tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevation of soluble Fas and soluble Fas ligand in reactive macrophage activation syndromes
Authors: U. Emmenegger, R. Zehnder, U. Frey, A. Reimers, P.J. Spaeth, K.A. Neftel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Derailed T-cell activation can give rise to life-threatening macrophage activation, the final common pathway of the different forms of reactive macrophage activation syndromes (rMAS). Besides inappropriate activation of the immune system, impaired termination of immune responses might be another mechanism leading to rMAS. The Fas (CD95)/Fas ligand (CD95 ligand) system functions in turning off immune responses by executing activation-induced cell death (AICD). Soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (sFasL) can interfere with their corresponding membrane-bound counterparts, qualifying them as potential parameters of impaired immune termination. Hence, sFas and sFasL were analyzed in sera of rMAS patients. We show that soluble Fas/CD95 (sFas) is elevated >2 SD over the mean of controls in all 8 rMAS episodes studied (mean 12.08 +/- 6.12 ng/mL, range 3.7-20.2; controls 2.46 +/- 0.49, range 1.5-2.9). sFasL was detected during five rMAS episodes (0.70 +/- 0.49 ng/mL, range 0.16-1.28; controls all below the limit of detection of 0.1). In addition, both parameters decrease during convalescence, reflecting clinical evolution. In conclusion, sFas seems to be consistently elevated during acute rMAS. sFasL is detected only in a subgroup of our adult rMAS patients extending the recent finding of sFasL elevation in a majority of children with macrophage activation syndromes (Hasegawa et al. Blood 1998;91(8):2793-2799). By interfering with AICD, sFas and sFasL might contribute to the pathogenesis of at least a subset of rMAS.
197. Development of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery System
Authors: Zhi-Hong Yang, Toshinori Sato, Yoshiyuki Koyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Chitosan has been developed as a polycationic carrier for pDNA in gene delivery system with promising results. On the other hand, the mechanism of the intracellular transport of pDNA/chitosan complexes remains rudimentary yet. In this study, microinjection method was employed to investigate it. The effect of pDNA concentration, post-injection time, cell cycle and stoichiometry of pDNA/chitosan complexes on expression efficiency were investigated. Stability of pDNA complexes in cytosol was also estimated.
Lassitude. A primary care evaluation
Authors: L. I. Solberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

LASSITUDE is one of those wonderful words rarely used by patients today, although its synonyms (fatigue, weariness, tiredness, or listlessness) represent some of the most common complaints in primary care. For example, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 1 found fatigue to be the seventh most frequent initial complaint in US medical offices. In 1975, there were 10.5 million visits for this problem, and 25% of the time it was a new concern. If the Danish population is comparable, those seeking medical help for tiredness are but a small proportion of the afflicted. A stratified sample of 1,050 forty-year-old Danes found that 41% of the women and 25% of the men felt tired at present. 2   Despite being so common, lassitude receives scant attention in the medical literature. That may be partly because of that very commonness, and partly because lassitude is a symptom rather than a diagnosis. Moreover, the
Signal-Mediated, AP-1/Clathrin-Dependent Sorting of Transmembrane Receptors to the Somatodendritic Domain of Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Ginny G. Farías, Loreto Cuitino, Xiaoli Guo, Xuefeng Ren, Michal Jarnik, Rafael Mattera, Juan S. Bonifacino
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Why the Sun's breast check campaign may actually harm women
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It’s “Page 3 v breast cancer,” sang the Sun ’s front page, accompanied by a young woman naked apart from knickers, hand on mammary, to launch its “check ’em Tuesday” campaign.

The newspaper, keen to shift attention from widespread calls for it to scrap topless women on Page 3, will include a weekly call for women to examine their breasts and asks readers to send in photos to prove compliance. Readers can sign up for a text message reminder.

By page 3, though, the regular spot for the topless female, one of the cover model’s nipples had slipped out. Yes, it’s the same Sun , and even the founder of the campaign No More Page 3 has said that “it would be churlish to wish the campaign anything other than success.” …
Care of the Newborn
Authors: Carolyn S. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book emphasizes the clinical approach to neonatal medicine and provides ample theory and facts, avoiding a cookbook approach. There are three distinctly different portions of the book. Part 1 deals with general aspects of neonatal care, beginning in the delivery room with the initial newborn examination, the obstetric history, resuscitation, stabilization, and initial screening tests. Infant nutrition and care of the normal newborn and, importantly, of the family are emphasized, and an orderly and comprehensive discussion of discharge instructions and "before the first visit" newborn care is provided. The common newborn problems of sepsis, respiratory distress, jaundice, hypoglycemia, persistent fetal circulation, seizures, necrotizing enterocolitis, and surgical emergencies are adequately covered. Cyanotic congenital heart disease and congestive heart failure are sparsely covered, and two important and common problems of the very-low-birth-weight infant, intracranial hemorrhage and patent ductus arteriosus, are not discussed at all. The most serious criticism of this section
Unsafe sax: cohort study of the impact of too much sax on the mortality of famous jazz musicians
Authors: S. Kinra, M. Okasha
Journal: BMJ (1999)

It is widely accepted that poor breathing technique on any wind instrument breaks up the shape and flow of a solo. To overcome this problem, woodwind instrument players—especially saxophonists—often use circular breathing techniques (fig 1) to produce seamless air streams, inhaling through the nose while simultaneously inflating the cheeks and neck with air. This is a demanding and possibly dangerous exercise.1 Despite anecdotal reports of death by cerebrovascular causes, 2 3 there has been no formal study looking at mortality in these musicians.



Fig 1. 
Circular breathing. Intake of breath fills the chest and stomach; cheeks and neck are inflated when air is halfway up the chest. While forcing air from cheeks and neck into the instrument, the player simultaneously breathes in through the nose to the bottom of the stomach



Two compendiums of jazz with information on famous jazz musicians were used as the source of the cohort 2 3 Information retrieved included dates of birth and death (where relevant), nationality (American or otherwise), number and type of main instrument played (voice, …
TCT-52 The impact of collateral connection between chronic total occlusion and infarct related artery on early clinical outcomes in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: ömer şen, Mustafa Gür, Ahmet O. Baykan, Durmuş Y. Şahin, Taner Şeker, Gülhan Kalkan, Hakan Uçar, ARMAGAN ACELE, Murat Cayli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Favorable Course of Pericardial Angiosarcoma Under Paclitaxel Followed by Pazopanib Treatment Documented by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Peter Ong, Simon Greulich, Julia Schumm, Maik Backes, Martin Kaufmann, Sabine Bode-Erdmann, German Ott, Holger Hebart, Heiko Mahrholdt
Journal: Circulation (2012)
An Escaped Criminal Wanted.
Authors: E. D. Van Meter
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Denver, Colo., Dec. 22, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Inclosed please find photograph of one of the rankest medical impostors that I ever heard of. His right name is Edward Rietzel and his parents live at 92 Crystal St., Chicago. In 1891 he was convicted under the name of Fox for grand larceny and sent to the Reformatory at Pontiac. He was let out on parole and next was heard of in Niles City,
Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine
Authors: Susan Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The United States has lagged far behind Canada and the United Kingdom in both clinical programs and research in palliative medicine. Until recently, palliative care was denigrated by many American physicians as unworthy, unscientific, and even unprofessional (ie, more properly in the realm of nursing). This new textbook, with three editors (from the UK and Canada), 18 sections, and over 70 chapters, should go a long way toward convincing American readers that palliative medicine is important, scientific, and compellingly interesting. The section on pain management is by far the most extensive and the only one to have a preponderance of American authors. Discussions of the pathophysiology of pain, pain assessment, and treatment with pharmacologic, anesthetic, neurosurgical, and psychological means are thorough and scholarly. Readers with an interest in this topic will find little new information, but all will appreciate the comprehensiveness and clarity of the material. The chapters on other
Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Tetsuya Hosaka, Fumitaka Suzuki, Masahiro Kobayashi, Yuya Seko, Yusuke Kawamura, Hitomi Sezaki, Norio Akuta, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Satoshi Saitoh, Yasuji Arase, Kenji Ikeda, Mariko Kobayashi, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Antiviral agents are thought to reduce HCC development, but agents such as lamivudine (LAM) have a high rate of drug resistance. We compared the incidence of HCC in 472 entecavir (ETV)-treated patients and 1,143 nontreated HBV patients (control group). Propensity score matching eliminated the baseline differences, resulting in a sample size of 316 patients per cohort. The drug mutation resistance was 0.8% (4/472) in the ETV group. The cumulative HCC incidence rates at 5 years were 3.7% and 13.7% for the ETV and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, adjusted for a number of known HCC risk factors, showed that patients in the ETV group were less likely to develop HCC than those in the control group (hazard ratio: 0.37; 95% confidence interval: 0.15-0.91; P = 0.030). Both cohorts were applied in three previously reported risk scales and risk scores were generated based on age, gender, cirrhosis status, levels of alanine aminotransferase, hepatitis B e antigen, baseline HBV DNA, albumin, and bilirubin. The greatest HCC risk reduction occurred in high-risk patients who scored higher on respective risk scales. In sub analyses, we compared treatment effect between nucleos(t)ide analogs, which included matched LAM-treated patients without rescue therapy (n = 182). We found HCC suppression effect greater in ETV-treated (P < 0.001) than nonrescued LAM-treated (P = 0.019) cirrhosis patients when they were compared with the control group.Long-term ETV treatment may reduce the incidence of HCC in HBV-infected patients. The treatment effect was greater in patients at higher risk of HCC.
107 The roles of Mannan (Mn) and secreted enzyme, acid protease (AP), as allergens of Candida albicans (C. alb)
Authors: K AKIYAMA, T SHIDA, H YASUEDA, H MITA, Y YANAGIHARA, A SAITO, M HASEGAWA, Y MAEDA, H YAMAGUCHI, K TAKESAKO
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
False positive diagnostic tests and coronary angiographic findings in 105 presumably healthy males.
Authors: J Erikssen, I Enge, K Forfang, O Storstein
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Among 2014 presumably healthy males aged 40-59 years coronary heart disease (CHD) was suggested in 115 in the presence of one or more of the following criteria: 1) a WHO-questionnaire on angina pectoris positive on interview, 2) typical angina during a near maximal bicycle exercise test, 3) a positive exercise ECG during and/or post exercise, 4) a Minnesota Code 1.1 on a resting ECG. Diagnostic coronary angiography was offered to all 115 CHD-suspect cases. Six refused angiography and four others were excluded. Of the remaining 105, thirty-six had less than 50% obstruction of any major coronary artery (34.3%). Eighteen (17.1%) had single, 25 (23.8%) had double and 26 (24.8%) had triple vessel disease. In 62 of the 69 with pathologic angiograms at least one obstruction greater than or equal to 75% was found. Eighty percent of the cases with proven CHD were greater than or equal to 50 years. All CHD-suggestive criteria had approximately the same diagnostic performance regardless of age, i.e., approximately one false positive/two true positives. Except for one retroperitoneal hematoma no complications to angiography occurred.
P764Phospholamban p.Arg14del-mutation related cardiomyopathy is a biventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and protein-aggregate associated disease
Authors: WP Te Rijdt, PA Van Der Zwaag, JP Van Tintelen, JMI Gho, RA De Boer, MP Van Den Berg, AC Van Der Wal, A Vink, AS Suurmeijer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: To examine the gross and microscopic pathological features of complete heart specimens from patients carrying the phospholamban (PLN) p.Arg14del mutation and to test our hypothesis that this mutation leads to aggregation and autophagy of mutant PLN protein in cardiomyocytes. Methods: Sixteen hearts were studied, acquired from 8 male and 8 female patients with a median age of 51.5 years (range 29-74). Eleven were obtained from autopsies and five were explants. Six autopsy cases had died suddenly. The other 10 patients were clinically evaluated on the basis of widely accepted criteria for ARVC and DCM. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PLN was performed to visualize protein aggregation. IHC for sequestosome-1 (SQSTM-1/p62) was applied to visualize autophagy. Double IHC staining was performed to study co-localization of PLN and SQSTM-1/p62 in aggregates. Results: All hearts had an ARVC phenotype with gross or microscopic fibrofatty replacement of the RV wall. LV involvement was present in 15/16 hearts, characterized by interstitial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy. Microscopic LV fibrofatty replacement was seen in 8/16 hearts. Clinically, 8/10 patients were diagnosed with combined ARVC/DCM and 2/10 had ARVC. Large perinuclear PLN protein aggregates were found in cardiomyocytes in both ventricles in all examined hearts. The median number of PLN aggregates was 8 per 5mm2 (range 1-19) in RV myocardium and 12 per 5mm2 (range 2-39) in LV myocardium. Co-localization of SQSTM-1/p62 and PLN was observed in these aggregates. Typical example gross pathological feat.
The indirect Fick method is an unfeasible method for hemodynamic assessment in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients
Authors: Susanna Desole, Susann Czekay, Tom Bollmann, Katharina Lau, Ralf Ewert, Christian M. Kaehler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The indirect Fick method (Fick Ind ) is often used for the hemodynamic evaluation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As the Fick Ind  calculates the cardiac output (CO) assuming physiological VO 2  values, this method might be unfeasible for patients with pulmonary vascular diseases. We evaluated the suitability of hemodynamic data obtained by Fick Ind  in PAH.  Right heart catheterization was performed in 43 PAH patients (age 61±13 yrs) and 9 controls. 61% of patients suffered from idiopathic PAH, 30% from PAH associated with connective tissue diseases, the remaining 9% from other forms of PAH. Hemodynamic results obtained by Fick Ind  were compared to data from the thermodilution (TD) method.  Patients and controls did not differ in age and BSA. No significant difference between heart rates during the different techniques was detected in either group. Mean CO determined by Fick Ind  (CO Fick ) was 4.3±1.8 and 4.7±1.2 L/min in PAH patients and controls, respectively. In PAH patients CO by TD method (CO Thermo ) was consistently higher than CO Fick  (4.9±2.0 L/min) showing a significant difference (Wilcoxon; p Thermo  was 5.4±1.4 L/min (not significant to CO Fick ). Agreement analysis of CO Thermo  with CO Fick  revealed a comparable bias between methods in both groups (0.5±1.1 L/min in patients; 0.65±0.82 L/min in controls) with wider limits of agreement for the patient cohort (-1.6 to 2.6 L/min versus -1.0 to 2.3 L/min in controls).  Determination of CO by the Fick Ind  cannot be used in PAH patients as this method consequently underestimates CO. It can be suggested that the estimated VO 2  values in use for the calculation of the CO are invalid for PAH patients.
Occupational Exposure to Silica and End-stage Renal Disease
Authors: Russell A. Wilke
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The analysis by Dr Calvert and colleagues<sup>1</sup>demonstrated an association between chronic occupational exposure to silica and the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Based on a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-2.46), the authors reported that the overall risk for ESRD was significantly elevated in gold miners who had worked underground for at least 1 year. Although this study clearly illustrates the utility of the ESRD Program Management and Medical Information System, 1 limitation of the data base is that it only identifies individuals with renal disease once they have reached end stage. As the authors point out, the exact nature of the pathogenetic link between silica exposure and renal dysfunction will only be elucidated by studies using a more moderate end point, such as the development of chronic renal insufficiency. Interestingly, Calvert et al<sup>1</sup>showed that the risk for
Psychodiagnostische Variabeln zur Dyspnoe
Authors: A. Blaser, E. Heim
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1973)

An investigation with the MMPI and the MPI on 63 subjects (one-third each asthmatics, psychogenic respiratory disturbances and normal controls) proved, on a purely test-diagnostic level, earlier psychosomatic hypotheses to be correct [Heim et al., 1970]. The relative deviation between a self-rating of dyspnea and the respiration tests in a correlative and factor-analytic analysis with test variables revealed a personality relevant significance in the sense of a hystero-hypochondriac syndrome. Analysis of variance of the test data showed that the repartition of the sample into disease groups (asthmatics, psychogenic respiratory disturbances, normal controls) and into behaviour groups (aggravators, minimizers, neutrals) was psychologically meaningful.
A Review of 138 Cases of Closure of Tuberculous Lung Cavities Under Chemotherapy
Authors: J. D. Ross, D. T. Kay
Journal: Thorax (1956)

<h3>SUMMARY</h3> The human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) harbors remarkable regenerative potential that can be harnessed therapeutically. During early development, HSCs in the fetal liver (FL) undergo active expansion while simultaneously retaining robust engraftment capacity, yet the underlying molecular program responsible for their efficient engraftment remains unclear. We profiled 26,407 FL cells at both transcriptional and protein levels including over 7,000 highly enriched and functional FL HSCs to establish a detailed molecular signature of engraftment potential. Integration of transcript and linked cell surface marker expression revealed a generalizable signature defining functional FL HSCs and allowed for the stratification of enrichment strategies with high translational potential. This comprehensive, multi-modal profiling of engraftment capacity connects a critical biological function at a key developmental timepoint with its underlying molecular drivers, serving as a useful resource for the field.
A Retroposon Analysis of Afrotherian Phylogeny
Authors: Hidenori Nishihara, Yoko Satta, Masato Nikaido, J. G. M. Thewissen, Michael J. Stanhope, Norihiro Okada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Recent comprehensive studies of DNA sequences support the monophyly of Afrotheria, comprising elephants, sirenians (dugongs and manatees), hyraxes, tenrecs, golden moles, aardvarks, and elephant shrews, as well as that of Paenungulata, comprising elephants, sirenians, and hyraxes. However, phylogenetic relationships among paenungulates, as well as among nonpaenungulates, have remained ambiguous. Here we applied an extensive retroposon analysis to these problems to support the monophyly of aardvarks, tenrecs, and golden moles, with elephant shrews as their sister group. Regarding phylogenetic relationships in Paenungulata, we could characterize only one informative locus, although we could isolate many insertions specific to each of three lineages, namely, Proboscidea, Sirenia, and Hyracoidea. These data prompted us to reexamine phylogenetic relationships among Paenungulata using 19 nuclear gene sequences resulting in three different analyses, namely, short interspersed element (SINE) insertions, nuclear sequence analyses, and morphological cladistics, supporting different respective phylogenies. We concluded that these three lineages diverged very rapidly in a very short evolutionary period, with the consequence that ancestral polymorphism present in the last common ancestor of Paenungulata results in such incongruence. Our results suggest the rapid fixation of many large-scale morphological synapomorphies for Tethytheria; implications of this in relation to the morphological evolution in Paenungulata are discussed.
Enhancement of ethanol induced rectal mucosal hyper regeneration with age in F344 rats.
Authors: U A Simanowski, P Suter, R M Russell, M Heller, R Waldherr, R Ward, T J Peters, D Smith, H K Seitz
Journal: Gut (1994)

Experimental studies in rats have shown an independent stimulation of rectal cell turnover by either chronic ethanol consumption or age. In this study the combined effect of these two factors on colorectal cell regeneration has been investigated. Ninety male F344 rats aged 2, 12, and 22 months were pair fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing 36% of total energy either as ethanol or isoenergetic carbohydrates. After four weeks of feeding, colorectal crypt cell production rates were measured using a stathmokinetic technique with vincristine. While age by itself did not affect colorectal cell renewal, chronic ethanol consumption stimulated rectal, but not colonic crypt cell production rate in an age dependent manner. While no significant effect of ethanol was noted in young animals, cell proliferation was significantly enhanced in middle aged animals by 81% (4.1 (2.7-5.5) v 7.4 (6.0-8.7) cells/crypt/hour, p &lt; 0.001) and in old animals by 138% (4.5 (3.3-5.6) v 10.7 (8.9-12.4) cells/crypt/hour, p &lt; 0.001) after ethanol ingestion. Because acetaldehyde, the first and most toxic metabolite of ethanol, has been detected in the colorectal mucosa and may lead to tissue injury influencing cell regeneration, acetaldehyde concentrations have been measured in the colons of 15 male F344 rats of various ages after an acute intraperitoneal dose of ethanol (2.5 g/kg bodyweight). There was a significant positive correlation between crypt cell production rate and acetaldehyde concentrations measured in the distal and proximal colon after an acute dose of ethanol (r = 0.5955, p &lt; 0.005). These data clearly show that the ethanol mediated stimulation of cell regeneration in the rectum is age dependent. As reported earlier, there was found indirect evidence that acetaldehyde participates in the pathogenesis of rectal hyperregeneration after chronic alcohol consumption. This hyperregeneration of the rectal mucosa after alcohol drinking could by itself favour carcinogenesis, which is especially relevant in old age.