tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Byssinosis: a follow-up study of workers exposed to fine grade cotton dust
Authors: F. Valic, E. Zuskin
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A follow-up study was made in a group of cotton workers processing fine grade cotton fibres. Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory capacity were first recorded in 1962 and later in 1971. In 1962, 20 men and 23 women were examined whereas in 1971 only 15 of the men and 13 of the women were still in the mill. In 1962 no case of byssinosis was recorded. The prevalence of chronic cough and chronic bronchitis was higher among men than women. In 1971 the incidence of byssinosis was 20% in men and 23% in women and the prevalence of all other respiratory symptoms had also increased. In men there was a significant mean decrease of the forced expired volume in 0·75 sec (FEV<sub>0.75</sub>) over the shift both in 1962 (P&lt;0·05) and in 1971 (P&lt;0·01). In women the mean acute decrease of FEV<sub>0.75</sub> over the shift in 1962 was not statistically significant (P&gt;0·05), but in 1971 it was (P&lt;0·05). The mean acute reductions of FEV<sub>0·75</sub> were considerably higher in 1971 than in 1962. In byssinotics these changes were considerably higher than in non-byssinotics. The chronic effect on ventilatory capacity of exposure to fine cotton dust was not observed in this study.
THE BUSINESS SIDE OF A PHYSICIAN'S LIFE.
Authors: H. BROOKER MILLS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

. . . So far as reviewing the work of the past year is concerned, I would only like to call your attention to the excellent work done by both the scientific business and membership committees, together with the faithful work of the secretary and the hearty co-operation of the members. I feel that our programs have always been a credit to the society; our attendance has been on a gradual increase; our membership roll has increased rapidly, and our benefit to the profession at large has been more felt than ever before. That the branch movement in the county medical society was a good one, has been well proved by the past two years' work of our own branch, and not only has it been the means of causing a great deal of good work to be done, but it has also shown us in what direction much more
Medical "Experts" in Litigation
Authors: JAMES R. WEBSTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1988Medical "Experts" in LitigationJAMES R. WEBSTER, M.D.JAMES R. WEBSTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-637_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Brennan's (1) erudite discussion regarding the principles of testimony in toxic suits highlights a number of important issues and provides an excellent outline for expert medical witnesses and the lawyers who have to prepare them for trial. However, having recently finished extensive testimony in a dioxin suit (106 days, much of it on cross examination) (2), I think Brennan underestimates what I consider the major problem in such suits. I am speaking of the effects of so-called "experts" who reflexively and inductively support plaintiffs' claims to their own personal financial benefit.One physician who testified for the...References1. BRENNAN T. Untangling causation issues in law and medicine: hazardous substance litigation. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:741-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Time Magazine. March 23, 1987. Google Scholar3. New York Times. December 27, 1987. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, IL 60611 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLandesbericht Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika 1 April 1988Volume 108, Issue 4Page: 637-638 Issue Published: 1 April 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Timing of tracheostomy in adult patients: Potential ramifications are alarming
Authors: Carl Philpott, Alex Bennett, Peter Tassone
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Timing of tracheostomy in adult patients Potential ramifications are alarmingEditor-In their systematic review and meta-analysis Griffiths et al conclude that tracheostomies should be performed earlier in critically ill patients. 1As ear, nose, and throat surgeons we find the potential ramifications quite alarming, primarily as undertaking this major operation is not without potential morbidity in patients who are already systemically unwell. 2 3 These patients are often anaemic and have coagulopathies and sepsis among other comorbidities-points that we thought the authors had not discussed, and factors that have implications for the surgical procedure.In our experience, many patients listed for tracheostomy from intensive care units are extubated or sometimes die while waiting for their procedure; if tracheostomy were performed immediately these patients would be subjected to unnecessary procedures.The postoperative sequelae of tracheostomy are a slow weaning process before patients can be decannulated, followed by potential tracheal stenosis. 4hese patients may be able to leave intensive care earlier, but Griffiths et al do not say how long they then remain inpatients before discharge because of problems with rehabilitation with a tracheostomy tube in situ.Interestingly, although duration of ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were shortened by an earlier tracheostomy, mortality was not altered and inpatient stay was likely to have been lengthened. 5he authors divided timing of tracheostomy into two groups, demarcated by seven days after intubation, making an artificial separation that seems invalid.It would have been more interesting to see whether increasing number of days have a proportional relation to the duration of ventilation and stay in intensive care on a linear scale.We advise great caution in interpreting the findings of Griffiths et al and about its impact on the delivery of the tracheostomy service in hospitals.
DEPENDENCE OF THE COLD PRESSOR REACTION ON PERIPHERAL SENSATION
Authors: J. D. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Hines and Brown<sup>1</sup>in 1932 introduced the local application of cold stimuli as a procedure for the quantitative estimation of the reactivity of the vasomotor system. They were seeking a standard stimulus to increase the blood pressure. The cold pressor test has since been extensively used.<sup>2</sup> These investigators<sup>1</sup>describe the changes which occur when the hand is immersed in ice water: "The systolic and diastolic blood pressures immediately rise, and return to the basal in from one to two minutes. Similar results are obtained by placing a foot in cold water, but there is no augmented response by placing both hands or both feet, or all four extremities, in ice water. We assumed that the basis of this reaction is the sudden stimulation of the cutaneous nerves of temperature and pain. The response is too rapid to be the result of hormonal and chemical influences." To prove
Regulation of osteoclast development by Notch signaling directed to osteoclast precursors and through stromal cells
Authors: Takayuki Yamada, Hidetoshi Yamazaki, Toshiyuki Yamane, Miya Yoshino, Hiromi Okuyama, Motokazu Tsuneto, Tomomi Kurino, Shin-Ichi Hayashi, Seiji Sakano
Journal: Blood (2003)
Phenolic compounds isolated from Pilea microphylla prevent radiation-induced cellular DNA damage
Authors: Punit Bansal, Piya Paul, Pawan G. Nayak, Steve T. Pannakal, Jian-hua Zou, Hartmut Laatsch, K.I. Priyadarsini, M.K. Unnikrishnan
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

Six phenolic compounds namely, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (1), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-rutinoside (4), apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5) and quercetin (6) were isolated from the whole plant of Pilea microphylla using conventional open-silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Further, these compounds were characterized by 1D, 2D NMR techniques and high-resolution LC–MS. Compounds 1–3 and 6 exhibited significant antioxidant potential in scavenging free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS and SOD with IC50 of 3.3–20.4 μmol/L. The same compounds also prevented lipid peroxidation with IC50 of 10.4–32.2 μmol/L. The compounds also significantly prevented the Fenton reagent-induced calf thymus DNA damage. Pre-treatment with compounds 1–3 and 6 in V79 cells attenuated radiation-induced formation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, cytotoxicity and DNA damage, correlating the antioxidant activity of polyphenols with their radioprotective effects. Compounds 1, 3 and 6 significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation, presumably due to 3′,4′-catechol ortho-dihydroxy moiety in the B-ring, which has a strong affinity for phospholipid membranes. Oxidation of flavonoids, with catechol structure on B-ring, yields a fairly stable ortho-semiquinone radical by facilitating electron delocalization, which is involved in antioxidant mechanism. Hence, the flavonoid structure, number and location of hydroxyl groups together determine the antioxidant and radioprotection mechanism.
DISTRIBUTION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE STUDIES: AN AGE- AND GENDER-BASED ANALYSIS.
Authors: M R Patterson, R E Weiner, R P Spencer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scientific Abstracts And Posters From The 44Th Annual Meeting Of The Southwestern Chapter Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine, And From The 12Th Northeastern Regional Scientific Meeting Of The New England And New York Chapters Of The Society Of Nuclear Medicine
Sensitization to aeroallergens depends on environmental factors
Authors: W. POPP, H. ZWICK, K. STEYRER, H. RAUSCHER, T. WANKE
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Respiratory allergies and subclinical sensitization to aeroallergens were investigated in 129 rural and in 222 urban probands. The incidence of respiratory allergies was not significantly higher in the urban residents. Sensitization to aeroallergens was investigated with Phadezym RAST (house dust mite, Cladosporium, orchard grass, birch pollens) and the Phadiatop multi RAST and found to be significantly more frequent in polluted than in unpolluted areas. Allergen-specific IgE was detected n 37.8% of urban probands and in 25.6% of rural probands with Phadezym RAST (P less than 0.025) and a positive Phadiatop multi RAST was found in 43.7% versus 32.6 (P less than 0.05).
Apex echocardiography. A two-dimensional technique for evaluating congenital heart disease.
Authors: N H Silverman, N B Schiller
Journal: Circulation (1978)

We have evaluated apex echocardiography, using an 80 degrees phased array sector scanner, in 368 patients with congenital heart disease. With the patient lying with the left side dependent, the transducer is placed over the apex of the heart and cross sectional images are obtained in the plane perpendicular to the cardiac septa and through the orifices of the mitral and tricuspid valves. In this view, the chambers are side by side and both atria and ventricles are separated by their respective septa and atrioventricular valves. Defects in the region of the septa can be detected. Congenital defects involving the atrioventricular valves, such as endocardial cushion defects, tricuspid atresia, and Ebstein's anomaly, can be defined. The location of the baffle after Mustard's operation for aortopulmonary transposition and intra-atrial structures, such as the membrance in cor triatriatum, can be seen. The position of the apex of the heart can be located in dextro, levo, or mesocardia by definition of the apex image. The relative size of the ventricular septum can be identified with the apex image. We have found this technique to be valuable in patients with congenital heart disease who are undergoing cross sectional echocardiography.
Radiotherapy for the future
Authors: Bleddyn Jones, Neil Burnet
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Protons and ions hold much promise 

C harged particle beams (CPB), consisting of protons or carbon ions produced in a cyclotron or synchrotron, are an important development in radiotherapy.1 w1 Compared with conventional x rays, charged particle beams produce excellent dose distributions to tumours and reduced doses to normal tissues. They thus hold out the promise of enhanced treatments for cancer and improved quality of life for patients being treated.

All the major technical advances in radiotherapy, such as increasing x ray energies and better target localisation have improved accuracy and outcomes,w2 w3 without direct evidence from randomised clinical trials. The one modern exception, conformal radiotherapy (using better shaped x ray beams to conform with tumour geometry), was tested in a randomised trial only in the United Kingdom: the reduction in serious morbidity found has led to extensive use.w4

Treatment with charged particle beams marks a more radical change from incremental improvements in x ray based therapy. Its safe implementation has been made possible by improved tumour and normal tissue imaging using spiral computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, rapid three dimensional dose plan computing, and the industrial manufacture of entire CPB …
Fetal Aortic Valvuloplasty for Evolving Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Authors: Lindsay R. Freud, Doff B. McElhinney, Audrey C. Marshall, Gerald R. Marx, Kevin G. Friedman, Pedro J. del Nido, Sitaram M. Emani, Terra Lafranchi, Virginia Silva, Louise E. Wilkins-Haug, Carol B. Benson, James E. Lock, Wayne Tworetzky
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Fetal aortic valvuloplasty can be performed for severe midgestation aortic stenosis in an attempt to prevent progression to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). A subset of patients has achieved a biventricular (BV) circulation after fetal aortic valvuloplasty. The postnatal outcomes and survival of the BV patients, in comparison with those managed as HLHS, have not been reported.We included 100 patients who underwent fetal aortic valvuloplasty for severe midgestation aortic stenosis with evolving HLHS from March 2000 to January 2013. Patients were categorized based on postnatal management as BV or HLHS. Clinical records were reviewed. Eighty-eight fetuses were live-born, and 38 had a BV circulation (31 from birth, 7 converted after initial univentricular palliation). Left-sided structures, namely aortic and mitral valve sizes and left ventricular volume, were significantly larger in the BV group at the time of birth (P<0.01). After a median follow-up of 5.4 years, freedom from cardiac death among all BV patients was 96±4% at 5 years and 84±12% at 10 years, which was better than HLHS patients (log-rank P=0.04). There was no cardiac mortality in patients with a BV circulation from birth. All but 1 of the BV patients required postnatal intervention; 42% underwent aortic or mitral valve replacement. On the most recent echocardiogram, the median left ventricular end-diastolic volume z score was +1.7 (range, -1.3 to +8.2), and 80% had normal ejection fraction.Short- and intermediate-term survival among patients who underwent fetal aortic valvuloplasty and achieved a BV circulation postnatally is encouraging. However, morbidity still exists, and ongoing assessment is warranted.
Abstract 3238: Frizzled-8 receptor is activated by the Wnt-2 ligant in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dawn Bravo, Zhidong Xu, Kristopher Kuchenbecker, Biao He, David M. Jablons, Liang You
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality throughout the world. We previously showed that the Wnt signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in lung cancer. In this report, we investigated the role of interactions between different Frizzled receptors and the Wnt-2 ligant in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure expression of Frz-8 and Wnt-2 from fifty freshly resected lung tumors and matched normal lung tissue. A human dominant-negative Wnt-2 mutant (dnhWnt-2) was designed to target the interactions between Fzd-8 and Wnt-2 in vitro and in vivo. pTOPflash/pFOPflash luciferase activity assay was used to detect TCF/β-catenine transcription activity. Crystal violet staining assay was used to determine the colony formation. A mouse xenogrant model using A549 cells transfected with dnhWnt-2 vector or control vector was used to detect tumorigenic effects. Results: RT-PCR analysis showed that Wnt-2 overexpression is in correlation with overexpression of Fzd-8 in 45/50 (90%) tumor samples analyzed. Coexpression of the dnhWnt-2 construct together with Wnt-2 and Fzd8 expression vectors in 293T, 293 and A549 cells strongly reduced TCF-dependent transcriptional activity (TOPflash assay) as compared with cells transfected with control vectors. In lung cancer cell line A549, naturally overexpressing both Wnt-2 and Fzd8, the dnhWnt-2 construct induced cell death, inhibited cell proliferation. Results from colony formation assay showed 50% reduction in colonies formed from the dnhWnt-2 transfected cells as compared to control vector. A tumor xenograft model of A549 cells expressing the dnhWnt-2 mutant, demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor formation 43 days after cell inoculation (p&amp;lt;0.02) with reduced Wnt downstream target gene expressions (Survivin, c-Myc, Dvl-3 and Cyclin- D1) compared to control tumors. Conclusion: This report demonstrated a novel interaction between Frz-8 receptor and Wnt-2 ligant in non-small cell lung cancer. Inhibition of this interaction may provide a new therapeutic avenue in targeting the Wnt pathway in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3238. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3238
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Charles L. Sawyers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In the past decade clinical and laboratory studies have led to important new insights into the biology of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Basic science has defined the molecular pathogenesis of CML as unregulated signal transduction by a tyrosine kinase. Clinical science has demonstrated that it is curable through immune-mediated elimination of leukemia cells by allogeneic T lymphocytes.Clinical FeaturesCML is a malignant clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells that results in increases in not only myeloid cells but also erythroid cells and platelets in peripheral blood and marked myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow (Figure 1A, Figure 1B, andFigure 1C). . . .
Heart rate variability as a prognostic tool in cardiology. A contribution to the problem from a theoretical point of view.
Authors: M Moser, M Lehofer, A Sedminek, M Lux, H G Zapotoczky, T Kenner, A Noordergraaf
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Recent clinical studies have proposed standard deviation of heart rate as a diagnostic tool for the outcome of cardiac infarction. Mathematical analysis of heart rate variability shows that heart rate is influenced by different frequency components derived from different parts of the autonomous nervous system. In the experimental part of this study, we investigated the possibility of calculating a variable describing the parasympathetic branch of the autonomous nervous system exclusively. METHODS AND RESULTS In 60 healthy volunteers, heart rate was measured to 1 millisecond during two different conditions: 5 minutes of rest, and 5 minutes of intermittent handgrip dynamometry; the latter is known to increase sympathetic arousal selectively. Heart rate was found to be lower at rest (65.9 +/- 9.7 beats per minute) than during dynamometry (72.8 +/- 10.4 beats per minute, P &lt; .001). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) calculated from the mean absolute differences between successive heart beats showed no significant change (3.01 +/- 1.62 beats per minute at rest versus 2.97 +/- 1.30 beats per minute during dynamometry). In contrast, standard deviation increased from 5.19 +/- 1.98 to 9.22 +/- 3.56 beats per minute (P &lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded from these data as well as from other plots presented in this article that RSA is a measure of the parasympathetic vagal tone, whereas standard deviation is increased by both sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal. Clinical evidence and data from physiological experiments are presented to show that a selective measure of vagal tone like RSA may offer advantages over standard deviation as a prognostic tool in cardiology.
Correction of murine ADAMTS13 deficiency by hematopoietic progenitor cell–mediated gene therapy
Authors: Pablo Laje, Dezhi Shang, Wenjing Cao, Masami Niiya, Masayuki Endo, Antoneta Radu, Nicole DeRogatis, Friedrich Scheiflinger, Philip W. Zoltick, Alan W. Flake, X. Long Zheng
Journal: Blood (2009)
High Blood Monocyte Counts and Neopterin Levels in Children With Autistic Disorder
Authors: Thayne L. Sweeten, David J. Posey, Christopher J. McDougle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

Leukocyte counts and plasma neopterin levels were determined in autistic children and matched healthy comparison subjects.Blood from 31 autistic children and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy comparison subjects was analyzed for numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and total leukocytes and for plasma neopterin levels.The monocyte count and neopterin level were significantly higher in the autistic children than in the comparison subjects.These results suggest that the immune system may be activated in some children with autism.
Allergic Reaction to Doxorubicin
Authors: E. Fallah-Sohy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although allergic reactions to the anthracycline antibiotics have been observed for several years,<sup>1</sup>the recent article by Souhami and Feld (240:1624, 1978) emphasizes the relative frequency of urticarial reactions, mostly regional to the intravenous injection site. We report a generalized urticarial reaction proved to be due to doxorubicin hydrochloride. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> The condition of a 61-year-old man was diagnosed as anaplastic small cell carcinoma of the right lung with bone marrow and liver metastases. He received the first course of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine sulfate by rapid intravenous injection preceded by prochlorperazine, 10 mg intramuscularly, on June 28,1978. Shortly after, mild pruritus and urticaria of the face, shoulders, and back developed but tachycardia, hypotension, or bronchospasm did not. He was treated with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 50 mg intramuscularly, and the rash disappeared in two hours. On July 31, a chest roentgenogram showed a