tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calabazas: Court Jester to Philip IV of Spain
Authors: Ralph I. Fried
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One painting under another, crossed eyes... an orthopedic deformity of the foot... a retrospective diagnosis spanning three centuries. These are the ingredients that make the acquisition of a Velázquez portrait by the Cleveland Museum of Art a fascinating mélange of diverse interests, attracting the attention of the art patron, the doctor, and the historian-anthropologist. The art treasure, the portrait of the jester Calabazas (Figure) by the 17th-century Spanish artist, Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, was auctioned by Christies of London on March 19, 1965. When it first became known that this picture, the last full-length Velázquez in private hands, was to be offered at auction, Sherman Lee, PhD, the director of the Cleveland Museum, quietly slipped off to England to evaluate the painting. Christies granted permission for the painting to be removed to the Courtald Institute, where it was x-rayed and photographed. Dr. Lee then flew to Madrid where
PROBLEM CHILDREN GROWING UP
Authors: Leo Kanner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

A brief résumé of a follow-up study of 75 problem children is presented after the first interval of between four and six years. The present mode of adjustment is reviewed in its relations to health, intelligence, home and school conditions, family coöperation, the rôle of unpredictable contingencies and the complaints with which the patients had been first brought to the clinic. The need for brevity has precluded detailed accounts of individual cases which, however, are drawn on succinctly to serve as illustrations. There is hope for continuation of the follow-up of these and other patients for at least the coming decade. Studies of this nature may help to throw light on prognostic expectations, furnish empirical data about actual developments and their determinants, intrench respect for relativistic pluralism in the investigation of human behavior and show the way to the improvement of existing imperfections of psychiatric therapy and communal resources in dealing with problem children.
Misrepresentation and Responsibility in Medical Research
Authors: Robert L. Engler, James W. Covell, Paul J. Friedman, Philip S. Kitcher, Richard M. Peters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Abstract Early in 1985, after being questioned about duplicate data in two of his papers, Robert A. Slutsky, M.D., resigned his appointments as a radiology resident (trainee) and nonsalaried associate clinical professor in the Department of Radiology at the University of California, San Diego. During the following year, faculty committees investigated Slutsky's entire bibliography of 137 articles published in seven years; 77 (including reviews) were classified as valid, 48 were judged questionable, and 12 were deemed fraudulent. The majority of these papers were published while Slutsky was a research or clinical trainee in cardiology, nuclear medicine, and then radiology. Our analysis of this case leads us to conclude that research fraud, although probably rare, in view of the size of the research establishment, may evade detection, and that there are scientists prepared to run the appreciable risk of submitting inaccurate statements for publication. Sophisticated dishonesty can escape detection by peer review and replication. The emphasis on competition and the pressure to produce, while intended to advance the discovery of truth, may foster a conflict between personal career goals and the intellectual motivation of scientists to seek the truth. The scientific community needs to address the issues raised by recent reports of fraud. Each institution and granting agency must have procedures for investigating suspected fraud or unethical practices, procedures that protect both the person who reports such practices and the accused person from premature disclosure. As we heighten awareness, we must avoid a "witch hunt." Deterrence of research fraud is clearly needed, but institution of practices that might stifle originality or discourage cooperative research would be counterproductive. (N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1383–9.)
A phase 1 study of obinutuzumab induction followed by 2 years of maintenance in patients with relapsed CD20-positive B-cell malignancies
Authors: Laurie H. Sehn, Sarit E. Assouline, Douglas A. Stewart, Joy Mangel, Randy D. Gascoyne, Gregg Fine, Susan Frances-Lasserre, David J. Carlile, Michael Crump
Journal: Blood (2012)
Safety and Efficacy of Ticlopidine for Only 2 Weeks After Successful Intracoronary Stent Placement
Authors: Peter B. Berger, Malcolm R. Bell, David Hasdai, Diane E. Grill, Steve Melby, David R. Holmes
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —In patients receiving intracoronary stents, stent thrombosis is reduced when ticlopidine therapy is combined with aspirin after the procedure. However, ticlopidine causes neutropenia in 1% of patients when administered for &gt;2 weeks, and little is known about the duration that ticlopidine needs be administered to prevent stent thrombosis. Methods and Results —We analyzed 827 patients undergoing successful stent placement in 1061 coronary segments at Mayo Clinic who were treated between May 1, 1996, and October 31, 1997. Chronic warfarin therapy, cardiogenic shock, and enrollment in research protocols requiring 4 weeks of ticlopidine were exclusion criteria; ticlopidine was discontinued after 14 days in all remaining patients. The mean age of the study population was 64±11 years; 49% had suffered a prior infarction, 20% had undergone coronary artery bypass surgery, and 65% had multivessel disease. The indication for stent placement was dissection or abrupt closure in 31% of patients and suboptimal results from balloon angioplasty in 18%. Placement was elective in 51% of patients, and 10.3% of patients were treated within 12 hours of an acute myocardial infarction. Mean nominal stent size was 3.3±0.5 mm. High-pressure inflations (≥12 atm) were performed in all patients (mean, 17±4 atm). Intravascular ultrasound was used to facilitate stent placement in 8.8% of patients. Abciximab was administered to 38% of patients; 11% of patients who were at increased risk of stent thrombosis were treated with enoxaparin for 10 to 14 days. Adverse cardiovascular events in the 14 days after stent placement occurred in 11 patients (1.3%). Two patients died of nonischemic causes (sepsis and renal failure) in the 15th through 30th days after ticlopidine was stopped. However, there were no cardiovascular deaths, myocardial infarctions, coronary artery bypass operations, or repeat angioplasty procedures between the 15th and 30th days; stent thrombosis did not occur in any patient after ticlopidine had been stopped. No patient developed neutropenia, although 1.8% of the first 489 patients who were closely monitored for side effects from ticlopidine developed side effects requiring its discontinuation, and milder side effects occurred in 4.7%. Conclusions —In patients receiving intracoronary stents, the discontinuation of ticlopidine therapy 14 days after stent placement is associated with a very low frequency of stent thrombosis and other adverse events.
Administration of an anti-interleukin 2 receptor monoclonal antibody prolongs cardiac allograft survival in mice.
Authors: R L Kirkman, L V Barrett, G N Gaulton, V E Kelley, A Ythier, T B Strom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Administration of the monoclonal antibody M7/20, which binds to the murine interleukin-2 (IL) receptor, significantly prolongs cardiac allograft survival in two H-2-incompatible strain combinations of inbred mice. The results support the important role of the IL-2 receptor in the mechanism of graft rejection, and suggest its suitability as a target for immunosuppressive therapy.
Prolonged QTc Interval and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in a Population of Older Adults
Authors: Sabine M.J.M. Straus, Jan A. Kors, Marie L. De Bruin, Cornelis S. van der Hooft, Albert Hofman, Jan Heeringa, Jaap W. Deckers, J. Herre Kingma, Miriam C.J.M. Sturkenboom, Bruno H. Ch. Stricker, Jacqueline C.M. Witteman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Rwanda counts the cost of atrocities
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

As many as one million Rwandan men, women, and children were murdered between April and June this year—an event described in a new report from Physicians for Human Rights as “one of the nastiest episodes of human behaviour ever to take place.”

The report is the result of an investigation that sought to record human rights abuses as well as instances of medical staff “participating or colluding with human rights abuses.” Two delegates from Physicians for Human Rights spent 12 days in July travelling through Rwanda, examining and recording evidence from witnesses as well as sites of massacres. Their report says: “It …
Endocrine Response in the Fallopian Tube
Authors: ROBERT P. S. JANSEN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

THE FALLOPIAN TUBE has, until very recently, been essential for human reproduction. Sperm transport and capacitation, ovum transport, fertilization, and early embryogenesis are fundamental reproductive events that normally take place in its lumen. Although in recent times in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures have sought to mimic the tube's luminal environment, the still limited success of IVF carries the certain implication that more detailed knowledge of fallopian tube function may not only improve treatment of its anatomical and physiological disturbances but also should provide a better empirical basis for its in vitro counterpart. Fallopian tube physiology is exquisitely dependent on hormones. The responsive tissues include the muscle layer (or myosalpinx), the vasculature, the epithelium (or endosalpinx) and, most important, the fluids contained in the lumen. Intricate tiers of endocrine influences and responses in the human fallopian tube need to be disentangled, ranging from water-soluble, membranereceptor-mediated (and rapid) neuroendocrine, endocrine and paracrine actions on the one hand through to nuclear/cytosol-receptor-mediated (and relatively slow) steroid hormone actions on the other.
Symptoms in pediatric asthmatics and air pollution: differences in effects by symptom severity, anti-inflammatory medication use and particulate averaging time.
Authors: R J Delfino, R S Zeiger, J M Seltzer, D H Street
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Experimental research in humans and animals points to the importance of adverse respiratory effects from short-term particle exposures and to the importance of proinflammatory effects of air pollutants, particularly O(subscript)3. However, particle averaging time has not been subjected to direct scientific evaluation, and there is a lack of epidemiological research examining both this issue and whether modification of air pollutant effects occurs with differences in asthma severity and anti-inflammatory medication use. The present study examined the relationship of adverse asthma symptoms (bothersome or interfered with daily activities or sleep) to O(3) and particles (less than or equal to)10 micrometer (PM10) in a Southern California community in the air inversion zone (1200-2100 ft) with high O(3) and low PM (R = 0.3). A panel of 25 asthmatics 9-17 years of age were followed daily, August through October 1995 (n = 1,759 person-days excluding one subject without symptoms). Exposures included stationary outdoor hourly PM10 (highest 24-hr mean, 54 microgram/m(3), versus median of 1-hr maximums, 56 microgram/m(3) and O(3) (mean of 1-hr maximums, 90 ppb, 5 days (greater than or equal to)120 ppb). Longitudinal regression analyses utilized the generalized estimating equations (GEE) model controlling for autocorrelation, day of week, outdoor fungi, and weather. Asthma symptoms were significantly associated with both outdoor O(3) and PM(10) in single pollutant- and co-regressions, with 1-hr and 8-hr maximum PM(10) having larger effects than the 24-hr mean. Subgroup analyses showed effects of current day PM(10) maximums were strongest in 10 more frequently symptomatic (MS) children: the odds ratios (ORs) for adverse symptoms from 90th percentile increases were 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-3.46] for 1-hr PM10 (47 microgram/m(3); 1.82 (CI, 1.18-2.81) for 8-hr PM10 (36 microgram/m(3); and 1.50 (CI, 0.80-2.80) for 24-hr PM10 (25 microgram/m(3). Subgroup analyses also showed the effect of current day O(subscript)3 was strongest in 14 less frequently symptomatic (LS) children: the ORs were 2.15 (CI, 1.04-4.44) for 1-hr O(3) (58 ppb) and 1.92 (CI, 0.97-3.80) for 8-hr O(3) (46 ppb). Effects of 24-hr PM10 were seen in both groups, particularly with 5-day moving averages (ORs were 1.95 for MS and 4. 03 for LS; p(less than or equal to)0.05). The largest effects were in 7 LS children not on anti-inflammatory medications [5-day, 8-hr PM10, 9.66 (CI, 2.80-33.21); current day, 1-hr O(3), 4.14 (CI, 1.71-11.85)]. Results suggest that examination of short-term particle excursions, medication use, and symptom severity in longitudinal studies of asthma yields sensitive measures of adverse respiratory effects of air pollution.
Enteric pathogens and gut function: Role of cytokines and STATs
Authors: Terez Shea-Donohue, Alessio Fasano, Allen Smith, Aiping Zhao
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

The gut harbors the largest immune system in the body. The mucosa is considered to be the initial site of interaction with commensal and pathogenic organisms; therefore, it is the first line of defense against the pathogens. In response to the invasion of various pathogens, naïve CD4(+) cells differentiate into subsets of T helper (Th) cells that are characterized by different cytokine profiles. Cytokines bind to cell surface receptors on both immune and non-immune cells leading to activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway and influence gut function by upregulating the expression of specific target genes. This review considers the roles of cytokines and receptor-mediated activation of STATs on pathogen-induced changes in gut function. The focus on STAT4 and STAT6 is because of their requirement for the full development of Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles.
IMPACT OF HEMODIALYSIS AND SUBSEQUENT SIMULTANEOUS KIDNEY-PANCREAS TRANSPLANT ON CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
Authors: Valter C. Lima, Jo&atilde;o Miguel M. Dantas, Claudia Maria Alves, Rodrigo Fernandes A. Neves, Claudio S. Melaragno, Jo&atilde;o Roberto de S&aacute;, Fabio S. Brito, Jos&eacute; Osmar Medina-Pestana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Apo E4 gene linked to breast cancer
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Scientists at the University at Buffalo, New York, have found a possible link between a variant of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) gene and breast cancer. The gene, which is involved in lipid metabolism, has three variants: apolipoprotein E2, E3 and E4.

The apolipoprotein E4 variant is associated with raised concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides …
Periods: From Menarche to Menopause
Authors: Johanna F. Perlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As implied by its title,<i>Periods</i>is a comprehensive review of the menses and menstrual cycles from menarche to menopause. It covers the physical, physiological, social, ethical, and emotional aspects as well as ethnic beliefs and societal views. The author presents salient facts in a scholarly fashion, yet understandably and not in the monotonous style of many monographs. Instead, she writes in a light mode, easily readable. The reader can enjoy the material while learning, a very special quality that most authors are unable to achieve. This book is everything you ever wanted to know about menses and menstruation. The author details the physiologic, hormonal, systemic, and metabolic changes that occur within cycles and throughout one's reproductive life. She also gives the attitudes toward these changes and how people (both men and women) view and respond to them. Wherever research data are available on attitudes, moods, and productivity, the author
Tubulin as a target for anticancer drugs: Agents which interact with the mitotic spindle
Authors: Allan Jordan, John A. Hadfield, Nicholas J. Lawrence, Alan T. McGown
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1998)

Tubulin is the biochemical target for several clinically used anticancer drugs, including paclitaxel and the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. This review describes both the natural and synthetic agents which are known to interact with tubulin. Syntheses of the more complex agents are referenced and the potential clinical use of the compounds is discussed. This review describes the biochemistry of tubulin, microtubules, and the mitotic spindle. The agents are discussed in relation to the type of binding site on the protein with which they interact. These are the colchicine, vinca alkaloid, rhizoxin/maytansine, and tubulin sulfhydryl binding sites. Also included are the agents which either bind at other sites or unknown sites on tubulin. The literature is reviewed up to October 1997. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Med Res Rev, 18, No. 4, 259–296, 1998.
Computerisation and health care: some worries behind the promises
Authors: R. Neame, E.-H. Kluge
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Most clinical facilities are looking towards achieving seamless integration of services based on a clinical “intranet” and deployment of full electronic records. These developments open a wealth of opportunities and promise benefits; however, they bring with them several important concerns and risks, at the root of which are security issues.1 

Computerised and hard copy information differ in two fundamental ways. One difference relates to perception: hard copy is something we are all familiar with and feel that we understand. By contrast, information that is stored in electronic form is mysterious and therefore a source of anxiety. Understandably, therefore, professionals and the public alike are more concerned about the security of electronic records, especially not knowing where they are stored or who controls them. The various well publicised failures of computerised systems have contributed to this unease.

#### Summary points

Security remains a critical issue in respect of health information management systems: too few people understand the risks inherent in the technology, although anxiety is widespread

Patients assume that care providers are in control of the technology they use and that the technology is fit for the purpose, but there is no process of certification for this

The law can offer little useful help: it has always trailed reality, often by a considerable margin

The goal must be to prevent security breaches, because once they have happened the damage is already done as far as …
HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS ATTENUATE THE LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS VIA A REGULATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES/TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASES BALANCE BY ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
Authors: Young Keun Ahn, Jin-Sook Kwon, Yong Sook Kim, Ae Shin Cho, Hyang Hee Cho, Jeong Sook Kim, Moon Hwa Hong, Wan Seok Kang, Jang-Whan Bae, Myung Ho Jeong, Myeong-Chan Cho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Why randomise in clinical trials?
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers evaluated the efficacy of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in preventing pneumonia in people at high risk. A randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial was used. A total of 1006 nursing home residents in Japan were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (n=502) or placebo (n=504). All participants were followed for at least 26 months.1

The primary endpoints were the incidence of all cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia. The researchers reported that all cause pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia were both significantly more frequent in the placebo group than in the vaccine group: the incidence per 1000 person years was 91 versus 55 (P<0.0006) and 32 versus 12 (P<0.001), respectively.

Which of the following, if any, did random allocation of participants facilitate?

Answers a , b , d , and e are true, whereas c is false.

The nursing home residents were allocated to vaccine or placebo …
Mithramycin and Malignancy
Authors: WILL G. RYAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1981Mithramycin and MalignancyWILL G. RYAN, M.D., THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D.WILL G. RYAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THEODORE B. SCHWARTZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-279_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In 1969 we first reported in this journal the effect of mithramycin on Paget's disease of bone (1). Since then we have treated approximately 150 patients with Paget's disease ranging in age from 40 to 80 years with generally favorable results. During this interval we have observed after single 10-day courses of mithramycin the development of generalized lymphosarcoma with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia in one patient and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in two. All were men in their sixties at time of treatment. The lymphosarcoma was discovered within a few months after mithramycin therapy, and the chronic lymphocytic leukemias...References:1. RYANSCHWARTZPERLIA WTC. Effects of mithramycin on Paget's disease of bone. Ann Intern Med. 1969;70:549-57. LinkGoogle Scholar2. AUCLERCJACQUILLATAUCLERCWEILBERNARD GCMMJ. Post therapeutic acute leukemia. Cancer. 1979;44:2016. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. SVOBODAREDDYHARRIS DJC. Invasive tumors induced in rats with actinomycin-D. Cancer Res. 1970;30:2271-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. D'ANGIOMEADOWSMIKE GAV. Decreased risk of radiation-associated second malignant neoplasma in actinomycin-D-treated patients. Cancer. 1976;37(suppl 2):117-85. Google Scholar5. BIZZOZEROJOHNSONCIOCCO OKA. Radiation-related leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1946-1964: I. Distribution, incidence and appearance time. N Engl J Med. 1966;274:1095-101. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center Chicago IL 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMalignant transformation in paget disease of bonePaget’s Disease of Bone: Orthopedic ManagementSarcoma in Paget’s Disease of Bone 1 February 1981Volume 94, Issue 2Page: 279-279KeywordsBoneChronic lymphocytic leukemiaLymphocytic leukemia Issue Published: 1 February 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Strategies for Improving Sensitivity of Screening Mammography for Women Aged 40 to 49 Years
Authors: Stephen A. Feig
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Reduction of mortality due to breast cancer among women aged 40 to 49 years represents a major challenge and opportunity for mammographic screening. The American Cancer Society estimates that in 1995 alone, some 33 800 women aged 40 to 49 years were diagnosed with breast cancer. This is 19% greater than the number of women who were diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 59 years (28 300) and 18% fewer than the number of women diagnosed between the ages of 60 and 69 years (41300).<sup>1</sup>It has been estimated that almost 20% of all deaths due to breast cancer and 34% of all the expected years of life lost due to breast cancer result from breast cancers found among women aged 40 to 49 years.<sup>2</sup> See also pp 33 and 39. Proof of benefit from screening women in any age group can come only from a randomized