tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Infarction Surveillance in a Metropolitan Community
Authors: Albert S. Most
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This project was designed to test the feasibility and practicability of continuous surveillance of cases of myocardial infarction in hospitalized patients in a large metropolitan community. Twenty-three hospitals regularly report myocardial infarction cases when the patient is discharged to the Seattle-King County Health Department. A 25% sample of the first year's cases indicated verifiable diagnoses in at least 85% of cases. Case reporting, checked against diagnostic indices in each hospital, was remarkably complete over a 12-month period spanning one half of each of two surveillance years. Approximately 1,500 cases were reported for each of two years; approximately 80% were first attacks. Incidence of hospitalization for myocardial infarction was 403 per 100,000 for men and 192 per 100,000 for women (age 30 and over). Case fatality rates remained under 20% for both men and women until 60 years of age, after which time they increased progressively.
Assisted Reproduction-In Vitro Fertilization Success Is Improved by Ovarian Stimulation with Exogenous Gonadotropins and Pituitary Suppression with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues*
Authors: Robert L. Barbieri, Mark D. Hornstein
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II. Ovarian Stimulation with Exogenous Gonadotropin Improves In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) Success III. Pituitary Suppression Improves IVF-ET Success: GnRH Agonist Analogues IV. Pituitary Suppression Improves IVF-ET Success: GnRH Antagonist Analogues
Adrian Raban-Williams
Authors: R. Raban-Williams
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Tunbridge Wells (b Nairobi 1928; q the London Hospital 1951), d 26 June 2003.

Adrian spent his national service in the navy and served in Japan at the end of the Korean war. He also worked in a leper colony. On returning to England he was a doctor in Guildford and then Guilsborough before Tunbridge Wells, where he and his family lived in a flat over the surgery. In 1966 a new surgery was built to Adrian's design. The practice now supports six doctors. On retirement Adrian fulfilled a lifelong pledge to return to Africa to work as a volunteer doctor for the Salvation Army. He leaves a wife, Sheelagh; four children; and 10 grandchildren.
TCT-290 Vascular tissue reaction to acute malapposition in human coronary arteries: sequential assessment with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Chico, Joanna Wykrzykowska, Karel Koch, Jacques Koolen, Carlo Di Mario, Stephan Windecker, Gerrit Anne Van Es, Peter Juni, Evelyn Regar, Patrick Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Tuberculosis of the Clavicle
Authors: Joseph S. Feibush
Journal: JAMA (1962)

ABOUT 25 years ago, Sirkin and Baumgartner reported a case of tuberculosis of the clavicle and included in their article an excellent review of the literature up to that time. Since then, I have been unable to discover any further reference to this subject, with the exception of an article appearing in an Argentine medical journal in 1938. Therefore, because of the extreme rarity of the problem and because of the excellent therapeutic result obtained with medical treatment, the following case report is presented to remind one of the constant diagnostic possibility of tuberculosis. Report of a Case A 20-year-old woman was seen on March 20, 1960, because of sudden development of a painless mass of 10 days duration in the right side of the chest wall. A fluctuant nontender mass about 2 in. in diameter was noted in the anterior chest wall on the right, 1 in. below the
What an endoscopist should know about immunoglobulin-G4-associated disease of the pancreas and biliary tree
Authors: L. Maillette de Buy Wenniger, E. Rauws, U. Beuers
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and IgG4-associated cholangitis (IAC) are the recently recognized pancreatobiliary manifestations of IgG4-associated systemic disease (ISD). Clinically, ISD of the pancreas and/or biliary tree may mimic pancreatic cancer, sclerosing cholangitis, or cholangiocarcinoma. Patients often present with abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, itch, and biochemical signs of pancreatitis and cholestasis. Tomography may reveal enlargement of the pancreas or may mimic malignant pancreatic lesions, and cholangiopancreatography may disclose irregularities of the pancreatic duct and stenoses of the distal and/or proximal common bile duct and intrahepatic bile ductules. Serum immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is elevated in most patients but, unlike tissue IgG4-loaded plasma cell infiltrates, is not diagnostic of the disease. The application of consensus diagnostic criteria for laboratory investigations, imaging, and histologic findings can identify patients who qualify for corticosteroid treatment. The excellent response to immunosuppressive therapy suggests an immune-mediated etiology of the disease, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are still under investigation. Relapse may occur after tapering down of corticosteroids, which supports the rationale of maintenance immunosuppression after remission has been induced.
Small GTP-Binding Protein Rac Is an Essential Mediator of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Endothelial Fenestrations and Vascular Permeability
Authors: Anna Eriksson, Renhai Cao, Joy Roy, Katerina Tritsaris, Claes Wahlestedt, Steen Dissing, Johan Thyberg, Yihai Cao
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) induces both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Although its angiogenic activity has been well characterized, the signaling pathways of VEGF-induced permeability remain poorly understood.Using the mouse corneal micropocket assay, Miles assay, and a combination of cytochemical, electron microscopic, and biochemical assays, we demonstrate that VEGF-induced vascular leakage partly can be separated from its angiogenic activity. VEGF but not FGF-2 induced capillaries with a highly fenestrated endothelium, a feature linked with increased vascular permeability. A cell-permeable Rac antagonist (TAT-RacN17) converted VEGF-induced, leaky vascular plexuses into well-defined vascular networks. In addition, this Rac mutant blocked formation of VEGF-induced endothelial fenestrations and vascular permeability but only partially inhibited angiogenesis. Studies on endothelial cell cultures further revealed that VEGF stimulated phosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), leading to activation of Rac as well as increased phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma), protein kinase B (Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and extracellular regulated kinase (Erk1/2). We further found that phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K) acted upstream of Rac and Akt-eNOS in VEGF/VEGFR-2 signaling.Our findings indicate that the small GTP-binding protein Rac is a key component in mediation of VEGF-induced vascular permeability but less so in neovascularization. This may have conceptual implications for applying Rac antagonists in treatment and prevention of VEGF-induced vascular leakage and edema in connection with ischemic disorders.
On abandoning ties and avoiding nose rings: Medical humour has implications for evidence based medicine...
Authors: J. Attia
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Every year the BMJ and Medical Journal of Australia use their Christmas edition to inject some medical humour into the normally serious scientific literature. In this spirit we put together a fictional study entitled “Evidence based physicians' dressing: a cross-over trial,”1 in which we documented the effect of “retro” dress (flared jeans, Hawaiian shirts, moussed …
The Relationship of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Type and Activity to Psychological Functioning and Quality of Life
Authors: Lesley A. Graff, John R. Walker, Lisa Lix, Ian Clara, Patricia Rawsthorne, Linda Rogala, Norine Miller, Laura Jakul, Cory McPhail, Jason Ediger, Charles N. Bernstein
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
Markers of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Oxidative Stress Associated With Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Guochuan Tsai, Donald C. Goff, Robert W. Chang, James Flood, Lee Baer, Joseph T. Coyle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

Objective: Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder affecting 20%–40% of patients treated chronically with neuroleptic drugs. The dopamine supersensitivity hypothesis cannot account for the time course of tardive dyskinesia or for the persistence of tardive dyskinesia and the associated structural changes after neuroleptics are discontinued. The authors hypothesized that neuroleptics enhance striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission by blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors, which causes neuronal damage as a consequence of oxidative stress.Method: CSF was obtained from 20 patients with schizophrenia, 11 of whom had tardive dyskinesia. Markers for oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase, lipid hydroperoxide, and protein carbonyl groups, and markers for excitatory neurotransmission, including N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, aspartate, and glutamate, were measured in the CSF specimens. Patients were also rated for tardive dyskinesia symptoms with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.Results: Tardive dyskinesia patients had significantly higher concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, N-acetyl­aspartylglutamate, and aspartate in their CSF than patients without tardive dyskinesia when age and neuroleptic dose were controlled for. The significance of the higher levels of protein-oxidized products associated with tardive dyskinesia did not pass Bonferroni correction, however. Tardive dyskinesia symptoms correlated positively with markers of excitatory neurotransmission and protein carbonyl group and negatively with CSF superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusions: These findings suggest that there are elevated levels of oxidative stress and glutamatergic neurotransmission in tardive dyskinesia, both of which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1207-1213
Principles of Clinical Practice: An Introductory Textbook
Authors: Frank D. Gray
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A question frequently put to physicians is, "What is it like to be a doctor?" Their answers are likely to be tinged with bitterness about what they conceive to be general interference in their medical practice. Physicians can manage without the approval of the outside world, but, if doctors and their patients do not have mutual respect and regard for patient autonomy, they are not likely to achieve their joint objective, better health for the patient. The aura of the "healing hand" seems to be in trouble in today's medical care structure. This trouble is the major but not the only medical problem addressed in<i>Principles of Clinical Practice.</i> The author states in his preface that this "is an introductory textbook focusing on the doctor-patient relationship," and virtually every aspect of the relationship is explored. The reader will, however, be introduced to far more than is usually encountered in other
Hemodynamic and prognostic findings in patients with transmural and nontransmural infarction.
Authors: P Rigo, M Murray, D R Taylor, M L Weisfeldt, H W Strauss, B Pitt
Journal: Circulation (1975)

One hundred and eleven patients with transmural (TMI) and 49 with nontransmural myocardial infarction (NTMI) underwent hemodynamic investigation within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Patients with NTMI were subdivided into those with ST-segment or T-wave changes alone with a normal QRS complex (NTMI-A) and a group with QRS abnormalities that did not satisfy the criteria for TMI (NTMI-B). Those with TMI had a significantly higher peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK) than those with NTMI: 840 plus or minus 99 and 336 plus or minus 69, respectively, P smaller than 0.05. There was not difference in peak CPK between those with NTMI-A and B. The incidence of arrhythmias and cardiac failure, and routine hemodynamic findings except for left ventricular filling pressure were similar in those with TMI and NTMI. There was not significant difference in in-hospital mortality between those with TMI (22%) and NTMI (33%). There was however a significant difference in in-hospital mortality between those with NTMI-A (0%) and NTMI-B (27%, P smaller than 0.05). The late mortality in those surviving their initial hospitalization was also not different between those with TMI (18%) and NTMI (19%) during a mean follow-up period of 20.2 months. In contrast to the in-hospital mortality those with NTMI-A had a late mortality similar to those with NTMI-B and those with TMI.
Oral Bronchodilators Containing Tartrazine
Authors: William A. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As supplementary material to Drs Buswell and Lefkowitz's commentary on "Oral Bronchodilators containing Tartrazine" (235:1111, 1976), readers may find Cohon's article, "Tartrazine Revisited" (<i>Drug Intelligence Clin Pharmacol</i>9:198, 1975) of use when dealing with tartrazine-sensitive patients. Following a brief review of tartrazine hypersensitivity, Cohon presents a compilation of over 700 tartrazine-containing drugs and drug products from major US pharmaceutical manufacturers. Although formulation changes have undoubtedly occurred since the list's publication, it still remains one of the most comprehensive and attainable lists available. However, as mentioned inThe Journal, what's really needed is a full disclosure of such coloring additives on the product labels.
THORACOTOMY CONFERS BETTER ACUTE PROCEDURAL OUTCOME THAN STERNOTOMY FOR TRANSAORTIC TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Kazuaki Okuyama, Hasan Jilaihawi, Mohammad Kashif, Heera Pokhrel, Jigar Patel, Mamoo Nakamura, Danny Ramzy, Wen Cheng, Raj Makkar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Global Fund suspends new projects until 2014 because of lack of funding
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has for the first time in its 10 year history cancelled the pending funding round and suspended new grants because of a lack of funding from donors. 

The fund is the world’s largest international funder of programmes to treat tuberculosis and malaria and the second largest for HIV and AIDS, after the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. 

At the fund’s 25th board meeting in Accra, Ghana, on 20 November, the board voted to cancel all plans for new grant making. Projects that are currently supported by the fund have guaranteed funding for their full lifetimes, but there will be no money for new initiatives until 2014. 

The fund’s director of external relations, Christoph Benn, told the BMJ that it had already dispersed some $8.5bn (£5.5bn; €6.4bn) and had approved an additional $1.5bn for 2011-13. However, the recent “critical global economic situation” meant that the board anticipated that it might not be …
AN ADDITIONAL CASE OF DOUBLE CONGENITAL MICROPHTHALMOS.
Authors: CASSIUS D. WESCOTT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

other malformation or deformity-, either about the eye or any other pert of the body.The child was well formed but mentally dull for her years.The mother, aged 39 years, then informed me that she herself had poor sight and was unable to get glasses that would benefit her.Examination showed an ectopia lentis (Fig. 1).The right lens was dis- placed upward and outward, the left upward and inward to about the same degree.Both lenses were clear, as was also the pupillary space, so that the details of the fundus could be distinctly seen and no other deformities about the eye were observed.R.V. =12/200, L.V-5/200.Mrs. H. is a widow, born in Ireland, and has always been in good health.Her father and mother are living in Ireland and are healthy.She recalled that her mother had some defect of eyesight; she was very near-sighted and could not see small objects distinctly.It is quite possible that she also has the same deformity.She gives no history of syphilis and has had no injury of any kind.She has four children living, three boys and one girl-our case-and four dead.The living children are Maggie 10, John 7, Joe 5 and Tom 3 years of age.One boy older than Maggie died at 16 months, one child died at 3 weeks, one child between Joe and Tom lived 3 months and a baby younger than Tom died at 6 weeks.I told the mother to bring all her children for ex- amination.I found the eyes of John, aged 7, and Tom, aged 3, normal, and as near as could be determined with such young children, with normal visual acuity.Joe, aged 5, however, showed the mark of heredity (Fig. 3).Both lenses were symmetrically displaced directly inward, although not to the extent seen in Maggie's eyes.The pupils were easily dilated with mydriatic, and as in the other cases, the lenses were clear and the interior of the eye, as far as it could be seen, was normal in appearance.Vision could not be accurately tested, but seemed to be R. = 5/200, L.= 8/200, with no marked improvement with glasses.
Regulatory IL4+CD8+ T cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy controls
Authors: L Zhang, L B Jarvis, H-J Baek, J S H. Gaston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Interleukin (IL)4+CD8+ regulatory T cells (Treg) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by coculture with autologous dendritic cells (DC) have been previously described. In the present work, the proportions of IL4+CD8+ T cells in PB from patients with AS and controls are examined; in addition the conditions required for the generation of IL4+CD8+ Treg cells and their frequency in T cell lines from patients with AS and controls are investigated.CD8+ T cells were either stimulated non-specifically ex vivo and intracellular cytokines examined, or cocultured with DC and other stimuli, for 2 weeks. The resulting lines were analysed for cytokine expression. Clones derived from these lines were tested for regulatory function.PBMCs from patients with AS and from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27+ healthy controls contained a higher frequency of IL4+CD8+ T cells than those from HLA-B27- controls. Likewise, CD8+ T cell lines obtained by coculture with DC contained a higher ratio of IL4+ to interferon (IFN)gamma+ cells when obtained from patients with AS or HLA-B27+ controls. T cell clones obtained from these lines showed regulatory activity. Outgrowth of IL4+ CD8+ T cells required contact with DC, but not maturation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); allogeneic DC were also effective. Coculture with lymphoblastoid cells, or anti-CD3/CD28 microbeads, produced only expansion of IFN gamma-producing CD8+ T cells.The higher proportion of CD8+ cells which can produce IL4 in PB and in expanded CD8+ T cell lines suggests an altered pattern of CD8+ T cell differentiation in AS and in HLA-B27+ healthy individuals. This predisposition to generate IL4+CD8+ T cells may play a role in pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis.
Role of endothelium-derived prostaglandins in hypoxia-elicited arteriolar dilation in rat skeletal muscle.
Authors: E J Messina, D Sun, A Koller, M S Wolin, G Kaley
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The aims of the present study were to determine the response of rat cremaster muscle first-order arterioles to hypoxia and the role of endothelium-derived prostaglandins in the response. Isolated arterioles were cannulated, pressurized to 65 mm Hg, and studied in a no-flow condition in a bath containing Krebs' bicarbonate solution, pH 7.4, equilibrated with 21% O2-5% CO2-74% N2 (PO2, 150 mm Hg) or 95% N2-5% CO2 (PO2, 15 mm Hg [hypoxia]). Responses to hypoxia and vasoactive substances were studied before and after removal of the endothelium or blockade of prostaglandin synthesis by the administration of indomethacin (10(-5) M). Addition to the suffusion solution of arachidonic acid (10(-7) and 10(-6) M), prostaglandin E2 (10(-9) and 10(-8) M), acetylcholine (10(-8) and 10(-6) M), or sodium nitroprusside (10(-8) M) evoked significant arteriolar dilation. When the bath PO2 was reduced from 150 to 15 mm Hg, arteriolar diameters increased by 58.8 +/- 9.3 microns (61%). Removal of the endothelium completely inhibited responses to hypoxia, acetylcholine, and arachidonic acid, whereas responses to sodium nitroprusside and prostaglandin E2 remained unaltered. In arterioles with an intact endothelium, indomethacin completely inhibited the responses to hypoxia and arachidonic acid, whereas responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were unaltered. These findings support the conclusion that endothelium-derived prostaglandins mediate the arteriolar dilation to hypoxia in rat skeletal muscle arterioles.
Highly polarized HLA class II antigen processing and presentation by human intestinal epithelial cells.
Authors: R M Hershberg, D H Cho, A Youakim, M B Bradley, J S Lee, P E Framson, G T Nepom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The high concentration of foreign antigen in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is separated from the underlying lymphocytes by a single cell layer of polarized epithelium. Intestinal epithelial cells can express HLA class II antigens and may function as antigen-presenting cells to CD4(+) T cells within the intestinal mucosa. Using tetanus toxoid specific and HLA-DR-restricted T lymphocytes, we show that polarized intestinal epithelial cells directed to express HLA-DR molecules are able to initiate class II processing only after internalization of antigen from their apical surface. Coexpression of the class II transactivator CIITA in these cells, which stimulates highly efficient class II processing without the characteristic decline in barrier function seen in polarized monolayers treated with the proinflammatory cytokine gamma-IFN, facilitates antigen processing from the basolateral surface. In both cases, peptide presentation to T cells via class II molecules was restricted to the basolateral surface. These data indicate a highly polarized functional architecture for antigen processing and presentation by intestinal epithelial cells, and suggest that the functional outcome of antigen processing by the intestinal epithelium is both dependent on the cellular surface at which the foreign antigen is internalized and by the underlying degree of mucosal inflammation.
Biological Differences in rAAV Transduction of Airway Epithelia in Humans and in Old World Non-human Primates
Authors: Xiaoming Liu, Meihui Luo, Cyndi Trygg, Ziying Yan, Diana CM Lei-Butters, Carolina I Smith, Anne C Fischer, Keith Munson, William B Guggino, Bruce A Bunnell, John F Engelhardt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Non-human primates (NHPs) are considered to be among the most relevant animal models for pre-clinical testing of human therapies, on the basis of their close evolutionary relatedness to humans in terms of organ cell biology and physiology. In this study, we sought to investigate whether NHP models accurately reflect the effectiveness of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated gene delivery to the airway in humans. In order to do this, we utilized an identical model system of differentiated airway epithelia from Indian Rhesus monkeys and from humans, cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). In addition to assessing the biology of rAAV-mediated transduction for three serotypes, we characterized the bioelectric properties as a reference for biological similarities and differences between the cell cultures from the two species. Our results demonstrate that airway epithelia from NHPs and humans have very similar Na(+) and Cl(-) transport properties. In contrast, rAAV transduction of airway epithelia of NHPs demonstrated significant differences to those in humans with regard to the efficiency of apical and/or basal transduction with three rAAV serotypes (AAV1, AAV2, AAV5). These findings suggest that the IndianRhesusmonkey may not be the best model for preclinical testing of rAAV-mediated gene therapy to the airway in humans.