tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epilepsy and Related Diseases. Two Volumes
Authors: J. A. Whieldon
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This 2-volume treatise by the Drs. Lennox, a father-and-daughter team, is a significant addition to the growing list of works on epilepsy. The senior author has for the past 20 years been the "dean" of epileptologists. The accuracy, detail, and insight of the clinical observations made in this work give it lasting significance that transcends the period of its authorship. The clinical material presented has been true for all time and it is likely that this work will gain some veneration and may eventually be one of the classic descriptions of disease. The detailed account of what has been observed and the subsequent reflections of the authors on the clinical significance of these observations, make this work a valuable reference. There is no element of the seizure that is not discussed in detail—nor is there any facet of the problem of seizure-proneness that is not considered. Each type of seizure
Acute hypertension activates mitogen-activated protein kinases in arterial wall.
Authors: Q Xu, Y Liu, M Gorospe, R Udelsman, N J Holbrook
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are rapidly activated in cells stimulated with various extracellular signals by dual phosphorylation of tyrosine and threonine residues. They are thought to play a pivotal role in transmitting transmembrane signals required for cell growth and differentiation. Herein we provide evidence that two distinct classes of MAP kinases, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), are transiently activated in rat arteries (aorta, carotid and femoral arteries) in response to an acute elevation in blood pressure induced by either restraint or administration of hypertensive agents (i.e., phenylephrine and angiotensin II). Kinase activation is followed by an increase in c-fos and c-jun gene expression and enhanced activating protein 1 (AP-1) DNA-binding activity. Activation of ERK and JNK could contribute to smooth muscle cell hypertrophy/hyperplasia during arterial remodeling due to frequent and/or persistent elevations in blood pressure.
Long-term outcome of superficial femoral artery stenting using self-expandable nitinol stents compared to stainless steel stents: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Bibi Fatemeh Hayerizadeh, Thomas Zeller, Hans Krankenberg, Dierk Scheinert, Aljosha Rastan, Sven Bräunlich, Andrej Schmidt, Sylvio Geier, Susanne Ropers, Giancarlo Biamino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
86 ABSENCE OF PROTECTION IN INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO HEPATITIS C VIRUS DEMONSTRATES DISCRETE GENETIC PATHWAYS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST CHRONIC HCV INFECTION
Authors: S. Knapp, K.M. Ho, U. Warshow, D. Heqazy, A.-M. Little, G. Alexander, M. Thursz, M.E. Cramp, S.I. Khakoo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cancer expert doubts claims about prostate cancer trial
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A leading clinical oncologist has raised questions about claims that a new drug could treat as many as 80% of men diagnosed as having the most aggressive and previously drug resistant form of prostate cancer.

The results of the phase I clinical trial by the Institute of Cancer Research and the Royal Marsden Hospital, showed significant tumour shrinkage and big falls in prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in most of the 21 men with advanced prostate cancer who received the drug abiraterone acetate ( Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 Jul 21; doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9749).

But Nick James, professor of clinical oncology at Birmingham University, said that it was far …
Genes for susceptibility to mental disorder are not mental disorder: Clarifying the target of evolutionary analysis and the role of the environment
Authors: Nicholas B. Allen, Paul B. T. Badcock
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

In this commentary, we critique the appropriate behavioural features for evolutionary genetic analysis, the role of the environment, and the viability of a general evolutionary genetic model for all common mental disorders. In light of these issues, we suggest that the authors may have prematurely discounted the role of some of the mechanisms they review, particularly balancing selection.
Salmon Calcitonin in the Treatment of Paget Disease
Authors: Ralph S. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1975)

At long last, calcitonin (Calcimar, Armour Pharmaceutical Co.) is about to become available in this country for the treatment of Paget disease of bone. Since its discovery just 17 years ago, calcitonin has been the subject of intense investigation in many laboratories in this and other countries. As its fundamental physiologic properties began to be understood, its potential for use as a pharmacologic agent was appreciated. Wide-ranging studies have disclosed its undisputed value in the therapy of Paget disease, while its use in other disorders is still under examination. Previous studies of the use of calcitonin alone in postmenopausal osteoporosis have shown it to be of no therapeutic value, apparently because of the induction of mild secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, ongoing studies with other drugs in combination with calcitonin may prove more successful. Similarly, studies of the value of calcitonin in the treatment of hypercalcemia have not been consistently successful, suggesting
A6-04: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) A, C, D and receptors (VEGFRs) 1, 2 and 3, in both tumor cells and tumor stroma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): correlation with lymph node metastasis
Authors: Tom Donnem, Khalid Al-Shibli, Samer Al-Saad, Marit P. Delghandi, Lill-Tove Busund, Roy Bremnes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Increased Bishydroxycoumarin Requirements in Patients Receiving Phenobarbital
Authors: J. E. Goss, Donald W. Digkhaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

SEVERAL drugs1 2 3 4 5 have recently been shown to increase the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver microsomes. Phenobarbital is particularly able to stimulate an increase in the synthesis of a variety of drug-metabolizing enzymes. The activity of liver microsomal enzymes that metabolize diphenylhydantoin,6 griseofulvin,7 zoxazolamine,8 strychnine9 and coumarins10 has been shown to be increased by phenobarbital.The effect of barbiturates on the activity of coumarins has been reported in animals, and in single-dose acute experiments in man.10 A single patient, receiving bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) over a prolonged period, has been reported to have had a substantial decrease in plasma anticoagulant level . . .
Increased intestinal vitamin D receptor in genetic hypercalciuric rats. A cause of intestinal calcium hyperabsorption.
Authors: X Q Li, V Tembe, G M Horwitz, D A Bushinsky, M J Favus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

In humans, familial or idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a common cause of hypercalciuria and predisposes to calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Intestinal calcium hyperabsorption is a constant feature of IH and may be due to either a vitamin D-independent process in the intestine, a primary overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], or a defect in renal tubular calcium reabsorption. Selective breeding of spontaneously hypercalciuric male and female Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in offspring with hypercalciuria, increased intestinal calcium absorption, and normal serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels. The role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the regulation of intestinal calcium absorption was explored in 10th generation male genetic IH rats and normocalciuric controls. Urine calcium excretion was greater in IH rats than controls (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.2 mg/24 h, P < 0.001). IH rat intestine contained twice the abundance of VDR compared with normocalciuric controls (536 +/- 73 vs. 243 +/- 42 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.001), with no difference in the affinity of the receptor for its ligand. Comparable migration of IH and normal intestinal VDR on Western blots and of intestinal VDR mRNA by Northern analysis suggests that the VDR in IH rat intestine is not due to large deletion or addition mutations of the wild-type VDR. IH rat intestine contained greater concentrations of vitamin D-dependent calbindin 9-kD protein. The present studies strongly suggest that increased intestinal VDR number and normal levels of circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 result in increased functional VDR-1,25(OH)2D3 complexes, which exert biological actions in enterocytes to increase intestinal calcium transport. Intestinal calcium hyperabsorption in the IH rat may be the first example of a genetic disorder resulting from a pathologic increase in VDR.
A Physician Reflects–-Herman Boerhaave and other Essays
Authors: Adrian Marston
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

As doctors grow older and shed clinical responsibility, they become uneasily aware that the craft that they once practised is no longer relevant to the health problems of today. Perhaps the most satisfying way of demonstrating that the volcano is not extinct is to attempt an expertise in medical history. This tends to provoke a confrontation with the historians, who are skilled in analysing data but know little about medicine. Each side regards the other as a bunch of amateurs. The dual credentials of Sir Christopher Booth, however, are impeccable. As a physician, he has fulfilled numerous impressive chairmanships and presidencies, and his professional interest in medical history goes back nearly fifty years to when he was a young medical registrar.

A Physician Reflects offers a collection of lectures and essays given over many years. The central theme is the transformation of British medicine from an art to a science, as illustrated by the superbly scholarly essay on Boerhaave, which is the best thing in the book—although Chapter 8, ‘From Art to Science’ is perhaps the one of which the author is most proud. Likewise, the pieces on the Fothergills (1980) and Samuel Gee (1993) are illuminating additions to medical history. On more recent events, Booth is on less sure ground. The chapter on ‘Gastroenterology in Britain, a Study of a Specialty’, which is largely a description of forgotten heroes of the 1970s, is of little general interest and would be best left undisturbed in the archives of some learned society. ‘The Royal College of Physicians Enters the Modern World Or “The Gold-Headed Cane”’ represents a valiant attempt to credit the denizens of Regent’s Park with the discovery of the cause of lung cancer, and will cause much innocent merriment among surgeons and others. Readers may also be troubled by his lapses into banality—for instance, ‘Medical journalism has been of vital importance for the international diffusion of knowledge and new ideas’ (p. 69), ‘Throughout the centuries, physicians have carefully studied the illnesses that they encountered’ (p. 100), ‘Computers have entered the clinic providing a useful adjunct to diagnosis’ (p. 143). But, there is much to enjoy here, not least the account of a professorship to tour Australia and New Zealand, described with elegance and vigour.

Booth concludes: ‘Whatever the Jeremiads may say, there is little doubt that the pace of advance in medical science and technology will continue to accelerate’. Well, maybe. But first-world research has focused more and more on the expensive illnesses of affluent people, and isn’t it possible that, in the face of the huge political changes that threaten our ‘western civilization’, the poorer but more populous parts of the world will refuse to continue bankrolling these inequalities, and, using simple communication techniques that they have learned from us, will overturn the entire system? It’s worth a thought.
240. Hemiparkisonism Induced through Unilateral Expression of Adenovirus-Mediated Clostridial Light Chain Gene in the Substantia Nigra
Authors: Jun Yang, Qingshan Teng, Mary E. Garrity-Moses, Thais Federici, John Butler, Shearwood McClelland, Nicholas M. Boulis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Background: Clostridial light chain (LC) inhibits synaptic transmission by digesting a vesicle-docking protein, synaptobrevin, without altering neuronal health. We have previously reported focal synaptic inhibition through adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of LC (AdLC) in the central nervous system. We report here the feasibility of creating reversible rat hemiparkinsonism (HPD) model through AdLC injection into the substantia nigra (SN).
Standardized or Unstandardized Stress?-Reply
Authors: ISADORE Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (1964)

It is to be emphasized that my recommendations, quoted above, refer specifically to crippled subjects who<i>cannot</i>manage the "two-step" test, and in whose case one is obliged to record an electrocardiogram during or after such stress as<i>can</i>be performed. My statement was not meant to endorse essentially randomized or unstandardized forms of stress, which, in my opinion, have not been nearly as rewarding diagnostically as the standardized Master "two-step" test. It is often very difficult to prescribe an amount of exercise "individualized and adjusted to the patient's condition." In the doctor's office, how would one tailor exercise for a patient who complains of chest pain only after sexual intercourse, or only for a short period in the early morning, or only under very special circumstances such as straining at stool? Patients rarely seek medical advice because of experiencing chest pain after doing knee bends! In my opinion, the
Fighting for justice
Authors: Samena Chaudhry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Despite an amendment to the Race Relations Act in 2000, which sought to make race relations a priority, the NHS still has a long way to go. Trevor Phillips, chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality, addresses the BMA

Last year the BMA took a battering on the issue of racial discrimination. The association was accused of institutional racism by one of its senior members; had to pay out almost £1m ($1.9m; €1.4m) in damages, costs, and interest to one Indian doctor; and was forced to settle another five race discrimination cases for an additional £130 000 ( BMJ 2004;329: 161-3

Since the events that led to the biggest case, the BMA has changed the way in which it offers advice to its members on racial discrimination and is working hard to increase awareness about race issues. To that end, Trevor Phillips, chairman of the Commission for Racial Equality, was invited to speak to the BMA council in December. After the meeting, the 51 year old former television presenter spoke to small groups of doctors about the problems the commission was facing.

Phillips said that complaints from doctors made up one of the largest categories of protests that the commission received. And certain grievances recurred with striking frequency—bullying, lack of access to appropriate training, barriers to …
Colony-stimulating factor-1 induces cytoskeletal reorganization and c-src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of selected cellular proteins in rodent osteoclasts.
Authors: K L Insogna, M Sahni, A B Grey, S Tanaka, W C Horne, L Neff, M Mitnick, J B Levy, R Baron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) stimulates motility and cytoplasmic spreading in mature osteoclasts. Therefore, we examined the cellular events and intracellular signaling pathways that accompany CSF-1-induced spreading in normal osteoclasts. To explore the role c-src plays in these processes, we also studied osteoclasts prepared from animals with targeted disruption of the src gene. In normal osteoclasts, CSF-1 treatment induces rapid cytoplasmic spreading, with redistribution of F-actin from a well-delineated central attachment ring to the periphery of the cell. CSF-1 increases membrane phosphotyrosine staining in osteoclasts and induces the phosphorylation of several cellular proteins in cultured, osteoclast-like cells, including c-fms, c-src, and an 85-kD Grb2-binding protein. Src kinase activity is increased threefold after CSF-1 treatment. In src- cells, no attachment ring is present, and CSF-1 fails to induce spreading or a change in the pattern of F-actin distribution. Although c-fms becomes phosphorylated after CSF-1 treatment, the 85-kD protein is significantly less phosphorylated in src- osteoclast-like cells. These results indicate that c-src is critical for the normal cytoskeletal architecture of the osteoclast, and, in its absence, the spreading response induced by CSF-1 is abrogated, and downstream signaling from c-fms is altered.
Observations on the in vivo reaction of antinuclear antibodies with epidermal cells
Authors: G.T. IZUNO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In evaluating the normal skin of five patients with mixed connective tissue disease, four patients were noted to have both basement membrane zone and speckled epidermal nuclear immunofluorescence. The positive epidermal nuclear reaction was found to be associated with IgG, and no evidence of complement involvement was seen. In vitro testing demonstrated that normal control skin incubated with high-titred antisera to nuclear ribonucleoprotein reporduced the findings observed in direct staining, but incubation with high-titred antisera to other nuclear antigens such as Sm and single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid did not cause positive epidermal nuclear staining. The association of antibodies to ribonucleoprotein and speckled epidermal nuclear immunofluorescence is discussed. Also considered is the possibility of other factors affecting nuclear membrane permeability.
Hypokalemia Caused by Surreptitious Self-Administration of Diuretics
Authors: FRED H. KATZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A normotensive woman who had already undergone bilateral renal arteriography and renal vein catheterization for differential renin production was studied for her continuing hypokalemia. On the fourth day of a metabolic balance regimen she had a sudden diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis. Urine analysis showed that she had surreptitiously taken at least 20 furosemide tablets, obtained from her employer, a pharmaceutical wholesaler. Psychiatric evaluation indicated underlying depression. A second patient, who was a nurse with a long-standing history of hypokalemia, had chlorthalidone, which she denied taking, detected in her urine. Another depressed woman with hypokalemia had furosemide in her urine more than 2 months after supposedly taking her last dose. Possible self-intoxication with diuretics to attain a slim figure should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obscure hypokalemia.
Early Nonejection Systolic Clicks: A Variant of the Auscultatory Electrocardiographic Syndrome.
Authors: Mark I. Feldman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Early Nonejection Systolic Clicks: A Variant of the Auscultatory Electrocardiographic Syndrome.Mark I. Feldman, M.D., Galal El-Said, M.D., Efrain Garcia, M.D., F.A.C.P., Robert J. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Mark I. Feldman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Galal El-Said, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Efrain Garcia, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Robert J. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-863_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSeventeen patients, 16 women and 1 man, 24 to 66 years old, had early nonejection systolic clicks and presented some features similar to those seen in patients with a mid-late systolic click. All patients were studied by complete clinical evaluation, phonocardiography, coronary cineangiography, and left ventriculography; 14 by exercise electrocardiography, and four had apex cardiograms. Presenting symptoms were chest pain in 16, palpitations in nine, and effort intolerance in five. All had early systolic clicks, and eight had apical systolic murmurs starting after the click. In the phonocardiographs the clicks were of low frequency, 40 to 100 msec from S1,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark I. Feldman, M.D.; Galal El-Said, M.D.; Efrain Garcia, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Robert J. Hall, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Houston, Tex. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe systolic click-murmur syndrome: Clinical recognition and managementMitral valve prolapse-click syndrome 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 863-863KeywordsElectrocardiographyExerciseIschemiaSystolic ejection murmur ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Opsonin-independent ligation of Fc gamma receptors. The 3G8-bearing receptors on neutrophils mediate the phagocytosis of concanavalin A-treated erythrocytes and nonopsonized Escherichia coli.
Authors: J E Salmon, S Kapur, R P Kimberly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We report that phagocytosis by human neutrophils of Con A-treated erythrocytes (E-Con A) and nonopsonized Escherichia coli with mannose-binding adhesions is mediated by the Fc gamma receptor bearing the 3G8 epitope. Modulation of Fc receptors by pretreating with aggregated-IgG or with 3G8 anti-Fc gamma receptor mAb markedly inhibited internalization of E-Con A and E. coli without altering their cell surface attachment. Phagocytosis of these probes was specifically blocked by alpha-methylmannoside and D-mannose and not by other monosaccharides. Thus, recognition of E-Con A and E. coli by the Fc receptor is dependent upon the mannose-specific interaction with lectin or lectin-like adhesions. These data demonstrate that ligands other than the classical IgG opsonins can bind to classical immune receptors for IgG through lectin-carbohydrate interactions.
A Cuffed Tube for the Treatment of Oesophago-bronchial Fistulae
Authors: G. Lux, D. Wilson, J. Wilson, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

An oesophageal tube provided with a foam-rubber cuff is described. The outside diameter of the cuff can be diminished while the tube is being introduced. After implantation, the expanded foam-rubber cuff achieves additional sealing of the oesophago-bronchial fistula. The tube described is suitable for sealing off oesophago-bronchial fistulae in the absence of the tumour-induced stenosis of the oesophagus.
Nonmammographic Screening for Breast Cancer—Reply
Authors: Christiane K. Kuhl
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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DOES ANYTHING WORK FOR THE HIGHLY SENSITIZED PATIENTS AWAITING HEART TRANSPLANT?
Authors: Brandon Kai, Nancy Reinsmoen, Zhe Yu, Frank Liou, Jamie Yabuno, Jignesh Patel, Michelle Kittleson, Michele Hamilton, David Chang, Lawrence Czer, Jon Kobashigawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)