tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Andrew B. Grey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are postmenopausal women. The presence of osteopenia in persons with mild primary hyperparathyroidism is considered an indication for parathyroidectomy. No prospective, controlled trials have assessed medical therapies for osteopenia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Objective: To examine the effects of estrogen-progestin therapy (hormone replacement therapy) on bone mineral density and biochemical indices in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Design: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patients: 42 postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg/d, and medroxyprogesterone, 5 mg/d, or placebo. Measurements: Bone mineral densities of the total body, lumbar spine, proximal femur (femoral neck, Ward triangle, trochanter), and proximal forearm were measured every 6 months using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Biochemical indices of bone turnover and calcium metabolism were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years. Results: In the placebo group, bone mineral densities of the total body and the proximal forearm decreased significantly from baseline (mean ± SE, −2.3%± 0.7% [P = 0.005] and −3.5%± 1.2% [P = 0.01], respectively). At the other sites, bone mineral density also tended to decline. In the hormone replacement therapy group, bone mineral density increased from baseline in the total body (1.3% ± 0.4%; P = 0.004), lumbar spine (5.2% ± 1.4%; P = 0.002), and femoral neck (3.4% ± 1.5%; P = 0.05). The between-group differences in bone mineral density at the end of the study ranged from 3.6% to 6.6% and were significant at all sites (P > 0.001 and P < 0.05) except for the Ward triangle (P = 0.06). In the hormone replacement therapy group, serum alkaline phosphatase levels decreased by 22% (P = 0.0004 compared with baseline), urinary hydroxyproline excretion decreased by 42% (P = 0.0004), urinary N-telopeptide excretion decreased by 54% (P = 0.001), and urinary calcium excretion decreased by 45% (P = 0.007). Hormone replacement therapy did not change levels of serum ionized calcium or intact parathyroid hormone. Conclusions: Although hormone replacement therapy has little effect on serum calcium levels, it suppresses bone turnover, reduces urinary calcium excretion, and increases bone mineral density throughout the skeleton in postmenopausal women with mild primary hyperparathyroidism. This therapy is thus an important management option for these patients.
Interobserver Reproducibility of Cervical Cytologic and Histologic Interpretations&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;Realistic Estimates From the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Mark H. Stoler
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Despite a critical presumption of reliability, standards of interpathologist agreement have not been well defined for interpretation of cervical pathology specimens.To determine the reproducibility of cytologic, colposcopic histologic, and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) histologic cervical specimen interpretations among multiple well-trained observers.The Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance-Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (ASCUS-LSIL) Triage Study (ALTS), an ongoing US multicenter clinical trial.From women enrolled in ALTS during 1996-1998, 4948 monolayer cytologic slides, 2237 colposcopic biopsies, and 535 LEEP specimens were interpreted by 7 clinical center and 4 Pathology Quality Control Group (QC) pathologists.kappa Values calculated for comparison of the original clinical center interpretation and the first QC reviewer's masked interpretation of specimens.For all 3 specimen types, the clinical center pathologists rendered significantly more severe interpretations than did reviewing QC pathologists. The reproducibility of monolayer cytologic interpretations was moderate (kappa = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.48) and equivalent to the reproducibility of punch biopsy histopathologic interpretations (kappa = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.43-0.49) and LEEP histopathologic interpretations (kappa = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.44-0.55). The lack of reproducibility of histopathology was most evident for less severe interpretations.Interpretive variability is substantial for all types of cervical specimens. Histopathology of cervical biopsies is not more reproducible than monolayer cytology, and even the interpretation of LEEP results is variable. Given the degree of irreproducibility that exists among well-trained pathologists, realistic performance expectations should guide use of their interpretations.
ACC/AHA guidelines for cardiac catheterization and cardiac catheterization laboratories. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Ad Hoc Task Force on Cardiac Catheterization.
Authors: C J Pepine, H D Allen, T M Bashore, J A Brinker, L H Cohn, J C Dillon, L D Hillis, F J Klocke, W W Parmley, T A Ports
Journal: Circulation (1991)

It is evident that the practice of cardiac catheterization has undergone, and continues to undergo, marked change. Most prominent are the recent very rapid proliferation of catheterization laboratories in general and the development of newer types of catheterization laboratory. No uniform definitions exist for these newer laboratories, so meaningful communication is difficult. The new settings are of particular concern because their location, mobility, organization, and ownership raise questions about the quality of patient care. Most difficult to address are the questions about patient safety and physician conflict of interest. There are no objective data in peer-reviewed literature to support the reported safety and cost savings of these newer settings. Through deliberations, surveys, interviews, and correspondence with the cardiology community embraced by the ACC and the AHA, the task force generally found that in freestanding catheterization laboratories, access to emergency hospitalization may be delayed, and appropriate oversight may be lacking. Additionally, opportunities for self-referral may be fostered and the perception of commercialism and entrepreneurial excess in practice created. All of these problems must be avoided. The growth and development of some freestanding facilities, particularly the mobile laboratories, do not seem to have been driven by an increased need in remote communities or for temporary support but rather almost exclusively by a desire to capture market share. Accordingly, a series of definitions, guidelines, and recommendations for the laboratories as well as for patient selection has been developed. The consensus was that a very restrictive and cautious attitude to the newer settings is appropriate at this time. The justification for development or expansion of cardiac catheterization services must be patient need. Documentation of this need must be based on objective estimates of the number of patients with known or suspected cardiac disease who meet generally accepted indications for laboratory study. Concerns about the lack of data from prospective clinical trials of patient safety in such a group necessitate a very cautious attitude toward any new catheterization services, in particular those without in-house cardiac surgical support. In view of the lack of appropriately controlled safety and need data for hospital-based, mobile, or freestanding laboratories operating without on-site (accessible by gurney) cardiac surgery facilities, the task force reaffirms the position that further development of these services cannot be endorsed at this time. In addition, there is reason for major concern that such proliferation in catheterization services may contribute to increasing costs and troubling ethical questions.
Sunscreen and Melanoma: What Is the Evidence?
Authors: Phyllis A. Gimotty, Karen Glanz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

effect of up to 10 years.” 1 The P value associated with the Cox regression analysis used to test the hypothesis that the risk of in situ and invasive melanoma together differed between those who used the sunscreen and those who did not was .051, whereas theP value for the risk of invasive melanoma alone (an end point less confounded by variable interpretations of pathologists) was .045. BothP values could be considered of borderline significance. The authors conclude that “our findings provide reassurance… about sunscreen’s ability to prevent melanoma.” There seems to be some contradiction between the authors’ conclusions and the P values that were reported. This brings to mind an article written by Goodman, 3 wherein he reminds us thatP values have historically been considered in two different conceptual frameworks. The first framework, as originally proposed by Fisher, was that the P value is an index or measure of evidence that can be used to measure disagreement between what is observed and what would be expected
THE HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS, BULLOUS PEMPHKIOTD AND ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME.
Authors: J. PIERARD, I. WHIMSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article THE HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS, BULLOUS PEMPHKIOTD AND ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME. Get access J. PIÉRARD, J. PIÉRARD Dermatological Department, State University, Ghent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. WHIMSTER I. WHIMSTER St. Thomas'Hospital, London, S.E.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 7, 1 July 1961, Pages 253–266, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14442.x Published: 01 July 1961
Accidental poisoning in childhood: five year urban population study with 15 year analysis of fatality.
Authors: J Pearn, J Nixon, A Ansford, A Corcoran
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Patterns of accidental poisoning in children are changing dramatically. A five year population study (1977-81) was undertaken in urban children from Brisbane (population 1 000 000). A total of 2098 children were poisoned during this period with only one fatality, which represents a dramatic reduction in mortality. Over the past 15 years (1968-82) 13 children have died from accidental poisoning from this population, and two were murdered with drugs. A study of secular trends has indicated that peak incidence occurred in 1979, and the rate has been falling progressively since. The current age corrected rate of poisoning is 393 per 100 000 children per year (0-5 year olds). The rank order of poisons, drugs, and chemicals causing hospital admission and death is: petroleum distillates 13%; antihistamines 9%; benzodiazepines 9%; bleach and detergents 7%; and aspirin 6%. The ratio of fatalities to ingestions requiring hospital admission was calculated to give an index of a practical danger of noxious agents to which children are currently exposed and the rank order is: cardiotoxic drugs, one fatality to 25 ingestions; tricyclic antidepressants, one to 44; sympathomimetic drugs, one to 54; caustic soda, one to 68; aspirin, one fatality to 350 ingestions. Accidental poisoning of children leading to death has been reduced because patterns of drug prescriptions have changed, packaging of dangerous drugs has been made safer, and substances such as kerosene have been coloured blue.
The Foldback-like Transposon Galileo Is Involved in the Generation of Two Different Natural Chromosomal Inversions of Drosophila buzzatii
Authors: Ferran Casals, Mario Cáceres, Alfredo Ruiz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Chromosomal inversions are the most common type of genome rearrangement in the genus Drosophila. Although the potential of transposable elements (TEs) for generating inversions has been repeatedly demonstrated in the laboratory, little is known on their role in the generation of natural inversions, which are those effectively contributing to the adaptation and/or evolution of species. We have cloned and sequenced the two breakpoints of the polymorphic inversion 2q7 of D. buzzatii. The sequence analysis of the breakpoint regions revealed the presence in the inverted chromosomes of large insertions, formed by complex assemblies of transposons, that are absent from the chromosomes without the inversion. Among the transposons inserted, the Foldback-like element Galileo, that was previously found responsible of the generation of the widespread inversion 2j of D. buzzatii, is present at both 2q7 breakpoints and is the most likely inducer of the inversion. A detailed study of the nucleotide and structural variation in the breakpoint regions of six chromosomal lines with the 2q7 inversion detected no nucleotide differences between them, which suggests a monophyletic and recent origin. In contrast, a remarkable degree of structural variation was observed in the same six chromosomal lines. It thus appears that the two breakpoints of the inverted chromosomes have become genetically unstable hotspots, as was previously found for the 2j inversion breakpoints. The possibility that this instability is caused by structural properties of Foldback elements is discussed.
Variants of the Adiponectin (&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;ADIPOQ&lt;/emph&gt;) and Adiponectin Receptor 1 (&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;ADIPOR1&lt;/emph&gt;) Genes and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Virginia G. Kaklamani
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Current epidemiological evidence suggests an association between obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and colorectal cancer risk. Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue, and serum levels are inversely correlated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia. While there is evidence of an association between circulating adiponectin levels and colorectal cancer risk, no association between genes of the adiponectin pathway and colorectal cancer have been reported to date.To determine the association of 10 haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) genes with colorectal cancer risk.Two case-control studies including patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and controls were recruited between 2000 and 2007. Case-control study 1 included a total of 441 patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and 658 controls; both groups were of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry and from New York, New York. Case-control study 2 included 199 patients with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and 199 controls from Chicago, Illinois, matched 1:1 for sex, age, and ethnicity.ADIPOQ and ADIPOR1 SNP frequency among cases and controls.In study 1, after adjustment for age, sex, and SNPs from the same gene, 3 ADIPOQ SNPs and 1 ADIPOR1 SNP were associated with colorectal cancer risk: rs266729 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-0.95) and rs822396 (AOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-1.00) were associated with decreased risk whereas rs822395 (AOR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.09-2.84) and rs1342387 (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.18-2.72) were associated with increased risk. In study 2, after adjustment for age, sex, race, and SNPs from the same gene, the ADIPOQ SNP rs266729 was associated with a decreased colorectal cancer risk of similar magnitude as in study 1 (AOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.78). Combined analysis of both studies shows an association of rs266729 with decreased colorectal cancer risk (AOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-0.99).The SNP rs266729, which tags the 5' flanking region of the ADIPOQ gene, is associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk.
A Case of Complete Ophthalmoplegia Occurring During Whooping-cough
Authors: B. W. Gowring
Journal: BMJ (1903)

APPARENT INFECTION IN ACUTE RHEUMATISM.[DEC.26j 1903.which often cause peripheral neuritis, and also other toxaemic diseases, such as typhoid fever, plague and acute rheumatism, which do not or rarely give rise to peripheral neuritis.3. Beri-beri and diphtheria are the diseases par excellence in which sudden fatal heart failure occurs.4. The heart-muscle degeneration is not a secondary result of neuritis of the vagus.5. The heart-muscle degeneration takes place as a rule before skeletal-muscle degeneration and is the result probably of direct action of the toxin and not a secondary result of nerve change.6. Sudden heart failure does not indicate a sudden lesion, but rather is the result of a gradually-increasing heart weak- ness from cardiac-muscle degeneration, which may be precipitated by any sudden exertion, but more frequently is the result of the principle of " all or nothing," the transition from " all " to " nothing " being necessarily rapid.7. The cardiac physical signs in beri-teri closely resemble those found in diphtheria and are of paramount importance in prognosis and treatment.
On Delivery in Certain Cases of Impaction of the Trunk of the F tus
Authors: H. R. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1895)

at the end of six weeks a plaster-of-paris jacket was applied, and the boy allowed to move about by the aid of crutches.I showed the case before the Hull Medical Society on November 16th, 1894, and then he was quite recovered, and able to walk about without the help of crutches or any aid whatever, and indeed a few days ago I saw him running and flying a kite.
P3-093: Correlative analyses of plasma cytokine / angiogenic factor (C/AF) profile, gender and outcome in a randomized, three-arm, phase II trial of 1st-line vandetanib (VAN) and / or carboplatin plus paclitaxel (CP) for advanced non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: J.V. Heymach, E.O. Hanrahan, H.Y. Lin, D.Z. Du, S Yan, E.S. Kim, J.J. Lee, A.J. Ryan, H.T. Tran, B.E. Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effect of behavioural-educational intervention on sleep for primiparous women and their infants in early postpartum: multisite randomised controlled trial
Authors: R. Stremler, E. Hodnett, L. Kenton, K. Lee, S. Weiss, J. Weston, A. Willan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of a behavioural-educational sleep intervention delivered in the early postpartum in improving maternal and infant sleep. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Postpartum units of two university affiliated hospitals. <b>Participants</b> 246 primiparous women and their infants randomised while in hospital with an internet based randomisation service to intervention (n=123) or usual care (n=123) groups. <b>Interventions</b> The behavioural-educational sleep intervention included a 45-60 minute meeting with a nurse to discuss sleep information and strategies to promote maternal and infant sleep, a 20 page booklet with the content discussed, and phone contacts at one, two, and four weeks postpartum to reinforce information, provide support, and problem solve. The usual care group received calls at weeks one, two, and four to maintain contact without provision of advice. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcome was maternal nocturnal (9 pm to 9 am) sleep (minutes) and secondary outcome was longest stretch of infant nocturnal sleep (minutes) measured at six and 12 weeks postpartum by actigraphy. Other outcomes measured at six and 12 weeks were number of maternal and infant night time awakenings by actigraphy, fatigue visual analogue scale, general sleep disturbance scale, and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Rates of exclusive breast feeding were measured at 12 weeks postpartum only. <b>Results</b> All women who completed any outcome measures at six or 12 weeks were included in analysis. Sleep outcomes were completed at one or both of six and 12 weeks postpartum for 215 of 246 (87%) women (110/123 intervention and 105/123 usual care). Longitudinal mixed effects model analyses indicated no significant differences between the groups on any of the outcomes. The estimated mean difference in maternal nocturnal sleep between the intervention and usual care groups was 5.97 minutes (95% confidence interval −7.55 to 19.5 minutes, P=0.39). No differences in any outcomes were noted based on the specific nurse delivering the intervention or the number of phone contacts received. <b>Conclusion</b> A behavioural-educational intervention delivered in the early postpartum, in hospital, and in the first weeks at home, was ineffective in improving maternal and infant sleep or other health outcomes in the first months postpartum. <b>Trial registration</b> ISRCT No 13501166.
New American Children
Authors: Fernando S. Mendoza, Natalia K. Festa
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

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Dose-related changes in vaginal cytology after topical conjugated equine oestrogens.
Authors: G I Dyer, O Young, P T Townsend, W P Collins, M I Whitehead, J Jelowitz
Journal: BMJ (1982)

four weeks of follow-up after 0-1 mg, for one week only after 0 4 and 0 8 mg, and not at all after 1-25 mg.
Studies of Endocrine and Affective Functions in Complex Flight Manoeuvres
Authors: E.J. Pinter, G. Peterfy, J.M. Cleghorn
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

Endocrine and metabolic changes, as well as affective functions, were studied in eight healthy volunteers anticipating and executing a prearranged sequence of aerobatic flight. Control measurements were made at complete physical and mental rest. The following were determined: anxiety and hostility levels, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), serum thyroxine (T4), corticosteroids, prolactin, growth hormone, immunoreactive insulin and urinary excretion of VMA. The pattern of response was uniform in all subjects. Significant changes were seen in plasma FFA, corticosteroids, growth hormone and immunoreactive insulin following aerobatic flight. Anticipation of flight induced anxiety arousal and significant directional changes in plasma FFA, corticosteroids, as well as in VMA excretion. Hostility scores were highest immediately upon termination of flight.