tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P022: Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype is Associated with Elevated Inflammatory Biomarker Levels
Authors: Maithili Shenoy, Tushar Tuliani, Vikas Veeranna, Sandip Zalawadiya, Krunal H. Patel, Luis Afonso
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemic waist (TGW) is an easily identifiable clinical phenotype, reflecting visceral obesity. Inflammatory markers and insulin resistance potentially serve as the genetic link between TGW, accelerated atherogenesis and cardiovascular outcomes. We describe characteristics of patients with TGW and the association between inflammatory biomarkers, insulin resistance and TGW. Methods: Our sample consisted of 3328 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994). Subjects who did not have data regarding waist circumference (WC) or fasting serum triglycerides (TG) were excluded. TGW was defined as WC ≥ 90 cm and TG ≥ 176 mg/dl in males and WC ≥ 85 cm and TG ≥ 132 mg/dl in females. Biomarkers studied were serum ferritin, C Reactive protein (CRP), uric acid, fasting insulin and C-peptide. Stata 11 was used to perform T test (using log-transformed variables), Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression. Results: Our data consisted of 51% (1700) males, 56% (1847) Caucasians/16% (537) African Americans, 54% (1791) had hypertension, 12% (406) had diabetes, 38% (1255) had hyperlipidemia and 35% (1169) had TGW. Mean TG was 163+155mg/dl; mean WC was 99+14cm. Patients with TGW were older (61+ 12 vs. 59+13, p&lt;0.001), male (54 vs. 48%, p 0.003), Caucasian (60 vs. 54%, p&lt;0.001), had more hypertension (61 vs. 50%, p&lt;0.001), hyperlipidemia (47 vs. 33%, p&lt;0.001), diabetes (17 vs. 10%, p&lt;0.001). T test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test revealed ferritin, CRP, uric acid, insulin and C-peptide to be higher among those who had TGW. They predicted TGW after adjustment for age, sex, race, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, hypertension medications, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipidemia medications, diabetes, end stage renal disease and hemodialysis. (See table 1) Conclusion: Patients with TGW have worse clinical profiles. Inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance are associated with TGW. Genetic studies are required for further evaluation. Table 1. Biomarker Ferritin (ng/ml) CRP (mg/dl) Uric acid (mg/dl) Insulin (µU/ml) C peptide (ng/ml) Median (TGW) 115 0.33 5.6 13.3 1.02 Median (no TGW) 92 0.21 5.3 8.2 0.69 Β coefficient 0.202 0.236 0.091 0.543 1.171 95% CI 0.098-0.306 0.123-0.349 0.011-0.185 0.266-0.821 0.786-1.556 P value &lt;0.001 &lt;0.001 0.098 &lt;0.001 &lt;0.001
Pertechnegas lung clearance in different forms of interstitial lung disease
Authors: M.J. Thomeer, B. Dehaes, L. Mortelmans, M. Demedts
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are characterized by an acute or chronic inflammation of the alveolar capillary membrane, which affects the permeability of this membrane. A possible way to measure the permeability of the membrane is by radionuclide aerosol imaging. Pertechnegas, a gas composed of technetium-labelled carbon particles, has recently been proposed as a new ventilation agent to measure this lung clearance. The clearance by pertechnegas in the four most common forms of ILD (eight patients with connective tissue disease, 10 with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, nine with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and 10 with sarcoidosis) was measured and compared with 10 nonactive smoking controls. Because forced vital capacity (FVC), total lung capacity (TLC) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung (<i>D</i><sub>L,CO</sub>) are used in the assessment of functional severity of the ILD, the pertechnegas clearance was correlated with these lung-function indices. It was found that the time to half clearance of pertechnegas of the lung is significantly decreased in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (p&lt;0.0001), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (p=0.0005) and connective tissue disease (p=0.002) but not in sarcoidosis when compared with 10 nonsmoking controls. A significant correlation is also found between time to half clearance and FVC (r=0.76; p&lt;0.0001), TLC (r=0.63; p&lt;0.0001) and <i>D</i><sub>L,CO</sub> (r=0.75; p&lt;0.0001) for all groups together. For all subjects as a group, the time to half clearance is shorter in the upper lung zones than in the lower zones (p&lt;0.0001) and the ratio between both zones is not significantly different between the different types of disease. These results indicate that pertechnegas clearance is increased in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis and connective tissue disease, but not in sarcoidosis and is related to the functional severity of the disease.
Outbreak of Weil's disease in a food fad commune in India.
Authors: D K Srivastava
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Social future of elderly admitted to acute care hospital SIR,-In the study by Dr Francoise Roudot- Thoraval and colleagues (7 March, p 608) 32 of the 39 patients discharged to long term care had a negative view of it at the start of their acute admission, and no patient who was free of family pressure wanted to be transferred to long term care.The factor that predicted whether a patient would go into long term care was the view of the family, not that of the patient.Secondly, though it is difficult to find a comparable British series, a transfer rate from acute to long term care of 31% seems very high.Might this high transfer rate itself be responsible for the strong correlation between being trans- ferred to a long term bed and staying longer in the acute one?Perhaps the local long stay sector is unable to cope with this transfer rate and the system is dealing with the overload by allowing a backup of patients in the acute sector.I have not seen the cited papers by Kane et al but presume that they report American experience.As to the importance of the age and mental state of the patient, several British studies have shown them to be valuable in predicting the outcome of hospital admissions."-3In this unit we emphasise the need for very early involvement of the family in an old person's care.In the difficult balance between taking risks and preserving independence, however, we believe that British families tend to opt for safety at the expense of freedom.We would therefore advise against any movement to give families the pre- dominant voice in determining placement.It would also be unwise to ignore the financial consequences of non-essential use of long term facilities.
Can handicapped subjects use perceptual symbol systems?
Authors: F. Lowenthal
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

It is very tempting to try to reconcile perception and cognition perceptual symbol systems may be a good way to achieve this; but is there actually a perception-cognition continuum? We offer several arguments for and against the existence of such a continuum and in favor of the choice of perceptual symbol systems. One of these arguments is purely theoretical, some are based on PET-scan observations and others are based on research with handicapped subjects who have communication problems associated with cerebral lesions. These arguments suggest that modal perceptual symbols do indeed exist and that perception and cognition might have a common neuronal basis; but perceptual and cognitive activities require the activation of different neuronal structures.
Predictive value of precore hepatitis B virus mutations in spontaneous and interferon-induced hepatitis B e antigen clearance
Authors: Anna S. F. Lok, Ulus S. Akarca, Sheila Greene
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We previously reported two mutually exclusive mutations in the precore region of hepatitis B virus: M1 (T-1856, proline-serine substitution at codon 15) and M2 (A-1896, stop codon at codon 28). This study was conducted to determine if the presence of precore mutants affect spontaneous or interferon (IFN)-induced hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance. Sera from 201 hepatitis B e antigen positive Chinese patients (including 106 who participated in a controlled trial of IFN therapy) with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were analyzed by direct sequencing of HBV DNA after amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Forty-three (21%) patients had M1 (T-1856), and 20 patients (10%) had M2 (A-1896). During a follow-up period of 1 to 7 years, 75%, 28%, and 26% of those with M2 (A-1896), M1 (T-1856), and wild type sequence respectively, cleared HBeAg (P < .0001). Eighteen (67%) of 27 patients with wild-type sequence but none of 10 patients who had M1 (T-1856) in their initial samples developed M2 (A-1896) after loss of HBeAg (P < .0001). Sustained antiviral response was achieved in 55%, 0%, and 17% of interferon-treated patients who had M2 (A-1896), M1 (T-1856), and wild-type sequence, respectively, initially (P = .04). However, patients with M2 (A-1896) were also more likely to have elevated pretreatment aminotransferase levels (P = .02). In summary, HBeAg-positive Chinese patients with M2 (A-1896) were mor likely to clear HBeAg, and to do so earlier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pioneer in Modern Medicine: David Linn Edsall of Harvard
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

David L. Edsall received his MD degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1895 and entered an academic career, combining practice, teaching, and research. He represented the progressive trend that, in the first decade of the 20th century, was creating a new "scientific" medicine. The Johns Hopkins Medical School, the Rockefeller Institute, the application of chemistry and physiology to the study of disease, the reevaluation of medical education, all were symptomatic of the new current. Into this new movement Edsall entered enthusiastically and ably. He engaged in clinical research, particularly on metabolic problems, used chemistry and physiology to advance the knowledge of the patient, and was one of the original group of "young Turks"—the American Society for Clinical Investigation. He quickly became a leader, clearly destined for high position, and in 1912 he accepted an offer from Harvard to become professor of medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital. In 1918
Transfer of zymosan (yeast cell walls) to the parasitophorous vacuoles of macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis.
Authors: P S Veras, C de Chastellier, M Rabinovitch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Leishmania are flagellated protozoan parasites which, in their amastigote stages, survive and multiply within phagolysosome-like parasitophorous vacuoles (PV) of mammalian macrophages (MO). This study develops an earlier ultrastructural, incidental observation that zymosan particles (Z) were transferred to the PV of macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis. In the present report, a pulse-chase light microscopic assay was used to delineate several features of the Z transfer. The assay reflects both the movement of internalized particles to a position adjoining a PV, and their delivery to the vacuoles. Transfer was selective, in the sense that Z, beta-glucan or heat-killed yeast particles were transferred, whereas latex beads, aldehyde-fixed, or immunoglobulin G-coated erythrocytes were not. This selectivity may be related to the high density of carbohydrate ligands displayed on the surface of yeast-derived particles, to ligand resistance to lysosomal degradation or to signals encoded in the cytosolic tails of the receptors involved in particle recognition. A few Z particles could be found within PV after 1 h of incubation with infected MO, but chase periods of several hours at 34 degrees C were required for particle transfer to the PV in a substantial proportion of the MO. Ammonium chloride, chloroquine, or monensin, compounds which increase the pH in acidified compartments, substantially enhanced the transfer of Z particles. Finally, transfer was inhibited by cytochalasin D, but was unaffected by the antitubulin nocodazole. Although it is not yet known if particle transfer occurs by fusion of donor vesicles with PV or by interiorization of the former into the latter, the model described should be useful in the study of the interactions between large phagocytic vesicles and the modulation of those interactions by cellular, parasitic, and environmental signals.
390 TRENDS IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS OVER SIX YEARS: A FRENCH EXPERIENCE
Authors: C. Brouard, C. Pioche, J.P. Bronowicki, P. Couzigou, O. Goria, D. Guyader, P. Hillon, P. Marcellin, J.P. Miguet, F. Roudot-Thoraval, C. Silvain, J.P. Zarski, E. Delarocque-Astagneau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Fatal Measles Pneumonia in a Child With Chickenpox Pneumonia
Authors: Louis A. Lobes
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A 27-month-old boy developed fatal measles pneumonia during the course of severe hemorrhagic varicella with pulmonary involvement. His humoral antibody response to both viruses was normal. Neither historical nor histologic evidence suggests any defect of cellular immunity. It is hypothesized that interferon, produced during the first (varicella) infection, was not effective in protecting against the second (measles) virus because of its limited location in relation to the timing and progression of the latter illness. It is probable that the ventilation-perfusion deficit, resulting from the combined effect of the two viral infections, was severe enough to cause death.
Mutual recognition of parental and F1 lymphocytes. Selective abrogation of cytotoxic potential of F1 lymphocytes by parental lymphocytes.
Authors: G M Shearer, R P Polisson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Four different combinations of F1 hybrid mice [(C57BL/10 X B10.A)F1, (C57BL/10 X B10.BR)F1, B6D2F1, and AKD2F1] were injected intravenously with spleen cells from parental strains. The T-cell-mediated cytotoxic potential of spleen cells from the injected F1 mice was assessed from 4 to 21 d later by in vitro sensitization with trinitrophenyl-modified parental or syngeneic F1 spleen cells (TNP-self) or with allogeneic spleen cells. The cytotoxic potential of the F1 mice to TNP-self as well as to alloantigens was abolished or severely depressed throughout this period when the respective H-2k,a,d parental spleen cells were injected. In contrast, the cytotoxic potential was unaffected or only marginally reduced when H-2b parental cells were injected. The induction of depressed cytotoxic activity was shown to be a result of a population of parental radiosensitive T lymphocytes. The results should be discussed with respect to (a) the genetic and mechanistic parameters associated with the differential depressive effects of parental cells expressing H-2b vs. H-2k,a,d antigens, and (b) the use of this system for investigating allogeneic receptors on T-lymphocyte populations.
Oxygen uptake kinetics are determined by cardiac function at onset of exercise rather than peak exercise in patients with prior myocardial infarction.
Authors: A Koike, M Hiroe, H Adachi, T Yajima, Y Yamauchi, A Nogami, H Ito, Y Miyahara, M Korenaga, F Marumo
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Resting cardiac function does not necessarily affect exercise capacity. However, to determine whether it affects early dynamics of oxygen uptake (VO2) during exercise, we measured VO2 during a constant work rate and during incremental exercise testing in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. VO2 kinetics and exercise capacity were compared between patients with relatively high left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF &gt; or = 35%, group 1) and those with lower ejection fractions (LVEF &lt; 35%, group 2). METHODS AND RESULTS Forty patients with a history of prior myocardial infarction (age, 57 +/- 10 years) were monitored during 6 minutes of moderate constant work rate testing (40 +/- 8 W) and during symptom-limited incremental exercise testing with a cycle ergometer. VO2 was calculated from respired gas analysis on a breath-by-breath basis. Cardiac output determinations were made with a computerized cadmium telluride detector every 10 seconds during exercise. The VO2 time constant during constant work rate exercise was slower in group 2 (58.0 +/- 7.6 seconds) compared with group 1 (45.8 +/- 10.5 seconds, P = .0002), indicating slower kinetics in group 2. The time constant for the rise in cardiac output during exercise was also slower in patients with lower EFs (63.0 +/- 12.8 versus 50.0 +/- 12.2 seconds). However, there were no differences in exercise capacity parameters, such as the VO2 or cardiac output at peak exercise, obtained during incremental exercise testing among the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged time constant of VO2, which is primarily determined during early parts of exercise, reflects delayed cardiac output response in patients with severely impaired LV function. The time constant of VO2 during submaximal constant work rate exercise can be used as a sensitive and discriminant measure of impaired cardiac reserve in these patients.
Reduction of Incidence of Prematurity by Folic Acid Supplementation in Pregnancy
Authors: N. Baumslag, T. Edelstein, J. Metz
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Folic acid administered to pregnant Bantu, whose diet is low in folate, was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of prematurity. No such effect could be demonstrated in White patients subsisting on an average Western diet. This suggests that folate deficiency may contribute to the “pregnancy wastage” in populations whose dietary folate intake is low, and is a further indication for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy in these groups.
Intrarectal challenge of macaques vaccinated with formalin-inactivated simian immunodeficiency virus
Authors: M.P. Cranage, A. Baskerville, LaE. Ashworth, M. Dennis, N. Cook, S. Sharpe, G. Farrar, P.J. Greenaway, J. Rose, P.A. Kitchin
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Does Pornography-Blocking Software Block Access to Health Information on the Internet?
Authors: Caroline R. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextThe Internet has become an important tool for finding health information, especially among adolescents.Many computers have software designed to block access to Internet pornography.Because pornography-blocking software cannot perfectly discriminate between pornographic and nonpornographic Web sites, such products may block access to health information sites, particularly those related to sexuality.Objective To quantify the extent to which pornography-blocking software used in schools and libraries limits access to health information Web sites. Design and SettingIn a simulation of adolescent Internet searching, we compiled search results from 24 health information searches (n=3206) and 6 pornography searches (n = 781).We then classified the content of each site as either health information (n=2467), pornography (n=516), or other (n=1004).We also compiled a list of top teen health information sites (n = 586).We then tested 6 blocking products commonly used in schools and libraries and 1 blocking product used on home computers, each at 2 or 3 levels of blocking restrictiveness.Main Outcome Measure Rates of health information and pornography blocking. ResultsAt the least restrictive blocking setting, configured to block only pornography, the products blocked a mean of only 1.4% of health information sites.The differences between blocking products was small (range, 0.6%-2.3%).However, about 10% of health sites found using some search terms related to sexuality (eg, safe sex, condoms) and homosexuality (eg, gay) were blocked.The mean pornography blocking rate was 87% (range, 84%-90%).At moderate settings, the mean blocking rate was 5% for health information and 90% for pornography.At the most restrictive settings, health information blocking increased substantially (24%), but pornography blocking was only slightly higher (91%).Conclusions Blocking settings have a greater impact than choice of blocking product on frequency of health information blocking.At their least restrictive settings, overblocking of general health information poses a relatively minor impediment.However, searches on some terms related to sexuality led to substantially more health information blocking.More restrictive blocking configurations blocked pornography only slightly more, but substantially increased blocking of health information sites.
824. Control of Splicing Efficiency by the Mouse Histone H2a Element in an MLV-Based Retroviral Vector
Authors: Jun-Tae Lee, Seung Shin Yu, V. Narry Kim, Joong-Gon Kim, Youngtae Hong, Sujeong Kim, Karim Lee, Sun Mee Bae, Kyung Mi Koh, Hye Lim Cho, Sunyoung Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

While using various human cDNA sequences in the context of the MLV-based retroviral vector, it was found that a retroviral vector containing some human cDNA sequences produces unusually low viral titer, as compared with the identical vector but harboring different sequences. One of those sequences is that for the human IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RN). The RNA analysis showed that a cryptic splice acceptor sequence is present in the middle of its coding region, resulting in the deletion of the packaging signal sequence and the removal of some coding sequences which lead to low viral titer and a low level of the transgene product. We tested whether the mouse Hist2h2aa1 element (mH2aE), previously shown to suppress the splicing function, could inhibit the cryptic splicing in the context of MLV-based retroviral vectors. It was found that the mH2aE could efficiently suppress such unwanted splicing event, thus increasing the amount of unspliced transcript which eventually led to the increase in the level of IL1RN expression and viral titer. The mH2aE worked in a position-dependent manner, and its activity was enhanced with the increased copy number. The mH2aE could also be used to control unusually high splicing activity resulting from the presence of the artificially inserted heterologous splice acceptor sequence, thereby improving the overall performance of such splicing function-containing retroviral vector. Our data suggested that the mH2aE could be used for the fine-tunning of the splicing process and thus improving the level of gene expression and viral titer in the context of retroviral vectors.
REAL-TIME MRI EVALUATION OF ACUTE LEFT ATRIAL INJURY PROGRESSION DURING RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Troy Badger, Gaston Vergara, Alexis Harrison, Sathya Vijayakumar, Eugene G. Kholmovski, Christopher J. McGann, Rob S. MacLeod, Nassir F. Marrouche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Lead Poisoning in Gurkha Soldiers in Hong Kong
Authors: J. G. P. Power, R. M. Barnes, W. N. C. Nash, J. D. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Investigation of an outbreak of lead-poisoning in 121 Gurkha soldiers showed that this was due to the contamination of chilli powder (cayenne pepper), a constituent of curry powder, with lead chromate. Comprehensive systems of food sampling are needed in developing communities.
Prolonged Respirator Use in Pulmonary Insufficiency of Newborn
Authors: D. Vernon Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Eighteen newborn infants who were moribund secondary to respiratory insufficiency were treated with prolonged mechanical breathing by an anesthetic endotracheal tube; 11 survived. On removal of the endotracheal tube laryngeal and tracheal obstruction did not develop. The longest period of successful respirator treatment was nine days. The birth weight of the smallest surviving infant was 2.2 lb (1,020 gm). Tracheal intubation with a soft plastic tube is quicker and simpler than tracheostomy, and even if maintained for many days, may be less traumatic. It deserves wider and probably earlier trial in the treatment of respiratory inadequacy of the newborn. Attention to detail is essential for airway preservation and for continuance of satisfactory ventilation. Nutrition is best managed by feeding through a gastrostomy tube.