tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol Crystals Associate With Coronary Plaque Vulnerability In Vivo
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Rishi Puri, Muhammad Hammadah, Bhanu Duggal, Kiyoko Uno, Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen, Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Joint National Committee VII and European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for Evaluating and Treating Hypertension
Authors: Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

During the first half of the past year, guidelines for hypertension management issued by the Joint National Committee (JNC VII) and by the European Society of Hypertension in conjunction to the European Society of Cardiology (ESH/ESC) have been published in major scientific journals. This article reviews the main features and elements of novelty of these authoritative recommendations. It also highlights the major agreements and disagreements between the two sets of guidelines and their implications for daily clinical practice.
Hyperaggregation of platelets in intestinal tuberculosis: Role of platelets in chronic inflammation
Authors: Ravindra Sarode, Deepak Bhasin, Neelam Marwaha, Pallab Roy, Kartar Singh, D. Panigrahi, Gurjeevan Garewal, S. K. Mehta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Eighty-eight percent (38/43) patients of intestinal tuberculosis showed significant hyperaggregation of platelets (P < 0.001). Serum and plasma from 15 patients when incubated with normal platelets caused hyperaggregation. Gel filtered platelets from 2 patients suspended in normal plasma showed hyperaggregation of platelets with arachidonic acid. Tubercular protein had no effect on platelet aggregation. A role of hyperactive platelets in chronic inflammatory response is discussed.
Live, Attenuated Measles Virus Vaccine
Authors: Ronald F. Dorfman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

REGIONAL lymphadenopathy following the administration of live, attenuated measles virus vaccine occasionally occurs. Since the adenopathy may be noted anytime from a few days up to nearly two weeks after vaccine administration, the two events may not be causally related, particularly when the vaccine is administered by one physician and the lymphadenopathy observed by another. Of the five US manufacturers of live, attenuated measles virus vaccine, two recommend the upper arm as the injection site, two suggest the upper arm or the upper-outer quadrant of the buttock, and one does not specify a preferred site. If regional lymphadenopathy follows vaccine injection in the buttock, the physician or surgeon may be confronted with the differential diagnostic problem of an inguinal mass. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 11-month-old Negro girl was admitted to the St. Louis Children's Hospital on March 8, 1966. One day prior to admittance, the infant was noted to
A rare case of a pancreatic mass due to accessory spleen; when EUS-FNA is not enough
Authors: E. Toussaint, P. Flamen, P. Demetter, C. Matos, M. Van Gossum, M. Delhaye, J. Closset, P. Loi, J. Deviere, M. Arvanitakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

A 56-year-old man was referred with asymptomatic elevation of pancreatic hydrolase levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) delineated a pancreatic lesion with a low T1 and high T2 signal ([Fig. 1]).
Coronary Stents — Have They Fulfilled Their Promise?
Authors: Alice K. Jacobs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Since the introduction of coronary stents into clinical practice in the early 1990s, the number of stent implantations has increased so rapidly that stents are currently used in 60 to 70 percent of all percutaneous interventional procedures.1 Although stent implantation was initially limited to large vessels (≥3.0 mm in diameter) that had proximal, discrete lesions, improvements in stent design and technique now allow their deployment in vessels that are smaller and diffusely diseased, vessels with lesions at bifurcations, and vessels with thrombus in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This rapid growth in the use of stents has been attributed in . . .
Interferons modulate the expression of hormone receptors on the surface of murine melanoma cells.
Authors: K Kameyama, S Tanaka, Y Ishida, V J Hearing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The effects of IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, and IFN-gamma on the differentiation of murine melanoma cells has been studied, in the presence and absence of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH); the cells were highly responsive to treatment with MSH, which increased the rate of melanin production 25-fold and tyrosinase activity 6-fold within 4 d. Treatment of melanoma cells with IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, or IFN-gamma alone had no stimulatory effect on melanin production, but when the cells were cultured with IFN in the presence of MSH, pigment production was significantly and synergistically increased relative to cells cultured with MSH only. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that levels of tyrosinase in the cells were not affected by MSH or by IFN, which suggests that stimulation of melanogenic activity occurred by activation of a preexisting cellular enzyme. Scatchard analyses showed that the number of MSH receptors on IFN-treated cells was significantly increased (approximately 2.5-fold) relative to untreated cells (approximately 61,000/cell). These findings demonstrate that IFN stimulate differentiation (that is, pigmentation) of melanocytes by increasing the expression of surface MSH receptors; this in turn suggests that such a mechanism may in part be responsible for postinflammatory skin pigmentation, and provides an additional basis for action in the clinical responses of melanoma to IFN treatment.
Lower airway responses to influenza A virus in healthy allergic and nonallergic subjects.
Authors: D P Skoner, W J Doyle, J Seroky, P Fireman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Acute asthma is considered a complication of respiratory viral infections. This investigation assessed the effects of influenza A virus infection on both the patency and responsiveness of the lower airways. Subjects with allergic rhinitis (AR; n = 21) and without AR (non-AR; n = 25) were intranasally inoculated with influenza A virus and monitored for 8 d in a cloistered environment for changes in symptoms, signs, and airway physiology (pulmonary function, bronchial methacholine provocation). All subjects were infected after inoculation. Significant increases in nasal symptoms and secretion weights were observed, with peak effects on Days 3 and 4. Cough was a relatively minor symptom, and none of the subjects developed wheezing. Likewise, there were no significant changes in the measured functions of the lower airways. No effects on allergy status were observed. Under these experimental conditions, influenza A virus infection did not produce detectable alterations in lower airway function in health AR and non-AR subjects.
Abstract 3186: Transplacental arsenic exposure modifies the number of hair follicle keratinocytes stem cells and alters their cell-cycle control
Authors: Paula L. Miliani de Marval, Sun Hye Kim, Marcelo L. Rodriguez-Puebla
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Drinking water contamination with arsenic is a worldwide problem and a concern in some areas of the United States, especially in the West (California, Nevada, Alaska and Utah) and small areas of New England. Inorganic arsenic is considered a human carcinogen with many target tissues such as the skin, urinary bladder and lung; and characterizing its mechanisms of action is key to designing methods of intervention. Arsenic has transplacental carcinogenic activity, and since their fetal abundance, stem cells (SCs) seem to be a main target of arsenic exposure during gestation. We have established that fetal arsenic exposure via the maternal drinking water, leads to a decrease number of keratinocyte's stem cells (KSC) in mouse epidermis of the offspring. Biochemical analysis of these KSCs shows increased mRNA levels of the cell-cycle regulators cyclin D1 and CDK4. Supporting this observation, overexpression of CDK4 in KSCs mimics arsenic exposure as demonstrated by the reduced number of KSCs, and the decreased number of benign skin tumors, and severe rise in the rate of malignant conversion to squamus cell carcinomas. We expect that these studies will enable to determine the consequence of in utero arsenic exposure on the proliferative potential of KSCs and the impact on the selection of KSCs that give origin to skin tumors with high risk of malignant conversion. Therefore, these studies will contribute to understanding how early alterations of somatic stem cells results in functional changes that impact a late stage of tumorigenesis such as malignant progression. Citation Format: Paula L. Miliani de Marval, Sun Hye Kim, Marcelo L. Rodriguez-Puebla. Transplacental arsenic exposure modifies the number of hair follicle keratinocytes stem cells and alters their cell-cycle control. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3186. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3186
Welcome to our feast of fools
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Medieval Christianity understood the debt that goodness, faith, and sweetness owe to their opposites, explained Alain de Botton in an article in Harper’s Magazine earlier this year.

> “For most of the year it preached solemnity, order, restraint, fellowship, earnestness, a love of God, and sexual decorum—and then, at New Year’s, it unleashed the festum fatuorum, the feast of fools, and for several days the world was upside down. Clergy played dice on the altar, brayed like donkeys instead of saying ‘Amen,’ had drinking competitions in the nave, farted to the Ave Maria, and delivered spoof sermons based on parodies of the Gospels.... After drinking tankards of ale, they held their holy books upside down, burned excrement instead of incense, and urinated out of bell towers. They tried to marry donkeys, tied giant woolen penises to their vestments, and held boozy orgies …
DOES GRAY-ZONE LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT ENRICH THE PREDICTION OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIA? A CARDIOVASCULAR MRI STUDY
Authors: Asghar Fakhri, Harish Manyam, Mohammad Rana, Sourabh Prabhakar, Ronald Williams, William Belden, John Chenarides, Kenneth Judson, Christopher Bonnet, Robert Biederman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Arsenic and cancer
Authors: Susan Evans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Arsenic and cancer Get access Susan Evans Susan Evans Department of Dermatology, University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue s15, 1 December 1977, Pages 13–14, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14294.x Published: 01 December 1977
Compelled Medical Treatment of Pregnant Women
Authors: Stephen E. Whitney
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was profoundly distressed with the ethical reasoning expressed in Nelson and Milliken's article.<sup>1</sup>The authors correctly state that the issues of fetal rights, legal and ethical, are hotly debated. It is understandable that physicians would seek the help of the courts to judge what is the just course of action when a fetus' health or life is jeopardized by its mother's behavior. The authors' contention that to seek a court ruling on life and death issues is unethical because it invades the mother's privacy is a gross distortion of ethical reasoning. Any issue brought to judicial review, whether criminal or civil, involves a discovery process that invades one's privacy. Certainly the mother might be psychologically ill-disposed to defend her choices while pregnant, but the psychological states of a person standing trial in a criminal action or of the parties in a contested divorce are no
Treatment of port wine stains with pulsed dye laser and topical timolol: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: T. Passeron, A. Maza, E. Fontas, G. Toubel, P. Vabres, C. Livideanu, J.-M. Mazer, B. Rossi, F. Boukari, Y. Harmelin, I. Dreyfus, J. Mazereeuw-Hautier, J.-P. Lacour
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Neoangiogenesis occurs within days following laser treatment of port wine stains (PWS), and plays a central role in treatment failures. Topical use of timolol can significantly reduce the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro, and in animal models.The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of topical timolol in combination with pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment, compared with PDL alone, for treating PWS.This was a prospective multicenter controlled trial performed in children with PWS of the face who had not previously received laser treatment. After randomization, one group was treated with PDL alone, and the other with PDL followed by twice daily applications of timolol gel. Three laser sessions were performed at 1-month intervals with fixed parameters. The evaluation was performed on standardized pictures by two independent physicians blinded to the treatment received. The primary endpoint was marked or complete improvement of the PWS [Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) 3 or 4] 1 month after the third session.Twenty-two children were included. Two patients were lost to follow-up. There was no difference in the success rate between the two groups (IGA 3 or 4 observed in one of 10 patients and two of 12 patients, for PDL alone, and for PDL associated with topical timolol, respectively; P = 1·0). No side-effect related to the application of topical timolol was observed.The addition of timolol gel for preventing neoangiogenesis failed to significantly improve the efficacy of PDL treatment of PWS.
Copper Intoxication
Authors: Neil A. Holtzman, Donald A. Elliott, Richard H. Heller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

SIGNS attributed to copper intoxication have been reported after ingestion of beverages from contaminated pipes and vessels,1 2 3 inhalation of metal dust4 , 5 and accidental, suicidal or homicidal ingestion of copper-containing solutions.6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The prompt emetic effect of copper limits its toxicity if taken orally in most instances. The amount of copper present in several hematinics currently available is overshadowed by their iron concentration, which causes toxicity when these preparations are taken in excessive amounts.13 Copper salts have also been used therapeutically because of their astringent and antiseptic properties. Moeschlin4 describes a death that followed irrigation of a tuberculous fistula with a copper . . .
United States and Germany are keen to see tobacco agreement watered down
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Fears are growing among antitobacco campaigners that the European Union may bow to pressure from the United States and Germany and water down the World Health Organization's framework convention on tobacco control, which is due to be adopted in Geneva later this month.

A draft text that was being examined by senior EU officials this week indicates that the EU would be prepared to accept reservations to the convention if any potential signatories press for the reopening at the Geneva meeting of negotiation of its contents.

The United States, which dislikes the convention and has …
Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review
Authors: G Ruiz-Irastorza, M Ramos-Casals, P Brito-Zeron, M A Khamashta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Background: Antimalarial drugs (AMs), chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are frequently withdrawn in patients with lupus with either severe or remitting disease. However, additional effects beyond immunomodulation have been recently described. The aim of the present work was to analyse all the published evidence of the beneficial and adverse effects of AM therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A systematic review of the English literature between 1982 and 2007 was conducted using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were selected. Case reports were excluded except for toxicity reports. The GRADE system was used to analyse the quality of the evidence. Results: A total of 95 articles were included in the systematic review. High levels of evidence were found that AMs prevent lupus flares and increase long-term survival of patients with SLE; moderate evidence of protection against irreversible organ damage, thrombosis and bone mass loss. Toxicity related to AMs is infrequent, mild and usually reversible, with HCQ having a safer profile. In pregnant women, high levels of evidence were found that AMs, particularly HCQ, decrease lupus activity without harming the baby. By contrast, evidence supporting an effect on severe lupus activity, lipid levels and subclinical atherosclerosis was weak. Individual papers suggest effects in preventing the evolution from SLE-like to full-blown SLE, influencing vitamin D levels and protecting patients with lupus against cancer. Conclusions: Given the broad spectrum of beneficial effects and the safety profile, HCQ should be given to most patients with SLE during the whole course of the disease, irrespective of its severity, and be continued during pregnancy.
Living Blood Cells and Their Ultrastructure
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This magnificent encyclopedic text of hematological morphology will be a classic for years to come, both as an atlas of 751 superb illustrations and an equally detailed, lucidly written text. The purpose of the book is quite succinctly stated in the preface, namely, to show the three-dimensional aspects and ultrastructure of the hematological cells so that their physiology and pathology can be understood in context. There is no doubt that the book achieves its purpose. A review cannot begin to do justice to the high quality of the illustrations both from the photomicrographic and technical points. Illustrations include the conventional and special optics, special stains, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and all of the recent techniques, including freeze etching and time-lapse photography. The textual material is also extremely detailed and complete, with more than 5,000 references. Nevertheless, the text is not dull but written in lucid prose that conveys the
The Myth of Social Drinking
Authors: MAX HAYMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

The author casts doubt on three well-accepted myths: that social drinking is a definable entity, that it is not harmful, and that it is helpful. While he notes that there is no definitive proof that social drinking is either harmful or helpful, the flimsiness of the evidence in its favor should act as a spur to further investigation. He calls for a comprehensive, objective study similar to the Surgeon General's report on smoking.
UN intensifies relief efforts as Somali famine is predicted to spread
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

United Nations aid agencies have intensified relief efforts to help millions of people at risk in drought and conflict ravaged Somalia, amid fears that all areas of the south of the country could slip into famine.

“The deterioration is considered likely given the very high levels of both severe and acute malnutrition and under-5 mortality,” warned the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in a report on 29 July.

On 20 July the UN declared famine in the lower Shabelle and Bakool regions of southern Somalia, after new data showed rapidly rising rates of acute malnutrition and death.

OCHA’s report to donors on the aid needed for the drought in the Horn of Africa warns: “Eight other regions of southern Somalia …
THU0047 Baff and B2m, but not Free Light Chains, Correlate with Disease Activity in Primary SjÖGren's Syndrome (PSS)
Authors: K. James, S.J. Cockell, C.S. Gillespie, L. Assi, S. Bowman, B. Griffiths, W.-F. Ng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Both kappa and lambda free light chain (FLC) levels appear to be elevated the serum of patients with pSS, in comparison to healthy controls [1,2]. Consequently, FLCs may represent potential biomarkers for disease activity in pSS. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the relationship between kappa and lambda serum levels and disease activity in the UK primary Sjögren9s syndrome registry (UKPSSR), a cohort of clinically well-characterised patients and healthy controls [3]. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum samples for 599 pSS patient and 287 healthy controls were tested using the Freelite (kappa and lambda), BAFF, and B2M assays, and using Combylite, a new assay of both kappa and lambda chains in a single test. Additional subjective and objective clinical data, including ESSDAI, ESSPRI and immunological markers, were retrieved from the UKPSSR database [3]. Comparison of baseline patient and controls FLC levels was by ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for patient characteristics and serum levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for ESSDAI. All statistical analyses were performed in R [4]. <h3>Results</h3> Both the kappa and lambda FLC levels, and the Combylite combined FLC level, were significantly higher in pSS patients in comparison with the healthy controls. Of the 599 patients, 339 (57%) had abnormal FLC levels (high kappa, high lambda or abnormal kappa:lambda ratio). The three FLC levels were all significantly correlated with one another. In addition the FLC levels correlated significantly with a number of clinical factors, including B2M, IgG and average Schirmer9s but not with BAFF levels, age or disease duration. The kappa free light chain levels had higher correlations with clinical data than the lambda in the majority of cases, with the combined Combylite scores falling between the two in most cases. Multivariate analysis indicated that BAFF and B2M are independent predictors of ESSDAI score, while FLC levels are not. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The combined Combylite assay produces a FLC measurement that is comparable with the separate kappa and lambda assays. Serum FLC levels are increased in patients with pSS in comparison with healthy controls and correlate with several clinical factors. However, multivariate analysis indicates that BAFF and B2M, but not FLC levels, are predictors of disease activity. <h3>References</h3> Gottenberg JE, Seror R, Miceli-Richard C, et al. PLoS One 2013; 8(5): e59868. Gottenberg JE, Aucouturier F, Goetz J, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66(1): 23-7. Ng WF, Bowman SJ, Griffiths B, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50(1): 32-9. R Core Team, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2013 http://www.R-project.org <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> : None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4986
Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: H. J. Wade
Journal: BMJ (1936)

Effective therapy for the individual MG patient rests on balancing the risks and benefits of a wide range of therapeutic options. These risks not only include the dangers of severe weakness, limitations on employment, and complications of treatment but access to medications based on insurance company policies or government-set limitations. The typical patient who does not respond to cholinesterase inhibitor treatment will require prednisone and, if poorly responsive or with significant adverse effects, will need immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine, tacrolimus, or mycophenolate. The treatment-resistant patient who fails corticosteroids and an immunosuppressive may benefit from a switch to another immunosuppressive or eculizumab. Despite the increasing number of excellently performed clinical trials, practice remains compromised by a limited evidence base, but the development of national guidelines for treatment has the promise of guiding clinicians not familiar with this rare disease to care for patients in a logical manner.