tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of cutaneous drug-metabolizing enzymes and cytoprotective gene expression by topical drugs in human skin <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: G. Smith, S.H. Ibbotson, M.M. Comrie, R.S. Dawe, A. Bryden, J. Ferguson, C.R. Wolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Regulation of cutaneous drug‐metabolizing enzymes and cytoprotective gene expression by topical drugs in human skin in vivo Get access G. Smith, G. Smith Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Gillian Smith. E‐mail: gillian.smith@cancer.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.H. Ibbotson, S.H. Ibbotson Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.M. Comrie, M.M. Comrie Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. Dawe, R.S. Dawe Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Bryden, A. Bryden Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ferguson, J. Ferguson Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. Wolf C.R. Wolf Biomedical Research Centre and Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 2, 1 August 2006, Pages 275–281, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07317.x Published: 01 August 2006 Article history Accepted: 27 October 2005 Published: 01 August 2006
Pathologist in Sally Clark case accused of being “slapdash”
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Home Office pathologist who carried out postmortem examinations on the two babies of Sally Clark (whose conviction for murdering them was later overturned) was “slapdash” in his approach to vital evidence, the General Medical Council was told last week.

Alan Williams, aged 58, was incompetent and acting beyond his expertise, Roger Henderson QC told the professional conduct committee at the start of a four week hearing. Dr Williams denies serious professional misconduct (bmj.com, 29 Jan …
Aspirin and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jerome L. Sullivan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 September 1995Aspirin and Colorectal CancerJerome L. Sullivan, MD, PhDJerome L. Sullivan, MD, PhDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Charleston, SC 29401-5799Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Giovannucci and colleagues [1] do not present biologically plausible mechanisms in their effort to define a protective effect of aspirin against colorectal cancer. Evaluation of possible mechanisms is essential for the design of future studies and preventive strategies and for understanding the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer. An increasing biologically plausible possibility [2, 3] is that prolonged use of aspirin protects by causing progressive depletion of stored iron. In an iron-depleted state, less iron is available for carcinogenesis through free-radical-mediated mechanisms and for direct promotion of tumor growth.Even small doses of aspirin are associated with increased blood ...References1. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Ascherio A, Willett WC. Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:241-6. Google Scholar2. Nelson RL. Dietary iron and colorectal cancer risk. Free Radic Biol Med. 1992; 12:161-8. Google Scholar3. Stevens RG, Graubaard BI, Micozzi MS, Neriishi K, Blumberg BS. Moderate elevation of body iron level and increased risk of cancer occurrence and death. Int J Cancer. 1994; 53:364-9. Google Scholar4. Graham DY, Smith JL. Aspirin and the stomach. Ann Intern Med. 1986; 104:390-8. Google Scholar5. Sullivan JL. Iron and the sex difference in heart disease risk. Lancet. 1981; 1:1293-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Charleston, SC 29401-5799 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 5Page: 390KeywordsAspirinBloodCarcinogenesisCardiovascular therapyColorectal cancerForecastingHemorrhagePhlebotomyStomach Issue Published: 1 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TUMOR INOCULATION INTO ORGANS AND THE ANALOGY BETWEEN HUMAN CANCER AND THE TUMORS OF WHITE MICE AND WHITE RATS
Authors: Isaac Levin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

The analysis of the experiments described above indicates that tumors of the white rat or white mouse inoculated into parenchymatous organs acquire a different biological character from those inoculated subcutaneously. The latter are a great deal more benign in their behavior than human cancer or spontaneous tumors in the same species of animals. Tumors inoculated into organs, on the other hand, are quite identical in their biological behavior with the malignant tumors of animal and man. A conclusion must then be drawn, even a priori, that the method of inoculation into organs is a very important aid in the experimental investigation of cancer. It is true that the method is a great deal more complicated and time-consuming than the ordinary subcutaneous inoculation. The subcutaneous method is satisfactory for a number of cancer problems. One of these is the study of general susceptibility and resistance of the organism of the host to the inoculation of the tumors, and this is a subject of paramount importance in cancer research. On the other hand, the investigations of the writer (10) have shown that an animal may be susceptible to a subcutaneous inoculation of a certain tumor and resist the inoculation of the same tumor into the testicle. Undoubtedly this method of inoculation will reveal the existence of a number of other phenomena. The discovery of specific therapeutic measures is certainly the greatest problem in cancer research. A great deal of work has been done already on the subject, and the latest investigations of Wassermann on the chemotherapy of experimental tumors seem to be of great promise. But here also the therapeutic methods must be tried on animals in which the inoculations of tumor cells have been made into parenchymatous organs before the growths thus treated will have any analogy to human cancer. In this connection one must bear in mind the fact that all the empirical so-called specific cancer remedies, which are continually being devised, are usually successful in treating localized skin cancers and fail utterly in the malignant growths of the internal organs. It is comparatively easy to produce a localized necrosis and softening in a circumscribed growth of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but whether the same result will be produced on a diffuse and better nourished tumor growing inside of a parenchymatous organ cannot be decided a priori. To determine this it is necessary to have experimental proof on animals in which the tumor was inoculated into organs.
Effects of selected thermal variables on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone
Authors: Robert E. Borchers, Lorna J. Gibson, Hans Burchardt, Wilson C. Hayes
Journal: Biomaterials (1995)

Osteoarticular allografts are commonly used in the treatment of segmental bone loss due to a wide resection of tumour. While the use of such grafts has met with considerable clinical success, fractures are a recognized complication of allograft use. Although trabecular bone can play an important structural role in the function of segmental allografts, few data exist on the effects of common storage and sterilization procedures on the mechanical properties of trabecular bone. To this end, we investigated with these experiments the effects of freezing at −20 °C, freezing at −70 °C, eight freeze-thaw cycles at −20 °C, freeze-drying, boiling and autoclaving on the compressive modulus and strength of bovine trabecular bone. Of these treatments, boiling and autoclaving were the only treatments to alter the properties of bovine trabecular bone, resulting in 26 and 58% reductions in strength, respectively. Autoclaving also significantly reduced the compressive modulus by 59%. From these data, freezing at temperatures between −20 and −70 °C does not appear to compromise the structural integrity of trabecular bone.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Kamal Sadjadpour
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, walking on the toes is commonly seen in later stages of the disease. This is generally attributed to contracture or shortening of the heel cords. It is conceded, however, that toe-walking may be seen early, long before any contracture or weakness in the calf muscles sets in. Having carefully followed up numerous children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, I believe that toe-walking, in nearly all cases, precedes and results in contracture of the heel cords. The reason for toe-walking is an adjustment for the marked lumbar hyperlordosis and weakness of the hip flexors. Thus, the child makes a postural adjustment and finds it easier to get up on his toes to walk. It is possible that early weakness of the foot dorsiflexors also contributes to this posture. If one should put himself in the position of marked lumbar hyper-lordosis, it can be realized that
Improved survival after surgical therapy for chronic angina pectoris: one hospital's experience in a randomized trial.
Authors: H S Loeb, R Pifarre, H Sullivan, R Palac, R P Croke, R M Gunnar
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Between 1972 and 1974, 121 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris and operative coronary artery disease, excluding significant left main coronary obstruction, were randomized to either medical therapy (60 patients) or surgical therapy (61 patients) as part of a larger Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Surgery for Coronary Arterial Occlusive Disease. At the time of randomization, medical and surgical groups were similar with regard to clinical and hemodynamic features as well as degree of left ventricular impairment and extent of coronary disease. Follow-up to June 1, 1978, reveals significantly improved survival in surgical patients from 3 through 6 years after randomization. Sixteen cross-over patients (13 medical to surgery, and 3 surgical without surgery) do not appear to influence results. Results of this randomized study from a single hospital differ from the preliminary results of the larger cooperative study, primarily because of a higher mortality in the medical group. The medical mortality in our group is in keeping with other reports of the natural history of patients with angina pectoris, and we propose that the population of patients we randomized closely simulates the usual type of patient with chronic angina being considered for surgical treatment. Our good surgical results thus contrast significantly with the survival of medically treated patients, and this separates our study from the body of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study.
Intracoronary Stent Implantation Without Ultrasound Guidance and With Replacement of Conventional Anticoagulation by Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Gae¨tan J. Karrillon, Marie Claude Morice, Edgar Benveniste, Pierre Bunouf, Pierre Aubry, Simon Cattan, Bernard Chevalier, Philippe Commeau, Alain Cribier, Charles Eiferman, Gilles Grollier, Yves Guerin, Michel Henry, Thierry Lefevre, Bernard Livarek, Yves Louvard, Jean Marco, Serge Makowski, Jean Pierre Monassier, Jean Marc Pernes, Philippe Rioux, Christian Spaulding, Gilles Zemour
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Stenting reduces both acute complications of coronary angioplasty and restenosis rates but increases subacute thrombosis rates and hemorrhagic complications when used with coumadin anticoagulation. Methods and Results To simplify postcoronary stenting treatment and to reduce these drawbacks, we evaluated the 1-month outcome of a prospective registry of 2900 patients in whom successful coronary artery stenting was performed without coumadin anticoagulation. Patients received 100 mg/d aspirin and 250 mg/d ticlopidine for 1 month. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment was progressively reduced in four consecutive stages, from 1-month treatment to none. Event-free outcome at 1 month was achieved in 2816 patients (97.1%). Major stent-related cardiac events were subacute closure in 51 patients (1.8%), including death in 12 (0.5%), acute myocardial infarction in 17 (0.6%), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 9 (0.3%). Stent thrombosis was more frequent with balloon size of &lt;3.0 mm (≤2.5 mm, 10%; 3.0 mm, 2.3%; ≥3.5 mm, 1.0%; P &lt;.001), bail-out situations (6.67% versus 1.38%, P &lt;.001), and patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction (2.2% versus 1.12%, P =.02). Bleeding complications that required transfusion, surgical repair, or both occurred in 55 patients (1.9%). Bleeding complications were related to female gender (4.0% versus 1.51%, P &lt;.001), duration of LMWH treatment (3.83% in phase II/III versus 0.69% in phase IV/V, P &lt;.001), sheath size (6F, 0.52%; 7F, 1.04%; ≥8F, 4.23%; P &lt;.001), bail-out situations (4.76% versus 1.67%, P &lt;.01), and saphenous graft stenting (4.38% versus 1.75%, P =.04). Conclusions These results suggest that poststenting treatment by ticlopidine/aspirin is an effective alternative to coumadin anticoagulation, achieving low rates of subacute closure and bleeding complications. LMWH treatment does not improve subacute reocclusion rates but increases bleeding complications. Furthermore, as bleeding complications were independently related to sheath size, we suggest that stenting with 6F guiding catheters may prevent local complications. Furthermore, the ticlopidine/aspirin combination allows a low-cost stenting strategy without ultrasound assessment of stent deployment and permits short in-hospital stay.
Pneumonitis with Alveolar-Capillary Block in a Cattle Rancher Exposed to Epizootic Bovine Abortion
Authors: Marshall G. Barnes, Henry Brainerd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

AGENTS of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-venereum-trachoma group (bedsoniae) have been isolated in cases of pneumonitis in both animals and man, and transmission of psittacosis and ornithosis to man by avian vectors is now well recognized. Sporadic outbreaks of pneumonitis due to so-called "human strains" of bedsoniae have occurred in San Francisco,1 the bayou region of Louisiana2 3 4 5 6 7 and Chicago.8 In these cases no animal reservoir of the infection could be directly incriminated.Cases of human infection with nonavian animal strains of bedsoniae have rarely been described. Two isolated cases of laboratory infection with the bedsonia strains responsible for bovine encephalomyelitis9 and enzootic abortion . . .
Medicine as a Science: Microbiology
Authors: David L. Belding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE late years of the previous century witnessed the rise of modern bacteriology and the inception of immunology. The greatest progress in these fields, however, has taken place in the first half of the present century. Notable advances have been made in our knowledge of the physiologic, chemical and antigenic characteristics of pathogenic micro-organisms and of their etiologic relationship to infectious diseases. Immunology has attained its full stature as an associated science. Antibiotics, other chemotherapeutic agents, antiserums, toxoids and vaccines have revolutionized treatment and prophylaxis. These rapid advances have introduced new concepts in the therapy and prevention of infectious diseases . . .
Comparison of D-G3139 and Its Enantiomer L-G3139 in Melanoma Cells Demonstrates Minimal In Vitro but Dramatic In Vivo Chiral Dependency
Authors: Johnathan C Lai, Bob D Brown, Anatoliy M Voskresenskiy, Stefan Vonhoff, Sven Klussman, Wenzhi Tan, Marco Colombini, Risini Weeratna, Paul Miller, Luba Benimetskaya, Cy A Stein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

G3139 (Genasense), an 18mer phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide targeted to the initiation codon region of the Bcl-2 messenger RNA (mRNA), downregulates Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression in many cell lines. However, both the in vitro and in vivo mechanisms of action of G3139 are still uncertain. The isosequential L-deoxyribose enantiomer L-G3139, which does not downregulate Bcl-2 expression, was synthesized to study the role of the Bcl-2 protein in melanoma cells. Both D-G3139 and L-G3139 bind nonspecifically to basic fibroblast growth factor with approximately the same K(c), and cause highly effective inhibition of net formation in 518A2 melanoma cells on Matrigel. The uptakes of D-G3139 and L-G3139 in melanoma cells were also similar. However, unlike D-G3139, L-G3139 does not produce poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 and procaspase-3 cleavage at 9.5 h after the initiation of the transfection, but can activate the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis at approximately 48 h. Furthermore, treatment of A375 melanoma human xenografts in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice demonstrates that tumor growth is not inhibited by L-G3139, whereas D-G3139 significantly inhibits the rate of tumor growth. Furthermore, the immunostimulatory properties of L-G3139 appear to be nil, which differs dramatically from those of D-G3139. In conclusion, profound differences exist between D-G3139 and L-G3139 in vivo despite their similarities in vitro.
STUDIES ON THE FLEXNER GROUP OF DYSENTERY BACILLI
Authors: Ely Perlman, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

A quantitative study of the serological cross-reactions of the somatic antigens of Types I, III, and I-III Shigella paradysenteriae has been made. From the results obtained it has been concluded that the somatic antigens of Shigella paradysenteriae (Flexner) Types I, III, and I-III are single chemical substances. The specificity and serological cross-reactions exhibited by these antigens are dependent upon similarities in their chemical constitutions.
Abstract 2130: Overcoming chemotherapy resistance by targeting LDHA mediated glycolysis
Authors: Zixing Liu, Ming Zhou, Yuhua Zhao, Ding Yan, Hao Liu, Ming Tan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Taxol is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with breast cancer. Despite impressive clinical responses initially, the majority of patients eventually develop resistance to Taxol. Lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) is one of the predominant isoforms of LDH expressed in breast tissue, which controls the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and plays an important role in glucose metabolism. In this study we investigated the role of LDH-A in mediating Taxol resistance in human breast cancer cells. Taxol-resistant subclones, derived from the cancer cell line MDA-MB-435, sustained continuous growth in high concentrations of Taxol while the Taxol-sensitive cells could not. The increased expression and activity of LDH-A were detected in Taxol-resistant cells when compared with their parental cells. The downregulation of LDH-A by siRNA significantly increased the sensitivity of Taxol-resistant cells to Taxol. A higher sensitivity to the specific LDH inhibitor, oxamate, was found in the Taxol-resistant cells. Furthermore, treating cells with the combination of Taxol and oxamate showed a synergistical inhibitory effect on Taxol-resistant breast cancer cells by promoting apoptosis in these cells. LDH-A plays an important role in Taxol resistance and inhibition of LDH-A re-sensitizes Taxol-resistant cells to Taxol. This supports that Warburg effect is a property of Taxol resistant cancer cells and may play an important role in the development of Taxol resistance. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the increased expression of LDH-A plays an important role in Taxol resistance of human breast cancer cells. This study provides valuable information for the future development and use of targeted therapies, such as oxamate, for the treatment of patients with Taxol-resistant breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2130
Recent Trends in Disability and Functioning Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Vicki A. Freedman, Linda G. Martin, Robert F. Schoeni
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Several well-publicized recent studies have suggested that disability among older Americans has declined in the last decade.To assess the quality, quantity, and consistency of recent evidence on US trends in the prevalence of self-rated old age disability and physical, cognitive, and sensory limitations during the late 1980s and 1990s and to evaluate the evidence on trends in disparities by major demographic groups.We searched MEDLINE and AGELINE for relevant articles published from January 1990 through May 2002 and reviewed reference lists in published articles.From more than 800 titles reviewed, we selected 16 articles based on 8 unique repeat cross-sectional and cohort surveys of US prevalence trends in disability or functioning among persons generally aged 65 or 70 years or older.We evaluated survey quality according to 10 criteria, ranked the surveys as good, fair, or poor, and calculated for each outcome the average annual percent change.Among the 8 surveys, 2 were rated as good, 4 as fair, 1 as poor, and 1 as mixed (fair or poor, depending on the outcome) for assessing trends. Analyses of surveys rated fair or good showed consistency of declines in any disability (-1.55% to -0.92% per year), instrumental activities of daily living disability (-2.74% to -0.40% per year), and functional limitations. Surveys provided limited evidence on cognition and conflicting evidence on self-reported ADL (changes ranged from -1.38% to 1.53% per year) and vision trends. Evidence on trends in disparities by age, sex, race, and education was limited and mixed, with no consensus yet emerging.Several measures of old age disability and limitations have shown improvements in the last decade. Research into the causes of these improvements is needed to understand the implications for the future demand for medical care.