tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergy to laboratory animals in children of parents occupationally exposed to mice, rats and hamsters
Authors: A. Krakowiak, B. Szulc, P Gorski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients require higher dosages of many antibiotics. The relapse of tuberculosis in one CF patient, and the repeated growth of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in another, despite conventional therapy, raised the question of whether the serum levels of the antimycobacterial drugs were adequate. Antimycobacterial drug serum concentrations were assayed in 10 CF patients with pulmonary mycobacterial disease. Serum levels below the proposed target range were seen 2 h after drug intake in the initial four patients treated: for rifampicin in 2/3, ethambutol in 3/4 and for clarithromycin in 2/3 patients, despite standard dosages. Reassays after dose adjustment and assays in six other patients showed that adequate levels were not achieved 4 h after clarithromycin in 3/5, ethambutol in 1/5, ciproflaxacin in 1/2 and ofloxacin in 2/2 patients. The patient with relapse of tuberculosis and the patient with continuous growth of M. avium-intracellulare improved and became culture negative after dose adjustment. Low drug serum levels is one reason for therapy failure in cystic fibrosis patients with mycobacterial disease. Therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended.
P206 Psychological comorbidity in vocal cord dysfunction
Authors: E. Gregson, S. Campbell, S. Lillie, R. Stacey, J. Haines, S. Fowler, A. Vyas
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) is typically reported to affect young females and has been associated with a psychiatric history. We run a multidisciplinary-based service for VCD patients with input from specialist speech and language therapy, physiotherapy and psychology. We investigated the demographics of our patient cohort with VCD, its association with anxiety and depression and whether this affected treatment response. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients referred for specialist speech and language therapy at the Royal Preston Hospital Airways Clinic between June 2006 and May 2011 with VCD confirmed by endoscopy were included. During routine clinical care data were collected including demographic details and comorbidities. Patients were also asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) questionnaire. Subjective symptomatic improvement was recorded at patient follow-up visits. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 95 patients were eligible for study inclusion: 73.7% were female with a median age of 53 (17–83) years while men were older at 59 (37–80) years. Medical comorbidities included asthma (56.8%), reflux (47.4%), chronic cough (17.9%), nasal disease (16.8%) and neurological disease (12.6%). A history of confirmed psychiatric disease was noted in 38.9%. In 43 patients who completed HAD scores, moderate or severe anxiety was found in 41.8% and depression in 23.3%. Response to treatment was excellent (67% showing clinical improvement) and this was independent of medical or psychological comorbidity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest that VCD affects a wide range of patients, in terms of age, gender, comorbidities and HAD scores which do not impact on treatment response, as a result of the multidisciplinary approach and this success is comparable to most asthma therapies when patient compliance and education are accounted for. It challenges many previously held concepts and supports a multidisciplinary approach to treating VCD.
Benzathine Penicillin G
Authors: John Davis, Willard C. Schmidt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

BENZATHINE penicillin (N-N′ dibenzylethylenediamine dipenicillin G), a slowly absorbed depot penicillin, has recently been recommended for the prevention of streptococcal infections in patients with active or inactive rheumatic fever1 and in military populations2 experiencing epidemics of streptococcal disease. Evidence that one injection will eradicate Group A streptococci and protect a person from acquiring new infections for several weeks has made this form of penicillin an agent of choice in streptococcal prophylaxis. On the basis of a number of studies of rheumatic patients the American Heart Association is currently recommending 1,200,000 units of benzathine penicillin per month as adequate protection against . . .
WHO admits its target on AIDS drugs may be unrealistic
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

More donor funds than ever before—at least $20.5bn (£11.5bn;€17.3bn)—are available for AIDS relief in the world's poorest countries, but a huge concerted effort will be needed to get antiretroviral drugs to millions of people who need them before it is too late, the World Health Organization said on Tuesday in its annual report.

In its World Health Report 2004 , WHO said that AIDS was the leading single cause of death among adults aged 15 to 59 around the world and that in 2003, three million people died of AIDS related diseases and five million became infected with HIV.

WHO said funds were sufficient to cover the $5.5bn needed to achieve its stated goal of getting antiretroviral drugs to three million people with HIV in poor …
Different types of neurologist.
Authors: A Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Most neurologists in the United Kingdom work in regional neurological and neurosurgical centres in or linked to university teaching hospitals. Such centres usually have two or more neurologists and neurosurgeons and at least one neuroradiologist, clinical neurophysiologist, and neuropathologist; they also provide scanning facilities and other neuroradiological and neurophysiological equipment. This concentration of skill, usually in large conurbations, means that many people live many miles from their nearest neurologist. Although many neurologists visit their neighbouring district general hospitals to run outpatient clinics and advise on inpatients, some hospitals are too far away from the main centres to make this practicable, and then their only contact is by telephone and transfer of patients. This set up is far from ideal and is aggravated by the small number of neurologists and their uneven geographical distribu? tion. My own, admittedly rough, calculations suggest that there are 158 consultant neurologists and about 18 honorary consultants in the United Kingdom and that the provision of consultant sessions varies from about 3-6 per 100 000 population in the four Thames health regions to only 1-6-1-9 in Wales, Wessex, and Trent. Understandably, therefore, some physicians have considered that their patients, and their hospitals, might be better served by the creation of posts for physicians with an interest in neurology. These physicians would be based at the district general hospital and would take a full share in the acute general admissions as well as providing a neurological opinion, referring more unusual cases, when necessary, to regional centres for more complex investigations and neurosurgical treatment. Advertisements for general physicians often indicate that an interest in a medical specialty such as gastroenterology or diabetes would be an advantage. An interest in neurology is never specified, for the simple reason that the policy of the specialty is to train pure neurologists, a policy that was reaffirmed in 1979 and 1982 by the committee on neurology of the Royal College of Physicians.
Gluten Challenge in Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Authors: Jonathan Leonard, Gerald Haffenden, William Tucker, Joseph Unsworth, Frances Swain, Robert McMinn, John Holborow, Lionel Fry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Dermatitis herpetiformis is characterized by an itchy blistering rash. The lesions are typically distributed over the elbows, knees, and buttocks. Histologically, the blister is situated between the epidermis and the dermis. The rash responds well to sulfone drugs, and the majority of cases are controlled with 100 mg of dapsone daily. Although the clinical picture, histologic findings, and response to sulfones are characteristic of the disease, the diagnosis can be made with certainty only by finding deposits of IgA in the papillary dermis of uninvolved skin by direct immunofluorescence.1 The role of gluten in the pathogenesis of dermatitis herpetiformis was . . .
CONTEMPO '87 Crushes Disturbs, Saddens, Amazes, and Disappoints
Authors: Jørgen Voigt
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —As a practicing forensic pathologist, a university professor of the subject, and a chief editor of a forensic medical journal ( Forensic Science International ), I find it very disappointing that my field (forensic medicine or forensic pathology) is not mentioned in CONTEMPO '87. 1 Forensic medicine is an important teaching subject for medical students and, in its special way, it is a link between all the other medical specialties. I do hope that in the future similar surveys will also take forensic medicine into consideration.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone downregulates IL-10 production by adaptive forkhead box protein 3–negative regulatory T cells in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Sang Ho Oh, Chang Ook Park, Wen Hao Wu, Ji Young Kim, Shan Jin, Dashlkhumbe Byamba, Byung Gi Bae, Seongmin Noh, Beom Jin Lim, Ji Yeon Noh, Kwang Hoon Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Abstract 3626: Targeting of essential gene products in breast cancer with cell penetrating neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Richard S. Agnes, Jing Wang, James P. Basilion
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We present a novel nuclear, targeted therapeutic strategy that disrupts intracellular essential gene products selectively in tumors. Therapeutic antibodies against external cell surface receptors are effective. However, the limited permeability of antibodies through cellular and nuclear membranes restricts their use as therapeutics for targeting intracellular gene products of cancer cells. Many of the oldest and most efficacious cancer chemotherapeutic agents target cellular elements essential to the growth and proliferation of all cells (e.g. DNA with alkylating agents or dihydrofolate reductase with methotrexate) accentuating the utility of targeting essential gene products. However, the toxicity of traditional broad-based drugs to normal cells is high, limiting its utility. Thus, we seek to inactivate essential gene products by selectively delivering targeted biologic therapeutics, i.e. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, against specific intracellular essential gene products thereby killing cancer cells. To selectively target tumors, we are employing tumor-associated protease “activatable” cell penetrating peptide (CPP) motif described by Tsein and co-workers. To demonstrate our novel approach, we are initially focusing on the intracellular delivery of RPA70 which is an essential gene product that functions in DNA replication and is found to be an attractive therapeutic target in breast and prostate cancers. Thus far, we synthesized a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) and a tumor-associated “activatable” CPP that can be conjugated to IgGs. We screened various bioconjugation techniques and found that thiolation of IgG with thiolane followed by incubation with CPP-maleimide was the most efficient with good CPP-to-antibody ratio. With these antibody bioconjugates, we are able to show that anti-RPA70 and control antibodies were taken up to the cytoplasm as well as into the nucleus of cells. Monitoring of cell growth and proliferation of cancer cell lines in the presence of CPP-anti-RPA70 are underway. Progress in these studies will also be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3626. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3626
Patient-Specific Decisions About Hormone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: N F Col, M H Eckman, R H Karas, S G Pauker, R J Goldberg, E M Ross, R K Orr, J B Wong
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy on life expectancy in postmenopausal women with different risk profiles for heart disease, breast cancer, and hip fracture. <h3>Design.</h3> —Decision analysis using a Markov model. Published regression models were used to link risk factors to disease incidence and to estimate the lifetime risks of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), breast cancer, hip fracture, and endometrial cancer. The impact of hormone therapy on disease incidence was estimated from published epidemiologic studies. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Mathematical model applicable to primary care. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Treatment with hormone replacement therapy or no hormone replacement therapy. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Life expectancy. <h3>Results.</h3> —Hormone replacement therapy should increase life expectancy for nearly all postmenopausal women, with some gains exceeding 3 years, depending mainly on an individual's risk factors for CHD and breast cancer. For women with at least 1 risk factor for CHD, hormone therapy should extend life expectancy, even for women having first-degree relatives with breast cancer. Women without any risk factors for CHD or hip fracture, but who have 2 first-degree relatives with breast cancer, however, should not receive hormone therapy. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The benefit of hormone replacement therapy in reducing the likelihood of developing CHD appears to outweigh the risk of breast cancer for nearly all women in whom this treatment might be considered. Our analysis supports the broader use of hormone replacement therapy.
The Spatial Vectorcardiogram in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: L. G. HORAN, G. E. BURGH, J. A. ABILDSKOV, J. A. CRONVICH
Journal: Circulation (1954)

A study of 90 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy revealed a typical configuration of the spatial vectorcardiogram in most of the subjects. Typically the QRS sÊ-loop was smooth, wide and rounded, inscribed in a counterclockwise direction and placed largely to the left and above the isoelectric point in its frontal plane projection. The left sagittal plane projection of the QRS sÊ-loop was long, narrow and directed largely upward and posteriorly. The typical T sÊ-loop was small, smooth, horseshoe-shaped and counterclockwise in inscription in both frontal and left sagittal plane projections. In some instances the QRS sÊ-loop was similar to that of the normal but was always accompanied by an abnormal T sÊ-loop.
IMPORTANCE OF VISUAL FIELDS AS AN AID IN LOCALIZATION OF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: WALTER D. SHELDEN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The actual occurrence of tumor of the brain is relatively rare. Yet disturbance of the special senses, of mentality, of motion, of speech, of sensation, of equilibration, of metabolism and of growth, and the development of various dyscrinisms and of symptoms such as pain in the head and convulsions are frequent. Therefore, consideration of tumors of the brain in differential diagnosis is common, especially if the phenomena mentioned are insidious and progressive. Tumors of the brain are neither precise nor consistent in the phenomena they produce. The great variations in the biodynamic characteristics of tumors, as exemplified by the mode of progress, the rate of growth and the direction of extension, bring about sequential relationships of almost infinite variation. Examination of the eyes affords significant data both in diagnosis and in localization of tumors of the brain. As this consideration presumes the integrity of the end-organ, it is the duty
Abstract 2261: Natural redistribution of end-protection proteins in aging cells as telomeres shorten
Authors: Michelle E. Baribault, Mark J. Swanson, Nancy S. Bae
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Telomeres are the nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. In mammalian cells, a six-member protein complex, called shelterin, protects telomeres from being recognized as DNA double-strand breaks and from nucleolytic degradation. It has been speculated that as telomeres become progressively shorter with each round of replication, the number of binding sites for the components of shelterin would decrease as well. In an attempt to determine whether there is a relationship between the length of telomeres and shelterin binding, primary human dermal fibroblasts from neonatal foreskin (HDFn) were grown in culture, and the levels of a number of shelterin components were measured over time. Unlike other previous studies where artificially constructed telomeres were used to address this question, we are following the natural progression of aging of a population of cultured cells. Comparisons were made between young cells at a population doubling (PDL) between 3 and 6 and aged cells at a PDL of 28 to 38. Southern blotting using a telomeric probe showed that the aged cells possessed significantly shorter telomeres than their younger counterparts, supporting the notion that there will be fewer shelterin binding sites. Using immunoblotting to compare the levels of several shelterin subunits (TRF2, hRAP1, and POT1), we found that TRF2, the DNA binding subunit that targets hRAP1 to the telomeres, and POT1 decrease in level as would be expected when fewer binding sites are present for the complex. Interestingly, the levels of hRAP1 did not decrease proportionally and remained relatively high compared to other subunits. These data suggest that as telomeres decrease in length and shelterin binding sites become less numerous, most shelterin subunits are degraded, but hRAP1 most likely plays an additional role. We have stressed young HDFn cells with hydrogen peroxide to age them prematurely. Upon treatment, the young cells (PDL of 8) became similar in appearance to the untreated, aged cells at PDL greater than 25. In the treated, young cells, hRAP1 levels in the nucleus decreased in a manner that was unaffected by inhibition of the proteasome, suggesting that during the oxidative stress, hRAP1 translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Taken together, our data suggest that RAP1 plays a role in stress signaling or response to cellular aging. Citation Format: Michelle E. Baribault, Mark J. Swanson, Nancy S. Bae. Natural redistribution of end-protection proteins in aging cells as telomeres shorten. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2261. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2261
Periodic Peritonitis (Familial Mediterranean Fever)
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Several statements in the "Primer on Rheumatic Diseases" (224[suppl]:757, 1973) need comment. So-called familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is not restricted to three ethnic groups. It begins at any time of life, and the frequency of amyloidosis probably results from a separate hereditary trait in a sect of patients in the Levant described by Heller et al.<sup>1</sup>Amyloidosis seldom ensues otherwise. It also occurs occasionally in different periodic disorders probably partly dependent upon long-term hyperglobulinemia. Actual synovitis usually is polyarticular, not persistent for months. Exanthems and osteoporosis are rare features. No reference is made to any published divergent concepts. Familial Mediterranean fever, a widely accepted misnomer, is not always familial and has nothing to do with that sea, except for the concentration of susceptible ethnic groups in the locale. Abdominal pain, not fever, is the outstanding symptom. Brucellosis and leptospirosis also are known improperly as Mediterranean fevers,
Rapid construction of mechanically- confined multi- cellular structures using dendrimeric intercellular linker
Authors: Xuejun Mo, Qiushi Li, Lena Wai Yi Lui, Baixue Zheng, Chiang Huen Kang, Bramasta Nugraha, Zhilian Yue, Rui Rui Jia, Hong Xia Fu, Deepak Choudhury, Talha Arooz, Jie Yan, Chwee Teck Lim, Shali Shen, Choon Hong Tan, Hanry Yu
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Drugs, Hippies, and Doctors
Authors: Harry A. Wilmer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The doctor-patient relationship is rapidly becoming pharmaceuticalized. Every physician has his own particular pharmacologic armamentarium. Armamentarium indeed! A formidable array of chemical weapons and chemical solace. The more drugs that have become available, the more physicians have felt relieved of the burden of taking a careful history, of listening to patients. Time is running short in the consultation room. Physicians are increasingly dependent upon the prescription of drugs. It is a rare experience for a patient to leave a doctor's office without a prescription in his hand. Now, there are more specific drugs, more potent drugs in widespread use than there are patients, diseases, disorders, or symptoms. Every physician knows that his own attitudes and beliefs about drugs alter their effectiveness. Prescribing drugs has always been good medicine for doctors, often assuring them a good night's sleep. Tranquilized patients are "more amenable" to psychotherapy even though some appear as zombies,
Acute Renal Failure—A Dangerous Condition
Authors: John H. Turney
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Acute renal failure is the most serious and most expensive renal disorder in medical practice and appears to be increasing in frequency. From its earliest recognition,<sup>1</sup>it has been clear that severe renal dysfunction carries a heavy mortality rate, but only recently has it been recognized that apparently small decreases in renal function exacerbate the mortality of the underlying condition. Despite developments in treatment, the overall mortality rate from acute renal failure has not substantially altered in the past 40 years.<sup>2</sup>The apparent lack of improvement in outcome obscures the fact that the patients with acute renal failure in the 1990s are very different from their predecessors; they are substantially older, have significant comorbid conditions, and very frequently have multiple organ failure. Nephrologists like to believe that the treatment is getting better but the state of the patients they are called in to treat is getting worse and
Fever, Splenomegaly and Atypical Lymphocytes
Authors: Edwin O. Wheeler, John D. Turner, J. Gordon Scannell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

DURING the past year we have encountered 6 examples of an unusual syndrome characterized by fever, splenomegaly and atypical lymphocytes, occurring in patients who have undergone openheart operations utilizing a pump oxygenator. The course of the illness has been benign, recovery occurring without specific therapy. It is important to differentiate this syndrome from more serious complications such as bacterial endocarditis and hepatitis, which it may suggest.Case ReportsCase 1. A 49-year-old salesman was admitted to the hospital on February 16, 1960, because of rheumatic heart disease with predominant aortic stenosis and slight aortic regurgitation. For 2 years he had . . .
Distinctive immunoglobulin<i>VH</i>gene features of cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas in Asian cases
Authors: Y. Ge, H. Takino, F. Sato, S. Yamada, A. Masaki, Y. Fujiyoshi, H. Hattori, A. Morita, T-T. Kuo, H. Inagaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)
A functional genomics approach reveals novel quantitative trait loci associated with platelet signaling pathways
Authors: Chris I. Jones, Sarah Bray, Stephen F. Garner, Jonathan Stephens, Bernard de Bono, Will G. J. Angenent, David Bentley, Philippa Burns, Alison Coffey, Panos Deloukas, Mark Earthrowl, Richard W. Farndale, Marc F. Hoylaerts, Kerstin Koch, Angela Rankin, Catherine M. Rice, Jane Rogers, Nilesh J. Samani, Michael Steward, Adam Walker, Nicholas A. Watkins, Jan-Willem Akkerman, Frank Dudbridge, Alison H. Goodall, Willem H. Ouwehand
Journal: Blood (2009)