tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of various hemodialysis membranes on the plasma (1→3)-β-D-glucan level
Authors: Hiroko Kanda, Kanae Kubo, Ken Hamasaki, Yoshinobu Kanda, Akihide Nakao, Tadaichi Kitamura, Toshiro Fujita, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Toshihide Mimura
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
US jails hold 10 times more mentally ill people than state hospitals, report finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We have characterized the pharmacological antagonism, i.e., neutral antagonism or inverse agonism, displayed by a number of α-blockers at two α1-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes, α<sub>1a</sub>- and α<sub>1b</sub>-AR. Constitutively activating mutations were introduced into the α<sub>1a</sub>-AR at the position homologous to A293 of the α<sub>1b</sub>-AR where activating mutations were previously described. Twenty-four α-blockers differing in their chemical structures were initially tested for their effect on the agonist-independent inositol phosphate response mediated by the constitutively active A271E and A293E mutants expressed in COS-7 cells. A selected number of drugs also were tested for their effect on the small, but measurable spontaneous activity of the wild-type α<sub>1a</sub>- and α<sub>1b</sub>-AR expressed in COS-7 cells. The results of our study demonstrate that a large number of structurally different α-blockers display profound negative efficacy at both the α<sub>1a</sub>- and α<sub>1b</sub>-AR subtypes. For other drugs, the negative efficacy varied at the different constitutively active mutants. The most striking difference concerns a group of <i>N</i>-arylpiperazines, including 8-[2-[4-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4,5] decane-7,9-dione (REC 15/3039), REC 15/2739, and REC 15/3011, which are inverse agonists with profound negative efficacy at the wild-type α<sub>1b</sub>-AR, but not at the α<sub>1a</sub>-AR.
Abstract 1764: Overexpression of the DNA repair regulator PARI in pancreatic cancers promotes genomic instability and tumorigenesis.
Authors: Kevin O'Connor, Donniphat Dejsuphong, Alan D'Andrea, George-Lucian Moldovan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Inappropriate homologous recombination (HR) causes genomic instability and cancer. We recently showed that the protein PARI, containing a UvrD-like helicase domain, is a novel PCNA interacting partner, required for preservation of genome stability in human and DT40 chicken cells (Moldovan et al, Molecular Cell 2012). Using cell-based and biochemical assays, we showed that PARI restricts unscheduled recombination by interfering with the formation of RAD51-DNA HR structures. Thus, we proposed that PARI is a long sought-after factor that suppresses inappropriate recombination events at mammalian replication forks. We recently found that PARI is specifically overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells (O'Connor et al, Cancer Research, in revision). PARI up-regulation results in DNA repair deficiency and genomic instability. Importantly, PARI knockdown compromises the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. PARI depletion results in an altered cell cycle, defined by S-phase accumulation, perturbed DNA replication, and activation of the DNA damage response pathway in the absence of exogenous DNA damage. Moreover, we found that in pancreatic cancer cells, PARI overexpression results in DNA damage tolerance by promoting replication of damaged DNA. Finally, using a xenograft tumor model in nude mice we show that PARI knockdown reduces pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. Thus, our work suggests that PARI is a potential target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma therapy. Citation Format: Kevin O'Connor, Donniphat Dejsuphong, Alan D'Andrea, George-Lucian Moldovan. Overexpression of the DNA repair regulator PARI in pancreatic cancers promotes genomic instability and tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1764. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1764
Does a Patient-Held Quality-of-Life Diary Benefit Patients With Inoperable Lung Cancer?
Authors: Moyra E. Mills, Liam J. Murray, Brian T. Johnston, Chris Cardwell, Michael Donnelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To examine the effect of weekly completion of a patient-held quality-of-life (QOL) diary in routine oncology practice for palliative care patients.In a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 115 patients with inoperable lung cancer were randomly assigned to receive either standard care or a structured QOL diary (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and the related lung cancer module LC13) that they completed at home each week for 16 weeks. Patients were encouraged to share the QOL information with health professionals involved in their care. Changes in QOL over time (measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung questionnaire and the Palliative Care Quality of Life Index), discussion of patient problems, and satisfaction with communication and general care were assessed at baseline and at 2 and 4 months after baseline.Analysis of QOL indicated a small but consistent difference between patients in the diary group and the standard care group. The diary group had a poorer QOL in many domains. Two different QOL summary scores (total and overall QOL) indicated a statistically significant between-group difference. No effects were found in relation to satisfaction with care, communication, or the discussion of patient problems.The regular completion of a QOL questionnaire without appropriate feedback to health care professionals and without the provision of appropriate support may have a negative impact on inoperable lung cancer patients. Further research should focus on identifying features such as feedback loops that are required for the successful and meaningful use of QOL questionnaires in routine patient care.
Misrepresentation of Randomized Controlled Trials in Press Releases and News Coverage: A Cohort Study
Authors: Amélie Yavchitz, Isabelle Boutron, Aida Bafeta, Ibrahim Marroun, Pierre Charles, Jean Mantz, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Previous studies indicate that in published reports, trial results can be distorted by the use of "spin" (specific reporting strategies, intentional or unintentional, emphasizing the beneficial effect of the experimental treatment). We aimed to (1) evaluate the presence of "spin" in press releases and associated media coverage; and (2) evaluate whether findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on press releases and media coverage are misinterpreted.We systematically searched for all press releases indexed in the EurekAlert! database between December 2009 and March 2010. Of the 498 press releases retrieved and screened, we included press releases for all two-arm, parallel-group RCTs (n = 70). We obtained a copy of the scientific article to which the press release related and we systematically searched for related news items using Lexis Nexis. "Spin," defined as specific reporting strategies (intentional or unintentional) emphasizing the beneficial effect of the experimental treatment, was identified in 28 (40%) scientific article abstract conclusions and in 33 (47%) press releases. From bivariate and multivariable analysis assessing the journal type, funding source, sample size, type of treatment (drug or other), results of the primary outcomes (all nonstatistically significant versus other), author of the press release, and the presence of "spin" in the abstract conclusion, the only factor associated, with "spin" in the press release was "spin" in the article abstract conclusions (relative risk [RR] 5.6, [95% CI 2.8-11.1], p < 0.001). Findings of RCTs based on press releases were overestimated for 19 (27%) reports. News items were identified for 41 RCTs; 21 (51%) were reported with "spin," mainly the same type of "spin" as those identified in the press release and article abstract conclusion. Findings of RCTs based on the news item was overestimated for ten (24%) reports."Spin" was identified in about half of press releases and media coverage. In multivariable analysis, the main factor associated with "spin" in press releases was the presence of "spin" in the article abstract conclusion.
Persistent diarrhoea after presumed Clostridium difficile infection at Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust: an unrecognised entity
Authors: T. Parks, T. Chapman, E. Culver, M. Scarborough
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients presumed to have <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (CDI) often suffer from persisting diarrhoea despite appropriate antibiotic chemotherapy. This phenomenon may occur in up to 50% of patients admitted to Medicine for the Elderly.1 We set out to investigate the frequency of prolonged diarrhoea locally and to identify potential associations with age and markers of disease severity. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively reviewed the medical notes, bedside charts and laboratory results of all adult inpatients with CDI over a three month period. Our predetermined case definition was a clinical diagnosis of CDI (at the time of the illness) plus documented diarrhoea and a positive faecal toxin enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In addition, we obtained the results of faecal <i>C difficile</i> culture from an ongoing study of CDI at our institution. Data were analysed using STATA10. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-six patients met the case definition, of which 60 (79%) had notes available. Poor documentation in 6 (10%) and discharge with ongoing diarrhoea in 7 (12%) made it impossible to determine the duration of diarrhoea. In the remaining 47 patients (78%), the median duration of diarrhoea was 10 days (IQR, 6–20.5 days). Ten patients (21%) had symptoms for 3 weeks or more. Duration was independent of age (p=0.78) and of clinical and laboratory markers of severity (table 1). Five patients (23%) with diarrhoea persisting beyond the median were culture negative compared with 3 (13%) of those with shorter duration although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.3). Conclusion In this study, persistence of diarrhoea was common, not limited to the elderly, and often prolonged. This places a significant burden on hospital resources. The origin of the problem is unclear but continued severe inflammation seems unlikely given the distribution of our markers of severity across the two groups. Further, false positive EIA results are well recognised; a total of 15 (25%) of the 60 patients in the study were EIA positive but culture negative. This, together with the difficulty distinguishing colonisation from infection, raises the possibility that other causes of diarrhoea may have been under-diagnosed.
Identifying reports of controlled trials in the BMJ and the Lancet
Authors: S. J McDonald, C. Lefebvre, M. J Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In 1994 the European Union BIOMED programme awarded £330 000 to a project, coordinated by the UK Cochrane Centre, to identify reports of randomised controlled trials in general health care journals in Europe. The rationale is that reports of randomised controlled trials are difficult to identify through sources such as Medline.1 For example, a study of the first six months of Medline for 1993 identified over 400 reports of randomised controlled trials which were not coded as such, despite having the word random or randomised in the title or abstract.2 A systematic review in 1993 indicated that, on average, searches of Medline identify only 50% of trials.3 We present here the results of handsearching the BMJ and the Lancet from 1948 onwards to identify reports of trials.

Twenty handsearchers were trained …
Prostacyclin biosynthesis and phospholipase activity in hypoxic rat myocardium.
Authors: H Kawaguchi, H Yasuda
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Phospholipid metabolism was studied in rat myocardial slices that were incubated under normoxia or hypoxia for up to 24 hours. Phospholipid degradation was prominent in hypoxic myocardium, particularly phosphatidylcholine, which markedly decreased after 24 hours of hypoxia. In contrast, lysophosphatidylcholine increased. The mechanism of phospholipid degradation in hypoxic myocardium was studied. The highest activity for phospholipase A2 among subcellular fractions was found in microsomal fraction. In hypoxic myocardium, this phospholipase A2 activity markedly increased and had substrate specificity toward phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylcholine was slightly hydrolyzed in control myocardium, but it was markedly hydrolyzed in hypoxic myocardium. Phospholipase C activity was found in cytosol and had a high substrate specificity toward phosphatidylinositol. In hypoxic myocardium, its activity gradually decreased during hypoxic incubation. Prostacyclin biosynthesis was also determined. The synthesis of prostacyclin in hypoxic myocardial microsomes did not increase. These results suggest that hypoxia causes phospholipid degradation and activates phospholipase A2 activity.
The safety of tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a review
Authors: M.H.A. Rustin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Tacrolimus ointment is a topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) that was developed specifically for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). It is one of the most extensively tested dermatological products, with more than 19 000 patients (including approximately 7600 children) having participated in the tacrolimus ointment clinical development programme. Recent regulatory reviews have focused on the potential risk of malignancy with TCIs, based on their mode of action and the effects of systemic tacrolimus when given to transplant recipients. Studies have shown, however, that the systemic absorption of tacrolimus when applied topically is very low, with blood concentrations being below the level of quantification in most patients. Moreover, TCIs are not associated with a decrease in immunocompetence in the skin and there is no increase in the incidence of infections with long-term treatment. More than 5.4 million prescriptions for tacrolimus ointment have been issued worldwide, with no evidence of an increased risk of malignancy in adults or children compared with the general population. Similarly, epidemiological studies have failed to demonstrate an increased incidence of skin cancer in patients using TCIs. The most common adverse events (AEs) that occur with tacrolimus ointment treatment are transient application-site reactions, such as burning or pruritus. These complications are related to disease severity, and decrease in frequency over time as AD improves. The incidence of nonapplication-site AEs does not increase with long-term treatment, and most such events occurring in clinical trials were considered to be unrelated to therapy. Although it is important that clinicians are aware of the recent changes in product labelling, extensive clinical trials continue to show that tacrolimus ointment is well tolerated, and is generally an effective therapy for suitable patients with AD.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as adjunct to primary care management for tennis elbow: pragmatic randomised controlled trial (TATE trial)
Authors: L. S. Chesterton, A. M. Lewis, J. Sim, C. D. Mallen, E. E. Mason, E. M. Hay, D. A. van der Windt
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To investigate the effectiveness of supplementing information and advice on analgesia and exercise from a general practitioner with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a non-drug form of analgesia to reduce pain intensity in patients with tennis elbow.Pragmatic randomised controlled trial in primary care.38 general practices in the West Midlands, UK.241 adults consulting with a first or new (no consultation in previous six months) clinical diagnosis of tennis elbow.Participants were randomly allocated to either primary care management alone, consisting of a consultation with a general practitioner followed by information and advice on exercises, or primary care management plus TENS to be used once a day for 45 minutes over six weeks (or until symptom resolution) for pain relief.The primary outcome was self reported intensity of elbow pain (0-10 rating scale) at six weeks. Primary and secondary outcomes were measured at baseline and at six weeks, six months, and 12 months by postal questionnaire. Analysis was by intention to treat.121 participants were randomised to primary care management plus TENS and 120 to primary care management only (first episode, n=197 (82%); duration <1-3 months, n=138 (57%)). Adherence to exercise and TENS recommendations reported at six weeks was low; only 42 participants in the primary care management plus TENS group met a priori defined adherence criteria. Both intervention groups showed large improvements in pain and secondary outcomes, especially during the first six weeks of follow-up. However, no clinically or statistically significant differences were seen between groups at any follow-up timepoint. At the primary endpoint (six weeks), the between group difference in improvement of pain was -0.33 (95% confidence interval -0.96 to 0.31; P=0.31) in favour of the primary care management only group, with adjustment for age, sex, and baseline pain score.This trial does not provide evidence for additional benefit of TENS as an adjunct to primary care management of tennis elbow. Poor adherence to interventions is evidence of the challenges of implementing self management treatment strategies in primary care.Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN87141084.
Case 32-1971
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. McNeely, W. Davies Sohier, Edward P. Richardson, Albert R. Keller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Presentation of CaseAn 81-year-old right-handed house painter was admitted to the hospital because of hemiplegia.He had been generally well and active until eight weeks previously, when a physician prescribed indomethacin because of an increase in long standing arthritic pain. Subsequently, an episode of dizziness occurred while the patient was playing golf, and indomethacin was omitted. Two weeks later there was the onset of progressive weakness in the right arm and leg. Two weeks before admission he fell, sustaining minor abrasions in the right parietal region, and was admitted to another hospital. Examination revealed mild right hemiparesis, with considerable . . .
Blood Exchange in the Treatment of Hepatic Coma
Authors: Robert L. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Massive necrosis of the liver in acute hepatitis is frequently followed by regeneration of hepatic cells. Life is threatened during the destructive phase. With the theory that exchange transfusion might support life until regenerating liver cells resume function, the procedure was used in seven comatose patients. Three regained consciousness and two became long-term survivors. In two additional cases the exchange produced apparent improvement but the patient died. The cause of death in one was cerebral ischemia sustained during an apneic episode, and in the second case death was due to septicemia and septic shock from an infected surgical wound. Exchange transfusion did not affect the fatal course in two patients. The measurable biochemical changes consisted of reduction in levels of serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and transaminase and prothrombin time.
Weaning Patients from Mechanical Ventilation Using Gastric pH
Authors: Z. Mohsenifar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 March 1994Weaning Patients from Mechanical Ventilation Using Gastric pHZ. Mohsenifar, MD, Spencer K. Koerner, MD, and Michael I. Lewis, MDZ. Mohsenifar, MDCedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048Search for more papers by this author, Spencer K. Koerner, MDCedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048Search for more papers by this author, and Michael I. Lewis, MDCedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Rochester raises several interesting questions and makes many insightful comments. Gastric PCO2 is the main determinant of gastric intramural pH. As we stated [1], a rising gastric PCO2 would have predicted 9 of 11 weaning failures and an elevated baseline gastric PCO2 would have predicted the remaining 2 failures. Independent of weaning, hypotension or low cardiac states would be expected to be detrimental to splanchnic blood flow, which would eventually result in a rise in gastric CO2. Dead space in the nasogastric tube and bicarbonate flux are possible sources of error in measuring real-time gastric PCO2.We ...References1. Mohsenifar Z, Hay A, Hay J, Lewis MI, Koerner SK. Gastric intramural pH as a predictor of success or failure in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:794-8. Google Scholar2. Magder S, Erian R, Roussos C. Respiratory muscle blood flow in oleic acid-induced pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol. 1986; 6:1849-56. Google Scholar3. Yang KL, Tobin MJ. A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324:1445-50. Google Scholar4. Lee KH, Hui KP, Chan TB, Tan WC, Lim TK. Frequency/tidal volume ratio did not predict extubation outcome (Abstract). Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993; 147:A873. Google Scholar5. Nathan SD, Ishaaya AM, Koerner SK, Belman MJ. Prediction of minimal presure support during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Chest. 1993; 103:1215-9. Google Scholar6. Fiastro JF, Habib MP, Quan SF. Pressure support compensation for inspiratory work due to endotracheal tubes and demand for continuous positive airway pressure. Chest. 1988; 93:499-505. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySevere Hyperkalemia in a Geriatric Patient Receiving Standard Doses of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 438-439KeywordsBlood flowBreathingExtubationFraction of inspired oxygenHypotensionMusclesRunningTidal volumeVentilatorsWeaning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In vitro and in vivo performance of a dual drug-eluting stent (DDES)
Authors: Yingying Huang, Subbu S. Venkatraman, Freddy Y.C. Boey, Eeva M. Lahti, P.R. Umashankar, Mira Mohanty, Sabareeswaran Arumugam, Laxmikant Khanolkar, Sudhir Vaishnav
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)