tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accidental Poisoning of Children with Digitalis
Authors: Dan G. McNamara, Earl J. Brewer, George D. Ferry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

ACCIDENTAL poisoning of children with digitalis preparations and extracts occurs in several ways. A toddler may open and ingest a bottle of digitalis preparation prescribed for a relative1 or be given digitalis instead of another medicine actually prescribed. A brother or sister may give a sibling digitalis as a game. Errors in dispensing from a pharmacy or hospital are known.2 Transplacental digitalis intoxication has been reported. Certain plants contain cardiac glycoside,3 , 4 and children chewing or swallowing parts of these plants have become critically ill. with signs and symptoms of digitalis poisoning.The following cases illustrate the different ways in which . . .
Letter: Infective agent in infantile gastroenteritis.
Authors: N R Grist, C R Madeley
Journal: BMJ (1975)

disease.Whatever the extent of the risk (and it is not clear what the committee considers to be a "low" risk), in my view there is a very strong case for compensating the parents of those children who are handicapped by such a reaction.Although evidence has been presented on behalf of the Association of Parents of Vaccine Damaged Children to the Royal Commission on Civil Liability and Compensation for Personal Injury, it is unlikely that legislation will ensue for some time, and at best it is unlikely to be retroactive.The Joint Committee on Vaccination would do well to back its benign reassurance about pertussis vaccine with strong support for the speedy introduction of a State compensation scheme.
Local government will review doctor struck off in UK, German medical association says
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Officials of a regional government in Germany are to review the case of Daniel Ubani, a German doctor who was struck off the UK medical register earlier this year after killing a patient with 10 times the recommended dose of diamorphine while working as a locum GP in Britain in 2008, according to the Westfalen-Lippe Medical Association.

The association had planned to hold a fitness to practise hearing concerning Dr Ubani on 18 August. But Markus Wenning, medical managing director of the Munster based association, said that it had to cancel the hearing after a local administrative court ruled that only the regional government of Arnsberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, has the authority to officially determine a doctor’s fitness to continue practising medicine.

Dr Wenning told the BMJ that the regional government had previously reviewed Dr …
Clinical and Biological Significance of Tissue Transglutaminase in Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Jee Young Hwang, Lingegowda S. Mangala, Jansina Y. Fok, Yvonne G. Lin, William M. Merritt, Whitney A. Spannuth, Alpa M. Nick, Derek J. Fiterman, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejia, Michael T. Deavers, Robert L. Coleman, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Kapil Mehta, Anil K. Sood
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Tissue type transglutaminase (TG2) is a unique multifunctional protein that plays a role in many steps in the cancer metastatic cascade. Here, we examined the clinical (n = 93 epithelial ovarian cancers) and biological (in vitro adhesion, invasion, and survival and in vivo therapeutic targeting) significance of TG2 in ovarian cancer. The overexpression of TG2 was associated with significantly worse overall patient survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Transfection of TG2 into SKOV3ip1 cells promoted attachment and spreading on fibronectin-coated surfaces and increased the in vitro invasive potential of these cells. Conversely, TG2 silencing with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of HeyA8 cells significantly decreased the invasive potential of the cells and also increased docetaxel-induced cell death. In vivo therapy experiments using chemotherapy-sensitive (HeyA8) and chemotherapy-resistant (HeyA8-MDR and RMG2) models showed significant antitumor activity both with TG2 siRNA-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine alone and in combination with docetaxel chemotherapy. This antitumor activity was related to decreased proliferation and angiogenesis and increased tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that TG2 overexpression is an adverse prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma and TG2 targeting may be an attractive therapeutic approach. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5849–58]
Destruction of the Nasal Septum by Aspergillus Infection after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: George K. Siberry, Constantino Costarangos, Bernard A. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: We report the case of a 15-year-old boy with necrosis of the nasal septum due to aspergillus infection after autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. Tr...
PAGETOID RETICULOSIS-IS IT A DISEASE ENTITY?
Authors: D.M. MacDonald
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article PAGETOID RETICULOSIS‐IS IT A DISEASE ENTITY? Get access D.M. MacDonald D.M. MacDonald Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas' Street, London SEi 9RT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue 5, 1 November 1982, Pages 603–604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00413.x Published: 01 November 1982
Physicians and Human Rights
Authors: Jimmy Carter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

When I was President, every US ambassador throughout the world was my personal human rights representative, and all American embassies were known to be havens for those being persecuted by their own leaders. The State Department had a top-level staff to deal with these problems and reports, and I often used the information received to intervene personally, when appropriate, with the top government officials. We wanted it always to be clearly understood that an important factor in the relationship between other nations and the United States was their current record on human rights. Among the most important sources of information were concerned physicians, who were often free and able to observe the consequences of mental and physical abuse, including torture, and courageous enough to share the facts with those who were eager to redress the grievances. It is particularly gratifying to me to know that the American Medical Association will
MHC variation and risk of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Fay J. Hosking, Stephen Leslie, Alexander Dilthey, Loukas Moutsianas, Yufei Wang, Sara E. Dobbins, Elli Papaemmanuil, Eamonn Sheridan, Sally E. Kinsey, Tracy Lightfoot, Eve Roman, Julie A. E. Irving, James M. Allan, Malcolm Taylor, Mel Greaves, Gilean McVean, Richard S. Houlston
Journal: Blood (2010)
NUTRITION OF THE HOST AND NATURAL RESISTANCE TO INFECTION
Authors: Howard A. Schneider, Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

1. A diet of whole wheat and whole dried milk has been shown to promote a higher survival rate, among W-Swiss mice subjected to S. enteritidis infection, than that promoted by a "synthetic" diet. 2. The demonstration of this ability of diet to condition natural resistance has been found to depend upon the genetic constitution of the mice employed. The demonstration has been possible in W-Swiss mice, a strain only moderately inbred and retaining a degree of genetic variability. The demonstration has not been possible in three highly inbred strains of mice selected so that they differed predictably from one another in natural resistance. 3. The nutritional factors involved are present in whole wheat and are absent or negligible in dried whole milk. Their nature has not yet been determined.
Ontogenetic regulation of leukocyte recruitment in mouse yolk sac vessels
Authors: Markus Sperandio, Elizabeth J. Quackenbush, Natalia Sushkova, Johannes Altstätter, Claudia Nussbaum, Stephan Schmid, Monika Pruenster, Angela Kurz, Andreas Margraf, Alina Steppner, Natalie Schweiger, Lubor Borsig, Ildiko Boros, Nele Krajewski, Orsolya Genzel-Boroviczeny, Udo Jeschke, David Frommhold, Ulrich H. von Andrian
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Influence of Serial Sections, Immunohistochemistry, and Extension of Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection on the Lymph Node Status in Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Friedhelm Wawroschek, Theodor Wagner, Michael Hamm, Dorothea Weckermann, Harry Vogt, Bruno Märkl, Ronald Gordijn, Rolf Harzmann
Journal: European Urology (2003)
General practioners and necropsies General practioners are welcome at necropsies
Authors: F Patel, J Leigh, P McCartney, D Slater, R D Start, D W K Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Recent articles on necropsies written by the non-forensic community are muddled and consistently omit to mention crucial differences between the coroner's necropsy (under the Coroners Act 1988 and the Coroners Rules 1984) and the hospital necropsy (under the Human Tissue Act 1961, as amended by the Anatomy Act 1984).*RF 1-3* The relevant cofactors that merit consideration by those indulging in medical jurisprudence are stated elsewhere.4,5

The comment that a deterrent to general practitioners requesting necropsies is their belief that a necropsy is needed only if the cause of death is not known1 is wrong. When the cause of death is unknown the case is referred to the coroner and a request from the general practitioner for a necropsy is redundant.

Although the coroner's investigation of a death primarily serves statutory requirements and medicolegal interest, modern forensic pathologists endeavour to find a medical reason for the death for the benefit of clinical colleagues and the bereaved family. All too commonly, and to the detriment of clinicopathological answers that may be gleaned from a necropsy, no clinical history is available.

The general practitioner is welcome at the necropsy (under rule 7 of the Coroners Rules 1984) and entitled to be notified when practicable of the time and place. It is constructive and of mutual benefit for doctors to liaise with the coroner's pathologist before the necropsy. More communication and greater rapport should be encouraged.

The financial burden of a medicolegal necropsy falls on the coroner or the police authority and is relieved by public funds. A prescribed fee (if any) for the necropsy report (under rule 57 of the Coroners Rules 1984) is a reasonable token payment. It may selectively control properly interested applicants. The report and other evidence before the coroner may be inspected without charge.

A …
THE UNIVERSITY AND THE COLLEGES IN LONDON
Authors: H. Elliot-Blake
Journal: BMJ (1908)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following THE UNIVERSITY AND THE COLLEGES IN LONDON Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
CYP2E1 overexpression alters hepatocyte death from menadione and fatty acids by activation of ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: J�rn M. Schattenberg, Yongjun Wang, Raina M. Rigoli, Dennis R. Koop, Mark J. Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Chronic oxidative stress induced by overexpression of the cytochrome P450 isoform 2E1 (CYP2E1) has been implicated in hepatocyte injury and death. However, the mechanism by which CYP2E1 overexpression may promote cell death is unknown. Acute oxidative stress activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), suggesting that chronic oxidant generation by CYP2E1 may regulate cellular responses through these signaling pathways. The effect of CYP2E1 overexpression on MAPK activation and their function in altering death responses of CYP2E1-overexpressing hepatocytes were investigated. Chronic CYP2E1 overexpression led to increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation constitutively and in response to oxidant stress from the superoxide generator menadione. CYP2E1-overexpressing cells were resistant to menadione toxicity through an ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. Similar to menadione, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA) induced an increased activation of ERK1/2 in hepatocytes that overexpressed CYP2E1. However, CYP2E1-overexpressing cells were sensitized to necrotic death from AA and the PUFA γ-linolenic acid, but not from saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids. Death from PUFA resulted from oxidative stress and was blocked by inhibition of ERK1/2, but not p38 MAPK or activator protein-1 signaling. CYP2E1 expression induced ERK1/2 activation through increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/c-Raf signaling. Inhibition of EGFR signaling reversed CYP2E1-induced resistance to menadione and sensitization to AA toxicity. In conclusion, chronic CYP2E1 overexpression leads to sustained ERK1/2 activation mediated by EGFR/c-Raf signaling. This adaptive response in hepatocytes exposed to chronic oxidative stress confers differential effects on cellular survival, protecting against menadione-induced apoptosis, but sensitizing to necrotic death from PUFA. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39;444–445.)
Dietary patterns and adult asthma: population‐based case–control study
Authors: I. Bakolis, R. Hooper, R. L. Thompson, S. O. Shaheen
Journal: Allergy (2009)

To cite this article : Bakolis I, Hooper R, Thompson RL, Shaheen SO. Dietary patterns and adult asthma: population‐based case–control study. Allergy 2010; 65 : 606–615. Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies of diet and asthma have focused on relations with intakes of individual nutrients and foods and evidence has been conflicting. Few studies have examined associations with dietary patterns. Methods: We carried out a population‐based case–control study of asthma in adults aged between 16 and 50 in South London, UK. Information about usual diet was obtained by food frequency questionnaire and we used principal components analysis to define five dietary patterns in controls. We used logistic and linear regression, controlling for confounders, to relate these patterns to asthma, asthma severity, rhinitis and chronic bronchitis in 599 cases and 854 controls. Results: Overall, there was weak evidence that a ‘vegetarian’ dietary pattern was positively associated with asthma [adjusted odds ratio comparing top vs bottom quintile of pattern score 1.43 (95% CI: 0.93–2.20), P trend 0.075], and a ‘traditional’ pattern (meat and vegetables) was negatively associated [OR 0.68 (0.45–1.03), P trend 0.071]. These associations were stronger amongst nonsupplement users ( P trend 0.030 and 0.001, respectively), and the association with the ‘vegetarian’ pattern was stronger amongst whites ( P trend 0.008). No associations were observed with asthma severity. A ‘prudent’ dietary pattern (wholemeal bread, fish and vegetables) was positively associated with chronic bronchitis [OR 2.61 (1.13–6.05), P trend 0.025], especially amongst nonsupplement users ( P trend 0.002). Conclusions: Overall there were no clear relations between dietary patterns and adult asthma; associations in nonsupplement users and whites require confirmation. The finding for chronic bronchitis was unexpected and also requires replication.
685 Effect of inhaled mometasone furoate on inflammatory cell influx and cytokine levels in the lungs of allergic mice
Authors: R CHAPMAN, S SEHRING, C GARLISI, A FALCONE, T KUNG, D STELTS, M MINNICOZZI, H JONES, S UMLAND, W KREUTNER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
THE RELATION OF INFECTIONS OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT TO PYELITIS
Authors: HENRY F. HELMHOLZ
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It is a well established fact that pyelitis in infancy and childhood is often associated with, or secondary to, infection of the upper respiratory tract. The exact relationship is at present entirely unknown. It has been assumed that the infection of the nose and throat so lowers the resistance of the patient that it permits the colon bacillus to acquire a foothold in the urinary passages, where it then sets up an inflammatory reaction. Furthermore, pyelitis complicating infection of the upper respiratory tract, or other organs, is not caused by the bacteria producing the primary infection, but almost invariably by the colon bacillus.  By what route the colon bacillus reaches the urinary tract is still unknown, in spite of the great amount of work that has been done on the subject. In the many instances in which urinary cultures have been taken in cases of secondary pyelitis, the infecting organism
A compendium of myeloma-associated chromosomal copy number abnormalities and their prognostic value
Authors: Brian A. Walker, Paola E. Leone, Laura Chiecchio, Nicholas J. Dickens, Matthew W. Jenner, Kevin D. Boyd, David C. Johnson, David Gonzalez, Gian Paolo Dagrada, Rebecca K. M. Protheroe, Zoe J. Konn, David M. Stockley, Walter M. Gregory, Faith E. Davies, Fiona M. Ross, Gareth J. Morgan
Journal: Blood (2010)
RNA fingerprinting of respiratory syncytial virus using ribonuclease protection. Application to molecular epidemiology.
Authors: G A Storch, C S Park, D E Dohner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have used the technique of ribonuclease protection to define genomic variation among circulating isolates of subgroup A respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. RNAs extracted from HEp-2 cells infected with strains to be analyzed were hybridized with a 32P-labeled RNA probe corresponding to the RS virus G glycoprotein (A2 strain). Areas of nonhomology were detected by cleavage with ribonuclease A. Using this technique, multiple distinct RNA cleavage patterns could be distinguished among viral isolates recovered from infants residing in the same metropolitan area and infected during the same epidemic season. Epidemiologically related isolates (from coinfected twins, from infants infected during a nosocomial outbreak at an extended care facility, and from institutionalized adults infected during an outbreak) yielded identical patterns. In two separate outbreaks, differences in cleavage patterns among certain isolates corresponded to epidemiologically significant differences among the individuals from whom the isolates were recovered. We conclude that substantial genomic heterogeneity exists among circulating isolates of subgroup A RS virus. Ribonuclease protection can be used as a molecular fingerprinting tool for expanded studies of the molecular epidemiology of this virus.
Reduction in the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction Associated With a Citywide Smoking Ordinance
Authors: Carl Bartecchi, Robert N. Alsever, Christine Nevin-Woods, William M. Thomas, Raymond O. Estacio, Becki Bucher Bartelson, Mori J. Krantz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). One study (Helena, Mont) examined the issue and found a decrease in AMI associated with a smoke-free ordinance. We sought to determine the impact of a smoke-free ordinance on AMI admission rates in another geographically isolated community (Pueblo, Colo). Methods and Results— We assessed AMI hospitalizations in Pueblo during a 3-year period, 1.5 years before and 1.5 years after implementation of a smoke-free ordinance. We compared the AMI hospitalization rates among individuals residing within city limits, the area where the ordinance applied, versus those outside city limits. We also compared AMI rates during this time period with another geographically isolated but proximal community, El Paso County, Colo, that did not have an ordinance. A total of 855 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of primary AMI in Pueblo between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2004. A reduction in AMI hospitalizations was observed in the period after the ordinance among Pueblo city limit residents (relative risk [RR]=0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 to 0.85). No significant changes in AMI rates were observed among residents outside city limits (RR=0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.16) or in El Paso County during the same period (RR=0.97, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.06). The reduction in AMI rate within Pueblo differed significantly from changes in the external control group (El Paso County) even after adjustment for seasonal trends ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— A public ordinance reducing exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with a decrease in AMI hospitalizations in Pueblo, Colo, which supports previous data from a smaller study.
Toll-like Receptor 1 Polymorphisms Affect Innate Immune Responses and Outcomes in Sepsis
Authors: Mark M. Wurfel, Anthony C. Gordon, Tarah D. Holden, Frank Radella, Jeanna Strout, Osamu Kajikawa, John T. Ruzinski, Gail Rona, R. Anthony Black, Seth Stratton, Gail P. Jarvik, Adeline M. Hajjar, Deborah A. Nickerson, Mark Rieder, Jonathan Sevransky, James P. Maloney, Marc Moss, Greg Martin, Carl Shanholtz, Joe G. N. Garcia, Li Gao, Roy Brower, Kathleen C. Barnes, Keith R. Walley, James A. Russell, Thomas R. Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Rationale: Polymorphisms affecting Toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated responses could predispose to excessive inflammation during an infection and contribute to an increased risk for poor outcomes in patients with sepsis.Objectives: To identify hypermorphic polymorphisms causing elevated TLR-mediated innate immune cytokine and chemokine responses and to test whether these polymorphisms are associated with increased susceptibility to death, organ dysfunction, and infections in patients with sepsis.Methods: We screened single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 43 TLR-related genes to identify variants affecting TLR-mediated inflammatory responses in blood from healthy volunteers ex vivo. The SNP associated most strongly with hypermorphic responses was tested for associations with death, organ dysfunction, and type of infection in two studies: a nested case–control study in a cohort of intensive care unit patients with sepsis, and a case–control study using patients with sepsis, patients with sepsis-related acute lung injury, and healthy control subjects.Measurements and Main Results: The SNP demonstrating the most hypermorphic effect was the G allele of TLR1−7202A/G (rs5743551), which associated with elevated TLR1-mediated cytokine production (P < 2 × 10−20). TLR1−7202G marked a coding SNP that causes higher TLR1-induced NF-κB activation and higher cell surface TLR1 expression. In the cohort of patients with sepsis TLR1−7202G predicted worse organ dysfunction and death (odds ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–3.09). In the case-control study TLR1−7202G was associated with sepsis-related acute lung injury (odds ratio, 3.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.59–7.27). TLR1−7202G also associated with a higher prevalence of gram-positive cultures in both clinical studies.Conclusions: Hypermorphic genetic variation in TLR1 is associated with increased susceptibility to organ dysfunction, death, and gram-positive infection in sepsis.