tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
REPORT OF CASES OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, TREATED WITH INTRAPLEURAL INJECTIONS OF NITROGEN, WITH A CONSIDERATION OF THE PATHOLOGY OF COMPRESSION OF A TUBERCULOUS LUNG.
Authors: A. F. LEMKE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

At the last meeting of thisAssociation, in Denver, Dr. J. B. Murphy, in his oration on "Surgery of the Lung," called attention to the principles which underlie the healing of tuberculosis in general, and more particularly as they apply to the healing of foci of this disease in the lung. He referred to the statistics of Osler, Bollinger, Massini and Harris, who found evidence of old tuberculosis in from 7.5 to 39 per cent. of those who died from other causes than tuberculosis. It will be seen that this exceeds the percentage of deaths due to tuberculosis. From a careful consideration of conditions that enhance and favor healing of pulmonary tuberculosis, such as frequent cure of the disease, when it becomes complicated with serous pleurisy, empyema or pneumothorax, either natural or artificial, and the retraction of the chest wall that results from contraction of the diseased lung which goes
Myocardial ischaemia induced by endothelin in the intact rabbit: angiographic analysis
Authors: K.-i. Hirata, Y. Matsuda, H Akita, M Yokoyama, H Fukuzaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim was to clarify the effects of endothelin on coronary vasculature in the intact rabbit by coronary angiographic examination. Design – By selective coronary angiography bolus injections of various amounts of endothelin (0.01-1 nmol) were given into the right coronary artery of anaesthetised rabbits. The preventive effects of nifedipine on endothelin induced myocardial ischaemia were examined. Subjects – Adult male Japanese white rabbits (2.7-3.5 kg, n=29) were used for in vivo and in vitro studies. Measurements and main results – Intracoronary administration of 0.1 nmol endothelin led to the delayed filling of contrast medium into the distal coronary artery and the sustained retention of contrast medium in both large and small coronary arteries, associated with distinct ST elevation in leads II, III and aVF on the electrocardiogram. However, endothelin produced no evident constriction at any site in the large epicardial coronary arteries. Intracoronary administration of glyceryl trinitrate (50 μg) or nifedipine (5 μg) failed to reverse myocardial ischaemic changes induced by endothelin. Pretreatment with intravenous administration of nifedipine (3 μg·kg−1) partially inhibited the endothelin induced vasoconstrictor effect on small coronary arteries and subsequent ischaemic changes. In isolated coronary arterial preparation, endothelin produced long lasting contraction in a dose dependent manner [ED50=3.7 (SEM 1.8) nM]. Pretreatment with nifedipine inhibited the maximum contraction induced by endothelin, but did not affect the threshold dose or the half maximal effective dose (ED50). Endothelin (0.1 μM) per se did not produce aggregatory responses of rabbit platelets. Conclusions – Endothelin induced myocardial ischaemia cannot be ascribed to vasospastic constriction of large coronary arteries nor to platelet thrombi, but diffuse constriction of small coronary arteries occurs in the intact rabbit.
RHINITIS ATROPHICA FETIDA (OZENA GENUINA.)Read in the Section on Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: O. M. WATERMAN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The years from 1878 to 1888 having been remarkably fertile in the contributions of specialists to the subject of rhinitis atrophica fetida, commonly called ozena, the diligent observer is surprised to note how little has been written since that time about this not uncommon disease. After reviewing the articles from every standpoint, we come to the conclusion that the knowledge we possess of the etiology, as well as of the therapy, of the disease is a very uncertain one. Notwithstanding the abundance of material, scarcely two observers have come to the same conclusion; and the very praise of the different curative methods and medicinal agents now in vogue, none of which, however, have proved unquestionably successful, show the impotence of our present mode of treating the disease. Such facts are certainly discouraging; but those afflicted with ozena are so deserving of pity that new investigations, conducive to finding a cure
A Winter's Tale
Authors: Gregory J. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Gonococcal Antitoxin" in Treatment of Gonorrhoea
Authors: E. T. Burke, J. Gabe, A. H. Harkness, A. J. King
Journal: BMJ (1938)

In a preliminary report Anwyl-Davies (1937) described the results he had observed in a series of 157 cases of gonor- rhoea in the male, treated with a serum prepared by Parke, Davis and Co., and described as a " specific anti- toxin."The series included forty-two cases of acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea and 115 with complications, eighty-four of them acute, and his conclusions were: (a) that the results were distinctly encouraging; (b) that the " antitoxin " possessed specific therapeutic properties (c) that clinical evidence suggested that both active and passive immunity were established; and (d) that the "antitoxin " seemed to offer considerable promise in the TABLE 1.-Sunmnary of Resltlts fr-omt St. Pecr s Hospital nEffects A'sessrnent of Results N o.Group of Reac-Corn-Excel-Cases; tios plica- lent Good Fair Bad tions
Effect of influenza B virus infection on human performance.
Authors: A P Smith, M Thomas, P Brockman, J Kent, K G Nicholson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Anecdotal evidence suggests that influenza reduces people's safety and efficiency in their workplace. Studies of experimentally induced influenza B in volunteers at the Medical Research Council Common Cold Unit showed that infection increased reaction times to stimuli occurring at varying intervals but that hand-eye coordination was unimpaired. We report the results of two studies to determine whether natural influenza B similarly prolongs human reaction times and whether other performance indicators are affected.
Molecular Evolution of the Mammalian Prion Protein
Authors: Teun van Rheede, Marcel M. W. Smolenaars, Ole Madsen, Wilfried W. de Jong
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Prion protein (PrP) sequences are until now available for only six of the 18 orders of placental mammals. A broader comparison of mammalian prions might help to understand the enigmatic functional and pathogenic properties of this protein. We therefore determined PrP coding sequences in 26 mammalian species to include all placental orders and major subordinal groups. Glycosylation sites, cysteines forming a disulfide bridge, and a hydrophobic transmembrane region are perfectly conserved. Also, the sequences responsible for secondary structure elements, for N- and C-terminal processing of the precursor protein, and for attachment of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor are well conserved. The N-terminal region of PrP generally contains five or six repeats of the sequence P(Q/H)GGG(G/-)WGQ, but alleles with two, four, and seven repeats were observed in some species. This suggests, together with the pattern of amino acid replacements in these repeats, the regular occurrence of repeat expansion and contraction. Histidines implicated in copper ion binding and a proline involved in 4-hydroxylation are lacking in some species, which questions their importance for normal functioning of cellular PrP. The finding in certain species of two or seven repeats, and of amino acid substitutions that have been related to human prion diseases, challenges the relevance of such mutations for prion pathology. The gene tree deduced from the PrP sequences largely agrees with the species tree, indicating that no major deviations occurred in the evolution of the prion gene in different placental lineages. In one species, the anteater, a prion pseudogene was present in addition to the active gene.
Response to Comment on: Chang et al. A 25-Year Longitudinal Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2594–2596
Authors: Christopher K. Rayner, Jessica Chang, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We thank Dr. Dhatariya (1) for his interest in our recent article (2) and are pleased to have the opportunity to clarify the issues raised.

Our primary aim was to evaluate the stability of gastric emptying over time in individuals with diabetes, and we found a remarkably strong relationship between the measurements of solid emptying obtained at baseline and some 25 years later. In other words, in contrast to the substantial interindividual variation in the rate of emptying, there was minimal …
Dysphagia Caused by an Aneurysm of the Descending Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Blagio A. Conte
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

DESPITE their size and proximity to the esophagus aortic aneurysms rarely cause disabling dysphagia; those that do are usually located in the descending portion of the thoracic aorta. The infrequency of dysphagia as an accompaniment of large aortic aneurysms is a consequence of the mobility and pliability of the esophagus and the considerable degree of esophageal narrowing tolerated before symptoms occur.In the case reported below, the surgical creation of a hiatal hernia relieved dysphagia in an elderly female in whom resection of the aortic aneurysm was not feasible.Case ReportAn 86-year-old woman experienced progressive dysphagia for 1 year . . .
Radiological progression of osteoarthritis: an 11 year follow up study of the knee.
Authors: T D Spector, J E Dacre, P A Harris, E C Huskisson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A follow up study was carried out in 1990 on 169 well documented patients initially presenting with osteoarthritis of the hands or knees between 1975 and 1977. Radiographic change in the knee was used as the outcome measure. Sixty three subjects had paired knee radiographs a mean of 11 years apart and were 69 (range 52-87) years old at follow up. Thirty subjects were known to have died, 28 were untraceable, and 48 were traced but did not have paired films available. The films were read independently and blind to time sequence by two observers using five different radiological scoring methods. Most of the knees did not increase in Kellgren and Lawrence grade, with only 33% deteriorating over the time period. The results were similar when a subject was categorised by their worst knee. When a more sensitive global score on paired films was used 50% of knees showed a slight deterioration and 10% improved. Visual analogue pain scores remained unchanged. Those with knee pain at baseline had a greater chance of progressing, as did those with existing osteoarthritis in the contralateral knee. These results suggest that most patients with osteoarthritis attending rheumatology clinics do not deteriorate radiographically or symptomatically over an 11 year period. More work is needed in the selection and early detection of subjects with a poor prognosis and in focusing early intervention on this high risk group.
Infected "Scalp-Vein" Needles
Authors: John D. Lloyd-Still
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent report by Lowenbraun et al (<b>212</b>:451, 1970) indicates that use of indwelling intravenous scalp-vein needles in patients with neoplastic disease is associated with a previously undocumented risk of infectious complications. We recently reported (Society for Pediatric Research, 20th Annual Meeting, May 2, 1970) an incidence of 8.4% (12/142) of positive needle cultures from indwelling scalp-vein needles in general pediatric patients, which is distinctly lower than the incidence of 32.4% (24/74) reported by Lowenbraun et al in patients with neoplastic disease. Our report excluded patients with neoplastic disease who at our hospital are hospitalized on a ward separate from the two general medical wards on which this study was performed. However, a small study on patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in June 1969 corroborates the data of Lowenbraun et al. Seven of 17 (41.2%) cultures of scalp-vein needle tips from these patients were bacteriologically
Dissociation of Serum Bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Frederick Shuster
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Liver function tests were performed on 46 patients with infectious mononucleosis. Abnormal values were found in 38 (83%). Thirty (65%) had dissociation between serum bilirubin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity. Occasionally serum alkaline phosphatase activity rose to unusually high levels, even with normal bilirubin concentration. These findings may be helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
1163-110 Clinical and prognostic role of IgG3 autoantibodies in patients with heart failure: A substudy of the vasogen's immunmodalatory therapy
Authors: Rahat S Warraich, James B Young, Francois Sestier, Katy Becker, Susan McRee, Magdi H Yacoub, Guillermo Torre-Amione
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Knotted Umbilical Cord
Authors: R B Altman, J E Merino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Figure 1. An umbilical cord with a true knot was discovered immediately after delivery of a baby girl to a 33-year-old woman. The mother had had two previous pregnancies and had delivered at full term with no complications. This pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes, and labor was induced with intravenous oxytocin at 39 weeks. The knot was not noticed during either of two ultrasound examinations performed during gestation. The baby also presented with the umbilical cord wrapped around her neck. Congestion of the umbilical vessels can be seen within the knot and on the maternal (right) side. The child's . . .
Prevalence of Diagnosed Cancer According to Duration of Diagnosed Diabetes and Current Insulin Use Among U.S. Adults With Diagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Chaoyang Li, Guixiang Zhao, Catherine A. Okoro, Xiao-Jun Wen, Earl S. Ford, Lina S. Balluz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed cancer according to duration of diagnosed diabetes and current insulin use among U.S. adults with diagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from 25,964 adults aged ≥18 years with diagnosed diabetes who participated in the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that the greater the duration of diagnosed diabetes, the higher the prevalence of diagnosed cancers (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for linear trend). Among adults with diagnosed type 2 diabetes, the prevalence estimate for cancers of all sites was significantly higher among men (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.6 [95% CI 1.3–1.9]) and women (1.8 [1.5–2.1]) who reported being diagnosed with diabetes ≥15 years ago than among those reporting diabetes diagnosis &amp;lt;15 years ago. The prevalence estimate for cancers of all sites was ~1.3 times higher among type 2 diabetic adults who currently used insulin than among those who did not use insulin among both men (1.3 [1.1–1.6]) and women (1.3 [1.1–1.5]). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there is an increased burden of diagnosed cancer among adults with a longer duration of diagnosed diabetes and among type 2 diabetic adults who currently use insulin.
Nonpathogenic Fungi in Tonsillar Crypts
Authors: Joanna S. Bernard
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THIS STUDY AROSE because of the frequency of the appearance of so-called nonpathogenic fungi observed in routine tonsillectomy cases. In addition, there has been considerable interest in the relation of commonly occurring molds to allergic respiratory disease during the last 2 decades. Surveys have been made in this country as well as in Europe. The occurrence of species varies with the season. The most commonly implicated species in other studies have been Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Hormodendrum. In addition, recovery of nonpathogenic fungi from various body locations has been reported frequently. Fazakas studying conjunctional flora found 36.4% positive cultures in 2,210 patients with ocular disease and 25.5% positive cultures in 992 persons with normal eyes. Penicillium and Aspergillus species predominated. Haley, studying the ear canal in 305 patients, found 194 positive cultures. The same 2 organisms predominated. Schnoor isolated 33% positive cultures with Monilia predominating from normal stools in 314 patients.
Admission of failure
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

You have to queue for hours to be admitted then queue again for expensive but disappointing machines. Its fabled costumed characters walk the floors, and in the evening there are scary processions and fireworks, but you’ve no idea how to get out. Visiting hospital is even worse than visiting Euro Disney. So why are hospital admissions increasing at 6% a year? Is this even important?

It is fundamentally important—because hospitals consume the vast majority of NHS spending, and so any increase starves other areas of the NHS. Also, an increase of a few percentage …
Respiratory Dyskinesias: Extrapyramidal Dysfunction and Dyspnea
Authors: WILLIAM J. WEINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Four patients had acute dyspnea and chest pain due to primary neurologic disease, not to cardiac or pulmonary disorders. They suffered from severe, involuntary respiratory dyskinesias, which resulted in an irregular respiratory rate, shortness of breath, and chest discomfort. These respiratory dyskinesias occurred as one aspect of more generalized choreiform movement disorders. Three patients had neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesias, and one had levodopa-induced dyskinesias. As a result of their ages and the nature of their complaints, some of these patients were originally thought to have cardiac and pulmonary disorders. Respiratory dyskinesias should be considered as a possible cause of respiratory distress in patients with extrapyramidal dysfunction.
A Molecular Comparison of T Lymphocyte Populations Infiltrating the Liver and Circulating in the Blood of Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B: Evidence for Antigen–Driven Selection of A Public Complementarity–Determining Region 3 (Cdr3) Motif
Authors: Garwin K. Sing, Dili Li, Xiaohua Chen, Tom Macnaughton, Agnieszka M. Lichanska, Lesley Butterworth, Andrew Ladhams, Graham Cooksley
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Despite a large number of T cells infiltrating the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B, little is known about their complexity or specificity. To characterize the composition of these T cells involved with the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), we have studied the clonality of VβT cell receptor (TCR)–bearing populations in liver tissue by size spectratyping the complementarity–determining region (CDR3) lengths of TCR transcripts. We have also compared the CDR3 profiles of the lymphocytes infiltrating the liver with those circulating in the blood to see whether identical clonotypes may be detected that would indicate a virus–induced expansion in both compartments. Our studies show that in most of the patients examined, the T cell composition of liver infiltrating lymphocytes is highly restricted, with evidence of clonotypic expansions in 4 to 9 TCR Vβ subfamilies. In contrast, the blood compartment contains an average of 1 to 3 expansions. This pattern is seen irrespective of the patient's viral load or degree of liver pathology. Although the TCR repertoire profiles between the 2 compartments are generally distinct, there is evidence of some T cell subsets being equally distributed between the blood and the liver. Finally, we provide evidence for a putative public binding motif within the CDR3 region with the sequence G–X–S, which may be involved with hepatitis B virus recognition. (Hepatology 2001;33:1288–1298.)
Proteasome activation during cardiac hypertrophy by the chaperone H11 Kinase/Hsp22
Authors: N. Hedhli, L. Wang, Q. Wang, E. Rashed, Y. Tian, X. Sui, K. Madura, C. Depre
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

The regulation of protein degradation by the proteasome during cardiac hypertrophy remains largely unknown. Also, the proteasome translocates to the nuclear periphery in response to cellular stress in yeast, which remains unexplored in mammals. The purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative and qualitative adaptation of the proteasome during stable cardiac hypertrophy.We measured proteasome activity, expression and sub-cellular distribution in a model of chronic cardiac hypertrophy induced by the stress-response chaperone H11 Kinase/Hsp22 (Hsp22). Over-expression of Hsp22 in a transgenic (TG) mouse leads to a 30% increase in myocyte cross-sectional area compared to wild-type (WT) mice (P < 0.01). Characterization of the proteasome in hearts from TG mice vs. WT revealed an increased expression of both 19S and 20S subunits (P < 0.05), a doubling in 20S catalytic activity (P < 0.01), a redistribution of both subunits from the cytosol to the nuclear periphery, and a four-fold increase in nuclear-associated 20S catalytic activity (P < 0.001). The perinuclear proteasome co-localized and interacted with Hsp22. Inhibition of proteasome activity by epoxomicin reduced hypertrophy in TG by 50% (P < 0.05). Adeno-mediated over-expression of Hsp22 in isolated cardiac myocytes increased both cell growth and proteasome activity, and both were prevented upon inhibition of the proteasome. Similarly, stimulation of cardiac cell growth by pro-hypertrophic stimuli increased Hsp22 expression and proteasome activity, and proteasome inhibition in that setting prevented hypertrophy. Proteasome inhibitors also prevented the increase in rate of protein synthesis observed after over-expression of Hsp22 or upon addition of pro-hypertrophic stimuli.Hsp22-mediated cardiac hypertrophy promotes an increased expression and activity, and a subcellular redistribution of the proteasome. Inhibition of the proteasome reverses cardiac hypertrophy upon Hsp22 over-expression or upon stimulation by pro-hypertrophic hormones, and also blocks the stimulation of protein synthesis in these conditions.