tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3080: DBP-RB, a novel RNA-binding protein promotes microRNA processing in the DNA damage response.
Authors: Cecil Han, Xiongbin Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) and global dysregulation of microRNA (miRNAs) are considered hallmarks of many types of human cancer. Recent studies show that DNA damage such as irradiation, UV and genotoxic agents induce global changes in miRNA expression profile in a variety of cell types. DDR-regulated miRNAs are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis and also modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damaging agents. However, mechanism about how miRNA expression is regulated in response to DNA damage stress is largely unknown. DBP-RB, one of RNA binding protein is known to be overexpressed or amplified in several types of human cancer including neuroblastoma, breast and colon cancer and the biological function of DBP-RB in the cancer is not determined yet. Here, we found that that DBP-RB is interacted with not only Drosha/DGCR8 but also Dicer microprocessors. We also found that DBP-RB is colocalized with DNA damage foci after DNA damage and associated with ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated), RAD50 and NBS1 in the DNA damage signaling. DBP-RB knockdown results in increased resistant to genotoxic drugs and inhibition of cell proliferation. We investigated the level of 742 human miRNAs in the DBP-RB knockdown cells and compared with DNA damage induced miRNAs using miRNA quantitative PCR. DBP-RB knockdown cell showed significant changes in the expression levels of a subset of miRNA and in particular, 75% of DBP-RB dependent miRNAs were also regulated in DNA damage-dependent manner. RNA-Immunoprecipitation (IP) reveals that DBP-RB is associated with that specific subset of microRNAs and depletion of DBP-RB inhibits the function of Drosha microprocessor. Taken together, our findings suggest that DBP-RB function as a mediator by transmitting DNA damage signal to the miRNA processors to modulate miRNAs processing through binding Drosha/DGCR8 and Dicer. Citation Format: Cecil Han, Xiongbin Lu. DBP-RB, a novel RNA-binding protein promotes microRNA processing in the DNA damage response. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3080. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3080 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Autonomous growth and tumorigenicity induced by P40/interleukin 9 cDNA transfection of a mouse P40-dependent T cell line.
Authors: C Uyttenhove, C Druez, J C Renauld, M Hérin, H Noël, J Van Snick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

To test the transforming potential of deregulated P40/Interleukin 9 expression, we transfected a mouse P40-dependent T cell line with P40 cDNA, and examined the tumorigenicity of the resulting transfectants. When the cells, which grew autonomously in vitro, were injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously into syngeneic mice, a very high tumor incidence was observed with as few as 10(4) cells per inoculum. Animals died as a result of widespread dissemination of lymphomatous tissue to abdominal and thoracic organs. The same P40-dependent cell line transfected with a control construct did not form tumors even after injection of 10(7) cells. These results indicate that uncontrolled expression of P40 can support T cell proliferation in vivo, and may be a transforming event involved in the development of certain T cell tumors.
Introductory Address ON REST AND MOVEMENT IN TUBERCULOSIS: Delivered before the Edinburgh Sanitary Society, Session 1910-11
Authors: R. W. Philip
Journal: BMJ (1910)

FOUR years ago, enw I had the honour to deliver the introductory address to yoursociety, I directed your attention to the public aspects of the prevention of con- sumption.'It was my endeavour toshow the need which -exists in every community for a systematized plan of .antituberculosiseffort similar to that which is now .generallyknown as the " Edinburgh scheme."In responding to the kind invitation of your President that I should again inaugurate the course of winter fectures, it has occarred to me that you may be interested 'to hear something regarding the application of the great principles of rest and movement in the treatment of tuberculosis.My thoughts run in this direction because it chances that this year has witnessed the opening of an important addition to the institutions of Edinburgh con- a erned with the combat against tuberculosis.The Farm Colony-the latest outpost in the campaign-will occupy itself especially with the application of the principle of movement in the treatment of tuberculosis.It is a prin- ciple whioh has for long constituted a chief element in the regimen pursued at the Royal Victoria Hospital for Consumption.My hope and expectation is that the Farm Colony will succeed, through the longer residence and fresh interest, in rendering permanent for a still larger number the satis- factory recovery which is commonly achieved by the Eospital Scheme of graduated activity.Change of Ouitlook on Tubercl4108i.A quarter of a century ago, the conception of the treat.sment of consumption and allied diseases was entirely different from to-day.Then the patient, whose illness was interpreted as the result of exposure and neglected cold, was protected in every possible way.The pallid, worn, emaciated-perhaps heatic-sufferer was meta- phorically and often practically wrapped in cotton wad- ding and preserved, as it were, in a glass case or bandbox.The physician of that time commonly believed he " might mot beteem the winds of heaven visit his patient's face too roughly."Now contrariwise aerotherapy, or the physiological
Acute Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Stanley Mikal, William R. Morrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of 500 consecutive cases of acutely perforated peptic ulcers admitted to the Boston City Hospital from January, 1938, to May, 1950, and to attempt to present some criteria for selecting the perforations that should be treated surgically and those that should be treated nonsurgically.There were 471 males and 29 females, a ratio of 16:1. Four hundred and seventy-one patients were white, 25 were Negro and 4 were oriental. Most were between the ages of thirty and sixty, but 75 cases occurred after the age of sixty (Fig. 1). The . . .
ANEMIA OF INFANCY FROM MATERNAL IRON DEFICIENCY IN PREGNANCY 123
Authors: Maurice B. Strauss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

During the progress of studies made upon anemia in pregnancy (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), it was observed that no matter how anemic the mothers, their infants were always born with a normal amount of hemoglobin and a normal red blood cell count.It shortly became apparent, however, that after several months these infants born of anemic mothers developed pallor, which became most marked toward the end of the first year of life.Studies were therefore made to determine the nature of this condi- tion, its prevention and treatment.The results presented here indicate that this anemia of infancy is the result of maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy, which may be prevented by supplying an adequate amount of iron to the pregnant mother, or when developed in the infant, may be treated successfully by iron.The observations now reported were made only upon normal full-term infants.Critical examination of the mothers failed to reveal any abnor- malities other than those attributable to hypochromic anemia and gastric secretory defects (6).Control observations were made upon the infants of entirely normal women who were studied throughout pregnancy.(See reference (5), Group I.) Observations made upon the infants of mothers suffering from pernicious anemia of pregnancy are not studied in detail in this report but will be referred to briefly.Details as to methods employed in blood examination have been given (5).Routine examinations were made upon specimens obtained from a freely bleeding puncture of the infant's heel, and upon maternal blood withdrawn without stasis from the antecubital vein.The Sahli hemom- eter calibrated so that 100 per cent hemoglobin equals 15.6 grams per 100 cc. of blood was employed.
Strategies at Bloor Viaduct
Authors: I. Sakinofsky
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The Bloor Viaduct’s anti-suicide barriers followed tireless campaigning by patients’relatives. As psychiatrist on the planning team (1998-2002), I was cognisant of their purpose and disagree with the assertion by Sinyor and Levitt that it was “standalone” suicide prevention.1 The barriers aimed at preventing the suicide of impulsive or ambivalent people at the locus for half of the city’s bridge jumpers, who jeopardised schoolchildren …
Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased plasma circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 levels in young type 1 diabetic patients.
Authors: G Zoppini, G Targher, V Cacciatori, A Guerriero, M Muggeo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to compare plasma concentrations of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (cICAM-1), a marker of endothelial dysfunction, in nondiabetic subjects and type 1 diabetic patients and to evaluate whether chronic cigarette smoking had a deleterious effect on plasma cICAM-1 levels in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma cICAM-1 concentrations were measured in 54 young type 1 diabetic patients without clinical macroangiopathy and in 20 healthy control subjects who were matched for age, sex, BMI, and smoking habit. RESULTS: Type 1 diabetic patients had significantly higher plasma levels of cICAM-1 than control subjects (280.4 +/- 59 vs. 224 +/- 53.6 ng/ml, respectively) (P &amp;lt; 0.001). After stratification by smoking status, diabetic smokers had values for age, sex, BMI, lipids, blood pressure, glycemic control, diabetes duration, and chronic complications of diabetes that were super-imposable on their nonsmoking counterparts. Nevertheless, plasma cICAM-1 levels were markedly elevated in type 1 diabetic smokers (321.4 +/- 64.2 vs. 257.3 +/- 41.5 ng/ml, respectively) (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in a dose-dependent fashion (P &amp;lt; 0.001 by analysis of variance when subjects were categorized by number of cigarettes smoked per day). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic cigarette smoking has a deleterious effect on plasma cICAM-1 levels in young type 1 diabetic patients, which further supports the clinical importance of discouraging the initiation of smoking and promoting its cessation in people with type 1 diabetes.
Fasting Hyperglycemia and Associated Free Insulin and Cortisol Changes in “Somogyi-Like” Patients
Authors: Maria Ines Schmidt, Angeliki Hadji-Georgopoulos, Marc Rendell, Simeon MargoliS, David Kowarski, A Avinoam Kowarski
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

Blood glucose levels were measured over a 24-h period in eight insulin-dependent diabetic subjects who were difficult to control and who presented with morning fasting hyperglycemia. At least seven exhibited clinical characteristics suggestive of the Somogyi phenomenon. A continuous glucose monitoring apparatus was used to relate the concentrations of glucose during the day to concomitant levels of free insulin and cortisol. In all patients a significant (P &amp;lt; 0.01) rise in fasting morning glucose started at about 0600 h, while they were still asleep. In six patients the morning elevation of blood glucose was preceded by stable, almost normal glucose levels during the night (117 ± 2.5 mg/dl); one of the two remaining patients (no. 7) exhibited high overnight glucose levels (268 ± 7.2 mg/dl), whereas the other (no. 8) had a mild hypoglycemic episode (45 mg/dl) 6 h before the hyperglycemic period. In all patients the fasting glucose rise was associated with the usual morning cortisol surge (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and with a significant decrease in the concentration of serum free insulin (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The free insulin levels in patient no. 8 were higher, while those of patient no. 7 were lower, than in the other six patients. We conclude that the diurnal morning rise in cortisol may cause hyperglycemia in insulindependent diabetic patients if insufficient exogenous insulin remains and/or endogenous insulin is not secreted. In such patients the high levels of fasting glucose in the morning may misrepresent their overnight control of blood glucose and lead to an erroneous impression of the Somogyi phenomenon.
Plasma ratio of valine, leucine and isoleucine to phenylalanine and tyrosine in liver disease.
Authors: M Y Morgan, J P Milsom, S Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1978)

The molar ratio valine + leucine + isoleucine/phenylalanine + tyrosine was determined in the plasma of patients with liver disease of varying aetiology and severity and in an age and sex matched control group. In the control group of 58 subjects the mean ratio was 3.3 +/- 0.5 (ISD). The mean ratio was significantly lowered in groups of 25 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (P less than 0.001), 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis (P less than 0.001), 23 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (P less than 0.001), and 11 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis (P less than 0.001). In a group of 50 patients with cirrhosis, the ratio was significantly lowered (P less than 0.001) irrespective of the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. A good correlation existed between the value of the ratio and the severity of the liver disease as judged histologically, with values of the ratio appearing to reflect histological change irrespective of the patient's clinical condition. There was no significant diurnal variation in the value of the ratio. Lowering of this plasma amino acid ratio appears to be secondary to liver disease and quite independent of the presence of hepatic encephalopathy.
Two Cases of Polyarteritis Nodosa with Uraemia
Authors: A. M. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1953)

It is of interest that in the present case Nelson's trepone- mal immobilization test was negative, as this test is claimed to differentiate between true and biological false-positive Wassermann reactions.Nelson et al. (1950) state that the treponemal immobilizing antibody does not occur in the serum of normal persons or of those suffering from non- treponemal diseases.They have shown that of 57 lepers seropositive by standard tests (76% of those tested), 47 were negative with the treponemal immobilizing test.The incidence of positive reactions with the latter test was approximately the expected incidence of syphilis in the social and socio-economic groups from which the lepers were drawn.It is feasible that our patient contracted leprosy as a result of prolonged contact with coloured troops.Summary A case of lepromatous leprosy exhibiting a chronic biologically false-positive Wassermann reaction is pre- sented.The importance of considering the possibility of a biological false-positive Wassermann reaction in the absence of convincing clinical evidence of syphilis is stressed.Steps must be taken to determine the cause of the false-positive reaction.Histologically the lesions somewhat resembled sarcoid.
Case of Scorbutic Spinal Haemorrhage
Authors: P. Eade
Journal: BMJ (1881)

ON August 9thi last, I was asked to see, with Mr. Muriel, a young lady, a farmer's daiighter, aged 13, who hadlbeen long ill, viz., for four or five moniths, vith cough, expectoration, and sul)acute inflam- matory symptoms in the chest; and who was then suffering from severe pain and constant spasmodic startings and jerkings of both her legs and thighs, with which she had been seized quite suddenly five days before.At our visit, she was lying in bed upon her baclk with the shouilders raised, in a most constrained position, with the hand of a nurse firmly pressing upon both her thighs so as to keep them down and steady, and to prevent the constant painful jerkings of the limbs which imme- diately took place when this restraining force was removed.This condition, we were told, had existed continuously for the pre- ceding forty-eight hours, both through the nights and days; and, althooigh she bad been somewhat quieted by opium, yet she begged, or almost insisted, upon the hands being never removed; and the nurses had, in fact, most unweariedly kept up their irksome and strain- ing attentions, and had been kneeling by the bedside, doing this, for all this time.She was noticed to be very pale and thin, though mentally clear and bright ; and, on inquiry, it appeared that her history was bad, she having lost several near relatives from consumption; also that,
Biomarkers: Evaluation of Screening for and Early Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan and China
Authors: Peipei Song, Jianjun Gao, Yoshinori Inagaki, Norihiro Kokudo, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Wei Tang
Journal: Liver Cancer (2013)

Over the past few decades, the screening for and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has attracted attention worldwide, and especially in Asian countries such as Japan and China. Such approaches can help detecting HCC at an earlier stage when curable interventions can be offered to achieve long-term disease-free survival for patients. Biomarkers have been used to screen for and diagnose HCC in various countries. In Japan, the combined tests of des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) or &lt;i&gt;Lens culinaris&lt;/i&gt; agglutinin-reactive fraction of AFP (AFP-L3) have been shown to achieve a high level of sensitivity and specificity. These tests have routinely been used to screen for HCC and are covered by Japan’s national health insurance. Due to the routine practice of screening for HCC among high-risk patients, HCC nodules have been detected in the early stages in more than 60% of patients in Japan. In contrast, although several remarkable advances in the management of HCC have been made in China over the past few decades, most HCC patients still present with advanced-stage disease. AFP is the only serum biomarker that has widely been used to screen for and diagnose HCC in China. In recent years, several molecular biological studies have further investigated the clinical usefulness of DCP, and they have found that it may facilitate the screening for and diagnosis of HCC and assist with the assessment of HCC progression. DCP can serve as a biomarker to detect HCC in an early stage and facilitate definitive treatment. The wide implementation of DCP is expected, especially in China where 55% of HCC cases worldwide live.
Redeeming Comic Value?
Authors: Daniel Temianka
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —My standards of taste in humor are admittedly pretty low, but your Occasional Satire article<sup>1</sup>on admission of dead people in a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>was without redeeming comic value. I am sure that the general public would not be amused by this tasteless piece, which further damages the already weakened image of American physicians. Indeed, we will be lucky if this article does not arouse a small firestorm of indignation in the lay media.
Role of antidiuretic hormone in the abnormal water diuresis of anterior hypopituitarism in man
Authors: Zalman S. Agus, Martin Goldberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

To evaluate the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the defect in water excretion which is characteristic of glucocorticoid deficiency, the effects of hydrocortisone and ethanol upon urinary dilution during a sustained water load were studied in patients with anterior hypopituitarism. A spectrum of defects in urinary dilution was found in the seven patients with anterior hypopituitarism, and the subjects were separable into two groups. Four patients were unable to excrete a urine hypotonic to plasma (group I) while three diluted the urine (group II). In two of the group II patients, despite maintenance of hydration, urinary osmolality later rose to hypertonicity. Physiological doses of hydrocortisone improved urinary dilution in all patients. Submaximal doses of oral hydrocortisone, when given to the group I patients, converted their response to hydration to one characteristic of the group II patients, i.e., an initial hypotonic urine followed by a secondary rise to hypertonicity. Ethanol, a known inhibitor of ADH secretion, had no effect in the group I patients. When two of these patients were pretreated with sub-maximal doses of hydrocortisone, however, so that they were able to transiently dilute the urine, ethanol prevented the secondary rise in urine osmolality. Similarly, the administration of ethanol to the untreated group II patients, when the urine was hypotonic, improved diluting ability as characterized by a lowering of urinary osmolality and an increased excretion of solute-free water in all three patients. Hydrocortisone did not improve urinary dilution in three patients with complete hypophyseal diabetes insipidus and one with both anterior and posterior insufficiency receiving constant infusions of vasopressin. These data suggest, therefore, that inappropriately elevated levels of ADH play a major role in the defect in water excretion of anterior hypopituitarism. Glucocorticoids appear to be necessary for a normal neurohypophyseal response to inhibitory stimuli.
Encouraging Smokers to Talk With Their Physicians About Quitting
Authors: Tim McAfee
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Applying the revenge system to the criminal justice system and jury decision-making
Authors: S. Craig Roberts, Jennifer Murray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract McCullough et al. propose an evolved cognitive revenge system which imposes retaliatory costs on aggressors. They distinguish between this and other forms of punishment (e.g., those administered by judges) which are not underpinned by a specifically designed evolutionary mechanism. Here we outline mechanisms and circumstances through which the revenge system might nonetheless infiltrate decision-making within the criminal justice system.