tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of the basal metabolic ratio in predicting early deaths after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Satoshi Nishiwaki, Koichi Miyamura, Aika Seto, Keisuke Watanabe, Mayumi Yanagisawa, Nobuhiko Imahashi, Makoto Shimba, Takahiko Yasuda, Yachiyo Kuwatsuka, Taku Oba, Seitaro Terakura, Yoshihisa Kodera
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Early deaths after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) are of major concern. On the assumption that both decreased and increased basal metabolism might relate to early deaths, we analyzed the risk factors for overall survival to days 30 (OS30) and 60 (OS60). The Harris-Benedict equation was used to calculate basal metabolism. Comparing a patient's basal metabolism (PBM) calculated from pretransplant body weight with the standard basal metabolism (SBM) calculated from standard body weight (body mass index (BMI) = 22), we defined the basal metabolic ratio (BMR) as a parameter (BMR = PBM/SBM). We retrospectively analyzed 360 adult patients transplanted between 1997 and 2006 at a single center in Japan. A multivariate analysis of OS30 showed risk factors to be: BMR < or = 0.95 (low BMR; LBR) (P = 0.01), BMR > 1.05 (high BMR; HBR) (P = 0.005) and non-complete remission (non-CR) (P 5 0.001), whereas a multivariate analysis of OS60 showed those risk factors to be: LBR (P = 0.02), HBR (P = 0.04), non-CR (P = 0.002), and performance status < or = 1 (P = 0.01). OS30 and OS60 were found to be favorable in 0.95 < BMR < or = 1.05 (average BMR; ABR) (96.8 and 90.3% for ABR, 87.1 and 76.2% for LBR, and 87.8 and 81.1% for HBR). In conclusion, BMR could prove to be a predictor of early death after allo-SCT.
Mechanisms of WNK1 and WNK4 interaction in the regulation of thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransport
Authors: Chao-Ling Yang, Xiaoman Zhu, Zhaohong Wang, Arohan R. Subramanya, David H. Ellison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

With-no-lysine (WNK) kinases are highly expressed along the mammalian distal nephron. Mutations in either WNK1 or WNK4 cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), suggesting that the protein products converge on a final common pathway. We showed previously that WNK4 downregulates thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) activity, an effect suppressed by WNK1. Here we investigated the mechanisms by which WNK1 and WNK4 interact to regulate ion transport. We report that WNK1 suppresses the WNK4 effect on NCC activity and associates with WNK4 in a protein complex involving the kinase domains. Although a kinase-dead WNK1 also associates with WNK4, it fails to suppress WNK4-mediated NCC inhibition; the WNK1 kinase domain alone, however, is not sufficient to block the WNK4 effect. The carboxyterminal 222 amino acids of WNK4 are sufficient to inhibit NCC, but this fragment is not blocked by WNK1. Instead, WNK1 inhibition requires an intact WNK4 kinase domain, the region that binds to WNK1. In summary, these data show that: (a) the WNK4 carboxyl terminus mediates NCC suppression, (b) the WNK1 kinase domain interacts with the WNK4 kinase domain, and (c) WNK1 inhibition of WNK4 is dependent on WNK1 catalytic activity and an intact WNK1 protein. These findings provide insight into the complex interrelationships between WNK1 and WNK4 and provide a molecular basis for FHHt.
Darkness in the heart
Authors: I. Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1995)

When I saw pictures of victims of the holocaust I learnt that such horrors were part of the human condition and that we should remain vigilant lest such events should happen again. Fifty years on, genocide and pogroms are back. This time I did not read about them in a book. I saw them while working with the United Nations Organisation as a military psychiatrist in Bosnia and Rwanda.

Though I had debriefed people who had been to the sites of an atrocity in both countries, I only saw such a site in Rwanda. Late one afternoon after a debriefing session of a group of Royal Engineers who had seen one of their colleagues tread on a mine I visited a site with the United Nations war crimes group where, about six months earlier, 500 to 600 men, women, and children had been massacred. I was filled with an immense foreboding as we drove up the track. The light was fading and I hoped that we had taken the wrong turning. The small church and outbuildings nestled among the trees. As I walked towards the site I was aware of scattered …
Hemodialysis-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Until significant progress is made in the prevention of chronic renal disease, the providers of medical care will be increasingly afflicted with the need to carry out long-term dialysis and renal transplant therapy. It is apparent that such efforts will be seriously hampered by the frequent occurrence of viral hepatitis in both patients and staff. Eventual control of hepatitis in dialysis units, whether accomplished by active or passive immunization, or by preventing spread of the virus, depends on the conduction of better epidemiologic studies than the two reported in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>. These studies approach the problem in two different ways, that of a broad-scale survey, on the one hand, and on the other by detailed work-up of the spread of infection from one case. Each study supplies useful information, but each could be performed much better in the future if certain rules of successful epidemiologic studies are followed
Reply to Raguram Ganesamoni, Ravimohan Mavuduru, Mayank Mohan Agarwal's Letter to the Editor re: Hendrik Van Poppel, Luigi Da Pozzo, Walter Albrecht, et al. A Prospective, Randomised EORTC Intergroup Phase 3 Study Comparing the Oncologic Outcome of Elective Nephron-Sparing Surgery and Radical Nephrectomy for Low-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;59:543–52
Authors: Hendrik Van Poppel, Sandra Collette, Richard Sylvester
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Points: What went wrong at Exeter?
Authors: H. Weatherburn
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Background</h3> Since the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control’s (FCTC) entry into force, the tobacco industry has initiated litigation challenging tobacco control measures implemented by governments around the world, or supported others to initiate such litigation on its behalf. In defending their tobacco control measures against such litigation, governments have invoked their obligations and rights under the WHO FCTC. We assess the extent to which the WHO FCTC has provided legal weight to governments’ defences against legal challenge. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed 96 court decisions concerning legal challenges to tobacco control measures, determining whether or not they cited the WHO FCTC and their outcomes. We then reviewed the cases where the WHO FCTC was cited, analysing how the WHO FCTC contributed to the resolution of the case. <h3>Results</h3> The WHO FCTC was cited in 45 decisions. Decisions both citing and not citing the WHO FCTC were largely decided in favour of governments, with 80% of WHO-FCTC-citing and 67% of non-WHO-FCTC-citing cases upholding the measure in its entirety and on every ground of challenge. In cases where it was cited, the WHO FCTC contributed to the resolution of the case in favour of governments by providing a legal basis for measures, demonstrating the measure’s public health purpose, demonstrating the evidence in favour of a measure, demonstrating international consensus, demonstrating that a measure promotes or protects health-related human rights and demonstrating whether or not a measure is reasonable, proportionate or justifiable. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The way the WHO FCTC has been cited in court decisions suggests that it has made a substantial contribution to courts’ reasoning in tobacco control legal challenges and has strengthened governments’ arguments in defending litigation.
Intravascular Ultrasound Assessment of the Renal Artery
Authors: Khalid H. Sheikh, Charles J. Davidson, Glenn E. Newman, Katherine B. Kisslo, Steve J. Schwab
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the feasibility and diagnostic value of catheter-based intravascular ultrasound imaging compared with angiography for visualizing renal artery structure. Design: Renal artery images were obtained in patients with renal artery stenosis having percutaneous balloon angioplasty and in normal subjects by digital angiography and by a 20-MHz, mechanically driven, catheter-based, intravascular ultrasound imaging system. Setting: A referral-based university hospital. Patients: Four randomly selected normal subjects without known renal disease and four consecutive patients with known renal artery stenosis referred for percutaneous balloon angioplasty. Interventions: Digital angiograms and intravascular ultrasound images of nine renal artery segments were obtained. In patients with renal artery stenosis, imaging was done before and after balloon angioplasty. Main Results: Digital angiography and ultrasonography correlated closely in the determination of arterial lumen diameter (r = 0.81) and cross-sectional area (r = 0.83). However, ultrasonography provided structural information not shown by angiography. All normal arteries showed discrete intimal, medial, and adventitial wall layers by ultrasonography. In the five stenotic segments, angiography identified the cause of stenosis to be atherosclerosis in four patients and fibromuscular dysplasia in one patient. Ultrasound imaging, however, identified the disease process as atherosclerosis in three patients and as fibromuscular dysplasia in two patients. After renal angioplasty, ultrasonography identified three arterial dissections, only one of which was shown by angiography. Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that catheter-based intravascular ultrasound imaging of the renal artery is feasible and correlates well with angiography in assessing renal artery size and also provides potentially important additional structural information that permits a better characterization of arterial pathology.
Autosomal dominant junctional epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: N. Almaani, L. Liu, P.J.C. Dopping-Hepenstal, P.A. Lovell, J.E. Lai-Cheong, R.M. Graham, J.E. Mellerio, J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) encompasses a heterogeneous group of inherited skin disorders associated with trauma-induced blistering. The junctional forms of EB (JEB), Herlitz JEB, non-Herlitz JEB and JEB associated with pyloric atresia have all been attributed to autosomal recessive inheritance. We describe a 7-year-old girl with defective dental enamel, trauma-induced blistering and subsequent scarring. Her mother, a carrier of the mutation p.G627V in the collagen XVII gene (COL17A1) had evidence of hypoplastic dental enamel without skin blistering. Her grandmother had non-Herlitz JEB as a result of a compound heterozygous mutation in COL17A1 (p.G627V and c.3514ins25).To explore the molecular, ultrastructural and immunofluorescence findings of the first case of dominant JEB.Mutational analysis of COL17A1 was performed on the proband's genomic DNA. In addition, transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed on a nonlesional skin biopsy from the proband and an unrelated healthy control.Direct sequencing revealed a heterozygous glycine substitution mutation, p.G627V, in COL17A1. No discernible morphological abnormalities were found on transmission electron microscopy; however, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed findings of an altered distribution pattern for type XVII collagen epitopes close to the dermal-epidermal junction.This report describes the first case of dominant JEB. Although some heterozygous mutations in COL17A1 are known to cause dental abnormalities none were associated with skin fragility. The dominant-negative interference between the proband's mutated type XVII collagen and the wild-type allele appears to render the skin prone to trauma-induced blister formation. Alternatively, other undisclosed modifying genetic or epigenetic factors might explain why the patient gets blistering whereas her mother, who has the same COL17A1 mutation, has no skin fragility.
Ultrasound as a screening procedure for methotrexate-induced hepatic damage in severe psoriasis
Authors: J.A. MILLER, H. DODD, M.H.A. RUSTIN, W.R. LEES, G.M. LEVENE, J.D. KIRBY, D.D. MUNRO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Methotrexate has been of proven value in the management of patients with severe psoriasis. Its long-term use, however, can be complicated by progressive hepatic damage which has necessitated regular liver biopsies. We have looked into the efficacy of liver ultrasonography as a non-invasive screening procedure to select those patients who may be developing liver changes. Eighty-seven investigations on 82 patients were performed, comparing liver ultrasound results with liver biopsy. Eight of these showed a degree of hepatic damage which was sufficient to indicate cessation of methotrexate, and all of these were detected by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that patients whose last liver biopsy was normal could be allowed an extended interval between biopsies provided their intervening ultrasound scans remained normal.
From the Health Care Financing Administration
Authors: William L. Roper
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contaminated ink might be responsible for Mycobacterium chelonae infection after tattooing
Authors: O. F. Uzoigwe
Journal: BMJ (2013)

During one week in December 2012, both the BMJ and the New England Journal of Medicine reported a case of Mycobacterium chelonae infection after tattooing.1 2 These reports followed an outbreak in a New York tattoo parlour, reported in September 2012,3 where M chelonae was isolated from unopened ink vials from an Arizona …
Multicenter Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Multifactorial Intervention to Improve Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control Among Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk (The COM99 Study)
Authors: Manel Pladevall, Carlos Brotons, Rafael Gabriel, Anna Arnau, Carmen Suarez, Mariano de la Figuera, Emilio Marquez, Antonio Coca, Javier Sobrino, George Divine, Michele Heisler, L. Keoki Williams
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Medication nonadherence is common and results in preventable disease complications. This study assessed the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention to improve both medication adherence and blood pressure control and to reduce cardiovascular events.In this multicenter, cluster-randomized trial, physicians from hospital-based hypertension clinics and primary care centers across Spain were randomized to receive and provide the intervention to their high-risk patients. Eligible patients were ≥ 50 years of age, had uncontrolled hypertension, and had an estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk greater than 30%. Physicians randomized to the intervention group counted patients' pills, designated a family member to support adherence behavior, and provided educational information to patients. The primary outcome was blood pressure control at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included both medication adherence and a composite end point of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations. Seventy-nine physicians and 877 patients participated in the trial. The mean duration of follow-up was 39 months. Intervention patients were less likely to have an uncontrolled systolic blood pressure (odds ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.50 to 0.78) and were more likely to be adherent (odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.19 to 3.05) than control group patients at 6 months. After 5 years, 16% of the patients in the intervention group and 19% in the control group met the composite end point (hazard ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 1.39).A multifactorial intervention to improve adherence to antihypertensive medication was effective in improving both adherence and blood pressure control, but it did not appear to improve long-term cardiovascular events.
WHO reports growing commercial trade in transplant organs
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Travelling abroad for organ transplants provided on a commercial basis—so called transplant tourism—may now account for at least one in 20 of all transplants, according to a report from the World Health Organization ( Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2007 Nov 1 doi: 10.2471/BLT.06.039370).

Advertising of package deals that include a transplant—for example, a package costing £16 000 (€23 000; $34 000) for a kidney transplant in Pakistan—is flourishing, and the trade in organs is growing, the report found. “The results suggest that the international organ trade no longer …
Deficiency of sunlight and vitamin D
Authors: Michael F Holick
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Abstract</h3> How do neural systems evolve to support new behaviors? Changes in the abundance and diversity of neural cell types, and their connectivity, shape brain composition and provide the substrate for behavioral variation. We describe a striking example of neural elaboration in an ecologically diverse tribe of Heliconiini butterflies. By building extensive new datasets of neural traits across the tribe, we identify major bursts in the size and cellular composition of the mushroom bodies, central brain structures essential for learning and memory. These expansion events are associated with increased innervation form visual centers and coincide with enhanced performance in multiple cognitive assays. This suite of neural and cognitive changes is likely tied to the emergence of derived foraging behaviors, facilitated by localized specialization of neural networks. <h3>One-Sentence Summary</h3> Major shifts in brain composition and behavior in butterflies with unique foraging and dietary behaviors.
Diet as Related to Gastrointestinal Function
Authors: Louis Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1961)

FOODS ARE OFTEN blamed when persons, otherwise healthy, complain of heartburn, eructation, low thoracic or abdominal burning, "hyperacidity," abdominal fullness, bloating, pressure, aching, pain, "gas," borborygmi, excessive "activity," flatulence, constipation, and diarrhea. When gastrointestinal disorders underlie such symptoms, their degree is believed to be enhanced by some foods and diminished by others. To evaluate the validity of such correlations between food and gastrointestinal symptomatology, the committee has surveyed current dietary practices and has critically examined the rationale and much of the evidence underlying such practices. The interpretations and evaluations presented here must be recognized for what they are, namely, a synthesis of tentative opinions held by committee members on the basis of their knowledge of the literature, their experience, and their discussions. Knowledge in this field is far too meager to permit authoritative or final conclusions. The report does not apply to the dietotherapy of infants and young children, nor
Insulin Cessation and Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery in Adults With Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ali Ardestani, David Rhoads, Ali Tavakkoli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

The impact of bariatric surgeries on insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (I-T2D) in the general population is largely undocumented. We assessed changes in insulin treatment after bariatric surgery in a large cohort of I-T2D patients, comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), controlling for differences in weight loss between procedures.Of 113,638 adult surgical patients in the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD), 10% had I-T2D. Analysis was restricted to 5,225 patients with I-T2D and at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up. Regression models were used to identify factors that predict cessation of insulin therapy. To control for differences in weight loss patterns between RYGB and LAGB, a case-matched analysis was also performed.Of I-T2D patients who underwent RYGB (n = 3,318), 62% were off insulin at 12 months compared with 34% (n = 1,907) after LAGB (P < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that RYGB strongly predicted insulin cessation at both 1 and 12 months postoperatively. In the case-matched analysis at 3 months, the proportion of insulin cessation was significantly higher in the RYGB group than in the LAGB group (P = 0.03), and the diabetes remission rate was higher at all time points after this surgery. RYGB was a weight-independent predictor of insulin therapy cessation early after surgery, whereas insulin cessation after LAGB was linked to weight loss.I-T2D patients have a greater probability of stopping insulin after RYGB than after LAGB (62% vs. 34%, respectively, at 1 year), with weight-independent effects in the early months after surgery. These findings support RYGB as the procedure of choice for reversing I-T2D.
Implementation of community influenza centers and vaccination campaign in protecting healthcare workers and control of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Taipei City, Taiwan
Authors: Muh-Yong Yen, Wen-Sen Lee, Po-Hsen Hu, Benjamin Ing-Tiau Kuo, Lin-Chung Woung, Allen Wen-Hsiang Chiu, Win-Liang Liu, Po-Ren Hsueh
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)