tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Earthquake Relief — The U.S. Medical Response in Bam, Iran
Authors: Jay J Schnitzer, Susan M Briggs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The magnitude-6.6 earthquake in Bam, Iran, struck at 5:26 a.m. local time on December 26, 2003, while most people were asleep in their homes. It destroyed much of the city. The human and physical devastation was staggering, with 41,000 people presumed to be dead, tens of thousands injured, and nearly all survivors among the original 100,000 inhabitants left homeless. The international response was swift and considerable: ultimately, more than 40 international teams provided search and rescue services, while the Iranians coordinated the evacuation effort locally and nationally. Everyone worked together, motivated not by politics, but by the need to help. . . .
Highly homologous T-cell receptor beta sequences support a common target for autoreactive T cells in most patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Lucia Gargiulo, Sonia Lastraioli, Giannamaria Cerruti, Martina Serra, Fabrizio Loiacono, Simona Zupo, Lucio Luzzatto, Rosario Notaro
Journal: Blood (2007)
Noninvasive Assessment of Left Internal Mammary Artery Graft Patency Using Transthoracic Echocardiography
Authors: James J. Crowley, Leonard M. Shapiro
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Cardiac catheterization is the only practical method of assessing internal mammary artery graft patency. A noninvasive method would be useful in patients with recurrence of anginal symptoms after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. We hypothesized that transthoracic echocardiography could provide information on blood velocity and anatomy and therefore has the potential to allow measurement of blood flow. Methods and Results High-frequency (5 MHz) transthoracic echocardiography was performed on 41 consecutive patients (mean age, 67±6 years) who had had left internal mammary artery grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and were undergoing coronary angiography because of recurrence of anginal symptoms. The results were compared with those from 19 patients (mean age, 58±11 years) in whom an ungrafted left internal mammary artery was assessed and with those from 15 patients (mean age, 61±12 years) who had angiographically normal coronary arteries in whom the LAD was studied. Doppler velocity profiles of the left internal mammary graft were obtained in 35 of the 41 study patients (81%). In all cases, a biphasic pattern of blood flow was recorded that corresponded to systole and diastole. Two different flow patterns were observed. In 25 patients with a normal graft or moderate (&lt;70%) stenosis (group A), blood flow velocity was maximal during diastole. This pattern was also seen in the LAD control group. In 10 patients with severe (&gt;70%) graft stenosis (group B), blood velocity was maximal during systole, and low velocities were recorded during diastole. This pattern was also seen in the ungrafted internal mammary artery control group. The diastolic fraction of the velocity time integrals for group A was 0.77±0.07 and for group B was 0.27±0.01 ( P &lt;.05). A diastolic velocity time integral fraction &lt;0.5 predicted severe stenosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The ratio of systolic-to-diastolic peak velocities for group A was 0.54±0.26 and for group B was 3.45±0.74 ( P &lt;.05). A systolic-to-diastolic peak velocity ratio &gt;1 predicted severe stenosis with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85%. Mean graft blood flow was 63±21 mL/min. There was no significant difference in mean blood flow between any of the patient groups studied. Conclusions High-frequency transthoracic echocardiography allows identification of the left internal mammary grafts and measurement of blood flow. Compared with patent grafts or those with moderate lesions, severe stenoses demonstrated different Doppler velocity patterns. Use of this technique may allow noninvasive detection of significant stenoses of the left internal mammary artery graft.
Noninvasive evaluation of the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow in atrial septal defect by duplex Doppler echocardiography.
Authors: A Kitabatake, M Inoue, M Asao, H Ito, T Masuyama, J Tanouchi, T Morita, M Hori, H Yoshima, K Ohnishi
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs) was noninvasively evaluated by duplex Doppler echocardiography in 22 patients with atrial septal defects (ASDs). Right and left ventricular stroke volumes (RSV, LSV) were determined from the recordings of ejection blood flow velocity and diameter at the level of the pulmonary and aortic orifices in each ventricular outflow tract. The ratio RSV/LSV, determined by the duplex Doppler echocardiography, was compared with Qp/Qs by oximetry. The RSV/LSV for 10 normal subjects was 0.99 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD), whereas the RSV/LSV for patients with ASD, 2.26 +/- 0.63, was significantly higher than that for normal subjects (p less than .01). In patients with ASD, a fairly good correlation was found between RSV/LSV and Qp/Qs (r = .92, p less than .01; y = 1.11x - 0.30), and this high correlation was found even in patients with complications such as pulmonary hypertension, mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, Eisenmenger complex, and ventricular septal defect. We also found that semilunar valve regurgitation modified the value of RSV/LSV in accordance with the degree of regurgitation. These findings indicate that, with a few limitations, the Doppler index RSV/LSV is clinically useful in the estimation of the magnitude of the shunt flow in patients with ASD and that the limitations could be overcome by additional Doppler examination.
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF APICAL ANEURYSM ON CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Eun Kyoung Kim, Sang-Chol Lee, Hye Bin Gwag, Sung-A Chang, Sung-Ji Park, Seung Woo Park, Sung Mok Kim, Yeon Hyeon Choe, Jae K Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Scottish GP practices need to beef up online presence, think tank says
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Family doctors in Scotland have been urged to make better use of online services to improve access for patients.

Research carried out by an independent think tank, Reform Scotland, has found that only two thirds of Scottish practices have a website and just one in 10 allow appointments to be booked online.1

This is despite a toolkit developed by the Royal …
The Clinical Practice of Nephrology
Authors: Dhirendra S. Bana
Journal: JAMA (1990)

As a companion to problem-oriented volume 2 of the Nephrology Today Series, this volume covers fundamentals in the clinical practice of nephrology. The book includes the work of 30 authors and is intended for general practitioners, medical students, residents, and nephrologists preparing for lectures. Overall, it is well written and covers the topics of diagnostic methods, common syndromes (acute nephritic syndrome, acute renal failure, chronic failure, and nephrotic syndrome), pediatric, pregnancy- and geriatric-related problems, major entities in renal diseases (primary glomerular diseases, systemic glomerulopathies, tubulointerstitial diseases, renal vascular diseases), and the management of nephrotic disorders. The material is organized in ways that make it more accessible. For example, the instructions for the creatinine clearance test, the short acid load procedure, and the dehydration and vasopressin-stimulation procedure are provided in convenient tables. Similarly, essential information about the causes of idiopathic and secondary nephrotic syndrome is neatly outlined in concise tabular format.
The first demonstration of lactic acid in human blood in shock by Johann Joseph Scherer (1814–1869) in January 1843
Authors: E. J. O. Kompanje, T. C. Jansen, B. van der Hoven, J. Bakker
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

Lactic acid was first found and described in sour milk by Karl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786) in 1780. The German physician–chemist Johann Joseph Scherer (1841–1869) demonstrated the occurrence of lactic acid in human blood under pathological conditions in 1843 and 1851. In this article we honour the forgotten observations by Scherer and describe the influence of Scherer's finding on further research on lactic acid at the end of the 19th century. We conclude that Scherer's 1843 case reports should be cited as the first description of lactic acid in human blood after death and also as the first demonstration of lactic acid as a pathological finding in septic and haemorrhagic shock. Carl Folwarczny was, in 1858, the first to demonstrate lactic acid in blood in a living patient.
Silica-induced inflammasome activation in lung epithelial cells
Authors: Paul Peeters, Tim Perkins, Niki Reynaert, Brooke Mossman, Emiel Wouters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Introduction and objectives:   In myeloid cells the inflammasome plays a crucial role in innate immune defenses against pathogen- and danger-associated patterns such as crystalline silica. Respirable mineral particles impinge upon the lung epithelium causing irreversible damage, sustained inflammation and silicosis. In this study we investigated lung epithelial cells as a target for silica-induced inflammasome activation.   Methods:   Primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) were exposed to toxic but nonlethal doses of crystalline silica over time to perform functional characterization of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-33 and HMGB1. Gene expression microarray, quantitative RT-PCR, BioPlex analysis, caspase-1 enzyme activity assay, western blot techniques and cytokine specific ELISA were performed.   Results:   We were able to show particle uptake by lung epithelial cells, transcriptional and translational upregulation of the components of the NLRP3 intracellular platform, as well as activation of caspase-1. This activation furthermore led to maturation of pro-IL-1β to secreted IL-1β, and a significant increase in the unconventional release of alarmins such as IL-33 and HMGB1. Small interfering RNA experiments using siNLRP3 revealed the pivotal role of the inflammasome in diminished release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, danger molecules and growth factors.   Conclusion:   Our novel data indicate the presence and functional activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by crystalline silica in human lung epithelial cells, which prolongs an inflammatory signal mediating a cadre of lung diseases.
Abstract 2343: Role of calreticulin in the regulation of MALAT-1 expression in mouse adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Hamid Massaeli, Divya Viswanathan, Dhanya Pillai, Nasrin Mesaeli
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Calreticulin (CRT) is a ubiquitously expressed protein, with both calcium binding and chaperone activity. CRT is involved in quality control process during the folding and maturation of proteins in ER. Recently, we showed that overexpression of CRT resulted in the development of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. In order to examine genes involved in the development of lung cancer we carried out microarray analysis on RNA isolated from mouse lung tumors versus control. In this screen we observed a significant increase in long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) MALAT-1 in the lungs of CRT overexpressing mouse models. MALAT-1 is a LncRNA that has been documented to be upregulated in the human lung adenocarcinoma and associated with metastasis. Our study was to investigate the mechanism of regulation of MALAT-1 expression and role of CRT in this process. We hypothesized that CRT as a regulator of intracellular calcium regulated MALAT-1 expression thus inducing the development of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in our mice model. Our data showed a significant correlation between intracellular calcium levels and MATAT-1 RNA expression and stability. Treatment of adenocarcinoma cells with BAPTA-AM resulted in a significant reduction in MALAT-1 level. Treating the cells with thapsigargin induced a 2 fold increase in MALAT-1 expression. We also demonstrated that knock down of MALA-1 expression using specific siRNA reduces the proliferation of adenocarcinoma cell. Our data demonstrate for the first time involvement of calcium binding protein CRT and intracellular level of calcium on expression and stability of MALAT-1 involved in development of lung adenocarcinoma. Funded by NPRP4-043-3-016 Citation Format: Hamid Massaeli, Divya Viswanathan, Dhanya Pillai, Nasrin Mesaeli. Role of calreticulin in the regulation of MALAT-1 expression in mouse adenocarcinoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2343. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2343
P229 Choose and book: not a patient-centred service?
Authors: L. O'Byrne, N. Roberts, M. R. Partridge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> As part of another study we monitored Choose and Book (C&amp;B) referrals attending our respiratory clinic and asked their views on their referral process. High non-attendance and limited patient choice with the C&amp;B system has previously been observed elsewhere, despite it being intended as a patient-centred service enhancement. We sought to gain insight into non-attendance of C&amp;B referrals at our clinic by analysing the levels of satisfaction with the referral process expressed by those who attended. <h3>Method</h3> C&amp;B non-attendance/cancellation rates were calculated for the initial study recruitment period. Patients attending clinic were asked to confirm their referral route and their satisfaction with the referral system via a nurse-administered questionnaire. <h3>Results</h3> 47/57 (82.5%) C&amp;B patients attended clinic during the study recruitment period. 2/57 (3.5%) rearranged to a different clinic. 8/57 (14%) failed to attend or cancelled. 44/47 (93.6%) patients who attended clinic responded to the questionnaire. 18/44 (40.9%) patients reported limited or no choice regarding time/date or hospital location of the appointment. 4/18 (22.2%) said the appointment was arranged by their GP. A further 7/18 (38.9%) seemed unaware of the C&amp;B system or that they had a choice. 5/18 (27.8%) would have chosen a different hospital and 3/18 (16.7%) would have chosen a different date/time. 3/18 (16.7%) failed to get their preference using the online/telephone booking systems. In 12/44 (27.3%) cases the GP either made or assisted with the booking: 4/12 (33.3%) patients were happy for the GP to choose, 4/12 (33.3%) described a consultative process, 2/12 (16.7%) felt choice was limited and 2/12 (16.7%) made no additional comment. Only 16/44 (36.4%) mentioned using the telephone/online booking systems. 5/16 (31.3%) commented that the choice of dates or location that this provided was important to them. Patient reported problems with the systems included limited options and inflexibility when booking or rearranging appointments and a lack of information. 12/44 (27.3%) specifically mentioned that they liked the choice and convenience the system offered. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings suggest that a high proportion of respiratory patients do not exercise true choice with Choose and Book. This supports observations in other patient groups. System and process obstacles seem to be exacerbated by lack of patient awareness and may be contributing to high non-attendance rates.
Lysosomal enzyme delivery by ICAM-1-targeted nanocarriers bypassing glycosylation- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis
Authors: Silvia Muro, Edward H. Schuchman, Vladimir R. Muzykantov
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Enzyme replacement therapy, a state-of-the-art treatment for many lysosomal storage disorders, relies on carbohydrate-mediated binding of recombinant enzymes to receptors that mediate lysosomal delivery via clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Suboptimal glycosylation of recombinant enzymes and deficiency of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in some lysosomal enzyme-deficient cells limit delivery and efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal disorders. We explored a novel delivery strategy utilizing nanocarriers targeted to a glycosylation- and clathrin-independent receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, a glycoprotein expressed on diverse cell types, up-regulated and functionally involved in inflammation, a hallmark of many lysosomal disorders. We targeted recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), deficient in types A and B Niemann–Pick disease, to ICAM-1 by loading this enzyme to nanocarriers coated with anti-ICAM. Anti-ICAM/ASM nanocarriers, but not control ASM or ASM nanocarriers, bound to ICAM-1-positive cells (activated endothelial cells and Niemann–Pick disease patient fibroblasts) via ICAM-1, in a glycosylation-independent manner. Anti-ICAM/ASM nanocarriers entered cells via CAM-mediated endocytosis, bypassing the clathrin-dependent pathway, and trafficked to lysosomes, where delivered ASM displayed stable activity and alleviated lysosomal lipid accumulation. Therefore, lysosomal enzyme targeting using nanocarriers targeted to ICAM-1 bypasses defunct pathways and may improve the efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal disorders, such as Niemann–Pick disease.
Distinct Gene Expression–Defined Classes of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Umio Yamaguchi, Robert Nakayama, Kazufumi Honda, Hitoshi Ichikawa, Tadashi Hasegawa, Miki Shitashige, Masaya Ono, Ayako Shoji, Tomohiro Sakuma, Hideya Kuwabara, Yasuhiro Shimada, Mitsuru Sasako, Tadakazu Shimoda, Akira Kawai, Setsuo Hirohashi, Tesshi Yamada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose The majority of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can be cured by surgery alone, but relapse occurs in 20% to 40% of cases. GISTs are considered to invariably arise through gain of function KIT or PDGFA mutation of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). However, the genetic basis of the malignant progression of GISTs are poorly understood. Patients and Methods The expression levels of 54,613 probe sets in 32 surgical samples of untreated GISTs of the stomach and small intestine were analyzed with oligonucleotide microarrays. The representative GeneChip data were validated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results Unbiased hierarchical clustering consistently separated the 32 cases of GIST into two major classes according to tumor site. The two major classes were further separated into novel subclasses, which were significantly correlated with various pathological prognostic parameters, the frequency of metastasis (P &lt; .05), and clinical outcome. Immunohistochemical analysis of 152 independent patients with gastric GISTs revealed that the expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (T-cell activation antigen CD26) protein was significantly associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival (P &lt; .00001). Conclusion CD26 appears to be a reliable biomarker of malignant GISTs of the stomach. The postoperative recurrence rate of CD26-negative cases was as low as 2.0% (two of 102). Therefore, postoperative follow-up of such patients might be made less intensive. CD26 may play an important role in the malignant progression of gastric GISTs and serve as a therapeutic target.
Programs Aim to Help Schools Identify and Address Mental Illness in Children
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Irish Poor-law Medical Service: The Case for Inquiry
Authors: W. R. MacDermott
Journal: BMJ (1903)

E46,'1 -of such beverages is largely recommended or sanctioned, we have endeavoured to give authentic information as to the mode of manufacture, and as to chemical constituents, other 'than ethyl alcohol, of the spirit now so largely sold under the ,,ame of-whisky in England, in India, and in the Colonies.
A CASE OF MULTIPLE CUTANEOUS LEIOMYOMA
Authors: KENDAL P. FROST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Cutaneous leiomyoma is one of the great rarities of dermatologic entities. In 1907, Beatty<sup>1</sup>reported a case and stated that it was the twenty-seventh to be reported. Since the publication of his article, ten other cases have been reported in the available literature. Four other titles have been found, but the journals are not available; two of these may bring this total to twelve. Heidingsfeld<sup>2</sup>reported two cases, one probably arising in the smooth muscle cells of the vascular walls. MacLeod<sup>3</sup>reported a case in 1908; Fritz,<sup>4</sup>two cases in 1910; Engel,<sup>5</sup>one in 1912; Abramson,<sup>6</sup>one in 1913; Sequeira,<sup>7</sup>one in 1914, and another in 1920. Ormsby presented a case before the Chicago Dermatological Society, in 1923. This brings the total cases in the available literature to thirty-seven, or probably thirty-nine, counting the cases of Roth<sup>8</sup>and Dagonet,<sup>9</sup>and the
Is the Macroscopic Aspect of the Esophagus at Endoscopy Indicative of Reflux Esophagitis?
Authors: C. Hoyoux, P. Forget, N. Garzaniti, A. Goddet, F. Geubelle
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Gastroesophageal reflux was looked for in 51 children with chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD) using prolonged pH monitoring.
Public Attitudes and the Diagnosis of Death
Authors: John D. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The diagnosis of death has become a public concern for at least two reasons: (1) The use of donors in single-organ transplants results in death of the donor if it has not already occurred. (2) The use of life-support systems has frequently raised the public question of how and when death is determined. A historical review of selected lay attitudes toward the accuracy of the diagnosis of death suggests that under certain conditions, great public apprehension over this problem has occurred. One might expect this to be the case again if these problems are not carefully handled today. A study of current public attitudes suggests that certain types of reassurance will be necessary today if single-organ transplants become more widespread or if the basis of the diagnosis is substantially altered from that with which most of the public is familiar.