tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROPER COURSE FOR PROPONENTS OF NEW METHODS IN TREATING SYPHILIS
Authors: John H. Stokes
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with interest the recent reports of the Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry of the American Medical Association dealing with various preparations for the treatment of syphilis. I think the Council is to be congratulated on its effort to protect the field of syphilotherapeutics from objectionable types of propaganda. The problem of what is and what is not effective treatment for syphilis may, of course, be a matter for wide difference of opinion. The questions involved are undoubtedly of great complexity. There is certainly no excuse for a hidebound traditional outlook that would restrict the treatment of the disease absolutely to the orthodox arsphenamins and mercury and iodid by the older methods of administration. On the other hand, treatment for syphilis is peculiarly a field susceptible of irrational and unprincipled exploitation. The mechanism of action of the drugs even now employed, while fairly understood by
Effect of alcohols on gastric and small intestinal apical membrane integrity and fluidity.
Authors: H J Ballard, J M Wilkes, B H Hirst
Journal: Gut (1988)

Duodenal and jejunal brush border membrane vesicle integrity was studied after in vitro treatment of rabbit tissue with ethyl, benzyl or octyl alcohol. The effects of the alcohols on gastric parietal cell apical and microsomal membrane vesicle integrity was also studied. Membrane vesicle integrity was determined from the enclosed volume of the vesicle preparations, measured as [14C]glucose space at equilibrium. Exposure of vesicles to the three alcohols caused concentration dependent decreases in enclosed volume. The rank order of potency of the alcohol was octyl greater than benzyl greater than ethyl. Concentrations greater than or equal to 10 mM benzyl alcohol significantly reduced the enclosed volume of duodenal or jejunal vesicles; jejunal vesicles were disrupted by 625 mM ethanol, whereas 2 M ethanol was required to disrupt the duodenal vesicles. Gastric apical membrane integrity was reduced with 0.25 M ethanol, the vesicles being approximately an order of magnitude more sensitive to ethanol than gross estimates of gastric mucosal damage, but 1 M ethanol was required to significantly damage gastric microsomes. All concentrations of benzyl or octyl alcohol tested (greater than or equal to 5 mM) reduced the enclosed volume of both gastric apical membrane vesicles and gastric microsomes. As determined by shrink-swell techniques, benzyl alcohol permeated duodenal vesicles at a faster rate than NH4Cl (apparent rate constant of 9.89 (0.71) X 10(-3)s-1 compared with 4.48 (0.23) X 10(-3)s-1). Therefore, reductions in enclosed volume in response to alcohol treatment could not be explained by alcohol induced osmotic shrinkage. The enclosed volume of the vesicles after alcohol treatment was negatively correlated with membrane fluidity suggesting a common causal effect, the increased fluidity increasing membrane fragility. Duodenal vesicles were more resistant to disruption by the alcohols compared with gastric and jejunal vesicles.
Meeting Report: Batch-to-Batch Variability in Estrogenic Activity in Commercial Animal Diets—Importance and Approaches for Laboratory Animal Research
Authors: Jerrold J. Heindel, Frederick S. vom Saal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

We report information from two workshops sponsored by the National Institutes of Health that were held to a) assess whether dietary estrogens could significantly impact end points in experimental animals, and b) involve program participants and feed manufacturers to address the problems associated with measuring and eliminating batch-to-batch variability in rodent diets that may lead to conflicting findings in animal experiments within and between laboratories. Data were presented at the workshops showing that there is significant batch-to-batch variability in estrogenic content of commercial animal diets, and that this variability results in differences in experimental outcomes. A combination of methods were proposed to determine levels of total estrogenic activity and levels of specific estrogenic constituents in soy-containing, casein-containing, and other soy-free rodent diets. Workshop participants recommended that researchers pay greater attention to the type of diet being used in animal studies and choose a diet whose estrogenic activity (or lack thereof) is appropriate for the experimental model and end points of interest. Information about levels of specific phytoestrogens, as well as estrogenic activity caused by other contaminants and measured by bioassay, should be disclosed in scientific publications. This will require laboratory animal diet manufacturers to provide investigators with information regarding the phytoestrogen content and other estrogenic compounds in commercial diets used in animal research.
Disseminated Sporotrichosis in a Patient With HIV Infection After Treatment for Acquired Factor VIII Inhibitor
Authors: Mark R. Bibler
Journal: JAMA (1986)

SYSTEMIC sporotrichosis is a rare but well-recognized opportunistic fungal infection, usually occurring in patients with hematological or lymphoreticular malignant neoplasms, alcohol abuse, long-term high-dose steroid treatment, or diabetes mellitus.<sup>1-3</sup>We describe a woman who became infected with human immunodeficiency virus ([HIV], formerly denoted human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus) following transfusion therapy for an acquired factor VIII inhibitor and who developed disseminated cutaneous sporotrichosis three years later. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 71-year-old woman was initially seen in March 1986 with a four-month history of progressive fatigue, weight loss, fever, and multiple enlarging cutaneous ulcers. More recently she had also noted night sweats, nonproductive cough, left shoulder pain, and painless right ankle swelling. Three years before admission to the hospital, in December 1982, gross cutaneous hemorrhage developed, and she was found to have an acquired factor VIII inhibitor of high titer (25 Bethesda units) with a residual plasma factor
Hard Lessons Learned
Authors: William J. Waters, John T. Tierney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

IN the 1960s, health planning was primarily oriented to the issue of expanding access to medical care. In those days, grass-roots health planners were relatively oblivious to health-care economics and perverse health-system incentives. However, the fixation on the so-called crisis in health-care costs in the 1970s caused an abrupt reorientation of health-planning agencies from the issue of access to that of the bottom line. During this latter phase of health planning a number of lessons have been learned the hard way. Although some of those lessons and prescriptions for the future seem obvious now, they were not so obvious in . . .
Stimulated Activation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor In Vivo in Balloon-Injured Arteries
Authors: Jun-ichi Abe, Jun-o Deguchi, Takeo Matsumoto, Noriko Takuwa, Masakuni Noda, Minoru Ohno, Masatoshi Makuuchi, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Yoh Takuwa
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) have been postulated to be important mediators of neointimal formation in balloon-injured artery. Binding of growth factors to their receptors activates intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of receptors themselves and cellular substrate proteins. We investigated in vivo activities of growth factors by determining the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of growth factor receptors and substrate proteins in injured artery. Methods and Results Rat balloon-injured carotid artery was analyzed for phosphotyrosine content of PDGF α- and β-receptors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by immunoprecipitation and anti-phosphotyrosine Western blot. The development of intimal thickening after deendothelializing balloon catheterization of rat carotid artery was accompanied by transient twofold to threefold increases in the extent of tyrosyl phosphorylation of PDGF α- and β-receptors but not EGF receptor or IRS-1. The AT 1 angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonist TCV-116 markedly inhibited both tyrosyl phosphorylation of PDGF α- and β-receptors and intimal thickening. The AT 1 antagonist reduced mRNA levels of both PDGF-A and -B chains in injured arteries. Conclusions The present study provides direct evidence for increased PDGF activities in injured artery in situ and the involvement of Ang II in stimulated activation of PDGF receptors. These results are consistent with the pathogenetic role for PDGF in intimal thickening.
The use of hydrogel microparticles to sequester and concentrate bacterial antigens in a urine test for Lyme disease
Authors: Temple A. Douglas, Davide Tamburro, Claudia Fredolini, Benjamin H. Espina, Benjamin S. Lepene, Leopold Ilag, Virginia Espina, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Lance A. Liotta, Alessandra Luchini
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Antimalarial properties of bredinin. Prediction based on identification of differences in human host-parasite purine metabolism.
Authors: H K Webster, J M Whaun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Human malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum) grown in continuous erythrocyte culture utilize hypoxanthine for synthesis of both guanosine and adenosine nucleotides. Unlike the mature human erythrocyte, the malaria parasite depends on a constant supply of guanylates, primarily for synthesis of nucleic acids. This parasite specific requirement for guanylates led us to predict that a block in the hypoxanthine to guanosine monophosphate pathway would be selectively lethal to the parasite. Bredinin (4-carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranyosyl-imidazolium-5-olate) inhibited the synthesis of guanosine monophosphate from inosine monophosphate by parasitized erythrocytes. This block in guanylate synthesis was fatal to both a drug-sensitive (FCR-3) and a drug-resistant (VNS) strain of the malaria parasite at a bredinin concentration of 50 microM, arresting growth of the parasite at the trophozoite stage of development. These studies emphasize the essential role of guanylates and their synthesis from hypoxanthine in the metabolism of malaria parasite. They further suggest that bredinin or similar agents that selectively interfere with parasite guanylate metabolism may have potential for antimalarial chemotherapy.
Comparative responses of tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips to histamine and carbachol in vitro.
Authors: J M Drazen, M W Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The responses of isolated guinea pig tracheal spirals and parenchymal strips to histamine and carbachol were compared. The parenchymal strip, a 1.5 x 1.5 x 20-mm strip cut from the periphery of the lung, constricted at a lower dose and had a larger maximal response to histamine than to carbachol. In contrast, the response of the tracheal spiral to equimolar doses of histamine or carbachol was the same. The responsiveness of both muscle strips to histamine was decreased by treatment with the H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine (0.1 micrometer), and the response to carbachol was blocked by treatment with atropine (0.1 micrometer). Indomethacin (3 micrometer), cimetidine (1 micrometer), propranolol (10 micrometer), and N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) (4 micrometer) did not alter the differential response of the two strips to histamine and carbachol. The differential response of parenchymal strips with many, few, or no conducting airways and blood vessels was identical, suggesting that the contractile element is alveolar duct smooth muscle or alveolar contractile elements. This differential pharmacologic response in vitro is consistent with the in vivo observation that histamine causes more peripheral airway constriction than does acetylcholine.
Measurement of Inorganic Pyrophosphate in Biological Fluids, ELEVATED LEVELS IN SOME PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS, PSEUDOGOUT, ACROMEGALY, AND UREMIA
Authors: Donald C. Silcox, Daniel J. McCarty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A rapid and relatively simple method for measurement of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) in biological samples has been described. The mean +/-SEM of plasma samples from 94 normal subjects was 1.8+/-0.06 muM, giving a normal range (99% confidence limits) of 0.16 - 3.40 mumol/liter. Analysis of 17 plasma samples in duplicate showed a standard deviation of 0.18, giving a 99% probability that a single determination of plasma PPi would be +/-0.68 muM of the true value. The mean PPi levels in plasma from subjects with osteoarthritis, pseudogout, acromegaly, and uremia were significantly greater than the normal mean (P < 0.01). Samples from rheumatoid arthritis showed PPi levels distributed about a mean identical to the normal mean. Plasma inorganic orthophosphate levels correlated positively with PPi levels in samples from normal subjects and in samples from patients with osteoarthritis, pseudogout, and uremia, but not with acromegaly. This correlation was statistically significant only in the normal samples and in those from patients with osteoarthritis.
1168-164 Relation of diastolic strain measurements by Doppler echocardiography to myocardial structure and function in healing canine infarcts: Implications for the assessment of myocardial viability
Authors: Tae-Ho Park, Sherif F Nagueh, Dirar S Khoury, Helen A Kopelen, Spyridon Akrivakis, Kamal Nasser, Guofeng Ren, Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Diagnosis of Deep-Vein Thrombosis Using an Objective Doppler Method
Authors: Anthonie W.A. Lensing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To determine the diagnostic criteria (phase I) and to assess the accuracy (phase II) of an objective Doppler-Valsalva pressure method as compared with contrast venography for the diagnosis of acute deep-leg-vein thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients. Design: A two-phase prospective study in consecutive patients. Doppler ultrasound strip-chart recordings and venograms were independently analyzed by experienced observers. Setting: Referral-based medical clinics at university medical centers. Patients: One hundred and ten (phase I) and one hundred and fifty-five (phase II) patients who had clinically suspected venous thrombosis and were referred by their general practitioners were included. Methods and Measurements: A normal Doppler test result was defined as a cyclic spontaneous signal (S-signal), a continuous S-signal with a Valsalva pressure of less than 6.5 mm Hg, or an absent S-signal with flow after cessation of the Valsalva maneuver. A continuous S-signal with a Valsalva pressure of 6.5 mm Hg or more or an absent S-signal without flow after cessation of the Valsalva maneuver were defined as abnormal test results. The accuracy indices for proximal vein thrombosis in phase II (155 patients; prevalence, 31%) were sensitivity, 91% (95% CI, 79% to 98%), and specificity, 99% (CI, 97% to 100%). All 3 patients with isolated calf-vein thrombosis had normal Doppler test results. Conclusions: The objective Doppler method is an accurate, reproducible, and simple method for detection of venous thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients.
FDA Might Consider Restrictions on Menthol Cigarettes
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In vitro hemocompatibility studies of drug-loaded poly-(l-lactic acid) fibers
Authors: K.T. Nguyen, S.-H. Su, A. Sheng, D. Wawro, N.D. Schwade, C.F. Brouse, P.E. Greilich, L. Tang, R.C. Eberhart
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Detergents and the Skin
Authors: Niels Hjorth, D. S. Wilkinson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article Detergents and the Skin Get access Niels Hjorth, Niels Hjorth Finsen Institute, Copenhagen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. S. Wilkinson D. S. Wilkinson Amersham, Buckinghamshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 4, 1 April 1969, Pages 311–314, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13988.x Published: 01 April 1969
Rupture of a Papillary Muscle of the Tricuspid Valve Following Acute Myocardial Infarction Report of a Case
Authors: SHLOMO EISENBERG, JOE SUYEMOTO
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A case of rupture of a tricuspid papillary muscle due to myocardial infarction, apparently the first to be reported in the English literature, is presented. Anatomic, physiologic, and pathologic reasons for the rarity of such a rupture are advanced.
Head of Israel Medical Association ends hunger strike after government concessions on extra jobs
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 12 day hunger strike by the chairman of the Israel Medical Association has broken a four month long stand off between the government and the country’s 20 000 public sector doctors.

Leonid Eidelman abandoned his hunger strike on 3 August after 137 days of intermittent strikes by Israel’s 20 000 public sector doctors, who have demanded better pay and work conditions and extra funds for the country’s overstretched public health service.

Just three days earlier thousands of doctors and medical students had gathered in Jerusalem’s Rose Garden opposite the Knesset (parliament), in support of Dr Eidelman, who resumed eating when the Ministry of Finance signalled that it was prepared to make major concessions.

But Dr Eidelman’s fast, which began with a four day …
Immunization Against the Transgene but not the TetON Switch Reduces Expression From Gutless Adenoviral Vectors in the Brain
Authors: Weidong Xiong, Marianela Candolfi, Kurt M Kroeger, Mariana Puntel, Sonali Mondkar, Daniel Larocque, Chunyan Liu, James F Curtin, Donna Palmer, Philip Ng, Pedro R Lowenstein, Maria G Castro
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Immune responses against vectors or encoded transgenes can impose limitations on gene therapy. We demonstrated that tetracycline-regulated high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-Ads) sustain regulated transgene expression in the brain even in the presence of systemic pre-existing immune responses against adenoviruses. In this study we assessed whether systemic pre-existing immune responses against the transgene products, i.e., beta-Gal or the tetracycline-dependent (TetON) regulatory transcription factors (rtTA2(S)M2 and the tTS(Kid)), affect transgene expression levels and the safety profile of HC-Ads in the brain. We pre-immunized mice with plasmids encoding the TetON switch expressing rtTA2(S)M2 and the tTS(Kid) or beta-Gal. HC-Ads expressing beta-Gal under the control of the TetON switch were then injected into the striatum. We assessed levels and distribution of beta-Gal expression, and evaluated local inflammation and neuropathological changes. We found that systemic immunity against beta-Gal, but not against the TetON switch, led to inflammation and reduction of transgene expression in the striatum. Therefore, the regulatory TetON switch appears to be safe to use, and capable of sustaining transgene expression in the brain even in the presence of an immune response against its components. Systemic immunity against the transgene had the effect of curtailing its expression, thereby affecting the efficacy and safety of gene delivery to the brain. This factor should be considered when developing gene therapies for neurological use.
Abstract 3092: DSG3 facilitates cancer cell growth and invasion through DSG3-plakoglobin-TCF signaling pathway
Authors: Ann Joy Cheng, Yin Ju Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DSDSG3 has been reported to act as an oncogene in head and neck cancers (HNCs), but the underlying mechanism of its oncogenic activity is unclear. In this study, we aimed to validate the proposed oncogenic function of DSG3 and investigate its downstream regulatory mechanisms. When we stably transfected HNC cells with a short hairpin DSG3-RNAi (shDSG3) to suppress DSG3 expression, reductions in cell growth and colony formation were observed, in addition to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. Both cell migration and invasion abilities were also decreased. BecauseDSG3 is associated with plakoglobin which has been reported as a tumor suppressorin desmosomes, we examined whether or not the phenotypic alterations that occur following DSG3 silencing were mediated through the plakoglobin signaling pathway. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining analyses revealed that DSG3 silencing disrupted the interaction of DSG3 with plakoglobin and induced the translocation of plakoglobin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Using a luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis, we found that knockdown plakoglobin increasedTCF transcriptional activity butDSG3 silencing significantly reduced TCF transcriptional activity and subsequently suppressed the expression of the downstream target genes of the TCF transcription factors, including c-myc, cyclin D1, and MMP7, which are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and invasion. Xenograft mice administered withDSG3 silencing significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice and also reduced c-myc, cyclin D1 and MMP7 expression. In conclusion, we found that DSG3 has an oncogenic function in HNC which is through DSG3-plakoglobin-TCF signaling pathway and facilitates cancer growth and invasion. Key words: DSG3, plakoglobin, TCF/LEF promoter, cell growth, cancer invasion Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3092. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3092
Scuba Diving Injuries
Authors: Gerald J. Duffner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The most serious injuries seen in scuba divers by the author have been those in which the alveoli were ruptured, permitting large quantities of air to enter into the pleural cavity, mediastinum, or pulmonary circulation. This results from failure to equalize pressure during the ascent from deep water. Chronic pulmonary conditions predispose to these injuries. Examination before undertaking this sport should include chest roentgenograms taken at full inspiration and full expiration.