tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ON SUDDEN DEATH IN LABOR AND CHILDBED.
Authors: WILLIAM THOMPSON LUSK
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read before the Obstetrical Section of the American Medical Association, May, 1884. On the first of January of the present year at six o'clock in the morning I received a summons to attend a case of confinement. The patient belonged to the clientéle of Dr. Bangs, but owing to the illness of one of his children with scarlatina, he had from conscientious motives, requested the family to call upon me in case the labor should occur before the recovery of his child should place him at liberty to resume his midwifery practice. The patient was a very beautiful young woman, a primipara, 23 years of age, to all appearances in the enjoyment of excellent health, and full of happiness at the prospect of becoming a mother. In the bright sunshine of the early morning there was nothing to suggest the tragedy with which the day closed. The examination made upon
Distributive Justice and the New Medicine
Authors: Edward P. Richards
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY IN MICE
Authors: E. B. Jacobson, Johanna L'age-Stehr, Leonard A. Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Congenic mice, differing genetically only at the loci coding for immunoglobulin H chain (or Fc) structures, have been used to study cell interactions in the 7S (gammaG(2a)) antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), as detected by the Jerne plaque-forming cell (PFC) method. The interaction between thymus and bone marrow cells was studied in adult thymectomized irradiated recipients, protected with syngeneic bone marrow and injected with thymus cells from the partner congenic strain. All of the gammaG(2a) PFC detected in the spleens of these mice were of bone marrow allotype. Adoptive secondary immune responses were then studied to determine whether a similar interaction between memory cells and bone marrow derived cells could be detected. Primed spleen cells from the partner congenic strain, or a subpopulation of these cells obtained by BSA density gradient fractionation, were injected into irradiated recipients alone, or together with syngeneic nonimmune spleen or bone marrow cells. All gammaG(2a) PFC detected in these experiments were of primed cell allotype. There was no evidence that antibody forming cell precursors in normal spleen or bone marrow participate in the adoptive secondary immune response detected 7 days after transfer of primed spleen cells. This was true regardless of whether the bone marrow cells were injected at the time of transfer, or were injected 1-2 wk earlier and allowed to become established in the spleens of recipient mice. Although no specific cell interaction was seen, bone marrow (and, to a lesser degree, normal spleen) cells were found to have a nonspecific enhancing effect on the adoptive secondary response when they were injected together with the primed spleen cells. This enhancement was not evident if the bone marrow cells were injected 1 or 2 wk prior to primed cell transfer.
RELATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL DEPARTMENT TO A COMMUNITY HEALTH PROGRAM
Authors: WILLIAM ALFRED SAWYER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In the discussion of this rather broad subject of the relation of industrial medical work to community health, we must keep in mind, first, that a community health program is not a fixed routine but subject to development and growth. Second, all practicing physicians, consciously or unconsciously, intentionally or unintentionally, are<i>ipso facto</i>related to any community health progress, and the larger their sphere of contacts, the more significant is their relationship. Third, no single agency or group in any community is alone prepared or able to do everything that pertains to a community's health needs. Necessarily, certain needs in community health are supplied by private agencies and still others can and should be provided by health work in industry, as will be shown in the progress of this discussion. <h3>MUNICIPAL HEALTH DEPARTMENTS</h3> Community programs have many angles, and no two are alike. First of all there is the municipal
Removing Legal Barriers to High-Quality Care for HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Lara E. Szent-Gyorgyi, Sonali Desai, Daniel Kim, Paul E. Sax, Jeffrey O. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

HIV infection is now a chronic, treatable disease, and transmission is readily preventable. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend expanding HIV screening and eliminating unique requirements for informed consent, but not all states have done so.
Bristol Industrial Therapy Housing Association: A Contribution to Domestic Resettlement
Authors: D. F. Early
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A housing association for the rehabilitation of adults suffering from psychiatric illness now has six council houses, a former private hotel, and two large houses-providing a total of 100 places. The cost of full board and lodging is about pound6.00 a week; the association shows a small profit; and virtually all the residents are in open or sheltered work.
RHEUMATOID NODULES OF THE EYE
Authors: Everett L. Goar
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In 1930, Van der Hoeve<sup>1</sup>described two cases of a scleral disease that he named scleromalacia perforans. Verhoeff and King,<sup>2</sup>in 1938, found 14 cases in the literature, added 1 of their own, and discussed them before this section. They gave the first description (with the possible exception of a specimen reported by Holthouse in 1893 and mentioned by Smoleroff<sup>3</sup>in his report of three cases) of an eye in this condition that had been removed and studied microscopically. We have recently studied two cases, clinically and microscopically, that showed some features that emphasize the point that scleral disease, in the rheumatoid state, may give rise to complications that mask the original condition, so that, by the time the patient is seen by the last ophthalmologist to examine him, the origin of the disease may be obscured. Since the advent of cortisone and corticotropin, agents that promise
Induced Phenotype Targeted Therapy: Radiation-Induced Apoptosis-Targeted Chemotherapy
Authors: Beom Suk Lee, Yong Woo Cho, Gui Chul Kim, Do Hee Lee, Chang Jin Kim, Hee Seup Kil, Dae Yoon Chi, Youngro Byun, Soon Hong Yuk, Kwangmeyung Kim, In-San Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Sang Yoon Kim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Tumor heterogeneity and evolutionary complexity may underlie treatment failure in spite of the development of many targeted agents. We suggest a novel strategy termed induced phenotype targeted therapy (IPTT) to simplify complicated targets because of tumor heterogeneity and overcome tumor evolutionary complexity.We designed a caspase-3 specific activatable prodrug, DEVD-S-DOX, containing doxorubicin linked to a peptide moiety (DEVD) cleavable by caspase-3 upon apoptosis. To induce apoptosis locally in the tumor, we used a gamma knife, which can irradiate a very small, defined target area. The in vivo antitumor activity of the caspase-3-specific activatable prodrug combined with radiation was investigated in C3H/HeN tumor-bearing mice (n = 5 per group) and analyzed with the Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test. All statistical tests were two-sided. We confirmed the basic principle using a caspase-sensitive nanoprobe (Apo-NP).A single exposure of radiation was able to induce apoptosis in a small, defined region of the tumor, resulting in expression of caspase-3. Caspase-3 cleaved DEVD and activated the prodrug. The released free DOX further activated DEVD-S-DOX by exerting cytotoxic effects on neighboring tumor or supporting cells, which repetitively induced the expression of caspase-3 and the activation of DEVD-S-DOX. This sequential and repetitive process propagated the induction of apoptosis. This novel therapeutic strategy showed not only high efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth (14-day tumor volume [mm(3)] vs radiation alone: 848.21 ± 143.24 vs 2511.50 ± 441.89, P < .01) but also low toxicity to normal cells and tissues.Such a phenotype induction strategy represents a conceptually novel approach to overcome tumor heterogeneity and complexity as well as to substantially improve current conventional chemoradiotherapy with fewer sequelae and side effects.
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: Matthew J. Ellenhorn
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  We wish to pose some questions regarding the publication of an article' that marks one of the most unusual events in the long and illustrious history ofThe Journal: a theological discussion entitled On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ. 1   Why was a theological article published in a scientific journal?  This question will probably not be entirely answered by the editor, since it must relate to numerous contemporary trends or problems relating to American Christian religious life, the backgrounds of the writers (presumably Christian; one is a Methodist pastor), the views of the JAMA editor, and his perception of the interests and needs of the medical community, which JAMA has so admirably served for so many years.  The authors admit that the whole subject is shrouded in controversy, yet they have dignified their rationale for writing this document as an interdisciplinary investigation. They did not, they
Abstract 4480: New approaches to changing an enzyme into a cytotoxic agent: A novel way to stimulate DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II.
Authors: Anna Rogojina, Karin C. Nitiss, John L. Nitiss
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Topoisomerase poisons are important anti-cancer drugs, and include agents such as etoposide and doxorubicin that target eukaryotic topoisomerase II. Most topoisomerase II poisons act as interstitial inhibitors. This mode of inhibition depends on the coordination of the enzyme and DNA substrate to form a drug binding site. While recent structural studies have localized topoisomerase II poisons to the drug/DNA interface, our understanding of the mechanism of enzyme inhibition remains incomplete. We have combined genetic, biochemical, and structural approaches to identify regions of topoisomerase II that are important for drug action and identified sites near the active site tyrosine that contribute to drug sensitivity. Interestingly, we also identified amino acids near the C-terminal dimerization domain that also control DNA cleavage. Mutations in the C-terminal dimerization domain exhibit several unique characteristics. Importantly, we identified two mutants in the dimerization domain of yeast Top2 that could not be viably expressed in yeast mutants defective in double strand break repair. Expression of these mutants in repair proficient strains led to elevated rates of homologous recombination, suggesting that these mutant proteins are able to generate DNA damage even in the absence of topoisomerase II targeting agents. We purified the mutant proteins and demonstrated that they possess elevated levels of drug independent DNA cleavage, compared to wild type proteins. Elevated cleavage was only seen in the presence of ATP, indicating that the mutant proteins are likely defective in DNA religation at a specific step in the catalytic cycle, and that the C-terminal dimerization and DNA religation occurs by a coordinated process. Finally, we have also shown that homologous mutations in human topoisomerase II alpha generate effects similar to those described for the yeast protein. Taken together, these results suggest that it may be possible to identify potent allosteric inhibitors of topoisomerase II directed against the C-terminal catalytic domain of the protein. These hypothetical inhibitors may have unique therapeutic potential, especially because they represent an approach for isoform specific topoisomerase poisons. Citation Format: Anna Rogojina, Karin C. Nitiss, John L. Nitiss. New approaches to changing an enzyme into a cytotoxic agent: A novel way to stimulate DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4480. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4480
Angiographic follow-up of cutting balloon vs conventional balloon angioplasty. Results of the CUBA Study
Authors: C. Moris, A Bethencourt, M. Gómez-Recio, P. Bordes, J. Auge, R. Melgares, J. Hernandez, J. Zueco, J. Dominguez, J. Gorcolea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Points from Letters: General Practitioner Obstetrics
Authors: A. P. Millar
Journal: BMJ (1970)

refers I did not comment directly on the case for or against a large increase in number, but was concerned with the evi- dence indicating that the Royal Commission had failed to understand the mathematical basis on which they proposed an exponential expansion, and had thus reached a wholly unjustifiable conclusion about the number of doctors necessary.I also drew attention to the implications of an error of this magnitude, which could require perhaps the provision of 10,000 unnecessary doctors in 10 years, a number equivalent to the output of five new medical schools.As this appears a serious matter, one would expect the mathematical errors in this section of the report to have been ac- knowledged and corrected before now, since it must surely be necessary to prepare a new estimate based on less indefensible grounds.If, however, my conclusions are unjustified, it should be an easy matter to refute them.-Iam, etc.,
V843I, a Lung Cancer Predisposing EGFR Mutation, Is Responsible for Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Satsuki Matsushima, Kouki Ohtsuka, Hiroaki Ohnishi, Masachika Fujiwara, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Takeshi Morii, Tomonori Kishino, Hajime Goto, Takashi Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
The Third Version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale
Authors: Robert M Anderson, James T Fitzgerald, Martha M Funnell, Larry D Gruppen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to develop a third version of the Diabetes Attitude Scale (DAS-3) that is congruent with current scientific knowledge about diabetes, has improved subscale internal reliability scores, and is shorter than the earlier versions of this instrument. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The second DAS was revised and rewritten by a panel of diabetes experts, including patients, associated with the University of Michigan Diabetes Research and Training Center. The revised version of the instrument was sent to physicians, nurses, dietitians, and patients with diabetes. Completed and usable questionnaires were obtained from 384 patients with diabetes, 321 physicians, 540 nurses, and 569 dietitians. The total number of surveys used for these analyses was 1,814. RESULTS The study resulted in a revised DAS with 33 items and five discrete subscales. The subscales were attitudes toward the following: 1) need for special training to provide diabetes care, 2) seriousness of type 2 diabetes, 3) value of tight glucose control, 4) pyschosocial impact of diabetes, and 5) attitude toward patient autonomy. Overall, the subscale reliabilities of the DAS-3 were superior to the earlier versions of the scale. CONCLUSIONS The DAS-3 is a valid and reliable general measure of diabetes-related attitudes and is most suitable for comparisons across different groups of health care professionals and/or patients. The DAS-3 is also suitable for the evaluation of patient and/or professional education programs if those programs focus on the specific topic areas measured by the five DAS-3 subscales.
Budget cutting US Republicans try to end funds for family planning and health reform
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Newly elected Republicans in the House of Representatives have upheld campaign promises to cut government spending. They voted to eliminate funding to implement the health reform act and funding for organisations that provide family planning and contraception through the “Title X” programme, which mostly helps low income Americans.

They also eliminated funding for the Public Broadcasting System, similar to the BBC, and for a public service organisation called AmeriCorps and cut funds for border security and the District of Columbia.

All funding for Planned Parenthood, which offers family planning, contraception, cancer screening, and counselling services, was eliminated. The organisation received about $362m (£220m; €362m) in federal grants, which amounted to a third of its revenues, its 2008-9 annual report shows. Planned …
Dying by the way you live: AIF vs. caspases in apoptosis of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes
Authors: A. Clerk, P. H. Sugden
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Death of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes is implicated in the development of various cardiac pathologies.1,2 For example, following myocardial infarction, cell death in the infarct zone may occur by necrosis (i.e. unregulated cell death) and at least some cells in the border zone undergo apoptosis (i.e. programmed cell death). In the longer term, apoptosis occurs in the remote myocardium. The triggers probably include oxidative stresses, increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, and changes in intracellular pH. Preventing cardiomyocyte death may preserve cardiac function, so understanding the precise mode and mechanisms that operate is of great importance. These are likely to depend on the initiating apoptotic stimulus, the extracellular environment and, as highlighted in a study by Choudhury et al .3 in this issue, the intracellular environment.

The principal effectors of apoptosis are generally considered to be cysteine-dependent, aspartate-directed proteases–caspases.1,4 Apoptosis via the extrinsic pathway is mediated by cell death receptors that activate the initiator caspase, caspase 8. Alternatively, in the intrinsic pathway, mitochondria release cytochrome c (and other pro-apoptotic factors), leading to activation of caspase 9. These initiator caspases activate effector caspases such as caspase 3 to execute the apoptotic programme. However, apoptosis is not mediated exclusively by caspases. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is released from the mitochondrial intermembrane space along with cytochrome c and translocates to the nucleus, where it promotes DNA fragmentation probably through endonuclease G (EndoG). Although caspases potentially act in concert with AIF for efficient apoptosis, AIF may suffice to induce … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +44 20 7352 8121, Fax: +44 20 7823 3392, Email: a.clerk{at}imperial.ac.uk
Climate change could flood London any time after 2030, warns expert
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Rising sea levels and not rising temperatures are the main threat from climate change for people in the UK, according to an expert.

Professor Mark Maslin, director of the Environmental Institute at University College London, said that although adapting to warm wet winters and dry hot summers would not present too many difficulties to the UK population, coping with rising sea levels was another matter. 

Predictions indicate that sea levels will rise by 80 cm by 2080. Any time after 2030, the Thames barrier could be breached and London flooded, he told an informal debate on climate change and water held last week at Chatham House, …
Hospital apologises for remarks following after IVF mix-up
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A consultant gynaecologist whose in vitro fertilisation unit was closed after an embryo mix-up accepted a six figure libel settlement last week over comments made by her trust's medical director about her management of the unit.

St George's Healthcare NHS Trust in south London apologised to Geeta Nargund in a statement read out at the High Court in London and agreed to pay her a substantial five figure sum in damages and costs of more than £100 000 ($170 000; €145 000).

Mrs Nargund, 43, was medical director of the Diana Princess of Wales Centre for Reproductive Medicine until October 2002, when she was suspended on full pay and the unit …
IL-17 contributes to CD4-mediated graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Lucy W. Kappel, Gabrielle L. Goldberg, Christopher G. King, David Y. Suh, Odette M. Smith, Cassandra Ligh, Amanda M. Holland, Jeremy Grubin, Nicholas M. Mark, Chen Liu, Yoichiro Iwakura, Glenn Heller, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Blood (2008)
CHIROPRACTORS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES
Authors: A. D. Lazenby
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am attaching a pamphlet published by the Palmer School of Chiropractic, which lists some of the insurance companies alleged to have recognized chiropractic; among them is the Maryland Casualty Company. This is grossly false; the Maryland Casualty Company has never recognized chiropractic and never will, so long as the present medical organization exists. It is true that in some instances chiropractors' bills have been paid, where this has been compelled by law, but never, in a single instance, without vigorous protest. In the workmen's compensation department of this company, the services of a chiropractor are never recognized, and immediate steps are taken, as soon as information is received, to remove our injured employees from the hands of chiropractors to regular licensed physicians. In our personal injury, or accident and health department, we are not thus able to control our cases and frequently are compelled to accept