tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed and persistent suppression of bronchoconstriction by trypsin in the airway lumen
Authors: A. Sharma, H. L. Goh, N. Asokananthan, A. Bakker, G. A. Stewart, H. W. Mitchell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Mucosal trypsin, a protease-activated receptor (PAR) stimulant, may have an endogenous bronchoprotective role on airway smooth muscle. To test this possibility the effects of lumenal trypsin on airway tone in segments of pig bronchus were tested. Bronchial segments from pigs were mounted in an organ chamber containing Kreb's solution. Contractions were assessed from isovolumetric lumen pressure induced by acetylcholine (ACh) or carbachol added to the adventitia. Trypsin, added to the airway lumen (300 µg·mL −1 ), had no immediate effect on smooth muscle tone but suppressed ACh-induced contractions after 60 min, for at least 3 h. Synthetic activating peptides (AP) for PAR 1 , PAR 2 or PAR 3 were without effect, but PAR 4 AP caused rapid, weak suppression of contractions. Lumenal thrombin was without effect and did not prevent the effects of trypsin. Effects of trypsin were reduced by N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester but not indomethacin. Trypsin, thrombin and PAR 4 AP released prostaglandin E2. Adventitially, trypsin, thrombin and PAR 4 AP (but not PAR 2 AP) relaxed carbachol-toned airways after &lt;3 min. The findings of this study show that trypsin causes delayed and persistent bronchoprotection by interacting with airway cells accessible from the lumen. The signalling mechanism may involve nitric oxide synthase but not prostanoids or protease-activated receptors.
Nitric oxide in chronic airway inflammation in children: diagnostic use and pathophysiological significance
Authors: I Narang
Journal: Thorax (2002)

The levels of exhaled and nasal nitric oxide (eNO and nNO) in groups of patients with inflammatory lung diseases are well documented but the diagnostic use of these measurements in an individual is unknown.The levels of nNO and eNO were compared in 31 children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), 21 with non-CF bronchiectasis (Bx), 17 with cystic fibrosis (CF), 35 with asthma (A), and 53 healthy controls (C) using a chemiluminescence NO analyser. A diagnostic receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve for PCD using NO was constructed.The median (range) levels of nNO in parts per billion (ppb) in PCD, Bx, CF, and C were 60.3 (3.3-920), 533.6 (80-2053), 491.3 (31-1140), and 716 (398-1437), respectively; nNO levels were significantly lower in PCD than in all other groups (p<0.05). The median (range) levels of eNO in ppb in PCD, Bx, CF, A, and C were 2.0 (0.2-5.2), 5.4 (1.0-22.1), 2.6 (0.8-12.9), 10.7 (1.6-46.7), and 4.85 (2.5-18.3), respectively. The difference in eNO levels in PCD reached significance (p<0.05) when compared with those in Bx, A and C but not when compared with CF. Using the ROC curve, nNO of 250 ppb showed a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 90% for the diagnosis of PCD.eNO and nNO cannot be used diagnostically to distinguish between most respiratory diseases. However, nNO in particular is a quick and useful diagnostic marker which may be used to screen patients with a clinical suspicion of PCD.
Hb adana or α<sub>2</sub>59(E8)Gly→Aspβ<sub>2</sub>, A severely unstable α<sub>1</sub>‐globin variant, observed in combination with the ‐(α)20.5 KB α‐thal‐1 deletion in two Turkish patients
Authors: M. A. Çürük, A. J. Dimovski, E. Baysal, L‐H. Gu, F. Kutlar, T. P. Molchanova, B. B. Webber, Ç. Altay, A. Gürgey, T. H. J. Huisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We have identified a severely unstable hemoglobin variant through sequencing of amplified DNA involving the α 1 ‐globin gene; the mutation is located in codon 59 (C C G C A G) andresults in a Gly—Asp replacement. This amino acid substitution concerns a glycine residue at an internal position in the E helix, which is in close contact with a glycine residue of the B helix; introduction of the larger and charged aspartic acid residue greatly affects the stability of the molecule. This variant was present in association with a common α‐thalassemia‐1 deletion [‐(α)20.5 kb] in two adults and caused a severe type of Hb H disease with anemia, low levels of Hb A 2 , increased → chain, and Hb Bart's. In vitro chain synthesis in reticulocytes showed a high specific activity of the variant α chain. Only a minute quantity of Hb H was present but instead about 10% of Hb Bart's was observed. The increased synthesis of γ chains was likely due to specific characteristics of a chromosome with haplotype #3, which was present in both patients. The same family was studied 18 years ago [1]; the improved methodology presently available has led to a corrected diagnosis for these patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary Artery Surgery in New York State-Reply
Authors: Edward L. Hannan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We would like to say that what is original about our study is that it allows for comparisons among hospitals after having adjusted for differences in severity of illness. This could not have been done previously because no case-specific severity measures were available for each hospital. On the point of rationing care, we find nothing in comparative studies of hospital performance that inherently leads to, or even suggests, rationing. Between the first 6 months of 1989 and the first 6 months of 1990, the number of cardiac operations in New York State actually increased by 10%. Also, the average severity of illness of those patients receiving operations increased. The purpose of releasing hospital-specific information is to document the variability that exists in hospital performance and to allow potential cardiac surgery patients to make more informed choices among the providers of that care. We feel it is unfortunate that
"Thirst strike": hypernatraemia and acute prerenal failure in a prisoner who refused to drink.
Authors: M. Neeser, P. Ruedin, J. P. Restellini
Journal: BMJ (1992)

5 years.Consequently, if a 5 year old boy has an observed 12 month height velocity at the mean value for the population-'that is, 6 27 cm a year on standard charts-the 95% confidence interval for his true velocity ranges from the 25th centile to the 75th.However, if another boy aged 2 years also has an observed velocity on the 50th centile-8-31 cm a year in this case-the 95% confidence interval ranges from the 21st centile to the 79th.This degree of imprecision in determining the rate of growth, at any age, means that in practice the calculation of a single velocity, even over 12 months, is of limited clinical use.3The measurement of height must therefore begin at the earliest possible age and be repeated at frequent -intervals to observe the trend,
Patients’ Functional Status and Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Laura G. Burke, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Food Asphyxiation — Restaurant Rescue
Authors: W. C. Eller, R. K. Haugen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

IT has been 10 years since Haugen1 demonstrated that sudden deaths during meals — falsely labeled "heart attacks" — are usually due to choking on a large piece of meat. Four years earlier Helpern2 was surprised to learn how often the physician, deluded by the suddenness of death, did not suspect choking and attributed death to coronary thrombosis.Though accurately described in numerous lay publications, this lethal emergency has received scanty recognition in the medical literature. This neglect may explain why a physician in a restaurant recently tried desperately and unsuccessfully to give a choking victim mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, which is . . .
An Evaluation of the Effects of Discontinuation of Chlorpromazine
Authors: Charles Rothstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

DURING the past few years numerous investigators have studied the effects of the ataraxic drugs on psychiatric patients. The undoubtedly valuable contribution of these drugs to psychiatric treatment has proved a sharp stimulus to this type of research. However, in the past few years, newer modalities of therapy have been applied to psychiatric patients, in part because the drugs make patients more amenable to treatment and in part as a result of a better awareness of some of the problems of mental patients. This new era of psychiatric treatment has changed the nature of the psychiatric-hospital environment and has increased . . .
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly Population According to IDF, WHO, and NCEP Definitions and Associations With C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Wolfgang Rathmann, Burkhard Haastert, Andrea Icks, Guido Giani, Rolf Holle, Wolfgang Koenig, Hannelore Löwel, Christa Meisinger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Recently, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has formulated a new worldwide definition for the metabolic syndrome (1). In contrast to the previous World Health Organization (WHO) and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) criteria, abdominal obesity was considered as a prerequisite (2, 3). Population-based epidemiological data on the metabolic syndrome in Europe are rare, and the prevalence in Germany is unknown. Thus, we estimated sex-specific prevalences of the metabolic syndrome according to the IDF, WHO, and NCEP definitions in the population-based KORA Survey 2000 (Augsburg, …
Monkey business over AIDS vaccine.
Authors: G R Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

took a study of 2600 seafarers working with Belgian shipping companies.Of 336 screening tests, 15 (4-5%) yielded a positive result.This is extremely high, the average prevalence of HIV infection among Belgians being 0062%.3Thus, like prisoners, seafarers require management, treatment, education, and information is tailored to their circumstances.They need to be targeted as they pose complex logistical problems with regard to decreasing their risk.
Selective JAK2 Inhibition Specifically Decreases Hodgkin Lymphoma and Mediastinal Large B-cell Lymphoma Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>
Authors: Yansheng Hao, Bjoern Chapuy, Stefano Monti, Heather H. Sun, Scott J. Rodig, Margaret A. Shipp
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (MLBCL) share similar histologic, clinical, and genetic features. In recent studies, we found that disease-specific chromosome 9p24.1/JAK2 amplification increased JAK2 expression and activity in both cHL and MLBCL. This prompted us to assess the activity of a clinical grade JAK2 selective inhibitor, fedratinib (SAR302503/TG101348), in in vitro and in vivo model systems of cHL and MLBCL with defined JAK2 copy numbers.We used functional and immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the preclinical activity of fedratinib and associated biomarkers in cell lines and murine xenograft models of cHL and MLBCL with known 9p24.1/JAK2 copy number.Chemical JAK2 inhibition decreased the cellular proliferation of cHL and MLBCL cell lines and induced their apoptosis. There was an inverse correlation between 9p24.1/JAK2 copy number and the EC50 of fedratinib. Chemical JAK2 inhibition decreased phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, STAT3, and STAT6 and reduced the expression of additional downstream targets, including PD-L1, in a copy number-dependent manner. In murine xenograft models of cHL and MLBCL with 9p24.1/JAK2 amplification, chemical JAK2 inhibition significantly decreased JAK2/STAT signaling and tumor growth and prolonged survival. In in vitro and in vivo studies, pSTAT3 was an excellent biomarker of baseline JAK2 activity and the efficacy of chemical JAK2 inhibition.In in vitro and in vivo analyses, cHL and MLBCL with 9p24.1/JAK2 copy gain are sensitive to chemical JAK2 inhibition suggesting that clinical evaluation of JAK2 blockade is warranted.
Increased hepatic glucose production and decreased hepatic glucose uptake at the prediabetic phase in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rar model
Authors: Yuici Shiba, Yoshimitsu Yamasaki, Minoru Kubota, Munehide Matsuhisa, Tadahiro Tomita, Itsuro Nakahara, Toyohiko Morishima, Ryuzo Kawamori, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Metabolism (1998)
Asynchronous Washout of the Liver as a Sign of Partial Biliary Obstruction
Authors: C C??T??, L CARRIER, D PICARD, R CHARTRAND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

This case is another example of the usefulness of hepatobiliary scan for the evaluation of biliary-enteric anastomoses and stresses the point that performing iate scan could help reveal pathologic process in an obvious way.
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with bronchorrhoea treated with erythromycin
Authors: T Suga, Y Sugiyama, T Fujii, S Kitamura
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Recent reports have shown that erythromycin inhibits bronchial hypersecretion, and, accordingly, erythromycin was administered to a patient with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma with bronchorrhoea. After administration of erythromycin, marked reduction in the volume of sputum was observed, and the patient's quality of life was improved. It is concluded that erythromycin may reduce hypersecretion in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
DNA as an Adjuvant: Capacity of Insect DNA and Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides to Augment T Cell Responses to Specific Antigen
Authors: Siquan Sun, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Jonathan Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

How strong adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) promote T cell priming to protein antigens in vivo is still unclear. Since the unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA of bacteria and other nonvertebrates are stimulatory for B cells and antigen-presenting cells, the strong adjuvanticity of CFA could be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of dead bacteria, i.e., a source of stimulatory DNA. In support of this possibility, evidence is presented that insect DNA in mineral oil has even stronger adjuvant activity than CFA by a number of parameters. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs mimic the effects of insect DNA and, even in soluble form, ODNs markedly potentiate clonal expansion of T cell receptor transgenic T cells responding to specific peptide.
Animal experiments and the doctor
Authors: N. Rothwell
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Andre Menache's criticism (August 2002 JRSM1) of Patrick Vallance's editorial2 is itself flawed. A cornerstone of his argument is a study3 that ranks adverse drug reactions as the fourth leading cause of death in western hospitals. Menache concludes that since these drugs ‘were all thoroughly tested on laboratory animals’ such tests must be worthless.

In fact Lazarou et al.3 is a meta-analysis of the adverse effects of a group of drugs which must include many (e.g. digitalis glycosides, NSAIDs, steroids, antidiabetics, antitumour agents and anticoagulants)4 that were in use before the legislative requirements for animal experiments were introduced. Menache also overlooks the fact that the incidence of adverse effects has not changed over the past 30 years despite the introduction of new treatments for hypertension, peptic ulcer, arthritis and cancer and many other innovative medicines.

Anyway, preclinical animal studies are primarily designed to protect the phase I volunteers. During the subsequent phase II and phase III clinical investigations a candidate drug will generally be ‘tested’ on approximately 3000 humans (probably more than double the number of animals used for the preclinical work-up) before licensing.

We agree with Menache that individualized therapy is a desirable goal. The industry is moving in that direction, but it will be some time before the potential of pharmacogenomics is fully realized, and this will not, in itself, bring about a cessation of animal experiments. Virtually all veterinary drugs originate from human medicine, and for every species difference there are many more species similarities. So we will continue to rely upon animals to furnish us with information about mammalian biology and pathology and to protect our phase I subjects, as well as our patients, in the best tests that we can devise. It would be irresponsible not to.
CB-09 * THE CELL OF ORIGIN FOR GLIOBLASTOMA CONTRIBUTES TO THE PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY OF GLIOMA STEM CELLS
Authors: Y. Jiang, V. D. Marinescu, Y. Xie, C. Haglund, M. Jarvius, N. Lindberg, T. Olofsson, G. Hesselager, I. Alafuzoff, M. Fryknas, R. Larsson, S. Nelander, L. Uhrbom
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent adult primary malignant brain tumor that remains incurable despite aggressive treatment. The cell of origin (COO) for GBM is unknown but assumed to be a glial stem or progenitor cell. GBM harbours hierarchical tumor cells called glioma stem cells (GSCs) that maintain tumor growth, drive tumor progression and cause tumor relapse due to their increased resistance to therapy. We have analyzed the significance of cellular origin for GBM development and GSC properties by comparing mouse GBMs and GSCs derived thereof induced in neural stem cells (NSCs), glial-restricted precursor cells (GPCs) or oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) by identical mutations. There were striking differences in GBM development and the phenotypes of GSCs and their response to drugs owing to the COO. Global gene expression analysis of mouse GSC lines displayed a clear separation due to COO and differential gene expression analysis identified a COO gene signature of 175 genes. Cross-species bioinformatics analyses were performed. First we analyzed the human cancer genome atlas (TCGA) GBM tissue samples and the mouse GSC expression data for a collection of TCGA GBM subtype signature genes. This showed that we could model both Proneural and Mesenchymal GBMs in mice by merely switching the COO. Next, we used the mouse COO gene signature to stratify a large number of newly established human glioma stem cell lines. This produced two groups of human GSCs; the NSC origin group and the progenitor cell (PC) origin group in which the mouse GPC- and OPC-derived genes were combined. Importantly, patient survival was significantly different between the NSC and PC COO groups with a better prognosis for the PC group patients. Thus, the cell of origin is essential for GBM biology and needs to be considered for more accurate patient stratification, target identification and drug discovery.
Whose Schizophrenia Is It, Anyway?
Authors: Luca Alverno
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Mr B. was admitted to the coronary care unit with advanced cardiomyopathy possibly due to alcoholism but with a history of treatment for schizophrenia. Carrying a psychiatric consultation slip marked As soon as possible, I went expecting to encounter the usual case: a patient who was restless and confused with a debilitating disease that contributed to a low level of manageability.  I saw a man who looked younger than his 40 years. His chest bare, he was soundly asleep, head back, arms strapped to the bed.  Why the restraints? I ventured.  The nurse replied, When he is awake he's wild; the only thing that calms him down is intravenous morphine. Why intravenous?  He has prolonged prothrombin times and hematomas develop if we give it IM.  The problem was no longer simple. Was this alcohol, medication, or drug withdrawal; an acute psychotic break; hepatic encephalopathy; or delirium due to one of
A Randomized, Single-Center Study of Equivalence of 2 Intraocular Lenses Used in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Marios Constantinou, Vishal Jhanji, Xie Jing, Ecosse L. Lamoureux, Umberto Boffa, Hugh R. Taylor, Rasik B. Vajpayee
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
An investigation into the properties of human hypertrophic myocardium
Authors: L N FORBAT, C H FRY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Journal Article An investigation into the properties of human hypertrophic myocardium Get access L N FORBAT, L N FORBAT From the Department of Physiology, United Medical and Dental School (St Thomas' Campus), London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C H FRY C H FRY From the Department of Physiology, United Medical and Dental School (St Thomas' Campus), London SE1 7EH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 22, Issue 8, August 1988, Page 600, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/22.8.600 Published: 01 August 1988
Oncogenic Osteomalacia and Renal Adenomatoid Dysplasia
Authors: Francois Lustman, Raoul Parmentier, Pierre Dustin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1985Oncogenic Osteomalacia and Renal Adenomatoid DysplasiaFRANCOIS LUSTMAN, M.D., RAOUL PARMENTIER, M.D., Ph.D., PIERRE DUSTIN, M.D., Ph.D.FRANCOIS LUSTMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RAOUL PARMENTIER, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, PIERRE DUSTIN, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-6-869_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Taylor and colleagues (1) reported the case of a patient with oncogenic osteomalacia due to oat-cell carcinoma, and cited another case of a nonmesenchymal tumor related to a prostatic carcinoma (2). They stress that this syndrome is usually associated with benign mesenchymal neoplasms and point out that disturbance of proximal tubular function can be suggested in some patients by glycosuria and aminoaciduria. In 1965, we saw a patient with osteomalacia associated with a mesenchymal cancer, which was particularly interesting because of the renal findings noted at autopsy (3).In 1957 a 43-year-old woman presented with osteomalacia. Her...References1. TAYLORFALLONVELASCO HMM. Oncogenic osteomalacia and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to oat-cell carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:786-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LYLESBERRYHAUSSLERHARRELSONDREZNER KWMJM. Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: association with prostatic carcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:275-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BUYSEHENRYLUSTMANPARMENTIER GMFR. Dysplasie rénale associée à un cancer hépatique métastatique, avec ostéomalacie et phosphaturie. Eur J Cancer. 1965;1:59-66. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. EULDERINK F. Adenomatoid changes in Bowman's capsule in primary carcinoma of the liver. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1964;87:251-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANCOIS LUSTMAN, M.D.; RAOUL PARMENTIER, M.D., Ph.D.; PIERRE DUSTIN, M.D., Ph.D.Affiliations: Free University Brussels Belgium PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMost Osteomalacia-associated Mesenchymal Tumors Are a Single Histopathologic EntityElectrolyte Abnormalities in Cancer 1 June 1985Volume 102, Issue 6Page: 869-870KeywordsAutopsyDysplasiaRenal cancer ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...