tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening Asymptomatic Women for Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: H. Hunter Handsfield
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Background: Screening women for
Chlamydia trachomatis in family 
planning clinics is associated
with a reduced incidence of chlamydial sequelae. However, the question
of whom to screen to maintain efficient use of resources remains
controversial.Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness
of chlamydial screening done according to three sets of criteria in asymptomatic
women attending family planning clinics.Design:Cost-effectiveness analysis done by using a decision model with the
perspective of a health care system. Model estimates were based on analysis
of cohort data, clinic costs, laboratory costs, and published data.Setting:Two family planning clinics in Baltimore, Maryland.Patients:7699 asymptomatic women who presented between April 1994 and August
1996.Intervention:Three screening strategies—screening according to the criteria
of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), screening all women
younger than 30 years of age, and universal screening—were retrospectively
applied and compared. All women were tested with polymerase chain reaction.Measurements:Medical outcomes included sequelae prevented in women, men, and infants.
Total costs included screening program costs and future medical costs of all
sequelae. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of each strategy were
calculated.Results:Without screening, 152 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease would occur
at a cost of $676,000. Screening done by using the CDC criteria would prevent
64 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease at a cost savings of $231,000. Screening
all women younger than 30 years of age would prevent an additional 21 cases
of pelvic inflammatory disease and save $74,000. Universal screening would
prevent an additional 6 cases of pelvic inflammatory disease but would cost
$19,000 more than age-based screening, or approximately $3000 more per case
of pelvic inflammatory disease prevented. If the prevalence of C. trachomatis is more than 10.2% or if less than 88.5% of infections
occur in women younger than 30 years of age, universal screening provides
the greatest cost savings.Conclusions:These results suggest that age-based screening provides the greatest
cost savings of the three strategies examined. However, universal screening
is desirable in some situations. In general, screening done by using any criteria
and a highly sensitive diagnostic assay should be part of any chlamydial prevention
and control program or health plan.
Closing the Case in JAMA on the John F. Kennedy Autopsy
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

On May 27, 1992,<i>JAMA</i>published detailed and objective recollections of J. T. Boswell, MD, and James J. Humes, MD, the principal pathologists who performed the autopsy on President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, and several Dallas physicians who cared for the President.<sup>1,2</sup>This report by Dennis L. Breo, which generally supported the findings of the Warren Commission, received worldwide media coverage and drew an enormous response. See also pp 1681 and 1748. I am pleased that a great deal of the reaction strongly supported the pathologists' findings and the<i>JAMA</i>report, which has withstood an onslaught of criticism from numerous conspiracy theorists. Three legitimate questions remain: Why did the third autopsy pathologist (and wound ballistics expert) Pierre Finck, MD, not participate in the interview, and what would have been his response? Was there really a 29-year silence on the part of these physicians that was first broken by JAMA in
Virologic Studies in a Case of Transfusion-Associated AIDS
Authors: Groopman Je, Salahuddin Sz, Sarngadharan Mg, Mullins Ji, Sullivan Jl, Mulder C, O'Hara Cj, Cheeseman Sh, Haverkos H, Forgacs P
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) strongly suggests a transmissible agent, such as a virus, as its cause.1 2 3 Transient viral infections in normal hosts with agents such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B, and Epstein–Barr virus manifest cellular changes that indicate immunosuppression.4 , 5 The high prevalence of such DNA viruses among cohorts at risk for AIDS, such as homosexual men, intravenous drug abusers, Haitians, and hemophiliacs, as well as their transmissibility by sexual, needle, and blood-borne routes, has focused attention on their roles in AIDS.6 7 8 9 10 11 These viruses have been proposed either as primary etiologic agents or as important cofactors in susceptibility . . .
Purification of Ampicillin
Authors: E. T. Knudsen, J. M. Dewdney
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BIUTISHinserted it slightly crookedly so that its mouth was directly adjacent to the mouth of the outlet (Fig 2).This led to air being drawn into the set.Approximately 25 ml. of air alternated with 25 ml. of fluid in the tubing of the set, and when the drip chamber was filled it emptied again within six seconds.We later found that this situa- tion can also occur if the force required to insert the air inlet into the bottle pushes the shaft of the needle back into its plastic holding.We have mentioned this complication, which can occur with some of the other Baxter sets, to the manufacturers.They point out that if the directions for use are correctly followed air should not be drawn into any drip set.Nevertheless, they have agreed to modify the sets to make such events impossible.-Weare, etc.,
Expanded Experience With an Intradermal Skin Test to Predict for the Presence or Absence of Carboplatin Hypersensitivity
Authors: Maurie Markman, Kristine Zanotti, Gertrude Peterson, Barbara Kulp, Kenneth Webster, Jerome Belinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Carboplatin-associated hypersensitivity is increasingly recognized as a potentially serious toxicity when this agent is administered for more than six total cycles.Our group has used a predictive skin test in women with gynecologic cancers who have previously received more than six cumulative cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy. Thirty minutes before all subsequent carboplatin courses, a 0.02-mL aliquot from the solution prepared for treatment is injected intradermally. A positive test is considered to be a > or = 5-mm wheal, with a surrounding flare.From October 1998 through March 2003, 126 patients received a total of 717 carboplatin skin tests (median per patient, four tests; range, one to 54 tests). Of the 668 negative tests (93% of the total performed), 10 were associated with evidence of carboplatin hypersensitivity (1.5% false-negative rate; 95% CI, 0.6% to 2.4%), none of which were severe (eg, dyspnea, hypotension, cardiac/respiratory compromise). Of the 41 positive tests, the decision was made to not deliver the drug to 32 patients, although seven women ultimately underwent a future attempt at re-treatment with a platinum agent using a desensitization program. In seven episodes where patients received the carboplatin despite the finding of a positive test, six were associated with the development of symptoms of anaphylaxis (none severe).A negative carboplatin skin test seems to predict with reasonable reliability for the absence of a severe hypersensitivity reaction with the subsequent drug infusion. The implications of a positive test remain less certain, but limited experience with continued treatment suggests this approach must be undertaken with considerable caution.
Abstract 2403: DNAJB6 suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Aparna Mitra, Mitchell E. Menezes, Richard E. Honkanen, Lalita A. Shevde, Rajeev S. Samant
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNAJB6 is an HSP40 family protein which plays an important role in regulating tumorigenicity and metastasis of breast cancer and melanoma. Expression of DNAJB6 is found to be reduced in advanced stages of the disease. Restoration of its expression significantly decreases tumor growth and metastasis in xenograft studies. DNAJB6 expressing cells also show altered morphology, gain in epithelial markers and loss of mesenchymal markers and increased expression of DKK1, a secreted Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our current studies elaborate the intricate mechanistic details about contributions of DNAJB6 to the negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We describe the important role of the “J” domain of DNAJB6 in inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin. Deletion of “J” domain renders DNAJB6 incapable of impeding tumor growth and metastasis. Co-immunoprecipitation, mammalian-two-hybrid and FPLC studies show that DNAJB6 can form a multimeric complex with HSPA8 (HSC70), GSK3β and PP2A. DNAJB6 binds HSC70 and dephosphorylates GSK3β by recruiting PP2A. Activated GSK3β in-turn degrades β-catenin protein. Deletion of the J domain does not allow the formation of this multiprotein complex, which inactivates GSK3β and restores β-catenin levels. We further noted that the morphology of the cells grown in three dimensional matrix show distinct difference in WT-DNAJB6 and J-domain deleted expressors. In vivo and in vitro studies done with J domain deleted expressors showed increased malignancy. We also demonstrate the importance of J domain of DNAJB6 in suppressing osteopontin as one of the critical factors contributing to its reduced malignant activity in suppressing invasion and growth of xenografts. In summary, our studies unravel a novel mechanistic role of DNAJB6 in regulating GSK3β, a critical kinase which restricts tumor progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2403. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2403
Indications for X-ray Films of Skull in Children
Authors: Arthur Ecker
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In MEDICAL NEWS (<b>214:</b>247,1970), Doctors Fred Roberts and Charles Shopfner say that the only clear indication for x-ray films of the skull after head injury is "detection of a foreign body or depression of the skull." Additional reasons are as follows: (1) the possible presence of a fracture extending into the anterior fossa near the midline, possibly requiring additional films with special projections and close clinical observation for cerebrospinal rhinorrhea; (2) a fracture crossing the groove of the middle meningeal artery (and vein), pointing to the possibility of epidural hematoma; and (3) a fracture line crossing the groove of the superior sagittal or a lateral venous sinus. This would require the maintenance of the head of the patient in an elevated position (<i>New York J Med</i>,<b>46:</b>1120-1121, 1946).
Risk of childhood leukemia associated with diagnostic irradiation and polymorphisms in DNA repair genes.
Authors: C Infante-Rivard, G Mathonnet, D Sinnett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The purpose of the study was to measure risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with reported postnatal diagnostic X rays and to determine if it was modified in the presence of variants in genes involved in DNA repair. We conducted a population-based case-control study with 491 cases and 491 healthy controls among children 0-9 years of age at diagnosis. To evaluate gene-environment interaction, we used a subgroup of 129 cases. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for one reported postnatal child X ray versus none was 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72-1.49], whereas the OR for two or more X rays was 1.61 (CI, 1.13-2.28). Among girls, the former ORs were 1.14 (CI, 0.66-1.96) and 2.26 (1. 20-4.23), respectively. Among girls who carried the hMSH3 [exon (ex) 23] variant, the ORs were 3.33 (CI, 0.75-14.82) for one X ray and 0. 27 (CI, 0.05-1.57) for two or more X rays, whereas among those who carried the XRCCI (ex 6) variant, the ORs were 1.45 (0.11-19.08) and 6.66 (0.78-56.63), respectively. On the other hand, at low levels of exposure, boys seemed protected by the variant hMLH1 (ex 8). The latter results must be interpreted with caution but suggest that the effect of diagnostic X rays could be modified by variants in repair genes according to sex. Few studies have evaluated the risk of postnatal diagnostic irradiation, which was moderately strong here; we are not aware of any studies that also considered the effect of polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. Based on the present results, both aspects deserve further study.
Coronary Thrombolysis with Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Eric J. Topol, William R. Bell, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The blood of 30 patients who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for lysis of acute coronary thrombosis was examined to identify the effects of this enzyme on the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems. Doses ranged from 20 to 80 mg and duration of infusion ranged from 15 minutes to 4.5 hours. Doses of 60 mg or less and duration of infusion of 2 hours or less caused only mild fibrinogenolysis, a 28% drop from baseline plasma fibrinogen concentrations to nadir. In contrast, higher doses or longer infusion periods led to significantly lower fibrinogen levels, a 61% decrease of fibrinogen levels at nadir (p < 0.01), and this effect was sustained. Dosing by weight led to less appreciable fibrinogen breakdown. A strong negative correlation was seen between plasma plasminogen activator and fibrinogen levels (r= -0.83, p < 0.001) during the infusion. In-vitro studies showed the enzyme to deplete fibrinogen rapidly, and this activation was blocked with a protease inhibitor.
Haemoglobin E and alpha-Thalassaemia.
Authors: P Wasi, M Sookanek, S Pootrakul, S Na-Nakorn, A Suingdumrong
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Clinical Monitoring-Farman and 7uett BEDICA JoURNAL 29 respiratory waves are absent.In Fig. 4, recorded from the same relaxed patient, the airway is only partially obstructed, resulting in an obvious reduction of tidal volume.Fig. 5 shows the effect, again in the same apnoeic patient, of dis- connecting the ventilator.This pattern is indistinguishable from that shown in Fig. 4, demonstrating that this technique reveals the essential point-namely, that ventilation of the lungs has ceased.So far as we know this is the only method of monitoring which cannot give a wrong indication in these circumstances.It is also possible to study the shape of the respiratory wave- form with the impedance spirometer.The tracing follows closely all changes in the volume of air in the lungs, so that it is possible to measure not only the tidal volume but the rate of change of volume, both in inspiration and in expiration.Fig. 6 was recorded on a patient ventilated with a Barnet Mark III ventilator.This machine, though theoreti- cally a constant pressure generator, in practice operates as a Fiq.
HIV in Semen
Authors: Ann A. Kiessling
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The importance of semen in the transmission of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was recognized early in the pandemic and proven by the detection of cell-associated and cell-free human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in ejaculates from HIV-seropositive men.<sup>1,2</sup>In a more recent larger series, HIV was detected by infectivity assays in the semen of three (21%) of 14 asymptomatic men (Centers for Disease Control [CDC] class II or III) and from eight (40%) of 20 symptomatic (CDC class IV) HIV-positive men.<sup>3</sup>This study found no relationship between the detection of HIV in semen and zidovudine therapy or peripheral lymphocyte counts. In a subsequent study<sup>4</sup>using the sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay of semen from 23 men not receiving zidovudine therapy, semen samples from six (86%) of seven symptomatic patients and 14 (88%) of 16 asymptomatic patients contained HIV. Both of these studies detected HIV
Priority in Forward Dislocation of Mobilized Urethra.
Authors: Carl Beck
Journal: JAMA (1901)

New York City, May 1, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. C. H. Mayo's admirable article inThe Journalof April 27, contains a most practical and concise review of the several operative methods of dealing with hypospadias. The Doctor gives me full credit for my new method of forward dislocation of the mobilized urethra, but he also lays himself liable to misinterpretations when he says that "Professor von Hacker devised the new method shortly afterward." With no desire to appear as criticising Dr. Mayo's brilliant work, I avail myself of it to clear up any possible misunderstanding, and incidentally emphasize the greater sense of justice we, in America, manifest toward each other. Literature clearly shows that I reported my first operation Oct. 4, 1897, (see Reports of the<i>New York Deutsche Medicinische Gesellschaft</i>for that date). My first article describing my operation was published in the<i>New Yorker Medicinische Wochenschrift</i>
TETANY AS A CAUSE OF CONVULSIONS IN VERY YOUNG INFANTS
Authors: GROVER F. POWERS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This case is reported because of the extremely important lesson in diagnosis which it teachers.  History.  —A. Y., a boy, was born Feb. 12, 1924, at term; labor was said to have been rather difficult and prolonged; forceps were applied, but their use was not necessary; the presentation was said to be face; a slight facial paralysis on the left side was thought to be present for a short time after birth. No cyanosis was present at any time. The birth weight was 6 pounds, 10 ounces (3 kg.). The family history was irrelevant. The child was breast fed exclusively for first two weeks; he was given breast feedings, supplemented with skimmed milk and sugar mixtures for the succeeding one and one-half weeks; because of green, lumpy and undigested stools, he was weaned at the age of 3½ weeks. The feedings thereafter were ordinary modifications of whole milk with water
Distribution and levels of cell surface expression of CD33 and CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: A Ehninger, M Kramer, C Röllig, C Thiede, M Bornhäuser, M von Bonin, M Wermke, A Feldmann, M Bachmann, G Ehninger, U Oelschlägel
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Owing to the more recent positive results with the anti-CD33 immunotoxin gemtuzumab ozogamicin, therapy against acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) targeting CD33 holds many promises. Here, CD33 and CD123 expression on AML blasts was studied by flow cytometry in a cohort of 319 patients with detailed information on French-American-British/World Health Organization (FAB/WHO) classification, cytogenetics and molecular aberrations. AMLs of 87.8% express CD33 and would therefore be targetable with anti-CD33 therapies. Additionally, 9.4% of AMLs express CD123 without concomitant CD33 expression. Thus, nearly all AMLs could be either targeted via CD33 or CD123. Simultaneous presence of both antigens was observed in 69.5% of patients. Most importantly, even AMLs with adverse cytogenetics express CD33 and CD123 levels comparable to those with favorable and intermediate subtypes. Some patient groups with unfavorable alterations, such as FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations, high FLT3-ITD mutant/wild-type ratios and monosomy 5 are even characterized by high expression of CD33 and CD123. In addition, blasts of patients with mutant nucleophosmin (NPM1) revealed significantly higher CD33 and CD123 expression pointing toward the possibility of minimal residual disease-guided interventions in mutated NPM1-positive AMLs. These results stimulate the development of novel concepts to redirect immune effector cells toward CD33- and CD123-expressing blasts using bi-specific antibodies or engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors.
Simultaneous measurement of force and calcium uptake during acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit thoracic aorta.
Authors: P H Ratz, M M Gleason, S F Flaim
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

This study was designed to determine whether the endothelium-derived relaxing factor induced by acetylcholine (1 microM) in rabbit thoracic aorta inhibits agonist-induced calcium mobilization, specifically calcium influx. Force generated in rings of rabbit thoracic aorta by norepinephrine (1 microM) was measured under isometric conditions. At the appropriate time during 1 microM acetylcholine-induced relaxation of 1 microM norepinephrine-contracted rabbit thoracic aorta, the rings were pulse-labelled with calcium-45 to measure calcium influx. When measured in this fashion, 1 microM acetylcholine decreased the 1 microM norepinephrine-induced increase in calcium influx. This effect was eliminated by removal of the endothelium and by atropine (1 microM), but not by indomethacin (14 microM). Acetylcholine (1 microM) also blocked the 60 mM potassium-chloride-induced increase in calcium influx without dramatically affecting force. The phasic contraction produced by norepinephrine (1 microM) with 2 mM lanthanum pretreatment, which is caused by release of intracellular calcium, was inhibited by acetylcholine (1 microM) in a fashion similar to 1 microM nitroglycerin. The tonic contraction produced by norepinephrine (1 microM) after depletion of the agonist-releasable pool of intracellular calcium, which is thought to be due to calcium influx, was depressed by acetylcholine (1 microM). These data suggest that endothelium-derived relaxing factor relaxes 1 microM norepinephrine-contracted rings of rabbit thoracic aorta by decreasing calcium entry and by producing an extracellular calcium-independent relaxant effect.
The Controversy over the Harvey Medical College of Chicago.
Authors: Byron Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, Nov. 23, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some time ago a discussion was started in the medical journals in regard to Harvey Medical College of Chicago. In refutation of public statements we simply wish to state a few facts. The Harvey Medical College of Chicago is an evening school, co-educational, as regards both pupil and professor. It has a graded four year course of nine months each year. The instruction is given from 7 to 10 p.m. Under the present mangement, which has controlled it for the past two years, over 100 students have matriculated, 17 have come up for graduation, and 7 failed to pass the examination. The college has graduated only ten students in the past two years. Of the ten students who graduated, three have diplomas from the Chicago Dental College with medical attendance of one year at Rush and two years at the Harvey. One was