tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 48-1975
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Robert S. Brown, Mark A. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Presentation of CaseA 41-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of acute renal failure.She was well until four weeks previously, when she had a flu-like illness, with fever and rhinitis but without a sore throat. One week later night sweats and urinary urgency developed. Three days before admission she had an acute onset of shaking chills, fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal discomfort, accompanied by low-back pain. On the next day she was admitted to another hospital. The temperature was 39°C, and the blood pressure 170/100 mm Hg. She was pale and in acute distress. A lower abdominal . . .
Red-Cell and Platelet Fragmentation in Idiopathic Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Dorothea Zucker-Franklin, Simon Karpatkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We investigated the abnormal small-particle spike discerned in the platelet-rich plasma of patients with severe idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. By electron microscopy, erythrocyte as well as platelet fragments were found in the 27,000 X g plasma sediment of 15 patients with severe disease. These fragments were not observed in the plasma sediment of 12 normal subjects, two healthy asplenic subjects, three patients with thrombocytopenia of nonimmunologic origin, and two with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in remission. Weak complement sensitization of red blood cells was noted in seven out of 12 patients with the disease. Coating of red blood cells with IgG or IgM was not detected in these patients. Whereas erythrophagocytosis was conspicuously absent, phagocytosis of intact platelets as well as platelet fragments and other cellular debris was frequently observed. Autoimmune mechanisms may be directed against erythrocytes as well as platelets in most cases of severe idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
Don't count on urinary white cells to diagnose childhood urinary tract infection
Authors: R K Kumar, G M Turner, M G Coulthard
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Because pyuria is common in febrile children,1 screening for urinary tract infection in children by detecting increased urinary white cells (with leucocyte esterase strips or standard microscopy) will produce false positive results. Because urinary white cells may disappear rapidly,2 such screening will also produce false negative results. We report on a child with a devastating urinary tract infection who had very few urinary white cells for another reason.

An extremely ill 8 month old boy presented after 36 …
Safety, effectiveness, and cost effectiveness of decision aids still unclear
Authors: S. Patel, S. W. Hee, H. Sandhu, Y. Yang, M. Underwood
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The use of decision aids to improve satisfaction with treatment and clinical outcomes is an attractive proposition. It is disappointing that Denig and colleagues failed to find any positive effects in their trial of a decision aid designed to improve the quality of consultation for people with diabetes.1

Our recent experience is also disappointing. In a pilot randomised trial we tested …
Outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma with progression of lymphoma after autologous stem cell transplantation in the rituximab era
Authors: Sarah J. Nagle, Kaitlin Woo, Stephen J. Schuster, Sunita D. Nasta, Edward Stadtmauer, Rosemarie Mick, Jakub Svoboda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains the current standard of care for patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with chemosensitive disease. The addition of rituximab results in improved overall survival (OS) after first-line treatment, but cure rates of salvage therapy with ASCT are inferior when compared to historical controls. Historically, patients with DLBCL with disease progression following ASCT have had an extremely poor prognosis with a median OS of 3 months. However, there are little data regarding outcomes in the rituximab era. We performed a retrospective study of 56 patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL with prior exposure to rituximab who had disease progression following ASCT. The median OS from progression following ASCT for the cohort was 9.9 months (95% CI: 5.3-13.1 months). Patients who progressed less than 1 year from ASCT had a significantly shorter OS than those who progressed at 1 year or greater from ASCT (8.2 vs. 26.7 months, P = 0.01). Patients with at least stable disease following ASCT had a longer OS than those who progressed immediately after ASCT (12.3 vs. 5.3 months, P = 0.01). Other factors associated with OS were International Prognostic Index (IPI) (P = 0.01) and LDH level (P = 0.0003) at the time of progression following ASCT. In the rituximab era, the prognosis for patients with disease progression following ASCT remains poor, but is improved when compared with historical controls. Ultimately, more work needs to be done to develop novel therapeutic strategies tailored to individual patients in this heterogeneous population.
Cigarette smoke combined with Toll-like receptor 3 signaling triggers exaggerated epithelial regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted/CCL5 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Moshe Yamin, Eric H. Holbrook, Stacey T. Gray, Rachel Harold, Nicolas Busaba, Avinash Sridhar, Katia J. Powell, Daniel L. Hamilos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Vascular Effects of Acute Hyperglycemia in Humans Are Reversed by <scp>l</scp> -Arginine
Authors: Dario Giugliano, Raffaele Marfella, Ludovico Coppola, Giovanni Verrazzo, Rita Acampora, Riccardo Giunta, Francesco Nappo, Carmela Lucarelli, Felice D’Onofrio
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Acute hyperglycemia may increase vascular tone in normal humans via a glutathione-sensitive, presumably free radical-mediated pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate whether or not the vascular effects of hyperglycemia are related to reduced availability of nitric oxide.Acute hyperglycemia (15 mmol/L, 270 mg/dL) was induced in 12 healthy subjects with an artificial pancreas. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, and plasma catecholamines showed significant increases (P < .05) starting after 30 minutes of hyperglycemia; leg blood flow decreased significantly (15%; P < .05) at 60 and 90 minutes. Platelet aggregation to ADP and blood viscosity also showed significant increments (P < .05). The infusion of L-arginine (n = 7, 1 g/min) but not D-arginine (n = 5, 1 g/min) or L-lysine (n = 5, 1 g/min) in the last 30 minutes of the hyperglycemic clamp completely reversed all hemodynamic and rheological changes brought about by hyperglycemia. Infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 2 mg/min) to inhibit endogenous nitric oxide synthesis in 8 normal subjects produced vascular effects qualitatively similar to those of hyperglycemia but quantitatively higher (P < .05); however, heart rate and plasma catecholamine levels decreased during L-NMMA infusion, presumably as a consequence of baroreflex activation. Infusion of L-NMMA during hyperglycemia produced changes not different from those obtained during infusion of L-NMMA alone.The results show that acute hyperglycemia in normal subjects causes significant hemodynamic and rheological changes that are reversed by L-arginine. Moreover, the effects of hyperglycemia are mimicked to a large extent, but not entirely, by infusion of L-NMMA. This suggests that hyperglycemia may reduce nitric oxide availability in humans.
Life-Span and Organ Sequestration of the Red Cells in Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Authors: David G. Nathan, Frank A. Oski, Denis R. Miller, Frank H. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

To define the role of the spleen in the hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, removal rates and patterns or organ sequestration of 51Cr-labeled PK erythrocytes were studied. Recipients were the PK patients themselves, normal subjects and persons splenectomized for diverse causes. In one study the 51Cr was attached to "young" and "old" populations of PK erythrocytes before their injection; in another the "young" population was differentially labeled with glycine-2–14C. The results show that the PK-deficient cell is heterogeneously affected by whatever mechanisms induce its destruction. Therefore, a population of "young" PK cells contains more seriously damaged cells than a population of older cells, the latter living to an older age because of their improved initial outlook. Younger cells, if they pass through the spleen, are subsequently destroyed in the liver. Removal of the spleen improves the survival of the younger cells, for they are then destroyed much more slowly in the liver. Splenectomy is indicated in the hemolytic anemia associated with pyruvate kinase deficiency.
Building bone to reverse osteoporosis and repair fractures
Authors: Sundeep Khosla, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Merry Jo Oursler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

An important, unfilled clinical need is the development of new approaches to improve fracture healing and to treat osteoporosis by increasing bone mass. Recombinant forms of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP7 are FDA approved to promote spinal fusion and fracture healing, respectively, and the first FDA-approved anabolic drug for osteoporosis, parathyroid hormone, increases bone mass when administered intermittently but can only be given to patients in the US for two years. As we discuss here, the tremendous explosion over the last two decades in our fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of bone remodeling has led to the prospect of mechanism-based anabolic therapies for bone disorders.
Approval of New Drugs in the United States
Authors: David A. Kessler
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In a study reported herein, the marketing approval dates of 214 drugs newly introduced into the world market from January 1990 through December 1994 were compared in 4 countries. The analysis reveals that the United States and the United Kingdom have similar patterns of drug availability, although the United States has a number of therapies with significant public health benefits that are not yet available in the United Kingdom. The findings also show that the United States outpaces both Germany and Japan in approving important new drugs. Various strategies adopted by the Food and Drug Administration to expedite its pharmaceutical review process, including the use of industry user fees, are described.
THE RETENTION OF FOREIGN PROTEIN BY THE KIDNEY
Authors: Richard M. Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

Extracts of the kidneys of normal rabbits prepared one, two, three, and four days after the intravenous injection of egg-albumin and horse serum have the power to sensitize guinea pigs to a second injection of these proteins. The sensitization by first and second day extracts was constant and intense, that by the third day extracts was less marked and sometimes was not evident, and that by the fourth day extracts was only occasional, and when present was always weak. Comparative studies of the power of the blood, liver, and kidney to sensitize, indicate that this sensitization depends on the content of foreign protein in the circulating blood and not upon its accumulation or fixation in the tissues of an organ. This opinion is supported by other experiments in which the sensitizing power of the blood and of the extracts of unwashed kidneys was compared with the sensitizing power of extracts of washed kidney. The weak sensitizing power of washed kidney extract is taken as evidence that foreign proteins of the kinds used are not held in the tissues of the kidney, and if these results may be applied to nephrotoxic proteins, it follows that nephritis is not due to selective and persisting fixation of a protein by the renal cells, but is due to the action of such protein merely during the process of its elimination. In experimental acute nephritis of the type due to uranium nitrate, the power of sensitization to egg-albumin is prolonged for twenty-four hours, and in the chrornate type for forty-eight hours, thus indicating that in nephritis, of the acute type at least, the elimination of a foreign protein is delayed. Attempts to study by the same methods the elimination of vegetable and bacterial proteins have failed.
Pathology Analysis Reveals That Dysplastic Pancreatic Ductal Lesions Are Frequent in Patients With Hereditary Pancreatitis
Authors: Vinciane Rebours, Philippe Lévy, Jean–François Mosnier, Jean–Yves Scoazec, Marie–Sophie Soubeyrand, Jean–François Fléjou, Bruno Turlin, Pascal Hammel, Philippe Ruszniewski, Pierre Bedossa, Anne Couvelard
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Health-Care Technology: A Small Office vs. a Big Problem
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The newest prop in the federal government's leaking levees against rising health-care costs is the National Center for Health Care Technology, voted in by Congress 14 months ago to assess what works and what doesn't in medical care.The purpose is sensible; the Center is directed by a highly regarded veteran of medical research and administration, Seymour Perry, M.D., and it is, of course, too early to pass judgment on the Center's performance, since it has barely completed setting up shop on the Bethesda, Md., campus of the National Institutes of Health.With all that understood, I think it is . . .
MicroRNAs as Potential Signatures of Environmental Exposure or Effect: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karen Vrijens, Valentina Bollati, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Background: The exposome encompasses all life-course environmental exposures from the prenatal period onward that influence health. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are interesting entities within this concept as markers and causation of disease. MicroRNAs are short oligonucleotide sequences that can interact with several mRNA targets.Objectives: We reviewed the current state of the field on the potential of using miRNAs as biomarkers for environmental exposure. We investigated miRNA signatures in response to all types of environmental exposure to which a human can be exposed, including cigarette smoke, air pollution, nanoparticles, and diverse chemicals; and we examined the health conditions for which the identified miRNAs have been reported (i.e., cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes).Methods: We searched the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases to identify relevant studies.Results: For all exposures incorporated in this review, 27 miRNAs were differentially expressed in at least two independent studies. miRNAs that had expression alterations associated with smoking observed in multiple studies are miR-21, miR-34b, miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-223, and miR-340; and those miRNAs that were observed in multiple air pollution studies are miR-9, miR-10b, miR-21, miR-128, miR-143, miR-155, miR-222, miR-223, and miR-338. We found little overlap among in vitro, in vivo, and human studies between miRNAs and exposure. Here, we report on disease associations for those miRNAs identified in multiple studies on exposure.Conclusions: miRNA changes may be sensitive indicators of the effects of acute and chronic environmental exposure. Therefore, miRNAs are valuable novel biomarkers for exposure. Further studies should elucidate the role of the mediation effect of miRNA between exposures and effect through all stages of life to provide a more accurate assessment of the consequences of miRNA changes.Citation: Vrijens K, Bollati V, Nawrot TS. 2015. MicroRNAs as potential signatures of environmental exposure or effect: a systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 123:399–411; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408459
Philip James Keep
Authors: M. Keep
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Consultant anaesthetist Norfolk and Norwich Hospital 1975-2002 (b 1942; q University College Hospital, London, 1966; FFARCS), died from renal cancer on 21 February 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Philip was the medical director of the intensive care unit at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital for 15 years. When he arrived he discovered that the newly built unit had been constructed without windows and he began a campaign—later taken up nationally—to prevent the construction of further windowless units. Believing that the public was being given too little information about the practicalities of organ donation, he campaigned for many years for a more open approach. He wrote one novel, Cut Short. He leaves a wife, Madeleine; two sons; and a grandson.
P1-004: Role of cytology accompanied by the study of the occurrence of p16INK4a and O6-methylguanine-DNA transferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in the cells of the pleural cavity washings fluid in early diagnostics of non-microcellular lung caner (NSCLC) metastatic changes into pleura
Authors: Grzegorz Kaczmarczyk, Jerzy Kozielski, Roman Lewandowski, Wojciech Rokicki, Marek Rokicki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
The Hot Sand-Bath
Authors: None Conrade
Journal: BMJ (1872)

cannot be surprised that some of its vessels are left unplugged or im- perfectly constricted by its muscular fibres: then, if we look at the fre- quency with which we can trace pathological processes in the placenta, we need not wonder that the muscular fibre which has been developed f'ari passu with the placenta should itself be imperfect and irregular,
SOME REMARKS ON TOTAL EXTIRPATION OF THE FIBROID UTERUS: ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.A paper read before the Ohio State Medical Society, Zanesville, May 16, 17,18, 1894.
Authors: RUFUS B. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The subject of fibroid tumor of the uterus is too broad to be considered in all its aspects, in the time allotted, before this Society. I have therefore thought it advisable to speak of but two phases of the subject: 1, what cases require operation; 2, methods of operating. Clinical experience demonstrates that only a small percentage of those suffering from fibroids require operative interference for relief. This is so well known that the profession at large have come to regard them as purely innocent growths. This is true in the majority of cases. My experience, based upon more than two hundred carefully recorded cases, justifies me in saying that the majority of women from thirty-six to forty-five years of age suffering from fibroid tumors, do not require operative interference; but this fact increases our responsibility in determining early the cases really requiring operation. A great many women who are
GRANULATION TISSUE AS A CONTRACTILE ORGAN
Authors: G. Gabbiani, B. J. Hirschel, G. B. Ryan, P. R. Statkov, G. Majno
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

CONTRACTING GRANULATION TISSUES CONTAIN FIBROBLASTS THAT DEVELOP CHARACTERISTICS TYPICAL OF SMOOTH MUSCLE: (a) They contain an extensive cytoplasmic fibrillar system. (b) They show immunofluorescent labeling of their cytoplasm with human anti-smooth muscle serum. (c) The nuclei show complicated folds and indentations, indicative of cellular contraction. (d) There are cell-to-cell and cell-to-stroma attachments. (e) It is possible to extract similar quantities of actomyosin (having the same adenosine triphosphatase activity) from granulation tissue and from pregnant rat uterus. (f) Strips of granulation tissue, when tested pharmacologically in vitro, behave similarly to smooth muscle. All these data support the view that, under certain conditions, fibroblasts can differentiate into a cell type structurally and functionally similar to smooth muscle and that this cell, the "myo-fibroblast," plays an important role in connective tissue contraction.
Smoking, Surgery, and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Women
Authors: Siân Sweetland, Lianne Parkin, Angela Balkwill, Jane Green, Gillian Reeves, Valerie Beral
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Evidence about the effect of smoking on venous thromboembolism risk, generally and in the postoperative period, is limited and inconsistent. We examined the incidence of venous thromboembolism in relation to smoking habits, both in the absence of surgery and in the first 12 postoperative weeks, in a large prospective study of women in the United Kingdom.During 6 years' follow-up of 1 162 718 women (mean age 56 years), 4630 were admitted to hospital for or died of venous thromboembolism. In the absence of surgery, current smokers had a significantly increased incidence of venous thromboembolism compared with never-smokers (adjusted relative risk 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.28-1.48), with significantly greater risks in heavier than lighter smokers (relative risks 1.47 [95% confidence interval 1.34-1.62] and 1.29 [95% confidence interval 1.17-1.42] for ≥15 versus <15 cigarettes per day). Current smokers were also more likely to have surgery than never-smokers (relative risk 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.13). Among women who had surgery, the incidence of venous thromboembolism in the first 12 postoperative weeks was significantly greater in current than never-smokers (relative risk 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.30).Venous thromboembolism incidence was increased in current smokers, both in the absence of surgery and in the 12 weeks after surgery. Smoking is another factor to consider in the assessment of venous thromboembolism risk in patients undergoing surgery.
Michael Edwin Rope
Authors: M J Oldroyd
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former general practitioner Rickmansworth (b Shrewsbury 1925; q Middlesex Hospital 1952), died from a brain haemorrhage on 29 August 2002.

Mike Rope came to Rickmansworth in 1953 and stayed as a partner until retirement in 1985. He then began a second career—in medicopolitics—and became coordinator for general practice in Kensington, Chelsea, and Westminster. He was elected to the General Medical Services Committee as a North West Thames representative and was the inaugural full time medical secretary when the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire local medical committees set up a joint office. In the last decade he had four major operations but shrugged these off and continued to work as an adviser for the Medical Defence Union. He leaves a wife, Gwynneth; three children; and three grandchildren.
Successful treatment with fluconazole of protothecosis developing at the site of an intralesional corticosteroid injection
Authors: S.-T. KIM, K.-S. SUH, Y.-S. CHAE, Y.-J. KIM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a case of cutaneous protothecosis treated successfully with oral fluconazole. Fluconazole appears to be an effective alternative to conventional drugs for the treatment of cutaneous protothecosis. Cutaneous protothecosis is an uncommon infection due to achlorophyllic, saprophytic, algae-like unicellular organisms of the genus Prototheca that occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. To date there is no standard treatment regimen. Surgical excision, oral ketoconazole, intravenous amphotericin B alone or in combination with oral tetracycline have been reported to be effective in the management of protothecosis. We report a 55-year-old immunocompetent woman with cutaneous protothecosis which developed at the site of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, who was successfully treated with oral fluconazole.
Interleukin 23 is critical in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathy and acts on a novel population of interleukin 23R+ entheseal resident cells
Authors: Jonathan P Sherlock, Barbara Joyce-Shaikh, Scott Turner, Manjiri Sathe, Jeff Grein, Daniel M Gorman, Edward P Bowman, Terrill K McClanahan, Jennifer Yearley, Christopher D Buckley, Robert A Kastelein, Robert H Pierce, Drake LaFace, Daniel J Cua
Journal: The Lancet (2013)