tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of mitochondrial function by efavirenz increases lipid content in hepatic cells
Authors: Ana Blas-García, Nadezda Apostolova, Daniel Ballesteros, Daniel Monleón, Jose M. Morales, Milagros Rocha, Victor M. Victor, Juan V. Esplugues
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Efavirenz (EFV) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) widely used in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection therapy. It has been associated with hepatotoxic effects and alterations in lipid and body fat composition. Given the importance of the liver in lipid regulation, we have evaluated the effects of clinically used concentrations of EFV on the mitochondria and lipid metabolism of human hepatic cells in vitro . Mitochondrial function was rapidly undermined by EFV to an extent that varied with the concentration employed; in particular, respiration and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were reduced whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased. Results in isolated mitochondria suggest that the mechanism responsible for these actions was a specific inhibition of complex I of the respiratory chain. The reduction in energy production triggered a compensatory mechanism mediated by the enzyme adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK), the master switch of cellular bioenergetics. Fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated a rapid intracellular increase of neutral lipids, usually in the form of droplets. This was prevented by the AMPK inhibitor compound C and by removal of fatty acids from the culture medium. These effects were not reproduced by Nevirapine, another NNRTI. EFV is clinically coadministered with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Evaluation of one of the most common combination, EFV/Lamivudine/Abacavir, revealed that the effects of EFV on ROS production were enhanced. Conclusion: Clinical concentrations of EFV induce bioenergetic stress in hepatic cells by acutely inhibiting mitochondrial function. This new mechanism of mitochondrial interference leads to an accumulation of lipids in the cytoplasm that is mediated by activation of AMPK. Hepatology 2010
Confusion after admission to hospital in elderly patients using benzodiazepines.
Authors: A Foy, V Drinkwater, S March, P Mearrick
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Confusion after admission to hospital in elderly patients using benzodiazepines During 1983 and 1984 the alcohol and drug services unit at the Royal Newcastle Hospital was often asked to help in the management of elderly patients who had developed confusion while in hospital, after the withdrawal of benzodiazepine drugs.We therefore carried out a prospective study to document prior use of benzodiazepines in a group of elderly patients admitted to hospital and to record the development in hospital of signs and symptoms that might be manifestations of withdrawal reactions. Patients, methods, and resultsAll patients over 65 years ofage admitted to the department ofmedicine, Royal Newcastle Hospital, were included in this study, except for those requiring urgent resuscitation.Approval was obtained from the Royal Newcastle Hospital ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects.Each patient was interviewed within 24 hours, a detailed drug history was taken, and a urine sample was obtained for drug analysis.On each successive day the patient's pulse, blood pressure, and temperature were recorded, and a note was made of confusion, disorientation, or seizures.Urine samples were assayed qualitatively for benzodiazepine using the enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique urine benzodiazepine assay (Syva Diagnostics, Palo Alto Ca),' modified by inclusion of a hydrolysis step.'The patient's attending doctors were not told of results of the
A monocyte function test (complement receptor enhancement) to assess the extent of bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: M Carroll, M J Smith, M E Hodson, A B Kay
Journal: Thorax (1987)

A monocyte function test (complement receptor enhancement) was undertaken on 45 patients with suspected bronchial carcinoma in whom this diagnosis was subsequently substantiated. In 38 (84%) complement receptor enhancement was below a range of values previously established for monocytes from 48 healthy control subjects and from 12 patients with non-malignant respiratory diseases. It was found that all 38 patients with reduced complement receptor enhancement had either local or widespread metastases, as determined by the chest radiograph and a variable combination of chest tomography, liver, bone and brain scanning, computed tomography, fibreoptic bronchoscopy, bone marrow aspiration, liver function tests, mediastinoscopy, and surgical assessment, where appropriate. By contrast, at the time of presentation there was no clear relationship between abnormal values in several conventional screening haematological or biochemical tests and the stage of the tumour. These results suggest that complement receptor enhancement might serve as a useful pointer to the extent of the disease, since low values were associated with extension within the chest and very low values were found with widespread metastases.
Changing Social-Sexual Patterns in Gynecologic Practice
Authors: Susan Wall
Journal: JAMA (1977)

One hundred randomly selected patients from the outpatient Gynecology Unit of the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center were interviewed to determine current attitudes toward reproductive and sexual roles. Major areas of change apparent in the younger population were a substantial decrease in formal marriage, a reduction in the wish for children, a movement away from oral contraception back to mechanical barrier methods, and an attitudinal shift toward acceptance of a bisexual adaptation. It is important for the practicing physician to be responsive to the life-style pattern present in the new generation of women patients.
Inhibitory influences of xanthine oxidase inhibitor and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor on multinucleated giant cell formation from monocytes by downregulation of adhesion molecules and purinergic receptors
Authors: K. Mizuno, H. Okamoto, T. Horio
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, are widely used for hyperuricaemia and hypertension, respectively. There have been reported cases showing that these two agents are effective for the treatment of granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis, although the mode of action is not elucidated.We examined the in vitro effects of these agents on the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGC) from human monocytes by concanavalin A-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatants (conditioned medium).We cultured monocytes with conditioned medium and each agent and compared the rate of MGC formation as well as the expression of adhesion molecules and P2X7 receptor, which are involved in MGC formation.The addition of 25 or 100 microg mL(-1) allopurinol or 0.125-1.0 microg mL(-1) captopril inhibited MGC formation. Monocytes treated with these agents exhibited less expression of intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) than untreated monocytes. The susceptibility of monocytes cultured in conditioned medium for 24 h to 2'-and 3'-o-(4-benzoyl-benzoyl)adenosine triphosphate-mediated cytolysis was significantly lower in monocytes treated with these agents than in untreated monocytes.Allopurinol and captopril have a therapeutic effect on granulomatous disorders by a direct action on monocyte/macrophage lineage cells partly through downregulation of ICAM-1 and P2X7 receptor.
Recombinant human interferon gamma in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: double blind placebo controlled study.
Authors: K P Machold, K Neumann, J S Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Interferon gamma (IFN gamma) has been advocated in open studies as a beneficial remission inducing drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The work reported here was designed to assess the therapeutic potential of IFN gamma in the treatment of RA in a double blind placebo controlled study. It was found that patients treated with IFN gamma improved significantly with respect to morning stiffness, grip strength, swelling of an index joint, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Furthermore significantly more responders (according to predetermined response criteria) were found in the group treated with IFN gamma. Only minor adverse effects and no significant toxicity with respect to clinical or laboratory parameters were observed.
Autism in Children Born After In Vitro Fertilization—Reply
Authors: Sven Sandin, Christina Hultman, Abraham Reichenberg
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ankle injury. The need for stress films
Authors: J. Edeiken
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ANKLE injury is one of the most frequent injuries examined by the primary care physician. In the absence of fracture, he must distinguish sprains from complete ligamentous tears. At times he must request stress roentgenograms of the ankle.  Ankle injuries may be classified into three broad categories: (1) mild sprain, (2) moderate to severe injuries as indicated by moderate soft-tissue swelling and pain, and (3) severe injury with gross fracture and dislocation.  Fortunately, most injuries are mild sprains, and no permanent damage ensues. Severe injuries are generally referred to an orthopedic surgeon for roentgenographic examination and subsequent management and, therefore, are not a problem to the primary care physician. However, the second group of moderate injuries is of most concern. Some moderate injuries are entirely ligamentous or include a small chip fracture, indicating instability of the ankle mortise. The seriousness of these injuries is often unrecognized and inadequately treated, and
CagA: a role at last
Authors: J C ATHERTON
Journal: Gut (2000)

Helicobacter pylori, present in half of the world's population, is a very successful pathogen.It can survive for decades in the human stomach with few obvious consequences to the host.However, it is also the cause of gastric diseases ranging from gastritis to ulcers to gastric cancer and has been classified a type 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization.We have previously shown that phosphorylation of a 145-kDa protein and activation of signal transduction pathways are associated with the attachment of H. pylori to gastric cells.Here we identify the 145-kDa protein as the H. pylori CagA protein.We also show that CagA is necessary to induce a growthfactor-like phenotype (hummingbird) in host gastric cells similar to that induced by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF).Additionally, we identify a second cellular phenotype induced after attachment by H. pylori, which we call SFA (stress fiber associated).SFA is CagA independent and is produced by type I and type II H. pylori.
A nonredundant role for mouse Serpinb3a in the induction of mucus production in asthma
Authors: Umasundari Sivaprasad, David J. Askew, Mark B. Ericksen, Aaron M. Gibson, Matthew T. Stier, Eric B. Brandt, Stacey A. Bass, Michael O. Daines, Jamila Chakir, Keith F. Stringer, Susan E. Wert, Jeffrey A. Whitsett, Timothy D. Le Cras, Marsha Wills-Karp, Gary A. Silverman, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Dismal Rehabilitation in Geriatric Inner-city Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Onyekachi Ifudu
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the extent of functional and vocational rehabilitation achieved by elderly inner-city patients sustained on maintenance hemodialysis. <h3>Design.</h3> —Inception cohort study of elderly patients who have end-stage renal disease using a modified Karnofsky rating system. The need for a wheelchair, participation in household activities, and effect of comorbid conditions were noted. Current status was compared with patient's recollection of functional activity level 2 years before commencing maintenance hemodialysis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Seven outpatient, hospital-affiliated and private hemodialysis units in Brooklyn, NY. <h3>Patients.</h3> —One hundred four patients aged 65 years or older who were receiving maintenance hemodialysis for at least 6 months. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —A score of 76 or greater on a modified Karnofsky scale indicated independent function at a level that permitted participation in activities beyond those mandated by the hemodialysis regimen. A comorbidity score 6 or greater on a newly constructed index correlated with severe debility. Employment status was also recorded. <h3>Results.</h3> —Present functional activity had deteriorated to a modified Karnofsky score of 66±12.3 (±SD) compared with patients' recollection of a mean score of 84±14.3 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) 2 years before initiation of hemodialysis. Diabetic patients had a lower score than nondiabetic patients. The mean comorbidity index of the entire study group was 7.8±2.9 (mean±SD). Within the diabetic subset, severe debility constrained 71 patients (68%) to limit all activity to their residence with the exception of travel to and from their dialysis facility. By contrast, 2 years prior to commencing dialytic therapy, 81 diabetic patients (78%) had interests and activities that took them outside their homes (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Generalized weakness was the most common explanation given for the lack of outside activity by nine patients (9%) who were wheelchair bound. Erythropoietin, though regularly administered to 87 patients (84%) in the study group, was unsuccessful in raising mean hematocrit reading above 0.28±0.05 (mean±SD). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Maintenance hemodialysis does not return inner-city elderly patients to their predialysis level of functioning. Few elderly, diabetic hemodialysis patients conduct any substantive portion of their lives outside their homes. For nondiabetic patients, the modified Karnofsky score of whites (70.4±11.9) and blacks (66.5±15.3), though low, was equivalent (<i>P</i>&lt;.4). (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:29-33)
Orthotopic Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Shashi Kumar, Rudolf E. Stauber, Judith S. Gavaler, Michael H. Basista, Vincents J. Dindzans, Robert R. Schade, Mordechai Rabinovitz, Ralph E. Tarter, Robert Gordon, Thomas E. Starzl, David H. Van Thiel
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Alcohol abuse is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease in the United States, but many transplant centers are unwilling to accept alcoholic patients because of their supposed potential for recidivism, poor compliance with the required immunosuppression regimen and resulting failure of the allograft. There is also concern that alcohol-induced injury in other organs will preclude a good result. From July 1, 1982, to April 30, 1988, 73 patients received orthotopic liver transplants at the University of Pittsburgh for end-stage alcoholic liver disease. Fifty-two (71%) of these were alive at 25 +/- 9 mo (mean +/- S.D.) after transplantation, when a phone survey of these patients, their wives/husbands, and their physicians was performed to evaluate their subsequent use of alcohol, current medical condition and employment. Data obtained were compared with those for nonalcoholic patients selected as transplant controls. The recidivism rate has been 11.5%, with most patients drinking only socially. Fifty-four percent of the survivors are employed, 21% classify themselves as homemakers and only 11 (21%) are unable to work. Twenty-one patients died after transplantation; the most frequent cause of death was sepsis (43%), and intraoperative death was the next most common cause (28.6%). These data demonstrate that alcoholic patients can be transplanted successfully and achieve good health not significantly different from that of individuals transplanted for other causes. Thus orthotopic liver transplantation is a therapeutic option that should be considered for individuals with end-stage alcoholic liver disease who desire such therapy.
Cost-effective Medical Care
Authors: Stephen Hamburger
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The recent editorial by Lundberg concerning overuse of laboratory tests was interesting and appropriate in light of the ever-increasing cost of health care (1983; 249:639). We have previously reported on a comparison of laboratory and ancillary service use between endocrinologists and nonendocrinologists treating diabetic ketoacidosis in a university setting. 1 Although the period of hospitalization was similar, the total number of laboratory tests and roentgenographic procedures and average number per patient per hospital day were notably increased in the specialist group, 17.02% and 13.13%, respectively. In a similar study comparing internists and family practitioners, we found that total laboratory use and length of stay per patient were increased in the internal medicine group by 67.77% and 10.65%, respectively. 2 In both studies, no difference in clinical outcome was noted. In addition, we compared laboratory test use in diabetic ketoacidosis at the same hospital in 1975 and 1980.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating Cancer
Authors: Robert O. Dillman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To assess the current status of in-vivo use of monoclonal antibodies for treating cancer. Data Identification: Publications appearing between 1980 and 1988 were identified by computer searches using MEDLINE and CANCERLIT, by reviewing the table of contents of recently published journals, and by searching bibliographies of identified books and articles. Study Selection: More than 700 articles, including peerreviewed articles and book chapters, were identified and selected for analysis. Data Extraction: The literature was reviewed and 235 articles were selected as relevant and representative of the current issues and future applications for in-vivo monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy and of the toxicity and efficacy which has been associated with clinical trials. Results of Data Syntheses: Approaches include using antibody alone (interacting with complement or effector cells or binding directly with certain cell receptors) and immunoconjugates (antibody coupled to radioisotopes, drugs, toxins, or other biologicals). Most experience has been with murine antibodies. Trials of antibody alone and radiolabeled antibodies have confirmed the feasibility of this approach and the in-vivo trafficking of antibodies to tumor cells. However, tumor cell heterogeneity, lack of cytotoxicity, and the development of human antimouse antibodies have limited clinical efficacy. Although the immunoconjugates are very promising, heterogeneity and the antimouse immune response have hampered this approach as has the additional challenge of chemically or genetically coupling antibody to cytotoxic agents. Conclusions: As a therapeutic modality, monoclonal antibodies are still promising but their general use will be delayed for several years. New approaches using human antibodies and reducing the human antiglobulin response should facilitate treatment.
IMPACT OF PLATELET TRANSFUSION ON PLATELET ACTIVATION AND AGGREGATION IN CARDIAC SURGERY PATIENTS RECEIVING ASPIRIN AND P2Y12 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
Authors: Stephen A. O'Connor, Rejane Martin, Julien Amour, Jeremie Abtan, Mathieu Kerneis, Johanne Silvain, Pascal Leprince, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Mixed Cryoglobulins and Glomerulonephritis
Authors: DAVID GOLDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The serum of a patient with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with mixed cryoglobulins showed sustained high levels of rheumatoid factors. Immunoglobulin (Ig) G, M, and beta1C-globulin were demonstrated in the involved glomeruli by the fluorescent antibody technique. Treatment of the patient with prednisone and chlorambucil was associated with a falling serum creatinine but with no change in circulating cryoglobulins. The patient died of an intracerebral hemorrhage.
Health and respirable particulate (PM10) air pollution: a causal or statistical association?
Authors: J F Gamble, R J Lewis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Numerous studies have reported weak but statistically significant acute health effects of particulate air pollution. The associations are observed at levels below the current U.S. standard of 150 micrograms/m3 (24 hr). Health effects include acute increased mortality from cardiopulmonary conditions and acute morbidity such as hospital admissions for related diseases. We reviewed recent epidemiology studies to evaluate whether criteria for causality are met, and we conclude that they are not. The weak associations are as likely to be due to confounding by weather, copollutants, or exposure misclassification as by ambient particulate matter (PM). The results from the same metropolitan areas are inconsistent, and PM explains such a small amount of the variability in mortality/morbidity that the association has little practical significance. Finally, experimental chamber studies of susceptible individuals exposed to PM concentrations well above 150 micrograms/m3 provide no evidence to support the morbidity/mortality findings. None of the criteria for establishing causality of the PM/mortality hypothesis are clearly met at ambient concentrations common in many U.S. cities.
The Technique of Surgical Correction of Anomalies of the Pulmonary Veins in a Series of 25 Cases
Authors: F. Risch, Chs. Hahn
Journal: Thorax (1958)

In this paper we intend to confine ourselves to the strictly surgical aspects of anomalies of the pulmonary veins in a series of 25 patients who were operated on in this clinic.Anomalies of the pulmonary veins are very often associated with communications between the systemic and the pulmonary circulation, such as atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, or ventricular septal defect.An atrial septal defect existed in 23 of these 25 cases, and a ventricular septal defect in one; only one patient showed an intact atrial septum (partial anomaly of the pulmonary veins).In none of these cases was a patent ductus arteriosus found.In two, the anomaly of the pulmonary veins was associated with coarctation of the aorta.The various lesions are classified in Table I.TABLE I CLASSIFICATION OF 25 CASES OF ANOMALIES OF PULMONARY VEINS TREATED SURGICALLY Complete transposition of pulmonary veins 2 cases Partial transposition of pulmonary veins ..23 cases 22 right-sided cases (all pulmonary veins in 7, part ofthe veins in 15) One left-sided case COMPLETE TRANSPOSITION OF PULMONARY VEINS This is a rare anomaly.Guntheroth, Nadas, and Gross recently reported that only 159 cases have been described in the literature, usually as necropsy findings.Two cases were submitted to operation in this clinic.(Observations on all types of complete transposition of the pulmonary veins are presented in a paper by A. Dekker, of the Anatomical Institute, Leyden.)FIG.1.-A drawing to show the large common trunk collecting the four pulmonary veins.Notethe narrow anastomosis that in this case connects it with the coronary sinus.