tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New and Effective Technique of Yag Laser Photocoagulation for Severe Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: P. Rutgeerts, G. Vantrappen, L. Broeckaert, G. Coremans, J. Janssens, K. Geboes
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

A new technique of treating acute severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage was evaluated. The technique consisted of epinephrine injections in the bleeding lesion combined with YAG laser radiation in short pulses, applied until the bleeding vessel was completely closed. This new treatment modality was tried in 54 consecutive patients with severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a spurting artery, or an ulcer with a non-bleeding visible vessel in the floor of the ulcer crater at endoscopy. Permanent haemostasis was achieved in 87% of the 54 patients. Emergency surgery was needed in 13%. The mortality rate was only 10%. No complications occurred. It is concluded that this new technique of treating severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a spurting artery, or an ulcer with a visible vessel results in a significant improvement of the success rate (permanent haemostasis) and a marked reduction in the mortality rate.
THE EARLY APPEARANCES, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE UPPER AIR TRACT.
Authors: WALTER F. CHAPPELL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The subject embraced in the title of this paper is really too important to be fully considered during the time at my disposal, and can therefore only be treated briefly from a somewhat personal standpoint. At one time I thought any one who had ordinary opportunities of studying tubercular manifestations on mucous surfaces could have little difficulty in recognizing their appearance in the upper air tract. Some mistakes on my part, and a wider experience in this branch of our special work, have changed the views I formerly held, and I now consider it most difficult and I might almost say impossible to arrive at a correct diagnosis in certain cases. Of course, this does not refer to patients who have all the typical, local and general symptoms, but rather to those where they are absent and the conditions simulate some other affection. No part of the respiratory tract is
P413In vivo evidence that carbenoxolone attenuates the delayed antiarrhythmic effect of cardiac pacing
Authors: M Gonczi, G Miskolczi, M Kovacs, A Vegh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Introduction: We have previously reported that rapid cardiac pacing preserves the function of gap junction channels (GJ) during ischaemia and reperfusion, 24h later. This result has suggested a role for these channels in the delayed antiarrhythmic protection. Purpose: The present study was designed to provide further evidence to this relationship using carbenoxolone (CBX), a pharmacological inhibitor of GJs. Methods: Under light anaesthesia (pentobarbitone 30 mg·kg-1) 22 dogs were paced through the right ventricle (4x5 min, 240 beats·min-1), and 24 hours later subjected to a 30 min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). In 12 out of these paced dogs CBX, in concentrations of 50 (n=7) and 100 μM (n=5), was given in intracoronary infusion 20 minutes before and throughout the occlusion period. Another group of dogs (n=10) that were instrumented but not paced, served as controls. We assessed the severity of ischaemia and arrhythmias (VPBs, VT episodes, incidence of VT and VF), as well as the relative changes in tissue electrical impedance. Results: Compared with controls, cardiac pacing significantly reduced the severity of arrhythmias (VPBs: 294±78 vs. 64±26; VT: 7.4±2.2 vs 1.1±0.6; VF: 13% vs 11%) and decreased GJ electrical uncoupling. Administration of CBX enhanced the closure of GJs and resulted in dose dependent increase both in the arrhythmia (CBX50: VPB: 82±10, VT:1.5±1.0, VF 57%; CBX100: VPB: 307±131, VT: 7.4±5.7, VF 40%) and ischaemia severity. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis that GJ channels play a significant role in the delayed antiarrhythmic effect of rapid cardiac pacing.
Transseptal Left Heart Catheterization
Authors: EDWIN C. BROCKENBROUGH, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, JOHN ROSS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Experiences with 450 transseptal left heart catheterizations are reviewed. There were no mortalities in this series, and the only significant complication was accidental puncture of the aorta in three patients. The equipment and technic employed in the current method, by which a radiopaque catheter of large caliber is introduced into the left ventricle, are described in detail. The advantages of this modification are outlined.
Hepatitis B virus DNA levels at week 4 of lamivudine treatment predict the 5-year ideal response
Authors: Man-Fung Yuen, Daniel Yee-Tak Fong, Danny Ka-Ho Wong, John Chi-Hang Yuen, James Fung, Ching-Lung Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The best time and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level during an early lamivudine treatment period for predicting the long-term outcome are unknown. We aimed to determine the optimal time and HBV DNA level during an early treatment period for the prediction of the response after a 5-year lamivudine treatment. The HBV DNA levels at the baseline, at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, and 32, and at yearly intervals until year 5 were measured in 74 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)–positive chronic HBV patients receiving lamivudine treatment. Seventeen patients achieved an ideal response [HBV DNA level &lt; 2000 copies/mL (400 IU/mL), HBeAg seroconversion, normal alanine aminotransferase levels, and absence of tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) mutations] at year 5. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed good predictions as early as week 4. The areas under the curve for weeks 4 and 16 were 0.89 and 0.94, respectively. Predictive indices revealed 4 and 3.6 log copies/mL (2000 and 800 IU/mL, respectively) to be the best cutoff HBV DNA levels for these 2 times, respectively. All patients with HBV DNA levels lower than these respective cutoff levels at the 2 times achieved an ideal response at year 5. Patients with HBV DNA levels above these cutoff values had 83.8% and 87.7% chances of not achieving an ideal response at year 5, respectively. Conclusion: The measurement of the HBV DNA levels at week 4 of lamivudine treatment should be performed in all patients to predict the long-term outcome. The treatment can be continued for those with HBV DNA levels of less than 4 log copies/mL (2000 IU/mL). The addition of or switch to alternative antiviral agents should be considered for patients who fail to achieve this early target. (Hepatology 2007.)
Rethinking Neuroethics in the Light of the Extended Mind Thesis
Authors: Neil Levy
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

The extended mind thesis is the claim that mental states extend beyond the skulls of the agents whose states they are. This seemingly obscure and bizarre claim has far-reaching implications for neuroethics, I argue. In the first half of this article, I sketch the extended mind thesis and defend it against criticisms. In the second half, I turn to its neuroethical implications. I argue that the extended mind thesis entails the falsity of the claim that interventions into the brain are especially problematic just because they are internal interventions, but that many objections to such interventions rely, at least in part, on this claim. Further, I argue that the thesis alters the focus of neuroethics, away from the question of whether we ought to allow interventions into the mind, and toward the question of which interventions we ought to allow and under what conditions. The extended mind thesis dramatically expands the scope of neuroethics: because interventions into the environment of agents can count as interventions into their minds, decisions concerning such interventions become questions for neuroethics.
Structure and function of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs
Authors: H NAGASE, R VISSE, G MURPHY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also called matrixins, function in the extracellular environment of cells and degrade both matrix and non-matrix proteins. They play central roles in morphogenesis, wound healing, tissue repair and remodelling in response to injury, e.g. after myocardial infarction, and in progression of diseases such as atheroma, arthritis, cancer and chronic tissue ulcers. They are multi-domain proteins and their activities are regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This review introduces the members of the MMP family and discusses their domain structure and function, proenyme activation, the mechanism of inhibition by TIMPs and their significance in physiology and pathology.
Specialist geriatric medical assessment for patients discharged from hospital acute assessment units: randomised controlled trial
Authors: J. Edmans, L. Bradshaw, M. Franklin, J. Gladman, S. Conroy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To evaluate the effect of specialist geriatric medical management on the outcomes of at risk older people discharged from acute medical assessment units.Individual patient randomised controlled trial comparing intervention with usual care.Two hospitals in Nottingham and Leicester, UK.433 patients aged 70 or over who were discharged within 72 hours of attending an acute medical assessment unit and at risk of decline as indicated by a score of at least 2 on the Identification of Seniors At Risk tool.Assessment made on the acute medical assessment unit and further outpatient management by specialist physicians in geriatric medicine, including advice and support to primary care services.The primary outcome was the number of days spent at home (for those admitted from home) or days spent in the same care home (if admitted from a care home) in the 90 days after randomisation. Secondary outcomes were determined at 90 days and included mortality, institutionalisation, dependency, mental wellbeing, quality of life, and health and social care resource use.The two groups were well matched for baseline characteristics, and withdrawal rates were similar in both groups (5%). Mean days at home over 90 days' follow-up were 80.2 days in the control group and 79.7 in the intervention group. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in means was -4.6 to 3.6 days (P=0.31). No significant differences were found for any of the secondary outcomes.This specialist geriatric medical intervention applied to an at risk population of older people attending and being discharged from acute medical units had no effect on patients' outcomes or subsequent use of secondary care or long term care.
Current Topics in Chinese Science: section G: Medical Science
Authors: E. Grey Dimond
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>Current Topics in Chinese Medicine</i>, copyrighted by the Science Press of Beijing, China, and Gordon and Breach Science Publishers of New York, is one of a series that reproduces articles about pure and applied science from the two leading journals (<i>Science in China</i>[Scientica Sinica] and<i>Science Bulletin</i>[Kexue Tongbao]) published by the Academy of Science of China. <i>Current Topics in Chinese Science</i>offers publications in seven subdivisions: physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology, astronomy, earth science, and medical science. All are in English; this present volume presents a selection of complete articles from the aforementioned two Chinese journals for 1984. The intent is to continue this series, collecting into one book all the articles in medical science published in the preceding year. The volume contains 44 complete articles. Institutions represented include the Shanghai Institute of Physiology, the Computor Center of the Academia Sinica, Beijing, The Shanghai Brain Research Institute, and several
Quality of Life of Patients with Atrial Septal Defect Following Percutaneous Closure
Authors: Nihan Kahya Eren, Ali Hikmet Kırdök, Uğur Kocabaş, Barış Düzel, Rida Berilgen, Cem Nazlı, Oktay Ergene
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ABSORPTION OF PARTICULATE MATTER BY THE GREAT OMENTUM
Authors: Albert P. Batchelder, Madeleine E. Field, Cecil K. Drinker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

When the omentum of the dog is floated in a suspension of insoluble nickel silicate in physiological saline under circumstances precluding the possibility of lymphatic drainage, the liver removed after at least 1 hour contains nickel which must have been brought to it by way of the blood capillaries in particulate form. The blood capillaries are, therefore, a pathway for absorption of solid material but are not important in this respect.
Homocysteinemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in Relation to Renal Function
Authors: Szymon Brzosko, Michal Mysliwiec, Maria Benedetta Donati, Licia Iacoviello
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In the study by Pavia et al. (1) and the subsequent commentary by Cotellessa et al. (2), the problem of homocysteine levels in patients with type 1 diabetes was raised. The authors found no differences in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration between diabetic children and/or adolescents and age-matched control subjects. They also did not observe any association between tHcy levels and either duration or metabolic control of the disease or its complications. The 91 patients analyzed had a duration of type 1 diabetes ranging from 1 to 15 years, and in ∼50% of them, the duration of the disease was >5 years. Patients did not have microalbuminuria and had serum creatinine within the normal range. …
N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide and the association with left ventricular diastolic function in a population at high risk of incident heart failure: results of the SCReening Evaluation of the Evolution of New‐Heart Failure Study (SCREEN‐HF)
Authors: Michele McGrady, Christopher M. Reid, Louise Shiel, Rory Wolfe, Umberto Boffa, Danny Liew, Duncan J. Campbell, David Prior, Henry Krum
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Preadmission Screening of Medicare Patients
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale, Alan P. Siegal, William B. Crede, Edward A. Kamens
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The clinical impact of a statewide Medicare preadmission certification program was assessed with a retrospective survey of Connecticut physicians. In a three-month period, only 100 (0.37%) of 28 450 Medicare admission requests were disapproved for reimbursement. Following disapproval, 22 patients were admitted immediately, 44 received outpatient care, and eight additional outpatients were not evaluated or treated. The remaining 26 patients subsequently were admitted with preadmission approval due to changed clinical condition or failed outpatient plan. Although some patients had minor problems that their physicians believed would have been avoided by immediate admission, no severe morbidity resulted from admission delay. Many physicians expressed concern about preadmission certification program—related patient anxiety and inconvenience. Although this limited survey provides preliminary evidence that preadmission certification programs can be implemented without major deleterious short-term medical effects, continued monitoring of physicians and patients involved in disapproved admissions is necessary to evaluate potential medical and psychosocial problems. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3418-3421)
Roles of prostaglandin production and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in hepatocyte growth factor—mediated rat hepatocyte proliferation
Authors: Takahito Adachi, Shigeru Nakashima, Shigetoyo Saji, Toshikazu Nakamura, Yoshinori Nozawa
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated DNA synthesis in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. HGF-induced DNA synthesis was concentration-dependently inhibited by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. BW755C, a dual inhibitor for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities, also inhibited hepatocyte growth. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGE2, and PGF2 alpha induced DNA synthesis even at such a low concentration as 5 nmol/L and potentiated [3H]thymidine incorporation induced by HGF in an additive manner. HGF caused arachidonic acid (AA) release and eicosanoid production. These events were detectable within 10 minutes after stimulation and lasted for at least 60 minutes. Furthermore, two proteins with approximately 40 kd were tyrosine phosphorylated by HGF. These proteins were identified as p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases by anti-MAP kinase immunoblots, which were known to activate cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), a key enzyme in AA release. Activation of MAP kinases was detectable within 5 minutes after stimulation with HGF and lasted for at least 60 minutes. EGF-mediated DNA synthesis was also inhibited by the above cyclooxygenase inhibitors. EGF caused AA release and tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinases. These results suggest that HGF as well as EGF causes AA release, probably through activation of cPLA2 mediated by MAP kinases, and that PGs, metabolites of AA, might play a pivotal role in hepatocyte proliferation in an autocrine mechanism.
384 GENES IN WIDE FUNCTION MORE THAN IMMUNE RESPONSE WERE INVOLVED IN CHRONIC HBV INFECTION BY ChIP-CHIP ANALYSIS OF H3k9 ACETYLATION STATUS IN CD4+ T CELLS
Authors: L. Jin, K. Wang, H. Liu, T. Chen, Y. Yang, J. Liu, Y. He, J. Wang, Y. Feng, Y. Li, Y. Zhao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Abstract 4236: Universal homogenous bioluminescent assay to monitor the effect of modulators on various classes of methyltransferases <i>in vitro</i>.
Authors: Said A. Goueli, Kevin Hsiao, Hicham Zegzouti
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Methylation/demethylation of DNA and Proteins play major roles in modulation of the epigenome and has been implicated in a wide variety of human diseases. Recent biochemical and biological data suggest that the enzymatic activities of several of these enzymes have pathogenic roles in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, pharmacological modulation of these enzymes by small molecules will be beneficial in developing novel therapeutics for multiple unmet medical needs. Towards this goal of searching for activators/inhibitors of these enzymes for the development of next generation of drugs, screening assays for these modulators are urgently needed. To address these unmet needs, we have developed a novel assay that monitors the activities of these enzymes and their modulation by small molecules. The assay is bioluminescent based, HTS formatted and highly sensitive. The assay is universal since it is based on monitoring the formation of the universal product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), i.e., capable of detecting changes in activity of a broad range of methyltransferases such as DNA, protein, and small molecules methyltransferases. In addition, the assay has been validated for all classes of protein methyltransferases (Lysine and Arginine), and with different types of substrates (small peptides, large proteins, or even nucleosomes). This enables determining the specificity of these enzymes and their substrate requirements. The assay has high signal to background and low C.V. The assay is robust (Z’ value &amp;gt; 0.7) and has been validated using various plate densities such as 96-, 384, and 1536-well plates. A strong feature of this assay is its utility with broad range of substrates with no limitations on the use of high concentrations of substrates or the composition of the substrates (short vs. long peptides), thus enabling the generation of kinetic data and determining the mechanism of action of various modulators of methyltransferases of interest. Citation Format: Said A. Goueli, Kevin Hsiao, Hicham Zegzouti. Universal homogenous bioluminescent assay to monitor the effect of modulators on various classes of methyltransferases in vitro. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4236
399 BONE MARROW STEM CELLS EXPRESSING CD34 ARE MOBILIZED IN DIFFERENT HISTOTYPES OF LIVER CANCER
Authors: M. Novi, E. Rinninella, A.C. Piscaglia, E.C. Lauritano, M.A. Zocco, N. Saulnier, M.A. Puglisi, F. Giuliante, F. Barbaro, M.L. Serricchio, C. Rumi, G. Leone, G. Nuzzo, G. Ghirlanda, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Exhaustive exercise slows inspiratory muscle relaxation rate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: D Kyroussis, M I Polkey, S E Keilty, G H Mills, C H Hamnegard, J Moxham, M Green
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The excessive load placed on inspiratory muscles when patients with COPD exercise could lead to fatigue and contribute to exercise limitation. Slowing of maximal relaxation rate (MRR) of skeletal muscle is an early index of the fatiguing process. We investigated whether inspiratory muscle MRR slows when patients with COPD walk to exhaustion. We studied nine well-trained and motivated patients with stable severe COPD (mean FEV1: 0.7 L, 28% predicted). Each subject performed sniff maneuvers before and after walking on a treadmill until they were forced to stop because of dyspnea. Esophageal (Pes), gastric, and transdiaphragmatic pressures were measured using balloon-tipped catheters. MRR was calculated as the percent Pes drop/10 ms. In the first minute after exercise there was a mean decrease of Pes MRR of 42% (range, 21 to 65%) (p < 0.01), which returned to baseline within 3 to 5 min. The fall in MRR indicates that the inspiratory muscles of patients with COPD walking to exhaustion are sufficiently heavily loaded to initiate the fatiguing process.
The increasing importance of patient surveys
Authors: P. D Cleary
Journal: BMJ (1999)

People often think of “exit” and “voice” as the main ways patients can influence healthcare quality1—that is, patients can leave providers they are not happy with or they can voice their opinions in an attempt to change care. A common strategy for eliciting patients' “voices” is to conduct surveys. Clinicians have long been sceptical about such surveys, partly because they communicate regularly with their patients and saw no need for another method of hearing their concerns and partly because satisfaction surveys used to be flawed measures of healthcare quality. Now, however, that is beginning to change as rigorous methods have been applied to developing and evaluating patient surveys.

Despite numerous studies of patient satisfaction,2 they have not resulted in the quality improvement that many expected. Previous satisfaction surveys had little impact because they often did not meet minimal standards of conceptual or methodological rigour and were not designed to facilitate quality improvement efforts. Responses to such surveys are subjective and difficult to interpret since …