tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leishmania promastigotes evade interleukin 12 (IL-12) induction by macrophages and stimulate a broad range of cytokines from CD4+ T cells during initiation of infection.
Authors: S L Reiner, S Zheng, Z E Wang, L Stowring, R M Locksley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Leishmania major are intramacrophage parasites whose eradication requires the induction of T helper 1 (Th1) effector cells capable of activating macrophages to a microbicidal state. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) has been recently identified as a macrophage-derived cytokine capable of mediating Th1 effector cell development, and of markedly enhancing interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production by T cells and natural killer cells. Infection of macrophages in vitro by promastigotes of L. major caused no induction of IL-12 p40 transcripts, whereas stimulation using heat-killed Listeria or bacterial lipopolysaccharide induced readily detectable IL-12 mRNA. Using a competitor construct to quantitate a number of transcripts, a kinetic analysis of cytokine induction during the first few days of infection by L. major was performed. All strains of mice examined, including susceptible BALB/c and resistant C57BL/6, B10.D2, and C3H/HeN, had the appearance of a CD4+ population in the draining lymph nodes that contained transcripts for IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma (and in some cases, IL-10) that peaked 4 d after infection. In resistant mice, the transcripts for IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 were subsequently downregulated, whereas in susceptible BALB/c mice, these transcripts were only slightly decreased, and IL-4 continued to be reexpressed at high levels. IL-12 transcripts were first detected in vivo by 7 d after infection, consistent with induction by intracellular amastigotes. Challenge of macrophages in vitro confirmed that amastigotes, in contrast to promastigotes, induced IL-12 p40 mRNA. Reexamination of the cytokine mRNA at 4 d revealed expression of IL-13 in all strains analyzed, suggesting that IL-2 and IL-13 may mediate the IL-12-independent production of IFN-gamma during the first days after infection. Leishmania have evolved to avoid inducing IL-12 from host macrophages during transmission from the insect vector, and cause a striking induction of mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in CD4+ T cells. Each of these activities may favor survival of the organism.
Immune Complexes in Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Robert G. Petersdorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

One of the unresolved issues dealing with the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis is whether some of the extravascular manifestations of this infection such as the glomerulitis, arthritis or skin lesions like Osler's nodes or Janeway's lesions are the result of microemboli or are a consequence of an allergic response to the micro-organism or the host. The immunopathogenetic mechanism received a major boost by the demonstration of IgG and complement in the glomerular basement membrane in renal biopsies from patients with infective endocarditis.1 These findings were generally accompanied by hypocomplementemia, a laboratory abnormality that has been described in many patients with . . .
Accuracy and Reliability of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit: A Head-to-Head Comparison of Two Subcutaneous Glucose Sensors in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Sarah E. Siegelaar, Temo Barwari, Jeroen Hermanides, Wim Stooker, Peter H.J. van der Voort, J. Hans DeVries
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and glucose variability are common during intensive care unit (ICU) stay and are associated with increased mortality (1–3). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a promising tool to assist glucose control, but the accuracy and reliability of these devices in critically ill patients is uncertain (4,5). Therefore, we studied two different CGM devices postoperatively in cardiac surgery patients in an investigator-initiated trial.

We placed two CGM devices (Guardian RT, Medtronic Minimed; FreeStyle Navigator, Abbott Diabetes Care) subcutaneously in the abdominal wall before surgery in 60 patients. This is the first time the Navigator has been studied in an ICU setting. Both devices were calibrated simultaneously upon arrival at the ICU after surgery. Further calibrations were performed according to manufacturers’ instructions. An arterial blood glucose value was measured with an AccuChek device (Performa II, …
Yersinia-specific antibodies in serum and synovial fluid in patients with Yersinia triggered reactive arthritis.
Authors: O Maki-Ikola, R Lahesmaa, J Heesemann, R Merilahti-Palo, R Saario, A Toivanen, K Granfors
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To further evaluate the role of bacterial antigens in triggering inflammation in the joint in patients with reactive arthritis by studying local antibody synthesis in the joint.Yersinia-specific antibodies in paired serum and synovial fluid samples from 29 patients with yersinia triggered reactive arthritis were studied using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an inhibition ELISA with six monoclonal antibodies against lipopolysaccharide or released proteins of yersinia and immunoblotting. Antibodies of IgM, IgG and IgA classes, as well as antibodies of IgA subclasses and those containing secretory component were measured against the lipopolysaccharide and the sodium dodecyl sulphate extract of whole Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 bacteria.It was shown that yersinia-specific antibodies, as well as antibodies against other microbial antigens (rubella, measles, Bordetella pertussis, tetanus toxoid and Candida albicans) in synovial fluid mirror those in serum by concentration, by specificity and by distribution in classes and subclasses.These results do not suggest any strong local antibody production, but indicate that the majority of yersinia antibodies in the synovial fluid are derived from the circulation.
John Wolcot (1738-1819)
Authors: W. C. Butterfield
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Morphine Mimics the Cardioprotective Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning via a Glibenclamide-Sensitive Mechanism in the Rat Heart
Authors: Jo El J. Schultz, Anna K. Hsu, Garrett J. Gross
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Previous results from our laboratory have suggested that opioid receptors are involved in ischemic preconditioning (PC) in rat heart. Furthermore, other investigators have suggested that mu- and delta-opioid receptors mediate analgesia and hypoxic cerebral vasodilatation via opening of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that activation of opioid receptors mimics the cardioprotective effect of ischemic PC and that this effect is produced by activation of KATP channels in the rat heart. Anesthetized open-chest Wistar rats were subjected to six different protocols. All groups were subjected to 30 minutes of occlusion and 2 hours of reperfusion. Ischemic PC was elicited by three 5-minute occlusion periods interspersed with 5 minutes of reperfusion. Similarly, morphine-induced PC was elicited by three 5-minute drug infusions (100 micrograms/kg i.v. ) interspersed with 5-minute drug-free periods before the prolonged 30-minute occlusion. Infarct size (IS) as a percentage of the area at risk (AAR) was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining. Ischemic PC and morphine infusions resulted in similar reductions in IS/AAR from 56 +/- 5% to 11 +/- 3% and 12 +/- 5%, respectively (P < .05). Administration of glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg i.v.), a KATP channel antagonist, or naloxone (3 mg/kg i.v.), a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, both blocked the cardioprotective effects of morphine. These results indicate that opioid receptor stimulation results in a reduction in infarct size similar to that produced by ischemic PC. The effect of morphine is most likely mediated via an opioid receptor-KATP channel-linked mechanism in the rat heart, since glibenclamide abolished its protection.
Collagen and the myocardium. A study of their normal development and relationship in the rabbit
Authors: P. G. CASPARI, K. GIBSON, P. HARRIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Collagen and the myocardium. A study of their normal development and relationship in the rabbit Get access P. G. CASPARI, P. G. CASPARI 2 From the Cardiothoracic Institute, University of London, 2 Beaumont Street, London WIN 2DX 2British Heart Foundation Research Fellow. Present address: Cardiac Department, The Royal North Shore Hospital of Sydney, Crows Nest, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. GIBSON, K. GIBSON From the Cardiothoracic Institute, University of London, 2 Beaumont Street, London WIN 2DX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. HARRIS P. HARRIS From the Cardiothoracic Institute, University of London, 2 Beaumont Street, London WIN 2DX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 2, March 1975, Pages 187–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.2.187 Published: 01 March 1975
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE FOLLICULITIS OF THE SCALP.
Authors: WM. S. GOTTHEIL
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The inflammatory affections of the hair follicles are still, it must be admitted, an unsatisfactory chapter in our dermatologic text-books. Some hardly mention them at all; and those who do practically admit, with James Nevins Hyde, that "there exists a whole series of interesting and important inflammatory affections of the hairy parts which have not as yet been distinctly differentiated from each other, or the whole series from all others." Periodical literature, on the other hand, contains the records of many cases of follicular inflammation of the scalp; and the great variety in their terminology is a good index of the confusion that still prevails upon the subject. Quinquaud has described a "Folliculite Déstructive"; Brocq a "Folliculite et Perifolliculite Décalvant"; Besnier an "Alopécie Cicatrisante Innominée"; Lailler an "Acne Décalvante"; Leloir an "Conglomerate Pustular Perifolliculitis"; Unna an "Ulerytnema Sycosiforme"; Sack a "Dermatitis Perifollicularis Atrophicans"; Lukasiewicz a "Folliculitis Exulcerans"; and Tommasoli a
Greece has highest use of antibiotics outside hospital in Europe
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

European institutions, researchers, and the medical and veterinary professions are combining forces to raise awareness of the dangers of misusing antibiotics. Representatives of all were present in Brussels on 16 November when the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control presented its latest data on the degree of antibiotic resistance in Europe.1

The data show wide disparities across the European Union in the use of antibiotics outside hospitals. Such use is highest in Greece, whose rate is almost four times that in Estonia, the EU country with the lowest consumption. Presenting the findings, the centre’s director, Marc Sprenger, said, …
THE CAUSE OF DEATH OF THE X-RAY MARTYRS AND AN ESTIMATION OF THE DOSES
Authors: P. Kerley
Journal: BMJ (1961)

A survey is made of 149 documented cases of pioneer ralation workers. In 121, death was attributed to chronic radiodermititis and secondary malignancy, 28 died from induced carcinoma, of which 20 had blood dyscrasias. Of these 20, 17 had aplastic anemia and 3 leukemia (chronic lymphatic leukemia in 1 case). Eleven other cases were recorded since 1930, bringing the total to 160 documented cases. 0f these 11 cases, 3 had myeloid leukemia, 1 lymphatic leukemia, 1 lymphatic leukemia plus lung carcinoma, and 5 carcinomas from radiodermititis. Painful sequelae developed mainly from lymph-mode involvement, and in some cases intense pain was experienced before widespread carcinoma appeared. In most cases the latent period lasted many years, but 1 radiologist dying of lymphatic leukemia had had 250,ketatoses and epitheliomas removed. Two living radiologists had received an estimated 2000 and 3000 r, respectively, to the body, and the author had received over 1000 r above the waist, with no apparent ill effects. (H.H.D.)
Mass Screening: Is It Cost-effective?
Authors: Charles B. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Reported elsewhere in this issue (p 2056) is the experience of a local cancer detection center in finding cancer of the colon. This report, along with others concerning the routine periodic screening of the asymptomatic population, raises questions regarding the benefits derived from mass screening vs the costs. These expenses are reflected partially in public and private funds required to implement the programs. Heavily increased costs are also incurred by unneeded procedures precipitated by screening studies of limited specificity or sensitivity. When performed without selection, these examinations could include almost any laboratory study, since there is only a chance probability that a clinical indication exists.<sup>1</sup>Unsupervised self-examination of the breast has been implicated as a cause of emotionally traumatic costly hospitalizations.<sup>2</sup>Reconsideration of the benefits derived from annual Papanicolaou smears for every woman without selection has caused changes in practice in Great Britain.<sup>3,4</sup>Annual screening for thyroid
Jaundice in infectious mononucleosis.
Authors: S. G. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome-Beighton xBmn 411Danlos syndrome appear to be marked hyperextensibility of the skin, with a minor or minimal tendency to skin-splitting.Joint hypermobility, if present, is limited to the digits, but orthopaedic sequelae may occur.A bruising tendency occurs and may be severe, as in Cases 7 and 8. FIG.4.-Joint hypermobility in Case 8.Linkage Investigations Sixteen members of the first family were avilable for Xg grouping, and two of them gave useful linkage information: IV 5 is a recombinant and IV 8 is a non-recombinant.III 4 has received the Ehlers-Danlos allele from her mother, II 2, with Xg (the negative Xg gene), and handed it on to her son, IV 8, again with Xg, so he is a non-recombinant.On the other han'd, III 4 has handed on her " not Ehlers-Danlos " allele to her son IV 5 with her Xg, so he is a recombinant.In addition, the descendants of II 2 show that crossing-over between the loci for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Xg must have occurred on at least one further occasion.This finding of one recombinant and one non-recombinant in the first family to be grouped is enough to show that the loci for the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and for the Xg groups are at least not very close to each other on the X chromosome.However, only more families can show whether the two loci are within measurable distance of each other.AU members of this family were tested for colour-blindness with Ischiara plates, but the only abnormality detected was a mild deutan type of colour-blindness in III 7.This finding suggests that the locus for the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome cannot be very close to that for deutan, for though II 2 has given the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and deutan to her son, III 7, none of the other affected members of the family are colour-blind.I am grateful to Dr. R. R.
In vitro degradation of the inner root sheath in human hair follicles lacking sebaceous glands
Authors: M. Blount, S. Goff, P. Slusarewicz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Cultured hair follicles lacking sebaceous glands do not appear to degrade the inner root sheath (IRS), suggesting that the gland may be involved in this process.To examine this supposition in cultured hair follicles.Pilosebaceous units were isolated from hair follicles cultured in vitro, and IRS degradation was studied by histology.When grown in culture, the fibres of follicles lacking sebaceous glands were encased in a layer of translucent tissue. During hair growth in vitro this tissue remained intact at the distal end of the follicle but disappeared further down towards the bulb and then reappeared towards the proximal end. Transection within the region lacking this tissue resulted in the release of a naked hair fibre and the production of hair with no attached tissue upon subsequent hair growth. The translucent tissue represented the IRS, thereby demonstrating that this tissue is indeed degraded in vitro. Histological comparison with freshly isolated pilosebaceous units indicated that IRS degradation in vitro strongly resembled the process that occurs in vivo.These data suggest that the sebaceous gland does not itself participate in IRS degradation. Indeed, this phenomenon appears to be a function of the follicle itself and is probably intimately linked with the processes of cellular proliferation, differentiation and death that occur during hair biogenesis.
Drill Lung Biopsy
Authors: A. Dahhan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Your article in the Medical News section of the March 5, 1973 issue regarding the experience with drill lung biopsy prompted me to write you describing our experience with this procedure at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation.  During the period between August 1969 and May 1970, Dr. D. Aughenbaugh and I performed 50 lung biopsies using the trephine drill instrument. All patients fit into the category of diffuse lung disease; however, we did not consider the presence of pulmonary hypertension as a contraindication to the procedure.  The complications were as follows: one hemothorax; four pneumothorax requiring suction (most of the patients developed small pneumothorax that were reabsorbed spontaneously); and one death. I should mention that the patient who died had undiagnosed diffuse lung disease with severe hypoxemia and was not considered a candidate for open lung biopsy. Therefore, it was thought that this procedure was necessary to obtain
Mibefradil was not rushed to market in United States
Authors: R. R Fenichel
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Landow gave a misleading impression of the discussion about mibefradil at the US Food and Drug Administration's Cardio-Renal Advisory Committee meeting of 28 February 1997 and the subsequent withdrawal of the drug from the market in the United States.1

The question most extensively discussed at the meeting was whether mibefradil prolongs the QT interval and is therefore likely to induce malignant ventricular arrhythmia. …
The Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Philip N. Sambrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Osteoporosis is an increasing public health problem, and the costs related to hip fractures alone are expected to double in North America and Europe in the next 25 years. The disorder is characterized by enhanced bone fragility, resulting in an increased risk of fractures, and is usually defined according to the reduction in bone mineral density. Early diagnosis is now possible with the use of precise methods for measuring bone density. Optimal management consists of maximizing peak bone mass in early adulthood and preventing the rapid bone loss that occurs soon after the menopause in all women and again much . . .
THE EFFECTS OF LIPOTROPIC FACTORS ON PHOSPHOLIPIDE TURNOVER IN THE PLASMA OF NORMAL PERSONS AS INDICATED BY RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS 1
Authors: W. E. Cornatzer, David Cayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

The action of choline and methionine in preventing or curing the fatty infiltration of the liver which is produced experimentally in animals by low protein diets is believed to result from an in- creased turnover of phospholipides in the liver (1, 2).Since this organ is the main, if not the sole, source of phospholipides in plasma (3), it would seem that changes in the formation of phospholipides in the liver would be reflected by corre- sponding changes in the amounts of newly formed phospholipides in the plasma (4).No methods were available for the determination of newly formed plasma phospholipides until isotopic tech- niques were developed and radioactive tracers became available.It is now possible to study the formation of plasma phospholipides following the administra- tion of radioactive phosphorus, and to obtain an indication of the turnover of these compounds in the liver.Few data of this sort are available for human subjects, however.Hence, it became nec- essary to estimate the turnover in normal persons, before the effects of lipotropic agents such as cho- line and methionine could be investigated and in- formation could be obtained on the mode of ac- tion and possible therapeutic application of these substances.Preliminary experiments to determine the va- lidity of the method for determining the radioac- tivity and phosphorus of the plasma lipides in persons with and without liver disease were done and the results obtained were used to calculate the turnover of phospholipides (specific activity) (5).
Histological evaluation of coronary plaque in patients with variant angina: relationship between vasospasm and neointimal hyperplasia in primary coronary lesions
Authors: Hiromasa Suzuki, Sachio Kawai, Tadanori Aizawa, Kazuzo Kato, Satoshi Sunayama, Ryozo Okada, Hiroshi Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
CONGENITAL LESIONS OF THE HIP
Authors: F. K. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  I would like to comment on the article by Harris, Lipscomb, and Hodgson on the diagnosis of congenital lesions of the hip, which was published inThe Journal, May 21, page 229.I note that 11,010 infants were examined on the first day of life and again on the fifth day, and 90% of them were examined at regular intervals for six years. If the roentgenograms shown in the article are characteristic, none of the patients had shielding of the gonads, and one would wonder as to the quantity of the gonadal dose of radiation as a result of these studies. It would seem from the experience reported in the radiologic literature that the criteria which are available for the roentgenographic diagnosis of congenital hip disease are widely known and understood, and I can see little need to subject 11,010 infants to repeated examinations and increase the unnecessary