tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Therapy to reduce free radicals during early reperfusion does not limit the size of myocardial infarcts caused by 90 minutes of ischemia in dogs.
Authors: V J Richard, C E Murry, R B Jennings, K A Reimer
Journal: Circulation (1988)

It has been postulated that oxygen-centered free radicals are produced in significant quantities upon reperfusion of ischemic myocardium and could cause the death of myocytes that are still reversibly injured at the end of ischemia ("reperfusion injury"). However, we have shown previously that anti-free radical therapies including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inhibitors of xanthine oxidase did not limit infarct size after 40 minutes of ischemia and 4 days of reperfusion in dogs. To test whether 40 minutes of ischemia is too brief a period to produce the prerequisite conditions for free radical-mediated necrosis upon reperfusion, we studied infarcts produced by 90 minutes of ischemia followed by reperfusion. Dogs in an SOD-catalase group received a 60-minute infusion of SOD (15,000 units/kg) and catalase (55,000 units/kg) beginning 25 minutes before and ending 35 minutes after reperfusion. A second group of dogs received a single injection of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol (20 mg/kg) 25 minutes before reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed histologically relative to the size of the area at risk and to collateral blood flow to the ischemic region. Infarct size as a percentage of the area at risk was similar in the control group (40.7 +/- 5.5%, n = 11), the SOD-catalase group (38.0 +/- 6.4%; n = 8), and the oxypurinol-treated group (41.4 +/- 6.1%; n = 7) [p = not significant (NS) by analysis of variance]. In controls, there was an inverse relation between infarct size and collateral blood flow; neither of the treatments altered this relation (p = NS by analysis of covariance).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Esophageal anastomotic severe stenosis after atresia repair: effectiveness of a multi-step strategy for an unusual endoscopic recanalization
Authors: A. Pane, F. Foschia, T. Caldaro, P. De Angelis, F. Torroni, G. Federici, D. Servedio, L. Dall’Oglio
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Esophageal atresia occurs in one in every 2500 – 3000 live births [1]. Long gap esophageal atresia (LGA) represents 10 % – 30 % of cases, with gaps ranging from 2 cm to greater than 6 cm. The best treatment results are obtained if the native esophagus is preserved. Stenosis is estimated to be prevalent in up to 40 % of cases [2], most of which require repeated endoscopic dilatations. Rarely, the stricture can be so tight that endoscopic dilatation is impossible.
Use of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Lower Esophageal Sphincter–Relaxing Drugs and Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cancers
Authors: Joan Fortuny, Christine C. Johnson, Kari Bohlke, Wong–Ho Chow, Gene Hart, Gena Kucera, Urvi Mujumdar, Dennis Ownby, Karen Wells, Marianne Ulcickas Yood, Lawrence S. Engel
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Staffing by numbers in the NHS
Authors: F. Moss
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Worldwide, the variation in the number of doctors and nurses employed per capita is huge, but little guidance or evidence exists about the optimum number for any given system of care. Fewer doctors and nurses per capita work in the United Kingdom than in other developed countries. There is a consensus that not enough healthcare professionals work in the NHS and that some problems of the NHS—for example, waiting lists, waiting times to see specialists, and access to radiotherapy—would be ameliorated with more trained staff.

Over the past decade the number of doctors working in the NHS increased by 44%, and further expansion is planned. So, the Audit Commission's latest report, Medical Staffing , based on data collected in 2001 from 88% of acute trusts in England and Wales, is timely.1 The Audit Commission has prepared individual tailored performance reports for each trust Some interesting signposts emerge from the national findings. Restricting junior doctors' working hours to 56 hours a week (the “New Deal”) is a priority for hospitals in the United Kingdom. Financial penalties have forced change. Most training posts in emergency medicine, radiology, and pathology are now compliant with the …
Irreversible Bilateral Ureteral Obstruction From Intravesical Formaldehyde Solution
Authors: Paul G. Fishbein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

HEMORRHAGIC cystitis can be a life-threatening problem in patients with pelvic malignancy. Bladder lavage to remove clots, transfusions, and fulguration of identifiable bleeding sites may work in some patients. Others may respond only to urinary diversion, hypogastric artery ligation, or total cystectomy. Unfortunately, patients who are debilitated, have extensive local disease, or have had previous irradiation are poor surgical candidates. To control bladder hemorrhage in these inoperable patients, Brown first reported bladder irrigation with formaldehyde solution in 1968.<sup>1</sup>Since then, 60 patients who have undergone this procedure have been reported. Treatment was successful in 54, and only one serious complication, papillary necrosis, has occurred. Lest this remarkable success tempt urologists to use formaldehyde solution in patients with nonterminal conditions, who might still respond to other measures, we report a case of oliguric renal failure following intravesical formaldehyde solution (3.7% formaldehyde) instillation—apparently due to irreversible damage to both ureters. <h3>Report</h3>
Correlations Between 18F-FDG PET/CT Parameters and Pathological Findings in Patients With Rectal Cancer
Authors: Chih-Ying Liao, Shang-Wen Chen, Yi-Chen Wu, William Tzu-Liang Chen, Kuo-Yang Yen, Te-Chun Hsieh, Pin-Jie Chen, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Purpose This study examined the correlations between 18F-FDG PET/CT results and tumor specimen pathology in patients with rectal cancer. Methods Sixty-seven patients with rectal cancer who had received preoperative PET/CT were included in this study. Autosegmentation methods were used to determine the maximum PET/CT-based tumor length (TL), tumor width (TW), and metabolic tumor volume for each patient. The TL and TW values were compared with the maximum pathological length and width of the tumor specimen. To forecast the pathological T and N stages, a receiver operating characteristic curve was created for each parameter to evaluate its predictive ability. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of pathology. Results The values of 30% of maximum uptake for TL and 40% of maximum uptake for TW provided the best match with the maximum pathological tumor length and width (Pearson r = 0.72, P < 0.001; r = 0.44, P < 0.001, respectively). Metabolic tumor volume with a fixed threshold of 2.5 emerged as an independent factor for predicting the pathological T3 or T4 stage (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 1.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–2.60). Conclusions Preoperative PET/CT can be used as a supplemental tool in predicting pathological findings for patients with rectal cancer requiring operation.
Progesterone and the Risk of Preterm Birth among Women with a Short Cervix
Authors: Eduardo B. Fonseca, Ebru Celik, Mauro Parra, Mandeep Singh, Kypros H. Nicolaides
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Previous randomized trials have shown that progesterone administration in women who previously delivered prematurely reduces the risk of recurrent premature delivery. Asymptomatic women found at midgestation to have a short cervix are at greatly increased risk for spontaneous early preterm delivery, and it is unknown whether progesterone reduces this risk in such women.
Plexin: A novel neuronal cell surface molecule that mediates cell adhesion via a homophilic binding mechanism in the presence of calcium ions
Authors: Kunimasa Ohta, Akihito Mizutani, Atsushi Kawakami, Yasunori Murakami, Yasuyo Kasuya, Shin Takagi, Hideaki Tanaka, Hajime Fujisawa
Journal: Neuron (1995)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Failure Due to Left Ventricular Dysfunction-Reply
Authors: William H. Gaasch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —A primary purpose of my review was to emphasize the importance of treating patients with left ventricular dysfunction—whether or not they have symptoms. I discussed the impact of large randomized trials that were directed at the treatment of systolic dysfunction and pointed out that there are no similar trials in patients with diastolic dysfunction. Until such studies are performed there will be diverse opinions on the therapeutic options and the relative roles of β-blockers, CCBs, and other agents in the treatment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Despite a lack of such data, we agree that negative chronotropic agents are beneficial in most patients with symptomatic diastolic dysfunction. I generally prefer verapamil, but if this is not tolerated, a β-blocker can be an alternative. Slowing the heart rate can have a beneficial effect on myocardial energetics; the myocardial oxygen requirement is decreased and coronary filling time is increased. If
Geographic variation and neighborhood factors are associated with low rates of pre–end-stage renal disease nephrology care
Authors: Hua Hao, Brendan P. Lovasik, Stephen O. Pastan, Howard H. Chang, Ritam Chowdhury, Rachel E. Patzer
Journal: Kidney International (2015)

Geographic variation of pre-end-stage renal disease (pre-ESRD) nephrology care has not been studied across the United States. Here we sought to identify geographic differences in pre-ESRD care, assess for county-level geographic and sociodemographic risk factors, and correlate with patient outcomes using facility-level mortality. Patients from 5387 dialysis facilities across the United States from 2007 to 2010 were included from the Dialysis Facility Report. Marginal generalized estimating equations were used for modeling with geographic cluster analysis to detect clusters of facilities with low rates of pre-ESRD care. On average, 67% of patients received pre-ESRD care in the United States but with significant variability across regions ranging from 3 to 99%. Five geographic clusters of facilities with low rates of pre-ESRD care were the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, and Baltimore, along with Southern states along the Mississippi River. Dialysis facilities with the lowest rates of pre-ESRD care were more likely to be located in urban counties with high African-American populations and low educational attainment. A 10% higher proportion of patients receiving pre-ESRD care was associated with 1.3% lower patient mortality as reflected by facility-level mortality. Thus, geographic and sociodemographic factors can be used to design quality improvement initiatives to increase access to nephrology care nationwide and improve patient outcomes.
Malposition of a Sengstaken–Blakemore Tube
Authors: Jung-Yien Chien, Chong-Jen Yu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

An 86-year-old woman had a history of cirrhosis and esophageal variceal bleeding. She presented with hematemesis, and a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube was placed. Subsequently, the patient had pain in the left chest.
Methotrexate Induces Clinical and Histologic Remission in Patients with Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Richard A. Kozarek
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine whether methotrexate has anti-inflammatory activity in refractory inflammatory bowel disease. Design: Nonrandomized, open-label, preliminary trial of methotrexate along with standard medications for 12 weeks. Setting: Referral-based gastroenterology practice. Patients: Twenty-one patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (14, Crohn disease; 7, chronic ulcerative colitis); 17 taking variable doses of corticosteroids and 14 on sulfasalazine or metronidazole. Of the 21 patients, 10 had previously failed azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine trials. Interventions: Sulfasalazine and metronidazole were continued and prednisone dose was tapered according to clinical response. Methotrexate was given as a 25-mg intramuscular injection weekly for 12 weeks, then switched to a tapering oral dose if a clinical and objective improvement was noted. Measurements and Main Results: Sixteen of twenty-one patients (11 of 14 patients with Crohn disease, 5 of 7 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis) had an objective response as measured by disease activity indices (modified Crohn's Disease Activity Index, 13.3 to 5.4 [P = 0.0001], Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index, 13.3 to 6.3 [P = 0.007]). Prednisone dosage decreased from 21.4 mg ±5.6 (SEM) to 5.5 mg ±2.0; P = 0.006 and 38.6 mg ±6.35 to 12.9mg ±3.4; P = 0.01, respectively. Five patients with Crohn colitis had colonoscopic healing and 4 had normal histology at 12 weeks. In contrast, none of the 7 patients with ulcerative colitis had normal flexible sigmoidoscopies, despite histologic improvement in 5. Side effects included mild rises in transaminase levels in 2 patients, transient leukopenia in 1, self-limited diarrhea and nausea in 2 patients, and 1 case each of brittle nails and atypical pneumonitis. Conclusions: Although this pilot study is encouraging, further work is needed before methotrexate can be recommended for inflammatory bowel disease.
THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AT BERLIN, AS I SAW IT
Authors: E. J. CHAPIN MINARD
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac Surgery in Neonates and Infants
Authors: BRIAN G. BARRATT-BOYES
Journal: Circulation (1971)

NO PEDIATRIC cardiologist would deny either the need for, or the advantages of, safe one-stage intracardiac repair of the numerous correctable forms of congenital heart disease which present with severe symptoms in infancy.Not only would this result in increased survival but also it would avoid the need for palliation and subsequent frequent review before the corrective repair.Unfortunately, until recently, the cardiac surgeon has been unable to provide safe corrective surgery in the first year of life.It is for this reason that various palliative proce- dures have come to be accepted as the treatment of choice despite the fact that they carry an appreciable mortality and provide imperfect relief of symptoms.This situation has been altered radically with the demonstration that intracardiac correction can be performed safely in neo- nates and infants using a technique which employs surface-induced deep hypothermia followed by circulatory arrest and rapid core rewarming with extracorporeal circulation.This method was introduced some years ago in Japan,' 2 and results from Kyoto using this technique3 reveal only six deaths in 78 infants weighing between 4 and 10 kg.Sixty-two of these infants had repair of a ventricular septal defect with five deaths; nine had correction of tetralogy of Fallot with one death; five had atrial septal defect repair; and two had valvotomy for pulmonary stenosis.These are impressive results.The reluctance
Modulation of Both the Early and the Late Phase of Mossy Fiber LTP by the Activation of β-Adrenergic Receptors
Authors: Yan-You Huang, Eric R Kandel
Journal: Neuron (1996)

cAMP and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are required in the mossy fiber pathway for both the early and the late phase of long-term potentiation (LTP). Since the CA3 region, which is the target of the mossy fibers, receives extensive noradrenergic innervation, we examined the role of beta-adrenergic receptors in mossy fiber LTP. We found that we could induce an early phase of LTP by pairing isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, with a weak train, subthreshold for LTP. This LTP was specific to the mossy fiber pathway, was blocked by inhibitors of PKA, and occluded paired-pulse facilitation, suggesting that isoproterenol was acting presynaptically. When isoproterenol was paired with a train that induced only the early phase of LTP, it gave rise to a protein synthesis-dependent late phase. Consistent with these findings, beta-adrenergic antagonists blocked both the late and the early phase of LTP induced by mossy fiber stimulation. Thus, beta-adrenergic receptor modulation is important for both phases of mossy fiber LTP.
Descartes before the Horse: I Clone, Therefore I Am: The Hepatitis C Virus in Current Perspective
Authors: Harvey J. Alter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

▪In an unprecedented approach to viral discovery, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned before it was established by conventional methods of viral detection or by genomic characterization. Hepatitis C virus is a small (10-kb), single-stranded RNA virus with a genomic organization that places it in the family Flaviviridae. The virus is global in distribution, with a prevalence between 0.3% and 1.5%. The same agent causes parenterally acquired and sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. Nonparenteral modes of spread are poorly defined, but low-level sexual transmission is probable. There is a strong association between the presence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) and hepatocellular carcinoma; a causal role for HCV is suspected but has not been proved. Hepatitis C virus accounts for at least 85% of the cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis; an anti-HCV-reactive donor was retrospectively identified in nearly 90% of cases. Among donors confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) to be anti-HCV positive, 80% to 90% are infectious. Hepatitis C virus RNA can be detected within 1 to 2 weeks of exposure and persists throughout the course of infection. Generally, the presence of anti-HCV cannot be confirmed until 9 to 20 weeks after exposure, creating a window period of seronegativity and potential infectivity. It is anticipated that the anti-HCV assay will reduce the number of cases of transfusion-associated hepatitis by 50% in the United States; a 70% reduction has been documented in Spain.
Role of tachykinins in asthma
Authors: G. F. Joos, P. R. Germonpre, R. A. Pauwels
Journal: Allergy (2000)

The sensory neuropeptides substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are localized to sensory airway nerves, from which they can be released by a variety of stimuli, including allergen, ozone, or inflammatory mediators. Sensory nerves containing these peptides are relatively scarce in human airways, but it is becoming increasingly evident that inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells can produce the tachykinins SP and NKA. Moreover, immune stimuli can boost the production and secretion of SP and NKA. SP and NKA have potent effects on bronchomotor tone, airway secretions, and bronchial circulation (vasodilation and microvascular leakage) and on inflammatory and immune cells. Following their release, tachykinins are degraded by neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The airway effects of the tachykinins are largely mediated by tachykinin NK 1 and NK 2 receptors. Tachykinins contract smooth muscle mainly by interaction with NK 2 receptors, while the vascular and proinflammatory effects are mediated by the NK 1 receptor. In view of their potent effects on the airways, tachykinins have been put forward as possible mediators of asthma, and tachykinin receptor antagonists are a potential new class of antiasthmatic medication.
Risk Index and Thrombolytic Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke—Reply
Authors: Bruce Ovbiagele, Gustavo Saposnik
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
<i>AdCD40L</i>Gene Therapy Counteracts T Regulatory Cells and Cures Aggressive Tumors in an Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model
Authors: Angelica S.I. Loskog, Moa E. Fransson, Thomas T.H. Totterman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an immunostimulating gene therapy for the treatment of orthotopic bladder carcinoma by transferring the gene for CD40L into the tumor site. CD40L stimulation of dendritic cells induces interleukin-12 expression that drives Th1 type of immune responses with activation of cytotoxic T cells. Experimental Design: The gene for murine CD40L was transferred into bladders of tumor-bearing mice using an adenoviral vector construct. To facilitate viral uptake, the bladders were pretreated with Clorpactin. Survival of mice as well as transgene expression and immunologic effect, such as resistance to tumor challenge and presence of T regulatory cells, were monitored. Results: On viral vector instillation, CD40L expression could be detected by reverse transcription-PCR. As a sign of transgene function, interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression was significantly increased. AdCD40L gene therapy cured 60% of mice with preestablished tumors. The cured mice were completely resistant to subcutaneous challenge with MB49 tumor cells, whereas the growth of a syngeneic irrelevant tumor was unaltered. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of the T regulatory cell transcription factor Foxp3 was evaluated both in tumor biopsies and lymph nodes. There were no differences within the tumors of the different treatment groups. However, Foxp3 mRNA levels were down-regulated in the lymph nodes of AdCD40L-treated mice. Correspondingly, T cells from AdCD40L-treated mice were not able to inhibit proliferation of naive T cells as opposed to T cells from control-treated, tumor-bearing mice. Conclusions: AdCD40L gene therapy evokes Th1 cytokine responses and counteracts T regulatory cell development and/or function.