tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The mechanisms of iron uptake by fetal rat hepatocytes in culture
Authors: Deborah Trinder, Evan Morgan, Erica Baker
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The mechanisms of iron accumulation by cultured hepatocytes isolated from fetal rat liver (19 days gestation) were investigated using rat transferrin labeled with 125I and 59Fe. The rates of iron and transferrin internalization by the cells were measured by incubating the hepatocytes with the labeled transferrin at 37°C followed by treatment with pronase at 4°C to remove surface-bound transferrin and iron. Iron internalization increased linearly with time. Approximately 65% of the internalized iron was incorporated into ferritin. In contrast to iron, the rate of transferrin internalization was biphasic, with a rapid phase during the first 10 to 15 min and a second slower phase which becomes more apparent after that time. Iron and transferrin internalization were temperature-dependent. Chase experiments showed that the internalized transferrin donated all of its iron to the cell and was then released in a biphasic manner which was dependent on the time of preincubation with radiolabeled transferrin. These experiments showed that iron uptake occurs by at least three processes. The first mechanism involves the specific receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin. Each cell has an average of 7.8 ± 1.0×105 (mean ± SE, n = 5) transferrin binding sites with an apparent association constant of 2.0 ± 0.4×106 M−1. The second process is nonsaturable up to a transferrin concentration of at least 6 μM but like the specific process, also leads to accumulation of iron in excess of transferrin. It involves the endocytosis of transferrin mediated by 4.2×106 transferrin binding sites which have a K′a value of 2.6×105 M−1. Third, fluid-phase endocytosis of transferrin occurs at a rate of 0.13×104 molecules per cell per min at 1.25 μM transferrin concentration. This rate is not sufficient to account for the additional iron accumulated by the cells by the second process.
Malaria sporozoites actively enter and pass through rat Kupffer cells prior to hepatocyte invasion
Authors: Gabriele Pradel, Ute Frevert
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Malaria sporozoites have to cross the layer of sinusoidal liver cells to reach their initial site of multiplication in the mammalian host, the hepatocytes. To determine the sinusoidal cell type sporozoites use for extravasation, endothelia or Kupffer cells, we quantified sporozoite adhesion to and invasion of sinusoidal cells isolated from rat liver. In vitro invasion assays reveal that Plasmodium berghei and P. yoelii sporozoites attach to and enter Kupffer cells, but not sinusoidal endothelia. Unlike hepatocytes and other nonphagocytic cells, which are invaded in vitro only within the first hour of parasite exposure, the number of intracellular sporozoites in Kupffer cells increases for up to 12 hours. By confocal and electron microscopy, sporozoites are enclosed in a vacuole that does not colocalize with lysosomal markers. Inhibition of phagocytosis with gadolinium chloride has no effect on Kupffer cell invasion, but abolishes phagocytosis of inactivated sporozoites. Furthermore, sporozoites traverse in vitro from Kupffer cells to hepatocytes where they eventually develop into exoerythrocytic schizonts. Thus, malaria sporozoites selectively recognize and actively invade Kupffer cells, avoid phagosomal acidification, and safely passage through these phagocytes.
Reversal of dominance of the coronary arterial system in isolated aortic stenosis and bicuspid aortic valve.
Authors: C B Higgins, L Wexler
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The dominance of the coronary arterial system was determined angiographically in 75 adult patients with isolated aortic stenosis with or without insufficiency, 25 adult patients with pure aortic insufficiency, 51 adult patients with combined aortic stenosis and mitral valve disease, and 44 children with bicuspid aortic valves. There was an unusually high incidence of left dominance in adults with isolated aortic stenosis (36%) and in children with bicuspid aortic valves (56.8%). These findings suggest the existence of a variant developmental complex consisting of a bicuspid aortic valve and reversal of dominance of the coronary arterial system. Furthermore, it adds support to the concept that progressive stenosis of a bicuspid aortic valve is frequently the etiology of isolated aortic stenosis in adults.
Tumor Growth Rate as Diagnostic Test for Lung Cancer
Authors: William Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In Management of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: An Organized Approach Based on Growth Rate and Statistics (227:1141, 1974), Dr. M. Nathan proposed that the tumor volume doubling time be used for distinguishing benign from malignant pulmonary nodules. This idea may have merit. Unfortunately, in the course of his argument, Dr. Nathan misinterpreted some of our work that bears on the matter.  He incorrectly attributed to us (190:1103, 1964) a statement which he meant to refer to another paper ( Arch Intern Med 120:168, 1967) in which we presented data from our periodic screening project showing that the resection rate and three-year survival rate were better among men whose interval between the chest x-ray examination in which cancer was detected and the prior normal film was 6 to 12 months than among those whose interval was less than six months. This observation applied to lung cancers of all types, not
A CLINICAL STUDY OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES
Authors: BURTRUM C. SCHIELE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

The motilograph is an especially valuable measure of physiological rest if not of sleep. Comparisons of motility records with nurses' sleep charts have emphasized some of the objections that may be raised to the latter as an adequate picture of the patient's sleep, although they are the best routine measure available. A sharp distinction must be made, however, between motilogram measures and the nurse's sleep graph, as the two are poorly correlated and in many patients give widely different pictures. For purposes of scientific investigation of the sleep of patients, the motilogram or some other objective measure is greatly to be preferred. In any psychiatric ward the motilograph will be found useful as a special adjunct to therapeutic management and as a measure of the patient's progress.
Genomic Data Disclosure: Time to Reassess the Realities
Authors: Dov Greenbaum
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments The opinions provided within are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the author's law firm (Pearl Cohen Zedek Latzer LLP), the law firm's employees, or the law firm's clients.
CASE OF FATAL STRANGULATED HERNIA, MASKED BY A TUMOUR IN THE GROIN
Authors: J. Windsor
Journal: BMJ (1854)

red; thetlessnes continued.The s tratment Wa continued; and she wa ordered to have quinine in Epsom salts mixture.July 18th.She passed a bad night.There was occa.aional delirium.The skin was dusky; there was a diphtheritic pellicle on the fauces; deglutition was difficult.The throat was syringed.July 19th.The mental faculties were oppressed.July 20th.The throat was better; the pulse was steady; the skin less dusky; the bowels were confined; the right side of the face was flaccid, as if paralysed; voluntary power was not abrogated.Castor oil was ordered.July 21st.She appeared better; the skin was rough and chip-like.There was a discharge from the right ear.July 22nd.The discharge had ceased.July 23rd.The patient had convulsive fits last night, preceded by pains over the whole body.The pulse was quiet; the urine was abundant.She lay in a placid state.July 24th.Convulsive twitchings occurred in the night, and some to-day, of a less severe kind.Fretfulness pre- ceded the convulsive moments.There was paralysis of the right side of the face, and of the right eyelids.There was considerable swelling on the right side of the neck.The tongue was becoming clean; the urine was free.The head was ordered to be shaved, and two leeches to be applied to the temple.The treatment was continued; and she was directed to have porter in addition.July 25th.She was relieved by the leeching, and seemed better.There had been no more convulsions.The coun- tenance was almost natural.July 26th.There was a large abscess on the right side of the neck I made an incision into it.A small quantity only of pus escaped, in consequence of the insufficiency of the incision.July 27.th.There was a more free escape of pus.July 28th.Both sides of the neck were swelled.The distortions of the face were strongly marked.The health was improving.July 29th.She took food well.Bright blood came from her nose and throat, to the amount of three-quarters of a pint, as far as could be judged.Jy 30th.There was a free discharge of pus from the right side of the neck.July 31st.There was bright bleeding, at 8 P.M., from nose, estimated at one pint.It produced syncope.August 1st.There was no recurrence of hamorrhage.She seemed better, and ate cold bread and milk.Aug. 2nd.She passed a good night.At a quarter past 8 A.M., hvemorrhage, "to the amount of a quart", suddenly
Atrial Fibrillation and Thromboembolism: A Decade of Progress in Stroke Prevention
Authors: Robert G. Hart, Jonathan L. Halperin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Atrial fibrillation is associated with a sixfold increased risk for stroke. More than a dozen published randomized trials of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents for stroke prevention provide solid evidence on which to base antithrombotic prophylaxis. Adjusted-dose warfarin reduces risk for stroke by about 60% compared with placebo, aspirin reduces this risk (primarily for nondisabling stroke) by about 20% compared with placebo, and warfarin reduces it by about 40% compared with aspirin. Warfarin provides maximal protection against stroke at international normalized ratios of 2.0 to 3.0. Risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation identifies those who potentially benefit most or least from anticoagulation; this is important because a substantial percentage of patients with atrial fibrillation have relatively low rates of stroke if they are given aspirin. Many elderly patients with recurrent intermittent atrial fibrillation experience high rates of stroke and benefit from anticoagulation. The value of precordial or transesophageal echocardiography in addition to clinical risk stratifiers for stratifying stroke risk is controversial. Altered hemostasis favoring thrombosis may contribute to formation of atrial appendage thrombus, but these conditions remain ill defined. The past decade has brought unprecedented progress toward understanding thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and has changed the clinical perspective of a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia into an important opportunity for stroke prevention. Making the most of this promise calls for appreciation of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation and the concept of risk specificity in the face of diverse therapeutic options.
Enhanced expression of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcϵRI) α chain in human allergen-induced rhinitis with co-localization to mast cells, macrophages, eosinophils, and dendritic cells☆☆☆★
Authors: Karalasingam Rajakulasingam, Stephen R. Durham, Fiona O'Brien, Mark Humbert, Luis T. Barata, Lisa Reece, A.Barry Kay, J.Andrew Grant
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Animal research: the need for a middle ground
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Many countries, including Britain, suffer from grossly oversimplified debates on important issues like drugs, crime and punishment, genetically modified foods, and animal research. Are you for or against? Sign here. Yet none of these issues is moved forward by such polarised arguments. The British debate on animal research currently features people in balaclavas using every tactic, including illegal and violent ones, to close down animal research institutes pitted against intimidated scientists arguing that no progress can be made in treating serious human diseases without animal research. We need more understanding of the complexities of animal research and a greater concentration on where we agree.

Can any of us imagine a world where animals were not used for food, clothing, or transport, where we had no pets, where rats and other vermin were not controlled, and where an ape, or even a fly, was regarded as the moral equal of the Archbishop of Canterbury? Most of us can't, and many people in Britain accept the need for some animal research.1 Yet most of us would not tolerate a world where animals had no rights and could be exploited for whatever cause. We thus have to find some middle …
O20 EARLY, UNEXPECTED LIVER FAILURE AFTER TIPS PLACEMENT IN CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS WITH GOOD LIVER FUNCTION (MELD ≤12): INCIDENCE, OUTCOME AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
Authors: A. Luca, R. Miraglia, L. Maruzzelli, G. Vizzini, F. Tuzzolino, M. Milazzo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Studies on the Intracerebral Toxicity of Ammonia*
Authors: Steven Schenker, David W. McCandless, Edward Brophy, Michael S. Lewis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Interference with cerebral energy metabolism due to excess ammonia has been postulated as a cause of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, consideration of the neurologic basis of such features of hepatic encephalopathy as asterixis, decerebrate rigidity, hyperpnea, and coma suggests a malfunction of structures in the base of the brain and their cortical connections. The three major sources of intracerebral energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine, and glucose, as well as glycogen, were assayed in brain cortex and base of rats given ammonium acetate with resultant drowsiness at 5 minutes and subsequent coma lasting at least 30 minutes. Cortical ATP and phosphocreatine remained unaltered during induction of coma. By contrast, basilar ATP, initially 1.28 +/- 0.15 mumoles per g, was unchanged at 2.5 minutes but fell by 28.1, 27.3, and 26.6% (p < 0.001) at 5, 15, and 30 minutes after NH(4)Ac. At comparable times, basilar phosphocreatine fell more strikingly by 62.2, 96, 77.1, and 71.6% (p < 0.001) from a control level of 1.02 +/- 0.38 mumoles per g. These basilar changes could not be induced by anesthesia, psychomotor stimulation, or moderate hypoxia and were not due to increased accumulation of ammonia in the base. Glucose and glycogen concentrations in both cortex and base fell significantly but comparably during development of stupor, and prevention of the cerebral glucose decline by pretreatment with glucose did not obviate ammonia-induced coma or the basilar ATP fall. These findings represent the first direct evidence that toxic doses of ammonia in vivo acutely affect cerebral energy metabolism and that this effect is preferentially localized to the base of the brain.
The Use of the Electroencephalogram in the Evaluation of Head Trauma
Authors: Vincent P. Perlo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE electroencephalogram plays an important part in the neurologic evaluation of patients who have suffered head trauma. There is, in general, a correlation between the severity of head trauma and degree of electroencephalographic abnormality subsequently found. When the electroencephalogram is abnormal after a head injury, clinical improvement is usually accompanied by return of cerebral electric activity toward normal. When significant head trauma is associated with a normal electroencephalographic pattern soon after injury, the possibility of serious brain damage is remote. A normal electroencephalogram allows the clinician to feel secure when he is faced with distressing complaints of headache, dizziness, insomnia, . . .
Doctors should have ready access to sites about rare diseases on world wide web
Authors: M. Briggs, J. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—In his commentary on the white paper Wyatt criticises the proposed NHS clinical information services for failing to provide for electronic access by all doctors to the knowledge they need to do their work, including up to date evidence based textbooks, directories, and full text journal articles.1 This is a missed opportunity for helping doctors assessing and meeting the health needs of the myriad groups of patients with rare or uncommon diseases, for whom problems in …
A novel case of acute myeloid leukemia of M0 form with t(10;11)(p13;q21)
Authors: Tamotsu Yamagami, Haruo Sugiyama, Hiroyasu Ogawa, Tatsuro Matsunashi, Koichi Sasaki, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Masafumi Taniwaki, Tatsuo Abe
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)
Influenza A(H1N1) and Pandemic Preparedness Under the Rule of International Law
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Ventricular Septal Defect and Patent Ductus Arteriosus on Left Ventricular Pressure in Complete Transposition of the Great Vessels
Authors: REDA SHAHER, LANGFORD KIDD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The relationship between the pressures in the left and right ventricles was examined in 80 infants and children who had complete transposition of the great vessels and in whom the presence of a ventricular septal defect or a patent ductus arteriosus was known. All children with obstruction to left ventricular outflow have been excluded. It was found that 92% (34 of 37) of the children with transposition and a ventricular septal defect had left ventricular pressures greater than 70% of the systemic, while 45% (10 of 22) of those with a patent ductus and only 5% (1 of 21) with a closed ventricular septum and no ductus, had pressures in this range. Seventy-six per cent (16 of 21) of the children in this last group had left ventricular pressures less than 50% of the systemic pressure. It is concluded that infants with transposition of the great vessels and a ventricular septal defect stand in high risk of developing obstructive pulmonary vascular disease and therapy should be guided accordingly.
Carcinoma of the breast. Stage II--radiation range. Comment: are metastases and lymphedema radiation-induced?
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The advantages of radiation therapy as an adjunct to surgery in order to increase survival must not be offset by its complications. Numerous reports argue that postoperative irradiation does more harm than good in that the increase in survival has not been regularly demonstrated and the radiation sequelae are progressive and debilitating. In fact, if the evidence for a significant rate of serious radiation complications was established, the routine use of radiotherapy clearly should be abandoned. The most incriminating report of the use of postoperative irradiation in breast cancer is Dao and Kovaric's<sup>28</sup>contention that postoperative irradiation increased the incidence of pulmonary and skin metastases. In a series of 354 cases of operable breast cancer, they noted that the incidence of ipsilateral pulmonary metastases and skin metastases following mastectomy alone was 14% and 34%, respectively, as compared to an incidence of 37% and 42% after mastectomy and postoperative irradiation.
Posterior circulation stroke: still a Cinderella disease
Authors: H. C. A. Emsley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> Anthracyclines are well established as highly efficacious antineoplastic agents for childhood malignancy, but they frequently cause dose-related cardiotoxicity. For this reason, children who have received anthracyclines need periodical cardiac evaluation. The plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been shown to increase in proportion to severity of cardiac dysfunction. N-terminal BNP (NT-pro-BNP) is secreted from the cardiac ventricles in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. The aim of our study was to investigate whether plasma levels of NT-pro-BNP and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) can be used as specific markers for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in children with malignancy. <h3>METHODS:</h3> We performed the study in Dicle University Hospital, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology clinic. Were measured plasma NT-pro-BNP and cTnI in 31 patients (14 boys and 17 girls) who received doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy for their malignancy at cumulative doses of 30-600 mg/m2, between October 2000 and December 2004. Cardiac evaluation of the patients included recording of electrocardiography and assessment of systolic and diastolic functions of the heart by echocardiography. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Of the 31 patients, 4 (12.9%) had left ventricular dysfunction as assessed by echocardiography. Plasma NT-pro-BNP levels in these patients were significantly elevated in comparison with healthy controls (p&lt;0.001). Plasma NT-pro-BNP levels were significantly elevated in patients with cardiac dysfunction when compared with normal cardiac function (p&lt;0.008). The cTnI levels were found under normal value in all patients. <h3>CONCLUSION:</h3> Measurement of NT-pro-BNP level may be an easy and practical tool, and during treatment may allow earlier-identification of individuals at risk for monitoring cardiac damage. Plasma NT-pro-BNP concentration may be a useful and sensitive indicator of cardiac dysfunction in children receiving doxorubicin therapy.
Observations on the Natural History of Pulmonary Artery Coarctations
Authors: W. JAY ELDREDGE, JON B. TINGELSTAD, LOUISE W. ROBERTSON, H. PAGE MAUCK, CAROLYN M. MCCUE
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Seventeen of a series of 70 patients with coarctation of the pulmonary artery underwent serial cardiac catheterizations from 2.0 to 12.4 years apart. Main pulmonary artery pressures were measured in all patients, and the values from each study were compared. A change in pressure in the main pulmonary artery was considered to reflect a change in the distal pulmonary artery obstruction. Seven patients with no other associated cardiac defects, four with associated pulmonary valve disease, and six with associated left-to-right shunts all demonstrated little change in main pulmonary artery pressures between the two studies. These data substantiate the observation that pulmonary artery coarctations represent a nonprogressive form of congenital heart disease in which the severity of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow does not increase with age.