tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do Waste Incinerators Induce Adverse Respiratory Effects? An Air Quality and Epidemiological Study of Six Communities
Authors: Carl M. Shy, Darrah Degnan, Donald L. Fox, Shaibal Mukerjee, Milan J. Hazucha, Brian A. Boehlecke, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Patsy M. Briggs, Robert B. Devlin, Dennis D. Wallace, Robert K. Stevens, Philip A. Bromberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The purpose of the study presented here was to simultaneously measure air quality and respiratory function and symptoms in populations living in the neighborhood of waste incinerators and to estimate the contribution of incinerator emissions to the particulate air mass in these neighborhoods. We studied the residents of three communities having, respectively, a biomedical and a municipal incinerator, and a liquid hazardous waste-burning industrial furnace. We compared results with three matched-comparison communities. We did not detect differences in concentrations of particulate matter among any of the three pairs of study communities. Average fine particulate (PM2.5) concentrations measured for 35 days varied across study communities from 16 to 32 μg/m3. Within the same community, daily concentrations of fine particulates varied by as much as eightfold, from 10 to 80 μg/m3, and were nearly identical within each pair of communities. Direct measurements of air quality and estimates based on a chemical mass balance receptor model showed that incinerator emissions did not have a major or even a modest impact on routinely monitored air pollutants. A one-time baseline descriptive survey (n = 6963) did not reveal consistent community differences in the prevalence of chronic or acute respiratory symptoms between incinerator and comparison communities, nor did we see a difference in baseline lung function tests or in the average peak expiratory flow rate measured over a period of 35 days. Based on this analysis of the first year of our study, we conclude that we have no evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no acute or chronic respiratory effects associated with residence in any of the three incinerator communities.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adiposity, and Mortality—Reply
Authors: Xuemei Sui
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deletion of the tissue response against alginate-pll capsules by temporary release of co-encapsulated steroids
Authors: C.M. Bünger, B. Tiefenbach, A. Jahnke, C. Gerlach, Th. Freier, K.P. Schmitz, U.T. Hopt, W. Schareck, E. Klar, P. de Vos
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Prospective Randomized Trial of Interferon Alfa-2b and Interleukin-2 as Adjuvant Treatment for Resected Intermediate- and High-Risk Primary Melanoma Without Clinically Detectable Node Metastasis
Authors: Axel Hauschild, Michael Weichenthal, Bernd-Rüdiger Balda, Jürgen C. Becker, Helmut H. Wolff, Wolfgang Tilgen, Klaus-Werner Schulte, Johannes Ring, Dirk Schadendorf, Stephan Lischner, Günter Burg, Reinhard Dummer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Low-dose interferon alfa (IFNalpha) has been shown to have limited effects in the adjuvant treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk primary melanoma. We hypothesized that a combination regimen with low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) may improve survival prospects in these patients.After wide excision of primary melanoma without clinically detectable lymph node metastasis (pT3 to 4, cN0, M0), 225 patients from 10 participating centers were randomly assigned to receive either subcutaneous low-dose IFNalpha2b (3 million international units [MU]/m2/d, days 1 to 7, week 1; three times weekly, weeks 3 to 6, repeated all 6 weeks) plus IL-2 (9 MU/m2/d, days 1 to 4, week 2 of each cycle) for 48 weeks, or observation alone. The primary end point was prolongation of a relapse-free interval.Of the 225 enrolled patients, 223 were found to be eligible. Median follow-up time was 79 months. All evaluated prognostic factors were well balanced between the two arms of the study. Relapses were noticed in 36 of 113 patients treated with IFNalpha2b plus IL-2 and in 34 of 110 patients with observation alone. Five-year disease-free survival of those who had routine surgery supplemented by IFNalpha2b and IL-2 treatment was 70.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61.3% to 78.9%), compared with 69.9% in those receiving surgery and observation alone (95% CI, 60.7% to 79.1%) in the intention-to-treat analysis. Evaluation of the overall survival did not show any difference between treated and untreated melanoma patients (P =.93).Adjuvant treatment of intermediate- and high-risk melanoma patients with low-dose IFNalpha2b and IL-2 is safe and well tolerated by most patients, but it does not improve disease-free or overall survival.
Partial atrioventricular canal defect in adults.
Authors: J K Hynes, A J Tajik, J B Seward, V Fuster, D G Ritter, R O Brandenburg, F J Puga, G K Danielson, D C McGoon
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Between March 1955 and March 1981, 52 adult patients (age 20 years or older) with partial atrioventricular canal (PAVC) were examined at the Mayo Clinic. Forty patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I or II. The ECG showed right bundle branch block with left-axis deviation in 48, first-degree atrioventricular block in 33 and atrial fibrillation in nine. Preoperative catheterization was done in 37 patients; the mean pulmonary resistance index was 2.8 U.m2, and the mean pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio was 3.0. Forty-seven patients underwent operation; two required mitral valve replacement. There were three operative deaths (6.4% operative mortality) and two late deaths. All surviving patients were in NYHA class I or II. No patient required subsequent permanent pacemaker implantation. We conclude that repair of PAVC in adults may be performed at low risk and may improve patient longevity and functional status.
Frame dominance: A developmental phenomenon?
Authors: Lorraine McCune
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Developmental aspects of the frame/content perspective are explored in relation to (1) transitions in early language acquisition, (2) possible differential neurological control for babbling and early and later speech, and (3) development of word production templates in precocious early speakers. Proportionally high frequency of bilabial stops in early stable words versus babble offers advantages for afferent monitoring and supporting “frame dominance.”
Predicting risk of osteoporotic and hip fracture in the United Kingdom: prospective independent and external validation of QFractureScores
Authors: G. S. Collins, S. Mallett, D. G. Altman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the performance of the QFractureScores for predicting the 10 year risk of osteoporotic and hip fractures in an independent UK cohort of patients from general practice records. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> 364 UK general practices contributing to The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. <b>Participants</b> 2.2 million adults registered with a general practice between 27 June 1994 and 30 June 2008, aged 30-85 (13 million person years), with 25 208 osteoporotic fractures and 12 188 hip fractures. <b>Main outcome measures</b> First (incident) diagnosis of osteoporotic fracture (vertebra, distal radius, or hip) and incident hip fracture recorded in general practice records. <b>Results</b> Results from this independent and external validation of QFractureScores indicated good performance data for both osteoporotic and hip fracture end points. Discrimination and calibration statistics were comparable to those reported in the internal validation of QFractureScores. The hip fracture score had better performance data for both women and men. It explained 63% of the variation in women and 60% of the variation in men, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. The risk score for osteoporotic fracture explained 49% of the variation in women and 38% of the variation in men, with corresponding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 and 0.74. QFractureScores were well calibrated, with predicted risks closely matching those across all 10ths of risk and for all age groups. <b>Conclusion</b> QFractureScores are useful tools for predicting the 10 year risk of osteoporotic and hip fractures in patients in the United Kingdom.
Antidepressant Dose, Age, and the Risk of Deliberate Self-harm
Authors: Matthew Miller, Sonja A. Swanson, Deborah Azrael, Virginia Pate, Til Stürmer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized trial data suggests that suicidal behavior is twice as likely when children and young adults are randomized to antidepressants compared with when they are randomized to placebo. Drug-related risk was not elevated for adults older than 24 years. To our knowledge, no study to date has examined whether the risk of suicidal behavior is related to antidepressant dose, and if so, whether risk depends on a patient's age.To assess the risk of deliberate self-harm by antidepressant dose, by age group.This was a propensity score-matched cohort study using population-based health care utilization data from 162,625 US residents with depression ages 10 to 64 years who initiated antidepressant therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors at modal or at higher than modal doses from January 1, 1998, through December 31, 2010.International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) external cause of injury codes E950.x-E958.x (deliberate self-harm).The rate of deliberate self-harm among children and adults 24 years of age or younger who initiated high-dose therapy was approximately twice as high as among matched patients initiating modal-dose therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2 [95% CI, 1.6-3.0]), corresponding to approximately 1 additional event for every 150 such patients treated with high-dose (instead of modal-dose) therapy. For adults 25 to 64 years of age, the absolute risk of suicidal behavior was far lower and the effective risk difference null (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.8-1.9]).Children and young adults initiating therapy with antidepressants at high-therapeutic (rather than modal-therapeutic) doses seem to be at heightened risk of deliberate self-harm. Considered in light of recent meta-analyses concluding that the efficacy of antidepressant therapy for youth seems to be modest, and separate evidence that antidepressant dose is generally unrelated to therapeutic efficacy, our findings offer clinicians an additional incentive to avoid initiating pharmacotherapy at high-therapeutic doses and to closely monitor patients starting antidepressants, especially youth, for several months.
Joking about cerebral palsy
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Joking about cerebral palsy Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Infection Associated with Prosthetic Joints
Authors: Jose L. Del Pozo, Robin Patel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 62-year-old woman with osteoarthritis presents with a 7-month history of progressively worsening left hip pain radiating to the groin, 8 months after undergoing total left-hip arthroplasty. Physical examination reveals a sinus tract overlying her left hip. A radiograph shows loosening of the prosthesis at the bone–cement interface. How should her case be managed?
Biochemical Disorders in Human Disease.
Authors: R. H. S. Thompson, E. J. King
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1958)

This book deals with the whole gamut of human disease: gastrointestinal, hepatic and biliary, hematologic, hypertensive, renal and genitourinary, adrenal, thyroid and parathyroid, nervous, osseous, muscular, nutritional, and metabolic. British and American authors, each well known in his field, have contributed to it. The subjects are treated on an "organ basis" rather than on a chemical functional basis, which is the more prevalent custom in textbooks of this kind. Treatment of the material is thorough, well documented and critical, but at the same time practical and clinically oriented. The editors have succeeded in preserving the many advantages of multiple authorship without obvious duplications. In this age of biochemistry it is safe to predict that this new book will be eagerly accepted by scientifically minded physicians, investigators, and students of medicine as one of the best available introductions to and sources for the subject.
IDF's anthrax vaccine trial "violated Helsinki Convention"
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2009)

After an 18 month investigation of a clinical trial in which, from 1999 to 2006, an Israeli developed anthrax vaccine was injected into more than 700 soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), a committee appointed by the Israel Medical Association has released a critical report. 

The 90 page document was released at the end of March by order of the Supreme Court, after the defence ministry opposed its publication.

The committee, comprising five senior doctors and a former president of the Weizmann Institute of Science, was appointed after Israel’s Channel 2 television investigative programme Uvda ( Fact ) uncovered the story and described some of the …
Ozone-induced Airway Inflammatory Changes Differ between Individuals and Are Reproducible
Authors: OLAF HOLZ, RUDOLF A. JÖRRES, PETRA TIMM, MARION MÜCKE, KAI RICHTER, SILKE KOSCHYK, HELGO MAGNUSSEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

To study whether the individual inflammatory response to ozone was reproducible, dose-dependent, and time-dependent, we performed two exposures to 250 ppb ozone, one to 125 ppb and one to filtered air, each for 3 h of intermittent exercise and separated by at least 1 wk. Twenty-one healthy and 15 asthmatic subjects participated in the study. One hour after the two exposures to 250 ppb ozone we observed a mean increase in sputum neutrophils of 17.9 and 17.9% in healthy and of 20.3 and 15.2% in asthmatic subjects (p < 0.05 each). Twenty-four hours after exposure, the respective values were 11.9 and 14.8%, and 9.1 and 16.1% (p < 0.05 each). In the whole group of subjects, individual changes in the percentage of neutrophils were significantly correlated between the two exposure days 1 h (r = 0.87, p < 0.001; intraclass correlation coefficient [Ri] = 0.86) as well as 24 h (r = 0.79, p < 0.001; Ri = 0.71) after exposure. The percentages of lymphocytes were increased 24 h after exposures (all subjects combined: p < 0.05). The decrease in FEV1 in both groups (p < 0.01), was also reproducible (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), but there were no correlations between changes in sputum parameters and lung function. Exposure to 125 ppb ozone caused a small increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of neutrophils in asthmatic subjects and in the concentrations of interleukin-8 in both groups combined. Our data demonstrate that inflammatory and lung function responses to ozone differ between individuals and are reproducible but not related to each other. Therefore, these responses appear to represent two independent factors underlying the airway response to ozone.
New Oversight Put in Place for Physicians Giving Anemia Drugs to Patients With Cancer
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

tension guidelines, to develop a hypertension disease management plan consistent with JNC guidelines, and to achieve blood pressure control. While the CDC has yet to determine why guideline adherence is poor, George Bakris, MD, president-elect of the American Society of Hypertension, said some reasons are obvious. “There is a general lack of willingness to increase doses for patients with an asymptomatic disease, especially when the patients are telling you that theydonotwant thedrugs,” said Bakris, who is also professor of medicine and the director of the University of Chicago Medical Center’s hypertension center. “This kind of communication takes time. But because reimbursement for such discussions is so low, it forces physicians to see a lot of patients in a short period of time, and the discussion is cut short.” Vincenza Snow, MD, director of clinical programs and quality of care for the American College of Physicians (ACP), said physicians are aware of the guidelines, but they sometimes fail to bring that knowledge to the patient encounter. “Physicians have trouble implementing the guidelines because of competing priorities, patients with multiple comorbidities, or visits for acute problems where planned chronic care gets pushed back to the end of the visit.” And while acknowledging a certain lack of adherence to guidelines, Snow added that ACP data suggest adherence rates may be artificially low due to measurement methods. “When you are told that 70% of blood pressure levels in your practice are not at target, you have to remember that many times the denominator used to get that 70% is all the patients associated with your practice who haveacode forhypertension,”Snowsaid. “But some of these patients have never come to your practice—they were assigned to your practice by an insurance company and never make an appointment—and some may come in for 1 visit and never return.” Snow said the ACP has implemented programstoimproveadherenceforthose patients who are truly under treatment by a physician. “What we have learned from our quality improvement program is that we train teams,” Snow said. “You have to change your systems to help yousucceed.Youneedtogetothermembersofyour teaminvolved; for example, maybe someone on your staff is very interested in patient education.”
Hepatitis B virus hepatotropism is mediated by specific receptor recognition in the liver and not restricted to susceptible hosts
Authors: Alexa Schieck, Andreas Schulze, Caroline Gähler, Thomas Müller, Uwe Haberkorn, Alexander Alexandrov, Stephan Urban, Walter Mier
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The human hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic infections in humans and chimpanzees. HBV infects its hosts at minimal inoculation doses and replicates exclusively in hepatocytes. The viral determinants for the pronounced species specificity and the high efficacy to address hepatocytes in vivo are unknown. Previous findings showed that N-terminally myristoylated peptides constituting a receptor binding domain of the HBV large envelope (L)-protein block HBV entry in vitro and in vivo. Here we investigate the ability of such peptidic receptor ligands to target the liver. Injection of radioactively labeled HBVpreS-lipopeptides resulted in rapid accumulation in livers of mice, rats, and dogs but not cynomolgus monkeys. Without lipid moiety the peptide was excreted by renal filtration, indicating its possible retention through the lipid by serum factors. Organ distribution studies of 26 HBVpreS peptide variants revealed a correlation of HBV infection inhibition activity and the ability to target mouse livers. Together with complementary studies using primary hepatocytes of different species, we hypothesize that HBV hepatotropism is mediated through specific binding of the myristoylated N-terminal preS1-domain of the HBV L-protein to a hepatocyte specific receptor. Moreover, the restricted infectivity of HBV to human primates is not generally determined by the absence of this binding receptor in nonsusceptible hosts (e.g., mice) but related to postbinding step(s) (e.g., membrane fusion).HBVpreS-lipopeptides target to the liver. This observation has important clinical implications regarding the pharmacokinetic properties of Myrcludex B, the first entry inhibitor for HBV/HDV. In addition, this provides the basis for the application of the peptides as vehicles for hepatocyte-specific drug targeting.
Phase I Study of Combination Topotecan and Carboplatin in Pediatric Solid Tumors
Authors: U. H. Athale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We conducted a phase I trial of escalating doses of topotecan (TOPO) in association with a fixed systemic exposure of carboplatin (CARBO) with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two separate cohorts of patients (pts) with solid tumors were studied: (A) pts with refractory or recurrent disease and (B) pts with no prior myelosuppressive therapy or newly diagnosed tumors for which there was no standard chemotherapy. CARBO was given on day 1 at an area under the curve of 6.5, followed by TOPO as a continuous infusion for 3 days; the starting dose of TOPO was 0.50 mg/m2/d. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. G-CSF was given at a dose of 5 μg/kg/d starting on day 4. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 51 pts were assessable for toxicity. In group A, dose-limiting myelosuppression persisted despite de-escalation of TOPO to 0.3 mg/m2/d and use of G-CSF. In group B, the maximum-tolerated dose of TOPO was 0.5 mg/m2/d for 3 days, and 0.6 mg/m2/d for 3 days with G-CSF. No significant nonhematologic toxicities were observed. Among 46 pts assessable for response, one had complete response, five had partial response, and 18 had stable disease. CONCLUSION: Although this combination possesses antineoplastic activity in pediatric solid tumors, hematologic toxicity precluded any meaningful TOPO dose escalation. The addition of G-CSF did not alter this. The potential for preservation of activity and diminution of toxicity with alternative sequences and schedules of administration (topoisomerase followed by alkylating or platinating agents) should be evaluated.