tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of the vagus nerve upon the reflex control of the lower oesophageal sphincter.
Authors: A L Ogilvie, M Atkinson
Journal: Gut (1984)

In 24 control patients the lower oesophageal sphincter responded to graded increments in intra-abdominal pressure by a significant and sustained rise in tone. This response was abolished by atropine and was also absent in nine of 11 patients who had previously undergone truncal vagotomy for duodenal ulcer but not in the remaining two who had recurrent ulceration. In six patients studied after proximal gastric vagotomy a variable response was seen. Gastric efferent vagal function was assessed by a combined insulin/pentagastrin gastric secretory test and did not correlate closely with the lower oesophageal sphincteric response to increased intra-gastric pressure. These findings are explicable if it is assumed that truncal vagotomy interrupts the afferent limb of a reflex arc regulating lower oesophageal sphincteric tone.
Abstract 4827: Investigation of the survival of circulating breast tumor cells using biomimetic microfluidic circulation system
Authors: Yang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Distant metastases are the cause of about 90% of breast cancer patient death and the overall survival rate for metastatic breast cancer is only about 16%. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) shed from the primary tumor, travel through the blood to distant anatomic sites and cause metastasis. The survival of CTCs in blood vascular system is a challenging pre-requisite of successful metastasis, as the biochemical and mechanical environment of circulation is vastly different from the primary tumor sites. Studies related to the fate of CTCs in circulation are mainly limited by lack of well-controlled and realistic experimental models. We have developed a microfluidic device that mimics the human blood circulatory system in order to study the mechanism underlying the survival of cancer cells in the blood circulation. The circulation device integrates a network of channels with a self-contained micropump can generate pulsatile fluid flow pattern and corresponding fluidic forces, which can represent the nature of blood flow and haemodynamic forces in the vasculature. The survival rate of breast cancer cell line MCF7 in circulation was measured via this microfluidic platform. MCF-7 cells in circulation device had a much lower survival rate compared with those in control device. The survival rate of MCF-7 cells after circulating 1, 2 and 4 hours are respectively 48.8%, 36.3% and 10.7%, while the survival rate in control device after 1, 2 and 4 hours are 93.7%, 77.6% and 94.30%. We further compared the survival rate of MCF-7 cells with SUM-159 cells. We hypothesize that by assessing the differential survival ability of breast cancer cells with varied EMT traits can reveal the key signatures of the metastatic tumor cells. Citation Format: Yang Wang. Investigation of the survival of circulating breast tumor cells using biomimetic microfluidic circulation system. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4827. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4827
How the Effect of Maternal Age on the Risk of Childhood Leukemia Changed over Time in Sweden, 1960–2004
Authors: Milena Maria Maule, Loredana Vizzini, Kamila Czene, Olof Akre, Lorenzo Richiardi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Previous studies on the association between maternal age and risk of childhood leukemia found inconsistent results.We aimed to assess whether there is an association between maternal age and risk of childhood leukemia and whether such an association is modified by maternal year of birth.By linking nationwide Swedish registers, we analyzed leukemia incidence among all children between 1 and 5 years of age born between 1960 and 1999. We estimated incidence time trends by child year of birth (overall and stratified by maternal age) and incidence rate ratios (RRs) for maternal age groups stratified by maternal birth cohort. We tested the interaction between maternal age and child year of birth through the likelihood ratio test between nested Poisson regression models.We observed 1,562 leukemia cases. The overall annual percent change (APC) was 1.00 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51 to 1.49]. Stratifying by maternal age classes, APCs decreased from 1.66 (0.68 to 2.65) for mothers <or= 24 years to 0.23 (-0.93 to 1.40) for mothers >or= 35 years at delivery. RRs for children born to the oldest with respect to the youngest mothers were 2.42 (1.31 to 4.67), 1.68 (1.00 to 2.72), 1.34 (0.87 to 2.01), and 0.87 (0.46-1.54) for mothers born in 1930-1934, 1940-1944, 1950-1954, and 1960-1964, respectively.Childhood leukemia risk increased with maternal age for mothers born in the past, whereas maternal age had no effect on this risk for mothers born more recently. This finding may explain the inconsistency of previous studies and suggests that leukemia risk may be related to an environmental factor to which women's exposure has changed over time.
Repeated autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in patients with large myocardial infarction
Authors: Kang Yao, Rongchong Huang, Aijun Sun, Juying Qian, Xuebo Liu, Lei Ge, Yiqi Zhang, Shuning Zhang, Yuhong Niu, Qibing Wang, Yunzeng Zou, Junbo Ge
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Treatment of Diphtheria with Refined Antitoxin
Authors: A. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1939)

It has long been known that antitoxin is associated with a soluble globulin in the serum of immunized animals; many attempts have been made to concentrate serum and so reduce the volume of each dose-and, incidentally, troublesome serum sickness; for concentration, ammonium sulphate and sodium sulphate have been mostly employed.From January to August, 1938, 200 diphtheria patients were treated in Belvidere Hospital with Burroughs Well- come refined antitoxin prepared by Pope's (1938) process.This is antitoxin prepared by a process of enzyme dis- aggregation followed by differential heating; the antitoxin- containing molecule is much smaller than that in ordinary concentrated serum.The antitoxin was administered without desensitization of the patient, even though fifty of the 200 gave a history of previous injection of serum.No adrenaline was administered, but it was always at hand in case of emergency.Patients with cervical adenitis were given chewing-gum.Diphtheria bacilli were obtained from 189 of the 200 patients, using McLeod's medium (Anderson et al., 1931) in the first fifty cases, and Kerrin and Gaze's (1937) medium in the others.Sixty-three cultures were of the gravis type, fifty-two intermediate, and seventy-four mitis.Gravis and intermediate yielded a somewhat higher per- centage of the more severe attacks than mitis, the five deaths all being due to gravis.Of the sixty-three gravis patients fifty-seven received serum before the fifth day, and forty-one were children under 10, the period in which the mortality rate is highest.
Abstract 376: Development of nanosuspension formulation of diethylstilbestrol and effect of particle size on the in vitro drug release
Authors: Tanay Samant, Shi-Ming Tu, Diana S-L Chow
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To develop a sustained release nanosuspension formulation of diethylstilbestrol (DES) for subcutaneous delivery, in recurrent prostate cancer, to by-pass the first pass hepatic metabolism and potentially reduce the adverse effects of DES. Methods: Three nanosuspension formulations of DES were prepared by the wet milling technique with sizes of 160 (A), 300 (B) and 500 (C) nm, respectively. The formulations were characterized by particle size, zeta-potential and release kinetics. The release study was performed by adding each formulation, equivalent to 1mg of DES, to a dialysis bag (M.W cut off, 6000-8000). The bag was placed in 20 ml of PBS to simulate the subcutaneous conditions. The tubes were shaken at 100 rpm in a water bath at 37°C. The drug release was monitored for 14 days. DES concentrations were quantified by a validated HPLC assay. Results: Sizes of the nanosuspensions were 162.5±1.5 nm, 287.1±2.7 nm and 492.5±8.3 nm, and the polydispersity was 0.18±0.01, 0.15±0.01, 0.20±0.03 for formulations A, B and C, respectively. The time of milling required for A, B and C was 30, 8 and 6 hours respectively. The zeta potential was -18.11±0.65, -19.49±0.49, -18.08±0.45 mV for formulations A, B and C, respectively. The release profiles showed a biphasic pattern, with an initial rapid release in 4 days followed by a slower release and reaching plateau after 6 days. Formulations A and B showed a significantly higher release than the formulation C by using ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test (p&amp;lt;0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the release profiles of A and B. Formulation A had a much faster initial release rate of 25.06%/day than B and C with an initial release rate of 15.68%/day and 15.51%/day respectively (p&amp;lt;0.05). The extents of release were 65.76% (A), 67.38% (B) and 55.42% (C) at 6 days and 67.77% (A), 70.53% (B) and 64.79% (C) at 14 days. Conclusion: Stable nanosuspension formulations were successfully formulated for DES with particle sizes of 162.5 nm, 287.1 nm and 492.5 nm. The particle size depends on the duration of milling. The 162.5 nm and 287.1 nm formulations achieved a much higher release than the 492.5 nm nanosuspension indicating that the particle size has a profound effect on the release of the drug. A sustained and extended release of DES was achieved over a period of 14 days in simulated subcutaneous conditions indicating that these formulations definitely warrant further preclinical evaluations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 376. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-376
A Highly Automated Hospital Medication System
Authors: DONALD W. SIMBORG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Since 1969, medications have been provided to patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital using a computer system that controls the entire medication process from entry of physician's order to hourly drug distribution. Special envelopes containing patient and dosage information are computer generated for each dose to be administered. These envelopes, containing individually labelled ready-to-administer doses, are delivered to the nursing units hourly. The system provides daily medication profiles, drug administration histories, discharge summaries, and management and billing reports. Medication errors of commission were 4.6 times more frequent on the traditional nursing units compared to the units with the computer system. Registered nurses spent 56% less time performing medication-related activities on the units served by the computer system. For 250 beds, total costs are 7% higher using the computer system. For 450 beds, total costs are 14% lower using the computer system.
Your Premature Baby: The Complete Guide to Premie Care During That Crucial First Year
Authors: Elizabeth R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book provides a much needed description of premature infants and the problems they encounter both immediately after birth and in the first year of life. It is directed toward parents of preterm infants and is intended to clear the mystery and, therefore, fear of the treatment of these tiny infants. It is written in straightforward lucid prose by a medical journalist (Robin Marantz Henig), supported by a well-known neonatologist (Anne B. Fletcher). The collaboration has resulted in an informative book with a wealth of accurate detail about the diseases associated with premature birth, coupled with sensitive reporting of the feelings, anxieties, and stresses that preterm birth brings to parents and families. The stories of several families are woven into the fabric of the book and this brings the problems described into a personal focus. Medical terminology is well described both in the text and in a glossary. Diseases associated
Pneumomediastinum as a presenting feature of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in a child with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Harish Sutrave, Amanda Ward, Alan R Smyth, Jayesh Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

We describe the first report of pneumomediastinum as a presentation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in a child with cystic fibrosis (CF).
Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias
Authors: D J SHERIDAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias Get access D J SHERIDAN D J SHERIDAN Academic Cardiology Unit, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Page 2083, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.2083 Published: 01 November 1993
Abstract 3475: PI3K inhibition by the βGBP cytokine in colon cancer cells. Combined activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis
Authors: Livio Mallucci, Dong-yun Shi, Lavinia Lotti, Renato Mariani-Costantini, Valerie Wells, Daniel Zicha
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract βGBP (monomeric β-galactoside binding protein) is a newly discovered antiproliferative cytokine produced by CD4+ and CD8+-activated T cells and endogenously released by somatic cells. In normal cells βGBP negatively regulates the cell cycle; in cancer cells βGBP induces apoptosis through pathways which involve inhibition of mitogenic signaling and inhibition of survival signaling. Mechanisms of action initiate with downregulation of class 1A and class 1B phosphatidylinositol 3-OH kinase (PI3K) via functional inhibition of their p110 catalytic subunit. The study has the purpose of defining signaling routes to apoptosis downstream of PI3K in cells from colorectal carcinomas, which epitomise cancers made aggressive and refractory to therapies by accumulated genetic changes. We examined cancer cells of primary (SW480) and metastatic derivation (SW620, LoVo). Pathways investigated consequent to PI3K downregulation are those relating to Ras-ERK signaling and cell cycle parameters, to Akt signaling and to Rac mediated signaling. Apoptosis was assessed by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, redistribution of phosphatidylserine, caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation. We found colon cancer cells to be sensitive to minimal doses of βGBP which, while unable to inhibit Ras-ERK activity and Akt expression consequent to inhibition of PI3K activity, led to apoptosis through unprecedented outstanding events: a dramatic rearrangemant of the cytoskeletal network and the concurrent activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis. Mechanisms involved related to two set of events. One event was characterised by overexpression and stabilisation of cyclin E, inhibition of DNA synthesis, Chk2 activation and overexpression of deregulated E2F1, a condition for the activation of intrinsic apoptosis; the other related to changes in macromolecular mobility in the plane of the membrane and CD95/Fas clustering, a condition for the activation of extrinsic apoptosis. In vivo experiments in immunodeficient mice show that βGBP inhibits/prevents tumor development with no harm to the mouse. The ability of βGBP to induce death in cancer cells notoriously resistant to apoptosis, and to induce death by combined routes is a unique property with important therapeutic implications. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3475.
Human antigen R contributes to hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis
Authors: Ashwin Woodhoo, Marta Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta, Naiara Beraza, Juan L García-Rodríguez, Nieves Embade, David Fernández-Ramos, Nuria Martínez-López, Virginia Gutiérrez-De Juan, Beatriz Arteta, Juan Caballeria, Shelly C Lu, José M Mato, Marta Varela-Rey, María L Martínez-Chantar
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a major role in the control of messenger RNA (mRNA) turnover and translation rates. We examined the role of the RBP, human antigen R (HuR), during cholestatic liver injury and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. HuR silencing attenuated fibrosis development in vivo after BDL, reducing liver damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. HuR expression increased in activated HSCs from bile duct ligation mice and during HSC activation in vitro , and HuR silencing markedly reduced HSC activation. HuR regulated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation and migration and controlled the expression of several mRNAs involved in these processes (e.g., Actin , matrix metalloproteinase 9, and cyclin D1 and B1 ). These functions of HuR were linked to its abundance and cytoplasmic localization, controlled by PDGF, by extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation as well as ERK/LKB1 (liver kinase B1) activation, respectively. More important, we identified the tumor suppressor, LKB1, as a novel downstream target of PDGF-induced ERK activation in HSCs. HuR also controlled transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced profibrogenic actions by regulating the expression of TGF -β, α - SMA , and p21 . This was likely the result of an increased cytoplasmic localization of HuR, controlled by TGF-β-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Finally, we found that HuR and LKB1 (Ser428) levels were highly expressed in activated HSCs in human cirrhotic samples. Conclusion : Our results show that HuR is important for the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis development in the cholestatic injury model, for HSC activation, and for the response of activated HSC to PDGF and TGF-β.
Some Surprises, Some Answers, and More Questions About Hormone Therapy
Authors: Diana B. Petitti
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Janet Queen (“Jenny”) Ballantine (née Morton)
Authors: John M Ballantine
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Hospital doctor Roadmeetings Hospital, Braidwood by Carluke, 1960-79 (b 1916; q Glasgow 1947), died from pneumonia and dementia on 5 April 2005.

Jenny decided to study medicine after nine years as a librarian. She spent some time working in Ayrshire and arrived at Law Hospital, Carluke, in 1949. In 1950 she transferred to the sanatorium and in 1951 married her boss. In 1960 she became medical officer at Roadmeetings Hospital, Braidwood by Carluke, where she was in daily charge of four wards of long stay patients, mainly with multiple sclerosis, but also some with psychogeriatric probliems. Jenny was involved in setting up three branches of the MS Society in Lanarkshire and received the MBE from the Queen in 1977 for her services to long stay patients. She retired in 1979. Predeceased by her husband, Ian, she leaves a son.
Expression of cilium-associated genes defines novel molecular subtypes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ivana V Yang, Christopher D Coldren, Sonia M Leach, Max A Seibold, Elissa Murphy, Jia Lin, Rachel Rosen, Amanda J Neidermyer, David F McKean, Steve D Groshong, Carlyne Cool, Gregory P Cosgrove, David A Lynch, Kevin K Brown, Marvin I Schwarz, Tasha E Fingerlin, David A Schwartz
Journal: Thorax (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an untreatable lung disease with a median survival of only 3-5 years that is diagnosed using a combination of clinical, radiographic and pathologic criteria. Histologically, IPF is characterised by usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), a fibrosing interstitial pneumonia with a pattern of heterogeneous, subpleural regions of fibrotic and remodelled lung. We hypothesised that gene expression profiles of lung tissue may identify molecular subtypes of disease that could classify subtypes of IPF/UIP that have clinical implications.We collected transcriptional profiles on lung tissue from 119 patients with IPF/UIP and 50 non-diseased controls. Differential expression of individual transcripts was identified using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model incorporating the clinical diagnosis of each patient as well as age, gender and smoking status. Validation was performed in an independent cohort of 111 IPF/UIP and 39 non-diseased controls. Our analysis identified two subtypes of IPF/UIP based on a strong molecular signature associated with expression of genes previously associated with fibrosis (matrix metalloproteinases, osteopontin, keratins), cilium genes and genes with unknown function. We demonstrate that elevated expression of cilium genes is associated with more extensive microscopic honeycombing and higher expression of both the airway mucin gene MUC5B and the metalloproteinase MMP7, a gene recently implicated in attenuating ciliated cell differentiation during wound repair.Expression of cilium genes appears to identify two unique molecular phenotypes of IPF/UIP. The different molecular profiles may be relevant to therapeutic responsiveness in patients with IPF/UIP.