tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain Tumor Chemotherapy With Methotrexate Given Intrathecally
Authors: Horace Norrell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A new technique has been described for the intrathecal administration of cytotoxic agents with use of the components of a ventriculoatrial shunt. The results obtained in six patients given methotrexate intrathecally for a variety of intracranial tumors justifies further clinical trial.
Hemodynamic Effects of Epinephrine, Bicarbonate and Calcium in the Early Postnatal Period in a Lamb Model of Single-Ventricle Physiology Created In Utero
Authors: V. Mohan Reddy, John R. Liddicoat, Doff B. Mcelhinney, Jeffrey R. Fineman, Judith R. Klein, Roger Chang, Frank L. Hanley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
World No-Tobacco Day: Media Is Message
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

NEXT TUESDAY is World No-Tobacco Day. The World Health Organization, an autonomous unit within the United Nations system, has promoted World NoTobacco Day for 7 years in an attempt to "encourage governments, communities, groups, and individuals to become aware of the problem and to take appropriate action." The theme of next week's World No-Tobacco Day is "The [news] Media and Tobacco: Getting the Health Message Across." In recent days, more than ever, that message repeatedly has been printed in newspapers and magazines and broadcast on radio and television. <h3>Media 'Message of Doom'?</h3> It perhaps is understandable if some in the tobacco industry tend to interpret that message as one of doom. This spring's news media accounts of events affecting the industry cannot be cheering to those who make their living from tobacco. For example, it has been reported in the news media that Congress and the Food and Drug Administration
Risk Factors for Loss of Visual Acuity among Patients with Uveitis Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Study
Authors: Anthony C. Gregory, John H. Kempen, Ebenezer Daniel, R. Oktay Kaçmaz, C. Stephen Foster, Douglas A. Jabs, Grace A. Levy-Clarke, Robert B. Nussenblatt, James T. Rosenbaum, Eric B. Suhler, Jennifer E. Thorne
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
The c-kit+ Maturation Pathway in Mouse Thymic T Cell Development: Lineages and Selection
Authors: Koichi Akashi, Irving L Weissman
Journal: Immunity (1996)

Positive selection of T cells begins with TCRαβlo thymic progenitors. Here, we show that the most efficient TCRlo progenitors are c-kit+ with intermediate levels of CD4 and CD8 (DPint). Positive selection of DPint TCRlo c-kit+ cells results in TCRmed CD69+ c-kit+ transitional intermediates that show increased TCRVβ frequencies to selecting superantigen (SAg) that are committed to the CD4 or CD8 pathway. The cells on the c-kit+ maturation pathway maintain Bcl-2 expression. Most DPint c-kit+ progenitors fail positive selection, and become DPhi c-kit− cells that lose Bcl-2 expression. Some DPhi c-kit− blast cells can be salvaged to produce mature single-positive (SP) cells. DPint c-kit+ maturation to SP cells can occur in <12 hr in vitro on thymic stromal monolayers.
Combination of scaffold and adenovirus vectors expressing bone morphogenetic protein-7 for alveolar bone regeneration at dental implant defects
Authors: Yufeng Zhang, Jianhua Song, Bin Shi, Yining Wang, Xiaohui Chen, Cui Huang, Xuecao Yang, Dongxuan Xu, Xiangrong Cheng, Xinwen Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Response to Psychologic Stress in Persons Who Are Potentially Hypertensive
Authors: ROBERT E. HARRIS, MAURICE SOKOLOW, LEWIS G. CARPENTER, MERVIN FREEDMAN, SAMUEL P. HUNT
Journal: Circulation (1953)

College women who are prehypertensive and matched controls were exposed to emotion-provoking situations, psychologic tests, and psychiatric interviews. Patterns of response differentiating the groups were observed. The prehypertensives were less well controlled, more impulsive, more egocentric, and generally less adaptable in the stressful situations. In the psychiatric interviews, behavior similar to that of patients with hypertension was noted. The findings suggest that prehypertensives are more vulnerable in situations involving psychologic stress, and hence more subject to the autonomic concomitants of emotion, including repetitive rises of blood pressure.
Connections with death
Authors: P I Reed
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

I read Dr Abbasi's recent From the Editor (JRSM 2007;100:205) with some interest, especially the reference to the late Dr Robert Volpe, a member of the Journal's Editorial Advisory Board, whom I knew when working at the Toronto General Hospital in the late 1950s and who died in April 2005. I believe that Fellows would be interested to know a little of the achievements of this long-standing member of the Advisory Board.

He was an internationally renowned endocrinologist and researcher, the first to highlight the role of specialized cells of the immune system in thyroid disease, and was instrumental in establishing the Canadian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. In 1996 he gave the celebratory lecture commemorating the 200th anniversary of the birth of Robert Graves in Dublin. He was on the staff of several of Toronto's university hospitals as Professor of Medicine for many years. A Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada for nearly 50 years, he was elected their Vice-President of Medicine, and in 2003 he was named an Officer of the Order of Canada, the country's highest honour for lifetime achievement. He was predeceased by his wife and survived by his four children.
Preparticipation screening for cardiovascular abnormalities in young competitive athletes
Authors: Michael Papadakis, Greg Whyte, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The cardiovascular benefits of regular physical exercise are well established.1 However, a small proportion of young (≤35 years) athletes with unsuspected heart disease are at increased risk of exercise related sudden cardiac death.2 The majority of such deaths are attributable to cardiac anomalies,2 3 4 most of which can be identified during life. A range of therapeutic strategies can be implemented to prevent fatalities, raising support for screening young athletes in medical and sporting communities.5 6 7 8 9 The efficacy, cost effectiveness, and impact of false positive tests of preparticipation screening strategies are, however, controversial. This article provides a factual overview of preparticipation screening, as more general practitioners are likely to be confronted with the questions relating to cardiovascular screening in athletes in countries where systematic screening programmes are currently not available.

#### Summary points

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched PubMed and Medline from 1980 onwards using the search terms “pre-participation screening”, “sudden death”, “electrocardiogram”, “athletes”, “black athletes”, and “cost-effectiveness”. Although we scrutinised and selected the highest quality articles, comprising original papers, reviews, recommendations, and consensus reports, the studies are all population based, prospective or retrospective observational reports. …
In vivo trafficking of adoptively transferred interleukin-2 expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results of a double gene marking trial.
Authors: J S Economou, A S Belldegrun, J Glaspy, E M Toloza, R Figlin, J Hobbs, N Meldon, R Kaboo, C L Tso, A Miller, R Lau, W McBride, R C Moen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Adoptive immunotherapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and IL-2 appears to produce dramatic regressions in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cancer. However, the in vivo mechanism of TIL function is not known. We conducted an UCLA Human Subject Protection Committee, Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, and FDA-approved clinical trial using genetically-marked TIL to test the hypothesis that these cells have unique, tumor-specific in vivo trafficking patterns. TIL and PBL (as a control effector cell population) were isolated and expanded in parallel in vitro in IL-2-containing medium for 4-6 wk. During the expansion, TIL and PBL were separately transduced with the amphotropic retroviral vectors LNL6 and G1Na. Transduced TIL and PBL were coinfused into patients and their respective numbers measured in tumor, peripheral blood, and normal tissues; integrated provirus could be quantitated and distinguished by DNA PCR. Nine patients were treated (six melanoma, three renal) and received between 4.5 x 10(8) and 1.24 x 10(10) total cells. Both "marked" TIL and PBL could be detected circulating in the peripheral blood, in some patients for up to 99 d after infusion. Marked TIL and/or PBL could be detected in tumor biopsies in six of nine patients as early as day 6 and as late as day 99 after infusion. No convincing pattern of preferential trafficking of TIL vs. PBL to tumor was noted. Moreover, concurrent biopsies of muscle, fat, and skin demonstrated the presence of TIL/PBL in comparable or greater numbers than in tumor in five patients. The results of this double gene marking trial provide interesting insights into the life span and trafficking of adoptively transferred lymphocytes, but do not support the hypothesis that TIL specifically traffic to tumor deposits.
Conflict of Interest — or Conflict of Priorities?
Authors: Elizabeth G. Nabel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Whenever conflict of interest is mentioned in the context of clinical research, we tend to think of financial interests that may influence the ability of a person — particularly, a member of an institutional review board (IRB) — to make impartial decisions about the risks and benefits of a protocol. However, other interests are equally important elements of the clinical research enterprise. Research volunteers are vitally interested in their personal health, industry is strongly motivated to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics, and government entities are pledged to ensure proper oversight and conduct of research involving human subjects. Above all, maintaining . . .
Venous Occlusion Following Greenstick Fracture of Clavicle
Authors: Mohinder A. Mital
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Circulatory embarrassment is associated with most fractures of the clavicle due to soft-tissue trauma and hematoma. These are easily handled by bracing back the shoulder and immobilizing the region of the fracture with a figure-of-8 bandage. Complete occlusion of the subclavian vein is rare. We encountered a case of this following a greenstick fracture of the clavicle. After conventional means of reduction and immobilization failed, manual reduction with two towel clips and immobilization with a modified spica was performed.
THE PREVENTION OF COLDS, AND THEIR, SEQUELA, BY SURGICAL METHODS.Read before the South Carolina Medical Association, June 9, 1891,
Authors: W. PEYRE PORCHER
Journal: JAMA (1892)

There is, perhaps, no class of diseases to which humanity is more subject than rhinitis, or common coryza, nor are there any to which less attention is paid, and perhaps not any of which less knowledge is had of their true character and proper treatment. It is apparent that the larynx and bronchi soon give way to frequent inroads of these attacks. In the simplest inquiry into the functions of the nose as a breathing organ, we find that the mucous membrane covering the turbinated bones is composed of erectile tissue, styled by Bigelow, of Boston, the turbinated corpora cavernosa. It is composed of large venus sinuses, which can be suddenly filled by the capillaries which open abruptly into them, causing distention and erection. This arrangement, in combination with the vibrissae and ciliated epithelia, serves the two-fold purpose of acting as a guard against the entrance of cold, draughty air,
Statin Intolerance
Authors: Connie B. Newman, Jonathan A. Tobert
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Study of Internal Medicine
Authors: WALLACE V. EPSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 October 1979Study of Internal MedicineWALLACE V. EPSTEIN, M.D., CURTIS J. HENKE, M.A.WALLACE V. EPSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CURTIS J. HENKE, M.A.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-4-649 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their introductory overview of the practice of internal medicine, Girard and colleagues (1) have made a notable contribution by adding to our woefully small data base on the realities of practice. While the quality of the data and their analysis will become clearer as the individual subspecialties are presented, at least one sampling problem warrants consideration.The population of self-designated subspecialists in Girard and associates' study is based on the American Medical Association (AMA) Physician Masterfile of physicians for 1976, "the only nationwide source of continuously updated information about physicians" (1). Their Table 1 indicates that...References1. GIRARDMENDENHALLTARLOVRADECKIABRAHAMSON RRASS. A national study of internal medicine and its specialties: I. An overview of the practice of internal medicine. Ann intern Med. 1979;90:965-75. LinkGoogle Scholar2. EPSTEINHENKE WC. Variation in characteristics of academic and nonacademic U.S. rheumatologic practice; 1976-1977. In: "American Rheumatism Association Annual Scientific Meeting." Denver: 1 June 1979. Google Scholar3. MENDENHALLGIRARDLLOYDDE FLORIO RRJG. Rheumatology Practice Study Report. Los Angeles: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Division of Research in Medical Education; 1978. (USC/DRME D-1080). Google Scholar1. GIRARDMENDENHALLTARLOVRADECKIABRAHAMSON RRASS. A national study of internal medicine and its specialties: I. An overview of the practice of internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:965-75. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California School of Medicine San Francisco, CA 94117 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe nature of u.s. rheumatology practice, 1977 1 October 1979Volume 91, Issue 4Page: 649-650KeywordsSub-specialty care Issue Published: 1 October 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Assessing the Proposed Medicare Reforms
Authors: R Fein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The mid-November Republican budget would have reduced federal Medicare expenditures by $270 billion over the next seven years. That target was not the product of an analysis of the benefits and costs of Medicare. There was no examination of Medicare that concluded that during the next seven years the federal government could or should reduce expenditures by $270 billion or, for that matter, by any other number.The $270 billion figure was an artifact. It was determined by considerations unrelated to Medicare. Had the Republican leadership decided to balance the budget in, say, five years instead of seven (even with . . .
Synthesis, Retention, and Biological Activity of Methotrexate Polyglutamates in Cultured Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Jacques Jolivet, Richard L. Schilsky, Brenda D. Bailey, James C. Drake, Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

To determine the pharmacologic importance of methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates, we examined the formation, retention, and effect of these metabolites in cultured human breast cancer cells. Two cell lines (MCF-7 and ZR-75-B) converted the drug to γ-polyglutamate derivatives in a dose- and time-dependent reaction. After 24-h incubations with 2 μM MTX, polyglutamates of two to five amino acids in length accounted for 55.4% (51.9 nmol/g) of intracellular drug in the MCF-7 cells and 87.6% (62.4 nmol/g) of drug in ZR-75-B cells. In contrast, MDA-231 cells showed lesser accumulation of MTX, and only 32% (4.06 nmol/g) of the intracellular drug was in the form of polyglutamates, a difference that could only partially be explained by decreased ability of these cells to take up free drug from the medium. When MCF-7 and ZR-75-B cells containing polyglutamates were transferred to drug-free medium for 24 h, 22 and 51% of the total intracellular drug were, respectively, retained in each cell line. The loss of intracellular drug was primarily accounted for by disappearance of parent compound and polyglutamates containing 1-3 additional glutamyl residues. The rates of disappearance from cells decreased with increasing glutamyl chain length. All of the 4-NH2-10-CH3-PteGlu5 and 47 and 38% of the 4-NH2-10-CH3-PteGlu4 remained in the MCF-7 and ZR-75-B cells, respectively, and could be identified in the cytosol after 24 h in drug-free medium. The retention of MTX polyglutamates in these two cell lines in excess of dihydrofolate reductase binding capacity led to prolonged inhibition of thymidylate synthesis and loss of cell viability after removal of extracellular MTX. After 24-h incubation with 2 μM MTX and an additional 24 h in drug-free medium, [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation was still inhibited to 30% of control in the MCF-7 cells and 34.7% of control in ZR-75-B cells; this persistent inhibition was associated with a 30% reduction in cell numbers in each cell line during the 24-h period in drug-free medium. In contrast, [3H]deoxyuridine incorporation and cell growth quickly recovered to normal in the MDA-231 cells following removal of 2 μM MTX from the medium after a 24-h incubation. Prolonged inhibition of both thymidylate synthesis and cell growth was observed in this cell line in drug-free medium only after a 24-h incubation with 10 μM MTX, a condition that leads to the synthesis of 11.3 nmol/g of MTX polyglutamates.
Association Between Postresuscitation Partial Pressure of Arterial Carbon Dioxide and Neurological Outcome in Patients With Post–Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Authors: Brian W. Roberts, J. Hope Kilgannon, Michael E. Chansky, Neil Mittal, Jonathan Wooden, Stephen Trzeciak
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Partial pressure of arterial CO2 (Paco(2)) is a regulator of cerebral blood flow after brain injury. Recent guidelines for the management of cardiac arrest recommend maintaining Paco(2) at 40 to 45 mm Hg after successful resuscitation; however, there is a paucity of data on the prevalence of Paco(2) derangements during the post-cardiac arrest period and its association with outcome.We analyzed a prospectively compiled and maintained cardiac arrest registry at a single academic medical center. Inclusion criteria are as follows: age ≥18, nontrauma arrest, and comatose after return of spontaneous circulation. We analyzed arterial blood gas data during 0 to 24 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation and determined whether patients had exposure to hypocapnia and hypercapnia (defined as Paco(2) ≤30 mm Hg and Paco(2) ≥50 mm Hg, respectively, based on previous literature). The primary outcome was poor neurological function at hospital discharge, defined as Cerebral Performance Category ≥3. We used multivariable logistic regression, with multiple sensitivity analyses, adjusted for factors known to predict poor outcome, to determine whether post-return of spontaneous circulation hypocapnia and hypercapnia were independent predictors of poor neurological function. Of 193 patients, 52 (27%) had hypocapnia only, 63 (33%) had hypercapnia only, 18 (9%) had both hypocapnia and hypercapnia exposure, and 60 (31%) had no exposure; 74% of patients had poor neurological outcome. Hypocapnia and hypercapnia were independently associated with poor neurological function, odds ratio 2.43 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-5.65) and 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.71), respectively.Hypocapnia and hypercapnia were common after cardiac arrest and were independently associated with poor neurological outcome. These data suggest that Paco(2) derangements could be potentially harmful for patients after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
Induction of tachykinin gene and peptide expression in guinea pig nodose primary afferent neurons by allergic airway inflammation.
Authors: A Fischer, G P McGregor, A Saria, B Philippin, W Kummer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have potent proinflammatory effects in the airways. They are released from sensory nerve endings originating in jugular and dorsal root ganglia. However, the major sensory supply to the airways originates from the nodose ganglion. In this study, we evaluated changes in neuropeptide biosynthesis in the sensory airway innervation of ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged guinea pigs at the mRNA and peptide level. In the airways, a three- to fourfold increase of SP, NKA, and CGRP, was seen 24 h following allergen challenge. Whereas no evidence of local tachykinin biosynthesis was found 12 h after challenge, increased levels of preprotachykinin (PPT)-A mRNA (encoding SP and NKA) were found in nodose ganglia. Quantitative in situ hybridization indicated that this increase could be accounted for by de novo induction of PPT-A mRNA in nodose ganglion neurons. Quantitative immunohistochemistry showed that 24 h after challenge, the number of tachykinin-immunoreactive nodose ganglion neurons had increased by 25%. Their projection to the airways was shown. Changes in other sensory ganglia innervating the airways were not evident. These findings suggest that an induction of sensory neuropeptides in nodose ganglion neurons is crucially involved in the increase of airway hyperreactivity in the late response to allergen challenge.