tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidental Finding of Prostate Cancer and Adenomatous Colon Polyp in a Patient With Lung Cancer
Authors: José L. Cavalcanti, Rodolfo F. Núñez, Henry W. Yeung, Reza J. Mehran, Homer A. Macapinlac
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 60-year old man presented to our institution for the management of a newly diagnosed, well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right lung, which had been discovered during the work-up for a transient ischemic attack at another institution. The first diagnostic imaging test the patient underwent was a F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan ordered by a surgeon at our institution. The PET/CT image revealed that the adenocarcinoma was a localized tumor, with no evidence of metastasis. However, it also showed intense FDG uptake in the prostate gland and transverse colon, which a biopsy proved to be a prostatic adenocarcinoma and a villotubular adenoma with high-grade dysplasia in a colonic polyp, respectively. Neither had been suspected before the scan was ordered. As illustrated in this case, PET/CT can lead to early detection of unknown malignant lesions that may potentially improve a patient's outcome. It provides unique insights into the molecular pathways of diseases and the biological behavior of tumors that, combined with anatomic information, have an important role in today's oncology.
Streptococcal pharyngitis in children. A comparison of four treatment schedules with intramuscular penicillin G benzathine
Authors: J. W. Bass
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Four hundred children with streptococcal pharyngitis were treated randomly with single injections in groups of 100 each (1) with 600,000 units of penicillin G benzathine, (2) 1.2 million units of penicillin G benzathine, (3) 600,000 units of penicillin G benzathine and 600,000 units of penicillin G procaine, or (4) 900,000 units of penicillin G benzathine and 300,000 units of penicillin G procaine. Clinical response and severity of local reaction were judged in a double-blind manner at 24, 48, and 72 hours; throat cultures were taken then, and at 10, 21, and 42 days. Although the clinical response to 900,000 units of penicillin G benzathine and 300,000 units of penicillin G procaine was equal to 1.2 million units of penicillin G benzathine, the former cleared the streptococci more quickly, greatly reduced the incidence and severity of local reactions, and offered optimal therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis in the pediatric age group.
Priming of alveolar macrophages for interleukin-8 production in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: H Nakamura, S Fujishima, Y Waki, T Urano, K Sayama, F Sakamaki, T Terashima, K Soejima, S Tasaka, A Ishizaka
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We evaluated the contribution of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by studying bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in eight patients with IPF in the chronically progressive phase, five patients with IPF in the subacutely progressive phase, eight patients with sarcoidosis (SAR), and eight control (CTL) subjects. IL-8 levels were not increased in the BALF of the patients with IPF in the chronic phase (11.3 +/- 8.8 pg/ml), nor in that of the SAR patients (13.8 +/- 7.8 pg/ml), whereas they were increased in the BALF of patients with IPF in the subacutely progressive phase (1.93 +/- 1.10 ng/ml). We then investigated extracellular and cell-associated IL-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BALF cells to determine the IL-8-producing potential of alveolar macrophages (AM). Following LPS stimulation of BALF cells from patients with IPF in the chronic phase, both the extracellular IL-8 in culture fluid and the cell-associated IL-8 in AM were increased as compared with those for the CTL subjects (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that AM of patients with IPF are primed for IL-8 production. We conclude that IL-8 may play a role in neutrophilic alveolitis, especially during the subacute phase of IPF.
Immunoglobulins and Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Pediatric HIV Infection
Authors: Steven E. Lipshultz, E. John Orav, Stephen P. Sanders, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Progressive left ventricular (LV) dilation is common in children infected with HIV-1 and may be a harbinger of congestive heart failure (CHF). In many HIV-infected children, dilation is associated with inadequate LV hypertrophy, elevated afterload, and reduced LV function. Because CHF has been observed empirically to improve after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in other conditions and because LV dysfunction in pediatric HIV may be immunologically mediated, we examined retrospectively the relation between immunoglobulins and LV structure and function in 49 HIV-infected infants and children without CHF. Methods and Results A total of 106 echocardiograms were performed in these children within 30 days of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM) measurements; this includes 12 children treated with IVIG therapy. All echocardiographic parameters, blood pressures, and immunoglobulins were adjusted for age or body surface area and subjected to repeated-measures regression. Regression models were adjusted simultaneously for endogenous IgA, IgG, IgM, IVIG therapy, zidovudine therapy, age, HIV disease stage, and weight. Higher endogenous serum IgG levels and IVIG treatment were associated with significantly greater wall thickness and lower peak wall stress. Higher endogenous serum IgA levels were associated with more normal LV wall thickness and LV thickness-to-dimension ratios. LV contractility, fractional shortening, end-systolic wall stress, and thickness-to-dimension ratio all showed a trend toward more normal values with higher endogenous immunoglobulin values or during IVIG treatment. Conclusions LV structure and function appear to be more normal in HIV-infected children who receive IVIG treatment and in those with higher endogenous IgG levels. These results suggest that both the impaired myocardial growth and the LV dysfunction observed may be immunologically mediated and responsive to immunomodulatory therapy.
Multiple enlarging nodules on the lower limb
Authors: J. Andrews, I. Teo
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 99 year old white woman presented with a 12 month history of nodules and plaques on her left shin. They had been slowly increasing in size and bled intermittently. She denied any history of trauma to her leg and had been systemically well. She reported having high blood pressure and that she had previously had “skin problems” affecting her lower left leg that required surgery. Her only regular drug was bendroflumethiazide, and she had no known drug allergies. She was a non-smoker and drank minimal alcohol. She lived in a ground floor flat and used a walking stick. On review of her medical notes, it was discovered that two areas of squamous cell carcinoma were excised from her left shin 10 years earlier.

On examination, she was fair skinned (Fitzpatrick skin type II). There were several distinct, shiny, well circumscribed nodules on her left shin with surrounding hyperkeratotic plaques. These lesions were tender on palpation.



### 1 What is the most likely diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Given her history of SCC, these lesions are highly suspicious of a recurrence.

#### Long answer

In a patient with a history of slow growing nodules (figure⇓) at a site where SCC had previously been excised, SCC is the most likely diagnosis. SCC is a malignant tumour that arises from the keratinising cells of the epidermis. It is locally invasive and has metastatic potential. The density of these lesions is highest on the face and neck, although lesions are more common on the extremities (arms, backs of hands, and lower limbs).1 SCC is more common in people over the …
Respiratory Outbreak of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> Subspecies <i>massiliense</i> in a Lung Transplant and Cystic Fibrosis Center
Authors: Moira L. Aitken, Ajit Limaye, Paul Pottinger, Estella Whimbey, Christopher H. Goss, Mark R. Tonelli, Gerard A. Cangelosi, M. Ashworth Dirac, Kenneth N. Olivier, Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, Steven McNulty, Richard J. Wallace
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)
Outcomes of treatment of nine cases of recalcitrant severe hidradenitis suppurativa with carbon dioxide laser
Authors: V. Madan, E. Hindle, W. Hussain, P.J. August
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and often a recalcitrant inflammatory skin condition.To present the results of carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment of recalcitrant HS in nine patients who had failed to improve on medical and other surgical treatments.HS lesions consisting of abscesses, sinuses and granulation tissue were completely excised using the cutting mode of a CO2 laser, leaving only healthy residual subcutaneous fat. The wounds were closed by primary intention where possible and left to granulate otherwise. Outcomes were determined by clinical review and questionnaire.Twenty-seven sites were treated in 19 sessions on nine patients. Seven procedures were performed under general anaesthesia and 12 under local. All patients rated their postoperative discomfort as less or equal to their preoperative state. Seven of the nine patients had complete remission for 12 months or longer after their last laser treatment and ceased all medications. High levels of patient satisfaction were reported with CO2 laser treatment. The main complication was axillary scar contracture in two patients but this was insufficient to limit limb movement.CO2 laser treatment should be considered as a treatment option in recalcitrant HS, where multiple medical treatments have been ineffective.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Will Establishing Risk Factors Spuriously Reduce Incidence?
Authors: Randy Hanzlick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Guntheroth and Spiers<sup>1</sup>have reviewed recent studies of sleep position and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the Netherlands, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand, which, following publicity about avoidance of the prone sleep position, report a reduction of SIDS by 20% to 67% without a simultaneous increase in infant deaths due to other causes. Although these reports are encouraging, we are concerned about (1) the effect that such reports may have on the practice of diagnosing and certifying SIDS as the cause of death, and (2) the effects that changes in these practices may have on mortality statistics. As public and professional knowledge of these reports on the possible protective effect of the supine or other nonprone sleeping positions becomes more widespread, medical examiners, coroners, and other certifiers of infant deaths may use sleep position as a diagnostic criterion and certify SIDS as a cause
Multiple Drug Therapy for Disseminated Malignant Tumours
Authors: L. A. Price, J. H. Goldie
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Forty patients with various disseminated malignant tumours were treated with up to six antitumour drugs given for periods not exceeding 24 hours. Complete or partial objective tumour regression was achieved in 20 patients. No regression occurred in the remaining 20. Treatment given in this way seemed to be at least as effective as other multiple drug regimens and had the following advantages: (1) toxicity was reduced to a minimum and no access was needed to sterile rooms or platelet transfusions since severe bone marrow depression did not occur, and (2) the patients spent only a very short time in hospital.
Assessment of respiratory function in the asthmatic child.
Authors: R. S. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Problems of the Aged-Kay et al.MCLJoURNAIn research into clinical, pathological, or social problems of ageing the psychogeriatric unit would be in a position to provide almost unlimited opportunities.Since the medicine of the future will be increasingly the medicine of old age, this nettle should be firmly grasped now.
Surgery promising in sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Like many physicians who treat liver disease, surgeon John L. Cameron, MD, and internist Willis C. Maddrey, MD, have long been concerned with the lack of specific therapy for patients with sclerosing cholangitis. Multiple strictures and small fibrotic ducts characterize this chronic inflammatory disease and have complicated attempts to treat it by surgery. Then, three years ago, while reviewing cholangiograms of patients who had come to Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore for treatment of the condition, the two investigators noted that often the most narrowed area was at the bifurcation of the hepatic duct. They began to work on a surgical strategy, preliminary results of which were reported at the meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (of which Maddrey is president) in Chicago. The strategy involves resecting the hepatic duct bifurcation, gently stretching the left and right hepatic ducts with a metal
Two-dimensional echocardiographic features of echinococcosis of the heart and great blood vessels. Clinical and surgical implications.
Authors: J M Oliver, J F Sotillo, F J Domínguez, E López de Sá, L Calvo, A Salvador, J M Paniagua
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Echocardiographic findings in cardiac echinococcosis have been previously described in isolated cases, but no detailed account of the various echocardiographic aspects and their clinical and surgical implications have ever been reported. We present a retrospective analysis of the two-dimensional echocardiograms of 15 patients with hydatid cysts affecting the heart or great blood vessels. Two-dimensional echocardiogram features were compared with the main clinical syndromes. Surgical confirmation of the echocardiogram findings was available in 12 patients. The cyst sizes ranged from 0.5 to 12 cm in diameter. Eleven patients had single cysts, three patients had two cysts, and one patient had multiple cysts. Cysts were located in the intramyocardial region in nine patients, the pericardial in three, and the paracardial in another three. All intramyocardial cysts protruded into the adjacent cardiac chamber, but in only two patients was there significant tricuspid valvular dysfunction. Pericardial and mediastinal cysts showed compression of cardiac chambers or great blood vessels, and two cysts had ruptured into the descendent thoracic aorta or inferior vena cava. In most patients, two-dimensional echocardiographic images of hydatid cysts were those of a cystic mass having well-defined edges and internal trabeculations corresponding to daughter membranes. However, in four patients, two-dimensional echocardiographic images showed a "solid" mass instead of a cystic mass, and in one patient with the multivesicular variety of echinococcosis, the images showed a large mass with poorly defined edges having a honeycombed appearance causing lysis of the anterior arch of the second and third left ribs. The two-dimensional echocardiographic finding showed good correlation with main clinical syndromes, but anaphylactic reactions occurred in every cyst location. In one patient, postoperative two-dimensional echocardiography showed two small intramyocardial cysts that had not been noticed during preoperative two-dimensional echocardiography or during surgical examination. Pathological examination in the four patients with a solid mass showed replacement of the hydatid liquid by necrotic matter containing membrane residues with a foreign-body inflammatory reaction of a granulomatous type. In conclusion, two-dimensional echocardiography is a very useful tool for diagnosis and management of patients with cardiac echinococcosis, but the great diversity of findings regarding number, size, location, and appearance of cysts must be borne in mind to interpret correctly the two-dimensional echocardiograms.
PSYCHOTOMIMETICS, CLINICAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS: HARMINE, WIN-2299 AND NALLINE
Authors: HARRY H. PENNES, PAUL H. HOCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

Harmine, Win-2299, and Nalline in single dosage produce many new mental effects in schizophrenics grossly similar to those elicited by mescaline and LSD. Many of the same effects are reported in normals after harmine and Nalline (other workers). unlike mescaline and LSD at usual dosage levels, the present psychotomimetics regularly produce drowsiness and sleep along with the aberrant mental effects. The resultant state is partly that of "hypnagogic" visual hallucinations or imagery. The results with increased dosage suggest that the basic effect of these agents is to produce an acute toxic reaction type. The difference between them and mescaline or LSD with respect to clouding of consciousness and certain aspects of the hallucinogenic response may be quantitative rather than qualitative. The indole nucleus is not necessary in the structure of psychotomimetics since Win-2299 and Nalline are non-indoles. The tertiary nitrogen grouping may contribute to certain aspects of psychotomimetic action.
(52) Discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis
Authors: N.R. Rowell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (52) Discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis Get access N.R. Rowell N.R. Rowell The General Infirmary at Leeds. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 106–108, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12092.x Published: 01 June 1987
Linkage between cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and high plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
Authors: J Wang, D J Freeman, S M Grundy, D M Levine, R Guerra, J C Cohen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Interindividual differences in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels reflect both environmental variation and genetic polymorphism, but the specific genes involved and their relative contributions to the variance in LDL-C are not known. In this study we investigated the relationship between plasma LDL-C concentrations and three genes with pivotal roles in LDL metabolism: the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7). Analysis of 150 nuclear families indicated statistically significant linkage between plasma LDL-C concentrations and CYP7, but not LDLR or APOB. Further sibling pair analyses using individuals with high plasma LDL-C concentrations as probands indicated that the CYP7 locus was linked to high plasma LDL-C, but not to low plasma LDL-C concentrations. This finding was replicated in an independent sample. DNA sequencing revealed two linked polymorphisms in the 5' flanking region of CYP7. The allele defined by these polymorphisms was associated with increased plasma LDL-C concentrations, both in sibling pairs and in unrelated individuals. Taken together, these findings indicate that polymorphism in CYP7 contributes to heritable variation in plasma LDL-C concentrations. Common polymorphisms in LDLR and APOB account for little of the heritable variation in plasma LDL-C concentrations in the general population.
LONG LIFE IN THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS
Authors: John F. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Are the southern mountains a healthful place in which to live? Much has been said and written about poverty, poor medical care, lack of proper attention to childhood, and various other matters classed as hardships which people who live in the remote parts of the mountains have to endure. But in contrast to these things one should dwell on the advantages which life in the mountains has to offer. There are hardships in places, but there are also rewards worth living for: pure air, excellent spring water, the simple life, absence of noises that infest our cities, neighbors with whom one can get acquainted, friends who will help in time of sickness and bring comfort in days of sorrow, gorgeous sunsets and glorious sunrises undimmed by smoke from flues and factory chimneys, scenery whose lights and shadows vary through each hour of the day, an opportunity to
262 SERPINB3 IS ASSOCIATED TO LONGER SURVIVAL IN MALE TRANSGENIC MICE
Authors: G. Villano, M. Ruvoletto, F. Calabrese, S. Quarta, C. Turato, N. Tono, A. Biasiolo, C. Merkel, A. Gatta, P. Pontisso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Does preoperative pancreatic duct stenting prevent pancreatic fistula after surgery? A cohort study
Authors: Tomoyoshi Okamoto, Takeshi Gocho, Yasuro Futagawa, Shuichi Fujioka, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Keiichi Ikeda, Hiroshi Kakutani, Hisao Tajiri
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2008)
Colposcopy in the Localization of Missing Intrauterine Devices
Authors: S.O. Anteby, A. Birkenfeld
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

The use of colposcopy as an office procedure is shown to be an effective method in localizing the IUD's string deep in the cervical canal, and for following those patients who wish to continue with IUD, thus avoiding replacement of the device. In 24 patients with missing string, colposcopy was used, and was found to be an effective procedure which obviates the use of unnecessary x-ray exposure, invasive procedures and expensive ultrasonography.Since curling and retraction of the filament into the uterine cavity is 1 of the main causes of nonvisualized string, a noninvasive office procedure, colposcopy, was adopted for the investigation of missing IUD in an attempt to identify the string in the cervical canal. During the past 2 years 24 patients with the diagnosis of "missing IUD string" were examined by colposcopy. These patients were previously investigated in an outpatient department which failed to locate the IUD string at the external cervical os. The essential target of colposcopic examination was the endocervical canal. In the majority of the patients the IUD was located in utero by colposcopic visualization of the string deep in the cervical canal, embedded between the cervical ridges. In 2 patients, the string was not located on colposcopy; these patients were examined by ultrasound and only in 1 was the IUD in utero. The other was diagnosed as "unnoticed expulsion." The correct summary of paired data for comparing 2 proportions was used as a statistical method for comparing the usual clinical methods of localizing IUD strings in the cervical canal (which failed to locate the strings in these patients) and the colposcopy method. The difference between the 2 methods was statistically significant. The IUD was left in utero in 17 patients who were followed for an average period of 16 months in the outpatient department by routine colposcopic examination. In 5 patients the IUD was removed at the request of the patient using a long straight clamp and without any discomfort to the patient. It seems that using colposcopy in the initial localization of intrauterine contraceptive devices with missing tails can prevent unnecessary ionizing radiation, patient discomfort by sounding, or the introduction of an intrauterine hook to locate the IUD, and the use of anesthesia or cervical block to permit hysteroscopy. It can also reduce the necessity for ultrasonographic investigation, which is an expensive procedure.
Heterogeneity of Mast Cells and Phenotypic Change Between Subpopulations
Authors: Y Kitamura
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1989)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More