tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Doppler blood velocity measurements from aorta and radial artery in normal human subjects
Authors: R. C TARGETT, B. LEVY, A. BARDOU, M. B McILROY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

We used two independent, pulsed, range-gated, ultrasonic, Doppler blood velocity meters to record blood velocities in the aorta and a peripheral artery in 32 normal subjects aged 8 to 62 years. Aortic signals were obtained from an unfocussed transducer in the suprasternal notch using a 2.25 MHz instrument. Simultaneous tracings were obtained from the radial or posterior tibial artery using an 8 MHz instrument. The audio Doppler signals were subjected to spectral analysis and mean velocity was calculated at 5 ms intervals during 11 successive heart beats at each site. The increase in mean velocity at the start of systole in the aorta followed a linear pattern for the first 45 ms of ejection in two thirds of the beats, irrespective of the age or size of the subject. A similar linear velocity increase in early systole was seen in the peripheral arterial signals after a delay due to the time taken for the flow wave to pass to the periphery. Thus the constant acceleration seen in aortic blood velocity tracings is transmitted to peripheral arteries in an attenuated and delayed but undistorted form.
The glucocorticoid receptor heterocomplex gene STIP1 is associated with improved lung function in asthmatic subjects treated with inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Gregory A. Hawkins, Ross Lazarus, Richard S. Smith, Kelan G. Tantisira, Deborah A. Meyers, Stephen P. Peters, Scott T. Weiss, Eugene R. Bleecker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
A Case of Racism and Reconciliation
Authors: Damon S. Tweedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

On Being a Doctor7 February 2012A Case of Racism and ReconciliationDamon S. Tweedy, MDDamon S. Tweedy, MDFrom Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail One of my first patients as a medical intern was an avowed racist. Chester (pseudonym) was a lifelong smoker and fan of Southern cuisine whose bad habits finally caught up with him. His body failing, he turned to our hospital for help only to find me, a black man, as one of the doctors entrusted to extend his life. The year was 2003, but for a time, it felt more like 1963.My resident received the call from the emergency department about our new admission just as we were sitting down for dinner. With the call went my appetite. I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.Corresponding Author: Damon S. Tweedy, MD, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3950, Durham, NC 27710; e-mail, damon.[email protected]duke.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHealthcare Providers’ Responses to Narrative Communication About Racial Healthcare DisparitiesWhat Causes Racial Health Care Disparities? A Mixed-Methods Study Reveals Variability in How Health Care Providers Perceive Causal Attributions 7 February 2012Volume 156, Issue 3Page: 246-247KeywordsEmergency departmentLung and intrathoracic tumorsMouthNursesOxygenPneumoniaPregnancyShouldersSleepStroke ePublished: 7 February 2012 Issue Published: 7 February 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Role of the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte injury
Authors: C Schäfer, Y Ladilov, J Inserte, M Schäfer, S Haffner, D Garcia-Dorado, H M Piper
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: We have recently shown that spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations elicit irreversible hypercontracture of cardiomyocytes during reoxygenation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether influx of exterior Ca2+ through the reverse mode of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCE) contributes to the development of these oscillations and, therefore, to reoxygenation-induced hypercontracture. Methods: Isolated cardiomyocytes and hearts from rats were used as models. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to 60 min simulated ischemia (pHo 6.4) and 10 min reoxygenation (pHo 7.4). During reoxygenation cardiomyocytes were superfused with medium containing 1 mmol/l Ca2+ (control), with nominally Ca2+-free medium or with medium containing 10 μmol/l KB-R 7943 (KB), a selective inhibitor of the reverse mode of the NCE. Results: In reoxygenated cardiomyocytes rapid Ca2+ oscillations occurred which were reduced under Ca2+-free conditions or in presence of KB. Hypercontracture was also significantly reduced under Ca2+-free conditions or in presence of KB. After 30 min of normoxic perfusion isolated rat hearts were subjected to 60 min global ischemia and reperfusion. KB (10 μmol/l) was present during the first 10 min of reperfusion. LVEDP, LVdevP and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were measured. Presence of KB reduced post-ischemic LVEDP and improved left ventricular function (LVdevP). In KB treated hearts the reperfusion induced release of LDH was markedly reduced from 81.1±9.9 (control) to 49.3±8.8 U/60 min/g dry weight. Conclusion: Our study shows that inhibition of the reverse mode of the NCE, during reperfusion only, protects cardiomyocytes and whole hearts against reperfusion injury.
Loss-of-function Additional sex combs like 1 mutations disrupt hematopoiesis but do not cause severe myelodysplasia or leukemia
Authors: Cynthia L. Fisher, Nicolas Pineault, Christy Brookes, Cheryl D. Helgason, Hideaki Ohta, Caroline Bodner, Jay L. Hess, R. Keith Humphries, Hugh W. Brock
Journal: Blood (2009)
Mutual changes of thioredoxin and nitrosothiols during biliary cirrhosis: Results from humans and cholestatic rats
Authors: Ignazio Grattagliano, Piero Portincasa, Vincenzo O. Palmieri, Giuseppe Palasciano
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Cholestasis is associated with changes in NO metabolism and thiol oxidation. Thioredoxin contributes to regulate vascular tone and intracellular redox status by cleaving nitrosothiols and maintaining -SH groups. This study investigated the changes in circulating thioredoxin and nitrosothiols and the relationship with protein sulfhydryls (PSH), hepatic concentrations, hyaluronate, and histology in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and in rats with bile duct ligation (BDL). PSH in erythrocytes were significantly decreased in stage III and IV PBC and at day 10 after BDL. Compared with controls, erythrocyte thioredoxin levels were higher in stage I through III PBC and lower in stage IV patients. Serum thioredoxin levels were significantly higher in PBC stages I and II and lower in stages III and IV. Serum nitrosothiols were higher in all PBC patients and inversely related to thioredoxin and hyaluronate. In rats, serum, hepatic, and mitochondrial thioredoxin had initially increased after BDL (day 1-3) and then decreased. After day 7 BDL, nitrosothiols were 10-fold increased in serum and liver, and even higher in mitochondria. In the liver, thioredoxin was inversely related to both nitrosothiols and PSH. In rats, the difference in time average changes from baseline among serum, hepatic, and erythrocyte thioredoxin suggests that most of circulating thioredoxin originates from the liver. Our findings indicate that cholestasis is associated with significant mutual and interrelated changes between circulating and hepatic thioredoxin and nitrosothiols. The increase of hepatic, mitochondrial, and circulating nitrosothiols with ongoing cholestasis suggests an active participation of NO in both liver injury and extrahepatic changes.
Effects of Fluticasone on Systemic Markers of Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Don D. Sin, Paige Lacy, Ernest York, S. F. Paul Man
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Systemic inflammation is present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has been linked to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We determined the effects of oral and inhaled corticosteroids on serum markers of inflammation in patients with stable COPD. We recruited 41 patients with mild to moderate COPD. After 4 weeks during which inhaled corticosteroids were discontinued, patients were assigned to fluticasone (500 mcg twice a day), oral prednisone (30 mg/day), or placebo over 2 weeks, followed by 8 weeks of fluticasone at 500 mcg twice a day and another 8 weeks at 1,000 mcg twice a day. Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids increased baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) levels by 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16–152%). Two weeks with inhaled fluticasone reduced CRP levels by 50% (95% CI, 9–73%); prednisone reduced it by 63% (95% CI, 29–81%). No significant changes were observed with the placebo. An additional 8 weeks of fluticasone were associated with CRP levels that were lower than those at baseline (a 29% reduction; 95% CI, 7–46%). Inhaled and oral corticosteroids are effective in reducing serum CRP levels in patients with COPD and suggest their potential use for improving cardiovascular outcomes in COPD.
Intrathoracic goitre in the posterior mediastinum.
Authors: L S Fragomeni, P Ceratti de Azambuja
Journal: Thorax (1980)

We describe here a case of intrathoracic goitre located in the posterior mediastinum causing superior vena caval obstruction. Case reportA 45-year-old woman was admitted to the Cardio- thoracic Unit complaining of increasing dyspnoea for six months.She had a dry cough, no haemoptysis and no dysphagia but she had noticed some change in her voice in the previous three months.She had no chest pain, but said that she had swelling of the face and lower limbs, mainly in the evenings.She had lost 7 kg in the previous two months.Her past history included three unknown
Gastric ECL cell hyperplasia.
Authors: R F Harvey
Journal: Gut (1987)

SIR,-Drs Penston and Wormsley might have interpreted more satisfactorily the possible causes and effects of gastric ECL cell hyperplasia in achlorhydric subjects if they had considered the problem from an endocrinological rather than solely a gastroenterological point of view.The endocrine cells of the gut are scattered through the mucosa rather than gathered together in discrete glands, but
Mandate for NHS reforms
Authors: R. Lefever
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Mandate for NHS reforms SIR,-Where now for the BMA's policies on the NHS reforms?Concern that a market in health care would result not so much in managerial efficiency and a sensitivity to local needs but in winners and losers with widening gaps in the provision of health care led me to vote Labour.'2Although the general election was not a referendum on the reforms, the high profile of health as a pre-election campaign issue was as near as we are likely to get to one.The return of a Conservative government with a clear working majority means that a public mandate for the NHS reforms has been obtained, and I believe that the BMA should now put its full weight behind them.The purchaser-provider split will become a model not only for the NHS but for a wide range of centrally funded public services.Success in the United Kingdom will ensure that this model is exported to other countries, particularly in the expanding Europe.Recommending an enthusiastic and cooperative approach to the new political situation does not mean that we must cast aside our faculty for criticism.But criticisms must be more sharply focused.If individual patients are disadvantaged the reasons for that disadvantage must be examined rather than assumed and the finger pointed ac- curately at those responsible, be they the provider or the purchasing authority.Cooperation with management must not mean that the political pressure for better funding for the NHS should be abandoned.The exclusion of practising doctors from the management structure must regularly be
MANUAL AND INSTRUMENTAL DILATATION OF THE PREGNANT AND PARTURIENT CERVIX.
Authors: J. CLIFTON EDGAR
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Most of the graver obstetric operations find their necessity in the difficulty or impossibility of overcoming two barriers to delivery by the natural passages. The first of these is the resistance offered by the bony pelvic inlet and the second the obstruction of the cervix. Leaving out of consideration for the moment the causes of fetal dystocia, I believe that, broadly speaking, the most important factor in maternal dystocia is in the large proportion of instances of this second barrier to the progress of delivery, namely, the barrier of the cervix. Unlike the barrier presented by a contracted pelvis, this barrier of the cervix is always present; and although it is true that in physiologic labor it is readily and safely removed by the natural efforts, it is, I firmly believe, equally true that unfortunate results for both mother and child are far oftener the consequence of non-dilatation or unsatisfactory
Immediate enhancement of left ventricular relaxation by coronary artery bypass grafting: intraoperative assessment.
Authors: L S Humphrey, E J Topol, G I Rosenfeld, A M Borkon, W A Baumgartner, T J Gardner, G Maruschak, J L Weiss
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We investigated the effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on the rate of left ventricular relaxation as defined by the time constant for isovolumetric relaxation, T, measured in milliseconds. Completeness of relaxation at rapid heart rates was determined by comparison of the relationship between left ventricular pressure and echocardiographic left ventricular cross-sectional cavity area during rapid ventricular pacing with that obtained after a prolonged diastole when the ventricle was maximally relaxed. Twelve patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher T values (94.5 +/- 6.2) than six patients without coronary artery disease who were undergoing other open heart procedures (39.5 +/- 5.0, p less than .001). T was significantly reduced after coronary artery bypass grafting (68.2 +/- 5.1, p = .007), but was unchanged in the six control patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (37.8 +/- 4.5, p = .54). Similar changes were found during rapid pacing to 100, 120, and 140/min. Incomplete relaxation was detected in three of 10 (heart rate 120 beats/min) and nine of 11 (heart rate 140 beats/min) patients with coronary artery disease and this decreased to 0 of 10 (heart rate 120 beats/min) and six of 11 (heart rate 140 beats/min) patients after coronary artery bypass. Incomplete relaxation before bypass at a heart rate of 120 beats/min averaged 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm Hg. At a heart rate of 140 beats/min, incomplete relaxation averaged 5.6 +/- 1.6 mm Hg before and 1.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg after bypass. Intake of beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers, body temperature, and systolic blood pressure were not found to be related to these changes. We conclude that immediately after coronary artery bypass relaxation of left ventricular muscle is enhanced and incomplete relaxation at rapid heart rates is less likely. The most probable cause of this improvement in ventricular relaxation after coronary artery bypass grafting is relief of ischemia.
Challenges facing islet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kristina I. Rother, David M. Harlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Islet transplantation represents a most impressive recent advance in the search for a type 1 diabetes mellitus cure. While several hundred patients have achieved at least temporary insulin independence after receiving the islet "mini-organs" (containing insulin-producing beta cells), very few patients remain insulin independent beyond 4 years after transplantation. In this review, we describe historic as well as technical details about the procedure and provide insight into clinical and basic research efforts to overcome existing hurdles for this promising therapy.
Glasgow, Edinburgh, and the health divide.
Authors: R. G. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

drivers, many insulin treated drivers stop driving voluntarily because of failing vision and do not renew their licenses. 56The assessment of vision of non-insulin dependent diabetic drivers should therefore not be neglected, and worsening vision from cataracts or retinopathy should be reported to the licensing agency.Loss of visual fields may result from localised retinal ischaemia in preproliferative diabetic retinopathy (C K L Chee and D W Flanagan, unpublished data) and from retinal destruction by panretinal laser photocoagulation.'3 14The measurement of visual fields by perimetry is therefore required for evaluating vision in diabetic drivers who have received photocoagulation.Drivers who require photocoagulation should be warned of possible peripheral field loss, which may jeopardise renewal of their driving licence.Dark adaptation may also be affected, and drivers with treated retinopathy may experience difficulty driving at night.Cataracts are associated with excessive headlight glare.The evidence that diabetic drivers have a higher rate of road traffic accidents is limited, but many m6tor insurers still quote higher premiums for diabetic drivers.3Most recent studies have shown either very similar reported accident rates for diabetic and non-diabetic drivers,568'5 or only a slight increase.16 These surveys do not, however, include fatal accidents, in which confirmation of a diabetic cause, such as hypoglycaemia, is usually impossible.In addition, accident rates may be lowered by diabetic drivers with advancing complications removing themselves from the active driving population5 6 and by the efforts of the regulatory authority to exclude high risk drivers.Although Songer suggested that restricting the driving licences of diabetic drivers represents unjustified discrimination,'7 it is important to acknowledge that diabetic problems constitute potential hazards to road safety.
Chromosomal Analysis in a Case of Orofacial-Digital Syndrome
Authors: Herman Kaplan, Tiiu Vaharu, Mary L. Voorhess, Lytt I. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

GORLIN, Anderson and Scott1 recently described 4 patients with hypertrophied frenula, oligophrenia, familial trembling and hand anomalies.1 The term orofacial-digital syndrome has been applied to this condition. In May, 1961, Ruess et al.2 described 12 similar patients, among whom a chromosomal abnormality had been identified in a mother and child. Subsequently, Gorlin3 elaborated on his cases, suggesting that a chromosomal abnormality was present in 1 of the No. 1 pair of chromosomes.Case ReportA 4-year-old girl who had been noted at birth to have several areas of alopecia, "cysts" on the gums and tongue, partial cleft palate, webbed fingers . . .
Leukotriene-Receptor Expression on Nasal Mucosal Inflammatory Cells in Aspirin-Sensitive Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ana R. Sousa, Abhi Parikh, Glenis Scadding, Christopher J. Corrigan, Tak H. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Patients with asthma who have aspirin sensitivity have greater cysteinyl leukotriene production and greater airway hyperresponsiveness to the effects of inhaled cysteinyl leukotrienes than their aspirin-tolerant counterparts. We hypothesized that the latter effect reflects elevated expression of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1 on inflammatory cells in the target organ and that its expression is down-regulated by aspirin desensitization.
BLACKHEAD IN CHICKENS AND ITS EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION BY FEEDING EMBRYONATED EGGS OF HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA
Authors: Theobald Smith, H. W. Graybill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

Feeding embryonated eggs of Heterakis papillosa to brooder chickens led to a disease of both ceca, characterized by the presence of a core consisting of fecal matter, coagulated blood, and emigrated cells from the mucosa. The walls of the ceca were thickened as a result of cell invasion and multiplication, invasion and multiplication of Amœba meleagridis or allied parasites, and more rarely hemorrhage and edema. The respective parts played by Heterakis papillosa and the protozoa in starting the lesions and the source of the protozoa remain to be defined. The invasion of the liver by the protozoa was insignificant.
What Diabetologists Should Know About Elderly Patients
Authors: Kenneth L Minaker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

New challenges face the diabetologist from the enlarging elderly population with its increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Health-care utilization increases with both age and diabetes mellitus. The ways in which the elderly enter and respond to the healthcare system have changed significantly. Aging exerts a variable and recognizable influence on the way illnesses develop and how patients perceive their symptoms. The most important interaction of aging and disease is increased vulnerability to the development of severe diabetic complications. The techniques of history and physical examination are modified with age. An overall assessment of function becomes an important technique that assists in both diagnosis and management of elderly patients. Several important geriatric syndromes including delirium, urinary incontinence, falls, systolic hypertension, and polypharmacy are particularly common in elderly diabetic patients. Approaches to these prevalent conditions in the elderly are discussed.
The Trials and Tribulations of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Deborah Cook
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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