tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P218 Prevalence of bronchiectasis in COPD patients in a general respiratory clinic
Authors: SE Brill, S Sikka, CE Miller, A Ghali, S Hare, R Vancheeswaran
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is increasing recognition that radiological bronchiectasis is present in many patients with COPD. However, estimated prevalence varies from 4% (Agusti, Respir Res; 2010) to 50% (Patel, AJRCCM; 2004), with the prevalence in the UK general secondary care population unknown. We assessed this in patients from the respiratory clinic at our general hospital. <h3>Methods</h3> COPD patients underwent chest CT as part of their clinical assessment. Patients were included if COPD was diagnosed based on spirometry and clinical assessment and excluded if there was clinical bronchiectasis. Scoring was by a simplified system based on Smith (Thorax, 1996) and returned a score of 0 (no bronchiectasis), 1 (0–50% of bronchi involved), or 2 (50–100% of bronchi involved) for each lobe, with a total score of 12 including the lingula; emphysema, interstitial lung disease (ILD), or other pathology was noted. The scans were scored independently by two radiologists blinded to disease severity and the average score used for analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 100 COPD patients were included. Patient characteristics are summarised in Table 1. Bronchiectasis was present in 74% of patients (score ≥2/12) and there was significant inter-observer correlation in the scoring (r=0.60, p&lt;0.0001). Scores were highest in the lower lobes and lowest in the middle lobes (1.56 vs 0.96, p&lt;0.000). Patients with widespread bronchiectasis (score ≥6/12, n=27) had a trend towards reduced bronchodilator reversibility (4% vs 9%, p=0.08) than those with limited bronchiectasis. Other spirometric criteria were similar (FEV<sub>1</sub>%predicted 61 vs 53 [p=0.11], residual volume% predicted 145 vs130, p=0.28, TLCO%predicted 55 vs 52, p=0.54) and rates of <i>P. seudomonas aeruginosa</i> colonisation (7.4% vs 5.5%, p=0.73). Emphysema was present in 88% and ILD in 11%. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we found a higher prevalence of bronchiectasis than previously reported which may reflect the heterogeneity of COPD patients in a general respiratory clinic. Radiological features of bronchial wall thickening and mild bronchiectasis were commonly seen and when widespread this may result in reduced bronchodilator reversibility; however, the presence of radiological bronchiectasis was not related to disease severity. Further work is needed to delineate the clinical consequences of this and the implications for appropriate bronchodilator therapy.
Anatomical and clinical characteristics to guide decision making between coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention for individual patients: development and validation of SYNTAX score II
Authors: Vasim Farooq, David van Klaveren, Ewout W Steyerberg, Emanuele Meliga, Yvonne Vergouwe, Alaide Chieffo, Arie Pieter Kappetein, Antonio Colombo, David R Holmes, Michael Mack, Ted Feldman, Marie-Claude Morice, Elisabeth Ståhle, Yoshinobu Onuma, Marie-angèle Morel, Hector M Garcia-Garcia, Gerrit Anne van Es, Keith D Dawkins, Friedrich W Mohr, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
A Comparison of Physiological and Pathological Findings in Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema, with Special Reference to Response to Exercise
Authors: G. R. McNab, W. S. Grove, S. Nariman
Journal: Thorax (1961)

Any senior medical student is expected to recognize the picture of clinical emphysema, though many authors, such as Fletcher (1952), feel that it is an unreliable diagnosis.Within the last 20 to 30 years radiological emphysema has been added to the syndrome (Simon and Galbraith, 1953), and in the last 15 years the emphasis has been on the associated disorders of pulmonary physiology.Such factors as defects in forced ventilation, high functional residual capacity, low mixing efficiency, arterial oxygen desaturation on exercise, and sometimes reduced pulmonary diffus- ing capacity for oxygen and carbon monoxide have been described.Whether the three pictures of clinical, radiological, and physiological emphysema always represent the same pathological state, however, is very doubtful.At the Ciba Symposium, reported in 1959, emphysema was defined as " a condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond the normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilatation or from destruction of their walls."It will be seen that not everyone includes alveolar destruction in the definition.We think that studies of the effects of exercise may help to distinguish those patients in whom alveolar structure is lost, and in this paper we show the correlation between our physiological and pathological findings.METHODS Over 300 patients have been studied who suffered from dyspnoea, non-tuberculous bronchial or diffuse pulmonary disorders, and some from coronary or left heart disease presenting with dyspnoea.None were included who had phthisis or bronchial carcinoma or acute pulmonary inflammatory disease or pleural effusions.
Expression and distribution of cell-membrane complement regulatory glycoproteins along the human respiratory tract.
Authors: S Varsano, I Frolkis, D Ophir
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Complement in the human respiratory tract protects the host from invading microorganisms and from other inhaled insults. However, complement may also lyse the host's respiratory tract cells, leading to tissue injury. In many extrapulmonic tissues, cells express cell-membrane complement regulatory glycoproteins that protect the cells from complement-induced lysis. To determine whether these glycoproteins are expressed in human respiratory tract tissue, we studied tissue biopsies of healthy and diseased human respiratory tract from nose to alveoli for the presence of four cell-membrane complement regulatory glycoproteins (membrane cofactor protein [MCP], decay-accelerating factor [DAF], CD59, and complement receptor type 1 [CR1]) using an immunoperoxidase technique. In addition, to establish a model for in vitro studies of these glycoproteins in respiratory cells, we studied whether they are expressed in cultured nasal epithelial cells, using the same technique. Altogether, 26 tissue specimens from 22 patients were studied. We found that normal human respiratory tract from nose to alveoli express MCP, DAF, and CD59, but not CR1, and that this expression increases in inflammation and in lung cancer. In addition, expression in nasal epithelial cells is retained under cell culture conditions. These findings suggest that human respiratory tract tissue may regulate complement activation on its surface in order to avoid self-injury. We propose that imbalances in the mechanism that regulates cell-membrane complement may predispose the respiratory tract to tissue injury and disease, and that iatrogenic modulation of such imbalances may help to prevent these adverse consequences.
Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions in adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Authors: H. Kawabata, M. Setoyama, T. Fukushige, T. Kanzaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Spontaneous regression of cutaneous lesions in adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma Get access H. Kawabata, H. Kawabata Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, JapanE‐mail: hkwbt@m3.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Setoyama, M. Setoyama Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, JapanE‐mail: hkwbt@m3.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Fukushige, T. Fukushige Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, JapanE‐mail: hkwbt@m3.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kanzaki T. Kanzaki Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, 8–35–1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890–8520, JapanE‐mail: hkwbt@m3.kufm.kagoshima‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 434–435, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04053.x Published: 01 February 2001
Immunoaffinity purification of dietary heterocyclic amine carcinogens.
Authors: M Vanderlaan, M Hwang, T Djanegara
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Cooking meats produces a family of heterocylic aromatic amines that are carcinogens in rodents and genotoxic in many short-term assays. Concern that these compounds may be human carcinogens has prompted us to develop immunochemical methods for quantifying these compounds in the human diet and for identifying the parent compounds and metabolites in urine and feces. Previously reported monoclonal antibodies to 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 6-phenyl-2-amino-1-methylimidazo[4,5-f]pyridine (PhIP) were used to purify by immunoaffinity these known mutagens and cross-reacting structural analogs from well-done cooked beef and urine samples. Materials recovered from the immunoaffinity columns were subsequently separated by HPLC to purify the known mutagens from cross-reacting chemicals that co-purify by immunoaffinity. Immunoaffinity chromatography was found to be a rapid means of quantifying individual known mutagens, with a minimum of precolumn sample clean-up required. In addition, this procedure has yielded several new mutagens present in cooked meats that are apparently structural analogs of PhIP. Immunoaffinity techniques were also used to purify metabolites from the urine of rats and humans exposed to MeIQx or PhIP. For MeIQx-exposed rats, the combination antibodies immunoconcentrated 75% of the total urinary radioactivity. Analysis of PhIP metabolites recovered from antibody columns is facilitated by the intrinsic fluorescence of PhIP and its metabolites, providing sufficient sensitivity to monitor individuals for the levels of PhIP excreted following consumption of typical western diets.
School exam results matter in medical job applications
Authors: R E Weir, F H Zaidi, D E J Whitehead, R E MacLaren
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Last month's report from the Working Group on 14-19 Reform announced 6-7 point assessment scales reforming current A level grading, welcoming counteraction of grade inflation and findings that A level mathematics fail to meet higher education needs.1–3

McManus et al identified speed of career progression and attainment of postgraduate qualifications as indicators of vocational success in medicine.4 These principal outcome measures were used to justify the use of A level results as intelligence indicators during selection for …
Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men
Authors: D. A Leon, I. Koupilova, H. O Lithell, L. Berglund, R. Mohsen, D. Vagero, U.-B. Lithell, P. M McKeigue
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To clarify the type of fetal growth impairment associated with increased blood pressure in adult life, and to establish whether this association is influenced by obesity and is mediated through impairment of insulin action.Cross sectional survey with retrospective ascertainment of size at birth from obstetric archives.1333 men resident in Uppsala, Sweden, who took part in a 1970 study of coronary risk factors at age 50 and for whom birth weight was traced.Systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 50.In the full study population for a 1000g increase in birth weight there was a small change in systolic blood pressure of -2.2mmHg (95% confidence interval -4.2 to - 0.3mmHg) and in diastolic blood pressure of -1.0mmHg (-2.2 to 0.1mmHg). Much stronger effects were observed among men who were born at term and were in the top third of body mass index at age 50, for whom a 1000g increase in birth weight was associated with a change of -9.1mmHg (-16.4 to-1.9mmHg) systolic and -4.2mmHg (-8.3 to -0.1mmHg) diastolic blood pressure. Men who were light at birth (<3250g) but were above median adult height had particularly high blood pressure. Adjustment for insulin concentrations reduced the associations of birth weight with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.A failure to realise growth potential in utero (as indicated by being light at birth but tall as an adult) is associated with raised adult blood pressure. Impaired fetal growth may lead to substantial increases in adult blood pressure among only those who become obese. Metabolic disturbances, possibly related to insulin resistance, may provide a pathway through which fetal growth affects blood pressure.
Abstract 1980: Anxiety Measured up to two Years Prior to an Acute Coronary Syndrome Event Increases Risk of In-Hospital Complications
Authors: Mohannad E AbuRuz, Debra K Moser, Barbara Riegel, Beverly Carlson, Sharon McKinley, Kathleen A Dracup, Lynn V Doering, Hendrika Meischke, Terry A Lennie
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Anxiety after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with higher complication rates. To date, most investigators measured anxiety at only one time point and no investigators have...
Postnatal Cadmium Exposure, Neurodevelopment, and Blood Pressure in Children at 2, 5, and 7 Years of Age
Authors: Yang Cao, Aimin Chen, Jerilynn Radcliffe, Kim N. Dietrich, Robert L. Jones, Kathleen Caldwell, Walter J. Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Adverse health effects of cadmium in adults are well documented, but little is known about the neuropsychological effects of cadmium in children, and no studies of cadmium and blood pressure in children have been conducted.We examined the potential effects of low-level cadmium exposure on intelligence quotient, neuropsychological functions, behavior, and blood pressure among children, using blood cadmium as a measure of exposure.We used the data from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of lead-exposed children and analyzed blood cadmium concentrations using the whole blood samples collected when children were 2 years of age. We compared neuropsychological and behavioral scores at 2, 5, and 7 years of age by cadmium level and analyzed the relationship between blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age.The average cadmium concentration of these children was 0.21 microg/L, lower than for adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), but comparable to concentrations in children < 3 years of age in NHANES. Except for the California Verbal Learning Test for Children, there were no differences in test scores among children in different cadmium categories. For children with detectable pretreatment blood cadmium, after adjusting for a variety of covariates, general linear model analyses showed that at none of the three age points was the coefficient of cadmium on Mental Development Index or IQ statistically significant. Spline regression analysis suggested that behavioral problem scores at 5 and 7 years of age tended to increase with increasing blood cadmium, but the trend was not significant. We found no significant associations between blood cadmium levels and blood pressure.We found no significant associations between background blood cadmium levels at 2 years of age and neurodevelopmental end points and blood pressure at 2, 5, and 7 years of age. The neuropsychological or hypertensive effects from longer background exposures to cadmium need further study.
Hematologic effects of the high-energy endocardial ablation technique.
Authors: P M Holt, E G Boyd
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Ablation of atrioventricular conduction is now widely accepted in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias. Reports of high temperatures, high pressures, and gas production suggest that there may be adverse effects on the blood, the electrode, and the cardiovascular system. In this investigation, using samples of fresh, heparinized pig blood, we measured hemolytic damage, the liberated gas volume and composition, and electrode erosion associated with high-energy electrical ablation. The blood was tested in a 10 liter tank at room temperature. Impulses of 10 to 400 J were applied to new USCI No. 6F bipolar pacing electrodes using both positive and negative polarities. Voltage and current waveforms were recorded. The volume of gas liberated with cathodal electrodes was 0.50 microliter/J up to 50 J and 0.29 microliter/J above 100 J. It was composed predominantly of hydrogen and nitrogen, with carbon dioxide and oxygen. With positive electrodes, the gas volume was linearly related to energy at 4.34 microliter/J up to 200 J and also contained carbon monoxide. The hemolysis was directly proportional to impulse energy for both cathodal and anodal electrodes, being 1.37 microliter/J and 4.48 microliters/J, respectively. Electrode erosion was substantial but clinically acceptable. We conclude that there are marked differences in the energy conversion processes and, where the same energy can achieve a comparable clinical effectiveness, there are advantages in using a cathodal electrode polarity. It is also advisable to use lower energies.
Abstract 4762: Dendritic cell therapy delays disease progression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jamal A. Khan, Sharmin B. Yaqin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) has a poor outcome with all known conventional treatment plans. In advanced stage disease, surgery and ablation are also not done. In such situations, patients look for alternative therapies and accept them without even oncologists opinion. Dendritic cell therapy is one of the options in such cancers and HCC is said to be immunoresponsive. We have treated 12 patients of advanced stage HCC in our center with this approach. Patients were informed about the experimental nature of the protocol and gave their written consent. The protocol was isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from about 25 ml of patient's blood and culture them in RPMI-1640, GM-CSF and IL-4. After 6 days of culture, immature dendritic cells were exposed to Tumor Associated Antigen(TAA) and cultured for additional 2 days. The final product was evaluated by immunocytochemistry (CD83/86+ve) and confirmed free of microbial and mycoplasma contamination. It is administered to the same patient by mixing it in 100 ml of dextrose-normal saline. The adverse effects observed were fever, fever with shivering and rigors and lethargy for a day or two. No patient required hospitalization during treatment. The process is repeated by taking fresh blood sample every 23 days and is continued till the patient kept showing clinical benefits. 5 patients have shown radiological stabilization of disease for more than 2 years including improvement in performance status from 3/2 to 1 (ECOG scale). 3 patients showed no response and 4 patients showed partial response with mean survival of 7 months. We conclude that early stage patients of HCC should be given an option of dendritic cell therapy after completion of their primary conventional treatment plan. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4762.
598. Effective Humoral and Cellular Smallpox-Immune Responses Using a Combination of Plasmids Delivered by Intramuscular Injection Followed by Constant-Current Electroporation in Rabbits
Authors: Amir S. Khan, Lauren Hirao, David B. Weiner, Ruxandra Draghia-Akli
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Previous studies have examined smallpox antigen-expressing plasmids in mice and non-human primates with limited efficacy. Recent studies showed that the electroporation technique can be used to dramatically increase plasmid uptake into the target tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle) when compared to simple injection. Consequently, the expression levels for the encoded transgene are orders of magnitude higher, likely improving potency. In a pilot experiment, uptake and distribution of plasmids with and without electroporation have been analyzed in the rabbit. Electroporated muscle showed a better distribution and uptake. We evaluated immune responses to smallpox antigens, after direct intramuscular plasmid injection followed by constant-current electroporation in groups of rabbits (n=3/group). The plasmids were administered either individually or in combination and their relative responses analyzed. Group 1 rabbits were immunized with a combination of eight plasmids expressing varying smallpox antigens (A13L, A14L, A27L, A33L, B5R, D8L, H3L, L1R). Group 2 rabbits were immunized with a combination of four different antigens (A27L, B5R, D8L, L1R). The final group received an immunization with an individual plasmid expressing a single antigen (B5R). All plasmids were administered via a single IM injection of 800 μg (100 μg each antigen and/or empty vector up to 800 μg per injection) into semimembranosus muscle followed by electroporation using the ADViSYS constant-current EKD system, at 0.6 Amps, 3 pulses, 52 ms/pulse, 1 sec between pulses. Rabbits were immunized twice, at Study d 0 and at Study d 64. Sera were collected from rabbits at different time points, including on Day 85 and used to determine antibody responses by protein ELISA. Antibody responses were improved by electroporation in both immunized groups irrespective of the number of antigens delivered. A specific ELISpot assay for TNF is being developed to determine T-cell response rates in rabbits following DNA immunization. Rabbit PBMCs collected 2 weeks after first immunization were stimulated for 24h with 15mer peptides that span the entire length of the A27L gene. Immunization followed by electroporation induced improved antigen specific T-cell responses against A27L. Thus, the combination immunization strategy using smallpox antigens and constant-current electroporation appears important for driving better humoral and cellular-based responses in a relevant animal model.
Psychological Factors and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: H. Gainsborough
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BRNATL 499(3) Most of these children suitable for treat- ment with the buzzer have had lifelong enuresis and there may be emotional symptoms secondary to the enuresis.These are consequent upon the disapproval which it has brought from members of the family and others, and the child may feel guilty, anxious, or even depressed.In these cases there is often a marked improvement in
INTERNAL DERANGEMENT OF THE KNEE JOINT
Authors: A. B. Steele
Journal: BMJ (1855)

IN-TERNAL derangement of the knee-joint is the appellation given to an injury, the precise nature of which, as may be inferred from its vague title, is not very clearly understood.The accident, howvever, is not very uncommon, nor is it unimportant in its consequences; for, if overlooked, it may prove very embarrassing to the surgeon, and may lay the foundation of more serious disease.The elder William Hey