tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of blood glucose concentration in subjects with hypoglycaemic symptoms during everyday life.
Authors: O Snorgaard, C Binder
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To study the persistence of hypoglycaemic symptoms, changes in blood glucose concentrations, and the relation between reported symptoms and measured blood glucose values in functional hypoglycaemia. DESIGN--Re-evaluation of symptoms in patients admitted consecutively with suspected hypoglycaemia followed by a case-control study. SETTING--The Steno Memorial Hospital in Gentofte, Denmark, which specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of and research on endocrine disorders, including hypoglycaemia. PATIENTS--21 Subjects admitted consecutively with hypoglycaemic symptoms that were relieved by eating in whom insulinoma and other organic disorders presenting with hypoglycaemia had been ruled out. Twelve of these subjects with persistent symptoms entered the case-control study, as did a matched control group. INTERVENTIONS--Four days of monitoring blood glucose concentrations at home, six daily samples being taken in fixed relation to meals by the finger prick method. Extra samples were taken when symptoms occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Blood glucose concentration, glycated haemoglobin concentration, and within subject variation in measured values. RESULTS--After one to three years of observation 19 of the 21 subjects still had symptoms. Six out of 12 subjects experienced hypoglycaemic symptoms during the controlled study. Blood glucose concentration ranged from 3.7 mmol/l to 7.5 mmol/l during these episodes. Changes in blood glucose concentration, mean blood glucose concentrations at each time point, within subject variation in the measured values, and glycated haemoglobin concentration were not significantly different in all patients compared with the control subjects and in patients with symptoms during the study compared with controls. CONCLUSION--Hypoglycaemic symptoms during everyday life in apparently healthy subjects are persistent but are not related to chemical hypoglycaemia.
Denial of pregnancy: population based study
Authors: J. Wessel
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The prevalence of denial of pregnancy, a woman's lack of awareness of being pregnant, is not reliably known.Few studies describe large numbers of cases, 1 2 but descriptions of 27 and 28 patients at a single obstetric hospital led to estimates of one denied pregnancy in 300-600 pregnancies. 3 4However, these numbers were determined within a more or less random observation period and are lacking an epidemiological relevance.
THE TREATMENT OF UTERINE HAEMORRHAGE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY
Authors: J. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1921)

THR BzXTSeN 2 24 _I__ DICAL.of neo-natal life saving which lhas here its special terrain.There will, of course, be special difficulties, such as the maintenance of touclh between tlhe babies and tlleir mothers, but these are all capable of being overcome.Wlhen well enough the motlhers will-be welcomed in thle ward and taught the nursing of delicate -babies.The inmates will be all tlle babies born in the hospital or brought in from outside 'lwo call for special care because of injuries in labour, of delicacy of conistitution, of the presence of disease, or, and most particularly, of pre- maturity of birth.A special place and differentiated handling -will be afforded for the syphilitic babies and for those stifring from ophthalmia neotatorum.The age oft the babies dealt with in the neo-natal ward will correspond with the name of the department; but lhere it is necessary to add a ward of explanation.The ordinary neonate remains such for, roughly, a month' after birth; but the fetus born at the seventh month of ante-natal life does not conclude his neo-natal existence till three months after his birth.If this obvious fact had been more generally recognized and actedupon there would not nowi have been so mainy neo-natal deaths recorded; such deaths were really ante-natal and not neo-natal in time, although they fell accidentally after tlle act of birth.
CORONARY ARTERIAL 18F-NAF UPTAKE: A NOVEL MARKER OF PLAQUE BIOLOGY
Authors: Marc R. Dweck, Marcus WL Chow, Nikhil V. Joshi, Mlchelle C. Williams, Charlotte Jones, Alison M. Fletcher, Hamish Richardson, Audrey White, Graham McKillop, Edwin JR van Beek, Nicholas A. Boon, James HF Rudd, David E. Newby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Inadequate corticosterone levels relative to arthritic inflammation are accompanied by altered mitochondria/cholesterol breakdown in adrenal cortex: a steroid-inhibiting role of IL-1β in rats
Authors: Christine Wolff, Katharina Krinner, Josef A Schroeder, Rainer H Straub
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In rheumatoid arthritis, inadequate cortisol secretion was observed relative to inflammation, but reasons are unknown. Human adrenal glands cannot be investigated due to ethical reasons. Thus, a model of arthritis was studied to test inadequate glucocorticoid secretion and adrenocortical alterations. <h3>Methods</h3> Arthritis in DA rats was induced by collagen type II. Plasma hormone (cytokine) levels were determined by ELISA or radioimmunoassay (Luminex). Adrenocortical cells were investigated making use of in vitro culture, immunohistochemistry and imaging techniques, cholesterol uptake studies and electron microscopical morphological analyses of adrenocortical lipid droplets and mitochondria. <h3>Results</h3> During the course of arthritis, corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were only elevated on day 1 after immunisation but were in the normal range from day 5 to 55. Serum levels of corticosterone relative to IL-1β were markedly lower in arthritis than in controls. IL-1β inhibited ACTH-stimulated corticosterone secretion from adrenocortical cells in vitro. Cholesterol uptake receptor SR-BI protein was unchanged. Number of altered swollen and cavitated mitochondria increased during the course of arthritis (maximum on day 55), and this was correlated to reduced breakdown of lipid droplets and increased Sudan III-positive lipid accumulation from day 28 to 55. Reduced lipid breakdown measured as a high number of homogenous lipid droplets negatively correlated with plasma corticosterone (p=0.022). Adrenocortical tissue density of normal mitochondria positively correlated with serum corticosterone levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study on inadequate adrenal glucocorticoid secretion in arthritis demonstrated altered mitochondria and altered lipid breakdown paralleled by low corticosterone levels in relation to inflammation. IL-1β is a key cytokine.
Chronic Monarticular Arthritis
Authors: John G. Kuhns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

CHRONIC monarticular arthritis often presents difficulty in diagnosis. With insidious onset and gradually increasing disability, the history may be confusing and the clinical and laboratory findings indefinite. Roentgenologic and pathological examination in many cases suggests only chronic inflammation, with no clue concerning the original cause. With these patients, after diagnostic aids have been exhausted, one must sometimes wait and observe the further course of the articular inflammation to determine its etiology. Until a diagnosis is made, treatment must be symptomatic and should be directed to the relief of symptoms and the prevention of further disability.Fortunately, chronic inflammation in only . . .
THE EFFECT OF PASSIVE HYPEREMIA OF THE LIVER ON TUBERCLE FORMATION
Authors: S. A. LEVINSON
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Clinicians have frequently observed that patients with a passive congestion in the lung due either to a heart condition, or resulting from a pulmonary condition, rarely develop clinical evidences of tuberculosis. A recent exposition of this view was put forward by Sewall,<sup>1</sup>who described patients with labile vasomotor systems as well as with symptoms of neurasthenia. On physical and roentgen-ray examination, these patients reveal slight sclerosis of the hilum lymph nodes and upper bronchial radiations. These findings, Sewall asserts, are due to a "subtle intoxication" by the tubercle bacillus; they are nonprogressive, and most of the subjects of this toxemia never develop clinical tuberculosis. Passive congestion in the lungs may result from a variety of clinical conditions. Very commonly, pulmonary irritation may occur in the form of bronchitis due to a degeneration in some part of the circulatory system. The lung vessels become engorged and the surface epithelial cells
Isolated Tricuspid Insufficiency
Authors: JACOB R. MORGAN, ALAN D. FORKER
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Isolated tricuspid insufficiency can be a well-tolerated lesion, as illustrated by a 32-year follow-up in one patient reported here. A second case of recent onset is also described. The 13 reported cases of isolated tricuspid insufficiency due to trauma can be divided into two groups: ruptured papillary muscle or ruptured chordae tendineae and/or valve. All patients with ruptured papillary muscle were dead or had surgery within 4 months after trauma. The earliest surgery in the chordae tendineae group was 1½ years after trauma. Physical findings in isolated tricuspid insufficiency are distinctive; the electrocardiogram usually shows incomplete right bundle-branch block, and the chest roentgenogram shows cardiomegaly. Indicator-dilution curves from the right atrium and pulmonary artery are useful for confirmation of the diagnosis. Surgery is indicated when papillary muscles are ruptured, but conservative treatment is probably usually indicated in the other patients.
Clinical Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Denise Frias-Hidvegi
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The second edition of this book contains 450 text pages, 713 black-and-white pictures, and 207 color plates, the latter increased more than twofold. Similar to the previous edition are chapters on head, neck, and regional nodes, thyroid, salivary glands, breast, pelvis, prostate, testis, melanoma and skin, soft-tissue tumors, bone, and the central nervous system. Six new authors contribute. The first, introductory chapter has been expanded and the old second chapter, "Imaging Techniques in Aspiration Biopsy," has been abolished and its material incorporated in other chapters. The chapter on aspiration biopsy of the thorax has new authors and includes new subjects such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cost analyses and is succinct and informative. Likewise, the chapter on lymph nodes and spleen newly incorporates material on AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. The section on liver in the chapter on the abdomen has been improved. New is the chapter "Advances in Cytology,"
SYNANON FOUNDATION—A RADICAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF ADDICTION
Authors: MARSHALL S. CHERKAS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

Synanon is a relatively new, voluntary, private and non-profit experimental organization which has created a therapeutic program for narcotic addicts with limited goals. In a sense, a kind of unique, separate and transient society is provided for the addict wherein he can live and mature free from drugs. Struggling for existence and status, it has nevertheless provided some interesting concepts and techniques for dealing with the problems of narcotics addiction. Although Synanon has sought to maintain its identity by sometimes overlooking the efforts of other researchers in this area, it nevertheless merits considerable attention for its own methods and theoretical constructions which may hopefully evolve through scientific research.
Abstract 1923: The mTOR kinase inhibitor, CC214, preferentially blocks the growth of EGFRvIII-activated glioblastomas
Authors: Beatrice Gini, Deliang Guo, David Nathanson, David Shackelford, Shaojun Zhu, Huijun Yang, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Ivan Babic, David Akhavan, Bruno Bonetti, Deborah Mortensen, Shuichan Xu, Heather Raymon, Rajesh Chopra, Paul Mischel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract mTOR pathway hyper activation is a common feature in many cancers, including in nearly 90% of Glioblastomas. mTOR exists in two multiprotein complexes, which differ in regulation, function, and response to the allosteric mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. The failure of glioblastomas to clinically respond to rapamycin appears to be mediated both by inability of rapamycin to inhibit mTORC2 signaling, and by failure to fully suppress p4E-BP1, a critical effector of mTORC1. The new generation of mTOR kinase inhibitors (mTORki) has emerged as a new class of targeted cancer therapies capable of blocking mTOR more potently than rapalogs (such as Rapamycin). Here we demonstrate that CC214-1 and CC214-2, mTOR kinase inhibitors, have potent effects on the growth of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. Across a panel of GBM cell lines, CC214-1 was significantly more effective at suppressing 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and protein translation, and mTORC2 signaling than rapamycin, resulting in significantly more growth inhibition at equal levels of suppression of S6 phosphorylation. EGFRvIII, the constitutively active EGFR mutant frequently detected in GBMs strongly activates mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling, potently sensitizing tumors to CC214-1. In contrast, PTEN expression suppressed mTOR signaling and reduced the response to CC214-1. In vivo CC214-2 significantly inhibited mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling, significantly suppressing tumor growth by 50%. CC214-1 also potently activated autophagy. Addition of chloroquine suppressed autophagy resulting in significant CC214-1-dependent apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate the potential activity of mTOR kinase inhibitors in GBM, and identify EGFRvIII expression and PTEN loss as molecular determinants of response. These data also suggest that mTOR kinase inhibitors, alone or in combination with autophagy inhibiting agents, are likely to have significant anti-tumor efficacy in GBM patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1923. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1923
Sequential tumor and dual immune targeted immunotherapy: anti-lymphoma activity of Rituximab with 4-1bb stimulation and PD-1 blockade
Authors: Antonia MS Mueller, Jonathan Hebb, Idit Sagiv-Barfi, Aurelien Marabelle, Roch Houot, Amanda Rajapaksa, Debra K Czerwinski, Serena Chang, Cariad Chester, Mohith Sadaram, Erin Waller, Ronald Levy, Holbrook Kohrt
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts To select maximally-efficacious, minimally-toxic regimens of combination tumor- and immune-targeted therapy, preclinical testing in immune-competent models is required. We previously demonstrated 4-1bb(CD137) stimulation augmented the innate immune response mediated by CD137+
New weapons against inflammation: dual inhibitors of phospholipase A2 and transglutaminase
Authors: Lucio Miele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Despite decades of research, corticosteroids and NSAIDs remain the main pharmacological weapons to control inflammation in the clinic.Unfortunately, these drugs have significant side effects, especially when used chronically.Consequently, there is tremendous interest in the development of novel, safer, and more effective anti-inflammatory drugs.Most antiinflammatory agents directly or indirectly inhibit the formation or the effects of arachidonic acid metabolites collectively known as eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, endoperoxides, and other mediators) (Table 1).It has long been recognized that inhibition of phospholipase A 2 -catalyzed (PLA 2 -catalyzed) arachidonic acid release from cell-membrane glycerophospholipids could potentially block the synthesis of all eicosanoids.The vast PLA 2 enzyme family includes cellular isoforms involved in signal transduction, such as three cellular isoforms of PLA 2 (cPLA 2 s), and ten secretory isoforms of PLA 2 (sPLA 2 s) (1).Various sPLA 2 isoforms participate in digestive physiology, antimicrobial defense, and inflammation.The cPLA 2 s, and sPLA 2 s IIA and V, play key roles in arachidonic-acid release during acute inflamma-
Results Obtained with Surgical Biopsy of the Pancreas
Authors: G. Lux, E. Lux
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

Laparoscopic pancreoscopy offers the possibility of carrying out endoscopic pancreatic biopsy. Previously, the removal of tissue specimens from the pancreas was possible only at surgery and was associated with a mortality rate of 3.8% and a complication rate of up to 20%. The percentage of false negative results was between 12% and 54% with a mean figure of 35%. With the introduction of fine needle biopsy (Kifa-Franzen instrumentarium), pancreatic biopsy seems to have become a low-risk and diagnostically useful method which should also be utilized endoscopically.
Metastatic Carcinoma Simulating Gout
Authors: David A. Bevan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THERE IS wisdom in demanding that the clinical diagnosis of gout, based on symptoms and signs, be confirmed by the demonstration of intracellular monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid or tissues. The following case report details an instance in which metastatic carcinoma was responsible for acute monarthritis misinterpreted as an acute gouty attack. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 67-year-old man was first seen in the Arthritis Center because of pain in the left ankle and hindfoot. This pain, accompanied by swelling and redness, had begun six weeks previously, and the family physician was consulted. The roentgenogram showed only soft-tissue swelling (Fig 1), and serum uric acid was said to be "elevated." Because of the conjunction of acute monarthritis and hyperuricemia, the physician concluded that the patient had gout, advocated crutches to relieve weight bearing, and prescribed phenylbutazone and allopurinol. When scant improvement occurred during the next six weeks, rheumatologic consultation
Hajj and the risk of influenza
Authors: A Rashid Gatrad, Shuja Shafi, Ziad A Memish, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Objective</h3> To assess the prevalence of brain MRI abnormalities in people with epilepsy in rural China and to compare it with that of individuals in the United Kingdom. <h3>Methods</h3> Brain MRI scans were obtained in people with epilepsy who participated in a rural community-based program in China between July 2010 and December 2012. Individual epileptogenic lesion types were reviewed and their associations with seizure control examined. The MRI findings were compared with 2 previous similar studies in the United Kingdom. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 597 individuals (58% male, median age 38 years) with MRI scans analyzed, 488 (82%) had active epilepsy. The MRI was abnormal in 389 individuals (65%), with potentially epileptogenic lesion in 224 (38%) and nonspecific abnormalities in 165 (28%), and 108 (18%) were potentially resectable. The potentially epileptogenic lesions were less frequently detected in children (&lt;18 years old, 12 of 68, 18%) than in adults (212 of 529, 40%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In people with potentially epileptogenic lesions, 67% (150 of 224) had failed ≥2 antiseizure medications. They had higher risk of uncontrolled epilepsy than those with normal MRI (risk ratio [RR] 1.25; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and those with nonspecific abnormality (RR 1.15; <i>p</i> = 0.002) after adjustment for age and sex. The diagnostic yield of MRI was similar to that reported in community- and hospital-based studies in the United Kingdom. <h3>Conclusions</h3> More than one-third of people with chronic epilepsy in rural China have potentially epileptogenic lesions identifiable on brain MRI, with two-thirds fulfilling the definition of pharmacoresistance. These findings highlight the magnitude of the unmet needs for epilepsy surgery in China.
Nine private hospitals should be sold to increase competition, says commission
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK Competition Commission has dropped an idea to impose price controls on private hospital operators to curb profiteering. But its proposal that two big private health groups should sell nine of their hospitals to open up the market has angered both companies.

BMI Healthcare said that the commission’s provisional decision that it should sell seven hospitals in London, the home counties, and the north west of England was “unjustified” and “based on flawed analysis.”

HCA International, which runs 29 hospitals and health centres in England, mostly in London, said that it would fight an order to sell its London Bridge and Princess Grace hospitals in central London, saying the recommendation was “plainly wrong.”

The commission announced its …
HIV Testing of Pregnant Women and Newborns
Authors: Robert M. Wachter
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by the Working Group on HIV Testing of Pregnant Women and Newborns<sup>1</sup>is a useful contribution to the public discourse regarding testing. However, we must voice our strong dissent over the Working Group's categorical rejection of "targeted" approaches to the dissemination of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) information and screening. Although the authors acknowledge the important role of testing and education in decreasing the spread of HIV infection and in informing infected individuals of the availability of effective therapies, they eschew "targeting" the "poor women and children of color living in the inner cities of a few metropolitan areas" because "targeting by sociodemographic criteria is... invidiously discriminatory...." Instead, the authors recommend informing and testing everyone. If resources were unlimited, such an approach might be workable. While it is undoubtedly true that poor women and children of color are subject to discrimination and that a targeted
HIV testing. State of the art
Authors: E. M. Sloand
Journal: JAMA (1991)

TECHNOLOGY for detecting the antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), was first licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1985. Since then, the spread of the AIDS epidemic from subpopulations, such as male homosexuals, drug abusers sharing contaminated needles, and female prostitutes, to other people with less obvious risk factors has underscored the need for accurate testing to detect infection with HIV-1. The appreciation that people who test positive for HIV-1 can infect others<sup>1,2</sup>and the demonstration that infected individuals can benefit from early detection and treatment<sup>3-5</sup>have further accentuated this need. Although the first test developed was extremely effective in detecting HIV-1 in patients with AIDS, developing tests for screening healthy people has presented a different challenge. A test that could detect small amounts of HIV-1 early in asymptomatic persons and a confirmatory test
Leukaemia Following Radioiodine Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: E. E. Pochin
Journal: BMJ (1960)

BDIAm 1545 by comparing the children's names with the list of names of all the children who had died of leukaemia in Britain between 1945 and 1958.Altogether information was obtained about 39,166 liveborn children whose mothers were known to have been subjected to abdominal or pelvic irradiation during their pregnancy.Among their children, nine were dis- covered to have died of leukaemia before the end of 1958.The expected number was estimated to be 10.5.There was no evidence of any disproportionate occurrence of leukaemia among the children who had been most heavily irradiated nor among the children who had been irradiated early in intrauterine life.Published data on the leukaemogenic effect of irradiation in ittero are conflicting.It is concluded that an increase of leukaemia among children due to radio- graphic examination of their mother's abdomen during the relevant pregnancy is not established.We are most grateful to the Registrars-General for England and Wales and for Scotland and to the individual registrars and local authorities who assisted us in obtaining information from the birth and death registers; to