tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conversion of very low density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein. A metabolic study of apolipoprotein B kinetics in human subjects.
Authors: G Sigurdsson, A Nicoll, B Lewis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The interrelationship between apolipoprotein B in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-B) and in low density lipoprotein (LDL-B) was studied in seven normal and hyperlipidemic men and women, with purified radioiodinated VLDL. The time-course of the appearance of radioactivity in LDL was followed. As the specific activity curves intersected at the masimal height of the LDL-B curve, it was inferred that all or most LDL-B peptide is derived from VLDL-B peptide. This transfer was further quantitated in seven normotriglyceridemic subjects by simultaneous i.v. injection of purified 131I-VLDL and 125I-LDL. By a deconvolution method, a quantitative description of the rate of entry of 131Ivldl-b into 131I-LDL-B was derived by analysis of 131I-LDL-B and 125I-ldl-b radioactivity in plasma. The results indicate that approximately 90% of VLDL-B mass is converted into LDL-B in subjects with normal serum triglyceride concentrations. The synthetic rates of VLDL-B and LDL-B peptide were simultaneously measured in six normal subjects, and two patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa). The turnover rates for VLDL-B and LDL-B peptide were similar in these subjects. The findings in the three parts of this study were consistent with the view that most if not all VLDL-B is converted into LDL-B peptide, and most if not all LDL-B is derived from VLDL-B peptide in normotriglyceridemic subjects.
Transcriptional regulation of the mu-delta heavy chain locus in normal murine B lymphocytes.
Authors: D Yuan, P W Tucker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The heavy chain genes for IgM (C mu) and IgD (C delta) are expressed differentially during B cell maturation and activation. We have determined the role that transcription plays in the regulation of these changes by using the method of in vitro nascent RNA chain elongation. In neonatal cells that express much lower densities of IgD than IgM on their surface, transcription of C delta is observed at half the level of C mu. This 3:1 transcriptional ratio of mu to delta is preserved in mature resting cells, which express higher densities of IgD on the surface than IgM. When activated by the mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), transcription of C mu is preferentially enhanced. However, C delta transcription is not shut off even though the expression of IgD in the stimulated cells is greatly decreased. In all three differentiative stages, polymerase unloading occurs in the vicinity of a large inverted repeat sequence, 5' to C delta and 3' to the mu membrane exons. This suggests that the developmental selection of secreted vs. membrane-bound carboxyl-terminal exons is controlled by RNA cleavage. The data presented here, together with our previous analysis of mRNA and protein synthesis, show that the differential expression of IgM and IgD in normal B lymphocytes is regulated at the transcriptional, translational, and posttranslation levels.
Diabetes Complications and the Renin–Angiotensin System
Authors: Bruce A. Perkins, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Andrzej S. Krolewski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The hypothesis that inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system may be effective in preventing diabetic nephropathy was based on a large body of evidence.1 Positive findings from studies in animal models and subsequent clinical trials fostered enthusiastic hope that systematic use of agents blocking the renin–angiotensin system in the management of diabetic nephropathy would reduce the risk of end-stage renal disease.24 Out of such studies was born a concept that gained wide acceptance: inhibition of the renin–angiotensin system in patients with diabetes is beneficial with regard to both early and advanced stages of nephropathy. As an extension, studies were initiated . . .
The Wrong Patient
Authors: Mark R. Chassin, Elise C. Becher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Among all types of medical errors, cases in which the wrong patient undergoes an invasive procedure are sufficiently distressing to warrant special attention. Nevertheless, institutions underreport such procedures, and the medical literature contains no discussions about them. This article examines the case of a patient who was mistakenly taken for another patient's invasive electrophysiology procedure. After reviewing the case and the results of the institution's "root-cause analysis," the discussants discovered at least 17 distinct errors, no single one of which could have caused this adverse event by itself. The discussants illustrate how these specific "active" errors interacted with a few underlying "latent conditions" (system weaknesses) to cause harm. The most remediable of these were absent or misused protocols for patient identification and informed consent, systematically faulty exchange of information among caregivers, and poorly functioning teams.
Expression of paragloboside-like lipooligosaccharides may be a necessary component of gonococcal pathogenesis in men.
Authors: H Schneider, J M Griffiss, J W Boslego, P J Hitchcock, K M Zahos, M A Apicella
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

To learn how lipooligosaccharide (LOS) phase variations affect pathogenesis, we studied two male volunteers who were challenged intraurethrally with Neisseria gonorrhoeae that make a single LOS of 3,600 daltons and sequentially followed LOS expression by gonococci as urethritis developed. LOS variation occurred in vivo. Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea began with the appearance of variants making 4,700-dalton LOS that are immunochemically similar to glycosphingolipids of human hematopoietic cells (Mandrell, R.E., J.M. Griffiss, and B.A. Macher. 1989. J. Exp. Med. 168:107) and that have acceptors for sialic acid. A variant that appeared at the onset of leukorrhoea was shed by 34/36 men with naturally acquired gonorrhea at the time they sought medical attention; the other two shed the variant associated with dysuria. None shed the challenge variant. These data show that in vivo phase shifts to higher molecular mass LOS that mimic human cell membrane glycolipids are associated with the development of gonococcal leukorrhea.
Preliminary results of azathioprine therapy in severe rheumatic disease.
Authors: A J Swannell, E N Coomes, J Q Matthias
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

scleritis; did you find anything which would suggest any virus disease in any of your patients?DR.PITKEATHLY As regards the allergy: there were a number of patients with episcleritis who had attacks in the spring or in the summer.As regards the rosacea: we excluded that at the beginning because we were aware that it could produce episcleritis.We did not find any suggestion of virus infection, although it was only looked for if there was some suggestion of this to begin with.DR.WATSON The point about herpes zoster ophthal- micus is that it can cause both episcleritis and scleritis.It can start an episcleritis which progresses to a scleritis.It is therefore difficult to put it into one group.
Male Breast Cancer in Klinefelter's Syndrome
Authors: A. T. Sandison
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDBRITSH JUNsignificantly absorbed from the large areas of inflamed skin which may have to be treated.In his brief account of haemangiomata Dr. Beare mentions the ulceration which may occur in the larger cavernous lesions, particularly in areas which are readily traumatized.I have been impressed by the curious degree of pain from such ulcerated areas, and, for example, when they are present in the napkin area a child will often start crying as soon as it knows the napkin is going to be changed.-I am, etc., Bristol 8.
Gene expression signatures define novel oncogenic pathways in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Adolfo A. Ferrando, Donna S. Neuberg, Jane Staunton, Mignon L. Loh, Christine Huard, Susana C. Raimondi, Fred G. Behm, Ching-Hon Pui, James R. Downing, D.Gary Gilliland, Eric S. Lander, Todd R. Golub, A.Thomas Look
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
New body aims to streamline approval and regulation of research in NHS
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Department of Health has announced the creation of the Health Research Authority. The new body, formally established on 1 December and welcomed by the prime minister in a speech on Monday 5 December, will streamline the conduct of research in universities and the NHS while ensuring that the interests of patients are not neglected.

John Tooke, president of the Academy of Medical Sciences, also welcomed the new authority. But he went on to warn against any assumption that a new system will by itself guarantee change. “We must continue to monitor activity in this …
HER-2 Status May Change in Recurrent Breast Cancer.
Authors: K. Arnaout, M. Khalife, M. Younes, A. Hanbali
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction:The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2) is a cell membrane surface-bound receptor tyrosine kinase which has been associated with increased breast cancer recurrence and a worse prognosis. Its presence also determines which patients are candidates for targeted therapy with trastuzumab. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the percentage of HER-2 status change in recurrent breast cancer.Methods:In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 2,652 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in our institutution between 2003 and 2009. Forty-four patients with recurrent breast cancer and available HER-2 status at the time of diagnosis and at recurrence were identified. HER-2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). When both methods were available, we used FISH as our reference.Results:A change in HER-2 status at recurrence was observed in six patients (13.6%). One patient (2.3%) changed from negative to positive. Five patients (11.3%) had a change from positive to negative. These five patients represented 50% of the patients with positive HER-2 at the time of initial diagnosis. HER-2 status remained unchanged in thirty-eight patients (86.4%).Conclusion:A change in HER-2 status can be noted at the time of recurrence. The exact mechanism is not yet well understood, and further studies are needed to identify it. Our data support the fact that patients with recurrent breast cancer should have their HER-2 status re-evaluated, since this affects therapeutic options. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5109.
Reply to Alberto et al.
Authors: J. Żurakowski, P. Świercz, T. Wróblewski
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We thank Dr Alberto and her colleagues for their interest in our article, and read with interest their letter about the treatment of the disease with rubber bands and sclerotherapy. In our cases we have also tried ligation with the Stiegmann-Goff ligator, but this has not been very effective because of the extensive size of the lesions. We found loop ligation (Olympus) to be more efficient although we did have difficulty in positioning the loops around the lesion, as they slipped off easily. In our experience, cyanoacrylate was the best treatment, as it rapidly obliterated the bleeding lesions, reduced their size, and diminished the intensity of bleeding.
The impact of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on outcome in 2853 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML
Authors: Sabine Kayser, Konstanze Döhner, Jürgen Krauter, Claus-Henning Köhne, Heinz A. Horst, Gerhard Held, Marie von Lilienfeld-Toal, Sibylla Wilhelm, Andrea Kündgen, Katharina Götze, Mathias Rummel, David Nachbaur, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Gudrun Göhring, Daniela Späth, Carina Morlok, Manuela Zucknick, Arnold Ganser, Hartmut Döhner, Richard F. Schlenk
Journal: Blood (2010)
Relationship of Heart Sounds to Acceleration of Blood Flow
Authors: Thomos E. Piemme, G. Octo Barnett, Lewis Dexter
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

A concept has been presented that abrupt acceleration or deceleration of blood flow is associated with an energy source sufficient to displace the mass of the heart, and that, consequently, this mass will oscillate at a sum of frequencies that are a function of chamber mass and restoring forces. Induced pressure transients may be observed in all chambers, the lower frequencies appearing on conventional pressure tracings, the higher frequencies as intracardiac sound. Using high frequency response instrumentation in dogs, intravascular sound has been compared with pressure and flow events throughout the cardiac cycle. (1) The first component of the first heart sound occurs during early isometric ventricular contraction and is associated with lower frequency pressure transients that may berecorded from all chambers of the heart. The left atrial "c-wave" is one of these transients. (2) The second component of the first heart sound occurs during ventricular ejection, and appears to be a function of acceleration of aortic blood flow. (3) The second heart sound begins significantly before aortic valve closure, while forward flow is still going on, and is proportional to the magnitude of deceleration of blood flow. (4) The third heart sound appears only in the presence of left ventricular failure at the time of rapid ventricular filling, and is associated with a low frequency wave recordable from the central aorta. The production of these transients is presumed to be deceleration of inflow as the limits of ventricular relaxation are reached. (5) A fourth sound arises coincident with pressure transients in other chambers as atrial systole further distends the left ventricle. It is proposed that acceleration and deceleration of blood flow is a sufficient and necessary condition for the origin of cardiovascular sound transients.
Abstract P2-16-12: An exploratory analysis of the role of dasatinib in preventing progression of disease in bone in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: KA Cadoo, PG Morris, DE Lake, GM D'Andrea, MN Dickler, TA Gilewski, CT Dang, HL McArthur, JF Bromberg, SB Goldfarb, S Modi, ME Robson, AD Seidman, NT Sklarin, L Norton, CA Hudis, MN Fornier
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: The role of dasatinib, an oral SRC inhibitor is being explored for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In a phase I study, we previously established that the combination of dasatinib and weekly paclitaxel was feasible. The activity of this combination is currently being explored in an ongoing phase II trial. Since Src kinase has a major role in osteoclast function and dasatinib has established anabolic and anti-resorptive effects in bone in vitro, we hypothesized that patients receiving this combination would have good control of osseous metastases and primarily develop progression of disease in sites other than bone. Patients and methods: Patients were included in this analysis if they participated in the phase I or II metastatic breast cancer studies and received dasatinib at or above the recommended phase II dose of 120mg with paclitaxel (80mg/m2 day 1 and 8 of each 21day cycle). Patients who discontinued therapy for reasons other than progression were excluded. Per protocol, patients were required to discontinue bisphosphonates or other bone modulating agents for the first 8 weeks of study due to the potential for hypocalcaemia. Thereafter, they were permitted to receive these agents at the discretion of their treating physician. Patients provided serum samples for correlative studies. Assessment of N-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTX), a product of mature bone collagen that reflects bone specific resorption, is planned. Results: The median age of the 24 patients who met criteria for analysis was 50y (37 - 66y). Of these, 15 (63%) had ER+ disease, and 24 (100%) were negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). At study entry, 17 (71%) patients had bone involvement. Following the initial eight week moratorium, 7 (29%) patients received a bisphosphonate or rank ligand inhibitor during treatment with dasatinib + paclitaxel. Patients received a median 2 months (range 1-23) of dasatinib + paclitaxel therapy. To date, 3 (13%) continue on therapy, and 21 (88%) have had progression of disease. Among patients who progressed, 18 (86%) have progressed in visceral sites and only 3 (14%) progressed in bone. Analyses of serum NTX levels are ongoing and will be compared by site of progression. Conclusion: The potential role of serum NTX as a predictive biomarker of benefit from dasatinib and paclitaxel is being explored and updated results will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-16-12.
Easy to See but Hard to Find
Authors: Brendan M. Reilly, Peter Clarke, Petros Nikolinakos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 46-year-old woman from the Philippines reports fatigue, body aches, and weight loss. On examination, she is pale and has diffuse bony tenderness. The hemoglobin level is 8.0 g per deciliter; the white-cell and platelet counts are normal. The serum creatinine level is 2.8 mg per deciliter (247.5 μmol per liter), and the serum calcium level is 13.2 mg per deciliter (3.3 mmol per liter).
REDUCED ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION IN DIABETES AND OBESITY WITH IMPROVEMENT IN MIGRATION CAPACITY AND TUBULE FORMATION FROM THYMOSIN BETA–4 TREATMENT
Authors: Poay Sian Sabrina Lee, Lei Ye, Yei–Tsung Chen, Arthur Mark Richards, Kian Keong Poh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
ROENTGENOTHERAPY OF EXUDATIVE IRITIS
Authors: E. C. SAMUEL
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our experience in the roentgen-ray therapy of iritis of the exudative type dates back about seven years. The first observation made was in a case of iritis supposedly of traumatic origin, and roentgen-ray exposure was made to determine the presence of a foreign body. There was a large fibrinous exudate in the anterior chamber, and it was noted that rapid disappearance of this spongy material followed roentgen-ray exposure. This happened without the administration of internal treatment, there being used here only mydriatics to keep the ciliary body at rest and to dilate the pupil fully. However, in the light of continued experience, similar clinical pictures, by the use of similar light, stimulating doses of roentgen rays, administered at the direction of one of us (H. N. B.), not by one laboratory but by several different laboratories, all resulting in the same marked amelioration of symptoms with prompt, eventually complete resolution
Observations on the Mechanism of Atrial Gallop Rhythm
Authors: JAMES J. LEONARD, ARNOLD M. WEISSLER, JAMES V. WARREN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

An atrial gallop sound is a frequent finding in hypertensive cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, and in the presence of a prolonged atrioventricular conduction time. In view of evidence relating this sound to a ventricular pressure wave resulting from atrial contraction, modification of this hemodynamic event was studied by means of tourniquet pooling of blood in the extremities. In the 18 patients studied, this maneuver caused striking changes in the intensity and timing of the atrial gallop. Analysis of these changes helps explain the frequent appearance of this triple rhythm in severe hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
Methyl aminolaevulinate?photodynamic therapy: a review of clinical trials in the treatment of actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: P. Lehmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy (MAL-PDT) has advanced the management of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), providing a treatment option for actinic keratosis (AK), basal cell carcinoma [both superficial (sBCC) and nodular (nBCC)] and Bowen's disease, with good clinical outcomes, low recurrence rates and enhanced cosmetic acceptability. Excellent results have been reported, with complete responses (CRs) in AK ranging from 69% to 93% at 3 months; CRs in Bowen's disease are 93% at 3 months and 68% at 24 months. In sBCC, CRs range from 85% to 93% at 3 months and are comparable with cryosurgery up to 60 months (75% vs. 74%). In nBCC, CRs range from 75-82% at 3 months to 77% at 60 months. MAL-PDT specifically targets diseased cells, leaving healthy tissue unharmed. This noninvasive treatment option is associated with minimal risk of scarring. Moreover, systemic uptake of MAL is negligible and the local phototoxic reactions that often occur during treatment rapidly heal to produce excellent cosmetic results. The side-effects of therapy, which are predominantly local phototoxic effects (burning, stinging and prickling sensations), are of mild-to-moderate intensity, of short duration and easily managed. Overall, the efficacy and low risk of side-effects afforded by this therapy have resulted in high patient preference in clinical trials. The current evidence base for MAL-PDT in the treatment of AK and NMSC is reviewed in this article.
BLOOD SUGAR STUDIES
Authors: Isolde T. Zeckwer, Helen Goodell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

A rapid rise in the blood sugar level of rabbits was produced by intravenous injections of killed Bacillus proteus, Bacillus coli, and Bacillus paratyphosus B, which returned to nearly the previous level in a few hours time. A less pronounced rise in blood sugar was produced by killed Bacillus paratyphosus A and Bacillus enteritidis.
ACUTE, EARLY AND INTERMEDIATE EFFECTS OF A NOVEL 8 MM DIAMETER DOUBLE OPPOSED HELICAL BIODEGRADABLE STENT IN PORCINE ARTERIES
Authors: Carrie Evans Herbert, Surendranath Veeram Reddy, Tre Welch, Jian Wang, James Richardson, Joseph Forbess, Alan Nugent
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Inverse agonist of estrogen-related receptor γ controls Salmonella typhimurium infection by modulating host iron homeostasis
Authors: Don-Kyu Kim, Jae-Ho Jeong, Ji-Min Lee, Kwang Soo Kim, Seung-Hwan Park, Yong Deuk Kim, Minseob Koh, Minsang Shin, Yoon Seok Jung, Hyung-Seok Kim, Tae-Hoon Lee, Byung-Chul Oh, Jae Il Kim, Hwan Tae Park, Won-Il Jeong, Chul-Ho Lee, Seung Bum Park, Jung-Joon Min, Sook-In Jung, Seok-Yong Choi, Hyon E Choy, Hueng-Sik Choi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)