tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Anatomy of the Human Genome
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Since 1956, the anatomy of the human genome has been described on the basis of chromosome studies, gene mapping, and DNA sequencing. The gross anatomy of Andreas Vesalius, published in 1543, played a leading role in the development of modern medicine. The objective of this article is to show that knowledge of genomic anatomy is having a comparably strong and pervasive influence on all of medicine. The research revealing human genome anatomy is reviewed. The insight provided by genome anatomy has brought about shifts of focus, both in research and in the clinic, eg, from genomics to proteomic and from the individually rare, single-gene disorders to common disorders. Genomic anatomy permits medicine to become more predictive and preventive. At the same time, diagnosis and treatment are rendered more sensitive, specific, effective, and safe. Hazards in misuse and misunderstanding of the information exist. Education of both the public and health professionals is vital if the full benefits of neo-Vesalian medicine are to be realized.
Muci specific IGE to modify myeloid derived cells of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: J Mollick, M Madiyalakan, C Nicodemus
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts We have used antibody (MAb) specific to hypoglycosylated tumor associated MUC1 as a strategy to induce tumor specific immunity. Xenotypic IgG1κ has been previously shown to induce T cell immunity targeting MUC1 in patients. We now describe MUC1 specific IgE to reprogram myeloid
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)
Authors: Joanna Pepke-Zaba, Marion Delcroix, Irene Lang, Eckhard Mayer, Pavel Jansa, David Ambroz, Carmen Treacy, Andrea M. D'Armini, Marco Morsolini, Repke Snijder, Paul Bresser, Adam Torbicki, Bent Kristensen, Jerzy Lewczuk, Iveta Simkova, Joan A. Barberà, Marc de Perrot, Marius M. Hoeper, Sean Gaine, Rudolf Speich, Miguel A. Gomez-Sanchez, Gabor Kovacs, Abdul Monem Hamid, Xavier Jaïs, Gérald Simonneau
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is often a sequel of venous thromboembolism with fatal natural history; however, many cases can be cured by pulmonary endarterectomy. The clinical characteristics and current management of patients enrolled in an international CTEPH registry was investigated. Methods and Results— The international registry included 679 newly diagnosed (≤6 months) consecutive patients with CTEPH, from February 2007 until January 2009. Diagnosis was confirmed by right heart catheterization, ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy, computerized tomography, and/or pulmonary angiography. At diagnosis, a median of 14.1 months had passed since first symptoms; 427 patients (62.9%) were considered operable, 247 (36.4%) nonoperable, and 5 (0.7%) had no operability data; 386 patients (56.8%, ranging from 12.0%– 60.9% across countries) underwent surgery. Operable patients did not differ from nonoperable patients relative to symptoms, New York Heart Association class, and hemodynamics. A history of acute pulmonary embolism was reported for 74.8% of patients (77.5% operable, 70.0% nonoperable). Associated conditions included thrombophilic disorder in 31.9% (37.1% operable, 23.5% nonoperable) and splenectomy in 3.4% of patients (1.9% operable, 5.7% nonoperable). At the time of CTEPH diagnosis, 37.7% of patients initiated at least 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension–targeted therapy (28.3% operable, 53.8% nonoperable). Pulmonary endarterectomy was performed with a 4.7% documented mortality rate. Conclusions— Despite similarities in clinical presentation, operable and nonoperable CTEPH patients may have distinct associated medical conditions. Operability rates vary considerably across countries, and a substantial number of patients (operable and nonoperable) receive off-label pulmonary arterial hypertension–targeted treatments.
PRIMARY THROMBOSIS OF THE SUBCLAVIAN VEIN
Authors: C. H. S. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1933)

LrMEDICAL JOURNAL made either unlikely.Now, however-quite justifiably, as I think-we considered the condition.a commencing acute pneumonia.At 6 p.m. he seemed better; his temperature was 1000, his respirations were 48, and he had no pain.The next morning he was standing on the window sill, and greeted me cheerily as I came up the garden path.His temperature was 980, and he seemed normal in every respect.On the 26t-h he had a return of the symptoms of two days before, with the addition of a pain in the back, which prevented him raising himself from the bed.On the 27th he had violent nasal catarrlh, andIhis evening temperature was 99.8°, but alter this date he recovered completely.In addition to this patient the household consisted of his father and mother and his three brothers, two of whom, aged 4 and 6, 'were attacked respectively on the 25th and 26th, and two little girls, contacts, aged 5 and 7, on the 27th.It would be tedious to describe all these cases, as they differed very little from the first, but the following is a summary of the symptoms.
CLINICAL USES OF 2,3-DIMERCAPTOPROPANOL (BAL). VI. THE TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF ARSENO-THERAPY WITH BAL (BRITISH ANTI-LEWISITE) 1
Authors: A. B. Carleton, R. A. Peters, L. A. Stocken, R. H. S. Thompson, D. I. Williams, I. D. E. Storey, G. A. Levvy, A. C. Chance
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1946)
Interferon-Gamma, the Activated Macrophage, and Host Defense Against Microbial Challenge
Authors: HENRY W. MURRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Recent research on human macrophage activation has reemphasized the critical role of the lymphokine-secreting T cell in converting quiescent macrophages to efficient microbicidal phagocytes. Interferon-gamma, a key lymphokine secreted by antigen-triggered T4+ helper cells, is capable of inducing the macrophage to act against a diverse group of microbial targets, in particular, intracellular pathogens. In animal models, treatment with recombinant interferon-gamma is beneficial in systemic intracellular infections, and inhibition of endogenous interferon-gamma activity impairs host resistance. Trials in patients with cancer, leprosy, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have shown that interferon-gamma can activate the mononuclear phagocyte in humans. This research and the identification of patients whose T cells fail to produce interferon-gamma properly has set the stage for evaluating the role of macrophage-activating immunotherapy using interferongamma in various human infectious diseases.
Acne severity and itch are associated: results from a Norwegian survey of 3775 adolescents
Authors: F. Dalgard, J.A. Halvorsen, S.G. Kwatra, G. Yosipovitch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Funding sources: University of Oslo and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Acne and itch1 are highly associated with stress, but the relationship between acne and itch is not defined. Two small studies showed itch to be common among patients with acne in Singapore2 and Poland.3 The aim of this study was to examine the association between acne severity and itch in a large sample of adolescents from the general population. This was a cross‐sectional and questionnaire‐based study, conducted at the University of Oslo with the Norwegian Institute of Public Health and the Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway. The study methods have been described previously.4 In 2004 in Oslo, all students (18–19 years of age) in their final year of schooling and 1085 others aged 18–19 not in their final year of schooling were invited by mail to participate; 4744 were invited and 3775 (80%) completed the questionnaire.
IL-25 as a novel therapeutic target in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Hyun-Woo Shin, Dong-Kyu Kim, Min-Hyun Park, Kyoung Mi Eun, Mingyu Lee, Daeho So, Il Gyu Kong, Ji-Hun Mo, Min-Suk Yang, Hong Ryul Jin, Jong-Wan Park, Dae Woo Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Evolutionary Dynamics in a Novel L2 Clade of Non-LTR Retrotransposons in Deuterostomia
Authors: Nika Lovšin, Franc Gubenšek, Dušan Kordi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The evolution of the novel L2 clade of non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons and their evolutionary dynamics in Deuterostomia has been examined. The short-term evolution of long interspersed nuclear element 2s (LINE2s) has been studied in 18 reptilian species by analysis of a PCR amplified 0.7-kb fragment encoding the palm/fingers subdomain of reverse transcriptase (RT). Most of the reptilian LINE2s examined are inactive since they contain multiple stop codons, indels, or frameshift mutations that disrupt the RT. Analysis of reptilian LINE2s has shown a high degree of sequence divergence and an unexpectedly large number of deletions. The evolutionary dynamics of LINE2s in reptiles has been found to be complex. LINE2s are shown to form a novel clade of non-LTR retrotransposons that is well separated from the CR1 clade. This novel L2 clade is more widely distributed than previously thought, and new representatives have been discovered in echinoderms, insects, teleost fishes, Xenopus, Squamata, and marsupials. There is an apparent absence of LINE2s from different vertebrate classes, such as cartilaginous fishes, Archosauria (birds and crocodiles), and turtles. Whereas the LINE2s are present in echinoderms and teleost fishes in a conserved form, in most tetrapods only highly degenerated pseudogenes can be found. The predominance of inactive LINE2s in Tetrapoda indicates that, in the host genomes, only inactive copies are still present. The present data indicate that the vertical inactivation of LINE2s might have begun at the time of Tetrapoda origin, 400 MYA. The evolutionary dynamics of the L2 clade in Deuterostomia can be described as a gradual vertical inactivation in Tetrapoda, stochastic loss in Archosauria and turtles, and strict vertical transmission in echinoderms and teleost fishes.
BMA supports GP contract framework
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The GPs' negotiators have received the overwhelming support of the BMA for their proposals for a new GP contract, set out in the framework document Your Contract, Your Future (27 April, p 994).

The chairman of the General Practitioners Committee (GPC), Dr John Chisholm, told the BMA's annual representative meeting last week that the contract would be focused on quality and outcomes, with incentives and opportunities for continuous, …
Phenytoin-Dexamethasone: A Possible Drug-Drug Interaction
Authors: Douglas D. Wong
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Phenytoin and dexamethasone are administered prophylactically in combination to prevent potential central nervous system complications seen in patients with head trauma and metastatic brain disease. Two different types of drug interactions have been reported to occur between phenytoin and dexamethasone. Liver enzyme stimulation by phenytoin may enhance dexamethasone's elimination, thereby reducing its steroidal effect.<sup>1,2</sup>Lawson et al<sup>3</sup>reported that serum concentrations of phenytoin were elevated in patients receiving concurrent dexamethasone therapy.<sup>3</sup> We report our observations from a retrospective study of patients receiving both drugs. Unlike Lawson et al our findings indicate that phenytoin concentrations are routinely lowered when dexamethasone is concurrently prescribed. In the patients studied, phenytoin dosages had to be increased to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations (10 to 20 μg/mL). <h3>Patients and Methods.—</h3> For a three-month period we identified all patients who received a combination of phenytoin and dexamethasone. Forty patient records were reviewed and data
Cellulitis and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: DAVID GINSBURG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

ExcerptTo the editor: Two articles in the November issue (1, 2) described 14 patients with recurrent cellulitis after coronary artery bypass surgery. We report the case of an additional patient, which is of interest because infection due to Streptococcus was documented, and prophylactic antibiotics were found to be effective.A 74-year-old man had had triple coronary artery bypass surgery in September 1980. Virtually the entire length of the left saphenous vein was removed, from the ankle to the groin. After surgery he had moderate edema of his left leg. About 2 months after surgery he was hospitalized for cellulitis, which...
WHO issues mental health intervention guide to scale up care in poor countries
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The World Health Organization has issued new guidelines to simplify the diagnosis and treatment of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in non-specialised health settings in an effort to scale up care for millions of people who currently receive no care.

The manual is aimed at primary health care providers in poorly resourced countries and includes guidance on evidence based interventions to identify and manage several priority conditions, including depression, psychosis, bipolar disorders, epilepsy and seizures, and dementia.

It also covers behavioural and developmental disorders, alcohol and drug use disorders, and suicide. …
The Enteroinsular Axis Revisited
Authors: John W. Ensinck, David A. D'Alessio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

THE connection between the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic islets has been described as the enteroinsular axis.1 It comprises a network including nutrients, enteric hormones, and neural signals that together mediate or modulate the release of islet-cell hormones. The importance of a gut-endocrine interaction, originally proposed in the 19th century, became clear in the 1960s when it was found that glucose administered orally caused the release of two to three times more insulin than a comparable amount of glucose administered intravenously. The term "incretin," coined by Zunz and LaBarre in 1929, now embraces all the insulinotropic substances originating in the gastrointestinal . . .
Continuing medical education: a personal view
Authors: T M Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Policy ofMedical Action for Global Security (MEDACT, the UK affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention ofNuclear War) * A comprehensive test ban treaty * Cutoff of the production of fissile and related material-military and civil plutonium, highly en- riched uranium, and tritium * A declaration ofno first use ofnuclear weapons * Further progressive reduction of warheads and delivery systems, beyond START II, by all the declared nuclear weapons states * Legally binding security assurances for the non- nuclear weapon states * Standardisation of civil nuclear supplies (equip- ment and material) to non-nuclear weapon states, dependent on verifiable guarantees of use and enforceable by sanctions * Signature and ratification, by an agreed date, of a convention making illegal under intemational law the production, testing, possession, and use of nuclear weapons under any circumstances
Familial hypercholesterolaemia: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: A. S Wierzbicki, S. E Humphries, R. Minhas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The estimated prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia in the United Kingdom is 1 in 500. Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia carries a high risk of premature coronary heart disease (>50% risk in men by the age of 50 years and >30% in women by 60 years), but the condition is underdiagnosed. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on diagnosing and managing familial hypercholesterolaemia.1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group's opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Diagnosis ### Management in primary care
Assessment of the skin penetration properties of different vehicles for topically applied hydrocortisone
Authors: Martin Whitefield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Assessment of the skin penetration properties of different vehicles for topically applied hydrocortisone Get access Martin Whitefield Martin Whitefield Dermal Laboratories Limited, Gosmore, Hitchin, Herts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 6, 1 June 1979, Page 736, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb08084.x Published: 01 June 1979
The Case for Minority Admissions
Authors: Arthur Schatzkin, John Yergan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN 1970 the Association of American Medical Colleges set a goal of 12 per cent minority representation in American medical schools by the 1975–76 academic year. This goal was not achieved. First-year minority enrollment peaked at 10 per cent in 1974–75, but by 1976–77 was down to 9.1 per cent.1 In New York City medical schools, minorities now make up only 6.9 per cent of the first-year class, 1.5 per cent less than the figure of five years earlier.2 A decade ago affirmative action for minorities was considered to be "an idea whose time has come." Recently, however, serious questions . . .
PD4-2-2: Phase II study of irinotecan and S-1 combination therapy in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLS): results of West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group trial (WJTOG3505)
Authors: Hiroshige Yoshioka, Isamu Okamoto, Akihito Kubo, Koji Takeda, Shunichi Sugawara, Noriyuki Ebi, Nobuyuki Katakami, Masahiro Tsuboi, Takashi Nishimura, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Determination of regurgitant fraction in isolated mitral or aortic regurgitation by pulsed Doppler two-dimensional echocardiography
Authors: Roxann Rokey, Leroy L. Sterling, William A. Zoghbi, Michele P. Sartori, Marian C. Limacher, Lawrence C. Kuo, Miguel A. Quinones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Pemphigus and Pemphigoid
Authors: George L. Fite
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our knowledge regarding the nature of pemphigus has slowly developed, without the final chapter having yet been written. This splendidly illustrated monograph indicates our present knowledge and clarifies the varieties of pemphigus and clinically related dermatological processes. Lever describes in detail four varieties of pemphigus; these are not to be considered four separate diseases. There are really only two major forms, pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. Even a fifth variety, the Brazilian pemphigus, is a variant of pemphigus foliaceus. The varieties are carefully described and histologically identified. Two types of pemphigoid are differentiated from pemphigus proper. Because acantholysis is absent in these, controversies over the relations between them and pemphigus itself are thoughtfully discussed. The modern treatment of pemphigus, especially with steroid preparations, is brought up to date. Although life-saving in many cases, steroids in other cases provoke such severe side reactions that they must themselves be regarded as causes
Responsiveness of in situ canine nodose ganglion afferent neurones to epicardial mechanical or chemical stimuli
Authors: J A Armour, M H Huang, A Pelleg, C Sylven
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Responsiveness of in situ canine nodose ganglion afferent neurones to epicardial mechanical or chemical stimuli Get access J A Armour, J A Armour Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Canada: J A Armour, M H Huang; Likoff Cardiovascular Institute, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; A Pelleg; Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden: C Sylvén. Correspondence to Dr Armour. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M H Huang, M H Huang Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Canada: J A Armour, M H Huang; Likoff Cardiovascular Institute, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; A Pelleg; Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden: C Sylvén. Correspondence to Dr Armour. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A Pelleg, A Pelleg Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Canada: J A Armour, M H Huang; Likoff Cardiovascular Institute, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; A Pelleg; Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden: C Sylvén. Correspondence to Dr Armour. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C Sylvén C Sylvén Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Canada: J A Armour, M H Huang; Likoff Cardiovascular Institute, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; A Pelleg; Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden: C Sylvén. Correspondence to Dr Armour. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 8, August 1994, Pages 1218–1225, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.8.1218 Published: 01 August 1994 Article history Received: 31 January 1994 Accepted: 25 March 1994 Published: 01 August 1994
Robert Martin Rowan
Authors: Mitchell Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Epidemiologist who showed that smoking caused cancer and heart disease Sir Richard Doll was the world's most distinguished medical epidemiologist.He established his reputation alongside Sir Austin Bradford Hill, showing that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer.He then went on to show it caused bladder and other cancers, and cardiovascular disease.He did seminal work with Richard Peto on the health of doctors and their families, demonstrating an increased incidence of suicide and liver disease.He also carried out major research on the risks and benefits of the contraceptive pill, on low level radiation, and the dietary treatment of gastric ulcers.Doll went to work with Bradford Hill at the Medical Research Council in January 1948.Government statisticians had drawn the MRC's attention to a huge recent increase in lung cancer deaths, and the MRC held a conference to decide whether the increase was real and, if so, whether a cause could be identified.
FDA seeks global partners to improve safety of imported food, medicines, and devices
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The US Food and Drug Administration has announced a new “Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality” to confront the increasing flow of foods, drugs, and medical devices imported into the US—some of which have led to illnesses and deaths. The agency said it will join with similar agencies worldwide.

Margaret Hamburg, FDA commissioner, said, “There has been a perfect storm—more products, more manufacturers, more countries, and more access. A dramatic change in strategy must be implemented.”

The report says, “Globalization has fundamentally altered the economic and security landscape and demands a major change in the way FDA fulfills its mission to promote and …
The Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Right Bundle Branch Block
Authors: J. A. ABILDSKOV, C. E. JACKSON, G. E. BURCH, J. A. CRONVICH
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The spatial vectorcardiograms of 24 subjects with electrocardiographic evidence of right bundle branch block are described. Correlation of the vectorcardiographic patterns observed, with clinical and roentgenologic data, suggests that the recognition of ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of such a conduction defect may be improved by this method of study.