tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CHOLECYSTOSTOMY VERSUS CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: JOHN B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Interest in surgery of the gallbladder and bile passages received its greatest stimulus with the introduction of cholecystectomy by Langenbuch in 1882. Observations at the operating table and laboratory studies of the removed organ, since that time, have borne fruit in the knowledge of the diseases of the gallbladder which is at our command today. This knowledge is quite wide, but there are many questions and many problems that await solution, one of which in its practical aspects is before us for discussion in this paper. After the first rush of enthusiasm which greets almost every innovation, colder judgment, with more facts at its command, begins to question the rationale of the innovation. In surgery, we hear the swaying of the pendulum in the cry that we are removing too many appendixes or that we are performing too many gastroenterostomies. Gallbladder surgery is no exception to the rule, and today
Relation between birth weight and blood pressure: longitudinal study of infants and children.
Authors: L J Launer, A Hofman, D E Grobbee
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To study the relation between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in infancy and early childhood. DESIGN--Longitudinal study of infants from birth to 4 years of age. SETTING--A middle class community in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS--476 Dutch infants born in 1980 to healthy women after uncomplicated pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Systolic blood pressure and body weight measured at birth and at 3 months and 4 years of age; the relation between systolic blood pressure and birth weight as estimated by multiple regression models that include current weight and previous blood pressure and control for gestational age, length at birth, and sex. RESULTS--Complete data were available on 392 infants. At 4 years of age the relation between blood pressure and birth weight appeared to be U shaped; low and high birthweight infants had raised blood pressure. Current weight and previous blood pressure were also positively associated with blood pressure at that age. Low birthweight infants (birth weight &lt; 3100 g) had a greater gain in blood pressure and weight in early infancy. High birthweight infants (birth weight &gt; or = 3700 g) had high blood pressure at birth, and weight and blood pressure tended to remain high thereafter. CONCLUSIONS--Even among normal infants there seem to be subgroups defined by birth weight in which blood pressure is regulated differently. Future investigations are needed to examine the physiological basis of these differences. Studies of correlates of adult disease related to birth weight should investigate mechanisms related to increased risk separately in infants of low and high birth weight.
Collaboration between smokers and tobacco in endothelial dysfunction
Authors: T. Ichiki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘Cytokines present in smokers’ serum interact with smoke components to enhance endothelial dysfunction’ by S.S. Barbieri et al., doi:10.1093/cvr/cvr032 .

Cigarette smoking is the most addictive but modifiable habit and a major health hazard. Smoking primarily affects the respiratory tract and causes chronic obstructive lung diseases and cancers of the lung and pharynx. Smoking is also a major independent risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular attack. Smoking-related respiratory diseases can be explained by the direct exposure to cigarette smoke. In contrast, the mechanisms responsible for the acceleration of atherosclerosis by smoking are still elusive, although deleterious effects of smoking on the cardiovascular system are well established.1

The exact toxic components of cigarette smoke are largely unknown and the mechanisms of vascular damage induced by cigarette smoking are likely multifaceted. However, increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and inflammation, which are also closely interrelated, play critical roles in the mechanism for the pathophysiological link between smoking and vascular injury leading to the development of atherosclerosis.2

Barbieri et al. 3 report an interesting study showing that serum from active smokers induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from NADPH oxidase and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression through activation of the p38MAPK/Akt pathway in …
Intestinal Bypass Surgery for Morbid Obesity: Long-Term Results
Authors: Loren T. DeWind, J. Howard Payne
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colorectal surgery--the Cinderella specialty
Authors: H L Young, M H Wheeler
Journal: BMJ (1981)

We studied the structural proteins of the “opaque fibers” (OFs) in muscle biopsies from 12 patients, aged 4 to 24 years, with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The electrophoretic patterns of myofibrillar proteins indicated three groups of opaque fibers: the first (OF a) had an almost normal electrophoretogram, the second (OF b<sub>1</sub>) showed a clear decrease of 55,000 dalton protein (desmin), and the third (OF b<sub>2</sub>) exhibited a great reduction in α-actinin and desmin. The data suggest that some OFs are pathologic fibers in the degenerative process of Duchenne dystrophy.
Medical science: master or servant?
Authors: L Platt
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Harvey and the Scientific MethodtIf any testimony were needed to the unique position of William Harvey in the development of modern medicine, it would be sufficient to note that after more than three centuries new researches into his life and work continue to be made and have yielded in the last few years a quite astonishing harvest.Notable among them are the recent volume by Keynes (1966), so rich in learning yet so delightful to read, and that unique triumph of erudition and insight, the new transcription of Harvey's Praelectiones by Gweneth Whitteridge (1964, 1966), together with her interpretation of the manner and sequence in which they were written, so that we are now almost able to follow the trains of thought which led to the gradual revelation of the secrets of the circulation of the blood, in Harvey's mind.As to his methods, there is no better source than De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis itself, and perhaps Harvey's own writings in reply to Riolan.Harvey described his work as proving the circulation of the blood "by reason and experiment."It is indeed the charm of De Motu to the present-day scientist that reason and experiment go hand in hand throughout, the experiment being carefully devised to prove or refute the hypothesis, the hypothesis having been derived from experience and the contemplation of data carefully observed, the perfect scientific method, in fact.In spite of this, Harvey knew that in his day his methods and his conclusions were so unorthodox that they would be criticized and rejected by many of his contemporaries, and he said: " I fear lest I have mankind at large for my enemies, so much doth wont and custom become a second nature.Doctrine once sown strikes deep its root, and respect for antiquity influ- ences all men.Still the die is cast and my trust is in the love of truth and the candour of cultivated minds."I Harvey's contemporaries and successors, nevertheless, generally accepted his teaching, but failed to find any way of making it relevant to medical practice.This was inevitable at that time, but they might have been quicker to adopt his experi- mental methods in the pursuit of the further knowledge of physiology.As to his practice of medicine, Harvey was considerably criticized during his lifetime, and it is interesting that Lord Conway warned his daughter, who was a patient of Harvey's, against him, in spite of his obvious esteem for Harvey's scientific merit.John Aubrey said of Harvey: " All his profession would allow him to be an excellent Anatomist, but I
The role of CREB as a proto-oncogene in hematopoiesis and in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Deepa B. Shankar, Jerry C. Cheng, Kentaro Kinjo, Noah Federman, Theodore B. Moore, Amandip Gill, Nagesh P. Rao, Elliot M. Landaw, Kathleen M. Sakamoto
Journal: Cancer Cell (2005)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: David H. Miller
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Adenoviral gene transfer of Na<sup>+</sup>‐Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchanger to nonfailing cultured rabbit ventricular myocytes induces the functional phenotype of failing myocytes
Authors: W. Schillinger, P.M.L. Janssen, S. Emami, S.A. Henderson, R.S. Ross, J. Prestle, G. Hasenfuss
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Evidence for genetic homogeneity of Setleis' syndrome and focal facial dermal dysplasia
Authors: K.A. WARD, C. MOSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

A healthy 14‐month‐old boy had multiple, circular, scar‐like depressions on both temples, which had been present since birth. Delivery had been normal, and had not required the use of forceps or other instruments. His mother and one sister had similar, but less obvious, lesions on the temples. The three affected family members had similar facial features, with laterally deficient eyebrows, and a prominent upper lip with down‐turned mouth. Additional features in the baby were sparse lower eyelashes, medial epicanthal folds, and skin dimpling on one side of the chin. Focal facial dermal dysplasia (FFDD) denotes a condition in which there are bitemporal, round, scarlike lesions. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance and expressivity, and there are no associated features. Setleis' syndrome is recessively inherited, and is characterized by similar bitemporal defects associated with other dysmorphic features, including deficient eyelashes and a prominent upper lip. This report of dominantly inherited bitemporal dermal defects with characteristic facies supports the idea that FFDD and Setleis' syndrome are a single disorder.
STENT THROMBOSIS, BLEEDING, AND ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN THE E-SELECT REGISTRY: ONEYEAR FOLLOW-UP OF 15000 PATIENTS TREATED WITH THE SIROLIMUS-ELUTING CYPHER-SELECT STENT PLUS
Authors: Philip M. Urban, Alexander Abizaid, Adrian Banning, Antonio Bartorelli, Vladimir Dzavik, Stephen G. Ellis, Runlin Gao, David Holmes, Muyng Ho Jeong, Victor Legrand, Franz-Jozef Neumann, Maria Nyakern, Christian Spaulding, Hans-Peter Stoll, Stephen Worthley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Rapid Induction of Cerebral Hypothermia Is Enhanced With Active Compression-Decompression Plus Inspiratory Impedance Threshold Device Cardiopulmonary Resusitation in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Vijay Srinivasan, Vinay M. Nadkarni, Demetris Yannopoulos, Bradley S. Marino, Gardar Sigurdsson, Scott H. McKnite, Maureen Zook, David G. Benditt, Keith G. Lurie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Authors: A. B. HOLLINGSHEAD, F. C. REDLICH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

In a previous report the authors and their co-workers found treated prevalence of schizophrenia in the lowest social class 11 times more frequent than in the upper class. The present paper analyzes this striking distribution. From our data it may be concluded that the difference is not due to downward social mobility. Tabulating approximate treated incidence of schizophrenics (patients in treatment for less than 1 year) we found that approximately twice as many schizophrenics occur in class V than in classes I and II combined. At the more chronic levels the ratio between upper- and lower-class schizophrenics is much higher. We found 31 times as many schizophrenics in class V as in classes I and II. This increase of chronic patients in class V appears to be related to significant differences in treatment. Our data demonstrate that schizophrenics in the upper and middle classes enter treatment earlier than those in the lower class. The upper- and middle-class schizophrenic is referred for treatment through medical channels; the lower-class schizophrenic through legal ones. The schizophrenic of the upper and middle classes is more likely to be treated by psychotherapy; the lower-class patient by organic treatment and, in far too many cases, he is not treated at all. The patient in the upper and middle classes has a greater chance of being discharged to his family and community than has the lower-class schizophrenic. Implications of these findings for the pathology and therapy of schizophrenia need to be discussed more thoroughly than space allows us here.
Black dog of depression
Authors: R. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1992)

different scales are used.In such a case the intraclass correlation coefficient computed for each method will indicate which is the more reliable, provided each method of measurement uses the same population, as in a dataset we recently examined.'In summary, we agree with Chinn when she says that "the intraclass correlation coefficient should be used only for comparative purposes.The within-subject standard deviation or 95 per cent range for change should be calculated as the absolute measure of repeatability."2
The Effect of Age and Chronic Illness on Life Expectancy after a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Screening
Authors: Cary P. Gross, Gail J. McAvay, Harlan M. Krumholz, A. David Paltiel, Devina Bhasin, Mary E. Tinetti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Older adults with shorter life expectancies may receive less benefit from colorectal cancer screening than younger, healthier patients. Objective: To determine the degree to which life expectancy after diagnosis of an early-stage cancer varies according to age or coexisting chronic illness. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Population-based cancer registry with linked administrative claims data. Patients: Patients 67 years of age or older who received a diagnosis of colorectal cancer from 1993 through 1999. Measurements: Chronic conditions were identified by searching Medicare claims. Using a life-table approach, the authors quantified the degree to which life expectancy associated with each cancer stage at diagnosis varied with patient age, sex, and burden of chronic conditions. Results: The final study sample consisted of 35 755 patients. After accounting for cancer stage at diagnosis, the authors found that life expectancy was strongly related to both age and the burden of chronic illness. Among men who received a diagnosis of stage I cancer at 67 years of age, life expectancy decreased from 19.1 years (95% CI, 17.8 to 20.5 years) for patients with no chronic conditions to 12.4 years (CI, 11.4 to 13.5 years) for those with 1 or 2 conditions and 7.6 years (CI, 6.1 to 9.4 years) for those with 3 or more conditions. A similar trend was noted among female counterparts, with life expectancy decreasing from approximately 23 years to 16 years and 7 years for the 3 chronic condition groups, respectively. For men and women 81 years of age with no chronic illnesses, life expectancy after stage I cancer diagnosis was 10.3 years (CI, 9.2 to 11.9 years) and 13.8 years (CI, 12.3 to 15.3 years), respectively. Limitations: Administrative claims may not identify all chronic conditions. Life expectancy estimates at the population level are averages and, therefore, may not accurately predict the life expectancy of individual patients. Conclusions: Coexisting chronic illness is associated with a substantial reduction in life expectancy after diagnosis of early-stage colorectal cancer. Physicians should consider this when deciding whether to screen older persons.
α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone regulates vascular NO availability and protects against endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Petteri Rinne, Wendy Nordlund, Ilkka Heinonen, Anna-Maija Penttinen, Antti Saraste, Suvi T. Ruohonen, Satu Mäkelä, Laura Vähätalo, Katja Kaipio, Minying Cai, Victor J. Hruby, Saku Ruohonen, Eriika Savontaus
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), derived from the precursor molecule pro-opiomelanocortin, exerts potent anti-inflammatory actions in the vasculature, but its role in circulatory regulation remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether α-MSH could regulate the local control of blood vessel tone. Using in vivo and ex vivo methods to assess vascular reactivity, we found that α-MSH improved endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the mouse aorta and coronary circulation without directly contracting or relaxing blood vessels. α-MSH promoted vasodilatation by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide (NO) formation and by improving sensitivity to endothelium-independent blood vessel relaxation. Using cultured human endothelial cells to elucidate the involved molecular mechanisms, we show that α-MSH increased the expression and phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase in these cells. The observed effects were regulated by melanocortin 1 (MC1) receptors expressed in the endothelium. In keeping with the vascular protective role of α-MSH, in vivo treatment with stable analogues of α-MSH ameliorated endothelial dysfunction associated with aging and diet-induced obesity in mice. The present study identifies α-MSH and endothelial MC1 receptors as a new signalling pathway contributing to the regulation of NO availability and vascular function. These findings suggest applicability of α-MSH analogues for therapeutic use in pathological conditions that are characterized by vascular dysfunction.
The Role of Tax Reform in Health Care Reform—Reply
Authors: Samuel Y. Sessions
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Suppurative Ulcerating Iododerma — A Rare Manifestation of Inorganic Iodide Hypersensitivity
Authors: F. Khan, J. M. Einbinder, N. S. Seriff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

ORALLY ingested potassium iodide solution is frequently used in asthma and chronic bronchitis as an expectorant. The administration of iodides not uncommonly results in a large variety of dermatologic abnormalities known collectively as iododerma. These may include lesions that are vesicular, pustular, hemorrhagic, or urticarial. It has long been thought that the basis of these eruptions has been hypersensitivity, but such a mechanism has been difficult to prove. Within the past few years, however, several attempts to establish the role of allergy in the pathogenesis of such reactions have been successful.1 2 3 This paper describes a very unusual case of iododerma . . .
Computer Aids to Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Robert S. Ledley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The introduction of agriculture revolutionized ancient man's social, economic, and cultural potential. This was the first great step in the evolution of civilization. The more recent industrial revolution, which vastly increased man's productive capabilities, was the next great step and brought forth our present highly mechanized economic and interdependent social civilization. We are now on the threshold of still another kind of revolution, based on machines that greatly increase man's "thinking" capabilities of planning, analyzing, computing, and controlling. In speaking of the potentialities of computers in our civilization, Julian Huxley has noted that "greater realization of possibilities rather than higher productivity, fulfillment rather than efficiency, will become the overriding aim."<sup>1</sup>Computers promise to make readily available to the medical practitioner all the current results of medical research, all the current statistics on disease-symptom relationships, all the current techniques of medical testing and evaluation. In this sense, the computer can
THE PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECT OF MASSAGE
Authors: RALPH PEMBERTON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In connection with a study of arthritis and rheumatoid conditions, analysis has been attempted of some of the measures known to benefit them. Conspicuous among these measures are exercise, the application of external heat and massage. The use of massage and hydrotherapy dates from ancient times. The practice of each, however, has been mostly in the hands of persons untrained in medicine and not infrequently deficient in general education. Probably for this reason, in part, massage and hydrotherapy have received but little critical analysis as to the physiologic effects they produce, although their application to a host of disorders establishes them as among the most important and fundamental measures at our command. The wide use of external heat in the form of "bakes," hydrotherapy, mud baths, vapor baths and the like in the arthritic or rheumatoid syndrome leaves no room for doubt as to their beneficial influence. In a series