tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metformin Prevents Progression of Heart Failure in Dogs
Authors: Hideyuki Sasaki, Hiroshi Asanuma, Masashi Fujita, Hiroyuki Takahama, Masakatsu Wakeno, Shin Ito, Akiko Ogai, Masanori Asakura, Jiyoong Kim, Tetsuo Minamino, Seiji Takashima, Shoji Sanada, Masaru Sugimachi, Kazuo Komamura, Naoki Mochizuki, Masafumi Kitakaze
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Some studies have shown that metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and has a potent cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Because AMPK also is activated in animal models of heart failure, we investigated whether metformin decreases cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuates the progression of heart failure in dogs.Treatment with metformin (10 micromol/L) protected cultured cardiomyocytes from cell death during exposure to H2O2 (50 micromol/L) via AMPK activation, as shown by the MTT assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining, and flow cytometry. Continuous rapid ventricular pacing (230 bpm for 4 weeks) caused typical heart failure in dogs. Both left ventricular fractional shortening and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were significantly improved in dogs treated with oral metformin at 100 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) (n=8) (18.6+/-1.8% and 11.8+/-1.1 mm Hg, respectively) compared with dogs receiving vehicle (n=8) (9.6+/-0.7% and 22+/-0.9 mm Hg, respectively). Metformin also promoted phosphorylation of both AMPK and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, increased plasma nitric oxide levels, and improved insulin resistance. As a result of these effects, metformin decreased apoptosis and improved cardiac function in failing canine hearts. Interestingly, another AMPK activator (AICAR) had effects equivalent to those of metformin, suggesting the primary role of AMPK activation in reducing apoptosis and preventing heart failure.Metformin attenuated oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and prevented the progression of heart failure in dogs, along with activation of AMPK. Therefore, metformin may be a potential new therapy for heart failure.
Physicians' Attitudes and Approaches Are Pivotal In Procuring Organs for Transplantation
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

TRANSPLANT SURGEONS are the first to admit that they used to "browbeat" their neurosurgeon colleagues to help supply more organs for transplantation, an approach that often generated more animosity than kidneys. Today's professional interactions are much more collaborative, and fruitful. As of October 1988, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Richmond, Va, has enjoyed an ongoing collaboration with the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The joint initiative has worked to assess educational needs and develop strategies that will encourage more organ donations. The collaboration is just one dimension of a recent ground swell of activity aimed at increasing organ donation—by far the most pressing issue facing transplantation today. Proposed solutions range from the obvious to the offbeat, and most focus on the<i>way</i>the request for donation is made. <h3>More Than Just Asking</h3> Two recent studies demonstrate how the style and timing of
Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in coronary microvascular autoregulatory responses.
Authors: T Komaru, K G Lamping, C L Eastham, K C Dellsperger
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ATP-sensitive potassium channels mediate autoregulatory vasodilatation of coronary arterioles in vivo. Experiments were performed in 23 open-chest anesthetized dogs. Coronary arterial microvascular diameters were directly measured with fluorescence microangiography using an intravital microscope and stroboscopic epi-illumination synchronized to the cardiac cycle. A mild coronary stenosis (perfusion pressure = 60 mm Hg), a critical coronary stenosis (perfusion pressure = 40 mm Hg), and complete coronary artery occlusion were produced with an occluder around the left anterior descending coronary artery in the presence or absence of glibenclamide (10(-5) M, topically), which inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channels, or of vehicle. During topical application of vehicle (0.01% dimethyl sulfoxide), there was dilatation of small (less than 100 microns diameter) arterioles during reductions in perfusion pressure (percent change in diameter: 6.7 +/- 1.5%, 11.7 +/- 3.5%, and 10.4 +/- 5.1% during mild stenosis, critical stenosis, and complete occlusion, respectively). In the presence of glibenclamide, arteriolar dilatations during coronary stenoses and occlusions were abolished. Glibenclamide did not affect responses of arterioles greater than 100 microns. Glibenclamide did not alter microvascular responses to nitroprusside. These data suggest that ATP-sensitive potassium channels play an important role in determining the coronary microvascular response to reductions in perfusion pressure.
Case 1-1968
Authors: Bernard M. Jacobson, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

PRESENTATION OF CASEFirst admission. An eighty-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a painless lump in the left breast. For an unknown period she had had ankle edema, dyspnea on mild exertion and orthopnea, for which she had taken digitalis and phenobarbital. She also complained of nocturia, urinary frequency and stress incontinence, without dysuria. A firm nodule, 4 cm in diameter, was palpable in the upper, outer quadrant of the left breast. The urine gave a trace test tor protein, and the sediment contained 15 white cells per high-power field; cultures yielded no growth. The white-cell count . . .
Does a single Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation predict COPD mortality?
Authors: Afroditi K. Boutou, Yogini Raste, Jeremy Reid, Khalid Alshafi, Michael I. Polkey, Nicholas S. Hopkinson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

To the Editor: 

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often suffer from acute exacerbations (AECOPD) of their disease, which have a significant impact on their health status [1]. Evidence suggests that ∼50% of these exacerbations are attributable to bacteria [2]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause AECOPD and is associated with reduced survival in cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis [3, 4]. Some studies have found that the presence of P. aeruginosa is also associated with mortality in COPD, but these findings have been based on patients hospitalised with exacerbations [5, 6] or those hospitalised with multidrug-resistant organisms [7].

The impact of P. aeruginosa identified in sputum from COPD outpatients is less clear but is an important issue for determining how aggressive strategies to attempt eradication should be. Therefore, we conducted a nested case–control study to investigate whether the isolation of P. aeruginosa in the sputum of a general COPD population was associated with long-term mortality.

We first identified all sputum specimen results from Royal Brompton Hospital (London, UK) microbiology records between 2000 and 2012. These were cross-correlated with patients listed on our COPD research audit database. The reason for obtaining a sputum culture was not recorded systematically, but included repeated exacerbations and deterioration in symptom severity and/or clinical status, as well as opportunistic collection from patients with chronic sputum production. The laboratory threshold for a culture to be considered P. aeruginosa positive was 200 CFU·mL−1 (a semi-quantitative method). For patients with repeated positive sputum cultures the date of the first culture was recorded. Demographic variables, lung function measurements, gas transfer data, arterial blood gases and exacerbation frequency during the year prior to entering the study were recorded for all patients.

All analyses were performed using …
Giant Mitochondria of the Renal Proximal Tubules: A Clinicopathological Study.
Authors: Robert C. Muehrcke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Giant Mitochondria of the Renal Proximal Tubules: A Clinicopathological Study.Robert C. Muehrcke, F.A.C.P., Luna Ghosh, M.D., Frederick I. Volini, M.D.Robert C. Muehrcke, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Luna Ghosh, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frederick I. Volini, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-832_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThree patients with renal glycosuria and proteinuria were evaluated by tubular function tests and kidney biopsy, using light and electron microscopy (EM). A schoolgirl aged 6 and two men aged 26 and 28 years were without symptoms. On a routine physical examination proteinuria and glycosuria were found. The 24-hr proteinuria ranged from 1.2 to 2.5 g, and the 24-hr glycosuria varied from 0.3 to 1.1 g. Except for glycosuria the 4-hr oral glucose tolerance test was normal. Quantitative urinary alpha amino acids, the urinary acidification test, and urinary concentration tests were normal. The 24-hr urinary potassium excretion was increased, and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert C. Muehrcke, F.A.C.P.; Luna Ghosh, M.D.; Frederick I. Volini, M.D.Affiliations: Oak Park, Ill. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 832-832KeywordsAmino acidsAttentionBiopsyElectron microscopyExcretionKidneysMitochondriaOral glucose tolerance testPotassiumProteinuria ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Der psychologische Engpass in der Rheumatologie
Authors: A. Weintraub
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

A great number of so-called 'rheumatic' pains are of psychosomatic nature, generally known as 'psychogenic rheumatism' or ''fibrositis'. The author prefers the nomenclature appropriate to localisation and species of pains. Therefore the following division is proposed: (1) Psychosomatic cervicalgia; it is to be taken as a sign of persistence with which a man saves his face in a difficult situation. (2) Psychosomatic dorsalgia; equivalent to sorrow and discouragement or a compensating upright compulsory attitude. (3) Psychosomatic lumbago; corresponding to psychical overstress or sexual frustration. (4) Psychosomatic brachialgia, especially Epicondylitis expressing a concealed aggression in the sense of a clenched fist on which increased chronic muscle tension stereotyped movements are grafted. The physician must know these psychosomatic facts and his therapy should be adapted accordingly. Besides a muscle relaxing physical and medical treatment a therapeutical dialogue is also indicated.
Apocrine Sweat Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Harmandeep Singh, Punit Sharma, Sudhir Suman Kc, Chandrasekhar Bal, Arun Malhotra, Pramod Kumar Julka, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Primary apocrine sweat gland carcinomas (PASGCs) are rare tumors, commonly located in the axilla. Metastases are common and confer poor prognosis. Given the rarity of these tumors, there is limited knowledge regarding its diagnosis and management. Here we show 18F-FDG PET/CT images of a 61-year-old man with PASGCs of the left axilla. PET/CT confirmed the diagnosis as primary axillary malignancy with nodal, pulmonary, and skeletal metastases. Another interesting finding in this case was the presence of FDG-avid calcified metastatic lymph nodes during the initial evaluation. Follow-up PET/CT showed progression of the disease. FDG PET/CT seems to be a promising tool in the management of PASGCs.
Interesting Notes from Europe.
Authors: J. N. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Vienna, Austria, July 21, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I hope a few notes as to medical matters in Vienna will be of interest to your readers, and especially to those intending to visit here. The American contingent here at present is said to be unusually large, while surprisingly few students of other nationalities are encountered. I have seen some half dozen from Great Britain and a few from other European countries, while in June there were 150 Americans. At least half of these are practitioners of some years' standing. The middle west has probably as many representatives as there are from the remainder of the United States; Ohio, Illinois and Wisconsin are particularly prominent in the list. Professor Albrecht finished his work here June 27, and after a vacation goes to another hospital as pathologist. His magnificent course in gross pathology is deservedly very popular among the Americans, all but
322. Tumor Specific Activation of Irinotecan by a Carboxylesterase Fused with Anti CEA scFv
Authors: Junji Uchino, koichi Takayama, Tomomichi Sone, akiko Harada, Taishi Harada, David T. Curiel, Yoichi Nakanishi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an anticancer agent for the treatment of cancer. CPT-11 can be considered as a prodrug, since it needs to be activated into the toxic drug SN-38 by the enzyme carboxylesterase. However, CPT-11 may induce a severe diarrhea and bone marrow suppression as adverse effects, we should sometimes interrupt the treatment of cancer for that. Tumor specific activation of CPT-11 is a possible strategy to avoid the severe toxicities by reducing the serum concentration of CPT-11. In this study, we constructed a human liver carboxylesterase-2 fused with an anti CEA scFv as a targeting molecule. The enzyme is designed to be secreted by the deletion of cellular retention signal. This recombinant enzyme may anchor on the tumor cell surface CEA, and metabolize CPT-11 extracellularly. This could enhance the antitumour efficacy by exerting a bystander effect on neighboring cells. In addition a secreted tumour-targeted form of carboxylesterase should prevent leakage of the enzyme from the site of the tumour into the circulation. This fusion protein showed CPT-11 activation to SN-38 and specific binding to CEA expressing cells. In combination with CPT-11 the recombinant carboxylesterase protein exerted antiproliferative effects on human cancer cells. The recombinant enzyme is, therefore, a promising new tool for enzyme prodrug therapy for the treatment of carcinoma with CPT-11.
Defective corticotropin-releasing hormone mediated neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in cholestatic rats: Implications for cholestatic liver disease–related sickness behaviors
Authors: Mark G. Swain, Mirjana Maric
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Nonspecific systemic complaints are commonly encountered in patients with cholestatic liver diseases. However, the cause of these symptoms is poorly understood. Because corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been implicated as a mediator of sickness-related systemic symptoms, we examined CRH-mediated neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in rats with cholestasis due to bile duct resection (BDR) or sham resected (sham) controls. BDR and sham rats were placed individually in an open field apparatus, and the number of inner and outer squares entered, as well as the number of fecal boli produced, counted over a 5-minute period. Fecal boli production and inner squares entered are dependent on central CRH release. BDR and sham rats entered the same number of outer squares; however, BDR rats entered significantly fewer inner squares and produced fewer fecal boli than did sham rats, suggesting defective central CRH release in BDR rats. Immediately after exposure to the open field, rats were killed and blood adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels measured. ACTH release is dependent on central CRH release. BDR rats demonstrated significantly lower plasma ACTH levels after exposure to an open field than did sham animals. To further explore the central CRH defect in BDR rats, hypothalamic CRH contents were determined in BDR and sham rats with and without exposure to restraint stress. BDR rats had significantly lower basal hypothalamic CRH levels than sham animals, and CRH levels did not further decrease in BDR rats with restraint stress (as normally occurs). These results are consistent with defective CRH-mediated responses in cholestatic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thyroid Function Tests-Which One?
Authors: APOSTOLOS G. VAGENAKIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorials1 May 1976Thyroid Function Tests-Which One?APOSTOLOS G. VAGENAKIS, M.D., LEWIS E. BRAVERMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.APOSTOLOS G. VAGENAKIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEWIS E. BRAVERMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-607 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA multitude of thyroid function tests are now available to the clinician to aid in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Unfortunately, the laboratory test that is requested may not be appropriate, and the test result may lead to the wrong diagnosis and treatment. Some of the problems are due to the vast number of available tests, the confusing terms used to describe the tests, and the failure of many physicians to understand exactly what is measured in the requested test. Recently, Britton and associates (1) suggested a strategy for thyroid function tests that results in more than 98% accuracy in...References1. BRITTONQUINNBROWN KVB: A strategy for thyroid function tests. Br Med J 3:350-352, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. UTIGER R: Serum triiodothyronine in man. Annu Rev Med 25:289-302, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHOPRA I: A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3, 3′5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3). J Clin Invest 54:583-592, 1975 CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. INGBARBRAVERMAN SL: Active form of thyroid hormone. Annu Rev Med 26:443-449, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TOFTIRVINESETH AWJ: Thyroid function in the long term follow-up of patients treated with iodine-131 for thyrotoxicosis. Lancet 2:576-578, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. GLUCKNUSYNOWITZPLYMATE FMS: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis and low radioactive iodine uptake. N Engl J Med 293:624-628, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThyroid Status of 38 Fibromyalgia PatientsGraves' disease: An analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptomsA Fundamental Approach to the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Thyroid GlandScreening and diagnosis of hyperthyroidism: an attempt at test reduction.A Study of Thyroid Function in Psychiatric In-patientsSCREENING FOR THYROMETABOLIC DISORDERSThyroid nodules—benign or malignant? 1 May 1976Volume 84, Issue 5Page: 607-608KeywordsLaboratory testsThyroidThyroid diseases Issue Published: 1 May 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Phospholipase A2 controls the induction of short-term versus long-term depression in the cerebellar Purkinje neuron in culture
Authors: David J. Linden
Journal: Neuron (1995)

Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) may be reliably induced in the cultured Purkinje neuron when glutamate pulses and Purkinje neuron depolarization are applied together 6 times. When the number of these conjunctive stimuli was reduced to 2, a short-term depression (STD) lasting 20-40 min was induced in 4/12 cells. The enzyme phospholipase A2 cleaves membrane phospholipids causing liberation of free unsaturated fatty acids, which in turn synergistically activate protein kinase C when present with diacylglycerol and Ca. Application of free unsaturated fatty acids with 2 conjunctive stimuli resulted in an apparent conversion of STD cases to LTD. Application of phospholipase A2 inhibitors during 6 conjunctions converted LTD to STD. These findings suggest a model in which liberation of unsaturated fatty acids by phospholipase A2 contributes to a synergistic activation of protein kinase C, the full activation of which results in LTD induction, and the partial activation of which results in STD induction.
Lung Purpura With Nephritis
Authors: N L Rusby, C Wilson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1965)

is was diagnosed on histological examination of the kidneys after death. We regard the term, Goodpasture's syndrome, as a misnomer when applied to the condition under discussion. In this review, particular attention will be paid to the differential diagnosis, the pathological findings in the lung and kidney, and the reasons for regarding the condition as belonging to the collagen or autoimmune group of disorders. The relationship between lung purpura with nephritis and idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis will also be briefly considered. It is first necessary to define the clinical and pathological features of the disease. CLINICAL FEATURES
Observations on the Ultracentrifugal Pattern of Serum Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: L. Villa, A. Fasoli, F. Salteri, C. B. Ballabio
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1960)

Recent evidence has demonstrated that the serum protein alterations commonly present in rheumatoid arthritis, though following the general pattern of chronic infectious diseases (that is hypoalbuminaemia, hyperalphaand hypergamma-globulinaemia), show some distinctive features that may be specific for this disease.The most evident among these features is the presence of globulins with a high sedimentation constant (Sw, (Franklin, Holman, MUller-Eberhard, and Kunkel, 1957;.Kuhn, 1959); it is believed that the 22S fraction derives from the association of a globulin of the normal 7S class with a protein macromolecule (19S) that is responsible for the serological reactions termed collectively the rheumatoid factor (Franklin and Kunkel, 1958; Kunkel, Franklin, and Miller- Eberhard, 1959; Vaughan, 1959).A close relation between the level of this component and the severity of the clinical picture has been observed (Franklin, Kunkel, and Ward, 1958;Kuhn, 1959).The exact significance of this fraction in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis is still unknown; it has been suggested that it may play a role in determining vascular and perivascular lesions that are an essen- tial feature of the disease (Christian, 1958; Epstein and Engleman, 1959); furthermore, its precipitation in tissues, as a consequence of an immunological reaction, may have a pathogenic role (Franklin, Kunkel, and Ward, 1958; Kunkel, 1959; Vaughan and Orbison, 1959).However, these hypotheses are far from being substantiated by direct evidence and a more detailed knowledge of the protein
ANGIOGRAPHIC AND NUCLEAR IMAGING PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY (CRT) IN ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Abhishek Bose, Jagdesh Kandala, Gaurav Upadhyay, Imad Ahmado, Robert Altman, Lindsay Riedl, Lawrence J. Mulligan, Jagmeet Singh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)