tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ventricular fibrillation in a conscious canine preparation of sudden coronary death--prevention by short- and long-term amiodarone administration.
Authors: E Patterson, B T Eller, G D Abrams, J Vasiliades, B R Lucchesi
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The antifibrillatory properties of short-term intravenous (10 mg/kg/hr) and long-term (10 mg/kg/day for 24 days) oral amiodarone administration were examined in a conscious canine preparation of sudden coronary death.In this preparation, ventricular fibrillation was produced by electrically induced left circumflex intimal injury and thrombosis in the presence of previous anterior myocardial infarction.On day 4 after anterior myocardial infarction animals were assigned to receive short-term intravenous or long-term oral amiodarone treatment.Animals within each group were randomly assigned to control or drug treatment.Neither short-term intravenous nor long-term oral amiodarone treatment prevented the development of ST segment changes or premature ventricular beats, but both short-term intravenous amiodarone and long-term oral amiodarone administration significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation (short-term intravenous amiodarone [n = 10], incidence of 60% vs control [n = 10] incidence of 100%, p < .05;long-term oral amiodarone [n = 10], incidence of 20% vs control [n = 11] incidence of 91%, p < .002).Both short-term intravenous and long-term oral amiodarone administration produced increases in the PR and ratecorrected QT intervals.However, prolongation of the corrected QT interval in the group receiving long-term oral amiodarone (61 + 18 msec) was greater than in the group receiving short-term intravenous drug (31 ± 11 msec, p < .05).This discrepancy between effects of long-term oral and short-term intravenous amiodarone could not be based on differences in plasma (1.9 0.2 vs 2.7 + 0.5 gg/ml, respectively) or right ventricular myocardial concentrations (13 + 2 vs 24 + 4 ,g/g, respectively).These data suggest that while both long-term oral amiodarone and short-term intravenous amiodarone prevent ventricular fibrillation in the conscious dog subjected to acute myocardial ischemia in the presence of previous anterior myocardial infarction, long-term oral amiodarone may have an additional electrophysiologic action and therefore greater efficacy.
Effects of PEEP on VA/Q mismatching in ventilated patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: A Rossi, C Santos, J Roca, A Torres, M A Félez, R Rodriguez-Roisin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Recent work in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to exacerbation of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) suggests that application of low degrees of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can improve rather than impair respiratory mechanics, because PEEP replaces intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi). However, the impact of PEEP on pulmonary gas exchange has not been fully investigated. We designed this study to examine the effects of PEEP and those of PEEPi on ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) mismatching in mechanically ventilated patients with CAO. Eight patients were studied under four conditions: (1) during controlled mechanical ventilation with the ventilatory setting established by the attending physicians (PEEPi-100%), according to standard criteria; (2) after application of PEEP amounting to 50% (PEEP-50%), and then (3) to 100% (PEEP-100%) of the original PEEPi; and finally, (4) after reduction of PEEPi to 50% of the initial value (PEEPi-50%), obtained by increasing expiratory time and decreasing respiratory rate and tidal volume. Respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, respiratory blood gases, and VA/Q distributions were measured during each ventilatory mode. At low values of PEEP (PEEP-50%) no changes in respiratory mechanics nor in hemodynamics were observed, but PaO2 moderately increased (from 103 +/- 25.2 to 112 +/- 29.6 mm Hg) and PaCO2 slightly decreased (from 42 +/- 3.7 to 40 +/- 3.3 mm Hg) essentially because of an increase in the mean VA/Q ratio (first moment) of both flood flow (Q, from 0.65 +/- 0.28 to 0.78 +/- 0.29) and ventilation (V, from 4.02 +/- 1.55 to 4.93 +/- 2.00) distributions (p < 0.05, each).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Randomized trial of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin CY 216 (Fraxiparine) compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin in the curative treatment of submassive pulmonary embolism. A dose-ranging study.
Authors: C Théry, G Simonneau, G Meyer, O Hélénon, F Bridey, C Armagnac, P d'Azemar, J P Coquart
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND We compared the efficacy and safety of different dosages of a low-molecular-weight heparin, CY 216 D (Fraxiparine), in the treatment of submassive pulmonary embolism with unfractionated heparin in a prospective, randomized, dose-finding study. METHODS AND RESULTS The primary outcome was the evolution of pulmonary vascular obstruction. We enrolled 101 patients. Four patient groups were formed: standard heparin by continuous intravenous infusion (group 1) and Fraxiparine subcutaneously 400, 600, and 900 anti-Xa Institute Choay units/kg, respectively (groups 2, 3, and 4). Inclusions were stopped prematurely in groups 3 and 4 because of the incidence of major bleedings. At day 8, the improvement of the pulmonary vascular obstruction and the major bleedings were similar in groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS The Fraxiparine dosage of 400 anti-Xa Institute Choay units/kg is as effective and safe as unfractionated heparin in the treatment of submassive pulmonary embolism.
A WASSERMANN MICRO-TECHNIQUE NEEDING ONLY OCCASIONAL TITRATION OF THE COMPLEMENT
Authors: ROBERT DONALD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1923)

Journal Article A WASSERMANN MICRO‐TECHNIQUE NEEDING ONLY OCCASIONAL TITRATION OF THE COMPLEMENT Get access ROBERT DONALD, B.Sc., D.P.H. ROBERT DONALD, B.Sc., D.P.H. Pathologist to the East London Hospital for Children and Dispensary for Women Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 35, Issue 2, 1 February 1923, Pages 50–64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09085.x Published: 01 February 1923
DOES THE OBESITY PARADOX EXIST IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH NO KNOWN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE? RISK STRATIFICATION USING STRESS SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Mahjabeen Rashid, Abhijit Ghatak, Vivian Teixeira, Sanjeev U. Nair, Fawad Kazi, Farooq Iqtidar, Alan Ahlberg, Mathur Shishir, Roger Mennett, Deborah Katten, Gary Heller, Donna Polk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin induce differentiation of human myeloid cell lines in synergy with immune interferon.
Authors: G Trinchieri, M Kobayashi, M Rosen, R Loudon, M Murphy, B Perussia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

We show that the cytotoxins tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or lymphotoxin (LT), at concentrations of approximately 10(-11) M induce monocytic differentiation of human myeloid cell lines. After 5 d of culture in the presence of rTNF and LT, a significant proportion of the myeloid cell lines express monocyte differentiation antigens and ANAE activity, and become able to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and mediate low levels of ADCC against tumor target cells. These markers of differentiation, however, are maximally induced when rIFN-gamma, at concentrations as low as 4 U/ml, is present simultaneously with the cytotoxins, and the two classes of cytokines act synergistically to induce terminal differentiation. The appearance of monocytic antigens is accompanied by acquisition of morphology and other functional properties of mature monocytic cells, such as chemiluminescence and phagocytosis, and by expression of FcR for monomeric IgG. A decrease in cell proliferation accompanies induced differentiation, and is not due to the cytotoxic properties of TNF or LT, as indicated in simultaneous analysis of surface phenotype and cell cycle. The lack of cytotoxicity of TNF on the HL-60 cell line is also demonstrated by the enhancing effect of TNF on HL-60 cell growth and nucleoside uptake in the first 2 d of culture. These data show that the cytotoxins TNF and LT mediate complex effects on cells of the myelomonocytic lineage and, in synergy with IFN-gamma, can fully induce immature myeloid cells to differentiate into cells with phenotypic, functional, and proliferative characteristics of terminally differentiated myelomonocytic cells.
Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in human colonic mucosa before and during chenodeoxycholic acid therapy.
Authors: G R Corazza, R Ciccarelli, F Caciagli, G Gasbarrini
Journal: Gut (1979)

Previous experimental studies suggest that bile salt-induced colonic fluid secretion is mediated by adenosine 3':5'-phosphate (cyclic AMP). Two biopsy specimens of colonic mucosa were obtained endoscopically before and after different periods of therapy (five, 10, or 15 days), from each of 21 patients receiving chenodeoxycholic acid. A rise of cyclic AMP intracellular levels was found, but only after five and 10 days of treatment was the increase statistically significant when compared with basal levels. Similar changes were observed for guanosine 3':5'-phosphate (cyclic GMP), but percentage increases were higher than for cyclic AMP. Initial diarrhoea disappeared spontaneously, and at 15 days the levels of both cyclic nucleotides were not significantly different from basal levels. Our findings suggest that colonic adaptation to increase in luminal bile salt levels is related to changes in intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides and support the hypothesis that not only cyclic AMP, but also cyclic GMP may play an important role in producing bile salt-induced diarrhoea in man.
Transrectal Prostatic Biopsy
Authors: W. F. Hendry, J. P. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Transrectal prostatic biopsy specimens were taken from 218 patients with prostatic symptoms—138 by the Franzen aspiration technique without anaesthesia as outpatients and 80 by the Silverman technique under general anaesthesia. A reliable diagnosis was obtained in 82% of the former and 95% of the latter.
Self-deception vs. self-caused deception: A comment on Professor Mele
Authors: Robert Audi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Mele's study of philosophical and psychological theories of self-deception informatively links the conceptual and dynamic aspects of self-deception and explicates it without positing mutually inconsistent beliefs, such as those occurring in two-person deception. It is argued, however, that he does not do full justice to the dissociation characteristic of self-deception and does not sufficiently distinguish self-deception from self-caused deception.
Enhancement of Customary Dermoscopy Education With Spaced Education e-Learning
Authors: Amélie Boespflug, José Guerra, Stéphane Dalle, Luc Thomas
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Dermoscopy permits the detection of early-stage melanomas but is difficult to learn. It is important to develop effective teaching methods. Spaced education is a methodology within the field of adaptive learning that uses online tools to reinforce long-term retention.To determine whether a spaced education dermoscopy module improved dermoscopy skills in the continuing medical education setting and to evaluate participant satisfaction.We designed a prospective controlled study with 2 sequential cohorts of participants enrolled between September 2010 and September 2013, in the continuing medical education dermoscopy program of the Claude Bernard-Lyon 1 University in Lyon, France. Participants enrolled in this program were either certified dermatologists or senior dermatology residents. The control group (n = 95) comprised all participants enrolled during the 2 first years of the study (49 participants in the class of 2010, 46 in the class of 2011). The intervention group (n = 96) comprised all participants enrolled during the third and fourth years of the study (46 in the class of 2012; 50 in the class of 2013).All participants attended a 3-day lecture followed by small-group tutorials 4 months later. Each participant also attended a day of consultation with a dermoscopy specialist. In addition, participants in the intervention group were enrolled in an e-learning spaced education dermoscopy program.The main outcome measure was mean participant scores at the posttest evaluation, which was conducted 4 months after course enrollment.The intervention group had better results at the posttest, with a mean (SD) score (out of a possible 160.0 points) of 148.1 (5.8) (n = 82 participants) vs 145.7 (7.7) (n = 90 participants) in the control group (P = .02). Ninety-two percent of the participants (80 of 87) were extremely or very satisfied with the e-learning module. Participant engagement was high, with an average of 85% of participants (80 of 94) "on track" at any given time of the year.Our study shows that, in the context of continuing medical education, a spaced education Internet dermoscopy module combined with in-class training increases participant performances in dermoscopy. It is easy to use and adaptable to professional working schedules.
The Cutter Incident: How America's First Polio Vaccine Led to the Growing Vaccine Crisis
Authors: Jonathan R Carapetis
Journal: BMJ (2006)

W hen I lecture medical students on immunisation, I explain that the antivaccine lobby contains few elderly people because most of them have lived through epidemics of vaccine preventable diseases such as polio or diphtheria. They have seen the devastation that these diseases can cause, and also seen them controlled by immunisation. After reading The Cutter Incident , I marvelled that most older people have maintained their confidence in immunisation despite also living through a massive and highly publicised disaster that left many crippled, and some dead, as a result of vaccine-induced polio.

Author Paul Offit, a prominent US infectious diseases physician and vaccinologist, has traced the origins of today's “vaccine crisis” to an incident during the 1950s in which thousands of people received polio vaccine containing live polio virus. Offit describes the development of polio vaccine, from trials of early vaccines through to the appearance on the scene of Jonas Salk.

In 1951 Salk …
Vertebral compression fractures and mineral metabolism in chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: J A Riancho, J Gonzalez Macias, C Del Arco, J A Amado, J Freijanes, M A Anton
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Chronic obstructive lung disease has been reported as a cause of osteoporosis, though whether this association is due to the disease itself or to corticosteroid treatment has not been elucidated. We studied 44 male patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (mean (SD) FEV1 39% (14%) of predicted normal) who were not having long term corticosteroids. No differences in a vertebral deformity score or in metacarpal index were found between them and a control group of similar age. Indices of bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and bone resorption (urinary hydroxyproline) were normal and parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were also normal. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was decreased, indicating depleted vitamin D. Calcitonin concentrations were higher in the patient than in the control group of the same age. There was no increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease who had not received long term corticosteroid treatment. Increased concentrations of calcitonin may protect the skeleton from the detrimental effect of hypovitaminosis D.
ALS-Linked SOD1 Mutant G85R Mediates Damage to Astrocytes and Promotes Rapidly Progressive Disease with SOD1-Containing Inclusions
Authors: L.I. Bruijn, M.W. Becher, M.K. Lee, K.L. Anderson, N.A. Jenkins, N.G. Copeland, S.S. Sisodia, J.D. Rothstein, D.R. Borchelt, D.L. Price, D.W. Cleveland
Journal: Neuron (1997)

High levels of familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)-linked SOD1 mutants G93A and G37R were previously shown to mediate disease in mice through an acquired toxic property. We report here that even low levels of another mutant, G85R, cause motor neuron disease characterized by an extremely rapid clinical progression, without changes in SOD1 activity. Initial indicators of disease are astrocytic inclusions that stain intensely with SOD1 antibodies and ubiquitin and SOD1-containing aggregates in motor neurons, features common with some cases of SOD1 mutant- mediated ALS. Astrocytic inclusions escalate markedly as disease progresses, concomitant with a decrease in the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1). Thus, the G85R SOD1 mutant mediates direct damage to astrocytes, which may promote the nearly synchronous degeneration of motor neurons.
Glucose utilization in a patient with hepatoma and hypoglycemia. Assessment by a positron emission tomography.
Authors: R C Eastman, R E Carson, D G Orloff, C S Cochran, J F Perdue, M M Rechler, F Lanau, C T Roberts, J Shapiro, J Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Tumor glucose use in patients with non-islet-cell tumors has been difficult to measure, particularly in hepatoma, because of hepatic involvement by neoplasm. We studied a patient with nonhepatic recurrence of hepatoma after successful liver transplantation. Tumor tissue contained messenger RNA for insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II), and circulating high molecular weight components and E-peptide of IGF-II were increased. Glucose use measured by isotope dilution with [3-3H]glucose was 7.94 mg/kg fat-free mass per min, and splanchnic glucose production was 0.93 mg/kg fat-free mass per min. Glucose uptake and glucose model parameters were independently measured in tissues by positron emission tomography with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Glucose uptake by heart muscle, liver, skeletal muscle, and neoplasm accounted for 0.8, 14, 44, and 15% of total glucose use, respectively. Model parameters in liver and neoplasm were not significantly different, and glucose transport and phosphorylation were twofold and fourfold greater than in muscle. This suggests that circulating IGF-II-like proteins are partial insulin agonists, and that hypoglycemia in hepatoma with IGF-II production is predominantly due to glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and suppression of glucose production.
Adipocyte iron regulates adiponectin and insulin sensitivity
Authors: J. Scott Gabrielsen, Yan Gao, Judith A. Simcox, Jingyu Huang, David Thorup, Deborah Jones, Robert C. Cooksey, David Gabrielsen, Ted D. Adams, Steven C. Hunt, Paul N. Hopkins, William T. Cefalu, Donald A. McClain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Iron overload is associated with increased diabetes risk. We therefore investigated the effect of iron on adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine that is decreased in diabetic patients. In humans, normal-range serum ferritin levels were inversely associated with adiponectin, independent of inflammation. Ferritin was increased and adiponectin was decreased in type 2 diabetic and in obese diabetic subjects compared with those in equally obese individuals without metabolic syndrome. Mice fed a high-iron diet and cultured adipocytes treated with iron exhibited decreased adiponectin mRNA and protein. We found that iron negatively regulated adiponectin transcription via FOXO1-mediated repression. Further, loss of the adipocyte iron export channel, ferroportin, in mice resulted in adipocyte iron loading, decreased adiponectin, and insulin resistance. Conversely, organismal iron overload and increased adipocyte ferroportin expression because of hemochromatosis are associated with decreased adipocyte iron, increased adiponectin, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity. Phlebotomy of humans with impaired glucose tolerance and ferritin values in the highest quartile of normal increased adiponectin and improved glucose tolerance. These findings demonstrate a causal role for iron as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and a role for adipocytes in modulating metabolism through adiponectin in response to iron stores.
Phase II, Randomized Trial Comparing Bevacizumab Plus Fluorouracil (FU)/Leucovorin (LV) With FU/LV Alone in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Fairooz Kabbinavar, Herbert I. Hurwitz, Louis Fehrenbacher, Neal J. Meropol, William F. Novotny, Grazyna Lieberman, Susan Griffing, Emily Bergsland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

This phase II trial investigated the safety and efficacy of two doses of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, plus fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) versus FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.One hundred four previously untreated patients with measurable metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned to one of the following three treatment groups: 36 to FU (500 mg/m(2))/LV (500 mg/m(2)) alone, 35 to FU/LV + low-dose bevacizumab (5 mg/kg every 2 weeks), and 33 to FU/LV + high-dose bevacizumab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks). FU/LV was given weekly for the first 6 weeks of each 8-week cycle.Compared with the FU/LV control arm, treatment with bevacizumab (at both dose levels) plus FU/LV resulted in higher response rates (control arm, 17%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 7% to 34%; low-dose arm, 40%, 95% CI, 24% to 58%; high-dose arm, 24%, 95% CI, 12% to 43%), longer median time to disease progression (control arm, 5.2 months, 95% CI, 3.5 to 5.6 months; low-dose arm, 9.0 months, 95% CI, 5.8 to 10.9 months; high-dose arm, 7.2 months, 95% CI, 3.8 to 9.2 months), and longer median survival (control arm, 13.8 months; 95% CI, 9.1 to 23.0 months; low-dose arm, 21.5 months, 95% CI, 17.3 to undetermined; high-dose arm, 16.1 months; 95% CI, 11.0 to 20.7 months). After cross-over, two of 22 patients had a partial response to bevacizumab alone. Thrombosis was the most significant adverse event and was fatal in one patient. Hypertension, proteinuria, and epistaxis were other potential safety concerns.The encouraging results of this randomized trial support further study of bevacizumab 5 mg/kg plus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Four deaths and 350 adverse events lead to US recall of heparin
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Baxter Healthcare Corporation, which provides half the supply of heparin in the United States, recalled multidose vials of heparin sodium last month after four deaths and 350 reports of adverse events, 40% of which were serious.

More than one million multidose vials are sold each month in the US, and half of them are produced by Baxter, the US Food and Drug Administration said. The source of the heparin, which is made from pig intestines, was imported from China. The FDA said it had not inspected the Chinese plant that produced it.

The initial recall of heparin last month involved nine lots of multidose vials. Since then, Baxter has received reports of adverse reactions with other lots, the company said. Baxter and the FDA are investigating the problem.

A …