tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduced interleukin 7 serum titres are associated with progression towards rheumatoid arthritis in very early inflammatory arthritis
Authors: R Cuthbert, V Goeb, E A Horner, S Churchman, L Coates, H Marzo-Ortega, J Nam, E Villeneuve, E Vital, P G Conaghan, P Fardellone, X Le Loet, P Emery, O Vittecoq, F Ponchel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is crucial for initiation of therapy in order to achieve remission. Interleukin 7 (IL7) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a central role in the development and maintenance of T cells and has recently been associated with RA. Furthermore, injection of IL7 in a collagen arthritis model worsened the disease and IL7-blocking antibodies had therapeutic value. The authors have shown that serum levels of IL7 are reduced in patients with early and established …
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS
Authors: Fred G. Gudat, T. N. Harris, Susanna Harris, Klaus Hummeler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Antibody-bearing cells of spleen and lymph node of the mouse and rabbit detected by rosette formation with the antigenic red blood cells were collected by micropipet and studied by electron microscopy. More than 300 such cells were examined. In the lymph nodes, rosette-forming cells were all in the lymphocytic and plasmacytic categories. In cells of the mouse spleen, macrophages were also found among the RFC, especially in the later days after immunization. The great majority of the RFC, 70-100%, were of the lymphocytic category. These included small, medium, and large lymphocytes with fine gradations of differentiation, and blast forms with little heterochromatin. The endoplasmic reticulum of these cells occurred in short, very narrow pieces, usually in contact with a mitochondrion. The cells of the plasmacytic category also showed fine gradations from plasmablasts to typical mature plasma cells. Plaque-forming cells of mouse and rabbit were also collected by micropipet. Of 162 such cells, fine gradations were also found throughout the lymphocytic and plasmacytic categories, but in this case the great majority were in the plasmacytic group, and more plasma cells showed amorphous nuclear chromatin. Among antibody-forming cells detected by both reactions, some of the more highly differentiated large lymphocytes contained ER which differed from that in the other large lymphocytes in that the channels were slightly and variably distended, with deposition of some precipitate, and with some tendency to a more nearly parallel orientation of the few channels seen. These were considered transitional cells. Of 10 RFC found in mitosis, all were in the lymphocytic category, in various stages of differentiation, the most advanced of which (in 2 of the 10 cells) was that of the transitional lymphocyte described here. Cells producing plaques facilitated by antisera vs. IgG of the mouse or rabbit (7S) showed the same distribution between cell categories and the same fine gradations as the direct (19S) PFC. Cells producing rosettes which were resistant to lysis in the presence of complement, and were thus presumably producing 7S antibody, showed a distribution similar to that found generally with rosette-forming cells, approximately 80-90% in the lymphocytic category.
Cytokine gene expression in Helicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis.
Authors: S F Moss, S Legon, J Davies, J Calam
Journal: Gut (1994)

Infection of the gastric antrum by Helicobacter pylori is characterised by a cellular inflammatory infiltrate. Whether cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of this gastritis has been investigated by studying the effect of eradicating H pylori on the expression of genes encoding the cytokines interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the antral mucosa. Gastric antral biopsy specimens were taken from nine patients with duodenal ulcers and cytokine transcripts were identified and quantified by northern blotting. After H pylori had been eradicated the chronic inflammatory infiltrate decreased in all the patients and the polymorphonuclear infiltrate virtually disappeared. Expression of genes also decreased. After eradication, the median TNF-alpha mRNA/rRNA fell to 48% (p = 0.02) and the median IL-8 mRNA/rRNA fell to 5% (p = 0.004) of initial values. These results support the role of increased synthesis of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of the gastritis.
Campaigns to reduce antibiotic use in the US cannot compete with drug advertising, study says
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Regional public education campaigns in the United States to promote more appropriate use of antibiotics among outpatients are underfunded and seldom evaluated for effectiveness, concludes a study presented at the 49th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy in San Francisco on 12-15 September.

“The main problems in the US are that the programmes are not adequately funded or evaluated,” said the study’s lead author, Benedikt Huttner, from Geneva, Switzerland. Many operate on $100 000 (£60 000; $70 000) a year or less, which pays for little more than the salary of a programme administrator. “There is very little money left over for the interventions themselves,” …
Drawing the line on metacognition
Authors: Janet Metcalfe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Only two of the many experiments described by Smith et al., as indicating metacognitive ability in nonhuman animals, involved metacognition as understood in the human literature. Of these, one gave negative results. In the other, one of two rhesus monkeys provided data suggesting that he might have metacognitive ability. The conjecture that any nonhuman animals have metacognitive ability is, therefore, tenuous.
Further Experience with Culdoscopy
Authors: H. L. Riva
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Analysis of 2,850 consecutive culdoscopies showed that this procedure can be carried out in any patient with an adequate vagina and a free cul-de-sac. Previous pelvic surgery is not a contraindication, as 4 out of 10 patients had histories of major pelvic surgery and 2 out of 3 had histories of chronic symptoms. Regional and local anesthesia have proved effective. Culdoscopy proved the clinical preoperative impression to be wrong in a significant number of patients. Non-palpable, minimal pelvic inflammatory disease and endometriosis were frequent endoscopic findings. The increased accuracy of diagnosis is especially valuable in cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy and in the differential diagnosis of lower quadrant pain in early pregnancy; it has reduced the frequency of laparotomies and transfusions, and has shortened hospitalization in many cases.
Massive Overdosage of Propylthiouracil
Authors: GEORGE L. JACKSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Brief Reports1 September 1979Massive Overdosage of PropylthiouracilGEORGE L. JACKSON, M.D., FRED W. FLICKINGER, M.D., LESTER W. WELLS, Ph.D.GEORGE L. JACKSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRED W. FLICKINGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LESTER W. WELLS, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-3-418 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPropylthiouracil has been used for many years in treatment of thyrotoxicosis. To date, no occurrence of massive overdosage with this agent has been reported in the literature. (Cumulated Index Medicus for 1968 to 1977 was searched using the term propylthiouracil; the search was not restricted to English language papers. Standard textbooks were also consulted.)A 12-year-old girl was hospitalized for thyrotoxicosis that could not be managed medically. A subtotal thyroidectomy was done. Five days postoperatively, thyroxine (T4) level determined by radioimmunoassay was 6.6 μg/dL (normal, 5.2 to 13 μg/dL). She was discharged on no therapy. One month after surgery, the...References1. ALEXANDEREVANSMACAULAYGALLAGHERLONDONO WVATJ. Metabolism of 35S-labeled antithyroid drugs in man. Br med J. 1969;2:290-1. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MARCHANTALEXANDERLAZARUSLEESCLARK BWJJD. The accumulation of 35S-antithyroid drugs by the thyroid gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1972;34:847-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LARSENFRUMESS PR. Comparison of the biologic effects of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the rat. Endocrinology. 1977;100:980-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harrisburg Hospital Harrisburg, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThionamidesEndocrine ToxicologyThyroid Agent ToxicityThionamide Drug TherapyClinical Features and Management of Overdosage with Thyroid DrugsThyroid and antithyroid drugs 1 September 1979Volume 91, Issue 3Page: 418-419KeywordsRadioimmunoassaysSurgeryThyroidectomyThyroxine Issue Published: 1 September 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 2819: Identification and characterization of a novel smoothened antagonist for the treatment of cancer with deregulated hedgehog signaling
Authors: Mark H. Bender, Philip A. Hipskind, Andrew R. Capen, Michael Cockman, Kelly M. Credille, Hong Gao, Jolie A. Bastian, Julia M. Clay, Karen L. Lobb, Daniel J. Sall, Michelle L. Thompson, Takako Wilson, Graham N. Wishart, Bharvin K.R Patel
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a highly conserved signaling system that plays an important role in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, and deregulated Hh signaling has been implicated in variety of cancers. Two distinct mechanisms are responsible for inappropriate and uncontrolled Hh pathway activation in human malignancies: ligand-dependent, due to over-expression of Hh ligand, and ligand-independent, resulting from genetic mutations in pathway components such as Patched (Ptch) and Smoothened (Smo). Smo, a member of the class F G-protein coupled receptor family, is a key regulator of Hh signaling pathway, and therefore is an attractive target for pathway modulation. We have identified a potent and selective small molecule antagonist of Smo. This novel molecule (LY2940680) binds to the Smo receptor and potently inhibits Hh signaling in Daoy, a human medulloblastoma tumor cell line, and C3H10T½, a mouse mesenchymal cell line. Importantly, LY2940680 binds to and inhibits the functional activity of resistant Smo mutant (D473H) produced by treatment with GDC-0449 (a Smo antagonist from Genentech). LY2940680 also has excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rodent and non-rodent species. Treatment of Ptch+/− p53−/− transgenic mice, which spontaneously develop medulloblastoma, with oral administration of LY2940680 produced remarkable efficacy and significantly improved their survival. Magnetic resonance imaging of these mice revealed rapid kinetics of anti-tumor activity. Immunohistochemistry analysis of medulloblastoma tumors showed that LY2940680 treatment induced Caspase-3 activity and reduced proliferation. LY2940680 inhibited Hh regulated gene expression in the subcutaneous xenograft tumor stroma and produced significant anti-tumor activity. In summary, we have characterized an orally bio-available small molecule Smo antagonist that may provide therapeutic benefit to cancer patients with deregulated Hh signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2819
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: DANIEL D. BUFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1987Primary Pulmonary HypertensionDANIEL D. BUFF, M.D.DANIEL D. BUFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-779_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Patient Registry for the Characterization of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension represents an important advance in our understanding of this uncommon disease. The study is prospective in design and includes a large number of patients diagnosed in a standard fashion (1). However, the question still remains as to whether primary pulmonary hypertension can accurately be diagnosed without an open lung biopsy.The distinction between primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension secondary to occult microemboli can be impossible to make on a clinical basis (2). Identification of patients with embolic disease is important, as effective therapy can be provided...References1. RICH S, DANTZKER D, and AYERS S. Primary pulmonary hypertension: a national prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:216-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAWORTH S. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Br Heart J. 1983;49:517-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FISHMAN A, MASER K, and FEDULLO P. Perfusion scans versus pulmonary angiography in the evaluation of suspected primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1983;84:679-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WAGENVOORT C. Lung biopsy specimens in the evaluation of primary vascular disease. Chest. 1980;77:614-25. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FUSTER V, STEELE P, and EDWARDS W. Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis. Circulation. 1984;70:580-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIEL D. BUFF, M.D.Affiliations: Booth Memorial Medical Center Flushing, NY 11355 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1987Volume 107, Issue 5Page: 779-779KeywordsBiopsyLungsProspective studiesPulmonary diseasesPulmonary hypertension ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Observations on Cancer of the Colon and Rectum in Connecticut
Authors: Edward J. Ottenheimer, Ashley W. Oughterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE Connecticut Tumor Registry has now been functioning for nineteen years. It is operated by the Division of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases of the State Department of Health, in co-operation with the Connecticut State Medical Society, and 28 general hospitals, representing 93 per cent of all the general-hospital beds of the State. Observations based on a study of accumulated data reflect the work of several hundred surgeons in both small and large communities. Thus, an opportunity is afforded to obtain more accurate information about the general picture of cancer than is revealed by reports from single institutions.During the . . .
Chaperoning Function of Stress Protein grp170, a Member of the hsp70 Superfamily, Is Responsible for its Immunoadjuvant Activity
Authors: Jun-Eui Park, John Facciponte, Xing Chen, Ian MacDonald, Elizabeth A. Repasky, Masoud H. Manjili, Xiang-Yang Wang, John R. Subjeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract When used as vaccines, tumor-derived stress proteins can elicit antitumor immune responses. For members of the hsp70 superfamily, like grp170, this seems to be due to (a) the chaperoning of antigenic peptide by the stress protein and (b) the binding of the stress protein to receptor(s) on antigen-presenting cells (APC) and subsequent antigen presentation. This suggests that domains exist on the stress protein for each function. In this study, we determine the ability of grp170 and its structural domains to (a) bind to and present melanoma-associated antigen gp100 to the immune system and (b) to bind to receptors on APCs. A direct correlation between chaperone function, binding to APCs in a receptor-like manner, and antitumor immunity was observed. Two mutants that share no common sequence, yet are both effective in their antitumor activities, compete with one another for APC binding. Studies of other members of the hsp70 superfamily, hsp110 and hsp70, or their domain deletion mutants, further confirmed that APC binding segregates with chaperoning function and not sequence. Therefore, these studies suggest that molecular chaperoning is involved in stress protein interactions with APCs, antigen binding, and in eliciting antitumor immunity, thus bridging this ancient function of stress proteins in prokaryotes to their ability to elicit immunity in higher organisms. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(2): 1161-8)
Persistent diarrhoea in Zairian AIDS patients: an endoscopic and histological study.
Authors: R Colebunders, K Lusakumuni, A M Nelson, P Gigase, I Lebughe, E van Marck, B Kapita, H Francis, J J Salaun, T C Quinn
Journal: Gut (1988)

To determine the aetiology of persistent diarrhoea in African patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 42 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and persistent diarrhoea were enrolled in a microbiological, endoscopic, and histological study. Cryptosporidium was the intestinal parasite most often identified (30%); Isospora belli was found in 12% of the patients. Histological examination of the duodenal mucosa showed a non-specific inflammatory reaction in a significantly higher number of HIV-seropositive patients (82%) than HIV-seronegative controls without diarrhoea (52%) (p = 0.02). Lymphocytes were more likely to be found in inflammatory reactions in HIV-seropositive patients than in controls (p less than 0.0001). Pathogens were observed in histological sections of the duodenum of HIV-seropositive patients only (p = 0.002) and included cryptosporidia (four patients) Isospora belli (one), Strongyloides stercoralis (one), and Cryptococcus neoformans (one). On histological examination the rectal mucosa of HIV-seropositive patients and controls was similar, except eosinophils were more likely to be present in inflammatory reaction in HIV-seropositive patients (p = 0.05) and enteric pathogens were observed only in HIV-seropositive patients (cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies (one) and Schistosoma mansoni (two). The aetiology of persistent diarrhoea in most African AIDS patients remains unclear.
Establishment of a Registry and Incidence of IDDM in Avellaneda, Argentina
Authors: Martha S Sereday, Manuel L Martí, Mónica M Damiano, Marcela E C Moser
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE ; To provide reliable data on the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children (&amp;lt;15 years of age) in Avellaneda, Argentina. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A registry was established in Avellaneda, Argentina. The first registry was started in 1989, retrospective data collection was updated from 1985 to 1988, and prospective data was collected from 1989 to the present. The data were collected according to the World Health Organization Diabetes Mondiale (DIAMOND) protocol. Primary ascertainment was based on personal interviews at schools, and secondary sources were pediatrie hospitals and private diabe-tologists. RESULTS The IDDM incidence per 10,000 children in the studied population was as follows: for 1985,6.89; for 1986,6.90; for 1987,6.91; for 1988,5.29; for 1989, 6.42; and for 1990, 7.59. Of those children, 51.7% reported previous infection or stress as a possible trigger factor. No sex preference, age incidence peak, or seasonal trend was found. CONCLUSIONS The study documents an incidence rate of childhood IDDM in Avellaneda, Argentina, similar to other Occidental countries.
Unique digital skin lesions associated with systemic sclerosis
Authors: A.V. MARZANO, E. BERTI, G. GASPARINI, A. VESPASIANL, R. SCORZA, R. CAPUTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 40-year-old woman with systemic sclerosis presented with multiple, large soft skin lesions with a cystic appearance over the interphalangeal joints of both hands. Aspiration of one of these lesions revealed the presence of a yellowish mucoid material which rapidly reappeared. Surgical dissection and excision of the masses was followed by recurrence a few months later. Pre-operative diagnosis was that of myxoid cysts, but the histological picture was reminiscent of cutaneous focal mucinosis, another form of primary mucinosis. The origin of these unique skin lesions is unclear, but speculation on a possible aetiological relationship between them and systemic sclerosis is presented.
Endoscopic Duodenal–Jejunal Bypass Liner Rapidly Improves Plasma Parameters of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Charlotte de Jonge, Sander S. Rensen, Ger H. Koek, Mandy F. Joosten, Wim A. Buurman, Nicole D. Bouvy, Jan Willem M. Greve
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Tine testing in HIV positive patients.
Authors: S P Higgins, C S Bradbeer, N T Bateman
Journal: Thorax (1993)

The incidence of tuberculosis is increased in HIV positive patients. Purified protein derivative (PPD, tuberculin) testing has not been performed routinely on patients infected with HIV in the UK and its usefulness in diagnosing tuberculosis in these patients is unclear.198 HIV positive patients were Tine tested and a CD4+ lymphocyte count and chest radiograph were performed. Of the 179 male patients 164 were homosexual or bisexual, 11 were injecting drug users (IDUs), and four were both homosexual and IDUs. Of 19 women 14 were heterosexual and five were IDUs. Patients assessed their own skin reactions at 72 hours, recording the grade on a card which was returned by post. Patients with a grade 0 reaction were requested to have a second test one month later.Details were available on 168 of the 198 patients. Grade 0 reactions occurred in 89 of the 168 patients, requiring a second Tine test, and 73 completed Tine 2 results were received. Of 57 patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 200/mm3, low grade PPD reactivity was seen in 18 on Tine 1 and nine on Tine 2. No history of BCG immunisation of tuberculosis was found in 33 Tine positive patients. Two patients treated for tuberculosis in the previous six months were PPD positive with CD4+ counts of 60/mm3 and 4/mm3 respectively.PPD reactivity may be maintained despite a CD4+ count of 100/mm3 or less when there is a history of tuberculosis or BCG immunisation.