tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BRONCHIECTASIS: DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS IN RELATION TO TREATMENT
Authors: F. C. Roles, G. S. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1933)

BRONCHIECTASIS|When confronted with a case of bronchiectasis with DIAGNOSIS AND PROG;NOSIS IN RELATION TO little present disability, it is difficult to persuade oneself TREATMENT that a severe operation should be advised.Those BY clinicians who have seen the elderly adult -live many years with a fusiform bronchiectasis and little incapacity FRANCIS C. ROLES, M.R.C.P., will remain convinced that lobectomy is not indicated MEDICAL REGISTRAR, BROMPTON CHEST HOSPITAL for all unilobar cases.
Sclerotherapy versus sclerotherapy and propranolol in the prevention of rebleeding from oesophageal varices: a randomised study.
Authors: S S Elsayed, G Shiha, M Hamid, F M Farag, F Azzam, M Awad
Journal: Gut (1996)

This trial was carried out to assess the value of propranolol in the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding when combined with longterm endoscopic sclerotherapy.Two hundred patients (161 male, 39 female, age range 20-68 years) with portal hypertension resulting mainly from schistosomal periportal fibrosis or posthepatitic cirrhosis presenting with their first episode of haematemesis or melena, or both were included. This was confirmed endoscopically to result from ruptured oesophageal varices. After initial control of bleeding, patients were randomised into two groups: group 1 treated with endoscopic sclerotherapy alone and group 2 treated with sclerotherapy plus propranolol. They were followed up for two years.Group (2) had a lower rebleeding rate (14.3% v 38.6% in group 1), lower variceal recurrence after obliteration (17% v 34% in group 1), longer period between variceal obliteration and recurrence (36 weeks v 21 weeks in group 1); but no change in mortality (12% in both groups).Patients treated with sclerotherapy should be given propranolol for longterm management.
Interleukin-6 modulates hepatic and muscle protein synthesis during hemodialysis
Authors: D.S.C. Raj, P. Moseley, E.A. Dominic, A. Onime, A.H. Tzamaloukas, A. Boyd, V.O. Shah, R. Glew, R. Wolfe, A. Ferrando
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
The Marriage—A Basic Unit for Psychotherapy
Authors: EDWARD H. OLSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The marriage is a basic system in which most adults attempt to satisfy their needs for unification and autonomy. The author believes that the psychotherapist can be more effective working with an existing system than establishing a competing dyadic relationship with one of the spouses. He can help each individual differentiate and also facilitate the couple's capacity for a productive, satisfying intimacy.
8-Chloro-Cyclic AMP–Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Is Mediated by p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in HL60 Cells
Authors: Young-Ho Ahn, Joong Mok Jung, Seung Hwan Hong
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract 8-Chloro-cyclic AMP (8-Cl-cAMP), which is known to induce growth inhibition, apoptosis, and differentiation in various cancer cell lines, has been studied as a putative anticancer drug. However, the mechanism of anticancer activities of 8-Cl-cAMP has not been fully understood. Previously, we reported that the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced growth inhibition is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In this study, we found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) also plays important roles during the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. SB203580 (a p38-specific inhibitor) recovered the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, whereas other MAPK inhibitors, such as PD98059 (an extracellular signal-regulated kinase–specific inhibitor) and SP600125 (a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase–specific inhibitor), had no effect. The phosphorylation (activation) of p38 MAPK was increased in a time-dependent manner after 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. Furthermore, SB203580 was able to block PKC activation induced by 8-Cl-cAMP. However, PKC inhibitor (GF109203x) could not attenuate p38 activation, indicating that p38 MAPK activation is upstream of PKC activation during the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced growth inhibition. 8-Chloro-adenosine, a metabolite of 8-Cl-cAMP, also activated p38 MAPK and this activation was blocked by adenosine kinase inhibitor. These results suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP exerts its anticancer activity through p38 MAPK activation and the metabolite(s) of 8-Cl-cAMP mediates this process.
Data mining model using simple and readily available factors could identify patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Masayuki Kurosaki, Naoki Hiramatsu, Minoru Sakamoto, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Manabu Iwasaki, Akihiro Tamori, Kentaro Matsuura, Sei Kakinuma, Fuminaka Sugauchi, Naoya Sakamoto, Mina Nakagawa, Namiki Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Student Body Racial and Ethnic Composition and Diversity-Related Outcomes in US Medical Schools
Authors: Somnath Saha, Gretchen Guiton, Paul F. Wimmers, Lu Ann Wilkerson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

<h3>Context</h3>Many medical schools assert that a racially and ethnically diverse student body is an important element in educating physicians to meet the needs of a diverse society. However, there is limited evidence addressing the educational effects of student body racial diversity.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether student body racial and ethnic diversity is associated with diversity-related outcomes among US medical students.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>A Web-based survey (Graduation Questionnaire) administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges of 20 112 graduating medical students (64% of all graduating students in 2003 and 2004) from 118 allopathic medical schools in the United States. Historically black and Puerto Rican medical schools were excluded.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Students' self-rated preparedness to care for patients from other racial and ethnic backgrounds, attitudes about equity and access to care, and intent to practice in an underserved area.<h3>Results</h3>White students within the highest quintile for student body racial and ethnic diversity, measured by the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) students, were more likely to rate themselves as highly prepared to care for minority populations than those in the lowest diversity quintile (61.1% vs 53.9%, respectively; P &lt; .001; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.57). This association was strongest in schools in which students perceived a positive climate for interracial interaction. White students in the highest URM quintile were also more likely to have strong attitudes endorsing equitable access to care (54.8% vs 44.2%, respectively; P &lt; .001; adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.15-1.74). For nonwhite students, after adjustment there were no significant associations between student body URM proportions and diversity-related outcomes. Student body URM proportions were not associated with white or nonwhite students' plans to practice in underserved communities, although URM students were substantially more likely than white or nonwhite/non-URM students to plan to serve the underserved (48.7% vs 18.8% vs 16.2%, respectively; P &lt; .001).<h3>Conclusion</h3>Student body racial and ethnic diversity within US medical schools is associated with outcomes consistent with the goal of preparing students to meet the needs of a diverse population.
A longitudinal examination of factors related to changes in serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels.
Authors: P Grace Tee, Anne M Sweeney, Elaine Symanski, Joseph C Gardiner, Donna M Gasior, Susan L Schantz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Consumption of sport-caught fish from the Great Lakes is a recognized source of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Understanding temporal changes in PCB body burden is crucial for evaluating exposure levels and augmenting validity of studies investigating their relationship to adverse health effects. Using data collected from 1980 to 1995, we evaluated longitudinal changes in serum PCB levels among 179 fisheaters and non-fisheaters of the Michigan Fisheater Cohort. Participants identified as fisheaters in 1980 ate 26 lb or more of sport-caught fish per year, whereas non-fisheaters ate less than 6 lb per year. We found a monotonic decline in serum PCB levels among all participants from a mean value of 24 ppb in 1980 to 12 ppb in 1994. This was paralleled by an 83% decrease in mean fish consumption among all participants over the same period. We combined demographic, lifestyle, and fish consumption information with PCB data and evaluated the data using regression models to identify predictors of PCB body burden over a 16-year period. Results of the mixed-effects linear regression model suggest that consumption of Lake Michigan fish before 1980, amount of sport-caught fish eaten in the past year, age, and year of data collection were significant determinants of current PCB body burden over the 16-year study period. PCB levels were particularly elevated for males who were classified as fisheaters in 1980, which may reflect higher levels of sport-caught fish consumption compared with female fisheaters.
THE EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION IN DOGS OF EMPHYSEMA WITH ASSOCIATED ASTHMATIC SYNDROME BY MEANS OF AN INTRATRACHEAL BALL VALVE
Authors: Willam H. Harris, Felix P. Chillingworth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. Experimental emphysema can be produced in dogs by impeding expiration by means of a properly constructed ball valve introduced into the trachea. 2. This method affords a practical means of study of various physiological, pathological, and clinical aspects of emphysema. 3. The experiments demonstrate that any lesion or factor capable of interfering sufficiently with proper air expulsion yet permitting of sufficient air intake will occasion emphysema. 4. Attacks simulating those of asthma are occasioned in experimental emphysematous animals after exercise as well as during and following inhalation of mildly irritant gases.
Benazepril plus amlodipine reduced cardiovascular risk more than benazepril plus hydrochlorothiazide
Authors: Simon W. Rabkin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club19 May 2009Benazepril plus amlodipine reduced cardiovascular risk more than benazepril plus hydrochlorothiazideSimon W. Rabkin, MDSimon W. Rabkin, MDUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.W.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-02008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationJamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, et al. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2417-28. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19052124Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Nephrology: Reference1 ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2002;288:2981-97. [PMID: 12479763] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Simon W. Rabkin, MDAffiliations: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (S.W.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 May 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 May 2009Volume 150, Issue 10Page: JC5-8KeywordsACE inhibitorsCalcium channel blockerCoronary revascularizationDrugsHeartHospitalizationsHypertensionMortalityMyocardial infarctionUnstable angina ePublished: 19 May 2009 Issue Published: 19 May 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The carcinogenicity of beryllium.
Authors: M Kuschner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Beryllium, some of its alloys, and a variety of its compounds have induced malignant tumors of the lung and osteogenic sarcoma in experimental animals. Three animal species, monkeys, rabbits, and rats, have been shown to be susceptible. Beryllium induces morphological transformation in mammalian cells and enhances viral transformation of mammalian cells. It has been shown to decrease fidelity of DNA synthesis. It has been recognized that exposure to compounds of this metal will, in some individuals, result in a chronic granulomatous disease of the lung. A series of overlapping recent human epidemiological studies have been suggestive of an increase in the incidence of lung cancer in populations occupationally exposed to beryllium. Such studies, together with animal and in vitro studies, argue for the strong presumption of a carcinogenic hazard to man in occupational beryllium exposures.
CRANIOPLASTIC OPERATIONS.Thesis: For admission to Chicago Academy of Medicine.
Authors: CARL BECK
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The purpose of plastic operations is to remedy defects. Cranioplastic operations have, therefore, to remedy defects of the cranium. The cranium is a bony structure, and operations on such are therefore bone-plastic operations and share more or less of the characteristics, difficulties and the fate of such. Bone-plastic has been studied attentively of late, but osteoplastie on the cranium has not been the subject of very critical research. Defects of the cranium can be either congenital or acquired. Teratology and pathology enumerate a large number of instances of such congenital defects. From the monster called anencephalus, hemicephalus, down to porencephalus, through all gradations we have mal-development of the cranium, but these extremely high degrees of defects will not easily be the subjects of a plastic. The individuals thus born are doomed to die early, or they are idiots and not worthy of remedy—for such a creature it is better to
Familienplanung aus ärztlicher Verantwortung
Authors: Gisela Heinze
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Family planning is necessary for the mother to be able to give sufficient time to care for her children. The adverse effects of contraception and therapeutic abortion on the marital relationship is discussed. An understanding of the effects that contraception has upon the family is helpful in discussing planned parenthood. The importance of love in sexual experience is discussed.
Pregnancy Prolonged Beyond the Expected Date
Authors: D. Latto
Journal: BMJ (1951)

POTASSIUM BROMATE POISONING abnormal constituents were present except acetone on the second day.On the seventh day after admission the child smiled, took an active interest in his surroundings, and accepted a semi-solid diet.Convalescence was uneventful, and he was discharged after 17 days in hospital.Review at inter- vals during the next month revealed no abnormality, though his mother stated that he was fretful and irritable at home.Tests for bromate in the urine on the third day were negative.
Human rabies reported for first time in almost two years
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The recently reported human rabies case in Oklahoma City is the nation's first in nearly two years. However, it is the ninth (out of a total of 16) since 1966 in which there was no history of the patient's having been bitten by an animal. The patient, a 27-year-old man, died last month after nine days in a hospital. The diagnosis of rabies was made postmortem. At the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, officials say that when rabies is not diagnosed before death, it often is because there is an absence of hydrophobia or of a known history of exposure to the neurotropic virus. They say that the Oklahoma case "again shows that, for patients with encephalopathic illness of undetermined etiology, rabies should be considered." These officials also note that no human-to-human transmission of the rabies virus has been documented in the United States, except in the case of
On Setting an Example
Authors: Frank Cole
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Smoking is probably bad for you. It may be the physician's duty to tell this to the patient. Still, a warning is printed on every package of cigarettes. Once he is informed, whether or not he will smoke is a decision to be made by every person. Certainly, we cannot force him to stop smoking, not now. I do not smoke. But there is no reason why a physician may not, like his patient, decide for himself, and I see no reason why the physician may not smoke if he wants to. His duty, if there is a duty, is to advise the patient, and if the patient then wants to smoke, he will; and if the physician wants to smoke, he may. Don't work too hard, we say, but<i>we</i>do. Don't stay on the job all day and then work nights, we might tell the
Do Bisphosphonates Slow the Progression of Aortic Stenosis?
Authors: Olcay Aksoy, Akin Cam, Sachin S. Goel, Penny L. Houghtaling, Sarah Williams, Ernesto Ruiz-Rodriguez, Venu Menon, Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Eugene H. Blackstone, Brian P. Griffin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Die Pleurabiopsie in der internen Diagnostik
Authors: R. Mürtz, H. Begenat
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

Needle biopsy of the pleura with curette needle according to Cope or Ramel provides good diagnostic assistance in the clarification of indistinct pleural effusions, pleural thickening, peripheral lung processes with pleural involvement, and chest wall tumors. The method is technically simple and the intervention, taken as a whole, involves minimal risk. Complications are hardly to be expected if the most important contraindication – hemorrhagic tendency – is heeded and adequate local anesthetic is used. Since it is possible to take several test samples at one session, obtaining appropriate tissues is nearly l00% assured. On the other hand, the diagnostic yield varies between 50 and 80%. Nevertheless, the capabiltities of blind pleural biopsy play a significant role in internal diagnostics.
Targeted Injury of Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells Induces Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Thomas H. Sisson, Michael Mendez, Karen Choi, Natalya Subbotina, Anthony Courey, Andrew Cunningham, Aditi Dave, John F. Engelhardt, Xiaoming Liu, Eric S. White, Victor J. Thannickal, Bethany B. Moore, Paul J. Christensen, Richard H. Simon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Ineffective repair of a damaged alveolar epithelium has been postulated to cause pulmonary fibrosis. In support of this theory, epithelial cell abnormalities, including hyperplasia, apoptosis, and persistent denudation of the alveolar basement membrane, are found in the lungs of humans with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and in animal models of fibrotic lung disease. Furthermore, mutations in genes that affect regenerative capacity or that cause injury/apoptosis of type II alveolar epithelial cells have been identified in familial forms of pulmonary fibrosis. Although these findings are compelling, there are no studies that demonstrate a direct role for the alveolar epithelium or, more specifically, type II cells in the scarring process.To determine if a targeted injury to type II cells would result in pulmonary fibrosis.A transgenic mouse was generated to express the human diphtheria toxin receptor on type II alveolar epithelial cells. Diphtheria toxin was administered to these animals to specifically target the type II epithelium for injury. Lung fibrosis was assessed by histology and hydroxyproline measurement.Transgenic mice treated with diphtheria toxin developed an approximately twofold increase in their lung hydroxyproline content on Days 21 and 28 after diphtheria toxin treatment. The fibrosis developed in conjunction with type II cell injury. Histological evaluation revealed diffuse collagen deposition with patchy areas of more confluent scarring and associated alveolar contraction.The development of lung fibrosis in the setting of type II cell injury in our model provides evidence for a causal link between the epithelial defects seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the corresponding areas of scarring.
IV. PSYCHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS AND METHODS
Authors: KNIGHT DUNLAP
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The psychologic tests now used in determining the ability of candidates for the aviation service to withstand altitude have been developed for use under the practical conditions of the Henderson rebreathing apparatus, in which the rate of oxygen decrease is rapid. The statements made here with regard to the course of the phenomena apply only to conditions of brief ascents, and do not necessarily hold in all particulars for cases in which the aviator is kept at corresponding altitudes for long periods of time.  The effects of oxygen insufficiency on the physiologic process were in the beginning of our work studied empirically, with the least possible hypothetic guidance. Our results square distinctly with the conception of psychologic processes as integrative, that is, as dependent on the working together of the central nervous system as a whole rather than on the action of any specific parts of the system.  The basic
Public Use of Automated External Defibrillators
Authors: Sherry L. Caffrey, Paula J. Willoughby, Paul E. Pepe, Lance B. Becker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Automated external defibrillators save lives when they are used by designated personnel in certain public settings. We performed a two-year prospective study at three Chicago airports to assess whether random bystanders witnessing out-of-hospital cardiac arrests would retrieve and successfully use automated external defibrillators.
Atrioventricular Conduction in Secundum Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: PAGE A. W. ANDERSON, MARK C. ROGERS, RAMON V. CANENT, MADISON S. SPACH
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The atrioventricular (A-V) conduction time in patients with secundum ASD who had left-to-right shunts of 40-65% of their pulmonary flow was evaluated utilizing intracardiac electrograms. The A-V conduction time was divided into three components: (1) P-A interval, from the onset of the P wave to the time of excitation of muscle in the vicinity of the A-V node, (2) A-H interval, from the time of excitation of low right atrial muscle to that of the His bundle, and (3) H-V interval, from the time of the His bundle deflection to the onset of ventricular activation. The mean P-R interval of the ASD group (154 msec) was significantly longer ( P &lt; 0.01) than that of the control group (135 msec). The internodal conduction time (mean P-A interval) of the ASD group (52.2 msec) was significantly longer ( P &lt; 0.001) than that of the control group (29.1 msec). The A-H and H-V intervals of the two groups were not significantly different. Both the increased size of the atrium and the increased distance for internodal conduction produced by the defect itself can account for the prolonged internodal conduction time.