tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can Subcutaneous IgG Therapy Provide Rapid and Sufficient Serum IgG Levels in Initiation and High Dose Maintenance Settings?
Authors: J.S. Orange, M.R. Stein, H.L. Longhurst, M. Borte, B. Ritchie, M.H. Sturzenegger, S. Jolles, M. Berger
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Hospitalization with Hypomagnesemia: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Jonathan Zipursky, Erin M. Macdonald, Simon Hollands, Tara Gomes, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson, Nina Lathia, David N. Juurlink
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Background Some evidence suggests that proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are an under-appreciated risk factor for hypomagnesemia. Whether hospitalization with hypomagnesemia is associated with use of PPIs is unknown. Methods and Findings We conducted a population-based case-control study of multiple health care databases in Ontario, Canada, from April 2002 to March 2012. Patients who were enrolled as cases were Ontarians aged 66 years or older hospitalized with hypomagnesemia. For each individual enrolled as a case, we identified up to four individuals as controls matched on age, sex, kidney disease, and use of various diuretic classes. Exposure to PPIs was categorized according to the most proximate prescription prior to the index date as current (within 90 days), recent (within 91 to 180 days), or remote (within 181 to 365 days). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio for the association of outpatient PPI use and hospitalization with hypomagnesemia. To test the specificity of our findings we examined use of histamine H2 receptor antagonists, drugs with no causal link to hypomagnesemia. We studied 366 patients hospitalized with hypomagnesemia and 1,464 matched controls. Current PPI use was associated with a 43% increased risk of hypomagnesemia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI 1.06–1.93). In a stratified analysis, the risk was particularly increased among patients receiving diuretics, (adjusted odds ratio, 1.73; 95% CI 1.11–2.70) and not significant among patients not receiving diuretics (adjusted odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI 0.81–1.91). We estimate that one excess hospitalization with hypomagnesemia will occur among 76,591 outpatients treated with a PPI for 90 days. Hospitalization with hypomagnesemia was not associated with the use of histamine H2 receptor antagonists (adjusted odds ratio 1.06; 95% CI 0.54–2.06). Limitations of this study include a lack of access to serum magnesium levels, uncertainty regarding diagnostic coding of hypomagnesemia, and generalizability of our findings to younger patients. Conclusions PPIs are associated with a small increased risk of hospitalization with hypomagnesemia among patients also receiving diuretics. Physicians should be aware of this association, particularly for patients with hypomagnesemia. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Renal kallikrein-kinin: Its relation to renal prostaglandins and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone in man
Authors: Keishi Abe, Makito Sato, Yutaka Imai, Toshiaki Haruyama, Ko Sato, Masao Hiwatari, Yutaka Kasai, Kaoru Yoshinaga
Journal: Kidney International (1981)
Ongoing Outcome Research on Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy
Authors: Peter E. Sifneos, Roberta J. Apfel, Ellen Bassuk, George Fishman, Andrew Gill
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

In this paper short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STAPP) is described briefly in terms of its selection criteria and technique, and the preliminary findings of an ongoing outcome study are presented. Of 22 experimental patients who were treated with STAPP, 14 were rated as 'recovered' by two evaluators, 4 were 'much better', 3 'little better' and 1 was 'unchanged'. Of 8 controls who waited a period of 2–5 months, 5 were 'unchanged' and 3 'a little better' at the end of their waiting period. When they were treated subsequently, 4 had 'recovered', 2 were 'much better' and 2 withdrew having moved from the Boston area. The complexities inherent in psychotherapy evaluation are described, and the 3 patients who improved 'a little' and the 1 who was 'unchanged' are discussed briefly.
Politicians must explain why services need to close, warns NHS chief
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Politicians must face up to their responsibilities and explain to the public why NHS services need to be closed or reconfigured, the chief executive of the NHS in England, David Nicholson, has warned.

Speaking at the NHS Confederation’s annual conference in Manchester last week, Sir David said that the NHS had no other option than to close or reconfigure services if it was to live within its reduced means and still improve care.

He said, “Where we have the evidence and clinical support to make service change that improves quality and reduces costs, we should expect our politicians to support us and take those arguments forward to their local communities. The alternative is real problems for the NHS as a whole.

“In all of this …
Hemodynamic Studies in Pectus Excavatum
Authors: CLIFFORD S. REUSCH
Journal: Circulation (1961)

T HE PRESENCE of abnormal cardiac auscultatory findings of no diagnostic significance in pectus excavatum (funnel chest) has been repeatedly emphasized.'However, published hemodynamic data in this condition are limited to 42 cases.2-8It is the purpose of this paper to report eight ad- ditional cases with cardiac catheterizations that originally were diagnosed as organic heart disease. Method of StudyThe patients reported in this series were seen as routine referrals to the cardiac clinic of the City of Hope Medical Center during the course of one calendar year.In each instance, the patient was thought by his referring physician to have organic heart disease.In addition to routine 14-lead electrocardio- grams, each patient had a vectorcardiogram made with 3-lead systems (Kimura, Grishman, and Frank), a phonocardiogram,* and a cardiac fluoro- scopic examination.Cardiac catheterization was performed on each patient.An Electronics-for-Medicine multichannel photographic recorderd was employed for a per- manent pressure record.Oxygen saturation data were recorded on Ensco and Waters indirect oxim- eters, and were checked at intervals during the procedure with Van Slyke gasometric determina- tions.Five minutes of exercise on a bicyele er- gometer at the rate of 30 ergs per minute was carried out in most instances.In each case dye-dilution curves were obtained with multiple injection sites throughout the right heart and recorded by continuous sampling from the radial artery.Indocyanine green was the dye indicator employed.Cardiac output was determined by the method of Fick,9 as well as from the dye
Transient hypotension following intravenous ethamsylate (Dicynene)
Authors: L Langdon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Management of childhood epilepsy SIR,-I hope that Dr H Wykeham Balme (14 May, p 1284) does not imply that all children with epilepsy should live in a home with prdtected staircases, without bathroom locks, and with guards around the fires and radiators; that they should bath in less than three inches of water, go to school accompanied, and not climb trees or go swimming or camping.
Tc-99m RBC Scan Findings of Gangrenous Small and Large Bowel
Authors: CHAN H. PARK, SUNG M. KIM, JAMES ZHANG, CHARLES INTENZO, JACK McEWAN, ROBERT EPSTEIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

An 85-year-old woman with a history of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation was admitted after 2 days of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Upon admission she was febrile, and her stool was grossly heme positive. Tc-99m RBC bleeding scan performed on admission demonstrated no intraluminal bleeding. However, the scan depicted hyperemic changes and distension of the bowel wall throughout the abdomen. These scintigraphic findings are suggestive of ischemic bowel disease. Tc-99m PYP or Tc-99m WBC scan for detection of bowel ischemia or necrosis was suggested. Unfortunately, the patient developed respiratory failure and shock, which required emergency surgery. The entire bowel from the ligament of Treitz to the rectum was found to be gangrenous. The patient subsequently died.
Sublingual misoprostol versus intramuscular oxytocin for prevention of post-partum haemorrhage in Uganda: a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Esther C Atukunda, Mark J Siedner, Celestino Obua, Godfrey R Mugyenyi, Marc Twagirumukiza, Amon G Agaba
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Labour party says fundholding should evolve NHS will not fund private nursing care WMA acts on family violence GPs accused of wrong diagnoses Professions secure safeguards on comparative advertising NHS Health Advisory Service will have new role
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# Labour party says fundholding should evolve {#article-title-2}

The Labour party's health spokesman, Mr Chris Smith, has told the annual conference of the National Association of Fundholding Practices that fundholding should evolve rather than be abolished. From April 1997, 56% of all general practitioners in England will be fundholders caring for 58% of the population. Mr Smith told the conference, “We are not zealous ideologues. I don't think you are either. Let's see if we can map out a sensible way forward.”

Although the Labour party has strongly criticised fundholding since it was introduced in 1991, Mr Smith acknowledged that the scheme had brought “substantial advantages.” The party will shortly issue detailed plans, which are likely to support multifunds but not allow budgets to remain at the level of individual practices.

The chairman of the association, Dr Rhidian Morris, said that doctors wanted to keep control of their budgets so that they could continue to provide improvements in health care. “Doctors want to manage their patients' care, not be managed.”

The minister for health, Mr Gerald Malone, told the conference that from April 1997 there would be no minimum entry requirements for community fundholding. This means that many small practices in rural areas with fewer than 3000 patients will be able to join the scheme.

# NHS will not fund private nursing care {#article-title-3}

The government has shelved a proposal endorsed by the Commons health committee that long term care in private nursing homes should be funded by the NHS to alleviate the growing problem of who …
Mutations in SUFU predispose to medulloblastoma
Authors: Michael D. Taylor, Ling Liu, Corey Raffel, Chi-chung Hui, Todd G. Mainprize, Xiaoyun Zhang, Ron Agatep, Sharon Chiappa, Luzhang Gao, Anja Lowrance, Aihau Hao, Alisa M. Goldstein, Theodora Stavrou, Stephen W. Scherer, Wieslaw T. Dura, Brandon Wainwright, Jeremy A. Squire, James T. Rutka, David Hogg
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
The future of men and their health
Authors: S. Meryn, A. R Jadad
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It may seem incredible now, but up to just 25 years ago there was very limited research specifically targeted at women's health. The world seemed to assume that, except for issues related to reproduction, women's health problems, needs, and solutions were essentially the same as men's.1 As a result of vigorous lobbying by women from all over the world, research on women's health needs mushroomed in less than three decades. Major studies are now generating increasing evidence on important differences between men and women, from the cellular to the societal level.2

Almost by default, the strong emphasis on women's issues (which we applaud and support) has revealed areas of men's health that require just as much attention. Perhaps one of the most puzzling is the difference in life expectancy between men and women. Despite having had most of the social determinants of health in their favour, men have higher mortality rates for all 15 leading causes of death3 and a life expectancy about …
Initiating Exercise Programs for Patients with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes
Authors: Ruth K Beeken
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Considerable attention has been focused on the importance of physical activity in improving the diabetic state in obese, non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Because this patient population tends to be sedentary, this challenge requires an active effort involving the patient and health-care providers. The latter may be a team including physician, dietitian, nurse practitioner, and physical therapist. Programs must be individualized. The patient must be a full partner in developing plans and goals. Plans should represent the patient's interests, should blend into the daily schedule, and should avoid boredom. Programs are adapted to the patient's physical condition and are graduated in duration and intensity. Motivation is stimulated through education and is reinforced both by self-monitoring techniques and monitoring by providers. Such programs add a new dimension to both physical and psychological well-being.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Density and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Arnold H. Slyper
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To provide an overview of the relationship between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) density and coronary artery disease and to examine this relationship in terms of lipid peroxidation and the atherogenic remnant hypothesis.English-language studies and reviews pertaining to LDL composition and size were identified through a MEDLINE search and reference citations.Clinical studies on the following topics were critically reviewed: (1) the association between LDL density and coronary artery disease, (2) the relationship between LDL density and the levels and composition of other lipoproteins, and (3) the influence of environmental and genetic factors on LDL density.Low-density lipoprotein is a heterogeneous lipoprotein containing many subpopulations identifiable on the basis of density and size. There is an increased prevalence of small, dense LDL particles in coronary artery disease and conditions commonly associated with atherogenesis, such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and familial combined hyperlipidemia. Exercise, visceral fat accumulation, and diet influence LDL density. In comparison with buoyant LDL, dense LDL is associated with a more atherogenic type of lipoprotein profile. An important relationship exists between the triglyceride level and the formation of LDL subpopulations.Unraveling the connection between dense LDL and atherogenesis should provide important insights into the basic mechanisms underlying atherogenesis.
Antithrombotic effects of thrombin-induced activation of endogenous protein C in primates.
Authors: S R Hanson, J H Griffin, L A Harker, A B Kelly, C T Esmon, A Gruber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The effects on thrombosis and hemostasis of thrombin-induced activation of endogenous protein C (PC) were evaluated in baboons. Thrombosis was induced by placing into arteriovenous shunts a segment of Dacron vascular graft, which generated arterial platelet-rich thrombus, followed by an expansion region of low-shear blood flow, which in turn accumulated fibrin-rich venous-type thrombus. Thrombosis was quantified by 111In-platelet imaging and 125I-fibrinogen accumulation. Intravenous infusion of alpha-thrombin, 1-2 U/kg-min for 1 h, increased baseline activated PC levels (approximately 5 ng/ml) to 250-500 ng/ml (P < 0.01). The lower thrombin dose, which did not deplete circulating platelets, fibrinogen, or PC, reduced arterial graft platelet deposition by 48% (P < 0.05), and platelet and fibrin incorporation into venous-type thrombus by > 85% (P < 0.01). Thrombin infusion prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin clotting time, elevated fibrinopeptide A (FPA), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (T:AT III), and fibrin D-dimer plasma levels (P < 0.01), but did not affect bleeding times. Thrombin's antithrombotic effects were blocked by infusing a monoclonal antibody (HPC-4) which prevented PC activation in vivo, caused shunt occlusion, increased the consumption of platelets and fibrinogen, elevated plasma FPA and T:AT III levels, and reduced factor VIII (but not factor V) procoagulant activity (P < 0.05). We conclude that activated PC is a physiologic inhibitor of thrombosis, and that activation of endogenous PC may represent a novel and effective antithrombotic strategy.
Osteolysis and cancer
Authors: David Goltzman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Bone is a highly hospitable environment for colonization and growth of metastatic tumors, and some of the most common human malignancies, notably breast cancer and prostate cancer, have a strong propensity to produce skeletal metastases (1). Tumor cells, in turn, can produce a spectrum of skeletal manifestations which spans diffuse osteopenia, focal osteolysis, focal osteogenesis, and osteomalacia (2).

The most common skeletal manifestation of malignancy is focal osteolysis in association with metastases. In order for tumor cells to grow and invade mineralized bone, osteolysis must occur. Osteoclasts appear uniquely adapted to produce the microenvironment and the biochemical milieu that are needed to resorb bone. Although previous reports have indicated that some tumor cells appear capable of assuming an osteoclast phenotype and directly resorbing bone (3), the bulk of the evidence suggests that most tumor cells act indirectly by co-opting the physiologic mechanisms that normally favor bone resorption. Thus, they release agents such as hormones, eicosanoids, growth factors, and cytokines into the bone microenvironment, which act on osteoblastic stromal cells to enhance the production of osteoclast activating factors. Most notable of these is the cell membrane–associated protein termed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), which is a member of the TNF family of cytokines. RANKL can then bind to its cognate receptor (RANK) on osteoclast precursors and, in the presence of M-CSF, enhance the differentiation and fusion of these cells to produce functioning multinucleated osteoclasts (4) (Figure ​(Figure1).1). Concomitantly, production of a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, termed osteoprotegerin (OPG) (5), may be downregulated (6), thus eliminating one means by which the ensuing osteolysis could be repressed.



Figure 1

Schematic representation of tumor-cell induced osteolysis. A tumor cell may release soluble mediators such as hormones (e.g., PTHrP), eicosanoids, cytokines (e.g., IL-6), or growth factors (e.g., TGF-α) that act on an osteoblastic stromal cell. ...



Mineralized bone matrix is a rich source of stored growth factors such as TGF-β. Such growth factors, once released from degraded bone matrix, may further accelerate growth of the tumor, which can now expand within the lysed area. Such growth factors also appear capable of further increasing the release from tumor cells of osteolytic mediators, such as parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP) (7, 8). A cycle may therefore be initiated that consists of release of osteolytic mediators by tumor cells, bone degradation, release of growth factors from degraded bone, enhanced tumor cell growth, and further release of osteolytic mediators (9).
Liver enzymes and cardiovascular outcomes: A new research agenda
Authors: Yusuf Yilmaz, Ramazan Kurt, Cem Kalayci
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Even after adjustment for known risk factors, associations of GGT with cardiovascular events appear stronger in males than in females.6 Therefore, sex-based subgroup analysis is necessary to clarify whether there are sex-related effects or relative risks. It is necessary to clarify whether the association with cardiovascular events of elevated GGT differs between initially healthy individuals compared with patients with ultrasound-diagnosed NAFLD. This would help to disentangle the impact of the NAFLD diagnosis per se on cardiac outcomes. Indeed, NAFLD with normal liver enzymes is currently a widely accepted entity.7 Besides classical liver enzymes (GGT and ALT), it will be helpful to assess more sensitive biochemical markers of NAFLD, such as cytokeratin-18 fragments,8 in relation to cardiovascular outcomes. This is an important issue inasmuch as ALT is not only a marker of NAFLD but also of ectopic fat in general.9 Yusuf Yilmaz M.D.*, Ramazan Kurt M.D.*, Cem Kalayci M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
PET/CT Imaging of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor With Calcified Peritoneal Implants After Imatinib Therapy
Authors: Hedieh K. Eslamy, Andrew Quon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Calcified tumor mass is an unusual feature of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) at initial presentation. However, it may develop after imatinib therapy and be erroneously attributed to a second primary malignancy. A 56-year-old woman with a 4.5-year history of metastatic GIST presented to our institution for PET/CT imaging at baseline and at 3 and 15 months after imatinib therapy. Serial PET/CT images demonstrated increasing calcification in peritoneal implants on CT and increasing FDG activity.
WHAT CAN AND CAN NOT BE DONE FOR NASAL CATARRH BY LOCAL APPLICATIONS.
Authors: ALLEN DEVILBISS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The fact that the majority of humanity are afflicted with some form of nasal disease, and after doing all we can by hygiene, internal medication, and if necessary the removal of tissue, there will in most cases remain a condition requiring local applications, are sufficient reasons for our trying to suggest a plan whereby the remedy used may be applied so as to produce the best results. A spray thrown into the anterior part of the nose with its direction parallel with its floor, can not be expected to produce a cure or relief, on account (as a rule) that the diseased condition is located in the roof and not the floor; neither can we expect to accomplish good results by inhaling through the nose a vapor only to come in contact with the mucous covering the membrane. To do effective work, the instrument should be so constructed that its
Carcinoma of the Skin— A Guidepost to Internal Malignancy?
Authors: Carlton L. Carpenter
Journal: JAMA (1963)

By evaluating statistics from the Charity Hospital Tumor Registry, it was determined that the presence of a skin cancer increases the probability of the same patient having another malignancy internally. Of 2,433 patients with skin cancer in the registry, 197 (8%) were found to have an associated malignancy of another organ. Of 10,709 persons examined in the Tulane Cancer Detection Clinic, 0.72% were found to have malignancies. Age-adjusted incidence rates are presented which even further suggest an increased incidence of internal malignancy in patients with skin cancer. The higher than expected rate for internal malignancies in skin cancer patients warrants complete history, physical examination, and laboratory procedures on patients with skin malignancies.
Effect of Bright Light in the Hospital Nursery on the Incidence of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Penny Glass, Gordon B. Avery, Kolinjavadi N. Siva Subramanian, Marshall P. Keys, Anita M. Sostek, David S. Friendly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

The preterm infant is subjected to prolonged exposure to ambient nursery illumination at levels that have been found to produce retinal damage in animals. We prospectively investigated the effect of exposure to light in two intensive care nurseries by comparing the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity among 74 infants from the standard bright nursery environment (median light level, 60 foot-candles [ftc]) with the incidence among 154 infants of similar birth weight for whom the light levels were reduced (median, 25 ftc). There was a higher incidence of retinopathy of prematurity in the group of infants who had been exposed to the brighter nursery lights, particularly in those with birth weights below 1000 g (86 percent vs. 54 per cent, P less than 0.01 by chi-square test). We conclude that the high level of ambient illumination commonly found in the hospital nursery may be one factor contributing to retinopathy of prematurity and that safety standards with regard to current lighting practices should be reassessed.