tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Among Recreational Boaters
Authors: Scott M. Silvers
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To describe the case characteristics of a series of patients poisoned with carbon monoxide (CO) while boating for recreation.Cases of patients referred for treatment of CO poisoning with hyperbaric oxygen were reviewed. Those cases that occurred during recreational boating were selected for analysis.A private, urban, tertiary care center studied from July 1984 to June 1994.Thirty-nine patients ranging in age from 6 months to 69 years who were poisoned in 27 separate incidents.Characteristics of the poisoning incidents were assessed at initial patient presentation, immediately following treatment, and with follow-up telephone interviews.Of 512 patients treated for acute unintentional CO poisoning, 39 cases (8%) occurred in 27 incidents related to recreational boating activities. Individuals typically lost consciousness as a result of the poisoning. Most cases occurred aboard a boat that was older than 10 years, had an enclosable cabin, was longer than 22 feet, was powered by a gasoline engine, and was without a CO detector on board.Carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious hazard associated with recreational boating. The installation of CO detectors aboard boat types typically associated with this syndrome should be strongly encouraged.
The Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage Study shows the value of national datasets and that data can be securely linked
Authors: R. Bhopal, A. Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2014)

NHS England’s Care Data programme poses challenges that need careful appraisal.1 Linkage of census, hospital, and primary care data in the Scottish Health and Ethnicity Linkage study (SHELS) has provided insights,2 particularly as census linkage comprises an extra important step.

We studied ethnic variations in disease risk and outcomes across Scotland. Because individual consent from patients was impractical, approval bodies and …
Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Vegetarian Runner
Authors: Michael B. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Sports anemia is a well-described but less well-known and understood complication of extreme physical exertion. Despite numerous studies,<sup>1,2</sup>the actual incidence of iron deficiency in well-trained athletes, including long-distance runners, is uncertain. These anemias are usually latent and may be manifested by a low-percent saturation of total iron-binding capacity,<sup>2</sup>low serum ferritin levels,<sup>2</sup>and low or absent bone marrow iron reserves.<sup>3</sup> We present a case of severe iron deficiency anemia in a long-distance vegetarian runner. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A previously healthy 28-year-old physician had followed a strict vegetarian diet for ten years. His estimated daily iron intake was 16.8 mg. During this same ten-year period, the patient engaged in vigorous physical exercise averaging 90 miles of running per week. He had noted painless gross hematuria following this exercise eight times during the previous ten years. On several other occasions he performed a
Sustained and “Sleeper” Effects of Group Metacognitive Training for Schizophrenia
Authors: Steffen Moritz, Ruth Veckenstedt, Christina Andreou, Francesca Bohn, Birgit Hottenrott, Lucy Leighton, Ulf Köther, Todd S. Woodward, András Treszl, Mahesh Menon, Brooke C. Schneider, Ute Pfueller, Daniela Roesch-Ely
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Cognitive interventions increasingly complement psychopharmacological treatment to enhance symptomatic and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Metacognitive training (MCT) is targeted at cognitive biases involved in the pathogenesis of delusions.To examine the long-term efficacy of group MCT for schizophrenia in order to explore whether previously established effects were sustained.A 2-center, randomized, controlled, assessor-blind, parallel group trial was conducted. A total of 150 inpatients or outpatients with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum disorders were enrolled. All patients were prescribed antipsychotic medication. The second follow-up assessment took place 3 years later after the intervention phase was terminated.Group MCT targeting cognitive biases vs neuropsychological training (COGPACK). Patients received a maximum of 16 sessions.The primary outcome measure was a delusion score derived from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS positive syndrome and total scores, the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales, the jumping to conclusions bias, self-esteem, and quality of life served as secondary outcome measures.The intention-to-treat analyses demonstrated that patients in the MCT group had significantly greater reductions in the core PANSS delusion score, after 3 years compared with the control group (η2partial = .037; P = .05). Among the secondary outcomes, the intention-to-treat analyses also demonstrated that patients in the MCT group had significantly greater reductions in the PANSS positive syndrome score (η2partial = .055; P = .02) and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales delusion score (η2partial = .109; P = .001). Significant group differences at the 3-year follow-up were also found on measures of self-esteem and quality of life, which did not distinguish groups at earlier assessment points. Attention was improved in the neuropsychological training group relative to the MCT group. The completion rate was 61.3% after 3 years.Metacognitive training demonstrated sustained effects in the reduction of delusions, which were over and above the effects of antipsychotic medication. Moreover, there were some unanticipated ("sleeper") effects as both self-esteem and quality of life were improved after 3 years. Effects on self-esteem and well-being were found even in the absence of an improvement on the jumping to conclusions bias.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN95205723.
Unexpected Accumulation of F-18 FDG in the Urinary Bladder After Bladder Irrigation and Retrograde Filling With Sterile Saline
Authors: Wan-Yu Lin, Keh-Bin Wang, Shih-Chung Tsai, Shung-Shung Sun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

: Bladder irrigation and retrograde filling technique has been used to reduce urinary F-18 FDG (FDG) activity for better image interpretation in patients with pelvic tumors. Despite the zealous use of this technique, FDG accumulation in the urinary bladder has been reported and might cause false-positive or false-negative results. In this study, we analyzed the pattern and estimated the incidence of the unexpected accumulation of urinary FDG activity after bladder irrigation and retrograde filling with sterile saline.: We reviewed 53 patients with pelvic malignancies who underwent FDG-PET scans. All of them had bladder irrigation and retrograde filling with sterile saline via triple lumen Foley Catheters. If there was high FDG activity, either focal or diffuse, in the urinary bladder on the standard 1-hour image, bladder irrigation and retrograde filling were repeated and the delayed 3-hour images were acquired. If delayed 3-hour scanning was not possible due to time restraint or the patient's inability to cooperate, pelvic images were immediately acquired while the patient changed to the prone position.: On the 1-hour images, 43 of the 53 (81.1%) patients showed low urinary FDG activities and satisfactory image quality for interpretation. However, 10 (18.9%) patients had high FDG activity in the urinary bladder, which could interfere with pelvic image interpretation. Of these 10 patients, 3 (5.7%) patients had diffuse FDG activity in the urinary bladder, which could obliterate a nearby FDG-avid lesion. All of the diffuse urinary FDG activity was cleared with repeated bladder irrigation and retrograde filling. The remaining 7 (13.2%) patients had focal FDG-accumulation in the bladder, which might cause false-positive result. Five of them had repeated bladder irrigation and retrograde filling and all of the focal FDG-accumulations disappeared on the delayed images. Bladder irrigation and retrograde filling could not be performed in 2 patients and pelvic images were acquired after the patients changed to the prone position. The urinary FDG accumulation changed from the posterior portion of the bladder in the supine position to the anterior portion of the bladder in the prone position.: Unexpected FDG activity in the urinary bladder, either focal or diffuse, may occur after bladder irrigation and retrograde filling and interfere with pelvic image interpretation. Great caution is required to avoid misdiagnosis: focal FDG accumulation may mimic tumor uptake of FDG whereas diffuse FDG activity may obliterate a FDG-avid pelvic lesion. Repeated bladder irrigation and retrograde filling, and prone-position imaging are useful techniques to ascertain the nature of the FDG accumulation.
The Levels of Circulating Eosinophils and Their Response to ACTH in Surgery
Authors: M. Roche, G. W. Thorn, A. G. Hills
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE levels of circulating eosinophils are intimately related to the activity of the adrenal cortex. Alarming stimuli, when applied to animals, are followed by a marked fall in the level of circulating eosinophils.1 , 2 Regarding the mechanism of this eosinopenia, it is known that stress leads to the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) by the hypophysis; ACTH in turn stimulates the adrenal cortex, which releases its steroid hormones in large quantities; of these steroids, those with an oxygen atom on the 11 and 17 carbon positions (the so-called "11–17 oxysteroids") produce by a mechanism as yet unknown the fall in eosinophil . . .
Alleged Psychogenic Disorders in Women — A Possible Manifestation of Sexual Prejudice
Authors: K. Jean Lennane, R. John Lennane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Dysmenorrhea, nausea of pregnancy, pain in labor and infantile behavioral disturbances are conditions commonly considered to be caused or aggravated by psychogenic factors. Although such scientific evidence as exists clearly implicates organic causes, acceptance of a psychogenic origin has led to an irrational and ineffective approach to their management. Because these conditions affect only women the cloudy thinking that characterizes the relevant literature may be due to a form of sexual prejudice.
Distribution of Microtubule-Associated Protein MAP2-Immunoreactive Interstitial Neurons in the Parahippocampal White Matter in Subjects With Schizophrenia
Authors: Lise Rioux, Jonathan Nissanov, Katherine Lauber, Warren B. Bilker, Steven E. Arnold
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Evidence suggests that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder that may involve abnormal connectivity between various cortical and subcortical brain areas. The parahippocampal gyrus is an area important for higher cognition in which a variety of cytoarchitectural, neuronal morphometric, and innervation abnormalities in schizophrenia have been reported. Previous studies have reported abnormal distributions of interstitial white matter neurons in prefrontal, parietal, and temporal neocortices, which suggests that schizophrenia may be related to prenatal disturbances in the cortical subplate, a transitory structure involved in the formation of connections in the developing cortex from which the interstitial white matter neurons derive. Abnormalities in the distribution of interstitial white matter neurons in the parahippocampal gyrus in schizophrenia may indicate an alteration in the migration of subplate neurons or in the pattern of programmed cell death that could lead to defective cortical circuitry and impaired cognition. METHOD: The authors used a monoclonal antibody against the microtubule-associated protein MAP2 to label interstitial white matter neurons in the anterior region of the parahippocampal gyrus from 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 15 comparison subjects. The distribution of MAP2-labeled neurons in relation to the gray matter/white matter boundary was determined by computer-assisted microscopy. RESULTS: The number of interstitial white matter neurons decreased with increasing white matter depth in both groups, but significantly more slowly in the schizophrenia group, with interstitial white matter neurons located deeper in white matter in schizophrenia subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate there is an abnormality in the residua of the cortical subplate in the anterior region of the adult parahippocampal gyrus in schizophrenia subjects.
ERYTHRODERMIA WITH CDEMA
Authors: F. PARKES WEBER, E. SCHWARZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article ERYTHRODERMIA WITH ÇDEMA Get access F. PARKES WEBER, M.D., F. PARKES WEBER, M.D. Physicians to the German Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. SCHWARZ, M.D. E. SCHWARZ, M.D. Physicians to the German Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 4, 1 April 1932, Pages 187–192, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09591.x Published: 01 April 1932
Health: perception versus observation
Authors: A. Sen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Obesity is an established risk factor for chronic disease and premature death, but losing weight and keeping it off is difficult. Therefore, although obese individuals may know that they are at higher risk of disease and early death, they still may not be able to lose weight and maintain weight loss. Perhaps health professionals should focus less on weight and more on how to enhance and maintain health for people of all sizes and shapes.
Serious Infections From Bacillus sp
Authors: Carmelita U. Tuazon
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Serious infections caused by organisms of the genus<i>Bacillus</i>developed in seven patients. Five drug abusers had either endocarditis or osteomyelitis, one leukemic patient had necrotizing fasciitis, and one patient had a ventriculoatrial shunt infection with recurrent bacteremia. All patients recovered. Experience with these cases reemphasizes the importance of not dismissing<i>Bacillus</i>organisms as culture contaminants, especially when isolated from blood, body fluids, or closed-space infections. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1137-1140, 1979)
A clinical appraisal of the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer by vagotomy and gastric drainage operation
Authors: W. G. Austen, H. C. Edwards
Journal: Gut (1961)

The authors have followed up 100 patients upon whom a vagotomy plus a drainage operation was performed for chronic duodenal ulceration by one of them (H.C.E.) at King9s College Hospital during the 11-year period 1948-1958.
Effects of Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation on Atrioventricular Node Electrophysiology in Patients With Typical Atrial Flutter
Authors: Ching-Tai Tai, Chin-Feng Tsai, Ming-Hsiung Hsieh, Wei-Shiang Lin, Yung-Kuo Lin, Shih-Huang Lee, Wen-Chung Yu, Yu-An Ding, Mau-Song Chang, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background The atrial musculature in the cavotricuspid isthmus is a part of posterior inputs to the AV node. In patients with typical atrial flutter, effects of radiofrequency ablation of this isthmus on AV node conduction are still unknown. Methods and Results This study included 16 patients with clinically documented typical atrial flutter. Group 1 had 8 patients without and group 2 had 8 patients with dual AV nodal pathway physiology. Electrical pacing from the interatrial septum and low right atrium was performed to evaluate antegrade AV node function before and after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. In group 1, the AV node conduction properties were similar before and after ablation. In group 2, the AV node Wenckebach cycle length and maximal AH interval during low right atrium (356±58 versus 399±49 ms, P =0.008; 303±57 versus 376±50 ms, P =0.008) and interatrial septum (365±62 versus 393±59 ms, P =0.008; 324±52 versus 390±60 ms, P =0.008) pacing were significantly longer after ablation. Elimination of the slow pathway after ablation was noted in 2 patients, including 1 with AV nodal reentrant echo beats. Conclusions Radiofrequency ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus was effective in eliminating typical atrial flutter without injury of antegrade fast AV node conduction. The atrial musculature in the cavotricuspid isthmus significantly contributed to the slow AV node conduction.
Control of Acute Gastric Mucosal Hemorrhage
Authors: Christos A. Athanasoulis, Stanley Baum, Arthur C. Waltman, Ernest J. Ring, Anthony Imbembo, Thomas J. Vander Salm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

During a 23-month period, 50 patients with acute unremitting gastric mucosal hemorrhage underwent angiography. Posterior pituitary extract was selectively infused into the bleeding artery in 37 of these patients, and the hemorrhage was angiographically and clinically controlled in 31 (84 per cent). Four of six patients whose bleeding was not controlled required an operation. The remaining 13 of the 50 patients were not infused with posterior pituitary extract, because in eight of them it was not technically feasible to catheterize the appropriate artery, and in five, associated conditions precluded therapy. Ten of these 13 patients required an operation to arrest bleeding. Of the 31 patients whose hemorrhage was controlled with the intra-arterial infusion of posterior pituitary extract, rebleeding occurred in two — in one seven days after the infusion and in the other 19 days after initial control and four days after a portacaval shunt. In no patient was it necessary to discontinue the infusion because of local or systemic complications. (N Engl J Med 290:597–603, 1974)
Lack of apoptosis of Sezary cells in the circulation following oral bexarotene therapy
Authors: S. Brennand, V.R. Sutton, J. Biagi, J.A. Trapani, D. Westerman, C.J. McCormack, J.F. Seymour, G. Kennedy, H.M. Prince
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Apoptosis of malignant cells has been suggested as an important mechanism of the action of bexarotene in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).Our purpose was to examine the in vivo and in vitro responses of patients with Sézary syndrome treated with oral bexarotene and assess them for apoptosis of the Sézary cells.Six patients with CTCL with circulating Sézary cells, participating in a clinical trial of oral bexarotene (300 mg m(-2) daily) were included in the study. Peripheral blood from the patients was analysed for in vivo and in vitro apoptosis.None of the six patients demonstrated in vivo apoptosis. In vitro apoptosis of Sézary cells was demonstrated in one patient following exogenous bexarotene.Apoptosis is not detectable in the circulation of patients with Sézary syndrome treated with bexarotene.
Retrospective analysis of the utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in pancreatic masses, using a 22-gauge or 25-gauge needle system: a multicenter experience
Authors: T. Yusuf, S. Ho, D. Pavey, H. Michael, F. Gress
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Corrected by: Retrospective analysis of the utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in pancreatic masses, using a 22-gauge or 25-gauge needle system: a multicenter experienceEndoscopy 2009; 41(06): 509-509DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214805
Overconsumption of fluids by athletes
Authors: T. D. Noakes
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Advice to overdrink may cause fatal hyponatraemic encephalopathy 

A recent report that a female participant in the 2002 Boston marathon died from hyponatraemic encephalopathy because she ingested excessive volumes of a sports drink before and during the race,1 exposes an emotive debate that has raged for more than a decade.2 At issue is how much should athletes drink during exercise.3

From antiquity to the late 1960s, athletes were advised not to drink during exercise since it was believed that fluid ingestion impaired athletic performance.2 The publication in 1969 of an incorrectly titled article, “The danger of an inadequate water intake during marathon running,”4 provided the impetus for change, even though the study neither examined a 42 km marathon race nor did it identify any dangers.2 Rather, the most dehydrated athletes won those 32 km races, as is usually the case.2 This article's incorrect title provided the intellectual incentive for numerous studies, many funded by a fledgling sports drinks industry, culminating …
Abstract 3310: Regulation of reprogramming factors by c-Met signaling in glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Yunqing Li, Angela Li, Mingyao Ying, Laterra John
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Reprogramming transcription factors such as Sox2, c-Myc, Klf4, Oct4 and Nanog have an essential role in sustaining the growth and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Forced expression of these reprogramming factors can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Reprogramming factor overexpression has also been found in human cancer stem-like cells including glioblastoma stem cells (GBM SCs). This suggests that reprogramming factors support the self-renewing and tumor-initiating phenotype of cancer stem cells. Hence, the molecular signaling pathways that regulate reprogramming factor and their support of the cancer stem-like phenotype in GBM and other solid tumors are of considerable interest. We recently found that the tyrosine kinase c-Met oncogene up-regulates a network of reprogramming factors consisting of Oct4. Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc and Nanog in GBM-derived neurospheres that are enriched in GBM SCs. Reprogramming factor induction by c-Met was observed under serum-free culture conditions that support neurosphere-formation and in cells that were pre-differentiated in serum-containing medium. Using flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we also found that GBM neurosphere cell subpopulations expressing c-Met at high levels also express high levels of Nanog and Sox2 in comparison to low c-Met expressing cells. Using specific pharmacological inhibitors of PI(3)kinase (LY294002, wortmannin), MAPkinase (PD98059, U0126), and Stat3 (Stattic, Janus Kinase JSI-124), we found that c-Met signaling regulates reprogramming factors mainly via two parallel pathways: the Jak-Stat3 and PI(3)K-Akt pathways. Inhibiting Oct4 induction abrogated the capacity of c-Met to induce Sox2, c-Myc, and Nanog but not KLF4 expression. Inhibiting Nanog induction significantly inhibited (84% inhibition) the capacity of c-Met signaling to stimulate GBM SC self renewal as measured by neurosphere formation and Edu incorporation, 84% and 61% inhibition, respectively. Together, these findings indicate that c-Met signaling upregulates an Oct4- and Nanog-dependent reprogramming factor network that supports GBM SCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3310. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3310
EGFR Mutation Detection by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Direct Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR
Authors: Chong-Kin Liam, Chee-Kuan Wong, Jiunn-Liang Tan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

We read with keen interest the article by Chiu et al1 on the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinomas with discrepant EGFR mutation testing results by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-direct sequencing and the more sensitive mutant allele-specific real-time PCR-based Scorpion Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS) which showed that 21.5% of 130 tumours which were EGFR mutation-negative by direct sequencing were found to have EGFR mutations by the latter assay.