tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced vasoconstriction in isolated canine coronary arteries.
Authors: M Nishida, T Kuzuya, S Hoshida, Y Kim, A Kitabatake, T Kamada, M Tada
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To assess how polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) act on coronary vasoactivity, we measured the changes in isometric tension of isolated rings of canine coronary arteries upon addition of autologous PMNs to organ chambers in which the rings were suspended. When PMNs isolated by the colloidal polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica (Percoll) gradient method were added to the chambers, ring preparations of left circumflex coronary arteries developed isometric tension. The increase in tension was dependent on the amount of PMNs (1 X 10(4) to 5 X 10(6) cells/ml). Maximal tension obtained by an optimal amount of PMNs (5 X 10(5) cells/ml) was almost comparable to that produced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 microM). Integrity of endothelial cells was not disrupted after the addition of PMNs because the developed tension could be reversed by the addition of acetylcholine in an endothelium-dependent manner. Mechanical rubbing of endothelium abolished the PMN-induced vasoconstriction, which was regained by placing an endothelium-unrubbed ring inside a rubbed ring ("sandwich preparation"). When PMN suspensions were pretreated with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors of arachidonate, PMN-induced vasoconstriction was greatly suppressed, although the pretreatment of vascular preparations did not alter the development of isometric tension. These findings indicate that PMNs induce the contraction of coronary arterial rings in the presence of intact endothelial cells. The mechanism by which PMNs induce the contraction is the release of vasoconstrictive substances by metabolic interaction between PMNs and endothelial cells. Vasoconstrictive substances produced by the PMN-endothelial system, such as 5-lipoxygenase metabolites through a "leukotriene A4 steal" mechanism, may contribute to the contraction of vascular smooth muscle.
Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning
Authors: Darren M Roberts, Cynthia K Aaron
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Organophosphorus pesticides are used widely for agriculture, vector control, and domestic purposes. Despite the apparent benefits of these uses acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning is an increasing worldwide problem, particularly in rural areas. Organophosphorus pesticides are the most important cause of severe toxicity and death from acute poisoning worldwide, with more than 200 000 deaths each year in developing countries.1 Although the incidence of severe acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning is much less in developed countries, many patients with acute low dose unintentional or occupational exposures present to health facilities.2 3 We provide an evidence based review of the management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Risk assessment in patients with acute unintentional poisoning is discussed, in addition to special considerations for severe poisoning. #### SUMMARY POINTS #### Sources and selection criteria We searched several resources to identify relevant information on the diagnosis and management of acute organophosphorus poisoning: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the Chemical Safety Information for Intergovernmental Organizations database (www.inchem.org/pages/pds.html); websites for registration of clinical trials, including the Current Controlled trials website (http://controlled-trials.com/) using the m RCT search feature; personal archives; and attendance at, and review of abstracts from, workshops and conferences on pesticide poisoning. #### Levels of evidence in the review The evidence supporting specific therapeutic approaches to patients with acute organophosphorus poisoning is listed after each management recommendation. We have adopted the classification used in the BMJ publication Clinical Evidence 4:
Intrauterine growth and serum cholesterol Link may be spurious
Authors: M Mongelli, J Gardosi, D J P Barker, C H D Fall, C N Martyn, C Osmond, C N Hales
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Studies of associations between birth variables and adult morbidity such as that by D J P Barker and colleagues are of epidemiological interest, but the results need to be interpreted with caution.1 Even within the limitations of 50 years old records the authors' main conclusion - that raised cholesterol concentrations in adult life are associated with impaired growth during late gestation - is difficult to accept on the basis of the data presented.

It is difficult to infer growth retardation from any single measurement such as …
FoxO1 Is a Positive Regulator of Bone Formation by Favoring Protein Synthesis and Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Osteoblasts
Authors: Marie-Therese Rached, Aruna Kode, Lili Xu, Yoshihiro Yoshikawa, Ji-Hye Paik, Ronald A. DePinho, Stavroula Kousteni
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2010)
INDIVIDUALIZING THE PROSTATIC PATIENT IN SELECTION OF TREATMENT
Authors: WILLIAM J. ENGEL
Journal: JAMA (1933)

There is probably no one who will disagree that the development and perfection of transurethral resection of the prostate have made available a valuable method for the treatment of prostatic obstruction. The value of prostatectomy has long been recognized, so long in fact that some have forgotten that it too has its shortcomings. However, prostatectomy has already been through the mill of controversy that resection is now passing through and our experience convinces us that both will survive. Thus there now are two successful methods of handling the prostatic patient so that each case must be carefully studied and individualized and the treatment selected that assures the patient relief in the simplest, safest way. We decry the popular belief that resection is the simplest in all cases but our experience justifies the statement that it is a more conservative operation and has a larger factor of safety than prostatectomy. With
Identification and isolation of a platelet GPIb-like protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: A S Asch, B Adelman, M Fujimoto, R L Nachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) is an intrinsic platelet membrane protein that plays a major role in platelet adherence and mediates ristocetin-dependent platelet von Willebrand factor binding. Recent reports that the platelet membrane glycoprotein complex IIb/IIIa is expressed in several cell types prompted us to look for GPIb expression in other vascular cells. Immunoperoxidase staining of human stomach and skin histologic sections with polyclonal as well as monoclonal anti-GPIb antibody revealed the presence of GPIb in the endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell layers. Western blotting using monospecific polyclonal anti-GPIb antibodies confirmed the presence of immunoreactive GPIb in human umbilical vein endothelial and bovine aortic smooth muscle cell cultures. Fab fragments of a monoclonal anti-GPIb antibody were used to immunoprecipitate [3H]leucine labeled GPIb from metabolically labeled cells. The GPIb in these cells was functional as measured by ristocetin-dependent cell agglutination and by vWF binding. Endothelial cells as well as smooth muscle cells bound 125I-labeled vWF in a ristocetin-dependent manner, with a Kd of 7.9 nM.
Dopamine could reinforce smoking addiction
Authors: A. Boulton
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Smoking may enhance the activity of dopamine in the brain and increase the addictive powers of cigarettes, says a team of American researchers in a letter to Nature. Researchers from Brookhaven Laboratory in New York found that the brains of living smokers show a 40% reduction in monoamine oxidase B concentrations compared with non-smokers or former smokers. Monoamine …
Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Authors: Peter Jepsen, Peter Ott, Hendrik Vilstrup
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters6 November 2012Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic CirrhosisPeter Jepsen, MD, PhD, Peter Ott, MD, DMSc, and Hendrik Vilstrup, MD, DScPeter Jepsen, MD, PhDFrom Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark.Search for more papers by this author, Peter Ott, MD, DMScFrom Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark.Search for more papers by this author, and Hendrik Vilstrup, MD, DScFrom Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Abegunde and Drs. Tillman and Choi for their interest in our article. They provide strong arguments for studying risk factors for HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Drs. Tillman and Choi add examples of potential risk factors, namely a positive test result for anti-HBc or anti-HCV and alcohol abstinence. We currently cannot provide estimates of risk for HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis with or without these possible risk factors. However, we fully agree that their identification and interaction are important steps toward identifying patients who will benefit the most from HCC surveillance. That goal ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-2633. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRisk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Alcoholic Cirrhosis Peter Jepsen , Peter Ott , Per Kragh Andersen , Henrik Toft Sørensen , and Hendrik Vilstrup Metrics 6 November 2012Volume 157, Issue 9Page: 678KeywordsAlcoholicsAlcoholsCirrhosisConflicts of interestHepatocellular carcinomaMedical risk factors ePublished: 6 November 2012 Issue Published: 6 November 2012 CopyrightCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Fluoxetine Treatment for Depression in Patients With HIV and AIDS: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Judith G. Rabkin, Glenn J. Wagner, Richard Rabkin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

The goals of this study were to determine whether fluoxetine is superior to placebo in treating HIV-seropositive patients with major depression or dysthymia or both, whether severity of immunosuppression is associated with treatment response, and whether fluoxetine treatment is associated with change in immune status as measured by CD4 cell count.A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 8-week trial of fluoxetine was conducted in a university-affiliated research outpatient clinic. The fluoxetine-placebo randomization was 2:1. All patients were offered 4 months of additional open treatment. Main outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and CD4 cell count.Of 120 patients randomly assigned to fluoxetine or placebo, 87 completed 8 weeks of treatment. In the total group, 51% had AIDS. All but three were men, 35% were nonwhite, and 6% had intravenous drug use as a risk factor. In an intention-to-treat analysis, 57% of fluoxetine patients and 41% of placebo patients were responders. Among patients who completed the study, 74% responded to fluoxetine and 47% to placebo; this difference was statistically significant. Severity of immunosuppression was not related to antidepressant response, attrition, or side effects, and fluoxetine treatment was not associated with change in CD4 cell count.Fluoxetine is an effective antidepressant in the context of HIV illness. However, both placebo response and attrition were substantial, suggesting both that nonspecific factors may be more salient and that yet another medication (i.e., an antidepressant) may be less acceptable among patients with serious medical illness already requiring multiple concomitant medications.
XANTHOMA DIABETICORUM: AN EARLY CASE
Authors: R. B. Moreland
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Xanthoma diabeticorum may be described as being a rare skin disorder occurring in glycosuric or diabetic individuals, usually in adult males; the skin lesions consisting of reddish, reddish yellow or orange papules, measuring from 0.5 to 2 cc., distributed chiefly over the extensor aspects of the arms, legs and buttocks, discrete and usually in not great numbers. The skin lesions develop suddenly. This condition was first described in 1851 by Addison and Gall. Since that time other cases have been reported and further research undertaken to clear up the subject of faulty fat metabolism and this disorder associated with it. As recently as 1922, Moore<sup>1</sup>reported a typical case in a girl, aged 14 years, who died in two months. In his report he states that the disorder is rare. One year later, Major<sup>2</sup>reported four cases seen over a period of five months, indicating, of course, that
German court fines doctor 7000 for death of British patient
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Daniel Ubani, the German doctor who while working as a locum GP in Britain unintentionally killed a patient with 10 times the recommended dose of diamorphine, was found by a German administrative court to be guilty of professional misconduct in the death and fined €7000 (£6200; $9750).

The action, taken by a section of the Administrative Court of Munster that focuses on healthcare professions, was officially termed a “censure” and seems to be the final legal challenge—criminal, civil, or professional—stemming from the death, said Volker Heiliger, spokesman for the Westfalen-Lippe Medical Association in Munster. Mr Heiliger said that Dr Ubani is still registered to practise medicine but that his private surgical practice in Witten, North Rhine-Westphalia, seems to have been closed.

Dr Ubani, who was born in Nigeria but holds German citizenship, was on his first ever UK shift for an independent …
High Pressure Promotes Monocyte Adhesion to the Vascular Wall
Authors: Stéphanie Riou, Barend Mees, Bruno Esposito, Régine Merval, Jose Vilar, Dominique Stengel, Ewa Ninio, Rien van Haperen, Rini de Crom, Alain Tedgui, Stéphanie Lehoux
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

Hypertension is a known risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. To assess how mechanical factors contribute to this process, mouse carotid arteries were maintained in organ culture at normal (80 mm Hg) or high (150 mm Hg) intraluminal pressure for 1, 6, 12, or 24 hours. Thereafter, fluorescent human monocytic cells (U937) were injected intraluminally and allowed to adhere for 30 minutes before washout. U937 adhesion was increased in vessels kept at 150 mm Hg 12 hours (23.5+/-5.7 versus 9.9+/-2.2 cells/mm at 80 mm Hg; P<0.05) or 24 hours (26.7+/-5.7 versus 8.8+/-1.5 cells/mm; P<0.05). At 24 hours, high pressure was associated with increased mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, keratinocyte-derived chemokine, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (6.9+/-2.1, 4.4+/-0.1, 9.8+/-2.8, and 2.4+/-0.1-fold respectively; P<0.05), as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and corroborated by immunohistochemistry, which also revealed an increase in intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. Nuclear factor kappaB inhibition using SN50 peptide abolished the overexpression of chemokines and adhesion molecules and reduced U937 adhesion in vessels at 150 mm Hg. Moreover, treatment of vessels and cells with specific neutralizing antibodies established that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine released from vessels at 150 mm Hg primed the monocytes, increasing their adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 but not intracellular adhesion molecule-1 via alpha4beta1 integrins. The additive effect of chemokines on the adhesion of U937 cells to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was confirmed by in vitro assay. Finally, pressure-dependent U937 adhesion was blunted in arteries from mice overexpressing endothelial NO synthase. Hence, high intraluminal pressure induces cytokine and adhesion molecule expression via nuclear factor kappaB, leading to monocytic cell adhesion. These results indicate that hypertension may directly contribute to the development of atherosclerosis through nuclear factor kappaB induction.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome in the Newborn
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1963)

CLAMPING of the umbilical cord prior to onset of the infant's respirations may be an important factor in pathogenesis of the respiratory distress syndrome. A similar concept was proposed by Brown1in 1957, although no supporting data were provided and none have since been recorded. The results in this study of 129 infants suggest an association between respiratory distress in the newborn and  of the umbilical cord before the onset of respirations.  By means of the Apgar2score and by the Silverman-Andersen3retraction score, infants were evaluated in two groups designated  clamping and  clamping. Both the Apgar score and the Silverman-Andersen score were determined in 119 infants. Of the remaining 10, only the Apgar score was estimated in 5 and only the Silverman-Andersen score in 5. A significant difference in symptoms and signs of respiratory distress was evident between the early and late
Cell Type and the Natural History of Lung Cancer
Authors: Leroy Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Bronchogenic carcinoma is a deadly disease with steadily increasing incidence especially in men,<sup>1,2</sup>and high early mortality rates reported for treated and untreated patients, even for those with supposedly small, asymptomatic lesions. From 70% to 88% of consecutive, unselected bronchogenic carcinoma patients, when first seen in general hospitals, are found to have nonresectable lesions, about 12% to 15% of these after thoracotomy. Periodic x-ray screening has revealed that survival after the last negative x-ray finding was so poor as to suggest that metastases in many cases have occurred before a pulmonary mass is detectable by present methods.<sup>3</sup> Multiple forms of therapy have been reported in the past, usually in small groups of patients and without adequate controls. Case reports of single or small numbers of patients who have survived for periods of time beyond the expected have often led to the erroneous conclusion that the therapy used in
Drug-Resistant Salmonella from Animals Fed Antimicrobials
Authors: Scott D. Holmberg, Michael T. Osterholm, Kenneth A. Senger, Mitchell L. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

It has been difficult to document the postulated sequence of events that begins with the selection of drug-resistant organisms in animals fed subtherapeutic amounts of antimicrobials and ends with clinically important infections in human beings. In early 1983 we identified 18 persons in four Midwestern states who were infected with Salmonella newport that was resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, and tetracycline and characterized by a 38-kilobase R plasmid. Twelve of these patients had been taking penicillin derivatives for medical problems other than diarrhea in the 24 to 48 hours before the onset of salmonellosis. Eleven patients were hospitalized for salmonellosis for an average of eight days, and one had a fatal nosocomial infection. We compared plasmid profiles of all human (six-state area) and animal (United States) S. newport isolates over an 18-month period and examined selected records of meat distribution. The results indicated that the patients had been infected before they took antimicrobials, by eating hamburger originating from South Dakota beef cattle fed subtherapeutic chlortetracycline for growth promotion. This study demonstrates that antimicrobial-resistant organisms of animal origin cause serious human illness, and emphasizes the need for more prudent use of antimicrobials in both human beings and animals.
PRACTICAL POINTS GAINED IN THE TREATMENT OF ONE THOUSAND CASES OF INSUFFICIENCIES OF THE OCULAR MUSCLES.
Authors: J. WALTER PARK
Journal: JAMA (1895)

As the title suggests, my paper is entirely on practical points gleaned from a rather extensive experience in the correction of errors of refraction. I examine the ocular muscles of every case that I refract and when any muscular insufficiency is discovered, a record of it is made. The subject of heterophoria or insufficiencies of the ocular muscles has become one of such vast importance that I hesitated for sometime, wondering whether I had sufficient experience with a large enough number of cases to justify me in expressing an intelligent opinion. In looking over my case-book I find a record of about a thousand cases, of which I kept rather accurate notes, and I think the results obtained will support the views I entertain upon this subject. After all, it is following up one's cases and watching the results for several years afterward that gives us the experience worth placing
Activation of liver X receptor sensitizes mice to gallbladder cholesterol crystallization
Authors: Hirdesh Uppal, Yonggong Zhai, Archana Gangopadhyay, Shaheen Khadem, Songrong Ren, James A. Moser, Wen Xie
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Gallstone disease is a hepatobiliary disorder due to biochemical imbalances in the gallbladder bile. In this report, we show that activation of nuclear receptor liver X receptor (LXR) sensitized mice to lithogenic diet–induced gallbladder cholesterol crystallization, which was associated with dysregulation of several hepatic transporters that efflux cholesterol, phospholipids, and bile salts. The combined effect of increased biliary concentrations of cholesterol and phospholipids and decreased biliary concentrations of bile salts in LXR-activated mice led to an increased cholesterol saturation index and the formation of cholesterol crystals. Interestingly, the lithogenic effect of LXR was completely abolished in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) null background or when the mice were treated with Ezetimibe, a cholesterol-lowering drug that blocks intestinal dietary cholesterol absorption. These results suggest that LDLR-mediated hepatic cholesterol uptake and intestinal cholesterol absorption play an essential role in LXR-promoted lithogenesis. Conclusion: The current study has revealed a novel lithogenic role of LXR as well as a functional interplay between LXR and LDLR in gallbladder cholesterol crystallization and possibly cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD). We propose that LXR is a lithogenic factor and that the LXR transgenic mice may offer a convenient CGD model to develop therapeutic interventions for this disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)