tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Distinct patterns of connexin expression in canine Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle.
Authors: H L Kanter, J G Laing, S L Beau, E C Beyer, J E Saffitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Electrical conduction is more rapid in Purkinje fibers than in ventricular muscle, which are distinct cardiac tissues that have different active and passive electrophysiological properties. We have recently demonstrated that canine myocardium contains multiple gap junction proteins or connexins that form channels with unique electrophysiological properties. To determine whether differences in connexin expression may account, in part, for the characteristic conduction properties of Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle, we assessed the amounts of mRNA for two connexins, Cx40 and Cx43, in these tissues obtained from canine hearts by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. We also characterized the distribution and relative abundance of these two connexins in gap junctions with immunocytochemistry. A significantly greater amount of Cx40 mRNA was observed in Purkinje fibers compared with ventricular muscle, a difference that was at least threefold according to quantitative in situ hybridization (p &lt; 0.001) and densitometric analysis of Northern blots. Purkinje fibers also demonstrated greater immunostaining intensity when incubated with anti-Cx40 antibodies than did ventricular muscle. In contrast, Cx43 mRNA and protein appeared to be abundant in both tissues. Quantitative in situ hybridization demonstrated a modest but not statistically significant increase in Cx43 mRNA in Purkinje fibers compared with ventricular myocardium. These results indicate that Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle express distinct patterns of connexins. This tissue-specific pattern of connexin expression could contribute to differences in the conduction properties of Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle.
Subcutaneous Osteotomy in Young Children
Authors: R. W. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1879)

ALTHOUGH the hospital has afforded me abundant material for osteotomy in different kinds of deformity of the long bones of the lower extremity, I shall nevertheless chiefly confine myself in this paper to the subject of knock-knee.Osteotomy is now so thoroughly established as a surgical operation, that an apology for undertaking it is no longer needful; of all surgical operations, there are few, conferring so great a benefit, which are burdened with less mortality than this one.Out of fifty osteotomies, performed on children vdrying in age from three to thirteen, I have not had one death; and in only one case has there been any suppuration.
Changes in glucose tolerance and serum insulin following partial gastrectomy and intestinal resection
Authors: S. Wapnick, J. J. Jones
Journal: Gut (1972)

Partial gastrectomy and intestinal resection significantly impaired glucose tolerance (p &lt; 0·05) and significantly decreased the release of insulin by intravenous glucose (p &lt; 0·05) or a meal of minced beef (p &lt; 0·01). There was a significantly greater release of insulin one hour after oral glucose in the gastrectomy patients (p &lt; 0·05).
Insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases hepatic sensitivity to glucagon in dogs
Authors: Noelia Rivera, Christopher J. Ramnanan, Zhibo An, Tiffany Farmer, Marta Smith, Ben Farmer, Jose M. Irimia, Wanda Snead, Margaret Lautz, Peter J. Roach, Alan D. Cherrington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

In individuals with type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia is a common consequence of overinsulinization. Under conditions of insulin-induced hypoglycemia, glucagon is the most important stimulus for hepatic glucose production. In contrast, during euglycemia, insulin potently inhibits glucagon's effect on the liver. The first aim of the present study was to determine whether low blood sugar augments glucagon's ability to increase glucose production. Using a conscious catheterized dog model, we found that hypoglycemia increased glucagon's ability to overcome the inhibitory effect of insulin on hepatic glucose production by almost 3-fold, an effect exclusively attributable to marked enhancement of the effect of glucagon on net glycogen breakdown. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which this effect comes about, we analyzed hepatic biopsies from the same animals, and found that hypoglycemia resulted in a decrease in insulin signaling. Furthermore, hypoglycemia and glucagon had an additive effect on the activation of AMPK, which was associated with altered activity of the enzymes of glycogen metabolism.
New measurements of rearfoot, forefoot and shank-forefoot alignment in athletes
Authors: L D Mendonça, N F N Bittencourt, GM Amaral, L Diniz, TR Souza, PL Silva, S T Fonseca
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Foot misalignments may contribute to development of sports injuries. Some evaluation protocols of foot alignment are not practical, have poor reliability and doesn't reflect functional foot behaviour. We propose a new measurement procedure to solve these problems. We also introduce the measure of the alignment of shank relative to shank-forefoot alignment (SFA) that may be practical to assess the combined rearfoot and forefoot alignments. Objective to develop a practical and reliable foot alignment measure. Design observational cross-sectional. Setting all testing took place in the Minas Tênis Club and Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory – LAPREV in youth and elite sports. Participants 75 females and 125 male (mean+SD age, 15.6+3.8; height, 151.1+62.8; body mass, 64.53+14.9) athletes were evaluated in this study (n=200). Participants with a history of congenital deformity or lower-extremity surgery in the previous 6 months were excluded. Assessment: Shank bisection and four calcaneus marks were drawn according to the standardised parameters. A metal rod was fixed under the forefoot, the ankle was actively positioned at 90° of dorsiflexion and a picture was taken. SIMI motion 2D was used to measure the rearfoot (relative to shank), forefoot (relative to rearfoot) and SFA angles. Main outcome measurements rearfoot, forefoot and SFA angles. Results The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) intratester was 0.89; 0.91 e 0.93 and intertester was 0.82; 0.91 e 0.90 (rearfoot, forefoot and SFA respectively). The means for each foot alignment were −1.83+3.3 (rearfoot), 16.25+8.9 (forefoot) and 13.9+2.6 (SFA). The agreement (ICC) of the sum of rearfoot and forefoot values with SFA was 0.98. Conclusion SFA reflects the sum of rearfoot and forefoot alignments, which supports the use of this measure. This protocol is reliable and it is possible to assess one athlete in proximally 5 min. Thus, these measures can be used in preseason assessments of injury risk factors in athletes.
Bax-mediated apoptosis in the livers of rats after partial hepatectomy in the retrorsine model of hepatocellular injury
Authors: Gavin J. Gordon, William B. Coleman, Joe W. Grisham
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Retrorsine is a member of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid family of compounds whose toxic effects on the liver include a long-lasting inhibition of the proliferative capacity of hepatocytes. Despite the retrorsine-induced blockade of hepatocyte proliferation, retrorsine-exposed rats are able to reconstitute completely their liver mass after surgical partial hepatectomy (PH) via the sustained proliferation of a population of small, incompletely differentiated hepatocyte-like progenitor cells (SHPCs). The extensive proliferation of SHPCs in retrorsine-injured livers is accompanied by the progressive loss of irreversibly injured megalocytes. To study the mechanism by which retrorsine-damaged hepatocytes are removed after PH, we performed TUNEL analysis to establish apoptotic indices for hepatocytes in the livers of retrorsine-exposed and control rats up to 14 days post-PH. Apoptotic indices are highest (approximately 6.0%) in the livers of retrorsine-exposed rats at 1 day post-PH, gradually declining thereafter, yet remaining significantly elevated (approximately 1%) over control rats (&lt;0.1%) at 14 days post-PH ( P &lt; .05). After PH, levels of the proapoptotic protein Bax are increased in livers from retrorsine-exposed rats relative to the levels observed in control livers. Similarly, levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-x L are significantly decreased ( P &lt; .05) compared with controls at t = 0 resulting in an increased (approximately 3.5-fold) Bax/Bcl-x protein ratio that is significantly elevated ( P &lt; .05) compared with controls. Finally, increased levels of Bax protein are localized to the mitochondria of retrorsine-exposed rat livers after PH during the same time that cytochrome c is released. These observations combine to suggest that retrorsine-injured hepatocytes are removed after PH via apoptotic pathways dependent on relative levels and localization of Bax and Bcl-x L protein.
5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, NORADRENALINE, AND DOPAMINE IN BRAINSTEM, HYPOTHALAMUS, AND CAUDATE NUCLEUS OF CONTROLS AND OF PATIENTS COMMITTING SUICIDE BY COAL-GAS POISONING
Authors: C.M.B. Pare, D.P.H. Yeung, Kathleen Price, R.S. Stacey
Journal: The Lancet (1969)
The role of the interplay between polymer architecture and bacterial surface properties on the microbial adhesion to polyoxazoline-based ultrathin films
Authors: Bidhari Pidhatika, Jens Möller, Edmondo M. Benetti, Rupert Konradi, Ekaterina Rakhmatullina, Andreas Mühlebach, Ralf Zimmermann, Carsten Werner, Viola Vogel, Marcus Textor
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Albert F. LoBuglio, Wayne S. Court, Leigh Vinocur, Gertrude Maglott, George M. Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We used a Radio-labeled monoclonal antibody to the Fc portion of human IgG to measure platelet-bound IgG in 54 thrombocytopenic patients and in 48 normal controls. The control group had a mean (±1 S.D.) of 169±79 IgG molecules bound per platelet — 10 to 100 times lower than values generally reported with other assay techniques. Sixteen of 17 patients with untreated thrombocytopenic purpura considered to be of immune origin had values ranging from 790 to 13,095 — levels well above those found in normal subjects and in patients with "nonimmune" thrombocytopenia (246±156). In a second group, consisting of 11 patients with "immune" thrombocytopenic purpura who did not respond to conventional therapy (corticosteroids or splenectomy), the values were quite divergent: two patients had levels in the normal range, three had levels in the range of subjects with nonimmune thrombocytopenia, and six had much higher levels. Measurement of platelet-bound IgG with this monoclonal-antibody technique can help differentiate between immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenias. Low platelet counts in patients who have immune thrombocytopenia according to clinical criteria but are resistant to therapy may be related to factors other than IgG antibody. (N Engl J Med 1983;309:459–63.)
Long Survival without Zidovudine in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Timothy W. Odell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 November 1989Long Survival without Zidovudine in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)Timothy W. Odell, MD, Howard Edelstein, MD, Valerie A. Chirurgi, MD, Jon A. Green, MD, PhDTimothy W. Odell, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Howard Edelstein, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Valerie A. Chirurgi, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Jon A. Green, MD, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-10-856_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: A 1986 placebo-controlled clinical trial (1) showed decreased mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who received zidovudine (AZT) for 24 weeks. Subsequent advances in recognizing and treating opportunistic infections, rather than zidovudine, may account for the progressive increase in the longevity of patients with AIDS. However, the absence of placebo-controlled studies precludes assessing the contribution of zidovudine to the increased survival in these patients. We report the cases of four patients with AIDS who survived for prolonged periods after declining treatment with or showing intolerance to zidovudine.A 45-year-old homosexual man positive for human...Reference1. Fischl M, Richman D, and Grieco M. The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:185-91. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Timothy W. Odell, MD; Howard Edelstein, MD; Valerie A. Chirurgi, MD; Jon A. Green, MD, PhDAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Martinez, CA 94553 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 10Page: 856-856KeywordsAIDSClinical trialsHomosexualsMortalityOpportunistic infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Circadian Variations in Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Carl J. Pepine
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Extended ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in the patient's customary environment provides clear evidence of circadian patterns in myocardial ischemic episodes. In patients with effort angina, the highest activity occurs between 6 AM and noon. This coincides with peaks in diurnal variation of frequency of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death. A number of potential underlying common triggering mechanisms, including catecholamine secretion, sympathetic nervous system activity, blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol secretion, and aggregability of platelets, exhibit similar surges. As a result of these coinciding morning peaks, myocardial oxygen demand is increased and oxygen supply reduced after a person arises in the morning. Attention to this vulnerable period is merited in the timing and choice of medication, both to prevent or reduce ischemia and to modify potential disease-triggering mechanisms. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:386-390)
Fish Consumption and Risk of Stroke in Men
Authors: Ka He
Journal: JAMA (2002)

3][14][15] In the Nurses' Health Study, Iso and colleagues 16 found a significant inverse association between fish intake and risk of thrombotic stroke but not hemorrhagic stroke.In a randomized trial among patients with coronary heart disease, supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs at 1 g/d significantly reduced the risk of acute myocardial infarction but was associated with a nonsignificant increase in risk of stroke. 17However, the amount of omega-3 PUFAs used in this trial exceeded those consumed typically in diet, and fish oil supplementation may have different effects than fish consumption.Therefore, we prospectively examined the relation between fish intake and risk of stroke in the Health Professional Follow-up Study (HPFS), a large cohort of men who periodically completed dietary measurements during 12 years of follow-up.We hypothesized that fish consumption or long-chain omega-3 PUFA intake reduces the risk of ischemic stroke but not hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS Study PopulationThe details of the HPFS have been described elsewhere. 18This cohort was es-tablished in 1986, when 51 529 male health care professionals aged 40 to 75 years responded to a mailed questionnaire that included a comprehensive survey of diet, lifestyle characteristics,
Treatment of Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: DONALD ARMSTRONG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The microorganisms that regularly infect patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have become well recognized. Most take advantage of defects in T-lymphocyte function, but others, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, take advantage of B-cell defects. Still others, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella species, occur or persist for reasons that are unclear. Infections with organisms associated with hospitalization and medical procedures are also seen and should be anticipated. Among the infections taking advantage of T-cell defects, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most commonly diagnosed, but cytomegalovirus infection may be equally common. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection has been found in one half of our patients at postmortem examination. The retrovirus responsible for AIDS commonly infects the central nervous system, as does Toxoplasma gondii. Although candida infections are common, dissemination is uncommon. Many of the infections respond to appropriate therapy but tend to recur when treatment is stopped. Often treatment courses must be prolonged even beyond those used in other immunocompromised hosts.
Abnormal I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial washout and distribution may reflect myocardial adrenergic derangement in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy.
Authors: E B Henderson, J K Kahn, J R Corbett, D E Jansen, J J Pippin, P Kulkarni, V Ugolini, M S Akers, C Hansen, L M Buja
Journal: Circulation (1988)

I-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a new radiopharmaceutical with properties that allow the characterization of the sympathetic innervation of several organ systems. In this study, we used MIBG with tomographic imaging to evaluate noninvasively the differences in myocardial sympathetic innervation in 14 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy (CM). Initial (15-minute) images demonstrated no significant differences in MIBG concentration in the hearts of patients with CM and of healthy volunteers. However, the myocardial retention of MIBG was significantly reduced in the patients with CM. Expressed as the percent washout from 15 to 85 minutes, the patients with CM had a 28 +/- 12% washout rate compared with 6 +/- 8% in the controls (p less than 0.001). A small subset of patients from each group imaged at 4-hour intervals demonstrated even greater disparity in washout rates. In addition, the patients with CM had significantly greater heterogeneity in the MIBG activity distribution within the myocardial images. There was 47 +/- 15% intraimage variability in MIBG distribution in the patients with CM and 22 +/- 9% variation in the controls (p less than 0.001). We conclude from these data that the myocardial distribution and kinetics of MIBG in images obtained from patients with CM differ significantly from those of controls and that the MIBG patterns may be used as a relatively noninvasive means to evaluate the severity of altered adrenergic innervation in the hearts of these patients.
Contempo 1997: Economics-Reply
Authors: Uwe E. Reinhardt
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In Reply.  —Dr Yaes properly reminds us that, because of their superior technical knowledge in medical matters, physicians necessarily act as their patients' agents when they formulate the treatment plan for a given illness. I do not disagree with that characterization, nor with the proposition that this relationship imposes special fiduciary obligations on physicians. Many other professionals perform a similar agency function and bear similar moral obligations.  It is the case that suppliers in the normal course of commerce do not play this fiduciary role. Nevertheless, as I always point out to my students, the surest way for capitalists to amass wealth is to please their customers. For that reason, it is not self-evident that health systems owned by general investors and managed by MBAs would be more likely to abuse patients than would health systems owned by investors with MD degrees and managed by physicians. I suspect that the next decade
Abstract 1946: Downregulated microRNAs in salivary rinse from patients with head and neck squamous cells carcinoma.
Authors: Maria Fernanda A. Pelarin, Maria Aderuza Horst, Ana Carolina Carvalho, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, André Luiz Vettore, Bruno Karia
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Head and neck Squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality, and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The diagnosis is usually made late, after the appearance of visible lesions. The discovery of altered epigenetic profiles in cancer awakened to new paradigms by which molecular mechanisms contribute significantly to carcinogenesis. To date, approximately 1000 miRNAs have been described and it is estimated that they may influence the expression of up to one third of human genes. The deregulation of the expression of miRNAs can directly influence cell proliferation and differentiation and therefore, they can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. The aim of this study is to compare the miRNAs expression profiles in saliva samples from patients with HNSCC and normal controls in order to identify potential diagnostic markers for this cancer. Comprehensive miRNA profile was done in 4 salivary rinse samples from HNSCC patients and 3 samples from healthy donors using a Megaplex TaqMan Low Density miRNA Arrays (TLDA) to assess the expression status of miRNAs. 101 miRNAs differentialy expressed were identified. From that, 21 were upregulated in the HNSCC samples while 80 were downregulated in these samples. After a deep revision of the information available from them, we selected candidates to be validated in an independent group of 100 salivary rinses collected from HNSCC patient at diagnoses. A preliminary result indicated that four selected miRNA were down regulated with 90-91% of specificity and 53-64% of sensibility. Our hypothesis is based on the fact that the down regulation confirmed in our results may be related to the potential of tumor suppressor activity of these miRNAs; Besides the validation obtained by our tests, important studies in the literature show agreement with this hypothesis and may add relevant data in developing this study. Supported by Fapesp (Grant 2011/15122-9). Citation Format: Maria Fernanda A. Pelarin, Maria Aderuza Horst, Ana Carolina Carvalho, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, André Luiz Vettore, Bruno Karia. Downregulated microRNAs in salivary rinse from patients with head and neck squamous cells carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1946. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1946