tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Orphenadrine in Hiccups
Authors: J. William Finch
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Patients with severe hiccups have responded gratifyingly to therapy with a skeletal muscle relaxant. Patient 1, a 63-year-old male alcoholic, had been hiccuping constantly at about 20-second intervals for several days and nights, and was unable to eat or sleep. Complete relief occurred 13 minutes after injection of 60 mg of orphenadrine citrate (Norflex-Injectable). One 100-mg tablet of orphenadrine citrate was then given twice daily for two days, and hiccups have not recurred. In patient 2, a male alcoholic with a similar history, intravenously administered placebo was ineffective. Intravenous administration of the muscle relaxant was followed by prompt relief. Three additional injections were then given at 12-hour intervals. The patient was released with instructions to take two tablets daily. Hiccups have not recurred. Patient 3, an elderly female with duodenal-jejunal obstruction, had marked gaseous distension, vomiting, and severe hiccups, controlled with one intravenous injection of orphenadrine. Tablets
Maternal and paternal age at delivery, birth order, and risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort
Authors: L. C Stene
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the associations of maternal and paternal age at delivery and of birth order with the risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes. <b>Design:</b> Cohort study by record linkage of the medical birth registry and the national childhood diabetes registry in Norway. <b>Setting:</b> Norway. <b>Subjects:</b> All live births in Norway between 1974 and 1998 (1.4 million people) were followed for a maximum of 15 years, contributing 8.2 million person years of observation during 1989-98. 1824 cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1989 and 1998 were identified. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Incidence of type 1 diabetes. <b>Results:</b> There was no association between maternal age at delivery and type 1 diabetes among firstborn children, but among fourthborn children there was a 43.2% increase in incidence of diabetes for each five year increase in maternal age (95% confidence interval 6.4% to 92.6%). Each increase in birth order was associated with a 17.9% reduction in incidence (3.2% to 30.4%) when maternal age was 20-24 years, but the association was weaker when maternal age was 30 years or more. Paternal age was not associated with type 1 diabetes after maternal age was adjusted for. <b>Conclusions:</b> Intrauterine factors and early life environment may influence the risk of type 1 diabetes. The relation of maternal age and birth order to risk of type 1 diabetes is complex. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Maternal age at birth is positively associated with risk of childhood onset type 1 diabetes Studies of the effect of birth order on risk of type 1 diabetes have given inconsistent results <h3>What does this study add?</h3> In a national cohort, risk of diabetes in firstborn children was not associated with maternal age Increasing maternal age was a risk factor in children born second or later The strength of the association increased with increasing birth order
Lack of cyanosis in cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Authors: D Lacy, M Watkinson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Thyroid dysfunction and affective illness SIR,-Professor E Szabadi's editorial on thyroid dysfunction and affective illness raised the question of whether subclinical dysfunction of the thyroid has a role in affective illnesses.'Lithium is well recognised to affect thyroid hormones; cases of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism have been reported.2Primary affective disorders may themselves have a role in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.A recent study was designed to determine whether the development of autoimmune thyroid disease was due to lithium treatment or depressive illness.4Three main groups were studied: a control group, patients receiving treatment other than lithium for depression, and patients receiving lithium for their manic depressive illness.All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid.The serum samples obtained were tested for thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies.None of the controls were positive for thyroid antibodies, but 7-5% of the patients receiving treatment other than lithium for depression were positive for the antibodies.This, however, is not significantly high when compared with the incidence in the general population.'The patients receiving lithium for their manic depressive illness showed a greatly increased incidence of thyroid antibodies (20%), in keeping with results of other studies.' 6 The authors concluded that lithium treatment induces the formation of antibodies in susceptible people, which may lead to the development of thyroid disease in these patients.A larger study will be necessary to determine whether affective disorders alone play any part in the development of subclinical hypothyroidism.
Direct Measurement of Lead in Bone A Promising Biomarker
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Chronic excessive exposure to lead is widespread in industrialized societies. In the United States, an estimated 3 million young children have a blood lead level of 0.50 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) or more, the level considered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to indicate increased absorption.<sup>1</sup>Also, more than 1.4 million industrial workers have the potential for chronic exposure through occupations such as stained glass manufacturing, battery making, and bridge demolishing.<sup>2</sup> See also p 197. Despite the extent of this exposure, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the chronic toxicity of lead.<sup>3</sup>For example, we do not know the level of cumulative exposure in adults that is associated with chronic dysfunction of the central or peripheral nervous systems. We do not know whether chronic exposure is associated with motor neuron disease, parkinsonism, or other chronic neurological illnesses. We do not know the fraction of hypertension
Adding niacin to simvastatin did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with CV disease and dyslipidemia
Authors: Donald A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 April 2012Adding niacin to simvastatin did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with CV disease and dyslipidemiaDonald A. Smith, MD, MPHDonald A. Smith, MD, MPHMount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA (D.A.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-8-201204170-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAIM-HIGH Investigators. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2255-67. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22085343Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: References1 Canner PL, Berge KG, Wenger NK, et al; Coronary Drug Research Project Group. Fifteen year mortality in Coronary Drug Project patients: long-term benefit with niacin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:1245-55. [PMID: 3782631] Google Scholar2 Taylor AJ, Villines TC, Stanek EJ, et al. Extended-release niacin or ezetimibe and carotid intima-media thickness. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:2113-22. [PMID: 19915217] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA (D.A.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 April 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 April 2012Volume 156, Issue 8Page: JC4-8KeywordsCoronary heart diseaseCoronary revascularizationDyslipidemiaNiacinStable coronary artery diseaseStatins ePublished: 17 April 2012 Issue Published: 17 April 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Harms from breast cancer screening outweigh benefits if death caused by treatment is included
Authors: M. Baum
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Each new intake of medical students to my surgical “firm” started off with a tutorial where I posed a rhetorical question: “Why do we screen for cancer?” To which the inevitable answer would be, “To catch it early, sir.” Wrong. The question should be reframed, as “Does screening for cancer improve length or quality of life?” All other outcomes are surrogates.

The clinical trials of screening for breast cancer that informed the recent Marmot review1 made no attempt to measure quality of life, but a surrogate for that might be mastectomy rate in screened compared with unscreened populations. On that measure alone, screening fails: the hazard ratio for mastectomy of 1.2 favours the unscreened population.2

So, does screening improve length of life? Sadly, the Marmot committee chose to duck that one and rely on another surrogate outcome measure, cause specific mortality, with the rather lame excuse that the trials weren’t powered to detect any impact on all cause mortality. Well shame on them, I say. The ProtecT trial of prostate specific antigen screening for prostate cancer gives equal weight to cause specific and all cause mortality by accepting that overdiagnosis and overtreatment might lead to an increase in all cause mortality.3 Here I estimate the additional non-breast cancer deaths that might be the consequence of screening for breast cancer.

The CRC1 trial was published in the BMJ in 1989.4 Patients were randomised to mastectomy with or without radiotherapy. This cohort of 2800 women was recruited contemporaneously with those in the old randomised trials of screening by mammography. Note in figure 1 of this paper that the 10 year survival was about 55%. Also, after …
Management of Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Union
Authors: M. Matsushita, H. Takakuwa, Y. Matsubayashi, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We read with interest the letter from Çiçek et al. [1] about a case of anomalous pancreaticobiliary union (APBU) accompanied by congenital choledochal cyst. Because the patient had never experienced an attack of cholangitis or pancreatitis, they followed up the patient without any further treatment. We believe that their management of APBU accompanied by congenital choledochal cyst was inadequate.
Why is the house mouse karyotype so variable?
Authors: Michael W. Nachman, Jeremy B. Searle
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1995)

rates of robertsonian chromosomal evolution in the Western European house mouse are about two orders of magnitude greater than for most other mammals. This has resulted in a remarkable diversity of karyotypic races in a very short period of time. Recent studies are beginning to shed light on the relative contributions of mutation, drift, selection and meiotic drive in producing this pattern.
Fc-dependent expression of CD137 on human NK cells: insights into “agonistic” effects of anti-CD137 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Wei Lin, Caroline J. Voskens, Xiaoyu Zhang, Daniel G. Schindler, Aaron Wood, Erin Burch, Yadong Wei, Lieping Chen, Guoliang Tian, Koji Tamada, Lai-Xi Wang, Dan H. Schulze, Dean Mann, Scott E. Strome
Journal: Blood (2008)
Endocrinology and Metabolism
Authors: Richard L. Landau
Journal: JAMA (1984)

For many years, "juvenile-onset" and "maturity-onset" diabetes mellitus were useful descriptive terms with both prognostic and therapeutic implications. Those diabetics in whom the disease begins in childhood or early adult life are generally ketosis prone and insulin requiring. Moreover, the onset of their disorder often appears to be explosive. Diabetes in older adults is gradual in its onset, often occurring in association with obesity. Many of these latter patients do not require insulin and their condition can be regulated by diet, with or without oral antidiabetic drugs. Some require insulin, but their treatment is usually easier than that of the juveniles, and they are not ketosis prone. Several years ago, diabeticians tried to replace these descriptive terms with "insulin dependent" (for juvenile onset) and "non-insulin dependent" (for maturity onset). More recently, the confusion created by these terms has been handled by the use of "type I" for insulin dependent and
Brain Scan May Predict Schizophrenia
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Other Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease in Female Runners
Authors: Paul T. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Official guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assert that the majority of health benefits from physical activity are obtained by walking 2 miles (3.2 km) briskly most days of the week (the energy equivalent of running 8 to 12 km per week). The objective of our study was to examine the dose–response relation in women between risk factors for coronary heart disease, particularly the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and vigorous exercise at levels that exceed the official guidelines.
The Liaison of Isotype Class Switch and Mismatch Repair
Authors: Amy L. Kenter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The Ig class switch allows the expression of a V region with new CH regions associated with various effector functions (for reviews, see references ([1][1]) and ([2][2])). Switch recombination (SR) occurs by an intrachromosomal deletion process in which the intervening genetic material between the
Aneurysm of the Renal Artery
Authors: EDWARD WEISS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1927)

Article1 October 1927Aneurysm of the Renal ArteryEDWARD WEISS, M.D.EDWARD WEISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-4-247 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe chief interest of this case report is the interpretation of the curious roentgenogram, which readily permits the diagnosis to be made if the condition is thought of. A point of further interest concerns the etiology of aneurysm of the renal artery, as well as of arteries to the other abdominal viscera; syphilis does not seem to play the same important part as in aneurysm in general.Case Report: L. T. A white woman, aged 59, was admitted to the Jefferson Hospital on the service of Dr. S. Solis-Cohen, November 21, 1925. She complained of cough, shortness of breath and...References(1) CALLAHANSCHILTZ WPFH: Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 43:724 (December) 1926. Google Scholar(2) CONROY MJ: Annals of Surgery, 78:628, 1923. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar(3) FRIEDENWALDTANNENBAUM JKH: American Journal of Medical Sciences, 165:11, January, 1923. Google Scholar(4) SUNDERLUND G: Acta Chir. Scandinavia, 58:649, 1924. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Ruptured Intrarenal AneurysmRUPTURED ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM SIMULATING PERINEPHRITIC ABSCESS*Aneurism of the Renal ArteryBilateral aneurysm of the renal artery 1 October 1927Volume 1, Issue 4Page: 247-250KeywordsAneurysmsArteriesDyspneaEtiologyRenal arteriesSyphilis Issue Published: 1 October 1927 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID; ITS CELLULAR ELEMENTS AND GLOBULIN CONTENT
Authors: FREDERIC J. FARNELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1911)

I. The results obtained by the French method appear to show a fairly consistent increase in cells throughout this study. 2. Seventy-six cases of dementia paralytica out of seventy-seven showed a lymphocytosis. Differential counts did not aid materially towards diagnosis. One case of clinical paresis was cytologically negative. Three cases of tabes dorsalis were cytologically positive. Two cases of cerebral syphilis showed a slight increase in cells. Ninty-three per cent of the cases of dementia paralytica gave a positive increase in globulin. One case of tabes dorsalis and one of cerebral syphilis gave a negative globulin reaction. 3. Korsakoff’s psychoses show practically no increase in lymphocytes of albumin. 4. Eighty-nine per cent of the epileptics showed abnormal increase in lymphocytes, at the same time no case of epilepsy gave an increase in globulin. 5. The diagnostic value of lymphocytosis in spinal fluids in cases of manic depressive insanity and dementia præcox still remains unexplained although there is no reason why those individuals may not become infected with the syphilitic virus. The five cases which showed a positive cell count and a positive increase in globulin also gave a positive history of acquired syphilis. 6. Two of three cases of traumatic psychoses gave a lymphocytosis but a negative globulin reaction. 7. Four out of five cases of senile symmetrical atrophy gave negative results throughout. 8. Two out of four cases of cerebral arteriosclerosis of nonsyphilitic genesis gave a mild lymphocytosis but a negative butryic acid reaction. 9. Morphinism and acetanilidism gave a lymphocytosis without increase in the globulin content, except in one case where there was a question of paresis. I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. William Mabon, superintendent of Manhattan State Hospital, for the opportunity of making this study, and to Dr. George H. Kirby for his most valuable assistance and encouragement in the division of the work.
The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice
Authors: Fritz. E. Dreifuss
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Despite the veritable spate of books on the epilepsies and individual aspects thereof over the past few years, the appearance of Wyllie's tome sets a new standard for comprehensiveness on the subject of treatment of epilepsy. The authorship includes 128 individuals, most of whom have made significant contributions in their individual areas of expertise. Yet, this book is much more than a Name-Dropper's Guide to the Galaxy of Epileptology. It brings together the collective experience of those actively engaged in both research and the clinical areas covered, providing a remarkably up-to-date account whose currency has been enhanced by the fast-track treatment of editor and publisher. The book has six main sections. Section 1 is devoted to basic mechanisms including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and principles of genetics and epidemiology. I found the chapters on the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis and natural history of seizures of particular value in clarifying areas that frequently
Clinical, virologic, histologic, and biochemical outcomes after successful HCV therapy: A 5-year follow-up of 150 patients
Authors: Sarah L. George, Bruce R. Bacon, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Kusal L. Mihindukulasuriya, Joyce Hoffmann, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

One hundred fifty patients with sustained virologic response (SVR) after treatment of chronic hepatitis C were enrolled in a long-term clinical follow-up study; patients were followed for 5 years for liver-related outcomes and evidence of biochemical or virologic relapse. Patients with stage 2 or greater fibrosis on pretreatment biopsy were invited to undergo a long-term follow-up biopsy after their fourth year of follow-up. One hundred twenty-eight patients (85%) were followed through their fourth year, and long-term follow-up biopsies were obtained from 60 patients (40%). Forty-nine patients had paired pretreatment and long-term follow-up biopsies blindly rescored. Forty of these patients (82%) had a decrease in fibrosis score, and 45 (92%) had a decrease in combined inflammation score. Ten patients (20%) had normal or nearly normal livers on long-term follow-up biopsy. Two patients with pretreatment cirrhosis developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and one died. All the other patients with pretreatment cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis had improved fibrosis scores on long-term follow-up biopsy. No patient had conclusive evidence of virologic relapse. Three patients had persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase levels; two of these had new liver disease.In a cohort of 150 patients with SVR followed for 5 years, the majority of patients had good outcomes. Serum virologic relapse was not seen, but two patients with pretreatment cirrhosis developed HCC, and one died. In a blind rescoring of 49 paired pretreatment and long-term follow-up biopsies, 82% improved fibrosis scores and 92% improved at least one component of inflammation. A minority of patients had normal or nearly normal liver tissue on long-term follow-up biopsy. Patients with cirrhosis pretreatment are at a low but real risk of HCC after SVR.
Subdural haematoma in two patients with chronic neurological disorders.
Authors: A E Harding
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Frequence des hematomes sous-duraux chez les malades presentant une affection neurologique chronique (sclerose en plaque, maladie de Parkinson) occasionnant des chutes ou traumatismes repetes. Difficulte du diagnostic si les signes sont masques par ceux de la maladie sous-jacente. Interet de la tomographie avec traitement informatique
FARADISATION of the HEAD in the TREATMENT of CHRONIC INSOMNIA and ASSOCIATED NEUROSES
Authors: S. Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1901)

whole structure soon destroyed.Recovery is perhaps impos- sible from the first.One has only to see a strong coolie enter hospital with slight cedema, weakness of muscles, and sensory disturbance to observe the rapid progress of the paralysis and wasting of the limbs and often of the dia- phragm, with sudden death from respiratory or heart failure in spite of all symptomatic treatment to feel that only a specific will be of use in such cases.
Swimming-pool alopecia
Authors: J.A. Cotterill, L. Millard, M.M. Roberts, R.A. Forster, J. Sikokski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Swimming‐pool alopecia Get access J.A. Cotterill, J.A. Cotterill General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Millard, L. Millard General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Roberts, M.M. Roberts General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A. Forster, R.A. Forster General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Sikokski J. Sikokski General Infirmary, Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Page 33, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12498.x Published: 01 July 1974