tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prolactinoma: a question of rational treatment.
Authors: C R Edwards, C M Feek
Journal: BMJ (1981)

resistant to most of the commonly used antituberculosis drugs.In M kansasii infections, however, treatment with three drugs is often effective, the in-vitro drug resistance being of no prognostic importance.Amikacin, doxycycline, or cotrimoxazole may possibly be of benefit in M marinum infections.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF BIOMARKERS TO PREDICT STENT THROMBOSIS AFTER STEMI TREATED WITH DES: A HORIZONS-AMI SUBSTUDY WITH 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Bimmer E. Claessen, Gregg W. Stone, Roxana Mehran, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Bruce R. Brodie, Witold Ruzyllo, Krzysztof Zmudka, Giulio Guagliumi, Jochen Wöhrle, Kurt Huber, Janusz Kochman, Janusz Kochman, Elias Sanidas, Diaa Hakim, Vasiliki Chantziara, Selene Leon, George Dangas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Improved Life Expectancy for Children With Exstrophy of the Bladder
Authors: Michael T. Macfarlane
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Life-table techniques demonstrate a 98% ten-year survival, a 96% 20-year survival, and a 91% 35-year survival of children with exstrophy of the bladder. These figures represent a vast improvement over the earlier figures, due in large part to technical advances that have been made in the areas of surgery, anesthesia, and antibacterial and metabolic therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>242:442-444, 1979)
Cambodian health in transition
Authors: M. B. Heng, P J Key
Journal: BMJ (1995)

As conflict and suffering in Bosnia, Chechnya, Rwanda, and Zaire continue to be at the forefront of world attention, some countries seem to be largely forgotten. It is timely to take stock of conditions in the small country of Cambodia as it struggles to take its place after a long period of isolation. Countless Cambodians and ethic Vietnamese have died there this year and during the past 25 years, victims of senseless killing or preventable disease.During the past 20 years, millions of people have died in Cambodia as the result of violence, starvation, and preventable diseases. During this period, the public health system was also decimated as health professionals were killed. Efforts to provide health care were further stymied by inadequate training and low salaries that forced doctors to depend upon private practices in urban areas for their income. The health indicators in Cambodia reflect this situation, with life expectancy at 47 years for men and 49 for women, infant mortality at 120/1000 live births, child mortality at 190/1000, and maternal mortality at 9/1000 births. Malaria causes 5000-10,000 deaths each year, and the annual incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is 250/100,000. The spread of HIV in South East Asia is also posing a major threat to Cambodia, and each month 300-400 people are injured or die as a result of the explosion of 1 of the 13 million land mines (scattered throughout the country of 9 million inhabitants). Many Cambodians suffer mental illness as a result of the decades of violence and displacement. Today Cambodians are struggling to reestablish their public health system with the help of international donor agencies, and there is hope that an appropriate and sustainable system will be in place within 10 years.
The Junction Between the Left Atrium and the Pulmonary Veins
Authors: H. NATHAN, M. Eliakim
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Some anatomic features of the posterior wall of the left atrium, the atrial-pulmonary venous junctions, and the myocardial sleeves extending over the pulmonary veins, as observed in 16 human hearts, are described. Different patterns of direction of the myocardial fibers of the atrial wall were found in the different specimens. The atrial wall between the upper pulmonary veins was consistently thicker than that between the lower ones. Similarly, the sphincter-like structures of the atrial-pulmonary venous junctions were generally more conspicuous, and the myocardial venous sleeves better developed in the superior than in the inferior pulmonary veins. The physiological and pathological implications of these findings are discussed.
Coronary wedge pressure during percutaneous coronary intervention can predict late left ventricular remodeling after reperfusion in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Koichi Tamita, Takashi Akasaka, Atsushi Yamamuro, Tsutomu Takagi, Kazuaki Tanabe, Kunihiko Nagai, Tomoko Tani, Kenji Yamabe, Minako Katayama, Motoaki Ibuki, Shigefumi Morioka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
CONSERVATIVE SURGERY OF THE SCLEROTIC OVARY.
Authors: HUGO O. PANTZER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The real risk to life appertaining to the early peritoneal surgery, in the past, incurred and justified very radical measures. The comparative safety of the modern methods of operating no longer sanction special indications and rules for this field of surgery. Utmost conservatism is the essential characteristic of the principles and practices of general surgery. To-day these must apply to, and, fortunately, quite generally prevail in, gynecic surgery. Efforts along this line show eminent successes, albeit many disappointments as yet attend such a course. Its limitations require as yet greater definition. The notable gratifying result obtained in the following case has offset, in the writer's experience, many less satisfactory and even disappointing results from conservative operative work persisted in through many years. Its narration here, it is hoped, may have it exert its stimulating effect on the efforts of those likewise engaged. Cirrhotic ovaries at this
Workgroup Report: Base Stations and Wireless Networks—Radiofrequency (RF) Exposures and Health Consequences
Authors: Peter A. Valberg, T. Emilie van Deventer, Michael H. Repacholi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Radiofrequency (RF) waves have long been used for different types of information exchange via the air waves--wireless Morse code, radio, television, and wireless telephone (i.e., construction and operation of telephones or telephone systems). Increasingly larger numbers of people rely on mobile telephone technology, and health concerns about the associated RF exposure have been raised, particularly because the mobile phone handset operates in close proximity to the human body, and also because large numbers of base station antennas are required to provide widespread availability of service to large populations. The World Health Organization convened an expert workshop to discuss the current state of cellular-telephone health issues, and this article brings together several of the key points that were addressed. The possibility of RF health effects has been investigated in epidemiology studies of cellular telephone users and workers in RF occupations, in experiments with animals exposed to cell-phone RF, and via biophysical consideration of cell-phone RF electric-field intensity and the effect of RF modulation schemes. As summarized here, these separate avenues of scientific investigation provide little support for adverse health effects arising from RF exposure at levels below current international standards. Moreover, radio and television broadcast waves have exposed populations to RF for > 50 years with little evidence of deleterious health consequences. Despite unavoidable uncertainty, current scientific data are consistent with the conclusion that public exposures to permissible RF levels from mobile telephone and base stations are not likely to adversely affect human health.
A 54-Year-Old Woman With Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Anthony J. Lembo
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Leptin: A Molecule Integrating Somatic Energy Stores, Energy Expenditure and Fertility
Authors: Michael Rosenbaum, Rudolph L Leibel
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1998)

The signaling of fat mass to central nervous system (CNS) regulators of food intake, energy expenditure and fertility has been inferred by experimental physiologists for over 75 years. The ability to modify such phenotypes based upon the status of body energy stores (fat) has critical survival value and, therefore, has been the object of potent selection pressure in evolution. The recent molecular cloning of the mouse ob mutation and the subsequent elucidation of the fundamentals of its regulatory physiology has identified a protein secreted by adipocytes, leptin, as a plausible candidate for a humoral signal with the requisite endocrinology and neurobiology.
Multicentric Primary Spinal Hodgkin??s Lymphoma: PET/CT and MR Imaging
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen, Michael C. Roarke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Primary spinal Hodgkin lymphoma without classic nodal lesions or advanced systemic disease is uncommon. As a result of its rarity and nonspecific symptomatology, it may be inadequately evaluated at initial presentation and frequently mistaken for other pathologic processes. The authors present a case of Hodgkin disease with multiple vertebral lesions demonstrated by PET/CT and MR.
Spontaneous Functional Closing of Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Alexander S. Nadas, Lewis P. Scott, Anna J. Hauck, Abraham M. Rudolph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SINCE the advent of open-heart surgery ventricular septal defects have become a surgically correctable anomaly. Surgeons, in their understandable enthusiasm, have recommended early repair of these defects for a variety of reasons. To stem the tide of indiscriminate operation, cardiologists have pointed to the benign nature of some defects, to the relative stability of the pulmonary arterial pressure throughout childhood, to the development of "protective" infundibular stenosis and, last but not least, to the high mortality of open-heart surgery in infancy.The 4 cases reported below exemplify spontaneous diminution and even elimination of a sizable left-to-right shunt through a ventricular . . .
Organization of Medical Services in a Private Nursing Home — Three New Approaches
Authors: James G. Haughton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SINCE the turn of the century several factors have operated to increase the life expectancy of the average American. Among these are advances in medical science as reflected in the marked gains in the control and elimination of infectious diseases and the improved standards of living. In 1961 life expectancy at birth reached an overall average of seventy years. By 1970 an additional two years may be added. Nearly half those reaching the age of sixty-five will live to their eightieth birthday.1 As a result of these and other factors, an increasing proportion of the population is surviving to reach . . .
Petrol pollution worries royal commission
Authors: N Craft
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Super unleaded petrol, which accounts for about 8% of petrol sales, is unsafe and should be banned, according to a new report from the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. The commission reveals that unleaded super premium petrol typically has a much higher aromatics content (about 45%) than either premium leaded (about 30%) or premium unleaded (about 33%). The report recommends that the government should act not only to end the sale of unleaded super premium petrol but also to support a reduction in the permitted benzene content of petrol to 1%, from the current average in petrol sold in Britain of 2–3%.

Evidence to the commission from sources including local authorities, environmental pressure groups, and individuals focused on …
Inferior Oblique Muscle Injury from Local Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery
Authors: David G. Hunter, Geoffrey C. Lam, David L. Guyton
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

Background: Vertical rectus muscle injury is commonly cited as a cause of stra bismus after cataract surgery.Injury to the inferior oblique muscle or nerve as a com plication of cataract surgery has not been described previously.Methods: Four patients without pre-existing strabismus who had diplopia after cat aract surgery were studied.Analysis included prism and cover testing, Lancaster red green testing, and fundus torsion assessment.Results: Three patients had a delayed-onset hypertropia with fundus extorsion in the eye that underwent surgery, which is consistent with inferior oblique muscle over action secondary to presumed contracture.The fourth patient had an immediate-onset hypotropia with fundus intorsion in the eye that underwent surgery, which is consistent with inferior oblique muscle paresis.Damage to a vertical rectus muscle or "unmasking" of a pre-existing superior oblique muscle paresis could not explain the history and findings in this group of four patients. Conclusion:The inferior oblique muscle contracture observed in three patients may have been caused by local anesthetic myotoxicity, whereas the paresis observed in one patient may have been due to mechanical trauma or anesthetic toxicity directly to the nerve innervating the muscle.Inferior oblique muscle or nerve injury should be considered as another possible cause of postoperative strabismus, especially when significant fundus torsion accompanies a vertical deviation.Ophthalmology 1995;102:501-509 Diplopia after successful cataract surgery is disappointing for both patient and surgeon and can be difficult to man age in some cases.In most patients, persistent binocular diplopia is due to strabismus. 1 • 2 In a review of strabismus or binocular diplopia presenting after cataract extraction, Hamed 2 outlined the following four broad categories for
Impairment of the arterial baroreflex during symptomatic and silent myocardial ischemia in humans
Authors: Guido Pomidossi, Antonio Saino, Rodolfo Perondi, Luisa Gregorini, Patrizia Alessio, Alberto Rimini, Stefano Omboni, Alberto Zanchetti, Giuseppe Mancia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Monoamine oxidase A mediates prostate tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis
Authors: Jason Boyang Wu, Chen Shao, Xiangyan Li, Qinlong Li, Peizhen Hu, Changhong Shi, Yang Li, Yi-Ting Chen, Fei Yin, Chun-Peng Liao, Bangyan L. Stiles, Haiyen E. Zhau, Jean C. Shih, Leland W.K. Chung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Tumors from patients with high-grade aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) exhibit increased expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA), a mitochondrial enzyme that degrades monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Despite the association between MAOA and aggressive PCa, it is unclear how MAOA promotes PCa progression. Here, we found that MAOA functions to induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stabilize the transcription factor HIF1α, which mediates hypoxia through an elevation of ROS, thus enhancing growth, invasiveness, and metastasis of PCa cells. Knockdown and overexpression of MAOA in human PCa cell lines indicated that MAOA induces EMT through activation of VEGF and its coreceptor neuropilin-1. MAOA-dependent activation of neuropilin-1 promoted AKT/FOXO1/TWIST1 signaling, allowing FOXO1 binding at the TWIST1 promoter. Importantly, the MAOA-dependent HIF1α/VEGF-A/FOXO1/TWIST1 pathway was activated in high-grade PCa specimens, and knockdown of MAOA reduced or even eliminated prostate tumor growth and metastasis in PCa xenograft mouse models. Pharmacological inhibition of MAOA activity also reduced PCa xenograft growth in mice. Moreover, high MAOA expression in PCa tissues correlated with worse clinical outcomes in PCa patients. These findings collectively characterize the contribution of MAOA in PCa pathogenesis and suggest that MAOA has potential as a therapeutic target in PCa.
Abstract 3371: Gastric cancer stem/initiating cells are enriched in the CD44 fraction of EpCAM expressing cells
Authors: Eileen Teng, Hui Shan Chong, Ting Ting Wang, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Amy YL Tay, Jimmy BY So, Shing-Leng Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been discovered in cancers of many tissues but they have not been explored for gastric cancer. A candidate approach was taken to isolate putative gastric cancer stem cells from primary gastric cancer specimens because surface markers have been used to describe CSCs from different cancers. Cells dissociated from biopsy samples extracted from primary tumour and non-tumour sites of the same patient were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell surface markers surveyed include CD45 for hematopoietic cells, CD31 for endothelial cells, CD44, CD133, CD34, CD117, CD166, CD90 and EpCAM as potential cancer stem cell markers. EpCAM levels were found to be higher in cells isolated from the tumor than non-tumor sites. Using median fluorescence intensity, it was found that cells at the tumor site express 1.2-1.7 fold higher level of EpCAM. This was observed in histopathologically distinct types of gastric tumors, namely intestinal subtypes that are well, moderately and poorly differentiated. Data from diffused type gastric tumors were not as consistent mainly because of sampling difficulties. 100,000 EpCAM-positive cells form xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice whereas 500,000 EpCAM-negative cells from a fraction that was not hematopoietic (CD45-negative), endothelial (CD31-negative) nor fibroblastic (CD140b-negative) were unable to do so. To further enrich for gastric cancer stem cells, the EpCAM-positive cells were sorted based on EpCAM+CD44+ or EpCAM+CD133+ cells. To expand the tumor material, we generated xenograft tumors directly from fresh tumor pieces. Histological analyses verified that the xenograft tumors recapitulate those in the patient samples. Cells dissociated from the xenograft tumor were then subjected to CSC identification assays. To date, three lines of xenograft tumors were generated from tumor tissues of well, moderately and poorly differentiated histological subtype of gastric cancers. As few as 1000 EpCAM+CD44+ cells were able to initiate tumors in NOD/SCID mice whereas 20,000 EpCAM+CD44- cells were required to do so. We are currently doing limiting dilution assays to estimate the number of cancer initiating cells in each fraction we isolate from the xenografts. We were unable to see differential tumorigenic potentials in EpCAM+CD133+ and EpCAM+CD133- fractions. In conclusion, we have identified a subpopulation of gastric cancer cells that potentially mark gastric cancer stem cells as characterized by their cancer-initiating potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3371.
Primary care for children in the 21st century
Authors: David Hall, David Sowden
Journal: BMJ (2005)

sive self management programmes in women have also been shown to work. 11 12 Thompson, however, said recently that most patients with irritable bowel syndrome require no drug treatment.w4 For most patients, irritable bowel syndrome is an intrusive and sometimes debilitating condition, but it is never fatal in itself.Therefore, we must be certain that any new treatment is truly effective and has a clinically significant benefit over placebo, and must do no harm.
Disparities in HbA1c Levels Between African-American and Non-Hispanic White Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Julienne K. Kirk, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Ronny A. Bell, Leah V. Passmore, Denise E. Bonds, Andrew J. Karter, K.M. Venkat Narayan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Among individuals with diabetes, a comparison of HbA(1c) (A1C) levels between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites was evaluated. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, the Combined Health Information Database, and the Education Resources Information Center.We executed a search for articles published between 1993 and 2005. Data on sample size, age, sex, A1C, geographical location, and study design were extracted. Cross-sectional data and baseline data from clinical trials and cohort studies for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were included. Diabetic subjects aged <18 years and those with pre-diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the difference in the mean values of A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites.A total of 391 studies were reviewed, of which 78 contained A1C data. Eleven had data on A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites and met selection criteria. A meta-analysis revealed the standard effect to be 0.31 (95% CI 0.39-0.25). This standard effect correlates to an A1C difference between groups of approximately 0.65%, indicating a higher A1C across studies for African Americans. Grouping studies by study type (cross-sectional or cohort), method of data collection for A1C (chart review or blood draw), and insurance status (managed care or nonmanaged care) showed similar results.The higher A1C observed in this meta-analysis among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites may contribute to disparity in diabetes morbidity and mortality in this population.
Heel Lesions of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1954)

Two lesions affecting the heel in rheumatoid arthritis have received little or no attention of recent years: one involves the plantar surface of the calcaneus and the calcaneal spur, and the other the synovial bursa between the insertion of the Achilles tendon into the calcaneus and the calcaneus itself.This note is designed primarily to draw attention to the sub-Achilles lesion, since it may be the presenting sign of rheumatoid arthritis and is often a major complaint: secondarily, to point out that the plantar surface of the calcaneus is often actively involved in rheumatoid arthritis and to indicate the nature of the involvement.Normal Anatomy.-Normally (Fig. la, opposite), the Achilles tendon is inserted about 2cm.below the upper surface of the calcaneus; the latter is covered with-fibro-cartilage opposite the free tendon (Fig. lb), and the bursal space is lined over the tendon by a thin synovium, and at its margins by synovium-covered fatty pads (Fig. lc); there is a very small amount of viscous fluid.With advancing age, some cartilage degeneration occurs (Fig. 2); this is well described by Rossler (1896) on the basis of 225 Fig. 2.-Bone, showing cartilage degeneration in later life.bursae examined from about 140 cadavers of various ages.The bone, however, remains intact throughout life, and x rays show a smooth strong cortical layer.The plantar surface of the os calcaneus (Fig. 3) is Fig. 3.-Plantar surface of calcaneus (x 7) in normal female aged 36, with x ray inset.Note smooth cortical bone.42