tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aminoglutethimide and Cholestasis
Authors: Daniele J. Perrault, Edward Domovitch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1984Aminoglutethimide and CholestasisDANIELE J. PERRAULT, M.D., EDWARD DOMOVITCH, M.D.DANIELE J. PERRAULT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EDWARD DOMOVITCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-1-160_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to report a second case of aminoglutethimide hypersensitivity associated with cholestatic jaundice (1).On 16 February, a 69-year-old woman with bony, pleural and soft-tissue metastases from breast carcinoma was started on therapy with aminoglutethimide, 250 mg orally, twice daily, and hydrocortisone, 40 mg/d orally. Alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase levels measured 1 week earlier were normal. On 2 March, the dosage of aminogluthethimide was increased to four times daily. One week later, a temperature of 39.5°C developed, followed by a transient nonpruritic rash on her trunk and extremities. The patient felt well, without anorexia, nausea,...References1. GERBERMILLER SK. Cholestatic jaundice and aminoglutethimide [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:138. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SAVARAJTRONER NM. Aminoglutethimide in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1980;8;251-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. NAGELWANDERBLOSSEY GHH. Phase II study of aminoglutethimide and medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res. 1982;42(suppl):3442s-4s. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIELE J. PERRAULT, M.D.; EDWARD DOMOVITCH, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFirst generation aromatase inhibitors ? aminoglutethimide and testololactone9 Drug-induced cholestasisDrug-Induced CholestasisAminoglutethimide, Alveolar Damage, and HemorrhageDAVID M. RODMAN, M.D., MICHAEL HANLEY, M.D., POLLY PARSONS, M.D.Treatment of Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the LiteratureAminoglutethimide in Advanced Breast CancerCytostatics and immunosuppressive drugsAMINOGLUTETHIMIDE AND SERUM CHOLESTEROL 1 January 1984Volume 100, Issue 1Page: 160-160KeywordsAminotransferasesBreast cancerHypersensitivityNauseaPhosphatasesRashesTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diagnostic Dilemmas in Foot and Ankle Injuries
Authors: James S. Keene
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Differential diagnosis of foot and ankle injuries should include (1) stress fractures of the great toe sesamoids, the shaft of the fifth metatarsal, and the tarsal navicular bone; (2) transchondral talar-dome fractures; (3) fractures of the os trigonum; and (4) dislocating peroneal tendons. Diagnosis of these injuries is challenging because the initial roentgenograms often are normal, and special clinical tests and ancillary studies are required. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:247-251)
THE IDEAL ANTACID
Authors: A. S. Loevenhart
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> — In the communication of Dr. John L. Kantor (The Journal, June 25, page 2047), he raises the question as to the relative values of other neutral antacids which were not mentioned by Loevenhart and Crandall in their article on the advantage of calcium carbonate in gastric hyperacidity. He refers to the work of Shattuck and himself. According to the work of Shattuck, Rohdenburg and Booher (The Journal, Jan. 19, 1924, p. 202, table 1), calcium carbonate has approximately two to seven times the power of magnesium phosphate and calcium phosphate for neutralizing acid. The relative neutralizing power of the various antacids, as calculated from their chemical formula, is as follows: Magnesium hydroxide and carbonate are not included in the table because of their disturbing effect on the bowel.
Decrease in Ventilatory Capacity between Ages of 50 and 54 in Representative Sample of Swedish Men
Authors: L. Wilhelmsen, I. Orha, G. Tibblin
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The ventilatory capacity, including flow-volume curves of 313 men, all 50 years old, was examined in 1963 and 1967. The group as a whole, which included persons with chronic bronchitis, with "other respiratory symptoms," and without respiratory symptoms, showed the same absolute decrease in ventilatory capacity.Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume, and maximum expiratory flow all dropped more for the smokers than for either the non-smokers or the ex-smokers. In those who had stopped smoking for four years or less, however, ventilatory capacity did not decline significantly less than in those who continued to smoke.
Effect of Organic Diet Intervention on Pesticide Exposures in Young Children Living in Low-Income Urban and Agricultural Communities
Authors: Asa Bradman, Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá, Rosemary Castorina, Raul Aguilar Schall, Jose Camacho, Nina T. Holland, Dana Boyd Barr, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Recent organic diet intervention studies suggest that diet is a significant source of pesticide exposure in young children. These studies have focused on children living in suburban communities.We aimed to determine whether consuming an organic diet reduced urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations in 40 Mexican-American children, 3-6 years of age, living in California urban and agricultural communities.In 2006, we collected urine samples over 16 consecutive days from children who consumed conventionally grown food for 4 days, organic food for 7 days, and then conventionally grown food for 5 days. We measured 23 metabolites, reflecting potential exposure to organophosphorous (OP), pyrethroid, and other pesticides used in homes and agriculture. We used linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the effects of diet on urinary metabolite concentrations.For six metabolites with detection frequencies > 50%, adjusted geometric mean concentrations during the organic phase were generally lower for all children, and were significant for total dialkylphosphates (DAPs) and dimethyl DAPs (DMs; metabolites of OP insecticides) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a herbicide), with reductions of 40%, 49%, and 25%, respectively (p < 0.01). Chemical-specific metabolite concentrations for several OP pesticides, pyrethroids, and herbicides were either infrequently detected and/or not significantly affected by diet. Concentrations for most of the frequently detected metabolites were generally higher in Salinas compared with Oakland children, with DMs and metolachlor at or near significance (p = 0.06 and 0.03, respectively).An organic diet was significantly associated with reduced urinary concentrations of nonspecific dimethyl OP insecticide metabolites and the herbicide 2,4-D in children. Additional research is needed to clarify the relative importance of dietary and non-dietary sources of pesticide exposures to young children.
Association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness.
Authors: M W Raza, C C Blackwell, P Molyneaux, V S James, M M Ogilvie, J M Inglis, D M Weir
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether non-secretion of blood group antigens is associated with respiratory virus diseases. DESIGN--Study of secretor status in patients with respiratory virus diseases determined by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed to identify Lewis (Le) blood group antigen phenotypes (Le(a) non-secretor; Le(b) secretor). SUBJECTS--Patients aged 1 month to 90 years in hospital with respiratory virus diseases (584 nasal specimens). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Criteria for validation of ELISA (congruence between results on ELISA testing of 1155 saliva samples from a previous study and previously established results on haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) testing, proportions of Le(a), Le(b), and Le- phenotypes in 872 samples of nasal washings from a previous study compared with the normal population). Secretor status of patients determined by ELISA and viruses isolated. RESULTS--Agreement between HAI and ELISA for 1155 saliva samples was 97%. Lewis antigens were detected by ELISA in 854 (97.9%) of nasal washings (Le(a) 233 (26.7%), Le(b) 621 (71.2%), and Le- 18 (2.1%)) in proportions predicted for a northern European population. Secretors were significantly overrepresented among patients from whom influenza viruses A and B (55/64, 86%; p less than 0.025), rhinoviruses (63/72, 88%; p less than 0.01), respiratory syncytial virus (97/109, 89%; p less than 0.0005), and echoviruses (44/44, p less than 0.0005) had been isolated compared with the distribution of secretors in the local population. CONCLUSION--Secretion of blood group antigens is associated with respiratory virus diseases.
US Senate defeats bill to limit malpractice claims
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A US bill that would have put an upper limit on medical malpractice claims for pain and suffering at $250000 (£153350; €221350) has been narrowly defeated in the Senate by a vote of 49 to 48.

The defeated bill, which was based on a Californian law, the Medical Injury Compensation Reform Act, also sought to limit punitive damages to either $250000 or twice the costs of medical expenses, lost wages, and other economic costs, whichever was greater. Additionally, fees of lawyers who take malpractice cases on a contingency basis would also have been limited.

The bill was supported by President Bush, the American Medical Association, and most Republicans. Unlike the Californian law, however, which protected only physicians from extremely high malpractice claims, the bill also sought malpractice protections …
An Improved Bicistronic CD20/tCD34 Vector for Efficient Purification and In Vivo Depletion of Gene-Modified T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Isabel Vogler, Sebastian Newrzela, Sylvia Hartmann, Nadine Schneider, Dorothee von Laer, Ulrike Koehl, Manuel Grez
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy is widely used to treat graft rejection and relapse after stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, this approach is hampered by a high risk of life-threatening graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). Clinical trials have demonstrated the value of suicide genes to modify T cells for the effective control of GvHD. Herewith, we show that the combination of a codon-optimized B-cell antigen (CD20op) with a selection marker based on a cytoplasmic truncated version of the human stem cell antigen CD34 (tCD34) allows the generation of highly enriched gene-modified T cells. We demonstrate coordinate co-expression of both transgenes and high expression of CD20op resulting in an increased susceptibility to Rituximab (RTX)-induced cell death. In addition, T cells partially retained their alloreactive potential and their CD4/CD8 ratio after transduction and expansion. Long-lasting transgene expression was sustained in vivo after adoptive transfer into Rag-1−/− mice. Moreover, gene-modified T cells were quickly and efficiently depleted from peripheral blood (PB) and secondary lymphoid organs of transplanted animals after RTX treatment. These results warrant further steps toward a clinical application of CD20op as a suicide gene for adoptive immunotherapy. T-cell-based adoptive immunotherapy is widely used to treat graft rejection and relapse after stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, this approach is hampered by a high risk of life-threatening graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). Clinical trials have demonstrated the value of suicide genes to modify T cells for the effective control of GvHD. Herewith, we show that the combination of a codon-optimized B-cell antigen (CD20op) with a selection marker based on a cytoplasmic truncated version of the human stem cell antigen CD34 (tCD34) allows the generation of highly enriched gene-modified T cells. We demonstrate coordinate co-expression of both transgenes and high expression of CD20op resulting in an increased susceptibility to Rituximab (RTX)-induced cell death. In addition, T cells partially retained their alloreactive potential and their CD4/CD8 ratio after transduction and expansion. Long-lasting transgene expression was sustained in vivo after adoptive transfer into Rag-1−/− mice. Moreover, gene-modified T cells were quickly and efficiently depleted from peripheral blood (PB) and secondary lymphoid organs of transplanted animals after RTX treatment. These results warrant further steps toward a clinical application of CD20op as a suicide gene for adoptive immunotherapy.
Flexible Bronchoscopy in Infants and Children
Authors: A. Labbe, B. Dalens, J.R. Lusson, P. Dechelotte, M. Meyer
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

The authors describe the use of flexible bronchoscope in infants and children ranging in age from 20 hours to 17 years and in weight from 1.5 kg upwards. Bronchoscopy was carried out under local (17 cases) and general anesthesia (95 cases). Seventeen-six of the 95 examinations under general anesthesia were conducted using the jet-ventilation technique. The advantages and drawbacks of this technique are discussed. The authors list the indications which they regard as favoring the flexible tube rather than the rigid one, and emphasize the complementary nature of these 2 techniques in pediatrics.
EVIDENCE THAT THE <scp>L</scp>-ASPARAGINASE OF GUINEA PIG SERUM IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS ANTILYMPHOMA EFFECTS
Authors: J. D. Broome
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

A number of the properties of the L-asparaginase present in guinea pig serum have been examined and shown to be indistinguishable from those of the agent responsible for inhibiting cells of lymphoma 6C3HED in vivo. The patterns of instability of the enzyme to changes in temperature and pH were found to parallel closely those of the antilymphoma agent. L-Asparaginase activity was essentially absent from the serum of newborn guinea pigs and this failed to inhibit 6C3HED cells. On separating guinea pig serum proteins by salt precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography on DEAE cellulose, antilymphoma activity was found only in fractions which contained L-asparaginase.
Lifestyle assessment: applying microcomputers in family practice.
Authors: H A Skinner, B A Allen, M C McIntosh, W H Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A randomised trial of assessment by computer was conducted with 180 patients in a family practice clinic. Histories of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use were obtained by computer (n = 60), interview (n = 60), or self completed questionnaire (n = 60). The results of previous research suggest that some patients may provide more accurate information about "sensitive" problems to a computer. No significant differences, however, in levels of consumption or problems were reported for the three methods of assessment. Patients gave differential ratings about the method of assessment, with the computer rated as more interesting but also more mechanical, cold, and impersonal. Although the interview was initially preferred by most, patients who completed the assessment by computer showed a significant increase (13% to 43%) in their preference for the computer after the assessment. The results of our study indicate that patients9 acceptance of computers in family practice may be favourably influenced by direct experience with a microcomputer.
Human neuroblastoma cell lines as models for the in vitro study of neoplastic and neuronal cell differentiation.
Authors: E Abemayor, N Sidell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Neuroblastoma is a childhood solid tumor composed of primitive cells derived from precursors of the autonomic nervous system. This neoplasm has the highest rate of spontaneous regression of all cancer types and has been noted to undergo spontaneous and chemically induced differentiation into elements resembling mature nervous tissue. As such, neuroblastoma has been a prime model system for the study of neuronal differentiation and the process of cancer cell maturation. In this paper we review those agents that have been described to induce the differentiation of neuroblastoma, with an emphasis on the effects and possible mechanisms of action of a group of related compounds, the retinoids. With this model system and the availability of subclones that are both responsive and resistant to chemically induced differentiation, fundamental questions regarding the mechanisms and processes underlying cell maturation have become more amenable to in vitro study.
Hemodynamic effects of the beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist xamoterol in relation to plasma norepinephrine levels during exercise in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: H Sato, M Inoue, T Matsuyama, H Ozaki, T Shimazu, H Takeda, Y Ishida, T Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1987)

A new cardioselective beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, xamoterol, has been developed for the treatment of heart failure, especially that associated with ischemic heart disease. To investigate the hemodynamic effect of xamoterol in relation to sympathetic nervous activity, hemodynamic variables and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured at rest and during three graded bicycle exercise tests before and after a single intravenous dose of 0.15 mg/kg xamoterol in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate left ventricular dysfunction. Plasma NE increased with increasing grade of exercise and a linear correlation between plasma NE and heart rate was observed at four time points (at rest and three exercise levels) before and after xamoterol. After administration of xamoterol, the slope of the regression line of plasma NE-heart rate relation was significantly less steep than that before drug. Predose and postdose regression lines crossed at 440 pg/ml of plasma NE. Similar effects were observed on the plasma NE-cardiac index and plasma NE-systolic blood pressure relations (regression lines crossed at 380 and 530 pg/ml of plasma NE, respectively). Thus, xamoterol had a dual agonist-antagonist effect in relation to plasma NE, and the crossover point lay approximately between 400 pg/ml and 500 pg/ml. This level of plasma NE was achieved at a low exercise level and at a heart rate of about 100 beats/min. These results indicate that xamoterol has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity comparable to relatively low sympathetic activity (400 to 500 pg/ml of plasma NE) and therefore acts as a beta 1-agonist when sympathetic nervous activity is below this level and as an antagonist when sympathetic activity is above this level.
The Role of M.D.-Ph.D. Training in Increasing the Supply of Physician-Scientists
Authors: Janet W. Bickel, Charles R. Sherman, James Ferguson, Liesel Baker, Thomas E. Morgan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Since 1968 the number of postdoctoral research fellows with M.D.s or other professional degrees has fallen from about 4100 to 1730 in training each year. By 1980, the number of M.D. postdoctoral fellows entering and completing research training was about 850 per year. During the past 12 years, the number of M.D.-Ph.D. trainees has risen to about 650 in the federal Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP) and about 500 in nonfederal programs. The attrition rate in non-federal M.D.-Ph.D. programs has been shown to be 44 per cent, and that from the MSTP, 9 per cent. When the length of the training program, the attrition rate, and other factors are considered, present trainees will account for about 150 M.D.-Ph.D. graduates annually in the immediate future. Current training programs can meet only about half the estimated national need for physician researchers. The federal M.D.-Ph.D. program should be expanded to ensure that the country's future research and teaching needs will be met.
Effect of Cortisone on the Healing of Localized Burns in the Hamster Cheek Pouch
Authors: Maurice H. Shulman, George P. Fulton, George P. Moront
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE corticosteroids have been used in the therapy of burns with controversial results. Recent articles appearing in the literature have not clearly established the validity of this therapy. Some writers report a delay in healing of the skin, with no significant changes in the expected prognosis of burn cases.1 , 2 Others attribute to steroid treatment a phenomenal improvement after extensive burns, particularly those involving 30 to 60 per cent of the total body area.3 , 4 More critical reviews of this type of treatment express a conservative attitude.5 Because of this disparity in findings a new method was applied to the problem, consisting . . .
The protective role of adenosine in inducing nitric oxide synthesis in rat liver ischemia preconditioning is mediated by activation of adenosine A<sub>2</sub>receptors
Authors: Carmen Peralta, Georgina Hotter, Daniel Closa, Neus Prats, Carme Xaus, Emilio Gelpí, Joan Roselló-Catafau
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

This study aims to determine if the protective role of adenosine in liver ischemic preconditioning is mediated by the activation of adenosine receptors and to ascertain which of these receptors is implicated in the process. Administration of adenosine A 1 and A 2 receptor antagonists to preconditioned animals indicates that hepatic preconditioning is mediated by the activation of adenosine A 2 receptors. Propentofylline (an inhibitor of adenosine transport into cells) in the preconditioned group, subjected to previous administration of an adenosine A 2 receptor antagonist, prevented the negative effect of the latter on the protection offered by preconditioning. An increase of NO production was detected just immediately after hepatic preconditioning, and the administration of an adenosine A 2 receptor antagonist to the preconditioning group prevented this increase, thus abolishing the protective effect of preconditioning. However, the administration of a NO donor to the preconditioned group subjected to previous administration of the adenosine A 2 receptor antagonist was able to maintain the preconditioning effects. In conclusion, these results indicate that, in preconditioning, the protective effect of adenosine could be a result of an increase in extracellular adenosine. This in turn would induce the activation of adenosine A 2 receptors, which, by eliciting an increase in NO generation, would protect against the injury associated with hepatic ischemia–reperfusion.
Neuropeptides in skin from patients with atopic dermatitis: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: C. PINCELLI, F. FANTINI, P. MASSIMI, G. GIROLOMONI, S. SEIDENARI, A. GIANNETTI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The distribution and localization of several neuropeptides were investigated in the lichenified lesions of 11 patients with atopic dermatitis using indirect immunofluorescence. Substance P-positive nerve fibres were observed in most of the cases of atopic dermatitis, but not in normal controls. Somatostatin immunoreactive nerves were not found in the skin of atopic dermatitis, whereas a normal pattern of immunoreactivity could be detected in most of the healthy subjects. Neuropeptide Y-positive dendritic epidermal cells were observed in lesional skin from patients with atopic dermatitis, but not in controls. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in patients with atopic dermatitis did not differ from that in healthy subjects. With galanin antiserum a diffuse intracellular staining was observed in the epidermis of both atopic patients and controls, while no positive staining was found with either neurotensin or neurokinin A antibodies in either group. These findings suggest a possible involvement of some neuropeptides in the pathomechanisms of atopic dermatitis.