tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vesicular Transport Regulates Monoamine Storage and Release but Is Not Essential for Amphetamine Action
Authors: Edward A. Fon, Emmanuel N. Pothos, Bao-Cun Sun, Nigel Killeen, David Sulzer, Robert H. Edwards
Journal: Neuron (1997)

To assess the role of exocytotic release in signaling by monoamines, we have disrupted the neuronal vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. VMAT2−/− mice move little, feed poorly, and die within a few days after birth. Monoamine cell groups and their projections are indistinguishable from those of wild-type littermates, but the brains of mutant mice show a drastic reduction in monoamines. Using midbrain cultures from the mutant animals, amphetamine but not depolarization induces dopamine release. In vivo, amphetamine increases movement, promotes feeding, and prolongs the survival of VMAT2−/− animals, indicating that precise, temporally regulated exocytotic release of monoamine is not required for certain complex behaviors. In addition, the brains of VMAT2 heterozygotes contain substantially lower monoamine levels than those of wild-type littermates, and depolarization induces less dopamine release from heterozygous than from wild-type cultures, suggesting that VMAT2 expression regulates monoamine storage and release.
Modification of the Interleukin-6 Response to Air Pollution by Interleukin-6 and Fibrinogen Polymorphisms
Authors: Petter Ljungman, Tom Bellander, Alexandra Schneider, Susanne Breitner, Francesco Forastiere, Regina Hampel, Thomas Illig, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Klea Katsouyanni, Stephanie von Klot, Wolfgang Koenig, Timo Lanki, Fredrik Nyberg, Juha Pekkanen, Riccardo Pistelli, Christos Pitsavos, Mårten Rosenqvist, Jordi Sunyer, Annette Peters
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundEvidence suggests that cardiovascular effects of air pollution are mediated by inflammation and that air pollution can induce genetic expression of the interleukin-6 gene (IL6).ObjectivesWe investigated whether IL6 and fibrinogen gene variants can affect plasma IL-6 responses to air pollution in patients with cardiovascular disease.MethodsWe repeatedly determined plasma IL-6 in 955 myocardial infarction survivors from six European cities (n = 5,539). We conducted city-specific analyses using additive mixed models adjusting for patient characteristics, time trend, and weather to assess the impact of air pollutants on plasma IL-6. We pooled city-specific estimates using meta-analysis methodology. We selected three IL6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one SNP each from the fibrinogen α-chain gene (FGA) and β-chain gene (FGB) for gene–environment analyses.ResultsWe found the most consistent modifications for variants in IL6 rs2069832 and FBG rs1800790 after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO; 24-hr average; p-values for interaction, 0.034 and 0.019, respectively). Nitrogen dioxide effects were consistently modified, but p-values for interaction were larger (0.09 and 0.19, respectively). The strongest effects were seen 6–11 hr after exposure, when, for example, the overall effect of a 2.2% increase in IL-6 per 0.64 mg/m3 CO was modified to a 10% (95% confidence interval, 4.6–16%) increase in IL-6 (p-value for interaction = 0.002) for minor homozygotes of FGB rs1800790.ConclusionsThe effect of gaseous traffic-related air pollution on inflammation may be stronger in genetic subpopulations with ischemic heart disease. This information could offer an opportunity to identify postinfarction patients who would benefit more than others from a cleaner environment and antiinflammatory treatment.
Inhibition of IL-32 activation by α-1 antitrypsin suppresses alloreactivity and increases survival in an allogeneic murine marrow transplantation model
Authors: A. Mario Marcondes, Xiang Li, Laura Tabellini, Matthias Bartenstein, Julia Kabacka, George E. Sale, John A. Hansen, Charles A. Dinarello, H. Joachim Deeg
Journal: Blood (2011)
OIL INUNCTION IN PREVENTION OF PLAGUE: A SUGGESTION OF A CENTURY AGO
Authors: S. W. Dickinson
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:  —Anent the article by Dr. George Homan inThe Journal, May 11, 1918, on Protection Against Lice, a quotation from an old book on Plague and Yellow Fever in my possession may be of interest. The title page of this book has been lost so I cannot give either the name of the author or the date of its publication; but from references and quotations it was probably printed about the year 1800 and it has the long f-like letter s. Under the head of the treatment of plague, on page 341, the author says:  But of late a discovery has been made of a surprising power in heated oil of removing this disease, insomuch that, if we can believe what has been published of it, we must suppose it to be little less than a specific. So great indeed has been the confidence put in this
Abstract P5-18-05: Interim Results from a Phase 1b/2a Study of Trastuzumab Emtansine and Docetaxel, With and Without Pertuzumab, in Patients With HER2-Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: M Martin, JÁ García-Sáenz, JA Dewar, J Albanell, SA Limentani, A Strasak, M Patre, F Branle, P Fumoleau
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising trastuzumab, a stable linker, and DM1 (a microtubule inhibitor). In 2 randomized trials in patients (pts) with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), T-DM1 significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) compared with standard therapy (Hurvitz, ESMO 2011; Blackwell, ASCO 2012). The combination of T-DM1 and docetaxel (D) or pertuzumab (P) has shown enhanced antitumor activity in preclinical models of HER2-positive BC (Lewis Phillips, AACR 2008; Fields, AACR 2010). Methods: This phase 1b/2a dose-escalation study examines the safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of T-DM1 (starting dose 2.4 mg/kg every 3 weeks [q3w]) combined with D (starting dose 75 mg/m2 q3w) in pts with MBC, and T-DM1 with D±P (840 mg loading dose, then 420 mg q3w) in pts with newly diagnosed locally advanced BC (LABC; clinical stage IIa-IIIc). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for T-DM1+D is established in pts with MBC and used as the starting dose for feasibility of T-DM1+D±P (up to 6 cycles) in pts with LABC. Eligibility criteria include HER2-positive MBC (locally assessed) or LABC (centrally confirmed). This interim report includes data from pts who completed at least 1 treatment cycle in phase 1b. Results: During MBC feasibility, 21 pts were enrolled; median age was 47.0 years (yr; range, 33–70); median number of prior lines of MBC therapy was 2 (range, 0–10). Four pts experienced 6 DLTs (Table 1). The MTD was T-DM1 3.6 mg/kg q3w + D 60 mg/m2 q3w. Common grade (G) 3/4 adverse events (AEs): neutropenia (81%), leukopenia (52%), and thrombocytopenia (29%). ORR was 76.2% (16/21); median PFS was 11.8 months (range, 1.6–26.9). In LABC feasibility, 18 pts were enrolled; median age was 49.5 yr (range, 34–74). Four pts experienced 4 DLTs (Table 2). The MTD for T-DM1+D was 3.6 mg/kg q3w + 75 mg/m2 q3w; MTD for T-DM1+D+P was 3.6 mg/kg q3w + 75 mg/m2 q3w + 840 mg (with G-CSF primary prophylaxis). Common G3/4 AEs: T-DM1+D, neutropenia (2/9; 22%), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 2/9; 22%), thrombocytopenia (TCP; 1/9; 11%); T-DM1+D+P, neutropenia (5/9; 56%), TCP (2/9; 22%), increased ALT (2/9; 22%), and cytolytic hepatitis (1/9; 11%). With 9 pts enrolled in the T-DM1+D LABC cohorts and 8 pts currently evaluable, pCR rate (ypT0N0) is 87.5%. Conclusions: Full-dose T-DM1 can be safely combined with D in pts with MBC, and with D±P in pts with LABC. G-CSF is needed with higher doses of D. Pathological assessment for all LABC patients and PK analyses will be available for the full presentation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-05.
New Guidelines for the Management of HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections
Authors: Henry Masur
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum, saliva, and sputum levels of metronidazole in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
Authors: D Siegler, C M Kaye, S Reilly, A T Willis, M G Sankey
Journal: Thorax (1981)

We have evaluated the absorption and the penetration of metronidazole into the bronchial secretions and saliva in acute infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Seventeen patients were given 400 mg orally three times daily for seven days and "steady state" levels were measured in serum, saliva, and sputum on the last day of treatment. Mean levels in the three biological fluids were not significantly different. Higher metronidazole levels in sputum tended to occur in patients with higher serum levels. In all but one patient, levels in serum and saliva were well within the therapeutic range. We conclude that this oral regimen results in therapeutic tissue levels in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.
The role of nongenotoxic mechanisms in arylamine carcinogenesis.
Authors: H G Neumann, S Ambs, A Bitsch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The growth of preneoplastic nodules during the feeding of a carcinogenic 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) regimen is preceded by several alterations in the physiologic homeostasis. Many of these alterations can be considered adaptive responses to the drug exposure. One property of AAF could be identified that clearly distinguishes this complete rat liver carcinogen from at least two other, incomplete rat liver carcinogens. Highly specific redox cycling in mitochondria was demonstrated in vitro, and this observation could well contribute an explanation of the morphologic and histochemical observations in vivo. It is emphasized that nongenotoxic effects may play an important role in the generation of tumors by genotoxic carcinogens.
The Taxes of Sin: Do Smokers Pay Their Way?
Authors: Peter W. Rufleth
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To The Editor. —</h3> The article by Manning et al<sup>1</sup>did not consider the external costs incurred when a pregnant woman smokes. I believe the sampling techniques of the authors would not have included the expenses incurred in the care of premature infants. I suspect the cost of neonatal intensive care and the future extra educational and medical costs would make "the taxes of sin" paid by smokers inadequate.
Tc-99m DPD Uptake in the Thigh From Metastasis of Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum
Authors: Emilija Jak??i??, Dragoje Starovi??, Aleksandar Le??i??, Slobodanka Beatovi??, Maja Popov, Dragutin Kecmanovi??
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Adenocarcinoma of the rectum is one of the most common abdominal malignancies and has a predilection for metastases to the regional lymph nodes, liver, lung, and bones. It is uncommon for the tumor to disseminate solely in the soft tissue of an extremity. Evaluation of skeletal and soft tissue involvement is often performed with imaging before there is detection with radiologic procedures. The authors describe a rare case of adenocarcinoma metastases to the soft tissue of the femoral region of the right thigh, which was visualized on angiography, MRI, and bone scintigraphy.
Submaximal Exercise Testing in a Random Sample of an Elderly Population
Authors: C. P. RILEY, A. OBERMAN, T. D. LAMPTON, D. C. HURST
Journal: Circulation (1970)

To examine the electrocardiographic response to exercise in an older population, 280 participants in a longitudinal study of cerebrovascular disease were tested. Subjects were randomly selected from the total 50 to 69-year-old population of Birmingham, Alabama. Approximately 60% of the participants reached a heart rate more than 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Subjects were divided into three groups on clinical grounds: (I) vascular disease, (II) risk factor(s) only, and (III) normal. Positive tests (at least 0.10 mv of ischemic ST-segment depression) were most frequent in group I (24%), though not significantly different from group II (19%) and group III (12%). Hypercholesterolemia was significantly associated with a positive exercise test only in those subjects with vascular disease. Nonspecific ST-T wave changes on the resting electrocardiogram were associated with a positive test in all subjects, but with only a borderline test in those subjects without vascular disease. No significant associations were noted between abnormal exercise test and either cigarette smoking or hypertension.
History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology
Authors: Antolin C. Trinidad
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MURPHY BUTTON OBTURATOR AND APPLICATOR.
Authors: A. H. CORDIER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Having used the Murphy button for many years and having met some difficulties in its application or introduction I have devised an instrument that in a great measure overcomes all the obstacles thus far met. The method usually employed heretofore to introduce the button has been to seize the rim of either half of the button with a pair of hemostats, thus forming a handle to facilitate the introduction. On several occasions, not only in my own work but in the work of other surgeons, the grasp of the forceps has injured the thread of the button or has dented the circumference of one-half the button so that when the two halves have been applied and were ready to be shoved together they would not fit thus necessitating the removal of the second half of the button and the introduction of a new button in the place of the one
Dried blood spot for hepatitis C virus serology and molecular testing
Authors: Edouard Tuaillon, Anne-Marie Mondain, Fadi Meroueh, Laure Ottomani, Marie-Christine Picot, Nicolas Nagot, Philippe Van de Perre, Jacques Ducos
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We investigated the performance of dried blood spots (DBS) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis using modified commercial tests. Paired DBS and serum samples were collected from 200 patients: 100 patients with anti-HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), including 62 patients with detectable serum HCV RNA, and 100 patients without anti-HCV. The DBS sample consisted of three drops of approximately 50 microL of whole blood applied to a paper card, which was then stored at -20 degrees C within 48 hours of collection. Using the Ortho HCV 3.0 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit on DBS, we observed both a specificity and sensitivity of 99% in detecting anti-HCV. HCV RNA was detected on DBS in 60/62 (97%) patients with detectable serum HCV RNA, which was then successfully quantified in 55 samples (89%) using the Cobas TaqMan HCV test. A good correlation was observed between the DBS HCV RNA concentration and the serum level (r(2) = 0.95; P < 0.001). HCV genotyping was successfully performed on DBS samples, with a full concordance between the 14 paired DBS and serum samples (genotypes 1-4).This study presents DBS as a reliable alternative to serum specimens for detecting anti-HCV, quantifying HCV RNA and genotyping HCV. DBS may increase the opportunities for HCV testing and treatment follow-up in hard-to-reach individuals.
Alveolar destruction in guinea pigs chronically exposed to diesel engine exhaust. A light- and electron-microscopic morphometry study.
Authors: A Nagai, Y Kakuta, Y Ozawa, H Uno, S Yasui, K Konno, A Kata, J Kagawa
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Guinea pigs were exposed 16 h a day, 6 d a week, for 6, 12, 18, or 24 mo to filtered air or diesel-exhaust at low (NO2 = 0.22 +/- 0.03 ppm; SO2 = 0.60 +/- 0.19 ppm; particles = 0.21 +/- 0.07 mg/m3), medium (NO2 = 1.07 +/- 0.09; SO2 = 2.83 +/- 0.73; particles = 1.14 +/- 0.26) or high (NO2 = 2.88 +/- 0.29; SO2 = 6.49 +/- 1.75; particles = 2.94 +/- 0.69) concentrations, or at a medium concentration without particles (NO2 = 1.01 +/- 0.09; SO2 = 2.66 +/- 0.64; particles = 0.01 +/- 0.01). We quantitated the holes in the alveolar wall and alveolar size by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After 12 mo of exposure, the ratio of the area of alveolar holes to that of the alveolar wall, and the number of holes per alveolus, rose as the concentration and duration of exposure increased. There were no differences in alveolar size between the study groups. Animals exposed to the medium concentration of diesel exhaust without particles showed less of an increase in the development of holes than animals exposed to the same concentration of diesel exhaust with particles. These findings suggest that diesel exhaust causes alveolar destruction (alveolar holes) without an enlargement in alveolar size in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner. Particulate matter in diesel exhaust may play some role in the development of these lesions.
1090-221 Radiation skin exposure, effective organ doses, and estimated cancer risk for pulmonary vein and cavotricuspid isthmus ablation using a low frame pulsed fluoroscopy system
Authors: Lars M Lickfett, Mahadevappa Mahesh, Chandrasekhar Vasamreddy, David Bradley, Vinod Jayam, Zayd Eldadah, Timm Dickfeld, Berndt Lüderitz, Ronald Berger, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Diagnostic and Prognostic Implications of DNA Ploidy and S-Phase Evaluation in the Assessment of Malignancy in Biliary Strictures
Authors: B. Lindberg, L. Enochsson, B. Tribukait, U. Arnelo, A. Bergquist
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: Brush cytology of biliary strictures has a low sensitivity for diagnosing malignancy, and additional diagnostic tools are needed. The aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic and prognostic importance of DNA measurements as an adjunct to brush cytology in patients with biliary strictures. Patients and Methods: All patients (n = 225) with bile duct strictures who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between January 1997 and October 2003 at the Department of Radiology at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden, were included in the study. While 66 patients had an unclear final diagnosis and were therefore excluded, the remaining 159 patients were assessed with brush cytology and DNA flow cytometry.
A NEW TONSIL-SNARE
Authors: LOUIS D. GREEN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is without trepidation that we place before the profession a new tonsil-snare. While it is true that accuracy in marksmanship depends largely on "the man behind the gun," nevertheless, the modern rifle will hit the target more frequently than would the ancient musket. Likewise, while the skilful surgeon can perform an operation with instruments that are far from mechanically desirable, he can perform the same operation better and with greater facility with a more suitable instrument. That the tonsil-snares now on the market are not altogether satisfactory is proved by the existence of the many varieties. The instrument which requires the least time and the fewest assistants in its manipulation is the most desirable. The straight-line snares like the Farlow or Martin, and the numerous modifications, are perhaps the least satisfactory. Not being made on the lever principle, they depend on direct traction, which is usually augmented by a
Combined (short-term plus longterm) sclerotherapy v short-term only sclerotherapy: a randomised prospective trial.
Authors: M Moreto, M Zaballa, E Ojembarrena, S Ibanez, M J Suarez, F Setien, E Delgado
Journal: Gut (1994)

Short term sclerotherapy (by injection(s) around the bleeding point) is used for immediate control of massive haemorrhage from oesophagogastric varices. The usefulness of longterm sclerotherapy once short term sclerotherapy has been successfully carried out was assessed. Two treatment groups were studied: 50 patients were treated by 9combined9 (short term followed by longterm) sclerotherapy; 56 patients were treated by short term sclerotherapy only. Patients included in the second group were treated by short term sclerotherapy only if a variceal rebleeding was present. The overall cumulative proportion of patients rebleeding was not significantly different in either group. Combined sclerotherapy patients, however, experienced less episodes of variceal haemorrhage and the source of haemorrhage was different (p &lt; 0.002). Combined sclerotherapy was more efficient in preventing bleeding from oesophageal bleeding points but not those arising from a junctional source (p &lt; 0.05). A greater incidence of oesophageal rebleeding was found in those patients whose first source of bleeding was oesophageal (p &lt; 0.05). No significant difference was detected in survival expectancy between either group. In conclusion, after short term sclerotherapy is carried out successfully, those patients with bleeding from variceal bleeding points located on oesophageal mucosa should benefit most from a longterm sclerotherapy programme.
What is happening to section 63?
Authors: N Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1985)

To the uninitiated section 63 has a language of its own: zero rated courses, regional general practice subcommittees for postgraduate medical education, regional advisers in general practice, and postgraduate deans. Some general practitioners rarely, if ever, attend a section 63 course,* and most of those who do are concerned with its content, not its funding. And those dedicated doctors who are responsible for running courses have had to face restrictions on funding that have created a climate of uncertainty. Section 63 of the 1968 Health Services and Public Health Act provides for the funding of further education and vocational training for general practitioners, as well as for all persons who work or are about to work for a health authority. This is a unique arrangement whereby the self employed independent contractor is directly reimbursed from public funds the expenses incurred when attending further education courses of his own choosing.