tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1319 DETECTION OF HEPATIC HIGHLY CARCINOGENIC, EXOCYCLIC ETHENO-DNA-ADDUCTS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC AND AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND IN CHILDREN WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEOPATITIS
Authors: H. Qin, U. Teufel, G. Engelmann, C. Flechtenmacher, T. Peccerella, G. Millonig, G. Hoffmann, S. Mueller, H.-K. Seitz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Serum level of immunoreactive gastrin: influence of kidney function.
Authors: R Hallgren, F A Karlsson, G Lundqvist
Journal: Gut (1978)

Serum gastrin levels have been studied in 70 patients with chronically reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as estimated by 51Cr-EDTA clearance, creatinine, and beta2-microglobulin values. A strong dependence upon GFR was found, although the correlation between gastrin levels and GFR was not as high as that between beta2-microglobulin and GFR, indicating the existence of extrarenal factors regulating the levels of circulating gastrin. In a separate group of 31 patients on maintenance dialysis the mean gastrin level was 65.9 pmol/l--that is, a fourfold increase compared to healthy subjects. Three of the uraemic patients had pronounced rises in serum gastrin in the range 800-1800 pmol/l. Finally, the influence of acute alterations of kidney function on serum gastrin was studied in 11 patients undergoing renal transplantation. In addition to a GFR dependence the results indicate the existence of feedback mechanisms in gastrin homeostasis. Although the clinical importance of the increased gastrin levels in renal failure is unknown, hypergastrinaemia occurs with sufficient frequency to be involved in upper gastrointestinal complications of uraemic patients.
A Th17- and Th2-skewed Cytokine Profile in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs Represents a Potential Risk Factor for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection
Authors: Kerstin Tiringer, Angela Treis, Petra Fucik, Mia Gona, Saskia Gruber, Sabine Renner, Eleonora Dehlink, Edith Nachbaur, Friedrich Horak, Peter Jaksch, Gerd Döring, Reto Crameri, Andreas Jung, Mascha K. Rochat, Marcus Hörmann, Andreas Spittler, Walter Klepetko, Cezmi A. Akdis, Zsolt Szépfalusi, Thomas Frischer, Thomas Eiwegger
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by progressive pulmonary inflammation that is infection-triggered. Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a risk factor for deterioration of lung function and reduced life expectancy.To assess T-cell cytokine/chemokine production in clinically stable children with CF and evaluate the association between T-cell subtypes and susceptibility for infection with P. aeruginosa.T-cell cytokine/chemokine profiles were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from children with CF (n = 57; 6.1 ± 5.9 yr) and non-CF control subjects (n = 18; 5.9 ± 4.3 yr). Memory responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and P. aeruginosa were monitored. High-resolution computed tomography-based Helbich score was assessed. In a prospective observational trial the association between BALF cytokine/chemokine profiles and subsequent infection with P. aeruginosa was studied.Th1- (INF-γ), Th2- (IL-5, IL-13), Th17- (IL-17A), and Th17-related cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) were significantly up-regulated in airways of patients with CF. IL-17A, IL-13, and IL-5 were significantly higher in BALF of symptomatic as compared with clinically asymptomatic patients with CF. IL-17A and IL-5 correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in BALF (r = 0.41, P < 0.05 and r = 0.46, P < 0.05, respectively). Th17- (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8) and Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines (IL-5, IL-13, TARC/CCL17), but not IFN-γ levels, significantly correlated with high-resolution computed tomography changes (Helbich score; P < 0.05). P. aeruginosa- and A. fumigatus-specific T cells from patients with CF displayed significantly higher IL-5 and IL-17A mRNA expression. IL-17A and TARC/CCL17 were significantly augmented in patients that developed P. aeruginosa infection within 24 months.We propose a role for Th17 and Th2 T cells in chronic inflammation in lungs of patients with CF. High concentrations of these cytokines/chemokines in CF airways precede infection with P. aeruginosa.
Elastic properties of the lung and the chest wall in young and adult healthy pigs
Authors: E. De Robertis, J.M. Liu, S. Blomquist, P.L. Dahm, J. Thörne, B. Jonson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Understanding of the elastic pressure/volume ( P el / V ) curve is still limited in health and disease. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the P el / V curve and elastance of the respiratory system ( E RS ) lung ( E L ) and chest wall ( E CW ) in healthy pigs. Six young (20.8 kg) and seven adult (58.9 kg), anaesthetized, paralysed and ventilated pigs were studied. P el / V curves were recorded at zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) and at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) up to 40 cmH 2 O with a computer controlled ventilator during an insufflation at a low, constant flow. P el / V curves of the respiratory system showed a complex pattern in both young and adult pigs. During the insufflation, E RS decreased, increased, fell, and increased again. A second P el / V curve recorded immediately after the first one showed lower elastance and only one early fall in E RS . E CW fell over the initial segment and was then nearly stable. Difference between 1st and 2nd curves reflected changes in E L caused by recruitment during the 1st insufflation. At PEEP, such signs of collapse and recruitment were reduced. A strong tendency to lung collapse contributes to a complex pattern of elastic pressure/volume curves. At low volumes and distending pressures the chest wall contributes significantly to changes in respiratory system elastance.
UK doctors urged to whistleblow
Authors: C. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Britain's Department of Health has urged doctors and nurses to speak out when they believe a colleague's behaviour could be endangering patients.

The call follows an inquiry into the case of Amanda Jenkinson, a nurse who was sentenced to five years in prison for causing grievous bodily harm to a patient in the intensive care unit at Bassetlaw Hospital, Nottinghamshire. Her appeal is pending.



More doctors would report colleagues if …
Abstract 3512: Novel DNA alkylating agent BO-1090 is a potential candidate for oral cavity cancer therapy
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv, Tsann-Long Su, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Human death from oral cancer is the 4th most common in male and over all 6th most common cause of cancer death in Taiwan. Surgery, radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy is the most common line of treatment for oral cavity cancer. Although cisplain, 5FU, Docetexal, Pinyangmycin etc are the common drugs being used in clinic, there is no any specific drug for oral cavity cancer. In that direction BO-1090 a newly synthesized alkylating agent has potential to be more specific drug for oral cancer based on its potent in vitro cytotoxicty to oral cancer cells, such are OECM-1, SAS, OC3 and CAL-27 in comparison to other cancer cell lines, including lung cancer H1299, prostate cancer cell PC3 and neuronal cell line U87. BO-1090 target DNA for its cytotoxic effects that have been confirmed by alkaline gel shift assay, BrdU based DNA synthesis inhibition assay, Comet assay and γH2x detection. BO-1090 has been tested for its therapeutic potential in SAS cell xenograft mouse. At a dose of 60 mg/Kg i.v five times, it significantly delays the tumor growth in comparison to the control group of mice. Its tumor efficacy in SAS cell xenograft is better than the cisplatin at dose of 4 mg/kg i.v three times. Based on these preliminary results it suggests that B0-1090 can be a useful drug either alone or in combination with other knows drugs in oral cavity cancer therapy. As to the modes of actions of BO-1090, here is activation of CHK-2 check point in response to DNA damage by BO-1090 as well as late activation of p53 and p21. The late activation of P53 may be due to DNA replication blocked by BO1090. During propidium iodide staining based cell cycle analysis, BO-1090 induces G1/ S phase arrest in SAS cell that further confirmed by BrdU incorporation based pulse chase experiment. G1/S phase arrest may be due to combined effects of CDC 25A degradation and activation of p53 and p21 in response to BO-1090 induced DNA damage. G1/S phase arrest in cell by BO-1090 is not a common feature of a DNA alkylating agent, most of DNA alkylating agent induce G2/M phase arrest. In Annexin V based apoptosis assay, our results show that BO-1090 induces apoptosis in SAS and OECM-1 cell by time and dose dependent manner through caspase dependent pathway. By using bioinformatic approach and preliminary experiments suggest that PIM-1 may be also one of its molecular targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3512.
Intrastriatal rAAV-mediated delivery of anti-huntingtin shRNAs induces partial reversal of disease progression in R6/1 Huntington's disease transgenic mice
Authors: Edgardo Rodriguez-Lebron, Eileen M. Denovan-Wright, Kevin Nash, Alfred S. Lewin, Ronald J. Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the presence of an abnormally expanded polyglutamine domain in the N-terminus of huntingtin. We developed a recombinant adeno-associated viral serotype 5 (rAAV5) gene transfer strategy to posttranscriptionally suppress the levels of striatal mutant huntingtin (mHtt) in the R6/1 HD transgenic mouse via RNA interference. Transient cotransfection of HEK293 cells with plasmids expressing a portion of human mHtt derived from R6/1 transgenic HD mice and a short-hairpin RNA directed against the 5' UTR of the mHtt mRNA (siHUNT-1) resulted in reduction in the levels of mHtt mRNA (-75%) and protein (-60%). Long-term in vivo rAAV5-mediated expression of siHUNT-1 in the striatum of R6/1 mice reduced the levels of mHtt mRNA (-78%) and protein (-28%) as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The reduction in mHtt was concomitant with a reduction in the size and number of neuronal intranuclear inclusions and a small but significant normalization of the steady-state levels of preproenkephalin and dopamine- and cAMP-responsive phosphoprotein 32 kDa mRNA. Finally, bilateral expression of rAAV5-siHUNT-1 resulted in delayed onset of the rear paw clasping phenotype exhibited by the R6/1 mice. These results suggest that a reduction in the levels of striatal mHtt can ameliorate the HD phenotype of R6/1 mice.
Cannabis Use, Abuse, and Dependence in a Population-Based Sample of Female Twins
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Carol A. Prescott
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

The rate of cannabis use by women has been increasing in recent decades. This study examined the etiology of cannabis use and abuse among women and the possible role of genetic risk factors.Unselected individual twins (N=1,934) from female-female pairs ascertained through a population-based registry, including both members of 485 monozygotic pairs and of 335 dizygotic pairs, were interviewed by telephone to assess lifetime cannabis use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence as defined by DSM-IV criteria. Biometric model fitting was performed with the Mx computer package.The prevalences of lifetime cannabis use, heavy use, abuse, and dependence were 47.9%, 6.7%, 7.2%, and 2.2%, respectively. Model fitting suggested that twins' resemblance for liability to cannabis use was due to both genetic and familial-environmental factors, while twins' resemblance for heavy cannabis use and abuse and symptoms of dependence resulted solely from genetic factors, with heritabilities ranging from 62% to 79%. The frequency of adolescent social contact between co-twins, which was greater among monozygotic than among dizygotic twins, predicted the twins' resemblance in cannabis use. However, further analyses suggested that the heritability of cannabis use was at most modestly inflated by such social factors.In women, genetic risk factors have a moderate impact on the probability of ever using cannabis and a strong impact on the liability to heavy use, abuse, and, probably, dependence. By contrast, the family and social environment substantially influences risk of ever using cannabis but plays little role in the probability of developing heavy cannabis use or abuse.
Der p 1 suppresses indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in dendritic cells from house dust mite–sensitive patients with asthma
Authors: Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, Valla Wamanuttajinda, Kanda Kasetsinsombat, Sukit Huabprasert, Metha Yaikwawong, Peter J. Barnes, Adisak Wongkajornsilp
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology
Authors: J D Wood, D H Alpers, P L R Andrews
Journal: Gut (1999)

Current concepts and basic principles of neurogastroenterology in relation to functional gastrointestinal disorders are reviewed. Neurogastroenterology is emphasized as a new and advancing subspecialty of clinical gastroenterology and digestive science. As such, it embraces the investigative sciences dealing with functions, malfunctions, and malformations in the brain and spinal cord, and the sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric divisions of the autonomic innervation of the digestive tract. Somatomotor systems are included insofar as pharyngeal phases of swallowing and pelvic floor involvement in defecation, continence, and pelvic pain are concerned. Inclusion of basic physiology of smooth muscle, mucosal epithelium, and the enteric immune system in the neurogastroenterologic domain relates to requirements for compatibility with neural control mechanisms. Psychologic and psychiatric relations to functional gastrointestinal disorders are included because they are significant components of neurogastroenterology, especially in relation to projections of discomfort and pain to the digestive tract.
Asthma: an inflammatory mediator soup
Authors: U. S. Björnsdottir, D. M. Cypcar
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Reversible or partially reversible airway obstruction, inflammation, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli are the defining characteristics of asthma. Airway obstruction in asthma is a compiex event that is due to bronchospasm, inflammation, and mucus formation. Inflammation has assumed a more central role in the pathogenesis of the disease, as it contributes not only to airflow obstruction, but also to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The inciting trigger, or inhaled allergen, in asthma induces the activation of mast cells and macrophages with the subsequent release of several proinflammatory mediators, including leukotrienes, chemotactic factors, and cytokines. Antigen processed by macrophages is presented to undifferentiated T helper cells, inducing differentiation to the Th2 phenotype, with the subsequent release of IL‐4 and IL‐5, causing IgE synthesis and eosinophil infiltration, respectively. Macrophage‐derived cytokines, such as IL‐1, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ, activate endothelial cells, upregulating the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1, which permit egression of leukocytes from the vasculature to the airway mucosa. Several inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils, mast cells, and macrophages, not only cause airway damage, but also synthesize cytokines that perpetuate the inflammatory process. This complex interplay of inflammatory cells and mediators causes the classic histopathophysiologic features in the airways of both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with asthma, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and antiinflammatory treatment.
The Medical Basis of Psychiatry
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is an unusual and an unusually interesting book. It is based on the premise that "Psychiatric illness is a medical illness with major emotional and behavioral aspects." As such, the major psychiatric disorders are first defined and then their epidemiology, signs and symptoms, etiology, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are described. The editors employ the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual</i>of the American Psychiatric Association as the basis for their classifications and definitions of psychiatric illness and their order of presentation. The descriptions of the individual illnesses are extremely well done, with extensive documentation from sources largely published within the last 15 years; indeed, in one chapter of 27 text pages there are 15 pages of apt and current citations. Biologic and genetic causations are invoked where the current evidence is available and valid; social forces are not neglected, again documented by citation of carefully planned and executed case-control series.
Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial — Corrections
Authors: Thomas Moritz, William Duckworth, Carlos Abraira
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: The Supplementary Appendix in which we provided additional information related to our article (Jan. 8 issue)1 contains some errors. In both Appendix 1 and Appendix 2, the heading “6 Year Event Rate” should have read “6-Year Event-free Rate.” We thank the reader who detected this error. In addition, on further examination of the data on albuminuria from the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial, we found that the data set that we used to evaluate the progression of disease was constructed improperly. As a result, the rates of progression to microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were reported in Table 3 of . . .
Boxing Should be Modified
Authors: B. L. A. Hemachandra
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1975)

At one time, deviant behaviour in boxers was attributed to their aggressive personalities rather than to repetitive minor brain damage, but this view is changing, following work by such as H. S. Martland and N. Corsellis.I have reliable information of a Sri Lankan boxer who tried to murder his wife and is now certified insane.Floyd Patterson was admitted to hospital concussed after his defeat by Sonny Liston; Benny Kid Paraet died in coma after a knock-out by Emil Griffiths; Carmino Vingo had to retire with permanent brain damage after defeat by Rocky Marciano.Partly as a result of these severe injuries in PROFESSIONAL boxing, the very different AMATEUR sport is becoming much less popular all over the world, and is far less popular in Sri Lankan schools.Boxing, however, is still a most popular sport from the spectators' viewpoint, and is a sport that attracts a great deal of money throughout most of the world.It is one of the few ways open to boys from a poor background, especially in the U.S.A., Cuba and parts of Africa with a large population of African descent, to find a way of making a successful career.It would therefore be tragic if this type of activity were to cease.
Informed Consent and Clinician Accountability: The Ethics of Report Cards on Surgeon Performance
Authors: Thomas R. McLean
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Simian virus 40 sequences in blood specimens from healthy individuals of Casale Monferrato, an industrial town with a history of asbestos pollution
Authors: Cecilia Pancaldi, Veronica Balatti, Roberto Guaschino, Francesca Vaniglia, Alfredo Corallini, Fernanda Martini, Luciano Mutti, Mauro Tognon
Journal: Journal of Infection (2008)
Rate of undesirable events at beginning of academic year: retrospective cohort study
Authors: G. Haller, P. S Myles, P. Taffe, T. V Perneger, C. L Wu
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective </b>To determine whether an increase in the rate of undesirable events occurs after care provided by trainees at the beginning of the academic year. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study using administrative and patient record data. <b>Setting </b>University affiliated hospital in Melbourne, Australia. <b>Participants </b>19 560 patients having an anaesthetic procedure carried out by first to fifth year trainees starting work for the first time at the hospital over a period of five years (1995-2000). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Absolute event rates, absolute rate reduction, and rate ratios of undesirable events. <b>Results </b>The rate of undesirable events was higher at the beginning of the academic year compared with the rest of the year (absolute event rate 137 <i>v</i> 107 per 1000 patient hours, relative rate reduction 28%, P&lt;0.001). The overall adjusted rate ratio for undesirable events was 1.40, 95% confidence interval 1.24 to 1.58. This excess risk was seen for all residents, regardless of their level of seniority. The excess risk decreased progressively after the first month, and the trend disappeared fully after the fourth month of the year (rate ratio for fourth month 1.21, 0.93 to 1.57). The most important decreases were for central and peripheral nerve injuries (relative difference 82%), inadequate oxygenation of the patient (66%), vomiting/aspiration in theatre (53%), and technical failures of tracheal tube placement (49%). <b>Conclusions </b>The rate of undesirable events was greater among trainees at the beginning of the academic year regardless of their level of clinical experience. This suggests that several additional factors, such as knowledge of the working environment, teamwork, and communication, may contribute to the increase.
Women in Medicine
Authors: Richard C. Cabot
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal