tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of chronic sham feeding on maximal gastric acid secretion in the dog.
Authors: R C Thirlby, M Feldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The reason for increased maximal acid secretory capacity in some patients with duodenal ulcer is uncertain. We postulated that chronically increased cephalic-vagal stimulation may be a cause of increased maximal acid output. To study this, we prepared six male, mongrel dogs with a vagally innervated gastric fistula, a vagally denervated fundic (Heidenhain) pouch, and a cervical esophagostomy. Physiological cephalic-vagal stimulation was accomplished by sham feeding, which increased acid output from the vagally innervated stomach but not from the vagally denervated pouch. During an initial 6-wk control period, dogs were fed by mouth once daily at 3 p.m. Then, a 6-wk period of sham feeding was carried out, during which animals were sham fed with blenderized dog chow from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. every day (a 7-h period of continuous cephalic-vagal stimulation), after which animals were fed by mouth. After 6 wk of daily sham feeding, maximal acid output in response to intravenous pentagastrin (16 micrograms/kg per h) increased by 27 +/- 4% in the vagally innervated stomach (P less than 0.01). Maximal acid output then returned to control levels after a final 6-wk recovery period with no sham feeding. No changes in maximal acid output occurred in the vagally denervated pouch during the 18-wk study. No changes in basal acid secretion or responsiveness of parietal cells to submaximal doses of pentagastrin occurred in the fistula or pouch during chronic sham feeding. We conclude that chronic physiological cephalic-vagal stimulation can increase maximal acid secretory capacity. Our studies also suggest that the effect of chronically increased vagal stimulation on maximal acid secretory capacity is reversible.
NLRP3 has a protective role in age-related macular degeneration through the induction of IL-18 by drusen components
Authors: Sarah L Doyle, Matthew Campbell, Ema Ozaki, Robert G Salomon, Andres Mori, Paul F Kenna, Gwyneth Jane Farrar, Anna-Sophia Kiang, Marian M Humphries, Ed C Lavelle, Luke A J O'Neill, Joe G Hollyfield, Peter Humphries
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
930 ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER ATTENUATES THE PROGRESSION OF NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH)
Authors: A. Hirose, M. Ono, T. Saibara, Y. Nozaki, M. Takahashi, S. Iwasaki, J.A. Oben, S. Onishi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
An Improved Method of Regional Anaesthesia in Acute Abdominal Surgery
Authors: N. R. James, H. W. Burge
Journal: BMJ (1941)

THORACOPLASTY FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS BRITISH resulting scoliosis.All too often, when the transverse processes are left, the persistence of an elongated, flattened, but not wholly obliterated cavity can be seen in the costo- vertebral sulcus.Tuberculous Empyema.-Of the seven subjects of tuber- culous empyema treated by thoracoplasty, five are dead, one is alive but deteriorating, and one is well and cured of his tuberculous empyema but still requires a small plastic operation to complete the epithelization of the remains of the cavity.All cases had been treated conservatively for a long period before being presented for thoracoplasty.Operation undertaken at an earlier date before the general effects of the continued toxaemia become too marked and the pleural membranes too thickened would undoubtedly produce more satisfactory results.Summary From the public health point of view no person with a sputum positive for tubercle bacilli should be at large in the community.Thoracoplasty will arrest the disease in a certain proportion of cases and allow return to work.Indications for thoracoplasty are: The disease should be in the fibrotic stage, and must be mainly unilateral; pneumo- thorax should have been tried; the cavities should not be too large.The age limit is given as 15 to 45, with exceptions.The general condition of the patient should be good.Ten-rib paravertebral thoracoplasty with removal of the transverse processes is the operation of choice.Results at the surgical clinic of the Lancashire County Council Tuberculosis Service in the period 1933-40, with follow-up in May, 1941, are given.Fifty-two cases were operated on for parenchymatous disease: 35 (67%) are fit and well, with negative sputum, and 30 (86%) of these are working.Seven cases were operated on for tuberculous empyema, with total arrest of the disease in one case only.These cases should be operated on earlier.Our thanks are due to Dr. G. Lissant Cox, Central Tubercu- losis
Vaccine Induction of Antibodies against a Structurally Heterogeneous Site of Immune Pressure within HIV-1 Envelope Protein Variable Regions 1 and 2
Authors: Hua-Xin Liao, Mattia Bonsignori, S. Munir Alam, Jason S. McLellan, Georgia D. Tomaras, M. Anthony Moody, Daniel M. Kozink, Kwan-Ki Hwang, Xi Chen, Chun-Yen Tsao, Pinghuang Liu, Xiaozhi Lu, Robert J. Parks, David C. Montefiori, Guido Ferrari, Justin Pollara, Mangala Rao, Kristina K. Peachman, Sampa Santra, Norman L. Letvin, Nicos Karasavvas, Zhi-Yong Yang, Kaifan Dai, Marie Pancera, Jason Gorman, Kevin Wiehe, Nathan I. Nicely, Supachai Rerks-Ngarm, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Jaranit Kaewkungwal, Punnee Pitisuttithum, James Tartaglia, Faruk Sinangil, Jerome H. Kim, Nelson L. Michael, Thomas B. Kepler, Peter D. Kwong, John R. Mascola, Gary J. Nabel, Abraham Pinter, Susan Zolla-Pazner, Barton F. Haynes
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Diagnosis of Tuberculosis by a Visually Detectable Immunoassay for Lipoarabinomannan
Authors: EDWARD D. CHAN, RANDALL REVES, JOHN T. BELISLE, PATRICK J. BRENNAN, WILLIAM E. HAHN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Recovery of tubercle bacilli from sputum, tissue, or body fluid is the standard for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) although this process is technically demanding and relatively insensitive. We have developed a simplified, visually detectable, colloidal gold-based serological assay to qualitatively detect IgG directed against the mycobacterial cell wall component lipoarabinomannan (LAM). The objective of this investigation is to determine the accuracy of this assay in patients with active pulmonary TB and in control patients with or without latent infection. In patients with active TB, the sensitivity of anti-LAM IgG was 85 to 93%. In five patients with active TB who were smear-negative, all tested positive for anti-LAM IgG. The specificity of the test depended on the presence of tuberculous infection. In U.S. citizens comprised of young healthy adults and rheumatology patients, the specificity was 100%. In an at-risk population for tuberculous infection who were either tuberculin skin test–negative or positive, the specificity was 89%. The negative and positive predictive values of the test were 98% and 52%, respectively. We conclude that anti-LAM IgG immunoassay is relatively sensitive and specific for active TB and thus, a potentially useful screening test for active TB.
The Wnt Antagonist <b> <i>sFRP1</i> </b> in Colorectal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Germaine M. Caldwell, Carolyn Jones, Karl Gensberg, Shamem Jan, Robert G. Hardy, Philip Byrd, Shaheen Chughtai, Yvonne Wallis, Glenn M. Matthews, Dion G. Morton
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Regions of the short arm of chromosome 8 are deleted frequently in a range of solid tumors, indicating that tumor suppressor genes reside at these loci. In this study, we have examined the properties of the Wnt signaling antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) 1 as a candidate for this role at c8p11.2. An initial survey of 10 colorectal tumors, selected by the presence of isolated short deletions of the 8p11.2 region, identified three chain-terminating mutations, all within the first exon, which encodes the cysteine-rich domain. None of these tumors exhibited microsatellite instability, indicating intact mismatch repair gene function. The preserved sFRP1 alleles in the remaining seven tumors each contained a polymorphic three-base insertion in the signal sequence, but in a broader study, no association was found between this and the development of colorectal cancer. Epigenetic inhibition of sFRP1 transcription was investigated, and increased methylation of the promotor region was demonstrated in an additional cohort of 51 locally advanced colorectal cancers. Hypermethylation was identified in 40 of 49 (82%) cancers and in only 11 of 36 (30%) matched normal mucosal samples (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Semiquantitative analysis, by real-time PCR, of mRNA expression in 37 of the same cohort of 51 cancers revealed that sFRP1 mRNA expression was down-regulated in 28 (76%) cases compared with matched normal large bowel mucosa. The 3′ end of the sFRP1 mRNA also was found to be alternatively spliced, compared with the prototype liver and lung forms, in the colon and a number of other tissues, yielding an extended COOH terminus, which may influence its activity in a tissue-specific manner. The inactivation and down-regulation of sFRP1 observed are consistent with it acting as a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal carcinogenesis. Because β-catenin is constitutively active in the majority of colorectal tumors, it is unlikely that sFRP1 can act in the canonical Wnt response pathway. Therefore, we propose that the reduced activity or absence of sFRP1 allows the transduction of noncanonical Wnt signals, which contribute to tumor progression.
Methyl Polysiloxane in Postoperative Gas Pains
Authors: Marvin Roberts, Edward Settel, Myron Arlen, Howard P. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

POSTOPERATIVE GAS PAINS and abdominal distention represent the most frequent complication of surgical procedures, yet, as Ochsner<sup>1</sup>stated, "their importance does not seem to be universally appreciated, nor have they been accorded the thoughtful consideration they warrant." There is little doubt that a means of obviating these problems would be a welcome addition to the armamentarium of surgical care. These apparently minor complications are thought to be the result of an adynamic ileus following intestinal manipulation, but it is obvious that similar complaints have been observed following extraperitoneal procedures, such as hernioplasties, mastectomies, and so forth. Two factors are probably related to the production of abdominal distention and gas pains: (1) sympathetic overactivity affecting the gastrointestinal tract, and (2) accumulation of an abnormal quantity of air within the gastrointestinal tract. It had been felt, generally, that the distention following peritonitis or surgical manipulation within the abdominal cavity was due
Reduction in defibrillator shocks with an implantable device combining antitachycardia pacing and shock therapy
Authors: James W. Leitch, Anne M. Gillis, D. George Wyse, Raymond Yee, George J. Klein, Gerard Guiraudon, Robert S. Sheldon, Henry J. Duff, Teresa M. Kieser, L. Brent Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Plague spreads in India but is "under control"
Authors: G Nandan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

India's epidemic of plague spread across several more states last week, but health authorities in New Delhi say that the situation is now “under control and improving.” The number of patients with suspected plague in hospitals across the country had risen to 4 000 by Monday. But laboratory tests showed that a large number of them did not have plague. Gujurat and Maharashtra - the states that first reported the outbreaks last month - account for 3 300 patients. At least 400 patients are in the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Delhi, and the rest are distributed over seven other states.

Although health authorities have attributed the spread of …
In vivo anti-tumor effect of PEG liposomal doxorubicin (DOX) in DOX-resistant tumor-bearing mice: Involvement of cytotoxic effect on vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Ken-ichi Ogawara, Keita Un, Ken-ichi Tanaka, Kazutaka Higaki, Toshikiro Kimura
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Altered function of insulin receptor substrate-1–deficient mouse islets and cultured β-cell lines
Authors: Rohit N. Kulkarni, Jonathon N. Winnay, Molly Daniels, Jens C. Brüning, Sarah N. Flier, Douglas Hanahan, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Insulin receptor substrate–1 (IRS-1) is pivotal in mediating the actions of insulin and growth factors in most tissues of the body, but its role in insulin-producing β islet cells is unclear. Freshly isolated islets from IRS-1 knockout mice and SV40-transformed IRS-1–deficient β-cell lines exhibit marked insulin secretory defects in response to glucose and arginine. Furthermore, insulin expression is reduced by about 2-fold in the IRS-1–null islets and β-cell lines, and this defect can be partially restored by transfecting the cells with IRS-1. These data provide evidence for an important role of IRS-1 in islet function and provide a novel functional link between the insulin signaling and insulin secretion pathways.
Two Ways of Expressing Psychological Disorder: The Experience of a Demarcated Population
Authors: MILTON MAZER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A five-year survey of an entire island population identified psychiatric patients and others experiencing "parapsychiatric events"—jail sentences, premarital pregnancy, auto license withdrawal, chronic alcoholism, etc. The most notable finding was the consistent relationship between low social class position and high prevalence rates. The study also suggested that those with psychologic disorder who reach psychiatric treatment and those who come to the attention of public and quasipublic agencies are from two different segments of the population.
Expression of Proto-oncogenes and Gene Mutation of Sarcomeric Proteins in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hisashi Kai, Akihiko Muraishi, Yuji Sugiu, Hirohumi Nishi, Yukihiko Seki, Fumitaka Kuwahara, Akinori Kimura, Hirohisa Kato, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —Several mutations of cardiac β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) gene were reported in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Involvement of proto-oncogenes has been shown in the mechanism of experimental cardiac hypertrophy. This study sought to examine the effects of c-H- ras and c- myc expression in the steady-state myocardium on hypertrophic changes and to evaluate the possible interaction between β-MHC mutation and proto-oncogene expression in HCM. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed in 17 HCM patients (5 β-MHC mutations and 1 troponin T mutation) and 7 control subjects (no mutation). Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed c-H- ras expression in all members of both groups. Cardiomyocyte size was correlated with the expression level of c-H- ras ( P &lt;0.001), and c-H- ras expression was upregulated in HCM patients ( P &lt;0.01). HCM patients with a β-MHC mutation had the higher c-H- ras expression than did control subjects or patients without a mutation ( P &lt;0.01). c- myc mRNA was expressed in 7 of 17 HCM patients but not in control subjects. Myocyte size was greater in c- myc –positive HCM patients than in control subjects and c- myc –negative HCM patients ( P &lt;0.001 and P &lt;0.05, respectively). The proto-oncogene expression did not affect clinical findings, myocardial fibrosis, or disarray. In conclusion, c-H- ras and c- myc expression in the steady-state myocardium may play a role in the hypertrophic mechanism in HCM. It is possible that β-MHC gene mutation has some effect on the regulation of proto-oncogene expression in HCM.
Advice about driving after herniorrhaphy.
Authors: C L Welsh, D Hopton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

7 1 6 0$ Depression .. 2 5 0 3 Diarrhoea 4 3 2 1 Swelling of hands and feet .4 3 2 1 Common cold .. 2 3 2 3 Itching or irritation of skin .. 3 2 3 2 Urinary frequency (including nocturia) 1 4 0 3 Painful joints .. 1 3 0 2 Rash .2 2 1 1 Agitation or tenseness ..
The diabetic heart is more sensitive to ischemic injury
Authors: D Paulson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Clinical studies have suggested that the diabetic heart is more sensitive to ischemic injury than the non-diabetic heart. However, results from a number of experimental studies using animal models of diabetes reported no change, increased or decreased sensitivity to ischemia. The purpose of this review is to discuss the possible explanations for this apparent discrepancy. Analysis of the conflicting literature on this subject reveals a pattern which suggests that the disparity of experimental findings stems from differences in the duration and severity of the diabetic state, the ischemic flow rate and whether fatty acids are provided as an exogenous substrate. It appears that short-term or mild diabetes is associated with decreased sensitivity to zero-flow ischemic injury. However, as the duration or severity of diabetes increases, this beneficial effect disappears. The diabetic heart also appears to be more vulnerable to injury during low-flow ischemia and when elevated fatty acids are present.
Vacation Lectures on Fibrinous Deposition in the Heart: Its History and Practical Meaning
Authors: B. W. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1860)

It has been remarked that this accident is one that occurs specially in male subjects, and M. Malgaigne says that he knows of no instance occurring in a female in which, at least, the real nature of the accident has been satisfactorily proved.It is no easy matter to distinguish this accident from fracture near the joint, with which it has, no doubt, been often con- founded.Besides the age of the patient, the most character- istic sign would be the soft, dull kind of crepitus obtained as distinguished from the more harsh and rough crepitation met with whien the bone itself is broken through, though even this is by no means conclusive.The treatment, fortunately, vill be the same in both cases, so that no great harm will lhappen to the patient, even if a mistake should occur in the diagnosis; union taking place in this injury as readily as in fracture.
F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of a Subcutaneous Scalp Metastasis From Primary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Ryan D. Niederkohr, Soheil S. Dadras, Matthew Leavitt, I Ross McDougall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Differentiated thyroid cancer frequently metastasizes but typically spreads to regional cervical lymph nodes and, in advanced cases, to the lungs and/or skeleton. Metastases to the skin/subcutaneous tissue are rare. We report a case of abnormal FDG uptake within a scalp metastasis on PET/CT in a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Because thyroid cancer can rarely metastasize to the skin and particularly the scalp, attention should be given to that region during interpretation of the images.
the cerebral torque and directional asymmetry for hand use are correlates of the capacity for language in <i>homo sapiens</i>
Authors: timothy j. crow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

the claim of consistent hemispheric specialisations across classes of chordates is undermined by the absence of population-based directional asymmetry of paw/hand use in rodents and primates. no homologue of the cerebral torque from right frontal to left occipital has been established in a nonhuman species. the null hypothesis that the torque is the sapiens-specific neural basis of language has not been disproved.
Objective assessment of compliance with treatments in acne
Authors: S.S. Zaghloul, W.J. Cunliffe, M.J.D. Goodfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Acne occurs in prepubertal individuals, teenagers and adults, and can have a devastating effect on self-esteem and social relationships. Whether an acne sufferer will seek treatment often depends, apart from the severity, on cultural and social aspects, which play a significant role in the attitude of the individuals and how they cope with the condition. Compliance with treatment regimen is an essential element in overall effectiveness of therapy.To assess patient compliance in acne vulgaris.In an open prospective study at a dermatology outpatient clinic, patients with acne, and on isotretinoin or conventional therapies, were examined and completed a questionnaire consisting of: (i) a brief medical and social history, (ii) a compliance assessment sheet, and (iii) the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Patients were re-examined after 3 months and their actual treatment usage was directly assessed and compared with expected use. The objective medication adherence (Med Ad) was calculated as (actual treatment use/expected treatment use) x 100. The interview (self-report) Med Ad was obtained by direct questioning. To avoid influencing the behaviour of the subjects, they were not informed of the specific aim of the study: the Local Research Ethics Committee gave approval for this approach. Patient attendance was recorded by referring to the outpatient clinic appointment charts.Of 687 patients seen who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 403 completed the study. The mean +/- SD overall objective Med Ad was 64.7 +/- 24% (range 0-111%). The mean +/- SD DLQI was 17.7 +/- 8.1 (range 2-30). There was a highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.87) between DLQI scores and Med Ad. The correlation between age and Med Ad was significantly negative (P < 0.01). Being female, married, employed and not paying for prescriptions were characteristics associated with increased Med Ad and a lower DLQI. Med Ad was greater for isotretinoin therapy and for first time usage of isotretinoin. The major reasons for missing treatment given by the patients were being fed up, forgetful or too busy. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol resulted in reduced Med Ad. The mean +/- SD interview Med Ad was 93.9 +/- 5% (range 85-100%).The study demonstrates that a range of disease-related and social factors may influence compliance with treatment in acne. The inverse relationship between DLQI and Med Ad probably reflects the profound interaction of physical and psychological factors as well as perceived treatment failure.
Packages of Care for Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: PLoS Medicine Series
Authors: Vikram Patel, Graham Thornicroft
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

In a Perspective article, Vikram Patel and Graham Thornicroft introduce a new series in PLoS Medicine on mental health disorders in low- and middle-income countries that reviews the evidence for packages of care for ADHD, alcohol misuse disorders, dementia, depression, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
Does the −514T gene promoter variant of hepatic lipase predict increased high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced risk of angiographic coronary artery disease?
Authors: Bryant M. Whiting, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Cory A. King, Jason McKinney, Joseph B. Muhlestein, Kaisorn Chaichana, Tami L. Bair, Sandra P. Reyna, Benjamin D. Horne, John F. Carlquist
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)