tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deregulation of the expression of the fractalkine/fractalkine receptor complex in HIV-1–infected patients
Authors: Arnaud Foussat, Laurence Bouchet-Delbos, Dominique Berrebi, Ingrid Durand-Gasselin, Aurore Coulomb-L'Hermine, Roman Krzysiek, Pierre Galanaud, Yves Levy, Dominique Emilie
Journal: Blood (2001)
The man who walks backwards
Authors: N. Quinn, K. Bhatia
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

We entirely agree with Dr Brown and Professor Peet (March 2002 JRSM1) that the backward walking by their dystonic patient who subsequently developed psychosis was unrelated to his psychosis per se. Walking backwards in preference to forwards can be a feature of dystonia, whether primary (their patient initially had torticollis and later truncal torsion) or secondary (he was treated with neuroleptics, which may have caused superadded tardive dystonia). It is one of the many manifestations of ‘task-specificity’ that in the past caused dystonia and other movement disorders to be mislabelled psychogenic. Unfortunately this can still happen. The list includes not only patients with dystonia but also patients with Parkinson's disease who may be able to run up and down stairs but not walk on the flat, and patients with orthostatic tremor who are unable to stand still but have to keep moving like the white rabbit. The precise reasons for these disparities are not understood, but they are very strong pointers to organic extrapyramidal disease.
Abstract 2788: GTx-230: an orally available novel tubulin inhibitor that disrupts tumor vasculature and displays single-agent antitumor efficacy in multidrug-resistant prostate cancer with less neurotoxicity
Authors: Sunjoo Ahn, Chien-Ming Li, Christina M. Barrett, Jianjun Chen, Wei Li, Yan Lu, Duane D. Miller, James T. Dalton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A novel indole antimitotic compound, GTx-230, was identified in cell-based screening assays that binds to the colchicine site in tubulin and destabilizes microtubules. In this study, the pharmacokinetics, antitumor efficacy, neurotoxicity, and vascular disrupting ability of GTx-230 were evaluated. GTx-230 inhibited the in vitro growth of a number of human cancer cell lines including DU-145, LNCaP, PC-3, and PPC-1 prostate cancer cells with low nanomolar IC50 values. Following a 10 mg/kg intravenous (i.v.) dose to mice, the plasma clearance (CL), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss), and terminal half-life (T1/2) of GTx-230 were 19 ml/min/kg, 2.9 l/kg, and 1.7 h, respectively. Oral bioavailability of GTx-230 was 36% in mice. In vivo, GTx-230 (6.7 mg/kg, qd, p.o.) was effective with near 100% tumor growth inhibition in xenograft models using PC-3/TXR cells over-expressing P-glycoprotein. In contrast, docetaxel, a known antimitotic agent, was not effective in the PC-3/TXR xenograft model. In vivo studies of mouse performance on an accelerating rotarod and hotplate showed that GTx-230 did not induce any symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. In addition, we evaluated the effect of GTx-230 on in vitro vascular permeability using a transwell system with confluent HUVEC monolayers. GTx-230 resulted in increased permeability after 1 h incubation and showed potency similar to CA4. In summary, the potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of GTx-230 suggest that it may represent a new antimitotic agent for management of solid malignancies, particularly for patients with drug resistant cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2788. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2788
Why Did the FDA Approve These Advertisements?
Authors: David Oaks
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

I would like to thank PLoS Medicine for publishing Lacasse and Leo's important and methodical Essay that debunks the "chemical imbalance" advertisements for psychiatric drugs [1].Why would the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approve such ads?Our human rights group, MindFreedom International, has been asking that question for a long time.On behalf of MindFreedom, US Senator Ron Wyden contacted the FDA for an explanation about why they approve such advertising.In their responsewhich took over one year to receive-the FDA could cite no scientifi c literature or studies.It turns out there's a good reason that the FDA can't fi nd any scientifi c evidence for the claims of a "chemical imbalance" in these ads: the scientifi c evidence in support of the serotonin hypothesis is very weak.Readers who would like more information about the psychiatric industry's advertising suggesting a "chemical imbalance" in depression may be interested in the following:(1) MindFreedom's debate with Pfi zer, manufacturer of Zoloft, available at http:⁄⁄www.mindfreedom.org/mindfreedom/pfi zerlies.shtml,and (2) a historic debate with the American Psychiatric Association resulting from MindFreedom's 2003 hunger strike, available at http:⁄⁄www.mindfreedom.org/mindfreedom/hungerstrike.shtml
Final guidance issued on Herceptin after appeal rejected
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued its final guidance to English and Welsh health service trusts for the use of trastuzumab (Herceptin) for the treatment of early stage breast cancer in women with HER2 positive disease and free of heart disease. The final guidance is based on an initial draft published earlier this year ( BMJ 2006; 332: 1409). It recommends that:
Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension — The Next Generation
Authors: John H. Newman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Primary pulmonary hypertension predominantly affects women, frequently in the prime of life, and usually leads to death from right ventricular failure within a few years after diagnosis. It is a vascular disease but is oddly confined to the small pulmonary arterioles, where intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy lead sequentially to vascular obstruction, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular overload. Coagulation at the endothelial surface contributes to obstruction, and thromboembolism may occur as a secondary event. The right ventricle compensates through hypertrophy, and although it can sustain function at high pressures for months to years, decompensation is ultimately . . .
Memorable patients: The social admission and the considerate consultant
Authors: S. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Fifteen years ago I was a house officer on one of the first medical units to be integrated between general and geriatric medicine. The “take” had been busy and on the post take ward round I had several interesting cases to present to the professor. One of the least interesting was an 80 year old woman I had seen briefly the evening before. I told the professor that she was an elderly lady who was really a social admission. She had been living with her family who were having difficulty coping, and she had been admitted temporarily while her social circumstances were being …
Molecular pathogenesis and clinical variability of β‐thalassemia syndromes among Indians
Authors: Anita Nadkarni, A.C. Gorakshakar, C.Y. Lu, R. Krishnamoorthy, K. Ghosh, Roshan Colah, Dipika Mohanty
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Sixty‐four homozygous β‐thalassemia patients comprising 40 patients with β‐thalassemia major and 24 patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia were investigated for the nature of their β‐thalassemia mutations, associated α‐thalassemia, and Xmn I polymorphism in the gamma gene which are known to affect the clinical course of the disease. This study was undertaken to look for the contribution of these associated factors in reducing the clinical severity of homozygous β‐thalassemia from a severe disease to a β‐thalassemia intermedia phenotype. Clinical severity of these patients was assessed by the degree of transfusion dependency and the age at which the patient presented with symptoms. Globin chain synthetic ratio was taken as the biochemical pointer of severity of the disease. Eleven different β‐thalassemia mutations were encountered among 128 β‐thalassemia chromosomes. It was observed that the nature of the β‐thalassemia mutations was not very different between the β‐thalassemia major and β‐thalassemia intermedia groups in our patients, but co‐inheritance of one or more α‐globin gene deletions (−α 3.7 ) and the presence of the Xmn I polymorphism were associated with lesser severity of the disease in Indians. Am. J. Hematol. 68:75–80, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: William A. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The risk of missing diabetic retinopathy and, particularly, proliferative retinopathy by the primary physician is high, as pointed out by Sussman et al (1982;247:3231). A poll of well-trained internists caring for diabetics in my state convinces me that less than 10% of primary care physicians perform adequate funduscopic examination through dilated pupils on a regular basis. Prevention of blindness depends on referral of the diabetic patient before vision is lost. It would be helpful to have a simple test to supplement the funduscopic examination to recognize patients at risk. The striking association of increased capillary fragility and diabetic retinopathy was reported in 1948 1 but has almost been forgotten since. I could find only two subsequent articles on the subject. Professor Donald Beaven of the Christchurch Clinical School (New Zealand) found a high correlation between a positive tourniquet test result and the presence of diabetic retinopathy using fluorescein
Wrong side surgery—the “code of silence”
Authors: Wai Pui Ng
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I first encountered the “code of silence” as a medical student when I witnessed a burr hole made on the wrong side of the head. The embarrassed consultant mumbled something sheepishly, and the incident was never mentioned again. In my subsequent years of training, I observed several more wrong side errors. The consultants seldom acknowledged these mishaps, and the code …
Serum carbenoxolone in patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer: Absorption, efficacy and side-effects.
Authors: J H Baron, J N Gribble, C Rhodes, P A Wright
Journal: Gut (1978)

The absorption of carbenoxolone sodium has been studied in 15 patients with gastric ulcer and eight patients with duodenal ulcer treated for four weeks. Blood levels of carbenoxolone showed a log distribution, varied markedly between patients, and were significantly higher after Biogastrone tablets (300 mg/day) than after Duogastrone capsules (200 mg/day). Serum carbenoxolone levels were similar in patients taking Biogastrone tablets before or after meals, and in patients taking Biogastrone tablets or Duogastrone capsules with or without antacids following chronic administration. Serum carbenoxolone levels were similar in patients whose gastric ulcers had or had not healed after four weeks9 treatment. Serum carbenoxolone was significantly higher in patients who developed oedema, and was significantly correlated with age and with fall in plasma potassium. Carbenoxolone may exert its metabolic effects systemically, but its ulcer-healing effects topically; additional studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Bone marrow stromal cells from multiple myeloma patients uniquely induce bortezomib resistant NF-κB activity in myeloma cells
Authors: Stephanie Markovina, Natalie S Callander, Shelby L O'Connor, Guangwu Xu, Yufang Shi, Catherine P Leith, KyungMann Kim, Parul Trivedi, Jaehyup Kim, Peiman Hematti, Shigeki Miyamoto
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Components of the microenvironment such as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are well known to support multiple myeloma (MM) disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy including the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. However, functional distinctions between BMSCs in MM patients and those in disease-free marrow are not completely understood. We and other investigators have recently reported that NF-κB activity in primary MM cells is largely resistant to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, and that further enhancement of NF-κB by BMSCs is similarly resistant to bortezomib and may mediate resistance to this therapy. The mediating factor(s) of this bortezomib-resistant NF-κB activity is induced by BMSCs is not currently understood. Results Here we report that BMSCs specifically derived from MM patients are capable of further activating bortezomib-resistant NF-κB activity in MM cells. This induced activity is mediated by soluble proteinaceous factors secreted by MM BMSCs. Among the multiple factors evaluated, interleukin-8 was secreted by BMSCs from MM patients at significantly higher levels compared to those from non-MM sources, and we found that IL-8 contributes to BMSC-induced NF-κB activity. Conclusions BMSCs from MM patients uniquely enhance constitutive NF-κB activity in MM cells via a proteinaceous secreted factor in part in conjunction with IL-8. Since NF-κB is known to potentiate MM cell survival and confer resistance to drugs including bortezomib, further identification of the NF-κB activating factors produced specifically by MM-derived BMSCs may provide a novel biomarker and/or drug target for the treatment of this commonly fatal disease.
Magnetic resonance imaging is useful
Authors: I A Simpson, D J Delany, S A Livesey, B C Ogilvie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—We take issue with Adrian P Banning and colleagues' opinion that transoesophageal echocardiography is the investigation of choice in acute dissection of the thoracic aorta.1 We agree that early and accurate diagnosis is essential if patients are to be offered the benefits of surgery for a type A dissection. To this end patients should be transferred rapidly to a regional cardiothoracic unit, where a …
P3-12-05: Breast Cancer Recurrence: 2nd Conservative Treatment Versus Mastectomy.
Authors: V Michel, G Houvenaeghel, M Bannier, A Tallet, M Minsat, E Lambaudie, N Salem, M Butarelli, M Resbeut
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Objectives: Mastectomy (Mt) is considered standard treatment for isolated local recurrence (LR) of breast carcinoma. The aim of our study was to evaluate a second conservative treatment (defined as lumpectomy followed by interstitial brachytherapy (LpIB)) and to determine if it compares favorably with the current standard treatment. Materials and methods: Between January 1981 and December 2009, 348 patients were treated to the Paoli Calmettes Institute (IPC) for an isolated LR: 232 (66,7 %) underwent Mt, 62 (17,8 %) received a second radio-surgical conservative treatment (LpIB) and 54 (15,5 %) a 2nd single surgical treatment (Lp). We classified each population according to the well known prognosis factors. Then, populations Mt and LpIB were matched taking into account these criteria to compare the overall survival (OS), metastasis free survival (MFS) and 2nd local recurrence free survival according to the treatment delivered. Results: On 348 reviewed patients, with a median follow-up of 73,3 months, 65 patients died (42/232 Mt, 8/62 TecCur, 15/54 Tec) and 100 presented metastasis (64/232 Mt, 15/62 TecCur, 21/54 Tec). There was no difference in MFS for the 2 groups, LpIB and Mt (80 % at 5 years) and the OS was non significantly better in the group LpIB compared to the group Mt (90 % and 82 % at 5 years respectively, p=0,28), whereas in the LpIB group 17% and 30% presented a relapse at 5 years and 10 years respectively. They subsequently underwent a salvage mastectomy. Worse results were obtained with lumpectomy alone (OS = 72 % and MFS = 68 % at 5 years) compared with 2 other option treatments. Conclusion: A second conservative treatment for breast cancer recurrence, i.e. lumpectomy and interstitial brachytherapy, is possible for selected patients, without any negative impact on overall survival, nor metastasis free survival. Keywords: Local recurrence, interstitial brachytherapy, lumpectomy, conservative treatment, mastectomy, overall survival, metastasis free survival, breast carcinoma. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-05.
Elizabeth Blackwell and the "Medical Register" from 1858
Authors: A. Gillie
Journal: BMJ (1958)

It was 100 years ago, in 1858, that Elizabeth Blackwell returned to this, her own country, as a qualified medi- cal practitioner from the United States of America, and thereby fitted herself for inclusion in the first Medical Register, published in 1859, as a doctor of foreign quali- fication but practising in this country.It is true that no woman trained and qualified in Great Britain was to be registered for another eight years, but the influence in this country of that indomitable yet so gentle woman dates from the year 1858. Her FamilyElizabeth Blackwell was the third of eight surviving children of Samuel and Hannah Blackwell, and was born in 1821 in Bristol.Her father was established there as a sugar refiner, though he was born and reared in Worcester, and a contemporary of our founder,
A detrimental mitochondrial-nuclear interaction causes cytoplasmic male sterility in rice
Authors: Dangping Luo, Hong Xu, Zhenlan Liu, Jingxin Guo, Heying Li, Letian Chen, Ce Fang, Qunyu Zhang, Mei Bai, Nan Yao, Hong Wu, Hao Wu, Chonghui Ji, Huiqi Zheng, Yuanling Chen, Shan Ye, Xiaoyu Li, Xiucai Zhao, Riqing Li, Yao-Guang Liu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Clinical Vectorcardiography and Electrocardiography
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1961)

It is customary when reviewing a book on electrocardiography to use the opening gambit that "still another book has been added to an already overcrowded field." It is a pleasure to say that this book deserves to be added to an overcrowded field, and that it can be highly recommended. The authors succeed in fulfilling the obligations indicated by the title, and this excellent book correlates loop electrocardiography and classic linear electrocardiography. In terms of its context, there is little to criticize in this book. The vectorcardiograms are practically all recorded with use of the cube system, and it is possible that the authors will, in a second edition, find themselves changing to a corrected orthogonal system. The index of the book is not satisfactory in that such words and phrases as hypertrophy, atrial repolarization, unidirectional block, and block are not in the index. The book could be materially improved
782-3 Rotational Atherectomy vs. Excimer Laser Angioplasty: A Multi-variable Analysis of Early and Late Procedural Outcome
Authors: Gaston R. Dussaillant, Jeffrey J. Popma, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Ya Chien Chuang, Theresa A. Bucher, Benjamin Kleiber, Anand Desai, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Minimizing cicatricial pemphigoid orodynia with minocycline
Authors: L. POSKITT, F. WOJNAROWSKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Cicatricial pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune blistering disease of the elderly. It predominantly affects the mucosae, causing pain and scarring. the target antigen is within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone. Potential complications of systemic steroid and other immunosuppressive therapy have prompted trials of other means of treatment. We describe a series of seven patients treated with minocycline, six of whom derived sustained alleviation of orodynia. Four patients developed hyperpigmentation, and two complained of gastrointestinal discomfort which necessitated cessation of minocycline. Complete steroid withdrawal was achieved in two cases. Neither the disease progression nor the response to treatment was influenced by the immunoglobulin isotype or titre. The role of minocycline as a useful adjunct to therapy is discussed.
818 PRECLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GSK2485852, A NOVEL HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR
Authors: C. Voitenleitner, R. Crosby, A. Wang, J. Bechtel, M. Xie, J. Pouliot, E. Woldu, S. Van Horn, J. Horton, K. Creech, L. Caballo, J. Shotwell, A. Spaltenstein, Z. Hong, R. Hamatake
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Nodular sclerotic change in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: a potential diagnostic problem
Authors: H. Hattori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Nodular sclerotic change in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is not a well-recognized event. Sclerotic change is reported in three patients with DFSP: a 33-year-old woman with a left subclavian mass, a 29-year-old woman with a mass on the left crus and a 31-year-old man with a mass on the left cheek. Histologically, lesions consisted of two types of feature, one type being typical of DFSP and the other being rich in collagen. In the first patient, each type formed a distinct compartment, each of which contained scattered cells containing melanin pigment. In the second patient, foci with typical DFSP histology were distributed within the collagen-rich area and also formed a substantial compartment in the periphery of the lesion, with pigmented cells being distributed mainly in and around the cellular area. In the third patient, the collagenous area occupied about half of the lesion. There was no pigmentation. In all three cases the collagen-rich area contained sparsely distributed fibroblast-like cells that stained positive with CD34. Sclerotic change in DFSP could cause substantial difficulty in diagnosis if the biopsy material were partial and small. The clinical history and knowledge about the existence of this kind of histological variation in DFSP are important.
Morphological effects of nitrogen dioxide on the rat lung.
Authors: Y Hayashi, T Kohno, H Ohwada
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Morphological studies of the rat lung exposed to 20 ppm NO2 for 20 hr (experiment 1), to 0.5 ppm for 19 months (experiment 2), and to 10 ppm for 14 days (experiment 3) were conducted. Changes in the mast cells of the tracheas and main bronchi of rats exposed to 0.5 ppm (experiment 4) were also observed. In the alveolus, cytoplasmic blebbing occurred in a small number of type I cells immediately after exposure to 20 ppm NO2 for 20 hr, and remarkable vacuolar change was observed 3 days after 10 ppm exposure. Exposure to 0.5 ppm did not cause degeneration. Swelling and hyperplasia of type II cells were observed. The cells gradually became flat and began a transition from type II to type I cells. These intermediate-type cells were noticed in experiments 1 and 2, but no intermediate-type cells were found in experiment 3. In each experiment, pinocytotic vesicles of endothelial cells in capillaries, followed by interstitial edema in the alveolar walls, were observed. In addition to these changes, desquamation of endothelium and widening of the endothelial junction of endothelial cells occurred in experiment 3. The early changes observed in the animals exposed to 0.5 ppm NO2 were the numerical and histochemical changes of mast cells in the trachea and main bronchus.