tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rapid Molecular Evolution of CYCLOIDEA-like Genes in Antirrhinum and Its Relatives
Authors: T. Gubitz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) genes encode related TCP transcription factors that control floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum majus. Analysis of sequences from relatives of Antirrhinum suggested that CYC and DICH arose from a gene duplication in an ancestor of the tribe Antirrhineae and have subsequently evolved at similar rates. Coding regions outside the conserved functional TCP and R domains differed by numerous indels, suggesting rapid evolution and low constraint on amino acid sequence. An analysis of variability within the genus Antirrhinum revealed very similar CYC alleles in 17 representative species, consistent with most of the species having diverged within the last 1 myr. Whereas substitution mutations appear to have accumulated constantly, one Antirrhinum CYC allele provided evidence for sporadic and rapid accumulation of insertion mutations.
Reform at WHO is too slow, say critics
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The World Health Assembly starts next week (17 May 1999), but nine months after Gro Harlem Brundtland took the helm at the World Health Organisation, two key directors' posts remain unfilled, and some frustrated insiders claim that her hectic reform programme is not fast or radical enough to meet the challenges the WHO faces.

Dr Brundtland took office last July with a promise that the beleaguered UN agency would change and “make a difference” to global health. Most former critics of the WHO have praised her achievements so far. …
Guidelines for managing acute bacterial meningitis
Authors: K. Moller
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Nearly one in four adults with acute bacterial meningitis will die, and many survivors sustain neurological deficits.1 2 The outcome has not changed since the early 1960s despite the introduction of potent antibiotics and specialised intensive care units.3

The prognosis is worse with a delay in management.4 Consequently, the outcome depends on whether the attending physician suspects acute bacterial meningitis, and whether the healthcare system is set up to make a rapid, accurate diagnosis and initiate fast and effective treatment.

In this respect, standardised guidelines such as those recently issued by the working party under the British Infection Society are invaluable.5 These guidelines make recommendations for the management of adults with suspected or diagnosed acute bacterial meningitis or meningococcal disease and for the …
New reported risks add to concern about bisphenol A in plastics
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

New worries about a chemical found in many plastic food containers were raised by a report in JAMA and an accompanying editorial (2008;300:1303-10, doi:10.1001/jama.300.11.1303).

The study attracted much media attention. It followed a report by the Food and Drug Administration last month that said that the chemical was safe ( BMJ 2008;337:a1429) and a report in April by another US government agency, the National Toxicology Program, that raised concerns about the chemical.

Bisphenol A is used to make polycarbonate plastic food and drink containers, such as baby bottles. It is also used in the lining of aluminium cans, in dental sealants to prevent decay, in “carbonless” paper for receipts, and in other household …
TCT-70 No Survival Benefit with Use of Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Pooled Experience of 1,517 Patients
Authors: Richard Cheng, Raj Makkar, David Chang, Francisco Arabia, Jon Kobashigawa, Fardad Esmailian, Jaime Moriguchi, Babak Azarbal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
HISTORY TAKING IN ALLERGY
Authors: OSCAR SWINEFORD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

Article1 February 1944HISTORY TAKING IN ALLERGYAN OUTLINE FOR, AND A COMPARISON OF RESULTS FROM 200 HISTORIES AND SKIN TESTS*OSCAR SWINEFORD JR., M.D., F.A.C.P., W. M. WEAVER, M.D.OSCAR SWINEFORD JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. M. WEAVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-20-2-293 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHistory taking is an important aid to physicians who treat the various manifestations of allergy. A review of the literature of allergy discloses little about history taking, and only one reference1 to the useful information obtained by history alone in a series of cases. A comparison of the literature of the two procedures, history versus skin tests, shows an enormous and disproportionate emphasis on the latter.It is the purpose of this report: (1) To point out some deficiencies in current literature on allergy history taking. (2) To outline a routine for taking an allergy history which has been used...Bibliography1. SWINEFORD O: Observations on history taking in allergy, Virginia Med. Monthly, 1936, lxiii, 139-148. Google Scholar2. VAUGHAN WT: Practice of allergy, 1939, C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. ROWE AH: Elimination diets and patients' allergies, 1941, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Google Scholar4. TUFT L: Clinical allergy, 1937, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. Google Scholar5. HANSEL FK: Allergy of the nose and paranasal sinuses, 1936, C. V. Mosby, St. Louis. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. FEINBERG SM: Allergy in general practice, 1934, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Google Scholar7. RACKEMANN FM: Clinical allergy, 1931, The Macmillan Company, New York. Google Scholar8. COCAWALZERTHOMMEN AFMAA: Asthma and hay fever in theory and practice, 1931, C. C. Thomas, Springfield. Google Scholar9. BRAY GC: Recent advances in allergy, 1937, P. Blakiston's Son and Company, Philadelphia. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10. BALYEAT RM: Allergic diseases, their diagnosis and treatment, 1936, F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia. Google Scholar11. SWINEFORD O: Skin testing methods, Jr. Allergy, 1941, xii, 470-473. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Muskogee, Oklahoma*Received for publication September 28, 1942.From the Allergy Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, Virginia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRecognising and managing allergic disease in the communityUnderstanding allergic disease and atopyHyposensitization—A Critical ReviewSkin Testing in Atopic AllergyEvaluation of the Worth of Skin Testing: Mistakes and FallaciesCardiac AsthmaAsthma bronchiale 1 February 1944Volume 20, Issue 2Page: 293-305KeywordsAllergy and immunologySkin tests Issue Published: 1 February 1944 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Translational Implications of the Parathyroid Calcium Receptor
Authors: Andrew F. Stewart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

We live in the era of the Human Genome Project, human and mouse genetics, proteomics, evidence-based medicine, intelligent drug design, and a new "road map" for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that relies on multidisciplinary, translationally directed teams of basic scientists and clinicians focused on specific goals related to human health. Nonetheless, it is rare indeed that an unanticipated discovery in basic science leads within a decade to the development and commercialization of an entirely new therapeutic class of agents.It has been known for decades that serum calcium regulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands . . .
Inhibition of transcription factor NF-κB reduces matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 and -9 production by vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: M Bond
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the destruction of the extracellular matrix at the shoulder regions of atherosclerotic plaques that leads to plaque destabilisation and triggers clinical cardiovascular disease. There is therefore considerable interest in establishing the mechanisms responsible for increased MMP production. MMPs-1, -3 and -9 are upregulated by inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that are produced by plaque resident macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Our present studies focused on NF-κB, which regulates numerous inflammatory genes, and is activated in plaque smooth muscle cells. Moreover, an NF-κB binding site is present in the promoter of the MMP-9 gene and an NF-κB-like element in the promoter of the MMP-1 gene. Methods: We used adenovirus mediated overexpression of its inhibitor, IκBα to investigate the role of NF-κB in regulation of MMP-1, -3 and -9 by isolated, cytokine stimulated rabbit aortic and human saphenous vein VSMC. Results: IL-1α potently activated NF-κB in VSMCs and acted synergistically with growth factors to upregulate expression of MMP-1, -3 and -9. Overexpression of IκBα, almost completely inhibited expression of MMP-1, -3 and -9 in response to IL-1α alone or in combination with bFGF and PDGF. Conclusion: NF-κB is required for cytokine upregulation of MMP-1, -3 and -9 in VSMCs, which suggests that NF-κB inhibition may promote plaque stabilisation.
Challenge of migrating patients
Authors: L. M. Massimo, T. J. Wiley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Legido-Quigley and McKee raise some of the thornier issues faced by healthcare authorities dealing with patients seeking medical care outside their own country.1 As with countless other tertiary hospitals throughout Europe, our centre, the largest public paediatric facility in Italy, has had to come to grips with this new …
Mortality Trends in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Esther G. Gerrits, Gijs W. Landman, Henk J. Bilo
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

To the Editor In this journal, Butala et al1 reported that patients with diabetes had a considerable reduction of in-hospital mortality and even a complete reversal in risk of mortality in an urban US medical center over the last decade.1
Restoring medical services in Kosovo will be a massive task
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Re-establishing medical services in Kosovo is going to be extremely difficult, Bruce Laurence, medical director of Medical Emergency Relief International (MERLIN), warned last week. “The scale of destruction has been large and has been made worse by the retreating Serbian forces. We are also concerned that the medical facilities in Kosovo may have been particularly badly affected. The experience of aid agencies working in Nicaragua and Mozambique is that medical services and healthcare professionals tend to be prime targets in ethnic conflicts.”

Over 830000 ethnic Albanians have fled Kosovo since the end of March 1999. Of these, over half are in Albania. Most of the refugees are women and children but there are also many elderly people.Although their desire to return home as soon as possible is evident, …
Hypersensitivity to gold in gold sodium thiomalate-induced dermatosis
Authors: None Räsänen, None Kaipiainen-Seppänen, None Myllykangas-Luosujärvi, None Käsnänen, None Pollari, None Saloranta, None Horsmanheimo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Gold compounds are widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Mucocutaneous side-effects leading to the discontinuation of medication are common with these drugs. We investigated whether allergic mechanisms are involved in dermatosis induced by gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM). Thirteen gold dermatosis patients, 15 arthritis patients without any side-effects from GSTM and 11 healthy controls participated in the study. Venous blood lymphocytes from these subjects were cultured with GSTM and gold sodium thiosulphate (GSTS) in the lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT). In some cases, interferon-gamma-producing cells were enumerated in vitro (T-cell ELISpot). The subjects were also patch-tested with GSTM and GSTS. The LPT to either GSTM, GSTS or both was positive in 12 of 13 patients with gold dermatosis. In the arthritis patient group without side-effects from gold, the LPT gave two false-positive results and in the healthy control group the LPT was falsely positive with one subject. T-cell ELISpot was positive in four of six gold dermatosis patients and negative in the arthritis and healthy control groups. Only one patient who also developed contact dermatitis from gold jewellery was positive to gold in the patch test. These results indicate that gold dermatosis is mediated, at least in part, by allergic mechanisms and that the LPT is of value in the diagnosis of gold dermatosis.
REMOVAL OF ADHESIVE PLASTER
Authors: Lester R. Mellor
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, August 25, Dr. J. E. Stinson recommends a mixture of ether, alcohol, iodine and acetic acid for the removal of adhesive plaster. I have used gasoline for this purpose for more than nine years. It will loosen the plaster quickly if the plaster is wet with it generously, and any sticky material remaining can be very easily removed by rubbing gently with cotton wet with the gasoline. Gasoline is smooth to the touch, and I have never had any irritation from it.
Reply to B. Faltas et al
Authors: Hisae Iinuma, Toshiaki Watanabe, Koshi Mimori, Miki Adachi, Naoko Hayashi, Junko Tamura, Keijiro Nozawa, Soichiro Ishihara, Keiji Matsuda, Ryoji Fukushima, Kota Okinaga, Mitsuru Sasako, Masaki Mori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
Immune system as a target organ for toxicity.
Authors: P H Bick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Recently, interest has centered on the immune system as a target organ for toxic effects. This seems a reasonable choice, since it can be argued that alterations induced in this system as a result of a toxic insult could lead to impaired immunity. Such an alteration may be manifest in altered disease susceptibility. Documenting toxic effects upon the immune system is a difficult task due to the multifaceted network of specialized cells that carry out immune functions. Because of this complexity, it is necessary to develop a panel of immunologic assays to adequately cover the diverse functions that may be affected by a toxic substance. In the interest of efficiency and cost, it is preferable to organize the assay systems into a tier structure to generate the most information in the shortest time. An overview of the immune system is presented, an an example of one possible tier system of assays is described.
Surgical Approaches in Psychiatry
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This volume, of medical and social interest, underlines unresolved problem areas in its field. Among the important contributions are those dealing with the morphological plasticity of the synapse as studied by the newer electron microscopic techniques, the axonal connections between the frontal lobe and various portions of the limbic system, monaminergic and cholinergic systems, sensory convergence of the cerebral cortex, and newer advances in electrophysiologic monitoring in both a clinical and experimental setting. Several clinics have attempted to improve the preoperative and postoperative assessment of the patient, from the psychiatric, neurological, and sociological points of view. One important study dealt with patients undergoing amygdalotomy, another with the pathological substrates in temporal lobe epilepsy with psychosis, in an attempt to correlate pathology with dysfunction. An unresolved problem involves surgical therapy in patients who do not have a specific diagnosis of brain disease. "In psychiatry, there are as yet no reliable objective
Abstract 4824: Little evidence of human papillomavirus in lung tumor tissue
Authors: Jill Koshiol, Melissa Rotunno, Maura Gillison, Leen-Jan van Doorn, Letizia Tarantini, Hebin Song, Wim Quint, Linda Struijk, Alisa Goldstein, Anil Chaturvedi, Allan Hildesheim, Philip Taylor, Sholom Wacholder, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Maria Teresa Landi, Neil Caporaso
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Lung cancer kills over one million people worldwide each year. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been proposed as a potential cause. Over 50 studies have evaluated HPV in lung tumor tissue over the last 20 years with mixed findings, but most were severely underpowered or had other methodological limitations. While several HPV-associated cancers have been identified (e.g., cervical, tonsillar), the role of HPV in lung carcinogenesis remains controversial. Methods: We tested 450 lung cancer cases in the Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) Italian population-based, case control study for HPV DNA. DNA was extracted from ethanol or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue under strict PCR clean conditions and was evaluated for HPV16 and 18 by type-specific, real-time PCR targeted to the E6 or E7 gene. The number of cell equivalents evaluable in these reactions was estimated by real-time PCR targeted to the human ERV3 gene. DNA purity was assessed by standard spectrophotometry (260/280 ratio). Results: 79.6% (n=358) of the 450 cases were male, 48.9% (n=220) were current smokers, 44.0% (n=198) were former smokers, 6.7% (n=30) were never smokers, and 0.4% (n=2) had unknown smoking status. 399 of 450 cases (88.67%) met quality indices for DNA quantity (at least 100 evaluable cell equivalents) and quality (260/280 ratio of 1.5 to 2.2). Of these, 398 (99.75%, 95% confidence interval: 98.61%-99.99%) were negative for HPV16 and 18. One case, a female former smoker with adenocarcinoma, was positive for HPV16 at low copy number (0.4 per 1000 cell equivalents). We are currently evaluating a subset of cases (n=100) for a broad spectrum of HPV types by PCR with SPF10 primers and a cocktail of conservative probes recognizing at least 54 mucosal HPV genotypes in a microtiter plate format (DEIA). To date no HPV has been detected in the 30 cases tested. Conclusions: Using extensive laboratory efforts to avoid DNA contamination and sensitive HPV DNA detection assays, we found no evidence to support a role for HPV in lung cancer in a representative Western population. Our results provide the strongest evidence to date to rule out a role for HPV in lung carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4824.
The major 85-kD surface antigen of the mammalian form of Trypanosoma cruzi is encoded by a large heterogeneous family of simultaneously expressed genes.
Authors: S Kahn, W C Van Voorhis, H Eisen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Trypanosoma cruzi is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. The parasite mammalian stage surface antigens exhibit extensive antigenic diversity. We have characterized a family of T. cruzi genes that code for a polymorphic set of 85-kD surface antigens, the SA85-1 antigens. The family contains greater than 100 genes and pseudogenes, of which a minimum of nine are transcribed. The gene family is expressed in the mammalian stage only. A subset of the gene family is present in two telomere-linked copies in the genome. Telomere linkage of other expressed SA85-1 genes has not been demonstrated. We have shown that at least three members of the SA85-1 gene family encode antigens at the surface of the mammalian stage of the parasite. Interestingly, these three antigens are expressed on all the trypanosomes examined. This suggests that T. cruzi simultaneously expresses a large repertoire of similar, but diverse antigens at its surface. Thus, T. cruzi exhibits extensive antigenic diversity in a system unique from that of African trypanosomes, perhaps reflecting its intracellular niche.
Effect of duration of hepatitis B virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B viral replication
Authors: Beryl A. Koblin, Patricia E. Taylor, Pablo Rubinstein, Cladd E. Stevens
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study examined the effect of duration of hepatitis B virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection and hepatitis B viral replication. Twenty-five chronic HBsAg carriers were studied. Presence of hepatitis B virus DNA and expression of HBeAg were more frequent among 20 chronic HBsAg carriers positive for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody compared with five chronic HBsAg carriers negative for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 antibody, but the associations were not statistically significant. Hepatitis B virus DNA and HBeAg were inversely related to duration of hepatitis B virus infection (p less than 0.001). Stratifying for duration of hepatitis B virus infection, the presence of viral replication was similar among patients negative and positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Hepatitis B virus DNA levels did not increase with the decline of cellular immunity over time. In conclusion, hepatitis B virus replication among chronic carriers may be a function of duration of hepatitis B virus infection rather than of an effect of human immunodeficiency virus type-1.
EZH2 mutations are frequent and represent an early event in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Csaba Bödör, Vera Grossmann, Nikolay Popov, Jessica Okosun, Ciarán O’Riain, King Tan, Jacek Marzec, Shamzah Araf, Jun Wang, Abigail M. Lee, Andrew Clear, Silvia Montoto, Janet Matthews, Sameena Iqbal, Hajnalka Rajnai, Andreas Rosenwald, German Ott, Elias Campo, Lisa M. Rimsza, Erlend B. Smeland, Wing C. Chan, Rita M. Braziel, Louis M. Staudt, George Wright, T. Andrew Lister, Olivier Elemento, Robert Hills, John G. Gribben, Claude Chelala, András Matolcsy, Alexander Kohlmann, Torsten Haferlach, Randy D. Gascoyne, Jude Fitzgibbon
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Battered Child: Recognition in Primary Care
Authors: Edward W. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book, best described as an annotated atlas of child abuse syndromes, is aimed at sensitizing the primary care provider to those injuries or conditions that are likely to have been inflicted on a child or caused by neglect. The format pairs color photographs of excellent quality with a text that seeks to explain the features of the injury and its connection to the history offered by the caretakers and the child. The organization of the book is somewhat parallel to the thought processes that should develop in those involved in the identification of the possibly abused child. The author first seeks to develop the clinical syndrome, then to describe the lesions that by themselves are most likely to be caused by abuse or neglect. He provides some examples of conditions that may masquerade as abuse and then describes, unfortunately briefly, management techniques from the point of identification of the