tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DDX3Y encodes a class I MHC–restricted H-Y antigen that is expressed in leukemic stem cells
Authors: Kellie V. Rosinski, Nobuharu Fujii, Jeffrey K. Mito, Kevin K. W. Koo, Suzanne M. Xuereb, Olga Sala-Torra, James S. Gibbs, Jerald P. Radich, Yoshiki Akatsuka, Benoît J. Van den Eynde, Stanley R. Riddell, Edus H. Warren
Journal: Blood (2008)
Abstract 2356: Establishment of HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck cancer tumorgrafts directly from patient biopsies
Authors: Alexandra D. Torres, Randall J. Kimple, Robert Z. Yang, Benjamin Soriano, Eric A. Armstrong, Paul M. Harari, Paul F. Lambert
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PURPOSE: To develop a clinically relevant model system to study head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we have established a direct from patient, tumorgraft model of both Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative cancers and have performed initial therapeutic response characterization. METHODS: Following IRB approval, patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent HNSCC were consented for donation of tumor at the time of surgical procedure. Tissue from either the primary site or a lymph node metastasis was obtained, washed in antibiotic rich media, manually disaggregated, and subcutaneously implanted into mice (NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ) for initial tumorgraft establishment. Subsequent mouse-to-mouse passages were performed and formalin-fixed/paraffin embedded as well as flash frozen tissue was harvested for subsequent molecular analyses. On the basis of hematoxaylin/eosin staining, patient tumor and primary tumorgraft were compared by a pathologist. To assess tumor growth rates and response to therapy (radiation, cisplatin, cetuximab) tumors were implanted into athymic nude mice and tumor growth curves monitored with twice-weekly tumor measurement. RESULTS: Patient demographics demonstrate a diverse group of donors with significant variations in tobacco and alcohol history, age, HPV status, and prior therapy. To date, tumorgraft establishment has been successful in 60% of cases (18/30). Primary tumor and tumorgraft showed high pathology correlation for differentiation status (well, moderately or poorly differentiated, Fisher Exact probability test p&amp;lt;0.0001). Significant variation in tumorgraft doubling time was observed with the most rapid of 4.9 days ranging up to 24.2 days. Increased tumor doubling time was noted following treatment with radiation (mean doubling time: 140% of control, range: 80% - 230%), cisplatin (mean: 150%, range: 91% - 180%), and cetuximab (mean: 240%, range: 81% - 390%). CONCLUSIONS: We have established a robust tumorgraft model system for investigating HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. Characterization to date shows significant heterogeneity of tumor types and therapeutic response paralleling that observed in clinical populations. These human tumorgrafts provide a powerful resource for investigating mechanisms of therapeutic response and preclinical testing of radiation and/or chemotherapy regimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2356. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2356
Tiny RNAs associated with transcription start sites in animals
Authors: Ryan J Taft, Evgeny A Glazov, Nicole Cloonan, Cas Simons, Stuart Stephen, Geoffrey J Faulkner, Timo Lassmann, Alistair R R Forrest, Sean M Grimmond, Kate Schroder, Katharine Irvine, Takahiro Arakawa, Mari Nakamura, Atsutaka Kubosaki, Kengo Hayashida, Chika Kawazu, Mitsuyoshi Murata, Hiromi Nishiyori, Shiro Fukuda, Jun Kawai, Carsten O Daub, David A Hume, Harukazu Suzuki, Valerio Orlando, Piero Carninci, Yoshihide Hayashizaki, John S Mattick
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
The command neuron concept
Authors: Irving Kupfermann, Klaudiusz R. Weiss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1978)

Abstract The notion of the command cell has been highly influential in invertebrate neurobiology, and related notions have been increasingly used in research on the vertebrate nervous system. The term “command neuron” implies that the neuron has some critical function in the generation of a normally occurring behavior. Nevertheless, most authors either explicitly or implicitly use a strictly operational definition, independent of considerations of normal behavioral function. That is, command neurons are often defined as neurons which, when stimulated by the experimenter, evoke some behavioral response. Even when utilizing such an operational definition, investigators frequently differ on what they consider to be the exact characteristics that a neuron must have (or not have) to be considered a command cell. A few authors appear to treat command neurons in relation to normal function, but a precise behaviorally relevant definition has not been specified. Because of the ambiguity in the definition of command neurons, the term can refer to a wide variety of neurons which may play divergent behavioral roles. In some ways the attempt to label a cell as a command neuron may interfere with the process of discovering the complex causal determinants of behavior. Nevertheless, the notion that individual cells are responsible for certain behaviors is highly appealing, and an attempt to define the command neuron rigorously could be worthwhile. We suggest that a command neuron be defined as a neuron that is both necessary and sufficient for the initiation of a given behavior. These criteria can by tested by: (1) establishing the response pattern of the putative command neuron during presentation of a given stimulus and execution of a well specified behavior; (2) removing the neuron and showing that the response is no longer elicited by the stimulus (necessary condition); and (3) firing the neuron in its normal pattern and showing that the complete behavioral response occurs (sufficient condition). In some cases, groups of neurons, when treated as a whole, may satisfy the necessity and sufficiency criteria for a given behavior, even though individual neurons of the group fail to meet the criteria. We suggest that such a group be termed a “command system” for the behavior in question. Individual neurons in the command system can be termed “command elements” if, when fired in their normally occurring pattern, they elicit a part of the behavior, or “modulatory elements” if they do not in isolation elicit any response, but alter the behavior produced by other elements in the command system.
Health News Reporting
Authors: Robert Matz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 November 1997Health News ReportingRobert Matz, MDRobert Matz, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-10-199711150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:One aspect of medical science and health news reporting left out of Schuchman and Wilkes' [1] interesting analysis is the development of a “cult of personality” in the health news reporting community. Many well-known health and medical science reporters writing in a few major newspapers have become the primary source for secondary pick-ups by many radio, news-paper, and television reporters. Thus, a small handful of powerful, skilled writers wields an enormous amount of influence in this field.An article or presentation picked up by one of these key players can leverage the contents and bring findings to ...References1. Schuchman M, Wilkes MS. Medical scientists and health news reporting: a case of miscommunication. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 136:976-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMedical messages in the media - barriers and solutions to improving medical journalism 15 November 1997Volume 127, Issue 10Page: 948KeywordsForecastingPrevention, policy, and public healthScientists Issue Published: 15 November 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Determination of aortic valve area in valvular aortic stenosis by direct measurement using intracardiac echocardiography: A comparison with the gorlin and continuity equations
Authors: Gary P. Foster, Neil J. Weissman, Michael H. Picard, Phillip J. Fitzpatrick, Samuel J. Shubrooks, Stuart W. Zarich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Rubella Screening at Drug Rehabilitation Centers
Authors: David J. Mersy, Diane Madlon Kay
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Lee et al 1 point out that drug rehabilitation programs provide an appropriate setting to perform rubella testing. They also point out that at least 24% of women in their cluster of congenital rubella syndrome had a history of illicit substance use.  In 1990, we reported on the rubella immunity status of chemically dependent adolescent females admitted to a residential treatment center. 2 In that study, 129 subjects were screened for rubella antibody. Of the study sample, 12.4% were found to be nonimmune by titer. No statistical relationship was found between self-reported immunization status and actual titer findings. In that study, attempts were made to give vaccine to those susceptible to rubella. Of the 16 women found to be nonimmune, only 56% were successfully vaccinated. Subjects had often left the facility before informed consent could be obtained from their parents. Our findings confirm that drug rehabilitation programs
Effect of reperfusion on 111In-antimyosin monoclonal antibody uptake by salvaged and necrotic myocardium in the dog
Authors: Y. Merhi, A. Arsenault, M. Carrier, J.-G. Latour
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the ability of 111In-antimyosin monoclonal antibody (111In-AMA) to differentiate between salvaged and necrotic myocardium following reperfusion. Methods: Dogs submitted to a 24 h left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (group 1, n= 10) or to a 90 min occlusion followed by a 22.5 h reperfusion (group 2, n=11, group 3, n=5) were given radiolabeled microspheres and 111In-AMA after 75 min of ischaemia (groups 1 and 2), or after 19.5 h of reperfusion (group 3). After delimiting the area at risk and the infarct by dye perfusion and triphenyltetrazolium chloride, the heart slices were imaged by scintigraphy and dissected into necrotic, viable ischaemic, and normal myocardium. Myocardial blood flow was estimated by microspheres and 111In-AMA uptake was expressed as the ratio of the corresponding non-ischaemic tissue samples taken from opposite ventricular wall. Results:111In-AMA ratios in necrotic and salvaged myocardium were respectively 5.4(SEM 1.9) and 3.2(0.5) times the normal value, giving a 1.7 to 1 factor between the two areas in dogs with permanent occlusion (group 1). Similar results were obtained in group 3 with ratios of 6.1 (1.1) and 3.0(0.3) times normal values. In contrast, ratios of 43.6(5.6) and 5.6(0.9) (p < 0.05) in necrotic and salvaged myocardium, respectively, were found in reperfused group 2, giving a 7.8 to 1 factor between the two tissue areas of the risk territory. Clear delineation between salvaged and necrotic tissue territories could be made on scintigrams only in group 2, which otherwise presented smaller infarcts: 35.1(7.9)% of the risk area v 58.0(8.7)% in non-reperfused animals (p < 0.05). 111In-AMA uptake by necrotic myocardium did not correlate with collateral (group 1) or reperfusion blood flows (group 3), indicating that the greater uptake in reperfused myocardium is flow independent. Conclusions:111In-AMA does not clearly identify necrotic from viable ischaemic myocardium within 24 h of injection in a coronary artery occlusion model. Thus it may not be a sensitive enough method to evaluate infarct size progression. However, reperfusion greatly increased 111In-AMA uptake by the infarct in a flow independent manner, this may prove to be useful for clinical assessment of infarct size and reperfusion injury. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1504-1509
Patients are more satisfied with their own GP than with out of hours care, survey shows
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patients’ satisfaction with general practice services in England has remained high in the past year, a new survey has found.

The latest figures from the government’s national survey of general practice patients show that 88% of respondents rated their overall experience at their surgery as good, a figure almost unchanged from the previous year.

The results, based on 353 880 responses gathered by the polling company Ipsos MORI, cover the period from January to …
Anticardiolipin antibodies in acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy
Authors: I Uthman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epithelio pathy (AMPPPE) is a disorder of otherwise healthy young adults. A possible thrombotic process involving the choroid has been suggested in the pathogenesis of this condition. We report a case of AMPPPE and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL).

A 32 year old woman presented because of sudden onset of bilateral decrease in visual acuity. Her past medical history was negative. One week before the decrease in vision, the patient had been complaining of headaches associated with fever, chills, and a rash on her neck and lower extremities.

The initial ocular examination showed a visual acuity of 20/200 in the right eye and 20/30 in the left eye. Fundus examination disclosed bilateral multiple yellow-white placoid lesions …
A3 adenosine receptor stimulation modulates sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in rat heart
Authors: R Zucchi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: Stimulation of A3 adenosine receptors has been shown to protect cardiac myocytes from ischemic injury, but the mechanism of this action is unknown. We evaluated the effect of adenosine agonists and antagonists on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ channels. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were perfused with control buffer or different adenosine agonists and antagonists. Hearts were then homogenized and used to determine SR Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, assayed by quick filtration technique after loading with 45Ca2+, and the binding of [3H]ryanodine, a specific ligand of the SR Ca2+ release channel. In parallel experiments, hearts were challenged with 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion, and the extent of tissue necrosis was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Results: Perfusion with the A1<A3 agonist R-PIA and the A3<A1 agonist IB-MECA was associated with reduced [3H]ryanodine binding, due to reduced Bmax (by about 20%), whereas Kd and Ca2+-dependence of the binding reaction were unaffected. These actions were abolished by the A3 antagonist MRS 1191, while they were not affected by A1 and A2 antagonists. The rate constant of SR Ca2+ release decreased by 25–30% in hearts perfused with R-PIA or IB-MECA. Tissue necrosis was significantly reduced in the presence of R-PIA or IB-MECA. Protection was removed by MRS 1191, and it was not affected by A1 and A2 antagonists. Hearts were also protected by administration of dantrolene, a ryanodine receptor antagonist. In the presence of dantrolene, no further protection was provided by IB-MECA. Conclusion: A3 adenosine receptor stimulation modulates the SR Ca2+ channel. This action might account for the protective effect of adenosine.
Some rare medical complications of pregnancy.
Authors: M de Swiet
Journal: BMJ (1985)

to safe levels of alcohol; as with cigarette smoking, such a move might persuade others to follow suit, especially if it was shown to reduce the high death rate, from cirrhosis, among doctors.But can we afford to wait another 20 years?Professor Alan Maynard put the minimum social cost of alcoholism in 1983 from losses to industry, demands on health services, police, and judiciary, damage to property, etc at £1600 million.After remaining steady for the past few years alcohol con- sumption is beginning to rise again, and we can confidently expect more casualties.Controls on drinking have had to be imposed in this country at some time in each of the past three centuries: the evidence suggests that the government may soon be forced to heed the lessons of history.
Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Philippe Rougier, Eric Van Cutsem, Emilio Bajetta, Norbert Niederle, Kurt Possinger, Roberto Labianca, Matilde Navarro, Rudolf Morant, Harry Bleiberg, Jacques Wils, Lucile Awad, Patrice Herait, Christian Jacques
Journal: The Lancet (1998)
Labeling of Blood For Transfusion
Authors: G. T. Nurse
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> An item in your QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (223:202, 1973) concerned the labeling of blood for transfusion by race of donor, as the views of your questioner (but not the replies to him) have been quoted by a South African publication in refutation of our recent demonstration<sup>1</sup>that there is no sero-genetically sound reason for such labeling. We used the statistical model and the antigenicity constants published by Giblett<sup>2</sup>and found that even when one calculated the probability of antibody production among five different racial groups, the hazards of intraracial and interracial transfusion were of much the same order of magnitude. Subsequent correspondence<sup>3</sup>in which our conclusions were published criticized the statistical methods (we shall be publishing shortly a refutation of the criticisms) and claimed that infective hazards were great enough to make transfusions between races inadvisable. We contend that this consideration, if it is well
Continuing Assessment of Medical Performance
Authors: C. Barber Mueller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

During the past two or three years, the idea of physician re-examination and recertification has gained considerable following, especially among those who anticipate the coming of a national health-insurance program. The notion that competence of medical practitioners should be the subject of any review is relatively new, but it stems naturally from at least two phenomena of the 1960's: the increasing interest on the part of the public in cost effectiveness, whereby value of output is compared to its cost, even though value is hard to quantify; and a declining satisfaction with doctors and the medical establishment. The latter reaction . . .
Designing CAF-adjuvanted dry powder vaccines: Spray drying preserves the adjuvant activity of CAF01
Authors: Pall Thor Ingvarsson, Signe Tandrup Schmidt, Dennis Christensen, Niels Bent Larsen, Wouter Leonardus Joseph Hinrichs, Peter Andersen, Jukka Rantanen, Hanne Mørck Nielsen, Mingshi Yang, Camilla Foged
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Abstract 5015: Regulation of histone modification and chromatin structure by p53-PADI4 pathway
Authors: Chizu Tanikawa, Yusuke Nakamura, Koichi Matsuda
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Histone proteins are modified in response to various external signals, however their mechanisms are still not fully understood. We here report in vivo and in vitro citrullination of arginine 3 residue of histone H4 (H4R3) in response to DNA damage through the p53-PADI4 pathway. We also observed DNA damage-induced citrullination of lamin C through the p53-PADI4 pathway. Citrullinated H4R3 (cit-H4R3) and citrullinated lamin C are located around fragmented nuclei in apoptotic cells. Ectopic expression of PADI4 led to chromatin decondensation and promoted DNA cleavage, while Padi4-/- mice exhibited resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis in the thymus. We also found loss of function mutations of the PADI4 gene in several cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the level of cit-H4R3 was negatively correlated with that of p53 protein in cancer cells and with tumor size in non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Our findings reveal that citrullination of H4R3 would be an “apoptotic histone code” to detect damaged cells and induce nuclear fragmentation, which plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5015. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5015
Eliminating Inpatient Sliding-Scale Insulin
Authors: David Baldwin, Griselda Villanueva, Robert McNutt, Sarika Bhatnagar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

We studied a systematic program to reeducate our medical house officers on how to manage inpatient hyperglycemia without the use of sliding-scale insulin (SSI).Patients admitted to the general medical service with diabetes or a blood glucose >140 mg/dl were included. HbA(1c) was measured in all patients, and therapy was modified if the HbA(1c) was >7.0%. For each 24 h on call, two house officers were responsible for all glucose management for their team's patients and rounded with a teaching endocrinologist twice daily for 2 weeks. Oral agent or insulin therapy was modified using blood glucoses and HbA(1c). All patients who required insulin therapy were treated with basal and bolus insulin, usually NPH and regular, adjusted twice daily.During 8 weeks, 88 patients were identified and 16 house officers were instructed. The mean duration of diabetes was 10.4 years. Mean HbA(1c) level was 8.7%, and 48% of patients had HbA(1c) >8%. All patients with HbA(1c) >7% had diabetes therapy intensified. Overall 80% had their diabetes therapy changed by discharge. Compared with 98 historical control subjects, significantly fewer study patients had episodes of hyperglycemia, and a subgroup followed for 12 months showed a decrease in HbA(1c) from 10.1 to 8%.Medical history, blood glucose, and HbA(1c) testing can effectively identify patients with inpatient hyperglycemia. Using direct ward-based teaching and a widely disseminated pocket set of guidelines, house officers can be taught to effectively and safely manage inpatient hyperglycemia without the use of SSI.
Prenatal Diagnosis -- Why Is 35 a Magic Number?
Authors: Susan P. Pauker, Stephen G. Pauker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

For the past two decades, routine amniocentesis has been recommended only for women who are at least 35 years old,1 because at that age the risk of miscarriage induced by the test is roughly equal to the risk of trisomy 21, the most prevalent nonfatal chromosomal abnormality causing mental retardation and morbidity. That rationale assumes that having a miscarriage and having a child with Down's syndrome are equivalent outcomes. But using 35 years as the threshold age ignores the other chromosomal abnormalities that might prompt some couples to terminate a pregnancy, the level of accuracy of the test, and the . . .