tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4678: Application of the EGFR in squamous lung cancer and its relationship between p63
Authors: Yiping Han, Bibo Wang, Ling Huang, Li Qiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are rarely found in squamous cell carcinoma (SQC). METHODS: Between J February 2010 and March 2013, we investigated the incidence of EGFR activating mutations in SQC of the lung using the automated direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products method. The efficacies of formal therapy, observation, targeting therapy (EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors [TKIs]) were retrospectively evaluated in patients with EGFR-mutated SQC. Further pathologic analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Sixteen of the 282 patients with SQC (5.67%) had EGFR mutations, including exon 19 deletion (7 of 16 patients, 44%), L858R point mutation in exon 21 (9 of 16, 56%). The patients' median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) in formal therapy, observation and targeting therapy were 6.28 and 9.03, 5.23 and 6.17, and 4.20 and 10.57 months. The median OS of 4 EGFR-mutated patients received p63 (partly +) was 11.28 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.33-16.23months) verse that of 11 EGFR-mutated patients received p63 (+) was 3.57 months (95%CI, 1.75- 5.39 months) (p=0.039). CONCLUSION: EGFR-TKIs for EGFR-mutated SQC are generally inferior to that for EGFR-mutated ADC. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy seemed to be less inferior to TKI therapy considering the PFS and OS results and the economy when patients are in good status. Patients presenting partly + of p63 had longer OS than p63 + patients. EGFR and p63 might be two separate factors which affected the proliferation of squamous tumor cells and result remained to be confirmed by large samples. KEYWORDS: squamous lung cancer, SQC,epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, P63 Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yiping Han, Bibo Wang, Ling Huang, Li Qiang. Application of the EGFR in squamous lung cancer and its relationship between p63. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4678. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4678
Diagnosis of Vascular Disease by Photoelectronic Intravenous Angiography
Authors: Bruce J. Hillman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

RECENT developments in medical diagnostic imaging have concentrated on diminishing patient risk and discomfort, evidenced by the general acceptance of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography for the routine evaluation of patients' conditions. The need for more invasive procedures, such as angiography, has diminished and pneumoencephalography has almost disappeared.<sup>1-3</sup>Nonetheless, these new techniques thus far have proved insufficient for accurate imaging of most major vascular diseases. Thus, the diagnosis and planning for treatment of such common disorders as atherosclerosis and vascular dysplasias continue to require arteriography. To supercede the objectionable qualities of angiography—hospitalization, loss of work days, patient discomfort, risk of morbidity, and high financial cost—the authors have developed during the past five years a photoelectronic radiology system for performing angiography following an intravenous injection of contrast medium. This method of photoelectronic intravenous angiography (PIA) can be performed on outpatients, is low in cost, and provides excellent information concerning the
Advertising in Medical Journals.
Authors: C. A. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1898)

South McAlester, I. T., Feb. 4, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In answer to an advertisement in the<i>Tri-State Medical Journal</i>for December, 1897, I received the following literature: DOCTOR—DO You Cure Your Goiter Patients? I cure all of mine and receive from $25 to $50 from each of them. The cost of treating a case will not exceed $1. Inclose a 2 cent stamp for particulars.—M.D., Lock Box —, Bloomington, Ill. When respectable (?) medical journals admit such people to their advertising colums it is certainly time to cry halt. We wonder at the imbecility of the laity when they employ quacks, but what shall we say of the members of the profession who are equally guilty, as proven by the enclosed testimonial? Such journals are more than "particeps criminis," they are the instigators. Some means should be devised to compel these people to either sail under their true colors or
Surgical Management of Popliteal Aneurysms
Authors: L. HENRY EDMUNDS, R. CLEMENT G, ROBERT R. LINTON
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Ninety-eight popliteal aneurysms are reported that occurred in 82 patients who were treated surgically during a 16-year period from 1948 to 1963. The presence of acute or chronic arterial occlusive symptoms prior to operation significantly influenced the results of surgical management. Arterial reconstruction salvaged more than one half of the limbs presenting with limb-threatening ischemia, but early and late results recommend excision and grafting of all asymptomatic popliteal aneurysms before such complications develop. In our opinion saphenous vein autografts are preferable to prosthetic replacement in the surgical management of popliteal aneurysms.
Abstract 5130: Prostate circulating tumor cells metastasize to bone via E-selectin expressed on endothelial cells.
Authors: Gunjan Gakhar, Guang YuLee, Marco Seandel, Neil Bander, David Nanus
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Abstract Prostate cancer cells preferentially metastasize to bone. Studies show that the preferential adhesion is due to interactions between prostate tumor cells and E-selectin present on human bone marrow endothelial cells. In our study, we used a parallel flow chamber to identify if prostate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) metastasize using similar interactions. CTCs were investigated based on the fact that majority of prostate tumor cells exhibit prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on their cell surface. Prostate cancer cells, MDA PCa 2b (MDA) were first labeled with anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody J591 conjugated with alexa fluor 488 (J591-488) that recognizes PSMA and is internalized following binding to PSMA. Anti-PSMA labeled MDA cells were then perfused over IL-β stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using parallel flow chamber under physiological blood flow. Both unlabeled and J591-488 labeled MDA cells showed similar rolling behavior on stimulated HUVECs. This suggests that prostate CTCs can be identified and their interactions with endothelial cells can be studied. Our study will potentially elucidate the mechanism involved in prostate cancer metastasis to bone. Citation Format: Gunjan Gakhar, Guang YuLee, Marco Seandel, Neil Bander, David Nanus. Prostate circulating tumor cells metastasize to bone via E-selectin expressed on endothelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5130. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5130
TCT-272 The Role of Macrophage Accumulations on Bare-Metal Stent Failure Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome: Observation by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Yuetsu Kikuta, Hideo Takebayashi, Shigeki Hiramatsu, Manabu Tanigichi, Kenji Goto, Masahito Taniguchi, Katsumasa Sato, Etsuko Ikeda, Arata Hagikura, Hiroki Yamane, Seiichi Haruta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2611: Inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 by UK-101 leads to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Eun Ryoung Jang, Nilay Thakkar, Kyunghwa Kim, Eun Y. Lee, Kyung-Bo Kim, Wooin Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: The immunoproteasome is an alternative form of the constitutive proteasome and it has been increasingly shown to play an important role in a number of diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases. We have previously developed ‘UK-101’, a small molecule that selectively inhibits the immunoproteasome catalytic subunit LMP2. In our present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the immunoproteasome-targeting approach in pancreatic cancer using UK-101 as a lead compound. Methods: The expression of LMP2 was assessed in primary pancreatic cancer tissues and established pancreatic cancer cell lines via immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunoblotting analyses. Using pancreatic cancer cells expressing LMP2, we have investigated the effects of UK-101 (an LMP2 inhibitor), general proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib and carfilzomib) and gemcitabine on cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle progression. We also examined the effects of UK-101 on various molecular markers associated with apoptosis and cell cycle control. Results: Our immunoblotting and IHC analyses indicated that the LMP2 levels are substantially upregulated in primary pancreatic cancer tissues as well as established pancreatic cancer cell lines compared to nonmalignant pancreatic tissues. The IHC staining on a tumor tissue array demonstrated positive immunostaining for LMP2 in approximately 53% of pancreatic cancer specimens evaluated (n=23 out of 43) while the normal pancreatic duct showed a negative LMP2 staining (n=11). Using Panc-1 (gemcitabine-resistant) and BxPc-3 (gemcitabine-sensitive) cells, we observed that the UK-101 treatment leads to a covalent modification of LMP2, a decreased proteasomal proteolytic activity as well as apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: Our results show that LMP2 is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and that the targeted inhibition of LMP2 using UK-101 induces apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, these results suggest that the immunoproteasome may be a potential therapeutic target that can be exploited for pancreatic cancer where the existing therapy including gemcitabine shows limited efficacy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2611. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2611
Intranasal Mupirocin to Prevent Postoperative<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Infections
Authors: Trish M. Perl, Joseph J. Cullen, Richard P. Wenzel, M. Bridget Zimmerman, Michael A. Pfaller, Deborah Sheppard, Jennifer Twombley, Pamela P. French, Loreen A. Herwaldt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Patients with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus have an increased risk of surgical-site infections caused by that organism. Treatment with mupirocin ointment can reduce the rate of nasal carriage and may prevent postoperative S. aureus infections.We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether intranasal treatment with mupirocin reduces the rate of S. aureus infections at surgical sites and prevents other nosocomial infections.Of 4030 enrolled patients who underwent general, gynecologic, neurologic, or cardiothoracic surgery, 3864 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Overall, 2.3 percent of mupirocin recipients and 2.4 percent of placebo recipients had S. aureus infections at surgical sites. Of the 891 patients (23.1 percent of the 3864 who completed the study) who had S. aureus in their anterior nares, 444 received mupirocin and 447 received placebo. Among the patients with nasal carriage of S. aureus, 4.0 percent of those who received mupirocin had nosocomial S. aureus infections, as compared with 7.7 percent of those who received placebo (odds ratio for infection, 0.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.92; P=0.02).Prophylactic intranasal application of mupirocin did not significantly reduce the rate of S. aureus surgical-site infections overall, but it did significantly decrease the rate of all nosocomial S. aureus infections among the patients who were S. aureus carriers.
Corneal chrysiasis and clinical improvement with chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: P. J. Prouse, J. J. Kanski, J. M. Gumpel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The deposition of gold in the cornea—ocular chrysiasis—is a normal event during chrysotherapy. It may reflect tissue deposition of gold and be of value in predicting clinical improvement or toxic reactions. We studied 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis on chrysotherapy but could find no relationship between the appearance of ocular chrysiasis, clinical improvement, and toxicity.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Siah2 Contributes to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by Regulation of Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Jianfei Qi, Manisha Tripathi, Rajeev Mishra, Natasha Sahgal, Ladan Fazil, Susan Ettinger, William J. Placzek, Giuseppina Claps, Leland W.K. Chung, David Bowtell, Martin Gleave, Neil Bhowmick, Ze’ev A. Ronai
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials
Authors: Patricia M Kearney, Colin Baigent, Jon Godwin, Heather Halls, Jonathan R Emberson, Carlo Patrono
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the risk of vascular events. <b>Design</b> Meta-analysis of published and unpublished tabular data from randomised trials, with indirect estimation of the effects of traditional NSAIDs. <b>Data sources</b> Medline and Embase (January 1966 to April 2005); Food and Drug Administration records; and data on file from Novartis, Pfizer, and Merck. <b>Review methods</b> Eligible studies were randomised trials that included a comparison of a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus placebo or a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus a traditional NSAID, of at least four weeks9 duration, with information on serious vascular events (defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, or vascular death). Individual investigators and manufacturers provided information on the number of patients randomised, numbers of vascular events, and the person time of follow-up for each randomised group. <b>Results</b> In placebo comparisons, allocation to a selective COX 2 inhibitor was associated with a 42% relative increase in the incidence of serious vascular events (1.2%/year <i>v</i> 0.9%/year; rate ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.78; P = 0.003), with no significant heterogeneity among the different selective COX 2 inhibitors. This was chiefly attributable to an increased risk of myocardial infarction (0.6%/year <i>v</i> 0.3%/year; 1.86, 1.33 to 2.59; P = 0.0003), with little apparent difference in other vascular outcomes. Among trials of at least one year9s duration (mean 2.7 years), the rate ratio for vascular events was 1.45 (1.12 to 1.89; P = 0.005). Overall, the incidence of serious vascular events was similar between a selective COX 2 inhibitor and any traditional NSAID (1.0%/year <i>v</i> 0.9%/year; 1.16, 0.97 to 1.38; P = 0.1). However, statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.001) was found between trials of a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus naproxen (1.57, 1.21 to 2.03) and of a selective COX 2 inhibitor versus non-naproxen NSAIDs (0.88, 0.69 to 1.12). The summary rate ratio for vascular events, compared with placebo, was 0.92 (0.67 to 1.26) for naproxen, 1.51 (0.96 to 2.37) for ibuprofen, and 1.63 (1.12 to 2.37) for diclofenac. <b>Conclusions</b> Selective COX 2 inhibitors are associated with a moderate increase in the risk of vascular events, as are high dose regimens of ibuprofen and diclofenac, but high dose naproxen is not associated with such an excess.
Abstract 274: Cited2, a novel EGFR-induced coactivator, plays a key role in lung cancer progression
Authors: Yu-Ting Chou, Chiung-Fang Hsu, Yu-Rung Kao, Cheng-Wen Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aberrant expression and function of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are reported in most lung cancer cases and are correlated with poor prognosis. However, the role of many downstream effectors associated with abnormal EGFR signaling is not clear in cancer progression. Cited2, a novel transcriptional co-activator was identified to be induced by hyperactive EGFR mutant L858R in lung cancer cells. Overexpression of Cited2 in CL1-0 lung cancer cells allowed cell to survive in serum free condition. Knockdown of Cited2 attenuated cell growth, leading to G1/S cell cycle arrest. Through microarray analysis, we identified that expression of E2F3 and its downstream gene targets were blocked in Cited2-silenced cells. Overexpression of Cited2 enhanced E2F3 expression, supporting that Cited2 regulates E2F3 expression. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found Cited2 bound to E2F3 promoter. In addition to affecting cell growth, knockdown of Cited2 promoted cell senescence with flat and enlarged cell morphology, and increased senescence-associated ß-galactosidase activity. Through western blot analysis, we found Cited2-silencing induced p53 and p21 expression. Overexpression of Cited2 further enhanced tumor growth in nude mice. Clinical analysis showed that Cited2 was highly expressed in lung cancer but not in normal tissues. These data demonstrate that Cited2 plays a key role in lung cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 274.
Anaesthetics, and their Administration
Authors: W. Braine
Journal: BMJ (1884)

atid a quarter in.circiuiiference, wheln laid open.Above the stricture, thl, owel mneasured four and a lhalf inlches.The connective tissue rojiid the stricture wars full of' pls.CAS,1 XLV 1. Syp7iLi/di trrid ci--'thtA"'ci/et m and Pistulta: PAth isis of the Auic's U: Ulecroi,n w i t/c C-cum : Antylvid De!ejneration (f i/
Nutritional therapy for cancer cachexia
Authors: R F Grimble
Journal: Gut (2003)

In cancers where high inflammatory stress is usual, protein rich supplements containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and high levels of antioxidant vitamins can reverse severe weight loss

The process of inflammation has a paradoxical effect. This is mostly due to the metabolic responses triggered by the release of the three proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). As an integral part of the body’s response to infection and injury, these mediators release substrate, from host tissues, to support T and B lymphocyte activity, create a hostile environment for invading pathogens, via a raised body temperature and oxidant production, and initiate downregulation of the process once invasion has been defeated.1 All of these metabolic effects come at considerable cost to the host, as witnessed by the extensive tissue depletion, anorexia, and anaemia seen in severely infected and injured patients.2 However, the cost is of great biological value if recovery from infection and injury are achieved. The inflammatory process contains elements which inherently upregulate the response. Oxidants will increase proinflammatory cytokine production by activating nuclear factor κB (NFκB). A wide range of genes associated with the inflammatory process have NFκB response elements in their structure. These include genes for proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules.1

Tumour cells may initiate the inflammatory response as effectively as invading pathogens. However, while the inflammatory process may be effective in dealing with single malignant cells, once cancer is established the inflammatory process becomes a cause of the patient’s demise, rather than a means of destroying the tumour. In addition to stimulating the cytokine mediated and hormonal aspects of the inflammatory response, tumour specific products …
DNA/protein complexes delivered in conjunction with adenovirus generate high-efficiency in vitro transfection: A powerful transfection reagent with potential broad applications Cristiano RJ, Smith LC, Woo SLC. Hepatic gene therapy: adenovirus enhancement of receptor-mediated gene delivery and expression in primary hepatocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:2122–2126
Authors: F Askari
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
Physician, heal thyself
Authors: W F Bynum
Journal: BMJ (2007)

views & Reviews T his year, like previous years, has seen a spate of coverage in the British media of maulings by dogs.The most recent available data from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (www.rospa.co.uk) show that 70 000 people attended UK emergency departments in 2002 for injuries caused by dog bites.Many of these are attacks on children by the family pet and take place in the home (European Journal of Pediatrics 2003;162:254-8).Dog bites have become a public health concern and a child protection issue.As with many public health issues, however, individuals are reluctant to take responsibility and modify their behaviour.The medical profession is left to mop up the mess.Children are particularly vulnerable; one American study found that children under 5 were the age group most likely to have severe head and neck injuries (American Surgeon 1999;65:863-4).Undoubtedly, few people bitten by dogs die or are left with a profound disability.However, the number of people admitted to UK hospitals after being bitten by a dog is rising, despite a fall in dog ownership.Data collected by the Information Centre for Health and Social Care (www.hesonline.nhs.uk) show that 4133 patients were admitted to hospital in England in 2006 as a result of injuries from dog bites, almost double the number in 1996, and that 22% of these people were children under 9. Apart from the psychological and physical consequences (including infections) of dog bites, they result in unnecessary expense.It is clear that the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act does not work.For a start, it does not cover the majority of bites that occur in the family home, and only 764 people were prosecuted under the act in 2005.Also, all dogs bite, not just the four breeds prohibited under the act (the pit bull terrier, Japanese tosa, Argentine dogo, and fila Brasileiro, including cross-breeds).Indeed, one study showed that the most common dog bites