tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Why Do Eating Disorder Patients Drop Out?
Authors: David N. Clinton
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

<i>Background:</i> Dropout from psychotherapy is an important problem that has received little systematic attention. Although previous research suggests that the number of patients who drop out is considerable, it is not clear why they drop out or what might be done to limit the problem. The present study attempted to examine the role of the patient-therapist relationship as well as other variables for dropout among eating disorder patients. <i>Methods:</i> Eating disorder patients and their therapists were assessed on a measure of treatment expectations previously developed by the author: the former were also assessed on measures of psychiatric symptoms (Crown-Crisp Experiential Index) and eating disorder psychopathology (Eating Disorder Inventory), as well as relevant background and treatment variables. Patients were divided into those who had completed their course of treatment, and those who dropped out during assessment or treatment. <i>Results:</i> Lack of congruence between patients' and therapists' expectations of potential treatment interventions was associated with increased risk of dropout, whereas other patient-, therapist-and treatment-specific factors were not. In particular, dropouts had significantly greater expectations of being helped by insight-related interventions than their therapists. <i>Conclusions:</i> Dropout among eating disorder patients appears to be related to the patient-therapist relationship. It may be important for therapists to openly discuss patient expectations of treatment from the outset, and focus on particular areas of discrepancy to limit potential dropout.
Systemic bioavailability of inhaled steroids: the importance of appropriate and comparable methodology
Authors: H. Derendorf, P.T. Daley-Yates, L.N. Pierre, J. Efthimiou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

To the Editors: 

Recently, the systemic bioavailability of mometasone furoate (MF) via the TwisthalerTM (Schering Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) has been reported to be <1% in healthy subjects 1. This unusual result, however, was based on a study with sparse data, a low dose ( i.e . 400 µg) and a relatively insensitive assay (lower limit of detection of 50 pg·mL−1). Plasma concentrations were said to be undetectable in 10 of the 24 subjects in whom this assay was used.

The absolute systemic bioavailability for an inhaled drug is calculated by comparing the area under the plasma concentration-time curve for inhaled dosing, with that obtained following intravenous dosing. To obtain a reliable estimate, the administered doses need to be large enough to produce measurable plasma concentrations. Therefore, an estimate of the true systemic bioavailability of MF cannot reliably be made based on incomplete data and an insensitive assay, and certainly not compared with …
Lethal Complications of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: P. Beighton
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Death from arterial bleeding or gastrointestinal perforation has previously been reported in more than 15 patients with the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. On a basis of 100 personally examined patients and a review of published accounts, these events seem particularly likely to occur in two distinct and recognizable forms (the gravis and the ecchymotic forms) of the syndrome.
Pre-Procedural Estimate of Individualized Bleeding Risk Impacts Physicians' Utilization of Bivalirudin During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Seshu C. Rao, Adnan K. Chhatriwalla, Kevin F. Kennedy, Carole J. Decker, Elizabeth Gialde, John A. Spertus, Steven P. Marso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
An increase in afterload augments ventricular relaxation rate in isolated perfused canine hearts
Authors: M. HORI, M. INOUE, M. FUKUNAMI, M. KITAKAZE, Y. ISHIDA, K. TSUJIOKA, S. NAKAJIMA, A. KITABATAKE, H. ABE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article An increase in afterload augments ventricular relaxation rate in isolated perfused canine hearts Get access MASATSUGU HORI, MASATSUGU HORI From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MICHITOSHI INOUE, MICHITOSHI INOUE From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASATAKE FUKUNAMI, MASATAKE FUKUNAMI † From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan †Present addresses: Department of Heart Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital, Osaka Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASAFUMI KITAKAZE, MASAFUMI KITAKAZE From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar YOSHIO ISHIDA, YOSHIO ISHIDA From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KATSUHIKO TSUJIOKA, KATSUHIKO TSUJIOKA From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SHIGERU NAKAJIMA, SHIGERU NAKAJIMA From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar AKIRA KITABATAKE, AKIRA KITABATAKE From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HIROSHI ABE HIROSHI ABE From the First Department of Medicine, Osaka University, School of Medicine, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 10, October 1985, Pages 649–654, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.10.649 Published: 01 October 1985
Restoration of Stored Bank Blood to Biochemical Normalcy
Authors: Jerome L. Sandler
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ACID-CITRATE-DEXTROSE (ACD) solution is the most widely used anticoagulant and preservative of blood stored for transfusion. However, blood stored in ACD solution undergoes undesirable biochemical alterations. The ACD solution immediately increases the plasma citrate concentration and lowers the pH of the blood to 6.8. During storage there is an increase in blood ammonium, plasma potassium, plasma hemoglobin, phosphate, lactate, and pyruvate, and a further reduction of the pH to approximately 6.5 by the end of the second week of storage. Because large amounts of blood with abnormal electrolyte concentrations may be hazardous to recipients, we have attempted to restore this blood to approximate biochemical normalcy. This has been accomplished by passing the blood over a combination of anion and cation exchange resins in a single column (monobed). Removal of Accumulated Cations The deleterious effects of administration of blood with excess ammonium and potassium are well known. Elevated ammonium concentrations may
Disaster, Water, Cholera, Vaccines, and Hope
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Mark S. Klempner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The world is now all too familiar with images of the destruction caused by the tsunami that struck Southeast Asia on December 26 of last year. In a natural disaster, there are three stages of injury: injury or death when the disaster strikes, survival of the immediate threat but death from injuries induced by the event, and illness and death due to diseases that arise from the destruction of the public health infrastructure. Now, two months after the tsunami, and after the recorded deaths of more than 150,000 people, the world is poised to see whether the third stage will . . .
Circulating thrombomodulin in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Masaharu Hanano, Ken Wada, Wataru Tatewaki, Hiroe Niwano, Akira Shibata, Jiro Tsubouchi, Masahiko Nakano, Tadao Nakamura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Endothelial cell injury is thought to be one of the causative factors in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). A novel index of endothelial injury, plasma thrombomodulin, was measured in 13 patients with acute TTP. The mean plasma concentration of thrombomodulin was elevated in patients with TTP (34.23 ± 19.08 ng/ml) as compared with healthy subjects (16.99 ± 2.63 ng/ml, P &lt;0.001). Eight (61.5%) of 13 patients had high thrombomodulin values. Markedly elevated thrombomodulin levels were observed in TTP patients who had suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus, in whom plasma thrombomodulin was still elevated when they achieved remission. Five of these 13 patients with TTP had normal plasma levels of thrombomodulin. In addition, the plasma thrombomodulin concentrations were correlated well with von Willebrand factor antigen and tissuetype plasminogen activator antigen levels, both of which are released from stimulated or damaged endothelial cells. No difference was found in plasma thrombomodulin levels between patients who achieved remission and who did not. These findings suggest that the magnitude of the endothelial damage in TTP is variable among patients and that plasma thrombomodulin has limited clinical relevance to the severity of TTP.
GENETIC CONTROL OF THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE IN MICE
Authors: Diana F. Amsbaugh, Carl T. Hansen, Benjamin Prescott, Philip W. Stashak, Richard Asofsky, Phillip J. Baker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Serum IgM immunoglobulin levels and antibody responses to an optimally immunogenic dose of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) were assessed for F(1), F(2), and backcross progeny derived from crosses between high responding BALB/cAnN (B) and low responding CBA/HN (C) mice. The results obtained confirmed our original hypothesis, namely, that a major component, present on the X chromosome, governs the ability to respond to SSS-III in a decisive manner. Although all low responding C mice had low IgM levels, both intermediate and high responders had high IgM levels of the same magnitude. Treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) resulted in a significant increase in the IgM levels of low responding C mice. While the IgM levels attained were similar to those of high responding B mice, not given LPS, no antibody specific for LPS appeared to be produced. These findings suggest that C mice are unable to make an IgM antibody response to SSS-III and other polysaccharide antigens, despite the fact that they possess the capacity to synthesize normal amounts of IgM immunoglobulin.
Successful Treatment of Immune-mediated Insulin Resistance by Human Insulin (recombinant DNA)
Authors: Franco Maneschi, S Edwin Fineberg, Eva M Kohner
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

An 82-yr-old woman with type II diabetes developed antibody-mediated insulin resistance while on mixed pork-beef insulin concomitantly with a non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Insulin resistance was initially treated with highly purified pork insulin, but this was unsuccessful. Treatment with human insulin (recombinant DNA) was associated with marked decrease of both insulin requirement and high-affinity antibodies, increase of free insulin levels, and improvement of diabetic control. This patient's case shows that human insulin can be considered as an alternative treatment for immune-mediated insulin resistance.
European<i>Polistes</i>venom allergy
Authors: M. G. Severino, P. Campi, D. Macchia, M. Manfredi, S. Turillazzi, I. Spadolini, M. B. Bilò, F. Bonifazi
Journal: Allergy (2006)

The American Polistes species venom mixture--that of P. annularis, P. fuscatus, P. metricus and P. exclamans--was the only commercially available mixture for diagnosis and therapy until 1996. However, these species of Polistes are not present in Europe, where P. dominulus and P. gallicus and to a lesser extent P. nimphus are widespread. The aim of this study was to assess the allergenic differences among the commercial American mix, P. dominulus and P. gallicus venom in European patients and therefore to verify if this mixture is suitable for diagnosis in these patients. We carried out skin tests, radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) and RAST inhibition in Italian patients with adverse reactions to Polistes stings. RAST inhibition results demonstrated that cross-reactivity between the American and European species is only partial and that P. dominulus and P. gallicus venoms have exclusive allergens. Skin tests and direct RAST confirmed these results and also showed that European Polistes venom is more suitable than the American mix in Italian patients. Moreover, we found a high rate of cross-reactivity between P. dominulus and P. gallicus. To conclude, P. dominulus and/or P. gallicus venoms are necessary for diagnosis and therefore in the therapy of European patients.
FAO/WHO meeting warns of contamination of powdered infant formula
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<b>Background:</b> In this study, we tested the efficacy of a low-intensity lifestyle intervention aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease among mid-life individuals. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a randomized controlled trial in which participants were randomly assigned either to receive a health report card with counselling (from a Telehealth nurse) on smoking, exercise, nutrition and stress or to receive usual care. The patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of risk: the primary prevention group, with a Framingham risk score of 10% or higher (intervention, <i>n</i> = 157; control, <i>n</i> = 158), and the secondary prevention group, who had a diagnosis of coronary artery disease (intervention, <i>n</i> = 153; control, <i>n</i> = 143). The primary outcome was a change in the Framingham global risk score between baseline and 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed separately for the 2 prevention groups using an intention-to-treat analysis controlling for covariates. <b>Results:</b> Within the primary prevention group, there were statistically significant changes for the treatment group relative to the controls, from baseline to year 1, in Framingham score (intervention, –3.10 [95% confidence interval (CI) –3.98 to –2.22]; control, –1.30 [95% CI –2.18 to –0.42]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and scores for total cholesterol (intervention, –0.41 [95% CI –0.59 to –0.23]; control, –0.14 [95% CI –0.32 to 0.04]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), systolic blood pressure (intervention, –7.49 [95% CI –9.97 to –5.01]; control, –3.58 [95% CI –6.08 to –1.08]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), nutrition level (intervention, 0.30 [95% CI 0.13 to 0.47]; control, –0.05 [95% CI –0.22 to 0.12]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and health confidence (intervention, 0.20 [95% CI 0.09 to 0.31]; control, 0.04 [95% CI –0.07 to 0.15]; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with adjustment for covariates. No significant changes in outcome variables were found for the secondary prevention group. <b>Interpretation:</b> We found evidence for the efficacy of an intervention addressing multiple risk factors for primary prevention at 1 year using Framingham risk score report cards and telephone counselling. (Requirement for clinical trial registration waived [enrolment completed before requirement became applicable].)
Cystic Lymphoma of the Brain
Authors: I A Keller, R N Greco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Figure 1. A 47-year-old afebrile man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus presented with headache, weakness of the left arm, a CD4 count of 2 per cubic millimeter, and white-cell count of 3 per cubic millimeter. T1-weighted axial and coronal magnetic resonance imaging (with gadolinium) showed a 5-cm mass in the right frontoparietal region, the rim of which (long arrows in Panels A and B) was irregularly enhanced, with central hypointensity. Additional foci of abnormal enhancement were apparent within the right basal ganglia and infundibular stalk (open arrows in Panel B). On axial T2-weighted imaging, the . . .
New Treatment Options for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Charles Erlichman, Daniel J. Sargent
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the HER family of tyrosine kinase cell-surface receptors that are dysregulated in many types of tumor; its expression has been associated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer.1 There are at least two opportunities to interfere with EGFR signaling that are being exploited clinically.2 In one approach, the extracellular receptor domain is bound by antibodies, such as cetuximab, that block ligand-mediated dimerization and subsequent activation of the receptor. In the second, the tyrosine kinase domain is bound by drugs that inhibit phosphorylation, such as gefitinib and erlotinib.Irinotecan is a topoisomerase . . .
Primary cutaneous aspergillosis in an immunocompetent child
Authors: Christen M Mowad, Tri V Nguyen, Christine Jaworsky, Paul J Honig
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)

Primary cutaneous aspergillosis is rare and occurs mainly in immunocompromised persons with aplastic anemia, AIDS, leukemia, or other malignancies.l4We describe primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a child who had no detectable immunologic deficiency. CASE REPORTA 2 l-month-old boy had a fever of unknown origin.He had been well until 12 weeks earlier, when fever associated with a streptococcal pharyngitis developed.Thereafter he continued to have intermittent fevers.Results of the following were normal or negative: blood, urine, stool, and spinal fluid cultures; chest x-ray film; liver function tests; Epstein-Barr virus titers; cytomegalovirus titers; hepatitis A, B, and C screens; rapid plasmin reagin; Lyme titer; PPD and anergy panel; HIV; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; tests for antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, and anti-DNA antibodies; CHs0 chemistry panel; bone marrow biopsy; upper gastrointestinal series; gallium scan; echocardiogram; electroencephalogram; skeletal surveys; and computed tomography of the abdomen, pelvis, and head.During evaluation a 1.2 cm hemorrhagic bulla was discovered beneath an intravenous arm board that had been applied 5 days earlier.The bulla progressed into a necrotic ulcer with a black eschar surrounded by 1 cm of violaceous erythema (Fig. 1).A biopsy was performed and the tissue sent for culture.The specimen revealed extensive deep dermal and subcutaneous inflammation with necrosis.Gomori-methenamine silver stain revealed septate branching hyphae within necrotic zones (Fig. 2).A culture subsequently grew Aspergillusfumigatus.There was no evidence of systemic involvement, and the cutaneous lesion resolved with 1 month of amphotericin treatment.Further immunologic evaluation including a nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test; mitogen studies; evaluation of T-and B-cell markers; and measurement of IgG, IgA,
Prediction of Mortality at Endoscopy in Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: S. Brearley, D.L. Morris, P.C. Hawker, P.W. Dykes, M.R.B. Keighley
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

One hundred and forty two patients with bleeding peptic ulcers underwent emergency endoscopy. Seventy six had endoscopic stigmata of haemorrhage and nine subsequently died. There were no deaths amongst sixty six patients without stigmata (p less than 0.02). Patients with stigmata were also significantly more likely to experience further bleeding (p less than 0.001) and to require emergency operations (p less than 0.01). Excess risk attached to those with bleeding at the time of endoscopy and those with visible vessels or clot adherent to the ulcer but not to patients with staining of the ulcer base. Patients without stigmata or with staining alone should be managed conservatively. Clinical trials in bleeding peptic ulcer disease should only include patients in the high risk group.
Response to Letter Regarding Article “Comparison of Electrode Cooling Between Internal and Open Irrigation in Radiofrequency Ablation Lesion Depth and Incidence of Thrombus and Steam Pop”
Authors: Hiroshi Nakagawa, Katsuaki Yokoyama, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman, Fred H.M. Wittkampf, Jan V. Pitha
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Seeking Better Health Care Outcomes: The Ethics of Using the “Nudge”
Authors: J. S. Blumenthal-Barby, Hadley Burroughs
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Policymakers, employers, insurance companies, researchers, and health care providers have developed an increasing interest in using principles from behavioral economics and psychology to persuade people to change their health-related behaviors, lifestyles, and habits. In this article, we examine how principles from behavioral economics and psychology are being used to nudge people (the public, patients, or health care providers) toward particular decisions or behaviors related to health or health care, and we identify the ethically relevant dimensions that should be considered for the utilization of each principle.
Hepatic Macronodular Tuberculoma Mimics Liver Metastasis in a Patient With Locoregional Advanced Tongue Cancer
Authors: Te-Chun Hsieh, Yu-Chin Wu, Cheng-Nan Hsu, Chun-Fan Yang, I-Ping Chiang, Ching-Yun Hsieh, Shung-Shung Sun, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Case ReportA 55-year-old man had disseminated tuberculosis involving the lungs and right foot, with initial presentation of complicated right foot cellulitis.He had undergone antituberculosis treatment with combined use of pyrazinamide, rifampin, ethambutol, and isoniazid in April 2005.Other than the persistent abnormal appearance of plain chest radiographs, there were no clinical events thereafter.However, in September 2010, the patient presented with gradual dysphagia and odynophagia.On physical examination, an enlarged and indurated mass was noted on the left hemitongue.Several enlarged, painless, and fixed lymph nodes were palpable on the left upper neck region.Laboratory studies revealed normal blood counts, liver function tests, renal function, and inflammatory biomarkers.Incisional biopsy of the tongue mass confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the head/ neck, chest, and upper abdomen for pretreatment evaluation revealed locally advanced tongue cancer (Fig 1A; arrow) and lymph node metastases in the left upper neck (Fig 1B; arrowhead).In addition, patchy consolidation with cystic, calcified, and fibronodular change was noted in the left lung (Fig 1C), compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis also confirmed by the subsequent polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from the patient's sputum.Nevertheless, a hypodense nodule with minimal enhancement, measuring 16 ϫ 12 mm, was found in segment four of the liver (Figs 2A, 2B; arrows).For further differentiation of the hepatic lesion and whole-body survey of the tongue cancer, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT was performed, revealing hypermetabolic lesions suggestive of malignancy in the left tongue (Fig 2C;