tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0166 Does biological therapy alter the lymphoma risk or distribution of lymphoma subtypes in patients with ra?
Authors: E. Baecklund, K. Hellgren, C. Sundström, J. Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Lymphoma risk in RA remains a concern, in particular the long-term risks with biological therapies. <h3>Objectives</h3> To extend assessments of relative risks, and of distribution of subtypes, of malignant lymphomas in patients with RA starting biological therapies <h3>Methods</h3> Data from the Swedish Biologics Register (ARTIS) were cross-linked with nation-wide population-based registers: the Patient Register, the Cancer Register, and the Total Population Register. Incidences of a first malignant lymphoma in patients starting a first anti-TNF therapy 1998 through 2010 (n=10,998) within a nation-wide cohort of patients with RA (n=42,230, censored at first start of anti-TNF therapy), and in a matched general population referent cohort (n=170,649) were compared using Cox' regression (hazard ratios (HR)), taking age, sex, calendar time, selected co-morbidities, and family history of lymphoma into account. Patients were considered at risk since start of first anti-TNF therapy. HRs were assessed overall and per age and accumulated time of active anti-TNF therapy. Following histopathological review, the distribution of lymphoma subtypes was compared to previously reported distributions of biologics-naive RA-lymphomas 1964-1995 from our group (1) and to the distribution in general lymphoma patients ( National Swedish Lymphoma Register 2000-2006). <h3>Results</h3> Whereas both anti-TNF treated (45 lymphomas/56,493 person-years) and anti-TNF naive RA patients (185 lymphomas/197,056 person-years) were at increased risk compared to the general population (407 lymphomas/873,326 person-years), HR=2.2 (95% CI 1.6-2.9) and HR=1.9 (95%CI 1.6-2.3), respectively, the incidence of lymphoma following start of anti-TNF therapy was not higher than in anti-TNF naive RA, HR=1.1 (95%CI 0.8-1.6, Table). There was no obvious trend in HRs with accumulated time on active anti-TNF therapy, nor any appreciable difference in HRs across attained age during follow-up. The overall distribution of B-cell, T-cell and Hodgkin lymphoma was similar among anti-TNF treated RA, anti-TNF naive RA, and the general population lymphoma patients. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was numerically more frequent in anti-TNF treated RA (34%) than in general lymphoma patients (24%), but was lower than in biologics-naive RA from the pre-biologic era (48%). Of all anti-TNF treated lymphomas, 75 % had been treated with only one biologic. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, the already increased lymphoma risk in patients with RA does not seem to increase further following anti-TNF therapy, at least not following up to 5-10 years of active treatment, nor did we find any treatment-related excess risk in younger or older adults. The distribution of lymphoma subtypes was not markedly different from that in general lymphoma patients. <h3>References</h3> Baecklund et al, Arthritis Rheum, 2006 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Translating the A1C Assay Into Estimated Average Glucose Values
Authors: R. David G. Leslie, Eric S. Kilpatrick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Certainty in science went out of fashion early last century following Heisenberg's postulates. We now see ranges and confidence intervals around any given mode, mean, or median. Truth, in short, is a dependent variable. Yet the American Diabetes Association (ADA) seems to be set on recommending the introduction of an estimated average glucose (eAG) value based on A1C levels, as an ADA Web site carries the formula for conversion of A1C to eAG.

However, three factors have led representatives of 18 professional organizations in the U.K. to reject the introduction of this same eAG conversion based on current evidence (1). These representatives, including the current two authors, are concerned with the validity of the basic …
Letter: Abortion and maternal deaths.
Authors: C Brook
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Delay in making abortion referrals by practitioners in Wales is disc ussed. A recent survey showed that many practitioners consider the abortion service at the University Hospital of Wales (Cardiff) to be unsympathetic, unsatisfactory, or inadequate because of delays by consultants. Another survey conducted at this hospital indicated that only 20% of the patients referred for consideration of termination were seen within 1 week of referral, 30% had not been seen by 2 weeks, and 57% of the abortions were performed during or after the 12th week of gestation. It is suggested that area health authorities be required to make appropriate agency arrangements with nonprofit voluntary agencies so that most pregnancies could be terminated before the 12th week of gestation.
Sarcoidosis, Liver Transplantation, and Cyclosporine
Authors: Vincent G. Bain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 December 1993Sarcoidosis, Liver Transplantation, and CyclosporineVincent G. Bain, MD, Normal Kneteman, MD, and Neil E. Brown, MDVincent G. Bain, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Normal Kneteman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Neil E. Brown, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-11-199312010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the report by Casavilla and colleagues [1] on the clinical course of patients with sarcoidosis who had no disease progression after liver transplantation. Their survival was similar to that of controls.We describe a patient with a different clinical course. Our patient is a 59-year-old man who had end-stage liver disease secondary to well-documented sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis was first detected in 1973 when he developed lymphadenopathy in the neck. Pulmonary involvement was minimal and subclinical. Despite long-term treatment with steroids, he developed a progressive elevation of the alkaline phosphatase level and, eventually, liver failure ...References1. Casavilla FA, Gordon R, Wright HI, Gavaler JS, Starzl TE, Van Thiel DH. Clinical course after liver transplantation in patients with sarcoidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:865-6. Google Scholar2. Baughman RP, Lower EE. The effect of corticosteroid or methotrexate therapy on lung lymphocytes and macrophages in sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990; 142:1268-71. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGastrointestinal Involvement of SarcoidosisOutcomes of orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatic sarcoidosis: An analysis of the United Network for organ sharing/organ Procurement and Transplantation Network data files for a comparative study with cholestatic liver diseasesSuccessful treatment of systemic de novo sarcoidosis with cyclosporine discontinuation and provision of rapamune after liver transplantationGastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of SarcoidosisLate-onset Sarcoidosis After Liver Transplantation for Primary Biliary CirrhosisExacerbation of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis After Liver TransplantationROLE OF TRANSPLANTATION (LUNG, LIVER, AND HEART) IN SARCOIDOSISCiclosporina y enfermedad pulmonar alveolointersticial difusa 1 December 1993Volume 119, Issue 11Page: 1148-1149KeywordsLiver diseasesLiver transplantationPneumoniaPseudomonasPulmonary functionSarcoidosisShockSteroidsSuperinfectionsThorax Issue Published: 1 December 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Obesity, like atherosclerosis, starts early in life
Authors: Tsung O Cheng
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemiaData from north west England support Oxfordshire findings Editor-Wyllie et al conclude that admission cultures accounted for 24% of total hospital methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia episodes over seven years to March 2004. 1 Data collected from five district general hospitals and one university hospital in Cheshire and Merseyside and one district general hospital in greater Manchester support this view.This group of hospitals has collected enhanced MRSA bacteraemia surveillance data using published case definitions from the Department of Health since April 2004.Anonymised data are collected on paper forms and analysed using the FORMIC data capture system.In all, 534 cases of S aureus bacteraemia were identified between April 2004 and March 2005, 334 being methicillin sensitive S aureus bacteraemia and 200 MRSA bacteraemia.Sixty six of the MRSA bacteraemia cases occurred within 48 hours of arrival in hospital, 16 being related to a previous hospital admission, 25 in patients known to have been colonised with MRSA, and 13 in patients admitted from nursing or residential homes.Thirty five cases were admitted as medical specialties, 25 of them in patients over 65.Our results support the suggestion by Wyllie et al that anti-MRSA treatment should be considered for patients with possible staphylococcal sepsis who have previously been admitted or known to be colonised with MRSA.In a predominantly district general hospital setting, anti-MRSA treatment should also be considered for possible staphylococcal sepsis in elderly medical admissions and admissions from nursing homes.
Dissection of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Transcriptome Using Genome-Wide cDNA Microarrays
Authors: Christine M Costello, Nancy Mah, Robert Häsler, Philip Rosenstiel, Georg H Waetzig, Andreas Hahn, Tim Lu, Yesim Gurbuz, Susanna Nikolaus, Mario Albrecht, Jochen Hampe, Ralph Lucius, Günther Klöppel, Holger Eickhoff, Hans Lehrach, Thomas Lengauer, Stefan Schreiber
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background The differential pathophysiologic mechanisms that trigger and maintain the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC) are only partially understood. cDNA microarrays can be used to decipher gene regulation events at a genome-wide level and to identify novel unknown genes that might be involved in perpetuating inflammatory disease progression. Methods and Findings High-density cDNA microarrays representing 33,792 UniGene clusters were prepared. Biopsies were taken from the sigmoid colon of normal controls (n = 11), CD patients (n = 10) and UC patients (n = 10). 33P-radiolabeled cDNA from purified poly(A)+ RNA extracted from biopsies (unpooled) was hybridized to the arrays. We identified 500 and 272 transcripts differentially regulated in CD and UC, respectively. Interesting hits were independently verified by real-time PCR in a second sample of 100 individuals, and immunohistochemistry was used for exemplary localization. The main findings point to novel molecules important in abnormal immune regulation and the highly disturbed cell biology of colonic epithelial cells in IBD pathogenesis, e.g., CYLD (cylindromatosis, turban tumor syndrome) and CDH11 (cadherin 11, type 2). By the nature of the array setup, many of the genes identified were to our knowledge previously uncharacterized, and prediction of the putative function of a subsection of these genes indicate that some could be involved in early events in disease pathophysiology. Conclusion A comprehensive set of candidate genes not previously associated with IBD was revealed, which underlines the polygenic and complex nature of the disease. It points out substantial differences in pathophysiology between CD and UC. The multiple unknown genes identified may stimulate new research in the fields of barrier mechanisms and cell signalling in the context of IBD, and ultimately new therapeutic approaches.
Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins.
Authors: B J Danzo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The disruption of the reproductive system of male and female animals in the wild has been attributed to environmental chemicals (xenobiotics). The effects seen mirror alterations one might anticipate if the steroid hormone-dependent processes that regulate these systems were impaired. To determine whether xenobiotics (present at a concentration of 100 microM) exert their action through steroid-mediated pathways, we examined their ability to inhibit the binding of [3H]physiological ligands (present at a concentration of 7 nM) to the androgen and estrogen receptors, rat androgen-binding protein (ABP), and human sex hormone-binding globulin (hSHBG). The gamma- and delta-isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, congeners of dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT; p,p'-DDT; p,p'-DDE; o,p'-DDT), dieldrin, atrazine, and pentachlorophenol, caused a statistically significant inhibition of specific binding of [3H]5 alpha-DHT to the androgen receptor that ranged from 100% (p,p'-DDE) to 25% (dieldrin). Methoxychlor, o,p'-DDT1, pentachlorophenol, and nonylphenol significantly reduced [3H]17 beta-estradiol binding to the estrogen receptor by 10, 60, 20, and 75%, respectively. The binding of [3H]5 alpha-DHT to ABP was inhibited 70% by the delta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane, but the gamma-isomer did not reduce binding significantly. Methoxychlor, p,p'-DDT, atrazine, and nonylphenol reduced [3H]5 alpha-DHT binding to ABP by approximately 40%. Nonylphenol reduced the binding of [3H]5 alpha-DHT to hSHBG by 70%. Hexachlorocyclohexane reduced [3H]5 alpha-DHT binding to hSHBG by 20%, but the stereospecific effects observed with ABP did not occur. o,p'-DDT and pentachlorophenol resulted in a statistically significant 20% inhibition of [3H]5 alpha-DHT binding to hSHBG. Some xenobiotics resulted in dissociation of [3H]ligands from their binding proteins that was statistically identical to that caused by the unlabeled natural ligand, whereas others resulted in slower or more rapid dissociation rates.
Treatment of Bed-wetting
Authors: James C. Breneman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  I find it distressing to have Dr Stewart's paper classified as TRENDS IN THERAPY, since the article again labels the enuretic child as one with a psychiatric problem. A half century of this philosophy has indoctrinated a large part of the medical profession into this type of thinking. This has resulted in throwing all these cases into the wastebaskets of psychiatry. Such continued regressive thinking is not going to save these children from their unfortunate situation.  No clinician denies that there are psychiatric consequences in the bedwetting child. However, close study of these cases by such outstanding scholars as John Gerrard, MD, of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Barbara Starfield, MD, of Baltimore, William Crook, MD, of Jackson, Tenn, William Deamer of San Francisco, and many other scholars has clearly demonstrated that the abnormal personality is the result and not the cause of enuresis. There has been further demonstration that
Functional Hepatocellular Heterogeneity
Authors: Kurt Jungermann, Norbert Katz
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Hepatocytes from the periportal (afferent) and perivenous (efferent) zones of the liver parenchyma differ in their enzyme content and subcellular structures. Therefore, different functions are proposed for the two zones, (a) Oxidative energy metabolism, β–oxidation, amino acid catabolism, ureagenesis from amino acids, gluconeogenesis, bile acid, and bilirubin excretion and oxidation protection are preferentially located in the periportal zone, (b) Glycolysis, liponeogenesis, ureagenesis from ammonia, and biotransformation are predominantly situated in the perivenous zone. Heterogeneity in the synthesis of plasma proteins also appears to exist. The heterogeneous expression of the genome in hepatocytes is apparently caused by the periportal to perivenous gradient in oxygen and hormone concentrations, and by a different autonomic innervation of the parenchymal zones.
Abstract 1927: Mechanistic characterization of SC144 in colon cancer
Authors: Shili Xu, Takashi Oshima, Fedora Grande, Nouri Neamati, Antonio Garofalo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recently, we have designed and synthesized a novel quinoxalinhydrazide, SC144, that showed cytotoxicity in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Here, we found that SC144 exhibited anticancer activity in a panel of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant colon cancer cell lines. To study the molecular anticancer mechanism of SC144, we further found that it arrested cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells, which is associated with the decrease in cyclin D1 expression and the activation of the p38/IL-24/Fas pathway. Additionally, in surgical specimens from 202 colorectal patients, Cyclin D1 expression was significantly higher and IL-24 expression was significantly lower in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa, and there was a significant correlation between IL-24 level in colorectal cancer tissue and the survival rate of patients after cytoreductive surgery (P = 0.007). This clinical evidence further supports that SC144 is a promising therapeutic agent for colon cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1927. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1927
Medical Aspects of the Use of Food
Authors: R. McCarrison
Journal: BMJ (1940)

The medical aspects of the use of food are manifold, and include such matters as food allergy, food poisoning, microbic and parasitic agents conveyed to man in food, and the treatment of disease by food.I shall confine myself to the relation of food as a whole to the preservation of health, the constituents of a properly constituted diet, the relation of such constituents to the structure and functions of the living body, and the effects of the inade- quate supply or utilization of these essentials in causing disease.Food may be defined as anything which when taken into the alimentary tract provides, on digestion, materials for the energy requirements, growth, maintenance, repair, and regulation of the vital activities of the body.The materials are many: proteins, fats, carbohydrates,
Health Care Reform — Past and Future
Authors: D Blumenthal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The demise of federal legislation to reform our health care system has frustrated the hopes (or quieted the fears) of millions of Americans. Nevertheless, the problems of our health care system persist, and efforts to reform it will proceed at several levels.1 In the aftermath of the Republicans' resounding victory in the 1994 congressional elections, the private marketplace and, to a lesser extent, state governments seem likely to lead such efforts, but their ability to address problems of access to care — and its costs — is limited. The important role of the federal government in health care reform is . . .
Bacterial growth with chlorinated methanes.
Authors: T Leisinger, S A Braus-Stromeyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Chlorinated methanes are important industrial chemicals and significant environmental pollutants. While the highly chlorinated methanes, trichloromethane and tetrachloromethane, are not productively metabolized by bacteria, chloromethane and dichloromethane are used by both aerobic and anaerobic methylotrophic bacteria as carbon and energy sources. Some of the dehalogenation reactions involved in the utilization of the latter two compounds have been elucidated. In a strictly anaerobic acetogenic bacterium growing with chloromethane, an inducible enzyme forming methyltetrahydrofolate and chloride from chloromethane and tetrahydrofolate catalyzes dehalogenation of the growth substrate. A different mechanism for the nucleophilic displacement of chloride is observed in aerobic methylotrophic bacteria utilizing dichloromethane as the sole carbon and energy source. These organisms possess the enzyme dichloromethane dehalogenase which, in a glutathione-dependent reaction, converts dichloromethane to inorganic chloride and formaldehyde, a central metabolite of methylotrophic growth. Sequence comparisons have shown that bacterial dichloromethane dehalogenases belong to the glutathione S-transferase enzyme family, and within this family to class Theta. The dehalogenation reactions underlying aerobic utilization of chloromethane by a pure culture and anaerobic growth with dichloromethane by an acetogenic mixed culture are not known. It appears that they are based on mechanisms other than nucleophilic attack by tetrahydrofolate or glutathione.
Vaccine-Derived Poliomyelitis 12 Years after Infection in Minnesota
Authors: Aaron S. DeVries, Jane Harper, Andrew Murray, Catherine Lexau, Lynn Bahta, Jaime Christensen, Elizabeth Cebelinski, Susan Fuller, Susan Kline, Gregory S. Wallace, Jing H. Shaw, Cara C. Burns, Ruth Lynfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 44-year-old woman with long-standing common variable immunodeficiency who was receiving intravenous immune globulin suddenly had paralysis of all four limbs and the respiratory muscles, resulting in death. Type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus was isolated from stool. The viral capsid protein VP1 region had diverged from the vaccine strain at 12.3% of nucleotide positions, and the two attenuating substitutions had reverted to the wild-type sequence. Infection probably occurred 11.9 years earlier (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.9 to 13.2), when her child received the oral poliovirus vaccine. No secondary cases were identified among close contacts or 2038 screened health care workers. Patients with common variable immunodeficiency can be chronically infected with poliovirus, and poliomyelitis can develop despite treatment with intravenous immune globulin.
Retrograde axonal transport of LIF is increased by peripheral nerve injury: Correlation with increased LIF expression in distal nerve
Authors: Rory Curtis, Steven S. Scherer, Robert Somogyi, Krystyna M. Adryan, Nancy Y. Ip, Yuan Zhu, Ronald M. Lindsay, Peter S. DiStefano
Journal: Neuron (1994)

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine that affects the survival and differentiation of certain neuronal populations in vitro. To identify LIF-responsive neurons in the adult rat, we have demonstrated retrograde axonal transport of 125I-LIF to sensory and motor neurons. The accumulation of 125I-LIF by both cell types was significantly increased by prior sciatic nerve crush. Retrograde transport of 125I-LIF was inhibited by excess unlabeled LIF but not by related cytokines, indicating a specific receptor-mediated mechanism. Northern blot analysis revealed LIF expression in peripheral nerve that was increased in distal segments after axotomy. The correlation between LIF expression and increased retrograde transport following injury suggests that LIF plays a role in peripheral nerve regeneration.
THE DECREASING USE OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY
Authors: GEORGE GULEVICH, ROBERT S. DANIELS, PHILIP M. MARGOLIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

The frequency of the use of ECT in psychotic depressions in a small psychiatric unit in a general hospital is compared for 1958 and 1960. Decreased use is related to an improved therapeutic milieu and to judicious use of antidepressant medications.
662 WORLDWIDE TREND OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS AT FIVE-YEAR INTERVALS FROM 1990 THROUGH 2010
Authors: M. Naghavi, S. Shahraz, A. Mokdad, M.H. Forouzanfar, C. Michaud, E. Glaser, M. Tavakkoli, W. Liu, T. Ghaziani, C. Murray
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)