tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<b> <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> </b> Infection Accelerates the Progression of Atherosclerosis in a Heterozygous Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Murine Model
Authors: Li Li, Emmanuel Messas, Eraldo L. Batista, Robert A. Levine, Salomon Amar
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Current epidemiological data suggest that dental infections affecting tooth-supporting tissues (periodontitis) can disseminate into the systemic circulation and thereby contribute to atherosclerosis progression. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of repeated systemic inoculations with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a putative periodontal pathogen, on the progression of atherosclerosis in heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(+/-)) mice.Ten-week-old, male ApoE(+/-) mice fed either a high-fat diet or regular chow were inoculated intravenously with live Pg (10(7) CFU) or vehicle once per week for 10, 14, or 24 consecutive weeks. Histomorphometry of plaque cross-sectional area in the proximal aortas, en face measurement of plaque area over the aortic trees, Pg 16S ribosomal DNA amplification with polymerase chain reaction, ELISA for systemic proinflammatory mediators, and immunolocalization of macrophages in the proximal aorta were performed. Atherosclerotic lesions of the proximal aortas and aortic trees were more advanced in Pg-challenged animals than in vehicle control animals and occurred earlier (at 10 weeks) when no lesions were apparent in control animals. At 24 weeks after inoculation, proximal aortic lesion size quantified by histomorphometry was 9-fold greater in chow-fed mice inoculated with Pg than in noninoculated mice (P<0.001) and was 2-fold greater in Pg-inoculated versus noninoculated high-fat diet-fed mice (P<0.001); all atherosclerotic lesions were macrophage-rich. Pg ribosomal DNA was found in the aortas, livers, and hearts 24 weeks after inoculation.These results provide evidence that long-term systemic challenge with Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral pathogen, can accelerate atherogenic plaque progression.
THE EFFECT OF RENIN ON EXPERIMENTAL RENAL HYPERTENSION IN THE DOG
Authors: GEORGE E. WAKERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Of the numerous methods reportedly available for producing hypertension in animals<sup>1</sup>(table 1), the most satisfactory is that of constriction of the renal arteries reported by Goldblatt<sup>2</sup>in his now classic experiment. During the past several years, moreover, there has accumulated growing evidence of similarity between experimental renal (Goldblatt) hypertension in the dog and essential hypertension as found in the great majority of patients so diagnosed<sup>3</sup>(table 2). Although a therapeutic agent which is effective in experimental renal hypertension may prove ineffective in essential hypertension, and vice versa, any new therapy proposed for essential hypertension should first receive an adequate trial in experimental renal hypertension. As a consequence, a number of attempts have been made to reduce the blood pressures of renal hypertensive dogs. Only a few of these efforts have met with some degree of success. Thus Davis and Barker<sup>4</sup>reported that potassium thiocyanate reduced
Treating ACL injuries in young moderately active adults
Authors: B. A. Levy, A. J. Krych, D. L. Dahm, M. J. Stuart
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Individual patient factors should guide the decision on whether to surgically reconstruct



Many who delay surgery end up having reconstruction anyway

PAUL RAPSON/ SPL

Currently, the clinical indication for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction takes into account both patient related and knee related factors. In an effort to better identify these factors, Frobell and colleagues performed a randomized clinical trial comparing two treatment strategies for young moderately active patients with a torn ACL. Patients were randomized to “acute” ACL reconstruction (within 10 weeks) or “optional delayed” ACL reconstruction (rehabilitation with the option for delayed surgery).1 In 2010, the authors published two year outcomes that reported no difference between the two treatment arms in the primary outcome (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score; KOOS) or secondary outcomes of SF-36 and Tegner activity scale (TAS). However, supplementary data provided in an appendix reported 29 subsequent meniscus tears in the “optional delayed” group, and by two years almost 40% of the patients in this group had already crossed over to ACL reconstruction surgery.

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.f232), Frobell and colleagues report the five year outcomes for the trial.2 Similar to …
Discordance between transferrin receptor expression and susceptibility to lysis by natural killer cells.
Authors: K R Bridges, B R Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Expression of the transferrin receptor on target cell lines has recently been implicated as a determinant of susceptibility to cytolysis by natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. We have examined this proposed relationship in several ways. First, K562 (a cell line highly vulnerable to NK lysis) cells were grown for 24 h in the iron chelator desferrioxamine. Under these conditions, the cells doubled their surface transferrin receptor expression as determined both by radioligand binding and surface binding of the OK-T9 monoclonal anti-transferrin receptor antibody. In contrast, cells grown for the same period of time in hemin halved their receptor expression. This fourfold change in transferrin receptor expression between the desferrioxamine-treated and hemin-treated cells produced no change in susceptibility to NK cytolysis. Second, HeLa (a cell line which in its native state is very resistant to NK cytolysis) cells were compared with K562 cells with respect to surface transferrin receptor expression. The difference in NK susceptibility of the two cell lines was not reflected in differences in transferrin receptor expression: the K562 cells expressed approximately 1.5 X 10(5) receptors per cell while HeLa cells expressed 2.0 X 10(5) receptors/cell. Third, infection of HeLa cells by measles virus greatly increased their susceptibility to NK lysis but produced no change in surface transferrin receptor expression. Furthermore, when measles-infected HeLa cells were grown for 6 d in medium supplemented with iron-saturated human transferrin they underwent a 50% reduction in receptor expression but no change in NK susceptibility. Finally, possible alterations in the surface expression of NK target antigens on modified cells were further assayed by their ability to serve as cold-target inhibitors of cytolysis of NK-sensitive target cells. We examined two groups of cells in which transferrin receptor expression was reduced. These were the transferrin-treated, measles-infected HeLa cells with the 50% receptor reduction, and K562 cells grown in medium containing hemin and iron salts where the reduction was five- to sixfold relative to control. In neither case was there a change in the apparent expression of NK target antigen(s). We conclude that there is a discordance between transferrin receptor expression and susceptibility to NK cytolysis in the model systems examined. Therefore, it is unlikely that the transferrin receptor per se is the target recognition structure for human NK cells, although a role in concert with other, as yet undefined molecules, cannot be excluded.
Moderate Caffeine Use and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion and Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Authors: James L. Mills, Lewis B. Holmes, Jerome H. Aarons, Joe Leigh Simpson, Zane A. Brown, Lois G. Jovanovic-Peterson, Mary R. Conley, Barry I. Graubard, Robert H. Knopp, Boyd E. Metzger
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion and intrauterine growth retardation. <h3>Design, Setting, and Patients.</h3> —A cohort of 431 women, enrolled in a multicenter study within 21 days of conception, was monitored throughout pregnancy to determine (1) caffeine exposure, (2) exposure to other risk factors, (3) fetal growth as assessed by ultrasonography, and (4) pregnancy outcome. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth, birth weight, and head circumference. <h3>Results.</h3> —The mean (±SD) first-trimester caffeine consumption was not significantly higher in women who aborted (125.9± 123.1 mg) than in women who delivered liveborn infants (111.6±107.0 mg) (<i>P</i>=34). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for spontaneous abortion was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 1.49). Early fetal growth, assessed by crown-rump length on ultrasonographic examination, was not affected by caffeine. Although the group consuming the most caffeine (&gt;300 mg/d) had a significantly higher proportion of babies with birth weights and head circumferences below the 10th percentile in the crude analysis, the association with caffeine was no longer significant when other risk factors (notably smoking) were taken into account. The adjusted ORs were 1.11 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.40) for decreased birth weight and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.86 to 1.37) for smaller head circumference. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Close monitoring of a cohort identified very soon after conception enabled us to identify all abortions after 21 days postconception, monitor intrauterine growth prospectively, and track caffeine use. Despite this intensive surveillance, we found no evidence that moderate caffeine use increased the risk of spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth retardation, or microcephaly after accounting for other risk factors. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:593-597)
Mild Persistent Asthma — Polling Results
Authors: Laura E. Fredenburgh, Edward W. Campion, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

In mid-May, we introduced Clinical Decisions — a new interactive feature designed to help us understand how our readers would manage a given clinical case. Our opening case1 involved how to tailor the care of a 30-year-old woman with mild persistent asthma who, although only intermittently symptomatic while receiving treatment with inhaled beclomethasone at a dose of 160 μg twice a day, desired to cut back her treatment.Among the three options offered to you, the most popular — receiving 2281 votes (37.5% of the 6085 votes cast) — was to switch the patient's treatment to a corticosteroid and a . . .
The Academic Medical Center Today
Authors: DAVID E. ROGERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Some recent circumstances, including the nation's economic difficulties, a probable physician surplus, a declining need for acute-care medical beds, and an overwhelming public perception that medical care is too expensive, are creating serious problems for academic medical centers today. To survive, many academic medical centers probably will make certain short-term adaptations that will be viewed as undesirable by many. We suggest four initiatives that may help academic centers maintain their vital national role. These initiatives include becoming major public advocates for the medical care needs of the least fortunate; a sharp reduction in the training of subspecialists; the commitment of more of their faculty practice income to academic research, teaching, and support of low-income students; and refocusing attention on the training of young persons to be the physicians of tomorrow.
Gilbert Vincent Griffin
Authors: Mary Sibellas, Mala Rao
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former director of public health Southend-on-Sea (b London 1928; q Durham 1951; DPH, FFCM), died from ischaemic heart disease on 18 December 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




After qualifying he was called up for national service in the Royal Air Force and became a squadron leader. He was a general practitioner in Newcastle upon Tyne for four years before entering public health, where he spent the rest of his career. He was a medical officer in Newcastle upon Tyne and a deputy medical officer of health in Reading before being appointed medical officer of health in Southend-on-Sea in 1967. Following various NHS reorganisations he retired as director of public health in 1988. Gil was a powerfully built man. Golf and Portugal were his great passions. He leaves a wife, Jo; four children; and six grandchildren.
Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Infants and Children
Authors: Edmund A. Franken
Journal: JAMA (1974)

GASTROINTESTINAL bleeding is a fairly frequent occurrence in children, and parental concern produces prompt referral to the physician. As the causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in children differ from those in adults, the diagnostic approach to the problem must be oriented specifically toward pediatric ailments. In this communication, the causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in various pediatric age groups are discussed, and a radiologic approach to the child with intestinal blood loss is suggested.  Newborn Infant  Gastrointestinal bleeding in the neonate is usually a benign disorder, although considerable blood loss may result. In the usual case, hematemesis or hematochezia or both, without other symptoms, occur in a previously healthy infant at about 2 days of age. In a study of 98 neonates with gastrointestinal bleeding, Sherman and Clatworthy 1 noted the following causes for this condition: (1) swallowed maternal blood, (2) anorectal trauma, (3) hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, (4) colitis, (5)
Activation of the adenosine-A3 receptor stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion by macrophages
Authors: Emilie Velot, Benjamin Haas, Frédérique Léonard, Isabelle Ernens, Magali Rolland-Turner, Chantal Schwartz, Dan Longrois, Yvan Devaux, Daniel R. Wagner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays an important role in ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The cardioprotectant adenosine (Ado) may be involved in ventricular remodelling. We have shown that Ado inhibits the secretion of MMP-9 by human neutrophils. This study investigated the effect of Ado on MMP-9 production by human macrophages. Cells used in this study were monocytes of healthy volunteers, a human monocyte cell line, and leukocytes from patients following MI. Monocytes were differentiated into macrophages and treated with Ado. Ado enhanced MMP-9 secretion by human macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Increasing the level of endogenous Ado by inhibition of Ado deaminase or Ado transferase also increased MMP-9 secretion. Ado enhanced MMP-9 production when macrophages were activated by hypoxia or Toll-like receptor-4 ligands such as lipopolysaccharide, hyaluronan, and heparan sulfate. The effect of Ado was replicated by the A3 agonist IB-MECA and inhibited by silencing the A3 receptor. Ado improved monocyte capacity to migrate through a matrix of gelatin B, and this effect was blocked by inhibition of MMP-9 activity. The chemotactic capacity of macrophages was reduced by Ado through a loss of expression of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 receptor. Finally, MMP-9 expression was higher in blood cells from patients with acute MI compared with healthy volunteers. Adenosine activates MMP-9 secretion by macrophages through its A3 receptor. The effect is in contrast to that observed in neutrophils, where Ado inhibits MMP-9 secretion by the A2a receptor. These observations may have important implications for therapeutic strategies targeting Ado receptors in the setting of MI.
INDUCTION OF ARGINASE ACTIVITY WITH THE SHOPE PAPILLOMA VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE CELLS FROM AN ARGININEMIC PATIENT
Authors: Stanfield Rogers, A. Lowenthal, H. G. Terheggen, J. P. Columbo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Inoculation of the Shope virus in tissue cultures of human fibroblasts from a patient with a deficiency of the enzyme arginase results in an induction of arginase activity, apparently virus coded.
Prognosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency-related liver disease in the era of paediatric liver transplantion
Authors: Ruggiero Francavilla, Stefania P Castellaneta, Nedim Hadzic, Susan M Chambers, Bernard Portmann, John Tung, Paul Cheeseman, Mohamed Rela, Nigel D Heaton, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
When Patients Call, Will Physicians Respond?
Authors: Joel M. Zinberg
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON THE SENSITIZATION OF ANIMALS WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: K. Landsteiner, A. A. Di Somma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

Sensitization of guinea pigs to picric acid was obtained by application of oil solutions to the skin, preferably on inflamed sites or by treatment with a compound of picric acid with n-butyl-p-aminobenzoate. The lesions obtained in sensitive animals on superficial administration bore resemblance to human eczema. It seems probable that picric acid sensitization is an instance where a substance does not sensitize directly but after conversion into a more reactive compound, a principle which should be of wider application to instances where the original substance does not readily form conjugates.
Prevention of Ventricular Tachycardia and Fibrillation by Intravenous Isoproterenol and Epinephrine
Authors: ARTHUR J. LINENTHAL, PAUL M. ZOLL
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Isoproterenol and epinephrine were given intravenously in dilute solutions to nine patients with Stokes-Adams attacks due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. The drugs produced ventricular acceleration and thereby controlled the attacks. This technic proved useful for prompt, short-term prevention of seizures; for the long term, direct electric stimulation with internal pacemakers was required.
Abstract 16033: No Association Between Baseline Vitamin D Levels and Angiographic Severity of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Heidi T May, Tami L Bair, Oxana Galenko, Benjamin D Horne, Donald L Lappe, John F Carlquist, Brianna S Ronnow, Staci Gunter, Jeffrey L Anderson, Joseph B Muhlestein
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency has recently been associated with adverse cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. However, whether it is mainly associated with the progression of atherosclerosis itself or rather contributes to the destabilization of existing atherosclerotic plaque is not known. To investigate this question, we looked for an association between vitamin D deficiency and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).   Methods:  Baseline Vit D levels were obtained on 3,413 consecutive patients presenting for clinically indicated coronary angiography. Vit D was stratified into 3 categories: Normal [N]: >30 ng/ml (n=468[14%]), Low [L]: 15–30 ng/ml (n=2,606[76%]), and Very low [VL]: ≥15 ng/ml (n=339[10%]). A CAD severity score was quantified by counting the number (0–3) of major vessels with severe (≤70%) stenosis. Multivariable linear regression, adjusting for baseline clinical variables (including age, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, family history, smoking, heart failure, renal failure, prior history of cardiovascular disease and clinical presentation), was used to determine independent associations.   Results:  Age averaged 63.5±13 years and 65.7% were male. A total of 1,157 (33.9%), 1,011 (29.6%), 618 (18.1%) and 627 (18.4%) patients were found to have 0, 1, 2 and 3 vessel disease, respectively. Mean CAD score was 1.09±1.06, 1.23±1.10 and 1.18±1.12 for patients with N, L and VL Vit D levels, respectively (p-trend = 0.14). After multivariable adjustment, the association between baseline Vit D levels and angiographic severity of CAD remained insignificant (p=0.16).   Conclusion:  Among patients presenting for clinically indicated coronary angiography, there was no significant association between baseline vitamin D levels and the angiographic severity of CAD. The clinical implications of these findings require further study, but do provide epidemiological evidence that the pathophysiological relationship of Vit D deficiency with cardiovascular disease does not relate to the progression of atherosclerosis.
Fundamental Skills in Surgery
Authors: John Hoshyn Sun
Journal: JAMA (1995)

After completing the basic science years, the medical student is confronted with patient care. The transition from book learning to actual patient management is a large step. In preparation for clinical surgery rotations, the third-year medical student needs to become acquainted with an adequate amount of practical knowledge and fundamental skills in surgical management. Some students are able to learn many of these procedures through instruction by the house staff, but, with overworked residents, teaching often takes a backseat to sleep and patient care.<i>Fundamental Skills in Surgery</i>will fill in the gaps left by limited teaching, time, and exposure to a variety of patient illnesses. The editors have done an excellent job of explaining the basic techniques in performing surgical procedures and summarizing the pathophysiology of surgical care. The references to the practice of surgery at St Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center of New York add a unique perspective.
EXPERIMENTAL SCHIZOPHRENIA-LIKE SYMPTOMS
Authors: MAX RINKEL, H. JACKSON DESHON, ROBERT W. HYDE, HARRY C. SOLOMON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

1. The effects of minute amounts of dlysergic acid diethylamide tartrate (L. S. D.) on normal subjects, with an age range of 19-48 years, and some psychotic patients of the schizophrenic, depressive, and paranoic type are reported. 2. Psychotic phenomena and alterations of the autonomic nervous system were observed. The psychotic phenomena were predominantly schizophrenia-like symptoms that were manifested in disturbances of thought and speech; changes in affect and mood; perception; production of hallucinations and delusions; depersonalization and changes in behavior. The basic intelligence was not reduced. 3. Electroencephalographic examinations at the height of the L.S.D. reaction revealed only slight changes, principally increased alpha rhythm, except in one case where there occurred a slowing of about 2 cycles per second. 4. Rorschach tests showed abnormalities principally of the schizophrenic or paranoic type. Concrete-abstract thinking tests also, on the whole, showed responses similar to those obtained in schizophrenic patients. 5. No scientific theory for the origination of the natural psychotic phenomena or psychoses is being advanced, but the belief is expressed that experimental psychiatry progresses in the right direction.