tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Interleukin 1 β -Induced Human Airway Smooth Muscle Hyporesponsiveness to Histamine
Authors: JAN L. PYPE, HAIYAN XU, MARLEEN SCHUERMANS, LIEVEN J. DUPONT, WIM WUYTS, JUDITH C. W. MAK, PETER J. BARNES, MAURITS G. DEMEDTS, GEERT M. VERLEDEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We have investigated the effect of IL-1 β on histamine H1-receptor (H1R)-mediated inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and on histamine-induced contraction of human bronchial rings. Stimulation of HASMC for 24 h with IL-1 β resulted in significant loss of histamine-induced IP formation, which was associated with a reduction of histamine- induced contraction of IL-1 β -treated human bronchial rings. An inhibitor of NF- κ B activation, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and a p38 MAPK inhibitor, blocked the IL-1 β -induced H1R desensitization, whereas anisomycin, an SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK activator, mimicked the effect of IL-1 β . IL-1 β has been demonstrated to induce cox-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. In our study, indomethacin a cox antagonist, completely inhibited the effect of IL-1 β on H1R, whereas exogenously added PGE2 was able to desensitize H1R. Furthermore, H-89, a selective PKA inhibitor, antagonized the effect of IL-1 β . Here, we have demonstrated that IL-1 β desensitizes H1R, which involves the activation of p38 MAPK and NF- κ B, leading to the expression of cox-2 and the synthesis of PGE2. PGE2 increases intracellular cAMP resulting in PKA activation, which phosphorylates and functionally uncouples H1R. Our results suggest that IL-1 β protects airway smooth muscle against histamine-induced contractile responses and that bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine is not associated with proinflammatory cytokine-induced enhancement in H1R signaling.
Reduced plasma transforming growth factor-β1 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C after interferon-α therapy: association with regression of hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Hirofumi Tsushima, Sumio Kawata, Shinji Tamura, Nobuyuki Ito, Yasuhiro Shirai, Shinichi Kiso, Yoshinori Doi, Akira Yamada, Osamu Oshikawa, Yuji Matsuzawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Patients are at risk because of nurses' long hours, says report
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Many hospitals and nursing homes are endangering patients by allowing or requiring nurses to work more than 12 hours a day, according to a report commissioned by the US government.

Long hours cause fatigue, reduce productivity, and increase the risk that the nurses will make mistakes that harm patients, says the report, conducted by the Institute of Medicine.

The report said many nurses and nursing assistants worked more than 12 consecutive hours, with some working double shifts of 16 hours. …
Ursodiol for Hepatobiliary Disorders
Authors: Raymond A. Rubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To explain the rationale supporting the use of ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) for the treatment of patients with cholesterol gallstones and chronic liver diseases and to describe the results obtained in clinical trials. Data Sources: Personal databases of the authors and MEDLINE were used to identify relevant English-language articles. Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials evaluating ursodiol for the treatment of patients with cholesterol gallstones and chronic liver diseases were emphasized. Data Synthesis: Ursodiol is at least as effective as chenodiol (chenodeoxycholic acid) for the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones and is associated with fewer adverse effects. Ursodiol desaturates bile, solubilizing cholesterol from the stone surface. The diameter of the largest stone is the most important determinant of successful dissolution. Dissolution with ursodiol is effective for approximately 30% to 50% of stones smaller than 20 mm in diameter, with the best results for small, buoyant stones. A meta-analysis of randomized trials with ursodiol found that the dissolution rate was 37% for patients treated with ursodiol at doses of more than 7 mg/kg per day or of more than 500 mg/d for at least 6 months. Maintenance therapy is effective for prevention of gallstone recurrence. Ursodiol also improves biochemical markers of cholestasis and inflammation when used to treat cholestatic liver diseases. By displacing potentially hepatotoxic bile salts, it appears to interrupt the cycle of cholestatic injury. It may also exert hepatoprotective membrane-stabilizing or immunomodulatory effects (or both). Improvements in laboratory variables are limited to the treatment period, with relapses after withdrawal of therapy. Pruritus may be markedly relieved in individual patients treated with ursodiol. Conclusions: Ursodiol is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of patients with cholesterol gallstones. Although treatment with ursodiol leads to improvement in biochemical markers for cholestatic liver diseases, whether it alters the natural history of these disorders is the subject of ongoing trials.
Injuries Associated With Three-Wheeled, All-Terrain Vehicles, Alaska, 1983 and 1984
Authors: Suzanne M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

From January 1983 through December 1984, twenty deaths and at least 534 injuries in Alaska were associated with three-wheeled, all-terrain vehicles. Age at death ranged from 12 to 53 years; 15 deaths (75%) were in the 15- to 34-year age group. Of the 20 fatalities, 12 (60%) might have been prevented had the riders been wearing a helmet. Alcohol use was detected or highly suspected as the major contributing cause of the fatal crash for 12 of 15 drivers and three of five female passengers. Potential risk factors for injuries associated with all-terrain vehicles include alcohol use, failure to use helmets, rider inexperience and inattention, and excessive speed.
Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: José Luño, Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe, Juan Carlos Ayus
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

This supplement of the Journal of American Society of Nephrology contains some of the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Hypertension and the Kidney. The Conference, held in Madrid, Spain, in February 2006, was organized by the Department of Nephrology of the Hospital General, Universitario Gregorio Marañón, under the sponsorship of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spanish Society of Nephrology, Spanish Society of Hypertension, and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association.
SCHIZOFRENIE. Bollettino Trimestrale del Primo. Centro Provinciale di Studio Della Demenza Precoce. Editoriale Scientifico-Practico dell'Ospedale Psichiatrico della Provincia di Cuneo in Racconigi. Anno II, Vol. I, N. 2, June, 1932 ; Anno II, Vol. I, N. 4, Dicembre, 1932
Authors: A. Ferraro
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1934)
A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE DIFFICULTIES OF DEFECATION IN INFANTS.
Authors: THOS. CHAS. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

At last year's meeting of this Section I offered for inspection a score of dried specimens of the infant's lower intestine as evidence that the infant strains at stool because of the imperfect development of the anatomic features concerned in the mechanism of defecation. Examination of those specimens revealed the fact that the wall of the infant rectum and sigmoid flexure is thin, compared to that of the adult. It was impossible to distinguish the longitudinal muscular bands which are so apparent in the gut of the adult. It was observed that in the fresh state the mucous membrane constitutes a greater part of the gutwall of the infant, and that the mucous membrane and muscular coats are more intimately adherent than in the adult. The infant gut being very deficient in muscular elements, the intrinsic power of peristalsis can not be present in that degree necessary to it as
Costochondritis Mimicking a Pulmonary Nodule on FDG Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging
Authors: EUGENE C. LIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado Received for publication October 15, 2001. Revision accepted January 16, 2002. Reprint requests: Eugene C. Lin, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Department of Radiology, Box A-034, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262. E-mail: [email protected]
Measles campaign is mismanaged, claim GPs
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Representatives of Britain's 35 000 general practitioners believe that the government's measles and rubella immunisation campaign has been badly thought out, badly managed, and badly financed (see editorial on p 1102 and letters on p1141). They think that they will be left to deal with the problems, particularly as the chief medical officer has now admitted that they may have an important role after the main campaign in November.

The General Medical Services …
Resveratrol activates duodenal Sirt1 to reverse insulin resistance in rats through a neuronal network
Authors: Clémence D Côté, Brittany A Rasmussen, Frank A Duca, Melika Zadeh-Tahmasebi, Joseph A Baur, Mira Daljeet, Danna M Breen, Beatrice M Filippi, Tony K T Lam
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Effect of hyperoxia on articular tissues in organ culture.
Authors: R W Jubb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

The effect of hyperoxia on pig articular tissue has been studied in organ culture. Hyperoxia (55% O2) causes an increased release of hydroxyproline and collagenolytic activity from synovial tissue as compared with control explants in 20% O2, but neither 55% nor 95% O2 has any effect on the breakdown of isolated cartilage during 10 days in culture. When synovium and cartilage are cultured in contact, the breakdown of cartilage collagen is greater in the hyperoxic (55% O2) group than in the controls (20% O2), but the breakdown of proteoglycan is not increased. The enhanced collagenolytic action is due to an increase in the direct effect of the synovial tissue on the cartilage matrix. In 20% O2 the synovium causes the chondrocytes to degrade the cartilage matrix, but this effect is inhibited by 55% O2.
Failure of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine to Protect an Aged Population
Authors: Donn J. D'Alessio
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Asian influenza developed in 36 of 176 residents of a county home for the aged four weeks after 80% of the residents had received the second of two doses of influenza virus vaccine. In addition, 60% of the residents had been inoculated with two doses the previous fall. Disease incidence had no discernible relationship to vaccination, and failure to protect apparently resulted from low postinoculation antibody levels. Antigenicity of another vaccine was studied in 35 laboratory employes; 21 had no antibody response, and only 6 had fourfold or greater titer increases. Since apparent lack of potency was manifested by vaccines from three different manufacturers, these results suggest that inadequate potency of commercially obtained inactivated influenza virus vaccine may be a greater problem than is generally realized.
Body Fat Distribution and Risk for Breast Cancer
Authors: Andreas C. Sönnichsen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1990Body Fat Distribution and Risk for Breast CancerAndreas C. Sönnichsen, MD, Werner O. Richter, MD, Peter Schwandt, MDAndreas C. Sönnichsen, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Werner O. Richter, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Peter Schwandt, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-11-882_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Schapira and colleagues (1) recently reported an association between android obesity and risk for breast cancer. Unfortunately, the mean weight and height for both patients and controls are obviously given incorrectly and inconsistently in this paper (Table 2; weight and height, 150.8 kg and 63.9 cm for patients and 143.7 kg and 64.0 cm for controls; Results section: weight, 68.5 kg for patients and 65.4 kg for controls). Assuming that the data on the body mass index are given correctly, there is a significant difference between the two groups. This is important because a positive correlation between...References1. SchapiraKumarLyman DNG. Abdominal obesity and breast cancer risk. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:182-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LewGarfinkel EL. Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32:563-76. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DonahueAbbottBloom RRE. Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men. Lancet 1987;1:821-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Munich 8000 Munich 70 Federal Republic of Germany PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCentral obesity and breast cancer risk: a systematic reviewRisks Associated with Obesity 1 June 1990Volume 112, Issue 11Page: 882-882KeywordsAdipose tissueBody mass indexBreast cancerObesityRisk management ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
537 Portal-pressure gradient reduction by K-canrenoate is not parallelled by sympathoinhibition in postviral preascitic child a cirrhosis with small oesophageal varices
Authors: M POZZI, G GRASSI, L RATTI, G FAVINI, E REDAELLI, F TREVANO, F ARENARE, A REDAELLI, G POLI, G MANCIA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We investigated whether selective stimulation of neurons of the sympathoinhibitory ventral periaqueductal gray (VPAG), or sympathoexcitatory dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG), differentially modulates CBF and EEG and exerts neuroprotection. Electrical stimulation of either regions of PAG comparably elevated AP and CBF, whereas chemical stimulation with the d,l-homocysteine produced either sympathoinhibition accompanied by decrease in CBF from ventral region or sympathoexcitation accompanied by increase in CBF from dorsal region in nonspinalized rats. The CBF effects evoked from DPAG and VPAG by chemical stimulation were preserved in spinalized rats supporting that the evoked CBF responses result directly from stimulation and are not secondary to AP changes. Stimulation of either region, whether chemical or electrical, synchronized the EEG. To explore whether PAG stimulation might protect the brain against ischemic injury, in other rats the VPAG or DPAG were stimulated for 1 h (50 Hz, 1 s on/1 s off, 75–100 μA) and the middle cerebral artery occluded 72 h later. Stimulation of the DPAG, but not VPAG, significantly reduced infarction volumes relative to sham-stimulated controls as determined 24 h after occlusion. Elevations of AP and CBF did not differ between groups. We conclude: (a) intrinsic neurons of D- and VPAG differentially regulate CBF; (b) neurons of DPAG are neuroprotective independently of changes in CBF and/or AP. The DPAG effect on infarct volume may be related to the central neuroprotective pathway evoked by stimulation of the cerebellar FN.
Quarter of Dutch paediatric intensive care beds closed
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

One in four paediatric intensive care beds in the Netherlands are not in use, a report from the government's health inspectorate has said. Dutch MPs have described it as “scandalous.”

Paediatric Intensive Care in the Netherlands reports a “serious shortage” of available beds in paediatric intensive care departments and a “great problem” in finding appropriate transport with qualified ambulance staff (http://www.igz.nl/). Though beds are available, the budget and trained paediatricians and nurses are lacking.

Of the 107 beds for the Netherlands population of …
The Cipro Patent and Bioterrorism
Authors: Keith S. Kaye, Donald Kaye
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2002)

1. the medication plays a key role in the government’s response to a bona ade national medical emergency; 2. there are no alternative remedies; 3. negotiations made in good faith to obtain the medication or a license to produce the medication have failed; 4. the government compensates the company nonetheless; and 5. the action is limited in time or has a sunset clause. Resnik and De Ville speciacally refer to bioterrorism and the decision to not override the patent on ciproooxacin when individuals became infected with anthrax after contact with contaminated letters. As physicians specializing in infectious diseases, our comments will be restricted to the arst two conditions, which require medical judgments. We agree with the other three conditions but will not discuss them, because they are business issues. The arst condition is that ciproooxacin would play a key role in the government’s response to a bona ade national medical emergency. This is a compound statement and must be broken down to:
VCAM-1 expression on endothelium in lesions from cutaneous lupus erythematosus is increased compared with systemic and localized scleroderma
Authors: S.M. JONES, C.M. MATHEW, J. DIXEY, C.R. LOVELL, N.J. McHUGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article VCAM‐1 expression on endothelium in lesions from cutaneous lupus erythematosus is increased compared with systemic and localized scleroderma Get access S.M. JONES, S.M. JONES Bath Institute for Rheumatic Disease, Trimbridge, Bath, U.K.Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath BA1 1RL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. MATHEW, C.M. MATHEW Bath Institute for Rheumatic Disease, Trimbridge, Bath, U.K.Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath BA1 1RL, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. DIXEY, J. DIXEY Bath Institute for Rheumatic Disease, Trimbridge, Bath, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. LOVELL, C.R. LOVELL Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N.J. McHUGH N.J. McHUGH Bath Institute for Rheumatic Disease, Trimbridge, Bath, U.K.Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Upper Borough Walls, Bath BA1 1RL, U.K. N.J. McHugh. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 5, 1 November 1996, Pages 678–686, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1063.x Published: 01 November 1996 Article history Accepted: 21 March 1996 Published: 01 November 1996
Origin of Infection in Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: STEPHEN C. SCHIMPFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia frequently die of infection before cytotoxic therapy has had an opportunity to be effective. Prevention of infection might lead to increased remissions and, consequently, prolonged survival time. To establish the types and causes of infection, for 2½ years 48 patients have had extensive microbiologic surveillance cultures taken repetitively, beginning at admission. Each organism was defined as either part of the base-line flora or hospital acquired. All patients acquired multiple potential pathogens during hospitalization. These cultural data, in conjunction with observation of all infectious episodes, indicate that most infections arise from the patient's own flora. In 47% of these microbiologically documented infections, however, the pathogens had become part of the patient's resident flora after being acquired from the hospital environment. Measures to prevent infections in these patients must include reducing the acquisition of potential pathogens, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Abnormal nephron development associated with a frameshift mutation in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β1
Authors: Coralie Bingham, Sian Ellard, Lisa Allen, Michael Bulman, Maggie Shepherd, Tim Frayling, Peter J. Berry, Penny M. Clark, Tom Lindner, Graeme I. Bell, Gerhart U. Ryffel, Anthony J. Nicholls, Andrew T. Hattersley
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Clinical Interpretation of Laboratory Tests.
Authors: Raymond Hamilton Goodale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

This new edition has been completely revised and covers most of the recent advances in the field of laboratory medicine. As in earlier editions, the book is arranged in two parts. The first provides normal and abnormal values for the body fluids, excreta, and technical procedures, with general discussions of their interpretations; the second outlines the pertinent laboratory findings in various diseases arranged according to the body systems. The laboratory procedures of choice for each disease are listed with the most important first. Each chapter is followed by a list of references. The author also makes use of numerous tables and illustrations, which supplement the discussions and save time and space. A general index is provided at the end. The format and printing are unusually clear; the binding is sturdy and well suited for use both within and outside the clinical laboratory. Clinicians, technicians, and students should find the book
Intracutaneous Tests with Recombinant Allergens in Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and<i>Aspergillus</i>Allergy
Authors: Wilfried H. Nikolaizik, Michael Weichel, Kurt Blaser, Reto Crameri
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), an intensive inflammatory reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus, can cause irreversible lung damage in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The aim of this study was to assess if intracutaneous testing with recombinant A. fumigatus allergens (rAsp f ) allowed a reliable diagnosis of ABPA. Fifty patients with CF were tested, 12 suffering from ABPA, 21 with allergy to A. fumigatus, and 17 CF control patients not sensitized to A. fumigatus. All patients with ABPA reacted to at least one of the two intracellular A. fumigatus allergens rAsp f 4, a 30-kD protein of unknown biologic function, and rAsp f 6, a 23-kD manganese superoxide dismutase, at a concentration of 10− 2 μ g/ml. The intracutaneous tests were negative or only marginally positive in the patients with allergy to A. fumigatus and completely negative in the CF control patients. The differential responses to the recombinant A. fumigatus allergens were in perfect agreement with our previous serologic results, so that rAsp f 4 and rAsp f 6 can be considered specific markers for ABPA. Early diagnosis of the disease might help to prevent irreversible lung damage and minimize possible steroid-mediated side effects as a consequence of an optimized control of the disease.
168 Thromboelastogram changes in the perioperative period of adult living liver donation
Authors: E. Cerutti, C. Stratta, R. Romagnoli, M.M. Schellino, S. Skurzak, P. Rampa, M. Rizzetto, G. Tamponi, F. Fop, F. Lupo, A. Franchello, P. Strignano, S. Mirabella, M. Salizzoni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)