tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation Medicine's Challenge for the 1970's
Authors: William J. Erdman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Rehabilitation has gained public support much more rapidly than it has from the medical profession. Private and governmental sources have built rehabilitation programs and facilities, which has increased the demand for care more rapidly than the supply of medical and paramedical personnel. Physiatric training programs are besieged by requests for graduates which cannot be met. Training programs for physiatrists are going unfilled at a rate exceeded only by the dismal rate of Public Health programs. In this situation no qualified physician can fail to gain admittance into a score of good Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation residency training programs, and I am unaware of any resident, who after completing training and certification, has not been eagerly sought if he has made his availability known. The 1967 report of the Commission on Education in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation stated that "2,000 additional physiatrists are needed to fill present demands in the various
1067-135 Over-expression of fibronectin involves activation of mitogen-activated protein-kinase-kinase of the stress activated protein kinase/C-jun N-terminal kinase in aortic regurgitation
Authors: Sharada L Truter, Themy F Dumlao, Eungsuk Lee, Zhen Huang, Jeffrey S Borer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
TCT-310 Recanalization Of Chronic Total Coronary Occlusions, The Influence On Collateral Donor Artery Physiology &amp; Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Andrew Ladwiniec, Michael Cunnington, Adam N. Mather, Albert Alahmar, Richard M. Oliver, Simon Thackray, Farquad Alamgir, Angela Hoye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Role of Kinetic Energy in Pulmonary Valvar Pressure Gradients
Authors: P. SYAMASUNDAR RAO, SHOICHI AWA, LEONARD M. LINDE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Peak systolic pulmonary valvar pressure gradients are frequently seen in large intracardiac left-to-right shunt lesions. Conventionally, this has been attributed to "relative" pulmonic stenosis. Theoretical considerations suggest that this gradient is due to differences in expression of the total fluid energy. The side pressure, the downstream pressure, the end pressure, and the flow velocity in the pulmonary artery (PA) and the right ventricle (RV) pressure were measured in 11 dogs in the control state, and after increasing the velocity of the pulmonary arterial flow either by administration of isoproterenol or atropine, or by creating an arteriovenous fistula. The RV pressure and the end PA pressure were not significantly different ( P &gt; 0.05), and were higher ( P &lt; 0.01) than the side and downstream PA pressure in the control state, but increased to higher levels ( P &lt; 0.01) after increasing the velocity of flow in the pulmonary artery. The mean pulmonary valve peak systolic gradient (RV-side PA pressure difference) was 8.8 mm Hg in the control state and increased to 19.1 mm Hg after isoproterenol infusion ( P &lt; 0.01). This change in pulmonary valvar gradient is proportional to the increase in the PA flow velocity. The side pressure measures only the potential energy, and the end pressure measures both the potential and kinetic energies. In the right ventricle, only the potential energy is recorded where the kinetic energy is practically nonexistent. The difference between the RV (or end PA) pressure and side PA pressure is proportional to velocity of flow in the pulmonary artery and is due to partial transformation of fluid energy into kinetic energy. Thus, our study helps to explain the pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve in large left-to-right shunt lesions. These studies also raise questions as to the validity of interpretations of the gradients produced in the RV outflow tract after isoproterenol or exercise.
The cellular basis for allergic rhinitis
Authors: P. H. Howarth
Journal: Allergy (1995)

In both seasonal and perennial rhinitis there is epithelial mast cell accumulation and tissue infiltration by eosinophils. Activation of these cells can be observed by electron microscopy and by elevated levels of tryptase and eosinophil cationic protein in nasal lavage fluid. Furthermore, seasonal increases in the antigen presenting cell (Langerhans’cell) are also evident. Investigations into the mechanisms involved in cell accumulation and activation reveals upregulation of leucocyte endothelial adhesion molecules and an increase in interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) in naturally occurring rhinitis, while mRNA for IL‐4, IL‐5 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor activity and lavage tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) levels are increased following local allergen challenge. These cytokines may be derived from a variety of sources, including mast cells, eosinophils and T‐lymphocytes, and contribute to the underlying inflammatory process in rhinitis.
Zoledronate treatment in active Paget's disease
Authors: G Chung
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

reuil et al reported on a patient with Erdheim-Chester disease. 1 We would like to add our experience in a patient who had a good response to steroids.A 46 year old housewife, born in Maceio (Brazil), complained of pain in her legs for a period of eight months, which interfered with her sleep; there were no constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, asthenia, or fever.On physical examination, there was no systemic involvement or bone inflammation, except for tenderness on palpation of both tibiae.An x ray examination showed bilateral and symmetrical cortical osteosclerosis of the diaphysial regions of the tibiae, which was better illustrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed a low signal on T 1 and a high signal on T 2 of the medullar canal (fig 1).Bone scintigraphy showed intense hypercapitation at the upper and medial regions of the right tibia and the medial region of the left tibia (fig 2).Other MR images (brain, thorax, and abdomen) were normal.A bone biopsy showed only osteosclerosis, which has been described in this disease. 2 She was treated with steroids for six months (prednisone 20 mg/day) and responded well, being asymptomatic and receiv-ing no treatment since December 2000.As bone pain is the first symptom of this xanthogranulomatosis, rheumatologists should be able to recognise the disease in an early phase when treatment gives a better outcome.. . . .
The effect of combination use of ticlopidine and aspirin on 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hiroya Mizuno, Hiroshi Sato, Kunihiro Kinjo, Daisaku Nakatani, Issei Shiotani, Eiji Hishida, Atsushi Hirayama, Kazuhisa Kodama, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Restricting Temptations: Neural Mechanisms of Precommitment
Authors: Molly J. Crockett, Barbara R. Braams, Luke Clark, Philippe N. Tobler, Trevor W. Robbins, Tobias Kalenscher
Journal: Neuron (2013)

Humans can resist temptations by exerting willpower, the effortful inhibition of impulses. But willpower can be disrupted by emotions and depleted over time. Luckily, humans can deploy alternative self-control strategies like precommitment, the voluntary restriction of access to temptations. Here, we examined the neural mechanisms of willpower and precommitment using fMRI. Behaviorally, precommitment facilitated choices for large delayed rewards, relative to willpower, especially in more impulsive individuals. While willpower was associated with activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and inferior frontal gyrus, precommitment engaged lateral frontopolar cortex (LFPC). During precommitment, LFPC showed increased functional connectivity with DLPFC and PPC, especially in more impulsive individuals, and the relationship between impulsivity and LFPC connectivity was mediated by value-related activation in ventromedial PFC. Our findings support a hierarchical model of self-control in which LFPC orchestrates precommitment by controlling action plans in more caudal prefrontal regions as a function of expected value.
Appearance of Histoplasmosis Sepsis on Indium-111 Labeled White Blood Cell Scintigraphy
Authors: Sorot Phisitkul, Melvin Laski, Robert Kimbrough, Gary Meyerrose
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 48-year-old diabetic man with end-stage renal failure status postcadaveric renal transplantation presented with a low-grade fever and right lower quadrant abdominal discomfort. On the fifth day of hospitalization, he developed a high fever and thrombocytopenia. Indium-111 labeled white blood scintigraphy demonstrated linear areas of increased tracer accumulation in both lower extremities. Blood cultures eventually grew Histoplasma capsulatum. Indium labeled white blood scintigraphic images raised the suspicion of sepsis secondary to histoplasmosis.
Centrolobular liver fibrosis in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit
Authors: N Buyssens, M M Kockx, A G Herman, J Lazou, K Van den Berg, E Wisse, A Geerts
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

During a study on the development of atheromatous lesions in rabbits fed a diet with a low or high cholesterol supplement, we found a moderate to pronounced centrolobular liver fibrosis. This fibrosis developed in three stages. Early after supplementation of cholesterol, we observed increased immunoreactivity of collagen types I, III, and IV, and fibronectin, around central veins and in adjacent sinusoids. In the second stage, we observed further increase of collagen and fibronectin immunoreactivity, together with the appearance of α–smooth muscle actin (α–SM actin)–positive cells and anti–rabbit macrophage monoclonal antibody (RAM 11)–positive cells. In the third stage, we observed large numbers of α–SM actin–positive cells, together with heavy deposition of connective tissue proteins in pericentral sinusoids, in addition to focal atrophy of parenchymal cells. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fat–storing cells in the pericentral regions were shown to be enlarged, to lose their lipid–droplets, and to acquire dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum corresponding to an activated phenotype. Parenchymal cells were either normal or contained numerous small lipid–droplets. They sometimes were smaller and distorted. Northern hybridization performed on total RNA of whole liver showed an increased level of collagen α1(I), α1(III), and α1(IV) messenger RNA (mRNA) after 24 weeks of low dietary cholesterol supplementation. These data show enhanced expression of extracellular matrix proteins. We conclude that cholesterol overload induces pericentral liver fibrosis in rabbits. The diet clearly activates fat–storing cells to become fibrogenic effector cells. At present, we have no explanation why hypercholesterolemia induces phenotypic transition of fat–storing cells.
179. In Vivo Delivery of DNA or siRNA Formulated into Nanoparticles with Linear PEI
Authors: Anne-Laure Bolcato-Bellemin, Marie-Elise Bonnet, Patrick Erbacher
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

One of the most promising non-viral vectors is the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI), a well-known cell culture transfection reagent. In particular, the latest generation of linear PEI is more efficient than the first generation of branched polymers. Various delivery routes of small size defined PEI polyplexes formulated in a 5% glucose solution can be used (intravenous, intracerebral, intraperitoneal, intracardiac, instillation …). Intravenous injection (IV) is the route of choice in many gene therapy applications. Among the different routes of IV injection tested (caudal, jugular and retro-orbital), the retro-orbital route appears to be the simplest and the most efficient one to deliver the gene of interest in the organs studied (i.e. lung, liver, spleen, heart and kidney). The purpose of our work was to compare different parameters of DNA injection complexed with L-PEI injected by retro-orbital route. Different amount of pCMVLuc plasmid was injected complexed with in vivo-jetPEI™ in 22–24 grams OF1 female mice. Among the DNA quantity injected (10 μg to 70 μg) at N/P ratio of 8, we have shown that the quantity of 40 or 50 μg gives the most efficient plasmid expression. For this amount, the best result was obtained by injecting 400 or 600 μl instead of 200 μl. As the efficiency and the cytotoxicity depend on the molecular weight of the polymer, we compared different polymer length and showed that the commercial in vivo-jetPEI™ by being noncytotoxic is the most efficient in gene delivery. The pharmacokinetic and organ distribution profile was also determined with 40 μg of plasmid between 6 and 72 hours after the injection of the plasmid. Taken together, our data showed that the IV retro-orbital injection is the route of choice to inject plasmid DNA complexed with linear polyethylenimine. Moreover, we have also explored the promising potential of in vivo-jetPEI™ to deliver active siRNAs injected by retro-orbital route and shown that in vivo-jetPEI™ can deliver siRNAs silencing a co-transfected target gene expressed in lungs after intravenous injection in mice.
c-Myc–Induced Chemosensitization Is Mediated by Suppression of Cyclin D1 Expression and Nuclear Factor-κB Activity in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Hector Biliran, Sanjeev Banerjee, Archana Thakur, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Aliccia Bollig, Fakhara Ahmed, Jiusheng Wu, Yuan Sun, Joshua D. Liao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease that remains refractory to various chemotherapeutic agents. Because the proto-oncogene c-myc can modulate apoptosis in response to cytotoxic insults and is commonly overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, we investigated the value of c-myc as a potential modulator of cellular response to various chemotherapeutic agents. Experimental Design: Stable overexpression or small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated knockdown of c-myc and restoration of cyclin D1 were done in the Ela-myc pancreatic tumor cell line. Cell viability after cisplatin treatment of c-myc–overexpressing, control, and siRNA-transfected cells was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and drug-induced apoptosis was measured by DNA fragmentation, sub-G1, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage analyses. Protein expression profile after cisplatin treatment was determined by Western blotting and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-κB was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results: Ectopic overexpression of c-myc in murine and human pancreatic cancer cell lines, Ela-myc and L3.6pl, respectively, resulted in increased sensitivity to cisplatin and other chemotherapeutic drugs. Increased sensitivity to cisplatin in c-myc–overexpressing cells was due, in part, to the marked increase in cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Conversely, down-regulation of c-myc expression in stable c-myc–overexpressing cells by c-myc siRNA resulted in decreased sensitivity to cisplatin-induced cell death. These results indicate an important role of c-myc in chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells. The c-myc–induced cisplatin sensitivity correlated with inhibition of nuclear factor κB activity, which was partially restored by ectopic cyclin D1 overexpression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the c-myc–dependent sensitization to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis involves suppression of cyclin D1 expression and nuclear factor κB activity.
Neonatology: Pathophysiology and Management of the Newborn
Authors: Philip Sunshine
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Intensive Care in the Newborn, III, by Leo Stern, Bernard Salle, and Bent Friis-Hansen, 415 pp, with illus, $59.50, New York, Masson Publishing USA Inc, 1981.  The second edition of Neonatology , edited by Avery, is much improved over the first edition, which itself was an excellent reference text. Several of the chapters have been completely rewritten and extensively updated, while others have had little revision.  New chapters have been added and enhance the value of the book. Excellent are the chapter on obstetrical anesthesia, Dr Brazelton's chapter Behavioral Competence in Newborn Infants, and a review by Tsang and Steichen of calcium and magnesium homeostasis in newborns. The chapter on neonatal jaundice has been completely rewritten and is the outstanding feature of the book. Dr Maisels brings us up to date on bilirubin metabolism and neonatal jaundice.  Several other sections leave much to be desired and probably detract from an otherwise
Immunotherapy of Murine Malignant Mesothelioma Using Tumor Lysate–pulsed Dendritic Cells
Authors: Joost P. J. J. Hegmans, Annabrita Hemmes, Joachim G. Aerts, Henk C. Hoogsteden, Bart N. Lambrecht
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Exploiting the immunostimulatory capacities of dendritic cells holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. Currently, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is evaluated clinically in a number of malignancies, including melanoma and urogenital and lung cancer, showing variable but promising results.To evaluate if pulsed dendritic cells induce protective immunity against malignant mesothelioma in a mouse model.Malignant mesothelioma was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of the AB1 mesothelioma cell line, leading to death within 28 days. For immunotherapy, dendritic cells were pulsed overnight either with AB1 tumor cell line lysate, AB1-derived exosomes, or ex vivo AB1 tumor lysate, and injected either before (Days -14 and -7) at the day of (Day 0) or after (Days +1 and +8) tumor implantation.Mice receiving tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells before tumor implantation demonstrated protective antitumor immunity with prolonged survival (> 3 months) and even resisted secondary tumor challenge. Tumor protection was associated with strong tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes or purified CD8+ T lymphocytes transferred tumor protection to unimmunized mice in vivo. When given after tumor implantation in a therapeutic setting, pulsed dendritic cells prevented mesothelioma outgrowth. With higher tumor load and delayed administration after tumor implantation, dendritic cells were no longer effective.We demonstrate in this murine model that immunotherapy using pulsed dendritic cells may emerge as a powerful tool to control mesothelioma outgrowth. In the future, immunotherapy using dendritic cells could be used as adjuvant to control local recurrence after multimodality treatment for malignant mesothelioma.
Genetic basis for chamber-specific ventricular phenotypes in the rat infarct model
Authors: S Chugh
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Background: We, and others, have previously reported a strong correlation between increased inter-ventricular dispersion of repolarization and the occurrence of fatal arrhythmia in animal models of CHF. The existence of this and other such distinct electrophysiologic phenotypes in right (RV) vs. left ventricles (LV) could be explained by chamber-specific patterns of gene expression. Methods: We employed microarray gene profiling of 13 824 sequence-verified, nonredundant rodent cDNAs to compare myocardial gene expression in RV vs. LV of rats with surgically induced myocardial infarction (MI: n=3) and in sham-operated animals (Sham: n=3). Results: Significant LV infarction (32±4% LV) and severe CHF were observed in all MI animals at 4 weeks. In Sham animals, 937 genes exhibited significant differential expression in RV vs. LV myocardium. In MI animals, 1158 genes exhibited significant differential expression in RV vs. LV. Of those genes exhibiting significant differential expression, only 241 were common to both Sham and MI animals. Differentially expressed genes included those involved in signal transduction, cell growth and maintenance, and apoptosis. Genes with potential roles in altered dispersion of repolarization included voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel γ subunit (MI 8-fold↑) and K+ inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J, member 10 (MI 6-fold↓). Gap junction membrane channel protein α 4 (MI 6-fold↓) and cardiac troponin I (MI 8-fold↓) were also significantly differentially expressed. Inter-ventricular comparisons revealed significantly greater alterations in gene expression vs. intra-ventricular comparisons. Conclusions: Microarray gene profiling has revealed candidate genes, some of them novel, which may account for chamber-specific ventricular electrophysiologic phenotypes, both in physiologic as well as in arrhythmogenic states such as CHF.
Etretinate and AIDS-related Reiter's disease
Authors: H.C. WILLIAMS, A.W.P.DU VIVIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

We report a case of a 34-year-old homosexual man who developed Reiter's disease with severe cutaneous and joint involvement shortly after he was diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Therapy with potent topical steroids and oral methotrexate was ineffective, but etretinate at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg resulted in rapid clearing of the skin lesions and a marked improvement of his arthralgia.
Integrative Genomic Analysis of Aneuploidy in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Justis P. Ehlers, Lori Worley, Michael D. Onken, J. William Harbour
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and is closely linked to metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Yet, the mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and its role in tumor progression remain poorly understood. The extensive and complex karyotypic abnormalities seen in many solid tumors could hinder the identification of pathogenetically relevant chromosomal alterations. Uveal melanoma is an attractive solid tumor for studying aneuploidy because it is a relatively homogeneous cancer that is highly metastatic and has low nonspecific chromosomal instability. Experimental Design: Comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression profiling were used to analyze patterns of aneuploidy in 49 primary uveal melanomas. This analysis was supplemented by a review of cytogenetic findings in 336 published cases. Results: Three prognostically significant tumor subgroups were identified based on the status of chromosomes 3 and 6p. Discrete patterns of chromosomal alterations accumulated in these three subgroups in a nonrandom temporal sequence. Poor clinical outcome was associated with early chromosomal alterations rather than overall aneuploidy. A gene expression signature associated with aneuploidy was enriched for genes involved in cell cycle regulation, centrosome function, and DNA damage repair. One of these genes was PTEN, a tumor suppressor and genomic integrity guardian, which was down-regulated in association with increasing aneuploidy (P = 0.003). Conclusions: The relationship between aneuploidy and poor prognosis may be determined by specific, pathogenetically relevant chromosomal alterations, rather than overall aneuploidy. Such alterations can be identified using integrative genomic methods and may provide insights for novel therapeutic approaches.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Nils Kraemer, Gabriele A Krombach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 50-year-old woman presented with mild exercise-induced shortness of breath; she reported being otherwise healthy. Her family history was notable for her mother's having the Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, also called hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Physical examination revealed a reduced arterial oxygen saturation level (80%) and telangiectasias of the lips and the tongue (Panel A). Chest radiography showed a tubular opacity in the right lower pulmonary lobe (Panel B, left side, white box, and right side [magnified view], arrows). A gadolinium-enhanced four-dimensional magnetic resonance angiogram revealed a complex vascular structure in the right lower lobe immediately posterior to the left atrium. The posterior . . .