tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SUDDEN DEATH AFTER ELECTRIC SHOCK TREATMENT DUE TO TRACHEAL AND BRONCHIAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: WERNER TUTEUR
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

A case is described of a 34-year-old male who expired suddenly during electroshock treatment. His death was ascribed to congestion of the trachea and main bronchi with viscous pus-like mucous material. In any possibility, his death cannot be ascribed to cardiac or cerebral damage. The case is an addition to the relatively small series of fatalities due to electric shock treatment, a total of only 40 having been described in the American and English literature. Needless to say, care should be taken to have a patient properly ventilate before electric shock treatment, especially after having been in continous restraint for a considerable length of time.
Epigenetic changes induced by adenosine augmentation therapy prevent epileptogenesis
Authors: Rebecca L. Williams-Karnesky, Ursula S. Sandau, Theresa A. Lusardi, Nikki K. Lytle, Joseph M. Farrell, Eleanor M. Pritchard, David L. Kaplan, Detlev Boison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Epigenetic modifications, including changes in DNA methylation, lead to altered gene expression and thus may underlie epileptogenesis via induction of permanent changes in neuronal excitability. Therapies that could inhibit or reverse these changes may be highly effective in halting disease progression. Here we identify an epigenetic function of the brain's endogenous anticonvulsant adenosine, showing that this compound induces hypomethylation of DNA via biochemical interference with the transmethylation pathway. We show that inhibition of DNA methylation inhibited epileptogenesis in multiple seizure models. Using a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy, we identified an increase in hippocampal DNA methylation, which correlates with increased DNA methyltransferase activity, disruption of adenosine homeostasis, and spontaneous recurrent seizures. Finally, we used bioengineered silk implants to deliver a defined dose of adenosine over 10 days to the brains of epileptic rats. This transient therapeutic intervention reversed the DNA hypermethylation seen in the epileptic brain, inhibited sprouting of mossy fibers in the hippocampus, and prevented the progression of epilepsy for at least 3 months. These data demonstrate that pathological changes in DNA methylation homeostasis may underlie epileptogenesis and reversal of these epigenetic changes with adenosine augmentation therapy may halt disease progression.
The Effects of Combined Versus Selective Adrenergic Blockade on Left Ventricular and Systemic Hemodynamics, Myocardial Substrate Preference, and Regional Perfusion in Conscious Dogs With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lazaros A. Nikolaidis, Indu Poornima, Pratik Parikh, Megan Magovern, You-Tang Shen, Richard P. Shannon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Rupture of Aortic Valve Secondary to Aneurysm of Ascending Aorta
Authors: MORRIS J. LEVY, DAVID L. SIEGAL, YANG WANG, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A case of aneurysm of the ascending aorta, the result of cystic medial necrosis, is presented. The feature of peculiar interest is that as the diseased part of the aorta became elongated it stretched the attached aortic cusps. As a consequence, one cusp developed a gross fenestration, while the other ruptured and prolapsed.
Suicide Among College Students
Authors: MATHEW ROSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

This survey of British and U. S. studies of college student suicide indicates that there is an unusually high rate of suicide among college students; it is a significant cause of student death. The author believes that college student suicide is predictable and preventable and that early recognition (especially of depression, the most frequent forerunner of suicidal attempts) and prompt, appropriate treatment are still the mainstay of preventive efforts.
James Cameron Gould
Authors: I. M Gould
Journal: BMJ (2008)

James Cameron Gould, known as “Cam” or “Camy” to friends and family, was an eminent clinician, bacteriologist, and scientist. Eldest of two sons of an Edinburgh dentist, he was born in 1923 and educated at George Watson’s College and Edinburgh University, where he graduated BSc (Hons) in pure science in 1944, doing very early work on the production of penicillin. He qualified MB ChB in 1945, BSc first class honours in 1946, and MD with commendation in 1959. After marrying Margaret Billett in 1946, an Edinburgh Royal Infirmary trained nurse, Cam volunteered for the Royal Army Medical …
ANGIOGRAPHIC VERSUS FUNCTIONAL SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS IN ASIANS
Authors: Ju-Hee Lee, Sang Eun Lee, Joon Hyung Doh, Chang-Wook Nam, Seung-Ho Hur, Hong-Seok Lim, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Kyung Woo Park, Bon Kwon Koo, Seung Jea Tahk, Hyo-Soo Kim, Young-Bae Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
IN VIVO ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABLE PLAQUE BY MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY COMPARISON WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Ito Tsuyoshi, Mitsuyasu Terashima, Mariko Ehara, Hitoshi Matsuo, Masashi Kimura, Kenya Nasu, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Maoto Habara, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Yasushi Asakura, Osamu Kato, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Teleconference on Natural Rubber/Latex Allergy
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fraud, not error, is why two thirds of biomedical papers are withdrawn
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Retraction of biomedical and life science research papers for fraud or misconduct is more widespread than previously thought and is roughly 10-fold more common today than in 1975, shows a new study published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences .1

The study looked at all 2047 retractions listed in the PubMed index as at 3 May 2012. It tallied the reasons stated by the journal in making its retraction and also examined reports filed with the US government’s Office of Research Integrity and other sources. That resulted in reclassification of 118 of 742 retractions (16%) given in an earlier study of retraction from error to fraud.

“In contrast to earlier studies, we found …
Developmental synergism of steroidal estrogens in sex determination.
Authors: J M Bergeron, E Willingham, C T Osborn, T Rhen, D Crews
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Gonadal sex in the red-eared slider turtle, Trachemys scripta, is determined by incubation temperature during embryonic development. Evidence suggests that temperature determines sex by influencing steroid hormone metabolism and/or sensitivity: steroidogenic enzyme inhibitors or exogenous sex steroid hormones and their man-made analogs override (or enhance) temperature effects on sex determination. Specifically, nonaromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibitors induce testis differentiation at female-producing temperatures, whereas aromatizable androgens and estrogens induce ovary differentiation at male-producing temperatures. Moreover, natural estrogens and temperature synergize to produce more females than would be expected if estrogens and temperature had purely additive effects on sex determination. In this study, we use sex reversal of turtle embryos incubated at a male-producing temperature to examine synergism among steroidal estrogens: estrone, 17ss-estradiol, and estriol. A low dose of 17ss-estradiol (200 ng) showed significant synergism when administered with a single low dose of estriol (10 ng). Likewise, a single low dose of estrone (250 ng) had a synergistic effect when combined with the same low dose of estriol (10 ng). We conclude that the weak natural estrogens estrone and 17ss-estradiol synergize with a low dose of the more potent estriol to reverse gonadal sex during the critical period of sexual differentiation. These results suggest that weak environmental estrogens may also synergize with stronger natural estrogens.
HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF PROGRESSIVE MYOCARDIAL FUNCTIONAL DETERIORATION: THE LONGITUDINAL MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Eui-Young Choi, Raymond Yan, Veronica Fernandes, Anders Opdahl, Antoinette Gomes, Andre Almeida, Colin Wu, Kiang Liu, Jeffrey J. Carr, Robyn L. McClelland, David A. Bluemke, Joao AC Lima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis..
Authors: H.C. WILLIAMS, P.G. JBURNEY, R.J. HAY, C.B. ARCHER, M.J. SHIPLEY, J.J. AHUNTER, E.A. BINGHAM, A.Y. FINLAY, A.C. PEMBROKE, R.A. CGRAHAM-BROWN, D.A. ATHERTON, M.S. LEWIS-JONES, C.A. HOLDEN, J.I. HARPER, R.H. CHAMPION, T.F. POYNER, J. LAUNER, T.J. DAVID
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

A working party of 13 dermatologists, two family practitioners and a paediatrician was assembled, with the aim of developing a minimum list of reliable discriminators for atopic dermatitis. Each physician was asked to select 10 consecutive new cases of unequivocal mild to moderate atopic dermatitis and 10 controls with other inflammatory dermatoses. Each subject was examined by two independent observers, who were blind to the clinical diagnosis and study aim, with regard to 31 clinically useful diagnostic features for atopic dermatitis. Two hundred and twenty‐four patients were studied (120 cases and 102 controls). Using the key physician's clinical diagnosis as a gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of each of the 31 diagnostic criteria were tested. Using multiple logistic regression techniques, a minimum set of diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis was derived. These were: history of flexural involvement, history of a dry skin, onset under the age of 2, personal history of asthma, history of a pruritic skin condition, and visible flexural dermatitis. Adjustment for age, sex, region, social class and ethnic group did not alter the choice of final criteria. The discriminatory value of these criteria was also satisfactory when tested against a further sample of 150 patients drawn from the community, who did not have skin disease.
Increased signals seen in globus pallidus in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in cirrhotics are not suggestive of chronic hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Paul J. Thuluvath, David Edwin, Nancy Chang Yue, Cora Devilliers, Sandra Hochman, Andrew Klein
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Increased, symmetrical signals of varying intensity in the globus pallidi on T1-weighted (T1W) images, without corresponding signals on T2-weighted (T2W) images, have been reported previously in chronic hepatic failure. It has been suggested that these signals are characteristic of chronic hepatic encephalopathy. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the relationship of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities with ammonia, albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, ascites, clinical encephalopathy, and neuropsychological tests in 46 patients (16 with alcohol-induced cirrhosis and 30 with non-alcohol-induced cirrhosis). T1W signal and cortical atrophy were graded by a neuroradiologist in a blinded fashion. Eleven patients had no T1W signal, 18 had minimal T1W signal, and 17 had high T1W signal. Twenty-five patients had no cortical atrophy, 14 had mild atrophy, and 7 had moderate atrophy. Cortical atrophy was noted more commonly in patients with alcohol-induced liver disease. The neuropsychological tests correlated significantly with albumin, prothrombin time, Child-Pugh's score, clinical encephalopathy, and ammonia. T1W signal and cortical atrophy did not correlate with the neuropsychological tests, clinical encephalopathy, ascites, albumin, prothrombin time, ammonia, or Child-Pugh's score. Patients with high T1W signal showed significant correlation with bilirubin (P < .005). This study suggests that globus pallidus signal in T1W images observed in liver disease are not indicators of chronic hepatic encephalopathy as previously assumed.
Likelihood of bladder cancer associated with non-visible haematuria is quantified for first time
Authors: A. Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Microscopic (non-visible) haematuria is still associated with around half the risk of bladder cancer seen with visible haematuria, researchers have calculated. They emphasised that it was important for GPs to consider referring such patients for assessment for bladder cancer, particularly those aged over 60.

A case control study published in the British Journal of General Practice on 1 September was the first to quantify the increased risk of bladder cancer associated with the symptom of non-visible haematuria.1 The researchers, from the University of Exeter, calculated that …
Prognostic Role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Arnoud J. Templeton, Mairéad G. McNamara, Boštjan Šeruga, Francisco E. Vera-Badillo, Priya Aneja, Alberto Ocaña, Raya Leibowitz-Amit, Guru Sonpavde, Jennifer J. Knox, Ben Tran, Ian F. Tannock, Eitan Amir
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Inflammation may play an important role in cancer progression, and a high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be a poor prognostic indicator in several malignancies. Here we quantify the prognostic impact of this biomarker and assess its consistency in solid tumors. A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted to identify publications exploring the association of blood NLR and clinical outcome in solid tumors. Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome, and cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were secondary outcomes. Data from studies reporting a hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) or a P value were pooled in a meta-analysis. Pooled hazard ratios were computed and weighted using generic inverse-variance and random-effect modeling. All statistical tests were two-sided. One hundred studies comprising 40559 patients were included in the analysis, 57 of them published in 2012 or later. Median cutoff for NLR was 4. Overall, NLR greater than the cutoff was associated with a hazard ratio for OS of 1.81 (95% CI = 1.67 to 1.97; P < .001), an effect observed in all disease subgroups, sites, and stages. Hazard ratios for NLR greater than the cutoff for CSS, PFS, and DFS were 1.61, 1.63, and 2.27, respectively (all P < .001). A high NLR is associated with an adverse OS in many solid tumors. The NLR is a readily available and inexpensive biomarker, and its addition to established prognostic scores for clinical decision making warrants further investigation.
Abstract 2339: Overexpression of PKCα in T47D breast cancer cells induces migration via p120-catenin transcriptional downregulation
Authors: Bethany E. Perez White, Huiping Zhao, Debra A. Tonetti
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Several factors have been identified that influence epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cells. We previously reported that overexpression of protein kinase C α (PKCα) in breast cancer predicts tamoxifen resistant secondary tumors (Tonetti, 2003). In T47D breast cancer cells, stable overexpression of PKCα (T47D/PKCα) leads to hormone-independent growth as well as tamoxifen resistance (Chisamore, 2001). In our current study we report that PKCα overexpression increases the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells through induction of a nonclasssical EMT. T47D/PKCα cells are morphologically distinct from T47D/neo cells and do not retain the cuboidal structure of epithelial breast cancer cells. Overexpression of PKCα resulted in significantly induced migratory capabilities in the Boyden chamber assay and PKC activation by phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate further enhanced T47D/PKCα cell migration. Pharmacological inhibition with the classical PKC inhibitor Go6976 significantly reduced the migratory capacity of T47D/PKCα cells. Transient siRNA-mediated knockdown of PKCα (120 h) significantly reduced both basal and NIH3T3 fibroblast conditioned media-induced T47D/PKCα cell migration. Levels of adherens junction proteins E-cadherin, α-E-catenin, β-catenin and p120-catenin were significantly downregulated in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo cells as determined by western blot. Levels of E-cadherin protein were restored by more than 50% after 168 h of PKCα knockdown in T47D/PKCα cells. While SYBR green RT-qPCR revealed that E-cadherin transcripts were significantly higher in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo control cells, there was no change in expression of β-catenin or α-E-catenin transcripts. However, p120-catenin transcripts were significantly lower in T47D/PKCα cells compared to T47D/neo cells. Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 induces accumulation of E-cadherin but not p120-catenin. Taken together, these data suggest that PKCα may be responsible for EMT in breast cancer cells through upstream signaling that leads to transcriptional inhibition of p120-catenin and subsequent degradation of E-cadherin protein. Further, PKCα expression may not only be predictive of tamoxifen-resistance and hormone-independent growth but also of increased potential for metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2339
OSTEOPROTEGERIN AND OSTEOPONTIN SERUM LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR FUNCTION IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION
Authors: Konstantinos Maniatis, Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Marina Zaromitidou, Stamatios Kioufis, Antigoni Miliou, Eleni Kokkou, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Manolis Vavuranakis, Stamatios Tsouroulas, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Athanasios Papavassiliou, Christodoulos I Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Concise review: Genetic bases for sideroblastic anemia
Authors: Neil J. Nusbaum
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

The best-documented mode of transmission of familial sideroblastic anemia is as an X-linked trait. Mitochondrial mutation has also occasionally been noted in association with sideroblastic anemia, but it is likely to be present more often than has so far been described. It should especially be suspected in cases of inherited multisystem disease, where the pedigrees do not indicate a sex predominance among those affected, and where there is no evidence of transmission by the paternal line. Sporadic cases of sideroblastic anemia may represent mitochondrial mutations either at the germ cell or the somatic cell, and the most sensitive strategy of screening for both would be the study of mitochondrial DNA from circulating erythrocytes. It seems likely that such studies would extend the understanding of mitochondrial function and disease.
Department of Health is not interested in improving quality, inquiry is told
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Department of Health has a culture “that does not want bad news,” the head of the monitoring unit which spotted high death rates in emergency care at Stafford Hospital has told the public inquiry into standards of care at the hospital.

Brian Jarman, director of the Dr Foster Unit at Imperial College London, said patients and clinicians were divorced from the way the NHS was run, which was extremely centralised. “Unfortunately, I believe that the political importance to a government in the centre to have a good news story, …
Vitamin C transporter Slc23a1 links renal reabsorption, vitamin C tissue accumulation, and perinatal survival in mice
Authors: Christopher P. Corpe, Hongbin Tu, Peter Eck, Jin Wang, Robert Faulhaber-Walter, Jurgen Schnermann, Sam Margolis, Sebastian Padayatty, He Sun, Yaohui Wang, Robert L. Nussbaum, Michael Graham Espey, Mark Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Levels of the necessary nutrient vitamin C (ascorbate) are tightly regulated by intestinal absorption, tissue accumulation, and renal reabsorption and excretion. Ascorbate levels are controlled in part by regulation of transport through at least 2 sodium-dependent transporters: Slc23a1 and Slc23a2 (also known as Svct1 and Svct2, respectively). Previous work indicates that Slc23a2 is essential for viability in mice, but the roles of Slc23a1 for viability and in adult physiology have not been determined. To investigate the contributions of Slc23a1 to plasma and tissue ascorbate concentrations in vivo, we generated Slc23a1-/- mice. Compared with wild-type mice, Slc23a1-/- mice increased ascorbate fractional excretion up to 18-fold. Hepatic portal ascorbate accumulation was nearly abolished, whereas intestinal absorption was marginally affected. Both heterozygous and knockout pups born to Slc23a1-/- dams exhibited approximately 45% perinatal mortality, and this was associated with lower plasma ascorbate concentrations in dams and pups. Perinatal mortality of Slc23a1-/- pups born to Slc23a1-/- dams was prevented by ascorbate supplementation during pregnancy. Taken together, these data indicate that ascorbate provided by the dam influenced perinatal survival. Although Slc23a1-/- mice lost as much as 70% of their ascorbate body stores in urine daily, we observed an unanticipated compensatory increase in ascorbate synthesis. These findings indicate a key role for Slc23a1 in renal ascorbate absorption and perinatal survival and reveal regulation of vitamin C biosynthesis in mice.