tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Procaine in Carotid Arteriography
Authors: C. Norman Shealy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article, "Intraarterial Administration of Procaine Hydrochloride After Arteriography" (<b>201</b>:813, 1967), seems well founded and based on a large clinical series with no complications. However, I think it must be pointed out to physicians doing arteriography that the procedure which they mention has been carried out on brachial, femoral, and axillary arteries, and presumably without any significant pressure being used for the injection of the procaine. It has been pointed out that there is a considerable risk to injecting procaine into the carotid artery during carotid arteriography, as this has been shown to produce serious seizures.<sup>1</sup>
A Brief Perspective on Cochlear Implants
Authors: Thomas Balkany
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Some of the earliest human records evidence an interest in the recognition and treatment of deafness. Even the most ancient and primitive tribes placed minerals and plant extracts in the ear, with empirical or magical intent1. However, only in the past several decades have physicians been able to treat adequately that most severe of ear disorders, profound sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness). Cochlear implants are electronic prostheses that partially replace the function of the cochlea, the hearing portion of the inner ear that transduces sound waves into coded electrochemical signals. Because most nerve deafness is caused by the dysfunction . . .
Legionnaires' Disease in Patients with Associated Serious Disease
Authors: DIETER W. GUMP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Of nine patients with Legionnaires' disease, seven were receiving corticosteroids, and all nine had serious underlying diseases. Direct immunofluorescent examination of respiratory secretions, including sputum and transtracheal aspirates, showed the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium in five of seven patients who seroconverted and in a sixth patient with a single elevated titer to the LD bacterium. All nine patients received erythromycin therapy, and five survived. Two patients showed persistence of their infection after receiving 2 weeks of erythromycin therapy, and two patients developed pulmonary abscesses. These cases of Legionnaires' disease show the occurrence of pulmonary abscesses, the possibility of relapse after giving only 2 weeks of erythromycin therapy, and the utility of direct immunofluorescence for early diagnosis.
Interstitial and Coxsackievirus B Myocarditis in Infants and Children
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Fifty hearts of infants and children were collected at routine autopsies and were surveyed by means of routine histologic techniques and immunofluorescent antibody staining methods. Twenty-nine hearts had interstitial myocarditis with varying degree of myocardial damage. Seventeen had interstitial reactions with an increase in cellularity and with patchy edema. Coxsackievirus B antigens were found in 12 of these hearts. The high incidence of coxsackievirus B antigen in the myocardium of the infants and children is possibly related to the "myocarditis," labeled variously as Fiedler's, idiopathic, interstitial, isolated, or aseptic myocarditis or chronic rheumatic heart disease. The common occurrence of clinically occult coxsackievirus B infection may possibly be related to the etiology of still-births, congenital anomalies, and sudden, unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood. The need for better diagnostic virological facilities in clinical practice is evident from these studies.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in Immunosuppressed Hosts
Authors: PETER R. EGBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We observed the course of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in 21 eyes of 14 immunosuppressed patients. In two patients, other organisms, specifically Toxoplasma and Candida, also appeared to be causing retinal disease simultaneously. Post-mortem examination was done on 10 eyes from seven patients. At initial presentation, the retinitis was often asymptomatic and diagnosed during routine examination. The ophthalmoscopic picture was characteristic of cytomegalovirus; the early lesion was a small opaque, white granular area of retinal necrosis that spread in a centrifugal, brush-fire-like manner over 1 to 8 months. Vessel sheating and hemorrhages appeared as the disease progressed. In two patients new foci of retinitis developed remote from the original lesion. Four weeks to 4 months (average, 10 weeks) elapsed from the most extensive disease to total resolution. Resolution of active disease left a subtle retinal scar, and final visual acuity was reduced in one half the eyes. Repeated ophthalmoscopic examinations can aid in early diagnosis of CMV retinitis and in ascertaining which persons are most at risk for visual loss.
Predictive genetics and predictive morphology have certain similarities
Authors: E. Foucar
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Evans et al may be exaggerating the distinction between genetic predictive testing and predictive testing based on various phenotypic abnormalities.1 Phenotypic predictive testing, such as grading the histopathological abnormalities in breast ducts, is often performed on tissue from clinically well patients.

Genetic and histopathological tests use different methodologies to search for the presence of cellular structural abnormalities that are useful for risk assessment in asymptomatic patients. Both types of test, though, carry a degree of uncertainty …
Impairment of Stromelysin-1 Transcriptional Activity by Promoter Mutations in High Microsatellite Instability Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Alberto Morán, Pilar Iniesta, Carmen de Juan, Cristina García-Aranda, Antonio Díaz-López, Manuel Benito
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Colorectal tumorigenesis is characterized by the sequential inactivation of a series of tumor suppressor genes (microsatellite-stable tumors) and genetic or epigenetic alterations in mismatch repair genes in nonpoliposic hereditary tumours and 13% to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancer [high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) tumors]. We hypothesized a molecular mechanism for MSI-H colorectal tumors related to matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) promoter mutations, down-regulation of MMP-3 expression, and impairment of MMP-9 activation. We have now analyzed the 2.2-kb full MMP-3 promoter to assess the mutation distribution. The mutations found are restricted to the polymorphic region that includes the zinc-binding protein (ZBP-89) binding element. To show that these alterations were the cause of the low expression of this gene, we have generated three constructs with different MMP-3 promoters (wild type and two mutants) and we have expressed them in SW480 human colorectal cells. The basal transcriptional activity of wild-type MMP-3 promoter was much higher than the mutants activity. In addition, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced transcriptional activity of wild-type MMP-3 promoter was 10-fold higher than the mutants activity. Dexamethasone inhibited the basal transcriptional activity of wild-type MMP-3 promoter and of the two mutants found in the MSI-H subgroup of colorectal tumors. Significantly, dexamethasone almost completely blunted the TPA-induced effect on wild-type MMP-3 promoter transcriptional activity and on the mutants, even below their basal activity. Our data show that mutations found in the polymorphic region of the MMP-3 promoter from MSI-H colorectal tumors impair its basal and induced transcriptional activity, which may contribute to their better clinical outcome.
Chinese government detains doctor who criticised it
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The doctor who exposed the under-reporting of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in China is in custody and is being subjected to “study sessions,” in which he is being pressured to bring his views into line with those of the government.

Dr Jiang Yanyong is thought to have angered the Chinese authorities in two ways. Not only did he show that the Chinese government was failing to record accurately all SARS cases last year ( BMJ 2003;326:839) but he also recently criticised the 1989 military crackdown on student protests in Tiananmen Square.

According to …
ARISTOL: SOME OF ITS USES IN SURGERY.Read in the Section of Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: WILLIAM C. WILE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

My attention was first called to the value of aristol in the treatment of surgical cases, by Dr. Eichoff, of Elberfield, Germany, and Lowenstein, of Vienna, whose reports were published in the early part of 1890. I have always been a firm advocate of the value of iodoform in surgery, but I had become well convinced of the fact that it was, in many cases, a source of great annoyance, from its repulsive odor, to a great majority of cases, and having seen many, where its poisonous effects were apparent, I at once became impressed with the value which must pertain to a remedy which was free from toxic effects, was inodorous and as valuable an antiseptic as iodoform. One of the very first cases in which I used it was of such a character, and the results were so satisfactory, that it almost immediately displaced iodoform in my practice,
Impact of Efavirenz on Neuropsychological Performance and Symptoms in HIV-Infected Individuals
Authors: David B. Clifford, Scott Evans, Yijun Yang, Edward P. Acosta, Karl Goodkin, Karen Tashima, David Simpson, David Dorfman, Heather Ribaudo, Roy M. Gulick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Efavirenz is a commonly used antiretroviral drug that causes neurologic side effects in more than 50% of patients.To characterize efavirenz-associated neurologic symptoms in a randomized, controlled study of initial antiretroviral treatment.Substudy of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of combination antiretroviral regimens (A5095) that was performed between March 2001 and January 2002.Multicenter academic clinical trial units.HIV-infected patients who were initiating therapy in the context of a controlled trial.Neuropsychological performance measures, including the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and the Trail Making Test (Parts A and B); symptom questionnaires; standardized assessments of sleep quality, anxiety, and depression; and efavirenz plasma concentrations.Twenty of 303 (6.6%) enrolled participants prematurely discontinued the study. Neuropsychological performance improved in both groups over time without significant differences between patients who were receiving efavirenz and those who were not. The efavirenz group experienced more neurologic symptoms at week 1 (P < 0.001) but not at weeks 4, 12, or 24. A sleep index revealed that participants receiving efavirenz had more "bad dreams" during the first week of therapy (P = 0.038). No significant changes in anxiety or depressed mood were noted. Changes in efavirenz-associated neurologic symptoms were correlated to efavirenz plasma concentrations at week 1 but not at later time points. Twelve (6%) patients receiving efavirenz stopped taking the drug before the end of the study because of central nervous system symptoms.Participant selection may have been biased in favor of patients with fewer psychiatric complications. The study design permitted substitution of a new drug in place of efavirenz in cases of treatment-limiting toxicity.In a large controlled trial, efavirenz use was associated with neurologic symptoms distinct from depression and anxiety that began early in therapy but resolved by week 4. Improvement in neuropsychological performance was comparable in patients who were receiving efavirenz and those who were not.
Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: James D. Reynolds
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The use of anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents has revolutionized the treatment of certain neovascular ocular conditions including age-related macular degeneration. Off-label use of bevacizumab increased rapidly because it was readily available, inexpensive, and offered positive clinical results in patients with a major disease (age-related macular degeneration) for which there were no other good treatment options. In this issue of the Journal, Mintz-Hittner and colleagues1 describe a multicenter, randomized trial with the potential to stimulate a dramatic shift in the treatment of acute retinopathy of prematurity.Retinopathy of prematurity is a disease of the immature retina in which preterm . . .
Acute clostridial enteritis--or pig-bel?
Authors: P G Devitt, G W Stamp
Journal: Gut (1983)

Acute postprandial gastric dilatation and associated clostridial enteritis necroticans is a well recognised but unusual clinical condition. Non-pathological overeating, gastric distension, and clostridial enteritis, termed pig-bel, has been reported in Papua, New Guinea. A similar condition (Darmbrand) was reported from Germany after the second world war, but it is not a condition seen in our society today. Gastric dilatation alone may be seen in individuals with anorexia nervosa, who may occasionally indulge in episodes of overeating (bulimia). We wish to report a case of gastric dilatation associated with a fulminating enteritis, and discuss the similarities with enteritis necroticans (pig-bel).
Spontaneous remission of solar keratoses: the case for conservative management
Authors: R. MARKS, P. FOLEY, G. GOODMAN, BRIDGET H. HAGE, T. S. SELWOOD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Spontaneous remission of solar keratoses: the case for conservative management Get access R. MARKS, R. MARKS Monash University Departments of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Dr Robin Marks, Monash University Department of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, Australia 3181. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. FOLEY, P. FOLEY Monash University Departments of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. GOODMAN, G. GOODMAN Monash University Departments of Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BRIDGET H. HAGE, BRIDGET H. HAGE Monash University Departments of Social and Preventive Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. S. SELWOOD T. S. SELWOOD Monash University Departments of Social and Preventive Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 115, Issue 6, 1 December 1986, Pages 649–655, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb06644.x Published: 01 December 1986 Article history Accepted: 22 May 1986 Published: 01 December 1986
Parental Perceptions of the Psychological Adjustment of Children with Diabetes and Their Siblings
Authors: John V Lavigne, Howard S Traisman, Thomas J Marr, Ira J Chasnoff
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

This study examined the psychological adjustment of children with diabetes and their siblings. Data were collected for 41 diabetic children and their siblings between ages 6 and 11 yr who were followed in a large pediatric practice. The diabetic group was matched with 35 control children who were followed for routine pediatric care and their siblings. Diabetic families and the controls did not differ on divorce rate or level of marital adjustment. Behavior problems were measured through the use of the Achenbach Behavior Checklist for both sexes separately at the 6–11 and 12–16-yr-old age levels. Diabetic boys, aged 6–11 yr, were higher than nondiabetic boys on internalizing and externalizing symptom scales, particularly on measures of schizoid tendencies, obsessive compulsive symptoms, hyperactivity, and aggression. Neither female patients, male siblings, nor female siblings in the 6–11-yr-old age group differed from controls on emotional adjustment. Among the 12–16-yr-old males, diabetic patients were higher on internalizing symptoms than male siblings and their controls. Male siblings tended to be lower than diabetic patients and controls on school performance. Social class differences may have contributed to the differences at the 12–16-yr age levels. Female subjects in the 12–16-yr-old age group did not differ on measures of adjustment. Level of control was unrelated to patients' or siblings' adjustment, but behavioral symptoms tended to increase for male diabetic patients with length of illness, and tended to decrease for male siblings. Results are interpreted according to social class effects and sex differences.
Fetal growth markers may show nutritionally mediated effect
Authors: S. Langley-Evans
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Robinson's editorial on the first world congress on the fetal origins of adult disease reflects just one element of the extensive programme of research investigating this hypothesis.1 The quantity and quality of epidemiological data suggest irrefutably that there is some association between prenatal factors and later cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other chronic conditions. The assertion that less than optimal maternal nutrition underlies these …
213. Improving the Therapeutic Index of Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector for Crigler-Najjar Gene Therapy
Authors: David Dimmock, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Viraj Mane, Donna Palmer, Arthur Beaudet, Philip Ng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Crigler|[ndash]|Najjar syndrome is an inborn error of metabolism characterized by severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia caused by a deficiency of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1). Current treatment relies on phototherapy to prevent kernicterus, and liver transplantation to prevent long term complications. Life-long correction of hyperbilirubinemia by liver directed gene therapy using a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) has been recently reported in the Gunn rat model. However, in that study complete phenotypic correction was only achieved using a dose of |[ge]|3x1012 vp/kg and only partial correction was observed at 6x1011 vp/kg. These doses are very high and may be lethal in humans. To increase the therapeutic index, we injected Gunn rats with a HDAd bearing an improved expression cassette containing the PEPCK promoter, the hUGT1A1 cDNA, the WPRE and a liver specific enhancer (LCR). We observed complete phenotypic correction with 5x1011 vp/kg and partial correction with 1x1011 vp/kg. These are the lowest therapeutic doses reported to date. We have previously shown that hydrodynamic injection of HDAd results in increased hepatic transduction compared to conventional injection. Combining this method of delivery with our improved construct, complete correction was achieved with 5x1010 vp/kg for the duration of the observation period (at least 6 months). Although hydrodynamic injection is not feasible in large animals, we have developed methods to mimic hydrodynamic injection of HDAd into larger animals which have yielded encouraging results (see accompanying abstract). Taken together these strategies may offer clinical gene therapy for Crigler|[ndash]|Najjar syndrome.
Mouse xenograft modeling of human adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia provides mechanistic insights into adult LIC biology
Authors: Bella Patel, Aditi Dey, Anna Z. Castleton, Claire Schwab, Edward Samuel, Janani Sivakumaran, Brendan Beaton, Nahid Zareian, Christie Yu Zhang, Lena Rai, Tariq Enver, Anthony V. Moorman, Adele K. Fielding
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 1796: The impact of adjuvant immunochemotherapy using protein-bound polysaccharide-K on overall survival of gastric cancer
Authors: Hiroaki Tanaka, Masaichi Ohira, Kazuya Muguruma, Naoshi Kubo, Hisashi Nagahara, Kenjiro Kimura, Ryosuke Amano, Eiji Noda, Nobuya Yamada, Masakazu Yashiro, Kiyoshi Maeda, Naoyoshi Onoda, Tetsuji Sawada, Bunzo Nakata, Tetsuro Ishikawa, Kosei Hirakawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) has been approved as an anti-cancer agent to be used in combination with chemotherapeutic drug for adjuvant therapy against gastric cancer. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that PSK has antitumor and immunomodulating properties. However, there is little evidence about the effectiveness of PSK in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PSK on overall survival of patients with gastric cancer and predict the suitable case selection for postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy. The patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who underwent surgical curative resection between 2000 and 2007 at Deptarment of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University were included in this retrospective study. All patients received oral fluorinated pyrimidine anti-metabolites with or without PSK after surgical operation. We analyzed clinicopathological features and evaluated the impact of PSK on postoperative survival rate of resectable gastric cancer. We identified 254 patients with a median follow-up of 33 months (range, 7-110 months). 138 patients received oral anti-metabolized alone (control group) and 115 patients received anti-metabolites plus PSK (PSK group). 139 patients of the cohort experienced postoperative recurrence. No significant difference between control and PSK group in overall survival or relapse free survival was detected over the 8-year period. In patients with early tumor recurrence, PSK group increased overall survival significantly (p&amp;lt;0.023). Among patients with pN3 lymph nodes metastasis, PSK group had better median overall survival of 28 months compared with 22 months with oral chemotherapeutics alone. After multivariate Cox regression analysis, duration of PSK administration was associated with an increased overall survival (p=0.002, HR 0.964, 95%CI 0.942 to 0.987). Our results suggested that adjuvant immunochemotherapy with PSK increased overall survival for patients with pN3 and early tumor recurrence. A population with lymph nodes metastasis might be a suitable to combine PSK with oral chemotherapeutic agents for postoperative adjuvant therapy against gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1796. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1796