tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural evolution of sleep apnoea syndrome: a five year longitudinal study
Authors: E Sforza, G Addati, F Cirignotta, E Lugaresi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

We wanted to investigate the natural evolution of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS). We therefore followed 58 patients who refused any treatment at the time of diagnosis. Of the eligible patients 32 subjects enrolled in instrumental follow-up. The effects on daytime somnolence, daytime lung function and nocturnal respiratory disturbances were retrospectively evaluated by repeating Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), spirometry and polysomnography after a follow-up period of at least 5 years (5.7 +/- 0.2 SEM yrs). In the patient group as a whole the mean Apnoea+Hypopnoea Index (AHI), the mean low arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) and the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) did not change over time. The only significant differences were the increase in mean duration of apnoeas (21.0 vs 23.5 s) and hypopneas (13.5 vs 16.3 s) and the decrease in AHI &lt; 80% (13.3 vs 7.9). No correlations were found between the changes in AHI or mean low Sao2 and age, BMI, AHI, mean low Sao2, pulmonary function tests or arterial blood gases at baseline. No significant changes were observed in systemic blood pressure, pulmonary function tests, blood gases analysis or MSLT. "Improved" (n = 6) and "worsened" (n = 7) groups were defined by a reduction or increase in AHI over 35% of baseline value. At baseline the "worsened" group tended to have lower AHI and higher mean low Sao2 compared with the "improved" group. In the "worsened" group the BMI rose significantly from 26.0 to 29.2, AHI rose significantly from 14.1 to 51.3 and mean low Sao2 decreased from 92 to 90 (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of ET, primary myelofibrosis and PV in mice expressing JAK2 V617F
Authors: K Shide, H K Shimoda, T Kumano, K Karube, T Kameda, K Takenaka, S Oku, H Abe, K S Katayose, Y Kubuki, K Kusumoto, S Hasuike, Y Tahara, K Nagata, T Matsuda, K Ohshima, M Harada, K Shimoda
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Left Maxillary Sinus Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma on FDG PET-CT
Authors: Linh Ho, Murali Meka, Brian K. Gamble, John J. Shim, John Seto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report the PET-CT appearance of a newly diagnosed malignant fibrous histiocytoma, involving the left maxillary sinus with pulmonary metastases, in a 69-year-old man. Initial staging PET-CT images demonstrated a large, intensely hypermetabolic mass involving the entire left maxillary sinus, consistent with the primary tumor. In addition, there were several hypermetabolic pulmonary nodules bilaterally, most consistent with pulmonary metastases. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a high-grade and aggressive sarcoma and relatively rare in the head and neck region, and very rare in the maxillary sinus. The main management includes surgical resection with or without postoperative chemoradiation therapy.
Intramuscular betamethasone dipropionate vs. oral prednisolone in hay fever patients
Authors: L. C. Laursen, P. Faurschou, H. Pals, U. G. Svendsen, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1987)

In a double‐blind group comparative study, 36 adult, birch pollen‐allergic outpatients with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis, were treated with either oral prednisolone 7.5 mg daily for 3 weeks or an injection with 2 ml suspension of betamethasone dipropionate and betamethasone disodium phosphate (Diprospan ® ) immediately prior to the birch pollen season. Both treatments were able to prevent an increase in symptoms from the nose and the eyes during the 3‐week birch pollen season. There was no significant difference in symptom score or nasal peak flow between the two treatments. However, there was a significant suppression of adrenal gland function after oral prednisolone treatment in contrast to Diprospan treatment. Unless there are contraindications for treatment with depot steroid injections (children, pregnant women, patients suffering from peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, eye disease, herpes, hypertension or diabetes) it seems to be a reasonable alternative to ored prednisolone in hay fever patients.
Distinct roles for the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rho in endothelial responses to shear stress
Authors: Song Li, Benjamin P.C. Chen, Nobuyoshi Azuma, Ying-Li Hu, Steven Z. Wu, Bauer E. Sumpio, John Y.-J. Shyy, Shu Chien
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Shear stress, the tangential component of hemodynamic forces, plays an important role in endothelial remodeling. In this study, we investigated the role of Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rho in shear stress–induced signal transduction and cytoskeleton reorganization. Our results showed that shear stress induced the translocation of Cdc42 and Rho from cytosol to membrane. Although both Cdc42 and Rho were involved in the shear stress–induced transcription factor AP-1 acting on the 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol-acetate–responsive element (TRE), only Cdc42 was sufficient to activate AP-1/TRE. Dominant-negative mutants of Cdc42 and Rho, as well as recombinant C3 exoenzyme, attenuated the shear stress activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs), suggesting that Cdc42 and Rho regulate the shear stress induction of AP-1/TRE activity through JNKs. Shear stress–induced cell alignment and stress fiber formation were inhibited by the dominant-negative mutants of Rho and p160ROCK, but not by the dominant-negative mutant of Cdc42, indicating that the Rho-p160ROCK pathway regulates the cytoskeletal reorganization in response to shear stress.
The role of self-antigen in the development of autoimmunity in Obese strain chickens with spontaneous autoallergic thyroiditis.
Authors: L C Pontes de Carvalho, J Templeman, G Wick, I M Roitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Neonatal thyroidectomy of Obese strain (OS) chickens showed that the spontaneous development of thyroid autoimmunity in these animals was fully dependent upon the presence of autoantigen, and could not be ascribed essentially to antigen-independent mechanisms such as polyclonal lymphocyte activation or innate distortions within the idiotype network. Similarly, removal of the gland in animals with established thyroiditis demonstrated the need for antigen to maintain the autoimmune response. Thyroglobulin from normal chickens induced autoantibodies in neonatally thyroidectomized OS birds, suggesting that an abnormality in the structure of this protein is not a prerequisite for the development of autoimmunity. This contention is supported by the finding that OS and normal thyroglobulin were immunochemically indistinguishable, whether compared using OS autoantibodies or rabbit anti-chicken thyroglobulin sera.
ABSENCE OF ARTICULATE SPEECH.CLASSIFICATION OF ONE HUNDRED CASES NOT DUE TO MECHANICAL FAULTS OR DEAFNESS.
Authors: C. H. HENNINGER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The anxiety often expressed by parents in regard to a child's inability to talk, the number of such cases reÃÂ¬ quiring special care, training and treatment, and the relation of the absence of articulate speech to the child's future development and usefulness, have prompted me to present a classification of cases in which there is absence of articulate speech not due to mechanical faults or deafness, with a few remarks on the most interesting conditions found. The patients are inmates of the State Institution for Feeble-Minded of Western Pennsylvania. To express ideas in language we must understand the meaning of words and the formation of ideas, and we must have a co-ordinate action of the muscles concerned in speech. In these cases of aphasia one or more of these conditions are absent, with the general absence of the power of verbal experssion,
Parallel Sites Implicate Functional Convergence of the Hearing Gene Prestin among Echolocating Mammals
Authors: Zhen Liu, Fei-Yan Qi, Xin Zhou, Hai-Qing Ren, Peng Shi
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Echolocation is a sensory system whereby certain mammals navigate and forage using sound waves, usually in environments where visibility is limited. Curiously, echolocation has evolved independently in bats and whales, which occupy entirely different environments. Based on this phenotypic convergence, recent studies identified several echolocation-related genes with parallel sites at the protein sequence level among different echolocating mammals, and among these, prestin seems the most promising. Although previous studies analyzed the evolutionary mechanism of prestin, the functional roles of the parallel sites in the evolution of mammalian echolocation are not clear. By functional assays, we show that a key parameter of prestin function, 1/α, is increased in all echolocating mammals and that the N7T parallel substitution accounted for this functional convergence. Moreover, another parameter, V1/2, was shifted toward the depolarization direction in a toothed whale, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and a constant-frequency (CF) bat, the Stoliczka's trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus). The parallel site of I384T between toothed whales and CF bats was responsible for this functional convergence. Furthermore, the two parameters (1/α and V1/2) were correlated with mammalian high-frequency hearing, suggesting that the convergent changes of the prestin function in echolocating mammals may play important roles in mammalian echolocation. To our knowledge, these findings present the functional patterns of echolocation-related genes in echolocating mammals for the first time and rigorously demonstrate adaptive parallel evolution at the protein sequence level, paving the way to insights into the molecular mechanism underlying mammalian echolocation.
RNA interference mediated in human primary cells via recombinant baculoviral vectors
Authors: Linda J. Nicholson, Marie Philippe, Alan J. Paine, Derek A. Mann, Colin T. Dolphin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The success of RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells, mediated by siRNAs or shRNA-generating plasmids, is dependent, to an extent, upon transfection efficiency. This is a particular problem with primary cells, which are often difficult to transfect using cationic lipid vehicles. Effective RNAi in primary cells is thus best achieved with viral vectors, and retro-, adeno-, and lentivirus RNAi systems have been described. However, the use of such human viral vectors is inherently problematic, e.g., Class 2 status and requirement of secondary helper functions. Although insect cells are their natural host, baculoviruses also transduce a range of vertebrate cell lines and primary cells with high efficiency. The inability of baculoviral vectors to replicate in mammalian cells, their Class 1 status, and the simplicity of their construction make baculovirus an attractive alternative gene delivery vector. We have developed a baculoviral-based RNAi system designed to express shRNAs and GFP from U6 and CMV promoters, respectively. Transduction of Saos2, HepG2, Huh7, and primary human hepatic stellate cells with a baculoviral construct expressing shRNAs targeting lamin A/C resulted in effective knockdown of the corresponding mRNA and protein. Development of this baculoviral-based system provides an additional shRNA delivery option for RNAi-based investigations in mammalian cells.
Ethical Considerations of Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies in Conventional Medical Settings
Authors: Karen E. Adams, Michael H. Cohen, David Eisenberg, Albert R. Jonsen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Increasing use of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies by patients, health care providers, and institutions has made it imperative that physicians consider their ethical obligations when recommending, tolerating, or proscribing these therapies. The authors present a risk–benefit framework that can be applied to determine the appropriateness of using CAM therapies in various clinical scenarios. The major relevant issues are the severity and acuteness of illness; the curability of the illness by conventional forms of treatment; the degree of invasiveness, associated toxicities, and side effects of the conventional treatment; the availability and quality of evidence of utility and safety of the desired CAM treatment; the level of understanding of risks and benefits of the CAM treatment combined with the patient's knowing and voluntary acceptance of those risks; and the patient's persistence of intention to use CAM therapies. Even in the absence of scientific evidence for CAM therapies, by considering these relevant issues, providers can formulate a plan that is clinically sound, ethically appropriate, and targeted to the unique circumstances of individual patients. Physicians are encouraged to remain engaged in problem-solving with their patients and to attempt to elucidate and clarify the patient's core values and beliefs when counseling about CAM therapies.
A Retronephric Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Demonstrating Avid Uptake of Ga-67
Authors: M CLAGETT COLLINS, EDWARD L. DEMMI, JAMES F. DeLONG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

COLLINS, M. CLAGETT M.D.; DEMMI, EDWARD L. M.D.; DELONG, JAMES F. M.D., F.A.C.P. Author Information
ACTION OF DIATHERMY IN CALCIFIED SUBDELTOID BURSITIS
Authors: Joseph F. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1925)

E. M., a man, aged 52, a musician, was referred to me, Jan. 21, 1925, complaining of a painful left shoulder with inability to raise his left arm from his side. He stated that this condition had been present seven years with intermittent attacks of inability to raise the arm. The roentgenograms verified the diagnosis of calcified subdeltoid bursitis (January 19). He received his first treatment, January 21, and at the end of two weeks' treatment he was able to resume his occupation, that of a musician, playing a bass viol in a symphony orchestra. Some pain, however, persisted, and it was necessary in all to give him thirty-two treatments, at the end of which time all the symptoms, namely, pain and restricted motion, had disappeared. Roentgenograms were again taken, April 6, and showed an absorption of the greater part of the deposit. These pictures, forming the case record,
Recombinant lipid transfer protein Cor a 8 from hazelnutA new tool for in vitro diagnosis of potentially severe hazelnut allergy
Authors: Frauke Schocker, Dirk Lüttkopf, Stephan Scheurer, Arnd Petersen, Anna Cisteró-Bahima, Ernesto Enrique, Mar San Miguel-Moncín, Jaap Akkerdaas, Ronald van Ree, Stefan Vieths
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Health authority pays out 2m over radiation blunder
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

North Staffordshire Health Authority has agreed to a £2m ($3.2m) settlement plus substantial costs for 95 victims of a hospital blunder which resulted in patients with cancer being underdosed with radiation over nine years.

More than 1000 patients at the North Staffordshire Royal Infirmary in Stoke on Trent received dosages between 5% and 35% lower than intended. The mistake was made by the hospital's senior physicist, Margaret …
Clinical oncology information network
Authors: S J Karp
Journal: BMJ (1994)

One in three people develop cancer some time in their lives. Treatment - surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy - cures between a third and a half of them. Most of the restneed some form of palliative care, commonly entailing radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Whenfaced with the unsettling reports of overdosage of radiation in Exeter1 and underdosage in North Staffordshire2 and the severe late complications of radiotherapy alleged by Radiotherapy Action Group Exposure (RAGE, p 188)3 the public isjustifiably alarmed. Moreover, doctors who have made errors in administering chemotherapy have faced charges of criminal negligence.4 Howcanthese problems be avoided or detected before many patients have been affected?

The royal colleges are responsible for ensuring the highest standards of clinical practice, and for the past two years the Faculty of Clinical Oncology of the Royal College of Radiotherapists has been addressing this issue. The proposed solutions include a programme of quality assurance in radiotherapy for all clinical oncology departments based on the experience of two pilot sites in Bristol and Manchester.5 Among the other proposals …
CLINICAL SUPERVISION OF THE WELL BABY DURING THE FIRST YEAR
Authors: H. H. YERINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

With the enormous amount of work going on in Europe at this time, the need of more organized work in the conservation of child life is beginning to be felt in this country. This work has its foundation, for the most part, in our large public clinics, and the ones doing the greatest work are those having the proper organization for handling it. Those of us who have spent many years in clinic and hospital work and are connected with teaching institutions have often felt that constructive work in the ordinary clinic is lacking, that great numbers of our patients go home with improper treatment and that the work on the part of. the clinicians becomes monotonous. It has seemed to me that the factors in making a children's clinic a success are the following: (1) a supervising head who is present at all times during clinic hours, capable of
Non-thrombocytopenic Purpura after Chlorpromazine
Authors: E. Marley
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Non-thrombocytopenic Purpura after Administration of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (" largactil ") is one of the series of alkyl amine derivatives of phenothiazine and is used in a wide variety of psychiatric conditions.The case documented here is, so far as I know, the first reported instance of purpura associated with its adnministration.
No confidence votes unsettle NHS trusts
Authors: C Court
Journal: BMJ (1994)

A vote of no confidence in the leadership of two separate NHS trusts has reinforced the fears of doctors who believe that a confrontational style of management is invading the health service.

In Plymouth this week junior doctors endorsed their earlier vote of no confidence in the management of Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust after the sacking of Pat Cooksley, a sister in the neurological ward, for gross professional misconduct. The charge was made after the sister had rewritten a patient's drug chart in the absence of a doctor. The hospital to which the patient went next noticed this omission and sent back an untoward incident slip. Pat Cooksley was suspended, an investigation was held, and she was then dismissed and had …
Cancer and the Patient
Authors: KENNETH B. OLSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Editorials1 November 1974Cancer and the PatientKENNETH B. OLSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.KENNETH B. OLSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-696_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe word "cancer" has a connotation that produces fear and terror. It is often linked with "terminal." It is therefor unfortunate that some medical schools have been unwilling to identify a scholastic area for the study and understanding of cancer and its impact on the patient and family. The existence of more than 28 special institutes for the study of cancer, most of which have a nebulous relation to medical schools and medical students, is a testimonial to this dereliction. As a result many medical students and hence physicians retain and propagate the lay attitude towards cancer. They are unaware...Reference1. MAJOR R: Clessic Description of Disease. Springfield, Charles C Thomas, Publisher, 1945, pp. 235-236 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 810 Oakview Drive, New Smyrna Beach, Florida Division of Oncology Albany Medical College Albany, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 696-696 ePublished: 12 March 2020 Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: S. F. Morin, G. Yamey, G. W. Rutherford
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A once daily pill reduces risk in some groups but implementation will be challenging

On 16 July 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a fixed dose combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF-FTC; Truvada) as a once daily pill for prevention of HIV infection in at risk adults.1 Approval of this combination for pre-exposure prophylaxis is one of several reasons why some HIV experts believe “the end of AIDS” is in sight.2 But is such optimism justified?

The excitement about this treatment is understandable given that the HIV epidemic in the United States persists,1 mainly among men who have sex with men and African-Americans. Condoms are effective at preventing HIV,3 but their use is inconsistent.1 Identifying and treating every infected person to achieve viral suppression could reduce transmission (so called treatment as prevention),4 but such treatment expansion is still a long way off. Therefore, pre-exposure prophylaxis could, in theory, produce population level reductions in HIV transmission.

The efficacy of TDF-FTC for pre-exposure prophylaxis was demonstrated in two large randomised double blind placebo controlled trials, which were the basis for its approval by the FDA. The multinational Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Initiative trial, which looked at 2499 HIV negative men or transgender women who have sex with men who reported high risk behaviour, found a 44% reduction in incidence (95% confidence interval 15% to 63%; P=0.005).5 A pre-exposure prophylaxis trial in Kenya and Uganda of 4758 HIV serodiscordant heterosexual couples found …