tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood eosinophils from asymptomatic allergies have a reduced capacity to produce oxygen‐free radicals
Authors: C. Woschnagg, S. Rak, P. Venge
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background The eosinophil granulocyte is an inflammatory cell that plays an active part in diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. This study aimed to investigate oxidative metabolism by blood eosinophils taken from allergic rhinitis patients, asthmatics, and nonallergic controls before and during the birch‐pollen season. Methods Twenty patients with allergy to birch pollen and seasonal symptoms of rhinitis, some of whom were also asthmatic, were followed before and during the birch‐pollen season in Sweden. The cells were purified using a Percoll gradient and the MACS system. Eosinophil purity in all samples was &gt;95%. Oxidative metabolism was measured by a chemiluminescence (CL) assay, with luminol and lucigenin acting as enhancers, and PMA, serum‐treated zymosan (STZ), interleukin (IL)‐5. or RANTES as stimuli. Results The allergic subjects showed reduced luminol CL when activated before the season with PMA (P = 0.40) or STZ (P = 0.0055). This was not seen during pollen exposure. STZ‐activated lucigenin CL was also reduced before the season (P = 0.0027). The reduction was most evident in the group with asymptomatic rhinitis. In terms of eosinophil stimulation. IL‐5 and RANTES were equally effective in allergic and nonallergic subjects, both before and during the pollen season. Conclusions Blood eosinophils from asymptomatic allergies may have a lower capacity to produce oxygen‐free radicals than eosinophils from nonallergics.
High serum concentrations of soluble E-selectin correlate with obesity but not fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kazunari Matsumoto, Yasunori Sera, Yasuyo Abe, Tan Tominaga, Kensaku Horikami, Koichi Hirao, Yukitaka Ueki, Seibei Miyake
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Biliary excretion in Sprague-Dawley and Gunn rats during manganese-bilirubin-induced cholestasis
Authors: Pierre Ayotte, Gabriel L. Plaa
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

We previously showed that alterations of the bile canalicular membrane are likely to occur following a cholestatic regimen composed sequentially of manganese and bilirubin. The present study was designed primarily to investigate the biliary excretion of organic bile constituents following administration of the manganese-bilirubin combination. Experiments in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats were also performed to determine whether the unconjugated or the conjugated form of bilirubin is involved in this cholestatic interaction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats and male homozygous Gunn rats were given the following (i.v.): (a) manganese (4.5 mg per kg); (b) unconjugated bilirubin (25 mg per kg); (c) bilirubin ditaurate (38 mg per kg); (d) manganese-unconjugated bilirubin, or (e) manganese-bilirubin ditaurate. Bile flow was measured and bile was analyzed for manganese, total bilirubin, bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipid content. The results show that: (i) manganese-unconjugated bilirubin treatment caused about a 50% reduction in bile flow in Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas in Gunn rats the manganese-bilirubin ditaurate treatment resulted in about a 75% reduction, and (ii) in both strains, bile salt excretion was not appreciably modified during the cholestatic phase, as biliary bile salt concentration increased. The results suggest that although important differences regarding the form of bilirubin apparently exist, unconjugated bilirubin could be implicated in the cholestatic interaction in both strains of rats. Manganese-bilirubin-induced cholestasis is not related to a defect in bile salt excretion. The latter supports our contention that diminished canalicular membrane permeability to water is likely to be a key factor in this form of experimental cholestasis.
Poetry as Healer: Mending the Troubled Mind
Authors: Thomas H. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Can poetry really "mend the troubled mind"? Is every man a poetaster? Does the hospital and clinic need to budget for a designated poet-therapist? The chapters in this book are reprinted from<i>Poetry Therapy</i>(1969) and<i>Poetry the Healer</i>(1975), both from JB Lippincott, New York. The editor's introduction defines poetry as a "royal road to the unconscious." "Like medications, poems are now used as tranquilizers, anti-depressants, sedatives, and hypnotics." Further, "poetry is a secret power and an untapped national resource for healing [and] is a guide to the hidden mind and to more creative and enriching life." Once one has thus defined poetry, the next step is to erect national organizations, training programs, and certification procedures for graduated poetry therapists. The tedious question of whether there is such a thing as poetry therapy can be ignored by the enthusiast. The 21 chapters of the book are of distinctly uneven
Psychiatric Symptoms Associated with Scleroderma
Authors: N.V. Angelopoulos, A.A. Drosos, H.M. Moutsopoulos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and hostility factors in patients with scleroderma, although a matter of clinical interest, it is rather poorly studied. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Thirty female patients with scleroderma were investigated. Thirty-three healthy women were used as a comparison group. The applied psychometric instruments were the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ), the Delusions Symptoms States Inventory/states of Anxiety and Depression (DSSI/sAD) and the Symptom Check List-90R (SCL-90R). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The scleroderma patients reported significantly increased depression and anxiety, somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and obsessive-compulsiveness. Paranoid ideation and psychotic symptoms scores were also increased. On hostility, they presented significantly higher scores predominantly on guilt. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Psychiatric symptomatology in the form of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, somatization and feelings of guilt were reported by the majority of the patients with scleroderma.
Early Anterior Fusion for Injuries of the Cervical Portion of the Spine
Authors: Horace Norrell
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The anterior approach to cervical spine fractures and dislocations offers a unique opportunity for the surgeon to directly visualize and treat the lesion producing spinal cord compression, whether it be a herniated disk or bony fragment from the vertebral body. At the same time the spinal instability may be corrected by a vertebral interbody fusion. If the vertebral body has been crushed, it is possible to replace it, preventing the deformity and instability which might produce further damage to the spinal cord. The problems attending prolonged immobilization in skull traction, the traditional management of cervical spine fractures, are avoided and active rehabilitation is instituted immediately following surgery reducing the time required for bed treatment.
Comparison of MRI, F-18 FDG, and 11C-Choline PET/CT for Their Potentials in Differentiating Brain Tumor Recurrence From Brain Tumor Necrosis Following Radiotherapy
Authors: Haibo Tan, Limin Chen, Yihui Guan, Xiangtong Lin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Objective: To compare potentials of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), F-18 FDG, and 11C-Choline PET/CT in differentiating brain tumor recurrence from necrosis after radiotherapy. Methods: Fifty-five patients with suspected brain tumor recurrence or necrosis after radiotherapy underwent MRI, F-18 FDG, and 11C-choline PET/CT examinations, and all the patients were followed up for at least 11 months. Lesion diagnoses based on medical imaging were compared with pathology or follow-up outcomes. Results: The sensitivities of MRI, F-18 FDG PET/CT, and 11C-Choline PET/CT in lesion diagnosis were 87.2%, 76.9%, and 92.3%, respectively, and their specificities were 81.3%, 62.5%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that 11C-Choline PET/CT with higher sensitivity and specificity may be better in distinguishing recurrent brain tumor from radionecrosis compared with F-18 FDG PET/CT and MRI.
Myositis: Immunologic Contributions to Understanding Cause, Pathogenesis, and Therapy
Authors: Paul H. Plotz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The myositis syndromes, the most common forms of which are polymyositis and dermatomyositis, are defined by idiopathic chronic inflammation in skeletal muscle.Although initially described more than a century ago, these diseases are so rare and heterogeneous that we have only a limited understanding of their causes and treatment. Recently, autoimmune responses to nuclear and cytoplasmic autoantigens that are unique to patients with myositis, the myositis-specific autoantibodies, have proved clinically useful in helping predict signs and symptoms of myositis, immunogenetics, responses to therapy, and prognosis. We summarize this new information on the variety and nature of these autoantibodies, their target epitopes, and their possible use in identifying causes, pathogenetic mechanisms, and better therapies for these increasingly recognized disorders.
A NEW DRY SURGICAL DRESSING.
Authors: ALBERT C. BARNES
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Whatever interest the manifold substitutes for iodoform may have for the surgeon or dermatologist, they are too similar in chemical construction and attributes to claim the serious attention of the scientific pharmacologist familiar with the laws of the relationship between chemical constitution and physiologic activity; the latter knows that clinically they must be of practically identical worth and have all the same limitations, disadvantages or dangers. Surgeons employ the odoriferous, toxic, non-antiseptic iodoform in the treatment of infected wounds because they know that not one of the substitutes is of equal value in cleaning the wound of the products of septic and necrotic processes and in stimulating healthy granulation. Aside from the stigmatizing odor of iodoform, the need of a substitute therefor has received additional emphasis by the fact that within comparatively recent times surgeons everywhere have frequently recorded more or less severe forms of headache, with or without anuria
Pilot projects show cancer treatment can be speeded up
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Pilot projects across the United Kingdom have shown that the diagnosis and treatment of cancer can be significantly speeded up, with some reporting a 50% reduction in time to first treatment.

The findings come from the Cancer Services Collaborative, a national programme aiming to improve the experience and outcomes of cancer care by optimising care delivery. It forms part of the NHS Cancer Plan—a national plan designed to improve cancer survival in the United Kingdom.

In a report published by the collaborative last week, results from the first 12 months showed that changes tested in pilot studies by 51 project teams across nine cancer networks had achieved significant reductions in waiting …
Accountability remains "grey area" that could lead to failure of NHS reforms, warns NHS Confederation
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The demands being made on the NHS are so huge that unless more is done to support the organisations expected to deliver the reforms patients could lose out, the NHS Confederation has warned.

In his new year’s message Nigel Edwards, acting chief executive of the organisation which represents most NHS bodies, said that “2011 will be really tough for the NHS, possibly the toughest year it has faced.”

He said that policy makers needed to spell out how the reforms being introduced in England will improve patient care, how they will work in practice, and what is being done to mitigate the risks associated with them.

Mr Edwards said his organisation supported …
Putting Cholesterol Control on a Diet-Reply
Authors: Peter W. F. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> How you look at screening depends on your perspective. On one hand you are interested in identifying cases, and on the other there is the cost of testing many individuals who are not cases. The situation grows complicated when screening for future cases vs future noncases. Dr Thompson has modified Table 4 in our recently published article and chosen to emphasize the percentage of individuals who are not predicted to develop coronary disease over 6 years. It is his conclusion that screening after age 50 years seems to be most productive in identifying cases. Balancing that fact are long-term Framingham survival data from the original cohort showing the strongest associations for cholesterol and mortality in men aged 31 to 47 years and women aged 40 to 47 years.<sup>1</sup>We were cautious about aggressive implementation of the National Cholesterol Education Program algorithm past age 60 years because we
486 INDUSTRIAL, BUT NOT FRUIT FRUCTOSE INTAKE IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE LIVER FIBROSIS IN GENOTYPE 1 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: S. Petta, V. Di Marco, F.S. Macaluso, C. Cammà, D. Cabibi, S. Ciminnisi, L. Caracausi, A. Craxi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Suicide Prevention Programs-The Current Scene
Authors: ANSON B. HAUGHTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

In less than a year the number of suicide prevention facilities in the United States increased from 47 to 74. A questionnaire survey of 60 of the centers reveals data on the auspices of the centers, the nature of their programs, the costs and volume of services, and the kind of person who makes use of these facilities. The author concludes that the programs provide a service that is of unique and special use to their communities and of considerable value to those who use it.
Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation of the DNA Repair Enzyme MGMT Predicts Clinical Response to Dacarbazine in a Phase II Study for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Alessio Amatu, Andrea Sartore-Bianchi, Catia Moutinho, Alessandro Belotti, Katia Bencardino, Giuseppe Chirico, Andrea Cassingena, Francesca Rusconi, Anna Esposito, Michele Nichelatti, Manel Esteller, Salvatore Siena
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair protein removing mutagenic and cytotoxic adducts from O(6)-guanine in DNA. Approximately 40% of colorectal cancers (CRC) display MGMT deficiency due to the promoter hypermethylation leading to silencing of the gene. Alkylating agents, such as dacarbazine, exert their antitumor activity by DNA methylation at the O(6)-guanine site, inducing base pair mismatch; therefore, activity of dacarbazine could be enhanced in CRCs lacking MGMT. We conducted a phase II study with dacarbazine in CRCs who had failed standard therapies (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluoropyrimidines, and cetuximab or panitumumab if KRAS wild-type).All patients had tumor tissue assessed for MGMT as promoter hypermethylation in double-blind for treatment outcome. Patients received dacarbazine 250 mg/m(2) intravenously every day for four consecutive days, every 21 days, until progressive disease or intolerable toxicity. We used a Simon two-stage design to determine whether the overall response rate would be 10% or more. Secondary endpoints included association of response, progression-free survival, and disease control rate with MGMT status.Sixty-eight patients were enrolled from May 2011 to March 2012. Patients received a median of three cycles of dacarbazine (range 1-12). Grades 3 and 4 toxicities included: fatigue (41%), nausea/vomiting (29%), constipation (25%), platelet count decrease (19%), and anemia (18%). Overall, two patients (3%) achieved partial response and eight patients (12%) had stable disease. Disease control rate (partial response + stable disease) was significantly associated with MGMT promoter hypermethylation in the corresponding tumors.Objective clinical responses to dacarbazine in patients with metastatic CRC are confined to those tumors harboring epigenetic inactivation of the DNA repair enzyme MGMT.
An atlas of ultrastructure.
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In the past twenty years or so electronmicroscopy has opened up new vistas for research that recall the great scientific activity that took place more than a century ago when the light microscope first began to prove itself. The techniques and interpretations of electronmicroscopy have brought into being a whole new vocabulary, not too easy for the uninitiated to understand. The present volume is intended not for the electronmicroscopist who is constantly immersed in the study of ultrastructure, but rather for the student or researcher, the clinician or pathologist, who has occasion to refer to electronmicrograms and who needs a guide in his observations. The atlas does not try to replace, but only to supplement, the ordinary histology texts and to provide a knowledge of ultrastructure to those who already have some knowledge of histology. Most of the tissues studied are those of the mouse. The author presents first a
MODIFICATION OF THE HOMOTYPIC SPECIFICITY OF POLIOMYELITIS COMPLEMENT-FIXING ANTIGENS BY HEAT
Authors: Nathalie J. Schmidt, Edwin H. Lennette
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Fluid obtained from HeLa cell cultures infected with poliomyelitis viruses served as a complement-fixing antigen. When used in the native state, i.e. untreated in any way, the fluids acted as homotypically specific antigens. When heated, however, the antigenicity was broadened and a high degree of heterotypic reactivity was encountered. Data are presented indicating that the observed group reactivity was apparently based on common antigens shared by the three immunologic types of poliomyelitis virus. This reactivity appeared to be specific for the poliomyelitis viruses. No evidence was obtained in preliminary experiments that heating of the antigens releases a "soluble" antigen responsible for the group reactivity.
1059-16 Can autologous myoblast transplantation decrease chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation?
Authors: Emmanuel Messas, Alain Bell, Miguel Cortes Morichetti, Claire Carrion, Mark Handschumacher, Jean-Thomas Vilquin, Michel Desnos, Patrick Bruneval, Philippe Menasché, Alain Carpentier, Robert A Levine, Albert A Hagege
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Congential Cardiac Anomaly
Authors: T. A. H. English
Journal: BMJ (1974)

That book soon became a standard work and the knowledge it summarized provided the jumping-off ground for a decade of biochemically-orientated research in labora- tories all over the world.Twenty years later the same publishers have launched The Molecular Biology of Cancer, which in its tuLrn could also become a standard work.Twenty authors, including
PREVENTION OF CONTRAST-INDUCED NEPHROPATHY WITH BOLUS INJECTION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING AN EMERGENT CORONARY PROCEDURE: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Hiromichi Ueda, Takahisa Yamada, Yuji Okuyama, Takashi Morita, Yoshio Furukawa, Koji Tanaka, Yusuke Iwasaki, Taku yasui, Takeshi Okada, Masato Kawasaki, Yuki Kuramoto, Masatake Fukunami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Fecal Body Odor
Authors: Theodor Rosebury
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Richard L. Dobson's reply (222:1659, 1972) to a question on a patient's report of fecal body odor would seem to call for substantiation or documentation. The wording of the question ("... an intense body odor which he [the patient] describes as fecal..." and "... lincomycin [treatment for a respiratory infection] seemed to make the body odor less noticeable) leave open a possibility of olfactory hallucination or synesthesia. It is not stated that the odor was perceived by the physician himself or by anyone other than the patient. Yet the answer reads that the "odor is undoubtedly due to decomposition by bacteria or keratin, sebum (or) apocrine gland secretion" and the prescription not only localizes the odor with some assurance in the axillae, but recommends such remedies as an antibacterial soap and an antiperspirant-deodorant. This field, being poorly studied and little understood, is presumably for that reason widely
Postpartum Pleural Effusion: A Common Radiologic Finding
Authors: WILLIAM G. HUGHSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We did a retrospective study of 112 patients and prospective study of 30 patients and 30 controls to ascertain the incidence of postpartum pleural effusion. An effusion was shown on chest radiographs in 51 patients (46%) in the retrospective study, and 20 patients (67%) in the prospective study. The incidence of pleural effusion in obstetric patients in the prospective study was significantly greater than that of controls (chi-squared test, 20.4, p less than 0.001). There was no difference between patients with effusion and those without in age, race, parity, antepartum complications, method of delivery, fetal outcome, or postpartum complications. We conclude that pleural effusion occurs frequently in the first 24 hours after delivery and that, in the absence of symptoms or signs of cardiopulmonary disorder, no intervention is necessary.
Cholestasis and vitamin E deficiency: Neurologic disorders
Authors: Fernando Alvarez, Daniel Alagille
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

To determine the frequency of biochemical vitamin E deficiency and of the clinical signs of the vitamin E deficiency neurologic syndrome in children with prolonged neonatal cholestatic disorders, we studied 46 children (aged 1 month to 17.0 years) with chronic forms of intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis and 47 children (aged 4 months to 8.0 years) with extrahepatic biliary atresia. Based on serum vitamin E concentrations and the ratios of serum vitamin E concentration to total serum lipid concentration, 64% of the intrahepatic and 77% of the extrahepatic cholestasis groups were vitamin E deficient. Prior to age 1 year, neurologic function was normal in all children. Between ages 1 and 3 years, neurologic abnormalities were present in approximately 50% of the vitamin E-deficient children; after age 3 years, neurologic abnormalities were present in all vitamin E-deficient children. Areflexia was the first abnormality to develop between ages 1 and 4 years; truncal and limb ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and ophthal-moplegia developed between ages 3 and 6 years. Neurologic dysfunction progressed to a disabling combination of findings by ages 8 to 10 years in the majority of vitamin E-deficient children. Neurologic function was normal in the vitamin E-sufficient children. We conclude that vitamin E status should be evaluated in infants in whom cholestasis is diagnosed, and effective therapy should be initiated to prevent or treat vitamin E deficiency at an early age.