tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ON GROWING, NORMAL AND DISEASED BONES
Authors: D. B. PHEMISTER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Since the experimental work of Wegner1 in 1872, showing the effect of phosphorus on growing bones in animals, it has been used more or less extensively as a therapeutic agent in disorders of ossification.Almost no postmortem or other evidence, however, has been offered as to the exact changes which it brings about in the bones of man.
Infant death and consanguineous marriage
Authors: C Bacon, P Fryers
Journal: BMJ (1994)

and especially in KwaZulu, the Zulu homeland, we have an extreme shortage of medical staff.The KwaZulu Department of Health has divided itself into six regions, each of which contains about five wards centred on their own hospital.Specialists are based at the regional hospitals but are encouraged to visit the ward hospitals for teaching and to provide services.The ward hospitals are rural.Around each ward hospital is a network of residen- tial clinics staffed by nurses trained in primary health care.Patients with conditions beyond the nurses' competence are referred to the ward hos- pital for care.Rural hospitals are therefore very much part of the community, and a good rural physician can have considerable contact with the local people.Because the rural hospitals are up to 200 km
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Authors: Dorothea D. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Because patients with major disabilities usually are initially seen with a variety of problems that touch on many aspects of several different medical and psychosocial specialties and, most recently, the specialty of neurocybernetics, physical medicine and rehabilitation is a multidisciplinary practice that crosses traditional specialty and departmental lines. The practice of physiatrics thus requires a broad knowledge base and must be concerned with all aspects of the treatment of the disabled patient in cooperation with a closely knit team of specialists and medical care professionals. As the knowledge base has been expanded by the transfer of productive research into clinical practice, it has been broadened to include new areas of expertise.  Despite pessimism and nihilism in the past about therapeutic intervention in persons with CNS damage, as neuropsychologic testing and interpretation have become more expert, it has become evident that recovery of function after cortical injury occurs with retraining. 1
Herbal Medicines and Perioperative Care
Authors: Michael K. Ang-Lee
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Widespread use of herbal medications among the presurgical population may have a negative impact on perioperative patient care.To review the literature on commonly used herbal medications in the context of the perioperative period and provide rational strategies for managing their preoperative use.The MEDLINE and Cochrane Collaboration databases were searched for articles published between January 1966 and December 2000 using the search terms herbal medicine, phytotherapy, and alternative medicine and the names of the 16 most commonly used herbal medications. Additional data sources were obtained from manual searches of recent journal articles and textbooks.We selected studies, case reports, and reviews addressing the safety and pharmacology of 8 commonly used herbal medications for which safety information pertinent to the perioperative period was available.We extracted safety, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic information from the selected literature and reached consensus about any discrepancies.Echinacea, ephedra, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, kava, St John's wort, and valerian are commonly used herbal medications that may pose a concern during the perioperative period. Complications can arise from these herbs' direct and pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic effects. Direct effects include bleeding from garlic, ginkgo, and ginseng; cardiovascular instability from ephedra; and hypoglycemia from ginseng. Pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions include potentiation of the sedative effect of anesthetics by kava and valerian. Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions include increased metabolism of many drugs used in the perioperative period by St John's wort.During the preoperative evaluation, physicians should explicitly elicit and document a history of herbal medication use. Physicians should be familiar with the potential perioperative effects of the commonly used herbal medications to prevent, recognize, and treat potentially serious problems associated with their use and discontinuation.
Atlas of Topographical and Applied Human Anatomy. In 2 Vol. Vol I: Head and Neck
Authors: Benjamin Spector
Journal: JAMA (1964)

There is a clear-cut need by medical students and by physicians of so outstandingly useful an atlas. The present volume offers clinically serviceable figures, of exquisite artistry, in the following areas of the human body: head, cerebrum and meninges, face, visceral spaces of the head, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, oral cavity and pharynx, ear and vestibular apparatus, eye and orbit, neck and larynx. It is a rewarding experience to examine these figures with a hand lens; in this manner, a sense of living anatomy comes to the eye and mind to profit both physician and patient. The roentgenograms of the skull and of the vertebral column of the head and neck skeleton and the arteriograms of the blood vessels of the neck and brain are vividly informative. The libraries of the medical schools will undoubtedly possess a copy of this book, yet it may be urged that all students
Privy Council says GMC procedure on restoration to register is flawed
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The judicial committee of the Privy Council has quashed a General Medical Council decision banning a former GP from making further applications for his name to be restored to the medical register.

Lord Steyn, Lord Rodger, and Andrew Leggatt ruled that the procedure used by the GMC's professional conduct committee was flawed because it did not first decide on Dr Adil Mahmud Raji's application for restoration before considering whether to ban him from making further applications.

Under GMC rules, if a doctor who has been struck off the medical register makes a second or …
Effects of late administration of tissue-type plasminogen activator on left ventricular remodeling and function after myocardial infarction
Authors: Domenico Bonaduce, Mario Petretta, Bruno Villari, Roberto Breglio, Gabriele Conforti, Maria Vittoria Montemurro, Tonino Lanzillo, Gianfranco Morgano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Is Histological Investigation of Polyps Always Necessary?
Authors: D. Külling, A. D. Christ, N. Karaaslan, M. Fried, P. Bauerfeind
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

To assess whether polyp histological type can be predicted by patient characteristics and endoscopic polyp findings.1681 polyps in 494 patients were categorized as advanced adenomas (villous component or severe dysplasia or early cancer) or insignificant polyps. Chi-squared tests were used to analyze whether polyp histological type could be predicted based on patient age (< 60 vs. > or = 60 years), gender, family history of colon polyps or cancer, presence of anemia, polyp size (< or = 5 mm vs. > 10 mm), and location (left- vs. right-sided).Insignificant polyp histology (n = 1337) correlated with patient age < 60 years (P = 0.0026), lack of anemia (P< 0.0001), polyp size < or = 5 mm (P < 0.0001), and right-sided location (P= 0.0058). Stepwise inclusion of these parameters demonstrated that the association of a < or = 5 mm right-sided polyp in a patient < 60 years yielded the highest combined predictive value (96.2%) for an insignificant polyp. Conversely, age > or = 60 years, presence of anemia, polyp size > 10 mm, or left-sided location, as single or combined parameters, demonstrated a maximum predictive value of only 75.4% for an advanced adenoma.A small right-sided polyp in a young patient is associated with a small risk (3.8 %) for advanced adenomatous tissue, indicating that histological investigation of such a polyp might not always be necessary. However, the recent recognition of flat adenomas and "mini" de novo colon carcinomas in the European population also may limit the usefulness of small polyp diameters in the exclusion of severe polyp histology.
Evaluation of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of patients with heart failure with gated phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance.
Authors: J R Wilson, L Fink, J Maris, N Ferraro, J Power-Vanwart, S Eleff, B Chance
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Exertional fatigue is a major limiting symptom in patients with heart failure. To investigate the metabolic basis of this fatigue, we used gated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr) and pH levels, and fatigue (1 to 4+) during mild forearm exercise in eight normal men and nine men with heart failure. Wrist flexion every 5 sec for 7 min was performed at 1, 2, and 3 J (average power output = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 W). In both groups linear relationships were noted between power output and Pi/PCr; the slope of this relationship was used to compare PCr depletion patterns. At rest both groups had similar Pi/PCr ratios (normal subjects 0.12 +/- 0.06, those with heart failure 0.15 +/- 0.03) and pH (normal subjects 7.04 +/- 0.13, those with heart failure 7.10 +/- 0.11). In normal subjects exercise resulted in a progressive increase in Pi/PCr (slope = 1.17 +/- 0.20 Pi/PCr units/W), a reduction in pH only at 0.6 W (0.2 W: 7.03 +/- 0.10, 0.4 W: 7.01 +/- 0.10, 0.6 W: 6.88 +/- 16) and moderate fatigue (0.2 W: 0 +/- 0, 0.4 W: 1.3 +/- 0.5, 0.6 W: 1.9 +/- 0.6). In patients with heart failure exercise resulted in significantly greater fatigue at all workloads (0.2 W: 1.0 +/- 0.5, 0.4 W: 1.9 +/- 0.6, 0.6 W: 2.9 +/- 0.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ADDITION OF IMAGING TO RISK SCORES FOR PREDICTING 30-DAY HEART FAILURE READMISSION: CONTRIBUTION OF EJECTION FRACTION AND GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN
Authors: Makoto Saito, Kazuaki Negishi, Mehdi Eskandari, Srikanth Koneru, Joshua Hawson, Alice Moore, Simon Foster, Janette Power, Nathan Dwyer, Thomas Marwick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
In vitro and in vivo effects within the coronary sinus of nonarcing and arcing shocks using a new system of low-energy DC ablation.
Authors: R Lemery, T K Leung, E Lavallée, A Girard, M Talajic, D Roy, M Montpetit
Journal: Circulation (1991)

DC shocks within the coronary sinus have been abandoned because of the risk of cardiac rupture and tamponade. Catheter ablation using DC energy to electrodes straddling the ostium of the coronary sinus, when used clinically, has been reported to result in cardiac tamponade in as many as 16% of patients. A new system of energy delivery maximizes voltage while decreasing the undesirable effects caused by barotrauma. This system includes 1) a low-energy ablation power supply with a brief time-constant capacitive discharge that delivers up to 40 J and 3,000 V and 2) a low-energy ablation catheter with a contoured distal electrode. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies of this new system and compared arcing shocks with nonarcing shocks. Ablations were performed using unipolar distal shocks (D) and unipolar shocks to both electrodes made electrically common (P-D). In vitro studies were done in a large tank filled with physiological saline while recording voltage, current, and pressure. High-speed cinematography (32,000 frames/sec) of shocks of 10-40 J permitted detailed analysis of the vapor globe. Anodal shocks of less than 20 J showed no arcing or only minimal vapor globe formation. For D and P-D anodal shocks of 40 J, the diameters of the vapor globe were 31 and 22 mm, respectively, corresponding to pressure recordings of 11 and 4.9 atm. The pressure rise lasted less than 50 mu sec. In vivo studies involved 18 dogs that received nonarcing shocks (one to six shocks of 15 J) and 18 dogs that received arcing shocks (one to three shocks of 40 J). Each group was divided between D and P-D shocks; catheter ablation was performed at a mean +/- SEM distance of 2.94 +/- 0.92 cm within the coronary sinus. All dogs tolerated the procedure without cardiac rupture or tamponade. When killed 2-4 days later, the dogs had edema and hyperemia or hemorrhage in the area of the coronary sinus. We compared the effects of multiple (three to six) nonarcing shocks with the effects of one to three arcing shocks. Disruption or rupture of the coronary sinus within the epicardial fat space occurred in two of 12 dogs (17%) with multiple nonarcing shocks but in 13 of 18 dogs (72%) with arcing shocks (p less than 0.003). Occlusion of the coronary sinus occurred in two of 12 dogs (17%) with multiple nonarcing shocks and in nine of 18 dogs (50%) with arcing shocks (p less than 0.06).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Peanut epitopes for IgE and IgG4 in peanut-sensitized children in relation to severity of peanut allergy
Authors: Annebeth E. Flinterman, Edward F. Knol, Doerthe A. Lencer, Ludmilla Bardina, Constance F. den Hartog Jager, Jing Lin, Suzanne G.M.A. Pasmans, Carla A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Hugh A. Sampson, Els van Hoffen, Wayne G. Shreffler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Postpartum cranial diabetes insipidus.
Authors: P H Baylis, J J Milles, D R London, W R Butt
Journal: BMJ (1980)

1980 occluded by thrombus from the bifurcation to the coeliac axis.Both renal arteries, the superior mesenteric, and the right vertebral arteries were thrombosed with the kidneys, small bowel, and part of the cerebellum infarcted.No venous thrombosis was present.The patient also had gall stones. CommentOestrogen-containing contraceptives are well known to cause abnormalities of coagulation1 and venous thromboembolic disorders.2Arterial thrombosis is less often encountered, though cerebral,2 coronary,2 mesenteric, $ and vertebral artery thromboses-' are described.But these events are relatively rare and usually occur singly.Our patient is unusual in that she experienced widespread large artery thrombosis without venous involvement, leading to ischaemia of the legs, infarction of kidneys and small bowel, and the lateral medullary syndrome.In the absence of other known factors influencing coagula- tion the oral contraceptive use is thought to be significant.Enhancing her susceptibility to oestrogen-associated thromboses would be her smoking habit, age of 33 years, and taking the pill for over five years.2Two further adverse factors were obesity and hypertension.5Massive arterial thrombosis is unusual and represents another major com- plication of oral contraception.It further emphasises the dangers of oestrogen-containing pills in women in the high-risk group defined by the Royal College of General Practitioners' report.:'We thank Mr D Charlesworth for allowing us to report this case.
Ultrasonic Energy: Biological Investigations and Medical Applications
Authors: Robert G. Combs
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The book is a collection of papers taken from the Symposium on Ultrasound in Biology and Medicine held in June 1962 at the University of Illinois, and includes an edited transcript of the discussions which followed the papers. As the subtitle indicates, the subject matter is divided into two broad but fairly distinct areas. The first, biological investigations, deals mainly with the effects of ultrasound on biological material, while "medical application" is practically synonymous with diagnostic procedure. The book is not suitable for a beginner in the field of ultrasound, because a specialized knowledge of terminology, technique, and equipment is necessary to understand the presentations. There are no basic papers to allow the reader to "get his feet wet" before jumping into deep water, although some advanced papers, such as Leichner's on "Concepts of Electronic Design for Precision Ultrasonic Lesions," are available. In spite of the higher-than-basic tone of the
855 A CLINICAL TRIAL EVALUATING LOW HCVRNA VIREMIA IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH TRIPLE THERAPY REGIMENS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT MANAGEMENT USING DIFFERENT ASSAYS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: B. Maasoumy, B. Cobb, P. Halfon, S. Aslam, B. Bremer, M.P. Manns, M. Cornberg, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Bromocriptine Reduces Pituitary Tumor Size and Hypersecretion
Authors: Richard F. Spark
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Twelve patients with pituitary tumor whose prior treatment included surgery and radiotherapy in four, surgery alone in four, radiotherapy alone in one, and none in three were studied. Nine had hyperprolactinemia, two had elevated serum growth hormones, and one had no pituitary hormone excess. Visual field defects were present in six. All had pituitary-gonadal insufficiency manifested as impotence or amenorrhea. All were treated with bromocriptine, 7.5 to 25 mg daily, and followed up for eight to 27 ([unk] 15) months. Serum prolactin levels decreased to normal in seven of nine patients. Serum growth hormone values were normalized in both acromegalics. When hormone levels were reduced to normal, pituitary tumor size decreased. Vision was restored to normal in five of six patients, including one patient with pituitary tumor but no pituitary hormone excess. Bromocriptine corrects the physiological defects associated with pituitary tumors that have been incompletely treated with surgery, radiotherapy, or both and may be a useful primary treatment for patients with pituitary tumors. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:311-316)
Renin and angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the kidneys of rats subjected to long-term bile duct ligation
Authors: Mariano Ubeda, Marion M. Matzilevich, Noemí M. Atucha, Joaquín García-Estañ, Tomás Quesada, Shiow-Shih Tang, Julie R. Ingelfinger
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Activation of antinatriuretic systems such as the renin-angiotensin system, is of major importance in the pathogenesis of sodium retention in cirrhosis. In this study, we studied the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system by measuring renin and angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the kidney of rats subjected to long-term bile duct ligation in a phase before the development of ascites, when sodium retention is already present. Experiments were performed in sham-operated and bile duct-ligated rats 3 wk after surgery. Balance studies showed lower sodium excretion and greater sodium retention in the bile duct-ligated rats compared with the control animals. Plasma renin activity (4.41 +/- 1.01 ng Angiotensin I/ml/hr in the bile duct-ligated group vs. 4.20 +/- 0.74 in the controls) and plasma renin concentration were not different between the two groups. However, plasma renin substrate was significantly decreased in bile duct-ligated animals. Total kidney renin mRNA was significantly higher in the bile duct-ligated animals (0.83 +/- 0.14 densitometric units vs. 0.44 +/- 0.04 in the controls), as determined on Northern-blot analysis and densitometric quantitation. Angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the kidneys of bile duct-ligated rats was significantly decreased (0.09 +/- 0.01 densitometric units) compared with that of the controls (0.21 +/- 0.03). These results indicate that sodium-retaining, nonascitic bile duct-ligated rats show abnormalities of the intrarenal renin angiotensin system that precede changes in plasma renin activity. Our data suggest that the intrarenal renin angiotensin system may participate in the initiation of the renal pathophysiological abnormalities present in bile duct-ligated rats.
Asymptomatic cardiac ischemia pilot (ACIP) study: Impact of anti-ischemia therapy on 12-week rest electrocardiogram and exercise test outcomes
Authors: Bernard R. Chaitman, Peter H. Stone, Genell L. Knatterud, Sandra A. Forman, George Sopko, Martial G. Bourassa, Craig Pratt, William J. Rogers, Carl J. Pepine, C. Richard Conti, None ACIP Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Thrombocytosis in giant cell arteritis.
Authors: M Giordano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Thrombocytosis in giant cell arteritisSir, The interesting paper of Bergstrom and colleagues' comes to the conclusion that thombocytosis in giant cell arteritis is reactive to the inflammation present in this disease.We came by other ways to the same conclusion.24We evaluated platelet counts in 146 cases of rheumatoid arthritis, in 43 cases ofjuvenile chronic arthritis (22 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 6 Still's patients, and 15 cases of juvenile mono-oligoarthritis), in 7 patients with Sj6gren's syndrome, in 41 with progressive systemic sclerosis, in 11 with rheumatic polymyalgia with or without Horton's arteritis, in 29 with ankylosing spondy- litis, in 34 with psoriatic arthritis, and in 17withgout.In all the groups of patients, except for juvenile mono-oligo- arthritis, we found mean platelet counts greater than those in control subjects 214 500 ± 32 886/mms (214 ± 33 x 109/1) by the method of Palumbo and DiniO.A clear thrombocytosis was present only in a percentage of the patients of the different groups.In these thrombocytosis patients there was a higher disease activity.Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between ESR and platelet count, serum mucoproteins, and platelet count; and a negative correlation between serum iron and platelet count.Therefore it is possible to assume that thrombo- cytosis is an inflammation index in rheumatic and con- nective tissue diseases.The researches of Bergstrom and colleagues are an elegant confirmation of this assumption.
Intensive Dose-Dense Compared With High-Dose Adjuvant Chemotherapy for High-Risk Operable Breast Cancer: Southwest Oncology Group/Intergroup Study 9623
Authors: Halle C.F. Moore, Stephanie J. Green, Julie R. Gralow, Scott I. Bearman, Danika Lew, William E. Barlow, Clifford Hudis, Antonio C. Wolff, James N. Ingle, Helen K. Chew, Anthony D. Elias, Robert B. Livingston, Silvana Martino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG)/Intergroup study 9623 was undertaken to compare treatment with an anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy regimen followed by high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell support (AHPCS) with a modern dose-dense dose-escalated (nonstandard) regimen including both an anthracycline and a taxane.Participants in this phase III randomized study had operable breast cancer involving four or more axillary lymph nodes and had completed mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive four cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by HDC with AHPCS or to receive sequential dose-dense and dose-escalated chemotherapy with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cyclophosphamide. The primary end point of this study was disease-free survival (DFS).Among 536 eligible patients, there was no significant difference between the two arms for DFS or overall survival (OS). Estimated five-year DFS was 80% (95% CI, 76% to 85%) for dose-dense therapy and 75% (95% CI, 69% to 80%) for transplantation. Estimated 5-year OS was 88% (95% CI, 84% to 92%) for dose-dense therapy and 84% (95% CI, 79% to 88%) for transplantation.There is no evidence that transplantation was superior to dose-dense dose-escalated therapy. Transplantation was associated with an increase in toxicity and a possibly inferior outcome, although the hazard ratios were not significantly different from 1.