tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E therapy in patients with NASH
Authors: Masashi Yoneda, Takenao Hasegawa, Kimihide Nakamura, Masasya Tamano, Toru Kono, Akira Terano
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Kugelmas et al.,1 reporting plasma cytokine levels in patients with NASH and the effect of diet and vitamin E on this disease. They found that plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 8, and interleukin 6 concentrations were significantly elevated compared with control values, and only plasma interleukin 6 levels significantly decreased with diet therapy. This article further reported that vitamin E therapy did not independently influence the biochemical data and plasma cytokine levels in patients with NASH. We previously investigated the plasma transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) level and the efficacy of vitamin E in patients with NASH.2 We enrolled 12 patients with NASH and 10 with fatty liver. All patients were given dietary instruction for 6 months, and thereafter vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate, Juvera™, Eisai Pharmaceutical Co., Tokyo, Japan, 300 mg/day; 100 mg is equivalent to 100 IU) was given for 1 year. In consequence, the plasma TGF-β1 level in patients with NASH (37 ± 5 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that in patients with fatty liver (10 ± 4 ng/ml) and healthy subjects (9 ± 5 ng/ml). Moreover, this elevated plasma TGF-β1 level decreased after a 1-year vitamin E treatment, together with the improvement of biochemical markers and hepatic pathological findings (Table 1). In 5 out of 9 NSAH patients in whom liver biopsy was performed after vitamin E treatment, inflammation and fibrosis were improved. On the other hand, diet therapy improved biochemical data only in patients with fatty liver, but not in those with NASH. We conducted our previous study to assess the efficacy of a long-term vitamin E treatment (a 1-year vitamin E administration after a 6-month diet). However, in the studies performed by Kugelmas et al.,1 vitamin E was given for only 12 weeks and the patients were given diet therapy at the same time. In fact, Kugelmas et al.1 mentioned that longer study duration might have shown the efficacy of vitamin E on NASH. However, we had already reported the efficacy of a 12-month treatment of vitamin E on NASH. Moreover, long-term treatment with vitamin E for patients with NASH was tried for obese children and Japanese adults, and the beneficial effect of this vitamin has already been confirmed.3, 4 In addition, the NIH plans to conduct randomized controlled trials of insulin-sensitizing agents and vitamin E therapy for NASH.5 Although the role of tumor necrosis factor is currently debated in the literature,6, 7 elevated blood level of TGF-β has recently been ascertained.8 The role of TGF-β1 in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis has been well documented in both animal and clinical studies.9, 10 Therefore, for better understanding of the cytokine network in NASH, we believe that the investigation of plasma TGF-β1 is essential, as well as long-term observation of vitamin E treatment.
Cyclosporin in less common immune-mediated skin diseases
Authors: T. RUZICKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Cyclosporin represents a major step forward in the systemic treatment of various dermatoses. Psoriasis vulgaris and atopic eczema, the two major indications for the drug, are dealt with elsewhere in this issue. Therefore, this short review will focus on less common inflammatory skin diseases.
956 PHARMACOKINETICS, TOLERABILITY AND EFFECT OF FOOD ON HCV POLYMERASE INHIBITOR ABT-333 FOLLOWING SINGLE ASCENDING DOSES IN HEALTHY ADULT VOLUNTEERS
Authors: R. Menon, D. Cohen, A. Nada, E. Olson Dumas, Y.-L. Chiu, T. Podsadecki, W. Awni, B. Bernstein, C. Klein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
LAT-mediated signaling in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell development
Authors: Surapong Koonpaew, Shudan Shen, Lawrence Flowers, Weiguo Zhang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Engagement of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) induces formation of signaling complexes mediated through the transmembrane adaptor protein, the linker for activation of T cells (LAT). LAT plays an important role in T cell development, activation, and homeostasis. A knock-in mutation at Tyr136, which is the phospholipase C (PLC)-γ1–binding site in LAT, leads to a severe autoimmune disease in mice. In this study, we show that CD4+CD25+ T reg cells that expressed Foxp3 transcription factor were nearly absent in both thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs of LATY136F mice. This defect was not a result of the autoimmune environment as LATY136F T reg cells also failed to develop in healthy LAT−/− mice that received mixed wild-type and LATY136F bone marrow cells. Moreover, adoptive transfer of normal CD4+CD25+ T reg cells protected neonatal LATY136F mice from developing this disease. These T reg cells effectively controlled expansion of CD4+ T cells in LATY136F mice likely via granzymes and/or TGF-β–mediated suppression. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Foxp3 conferred a suppressive function in LATY136F T cells. Our data indicate that the LAT–PLC-γ1 interaction plays a critical role in Foxp3 expression and the development of CD4+CD25+ T reg cells
Tetracycline for Acne
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The question: Are there risks in long-term,  tetracycline therapy of acne vulgaris? (228:899, 1974) was referred (diverted? detoured?) to two gynecologists, an internist, a clinical pharmacologist, and two pharmacologists.  The gynecologists led off: They gave crisp answers concluding that tetracycline causes very little trouble.  This was followed by the heavy hitters who struck out gloriously, though not without form, as becomes those who are asked to bat with a hockey stick in a baseball game.  The internist really deserved to have gotten to first base since he did concede that the benefits outweigh the risks. But his stance at the first pitch was sensational. I experienced indescribable sensations when he remarked that low-dose tetracycline therapy for bullous acne [is] an acceptable modality. Almost every known skin disease has bullous variants, but I must say that I have never heard of an acne patient whose lesions consisted
Recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor activates intracellular killing of Leishmania donovani by human monocyte-derived macrophages.
Authors: W Y Weiser, A Van Niel, S C Clark, J R David, H G Remold
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) obtained from cloned complementary Mo cell DNA and expressed in COS-1 cells activates cultured peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro to become cytotoxic for intracellular L. donovani. The antileishmanial effect of rGM-CSF, which can be completely neutralized by anti-rGM-CSF antiserum, is maximal after 36 h preincubation with the cultured macrophages, compared with that of rIFN-gamma, which reaches its maximum at 72 h of preincubation. The antileishmanial effect of GM-CSF as well as IFN-gamma is independent of detectable amounts of LPS and is not augmented by the addition of 10 or 50 ng/ml of LPS. Simultaneous administration of suboptimal doses of rGM-CSF and rIFN-gamma to monocyte-derived macrophages results in greater antileishmanial activity by these cells than administration of either lymphokine alone, although no enhancement of antileishmanial activity is observed when optimal doses of these two lymphokines are applied together.
Products in "Bounty bags" potentially harm newborn skin
Authors: M. Ridd, R. Guy, N. Ball, A. Roberts, H. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We agree with McCartney that allowing commercial organisations direct access to new mothers through “Bounty bags” is unacceptable.1 MR recently witnessed the giving out of these bags, which starts with “Have you had your free Bounty bag yet?,” quickly followed by “The pack contains the form for you to claim child benefit,” “Can I take some details?,” and the offer …
Ethical Questions about Pay for Research
Authors: Irvine H. Page
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 March 1990Ethical Questions about Pay for ResearchIrvine H. Page, MDIrvine H. Page, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-112-6-472_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Part 2 of The American College of Physicians' Ethics Manual (1) is first-rate throughout. Even I cannot find fault with it. I come from the school where a researcher was largely a "hired hand." I fear that not enough researchers will see the report; it needs wider distribution in purely scientifically oriented journals.One problem not discussed that needs guidelines is the question of pay for the scientific investigator. This problem is becoming bigger and bigger as more research is being financed by industry as well as through the usual sources. For example, should some investigators receive...Reference1. . American College of Physicians ethics manual. Part 2: The physician and society; research; life-sustaining treatment; other issues. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:327-35. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Irvine H. Page, MDAffiliations: 100 Longwood Avenue Hyannis Port, MA 02647 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1990Volume 112, Issue 6Page: 472-472KeywordsFear ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 March 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Framework for Capturing Clinical Data Sets from Computerized Sources
Authors: Clement J. McDonald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

The pressure to improve health care and provide better care at a lower cost has generated the need for efficient capture of clinical data. Many data sets are now being defined to analyze health care. Historically, review and research organizations have simply determined what data they wanted to collect, developed forms, and then gathered the information through chart review without regard to what is already available institutionally in computerized databases. Today, much electronic patient information is available in operational data systems (for example, laboratory systems, pharmacy systems, and surgical scheduling systems) and is accessible by agencies and organizations through standards for messages, codes, and encrypted electronic mail. Such agencies and organizations should define the elements of their data sets in terms of standardized operational data, and data producers should fully adopt these code and message standards. The Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set and the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors provide examples of how this can be done.
Preparing a leaflet for patient education.
Authors: M H Stone
Journal: BMJ (1982)

reticular neurones.5There is now known to exist in the reticular formation a collection of noradrenergic neurones with widespread afferent connections from both somatic and visceral sources.These neurones send axones upwards to the hypothalamus and neuro- hypophysis and downwards to the sympa- thetic outflow in the lateral columns of the spinal cord.6It is when bacterial toxins gain access to the diencephalon that their most severe and widespread peripheral effects occur.The late James Reilly's claim to fame will most probably rest on his demonstration that all bacterial toxins, despite their specific anti- genic properties, produce virtually the same acute non-specific pathological lesions through a common affinity for sympathetic nervous tissue, which reach their maximum intensity on entering the blood stream and reaching the central nervous system.7Such affinity was vividly illustrated in Reilly's laboratory by Guy Tardieu, who by intraventricular injection of 0 005 g of typhoid endotoxin into dogs produced an immediate typhoid state, accompanied by fever, loss of weight, albuminuria, and raised blood urea, together with "abundant liquid diarrhoea."8This abundant liquid diarrhoea must surely be the result of centrally induced vascular or endocrine activity, or both.It is reasonable to suggest, therefore, that the ability of chlorpromazine to reduce similar symptoms in patients with cholera is more likely to be related to a central than a peripheral action.
Cholera
Authors: Eugene J. Gangarosa
Journal: JAMA (1974)

RECENT events have focused renewed attention on cholera as a source of health concern for the United States. During the last week in August 1973, cholera outbreaks occurred in several cities in Italy. More than 200 cases with 23 deaths had been reported by the end of September. This represents a further westward extension of the pandemic of El Tor cholera that, in recent years, has spread from Asia through the Middle East to most of Africa and, on occasion, to Europe. In 1971, Spain and Portugal experienced outbreaks of cholera resulting from cases imported from Africa. In the past few years, more than 100 imported cases have been reported from various other European countries without evidence of subsequent spread. On Aug 25, 1973, a case of cholera occurred in Calhoun County, Texas.<sup>1</sup>The diagnosis was suspected by an alert physician. As a result, the patient, a 51-year-old man,
The Psychology of Time
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Often we ask, "What time is it?" But in this book the author asks, "Time, what is it?" While the question has puzzled philosophers for centuries ( and some of their answers are quoted and discussed), the main topic of this book is the perception and handling of time by humans and lower animals. Fraisse synthesizes material from many sources, including experimental psychology, anthropology, psychoanalysis, neurology, and the observation of children. He tells us such interesting facts as, that 52% of the members of an African tribe said that they would prefer to receive five pounds sterling now rather than fifty pounds in a year, and that most children cannot use words like "yesterday" or "tomorrow" correctly until the age of five. Although this book is addressed to psychologists, it can also be read and enjoyed by physicians and other general readers. The translation from the original French is graceful. The
Inappropriate Use of Oral Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Thomas R. Frieden
Journal: JAMA (1990)

More than $2.4 billion is spent annually on oral antibiotics. Their inappropriate use is common, and newer ones offer expanded and expensive opportunities for abuse. Ciprofloxacin, an oral quinolone with systemic absorption and broad antimicrobial spectrum, illustrates this pattern. Since its release in the US in October 1987, ciprofloxacin has rapidly become one of the most frequently prescribed oral antibiotics. We have observed widespread inappropriate use of ciprofloxacin and describe several patterns of misuse. The activity of ciprofloxacin against streptococci, anaerobic organisms, and<i>Mycoplasma</i>ranges from intermediate to poor. Properly used, ciprofloxacin can extend the range of oral therapy. However, ciprofloxacin is inappropriate initial therapy for common outpatient infections, including otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, and pneumonia. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1438-1440)
Foreign Body in the Hand
Authors: J. I. Burn, P. H. N. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1957)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA EDICALJONA Microscopical examination of the scrapings from the hand revealed fungi, but unfortunately no attempt at culture was made.When the crusts had been removed several kerion lesions the size of a shilling were seen and a diagnosis of "cattle ringworm" was made, although there was no ap-
ABC of heart failure: Heart failure in general practice
Authors: F D R Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Management of heart failure in general practice has been hampered by difficulties in diagnosing the condition and by perceived difficulties in starting and monitoring treatment in the community. Nevertheless, improved access to diagnostic testing and increased confidence in the safety of treatment should help to improve the primary care management of heart failure. With improved survival and reduced admission rates (achieved by effective treatment) and a reduction in numbers of hospital beds, the community management of heart failure is likely to become increasingly important and the role of general practitioners even more crucial.

Heart failure affects at least 20 patients on the average general practitioner's list 



Diagnostic algorithm for suspected heart failure in primary care. Based on guidance from the north of England evidence based guideline development project (see key references box)



Heart failure is a difficult condition to diagnose clinically, and hence many patients thought to have heart failure by their general practitioners may not have any demonstrable abnormality of cardiac function on objective testing.

A study from Finland reported that only 32% of patients suspected of having heart failure by primary care doctors had definite heart failure (as determined by a clinical and radiographic scoring system). A recent study in the United Kingdom showed that only 29% of 122 patients referred to a “rapid access” clinic with a new diagnosis of heart failure fully met the definition of heart failure approved by the European Society of Cardiology—that is, appropriate symptoms, objective evidence of cardiac dysfunction, and response to treatment if doubt remained.

Similar findings have been reported in the echocardiographic heart of England screening (ECHOES) study, in which only about 22% of the patients with a diagnosis of heart failure in their general practice records had definite impairment of left ventricular systolic function on echocardiography, with a further …
Administration of bronchodilator to young children.
Authors: S C Shore, E G Weinberg
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Riot Control Agent SIR,-In your leading article (7 July, p. 5) it vws reported that an improvement on the riot control CS gas is on the way.It is code-named CR and, being of low toxicity but extremely irritant to skin, eyes, nose and throat, only very little would cause con- siderable pain and discomfort.In the article there was no expression of concern or disgust that oral LD 5 tests were done on animals to test the toxicity of the compound.If a dose of very low toxicity can cause such acute symptoms when applied to the skin and mucous membranes it seems quite possible that doses of high, lethal, toxicity, even when given by other routes, will cause severe pain and distress.Does medical ethics approve the use of animals in this way in testing substances which only our own folly have made necessary?-Iam, etc., J. D. WHITTALL Rye, Sussex Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome with Pericarditis SIR,-We were interested in the case re- ported by Drs.J. A. Utting and D. R. Shreeve (9 June, p. 591) of a patient with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and pericarditis.Their statement that "no cases with prominent friction rubs due to the micro- angiopathy have previously been described" is not correct.In 1972 we reported1 a case of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and nmicroan- giepathy in a woman with a hydatidiform mole who had a strong pericardial rub and who recovered with heparin therapy.This rub also was unrelated to uraemia.-Weare, etc.,
Pathogenicity of the intercellular antibodies of pemphigus and their periodic removal from the circulation by plasmapheresis
Authors: V. RUOCCO, A. ROSSI, G. ARGENZIANO, C. ASTARITA, L. ALVIGGI, B. FARZATI, G. PAPALEO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The authors are convinced that the intercellular antibodies of pemphigus are pathogenic. Consequently periodic plasmapheresis in two patients with pemphigus has been performed to remove the antibodies from the circulation. After larger plasma-exchanges there was a decrease of the antibody titre and a parallel improvement of the clinical condition.
Preferences of Patients With Advanced Cancer for Hospice Care
Authors: Rudolph M. Navari, Carol B. Stocking, Mark Siegler
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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