tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma lipoproteins in familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: structure of low and high density lipoproteins as revealed by electron microscopy
Authors: Trudy Forte, Kaare R. Norum, John A. Glomset, Alex V. Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The low density lipoproteins (LDL) of d 1.019-1.063 g/ml of patients with familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency show marked heterogeneity when viewed with the electron microscope. At least two types of particles are present, one large and the other small. The large particles predominate in a LDL subfraction of large molecular weight isolated by gel filtration on 2% agarose gel. They appear to be flattened structures with diameters mainly in the range of 900-1200 A. The small particles predominate in a LDL subfraction of smaller molecular weight isolated by filtration on the same type of gel. They are 210-250 A in diameter and are similar to normal LDL in size and shape.
Agreement of Efficacy Assessments for Five Grass Pollen Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT) Tablets in Children and Adolescents with Grass Pollen Rhinoconjunctivitis and with or without Mild Asthma.
Authors: U. Wahn, C. Bauer, L. Agertoft, M. Mélac, M. Le Gall
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Calls for legal abortion come from Northern Ireland
Authors: A Legge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Abortion law in Northern Ireland needs urgent change, said delegates at a meeting organised by the International Planned Parenthood Federation in County Down last week. Over 80 doctors, civil servants, and family planning experts met to discuss options for change at a symposium that aroused angry responses from politicians in Northern Ireland and from antiabortion groups.

Britain's Abortion Act of 1967, allowing women access to legal abortions, does not extend to the province. Most women seeking abortion still have to travel to mainland …
Reversal by methysergide of inhibition of insulin secretion by prostaglandin E in the dog.
Authors: R P Robertson, R J Guest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

These studies were designed to examine whether interrelationships exist between serotonin and prostaglandin E (PGE) during regulation of insulin secretion in dogs in vivo. In our studies serotonin was found to inhibit insulin responses to intravenous glucose. This inhibition was not reversed by complete adrenergic blockade provided through combined phentolamine and propranolol pretreatment. This property of serotonin is similar to that of PGE which also inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion in vivo independently of adrenergic activity. To investigate whether these effects of serotonin and PGE are related, studies with methysergide (a serotonin antagonist) and indomethacin (a PGE synthesis inhibitor) were performed. Methysergide reversed the effects of both PGE and serotonin. In contrast, indomethacin did not diminish the inhibitory effect of serotonin upon insulin secretion. It is hypothesized that endogenous serotonin may play a role in the inhibitory effect of PGE upon insulin secretion in dogs in vivo.
Wider lessons of the pulmonary artery catheter trial
Authors: D. Angus
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Although we demand rigorous scrutiny of the safety and efficacy of new products, clinicians have been slow to evaluate existing practices. This may be human nature—most clinicians pay lip service to the need to scrutinise and optimise current practice but generally believe it is others' practice, and not their own, that is suboptimal. Consequently, observational studies that show differences in outcomes associated with variation in practice are only rarely followed by randomised trials. A trial soon to get underway in British intensive care units is one such exception: from it, the rest of medicine may be able to learn much about having the courage to look within and to seek to practise better medicine.

One reason why it is hard to question existing practice is that clinicians often feel it is unethical to submit a particular aspect of their practice to randomisation, irrespective of the evidence against that practice. But with such a position, how can we ever progress? What is the ethical difference between denying a patient in the control …
TWO CASES OF SO-CALLED GYNAECOMASTIA IN YOUNG BOYS
Authors: H. Ingleby
Journal: BMJ (1919)

GYNAECOMASTIA IN YOUNG BOYS.[ THR Barnsu 63 berpes as a variety of herpes simplex, and as essentially different from herpes zoster; lie says: "1 Buccal herpes is very rare.The mucous membrane of cheeks, palate, and tongue may be involved."He makes no mention of an association with facial palsy or deafness.Osler mentions herpes auricularis, quoting Ramsay Hunt, but makes no mention of buccal herpes.If the eruption on the palate was, as seems probable, due to an affection of the ninth nerve ganglion, perhaps the pain felt behind the ear and the vomiting were due to an involvement of the tenth nerve ganglion, and the pains in the neck to involvement of those of the second and third cervical.The case would thus present a pathological picture of posterior polion,yelitis of a succession of ganglia, the geniculate ganglion affecting both the seventh and eighth nerves, the ganglia on the ninth and tenth cranial nerves, and the posterior root ganglia of the second and third cervical, the infection being most acute in the upper ganglia, and less acute below.REPEBENcns.
Fluorides and Dental Decay
Authors: E. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1972)

if assumptions are made that there are ab- normally high frequencies of the fluoride or silent genes present in these groups.Assum- ing that only the usual (Elu) and atypical (Ela) genes are present, the observed (0) and expected (E) distributions of phenotypes by D.N. number are indicated in my Table.In both patient groups there appears to be selection of marked degree, apparently in favour of heterozygotes or against homozy- gotes.The abnormally high frequency of the Ela gene suggests that the selection is largely against the atypical homozygotes.On this basis the real frequency of this gene in leprosy patients may be much higher than the data suggest.One can merely speculate on the nature of the selection involved but analysis of the data in respect of age of the patients and severity of their disease seems warranted.-I
Atrial Fibrillation: Restoration and Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm and Indications for Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Houtan Golzari
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Purpose: To review the efficacy and safety of electrical and pharmacologic conversion of atrial fibrillation, strategies for maintenance of sinus rhythm, and the importance of antithrombotic therapy. Data Sources: English-language trials were identified from the MEDLINE database through 1995, bibliographic references, Current Contents, textbooks, and recent abstracts. Study Selection: Randomized trials (including abstracts) were selected. Cohort studies were used if randomized trials were not available. Data Extraction: Study design and data were extracted from clinical trials. Statistical analysis of combined data was not appropriate, given the marked variations in study designs and study populations. Data Synthesis: Cardioversion restores sinus rhythm in more than 80% of patients. In atrial fibrillation of recent onset, pharmacologic regimens have a success rate of 40% to 90%. Sinus rhythm at 1 year is maintained in 30% of patients without antiarrhythmic therapy but in 50% of patients with such therapy. The efficacy and safety of antiarrhythmic drugs relative to one another are not established because trials done to date have been small and cases vary. Successful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm are most predictable when the duration of atrial fibrillation is brief. Warfarin reduces the incidence of ischemic strokes and emboli in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from 4.5% to 1.4% per year. Aspirin (325 mg/d) appears to be equally effective in patients younger than 75 years of age who do not have hypertension or a history of thromboembolism or recent heart failure. Although warfarin is more effective than aspirin in preventing embolic strokes in patients older than 75 years of age, it may increase the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke and result in a similar rate of disabling stroke. Conclusion: Cardioversion remains the preferred method with which to re-establish sinus rhythm. Long-term antiarrhythmic therapy is warranted only if recurrences or initial clinical instability are seen; pro-arrhythmic concerns and potential side effects should guide drug selection. Antithrombotic therapy is indicated for all patients older than 60 years of age and in all patients younger than 60 years of age who have clinical evidence of a primary cardiac disorder.
The Gastrocamera in the Diagnosis of Stomach Disease
Authors: Napoleon Carandang
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Three hundred consecutive patients were studied with the gastrocamera and the findings were analyzed. Forty-six ulcers and eight cancers of the stomach were photographed. Only one third of roentgenographically diagnosed antral ulcers were photographed, but 11 gastric ulcers not noted by the radiologist were found. Lesions at the cardia or in the fundus, suspected on x-ray study, were more clearly defined by a complementary gastrocamera examination. Pictures of an ulcer were often decisive in instances where the question of malignancy was raised. Gastritis was the most frequent abnormality of the group with normal findings from x-ray examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. The technique is well tolerated, very safe, and can be performed in a few minutes. The photographs are of excellent quality and provide a permanent record for consultation with colleagues and for a teaching file of gastric pathology.
Low Income and Barriers to Use of Health Services
Authors: Lawrence Bergner, Alonzo S. Yerby
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

IN 1967 Americans made an estimated 850,000,000 visits to physicians — approximately 4 1/2 visits per person for the civilian, noninstitutional population of the United States.§ The cost of these visits, it is estimated, accounted for 25 to 30 per cent of the $48,000,000,000 (6.2 per cent of the Gross National Product) spent on medical care. How can we determine whether this number of visits is adequate or too high or too low?The funds expended on medical care may be viewed as the result of direct competition with other needs. On a national scale the share of funds allocated . . .
Haematemesis and/or Melaena from Peptic Ulcer
Authors: A. Pollard, W. H. J. Summerskill
Journal: BMJ (1960)

DOG-BITESBRrM MEDICAL JOURNAL 171 P. septica, an organism sensitive to penicillin in normal therapeutic doses, was cultured from 12 (17%) wounds.Ten of these became infected, accounting for 50% of infected lesions.Only five other local infections with P. septica following dog-bites have been reported in this country.Routine bacteriological examination of these bites might show that this type of infection is fairly common.Infected bites are characterized by prolonged treatment and unsightly scars.Since many children are bitten by dogs and the bite is commonly received on the face, it is obviously desirable to ensure healing with minimal scarring.There is evidence here to suggest that prophylactic penicillin therapy should be given to all patients with ierious dog-bites and particularly to those whose bites have been sutured.
Die „blinde” Ösophagobiopsie — eine risikoarme Untersuchungsmethode
Authors: W. Rösch, O. Stadelmann, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1969)

In 358 patients a blind esophageal biopsy was performed. There were no major complications compared with the riskless blind gastrobiopsy. The esophagobiopsy technique should be used whenever the clinical symptoms like retrosternal pains or heart burn point to a diffuse alteration of the esophageal mucosa. Therefore a histological proof of a suspected esophagitis is absolutely indicated whenever a patient is supposed to undergo surgery because of esophagitis-symptoms.
Screening for colorectal cancer.
Authors: A Anand, N Anand, A Anand
Journal: Gut (1996)

They have reported on 121 consec- utive cases of acute pancreatitis and the abstract includes the first 62 of these patients.In the 19 patients in whom no cause of acute pancreatitis was found on initial investigation, the authors do not state if these were first or recurrent episodes of pancreatitis.This is obviously important if comparisons are to be made with our study in which we clearly state that we have only studied patients with a first
Calcific Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, DEAN T. MASON, ANDREW G. MORROW, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Seven patients are described in whom calcium deposits occurred in stenotic pulmonary valves. In five the calcific deposits were visible on chest roentgenogram. Survival into adulthood and severe pulmonic stenosis appeared to be the prerequisites for the development of large deposits of calcium in this valve.
COMPARATIVE ANTIRESTENOTIC EFFICACY OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER AND PERMANENT POLYMER DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: THE ANGIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW-UP RESULTS OF THE ISAR-TEST-4 RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: Sebastian F. Kufner, Robert A. Byrne, Stefanie Schulz, Katrin A. Birkmeier, Klaus Tiroch, Susanne Pinieck, Silvia Hurt, Jürgen Pache, Julinda Mehilli, Deutsches Herzzentrum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Two magnetic scanners approved
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The Food and Drug Administration has approved two magnetic resonance scanners, simultaneously opening a new window for the clinician in the diagnosis and management of disease and dumping a problem in the laps of the national health planning agencies. These planning agencies, which include private third-party insurers such as Blue Cross as well as the Health Care Financing Administration, are only now grappling with the problem of whether and under what circumstances they will approve coverage of scans done with magnets instead of roentgenograms. The scanners approved by the FDA's Bureau of Medical Devices are manufactured by Diasonics of Malpitas, Calif, and Technicare of Cleveland. Magnetic scanners have been under study for their potential in clinical practice for the past several years and have evoked a great deal of interest (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1984;251:869-877, 1982;247:151-159,<i>JAMA</i>1982; 247:1331-1334). Besides these two companies, other companies that manufacture similar scanners and are
Whole Body Retention in Rats of Different 191 Pt Compounds Following Inhalation Exposure
Authors: W. Moore, M. Malanchuk, W. Crocker, D. Hysell, A. Cohen, J. F. Stara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The whole body retention, excretion, lung clearance, distribution, and concentration of l9lPt in other tissues was determined in rats following a single inhalation exposure to different chemical forms of 19iPt.The chemical forms of 19iPt used in study were 191PtCI4, 191Pt(SO4)2, '9iPtO, and 19iPt metal.Immediately after exposure most of the 191Pt was found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract.Movement of the i9iPt through the gastroin- testinal tract was rapid, most of the i9iPt being eliminated within 24 hr after exposure.Lung clearance was much slower, with a clearance half-time of about 8 days.In addition to the lungs, kidney and bone contained the highest concentrations of i9iPt.
Abstract 4139: Development of a transcription factor decoy for efficient systemic administration in head and neck cancer
Authors: Malabika Sen, Sufi Mary Thomas, Danith Ly, Srinivas Rapireddy, Jennifer Rubin Grandis
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract This study was aimed to develop a transcription factor decoy for efficient systemic administration in head and neck cancer. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) is upregulated in numerous human cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Small molecules that target STAT3 are limited by lack of specificity. We developed a transcription factor decoy targeting STAT3 consisting of a 15-mer double-stranded oligonucleotide with three phosphorothioate modifications (PTO) at the 3′ and 5′ end of the double-stranded structure. This decoy exhibits antitumor efficacy in preclinical cancer models and is now being tested in a phase 0 human trial with intratumoral inoculation. To enable systemic administration, the STAT3 decoy formulation has been modified to enhance stability and uptake into tumors. A series of chemically modified STAT3 decoys have been designed to increase resistance to nucleases and enhance stability when administered in vivo. These include tetra-nucleotide single stranded DNA sequences (DN4), 18-atom hexa-ethyleneglycol spacers (DS18), and locked nucleic acid (LNA-1) modifications to enhance stability in serum. The modified STAT3 decoys were tested for serum nuclease degradation, melting temperature, binding to pSTAT3 protein, uptake and biologic activity. LNA-1 showed increased half-life of up to 8 h in serum, whereas DN4 is stable up to 4 h, DS18 up to 3 h compared with the parent STAT3 decoy, which is resistant only up to 2 h. The melting temperature demonstrated increased thermal stability for all the modified decoys compared to the parent STAT3 decoy. The DN4, DS18 and LNA-1 modified decoy bound to recombinant STAT3 protein as well as the parent decoy and inhibited head and neck cancer cell proliferation in vitro at nanomolar concentrations. The modified STAT3 decoys (DN4, DS18 and LNA-1) showed increased uptake into head and neck cancer cells similar compared with the parent STAT3 decoy. These modified decoys will be tested for their effect on STAT3 target gene expression and in vivo antitumor efficacy when administered systemically with anticipation of implementing a phase I clinical trial if tumor growth inhibition is observed upon intravenous injection. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4139.
480 EFFECT OF TREATMENT WITH ALBUMIN DIALYSIS (MARS) ON THE VIRAL LOAD IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: B. Merino Rodriguez, M.V. Catalina Rodriguez, M. Salcedo Plaza, D. Rincon Rodriguez, M.C. Solmone, O. Lo Iacono, G. Clemente Ricote, R. Bañares Cañizares
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Influence of a Perfusing Bath on the Foot of the Cardiac Action Potential
Authors: Bradley J. Roth
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —Recently, Spach et al ( Circ Res . 1998;83:1144–1164) measured the transmembrane action potential 150 to 200 μm below the tissue surface during longitudinal and transverse propagation. They found that “during longitudinal propagation there was initial slowing of V m [action potential] foot that resulted in deviations from a simple exponential… ” (p 1144). They attributed this behavior to the effects of capillaries on propagation. The purpose of this commentary is to show that the perfusing bath plays an important role in determining the time course of the action potential foot, even when the transmembrane potential is measured 150 μm below the tissue surface. Using numerical simulations based on the bidomain model, we find that the action potential foot for transverse propagation is nearly exponential (τ foot =314 μs). For longitudinal propagation, the action potential foot is not exponential because of an initial slowing (best-fit τ foot =483 μs). We conclude that the perfusing bath must be taken into account when interpreting data showing differences in the shape of the action potential foot with propagation direction, even if the transmembrane potential is measured 150 μm below the tissue surface. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
A rare opportunity: I saved my father's life
Authors: M Vetpillai
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Fifteen years ago I was working as the only consultant surgeon in a small hospital with basic facilities in the northern part of Sri Lanka. One weekend, after my duties at the hospital, I paid a visit to my parents, who lived close to my hospital. As it was not safe to travel late at night due to the ongoing war at that time, I decided to spend …
The Measure of Symbolic Function in Alexithymic Pain Patients
Authors: L.A. Demers-Desrosiers, K.R. Cohen, R.F.H. Catchlove, R.A. Ramsay
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

The archetypal test with 9 elements (AT9), a tracer of symbolic function, was completed by 30 pain patients in whom alexithymia had been measured by two means: the Beth Israel psychosomatic questionnaire (BIQ) and the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) alexithymia scale. Results show a correlation of adequate statistical significance (p less than 0.05) between the AT9 and the BIQ but not with the MMPI alexithymia scale. The scored AT9 (SAT9) allows one to discriminate between forms and degrees of disorganization in symbolic activity within an alexithymic population. The AT9 measures something central to the construct of alexithymia and its advantages and possibilities over other tools to assess alexithymia are discussed.
Three rules to cut the hype
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Critical appraisal of articles on health published in newspapers is much more difficult than appraisal of papers published in medical journals, mainly because you don't have adequate information. But you also have to consider the spin put on the information by the sources of the story for their own ends, the extra twist added by the journalists to get it past the editor, and the exaggerated words inserted by subeditors to encourage people to read the pieces. By critically appraising the Independent of 2 April—a particularly awful issue—I hope to illustrate some of the principles.

The first question is to ask whether the story emerges from a paper published in a scientific journal. If it does, then you can have more confidence that it is supported by some sort of evidence. You can also track down the original paper. The front page of …
Albumin helps mediate removal of taurocholate by rat liver.
Authors: E L Forker, B A Luxon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Perfused rat liver removes 97% of the taurocholate from the afferent circulation when the perfusate albumin concentration is 0.5 g/dl. Increasing the albumin concentration 10-fold reduces the concentration of free taurocholate by a factor of five but produces only a 50% reduction in the apparent uptake coefficient. A similar discrepancy is evident from a model-independent analysis of the extraction fractions. From these observations we argue that uptake is not driven solely, or even predominantly, by the plasma concentration of free taurocholate but also depends on interaction between albumin and the cell surface. Nonequilibrium binding, saturation kinetics, and an inhomogeneous population of liver cells are considered as alternative explanations and excluded. The possibility that albumin exerts its effect by enhancing the diffusion of taurocholate across an unstirred layer in the Disse space appears improbable but cannot be eliminated.