tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Viral Infections and Childhood Asthma
Authors: JAN L. L. KIMPEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Formulating hypotheses on the pathogenetic links between viral infection in childhood and asthma requires an undisputed definition of asthma. Unfortunately, many wheezing syndromes have been recognized in the pediatric age group, which are the subject of a vivid controversy on the exact terminology. Leaving a detailed definition of childhood asthma aside, at least four different wheezing syndrome have been associated with viral infections: ( 1 ) wheezing-associated respiratory infections in infancy and early childhood, ( 2 ) asthma attacks associated with or elicited by viral upper respiratory tract infections in older children, ( 3 ) recurrent wheezing episodes after viral bronchiolitis, and ( 4 ) atopic asthma. There is no doubt that some overlap exists between these various wheezing syndromes. Epidemiological observations have stimulated the study of possible pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the relation between viral respiratory tract infections and these wheezing syndromes.
Depot medroxyprogesterone and bone density
Authors: T Cundy, I Reid
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - It is gratifying when publications arouse a vigorous debate, but the comments of correspondents on our paper1 are disappointing. Either our writing is not clear or the correspondents have not read the paper properly.Anne Szarewiski and colleagues say that we described the theoretical risk of oestrogen deficiency and osteoporosis in long term users of depot medroxyprogesterone.2 Our study in fact showed that spinal bone density increased in women who stopped using depot medroxyprogesterone …
When Tom Died
Authors: Robert W. Marion
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Tom who finally died in May wasn't anything like the Tom I had gotten to know during my first rotation on Floating 5. Back in September, my internship was still fresh; I hadn't done much suffering and neither had Tom. He had come in near the end of the month, a slightly pale but healthy-looking teenager; he had been losing weight, feeling run down, and complaining of bone pain. His mother finally took him to the family physician the day his gums bled as he brushed his teeth. His leukemia was diagnosed that day. I was just getting to know Tom when September ended and I had to move on to the next rotation. I felt bad for him; he was a nice kid but his prognosis was terrible. I promised to visit him when I got the chance, but things got pretty busy and by the middle of
The ATP sensitive potassium channel of cardiac muscle and action potential shortening during metabolic stress
Authors: I. Findlay
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article The ATP sensitive potassium channel of cardiac muscle and action potential shortening during metabolic stress Get access Ian Findlay Ian Findlay CNRS EP 21, Université de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, Tours 37200, France: Dr I Findlay. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 760–761, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.760 Published: 01 June 1994 Article history Received: 14 December 1993 Accepted: 11 February 1994 Published: 01 June 1994
Right to Treatment
Authors: Roy B. Lacoursiere
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Although recent decisions of the US Supreme Court 1-3 are making psychiatric work easier, care must be exercised not to read these decisions too broadly. It appeared to us that this occurred in a recent article (242:2307, 1979) and an editorial (242:2327, 1979) inThe Journaldiscussing Addington vs Texas . The Addington opinion was not clearly only a parens patriae commitment, and the case does not mandate any particular right to treatment or the clear and convincing standard of proof over the beyond a reasonable doubt standard.  Addington was civilly committed because he was mentally ill, and according to the testimony of two psychiatrists, probably dangerous both to himself and to others, ie, a mixed parens patriae and police power commitment. The question for the Supreme Court was what standard of proof is required by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution in a civil proceeding brought under state
Family planning in the hospital service
Authors: E M Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1976)

unabsorbable carbohydrates were added to a breakfast test meal containing 106 g of absorb- able carbohydrates the mean maximum rise of glood glucose between 15 and 120 minutes after the meal was only 40-68o, of the control.Modification of food form may therefore be a useful therapeutic manoeuvre in controlling some diabetic patients.
Ether v. Chloroform
Authors: J. C. S. Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1881)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 70URNAL 269 temperature fell more decidedly).In the latter stages, they were omitted whenever the temperature was below Ioo°.At the same date (May 28), two drachms of brandy every three hours were prescribed.May 30th.Subcutaneous injections of atropia each night were com- menced-4r of a grain, gradually increased to y. Half a dozen times during the course of the illness, a dose of ten grains of quinine was given when the temperature tended to be high, which was generally in the afternoon or evening; and occasionally the body was sponged with iced vinegar and water.June ioth.The patient looked and felt very well, though weak and thin.The tongue was moist, and only slightly coated with a white fur.The appetite was much improved.There had been no movement of the bowels for four days.The perspirations were still con- siderable, but only in the mornings.Pulse 8o, of fair strength;respirations 24; pulse-respiration ratio 313: i.The temperature during the last twenty-four hours never rose to Ioo°, the highest being 99.8°; and, during the previous twenty-four hours, it only reached I00°on three occasions, and twice was normal.The cough was less trouble- some than on admission; expectoration was very scanty, and consisted of clear mucus.The physical signs were improved to this extent, that the very coarse rdles at the left base had disappeared, being replaced by rd/es which were partly musical and partly moist.The effect of the digitalis on the secretion-of urine was well marked; for, on the four days preceding the administration of the pills, the amount discharged was 32, 30, 26, and 23 ounces; and, on the following four days, 6o, 72, go, and 73 ounces.It is unnecessary to give the whole of the reports, which were taken from time to time, but the following are sufficient to illustrate the pro- gress towards recovery.June 17th.There was decided improvement in the physical signs, the rdles having almost disappeared from the chest, except at the left base, where, however, they were much less distinct th-an formerly.The temperature for the last few days had been normal, or nearly so, and there had been very little perspiratioti.The digestion was fair, and the bowels regular, though the motions were still inclined to be pale and loose.Three moderate meals daily were now allowed, and the atropia was stopped.On the 22nd, the pills were likewise omitted; biit, on the 25th, as the perspirations had slightly returned, the atropia injections were resumed.July 2nd.There was still slight expectoration, which was yellower than formerly; respirations 22; pulse-respiration ratio normal, the pulse being 86, and of good strength.All rdles had disappeared from the left side of the chest, with the exception of occasional musical rhonchi posteriorly.The signs of effusion at the right base were
Increased Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Predicts New-Onset Wheeze in a General Population
Authors: Anna-Carin Olin, Annika Rosengren, Dag S. Thelle, Lauren Lissner, Kjell Torén
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (Fe(NO)) is regarded as a marker of airway inflammation. It is unknown whether increased Fe(NO) in respiratorily healthy subjects increases the risk of developing wheeze.To examine if increased levels of Fe(NO) predicts later onset of wheeze.We followed up 2,200 men and women from a general population-based study. At baseline, the subjects were investigated with questionnaires, blood samples, pulmonary function tests, and Fe(NO). At follow-up 4 years later, all subjects were mailed a respiratory questionnaire. The association between incident wheeze and baseline levels of Fe(NO) over the 90th percentile were evaluated calculating hazard ratios using Cox regression models adjusted for smoking habits, age, height, sex, and atopy.The follow-up questionnaire was completed by 1,896 subjects (86.2%). All subjects reporting wheeze, asthma, or asthma symptoms at baseline were excluded resulting in a study population of 1,506 subjects. Of these, 49 subjects reported new-onset wheeze. The median concentration of Fe(NO) at baseline was significantly higher among those with new-onset wheeze (18.8 ppb vs. 15.8 ppb, P = 0.03). In a Cox regression model including all subjects, Fe(NO) over the 90th percentile predicted onset of wheeze (hazard ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.4). In stratified models, this was most apparent among never-smokers and in atopic subjects, for whom the odds ratios were higher.Our results indicate that increased Fe(NO) is associated with an increased risk of developing wheeze. The results also support the hypothesis that increased level of Fe(NO) among subjects without respiratory symptoms is a sign of subclinical airways inflammation.
Immunomodulation by theophylline in asthma. Demonstration by withdrawal of therapy.
Authors: J Kidney, M Dominguez, P M Taylor, M Rose, K F Chung, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Theophylline is the most widely used anti-asthma drug worldwide and is classified as a bronchodilator, although there is increasing evidence that it may have immunomodulatory effects. We have investigated the effects of theophylline withdrawal under placebo control in 27 asthmatic patients (25 to 70 yr) treated with long-term theophylline who were also treated with high dose inhaled corticosteroids. We measured asthma symptoms (diary card), lung function (spirometry and home records of peak expiratory flow), and peripheral leukocyte populations using dual color flow cytometry. In eight of these patients, we examined fiberoptic bronchial biopsies by immunocytochemistry. We also studied peripheral blood lymphocytes in eight asthmatic patients who have never received theophylline. Mean steady state plasma theophylline concentrations during theophylline therapy were 8.6 +/- 0.9 mg/L. Theophylline withdrawal was associated with a significant increase in asthma symptoms, particularly at night, and a fall in spirometry and morning peak flow. This was accompanied by a significant fall in peripheral blood monocytes (CD14+, activated CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+/CD25+) and activated CD8+ T-cells (CD8+/HLA-DR+) in patients with a plasma theophylline > 5 mg/L. The lymphocyte populations in theophylline-naive patients were similar to those found after theophylline withdrawal. Bronchial biopsies showed a mirror image of the peripheral blood with an increase in CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the airway. Chronic treatment with theophylline, even at low plasma concentrations, controls asthma symptoms and has effects on T-lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood which are the inverse of those observed in the airways.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
If it doesn't work, stop it
Authors: Karen Forbes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—“The aphorism `Don't just do something, stand there!' seems ludicrous.”1

Does it?

Reading this reminded me of something a student wrote in a reflective piece at the end of the University of Bristol's fifth year preregistration house officer shadowing course. She was confronted on a ward round for senior house officers with an extremely unwell, very breathless man. The house officer and senior house officer sprang into action. She looked at him and realised he was dying, and dying soon.

While everyone else examined him, gave him oxygen, and arranged investigations she looked on and wondered if she would be capable of such actions when she qualified. She also described feeling powerless, and that there was nothing she could do. She wrote: “And then the words of a particular palliative care consultant came into my mind: `If there is nothing else to do, you can hold their hand.' So I did. He died shortly afterwards.”

Sometimes there is nothing to do, or there is nothing doctors should do, in terms of management or treatment.

Medicine entails “ritual, custom, and the expectations of doctors, patients, and society.”1 But it also entails compassion and humanity, the ability to be with someone and to give of yourself as a human being. And that is what this student did. Sometimes the aphorism might read: “Don't just do something, hold my hand.” And that would not be ludicrous.
Thrombolytic agents and lysis of coronary artery thrombosis
Authors: C. B. Moschos, W. M. Burke, P. H. Lehan, H. A. Oldewurtel, T. J. Regan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article Thrombolytic agents and lysis of coronary artery thrombosis Get access Christos B. Moschos, Christos B. Moschos From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Thomas J. White Cardiopulmonary Institute, B. S. Pollak Hospital for Chest Diseases, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William M. Burke, William M. Burke From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Thomas J. White Cardiopulmonary Institute, B. S. Pollak Hospital for Chest Diseases, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patrick H. Lehan, Patrick H. Lehan From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Thomas J. White Cardiopulmonary Institute, B. S. Pollak Hospital for Chest Diseases, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry A. Oldewurtel, Henry A. Oldewurtel From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Thomas J. White Cardiopulmonary Institute, B. S. Pollak Hospital for Chest Diseases, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Timothy J. Regan Timothy J. Regan From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, New Jersey College of Medicine and Dentistry, and the Thomas J. White Cardiopulmonary Institute, B. S. Pollak Hospital for Chest Diseases, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 228–234, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.2.228 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Accepted: 29 October 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Generalized Vaccinia
Authors: Peter Brooks
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PROGRESSIVE vaccinia is a rare complication of immunization against smallpox, but when it occurs, it is often associated with immunodeficiency diseases or prior immunosuppressant treatment. We report the case of a patient in whom progressive vaccinia and subsequent classical rheumatoid arthritis developed, the early symptoms of which were present at immunization. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old woman was examined in 1972, with a history of seven-month recurrent vaccinial lesions following vaccination against smallpox. She had a history of recurrent asthma and also gave a 12-month history of mild pains in her hands and knees. She was receiving no medication for either condition at the time of vaccination. An examination showed large vaccinial lesions of the arms, legs, and back (Figure), generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. There was no clinical sign of arthritis noted at the time. The hemoglobin level was 11.5 g/dl, and the WBC count was 7,200/cu mm, with
Fatal air embolism after upper endoscopy in a 48-year-old man
Authors: C. Truyols
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Air embolism is a rare complication of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, but potentially catastrophic. It can be clinically irrelevant, or may lead to pulmonary or even systemic embolism. Air embolism occurs mainly when low-pressure vessels are in contact with high-pressure air. Fewer than ten cases after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy have been reported [1] [2].
Utility of Osteopontin and Serum Mesothelin in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Diagnosis and Prognosis Assessment
Authors: Bogdan-Dragos Grigoriu, Arnaud Scherpereel, Patrick Devos, Bachar Chahine, Marc Letourneux, Pierre Lebailly, Marc Grégoire, Henri Porte, Marie-Christine Copin, Philippe Lassalle
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor and is often diagnosed too late for a curative treatment. We compared diagnostic and prognostic values of mesothelin and osteopontin in 172 patients suspected of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and in a control group of 112 asymptomatic asbestos-exposed subjects. Experimental Design: Osteopontin and mesothelin were assayed with commercial ELISA kits in a series of 43 patients with pleural metastases of various carcinomas, 33 patients with benign pleural lesions associated with asbestos exposure, 96 patients with MPMs, and 112 asbestos-exposed healthy subjects. Results were correlated with patient's diagnosis and survival. Results: Serum osteopontin level was higher in MPM patients compared with healthy asbestos-exposed subjects and had a good capability to distinguish between these two populations. However, osteopontin was unable to distinguish between MPM and pleural metastatic carcinoma or benign pleural lesions associated with asbestos exposure. Neither plasma nor pleural fluid osteopontin were more powerful in this respect. Serum mesothelin had a good ability for diagnosing MPM but was unable to identify patients with nonepithelioid mesothelioma subtypes. Survival analysis identified tumor histologic subtype along with serum osteopontin and serum mesothelin as independent prognostic factors in mesothelioma patients. Conclusions: Osteopontin has a lower diagnostic accuracy than mesothelin in patients suspected of MPM. Insufficient specificity limits osteopontin utility as diagnostic marker. Both molecules have a potential value as prognostic markers.
Norwegian doctors attacked over "elite" trade union
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Norwegian doctors have broken with their former trade union to create a new organisation representing the interests of doctors and other academics, the Norwegian Medical Association announced on the eve of its recent annual conference in Bergen. The move has provoked criticism from the press and from the old union.

The former trade union, the Joint Academics Association, included both academics in non-medical professions …
Impaired NK cell antiviral cytokine response against influenza virus in small-for-gestational-age neonates
Authors: Jinrong Li, Hong Li, Huawei Mao, Meixing Yu, Fan Yang, Ting Feng, Yingying Fan, Qiao Lu, Chongyang Shen, Zhongwei Yin, Meng Mao, Wenwei Tu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
E coli report calls for better food safety
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Food safety controls are to be tightened in Britain after an inquiry into the world's second worst outbreak of Escherichia coli , which killed 18 people and affected almost 500.

The government has accepted all the recommendations put forward by an expert group which examined the circumstances that led to the outbreak in the Scottish town of Wishaw late last year. The source of the infection was a local butcher's shop which supplied contaminated meat products to several retail outlets …
A case of severe hyponatraemia
Authors: K Wynne, O Chaudhri, R Gorrigan, T Tan, K Meeran
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 32 year old woman was admitted with a two day history of extreme fatigue, severe headache, vomiting, postural dizziness, and blurring of peripheral vision on her left lateral gaze. Two days earlier she had had an emergency caesarean section for an anterior uterine rupture at 29 weeks’ gestation. During the operation she lost 1.5 litres of blood and became hypotensive with a blood pressure of 87/54 mm Hg. She could not lactate post partum. On examination, she was confused and slow to respond. Her blood pressure was 98/60 mm Hg, pulse rate 80 beats per minute, and respiratory rate 14 breaths per minute. Neurological examination showed a left VIth cranial nerve palsy. Her visual fields were full to confrontation, and dilated fundoscopy was unremarkable. Initial investigations showed a serum sodium of 116 mmol/l (138 mmol/l immediately postoperatively) and potassium of 3.7 mmol/l. Her serum osmolality was 240 mOsm/kg (normal 275-95) with a urine osmolality of 535 mOsm/kg and her urine sodium concentration was 91 mmol/l. ### Short answers
Estrogen and the Risk of Fracture — New Data, New Questions
Authors: Lawrence G. Raisz, Karen M. Prestwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The central role of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal bone loss was demonstrated many years ago.1 We know estrogen can inhibit bone resorption and decrease bone turnover, but the precise pathways by which these effects occur are not known. The effect of estrogen on the skeleton appears to be as important in men as in women.2 In women, there is bone loss not only soon after the menopause (3 to 5 percent per year) but also, to a lesser extent (0.5 to 1 percent per year), after 65 years of age.3 Bone turnover decreases in response to estrogen-replacement therapy in both . . .
THE ACETIC ANHYDRIDE TEST OF THE SPINAL FLUID
Authors: G. L. Piotrowski
Journal: BMJ (1929)

tBrTWDdJou 45.7 repeated.We lhave effectively repeated this procedure five andI six times at short intervals.Up to flow we have chiefly used the method in cases where the ordinary non- operative treatmenlt was practically ineffective and in wh-lich i we desired to get the eve into a morc favourable state for operation.It is not our object inl this com- mlluniication to do miiore than draw attention-to the fre- quentlv favouirable results of the -adrenialine pack on the tenIsion in glaucomiia of moderate exteInt.At tle same time, we wrould like to show some effects of considerable theoretical interest in conlnexioni with its use in v*ery hiiglh ten.sion cases.The Method.
Causal Factors in Suicidal Attempts by Male and Female College Students
Authors: GRAHAM B. BLAINE, LIDA R. CARMEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Case histories of 69 Harvard and Radcliffe students who attempted suicide were surveyed. Variables studied included the mode of suicide, precipitating factors, background factors which may have contributed, and results in terms of treatment and further education. Relevant factors seem to be concerned with loss, concern over academic work, parental level of education, and source of family discipline.
PLASMA OMENTIN SIGNIFICANTLY PREDICTS CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS INDEPENDENTLY FROM THE PRESENCE AND EXTENT OF ANGIOGRAPHICALLY DETERMINED BASELINE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Christoph Saely, Andreas Leiherer, Axel Muendlein, Alexander Vonbank, Philipp Rein, Kathrin Geiger, Cornelia Malin, Heinz Drexel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)