tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ordinary Lives: Voices of Disability and Disease
Authors: Ernest W. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This 225-page hardcover book is a compilation of 17 selections—essays, poems, and chapters—by 11 different authors, each with a disability. The editor was disabled with polio, and other contributors include individuals with cerebral palsy, visual handicap, hearing deficit, heart attack, stroke, and mastectomy.  The book is a convenient source of writings from the perspective of someone who has had an impairment. If the purpose of the book is simply to interest readers in books by the disabled, it has merit; however, it seemed to me a contrived attempt to present a valid exposition of the disabled cliches. After struggling through the potpourri, I felt like a person being force-fed a meal selected from a buffet by someone with different tastes.  Having previously read the book by Eric Hodgkin, Episode in My Skull , I considered the chapter selected to be representative of the book. I also enjoyed the selection by the
Group A Streptococcal Infections of the Skin and Pharynx
Authors: Georges Peter, Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Group A streptococci produce many infections, but the two most common are pharyngitis and impetigo. In a pediatric practice in Rochester, New York, approximately 10 per cent of office visits were related to streptococcal disease, and half these cases were pharyngitis.1 In spite of this high prevalence a study group found that recent medical-school graduates are not well versed in the microbiology or therapy of Group A streptococcal disease.2 These considerations prompt this review of the pathogenesis and management of two common streptococcal infections.The OrganismStreptococci are gram-positive, facultatively an-aerobic cocci that grow in chains . . .
Pulmonary Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis (PLC): Spectrum of FDG-PET Findings
Authors: Gunsel Acikgoz, Sung M. Kim, Mohamed Houseni, Tevfik F. Cermik, Charles M. Intenzo, Abass Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The lungs are among the most common sites for metastases from a multitude of cancers. The majority of pulmonary metastases appear nodular on radiologic images. Interstitial spread of tumor through pulmonary lymphatics, also known as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC), is not uncommon and constitutes approximately 7% of pulmonary metastases. PLC is most often seen with adenocarcinoma of a variety of histologies such as thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma. It is usually noted in late stages of malignancy and therefore is indicative of a poor prognosis. Diagnosis of PLC is usually based on a combination of clinical and radiologic findings. However, the diagnosis is difficult when patients have limited clinical findings or have a history of or the possibility of other interstitial lung diseases. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been the modality of choice in the radiologic diagnosis of PLC. Imaging features of PLC on HRCT include thickening of interlobular septa, fissures, and bronchovascular bundles. Distribution of PLC may be focal or diffuse, unilateral or bilateral, and symmetric or asymmetric. Although FDG-PET has been extensively used in primary or secondary lung malignancies, its role and appearance in PLC have not been well determined in the literature. In this communication, we describe a spectrum of FDG-PET and CT findings in 5 cases with PLC. Similar to CT, the distribution of PLC can be extensive or limited on the FDG-PET. Diffuse, lobar, or segmental FDG uptake in the lungs is seen in extensive PLC. In limited PLC, a linear or a hazy area of FDG uptake extending from the tumor can be seen. Recognition of various patterns related to PLC on FDG-PET may allow accurate diagnosis of disease and could potentially influence the management of these patients.
Reply to "The Controversy over the Harvey Medical College of Chicago."
Authors: Julius Grinker
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Nov. 28, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Being the originator of the discussion regarding the recognition by the Illinois State Board of Health of the Harvey Medical College and others of the same type, permit me to make the following reply to Dr. Byron Robinson's letter which was published in your last issue. The writer of the letter, for some of whose opinions in his special field of work I have the highest respect, has undertaken with one master-stroke of his pen to apparently settle the difficult problem of medical education by proclaiming the Harvey Medical Evening College of Chicago the queen of medical institutions. At least that is the tone of the Doctor's article. Had I not known any more about the Harvey than is given in the above-named letter I should have unqualifiedly agreed with the Doctor and joined in his praises of Harvey and never would
Glycolysis as a target for the design of new anti-trypanosome drugs
Authors: Christophe L.M.J. Verlinde, Véronique Hannaert, Casimir Blonski, Michèle Willson, Jacques J. Périé, Linda A. Fothergill-Gilmore, Fred R. Opperdoes, Michael H. Gelb, Wim G.J. Hol, Paul A.M. Michels
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2001)
Let's Stop the Donnybrook
Authors: Robert H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1975)

[This column has been delayed for one week, as I have pursued more detailed information relating to the events that preceded and occurred on January 27, 1975. I am reminded once again of the motto of the University of Virginia, "For here we are not afraid to follow the truth wherever it may lead, nor to tolerate any error so long as reason is left free to combat it."] On Monday, the 27th of January, Dr. G. Donald Whedon, Director of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (NIAMD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), authorized release of the findings of the Biometric Society—which had completed its review of the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) Study. This preceded publication of the Biometric Society article and an accompanying editorial by Dr. Thomas Chalmers, Dean and President of the Mt. Sinai Medical Center, in the Feb 10 issue ofThe
Call for resignation of junior doctors' leaders defeated at BMA meeting
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Representatives overwhelmingly rejected a demand from the Birmingham division for the resignation of the chair and deputy chairs of the Junior Doctors Committee during a highly charged debate on Tuesday about modernising medical careers.

They also gave a standing ovation to committee chair Jo Hilborne, who told members that the blame for the “nightmare of MTAS” did not lie with the JDC, which had warned of the dangers since 2004 and had worked strenuously in recent months to avert it. “The fault is with the medical …
Preparation and cytotoxic activity of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified poly(amidoamine) dendrimers bearing adriamycin
Authors: Kenji Kono, Chie Kojima, Nobuyuki Hayashi, Eiko Nishisaka, Katsuyuki Kiura, Shinobu Watarai, Atsushi Harada
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Cyanosis and Right Ventricular Infarction
Authors: Roger N. Gutner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Marshall and Ecklund (1980;244:330) describe an interesting case of nitrate overdose and resultant methemoglobinemia in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. They correctly point out the need to consider this drug-related side effect in cyanotic patients who have ingested unknown quantities of nitrates. However, the relatively mild<sup>1,2</sup>(and usually asymptomatic) degree of methemoglobinemia, hypoxia, elevated right atrial pressure, and the inferior location of the infarction suggest that another abnormality may have caused the cyanosis. Though generally considered to be an insignificant cardiac structure, the usually closed foramen ovale may become patent and serve as an intracardiac defect that permits shunting of blood from the right to the left side of the heart. This condition most often occurs with elevation of right atrial pressure as is seen in right ventricular infarction<sup>3</sup>and other conditions,<sup>4</sup>including pulmonary embolism, valvular pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension, or ventricular septal
TCT-37 Prospective, Multi-Center Evaluation of the DESolve Nx Novolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold: First Report of One Year Clinical and Imaging Outcomes
Authors: Alexandre Abizaid, Joachim Schofer, Michael Maeng, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Roberto Botelho, John A. Ormiston, Ricardo A. Costa, Jose D. Costa, Daniel Chamié, Juliana P. Castro, Andrea Abizaid, Yan John, Vinayak Bbhat, Lynn Morrison, Sara Toyloy, Stefan Verheye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Development of Diabetes Attitude Scale for Health-Care Professionals
Authors: Robert M Anderson, Michael B Donnelly, Clarice P Gressard, Robert F Dedrick
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

This article describes the development of a diabetes attitude scale (DAS) that was designed to measure the attitudes of health-care professionals (HCPs). The DAS was developed through the efforts of a national panel of diabetes experts. The panel developed a 60-item scale that was pilot tested and reduced to a 50-item scale. The 50-item scale was then mailed to a national sample of HCPs with an interest in diabetes. The surveys were returned by 633 nurses, 322 dietitians, 116 physicians, and 67 others totaling 1138 returns (a return rate of 54%). The returned surveys were analyzed, and a 31-item DAS composed of 8 subscales resulted. Evidence for the reliability and validity of the 31-item DAS along with the instrument itself are included in this study.
Insulin Pump Therapy: Indication, Method, Technology
Authors: K R Paterson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

The last decade, with the introduction and increasing technical sophistication of portable insulin-infusion pump systems, has seen insulin-infusion therapy introduced, gain limited popularity as a treatment option, and, in many countries, fall from favor with the move to multiple injection regimens and pen injection devices. The time is right for an appraisal of the true role of insulin-pump treatment, synthesizing the many anecdotal reports and few controlled studies into useful guidelines for the safe and effective use of this demanding form of insulin delivery. Unfortunately, this book fails to meet the requirement for a critical and analytical review, and its usefulness is thus severely limited.
“Double Chamber” Right Ventricle Due to Prominent Trabeculation
Authors: KEVIN K.L. CHOONG, TERRENCE D. RUDDY, KATHRYN J. ASCAH, KAREN Y. GULENCHYN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors present the case of a patient with an apparent separation of the right ventricle into two chambers as shown by gated blood pool imaging with Tc-99m labeled red blood cells. Two dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a prominent trabecula in the right ventricle that accounted for this appearance. The differential diagnosis for this “double chamber” appearance includes normal anatomical structures such as prominent trabeculae, intracavitary masses (i.e., neoplasms and thrombus), marked right atrial enlargement, pseudoaneurysm formation, and imaging artifacts due to body motion.
Cost-Effectiveness in Hepatitis B
Authors: Brennan M.R. Spiegel, Paul Martin, Fasiha Kanwal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters15 November 2005Cost-Effectiveness in Hepatitis BBrennan M.R. Spiegel, MD, MSHS, Paul Martin, MD, and Fasiha Kanwal, MD, MSHSBrennan M.R. Spiegel, MD, MSHSFrom the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073.Search for more papers by this author, Paul Martin, MDFrom the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073.Search for more papers by this author, and Fasiha Kanwal, MD, MSHSFrom the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Weitzman and Jacobson identify some key issues in the management of chronic HBV infection in an era where several agents are now licensed for this indication. In particular, both entecavir and pegylated interferon have been approved for chronic HBV infection since our manuscript was accepted for publication. Our model did not include these agents. Drs. Weitzman and Jacobson rightfully point out that the effectiveness of entecavir is diminished in the presence of lamivudine resistance, arguing that this finding should dissuade clinicians from using lamivudine as a first-line agent. We agree that this observation should give pause to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90073.Disclosures: Consultancies: B.M.R. Spiegel (Novartis); Grants received: B.M.R. Spiegel (Gilead Sciences). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTreatment Alternatives for Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Fasiha Kanwal , Ian M. Gralnek , Paul Martin , Gareth S. Dulai , Mary Farid , and Brennan M.R. Spiegel Cost-Effectiveness in Hepatitis B Gil Weitzman and Ira Jacobson Metrics Cited ByThe Cost-effectiveness of Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B Infection in the United States 15 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 10Page: 758-759KeywordsCirrhosisFibrosisForecastingHealth economicsHepatitis BInfectious disease controlInterferonsSalvage antiretroviral therapySystematic reviewsViral diseases ePublished: 15 November 2005 Issue Published: 15 November 2005 CopyrightCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Pierre-Marie Roy, Emmanuelle Gras
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 20-year-old, previously healthy woman presented with a progressively worsening headache. She had been well until three weeks earlier, when she started having an episodic, pulsating headache. Migraine was suspected, and treatment with a triptan and acetaminophen was transiently effective. For about a week, the headache worsened, with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and for two days, blurred vision. The patient smoked and took oral contraceptives. Examination disclosed left orbital ecchymosis (Panel A), paralysis of the left abducens nerve, and bilateral papilledema with venous congestion. Magnetic resonance imaging coupled with magnetic resonance angiography confirmed the presence of cerebral venous thrombosis with involvement . . .
Regional Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: EDWARD M. DWYER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Regional Myocardial Blood Flow T HE INCREASING incidence of coro- nary artery disease has provided an intense stimulus for expansion of our present knowledge of the coronary circulation.In the experimental animal laboratory, the electro- magnetic flowmeter has proved to be an excellent tool by which one can study dynamic aspects of the coronary circulation.A flowme- ter is clearly unsuitable for human investiga- tion; therefore, the search for a simple method of analyzing myocardial blood flow has intensified.Over 20 years ago, Eckenhoff et al.' described a method based upon the principle that an inert gas, nitrous oxide (N20), diffuses across the capillary membrane pro- portional to the rate of coronary blood flow.Coronary venous sampling at regular intervals provides a time-concentration curve that permits calculation of myocardial blood flow according to the Fick principle.Myocardial
Cardioprotection caused by ischemic preconditioning or by an alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist is blocked in hearts from epsilon protein kinase C knockout mice
Authors: Hui-zhong Zhou, Joel S. Karliner, Peili Zhu, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Robert O. Messing, Mary O. Gray
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract 1010: Effect of dietary energy balance modulation on the ability of metformin to inhibit skin tumor promotion
Authors: Allyson Checkley, Tricia Moore, Okkyung Rho, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The prevalence of obesity has drastically increased over the last decade and is associated with increased risk for several cancers. In contrast, calorie restriction (CR) universally inhibits cancer. Plausible mechanisms for the energy balance-cancer link include differential signaling through Akt/mTOR via the IGF-1R as well as other growth factor receptors. Previous data from our lab, using topical administration of rapamycin, support the hypothesis that pharmacological disruption of mTORC1 signaling mimics some of the effects of CR on skin tumor promotion. To further explore the role of mTORC1 signaling in tumor promotion we have conducted studies using metformin. In the present study, metformin was administered in the drinking water at doses of 250 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body weight per day to female FVB/N mice, to assess its ability to reverse the effects of overweight/obesity on skin tumor promotion during two-stage skin carcinogenesis. Metformin treatment during skin tumor promotion significantly inhibited tumor multiplicity in a dose dependent manner in mice on an overweight control diet (AIN76A). There was a 70% reduction in papillomas per mouse at the 250 mg/kg dose and a 35% reduction at the 50 mg/kg dose. Short term mechanistic experiments with these same doses revealed significant decreases in TPA-induced epidermal hyperproliferation (as measured by epidermal hyperplasia and labeling index) after oral administration of metformin. Metformin also activated AMP Kinase in the epidermis as measured by pAMPKαT172 at both doses used as well as attenuated signaling through mTORC1 at the highest dose as measured by downstream signaling proteins p70S6KT389 and prS6S235/236. Treatment with the higher dose of metformin also prevented TPA-induced mTORC1 mediated degradation of translational repressor PDCD4. Current experiments are assessing the ability of metformin to suppress skin tumor promotion in mice maintained on an obesity inducing diet (60kcal% fat) and these studies will also be presented. Overall, the current data support the hypothesis that selectively targeting mTORC1, either directly (rapamycin) or indirectly via AMPK activation, may be an effective strategy for reversing the effects of overweight and obesity on tumor development during epithelial carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1010. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1010
New Medicines for Tropical Diseases in Pregnancy: Catch-22
Authors: Nicholas J White, Rose M McGready, François H Nosten
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

There were an estimated 536,000 maternal deaths in the world in 2005, of which 533,000 (99%) occurred in developing countries [1]. Maternal and perinatal conditions are a major contributor to the global burden of disease, yet the pipeline of new drugs specifically for maternal health is alarmingly small [2]. Only 17 drugs are under active development for maternal health indications—less than 3% of the pipeline in cardiovascular health. Since the disaster of thalidomide 50 years ago, the medical profession has been rightfully very cautious about giving newly developed drugs to pregnant women, for fear that they might damage the unborn baby. Particular caution has been exercised in the first trimester to avoid teratogenicity during organogenesis.
Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Among Aboriginal Canadians
Authors: Anthony J.G. Hanley, Stewart B. Harris, Mary Mamakeesick, Ken Goodwin, Edith Fiddler, Robert A. Hegele, J. David Spence, Andrew A. House, Ed Brown, Blair Schoales, John R. McLaughlin, Ronald Klein, Bernard Zinman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Despite a dramatically increasing burden of type 2 diabetes in Aboriginal Canadian communities (1–5), relatively little information is available regarding the prevalence of, and risk factors for, the complications of type 2 diabetes in this population (6). Although previous studies have documented micro- and macrovascular disease in Aboriginal Canadians with diabetes, the majority of these reports have relied heavily on hospital records, chart reviews, and disease registries (6). These approaches may underestimate the magnitude of the complications burden because only those with the severest disease are included, and standardized methods are infrequently used to document complications. The objective of the present research project was to systematically determine, using validated methods, the prevalence of micro- and macrovascular complications among Aboriginal Canadians who have type 2 diabetes and to identify risk factors that are associated with these conditions.

The Sandy Lake Diabetes Complications Study has been presented in detail previously (6). Briefly, all community members known to have type 2 diabetes were invited to participate; 189 of 250 (76%) eligible subjects were enrolled, although the sample size varies given time-limited access to certain equipment. Participants were older than nonparticipants and more likely to be male but did not differ in diabetes treatment. Signed informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study was approved by the Sandy Lake First Nation Band Council and the Mount Sinai Hospital Ethics Review Committee.

We used validated measures to assess retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease risk factors, as described previously (6). Digital fundus photography was performed using a nonmydriatic retinal camera, with …
Stage C Pure Choriocarcinoma of the Testis: A Potentially Curable Lesion
Authors: M. L. Brigden, L. D. Sullivan, R. H. Comisarow
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians publishes information about the prevention, early detection, and treatment of cancer, as well as nutrition, palliative care, survivorship, and additional topics of interest related to cancer care.
Sleep: Physiology and Pathology
Authors: ISMET Karacan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The symposium reported in this book presents the current research bearing on three very closely related aspects of sleep: Its physiology, its pathology, and the use of drugs in the management of sleep disorders. This last section will particularly interest the practitioner. Sleep research is a new field. It has not had the tempering influence of long-standing data gathering, theorizing, and clinical application. Instead, the newly available technology of the last two decades has enabled it to burst forth from many directions at once. The book accurately represents this, and conflicting theories stand shoulder to shoulder, apparently supported by equally incontrovertible data. For example, in regard to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, one might have difficulty in reconciling Dement's statement ("no study has shown that REM deprivation has significant functional consequences for the waking life of human subjects") with Webb's ("REM deprivation results in a hyperactive and labile response state").
Cytosolic Monothiol Glutaredoxins Function in Intracellular Iron Sensing and Trafficking via Their Bound Iron-Sulfur Cluster
Authors: Ulrich Mühlenhoff, Sabine Molik, José R. Godoy, Marta A. Uzarska, Nadine Richter, Andreas Seubert, Yan Zhang, JoAnne Stubbe, Fabien Pierrel, Enrique Herrero, Christopher Horst Lillig, Roland Lill
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)