tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of diabetes, serum insulin, and c-peptide with gallbladder disease
Authors: Constance E. Ruhl, James E. Everhart
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

An inconsistent association has been found between gallbladder disease and diabetes mellitus. We hypothesized that insulin resistance rather than diabetes status may be a primary factor involved in gallstone formation. A total of 5,653 adult participants in the third United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey without known diabetes underwent gallbladder ultrasonography and phlebotomy after an overnight fast for measurement of serum insulin, C-peptide, and glucose. Gallbladder disease was defined as ultrasound-documented gallstones or evidence of cholecystectomy. Subjects were characterized as having normal fasting glucose (&lt;110 mg/dL), impaired fasting glucose (110 to &lt;126 mg/dL), or undiagnosed diabetes (≥126 mg/dL). After controlling for other known gallbladder disease risk factors, among women, undiagnosed diabetes was associated with increased risk of gallbladder disease (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-2.83); whereas impaired fasting glucose was unassociated. Gallbladder disease risk in women increased with levels of fasting insulin (PR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.11-2.40) and C-peptide (PR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.32-3.25) comparing highest to lowest quintiles. However, the association of gallbladder disease with undiagnosed diabetes was not diminished when the model included fasting insulin (PR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.24-2.77). In men, there was a statistically nonsignificant association with undiagnosed diabetes (PR = 2.11, 95% CI = 0.76-5.85), but no association of gallbladder disease with insulin or C-peptide. Among women higher fasting serum insulin levels increased the risk of gallbladder disease, but did not account for the increased risk in persons with diabetes.
The in-between world of knowledge brokering
Authors: Jonathan Lomas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

material.The written description of the interventions had 715 words.Our diagram (fig 3) shows immediately the cumulative nature of the experimental interventions.Although each intervention is complex, the comparison between successive interventions is relatively simple, each differing from the last by a single component.The year long interval between the control intervention and trial outcome also stands out, in contrast to the six month interval in the experimental arms. Advantages of using graphsGraphical depiction of an entire intervention allows its structure to be quickly understood.With the experimental and control interventions placed side by side on the diagram, differences between them-such as in the time elapsing between their delivery and the trial outcome-become obvious.We believe that the discipline of constructing a diagram will help at the design stage of a trial.By focusing attention on the components of the intervention, it prompts researchers to think through the structure, timing, and contents of each component in detail and to describe the components adequately.The exercise should help to ensure that the control intervention has been adequately considered and described and that the difference between the experimental arm and the control arm is appropriate for measuring the effect of the intervention.For the reader of the trial a graph will allow the details of an intervention to be quickly and easily grasped.Aspects that may be missed in a long verbal description stand out clearly, thus the differences between experimental and control interventions become obvious.The CONSORT trial flowchart has improved transparency and accurate reporting of the num-bers of participants at different stages of a study.We suggest that our proposed graphical method would similarly increase the clarity of reporting of complex intervention trials.We thank Paul Glasziou for helpful comments.
Tamoxifen as primary treatment of breast cancer in elderly or frail patients: a practical management.
Authors: S G Allan, A Rodger, J F Smyth, R C Leonard, U Chetty, A P Forrest
Journal: BMJ (1985)

described two cases of bacterial meningitis in sportsmen who took part in sporting activities within a week of symptoms suggesting influenza; one of the patients died.' Sutton et al described a 42 year old patient who died from heart failure after swimming.Coxsackie virus B4 was isolated from damaged myocardial tissue.5Inquiry about recent minor illness should be standard practice in athletes with unexplained loss of form.It may also be worth con- sidering a viral cause, as infections that are subclinical in the normal population may greatly affect maximum performance in athletes.Athletes with such infections might be tempted to increase their training load when a temporary reduction would be more appropriate.1 Sprunt TP, Evans FA.Mononuclear leukocytosis in reaction to acute infection.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2-ethyl 2-oxazoline)-conjugates with proteins and drugs: Suitable alternatives to PEG-conjugates?
Authors: Anna Mero, Gianfranco Pasut, Lisa Dalla Via, Martin W.M. Fijten, Ulrich S. Schubert, Richard Hoogenboom, Francesco M. Veronese
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Exercise Programme after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: P. Carson, M. Neophytou, H. Tucker, T. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Fifty-nine men with known coronary disease entered an exercise rehabilitation programme. Forty-nine had sustained recent myocardial infarctions, nine had had past myocardial infarcts, and one had had a recent internal mammary implant for severe angina. Each class lasted about 45 minutes and they were held twice weekly; the course for each patient was three months. Sixteen patients dropped out from the course, only three for reasons obviously medical. No deaths or cardiac arrests occurred during the programme. Extrasystoles and angina were detected in a minority of patients and did not constitute reasons for failure to complete the course. The main aim of the study was to show that such a programme is feasible in a district general hospital. Improvement in the morale of patients was impressive and the incidence of return to work high.
Weight-Loss Diets for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Martijn B. Katan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

No medical condition has generated as many dietary remedies as obesity. All diets have their followers, but hard data on the efficacy of the diets are scarce. In this issue of the Journal, Sacks et al.1 report the results of a large, long-term trial that tested the efficacy of weight-loss diets that were high or low in carbohydrates, protein, or fat. High-carbohydrate, low-fat diets became popular approximately 20 years ago, when it was thought that calories from carbohydrates were less fattening than the same number of calories from fat. A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet was popularized by Dr. Robert Atkins in . . .
Lysyl oxidase-like protein-2 regulates sprouting angiogenesis and type IV collagen assembly in the endothelial basement membrane
Authors: Marine Bignon, Cathy Pichol-Thievend, Julie Hardouin, Marilyne Malbouyres, Nicolas Bréchot, Luiz Nasciutti, Alain Barret, Jérémie Teillon, Emilie Guillon, Eric Etienne, Michel Caron, Raymonde Joubert-Caron, Catherine Monnot, Florence Ruggiero, Laurent Muller, Stéphane Germain
Journal: Blood (2011)
Westward Ho? — The Spread of West Nile Virus
Authors: Lyle R. Petersen, Edward B. Hayes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

West Nile virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, was first isolated from a febrile patient in the West Nile region of Uganda in 1937. For the next 60 years, it remained a little-understood cause of febrile illness and sporadic encephalitis in parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia, garnering scant medical attention. After its surprising detection in New York City in 1999, West Nile virus became a major clinical and public health concern in North America. The next year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with state and local health departments to establish ArboNet, an electronic surveillance system for tracking West . . .
ACUTE, SUBACUTE AND CHRONIC INFECTIOUS OSTEOMYELITIS;ITS PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT
Authors: EDWARD H. NICHOLS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

INTRODUCTION.  The object of this paper is to state the sequence of the changes which occur in the bones in infectious osteomyelitis; to emphasize the difference in the pathologic conditions which exist during the acute, subacute and chronic stages of the disease; and especially to suggest certain operations which are indicated by the pathologic conditions that exist during the different stages, and which generally are not appreciated. These operations, properly carried out, offer a very certain cure for conditions which, if allowed to persist, cause recurrent attacks of local infection or produce chronic and frequently incurable destruction of bone with permanent disability.  The statements made here are based almost entirely on personal work carried on for the past eight years. The work has included examination of pathologic material obtained from operations or necropsies on cases occurring at the Boston City Hospital and the Children's Hospital, experimental work at Harvard Medical
Editorial: Optic neuritis of obscure origin
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In recent issues of theArchives of Ophthalmologyand theArchives of Neurology, Kennerdell et al<sup>1</sup>and Hackett et al,<sup>2</sup>respectively, have reported cases in which what appeared initially to be optic neuritis was the premonitory symptom of a serious underlying disease. The patient described by Kennerdell and his colleagues was a 47-year-old woman who first complained of blurred vision in the right eye accompanied by pain on motion of the globe and deep retro-orbital discomfort. Her visual acuity in the affected eye was best corrected to 20/400, and the optic disc was hyperemic. Based on a presumptive diagnosis of optic neuritis, corticosteroid therapy was administered and led to dramatic visual improvement. Relapse followed within a month, but resumption of corticosteroid therapy again was effective. About a year later, visual acuity was again impaired, now bilaterally, and there was deep suborbital pain on the right. Skull roentgenograms and
First human breast milk bank opens in Africa
Authors: T. Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Brazil is sponsoring one of Africa’s first human breast milk banks to help the island of Cape Verde meet its millennium development goal on cutting the infant mortality rate.

The latest figures from the Ministry of Health show that the island’s infant mortality rate was 20.1 per 1000 in 2009, with 262 deaths in infants up to 11 months and 47 deaths in children between 1 and 4 years.

The milk bank, which was launched on 1 August in Agostinho Neto Hospital, in Praia, is the result of a technical and scientific cooperation agreement between the governments of Brazil and Cape Verde.

The hospital has facilities for collecting, pasteurising, and freezing the milk, which can be stored for …
Triplets Living at Forty-seven Years of Age.
Authors: John L. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1906)

To the Editor \p=m-\Anote in The Journal, July 14, in the de- partment of Miscellany, states that in using the potassium permanganate method of liberating formaldehyd gas the amounts used are 3% ounces of potassium permanganate and
Maternal Cigarette Smoking: Effect on Infant Birth Weight
Authors: Stuart M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  A Clinical Trial of Change in Maternal Smoking and its Effect on Birth Weight1advances the argument that it is indeed smoking during pregnancy that is responsible for the smokers giving birth to lighter babies and not the constitution of the smoker. Yerushalmy2had argued the converse, that the behavioral and constitutional differences between smokers and nonsmokers and not the exogenous effect of smoking per se had accounted for the observed birth-weight differential. However, this study demonstrates how difficult it is, as observed by Goldstein,3to nail the coffin closed on the ghost of Yerushalmy. Although we are not inclined to argue the Yerushalmy case, we do feel there are several ways that the analysis could be improved and the conclusions strengthened.  1. Although birth weight was greater among the treated group, the authors did not demonstrate that decreased smoking itself was responsible; the
Combined Increased and Decreased Skeletal Uptake of F-18 FDG
Authors: Elinor Goshen, Tima Davidson, Moshe Yeshurun, S Tzila Zwas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Increased uptake of F-18 FDG is the general mainstay of diagnosis, because it indicates hypermetabolic foci of pathology. This case, describing a patient with relapsing lymphoma, represents the diagnostic dilemmas of both locally decreased and diffusely increased uptake in the skeleton.
Tests for Urinary Tract Infection in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Manisha Juthani-Mehta, Ann Datunashvili, Mary Tinetti
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neutralization of Interleukin-18 Inhibits Neointimal Formation in a Rat Model of Vascular Injury
Authors: Pasquale Maffia, Gianluca Grassia, Paola Di Meglio, Rosa Carnuccio, Liberato Berrino, Paul Garside, Angela Ianaro, Armando Ialenti
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Studies in humans and animal models suggest that interleukin-18 (IL-18) plays a crucial role in vascular pathologies. IL-18 is a predictor of cardiovascular death in angina and is involved in atherotic plaque destabilization. Higher IL-18 plasma levels also are associated with restenosis after coronary artery angioplasty performed in patients with acute myocardial infarction. We investigated the effective role of IL-18 in neointimal formation in a balloon-induced rat model of vascular injury.Endothelial denudation of the left carotid artery was performed by use of a balloon embolectomy catheter. Increased expression of IL-18 and IL-18Ralpha/beta mRNA was detectable in carotid arteries from days 2 to 14 after angioplasty. The active form of IL-18 was highly expressed in injured arteries. Strong immunoreactivity for IL-18 was detected in the medial smooth muscle cells at days 2 and 7 after balloon injury and in proliferating/migrating smooth muscle cells in neointima at day 14. Moreover, serum concentrations of IL-18 were significantly higher among rats subjected to vascular injury. Treatment with neutralizing rabbit anti-rat IL-18 immunoglobulin G significantly reduced neointimal formation (by 27%; P < 0.01), reduced the number of proliferating cells, and inhibited interferon-gamma, IL-6, and IL-8 mRNA expression and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in injured arteries. In addition, in vitro data show that IL-18 affects smooth muscle cell proliferation.These results identify a critical role for IL-18 in neointimal formation in a rat model of vascular injury and suggest a potential role for IL-18 neutralization in the reduction of neointimal development.
Mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary edema. Interaction with previous lung alterations.
Authors: D Dreyfuss, P Soler, G Saumon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The risk of lung injury due to alveolar overdistension during mechanical ventilation has been clearly delineated in healthy animals with intact lungs. In contrast, the effect of high-volume ventilation (HV) on previously injured lungs is less well documented: whether HV would simply add its own deleterious effects or act synergistically with previous injury has not been addressed. We compared the effect of 7 ml/kg body weight tidal volume mechanical ventilation for 2 min with that of 25 (HV25), 33(HV33), and 45(HV45) ml/kg body weight HV in anesthetized rats previously exposed or not exposed to alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU). ANTU alone produced moderate permeability edema with significant increases in extravascular lung water (Qwl), dry lung weight (DLW), and albumin distribution space in lungs (ASp). HV alone resulted in a permeability edema in which severity was dependent on the magnitude of the tidal volume. The effects of HV25 and HV33 and those of ANTU were only additive, as indicated by the absence of any significant two-factor (ANTU-HV) interaction by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In contrast, HV45 after ANTU produced significantly greater increases in Qwl, DLW, and ASp than expected from the sum of the effects of either insult alone. Two-way ANOVA disclosed two-factor interactions with p values < 0.001, < 0.02, and < 0.01 for Qwl, DLW, and ASp, respectively, indicating synergistic adverse effects on pulmonary edema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Glomerular Hyperfiltration Indicates Early Target Organ Damage in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Roland E. Schmieder
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In 111 patients with essential hypertension (World Health Organization stage I or II), we examined the relationship between renal hemodynamics and left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular structure was determined by two-dimensional guided M-mode echocardiography, renal blood flow by iodine I 131 aminohippuric acid clearance, and glomerular filtration rate by creatinine clearance. The glomerular filtration rate correlated with left ventricular mass (r = .52) and left ventricular cross-sectional area (r = .21). Conversely, at a similar age, body mass index, body surface area, and arterial pressure, hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy disclosed a higher glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction than those without left ventricular hypertrophy, whereas renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance measurements were not significantly different. Thus, at similar levels of arterial pressure and renal blood flow, glomerular hyperfiltration was linked to early cardiac structural changes in essential hypertension. We conclude that, in a hypertensive patient with normal renal function, a high glomerular filtration rate may be an indicator for early target organ damage in essential hypertension.
Competition between collateral vessels
Authors: R. L. KEENAN, S. RODBARD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The number of collateral vessels that supplies a given vascular bed tends to decrease. We suggest that this results from effects of the hydrodynamic drag of the stream on the endothelium. A mathematical model forms the basis for the argument. Some implications of this thesis on the natural history of clinical arterial stenoses are discussed.
Alkaptonuria and Ochronosis
Authors: G. D. Kersley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

21 figs, 4 diagrams, English summary.Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej Acad& mie Vied, Bratislava.(19.50 kcs).This monograph, with an excellent summary in English, is based on a study of 102 cases, 54 males and 48 females, belonging to fifteen families.There is a discussion on theories of aetiology and the familial tendency, and on the difficulty in breaking down the benzene nucleus of Tyrosine and hence the formation of homogentistic acid.This is followed by an account of the clinical characteristics of the disease, ocular pigmenta- tion being the first sign, which was most commonly found between the third and fifth decades.The earliest joint symptoms in this series occurred at the age of 27 and the average age was 34.Changes in the spine with loss of the physiological curves, secondary degenerative changes, and actual loss of height, due to vertebral changes, were
Cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic characterization combined to postconsolidation minimal residual disease assessment by flow cytometry improves risk stratification in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Francesco Buccisano, Luca Maurillo, Alessandra Spagnoli, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Daniela Fraboni, Paola Panetta, Tiziana Ottone, Maria Irno Consalvo, Serena Lavorgna, Pietro Bulian, Emanuele Ammatuna, Daniela F. Angelini, Adamo Diamantini, Selenia Campagna, Licia Ottaviani, Chiara Sarlo, Valter Gattei, Giovanni Del Poeta, William Arcese, Sergio Amadori, Francesco Lo Coco, Adriano Venditti
Journal: Blood (2010)
Recurrent Pericardial Effusion after Nonpenetrating Chest Trauma
Authors: M. Jay Goodkind, William E. Bloomer, Allan V. N. Goodyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

CARDIAC tamponade after nonpenetrating trauma to the chest may be caused by hemorrhage immediately after the injury, or by constrictive pericarditis after a variable time.1 It has not been widely recognized that recurrent cardiac tamponade may also be caused by pericardial effusion several weeks or months after the original trauma.The present report is intended to delineate the characteristics of the syndrome of pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade after blunt chest trauma in 2 patients, to describe the use of steroids in the treatment of this disorder and to point out certain similarities of this disease to more familiar syndromes, . . .
Quest for long-term solutions for old problems.
Authors: W W Kellogg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Examples of repercussions from well-intentioned controls are cited in connection with lead in gasoline, sulfur in fuel, high industrial stacks, reduction of atmospheric particulates. The importance of tradeoffs is emphasized, and the current energy crisis cited as an example. The danger of overemphasis of past errors is that the drive for control may be weakened.
The International Ebola Emergency
Authors: Sylvie Briand, Eric Bertherat, Paul Cox, Pierre Formenty, Marie-Paule Kieny, Joel K. Myhre, Cathy Roth, Nahoko Shindo, Christopher Dye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Immediate priorities for control of the ongoing Ebola epidemic are early diagnosis, patient isolation, contact tracing, strict adherence to laboratory biosafety guidelines, barrier nursing procedures, use of personal protective equipment by clinicians, and safe burials.