tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P274 Seasonal variation in initiation and discontinuation of domiciliary non-invasive ventilation: a 12-month cohort study
Authors: Y. Khatun, P. B. Murphy, A. C. Davidson, N. Hart
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an established treatment for patients with chronic respiratory failure. Although the proportion of patients that discontinue NIV is reported from clinical trial data, observational cohort studies often lack these details. Furthermore, adherence to treatment and patient retention is enhanced in clinical trials as a consequence of well-defined patient selection and greater clinical and non-clinical support for trial patients. <h3>Aim</h3> To investigate initiation, discontinuation and rationale for discontinuation in patients initiated on domiciliary NIV in a regional home mechanical ventilation centre over a 12-month period. <h3>Methods</h3> All data were collected prospectively from a discharge summary database form 1 January to 31 December 2010. Monthly initiation and discontinuation trends and rationale for discontinuation were analysed across differing diagnostic groups. <h3>Results</h3> 200 patients were initiated (123) and discontinued (77). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular and chest wall disease (NMD and CWD) and obesity related respiratory failure (ORRF) were the most frequent diagnoses for initiation (26.0%, 23.6%, 50.4%, respectively) and discontinuation (13.8%, 22.8%, 41.6%, respectively). Overall initiation rates were constant throughout the year with a fall in the number of COPD patients during the Summer. Death (52.6%) and poor adherence to the ventilator prescription (19.2%) were the commonest reasons for discontinuation across all groups. As expected, death was the commonest indication for discontinuation in the COPD and NMD and CWD group and poor adherence in the ORRF group (Abstract P274 table 1). <h3>Discussion</h3> Although there is seasonal variation in the initiation of NIV in the COPD patients, this is not apparent in the NWD, CWD and ORRF patients. However, there is a seasonal variation in stopping NIV, which may relate to excess mortality in the Winter and Spring months. Further analysis of these trends is required to establish a cause and effect relationship for initiation and discontinuation of domiciliary NIV in clinical practice.
Moderators and mechanisms relating personality to reward and dopamine: Some findings and open questions
Authors: Petra Netter, Juergen Hennig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Data from further human experiments touch four open questions in the target article. (1) Extinction of reward acquisition postulated by Depue &amp; Collins's model could not be confirmed if correlating craving for, liking of, and satisfaction from smoking. (2) Intraindividual correspondence between responsivity to dopamine agonists and antagonists could likewise not be confirmed. (3) Nicotine craving and drug-induced hormone responses were not substantially correlated. (4) Low serotonin can be the cause and not just the moderator of dopaminergic sensitivity, and personality correlates of low dopamine/low MAO (aggressive impulsive traits) can hardly be related to the positive emotion associated with dopaminergic activity.
Activation of angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene expression in the left ventricle of senescent rats.
Authors: C Heymes, B Swynghedauw, B Chevalier
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND During senescence, the plasma angiotensin II concentration is decreased, but the regulation of intracardiac angiotensin II synthesis has never been investigated. The purpose of this work was to determine the cardiac content of both angiotensinogen (ANG) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNAs in 24-month-old Wistar rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Total cardiac RNAs and known amounts of ANG and ACE mRNA transcripts, used as standards, were hybridized on slot blots with specific cDNA probes. The quantities of ANG and ACE mRNA were evaluated from the regression lines obtained with fragments of ANG and ACE mRNA in vitro transcripts. With aging, while the overall plasma renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity decreased, in the left ventricle (LV) the amounts of ANG and ACE mRNAs were increased by fivefold (P &lt; .01) and 2.5-fold (P &lt; .01), respectively, compared with young adult controls. By contrast, in the right ventricle (RV) the same mRNA levels remained unchanged. In parallel, we also found an enhanced expression of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in the LV but not in the RV. CONCLUSIONS During senescence, the depressed circulating RAS activity is in contrast to the increase of both ANG and ACE mRNA levels in the LV. Such an upregulation in both gene activities is more likely to be related to the age-associated changes in arterial compliance rather than to hormonal changes, since (1) this regulation is found only in the LV and (2) the same pattern of regulation is also observed for the ANF mRNA level.
Abstract 2116: The Cables1 protein complex couples survival signaling to cell death machinery
Authors: Zhi Shi, Hae Ryoun Park, Yuhong Du, Haian Fu, Fadlo R. Khuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cables1 is a candidate tumor suppressor and functions as a negative regulator of cell growth through inhibition of Cdks. Indeed, loss of Cables1 expression has been observed with high frequency in many cancers. However, little is known about how Cables1 itself is regulated. Here we report that Cables1 is regulated by a phosphorylation-dependent, 14-3-3-mediated mechanism. Further studies through mutational analysis have led to the identification of two residues of Cables1 that are critical for 14-3-3 binding. These residues of Cables1 serve as a substrate of serine/threonine kinase Akt. Akt could directly bind to and phosphorylate Cables1, recruiting 14-3-3 to the complex. Moreover, Cables1 overepxression induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell growth in part through stabilizing p21 and decreasing Cdk2 kinase activity. Activated Akt is able to prevent cell apoptosis induced by Cables1. Importantly, the level of phosphorylated Cables1 has been correlated with that of pAkt in human lung cancer patient tissues, supporting a potentially significant event in lung cancer tumorigenesis. Together, our results suggest a dynamic regulatory system by which activated Akt phosphorylates Cables1 and recruits 14-3-3 to neutralize a potent tumor suppressor function. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2116. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2116
Effect of Inotropic Agents on the Localized Dyskinesis of Acutely Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: RICHARD E. KERBER, FRANCOIS M. ABBOUD, MELVIN L. MARCUS, DWAIN L. ECKBERG
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The response of the segmental dyskinesis of acutely ischemic myocardium to inotropic agents has not been well characterized. We studied this in detail in open-chest anesthetized dogs. Acute myocardial ischemia was produced by coronary ligation and confirmed by histologic studies. Ultrasound recordings obtained by direct reflection off the ischemic posterior wall revealed characteristic dyskinesis: aneurysmal bulging during isometric contraction and markedly reduced mean posterior wall velocity (PWVm), and excursion during ventricular ejection. Isoproterenol (I), norepinephrine (N), ouabain (O), glucagon (G), and propranolol (P) were then administered intravenously in graded doses. The response to these agents consisted of two discordant elements. There was a significant ( P &lt; 0.01) increase in aneurysmal bulging during isometric contraction with isoproterenol (5 ± 0 to 6 ± 0 mm) and ouabain (4 ± 0 to 5 ± 0 mm). However, during the ventricular ejection phase PWVm increased with isoproterenol (12 ± 1 to 26 ± 2 mm/sec), glucagon (12 ± 2 to 22 ± 2 mm/sec), norepinephrine (12 ± 1 to 17 ± 1 mm/sec), and ouabain (8 ± 1 to 12 ± 2 mm/sec). Simultaneous hemodynamic measurements showed the drugs elevated cardiac output (G &gt; I &gt; 0) and left ventricular dp/dt ( I &gt; G &gt; N). Inotropic agents thus have two opposing effects on the dyskinesis of acutely ischemic myocardium: increased aneurysmal bulging during isometric contraction, but improved wall velocity during ventricular ejection. The latter contributes to the drug-induced improvement in over-all ventricular performance and also indicates that acutely ischemic myocardium retains the capacity to respond to pharmacologic stimuli.
Dual HIV-1 infection associated with rapid disease progression
Authors: Geoffrey S Gottlieb, David C Nickle, Mark A Jensen, Kim G Wong, Jandre Grobler, Fusheng Li, Shan-Lu Liu, Cecilia Rademeyer, Gerald H Learn, Salim S Abdool Karim, Carolyn Williamson, Lawrence Corey, Joseph B Margolick, James I Mullins
Journal: The Lancet (2004)
THE DEFECTIVE CLASSES AND LEGISLATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS.Read before the Bureau County (Ill.) Medical Society.
Authors: BOERNE BETTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I do not intend to enter into a discussion of some abstruse medical problem, neither do I contemplate engaging your attention with a learned dissertation on any particular subject. I desire merely to touch upon the A, B, C, of sociology, as far as it pertains to the care and improvement of the so-called  classes. Later on, I will deal more at length with the subject which lies nearest my heart, the blind, and determine why there are so many of these afflicted beings in the world and how we can prevent this sad misfortune. Under the term, defective classes, we commonly understand all those individuals who, either owing to some physical infirmity or mental defect, are rendered unable to take up the battle of life on an equal footing with the remainder of mankind. They are handicapped in the struggle for existence. Under this category we must place
Hypertension and Hormone Mechanisms
Authors: Edgar V. Lerma
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction
Authors: S. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Claude Sureau, Francoise Shenfield John Libbey Eurotext, Ffr 160, pp 377 ISBN 2 7420 0086 0

With increasing inter-European contacts, the challenges of cross-cultural exchange of ideas grow. Ethical Aspects of Human Reproduction, produced from an international symposium organised by the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, represents both the very best of these collaborations and the difficulties. The impressive list of renowned international delegates from around the world (all European countries, Canada, United States, …
Long-term predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events with coronary artery disease and 'desirable' levels of plasma total cholesterol.
Authors: M Miller, A Seidler, P O Kwiterovich, T A Pearson
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at considerable risk for subsequent cardiovascular events. Although hyperlipidemia accentuates the risk, predictors of subsequent events with CAD and desirable total cholesterol (TC) (less than 5.2 mmol/l) have not been assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS A survival analysis was performed in a subset of 740 consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic coronary arteriography between 1977 and 1978. Eight-three men and 24 women with angiographically documented CAD and desirable TC were followed for subsequent cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Over a 13-year period, 75% of CAD subjects with reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (less than 0.9 mmol/l) developed a subsequent cardiovascular event compared with 45% of those with HDL-C greater than or equal to 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.002). A Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly greater survival from cardiovascular end points in patients with baseline levels of HDL-C greater than or equal to 0.9 mmol/l (p = 0.005). After 11 variables were tested, an age-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model identified two pairs of independent predictors of subsequent cardiovascular events: they were a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 35% (relative risk [RR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8, 15.3; p less than 0.001) and reduced HDL-C (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2, 3.3; p = 0.01) in the first model and LVEF less than 35% (RR, 6.5; 95% CI, 2.7, 15.6; p less than 0.001) and TC:HDL ratio greater than or equal to 5.5 (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1, 3.1; p = 0.02) in the second model. CONCLUSIONS Low HDL-C (or high TC:HDL-C) is strongly predictive of subsequent cardiovascular events in subjects with CAD, despite desirable TC. As such, identification of this potentially modifiable risk factor should be actively pursued in this high-risk subgroup.
221 NEW CUTOFF VALUES FOR SARCOPENIA FOR PREDICTING 6-MONTH MORTALITY IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: A.J. Montano-Loza, J. Meza-Junco, C.M.M. Prado, P. Tandon, V.G. Bain, M. Ma, C. Beaumont, N. Esfandiari, M.B. Sawyer, V.E. Baracos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
1158-54 Knock-out of P21 escapes radiation-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cell
Authors: Hyun-Jai Cho, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hyun-Ju Cho, Jin Sik Park, In-Ho Chae, Byung-Hee Oh, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Bae Park, Yun-Shik Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with mitral valve prolapse: Its advantage over stress electrocardiography in diagnosing associated coronary artery disease and its implications for the etiology of chest pain.
Authors: B Massie, E H Botvinick, D Shames, M Taradash, J Werner, N Schiller
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) frequently experience chest pain which may, expecially in older subjects and males, be difficult to differentiate from angina pectoris. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, ventricular arrhythmias, metabolic abnormalities and rare reports of myocardial infarction and sudden death further suggest the presence of an ischemic process in these patients. The recognition of accompanying coronary artery disease (CAD) and exclusion of other causes of ischemia, therefore, may be important in determining the prognosis and appropriate therapy for such patients.
Towards a medical eugenics?
Authors: M Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

life, which needs to be confirmed by testing.This applies to dried, frozen, anId fresh milk.It should be labelled as unsuitable for babies under 6 months of age; and recommendations about vitamin and folic acid supplements and a nutritional analy- sis should be available.The free availability of a product labelled as an "All purpose whole milk powder," without qualification, is particularly dangerous.
Platelet peroxidase‐like activity detected in mature erythroblasts from a patient with pernicious anemia
Authors: Masato Kawaguchi, Masaru Nakano, Yasuhiro Enomoto, Younosuke Watanabe, Keisuke Toyama
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

We report a case of pernicious anemia in which the possession of platelet peroxidase (PPO)-like activity was proved in its erythroblasts. PPO-positive cells were found in a distinct minor population of hemoglobinized (as a mean of differentiated) erythroid cells in the bone marrow before treatment, but these cells disappeared following therapy with vitamin B12. The present report is considered to be the first case to identify PPO-like activity in mature erythroblasts from the nonmalignant clone. The existence of PPO in erythroid lineage in cases with pernicious anemia is discussed.
Functionally distinct subsets of human NK cells and monocyte/DC-like cells identified by coexpression of CD56, CD7, and CD4
Authors: Jeffrey M. Milush, Brian R. Long, Jennifer E. Snyder-Cappione, Amedeo J. Cappione, Vanessa A. York, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Lewis L. Lanier, Jakob Michaëlsson, Douglas F. Nixon
Journal: Blood (2009)
Bacteriological and Pharmacological Properties of Phenoxybenzylpenicillin
Authors: I. M. Rollo, G. F. Somers, D. M. Burley
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Phenoxybenzylpenicillin (" penspek "; D.C.(B).L. 306) is 6(a-phenoxyphenylacetamido) penicillanic acid.'The structural formula of the potassium salt is: O-CH-CO-NH-C-CH
A memorable patient
Authors: S. J. Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

It was a relaxed weekday evening. The day’s emergency surgical take had been light, and I sat down for dinner with my colleagues in the hospital canteen. The evening’s on-call consultant joined us. He was a vascular surgeon, staying late to deal with an overdue amputation. The conversation was carefree, and we headed our separate ways. The patients waiting for theatre were prioritised. First on the list tomorrow would be the man seen earlier with back pain and a large abdominal aortic aneurysm. Computed tomography had reassured us that all was well—no leak. I reclined in the theatre coffee room in the company of the night’s anaesthetist.

Then the calm of the evening was shattered by the …
Human Guinea Pigs: Experimentation on Man
Authors: Amasa B. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The British physician who is the author of this book takes a clear and determined position, which he shores up with a mass of detailed evidence. His view is that clinical research must go on but that acknowledged and observed safeguards for the patient must be established in order to control an expanding minority who resort to unethical and probably illegal practices. If anyone doubts that such a problem exists, the book provides numerous documented examples of children and elderly, mentally ill, and otherwise weak or defenseless persons who have been subjected to reckless and occasionally cruel experiments. The author's moral indignation is unmistakable, but it does not prevent him from presenting a logical argument. Few if any physicians will take issue with Dr. Pappworth's ethical principles, which he identifies as: equality (the golden rule); valid consent; prohibited subjects (eg, mental incompetents); previous animal experiments; experimenter's competence; and proper records.
Iron-Deficient Diet Reduces Atherosclerotic Lesions in ApoE-Deficient Mice
Authors: Tzong-Shyuan Lee, Ming-Shi Shiao, Ching-Chien Pan, Lee-Young Chau
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Iron deposition is evident in human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that iron may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. To test this idea, the correlation between the extent of iron deposition and the severity of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice was investigated. Furthermore, the effect of a low-iron diet on the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in these animals was evaluated. Methods and Results —Iron deposition in tissues of apoE-deficient mice was examined by Perls’ staining method. The results clearly demonstrated that iron deposits are present in atherosclerotic lesions and tissue sections of heart and liver in an age-dependent manner. When the young mice received a low-iron diet for 3 months, the hematocrit, serum iron, hemoglobin, and cholesterol concentrations were not significantly altered compared with those of littermates placed on a chow diet. However, the serum ferritin level of animals in the iron-restricted group was 27% to 30% lower than that of the control group in either sex. Furthermore, the lipoproteins isolated from the iron-restricted group exhibited greater resistance to copper-induced oxidation. Histological examination revealed that atherosclerotic lesions developed in mice fed a low-iron diet were significantly smaller than those found in control littermates. Likewise, the iron deposition as well as tissue iron content was much less in aortic tissues of the iron-restricted animals. Circulating autoantibodies to oxidized LDL and immunostains for epitopes of malondialdehyde-modified LDL detected on lesions were also significantly lower in mice fed a low-iron diet. Conclusions —Iron deposition is closely associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. Restriction in dietary iron intake leads to significant inhibition of lesion formation in these animals. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of a low-iron diet may be mediated, at least in part, by the reduction of iron deposition as well as LDL oxidation in vascular lesions.
Another Misstatement Concerning Phylacogen
Authors: M. W. Horner
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the Special Phylacogen Number of<i>Therapeutic Notes</i>, published by Parke, Davis and Company, Phylacogens (Schafer's Modified Bacterial Derivatives) are said to have been discussed at the meeting of the Westmoreland County Medical Society, held at Greensburg, Pa., June 17, 1912. This statement of Parke, Davis and Company is not true. We held no meeting on that date, and this product has never been discussed by our society