tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Case for a Global Ban on Asbestos
Authors: Joseph LaDou, Barry Castleman, Arthur Frank, Michael Gochfeld, Morris Greenberg, James Huff, Tushar Kant Joshi, Philip J. Landrigan, Richard Lemen, Jonny Myers, Morando Soffritti, Colin L. Soskolne, Ken Takahashi, Daniel Teitelbaum, Benedetto Terracini, Andrew Watterson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundAll forms of asbestos are now banned in 52 countries. Safer products have replaced many materials that once were made with it. Nonetheless, many countries still use, import, and export asbestos and asbestos-containing products, and in those that have banned other forms of asbestos, the so-called “controlled use” of chrysotile asbestos is often exempted from the ban. In fact, chrysotile has accounted for &gt; 95% of all the asbestos used globally.ObjectiveWe examined and evaluated the literature used to support the exemption of chrysotile asbestos from the ban and how its exemption reflects the political and economic influence of the asbestos mining and manufacturing industry.DiscussionAll forms of asbestos, including chrysotile, are proven human carcinogens. All forms cause malignant mesothelioma and lung and laryngeal cancers, and may cause ovarian, gastrointestinal, and other cancers. No exposure to asbestos is without risk. Illnesses and deaths from asbestos exposure are entirely preventable.ConclusionsAll countries of the world have an obligation to their citizens to join in the international endeavor to ban the mining, manufacture, and use of all forms of asbestos. An international ban is urgently needed. There is no medical or scientific basis to exempt chrysotile from the worldwide ban of asbestos.
OPERATING TO THE CLOCK
Authors: J. O'Conor
Journal: BMJ (1918)

EXTIRPATION of the tonsils must have been commonly practised at a very earlv period.The first clear mention of it is made by (Jelsus (A.D. 10) in his De Medicina, cap.vii, sect. 12,but lhe speaks of excising the tonsils witlh such familiarity that it was evidently considered a very ordinary procedure.He writes: ToIisils which remain indurated after inflammation, if covered by a thin membrane, should be loosened by working the finger rounld them, and then torn out; but when this is not prac- ticable, they should be seized by a hook and excised with a scalpel.Aetius (A.D. 490) gives.the following account of the operation:The portion which projects-that is, about one-half of the enlarged gland-may be removed; those who extirpate the entire tonsil remove at the same time structures-which are perfectly healthy, and in this way give rise to serious haemor- rhage.
Cyclosporin A in systemic sclerosis
Authors: H. Zachariae, E. Zchariae
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Cyclosporin A in systemic sclerosis Get access H. Zachariae, H. Zachariae Department of Dermatology, Marselisborg Hospital, University of Aarhus Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Zchariae E. Zchariae Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus Kommunehospital, University of Aarhus, DK‐8000 Aarhus C., Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Pages 741–742, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05912.x Published: 01 May 1987
"Reperfusion injury" by oxygen-derived free radicals? Effect of superoxide dismutase plus catalase, given at the time of reperfusion, on myocardial infarct size, contractile function, coronary microvasculature, and regional myocardial blood flow.
Authors: K Przyklenk, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Do oxygen-derived free radicals, generated at the time of reperfusion, lethally injure viable, previously ischemic myocardium, damage vascular endothelium, and impair recovery of postischemic contractile function? To address these issues, 23 anesthetized open-chest dogs underwent 2 hours of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. Immediately prior to reflow, each dog was randomized to receive either the free radical scavenging agents superoxide dismutase (SOD) + catalase, or saline alone. SOD + catalase had no significant beneficial effect on infarct size measured by triphenyltetrazolium staining: area of necrosis averaged 38.5 +/- 6.1% vs. 46.3 +/- 6.2% of the area at risk in treated compared with control animals respectively (p = NS). Furthermore, infusion of SOD + catalase did not alter contractile function of the viable subepicardium: mean segment shortening (measured using sonomicrometry) at 4 hours postreperfusion was -23 +/- 5% of baseline, preocclusion values in controls dogs and -24 +/- 9% of preocclusion values in animals that received the scavenging agents. However, SOD + catalase treatment preserved the endocardial microvasculature (assessed by semiquantitative electron microscopic analysis) and enhanced regional myocardial blood flow after reperfusion. Specifically, mean score for microvascular injury was 0.41 +/- 0.14 vs. 0.10 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.05) in control compared with SOD + catalase treated groups, and blood flow averaged 0.56 +/- 0.11 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.33 ml/min/g tissue (p less than 0.05), respectively, in the previously ischemic endocardium at 2 hours postreflow. Thus, SOD + catalase given at the time of reperfusion had no acute beneficial effect on either the extent of myocyte necrosis or postischemic contractile function in this canine model. SOD + catalase did, however, attenuate both endocardial vascular injury and the "low reflow" phenomenon. These data suggest that microvascular injury and low reflow following prolonged (2 hour) but transient coronary occlusion may be mediated by oxygen-derived free radicals generated at the time of reperfusion.
Long term functional limitations in survivors of ARDS
Authors: S Cooper
Journal: Thorax (2003)

▴ Herridge MS, Cheung AM, Tansey CM, et al . One-year outcomes in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med2003;348:683–93 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] One hundred and nine survivors of ARDS (mean age 45 years) were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge from ICUs in Toronto. Patients had a mild restrictive pattern on lung function testing with mild to moderate reduction in carbon … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DHerridge%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%2BS.%26rft.volume%253D348%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D683%26rft.epage%253D693%26rft.atitle%253DOne-Year%2BOutcomes%2Bin%2BSurvivors%2Bof%2Bthe%2BAcute%2BRespiratory%2BDistress%2BSyndrome%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa022450%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12594312%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa022450&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12594312&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F5%2F452.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000181014400003&link_type=ISI
Anaerobic Liver Abscess: Medical Treatment
Authors: VERNE E. GILBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Anaerobic Liver Abscess: Medical TreatmentVERNE E. GILBERT, M.D., F.A.C.P.VERNE E. GILBERT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-303_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drs. Sabbaj, Sutter, and Finegold may have overemphasized the importance of surgical drainage for the treatment of anaerobic liver abscesses in their recent clinical review of the problem (Ann Intern Med 77:629-638, 1972). We have had a case of multiple liver abscesses, secondary to Fusobacterium species, with recovery without surgery when the dose of penicillin was tailored to the organism.A 22-year-old law student had several days of diarrhea followed by 3 weeks of fever. Findings on admission included a temperature of 37.8 °C [100 °F] a soft, enlarged spleen (2 finger-breadths), a positive Murphy's punch over... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: VERNE E. GILBERT, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFusobacterial liver abscess: a case report and review of the literatureNon-parasitic liver abscessBiliary Tract and Hepatic InfectionsExperimental anaerobic liver abscess: observations on treatmentMedical Treatment of Pyogenic Liver AbscessTELFER B. REYNOLDS, M.D. 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 303-303KeywordsAbscessesDiarrheaFeversLiverPenicillinSplenomegalySurgeryTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Regional Variation and the Affluence-Poverty Nexus
Authors: Richard A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CANCER PROBLEM
Authors: A. T. Brand
Journal: BMJ (1922)

color pictures. Most of these were taken by the author. Some of the photographs lack clarity of subject matter and seem to be more suitable for an overall photographic effect than for illustrative or instructional purposes. The line drawings by Dr. Dorothy Leake, numbering 362, are excellent. The book would have been more useful if line drawings accompanied each plant identification. A glossary and 34 additional references are included in the handbook. These features along with the detailed plant anatomy sections and the excellent discussion of the environmental factors that influence the kinds and distribution of plants, make the handbook an excellent guide for high school biology classes, college botanical courses in local flora, and methods courses in science education for prospective biology teachers. Laboratory sessions would be available to such groups to become familiar with plant anatomy and to build proficiency in the use of a key. Field trips for identification and collection purposes would permit the handbook to be what this reviewer believes the author intended-a usable handbook. There is no question as to the validity of the presentation or usefulness of this handbook as a reference tool for the appropriate audience. This book is highly recommended to the more serious camper or the high school biology and college botany instructors in the Rocky Mountain and surrounding region.
Abstract 5336: Distinct liver cancer stem cells defined by EpCAM and CD90 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Taro Yamashita, Masao Honda, Kazunori Kawaguchi, Hajime Takatori, Hajime Sunakozaka, Xin W. Wang, Shuichi Kaneko
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent evidences suggest that a certain type of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is hierarchically organized by a subset of cells with stem cell features (cancer stem cells: CSCs). Although CSCs have been identified using several CSC markers and are now considered a pivotal target for the eradication of HCC, little information is known about the characteristics of marker-positive cells. Here we explored the expression of CSC markers CD90 and EpCAM in primary HCCs and cell lines to investigate the molecular characteristics of each cell type. Gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to characterize 340 surgically resected HCC tissues and 11 advanced HCC tissues with distant organ metastasis obtained from autopsy. Magnetic-activated cell sorting was used to isolate EpCAM+ or CD90+ cells from surgically resected 12 fresh HCC specimens, which were tested for hepatic stem cell properties including their tumor initiating capacity in NOD/SCID mice. In primary HCC, EpCAM+ and CD90+ cells resided distinctively, and gene expression analysis of sorted cells suggested that EpCAM+ cells had the features of epithelial stem cells whereas CD90+ cells had those of vascular endothelial cells. Clinicopathological analysis indicated that presence of EpCAM+ cells was associated with poorly differentiated morphology and high serum AFP with a tendency of portal vein invasion, while the presence of CD90+ cells was associated with high incidence of distant organ metastasis within two years after surgical resection and advanced TNM stages. Serial xenotransplantation of EpCAM+/CD90+ cells in NOD/SCID mice revealed the rapid growth of EpCAM+ cells in the subcutaneous lesion and highly metastatic capacity of CD90+ cells into the lung. Xenotransplantation experiments of cell lines further demonstrated that EpCAM+ cells had the features of hepatic CSCs with marked tumorigenic capacity whereas CD90+ cells had those of vascular endothelial cells with highly metastatic features. Markedly, CD90+ cells showed the abundant expression of c-Kit and VEGFR1 and chemosensitivity to imatinib methylate (c-Kit inhibitor) and axitinib (VEGFR1/2 inhibitor). Taken together, our data strongly suggest the discrete natures of EpCAM+ and CD90+ cells with specific gene expression patterns and chemosensitivity to the molecularly targeted therapy. The presence of distinct CSCs may determine the clinical outcome of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5336. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5336
Behcet's Syndrome and Vitamin K
Authors: A. J. Ambrose
Journal: BMJ (1947)

hliEDICAL JOURNAI weaknesses being what they are, there can be little doubt that a night call several miles into the country is done less grudgingly and more efficiently if there is a commensurate reward.It is the all-important incentive that counts.For the future Health Service I strongly advocate a system of pro rata remuneration by the State on the lines of the familiar Form 1667, payment of civilian medical practitioners by the Service departments.The additional clerical work involved would in my opinion be more than worth it, and no doubt the Minister could devise some method of ensuring that all claims were bona fide.-I am, etc.,
A new disease categorization of low-grade myelodysplastic syndromes based on the expression of cytopenia and dysplasia in one versus more than one lineage improves on the WHO classification
Authors: E Verburgh, R Achten, V J Louw, C Brusselmans, M Delforge, M Boogaerts, A Hagemeijer, P Vandenberghe, G Verhoef
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Uncertainty in the estimation of benzene risks: application of an uncertainty taxonomy to risk assessments based on an epidemiology study of rubber hydrochloride workers.
Authors: D M Byrd, E T Barfield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This paper reviews 14 risk assessments that use the data from descriptions by Rinsky, Young, and co-workers of benzene-associated leukemias among a group of rubber hydrochloride workers in Ohio. The leukemogenic risks of benzene estimated in these assessments differ. The assessors use different assumptions (parameters, confounding factors, or formulas), which account for the differences in risk. The purpose of the review is to determine whether the major source of uncertainty in assessments of benzene risk arises from data, method, or concept. The results show that methodological differences dominate the other two potential sources with respect to impact on risk magnitude.
Severe inflammatory arthritis and lymphadenopathy in the absence of TNF
Authors: Ian K. Campbell, Kristy O’Donnell, Kate E. Lawlor, Ian P. Wicks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

It has been postulated that TNF has a pivotal role in a cytokine cascade that results in joint inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To evaluate this, we examined the response of TNF-deficient (Tnf–/–) mice in two models of RA. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced by injection of chick type II collagen (CII) in CFA. Tnf–/– mice had some reduction in the clinical parameters of CIA and, on histology, significantly more normal joints. However, severe disease was evident in 54% of arthritic Tnf–/– joints. Tnf–/– mice had impaired Ig class switching, but preserved T cell proliferative responses to CII and enhanced IFN-γ production. Interestingly, CII-immunized Tnf–/– mice developed lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly associated with increased memory CD4+ T cells and activated lymph node B cells. Acute inflammatory arthritis was also reduced in Tnf–/– mice, although again some mice exhibited severe disease. We conclude that TNF is important but not essential for inflammatory arthritis; in each model, severe arthritis could proceed even in the complete absence of TNF. These results call into doubt the concept that TNF is obligatory for chronic autoimmune and acute inflammatory arthritis and provide a rationale for further studies into TNF-independent cytokine pathways in arthritis.
Increased nitric oxide synthase in the lung after ozone inhalation is associated with activation of NF-kappa B.
Authors: D L Laskin, V Sunil, Y Guo, D E Heck, J D Laskin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Acute inhalation of ozone is associated with a inflammatory response characterized by the accumulation of macrophages at sites of tissue injury. These cells, along with resident alveolar epithelial cells, become activated and release cytotoxic and proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (.NO), that we speculate contribute to toxicity. In these studies we analyzed mechanisms regulating increased .NO synthase activity in lung macrophages and type II cells after ozone inhalation. Brief exposure of rats to ozone (2 ppm for 3 hr) resulted in an increase in .NO production by alveolar macrophages as well as type II cells in response to the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. These effects were apparently due to increased expression of inducible .NO synthase (iNOS) protein and mRNA, which were evident in vitro and in situ in histologic sections. .NO production and iNOS protein expression by both macrophages and epithelial cells were blocked by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an agent that inhibits activity of nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Cells from ozone-treated animals were less sensitive to the effects of PDTC than cells from control animals. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we measured NF-kappa B binding activity in nuclear extracts of cells from control and ozone-exposed animals. Treatment of rats with ozone resulted in a time-dependent increase in NF-kappa B binding activity in both cell types, reaching a maximum in cells isolated 12 to 24 hr after ozone inhalation. Taken together, these data suggest that changes in the activity of NF-kappa B signaling are important in the response of lung macrophages and type II epithelial cells to cytokines after ozone inhalation.
Volumetric Mammographic Density: Heritability and Association With Breast Cancer Susceptibility Loci
Authors: J. S. Brand, K. Humphreys, D. J. Thompson, J. Li, M. Eriksson, P. Hall, K. Czene
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundMammographic density is a strong heritable trait, but data on its genetic component are limited to area-based and qualitative measures. We studied the heritability of volumetric mammographic density ascertained by a fully-automated method and the association with breast cancer susceptibility loci.
Demographic and Epidemiologic Drivers of Global Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Gregory A. Roth, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Andrew E. Moran, Ryan Barber, Grant Nguyen, Valery L. Feigin, Mohsen Naghavi, George A. Mensah, Christopher J.L. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Global deaths from cardiovascular disease are increasing as a result of population growth, the aging of populations, and epidemiologic changes in disease. Disentangling the effects of these three drivers on trends in mortality is important for planning the future of the health care system and benchmarking progress toward the reduction of cardiovascular disease.We used mortality data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, which includes data on 188 countries grouped into 21 world regions. We developed three counterfactual scenarios to represent the principal drivers of change in cardiovascular deaths (population growth alone, population growth and aging, and epidemiologic changes in disease) from 1990 to 2013. Secular trends and correlations with changes in national income were examined.Global deaths from cardiovascular disease increased by 41% between 1990 and 2013 despite a 39% decrease in age-specific death rates; this increase was driven by a 55% increase in mortality due to the aging of populations and a 25% increase due to population growth. The relative contributions of these drivers varied by region; only in Central Europe and Western Europe did the annual number of deaths from cardiovascular disease actually decline. Change in gross domestic product per capita was correlated with change in age-specific death rates only among upper-middle income countries, and this correlation was weak; there was no significant correlation elsewhere.The aging and growth of the population resulted in an increase in global cardiovascular deaths between 1990 and 2013, despite a decrease in age-specific death rates in most regions. Only Central and Western Europe had gains in cardiovascular health that were sufficient to offset these demographic forces. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others.).