tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nutrient sensing by the mitochondrial transcription machinery dictates oxidative phosphorylation
Authors: Lijun Liu, Minwoo Nam, Wei Fan, Thomas E. Akie, David C. Hoaglin, Guangping Gao, John F. Keaney, Marcus P. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), an important regulator of energy metabolism and lipid oxidation, is induced in fasted liver mitochondria and implicated in metabolic syndrome. In fasted liver, SIRT3-mediated increases in substrate flux depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), but precisely how OXPHOS meets the challenge of increased substrate oxidation in fasted liver remains unclear. Here, we show that liver mitochondria in fasting mice adapt to the demand of increased substrate oxidation by increasing their OXPHOS efficiency. In response to cAMP signaling, SIRT3 deacetylated and activated leucine-rich protein 130 (LRP130; official symbol, LRPPRC), promoting a mitochondrial transcriptional program that enhanced hepatic OXPHOS. Using mass spectrometry, we identified SIRT3-regulated lysine residues in LRP130 that generated a lysine-to-arginine (KR) mutant of LRP130 that mimics deacetylated protein. Compared with wild-type LRP130 protein, expression of the KR mutant increased mitochondrial transcription and OXPHOS in vitro. Indeed, even when SIRT3 activity was abolished, activation of mitochondrial transcription and OXPHOS by the KR mutant remained robust, further highlighting the contribution of LRP130 deacetylation to increased OXPHOS in fasted liver. These data establish a link between nutrient sensing and mitochondrial transcription that regulates OXPHOS in fasted liver and may explain how fasted liver adapts to increased substrate oxidation.
Regulating Sales by Nonlicensed Firearm Vendors—Reply
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REPORT ON THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF PENICILLIN: V. Penicillin in Soft-tissue Lesions
Authors: J. N. Barron, O. T. Mansfield
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL OURNAL51in one only.In seven there was only temporary improvement, and in eight none.At least three factors appear to be responsible for the unsatisfactory results:1. Failutre of Con1itnuiouis Application.-Themechanical difficulties of securing continuous action are great.Solution may escape from sinuses and often cannot be retained at all in large shallow wounds.Case 7 was an exception: complete immobilization enabLed a lake of solution to be maintained in the wound for two months, which steadily proceeded to heal in spite of the presence of a resistant organism (Protelus) together with a susceptible one (Staph.auirelus).2. inaccessibility of the Bone Infection.-Inmany cases it seemed improbable that the penicillin solution instilled down a sinus or introduced into a bone cavity reached the whole of the infected area -areas of deep osteitis persisting, and only the superficial infection being affected (e.g., Cases 4, 6, and 7).It was shown in Case 9 that a bone cavity can be sterilized temporarily, but on the cessation of treatment the infection recurred.Re-infections may occur from the skin in some instances, but in a number of cases it was observed that the infecting organism was identical with that present in the wound before sterilization (Case 12, a and b).This suggests that the deeper areas of osteitis remained untouched.3. The Presenice of Dead Bone.-Regardless of their accessibility or otherwise to penicillin, however administered, there were evidently, in some of these cases, areas of bone of which the surgical removal was necessary before healing could occur.In the presence of sequestra, penicillin treatment unaided by surgery has been unsuccessful.
Pregnant woman in El Salvador whose life was in danger has been allowed a caesarean section
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

This patient, known to have ectodermal dysplasia, was referred to the hospital to investigate the cause for his significant pedal oedema and hypoproteinaemia. Investigations ruled out protein loss from the kidney and there was no evidence of chronic liver disease. Protein-losing enteropathy became a diagnosis of exclusion. To investigate it further, he underwent an oral gastroduodenoscopy and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen, which showed an abnormal duodenal mucosa and extensive retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Biopsies confirmed this to be grade II follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The lymphadenopathy was causing obstructive hydronephrosis, which required a nephrostomy. He received a course of steroids and chemotherapy. His condition, however, deteriorated and he died.
LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSSYNCHRONY ESTIMATED BY REAL TIME 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ACUTELY ONSET AFTER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PREDICTS FINAL INFARCT SIZE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING
Authors: Noriaki Iwahashi, Masami Kosuge, Mitsuaki Endo, Nobuhiko Maejima, Kengo Tsukahara, Kiyoshi Hibi, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Emerging Concepts of Mental Illness and Models of Treatment: The Medical Point of View
Authors: ROY R. GRINKER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

In debates about the medical model vs. other models in the treatment of mental disorders, the proponents on each side often disregard the fact that the biopsychosocial field cannot be fractured into separate parts. Since no one individual can encompass this entire field of knowledge, this author believes, what is needed is genuine multidisciplinary collaboration rather than a "parceling off" of professional territories. The goal of the mental health disciplines should be evolutionary experimentation, with all members cooperatively involved in the processes of allocated individual as well as overlapping functions.
Regression of Established AB1 Murine Mesothelioma Induced by Peritumoral Injections of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Either Alone or in Combination with Poly(I:C) and CD40 Ligand Plasmid DNA
Authors: Geoffrey W. Stone, Suzanne Barzee, Victoria Snarsky, Camila Santucci, Brian Tran, Richard S. Kornbluth
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Pathogenesis of the Sporadic Case of Tuberculosis
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

PROBABLY every physician has been surprised by the sporadic appearance of pulmonary and other forms of tuberculosis in a previously healthy older person in whom recent exposure to an open case of the infection appeared highly unlikely. Occasionally, active tuberculosis is discovered at autopsy as the cause of an unexplained illness in a person with no apparent source of infection in the environment. When the disease is extrapulmonary (kidney, spine and so forth) it is usually explained as a late progression of a dormant infection. But when it lies within the lung, it is common to invoke reinfection (or superinfection) . . .
Early tacrolimus exposure after liver transplantation: Relationship with moderate/severe acute rejection and long-term outcome
Authors: Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez, Giacomo Germani, Vasilios Papastergiou, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Evangelos Thalassinos, Tu Vinh Luong, Nancy Rolando, Amar Paul Dhillon, David Patch, James O’Beirne, Douglas Thorburn, Andrew Kenneth Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Prospective clinical and manometric study comparing pneumatic dilatation and sublingual nifedipine in the treatment of oesophageal achalasia.
Authors: G Coccia, M Bortolotti, P Michetti, M Dodero
Journal: Gut (1991)

A study was carried out in 30 patients affected by a mild or moderate degree of oesophageal achalasia to compare the clinical and manometric effects of sublingual nifedipine and pneumatic dilatation. Sixteen patients were dilated twice with Rider-Moeller dilators and 14 were treated with sublingual nifedipine 10-20 mg 30 minutes before meals. A manometric evaluation was performed before and six months after starting treatment. The clinical evaluation (according to Vantrappen9s criteria) was performed every three months for a mean follow up of 21 months. In both groups of patients a significant (p less than 0.001) fall in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was observed after treatment and excellent or good clinical results were observed in 75% of dilated patients and in 77% of patients treated with nifedipine. One patient could not tolerate nifedipine. No complications were observed after dilatation. It is concluded that longterm treatment with sublingual nifedipine and pneumatic dilatation are equally effective in the treatment of oesophageal achalasia of mild or moderate degree.
Expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Different Stages of Human Atherosclerosis
Authors: Anke Burger-Kentischer, Heike Goebel, Rüdiger Seiler, Gustav Fraedrich, Hans E. Schaefer, Stefanie Dimmeler, Robert Kleemann, Jürgen Bernhagen, Christian Ihling
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the arterial wall to injury. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a cytokine with potent inflammatory functions, was thus considered to be important in atherosclerotic lesion evolution. Methods and Results — We studied the presence and distribution of MIF immunoreactivity (MIF-IR) and MIF mRNA in internal mammary arteries with a normal histology and arteries with plaques in different stages of human atherosclerosis. To address a potential role for the coactivator Jab1 as a cellular mediator of MIF effects in vascular tissue, we correlated the expression of MIF to that of Jab1 by using immunohistochemistry and coimmunoprecipitation. We further sought to determine a potential functional role for endothelium-derived MIF in early atherogenesis by studying the effects of oxidized LDL on MIF expression in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. The results showed that MIF-IR and Jab1-IR are found in all cell types present in atherosclerotic lesions, that MIF-IR is upregulated during progression of atherosclerosis, that MIF is produced locally in the arterial wall, and that all MIF + cells are simultaneously Jab1 + . Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated in vivo complex formation between MIF and Jab1 in plaques. MIF expression in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells and a macrophage line was upregulated after stimulation with oxidized LDL. Conclusions — MIF is produced abundantly by various cells in all types of human atherosclerotic lesions and thus may play an important role in early plaque development and advanced complicated lesions. MIF-Jab1 complexes could serve critical regulatory functions in atherosclerotic lesion evolution.
Endocrinology and Human Behaviour
Authors: Robert H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Michael asked distinguished clinicians and scientists from here and abroad to correlate their laboratory results with clinical findings to determine if animal observations, especially on primates, can be used to understand the endocrine basis of human behavior. The contributors offer us carefully controlled laboratory animal studies with some 800 salient references which provide a sound biological foundation for evaluating the endocrine-behavioral processes in man. Partner preference, female attractiveness, mating invitation and refusal, sex arousal, grooming, and mounting of the rhesus monkey depend on endocrine changes which remind us of the human condition. Discussions following each paper bring out differences of opinion on controversial subjects and unify the text into a vigorous and informative treatise. High-quality pictures, graphs, and tables serve to visualize and summarize the fascinating concepts about how and why people behave as they do. A broad interdisciplinary approach raises tantalizing questions about present-day human behavior and relates
Myocardial Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Marieke Rienks, Anna-Pia Papageorgiou, Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis, Stephane Heymans
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex architectural network consisting of structural and nonstructural proteins, creating strength and plasticity. The nonstructural compartment of the ECM houses a variety of proteins, which are vital for ECM plasticity, and can be divided into 3 major groups: glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. The common denominator for these groups is glycosylation, which refers to the decoration of proteins or lipids with sugars. This review will discuss the fundamental role of the matrix in cardiac development, homeostasis, and remodeling, from a glycobiology point of view. Glycoproteins (eg, thrombospondins, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, tenascins), proteoglycans (eg, versican, syndecans, biglycan), and glycosaminoglycans (eg, hyaluronan, heparan sulfate) are upregulated on cardiac injury and regulate key processes in the remodeling myocardium such as inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Albeit some parallels can be made regarding the processes these proteins are involved in, their specific functions are extremely diverse. In fact, under varying conditions, individual proteins can even have opposing functions, making spatiotemporal contribution of these proteins in the rearrangement of multifaceted ECM very hard to grasp. Alterations of protein characteristics by the addition of sugars may explain the immense, yet tightly regulated, variability of the remodeling cardiac matrix. Understanding the role of glycosylation in altering the ultimate function of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans in the myocardium may lead to the development of new biochemical structures or compounds with great therapeutic potential for patients with heart disease.
Ikaros increases normal apoptosis in adult erythroid cells
Authors: Dianne Pulte, Rocio A. Lopez, Shane T. Baker, Maureen Ward, Ellen Ritchie, Christine A. Richardson, David W. O'Neill, Arthur Bank
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract Ikaros is a critical transcriptional regulator of hematopoietic cell differentiation. In addition to its effects on the lymphoid system and hematopoietic stem‐cell compartment, we have previously shown that Ikaros is also required for normal erythroid development. In this report, we compare Ikaros‐dependent gene expression in erythroid cells of mice lacking the Ikaros protein with that of normal mice in purified adult bone‐marrow erythroid cells (BMRC). Gene expression, measured by Affymetrix microarray analysis, indicates that in the BMRC of Ikaros‐null mice, there is significant up‐regulation of SMADs 6 and 7, serine protease inhibitor 3, and immediate–early protein 3 (IER3), all proteins that play a modulating role in apoptosis. We investigate the role of Ikaros in oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis using Annexin‐V staining and FACS analysis. We find a decrease in apoptosis in the BMRC of Ikaros‐null mice compared to normal mice. This effect is also seen in nonerythroid cells but is stronger in BMRC. We conclude that normal Ikaros function increases normal apoptosis in erythroid cells. The data also suggest that Ikaros plays a role in apoptosis‐mediated events in other normal hematopoietic cell lineages. Am. J. Hematol. 81:12–18, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biventricular pacemaker stimulation in advanced congestive heart failure — Single center experience
Authors: Barbara Lamp, Bert Hansky, Axel Meissner, Olaf Krahnefeld, Lothar Faber, Gero Tenderich, Kazutomo Minami, Reiner Körfer, Dieter Horstkotte, Jürgen Vogt
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Using Clinical Factors and Mammographic Breast Density to Estimate Breast Cancer Risk: Development and Validation of a New Predictive Model
Authors: Jeffrey A. Tice, Steven R. Cummings, Rebecca Smith-Bindman, Laura Ichikawa, William E. Barlow, Karla Kerlikowske
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Current models for assessing breast cancer risk are complex and do not include breast density, a strong risk factor for breast cancer that is routinely reported with mammography. Objective: To develop and validate an easy-to-use breast cancer risk prediction model that includes breast density. Design: Empirical model based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence, and relative hazards from a prospective cohort. Setting: Screening mammography sites participating in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Patients: 1 095 484 women undergoing mammography who had no previous diagnosis of breast cancer. Measurements: Self-reported age, race or ethnicity, family history of breast cancer, and history of breast biopsy. Community radiologists rated breast density by using 4 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories. Results: During 5.3 years of follow-up, invasive breast cancer was diagnosed in 14 766 women. The breast density model was well calibrated overall (expected–observed ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.99 to 1.06]) and in racial and ethnic subgroups. It had modest discriminatory accuracy (concordance index, 0.66 [CI, 0.65 to 0.67]). Women with low-density mammograms had 5-year risks less than 1.67% unless they had a family history of breast cancer and were older than age 65 years. Limitation: The model has only modest ability to discriminate between women who will develop breast cancer and those who will not. Conclusion: A breast cancer prediction model that incorporates routinely reported measures of breast density can estimate 5-year risk for invasive breast cancer. Its accuracy needs to be further evaluated in independent populations before it can be recommended for clinical use.
P1-08-14: Arsenic Methylation Is Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in Northern Mexico.
Authors: L López-Carrillo, U Hernández-Ramírez, L Torres-Sánchez, JA Gandolfi, JM Ornelas-Aguirre, ME Cebrián
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Arsenic (iAs) exposure has been associated with several types of cancer. However, most studies to date have not yet implicated iAs as a cofactor for breast cancer (BC). BC incidence and mortality are 3-fold higher in Northern Mexico (NM) than in the rest of the country. iAs levels in drinking water are a source of concern since they have been above international standards. We hypothesized that iAs exposure and individual Arsenic-methylation ability are potential cofactors for BC risk. Material and Methods: We investigated 840 BC incident cases and 973 controls from a population-based case-control study performed in NM. Women were directly interviewed about dietary and reproductive BC covariables. iAs metabolites in urine were determined by HPLC/ICP-MS. Methylation capacity was assessed by calculating the percentage of iAs species and primary [MMA(V)/(As(III)+As(V)] (PMI) and secondary [DMA(V)/MMA(V)] methylation indexes (SMI). Results: The range of total urinary Arsenic was 0.4−303.9 ug/L. Most women (91%) had values above 50 ugAs/L.%MMA(V) was significantly higher in BC cases while%DMA(V) was significantly lower. PMI was positively associated with BC (OR T3vsT1=1.47; CI95=1.17−1.84; p for trend=0.001), while SMI was negatively associated (OR T3vsT1=0.54; CI95=0.42−0.68; p for trend&amp;lt;0.001). Discussion: As exposure may pose a risk for BC, particularly in women with higher capacity to methylate iAs to MMA(V) and lower capacity to further methylate MMA(V) to DMA(V). This is consistent with studies indicating that the proportion of MMA(V) in urine was positively associated whereas that of DMA(V) was inversely associated with the risk of skin, bladder and lung cancer. Further research is needed about the temporal relationships between disease and methylation capacity and the presence of potential association modifiers, including environmental and genetic factors involved in one carbon metabolism. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-14.
Postprandial haemodynamic changes: a source of bias in cardiovascular research affected by its own methodological bias
Authors: C D. MEY, S HANSEN-SCHMIDT, D ENTERLING
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The effects of heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of eating a 3100 kJ cold meal were assessed in eight young normal subjects studied in a randomised and balanced crossover study. Blood pressure was measured simultaneously and in the same arm by auscultation of the fossa cubitalis (Korotkoff I, IV, and V), by an automated device with a microphone over the brachial artery (equivalent to Korotkoff I and V), and by graphical analysis of these microphone signals (equivalent to Korotkoff I and IV). Eating caused a rise in mean heart rate, a small rise in systolic blood pressure, and a decrease in diastolic blood pressure, which was overestimated when Korotkoff V rather than Korotkoff IV endpoints were considered. Both the automated device and the graphical analysis yielded acceptable overall quantitative agreement with the auscultatory method. Both alternative methods allowed similar postprandial blood pressure trends to be detected, but the quantitative agreement in estimating the postprandial effects was far less optimal. Eating therefore was shown to cause changes that might distort and confuse the interpretation of cardiovascular data in studies in which subjects are allowed to eat. This source of bias itself appeared to be affected by its own methodological bias.
Diagnosis of Left Atrial Myxoma by Echocardiography
Authors: Robert E. Finegan, Donald C. Harrison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN a recent symposium on cardiac tumors, meager reference was made to the use of echocardiography in the diagnosis of intracardiac tumors.1 However, several reports confirming the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of intracardiac tumors have recently appeared.2 3 4 5 This report presents another case in which the diagnosis of an atrial myxoma was made by echocardiography (subsequently confirmed by angiocardiography and surgery); clear margins of the tumor were defined by the echocardiograph as it moved within the heart.Case ReportA 51-year-old woman was admitted to Stanford University Hospital on September 24, 1969, for evaluation. In June, 1968, a routine . . .