tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
C19O2 Steroids and Some of Their Precursors in Blood from Normal Human Adrenals *
Authors: Ralph G. Wieland, Constance de Courcy, Richard P. Levy, Antonia P. Zala, H. Hirschmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

The ready response of the main urinary 11- deoxy-17-ketosteroids to adrenal suppression and adrenal stimulation leaves no doubt that a con- siderable fraction of urinary androsterone (3ahydroxy-5a-androstan-17-one), 5,8-androsterone (3ca-hydroxy-5/8-androstan-17-one), and andros- tenolone (3,8-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one, dehy- droepiandrosterone) must be derived from adrenal precursors.However, when adrenal vein blood was examined for such compounds, no consistent pattern emerged (3-9) ; therefore the identity of the precursors remained in doubt.The presence of androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione), which was tentatively identified by Pincus and Romanoff (3), was not confirmed by Lombardo, McMorris, and Hudson (6), who examined 12 samples of human adrenal blood.In fact, these investigators (6) obtained from only one indi- vidual a substance, androstenolone, that could be classed as an efficient precursor of the urinary 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids.The scope of the in- vestigation widened when Baulieu (8) reported that in two instances, adrenal tumors secreted androstenolone sulfate but no free androstenolone.The purpose of this communication is to document and extend the findings of our preliminary re- ports (1, 2) and to show that the normal human adrenal consistently secretes androstenolone sulfate, androstenolone, and androstenedione.These three compounds appear to be the principal pre- cursors of the urinary 1 1-deoxy-17-ketosteroids.
Biphasic pattern of cell turnover characterizes the progression from fatty streaks to ruptured human atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: E. Lutgens, E. D. De Muinck, P. J. E. H. M. Kitslaar, J. H. M. Tordoir, H. J. J. Wellens, M. J. A. P. Daemen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: To study the amount and phenotype of DNA-synthesizing and apoptotic cells during atherogenesis. Methods: Atherosclerotic lesions (n=76), obtained at autopsy (N=6) or during vascular surgery (N=8), were classified [type I–VI; American Heart Association (AHA) classification], immunolabeled with MIB 1 or the TUNEL technique and double stained with cell-type-specific antibodies. Subsequently, the labeled fractions were quantified. Results: In type II–VI lesions, intimal DNA synthesis was increased compared to that of the non-diseased (ND) arterial wall. DNA synthesis peaked in early type II lesions (2.7±0.5 vs. 0.02±0.02% in ND; p<0.05), and declined to 0.7±0.2% in type V lesions (p<0.05). Interestingly, a second peak of DNA synthesis of 1.7±0.1%, was observed in type VI (ruptured plaque) lesions. Double staining revealed that DNA synthesis was mostly confined to the macrophage-derived foam cell (51.9%). In type II lesions, 100.0% of all DNA-synthesizing cells were present in the intimal foam cell-rich area, while in advanced type III, IV and V lesions, DNA synthesis had shifted to the shoulder region (74.8, 78.5 and 68.1%, respectively). In type VI lesions, DNA synthesis was present in the area underlying the plaque rupture (52.7%). Apoptosis was only elevated in advanced type IV, V and VI lesions (0.8±0.1, 0.8±0.1 and 1.1±0.1%, respectively, vs. 0.0±0.0% in ND) and was predominant in the lipid core (90.5% in type IV lesions; 54.2% in type V lesions) or equally divided between the lipid core and the region underlying the plaque rupture (31.8 and 34.6% in type VI lesions). In type III–VI lesions, 50.0, 38.9, 42.6 and 42.8% of the TUNEL-positive cells were macrophages. Conclusions: In stable atherosclerotic lesions, DNA synthesis is an early event, while apoptosis is a late event. Ruptured plaques show a second peak of cell turnover. Lastly, cell turnover is mostly confined to the macrophage-derived foam cell.
Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Stuart S. Howards
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This issue ofThe Journalincludes two reports of cohort studies by Giovannucci et al that find an association between vasectomy and subsequent risk of prostate cancer.<sup>1,2</sup>Both vasectomy and prostate cancer are common and any causal relationship between the two would be important both for individual and public health. Although the studies by Giovannucci et al are of high quality, whether the relationship they report on is causal remains unclear. The age-adjusted relative risks for prostate cancer among men with vasectomy in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study were 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.37) and 1.66 (95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 2.21), respectively. When risk estimates of this magnitude are derived from observational studies, they are considered to be weak associations that may be due to chance, bias, or a causal relationship.<sup>3</sup>It is our See also pp 873 and 878.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ADENOVIRUSES
Authors: Harold S. Ginsberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The strains of types 1 to 4 adenoviruses studied attained maximum combination with host cells, strain HeLa, in 5 to 6 hours. During this adsorption period approximately 75 per cent of the total virus became associated with the host cells. Following adsorption of virus to HeLa cells, these agents underwent cyclic multiplication periods similar to bacterial and other animal viruses. The latent or eclipse period of the multiplication cycle for types 1 and 2 viruses was 17 hours, whereas the types 3 and 4 agents had a latent period 14 to 15 hours in length. The rate of viral propagation during the incremental period was very similar for types 1, 2, and 4 viruses, but was slower for the type 3 agent. During the incremental period of viral propagation newly synthesized virus was not released into the fluid phase of the culture and even after 6 days of viral multiplication when marked cytopathic alterations of the infected HeLa cells had occurred, the spontaneous release was only 2 to 6 per cent of the total virus detectable.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 control of vascular tone
Authors: Ming Zhou, Roy L. Sutliff, Richard J. Paul, John N. Lorenz, James B. Hoying, Christian C. Haudenschild, Moying Yin, J. Douglas Coffin, Ling Kong, Evangelia G. Kranias, Wusheng Luo, Gregory P. Boivin, John J. Duffy, Sharon A. Pawlowski, Thomas Doetschman
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Doctors may decide that effects of a fetus's sex justify an abortion, says new BMA ethics guide
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Doctors risk prosecution for assisting a suicide if they merely provide information on suicide options to patients who are terminally ill or have a progressive disorder, suggests a new BMA guide to ethics and law.

The Crown Prosecution Service decided in 2010 that it would not be in the public interest to prosecute Libby Wilson, an 84 year old retired GP and co-founder of the pro-euthanasia group Friends at the End, for assisting a suicide after she gave information on how to commit suicide to a woman she had never met who had multiple sclerosis.

But Medical Ethics Today cautions that, despite the decision in Dr Wilson’s case, the mere provision of advice or literature on …
WHO ultimatum on artemisinin monotherapy is showing results
Authors: Christiane Rehwagen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The three month ultimatum to the pharmaceutical industry to stop selling the single dose form of the malaria drug artemisinin has started producing results, the World Health Organization has said. It announced last week that 13 out of 40 manufacturers of oral artemisinin monotherapies have agreed to comply with its recommendation to phase out the single drug oral treatment and to focus instead on artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs). The ultimatum was issued in January by Arata Kochi, director of the WHO Global Malaria Programme.

Artemisinin is about 90% effective in curing uncomplicated malaria and therefore in high …
Protein synthesis in muscle measured in vivo in cachectic patients with cancer.
Authors: P W Emery, R H Edwards, M J Rennie, R L Souhami, D Halliday
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Rates of synthesis of protein were measured in vivo in skeletal muscle and in the whole body of cachectic patients with cancer and in normal healthy men, using a tracer infusion of leucine labelled with a stable isotope. Synthesis of protein in muscle was significantly reduced in the patients with cancer (0.030 v 0.198%/hour; p less than 0.01), whereas whole body rates of protein synthesis and degradation did not differ significantly between the two groups. Thus depression of synthesis of protein in muscle appeared to be the immediate cause of muscle wasting in cancerous cachexia. Any therapeutic intervention that aims at preventing the onset of cachexia should be designed to stimulate the synthesis of protein in muscle, and measurement of turnover of protein may be used to evaluate such treatment provided that rates of protein synthesis are measured directly in specific tissues.
Elevated plasma endothelin-1 levels in sickle cell anemia: Relationships to oxygen saturation and left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Steven G. Werdehoff, R. Blaine Moore, Charles J. Hoff, Elizabeth Fillingim, Anne M. Hackman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Endothelin-1 (Et-1) is a vasoconstrictor produced by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in response to hypoxia, which induces hypertrophy in cultured cardiac myocytes. We measured plasma Et-1 levels and left ventricular dimensions in 13 patients with sickle cell anemia (SCD) and in 12 African-American controls ages 16-29 years. Endothelin-1 concentrations are significantly higher in SCD subjects than controls (10.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.3 pmol/L). There was a negative correlation between oxygen saturation and Et-1 levels in SCD patients (r = -0.71, P = 0.01). SCD subjects have more dilated and hypertrophied hearts corrected for body surface area than controls as evidenced by significant increases in left ventricular end diastolic dimension (31 +/- 0.8 vs. 24 +/- 0.9 mm/m2, P < 0.001), left ventricular end systolic dimension (20 +/- 0.9 vs. 16 +/- 0.8 mm/m2, P = 0.002), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (5.0 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.1 mm/m2, P < 0.001), and left ventricular mass (125 +/- 7.2 vs. 69 +/- 5.1 g/m2, P < 0.001). The index of left ventricular function, the shortening fraction, was not different between groups (34 +/- 1.2% in SCD vs. 35 +/- 1.5% in controls). The correlation between left ventricular mass and levels of Et-1 in SCD subjects was not significant (r = 0.47, P = 0.121).
Coagulopathy Caused by Vitamin K Deficiency in Critically III, Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Jack B. Alperin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A coagulopathy due to vitamin K deficiency was discovered in 42 hospitalized patients, most of whom had been misdiagnosed as having disseminated intravascular coagulation. Factors contributing to vitamin deficiency included inadequate diet, malabsorption, failure of physicians to prescribe vitamin K supplements, antibiotic therapy, renal insufficiency, hepatic dysfunction, recent major surgery, and possibly pregnancy. Sixteen patients (34%) bled sufficiently to need red blood cell transfusions and ten patients (24%) ultimately died. Of 18 patients who also had thrombocytopenia, three did have disseminated intravascular coagulation. The deficiency, a contributor to morbidity and mortality, can be prevented by prophylactic administration of vitamin K to severely ill patients who are eating inadequately and receiving antibiotics.
Accumulation of midazolam after repeated dosage in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit.
Authors: C M Byatt, L D Lewis, S Dawling, G M Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1984)

few days later he noticed an area of numbness and paraesthesia below the right rib cage.These symptoms were more pronounced at night.He was otherwise wvell, though four years previously he had undergone an operation for a left renal stone.He was taking lente insulin 35 units and soluble insulin 10 units 1
THE INFLUENCE OF COLLOIDS UPON THE DIFFUSION OF HÆMOLYSINS
Authors: Simon Flexner, Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1906)

Acids, alkalies, salts, glucosides, and certain toxins diffuse more quickly into 0.9 per cent. salt solution than into agar-agar and gelatin suspensions. The inhibitory effect of the colloids grows with increase in concentration, which increase affects both the velocity and extent of the diffusion. In the case of gelatin the degree of diffusion is approximately in inverse proportion to the square root of the concentration. Agar-agar in strengths up to 2 per cent. inhibits far less than gelatin in 10 per cent. suspensions; and the difference in degree of inhibition exercised by 0.5 per cent. and 2 per cent. agar-agar is a small one. Hæmolytic substances diffuse from gelatin into agar-agar more slowly than from saline into agar-agar. But the velocity of diffusion from agar-agar into gelatin is greater than from saline into gelatin. The effects of differences in concentration of the hæmolytic agent vary according to the agent and the manner of its solution. When the hæmolyser is dissolved in salt solution the diffusion of 1/100 N. and 1/1000 N. solutions (saponin) is almost identical; while with solanin the stronger solutions diffuse faster. When the hæmolyser is dissolved in the colloid diffusion into fluid media is nearly proportional to the concentrations of the hæmolytic agent. The velocity of diffusion into and from colloids is in general proportional to the square root of the time. Acids, alkalies, salts, and glucosides act in a manner which is in agreement with this rule. Cobra lysin and tetanolysin do not act in conformity with the rule. Cobra lysin appears to diffuse into colloids more slowly, proportionally, than cobra neurotoxin, and tetanospasmin more slowly than tetanolysin. The biological method described in this paper for studying diffusion in colloids is applicable to hæmolytic and some other toxic substances, and, with accuracy possibly only to such substances possessing relatively simple compositions. Since all diffusion in the living body takes place within colloidal media of different concentrations, it would seem desirable to perfect methods through which the interaction of toxic chemicals and the fluids and cells of the body may in a manner be imitated in vitro. Through this means our knowledge of toxicology may well be extended.
CLINICAL OBSERATIONS ON VAGINAL TOTAL EXTIRPATION OF THE UTERUS FOR CANCER.Abstract of a paper read at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: CHAS. A. L. REED
Journal: JAMA (1890)

In presenting this paper I desire to avoid all controversial questions as to the justifiability of vaginal extirpation of the uterus for cancer, but I shall proceed upon the presumption that, by a consensus of advanced professional opinion, it is looked upon as a fixed operation in surgical practice. It shall be my future purpose to discuss some clinical features of the cases requiring this operation, and to call attention to some features of technique. My observations are based upon an experience in eleven cases—nine recoveries and two deaths—but one of which can justly be called primary. The first case was operated upon Nov. 27, 1887, the last, April 28, 1890. There has been recurrence but in two cases; one that of a woman 48, who was operated upon Jan. 11, 1888, after six teen months' previous duration of the disease, had recurrence after twenty months; the other, that of
Werneth Low, Northern England
Authors: Donna Pucciani
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic heterogeneity in immunogenic epitopes of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protein in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C
Authors: F.X. Lopez-Labrador, M. Berenguer, A. Sempere, M. Prieto, R. Sirera, A. Gonzalez-Molina, V. Ortiz, M.L. Marty, J. Berenguer, M. Gobernado
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
The Role of Meta-analysis in the Regulatory Process for Foods, Drugs, and Devices
Authors: Jesse A. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Synthesis of research findings has a long-standing tradition in science. While synthesis is currently required in the US food and drug regulatory process, formal meta-analysis may substitute for a pivotal study or broaden the generalizability of drug efficacy through a preplanned meta-analysis. Preplanned meta-analysis of individual trials with deliberately introduced heterogeneity may maximize the generalizability of results from randomized trials. Combining observational data may help to support an alternative claim or to quantify adverse events. In this setting, methods to address potentially greater sources of bias are required. Overall, meta-analysis adds evidence through the synthesis study findings and permits examination of how treatment effects vary across of subgroups, such as age and sex, and across study settings.
Diffuse Bilateral Lung Uptake of TI-201 Chloride in CMV Pneumonitis
Authors: REMZI BAG, G ROSEMARY TAMBOURET, JEFF KEMPF, NOUMAN HABBAB, ASEEL SADIK, LARRY DIFABRIZIO, HUSSEIN M. ABDEL-DAYEM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Diffuse intense lung uptake of TI-201 chloride without abnormal Ga-67 citrate in a case of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in a patient with AIDS is presented. An autopsy performed within 4 days of imaging revealed no pulmonary pathology other than diffuse cytomegalovirus infection with abundant histiocytes and inclusion bodies and pulmonary congestive heart failure. Among the various mechanisms of TI-201 accumulation, active transport through Na-K ATPase appears to be predominant in this case, as suggested by innumerable histiocytes. It is the authors' experience that positive TI-201 uptake without abnormal Ga-67 accumulation is highly specific for pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma. The presence of such discrepancy between TI-201 and Ga-67 uptake in AIDS patients decreases the specificity of a TI-201 positive/Ga-67 negative lesion for pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma, especially with the rising incidence of both cytomegalovirus and Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS patients.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Saeed Ahmad
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —While the Review by Dr Baker and colleagues1was educational, I was surprised that they did not mention the role of low-dose amiodarone in severe heart failure. It has proven to be effective and reliable therapy, reducing mortality and hospital admission independently of the presence of complex ventricular arrhythmia.2  The SOLVD Investigators3say that there is a need for further treatments to reduce mortality in patients with heart failure, by action on more than one mechanism of death. Recent studies2,4,5show that the decrease in mortality obtained is greater than would be expected from amiodarone from only an antiarrhythmic effect, and the beneficial effects of amiodarone on mortality and cardiac function are in addition to those that may have accrued from full conventional treatment.2,4,5
A Study of Angiotensin II Pressor Response throughout Primigravid Pregnancy
Authors: Norman F. Gant, Gilroy L. Daley, Santosh Chand, Peggy J. Whalley, Paul C. MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The present study was designed to ascertain sequentially the pressor response to angiotensin II in young primigravid patients throughout pregnancy in order a) to define when in pregnancy resistance to the pressor effects of angiotensin II develops; b) to define the physiologic sequence of events leading to this resistance; and c) to ascertain whether sensitivity to infused angiotensin II could be detected before the onset of clinical signs of pregnancy-induced hypertension. With this prospective approach, two separate groups of patients were defined. The first group of patients remained normal throughout pregnancy. The second group consisted of those patients who, while clinically normotensive during the initial phase of the study, ultimately developed hypertension of pregnancy.192 patients were studied; of these, 120 patients remained normotensive and 72 developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. In both groups, vascular resistance to infused angiotensin II (more than 8 ng/kg/min required to elicit a pressor response of 20 mm Hg in diastolic pressure) was demonstrated as early as the 10th wk of pregnancy. In the group that remained normotensive, maximum mean vascular resistance occurred at 18-30 wk of pregnancy, (mean pressor dose required being 13.5 to 14.9 ng/kg/min). In those subjects who developed pregnancy-induced hypertension, the mean maximum dose required was 12.9 ng/kg/min, which was observed at the 18th wk of pregnancy. By the 22nd wk there was a clear separation of the two groups, with the mean dose requirement of the subjects destined to develop hypertension being progressively less than that of those who remained normal. The difference between the two groups became significant (P < 0.01) by 23-26 wk of pregnancy. Among patients requiring more than 8 ng/kg/min on one or more tests done between wk 28-32, 91% remained normotensive. Conversely, during the same time period among patients requiring less than 8 ng/kg/min, on at least one occasion, 90% developed pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Human leukocyte interferon‐mediated granulopoietic differentiation arrest and its abrogation by lithium carbonate
Authors: Dharmvir S. Verma, Gary Spitzer, Jordan U. Gutterman, Miloslav Beran, Axel R. Zander, Kenneth B. McCredie
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Interferon has been shown to inhibit erythropoietic and granulopoietic differentiation. Since lithium carbonate (Li) elevates granulocyte levels in a variety of neutropenic disorders, we investigated the effect of Li on human leukocyte interferon (HLIF)‐mediated inhibition of granulopoietic differentiation. Using an agar culture technique for cloning granulocyte‐macrophage progenitor cells (GM‐CFC), we demonstrated that Li blocks HLIF‐induced granulopoietic differentiation arrest in a dose‐dependent manner. Results of removal of T lymphocytes from marrow cells suggest that this Li effect is not mediated through marrow T lymphocytes.