tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Cellular Response Pattern to Phosphorus Ion is a New Target for the Design of Tissue‐Engineered Blood Vessel
Authors: Wen Chen, Fangjuan Wang, Wen Zeng, Jun Sun, Li Li, Mingcan Yang, Jiansen Sun, Yangxiao Wu, Xiaohui Zhao, Chuhong Zhu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Regulation of cellular response pattern to phosphorus ion (PI) is a new target for the design of tissue-engineered materials. Changing cellular response pattern to high PI can maintain monocyte/macrophage survival in TEBV and the signal of increasing PI can be converted by klotho to the adenosine signals through the regulation of energy metabolism in monocytes/macrophages. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Alcohol in Official Preparations.
Authors: George Homan
Journal: JAMA (1907)

St. Louis, Feb. 4, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —When the question of the mutual relations of the professions of the physician and of the pharmacist was first agitated here last October, at a meeting of the Medical Society of the City Hospital Alumni, which was reported inThe Journal, Nov. 10, 1906, page 1584, a strong presentation of reasons was made by an eminent pharmacist in favor of physicians prescribing the preparations recognized by the United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary, these being recommended in the place of proprietary products, and an exhibition was made of a number of such preparations —elixirs, syrups, etc.—all being attractive to the eye, and some to the senses of smell and taste as well. As a medical student, I had been taught perhaps as much or as little in pharmacy as the average beginner, but, whatever the instruction was in amount, it had
Effect of enterocoated cholestyramine on bowel habit after ileal resection: a double blind crossover study.
Authors: O Jacobsen, L Hojgaard, E Hylander Moller, T O Wielandt, M Thale, S Jarnum, E Krag
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Ileal resection causes malabsorption of bile acid; the increased load of bile acids in the colon induces increased secretion of salt and water and hence diarrhoea. A study was carried out to test the effect of an enterocoated cholestyramine tablet designed to disintegrate in the colon and sequester the bile acids there, thereby minimising diarrhoea induced by bile acids while having no effect on malabsorption of bile acid and jejunal fat absorption. The study comprised 14 patients who had undergone ileal resection of 40-150 cm for Crohn9s disease. A double blind crossover trial was performed with placebo and cholestyramine enterocoated with cellulose acetate phthalate. During treatment with cholestyramine the daily faecal output decreased, the number of defecations each week decreased, and the intestinal transit time increased. Acceptability of the tablets was high, in contrast with general clinical experience with cholestyramine powder. No change was observed in the total faecal output of bile acids or fat. Cholestyramine tablets caused a reduction in diarrhoea without noticeably interfering with the metabolism of fat or bile acid.
The Outcome of Suspected Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding With 24-Hour Access to Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: C. Lim, D. Vani, S. Shah, S. Everett, B. Rembacken
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aim: The aim was to evaluate the 30-day mortality after endoscopy for suspected upper gastrointestinal bleed, following the implementation of national audit guidelines at our hospital. Patients and Methods: All patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding, referred for endoscopy to our teaching hospital between October 2001 and December 2003, were included in a prospective cohort study. Results: A total of 716 patients with suspected upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage were referred for urgent endoscopy. The median age was 69 years (interquartile range 51 - 80 years). Bleeding from peptic ulcer remained the single most common endoscopic diagnosis (40 %). The overall re-bleeding rate for all patients with a gastrointestinal haemorrhage was 10 %. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 14.6 %. This was not significantly different from the mortality rate in 1995 of 10.5 % (P = 0.11). Patients who died were significantly older (78 vs. 67 years, 95 %CI of the difference 5 to 12, P < 0.001). However, in only 29 % (30/105) was gastrointestinal haemorrhage stated in the death certificate as a factor which contributed to their death. Conclusions: Our results show that implementing the good practice guideline has a limited impact on overall mortality because of contributing factors that are beyond the control of clinicians.
SKIN HOMOGRAFTS: TOLEROGENIC VERSUS IMMUNOGENIC INFLUENCES IN MICE
Authors: Stephen S. Wachtel, Willys K. Silvers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

In strain combinations involving multiple non-H-2 disparities, neonatal skin grafts may survive significantly longer than adult grafts of similar genotype on normal adult hosts, and repeatedly outlive grafts of adult origin on immunosuppressed recipients. Moreover, newborn grafts of long-standing may render their hosts unresponsive to adult skin grafts from the same donor strain. With some H-2-compatible strain combinations in which homozygous neonatal grafts are rejected, F1 hybrid (heterozygous) grafts of similar age not only may survive indefinitely, but also may induce tolerance of subsequent adult parental strain homografts. These tolerogenic and gene dosage effects, although much weaker, can likewise be revealed with H-2-incompatible neonatal skin grafts.
DNA Mismatch Repair in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Himisha Beltran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.48.4667 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print March 25, 2013 PMID: 23530097 DNA Mismatch Repair in Prostate Cancer Himisha BeltranxHimisha BeltranSearch for articles by this author Show More Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2012.48.4667 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2013 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
5 PHASE 3 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF ALL-ORAL TREATMENT WITH SOFOSBUVIR + RIBAVIRIN FOR 12 WEEKS COMPARED TO 24 WEEKS OF PEG + RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE GT2/3 HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS (FISSION)
Authors: E. Gane, E. Lawitz, M. Rodriguez-Torres, S. Gordon, H. Dvory-Sobol, S. Arterburn, J. McNally, D.M. Brainard, W.T. Symonds, J.G. McHutchison, A. Sheikh, A. Mangia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Hemodynamic Studies Before and After Instrumental Mitral Commissurotomy
Authors: HARVEY FEIGENBAUM, RICHARD E. LINBACK, WILLIAM K. NASSER
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Hemodynamic studies including simultaneous right heart, transseptal left heart, and retrograde left heart catheterizations were done on 35 patients before and at least 6 months after instrumental mitral commissurotomy to evaluate the efficacy of this type of surgery and to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of mitral stenosis. Although surgery produced a significant increase in calculated mitral valve area, the degree of improvement varied markedly. The younger patients had the greater increase in mitral valve area. The change in cardiac index and pulmonary vascular resistance correlated well with the change in mitral valve area. Only those patients whose mitral valve area increased over 1.0 cm 2 had a significant increase in cardiac index and a fall in pulmonary vascular resistance. The data indicate that the reduced cardiac index and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with mitral stenosis are related to the mitral valve obstruction and are at least in part reversible and that the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance during mild exercise is related to elevated left atrial pressure. An almost universal fall in left atrial and pulmonary artery pressures followed surgery, but this apparent improvement did not necessarily correlate with an increase in mitral valve area. A significant increase in exercise left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in patients who had the greatest increase in mitral valve area raises the question as to the status of the left ventricle in patients with mitral stenosis. Decreased left ventricular compliance is offered as a possible explanation for this observation. The concomitant existence of mild or moderate preoperative aortic insufficiency in eight of the patients and the development of significant mitral insufficiency in seven of the 35 patients following surgery did not alter the surgical results significantly. Whether the poorer results in patients with atrial fibrillation were a result of age or the arrhythmia could not be determined.
Corrected Transposition of the Great Vessels, Atrioventricular Heart Block, and Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: WELDON J. WALKER, DENTON A. COOLEY, DAN G. MCNAMARA, ROBERT H. MOSER
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Three cases with the triad of ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular heart block, and corrected transposition of the great vessels are presented. In each instance the patient successfully underwent open heart surgery on the pump-oxygenator for closure of the ventricular septal defect. A review of the literature suggests a frequent association of these 3 congenital anomalies. In our experience atrioventricular heart block is rarely encountered with simple ventricular septal defect. The finding of atrioventricular heart block in a patient with an interventricular septal defect warrants consideration of an associated corrected transposition of the great vessels.
PWE-143 Abnormal Platelets And The Formation Of Activated Neutrophil-platelet Complexes Following Platelet Administration Induces Neutrophil Activation And Release Of Reactive Oxygen Species In Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: JP Sturgeon, GK Manakkat Vijay, Y Zhang, JM Ryan, W Bernal, DL Shawcross
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The susceptibility to developing infection is well recognised in cirrhosis and circulating neutrophil dysfunction including excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to innate immune paresis. Platelets also play a key role modulating inflammation by interacting with neutrophils, secreting inflammatory mediators and influencing phagocytosis/apoptosis. The aim of this study was to examine platelet-neutrophil interactions in relation to ROS production and following healthy platelet exposure in patients with liver cirrhosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Neutrophil-platelet interactions were characterised in 7 patients (6M; mean age 54) (Child-Pugh 11–14) in a paired crossover study with 7 healthy controls (HC). Neutrophils and platelets were isolated separately and incubated alone and together <i>ex-vivo</i> in zero, 50:1 and 100:1 platelet:neutrophil ratios. Neutrophils were stained with anti-CD16-PE and anti-CD11b-APC-Cy7 (macrophage-1 antigen) using flow cytometry. Platelets were stained with anti-CD41a-APC (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) and complexes were identified as staining for CD11b/CD16/CD41a. Neutrophils were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate which induces ROS production quantified by conversion of dihydrorhodamine-123 to rhodamine-123. <h3>Results</h3> The addition of platelets to neutrophils (100:1) significantly reduced ROS production (p &lt; 0.01). HC platelets were significantly better at reducing ROS production than cirrhotic platelets (p &lt; 0.05). Neutrophil-platelet complex formation was significantly higher when HC platelets were added to unstimulated neutrophils than cirrhotic platelets (Graph 1) with a 3.3 fold increase in neutrophil endothelial adhesion capability <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cirrhotic platelets have a reduced capability to reduce neutrophil priming and ROS production. However, paradoxically administration of healthy platelets increases neutrophil-platelet complex formation and neutrophil adhesion capabilities which may promote endothelial activation and susceptibility to infection. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Phase 1/2 Dose Escalating Study of Twice-Monthly Pemetrexed and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Cancer and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Timothy Larson, Michael J. McCleod, Daniel J. Schneider, Jonathan E. Dowell, Tarit K. Banerjee, Kishan J. Pandya, Jane L. Bromund, Ruqin Chen, Matthew J. Monberg, Coleman K. Obasaju
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Diagnosis of Cholelithiasis-Reply
Authors: Joseph E. Geenen
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Beckman is certainly justified in reemphasizing that welldone real-time ultrasound is excellent in the detection of cholelithiasis. The problems in detection of choledocholithiasis by ultrasound are well known. Unfortunately, many of the patients in our series were examined using sector scanners before the widespread use of real time, and results have now improved. Regardless of this improvement and the results reported in the literature concerning the accuracy of ultrasound, we continue to see patients in whom stones have been overlooked in the gallbladder or common duct or both by oral cholecystograms and ultrasound. Endoscopicretrograde cholangiopancreatography is an expensive and time-consuming procedure. The question is, in which patients should invasive procedures such as this be considered? Our data, we believe, help to answer this question. Of the 32 patients with transiently abnormal liver function test results, 25 were shown to have stones at ERCP. We believe that the
Let's Stop Boxing in the Olympics and the United States Military
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Many improvements in the safety of boxers have occurred in the United States since<i>JAMA</i>said, "Boxing Should Be Banned in Civilized Countries" in January 1983,<sup>1</sup>and the American Medical Association House of Delegates concurred in December 1984.<sup>2</sup>Shorter and fewer rounds, more medical supervision, and earlier technical knockouts have helped. But we have not achieved the goal of abolishing boxing internationally in order to prevent the chronic brain damage that no one denies is frequent.<sup>3</sup> Professional boxing is a tough nut to crack. There is so much money for some people and such a motley bunch of characters predominates with little apparent caring about the welfare of the boxers. Amateur boxing is different. A brain receiving a blow cannot distinguish between a fist attached to a fighter who is paid and one who is not. Yet, the people involved in amateur boxing do seem to care
Microfluidic analysis of cellular deformability of normal and oxidatively damaged red blood cells
Authors: Joanne M. Kwan, Quan Guo, Dana L. Kyluik‐Price, Hongshen Ma, Mark D. Scott
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Microfluidic analysis of blood has potential clinical value for determining normal and abnormal erythrocyte deformability. To determine if a microfluidic device could reliably measure intra- and inter-personal variations of normal and oxidized human red blood cell (RBC), venous blood samples were collected from repeat donors over time. RBC deformability was defined by the cortical tension (pN/µm), as determined from the threshold pressure required to deform RBC through 2-2.5 μm funnel-shaped constrictions. Oxidized RBC were prepared by treatment with phenazine methosulphate (PMS; 50 µM). Analysis of the control and oxidized RBC demonstrated that the microfluidic device could clearly differentiate between normal and mildly oxidized (20.13 ± 1.47 versus 27.51 ± 3.64 pN/µm) RBC. In vivo murine studies further established that the PMS-mediated loss of deformability correlated with premature clearance. Deformability variation within an individual over three independent samplings (over 21 days) demonstrated minimal changes in the mean pN/µm. Moreover, inter-individual variation in mean control RBC deformability was similarly small (range: 19.37-21.40 pN/µm). In contrast, PMS-oxidized cells demonstrated a greater inter-individual range (range: 25.97-29.90 pN/µm) reflecting the differential oxidant sensitivity of an individual's RBC. Importantly, similar deformability profiles (mean and distribution width; 20.49 ± 1.67 pN/µm) were obtained from whole blood via finger prick sampling. These studies demonstrated that a low cost microfluidic device could be used to reproducibly discriminate between normal and oxidized RBC. Advanced microfluidic devices could be of clinical value in analyzing populations for hemoglobinopathies or in evaluating donor RBC products post-storage to assess transfusion suitability.
Preparing a People: Climate Change and Public Health
Authors: Catherine M. Cooney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Water sprays from an open fire hydrant in Brooklyn, New York, in the midst of a July 2010 heat wave that affected much of the eastern United States.In 2007 the New York City Department of Environmental Protection first teamed up with Alianza Dominicana, a Washington Heights community organization, to educate city residents about the appropriate use of fire hydrants and other ways
Effects of Methylphenidate on Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Pathways in Cocaine Addiction
Authors: Anna B. Konova, Scott J. Moeller, Dardo Tomasi, Nora D. Volkow, Rita Z. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Cocaine addiction is associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity among regions of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways. Methylphenidate hydrochloride, an indirect dopamine agonist, normalizes task-related regional brain activity and associated behavior in cocaine users; however, the neural systems-level effects of methylphenidate in this population have not yet been described.To use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine changes in mesocorticolimbic connectivity with methylphenidate and how connectivity of affected pathways relates to severity of cocaine addiction.Randomized, placebo-controlled, before-after, crossover study.Clinical research center.Eighteen nonabstaining individuals with cocaine use disorders.Single doses of oral methylphenidate (20 mg) or placebo were administered at each of 2 study sessions. At each session, resting scans were acquired twice: immediately after drug administration (before the onset of effects [baseline]) and 120 minutes later (within the window of peak effects).Functional connectivity strength was evaluated using a seed voxel correlation approach. Changes in this measure were examined to characterize the neural systems-level effects of methylphenidate; severity of cocaine addiction was assessed by interview and questionnaire.Short-term methylphenidate administration reduced an abnormally strong connectivity of the ventral striatum with the dorsal striatum (putamen/globus pallidus), and lower connectivity between these regions during placebo administration uniquely correlated with less severe addiction. In contrast, methylphenidate strengthened several corticolimbic and corticocortical connections.These findings help elucidate the neural systems-level effects of methylphenidate and suggest that short-term methylphenidate can, at least transiently, remodel abnormal circuitry relevant to the pathophysiologic characteristics of cocaine addiction. In particular, the effects of methylphenidate within striatal and cortical pathways constitute a potentially viable mechanism by which methylphenidate could facilitate control of behavior in cocaine addiction.
Identifying and testing candidate genetic polymorphisms in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): association with TNFSF15 and TNFα
Authors: Caroline Swan, Nathalie P Duroudier, Eugene Campbell, Abed Zaitoun, Margaret Hastings, George E Dukes, Joanne Cox, Fiona M Kelly, Jonathan Wilde, Mark G Lennon, Keith R Neal, Peter J Whorwell, Ian P Hall, Robin C Spiller
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Objectives</h3> The postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) suggests that impaired resolution of inflammation could cause IBS symptoms. The authors hypothesised that polymorphisms in genes whose expression were altered by gastroenteritis might be linked to IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D) which closely resembles PI-IBS. <h3>Design</h3> <i>Part 1</i>: 25 healthy volunteers (HVs), 21 patients 6 months after <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> infection, 37 IBS-D and 19 IBS with constipation (IBS-C) underwent rectal biopsy for gene expression analysis and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production assessment. <i>Part 2</i>: Polymorphisms in genes whose expression was altered in <i>Part 1</i> were assessed in 179 HV, 179 IBS-D, 122 IBS-C and 41 PI-IBS. <h3>Results</h3> <i>Part 1</i>: Mucosal expression of seven genes was altered in IBS: <i>CCL11</i>, <i>CCL13, Calpain 8</i> and <i>TNFSF15</i> increased while <i>NR1D1, GPR161 and GABRE</i> decreased with similar patterns after infection with <i>C jejuni</i>. <i>Part 2</i>: The authors assessed 21 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these seven genes and one SNP in each of the TNFα and IL-10 genes. Three out of five <i>TNFSF15</i> SNPs (rs6478108, rs6478109 and rs7848647) showed reduced minor allele frequency (MAF) (0.28, 0.27 and 0.27) in subjects with IBS-D compared with HV (0.38, 0.36 and 0.37; p=0.007, 0.015 and 0.007, respectively) confirming others recent findings. The authors also replicated the previously reported association of the TNFα SNP rs1800629 with PI-IBS which showed an increase in the MAF at 0.30 versus 0.19 for HV (p=0.04). <h3>Conclusion</h3> IBS-D and PI-IBS patients are associated with <i>TNFSF15</i> and <i>TNF</i>α genetic polymorphisms which also predispose to Crohn9s disease suggesting possible common underlying pathogenesis.
Δ12-prostaglandin J3, an omega-3 fatty acid–derived metabolite, selectively ablates leukemia stem cells in mice
Authors: Shailaja Hegde, Naveen Kaushal, Kodihalli C. Ravindra, Christopher Chiaro, Kelsey T. Hafer, Ujjawal H. Gandhi, Jerry T. Thompson, John P. van den Heuvel, Mary J. Kennett, Pamela Hankey, Robert F. Paulson, K. Sandeep Prabhu
Journal: Blood (2011)