tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bromide-dependent toxicity of eosinophil peroxidase for endothelium and isolated working rat hearts: a model for eosinophilic endocarditis.
Authors: A Slungaard, J R Mahoney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Eosinophilic endocarditis is a potentially lethal complication of chronic peripheral blood hypereosinophilia. We hypothesized that eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), an abundant eosinophil (EO) cationic granule protein, promotes eosinophilic endocarditis by binding to negatively charged endocardium, and there generating cytotoxic oxidants. Using an immunocytochemical technique, we demonstrated endocardial deposition of EPO in the heart of a patient with hypereosinophilic heart disease. Because EPO preferentially oxidizes Br- to hypobromous acid (HOBr) rather than Cl- to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) at physiologic halide concentrations, we characterized the Br(-)-dependent toxicity of both activated EOs and purified human EPO towards several types of endothelial cells and isolated working rat hearts. In RPMI supplemented with 100 microM Br-, phorbol myristate acetate-activated EOs, but not polymorphonuclear leukocytes, caused 1.8-3.6 times as much 51Cr release from four types of endothelial cell monolayers as in RPMI alone. H2O2 and purified human EPO, especially when bound to cell surfaces, mediated extraordinarily potent, completely Br(-)-dependent cytolysis of endothelial cells that was reversed by peroxidase inhibitors, HOBr scavengers, and competitive substrates. We further modeled eosinophilic endocarditis by instilling EPO into the left ventricles of isolated rat hearts, flushing unbound EPO, then perfusing them with a buffer containing 100 microM Br- and 1 microM H2O2. Acute congestive heart failure (evidenced by a precipitous decrement in rate pressure product, stroke volume work, aortic output, and MVO2 to 0-33% of control values) ensued over 20 min, which deletion of EPO, Br-, or H2O2 completely abrogated. These findings raise the possibility that EPO bound to endocardial cells might utilize H2O2 generated either by overlying phagocytes or endogenous cardiac metabolism along with the virtually inexhaustible supply of Br- from flowing blood to fuel HOBr-mediated cell damage. By this mechanism, EPO may play an important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic endocarditis.
Emergency Department Triage Strategies for Acute Chest Pain Using Creatine Kinase–MB and Troponin I Assays: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Carísi A. Polanczyk, Karen M. Kuntz, David B. Sacks, Paula A. Johnson, Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Evaluation of acute chest pain is highly variable. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of strategies using cardiac markers and noninvasive tests for myocardial ischemia. Design: Cost-effectiveness analysis. Data Sources: Prospective data from 1066 patients with chest pain and from the published literature. Target Population: Patients admitted with acute chest pain. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Interventions: Creatine kinase (CK)-MB mass assay alone; CK-MB mass assay followed by cardiac troponin I assay if the CK-MB value is normal; CK-MB mass assay followed by troponin I assay if the CK-MB value is normal and electrocardiography shows ischemic changes; both CK-MB mass and troponin I assays; and troponin I assay alone. These strategies were evaluated alone or in combination with early exercise testing. Outcome Measures: Lifetime cost, life expectancy (in years), and incremental cost-effectiveness. Results of Base-Case Analysis: For patients 55 to 64 years of age, measurement of CK-MB mass followed by exercise testing in appropriate patients was the most competitive strategy ($43 000 per year of life saved). Measurement of CK-MB mass followed by troponin I measurement had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $47 400 per year of life saved for patients 65 to 74 years of age; it was also the most cost-effective strategy when early exercise testing could not be performed, CK-MB values were normal, and ischemic changes were seen on electrocardiography. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Results were influenced by age, probability of myocardial infarction, and medical costs. Conclusions: Measurement of CK-MB mass plus early exercise testing is a cost-effective initial strategy for younger patients and those with a low to moderate probability of myocardial infarction. Troponin I measurement can be a cost-effective second test in higher-risk subsets of patients if the CK-MB level is normal and early exercise testing is not an option.
Requiem for the humanities
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Mary Jane, the medical student on our service, writes good medical histories and always knows the results of the latest laboratory tests. She is pleasant, polite, and works hard; but she has read little outside medicine. She has never heard of Henry James; has no idea who Jane Austen was; has never read Hemingway. She would think that Julius Caesar makes salads or delivers babies, and that Deuteronomy is one of his more complicated obstetric operations. Of the world's capitals she can name only London, Paris, and (surprise!) Brasilia. She has never been to a symphony concert; has never set foot in a museum; and she does not …
Oxidative Stress and Lipid Retention in Vascular Grafts
Authors: Yi Shi, Sachin Patel, Kelly L. Davenpeck, Rodica Niculescu, Evelio Rodriguez, Michael G. Magno, Michael L. Ormont, John D. Mannion, Andrew Zalewski
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Because saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) exhibit greater cellular heterogeneity and worse clinical outcomes than arterial grafts (AGs), we examined oxidative stress and lipid retention in different vascular conduits. Methods and Results —In a porcine model of graft interposition into carotid artery, superoxide anion (·O 2 − ) was measured at 2 weeks after surgery. SVGs demonstrated increased ·O 2 − production compared with AGs (SOD-inhibitable nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, P &lt;0.01). The NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium ( P &lt;0.01) abolished SVG-derived ·O 2 − , whereas the inhibitors of other pro-oxidant enzymes were ineffective. The change in oxidative stress was also reflected by lower activity of the endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase in SVGs than in AGs ( P &lt;0.001). SVG remodeling was associated with increased synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and augmented expression of a core protein, versican. These changes were accompanied by SVGs retaining significantly more 125 I-labeled LDL than AGs ex vivo ( P &lt;0.001). In hyperlipemic animals, lipid accumulation and oxidized epitopes were preferentially noted in the intima of SVGs at 1 month after surgery. Conclusions —This study demonstrated significant differences in the biology of SVGs and AGs. SVGs exhibited higher oxidative stress, LDL accumulation, and the presence of oxidized epitopes. These findings suggest that proatherogenic changes in SVGs may commence early after surgical revascularization.
LEAD POISONING FROM ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER PIPES
Authors: Geo. A. E. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1906)

I [MEIDCL JOURINAL 19 absolutely dark tent, inside of which the observer should be in total darkness for at least ten minutes, so as to allow the retina to accommodate itself to the perception of the shadows cast on the fluorescent screen, which is placed against one side of this tent.This plan has the additional advantage of allow- ing all the inanipulation of the apparatus, etc., to be done in the light.CASE IT.Dr. Dundas Grant brouight this patient, who had a diverticulum in her oesophagus.We observed her swallow bismutlh emulsion by meanis of the screen; most of it went down the oesophagus, buit some of it ran into a small oesophageal poulch s.hown in the slide.It has been suecessfully removed by Dr. Dundas (4rant.CASE III.Another case of Dr. Dundas Grant's showing probing of the frontal sinu-ses fromii the nose.Lateral view and fronit view are shown. CASE IV.Case of MNaster H. Subdiaphragmatie abscess, right side.Screen examination showed right side of diaphragmii immobile on respiration, and builged upwards.Stereoscopically showed a bulging cone in the middle of diaphragm; operationi: ninth rib resected, abscess found and drained.Comiiplete recovery.CASE V. Lord F. shows a shot in orbit after having 'injured eyeball in transit.Eyeball was therefore not enucleated.CASE VI.Half the portal vein injected slhows that vaseularly thle liver is divided into two halves.Mr. James Cantlie held this opinion, and he injected and broulght this specimen, which fully confirms his view. CASE VII.A young girl, aged 16, had congenital dislocation of the hip-
Preformed Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies: the Effects of Class, Titer and Specificity on Liver Vs. Heart Allografts
Authors: Tomoki Furuya, Noriko Murase, Kenjiro Nakamura, Jacky Woo, Satoru Todo, Anthony J. Demetris, Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

The effect on liver and heart allograft survival (ACI rats to Lewis rats) was studied after three methods of recipient presensitization and after different intervals between sensitization and transplantation. With comparable lymphocytotoxic antibody titers, liver allografts always survived longer than heart grafts. The titer, class and specificity of the antibodies varied with the method of sensitization. Four skin grafts produced IgG and IgM lymphocytotoxic antibody titers of 1:2,000 to 4,000. The IgG fraction was shown to have hepatic vascular endothelial specificity by indirect immunofluorescence. These primed recipients hyperacutely rejected both heart and liver allografts, which showed vascular deposition of IgG antibodies. Survival of either kind of graft was inversely proportional to the lymphocytotoxic antibody titer and length of time after placement of the last skin graft. Presensitization with a single heterotopic heart graft produced an even higher mixed IgG and IgM lymphocytotoxic antibody titer of 1:8,000 but with less IgG vascular endothelial specificity. These animals also hyperacutely rejected heart or liver grafts with tissue deposition of IgG but less consistently and with a weaker correlation with lymphocytotoxic antibody titers and time after sensitization. Sensitization with two pretransplant blood transfusions produced the lowest titer (1:500 to 1,000) and the least IgG vascular endothelial specificity. Liver allograft survival was routinely enhanced in these animals, and little effect was seen on heart grafts. Collectively, the experiments showed that the liver is not only resistant to antibody–mediated rejection relative to the heart but is more easily enhanced. A more precise characterization of preformed antibodies may increase the ability to predict the outcome of liver transplantation in sensitized recipients or guide pretransplant strategies to foster enhancing antibodies.
NITROUS OXID AND ITS MODIFICATIONS IN PROLONGED SURGICAL OPERATIONS.
Authors: S. ORMOND GOLDAN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

One year ago I presented in this hall a paper on anesthesia, in which nitrous oxid in a general way was principally discussed. I now wish more particularly to bring to notice the possibilities of this and its modifications in prolonged surgical operations. We may consider nitrous oxid, nitrous oxid and carbon dioxid, nitrous oxid and oxygen. In the early days of nitrous oxid administration, the effects produced by the gas were unsatisfactory, due to impurities, besides a large admixture of air, which produced excitement giving rise to the term "laughing gas." Apparatus with more perfect valve arrangement, by which air was excluded, then came into use, and more perfect anesthesia is attainable. Nitrous oxid has been used in isolated cases, in long operations, but from what we are told in many instances the narcosis was anything but satisfactory, the patient often crying and squirming throughout the entire procedure, though
Transfusion of Neutrophils as Prevention or Treatment of Infection in Patients with Neutropenia
Authors: Dane R. Boggs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

TREATMENT of life-threatening bacterial infections in patients with severe neutropenia is extraordinarily difficult, at least as judged by any degree of long-term success. Although factors other than neutropenia often contribute to the susceptibility of such patients to infection, there is little doubt that neutropenia per se is associated with a marked increase in the frequency and severity of infection.1 Since replacement of platelets by transfusion has proved beneficial in preventing2 and treating3 bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia, it is natural that interest has grown in the possible prevention and treatment of infection in patients with neutropenia by transfusing neutrophils. Although . . .
Peripheral and central hyperexcitability: Differential signs and symptoms in persistent pain
Authors: Terence J. Coderre, Joel Katz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

This target article examines the clinical and experimental evidence for a role of peripheral and central hyperexcitability in persistent pain in four key areas: cutaneous hyperalgesia, referred pain, neuropathic pain, and postoperative pain. Each suggests that persistent pain depends not only on central sensitization, but also on inputs from damaged peripheral tissue. It is instructive to think of central sensitization as comprised of both an initial central sensitization and an ongoing central sensitization driven by inputs from peripheral sources. Each of these factors, initial sensitization, ongoing central sensitization, and inputs from peripheral sources, contributes to the net activity in dorsal horn neurons and thus influences the expression of persistent pain or hyperalgesia. Since each factor, peripheral inputs and central sensitization (initial or ongoing), can contribute to both the initiation and maintenance of persistent pain, therapies should target both peripheral and central sources of pathology.
Liver disease and pulmonary hypertension
Authors: S S SALVI
Journal: Gut (2000)

Editor,—I read with interest the leading article on hepatopulmonary syndromes ((2000) Gut 46:1–4; [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) . The author describes explicitly the various associations between the liver and lung disorders. Several clinical studies and autopsy findings have demonstrated a 20% higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced liver disease and portal hypertension, the histological findings of which show features similar to those seen in pulmonary hypertension from other causes.1 ,2 However, the underlying mechanism(s) responsible for pulmonary hypertension in … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bgastroenterology%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BGastroenterol%26rft.aulast%253DMurata%26rft.auinit1%253DK.%26rft.volume%253D32%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D102%26rft.epage%253D104%26rft.atitle%253DAsymptomatic%2Bprimary%2Bpulmonary%2Bhypertension%2Bassociated%2Bwith%2Bliver%2Bcirrhosis.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1007%252FBF01213304%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9058303%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1007/BF01213304&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=9058303&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F47%2F4%2F595.1.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1997WE03700017&link_type=ISI
DOSE-ESCALATION OF INDIUM-111 PENTETREOTIDE (SOMATOTHER™): TOXICITY AND CLINICAL RESPONSE.
Authors: K. E. McCarthy, L. Lemen, G. Espenan, E. A. Woltering, J. Nelson, M. Cronin, T. Maloney, L. B. Anthony
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Could have been a contender
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Whatever you think of their controversial sport, there’s no denying the bravery and commitment of professional boxers. They and their managers are a wily bunch, too, particularly when selecting opponents. Given the potential risks to life and limb, it pays to pick the right fight at the right time.

This shrewdness is crucial when building a career. The last thing a promising fighter needs is an untimely loss to somebody who is good enough to win but not great enough to provide even the …
A novel germline mutation of PDGFR-β might be associated with clinical response of colorectal cancer to regorafenib
Authors: M. Rechsteiner, P. Wild, M.K. Kiessling, A. Bohnert, Q. Zhong, R.A. Stahel, H. Moch, A. Curioni-Fontecedro
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Waste disposal technologies for polychlorinated biphenyls.
Authors: W T Piver, F T Lindstrom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Improper practices in the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) wastes by land burial, chemical means and incineration distribute these chemicals and related compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) throughout the environment. The complete range of methods for disposal that have been proposed and are in use are examined and analyzed, with emphasis given to the two most commonly used methods: land burial and incineration. The understanding of aquifer contamination caused by migration of PCBs from subsurface burial sites requires a description of the physical, chemical and biological processes governing transport in unsaturated and saturated soils. For this purpose, a model is developed and solved for different soil conditions and external driving functions. The model couples together the fundamental transport phenomena for heat, mass, and moisture flow within the soil. To rehabilitate a contaminated aquifer, contaminated groundwaters are withdrawn through drainage wells, PCBs are extracted with solvents or activated carbon and treated by chemical, photochemical or thermal methods. The chemical and photochemical methods are reviewed, but primary emphasis is devoted to the use of incineration as the preferred method of disposal. After discussing the formation of PCDFs and PCDDs during combustion from chloroaromatic, chloroaliphatic, as well as organic and inorganic chloride precursors, performance characteristics of different thermal destructors are presented and analyzed. To understand how this information can be used, basic design equations are developed from governing heat and mass balances that can be applied to the construction of incinerators capable of more than 99.99% destruction with minimal to nondetectable levels of PCDFs and PCDDs.
REMARKS BY THE CHAIRMAN.
Authors: HAROLD N. MOYER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<i>Gentlemen</i>: The address which I had prepared on the organization of the work of this Section is no longer suitable. I had outlined in that address what I conceived to be the best organization to the end that we should develop our own autonomy to some extent on the lines adopted by the Section on Ophthalmology. But the action of the Association this morning in creating an Executive Committee for the Sections, and giving it power to formulate some general rules for the conduct of the Association in the future, has made my address somewhat inappropriate; therefore, I will not deliver it, but instead will briefly refer to a few points of an historical nature. It was many years since Dr. Ray instituted a section on insanity in the American Medical Association, which was continued for some years and did good work. For some reason that section was finally discontinued
Distributing US Health Aid—Reply
Authors: Colleen Denny
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Screening for ovarian cancer.
Authors: M J Webb
Journal: BMJ (1993)

This will not put urologists out of work; patients with poorly controlled disease will still tax their skills.Identifying and preventing tumour progression remains a problem.With a reduction in the time spent on unnecessary cystoscopies the management of superficial bladder cancer will be better for patients and more rewarding for urologists.One final point.In private medicine a patient with a bladder tumour is considered a good investment who will provide a steady income for several years.Similarly, urological provider units will now gain much of their income from managing superficial bladder tumours.In future, purchasers of health care may well express an interest in how this is done.
Removal of Acute Coronary Thrombus With Fibrinolysin—In Vivo Experiment
Authors: Houck E. Bolton
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE USE of fibrinolytic agents in the treatment of acute coronary thrombosis seems to offer promising results. Various reports have been made that fibrinolysins have been used intravenously with encouraging results for the lysis of thrombi at numerous sites within the vascular system.<sup>1</sup>,<sup>2</sup>,<sup>3</sup>Thrombi have been artificially produced in coronary arteries by various methods and, after their creation, treated with fibrinolytic agents.<sup>4</sup>However, these methods involved considerable dissection of the coronary arteries, with partial ligation of segments of the vessels, and the injection of the thrombus into an isolated segment of a coronary artery, with temporary proximal and distal occlusion of the selected site. Our objective was to place into the coronary arterial system a thrombus of the clotted blood of the animal operated on, and to do so without imposing trauma or other abnormal conditions on the coronary arteries. Accordingly, we believed that the