tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of PFOA Levels in a Community Surrounding a Chemical Plant
Authors: Kyle Steenland, Chuangfang Jin, Jessica MacNeil, Cathy Lally, Alan Ducatman, Veronica Vieira, Tony Fletcher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is considered a probable human carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It does not exist in nature but has been used widely since World War II. It is present in the serum of most Americans at about 4-5 ng/mL, although the routes of exposure remain unknown.We examined predictors of PFOA in mid-Ohio Valley residents living near a chemical plant that until recently released large quantities of PFOA into the environment, contaminating drinking water.We studied 69,030 residents in six contaminated water districts who participated in a 2005-2006 survey involving a questionnaire and blood tests. Of these, 64,251 had complete data on PFOA and covariates. We also analyzed a subset (71%) for whom we had occupational history. We ran linear regression models to determine serum PFOA predictors.Mean PFOA serum level was 83.0 ng/mL (median, 28.2). The most important predictors were current (median for all districts, 38.4; highest district, 224.1) and past (median, 18.6) residence in contaminated water districts, and current (median, 147.8) and past (median, 74.9) employment at the chemical plant (R(2) model = 0.55). PFOA was higher for males, those consuming local vegetables, and those using well water rather than public water, and lower for those using bottled water. PFOA was higher at younger and older ages.PFOA levels in this population varied with distance of residence from the plant and employment at the plant. Effects of age and sex reflected prior findings. Effects of other demographic and lifestyle covariates were relatively weak.
Genetic Variant Showing a Positive Interaction With β-Blocking Agents With a Beneficial Influence on Lipoprotein Lipase Activity, HDL Cholesterol, and Triglyceride Levels in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Björn E. Groenemeijer, Michael D. Hallman, Paul W.A. Reymer, Eric Gagné, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, Taco Bruin, Hans Jansen, Kong I. Lie, Albert V.G. Bruschke, Eric Boerwinkle, Michael R. Hayden, John J.P. Kastelein
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and the gene coding for LPL is therefore a candidate gene in atherogenesis. We previously demonstrated that two amino acid substitutions in LPL, the Asn 291 -Ser and the Asp 9 -Asn, are associated with elevated triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol and are present with greater frequency in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients than in normolipidemic control subjects. Conversely, a third frequent mutation in this gene, the Ser 447 -Stop, is reported by some investigators to underlie higher HDL cholesterol levels and would represent a beneficial genetic variant in lipoprotein metabolism. We therefore sought conclusive evidence for these allegations by investigating the effects of the LPL Ser 447 -Stop mutation on LPL and hepatic lipase (HL) activity, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in a large group of CAD patients (n=820) with normal to mildly elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels. Methods and Results Carriers of the Ser 447 -Stop allele (heterozygotes and homozygotes) had significantly higher postheparin LPL activity ( P =.034), normal postheparin HL activity ( P =.453), higher HDL cholesterol levels ( P =.013), and lower triglyceride levels ( P =.044) than noncarriers. The influence of the Ser 447 -Stop allele on LPL activity was pronounced in patients using β-blockers ( P =.042) and not significant in those not using them ( P =.881), suggesting a gene-environment interaction between the Ser 447 -Stop mutation and β-blockers. Conclusions We conclude that the LPL Ser 447 -Stop mutation has a significant positive effect on LPL activity and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and that certain subgroups of CAD patients carrying the Ser 447 -Stop mutation will have less adverse metabolic effects when placed on β-blockers. The LPL Ser 447 -Stop mutation therefore should have a protective effect against the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent CAD.
Klinefelter Syndrome and Cryptorchidism
Authors: Silvia Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Health Care Is; How It Might Be
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WHILE FINANCING health care adequately is essential, says the recently retired president of Johns Hopkins University's Hospital and Health System, Baltimore, Md, "just putting more money into the system isn't going to change such things as low birth weight, neonatal mortality, uncontrolled hypertension, and other treatable if not curable conditions." What the former executive, Robert Heyssel, MD, says he finds so startling is that Hopkins practices some of the most advanced medicine in the world, "yet up the street we have people dying of hypertension, going blind from cataracts or glaucoma, and on all sides there is evidence of failure to get adequate prenatal and postnatal care. These are things we can do something about, but we haven't done a very good job." A survey among young women in east Baltimore, he says, indicates that financial constraints are not what prevent them from seeking care—most of them are covered by
PSEUDO-ANGINA PECTORIS ORIGINATING IN THE CERVICAL SPINE
Authors: I. WILLIAM NACHLAS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Angina pectoris is a disease characterized primarily by subjective clinical phenomena. There is pain in the left side of the chest, occasionally with radiation of pain down the left arm. Objective clinical methods for the recognition of this disease are generally lacking, so that the patient's complaints must determine the diagnosis. Obviously, if other diseases exist that may give the same type of pain, careful differentiation must be attempted to avoid condemning those suffering with benign ailments to the rigid regimen of the anginal patient. The importance of this differentiation is exemplified by a patient seen in 1929 for a pain in the cervical spine. This man had been confined to bed for several weeks because of a supposedly bad heart. The internist had found no objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction, but. since the patient complained of severe pains in the precordium, at times stabbing in character and often associated
Cloning of the Promoter Region of Human Endoglin, the Target Gene for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Type 1
Authors: Carlos Rı́us, Joshua D. Smith, Nuria Almendro, Carmen Langa, Luisa M. Botella, Douglas A. Marchuk, Calvin P.H. Vary, Carmelo Bernabéu
Journal: Blood (1998)
Altered tissue distribution in adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: C E Bolton
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Regional body composition was determined in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Our hypothesis was that dual energy <i>x</i> ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning could assess the fat free mass, bone mineral content, and fat mass and determine the distribution of the changes. <b>Method:</b> Height squared indices were derived for fat mass (FMI), fat free mass (FFMI), and bone mineral content (BMCI) of the arm, leg, and trunk by DXA in 51 patients and 18 age/sex matched healthy subjects. <b>Results:</b> The arm and leg FFMI in patients were less than in healthy controls (p&lt;0.05); the deficit was leg&gt;arm&gt;trunk (−18.19%, −14.86%, +0.09%, p&lt;0.02) and was related to severity of lung disease. Patients with a normal BMI and low total FFM (hidden loss) had a lower arm, leg and trunk FFMI than those with a normal BMI and total FFM (p&lt;0.05). The BMCI for all body segments was lower in patients than in controls (p&lt;0.001). The BMCI was lower in the leg and trunk (p&lt;0.01) in patients with severe disease than in those with mild lung disease. In those with hidden FFM loss the BMCI was lower (p&lt;0.05 in leg and trunk). There was no difference in the BMCI deficit between body segments. Fat mass in patients was not reduced. <b>Conclusion:</b> Preferential loss of FFM is related to severity of lung disease and occurs in patients with a normal BMI. A similar loss of BMC occurs while FM is preserved. A hierarchical pattern of FFM loss of legs&gt;arms&gt;trunk was shown; BMC loss was evenly distributed.
Methods in molecular medicine.
Authors: R K Craig
Journal: BMJ (1987)

necessary self examination that provokes a major change in the direction of your professional life.If so, so be it.It is good that such changes should be made while time is still on our side.Otherwise we are in danger of joining what Thoreau thought to be the majority of men, who "lead lives ofquiet desperation."So ifyou haven't already done so start planning your sabbatical now-and don't forget to tell your partners and your spouse.
Cartesian and empirical linguistics: The growing gulf
Authors: Eoghan MacAogáin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Jackendoff's Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution (2002) achieves a major shift in the focus and methods of Generative Linguistics (GL). Yet some of the original restrictive features of GL, cognitivism and Cartesianism in particular, remain intact in the new work and take on a more extreme form with the addition of a phenomenalist ontology.
Short-term inhalation and in vitro tests as predictors of fiber pathogenicity.
Authors: R T Cullen, B G Miller, J M Davis, D M Brown, K Donaldson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

A wide range of fiber types was tested in two in vitro assays: toxicity to A549 epithelial cells, as detachment from substrate, and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by rat alveolar macrophages. Three of the fibers were also studied in vivo, using short-term inhalation followed by a) bronchoalveolar lavage to assess the inflammatory response and b) measurement of cell proliferation in terminal bronchioles and alveolar ducts, using incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). The amount of TNF produced by macrophages in vitro depended on the fiber type, with the man-made vitreous fibers, and refractory ceramic fibers being least stimulatory and silicon carbide (SiC) whiskers providing the greatest stimulation. In the epithelial detachment assay there were dose-dependent differences in the toxicity of the various fibers, with long amosite being the most toxic. However, there was no clear relationship to known chronic pathogenicity. Fibers studied by short-term inhalation produced some inflammation, but there was no clear discrimination between the responses to code 100/475 glass fibers and the more pathogenic amosite and SiC. However, measurements of BrdU uptake into lung cells showed that amosite and SiC produced a greater reaction than code 100/475, which itself caused no more proliferation than that seen in untreated lungs. These results mirror the pathogenicity ranking of the fibers in long-term experiments. In conclusion, the only test to show potential as a predictive measure of pathogenicity was that of cell proliferation in lungs after brief inhalation exposure (BrdU assay). We believe that this assay should be validated with a wider range of fibers, doses, and time points.
Pharmacologic relevance of dihydropyridine binding sites in membranes from rat aorta: kinetic and equilibrium studies.
Authors: M Wibo, L DeRoth, T Godfraind
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The kinetic features of the interaction of dihydropyridines with rat aortic smooth muscle were investigated in parallel mechanical and binding studies. The inhibitory action of (+)-PN200-110 and nisoldipine on contractions evoked by potassium chloride depolarization was characterized by a pronounced time dependency, in which the inhibition increased slowly after depolarization to attain a steady-state value, while with (-)-PN200-110 and (+)-Bay K8644 the inhibition was almost instantaneous. To explain these observations, specific binding sites for dihydropyridines were studied in membranes isolated from rat aorta, using [3H](+)-PN200-110 as a radioligand. We found that the time course of the development of inhibition of potassium chloride-evoked contractions by various concentrations of (+)-PN200-110 paralleled the time course of [3H](+)-PN200-110 binding to isolated membranes and that the level of inhibition was predictable from the level of occupation of these binding sites. These results indicate that depolarization increases the affinity of calcium channels for dihydropyridines in vascular smooth muscle and that the time course of the inhibitory effect on contraction is determined by the time course of association with the high-affinity state of the channel.
Breast cancer trials--a new initiative.
Authors: M Baum, J Houghton, N Kemp
Journal: BMJ (1980)

described but mistaken fears about quality of care and patient satisfaction that prevents team care progressing.Let there be no mistake, I believe in the National Health Service, I love working in it, I am happy to have entered medicine in the year that it was born.I have proclaimed, I think convincingly, its virtues in several parts of the world.Nevertheless we must be ever watchful that it does not become wasteful.
Tobacco advertising ban in Europe
Authors: S. G SPIRO
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Langerhans' cell histiocytosis may cause irreversible respiratory failure due to progressive destruction of lung parenchyma and widespread cystic change.Transplantation oVers a therapeutic option.A case is described of recurrence of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis which was associated with deterioration in lung function four years following bilateral lung transplantation.Patients transplanted for Langerhans' cell histiocytosis should be followed up with this complication in mind.
The Effect of Age on the Association between Body-Mass Index and Mortality
Authors: June Stevens, Jianwen Cai, Elsie R. Pamuk, David F. Williamson, Michael J. Thun, Joy L. Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The effect of age on optimal body weight is controversial, and few studies have had adequate numbers of subjects to analyze mortality as a function of body-mass index across age groups.
Women Scientists in America: Before Affirmative Action, 1940-1972
Authors: Regina Morantz-Sanchez
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Almost a decade and a half ago, Margaret Rossiter published<i>Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies</i>. A densely informative book, meticulously researched and appealingly written, it made a foundational contribution to our understanding of both the history of women scientists and the larger issue of women and professionalization. Rossiter proved beyond doubt not only that women were attracted to science from the very beginning, but that their abilities and aptitudes were no different from men's. Unfortunately, they ultimately lost a fierce battle to rethink cultural assumptions about women and participate in the scientific community in any equal and substantial way. Rossiter's narrative was discouraging, but also inspiring. Although women wished to enter a world relentlessly hostile to their presence—Rossiter's stories of the manifestations of that hostility were often hair-raising—she showed that, against tough odds, women kept a foothold in science, working in a variety of venues, their presence and
Reply to Willem Oosterlinck and Nicolaas Lumen's Letter to the Editor re: Guido Barbagli, Giorgio Guazzoni, Massimo Lazzeri. One-Stage Bulbar Urethroplasty: Retrospective Analysis of the Results in 375 Patients. Eur Urol 2008;53:828–33
Authors: Guido Barbagli, Massimo Lazzeri
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Environmental radiation and the lung
Authors: Philip E. Hamrick, Phillip J. Walsh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

Environmental sources of radioactive materials and their relation to lung doses and lung burdens are described. The approaches used and the problems encountered in estimating lung doses are illustrated. Exposure to radon daughter products is contrasted to exposure to plutonium as particular examples of the hazards associated with radioactive materials of different chemical and physical characteristics.
Abstract 1950: Role of Superoxide, Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Doxorubicin-induced Cell Death in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Partha Mukhopadhyay, Mohanraj Rajesh, Sandor Bátkai, György Haskó, Csaba Szabo, Lucas Liaudet, Pal Pacher
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most potent antitumor agents available, its clinical use is limited because of the risk of severe cardiotoxicity often leading to irreversible congestive heart failure. Apoptotic cell death is a key component in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, but its trigger(s) and mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of peroxynitrite (a reactive oxidant produced from the diffusion-controlled reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide anion) in DOX-induced cell death. Using a well-established in vivo mouse model of DOX-induced acute heart failure, we demonstrate marked increases in myocardial apoptosis (caspase-3 and 9 gene expression, caspase 3 activity, cytochrome-c release, and TUNEL), iNOS but not eNOS and nNOS expression, 3-nitrotyrosine formation and a decrease in myocardial contractility following DOX treatment. Pre-treatment of mice with peroxynitrite scavengers markedly attenuated DOX-induced myocardial cell death and dysfunction without affecting iNOS expression. DOX induced increased superoxide generation and nitrotyrosine formation in the mitochondria, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis (cytochrome-C release, annexin V staining, caspase activation, nuclear fragmentation), and disruption of actin cytoskeleton structure in cardiac-derived H9c2 cells. Selective iNOS inhibitors attenuated DOX-induced apoptosis, without affecting increased mitochondrial superoxide generation, whereas NO donors increased DOX-induced cell death in vitro . The peroxynitrite scavengers FeTMPyP and MnTMPyP markedly reduced both DOX- or peroxynitrite-induced nitrotyrosine formation and cell death in vitro , without affecting DOX-induced increased mitochondrial superoxide formation. Thus, peroxynitrite is a major trigger of DOX-induced apoptosis, and its effective neutralization can be of significant therapeutic benefit.
Abstract 1504: Inhibition of RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) enhances radiation sensitivity in lung cancer cells
Authors: Abujiang Pataer, Xiaolin Lu, Jack A. Roth, Stephen G. Swisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have previously demonstrated that radiation resistance in MEFs is mediated in part through RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) possibly through upregulation of AKT and NFk-B. The role of PKR in cancer cells has not been evaluated. In this study, we show that the transduction of MEFs and lung cancer cells with adenoviral wt PKR results in nuclear translocation of PKR, activation of AKT1/2 and increased radiation resistance. The transduction of lung cancer cells or MEFs with a dominant negative adenoviral PKR vector blocks nuclear translocation of PKR, inhibits AKT activation and leads to the reversal of radiation resistance. Plasmid transduction of MEFs and lung cancer cells with nuclear targeted wt PKR vectors also results in AKT1/2 activation and increased radiation resistance. This effect is selectively abrogated by plasmid transduction of dominant negative PKR vectors which inhibit AKT1/2 activation and restore radiation sensitivity. These findings suggest a novel role for PKR in lung cancer cells as a mediator of radiation resistance possibly through translocation of the protein product to the nucleus and activation of AKT1/2. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1504.
A first step towards a mouse model for hepatitis C virus infection containing a human immune system
Authors: Eric Robinet, Thomas F. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Studies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, immunopathogenesis, and resulting liver diseases have been hampered by the lack of a small animal model. We developed humanized mice with human immune system and liver tissues to improve the studies of hepatitis C pathogenesis and treatment.To promote engraftment of human hepatocytes, we expressed a fusion protein of the FK506 binding protein (FKBP) and caspase 8 under the control of the albumin promoter (AFC8), which induces liver cell death, in Balb/C Rag2(-/-) γC-null mice. Co-transplantation of human CD34(+) human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and hepatocyte progenitors into the transgenic mice led to efficient engraftment of human leucocytes and hepatocytes. We then infected these humanized mice (AFC8-hu HSC/Hep) with primary HCV isolates and studied HCV-induced immune responses and liver diseases.AFC8-hu HSC/Hep mice supported HCV infection in the liver and generated a human immune T-cell response against HCV. HCV infection induced liver inflammation, hepatitis, and fibrosis, which correlated with activation of stellate cells and expression of human fibrogenic genes.AFC8-hu HSC/Hep mice are a useful model of HCV infection, the immune response, and liver disease, because they contain human immune system and liver cells. These mice become infected with HCV, generate a specific immune response against the virus, and develop liver diseases that include hepatitis and fibrosis. This model might also be used to develop therapeutics for HCV infection.
Recent Developments in Glucagon Research
Authors: Harold Elrick, Alfred Staub, Helmut Maske
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

SINCE the review on glucagon that appeared in this journal a year ago1 and recent review articles from the foreign literature2 3 4 a considerable number of interesting new findings on the subject have been described. They have established its chemical structure, revealed details of its mechanism of action, helped clarify its morphologicophysiologic relations, uncovered new sites of actions and suggested an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. These developments have strengthened glucagon's claim to the status of a hormone and suggested a variety of possible clinical uses. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the newer findings, not to review the . . .