tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rheumatology: A Primary Care Approach
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is a good primer for students, residents, and health professionals who would like a glimpse into rheumatology. It contains three sections. The first details the history and physical examination in rheumatology, the helpful laboratory and radiological studies, and the procedure of obtaining and studying joint fluid. The second section presents the various syndromic patterns that afflict the joints and supporting structures but does not scant fibrositis and other important, albeit histologically nonconfirmable, diseases. The final section discusses management, covering not merely drug treatment but also rehabilitation, surgery, and the various questionable practices and outright quackery that are commonplace in the treatment of chronic diseases, such as arthritis.  Most of the patterns of presentation are not only discussed but presented in tabular form (in some instances with indication of the frequency of occurrence of these manifestations) to aid in differential diagnosis. Several algorithms are featured to help in decision
Study of toxocaral infection in dog breeders.
Authors: A W Woodruff, D de Savigny, D E Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Cervical spine injuries in Rugby Union footballThe BM7, in a leading article on rugby injuries to the cervical cord,' referred to the low incidence of serious neck injuries.Experience in Cardiff over the past few years, however, suggests that these lesions are becoming more common.This prompted us to review all such cases treated in the Cardiff Royal Infirmary over the past four years to assess the true extent of the problem and to analyse the mechanisms involved, thereby hoping to identify some preventive measures. Cases and lesionsAltogether nine patients were identified who had been injured in the four playing seasons since 1974.Five of them had suffered spinal cord damage.All were recalled for review and closely questioned about the circumstances of their injury.Eye witnesses were also interviewed when possible.The details of the cases are shown in the table.The predominant lesion was a dislocation or subluxation of the mid-cervical spine.Scrum injuries pre- dominated, accounting for five cases, while the remainder occurred either during or immediately after a tackle.Most of the injuries happened early in the season: only two out of the nine occurred after the relevant 1 January.There was also an association with inexperience.Four injuries occurred in schoolboy matches and one player, although aged 22, had played only 10 games in one previous season.
PP2A: a new link between peroxynitrite and endothelial barrier dysfunction?
Authors: Q. Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

This editorial refers to 'Peroxynitrite-dependent activation of protein phosphatase type 2A mediates microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction' by Wu and Wilson, 1 pp.38-45, this issue.Recent studies have identified many important signalling pathways that regulate endothelial cell (EC) barrier functions during physiological and pathological conditions.Understanding how these signalling pathways target their downstream effectors and thereby coordinate changes in EC cytoskeleton, junctional adhesion molecules and integrins to regulate EC barrier functions has been the focus of many recent studies.An interesting study by Wu and Wilson addresses the role of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in regulating microvascular EC barrier dysfunction induced by LPS plus interferon (IFNg). 1 The authors used mouse skeletal microvascular ECs and demonstrate that PP2A is required for the development of EC barrier dysfunction induced by LPS plus IFNg.Moreover, the investigators presented a series of carefully conducted biochemical analyses showing that LPS plus IFNg cause an increase in the activity of PP2A, tyrosine nitration of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac), and a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of PP2Ac, in a manner that depends on NADPH oxidase and inducible NO synthase (iNOS).These data raise the hypothesis that peroxynitrite targets PP2Ac by inducing its tyrosine nitration, a response that correlates with decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of PP2Ac and increases in its activity.The experiments using exogenous peroxynitrite supported this hypothesis: peroxynitrite induced tyrosine nitration of PP2Ac, decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of PP2Ac, enhanced PP2Ac activity, and increased EC permeability.These data suggest that PP2Ac is a downstream target of peroxynitrite generated by LPS plus IFNg and plays important roles in regulating EC barrier dysfunction.This study carefully examined the activity of PP2A in ECs and presented several novel and interesting findings.These data also underline the importance of defining the uniqueness of signalling pathways in primary ECs.Although PP2A has been
The 10 commandments of the diabetic foot
Authors: Nikolaos Papanas, Efstratios Maltezos, Audrey Edmonds, Michael Edmonds
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following The 10 commandments of the diabetic foot Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Housing and health: Accidents at home.
Authors: S Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Every year there are about 5500 fatal accidents in British homes (some two fifths of all fatal accidents).A further 2 2 million people have non-fatal accidents at home needing hospital treatment, and another 900 000 are dealt with by general practitioners.The cost of domestic accidents to the health service in England and Wales is about £300 000 a year.' Statistical information about non-fatal domestic accidents has been collected since 1976 by the Depart- ment of Trade and Industry, based on attendance records at the accident departments of 20 hospitals.Information about fatal accidents is held in the home accident deaths database, and the Home Office publishes annual statistics about accidents involving fire.
Nurse Case Management To Improve Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Ronald E. Aubert, William H. Herman, Janice Waters, William Moore, David Sutton, Bercedis L. Peterson, Cathy M. Bailey, Jeffrey P. Koplan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Control of hyperglycemia delays or prevents complications of diabetes, but many persons with diabetes do not achieve optimal control. Objective: To compare diabetes control in patients receiving nurse case management and patients receiving usual care. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Primary care clinics in a group-model health maintenance organization (HMO). Patients: 17 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 121 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Intervention: The nurse case manager followed written management algorithms under the direction of a family physician and an endocrinologist. Changes in therapy were communicated to primary care physicians. All patients received ongoing care through their primary care physicians. Measurements: The primary outcome, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value, was measured at baseline and at 12 months. Fasting blood glucose levels, medication type and dose, body weight, blood pressure, lipid levels, patient-perceived health status, episodes of severe hypoglycemia, and emergency department and hospital admissions were also assessed. Results: 72% of patients completed follow-up. Patients in the nurse case management group had mean decreases of 1.7 percentage points in HbA1c values and 43 mg/dL (2.38 mmol/L) in fasting glucose levels; patients in the usual care group had decreases of 0.6 percentage points in HbA1c values and 15 mg/dL (0.83 mmol/L) in fasting glucose levels (P < 0.01). Self-reported health status improved in the nurse case management group (P = 0.02). The nurse case management intervention was not associated with statistically significant changes in medication type or dose, body weight, blood pressure, or lipids or with adverse events. Conclusions: A nurse case manager with considerable management responsibility can, in association with primary care physicians and an endocrinologist, help improve glycemic control in diabetic patients in a group-model HMO.
Levothyroxine Dosage After Thyroidectomy for Metastatic Papillary Cancer-Reply
Authors: Boy Frame
Journal: JAMA (1976)

When dealing with TSH-dependent thyroid cancer, it would appear wise to err on the side of maximal TSH suppression. Most would be willing to trade off a slight risk of thyroxine-induced osteopenia for adequate TSH suppression. I would not quibble with Dr Caplan's suggestion of giving 0.3 mg/day of levothyroxine sodium in such a patient. The longterm deleterious effect on bone with the larger dose would appear to be minimal. The possibility of measuring maximal TSH suppression with TRH is interesting and is worthy of study.
DEPLETION OF B-CELLS WITH RITUXIMAB IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND REDUCES INFLAMMATION AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Priscilla Hsue, Carl Grunfeld, John Imboden, Yuaner Wu, Rebecca Scherzer, Saira Mohammed, Gus del Puerto, Amanda Schnell Heringer, Peter Ganz, Jonathan Graf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice expressing the hepatitis B virus X-protein
Authors: Dae-Yeul Yu, Hyung-Bae Moon, Jin-Kyong Son, Sangkyun Jeong, Seong-Lan Yu, Heesik Yoon, Yong-Mahn Han, Chul-Sang Lee, Jung-Sun Park, Chul-Ho Lee, Byung-Hwa Hyun, Seishi Murakami, Kyung-Kwang Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Abstract 2465: p53-dependent and independent functions of Mieap
Authors: Yasuyuki Nakamura, Hiroki Kamino, Yuri Saito, Hitoya Sano, Hirofumi Arakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Mieap, a p53-inducible protein, plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial quality control (MQC) by repairing or eliminating unhealthy mitochondria1-4. To investigate physiological significance of the Mieap-regulated MQC, we generated and analyzed the Mieap-KO mice. (1) p53-dependent: Hypoxia induced Mieap expression and accumulation of lysosomal proteins within mitochondria in WT MEFs, but not Mieap-/- and p53-/- MEFs. Mieap-/- and p53-/- MEFs exhibited accumulation of oxidized mitochondrial proteins and increased ROS generation by unhealthy mitochondria under hypoxia, which enhanced cell migration and invasion. (2) p53-dependent: Mieap+/- / ApcMIN/+ mice displayed a shortening of the lifetime, compared to the ApcMIN/+ mice (average life-span: Mieap+/- / ApcMIN/+ mice vs ApcMIN/+ mice = 19.1 weeks vs 24.4 weeks), suggesting that Mieap deficiency may affect intestinal tumorigenesis. (3) p53-independent: Mieap was highly expressed in the midpiece, where the sperm mitochondria are localized, of the sperm in WT mice. This Mieap expression was independent on p53. Mieap-/- mice are fertile in vivo. However, in vitro fertilization of Mieap-/- sperm was severely impaired because of a failure of sperm motility. The oxidized proteins were dramatically accumulated in the midpiece of Mieap-/- sperm. These results, taken together, suggest that Mieap plays a crucial role in protection of the cell against oxidative stresses probably through its MQC function. This may also largely contribute to p53 tumor suppression. 1. Miyamoto Y et al. PLoS ONE 6: e16054, 2011 2. Kitamura N et al. PLoS ONE 6: e16060, 2011 3. Nakamura Y et al. PLoS ONE 7: e30767, 2012 4. Miyamoto T et al. Sci Rep 2: 379, 2012 Citation Format: Yasuyuki Nakamura, Hiroki Kamino, Yuri Saito, Hitoya Sano, Hirofumi Arakawa. p53-dependent and independent functions of Mieap. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2465. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2465
Chromium Supplementation and Diabetes
Authors: A. Wise
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Because chromiumdeficient rats exhibit a diabetic state that is easily corrected by a single dose of chromium (III), it is natural to wonder whether chromium deficiency may be a cause of human diabetes. It appears that a chromium complex facilitates the action of insulin.<sup>1</sup>A single dose of 250 μg of chromium (III) was found to improve glucose tolerance in some cases of infant malnutrition, and many recently published textbooks state that there are beneficial effects of chromium (III) supplementation in patients who have poor glucose tolerance. This information is based on the results of several experiments in the United States, and it was decided to repeat them in Iran. Nine hospitalized patients with abnormal fasting glucose levels (106 to 378 mg/dl) were given chromium (1 mg/day as Cr Cl<sub>3</sub>) for six days. Previous reports have discussed the effect of chromium only on glucose tolerance,
Book Review Child Maltreatment: A clinical guide and reference Edited by James A. Monteleone and Armand E. Brodeur. 502 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, G.W. Medical, 1994. $95. 1-878060-10-4 Child Maltreatment: A comprehensive photographic reference identifying potential child abuse Edited by James A. Monteleone. 266 pp., illustrated. St. Louis, G.W. Medical, 1994. $110. 1-878060-13-9
Authors: William G. Bithoney, Ronald C. Samuels
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Severe Attenuation of the B Cell Immune Response in Msh2-deficient Mice
Authors: Kalpit A. Vora, Kathleen M. Tumas-Brundage, Vicky M. Lentz, Aaron Cranston, Richard Fishel, Tim Manser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Recently, results obtained from mice with targeted inactivations of postreplication DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes have been interpreted to demonstrate a direct role for MMR in antibody variable (V) gene hypermutation. Here we show that mice that do not express the MMR factor Msh2 have wide-ranging defects in antigen-driven B cell responses. These include lack of progression of the germinal center (GC) reaction associated with increased intra-GC apoptosis, severely diminished antigen-specific immunoglobulin G responses, and near absence of anamnestic responses. Mice heterozygous for the Msh2 deficiency display an “intermediate” phenotype in these regards, suggesting that normal levels of Msh2 expression are critical for the B cell response. Interpretation of the impact of an MMR deficiency on the mechanism of V gene somatic hypermutation could be easily confounded by these perturbations.
Epidemiology of AIDS in females with hemophilia and other chronic bleeding disorders in the united states: Comparisons with males with chronic bleeding disorders and AIDS and with nonhemophilic female blood‐transfusion recipients with AIDS
Authors: Robert C. Holman, Matthew J. Clarke, Bruce L. Evatt, Terence L. Chorba
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

From January 1, 1981 through June 30, 1990, 32 females with chronic bleeding disorders were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States. Most (81.3%) were white and greater than or equal to 30 years of age, with a median age of 37.5 years. Eighteen (56.3%) had von Willebrand's disease. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported for 16 (50%). None had Kaposi sarcoma. The median survival time was 10.8 months, with a cumulative probability of survival at 1 year of 47.3% and at 2 years of 27.6%. We compared the demographic data and survival times of these females with those of males with a chronic bleeding disorder and AIDS, and with those of nonhemophilic females with AIDS whose exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was through receipt of blood transfusions, blood components, or tissue. The principal demographic difference was age distribution. The females with chronic bleeding disorders tended to be younger than the transfused, nonhemophilic females, but older than the males. The survival time from AIDS diagnosis to death for the females with chronic bleeding disorders did not differ statistically from that of the other two groups, although older nonhemophilic females whose exposure was transfusion may progress more rapidly to AIDS.
A glimpse of a better future for Zimbabwe
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum in the first trimester of pregnancy and thereafter largely by the placenta. Urinary levels of the metabolite pregnanediol are frequently taken as an index of placental progesterone production, but not more than 20% of the hormone is excreted as urinary pregnanediol.<sup>1</sup>
STUDIES ON THE DEGRANULATION OF HUMAN BASOPHIL LEUCOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: K. R. HAYE, J. R. COOPER, C. N. D. CRUICKSHANK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY.— Ninety‐five subjects were examined clinically and skin tested for immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity. Their basophils were subjected to direct degranulation tests. Of 32 of those with definite evidence of Type 1 “immediate” hypersensitivity, 21 showed excessive degranulation of their basophils when exposed to specific allergen in vitro. None of 9 patients with allergic contact dermatitis or of 11 patients with chronic non‐allergic urticaria gave a positive direct basophil test. Forty‐three normal subjects also gave negative tests. Sera from 48 normal and allergic subjects were tested in the indirect system using rabbit basophils. A non‐specific toxic effect on the basophils was found in 19 of these. Of 19 allergic sera, which were not toxic, 13 caused degranulation of rabbit basophils in vitro. None of the 10 non‐toxic normal sera caused degranulation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Abstract 4233: The protein ps20 increases resistance to docetaxel in PC3 and LNCAP prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Christine Galustian, Oliver Hickman, Richard A.G. Smith, Angus G. Dalgleish, Osamu Ukimura, Indebir S. Gill, Annapurna Vyakarnam, Prokar Dasgupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction The protein ps20 encoded by the WFDC1 gene, is a member of a protein family containing conserved whey-4-disulphide-core (WFDC) domains. Ps20 is upregulated in prostate cancer epithelium and expression is thought to correlate with disease progression. The aim of this study was to determine whether ps20 expressed by prostate cancer cells also increases docetaxel resistance. Methods The cell-lines LNCaP and PC3 express low endogenous ps20, but were transfected with empty vector (EV) or WFDC1 gene vectors that increase WFDC1 RNA and ps20 protein expression by over 100% as measured by qPCR and ELISA. Docetaxel was added from 0.001nM –1µM with or without ps20 antibody (1G7) and cell-killing was assessed by MTT after 48 hours. Results EV-transfected PC3 and LNCaP cells have docetaxel IC50s of 0.223+/-0.05 and 0.16+/- 0.09nM respectively. In WFDC1-transfected PC3 and LNCAP, IC50s are increased to 0.677+/-0.11 and 0.326+/-0.05nM respectively (p&amp;lt;0.001 by paired t-test). Therefore there is a 303% and 203% increase in docetaxel IC50s in PC3 and LNCaP respectively. However, when WFDC1-cells are incubated with docetaxel and ps20 antibody, IC50s are lower than those with EV cells (0.04+/-0.03 and 0.07+/-0.02nM for PC3 and LNCaP respectively, p&amp;lt;0.01 by paired t-test). Therefore, endogenous WFDC1/ps20 on PC3 and LNCaP cells may contribute to docetaxel resistance. Conclusions Ps20 expression by prostate cancer cells is associated with increased resistance to docetaxel- a gold-standard chemotherapy for castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Inhibition of WFDC1/ps20 expression on prostate cancer cells may therefore represent one mechanism of restoring sensitivity in patients that are refractory to docetaxel. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4233. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4233
The Treatment of Vasculitis of the Central Nervous System-Reply
Authors: Gary M. Kammer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Calabrese and Mallek raise a central issue regarding the appropriate length of treatment of central nervous system vasculitis. The point of publishing our CASE REPORT was to illustrate a circumstance in which the duration of treatment of central nervous system vasculitis in a patient who soon became asymptomatic could not be accurately estimated by any currently available laboratory or roentgenographic procedures other than cerebral angiography. Surprisingly, the literature provides no guidelines by which to gauge the efficacy of therapy for vasculitis of the central nervous system. When a patient becomes asymptomatic, it is presumed that his vasculitic lesions have healed, and therapy is gradually withdrawn. Our case demonstrates that an asymptomatic patient may yet display roentgenographic evidence of vasculitis. Since there is no histopathologic information that correlates the extent of healing as shown roentgenographically with the amount of cellular infiltrate and deposition of immunoglobulins and complement in
LEFT MAIN CULPRIT LESION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PRIOR CORONARY BYPASS GRAFTING: PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION OUTCOMES.
Authors: William B. Hillegass, Vijay K. Misra, Brigitta C. Brott, John C. Messenger, LLoyd W. Klein, Tracy Y. Wang, Silvio E. Papapietro, David Dai, Fang-Shu Ou, Gilbert J. Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Placental Proteins and Their Subunits as Tumor Markers
Authors: SAUL W. ROSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Placental proteins and their unique subunits are not normally detected in the circulation, even with immunoassays sensitive to 1 ng/ml. Their presence in the serum of a man or nonpregnant woman indicates neoplasm. Placental lactogen, chorionic gonadotropin, and placental alkaline phosphatase have been extensively studied, and some retrospective prevalence data are available for these discordantly produced tumor "markers." Their serum concentrations have also been useful, in certain cases, to help monitor response to therapy. Chorionic thyrotrophin, a newly described placental protein, has not yet been as well characterized. Ectopic placental alkaline phosphatase produced by a bronchogenic carcinoma has been purified from hepatic metastases, and its properties (including peptide maps) have been indistinguishable from alkaline phosphatase purified from placenta. Recent elucidation of the subunit nature of the glycoprotein trophic hormones and development of sensitive and specific assays for their determination has led to recognition of instances, both in vivo and in vitro, of unbalanced and even isolated production of such subunits by tumors.
Antigen-Specific T-Cell Anergy in Progressive Mycobacterium marinum Infection in Humans
Authors: RAYMOND J. DATTWYLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

The cellular immune responses of 12 patients with culture-proved Mycobacterium marinum infection involving deep tissues were studied. Of the 12 patients, 11 failed to respond to M. marinum antigens. All of the patients had, however, normal blastogenic responses to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and the antigens tetanus toxoid and Candida albicans. In contrast, 9 of 14 healthy fishermen responded to the M. marinum antigens with significant in-vitro blastogenesis. Infection of deep tissues with M. marinum is associated with antigen-specific T-cell anergy to M. marinum antigens.