tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Peripheral Chemosensitivity and Acute Respiratory Failure in Arnold-Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia
Authors: George E. Bokinsky, Leonard D. Hudson, John V. Weil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

THE mechanism of alveolar hypoventilation complicating diseases of the central nervous system has generally been undefined or attributed to dysfunction of the medullary respiratory center.Studies of a patient with syringomyelia and Arnold-Chiari malformation, in whom an episode of nonprogressive pneumonia precipitated respiratory failure despite adequate ventilatory capacity, indicated that this complication was probably attributable to a total absence of hypoxic ventilatory drive due to cranial-nerve dysfunction that interrupted peripheral chemoreceptor afferents.Case ReportAn 18-year-old man with the diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari malformation and syringomyelia treated in 1970 with subtotal craniectomy and spinopleural shunt was admitted to Colorado General Hospital . . .
Decreased Sodium and Increased Transient Outward Potassium Currents in Iron-Loaded Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Yuri A. Kuryshev, Gary M. Brittenham, Hisashi Fujioka, Perry Kannan, Char-Chang Shieh, Sidney A. Cohen, Arthur M. Brown
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Patients with chronic iron overload may develop a cardiomyopathy manifested by ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure. We hypothesized that iron-loaded cardiomyocytes may have abnormal excitability. Methods and Results —We examined a new model of human iron overload, the Mongolian gerbil given repeated injections of iron dextran. In ventricular myocytes, we measured iron concentration and distribution, action potential, sodium and potassium currents, and sodium channel protein. We showed for the first time that (1) the iron content of gerbil ventricular cardiomyocytes was increased to amounts similar to those of patients with iron-induced cardiomyopathy; (2) the overshoot and duration of the cardiac action potential decreased; (3) sodium current was reduced, steady-state inactivation was enhanced, and single-channel currents were unchanged; and (4) transient outward potassium current was increased, but inwardly rectifying potassium current was unchanged. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes incubated with iron for 1 to 3 days showed similar changes, and levels of cardiac sodium channel proteins were unchanged. Conclusions —Abnormal excitability and heterogeneous cardiac iron deposition may cause the arrhythmogenesis of human siderotic heart disease.
Planned changes in law on embryo research will hit researchers
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A shake-up of the UK law on assisted reproduction and embryo research will ban the creation of hybrid or chimera embryos—those containing material from humans and other animals—but will leave open the possibility in the future of using such embryos for research. 

The ban will be included in a draft bill planned by the government, which will also contain a power for regulations to be made outlining the circumstances in which such embryos could be used for research in the future. 

The decision, spelt out in a white paper from the Department of Health outlining the wide ranging reforms, is a blow to researchers who have …
THE RÔLE OF X-RAY IN THE STUDY OF LOCAL ATROPHIC LESIONS OF THE BRAIN
Authors: ARTHUR E. CHILDE, WILDER PENFIELD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

Unilateral atrophic cerebral lesions occurring early in life frequently produce cranial asymmetry that may easily be detected in plain skull radiographs; This asymmetry consists in ipsilateral decrease in size of the cranial chamber and often increased size of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid air cells. Such examinations should never be omitted in the study of the epileptic patient. In many cases of posttraumatic epilepsy ordinary skull radiographs reveal no localizing information but tears and deficiencies of the dura tend to produce characteristic changes and occasionally point out the exact site of a previous skull injury. Carefully performed encephalography should be undertaken in almost all cases in which focal cerebral atrophy is suspected. The general region where the epileptogenic lesion will be found is frequently shown by this method. Occasionally a focal atrophic lesion may be present although encephalography is negative. This is rare and usually a normal encephalogram is a strong contraindication to craniotomy unless the other evidence available is very convincing. The exact site of a focal epileptic lesion can usually not be determined by radiographic examinations alone, although the general region can be ascertained in most instances. Careful correlation of the clinical, electrographic and radiographic findings is essential. Cerebral arteriography is occasionally a helpful procedure in the diagnosis of focal epilepsy, particularly when aneurism or hemangioma is suspected.
Helicobacter pylori and Ulcer in Patients Taking NSAIDs
Authors: Charles Berkelhammer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recently published NIH Consensus Conference on<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>in Peptic Ulcer Disease<sup>1</sup>asserts that all peptic ulcers associated with<i>H pylori</i>should be treated with an antimicrobial regimen even if the peptic ulcer was associated with the ingestion of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Specifically, it states, "All patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers who are infected with<i>H pylori</i>should be treated with antimicrobials.... The presence of NSAIDs, including aspirin, as a contributing factor should not alter the antimicrobial regimen, but these drugs should be discontinued whenever possible." It concludes, "Ulcer patients with<i>H pylori</i>infection require treatment with antimicrobial agents." However, I feel that at this time antimicrobial therapy is best considered elective in those<i>H pylori</i>—positive patients who present with their first peptic ulcer while receiving NSAIDs. NSAID-induced ulcers are common. Whether<i>H pylori</i>infection affects the risk for NSAID-induced
Evolution and Discontinuous Distribution of Rex3 Retrotransposons in Fish
Authors: Jean-Nicolas Volff, Cornelia Körting, Axel Meyer, Manfred Schartl
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The fish non–long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon Rex3 has recently been isolated from the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus (Volff et al. 1999). Complete versions of Rex3 encode a reverse transcriptase (RT) and an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (fig. 1). Rex3 belongs to the RTE family of non-LTR retrotransposons (Malik and Eickbush 1998; Volff et al. 1999). From all autonomous fish retrotransposons reported to date, Rex3 has the widest distribution observed in teleosts and is present in fish species having diverged 150–200 MYA. We report here a large PCRand Southern blot–based survey of Rex3 evolution including 21 representative teleost species (fig. 1) and 115 Rex3 partial reverse transcriptase sequences (fig. 2). The species chosen include a panel of economically important fishes (salmon Salmo salar, trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, carp Cyprinus carpio, sturgeon Acipenser sturio, mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi) and several small aquarium teleosts used as models for developmental biology, cancer research and evolutionary studies (zebrafish Danio rerio, medakafish Oryzias latipes, platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus, and other Poeciliidae), as well as the genome project fish, the Japanese pufferfish Fugu rubripes. Rex3 partial RT-encoding sequences could be amplified by PCR from the majority of fish species with at least one of the nine primer combinations tested, but not from the more divergent nonteleost Acipenser sturio (sturgeon) and not from both salmonid species tested (O. mykiss and S. salar) (fig. 1). Using cloned Rex3 probes from X. maculatus and from Anguilla anguilla (European eel) in Southern blot experiments, no specific signal could be detected in A. sturio, O. mykiss, and S. salar even under low-stringency conditions (not shown), confirming the PCR analysis results. According to classical morphological and molecular fish phylogenies (fig. 1; Nelson 1994; Forey et al. 1996; Orti and Meyer 1996), the distribution of Rex3 in teleosts is discontinuous. Hence, Rex3 was lost (or, alternatively, diverged extremely rapidly) in the Oncorhynchus/Salmo lineage after its divergence from the Esox lineage. There are about 1,000 Rex3 copies in the haploid genome of Xiphophorus species (Volff et al. 1999). All other Poeciliidae species included in this study and the related Fundulus displayed a high level of Rex3 reiteration as well (data not shown). Rex3 is present in high copy numbers in the genomes of O. latipes, Oreochrom-
New Treatments for Exercise-Induced Asthma
Authors: John Hansen-Flaschen, Helena Schotland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Not long ago, many physicians thought exercise-induced asthma was a variant form of the disease. Now it is apparent that nearly all people with asthma have respiratory symptoms at least occasionally when exercising vigorously in cold, dry air.1 Although thoroughly described and highly preventable, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (the currently preferred term) is still underrecognized by patients and clinicians.2 More than a few elite athletes have endured chest symptoms during competition for months or years before their asthma was diagnosed and effectively managed.3 The number of children and adults who shy away from participating in active sports or recreation because of unrecognized . . .
RNASET2-deficient cystic leukoencephalopathy resembles congenital cytomegalovirus brain infection
Authors: Marco Henneke, Simone Diekmann, Andreas Ohlenbusch, Jens Kaiser, Volkher Engelbrecht, Alfried Kohlschütter, Ralph Krätzner, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Michèle Mayer, Lennart Opitz, Diana Rodriguez, Franz Rüschendorf, Johannes Schumacher, Holger Thiele, Sven Thoms, Robert Steinfeld, Peter Nürnberg, Jutta Gärtner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Lymphoepithelioma-like Thymic Carcinoma: Another Tumor Related to Epstein-Barr Virus?
Authors: Juan Rosai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The key role of the thymus gland in the establishment and maintenance of cell-mediated immune responses has been known since the pioneering work of Martinez et al.1 and Miller2 in the early 1960s. This function is carried out through a close interaction between bone marrow–derived lymphoid cells and endodermally derived epithelial cells — a feature that was already apparent to anatomists on purely morphologic grounds and that had led to the designation of the thymus as a "lymphoepithelial" organ and to the interplay of its two main cell constituents as "lymphoepithelial symbiosis." A morphologic analogy along these lines can be . . .
Weaver's Bottom
Authors: Philip R. Trommer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  I would like to add that on rectal examination, a spasm of the pyriformis muscle should be considered in differential diagnosis. Anatomically, there is a very close relation with the sciatic nerve.  In women, the differential diagnosis is often given away by periodic and episodic painful experiences on intercourse; this pain can be reproduced by manual vaginal examination.
Response Rates and Nonresponse Errors in Surveys
Authors: Timothy P. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Disuse Phenomenon of Lower Extremity
Authors: Jacques Trudel, Victor G. deWolfe, Jess R. Young, Fay A. LeFevre
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The disuse phenomenon of the leg is a common, frequently misdiagnosed condition characterized by pain, tenderness, limitation of motion, and limping after some insult or injury to the extremity. It is the result of failure of the patient to become rehabilitated normally. The syndrome develops in poorly motivated individuals who are fearful and have low pain thresholds. Often the fears are iatrogenic in origin because of the prescription of unusually prolonged bed rest or inactivity. It usually is curable.
TCF7L2 POLYMORPHISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED INTRA-HOSPITAL MORTALITY FOLLOWING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Filipe Azevedo Moura, Riobaldo Cintra, Luiz Sérgio Carvalho, Mauricio Gomes, Jose Quinaglia e Silva, Andrei Sposito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Medical Revolution in Minnesota: A History of the University of Minnesota Medical School-Reply
Authors: Ronald L. Numbers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The fact that Mr Wilson's own careful reading of his book turned up only a half dozen or so brief references to students in 600 pages simply underscores my point that "we learn virtually nothing about the many students who trained at Minnesota." I suspect, for example, that there is more to the record of women and minorities at Minnesota than appears in the two sentences Mr Wilson devotes to the subject: "A great source of strength to the Minnesota medical school has been its openness to students of both sexes and all races. From the beginning Minnesota admitted women to the study of medicine, and it did not exclude any ethnic group" (page 565). Regarding the provincialism of his study, Mr Wilson has attacked a straw man. I wrote that "Wilson shies away from placing the Minnesota story either in historical or historiographical context.<i>Except when discussing</i>
Nitric oxide and murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis: Aggravation of myocarditis by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Yuji Hiraoka, Chiharu Kishimoto, Hitoshi Takada, Michiyo Nakamura, Masahiko Kurokawa, Hiroshi Ochiai, Kimiyasu Shiraki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Modification of Choreiform Activity by Haloperidol
Authors: George J. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reducing cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: something borrowed, something new
Authors: L. Darryl Quarles
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Clinical vignette: A 48-year-old man with chronic kidney disease stage five due to type II diabetes mellitus and hypertension was referred for hemodialysis initiation. His physical exam showed a blood pressure of 150/80, normal fundi, a positive fourth heart sound (S4), and trace pedal edema. Moderate aortic calcification was present on prior chest X-ray. The ECG showed left ventricle hypertrophy by voltage and slight prolongation of the QT interval. Medications included chlorthalidone, amlodipine, carvedilol, cholecalciferol, erythropoietin, and a phosphate binder. What additional therapy should be initiated to reduce vascular calcifications and cardiovascular mortality?
Continuous Measurements of Left Ventricular Dimensions in Intact, Unanesthetized Dogs
Authors: ROBERT F. RUSHMER, DEAN K. CRYSTAL, CLYDE WAGNER, RlCHARD M. ELLIS, ALDEN A. NASH
Journal: Circulation Research (1954)

Left ventricular dimensions have been directly measured for extended periods of time in intact unanesthetized dogs under various conditions. The diameter of the left ventricle during diastole is very large in relation to the change in diameter during each cycle. Thus, considerable quantities of blood remain within the chamber at the end of systolic ejection. The stroke output can be increased by either more complete systolic ejection during exercise or by greater diastolic filling during a startle reaction. Accelerated heart rate occurs in both cases. Changes in left ventricular diameter occur very rapidly, often being manifest within the duration of a single cardiac cycle. Mechanisms by which changes in ventricular size can be directly affected by neural and hormonal influences are briefly considered.
Copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity is prevalent and a late event in the pathogenesis of FLT3/ITD AML
Authors: D L Stirewalt, E L Pogosova-Agadjanyan, K Tsuchiya, J Joaquin, S Meshinchi
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Patients with high FLT3 internal tandem duplication allelic ratios (FLT3/ITD-ARs) have a poor prognosis. Single-nucleotide polymorphism/comparative genomic hybridization, single-cell PCR and colony-forming assays were used to evaluate genotypic evolution of high FLT3/ITD-ARs in 85 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Microarrays were used to examine molecular pathways disrupted in leukemic blasts with high FLT3/ITD-ARs. Copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) was identified at the FLT3 locus in diagnostic samples with high FLT3/ITD-ARs (N=11), but not in samples with low FLT3/ITD-ARs (N=24), FLT3-activating loop mutations (N=11) or wild-type FLT3 (N=39). Single-cell assays showed that homozygous FLT3/ITD genotype was present in subsets of leukemic blasts at diagnosis but became the dominant clone at relapse. Less differentiated CD34(+)/CD33(-) progenitor colonies were heterozygous for FLT3/ITD, whereas more differentiated CD34(+)/CD33(+) progenitor colonies were homozygous for FLT3/ITD. Expression profiling revealed that samples harboring high FLT3/ITD-ARs aberrantly expressed genes within the recombination/DNA repair pathway. Thus, the development of CN-LOH at the FLT3 locus, which results in high FLT3/ITD-ARs, likely represents a late genomic event that occurs after the acquisition of the FLT3/ITD. Although the etiology underlying the development of CN-LOH remains to be clarified, the disruption in recombination/DNA repair pathway, which is present before the development of LOH, may have a role.
Oxford professor faces investigation over rejection of Israeli student
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The University of Oxford is carrying out an investigation after a professor of pathology was accused of rejecting a student because he had been an Israeli soldier.

Andrew Wilkie, Nuffield professor of clinical pathology at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, and a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, criticised Israeli policy in a rejection letter emailed to Amit Duvshani, a student at Tel Aviv University, who had applied to work at his laboratory towards obtaining a PhD.

The letter from Professor Wilkie said: “Thank you for contacting me, but I don't think this would work. I have a huge problem with the way that the Israelis …
Clinical epidemiology, not seroepidemiology, is the answer to Africa's AIDS problem.
Authors: F I Konotey-Ahulu
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The shortcomings of the "seroepidemiology" approach as opposed to the traditional "clinical epidemiology" approach in answer to Africa's acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) problem, are discussed. Investigators with a knowledge of tropical medicine have observe that recurrent malaria and other infectious diseases are associated with excessively high rates of false-positivity with H9/HTV-III, enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), leading to a dichotomy between seroepidemiology and clinical epidemiology in tropical Africa. In addition, patients with alcoholic liver disease have a high incidence of false positive results on tests for HTLV-III antibodies, while acute malaria infections have produced false positivity even with the Western blot. When the conclusions of clinical epidemiology differ from those of seroepidemiology, clinicians should always believe the former. Serological work should be limited to assessing the specificity and sensitivity of the various kits under African conditions, screening all blood before transfusion, and serving as a back up procedure when clinical features are not clear cut. In his Krobo tribe, in southeastern Ghana, Dr. Konotey-Ahulu suggests that the bulk of any available funds should be resourcefully utilized in answering the questions: how, when, who, which, why and where?
Ethical Issues Raised by Research Involving Xenografts
Authors: Arthur L. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The 1984 implantation of a baboon heart into Baby Fae, a newborn with a fatal heart defect, has created an enormous controversy over the use of xenografts. There is a serious shortage of human kidneys, hearts, and livers available for transplantation, and the prevailing system for procuring organs through voluntary donation is not efficient. In the few clinical trials of xenografts in which primate kidneys or hearts have been implanted in humans, the grafts failed within three weeks; both animal and clinical trials are still in a highly experimental state. Because of the organ shortage and lack of alternatives for persons with life-threatening organ failure, the author believes that research involving xenografts in human subjects should not be prohibited but should be regulated and conducted under strict ethical protocols. The author briefly discusses the morality of killing animals to obtain their organs.
Pneumoperitoneum and Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: T. James Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The article by Stringfield et al (235:744, 1976) points out the difficulty of the differential diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum in a patient requiring ventilatory support and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). All three cases demonstrated the pulmonary barotrauma (pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema) common after controlled ventilation with PEEP. Since pneumoperitoneum is also a sequela, its appearance soon after one of the aforementioned complications makes it extremely likely that it is a result of pulmonary barotrauma rather than ruptured viscus. We have seen this on three occasions recently in our own institution, all initially due to pulmonary causes.  In addition, these problems are more likely with controlled ventilation than with intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV). In fact, using the combination of low IMV rate or CPAP, our incidence of pulmonary barotrauma is no higher on PEEP greater than 20 mm Hg than when it is less than 20 mm Hg.