tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AAV Vector-mediated Reversal of Hypoglycemia in Canine and Murine Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia
Authors: Dwight D Koeberl, Carlos Pinto, Baodong Sun, Songtao Li, Daniel M Kozink, Daniel K Benjamin, Amanda K Demaster, Meghan A Kruse, Valerie Vaughn, Steven Hillman, Andrew Bird, Mark Jackson, Talmage Brown, Priya S Kishnani, Yuan-Tsong Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) profoundly impairs glucose release by the liver due to glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) containing a small human G6Pase transgene was pseudotyped with AAV8 (AAV2/8) to optimize liver tropism. Survival was prolonged in 2-week-old G6Pase (–/–) mice by 600-fold fewer AAV2/8 vector particles (vp), in comparison to previous experiments involving this model (2 × 109 vp; 3 × 1011 vp/kg). When the vector was pseudotyped with AAV1, survival was prolonged only at a higher dose (3 × 1013 vp/kg). The AAV2/8 vector uniquely prevented hypoglycemia during fasting and fully corrected liver G6Pase deficiency in GSD-Ia mice and dogs. The AAV2/8 vector has prolonged survival in three GSD-Ia dogs to >11 months, which validated this strategy in the large animal model for GSD-Ia. Urinary biomarkers, including lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, were corrected by G6Pase expression solely in the liver. Glycogen accumulation in the liver was reduced almost to the normal level in vector-treated GSD-Ia mice and dogs, as was the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in GSD-Ia mice. These preclinical data demonstrated the efficacy of correcting hepatic G6Pase deficiency, and support the further preclinical development of AAV vector–mediated gene therapy for GSD-Ia. Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) profoundly impairs glucose release by the liver due to glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. An adeno-associated virus (AAV) containing a small human G6Pase transgene was pseudotyped with AAV8 (AAV2/8) to optimize liver tropism. Survival was prolonged in 2-week-old G6Pase (–/–) mice by 600-fold fewer AAV2/8 vector particles (vp), in comparison to previous experiments involving this model (2 × 109 vp; 3 × 1011 vp/kg). When the vector was pseudotyped with AAV1, survival was prolonged only at a higher dose (3 × 1013 vp/kg). The AAV2/8 vector uniquely prevented hypoglycemia during fasting and fully corrected liver G6Pase deficiency in GSD-Ia mice and dogs. The AAV2/8 vector has prolonged survival in three GSD-Ia dogs to >11 months, which validated this strategy in the large animal model for GSD-Ia. Urinary biomarkers, including lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate, were corrected by G6Pase expression solely in the liver. Glycogen accumulation in the liver was reduced almost to the normal level in vector-treated GSD-Ia mice and dogs, as was the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in GSD-Ia mice. These preclinical data demonstrated the efficacy of correcting hepatic G6Pase deficiency, and support the further preclinical development of AAV vector–mediated gene therapy for GSD-Ia.
Angio-oedema caused by high doses of N-acetylcysteine in patients with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
Authors: S. Tas, T. Simonart, M. Heenen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Angio‐oedema caused by high doses of N‐acetylcysteine in patients with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome Get access S. Tas, S. Tas Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Correspondence: Dr T.Simonart.E‐mail: tsimonar@ulb.ac.be Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Simonart, T. Simonart Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Correspondence: Dr T.Simonart.E‐mail: tsimonar@ulb.ac.be Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Heenen M. Heenen Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, 808 Route de Lennik, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Correspondence: Dr T.Simonart.E‐mail: tsimonar@ulb.ac.be Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 5, 1 November 2001, Pages 856–857, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04428.x Published: 01 November 2001
Extracorporeal detoxification: still debatable
Authors: M. Cherskov
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VPAC1 expression is regulated by FXR agonists in the human gallbladder epithelium
Authors: Nicolas Chignard, Martine Mergey, Véronique Barbu, Laetitia Finzi, Emmanuel Tiret, Annick Paul, Chantal Housset
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 (VPAC1) is the high-affinity receptor of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a major regulator of bile secretion. To better define the level at which VPAC1 stimulates bile secretion, we examined its expression in the different cell types participating in bile formation ( i.e. , hepatocytes, bile duct, and gallbladder epithelial cells). Because VPAC1 expression was previously shown to be regulated by nuclear receptors, we tested the hypothesis that it may be regulated by the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses of cell isolates indicated that VPAC1 is expressed in all three cell types lining the human biliary tree, with predominant expression in the gallbladder. In primary cultures of human gallbladder epithelial cells, VIP induced cAMP production and chloride secretion. Analysis of the VPAC1 gene revealed the presence of potential FXR response element sequences, and both FXR and RXRα expressions were detected in gallbladder epithelial cells. In these cells, the FXR pharmacological agonist GW4064 upregulated VPAC1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was antagonized by the RXRα ligand, 9-cis retinoic acid. Chenodeoxycholate activated endogenous FXR in gallbladder epithelial cells, as ascertained by electromobility shift assay and upregulation of the FXR target gene, small heterodimer partner. Chenodeoxycholate also provoked an increase in VPAC1 mRNA and protein content in these cells. In conclusion , FXR agonists may increase gallbladder fluid secretion through transcriptional activation of VPAC1, which may contribute to the regulation of bile secretion by bile salts and to a protective effect of FXR pharmacological agonists in gallstone disease. (Hepatology 2005.)
Number of HIV infections is still rising despite prevention and treatment efforts, UN says
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The number of people with HIV or AIDS has risen in every region of the world, although many countries have increased their efforts to prevent infections and provide treatment, said the United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, last week.

“Today 40 million people are living with HIV,” Mr Ban said. Almost half of them are women. More women—including married women—are living with HIV than ever before. Without adequate treatment all those infected will die.

“Some 8000 people die of AIDS related illnesses every day. At the same time, another 12 000 become infected with HIV. For every person who starts antiretroviral treatment, six more become infected.” 

He was speaking at a session of the UN general assembly that was reviewing implementation of …
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE OVARIES
Authors: EDGAR ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

There are several important points about the ovaries which have emerged clearly under experimental attack. Once clearly defined, in many cases accentuated through experimental conditions, some of the phenomena stand out as normal in certain species but occur in others only occasionally. An instance is the formation of corpora lutea (accessory ones) in large follicles that have not ovulated. The ova are trapped inside, but the cells of the follicle take on luteal characteristics. Known for many years, this condition was first induced experimentally by unbalanced stimulation of the ovaries with anterior pituitary extracts.1It appears normally in the pregnant mare2and the pregnant porcupine3and occasionally in the nonpregnant monkey.4More careful observations may establish this as an occasional occurrence in women!  Another instance is the extreme development of the theca folliculi, the zone immediately surrounding the basement membrane about the outer layer of follicle
Health issues in the Clean Air Act.
Authors: R Frank
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Major conclusions and recommendations of the National Commission on Air Quality on issues of health in the Clean Air Act are presented. The issues revolve mainly about the standard setting processes for ubiquitous pollutants, controlled through ambient air quality standards (Section 109), and for hazardous pollutants controlled through emission standards (Section 112). The conceptual difficulties inherent in the terms "adequate margin of safety" (Section 109) and "ample margin of safety" (Section 112) are discussed. The Clean Air Science Advisory Committee is widely viewed as having a salutary effect on standard setting. The need for maintaining strong research capabilities within the Environmental Protection Agency that are reasonably buffered against sudden disruptive events is emphasized. Mechanisms for achieving this goal through special congressional appropriations are considered.
Obama reveals his health plan ahead of summit
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

President Barack Obama finally revealed his health plan and posted it online on Monday morning at www.whitehouse.gov. It builds on the bill passed by the Senate late last year.

The Senate and House of Representatives each passed a health reform bill, but the process to reconcile and pass them stalled when the Democrats lost a crucial Senate seat last month, leaving them with only 59 votes rather than the 60 they need ( BMJ 2010;340:c463, doi:10.1136/bmj.c463; 2010;340:c500, doi:10.1136/bmj.c500).

Republicans oppose health reform, calling it a massive government takeover of health care.

However, the president’s proposal could be passed with a simple majority of 51 votes in the Senate. The …
Contraction and convergence: the best possible solution to the twin problems of climate change and inequity
Authors: R. Stott
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Much is now known about anthropogenically induced climate change, its impacts on the planet's species, and the need for urgent action to avoid catastrophe. 1 2The unequal distribution of resources between the materially rich and the materially poor amplifies the multiple adverse effects of climate change, so disrupting ecosystems, reducing agricultural productivity, and displacing populations. 3 The consequences differ for rich and poor populations.In poor countries, life expectancy may be only 40 years (Swaziland and Mozambique), infant mortality as high as 180 in 1000 (Angola), and the lifetime risk of dying in childbirth 1 in 16 (sub-Saharan Africa).In rich countries, life expectancy can exceed 82 years, infant mortality can be as low as 4 in 1000, and the lifetime risk of dying in childbirth is less than 1 in 3000.But, having reaped the health benefits of wealth, these countries now face the diseases of excess.In the United States 30% of the population is obese, for example, and in urban Samoa a staggering 70%, and with obesity comes an increasing prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal problems, 4 and rocketing healthcare costs.And despite their affluence, over 10% of many rich populations are on antidepressants.
In a lather: do soap operas promote teen drinking?
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

W ith the help of two experts, Vivian, 11 and Christine, 9, I take to the sofa and The Road to Tomorrow , the Netherlands' popular television soap. Researchers claim that watching the show is "significantly associated with juvenile alcohol use." Two of the show's characters, Sherina and Daan, are uncorking wine for a romantic candlelit dinner—cut to celebratory opening of champagne with Ilyas, Elif, Iris, and Niels, back to more wine with Sherina and Dan, before Joost and ![Graphic][1]</img> arrive and raid the fridge, for more wine. Is this just a realistic portrayal of modern society, as the programme makers claim, or does it lead to a promotion of unhealthy levels of drinking as normal? Certainly Dutch youth drink. They topped the 2003 European School Survey on Alcohol, ESPAD. Hospitals report up to 1000 youngsters are admitted annually due to alcohol poisoning. The proportion of 12 year old Dutch girls who had drunk alcohol increased from 38% to 68% between 1999 and 2003, and one in … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Treatment of Phthisis Pulmonalis.
Authors: Boyd Cornick
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Knickerbocker, Texas, Aug. 29, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As a country doctor, debarred by semi-invalidism from leaving a dry and salubrious climate to drink fresh draughts of knowledge at the founts of learning perpetually flowing in every modern medical center, I derive no little satisfaction and mental profit from noting the progress of medicine as recorded weekly in ourJournal. Having found that while in my own person the progress of pulmonary phthisis is satisfactorily arrested by climatic and hygienic measures, these nevertheless fail for obvious reasons to act so favorably upon many other invalids who resort hither, I therefore naturally feel a profound interest in every new therapeutic claim which relates to the treatment of consumption. Although somewhat skeptical of the confident claims advanced in behalf of every new treatment of phthisis since Bergeon failed and Koch fell short of success, I yet cherish the hope that with the
Cardiac Steatosis in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jonathan M. McGavock, Ildiko Lingvay, Ivana Zib, Tommy Tillery, Naomi Salas, Roger Unger, Benjamin D. Levine, Philip Raskin, Ronald G. Victor, Lidia S. Szczepaniak
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus is greater than can be accounted for by hypertension and coronary artery disease. Rodent studies indicate that in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, lipid overstorage in cardiac myocytes produces lipotoxic intermediates that cause apoptosis, which leads to heart failure. In humans with diabetes mellitus, cardiac steatosis previously has been demonstrated in explanted hearts of patients with end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Whether cardiac steatosis precedes the onset of cardiomyopathy in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown. Methods and Results— To represent the progressive stages in the natural history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, we stratified 134 individuals (age 45±12 years) into 1 of 4 groups: (1) lean normoglycemic (lean), (2) overweight and obese normoglycemic (obese), (3) impaired glucose tolerance, and (4) type 2 diabetes mellitus. Localized 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were used to quantify myocardial triglyceride content and left ventricular function, respectively. Compared with lean subjects, myocardial triglyceride content was 2.3-fold higher in those with impaired glucose tolerance and 2.1-fold higher in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( P &lt;0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction was normal and comparable across all groups. Conclusions— In humans, impaired glucose tolerance is accompanied by cardiac steatosis, which precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Thus, lipid overstorage in human cardiac myocytes is an early manifestation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is evident in the absence of heart failure.
Plasma and Urinary Luteinizing Hormone Levels in the Diagnosis of Endocrine Disease
Authors: R. Wikramanayake, J. R. Keenan, G. S. Spathis, J. D. N. Nabarro, P. J. Leonard, M. J. Gallagher
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The diagnostic value of measurements of plasma and urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) has been studied in 209 patients with endocrine disease. In 44 patients puberty was either delayed or had failed to occur. In those with chromosomal abnormalities the LH levels were often within the normal range, whereas those with a pituitary cause usually had low levels. In boys with delayed puberty plasma LH levels rose before physical changes occurred and had prognostic value. In patients with later gonadal failure, men with impotence or infertility, and women with secondary amenorrhoea LH assays proved of little value, although in one case a premature menopause was suspected and six patients with anorexia nervosa had low LH levels.Sixty patients with disorders of the hypothalamicpituitary area were studied. Levels of LH were measured and considered in relation to the other anterior pituitary hormones. Impairment of LH secretion was one of the first effects on hormone production of disease affecting this area, and this was, of course, most readily detected in postmenopausal women.The normal ranges of both plasma and urine LH are wide and there seems to be considerable day-to-day variation, especially of urinary output. Several samples should, therefore, be measured if therapeutic decisions are involved.
Evaluation of Some Criteria Used to Select Patients for Brief Psychodynamic Therapy
Authors: John J. Sigal, Joel Paris, Marianne Kardos, Gilbert Zimmerman, Michael Buonvino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background and Objectives:&lt;/i&gt; The effectiveness of brief psychotherapy is established, but criteria for the selection of patients remain elusive. This study examines the usefulness of some widely used criteria for the selection of patients for brief psychodynamic therapy (BPT). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; A checklist of 39 criteria often used in a teaching hospital to screen patients for BPT was constructed. Scores derived from a principal components analysis of this checklist provided one set of predictor criteria. A second measure was derived from the consensual agreement of the independent ratings by 3 prominent advocates of BPT. A third predictor was derived from a similar analysis of items from the checklist on which consensual agreement for their relevance was obtained from the independent ratings of 23 BPT teachers in 16 university-affiliated hospitals. Reliable chart-based ratings of improvement in symptoms, increased insight, and improvement in general functioning of a convenience sample of 43 patients treated with BPT in the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital served as outcome measures. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; No correlation between any of the derived predictors and any of the measures of outcome was significant after a Bonferroni correction. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Teachers and clinicians still do not have good criteria for the selection of patients who will benefit from BPT. Exclusion of severe behavior disorders may, however, improve outcome rates by more than 15%.
REVERSE PERISTALSIS IN THE BOWEL, A PRECURSOR OF VOMITING
Authors: WALTER C. ALVAREZ
Journal: JAMA (1925)

It is remarkable how little has been written about the behavior of the bowel during the act of vomiting. One can read for days about the rôles played by the medulla, the vagi, the pharyngeal sensitive points, the esophagus, the abdominal muscles and the stomach, but only here and there will one find a brief reference to the bowel. Significant of this state of affairs is the fact that in Hatcher's<sup>1</sup>summary of our knowledge about vomiting I can find no word about the bowel. Certainly there must be some reason for this blind spot in our vision, and the most probable one is that we have never been able to record exactly what is going on in the various parts of the bowel at the same time. Another reason is that in our lay youth we become so used to thinking of the stomach as the organ of
Do multiple prior interventions for in-stent restenosis impact the success of gamma brachytherapy?
Authors: Dale T. Ashby, G. Dangas, R. Mehran, A.J. Lansky, M. Adamian, M. Collins, E. Krepps, G. New, I. Moussa, G.W. Stone, G.S. Roubin, S. Iyer, J.W. Moses, M.B. Leon, P.S. Teirstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Plasma Cysteinylglycine Levels and Breast Cancer Risk in Women
Authors: Jennifer Lin, JoAnn E. Manson, Jacob Selhub, Julie E. Buring, Shumin M. Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cysteinylglycine, a prooxidant generated during the catabolism of glutathione, has been suggested to induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, leading to the development of human cancers. Observational data relating cysteinylglycine status to breast cancer risk are lacking. We prospectively evaluated plasma cysteinylglycine levels and invasive breast cancer risk among 812 case-control pairs nested in the Women's Health Study, a completed randomized trial evaluating low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in middle-aged and older women. We additionally evaluated the effect modification by risk factors for oxidative stress, such as vitamin E assignment, alcohol consumption, obesity, and postmenopausal hormone use. Logistic regression controlling for matching factors, as well as other risk factors for breast cancer, was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). All statistical tests were two sided. We observed no overall association between plasma cysteinylglycine and invasive breast cancer risk. However, higher cysteinylglycine levels were marginally associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in the high oxidative stress groups. Women in the highest quintile group of cysteinylglycine relative to the lowest group had multivariate RRs (95% CIs) of 1.64 (1.01–2.66; Ptrend = 0.04) in the vitamin E placebo group, 2.51 (1.01–6.24; Ptrend = 0.07) in the high alcohol intake group (≥9 g/day), and 1.66 (0.97–2.84; Ptrend = 0.03) in the overweight and obese group. Our findings suggest that women who are susceptible to experiencing oxidative stress may be at a greater risk for developing breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(23):11123–7]
The Significance of<i>Candida albicans</i>in Human Sputum
Authors: Gerald L. Baum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE presence of fungi (both yeasts and molds) in sputum has been of increasing interest since the advent of antibiotics and steroids as common therapeutic agents. In addition, the development of two potent antifungal antibiotics, nystatin and amphotericin B, has made urgent the question of significance of positive sputum cultures for fungi.In general the extensive use of steroids, penicillin, streptomycin and the tetracycline drugs has led to the more frequent finding of fungi in sputum cultures. However, the importance of this finding in relation to pulmonary disease is not understood since the organisms represent, for the most part, normal . . .