tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Levels of fusidic acid in skin blister fluid and serum after repeated administration of two dosages (250 and 500 mg)
Authors: L. VAILLANT, L. MACHET, A. M. TABURET, H. SORENSEN, G. LORETTE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The fusidic acid steady‐state concentrations in serum (S) and skin suction blister fluid (SBF) after oral doses of 250 and 500 mg administered twice daily for 6 days, as film‐coated tablets of sodium fusidate, were studied in eight healthy subjects. The mean peak serum concentrations after the 250‐ and 500‐ mg regimens were 39 ± 5 and 102 ± 11 mg/l, respectively, obtained between 2 and 3 h after drug intake. The corresponding values for SBF, obtained later, between 2 and 12 h after drug intake, were 21 ± 5 and 79 ± 11 mg/l. As measured by the ratio of area under the concentration vs. time curve (SBF/S), fusidic acid penetration is 69–75%, whatever the dose. With either regime, the fusidic acid SBF and serum levels exceed the minimal inhibitory concentration of bacteria usually found in skin infections, especially Staphylococcus species. A dose of 250 mg twice a day appears sufficient to treat these infections and could be tested in clinical studies.
IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS OF THE CHICKEN
Authors: W. P. McArthur, J. Chapman, G. J. Thorbecke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Specific antisera to chicken thymus and to bursa of Fabricius were obtained in rabbits. After appropriate absorption and dilution all four anti-thymus sera, in the presence of guinea pig C', killed &amp;gt;90% of thymus and ≦12% of bursa cells. They were cytotoxic for approximately 50% of spleen cells and did not affect antibody-forming cells. The surface antigen detected by these antisera was named chicken T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA). Two of four anti-bursa sera, under similar conditions, killed &amp;gt;90% of bursa cells and ≦10% of thymus cells. These antisera were cytotoxc for a large percentage of antibody-forming cells and killed approximately 30% of spleen cells The other two anti-bursa sera were somewhat less potent but showed similar specificity. The surface antigen detected by these antisera was named chicken bursa-derived lymphocyte antigen (CBuLA). Rabbit antisera to chicken immunoglobulin were cytotoxic for bursa but not for thymus cells and killed a similar percentage of spleen cells as did anti-bursa sera. They were also cytotoxic for antibody-forming cells.
Reye Syndrome
Authors: Thomas T. Tang
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Liver biopsy specimens of two patients with Reye syndrome were examined for ultrastructural features, viral isolation, and urea-cycle enzyme activity. Concurrent presence of herpes-like virus and myxovirus/paramyxovirus was demonstrated by electron microscopy, and viral infections were confirmed by isolation or serologic tests. A concomitant hepatic ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency was also noted. The pathogenesis in these instances seems to consist of an initial synergistic insult on the liver by mixed types of viruses and subsequent breakdown of urea cycle, Krebs cycle, and possible other hepatic functions. An exodus of glycogen granules into the hepatic spaces of Disse and sinusoids suggests that the viruses have injured the plasma membranes as well as the mitochondria of hepatocytes. Since Kapila et al reported similar disorders five years before Reye et al, the name of Kapila-Reye disease is suggested.
Chloracne, goiter, arthritis, and anemia after polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: 14-year follow-Up of the Taiwan Yucheng cohort.
Authors: Y L Guo, M L Yu, C C Hsu, W J Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

In 1979, a mass poisoning involving 2,000 people occurred in central Taiwan from ingestion of cooking oil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). We studied the prevalence of medical conditions in the exposed individuals and in a neighborhood control group. Starting with a registry of the exposed individuals from 1983, we updated the addresses of exposed individuals and identified a control group matched for age, sex, and neighborhood in 1979. In 1993, individuals 30 years of age or older were interviewed by telephone. We obtained usable information from 795 exposed subjects and 693 control subjects. Lifetime prevalence of chloracne, abnormal nails, hyperkeratosis, skin allergy, goiter, headache, gum pigmentation, and broken teeth were observed more frequently in the PCB/PCDF-exposed men and women. The exposed women reported anemia 2. 3 times more frequently than controls. The exposed men reported arthritis and herniated intervertebral disks 4.1 and 2.9 times, respectively, more frequently than controls. There was no difference in reported prevalences of other medical conditions. We conclude that Taiwanese people exposed to high levels of PCBs and PCDFs reported more frequent medical problems, including skin diseases, goiter, anemia, and joint and spine diseases.
Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Infection
Authors: Raphael B. Stricker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 June 1995Neurologic Manifestations of HIV InfectionRaphael B. StrickerRaphael B. StrickerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Simpson and Tagliati [1] have provided an excellent and thorough review of the neurologic manifestations of HIV infection. The review fails, however, to mention one treatable cause of HIV-related peripheral neuropathy: cryoglobulinemia.Type III (polyclonal) cryoglobulinemia has been associated with polyneuropathy and mononeuritis multiplex in two patients with HIV disease [2-4]. Neither patient was infected with hepatitis C virus [3, 4], and HIV was the only identifiable etiologic agent in each case. The neuropathy appeared to improve with plasmapheresis or zidovudine therapy [2, 4], although spontaneous neurologic improvement could not be excluded.The true incidence of cryoglobulinemic ...References1. Simpson DM, Tagliati M. Neurologic manifestations of HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:769-85. Google Scholar2. Stricker RB, Sanders KA, Owen WF, Kiprov DD, Miller RG. Mononeuritis multiplex associated with cryoglobulinemia in HIV infection. Neurology. 1992; 42:2103-5. Google Scholar3. Stricker RB, Kiprov DD. Mononeuritis and cryoglobulins. Neurology. 1993; 43:2159. Google Scholar4. Le Lostec Z, Fegueux S, Vitale C, Geoffroy O, Bleton F, Mornet P. Peripheral neuropathy associated with cryoglobulinemia but not related to hepatitis C virus in an HIV-infected patient. AIDS. 1994; 8:1351-2. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Raphael B. Stricker PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 11Page: 883-884KeywordsHepatitis C virusHIVHIV infectionsInfectious hepatitisMononeuritisNeuropathyPeripheral neuropathy ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Time to scrap creatinine clearance?
Authors: R Cramb, L Lai
Journal: BMJ (1986)

new glomerular filtration rate may be calculated using the direct linear relation between glomerular filtration rate and the reciprocal of the plasma creatinine.This approach would prevent errors arising from the interpretation of the plasma creatinine value alone by the application of an inappropriate reference range but allows changes in renal function to be noticed promptly so that treatment may be started.Recent developments in enzymatic methods for measuring plasma creatinine concentrations are claimed to offer improved reproducibility, par- ticularly for values within the present reference range (coefficient of variation 3-3% at 67 pmol/l (0-76 mg/100 ml)3), and reduced non-specific interference from ketone bodies, antibiotics, etc.Although these methods are not yet widely used in the near future they may, in conjunction with more complete reference data, enable plasma creatnine values to be interpreted more reliably, particularly those within the present normal range.Until then a balanced approach to assessing renal function using plasma creatinine concentrations, supplemented with clearance measure- ments when indicated, would be appropriate.
Gfi1 expressed in bone marrow stromal cells is a novel osteoblast suppressor in patients with multiple myeloma bone disease
Authors: Sonia D'Souza, Davide del Prete, Shunqian Jin, Quanhong Sun, Alissa J. Huston, Flavia Esteve Kostov, Benedicte Sammut, Chang-Sook Hong, Judith L. Anderson, Kenneth D. Patrene, Shibing Yu, Chinavenmeni S. Velu, Guozhi Xiao, H. Leighton Grimes, G. David Roodman, Deborah L. Galson
Journal: Blood (2011)
Characteristics of patients aged over 75 not seen during one year in general practice
Authors: J M Stuart
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Breast fed babies take about 150 ml/kg of milk in 24 hours.1 Therefore in the case quoted the baby's intake of verapamil would have been 45 ng/kg/24 hours, about 1/100 000 of the maternal dose.I therefore disagree with the authors' conclusion that women receiving verapamil should not breast feed.
Effect of Private Health Insurance on Health Care Access and Health Status of Diabetic Patients Covered by Medicare
Authors: Maureen I. Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

A previous study showed that 93% of adults with diabetes in the U.S. population have some form of health insurance, and 52% have multiple sources of insurance (1). An important but unanswered question is whether the source and nature of health insurance influences access to care, quality of care, and health status and outcomes for patients with diabetes. To investigate this issue, we analyzed data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included a representative national sample of 721 adults aged ≥65 years with diagnosed diabetes who had Medicare health insurance coverage. Structured questionnaires and clinical and laboratory assessments were used to determine …
LABORATORY AID IN WHOOPING COUGH
Authors: Herman B. Sheffield
Journal: JAMA (1926)

To the Editor:  —Apropos of your editorial of January 16, permit me to state that, had Dr. G. F. Powers taken the trouble to review the literature on whooping cough, he would have been spared the arduous labor of proving an observation which  made clinically several years ago. In my book on Diseases of Children, published in 1921, page 433, appears the following definite statement: I wish to direct particular attention to the marked antispasmodic value of calcium and sodium hypophosphites in mitigating and often completely arresting the 'whoop' of pertussis.  have been led to administer these drugs after noting the close resemblance between the manifestations of laryngeal spasm of spasmophilia (spasmus glottidis) and those of whooping cough, and observing the beneficent action of lime and soda hypophosphites in spasmophilia. Furthermore, it seemed to me quite plausible to assume, that, as is claimed in spasmophilia (e. g., tetany),
Attempt to undermine European ban on advertising drugs fails in France
Authors: Ray Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A controversial proposal to have drug companies' “patient compliance” programmes declared legal in France has failed. 

Critics described the proposal as a backdoor attempt to introduce into France direct to consumer drug advertising, which is currently banned throughout Europe. 

Compliance support programmes organised by drug companies can include telephone reminders to consumers, personalised information for patients, and even home visits from nurses. The drug industry defends public health programmes as valuable for boosting adherence to treatment; others argue the programmes are Big Brother-style marketing strategies intended to boost profits. 

A recently formed advocacy group called the Medicines in Europe Forum, which comprises patients, professionals, and others, successfully …
Duodenal ulceration and postoperative recurrence.
Authors: F I Tovey, E M Husband, Y C Yiu, L Baker, G McPhail, A P Jayaraj
Journal: Gut (1989)

Duodenal ulceration and postoperative recurrence SIR,-We have read with interest the leading article by Mr R M Kirk (Gut 1988; 29: 1625-7).He draws attention to reports of the presence of parietal cells in the duodenum and suggests that these may enable 'susceptible mucosa to come into contact with freshly secreted acid that has not yet been partially diluted, adsorbed, absorbed, and neutralised'.During the past six years we have had a particular interest in gastric metaplasia in association with duodenal ulceration and have devised scoring systems for recording light and electron microscopical changes.'-Duringthis time several hundred duodenal biopsies have been examined and we have not yet seen any oxyntic cells in the presence of gastric metaplasia.Typically the mucosal surface is flat, without any gastric pits and is covered by epithelial cells secreting PAS staining mucus.This stresses the importance of understanding the exact meaning of any references to the presence of gastric mucosa in the duodenum.It is important to distinguish between gastric metaplasia and the presence of heterotopic gastric mucosa.The former often involves widespread areas of mucosa covered with mucus secreting surface epithelial cells staining with PAS accompanied by varying degrees of inflammatory cell infiltration and frequently the presence of Campylobacter pylori.The lattef involves scattered
Thrombomodulin is present in human plasma and urine.
Authors: H Ishii, P W Majerus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Thrombomodulin is an endothelial cell membrane protein that is a cofactor required for the rapid activation of plasma protein C. We now report that plasma and urine of normal subjects contains a modified form of thrombomodulin that is soluble. The levels measured by radioimmunoassay were 292 +/- 60 ng thrombomodulin/ml plasma and 102 +/- 38 ng thrombomodulin/ml urine. Thrombomodulin was isolated from both plasma and urine by immunoaffinity chromatography using a polyclonal anti-human thrombomodulin IgG column. The apparent molecular weight of soluble thrombomodulin was estimated by immunoblot analysis using 125I-monoclonal anti-thrombomodulin IgG. When run without 2-mercaptoethanol, soluble thrombomodulin appeared as two polypeptides, Mr = 63,000 and 54,000, while samples run with 2-mercaptoethanol migrated mainly at Mr = 85,000. These results imply that the soluble form of thrombomodulin is smaller than the cellular form, presumably because of a lack of the membrane-binding domain. Soluble thrombomodulin is similar to cellular thrombomodulin in its intrinsic protein C-activating cofactor activity as measured by antibody neutralization. The apparent Km for protein C was the same for cellular and soluble thrombomodulin, while the soluble form requires a higher concentration of thrombin (three- to fivefold) for one-half maximal activity than the cellular form. Thrombomodulin functional activity cannot be directly measured in plasma because of some inhibitory substance(s). The physiological significance of circulating and urinary thrombomodulin is presently obscure.
Breast-feeding: Time to Teach What We Preach-Reply
Authors: Gary L. Freed
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I regret the publication of inaccurate WIC costs for breast-fed and formula-fed infants and appreciate Ms Lenihan correcting the figures previously provided. The corrected figures still demonstrate the significant cost savings associated with breast-feeding. However, short-term cost savings should not be seen as the only rationale for the importance of breast-feeding. As such, the original article describes the many health benefits to infants and mothers derived from breast-feeding. I appreciate the comments of Dr Ball but firmly believe that it would be irresponsible of physicians to abdicate to other health care professionals all responsibility for breast-feeding counseling and support. Mothers, fathers, and infants deserve well-trained and experienced primary care physicians. Breast-feeding is an integral part of infant nutrition and should be recognized as such in medical curricula. Of course we should follow the proviso of "first do no harm" in any situation. However, I agree with Dixon et
Cardiovascular responses during static exercise. Studies in patients with complete heart block and dual chamber pacemakers.
Authors: T Alexander, D B Friedman, B D Levine, J A Pawelczyk, J H Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND During static exercise in normal subjects, the mean arterial pressure increases as a result of an increase in heart rate and thereby cardiac output with no significant change in stroke volume or systemic vascular resistance. We hypothesized that if one component of the blood pressure response to static exercise, ie, heart rate, were fixed, plasticity of the neural control mechanisms during exercise would allow for preservation of the blood pressure response by alternative mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirteen patients 20 to 68 years old with structurally normal hearts, complete heart block, and dual chamber pacemakers performed static exercise during three conditions: (1) normal dual chamber sensing and pacing mode, (2) heart rate fixed at the resting value obtained in the DDD mode of 78 +/- 4 beats per minute, and (3) heart rate fixed at the peak value obtained during exercise in the DDD mode of 94 +/- 4 beats per minute. Heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output were measured and stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were calculated at rest and at 1 and 5 minutes during static one-leg extension at 20% of maximal voluntary contraction. The mean arterial pressures at rest and at 5 minutes were higher when the heart rate was fixed at the faster peak exercise heart rate. In the DDD mode, heart rate increased by 16 beats per minute and cardiac output by 1.1 L/min, with a resultant 25 mm Hg increase in mean arterial pressure at 5 minutes with no change in the stroke volume or systemic vascular resistance. In both fixed heart rate pacing modes, mean arterial pressure increased by 24 mm Hg when the heart rate was fixed at the resting heart rate and by 25 mm Hg when the heart rate was fixed at the faster peak exercise heart rate pacing modes associated with an increase in stroke volume, with similar increases in cardiac output. During static exercise there was no change in systemic vascular resistance from the resting value in any pacing mode. CONCLUSIONS When heart rate is fixed in the presence of normal left ventricular function, the mean arterial pressure increases normally during static exercise because of an increase in stroke volume with no change in the systemic vascular resistance.
Treatment with statins results in decreased heat production from the culprit atherosclerotic lesions in patients with stable and unstable angina
Authors: Christodoulos Stefanadis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Ioannis Kallikazaros, Sophia Vaina, Manolis Vavouranakis, Kostas Tsioufis, Christos Pitsavos, Athanasios Trikas, Pavlos Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
False-Positive Western Blot Tests for Antibodies to HTLV-IIIN
Authors: Donald S. Burke, Robert R. Redfield
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As part of the US Army quality assurance program for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) testing, we recently sent identical proficiency panels to five large commercial firms that offered HTLV-III Western blot testing on a fee-for-service basis. Each panel consisted of 15 samples from healthy, low-risk adults whose serum was repeatedly negative for HTLV-III antibodies and five samples from HTLVIII-infected (culture-documented) patients. By Western blot analysis, all five positive samples produced definite, but not strong, bands at 41 kilodaltons (kd) and other molecular weights characteristic of HTLV-III proteins.<sup>1</sup> Scores ranged from 85% to 100% accuracy (Table). Four of the five laboratories reported at least one falsepositive test result. The six falsepositive results were all on different normal specimens, suggesting that the errors were due to technique and not to intrinsic biologic properties of the specimens. There was a substantial range of clarity of the
Prevention of Rubella Transmission in Medical Facilities
Authors: Wayne L. Greaves
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The widespread use of rubella vaccine in the United States has dramatically decreased the number of rubella cases and has prevented epidemics. Nevertheless, outbreaks of rubella continue to occur in medical facilities and have become important in the transmission of the disease. Control of outbreaks requires isolation of infectious patients, assignment of immune staff only to infectious patients, exclusion from work of infectious personnel, special follow-up of pregnant women and exposed persons, and the rapid vaccination of susceptible staff. Implementation of hospital rubella prevention programs is preferable to controlling an outbreak. The vaccination of all susceptible personnel provides the opportunity for preventing rubella outbreaks, disruption of hospital services, and fetal rubella infection.
Retention of a Gum Elastic Bougie for more than Eleven Months in the Uterus
Authors: A. Sykes-Ward
Journal: BMJ (1894)

with eleplhantiasis, hias 1ilari:e in hiis blood.This circum- stance, namely, the comparative absence of tilarie in those affected withi elephantiasis, strikes one at first siglht as some- what strange, and, on superficial consideration, mighit seem to upset the doctrine of the tilarial origin of elephantiasis.properly considered, liowever, it is a powerful argument in favour of this doctrine.El ephantiasis is caused,1 lhold, by
Marfan's Syndrome and Related Disorders — More Tightly Connected Than We Thought
Authors: Bruce D. Gelb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Reviewing the entry on Marfan's syndrome in my medical school–era edition of Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, circa 1980, reminded me anew of the transformative potential of molecular medicine. In describing this striking genetic disorder, the textbook stated that the pathogenesis of Marfan's syndrome was unknown but classified it as a connective-tissue disorder, a type of disorder that "may affect any one of the numerous steps in the biosynthesis and the metabolism of [connective tissue] or the processes by which the macromolecules are physically organized and oriented to one another."1 Fast-forward two decades, and a scientific drama involving Marfan's syndrome . . .