tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Transplant Center Volume on Cardiac Transplant Outcome
Authors: Jeffrey D. Hosenpud
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —The number of cardiac transplant programs continues to increase despite no increase in the number of hearts available for transplantation. As a result, the majority of heart transplant centers perform extremely small numbers of transplant operations annually. To determine the effect of small transplantation volume on transplant outcome, the following study was performed. <h3>Design.</h3> —Using the Scientific Registry of the United Network for Organ Sharing, all cardiac transplant procedures from October 1987 through December 1991 were analyzed to determine whether center volumes affected cardiac transplant outcome. Patient survival rates for each center were determined, and the survival rates were modeled for the following patient variables: first transplantation or retransplantation, patient condition at the time of transplantation, patient underlying cardiac disease (congenital vs all others), and time. <h3>Setting.</h3> —All cardiac transplant centers in the United States were included in the analysis. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients undergoing cardiac transplantation in the United States from October 1987 through December 1991 were included in the analysis. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The primary end point in this analysis was mortality. <h3>Results.</h3> —Throughout the entire study, of the 150 cardiac transplant centers, 35.3% of the centers were performing fewer than five cardiac transplantations per year, 53.3% were performing fewer than nine transplantations per year, and 61.3% were performing fewer than 12 transplantations per year, the minimum required for Medicare payment eligibility. Using the modeled survival rates, the risk of mortality decreased to a basal level in those centers performing between eight and 10 transplant operations per year. In centers performing fewer than nine transplantations, mortality increased sharply and exponentially. Dividing centers into those that performed nine or more transplantations per year (70 centers) and fewer than nine transplantations per year (80 centers), the increased risk of mortality at 1 month and 12 months was 40.3% and 33.1%, respectively, in centers performing fewer than nine cardiac transplantations per year (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Once the threshold of nine transplant procedures was met, those centers that were eligible for Medicare payment did not have significantly better survival than those centers not eligible for Medicare coverage. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These data demonstrate that the risk of mortality at early and intermediate time points is substantially higher in low-volume cardiac transplant centers, which make up more than half of the centers performing cardiac transplantation in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1844-1849)
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Robert A. Kyle, Philip R. Greipp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

MULTIPLE myeloma is characterized by an increase of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow and monoclonal protein in the serum, often with osteolytic bone lesions. Its course is progressive: anemia, weakness, fatigue, fractures, bone pain, hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, recurrent infections, bleeding, and deterioration lead to death. However, we have seen six patients with illnesses that met the criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma1 but have not had a progressive course. Although no chemotherapy was given, their condition has remained stable for five or more years. We designate these cases as "smoldering multiple myeloma." We wish to call attention . . .
Long-Term Survival After Marrow Transplantation for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: JEFFREY SZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Four patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and severe marrow aplasia were given marrow grafts either from allogeneic human-leukocyte-antigen-identical siblings (three patients) or from a syngeneic donor (one patient). The patients with allogeneic grafts were conditioned with regimens that included cyclophosphamide and had sustained and complete marrow engraftment; subsequent tests were negative for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. One patient developed chronic graft-versus-host disease that resolved over 4 years. The patient receiving a syngeneic graft received marrow infusion without preceding immunosuppression. He had prompt engraftment, and hematologic variables returned to normal. A Ham's test done at 3 years was negative, but a complement lysis sensitivity test done 10 years after grafting was positive; the patient, however, remains asymptomatic. All four patients are alive and well 4, 9, 10, and 12 years after transplantation. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria apparently can be treated successfully by allogeneic or syngeneic marrow transplantation without subsequent maintenance therapy.
FLT3 D835/I836 mutations are associated with poor disease-free survival and a distinct gene-expression signature among younger adults with de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia lacking FLT3 internal tandem duplications
Authors: Susan P. Whitman, Amy S. Ruppert, Michael D. Radmacher, Krzysztof Mrózek, Peter Paschka, Christian Langer, Claudia D. Baldus, Jing Wen, Frederick Racke, Bayard L. Powell, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Richard A. Larson, Michael A. Caligiuri, Guido Marcucci, Clara D. Bloomfield
Journal: Blood (2007)
Modulations of hepatic gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide sulfotransferase activities following treatment of rats with a hepatocarcinogenic regimen: effect of partial hepatectomy.
Authors: P Vijayaraghavan, D Malejka-Giganti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The feasibility of using biochemical assays of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) and N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide sulfotransferase (N-OH-2-FAA ST) activities to monitor the effects of treatment of male Sprague-Dawley rats with a two-stage hepatocarcinogenic regimen was investigated. One week after initiation with diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg of bw), the rats were treated with 10 oral doses within 2 weeks of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) at 0.05 mmole/kg or vehicle (corn oil) at 5 ml/kg of body weight. After five doses of 2-FAA or corn oil, half of the rats in each group underwent partial (70%) hepatectomy (PH). Three days after completion of 2-FAA treatment, gamma-GTP activity increased approximately 8-fold in the livers of both the nonhepatectomized (-PH) and hepatectomized (+PH) groups. After 17 days, the enzyme activity decreased to the control level in the -PH group but increased 3.1-fold above the control level in the +PH group. After 31, 66, and 87 days, gamma-GTP activity increased only 1.4- to 2.6-fold in the -PH group, whereas that of +PH group increased 15- to 32-fold. N-OH-2-FAA ST activity, determined 3 days after completion of 2-FAA treatment, decreased by approximately 60% in the -PH and +PH groups. After 17 days, the effect of PH became evident in that the losses of N-OH-2-FAA ST activity were smaller (20%) in the -PH than in the +PH group (45.5%). After 31, 66, and 87 days, the respective decreases of 27, 29, and 41% in the +PH group were significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advanced fluorescence microscopy methods illuminate the transfection pathway of nucleic acid nanoparticles
Authors: Kevin Braeckmans, Kevin Buyens, Broes Naeye, Dries Vercauteren, Hendrik Deschout, Koen Raemdonck, Katrien Remaut, Niek N. Sanders, Jo Demeester, Stefaan C. De Smedt
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
High mortality in obese women diabetics with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M J Tansey, L H Opie, B M Kennelly
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The factors associated with mortality in 89 diabetics and 793 non-diabetics with acute myocardial infarction who were initially admitted to a coronary care unit were analysed retrospectively. During their stay in hospital diabetics had twice the mortality of non-diabetics. The higher mortality among diabetics was largely accounted for by obese women, who had a hospital mortality of 43%. There was an increased incidence of congestive heart failure in such patients. A therapeutic trial should be performed in such patients to assess whether insulin has an effect on infarct size.
Advances in the Metabolism of Bilirubin
Authors: William T. Foulk
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Current concepts of bilirubin metabolism have been reviewed. Free bilirubin is conjugated in the liver with glucuronic acid, sulfates, and perhaps other compounds rendering it water-soluble and facilitating its excretion into the bile. With experimental extrahepatic obstruction or hepatocellular damage, alterations in the pattern of bilirubin conjugates in serum and bile may be demonstrated; but these patterns cannot be explained solely in terms of conjugation deficiency. Abnormalities in the uptake of free bilirubin by the hepatic cell and in its storage and excretion by the liver may contribute to the pigment patterns observed in most states of clinical jaundice. However, a few unusual conditions of clinical jaundice seem to represent pure defects of conjugation or excretion of bile pigments, and these have been discussed.
“Polypill” Could Slash Diabetes Risks
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Failure of simple biochemical indexes to reliably differentiate fulminant wilson's disease from other causes of fulminant liver failure
Authors: Richard Sallie, Leah Katsiyiannakis, Dianne Baldwin, Sue Davies, John O'Grady, Alex Mowat, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Serum, urine and tissue biochemical findings were studied in 21 cases of fulminant Wilson's disease with respect to the value of a recently described biochemical index based on serum alkaline phosphatase and total serum bilirubin levels, and these cases were compared with 193 other cases of fulminant liver failure. Serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and AST levels found in fulminant Wilson's disease were significantly different from those found in other cases of fulminant liver failure, but differentiation from other causes of fulminant liver failure on the basis of these biochemical parameters was not possible. The alkaline phosphatase/bilirubin and aspartate AST/bilirubin ratios derived from the above parameters were also significantly lower in fulminant Wilson's disease than in other categories of fulminant liver failure, but distinction between diagnostic categories on this basis was not possible. When ratios that correctly identified all cases of fulminant Wilson's disease were selected, 59/190 (31%) and 84/190 (44%) cases of non-Wilsonian fulminant liver failure would erroneously be assigned a diagnosis of fulminant Wilson's disease, by alkaline phosphatase/bilirubin and AST/bilirubin ratios, respectively. A low alkaline phosphatase-to-bilirubin ratio (< 0.57) in any category of fulminant liver failure suggested a significantly worse prognosis than in cases with higher ratios (chi 2, Yates' corrected = 5.37, p = 0.02). In the Wilson's disease group, serum and hepatic copper and ceruloplasmin concentrations were normal in 4/21, 2/15 and 2/19, respectively, whereas urinary copper level was elevated in 18/18 and was the most valuable test in diagnosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparative accuracy of electrocardiographic and vectorcardiographic criteria for inferior myocardial infarction.
Authors: H P Hurd, M R Starling, M H Crawford, P W Dlabal, R A O'Rourke
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Numerous criteria for the diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction by electrocardiogram (ECG) and vectorcardiogram (VCG) have been published, but they have not been subjected to a systematic, independent evaluation. Accordingly, we studied 146 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization; 63 were normal and 83 had a history of infarction, a significant right coronary lesion and an inferior wall motion abnormality (inferior infarction group). No ECG or VCG criteria were considered in the designation of the two groups; rather, three sets of ECG and VCG criteria were evaluated for this purpose. Specificity was excellent (98-100%) and sensitivity was poor (4-34%) by all three sets of ECG criteria, but the 1949 ECG criteria of Meyers et al. are the least sensitive (4%, p less than 0.001). Specificity (90-100%) and sensitivity (82-84%) were very good by all three VCG criteria. The VCG criteria of Starr et al. gave no false-positive results in our normal group. Because of enhanced sensitivity, the overall accuracy of the VCG was higher than that of the ECG for the diagnosis of inferior infarction (90% vs 62%, p less than 0.001). We conclude that more recent ECG criteria for the diagnosis of inferior wall myocardial infarction are highly specific, but insensitive compared with VCG criteria.
Erratum to: treatment with bexarotene, a compound that increases apolipoprotein-E, provides no cognitive benefit in mutant APP/PS1 mice
Authors: Katherine D LaClair, Kebreten F Manaye, Dexter L Lee, Joanne S Allard, Alena V Savonenko, Juan C Troncoso, Philip C Wong
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Correction to LaClair et al.: Treatment with bexarotene, a compound that increases apolipoprotein-E, provides no cognitive benefit in mutant APP/PS1 mice.Molecular Neurodegeneration 2013 8:18.After publication of this work [1], we were alerted to an error in the reported cohort size used for the Radial Arm Water Maze as referenced from [2].The correct cohort size reported in [2] is n=8-13 for each group of mixed gender animals.In addition, it came to our attention that our analysis of a potential false-positive treatment effect caused by gender differences, and therefore bexarotene's inability to rescue cognitive decline, may appear to be contradicted by the statement that it "was equally effective in both genders" of transgenic mice [2].However, direct experimental data supporting this statement is not presented.In addition, this statement does not address any differences in the performance of each gender, only that bexarotene appears effective in each gender separately, and the statistical significance of this reported effect remains unknown.Therefore, we maintain that the currently published cognitive preclinical data, including our own, do not validate the potential of bexarotene for Alzheimer's therapy.
Programmed electrical stimulation and drugs identify two subgroups of ventricular tachycardias occurring 16-24 hours after occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.
Authors: M A Vos, A P Gorgels, J D Leunissen, M G Havenith, E Kriek, J L Smeets, H J Wellens
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurring 16-24 hours after left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion in the canine heart is most likely based on abnormal automaticity. In vitro, it has been demonstrated that the rate of the arrhythmia and the effect of overdrive pacing depends on the maximal diastolic potential (MDP). The MDP is also of importance in understanding the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. To study 1) the possible presence of different responses to overdrive pacing and 2) the relation between the response to overdrive pacing and the effect of different antiarrhythmic drugs in the intact heart, we investigated the effect of 1) (prolonged) pacing and 2) lidocaine (3 mg/kg), verapamil (0.4-1.0 mg/kg), or flunarizine (2 mg/kg) during VT.In 21 conscious dogs with chronic atrioventricular block, 60 sustained VTs were observed 1 day after LAD occlusion. During VT, pacing with interstimulus intervals of 400, 300, and 200 msec for 15, 60, and 120 seconds was done on 40 VTs. Based on their response to pacing, VTs were divided into a pacing-suppressible (PS group) and a pacing-nonsuppressible group (PNS group). The mean cycle length in the PS group was significantly longer (410 +/- 50 msec) than in the PNS group (360 +/- 35 msec, p less than or equal to 0.01). Suppression was directly related to the rate and duration of pacing. Spontaneous recurrence of VTs was observed after 26 +/- 45 seconds. Lidocaine and verapamil increased cycle length of the suppressible VTs and terminated them, whereas flunarizine had no effect. Except for verapamil, which increased cycle length of the VTs, no effects were seen in the PNS group.In conscious dogs showing sustained VTs 16-24 hours after LAD occlusion, 1) the slower VTs can be suppressed by pacing, verapamil, and lidocaine but not by flunarizine, and 2) the faster VTs are not affected by pacing, lidocaine, and flunarizine, and are only slowed by verapamil. These findings are compatible with in vitro findings of abnormal automaticity, with the slower VTs originating from a higher MDP than the faster VTs.
Abstract 416: Mammographic density and ECM stiffness
Authors: Irene Acerbi, Au Alfred, Jose Lopez, Shelley Hwang, Valerie Weaver
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Breast tissue homoeostasis depends on the complex regulation of biochemical and biophysical factors present in the extra cellular matrix (ECM). Tumor tissue in mouse and human breast is characteristically stiffer than normal tissue, and changes to the ECM contribute to this phenotype. Breast density is associated with elevated collagen content, while increased deposition of collagen is known to augment ECM stiffness. Mammographic density imaging provides a qualitative description of breast density, and high mammographic density is associated with increased risk to malignancy. However, little is known about the correlation between ECM stiffness and the density in the breast image. Previously, we have used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the changes in breast tissue stiffness with cancer progression (Levental et al., Cell 2009). We hypothesized that mammographically dense breasts would be stiffer. To further understand the biophysical regulation of breast stiffness, we investigated whether mammographic density is a predictor of ECM stiffness. Towards this goal, we studied tissue samples from prophylactic mastectomies, from women with low versus high mammographic density. Tissue samples were obtained from the peripheral quadrants as well as from the retroareolar (nipple) regions, which are known to be of higher mammographic density. We performed AFM force mapping to characterize the ECM stiffness in the different regions. Our preliminary data indicate a heterogeneous pattern of stiffness within the breast. Moreover, we found that the peripheral terminal ductal lobuli have the most compliant ECM. By contrast, the stroma stiffness in the retroareolar region was 2-fold higher than in the peripheral quadrants. This work demonstrates the technical feasibility of measuring the mechanical properties as well as defined histological characteristics within the same patient specimen. The data suggest that ECM stiffness may be greater in breast tissue of high mammographic density. The correlation between mammographic density and ECM stiffness may reveal the role of collagen status in the risk to malignancy. (supported by W81XWH-05-1-0330 and R01 CA138818-01A1 to VMW, 1U01 ES019458-01 to VMW and ZW, and P50 CA 58207 to JG, VW, SH and LC.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 416. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-416
Eric George Lapthorne Bywaters
Authors: A. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Rheumatologist who discovered the cause of fatal kidney failure in victims of the Blitz Eric George Lapthorne Bywaters played an important role in the rise of modern rheumatology as part of general medicine.After qualifying with a gold medal and honours in pathology, he worked at the Courtauld Institute of Pathology on the metabolism of articular cartilage.In 1937 he was invited to the Massachusetts General Hospital, where he studied patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, returning to the Hammersmith Hospital in 1939 and taking on the rheumatism clinic.During the bombing of London he studied the "crush syndrome" in people whose limbs had been trapped by falling masonry and who were released by the rescue services only to die later from kidney failure.This work was later transferred to a Medical Research Council unit at the Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne.The cause, Bywaters found, was release of the protein myoglobin into the circulation from crushed muscles.This blocked the tiny ducts in the kidneys, preventing urine and waste products from being filtered from the blood.He used animal models to show that alkaline fluids by mouth or intravenously
Off-Line Monitoring in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: JOHN A. MAZZARELLA, ROBERT A. BRUCE, ELMER GREEN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The general clinical concept of cardiac monitoring has been briefly defined. The need for its use in acute myocardial infarction has been cited, and a new approach to "off-line" electrocardiographic recording on magnetic tape with very rapid scanning and analysis has been described. Some observations related to clinical problems in myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, conduction defects, and cardiac pacing, have been illustrated. The benefits and limitations have been cited. "Off-line" systems complement but do not supplant current on-line alarm systems. This technique appears to be clinically useful both for inpatients and for ambulatory outpatients. The major indications for cardiac monitoring are arrhythmias, heart block, cardiac responses to a variety of stresses, diseases, and therapy, as well as some patients with unexplained symptoms.