tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Office Orthopedics for Primary Care Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Hollis D. Day
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes18 May 1999Office Orthopedics for Primary Care Diagnosis and TreatmentHollis D. Day, MDHollis D. Day, MDHospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Day)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail 2nd edition. Anderson BC. 326 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. $42.00. ISBN 072167089X. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Orthopedics.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical students, house officers, and primary care physicians.Purpose: To provide comprehensive and clear information on the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic problems seen in the primary care setting.Content: The 14 chapters of this book are divided into four sections. The first section outlines common presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, and treatments of the 48 most common outpatient orthopedic conditions. The second section briefly discusses the sequence of treatments that the primary care physician should ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Day) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 18 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 10Page: 868KeywordsCalciumComputer softwareDrugsMuscular dystrophiesOrthopedicsOutpatientsPatientsPrimary care physiciansResearch laboratoriesSurgeons ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 18 May 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dissection of the Aorta
Authors: James E. Dalen
Journal: JAMA (1979)

DISSECTION of the aorta is the most common acute disease of the aorta. Without therapy, it is highly lethal. In the classic series of Hirst et al,<sup>1</sup>62% of the patients were dead within seven days of the time of the onset of symptoms, and 93% were dead within a year. Few patients die instantaneously; the majority survive long enough for the diagnosis to be made. If the clinician recognizes dissection of the aorta, he now has available highly successful medical or surgical therapy. With appropriate therapy, the mortality of dissection is less than 20%.<sup>2</sup> Recognition of aortic dissection is difficult because it is almost always confused with acute myocardial infarction. <h3>Pathophysiology</h3> The lesion that predisposes to dissection is cystic medial necrosis.<sup>3</sup>The cause of cystic medial necrosis is unknown. We do know that hypertension and Marfan's syndrome predispose to this lesion in the media of the
Effects of immobilized immune complexes on Fc- and complement-receptor function in resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Authors: J Michl, M M Pieczonka, J C Unkeless, S C Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

We have examined the Fc- and complement-receptor function of resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages plated on surfaces coated with rabbit antibody-antigen complexes and with complement. We derive four major conclusions from these studies. (a) The trypsin-resistant Fc receptors of resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages are completely modulated when these cells are plated on rabbit antibody-antigen complexes. Residual Fc receptor activity is a result of the incomplete modulation of trypsin-sensitive IgG2a receptors. (b) The complement receptors of thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, but not of resident macrophages, are modulated when these cells are plated on complement-coated surfaces. The capacity of the two cell types to modulate their complement receptors is correlated with their ability to ingest complement-coated erythrocytes. (c) The complement and Fc receptors of both types of macrophages move independently of one another. (d) Complement masks the Fc segments of IgG in immune complexes thereby rendering them ineffective as ligands for macrophage Fc receptors.
Refining Multimodal Therapy for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Heidi Nelson, Daniel J. Sargent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

For a short time, the treatment of rectal cancer seemed clear and definitive. The 1990 National Institutes of Health consensus statement concluded, “Combined postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy improves local control and survival in stage II and III patients and is recommended.”1 At the time, the generally accepted treatment was conventional bowel resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy (at a dose of 45 to 55 Gy) and chemotherapy if pathological findings confirmed the presence of transmural invasion or positive lymph nodes. Although the consensus statement introduced multimodal therapy as the standard treatment, results from subsequent randomized, controlled trials challenged that . . .
Abstract 3255: IKBKE is induced by STAT3 and tobacco carcinogen and determines chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jianping Guo, Donghwa Kim, Courtney Kurtyka, Huihua Chen, Danwei Wu, Aman Mittal, Jin Q. Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Serine/threonine kinase IKBKE is a newly identified oncogene, however, its regulation remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence that IKBKE is a downstream target of STAT3 and that tobacco induces IKBKE expression through STAT3. Ectopic expression of constitutively active STAT3 led to increase of IKBKE mRNA and protein levels, whereas inhibition of STAT3 reduced IKBKE expression. Further, ex-pression levels of IKBKE are significantly associated with STAT3 activation and tobacco use history in NSCLC patients examined. In addition, we show induction IKBKE by two components of cigarette smoke, nicotine and the NNK. Upon exposure of nicotine or NNK, cells express high levels of IKBKE protein and mRNA, which are largely abrogated by inhibition of STAT3. Characterization of the IKBKE promoter revealed 2 STAT3 response elements that directly bind to STAT3 and respond to nicotine and NNK stimulation. Notably, knockdown of IKBKE not only selectively sensitizes NSCLC cells to chemotherapy but also abrogates the protective effects of constitutively activate STAT3 and nicotine on gemcitabine and cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These data indicate for first time that IKBKE is a direct target of the STAT3 and is induced by tobacco carcinogen through STAT3 pathway. In addition, our study also suggests that IKBKE is an important therapeutic target and could play a pivotal role in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3255. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3255
FDA allows drug firms to distribute journal articles about unapproved uses
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The US Food and Drug Administration has published guidance that allows drug and device companies to use reprints of journal articles about off-label, or unapproved, uses of their products in promotions to doctors.

By allowing distribution of peer reviewed but off-label studies, the FDA recognises that doctors use approved drugs and devices in unapproved situations. Once a drug or device has been approved doctors can use it as they choose.

A section of the Food and Drug Modernization Act that regulates distribution of articles about unapproved uses expired in September 2006, and the FDA came up with new, more liberal regulations this month, just before President George Bush left office. Although doctors were …
Mature T-cell Lymphomagenesis Induced by Retroviral Insertional Activation of Janus Kinase 1
Authors: Tim Heinrich, Benjamin Rengstl, Alexander Muik, Mina Petkova, Frederike Schmid, Robin Wistinghausen, Kathrin Warner, Giuliano Crispatzu, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Marco Herling, Dorothee von Laer, Sebastian Newrzela
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Retroviral vectors (RVs) are powerful tools in clinical gene therapy. However, stable genomic integration of RVs can be oncogenic, as reported in several animal models and in clinical trials. Previously, we observed that T-cell receptor (TCR) polyclonal mature T cells are resistant to transformation after gammaretroviral transfer of (proto-)oncogenes, whereas TCR-oligoclonal T cells were transformable in the same setting. Here, we describe the induction of a mature T-cell lymphoma (MTCL) in TCR-oligoclonal OT-I transgenic T cells, transduced with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-encoding gammaretroviral vector. The tumor cells were of a mature T-cell phenotype and serially transplantable. Integration site analysis revealed a proviral hit in Janus kinase 1 (Jak1), which resulted in Jak1 overexpression and Jak/STAT-pathway activation, particularly via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Specific inhibition of Jak1 markedly delayed tumor growth. A systematic meta-analysis of available gene expression data on human mature T-cell lymphomas/leukemias confirmed the relevance of Jak/STAT overexpression in sporadic human T-cell tumorigenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe RV-associated insertional mutagenesis in mature T cells.
Beans means lectins
Authors: J M RHODES
Journal: Gut (1999)

See article on page 709 

Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin that bind specifically to carbohydrates. They usually, and arguably by definition, have at least two binding sites per molecule and tend to agglutinate cells to which they bind. They are ubiquitous in living matter, whether of plant or animal origin.1 Animal lectins include the selectins which are responsible for leucocyte–endothelial interactions, the hepatocyte galactose binding lectin responsible for removing aging, desialylated, glycoproteins from circulation (the asialoglycoprotein receptor), the circulating mannose binding lectin which functions as a complement protein, and the intracellular galectins (galactose binding lectins) whose natural functions have yet to be determined. Microbial lectins include the adhesins that are essential for the pathogenicity of many enteric organisms. Plant lectins are particularly plentiful in seeds and nuts. They are typically globular proteins which are highly resistant to digestion by mammalian enzymes and survive passage though the digestive tract. Their functions in the plant are unclear but probably include growth promoting and antifungal effects. Lectins usually have an effect on the cells to which they bind. Mitogenic functions have long been recognised—for example, for concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin. …
Topics go from aiding suicide to reporting news as bioethics groups hold first 'mega-meeting'
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

FIGURING THAT 900 heads are better than 100 or 200, four American bioethics societies this fall held their annual meetings together for the first time. Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pa, the American Society of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics (ASLME), Society for Health and Human Values, Society for Bioethics Consultation, and American Association of Bioethics brought together an impressive potpourri of bioethicists, physicians, nurses, philosophers, lawyers, teachers, and others interested in bioethical issues. Dubbed the first annual "Bioethics Mega-meeting," the conference was a beehive of concurrent and overlapping sessions, with each group endeavoring to maintain the integrity of its own annual meeting. The societies met together to "provide both members and nonmembers with an invaluable opportunity to meet with a greater variety of experts and colleagues, and to network on a larger and more comprehensive scale than otherwise possible," says Benjamin Moulton, JD, MPH, of Boston, Mass, ASLME's executive director. In addition,
Acute Benign Pericarditis Caused by Coxsackie Virus Group B
Authors: Hugh R. Brodie, Victor Marchessault
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SINCE Dalldorf and Sickles1 isolated the Coxsackie virus, numerous accounts describing this group of viruses and their pleomorphic effects have appeared. The literature recently has contained several articles2 3 4 5 6 associating the Coxsackie virus with so-called idiopathic benign pericarditis. Kilbourne7 has suggested that certain criteria be met before a definite diagnosis of viral disease is made. The most important of these are that the cause of the patient's condition be unrelated to known pathogens, that demonstration of adequate antibody response to a given virus coincide with the patient's illness and that virus be recovered from the pathological specimen.Only in 1 reported . . .
Mary Edwards Walker
Authors: Atiq Rehman, Naba G. Rahman, Sharon M. Harris, Faisal H. Cheema
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Mary Edwards Walker was a gallant woman who stood for women's rights, embodied the true American spirit, and served the Union Army in the Civil War as a surgeon. She later became the first and only woman in United States history to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor.
P33 Thoracic ultrasound training: How are we doing?--A national web-based survey
Authors: A. Dwarakanath, T. J. T. Sutherland, S. Kumar
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The 2010 British Thoracic Society guidelines strongly recommend the use of thoracic ultrasound for the investigation and management of pleural disease. Respiratory specialty trainees are expected to achieve level 1 competency in ultrasound by completion of training. There is a paucity of data on the current level of training, availability of teaching and achievement of competency in thoracic ultrasound. We conducted a national web-based survey among respiratory trainees to assess the current availability of training and competency in thoracic ultrasound. <h3>Method</h3> A web-based survey was designed using the Kwik Surveys tool. The survey link was emailed to speciality trainees across all 16 deaneries in the UK. Data were collected on year of training, current placement, availability of ultrasound on the ward, dedicated training sessions and training mentors, current competency level, maintenance of a log book and the frequency of complications encountered despite using ultrasound. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 170 trainees from all deaneries responded. The level of specialty training was equivalent when stratified by year of training and around half of responders were in teaching hospitals. Nearly three-quarters had access to ultrasound on the ward: there was no difference when stratified by teaching hospital. Three-quarters had attended an ultrasound course. Only 16% of trainees have regular dedicated training sessions, with significantly more in teaching hospitals (p=0.04). Nearly 60% did not have a training mentor. Overall 29% of responders have achieved level 1 competency but 11% stated they were unable to use ultrasound at all (there was no difference when stratified by grade). Over a third of trainees do not maintain a logbook. The complication rate despite using ultrasound was &lt;10%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The majority of specialty trainees have access to ultrasound on the ward and have attended a thoracic ultrasound training course. However, it is concerning that very few trainees have a regular dedicated ultrasound training session or a training mentor. If all trainees are to achieve level one competency by the completion of specialty training, there needs to be more importance placed on practical training and the maintenance of a log book.
Dynamic Clinical Studies With Radioisotopes and the Scintillation Camera
Authors: Gerald Burke
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The scintillation camera has been employed for dynamic liver function studies with rose bengal I 131. This approach permits constant visual monitoring of hepatic uptake of labeled dye from the circulation and its excretion into the biliary tree and intestine. The rates of decline in blood radioactivity and of hepatic isotope uptake have been characterized in normal subjects and distinguished from those obtained in patients with parenchymal dysfunction. This technique provides a unique timed anatomic record of the rate and magnitude of excretion of labeled dye, and initial studies indicate it to be of significant value in the differentiation of jaundice which can be surgically corrected and that which can not. Technical limitations inherent in earlier procedures are no longer a problem. The study of liver function with the scintillation camera and rose bengal I 131 represents an advance over previous methodology and this technique merits continued investigation.
A case of secondary amenorrhoea
Authors: J Cheung, R Shaw
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 28 year old woman was referred by her general practitioner with secondary amenorrhoea. She had had an uneventful pregnancy with the normal delivery of a baby girl 18 months previously. She was readmitted to hospital shortly after delivery because of postpartum haemorrhage and underwent evacuation of retained products of conception. The patient was taking the progesterone only contraceptive pill after delivery, but treatment was stopped after 10 months because of an absence of any menstruation. Since discontinuing oral contraception, she had not menstruated for a further 9 months. Otherwise, she had no relevant medical history and no family or drug history. Her menstrual cycle was normal before pregnancy and her body mass index was 22.5. Examination showed no evidence of galactorrhoea or abdominal mass. The vagina and cervix were normal on speculum examination. On palpation, the uterus was of normal size and anteverted, with no adnexal masses. These findings were confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound, which also showed that the texture of the myometrium was slightly heterogeneous in places with irregular endometrial thickness (up to 6 mm in isolated pockets). Biochemical investigations showed normal thyroid function and normal serum levels of prolactin. Serial hormone tests over 3 weeks—including serum concentration of luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, oestradiol, and progesterone—indicated normal cyclical ovarian activity. ### Short answers
Australian Rules football: an anthropometric study of participants.
Authors: L M Burke, R S Read, R A Gollan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

Anthropometric measurements and personal data were collected from 119 Australian Rules footballers from Victoria. A top level professional league team, a second level association team, and an A-grade amateur association team were observed, representing three levels of ability. The profile of physical features of these athletes at the beginning of the season is presented. A gradation of body size was observed between teams. The players in the top level team were slightly taller and heavier than those in the other teams. They had less body fat, as shown by lesser skinfold thicknesses, a smaller percentage body fat as determined by prediction equations, and a greater fat-free mass. The intermediate level team showed an intermediate level of body fat and the lower level team had the highest proportion of fat.
Preventing falls in older people
Authors: M. E. Morris
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Integrating strength and balance exercises into activities of daily living is effective 

In a three armed randomised parallel trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4547), Clemson and colleagues examine the effectiveness of a multifactorial integrated intervention in the prevention of falls among people aged 70 years or more who were assessed to be at high risk of falling.1 By the year 2050 around 1.5 billion people will be aged 65 years or more, and many of those will live in developing countries.2 At least a third of healthy people over 65 years who live at home fall once a year; about 20% of such falls require medical care, and many result in fractures.3 Rates of falling events and injuries from falls increase with advancing age, and rates are particularly high for people with chronic conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease.4 The economic burden of falls in old age is substantial. After motor vehicle accidents, injuries from falls contribute most to lifetime costs of injuries, with wrist and hip fractures contributing the most in elderly people.5 It is worrying that hospital admissions related to falls have declined …
RECTAL INJECTION OF ETHER IN WHOOPING-COUGH
Authors: C. Elgood
Journal: BMJ (1925)

MAY23,T951KEIC& JtMN-_ (e) Simililar drugs may be used for the eye symptoms.In educated people, wvho cal be trusted not to use the drugs to excess, the instillation of a few drops of cocaine (4 grains) and adrenaline (3 drachms to the ounce) will not only help the eyes, but, by passing down the lacrymal duct, will also allay the trouble in the nose.Used in an atomizer these may be sprayed up the nose and also into the eyes.In
The lives of others
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The authors sought to identify factors associated with poor compliance with driving restrictions due to a diagnosis of epilepsy. They compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of 60 patients with epilepsy who, despite the authors’ recommendation, continued to drive, with those of 60 age- and sex-matched epileptic patients who refrained from driving. The results showed that patients with epilepsy do not comply with driving restrictions, mainly for employment-related reasons.
SARCOMA AND THE SARCOID GROWTHS OF THE SKIN
Authors: JAMES C. JOHNSTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1901)

Journal Article SARCOMA AND THE SARCOID GROWTHS OF THE SKIN Get access JAMES C. JOHNSTON, A.B., M.D. JAMES C. JOHNSTON, A.B., M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 13, Issue 7, 1 July 1901, Pages 241–261, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1901.tb16386.x Published: 01 July 1901
How important are we really?
Authors: Ian Palmer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

During a lull in the proceedings in the local out of hours service, a debate arose between me and another 50-something doctor as we awaited our call to action. The debate, if we can stretch the concept of the term, was based on how important we really are as doctors—or not.

I suspect that we both needed to be of a certain age and able to look back on a combined clinical experience of about 60 years. In essence, our debate had all the hallmarks of the raillery of grumpy old men. Nevertheless, it set me thinking. I recalled sitting in a doctor's mess one evening when a medical registrar stormed in after a particularly long outpatient session. She was incandescent with indignity. “That's it. I've had enough. I'm changing to anaesthetics,” she spluttered. “Why don't they [patients] do what I tell them to do!”

> If patients are not taking our advice, then what are they doing in between surgery visits? 

I remembered having the same thought in 1978 when I started my …
HIV Prevention -- Bringing the Message Home
Authors: R.J. Simonds, Martha F. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

An important goal of epidemiologic and laboratory research on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been to determine how HIV transmission occurs, so that effective prevention strategies can be developed. Early in the epidemic, epidemiologic studies of persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defined the most common modes of transmission -- sexual, blood-borne, and perinatal -- making strategies for prevention possible even before HIV was discovered. With the advent of serologic testing for HIV, the risk of transmission was estimated for certain exposures that transmit HIV less frequently, such as needle-stick injuries, providing the rationale for guidelines to prevent . . .