tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Logistic regression models used in medical research are poorly presented
Authors: R. Bender, U. Grouven
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The association of unipolar depression (UD), relative to healthy controls (HC), with cortical myelin is underexplored, despite growing evidence of associations with white matter tract integrity. We characterized cortical myelin in the 360 Glasser atlas regions using the T1w/T2w ratio in 39 UD and 47 HC participants (ages=19-44, 75% female). A logistic elastic net regularized regression with nested cross-validation and a subsequent linear discriminant analysis conducted on held-out samples were used to classify UD vs. HC. True-label model performance was compared against permuted-label model performance. Cortical myelin distinguished UD from HC with 68% accuracy (p&lt;0.001; sensitivity=63.8%, specificity=71.5%). Consistently selected regions were located in the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, extended visual, and auditory cortices, and showed statistically significant both decreases and increases in myelin levels in UD vs. HC. The patterns of cortical myelin in these regions may be a biomarker of UD.
Breast screening is beneficial, panel concludes, but women need to know about harms
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

UK women invited to attend screening for breast cancer are three times as likely to be treated for a cancer that would never have harmed them as they are to have their lives saved, an expert panel has concluded.1

For every 10 000 women invited to mammography screening for 20 years between the ages of 50 and 70, the panel estimated that 43 deaths would be prevented and 129 women would be given a diagnosis (and most likely treated) who did not need treatment. 

The panel’s calculation of the lives saved is close to that previously claimed by the NHS breast screening programme: 1300 a year. But 4000 women undergo treatment for a cancer that would not have harmed them.

The panel, assembled by the Department of Health for England and the charity Cancer Research UK, concluded that screening confers significant benefits and should continue but that clear communication to women of the harms and benefits was essential.

England’s national director for cancer, Mike Richards, said that he accepted the findings as “the best we’ve got” and that they would be incorporated into leaflets sent to women inviting them to be screened. 

Cancer Research UK said that it advised women to continue attending screening. Harpal Kumar, the charity’s chief executive, said, “On balance, taking all the evidence into account, CRUK recommends that women go for breast …
Reforms of incapacity benefit are seen as attack on the disabled, report says
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government’s reforms of incapacity benefit are widely seen as an attack on the disabled and a means of saving money rather than an attempt to help people back into work, a commons committee has concluded.

It blames the media for describing recipients as “workshy” or “scroungers” but also warns the government to take care with the language it uses so as not to lend support to the belief. It accepts that the government’s aim is the praiseworthy one of helping people back into employment, but says this has not been properly communicated, leading to fear and anxiety among vulnerable people.

Claimants who are assessed and found fully capable of work are told they have “failed” the assessment, the report …
Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stenting in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Pallav Garg, Sharon-Lise T. Normand, Treacy S. Silbaugh, Robert E. Wolf, Katya Zelevinsky, Ann Lovett, Manu R. Varma, Zheng Zhou, Laura Mauri
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at high risk for restenosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac mortality after coronary stenting, and the long-term safety of drug-eluting stents (DES) relative to bare-metal stents (BMS) in DM is uncertain. We report on a large consecutive series of patients with DM followed up for 3 years after DES and BMS from a regional contemporary US practice with mandatory reporting. Methods and Results— All adults with DM undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at all acute care nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts were identified from a mandatory state database. According to index admission stent type, patients were classified as DES treated if all stents were drug eluting and as BMS treated if all stents were bare metal; patients treated with both types of stents were excluded from the primary analysis. Mortality rates were obtained from vital statistics records, and myocardial infarction and revascularization rates were obtained from the state database with complete 3 years of follow-up on the entire cohort. Risk-adjusted mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularization differences (DES−BMS) were estimated with propensity-score matching based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the index admission. DM was present in 5051 patients (29% of the population) treated with DES or BMS during the study. Patients with DM were more likely to receive DES than BMS (66.1% versus 33.9%; P &lt;0.001). The unadjusted cumulative incidence of mortality at 3 years was 14.4% in DES versus 22.2% in BMS ( P &lt;0.001). Based on propensity-score analysis of 1:1 matched DES versus BMS patients (1476 DES:1476 BMS), the risk-adjusted mortality, MI, and target vessel revascularization rates at 3 years were 17.5% versus 20.7% (risk difference, −3.2%; 95% confidence interval, −6.0 to −0.4; P =0.02), 13.8% versus 16.9% (−3.0%; 95% confidence interval, −5.6 to 0.5; P =0.02), and 18.4% versus 23.7% (−5.4%; confidence interval, −8.3 to −2.4; P &lt;0.001), respectively. Conclusions— In a real-world diabetic patient population with mandatory reporting and follow-up, DES were associated with reduced mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularization rates at long-term follow-up compared with BMS.
PNEUMONIA—PATHOLOGY AND SYMPTOM ATOLOGY.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: F. S. CHURCHILL
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Croupous pneumonia, in the child as in the adult, may be defined as an acute, infectious self-limited disease, having its chief pathologic manifestations in the lungs. In this paper the writer proposes to discuss some of the points in the pathology and symptomatology of the disease. A.—PATHOLOGY. A clear comprehension of the pathology of the subject necessitates a brief glance at the child's lung in its normal condition. Here, the chief points of difference from the adult lung are as follows: the bronchial tubes are larger, the alveoli smaller, proportionally, than in the adult; the inter-alveolar spaces are more extensive, and more richly supplied with blood vessels; also in the alveolar walls, the blood vessels are seen to be larger and more tortuous, giving to the organ the appearance of the lung of obstructive cardiac diseases. These are the main points of difference between the adult and child lung. Obviously,
High IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells and early sensitization among infants at high risk of atopy
Authors: Julie Rowe, Tricia Heaton, Merci Kusel, Devinda Suriyaarachchi, Michael Serralha, Barbara J Holt, Nick de Klerk, Peter D Sly, Patrick G Holt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Immunotherapy in Bee-Sting Anaphylaxis
Authors: William W. Busse
Journal: JAMA (1975)

After nine months of immunotherapy with commercially prepared wholebody bee extract, a beekeeper's wife experienced anaphylaxis after a controlled bee-sting challenge. High risk of future bee stings prompted a decision to attempt desensitization with honeybee venom. This was extracted from the bee into Coca solution and administered parenterally in increasing daily doses until an equivalent of one venom sac was given per day. This maintenance dosage was continued for a month. Anaphylaxis did not occur after another bee-sting challenge. Therapy has been maintained with venom. With this treatment, there has been an increase in the level of IgG-blocking antibody and a fall in IgE titer to bee venom (radioallergosorbent test [RAST]).
Medullary Cystic Disease vs Nephrophthisis-Reply
Authors: Joseph Giangiacomo
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  We appreciate the comments by Dr Gardner, with regard to the genetics of renal medullary cystic disease.  According to results from the Vital Statistics of the United States 1,2 from 1969 and 1971, mortality for all ages from renal disease was 14th, accounting for 0.4% of all deaths. In adolescents and young adults, mortality from renal disorders was not included in the ten most common causes.  The first two generations, because of the lack of clinical and pathologic information, were not considered to have had medullary cystic disease. In contrast, the early deaths in the third generation, with the history of anemia and short stature, was compatible with nephrophthisis; however, the pathologic material was inadequate to confirm this. Autosomal recessive transmission indeed was not excluded as operative under these circumstances.
Partnerships with African hospitals may improve health
Authors: Caris Grimes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Reduction in mortality from breast cancerDecrease with screening was marked in younger age group Editor-Based on a complicated statistical model, Olsen et al reported that the breast cancer mortality in Copenhagen dropped by 25% for women aged 50-79 when comparing mortality in the screening period (1991-2001) with a pre-screening period (1981-91) and claimed that this decrease was caused by screening. 1According to Statistics Denmark, 217 breast cancer deaths occurred in Copenhagen in the age group 35-54 years in the period 1981-90 and 196 deaths in 1991-2000. 2By comparing these data with those in the article by Olsen et al we calculate that less than 5% of the breast cancer mortality in this age group is caused by tumours diagnosed after age 50 years when women were invited to screening.The number of exposure years increased from about 484 000 to about 538 000.This gives a significant 19% (age adjusted) reduction in breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.No reduction at all occurred in the age group 55-79. 2Our estimates are based on raw and complete data.In contrast, the estimates in the paper by Olsen et al are sensitive to exclusion of data and model choice.In Copenhagen a drop in breast cancer mortality may reflect a higher fertility quotient due to non-Western immigration, fewer nulliparous women, and other non-screening related factors.It is therefore strange that no causal note was made by Olsen et al on the marked decrease in the breast cancer mortality in the age group 35-54 years.
Current operative treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: C L McIntosh, B J Maron
Journal: Circulation (1988)

O perative intervention has been an important part of the therapeutic strategy for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) for the past 30 years. 1-6Cleland,' in 1958, was the first to successfully perform a transaortic myectomy in a patient with the obstructive form of this disease by resecting a small amount of muscle from the thickened upper portion of the ventricular sep- tum.Shortly thereafter, Morrow2 modified and refined the ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy operation,3* which he eventually performed on 350 patients.About the same time, Bigelow et a14 suc- cessfully pioneered the myotomy operation (ventriculomyotomy) that was similar to the myotomy- myectomy except that no muscle was actually removed from the ventricular septum.][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Operative intervention has improved symptoms in many patients with HCM, in whom medical therapy has failed, by virtue of relieving the subaortic pressure gradient and reducing left ventricular pressures.'718The experiences gained from the clinical appraisal of these patients during a long period of time, as well as from technical advances in echocardiographic techniques, have con- siderably enhanced our understanding of the role of operation in HCM and have altered our concepts regarding the intraoperative management of such patients.Because of this evolution in our knowledge, it would appear important at this time to appraise the current status of operation in the treatment strategy of patients with obstructive HCM.Concept of Dynamic Subaortic Obstruction Left ventricular outflow tract gradients and sub- aortic obstruction in HCM are dynamic in nature, that is, they can be reduced or augmented by *Also known as left ventricular myotomy-myectomy, ventric- ulomyectomy, or Morrow procedure.
Cross-Resistance to Purine Analogs in Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: Alan Saven
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 February 1994Cross-Resistance to Purine Analogs in Hairy Cell LeukemiaAlan Saven, MD and Lawrence D. Piro, MDAlan Saven, MDScripps Clinic and Research Foundation; La Jolla, CA 92037Search for more papers by this author and Lawrence D. Piro, MDScripps Clinic and Research Foundation; La Jolla, CA 92037Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The two patients refractory to 2-CdA after not responding to both dCF and fludarabine phosphate appear to show resistance to all three of the newer purine analogs. They represent important sources of insight into the mechanisms of purine nucleoside drug action and resistance. It would be important to know whether the study patients showed sensitivity to interferon-α because of its differing mechanism of action and if they had atypical morphologies or aberrant immunophenotype profiles.The sensitivity of lymphocytes to the action of 2-CdA is determined in part by the ratio of deoxycytidine kinase levels to 5′-nucleotidase. Patients with ...References1. Kawasaki H, Carrera CJ, Piro LD, Saven A, Kipps TJ, Carson DA. Relationship of deoxycytidine kinase and cytoplasmic 5′-nucleotidase to the chemotherapeutic efficacy of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine. Blood. 1993; 81:597-601. Google Scholar2. O'Dwyer PJ, Cheson BD, Leyland-Jones B, King SA, Hoth DF. Deoxycoformycin: an active new drug for indolent lymphomas and hairy cell leukemia. Oncology. 1988; 2:17-22. Google Scholar3. Juliusson G, Elmhorn-Rosenborg A, Liliemark J. Response to 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia resistant to fludarabine. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:1056-61. Google Scholar4. Saven A, Lemon RH, Piro LD. 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine for patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Letter). N Engl J Med. 1993; 328:812-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation; La Jolla, CA 92037 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 247-248KeywordsAdenosineChronic lymphocytic leukemiaDeoxycytidineDrugsEnzymesLymphocytesNucleosidesPhosphatesPurines Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Antiviral effects of autologous CD4 T cells genetically modified with a conditionally replicating lentiviral vector expressing long antisense to HIV
Authors: Pablo Tebas, David Stein, Gwendolyn Binder-Scholl, Rithun Mukherjee, Troy Brady, Tessio Rebello, Laurent Humeau, Michael Kalos, Emmanouil Papasavvas, Luis J. Montaner, Daniel Schullery, Farida Shaheen, Andrea L. Brennan, Zhaohui Zheng, Julio Cotte, Vladimir Slepushkin, Elizabeth Veloso, Adonna Mackley, Wei-Ting Hwang, Faten Aberra, Jenny Zhan, Jean Boyer, Ronald G. Collman, Frederic D. Bushman, Bruce L. Levine, Carl H. June
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prevalence of hepatic iron overload (HIO) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)and B (CHB) and its relationship to liver injury and response to IFN
Authors: LE Adinolfi, G Pasquale, G Mormone, A Tonziello, P Bellopede, M Gambardella, E Ragone, PF Bellomo, A Lettieri, G Ruggiero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Chronic synovitis of the shoulder in familial Mediterranean fever: a disease of symptoms not signs.
Authors: R A Hughes, J T Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Severe shoulder pain in a 41 year old Arab woman persisted for three months despite non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment. Isotope bone scanning and computed tomography showed inflammation of the glenohumeral joint and a large effusion, which needle aspiration had initially failed to reveal. A diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever was made on the basis of a strongly suggestive past personal and family history, sterility of the joint effusion, and a good response to colchicine.
Internal Medicine as a Finely Honed Discipline
Authors: ROBERT E. ECKARDT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1979Internal Medicine as a Finely Honed DisciplineROBERT E. ECKARDT, M.D., PH.D.ROBERT E. ECKARDT, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-5-797_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with great interest Dr. Barondess' article (1) on the training of the internist. I thought it was most lucid and coherent. I also read the numerous comments it provoked (2, 3); most of them missed the whole point of his message. To me, he seems to be saying that the discipline inherent in an inhospital training program for internists prepares them to handle not only the complicated in-bed case but also primary care in the office practice of internal medicine. His point is, I believe, that a disciplined mind is needed to be able to...References1. BARONDESS J. The training of the internist: with some messages from practice. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:412-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Training the internist. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:124-7. Letters. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BATEMANBLOOMBOUFFORD WHJ. Training the internist. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:316. Letter. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT E. ECKARDT, M.D., PH.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1979Volume 91, Issue 5Page: 797-798 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Is Associated With High Serum Levels of Tenascin-X and Decreased Aneurysmal Tissue Tenascin-X
Authors: Manon C. Zweers, Anita C.T.M. Peeters, Sietze Graafsma, Steef Kranendonk, J. Adam van der Vliet, Martin den Heijer, Joost Schalkwijk
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Tenascin-X is a large extracellular matrix protein that is abundantly expressed in several connective tissues. A 140-kDa C-terminal fragment of tenascin-X is present in human serum. Complete deficiency of tenascin-X is associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and these patients show major connective tissue alterations in their skin, as well as blood vessel fragility. In this study, we investigated whether tenascin-X is present in normal human aorta and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) tissues and whether an association exists between serum tenascin-X levels and AAA. Methods and Results— Five normal aortas and 5 AAA tissues were immunostained for tenascin-X and elastin. Tenascin-X was present throughout the entire aorta and was especially abundant near the elastic lamellae, whereas tenascin-X expression was strongly decreased in AAA tissue. Measurement of tenascin-X serum concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 87 AAA patients and 86 controls demonstrated an increasing risk for AAA with increasing tenascin-X serum concentrations. After adjustment for established risk factors, tenascin-X serum concentrations in the highest quartile were associated with a 5-fold increase in risk of AAA (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 13.8). Conclusions— Tenascin-X expression is markedly decreased in AAA tissue, and AAA is associated with high serum concentrations of tenascin-X.
Teaching Quality Improvement
Authors: Paul Batalden, Frank Davidoff
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TREATMENT OF ANTHRAX
Authors: PASCAL F. LUCCHESI
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Although the incidence and fatality of human anthrax has decreased in this country during the past ten years, it still remains one of the chief problems of certain industries. Dr. H. F. Smyth, prominent authority on this subject, expressed the belief that the reduced incidence of anthrax is apparent rather than real, since the last ten years have been years of depression, and consequently there has been a reduced number of employees in the industries which usually account for the cases of human anthrax. Then, too, the information obtained from many states is still incomplete and inadequate. Indeed, the records of one of the states do not distinguish between animal and human anthrax. The fatality rate for this disease is still high, being more than 16 per cent for the five year period 1934-1938, although this was 6 per cent less than the rate in the preceding five year period.