tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of operating theatres.
Authors: A Barr, R H McNeilly, S Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Adequate operating theatre facilities are essential for the efficient and effective work of any surgical department.National guidelines on the provision of theatres differ substantially from those proposed by the Medical Architectural Research Unit' following a survey of existing provision in acute hospitals in England.Irrespective of which, if either, of the two standards is correct, the present restraint on capital investment in the National Health Service means that any increase in surgical treatment over the next few years will have to be achieved, in most instances, through better use of available resources rather than the construction of new theatres.With this in mind, a survey of main operating theatres, excluding maternity and accident and emergency, was carried out in the Oxford Region to determine their use during daytime weekday hours and the extent to which these facilities met the needs of each health district. MethodDuring the six-week period from 3 November to 12 December 1980 a special record of the use and staffing was compiled for each of the 86 main operating theatres in regular use in 20 acute hospitals in the Oxford Region.Most of these hospitals have general surgery, traumatic and orthopaedic surgery, gynaecology, and ear, nose, and throat surgery.Specialist paediatric surgery, cardiac surgery, surgery associated with renal dialysis and transplantation, surgery in patients with spinal cord injury, and neurosurgery are carried out only at a single hospital centre in the region.For purposes of the study a theatre session was defined as a morning or afternoon period during weekdays.Weekends and nights were excluded.Where two or more separate operating lists occurred in one period the duration of that session was taken as the sum of these.For an all-day session the time was divided equally between the morning and afternoon periods.In addition to the special theatre record, a short questionnaire was sent to each of the 150 consultant surgeons in the Oxford Region.Of these, 148 replied in full while the remaining two responded by letter.A separate reply was requested for each hospital in which the consultant worked so that the 148 surgeons produced 193 replies.Members of the Oxford RHA working party on theatre usage* considered that the duration of the operating session was paramount in reflecting the use of the theatre.While the number and types of operations are interesting, they are less direct measures of theatre occupancy.Thus the analysis, which is reported more fully elsewhere,2 was largely designed to identify the characteristics associated with the duration of the session and, to this end, to identify cross-tabulations between the operating theatre survey and the consultant's questionnaire.
Long-term clinical outcomes of patients with primary chronic immune thrombocytopenia: a Danish population-based cohort study
Authors: Mette Nørgaard, Annette Ø. Jensen, Malene C. Engebjerg, Dóra K. Farkas, Reimar W. Thomsen, Steven Cha, Sean Zhao, Henrik T. Sørensen
Journal: Blood (2011)
Birth Weight, Head Circumference, and Prenatal Exposure to Acrylamide from Maternal Diet: The European Prospective Mother–Child Study (NewGeneris)
Authors: Marie Pedersen, Hans von Stedingk, Maria Botsivali, Silvia Agramunt, Jan Alexander, Gunnar Brunborg, Leda Chatzi, Sarah Fleming, Eleni Fthenou, Berit Granum, Kristine B. Gutzkow, Laura J. Hardie, Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Soterios A. Kyrtopoulos, Michelle A. Mendez, Domenico F. Merlo, Jeanette K. Nielsen, Per Rydberg, Dan Segerbäck, Jordi Sunyer, John Wright, Margareta Törnqvist, Jos C. Kleinjans, Manolis Kogevinas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Acrylamide is a common dietary exposure that crosses the human placenta. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen, and developmental toxicity has been observed in rodents.We examined the associations between prenatal exposure to acrylamide and birth outcomes in a prospective European mother-child study.Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide were measured in cord blood (reflecting cumulated exposure in the last months of pregnancy) from 1,101 singleton pregnant women recruited in Denmark, England, Greece, Norway, and Spain during 2006-2010. Maternal diet was estimated through food-frequency questionnaires.Both acrylamide and glycidamide Hb adducts were associated with a statistically significant reduction in birth weight and head circumference. The estimated difference in birth weight for infants in the highest versus lowest quartile of acrylamide Hb adduct levels after adjusting for gestational age and country was -132 g (95% CI: -207, -56); the corresponding difference for head circumference was -0.33 cm (95% CI: -0.61, -0.06). Findings were similar in infants of nonsmokers, were consistent across countries, and remained after adjustment for factors associated with reduced birth weight. Maternal consumption of foods rich in acrylamide, such as fried potatoes, was associated with cord blood acrylamide adduct levels and with reduced birth weight.Dietary exposure to acrylamide was associated with reduced birth weight and head circumference. Consumption of specific foods during pregnancy was associated with higher acrylamide exposure in utero. If confirmed, these findings suggest that dietary intake of acrylamide should be reduced among pregnant women.
Acute respiratory failure in patients treated for babesiosis.
Authors: M R Boustani, T J Lepore, J A Gelfand, D S Lazarus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Babesiosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease with infrequent clinical complications. We report three cases of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in patients from Nantucket Island, MA, with a history of Lyme disease and review the clinical presentation of babesiosis and its treatment. Respiratory complications in our patients, as well as in the four previously reported cases in the literature, occurred a few days after initiation of medical therapy. We hypothesize that the pathophysiology of the pulmonary edema is multifactorial, due to decreased deformability of the infected erythrocytes, increased cytoadherence of red blood cells in capillaries and venules, and a possible role of excessive production of certain cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1.
Letter by Banker et al Regarding Article, “Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure and a QRS Complex &lt;120 Milliseconds: The Evaluation of Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure (LESSER-EARTH) Trial”
Authors: Jeffrey Banker, Shimon Rosenheck, Israel Gotsman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

We read with interest the article by Thibault et al 1 on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with a narrow QRS and the subsequent editorial by Dr Moss. 2 On the basis of this study, it is suggested that CRT will not achieve a favorable result in patients with a narrow QRS.However, we believe that the Evaluation of Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure (LESSER-EARTH) findings do not completely preclude the role for CRT in this patient population.We agree with Dr Moss that designing a narrow QRS trial in the absence of identifying mechanical dyssynchrony was an issue in the Thibault et al study.However, there is a larger point.The presence of mechanical dyssynchrony alone cannot guarantee response in any CRT population regardless of QRS width.One needs to guide the delivery of CRT therapy, that is, lead placement, in the area of latest activation.When defining responders and nonresponders, we have to realize that the entire science of CRT response is borne out of large CRT trials, all of which offered nonguided CRT therapy.Random delivery of CRT therapy will obviously not always work, especially in specific patient populations traditionally considered nonresponders.Unfortunately, the ongoing Echocardiography Guided Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (EchoCRT) trial investigating patients with narrow QRS with mechanical dyssynchrony may go the way of the LESSER-EARTH trial because it does not guide therapy.The Targeted Left Ventricular Lead Placement to Guide Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (TARGET) trial 3 clearly showed that speckle-tracking-guided CRT therapy significantly improves response rate.Furthermore, recently published work also demonstrated improved response with guided therapy in traditional wide-QRS nonresponders such as patients with right bundle-branch block or intraventricular conduction delay. 4lthough there are those who will argue that left ventricular lead placement may not contribute to response, 5 again these finding are derived from nonguided CRT trials.The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT) authors have well explained the super response of left bundle-branch block patients owing to the presence of a large anatomic sweet spot of potential response.Maybe the left ventricular lead placement would matter in other nonresponder subgroup populations if therapy were guided.Before concluding that patients with narrow QRS or without left bundle-branch block are not candidates for CRT therapy, we need prospective, guided CRT trials.
WOMEN NURSES ON WARDS FOR MEN IN HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE
Authors: Charles R. Bancroft
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1906)

largely clinical and represents a careful study of the various types of insanity.There will be found among the many wards of the hospital the following that are especially noteworthy because they include the ordinary variations of mental disease most frequently met with in any aggregation of the insane: 1.The hospital ward for the reception of recent and acute 1906]
P227Microparticles in systemic circulation of patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: L Malinova, A Mironova, S Portnov, YA Tarakanchikova, A Zakharevich, T Denisova, V Tuchin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

The purpose of the study was to compare quantitative parameters of microparticles (MP) in systemic circulation of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to estimate their clinical implication. Materials and methods: 30 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) 45 … 84 yo were included in the study: unstable angina (UA, n = 12) and myocardial infarction (MI, n = 18). High magnification images of MP were obtained using Mira II LMU scanning electron microscope. Size distribution and zeta potential were measured by means of the Zetasizer Nano ZS Analyser. Results. No differences in blood lipids, creatinine, bilirubin and screening coagulation tests (UA vs MI) were detected. Glucose levels were slightly higher in patients with MI vs UA (5.36±0.2 vs 5.82±0.8mmol/L, p = 0.009). Total protein (64.0 (63.0;66.0) vs 69.0 (66.0;73.0) g/L, p = 0.000) and fibrinogen (2.4 (1.8;2.4) vs 3.0 (2.9;3.9) g/L, p = 0.000) were significantly lower in patients with UA. According to particles' size three pools of MP in systemic circulation of patients with ACS were detected: 1st – 35-70 nm, 2nd – 9-21 nm and 3d – 300 nm and larger. There were no differences in diameter and shape of MP of similar size, of first two "types" of MP in all studied patients (p = 0.777; 0.745). The largest MP more frequently (35% vs 75%) were detected in MI group and were the largest particles detected in systemic circulation in patients with ACS (4312.0 (295.7; 4690.0) nm vs 5068.5 (4607.7; 5174.0) nm, p = 0.017). The peaks intensity differed significantly in patients with UA vs MI: peak 1 – 78.8 (75.6; 84.5) vs 89.8 (82.7; 98.45)%, p = 0.000; peak 2 (17.4 (12.7; 20.6) vs 12.0 (4.2; 15.4)%, p = 0.007). Zeta potential was significantly lower in UA vs MI (-7.8 (-8.5; -6.9) vs -8.8 (-9.6; -8.3) mV, p = 0.009). Both diameter and intensity of peaks 1 had significant negative correlation with age (R = -609, p <0.05), monocyte count (R = -681, p < 0.05). Peak 3 diameter correlated with creatine phosphokinase and troponin concentrations (R = 0.509, p <0.05). Peak 2 intensity positively correlated with platelet count (R = 0.435, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Standard MP analyser is suitable for express estimation of MP secretion in systemic circulation. Tentative results suppose at least three sources of MP production in ACS, nevertheless further investigation of correlation within morphology and origin of MP is necessary. Intensity of MP secretion in systemic circulation was significantly higher in patients with MI, and correlated with important predictors of clinical course in patients with ACS.
Clinical epidemiology of hand eczema in patients accessing dermatological reference centres: results from Italy
Authors: L. Scalone, P.A. Cortesi, L.G. Mantovani, A. Belisari, F. Ayala, A.B. Fortina, D. Bonamonte, G. Borroni, S.P. Cannavò, F. Guarneri, A. Cristaudo, O. De Pità, R. Gallo, G. Girolomoni, M. Gola, P. Lisi, P.D. Pigatto, R. Satta, A. Giannetti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Data on the epidemiological impact and clinical characteristics of chronic hand eczema in Southern Europe are lacking.To estimate the prevalence of chronic hand eczema in its different stages of severity and refractoriness to standard therapy in patients accessing Italian dermatological reference centres, and to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with each stage.A cross-sectional multicentre study was conducted. Adult patients with hand eczema, consecutively accessing 14 centres over a 6-month period, were enrolled. Patients were classified according to disease duration, severity and response to standard therapy with potent topical corticosteroids. Logistical regression was performed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and clinical data with different stages of eczema.The total number of participants was 981. Hand eczema was chronic in 83·5% of patients; 21·3% had severe eczema, with 62·0% of these patients refractory to standard therapy. Food processing and related work, the health professions, craft and related trade works (building, plumbing, electrical), hairdressing/beauty and handicraft work were most frequently associated with chronic hand eczema. Severe chronic hand eczema was more likely to be seen in men, older patients and those with less education. Severe and refractory hand eczema was also more likely among the unemployed and patients with allergic rhinitis and/or atopic dermatitis.Chronic hand eczema is frequent among patients with hand eczema accessing dermatology centres. Many patients were severe and refractory to standard therapy. The appropriate identification of hand eczema is the first step in implementing effective and efficient treatments.
Sequence and exon-intron organization of the DNA encoding the alpha I domain of human spectrin. Application to the study of mutations causing hereditary elliptocytosis.
Authors: K E Sahr, T Tobe, A Scarpa, K Laughinghouse, S L Marchesi, P Agre, A J Linnenbach, V T Marchesi, B G Forget
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We have determined the exon-intron organization and the nucleotide sequence of the exons and their flanking intronic DNA in cloned genomic DNA that encodes the first 526 amino acids of the alpha I domain of the human red cell spectrin polypeptide chain. From the gene sequence we designed oligonucleotide primers to use in the polymerase chain reaction technique to amplify the appropriate exons in DNA from individuals with three variants of hereditary elliptocytosis characterized by the presence of abnormal alpha I spectrin peptides, 46-50 and 65-68 kD in size, in partial tryptic digests of spectrin. The alpha I/68-kD abnormality resulted from a duplication of leucine codon 148 in exon 4: TTG-CTG to TTG-TTG-CTG. The alpha I/50a defect was associated in different individuals with two separate single base changes in exon 6: CTG to CCG (leucine to proline) encoding residue 254, and TCC to CCC (serine to proline) encoding residue 255. In another individual with the alpha I/50a polypeptide defect, the nucleotide sequence encoding amino acid residues 221 through 264 was normal. The alpha I/50b abnormality resulted from a single base change of CAG (glutamine) to CCG (proline) encoding residue 465 in exon 11 in two unrelated individuals. In a third individual with alpha I/50b-kD hereditary elliptocytosis, the entire exon encoding residues 445 through 490 was normal. The relationship of the alpha I domain polypeptide structure to these mutations and the organization of the gene is discussed.
Effect of exercise training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with breast cancer
Authors: Reza Nuri, Arsalan Damirchi, Farhad Rahmani-Nia, Nader Rahnama, Hamid Emami
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Treatments for breast cancer such as adjuvant chemotherapy or hormone therapy can increase bone loss. Direct toxic effects of chemotherapy agents on bone formation cells as well as breast cancer itself may cause reductions of bone mineral density (BMD) in this population. Some studies reported that aerobic and resistance exercise improves bone health in pre- and postmenopausal women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on BMD in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Thirty postmenopausal women with breast cancer (58.27 ± 6.31 years) who received surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and were in current hormone therapy divided into two groups: intervention and control. Subjects of intervention group performed 15 weeks exercise training including walking (2 sessions per week) and resistance training (2 sessions per week different from walking days). Subjects of control group did not participate in any physical activity or exercise training. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), VO 2 peak and lumbar spine and femur bone density was measured in two groups before and after of 15 weeks. Data analysed by using t test and covariance analysis. Results of this study indicated that after 15 weeks, there was significant difference between weight, BMI and VO 2 peak in intervention and control groups (p&lt; 0.05). Body weight and BMI decreased and VO 2 peak increased in intervention group. There was no significant different between two groups in lumbar spine (F= 2.98, p= 0.096) and femur (F= 1.95, p= 0.174) BMD after 15 weeks. Body weight and BMI have protective effects on the BMD and the lower body weight and BMI, the lower BMD. Exercise training reduced body weight and BMI in subjects of this study, thus exercise training had no positive effect on BMD. Subjects in this study were in hormone therapy, and hormone therapy reduces BMD in breast cancer patients. It seems that hormone therapy has side effect on BMD in breast cancer survivor, and exercise training can not inhibit this effect. It can be concluded that the 15 weeks exercise training does no positive effect on BMD in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
Suicides in prison.
Authors: J. B. Ilangaratne
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Preventing children drowning SIR,-Three summers ago our 2 year old son wandered from our garden.He was found in the swimming pool of a neighbouring garden: the pool was unfenced and had a non-weightsbearing cover.Resuscitation was not successful.We know of three families within 16 km who have suffered similar tragedies: as Alison Kemp and J R Sibert point out, drowning is a common cause of acci- dental death in children.'In our society, where there is increased emphasis on out ofdoors activities, the incidence ofdrowning in children will surely increase unless effective preventive measures are taken.We have written on this matter to our member of parliament without success.We support Kemp and Sibert's recom- mendations that domestic pools should have toddler proof fences with self locking doors and covers that can bear the weight of a child.People may argue that this interferes with personal liberty: the same was said about seat belt legislation.The children whose lives are at risk are too young to appreciate such abstract arguments.
Differential cyclin E expression in human in-stent stenosis smooth muscle cells identifies targets for selective anti-restenosis therapy
Authors: Michael O'Sullivan, Stephen D Scott, Nicola McCarthy, Nicola Figg, Leonard M Shapiro, Peter Kirkpatrick, Martin R Bennett
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Cell cycle inhibitors are promising agents to prevent or treat human coronary in-stent stenosis (ISS). However, their lack of specificity for ISS vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may inhibit medial VSMC proliferation and suppress vessel healing.To identify inhibitor targets that differentially regulate proliferation of ISS vs. medial VSMCs, we examined cell cycle regulation in human VSMCs derived from (A) normal media, (B) ISS sites and (C) primary atherosclerotic plaques (P-VSMCs) using time-lapse videomicroscopy, flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.ISS-VSMC proliferation was intermediate between P-VSMCs and medial VSMCs. Compared with medial cells, P-VSMCs expressed increased p16 and p21, reduced p27, reduced cyclins D(1) and E, and reduced pRb phosphorylation. In contrast, ISS-VSMCs expressed high levels of cyclins E and A with pRb hyperphosphorylation, both in vitro and in vivo, associated with increased and chronic cell proliferation in vivo. Roscovitine, a selective CDK2 inhibitor, inhibited VSMC proliferation by both pRb-dependent and independent pathways and more potently in ISS-VSMCs than medial VSMCs.Human ISS-VSMCs have marked differences in the stable expression of multiple cell cycle regulators, suggesting that ISS-VSMCs derive from P-VSMCs driven to proliferate through cyclin E overexpression. The critical role for cyclin E-CDK2 enables the identification of the first agent that selectively inhibits ISS-VSMC proliferation.
Visual copresence and conversational coordination
Authors: Susan R. Fussell, Robert E. Kraut
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Pickering &amp; Garrod's (P&amp;G's) theory of dialogue production cannot completely explain recent data showing that when interactants in referential communication tasks have different views of a physical space, they accommodate their language to their partner's view rather than mimicking their partner's expressions. Instead, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that interactants are taking the perspective of their conversational partners.