tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic urticaria associated with intra-articular methylprednisolone
Authors: B. Pollock, S.M. Wilkinson, S.P. Macdonald Hull
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Chronic urticaria associated with intra‐articular methylprednisolone Get access B. Pollock, B. Pollock Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Pontefract General Infirmary, Pontefract WF8 1PL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.M. Wilkinson, S.M. Wilkinson Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Pontefract General Infirmary, Pontefract WF8 1PL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.P. Macdonald Hull S.P. Macdonald Hull Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. *Department of Dermatology, Pontefract General Infirmary, Pontefract WF8 1PL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1228–1230, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04238.x Published: 01 June 2001
Night calls should be limited to genuine emergencies say GPs
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

General practitioners in Britain will make fewer home visits at night when proposed changes to their terms of service are approved by parliament (see editorial on p 1386). But their leaders and the Department of Health argue that other proposals such as increasing the number of cooperatives, longer surgery hours, or the establishment of primary care emergency centres, will actually improve services.

Since the NHS started in 1948 a home visit has been the traditional way for general practitioners to provide emergency care to their patients out of surgery hours. Although 95% of contacts between patients and general practitioners take place during normal surgery hours, night visits have increased fivefold in the past 25 years and have doubled in the past three years. General practitioners made two million night visits in 1992-3. …
Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses
Authors: M. Gregg Bloche
Journal: JAMA (1993)

On October 1,1992, Dr Hans-Joachim Sewering, who joined the Nazi Party in 1933 and allegedly helped to select more than 200 patients for involuntary euthanasia, was elected president of the World Medical Association. Only after his past was widely publicized some months later did Sewering resign, blaming "world Jewry" for conspiring against him.<sup>1</sup> The dismal record of German medicine under the Nazis—participation in mass killings, grotesque human "experiments," and other atrocities—has been widely studied.<sup>2,3</sup>The complicity of physicians in state-sanctioned brutality under myriad other authoritarian regimes since World War II has received less attention. Yet over the last 20 years, human rights organizations, activist physicians, and other chroniclers of state cruelty have assembled a disturbing record of continuing medical collaboration in human rights abuses. Too often, professional leaders have ignored this unpleasant picture, as they did Dr Sewering's history until worldwide public opinion forced them to do otherwise.
Acute appendicitis and dietary fibre: an alternative hypothesis.
Authors: D J Barker
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This paper examines the time trends in acute appendicitis in Britain in relation to changes in consumption of fibre, meat, and sugar. Knowledge of previous case fatality rates, diagnostic criteria, and management are sufficient to infer general trends in incidence from mortality data. The incidence rose steeply from around 1895 and fell from the 1930s onwards. Contrary to previous statements there is no evidence that disease rates were greatly influenced by the dietary changes in the second world war. It is concluded that dietary changes do not explain the time trends in appendicitis and that the epidemiology of the disease is more readily explained by a primarily infectious aetiology.
Changes in Retinol-Binding Protein Concentrations and Thyroid Homeostasis with Nonoccupational Exposure to DDT
Authors: Rhena Delport, Riana Bornman, Una E. MacIntyre, Nicholette M. Oosthuizen, Piet J. Becker, Natalie H. Aneck-Hahn, Christiaan de Jager
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has been used for malaria vector control in the northern and eastern parts of the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, South Africa, since 1945. Bioaccumulation of DDT raises concern because it reportedly affects thyroid function.Our objective was to investigate the association between DDT uptake (as reflected in plasma concentrations) and thyroid homeostasis while considering related factors.We compared dietary intake, serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), transthyretin (TTR) and albumin concentrations, and liver and thyroid function between cases with evidence of a body burden of DDT in the circulation (concentration of any DDT isomer ≥ 0.02 µg/g lipid; n = 278) and controls (concentration of all DDT isomers < 0.02 µg/g lipid; n = 40) in a cross-sectional study. Further analyses were performed to assess the relevance of changes in RBP status associated with DDT uptake.RBP concentrations below the reference range were more prevalent in cases (54% vs. 10% in controls; χ² = 27.4; p < 0.001), which could not be explained by nutrient intake. We observed significantly lower thyroid hormone concentrations among cases (p ≤ 0.01). We also observed a significant linear trend for serum concentrations of free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine (p < 0.001) and a significant quadratic trend for serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (p = 0.025) and TTR (p < 0.001) across the control group and case groups with normal and relatively low RBP concentrations. Relatively low RBP concentrations were associated with significantly higher DDT and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) isomer concentrations and with a higher DDE/DDT ratio (p ≤ 0.01), which signifies long-term exposure. Inadequate intake of vitamin A and zinc were observed in 84% and 58%, respectively, of the total study population.RBP concentrations appear to decrease in the presence of long-term DDT uptake, which may have deleterious effects on thyroid function and vitamin A nutritional status. This is of major concern in a population with poor vitamin A and zinc intake.
Letter: Carcinoid pulmonary embolism and cor pulmonale.
Authors: R Shafir, A Dinbar, D B Tulcinsky
Journal: BMJ (1974)

viscera" on a more specific basis, while it was Bourgeois et al.4 who identified the specific toxin and produced a plausible experimental model.On the other hand the mere com- bination of fatty changes in viscera with enoephalopathy was described much earlier (in 1929 to be precise) by Brain, Hunter, and Turnbull5 and therefore should be called Brain's syndrome, or Turnbull's syndrome as the late Lord Brain himself suggested.6Thus the confusion that Dr. Kang wishes to avoid can be averted by the use of two terms: (a) Brain-Turnbull syndrome to describe fatty degeneration of viscera with encephalopathy of undetermined cause and (b) Reye-Bourgeois syndrome to describe fatty degeneration of viscera and toxic en- cephalopathy due to a specific toxin.-Iam, etc.,
Obesity Research
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk of subsequent development of gastric cancer in patients with previous gastric epithelial neoplasia
Authors: T. Aoi, H. Marusawa, Tosiya Sato, Tsutomu Chiba, M. Maruyama
Journal: Gut (2006)

Following the diagnosis of an adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus he declined surgery as well as chemo-and radiotherapy.Three months later he was referred because of increasing dysphagia.He ate a normal breakfast, including toast, but found that his swallowing was poor for the rest of the day.By the following morning his symptoms had improved again.On the morning of his clinic visit he had eaten his usual breakfast and then underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at midday.Endoscopy (fig 1) revealed a bolus in the oesophagus above the tumour.The bolus was removed with a dornier basket and a standard (11 mm) endoscope passed through the 3 cm long tumour.The patient saw the bolus and immediately identified it as the alfuzosin slow release tablet he was taking after breakfast.Xatral XL tablets measure 866 mm and swell up to twice their original size in vivo.They slowly dissolve over 24 hours.For pharmacokinetic reasons patients are advised to take the medication after meals.Our patient was changed to a different medication for his benign prostate hyperplasia and did not experience this unusual pattern of dysphagia again.Large tablets and capsules can cause dysphagia in patients suffering from conditions such as oesophageal tumours or achalasia.Slow release tablets may increase in size in vivo and often do not dissolve for hours.Therefore, when prescribing medications for these patients, attention should be paid to choose the appropriate formulation of the drug.
Targeting and Microenvironment‐Responsive Lipid Nanocarrier for the Enhancement of Tumor Cell Recognition and Therapeutic Efficiency
Authors: Wei Gao, Tingting Meng, Nianqiu Shi, Hongmeng Zhuang, Zhenzhen Yang, Xianrong Qi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Poor recognition and penetration of chemotherapeutic agents in solid tumors have been recognized as one of the major challenges limiting the efficacy of cancer therapies. Folic acid and tumor microenvironment‐sensitive polypeptide (TMSP) co‐modified lipid‐nanocarrier (F/TMSP‐NLC) are successfully formulated in response to the overexpression of folate receptor (FR) and the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) in tumor microenvironment. The F/TMSP‐NLC accumulates in tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and folate moiety binds selectively to the FR once it reaches the tumor. In addition, cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP)‐penetrating activity is initiated by MMP‐2 protease‐oversecretion tumor. The specificity and efficacy of the co‐modified nanocarriers to tumor are investigated in KB, HT‐1080 and A549 cells in vitro. Multivalent interactions induce the enhancement of cancer cell recognition and internalization, which subsequently result in cancer cell apoptosis or death. The F/TMSP‐NLC shows long‐circulation effect, high accumulation in tumor, strong tumor inhibition, increased apoptotic indices, and negligible toxicity in vivo. In conclusion, the present nanocarrier modified with both TMSP and folic acid is a potential drug delivery system for tumor cell recognition and therapy, implying that using more than one target from the pool of tumor–stroma interactions is profoundly beneficial to therapeutic approaches.
Hyperbaric oxygen limits infarct size in ischemic rabbit myocardium in vivo.
Authors: D L Sterling, J D Thornton, A Swafford, S F Gottlieb, S P Bishop, A W Stanley, J M Downey
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND We explored the ability of increased oxygen pressure to modify necrosis in an open-chest rabbit model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS A branch of the left coronary artery was occluded for 30 minutes followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Infarction was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the ischemic zone. Untreated rabbits were ventilated with 100% oxygen at 1 atm absolute. Treatment animals were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at 2.5 atm absolute. The 1.0-atm control hearts developed 41.5 +/- 4.6% infarction of the ischemic zone. Animals exposed to hyperbaric oxygen during ischemia only, reperfusion only, or ischemia and reperfusion had significantly smaller infarcts with respect to control animals (16.2 +/- 2.9%, 14.5 +/- 3.7%, and 9.8 +/- 2.7%, respectively; P &lt; or = .01), indicating that they had been protected by the procedure. When hyperbaric oxygen was begun 30 minutes after the onset of reperfusion, no protection was seen (35.8 +/- 3.8%). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that hyperbaric oxygen limits infarct size in the reperfused rabbit heart and that the effect can be achieved when hyperbaric oxygen is begun at reperfusion.
Screening and Management of Adult Hearing Loss in Primary Care
Authors: Bevan Yueh, Nina Shapiro, Catherine H. MacLean, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Hearing loss is the third most prevalent chronic condition in older adults and has important effects on their physical and mental health. Despite these effects, most older patients are not assessed or treated for hearing loss.To review the evidence on screening and management of hearing loss of older adults in the primary care setting.We performed a search from 1985 to 2001 using MEDLINE, HealthSTAR, EMBASE, Ageline, and the National Guideline Clearinghouse for articles and practice guidelines about screening and management of hearing loss in older adults, as well as reviewed references in these articles and those suggested by experts in hearing impairment.We reviewed articles for the most clinically important information, emphasizing randomized clinical trials, where available, and identified 1595 articles.Screening tests that reliably detect hearing loss are use of an audioscope, a hand-held combination otoscope and audiometer, and a self-administered questionnaire, the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly-Screening version. The value of routine screening for improving patient outcomes has not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Screening is endorsed by most professional organizations, including the US Preventive Services Task Force. While most hearing loss in older adults is sensorineural and due to presbycusis, cerumen impaction and chronic otitis media may be present in up to 30% of elderly patients with hearing loss and can be treated by the primary care clinician. In randomized trials, hearing aids have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Nonadherence to use of hearing aids is high. Prompt recognition of potentially reversible causes of hearing loss, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss, is important to maximize the possibility of functional recovery.While untested in a clinical trial, older adults can be screened for hearing loss using simple methods, and effective treatments exist and are available for many forms of hearing loss.
Essentials of Human Anatomy
Authors: John E. Skandalakis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Be not the first by whom the new are tried, Nor yet the last to lay the old aside.</i>—Alexander Pope Six years ago I had the honor of reviewing for<i>JAMA</i>the eighth edition of<i>Essentials of Human Anatomy</i>, by Woodburne and Burkel. The book remains a classic, but I'm not very happy with the ninth edition. During the intervening years, we have seen (contrary to the opinion of the cell biologist) a lot of new information about gross human anatomy. This information has been very valuable to the practicing surgeon and the student, but the greatest beneficiary has been the patient. And God only knows how much more new information we will see. Let me give a few examples of what is not included in this current edition. (1) We know much better the segmental anatomy of the spleen and the liver. (2) We know considerably more about
Ursodeoxycholate-induced hypercholeresis in cirrhotic rats: Further evidence for cholehepatic shunting
Authors: Christoph Elsing, Hans Sägesser, JÜRg Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The aim of the investigation was to explore whether ursodeoxycholate, a tertiary bile acid with potential for treatment of chronic cholestasis in cirrhotic liver disease, has the same physiological effects in cirrhotic as in normal rats. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate whether ductular proliferation, as it occurred in this situation, increases the bicarbonate stimulatory effect of ursodeoxycholate. Rats (n = 16) were rendered cirrhotic by continuous exposure to phenobarbital—carbon tetrachloride; untreated animals (n = 13) served as controls. In cirrhotic rats in vivo , ursodeoxycholate (20 μmoles/min/kg) stimulated bile salt secretion and bile flow less than in controls. Nevertheless, the increment in ursodeoxycholate–induced biliary bicarbonate—the bicarbonate stimulatory potency—was increased by 29% in cirrhotic animals (0.55 ± 0.08 mmol vs. 0.71 ± 0.11 mmol; p &lt; 0.05). This finding could be related to ductular proliferation because the volume fraction of bile ductules, determined stereologically, increased from 0.3% ± 0.1% to 2.7% ± 0.6% in cirrhotic rats (p &lt; 0.005). To explore further the behavior of ductules during ursodeoxycholate stimulation, we carried out experiments in the in situ perfused rat liver. In the portally perfused organ, replacement of bicarbonate by tricine–acetate abolished ursodeoxycholate–induced hypercholeresis. In the dually perfused organ (perfusion of both portal vein and hepatic artery) perfusion of the hepatic artery with bicarbonate–containing buffer, ursodeoxycholate had a similar stimulatory effect as in vivo in both control and cirrhotic rats. When bicarbonate in the hepatic artery was replaced by tricine–acetate, a decrease in biliary bicarbonate and bile flow occurred in controls but not in cirrhotic rats. During ursodeoxycholate stimulation, a decrease in biliary bicarbonate occurred in both experimental groups. We conclude that ursodeoxycholate maintains its hypercholeretic properties in cirrhosis and that the ductular proliferation found in this model of cirrhosis conveys a larger bicarbonate–stimulating capacity to this tertiary bile acid. These results lend further support the cholehepatic shunt hypothesis to explain ursodeoxycholate–induced bicarbonate–rich hypercholeresis in rodents.(HEPATOLOGY 1994;20:1048–1054)
The John B. Murphy Oration [Abridged] on MURPHY, AND SOME PRINCIPLES OF URINARY SURGERY
Authors: A. H. Burgess
Journal: BMJ (1931)

between peritoneal-clad surfaces.Though it is now the T[eAJohnB.RMDrphy Oration almost universal practice to dispense with any form of [ABRIDGED] mechanical device in performing visceral anastomosis, ON yet it can be truly said that the Murphy button has been
Development of Baroreflex Activity in Unanesthetized Fetal and Neonatal Lambs
Authors: ELLIOT A. SHINEBOURNE, EERO K. VAPAAVUORI, ROBERT L. WILLIAMS, MICHAEL A. HEYMANN, ABRAHAM M. RUDOLPH
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Baroreflex activity was assessed in 10 fetal lambs at 85-145 days of gestation. ECG leads sewn to the fetal chest wall, vinyl catheters in brachial artery and femoral vein, and a balloon catheter in the descending aorta were exteriorized through the ewe's flank. After at least 36 hours, the reflex bradycardia, in response to increased blood pressure by balloon inflation, was measured. Baroreflex sensitivity was expressed as the slope of the beat-to-beat relationship between systolic (S.P.) or pulse (P.P.) pressure and the subsequent R-R interval or instantaneous heart rate (H.R.). Baroreflex activity was considered absent if the slope did not differ significantly from zero or if the correlation coefficient was less than 0.7. Throughout gestation baroreceptors could respond to pressure elevation, but the proportion of positive responses increased with age. Baroreflex sensitivity increased up to term when either S.P. or P.P. were plotted against the next R-R interval. Regression analysis of S.P. or P.P. vs. R-R interval, or of P.P. vs. H.R showed increasing baroreflex sensitivity with maturation Analysis of S.P. vs. H.R. showed no significant increase in response with advancing gestation; however, this type of analysis does not take into account the slower resting heart rates of older animals.
The Perils of Obesity in Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Theodore B. VanItallie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

In the past, epidemiologic surveys concerned with the relation of body build to health and longevity have tended to underestimate the long-term adverse effects of excess body weight.1 Consequently, the hazards of obesity have not been taken seriously enough by many physicians. Now, as a result of the prospective study of obesity and the risk of coronary heart disease in this issue of the Journal,2 any remaining confidence that some degree of obesity in women is safe is likely to be replaced by deep concern. In their somber report, Manson et al. point out that in 115,886 American women . . .
School Health and the Family Physician
Authors: Kenneth L. Maclachlan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE purpose of this paper is to encourage family physicians to understand better the aims of the school-health program, to emphasize the necessity of keeping school children under the family instead of the school physician, to foster individual private rather than collective state examination for school children and to make family physicians realize that the proper examination of school children according to the school-health regulations allows the private practice of medicine to reach the children during their formative years, thus encouraging the implantation of the idea of private in contradistinction to socialized medicine. It might even be pointed out that . . .
Congenital Volkmann ischaemic contracture: a case report and review
Authors: P.M.H. Cham, B.A. Drolet, A.D. Segura, N.B. Esterly
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Congenital Volkmann ischaemic contracture or neonatal compartment syndrome has rarely been discussed in the literature of dermatology. The condition often involves the upper extremity with cutaneous lesions, contractures and neuropathy. Because the lesions can be mistaken for other entities including necrotizing fasciitis, neonatal gangrene, congenital varicella, aplasia cutis congenita, amniotic band syndrome, subcutaneous fat necrosis and epidermolysis bullosa, dermatologists play a significant role in the diagnosis and, consequently, the treatment of the patient. We describe a premature newborn who had a unilateral, well-demarcated necrotic plaque with a central pallor at birth. The plaque extended circumferentially over the left forearm from the wrist to the elbow. Left wrist oedema, bullae over the fingers and flaccid paralysis at the wrist were also noted.