tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VARIATIONS IN CO2 REQUIREMENTS AMONG BOVINE STRAINS OF BACILLUS ABORTUS
Authors: Theobald Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

Strains of Bacillus abortus freshly isolated vary in their CO(2) requirements. The origin and sources of the strains growing with less dependence on CO(2) (or sealing) may be in vaccinal strains or possibly in continued existence in the udder. The importance of these possibilities makes it desirable that all strains isolated should be subjected to some such test as is outlined in these pages.
Effect of lipid infusion on bile composition and lithogenicity in patients without cholesterol gall stones.
Authors: M Rubin, Z Halpern, G Charach, A Dvir, E Antebi, T Gilat, D Lichtenberg
Journal: Gut (1992)

A prospective study was performed to investigate the effect of short term lipid infusion on bile composition and its lithogenicity in humans. Thirty five patients shown to be free of cholesterol gall stones participated in the study. Starting 48 hours before surgery they were infused randomly with a lipid emulsion of either long chain triglycerides (LCT) or a mixture of medium and long chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) (50%/50%) for six hours each 24 hours. A group of patients infused with a solution of 5% glucose in NaCl 0.9% served as a control. Bile samples were obtained by puncture of the gall bladder during operation. Both lipids caused an increase in biliary cholesterol and phospholipids but this effect was more pronounced and significant (p &lt; 0.001) only with the MCT/LCT emulsion. The fatty acid composition of biliary phospholipids was not affected by either lipid infusion. The cholesterol saturation index increased significantly (p &lt; 0.005) with the MCT/LCT emulsion and there was shortening in the nucleation time but this was not significant. There was no effect on the distribution of cholesterol between micelles and vesicles. This study shows that infusion of MCT/LCT lipid emulsion can cause lithogenic changes in bile composition in humans and may thus contribute to sludge formation and cholelithiasis during long term parenteral nutrition.
Increased albumin and fibrinogen synthesis rate in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Berthil H.C.M.T. Prinsen, Ton J. Rabelink, Jaap J. Beutler, George A. Kaysen, Jose De Boer, Walther H. Boer, E. Christiaan Hagen, Ruud Berger, Monique G.M. De Sain-Van Der Velden
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
TCT-513 Ultrasound – Assisted Catheter Directed Thrombolysis in Massive and Sub-Massive Pulmonary Embolism: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Maidah Yaqoob, Ihab R. Hamzeh, Shahzad A. Mumtaz, Saima A. Shehzad, Nasser M. Lakkis, Mahboob Alam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Rates of anxiety and depression in African-Caribbeans may not reflect reality
Authors: K. McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Shaw et al add welcome breadth to the literature concerning psychiatric disorders in African-Caribbeans.1 However, there are methodological problems which make interpretation of the results difficult.

Contrary to BMJ guidelines, there is no rationale for the choice of ethnic variables used.2 Hypotheses for why depression in the inner city should be expected to be related to Office for National Statistics' definitions of ethnicity may have led to the measurement of possible explanations or confounders such as financial worry, religion, housing, racism, …
Virtual Bronchoscopic Navigation Combined with Ultrathin Bronchoscopy. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Fumihiro Asano, Naofumi Shinagawa, Takashi Ishida, Joe Shindoh, Masaki Anzai, Akifumi Tsuzuku, Satoshi Oizumi, Satoshi Morita
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: In bronchoscopy, an ultrathin bronchoscope can be advanced to more peripheral bronchi. Because virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) is a method to guide a bronchoscope under direct observation using VB images, VBN may be particularly useful when combined with ultrathin bronchoscopy.Objectives: This prospective multicenter study evaluated the value of VBN-assisted ultrathin bronchoscopy for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions.Methods: We randomly assigned 350 patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions (diameter, ≤30 mm) to VBN-assisted or non–VBN-assisted groups. An ultrathin bronchoscope (outer diameter, 2.8 mm) was introduced to the target bronchus using a VBN system in the VBN-assisted group, whereas only computed tomography axial images were referred to in the non–VBN-assisted group. Specimen sampling sites were verified using X-ray fluoroscopy.Measurements and Main Results: Subjects for analysis included 334 patients. There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield between the VBN-assisted group (67.1%) and the non–VBN-assisted group (59.9%; P = 0.173). The subgroup analysis showed that the diagnostic yield was significantly higher in the VBN-assisted group than in the non–VBN-assisted group for right upper lobe lesions (81.3% vs. 53.2%; P = 0.004); lesions invisible on posterior–anterior radiographs (63.2% vs. 40.5%; P = 0.043); and lesions in the peripheral third of the lung field (64.7% vs. 52.1%; P = 0.047).Conclusions: VBN-assisted ultrathin bronchoscopy does not improve the diagnostic yield for peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the method improves the diagnostic yield for lesions in the subcategories (right upper lobe, invisible, peripheral third), warranting further study.Clinical trial registered with www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ (UMIN 000001536).
868-6 Functional capacity assessment by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in organic mitral regurgitation: A prospective quantitative study
Authors: David Messika-Zeitoun, Michael Bellamy, Bruce Johnson, Vuyisile Nkomo, Suzanne Irvin, Maryann Capps, Thomas Allison, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Tumorous neo-vascularization: a newly recognized endoscopic feature of intestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: M. Kopáčová, S. Rejchrt, V. Tyčová, D. Belada, M. Pintérová Kolesárová, J. Bureš
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 42-year-old man with Crohn’s disease (since 1995) underwent control endoscopy in May 2005 (Figure [1]). A diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type of the jejunum was made using histology and immunohistochemistry.
Abstract A7: Roles of miRNAs in the switch of TGF-β from tumor suppressor to pro-oncogenic factor in cancer progression
Authors: Yoshiko Nagano, Maxwell P. Lee, Lalage M. Wakefield
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract TGF-β is a widely expressed pleiotropic growth factor that plays complex roles in tumorigenesis. TGF-β switches from tumor suppressor to pro-oncogenic factor during breast cancer progression. Our goal is to identify molecular determinants of the TGF-β switch. Since miRNA expression is deregulated in cancer, and TGF-β is reported to regulate expression and biogenesis of miRNAs, we hypothesize that miRNAs may contribute to this switch. To model the TGF-β switch, we used a series of human breast cancer cell lines derived from the spontaneously immortalized MCF10A human breast epithelial cell line. The model consists of 4 cell lines. In the MCF10A (M-I; normal), MCF10AT (M-II; premalignant) and MCF10CA1hcl4 (M-IIIcl4; low-grade tumor) lines, TGF-β is a tumor suppressor. In contrast, in the MCF10CA1a cell line (M-IV), which gives rise to aggressive metastatic tumors, the tumor suppressor activity is lost and TGF-β promotes metastasis. To test the possible involvement of miRNAs in the TGF-β switch, we compared expression profiles of miRNAs by Next Gen miRNA sequencing 1) basally in cultures of all four cell lines and 2) in M-IIIcl4 and M-IV with and without TGF-β treatment. A variety of patterns of change in basal miRNA expression with malignant progression were seen. We focused on miRNAs whose expression level differs basally between M-IIIcl4 and M-IV, since the switch occurs between these two cell lines. 46 miRNAs were expressed &amp;gt; 1.5 fold higher in M-IIIcl4 than in M-IV, whereas 29 miRNAs were expressed &amp;gt; 1.5 fold higher in M-IV than in M-IIIcl4. We selected several miRNAs whose expression was most different between the two cell lines, and examined whether these miRNAs regulate cellular responses to TGF-β. As an example, let-7i and let-7g were expressed higher in M-IV than in M-IIIcl4. Forced expression of these miRNAs partially reversed TGF-β-induced growth inhibition in M-IIIcl4. A similar strategy was applied to miRNAs whose regulation by TGF-β is different between M-IIIcl4 and M-IV. The results of these experiments will be discussed. Citation Format: Yoshiko Nagano, Maxwell P. Lee, Lalage M. Wakefield. Roles of miRNAs in the switch of TGF-β from tumor suppressor to pro-oncogenic factor in cancer progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A7.
HISTORY OF REGIONAL ANESTHESIA IN UROLOGY
Authors: HERMON C. BUMPUS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The anatomic structure and innervation of the urinary tract lends itself so readily to the application of regional anesthesia that the history of anesthesia in urology becomes necessarily the history of the development of regional anesthesia. In fact, some of the various forms of regional anesthesia were first employed in the treatment of urologic diseases. As in the case of ether, so with regional anesthetics the discovery of its anesthetic properties occurred many years before they were applied in medicine because those making the discovery did not appreciate the importance of it. In prehistoric times the natives of Peru were cognizant of the anesthetic qualities in coca leaves; they were chewed and the saliva was allowed to run into the incision while the famous trephine operations were being performed. Schezer obtained some of these when on his scientific voyage around the world in the Austrian frigate<i>Novar</i>, and observed that
Balancing the Tightrope of Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: Mandeep R. Mehra
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The only relevant test of the validity of a hypothesis is comparison of prediction with experience."-Milton Friedman L et's face it.We love clinical prediction rules that forecast outcomes in cardiovascular medicine.Our clinical armamentarium is suffused with a variety of scores that seek to predict unique outcomes such as the Framingham risk score for future ischemic events, 1 the Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age Ն75, Diabetes Mellitus, and Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHADS 2 ) score to ascertain the risk of neurological events in atrial fibrillation, 2 or clinical decision rules to exclude acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting to the emergency department. 3Generally, for a prediction rule to be successfully inserted into our clinical lexicon, it should be highly relevant, easy to use, and exercise sufficient discrimination between extremes to allow for deployment of decisional strategies.This frequently requires an artificial reductionism of the clinical outcome of interest into yes or no categorical variables.Often, such an oversimplification of an otherwise complex outcome variable can render it to be less informative. Article see p 3013In this issue of Circulation, Kilic and colleagues 4 sought to develop a clinical prediction rule for the risk stratification of propensity for cardiac allograft rejection.Using a relatively large and contemporary cohort of adult heart transplant recipients (1998 -2008) drawn from the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, these investigators meticulously correlated Ͼ450 clinical variables per patient with the dichotomous primary outcome of cardiac transplant rejection treated at the clinician's discretion by 1 year after transplant.After a laborious statistical process, they found 4 variables worthy of entry into a scoring system (range 0 -13), including age at transplant, recipient sex, recipient race, and the number of donor-recipient HLA mismatches.This scoring system, which assigned numeric values to variables based on the magnitude of the odds ratio for the outcome, was able to provide a range of prediction for occurrence of treated rejections from 16.2% to 50.7% at the 2 extreme scores of 0 and 13, respectively.Not surprisingly, these authors found that although advanced age was protective, female sex, black race, and 5 to 6 donor-recipient HLA mismatches were associated with the greatest risk of rejection.
THE DEACTIVATION OF RABBIT NEUTROPHILS BY CHEMOTACTIC FACTOR AND THE NATURE OF THE ACTIVATABLE ESTERASE
Authors: Peter A. Ward, Elmer L. Becker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

As shown previously, immune complexes engender in rabbit serum a factor capable of inducing chemotaxis of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. This chemotactic factor consists of a complex of the fifth, sixth, and seventh components of complement. As demonstrated here, the polymorphonuclear leukocytes incubated with such treated rabbit serum lose their ability to respond chemotactically to the chemotactic factor. They are "deactivated." The process of "deactivation" is a function of the duration of contact of the cells with, and the concentration of, the treated serum. There is a parallelism between the time course of deactivation and of chemotaxis, as well as the dose-response curves for the two processes. Chemotactic factor purified by isoelectric precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography produces deactivation in the same manner as the treated serum. The deactivating activity requires, as does the chemotactic factor, the sixth component of complement; like the chemotactic factor, it is heat-stable and nondialyzable. Deactivation is prevented by the same phosphonate esters shown previously to prevent chemotaxis by the complement-associated chemotactic factor. The profiles of the phosphonates in protecting against deactivation are the same as the profiles for the chemotactic factor-dependent inhibition of chemotaxis. Aromatic amino acid derivatives prevent both chemotaxis and deactivation. We conclude from this evidence that the chemotactic factor is able to deactivate or induce chemotaxis depending upon experimental conditions. The fact that the profiles given by the phosphonates for protection against chemotactic factor-dependent deactivation and for chemotactic factor-dependent inhibition of chemotaxis are the same indicates that the "activatable esterase" is involved in both processes. Acetate esters such as ethyl acetate and others shown previously to prevent chemotaxis by inhibiting the "activated esterase" do not prevent deactivation. This indicates that deactivation can occur without participation of the latter enzyme, implying that deactivation involves only a part of the biochemical mechanism of chemotaxis. The protection against deactivation afforded by aromatic amino acid derivatives is specific, insofar as nonaromatic amino compounds and simple acetate esters have no effect. In addition, as stated, the aromatic amino acid derivatives inhibit deactivation and chemotaxis by the chemotactic factor. This latter finding, together with the demonstration of the involvement of the activatable esterase in both deactivation and chemotaxis, suggests that the activatable esterase of the rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte is a serine esterase with a special affinity for aromatic amino acid derivatives.
Localization of a Gene Responsible for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia to Chromosome 3p23
Authors: Ferhaan Ahmad, Duanxiang Li, Akihiko Karibe, Oscar Gonzalez, Terry Tapscott, Rita Hill, Donald Weilbaecher, Peter Blackie, Michael Furey, Martin Gardner, Linda L. Bachinski, Robert Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD), a familial cardiomyopathy occurring with a prevalence of 1 in 5000, is characterized by replacement of myocytes with fatty and fibrous tissue. Clinical manifestations include structural and functional abnormalities of the right ventricle and arrhythmias, leading to a sudden death rate of 2.5% per year. Four loci have been mapped, but no gene has been identified as yet. Methods and Results —We identified a large family of &gt;200 members with ARVD segregating as an autosomal dominant trait affecting 10 living individuals. The diagnosis of ARVD was based on international diagnostic criteria including history, physical examination, ECG, echocardiogram, right ventricular angiogram, endomyocardial biopsy, and 24-hour ambulatory ECG. Blood was collected for DNA from 149 family members. Analysis of 257 polymorphic microsatellite markers by genetic linkage excluded previously known loci for ARVD and identified a novel locus at 3p23. Analysis of an additional 20 markers further defined the region. A peak logarithm of the odds score of 6.91 was obtained with marker D3S3613 at θ=0% recombination. Haplotype analysis identified a shared region between markers D3S3610 and D3S3659 of 9.3 cM. Conclusions —A novel locus for ARVD has been mapped to 3p23 and the region narrowed to 9.3 cM. Identification of the gene will allow genetic screening and a specific diagnosis for a disease with protean nonspecific findings. It should also provide insight fundamental to understanding cardiac chamber–specific gene expression and/or the mechanism of myocyte apoptosis observed in this disease.
Acetylcholinesterase in the human erythron. I. Cytochemistry
Authors: Marijke Koekebakker, Ronald D. Barr
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract The successful demonstration and localisation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in cells by a cytochemical technique requires maximal expression of enzyme activity, minimal loss of AChE and precise, quantitative generation of reaction product at the actual site of the protein in vivo. These requirements are addressed in a standard technique that has been modified to avoid or optimise fixation and to exhibit enzyme activity under close‐to‐physiological conditions of osmolality, pH, and temperature. With these refinements and with the use of a variety of substrates and enzyme inhibitors of different specificities, true AChE was demonstrable on the membrane of erythrocytes and in the nucleus and cytoplasm of erythroblasts in bone marrow and of the constituent cells of erythroid clones in vitro. The activity in erythrocytes from umbilical cord blood was less than that in corresponding cells from the peripheral circulation of adults. AChE was observed also in human megakaryocytes and in leucocytes at all levels of differentiation, including the components of granulocyte‐macrophage clones. Pseudocholinesterase was detected likewise across the spectrum of erythroid (and leucocyte) ontogeny, suggesting that these enzymes may exercise an important function in hematopoiesis.
Essential Role of Endothelial Notch1 in Angiogenesis
Authors: Florian P. Limbourg, Kyosuke Takeshita, Freddy Radtke, Roderick T. Bronson, Michael T. Chin, James K. Liao
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Notch signaling influences binary cell fate decisions in a variety of tissues. The Notch1 receptor is widely expressed during embryogenesis and is essential for embryonic development. Loss of global Notch1 function results in early embryonic lethality, but the cell type responsible for this defect is not known. Here, we identify the endothelium as the primary target tissue affected by Notch1 signaling.We generated an endothelium-specific deletion of Notch1 using Tie2Cre and conditional Notch1(flox/flox) mice. Mutant embryos lacking endothelial Notch1 died at approximately embryonic day 10.5 with profound vascular defects in placenta, yolk sac, and embryo proper, whereas heterozygous deletion had no effect. In yolk sacs of mutant embryos, endothelial cells formed a primary vascular plexus indicative of intact vasculogenesis but failed to induce the secondary vascular remodeling required to form a mature network of well-organized large and small blood vessels, which demonstrates a defect in angiogenesis. These vascular defects were also evident in the placenta, where blood vessels failed to invade the placental labyrinth, and in the embryo proper, where defective blood vessel maturation led to pericardial and intersomitic hemorrhage. Enhanced activation of caspase-3 was detected in endothelial and neural cells of mutant mice, which resulted in enhanced apoptotic degeneration of somites and the neural tube.These findings recapitulate the vascular phenotype of global Notch1-/- mutants and indicate an essential cell-autonomous role of Notch1 signaling in the endothelium during vascular development. These results may have important clinical implications with regard to Notch1 signaling in adult angiogenesis.
Medazepam Compared with Amylobarbitone in Treatment of Anxiety
Authors: R. J. Kerry, C. M. McDermott
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A double-blind crossover comparison of medazepam 10 mg three times a day against amylobarbitone 60 mg three times a day in outpatients with neurotic anxiety showed that medazepam was superior in relieving symptoms. At this dose of medazepam drowsiness or ataxia was rarely a problem.
Automated External Defibrillators
Authors: Daniel Stryer, William Lawrence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters1 October 2002Automated External DefibrillatorsDaniel Stryer, MD and William Lawrence, MD, MSDaniel Stryer, MDAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, MD 20852 (Stryer, Lawrence)Search for more papers by this author and William Lawrence, MD, MSAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, MD 20852 (Stryer, Lawrence)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-7-200210010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Takata and colleagues (1) do a nice job of reviewing the recent advances that have led to the expanding use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs). However, although AEDs clearly save lives, greater attention must be devoted to understanding their cost-effectiveness. One study referenced by Takata and colleagues estimated that a public access defibrillation program would cost $27 000 to $44 000 U.S. per quality-adjusted life-year, amounts that are generally considered cost-effective (2). However, this estimate is severely biased by the assumption that “the density of defibrillators … was such that one device was available for each cardiac ...References1. Takata TS, Page RL, Joglar JA. Automated external defibrillators: technical considerations and clinical promise. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:990-8. [PMID: 11730400] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Nichol G, Hallstrom AP, Ornato JP, Riegel B, Stiell IG, Valenzuela T, et al . Potential cost-effectiveness of public access defibrillation in the United States. Circulation. 1998;97:1315-20. [PMID: 9570205] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Becker L, Eisenberg M, Fahrenbruch C, Cobb L. Public locations of cardiac arrest. Implications for public access defibrillation. Circulation. 1998;97:2106-9. [PMID: 9626169] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel Stryer, MD; William Lawrence, MD, MSAffiliations: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Rockville, MD 20852 (Stryer, Lawrence) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAutomated External Defibrillators: Technical Considerations and Clinical Promise Theodore S. Takata , Richard L. Page , and Jose A. Joglar Metrics 1 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 7Page: 622KeywordsAutomated external defibrillatorBloodHeartLungsQuality adjusted life yearsVentricular fibrillation ePublished: 1 October 2002 Issue Published: 1 October 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...