tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Lignocaine metabolism in patients with myocardial infarction and cardiac failure.
Authors: L F Prescott, K K Adjepon-Yamoah, R G Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Plasma concentrations of lignocaine were measured during and after infusion of lignocaine at 1.4 mg/min for 36-46 hours in 12 patients with myocardial infarction and one patient with cardiac failure due to uncontrolled ventricular tachycardia. In six patients without cardiac failure the plasma concentrations of lignocaine rose progressively during the infusion and the mean lignocaine half life was 4.3 hours compared with 1.4 hours in healthy subjects. Mean plasma lignocaine concentrations were significantly higher in seven patients with cardiac failure, and concentrations also rose during the infusion and the half life was considerably prolonged to 10.2 hours. Lignocaine concentrations rose rapidly to toxic levels when cardiogenic shock developed in one patient and did not fall when the infusion was stopped. The mean plasma antipyrine half life was moderately prolonged (19.4 hours) in a larger group of patients with myocardial infarction and cardiac failure but returned to normal during convalescence (13.2 hours). The metabolism of lignocaine is grossly abnormal in patients with cardiac failure and cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction.
1195 BMS-650032, AN NS3 INHIBITOR, IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE SUBJECTS WITH GENOTYPE 1 CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION
Authors: J.-P. Bronowicki, S. Pol, P.J. Thuluvath, D. Larrey, C.T. Martorell, V.K. Rustgi, D.W. Morris, Z. Younes, M.W. Fried, M. Bourliere, C. Hezode, O. Massoud, G.A. Abrams, V. Ratziu, A. Thiry, C. Llamoso, E.A. Hughes, R.G. Hindes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cimetidine Works for Gastric Ulcer, and More
Authors: Armand Littman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In this issue of the Journal, Isenberg and his associates1 present an elegant multicenter trial, and there is no doubt about it — cimetidine leads to healing of gastric ulcer faster and more frequently than placebo. More important, the paper shows that sophisticated methods are feasible for such trials, and explicit details are given that permit readers to evaluate the validity of the data for themselves.2 , 3 There were elaborate efforts to maintain blindness: three different people participated in each patient's care and evaluation throughout the trial. This might seem like methodologic overkill to those conducting (and paying for) clinical . . .
Clinical and histological outcome after hepatitis B e antigen to antibody seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Mercedes Ruiz-Moreno, Manuela Otero, Antonio Millán, Inmaculada Castillo, María Cabrerizo, Javier F. Jiménez, Horacio Oliva, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Vicente Carreño
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Data regarding the outcome of children with chronic hepatitis B after seroconversion are scarce. We describe the long–term evolution of these patients. One hundred and three children with antibody against hepatitis B e antigen and normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were followed for 0.6 to 12.5 years (mean, 6.3 years). Paired liver biopsies (before and after seroconversion) were available in 83 cases. Final biopsies were obtained 0.5 to 12.5 years (mean, 4.5 years) after seroconversion. ALT levels remained normal in most of the children (79%) throughout the follow–up. All children, except five who lost hepatitis B surface antigen, had serum viral DNA detected by polymerase chain reaction. When comparing baseline and final liver biopsies, a significant improvement ( P &lt; .001) was found in the histological activity index and in the necrosis, cytolysis, inflammation, and fibrosis scores. The histological diagnosis improvement in the final biopsy was significantly related ( P &lt; .001) to the time from seroconversion to the biopsy performance. All children had viral DNA on their final liver biopsy. In summary, seroconversion and ALT normalization are quite stable findings in children, and no differences in the long–term outcome between treated and untreated children were found. In light of the histological outcome, it seems unnecessary to perform a follow–up liver biopsy in these cases.
Human Urotensin II–Induced Contraction and Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Are Mediated by RhoA and Rho-Kinase
Authors: Vincent Sauzeau, Erik Le Mellionnec, Jacques Bertoglio, Elizabeth Scalbert, Pierre Pacaud, Gervaise Loirand
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

The aim of this work was to investigate the coupling of human urotensin II (hU-II) to RhoA activation and regulation of RhoA-dependent functions. The use of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and the development of a membrane-permeant RhoA inhibitor (TAT-C3) allowed us to demonstrate that hU-II induced arterial smooth muscle contraction, actin stress fiber formation, and proliferation through the activation of the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effector Rho-kinase.
Genomic-scale prioritization of drug targets: the TDR Targets database
Authors: Fernán Agüero, Bissan Al-Lazikani, Martin Aslett, Matthew Berriman, Frederick S. Buckner, Robert K. Campbell, Santiago Carmona, Ian M. Carruthers, A. W. Edith Chan, Feng Chen, Gregory J. Crowther, Maria A. Doyle, Christiane Hertz-Fowler, Andrew L. Hopkins, Gregg McAllister, Solomon Nwaka, John P. Overington, Arnab Pain, Gaia V. Paolini, Ursula Pieper, Stuart A. Ralph, Aaron Riechers, David S. Roos, Andrej Sali, Dhanasekaran Shanmugam, Takashi Suzuki, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Christophe L. M. J. Verlinde
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2008)
Abstract 1244: RXR agonist induced changes in gene expression in liver and mammary cancers: Confirmation by RT-PCR on independent samples collected years apart
Authors: Dusica Cvetkovic, Margie Clapper, Yang Wang, Ming You, Donald Muccio, Clinton Grubbs, Ronald Lubet
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Several years ago, our laboratries examined the effects of short-term treatment with the RXR agonist Targretin, a highly effective preventive agent in rodent mammary models, on gene expression. Oligonucleotide microarrays were employed both in normal tissues (liver, lung and mammary gland) and in ER+ mammary cancers (Wang, et al., Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 2006). It was thought that the gene expression changes observed might serve as potential pharmacodynamic markers, as well as giving mechanistic insights into the efficacy of Targretin. Numerous changes in Targretin treated livers and literally hundreds of changes in Targretin treated mammary cancers were observed by microarray analysis. Pathway alterations in Targretin treated mammary cancers included those for MAPK and TGF-beta signaling. In the present RT-PCR studies, a separate laboratory employed different samples collected approximately four years after the originals. Roughly 20 genes whose expression was modulated in the original liver arrays and a similar number of genes from the original mammary cancer arrays were examined. Of the genes examined in the rat liver, which we expected to be relatively homogeneous, roughly 75% were confirmed by RT-PCR (e.g., cytosolic acyl-CoA thioesterase, CYP 2B2, IGFBP2). More surprisingly, approximately two-thirds of the gene changes observed in the rat mammary cancers (e.g., MMP12, apolipoprotein D, CYP4B1) were confirmed. These results imply that even in different samples collected years apart one can confirm gene expression changes observed in arrays in a relatively homogeneous tissue such as liver. Furthermore, one can confirm gene expression changes observed in mammary cancers, a result potentially more surprising since one might expect substantial heterogeneity in those samples. We are also currently examining expression changes of these same genes following treatment with a series of RXR agonists that are structurally dissimilar to Targretin. Targretin is a cyclic compound, while the analogs have a linear 9-cis-backbone (Muccio et al, Carcinogenesis, 2006). In conclusion, the present data support the use of arrays to identify pharmacodynamic markers that may be utilized with agents of the same class. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1244.
Surgery for Angina Pectoris
Authors: WALTER M. GERHOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Surgery for Angina PectorisWALTER M. GERHOLD, M.D.WALTER M. GERHOLD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-477_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As a physician practicing general internal medicine and referring many patients for coronary angiography and subsequent surgery, I want to comment on the editorial about surgical and medical treatment for angina pectoris (1). I believe that controlled studies using patients who already have had a myocardial infarction to decide between medical treatment or surgical intervention in angina are inadequate. The goal of any therapy has to be the preservation of an intact myocardium for the normal lifespan of the patient, and not only to relieve the pain or enable the patient to walk two blocks without symptoms...Reference1. GORLIN R. Complementary roles of surgical and medical therapy for angina pectoris [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:848-50. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WALTER M. GERHOLD, M.D.Affiliations: 1817 Oaklane Road; Flossmoor, IL 60422 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 477-478KeywordsAnginaAngiographyMyocardial infarctionMyocardiumSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Local Treatment of Burns
Authors: R. S. B. Pearson, E. E. Lewis, R. B. Niven
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MEDICALTJSI4NA 1 unpredictable results are obtained.It might be expected that a fall of pressure in the sinus would bring about generalized vasoconstriction and the recovery of the blood pressure until all the vasoconstriction was used up, as it were.This is the general idea that may be read in most
Abstract 5022: Roles of endoplasmic reticulum factor ERLIN2 in malignancy maintenance and therapy resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Guohui Wang, Gang Liu, Stephen P. Ethier, Kezhong Zhang, Zeng-Quan Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) components are highly induced in various tumors and are associated with cancer cell survival and resistance to anti-cancer treatments. The ERAD pathway is crucial for the cell to adapt to ER stress by degrading misfolded, unassembled and even some normal proteins in the ER lumen. Recent work in our group has led us to identify the ER lipid raft-associated 2 (ERLIN2, also known as SPFH2, C8ORF2) gene as one of the candidate oncogenes within the 8p11-12 amplicon in breast cancer based on statistical analysis of copy number increase and over expression. ERLIN2 protein, which localized specifically to the ER, is the key component of ERAD pathway. To elucidate the oncogenic properties of the ERAD factor ERLIN2 in human breast cancer, we established the MCF10A-ERLIN2 cell line, which stably over expresses ERLIN2 in human nontransformed mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) using the pLenti6/V5-ERLIN2 construct. ERLIN2 over expressing cells and their respective parental cell lines were assayed for alterations in growth rates, growth factor-independent proliferation and other phenotypes expressed by cancer cells. From these experiments, we found that over expression of ERLIN2 in MCF10A cells results in growth factor-independent proliferation in insulin-like growth factor deficient media and formed large, highly-proliferative, and abnormally-structured colonies in three-dimensional morphogenesis assays. However, over expression of ERLIN2 in MCF10A cells did not result in cells with anchorage independent growth potential. To further elucidate the molecular basis that ERLIN2 is linked to the ER-stress response pathways in breast cancer cells, we knocked down the ER stress sensor IRE1α activity in the breast cancer cell lines in which ERLIN2 is amplified and over expressed. The knockdown of the IRE1α RNase activity, but not the kinase activity, significantly reduced protein levels of ERLIN2 in ERLIN2 amplified breast cancer cells. In addition, forced expression of wild-type IRE1α or spliced XBP1, the IRE1α target, led to increased expression of ERLIN2 in MCF10A cells. We also found that ERLIN2 protein was induced in response to the ER stress-inducing reagents Tunicamycin, Thapsigargin or growth factor depletion. Together, our findings indicate that ERLIN2 plays an unconventional oncogenic role through modulating ER stress response and ERAD pathways in a subset of breast cancer. Targeted inhibition of ERAD factor ERLIN2 in cancer could provide potential new avenues for therapeutic development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5022.
The histological activity index (HAI) is an early predictor ofcirrhotic evolution of recurrent hepatitis C in liver allografts
Authors: M. Guido, S. Fagiuoli, G. Tessari, P. Burra, P. Boccagni, U. Cillo, R. Naccarato, A. Cecchetto, M. Rugge
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
A pilot investigation of the relative toxicity of indoor and outdoor fine particles: in vitro effects of endotoxin and other particulate properties.
Authors: C M Long, H H Suh, L Kobzik, P J Catalano, Y Y Ning, P Koutrakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In this study we assessed the in vitro toxicity of 14 paired indoor and outdoor PM(2.5) samples (particulate matter < or =2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter) collected in 9 Boston-area homes. Samples were collected as part of a large indoor particle characterization study that included the simultaneous measurement of indoor and outdoor PM(2.5), particle size distributions, and compositional data (e.g., elemental/organic carbon, endotoxin, etc.). Bioassays were conducted using rat alveolar macrophages (AMs), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was measured to assess particle-induced proinflammatory responses. Additional experiments were also conducted in which AMs were primed with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to simulate preexisting pulmonary inflammation such as that which might exist in sick and elderly individuals. Significant TNF production above that of negative controls was observed for AMs exposed to either indoor or outdoor PM(2.5). TNF releases were further amplified for primed AMs, suggesting that preexisting inflammation can potentially exacerbate the toxicity of not only outdoor PM(2.5) (as shown by previous studies) but also indoor PM(2.5). In addition, indoor particle TNF production was found to be significantly higher than outdoor particle TNF production in unprimed AMs, both before and after normalization for endotoxin concentrations. Our results suggest that indoor-generated particles may be more bioactive than ambient particles. Endotoxin was demonstrated to mediate proinflammatory responses for both indoor and outdoor PM(2.5), but study findings suggest the presence of other proinflammatory components of fine particles, particularly for indoor-generated particles. Given these study findings and the fact that people spend 85-90% of their time indoors, future studies are needed to address the toxicity of indoor particles.
Spontaneous inferences provide intuitive beliefs on which reasoning proper depends
Authors: James S. Uleman, Laura M. Kressel, SoYon Rim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Spontaneous inferences are unconscious, automatic, and apparently ubiquitous. Research has documented their variety (particularly in the social domain) and impact on memory and judgment. They are good candidates for Mercier and Sperber's (M&amp;S's) “intuitive beliefs.” Forming spontaneous inferences is highly context sensitive, varying with the perceiver's conscious and unconscious goals, and implicit and explicit theories about the domain in question.
Portosystemic shunt without surgery
Authors: Grace H. Elta, Frederic E. Eckhauser
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Objective. - To determine the effectiveness of the Palmaz balloon expandable stent for the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The device is designed to achieve portal decompression in patients with variceal hemorrhage secondary to portal hypertension. Design. - Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting was performed in eight patients during a 9-month period. Mean follow-up was 5 months. Patients. - All patients had cirrhosis with portal hypertension and varices. Bleeding occurred in seven patients from esophageal varices and in one patient from hemorrhoids. Main Outcome Measures. - Shunt patency and recurrent variceal hemorrhage. Results. - Shunts created from a transjugular approach between a hepatic and a portal vein (diameters of 8 to 12 mm) lowered the average portosystemic pressure gradient from 36 to 11 mm Hg. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.7 days. Complete variceal decompression after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement was identified endoscopically in all eight patients. The patient treated for hemorrhoids rebled and was treated successfully by transfemoral balloon expansion of the shunt diameter from 8 to 12 mm. All shunts were patent at 1 to 9 months (mean, 5 months) of follow-up. Conclusion. - Initial results suggest that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a safe and effective method of portal decompression for the treatment of variceal hemorrhage.
The Meningococcal Vaccine — Public Policy and Individual Choices
Authors: Paul A. Offit, Georges Peter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Every year there are approximately 2200 to 3000 cases of invasive meningococcal disease in the United States. Because of its low cost effectiveness and other limitations, routine use of the meningococcal vaccine is not recommended. However, individual choices may differ from public policy considerations. If parents were aware of this option, many might choose to pay for vaccination in order to protect adolescents and young adults from this devastating infection. Parents and patients need information about the availability of all effective vaccines.
ABCA12 Regulates ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux from Macrophages and the Development of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ying Fu, Nigora Mukhamedova, Sally Ip, Wilissa D’Souza, Katya J. Henley, Tia DiTommaso, Rajitha Kesani, Michael Ditiatkovski, Lynelle Jones, Rachael M. Lane, Garry Jennings, Ian M. Smyth, Benjamin T. Kile, Dmitri Sviridov
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
JAM-C regulates unidirectional monocyte transendothelial migration in inflammation
Authors: Paul F. Bradfield, Christoph Scheiermann, Sussan Nourshargh, Christiane Ody, Francis W. Luscinskas, G. Ed Rainger, Gerard B. Nash, Marijana Miljkovic-Licina, Michel Aurrand-Lions, Beat A. Imhof
Journal: Blood (2007)
Science commentary: Protection against malaria
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Malaria can be prevented. Unfortunately, travellers to areas where malaria is common often put themselves at risk of contracting the disease by ignoring the key steps in malaria prevention. The steps are simple but if ignored can result in unnecessary morbidity and, in some cases, death. The key steps to protect against malaria are:

A—Awareness: know about the risk of malaria

B—Bites by mosquitoes: prevent or avoid

C—Compliance: with appropriate drug regimen

D—Diagnosis: diagnose malaria swiftly and obtain treatment promptly.

The number of cases of malaria imported into …
Stigmatizing women's aggressive behavior: Who does it benefit and why?
Authors: Marc A. Johnston, Charles B. Crawford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Why is female violence a taboo? We suggest that both men and women actively contribute to the creation of this stigma. Men may benefit because nonaggressive women may make better mothers and be more faithful and fertile. Females may benefit by downplaying their aggressive nature because they will be perceived as more valuable mates and because they will be more accepted within female social groups.
Birth Weight and Blood Pressure in Young Adults
Authors: Ruth J.F. Loos, Robert Fagard, Gaston Beunen, Catherine Derom, Robert Vlietinck
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The intrauterine environment may be a critical period for the development of hypertension in later life. In the present study, we applied the twin approach to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental causes that may underlie the birth weight-adult blood pressure association.Birth weights of 418 twin pairs were obtained prospectively, and resting and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures were obtained at the age of 18 to 34 years. In women, resting systolic blood pressure decreased 4.27 mm Hg (P<0.001) and diastolic pressure decreased 2.18 mm Hg (P=0.02) per kilogram increase in birth weight. Similar associations were found for ambulatory measurements, although these were somewhat less pronounced. Pair-wise analysis confirmed these findings: twin pairs of whom both members had a low birth weight (<2500 g) had a higher systolic blood pressure compared with twins who both had a high birth weight (>/=2500 g). Systolic blood pressure of the lightest of a low-birth-weight pair was >/=4.7 mm Hg (P=0.02) higher and of the heaviest >/=2.4 mm Hg higher (P=0.2) than similar measurements in high-birth-weight pairs. Intrapair differences in blood pressure between the lightest and the heaviest at birth were only present in low-birth-weight pairs. The results were similar for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. In men, no associations were found between birth weight and adult blood pressure.These findings suggest that prenatal programming of adult blood pressure occurs at least in female twins. We suggest that particularly maternal influences, experienced by both twin members, may underlie the association between birth weight and blood pressure. The fetoplacental unit seems to influence blood pressure only when both fetuses had low birth weight.