tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A piece of my mind. Little battles
Authors: R. Malcolm
Journal: JAMA (1990)

It's about 6 PM and I sit down for the first time in 3 hours. My time in combat is over for another day. Four admissions today: Two angry young men in their 30s who are addicted to cocaine and feel they use alcohol only to mellow out. A 15-year-old girl who smokes 10 to 15 joints a day and who—with the exception of cannabis—probably has not put a single new thing in her brain in more than 3 years. A 45-year-old physician's wife who has had five abdominal operations, massive addiction to prescription narcotics, and a profound depression. I have written orders for all four. The work earlier in the day was a sick call for those patients who were previous casualties of this war on drugs. Patients with psychotic depression, second-degree burns, "flu"like illness, and chronic pain syndrome were some of the convalescent wounded. The victims of this
Dose Reconstruction of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Using a Simple Pharmacokinetic Model
Authors: Matthew Lorber, Antonia M. Calafat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), used primarily as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride, is found in a variety of products. Previous studies have quantified human exposure by back calculating intakes based on DEHP metabolite concentrations in urine and by determining concentrations of DEHP in exposure media (e.g., air, food, dust).To better understand the timing and extent of DEHP exposure, we used a simple pharmacokinetic model to "reconstruct" the DEHP dose responsible for the presence of DEHP metabolites in urine.We analyzed urine samples from eight adults for four DEHP metabolites [mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate]. Participants provided full volumes of all voids over 1 week and recorded the time of each void and information on diet, driving, and outdoor activities. Using a model previously calibrated on a single person self-dosed with DEHP in conjunction with the eight participants' data, we used a simple trial-and-error method to determine times and doses of DEHP that resulted in a best fit of predicted and observed urinary concentrations of the metabolites.The average daily mean and median reconstructed DEHP doses were 10.9 and 5.0 µg/kg-day, respectively. The highest single modeled dose of 60 µg/kg occurred when one study participant reported consuming coffee and a bagel with egg and sausage that was purchased at a gas station. About two-thirds of all modeled intake events occurred near the time of reported food or beverage consumption. Twenty percent of the modeled DEHP exposure occurred between 2200 hours and 0500 hours.Dose reconstruction using pharmacokinetic models-in conjunction with biomonitoring data, diary information, and other related data-can provide a powerful means to define timing, magnitude, and possible sources of exposure to a given contaminant.
A Method for Localization of the Cardiac Conduction System during Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: William F. Bernhard, Albert M. Grass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

INJURY to the invisible subendocardial conduction system during surgical closure of congenital defects in the ventricular septum is an uncommon but extremely grave complication.1 , 2 Impalement of these delicate fibers with a needle or enclosure by a silk suture invariably results in complete, irreversible heart block.Recent anatomic and histologic studies indicate that in the presence of a high defect, the bundle of His arises from a normally placed atrioventricular node and penetrates the membranous septum adjacent to the margin of the defect. From this position, the right bundle branch proceeds downward in an arc along the posteroinferior rim at varying . . .
Respiratory cytodiagnosis: study in observer variation and its relation to quality of material.
Authors: D M Evans, G Shelley
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Sensitivity and accuracy of cytodiagnosis were assessed in a multicentre study. Six centres each provided sputum cytological material from 20 cases. Each centre screened and reported on the 100 slides provided by the other five centres. The reports were assessed against consensus reference diagnoses, reached by discussion with transparencies, histological sections, and closed-circuit television. False positive rates of 0-4% (average 1.3%) and false negative rates of 0-12% (average 5.0%) of slides examined were recorded. The order of agreement on the three common cell types was adenocarcinoma 75% (50-91%), squamous cell carcinoma 80% (59-94%) and small carcinoma 95% (71-100%). The effect of quality of material on cytological opinion was assessed by comparing disagreement rates on each of the different sets of 20 slides. Disagreement varied from 1% to 23% depending on which set of material was examined.
Survival of people with clinical diagnosis of dementia in primary care: cohort study
Authors: G. Rait, K. Walters, C. Bottomley, I. Petersen, S. Iliffe, I. Nazareth
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objectives</b> To estimate survival after a diagnosis of dementia in primary care, compared with people without dementia, and to determine incidence of dementia. <b>Design</b> Cohort study using data from The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a primary care database. <b>Setting</b> 353 general practices in the United Kingdom providing data to THIN. <b>Participants</b> All adults aged 60 years or over with a first ever code for dementia from 1990 to 2007 (n=22 529); random sample of five participants without dementia for every participant with dementia matched on practice and time period (n=112 645). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Median survival by age and sex; mortality rates; incidence of dementia by age, sex, and deprivation. <b>Results</b> The median survival of people with dementia diagnosed at age 60-69 was 6.7 (interquartile range 3.1-10.8) years, falling to 1.9 (0.7-3.6) years for those diagnosed at age 90 or over. Adjusted mortality rates were highest in the first year after diagnosis (relative risk 3.68, 95% confidence interval 3.44 to 3.94). This dropped to 2.49 (2.29 to 2.71) in the second year. The incidence of recorded dementia remained stable over time (3-4/1000 person years at risk). The incidence was higher in women and in younger age groups (60-79 years) living in deprived areas. <b>Conclusions</b> Median survival was much lower than in screened populations. These clinically relevant estimates can assist patients and carers, clinicians, and policy makers when planning support for this population. The high risk of death in the first year after diagnosis may reflect diagnoses made at times of crisis or late in the disease trajectory. Late recording of diagnoses of dementia in primary care may result in missed opportunities for potential early interventions.
Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Human guinea pigs and the ethics of experimentation: the BMJ's correspondent at the Nuremberg medical trial
Authors: P. Weindling
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Though the Nuremberg medical trial was a United States military tribunal, British forensic pathologists supplied extensive evidence for the trial. The BMJ had a correspondent at the trial, and he endorsed a utilitarian legitimation of clinical experiments, justifying the medical research carried out under Nazism as of long term scientific benefit despite the human costs. The British supported an international medical commission to evaluate the ethics and scientific quality of German research. Medical opinions differed over whether German medical atrocities should be given publicity or treated in confidence. The BMJ's correspondent warned against medical researchers being taken over by a totalitarian state, and these arguments were used to oppose the NHS and any state control over medical research.
Lymphography: Clinical and Experimental
Authors: Franklin S. Alcorn
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In the 20 years since practical lymphography was introduced, there has been no lack of monographs on the subject. This book is unique, for it devotes substantial discussion to experimental lymphography. After introductory remarks and presentation of technique and the normal human lymphogram, the author devotes several chapters to obstructive lymphopathy in animals and humans. The etiology and experimental work on the demonstration of peripheral lymphovenous communication in man are clearly set forth. The clinical implications of lymphatic obstruction with and without malignant disease, including comments on treatment, will interest the clinician. Examples of the various lymphographic patterns are presented in text and with excellent accompanying reproduction of roentgenograms. The author devotes the remainder of the book to animal experimental and human clinical studies surrounding the diagnosis of obstructive lymphopathy as related to Bancroftian filariasis. The review of this disease is particularly intriguing since there is little opportunity to study
Vote of the Missouri State Medical Association upon the " Three Years Course."
Authors: Charles A. Todd
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As a part of the medical history of the West, the attitude of Missouri towards the great question of educational reform now agitated all over the country, must attract general interest. InThe Journal, April ii, 1891, an account was given of the history of the Three Years' obligatory Medical Course Bill in the Missouri Legislature: Indorsed in a memorial by 1,700 doctors from all over the State, and by a large majority of the fourteen medical colleges chartered by the State, the Bill was unanimously recommended for passage by the committees of both House and Senate. The House passed the Bill by a vote of 85 to 22; it came before the Senate during the last hours of the session, and was defeated by a vote of 5 majority—a number of the Senators had already gone home, including friends of the Bill. A more flagrant violation
Hormonal and enzymatic parameters of hepatic regeneration in patients undergoing major liver resections
Authors: Antonio Francavilla, Carmine Panella, Lorenzo Polimeno, Antonio Giangaspero, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Chen-En Pan, David H. Van Thiel, Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Thirteen patients who underwent 40% to 80% removal of their livers had blood samples drawn initially and daily on postoperative days 1 to 7. The enzyme marker of heightened polyamine metabolism, ornithine decarboxylase, and the indicator of DNA synthesis, thymidine kinase, were measured. In addition, the hormones (insulin, glucagon, estradiol and androgen), which in animals are known to reflect and possibly modulate regeneration, were measured. Changes in all these indices followed the same pattern as in rats, dogs and swine but at a slower rate. Ornithine decarboxylase and estradiol increased within 24 hr, but thymidine kinase and insulin rises did not become statistically significant until 3 to 5 days. Using these plasma or serum indices as surrogate measures of biochemical events in the liver itself, regeneration reached a maximum after 4 or 5 days. By computed tomography scan analysis, restoration of hepatic cell mass was not complete until 3 wk.
Left ventricular electro‐mechanical mapping correlation between automatic and manual editing and comparison with thallium radionuclide perfusion imaging
Authors: I. Bossi, Catherine Klersy, Remi Choussat, Fadi Bou Aoun, Bibi Fatemeh Hayerizadeh, Alexander J. Black, Bernard Cassagneau, Jean Fajadet, Jean Marco
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a sequence in I gamma 2b increases gamma 2b germline transcripts, stimulates B cell DNA synthesis, and inhibits immunoglobulin secretion.
Authors: T Tanaka, C C Chu, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

An antisense phosphorothioate (S)-oligonucleotide to a sequence in the intervening (I) region of the gamma 2b immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain gene inhibits Ig secretion by B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS plus interleukin 4. It is also a striking stimulant of DNA synthesis by resting B cells. The antisense S-oligonucleotide causes a 10-20-fold increase in the expression of the gamma 2b germline transcript. Among mutants of the antisense S-oligonucleotide, some show all the effects whereas others are inactive. A similar hierarchy exists in the quantitative biological activities of mutant S-oligonucleotides and in their capacity to hybridize to the sense oligonucleotide, strongly suggesting that an I gamma 2b sequence in the RNA transcript or in the noncoding strand of the DNA is the target of the antisense S-oligonucleotide. The possible relationship of the overexpression of the germline gamma 2b transcript to the biological functions of the I gamma 2b antisense S-oligonucleotide is discussed.
Regional organisation of neonatal intensive care in the North-west
Authors: M. L Chiswick, P. Davies, R Bate, E. Dryburgh, D Gordon-Nesbitt
Journal: BMJ (1979)

From January 1976 to July 1978, 234 ill neonates were transported to the regional neonatal intensive care unit (ICU) of St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, from 26 maternity hospitals three to 120 miles (4.8-193.1 km) away. Ninety per cent were transferred from 15 hospitals within a 30-mile (48.3 km) radius of the ICU. Most referring hospitals had more than 2000 births a year and offered good nursing supervision of high-risk neonates in conventional special care baby units (SCBUs). In 200 of the 234 babies respiratory symptoms precipitated referral, hyaline membrane disease being the most common final diagnosis. Altogether 143 babies received definitive mechanical ventilation, and most of them were ventilated in the ambulance en route to the ICU. The neonatal survival rates for all babies and for those who received mechanical ventilation were 61% and 45% respectively. Lethal inoperable malformations and tentorial tears accounted for 23 of the 92 deaths.A crisis-orientated referral service directed towards the treatment of babies with impending or actual respiratory failure needs close collaboration between the regional ICU and referring SCBUs, with parallel development of their facilities and skills. A complementary but distinct pattern of referral is necessary to cater for those high-risk but not critically ill babies who are born in hospitals that lack staff and facilities to provide the vigilant and anticipatory care that is so necessary.
Acute Plasmocytic Leukemia Responsive to Cyclophosphamide
Authors: Jody Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A CASE OF acute plasmocytic leukemia is presented because of its rarity and because of its significant subjective and objective response to cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). In the related disease, plasmocytic myeloma,1-8where the therapeutic effect is more difficult to measure, many therapeutic agents have been tried, including cyclophosphamide.9,10The striking response of this patient's disease to cyclephosphamide supports the observations reported in patients with plasmocytic myeloma.  Report of a Case  A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the Multnomah County Hospital, Portland, Ore, on Dec 5, 1963, because of back pain. She had been well until October when she began having pain in the lumbosacral spine. This progressed to involve the thoracic and cervical spine, and was accompanied by gradually increasing weakness and malaise until, on Nov 19, she could no longer continue her work as a cleaning woman. Chills, fever, night sweats, and decreased urine output, with an urge
HEREDITARY HYPOTRICHOSIS CONGENITA: MARIE UNNA TYPE
Authors: DANILO V. STEVANOVIa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article HEREDITARY HYPOTRICHOSIS CONGENITA: MARIE UNNA TYPE Get access DANILO V. STEVANOVIá DANILO V. STEVANOVIá Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Belgrade, Jugoslavia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 3, 1 September 1970, Pages 331–337, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15711.x Published: 01 September 1970 Article history Accepted: 28 April 1970 Published: 01 September 1970
Differential Diagnosis of Prolonged Cortical Retention of Radiotracer in Technetium-99m DTPA Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: PETER W. BLUE, STEPHEN M. MANIER, ALLEN E. CHANTELOIS, NASSER GHAED
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The mechanisms of prolonged renal cortical tracer retention in Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphy are discussed and a variety of examples are presented.
Alpha<sub>1</sub>-Antitrypsin in the Respiratory-Distress Syndrome
Authors: Richard K. Mathis, Esther F. Freier, Carl E. Hunt, William Krivit, Harvey L. Sharp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The presence and severity of the idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome in 34 newborn infants correlated with decreased serum levels of the protease enzyme inhibitor, alpha1-antitrypsin, as compared to 38 normal and sick neonates. These low levels were not the result of a circulating inhibitor or a genetic deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin production. Serum levels of the inhibitor in survivors returned to normal during the recovery phase of the lung disease. Post-mortem immunofluorescent studies of the lungs of infants who did not survive showed that alpha1-antitrypsin was localized to the hyaline membranes. The intensity of immunofluorescence was comparable to that found for fibrin. The lowered serum level of alpha1-antitrypsin in the respiratory-distress syndrome may be accounted for by the incorporation of this protease inhibitor into the pulmonary hyaline membranes.
Abstract 1989: ASPP2 enhances DRAM induced autophagy to promote apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
Authors: Kai Liu, Tao Wen, Ming Ji Yin, Xin Lu Qiao, Ying Shi, Li Li, Jie Dao Liu, Chao Zhang, Ning Li, Charles Lopez, Xi De Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background and Aims: ASPP2 (Apoptosis Stimulating Protein 2 of p53) binds to p53 and enhances p53 pro-apoptotic function. Autophagy may play a role in this process although the mechanisms remain to be clarified. Our aims were to explore the mechanisms by which the ASPP2-p53 pathway could promote apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in order to identify novel therapeutic targets in this disease. Methods: HepG2 cells were transfected with GFP-LC3 plasmid and then damaged with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Apoptosis was detected by cleavage of CK18 and PARP by immunocytochemical staining and Western blot. Real-time PCR and immunoblot were used to analyze changes in DRAM and LC3I/II expression. DRAM siRNA was used to inhibit DRAM function. Results: After MMS exposure for 24 hours, we identified more M30 positive cells and p85 formation in HepG2 cells compared to control cells. When HepG2 cells were transfected with a GFP-LC3 expression plasmid and then treated by MMS, we found that MMS treatment induced LC3 staining punctate structures, a marker for autophagy. Moreover, enforced expression of ASPP2 using adenovirus infection led to more autophagy and apoptosis in HepG2 after MMS treatment, under conditions where ASPP2 expressing adenovirus infection alone could not induce apoptosis and autophagy. Using real time PCR, we identified that MMS treatment could induce DRAM expression and that ASPP2 overexpression prior to MMS could further enhance DRAM expression compared to MMS alone. Immunoblot assay demonstrated that ASPP2 expression increased MMS-induced DRAM expression, LC3 II and p85 formation. Importantly, a DRAM specific siRNA blocked autophagy and apoptosis in HepG2 cells under these conditions when compared to a control siRNA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ASPP2 can enhance MMS induced apoptosis via p53-dependent DRAM-mediated autophagy. Since DRAM is an important component of p53-mediated autophagy, our results demonstrate a new role for ASPP2 in this pathway. These findings open new avenues for investigation into the mechanisms of autophagy-based therapy in hepatocellular cancer (Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30870853,30770742 and 30910103915), Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (7092045 and 7101005) and Basic-Clinical Collaborative Research Fund, CCMU (12JL-L05)). Citation Format: Kai Liu, Tao Wen, Ming Ji Yin, Xin Lu Qiao, Ying Shi, Li Li, Jie Dao Liu, Chao Zhang, Ning Li, Charles Lopez, Xi De Chen. ASPP2 enhances DRAM induced autophagy to promote apoptosis in HepG2 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1989. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1989