tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The use of pressure-rate product
Authors: C. D. Heinecke
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  It was recently stated in the article Hemodynamic Effects of Nitrous Oxide Administered During Cardiac Catheterization by Wynne and coauthors (243:1440, 1980) that pressure-rate product was a major index of myocardial oxygen demand (MVO 2 ). This statement deserves special consideration in view of recent articles by Sonntag et al 1 and Kissin et al 2 in Anesthesiology . Poor correlation between myocardial oxygen consumption and heart rate-blood pressure (BP) product index was found during halothane anesthesia in man. The seemingly logical inference that pressure-rate product not only is an index of MVO 2 but also a predictor of possible myocardial ischemia should not be made.  Wynne et al in their concluding paragraph state that nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture may be a safe agent, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease principally because of decreases in heart rate and cardiac output. The problem of pressure-rate product serving as a
The antiviral activity of poly-γ-glutamic acid, a polypeptide secreted by Bacillus sp., through induction of CD14-dependent type I interferon responses
Authors: Wooseong Lee, Seung-Hoon Lee, Dae-Gyun Ahn, Hee Cho, Moon-Hee Sung, Seung Hyun Han, Jong-Won Oh
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Action of chronic irradiation on the cytogenetic damage of human lymphocyte culture.
Authors: S I Zaichkina, G F Aptikaeva, O M Rozanova, A K Akhmadieva, E N Smirnova, E E Ganassi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The action of chronic irradiation (dose rate 2.9 Gy/day) on human lymphocyte culture was investigated. Whole blood was irradiated at 37 degrees C. Aliquots (0.2 ml) of whole blood were cultivated by the standard method. A medium containing phytohemagglutinin was added immediately after irradiation. All structural chromosome- and chromatid-type changes were recorded. The experimental data showed that the conditions of irradiation of lymphocytes affected neither the background level of chromosome damage nor their radiosensitivity. The obtained dose-response curve of chromosome aberrations was described by a linear regression, which then became a plateau. There is no statistically significant difference between the results for the low doses (10-50 cGy) of chronic and acute radiation.
Metabolic Changes Associated With Second-Generation Antipsychotic Use in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: The CATIE-AD Study
Authors: Ling Zheng, Wendy J. Mack, Karen S. Dagerman, John K. Hsiao, Barry D. Lebowitz, Constantine G. Lyketsos, T. Scott Stroup, David L. Sultzer, Pierre N. Tariot, Cheryl Vigen, Lon S. Schneider
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Objective: The second-generation antipsychotics are associated with metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. Elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease are frequently treated with these antipsychotics, but limited data are available on their metabolic effects. Method: The authors assessed 186 male and 235 female Alzheimer's disease outpatients from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness–Alzheimer's Disease (CATIE-AD) for changes in weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipids in relation to duration of second-generation antipsychotic use (i.e., olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) throughout the 36-week trial, using logistic regression and mixed-effects models. Results: Women showed significant weight gain (0.14 lb/week of use) while change was nonsignificant in men. Clinically significant weight gain (i.e., ≥7% of body weight) was seen among patients with antipsychotic use ≤12 weeks (odds ratio [OR]=1.56, 95% CI=0.53 to 4.58), between 12 and 24 weeks (OR=2.89, 95% CI=0.97 to 8.64), and >24 weeks (OR=3.38, 95% CI=1.24 to 9.23) relative to patients who did not use antipsychotics during the trial. Olanzapine and quetiapine treatments were significantly associated with weight gain (0.12 and 0.14 lb/week, respectively). In addition, olanzapine was significantly associated with decreases in HDL cholesterol (–0.19 mg/dl/week) and increased girth (0.07 inches/week) relative to the placebo group. No treatment effects were noted for changes in blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides. Conclusion: Second-generation antipsychotic use was associated with weight gain in women, with olanzapine and quetiapine in particular, and with unfavorable change in HDL cholesterol and girth with olanzapine. The potential consequences of these effects suggest that patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with second-generation antipsychotics should be monitored closely.
Cytoskeletal organization and functional changes in monocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis B: Relationship with viral replication
Authors: Jesús Prieto, Alberto Castilla, María-Luisa Subirá, Manuel Serrano, Susana Morte, María-pilar Civeira
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Monocytes play an important role in the initiation and regulation of the antiviral immune response. These cells have a dense framework of intermediate filaments composed of vimentin monomers. In 35 patients with chronic hepatitis B, 26 healthy controls, seven patients with acute liver damage and eight patients with inactive HBsAg-negative cirrhosis, we investigated the expression of vimentin filaments, C 3 b and IgGFc receptors, HLA-DR molecules and the phagocytic activity in monocytes purified from venous blood. In the same subjects, we also studied the display of CD2, CD3 and CD5 on lymphocytes. In patients with chronic hepatitis B manifesting viral replication (n = 21; Group 1), the expression of vimentin filaments and the other functional monocyte parameters were decreased, whereas in patients in the nonreplicative phase of the disease (n = 14; Group 2) and in control cases with various forms of acute liver damage or inactive HBsAg-negative cirrhosis, they were similar to those found in healthy subjects. In Group 1, there was also a selective defect in the display of CD3 on lymphocytes. The expression of this molecule correlated with the functional state of monocytes. In three patients with chronic hepatitis B that changed from the replicative to the nonreplicative phase of the disease, the expression of vimentin filaments in monocytes and of CD3 on lymphocytes increased to normal levels. On the other hand, the incubation of patients’ monocytes with γ-interferon corrected the diminished expression of vimentin filaments and the other decreased functional parameters. These findings show that in the replicative phase of chronic hepatitis B, there are alterations in the initial steps of activation of antiviral immune response and that γ-IFN is able to correct the monocyte dysfunction present in these patients. Furthermore, it is suggested that the expression of immunoreactive vimentin filaments may be a dynamic indicator of the functional state of monocytes.
Effect of Nilvadipine on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in a Patient With Early Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Hiroshi Matsuda, Nobuo Araki, Ichiei Kuji, Takeshi Ohkubo, Etsuko Imabayashi, Kunio Shimazu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Hypertension in an 83-year-old woman with early Alzheimer disease was treated with a calcium channel blocker, nilvadipine, for 3 months. Before and after nilvadipine treatment, global and regional cerebral blood flow (gCBF and rCBF) were measured using Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer SPECT. This treatment elevated both the Mini-Mental State Examination score from 23 to 27 and gCBF from 37.6 to 42.0 mL/100 g/min. This treatment also elevated rCBF prominently in the bilateral frontal cortex, right parietal cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex. These areas with rCBF increase generated by subtraction of pretreatment SPECT from post-treatment SPECT were demonstrated on a coregistered MRI.
BMA annual representative meeting: BMA to hold special conference to discuss privatisation of NHS
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The BMA is to hold a conference in the autumn to discuss developments in the NHS, through which many more healthcare services in the NHS will be provided by private companies.

Representatives at the BMA's annual meeting in Llandudno last week unanimously passed a motion that drew attention to parts of the government's NHS Improvement Plan, published last month, which contained proposals encouraging the progressive involvement of multinational healthcare corporations in the delivery of health care in England and the development of a “case management approach” ( NHS Improvement Plan , p 38, paragraph 3.16).

The motion, proposed by Mr Richard Rawlins, a consultant orthopaedic surgeon from Bedford and a member of the BMA council, also drew attention to the fact that one of the groups involved in providing private services for the NHS, the UnitedHealth Group, had appointed Dr Richard Smith, editor of the BMJ , and Mr Simon Stevens, the …
Limitations of Cyanoacrylate Injection in the Treatment of Gastric Fundal Varices
Authors: A. Matsumoto, K. Takimoto, Y. Yamauchi, M. Kuchide, T. Takemura
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We read with great interest a recent case report by Cheng et al. [1] describing intraperitoneal leakage of sclerosant after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with cyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric fundal varices. The authors suggest that the leakage was caused by rupture of the varices due to abrupt elevation of intravariceal pressure.
Tracheostomy may not be necessary during surgery
Authors: R W R Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

considered, it was unnecessary as the areas of ulceration healed completely after resolution of the infection.I agree that cutaneous radionecrosis and osteonecrosis often require excision and the use of myocutaneous flaps.These and other complications of radiotherapy are covered in a subsequent article in the ABC series.Reconstruction of the breast and its complications are also being covered separately.The point of the illustration was to show a good example of cellulitis after surgery and radiotherapy.This cellulitis needs to be controlled by antibiotics before other measures are con- sidered.In this respect I do not believe that the illustration was misleading or inappropriate.
Abstract 3495: Targeted therapies in melanoma – in vitro effects of single and combined drug treatment
Authors: Alireza Azimi, Suzanne Egyházi, Carolina Johansson, Johan Hansson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Malignant melanoma is one of the most rapidly increasing malignancies in Caucasian populations. So far, curative treatment is achieved only by surgical resection at an early stage, while the prognosis in cases with disseminated melanoma is poor, and we lack predictive tools to identify the few patients who respond to existing chemotherapy. Promising clinical trials of targeted therapies are ongoing, however, it is already clear that drug resistance will be a clinical reality also for these new therapies. Thus, novel predictive markers are urgently needed to identify responders to different types of therapy in melanoma. The aim of the study is to unravel molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying resistance to new therapies in melanoma. We are studying the effects of a set of MAPK and PI3K pathways inhibitors in melanoma cell lines that are wildtype or have different mutations/deletions in genes affecting these pathways (BRAF, NRAS, PTEN etc.). Cells are exposed to single drugs as well as combinations of inhibitors and/or chemotherapeutic agents. Our results have shown that there is a wide range of sensitivity to the BRAF inhibitor PLX4720 among BRAF mutated cell lines, with IC50 values varying from 0.3 µM to 30 µM. We are investigating the underlying mechanisms causing this variation in sensitivity to the drug. Using gene expression profiling of a clinical material, we have identified several candidate genes that may predict response to DNA alkylating agents dacarbazine and temozolomide. The expression of some of these genes can be affected by PLX4720, and their potential relevance for response to different treatments is currently tested in vitro. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3495. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3495
Toward a revised theory of general intelligence: Further examination of fluid cognitive abilities as unique aspects of human cognition
Authors: Clancy Blair
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Primary issues raised by the commentaries on the target article relate to (1) the need to differentiate distinct but overlapping aspects of fluid cognition, and (2) the implications that this differentiation may hold for conceptions of general intelligence. In response, I outline several issues facing researchers concerned with differentiation of human cognitive abilities and suggest that a revised and expanded theory of intelligence is needed to accommodate an increasingly diverse and varied empirical base.
Arousal and cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in Prader-Willi syndrome.
Authors: R Arens, D Gozal, B C Burrell, S L Bailey, D B Bautista, T G Keens, S L Ward
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Ventilatory responses to peripheral chemoreceptor stimuli are absent in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) during wakefulness. Because arousal from sleep after rapidly developing hypoxia may require intact peripheral chemoreceptor function, we hypothesized that blunted hypoxic arousal responses during sleep Stage 3/4 would be present in PWS. Thirteen patients with PWS (mean age, 23.4 +/- 3.7 +/- SEM yr; 46% male; body mass index [BMI], 28.9 +/- 1.6 kg/m2) and 11 matched control subjects (mean age 28.0 +/- 5.4 yr; 54% male; BMI, 28.8 +/- 3.1 kg/m2) were studied. An abrupt decrease in inspired O2 tension to 80 mm Hg was introduced until arousal occurred or for a maximum of 3 min. One of the 13 patients with PWS and seven of the 11 control subjects were aroused by the hypoxic challenge (p < 0.02). During hypoxia, heart rate increased by 9 +/- 2% in the PWS group versus 22 +/- 4% in the control group (p < 0.005). Respiratory rate did not change in the PWS group (4 +/- 2%; p = NS), but it increased by 13 +/- 2% in the control group (p < 0.02). We conclude that abnormal arousal and cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia are frequent in PWS. We postulate that intact peripheral chemoreceptor function is an important component underlying arousal mechanisms to rapidly developing hypoxia during sleep.
Endoscopy Databases: The Norwegian Experience
Authors: L. Aabakken
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

The implementation of endoscopy databases in Norway has been slow, and no commercial system has been successfully introduced.To determine the current status in this area a questionnaire survey was conducted with replies received from 58 of the 67 hospitals to which the questionnaire was sent.Only 40% of the units had one or more personal computers available, but video endoscopes will soon be standard equipment at most Norwegian hospitals. For managing administrative data, a large majority of endoscopy units used a general-purpose hospital information system, but endoscopy data are dealt with manually in 72% of the units. The endoscopy report itself was produced manually in 93% of the units. When asked to rank various features of database systems according to their relative importance, the endoscopists stated that ease of use and simplification of routine chores were the most important aspects, while advanced storage and research features were less crucial.In Norwegian hospitals, the use of minimal endoscopic database systems that offer a high level of integration with existing hospital systems appears to be the most promising approach.
Abstract 4178: Circulating cell-free DNA in plasma of never smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma receiving gefitinib or standard chemotherapy as a first-line therapy
Authors: Young Joo Lee, Kyong-Ah Yoon, Jin Soo Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Circulating cell-free DNA (CFDNA) has been investigated as a potential screening or prognostic marker in a variety of cancers, including lung cancers. This study aimed to investigate prospectively its clinical significance in never smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma (ALAC) undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: We analyzed blood samples of 134 patients among 309 never smokers with ALAC who were enrolled to a prospective randomized phase III study comparing gefitinib with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GP) as first-line therapy from April 2005 to November 2007 (the First-SIGNAL). An amount of plasma CFDNA was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting human β-actin genomic sequence. Results: Median baseline CFDNA value was 122.3 ng/ml (range, 11.5 to 2487.9 ng/ml). Patients with &amp;gt; 2 of metastatic sites had higher plasma CFDNA compared those with ≤ 2 metastatic sites (P = 0.015). Baseline plasma CFDNA was positively associated with peak standardized uptake value of primary tumor on 18F-FDG PET (coefficient = 0.316; P = 0.056). In GP arm, high CFDNA group showed higher response rate (RR) than low CFDNA group (60.7% vs. 37.8%; P = 0.047). However, in gefitinib arm, no difference was observed in RR between the two groups (47.2% vs. 58.1%; P = 0.376). The risk of death was elevated with increasing baseline plasma CFDNA [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.50; P = 0.045)]. The low tertile group of baseline CFDNA showed longer overall survival (OS) than the high tertile group [HR of low vs. high groups = 0.52 (95% CI, 0.31-0.87); median OS, 28.6 vs. 16.0 months; P = 0.041]. Conclusion: High plasma CFDNA at diagnosis predicts an aggressive behavior and poor survival outcomes in these patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4178. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4178
Galactorrhea and Hyperprolactinemia Associated With Amoxapine Therapy
Authors: Alan J. Gelenberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

GALACTORRHEA and amenorrhea are adverse effects of<i>antipsychotic</i>drugs, attributed to elevated levels of serum prolactin, brought about by a blockade of dopamine (DA) receptors in the tuberoinfundibular hypothalamic pathway. Although galactorrhea is listed as an effect of tricyclic<i>antidepressant</i>drugs as well, a literature review has failed to substantiate this association. Moreover, the six currently available tricyclic antidepressants have<i>not</i>been found to increase serum prolactin levels,<sup>1</sup>nor do they appear to be effective blockers of the DA receptor. In the course of a double-blind study of a new antidepressant, amoxapine, galactorrhea developed in a young woman and was evaluated by extensive prolactin testing. This article describes her case, presents results of laboratory studies, and discusses theoretical and clinical implications. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 29-year-old woman had suffered from a primary depression, unipolar type, for about five months. One previous episode of depression had been treated with
Alteration of plasmalemmal caveolae mimics endothelial dysfunction observed in atheromatous rabbit aorta
Authors: B Darblade
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objectives: In endothelial cells, nitric oxide (NO) is produced by the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is localized in the cholesterol-rich plasmalemmal microdomains involved in signal transduction, known as caveolae. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of hypercholesterolemia and fatty streak formation on the endothelial caveolae and on endothelial function, and attempted to determine to what extent the caveolae were involved in endothelium-derived NO production. Methods and Results: We first studied the effect of atheroma on endothelial NO production. Fatty streak infiltrated aorta of cholesterol-fed New Zealand White rabbits demonstrated an impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation and nearly normal calcium ionophore A23187-induced maximal relaxation. The abundance of caveolae in the endothelium covering the fatty streak, as well as their 'grape-like' clustering, appeared to be decreased. We therefore investigated the effect, on endothelial NO production, of the cholesterol-binding agents 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (hp-β-CD) and filipin, known to alter caveolae structure and/or function. Treatment with either hp-β-CD (2%) or filipin (4 μg/ml) did not affect contraction to phenylephrine or relaxant responses to A23187 or to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside. In contrast, both treatments impaired acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) similarly treated with hp-β-CD demonstrated a 50% decrease of total cellular cholesterol and a decreased abundance of caveolae as well as their 'grape-like' clustering. Cholesterol depletion decreased the bradykinin-induced transient peak of free intracellular calcium and subsequent receptor-stimulated NO production (assessed using reporter cells rich in soluble guanylyl cyclase), whereas that elicited by A23187 remained unaltered. Conclusion: Fatty streak deposit is associated with a decrease in caveolae 'transductosomes' abundance which appears to represent a novel mechanism of endothelial dysfunction.
Beer is no longer food for Russians
Authors: A. Osborn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Beer is to be legally classified as an alcoholic drink in Russia for the first time as the Kremlin shuts a loophole that has allowed brewers to avoid sweeping anti-alcohol regulation.

The beverage is technically classified as a foodstuff now and many ordinary Russians regard it as little more than a soft drink compared to vodka, which they view as real alcohol.

It is an anomaly that has led to beer being widely available on almost every street corner at outdoor kiosks, making it difficult to stop sales to underage drinkers.

Its …