tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of nitric oxide production by bovine aortic endothelium during hypoxia
Authors: X.-P. Xu, M. A. Tanner, P. R. Myers
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The present study utilized a monoculture of vascular endothelium to: (1) determine if nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased during hypoxia, (2) ascertain if specific prostaglandins were released in response to hypoxia, and (3) determine if cyclo-oxygenase inhibition would modulate hypoxia-induced decreases in NO production. Methods: Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE cells) were grown to confluence on microcarrier beads. NO released in response to the receptor-independent agonist, A23187 calcium ionophore, was directly and continuously measured using a sensitive and specific chemiluminescence method. Cells were exposed to either "hypoxia" (pO2 = 10 mmHg) or "normoxia" (pO2 = 160 mmHg) for 30 min. NO was quantitatively measured with and without indomethacin (1.7 μM) in the incubation medium, and also following incubation with the prostacyclin analog, iloprost. The prostaglandins PGI2 and PGE2 released in response to hypoxia were quantitated using an enzyme immunoassay. Results: Hypoxia significantly decreased NO production, resulting in a 22.8(2.1)% reduction in NO from 94.3(5.3) nmol/μg protein (daring normoxia) to 73.5(2) nmol/μg protein (during hypoxia). Hypoxia significantly stimulated the production of PGI2 and PGE2, in excess of that released in response to A23187 when compared with normoxia. Following cyclo-oxygenase inhibition, the hypoxia-induced decrease in NO production was abolished (0.13 [2.7] % change relative to controls). Furthermore, iloprost (10 nM) directly inhibited NO production. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that ionophore-stimulated NO production is sensitive to oxygen tension, decreasing in response to hypoxia. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis restores NO production during hypoxia, while iloprost directly suppresses NO production. Thus, endothelium-derived prostanoids produced in response to hypoxia may modulate NO production via an autocrine negative feedback mechanism.
TIM-1 and TIM-3 enhancement of Th2 cytokine production by mast cells
Authors: Susumu Nakae, Motoyasu Iikura, Hajime Suto, Hisaya Akiba, Dale T. Umetsu, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Hirohisa Saito, Stephen J. Galli
Journal: Blood (2007)
Subcutaneous Emphysema in a Young Man
Authors: Harry G. Zegel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>History</h3> A healthy 19-year-old man with a prior history of mild asthma, but asymptomatic for the last eight years, had development of a mild upper respiratory tract infection one day before admission. After ingesting ten to 12 aspirin tablets during the early evening for a headache, he became nauseated and vomited several times. He next experienced acute pleuritic substernal chest pain with epigastric radiation and subsequently noted cervical, facial, and thoracic crepitation. He entered the emergency room for evaluation of his headache, moderate abdominal discomfort, and "skin bubbles." Subcutaneous crepitation was noted over his upper thorax and in his facial and cervical areas. Cardiac auscultation revealed "crunching" heart sounds. Abdominal examination demonstrated only mild epigastric tenderness on palpation. His vital signs and the remainder of his physical examination were normal. A routine complete blood cell count and levels for serum electrolytes and serum amylase were unremarkable. Roentgenograms of the chest
Health Is a Community Affair
Authors: Dean W. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Health is essentially a community affair. This premise has been basic to the activities of the National Commission on Community Health Services. The National Commission, which will bring its operations to a conclusion in August 1966, is a private, nonprofit study group established in 1962 by the National Health Council and the American Public Health Association, yet independent of both. It is financed approximately equally from private and public funds. Thirty-two commissioners, representing a cross-section from medicine, business, labor, voluntary groups, government, and other fields, under the chairmanship of Marion B. Folsom, direct its activities. This month, the final report of the Commission was released.  The National Commission was formed because of concerns of those in the field of community health regarding the availability and the accessibility of community health services both today and for the future. There had been revolutions in population distribution, in medical science and technology, in
PATIENTS TREATED WITH PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS WITH BIOSTABLE POLYMER VERSUS BIORESORBABLE POLYMER. LONG-TERM FOLLOW UP
Authors: Carmen Medina-Palomo, Teresa Gil-Jimenez, Luis A. Inigo-Garcia, Leticia Fernandez-Lopez, Juan F. Muñoz-Bellido, Pedro Chinchurreta-Capote, Olga Sanz-Vazquez, Marta Pombo-Jimenez, Juan R. Siles-Rubio, Francisco Ruiz-Mateas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Identification of BRCA1 Germline Mutation, 797delAA, in a Japanese Breast-Ovarian Cancer Patient
Authors: C. M. Schehl, G. K. Ostrander
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1997)

However, as detailed below, the Cockcroft-Gault equation will essentially always yield lower estimates of carboplatin clearance when compared with estimates obtained by the equation of Chatelut et al.The estimate of carboplatin clearance by the method of Chatelut et al. (CL CHAT ) (3) is as follows: CL CHAT = 0.134 W + ͓218 W͑1 -0.00457 A͒͑1 -0.314 S͒] Cr , where W is the weight in kilograms, A is the age in years, S ‫ס‬ 0 if male and S ‫ס‬ 1 if female, and Cr is serum creatinine levels in micromoles per liter.The estimate of carboplatin clearance by the method of Cockcroft and Gault (CL CG ) (2) is as follows: CL CG = ͑140 -A͒ W͑1 -0.15 S͒ ͑720 000ր113͒ Cr + 25, where W, A, S, and Cr are defined as above.1) When S ‫ס‬ 0, i.e., male: CL CHAT -CL CG = ͑0.134W -25͒ + ͓͑217.978-0.9965 A͒ W͔րCr.This is almost always positive.For example: If Cr ‫ס‬ 132.74 mol/L ‫ס(‬ 1.5 mg/dL-maximum in the normal range), and (a) W ‫ס‬ 60 kg, then CL CHAT > CL CG for all A < 181 years.(b) W ‫ס‬ 50 kg, then CL CHAT > CL CG for all A < 170 years.2) When S ‫ס‬ 1, i.e., female: CL CHAT -CL CG = ͑0.134W -25͒ + ͓͑149.5293-0.68357 A͒ W͔րCr.This is almost always positive.For example: If Cr ‫ס‬ 106.19 mol/L ‫ס(‬ 1.2 mg/dL-maximum in the normal range), and (a) W ‫ס‬ 50 kg, then CL CHAT > CL CG for all A < 162 years.(b) W ‫ס‬ 40 kg, then CL CHAT > CL CG for all A < 143 years.Thus, CL CHAT is essentially always greater than CL CG .
Improving Preventive Care Guidelines
Authors: Scott Weingarten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters2 November 1999Improving Preventive Care GuidelinesScott Weingarten, MDScott Weingarten, MDCedars-Sinai Health System; Beverly Hills, CA 90212 (Weingarten)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-9-199911020-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Roach believes that physicians “can and should know” the primary literature behind each topic in preventive medicine. Although I believe that his point is basically valid, there will always be physicians who cannot read and retain all of the primary literature on every topic in internal medicine. I performed a MEDLINE literature search on mammography (using mammography as a subject heading or keyword) and found 11 301 published articles published from 1966 to the present (202 articles were found after I limited the search to randomized, controlled trials). Many physicians will not be able to read and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Health System; Beverly Hills, CA 90212 (Weingarten) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUsing Practice Guideline Compendiums To Provide Better Preventive Care Scott Weingarten Improving Preventive Care Guidelines Keith W. Roach Metrics 2 November 1999Volume 131, Issue 9Page: 715KeywordsInformation technologyMammographyPatientsPreventive medicineSystematic reviews ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 November 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Six1 Overexpression in Mammary Cells Induces Genomic Instability and Is Sufficient for Malignant Transformation
Authors: Ricardo D. Coletta, Kimberly L. Christensen, Douglas S. Micalizzi, Paul Jedlicka, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Heide L. Ford
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Homeoproteins are transcription factors that act as master regulators of development and are frequently dysregulated in cancers. During embryogenesis, the Six1 homeoprotein is essential for the expansion of precursor cell populations that give rise to muscle and kidney, among other organs. Six1 overexpression is observed in numerous cancers, resulting in increased proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Here, we investigate whether Six1 can play a causal role in mammary tumor initiation. We show that Six1 overexpression in MCF12A mammary epithelial cells promotes multiple properties associated with malignant transformation, including increased proliferation, genomic instability, and anchorage-independent growth. We further show that this transformation is dependent on up-regulation of its transcriptional target, cyclin A1, which is normally expressed in the embryonic mammary gland but dramatically reduced in the adult gland. Six1-transformed MCF12A cells are tumorigenic in nude mice, forming aggressive tumors that are locally invasive and exhibit peritumoral lymphovascular invasion. In human breast carcinomas, expression of Six1 and cyclin A1 mRNA correlate strongly with each other (P < 0.0001), and expression of Six1 and cyclin A1 each correlate with Ki67, a marker of proliferation (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.014, respectively). Together, our data indicate that Six1 overexpression is sufficient for malignant transformation of immortalized, nontumorigenic mammary epithelial cells, and suggest that the mechanism of this transformation involves inappropriate reexpression of cyclin A1 in the adult mammary gland.
Pathogenesis of “Idiopathic” Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Eberhard Ritz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

In this issue of the Journal, Dantal et al. report the remarkable observation that the removal of serum proteins by adsorption to protein A Sepharose led to remission of proteinuria in patients with recurrences of the nephrotic syndrome after transplantation1. The conclusion that the remissions were due to the removal of a culprit substance is strengthened by the finding that eluates from the protein A Sepharose caused proteinuria in rats. Protein A Sepharose was presumably chosen to adsorb immunoglobulins; the serendipitous finding of the role of a substance thought not to be an immunoglobulin demonstrates that the intelligent pursuit . . .
AIDS in Post-Communist Russia and Its Successor States
Authors: Seth Berkley
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The author's declared purpose for this book is to provide Western specialists and the general reader alike with a greater awareness of the extent of the HIV/AIDS problem in the Post Communist Russia and her successor states. This he does. It is unfortunate, however, that the book has been directed to those in the West, as I am sure some of the detailed review of policies and historical contexts would be useful reading for those involved with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the former socialist economies. For those in the West, however, I suspect that technical specialists will find the book lacking in discussion of some of the key issues of importance, and general readers will find it too detailed for their tastes. The overall story line is one we have seen repeated too many times during this epidemic: a country, Russia, starts in
Restraint should be last resort for violent behaviour
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rapid tranquillisation and physical restraint should be considered for use in patients with disturbed or violent behaviour only when other strategies have failed, say guidelines published this week for the NHS in England and Wales.

The guidance recommends that short term measures for managing disturbed or violent behaviour in psychiatric inpatient settings and accident and emergency departments should be based on comprehensive risk assessment and risk management. All mental health service providers should ensure that their services have a full risk management strategy for assessing risk and preventing violence. This should include measures to calm down a potentially violent situation and intervene safely when violence occurs.

Rapid tranquillisation, physical restraint, and seclusion should be considered only after these measures have failed to calm the service user, the guidance warns. The intervention selected must be a reasonable and proportionate response to the risk posed by …
Recombinant DNA sequences generated by PCR amplification
Authors: R. D. Bradley, D. M. Hillis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has greatly enhanced the field of molecular biology by making numerous regions of the genome (coding and noncoding), in both extant and extinct taxa, accessible for detailed analysis. PCR is especially well suited for applications in systematic biology because conserved regions that flank variable portions of the genome can be used as primer sites for the amplification and sequencing of variable regions from a wide variety of species (see Palumbi 1996). In addition, PCR has been used successfully to examine polymorphisms within populations. Although many advantages are offered by PCR, the technique is not error-free. In fact, the replication-like process that drives PCR can lead to erroneously amplified products. For example, recombinant amplification products (Saiki et al. 1988; Scharf 1990) can be produced in vitro when amplifying elements of multi-gene families. Thus, the amplified product may not represent a sequence that actually exists in a single continuous stretch of DNA within any organism. Although this phenomenon was reported shortly after the development of PCR, it appears to be poorly known by many evolutionary biologists who use PCR in studies of gene evolution. Here we show that in vitro recombination also can occur when amplifying alleles of single-gene loci in heterozygous individuals, and that recombination frequency can vary as a function of using different polymerases in the extension step of PCR. In vitro recombination occurs when DNA polymerases incompletely extend a segment of DNA and the partially amplified sequence acts as a primer during subsequent amplification cycles (fig. 1). If the partially amplified segment hybridizes to an alternative form of a template strand, then subsequent PCR products will be recombinants of the two original template sequences. Partial amplification is most likely to occur when polymerases pause or prematurely disassociate from the template strand during the extension reaction, although the recombination may also be enhanced by short extension cycles or long amplifications. Although this phenomenon was initially identified in amplification of multi-gene families (Scharf, Long, and Erlich 1988; Scharf et al. 1988), we identified products of in vitro recombination in pocket gophers (Geomys) that were heterozygous for the alcohol dehydrogenase1 (Adh1) locus (Bradley et al. 1993). This experiment was designed to determine the DNA sequences of three Adh1 alleles (designated K, M, and N) that had been identified from allozyme studies. Initially, we determined the sequences of
Selection of New Techniques for Hemostasis - Comparative Study in a Small Number of Cases
Authors: Keiichi Kawai, Yuzo Akasaka, Kyohei Hayashi
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The selection of endoscopic techniques for emergency treatment is controversial. Already 13 years have passed since we employed electrocoagulation with a unipolar electrode to treat upper GI bleeding. After trying out many new methods, laser beam coagulation, bipolar electrocoagulation, and alcohol injection were developed. However, there are few reports of a real comparative study on their efficacy from the view point of scientific analysis. Most publications base the claims for their efficacy on impressions gained in small numbers of patients. Further problems remain with regard to the question of cost effectiveness. To clarify this fundamental comparative problem, we have analyzed two approaches for accomplishing hemostasis
Biologic Behavior of Breast Cancers
Authors: Dorothea R. Peck
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In an analysis of survival curves, Maurice S. Fox, PhD (241:489, 1979), suggests the existence of two populations of women treated for breast cancer: 40% suffering a fatal outcome unaffected by therapy, while the other 60% show a mortality not appreciably different from that of similar women with no breast cancer. He believes that the lesions in these two groups may not be distinguishable histologically, but their biologic behavior is extremely different. This certainly suggests the need for more basic research to determine in cancers of identical histological characteristics those that are biologically benign and those that are biologically malignant. Estrogen receptor assays do not seem to provide this differentiation. Possible future research oriented toward this differentiation could continue the work of Harry S. N. Greene, MD. Dr Greene transplanted tumors to the anterior chambers of guinea pigs' eyes, and his experiments could determine the aggressiveness of
Mechanism of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Zev M. Sthoeger, Dalia Sthoeger, Mordechai Shtalrid, Erica Sigler, David Geltner, Alain Berrebi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant clonal expansion of CD5+B lymphocytes. The CD5+B lymphocytes have been postulated to produce autoantibodies. CLL patients may demonstrate features of autoimmunity including autoimmune hemolytic anemia. However, the origin of the autoantibodies causing the hemolysis is not clear. The present studies were performed to determine whether these autoantibodies are the products of the neoplastic B‐CLL clones. Immunoglobulins (Ig) were eluted from washed red blood cells (RBC) obtained from two CLL patients at the time they had autoimmune (DAT‐direct antiglobulin test ‐ positive) hemolytic anemia. The light chain phenotypes of these eluted autoantibodies were determined and found to be monotypic with exact correlation to the light chain expressed on the surface of the B‐CLL clones. Elutions from RBC of DAT negative patients or normal volunteers failed to demonstrate measurable amounts of Ig. In contrast, Ig eluted from RBC obtained from SLE patients with DAT positive hemolytic anemia found to be polyclonal autoantibodies exhibiting both light chain types. Furthermore, CD5+B lymphocytes obtained from the same two CLL patients (DAT+) produce, in vitro understimulation with phorbal myristate acetate (PMA), monoclonal antibodies which react and bind to RBC. Thus these studies provide direct evidence demonstrating that the antibodies causing the autoimmune hemolytic anemia in our two CLL patients are the products of the B‐CLL neoplastic clones.
Local Generation of C-Reactive Protein in Diseased Coronary Artery Venous Bypass Grafts and Normal Vascular Tissue
Authors: Wolfram J. Jabs, Elisabeth Theissing, Martin Nitschke, J.F. Matthias Bechtel, Michael Duchrow, Salah Mohamed, Bernhard Jahrbeck, Hans-Hinrich Sievers, Jürgen Steinhoff, Claus Bartels
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Venous coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) are prone to accelerated atherosclerosis. In atherosclerotic diseases, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have become an important diagnostic and prognostic marker. The origin of CRP in this setting remains to be elucidated.Monoclonal anti-CRP identified CRP expression in medial and intimal alpha-actin-positive smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of diseased CABGs with type V and VI lesions and also of native saphenous veins of atherosclerotic individuals. In addition, patent coronary arteries with type IV and V but not with type I through III lesions exhibited intense SMC staining for CRP. Calcified desobliterates of occluded coronary arteries with end-stage disease did not show SMC staining for CRP and were consistently negative for CRP mRNA, as detected by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction. However, CRP mRNA was expressed in 11 of 15 diseased CABGs and also in 10 of 15 native veins. By contrast, only 3 of 18 internal mammary and 4 of 12 radial arteries with virtually no atherosclerosis were positive for CRP mRNA.CRP is produced by SMCs of atherosclerotic lesions with active disease but not in end-stage plaques. The role of CRP constitutively expressed by normal vascular tissue in vein graft disease has yet to be elucidated.
Letter: Thyrotoxicosis induced by iodine in food.
Authors: P Wahlberg
Journal: BMJ (1976)

protocol so that the collective experience of many institutions will contribute to the further understanding and better management of such cases.Much more needs to be known if women with renal transplants are to be carefully selected to enjoy pregnancy and parenthood with maximum benefit to themselves and their offspring.We doubt, however, if a decision to undertake a transplant should ever be based on a desire for parenthood.
Federal Proficiency Testing Requirements Set to Start for Physician Office Laboratories
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

CLIA 88 is coming soon to an office very near you. A new video about a sexy piano player? No—the catchy acronym for the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 refers to federal legislation (elements of which take effect on Jan 1, 1990) that will have an impact on every setting in the United States in which human specimens are tested for diagnostic, treatment, or other purposes spelled out in the law.  Previously, only laboratories involved in Medicare or interstate testing were subject to federal regulation. Now, in addition to hospitals and reference laboratories, every physician in the United States who performs clinical tests—and one fourth of all such tests in this country are done in offices—will be subject to regulations currently being drawn up at the direction of Congress by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). Whether or not a given physician receives reimbursement from Medicare or Medicaid is
Primary infection of Japanese infants with adult T-cell leukaemia-associated retrovirus (ATLV): Evidence for viral transmission from mothers to children
Authors: Shiro Nakano, Yoshiya Ando, Kensuke Saito, Ikuko Moriyama, Motohiko Ichijo, Takenori Toyama, Kazuo Sugamura, Joko Imai, Yorio Hinuma
Journal: Journal of Infection (1986)