tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial
Authors: Robert A. Guyton
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valve (PARTNER) Trial is a very well-designed, meticulously executed, prospective randomized trial that demonstrated that transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the Edwards SAPIEN valve was superior to medical therapy in the treatment of inoperable patients with aortic stenosis (cohort B) and that it was not inferior to standard surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with advanced symptomatic aortic stenosis who are high risk for surgical therapy (cohort A). 1,2 The trial involved both surgeons and cardiologists from the beginning.Every patient enrolled in the trial was discussed by conference call before enrollment was accepted.Enrolling sites were centers of excellence in surgical valve replacement and in interventional cardiology.The trial demonstrated a 20% survival advantage in the nonoperable cohort A patients at 1 year.This level of benefit is rare in medical device therapy.In the high-risk surgical patients, TAVR and surgical valve replacement each demonstrated equivalent 1-year mortality (TAVR, 24.2%; surgical aortic valve replacement, 26.8%) and equivalent 1-year relief of symptoms. 2The results of the trial led to approval by the Food and Drug Administration of the device for commercial use in inoperable patients.Use of the device in the United States for high-risk surgical patients is under consideration.This therapy is of great benefit to patients who are similar to those enrolled in the trial.Certainly, this is cause for celebration.The celebration associated with PARTNER is tempered by concerns, however.The procedure remains a major interventional undertaking requiring transit of large-bore catheters across often-diseased vascular structures and deployment of a valve with precision in carefully selected patients.Patients and families of inoperable patients seeking TAVR focus on the 20% 1-year survival benefit.Sometimes lost in their consideration is the fact that in this very ill group of patients, the 1-year mortality was 30% in patients who received the device. 1 As we use this device commercially, it is important that in the process of shared decision making, the risks of the procedure are adequately explained to our patients and that these risks are not overwhelmed by our enthusiasm for this potentially lifesaving therapy.
Competition can help NHS but must be used with care, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Competition works in healthcare and can stimulate the provision of better services, concludes a new report from the think tank the Office of Health Economics (OHE).

But it isn’t a cure all to be used everywhere and for every service, it adds. The key is to use it judiciously where the evidence indicates that it can do most good. The question is not “competition or no competition” but deciding where competition should be used and where eschewed.

The report dismisses claims that competition makes integrated care impossible or that the opening of tendering a service to “any qualified provider” amounts to privatisation of the NHS. Even in the United States, says Jim Malcolmson, professor of economics at Oxford University, who chaired …
THREE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOME COMPARISON BETWEEN EVEROLIMUS- VERSUS ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN ALL-COMERS AND DIABETICS
Authors: Shaopeng Xu, Seung-Woon Rha, Byoung Geol Choi, Se Yeon Choi, Jabar Ali, Harris Ngow, Ji Bak Kim, Cheol Ung Choi, Eung Ju Kim, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Divergent effects of epidermal growth factor and calcipotriol on human rectal cell proliferation.
Authors: M G Thomas, G R Brown, M R Alison, R C Williamson
Journal: Gut (1994)

Vitamin D may protect against colorectal cancer by reducing cell proliferation and inducing differentiation. By contrast, epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates cell proliferation and may encourage gastrointestinal mucosal healing. This study investigated the effect of a synthetic vitamin D analogue, calcipotriol, and EGF on human rectal epithelial cell proliferation in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In addition, a new technique to measure the cell cycle time is described. Sigmoidoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from 14 patients with FAP. Tissue was established in organ culture, with or without the addition of EGF (n = 8), or calcipotriol (n = 6). Proliferation was determined using (a) metaphase arrest to measure the crypt cell production rate, (b) native mitotic index, and (c) the growth fraction using PC10 antibody. EGF receptor expression was shown using a polyclonal antibody AP12E. Calcipotriol reduced crypt cell production rate by 52% from mean (SEM) 5.29 (1.18) to 2.56 (0.80) cells/crypt/hour (p &lt; 0.01) and EGF increased crypt cell production rate by 102% from 3.62 (0.59) to 7.33 (0.90) cells/crypt/hour (p &lt; 0.05), and this tissue expressed the EGF receptor. The growth fraction was 48.40 (4.0)%, and the native mitotic index 1.08 (0.14)%. The cell cycle time was estimated as 94.5 hours and the time for mitosis as one hour. Thus, calcipotriol and EGF have divergent effects on human rectal mucosal proliferation.
Growth inhibitory properties of endothelin-1 in activated human hepatic stellate cells: a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated pathway. Inhibition of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun kinase and upregulation of endothelin B receptors.
Authors: A Mallat, A M Préaux, C Serradeil-Le Gal, D Raufaste, C Gallois, D A Brenner, C Bradham, J Maclouf, V Iourgenko, L Fouassier, D Dhumeaux, P Mavier, S Lotersztajn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

During chronic liver diseases, hepatic stellate cells (HSC) acquire an activated myofibroblast-like phenotype, proliferate, and synthetize fibrosis components. We have shown that endothelin-1 (ET-1) inhibits the proliferation of activated human HSC via endothelin B (ETB) receptors. We now investigate the transduction pathway involved in the growth inhibitory effect of ET-1 in activated HSC. Endothelin-1 and the ETB receptor agonist, sarafotoxin-S6C, increased synthesis of PGI2 and PGE2, leading to elevation of cAMP. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 both blunted the growth inhibitory effect of ET-1. Analysis of early steps associated with growth inhibition indicated that: (a) similar to ET-1, forskolin decreased c-jun mRNA induction without affecting c-fos and krox 24 mRNA expression; (b) ET-1, sarafotoxin-S6C, as well as forskolin, reduced activation of both c-Jun kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Finally, forskolin, PGI2, and PGE2 raised by fivefold the number of ET binding sites after 6 h, and increased the proportion of ETB receptors from 50% in control cells to 80% in treated cells. In conclusion, ET-1 inhibits proliferation of activated HSC via ETB receptors, through a prostaglandin/cAMP pathway that leads to inhibition of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun kinase activities. Upregulation of ETB receptors by prostaglandin/cAMP raises the possibility of a positive feedback loop that would amplify the growth inhibitory response. These results suggest that ET-1 and agents that increase cAMP might be of interest to limit proliferation of activated HSC during chronic liver diseases.
Measurement of synovial blood flow in normal and diseased joints.
Authors: W C Dick, R A Onge, K Whaley, F Gillespie, J A Boyle, M K Jasani, W W Buchanan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

DR. JASANI: Triamcinolone was selected because it had already been used in several similar studies.DR. 0. SAVAGE (London): How did the patients do clinically on the day they did not have the corticosteroid ?DR.JASANI: The patients receiving 8 mg. of triamcino- lone at 8 a.m. one day had a recrudescence of symptoms from about 2 p.m. the next day.Afterwards all patients had relatively greater relief of symptoms and did not mind having the steroid on alternate days.DR. 0. SAVAGE (London): They had a pretty unhappy time during part of the second day?DR. JASANI: In the beginning perhaps, but so did patients with the 4 mg.nightly dose, who experienced return of their symptoms between 2 and 6 p.m. on the following day.DR. 0. SAVAGE (London): Dr. Carter-you have shown that you can wake up a suppressed adrenal by giving ACTH.Have you any evidence that it stays awake?In the slides you showed, you had always put them back on systemic steroids.DR. CARTER: No, not always.Pituitary-adrenal responsiveness is maintained whilst the patients receive ACTH, rapidly lost when they are converted to steroid therapy and regained if they revert to ACTH therapy.After ACTH had been discontinued the pituitary-adrenal responses remained normal.
Abstract 291: Efficacy Of Air-Way Pressure Release Ventilation in Patients With Emergent Percutaneous Cardiopulmonary Support
Authors: Kenji Nishioka, Hiroki Teragawa, Futoshi Tadehara, Tomoki Shokawa, Takenori Okada, Naoya Mitsuba, Ken Ishibashi, Takayuki Hidaka, Noboru Oda, Kensuke Noma, Satoshi Kurisu, Yukiko Nakano, Hideya Yamamoto, Takafumi Ishida, Yukihito Higashi, Koichi Tanigawa, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: A proposed advantage of air-way pressure release ventilation (APRV) compared to conventional pressure-controlled ventilation is the improved distribution of gas to dependent lung regions. Therefore APRV is considered as an alternative “open lung approach” to conventional ventilation. In patients with percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS), oxygenations using only PCPS were insufficient occasionally, because of severe lung disorder and pulmonary congestion. We evaluated early outcome and conducted this study to determine the efficacy of APRV for PCPS weaning and hospital discharge. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2009, 40 patients diagnosed as cardiac failure underwent PCPS using the Capiox emergent bypass system. The respirator modes were selected to conventional pressure-controlled ventilation in 20 Patients (Group I). APRV were selected in 20 patients (Group II). Results: The patients' characteristics were similar in the two groups. The mean durations of PCPS and that of cardiopu...
IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR LONGEVITY IN A LARGE SINGLE CENTER COHORT
Authors: Joep Thijssen, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Johannes B. van Rees, Míhàly K. de Bie, Enno T. van der Velde, Ernst E. van der Wall, Lieselot van Erven, Jeroen J. Bax, Martin J. Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Echocardiographic Recognition of the Congenital Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Authors: NAVIN C. NANDA, RAYMOND GRAMIAK, JAMES MANNING, EARLE B. MAHONEY, ELLIOT O. LIPCHIK, JAMES A. DEWEESE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Twenty-one patients (age four to 25 years) with bicuspid aortic valves proved by surgery and angiography (12) or angiography alone (9) were studied by echocardiography. Seventeen patients had aortic valve disease (11 stenosis, 6 incompetence) and four had coarctation of the aorta with normally functioning aortic valves. A comparison group of 16 patients (9 with aortic valve disease and 7 without aortic valve disease) who had proven tricuspid aortic valves was also studied. Echocardiograms in tricuspid aortic valve patients showed the closed position of the cusps near the middle of the aortic lumen. In contrast marked eccentricity of the aortic valve cusp echoes in diastole could be demonstrated in all with bicuspid aortic valves. The Eccentricity Index (½ aortic lumen diameter/minimum distance of the diastolic cusp echo from the nearest aortic margin) was low (range 1.0-1.25) with tricuspid aortic valves and high (range 1.5-5.6) with bicuspid aortic valves ( P &lt; 0.001). This index was not significantly affected following successful valvotomy. Bicuspid aortic valve cusps showed normal systolic motion pattern resulting in marked asymmetry of leaflet images. About half of patients with bicuspid aortic valves also showed multilayered echoes in diastole in the absence of fluoroscopic evidence of valvular calcification. Echocardiography appears to be specific in the recognition of the bicuspid aortic valve.
Hematopoietic progenitor cell collection after autologous transplant for multiple myeloma: low platelet count predicts for poor collection and sole use of resulting graft enhances risk of myelodysplasia
Authors: X Papanikolaou, E R Rosenbaum, L N Tyler, J Sawyer, C J Heuck, B Barlogie, M Cottler-Fox
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
GREATER PROGRESSION OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN PATIENTS DESPITE THE USE OF ESTABLISHED MEDICAL THERAPIES
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Amy Hsu, Kathy Wolski, Kiyoko Uno, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen, Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect of nutrition improvement project on morbidity from infectious diseases in preschool children in Vietnam: comparison with control commune
Authors: R M English, J C Badcock, T. Giay, T. Ngu, A-M Waters, S A Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To evaluate the effect of a nutrition improvement project based on home garden production and nutrition education on morbidity from acute respiratory infection and diarrhoeal disease in preschool children.The morbidity survey comprised five data collections undertaken by trained interviewers to ascertain the incidence and severity of respiratory infections and the incidence of diarrhoeal disease in children in two communes.A project commune and a control commune in Vietnam.Preschool children to 6 years of age living in the project commune Khai Xuan (average 469 children) and the control commune Ching Cong (average 251 children).Differences between the two communes over time in the incidence and severity of respiratory infections and the incidence of diarrhoeal disease.In Khai Xuan there was a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the incidence of respiratory infections (from 49.5% to 11.2%) and diarrhoeal infections (18.3% to 5.1%); the incidence of pneumonia and severe pneumonia was also significantly reduced (P < 0.0001). In Ching Cong there was no significant change in the incidence and severity of respiratory disease nor in the incidence of diarrhoeal disease.These findings emphasise the successful health outcome of a nutrition project based on household food production and nutrition education and the value of evaluating nutrition projects by reference to measurable health outcomes.A nutrition program based on home garden food production and nutrition education for mothers of young children was associated with significant reductions in morbidity from acute respiratory infection and diarrheal disease in preschool children in Viet Nam's Vinh Phu province. The nutrition program was implemented in Khai Xuan commune during 1991-93; Ching Cong commune, which did not receive the intervention, served as the control community. In Khai Xuan, the incidence of respiratory infections among children under 6 years of age decreased from 49.5% to 11.2% during the study period, while that of diarrheal disease dropped from 18.3% to 5.1%. The nutrition project was also associated with significant declines in severe pneumonia. No changes in morbidity occurred in the control commune. The intervention resulted in significantly higher intakes of vegetables, fruit, energy, protein, vitamin A, and iron by project children compared with controls. It is recommended that nutrition improvement be adopted as an infectious disease control strategy in international and national development programs, especially those in countries where respiratory and diarrheal infections are the major cause of child morbidity and mortality.
1093-142 Independent information provided by framingham risk algorithm and coronary calcium scores in a large German population sample: Heinz Nixdorf recall study
Authors: Axel Schmermund, Nils Lehmann, Stefan Mohlenkamp, Andreas Stang, Susanne Moebus, Dietrich Gronemeyer, Rainer Seibel, Karl-Heinz Jockel, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Management of Pyelonephritis
Authors: Harry A. Derow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

RECENT advances in knowledge and understanding of the nature and functional disturbances of pyelonephritis have led to more rational therapy. The purpose of this communication is to review this progress.Pyelonephritis, the commonest of all renal diseases, is due to bacterial infection of the kidney. In infections of the urinary tract, the kidney must always be assumed to be involved until proved otherwise, since there is often no reliable method of differentiating infection of the lower and upper urinary tract. However, urethral, prostatic and rarely bladder infections may occur without renal involvement.PathogenesisRecently, Beeson1 has brought together and appraised . . .
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF CURRENT TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION
Authors: William Goldring
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Recent advances in renal physiology and methodology make it possible to assess accurately and quantitatively the discrete excretory functions of the kidney.<sup>1</sup>The functions subject to quantitative measurement are the rate of glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, maximal tubular excretory capacity, and maximal tubular reabsorptive capacity. The rate of glomerular filtration is measured by means of the clearance of inulin, i. e., the amount excreted per minute divided by the plasma concentration represented by the clearance formula UV/P. Since inulin is filtered at the glomerulus and is neither reabsorbed nor excreted by the tubules, the simple clearance calculation indicates the amount of filtrate formed. The mean normal rate of glomerular filtration is 130 cc. per minute. The renal blood flow is measured by means of the clearance of<i>p</i>-aminohippurate. Since this substance is completely removed from the renal arterial blood during one circulation through the kidneys, its clearance
Leukemia and Benzene
Authors: H.G.S. Van Raalte, P. Grasso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1983Leukemia and BenzeneH.G.S. VAN RAALTE, M.D., P. GRASSOH.G.S. VAN RAALTE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. GRASSOSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-6-885 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In her editorial (1) on leukaemic hazards in the workplace, Dr. Rosenstock concludes with the statement that "a significant number of workers continue to be exposed to unnecessarily high levels of a known carcinogen" (benzene). This, she believes, is shown by a recent study "of unusual quality" (2).Critical evaluation reveals, however, that neither the conclusions drawn by Rinsky and colleagues (2) nor those drawn by Rosenstock (1) are consistent with the data. Exposure data were not "uncommonly complete throughout the study period" (1940 to 1975); there were no recorded measurements available before 1946. Yet five of...References1. ROSENSTOCK L. Leukemia and benzene [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:275-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. RINSKYYOUNGSMITH RRA. Leukemia in benzene workers. Am J Ind Med. 1981;2:217-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. RINSKYYOUNGSMITH RRA. Leukemia in benzene workers. Am J Ind Med. 1981;2:217-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. OTTTOWNSENDFISHBECKLANGNER MJWR. Mortality among individuals occupationally exposed to benzene. Arch Environ Health. 1978;33:3-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. . Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man: Some Industrial Chemicals and Dyestuffs. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1982:93-148, 395-8. Google Scholar4. WHITEINFANTECHU MPK. A quantitative estimate of leukemia mortality associated with occupational exposure to benzene. Risk Anal. 1982:2:195-204. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. ROSENSTOCK L. Benzene and leukemia [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:275-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H.G.S. VAN RAALTE, M.D.; P. GRASSO PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1983Volume 99, Issue 6Page: 885-886KeywordsCarcinogens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury by pentoxifylline in the isolated rat lung. Paris-Sud University Lung Transplantation Group.
Authors: J Reignier, M Mazmanian, H Detruit, A Chapelier, M Weiss, J M Libert, P Hervé
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Inhibition of pulmonary neutrophil sequestration attenuates ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lung injury. Pentoxifylline (PTX) reduced pulmonary sequestration of neutrophils and neutrophil-dependent lung injury in several experimental settings but has never been tested in IR models. We hypothesized that PTX may have a beneficial effect on IR lung injury as measured by the coefficient of filtration (Kfc) and may reduce IR-associated sequestration of neutrophils as assessed by lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and by blood neutrophil count decrease during reperfusion. Three groups of isolated blood perfused rat lungs were studied: a time control group (n = 6) was perfused for 3 h, and two groups (n = 10) subjected to 1 h ischemia were treated with PTX or saline before a 2 h reperfusion. The increase in Kfc induced by IR was reduced fivefold by PTX compared with saline (+27 +/- 8% versus +112 +/- 12%, respectively; p < 0.001), and was similar to time controls (+9 +/- 9%). After IR, MPO and blood neutrophil count decrease were lower with PTX than with saline. Changes in Kfc were correlated to the percentage decrease in blood neutrophils during reperfusion. We conclude that PTX reduced rat lung IR microvascular injury. This effect may be mainly caused by decrease in lung sequestration of neutrophils during reperfusion.