size of the adjacent soft-tissue mass, is from a slightly different level and is not strictly comparable with the first section. There are at least two other possible interpretations of the second section. (1) Destructive changes were not as clearly shown in the first scan because they "fell through the cracks" between CT slices. (2) The second CT section shows anatomic or positional asymmetry of the vertebral body at its inferior margin and is not showing destruction at all. Care must be exercised in comparing CT scans, which
PODS and TRONS
Authors: Gregory L. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I have discovered a new video game. I am worried because I am spending more and more of my time playing the game and less and less time practicing medicine. Since this game may become an obsession throughout the country, I felt it my duty to warn physicians about this potential public health problem. The game is called "PODS and TRONS." There are two opposing sides—the PODS, who are fiends with the names orthopod, eye-pod, general-pod, and ENT-pod, and the TRONS, a gruesome group made up of cardiotrons, dermatrons, radiotrons, and internatrons. The objective of the game is to keep your own "turf" and to try to acquire turf from the opposing side. The PODS can use knives and lances to defend their turf and obtain a new turf. The TRONS have scopes and magical potions to do battle. The game does seem rather silly because while the opposing sides
Gains of the proto-oncogene BCL11A and nuclear accumulation of BCL11AXL protein are frequent in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma
Authors: M A Weniger, K Pulford, S Gesk, S Ehrlich, A H Banham, L Lyne, J I Martin-Subero, R Siebert, M J S Dyer, P Möller, T F E Barth
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Combination therapy with diltiazem and nifedipine in patients with effort angina pectoris.
Authors: N Toyosaki, T Toyo-oka, T Natsume, T Katsuki, T Tateishi, T Yaginuma, S Hosoda
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The antianginal effects of diltiazem and nifedipine alone and in combination were evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 11 patients (nine men and two women, 57 +/- 8 years old) with stable effort angina. Each patient received placebo, 30 mg of diltiazem, 10 mg of nifedipine, and 30 mg of diltiazem plus 10 mg of nifedipine four times daily for 1 week each. Antianginal efficacy was assessed by means of a treadmill exercise test. The exercise tolerance time was significantly prolonged from 235.1 +/- 52 (placebo period) to 342.2 +/- 101 sec by diltiazem (p less than .01) and to 325.6 +/- 73 sec by nifedipine (p less than .01). The drug combination further prolonged exercise time to 451.1 +/- 103 sec, which was significantly longer than the interval attained with either diltiazem (p less than .01) or nifedipine (p less than .01) alone. The plasma concentration of diltiazem was unaffected by the addition of nifedipine, whereas the plasma nifedipine concentration was significantly increased from 34.8 +/- 11 to 106.4 +/- 37 ng/ml (p less than .001) by the concomitant administration of diltiazem. These data suggest that exercise tolerance in patients with effort angina is increased by the concomitant administration of diltiazem and nifedipine associated with an increase in the nifedipine plasma concentration.
Atrial septal defect in patients ages 60 years or older: operative results and long-term postoperative follow-up.
Authors: M G John Sutton, A J Tajik, D C McGoon
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Between 1955 and 1977, 66 patients ages 60 years or older underwent operative closure of secundum atrial septal defect. Of these, 56 (85%) were catheterized preoperatively. The 56 patients were divided into three groups to assess the effects of pulmonary hypertension on operative mortality, symptoms and longevity. The 17 group 1 patients had peak systolic pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs) of less than 40 mm Hg; the 21 group 2 patients had PAPs of 40-60 mm Hg; and the 18 group 3 patients had PAPs of more than 60 mm Hg. Among the three groups, there was no significant difference in Qp/Qs, right or left atrial pressures, right or left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and Qs, although pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in group 3 than in group 1. Four patients died, yielding an operative mortality of 6%. All four patients had undergone additional operative procedures. Operative mortality was unrelated to preoperative symptom class, PAP or pulmonary vascular resistance. Forty-seven patients were followed up for 2-20 years (mean 6.6 years), and of these, 41 (87%) improved by at least one functional class. Symptomatic benefit occurred in all groups, regardless of preoperative PAP, pulmonary vascular resistance or functional class. Actuarial survival curves showed that longevity at 5 and 10 years postoperatively was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) for patient with atrial septal defect treated surgically compared with that predicted for age-matched patients treated medically.
A Pilot Community-Based Screening Program for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Irwin R Merkatz, Method A Duchon, Toyoko S Yamashita, Harold B Houser
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

A pilot community-based screening program for gestational diabetes has been in operation in Cleveland, Ohio, since April 1, 1977. A socioeconomic and racially heterogeneous group of pregnant women are being routinely tested at approximately 24–28 wk of gestation by a capillary whole blood glucose determination, 2-h after a 75-g oral challenge. The results of the first 2225 screenings are analyzed in terms of the variables of maternal race, age, and stage of gestation. The overall incidence of positive screenings (≥ 120 mg/dl) is shown to be 11.5%, with significantly more positive tests among the whites than the nonwhites. Follow-up oral glucose tolerance testing results in an overall detection rate for abnormal carbohydrate metabolism of 3.1%. The data suggest that a 2-h screening procedure is more efficient than a 1-h procedure in that fewer confirmatory glucose tolerance tests need to be performed in order to yield this rate of detection. It may soon be feasible to introduce such a program on a wider community basis in concert with regionalized perinatal care.
Microsurgery in Trauma
Authors: Elof Eriksson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The authors represent a wealth of microsurgical experience that is summarized in this volume. It is divided into sections covering basic principles, replantation, nerve injuries, and tissue transplantation. An appendix contains a listing of the manufacturers of microsurgical equipment. The chapters on basic principles and techniques are thorough, to the point, and very informative. Like the rest of the chapters, they are very well illustrated. Replantation and nerve injuries are dealt with in great detail with frequent references to the literature. The general concepts of free tissue transfer as well as the technical considerations are discussed. After this follows the most outstanding portion of this monograph: a detailed description of the commonly used free flaps. The anatomy, design, and elevation of the flaps are highlighted in each chapter. Hidalgo demonstrates very clearly not only that is he a good illustrator, but also that he knows precisely where the important anatomic
Recursive Partitioning Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Malignant Glioma Trials
Authors: W. J. Curran, C. B. Scott, J. Horton, J. S. Nelson, A. S. Weinstein, A. J. Fischbach, C. H. Chang, M. Rotman, S. O. Asbell, R. E. Krisch, D. F. Nelson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Recursive Partitioning Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Malignant Glioma Trials Get access Walter J. Curran, Jr, Walter J. Curran, Jr 1Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa * Correspondence to: Walter J. Curran, Jr., M.D., Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles B. Scott, Charles B. Scott 2Radiation Therapy Oncology GroupPhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Horton, John Horton 3Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Moffitt Cancer CenterTampa, Fla Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James S. Nelson, James S. Nelson 4Armed Forces Institute of PathologyWashington, D.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan S. Weinstein, Alan S. Weinstein 5MoorestownNJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Jennifer Fischbach, A. Jennifer Fischbach 6LDS HospitalSalt Lake City, Utah Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chu H. Chang, Chu H. Chang 7Columbia Presbyterian HospitalNew York, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marvin Rotman, Marvin Rotman 8State University of New YorkBrooklyn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sucha O. Asbell, Sucha O. Asbell 9Albert Einstein Medical CollegePhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert E. Krisch, Robert E. Krisch 10Veterans Administraton Medical CenterPhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ... Show more Diane F. Nelson Diane F. Nelson 11Highland HospitalRochester, N.Y Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 9, 5 May 1993, Pages 704–710, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.9.704 Published: 05 May 1993 Article history Received: 25 September 1992 Revision received: 22 January 1993 Accepted: 25 January 1993 Published: 05 May 1993
DISINFECTANTS AND DISINFECTION.
Authors: HENRY ALBERT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The subject of disinfection is so broad and covers such a wide range of considerations that it is impossible to discuss it properly in the brief time allowed for this paper. Important as are such subjects as the disinfection of the patient's body, instruments, dressings, discharges of various kinds, etc., I have deemed it more important to view and consider the subject from the broader standpoint, namely, the disinfection of premises following contagious diseases. For the disinfection of premises following contagious diseases a great many substances might be used. It may safely be said, I believe, that nine out of every ten of the advertised disinfectants are of very little value. Some of them are of some value as antiseptics and deodorants. Many of these advertisements are accompanied by good testimonials. There are three agencies that we should always keep in mind in general disinfection: 1, A gaseous disinfectant; 2,
Identification of a Functional SNP in the 3′UTR of CXCR2 That Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Lung Cancer
Authors: Bríd M. Ryan, Ana I. Robles, Andrew C. McClary, Majda Haznadar, Elise D. Bowman, Sharon R. Pine, Derek Brown, Mohammed Khan, Kouya Shiraishi, Takashi Kohno, Hirokazu Okayama, Ramakrishna Modali, Jun Yokota, Curtis C. Harris
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Global changes in gene expression accompany the development of cancer. Thus, inherited variants in miRNA-binding sites are likely candidates for conferring inherited susceptibility. Using an in silico approach, we compiled a comprehensive list of SNPs predicted to modulate miRNA binding in genes from several key lung cancer pathways. We then investigated whether these SNPs were associated with lung cancer risk in two independent populations. In general, SNPs in miRNA-binding sites are rare. However, some allelic variation was observed. We found that rs1126579 in CXCR2 was associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in both European American [ORTT vs. CC 0.56 (0.37–0.88); P = 0.008] and Japanese [ORTT vs. CC 0.62 (0.38–1.00); P = 0.049] populations. Furthermore, we found that the SNP disrupted a novel binding site for miR-516a-3p, led to a moderate increase in CXCR2 mRNA and protein expression, and increased MAPK signaling. Moreover, analysis of rs1126579 with serum levels of IL8, its endogenous ligand, supported an interaction whereby rs1126579-T and high serum IL8 conferred synergistic protection from lung cancer. Our findings demonstrate a function for a 3′UTR SNP in modulating CXCR2 expression, signaling, and susceptibility to lung cancer. Cancer Res; 75(3); 566–75. ©2014 AACR.
Health and Social Justice
Authors: Pat Fosarelli
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consumptive Coagulopathy in Fulminant Meningococcemia
Authors: Lewis H. Dennis
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Meningococcemia with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome caused death in a 21-year-old woman. This patient had marked abnormalities of multiple coagulation factors, which suggested that disseminated intravascular coagulation played an important role in the morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Risk Alleles in CFH and ARMS2 Are Independently Associated with Systemic Complement Activation in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Dzenita Smailhodzic, Caroline C.W. Klaver, B. Jeroen Klevering, Camiel J.F. Boon, Joannes M.M. Groenewoud, Bernd Kirchhof, Mohamed R. Daha, Anneke I. den Hollander, Carel B. Hoyng
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)