tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Credentialization or Critique? Neoliberal Ideology and the Fate of the Ethical Voice
Authors: Stuart J. Murray, Adrian Guta
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In this commentary we respond to White, Jankowski, andShelton’s (2014) article about structuring a written exam-ination to assess what the American Society for Bioethicsand Humanities (ASBH) calls health care ethics consul-tation “core knowledge competencies” (ASBH 2011). Wechallenge the need for such tests and question what pur-posetheyservesavetofurtheradvanceaneoliberalversionofethics—anethicscolonizedbythecorporatistideologyof“entrepreneurialfreedomsandskillswithinaninstitutionalframework”(Harvey2005,2).Focusingonhealthcareethicsconsultants,theauthorsproposeacredentializingexamina-tion to measure ethical “core competencies” in a mannerthat would be “statistically reliable” and based on “fac-tual information, which is noncontroversial.” They furtherspeculate on “business plan development” and the “bud-getary implications” of such minutiae as multiple-choiceversus essay questions, and the outsourced costs of “psy-chometric analysis and review.” The article itself gets tan-gled in its own web of proceduralism and managerialism,ignoring the substantive ethical stakes of the litigious creeptoward the credentialization and professionalization ofbioethics.If bioethics were subject to a professional body anda standardized examination, the terms of ethical de-liberation and decision making would be sharply cir-cumscribed. “Factual” terms and procedurally veriﬁablepractices—arbitrarily deﬁned—would determine in ad-vancewhatkindsofquestionscouldbeasked,inwhatway,by whom, and of whom. And under ever-increasing pres-sure to “vocationalize” curricula, educational institutionswouldaltertheirinstructionto“teachtothetest.”Aprofes-
Boils, Berloques, and Blebs
Authors: Adam B. Blechman, Thomas G. Cropley
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Inhaled steroids and COPD
Authors: C. B. Cooper, M. Decramer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

To the Editors: 

We read with interest the paper by Suissa et al. 1, in which he and his co-authors state that “the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains doubtful.” They review the reported efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), noting a lack of pulmonary function improvement but reduction in exacerbation frequency, and a meta-analysis showing reduced mortality 2. However, they conclude that these findings could be biased by methodological problems. One form of bias that they highlight is failure to follow patients after premature withdrawal from randomised clinical trials. Suissa et al. 1 opine that the TORCH (Towards a Revolution in COPD Health) 3 and OPTIMAL 4 studies have provided important evolution in understanding these issues. While both studies used intent-to-treat analysis, …
Radiation produces differential changes in cytokine profiles in radiation lung fibrosis sensitive and resistant mice
Authors: Xiaoping Ao, Lujun Zhao, Mary A Davis, David M Lubman, Theodore S Lawrence, Feng-Ming Kong
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Abstract Background Recent research has supported that a variety of cytokines play important roles during radiation-induced lung toxicity. The present study is designed to investigate the differences in early cytokine induction after radiation in sensitive (C57BL/6) and resistant mice (C3H). Results Twenty-two cytokines in the lung tissue homogenates, bronchial lavage (BAL) fluids, and serum from 3, 6, 12, 24 hrs to 1 week after 12 Gy whole lung irradiation were profiled using a microsphere-based multiplexed cytokine assay. The majority of cytokines had similar baseline levels in C57BL/6 and C3H mice, but differed significantly after radiation. Many, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) were elevated significantly in specimens from both strains. They usually peaked at about 3–6 hrs in C57BL/6 and 6–12 hrs in C3H. At 6 hrs in lung tissue, G-CSF, IL-6, and KC increased 6, 8, and 11 fold in C57BL/6 mice, 4, 3, and 3 fold in the C3H mice, respectively. IL-6 was 10-fold higher at 6 hrs in the C57BL/6 BAL fluid than the C3H BAL fluid. MCP-1, IP-10, and IL-1α also showed some differences between strains in the lung tissue and/or serum. For the same cytokine and within the same strain of mice, there were significant linear correlations between lung tissue and BAL fluid levels (R 2 ranged 0.46–0.99) and between serum and tissue (R 2 ranged 0.56–0.98). Conclusion Radiation induced earlier and greater temporal changes in multiple cytokines in the pulmonary fibrosis sensitive mice. Positive correlation between serum and tissue levels suggests that blood may be used as a surrogate marker for tissue.
SWEET HERB OF PARAGUAY
Authors: Thomas S. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1924)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —The Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., has introduced into this country a recently exploited herb; its description is as follows:Kaa He-e, the Sweet Herb of Paraguay (Stevia rebaudiana) S. P. I. No. 53918. The leaves of this plant contain a glucosid whose sweetening power is 150 to 200 times that of cane sugar. It is claimed in Paraguay that the leaves may be used for sweetening in the natural state, drying and grinding only being required, or they may be soaked in water and the liquor used for sweetening preserves. It has been suggested that the Kaa He-e may prove valuable as a sweetening material which can be safely used by persons suffering from diabetes. The plant is propagated readily by means of cuttings and grows rapidly.A small specimen of this plant was supplied to me by the Orange County Agent, U. S.
Endotoxin Exposure as a Major Determinant of Lung Function Decline in Pig Farmers
Authors: PETER F. J. VOGELZANG, JOOST W. J. van der GULDEN, HANS FOLGERING, JAN J. KOLK, DICK HEEDERIK, LIESBETH PRELLER, MARTIN J. M. TIELEN, CONSTANT P. van SCHAYCK
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Exposure-response relationships for endotoxin as measured in dust and longitudinal decline in lung function were studied. A cohort of 171 pig farmers was followed over a 3-yr period. Long-term average exposure to dust and endotoxin was determined by personal monitoring in summer and winter, using data on farm characteristics and activities. Mean decline in FEV1 was 73 ml/yr and in FVC 55 ml/ yr. Long-term average exposure to dust was 2.63 mg/m3 (geometric SD [GSD] 1.30), and to endotoxin, 105 ng/m3 (GSD 1.5). Annual decline in FEV1 was significantly associated with endotoxin exposure. An increase in exposure with a factor 2 was associated with an extra decline of FEV1 of 19 ml/yr.
Emergency contraception from pharmacists misses opportunity
Authors: T. Stammers
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—I hope that the predicted reduction in unplanned pregnancies and abortions will result from pharmacy access for emergency contraception, as described by Harrison-Woolrych et al in their editorial.1 The possibility of risk displacement, however, rendering this move ineffective in the same way as has been postulated for condom use2 makes this far from certain. What is certain is that the opportunity for detection of sexually transmitted diseases and reduction of …
Bone Sarcoma: Treatment by Irradiation, Amputation, or a Combination of the Two
Authors: R. Sweetnam, J. Knowelden, H. Seddon
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A retrospective survey of all cases of osteosarcoma of the femur and tibia treated at the major centres in the United Kingdom during 1952-9 was carried out in an attempt to assess the respective value of treatment by surgery and radiotherapy and the feasibility of a larger prospective study. Of the 192 patients available for the comparison, those treated by radiotherapy alone did least well. A combination of the two treatments—radiotherapy followed by amputation—produced better results, in terms of survival, than amputation alone; however, the comparatively small numbers involved and the inadequacy of information about the factors dictating the choice of treatment make firm conclusions impossible. A controlled clinical trial on a larger scale might provide answers to the outstanding questions.
Array‐based profiling of ragweed and mugwort pollen allergens
Authors: G. Gadermaier, N. Wopfner, M. Wallner, M. Egger, A. Didierlaurent, G. Regl, F. Aberger, R. Lang, F. Ferreira, T. Hawranek
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) pollen is the main cause of allergic reactions in late summer and autumn. The differential diagnosis between ragweed and mugwort pollen allergy is a frequent problem encountered by allergologists in areas where both plants are present due to shared antigenic structures and overlapping flowering seasons.To evaluate the sensitization pattern of weed allergic patients towards a large panel of purified allergens in the microarray format and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Eight ragweed and six mugwort pollen allergens were purified from natural source or expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Allergens were spotted on protein microarray slides or coated onto ELISA plates. Sera from 19 ragweed and/or mugwort allergic individuals were used to determine the reactivity towards single molecules in both assays.All ragweed allergic individuals were sensitized to Amb a 1, among them 30% were monosensitized to the major ragweed allergen. Art v 1 and Art v 3 were recognized by 89% of mugwort pollen-allergic patients. Extensive cross-reactivity was observed for both patient groups mainly involving the pan-allergens profilin and nonspecific lipid transfer proteins. Comparable IgE profiles were obtained with both allergen microarray and ELISA methods.Molecule-based diagnosis provides essential information for the differential diagnosis between ragweed and mugwort pollen allergy and for the selection of the appropriate allergen source for specific immunotherapy.
Mammography Screening in Women Under Age 50 Years
Authors: Nicholas E. Day
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the article by Eddy et al<sup>1</sup>about the value of mammographic screening for women aged 40 to 49 years. We agree that current data permit only an estimate of the quantitative benefits (ie, reduction in breast cancer mortality), with a wide range of uncertainty in this age group, but we feel that the problem of determining the usefulness of mammography is compounded by the continual improvements in this technique. Mammography as carried out in the Health Insurance Plan study, on which Eddy et al base most of their conclusions, has little relevance to present-day practice and should not form the basis of future policy. Compared with the Health Insurance Plan study, the two-county Swedish study, based essentially on single-view mammography as practiced in the late 1970s, achieved both a higher sensitivity of mammography and approximately twice the lead time.<sup>2,3</sup>The earlier
Gene Expression Profiling of Nonlesional Skin from Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria Subjects is Distinct from Normal Nonatopic Skin
Authors: L.G. Bankova, P.M. Sterba, L. Gober, A. DeBenedetto, D.N. Grigoryev, L.A. Beck, S.S. Saini
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Case 41-1963
Authors: Anna J. Hauck, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of Case*A sixteen-day-old male infant was referred to the hospital because of cyanosis.The child was the product of a full-term, uncomplicated pregnancy, with normal labor and delivery; he weighed 3.0 kg. at birth and appeared dusky throughout the postnatal hospital stay. On the fifth hospital day he was sent home, where he remained for six days. He fed poorly, spitting up a considerable amount; increasingly rapid respiration was observed. On admission to another hospital he was in extremis and was cyanotic without oxygen. The heart rate was 190 to 200; no murmurs were audible. The liver was . . .
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil and oxaliplatin versus fluorouracil alone in locally advanced rectal cancer: initial results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-04 randomised phase 3 trial
Authors: Claus Rödel, Torsten Liersch, Heinz Becker, Rainer Fietkau, Werner Hohenberger, Torsten Hothorn, Ullrich Graeven, Dirk Arnold, Marga Lang-Welzenbach, Hans-Rudolf Raab, Heiko Sülberg, Christian Wittekind, Sergej Potapov, Ludger Staib, Clemens Hess, Karin Weigang-Köhler, Gerhard G Grabenbauer, Hans Hoffmanns, Fritz Lindemann, Anke Schlenska-Lange, Gunnar Folprecht, Rolf Sauer
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Infectious Diseases: A Treatise of Infectious Processes
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Four years have passed since the last edition of<i>Infectious Diseases</i>was published. Knowledge in the field has expanded rapidly. The relationship between roseola (exanthem subitum) and human herpesvirus 6 has been established, and<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>'s role in peptic ulcer disease has been widely accepted. The use of antiretroviral agents to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is being clarified with each passing year. "New" hepatitis viruses are being discovered. Newspaper headlines draw the world's attention to outbreaks of viral infection in central Africa and the southwest United States. The need for frequent revisions of infectious disease textbooks is obvious. With this fifth edition, senior editor Hoeprich has enlisted the help of an additional editor (Dr Jordan had joined as coeditor of the fourth edition) and nearly 200 highly respected contributors. This edition has grown in page size, if not in total number of pages, and added several chapters.
\E Induction of Meandering Functional Reentrant Wave Front in Isolated Human Atrial Tissues
Authors: Takanori Ikeda, Lawrence Czer, Alfredo Trento, Chun Hwang, James J. C. Ong, Dustan Hough, Michael C. Fishbein, William J. Mandel, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that a single meandering functional reentrant wave front can result in rapid and irregular electrogram activity in human atrial tissues. Methods and Results The study used the explanted hearts of five human cardiac transplant recipients. Three right and two left atrial tissue samples, 3.4±0.3 mm thick, were excised and trimmed to 3.5×3.0 cm. The isolated atrium was placed endocardial surface down in a chamber with a 477 bipolar recording electrode array built into the bottom of the tissue bath. The interelectrode distance was 1.6 mm. The tissue was constantly superfused with 36.5°C oxygenated Tyrode’s solution at a rate of 10 mL/min. After eight baseline stimuli (S 1 ) delivered at 400- or 600-ms cycle length from the edge of the tissue, a single premature stimulus (S 2 ) was given at the center of the tissue to induce reentry. A total of nine episodes of reentry were induced with S 1 -S 2 coupling intervals of 232±29 ms (range, 190 to 290 ms) and an S 2 strength of 10±3 mA (range, 5 to 15 mA). In all samples, a single meandering reentrant wave front was induced, causing irregular and rapid bipolar electrogram activity. These wave fronts had a mean cycle length of 229±45 ms (160 to 290 ms) and persisted for 1.1±0.3 seconds (0.6 seconds to 2.5 seconds), or 5.2±1.4 (3 to 9) cycles, before spontaneous termination. Conclusions A single meandering functional reentrant wave front can be induced in human atrial tissues and produce rapid and irregular electrical activity.
Cellular interactions promote tissue-specific function, biomatrix deposition and junctional communication of primary cultured hepatocytes
Authors: Francine Goulet, Claire Normand, Odette Morin
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Hepatocytes, prepared from normal adult rat liver, were seeded onto a collagen substratum and cultured alone or in the presence of rat liver endothelial cells. When hepatocytes were cultured alone in a hormonally defined serum-free medium, decreased albumin production and rapid morphological deterioration of bile canaliculi structures and gap junctions occurred within 4 to 5 days. In contrast, hepatocytes cocultured with liver mesenchymal cells remained morphologically intact and biochemically functional for at least 4 weeks. They reorganized into small islands, continued to secrete high levels of albumin, did not express α-fetoprotein (a fetal marker), and remained strongly dye coupled. All of the hepatocytes synthesized albumin and retained their gap junctional channels. No junctional communication was observed between hepatocytes and endothelial cells. Long fibers containing fibronectin, Type I collagen and laminin distributed over the hepatocytes were induced in coculture but never appeared in hepatocytes cultured alone. Moreover, supplementation of the hormonally defined medium with phenobarbital and dimethyl sulfoxide, both of which improve the life span and functional activities of cultured hepatocytes, failed to induce reticulin fiber formation in pure culture of hepatocytes. The modulation of albumin secretion, biomatrix deposition and junctional communication observed in hepatocytes cultured with sinusoidal liver cells was also obtained when hepatocytes were in association with various epithelial or mesenchymal cells [rat liver epithelial cells (T51B), mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH 3T3), human or rat dermal fibroblasts and bovine aorta endothelial cells (AG 4762)].
THE INFLUENCE OF PHRENOLOGY ON EARLY AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC THOUGHT
Authors: ERIC T. CARLSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

Phrenology, which had its beginnings in the 1790s under Gall, reached the peak of its movement in medicine during the first half of the 19th century. When Spurzheim brought his modified form of this thought to the United States in 1832, he produced a wave of interest which lingered for over a century. Phrenology's maximum influence on American psychiatry occurred in the two decades after the visit, when most of the founders of The American Psychiatric Association showed evidence of phrenological concepts in their thinking about neurophysiology, preventive psychiatry, psychopathology, and psychotherapy.
Benzene: epidemiologic observations of leukemia by cell type and adverse health effects associated with low-level exposure.
Authors: P F Infante, M C White
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Benzene has been known to be a bone marrow poison for almost a century. However, it was not until the last decade that benzene's carcinogenic potential was demonstrated by epidemiologic studies. The proposed regulation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to lower exposure levels of benzene in the workplace, and the court challenges that followed, have made the evidence of benzene toxicity a frequent topic of discussion and analysis. Epidemiologic evidence of leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure is summarized, including a discussion of certain contentions raised during the OSHA hearing. Special attention is given to information on specific cell types of leukemia associated with benzene and to qualitative and quantitative assessments of health risks associated with low-level benzene exposure.
Color, consciousness, and the isomorphism constraint
Authors: Stephen E. Palmer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The relations among consciousness, brain, behavior, and scientific explanation are explored in the domain of color perception. Current scientific knowledge about color similarity, color composition, dimensional structure, unique colors, and color categories is used to assess Locke's “inverted spectrum argument” about the undetectability of color transformations. A symmetry analysis of color space shows that the literal interpretation of this argument – reversing the experience of a rainbow – would not work. Three other color-to-color transformations might work, however, depending on the relevance of certain color categories. The approach is then generalized to examine behavioral detection of arbitrary differences in color experiences, leading to the formulation of a principled distinction, called the “isomorphism constraint,” between what can and cannot be determined about the nature of color experience by objective behavioral means. Finally, the prospects for achieving a biologically based explanation of color experience below the level of isomorphism are considered in light of the limitations of behavioral methods. Within-subject designs using biological interventions hold the greatest promise for scientific progress on consciousness, but objective knowledge of another person's experience appears impossible. The implications of these arguments for functionalism are discussed.
Exercise Improves Postischemic Cardiac Function in Males but Not Females
Authors: Zain Paroo, James V. Haist, Morris Karmazyn, Earl G. Noble
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Exercise is a physiological inducer of the cardioprotective heat shock protein, Hsp70. The putative biological events involved in signaling this response exhibit sexual dimorphism. Thus, it was hypothesized that exercise-mediated induction of Hsp70 would demonstrate sex specificity. After treadmill running, male rats exhibited 2-fold greater levels of cardiac Hsp70 relative to the levels in gonadally intact female rats (P<0.001). Ovariectomized female rats exhibited exercise-mediated induction of Hsp70 similar to that observed for male rats, and estrogen treatment in these female rats reversed this effect (P<0.001). Attenuation of Hsp70 signaling by estrogen was non-receptor-mediated, possibly involving a cellular membrane-stabilizing mechanism of action. The physiological importance of this sex-specific hormone-mediated stress response is underscored by the disparity in functional adaptation in response to exercise between male rats and female rats. Exercise markedly improved postischemic left ventricular developed pressure, the maximal rate of contraction, and maximal rate of relaxation, and it reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in male rats (P<0.001). No such benefit of exercise was observed in intact female rats. A causal role for Hsp70 in this sex-specific cardioprotective adaptation was indicated, inasmuch as ablation of Hsp70 induction with antisense oligonucleotides designed against Hsp70 transcripts attenuated improvement in the recovery of cardiac function in exercised male rats (P<0.05). Thus, the sex-specific hormone-mediated Hsp70 response to exercise results in cardioprotective adaptation, preferentially in male rats relative to female rats. These findings suggest that exercise may be more important for males than for females in defending against the effects of heart disease and offer a novel manner by which males may reduce the sex gap in susceptibility to adverse cardiac events.