tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of an Intestinal Sodium and Calcium-Dependent Phosphatase Stimulated by Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: Stanley J. Birge, Helen R. Gilbert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Previous reports suggest that the site of the energy-dependent intestinal calcium transport against an electropotential and concentration gradient is located along the basal-lateral membrane of the mucosal cell. Accordingly, basal-lateral membranes were prepared from rat intestinal homogenates in order to identify the enzyme mediating this step in the transport process. An alkaline phosphatase was delineated which utilized ATP as a substrate and was dependent on both Na(-) and Ca(++) with optimum enzyme activity at 200 mM and 0.04 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of the enzyme was demonstrated to decrease with the advance in age of the animal and to decrease with removal of the parathyroid glands, consistent with a decreased rate of (45)Ca release from mucosal cells under the same experimental conditions. Calcium binding to basal-lateral membrane fragments was also sodium dependent and enhanced by the prior administration of parathyroid extract. The consistent correlation between the rate of calcium transport across the basal-lateral membrane of the mucosal cell and the activity of this Na, Ca-dependent phosphatase under a variety of experimental conditions suggest that this enzyme may mediate the parathyroid hormone-sensitive active transport of calcium across the intestine.
Heparanase Regulates Thrombosis in Vascular Injury and Stent-Induced Flow Disturbance
Authors: Aaron B. Baker, William J. Gibson, Vijaya B. Kolachalama, Mordechai Golomb, Laura Indolfi, Christopher Spruell, Eyal Zcharia, Israel Vlodavsky, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
101. Molecular Mechanism Responsible for High Level Transgene Expression in Murine and Nonhuman Primate Liver with the Second Generation of Novel AAV Serotype Vectors
Authors: You Lu, Xun Sun, Larry T. Bish, Julie C. Johnston, Roberto Calcedo, Rebecca L. Grant, Gaung-Ping Gao, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

AAV vectors are being considered for in vivo application of gene therapy in the treatment of a variety of disorders. This study evaluates the biology of second generation vectors based on the novel serotypes AAV7 and 8 containing self-complimentary (sc) genomes in both murine nonhuman primate livers. Superior murine liver transduction by sc over the traditional single stranded (ss) vector genomes was confirmed for all serotypes examined. Stable levels of transgene expression were achieved in cynomolgus macaques with efficiencies at least 2 logs higher than what was achieved with AAV2 vectors using ss genomes. In an attempt to understand molecular mechanisms responsible for the higher level gene transfer, we performed a series of detailed molecular studies of the vector genomes. This included treatment with exonuclease with specific substrate preferences, single cutter restriction enzyme digestion mediated and locus specific hybridization based vector genome mapping, bacteriophage Phi29 DNA polymerase mediated double stranded circular template specific isothermal rolling circle linear amplification for rescue, cloning and characterization of persisted circular genomes, and differential quantification of different populations of vector genomes by real time PCR. Our data indicated that the higher level of transgene expression achieved with the sc vectors was due to both increased numbers of persisting genomes and increased activity of these genomes. Study of the molecular dynamics of vector genome processing in murine liver revealed that both ss and sc vectors persisted as episomal circular forms but sc vectors were more quickly and more efficiently converted into circular forms. The structure and formation of concatemers were similar with the types of genomes. The molecular structures of AAV genomes in macaques were more heterogeneous consisting of primarily circular monomer and concatemers in different configurations, and some unexpected molecular entities. More extensive rearrangements and deletions were observed in macaque than in mouse. It will be useful to further understand differences in the molecular processing of AAV genomes in mice and macaques as human applications are being considered.
Case 22-1972
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Arnold N. Weinberg, Gerald Nash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Presentation of CaseA 32-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a pulmonary infiltrate.She had been well until 20 months previously, when coryza, pharyngitis and a cough productive of mucoid sputum developed during the eighth month of her first pregnancy. Within two weeks all symptoms of the respiratory-tract infection subsided except for a persistent dry, hacking cough. Nineteen months before admission she underwent an uneventful delivery. No x-ray films of the chest were taken. During the next few weeks drenching night sweats and anorexia occurred, with a loss of 2 kg in weight. Mild exertional dyspnea developed . . .
A Course in Fundamental Medical Electronics
Authors: Charles D. Ray
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The last decade of progress in the "state-ofthe-art" of the physical sciences has been no less than astronomical. The medical community is now well into its first real "industrial revolution," imbibing large quantities of electronics, instrumentation, and engineering.<sup>11-3</sup>The independent observer and the smoke-drum kymograph are now being replaced by a "team" equipped with an array of complex devices, recapitulating the age-old contest between man and machine. The biologist, physiologist, and physician now must add to their already burdened acumen a certain shrewdness in the differential diagnosis of intricate apparatus.<sup>4</sup>Proper care and feeding of instruments consumes a significant part of the investigator's time. If he cannot, by a series of logical maneuvers, make the machine perform as required, the entire application suffers. At some time in life, the physician, physiologist, and engineer often must get together over a problem or a machine to make a go of
Modern Drugs for Laymen Where No Doctors Exist
Authors: Isaac Starr
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Should modern drugs be put into the hands of laymen in parts of the world where no doctors are available? As medical consultant to the Pennsylvania branch of Partners for the Alliance, I receive requests for aid from our correspondents in the state of Bahia, Brazil. I recently had before me a request for drugs from a very active Catholic priest who, with the help of nuns, proposed to start a clinic in a rapidly growing area of western Brazil where the population was estimated to be about 50,000 and which was completely without resident medical personnel. Conscious of the toxic reactions to modern drugs that are such a conspicuous feature of medical practice in the United States, I feared that to give such drugs to persons untrained in medicine would, despite the best of intentions, do more harm than good. I advised that the request be
Abstract 2338: Molecular mechanisms underlying cellular transformation by Tumor protein D52 overexpression
Authors: Austin Della-Franca, Daniel R. Catchpoole, Robert K. Bright, Anna deFazio, Jennifer A. Byrne
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Tumor protein D52 (D52) overexpression is characteristic of both adult and childhood cancers and has been associated with reduced overall survival in breast cancer patients and an increase in proliferation and metastatic capacity of transfected cell lines. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which D52 overexpression contributes to cellular transformation or tumour progression. Aims: We aimed to identify genes which are differentially expressed in response to D52 expression in 3T3 fibroblasts, and to use these gene expression changes to predict cellular phenotypes which are altered by D52 expression. Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix expression microarray analysis. Up- and down-regulated gene lists were analysed using GOSTAT, Metacore and literature searches. Differential expression of candidate proteins were validated using Western blot analysis of intracellular protein extracts or precipitates from conditioned media. Migration and invasion assays were performed using Boyden chambers. Results: D52 expression was associated with over 300 genes being differentially expressed at least two-fold relative to vector controls. A number of overexpressed genes were found to be normally involved in the inflammatory response. We focused on validating candidates such as COX-2, MMP-2 and Osteopontin as being overexpressed in D52-transfected cells relative to vector controls. We also confirmed an upregulation of phospho-AKT in D52 expressing cells, as reported by others. GOSTAT analysis revealed that gene ontology terms related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) were most over-represented amongst differentially expressed genes. The implied resultant ECM re-modelling was examined through migration and invasion assays, in which D52 expressing cells showed a significantly increased migratory and invasive capacity relative to vector control lines. Conclusions: These results implicate D52 as a pro-inflammatory intermediate, whose expression may act to drive cancer progression via an increase in phospho-AKT, followed by the production of inflammatory molecules such as Osteopontin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2338.
Anti-apoptotic effects of rosiglitazone in hypercholesterolemic rabbits subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: H Liu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

This study examined the effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on the extent of postischemic myocyte apoptosis and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved. Furthermore, the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) on postischemic myocardial apoptosis in HC rabbits were investigated.Male New Zealand rabbits were fed normal or high cholesterol diets for 8 weeks. Three weeks after being fed a high cholesterol diet, HC rabbits were randomized to receive vehicle or RSG during the remaining 5 weeks. Rabbits were then subjected to 60 min of coronary occlusion followed by 4 h of reperfusion.Compared with rabbits fed with a normal diet, HC rabbits had increased caspase-3 activity, apoptotic cell death and retarded contractile function recovery after reperfusion. HC increased iNOS expression, total NOx and nitrotyrosine contents, indicating that an increased nitrative stress occurred in HC myocardial tissue. Activity of a hypertrophic/anti-apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2, was significantly decreased while activation of a pro-apoptotic MAPK, p38, was increased. Treatment with RSG in HC rabbits attenuated postischemic myocardial nitrative stress, restored a beneficial balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic MAPK signaling, reduced postischemic myocardial apoptosis, and improved cardiac functional recovery.Our results demonstrated that HC increased postischemic myocardial apoptosis likely by increasing the production of pro-apoptotic molecules, activating pro-apoptotic signaling pathways and inhibiting anti-apoptotic signaling. In addition, our results suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists may not only attenuate the formation of atherosclerosis associated with hypercholesterolemia as previously reported, but may also protect the heart from subsequent ischemic/reperfusion-induced myocardial apoptosis.
Unwell man with abdominal pain
Authors: R J Currie, A Watkinson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An 80 year old man with diabetes presented to the accident and emergency department on New Year’s Eve with acute onset abdominal pain. He was tachycardic and hypotensive, and had lactic acidosis. Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm was suspected. Given that the patient was stable, an urgent computed tomography with intravenous contrast was performed, the results of which are shown as an axial image (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Axial contrast enhanced computed tomogram of a patient with acute onset abdominal pain 





### Short answers



Fig 2 Axial contrast enhanced computed tomogram showing an enlarged left kidney (small arrow) and gas within the renal parenchyma (large arrow)



### Long answers

#### 1 Salient findings

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a fulminating acute necrotic pyelonephritis characterised by gas …
Extraction Ratio and Bone Clearance of Sr <sup>85</sup> as a Measure of Effective Bone Blood Flow
Authors: DOUGLAS HAROLD COPP, SUN SHIK SHIM
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

When a nondiffusible plasma dye (T-1824) and Sr 85 were injected into the nutrient artery of the tibia in 10 dogs, 90% of the T-1824 and 21% of the Sr 85 were recovered from the femoral vein in the next five minutes. From these data, the extraction ratio for removal of Sr 85 was calculated to be 0.764 ± 0.066 (SD). The difference from unity may be accounted for in part by blood flow through bone marrow. It was concluded that initial (0 to 5 minute) Sr 85 clearance should give a useful measure of effective bone blood flow. Values obtained for femur, tibia, humerus, and talus in 10 dogs and 80 rabbits were all remarkably similar. The effective bone blood flow in all cases was approximately 10 ml/100 g/min or, for the entire skeleton, approximately 5 to 7% of the resting cardiac output. The rate of blood flow far exceeds the metabolic needs of bone. This may be related to its important homeostatic function in mineral metabolism.
Induction of lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis by autologous serum
Authors: N.H. COX, P.S. FRIEDMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Induction of lesions of dermatitis herpetiformis by autologous serum Get access N.H. COX, N.H. COX Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.S. FRIEDMANN P.S. FRIEDMANN Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Professor P.S. Friedmann, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 1, 1 January 1991, Pages 69–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb03284.x Published: 01 January 1991
Erratum: Egr-2 and Egr-3 are negative regulators of T cell activation
Authors: Meredith Safford, Samuel Collins, Michael A Lutz, Amy Allen, Ching-Tai Huang, Jeanne Kowalski, Amanda Blackford, Maureen R Horton, Charles Drake, Ronald H Schwartz, Jonathan D Powell
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Scottish study does not replicate findings
Authors: M. Ryan, F E Murray
Journal: BMJ (1995)

promote contraception through safer sex cam- paigns have undoubtedly been successful in increasing the proportion of teenagers who use condoms.Most people have assumed that increas- ing the use of contraception leads to a reduction in unplanned teenage pregnancies.4Yet my analysis shows that this has not happened.A plausible explanation is that the main factor in unplanned teenage conceptions is contraceptive failure, not the lack of contraceptive knowledge and availability.The findings of Pearson and colleagues support this view.A further question is whether increasing the availability of contraception leads to an increase in sexual activity.If this is the case-and the national survey of sexual behaviour reports a large increase over the past two decades in the proportion of teenagers who are sexually active-then it is not surprising that the rate of teenage conceptions continues to increase.The answer is not more contraception or emergency contraception but a change in attitude towards sexual behaviour.
THE GLIOMA GROUP STUDIED BY ORDINARY HISTOLOGICAL METHODS
Authors: W. Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1930)

FRItoM%x time to tine attemipts have beenl miiade to subdivide tliol lioi glo oup.In 1912 Toot h'l of het1 Natio nial fl es- ittall-Quieeni Square showed-tthat clinical malignancy 5 vas asesociated i(l it tle piesenice of enlargement of the glia cells, nutml ll nlilitot s e,1 anldlhyperplasia of tle vatscular dlotlielium.TIme most in ipor-taniit contribution, however, is of Pof ercival Bailey anld Harvey Cushing,2 wilo in 1926 introduced ani eniriiiely niew classificationl of the gliom.as.This was based pval Otlv oi an examiniation of Dr. Ctshlini'g's unir.ivalledcollection of briaini tuimours by mieans s of themiethlods(levised by Raiioin y Cajal, del Rio Hortega, aiicd the other i,leillbels oftllh brilliant Spanish schlool of neuro-hlistologists, and partly Oil thle corrielationi of the pathlological -picturee withl the clinical course.Tile study revealed tllat some of tlle subgroups were to all initenits anid pU1 iposes iniloce11 t, while others wer hiighlly miialignian1t.TlIieie were fourteeni of these subgrIoiips, eachi conl)osed, for the 111o0st part, ofocie1 type of cell et wvithi dur(IUinig t1il developmi)-enit ofthle brain.The classificationl is there-for-e ani emiibiryological or.histogenetic one, anid the
Interpretation of Article Disputed
Authors: Anthony Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his article on fetal experimentation (236:281, 1976), Dr Diamond misstates the message of my article.<sup>1</sup>Neither in the article he cites nor in others I have written on the subject of the defective newborn did I recommend or suggest that "lives which grossly lack 'quality' (eg, trisomy 21) should be terminated early for their own and society's good." My article raises questions about the "right" of parents to refuse surgery for lethal anomalies, such as intestinal atresia, in newborns with severe, irremediable defects (ie, Down syndrome and microcephaly). In discussing this issue, I did state that "... in my opinion, the doctrine of informed consent should, under some circumstances, include the right to withhold consent." I feel, as do many of my colleagues,<sup>2</sup>that physicians are not morally obligated to attempt salvage of each and every malformed fetus and newborn merely because it is within
Defeat of antipiracy treaty is hailed as victory for generic drugs
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The European parliament’s refusal to ratify the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) has been warmly welcomed by health and development agencies, which have said that the treaty posed a serious threat to poor countries’ access to generic drugs.1

This is the first time that the parliament has voted against an international trade agreement that had been approved by the European Commission. After massive lobbying by campaigners, which included a petition signed by over 2.8 million people worldwide, the agreement was defeated by an overwhelming majority, with 478 votes against and only 39 in favour.

Oxfam’s spokeswoman Leila Bodeux said, …
Carter and Health Care
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Nearly one year in office now, the Carter Administration has laid down heavy rhetorical barrages on the subject of health care, but the effects have so far been minimal.The Administration's explanation for this and other matters, such as tax and welfare reform, the battered energy program and unemployment, is that past neglect was so egregious that swiftly-arrived-at remedies are just not to be had. This view merits some sympathy. The status quo is not the product of immaculate conceptions but, rather, reflects arrangements that more or less suit the purposes of powerful interests in our society. And it does . . .
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN SURGERY
Authors: L. R. Braithwaite
Journal: BMJ (1930)

UGR~I 33CA 1009NA that surg-cei iw as given to humanity-Lexcepting the work of TWENTY-FIVE YE ABS IN SURGERY.*'Lister, Whereby alone radium is so far capable -of being put BY ~~~~~~to its effective use.When I remiemiber-those sur-gical mnasterpieces o'f my early teachers-the exqutisite dissections L. R.
Rh Factors and Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Mila Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1962)

With a maternal Rh titre of 1:4 it should be anticipated that the second baby may demonstrate serological evidence of transplacental transfer of the antibody by a positive Coombs test at birth, and preparations should be made to evaluate the clinical signs of hemolytic disease of the newborn immediately after birth. The pregnancy should be allowed to go to full term, undoubtedly. If the baby is found to be anemic at birth, with a hemoglobin level of 14 gm.% or below, and the Coombs test is positive, an exchange transfusion will be required promptly. If the hemoglobin is above 14 gm.% at birth, an immediate transfusion is not required, but should be done only after evaluation of the cilnical and chemical evidence of a continuing hemolytic process. There is a possibility, with a low antibody titre of 1:4, that the baby will prove to be Rh negative.
How did your brother die?
Authors: T. Roques
Journal: BMJ (1996)

“How did your brother die?” is a question I find hard to answer. Not because I feel uncomfortable about the idea that he took his own life; not because of the stunned, embarrassed silence that may follow; not because the questioner's first thoughts will be of madness and waste. No, it is because the usual euphemisms “he committed suicide” and “he took his own life” focus the attention in completely the wrong direction.

For many years my brother suffered the symptoms of depression—severe at times—treated (or not) by antidepressants. Yet he fought the illness with amazing courage. He achieved a first class degree at Oxford University, led a full and active social life, and excelled at music and drama. I understood that he was suffering from ordinary depression—the kind that one in 10 people experience at some point in their lives, the kind that is frequently diagnosed, treated, and cured. Only when I was told of his death did I begin to realise what had …