tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of intracoronary stenting on intimal dissection after balloon angioplasty: Results of quantitative and qualitative coronary analysis
Authors: David L. Fischman, Michael P. Savage, Martin B. Leon, Richard A. Schatz, Stephen G. Ellis, Michael W. Cleman, Paul Teirstein, Craig M. Walker, Steven Bailey, John W. Hirshfeld, Sheldon Goldberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
TNF ?-induced ras activation due to ethanol promotes hepatocyte proliferation independently of liver injury in the mouse
Authors: Fuyumi Isayama, Matthias Froh, Ming Yin, Lars O. Conzelmann, Richard J. Milton, Stephen E. McKim, Michael D. Wheeler
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been shown to be both proapoptotic and mitogenic for hepatocytes and necessary for alcohol-induced liver injury. Ras, a known proto-oncogene, is very important in the regulation of cellular responses to TNFalpha. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Ras in alcohol-induced pathogenesis. Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed ethanol or high-fat control diet via intragastric cannulation for 4 weeks. Ras activity was increased significantly after 4 weeks of ethanol and correlated with an increase in pathologic features. However, in mice deficient in the receptor-type 1 for TNFalpha (TNFR1(-/-)), ethanol-induced liver injury and the increase in Ras activity were significantly blunted compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that H-, K-, and R-Ras isoforms were increased after ethanol exposure in wild-type mice. In TNFR1(-/-) mice, R-Ras activity remained elevated by ethanol, whereas H-Ras and K-Ras activity was blunted significantly under these conditions. Interestingly, hepatocellular proliferation, which was elevated approximately fivefold after 4 weeks of chronic ethanol in wild-type mice, was also blunted in TNFR1(-/-) mice given ethanol. Inhibition of Ras with adenovirus containing a dominant-negative Ras had no effect on ethanol-induced liver injury, but significantly blunted ethanol-induced hepatocyte proliferation by more than 50%. Overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase using recombinant adenovirus blunted lipid peroxidation and attenuated hepatic injury resulting from ethanol, but had no effect on Ras activation and hepatocyte proliferation caused by ethanol. In conclusion, these data support the hypotheses that hepatocellular oxidative stress leads to cell death and that TNFalpha-induced Ras activation is important in hepatic proliferation in response to ethanol-induced liver injury.
Hippo-Independent Activation of YAP by the GNAQ Uveal Melanoma Oncogene through a Trio-Regulated Rho GTPase Signaling Circuitry
Authors: Xiaodong Feng, Maria Sol Degese, Ramiro Iglesias-Bartolome, Jose P. Vaque, Alfredo A. Molinolo, Murilo Rodrigues, M. Raza Zaidi, Bruce R. Ksander, Glenn Merlino, Akrit Sodhi, Qianming Chen, J. Silvio Gutkind
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
The Mechanism of Activation of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase in Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: John C. Khoo, Alegria A. Aquino, Daniel Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A partially purified hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase of human adipose tissue was found to be activated twofold by the addition of cyclic 3',5'-AMP, ATP, and magnesium ions. Lipase activities against diolein and monoolein were not affected. Addition of protein kinase inhibitor at zero time completely inhibited activation, and this inhibition was prevented by prior addition of an excess of exogenous protein kinase (from rabbit skeletal muscle). Addition of protein kinase inhibitor during the activation step blocked the activation process without a time lag, suggesting that protein kinase operates directly on hormone-sensitive lipase. Further purification yielded a fraction free of protein kinase, and lipase activation in this fraction depended absolutely on addition of exogenous kinase. Incubation of human fat with epinephrine or isoproterenol stimulated lipolysis and caused conversion of nonactivated hormone-sensitive lipase to its activated form, as indicated by a decrease in the activation subsequently obtainable in fractions prepared from such hormone-treated tissues. These findings strongly suggest that the stimulation of lipolysis by hormonal treatment is the consequence of the activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase by cyclic 3',5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase.
PREDICTORS OF AORTIC ROOT INJURY DURING BALLOON–EXPANDABLE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Marco Barbanti, Tae–Hyun Yang, John Webb, Corrado Tamburino, Hasan Jilaihawi, Raj Makkar, Susheel Kodali, Azeem Latib, Antonio Colombo, Giuseppe Tarantini, Rekha Raju, Ronald Binder, Giang Nguyen, Melanie Freeman, Josep Rodes Cabau, Samir Kapadia, James Min, Gudrun Feuchtner, Ronen Gurvitch, Faisal Alqoofi, Marc Pelletier, Massimo Napodano, David Wood, Martin Leon, Jonathon Leipsic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 573: 18alpha- glycyrrhetinic acid (AGA) inhibits advanced prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by downregulating inflammation-related cytokine growth factor genes
Authors: Gnanasekar Munirathinam, Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, John Eric Olesen, Thirugnanam Sivasakthivel, Guoxing Zheng, Aoshuang Chen, Maarten Bosland, André Kajdacsy-Balla, Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Glycyrrhetinic acid is an active triterpenoid metabolite of glycyrrhizin abundantly present in licorice roots. Glycyrrhetinic acid exists as alpha and beta stereo-isomeric forms. Both stereo-isomeric forms are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. However, the effects and anti-cancer mechanism of alpha glycyrrhetinic acid in prostate cancer cells is not yet evaluated. Therefore in this study, we have investigated the growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis and the anti-cancer mechanisms of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid (AGA) on androgen independent metastatic prostate cell line DU-145. Our results showed that AGA inhibited proliferation and growth of these cells in a time and dose dependent manner. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Further analysis showed that AGA treatment activated caspase- 8 and −3 death related enzymes in DU-145 cells. Interestingly, AGA treatment also simultaneously down regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokine/growth factor genes HMGB1, IL-6 and IL-8. This is the first report demonstrating that AGA could play a dual role as an inducer of apoptosis and suppressor of pro-inflammatory gene expression in DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 573.
Economic evaluation alongside randomised controlled trials: design, conduct, analysis, and reporting
Authors: S. Petrou, A. Gray
Journal: BMJ (2011)

3][4][5] Randomised controlled trials are commonly used as a vehicle for economic evaluations.Indeed, many funders, such as the UK National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme, routinely request that assessments of cost effectiveness are incorporated in the design of randomised trials.This article outlines some of the key issues concerning the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of economic evaluations based on trials with individual patient data.Economic evaluations that synthesise data from disparate sources using decision analytical models (typically using summary rather than individual patient data) are discussed in an accompanying article.
Integration-deficient Lentiviral Vectors Expressing Codon-optimized R338L Human FIX Restore Normal Hemostasis in Hemophilia B Mice
Authors: Thipparat Suwanmanee, Genlin Hu, Tong Gui, Cynthia C Bartholomae, Ina Kutschera, Christof von Kalle, Manfred Schmidt, Paul E Monahan, Tal Kafri
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Integration-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) have been shown to transduce a wide spectrum of target cells and organs in vitro and in vivo and to maintain long-term transgene expression in nondividing cells. However, epigenetic silencing of episomal vector genomes reduces IDLV transgene expression levels and renders these safe vectors less efficient. In this article, we describe for the first time a complete correction of factor IX (FIX) deficiency in hemophilia B mice by IDLVs carrying a novel, highly potent human FIX cDNA. A 50-fold increase in human FIX cDNA potency was achieved by combining two mechanistically independent yet synergistic strategies: (i) optimization of the human FIX cDNA codon usage to increase human FIX protein production per vector genome and (ii) generation of a highly catalytic mutant human FIX protein in which the arginine residue at position 338 was substituted with leucine. The enhanced human FIX activity was not associated with liver damage or with the formation of human FIX-directed inhibitory antibodies and rendered IDLV-treated FIX-knockout mice resistant to a challenging tail-clipping assay. A novel S1 nuclease-based B1-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay showed low levels of IDLV integration in mouse liver. Overall, this study demonstrates that IDLVs carrying an improved human FIX cDNA safely and efficiently cure hemophilia B in a mouse model. Integration-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) have been shown to transduce a wide spectrum of target cells and organs in vitro and in vivo and to maintain long-term transgene expression in nondividing cells. However, epigenetic silencing of episomal vector genomes reduces IDLV transgene expression levels and renders these safe vectors less efficient. In this article, we describe for the first time a complete correction of factor IX (FIX) deficiency in hemophilia B mice by IDLVs carrying a novel, highly potent human FIX cDNA. A 50-fold increase in human FIX cDNA potency was achieved by combining two mechanistically independent yet synergistic strategies: (i) optimization of the human FIX cDNA codon usage to increase human FIX protein production per vector genome and (ii) generation of a highly catalytic mutant human FIX protein in which the arginine residue at position 338 was substituted with leucine. The enhanced human FIX activity was not associated with liver damage or with the formation of human FIX-directed inhibitory antibodies and rendered IDLV-treated FIX-knockout mice resistant to a challenging tail-clipping assay. A novel S1 nuclease-based B1-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay showed low levels of IDLV integration in mouse liver. Overall, this study demonstrates that IDLVs carrying an improved human FIX cDNA safely and efficiently cure hemophilia B in a mouse model.
Criticism of US fetal pain study escalates
Authors: Norra MacReady
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A study on fetal pain has raised questions about the way journals investigate potential conflicts of interest after it was exposed that one of the authors had worked for a pro-choice organisation and a second had ties to a clinic that offers abortions.

In the study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (2005;24: 947-54), five authors at the University of California, San Francisco, concluded that a fetus …
Two unusual cases of argyria: the application of an improved tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis of selenium and sulphur in silver-laden granules
Authors: None SATO, None SUEKI, None NISHIJIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Using a simplified tissue processing method for X-ray microanalysis, we have characterized the elemental composition of silver-laden granules deposited in the skin of two patients with argyria. The introduction of ethanol as a fixative and nylon mesh as a supporting grid, and the avoidance of electron staining, have facilitated the minimization of unwanted microanalytical emission peaks generated from conventional chemicals and metals, which often disturb precise clarification of elements of pathological interest in argyria. The two main X-ray microanalytical findings in this study were: (i) the consistent presence of sulphur and the inconsistent occurrence of selenium in the silver-laden granules, and (ii) successful mapping of the distribution of trace amounts of selenium present in argyria. The simplified tissue processing method could be useful in future critical X-ray microanalysis studies.
Response to Letter Regarding Article “Role of Extracellular RNA in Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation in Mice”
Authors: Sakine Simsekyilmaz, Hector A. Cabrera-Fuentes, Svenja Meiler, Sawa Kostin, Yvonne Baumer, Elisa A. Liehn, Christian Weber, William A. Boisvert, Klaus T. Preissner, Alma Zernecke
Journal: Circulation (2014)
THE THERAPEUTICS OF TETANUS
Authors: HERMANN B. GESSNER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The measure of the value of therapeutic methods must necessarily be the clinical results. Too often conclusions relative to these results are hastily formed on the basis of a small number of cases. This is especially true of tetanus.  In order to form a just estimate of the relative value of the several methods of treatment of this disease in civil practice, I have studied 427 case reports from the records of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana located in New Orleans. From among these cases, recorded in the years from 1906 to 1918, I have eliminated twenty-five cases of tetanus neonatorum, believing that the several factors affecting these cases, such as birth trauma, nutrition and syphilis, would make it difficult for me to arrive at just conclusions regarding the special therapeutics of tetanus. Thirty-four cases were eliminated because of incomplete data or because the diagnosis seemed not sufficiently well established.
1013-120 Validation of criteria for noncompacted myocardium in dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular, and hypertensive heart disease
Authors: Barbara S Frischknecht, Christine H Attenhofer, Jost Erwin, N Oechslin, Burkart Seifert, Philipp Hoigné, Malgorzata Roos, Rolf Jenni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Macrophage development from HSCs requires PU.1-coordinated microRNA expression
Authors: Saeed Ghani, Pia Riemke, Jörg Schönheit, Dido Lenze, Jürgen Stumm, Maarten Hoogenkamp, Anne Lagendijk, Sven Heinz, Constanze Bonifer, Jeroen Bakkers, Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried, Michael Hummel, Frank Rosenbauer
Journal: Blood (2011)
Microbes and cancer
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

We prospectively investigated the ideal imaging time to measure vascular uptake after injection of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 17 patients with atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm underwent dynamic abdominal PET/CT using 2-min frames between 45 and 53, 57 and 65, 115 and 123, and 175 and 183 min after injection of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG. For each period of dynamic imaging, vessel wall and lumen uptake were measured using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub>) and target-to-background ratio (TBR). <b>Results:</b> No significant difference in TBR across all time points (repeated measures ANOVA, <i>P</i> = 0.206) was observed, despite a significant difference in aortic wall and lumen uptake with time (repeated measures ANOVA, <i>P</i> = 0.02 and <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference between aortic wall uptake at 60 min (SUV<sub>max</sub>, 2.15 ± 0.11 SE) and 180 min (SUV<sub>max</sub>, 1.99 ± 0.18 SE) (paired <i>t</i> test, <i>P</i> = 0.367). There was a significant difference in lumen uptake at 60 min (SUV<sub>max</sub>, 2.4 ± 0.11 SE) and 180 min (SUV<sub>max</sub>, 1.7 ± 0.1 SE) (paired <i>t</i> test, <i>P</i> = 0.001). There was no significant difference in TBR between 60 min (0.91 ± 0.03) and 180 min (1.01 ± 0.06 SE) (paired <i>t</i> test, <i>P</i> = 0.131). With increasing delayed imaging, there was increasing variability (SE) in the SUV<sub>max</sub> for the aortic wall and TBRs. <b>Conclusion:</b> There was no significant advantage in imaging at 3 h over 1 h after <sup>18</sup>F-FDG injection.
Baubles are a waste of time
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (2000)

My car needed a new exhaust pipe. As I had time to wait I read the chairman's 10 point customer satisfaction guarantee displayed on a large sign behind the counter (I want to deliver a quality service to my customers so I am interested to see what other organisations say and do). I watched other customers. Most ignored the sign. A few glanced at it, then ignored it. What they wanted to know was, “When will my car be ready, will it be done properly, and how much will it cost?”

> Having a policy was more important than who wrote it or what it said 

I kept a clinic session free (waiting list up, activity levels down) to attend a seminar about the Charter Mark Award, an award that public services can apply for. One criterion for the award is that a department should monitor its performance and publish the results so the users of that service can see them. I visited a unit that had been awarded a Charter Mark. The waiting times from referral letter to …
Autism diagnoses in the US rise by 30%, CDC reports
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

One in every 68 US children has been identified as having autism spectrum disorder (ASD), says a new report from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—a 30% increase from the 1 in 88 prevalence reported by the agency in 2012.1

Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsop, chief of the CDC’s Developmental Disabilities branch, said that the reasons for the increase were unclear but that changes in prevalence may partly reflect improved recognition that autism is a spectrum of disorders, leading to its diagnosis in more children with higher IQs and in those who may be less severely affected.

The new report summarized data from 2010 collected by the CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, an active surveillance system that tracks ASD trends in communities across …
SYPHILIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM—ITS GENERAL PATHOLOGY, WITH REMARKS ON TREATMENT.
Authors: F. W. LANGDON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The initial lesion of syphilis must be viewed, in the light of our present knowledge, as a wound plus infection, the infecting material being probably of bacterial origin. The first nervous changes following such infection are localized at the sight of the initial lesion, and have been well described by Berkley.<sup>1</sup>Briefly, these changes consist of a combined interstitial and parenchymatous neuritis, due, in the investigator's opinion, to, 1, compression by the round-celled exudate; 2, endarteritis, interfering with nutrition; 3. local effect of a "virus." The conditions found in the nerves are described as, 1, obliteration of lymph spaces; 2, disappearance of axons; 3, a "glassy" degenerated appearance of the myelin. These changes were limited to the nerves imbedded in the round-celled exudate; those nerves not so surrounded being normal, or approximately so. Root-neuritis, cranial and spinal, and peripheral mono-neuritis may occur as secondary lesions. Syphilitic multiple neuritis has
Is There Evidence of a Therapy-Related Increase in Germ Cell Mutation Among Childhood Cancer Survivors?
Authors: M. M. Hawkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Few studies have examined human population data for evidence of an association between environmental mutagens and genetic disease. Our objective was to determine whether study of pregnancies and offspring of childhood cancer survivors would show evidence that therapy potentially mutagenic to germ cells is associated with increased risk of miscarriage, serious congenital abnormalities, or altered sex ratio. We analyzed information from patients' general practitioners for 2286 survivors of childhood cancer (1049 females and 1237 males) who were exposed or not exposed to direct irradiation of the abdomen or gonads or treatment with an alkylating agent. In addition, external control data based on the general population were used for some of the comparisons relating to congenital abnormalities and sex ratio. Data on reproductive history were complete for 1037 female survivors, who had 944 completed pregnancies, and 1078 male survivors, who produced 537 offspring. For the female survivors given abdominal or gonadal irradiation, there was an excess of miscarriages for the total number of pregnancies (17%) and for first pregnancies (19%), compared with the proportion for the total number of pregnancies in the females with similar neoplasms who were not exposed to such therapy (9%) and for first pregnancies in these females (8%). These results show re-emergence of an association suggested in our previous report of an increased risk of miscarriage as well as low birth weight among off-spring of female survivors of childhood cancer who received abdominal irradiation. In that study, it was considered unlikely that the association was due to germ cell mutation. Data in the present study do not show an association of exposure to therapy potentially mutagenic to germ cells with sex ratio, or with occurrence of serious congenital abnormalities in the offspring of male or female survivors of such therapy. However, the question of a possible germ cell mutagenic effect of therapy will be adequately addressed only through an international collaborative effort.
Useful Understanding of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bernard G. Krohn
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Hogue et al 1 concluded: "In the hour before AF [atrial fibrillation] after CABG surgery, higher heart rate and lower heart rate complexity compared with values in control patients were independent predictors of AF." Their careful study and stochastic analyses showed that this was statistically significant, but their observations were not clinically significant for the following reasons.After CABG operations, many patients have AF for a few minutes or hours without a fast ventricular rate or emboli.Even new AF that lasts for a day or more usually disappears spontaneously without bad results.In a series of 100 consecutive patients who had cardiac operations, all patients who entered the hospital in regular sinus rhythm left the hospital in regular sinus rhythm in spite of intervening AF. 2 Predicting harmless as well as harmful AF as a single set does not influence treatment or help the patients in other ways.Concerning patients who acquire AF after acute myocardial infarction (MI), the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association stated, "Although AF after acute MI is usually transient, heparin therapy should be given to patients not already receiving it." 3Hogue et al 1 reported 1 patient who had AF and then appeared to have a fatal cerebral embolism on postoperative day 2.There was time to give this patient heparin, and the patient probably received it.Predicting that the patient would have AF would not have helped.Predicting which patients will have persistent hazardous AF is a different matter.Such a prediction would justify vigorous treatments in these few patients to prevent AF.Such treatment would not be reasonable for all patients at risk for this arrhythmia after CABG operations.