tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical News: New Perspectives
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Four score and seven years ago this week, in the<i>JAMA</i>issue dated March 18, 1899, a medical news department was introduced. It consisted of slightly more than a page of one-paragraph items, and the editors turned to Europe for their Chicago news, quoting a French (<i>Paris J Med</i>) account of a professor's suspension by "the Faculty of Medicine at Chicago... on account of the raised scalpels of the 30 female students who attended his lectures. They accuse him of indelicate language and the remark that 'woman is nothing but a dyspeptic owl.' "<sup>1</sup> As the news section begins its 88th year with this issue ofThe JOURNAL, many readers—while intellectually devouring everything preceding these editorials—may have noticed a change. Effective immediately, the news section at the front ofThe Journalwill be labeled "MEDICAL NEWS AND PERSPECTIVES." The reason for the addition of "Perspectives" to the title is that
Epidemiological Problems Associated With Studies of the Safety of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Daniel Seigel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Most segments of American society agree that excessive and disproportionate population growth is a social, economic, and health threat, and there is a consensus, reflected in the stated policy of the federal government<sup>1</sup>that every family should have easy access to family planning information and services so that each may make an intelligent and uninhibited choice concerning the number of children desired. This consensus has increased the need for family planning services and efforts to develop improved techniques of contraception. New methods have been developed because the old ones are not suitable for all populations. It is difficult for a single method to satisfy all the criteria of the ideal contraceptive: efficacy, safety, reversibility, low cost, simplicity, and acceptability. Advances in reproductive biology supported and conducted by private foundations, industry, and the government have resulted in several unique and effective techniques in the last decade, the most noteworthy being oral
Targeting mitochondrial factor Smac/DIABLO as therapy for multiple myeloma (MM)
Authors: Dharminder Chauhan, Paola Neri, Mugdha Velankar, Klaus Podar, Teru Hideshima, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Noopur Raje, Constantine Mitsiades, Nicholas Mitsiades, Paul Richardson, Leigh Zawel, Mary Tran, Nikhil Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2006)
Leslie Ernest Hughes
Authors: B. R. Hughes, D. Webster
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Leslie Ernest Hughes (“Les”) was a quiet, self effacing man, whose integrity and deep Christian belief informed his work. He made an indelible impression on those who worked with and for him. His modesty sometimes led to a lack of appreciation of his talents by his colleagues. His wide influence is apparent in the many other professors, both in the United Kingdom and abroad—especially in Australia and India—who owe much to his guidance during their time in his department.

Les was the fifth of eight children born to Charles and Dorothy Hughes in Parramatta, New South Wales. His father was a tailor and always told his children what a tough childhood he’d had. After finishing at Parramatta high school Les gained a place to study agricultural science at Sydney University as his wish was to farm. However, his older brother Walter, a medical student, persuaded him that medicine was a better option and he transferred in his second year. He graduated in 1954 and married Marian Castle, a fellow medical graduate.

After a surgical registrar post at Concorde Hospital, Sydney, he moved to the UK and worked initially at Derby City Hospital and then West Middlesex Hospital. During these clinical posts he gained his love of surgery—and was never more happy than when taking responsibility for all the surgical cases in the hospital and operating through the night. During the holidays he explored Europe and particularly enjoyed travelling extensively through eastern Europe in a campervan with Marian. In 1962 he was appointed cancer research fellow at King’s College Hospital and developed his research interest. By chance he met Dame Cicely Saunders, the founder of the hospice movement, and helped her with some studies. It was fitting that he was able to benefit from hospice care at the end of …
ABC of resuscitation. Post resuscitation care.
Authors: A D Redmond
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Successful resuscitationArrest was witnessed Underlying arrhythmia was ventricular fibrillation Successful cardioversion achieved in 2-3 minutes and not longer than 8 minutes When defibrillation was delayed for longer than 2-3 minutes cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started and maintained Failure ofreperi Vasospasm Cerebral oedema iMicrothrombi and a"sludgig"' * Restore spontaneous cardiac output * Control pH, blood gases, and electrolytes * Electively ventilate
Salmeterol in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children: comparison of two doses
Authors: FM de Benedictis, G Tuteri, P Pazzelli, A Niccoli, D Mezzetti, R Vaccaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Since the optimal dose of salmeterol in asthmatic children has not yet been clearly defined, we compared the efficacy and duration of the protective effect of two doses of salmeterol (25 and 50 micrograms) against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Twelve children (aged 7-14 yrs) with asthma were studied in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled design. On three separate days, exercise tests were performed 1 h and 12 h after administration of the drug. Pulmonary function measurements were performed before drug inhalation, before every exercise test and 1, 5, 10, 15 and 30 min after the end of exercise. The response was expressed as maximal decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Both doses of salmeterol provided significant bronchodilation for up to 12 h, with no difference between them. Maximal exercise-induced decrease in FEV1 (% fall) 1 h after pretreatment was (mean +/- SD) 35 +/- 16, 10 +/- 10 and 4 +/- 3% for placebo, 25 and 50 micrograms salmeterol, respectively. At 12 h after pretreatment these values were 31 +/- 14, 19 +/- 12 and 15 +/- 13%, respectively. Individual protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction at 1 and 12 h did not vary between the dosages (p &lt; 0.05), even though the protection obtained by 25 micrograms at 12 h was no longer significant versus placebo. We conclude that 25 micrograms of inhaled salmeterol provides equally effective long-lasting bronchodilation and acute protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction as 50 micrograms, and may be a suitable dose for most asthmatic children.
Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting as Acute Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: G. Ffrench
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting as Acute Diabetes MellitusIn view of the manner in which the following case presented, ; it is felt that it may be of value as yet another form in which c polyarteritis nodosa may be encountered. CASE REPORTThe patient, a South Indian pipe-fitter aged 30, was admitted to hospital on December 17, 1951, having had fever and headache for three days.Three months previously he had been an in-patient for a disease that resembled enteric fever, and his serum at that time gave a Widal reaction of in 250 to Bact.typhosum H.He had a continuous high temperature for 20 days, but with relative brady- cardia and a palpable spleen.He was discharged after five weeks.The only medicine received was aspirin in small amounts.On examination his temperature was 102' F. (38.9'C.), pulse 110, respirations 28; no physical signs were found.Total white cells were 10,000 (74% polymorphs, 16% lymphocytes, 8% monocytes, 1 % eosinophils, I % basophils).No malaria parasites were seen.The Widal reaction was negative.His temperature fell to normal at the end of 72 hours, and he was symptomless; he had been given aspirin, 5 gr. (0.32 g.) thrice daily, and Dover's powder, 15 gr. (1g.) at night, for three days.Early on the sixth morning he complained of severe pain in the left abdomen, lateral to the umbilicus ; there was deep tenderness in this area and the abdomen was soft.He was
Isolation of a Treponema pallidum gene encoding immunodominant outer envelope protein P6, which reacts with sera from patients at different stages of syphilis.
Authors: K M Peterson, J B Baseman, J F Alderete
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

A phage directing the synthesis of an abundant 45-kD Treponema pallidum surface protein was isolated from an EMBL-4 bacteriophage lambda library of T. pallidum DNA. The recombinant phage was identified using an mAb that was directed toward an immunodominant, outer envelope T. pallidum protein designated P6. The recombinant P6 protein possessed the same mol mass as the native treponemal antigen detected from total T. pallidum protein preparations, confirming the cloning of the structural gene for this molecule. Furthermore, E. coli was transformed by a 4.5-kb Eco RI lambda insert fragment subcloned into the plasmid vector pUC19. These transformed cells expressed and translocated the 45-kD protein to their outer membranes. Finally, all sera from patients with different stages of syphilis (primary, secondary, and latent) contained antibody reactive to this protein.
Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro with a monoclonal antibody recognizing a myeloid differentiation antigen allows normal progenitor cells to be expressed.
Authors: I D Bernstein, J W Singer, R G Andrews, A Keating, J S Powell, B H Bjornson, J Cuttner, V Najfeld, G Reaman, W Raskind
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Monoclonal antibody L4F3 reacts with most acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and virtually all normal granulocyte/monocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-GM). Our objective was to determine whether lysis of AML cells with L4F3 and complement allowed expression of normal myeloid progenitors. The five glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) heterozygous patients with AML studied manifested only a single G6PD type in blast cells and in most or all granulocyte colony-forming cells, indicating that the leukemias developed clonally. The cells remaining after L4F3 treatment from two of the patients gave rise to granulocytic colonies that expressed the G6PD type not seen in the leukemic clone, indicating that they were derived from normal progenitors (CFU-GM). L4F3-treated cells from these two patients cultured over an irradiated adherent cell layer from normal long-term marrow cultures also gave rise to CFU-GM, which were shown by G6PD analysis to be predominantly nonleukemic. In the other three patients, the progenitor cells remaining after L4F3 treatment were derived mainly from the leukemic clone. The data suggest that in vitro cytolytic treatment with L4F3 of cells from certain patients with AML can enable normal, presumably highly immature progenitors to be expressed.
ADHERENCE TO ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS PREDICTS STATIN DISCONTINUATION AMONG OLDER U.S. ADULTS
Authors: Huifeng Yun, Elizabeth Delzell, Emily Levitan, Pradeep Sharma, Monika Safford, Vera Bittner, Todd Brown, John Booth, Meredith Kilgore, Michael Farkouh, Suma Vupputuri, Robert Rosenson, Paul Muntner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Earnings of General Practitioners
Authors: J. Winter
Journal: BMJ (1973)

14 years of age.She was admitted to this hos- pital at 38 weeks' gestation (before the onset of labour) with signs and symptoms suggestive of intra-abdominal haemorrhage.At laparotomy the upper end of the "classical" hysterotomy scar had ruptured completely and a portion of the underlying placenta was protruding through it.There was about 24 1. of fluid and clotted blood in the peritoneal cavity.Caesarian supravaginal hysterectomy was performed and both mother and child survived, but the former required blood transfusions totalling 3 1.
Preventing Vena Cava Compression
Authors: Donald N. Groff
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Many devices have been used to help prevent vena cava compression by the gravid uterus during cesarean section or delivery. Most are costly, clumsy, or invariant. Recently, I have used the thyroid pillow under the right hip. This is effective and available and is easily inserted, controlled, and deflated when the tilt is no longer needed.
Properties of HPMA copolymer–doxorubicin conjugates with pH-controlled activation: Effect of polymer chain modification
Authors: Petr Chytil, Tomáš Etrych, Čestmír Koňák, Milada Šírová, Tomáš Mrkvan, Blanka Říhová, Karel Ulbrich
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Intestinal Gluconeogenesis Is a Key Factor for Early Metabolic Changes after Gastric Bypass but Not after Gastric Lap-Band in Mice
Authors: Stephanie Troy, Maud Soty, Lara Ribeiro, Laure Laval, Stéphanie Migrenne, Xavier Fioramonti, Bruno Pillot, Veronique Fauveau, Roberte Aubert, Benoit Viollet, Marc Foretz, Jocelyne Leclerc, Adeline Duchampt, Carine Zitoun, Bernard Thorens, Christophe Magnan, Gilles Mithieux, Fabrizio Andreelli
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence among a prospective cohort of female sex workers
Authors: K. Shannon, T Kerr, S A Strathdee, J Shoveller, J S Montaner, M W Tyndall
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To examine the prevalence and structural correlates of gender based violence against female sex workers in an environment of criminalised prostitution. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational study. <b>Setting</b> Vancouver, Canada during 2006-8. <b>Participants</b> Female sex workers 14 years of age or older (inclusive of transgender women) who used illicit drugs (excluding marijuana) and engaged in street level sex work. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Self reported gender based violence. <b>Results</b> Of 267 female sex workers invited to participate, 251 women returned to the study office and consented to participate (response rate of 94%). Analyses were based on 237 female sex workers who completed a baseline visit and at least one follow-up visit. Of these 237 female sex workers, 57% experienced gender based violence over an 18 month follow-up period. In multivariate models adjusted for individual and interpersonal risk practices, the following structural factors were independently correlated with violence against female sex workers: homelessness (adjusted odds ratio for physical violence (aOR<sub>physicalviolence</sub>) 2.14, 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 3.43; adjusted odds ratio for rape (aOR<sub>rape</sub>) 1.73, 1.09 to 3.12); inability to access drug treatment (adjusted odds ratio for client violence (aOR<sub>clientviolence</sub>) 2.13, 1.26 to 3.62; aOR<sub>physicalviolence</sub> 1.96, 1.03 to 3.43); servicing clients in cars or public spaces (aOR<sub>clientviolence</sub> 1.50, 1.08 to 2.57); prior assault by police (aOR<sub>clientviolence</sub> 3.45, 1.98 to 6.02; aOR<sub>rape</sub> 2.61, 1.32 to 5.16); confiscation of drug use paraphernalia by police without arrest (aOR<sub>physicalviolence</sub> 1.50, 1.02 to 2.41); and moving working areas away from main streets owing to policing (aOR<sub>clientviolence</sub> 2.13, 1.26 to 3.62). <b>Conclusions</b> Our results demonstrate an alarming prevalence of gender based violence against female sex workers. The structural factors of criminalisation, homelessness, and poor availability of drug treatment independently correlated with gender based violence against street based female sex workers. Socio-legal policy reforms, improved access to housing and drug treatment, and scale up of violence prevention efforts, including police-sex worker partnerships, will be crucial to stemming violence against female sex workers.
Galileo's Revenge: Junk Science in the Courtroom
Authors: Laurence R. Tancredi
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Doctors who have had the unpleasant experience of defending themselves against medical malpractice suits based on spurious scientific claims will readily identify with<i>Galileo's Revenge</i>. Peter Huber has produced a superb diatribe against the current legal system that allows plaintiffs' lawyers to trump up cases based on frivolous scientific grounds and to produce extraordinary awards. Although the major part of the book is devoted to individual cases in which bogus science marches forth to create cascades of truly absurd decisions, the first and last chapters and some sections in between address the role of legal theory in facilitating these developments. Huber sees the legal and economic theory of the 1960s and 1970s, most particularly the theory exemplified in Guido Calabresi's<i>The Cost of Accidents</i>, as central to the movement in the courts to admit unsubstantiated causation-packed scientific explanations. This theory holds that the primary purpose of liability "should be, above
Diagnostic Histopathology of Tumors
Authors: Christopher N. Otis
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Src homology-2 protein Shb modulates focal adhesion kinase signaling in a BCR-ABL myeloproliferative disorder causing accelerated progression of disease
Authors: Karin Gustafsson, Maria Jamalpour, Camilla Trinh, Michael G Kharas, Michael Welsh
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2014)

The Src homology-2 domain protein B (Shb) is an adapter protein operating downstream of several tyrosine kinase receptors and consequently Shb regulates various cellular responses. Absence of Shb was recently shown to reduce hematopoietic stem cell proliferation through activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and thus we sought to investigate Shb's role in the progression of leukemia. Wild type and Shb knockout bone marrow cells were transformed with a retroviral BCR-ABL construct and subsequently transplanted to wild type or Shb knockout recipients. Disease latency, bone marrow and peripheral blood cell characteristics, cytokine expression, signaling characteristics and colony formation were determined by flow cytometry, qPCR, western blotting and methylcellulose colony forming assays. It was observed that Shb knockout BCR-ABL-transformed bone marrow cells produced a disease with death occurring at earlier time points compared with corresponding wild type controls due to elevated proliferation of transformed bone marrow cells. Moreover, significantly elevated interleukin-6 and granulocyte colony-stimulation factor mRNA levels were observed in Shb knockout c-Kit + leukemic bone marrow cells providing a plausible explanation for the concurrent peripheral blood neutrophilia. Shb knockout leukemic bone marrow cells also showed increased ability to form colonies in methylcellulose devoid of cytokines that was dependent on the concomitantly observed increased activity of FAK. Transplanting BCR-ABL-transformed Shb knockout bone marrow cells to Shb knockout recipients revealed decreased disease latency without neutrophilia, thus implicating the importance of niche-derived cues for the increase of blood granulocytes. Absence of Shb accelerates disease progression by exerting dual roles in BCR-ABL-induced leukemia: increased cell expansion due to elevated FAK activity and neutrophilia in peripheral blood, the latter dependent on the genetic background of the leukemic niche.
Is Managed Care Here to Stay?
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Eli Ginzberg's predictions of the future of American medicine span more decades than do the careers of most physicians. Nearly 40 years ago he caused a great ruckus when he testified to a congressional committee that the plan to enlarge the physician work force was ill advised because it would create a surplus of physicians without necessarily improving the public's health.1,2 In the mid-1960s he called the rising per diem cost of hospitalization alarming and predicted that the increase in the number of physicians would accelerate the rise.3 Since then, many more of his predictions have proved correct. In . . .
Protein Kinase C Activates ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> Current in Human and Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Keli Hu, Dayue Duan, Gui-Rong Li, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract Mediators involved in ischemic preconditioning, such as adenosine and norepinephrine, can activate protein kinase C (PKC), and a variety of observations suggest that both PKC and ATP-sensitive K + current (I KATP ) play essential roles in ischemic preconditioning. PKC is therefore a candidate to link receptor binding to I KATP activation, but it has not been shown whether and how PKC can activate I KATP in the heart. The present study was designed to determine whether PKC can activate I KATP in rabbit and human ventricular myocytes. Under conditions designed to minimize Na + and Ca 2+ currents, dialysis of rabbit ventricular myocytes with pipette solutions containing reduced [ATP] elicited I KATP , with a 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 260 μmol/L. In cells that failed to show I KATP under control conditions, superfusion with 1 μmol/L phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (PDD) elicited I KATP in a fashion that depended on pipette [ATP], with an [ATP] EC 50 of 601 μmol/L. PDD-induced I KATP activation was concentration dependent, with an EC 50 of 7.1 nmol/L. The highly selective PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide totally prevented I KATP activation by PDD, and in blinded experiments, 1 μmol/L PDD elicited I KATP in eight of nine cells, whereas its non–PKC-stimulating analogue 4α-PDD failed to elicit I KATP in any of the five cells tested ( P =.003). Similar experiments were conducted in human ventricular myocytes and showed that 0.1 μmol/L PDD elicited I KATP at pipette [ATP] of 100 and 400 μmol/L (five of five cells at each concentration) but not at 1 mmol/L [ATP] (none of five cells). We conclude that PKC activates I KATP in rabbit and human ventricular myocytes by reducing channel sensitivity to intracellular ATP. This finding has potentially important implications for understanding the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning.