tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Supplemental oxygen during sleep in children with sleep-disordered breathing.
Authors: C L Marcus, J L Carroll, O Bamford, P Pyzik, G M Loughlin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Supplemental O2 is sometimes used to treat children with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, its effects have not been studied. We therefore evaluated the use of supplemental O2 during sleep in children with OSAS. Oxygen and room air were delivered via nasal cannula at 1 L/min for 4 h each in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Twenty-three children were studied (mean age, 5 +/- 3 [SD] yr). Patients had a higher mean SaO2 and higher SaO2 nadir when breathing O2. There was no difference in the number (10.9 +/- 20.6/h on O2 versus 13.5 +/- 19.3 on room air) or duration of obstructive apneas. Although there was no overall change in end-tidal PCO2 when patients breathed O2, two children showed a significant increase. We conclude that breathing supplemental O2 during sleep in children with OSAS results in improved oxygenation and in most cases does not exacerbate sleep-disordered breathing. However, end-tidal PCO2 should be monitored in children with OSAS receiving O2 therapy. We speculate that supplemental O2 does not depress the ventilatory drive during sleep in most children with OSAS.
Natural history of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Authors: P B Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1981)

were born to Avon residents; 28 (40%) received intensive care and 19 survived (27% of total and 68% of those treated).Follow-up progress is most encouraging so far.There were no survivors among the 44 infants who did not receive respiratory support and parenteral nutrition.The impact of improved newborn care on the survival of low-birthweight infants in England and Wales has also been well demonstrated by Pharoah and Alberman.
OC-048 Trans-anal Submucosal Endoscopic Resection (taser): A New Endo-surgical Approach To The Resection Of Giant Rectal Lesions
Authors: ZP Tsiamoulos, J Warusavitarne, T Elliott, BP Saunders
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Trans-anal surgical (TEMS/TAMIS) and advanced endoscopic resection (ESD, P-EMR) procedures have the potential to provide complete and successful eradication of giant rectal polyps. Both approaches however have limitations in terms of practicality and safety. We describe a new endo-surgery technique called Trans-Anal Submucosal Endoscopic Resection (TASER) which combines the advantages of both the endoscopic and transanal surgical approach. <h3>Methods</h3> The GelPoint Path trans-anal access port allows simultaneous passage of an endoscope and two laparoscopic retractors. Working with the endoscopic image the laparoscopic retractors (Johen 33 mm forceps) allow dynamic tissue retraction to facilitate endoscopic dissection (Flush knife–BT) or snare placement (Olympus snare master/spiral snare). All procedures were performed under general anaesthesia and with patients in the lithotomy position. <h3>Results</h3> Eleven patients (mean age 55 years, 3 male/8 female) underwent TASER for 11 lesions, distributed from the lower rectum to the recto-sigmoid junction and with a median size of 85 mm, range 40–180 mm. Polyp morphology was (3/11 flat (Paris 2a), 4/11 sessile (Paris 1s) and 4/11 mixed type (Paris 2a+1s). In all cases a circumferential mucosal incision was made and histology confirmed free lateral margins in all cases. 10/11 rectal polyps were adenomatous and one had a small focus of moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma (incomplete local excision). Complete endoscopic excision in a single session was achieved in 10/11 cases (91%). Median completion time of the procedure was 215 min, range 120–480 min. Tissue retraction was used in every case and resection was completed by ESD alone (4/11), ESD + EMR (4/11) ESD + EMR + trans-anal surgical excision (3/11). Intra-procedural bleeding occurred in 8 cases, controlled with hemostatic clips and Coagrasper (Olympus); surgical suturing was required in one case (1/8). Prophylactic clips (2/11) and surgical sutures (1/11) were placed to treat deep muscle injury. There were no perforations and no delayed bleeding episodes. Patients were discharged the day following TASER in all cases. Surveillance at 3–6 months revealed no recurrence in 6 cases, whereas in four cases the follow up procedure is still pending. The malignant polyp case was referred to surgery with a good clinical outcome (T3, N0, M0). <h3>Conclusion</h3> TASER appears to be a safe and efficient approach providing an optimal platform for resection of large rectal lesions. In our experience it provides the optimal platform for the minimally-invasive management of these high risk lesions. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Predicted Costs and Outcomes From Reduced Vibration Detection in People With Diabetes in the U.S.
Authors: Arran Shearer, Paul Scuffham, Adam Gordois, Alan Oglesby
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The ability to perceive vibration (vibration detection) has been shown to be a good predictor of the long-term complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We aimed to estimate the predicted complications and costs for the U.S. health care system associated with reduced vibration detection (vibration perception threshold >or=25 V), estimated using a quantitative sensory testing device.A Markov model was constructed for a hypothetical cohort of people with DPN. The model was run over a 10-year period using Monte Carlo simulations to estimate disease progression, predicted costs, and complications according to vibration detection levels.The average individual with reduced vibration detection incurs approximately five times more direct medical costs for foot ulcer and amputations, yields 0.18 fewer quality-adjusted life-years, and lives for approximately 2 months less than an average individual with normal vibration detection.The treatment of foot ulceration and amputation is time-consuming and expensive. If individuals with reduced vibration detection could be identified, then preventative care could be concentrated on those patients, potentially saving valuable resources and improving health outcomes.
Diabetes Surging in China
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Young women at more risk of HIV infection than young men
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The unchecked sexual exploitation of girls and women is contributing to the fact that young women are “bearing the brunt” of new HIV infections, Unicef has warned in a report.

Unicef adds that this route of infection is undermining medical progress against the AIDS pandemic.

It says that of the 5.5 million people aged 15-24 worldwide with the virus, two thirds are women. In southern Africa, which is home to 67% of all people with HIV, women under 25 are 2-4.5 times more likely than male peers to become infected.

Anita Tiessen, deputy …
Rhododendrons, Mountain Laurel, and Mad Honey
Authors: Kenneth F. Lampe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

One of the earliest reports of poisoning was the mass intoxication that resulted from the ingestion of honey produced from the nectar of<i>Rhododendron ponticum</i>, which was described by Xenophon in the anabasis during the expedition of Cyrus in 401BC near Trebizond (today's Trabzon): The number of bee hives was extraordinary, and all of the soldiers that ate of the honey combs lost their senses, vomited, and were affected with purging, and none of them was able to stand upright; such as had eaten only a little were like men greatly intoxicated, and such as had eaten much were like mad men and some like persons at the point of death. They lay upon the ground, in consequence, in great numbers, as if there had been a defeat; and there was general dejection. The next day, no one of them was found dead; and they recovered their senses about the
Hepatobiliary Imaging in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 2
Authors: TON-HO YOUNG, YOU-CHEN CHAO, HUNG-SHUNG TANG, WEN-SHENG HUANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2 is an inherited form of hyperbilirubinemia characterized by decreased formation of conjugated bilirubin resulting in increased total serum bilirubin, mostly of the unconjugated form. Tc-99m DISIDA imaging in a 20-year-old man with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2 showed good liver uptake with unimpaired excretion and persistent radionuclide accumulation in the gallbladder region up to 6 hours after injection. The Intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree and gallbladder were seen clearly at 15 minutes. Some activity could be detected in the intestines at 2 hours. The use of radioactive dyes such as Tc-99m DISIDA help us to understand the pathophysiologic nature of this disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy in Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 2.
Nitroso–Redox Balance in the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Joshua M. Hare
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In this issue of the Journal, Taylor and colleagues report the results of the African-American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT), a double-blind, randomized trial that evaluated the effect of the addition of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine to the best conventional therapy in patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure who identified themselves as black.1 The results with the combination therapy were markedly positive, meeting the composite end point of the trial, which included death from any cause, a first hospitalization for heart failure, and quality-of-life measures. In addition, there was an impressive reduction in the rate of death from any cause of . . .
Comparative studies on central factors contributing to the hypotensive action of propranolol, alprenolol, and their enantiomers
Authors: L. OFFERHAUS, P. A. V. ZWIETEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

The β-receptor blocking drugs, propranolol and alprenolol, and their dextrorotatory isomers were injected or infused into the vertebral artery of open-chest, anaesthetized cats and the hypotensive effects were compared to those obtained after injection or infusion of the same dose into a peripheral vein. Penetration of these drugs through the blood-brain barrier was studied by the assay of drug concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Propranolol probably lacks marked central hypotensive properties, whereas the blood pressure lowering effect of alprenolol was shown to possess a substantial central component.
A Tampered Medical Spoon: Radiographic Detection
Authors: M. Leopold Brodny
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Antique collectors are aware that, not infrequently, paintings, sculptures, furniture, and jewelry are found to be partially or totally forged, and that even specimens in major museums and in the galleries of reliable dealers have been proven to be fakes after investigation by modern techniques. The reproduction of antiques is a sub rosa profession, often well organized and served by talented craftsmen who are not only interested in the monetary return, but also seem to delight in fooling the experts. Some types of antiques have not been forged because of the difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory reproduction, the low cost of the original, or a limited market. In recent years, there has been a marked interest in antiques with medical or health connotations, and the resultant scarcities and increase in prices have made forgeries remunerative. A decade ago there were so many medical instruments and artifacts at
Conan Doyle: A Biography
Authors: David F. Musto
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The author of Doyle's latest biography is professor of English at the University of Nantes. This major study of Conan Doyle emphasizes, therefore, aspects of his creations and activities different from the earlier and less scholarly works by the professional biographer, Hesketh Pearson (1943) and the mysterywriter, John Dickson Carr (1949).<i>Conan Doyle: A Biography</i>examines in detail and with balanced sensitivity the literary characteristics of the histories, romances, science-fiction novels, and detective adventures. In addition to this outstanding literary analysis, M. Nordon does not hesitate to discuss at length and with objectivity Doyle's early attraction and final conversion to spiritualism, which has long frustrated attempts to fit Doyle into a conventional mold. It is jarring to discover that a political activist, imperialist historian of wars, and creator of the greatest literary scientific sleuth in literature, is also a zealous spiritualist who spent much of his fortune testifying to contact
Regulation of β-adrenergic control of heart rate by GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and tetrahydrobiopterin
Authors: David Adlam, Neil Herring, Gillian Douglas, Joseph P. De Bono, Dan Li, Edward J. Danson, Amy Tatham, Cheih-Ju Lu, Katie A. Jennings, Stephanie J. Cragg, Barbara Casadei, David J. Paterson, Keith M. Channon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Clinical markers of cardiac autonomic function, such as heart rate and response to exercise, are important predictors of cardiovascular risk. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a required cofactor for enzymes with roles in cardiac autonomic function, including tyrosine hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase. Synthesis of BH4 is regulated by GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), encoded by GCH1. Recent clinical studies report associations between GCH1 variants and increased heart rate, but the mechanistic importance of GCH1 and BH4 in autonomic function remains unclear. We investigate the effect of BH4 deficiency on the autonomic regulation of heart rate in the hph-1 mouse model of BH4 deficiency. In the hph-1 mouse, reduced cardiac GCH1 expression, GTPCH enzymatic activity, and BH4 were associated with increased resting heart rate; blood pressure was not different. Exercise training decreased resting heart rate, but hph-1 mice retained a relative tachycardia. Vagal nerve stimulation in vitro induced bradycardia equally in hph-1 and wild-type mice both before and after exercise training. Direct atrial responses to carbamylcholine were equal. In contrast, propranolol treatment normalized the resting tachycardia in vivo. Stellate ganglion stimulation and isoproterenol but not forskolin application in vitro induced a greater tachycardic response in hph-1 mice. β1-adrenoceptor protein was increased as was the cAMP response to isoproterenol stimulation. Reduced GCH1 expression and BH4 deficiency cause tachycardia through enhanced β-adrenergic sensitivity, with no effect on vagal function. GCH1 expression and BH4 are novel determinants of cardiac autonomic regulation that may have important roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
The Appendix
Authors: Emily Z. Keung, Stanley W. Ashley
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Epigenetic maintenance of the vernalized state in Arabidopsis thaliana requires LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1
Authors: Sibum Sung, Yuehui He, Tifani W Eshoo, Yosuke Tamada, Lianna Johnson, Kenji Nakahigashi, Koji Goto, Steve E Jacobsen, Richard M Amasino
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Efficacy of intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction in reducing arrhythmias and mortality. Meta-analysis of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: S M Horner
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND To ascertain the effect of the intravenous administration of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction on the frequency of arrhythmias and mortality, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 930 patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to primary referral hospitals. Administration of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction was associated with a 49% reduction in ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The incidence of cardiac arrest was reduced by 58%. The frequency of supraventricular tachycardias was also lower. Overall, there was a 54% reduction in mortality. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous magnesium is a safe and effective method of reducing the frequency of arrhythmias and mortality in acute myocardial infarction.
THE RESISTANCE OF PUPS TO LATE CHLOROFORM POISONING IN ITS RELATION TO LIVER GLYCOGEN
Authors: Evarts A. Graham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1915)

The relative difficulty with which the characteristic central lobular liver necrosis can be produced in young pups after chloroform administration is in some way referable to the high glycogen contents of their livers. Evidence for this conclusion lies in the following facts: 1. Pups can readily be made to show the central liver necrosis which is found in chloroform poisoning in adults, if, prior to the administration of chloroform, they have been starved or starved and made diabetic by phlorhizin. 2. A single quantitative experiment showed that the liver of a normal, well nourished pup, twenty-four hours old, contained as much as 9.07 per cent. of glycogen. 3. The feeding of carbohydrates to adult animals lessens their susceptibility to the production of liver necrosis by chloroform.
Functional and Morphologic Maturation of the Superficial Nephrons RELATIONSHIP TO TOTAL KIDNEY FUNCTION
Authors: Adrian Spitzer, Matthias Brandis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The functional and morphologic pattern of superficial nephron development was studied in guinea pigs ranging in age between 2 h and 38 days. Concomitent measurements of total kidney function and glomerular counts were also performed. Superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate was found to increase from 0.92 to 19.32 nl/min. The filtration rate of the entire kidney rose from 0.19 to 1.31 ml/min. During the first 15 days of life the average rate of increase in glomerular filtration rate per nephron (0.48 nl/min.day), obtained by dividing the increase in total kidney glomerular filtration rate by glomerular number, was more than twice the observed rate of increase in the superficial nephrons (0.21 nl/min.day). During the remainder of the first month, the increase in superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate (0.97 nl/min.day) was greater than the average increase for all nephrons (0.71 nl/min.day). Thus, the initial increase in total kidney glomerular filtration rate was primarily a consequence of the activity of the deep nephrons, whereas during the ensuing period the superficial nephrons appeared to be the sole contributors to the change in total kidney glomerular filtration rate.The increase in superficial nephron glomerular filtration rate was found to correlate closely with the increase in proximal tubular length. Functional glomerulotubular balance was maintained throughout the entire period of renal maturation.
Upper airway collapse and reopening induce inflammation in a sleep apnoea model
Authors: I. Almendros, A. Carreras, J. Ramírez, J. M. Montserrat, D. Navajas, R. Farré
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The upper airway of obstructive sleep apnoea patients is subjected to recurrent negative pressure swings promoting its collapse and reopening. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether this mechanical stress induces upper airway inflammation in a rat model. The upper airway of Sprague–Dawley rats was subjected to a periodic pattern of recurrent negative (-40 cmH 2 O, 1 s) and positive (4 cmH 2 O, 2 s) pressures inducing collapse and reopening for 5 h. Rats that were instrumented but not subjected to negative pressure swings were used as controls. The gene expression of the pro-inflammatory biomarkers macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and P-selectin in the soft palate and larynx tissues was assessed by real-time PCR. A marked overexpression of MIP-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and P-selectin (∼40-, 24-, 47- and 7-fold greater than controls, respectively) was observed in the larynx tissue; similar results were found in the soft palate tissue (∼14-, 7-, 35- and 11-fold greater than controls, respectively). Recurrent upper airway collapse and reopening mimicking those experienced by obstructive sleep apnoea patients triggered an early local inflammatory process. These results could explain the inflammation observed in the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnoea patients.
Physicians' Beliefs and U.S. Health Care Reform — A National Survey
Authors: Ryan M. Antiel, Farr A. Curlin, Katherine M. James, Jon C. Tilburt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In an address to the American Medical Association on June 15, 2009, President Barack Obama acknowledged that he needed physicians' support on health care reform and offered to work with physicians to achieve the reform he believes is essential. In recent months, commentators have called on physicians to be "our most credible and effective leaders of progress toward a new world of coordinated, sensible, outcome-oriented care" and to "find a brave voice" for changing health care's funding structures in a way that "puts quality of care before financial gain."1 Are U.S. physicians prepared to play such a part?2 Previous research . . .
Effects of blood pressure changes on development and regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: A 26 year longitudinal study
Authors: Naoto Ashizawa, Shinji Seto, Kouei Kitano, Kyoko Toyama, Hideo Sasaki, Kazunori Kodama, Yutaka Hosoda, Katsutaro Shimaoka, Yoshisada Shibata Deng, Kunitake Hashiba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)