tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Personalized cardiovascular medicine: concepts and methodological considerations
Authors: Henry Völzke, Carsten O. Schmidt, Sebastian E. Baumeister, Till Ittermann, Glenn Fung, Janina Krafczyk-Korth, Wolfgang Hoffmann, Matthias Schwab, Henriette E. Meyer zu Schwabedissen, Marcus Dörr, Stephan B. Felix, Wolfgang Lieb, Heyo K. Kroemer
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2013)
Identification of the human NHE-1 form of Na(+)-H+ exchanger in rabbit renal brush border membranes.
Authors: E J Weinman, D Steplock, D Corry, S Shenolikar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

To study the relation between the human Na(+)-H+ exchanger (NHE-1) and the renal brush border membrane (BBM) Na(+)-H+ exchanger, polyclonal antibodies to synthetic peptides representing a putative external (Ab-E) and an internal cytosolic domain (Ab-I) of human NHE-1 were generated in rabbits. Western immunoblot analyses indicated that both antibodies recognized a 97-kD protein in rabbit renal BBM but not basolateral membranes (BLM). Octyl glucoside-extracted rabbit renal BBM proteins also contained the 97-kD polypeptide as did a fraction eluted from an anion-exchange column with 0.2 M NaCl (fraction A). A fraction eluting between 0.2 and 0.4 M NaCl (fraction B) did not contain this protein. Prior reconstitution studies have indicated that Na(+)-H+ exchange activity is higher significantly in fraction B than fraction A. Administration of NH4Cl for 3-7 d to rabbits, a stimulus known to increase renal BBM Na(+)-H+ exchange activity, did not result in a change in expression of the 97-kD protein in either renal BBM or BLM. The results indicate that affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to two separate domains of the human Na(+)-H+ exchanger recognize a 97-kD protein in rabbit renal BBM but not BLM. The dissociation between recognition of the 97-kD protein using antibodies and the majority of functional Na(+)-H+ exchange activity after chromatographic fractionation of solubilized BBM proteins and in native BBM after administration of NH4Cl suggest that rabbit renal BBM contains more than one form of Na(+)-H+ exchanger.
Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias
Authors: M. R ROSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Controversy on reperfusion arrhythmias Get access MICHAEL R ROSEN MICHAEL R ROSEN Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York. USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Page 2082, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.2082 Published: 01 November 1993
705 CHARACTERISTICS OF TREATMENT NAIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS WITH YMDD MUTANTS AS DETECTED BY MULTIPLEX-PCR USING DUAL PRIMING OLIGONUCLEOTIDE (DPO)
Authors: J.Y. Park, S.G. Kim, J.Y. Jang, Y.S. Kim, H.S. Kim, S.J. Kim, B.S. Kim, S.H. Kim, H.Y. Lee, Y.W. Kang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cytotoxic Chemotherapy and Gonadal Function in Patients With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Simon B. Sutcliffe
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Castration commonly appears to be the price of "cure" in patients treated with chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Awareness and anticipation by the physician, with appropriate counseling of the patient on the profound psychological and emotional changes occasioned by chemotherapeutic treatment, may provide benefit both in terms of acceptance of therapy and in adjustment of changes in interpersonal relationships. From this point, attention should be directed to (1) replacement of evident hormonal deficiency, (2) artificial preservation of viable germ cells, and (3) means of avoidance of germ cell damage by chemotherapy. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1898-1899, 1979)
Giant cell arteritis
Authors: N. Hassan, B. Dasgupta, K. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Case scenario

A previously fit and well 72 year old man presented to his general practitioner after several months of malaise and weight loss. When asked about any pain, he pointed to his left scalp as being painful. Examination was normal except that his left temporal artery was not palpable. Suspecting giant cell arteritis, the GP started 40 mg prednisolone and requested an erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which was 86 mm/h. The symptoms largely disappeared in 48 hours. She also referred the patient for a temporal artery biopsy, which showed giant cell arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis affects large and medium sized arteries, often branches of the external carotid artery but also the ciliary and retinal arteries. The symptoms are caused by local ischaemia due to endovascular damage and cytokine mediated systemic illness. There is considerable overlap with polymyalgia rheumatica: 16-21% of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica have giant cell arteritis on temporal artery biopsy, and symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica are present in 40-60% of patients with giant cell arteritis.1

#### How common is it?

A systematic review analysed the presenting clinical features in a mixture of studies with a total of 1435 cases of giant cell arteritis.3 The sensitivity of individual clinical features was relatively …
Ritalin may influence serotonin balance in hyperactive children
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1999)

American scientists have discovered how methylphenidate (Ritalin), which is often given to calm children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), works in an animal model of the condition. Their work may solve the riddle of why psychostimulants are useful in treating ADHD.

Methylphenidate is often prescribed to children who engage in hyperactive behaviour as part of ADHD. The drug seems to reduce hyperactivity in these children and improve their cognitive …
Vascular actions of brain natriuretic peptide: modulation by atherosclerosis and neutral endopeptidase inhibition
Authors: John A Schirger, J.Aaron Grantham, Iftikhar J Kullo, Michihisa Jougasaki, Paul W Wennberg, Horng H Chen, Ondrej Lisy, Virginia Miller, Robert D Simari, John C Burnett
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy in Men Older than 70 Years of Age with Localized Prostate Cancer: Comparison of Morbidity, Reconvalescence, and Short-Term Clinical Outcomes between Younger and Older Men
Authors: Vassilis Poulakis, Ulrich Witzsch, Rachelle de Vries, Wolfgang Dillenburg, Eduard Becht
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Effects of changes in airway pressure on the left ventricle and left atrium of dogs
Authors: C. KATZENBERG, M. OLAJOS, E. MORKIN, S. GOLDMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The effects of negative and positive airway pressure were examined in eight closed chest, chronically instrumented dogs to determine beat to beat changes in left ventricular pressure, left ventricular dP/dt, left ventricular dimensions, left atrial dimensions, and oesophageal pressure. As an index of afterload, systolic transmural pressure was calculated by subtracting oesophageal pressure from left ventricular pressure. With each change in airway pressure left ventricular end systolic minor axis diameter and left ventricular end diastolic minor axis diameter increased significantly. Left atrial end diastolic dimension increased significantly with negative airway pressure and did not change with positive airway pressure. Left ventricular dP/dt and left ventricular fractional shortening did not change. With the Mueller manoeuvre left ventricular systolic pressure decreased significantly from 106.0(4.2) mm Hg to 100.9(4.2) mm Hg and systolic transmural pressure increased significantly from 105.1(4.6) mm Hg to 110.4(4.3) mm Hg. With a transient increase in positive airway pressure of 30 mm Hg (4.0 kPa), left ventricular pressure increased significantly from 106.9(4.8) mm Hg to 113.9(5.9) mm Hg and systolic transmural pressure decreased significantly from 106.6(4.9) mm Hg to 99.8(4.6) mm Hg. The addition of positive end expiratory pressure of 10 cm H2O (0.98 kPa) or autonomic blockade with atropine and propranolol did not alter these results. Thus manoeuvres which cause opposite effects on systolic transmural pressure produce similar increases in left heart dimensions, suggesting that increases in pulmonary venous return and not changes in afterload may be the important determinants of left ventricular dimensional changes during changes in airway pressure.
Amyloidosis of the Aorta
Authors: H. EDWARD MACMAHON, ROGER COTÉ
Journal: Circulation (1957)

A review of the literature would suggest that amyloid deposition into the intima of the aorta is an unusual finding. An opportunity to study this condition in a patient with primary amyloidosis is the basis for this report. The suggestion is made that factors responsible for this may involve mechanisms similar to those that participate in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Survival after renal transplantation in man: an interim report on 54 consecutive transplants.
Authors: R. Y. Calne, D. B. Evans, B. M. Herbertson, V. Joysey, R. McMillan, R. R. Maginn, P. R. Millard, J. R. Pena, J. R. Salaman, H. J. White, J. F. Withycombe
Journal: BMJ (1968)
Effect of Gastric Intubation on the Normal Mechanisms Preventing Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Richard Nagler, Alfred W. Wolfson, Robert M. Lowman, Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

PROLONGED intubation of the stomach has been implicated as a cause of peptic esophagitis, but the mechanism by which this might take place has not been established. An association between gastroesophageal reflux and peptic esophagitis is recognized, but the effect of intubation on the integrity of the normal barriers to reflux has not been objectively demonstrated. This paper reports a study to determine whether gastroesophageal reflex occurs when there is a Levin tube in the stomach.MethodObservations were made on 20 patients who were undergoing radiologic examination of the esophagus and stomach. None of these had evidence of gastroesophageal . . .
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after the honeymoon: review of experience in Newcastle 1979-84.
Authors: A Heaton, R S Rodger, L Sellars, T H Goodship, K Fletcher, N Nikolakakis, M K Ward, R Wilkinson, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Two hundred and twenty nine consecutive patients (129 men, mean age 45) were reviewed 12 to 65 months after starting treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) from January 1979 to December 1983. They received CAPD for a mean of 19.8 (range 0.5-62) months. Actuarial patient survival was 79% at 24 months and 72% at 36 months. Half of the 46 deaths were related to cardiovascular disease, while eight patients died of abdominal complications, including three patients with peritonitis. Peritonitis occurred at a rate of one episode per 35 patient weeks, and 88% of episodes were cleared by one or more courses of antibiotics. This still left peritonitis as the commonest cause of failure of CAPD, leading to a permanent change of treatment in 44 patients and temporary interruption in a further 25. CAPD remains a reasonable medium term treatment in chronic renal failure. Despite the persisting problem of peritonitis the results are comparable with those achieved by haemodialysis, and CAPD has become the treatment of first choice for end stage renal failure in Newcastle. In younger patients judged unsuitable for transplantation and facing long term dialysis, however, haemodialysis is preferred.
[509] WHICH PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B ARE TREATED AND HOW: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN FRANCE ON 1790 PATIENTS
Authors: P. Marcellin, J.F. Cadranel, T. Fontanges, T. Poynard, S. Pol, C. Trepo, P. Blin, B. Bregman, P. Mariot, F. Roudot-Thoraval, J.P. Zarski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
THE MICROSCOPE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SCARLET FEVER.
Authors: W. K. JAQUES
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Since Dr. W. J. Class1called the attention of the medical profession to the causative germ of scarlet fever, I have been in a position to learn the value of the microscope in the early diagnosis of this disease.  In the year 1894 there was established at my residence by the Chicago Health Department a sub-laboratory for the examination of cultures from anginas. It was at first only intended to assist in the diagnosis of diphtheria, but it was soon found that the culture gave more or less valuable evidence in almost every disease which attacks the respiratory tract. In differentiating influenza from other inflammations it is invaluable. The extensive use of the culture has demonstrated to me that the term pneumonia is a general one, and that there are several germs that are capable of causing a pneumonic condition in the lung tissue.  The term pneumonia is as
Public Health Department.
Authors: M. S. Quay
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Wissinoming, Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 1, 1892.  Hon. M. S. Quay, United States Senator:  My Dear Sir.  —Permit me, as a member of the American Medical Association, to invite your special attention to the Bill introduced by Senator Sherman, providing for a National Bureau of Health, and the appointment of a Cabinet Secretary of State Medicine.  The importance of the measure can hardly be overestimated. You know what vaccination has done towards protection against small-pox (even for your own constituents in Philadelphia), and what quarantine does in protecting us against yellow fever and similar invasions. Now, sir, our profession, and especially members of the American Medical Association, stand prepared to prove that the dreadful disease, diphtheria, and many similarly destructive pestilences, only exist in our midst because concerted action, properly directed, cannot be enforced . With the appointment of a National Secretary, we could be assured of useful application of all the
Taxation without Representation: On the Health Bureaucracy and Black People
Authors: Therman E. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Recently, I was participating in the deliberations of a health-services research advisory panel that had as its charge "to review and decide whether or not to fund submitted proposals on various aspects of health care for the disadvantaged." Some of the deliberations typified not only the entire meeting but also the bureaucratic plight of black Americans on health matters. My notes at the meeting illustrate further:They are sitting here actually trying to write this grant for them (an established, private eastern predominantly white university with researchers who know the members of this committee by personal affiliation, name, reputation and . . .
ACUTE METABOLIC ALKALOSIS: ITS EFFECT ON POTASSIUM AND ACID EXCRETION 1
Authors: Malcolm A. Holliday, Arlene Lukenbill, Charles Hancock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

Potassium secretion was first described in 1949 (1, 2) in response to large infusions of potassium chloride.Later, Berliner, Kennedy, and Orloff (3) demonstrated an inverse relationship between potassium excretion and acid excretion defined as the sum of ammonia and titratable acid.More recently, Berliner (4) suggested that hydrogen secretion effects the reabsorption of sodium, and the latter would serve as an approximate defini- tion of acid excretion.The present study is a report of the urinary excretion of electrolyte in response to metabolic alkalosis induced by the removal of chloride.This circumstance is known to lead to potassium defi- ciency (5) and presumably potassium excretion.By providing various loads of electrolyte subse- quent to the induction of alkalosis, the relation of ammonia and titratable acid excretion to potas- sium excretion was observed under a variety of circumstances which had in common an increased excretion of potassium. METHODSMale albino rats weighing 275 to 325 gm. were used in the experiment.In order to obtain urine excretion values for sodium, potassium, and chloride which would be minimally affected.byfood intake, a diet deficient in these ions and also low in phosphate was used.2The ex- periments were run for a total of six days.1 The work was conducted under a grant from the James Whitcomb Riley Memorial Association. 2 The composition of the low electrolyte diet was as follows: Casein 21 per cent Dextrin 40 per cent Corn Oil 20 per cent Urea 4 per cent Sucrose 15 per cent Salt Mixture 1.6 per cent CaCO,-1.0 per cent Choline-.1 per cent FeSO4-.08 per cent ZnSO4-trace MgSO47H20-.45 per cent CuSO4-trace
Ethical Issues in Human Genetics: Genetic Counseling and the Use of Genetic Knowledge
Authors: John Bruce Moore
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The important issues of ethics pervade these proceedings: What value privacy? Under what circumstances deceive the trusting? Who, among us, is not to count as one of us? Who, and by what authority, ought to determine another's good, another's "acceptable" risks? What is the good (enough) life? Scholars from many disciplines and several nations discuss whether "to introduce the hand of man in the fundamental process of evolution itself," or "how we can manage both to live humanely with genetic disease and yet to conquer it at the same time," or "whether the fetus is in fact a third party whose interests might warrant legal or other intervention in private medical decisions," but the grand questions remain the crucial ones. Some errors, as the expectancy theory of rights, are exposed. Utilitarianism is both accepted and questioned. Some profound issues are posed, then sloughed, eg, the "interchangeability" of individuals presupposed by
Exocrine pancreatic enzyme and calcium secretion in health and pancreatitis.
Authors: J E Clain, G O Barbezat, I N Marks
Journal: Gut (1981)

Calcium, enzyme, and total protein secretion were measured in secretin stimulated pancreatic juice in health, "early" chronic pancreatitis, and in chronic calcific pancreatitis. Increased concentrations of trypsin, total protein, and calcium, and increased outputs of calcium and protein were shown to be present in the "early" stages of the disease, indicating that an environment conducive to the formation of protein plugs and possibly later calcification already exists.
Effects of ethanol feeding on liver, kidney and jejunal membranes of micropigs
Authors: Jesús Villanueva, Carol J. Chandler, Nell Shimasaki, Anna B. Tang, Manabu Nakamura, Stephen D. Phinney, Charles H. Halsted
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The micropig model of chronic alcoholism was used to study the relationship of lipid composition and physical properties in three different tissue membranes from the same animals. Ethanol feeding reduced membrane anisotropy, as measured with the diphenylhexatriene probe, in liver plasma and kidney brush-border membranes but not in jejunal brush-border membranes. Preincubation with ethanol reduced anisotropy in each of the three control membranes, whereas all three membranes from the ethanol-fed group were relatively tolerant to the acute effect of ethanol. In liver and kidney membranes, ethanol feeding increased levels of linoleic (18:2 omega 6) acid and decreased levels of arachidonic (20:4 omega 6) and docosahexaenoic (22:6 omega 3) acids and their specific double-bond positions, consistent with reduced activities of delta 6 and delta 5 fatty acid desaturases. In liver and kidney membranes, anisotropy parameters and the acute effect of ethanol correlated inversely with levels of linoleic acid and directly with levels of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids and their specific double bonds. Levels of docosahexaenoic acid correlated with the acute effect of ethanol in all three membranes. Phospholipid fatty acid profiles were similar in jejunal brush-border membranes and terminal bile samples, suggesting that the effects of ethanol on jejunal fatty acids and physical properties are modulated by intraluminal biliary phospholipids. The effect of ethanol on anisotropy could not be attributed to changes in membrane cholesterol/phospholipid ratios. These studies affirm the value of this new animal model of chronic alcoholism and provide comprehensive evidence for the central role of fatty acid desaturation in the membrane-associated effects of ethanol exposure.
Mucormycotic Endocarditis of the Pulmonary Valve
Authors: Michael S. Erdos
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Endocarditis of the pulmonary valve due to<i>Mucor</i>occurred in a 76-year-old man with leukopenia secondary to myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia. Postmortem examination revealed a large mycotic vegetation with destruction of the pulmonary valve leaflets, vegetations in the wall of the main pulmonary artery, and mycotic pulmonary embolization with cavitary abscess formation. The clinical course was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of infection of the right pulmonary valve and of disseminated intravascular coagulation due to<i>Mucor</i>.
Music in the hemispheres.
Authors: A A Beaton
Journal: BMJ (1977)

bleeding tendency cannot be explained on the basis of a lowered VWFR.The disproportionate increase in VIIIC compared with VIIIA and VWFR may represent a non-specific effect (sic) analogous to similar results seen after exercise.5Nevertheless, in four patients the ratio VIIIA:VWFR was greater than 15, suggesting that the functional capacity of the factor VIII molecule (as assessed by ristocetin cofactor activity) may be impaired in some cases of renal failure.
Clinician Perceptions of Care Difficulty, Quality of Life, and Symptom Reports for Lung Cancer Patients: An Analysis from the Symptom Outcomes and Practice Patterns (SOAPP) Study
Authors: Heidi A. Hamann, Ju-Whei Lee, Joan H. Schiller, Leora Horn, Lynne I. Wagner, Victor Tsu-Shih Chang, Michael J. Fisch
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Chronic non-vascular cytomegalovirus infection: effects on the neointimal response to experimental vascular injury
Authors: Y Zhou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Objective: Epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence implicates a role for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in atherogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that CMV has the capacity to causally contribute to atherogenesis; acute infection of rats with rat CMV (RCMV) 1 day after carotid artery injury increased neointimal accumulation. Importantly, in the injured vessel infectious virus could not be detected and viral genome was present only transiently, suggesting that additional mechanisms play a role in the virus-induced exacerbation of the vascular injury response other than the changes caused by direct infection of vessel wall cells. The present investigation was designed to determine whether chronic persistent RCMV infection, more relevant to the clinical situation, also exacerbates the response to injury and, if so, whether similar mechanisms are operative. Methods: Sixty 3-week-old male Spraque–Dawley rats received an i.p. injection of either 106 TCID50 RCMV (Priscott strain) or normal saline. The left carotid artery was balloon-injured 3 months after infection. Rats were killed 6 weeks later. This model produces persistent infection, as demonstrated by presence of infectious virus in the salivary glands at time of sacrifice. Results: The neointima to media (N/M) ratio of the injured vessel was 41% greater in the RCMV-infected than in control rats (1.40±0.48 vs. 0.99±0.45; P=0.003). The aorta never contained infectious RCMV, and exhibited RCMV DNA, detected by PCR, only transiently. The persistent infection of non-vascular tissues was associated with increased serum levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ. Conclusions: CMV infection of young rats causes persistent infection of non-vascular tissues and increased cytokine levels. The neointimal response to subsequent vascular injury is increased, despite absence of virus from the vessel wall. These findings, as in acute infection following vascular injury, suggest that inflammatory and immune responses to chronic persistent CMV infection contribute to an exaggerated response to vascular injury.