tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Induction of dsRNA-activated protein kinase links mitochondrial unfolded protein response to the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation
Authors: Eva Rath, Emanuel Berger, Anja Messlik, Tiago Nunes, Bo Liu, Sandy C Kim, Nick Hoogenraad, Miquel Sans, R Balfour Sartor, Dirk Haller
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) feature multiple cellular stress responses, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein responses (UPRs). UPRs represent autoregulatory pathways that adjust organelle capacity to cellular demand. A similar mechanism, mitochondrial UPR (mtUPR), has been described for mitochondria. ER UPR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) contributes to the development of intestinal inflammation, and since mitochondrial alterations and dysfunction are implicated in the pathogenesis of IBDs, the authors characterised mtUPR in the context of intestinal inflammation. <h3>Methods</h3> Truncated ornithine transcarbamylase was used to selectively induce mtUPR in a murine IEC line. Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) was administered to PKR (double-stranded-<i>R</i>NA-activated <i>p</i>rotein <i>k</i>inase) knockout mice to induce IEC stress in vivo and to test for their susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Expression levels of the mitochondrial chaperone chaperonin 60 (CPN60) and PKR were quantified in IECs from patients with IBDs and from murine models of colitis using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Selective mtUPR induction by truncated ornithine transcarbamylase transfection triggered the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 2α and cJun through the recruitment of PKR. Using pharmacological inhibitors and small inhibitory RNA, the authors identified mtUPR-induced eIF2α phosphorylation and transcription factor activation (cJun/AP1) as being dependent on the activities of the mitochondrial protease ClpP and the cytoplasmic kinase PKR. Pkr<sup>−/−</sup> mice failed to induce CPN60 in IECs upon DSS treatment at early time points and subsequently showed an almost complete resistance to DSS-induced colitis. Under inflammatory conditions, primary IECs from patients with IBDs and two murine models of colitis exhibited a strong induction of the mtUPR marker protein CPN60 associated with enhanced expression of PKR. <h3>Conclusion</h3> PKR integrates mtUPR into the disease-relevant ER UPR via eIF2α phosphorylation and AP1 activation. Induction of mtUPR and PKR was observed in IECs from murine models and patients with IBDs. The authors9 results indicate that PKR might link mitochondrial stress to intestinal inflammation.
68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT Detects Primary Malignant Insulinoma
Authors: Valentina Ambrosini, Davide Campana, Cristina Nanni, Maria Cristina Marzola, Domenico Rubello, Stefano Fanti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Malignant insulinoma is an extremely rare pancreatic tumor variant characterized by an aggressive clinical behavior with local and distant spread. Delays in the diagnosis are common because symptoms usually precede tumor detection and may be misattributed. Aggressive surgical resection is the primary treatment option; therefore accurate tumor localization is important for appropriate management. Although somatostatin receptor imaging has a limited role in the visualization of benign insulinoma (characterized by a low expression of somatostatin receptors), it can still have a role in the detection of malignant forms.
Zinc and Magnesium Levels In Diabetes
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter of Reusch and Bunch (<b>210:</b>2285, 1969) concerning serum zinc levels in diabetes prompts us to submit additional data that we have obtained. As part of a study of leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, we measured the zinc and magnesium content of plasma, leukocytes, and erythrocytes in patients with a variety of disorders. Such measurements were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In 12 patients with diabetes mellitus, the concentrations of both zinc and magnesium in plasma, white blood cells, and red blood cells did not differ significantly from the values obtained in normal individuals of comparable age, sex, and race (Table).
Noncorticosteroid Immunosuppression Limits Myocardial Damage and Contractile Dysfunction in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
Authors: Tomasz Miszalski-Jamka, Wojciech Szczeklik, Barbara Sokołowska, Krzysztof Karwat, Karol Miszalski-Jamka, Przemysław Jaźwiec, Łukasz A. Małek, Hussein Al-Khalidi, Jeanette Schulz-Menger, Sophie Mavrogeni, Alfred Mahr, Wojciech Mazur, Dean J. Kereiakes, Jacek Musiał
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
UNRECOGNIZED CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF ANAL PRURITUS
Authors: J. F. MONTAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The clinical importance of anal pruritus consists in the recognition that itching is a perception of abnormal afferent impulses, whose intensities are below that necessary to evoke the perception of pain.  Working on this basis, we are led to the realization that itching, like pain, merits more than passing consideration and palliative treatment. It is the expression of an abnormal state of being and deserves as thorough an investigation as does its related symptom, pain. Medical opinion is unanimous in its disapproval of the drugging of a patient to quiet pain, when such palliation is not accompanied by a vigorous effort to ascertain the cause or causes at work in its production. Such a procedure is unscientific, and it is therefore rightfully condemned. Yet medical men in general seem quite indifferent as to the underlying cause of pruritus and are content to attempt its palliation by purely empiric means. It
Infection-induced NETosis is a dynamic process involving neutrophil multitasking in vivo
Authors: Bryan G Yipp, Björn Petri, Davide Salina, Craig N Jenne, Brittney N V Scott, Lori D Zbytnuik, Keir Pittman, Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Kaiyu Wu, H Christopher Meijndert, Stephen E Malawista, Anne de Boisfleury Chevance, Kunyan Zhang, John Conly, Paul Kubes
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Reply to Professor Klebs.
Authors: J. B. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, July 19, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following is the reply I wish to make to Professor Klebs' letter beginning: "In consequence of the surprising declaration of Dr. Murphy that tuberculosis of the lungs can be cured, etc." Professor Klebs has never seen my article, therefore he knows neither my conclusions nor the work on which I base those conclusions, therefore, his letter has no scientific value in connection with my paper. The paper is now appearing in theJournal. I trust that those who have read Professor Klebs' letter will read the paper most carefully. Very respectfully,
Long-Term Prognosis After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Is Related to the Extent of Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling at Midterm Follow-Up
Authors: Claudia Ypenburg, Rutger J. van Bommel, C. Jan Willem Borleffs, Gabe B. Bleeker, Eric Boersma, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Short-Term Group Therapy for Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Stina Söderberg, Birgitta Evengård
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This study presents experiences of focused short-term group therapy for patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Fourteen women diagnosed as CFS patients were randomly placed into two groups. The control group received group therapy 5 months after the first group. The project consisted of 10 group sessions of 1.5 h per week. Sense of coherence (SOC) was used for measuring coping resources, and self-rating scales of quality of life and of fatigue were compared before and after group therapy. &lt;i&gt;Results: &lt;/i&gt;The most valuable aspect was the sharing of experiences. More than half of the patients also felt that the sessions had improved psychological well-being through adjustment of ambitions and improved coping with symptoms. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The study encourages further research. If group therapy is chosen as treatment for these patients, a longer period is recommended. A possible alternative is individualized short-term therapy adapted to each patient’s needs, problems and circumstances.
Biological monitoring of workers exposed to N-nitrosodiethanolamine in the metal industry.
Authors: S Monarca, G Scassellati-Sforzolini, F Donato, G Angeli, B Spiegelhalder, C Fatigoni, R Pasquini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Biological monitoring of occupational hazards was performed in workers using cutting fluids containing N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA). The study involved a group of 25 male subjects from some metal factories in central Italy who used cutting fluids with an NDELA content of > or = 5 mg/l (high-exposure group) and a group of 37 males exposed to cutting fluids with an NDELA content < 5 mg/l (low-exposure group). For comparison, we recruited a control group consisting of 37 subjects living in the same area. For all subjects, internal dose (urinary excretion of NDELA, mutagens, and thioethers), early biological effects (sister chromatid exchanges in blood peripheral lymphocytes), and urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (DGA) as an endpoint product in the glucuronidation pathway were assessed. The results showed that only the workers using cutting fluids with NDELA concentrations of > or = 5 mg/l excreted trace amounts of NDELA in their urine. Urine excretion of mutagens was similar in the two exposure groups and in the controls. High-exposure subjects had a higher mean value of urinary thioethers than low-exposure and control subjects, but no differences were found in urinary DGA or lymphocyte sister chromatid exchange among the three groups. Smoking status increased the mean values of all the biomarkers, and coffee drinking was associated with urinary DGA excretion.
Obesity a significant risk factor for contralateral breast cancer ocurrence.
Authors: ME Quispe, DR Quispe, R Shi, AW Sun, GV Burton
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6097 Background: The health consequences of obesity are significant and it's effect on breast cancer outcomes are now being recognized. Several risk factors for contralateral breast cancer recurrence included age, lobular histology, genetic abnormalities and no prior adjuvant systemic therapy. This study's objective was to define the risk of contralateral breast cancer in obese patients following treatment for primary breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; Methods: The electronic medical records of pts with histologically proven invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1981 from 2006 were reviewed. Patients with Stage IV at diagnosis were excluded. Intrammamary breast cancer recurrence was defined as a new diagnosis of invasive or in-situ breast cancer at least 6 months after the diagnosis of primary invasive breast cancer, and it was classified as ipsilateral or contralateral breast cancer. Data on insurance, race, body mass index at diagnosis (BMI) and disease free interval (DFI) was analyzed. National Institutes of Health criteria was used to stratify pts as obese (BMI &amp;gt;30 kg/m2). Differences in DFI were analyzed by BMI.&amp;#x2028; Results: Of the 647 pts who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, 72 pts (11%) had intrammamary breast cancer recurrence, (28 ipsilateral and 44 contralateral). Pts with contralateral breast cancer in comparison with pts with ipsilateral breast cancer were more likely to be obese at diagnosis (64% vs 25%; p=0.001), to have a higher mean age at diagnosis (51 years vs 46 years; p=0.04) and to have primary breast cancer with ER positive status (67% vs 39%; p=0.05). In univariate analysis, obesity is a significant predictor of contralateral breast cancer. (HR =1.97; p=0.04). In multivariate analysis using Cox regression model, after adjusting for race, menopausal status, stage and SES, age at diagnosis and BMI remain statistically significant predictors for contralateral breast cancer (age at diagnosis: HR=1.09; p=0.006; BMI: HR=4.9; p=0.004).&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: In this relatively small patient group, obesity represent a significant risk factor for contralateral breast cancer occurrence. Additional studies are needed to further define the impact of obesity in breast cancer outcomes. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6097.
THERAPEUTIC EXPERIMENTS IN FEMALE INFERTILITY
Authors: Albert Sharman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The therapeutic value of uterotubal insufflation has been accepted by many writers because pregnancy has many times followed soon after the procedure. Admittedly, the possibility of a psychological influence cannot be dismissed, and true assessment of the method is difficult. Other procedures involving instrumentation of the cervical canal, such as dilatation of the cervix and hysterosalpingography, have been known for many years to be frequently followed by pregnancy. The modus operandi of "cure" by insufflation has been discussed at length by Rubin,<sup>1</sup>who considers it to be due to one or more of the following effects: establishing patency of the genital tract, removal of the cervical mucous plug, dilatation of the tubes, and possible psychic effect. Until five years ago, I performed tubal insufflation routinely, both as a diagnostic and as a therapeutic procedure in all cases of primary sterility at the sterility clinic and in the wards of
Accuracy of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Identifying Left Atrial Thrombi: A Prospective, Intraoperative Study
Authors: Warren J. Manning
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the ability of transesophageal echocardiography to accurately identify or exclude left atrial thrombi. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital. Patients: 231 consecutive patients having transesophageal echocardiography before elective repair or replacement of the mitral valve or excision of a left atrial tumor. Fifty-six percent of patients had a history of atrial fibrillation, and 17% had a history of thromboembolism. Measurement: Identification of left atrial thrombi during transesophageal echocardiographic examination and comparison with direct near-simultaneous visualization during cardiac surgery. Results: Transesophageal echocardiography identified 14 left atrial thrombi in 14 patients (6%). Thrombus size ranged from 3 to 80 mm. Surgery confirmed 12 of 14 thrombi (86%), including 9 thrombi confined to the left appendage. No additional thrombi were found on direct inspection of the atria (sensitivity, 100% [95% CI, 74% to 100%]; specificity, 99% [CI, 97% to 99.9%]; positive predictive value, 86% [12/14]; negative predictive value, 100% [217/217]; for a population that had a 5.2% prevalence of thrombi). All 12 surgically confirmed thrombi were identified by two independent observers. Neither thrombus seen by only a single observer on transesophageal echocardiography was confirmed during direct inspection of the atria at surgery. Conclusion: Transesophageal echocardiography is highly accurate for identifying left atrial thrombi and can be used clinically to exclude left atrial thrombi.
Correlation between the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and aortic pulse-wave velocity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Vessel wall properties in type 2 diabetes.
Authors: H Taniwaki, T Kawagishi, M Emoto, T Shoji, H Kanda, K Maekawa, Y Nishizawa, H Morii
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between atherotic (structural) and sclerotic (functional) changes in patients with type 2 diabetes.Aortic distensibility and carotid intimal-media thickness (IMT) were evaluated using carotid-femoral aortic pulse-wave velocity (a-PWV) and high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography in 271 patients with type 2 diabetes and 285 age-matched control subjects.a-PWV and carotid IMT were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects in all age-groups (P < 0.0001, respectively). The carotid IMT and a-PWV were significantly correlated with age in both the patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects. There was a significant positive relationship between the carotid IMT and a-PWV in both the patients (r = 0.482, P < 0.0001) and control subjects (r = 0.424, P < 0.0001). The slope of the regression line for the carotid IMT to the a-PWV was significantly steeper in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis in all subjects showed that age, diabetic state, and cigarette smoking were independently common risk factors for the increase in carotid IMT and a-PWV. In the diabetic patients, the independent risk factors associated with the carotid IMT were age, hyperlipidemia, and duration of diabetes (R2 = 0.232, P < 0.0001), while those associated with a-PWV were age and duration of diabetes (R2 = 0.334, P < 0.0001).The results indicated that diabetic patients showed more advanced changes in atherosis than that in sclerosis as compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. Such atherotic changes in diabetic patients may be associated with hyperlipidemia.
Coarse Particulate Matter (PM <sub>2.5–10</sub> ) Affects Heart Rate Variability, Blood Lipids, and Circulating Eosinophils in Adults with Asthma
Authors: Karin Yeatts, Erik Svendsen, John Creason, Neil Alexis, Margaret Herbst, James Scott, Lawrence Kupper, Ronald Williams, Lucas Neas, Wayne Cascio, Robert B. Devlin, David B. Peden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

We investigated whether markers of airway and systemic inflammation, as well as heart rate variability (HRV) in asthmatics, change in response to fluctuations in ambient particulate matter (PM) in the coarse [PM with aerodynamic diameter 2.5-10 microm (PM(2.5-10))] and fine (PM(2.5)) size range.Twelve adult asthmatics, living within a 30-mile radius of an atmospheric monitoring site in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, were followed over a 12-week period. Daily PM(2.5-10) and PM(2.5) concentrations were measured separately for each 24-hr period. Each subject had nine clinic visits, at which spirometric measures and peripheral blood samples for analysis of lipids, inflammatory cells, and coagulation-associated proteins were obtained. We also assessed HRV [SDNN24HR (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals in a 24-hr recording), ASDNN5 (mean of the standard deviation in all 5-min segments of a 24-hr recording)] with four consecutive 24-hr ambulatory electrocardiogram measurements. Linear mixed models with a spatial covariance matrix structure and a 1-day lag were used to assess potential associations between PM levels and cardiopulmonary end points.For a 1-microg/m(3) increase in coarse PM, SDNN24HR, and ASDNN5 decreased 3.36% (p = 0.02), and 0.77%, (p = 0.05) respectively. With a 1-microg/m(3) increase in coarse PM, circulating eosinophils increased 0.16% (p = 0.01), triglycerides increased 4.8% (p = 0.02), and very low-density lipoprotein increased 1.15% (p = 0.01). No significant associations were found with fine PM, and none with lung function.These data suggest that small temporal increases in ambient coarse PM are sufficient to affect important cardiopulmonary and lipid parameters in adults with asthma. Coarse PM may have underappreciated health effects in susceptible populations.
Arterial desaturation dependent on posture
Authors: L. D. Abrams, R. B. Cole, G. Cumming, L. K. Harding, E. Housley, K. Prowse
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A 60-year-old woman developed subacute bacterial endocarditis following a minor operation. She presented the unusual picture of breathlessness with cyanosis related to posture, confirmed by laboratory measurement. She had an atrial septal defect with right-to-left shunt, and had sustained multiple pulmonary infarcts, resulting in the obliteration of a large section of her pulmonary vascular bed. The puzzling absence of pulmonary hypertension was explained by tricuspid incompetence, although there was no clinical evidence of this, and on two occasions the right atrial pressure tracing was normal. The use of a balloon catheter to predict the results of operation is described. At operation the severely damaged tricuspid valve was replaced, and the septal defect was closed. There was an immediate improvement in the arterial oxygen tension after operation. She subsequently survived an episode of ventricular fibrillation, left hospital 11 months after her original admission and is now leading a normal life.
Mutations Induced by Ancient DNA Extracts?
Authors: D. Serre, M. Hofreiter, S. Pääbo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

We have investigated whether some factor in ancient DNA extracts induces site-specific mutations in modern DNA. We find no evidence for higher mutation rates when extracts from three different Pleistocene mammals are added to modern DNA than when water or extraction blanks are added. We also fail to find evidence that any such factor affects ancient DNA sequences determined from the same extracts. This as well as the patterns of nucleotide substitutions seen in DNA sequences determined from hundreds of other specimens leads us to doubt that a previously unknown mutagenic factor can be a general feature of extracts from old tissues.
Hemodynamics in Patent Ductus Arteriosus Without a Murmur
Authors: JOHN T. SHEPHERD, WILLIAM H. WEIDMAN, EDMUND C. BURKE, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The clinical and hemodynamic features are described in a 7½-year-old boy who had a patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension without a murmur. Values for oxygen saturation of the blood and dye-dilution curves demonstrated that the flow through the ductus was mainly from pulmonary artery to aorta. This was reversed when the patient breathed 99.6 per cent oxygen. Blood shunted from right to left through the ductus could be detected at the right radial artery. Thus retrograde movement of blood occurred in the aortic arch. Clamping of the ductus caused an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure, a decrease in systemic arterial pressure, an increase in arterial oxygen saturation and a change in the arterial dye-dilution curve toward normal. Division of the ductus was followed by clinical improvement.
Dr. Oliver's Article on Tuberculosis.
Authors: Edward S. Oliver
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Saranac Lake, N Y., Oct. 25, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In connection with my article which appeared inThe Journal, October 20, it has been suggested to me that I did not succeed in making it clear that the article was<i>not</i>"inspired" by Dr. Trudeau, nor written in any sense with a view to flattering him. A failure to understand this might lead to serious misinterpretation of him and his motives, and perhaps hamper the work he is doing. Let me state the fact plainly, therefore, that the article was written without his knowledge, and he knew absolutely nothing of its contents until he saw it in print. If in your estimation there was possible such a misinterpretation, I beg you, in justice to him and to me, to publish this statement at your earliest convenience.