tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NI-85 * DELAYED CONTRAST MRI FOR DIFFERENTIATING TUMOR/NON-TUMOR TISSUES IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS - HISTOLOGICAL VALIDATION AND COMPARISON WITH DSC/DCE
Authors: Leor Zach, David Guez, Dianne Daniels, Yuval Grober, Ouzi Nissim, Chen Hoffmann, Dvora Nass, Alisa Talianski, Roberto Spiegelmann, Sharona Salomon, Andrew Kanner, Debora Blumenthal, Felix Bukshtein, Michal Yalon, Jacob Zauberman, Dror Limon, Tzahala Tzuk, Zvi Cohen, Yael Mardor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Conventional MRI is unable to differentiate tumor/non-tumoral enhancing tissues on conventional T1-MRI (radionecrosis/pseudoprogression). We have applied delayed contrast MRI for calculating high resolution (1mm3) treatment response assessment maps (TRAMs) clearly differentiating tumor/non-tumoral tissues in brain tumor patients and validated the TRAMs histologically. We further assessed the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of rCBV/KTrans (DSC/DCE MRI) to tumor. METHODS: 162 patients with primary/metastatic tumors were recruited/followed on study. The maps were validated by comparing pre-surgical maps of 51 patients with histology. Histological evaluation consisted of blinded pathological reports and non-blinded evaluation of 62 biopsies and 8 en-block samples. The sensitivity/PPV of rCBV to tumor was studied for 46 resected patients, where rCBV was compared with histology. The sensitivity/PPV of rCBV/KTranse was studied separately for 49/42 non-resected patients where these parameters were compared with the TRAMs. RESULTS: Histological validation confirmed that regions of contrast agent-clearance > 1hr post contrast injection represent morphologically active tumor while regions of contrast accumulation represent non-tumor tissues. Based on the blinded histological reports, the TRAMs showed sensitivity/PPV to active tumor of 100%/92%. The addition of the non-blinded data resulted in sensitivity/PPV of 99%/95%. Significant correlation was found between tumor volumes in the TRAMs and in the en-block samples (r2 = 0.84, p < 0.0001). Comparison of rCBV with histology resulted in sensitivity/PPV of 51%/96%. When comparing rCBV/KTrans to the TRAMs we found a sensitivity of 23%/24% and PPV of 100%/90% to tumor regions in the TRAMs. The lower sensitivity of rCBV to tumor in the non-resected patients may be attributed to the larger percentage of smaller metastatic tumors that tend towards lower perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high PPV of rCBV/KTrans to tumor, the low sensitivity suggests that 49%-76% of the tumors will remain undetected. Our data suggest that the TRAMs provide both high PPV and high sensitivity to tumor tissues.
Thromboembolic complications after splenectomy for hematologic diseases
Authors: Martin Mohren, Ilka Markmann, Ulrike Dworschak, Astrid Franke, Christian Maas, Sabine Mewes, Günter Weiss, Kathleen Jentsch‐Ullrich
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Thromboembolic complications following splenectomy for hematologic diseases occur in up to 10% of patients and may range from portal vein thrombosis (PVT) to pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Up to now there exist no recommendations for the duration and intensity of prophylactic anticoagulation, which usually follows local institutional protocols. We report on three consecutive patients with severe portal vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism—one with fatal outcome—7 to 35 days after splenectomy for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immunothrombocytopenia, and indolent lymphoma, respectively. Incidence and pathophysiology of thromboembolic events (TE) in this patient group as well as prophylactic anticoagulation will be discussed, including a review of the current literature on this topic. Am. J. Hematol. 76:143–147, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diseases of the Nose, Throat, Ear, Head and Neck
Authors: William D. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The 13th edition of "Ballenger" introduces the 76th year of continuous publication for this classic otolaryngic textbook. The addition of "Head and Neck" to the title is symbolic of the expanded scope of this work. The more than 1,400 pages are filled with the work of 34 contributors. There are 69 chapters, divided into six sections as follows: (1) "The Nose and Accessory Sinuses," (2) "Neck, Oropharynx, and Nasopharynx," (3) "Diseases of the Larynx," (4) "Radiology of the Head and Neck," (5) "The Ear," and (6) "Bronchoesophagology." Among the new or expanded topics covered are allergy, immunology, surgery of the thyroid gland, laser surgery, computed tomography of the head and neck, skull base surgery, and several otologic subjects. Most of the sections are well written and comprehensive. Illustrations are numerous and of good to excellent quality. The subject matter is logically organized, and the index is adequate. The selection of
Microparticles, Vascular Function, and Atherothrombosis
Authors: Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Anne-Clémence Vion, Nicolas Amabile, Gilles Chironi, Alain Simon, Alain Tedgui, Chantal M. Boulanger
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Membrane-shed submicron microparticles (MPs) are released after cell activation or apoptosis. High levels of MPs circulate in the blood of patients with atherothrombotic diseases, where they could serve as a useful biomarker of vascular injury and a potential predictor of cardiovascular mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events. Atherosclerotic lesions also accumulate large numbers of MPs of leukocyte, smooth muscle cell, endothelial, and erythrocyte origin. A large body of evidence supports the role of MPs at different steps of atherosclerosis development, progression, and complications. Circulating MPs impair the atheroprotective function of the vascular endothelium, at least partly, by decreased nitric oxide synthesis. Plaque MPs favor local inflammation by augmenting the expression of adhesion molecule, such as intercellular adhesion molecule -1 at the surface of endothelial cell, and monocyte recruitment within the lesion. In addition, plaque MPs stimulate angiogenesis, a key event in the transition from stable to unstable lesions. MPs also may promote local cell apoptosis, leading to the release and accumulation of new MPs, and thus creating a vicious circle. Furthermore, highly thrombogenic plaque MPs could increase thrombus formation at the time of rupture, together with circulating MPs released in this context by activated platelets and leukocytes. Finally, MPs also could participate in repairing the consequences of arterial occlusion and tissue ischemia by promoting postischemic neovascularization.
Psychosocial functioning of young adults with cystic fibrosis and their families.
Authors: C Blair, A Cull, C P Freeman
Journal: Thorax (1994)

The psychosocial functioning of adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis still living in the parental home was investigated. With its proven genetic aetiology cystic fibrosis is an ideal model with which to assess the impact of a chronic and life threatening disorder on family and individual psychological and social functioning.Twenty nine patients with cystic fibrosis and their families were compared with those of 27 patients with anorexia nervosa and 31 well controls. Assessments were made using self reporting, interview, and observational methods.Most patients with cystic fibrosis were in robust psychological health and only differed from their healthy peers in that they were much less likely to be in employment. Mothers of patients with cystic fibrosis or anorexia nervosa were more likely than the mothers of the well group to be emotionally distressed, although this was not so for fathers. Young people in both illness groups were more likely to have parents with high levels of expressed emotion. Most families of patients with cystic fibrosis had good problem solving abilities.In spite of the burden of illness in cystic fibrosis psychological functioning in many respects matches that of well young people.
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Children With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fuad Alkhoury, Tassos C. Kyriakides
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

IMPORTANCEThe present study is the largest on the use and effect of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in pediatric trauma patients.OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of ICP monitoring on survival in pediatric patients with severe head injuries using the National Trauma Data Bank. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe National Trauma Data Bank was queried (version 6.2, 2001-2006) for information on patients younger than 17 years admitted to an intensive care unit with blunt traumatic brain injury (TBI), Injury Severity Score (ISS) greater than 9, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score less than 9. Patients with incomplete medical records and those with intensive care unit length of stay of less than 24 hours were excluded from the study.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Parametric comparisons (t tests and χ 2 as appropriate) were performed to compare patients who received ICP monitoring with those who did not.Stepwise logistic regression methods were used to assess whether ICP monitoring in the presence of other variables (age, sex, ISS, Revised Trauma Score, and GCS score) was associated with survival. RESULTSMonitoring of ICP was performed in only 7.7% of patients who met the monitoring criteria recommended by the Brain Trauma Foundation.There were no significant differences in age, sex, or GCS score.After adjustment for admission GCS score, age group, sex, Revised Trauma Score, and injury ISS, ICP monitoring was associated with a reduction in mortality only for patients with a GCS score of 3 (odds ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-1.00).Comparison between the 2 groups showed that the ICP monitoring group had a longer hospital length of stay (21.0 days vs 10.4 days; P < .001),longer intensive care unit stay (12.6 vs 6.3 days; P < .001),and more ventilator days (9.2 vs 4.7; P < .001).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Despite current Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines, ICP monitoring is used infrequently in the pediatric population.The data suggest that there is a small, yet statistically significant, survival advantage in patients who have ICP monitors and a GCS score of 3.However, all patients with ICP monitors experienced longer hospital length of stay, longer intensive care unit stay, and more ventilator days compared with those without ICP monitors.A prospective observational study would be helpful to accurately define the population for whom ICP monitoring is advantageous.
Stem cell impregnated nanofiber stent sleeve for on-stent production and intravascular delivery of paracrine factors
Authors: Chao-Wei Hwang, Peter V. Johnston, Gary Gerstenblith, Robert G. Weiss, Gordon F. Tomaselli, Virginia E. Bogdan, Asmi Panigrahi, Aleksandra Leszczynska, Zhiyong Xia
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
HSV-2: in pursuit of a vaccine
Authors: Christine Johnston, David M. Koelle, Anna Wald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In addition to recurrent genital ulcers, HSV-2 causes neonatal herpes, and it is associated with a 3-fold increased risk for HIV acquisition. Although many HSV-2 vaccines have been studied in animal models, few have reached clinical trials, and those that have been tested in humans were not consistently effective. Here, we review HSV-2 pathogenesis, with a focus on novel understanding of mucosal immunobiology of HSV-2, and vaccine efforts to date, in an attempt to stimulate thinking about future directions for development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic HSV-2 vaccines.
Undernutrition and Child Development
Authors: H. Peter Chase, Harold P. Martin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

When 19 children who had been hospitalized with undernutrition in the first year of life were compared with a control group three to four years later, the test group was found to be lower in height, weight, head circumference and developmental quotient. Impairment of physical and mental development appeared to correlate with the duration of undernutrition in the first year of life. Nine children admitted to the hospital with undernutrition but treated in the first four months of life now have a mean developmental quotient of 95, which is similar to the mean of 99 for the control children. In 10 with undernutrition after four months of age low indexes for height, weight and head circumference were more frequent, and the mean developmental quotient was 70. Social factors associated with undernutrition included paternal separation, alcohol-related problems, inadequate money and many young siblings.
PMO-109 IGG4 related autoimmune disease—experience from north east of England
Authors: S Chatterjee, K Oppong, M Nayar
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> IgG4 related disease is now well recognised as a multisystem disease. This condition, originally discovered in Japan in 1995 is now being increasingly recognised in the Western World. Apart from diagnosis, treatment can also present as a challenge in a small group of patients. We report our experience from a tertiary referral hospital in North-East England. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were obtained from retrospective case note review from 2005 to 2011. Only patients diagnosed with AIP and IgG4 disease based on accepted international criteria were included in the study.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Results</h3> 16 patients were identified during this period. Mean age group was 64 years (Range 43–83 yrs). Male=15, Female=1. Abnormal LFTs were present in 62.5% of patients. Mean bilirubin was 97 mmols/l (range 4–354). Mean total IgG was 15.9 g/l (range 7.5–26.7). Mean IgG4 subclass levels was 6.4 g/l (Range 0.27–24.6). Pancreas was affected in 88% (15) and biliary abnormalities were seen in 62.5% (10) of the cases. Other organs noted to be involved were pericardium (1), retroperitoneum (2), gall bladder (2). Two patients had duodenal obstruction due to inflammation of the duodenum, stomach, peripancreatic area and the gall bladder bed. CT scan revealed enlarged head of pancreas (HOP) in nine patients (57%), extra-pancreatic mass in 4 (25%), extra hepatic bile duct involvement in 10 (62.5 %) and intrahepatic bile duct involvement in 9 (37.5%). 3 (18.75%) patients underwent ERCP and two had stenting of biliary strictures. EUS was performed in nine patients—showed enlarged HOP in 4 (44 %) and changes of chronic pancreatitis—4 (44 %). Nine patients (56%) had a raised serum IgG4. Diagnosis was made at surgery or by laparoscopic biopsy in 7 (44%) patients. Final diagnosis: Type I AIP in 15 patients (88%), Type II AIP in 1 (6%) and IgG4 cholangiopathy with no pancreatic involvement in 1 (6%). Other autoimmune diseases that were associated were Raynauds disease (1) and Sjogren9s syndrome (1). Steroids were initiated in 12 (75%) patients (mean dose 37.5 mg). Disease relapsed in three patients (25%). Azathioprine was started on five patients. One patient was switched to 6MP due to side effects. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Extrapancreatic disease, especially biliary structuring appears to be common. As this condition mimics malignancy, a combination of modalities were needed to arrive at a diagnosis. Relapse in not uncommon and a small group of patients will require additional immunosuppression for control of the disease. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Okazaki K</b>, Kawa S, Kamisawa T, <i>et al.</i> Clinical diagnostic criteria of autoimmune pancreatitis: revised proposal. <i>J Gastroenterol</i> 2006;<b>41</b>:626–31.
Uncertain what uncertainty monitoring monitors
Authors: Victoria M. Wilkins, LeeAnn Cardaciotto, Steven M. Platek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Smith et al. present a model that they suggest may clarify aspects of the phylogenetic distribution of metacognition, based on observation of what they call uncertainty monitoring. Although they suggest that their model is supported by data collected using monkeys and dolphins, their interpretation that nonhuman animal behaviors parallel thought processes in humans may be unwarranted. The model presented by Smith et al. is inconsistent with current theories and empirical findings on the comparative aspects of metacognition. We present three oversights of the model and extend our critique to include a brief discussion of animal self-awareness, as well as current neuropsychological perspectives on metacognitive processing in humans.
Inhibition of human erythroid colony-forming units by tumor necrosis factor requires beta interferon.
Authors: R T Means, S B Krantz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have previously reported that inhibition of human CFU-erythroid (E) colony formation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an indirect effect mediated by a soluble factor released from a fraction of marrow accessory cells which are predominantly stromal elements (Means, R. T., Jr., E. N. Dessypris, and S. B. Krantz. 1990. J. Clin. Invest. 86:538-541). Further studies reported here identify a mediator of this effect. The inhibitory effect of recombinant TNF on marrow CFU-E is ablated by neutralizing antibodies to human beta IFN, but not by antibodies to gamma IFN or IL-1. Anti-beta IFN also neutralizes the inhibitory effect of conditioned medium prepared from marrow cells exposed to TNF. Human beta IFN inhibits colony formation by unpurified marrow CFU-E as well as highly purified CFU-E generated from peripheral blood progenitors, and limiting dilution analysis shows that this is a direct inhibitory effect. TNF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic diseases since blood TNF levels are elevated in many patients with this syndrome, and since exposure to TNF produces a similar anemia in either humans or mice. The present study demonstrates that beta IFN is a required mediator of this inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis.
An Evaluation of the Effect of Smoking on Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Carl C. Seltzer
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In January 1964, the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health<sup>1</sup>in considering the available information on smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) (International Statistical Classification [ISC] 420) reported that "male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from coronary artery disease than nonsmoking males, but it is not clear that the association has casual significance." Three points should be noted. First, the committee left no doubt that there was a consistent statistically significant association among cigarette smokers of increased mortality and morbidity from CHD in men, particularly during middle life. Seven large completed or current prospective studies of smoking and death rate gave a CHD median mortality ratio (current cigarette smokers to nonsmokers) of 1.7, with no significant excess deaths among cigar and pipe smokers. Second, the committee recognized that certain factors other than smoking were known or thought to predispose to the condition or to be
Variant in the glucokinase regulatory protein ( GCKR ) gene is associated with fatty liver in obese children and adolescents
Authors: Nicola Santoro, Clarence K. Zhang, Hongyu Zhao, Andrew J. Pakstis, Grace Kim, Romy Kursawe, Daniel J. Dykas, Allen E. Bale, Cosimo Giannini, Bridget Pierpont, Melissa M. Shaw, Leif Groop, Sonia Caprio
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Recently, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified as rs1260326, in the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR), was associated with hypertriglyceridemia in adults. Because accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes represents the hallmark of steatosis, we aimed to investigate whether this variant might be associated with fatty liver (hepatic fat content, HFF%). Moreover, because recently rs738409 in the PNPLA3 and rs2854116 in the APOC3 were associated with fatty liver, we explored how the GCKR SNP and these two variants jointly influence hepatosteatosis. We studied 455 obese children and adolescents (181 Caucasians, 139 African Americans, and 135 Hispanics). All underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and fasting lipoprotein subclasses measurement by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. A subset of 142 children underwent a fast gradient magnetic resonance imaging to measure the HFF%. The rs1260326 was associated with elevated triglycerides (Caucasians P = 0.00014; African Americans P = 0.00417), large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (Caucasians P = 0.001; African Americans, P = 0.03), and with fatty liver (Caucasians P = 0.034; African Americans P = 0.00002; and Hispanics P = 0.016). The PNPLA3, but not the APOC3 rs2854116 SNP, was associated with fatty liver but not with triglyceride levels. There was a joint effect between the PNPLA3 and GCKR SNPs, explaining 32% of HFF% variance in Caucasians (P = 0.00161), 39.0% in African Americans (P = 0.00000496), and 15% in Hispanics (P = 0.00342).The rs1260326 in GCKR is associated with hepatic fat accumulation along with large VLDL and triglyceride levels. GCKR and PNPLA3 act together to convey susceptibility to fatty liver in obese youths.
A picornaviral 2A-like sequence-based tricistronic vector allowing for high-level therapeutic gene expression coupled to a dual-reporter system
Authors: Mark J. Osborn, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Ron T. McElmurry, Scott K. Bell, Dario A.A. Vignali, Martin D. Ryan, Andrew C. Wilber, R. Scott McIvor, Jakub Tolar, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The 2A-like sequences from members of the picornavirus family were utilized to construct a tricistronic vector bearing the human iduronidase (IDUA) gene along with the firefly luciferase and DsRed2 reporter genes. The 2A-like sequences mediate a cotranslational cleavage event resulting in the release of each individual protein product. Efficient cleavage was observed and all three proteins were functional in vitro and in vivo, allowing for supratherapeutic IDUA enzyme levels and the coexpression of luciferase and DsRed2 expression, which enabled us to track gene expression.
Abstract 633: BAL1 and its partner E3 Ligase, BBAP, Link PARP activation, Ubiquitylation and double-strand DNA repair independent of ATM, MDC1 and RNF8.
Authors: Qingsheng Yan, Rong Xu, Liya Zhu, Xin Cheng, Zhe Wang, John Manis, Margaraet Shipp
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The BAL1 macro domain-containing protein and its partner E3 ligase, BBAP, are overexpressed in chemotherapy-resistant lymphomas. BBAP selectively ubiquitylates histone H4 and indirectly promotes early 53BP1 recruitment to DNA damage sites. However, neither BBAP nor BAL1 have been directly associated with a DNA damage response (DDR) and the function of BAL1 remains undefined. DDR proteins assemble in a coordinated, sequential manner at sites of DNA breaks. The initial recruitment phase is rapid, transient and dependent upon PARylation at DNA damage sites. A second phase, which also begins within seconds but lasts for hours, includes the sequential phosphorylation of ATM, MDC1 and the RNF8-dependent ubiquitylation of multiple double-strand break (DSB) repair factors. We have now defined a direct link between the rapid and short-lived PARP1 activation and PARylation at DNA damage sites, PAR-dependent recruitment of the BAL1 macro domain-containing protein and its partner BBAP E3 ligase, local BBAP-mediated ubiquitylation and subsequent recruitment of the checkpoint mediators, 53BP1 and BRCA1. The PARP1-dependent localization of BAL1/BBAP functionally limits both early and delayed DNA damage and enhances cellular viability independent of ATM, MDC1 and RNF8. These data establish BAL1 and BBAP as bona fide DDR pathway members and directly associate PARP1 activation, BRCA1 recruitment and DSB repair. Citation Format: Qingsheng Yan, Rong Xu, Liya Zhu, Xin Cheng, Zhe Wang, John Manis, Margaraet Shipp. BAL1 and its partner E3 Ligase, BBAP, Link PARP activation, Ubiquitylation and double-strand DNA repair independent of ATM, MDC1 and RNF8. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 633. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-633