tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Has the UK government lost the battle over MMR?
Authors: Paul Bellaby
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Possibly, but the war can still be won by openness and communication 

Since the World Health Organization introduced its Expanded Programme on Immunization in 1974, multiple vaccinations—such as for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTP) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)—have been used to help eradicate childhood diseases that cause death and disability worldwide. Smallpox has already been eradicated. The United Kingdom has provided DTP since the 1950s and MMR since 1988. Lowered prevalence rates of disease, serological surveys, and treatment specific trials have lent support to this policy.1 2 In short, evidence already exists.

Unfortunately not all countries have the infrastructure that is required to put the evidence into practice. This deficiency is greatest in infancy, when the window of opportunity between maternally derived immunity and susceptibility to infection is narrowest and childhood diseases kill and disable most.3 In Ethiopia in 1974, the World Health Organization reached only 12% of its child targets. By contrast, in the United Kingdom in 1998 the …
Capriccio in February
Authors: Michael E. Steier
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enjoyed Dr Southgate's biographical sketch of Paul Klee and her interpretation of the symbolism within<i>Capriccio in February</i>. There is a prominent symbol not well disguised or distorted that appears to me at least to overpower the others. Does the "X" represent a swastika? This would be understandable in terms of the Nazi treatment of his works and the year in which<i>Capriccio</i>was completed.
Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase enhances arsenic-induced DNA strand breaks in PHA-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes.
Authors: D Li, K Morimoto, T Takeshita, Y Lu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

To confirm that arsenic (As) induces oxidative DNA damage in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and unstimulated human lymphocytes, we used the alkaline comet assay combined with specific enzyme [formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (FPG)] digestion to measure As-induced base damage. The results showed that the enzyme-sensitive sites were readily detected with the alkaline comet assay after the cells were treated with 10 microM As for 2 hr. The repair patterns observed for FPG-created DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) in As-treated cells were comparable to those in hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-treated cells. The enzyme-created SSBs, As-induced base damage, were more significant in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. About 63% and 68% of SSBs induced by As and H(2)O(2), respectively, were repaired in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes by 2-hr repair incubation, but about 34% and 43%, respectively, were repaired in unstimulated cells. About 40% and 49% of base damage induced by As and H(2)O(2), respectively, were repaired in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, but about 19% and 21%, respectively, were repaired in unstimulated cells. These results indicated that As induced oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes at micromolar concentrations. The damaged bases could be chiefly purines or formamidopyrimidines. Like the damage induced by H(2)O(2), As-induced DNA damage was repaired more slowly in unstimulated lymphocytes.
972 MOLECULAR PROFILES IN HUMAN NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)-RELATED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) ASSESSED BY WHOLE GENOME BIOARRAY HYBRIDIZATION
Authors: J.T. Stefano, C.P.M.S. Oliveira, M.L. Correa-Giannella, M.S. Kubrusly, M. Bellodi-Privato, S.H. Caldwell, V.A.F. Alves, F.J. Carrilho
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cool Question: Warm Reply
Authors: William Kaufman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Questions and Answers section of the January 15,1992, issue of<i>The Journal</i>,<sup>1</sup>a physician asks if a subgroup of persons exists whose temperature, in the absence of illness, never exceeds 97°F (36.1°C) but who have a fever when their temperature exceeds 99°F (37.2°C), and during a febrile illness, have temperatures that never exceed 100°F (37.8°C). In his answer, Hirschmann<sup>1</sup>described temperature variations in healthy persons indicating that temperatures below 98.6°F (37.0°C) are common. Hirschmann's lowest oral temperatures ranged between 97.5°F (36.4°C) and 97.8°F (36.6°C).<sup>1</sup>But these are not the low normal temperatures of "naturally hypothermic" persons. Petersdorf and Root<sup>2</sup>report that in healthy individuals, oral temperatures may be as low as 96.5°F (35.8°C). They found that oral temperatures of 97°F (36.1°C) are not uncommon on awakening, and that lowest diurnal temperatures occur between 2 AM and 4 AM. Temperatures peak at
Overdose with ibuprofen causing unconsciousness and hypotension.
Authors: D P Hunt, R J Leigh
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Comparison of actions of disodium cromoglycate and ketotifen on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in childhood asthma Ketotifen (Zaditen), a benzocycloheptathiophene derivative, is a new oral agent for treating asthma, with action similar in some respects to that of sodium cromoglycate.It is well established that sodium cromoglycate protects against antigen challenge by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from mast cells.It also inhibits exercise- induced bronchoconstriction and has bronchodilator properties.' Ketotifen has a similar capacity to inhibit the release of chemical mediators from mast cells.2Its clinical effectiveness is still uncertain.3Patients, methods, and resultsTwenty-three children with a clinical history of asthma and a value on the Jones lability index greater than 20 % were examined.The decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) below the resting value was examined and remeasured on another day after the child had been given 20 mg sodium cromoglycate solution via a Wright nebuliser and mains-driven compressor (Aerosol Products Ltd) 15 minutes before running.On a third day the test was repeated with 20 mg sodium cromoglycate powder given 15 minutes before exercise.It was repeated on a fourth day after the patient had received three days' treatment with ketotifen (1 mg twice a day by mouth).The last dose was given two hours before the test.The percentage fall index ((PEFR at rest-PEFR after exercise/PEFR at rest) x 100) was measured in each case. CommentMany patients with rheumatological disorders are treated with ibuprofen.From this case apparently a depressed level of conscious- ness and hypotension may result soon after ingestion of more than the maximum dose.Side effects when taking the normal dose include headache, amblyopia, and lightheadedness but there is no record of depressed consciousness.The findings of Adams et all in animals on 19 July
The prognosis and risk of missing malignant disease in patients with unexplained and functional diarrhoea
Authors: C. F. Hawkins, R. Cockel
Journal: Gut (1971)

One hundred and sixty-three patients who had been diagnosed as suffering from diarrhoea without an organic cause were followed up to assess the risk of missing malignant disease. Three patients with carcinoma, two involving the stomach and one the colon had escaped diagnosis and the reasons for this are given. Prognosis in the others was usually good.
Different Moderators of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Subjective and Objective Binge Eating in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder: A Three-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Giovanni Castellini, Edoardo Mannucci, Carolina Lo Sauro, Laura Benni, Lisa Lazzeretti, Claudia Ravaldi, Carlo M. Rotella, Carlo Faravelli, Valdo Ricca
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of binge eating in bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective binge eating episodes in the two syndromes.85 BN and 133 BED patients were studied. Objective and subjective binge eating, and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2).At baseline, BN and BED patients showed different emotions associated with binge eating: anger/frustration for BN and depression for BED patients. Objective binge eating frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in BN patients, and with lower emotional eating and depressive symptoms in BED patients. Lower subjective binge eating frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both BN and BED patients. Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for BN patients, and lower depression and emotional eating for BED patients.Eating psychopathology, psychiatric comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective binge eating in BN and BED patients, and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective binge eating deserves an accurate assessment.
US endocrinologists release "choose wisely" list
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Endocrine Society and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists have released a list of five common endocrinology practices whose use should be questioned.1

The list is part of the American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation’s “Choose Wisely” program, an initiative that calls on specialty organizations to identify common practices that may not be necessary and could actually be harmful. To date, more than 50 specialty societies have joined the campaign.2

The lists are not meant to be prescriptive guidelines on practice but rather seek to identify common practices whose necessity healthcare providers should question and whose risks and benefits …
TONE AND REACTIVITY OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE IN GERMFREE RAT MESENTERY
Authors: Silvio Baez, Helmut A. Gordon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Microcirculatory observations and measurements were made by in vivo microscopy in 35 germfree and 26 conventional rats. The rate of vasomotor activity, "vasomotion," of precapillary arterioles was found markedly decreased in the germfree animals. All precapillary vessels in the germfree rats were markedly hyporeactive to the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, as compared to similar vessels of conventional rats. The vessels in the germfree animals were also less responsive to vasopressin but not angiotensin. A greater lumen:wall ratio of primary arterioles, but not of secondary arterioles and metarterioles, found in germfree animals is related to change in vessel lumen alone without concomitant change in wall thickness. The germfree rat is characterized by possessing a hypotonic, catecholamine-refractory mesoappendix microvasculature.
Review: Immediate routine lumbar-spine imaging does not improve clinical outcomes in low-back pain
Authors: Timothy S. Carey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club16 June 2009Review: Immediate routine lumbar-spine imaging does not improve clinical outcomes in low-back painTimothy S. Carey, MD, MPHTimothy S. Carey, MD, MPHCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (T.S.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-12-200906160-02007 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChou R, Fu R, Carrino JA, Deyo RA. Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;373:463-72. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19200918Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Rheumatology: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (T.S.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 2 June 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 June 2009Volume 150, Issue 12Page: JC6-7KeywordsComputed axial tomographyLower back painMagnetic resonance imagingPatientsPsychiatry and mental healthQuality of lifeRheumatic painRheumatologySystematic reviews ePublished: 16 June 2009 Issue Published: 16 June 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Androgen Withdrawal in Patients Reduces Prostate Cancer Hypoxia: Implications for Disease Progression and Radiation Response
Authors: Michael Milosevic, Peter Chung, Chris Parker, Robert Bristow, Ants Toi, Tony Panzarella, Padraig Warde, Charles Catton, Cynthia Menard, Andrew Bayley, Mary Gospodarowicz, Richard Hill
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Hypoxia is a feature of many human malignancies, and leads to aggressive clinical behavior and recurrence after treatment. Here, we show for the first time that androgen withdrawal reduces prostate cancer hypoxia in patients. Oxygen measurements were done in 248 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer prior to radiotherapy, and showed hypoxia of potential biological and clinical significance. In 22 of these patients, prostate oxygen levels were measured both before and after 30 to 145 days of the androgen antagonist bicalutamide. There was a significant reduction in tumor hypoxia with androgen withdrawal (P = 0.005). The median pO2 increased from 6.4 to 15 mm Hg, and the hypoxic proportion decreased from 40% to 31%. However, the response was heterogeneous, with improvement in 12 patients, stable oxygen readings in 9 patients and worsening hypoxia in 1 patient. Among the responding patients, the median pO2 increased from 4.9 to 33 mm Hg, and the hypoxic proportion decreased from 51% to 23%. There was no apparent relationship between the change in oxygenation and baseline prostatic volume, T category, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen levels, the duration of treatment with bicalutamide, or the change in prostate-specific antigen levels with bicalutamide. These results might, in part, explain the improved patient outcome that has been observed in clinical trials of radiotherapy and hormones, and suggest a role for novel therapeutic agents that block the molecular response to hypoxia in prostate cancer either alone or in combination with other established treatments. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6022–5]
Andreoli and Carpenter’s Cecil Essentials of Medicine
Authors: Natasha Bagdasarian
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B68: miR-218 opposes an important RTK–HIF signaling pathway in Glioblastoma
Authors: Lijoy K. Mathew, Nicolas Skuli, Vera Mucaj, Samuel S. Lee, Sriram Venneti, Priti Lal, Justin D. Lathia, Jeremy N. Rich, Brian Keith, Andy J. Minn, M Celeste Simon
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are highly malignant primary brain tumors, and the Mesenchymal GBM subtype in particular, frequently exhibit regions of severe hypoxia and necrosis. As these features correlate with poor prognosis, we investigated miRNAs whose expression might regulate ischemic cell survival and growth. We found that miR-218 expression is significantly repressed in highly necrotic and chemoresistant Mesenchymal GBMs, compared to the Proneural subtype. Furthermore, restoring miR-218 expression in glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs) significantly sensitizes orthotopic xenograft tumors to chemotherapeutic treatment, suggesting that low miR-218 confers GBM chemoresistance. Moreover, reduced miR-218 levels correlate with poor survival and rapid recurrence in human Mesenchymal GBM patients treated with radio- and chemotherapy (in contrast, no survival differences were observed in other GBM subtypes). Importantly, miR-218 targets multiple components of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathways, and reduced miR-218 expression increases their abundance and activity, thereby overcoming RTK inhibitory homeostatic mechanisms that normally modulate active signaling. We further demonstrate that HIFs, specifically HIF2α, function as downstream effectors of the low miR-218-RTK activation cascade in GSC cells. In strong support of our experimental findings, we observed a significant correlation between elevated HIF activity and low miR-218 expression in Mesenchymal GBM patient samples; in contrast, no correlation was observed in Proneural tumors. Altogether, our data reveal a novel functional association between miR-218 expression and HIF2α activity, and delineate RTK activation as the mechanistic link between the two in highly necrotic GBMs. Moreover, as tumor hypoxia is associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis, our results uncover a new mechanism whereby miR-218 repression enhances HIF activity, and contributes to the chemoresistant phenotype predominantly seen in Mesenchymal GBM. Citation Format: Lijoy K. Mathew, Nicolas Skuli, Vera Mucaj, Samuel S. Lee, Sriram Venneti, Priti Lal, Justin D. Lathia, Jeremy N. Rich, Brian Keith, Andy J. Minn, M Celeste Simon. miR-218 opposes an important RTK–HIF signaling pathway in Glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B68. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B68
Transition from Intravenous Epoprostenol to Intravenous Treprostinil in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Victor F. Tapson, Raymond L. Benza, Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Abigail Krichman, Allison C. Widlitz, Robyn J. Barst
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Rationale: Intravenous epoprostenol improves exercise capacity and survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The prostacyclin analog treprostinil is also efficacious by subcutaneous infusion, is easier to administer, and has a longer half-life. With the demonstration of bioequivalence between subcutaneous and intravenous treprostinil, intravenous treprostinil may have an overall better risk–benefit profile than intravenous epoprostenol.Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of transitioning patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension from intravenous epoprostenol to intravenous treprostinil.Methods: Patients enrolled in a 12-wk prospective open label study were switched from intravenous epoprostenol to intravenous treprostinil over 24 to 48 h. The intravenous treprostinil dose was adjusted to minimize symptoms/side effects.Results: Thirty-one patients (mean age, 43 yr; 22 women) were enrolled. Twenty-seven patients completed the protocol; 4 patients transitioned back to epoprostenol. Six-minute walk distance (n = 27; baseline, 438 ± 16 m; Week 12, 439 ± 16 m), Naughton-Balke treadmill test time (n = 26; baseline, 582 ± 50 s; Week 12, 622 ± 48 s), functional class, and Borg score were maintained with intravenous treprostinil at Week 12 versus intravenous epoprostenol before transition. At Week 12, mean pulmonary artery pressure increased 4 ± 1 mm Hg (n = 27, p < 0.01), cardiac index decreased 0.4 ± 0.1 L/min/m2 (n = 27, p = 0.01), and pulmonary vascular resistance increased 3 ± 1 Wood units · m2 (n = 26, p < 0.01). No serious adverse events were attributed to treprostinil.Conclusions: These data suggest that transition from intravenous epoprostenol to intravenous treprostinil is safe and effective; whether the hemodynamic differences associated with intravenous treprostinil are clinically important requires longer follow-up.
Chronic Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis: Evaluation and Determinants of Survival During Long-Term Follow-up
Authors: David W. Orr, Phillip M. Harrison, John Devlin, John B. Karani, Pauline A. Kane, Nigel D. Heaton, John G. O’Grady, Michael A. Heneghan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Reliability of Classifying Multiple Sclerosis Disease Activity Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Multiple Sclerosis Clinic
Authors: Ebru Erbayat Altay, Elizabeth Fisher, Stephen E. Jones, Claire Hara-Cleaver, Jar-Chi Lee, Richard A. Rudick
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

To assess the reliability of new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion counts by clinicians in a multiple sclerosis specialty clinic.An observational study.A multiple sclerosis specialty clinic.Eighty-five patients with multiple sclerosis participating in a National Institutes of Health–supported longitudinal study were included.Each patient had a brain MRI scan at entry and 6 months later using a standardized protocol.The number of new T2 lesions, newly enlarging T2 lesions, and gadolinium-enhancing lesions were measured on the 6-month MRI using a computer-based image analysis program for the original study. For this study, images were reanalyzed by an expert neuroradiologist and 3 clinician raters. The neuroradiologist evaluated the original image pairs; the clinicians evaluated image pairs that were modified to simulate clinical practice. New lesion counts were compared across raters, as was classification of patients as MRI active or inactive.Agreement on lesion counts was highest for gadolinium-enhancing lesions, intermediate for new T2 lesions, and poor for enlarging T2 lesions. In 18% to 25% of the cases, MRI activity was classified differently by the clinician raters compared with the neuroradiologist or computer program. Variability among the clinical raters for estimates of new T2 lesions was affected most strongly by the image modifications that simulated low image quality and different head position.Between-rater variability in new T2 lesion counts may be reduced by improved standardization of image acquisitions, but this approach may not be practical in most clinical environments. Ultimately, more reliable, robust, and accessible image analysis methods are needed for accurate multiple sclerosis disease-modifying drug monitoring and decision making in the routine clinic setting.