tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5444: <i>In vitro</i> modeling for breast cancer prevention - omega-3 ethyl esters functioning as preventive agents in 21T series models
Authors: Ching Hui Chen, Carol Fabian, Stephen Hursting, Linda deGraffenried
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Over the past few decades, multiple trials have warranted the benefits of using prevention as an effective strategy for lowering breast cancer incidence. The Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) and Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) conducted by National Cancer Institute demonstrated the effectiveness of tamoxifen and raloxifene as preventive agents in reducing diagnoses of invasive breast cancer. Another prevention study the VITAL cohort study demonstrated that omega-3 supplementation reduces breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women. In vivo studies have produced results that demonstrated a delay in onset of breast cancer in transgenic mice model. However, current in vitro effort did not have a system that closely resembles the linear progression of breast cancer and therefore stalls the molecular investigation of breast cancer prevention. Majority of in vitro preventive studies have been conducted using cancer cell lines that do not represent precancerous status of mammary tissues and do not mirror the observation of delayed onset or reduced incidence in in vivo and clinical trials. A recent report has suggested the use of a new series of mammary cells that represent hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma in nude mice. In this study we propose the use of 21T series breast cancer cells as a model for breast cancer prevention study using omega-3 ethyl esters. Preliminary data using this model has shown that omega-3 ethyl esters derived from Omacor® reduce proliferation only in 21NT (DCIS) and 21MT-1 (Invasive Carcinoma) and not in 21PT cells (hyperplasic). Suppression of proliferation is most optimal in the presence of estrogen. Survival of cells is inhibited in all cell lines and Ki67 index is reduced in the presence of treatments. Targets of omega-3 ethyl esters may include Akt, ER and NF-kB. Current studies are conducted to investigate the effect of omega-3 ethyl esters on these targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5444. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5444
Inquiry into high mortality of GPs' patients finds no wrongdoing
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An investigation into five GPs whose patients showed a high mortality has found no evidence of negligence or malpractice.

The review was carried out after the Shipman inquiry was notified of 12 GPs whose patients had an excessively high mortality. The inquiry recommended that the practices be investigated. An inquiry into two of them in the West Midlands, completed last year, had also found no evidence of wrongdoing ( BMJ 2004;328: 1474).

The latest investigation found that the large number of nursing home patients on the GPs' lists was likely to have been …
Reduction of coronary blood flow during coronary artery spasm occurring spontaneously and after provocation by ergonovine maleate.
Authors: D R Ricci, A E Orlick, P W Doherty, P R Cipriano, D C Harrison
Journal: Circulation (1978)

A 50-year-old man suffering from recurrent chest pain accompanied by transient ST-segment elevation developed spasm of the left anterior descending coronary artery after receiving ergonovine maleate. During spontaneous chest pain, thermodilution coronary sinus blood flow fell from 96 ml/min to 46 ml/min, while the coronary sinsu arteriovenous oxygen difference widened from 9.82 volumes percent to 11.3 volumes percent. During spontaneous relief of pain, coincident with resolution of the ST-segment changes, coronary sinus blood flow gradually rose to 135 ml/min, while coronary sinus arteriovenous oxygen difference narrowed to 6.82 volumes percent. Similar aterations in coronoary sinus blood flow accompanied chest pain provoked by ergonovine maleate. A thallium-201 scan confirmed a perfusion defect in the distribution the left anterior descending coronary artery. Thus, coronary artery spasm can produce a marked deficity in coronary blood flow that is associated with increased myocardial oxygen extraction; release of spasm creates a hyperemic response.
V. THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON OCULAR FUNCTIONS
Authors: WILLIAM H. WILMER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The examination of the aviators for the Air Service of the United States is much more strict than that of any other nation.In spite of the careful examination that eliminates men with manifestly imperfect eyes, fliers sometimes exhibit marked derangement of the ocular functions under the stress of flying and the con- ditions connected with it.In all articles pertaining to the selection of aviators, from the Allies or from alien countries, normal vision is considered to be the chief requisite.Surgeon H. Fig. î.-Effect of lack of oxygen on visual acuity, showing decrease during test on rebreathing apparatus.Graeme Anderson of the Royal Naval Service and adviser to the British Air Medical Service, in a discus- sion of the physical qualifications of fliers, says, "Prac- tically every one of the physicians and officers taking part in the discussion agreed that the function of vision was of the greatest importance."With this in mind, visual acuity under oxygen depletion, as compared with the behavior of this function under normal oxygen supply, has been studied with the aid of the Ives visual acuity test object, Snellen's type and Johnson's apparatus.It was soon found that Snellen's type and similar test objects were unsatisfactory for use with the rebreathing apparatus and that the observations thus made were inconclusive.The accompanying tabulation .gives the results of visual tests made on thirty-three subjects on the rebreathing apparatus and in the low- pressure chamber, with the aid of the Ives instrument.From the Medical Research Laboratory, A[ill]Service, Mineola, L. I.The subjects are classified as normal and subnormal, that is, those who, so far as the eyes are concerned, would pass the examination for the flying corps and those who would be ocularly disqualified.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Osteomalacia
Authors: N. C. Thalassinos, S. Wicht, G. F. Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Twenty-one patients with histologically proved osteomalacia from various causes were investigated for biochemical and radiological evidence of osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Among the 15 who maintained a normal serum calcium, seven had a raised phosphate excretion index, seven had a raised serum alkaline phosphatase, and six had phalangeal erosions. On the other hand, six patients had a subnormal serum calcium; of these, none showed a raised phosphate excretion index, one had a raised serum alkaline phosphatase, and one had erosions. The phosphate excretion index and the alkaline phosphatase were strongly correlated (r = +0.84). It is concluded that this absence of manifest secondary hyperparathyroidism in some patients with osteomalacia is due to failure of an increase in the release of parathyroid hormone. Measurement of phosphaturia does not appear to be a useful means of detecting osteomalacia. Subsequently, the 24-hour (stable) strontium space measurement was found to be the most sensitive single biochemical screening test for osteomalacia.
Effects of ioglycamide on the hepatic transport of bilirubin and its mono- and diconjugates in the rat
Authors: Vital A. Mesa, Johan Fevery, Karel P.M. Heirwegh, Jan De Groote
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Bilirubin seems to share the biliary excretion pathway with other organic anions, but not with bile acids. We studied the effects of the organic anion ioglycamide, an iodinated contrast agent, on bilirubin metabolism in Wistar rats. This compound does not undergo conjugation and is characterized by a maximal biliary secretory rate (Tm). The results show that in spite of producing a 3-fold increase in bile flow, ioglycamide excretion under Tm conditions decreased the output of unconjugated bilirubin and its monoconjugate by approximately 90%. Diconjugated bilirubin decreased by only 50% and became by far the predominant pigment in bile (86.5 +/- 6.0% of total pigment vs. 61.0 +/- 4.0% in basal conditions, n = 12). Unconjugated and monoconjugated bilirubins changed in parallel suggesting that the former arises from the monoconjugates. In serum, diconjugated bilirubin augmented from trace amounts to 1.15 +/- 0.17 mumole per liter. Total conjugated pigments in serum increased from 5 to 85% of total bilirubin. Bile acid output remained unchanged. Pretreatment of rats with ioglycamide altered neither the activity of bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase nor the ratio of diconjugate to monoconjugate formed at both low (25 microM) and high (164 microM) bilirubin concentrations. The observed biological effects of ioglycamide were dose-dependent and fully reversible. We suggest that ioglycamide interferes with the excretion of conjugated bilirubins ("bilirubinostasis"). The monoconjugates retained in the hepatocyte might then undergo more efficient transformation to diconjugates, the latter thus becoming the most important bile pigments in serum and bile.
Resistance to Antibiotics By Gonococci
Authors: Thomas J. Vecchio
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Referring to the LETTERS of Lancaster and Roberts (<b>217</b>:1106, 1971), it should be remembered that high-dose antibiotic treatment of patients with known gonorrhea will not in itself alter the development of resistance to the antibiotic by the gonococcus. The real problem comes in the treatment of unknown asymptomatic women carriers with low doses of antibiotics for other infections. It is in these women that the gonococcus has the opportunity to develop resistance to the antibiotic administered. One solution to this quandary is the routine culturing for the gonococcus of all women about to undergo antibiotic treatment of any infection, which is less than practical. An alternative is to reserve an antibiotic exclusively for the treatment of gonorrhea and not use it in the treatment of other infections.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Liquid and Freeze-dried Strains of B.C.G. Vaccine in Preventing Tuberculosis
Authors: V. H. Springett, I. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Analysis of the tuberculosis notifications and the statistics of B.C.G. vaccinations among 13-year-old schoolchildren in Birmingham, England, between 1953 and 1969 shows that the Copenhagen strain of B.C.G. (liquid batches issued 1953-61) and the Glaxo Laboratories strain (freeze-dried batches issued 1962-68) were of similar high efficacy in the prevention of tuberculosis. The method of analysis could be used for the surveillance of the protective efficacy of B.C.G. vaccine in other population groups where it is used routinely but not universally.
Haemodynamic effects of intracoronary neuropeptide Y in dogs: resistance to adrenergic blockade
Authors: R. K Stack, R. E Patterson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Neuropeptide Y is a peptide isolated from brain and neural tissue around human coronary arteries. It has been shown to produce coronary vasoconstriction and myocardial ischaemia. The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether the vasoconstriction induced by neuropeptide Y was mediated by alpha adrenergic receptors in vivo, and (b) to determine the time course of the effect and whether it was reproducible with a second administration.Neuropeptide Y (200 micrograms over 2 min) was given by intracoronary injection on two occasions 1 h apart to group I dogs (control). In group II the second dose was preceded by treatment with the alpha blocker phenoxybenzamine (4-10 mg.kg-1). The time course and magnitude of the effect was studied in the two groups to determine the effects of alpha blockade and of repeated neuropeptide Y dosage.14 mongrel dogs (n = 7 per group) were anaesthetised with chloralose for a left thoracotomy to measure coronary blood flow, aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure, and heart rate.Reproducible prolonged increases in coronary vascular resistance occurred after the first [33(SD 18)%] and second [34(17)%] doses of neuropeptide Y. At this infusion rate mean aortic pressure increased with each dose by 21% and coronary blood flow decreased by 7%. In group II dogs, phenoxybenzamine given intravenously 20 min after the first dose of neuropeptide Y reduced mean aortic pressure by 15-20 mm Hg. In this group neuropeptide Y also caused reproducible increases in coronary vascular resistance before (36%) and after (46%) alpha blockade.Neuropeptide Y constricts coronary arteries in vivo by mechanisms that do not require intact alpha adrenergic receptors, and the coronary vasoconstriction was prolonged and reproducible.
Psychological support for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: a randomised study
Authors: J. M C McArdle, W D. George, C. S McArdle, D. C Smith, A. R Moodie, A V M. Hughson, G. D Murray
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the effect of support from a nurse specialising in breast care and a voluntary support organisation on prevalence of psychological morbidity after surgery for breast cancer. <b>Design</b>: Prospective randomised study. <b>Setting</b>: Three teaching hospitals in Glasgow with established breast clinics. <b>Subjects</b>: 272 women aged less than 70 years undergoing surgery for breast cancer. <b>Interventions</b>: Patients were randomly allocated to receive routine care from ward staff, routine care plus support from breast care nurse, routine care plus support from voluntary organisation, or routine care plus support from nurse and organisation. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Prevalence of psychological morbidity as assessed by self rating scales: 28 item general health questionnaire and its subscales, and hospital anxiety and depression scale. Measurements were made at first postoperative clinic visit and at three, six, and 12 months after surgery. <b>Results</b>: On each self rating scale, psychological morbidity tended to fall over the 12 month period. For each scale, scores were consistently lower in patients offered support from breast care nurse alone compared with the other groups, which were similar to each other. Differences were significant or nearly so: P values were 0.015 (28 item general health questionnaire), 0.027 (anxiety and insomnia), 0.072 (severe depression), 0.053 (somatic symptoms), 0.031 (social dysfunction), 0.093 (hospital anxiety), and 0.003 (hospital depression). <b>Conclusion</b>: Support from breast care nurse can significantly reduce psychological morbidity, as measured by self rating scales, in women undergoing breast cancer surgery. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages The value of different forms of psychological support for breast cancer patients is uncertain We compared effect of four different types of support for patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer: routine care from ward staff, routine care plus support from specialist breast care nurse, routine care plus support from voluntary organisation, or routine care plus support from nurse and organisation Scores of psychological morbidity were consistently lower in patients offered support from breast care nurse alone compared with the other groups, which were similar to each other Psychological support from an experienced breast care nurse can reduce psychological morbidity in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer
Noninvasive bioengineering assessment of the skin barrier function in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
Authors: I. Angelova-Fischer, D. Wuthe, D. Zillikens, B. Kahle
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) comprises all symptoms caused by permanent venous and capillary hypertension. While the clinical manifestations of the disease have been well characterized, there is little knowledge on the skin barrier function in the affected patients.The aim of the study was to assess noninvasively the barrier function in patients with CVI stage C2 and stage C4 according to the CEAP classification in comparison with healthy controls (stage C0).Thirty patients with CVI without concomitant diseases and 15 healthy, aged-matched controls were recruited for the study. The skin barrier function was assessed by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL), capacitance and skin colour symmetrically on the calf, medial and lateral malleolus, posterior arch (arcus venosus) and volar forearm.Compared with the forearm, there was a tendency for increased TEWL and significant reduction of capacitance on all measurement sites on the lower limb. Compared with the control group, the patients with CVI had significantly higher TEWL values on all measurement sites on the lower extremities while no difference in capacitance between patients and controls was observed.Changes in the epidermal barrier function in patients with CVI are readily detectable by bioengineering methods as early as stage C2 and are manifested by significantly increased TEWL. Our results suggest that the reduced stratum corneum hydration in patients with CVI is due to anatomical differences rather than venous disease. These findings may help better understand the factors contributing to disease progression and its complications.
Benign Atrial Fibrillation of Forty Years' Duration with Sudden Death from Emotion
Authors: SAMUEL A. LEVINE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

Case Studies1 April 1963Benign Atrial Fibrillation of Forty Years' Duration with Sudden Death from EmotionSAMUEL A. LEVINE, M.D.SAMUEL A. LEVINE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-681 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough atrial fibrillation is generally associated with organic heart disease, it can also occur without any evidence of structural or functional alterations in the heart (1). It then can be paroxysmal and transient, or even permanent in nature. When this arrhythmia is detected it is important to search carefully for rheumatic valve disease, especially mitral stenosis, hypertensive heart disease, coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease, and other forms of myocardial disease. If the patient has no murmurs, no hypertension, no cardiac enlargement or abnormal configuration of the heart on X-ray examination, no abnormalities in the electrocardiograms, no symptoms of coronary...References1. PHILLIPSLEVINE ESA: Auricular fibrillation without other evidence of heart disease. Amer. J. Med. 7: 478, 1949. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. LEVINEBEESON SAPB: The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia. Amer. Heart. J. 22: 401, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SAMUEL A. LEVINE, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, MassachusettsRequests for reprints should be addressed to Samuel A. Levine, M.D., 1180 Beacon Street, Brookline 46, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDiagnosis and Characteristics of Lone Atrial FibrillationAnticoagulation in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, or BothDeath by Fright a Question of CausationEchocardiography in Lone Atrial FibrillationPsychological aspects of cardiac arrhythmiaVentricular electrical instability in the conscious dogSudden and Rapid Death During Psychological Stress Folklore or Folk Wisdom?GEORGE L. ENGELSudden Death and the ‘Medical Model’ in PsychiatryEmotional and sensory stress factors in myocardial pathologyHemodynamic effects of supraventricular arrhythmias 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 681-684KeywordsAtrial fibrillationCardiovascular therapyCongenital heart diseaseCoronary heart diseaseElectrocardiographyEmotionsHeartHypertensionMitral stenosisStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Anti-CD38 antibody–mediated clearance of human repopulating cells masks the heterogeneity of leukemia-initiating cells
Authors: David C. Taussig, Farideh Miraki-Moud, Fernando Anjos-Afonso, Daniel J. Pearce, Kirsty Allen, Christopher Ridler, Debra Lillington, Heather Oakervee, Jamie Cavenagh, Samir G. Agrawal, T. Andrew Lister, John G. Gribben, Dominique Bonnet
Journal: Blood (2008)
THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYPHILOMA OF KIDNEYS.
Authors: R. R. CAMPBELL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

It will not be possible to consider all the syphilitic diseases of the kidney in the few minutes allotted to this subject. There can be no question that syphilis as an etiologic factor must be seriously taken into the consideration of the inflammatory kidney diseases. That syphilitic nephritis exists, however, is doubted by some of the best authorities, it being classed with nephritis, and syphilis is considered only as an etiologic factor. I do not wish to insist that a syphilitic treatment should be instituted in such cases; in fact, authorities differ; some advise strongly against the use of mercury in these conditions. It certainly seems, however, that if it be a syphilitic process it should be treated as such. Neither do I wish to discuss whether or not amyloid kidneys are based on syphilis as an etiologic factor. Virchow, in 1858, first, reviewed the subject of syphilitic changes in
Focus on Medical Malpractice — Some Alternative Plans for Compensation
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

A GREAT deal of national attention is currently being given the problem of insurance and compensation for medical malpractice. The first thrust of the national effort came with the Report on Malpractice by Senator Abraham Ribicoff's Subcommittee on Executive Reorganization1 published in 1969 and reviewed in an earlier column. Next came the National Conference on Medical Malpractice held in Chicago in 1970.In response to the President's Health Message of last year, a Commission on Medical Malpractice has been established under the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. It is composed of representatives of the health professions, the consuming public, . . .
What is Competency to Stand Trial?
Authors: BARRY A. BUKATMAN, JAMES L. FOY, EDWARD DEGRAZIA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

Problems involved in determining a defendant's competency to stand trial are often an outgrowth of confused evaluations. A possible remedy exists in setting up evaluation criteria relevant to the legal situation and to the definition of competency. These should focus on information about the defendant's understanding of his predicament, the defendant's future behavior, and the client-lawyer relationship. The authors conclude that an adequate competency examination focuses on defendant and lawyer together.
Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction — Is It Worth the Wait?
Authors: Alice K. Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Nearly two decades after clinical trials established that fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction preserves left ventricular function and reduces mortality, there is evidence that mechanical reperfusion therapy is superior in reducing the rates of death, reinfarction, intracranial bleeding, reocclusion of the infarct-related artery, and recurrent ischemia. Initially introduced as an alternative to fibrinolytic therapy (to circumvent contraindications to its use and the risk of intracranial bleeding), primary percutaneous coronary intervention is now increasingly recognized as the reperfusion therapy of choice. The ability to restore robust coronary flow promptly in more than 90 percent of patients and the nearly linear . . .