tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dressings for venous leg ulcers: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Simon Palfreyman, E Andrea Nelson, Jonathan A Michaels
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To review the evidence of effectiveness of dressings applied to venous leg ulcers. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Hand searches of journals and searches of electronic databases, conference proceedings, and bibliographies up to April 2006; contacts with dressing manufacturers for unpublished studies. <b>Studies reviewed</b> All randomised controlled trials that evaluated dressings applied to venous leg ulcers were eligible for inclusion. Data from eligible studies were extracted and summarised independently by two reviewers using a data extraction sheet. Methodological quality was assessed independently by two reviewers. <b>Results</b> The search strategy identified 254 studies; 42 of these fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Hydrocolloids were no more effective than simple low adherent dressings used beneath compression (eight trials; relative risk for healing with hydrocolloid 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 1.28). For other comparisons, insufficient evidence was available to allow firm conclusions to be drawn. None of the dressing comparisons showed evidence that a particular class of dressing healed more ulcers. Some differences existed between dressings in terms of subjective outcome measures and ulcer healing rates. The results were not affected by the size or quality of trials or the unit of randomisation. Insufficient data were available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative cost effectiveness of different dressings. <b>Conclusions</b> The type of dressing applied beneath compression was not shown to affect ulcer healing. The results of the meta-analysis showed that applying hydrocolloid dressings beneath compression produced no benefit in terms of ulcer healing compared with applying simple low adherent dressings. No conclusive recommendations can be made as to which type of dressing is most cost effective. Decisions on which dressing to apply should be based on the local costs of dressings and the preferences of the practitioner or patient.
Effect of hydration status on cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid lactic acidosis in rabbits with experimental meningitis.
Authors: J H Tureen, M G Täuber, M A Sande
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The effects of hydration status on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and development of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactic acidosis were evaluated in rabbits with experimental pneumococcal meningitis. As loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation has been previously demonstrated in this model, we reasoned that compromise of intravascular volume might severely affect cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, as acute exacerbation of the inflammatory response in the subarachnoid space has been observed after antibiotic therapy, animals were studied not only while meningitis evolved, but also 4-6 h after treatment with antibiotics to determine whether there would also be an effect on CBF. To produce different levels of hydration, animals were given either 50 ml/kg per 24 h of normal saline ("low fluid") or 150 ml/kg 24 h ("high fluid"). After 16 h of infection, rabbits that were given the lower fluid regimen had lower mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), lower CBF, and higher CSF lactate compared with animals that received the higher fluid regimen. In the first 4-6 h after antibiotic administration, low fluid rabbits had a significant decrease in MABP and CBF compared with, and a significantly greater increase in CSF lactate concentration than, high fluid rabbits. This study suggests that intravascular volume status may be a critical variable in determining CBF and therefore the degree of cerebral ischemia in meningitis.
Granulocyte inducer C/EBPα inactivates the myeloid master regulator PU.1: possible role in lineage commitment decisions
Authors: Venkateshwar A. Reddy, Atsushi Iwama, Guergana Iotzova, Mathias Schulz, Annika Elsasser, Rajani K. Vangala, Daniel G. Tenen, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Gerhard Behre
Journal: Blood (2002)
Females' desire for status cannot be measured using male definitions
Authors: Joyce F. Benenson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The development of physical traits and the formation of alliances are two important means of attaining status for both sexes. The types of physical traits and alliances that are linked with status, however, differ for the two sexes. Sex differences in the characteristics that lead to the acquisition of status must be considered before concluding that females are less concerned than males with status.
Ambulatory-Care Data
Authors: Kerr L. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Despite the top-heavy emphasis on hospital inpatient care in this country, the vast majority of transactions between our profession and the population we serve occur in outpatient or ambulatory settings. Patients enter the "system" via physicians' offices and clinics. Here, the key decisions are made about investigation, therapy, referral and hospitalization, and the major opportunities occur for health maintenance, prevention, early detection and amelioration, as well as for initiating studies of the natural history of disease.1 Patients do not seek help for categorically labeled diseases; they present themselves to physicians with symptoms, complaints and problems. These are the language of . . .
IDENTITY OF THE TOXINS OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF BACILLUS WELCHII AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR PRODUCTION IN VITRO
Authors: Carroll G. Bull, Ida W. Pritchett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

Twenty-two additional strains of Bacillus welchii have been collected from widely different sources and tested with regard to toxin production. Each strain produces a toxin which, on animal inoculation, gives rise to lesions comparable in every respect to those produced by the toxins previously reported on, and each toxin was neutralized by an immune (antitoxic) serum produced with one of the former toxins. The toxins obtained from the several individual strains varied in potency, the lethal dose ranging from 0.3 to 3 cc. Experiments have been made to determine the influence of fresh muscle and glucose on toxin production and the relation of acidity to toxicity in the filtrates. It has been found that the addition of fresh muscle to the medium increases the potency of the toxin fivefold. Autoclaved muscle is without effect. Beef infusion broth containing 0.2 to 1 per cent glucose gives a more potent product than sugar-free broth, while when higher percentages are employed the toxin production is lowered. There is no direct relation between acidity and toxicity, the most acid products manifesting little or no toxic action. In every medium used for culture the potency of the filtrates rapidly diminished after 24 hours' incubation, while the acidity increased or remained constant. The exception to this rule has been pointed out. The most active toxin is obtained by growing a virulent strain of the bacilli in a 0.2 or 0.3 per cent glucose broth to which fragments of fresh muscle have been added, and collecting the filtrate after from 18 to 24 hours' incubation. A review of the literature on the pathogenic effects and toxic products of Bacillus welchii and on the results of immunization of animals with the bacilli or toxic products does not indicate that the exotoxic nature of Bacillus welchii had been previously determined or an antitoxic serum in the true sense produced. The antitoxin for Bacillus welchii toxin can apparently be prepared from a single strain of the organism which yields under the conditions described a high titer of toxin, and this antitoxin can be employed to combat infection with or prevent infection by any strain whatever of the bacillus.
Proximate cause. 3
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recurrent Depressions and the Lithium Ion
Authors: WILLIAM L. DYSON, MYER MENDELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Lithium was successfully used to treat five patients with recurrent depressions, three of whom had typical manic-depressive illnesses. Their clinical and also their characteristic subjective responses to lithium establish a very suggestive relationship between illnesses previously believed on observational grounds alone to be related. Some term such as "lithium-responders" might appropriately delineate this group of patients.
IMPACT OF PRE-OPERATIVE CLOPIDOGREL USE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME REQUIRING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Rohit Bhuriya, Pawan Patel, Dhara Chaudhari, Amol Bahekar, Ankur Sethi, Bassel Artin, Janos Molnar, Sandeep Khosla
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Country Doctor.
Authors: Charles B. Dyde
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Greeley, Colo., July 14, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 19, there appeared an article by Dr. John G. Wilson, Montrose, Pa., entitled "The Country Doctor," which attracts attention, first, on account of its title, second, on account of its brevity. Its title appealed to those of us who labor under this cognomen, and in warm weather brevity is the soul of interest as well as the soul of wit..As Dr. Wilson does not attempt to define the title "country doctor," or enumerate the country doctor's characteristics, it remains for those of us who have perused the article to decide if we are qualified to bear this honorable name. Unless we include in this category all who reside outside the limits of metropolitan cities and centers of learning, it is, perhaps, a rather difficult problem to draw a definite line of demarcation. Hospitals are found in many small
cAMP Response Element Binding Protein Is Expressed and Phosphorylated in the Human Heart
Authors: Frank Ulrich Müller, Peter Bokník, Andreas Horst, Jörg Knapp, Bettina Linck, Wilhelm Schmitz, Ute Vahlensieck, Michael Böhm, Mario C. Deng, Hans H. Scheld
Journal: Circulation (1995)

In end-stage failing human hearts and in rat hearts after prolonged in vivo beta-adrenergic treatment, several proteins involved in the cAMP-dependent signal transduction are altered on the protein, mRNA, or transcriptional level, eg, beta-adrenoceptors, G-proteins, or proteins of Ca2+ homeostasis. In many tissues, cAMP-dependent transcriptional regulation occurs through the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and related transcription factors binding as dimers to cAMP response elements (CREs) in the promoter regions of regulated genes.To investigate a possible role of CREB in the human heart, nuclear protein of explanted failing and nonfailing human hearts was used to test for CRE specific binding properties in gel mobility shift assays. CRE specific binding was found in competition studies, and CREB and its phosphorylated form were immunologically identified in supershift experiments. The alternatively spliced CREB isoforms CREB327 and CREB341 were found to be expressed on the mRNA level by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.We conclude that in the failing and nonfailing human heart, CREB is expressed on the protein and mRNA levels and that CREB is phosphorylated and able to bind to CREs, indicating a functional role of CREB in the human heart.
Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients.
Authors: P A Pellikka, A J Tajik, B K Khandheria, J B Seward, J A Callahan, H C Pitot, L K Kvols
Journal: Circulation (1993)

The carcinoid syndrome is a rare cause of acquired valvular heart disease. Although the typical echocardiographic features of carcinoid heart disease are well recognized, this large series provides new information about unusual manifestations of the disease as well as the role of Doppler echocardiography.Between 1980 and 1989, 132 patients with carcinoid syndrome underwent echocardiographic study. The echocardiographic, Doppler, and clinical features of the 74 patients (56%) with echocardiographic evidence of carcinoid heart disease are described. Among these patients, 97% had shortened, thickened tricuspid leaflets. Tricuspid regurgitation was present in all 69 patients with carcinoid heart disease who underwent Doppler examination, and it was of moderate or severe degree in 62 patients (90%). Severe tricuspid regurgitation was characterized by a dagger-shaped Doppler spectral profile with an early peak pressure and rapid decline. The pressure half-time was prolonged (mean, 116 msec), which is consistent with associated tricuspid stenosis. The pulmonary valve appeared thickened, retracted, and immobile in 36 patients (49%) and was diminutive to the extent of not being visualized in an additional 29 patients (39%). Among the 47 patients who underwent Doppler evaluation of the pulmonary valve, regurgitation was present in 81%, and stenosis was present in 53%. Left-sided valvular involvement was present in five patients (7%), four of whom had patent foramen ovale or carcinoid tumor involving the lung. Previously undescribed myocardial metastases were present in three patients (4%) and were confirmed by biopsy in each case. Small pericardial effusions were present in 10 patients (14%). Patients with and without echocardiographic evidence of carcinoid heart disease did not differ with regard to sex, age, location of the primary tumor, duration of diagnosis, or duration of symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. However, the mean pretreatment level of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was higher in patients with carcinoid heart disease than in patients without carcinoid heart disease (270 versus 131 mg/24 hrs, p < 0.001). The symptom of dyspnea was more prevalent among patients with carcinoid heart disease than in patients without the disease (54% versus 27%, p = 0.003); as expected, heart murmurs were also noted more frequently in patients with disease (92% versus 43%, p < 0.0001). Treatment regimens and response to therapy were similar in the two groups. Survival of patients with echocardiographic evidence of carcinoid heart disease was reduced compared with those without cardiac involvement (p = 0.0003). ECG and chest roentgenographic findings in patients with carcinoid heart disease were nonspecific.The broad spectrum of carcinoid heart disease is detailed in this large series. This includes not only right-sided valvular lesions but also left-sided involvement, pericardial effusion, and myocardial metastases.
Immediate Type Hypersensitivity to Common Moulds Comparison of Different Diagnostic Materials
Authors: K. Aas, J. Leegaard, L. Aukrust, Ø. Grimmer
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Extracts of five common atmospheric moulds ( Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium ) obtained from different manufactures were compared by means of skin prick testing and, partly, with the radioallergosorbent test. Considerable differences were found between the extracts with respect to positive tests found in mould‐allergic individuals and controls. A purified allergen preparation of Cladosporium herbarum was superior to the crude allergen extracts. The results suggest that the allergen contents of the extract differed both with respect to total allergenic potency and to allergenic composition.
A Future Without Tobacco
Authors: Helene M. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INTENSIVE LIVER EXTRACT THERAPY OF SPRUE
Authors: C. P. RHOADS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The effective treatment of sprue is a problem of considerable practical importance in spite of the fact that therapeutic methods which are occasionally successful have been at hand for many years. One serious difficulty lies in the fact that different individuals, presenting an apparently identical clinical picture, manifest wide variations in the amount of specific therapy that they require to effect clinical cure. Moreover, the available information regarding the treatment of sprue is confusing, since the various therapeutic procedures in use appear to be so unrelated and the clinical results obtained from them have been so inconstant that it has seemed impossible to draw up a general rule of treatment that would be applicable to all cases. More detailed analysis of the existing therapeutic methods in the light of present knowledge makes it clear that a general rule of treatment can be formulated and, furthermore, that from the therapeutic results
Effect of acutely increased right ventricular afterload on work output from the left ventricle in conscious dogs. Systolic ventricular interaction.
Authors: M P Feneley, C O Olsen, D D Glower, J S Rankin
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

In seven conscious, chronically instrumented dogs, left ventricular volume was calculated with an ellipsoidal model from the anteroposterior, septal-free wall, and base-to-apex left ventricular dimensions, measured by implanted ultrasonic transducers. Matched micromanometers measured left and right ventricular transmural and transseptal pressures. Ventricular pressures and volumes were varied by inflation of implanted vena caval and pulmonary arterial occluders. When compared with vena caval occlusion at matched left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, graded pulmonary arterial occlusions were associated with higher right ventricular systolic pressures, reduced left-to-right transseptal systolic pressure gradients, and leftward systolic septal displacement, with increased septal-free wall segment shortening (all p less than 0.05). Graded pulmonary arterial occlusions, like vena caval occlusions, reduced left ventricular end-diastolic volume, but left ventricular stroke work at a given end-diastolic volume was greater during pulmonary arterial occlusions (2,674 +/- 380 10(-3) erg) than during vena caval occlusion (1,886 +/- 450 10(-3) erg, p less than 0.05). These data indicate that, while transient pulmonary arterial occlusion reduces left ventricular preload, the concomitant increase in right ventricular systolic pressure, which is the pressure external to the interventricular septal segment of the left ventricle, augments septal shortening and assists left ventricular pump function at a given preload through direct systolic ventricular interaction.
Reviews and Notes: Clinical Reasoning in the Health Professions
Authors: Stanley L. Wiener
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 March 1996Reviews and Notes: Clinical Reasoning in the Health ProfessionsStanley L. Wiener, MDStanley L. Wiener, MDUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-5-199603010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail J Higgs and M Jones; eds. 347 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995. $65.00. ISBN 750607874. Order phone 800-366-2665.Clinical reasoning is a major component of clinical competence and is a dynamic process that occurs before, during, and after the collection of data through history, physical examination, imaging, and endoscopic and laboratory tests. Thirty-seven contributors to this book have produced 27 chapters on the methods clinicians use in clinical reasoning, methods used in the present and past to teach clinical reasoning, and current research related to improving student instruction in this area. Only one of the book's authors is a physician, and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Methodology for Assessing Elicitation of Knowledge in Complex Domains: Identifying Conceptual Representations of Ill-Structured Problems in Medical Diagnosis 1 March 1996Volume 124, Issue 5Page: 537KeywordsDatabasesForecastingHealth care providersHearingLaboratory testsLikelihood ratioMemoryOccupational therapistsReasoningSpecificity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TREATMENT OF DIABETES TODAY
Authors: ELLIOTT P. JOSLIN
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The detection of the unknown 1,000,000 diabetic persons should be relatively easy. We know that diabetes is hereditary and that the new million are chiefly the relatives of diabetic persons. Dr. Priscilla White found the incidence of diabetes seven times as great in the relatives of diabetic persons as in nonrelatives. In Florida the incidence of newly discovered diabetes by the United States Public Health Service was four times as great among the relatives of diabetic persons as in their survey of the general population at Oxford. Diabetes is nearly fifty times as common after age 65 as it is under 15 years of age. Moreover, in the old the onset is usually unobtrusive, whereas in the young the violence of the symptoms usually makes the disease evident. Diabetes is overwhelmingly more common in the obese. Occurrence is more frequent in female subjects. The incidence is high in Jews. It