tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of tamoxifen and radiotherapy for prevention and treatment of gynaecomastia and breast pain caused by bicalutamide in prostate cancer: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sisto Perdonà, Riccardo Autorino, Sabino De Placido, Massimo D'Armiento, Antonio Gallo, Rocco Damiano, Domenico Pingitore, Luigi Gallo, Marco De Sio, Angelo Raffaele Bianco, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2005)
Indian MPs criticise care in medical clinics for government employees
Authors: M. Kay
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The quality of medical care provided to government employees, retired MPs, and their dependants through India’s Central Government Health Scheme has been criticised in a report by MPs.

The Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare said in its report that clinics run under the scheme were understaffed and lacked basic infrastructure and that care was often delivered by uncaring and indifferent doctors …
The sinus node in sudden infant death syndrome.
Authors: H P Kozakewich, B M McManus, G F Vawter
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The sinus node (SN) was examined histologically in 30 infants diagnosed with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and in 18 age-matched controls who died of known causes. Location, size and organization of the SN did not differ significantly in the two groups Petechiae involved the SN region in 20% of SIDS and 17% of control infants and probably do not represent a primary event. In three SIDS infants (10%), intimal lesions reduced the lumen of the intranodal SN artery by 63-83% in cross-sectional area. These resembled the intimal thickenings frequently observed in main epicardial coronary arteries of infants. Whether the vascular alterations in these three cases had adverse effects upon SN function is unknown.
Reversible Sinus-Node Abnormalities Due to Lithium Carbonate Therapy
Authors: John R. Wilson, Edward S. Kraus, Maria M. Bailas, Louis Rakita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The use of lithium carbonate in man has historically been associated with three types of cardiovascular side effects: T-wave changes in the electrocardiogram,1 , 2 ventricular arrhythmias3 , 4 and myocarditis.4 , 5 Recently, Wellens et al. showed that chronic lithium therapy also can cause reversible symptomatic sinus-node abnormalities.6 A similar phenomenon was observed in the following patient.Case ReportA 64-year-old secretary was admitted to Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital in August, 1975, for evaluation of sinus bradycardia. Since 1968, she had been on lithium carbonate therapy for a manic-depressive psychosis.One month before admission, she began to have difficulty keeping her balance while ascending and . . .
Fortnightly review: Gallbladder disease
Authors: M. C Bateson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Gall stones are very common and their prevalence increases appreciably with age; it is also determined by sex, body weight, and race. Fortunately, most gall stones do not cause severe symptoms such as colic and jaundice. They are best detected by ultrasonography, although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance scanning may be required for duct stones.


Troublesome gall stones are generally treated by cholecystectomy, and two thirds of these procedures are carried out by laparoscopy. Duct stones may be treated with endoscopic retrograde pancreatography, sphincterotomy, and extraction, or by open choledochotomy. Dissolution with ursodeoxycholic acid may be a useful reserve treatment for some patients. Persistent symptoms after surgery are common and are sometimes difficult to treat. 


Summary points


Operations to remove gall stones have become more common, probably because indications for these have changed


70% of stones in the gall bladder do not cause symptoms


Cholecystectomy relieves pain, but 50% of patients still have digestive symptoms afterwards


Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has not reduced overall morbidity, mortality, or the cost of surgery because operations are now carried out in people who are older and less fit
Introduction of the Discussion on Different Models of Mind/Body Unity
Authors: Chase P. Kimball
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

Much of the intellectual history of man has been directed toward the concept of mind and its relationship to body. As increasingly sophisticated scientific methods have been developed to explore this relationship, with especial reference to pathological states, the intricacies of this have become more complex. These are incisively presented in the following papers. Among the problems identified is the one of attempting to relate two disparate conceptual frameworks of reference dealing with the same phenomena with one another. Perhaps the most significant recent development in our thinking about mind/body relationship has been that of replacing 19th century linear models of causality by cyclical and feed-back models, extrapolated from physiological concepts developed over the past 50 years.
Calcium-dependent transmitter secretion from fibroblasts: Modulation by synaptotagmin I
Authors: Takako Morimoto, Sergey Popov, Kathleen M. Buckley, Mu-ming Poo
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Following endocytic uptake of acetylcholine (ACh), CHO fibroblasts exhibit Ca(2+)-dependent spontaneous quantal ACh release and depolarization-evoked ACh release, as detected by a whole-cell voltage-clamped myocyte in contact with the fibroblast. CHO fibroblasts transfected with synaptotagmin I, an integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles, showed a reduced spontaneous quantal ACh release and an enhanced Ca(2+)-evoked ACh release, as compared with control cells. Biochemical and ultrastructural studies of endocytic activity using horseradish peroxidase as a marker further confirmed the inhibitory action of synaptotagmin I on spontaneous vesicular exocytosis and on elevated exocytosis induced by Ca2+. Through inhibition of exocytosis at the resting intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and removal of the inhibition upon depolarization-induced Ca2+ entry, synaptotagmin I could enhance the efficiency of excitation-secretion coupling.
AZT treatment induces molecular and ultrastructural oxidative damage to muscle mitochondria. Prevention by antioxidant vitamins.
Authors: J G de la Asunción, M L del Olmo, J Sastre, A Millán, A Pellín, F V Pallardó, J Viña
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

AIDS patients who receive zidovudine (AZT) frequently suffer from myopathy. This has been attributed to mitochondrial (mt) damage, and specifically to the loss of mtDNA. This study examines whether AZT causes oxidative damage to DNA in patients and to skeletal muscle mitochondria in mice, and whether this damage may be prevented by supranutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins. Asymptomatic HIV-infected patients treated with AZT have a higher urinary excretion (355+/-100 pmol/kg/d) of 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) (a marker of oxidative damage to DNA) than untreated controls (asymptomatic HIV-infected patients) (182+/-29 pmol/kg/d). This was prevented (110+/-79 pmol/kg/d) by simultaneous oral treatment with AZT plus antioxidant vitamins (C and E). Mice treated with AZT also had a significantly higher urinary excretion of 8-oxo-dG than controls. Skeletal muscle mtDNA of mice treated with AZT had more 8-oxo-dG than controls. mt lipoperoxidation was also increased and skeletal muscle glutathione was oxidized. These effects may be due to an increased peroxide production by muscle mitochondria of AZT-treated animals. Dietary supplements with vitamins C and E at supranutritional doses protect against oxidative damage to skeletal muscle mitochondria caused by AZT.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Jung
Authors: Henni Ruokolainen, Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

In Response: We thank Dr. Jung for the special interest in our work regarding the tissue and serum levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) as prognostic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ([1][1]).

We have shown in our study that high preoperative serum TIMP-1
John Hugh Kelsey
Authors: I. Luke
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> National Health Accounts are a significant source of health expenditure data, designed to be comprehensive and comparable across countries. However, there is currently no single repository of this data and even when compiled major gaps persist. This research aims to provide policymakers and researchers with a single repository of available national health expenditures by healthcare functions (ie, services) and providers of such services. Leveraging these data within statistical methods, a complete set of detailed health expenditures is estimated. <h3>Methods</h3> A methodical compilation and synthesis of all available national health expenditure reports including disaggregation by healthcare functions and providers was conducted. Using these data, a Bayesian multivariate regression analysis was implemented to estimate national-level health expenditures by the cross-classification of functions and providers for 195 countries, from 2000 to 2017. <h3>Results</h3> This research used 1662 country-years and 110 070 data points of health expenditures from existing National Health Accounts. The most detailed country-year had 52% of the categories of interest reported. Of all health functions, curative care and medical goods were estimated to make up 51.4% (uncertainty interval (UI) 33.2% to 59.4%) and 17.5% (UI 13.0% to 26.9%) of total global health expenditures in 2017, respectively. Three-quarters of the global health expenditures are allocated to three categories of providers: hospital providers (35.4%, UI 30.3% to 38.9%), providers of ambulatory care (25.5%, UI 21.1% to 28.8%) and retailers of medical goods (14.4%, UI 12.4% to 16.3%). As gross domestic product increases, countries spend more on long-term care and less on preventive care. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Disaggregated estimates of health expenditures are often unavailable and unable to provide policymakers and researchers a holistic understanding of how expenditures are used. This research aggregates reported data and provides a complete time-series of estimates, with uncertainty, of health expenditures by health functions and providers between 2000 and 2017 for 195 countries.
Quality of Life of Women With Recurrent Breast Cancer and Their Family Members
Authors: Laurel L. Northouse, Darlene Mood, Trace Kershaw, Ann Schafenacker, Suzanne Mellon, Julie Walker, Elizabeth Galvin, Veronica Decker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Little information is available about the effects of recurrent breast cancer on the quality of life of women and their family members. The present study assessed patients’ and family members’ quality of life within 1 month after recurrence, and effects of multiple factors on quality-of-life scores. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient/family member dyads (N = 189) participated in this study. A stress-appraisal model guided selection of person factors, social/family factors, illness-related factors, appraisal factors, and quality of life, measured with psychometrically sound instruments. Quality of life was measured with both generic (Medical Outcomes Study SF-36) and cancer-specific (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy) scales. RESULTS: Patients reported significant impairments in physical, functional, and emotional well-being. Family members reported significant impairments in their own emotional well-being. Structural equation modeling revealed that self-efficacy, social support, and family hardiness had positive effects on quality of life, whereas symptom distress, concerns, hopelessness, and negative appraisal of illness or caregiving had detrimental effects. Study variables accounted for a sizable amount of variance in patients’ and family members’ physical and mental dimensions of quality of life (72% to 81%). Contrary to findings observed in studies of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients and spouses, little relationship was found between recurrent patients’ and family members’ quality of life. CONCLUSION: Women with recurrent breast cancer are in need of programs to assist them with the severe effects of the disease on their quality of life. Programs need to include family members to help counteract the negative effects of the recurrent disease on their mental health, and to enable them to continue as effective caregivers.
THE MEASUREMENT OF FFR SHOULD BE INDICATED NOT ONLY FOR EQUIVOCAL STENOSIS, BUT ALSO FOR SIGNIFICANT AND NON-SIGNIFICANT STENOSIS
Authors: Hiroyuki Shibata, Kijima Yoichi, Masano Tomoya, Nagoshi Ryoji, Kozuki Amane, Imamura Kimitake, Tsukiyama Yoshiro, Yanaka Kenichi, Nakano Shinsuke, Shite Jyunya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The systemic influence of recombinant interleukin 2 on the manifestations of lepromatous leprosy.
Authors: G Kaplan, W J Britton, G E Hancock, W J Theuvenet, K A Smith, C K Job, P W Roche, A Molloy, R Burkhardt, J Barker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

14 patients with lepromatous leprosy received twice daily injections of 10 micrograms recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), by the intradermal route, in the skin of the back for 8 d (total dose, 160 micrograms). Lymphokine administration was accomplished without drug toxicity, or the development of acute nerve damage. The majority of patients developed nontender axillary lymphadenopathy during the course of treatment. Local injection sites showed progressively larger zones of induration, peaking at 24 h and persisting for many days. Early 12-h reactions were of a macular, erythematous nature and exhibited an increasingly striking diurnal variation. The morning injection sites were three- to fourfold larger in diameter than those placed in the evening (9 am to 9 pm). Systemic manifestations of intradermal rIL-2 administration were noted. Peripheral blood T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ phenotypes, increased 2-2.5-fold and NK cells increased sixfold. Elevations in [3H]TdR incorporation into peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurred to a variety of mycobacterial antigens, but not to those of Mycobacterium leprae. Within 2 wk, biopsies at sites far removed from the back showed increased infiltration of mononuclear cells in 12 of 14 patients. Immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of newly emigrated CD4+ T cells, monocytes, and dermal CD1+ Langerhans cells. Endothelial cells of small dermal vessels expressed major histocompatibility complex class II determinants on their surface. Transmission electron microscopy of these specimens revealed markedly enlarged endothelial cells with many surface projections extending into the lumen as well as extravasating lymphoid cells. The numbers of acid-fast M. leprae in the peripheral sites were examined by slit smear and in biopsies of matched leprosy lesions taken before and after IL-2 administration. Within 2 mo, slit smears showed a 0.5 log or greater reduction in 12 of 14 patients, with a mean for all patients tested of 0.5 log units. Biopsy specimens showed a 1 log unit or greater reduction in the bacterial index (B.I.) in 6 of 14 patients. Historical controls in this Nepalese population showed a 0.5 log unit reduction after multidrug therapy over a period of 12 mo. Thus, after 8 d of IL-2 injections, a fivefold reduction in B.I. was observed during the first 2 mo of the study. Antibody levels against M. leprae phenolic glycolipid 1 (PGL-1) and lipoarabinomanan B were markedly elevated after IL-2 injections, while PGL-1 antigen levels were reduced. We conclude that the administration of rIL-2 has had a significant effect in decreasing the total body burden of M. leprae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Estrogens stimulate serotonin neurons to inhibit binge-like eating in mice
Authors: Xuehong Cao, Pingwen Xu, Mario G. Oyola, Yan Xia, Xiaofeng Yan, Kenji Saito, Fang Zou, Chunmei Wang, Yongjie Yang, Antentor Hinton, Chunling Yan, Hongfang Ding, Liangru Zhu, Likai Yu, Bin Yang, Yuxin Feng, Deborah J. Clegg, Sohaib Khan, Richard DiMarchi, Shaila K. Mani, Qingchun Tong, Yong Xu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Binge eating afflicts approximately 5% of US adults, though effective treatments are limited. Here, we showed that estrogen replacement substantially suppresses binge-like eating behavior in ovariectomized female mice. Estrogen-dependent inhibition of binge-like eating was blocked in female mice specifically lacking estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN). Administration of a recently developed glucagon-like peptide-1-estrogen (GLP-1-estrogen) conjugate designed to deliver estrogen to GLP1 receptor-enhanced regions effectively targeted bioactive estrogens to the DRN and substantially suppressed binge-like eating in ovariectomized female mice. Administration of GLP-1 alone reduced binge-like eating, but not to the same extent as the GLP-1-estrogen conjugate. Administration of ERα-selective agonist propylpyrazole triol (PPT) to murine DRN 5-HT neurons activated these neurons in an ERα-dependent manner. PPT also inhibited a small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) current; blockade of the SK current prevented PPT-induced activation of DRN 5-HT neurons. Furthermore, local inhibition of the SK current in the DRN markedly suppressed binge-like eating in female mice. Together, our data indicate that estrogens act upon ERα to inhibit the SK current in DRN 5-HT neurons, thereby activating these neurons to suppress binge-like eating behavior and suggest ERα and/or SK current in DRN 5-HT neurons as potential targets for anti-binge therapies.
Left Ventricular Myocardium Metastasis in a Patient With Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Niveditha Pinnamaneni, Ashok Muthukrishnan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Cardiac metastases from renal cell carcinoma are rare but should be recognized when present. We report PET/CT findings in a patient with headache and diplopia and cerebral metastasis from an unknown primary of clear cell adenocarcinoma origin. PET/CT revealed uptake with a left renal cell carcinoma, and revealed multiple metastatic lesions, including an FDG-avid metastasis within the left ventricular myocardium.
Kathleen May Corbett
Authors: M. Lyons
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former senior medical officer Belfast health department (b Portadown 1912; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1940; BSc, MD), d 15 September 2002.

Kathleen filled a wide variety of hospital posts in wartime Belfast and Liverpool. Subsequently she specialised in paediatrics and provided skilled care for more than 20 years in the school health service. Promotion enabled her to introduce developmental paediatrics, encourage co-operation between public health and general practice staff, and oversee the introduction of a directly funded family planning service in 1969. She was president of the Ulster Paediatric Society and the local branch of the Medical Women's Federation. She leaves a sister.
Intracranial Pressure and its Monitoring in Childhood: A Review
Authors: R W Newton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

Failure to measure intracranial pressure (ICP) in the childhood encephalopathies has been likened to treating heart failure without measuring the blood pressure. Raised ICP adds considerably to the morbidity and mortality of cerebral disease, yet its routine measurement remains controversial. This paper reviews the causes, measurement and management of ICP and outlines the indications for monitoring.
Targeting the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma one in the treatment of breast cancer.
Authors: MW Kilgore, YY Zaytseva, X Wang, RC Southard
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3055 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 1 (PPARγ1) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and is over expressed in breast cancer compared to human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Although synthetic ligands of PPARγ have been reported to mediate differentiation, inhibit proliferation, and induce apoptosis of cancer cells in culture it remains unclear whether these are mediated through PPARγ or by off target effects. Furthermore, the controversial nature of these studies and the disappointing results from clinical trials raise questions about the efficacy of these drugs in treating breast cancer. Recent work from our lab and others suggests that targeting the expression or endogenous transactivation of PPARγ represents a novel strategy in the treatment of breast cancer. We have previously demonstrated that the increase in PPARγ1 expression in seen in breast cancer cells is driven by a tumor-specific promoter. Furthermore, we have identified the myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) as a critical mediator of PPARγ1 expression in these cells. In this study, we further demonstrated the significance of MAZ in the transcriptional regulation of PPARγ1 and confirmed that high expression of PPARγ1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells is MAZ dependent. Additionally, using RNA interference (RNAi) techniques to knockdown PPARγ1 or MAZ or driving the expression of a dominant negative form of PPARγ1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that blocking the expression of either protein resulted in reduced cellular proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. These findings suggest that in the absence of any exogenous ligand an increase in PPARγ1 signaling, driven at least in part by MAZ, contributes to an imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis, and may be an important mediator or of breast cancer progression. These results also highlight the need to understand the molecular mechanisms that drives tumor specific expression of PPARγ1 and development pure antagonist as a therapeutic treatment of this devastating disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3055.
Both a monoclonal antibody and antisera specific for determinants unique to individual cloned helper T cell lines can substitute for antigen and antigen-presenting cells in the activation of T cells.
Authors: J Kaye, S Porcelli, J Tite, B Jones, C A Janeway
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Two antisera and a monoclonal antibody raised in BALB.K mice against cloned, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted, antigen-specific helper T cell lines are described. These antibodies are specific for individual cloned T cell lines and are potent inducers of T cell proliferation. The induction of T cell proliferation by these antibodies requires the presence of an adherent accessory cell. There is no H-2 restriction between this accessory cell and the cloned T cell, nor is this antibody-induced proliferation blocked by a monoclonal anti-Fc receptor antibody. The requirement for an accessory cell, however, is eliminated in the presence of an IL-1- or IL-2-rich supernatant. Thus this system allows the analysis of helper T cell activation with only a single cell type present. Anti-T cell sera also induce T cell-dependent B cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion. The induction of T cell-dependent B cell activation by these sera does not require H-2-matched T cells and B cells. The specificity of these antibodies and their ability to stimulate cloned helper T cells in the absence of antigen and antigen-presenting cells strongly suggest that these antibodies are directed against antigen and/or Ia recognition sites on the T cell.
Usefulness of Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound to Predict Distal Embolization for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ren Kawaguchi, Shigeru Oshima, Masaaki Jingu, Hideki Tsurugaya, Takuji Toyama, Hiroshi Hoshizaki, Koichi Taniguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)