tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of arginine vasopressin on renal medullary blood flow. A videomicroscopic study in the rat.
Authors: B Zimmerhackl, C R Robertson, R L Jamison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of renal medullary blood flow is uncertain. To determine if AVP has a direct vasoconstrictive action on vasa recta, the effect of AVP on erythrocyte velocity (VRBC), diameter, and blood flow (QVR) in descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) was studied in the exposed renal papilla of four groups of chronically water diuretic rats using fluorescence videomicroscopy. There were three periods: control (period 1), experimental (period 2), and recovery (period 3). In periods 1 and 3, all groups received hypotonic saline. In period 2, group I rats (AVP) received AVP (45 ng/h per kg body wt); group II (time) received hypotonic saline alone; group III (AVP plus V1-inhibitor) received AVP plus its vascular antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP; and group IV (V1-inhibitor) received the vascular antagonist alone. Another group of rats (group V) was employed to demonstrate that the rise in blood pressure induced by a 3- or 10-ng/kg injection of AVP was virtually abolished by the prior infusion of the V1-inhibitor. The urine of group III as well as group I rats was concentrated (Uosm = 721 +/- 62 H2O vs. 670 +/- 39 mosM/kg), while urine remained dilute in groups II and IV. In period 2, VRBC and QVR in DVR and AVR decreased in group I, did not decrease in group III, and increased in groups II and IV. The vascular antagonist thus completely abolished the AVP-induced decrease in QVR in group III. These findings unequivocally establish that AVP in physiological amounts reduces medullary blood flow, at least in part, by a direct vasoconstrictive action on the medullary microcirculation. They also show that an effect of AVP on medullary blood flow is not necessary for its antidiuretic effect.
Insights into Early Extracellular Matrix Evolution: Spongin Short Chain Collagen-Related Proteins Are Homologous to Basement Membrane Type IV Collagens and Form a Novel Family Widely Distributed in Invertebrates
Authors: A. Aouacheria, C. Geourjon, N. Aghajari, V. Navratil, G. Deleage, C. Lethias, J.-Y. Exposito
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Collagens are thought to represent one of the most important molecular innovations in the metazoan line. Basement membrane type IV collagen is present in all Eumetazoa and was found in Homoscleromorpha, a sponge group with a well-organized epithelium, which may represent the first stage of tissue differentiation during animal evolution. In contrast, spongin seems to be a demosponge-specific collagenous protein, which can totally substitute an inorganic skeleton, such as in the well-known bath sponge. In the freshwater sponge Ephydatia mülleri, we previously characterized a family of short-chain collagens that are likely to be main components of spongins. Using a combination of sequence- and structure-based methods, we present evidence of remote homology between the carboxyl-terminal noncollagenous NC1 domain of spongin short-chain collagens and type IV collagen. Unexpectedly, spongin short-chain collagen–related proteins were retrieved in nonsponge animals, suggesting that a family related to spongin constitutes an evolutionary sister to the type IV collagen family. Formation of the ancestral NC1 domain and divergence of the spongin short-chain collagen–related and type IV collagen families may have occurred before the parazoan–eumetazoan split, the earliest divergence among extant animal phyla. Molecular phylogenetics based on NC1 domain sequences suggest distinct evolutionary histories for spongin short-chain collagen–related and type IV collagen families that include spongin short-chain collagen–related gene loss in the ancestors of Ecdyzosoa and of vertebrates. The fact that a majority of invertebrates encodes spongin short-chain collagen–related proteins raises the important question to the possible function of its members. Considering the importance of collagens for animal structure and substratum attachment, both families may have played crucial roles in animal diversification.
Benign Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Aged
Authors: A. B. Corrigan, R. G. Robinson, T. R. Terenty, J. B. Dick-Smith, D. Walters
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A severe type of rheumatoid arthritis which is seen in 25% of cases that present with the disease after the age of 60 is a self-limiting illness. It can be well controlled during the acute severe phase and has a good prognosis. This paper describes 29 patients with this pattern of disease who were separated from a larger group of 110 elderly onset cases.
826-6 Hyponatremia: A useful marker for early risk assessment in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Alexander Goldberg, Haim Hammerman, Sirouch Petcherski, Sergey Yalonetsky, Alexander Zdorovyak, Michael Kapeliovich, Walter Markiewicz, Doron Aronson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A Dozen Doctors: Autobiographic Sketches
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The great contemporary discoveries which have shaped medical progress all have their objective data suitably recorded in the literature. But not ordinarily recorded are the subjective and personal factors, "the human side of history." This aspect "is best told by people who had roles in it." To further this side of science Dwight Ingle, editor of<i>Perspectives in Biology and Medicine</i>, persuaded 12 prominent physicians to write for that journal brief autobiographies. These now are reprinted in book form. Five of the 12 (Sir Henry Dale, Otto Loewi, W. R. Hess, George von Hevesy, and George H. Whipple) have received Nobel Prizes for their work. The others—F. A. Hartman, C. J. Herrick, Leo Loeb, Esmond R. Long, Irvine McQuarrie, J. H. Means, and R. M. Wilder—all have contributed prominently to different aspects of medical science and clinical medicine. In the aggregate the autobiographies present a remarkable sketch of the medical
Out of hours deal rejected by general practitioners
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

British family doctors have overwhelmingly rejected a package on out of hours cover because of what they see as derisory pricing. The package, which has been put together after many difficult negotiating meetings with the Department of Health, would offer general practitioners an average of £2000 a year plus £9 for each consultation between 10 pm and 8 am.

There was anger and dismay at last week's meeting of the General Medical Services Committee when members realised that the government had priced their services at 2.8p per patient per week while at the same time acknowledging “the particular stresses faced by many doctors when offering services to their patients in the evenings, nights, and weekends.”

The GMSC rejected the package by 53 votes to eight. Proposals to ballot the profession and consult local medical committees were defeated: speakers said …
THE HYPOTONIC (FLABBY) CHILD
Authors: D. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1925)

Increase in Contractile Tone after Syrnypathetic Denervation of the Skeletal M3luscle o/ the Winrg.To test the duration of the effect upoIi the wing of severinig the cervical symi-pathetic trunk catidal to the brachial nlexus.the position of the iiormal and affected wvinigs of some preparations were dailv imieasured.I am indebted to Mr. R. E. Murray, who carlied otit thlese daily observations.
How elderly patients with femoral fracture develop pressure sores in hospital.
Authors: M Versluysen
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The routine hospital management of 100 consecutive elderly patients was studied to determine the reason for the high incidence of pressure sores among patients admitted to hospital for femoral fractures. Of these patients, 66 developed sores, 83% occurring by the fifth day in hospital. This was due to the long periods that patients were immobilised on high pressure surfaces in the casualty department, wards, and theatres before repair of the fracture and restoration of their weight bearing function. Sores are not simply a ward or nursing problem, but an unintended consequence of hospital treatment. To reduce the incidence of sores elderly patients should be treated on low pressure patient support systems from the point of entry to hospital until mobility is restored.
Long-Term Tolerability and Safety Of Facilitated-Subcutaneous Infusion Of Human Immune Globulin G (IgG), 10%, and Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) (IGHy): A Phase 3 Extension Study In Patients With Primary Immunodeficiencies (PIs)
Authors: Isaac Reuven Melamed, Richard L. Wasserman, Mark Stein, Arye Rubinstein, Jennifer M. Puck, Sudhir Gupta, Werner Engl, Heinz Leibl, Leman Yel, Richard I. Schiff
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Toll-like receptor 7 regulates pancreatic carcinogenesis in mice and humans
Authors: Atsuo Ochi, Christopher S. Graffeo, Constantinos P. Zambirinis, Adeel Rehman, Michael Hackman, Nina Fallon, Rocky M. Barilla, Justin R. Henning, Mohsin Jamal, Raghavendra Rao, Stephanie Greco, Michael Deutsch, Marco V. Medina-Zea, Usama Bin Saeed, Melvin O. Ego-Osuala, Cristina Hajdu, George Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive cancer that interacts with stromal cells to produce a highly inflammatory tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor growth and invasiveness. The precise interplay between tumor and stroma remains poorly understood. TLRs mediate interactions between environmental stimuli and innate immunity and trigger proinflammatory signaling cascades. Our finding that TLR7 expression is upregulated in both epithelial and stromal compartments in human and murine pancreatic cancer led us to postulate that carcinogenesis is dependent on TLR7 signaling. In a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, TLR7 ligation vigorously accelerated tumor progression and induced loss of expression of PTEN, p16, and cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21, p27, p53, c-Myc, SHPTP1, TGF-β, PPARγ, and cyclin B1. Furthermore, TLR7 ligation induced STAT3 activation and interfaced with Notch as well as canonical NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways, but downregulated expression of Notch target genes. Moreover, blockade of TLR7 protected against carcinogenesis. Since pancreatic tumorigenesis requires stromal expansion, we proposed that TLR7 ligation modulates pancreatic cancer by driving stromal inflammation. Accordingly, we found that mice lacking TLR7 exclusively within their inflammatory cells were protected from neoplasia. These data suggest that targeting TLR7 holds promise for treatment of human pancreatic cancer.
In Vivo Suppression of the Immune Response to Alloantigen by Cholera Enterotoxin
Authors: Christopher S. Henney, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Elizabeth Gillespie, Ronald T. Rolley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The immune response of C57BL/6 mice to allogeneic (DBA/2) mastocytoma cell suspensions was profoundly suppressed by intraperitoneal administration of 1 mug cholera enterotoxin 4 days after antigenic stimulation. The immune response assayed 11 days after antigen showed decreased cytolytically active thymusderived (T) lymphocytes and markedly depressed serumagglutinating titers. A comparable suppression of the immune response to skin allografts (DBA/2-->C57BL/6) was also effected by cholera toxin administration, although there was no prolongation of allograft survival. The mechanism of the immune suppression is apparently related to the known adenylate cyclase stimulatory activities of choleragen.
1140-176 Expression of HMG-1, a novel mediator of inflammation, by human smooth muscle cells of atherosclerosis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty-restenosis lesions
Authors: Katsumi Inoue, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Kazuaki Mitsudo, Kouichi Kawahara, Ikuro Maruyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
A METHOD OF CITRATED BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: O. H. Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

balance.This reads in 'pounds.I have seen the ischial tuberosity bear a push of 20 lb. for months without making the skin sore.Flexion at the hip can be obtained by bending the splint -or by elevating the foot as with a Thomas.I have seen no tefden yfor 'scoliosis to persist after the splint is remo,ved.Within a day -or two the lumbar vertebrae resume their -normal 'position.Tto of the eases wbhich I have treated with this splint follo'w.The ir-ray plates are shown as black and white drawings, since the plites were too thin to make good prints.e ek~~~Csn I.
Diagnosing Vascular Causes of Renal Failure
Authors: Gary J. Abuelo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

The incidence of renal failure due to vascular diseases is increasing. Two reasons for this are the epidemic of atherosclerotic vascular disease in the aging population and the widespread use of vasoactive drugs that can adversely affect renal function. These vascular causes of renal failure include vasomotor disorders such as that associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, small-vessel diseases such as cholesterol crystal embolization, and large-vessel diseases such as renal artery stenosis. These causes of azotemia are less familiar to physicians than more classic causes, such as acute tubular necrosis, and are less likely to be recognized in their early stages. This article describes the various vascular diseases that impair renal function and outlines the steps necessary to identify them. Although some of these conditions, such as renal artery stenosis, can gradually impair function, the vascular causes of acute renal failure are emphasized in this article. Because the vasculitides primarily cause renal failure through secondary glomerulonephritis, they are mentioned only briefly. Extensive testing is rarely necessary because the cause is usually suspected through syndrome recognition. The diagnosis can then be confirmed by the results of one or two additional tests or by improved renal function after treatment.
Junior doctors are key to scrutiny of hospitals, says chief inspector
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors—and particularly junior doctors—have a key role in the new hospital inspection system, Michael Richards, England’s chief inspector of hospitals, told a conference at BMA House on 26 June.

“I want to recruit you,” he told the audience of junior doctors attending the eighth annual Agents for Change conference, backed by The BMJ , which aims to encourage trainees to become empowered as agents of better care for patients. Richards said that the new inspections launched since he became chief inspector 11 months ago always involved a focus group of junior doctors who work at the hospital, while the 30 strong inspection teams always included doctors in training from other trusts. “You can tell us what’s going on,” he said.

Saahil Mehta, a junior doctor who is on an attachment to the NHS’s national medical director, Bruce …
Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligands induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and enhance chemosensitivity to paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin and the Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1
Authors: Andreas P. Sutter, Kerstin Maaser, Patricia Grabowski, Gesine Bradacs, Kirsten Vormbrock, Michael Höpfner, Antje Krahn, Bernhard Heine, Harald Stein, Rajan Somasundaram, Detlef Schuppan, Martin Zeitz, Hans Scherübl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Reversible Encephalopathy Possibly Associated with Bismuth Subgallate Ingestion
Authors: R. Burns, D. W. Thomas, V. J. Barron
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Four patients who had undergone abdominoperineal resection for carcinoma of the colon and who had been taking oral bismuth subgallate developed a stereotyped recurrent and reversible neurological syndrome. This was characterized by confusion, tremulousness, clumsiness, myoclonic jerks, and an inability to walk. All patients were extensively investigated and no cause could be found, but symptoms regressed when the intake of bismuth was stopped. Postmortem examination in one patient failed to show any appreciable abnormality apart from a loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. In the other three patients amino-acid chromatography performed on urine showed the presence of an abnormal unidentified constituent. It is thought that these four patients developed an encephalopathy associated with their bismuth subgallate ingestion.
Estimation of body composition using different equations on a longitudinal physical training paradigm of experimentation on national level male sportsperson
Authors: Dhananjoy Shaw, Seema Kaushik
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Body composition, the proportion of the lean body mass and depot fat, is one of the most important features characterising human. The assessment of body composition has revealed that athletes generally have physique characteristics unique to their specific sports. Studies have shown that high percentage of body fat not only serves as dead weight but also lessens the relative ability to support oxygen to the working muscles then cutting down on one's cardiovascular endurance. There are debate on the specific uses of different equations for estimating body compositions of Indian population. Hence, the present investigation was conducted with the following objectives: (1) estimation of body composition using different equations; and (2) to study the effect of longitudinal physical training on selected body composition variables of national level male sports person of University of Delhi. The sample size for the study was 90 having three groups of male (namely progressive load or intensive training, constant load or moderate training, no load or sedentary group), each group having 30 samples (the mean age was 20.04 ± 0.49 years). Different equations used to compute the body density included Sloan, Durnin and Womersley, Weltman and Katch, Nagamine and Suzuk, Sloan and Weir and Jackson and Pollock, while both Siri and Brozek's formula were used to compute the fat percentage. The variables included lean body weight, body fat and percentage body fat. Standard landmarks and measurement protocols were followed to measure the selected variables as described by various authors. Mean and SD were computed to describe the data while analysis of covariance was applied to test the variability of covariance as the effect of experimentation (18 weeks of training) on selected groups (progressive load or intensive training, constant load or moderate training, no load or sedentary group); at different stages of testing that is, test-1 (at 0 weeks of training ie, pretest), test-2 (after 6 weeks of training), test-3 (after 12 weeks of training), test-4 (after 18 weeks or completion of training) as well as for intermittent stages of testing in a longitudinal experimental paradigm on selected variables of male. The paired t test comparison for mean difference was done as post-hoc analysis, where the F-ratio was found to be significant at 0.05 level. The level of significance chosen for testing the hypothesis was 0.05. The study concluded that a long term physical training paradigm of experimentation had a significant impact on the body composition variables of male sports person of national level (students of University of Delhi). The estimation of body composition using different equations are comparable.
Homing of mucosal leukocytes to joints. Distinct endothelial ligands in synovium mediate leukocyte-subtype specific adhesion.
Authors: M Salmi, P Rajala, S Jalkanen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Inflammation and infection of the gut can be followed by reactive arthritis at a distant joint. Leukocyte recruitment into synovium is essential for this process, but nothing is known about the endothelial adhesion molecules in synovial membrane which direct the homing of activated, gut-derived leukocytes to joints. Here we analyzed the expression of the known endothelial adhesion molecules in inflamed synovium and their function in binding of mucosal leukocytes. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1/CD54) and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) were most prominently expressed in synovial vessels. All other adhesion molecules were found at lower levels in inflamed synovia, except mucosal addressin which was absent. Binding of macrophages isolated from lamina propria of the gut to synovial endothelium was almost entirely P-selectin-dependent. In contrast, small intestinal lymphocytes and immunoblasts both relied mainly on VAP-1 in recognition of synovial vessels. Thus, endothelial P-selectin and VAP-1 mediate binding of mucosal effector cells to synovium in a leukocyte subtype-selective manner. Antiadhesive therapy against these inducible molecules should ablate the pathogenetic cascade leading to inappropriate homing of leukocytes to joints in arthritis.
Identifying and Eliminating Deficiencies in the General Surgery Resident Core Competency Curriculum
Authors: Nicole M. Tapia, Allen Milewicz, Stephen E. Whitney, Michael K. Liang, Carla C. Braxton
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Although the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has defined 6 core competencies required of resident education, no consensus exists on best practices for reaching resident proficiency. Surgery programs must develop resourceful methods to incorporate learning. While patient care and medical knowledge are approached with formal didactics and traditional Halstedian educational formats, other core competencies are presumed to be learned on the job or emphasized in conferences.To test the hypothesis that our residents lack a foundation in several of the nonclinical core competencies and to seek to develop a formal curriculum that can be integrated into our current didactic time, with minimal effect on resident work hours and rest hours.Anonymous Likert-type scale needs assessment survey requesting residents within a large single general surgery residency program to rate their understanding, working knowledge, or level of comfort on the following 10 topics: negotiation and conflict resolution; leadership styles; health care legislation; principles of quality delivery of care, patient safety, and performance improvement; business of medicine; clinical practice models; role of advocacy in health care policy and government; personal finance management; team building; and roles of innovation and technology in health care delivery.Proportions of resident responses scored as positive (agree or strongly agree) or negative (disagree or strongly disagree).In total, 48 surgery residents (70%) responded to the survey. Only 3 topics (leadership styles, team building, and roles of innovation and technology in health care delivery) had greater than 70% positive responses, while 2 topics (negotiation and conflict resolution and principles of quality delivery of care, patient safety, and performance improvement) had greater than 60% positive responses. The remaining topics had less than 40% positive responses, with the least positive responses on the topics business of medicine (13% [6 of 48]) and health care legislation (19% [9 of 48]).General surgery residents in our program do not report being knowledgeable or comfortable with several areas of the nonclinical Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies. We developed a formal health care policy and management curriculum, with integration into preexisting protected surgical didactic time. This curriculum fulfills educational requirements, without negatively affecting resident work hours and without increased expense to the department of surgery. Future studies measuring the effect of this integrated program on resident education, knowledge, and satisfaction are warranted.