tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Short-Term Response to Haloperidol Treatment With a Polymorphism in the Dopamine D<sub>2</sub>Receptor Gene
Authors: Martin Schäfer, Dan Rujescu, Ina Giegling, Axel Guntermann, Andreas Erfurth, Brigitta Bondy, Hans-Jürgen Möller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Pharmacogenetic influences on therapeutic response to neuroleptic treatment are poorly understood. This study investigates the association of response to short-term haloperidol treatment with a Taq I polymorphism in the DRD2 gene. METHOD: Fifty-seven patients with acute psychosis were treated with haloperidol for up to 28 days. Improvement and response were measured by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Forty-one patients were homozygous for allele 2, and 16 were heterozygous. RESULTS: Heterozygous patients showed a greater improvement in positive, but not in negative, symptoms on all treatment days than patients homozygous for allele 2. Differences in improvement of positive symptoms reached statistical significance on days 14, 21, and 28. On treatment day 14, 10 (62.5%) of 16 heterozygous patients had at least 50% improvement of positive symptoms, compared with 11 (28.9%) of 38 homozygous patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that genetic variations in the DRD2 gene may influence the individual response to antipsychotics.
Characterization of the cassette containing genes for type 3 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.
Authors: J P Dillard, M W Vandersea, J Yother
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The capsular polysaccharide is the major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previously, we identified and cloned a region from the S. pneumoniae chromosome specific for the production of type 3 capsular polysaccharide. Now, by sequencing the region and characterizing mutations genetically and in an in vitro capsule synthesis assay, we have assigned putative functions to the products of the type-specific genes. Using DNA from the right end of the region in mapping studies, we have obtained further evidence indicating that the capsule genes of each serotype are contained in a gene cassette located adjacent to this region. We have cloned the region flanking the left end of the cassette from the type 3 chromosome and have found that it is repeated in the S. pneumoniae chromosome. The DNA sequence and hybridization data suggest a model for recombination of the capsule gene cassettes that not only describes the replacement of capsule genes, but also suggests an explanation for binary capsule type formation, and the creation of novel capsule types.
Osteitis Pubis, Tc-99m MDP, and Professional Hockey Players
Authors: RUSSELL C. BRIGGS, PAUL H. KOLBJORNSEN, ROGERS C. SOUTHALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Three cases of osteitis pubis detected by bone scanning with Tc-99m MDP in professional ice hockey players are presented. This entity is related to mechanical stress and aggravated by forceful contraction of the adductor and rectus abdominis muscles. The signs, symptoms, and laboratory data are relatively nonspecific, as are radiographic findings in the early stage (pubic symphysitis). The use of bone scanning in the appropriate clinical setting aids in diagnosis.
Fertility and legal abortion in England and Wales: performance indicators for family planning services.
Authors: M. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The relation between fertility rates and legal abortion rates was investigated in a sample of health authorities in England and Wales to see how these varied. Total period fertility rates and total period legal abortion rates were derived from the average number of live births or legal abortions that would be experienced per woman if women experienced the age specific rates of the year in question throughout their childbearing years. The sample of 30 health authorities was selected by taking the districts with the highest and lowest fertility rates in each English region and in Wales in 1986. Total period fertility rates varied from 1.37 in Riverside to 2.42 in Tower Hamlets, while abortion rates varied from 0.25 in East Yorkshire to 0.99 in Riverside. When the two rates were added to provide a potential fertility rate it became clear that some districts with similar potential fertility rates had very different underlying component rates. Such comparisons can be used for service monitoring, indicating the need for better abortion and family planning services in districts with high fertility rates and for better family planning services in those with high abortion rates.
Relative contribution of glycogen synthesis and glycolysis to insulin-mediated glucose uptake. A dose-response euglycemic clamp study in normal and diabetic rats.
Authors: L Rossetti, A Giaccari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

To examine the relationship between plasma insulin concentration and intracellular glucose metabolism in control and diabetic rats, we measured endogenous glucose production, glucose uptake, whole body glycolysis, muscle and liver glycogen synthesis, and rectus muscle glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) concentration basally and during the infusion of 2, 3, 4, 12, and 18 mU/kg.min of insulin. The contribution of glycolysis decreased and that of muscle glycogen synthesis increased as the insulin levels rose. Insulin-mediated glucose disposal was decreased by 20-30% throughout the insulin dose-response curve in diabetics compared with controls. While at low insulin infusions (2 and 3 mU/kg.min) reductions in both the glycolytic and glycogenic fluxes contributed to the defective tissue glucose uptake in diabetic rats, at the three higher insulin doses the impairment in muscle glycogen repletion accounted for all of the difference between diabetic and control rats. The muscle G-6-P concentration was decreased (208 +/- 11 vs. 267 +/- 18 nmol/g wet wt; P less than 0.01) compared with saline at the lower insulin infusion, but was gradually increased twofold (530 +/- 16; P less than 0.01 vs. basal) as the insulin concentration rose. The G-6-P concentration in diabetic rats was similar to control despite the reduction in glucose uptake. These data suggest that (a) glucose transport is the major determinant of glucose disposal at low insulin concentration, while the rate-limiting step shifts to an intracellular site at high physiological insulin concentration; and (b) prolonged moderate hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia determine two distinct cellular defects in skeletal muscle at the levels of glucose transport/phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN HEAD-SURGERY BY MEANS OF GLASS NASAL TUBES
Authors: JOSEPH E. LUMBARD
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Anesthesia for head-surgery certainly presents difficulties for the anesthetist. In order to insure greater safety to the patient and less interference of the anesthetist with the surgeon during an operation on the head, many inhalers have been produced, Nasal tubes for such purposes of anesthesia were introduced in 1908 by Dr. Edwin Pynchon of Chicago and Dr. Stuart B. Blakely of New York independently. Since one of these instruments allows the entrance of too much air and the other does not provide sufficient air, I have devised an instrument which experience has proved to be more practical than any other on the market. My apparatus consists of two glass tubes (Fig. 1, A and B) so bent that each will properly fit a nostril. These tips are connected with the mechanism which supplies the anesthetic vapor by means of two soft rubber tubes ( Fig. 1, C), joined together at the
Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Accuracy of FNA Diagnosis and Implications for Patient Management
Authors: Berrin Ustun, David Chhieng, Manju L. Prasad, Elizabeth Holt, Lynwood Hammers, Tobias Carling, Robert Udelsman, Adebowale J. Adeniran
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2014)
IL-5 promotes induction of antigen-specific CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that suppress autoimmunity
Authors: Giang T. Tran, Suzanne J. Hodgkinson, Nicole M. Carter, Nirupama D. Verma, Karren M. Plain, Rochelle Boyd, Catherine M. Robinson, Masaru Nomura, Murray Killingsworth, Bruce M. Hall
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prenatal diagnosis: a broader perspective
Authors: F. Hecht
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To  Editor.—  The emphasis in prenatal diagnosis tends to be on Down's syndrome and  mother aged 35 years or older. However, as Norman Fost, MD (242:2326, 1979), points out, the majority of infants with Down's syndrome are... born to women younger than 35 years.  It is important to have a broader perspective. Criteria aside from maternal age should be considered. These criteria include  following: (1) families with a history of translocation or inversion; (2) families with a previous child with a chromosome abnormality; and (3) families with a child who died with multiple congenital anomalies and who did not have chromosome studies performed.  The matter of prenatal diagnosis goes beyond Down's syndrome and maternal age. Prenatal genetic diagnosis is a service, as Fost notes, which makes conception acceptable where previously it was often avoided because of irrational fears.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rin Yamaguchi, Hirohisa Yano, Akihiro Iemura, Sachiko Ogasawara, Makoto Haramaki, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is thought to take an important role in tumor angiogenesis. The present study examined VEGF expression immunohistochemically in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in various histological grades and sizes. In HCCs that were composed of cancerous tissues of single histological grade, VEGF expression was the highest in well-differentiated HCCs, followed by moderately differentiated HCCs, and then poorly differentiated HCCs. VEGF positivity gradually decreased with the increase in tumor size. In the nodules larger than 3.0 cm, 36.8% were VEGF-negative. In HCCs consisting of cancerous tissues of two different histological grades, the expression was less intensive in the higher-grade HCC component. VEGF was not expressed in sarcomatous areas, while VEGF was expressed in the surrounding HCC tissues. The expression was also remarkable in the noncancerous tissues in which inflammatory cell infiltration was apparent. VEGF expression was also examined in six HCC cell lines. In reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, expressions of the two secretion types (VEGF121 and VEGF165) were the highest. Thus, VEGF protein in culture supernatant was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with or without inflammatory cytokines, i.e., interleukin (IL)-1beta, interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha; and growth factors, i.e., epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha. As a result, secretion of VEGF from the cell lines was upregulated at various degrees. Based on these findings, VEGF expression in HCC tissues was thought to be related to the histological grade. The findings also indicate that various cytokines and growth factors could cooperatively act to enhance VEGF expressions in HCC.
Reduced severity of Rh-haemolytic disease after anti-D immunoglobulin.
Authors: L A Derrick Tovey, A E Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A total of 2459 Rh-negative women who received anti-D immunoglobulin after a Rh-positive pregnancy were followed up in at least one subsequent pregnancy. There was a failure of protection rate of 1-6%. Follow-up of 53 subsequent infants of mother in whom protection had failed showed that the infants were less severely affected than would have been expected. This was confirmed by a comparative statistical analysis of the present series and a series of first affected cases before anti-D immunoglobulin was available, using the antibody titre during pregnancy and the haemoglobin levels at delivery.
The Accuracy of the Physical Examination in the Diagnosis of Suspected Ascites
Authors: Edward L. Cattau
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Twenty-one patients referred for evaluation with a diagnosis of questionable ascites were examined independently by three investigators who performed five different physical examination maneuvers. With ultrasonography as the reference standard, six patients had ascites. The sensitivity and specificity of the physical examination maneuvers ranged from 50% to 94% and 29% to 82%, respectively. The overall accuracy of the maneuvers was only 58%. The results of this study indicate that routine physical examination has definite limitations in the precise diagnosis of equivocal ascites. The only conclusion that can be made by a physical maneuver with over 90% accuracy is that ascites is absent if no flank dullness is elicited. Ultrasonography is recommended in questionable cases.
SIK2 Is a Key Regulator for Neuronal Survival after Ischemia via TORC1-CREB
Authors: Tsutomu Sasaki, Hiroshi Takemori, Yoshiki Yagita, Yasukazu Terasaki, Tatsuya Uebi, Nanao Horike, Hiroaki Takagi, Teruo Susumu, Hiroshi Teraoka, Ken-ichi Kusano, Osamu Hatano, Naoki Oyama, Yukio Sugiyama, Saburo Sakoda, Kazuo Kitagawa
Journal: Neuron (2011)
243. Control of Undesirable Effects of GDNF Delivered in the Striatum of Healthy Rats Using a Tetracycline-Inducible AAV1 Vector
Authors: Abdelwahed Chtarto, Xin Yang, Mansoor Sharifi, Olivier Bockstael, Enni Lehtonen, David Blum, Laurence Abeloos, Jean-Marie Jaspar, Thierry Velu, Jacques Brotchi, Marc Levivier, Liliane Tenenbaum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to increase the survival of dopaminergic neurones in various deleterious environments. Therefore, it has been suggested that GDNF gene transfer has important potentialities for neuroprotective therapy for Parkinson's disease. However, undesirable effects of GDNF gene delivery such as behavioral alterations in healthy rats and down-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase at long-term have been described1.Therefore, we have constructed a tightly controlled autoregulatory tetracycline-inducible AAV vector (AAV-ptetbidiON) in which transcription of both the reverse tetracycline transactivator (rtTA) and the transgene are initiated from a bidirectional tetracycline- responsive promoter2. Using a modified AAV-ptetbidiON harbouring the M2 mutant transactivator3 encapsidated into AAV serotype 1 to deliver the human GDNF cDNA, widespread transduction of the striatum has been obtained in the induced state (in the presence of doxycycline). The striatal tissue concentration of GDNF was 75 pg/mg tissue in doxycycline-treated animals whereas it was undistinguishable from the endogenous level (4.5 pg/mg) in untreated animals. Unilateral administration of the AAV1-ptetbidiON-GDNF vector to the striatum of healthy rats resulted in a contralateral rotational behavior in doxycycline-treated but not in untreated animals. In addition, a doxycycline-dependent downregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase in the dopaminergic nerve terminals of the injected side was observed.These data suggest that behavioral and metabolic effects of striatal delivery of GDNF in healthy rats can be tightly controlled by using the autoregulatory rAAV1-ptetbidiON-GDNF vector.1 Georgievska et al. (2004). J. Neurosci. 24, 6437-6445.2 Chtarto et al. (2003). Gene Ther. 10, 86-96.3 Urlinger et al. (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97:7963-8.The presenter is inventor on a patent describing a vector which is owed by the University.
Nutrition and Hydration for the Terminally III-Reply
Authors: Robert M. McCann
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the comments of Dr Fainsinger. The articles we cited that failed to show a benefit of nutritional support in cancer patients used total parenteral nutrition that included adequate hydration. In the study by Clamon et al,<sup>1</sup>the use of intravenous hyperalimentation in cancer patients at a relatively early stage in their illness failed to show any benefit in survival or amelioration of toxicity. Fainsinger is correct that hydration was not addressed separately. We did not advocate "giving no fluids at all" in our study, but rather letting the patients determine the amount of fluids that they would ingest. The patients that were excluded from our study did not have the capacity to make their needs known consistently or for a long enough portion of their stay (&gt;25% of admission days) to be included in our study. Most of these were obtunded (seven patients) and died
Review of Stem-Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Older Patients in the Context of the Decision Memo for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome Emanating From the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Authors: Sergio A. Giralt, Mary Horowitz, Daniel Weisdorf, Corey Cutler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem-cell disorders that result in varying degrees of cytopenia and risk of transformation into acute leukemia. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) is the only known cure for this disease. The treatment is routinely used for younger patients, but only a minority of patients older than the age of 60 undergo this procedure. The overall MDS incidence is 3.3 per 100,000, but the incidence in patients older than age 70 is between 15 and 50 per 100,000. The median age at presentation is 76 years. Medicare-age patients 65 or older represent 80% of the total population receiving an MDS diagnosis. In the United States, one of the obstacles to SCT for older patients with MDS has been lack of third party reimbursement. On August 4, 2010, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services released their Decision Memo for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) for Myelodysplastic Syndrome. This memo states: "Allogeneic HSCT for MDS is covered by Medicare only for beneficiaries with MDS participating in an approved clinical study that meets the criteria below…. " In this review, we will summarize what is known regarding the role of allogeneic SCT in older patients as well as other elements that should be included within clinical trials that can provide the evidence necessary to demonstrate that allogeneic SCT should be a covered benefit for Medicare beneficiaries.
Epicardial foci of atrial arrhythmia apparently originating in the left pulmonary veins
Authors: Demosthenes Katritsis, Eleftherios Giazitzoglou, Socrates Korovesis, George Paxinos, John Ioannidis, Constantine E. Anagnostopoulos, John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract 4181: Retrospective tissue microarray analysis finds potential predictors of nodal metastasis in early tongue cancer
Authors: Fatima W. Khwaja, Sabeen Faiz, Rafay Azhar, Qasim Ahmad, Arif Jamshed
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Pakistan has one of the highest incidences of oral cancer in the world. In Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center (SKMCH&amp;RC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Tongue (SCCOT) is the second most common head and neck malignancy. To date only neck dissection, a highly invasive and costly procedure, can predict regional and distant recurrence of disease. However, only 20-30% of patients with early tongue carcinoma will actually have metastatic disease. Therefore, there is a pressing need to find low cost, and sensitive methods to identify patients requiring this invasive procedure. In this study we aim to examine a subset of proteins through tissue microarray (TMA) that could potentially serve as prognostic markers of nodal metastasis in early SCCOT in order to minimize unnecessary neck dissection in patients with early disease. Method: Retrospective analysis was performed in a double-blind manner on 2 tissue microarrays (5 cores/patient) created from paraffin-embedded specimens from 67 patients with well documented clinical history of the disease. The training set included 30 of the patients and was used to identify potential markers. The top two markers were then validated using the remaining 37 patients as the test set. Twenty five different proteins were tested as potential biomarkers of metastasis based on published literature on SCCOT and analyzed through IHC. Results: The partial protein profiles from TMA analyses recovered differential protein expression pattern in patients with recurrence versus those who remain disease free upto 36 months post treatment. Among these a glycoprotein, podoplanin (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and two cytokines, β-2 microglobulin (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and interleukin-8 (p = 0.004) were found up regulated and E-cadherin (p = 0.007) was down regulated in samples that metastasized following surgery. The expression of these three proteins combined in a potential biomarker panel could reliably predict outcome in 100% of the cases using k-nearest neighbor algorithm. These results were further confirmed using a verification set of 46 patients. In this new set, the potential biomarker panel was sufficient in predicting metastasis in 97.2% of SCCOT patients coming in with early disease. Conclusion: This study provides proof of principle data to show that individual proteins can be found through statistical analyses to compile a biomarker panel that can distinguish between patients with node positive versus node negative disease. These markers can be used either individually or in the form of a panel to optimize staging and treatment of SCCOT patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4181. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4181
Hypoxia triggers increased expression of p38 MAPK in cardiomycytes isolated from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Victor G. Sharov, Anastassia V. Todor, Ramesh Gupta, Sudhish Mishra, Norman Silverman, Sidney Goldstein, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
World Bank Pledges $200 Million to Stem Ebola Outbreak in West Africa
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The World Bank announced last month that it will allocate up to US $200 million in emergency assistance to help contain the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa that emerged in Guinea in December 2013 and has spread to Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria (http://bit.ly/1APsgaU).
Widespread cutaneous oxalosis in a patient with primary hyperoxaluria
Authors: H. Takenaka, H. Yasuno, T. Fukuda, T. Ono, S. Kishimoto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

A 40‐year‐old female undergoing haemodialysis developed many hard intracutaneous and subcutaneous nodules involving the whole body skin surface, especially on the limbs (Fig. 1a). X‐rays showed significant skin and subcutaneous calcifications (Fig. 1b). There were spotty, or reticular patterns of calcification, but no arterial calcification. A skin biopsy specimen revealed crystalline deposits with a radial configuration in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and many multinucleated foreign‐body giant cells around the deposits (Fig. 1c). Oxalosis, or calcium oxalate deposition in the tissues, may develop in patients with inherited disorders of oxalate metabolism or can occur secondary to other diseases and cutaneous oxalosis is very rare.1, 2