tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diuretics and Coronary Heart Disease-Reply
Authors: A. Helgeland, I. Hjermann, I. Holme, P. G. Lund-Larsen, P. Leren
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We could not agree more with Drs Moser and Gifford. The reported adverse effect of diuretics for the treatment of mild hypertension in patients with certain minorECG abnormalities needs to be viewed with caution. We also agree that all adequately designed hypertension studies using diuretics have shown a reduction in morbidity and mortality from pressure complications such as stroke, but not from CHD, and that is just the point. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program study<sup>1</sup>that is mentioned cannot help to solve this question because of its lack of an untreated control group. In the Australian study<sup>2</sup>which we believe is the best designed randomized trial in mild hypertension, no beneficial effect of thiazides on the incidence of acute myocardial infarction could be demonstrated: 33 cases of acute myocardial infection were observed in each group. Vague indications of a possible adverse effect on CHD
The view from the top
Authors: S. McGregor
Journal: BMJ (1995)

It took me two years to come to terms with my cancer and another to lay it aside. My cancer had changed me, it frightened me, and it made me angry, but after three years I had laid it to rest. Then once more my life fell apart. I was having an ultrasound when it became obvious that all was not well. The radiologist told me that he saw what he was sure was a recurrence.

He touched my hand and said that he was sorry. I wanted to jump up and run away, but instead I talked about how strong I was. I could readily cope with chemotherapy. I had to get back to the department where I worked, I desperately wanted treatment as soon as possible. I telephoned my colleagues. I had to find a consultant. I needed help now. How could I be dying? I did not feel ill. I tried to listen to my body, but all I heard was my fear. I had my scan and was given a copy of the films to take to my own department for rapid reporting.

I returned to work that afternoon and somehow I put one foot in front of the other, treated my patients, and pretended that all was well. A telephone call later that afternoon brought me back to …
ELICITATION OF DELAYED ALLERGIC SKIN REACTIONS WITH HAPTENS: THE DEPENDENCE OF ELICITATION ON HAPTEN COMBINATION WITH PROTEIN
Authors: Herman N. Eisen, Leo Orris, Sidney Belman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Eight 2,4-dinitrophenyl compounds with a high degree of configurational uniformity were examined in regard to their ability to elicit delayed allergic skin reactions in guinea pigs and men who had been sensitized by previous exposure to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene. Four of the eight compounds produced reactions (elicitors) and four others did not (non-elicitors). It was found that the elicitors combined with protein in vitro and in vivo. The non-elicitors, however, failed to combine in either situation. It is concluded that a necessary condition for the elicitation of delayed allergic skin reactions by haptens is the combination of the latter with skin protein through the formation of bonds of the covalent type. No choice is yet possible amongst the several possible explanations which are advanced to account for the obligatory character of protein combination.
Linkage Analysis between the Major Histocompatibility System and Insulin-dependent Diabetes in Families with Patients in Two Consecutive Generations
Authors: Jose Barbosa, M. Myra Chern, V. Elving Anderson, Harriet Noreen, Sandra Johnson, Nancy Reinsmoen, Ronald McCarty, Richard King, Leonard Greenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have histocompatibility (HLA) genotyped 28 families with insulin-dependent diabetics in two or more consecutive generations, usually parent and child. This strategy of ascertainment was used to maximize the likelihood of obtaining a homogeneous type of disease within a family, and an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. 76 diabetics and 169 nondiabetics were studied in these families. The frequencies of the antigens Dw3 and Dw4, and the genotype Dw3/Dw4 among the diabetics are 59, 68, and 30%, respectively, as compared with 15, 12, and 2% in normal controls, and 43, 41, and 10% in the nondiabetic relatives of the diabetics. Dw2 is present in only one diabetic (4%), as compared with 18% in normal controls and 17% in nondiabetic relatives.HLA haplotype concordance was analyzed for sib pairs in relation to the haplotype shared by the affected parent/child pair, and for the diabetic sib pairs within each sibship. The results failed to reveal deviations in the expected HLA haplotype assortment. Assuming an autosomal dominant mode and several penetrance levels, linkage analysis between the HLA and diabetes was performed. The total lod score is 0.37 for a recombination fraction of 0.29 at 50% penetrance. Although the linkage and concordance analysis results are inconclusive, they seem to be different from those reported by us for families with normal parents and two or more diabetic sibs. Because ascertainment biases may have influenced these results in an unquantifiable manner, it is not certain whether the two types of families are genetically different. However, the marked difference in the lod scores for the 50% penetrant autosomal recessive model between the two types of families is compatible with a genetic dissimilarity between them. The high frequency of the Dw3 and Dw4 antigens, the Dw3/Dw4 genotype, and the decreased frequency of Dw2, however, indicate the existence of two or more important diabetic genetic factors associated with the D region of the HLA in these families.
TINEA PEDIS IN A GROUP OF SCHOOLCHILDREN.
Authors: MARY J. MARPLES, EILEEN N. CHAPMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1959)

Journal Article TINEA PEDIS IN A GROUP OF SCHOOLCHILDREN. Get access MARY J. MARPLES, MARY J. MARPLES Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar EILEEN N. CHAPMAN EILEEN N. CHAPMAN Medical School, University of Otago, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 71, Issue 12, 1 December 1959, Pages 413–421, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1959.tb13377.x Published: 01 December 1959
Abstract LB-95: Inhibition of CXCR4/Stat3 signaling by AMD3465 exerts major tumor- and metastasis-suppressive effects in syngenic 4T1 breast cancer model
Authors: Xiaoyang Ling, Erika L. Spaeth, Yue-xi Shi, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Stromal-derived factor-1 α (SDF-1α, also termed CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 have been shown to play important roles in hematopoietic stem cell homing, and high expression of CXCR4 has been associated with poor prognosis in hematologic malignancies. The CXCR4/SDF-1α axis is also functional in solid tumors, including breast cancer. It has been postulated that Stat3 may promote metastases in breast cancer through direct interaction with CXCR4, promoting tumor growth and survival. Phosphorylated Stat3 was found to trigger overexpression or activation of several potent oncoproteins. In order to evaluate the role of CXCR4 in metastases, we used the specific CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3465, to block CXCR4 in the syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer model. Stat3, Akt, Erk1/2, Jak2 and MMP9 activity was found to be almost completely inhibited and expression levels of GSK-3β and cMyc were greatly reduced. Growth of 4T1 cells orthotopically implanted into the mammary fat pad as well as pulmonary and liver metastases were significantly (&amp;gt;95%) reduced in vivo when AMD3465 was given as continuous infusion at a dose of 428.57μg/mouse/day over 14 days. Furthermore, we observed that CXCR4 inhibition by AMD3465 significantly reduced lung metastases in three immunocompetent syngeneic mouse models after surgical resection of the primary breast tumors. This experimental design mimics current clinical treatment strategies. Kozin et al. (Cancer Research 70: 5679–85; 2010) recently suggested that CD11b+ myeloid/monocytic cells (a cell type implicated in supporting angiogenesis) may play a role in tumor re-growth in response to SDF-1 α. In support of this observation, we observed significantly reduced CD11b+ cells in lungs, livers and spleens (P&amp;lt;0.01 for all 3 organs) following treatment with AMD3465, as compared to PBS controls. Hence, our data suggest that pharmacological CXCR4 inhibition in breast cancer-bearing mice following primary tumor resection is well tolerated and potently controls the development of distant metastatic lesions. In conclusion, interruption of the SDF-1/CXCR4/Stat3 signaling axis by the CXCR4-specific inhibitor, AMD3465, effectively inhibits pulmonary and hepatic breast cancer metastasis via disruption of intracellular microenvironment mediated signaling in breast cancer cells and through effects on CD11b+ tumor infiltrating myeloid cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-95. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-95
Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatic cells†
Authors: Jun Cai, Yang Zhao, Yanxia Liu, Fei Ye, Zhihua Song, Han Qin, Sha Meng, Yuezhou Chen, Rudan Zhou, Xijun Song, Yushan Guo, Mingxiao Ding, Hongkui Deng
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The differentiation capacity of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) holds great promise for therapeutic applications. We report a novel three-stage method to efficiently direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into hepatic cells in serum-free medium. Human ESCs were first differentiated into definitive endoderm cells by 3 days of Activin A treatment. Next, the presence of fibroblast growth factor-4 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the culture medium for 5 days induced efficient hepatic differentiation from definitive endoderm cells. Approximately 70% of the cells expressed the hepatic marker albumin. After 10 days of further in vitro maturation, these cells expressed the adult liver cell markers tyrosine aminotransferase, tryptophan oxygenase 2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), Cyp7A1, Cyp3A4 and Cyp2B6. Furthermore, these cells exhibited functions associated with mature hepatocytes including albumin secretion, glycogen storage, indocyanine green, and low-density lipoprotein uptake, and inducible cytochrome P450 activity. When transplanted into CCl4 injured severe combined immunodeficiency mice, these cells integrated into the mouse liver and expressed human alpha-1 antitrypsin for at least 2 months. In addition, we found that the hESC-derived hepatic cells were readily infected by human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus pseudotype viruses. Conclusion: We have developed an efficient way to direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cells that exhibit characteristics of mature hepatocytes. Our studies should facilitate searching the molecular mechanisms underlying human liver development, and form the basis for hepatocyte transplantation and drug tests. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:1229–1239.)
Outcomes After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies in Patients With or Without Advance Care Planning
Authors: Apar Kishor Ganti, Stephanie J. Lee, Julie M. Vose, Marcel P. Devetten, R. Gregory Bociek, James O. Armitage, Philip J. Bierman, Lori J. Maness, Elizabeth C. Reed, Fausto R. Loberiza
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Engagement in advance care planning (ACP) is viewed as a way to prepare for possible death. In patients undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT), an aggressive but possibly curative procedure for cancer, encouraging engagement in ACP is difficult. We conducted this analysis to determine if engagement in ACP among patients who undergo HSCT is associated with adverse outcomes. Patients and Methods Adult patients who were undergoing their first HSCT for hematologic malignancies between 2001 and 2003 were included. ACP was defined as having a living will, a power of attorney for health care, or life-support instructions. Outcomes assessed included the length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and overall survival. Results Of the 343 patients, 172 did not have ACP, whereas 171 did have ACP, and 127 of those were reviewable. Of those with reviewable ACP, 28 patients (22%) completed ACP before cancer diagnosis, 87 (68%) completed ACP after the cancer diagnosis but before HSCT, and 12 (10%) engaged in ACP after HSCT. Patients without ACP before HSCT had a significantly greater risk of death compared with patients with ACP (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.33; P = .001) while adjusting for statistically significant factors. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that lack of engagement in ACP is associated with adverse outcomes after HSCT. Thus, the patients least likely to have planned for poor outcomes are the ones most likely to face them. Additional studies should evaluate the nature of this association and should seek modifiable explanatory factors that could be the target of interventions.
Establishment of human IgE system in severe combined immunodeficient mice with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asthmatic children
Authors: Bor-Luen Chiang, Chen-Cheng Chou, Han-Jen Ding, Mao-Sheng Huang, Jong-Min Chen, Kue-Hsiung Hsieh
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
The Do-Not-Resuscitate Order in Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Andrew L. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We studied the use of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders at three teaching hospitals that did not have official protocols for such orders to see whether their use meets the goals (decision making before a crisis and promoting patient autonomy) that have been identified for such orders. We found that 20% of all patients had or were being considered for DNR orders, that the patient and/or family was usually involved (83%) in the decision not to resuscitate, but rarely involved (25%) in decisions to resuscitate, or in cases of no decision, that a wide range of care was provided to patients with a DNR status, and that partial resuscitative efforts would be employed in some cases. Our main conclusion in light of our findings is that DNR orders are currently not fulfilling their major goals. We offer six proposals for improving future DNR protocols.Resuscitation orders were studied in three teaching hospitals that do not have official do-not-resuscitate (DNR) protocols, primarily to determine whether they met the goals of pre-crisis decision making and promotion of patient autonomy. Patients and families were rarely (25%) involved when no decision or a decision to resuscitate was made, while a DNR decision usually (83%) involved the patient and/or family. In almost 20% of the cases the family but not the competent patient was involved. A wide range of care and even partial resuscitative efforts were provided DNR patients. The authors conclude with six proposals to improve DNR protocols.
Mothers who turn to surrogacy to support their families face ostracism, study shows
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Surrogate mothers face extensive social humiliation in India, a new study has found.1

Published in the May 2014 issue of the journal Affilia , the study led by Sharvari Karandikar of the Ohio State University in the United States has pointed out that surrogate mothers in India face stigma from extended family and community that forces them to leave their homes and relocate after surrogacy.

Karandikar and colleagues did a qualitative study—by conducting in-depth interviews with 15 surrogate mothers from the Gujarat state of India. All 15 women who participated were married and had had at least one biological child before becoming a surrogate mother.

The researchers noted that women were referred …
A STUDY OF TATTOOING AND METHODS OF ITS REMOVAL
Authors: MARVIN D. SHIE
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Tattooing is the art of introducing coloring matters into the skin by means of which certain colorations or designs are made more or less indelible. It has been practiced since the most primitive times and has been found in every quarter of the globe. From passages in the earliest writings and from notes made by early explorers, we know that it existed in some form among the earliest peoples, and more recent explorers found it used by the natives of North and South America as far as the polar regions. It has been found on Egyptian mummies, and in the Bible Moses warned the Jews against its use. The highest form of the art was reached in the islands of the South Pacific and in Japan.  METHODS OF TATTOOING  Among primitive peoples the tattooer is held in high esteem, for he is a true artist. He occupies an exalted position
Hereditary Increase in Serum Thyroid Hormone Concentrations.
Authors: W. H. Beierwaltes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Hereditary Increase in Serum Thyroid Hormone Concentrations.W. H. Beierwaltes, M.D., F.A.C.P., E. Linz, A.B.W. H. Beierwaltes, M.D., F.A.C.P., E. Linz, A.B.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-673_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPreviously, we have reported the occurrence of a two to three-fold increase in the serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) concentration in euthyroid individuals caused by a hereditary increase in the available thyroxine-binding sites in serum alpha globulin.Two types of systematic studies have now been performed under controlled conditions to rule out a qualitative abnormality in this trace protein as a cause of increased binding of thyroxine. Reverse-flow electrophoresis of radioactive iodine-labelled normal serum and serum from a patient with the hereditary defect were carried out at small increments in pH ranging from 2.5 to 11.5, with appropriate buffers. These experiments... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Mich. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 673-673KeywordsAttentionGlobulinsProteinsQualitative studiesSerum proteinsThyroid hormonesThyroxine Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Toxic Shock Syndrome and Epidermal Toxin
Authors: FRANK A. KAPRAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1981Toxic Shock Syndrome and Epidermal ToxinFRANK A. KAPRAL, PH.D.FRANK A. KAPRAL, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-2-241_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the editorial on toxic shock syndrome (I)I was cited as indicating that epidermal toxin originally associated with toxic shock syndrome strains is produced just as often by nontoxic syndrome strains. This statement is contrary to our findings. Among 39 Staphylococcus aureus strains from patients with toxic shock, 72% produced the epidermal toxin. This contrasts with a frequency of 17% among 60 control strains.In experimental animals toxin preparations cause both exfoliation and edema, two responses frequently seen in patients with toxic shock syndrome. Although these findings do not necessarily implicate the toxin in the pathogenesis of...Reference1. SHANDS K, DAN B, and SCHMID G. Toxic shock syndrome: the emerging picture. Ann Intern Med. 1981;94:264-6. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANK A. KAPRAL, PH.D.Affiliations: The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeuere Erkenntnisse zur Epidemiologie Exfoliatin-bildender Staphylokokken 1 August 1981Volume 95, Issue 2Page: 241-241KeywordsEdemaPathogenesisShockStaphylococcus aureusToxic shock syndromeToxins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Foot morbidity and exposure to chiropody: population based study
Authors: I. Harvey, S. Frankel, R. Marks, D. Shalom, M. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1997)

2.5 (2.0 to 3.1), and for subjects with a severe cognitive impairment (score 0-18 points, n = 180) the risk was 2.8 (2.3 to 3.4).The association of scores in the mini-mental state examination and mortality is further illustrated in the figure representing the survival probabilities of subjects, calculated from the age of 86 years onwards.
Approaches to Complex Pathways in Molecular Epidemiology: Summary of a Special Conference of the American Association for Cancer Research
Authors: Duncan C. Thomas, James W. Baurley, Elizabeth E. Brown, Jane C. Figueiredo, Alisa Goldstein, Aditi Hazra, Robin T. Wilson, Nathaniel Rothman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Cancer is the end result of a network of interacting factors, genetic and environmental. Unraveling this complexity could provide a foundation for more focused and effective prevention and detection strategies. The nascent fields of molecular and genetic epidemiology—constrained by technology and
Preventing Relapses in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Laurent Arnaud
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Multiple basal cell carcinomas associated with hairy cell leukaemia
Authors: None SCHÖN, None REIFENBERGER, None VON SCHMIEDEBERG, None MEGAHED, None LANG, None GATTERMANN, None MECKENSTOCK, None GOERZ, None RUZICKA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

We report the case of a caucasian woman who, between the ages of 49 and 51 years, developed multiple (> 20) basal cell carcinomas (BCC). There was no family history of BCC. No abnormalities in the human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched (PTCH), glutathione S‐transferases T1 and M1, or cytochrome P450 1A1 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based molecular analysis. There was, however, actinic damage of the skin in sun‐exposed areas. The patient was diagnosed as having hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) at the age of 51 years, based upon leucocyte morphology as assessed by light and electron microscopy, tartrate‐resistant acid leucocyte phosphatase (TRAP) staining, fluorescence activated cell scanning of peripheral blood leucocytes and bone marrow histology. As the leukaemia slowly progressed over a 3‐month period, the patient developed four further BCCs. Given that HCL is characterized by a profound defect in T‐cell function, it is conceivable that T‐cell immune dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of BCC, possibly enhancing the aetiological effect of ultraviolet irradiation.