tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Internal Mammary Artery: The Ideal Coronary Bypass Graft?
Authors: Frank C. Spencer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

An excellent report by Loop et al.1 in this issue of the Journal indicates that longevity is increased when the internal mammary artery rather than the saphenous vein is used in bypass grafts. Evaluating the importance of these data provides an excellent opportunity to review both the background and the future of the mammary artery in coronary bypass operations.Use of the internal mammary artery for coronary artery disease has had a long and checkered history. The Vineberg operation — implantation of the left internal mammary artery into a tunnel of left ventricular muscle (developed around 1950) — first demonstrated . . .
Penicillin-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Curt A. Ries
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A patient with penicillin-induced immune hemolytic anemia had massive intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. Substantial amounts of complement components C3 and C4 were detected on the patient's red blood cells (RBCs), in addition to the usual IgG antibody to penicillin. The patient's serum demonstrated a high titer of antibody to penicillin (8,000), which did not cause hemolysis in vitro, but did cause complement fixation when incubated with normal serum. The presence of complement components on the patient's RBCs, and the finding that the serum fixed complement in vitro suggests that penicillin-antipenicillin immune complexes may have been present in the serum. We attribute the severity of the hemolysis to participation of the complement system in the hemolytic process and to the high titer of antibody to pencillin.
Military Working Dogs May Be A Sentinel for Human Cancer
Authors: Francis X. Mahaney
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Military Working Dogs May Be A Sentinel for Human Cancer Get access Francis X. Mahaney Francis X. Mahaney Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 12, 20 June 1990, Pages 1002–1003, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.12.1002 Published: 20 June 1990
Child Health Care in the United States
Authors: Marsha Fishbane, Barbara Starfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Abstract We compared the care delivered to children by pediatricians and general practitioners, using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS). These two types of physicians provide almost three fourths of all office-based care for children under 15 years old. Pediatricians saw more very young children and fewer adolescents than did general practitioners. They provided more constant care over time and more routine preventive care in all age groups, and they made more diagnoses in children seen for this latter type of care. The distribution of other reasons for visits was the same for both types of physicians. For most of the common presenting problems, pediatricians ordered more laboratory tests but prescribed fewer drugs. The data suggest that general practitioners were more immediately accessible than pediatricians. Although the implications of these findings require further exploration, these differences in the constancy and accessibility of care, frequency of diagnoses made, and costs of commonly ordered laboratory tests may affect the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of children's health care. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:552–6.)
Treatment of haemobilia by selective arterial embolisation.
Authors: E A Fagan, D J Allison, V S Chadwick, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1980)

We report a patient in whom haemobilia occurred after percutaneous liver biopsy. Selective hepatic arteriography showed a fistula between hepatic artery and portal venous system, with appearance of contrast in the biliary tract. Intrahepatic bleeding was stopped by arterial embolisation with a mixture of gelatine foam and sterile dura mater. Cholecytectomy was subsequently required as a haemocholecyst developed. The technique of arteriography and embolisation allows accurate localisation of intrahepatic bleeding sites and may avoid the need for a direct surgical approach to this problem.
Association Between Azithromycin Therapy and Duration of Bacterial Shedding Among Patients With Shiga Toxin–Producing Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104:H4
Authors: Martin Nitschke, Friedhelm Sayk, Christoph Härtel, Rahel Tabea Roseland, Susanne Hauswaldt, Jürgen Steinhoff, Klaus Fellermann, Inge Derad, Peter Wellhöner, Jürgen Büning, Bettina Tiemer, Alexander Katalinic, Jan Rupp, Hendrik Lehnert, Werner Solbach, Johannes K.-M. Knobloch
Journal: JAMA (2012)

An outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (STEC O104:H4) infection with a high incidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) occurred in Germany in May 2011. Antibiotic treatment of STEC infection is discouraged because it might increase the risk of HUS development. However, antibiotic therapy is widely used to treat enteroaggregative E coli infection. In the German outbreak, a substantial number of patients received prophylactic azithromycin treatment as part of a therapeutic regimen with the C5 antibody eculizumab.To analyze the duration of bacterial shedding in patients with STEC infection who did and did not receive oral azithromycin therapy.At a single center in Lübeck, Germany, 65 patients with STEC infection, including patients with HUS as well as STEC-infected outpatients without manifestation of HUS, were investigated between May 15 and July 26, 2011, and were monitored for a mean of 39.3 days after onset of clinical symptoms.Carriage of STEC after azithromycin therapy.Twenty-two patients received oral azithromycin and 43 patients did not receive antibiotic treatment. Among antibiotic-treated patients, long-term STEC carriage (>28 days) was observed in 1 of 22 patients (4.5%; 95% CI, 0%-13.3%) compared with 35 of 43 patients (81.4%; 95% CI, 69.8%-93.0%) who were not treated with antibiotics (P < .001). All 22 patients receiving azithromycin treatment had at least 3 STEC-negative stool specimens after the completion of treatment, and no recurrence of STEC was observed in these patients. As proof of principle, 15 patients who initially were not treated with antibiotics and were long-term STEC carriers were treated with oral azithromycin given for 3 days and subsequently had negative stool specimens.Treatment with azithromycin was associated with a lower frequency of long-term STEC O104:H4 carriage.
Antileukemic activity of rapamycin in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Christian Récher, Odile Beyne-Rauzy, Cécile Demur, Gaëtan Chicanne, Cédric Dos Santos, Véronique Mansat-De Mas, David Benzaquen, Guy Laurent, Françoise Huguet, Bernard Payrastre
Journal: Blood (2004)
Osier and "The Fixed Period": An Addendum
Authors: JEROME M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Many physicians interested in American medical history have heard of William Osler's famous address,  Fixed Period, the title taken from Anthony Trollope's novel of that name, published in 1882. The address, on Feb 22, 1905, was given on Osier's departure from Baltimore for Oxford. 1 In it, Osler said,  The teacher's life should have three periods, study until twenty-five, investigation until forty, profession until sixty, at which age I would have him retired on a double allowance. Whether Anthony Trollope's suggestion of a college and chloroform should be carried out or not I have become a little dubious, as my own time is getting so short.  Osler's candor, humor, and whimsy had to withstand his reputation as a practical joker, and the latter may have played a role in the unwarranted antagonism he stirred up. Newspapers and magazines played up the chloroform theme, often implying it
Cardiac Pulse Generators and Electromagnetic Interference
Authors: William H. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in the environment is a source of potential danger to a patient dependent on a cardiac pulse generator. We exposed a variety of demand pulse generators to a wide range of EMR. Reversion to "fixed rate" and occasionally complete cutoff was observed in several devices at power densities approximating those reported in one large metropolitan area. Practical techniques exist for producing pulse generators that are compatible with today's EMR environment, and steps must be taken by pulse generator manufacturers to reduce the sensitivity of their units.
In situ bioremediation of chlorinated solvents.
Authors: L Semprini
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Chlorinated solvents and their natural transformation products are the most frequently observed groundwater contaminants in the United States. In situ bioremediation using anaerobic or aerobic co-metabolic processes is a promising means of cleaning up contaminated aquifers. Studies show that under natural conditions trichloroethylene can be anaerobically degraded to dichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and ethylene. Pilot scale field studies of in situ aerobic co-metabolic transformations have shown that indigenous microbes grown on phenol are more effective at degrading trichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroethylene than microbes grown on methane. Modeling studies support field observations and indicate that the removal of trichloroethylene and cis-dichloroethylene results from the biostimulation of an indigenous microbial population. Field tests and modeling studies indicate that, at high TCE concentration, degradation becomes stoichiometrically limited.
Electrophysiology of the chemically sympathectomised dog
Authors: D. GODIN, C. GUIMOND, R. A NADEAU, A R. LEBLANC
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

Journal Article Electrophysiology of the chemically sympathectomised dog Get access DIANE GODIN, DIANE GODIN * From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Canada *Holder of a Studentship of the Medical Research Council. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CLAUDE GUIMOND, CLAUDE GUIMOND From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RÉGINALD A NADEAU, RÉGINALD A NADEAU From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A ROBERT LEBLANC A ROBERT LEBLANC From the Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Montréal, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 16, Issue 9, September 1982, Pages 524–529, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/16.9.524 Published: 01 September 1982
Women in Medicine
Authors: Barbara Ogur
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Dr Dimond's COMMENTARY on women in medicine manages so utterly to overgeneralize and depersonalize the situation of women physicians that it makes serious attempts to come to grips with the issues almost impossible. On the one hand, he reduces any role conflict about combining mothering and career to the question of having cash to pay off someone to perform our maternal functions; one wonders if that is the type of mother-child relationship he would have wished for himself or his child. The caring, sharing spouse is certainly a helpful suggestion, but this is not the situation of many women physicians; witness the high divorce rate. Even if marriages stay together, it is often with the woman still in the position of primary responsibility for children and home. And in the rare situation of mutual responsibility, there are the sex role pressures on both partners arising out of
Predictive accuracy of coronary artery calcification and abnormal exercise test for coronary artery disease in asymptomatic men.
Authors: R A Langou, E K Huang, M J Kelley, L S Cohen
Journal: Circulation (1980)

To determine the predictive accuracy of fluoroscopically detected coronary artery calcification (CAC) and a positive submaximal exercise test, 129 asymptomatic men were screened; 13 had both coronary artery calcification and positive exercise test (greater than or equal to 1.0 mm ST-segment depression). These 13 men were studied at coronary arteriography. They had a mean age of 44 years (range 41-56 years); none had history or symptoms of heat disease and all had normal resting ECGs at entry. CAC was detected in one artery in 10 men, in two arteries in two men, and in three arteries in one man. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was considered clinically significant if any major coronary branch was narrowed > 50%. Coronary arteriography revealed 12 men with clinically significant CAD (one-vessel CAD in four, two-vessel CAD in five and three-vessel CAD in three men) and one man with minor one-vessel CAD. The predictive accuracy was 100% for minor CAD and 92% for clinically significant CAD. The location of CAC and CAD correlated, but the absence of CAC did not rule out the presence of CAD at coronary arteriography. Furthermore, CAC did not indicate the location of the highest stenotic (most occlusive) lesions seen at arteriography. Follow-up for the 13 patients was 36 months; three patients developed typical angina and one patient developed a transmural myocardial infarction. This study suggests that the predictive accuracy of CAC and a positive exercise test in the middle-aged non-hyperlipidemic asymptomatic male is very high (100% for CAD and 92% for clinically significant CAD) and that CAC and a positive exercise test predict an early appearance of angina or myocardial infarction in previously asymptomatic men.
Staff at WHO HQ stop work in protest at conditions
Authors: Paul Ress
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Between 400 and 700 staff members at the World Health Organization stopped work for an hour last week, in what the protestors saw as a demonstration about conditions, and in what the director general of the body, Dr Lee Jong-wook, called a “strike.”

Dr Lee said it was “unprecedented in the history of WHO,” and he threatened strikers with loss of pay and “other disciplinary measures which could involve dismissal from WHO.”

He also warned the strikers they could be replaced by transferring staff from …
Access to Medical Care
Authors: B-S Nguyenle-Hieu
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his commentary on "A New Physician Supply Policy," Dr Ginzberg<sup>1</sup>seems to believe that Harlem, NY, will never get physicians, "including black physicians." This remark conveys the impression that if and when Harlem gets a physician, this one would be a black; by the same token, the next physician who moves into a reservation is expected to be a native American. This line of thinking is analogous to the dubiously famous "separate but equal" theory once applied to our education system. Having asked "What happened to the poor and minorities?" he then said that "access to the medical care system is not to be equated with access to private practitioners"; he therefore encouraged the poor and minorities to go to the emergency rooms and/or seek "broader use of nurse practitioners." This approach is no longer "separate but equal" theory but a more pragmatic approach of
A Biochemical, Histological (Light and Electron Microscopy), and Chromosomal Study of a Family with Ehler's-Danlos Syndrome.
Authors: John H. Bland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965A Biochemical, Histological (Light and Electron Microscopy), and Chromosomal Study of a Family with Ehler's-Danlos Syndrome.John H. Bland, M.D., F.A.C.P., Richard L. Lipson, M.D. (Associate), Fred W. Dunihue, M.D., Bert K. Kusserow, M.D., Jackson J. W. Clemmons, M.D., Leah E. WilliamsJohn H. Bland, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Richard L. Lipson, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Fred W. Dunihue, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Bert K. Kusserow, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jackson J. W. Clemmons, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leah E. WilliamsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1087_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThough the Ehler's-Danlos syndrome has a more ancient history than the other genetic disorders of connective tissue, the basic abnormality at a molecular level remains controversial. The present study is a combined biochemical, histological, and chromosomal investigation in four members of a family with Ehler's-Danlos syndrome, a mother and three siblings. They were placed on collagen-free diets for periods of 23 days in 3 patients and 52 days in one patient and the following urinary excretion rates determined daily: hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid, total nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid. Daily osmolality measurements were made. Both hydroxyproline and uronic acid excretion... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Burlington, Vermont PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA distinct variant of the Ehlers-Danlos syndromeArticular manifestations of the Ehlers-Danlos SyndromeVariants of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Clinical, biochemical, haematological, and chromosomal features of 100 patients. 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1087-1087KeywordsChromosomesConnective tissueCreatinineDietElectron microscopyExcretionGenetic diseasesUric acid Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The endothelin system in cardiovascular disease
Authors: D. E Newby, D. J Webb
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Summary</h3> High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for Parkinson disease (PD), essential tremor, and primary dystonia, and is under investigation for several neuropsychiatric diseases. DBS for PD, in the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus interna (GPi), improves tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity, emotional well-being and sleep, and “on” time without dyskinesias, but may not improve axial and cognitive impairment or speech. DBS in motor thalamus may improve or resolve rest, action, and postural tremor. DBS in the GPi results in functional improvement in hyperkinetic greater than tonic aspects of primary and tardive dystonias. Perioperative risks include hemorrhage and stroke (&lt;2%) and infection (∼8%). The benefit/risk ratio may be optimized with individualized patient selection and the use of an experienced surgical team. DBS is expensive and well-placed unilateral ablation therapy has been shown to be efficacious. Bilateral ablations pose an unacceptable risk of speech impairment and disequilibrium.
Legal Aspects of Coronary Disease
Authors: HOWARD B. SPRAGUE
Journal: Circulation (1960)

T HE PATIENT with coronary disease comes into court, or his descendents for him, mainly under 3 major conditions: (1) it is claimed that he has received a personal injury which caused or aggravated his heart disease; (2) his cardiac mischief has been produced or worsened by his employment (Workmen's Compensation); or (3) he is entitled to premature pension payments, gov- ernimental or private, by virtue of an occu- pational hazard to his heart.In a case carried to the Supreme Court of Minnesota which was, however, not a cardiac problem, the Court said "Since we as judges lay no claim to expertness in these matters [the etiology of cancer], we can add nothing to the discussion, nor can we be expected to resolve these conflicts which the medical pro- fession itself has been unable to resolve.Not- withstanding this uneertainty, we think we are bound to treat the opinions of these doc- tors as something more than speculation and conjecture, which are but polite terms for unscientific guesswork."1 And as Larson says " Plainly, the heart cases will continue to be troublesome as long as some reach the appellate courts on a record in which the medical testimony is emphat- ically certain that effort and exertion have nothing whatever to do with coronary throm- bosis, while most such cases are based on the opposite thought."2Thus, the reason for litigation, in the cases of coronary disease, is referred to differenees in opinion within the medical profession.The skepticism of lawyers about medical disagreemeints is illustrated by Lambert's belief that it is best to have adversaries in court rather
Generic Drug Names Required by Massachusetts Law
Authors: Frank N. Allan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

A meeting of the Massachusetts Drug Formulary Commission was held in Boston on June 9 to discuss with members of the Massachusetts Medical Society and others implementation of the new law enacted in 1970 to promote the use of generic drug names by prescribing physicians. The law requires physicians, when prescribing certain drugs by brand names, to include the generic or chemical names of such drugs, and its establishes the Commission to compile an annual formulary.This requirement of physicians applies only to drugs listed in the Formulary. It includes drug products with a single active ingredient. (It was said . . .
Difference in the Relation Between Urinary Albumin Excretion and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Nondiabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Gilles F.H. Diercks, Erik S.G. Stroes, Ad J. van Boven, Arie M. van Roon, Hans L. Hillege, Paul E. de Jong, Andries J. Smit, Rijk O.B. Gans, Harry J.G.M. Crijns, Ton J. Rabelink, Wiek H. van Gilst
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Microalbuminuria is an indicator of an increased cardiovascular risk in diabetic and nondiabetic populations (1,2). Predominantly based on studies in type 2 diabetic populations, it has been suggested that microalbuminuria is an early indicator of atherosclerosis (3). Whether, in nondiabetic subjects, microalbuminuria is an independent indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis or merely a reflection of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors remains a matter of debate (4). Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the relation between urinary albumin …
Medicine: Foster Mother of the Sciences
Authors: Whitfield J. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Colonel Fielding H. Garrison, in an article published more than 35 years ago, presented a long list of physicians who had made important contributions to the sciences.<sup>1</sup>The botanist Linnaeus, the zoologists Erasmus Darwin and Buffon, the chemist Joseph Black, for examples, were trained as physicians. In America, Louis Agassiz and Asa Gray were medical graduates; Joseph Leidy practiced medicine for a short time and as professor of anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania made basic discoveries in anatomy, paleontology, and parasitology; while the brothers John and Joseph Le Conte and their cousin John Lawrence Le Conte, physiciansall, are remembered for their work in physics, geology, and entomology, respectively. Some years after Garrison's article appeared, Phyllis Allen Richmond, studying the research work of American doctors in the 19th century, concluded that "almost half of the American scientists who made significant research contributions during the nineteenth century were physicians."<sup>2</sup>