tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Selection at Multiple Allozyme Loci Across a Mussel Hybrid Zone
Authors: Cynthia Riginos, Kumar Sukhdeo, Clifford W. Cunningham
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The frequency and strength with which selection shapes patterns of genetic variation is unknown. Whereas all loci should be roughly equally affected by demography and population history, selected loci may exhibit increased or decreased genetic differentiation relative to neutral loci (Cavalli-Sforza 1966). Thus, one way to test for selection on a specific category of loci is to compare geographic differentiation of this particular category relative to a category presumed to be neutrally evolving (McDonald 1994; McDonald, Verrelli, and Geyer 1996). A number of recent studies have followed this approach, in particular comparing patterns of genetic differentiation at allozyme to nonallozyme loci. Where discordances between allozymes and other nuclear markers have been reported, less genetic partitioning has been observed for allozymes, consistent with balancing selection reducing differences among geographical populations (e.g., Karl and Avise 1992; Pogson, Mesa, and Boutilier 1995; Latta and Mitton 1997). Here, we report the reverse situation; geographic partitioning is greater at allozymes relative to nonallozyme loci across a mussel hybrid zone. Northern Hemisphere populations of the mussels Mytilus trossulus and Mytilus edulis are distinguished by nearly fixed allozyme allele frequency differences and some morphometric differences (McDonald, Seed, and Koehn 1991). Mytilus edulis is found throughout the northern Atlantic, whereas M. trossulus is found in three disjunct regions: the Pacific, Atlantic North America, and the Baltic Sea. A northern European hybrid zone between the Atlantic M. edulis and the Baltic Sea M. trossulus has been well described, based on allozyme surveys. A relatively sharp transition in mussel allozyme allele frequencies (over 100 km) occurs at the mouth of the Baltic with edulis-like alleles predominating in the Atlantic populations and trossulus-like alleles predominating in the Baltic. This pattern is particularly distinct for Aap, Est-D, Gpi, Lap, Mpi, and Pgm (Theison 1978; Bulnheim and Gosling 1988; Varvio, Koehn, and Vainola 1988; Vainola and Hvilsom 1991), and these loci, with the exception of Lap, are diagnostic between M. edulis and M. trossulus throughout the Northern Hemisphere (Varvio, Koehn, and Vainola 1988; McDonald, Seed, and Koehn 1991). Rapid clinal transitions in allele frequencies, in combination with significant linkage disequilibria (particularly involving Gpi, Lap, and Pgm), have supported the idea that this hybrid zone represents
Bicentennial of Litchfield County Medical Association
Authors: Daniel Sheldon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Litchfield County was the last settled region in Connecticut, in the turbulent northwestern part of the state, adjacent to the Massachusetts wilderness and the chartless areas of the Hudson River valley. It appears, nevertheless, to have been the locale for the establishment of the first continuing county medical association in New England, if not in the new world. The reason for this venture is attributable, presumably, to the restless pioneering spirit of the inhabitants of the district in 1766, the same year in which the New Jersey State Medical Society was founded and a year after the founding of the . . .
EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
Authors: Michelle Kinsey, Richard Smith, Anita K. Iyer, Edward R.B. McCabe, Stephen L. Lessnick
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Most Ewing's sarcomas harbor chromosomal translocations that encode fusions between EWS and ETS family members. The most common fusion, EWS/FLI, consists of an EWSR1-derived strong transcriptional activation domain fused, in-frame, to the DNA-binding domain-containing portion of FLI1. EWS/FLI functions as an aberrant transcription factor to regulate genes that mediate the oncogenic phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma. One of these regulated genes, NR0B1, encodes a corepressor protein, and likely plays a transcriptional role in tumorigenesis. However, the genes that NR0B1 regulates and the transcription factors it interacts with in Ewing's sarcoma are largely unknown. We used transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify genes that are regulated by NR0B1, and compared these data to similar data for EWS/FLI. Although the transcriptional profile overlapped as expected, we also found that the genome-wide localization of NR0B1 and EWS/FLI overlapped as well, suggesting that they regulate some genes coordinately. Further analysis revealed that NR0B1 and EWS/FLI physically interact. This protein-protein interaction is likely to be relevant for the development of Ewing's sarcoma because mutations in NR0B1 that disrupt the interaction have transcriptional consequences and also abrogate oncogenic transformation. Taken together, these data suggest that EWS/FLI and NR0B1 physically interact, coordinately modulate gene expression, and mediate the transformed phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma.
Therapy After Terror: 9/11, Psychotherapists, and Mental Health
Authors: Rosalind D. Cartwright
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgery for congenital heart conditions in Oxford
Authors: Bruce Keogh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

use from the late 1990s-for which no satisfactory three or 10 year data exist.Patients with such implants should not receive an abrupt and unexpected communication from their surgeon that they now form part of research into an untested implant.A review of the current guidelines this year may tackle some of these problems.In the current period of evolution and uncertainty, the measures we describe here may help departments to meet the demands and requirements of central agencies and the law.
EVALUATION OF AORTIC ROOT ANATOMY IN PATIENTS WITH AORITC STENOSIS USING 3-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Takeji Saito, Jun Tanaka, Azusa Furugen, Kenji Harada, Swaminatha Gurudevan, Kirsten Tolstrup, Robert Siegel, Takahiro Shiota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
False-Positive Reactions Among Narcotic Addicts-Reply
Authors: Ruth A. Boak
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To the Editor:—  In answering Dr. Colbert's letter, perhaps one might use ... suggestive evidence instead of ... direct evidence in the paragraph to which Dr. Colbert refers.  Below is a table showing some of the Treponema pallidum immobilization test results which we obtained on sera from patients who have positive STS but no history of syphilis. These data give a good comparison of the frequency of BFP reactions found among narcotic addicts, pregnant women, and others.    The histories on the narcotic addicts were carefully reviewed, and there were no cases of hepatitis, malaria, or other infection in which BFP reactions are frequently encountered. However, there were 4 pregnant women among the narcotic addicts.
929 GENE TRANSFER OF THE HIGH MOBILITY GROUP BOX 1 INHIBITOR IN RAT ACUTE LIVER FAILURE MODEL
Authors: M. Shinoda, M. Tanabe, A. Takayanagi, R. Nishiyama, G. Oshima, N. Sanuki, T. Nagarekawa, K. Takano, T. Miyasho, S. Yamada, K. Fukunaga, K. Suda, H. Takeuchi, S. Kawachi, I. Maruyama, Y. Kitagawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
CP-31398 restores mutant p53 tumor suppressor function and inhibits UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Xiuwei Tang, Yucui Zhu, Lydia Han, Arianna L. Kim, Levy Kopelovich, David R. Bickers, Mohammad Athar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are detectable in over 50% of all human malignancies. Mutant p53 protein is incapable of transactivating its downstream target genes that are required for DNA repair and apoptosis. Chronic exposure to UVB induces p53 mutations and is carcinogenic in both murine and human skin. CP-31398, a styrylquinazoline compound, restores the tumor suppressor functions of mutant forms of p53 in tumor cells. However, its effectiveness in vivo remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CP-31398 blocked UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis and was associated with increases in p53, p21, and BclXs. CP-31398 downregulated Bcl2, proliferating nuclear cell antigen, and cyclin D1. Activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase also occurred in both tumor and perilesional skin following treatment. CP-31398 induced the expression of p53-dependent target proteins, and this was followed by apoptosis in UVB-irradiated wild-type mice but not in their p53-deficient littermates. Similar effects were observed in human skin carcinoma A431 cells expressing mutant p53. In addition, CP-31398 induced mitochondrial translocation of p53, leading to changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability pore transition (MPT) and consequent cytochrome c release in these cells. Blocking MPT diminished p53 translocation and apoptosis. These studies indicate that reconstituting p53 tumor suppressor functions in vivo by small molecular weight compounds may block the pathogenesis and progression of skin cancer.
Fetus papyraceus is being registered increasingly in Wessex
Authors: M. J Gompels, D. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Pharoah emphasises the importance of registering a fetus papyraceus for the parenting of the livebirth co-conceptus, counselling for future pregnancies, and research purposes.1 At a time when interhospital league tables of mortality are becoming commonplace, however, it is also important to ensure comparability of stillbirth statistics that take fetus papyraceus into account.

The Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy (CESDI) provides the means to monitor in detail all deaths from 20 weeks of pregnancy …
Abstract 180: Potential utility of Reprimo methylation as a sensitizer to anticancer treatment in gastric cancer
Authors: Ooki Akira, Keishi Yamashita, Masahiko Watanabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Reprimo is a highly glycosylated protein, inducing cell cycle G2 arrest. Reprimo promoter methylation has been reported as the mechanism regulating its expression in gastric cancer, but the biological roles remain unclear. The aim of this study is to examine Reprimo from a functional point of view. Methods: The methylation status of Reprimo promoter was analyzed using quantitative-methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (Q-MSP), and the effects of expression were examined in gastric cancer cell lines (AZ521 and SH10) with no endogenous expression of Reprimo using stable transfection and phenotype analysis (WST assay and apoptosis assay). Results: Reprimo methylation was detected in 6 of 8 gastric cancer cell lines; the silenced or reduced expression could be restored by treatment with demethylating agents such as 5-aza-2’-deoxycitidine and/or trichostatin A. On Q-MSP, the optimal cutoff value (0.42) determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve could significantly discriminate primary tumor (69%, 57/83) from the corresponding normal tissues (18%, 15/83, P&amp;lt;0.0001). AZ521 cells with enforced expression significantly enhanced sensitivity to 5-FU therapy, and augmented apoptosis without affecting cell cycle. On the other hand, SH10 cells without methylation exhibited the undetectable level of endogenous expression, and Reprimo expression was robustly induced under 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), one of the standard anticancer agents for gastric cancer. As a result, SH10 cells stably transfected with Reprimo exhibited similar level apoptosis with mock cells. Conclusion: Reprimo expression is inducible under 5-FU agent, that may lead to apoptosis in gastric cancer. However, its expression is frequently suppressed by promoter methylation. Thus, Reprimo methylation status is considered to have a great potential as a predictive biomarker to select patients who may be effective for 5-FU therapy in gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 180.
IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF GAMMA GLOBULIN IN LIVER IN HEPATITIS AND POSTNECROTIC CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Seymour Cohen, Goroku Ohta, Edward J. Singer, Hans Popper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Gamma globulin was demonstrated by immunocytochemical fluorescence technique in many reticuloendothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids and of the fibrous tracts in various forms of hepatitis and in postnecrotic cirrhosis. In other liver diseases and in normal livers, even in the presence of hypergammaglobulinemia, few if any gamma globulin-containing cells were found. In contrast, spleen and lymph nodes showed no difference between postnecrotic cirrhosis or hepatitis and other types of cirrhosis or non-hepatic hypergammaglobulinemias. The gamma globulin-containing cells in the liver are on cytologic grounds considered reticuloendothelial cells showing transition to plasma cells and exhibiting little or no phagocytosis of tissue breakdown products. These cells are assumed to form rather than engulf gamma globulin. The possibility that the gamma globulin formed represents antibody to liver cell breakdown products is discussed.
Physicochemical and metabolic properties of modified metallothioneins.
Authors: D M Templeton, M G Cherian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Attempts to crosslink metallothionein through lysine residues have resulted in trapping of octameric structures. Two such polymers have been characterized. They are of a critical size for glomerular filtration, and unique tissue distributions of cadmium arise when they are injected into rats.
Dietary magnesium deficiency increases Gi levels in the rat heart after myocardial infarction
Authors: B. Shi, J. E. Heavner, L.M. Boylan, M. J. Wang, J. E. Spallholz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Magnesium (Mg) is crucial for the function of G proteins which play important roles in mediating the inotropic effects of beta adrenergic agonists in the heart and are altered in heart failure. This study was performed to determine whether or not dietary Mg deficiency alters functional activity and levels of the two major ventricular G proteins, Gi alpha and Gs alpha in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI).Six week old rats were fed an Mg adequate or deficient diet for 6 weeks. At the end of week 3, MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. A sham operation was performed as control. After surgery, surviving animals were maintained on their assigned diets for another 3 weeks. Then, cardiac function was measured, plasma and tissue were collected.Severe hypomagnesemia and increased plasma catecholamine level were observed in all animals fed the Mg deficient diet. A significant reduction of myocardial Mg concentration accompanied by elevated plasma and myocardial calcium concentrations was observed in MI animals with existing Mg deficiency vs. animals fed the Mg adequate diet. Cardiac function was impaired in MI rats and further reduced in MI rats with existing Mg deficiency. Gi alpha level was not altered by either Mg deficiency or MI alone, but was dramatically elevated in animals with combined Mg deficiency and MI (9.9 +/- 0.7 arbitrary unit.mg-1 protein) as compared to MI alone (5.8 +/- 0.6, P < 0.05) and Mg deficiency alone (6.1 +/- 0.8, P < 0.05). Gs alpha level did not differ between groups. GppNHp-, but not fluoride-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity was slightly reduced in MI animals with existing Mg deficiency.The findings suggest that dietary Mg deficiency increases the expression of Gi alpha in the heart after MI, while levels and function of Gs alpha are not compromised during dietary Mg deficiency either with or without MI.
Role of Mineralocorticoids in the Natriuresis of Water Immersion in Man
Authors: MURRAY EPSTEIN, JAMES L. KATSIKAS, DAVID C. DUNCAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

The role of aldosterone suppression in mediating the natriuresis of water immersion was assessed in six normal male subjects. All subjects were studied on four occasions while they were in balance on a diet containing 150 mEq of sodium and 100 mEq of potassium daily: during a control period, following deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) treatment for 24 hours (Cont + DOCA), during water immersion to the neck (immersion), and during water immersion following DOCA treatment (Imm + DOCA). Immersion resulted in highly significant increases in the rates of sodium and potassium excretion compared with control beginning in the first hour. Although treatment with DOCA decreased the natriuresis of immersion ( P &lt; 0.01), the rate of sodium excretion was still three- to fourfold greater during Imm + DOCA than it was during the comparable Cont + DOCA periods ( P &lt; 0.01). Cessation of water immersion resulted in a marked decrease in urine flow and free water clearance occurring within the initial 30 minutes of recovery ( P &lt; 0.005). Although the rate of sodium excretion also decreased following cessation of immersion, it continued to exceed both preimmersion values ( P &lt; 0.01) and the comparable control values throughout the recovery hour ( P &lt; 0.01). These observations suggest that the natriuresis of immersion cannot be completely accounted for by immersion-induced suppression of aldosterone. The continuing natriuresis occurring despite the progressive volume contraction induced by immersion suggests that the natriuretic stimulus is sufficiently potent to override the compensatory mechanisms which are known to participate in defense of volume homeostasis. Furthermore, the delay in the disappearance of the natriuresis suggests that a humoral factor rather than more rapidly acting hemodynamic and neural mechanisms may mediate the natriuresis.
The Patient-Centered Medical Home Is Not a Pill
Authors: Kevin Grumbach
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
THE RECOGNITION OF LATENT JAUNDICE DURING TREATMENT WITH ARSENOBENZOL COMPOUNDS
Authors: W. I. Gerrard
Journal: BMJ (1924)

THF. occurrence of jaundice as a complication salvarsan treatment of syphilis is now well known anid varieties have been closely studied.So far, lhowever, prime factor concerned in its causationI has been comupletely elucidated.In the medical literature country few references are available as to incidence of salvarsan jaundice at the present time,, this complication is the most serious and frequent with so far as the Royal Naval Medical Service is concer-ned.It seems unnecessary here to discuss in an-y work that has been done on jaundice followiing salvarsan treatment, since the whlole matter is clearly discussed in the recent report of the Salvarsan the Medical Research Council.9In that eport tlhree classes are recognized: (a) Early Jaundice.-Thisoccurs a few days injection.It is usually of a mild evainesent but may at timesbe more severeand persistent.(b) Late Jaundice.-Thiscomes bo several weeks the end of a course of treatment, and is -more prolonged than the " early " type.(c) Acute Yellow Atrophy of the Liver.-Thiscomplication may occur at any time during the late jaundice.At the Royal Naval Hospital, Haslar, 42 d-efinite jaundice following treatment by arsenic been investigated in the period from May, 1C22, 1923.During that time the total number treated was 900.Of the 42 cases 30 could severe, and two deaths occurred; in both histological changes in the liver were similar to those described Turnbulli2 as characteristic of death from post-.jaundice.The remaining 12 cases were of On the advice of Dr. J. W. McNee the van reaction has been used in all cases of syphilis salvarsan treatment as a routinie method of variations in the bilirubin content of the course of treatment, in an attempt to throw pathology of post-salvarsan jauindice.The cases are classified as follows:A. Primary syphilis (showing a primary B. Late syplhilis (cases without any active of these had already received one or more treatment with arsenobenzolcom pound.C. A few cases of chancroid, in which finally excluded.