tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Receptor Status Could Modulate the Genomic Pattern in Familial and Sporadic Breast Cancer
Authors: Lorenzo Melchor, Emiliano Honrado, Jia Huang, Sara Álvarez, Tara L. Naylor, María J. García, Ana Osorio, David Blesa, Michael R. Stratton, Barbara L. Weber, Juan C. Cigudosa, Nazneen Rahman, Katherine L. Nathanson, Javier Benítez
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Familial breast cancer represents 5% to 10% of all breast tumors. Mutations in the two known major breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for a minority of familial breast cancer, whereas families without mutations in these genes (BRCAX group) account for 70% of familial breast cancer cases. Experimental Design: To better characterize and define the genomic differences between the three classes of familial tumors and sporadic malignancies, we have analyzed 19 BRCA1, 24 BRCA2, and 31 BRCAX samples from familial breast cancer patients and 19 sporadic breast tumors using a 1-Mb resolution bacterial artificial chromosome array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Results: We found that BRCA1/2 tumors showed a higher genomic instability than BRCAX and sporadic cancers. There were common genomic alterations present in all breast cancer groups, such as gains of 1q and 16p or losses of 8ptel-p12 and 16q. We found that the presence/absence of the estrogen receptor (ER) may play a crucial role in driving tumor development through distinct genomic pathways independently of the tumor type (sporadic or familial) and mutation status (BRCA1 or BRCA2). ER− tumors presented higher genomic instability and different altered regions than ER+ ones. Conclusions: According to our results, the BRCA gene mutation status (mainly BRCA1) would contribute to the genomic profile of abnormalities by increasing or modulating the genome instability.
The isolation and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells using membrane filtration
Authors: Cheng-Han Wu, Fa-Kung Lee, S. Suresh Kumar, Qing-Dong Ling, Yung Chang, Yu Chang, Han-Chow Wang, Hui Chen, Da-Chung Chen, Shih-Tien Hsu, Akon Higuchi
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Lymph node–resident lymphatic endothelial cells mediate peripheral tolerance via Aire-independent direct antigen presentation
Authors: Jarish N. Cohen, Cynthia J. Guidi, Eric F. Tewalt, Hui Qiao, Sherin J. Rouhani, Alanna Ruddell, Andrew G. Farr, Kenneth S. Tung, Victor H. Engelhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Peripheral immune tolerance is generally thought to result from cross-presentation of tissue-derived proteins by quiescent tissue-resident dendritic cells to self-reactive T cells that have escaped thymic negative selection, leading to anergy or deletion. Recently, we and others have implicated the lymph node (LN) stroma in mediating CD8 T cell peripheral tolerance. We demonstrate that LN-resident lymphatic endothelial cells express multiple peripheral tissue antigens (PTAs) independent of the autoimmune regulator (Aire). They directly present an epitope derived from one of these, the melanocyte-specific protein tyrosinase, to tyrosinase-specific CD8 T cells, leading to their deletion. We also show that other LN stromal subpopulations express distinct PTAs by mechanisms that vary in their Aire dependence. These results establish lymphatic endothelial cells, and potentially other LN-resident cells, as systemic mediators of peripheral immune tolerance.
Assessment of Aortic Line of Elasticity Using Polynomial Regression Analysis
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis, John Dernellis, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Leonidas Diamantopoulos, Andreas Michaelides, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The aim of this study was to assess the sigmoid line of elasticity in the human aorta.The pressure-diameter relation was measured in the descending aorta in 120 subjects. In an additional group of 6 subjects, transient vena caval occlusion produced 5 sets of pressure-diameter data. We found that the best fit curve of the pooled pressure-diameter data was a third-order polynomial. A polynomial equation was used to calculate the sigmoid line of elasticity in the entire population and after the administration of diltiazem (15 patients) or enalaprilat (10 patients). The sigmoid line of elasticity was significantly different with respect to age (P<0.001), history of hypertension (P<0.004), and hypercholesterolemia (P<0.02). The difference between the transition point and the peak systolic pressure was increased in normal subjects compared with patients (P<0.0001). The sigmoid line shifted leftward and upward with diltiazem, but it remained unchanged with enalaprilat. During an average of 3 years of follow-up, 19 of 88 patients developed stroke (n=4), unstable angina (n=8), acute myocardial infarction (n=4), or acute pulmonary edema (n=3).This approach provides a quantitative evaluation of the aortic line of elasticity, which can differentiate the intrinsic from the extrinsic aortic elastic properties. Furthermore, it is a powerful and independent risk factor for cardiovascular events.
STAINING FOR THE SPIROCHAETA PALLIDA IN SMEAR PREPARATIONS
Authors: LEON S. MEDALIA
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The difficulties encountered in making a diagnosis of a suspected primary lesion are well known. The use of a dark ground illuminator is sufficient evidence that the proper staining of the<i>Spirochaeta pallida</i>by the various methods described in standard books on pathologic technic is not an easy task. Thus, Mallory and Wright<sup>1</sup>give not less than four methods of staining, besides Burri's india ink method. Every one of the methods referred to is fairly difficult, making it impossible for men with no special laboratory training to obtain proper results. In fact, in this laboratory, employing Wright's method as described by Mallory and Wright, we have tried time and again to stain smears of cases in which numerous spirochetes were found with the dark ground illuminator, but with no success. Of course, that does not condemn the method; but it at least shows that it does not work in
Four and a half LIM protein 1: a partner for KCNA5 in human atrium
Authors: Z. Yang, C. F. Browning, H. Hallaq, L. Yermalitskaya, J. Esker, M. R. Hall, A. J. Link, A.-J. L. Ham, M. J. McGrath, C. A. Mitchell, K. T. Murray
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Protein-protein interactions are critical for the normal membrane trafficking, localization, and function of voltage-gated ion channels. In human heart, the Shaker-related voltage-gated K(+) channel KCNA5 alpha-subunit forms the major basis of an atrial-specific, ultra-rapid delayed rectifier K(+) current, I(Kur). We sought to identify proteins that interact with KCNA5 in human atrium and investigate their role in the I(Kur) complex.Using a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-KCNA5 C-terminal fusion protein and mass spectrometry-based methods, the scaffolding protein four and a half LIM (for Lin-11, Isl-1, and Mec3) protein 1 (FHL1) was identified as a potential protein partner for KCNA5. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed a physical interaction of FHL1 with the K(+) channel complex in human atrium, as well as in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with both KCNA5 and FHL1. In cotransfected cells, confocal microscopy demonstrated areas of colocalization after immunolabelling both proteins. To investigate the functional effects of this interaction, K(+) currents were recorded in CHO cells transfected with KCNA5 in the absence and presence of FHL1 coexpression. With coexpression of FHL1, K(+) current density was markedly increased, compared with cells expressing KCNA5 alone. This effect was associated with a shift in the voltage dependence of K(+) channel activation to more positive potentials, consistent with findings of I(Kur) in atrial myocytes. FHL1 also increased the extent and speed of K(+) current slow inactivation, with additional effects on the voltage dependence and recovery of this process.These results support a role of FHL1 as a key molecular component in the I(Kur) complex in human atrium, where it likely regulates functional expression of KCNA5.
Effect of a general practitioner's consulting style on patients' satisfaction: a controlled study.
Authors: R Savage, D Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the effect of directing and sharing styles of consultation by a general practitioner on patients9 satisfaction with the consultation. DESIGN--Patients were randomised to receive a directing or sharing style in the part of the consultation concerned with giving treatment, advice, and prognosis. SETTING--An inner London general practice. PATIENTS--359 Randomly selected patients consulting with one general practitioner. Four patients refused to participate and five were excluded. Thirty failed to complete the initial assessment and 110 failed to complete the assessment a week later, giving response rates of 89% and 58% respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patients9 satisfaction with the general practitioner9s perceived understanding of their problem and the explanation they received and whether they felt that they had been helped immediately after the consultation and one week later. RESULTS--Patients who had the directing style of consultation reported significantly higher levels of satisfaction on almost all the outcome measures. This was particularly striking for patients with physical problems (excellent explanation 23/68 (34%) v 10/65 (15%), p less than 0.02; excellent understanding 25/68 (37%) v 9/66 (14%), p = 0.004), and for patients who received a prescription (excellent explanation 20/60 (33%) v 9/59 (15%), p less than 0.04; excellent understanding 27/60 (45%) v 10/59 (17%), p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in the responses to the directing and sharing styles in longer consultations (8/31 (26%) v 8/31 (26%)), in which the main treatment was advice (10/30 (33%) v 7/36 (19%)), and among patients with psychological (6/17 (35%) v 6/27 (22%)) or chronic problems (14/28 (50%) v 8/32 (25%)). CONCLUSIONS--Style of consultation does influence the satisfaction of the patient, but its effect is most noticeable in consultations with patients with physical problems and patients who receive a prescription.
Basophil Reactivity, IgE and IgG4 Among Subjects with Various Levels of Milk Tolerance
Authors: L.S. Ford, K.A. Bloom, A.H. Nowak-Wegrzyn, A.Z. Chase, E.H. Hertzberg, R. Bencharitiwong, W.G. Shreffler, H.A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
* Is there a role for faecal elastase-1 in patients referred to a luminal gastroenterology service?
Authors: J. S. Leeds, I. Aziz, R. Sidhu, A. D. Hopper, K. E. Evans, S. Morley, D. S. Sanders
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Pancreatic disease can be subtle particularly in the early stages and therefore may be missed. Symptoms of pancreatic disease are not specific and therefore patients may present to gastrointestinal (GI) services but be incorrectly diagnosed with an alternative disorder. The authors analysed a large cohort of patients referred to our unit for investigation of GI symptoms to try to identify predictors of pancreatic disease and the utility of faecal elastase-1 (Fel-1) as a marker of pancreatic disease. <h3>Methods</h3> A database of patients referred to our unit between January 2005 to June 2009 for investigation of GI symptoms was examined. This database included demographics, reason for referral, bowel frequency, Fel-1 level, abdominal imaging findings and final diagnosis. Fel-1 was considered abnormal below 200 μg/g stool. Using this cut off univariate analysis was performed to identify potential predictors of pancreatic disease. Variables with a p value &lt;0.1 were entered into a logistic regression. <h3>Results</h3> 621 patients (mean age 48.1, 224 males) were analysed. The majority had been referred for abdominal pain (n=125), diarrhoea (n=426) or weight loss (n=46). The prevalence of abnormal Fel-1 was 55/621 (8.9%, 6.7–11.4). The prevalence of a low faecal elastase-1 in patients with abdominal pain was 7/125 (5.6%), diarrhoea 36/426 (8.5%) and weight loss 4/46 (13.0%). The prevalence of abnormal pancreatic imaging was 12/55 (21.8%, 11.8–35.0). Univariate analysis showed Fel-1&lt;200 to be associated with male gender (OR 1.4), age &gt;50 (OR 2.4) and diabetes (OR 4.6). On multivariate analysis only age and diabetes were independent risk factors. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for Fel-1&lt;200 was 100%, 92.9%, 21% and 100% respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that Fel-1&lt;200 had an area under the curve of 0.97 (0.95–0.99, p=0.008). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Exocrine pancreatic disease is a common problem in patients referred to GI services and is associated with increasing age and the presence of diabetes. Fel-1 accurately identifies those patients with underlying pancreatic disease. The authors would suggest that Fel-1 should be performed routinely in patients presenting to a general luminal gastroenterology service with symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhoea and particularly weight loss.
Roles of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐<i>κ</i>B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Toshiyuki Nagasawa, Makoto Kiji, Reiko Yashiro, Doosadee Hormdee, He Lu, Melanie Kunze, Tomonari Suda, Geena Koshy, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Shigeru Oda, Hiroshi Nitta, Isao Ishikawa
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2007)
Prostanoids But Not Oral Therapies Improve Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Evan L. Brittain, Meredith E. Pugh, Lisa A. Wheeler, Ivan M. Robbins, James E. Loyd, John H. Newman, Eric D. Austin, Anna R. Hemnes
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)

This study hypothesized that right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) and pulmonary capacitance (PC) would increase after treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and that prostanoids would have a stronger effect than oral therapy. Right ventricular (RV) function is a major determinant of outcome in patients with PAH. Little is known about the response of RV function or its hemodynamic determinants to PAH-specific therapy. We reviewed hemodynamic and health data on 58 patients from an institutional registry and analyzed changes in hemodynamic status between diagnostic and first repeat catheterization after initiation of therapy for PAH. The RVSWI and PC increased significantly after therapy (p = 0.007 and p = 0.02, respectively). Improvement in RV function was limited to patients treated with prostanoid-only therapy (p = 0.04); no improvement was found in patients treated with oral therapy (p = 0.25). Patients with the poorest baseline RV function (lowest tertile) had the greatest improvement post-therapy (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001 vs. middle and highest tertiles). The major determinant of RVSWI was change in stroke volume (rs = 0.54, p < 0.001), indicating RVSWI is an accurate reflection of RV function. Right ventricular function improves after therapy with regimens including prostanoids but not oral-only regimens. Patients with the least compensated RV function at diagnosis might derive the most benefit from therapy. Larger studies are needed to determine whether changes in RVSWI after therapy are associated with outcomes.
Opioid Overdose Fatality Prevention—Reply
Authors: Leo Beletsky, Alexander Y. Walley, Josiah D. Rich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Cognitive Therapy versus Rogerian Supportive Therapy in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Jean Cottraux, Ivan Druon Note, Florent Boutitie, Maud Milliery, Virginie Genouihlac, Sai Nan Yao, Brigitte Note, Evelyne Mollard, Françoise Bonasse, Ségolène Gaillard, Diane Djamoussian, Chantal de Mey Guillard, Alain Culem, François Gueyffier
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; To date, there have been no studies comparing cognitive therapy (CT) with Rogerian supportive therapy (RST) in borderline personality disorder. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Sixty-five DSM-IV borderline personality disorder outpatients were recruited at 2 centres: Lyon and Marseille. Thirty-three patients were randomly allocated to CT and 32 to RST. The therapists were the same in both groups. Both treatments shared the same duration (1 year) and amount of therapy. Assessment by independent evaluators utilised the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Hopelessness Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire II, Eysenck Impulsivity Venturesomeness Empathy (IVE) Inventory, a self-harming behaviours checklist and scales measuring quality of life and the therapeutic relationship. The response criterion was a score of 3 or less on the CGI, associated with a Hopelessness Scale score of &lt;8. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; No patient committed suicide during the trial. Fifty-one patients were evaluated at week 24, 38 at week 52 and 21 at week 104. Cognitive therapy retained the patients in therapy for a longer time. The response criterion found no significant between-group differences at any measurement point in the completers. However, at week 24, CT was better than RST on the Hopelessness Scale, IVE scale and regarding the therapeutic relationship. At week 104, the CGI improvement (patient and evaluator) was significantly better in CT than in RST. High baseline depression and impulsivity predicted dropouts. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; CT retained the patients in therapy longer, showed earlier positive effects on hopelessness and impulsivity, and demonstrated better long-term outcomes on global measures of improvement.
Transmural Distribution of Three-Dimensional Systolic Strains in Stunned Myocardium
Authors: Reza Mazhari, Jeffrey H. Omens, Richard S. Pavelec, James W. Covell, Andrew D. McCulloch
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Regional function in stunned myocardium is usually thought to be more depressed in the endocardium than the epicardium. This has been attributed to the greater loss of blood flow at the endocardium during ischemia. Methods and Results We measured transmural distributions of 3D systolic strains relative to local myofiber axes in open-chest anesthetized dogs before 15 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and during 2 hours of reperfusion. During ischemia, regional myocardial blood flow was reduced 84% at the endocardium and 32% at the epicardium ( P &lt;0.005, n=7), but changes in end-systolic fiber length from baseline were transmurally uniform. Relative to baseline, radial segments in stunned tissue were significantly thinner at the endocardium than the epicardium at end systole (24±5% versus 16±3%; P &lt;0.05, n=8), consistent with previous reports. Unlike radial and cross-fiber segments, however, the increase of end-systolic fiber lengths in stunned myocardium had no significant transmural gradient (23±8% epicardium versus 21±4% endocardium). We also observed significant 3D diastolic dysfunction in the ischemic-reperfused region transmurally. Conclusions Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in the dog results in a significant transmural gradient of dysfunction between epicardial and endocardial layers in radial and cross-fiber segments, but not for fiber segments, despite a gradient in blood flow reduction during ischemia. Perhaps systolic fiber dysfunction rather than the degree of perfusion deficit during the preceding ischemic period may be the main determinant of myocardial dysfunction during reperfusion.
SYMPTOM-COMPLEX OF A SERIES OF INTESTINAL CASES WITH PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS.
Authors: THOMAS D. PARKE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

During the years from 1903 to 1906 a number of cases came under observation which till that time had not been encountered and a description of which has not been found in the text-books, nor in current literature so far as I have investigated. The first two cases seen by me occurred in the practice of Dr. Morris of Birmingham, and so unusual were the symptoms, so prompt the fatal ending, that poisoning was suspected, though no known poison would seem to explain all the symptoms. Other cases occurring soon after, we were forced to the conclusion that we had encountered a symptom-complex new in our experience. Conversation with our older practitioners shed no light, as they had seen or had recognized no such cases. Eighteen cases have come under my personal charge, or in consultation. Of these twelve patients died, six recovered. The youngest was 6 months old, the
Viruses Isolated from Natural Common Colds in the U.S.A
Authors: D. Hamre, J. J. Procknow
Journal: BMJ (1961)

EPILEPSY AND BRAIN DAMAGE MEDiCBRNAL they showed generalized and widespread disruption of normal cortical activity during photic stimulation.It thus appears that only certain types of discharge, or, perhaps more accurately, discharges in certain areas rather than others, can be important in producing the psychological phenomena associated with epilepsy.The local character of the discharge invalidates the objection made on the grounds of a failure of anticonvulsants to modify such abnormal behaviour and the failure of metrazol to precipitate it.Focal epileptic activity is very difficult to control by drugs, and it is rarely produced by intravenous metrazol (though, of course, topical application may work).Does the clinical material enable us to say anything about the psychological effects that may be associated with these forms of discharge ?One can, I think, find disturbances in many areas that might be related.There is, firstly, the crude and overt expression of sexual and aggressive functions.There are, secondly, the peculiar disturbances of consciousness, the twilight states, the apparently hysterical outbursts, the pseudo-hallucinations, and so on.There is, thirdly, the intellectual dullness and slowness which may be very marked in some patients.All these three changes may be paralleled by the effects of animal experiments, and I suspect there may be some unitary disturbance of function behind all three, the nature of which we cannot at present formulate.One can only speculate on what might be the effects of epilepsia partialis continuans in the amygdaloid regions by analogy with the continuous jerks produced by this type of constant discharge in the motor areas.The second lecture, together with a list of references, will appear in our next issue.
Analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a multistep process: a population-based modelling study
Authors: Ammar Al-Chalabi, Andrea Calvo, Adriano Chio, Shuna Colville, Cathy M Ellis, Orla Hardiman, Mark Heverin, Robin S Howard, Mark H B Huisman, Noa Keren, P Nigel Leigh, Letizia Mazzini, Gabriele Mora, Richard W Orrell, James Rooney, Kirsten M Scott, William J Scotton, Meinie Seelen, Christopher E Shaw, Katie S Sidle, Robert Swingler, Miho Tsuda, Jan H Veldink, Anne E Visser, Leonard H van den Berg, Neil Pearce
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2014)