tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of prevention pacing algorithms on atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence patterns in patients suffering from brady-tachy form of sick sinus syndrome: A randomized study
Authors: Renato Ricci, Luigi Padeletti, Gian Luca Botto, Giuseppe Boriani, Stefano Favale, Andrea Spampinato, Alessandro Capucci, Michele Gulizia, Paolo Rizzon, Paolo Pieragnoli, Marco Vimercati, Andrea Grammatico, Massimo Santini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Endothelin in human congestive heart failure.
Authors: C M Wei, A Lerman, R J Rodeheffer, C G McGregor, R R Brandt, S Wright, D M Heublein, P C Kao, W D Edwards, J C Burnett
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Although recent investigations report the elevation of plasma endothelin (ET) in congestive heart failure (CHF), it remains unclear if this elevation is that of the biologically active peptide ET-1 or of its precursor big-ET. Furthermore, it is unclear if such elevation is associated with increased myocardial ET and if the molecular form from cardiac tissue is altered ET. Last, it remains to be established whether circulating ET is increased at the earliest stage of CHF in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction and correlates with the magnitude of ventricular dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study was designed to investigate concentrations and molecular forms of ET in plasma and cardiac tissue in healthy subjects and CHF patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I through IV using cardiac radionuclide angiogram, cardiac myocardial biopsy, radioimmunoassay, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and immunohistochemical staining (IHCS). Plasma ET was increased only in patients with moderate (NYHA class III) or severe (NYHA class IV) CHF compared with healthy subjects and individuals with asymptomatic (NYHA class I) or mild (NYHA class II) CHF. The elevation of circulating ET in CHF showed a negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index and a positive correlation with functional class and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index. GPC demonstrated that immunoreactive plasma ET was ET-1 in healthy subjects and both mature ET-1 and its precursor big-ET in severe CHF patients, with big-ET the predominant molecular form. Cardiac tissue concentrations and IHCS revealed ET presence in healthy atrial and ventricular tissue, which were not different in severe CHF. GPC revealed that the molecular form of cardiac ET was ET-1 in both healthy and CHF hearts. CONCLUSIONS The present study establishes for the first time that the elevation of plasma ET in severe human CHF represents principally elevation of big-ET. Second, ET is present in healthy and failing myocardia, and its activity by both immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay is not changed in CHF. Furthermore, the elevated plasma ET is characteristic of severe CHF and not asymptomatic or mild CHF. In addition, the degree of plasma elevation of ET correlates with the magnitude of alterations in cardiac hemodynamics and functional class. The present study confirms and extends previous investigations of ET in human CHF and establishes the evolution of circulating and local cardiac ET in the spectrum of human CHF.
Book Review The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics Edited by Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Christine Grady, Robert A. Crouch, Reidar K. Lie, Franklin G. Miller, and David Wendler. 827 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 2008. $150. 978-0-19-516865-5
Authors: Gary L. Chadwick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Australia sees large fall in smoking after introduction of standardised packs
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

New figures from Australia have shown that the prevalence of smoking among adults fell by 15% in the second half of 2013, from 15.1% to 12.8%, a year after standardised packaging was introduced in December 2012.

The figures come from the National Drugs Strategy Household Surveys, which has been conducted every two to three years since 1985. The latest survey collected data from nearly 24 000 people across Australia between 31 July and 1 December 2013.1

The survey was conducted before the government’s major hike in tobacco tax of 12.5% in December 2013.

Deborah Arnott, chief executive of the UK health charity ASH (Action on Smoking and Health), said that the figures were evidence …
An Unusual Complication of Intestinal Intubation
Authors: Addison G. Brenizer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE value of intestinal intubation for decompression by suction is so widely recognized that it is used extensively as a diagnostic and therapeutic adjuvant. The Miller—Abbott and similar tubes, however, require the same working precision as any other instrument, and their proper function needs the attending physician's constant care to prevent complications.1 , 2 Most of the complications are familiar to all who have employed intestinal intubation. None are so serious as to condemn wide use of the procedure, but all are to be avoided if possible. The following is a list of minor hazards, some of which may seriously interfere with . . .
Induction of Neurally Mediated Syncope With Adenosine
Authors: Suneet Mittal, Kenneth M. Stein, Steven M. Markowitz, David J. Slotwiner, Sameer Rohatgi, Bruce B. Lerman
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Tilt testing is used to establish the diagnosis of neurally mediated syncope. However, applicability of the tilt test is limited by test sensitivity and length of time required to perform the test. We hypothesized that adenosine could facilitate the induction of neurally mediated syncope through its sympathomimetic effects and therefore could be used as an alternative to routine tilt testing. Methods and Results —In protocol 1, the yield of adenosine tilt testing (12 mg while upright, followed by 60° tilt for 5 minutes) and a 15-minute isoproterenol tilt test were compared in 84 patients with a negative 30-minute drug-free tilt test. In protocol 2, 100 patients underwent an initial adenosine tilt test followed by our routine tilt test (30-minute drug-free tilt followed by a 15-minute isoproterenol tilt). Six additional control patients underwent microneurography of the peroneal nerve to compare the sympathomimetic effects during bolus administration of adenosine and continuous infusion of isoproterenol. In protocol 1, the yields of adenosine (8 of 84, 10%) and isoproterenol (7 of 84, 8%) tilt testing were comparable ( P =NS). In protocol 2, the yields of adenosine (19 of 100, 19%) and routine (22 of 100, 22%) tilt testing were also comparable ( P =NS). Although the yield of adenosine tilt testing was comparable in both protocols, patients with a negative adenosine tilt test but a positive routine tilt test usually required isoproterenol to elicit the positive response. Microneurography confirmed discordant sympathetic activation after adenosine and isoproterenol administration. Conclusions —Adenosine is effective for the induction of neurally mediated syncope, with a diagnostic yield comparable to routine tilt testing. However, the discordant results obtained with adenosine and the isoproterenol phase of routine tilt testing suggest that adenosine and isoproterenol tilt testing may have complementary roles in eliciting a positive response. Therefore, a tilt protocol that uses an initial adenosine tilt followed, if necessary, by an isoproterenol tilt would be expected to increase the overall yield and reduce the duration of tilt testing.
Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies
Authors: Janet E. Shepherd
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<b>Women and Health Research: Ethical and Legal Issues of Including Women in Clinical Studies,</b>vol 2: Workshop and Commissioned Papers, edited by Anna C. Mastroianni, Ruth Faden, and Daniel Federman (Committee on the Ethical and Legal Issues Relating to the Inclusion of Women in Clinical Studies, Institute of Medicine), 247 pp, paper $29, ISBN 0-309-05040-5, Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1994. Twenty years ago, in the wake of the thalidomide and diethylstilbestrol (DES) disasters, it became unthinkable to include women of childbearing age in clinical research. Today, with the women's health movement protesting a lack of attention to women's medical problems, it has become unthinkable not to include them. Responding to this dramatic reversal, the National Institute of Health's (NIH) Institute of Medicine in September 1992 convened a 16-member Committee on the Ethical and Legal Issues Relating to the Inclusion of Women in Clinical Studies.<i>Women and Health Research</i>, volume
Is an ?� la carte? combination interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin regimen possible for the first line treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C?
Authors: Thierry Poynard, John McHutchison, Zachary Goodman, Mei-Hsiu Ling, Janice Albrecht
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Randomized trials have shown the enhancement of efficacy with interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin (IFN-R) in comparison with interferon monotherapy (IFN) as first line treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Further definition of response based on disease, patient, and treatment characteristics is needed to determine the degree of benefit for the various patient subgroups. The aim of this study was to answer this question by analyzing the data from 1,744 naive patients included in trials that compared 24- or 48-week IFN-R treatment. Response factors were identified by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics curves. Five independent characteristics were associated with a sustained loss of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (&lt;100 copies/mL) 24 weeks after the end of treatment: genotype 2 or 3, baseline viral load less than 3.5 million copies/mL, no or portal fibrosis, female gender, and age younger than 40 years. There was a significant advantage for IFN-R in comparison with IFN alone whatever the combination of factors. The most efficient strategy is to treat all patients for 24 weeks. If the 24-week polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is positive, treatment can be stopped. If the 24-week PCR is negative, patients with fewer than 4 favorable factors should be treated for an additional 24 weeks. Conclusion: The combination of IFN-R is better as first line treatment than IFN monotherapy. For patients who are PCR negative after 24 weeks of treatment, genotyping and baseline viral load, fibrosis stage, gender, and age are useful predictive factors in determining whether to continue an additional 24 weeks of treatment.
"GUARDING AGAINST VIOLATION OF THE HARRISON ACT"
Authors: Walter P. Guy
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —I note with appreciation the warning in regard to prescription blanks (The Journal, June 14, p. 1984). The thing happened to me not very long ago and gave me an uncomfortable conversation with the office of the internal revenue inspector. I gave a patient a prescription blank in lieu of a card. She filled it in for a tube of quarter grain hypo tablets and signed my name. If she had not presented the prescription to a druggist familiar with my signature, she might have obtained the tablets. I now keep my prescription blanks locked up.
Survival Patterns With In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Francis C. Dane
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetically Enhanced Rice to Help Fight Malnutrition
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of reduction of preload and afterload by nitroglycerin on left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations and relaxation in man.
Authors: P A Ludbrook, J D Byrne, P B Kurnik, R C McKnight
Journal: Circulation (1977)

To clarify the mechanisms of afterload reduction on left ventricular diastolic function, the influence of nitroglycerin upon ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations was studied in 22 patients during catheterization. After nitroglycerin, average ventricular systolic pressure declined by 25 mm Hg (18%) and end-diastolic pressure by 7 mm Hg (28%) (P less than 0.005). End-systolic and diastolic ventricular volumes decreased by 37% and 23% respectively (P less than 0.005). Although peak negative dP/dt fell by 22% (P less than 0.0005), "T", an index of the time course of isovolumic diastolic ventricular relaxation, was insignificantly changed. Diastolic pressure-volume curves were significantly displaced downward and leftward without significant change in slope, suggesting that a family of pressure-volume curves for each ventricle with similar slope but positions depend upon immediate loading conditions. Absence of change in slope or of "T" suggests that this displacement may be mediated indirectly, perhaps by relaxation of extracardiac constraints to ventricular distensibility. Accordingly, improvement in ventricular function by vasodilators may be partly due to downward displacement of the pressure-volume relation, with associated reduction of wall tension and myocardial oxygen consumption.
Trends in the Use and Outcomes of Ventricular Assist Devices Among Medicare Beneficiaries, 2006 Through 2011
Authors: Prateeti Khazanie, Bradley G. Hammill, Chetan B. Patel, Zubin J. Eapen, Eric D. Peterson, Joseph G. Rogers, Carmelo A. Milano, Lesley H. Curtis, Adrian F. Hernandez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
INTRAVENOUS INJECTION IN WOUND SHOCK: Abstract of the Oliver-Sharpey Lectures delivered before the Royal College of Physicians on April 30th and May 2nd, 1918
Authors: W. M. Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1918)

THE founder of these lectures was never tired of insisting on the importance of ctinical measurements of tlje blood pressure, and himself devoted much valuable work to the design of appropriate metlhods of performing such estima.tions, as well as to methods of determining the haemo.globin percentage contained in the blood.It is tlherefore not inappropriate that I slhould ask your attention to the part played by changes in.tle blood pressure in wound shock, and to the importance of the supply of oxygen to the tissues.Tlle name "wound slhock " was given by Captain Cowell to that state, resulting fromii injury, which shows itself as a general depression of vital activities, and may end in death' if not combated.The names " surgical " and "traumatic" shock have also been used, but "wound" shock seemns to be, on the whole, preferable.Two stages are usually met with in the development of this state, wlich stages have been called "primary" and "secondarv" slhock.Either of these may be absent, anid the formier may pass insensibly into tlje latter. DEFINITION.Prim-nary slhock occurs immediately on receipt of the wotund, and ii in many ways similar to an exaggerated fainting.'T'he collapse and fall of blood pressure is of benefit in tlhat it tends to lessen haemorrlhage.If the patient is kept warm aind quiet during transit to the -asualty clearing stationi the blood pressure may return to normal.On tlhe otlher lhand, after partial recovery, secondary slhocli miiay present itself with renewed low blood pressure and the various results of this condition.Tlh&low blood pressure and its consequences are the most aewral and obvious signs of the state of secondary slhock, i&tliStis with tlese tlhat we are concerned in this place.W-Ln I refer to wounid shock, it is to be understood that it /is the secondary stato wlliclh is under consideration, as being that requiring treatwent.NATURE OF WOUND SHOCK.Wlhat is the actual nature of wounid slhock, and especially wlhat is the immediate cause of the low blood pressure apart from haemorrhage, is still obscure.Conditions wvhich can be Excluded.It will clear the way, however, if I mention briefly somne suggestions that ban be at once put on one side.A capnia (diminisled carbon dioxide in the blood)because the respiration is not of suclh a kind as to result in excessive removal of carbon dioxide.Adrenzal exhaustion-because adrenaline is present in excess wlhen slhock comes on.Exhaustion of nerve centres-because reflexes are not diminished to any important degree except wlhen the blood pressure has remained at a low level sufficiently long to paralyse the centres from want of oxygen.Inefficient action of the hear t-because wlhen thie arterioles are constricted by a dose of adrenaline the heart is quite able to raise tlje blood pressure to a hiigh level.
Psychological Factors Associated with the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Paul F. Slawson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Twenty-five adult new diabetics were psychiatrically evaluated and given a standard personality profile (MMPI). The following results were obtained: (1) fourteen gave a history of definite object loss; (2) six gave evidence of a loss that could be reasonably inferred; (3) ten presented findings suggestive of unresolved grief; (4) fourteen were considered to be living in an emotionally deprived environment; (5) seven were found to be clinically depressed; (6) the MMPI depression scale score was 63 and one third of the patients had a D score of 70 or higher. The implications of these findings are discussed. It is suggested that diabetic patients may be subject to a type of stress specificity. Their response to emotional deprivation may be a non-adaptive shift to the type of metabolism characteristic of starvation. This study cannot be considered conclusive.
Whooping cough---a continuing problem
Authors: N S Crowcroft
Journal: BMJ (2002)

News media announced a global resurgence of whooping cough in April this year following a session on pertussis at the 12th European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Milan, Italy. Subsequently the European Union sent an alert to member states. Pertussis is one of the top causes of vaccine preventable deaths, with nearly 300 000 deaths in children worldwide in 2000.1 However, reports of a global resurgence originated in countries with low mortality and high vaccination coverage. For such countries the issue is how to fine tune effective immunisation programmes. In the rest of the world, priorities are to decrease infant mortality by improving coverage and timeliness of vaccination and implementing pertussis surveillance.2

Pertussis has re-emerged in low mortality countries in the past because of low coverage after a vaccine scare in the 1980s (in the United Kingdom) or the use of vaccines with poor efficacy (Canada, Sweden).3 Sweden and Germany stopped their vaccination programmes completely and only reinstituted vaccination for pertussis after years of recurrent epidemics of whooping cough. More recently …
Abstract PD6-1: Tumor spheres growing from peripherally circulating tumor cells exhibit stem cell features
Authors: K Pachmann, D Zimon, M Pizon, U Pachmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Among the cells that are disseminated from a malignant tumor only very few are capable to resettle in distant organs and grow into life-threatening metastases. Therefore, the question arises how and whether such cells which have the potential to grow into metastases can be detected. It has been shown that a subpopulation of cells from breast cancer tissue can form so-called mammospheres with stem cell features. Here we show that such tumor spheres can also be grown from peripherally circulating tumor cells from breast cancer patients in different stages of disease Materials and Methods: Using a nondissipative approach with only one enrichment step of red blood cell lysis, the cells from the pellet, containing the white blood cells together with the putative tumor cells were cultured under conditions favoring the growth of epithelial cells. At 7, 14 and 21days the cell cultures were inspected for the appearance of spheroids staining with anti-EpCAM, anti-CD24 and anti-CD44 antibody and.expressing ALDH1. Results: Peripherally circulating cells from patients with malignant tumors in different stages of disease were analyzed for the presence of circulating epithelial tumor suspect cells and the frequencies of tumorspheres. Tumorspheres could so far be grown from 79% of 36 patients in whom more than 1700/ml epithelial tumor suspect cells were detected. Numbers of tumorspheres varied from 1 to 29 /ml and correlated with the aggressiveness of the tumor. Surprsingly the numbers were highest in patients after surgery who had not yet received any systemic therapy. The size of the spheres increased from day 7 to day 21. The spheres were negative for CD24 and positive for CD44. They highly express ALDH1 and thus exhibite typical features of stem cells. Conclusion: Here, we demonstrate that the circulating tumor cells, detected in our approach contain a subpopulation with stem cell-like properties capable of growing into tumorspheres. The frequency and growth potential of cells capable of forming spheres seems to be dependent from the properties of the primary tumor. The possibility to grow tumorspheres from peripherally circulating tumor cells may open up a new field, where the relevant cells with stem cell properties from individual patients can now be specifically analysed further for genetic endowment, transcriptional activity, heterogeneity and stem cell markers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr PD6-1.
Multiple familial cutaneous glomangioma: A pedigree of 4 generations and critical analysis of histologic and genetic differences of glomus tumors
Authors: Ulrike Blume-Peytavi, Yael D. Adler, Christoph C. Geilen, Wasim Ahmad, Angela Christiano, Sergij Goerdt, Constantin E. Orfanos
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)