tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgical manpower and career structure.
Authors: C Clyne
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of thought and behaviour is, but the version of it of Dr Fazel and others is, fortunately, unusual.It seems that these doctors have found contact with non-Christian colleagues destructive so one can only hope that their contact with non-Christian patients does not upset them.Luckily most Christian doctors in hospitals find working with Jews, Moslems, and atheists quite acceptable.Most of us in
The importance of environment on respiratory genotype/phenotype relationships in the Inuit
Authors: P. V. Candelaria, V. Backer, S.‐K. Khoo, J. A. Bizzintino, C. M. Hayden, G. Baynam, I. A. Laing, G. Zhang, C. Porsbjerg, J. Goldblatt, P. N. Le Souëf
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Genetic and environmental influences and their interactions are central to asthma pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different macro-environments on asthma genotype-phenotype associations in two geographically separated populations with common ancestry.To accomplish this, two unselected populations of Inuit were recruited, one living in Greenland (n = 618) and the other in Denmark (n = 739). Subjects were genotyped for CD14 C-159T, SCGB1A1 A38G, ADRB2 Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu. The resulting genetic data were analysed for relationships with asthma-related parameters including lung function, ever asthma, atopy, rhinitis and dermatitis.The results showed contrasting magnitude and direction of genetic associations between the two geographically separate Inuit populations. In Greenland, the ADRB2 16Arg allele was associated with male-specific lower lung function, but in Denmark the same allele was associated with male-specific higher lung function. This allele was also associated with higher incidence of ever asthma in Denmark but not in Greenland. The SCGB1A1 38A allele was associated with lower rhinitis prevalence in Greenland but not in Denmark.These associations suggest that environment interacts with candidate asthma genes to modulate asthma pathogenesis in the Inuit.
Doctors feel pressurised by direct to consumer advertising
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Most doctors whose patients asked them about drugs they had seen advertised in the media felt under pressure to prescribe them, according to a telephone poll reported at the annual meeting of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.

In 30-36% of such cases the doctors gave in to the pressure, even when the drug in question was not their first choice.

The poll was conducted among 199 primary …
Vital organ perfusion during assisted circulation by manipulation of intrathoracic pressure.
Authors: N C Chandra, R Beyar, H R Halperin, J E Tsitlik, E Wurmb, B Rayburn, A D Guerci, M L Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We have previously shown, in dogs with severe cardiac depression, that modest cyclic increases in intrathoracic pressure, starting synchronously with left ventricular isovolumic contraction, significantly increase aortic flow and pressure. However, little is known of changes in vital organ perfusion during this technique of assisted circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied regional organ flow using radioactive labeled microspheres in 13 20-25-kg mongrel dogs. In the control group, after chemical induction of cardiac depression with verapamil and propranolol, coronary flow fell from 129.1 +/- 14.4 to 51.6 +/- 11.3 ml/100 g/min (p less than 0.005) and continued to decline over a 14-minute time period (flow was 32.2 +/- 11.5 ml/100 g/min at 7 minutes and 20.7 +/- 9.5 ml/100 g/min at 14 minutes [n = 6]; all p less than 0.05). In the intervention group, regional blood flow was evaluated before and after the induction of cardiac depression and also during assisted circulation using 400-msec, 20-25-mm Hg intrathoracic pressure increases delivered by a circumthoracic pneumatic vest, starting synchronously with left ventricular isovolumic contraction. In the intervention group, coronary flow fell from 119 +/- 26.7 to 47.9 +/- 13.1 ml/100 g/min 1 minute after the induction of cardiac depression (p less than 0.005). With the initiation of assisted circulation, coronary flow increased to 55.8 +/- 19.2 ml/100 g/min at 7 minutes and fell to 23.1 +/- 15.9 ml/100 g/min on termination of assisted circulation at 14 minutes (p less than 0.05 and p = NS versus control group flows at 1 and 14 minutes, respectively). During assisted circulation, cerebral, renal, and small intestinal flows also increased (all p less than 0.05 versus flows during myocardial depression). No significant increase in hepatic flow was observed. CONCLUSIONS In the canine model, manipulation of intrathoracic pressure appears to be an effective, short-term, noninvasive means of not only increasing aortic pressure but also increasing vital organ perfusion during cardiogenic shock. Further studies are needed to assess the usefulness of this technique of assisted circulation in humans.
Naphthalin in Typhoid Fever.
Authors: A. L. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Buffalo, N. Y., April 22, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Woldert's article in theJournalof April 15, on the use of naphthalin in typhoid, is so much in line with my own hobby, that I may be pardoned for a brief discussion of the subject. In August, 1895, I published (<i>Boston Med. and Surg. Journal</i>) a report of the use of charcoal and such direct antiseptics as iodoform and salol in the treatment of typhoid and, since then, I have used salacetol as the active antiseptic, in preference to the benzol and double benzol derivatives. It seems to me that the main object to be attained in the treatment of typhoid is the reduction of associated infectious processes. We all acknowledge now that the elevation of temperature is not the prime consideration, and, considering that leucocytosis is not normal to the course of the disease, even in favorable cases,
Doctor "interfered" in treatment of girl after parents rejected his help
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A consultant paediatrician who disagreed with the parents of a 12 year old girl with chronic fatigue syndrome about how she should be treated obtained confidential medical information about her without her parents' consent, the General Medical Council heard this week.

The girl's parents told Dr Christopher Cheetham that they no longer wanted him to be involved in her care after a disagreement over her treatment, said David Perry, the GMC's counsel.

But despite assurances from Dr Cheetham and managers of South Buckinghamshire NHS Trust that the parents' wishes would be respected, he continued to interfere, even …
A Prescription for a Modern Medicare Program
Authors: Peter B. Bach, Mark B. McClellan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

This year, Medicare introduced the prescription-drug benefit — the most significant change in Medicare coverage since the program's inception. As part of a broader strategy for ensuring that Medicare keeps pace with patients' needs, the addition of the drug benefit will help patients and doctors work together to alleviate symptoms and reduce the rate of complications of serious illness. We also expect the benefit to reduce the risk of related, catastrophic financial losses. The challenge is to ensure that these goals are achieved not only in 2006, but also for the foreseeable future.As the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid . . .
Rethinking Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy
Authors: Caren G. Solomon, Robert G. Dluhy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In May 2002, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial of daily combined therapy with estrogen and progestin was terminated early. The reason for stopping was an increased risk of breast cancer (and evidence of greater overall risk than benefit) in the hormone-therapy group. Far more surprising, however, was the associated increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. An expectation of coronary benefit had been a major reason for many women's decisions to use postmenopausal hormone therapy.Earlier reports had failed to show improvement in cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women with known cardiovascular disease who were treated with conjugated equine estrogen . . .
Alan Horace Rowson
Authors: John Rowson, Sam Davidson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant pathologist Ormskirk and District General Hospital (b Farnworth 1921; q Manchester 1945; FRCOG), died from prostate cancer on 2 October 2001.

After house jobs in Liverpool, he was conscripted into the Royal Army Medical Corps and posted to the British Army of the Rhine. After demobilisation he returned to Liverpool and began training in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Liverpool Royal Infirmary and Walton Hospitals. He changed to pathology, becoming consultant pathologist in Ormskirk, where he worked until his retirement. He was for many years a collector of maritime and local history books and on retirement joined the Liverpool Nautical Research Society, where he worked as an archivist. He leaves a wife; two children; and two grandchildren.
Regional adipocyte precursors in the female rat. Influence of ovarian factors.
Authors: G R Krakower, R G James, C Arnaud, J Etienne, R H Keller, A H Kissebah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

A flow cytometric immunofluorescence procedure utilizing a specific antibody to rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was developed to quantify differentiated and undifferentiated preadipocytes present in the adipose tissue vascular stroma. This method is highly sensitive and specific for cells capable of synthesizing LPL in significant quantities. Pubescence in female rats was associated with an increase in differentiated preadipocytes and in fat cell number with enlargement of the fat depots in the perirenal, parametrial, and the subcutaneous dorsal and femoral regions. A concomitant decline in the percentage of undifferentiated preadipocytes occurred in all but the femoral depot. Ovariectomy reduced pubertal adipose growth in the femoral and parametrial but not the dorsal or perirenal regions. Furthermore, the femoral undifferentiated preadipocyte pool was not preserved in the ovariectomized animals. Thus, ovarian factors influence the pubescence-associated regional preadipocyte differentiation and conversion to adipocytes. The femoral depot contains an ovarian-dependent infinite pool of fat cell precursors. These features could account for the association between ovarian hormones and body fat topography.
Effects of ?1-adrenergic stimulation on normal and hypertrophied mouse hearts. Relation to caveolin-3 expression
Authors: N PETRASHEVSKAYA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Background: Modulation of the transduction efficiency through G-protein coupled receptors, caused by external stimulation, is essential in designing antihypertrophic treatment strategies in the dysfunctional heart. We compared protein-kinase C (PKC)-dependent regulation of positive inotropic effect via α1-adrenoreceptor (ADR)/Gq protein in hyperdynamic versus hypertrophied myocardium. Methods: Inotropic (work performing isolated heart) and cellular effects of α1-adrenoreceptor stimulation were studied in nontransgenic (Ntg) and transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac specific overexpression of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-type VDCC). Results: Transgenic hyperdynamic and hypertrophic myocardium (due to overexpression of the L-type VDCC α1 subunit) were characterized by a lack of positive inotropic effect (PIE) to α1-ADR stimulation with phenylephrine (PE), as compared to a positive response in Ntg hearts. This was partially restored by PKC inhibition with chelerythrine and staurosporine only at the hyperdynamic stage. The inability of PKC inhibition to increase positive inotropy was associated with markedly decreased cardiac-specific caveolin-3 expression, and no changes in Gαq, PLC-β1, caveolin-1 and α1-adrenoreceptor expression. Conclusion: In the hyperdynamic myocardium, PKC activation may be one of the switches responsible for an impaired α1-adrenergic positive inotropic response. In the hypertrophied myocardium, the interruption of the transduction from Gαq-protein coupled receptors to downstream effectors may be due to the down-regulation of caveolin-3 expression.
Serotonin blockade in conscious, unrestrained cirrhotic dogs with portal hypertension†
Authors: Ricardo Mastaï, Bernard Rocheleau, -Michel P. Huet
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

It has recently been reported that the administration of ketanserin, a serotonin antagonist, was associated with a significant reduction in portal pressure both in portal hypertensive rats and cirrhotic patients. However, this beneficial effect on splanchnic hemodynamics was accompanied by a significant reduction in arterial pressure. Using conscious dogs, we investigated the effect of the chronic oral administration of a new specific antiserotonergic drug, ritanserin (10 mg per day for 5 days), on portal pressure and systemic hemodynamics. Eleven dogs with secondary biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension due to chronic bile duct ligation were evaluated. One week prior to study, heparinized catheters were placed in the portal vein and brought subcutaneously to the dorsal cervical area. Measurements were made under baseline conditions, following ritanserin administration and 72 hr after the last dose. Ritanserin administration caused a significant reduction in portal pressure (from 17.3 +/- 3.1 mmHg to 13.6 +/- 4.5 mmHg; mean decrease: 23.1%; p less than 0.001). Maximal effects on portal pressure were reached on the fourth day. During the recovery period, hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline values. In six of the 11 cirrhotic dogs with successful chronic catheterization of the inferior vena cava and aorta, ritanserin administration did not cause significant changes in the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. These data indicate that chronic implantation of venous and arterial catheters in dogs with secondary biliary cirrhosis is a useful experimental model for pharmacological studies of portal hypertension in conscious animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Who invented that bleeping thing?
Authors: F. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

While preparing a talk on Thomas Fogarty, of balloon catheter fame, I stumbled on information about a different gentleman who was a joint winner with Fogarty of the much coveted MIT-Lemelson prize. This person is someone who affects nearly all doctors every day. Indeed, if he had not recently died, I am sure many of us would love to get our hands on him. However, as you read on and discover what a truly remarkable man he was, you may see him and his invention in a different light.

Al Gross was born in …
Observations on LABORATORY AND HOSPITAL INFECTIONS WITH YELLOW FEVER IN ENGLAND
Authors: G. C. Low, N. H. Fairley
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Since the introduction of the rhesus monkey in the study of yellow fever by the American Commission in West Africa, various laboratory workers have acquired the disease, not through the agency of infected mosquitos, but by direct containination with infective blood or tissues.Hindle, in a recent communication (1930), briefly referred to certain patients contracting the disease in this manner, but since the present.outbreak, which started in July, 1930, involved, in addition, two of our hospital laboratory workers who had had no access to inifected monkeys, we propose to give a more detailed account of the mode of infection.So important an expe- rience justifies publication, as it forcibly illustrates the grave risk attending the routine collection and examina- tion of human blood during the first four days in yellow fever cases.Our first patient was a laboratory assistant from the Wellcome Bureau of Scientific Research, where experi- mental investigations on yellow fever were being undertaken.Infection occurred with a Brazilian strain which had been maintained by Dr. Hindle in monkeys and mosquitos for at least a year.At the time of contracting the disease, however, the only source of virus was Macacus rhesus. CASE IThis patient, who was a delicate youth, aged 17, had never been abroad; he gave a history of measles, pertussis, and varicella in childhood, of suppurative appendicitis in 1923, and of an operation for right strangulated inguinal hernia in 1929.A mild attack of pneumonia occurred in the samne year.July 8th, 1930.-At 6.30 p.m. the patienit, who was then quite well, went for a ride on his bicycle; about 10 p.m. he developed a headache, and later felt chilly, then hot.July 9th.-Thehea(lache persisted, but he came to the laboratory in the morning.Half an hour after arrival he vomited bile, and repeated this forty-five minutes later.He returned home from work at 6 p.m.; wyas very restless that night, and vomited food once.Jfily 10th.-At 2.30 p.m. he was admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases complaining of headache anid fever.He sweated profusely, and at 6 p.m. the temperature was
Lipids increase after solitary pancreas transplantation.
Authors: S A Henley, J Akhter, R J Stratta, L R Mack-Shipman, S J Miller, K Frisbie, R Taylor, J M Erickson, J P Leone, E Lyden, T Ratanasuwan, J L Larsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine 1) changes in lipids after solitary pancreas transplantation (SPTX) in patients with type 1 diabetes and 2) factors that influence those changes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Lipids were evaluated prospectively in 24 patients who underwent SPTX. Three were excluded because of early graft failure. The remaining patients (n = 21; 13 men, 8 women) were studied for changes in lipids over time (pre-SPTX, 0-2, 3-6, 7-12, and &amp;gt; 12 months). Glycohemoglobin, serum creatinine, BMI, and medications were also analyzed for their effects on lipid changes. RESULTS: Cholesterol, HDL, and LDL decreased in the immediate postoperative period (0-2 months), whereas triglycerides (TGs) increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05). At 3-6 months, cholesterol, HDL, and TG were higher than before the SPTX, whereas LDL returned to pre-SPTX levels. After 12 months, HDL and TG remained higher than their pre-SPTX levels (P &amp;lt; 0.05). During the study, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased, renal function decreased, glyco-hemoglobin improved, and weight was unchanged. Changes in cholesterol/HDL ratio, HDL, and TG correlated with changes in prednisone dose (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and changes in TG correlated with changes in creatinine (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The same pattern of lipids occurred in patients prescribed or not prescribed hypolipidemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: Lipids do not improve within the 1st year after SPTX, despite improved glycemic control and blood pressure control, and renal function is worse. These results are in contrast to those reported for combined kidney-pancreas transplantation, where lipids, blood pressure, and renal function improved immediately after transplant. Further studies are needed to determine whether lipids continue to change with time after SPTX. The impact of these changes after SPTX on overall cardiovascular risk is unknown.
Central serotonin receptors and delayed gastric emptying in non-ulcer dyspepsia.
Authors: A. Chua, J. Keating, D. Hamilton, P. W. Keeling, T. G. Dinan
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether central serotonin receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia. DESIGN--Between subjects study of solid phase gastric emptying and prolactin response to buspirone challenge. SUBJECTS--12 patients fulfilling criteria for non-ulcer dyspepsia and 12 age and sex matched controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Solid phase gastric emptying measured by scintigraphic assessment of the movement of a standard meal labelled with technetium-99m and indium-111; responsiveness of central serotonin 1A receptors measured by the prolactin release following challenge with oral buspirone 60 mg. RESULTS--Solid phase gastric emptying was significantly delayed in the patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (t 1/2 = 90.6 (SD 14.5) minutes in patients and 54.6 (10.7) minutes in controls; 95% confidence interval 24.7 to 46.7 minutes, p &lt; 0.001). Prolactin release was significantly greater in patients compared with controls (1272.7 (1039.9) mU/l v 292.9 (136.1) mU/l; 352.1 to 1607.5 mU/l, p &lt; 0.01). Gastric emptying and prolactin release were significantly correlated (r = 0.59, p = 0.04) in the patients but not in the controls (r = 0.23). CONCLUSION--Central serotonin 1A receptors may have a role in the pathophysiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia of the dysmotility subtype.
IL‐5 and IL‐5 receptor alpha polymorphisms are associated with atopic dermatitis in Koreans
Authors: J.‐H. Namkung, J.‐E. Lee, E. Kim, H.‐J. Cho, S. Kim, E.‐S. Shin, E.‐Y. Cho, J.‐M. Yang
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Eosinophils are recruited into the affected tissue of asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. IL‐5 and IL‐5R are highly expressed in the AD skin lesions, yet the reported levels of IL‐8 are controversial. Method: We genotyped 17 singlenucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five genes of the 1120 case‐control samples (646 AD and 474 controls). We measured the serum IL‐5 concentrations in 87 individuals [36 ADe (AD extrinsic), 18 ADi (AD intrinsic) and 33 controls] by ELISA, and compared the results among these groups. Result: The rs2522411SNP and haplotype T‐A in the IL‐5 gene were significantly associated with the ADe. The serum IL‐5 concentration was higher in the ADe than that in the ADi patients without any correlation with the rs2522411SNP. In the IL‐5RA gene, the rs334809SNP showed a weak association with AD, and the rs6771148SNP and the haplotype T‐C‐T of the three adjacent tagged SNPs had an effect on the blood eosinophil counts and the serum ECP levels in the AD patients. However, we could not detect any relationship between AD and the SNPs in the IL‐8 and IL‐8R genes. Conclusion: We found that the rs2522411SNP and the haplotype T‐A in the IL‐5 gene and the serum IL‐5 levels were strongly associated with the allergic type of AD, but not with the nonallergic type of AD. The association of the rs6771148SNP and the haplotype T‐C‐T in the IL5RA gene with the blood eosinophil counts and the serum ECP levels indicates that the IL5RA gene has a role for controlling eosinophils in the peripheral blood.
Hypothyroidism delays ischemia-induced contracture and adenine nucleotide depletion in rat myocardium.
Authors: L S Carter, R A Mueller, E A Norfleet, F B Payne, L S Saltzman
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Isolated perfused paced hearts from rats rendered hypothyroid by chronic administration of propylthiouracil have a delayed onset of ischemia-induced myocardial contracture in contrast to hearts from control rats. In addition, the time to reach maximum contracture is delayed, and the magnitude of the contracture pressure is reduced. Preischemia myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) values in the hypothyroid rat hearts are similar to those of control, but the rate of decrease in ATP is slower in the hearts of hypothyroid rats. Thus, it appears that in the hypothyroid state the development of ischemic contracture is associated with a slower fall of ATP.
IMPACT OF CYTOCHROME P450 3A5 POLYMORPHISM ON PLATELET AGGREGATION ON MAINTENANCE TREATMENT WITH CLOPIDOGREL IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CORONARY STENTING
Authors: Tadasuke Chitose, Seiji Hokimoto, Michio Mizobe, Koichiro Yamamoto, Takamichi Ono, Kenichi Tsujita, Shinji Tayama, Koichi Kaikita, Kazuko Nakagawa, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)