tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE REDUCTION OF TEMPERATURE IN FEVERS BY EVAPORATION BATHS; WARM WATER BEING USED FOR BATHS.
Authors: FRANCIS H. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The method of using cold in fevers described below is the same which I presented at a meeting of the American Association of Physicians in 1895.<sup>1</sup>Since that time I have given some hundreds of baths by this method, chiefly in typhoid fever, and the results have been so good that I desire to take up the subject again. I shall not attempt any detailed presentation of the cases in which this method of reducing the temperature was employed, but merely indicate the principles upon which its successful use depends; for if these are clearly understood, and the directions carefully followed, satisfactory results will ensue. It is necessary that the physician should demonstrate to the nurse exactly what is required to be done; if after this demonstration the reduction in the temperature is not on an average of 2 degrees for each bath, there has probably been some failure
Effects of Low and High Concentrations of Potassium on the Simultaneously Recorded Purkinje and Ventricular Action Potentials of the Perfused Pig Moderator Band
Authors: LEONARD GETTES, BORYS SURAWICZ
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The use of the perfused pig moderator band has allowed us to study the rapid simultaneous changes in Purkinje and ventricular action potentials induced by perfusing solutions of high (10 to 12 m M ) and low (0.6 to 0.8 m M ) K concentrations. High K shortened the plateau more in Purkinje fibers than in ventricular fibers and decreased the difference between the action potential durations of the two fiber types. Low K prolonged the plateau in Purkinje fibers but shortened it in ventricular fibers and increased the difference between the action potential durations. Low K initially hyperpolarized both Purkinje and ventricular fibers. However, the resting potential of the Purkinje fiber subsequently decreased as phase-4 depolarization increased. The decreased maximum repolarization potential associated with low K-induced pacemaker activity was time rather than voltage dependent. When the perfusate was changed from low K to control (K = 4.8 m M ), phase-4 depolarization was rapidly suppressed and the action potential of the Purkinje fiber was shortened to less than that produced by high K, and then changes in amplitude of the resting and action potentials occurred. Our observations help to explain some of the effects of low and high K on rhythm and conduction.
Perilous Knowledge: The Human Genome Project and Its Implications
Authors: Kenneth J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<i>Perilous Knowledge</i>is a narrative of the origins of modern genetics research and the Human Genome Project written without too much technical jargon, which makes it accessible to the nonexpert, whether physician or interested nonprofessional. The author is not a geneticist but a particle physicist and science writer from Great Britain, who has put together a fascinating story of genetics research and politics on both sides of the Atlantic. Wilkie retells the story of how Robert Sinsheimer tried to establish an Institute to Sequence the Human Genome at the University of California at Santa Cruz, how ultimately the Nobel laureate James Watson became involved in the project with the National Institutes of Health, and how the Department of Energy shifted from an emphasis on
Time course of procoagulant activity and D dimer in bronchoalveolar fluid of patients at risk for or with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Authors: T Fuchs-Buder, P de Moerloose, B Ricou, G Reber, C Vifian, L Nicod, J A Romand, P M Suter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Intraalveolar fibrin deposition is a typical finding in acute lung injury and is not necessarily harmful. However, persistence of intraalveolar fibrin deposit may lead to hyaline membrane formation and subsequent alveolar fibrosis, a histologic hallmark of late stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, timing of the intraalveolar clotting disorder seems to be critical. To explore the time course of factors contributing to fibrin deposition and resolution, we sequentially analyzed procoagulant activity and fibrin degradation (by D dimer) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients developing ARDS and those at risk for, but finally not developing, the syndrome. A total of 36 bronchoalveolar lavages were performed in 11 patients developing ARDS and 15 lavages in 10 patients at risk for but not developing this syndrome. All patients were admitted to the intensive care unit for the treatment of sepsis, trauma, or shock. In early phases of ARDS, the procoagulant activity (PCA) in BAL was significantly higher than in the patients at risk, 320 +/- 83 U (mean +/- SEM) versus 50 +/- 25 U, p < 0.05. A similar difference was noted in subacute stages (280 +/- 91 versus 46 +/- 16 U, p < 0.05). In early ARDS we observed higher levels of D dimer in BAL than in patients at risk: 1,841 +/- 827 versus 293 +/- 134 ng/ml, p < 0.05. Similarly, values of D dimer in the subacute phase were 2,776 +/- 836 versus 237 +/- 125 ng/ml, p < 0.05. In ARDS as well as in the at-risk group, D dimer in BAL fluid showed good correlation with the polymorphonuclear leukocyte count and with protein content of BAL. There was no correlation between plasma and BAL levels of D dimer. We conclude that in ARDS both the procoagulant pathway and the fibrin degradation are markedly activated compared with these in patients at risk but finally not developing this syndrome. These findings expand our understanding of intraalveolar coagulation abnormalities by providing evidence of increased fibrin breakdown in this syndrome.
Electroporation-mediated Gene Transfer of the Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase Rescues Endotoxin-induced Lung Injury
Authors: Gökhan M. Mutlu, David Machado-Aranda, James E. Norton, Amy Bellmeyer, Daniela Urich, Rui Zhou, David A. Dean
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are common clinical syndromes resulting largely from the accumulation of and inability to clear pulmonary edema, due to injury to the alveolar epithelium. Gene therapy may represent an important alternative for the treatment and prevention of these diseases by restoring alveolar epithelial function. We have recently developed an electroporation strategy to transfer genes to the lungs of mice, with high efficiency and low inflammation.We asked whether electroporation-mediated transfer of genes encoding subunits of the Na+,K+ -ATPase could protect from LPS-induced lung injury or be used to treat already injured lungs by up-regulating mechanisms of pulmonary edema clearance.Plasmids were delivered to the lungs of mice using transthoracic electroporation. Lung injury was induced by intratracheal administration of LPS (4 mg/kg body weight). Biochemical, cellular, and physiologic measurements were taken to assess gene transfer and lung injury.Improvements in wet-to-dry ratios, pulmonary effusions, bronchoalveolar lavage protein levels and cellularity, alveolar fluid clearance, and respiratory mechanics were seen after delivery of plasmids expressing Na+,K+ -ATPase subunits, but not control plasmids, in LPS-injured lungs. Delivery of plasmids expressing Na+,K+ -ATPase subunits both protected from subsequent lung injury and partially reversed existing lung injury by these measures.These results demonstrate that electroporation can be used effectively in healthy and injured lungs to facilitate gene delivery and expression. To our knowledge, this is the first successful use of gene delivery to treat existing lung injury, and may have future clinical potential.
A CASE OF ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE NECK
Authors: S. WATSON SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1938)

Journal Article A CASE OF ACTINOMYCOSIS OF THE NECK Get access S. WATSON SMITH S. WATSON SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 50, Issue 4, 1 April 1938, Pages 187–188, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1938.tb10531.x Published: 01 April 1938
Transferrin sialic acid contents of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Min‐Fu Tsan, Ursula Scheffel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that asialotransferrin may enhance hepatic uptake of trivalent metal ions through the asialoglycoprotein‐receptor pathway. In hereditary hemochromatosis, there is preferential uptake of iron by hepatocytes. We purified transferrin from two patients with this disease. Their transferrins had normal electrophoretic patterns and contained normal amounts of sialic acid. We conclude that the preferential uptake of iron by hepatocytes in hereditary hemochromatosis is not due to the presence of asialotransferrin in their plasma.
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured-Reply
Authors: Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —Dr Schweppe articulates many of the advantages of the single-payer approach to health insurance that is a critical feature of the Physicians for a National Health Program proposal. As to the question, How are we going to pay for it?, we have stressed the principle of relying on healthy financing mechanisms—progressive payments and taxes on unhealthy products, such as cigarettes. Although we suggested a greater role for payroll taxes in order to minimize disruption of the existing pattern of funding, a graduated federal tax such as that proposed by Schweppe would certainly be consistent with our financing principles. In contrast, employer-mandate proposals violate the healthy financing principle by imposing an extremely regressive tax on employers and employees in low-wage businesses in the form of mandatory private insurance premium payments that are not adjusted for income.  Schweppe correctly emphasizes the administrative savings possible under a single-payer system. Since the
Stress echocardiography in children with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia predicts severe coronary artery disease
Authors: Susan E. Wiegers, Bernard J. Clark, Lise Fishman, Deborah Toth, James M. Wilson, Daniel J. Rader, Martin G.St.John Sutton, Daniel M. Kolansky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Elevated plasma leptin concentrations in early stages of experimental intestinal inflammation in rats
Authors: M Barbier, C Cherbut, A C Aubé, H M Blottière, J P Galmiche
Journal: Gut (1998)

Although leptin, an adipocyte derived hormone which regulates food intake and energy balance, is released after injections of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1, plasma concentrations have not been characterised in chronic inflammation. Leptin may contribute to the anorexia and body weight loss associated particularly with the acute stages of inflammatory bowel disease.To investigate plasma leptin concentrations during the time course of intestinal inflammation in different animal models.Plasma leptin was measured at different time points in rats with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis, indomethacin induced ileitis, or endotoxic shock caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Systemic TNF-alpha was also measured during acute inflammation.Plasma leptin concentrations increased fourfold eight hours after induction of TNBS colitis (p<0.0001) and twofold after administration of ethanol alone (p<0.02). Plasma leptin responses throughout the first post-treatment day were correlated with myeloperoxidase activity and gross damage scores. Similar leptin overexpression was observed in indomethacin induced ileitis and in rats with endotoxic shock. Plasma concentrations were lower in TNBS treated rats than in controls on day 5 before reaching a similar concentration on day 14. Anorexia and body weight loss were observed during the first four days post-TNBS. A significant increase in systemic TNF-alpha was only detected in LPS treated rats.Elevated plasma leptin concentrations, correlated with the degree of inflammation and associated with anorexia, were induced in rats during the early stages of experimental intestinal inflammation but proved transient; this might account for discrepancies in recent results concerning concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Pulmonary Function in Left Ventricular Failure, Including Cardiac Asthma
Authors: RICHARD S. COSBY, ELLERY C. STOWELL, W. RAY HARTWIG, M. MAYO
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Unusually comprehensive studies of pulmonary function in hypertensive patients during left ventricular failure and cardiac asthma are presented. These findings are compared to those in mitral stenosis with congestive failure and in pulmonary emphysema with right heart failure. All patients were severely dyspneic and bedridden.
Engineering of a bio-functionalized hybrid off-the-shelf heart valve
Authors: Svenja Hinderer, Jan Seifert, Miriam Votteler, Nian Shen, Johannes Rheinlaender, Tilman E. Schäffer, Katja Schenke-Layland
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)

Currently available heart valve replacements are limited in long-term performance or fail due to leaflet thickening, lack of growth or remodeling potential. In order to address these issues, it is necessary to mimic multiple factors of the native valvular extracellular matrix (ECM) such as architecture, mechanical behavior and biochemical signals. Here, we successfully generated an electrospun PEGdma–PLA scaffold adapted to the structure and mechanical properties of native valve leaflets. Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and valvular endothelial cells (VECs) were seeded on the scaffold and when cultured under physiological conditions in a bioreactor, the construct performed like a native leaflet. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to obtain detailed mechanical information from the leaflets, which enabled the first layer-specific measurement of the Young's modulus. Interestingly, spongiosa stiffness was much lower compared to the fibrosa and ventricularis. Moreover, investigations into human fetal heart valve development identified collagen type I and versican as important structural proteins. As a proof of principle, these proteins were introduced to the scaffold, demonstrating the ability to bio-functionalize the hybrid valve based on natures' blueprint.
Infectious Etiologies of Childhood Leukemia: Plausibility and Challenges to Proof
Authors: Siobhán M. O’Connor, Roumiana S. Boneva
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Infections as well as environmental exposures are proposed determinants of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), particularly common precursor B-cell ALL (cALL). Lines of investigation test hypotheses that cALL is a rarer result of common infection, that it results from uncommon infection, or that it ensues from abnormal immune development; perhaps it requires a preceding prenatal or early childhood insult. Ideally, studies should document that particular infections precede leukemiA and induce malignant transformation. However, limited detection studies have not directly linked specific human or nonhuman infectious agents with ALL or cALL. Primarily based on surrogate markers of infectious exposure, indirect evidence from ecologic and epidemiologic studies varies widely, but some suggest that infancy or early childhood infectious exposures might protect against childhood ALL or cALL. Several others suggest that maternal infection during pregnancy might increase risk or that certain breast-feeding practices decrease risk. To date, evidence cannot confirm or refute whether at least one infection induces or is a major co-factor for developing ALL or cALL, or perhaps actually protects against disease. Differences in methodology and populations studied may explain some inconsistencies. Other challenges to proof include the likely time lag between infection and diagnosis, the ubiquity of many infections, the influence of age at infection, and the limitations in laboratory assays; small numbers of cases, inaccurate background leukemia rates, and difficulty tracking mobile populations further affect duster investigations. Nevertheless, existing evidence partially supports plausibility and warrants further investigation into potential infectious determinants of ALL and cALL, particularly in the context of multifactorial or complex systems.
Effect of Treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection on the Long-term Recurrence of Gastric or Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: David Y. Graham, Ginger M. Lew, Peter D. Klein, Dolores G. Evans, Doyle J. Evans, Zahid A. Saeed, Hoda M. Malaty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To determine the effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection on the recurrence of gastric and duodenal ulcer disease. ▪ Design: Follow-up of up to 2 years in patients with healed ulcers who had participated in randomized, controlled trials. ▪ Setting: A Veterans Affairs hospital. ▪ Participants: A total of 109 patients infected with H. pylori who had a recently healed duodenal (83 patients) or gastric ulcer (26 patients) as confirmed by endoscopy. ▪ Intervention: Patients received ranitidine, 300 mg, or ranitidine plus triple therapy. Triple therapy consisted of tetracycline, 2 g; metronidazole, 750 mg; and bismuth subsalicylate, 5 or 8 tablets (151 mg bismuth per tablet) and was administered for the first 2 weeks of treatment; ranitidine therapy was continued until the ulcer had healed or 16 weeks had elapsed. After ulcer healing, no maintenance antiulcer therapy was given. ▪ Measurements: Endoscopy to assess ulcer recurrence was done at 3-month intervals or when a patient developed symptoms, for a maximum of 2 years. ▪ Results: The probability of recurrence for patients who received triple therapy plus ranitidine was significantly lower than that for patients who received ranitidine alone: for patients with duodenal ulcer, 12% (95% Cl, 1% to 24%) compared with 95% (Cl, 84% to 100%); for patients with gastric ulcer, 13% (Cl, 4% to 31%) compared with 74% (44% to 100%). Fifty percent of patients who received ranitidine alone for healing of duodenal or gastric ulcer had a relapse within 12 weeks of healing. Ulcer recurrence in the triple therapy group was related to the failure to eradicate H. pylori and to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. ▪ Conclusions: Eradication of H. pylori infection markedly changes the natural history of peptic ulcer in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcer. Most peptic ulcers associated with H. pylori infection are curable.
Quality Assessment and Quality Assurance
Authors: John F. Farrington, William C. Felch, Robert L. Hare
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The medical profession, apparently obsessed with the need to prove itself, has come up with no less than three approaches to assessing, and assuring the public about, physician competence. Two of these approaches — awarding credit for evidence of participation in continuing medical education (CME) and recertification of specialists through written examinations — have received the most attention. An editorial in the Journal last year discussed their relative merits and the ways in which specialty boards could use these approaches and others.1 The third approach, evaluation of actual patient care by assessment of the physician's performance, has received less attention . . .
146 EARLY INTRODUCTION OF EVEROLIMUS IN DE NOVO LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL (EPOCAL)
Authors: U. Cillo, A. Vitale, M. Salizzoni, M. Coledan, G. Rossi, U. Baccarani, L. De Carlis, A. Bertacco, L. Saracino, R. Ramirez Morales, S. Agnes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Broken telephone in the brain: The need for metacognitive measures
Authors: Hakwan Lau, Navindra Persaud
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The fact that early visual processing has a larger capacity than later visual processing can be explained without positing distinct systems for phenomenology and cognitive accessibility. While phenomenology may overflow forced-choice reports, the later can also overestimate the former, as in the case of blindsight. Metacognitive measures of awareness offer a way to address the “methodological puzzle” of consciousness research.
Thrombospondin-1 stimulates platelet aggregation by blocking the antithrombotic activity of nitric oxide/cGMP signaling
Authors: Jeff S. Isenberg, Martin J. Romeo, Christine Yu, Christine K. Yu, Khauh Nghiem, Jude Monsale, Margaret E. Rick, David A. Wink, William A. Frazier, David D. Roberts
Journal: Blood (2007)
1 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF D-PENICILLAMINE AND TRIENTINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF WILSON DISEASE
Authors: K.H. Weiss, M. Schots, D.N. Gotthardt, D. Ferenci-Foerster, A. Maieron, R. Stauber, U. Reuner, R.H.J. Houwen, W. Stremmel, P. Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Detection of 8,9-dihydro-(7'-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 in human urine.
Authors: H Autrup, J Wakhisi, K Vahakangas, A Wasunna, C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A possible role of aflatoxin B1 (AFB) in the etiology of human liver cancer has been suggested from several epidemiological studies. This has been based upon the association between consumption of AFB-contaminated food and the liver cancer incidence in different parts of the world. To further establish the role of AFB as a major factor, we initiated a pilot study in three different districts of Kenya to determine the number of individuals exposed to significant amounts of AFB as measured by the urinary excretion of 8,9-dihydro-8-(7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB-Gua), an adduct formed between the ultimate carcinogenic form of AFB and nucleic acids. This product has previously been detected in urine from rats treated with AFB. Urine collected at the outpatient clinics at the district hospitals were concentrated on C18 Sep-Pak columns and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography under two different chromatographic conditions. The chemical identity of the samples showing a positive response in both chromatographic systems was verified by synchronous scanning fluorescence spectrophotometry. The highest number of individuals with detectable urinary AFB-Gua lived in either Murang'a district or the neighboring Meru and Embu districts. In Murang'a district a rate of 12% was observed in the January-March period, while only 1 of 32 patients (3%) had a detectable exposure in July-August.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computer aided prescribing: Electronic prescribing is helpful in children too
Authors: Kenneth Wong, Paul Tam
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—We concur with Ferner in his review of computer aided prescribing.1 Our centre's experience of e-prescribing started in 1996 as part of the overhaul of the clinical management system. Voluntary reporting of prescribing errors was the only mechanism before the introduction of the computer system and …
Reply to Julia Klap and Kevin R. Loughlin's Letter to the Editor re: Mohit Khera, David Crawford, Alvaro Morales, Andrea Salonia, Abraham Morgentaler. A New Era of Testosterone and Prostate Cancer: From Physiology to Clinical Implications. Eur Urol 2014;65:115–23
Authors: Mohit Khera, Abraham Morgentaler
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Authors: Henry S. Friedman, Darell D. Bigner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive and recalcitrant cancers. A tumor that can be identified radiographically can sometimes be resected, yielding a putatively clean magnetic resonance image postoperatively, but tumor cells are invariably present in areas of the brain that are at a considerable distance from the site of initial diagnosis. The delivery of radiotherapy to a field encompassing the tumor and a margin of 2 to 3 cm increases survival, but not substantially. Systemic treatment may be beneficial, but therapy with nitrosoureas and the methylating agent temozolomide increases survival only slightly. Virtually all patients with glioblastoma multiforme . . .