tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AMA-DE II
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Approximately one quarter of a million American physicians are familiar with the first edition ofAMA Drug Evaluations (AMA-DE), the American Medical Association's comprehensive treatise on drugs. This book, released in 1971, has been widely acclaimed for its forthright, scientific approach in evaluating therapeutic agents. A revised second edition will appear early in September 1973.  The second edition ofAMA-DEwill describe approximately 1,200 drugs, both single-entity compounds and mixtures; this coverage embraces about 95% of the drugs used in medical practice. Prepared by the AMA Department of Drugs with the advice of more than 300 consultants,AMA-DEpresents considered judgments on the comparative efficacy and safety of drugs. As an organization independent of both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry, the American Medical Association is in a unique position to provide unbiased value judgments on drugs. Indeed, many of the judgments on effectiveness found in
CYT387, a novel JAK2 inhibitor, induces hematologic responses and normalizes inflammatory cytokines in murine myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Jeffrey W. Tyner, Thomas G. Bumm, Jutta Deininger, Lisa Wood, Karl J. Aichberger, Marc M. Loriaux, Brian J. Druker, Christopher J. Burns, Emmanuelle Fantino, Michael W. Deininger
Journal: Blood (2010)
A missense mutation in the neutrophil cytochrome b heavy chain in cytochrome-positive X-linked chronic granulomatous disease.
Authors: M C Dinauer, J T Curnutte, H Rosen, S H Orkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

A membrane-bound cytochrome b, a heterodimer formed by a 91-kD glycoprotein and a 22-kD polypeptide, is a critical component of the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase responsible for the generation of superoxide anion. Mutations in the gene for the 91-kD chain of this cytochrome result in the X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), in which phagocytes are unable to produce superoxide. Typically, there is a marked deficiency of the 91-kD subunit and the cytochrome spectrum is absent (X- CGD). In a variant form of CGD with X-linked inheritance, affected males have a normal visible absorbance spectrum of cytochrome b, yet fail to generate superoxide (X+ CGD). The size and abundance of the mRNA for the 91-kD subunit and its encoded protein were examined and appeared normal. To search for a putative mutation in the coding sequence of the 91-kD subunit gene, the corresponding RNA from an affected X+ male was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. A single nucleotide change, a C----A transversion, was identified that predicts a nonconservative Pro----His substitution at residue 415 of the encoded protein. Hybridization of amplified genomic DNA with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes demonstrated the mutation to be specific to affected X+ males and the carrier state. These results strengthen the concept that all X-linked CGD relates to mutations affecting the expression or structure of the 91-kD cytochrome b subunit. The mechanism by which the Pro 415----His mutation renders the oxidase nonfunctional is unknown, but may involve an impaired interaction with other components of the oxidase.
Mitogen plus interleukin 4 induction of C epsilon transcripts in B lymphoid cells.
Authors: P Rothman, S Lutzker, W Cook, R Coffman, F W Alt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

To elucidate the mechanism of IL-4-induced enhancement of IgE and IgG1 production, murine splenic B cells and A-MuLV-transformed cells were cultured with LPS and IL-4 and assayed for epsilon and gamma 1 transcripts. Concomitant treatment with IL-4 and LPS induced expression of C epsilon transcripts in both normal and transformed cells. Expression of these truncated C epsilon transcripts preceded accumulation of normal epsilon mRNA in treated cells. Consistent data were obtained with respect to gamma 1 RNA expression. These results suggest that IL-4 can direct class switching in the context of a mechanism associated with differential expression of germline constant region genes.
Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology
Authors: M Field
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed P Maddison, David A Isenberg, Patricia Woo, David N Glass Oxford University Press, (Pounds Sterling)120, pp 11 42 ISBN 0-19-262026-6

Competition among large rheumatology textbooks is becoming increasingly fierce. Previously the leaders have been broadly based on national lines, with British (Copeman's Textbook of the Rheumatic Diseases, pounds sterling 100) and American (Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology, pounds sterling 172) the main contenders. The Oxford Textbook of Rheumatology is a two volume text taking an international form, with authors from both …
Experimental study of mitral valve incompetence and mitral valve lesions following papillary muscle inactivation in the dog
Authors: D. E. M. Taylor, J. D. Wade, C. F. Hider
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

The effect of papillary muscle inactivation on mitral valve competence has been studied in 28 dogs for up to six months. Ten animals showed evidence of mitral incompetence at some stage. In only two was severe incompetence produced, and one of these animals died after 20 days. In five of the 10 animals mitral incompetence regressed in the follow-up period. Fibrotic or calcific lesions were found in the mitral valves of five animals, but in only three were these gross.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time Of Flight (maldi-tof) Mass Spectroscopy (ms): A Novel Method of Evaluating in Vitro Changes in Fel D1, Domestic Cat Major Antigen, Over Time
Authors: C SOLTIS, B FILETA, T WOOD, M MANTARING, M NELSON
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
A NEW METHOD OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: James J. Donahue
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A minor alteration in the Unger blood transfusion apparatus now in general use makes possible a radical change in the method of operation, having important advantages. This consists merely in discarding the rubber tubing and adapter that are attached to the nipple at the saline opening. In place of this nipple,ÃÂ· a female adapter made from the hilt of a record cannula is brazed strongly to the machine in line with the port<i>C</i>, as shown in the accompanying illustration. This new attachment receives the tip of a record syringe. The change from the Unger method of operation is as follows: No saline solution is employed during the transfusion, and whole blood only is used. A record syringe,<i>A</i>, operates similarly to the original record syringe,<i> B</i>, of the Unger method and works in opposite phase to it. While<i>A</i>is filled from the donor,<i>B</i>discharges into the recipient, and the two operations are simultaneous.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Accessory Spleen Causing a False-positive Tc-99m- Sulfur Colloid Study
Authors: SYDNEY HEYMAN, FRANCIS P. SUNARYO, MORTIZ M. ZIEGLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

A Tc-99m-sulfur colloid abdominal scan was performed on a 12-year-old girl to localize the site of gastrointestinal bleeding. The study was normal. When bleeding recurred two weeks later, a repeat study revealed a focal abnormality in the upper abdomen. This was thought to be compatible with a small bleed. However, at surgery an accessory spleen was found, accounting for the abnormal scan.
Linkage of Tunisian autosomal recessive Duchenne–like muscular dystrophy to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 13q
Authors: Kamel Ben Othmane, Mongi Ben Hamida, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Christiane Ben Hamida, Samir Blel, Susan C. Carter, Anne M. Bowcock, Konstantin Petruhkin, T. Conrad Gilliam, Allen D. Roses, Faycal Hentati, Jeffery M. Vance
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy on Carotid Chemoreceptor and Baroreceptor Function in Man
Authors: John G. Wade, C. Philip Larson, Robert F. Hickey, William K. Ehrenfeld, John W. Severinghaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

The ventilatory response to inhaled carbon dioxide was measured during hyperoxia (Pao2 over 200 torr) and hypoxia (Pao2 of 40 torr) in 14 patients before and one to nine weeks after carotid endarterectomy for transient attacks of cerebral ischemia. Ventilatory response was unchanged in the seven patients undergoing unilateral carotid endarterectomy. All seven patients undergoing staged bilateral procedures lost their ventilatory response to hypoxia and showed a 5.8-torr increase in mean resting Paco2. In four patients studied, hypoxia at constant Paco2 increased systolic blood pressure before and clearly decreased it after bilateral surgery. Bilateral carotid endarterectomy results in a loss of carotid-body function, with loss of the usual compensatory respiratory or circulatory responses to hypoxia. Baroreceptor activity, as measured by the standard Valsalva maneuver, was minimal before and showed no consistent change as a result of surgery.
Quality Assessment of Protected Specimen Brush Samples by Microscopic Cell Count
Authors: AN H. MERTENS, JAN M. NAGLER, DANIELLA I. GALDERMANS, HANS R. SLABBYNCK, BARBARA WEISE, DIRK COOLEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Protected specimen brushing (PSB), combined with quantitative culture, is now recognized as one of the reference methods for diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. However, no criteria exist with which to assess the quality of the PSB sample. We studied numbers of inflammatory cells and bronchial cells per microscopic field (magnification: × 500, objective × 50) in cytospin preparations of PSB samples. Results of cell count and quantitative culture in a first study period were compared with those in a second study period, following adaptation of the PSB technique and collection of samples from more peripheral sites. The cellular content of samples from patients and controls was investigated. We examined 86 samples from patients with suspected nosocomial pneumonia and 15 samples from uninfected controls. The number of samples with a high cellular content was considerably greater in the second study period. No positive cultures were obtained from samples containing < 10 cells per field. The numbers of cells in samples from uninfected controls were comparable to the numbers in samples from patients. Our results indicate that absence of cells probably represents inadequate sampling. Negative PSB cultures with cytospin preparations containing < 10 cells per microscopic field should therefore be considered with caution, and resampling considered.
An Insect Molecular Clock Dates the Origin of the Insects and Accords with Palaeontological and Biogeographic Landmarks
Authors: Michael W. Gaunt, Michael A. Miles
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

A unified understanding of >390 Myr of insect evolution requires insight into their origin. Molecular clocks are widely applied for evolutionary dating, but clocks for the class Insecta have remained elusive. We now define a robust nucleotide and amino acid mitochondrial molecular clock encompassing five insect orders, including the Blattaria (cockroaches), Orthoptera (crickets and locusts), Hemiptera (true bugs), Diptera, and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). Calibration of the clock using one of the earliest, most extensive fossil records for insects (the early ancestors of extant Blattaria) was congruent with all available insect fossils, with biogeographic history, with the Cambrian explosion, and with independent dating estimates from Lepidopteran families. In addition, dates obtained from both nucleotide and amino acid clocks were congruent with each other. Of particular interest to vector biology is the early date of the emergence of triatomine bugs (99.8-93.5 MYA), coincident with the formation of the South American continent during the breakup of Gondwanaland. More generally, we reveal the insects arising from a common ancestor with the Anostraca (fairy shrimps) at around the Silurian-Ordovician boundary (434.2-421.1 MYA) coinciding with the earliest plant megafossil. We explore Tilyard's theory proposing that the terrestrial transition of the aquatic arthropod ancestor to the insects is associated with a particular plant group (early vascular plants). The major output of the study is a comprehensive series of dates for deep-branching points within insect evolution that can act as calibration points for further dating studies within insect families and genera.
Abstract 2331: One of the first steps of metastasis is remodeling of the extracellular matrix microenvironment
Authors: Hilary A. Kenny, Payton Leonhardt, Andras Ladanyi, Katja Gwin, Ernst Lengyel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract During metastasis tumor cells initiate processes that lead to the loss of normal tissue architecture and formation of the tumor microenvironment. The main site of metastasis in ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the omentum. Little is known about the initial changes in extra-cellular matrix (ECM) during early OvCa metastasis. A 3-dimensional (D) organotypic model of the omentum was used to investigate the remodeling of the ECMs during the initial steps of OvCa metastasis. Vitronectin and fibronectin increased when OvCa cells (SKOV3ip1 and Hey A8) were added to the 3D omental model, while collagen type I decreased. Vitronectin was produced by the cancer cells and stroma, while fibronectin was produced solely by cancer cells. Collagen type I decreases in stroma and increases in OvCa when co-cultured. Vitronectin, fibronectin and collagen type I are produced by primary human mesothelial cells and fibroblasts and are present in ascites. Two immunohistochemical studies with human tumors confirmed the above findings. First during early OvCa metastasis in humans, fibronectin is present in the stroma, while vitronectin and collagen type I are present in both cancer cells and the stroma. Second, ECM localization in 20 sets of primary and omental metastasis tumors from the same patients was performed. Fibronectin was absent in the primary tumor and present in the metastatic tumor stroma, while vitronectin was produced in cancer cells and stroma in primary and metastatic tumors. Additionally, a Reverse-Phase Protein Array was performed on primary versus omental metastasis tissue from 20 postmenopausal patients with FIGO Stage III/IV, high grade papillary-serous OvCa. Fibronectin was significantly increased, while vitronectin was significantly decreased in the omental metastasis vs. primary tumor, respectively. Additional experiments revealed changes in the tumor cell cytoskeleton in conjunction with increased expression of integrins (α5β1-and αvβ3-integrin) and proteases (uPA, uPAR, MMP-2 and MMP-9). Integrins and proteases were transiently knocked down using sequence-specific siRNA. Both α5β1-integrin and MMP-2, but not αvβ3-integrin and MMP-9, were found to be necessary for the remodeling of fibronectin. Taken together, these findings reveal the initial transformation of ECM in the normal omental architecture during early OvCa metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2331.
International Expert Committee Report on the Role of the A1C Assay in the Diagnosis of Diabetes
Authors: David M. Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We appreciate the comment by Kilpatrick et al. (1) regarding the International Expert Committee report on the diagnosis of diabetes with the A1C assay (2). The Committee considered all of the limitations of the A1C assay for populations in which it is not available or is currently too expensive, as well as for individuals in whom the assay may be misleading. On the basis of these recognized limitations, the Committee emphasized the use of the currently recommended glucose tests and criteria in such populations or individuals. We did not “breeze over” any of the relative advantages or disadvantages of the A1C assay as a means of diagnosis; rather, the …
Pieter Van Boxel
Authors: A. West
Journal: BMJ (2012)

After a year in Durban, Pieter Van Boxel moved to Britain, where he worked as a casualty officer in Bath, and a senior house officer in Guy’s Hospital before obtaining a Geoffrey Knight research fellowship at the Maudsley. He returned to Guy’s for his senior registrar years, where, famed for his dashing good looks and love of travel and good food, he met his future wife, Mo. 

In 1980 he took up his consultant post in …
Revised response criteria for myelofibrosis: International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) and European LeukemiaNet (ELN) consensus report
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Francisco Cervantes, Ruben Mesa, Francesco Passamonti, Srdan Verstovsek, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Jason Gotlib, Brigitte Dupriez, Animesh Pardanani, Claire Harrison, Ronald Hoffman, Heinz Gisslinger, Nicolaus Kröger, Juergen Thiele, Tiziano Barbui, Giovanni Barosi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Endothelial function fluctuates with diurnal variation in the frequency of ischemic episodes in patients with variant angina
Authors: Hiroaki Kawano, Takeshi Motoyama, Hirofumi Yasue, Nobutaka Hirai, Hesham M Waly, Kiyotaka Kugiyama, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Lung cancer, smoking, and environment: a cohort study of the Danish population
Authors: G. Engholm, F. Palmgren, E. Lynge
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: The almost twofold difference in lung cancer incidence between people living in Copenhagen and in the rural areas of Denmark in the 1980s led to public concern; this study was undertaken to assess the effects of air pollution and occupation on lung cancer in Denmark, with control for smoking habits. <b>Design</b>: Cohort study of national population. <b>Subjects</b>: People aged 30-64 and economically active in 1970 (927 470 men and 486 130 women). <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Relative risks for lung cancer estimated with multiplicative Poisson modelling of incidence rates. <b>Results</b>: Differences in smoking habit explained about 60% of the excess lung cancer risk in Copenhagen for men and 90% for women. After control for smoking, workers had double the lung cancer risk of teachers and academics. There was only a small independent effect of region. <b>Conclusion</b>: Smoking is the main factor behind the regional differences in lung cancer incidence in Denmark, and occupational risk factors also seem to have an important role. The outdoor air in Copenhagen around 1970 contained on average 50-80 µg/m<sup>3</sup> of sulphur dioxide, 80-100 µg/m<sup>3</sup> total suspended particulate matter, and up to 10 ng/m<sup>3</sup> benzo(a)pyrene and had peak values of daily smoke of 120 µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Region had only a small effect on incidence of lung cancer in the present study, which suggests that an influence of outdoor air pollution on lung cancer is identifiable only above this pollution level. <h3>Key messages</h3> This cohort study of the national population shows that smoking explained about 60% of the excess lung cancer risk in Copenhagen for men and 90% for women After control for smoking, however, workers had double the cancer risk of teachers or academics, whereas there was only a small independent effect of region The outdoor air in Copenhagen around 1970 contained on average 50-80 µg/m<sup>3</sup> of sulphur dioxide, 80-100 µg/m<sup>3</sup> total suspended particulate matter, and up to 10 ng/m<sup>3</sup> benzo(a)pyrene and had peak values of daily smoke of 120 µg/m<sup>3</sup> The fact that only a small effect of region on lung cancer incidence was seen in the present study indicates that an influence of outdoor air pollution on lung cancer is identifiable only above this pollution level
Will the neural blackboard architecture scale up to semantics?
Authors: Michael G. Dyer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The neural blackboard architecture is a localist structured connectionist model that employs a novel connection matrix to implement dynamic bindings without requiring propagation of temporal synchrony. Here I note the apparent need for many distinct matrices and the effect this might have for scale-up to semantic processing. I also comment on the authors' initial foray into the symbol grounding problem.
TCT-701 TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE IN VALVE IMPLANTATION (MVIV) IN TEN PATIENTS: SYMPTOMS, GRADIENT AND FUNCTIONAL STATUS UP TO THREE YEARS POSTOPERATIVELY
Authors: Alfredo Giuseppe Cerillo, Federica Marchi, Massimiliano Mariani, Enkel Kallushi, Michele Murzi, Cataldo Palmieri, Mattia Glauber, Sergio Berti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Ombrabulin plus cisplatin versus placebo plus cisplatin in patients with advanced soft-tissue sarcomas after failure of anthracycline and ifosfamide chemotherapy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Jean-Yves Blay, Zsuzsanna Pápai, Anthony W Tolcher, Antoine Italiano, Didier Cupissol, Antonio López-Pousa, Sant P Chawla, Emmanuelle Bompas, Nada Babovic, Nicolas Penel, Nicolas Isambert, Arthur P Staddon, Esma Saâda-Bouzid, Armando Santoro, Fabio A Franke, Patrick Cohen, Solenn Le-Guennec, George D Demetri
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2015)
Limb amputation in hemoglobin SC disease after application of ice and elevation
Authors: Sadia Saleem, Lawrence Rice
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract A 31‐year‐old man with hemoglobin SC disease was admitted with acute chest syndrome, treated with antibiotics and ventilator support. His restrained right wrist and hand became swollen and cool, thought due to infiltration of an intravenous line. The hand was elevated, ice packs applied around the clock, and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin given. The arm quickly turned gangrenous. In spite of attempted thrombectomy and red blood cell exchange transfusion, amputation was required. Cold, elevation, and measures that reduce blood flow are known precipitators of sickling and crises. Vasoocclusion of the extremities to the point of gangrene is rarely reported in sickle cell disorders, and this case highlights the dangers of measures limiting blood flow in such patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.