tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Changing Face of Pediatric HIV-1 Infection
Authors: John L. Sullivan, Katherine Luzuriaga
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

It has been nearly 20 years since the first cases of AIDS were reported in children in the United States, and the face of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has changed markedly. During the first 15 years of the epidemic, approximately 15,000 infants acquired HIV-1 infection in the United States, mainly through vertical, or mother-to-child, transmission of the virus.1 Over the same period, about 3000 children died of AIDS. More recently, the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies has markedly reduced the number of newly infected infants and has changed clinical outcomes in infected children.In . . .
The Natural History of Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Jason Raymond, Janet L. Siefert, Christopher R. Staples, Robert E. Blankenship
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

In recent years, our understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has been bolstered by a diverse array of scientific techniques. Still, the origin and extant distribution of nitrogen fixation has been perplexing from a phylogenetic perspective, largely because of factors that confound molecular phylogeny such as sequence divergence, paralogy, and horizontal gene transfer. Here, we make use of 110 publicly available complete genome sequences to understand how the core components of nitrogenase, including NifH, NifD, NifK, NifE, and NifN proteins, have evolved. These genes are universal in nitrogen fixing organisms—typically found within highly conserved operons—and, overall, have remarkably congruent phylogenetic histories. Additional clues to the early origins of this system are available from two distinct clades of nitrogenase paralogs: a group composed of genes essential to photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and a group of uncharacterized genes present in methanogens and in some photosynthetic bacteria. We explore the complex genetic history of the nitrogenase family, which is replete with gene duplication, recruitment, fusion, and horizontal gene transfer and discuss these events in light of the hypothesized presence of nitrogenase in the last common ancestor of modern organisms, as well as the additional possibility that nitrogen fixation might have evolved later, perhaps in methanogenic archaea, and was subsequently transferred into the bacterial domain.
World's health systems must be strengthened to meet women's needs, says WHO
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Healthcare systems, especially in poor developing nations, should be strengthened so that services for women can be scaled up, says a World Health Organization report.

“Despite considerable progress over the past two decades, societies are still failing women at key moments in their lives. These failures are most acute in poor countries,” said Margaret Chan, WHO’s director general.

“Too many girls and women are still unable to reach their full potential because of persistent health, social, and gender inequalities and health system inadequacies,” she added.

In many societies, Dr Chan said, “men exercise political, social, and economic control. The health sector has to be concerned. These unequal relations translate into unequal access to health care and unequal control over health resources.”

WHO says that of the world’s estimated 59 million full time health workers about 30 million are women and that many …
In Vivo Imaging Reveals Dendritic Targeting of Laminated Afferents by Zebrafish Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Jeff S. Mumm, Philip R. Williams, Leanne Godinho, Amy Koerber, Andrew J. Pittman, Tobias Roeser, Chi-Bin Chien, Herwig Baier, Rachel O.L. Wong
Journal: Neuron (2006)
Child Mortality Estimation: A Global Overview of Infant and Child Mortality Age Patterns in Light of New Empirical Data
Authors: Michel Guillot, Patrick Gerland, François Pelletier, Ameed Saabneh
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Michel Guillot and colleagues did a systematic evaluation to assess what proportion of under-five mortality occurs below age one compared with at age one and above, to determine how much observed values deviate from so called "model age patterns" of under-five mortality
Trapidil (Triazolopyrimidine), a platelete derived growth factor(PDGF) antagonist in preventing restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
Authors: Shinya Okamoto, Morimichi Setuda, Masaaki Inden, Tokuji Konishi, Takeshi Nakano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
A model to predict survival following liver retransplantation
Authors: Hugo R. Rosen, Joseph P. Madden, Paul Martin
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

In the current era of critical–organ shortage, one of the most controversial questions facing transplantation teams is whether hepatic retransplantation, which has historically been associated with increased resource utilization and diminished survival, should be offered to a patient whose first allograft is failing. Retransplantation effectively denies access to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) to another candidate and further depletes an already–limited organ supply. The study group was comprised of 1,356 adults undergoing hepatic retransplantation in the United States between 1990 and 1996 as reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). We analyzed numerous donor and recipient variables and created Cox proportional–hazards models on 900 randomly chosen patients, validating the results on the remaining cohort. Five variables consistently provided significant predictive power and made up the final model: age, bilirubin, creatinine, UNOS status, and cause of graft failure. Although both hepatitis C seropositivity and donor age were significant by univariate and multivariate analyses, neither contributed independently to the estimation of prognosis when added to the final model. The final model was highly predictive of survival (whole model χ 2 = 139.63). The risk scores for individual patients were calculated, and patients were assigned into low–, medium–, and high–risk groups ( P &lt; .00001). The low degree of uncertainty in the probability estimates as reflected by confidence intervals, even in our high–risk patients, underscores the applicability of our model as an adjunct to clinical judgment. We have developed and validated a model that uses five readily accessible “bedside” variables to accurately predict survival in patients undergoing liver retransplantation.
Steroid-Induced Morbidity Mimicking Active Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: JOE G. HARDIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

In two patients a transient illness was diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus and treated with corticosteroids. In each patient the original illness, which may not have been systemic lupus erythematosus, was shortly supplanted by partially masked infection, steroid-induced myalgia and arthralgia and steroid-related hypertension, edema, and proteinuria—all suggesting manifestations of this disease. These cases illustrate the potential iatrogenic hazards of this diagnosis, particularly the vicious cycle in which untoward steroid effects are misinterpreted as signs of active systemic lupus erythematosus and are treated with escalating steroid therapy.
Rupture of the Coronary Sinus with Hemopericardium
Authors: J. H. HABERMANN, M. L. HOWARD, E. S. JOHNSON
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Sudden death is reported in a previously healthy 52-year-old man resulting from a rare complication of a coronary arteriovenous fistula. It is believed that the primary defect was congenital and that the sequence of events was dilatation and thrombosis of the coronary sinus, necrosis of the sinus wall, perforation, and fatal tamponade.
Patients will have digital access to GP records by 2015, says NHS England
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

By next year all patients in England will have online access to the medical records that their GP holds, and by 2020 they will have access to those held by hospitals, community, mental health, and social care services, NHS England has said.

Approved apps and digital platforms will allow patients to see their prescriptions, test results, and adverse reactions and allergies to drugs, and …
Calcareous Tendinitis of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Authors: Alexander P. Aitken, H. Kelvin Magill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE relation between amorphous calcium deposits lying in close proximity to joints and acute attacks of pain in these joints has been recognized in recent years. Such deposits are most commonly found in the tendinous cuff around the shoulder joint. The symptoms of acute bursitis that these deposits may cause are well known. Similar acute attacks of pain may be produced by calcium deposits in the gluteal tendons, near their insertion into the greater trochanter. Less commonly seen are deposits in the capsules of the digital joints of the hands and feet, the triceps insertion at the olecranon and the . . .
Frequent Nonrandom Activation of Germ-Line Genes in Human Cancer
Authors: Michael Koslowski, Carolin Bell, Gerhard Seitz, Hans-Anton Lehr, Klaus Roemer, Horst Müntefering, Christoph Huber, Ugur Sahin, Özlem Türeci
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The growing class of cancer/germ-line genes is characterized by a unique expression pattern with transcription restricted to germ cells and cancer cells. It is not known which fraction of germ-line genes is ectopically activated in tumor cells and whether this fraction displays common features as compared with strictly germ-line genes remaining silent in cancer. Using an unbiased genome-wide scanning approach, representative samples of both cancer/germ-line genes as well as strictly germ-line-specific genes were determined. Comparative analysis disclosed highly significant diametric characteristics for these two categories of genes with regard to sex specificity, developmental stage of physiological expression during gametogenesis, chromosomal localization, and epigenetic regulation of expression. Our findings provide class predictors for germ cell-specific gene activation in cancer. The identification of highly congruent expression patterns in cancer and in DNA methyltransferase-deficient cells suggests an underlying common epigenetic mechanism for activation of germ-line genes in cancer.
Intermittent Hypoxia and Stem Cell Implants Preserve Breathing Capacity in a Rodent Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Nicole L. Nichols, Genevieve Gowing, Irawan Satriotomo, Lisa J. Nashold, Erica A. Dale, Masatoshi Suzuki, Pablo Avalos, Patrick L. Mulcrone, Jacalyn McHugh, Clive N. Svendsen, Gordon S. Mitchell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron disease causing paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Strategies to preserve and/or restore respiratory function are critical for successful treatment. Although breathing capacity is maintained until late in disease progression in rodent models of familial ALS (SOD1(G93A) rats and mice), reduced numbers of phrenic motor neurons and decreased phrenic nerve activity are observed. Decreased phrenic motor output suggests imminent respiratory failure.To preserve or restore phrenic nerve activity in SOD1(G93A) rats at disease end stage.SOD1(G93A) rats were injected with human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) bracketing the phrenic motor nucleus before disease onset, or exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) at disease end stage.The capacity to generate phrenic motor output in anesthetized rats at disease end stage was: (1) transiently restored by a single presentation of AIH; and (2) preserved ipsilateral to hNPC transplants made before disease onset. hNPC transplants improved ipsilateral phrenic motor neuron survival.AIH-induced respiratory plasticity and stem cell therapy have complementary translational potential to treat breathing deficits in patients with ALS.
Reduced aortocoronary sinus extraction of epinephrine in patients with left ventricular failure secondary to long-term pressure or volume overload.
Authors: C P Rose, J H Burgess, D Cousineau
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Heart failure is associated with a reduction in tissue norepinephrine concentration, catecholamine fluorescence, and tyrosine hydroxylase activity. We hypothesized that this attrition of sympathetic nerve function might also be associated with a reduction in the ability of the neuronal membrane to sequester catecholamines. Since the heart does not release epinephrine, the cardiac extraction of epinephrine should be an index of the membrane uptake system. In 12 patients with documented left ventricular failure (pulmonary edema) secondary to mechanical overload and in 10 patients with no history of heart failure, we measured simultaneous plasma catecholamine concentrations in the aorta, coronary sinus, and femoral vein. The aortocoronary sinus extraction of epinephrine was 43 +/- 17% in the group with no evidence of heart failure but 0 +/- 14% in the group with failure. Net norepinephrine outflow (release minus extraction) was significantly higher in the group with failure, possibly because of reduced extraction. There was neither a reduction in the ability of the lower limb to extract epinephrine nor an increased norepinephrine outflow from the limb. These findings suggest that the sympathetic neuronal membrane uptake system is also depressed in the failing heart and that if the mechanism of catecholamine sequestration in the heart is related to that in the lower limb, the ablation of sympathetic nerve function is specific to the heart and is not a result of a generalized depression of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.
Efficacy, Tolerability and Safety of Propiverine Hydrochloride in Children and Adolescents with Congenital or Traumatic Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ute Grigoleit, Gerd Mürtz, Sebastian Laschke, Matthias Schuldt, Mark Goepel, Guus Kramer, Manfred Stöhrer
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Clinical and communication skills
Authors: Jane Kidd, Vinod Patel, Ed Peile, Yvonne Carter
Journal: BMJ (2005)

][8][9][10][11] This risk, in addition to the lack of data on the long term implications of exposing a developing brain to antidepressant drugs, 12 should discourage the routine prescribing of antidepressant drugs in children and adolescents.
THE PRESENT STATUS OF SPINAL SURGERY.
Authors: SAMUEL LLOYD
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In considering the subject of the surgery of the spine, it must be remembered that when I wrote my former papers, in 1891 and 1892, certain propositions were still debatable which have now been distinctly settled, so that we are able to reach much more definite conclusions. In my paper on "Laminectomy for Pott's Disease with Paraplegia," after tabulating 75 cases, I said that personally I could not see any very brilliant future for it. It can be applicable to less than 50 per cent of the cases of Pott's disease, as proved by the statistics of Gibney and Myers, and even in this small number its application is limited again to those cases where the compression has not produced a complete degeneration of the cord. Still, it is not by any means to be relegated to the obsolete class of operations. It has a place, and that place, I
Protein Kinase A Phosphorylation at Serine-2808 of the Cardiac Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor) Does Not Dissociate 12.6-kDa FK506-Binding Protein (FKBP12.6)
Authors: Bailong Xiao, Cindy Sutherland, Michael P. Walsh, S.R. Wayne Chen
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Dissociation of FKBP12.6 from the cardiac Ca 2+ -release channel (RyR2) as a consequence of protein kinase A (PKA) hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 at a single amino acid residue, serine-2808, has been proposed as an important mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction in heart failure. However, the issue of whether PKA phosphorylation of RyR2 can dissociate FKBP12.6 from RyR2 is controversial. To additionally address this issue, we investigated the effect of PKA phosphorylation and mutations at serine-2808 of RyR2 on recombinant or native FKBP12.6-RyR2 interaction. Site-specific antibodies, which recognize the serine-2808 phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated form of RyR2, were used to unambiguously correlate the phosphorylation state of RyR2 at serine-2808 with its ability to bind FKBP12.6. We found that FKBP12.6 can bind to both the serine-2808 phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of RyR2. The S2808D mutant thought to mimic constitutive phosphorylation also retained the ability to bind FKBP12.6. Complete phosphorylation at serine-2808 by exogenous PKA disrupted neither the recombinant nor native FKBP12.6-RyR2 complex. Furthermore, binding of site-specific antibodies to the serine-2808 phosphorylation site did not dissociate FKBP12.6 from or prevent FKBP12.6 from binding to RyR2. Taken together, our results do not support the notion that PKA phosphorylation at serine-2808 dissociates FKBP12.6 from RyR2.
Are Spouses of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at Increased Risk of Developing Diabetes?
Authors: Asya Khan, Shawarna S. Lasker, Tahseen A. Chowdhury
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

To determine whether spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of diabetes compared with spouses of subjects with normal glucose tolerance.A random sample of spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes (group 1S) attending a general practice diabetes clinic was compared with spouses of nondiabetic subjects (as determined by oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT]) (group 2S). Spouses in both groups underwent OGTT, fasting lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP) measurements.A total of 245 subjects in group 1S and 234 subjects in group 2S underwent OGTT. Group 1S had a significantly higher incidence of fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes (19.1 vs. 9.4%). Group 1S also had higher fasting glucose and triglyceride levels, higher BMI, and a trend toward higher BP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for BMI and age, showed the risk of diabetes in the spouse of a patient with diabetes was 2.11 (95% CI 1.74-5.1), as compared with the spouse of a subject with normal glucose tolerance. Similarly, the risk of any degree of glucose intolerance in a spouse of a patient with type 2 diabetes was 2.32 (1.87-3.98), as compared with a spouse of a subject with normal glucose tolerance.Spouses of patients with type 2 diabetes have a significantly increased risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes, and they should be classified as high risk for diabetes. This finding has implications for screening programs, which should include spouses of subjects with diabetes.
Who needs clinical pharmacology?
Authors: P. Routledge
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> <i>De novo</i> inference of clinically relevant gene function relationships from tumor RNA-seq remains a challenging task. Current methods typically either partition patient samples into a few subtypes or rely upon analysis of pairwise gene correlations (co-expression) that will miss some groups in noisy data. Leveraging higher dimensional information can be expected to increase the power to discern targetable pathways, but this is commonly thought to be an intractable computational problem. <h3>Methods</h3> In this work we adapt a recently developed machine learning algorithm, CorEx, that efficiently optimizes over multivariate mutual information for sensitive detection of complex gene relationships. The algorithm can be iteratively applied to generate a hierarchy of latent factors. Patients are stratified relative to each factor and combinatoric survival analyses are performed and interpreted in the context of biological function annotations and protein network interactions that might be utilized to match patients to multiple therapies. <h3>Results</h3> Analysis of ovarian tumor RNA-seq samples demonstrates the algorithm’s power to infer well over one hundred biologically interpretable gene cohorts, several times more than standard methods such as hierarchical clustering and k-means. The CorEx factor hierarchy is also informative, with related but distinct gene clusters grouped by upper nodes. Some latent factors correlate with patient survival, including one for a pathway connected with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer that is regulated by a potentially druggable microRNA. Further, combinations of factors lead to a synergistic survival advantage in some cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to studies that attempt to partition patients into a small number of subtypes (typically 4 or fewer) for treatment purposes, our approach utilizes subgroup information for combinatoric transcriptional phenotyping. Considering only the 66 gene expression groups that are both found to have significant Gene Ontology enrichment and are small enough to indicate specific drug targets implies a computational phenotype for ovarian cancer that allows for 3<sup>66</sup> possible patient profiles, enabling truly personalized treatment. The findings here demonstrate a new technique that sheds light on the complexity of gene expression dependencies in tumors and could eventually enable the use of patient RNA-seq profiles for selection of personalized and effective cancer treatments.
Founder mutation in dystonin-e underlying autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex in Kuwait
Authors: T. Takeichi, A. Nanda, L. Liu, S. Aristodemou, J.R. McMillan, K. Sugiura, M. Akiyama, H. Al-Ajmi, M.A. Simpson, J.A. McGrath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Founder mutation in dystonin‐e underlying autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex in Kuwait Get access T. Takeichi, T. Takeichi St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London Guy's Hospital Great Maze Pond London SE1 9RT U.KDepartment of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Nanda, A. Nanda As'ad Al‐Hamad Dermatology Center Al‐Sabah Hospital Kuwait Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Liu, L. Liu The National Diagnostic EB Laboratory Viapath St Thomas' Hospital London U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Aristodemou, S. Aristodemou The National Diagnostic EB Laboratory Viapath St Thomas' Hospital London U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. McMillan, J.R. McMillan The National Diagnostic EB Laboratory Viapath St Thomas' Hospital London U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Sugiura, K. Sugiura Department of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Akiyama, M. Akiyama Department of Dermatology Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Al‐Ajmi, H. Al‐Ajmi As'ad Al‐Hamad Dermatology Center Al‐Sabah Hospital Kuwait Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. Simpson, M.A. Simpson Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine King's College London Guy's Hospital Great Maze Pond London SE1 9RT U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. McGrath J.A. McGrath St John's Institute of Dermatology King's College London Guy's Hospital Great Maze Pond London SE1 9RT U.K Correspondence John McGrath. E‐mail: john.mcgrath@kcl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 2, 1 February 2015, Pages 527–531, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13294 Published: 01 February 2015