tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Imatinib produces significantly superior molecular responses compared to interferon alfa plus cytarabine in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase
Authors: S Branford, Z Rudzki, A Harper, A Grigg, K Taylor, S Durrant, C Arthur, P Browett, A P Schwarer, D Ma, J F Seymour, K Bradstock, D Joske, K Lynch, I Gathmann, T P Hughes
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Salmonella Osteomyelitis in Patients with Sickle-Cell Anemia
Authors: E. W. Hook, C. G. Campbell, H. S. Weens, G. R. Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

INDIVIDUAL case reports1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 of salmonella osteomyelitis in patients with sickle-cell anemia have appeared in the literature since 1925. In 1951 Hodges and Holt13 cited 5 cases of Salmonella paratyphi B osteomyelitis in patients with sickle-cell anemia and first called attention to the relation between these diseases. Salmonella osteomyelitis complicating sickle-cell anemia has been described by Smith14 in 2 cases, Vandepitte et al.,15 who reported 5 cases, and recently by Hughes and Carroll,16 who added 4 cases.The purpose of the present paper is to report 4 cases of salmonella infection encountered during a study of 36 consecutive cases of sickle-cell . . .
Verapamil Pharmacodynamics and Disposition in Young and Elderly Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Darrell R. Abernethy, Janice B. Schwartz, Elizabeth L. Todd, Robert Luchi, Eleanor Snow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

We studied verapamil pharmacodynamics and disposition in seven young, ten elderly, and seven very elderly hypertensive males. Maximal decrease in mean (± SD) blood pressure tended to be greater in the elderly (-13.5 ± 5.9 mm Hg) and the very elderly patients (-15.9 ± 9.6 mm Hg) compared with that in young patients (-7.3 ± 4.2 mm Hg). Disparate effects on heart rate responses were noted with reflex tachycardia in young patients compared with decreases in heart rate among the elderly and very elderly. Sensitivity to verapamil-induced prolongation in electrocardiographic P-R interval was less in the very elderly, and maximal prolongation in P-R interval induced by verapamil was less in the elderly and very elderly. Verapamil disposition was also age related. Total verapamil clearance was decreased in elderly (10.5 ± 3.5 mL/min · kg; p < 0.05) and very elderly (88.0 ± 4.1 mL/ min · kg; p < 0.01) when compared with that in young patients (15.5 ± 4.5 mL/min · kg). Elimination half-life was prolonged in the elderly (7.4 ± 3.3 h; p < 0.01) and very elderly (8.0 ± 1.2 h; p < 0.01) compared with that in young patients (3.8 ± 1.1 h). Our data indicate age- and hypertension-related physiologic changes result in predictable pharmacokinetic changes. However, the complex alterations in verapamil pharmacodynamic responses indicate an interaction between direct drug effects and age- and disease-related changes in hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system function.
Modeling the chemistry of complex petroleum mixtures.
Authors: R J Quann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Determining the complete molecular composition of petroleum and its refined products is not feasible with current analytical techniques because of the astronomical number of molecular components. Modeling the composition and behavior of such complex mixtures in refinery processes has accordingly evolved along a simplifying concept called lumping. Lumping reduces the complexity of the problem to a manageable form by grouping the entire set of molecular components into a handful of lumps. This traditional approach does not have a molecular basis and therefore excludes important aspects of process chemistry and molecular property fundamentals from the model's formulation. A new approach called structure-oriented lumping has been developed to model the composition and chemistry of complex mixtures at a molecular level. The central concept is to represent an individual molecular or a set of closely related isomers as a mathematical construct of certain specific and repeating structural groups. A complex mixture such as petroleum can then be represented as thousands of distinct molecular components, each having a mathematical identity. This enables the automated construction of large complex reaction networks with tens of thousands of specific reactions for simulating the chemistry of complex mixtures. Further, the method provides a convenient framework for incorporating molecular physical property correlations, existing group contribution methods, molecular thermodynamic properties, and the structure--activity relationships of chemical kinetics in the development of models.
The utility of the ACC/AHA guidelines for screening angiography in patients undergoing surgical repair for mitral regurgitation
Authors: Eric Lim, Ziad Ali, Clifford Barlow, A.R. Hosseinpour, James C. Halstead, Christopher Wisbey, Susan C. Charman, John B. Barlow, Francis C. Wells
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Early Markers of HIV-1 Infection in Plasma Donors
Authors: Roger Y. Dodd
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In the 5 years since the identification of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we can be grateful for the tremendous progress in our knowledge of the basic biology of this agent. We also have a good, but by no means complete, picture of the serological response in people infected with HIV-1. A wide range of laboratory tests are available, some better suited to the research laboratory while others are commercially produced and performed tens of millions of times each year. Taken together, these tests have produced benefits ranging from greatly increased safety of the blood supply to in vitro and clinical assessment of promising therapeutic agents for AIDS. In this issue ofThe Journal, Stramer et al<sup>1</sup>report their investigation of markers for HIV-1 infection in closely spaced serial samples from paid plasma donors; their report adds valuable information to
Treatment of Anaerobic Infections with Lincomycin and Clindamycin
Authors: John G. Bartlett, Vera L. Sutter, Sydney M. Finegold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract The efficacy of lincomycin and clindamycin against anaerobic bacteria was evaluated by in vitro sensitivity studies and clinical observations. Ninety-six per cent of 219 stock strains of various anaerobes were sensitive to 3.1 μg per milliliter of clindamycin, including 96 per cent of 123 strains of Bacteroides fragilis. All but two strains (both Fusobacterium varium) were inhibited by 6.2 μg per milliliter, a clinically achievable level. Most species tested were also sensitive, although less so, to lincomycin. Resistant organisms included most B. fragilis and many Clostridium perfringens strains. The patients treated had infections due to a variety of anaerobes, including B. fragilis. Response was favorable in 10 of 11 patients who were treated with lincomycin and in each of 14 patients treated with clindamycin. The data suggest that these agents, particularly clindamycin, are useful in the therapy of anaerobic infections.
Interview with a Medical Patient.
Authors: James H. Ryan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Interview with a Medical Patient.James H. Ryan, M.D.James H. Ryan, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1175_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDiscussion of the techniques of interviewing a medical patient, demonstrating the correlation that exists between the patient's physical disease and his emotional life is given. A film is shown that was made during an actual first interview with a patient from the medical wards of the Columbia-Presbyterian Hospital.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James H. Ryan, M.D.Affiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1175-1175KeywordsEmotions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: William H. Neches
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE early diagnosis of left atrial myxomas is important since these tumors can be removed surgically, with excellent results.<sup>1-3</sup>However, the signs and symptoms of a left atrial myxoma are variable and in most cases, the correct diagnosis is not suspected until after systemic embolization of tumor fragments has occurred.<sup>1,3,4</sup>In many patients, the presence of mitral regurgitation has led to an erroneous diagnosis of rheumatic or viral myocarditis. This report describes the clinical findings that led to the correct diagnosis of left atrial myxoma in a child who was initially thought to have acute myocarditis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 10-year-old boy was in excellent health until one week before admission when he developed signs and symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection. Exertional dyspnea and orthopnea appeared and became increasingly severe. His physician first heard an apical systolic murmur two days before admission. There was no
c-Myb–Dependent Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation
Authors: Karolina M. Kolodziejska, M.H. Noyan-Ashraf, Andras Nagy, Andrea Bacon, Jon Frampton, Hong-Bo Xin, Michael I. Kotlikoff, Mansoor Husain
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Both in vitro and in vivo studies have implicated the c-Myb transcription factor in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and hematopoiesis. However, its role in differentiation and maturation of contractile, as opposed to proliferating, SMCs has not been investigated. Here we demonstrate that c-myb −/− embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are incapable of producing embryoid bodies (EBs) with spontaneously contracting SMCs but can differentiate into contracting cardiomyocytes unimpaired. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed that whereas mesodermal differentiation was unaffected, myocardin, a critical determinant of SMC differentiation, became upregulated at day 7 in wild-type, but not in c-myb −/− EBs. SMC-specific genes, smooth muscle α-actin, SM22α and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain reached peak expression levels by day 15 of differentiation and were 2- to 3-fold higher in wild-type as compared with c-myb −/− derived EBs. Similarly, fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis confirmed significantly different proportions of smooth muscle α-actin–positive cells in wild-type (26.8±0.7%) versus c-myb −/− (12.3±0.4%) EBs. Temporal induction of these SMC-specific markers preceded and paralleled contractile SMC appearance and predicted the relative (in)ability of c-myb −/− and wild-type ESC lines to generate EBs with contracting SMCs. Importantly, data from EBs faithfully predicted a significant reduction in c-myb −/− cell contribution to SMC lineage in vivo, in chimeric E11.5 embryo and adult aortas relative to brain and skin chimerism, respectively. Moreover, the visceral SMC population in chimeric embryos was nearly devoid of c-myb −/− cells. Our data are the first to implicate c-Myb in SMC differentiation from precursor stem cell–derived populations, reinforcing its potential role in phenotypic modulation of SMCs and vascular disease.
Study of the Secular Trend in Asbestos Bodies in Lungs in London 1936-66
Authors: C.-H. Um
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Thick sections (30μ unstained) cut from blocks of lung tissue from 100 consecutive necropsies for the years 1936, 1946, 1956, and 1966 at the Archway Hospital, London, have been searched for asbestos bodies. The incidence rose progressively—0, 3, 14, and 20% respectively. The rise was not explained by the increasing age of death in the later years or by the likely effects of changes in the areas within London in which the deaths occurred. There was no similar increase in the incidence of other bodies in the lungs which might be mistaken for asbestos bodies. The rising incidence is shown to fit reasonably with a model based on the hypothesis that the risk of inhaling asbestos increases in relation to the cumulative total of asbestos imported into the country from 1910 onwards. The rising incidence does not fit a model in which the risk depends simply on the current level of asbestos imports.
Social Stress and the Russian Mortality Crisis
Authors: David A. Leon
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of mandibular and tongue protrusion on upper airway size during wakefulness.
Authors: K A Ferguson, L L Love, C F Ryan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Oral appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) produce either mandibular or tongue protrusion, and are thought to enlarge the upper airway (UA). We used videoendoscopy to measure UA cross-sectional area (CSA) and shape in the hypopharynx, oropharynx, and velopharynx during various stages of active mandibular and tongue protrusion during wakefulness in 10 patients with OSA and nine control subjects. Measurements were made in the supine position at end-tidal expiration, and were normalized to the CSA in the normal bite position. Airway shape was expressed as the anteroposterior/lateral (AP/L) diameter ratio. There were no differences between OSA patients and controls in the effects of mandibular and tongue protrusion on UA caliber. Both mandibular and tongue protrusion increased CSA in the hypopharynx and oropharynx (p < 0.001), whereas only tongue protrusion increased CSA in the velopharynx (p < 0.001). Tongue protrusion caused a greater increase in oropharyngeal and velopharyngeal CSA than did mandibular protrusion (p < 0.05). Mandibular protrusion caused a greater increase in CSA in the hypopharynx than in the oropharynx or velopharynx (p < 0.05). Obese patients had a larger relative increase in oropharyngeal CSA with mandibular and tongue protrusion than did subjects of normal weight. Tongue protrusion increased the AP/L diameter ratio in the oropharynx and velopharynx (p < 0.001), and mandibular protrusion did so to a lesser extent in the oropharynx (p < 0.01), resulting in a more circular airway shape. We conclude that mandibular and tongue protrusion increase the CSA and alter the shape of the UA during wakefulness.
Hypoxia Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Yuxiang Liu, Shanna R. Cox, Toshisuke Morita, Stella Kourembanas
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mitogen specific for endothelial cells. Its expression is dramatically induced by low oxygen tension in a variety of cell types, and it has been suggested to be a key mediator of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Although VEGF action is targeted to endothelial cells, it is generally believed that these cells do not express VEGF. In addition, the mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates VEGF production remain unclear. We report in the present study that pulmonary artery endothelial cells do not express VEGF under basal conditions; however, significant VEGF mRNA levels accumulate when these cells are exposed to hypoxia. Using a DNA fragment containing human VEGF promoter sequence, we identified a 28-bp element that is necessary and sufficient to upregulate transcription in response to hypoxia. This element can act as a hypoxia-specific enhancer when placed upstream or downstream from a heterologous promoter. The enhancer includes, in addition to an octamer homologous to the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) consensus, a sequence that resides 3′ to the consensus. Although this sequence may not be involved in the binding of HIF-1, it is absolutely required for the enhancer activity and may be the binding site for certain constitutive binding proteins. The expression of VEGF by endothelial cells in response to hypoxia may provide an important mechanism by which endothelial cell permeability and proliferation is regulated in an autocrine manner.
Effects of left ventricular asynchrony on time constant and extrapolated pressure of left ventricular pressure decay in coronary artery disease
Authors: Motoshi Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Fujitani, Keiji Kurogane, Hong-Tai Bai, Chuichi Toda, Tohru Yamasaki, Hisashi Fukuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Effect of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Use on Mortality From Prostate Cancer
Authors: William D. Figg, Ian M. Thompson
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

The role of androgens as a key driver of prostate carcinogenesis has been known for 50 years.In the early 1990s, with the development of finasteride, a selective inhibitor of the type 2 isoenzyme of 5α-reductase (5-AR) that lowers intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone levels, it was hypothesized that 5-AR inhibition might prevent prostate cancer.Two phase 3 studies, the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) 1 and the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) 2 trial, were designed to investigate the effect of finasteride (PCPT) and dutasteride (REDUCE) on prostate cancer incidence.The PCPT was initiated in 1993 as the first large populationbased trial to test a chemopreventive strategy against prostate cancer. 1 This prospective, randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial enrolled 18 882 men 55 years or older with a normal digital rectal examination (DRE) result and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 3.0 ng/mL or lower (to convert to micrograms per liter, multiply by 1) and assigned them to treatment with finasteride, 5 mg/d, or placebo for 7 years.Prostate biopsies were performed in men for cause (abnormal prostate examination result or PSA level >4.0 ng/mL) and in cancer-free men at the end of 7 years of treatment.Results of the PCPT were reported in 2003. 1 Based on recommendations of an independent data and safety monitoring committee, a decision was made to close the study because there was convincing evidence that the primary study objective had been met: a significantly reduced risk of prostate cancer.Finasteride reduced the prevalence of prostate cancer by 24.8%. 1 The prevalence of Gleason grade 7 to 10 cancers was 6.4% in the finasteride group compared with 5.1% in the placebo group.Risk reduction in prostate cancer was apparent in men undergoing biopsy for cause and in men undergoing end-of-study biopsy.Prostate volumes were 24% smaller in men taking finasteride than in those receiving placebo.The concerning finding of the study was the higher prevalence of Gleason grade 7 to 10 cancers in the finasteride group.The following theories could explain the paradoxical increase in high-grade disease: 1. Histologic artifact associated with finasteride use may result in incorrect grading of prostate cancers.2. Finasteride may be more effective at preventing development of cancers with Gleason grade 2 to 6 than with Gleason grade 7 to 10. 3. A reduction in gland volume may improve high-grade cancer detection in men receiving finasteride, resulting in a proportionally higher rate of detection of high-grade cancers in this group.4. The performance characteristics of PSA measurement and DRE for prostate cancer detection among men receiving fi-
Limited list: limited effects?
Authors: R J Taylor, C M Bond
Journal: BMJ (1985)

During the first month after the limited National Health Service drug list came into effect 17 cooperative general practitioners recorded the actions taken when a now prohibited drug would formerly have been prescribed. An average of 6% of direct surgery contacts with patients and 8% of indirect contacts with patients were affected by the new regulations, but in 2% and 4% of cases respectively the patient received the same pharmacological substance under a different (generic or approved) name. Where a real change in pharmacological constitution or formulation had been required four fifths of these substitutes were considered by the doctors to result in less effective treatment. In 1% of contacts no drug was issued or recommended where one would formerly have been given.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Elderly Persons
Authors: M. G. Saklayen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 November 1989Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Elderly PersonsM. G. Saklayen, MDM. G. Saklayen, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-10-854_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:In a timely and much needed study, Dr. Murphy and colleagues (1) have evaluated the usefulness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts in the geriatric population. We also did a study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly, which, although smaller in scale, generated conclusions similar to those of Murphy and coworkers. In May 1988 we did an audit on the outcomes of all cardiopulmonary resuscitation efforts done in our Veterans Administration Medical Center from October 1987 to April 1988. During these 7 months, 125 resuscitation efforts were done on 97 patients (some patients had cardiopulmonary resuscitation more than once);...Reference1. Murphy D, Murray A, Robinson B, and Campion E. Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:199-205. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: M. G. Saklayen, MDAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Wright State University School of Medicine Dayton, OH 45435 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIn-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Survival in 1 Hospital and Literature ReviewSurvival After In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest of Noncritically Ill Patients 15 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 10Page: 854-854KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationElderlyGeriatricsResuscitation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...