tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The air quality in Danish urban areas.
Authors: F P Jensen, J Fenger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The Danish air pollution abatement is based by and large on emission control. Since the ratification of the international sulfur protocol of 1985, there has been a continuous tightening of the permissible sulfur content in fuels and of the maximum emissions from power plants. As a consequence, the total annual emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been reduced from 450,000 tons in the seventies to 180,000 tons in 1990. This has had a pronounced effect on the SO2 levels in Danish urban areas. Thus, in Copenhagen, the yearly averages have fallen to about 25%. For nitrogen oxides emitted from the power plants, similar regulations are in force. With this legislation, the most important and crucial source of air pollution in Danish urban areas is road traffic. The contribution of nitrogen oxides from national traffic accounts for nearly half the total Danish emission and is increasing steadily; this is consistent with an observed increase of nitrogen oxides in ambient air. The permissible levels of lead in petrol has been reduced drastically. After an introduction of reduced tax on lead-free petrol, it now accounts for more than two-thirds of the total consumption. As a result, the concentration of lead in urban ambient air has been reduced to less than one-sixth. The introduction of 3-way catalytic converters from October 1990 will result in reductions in the emission of a series of pollutants, e.g., lead, volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. In 1980, a Danish air quality monitoring program was established as a cooperative effort between the authorities, the Government, the countries, the municipalities, and the Greater Copenhagen Council.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of graded muscle contractions on spinal cord substance P release, arterial blood pressure, and heart rate.
Authors: L B Wilson, I E Fuchs, J H Mitchell
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The release of substance P (SP)-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and the cardiovascular changes to both high-tension (HT) and low-tension (LT) contractions were determined using alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Over a 10-minute period, seven contractions (HT or LT) were induced. Each contraction was 20 seconds in duration and was followed by an 80-second quiescent period. The tension-time index (TTI) for the HT contractions was 2751 +/- 348 kg.s (mean +/- SD), which was greater than the TTI of 813 +/- 167 kg.s for the LT contractions. The HT contractions caused a greater release of SP-LI than the LT contractions: SP-LI increased from 0.18 +/- 0.02 to 0.32 +/- 0.03 fmol/100 microL and from 0.18 +/- 0.02 to 0.25 +/- 0.04 fmol/100 microL for the two types of contractions, respectively. Concomitant with this greater SP-LI release, HT contractions caused larger increases in mean arterial pressure (34 +/- 16 versus 11 +/- 4 mm Hg) and heart rate (18 +/- 7 versus 8 +/- 4 beats per minute) than did the LT contractions. These changes in SP-LI, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were virtually abolished when the contractions were repeated after sectioning the L-5-S-2 dorsal and ventral roots or when the electrical stimulation of the ventral roots was repeated after muscle paralysis with gallamine triethiodide. These results demonstrate that contraction-evoked SP-LI release in the dorsal horn is related to the developed tension. Furthermore, these data provide additional support for the hypothesis that the release of SP from the central terminations of muscle afferents plays a role in mediating the cardiovascular responses to static contraction of skeletal muscle.
Treatment of solid tumor with autologous natural killer cells in mouse models
Authors: Nan-Shih Liao
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Cancer immunosurveillance protects the host from outgrowth of tumor cells. Natural killer (NK) cell function positively associates with reduction of cancer risk and with better survival of gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients. We expanded murine NK cells and characterized their
"Lymphatic Reactions" Among Relatives of Leukaemic Patients
Authors: S. N. Ardashnikov
Journal: BMJ (1947)

In our first report (1934) we called attention to the extremely rare manifestation of the genotypical factors predisposing to leukaemia.This, taken together with a peculiar lymphatic reaction in a brother of a leukaemic patient, suggested the possibility of atypical cases, or "formes frustes," among the relatives of leukaemic patients.In fact, while leukaemia is not always manifest as such in bearers of the leukaemia genotypical factors, it might occasionally appear in some peculiar form of the disease.Some such cases of lymphatic reaction in members of a leukaemic family are described below.
Unusual Bone Scintigraphic Findings of Secondary Myelofibrosis Associated With Disseminated Tuberculosis Before and After Therapy
Authors: Myung-Hee Sohn, Min-Woo Kim, Seok Tae Lim, Jae-Yong Kwak, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

This case concerns a patient with secondary myelofibrosis associated with disseminated tuberculosis who manifested unusual bone scintigraphic findings. The bone images showed a generalized increased uptake in the axial skeleton, including the clavicles and mandible and the proximal long bones similar to a Superscan, and multiple hot spots similar to metastatic disease, combined with increased activity of the metaphyseal ends of the appendicular bones, including the joints. The bone scintigraphs obtained 17 months after antituberculous therapy showed progressive improvement in the known lesions, accompanied by the appearance of new lesions and the apparent visualization of some lesions that may be identical to a flare phenomenon.
Graft-versus-host disease disrupts intestinal microbial ecology by inhibiting Paneth cell production of α-defensins
Authors: Yoshihiro Eriguchi, Shuichiro Takashima, Hideyo Oka, Sonoko Shimoji, Kiminori Nakamura, Hidetaka Uryu, Shinji Shimoda, Hiromi Iwasaki, Nobuyuki Shimono, Tokiyoshi Ayabe, Koichi Akashi, Takanori Teshima
Journal: Blood (2012)
Can We Change the Course of Beta-Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetes?
Authors: Edwin A.M. Gale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Imagine a nephrologist with no biopsy needle, no imaging techniques, no serum creatinine measurement — a nephrologist whose patients need dialysis when they first present for care. This is the predicament of the diabetologist, whose patients with type 1 diabetes routinely present with end-stage pancreatic beta-cell failure and must be informed that they have an incurable condition requiring lifelong rear-guard action against vascular complications. The future may not be so bleak, however. The natural history of the process leading to type 1 diabetes has been charted by prospective studies; robust predictive strategies are in place; and trials of a variety . . .
Endoscopy of the Pancreatic Duct
Authors: M. Classen, K. Schwemmle, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

In a 33-year-old female patient presenting with chronic pancreatitis which had led to a massive dilatation of the pancreatic duct system and a pseudocyst in the head of the pancreas, multiple stenoses and calibre fluctuations, a cholangioscope was introduced into the pancreatic duct and the cyst during surgery. The optical conditions were good, the diameter of the instrument prevented its passage past the strictures. This report indicates the technical possibilities of surgical endoscopy of the pancreatic duct.
Bone-Marrow Transplant in an Identical Twin
Authors: S. D. Mills, R. A. Kyle, G. A. Hallenbeck, G. L. Pease, I. C. Cree
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A graft of hemopoietic cells from an identical twin was used successfully in the treatment of severe hypoplastic anemia of unknown origin in a 9-year-old child. Similar success in treatment of marrow failure, also in a 9-year-old girl, is reported by Thomas and associates (p 1079). This brings to five the number of reported cases of isogenic bone-marrow transplants, three of them with successful outcome. In spite of the risks involved, further use of this technique in identical twins is encouraged.
Diagnostic Decision-Making, Burdens of Proof, and a $6000 per Hour Memory Lapse
Authors: Steven H. Horowitz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Systemic lupus erythematosus in men: clinical and immunological characteristics.
Authors: J Font, R Cervera, M Navarro, L Pallares, A Lopez-Soto, J Vivancos, M Ingelmo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Although systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has traditionally been considered a disease of women, men may also be affected. Thirty of 261 patients (12%) with SLE seen in this hospital were men. Arthritis was less common as a first symptom in the men, although this group of patients had discoid lesions and serositis more often than the women. During the follow up a lower incidence of arthritis and malar rash and a higher incidence of other skin complications including discoid lesions and subcutaneous lupus erythematosus was found in the men. The incidence of nephropathy, neurological disease, thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, and serositis, was similar in the two groups. No significant immunological differences were found between men and women. These features indicate that several gender associated clinical differences may be present in patients with SLE.
Prevalence and Risk of Violence and the Physical, Mental, and Sexual Health Problems Associated with Human Trafficking: Systematic Review
Authors: Siân Oram, Heidi Stöckl, Joanna Busza, Louise M. Howard, Cathy Zimmerman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

There is very limited evidence on the health consequences of human trafficking. This systematic review reports on studies investigating the prevalence and risk of violence while trafficked and the prevalence and risk of physical, mental, and sexual health problems, including HIV, among trafficked people.We conducted a systematic review comprising a search of Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science, hand searches of reference lists of included articles, citation tracking, and expert recommendations. We included peer-reviewed papers reporting on the prevalence or risk of violence while trafficked and/or on the prevalence or risk of any measure of physical, mental, or sexual health among trafficked people. Two reviewers independently screened papers for eligibility and appraised the quality of included studies. The search identified 19 eligible studies, all of which reported on trafficked women and girls only and focused primarily on trafficking for sexual exploitation. The review suggests a high prevalence of violence and of mental distress among women and girls trafficked for sexual exploitation. The random effects pooled prevalence of diagnosed HIV was 31.9% (95% CI 21.3%-42.4%) in studies of women accessing post-trafficking support in India and Nepal, but the estimate was associated with high heterogeneity (I² = 83.7%). Infection prevalence may be related as much to prevalence rates in women's areas of origin or exploitation as to the characteristics of their experience. Findings are limited by the methodological weaknesses of primary studies and their poor comparability and generalisability.Although limited, existing evidence suggests that trafficking for sexual exploitation is associated with violence and a range of serious health problems. Further research is needed on the health of trafficked men, individuals trafficked for other forms of exploitation, and effective health intervention approaches.
Germany bans British beef
Authors: H L Karcher
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Germany's upper house of parliament confimed last week that it would support the government's ban of British beef. The ban is initially for six months but could be extended at the end of this year.

Britain and the European Commission have already protested against the decision, claiming that it may violate European Common Market laws. Horst Seehofer, the German minister of health, who initiated the ban, said that he had asked other …
Polychlorinated biphenyls and methylmercury act synergistically to reduce rat brain dopamine content in vitro.
Authors: J C Bemis, R F Seegal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Consumption of contaminated Great Lakes fish by pregnant women is associated with decreased birth weight and deficits in cognitive function in their infants and children. These fish contain many known and suspected anthropogenic neurotoxicants, making it difficult to determine which contaminant(s) are responsible for the observed deficits. We have undertaken a series of experiments to determine the relevant toxicants by comparing the neurotoxic effects of two of these contaminants--polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and methylmercury (MeHg)--both of which are recognized neurotoxicants. Striatal punches obtained from adult rat brain were exposed to PCBs only, MeHg only, or the two in combination, and tissue and media concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Exposure to PCBs only reduced tissue DA and elevated media DA in a dose-dependent fashion. Exposure to MeHg only did not significantly affect either measure. However, when striatal punches were simultaneously exposed to PCBs and MeHg, there were significantly greater decreases in tissue DA concentrations and elevations in media DA than those caused by PCBs only, in the absence of changes in media lactate dehydrogenase concentrations. Elevations in both tissue and media 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentrations were also observed. We suggest that the significant interactions between these two toxicants may be due to a common site of action (i.e., toxicant-induced increases in intracellular calcium and changes in second messenger systems) that influences DA function. The synergism between these contaminants suggests that future revisions of fish-consumption guidelines should consider contaminant interactions.
Efficacy of Total Lymphoid Irradiation in Intractable Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: SAMUEL STROBER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Twenty-six patients participated in a randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of total lymphoid irradiation in the treatment of intractable rheumatoid arthritis. All 26 patients, for whom therapy with gold compounds and penicillamine had failed, would ordinarily have been considered candidates for cytotoxic or antimetabolite drug therapy. Thirteen patients randomly assigned to receive full-dose total lymphoid irradiation (2000 rad) and 11 patients assigned to receive control low-dose total lymphoid irradiation (200 rad) completed radiotherapy. Alleviation of joint disease activity was significantly greater in the high-dose group as judged by morning stiffness, joint tenderness, and functional assessment (global composite score) at 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy. The high-dose group had a marked reduction in both T-lymphocyte function and numbers, but this finding was not observed in the low-dose group. Complications seen in the high-dose but not low-dose group included transient neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, pericarditis, and pleurisy.
Abstract LB-289: Synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, PF-04928473 and prodrug PF-04929113, demonstrates potent antitumor activity in head and neck cancer by inhibiting multiple proliferative and prosurvival signaling pathways
Authors: Jay Friedman, Stephanie Contag, Michael Hu, Christian Freudlsperger, Vishnu Kannabiran, Pattatheyil Arun, James Mitchell, Jamey Skillings, Julie Kan, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone that stabilizes client substrates involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Cancer cells display increased dependency on Hsp90 and client oncoproteins, and Hsp90 has been identified as a druggable target. This study investigated the biological activity of a synthetic small molecule inhibitor of Hsp90, PF-04928473 and the orally available pro-drug PF-04929113 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Experimental Design: Hsp90 expression was examined in nine human HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC). In vitro, the effect of PF-04928473 on cell proliferation, death and cell cycle were examined by MTT assay and flow cytometry. The effects on signaling molecules and cytokine production were determined using Western blot, reporter gene, and Luminex assays. In vitro combination with radiation was examined using the clonogenic survival assay. The effect of pro-drug PF-04929113 on UMSCC-11A tumor growth and Hsp90 client proteins were examined in the murine xenograft model and by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: UMSCC cell lines over-expressed Hsp90 mRNA and protein when compared with normal keratinocytes. In vitro, PF-04928473 potently inhibited UMSCC cell growth, induced cell death and modulated cell cycle, with an IC50 range of 32-73nmol/L. Combining radiation and PF-04928473 increased radiation sensitivity by a dose modifying effect of 1.4. PF-04928473 significantly modulated signaling molecules, including down-regulation of c-Met receptor, IKK, IKK, and BCLXL, as well as up-regulation of cleaved PARP, pro-apoptotic p53, PUMA, and p21 protein expression. The drug inhibited AKT, ERK, and STAT3 phosphorylation, suppressed NF- B, AP-1, BCLXL, and IL8 reporter activities, and blocked IL8, IL6, and VEGF production. In vivo, pro-drug PF-04929113 20mg/kg daily for 3-7 weeks significantly inhibited tumor growth. After treatment, tumor specimens showed increased IHC staining for p53, PUMA, and TUNEL, and decreased staining for c-Met, SRC, p-STAT3, p-AKT, p-ERK, IKK, RELB, Ki67 and CD31. Conclusion: Synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor PF-04928473 effectively modulated proliferation, cell survival, and inflammatory and angiogeneic cytokine production in HNSCC in vitro. Pro-drug PF-04929113 inhibits tumor growth in vivo by promoting apoptosis through inhibition of several key signaling pathways. [Supported by NIDCD project ZIA-DC-000073] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-289.
The human neutrophil serine proteinases, elastase and cathepsin G, can mediate glomerular injury in vivo.
Authors: R J Johnson, W G Couser, C E Alpers, M Vissers, M Schulze, S J Klebanoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

We infused microgram quantities of active or inactive PMN elastase and cathepsin G into the renal arteries of rats. Both active and inactive elastase localized to the glomerular capillary wall equally, and in amounts that could be achieved physiologically in GN. However, elastase-perfused rats developed marked proteinuria (196 +/- 32 mg/24 h) compared with control rats receiving inactive elastase (19 +/- 2 mg/24 h, p less than 0.005). Similar results were seen with active and inactive cathepsin G. Neither elastase nor cathepsin G infusion was associated with histologic evidence of glomerular injury. We conclude that the PMN neutral serine proteinases elastase and cathepsin G can mediate marked changes in glomerular permeability in vivo due to their proteolytic activity, and thus, may contribute to the proteinuria observed in PMN-dependent models of GN.
The APL Paradigm and the “Co-Clinical Trial” Project
Authors: Caterina Nardella, Andrea Lunardi, Akash Patnaik, Lewis C. Cantley, Pier Paolo Pandolfi
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

Abstract Tremendous advances in technologies have allowed the attainment of powerful insights into the molecular and genetic determinants that drive human cancers. However, this acquired knowledge has been translated into effective therapeutics very slowly, in part due to difficulty in predicting which drug or drug combination is likely to be effective in the complex mutational background of human cancers. To address this difficulty we have proposed and initiated the “co-clinical trial” project, in which we exploit mouse models that faithfully replicate the variety of mutational events observed in human cancers, to conduct preclinical trials that parallel ongoing human phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we focus on concepts relevant to the application of this novel paradigm and the essential components required for its implementation to ultimately achieve the rational and rapid development of new therapeutic treatments. Cancer Discovery; 1(2); 108–16. ©2011 AACR.
Optimum conditions for efficient phagocytosis of rifampicin-loaded PLGA microspheres by alveolar macrophages
Authors: Keiji Hirota, Taizo Hasegawa, Hideyuki Hinata, Fuminori Ito, Hiroyuki Inagawa, Chie Kochi, Gen-Ichiro Soma, Kimiko Makino, Hiroshi Terada
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Patient Preferences and Clinical Guidelines
Authors: Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Angina pectoris is the cardinal symptom of ischemic heart disease, and there are several well-established methods to measure its severity. The number of attacks in a week or a month is the simplest measure of severity. The frequency of angina provides an incomplete picture, however, since patients with stable angina soon learn the level of effort that brings on discomfort. They can reduce their activity level sufficiently to avoid angina, rendering them symptom free, but impaired nevertheless.<sup>1</sup>The Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification assesses whether a specific level of ambulation, such as walking up a flight of stairs, precipitates angina.<sup>2</sup>The Canadian system and further refinements of its basic approach<sup>3,4</sup>define angina severity in terms of threshold of activity needed to cause symptoms—the less strenuous the activity needed to precipitate angina, the more severe the symptoms. See also p 1185. Severity of angina can be assessed simply by