tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinics in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: L. Bitensky
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Exercise tests were carried out on 18 children who had had wheezy bronchitis under the age of 5 years during hospitalization 7 years previously. A control group of 12 children who had been hospitalized with gastroenteritis at the same time were also studied. It was found that there was still a significant increase in bronchial lability among the wheezy bronchitis group compared with the controls, and this was especially obvious in the 7 children who had continued to have mild episodes of wheezing. It is suggested that the same abnormal mechanism operates in at least some cases of wheezy bronchitis as it does in asthma.
Reducing the Work Load of the Failing Heart
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Concepts of the mechanisms of heart failure have changed considerably since the relation between diastolic filling of the left ventricle and its stroke volume began to dominate the thinking of cardiac physiologists. The Frank-Starling curve is still respected, and the effect of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, volume, and myocardial fiber length on the cardiac output is well recognized. This is compatible with the implied therapeutic value of reducing venous return of the failing heart by salt restriction, diuretics, and phlebotomy.  But we appreciate that other factors also play a part in the mechanism of cardiac decompensation and its therapy. One such factor is the contractile state of the myocardium as reflected in the rate of left ventricular pressure development during contraction (dp/dt). This and other measures of myocardial contractility and its responses to inotropic drugs, such as digitalis and isoproterenol, have been investigated extensively during the past decade.  Exploratory use
THE EFFECT OF STATIN TYPE ON THE ANTIPLATELET THERAPY: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF CILON-T (INFLUENCE OF CILOSTAZOL-BASED TRIPLE ANTIPLATELET THERAPY ON ISCHEMIC COMPLICATION AFTER DRUG ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION) TRIAL
Authors: Jung-Won Suh, Myung-Jin Cha, Seung-Pyo Lee, Kyung Woo Park, Young-Seok Cho, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi, Tae-Jin Youn, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Solution to Pollution
Authors: Wilfred McCahill
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The news media, including your own weekly magazine, have lately been saturated with alarms about our ecology. To select a few examples, there are the socalled problems of air pollution with sulfur from automobile exhausts and with particulate matter from burning organic matter, the eutrophication beyond redemption of Lake Erie, mercury in fish, accumulation of DDT in human tissues, and the population explosion. Each of these problems can be solved with a little ingenuity.   Sulfur. Trap exhausts in large tough-skinned balloons. This has two advantages: it will minimize damage from rear-end collisions, and the balloons can be deflated into railroad tank cars for shipment of the gas to Arkansas and Virginia to enrich the health-giving sulfur springs. Remember, the railroads need the business.  Particulate Matter. This stuff just makes things dirty, and that plagues cleanliness-minded housewives. If the government can successfully run a Peace
Studies with the Ganglionic Blocking Agent, Chlorisondamine Chloride in Unanesthetized and Anesthetized Dogs
Authors: R. A. MAXWELL, A. J. PLUMMER, M. W. OSBORNE
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The normotensive unanesthetized dog receiving chlorisondamine chloride, pentapyrrolidinium, or hexamethonium exhibits a drop in systolic blood pressure, narrowing of pulse pressure, tachycardia and relaxation of nictitating membranes. The relative potencies of these compounds are in the ratio 8:3:1 respectively. While these compounds are apparently equally well absorbed, the activity of chlorisondamine chloride is markedly prolonged. This prolonged activity of chlorisondamine chloride after oral administration is probably due, in large part, to its persistence in the tissues. Chlorisondamine chloride and hexamethonium can suppress the pressor response induced in neurogenic hypertensive dogs by application of annoying stimuli.
The Use of Isoproterenol (Isuprel) in the Evaluation of Congenital Cardiac Defects
Authors: ARTHUR J. MOSS, EDWARD R. DUFFIE
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Isoproterenol was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.03 to 0.07 µg. per Kg. per minute in 38 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization to evaluate the routine postoperative condition of 19 patients and to support or confirm the clinical diagnosis in 19 others. A steady response was obtained in 2 to 4 minutes, and no toxic effects were observed. During the infusion the heart rate increased an average of 55 per cent; the respiratory rate, 23 per cent. The right atrial pressure fell. In general the pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures also decreased. Limited observations on the cardiac output confirmed the previously reported increase. Ten patients developed a significant systolic gradient between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery (greater than 20 mm. Hg) during the infusion. Four of these were postoperative patients, three of whom were considered completely corrected prior to infusion of the isoproterenol. Four patients with aortic stenosis were studied, and the systolic gradient increased in three (80, 93, and 145 per cent). The results indicate that infusion of isoproterenol is a safe, practical, and effective means of simulating exercise in infants and children. Used in addition to the customary cardiac catheterization studies, it is of distinct value in appraising congenital cardiac defects.
Notification of viral hepatitis.
Authors: A J Zuckerman
Journal: BMJ (1991)

infection rises the number of doctors infected during their clinical duties will also rise.Despite this doctors have treated and will, I hope, continue to treat HIV positive patients as they would any other person.Ethics demands no less.Doctors put their own lives at risk.Can it be right that the few who succumb should be the only HIV positive group to be let down by the NHS?
Dysphagia in acute stroke.
Authors: C Gordon, R L Hewer, D T Wade
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A prospective study was undertaken to define the incidence, duration, and consequences of dysphagia in an unselected group of 91 consecutive patients who had suffered acute stroke. The site of the present lesion and of any previous stroke was determined clinically and was confirmed by computed tomography of the brain or necropsy in 40 cases. Of 41 patients who had dysphagia on admission, 37 had had a stroke in one cerebral hemisphere. Only seven patients showed evidence of lesions in both hemispheres. Nineteen of 22 patients who survived a stroke in a hemisphere regained their ability to swallow within 14 days. Dysphagia in patients who had had a stroke in a cerebral hemisphere was associated in this study with a higher incidence of chest infections, dehydration, and death.
Uneventful pregnancy and neonatal outcome with tacrolimus in refractory ulcerative colitis
Authors: D C Baumgart
Journal: Gut (2005)

Pitfalls in diagnosing acute pancreatitisWe thank Jolobe for his letter (Gut 2005;54:1207-8) which mentions the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.We did not address diagnostic tests and medical intensive care treatment of acute pancreatitis in our article, 1 but reviewed the interventional and surgical treatment strategies in acute pancreatitis.There is no doubt that treatment of acute pancreatitis, including organ failure in its early phase, is solely supportive. 2 Due to improvements in inten- sive care medicine, mortality of severe disease has decreased dramatically over the past decades.However, to treat patient adequately, the correct diagnosis has to be made.Therefore, the first step in the diagnostic process of acute pancreatitis is to think of this disease.According to the latest classification from Atlanta, 3 acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas with variable involvement of other regional tissues or remote organ systems.From a clinical point of view, acute upper abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzyme levels are needed to diagnose acute pancreatitis.As pointed out by Jolobe in his letter, acute pancreatitis is still underdiagnosed under certain clinical conditions, including diabetic ketoacidosis, but also in other clinical situations, such as shock of unknown origin, patients under intensive care treatment, as well as rare causes of the disease.As acute pancreatitis can be associated with diabetic ketoacidosis and the association between these two is a two way cause-and-effect relationship, early imaging of the pancreas is recommended in these patients to establish the correct diagnosis.Our article focused on the surgical and interventional treatment of severe acute pancreatitis.
Polio Vaccination-Reply
Authors: Steven G. F. Wassilak
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Eggers and Mertens raise an important issue: Can even the small number of cases of poliomyelitis associated with oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) be reduced by administering inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) prior to OPV administration? Theoretically, induction of individual immunity by IPV should prevent recipient cases of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis. In support of this argument, two doses of an IPV with enhanced potency were found to bring about triple seroconversion in over 97% of recipients.<sup>1</sup>Nonetheless, approximately 60% of current vaccine-associated poliomyelitis cases occur in contacts of OPV recipients. Although IPV of current potency has been shown to reduce pharyngeal shedding of OPV virus following challenge, the effect on subsequent fecal excretion of OPV virus is variable and of unknown epidemiologic significance<sup>2-4</sup>; the effect of an enhanced-potency product is apparently also limited (I. M. Onorato, MD, written communication, April 1987). There are also potential problems with combined
Human Multiple Myeloma Cells Are Sensitized to Topoisomerase II Inhibitors by CRM1 Inhibition
Authors: Joel G. Turner, Douglas C. Marchion, Jana L. Dawson, Michael F. Emmons, Lori A. Hazlehurst, Peter Washausen, Daniel M. Sullivan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) is exported from the nucleus of human myeloma cells by a CRM1-dependent mechanism at cellular densities similar to those found in patient bone marrow. When topo IIα is trafficked to the cytoplasm, it is not in contact with the DNA; thus, topo IIα inhibitors are unable to induce DNA-cleavable complexes and cell death. Using a CRM1 inhibitor or a CRM1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA), we were able to block nuclear export of topo IIα as shown by immunofluorescence microscopy. Human myeloma cell lines and patient myeloma cells isolated from bone marrow were treated with a CRM1 inhibitor or CRM1-specific siRNA and exposed to doxorubicin or etoposide at high cell densities. CRM1-treated cell lines or myeloma patient cells were 4-fold more sensitive to topo II poisons as determined by an activated caspase assay. Normal cells were not significantly affected by CRM1-topo II inhibitor combination treatment. Cell death was correlated with increased DNA double-strand breaks as shown by the comet assay. Band depletion assays of CRM1 inhibitor–exposed myeloma cells showed increased topo IIα covalently bound to DNA. Topo IIα knockdown by a topo IIα–specific siRNA abrogated the CRM1-topo II therapy synergistic effect. These results suggest that blocking topo IIα nuclear export sensitizes myeloma cells to topo II inhibitors. This method of sensitizing myeloma cells suggests a new therapeutic approach to multiple myeloma. [Cancer Res 2009;69(17):6899–905]
Endothelial protection by converting enzyme inhibitors
Authors: G. Wiemer, B. A Scholkens, W. Linz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Endothelial protection by converting enzyme inhibitors Get access Gabriele Wiemer, Gabriele Wiemer Hoechst AG, SBU Cardiovascular Agents, H821, D-65926 Frankfurt/Main, Germany: G Wiemer, B A Schölkens, W Linz. Correspondence to Professor Wiemer. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernward A Schölkens, Bernward A Schölkens Hoechst AG, SBU Cardiovascular Agents, H821, D-65926 Frankfurt/Main, Germany: G Wiemer, B A Schölkens, W Linz. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wolfgang Linz Wolfgang Linz Hoechst AG, SBU Cardiovascular Agents, H821, D-65926 Frankfurt/Main, Germany: G Wiemer, B A Schölkens, W Linz. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 2, February 1994, Pages 166–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.2.166 Published: 01 February 1994 Article history Received: 12 May 1993 Accepted: 09 August 1993 Published: 01 February 1994
Mutations of NOTCH1 are an independent predictor of survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Davide Rossi, Silvia Rasi, Giulia Fabbri, Valeria Spina, Marco Fangazio, Francesco Forconi, Roberto Marasca, Luca Laurenti, Alessio Bruscaggin, Michaela Cerri, Sara Monti, Stefania Cresta, Rosella Famà, Lorenzo De Paoli, Pietro Bulian, Valter Gattei, Anna Guarini, Silvia Deaglio, Daniela Capello, Raul Rabadan, Laura Pasqualucci, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Robin Foà, Gianluca Gaidano
Journal: Blood (2011)
Expression profile of MDM-2 proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and their clinical relevance
Authors: Mohammad A. Haidar, Hamid El-Hajj, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Taghi Manshouri, Armand Glassman, Michael J. Keating, Maher Albitar
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

The MDM-2 oncoprotein exists in an autoregulatory feedback loop with the tumor suppressor protein p53. Therefore, intracellular levels of these two proteins may play important roles in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Several MDM-2 proteins (Mr 35–100 Kd) have been demonstrated in human cell lines. We report here the expression profile of MDM-2 and p53 proteins in 87 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as detected by immunoblot analysis. The MDM-2 proteins (p57, p59, p67, and p90) were found to be overexpressed in different combinations in 56/87 (64%) of cases of CLL when compared with normal volunteers. The MDM-2 protein p57 was predominantly overexpressed 46/87 (53%) in CLL. In 22/87 (25%) cases of CLL p57 was overexpressed alone, and in 24/87 (28%) cases it was co-overexpressed with other MDM-2 proteins p59/p67/p90. Six of the 87 cases of CLL showed overexpression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 by immunoblot analysis, and five of those cases also co-overexpress MDM-2 protein p57. No statistically significant correlation of MDM-2 protein overexpression to clinical disease stage and history of previous chemotherapy of CLL patients has been found. However, considering the oncogenic potential of overexpressed MDM-2 proteins, a possible role of MDM-2 proteins in the promotion of CLL disease remains to be evaluated. Am. J. Hematol. 54:189–195 © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Infant crying in context
Authors: Rami Nader, Elizabeth A. Job, Melanie Badali, Kenneth D. Craig
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Our focus has been on the role of early cry as a commanding source of information about infant pain and distress that requires interpretation by an adult caregiver. Its inherent ambiguity may offer an adaptive advantage, as resolution requires adult presence and scrutiny of other behavioral, physical, and contextual factors.
Violations of the international code of marketing of breast milk substitutes: prevalence in four countries
Authors: A. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the prevalence of violations of the international code of marketing of substitutes for breast milk in one city in each of Bangladesh, Poland, South Africa, and Thailand. <b>Design:</b> Multistage random sampling was used to select pregnant women and mothers of infants ≲6 months old to interview at health facilities. Women were asked whether they had received free samples of substitutes for breast milk (including infant formula designed to meet the nutritional needs of infants from birth to 4 to 6 months of age, follow on formula designed to replace infant formula at the age of 4 to 6 months, and complementary foods for infants aged ≲6 months), bottles, or teats. The source of the free sample and when it had been given to the women was also determined. 3 health workers were interviewed at each facility to assess whether the facility had received free samples, to determine how they had been used, and to determine whether gifts had been given to health workers by companies that manufactured or distributed breast milk substitutes. Compliance with the marketing code for information given to health workers was evaluated using a checklist. <b>Setting:</b> Health facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh; Warsaw, Poland; Durban, South Africa; and Bangkok, Thailand. <b>Subjects:</b> 1468 pregnant women, 1582 mothers of infants aged ≲6 months, and 466 health workers at 165 health facilities. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number of free samples received by pregnant women, mothers, and health workers; number of gifts given to health workers; and availability of information that violated the code in health facilities. <b>Results:</b> 97 out of 370 (26%) mothers in Bangkok reported receiving free samples of breast milk substitutes, infant formula, bottles, or teats compared with only 1 out of 385 mothers in Dhaka. Across the four cities from 3 out of 40 (8%) to 20 out of 40 (50%) health facilities had received free samples which were not being used for research or professional evaluation; from 2 out of 123 (2%) to 21 out of 119 (18%) health workers had received gifts from companies involved in the manufacturing or distribution of breast milk substitutes. From 6 out of 40 (15%) to 22 out of 39 (56%) health facilities information that violated the code had been provided by companies and was available to staff. <b>Conclusion:</b> Violations of the code were detected with a simple survey instrument in all of the four countries studied. Governmental and non-governmental agencies should monitor the prevalence of code violations using the simple methodology developed for this study.
UK committee recommends flexible sigmoidoscopy to screen for bowel cancer
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK National Screening Committee has recommended that flexible sigmoidoscopy be introduced to the national screening programme for bowel cancer, after reviewing available evidence and a public consultation on the issue.

The committee, which advises the health services of all four UK countries on national screening policy, looked at new evidence on the options for screening for colorectal cancer.

Jim Chilcott, senior research fellow at the School of Health and Related Research at the University of Sheffield, reappraised the options for colorectal screening on the basis of new data from three sources: the …
Transmission and molecular characterisation of wild measles virus in Romania, 2008 to 2012
Authors: G Necula, M Lazar, A Stanescu, A Pistol, S Santibanez, A Mankertz, E Lupulescu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Molecular characterisation of measles virus is a powerful tool for tracing transmission. Genotyping may prove the absence of endemic circulation of measles virus, i.e. transmission for more than 12 months, which is one of the criteria for verifying elimination of the disease. We have genetically characterised measles viruses detected in Romania from 2008 to 2012, focusing on the recent outbreaks from 2010 to 2012 that affected mainly groups with limited access to healthcare and schools. The findings emphasise the importance of genotyping during the different phases of an outbreak. A total of 8,170 cases were notified, and 5,093 (62%) of the 7,559 possible cases were serologically confirmed. RT-PCR was performed for 104 samples: from the 101 positive samples obtained from sporadic measles cases or clusters from different counties, 73 were genotyped. Sporadic measles cases associated with D4 and D5 viruses were observed from2008 to 2009. Genotype D4-Manchester was predominant in 2011 and 2012. In addition, the related variant D4-Maramures and MVs/Limoges.FRA/17.10[D4] and a few D4-Hamburg strains were detected. The detection of several distinct MV-D4 genotypes suggests multiple virus importations to Romania. The outbreak associated with D4 genotype is the second largest outbreak in Romania in less than 10 years.
Excess mortality in patients with asthma on long-acting 2-agonists
Authors: J. Hasford, J. C. Virchow
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Asthma ranks among the most common of chronic diseases in the Western world. Although modern therapy has improved patient care, asthma still affects 5–10% of the population and, according to the World Health Organization, claims the lives of some 12,000 patients per year in Western Europe 1. β2-Agonists are potent bronchodilators and are the most widely prescribed drugs for asthma worldwide. National and international guidelines recommend short-acting β2-agonists as as-needed therapy for symptomatic relief in all stages of asthma. Long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) have been recommended as controller medication for moderate and severe asthma. Nevertheless, the safety profile of short-acting β2-agonists has been questioned due to possible detrimental effects on asthma control 2–5. Recent evidence and meta-analysis suggest an increased risk for cardiovascular complications in patients using β2-agonists 6–8 and, in addition, there is evidence suggesting that the frequent use of these drugs might increase the risk of premature death 9–11. The hypothesis that β2-agonists can have fatal adverse effects was first demonstrated in the late 1960s 12. Inman and Adelstein 12 reported a 30–700% increase, depending on age, in asthma death in patients using pressurised aerosols containing, most often, isoprenaline. The excess mortality in patients with asthma at that time was attributed to overdosing (metered-dose aerosols were not widely available at the time). β2-Agonists came into focus again in the 1980s, when more selective β2-agonists were introduced in metered-dose inhalers. However, in the 1990s, case–control studies showed that the use of these drugs was associated with an increased risk of fatal asthma, even when inhaled from a metered-dose inhaler. A dose-dependent risk of death from asthma was reported, which increased up to 20-fold with …
Diffusely Increased F-18 FDG Uptake in Bone Marrow in a Patient With Acute Anemia and Recent Erythropoietin Therapy
Authors: Anne Plantade, Fran??oise Montravers, Fr??d??ric Selle, Victor Izrael, Jean-No??l Talbot
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Diffuse uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) by the whole skeleton has been described in case of bone marrow stimulation resulting from treatment with colony-stimulating factors (CSFs): granulocyte CSF or granulocyte-macrophage CSF. The authors describe such an aspect of diffuse FDG uptake by the bone marrow during the follow-up of rectal cancer in a patient with anemia and recently treated thrice weekly by erythropoietin. To their knowledge, such an aspect of diffuse FDG uptake by the skeleton, revealing the bone marrow stimulation by erythropoietin, has not yet been reported.