tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different Metastasis Patterns of a Human Melanoma Cell Line in Nude Mice and Rats:Influence of Microenvironment
Authors: Inge Kjønniksen, Hanne Kleppe Høifødt, Alexander Pihl, Øystein Fodstad
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

The metastatic capacity of intravenously injected human FEMX-I melanoma cells in athymic nude mice and rats was compared. Young rats given 1 x 10(6) ascites tumor cells all died of lung tumors with a life span of 50 +/- 10 days (mean +/- SD). In contrast, in accordance with previous findings, only extrapulmonary metastases developed in mice. This host-dependent difference in metastasis pattern permitted studies on the role of factors that may influence the organ specificity of metastases. The tissue distribution of 125I-labeled FEMX-I cells did not differ in the two nude species during the first 12 hours after cell injection. The plating efficiency of FEMX-I cells in soft agar was increased by the addition of conditioned medium prepared from rat lungs, resulting also in a significant increase in colony size. In contrast, conditioned medium prepared from mouse lungs reduced the clonogenic capacity of the FEMX-I cells in a dose-dependent manner. Conditioned media prepared from rat and mouse liver, kidney, and spleen tissues either inhibited or had no effect on colony formation. The results suggest that the unexpected differential metastatic patterns observed in vivo may reflect differences in the presence of growth-modulating paracrine factors in the host lungs.
The effect of aminophylline on the force-length characteristics of the diaphragm.
Authors: T Wanke, M Merkle, U Zifko, D Formanek, H Lahrmann, W Grisold, H Zwick
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of aminophylline on the contractile function of the human diaphragm during varying muscle fiber length. Ten healthy subjects were studied during maximal sniff maneuvers and bilateral phrenic nerve twitch stimulations, with and without intravenous infusion of aminophylline in a randomized fashion. The transdiaphragmatic pressures generated at various baseline lung volumes, from residual volume to 90% of total lung capacity, were recorded before and after the induction of diaphragm exhaustion. At all levels of lung volume, aminophylline did not have an effect on the contractility of the fresh diaphragm. In the exhausted diaphragm, however, the pressure values, induced by sniffs and twitch stimulations, were significantly improved by aminophylline. This positive effect on diaphragm contractility was also impressive at 60, 75, and 90% of total lung capacity. This indicates that aminophylline significantly improves the contractile function of the exhausted human diaphragm, even if the muscle fibers are shorter than optimal. This effect occurs regardless of the neuronal firing rate, whether it is low (twitch stimulation) or high (sniff maneuver).
Providing information for patients
Authors: E. Murray
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Is insufficient on its own to improve clinical outcomes

Patients consistently report wanting more, and better, information about their health, health care, and treatment options. Providing this information is challenging. One approach is coaching patients to ask questions during consultations. In the linked study (10.1136/bmj.a485), Kinnersley and colleagues report a systematic review which shows that this approach has relatively little effect.1 So what is the underlying rationale for improving health information for patients, and what interventions are likely to work?

Some people argue that improving patient information and educating patients about their health problems is ethically essential and needs no further justification.2 Others point to the benefits of patient education, in terms of improved self care,3 enhanced patient satisfaction,4 improved health status,5 and reduced healthcare expenditure.6 Improving clinical outcomes, however, needs more than just information—it requires a partnership between patients and their health professionals, with the patient actively engaged in self care.

People living with long term conditions face three challenges: medical …
Prenatal Diagnosis of Classical Phenylketonuria by Gene Mapping
Authors: Savio L. C. Woo
Journal: JAMA (1984)

CLASSICAL phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a deficiency of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase and is a typical example of an inborn error of metabolism.<sup>1-3</sup>The normal metabolic pathway of the aromatic amino acid is shown in Fig 1. Deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase causes the accumulation of phenylalanine and phenylalanine metabolites to excessively high levels and a depletion of serum tyrosine.<sup>4</sup>Without early detection followed by rigid dietary correction during the first decade of life,<sup>5</sup>children with classical PKU will develop severe mental retardation. The disease is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and has a prevalence of about one in 10,000 births among whites.<sup>6</sup>It has also been estimated that one in 50 whites in the population is a carrier of the gene for the disease.<sup>7</sup> In many Western countries, neonatal screening for PKU by the Guthrie test<sup>8</sup>is mandated by law, and dietary intervention
Schizotypal Personality: Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Trajectories
Authors: Adrian Raine
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2005)

Schizotypal personality research holds the promise of critically important insights into the etiology and ultimate prevention of schizophrenia. This article provides a critical overview of diagnostic, developmental, demographic, psychosocial, genetic, neurodevelopmental, psychophysiological, neurochemical, neurocognitive, brain imaging, and prevention-treatment issues pertaining to this personality disorder. It is argued that genetic and early environmental influences act in concert to alter brain structure/function throughout development, resulting in disturbances to basic cognitive and affective processes that give rise to three building blocks of schizotypy-cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features. Two clinical subtypes are hypothesized: (a) neurodevelopmental schizotypy, which has its roots in genetic, prenatal, and early postnatal factors, is relatively stable, has genetic affinity to schizophrenia, and may benefit preferentially from pharmacological intervention, and (b) pseudoschizotypy, which is unrelated to schizophrenia, has its roots in psychosocial adversity, shows greater symptom fluctuations, and may be more responsive to psychosocial intervention.
Resettlement from a Base Hospital
Authors: M. J. Mayfield
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Sir Reginald Watson-Jones has described the Disabled Persons Act as " one of the great social reforms in the history of this country."The two novel features of ihe Act are the importance attached to the welfare of the individual disabled person and the co-operation demanded from those concerned with his employment.The circumstances which led to the passing of the Act are worth recal'ing.The national situation of 1940-1, with its un- precedented demands upon man-power, drew attention to the possibilities of employing the disabled.To further this end the
Ocular Findings of Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection in an Immunologically Competent Adult
Authors: Albert C. England, Steven A. Miller, Dennis G. Maki
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

CYTOMEGALIC inclusion disease is a multiorgan viral infection that in adults is most often identified in immunocompromised hosts. Ocular findings in such patients are typically those of acute necrotizing retinitis with variable involvement of the anterior segment.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cytomegalovirus infection is identified much less frequently in immunocompetent adults. Only a few such patients with ocular involvement have been described11 , 12; only one of these patients had retinitis, and neither histologic nor virologic confirmation was documented.11 We report serologically and virologically documented acute cytomegalovirus infection associated with self-limited retinitis and impaired tear secretion in a previously healthy adult.Case ReportA 45-year-old . . .
Why clinical information standards matter
Authors: M. Gardner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Most clinicians probably know clinical information standards as the coding systems used for representing clinical concepts. They include longstanding systems such as the International Classification of Diseases and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as well as more recent systems such as the Read Clinical Classification and Snomed, though coded vocabularies themselves are only the visible tip of the standards iceberg. Work on clinical information standards is not glamorous, but such standards are fundamental for progress in health care. They are essential resources for future clinical decision support, audit, governance, research, education, and training. In a very real sense, these standards define what can be said about patient care.

In this issue Brown et al describe a crossover trial comparing the accuracy and usability of two clinical terminology standards in a setting designed to reflect tasks and circumstances commonly encountered in contemporary British general practice (p 1127).1 The paper may seem of limited relevance, in that it is focused on Britain, on primary care, and on two specific clinical standards, both of which are probably obsolescent. Also in this issue is a report describing the practical use of clinical information coding for managing diabetes in south London primary care (p …
Doctors say rewritten rules on competition do not go far enough
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors say rewritten rules on competition do not go far enoughZosia Kmietowicz BMJThe UK government has redrafted regulations on procurement, in an attempt to allay concerns raised by several medical bodies and MPs in the past few weeks that clinical commissioners would be forced to put out to competitive tender most of the services they wanted for their patients.
From fatty streak to fatty liver: 33 years of joint publications in the JCI
Authors: Joseph L. Goldstein, Michael S. Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The ASCI is notable for two unique functions--the annual meeting and The Journal of Clinical Investigation. Both have inspired us over the 37 years of our collaborative adventures in research. In this retrospective, we review highlights from our 26 joint papers in the JCI, focusing on two papers that revealed the consequences of lipid accumulation with implications for atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis.
Loss of thrombomodulin expression impairs vein graft thromboresistance
Authors: Antony Y. Kim, Kenneth Lee Baughman, Peter L. Walinsky, Frank D. Kolodgie, C.E. Bian, Jason Sperry, Clayton Deming, Eric Peck, Jay Shake, Gregory Ang, Charles Esmon, Renu Virmani, Jeffrey Rade
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Use of Medium-Chain Triglyceride in Management of Patients with Massive Resection of the Small Intestine
Authors: Robert B. Zurier, Robert G. Campbell, Sami A. Hashim, Theodore B. Van Itallie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

ALTHOUGH the consequences of extensive resection of the small intestine differ in pattern and intensity a syndrome of conditioned malnutrition invariably follows.1 2 3 4 5 The chief manifestation is diarrhea, with malabsorption of fat, protein and certain other nutrients. These losses result in weight decline, weakness and abdominal distress. In severe cases there is inexorable progress to inanition and death.The availability in quantity of certain triglyceride fractions that appear to be useful in the management of a variety of disorders of malabsorption has provided a new approach to the postoperative care and subsequent treatment of patients who have had large segments of . . .
Abstract 1: Oncogenic extracellular domain mutations of ERBB2 in cancer
Authors: Heidi Greulich, Bethany Kaplan, Philipp Mertins, Tzu-Hsiu Chen, Kumiko Tanaka, Cai-Hong Yun, Marcin Imielinski, Shanatanu Banerji, Michael S. Lawrence, Sarah Walker, Wendy Winckler, Gad Getz, David Frank, Michael Eck, Jacob D. Jaffe, Steven A. Carr, Kwok-Kin Wong, Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinase gene is frequently amplified and mutated in human cancer. However, mutations characterized to date have been located in the kinase domain of the receptor. Using publically-available sequencing datasets, we have found that extracellular domain mutations of ERBB2 located beneath the dimerization arm recur in lung, breast, and ovarian cancers. We expressed cDNAs harboring these mutations in NIH-3T3 cells and found that the mutants support anchorage-independent proliferation. We furthermore found that substitution of any one of a number of amino acids in this region of the protein is oncogenic. We sought to biochemically characterize the extracellular domain mutations of ERBB2 and found that they cause oncogenic transformation by one of two mechanisms: elevation of C-terminal tail phosphorylation, or reduction-sensitive covalent dimerization unaccompanied by increases in C-terminal phosphorylation. Analysis of tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in the cell by stable isotope labeling followed by mass spectrometry (SILAC) revealed that both classes of mutant receptor phosphorylated the same set of proteins to effect transformation. The most prominent targets were proteins involved in cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics, controlling cell motility. STAT3 was also phosphorylated to a limited extent in ERBB2-transformed cells. Interestingly, STAT3 phosphorylation was mediated solely by a JAK-dependent autocrine loop in cells transformed by the ERBB2 mutants activated by reduction-sensitive dimerization; whereas both ERBB2 and JAK family kinases contributed to STAT3 phosphorylation in cells transformed by ERBB2 mutants exhibiting increased C-terminal phosphorylation. In order to characterize inhibitor sensitivity, we transformed Ba/F3 cells to IL-3 independence with the ERBB2 extracellular domain mutants. All extracellular domain mutants tested were sensitive to irreversible inhibitors of ERBB2, suggesting that treatment with such inhibitors may benefit patients harboring mutations of the extracellular domain of ERBB2. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1
Teaching Invasive Procedures to Medical Students
Authors: J. Rosenson
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
David Geraint James
Authors: O. P. Sharma, A. Zumla, C. t. : O. P. S. osharma@usc.edu
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Devoted his professional life to sarcoidosis

In 1958 David Geraint James invited a group of national and international doctors to the Brompton Hospital for a meeting on sarcoidosis. The meeting lasted for three days. This was the first international conference on sarcoidosis; Gerry had sown the seeds of the movement that led to the formation of the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) in 1987, in Milan, Italy. Gerry was its founder president. Soon after, with personal financial backing of Gianfranco Rizzato and with Gerry’s persistence, the journal Sarcoidosis became the official voice of WASOG.

David Geraint James was born on 2 January 1922 in Treherbert, Rhondda Valley, Wales. His father was a teacher and wrote a regular Welsh column for the national daily the Western Mail . From his father Gerry inherited his love for the Welsh language and Welsh heritage. By the age of 10 he had become an active member of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (Welsh League of Youth) and had developed a command of both Welsh and English. He could …
Monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors in early Parkinson's disease: meta-analysis of 17 randomised trials involving 3525 patients
Authors: Natalie J Ives, Rebecca L Stowe, Joanna Marro, Carl Counsell, Angus Macleod, Carl E Clarke, Richard Gray, Keith Wheatley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Objective To quantify more reliably the benefits and risks of monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (MAOBIs) in early Parkinson's disease. Data sources Searches of the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science for years 1966-2003, plus major journals in the field, abstract books, and proceedings of meetings, for randomised trials comparing MAOBIs with placebo or levodopa. Data extraction Available data on mortality, motor complications, side effects, treatment compliance, and clinician rated disability (for example, unified Parkinson's disease rating scale) were extracted from 17 trials and combined using standard meta-analytic methods. Results No significant difference in mortality existed between patients on MAOBIs and control patients (odds ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.34; P = 0.2). Patients randomised to MAOBIs had significantly better total scores, motor scores, and activities of daily living scores on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale at three months compared with patients taking placebo; they were also less likely to need additional levodopa (0.57, 0.48 to 0.67; P < 0.00001) or to develop motor fluctuations (0.75, 0.59 to 0.95; P = 0.02). No difference existed between the two groups in the incidence of side effects or withdrawal of patients. Conclusions MAOBIs reduce disability, the need for levodopa, and the incidence of motor fluctuations, without substantial side effects or increased mortality. However, because few trials have compared MAOBIs with other antiparkinsonian drugs, uncertainty remains about the relative benefits and risks of MAOBIs. Further large, long term comparative trials that include patient rated quality of life measures are needed.
POEMS syndrome: report on six patients with unusual clinical signs, elevated levels of cytokines, macrophage involvement and chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow plasma cells
Authors: C Rose, M Zandecki, MC Copin, P Gosset, M Labalette, PY Hatron, MO Jauberteau, B Devulder, F Bauters, T Facon
Journal: Leukemia (1997)
Lyme Carditis: Cardiac Abnormalities of Lyme Disease
Authors: ALLEN C. STEERE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We studied 20 patients, mostly young adult men, with cardiac involvement of Lyme disease. The commonest abnormality (18 patients) was fluctuating degrees of atrioventricular block; eight of them developed complete heart block. Thirteen patients had evidence of more diffuse cardiac involvement: electrocardiographic changes compatible with acute myopericarditis (11 patients), radionuclide evidence of mild left ventricular dysfunction (five of 12 patients tested), or frank cardiomegaly (one patient). Heart involvement was usually preceded by erythema chronicum migrans and sometimes accompanied by meningoencephalitis, facial palsy, arthritis, elevated serum IgM levels, or cryoglobulins containing IgM. The duration of cardiac involvement was usually brief (3 days to 6 weeks). The clinical picture in these patients has similarities to acute rheumatic fever; but in Lyme disease, complete heart block may be commoner, myopericardial involvement tends to be milder, and valves seem not to be affected.
Outcomes of Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Jae-Kwan Song, Ji Hye Yim, Jung-Min Ahn, Dae-Hee Kim, Joon-Won Kang, Taek Yeon Lee, Jong-Min Song, Suk Jung Choo, Duk-Hyun Kang, Cheol Hyun Chung, Jae Won Lee, Tae-Hwan Lim
Journal: Circulation (2009)

The proper treatment option for patients with type A intramural hematoma (IMH), a variant form of classic aortic dissection (AD), remains controversial. We assessed the outcome of our institutional policy of urgent surgery for unstable patients and initial medical treatment for stable patients with surgery in cases with complications.Among 357 consecutive patients with type A acute aortic syndrome, 101 (28.3%) had IMH and 256 had AD. Urgent operations were performed in 224 patients with AD (87.5%) and 16 with unstable IMH (15.8%; P<0.001). The remaining 85 stable IMH patients received initial medical treatment, and adverse clinical events developed in 31 patients (36.5%) within 6 months, which included development of AD (n=25), delayed surgery (n=25), or death (n=6). Initial aorta diameter and hematoma thickness were independent predictors for development of these events, and the best cutoff values were 55 and 16 mm, respectively. The overall hospital mortality was lower in IMH patients than in AD patients (7.9% [8/101] versus 17.2% [44/256]; P=0.0296) and was comparable to that of surgically treated AD patients (7.9% versus 10.7% [24/224]; P=0.56). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates of IMH patients were 87.6+/-3.6%, 84.9+/-3.7%, and 83.1+/-4.1%, respectively. There was no statistical difference of overall survival rates between patients with IMH and surgically treated AD patients (P=0.787).The clinical outcome of IMH patients receiving treatment by our policy was comparable to that of surgically treated AD patients. However, adverse clinical events were not uncommon with medical treatment alone, and initial aorta diameter and hematoma thickness may identify patients who might benefit from urgent surgery.
PML/RARα Targets Promoter Regions Containing PU.1 Consensus and RARE Half Sites in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Kankan Wang, Ping Wang, Jiantao Shi, Xuehua Zhu, Miaomiao He, Xiaohong Jia, Xianwen Yang, Fei Qiu, Wen Jin, Maoxiang Qian, Hai Fang, Jianqing Mi, Xuzhi Yang, Huasheng Xiao, Mark Minden, Yanzhi Du, Zhu Chen, Ji Zhang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)