tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contact allergy to a reaction product in HirudoidR cream: an example of compound allergy
Authors: G. SMEENK, H.P.M. KERCKHOFFS, P.H.M. SCHREURS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

We have investigated patients with a contact allergy to Hirudoid cream. The hypersensitivity reactions appeared to be due to an allergy to the cream base, but the separate ingredients did not give rise to positive patch test reactions. The hypersensitivity proved to be due to an allergy to a reaction product, and the simultaneous presence of the preservatives 1,3,5-trihydroxyethylhexahydrotriazine and thymol was found to be necessary for the occurrence of a positive patch test reaction. A new allergen was found to be formed by the reaction between thymol and the degradation products of the triazine derivative. This allergen was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy as 3-(hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-8-(2-methylethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazi ne.
A prospective randomized trial of ceftazidime versus netilmicin plus mezlocillin in the empirical therapy of presumed sepsis in cirrhotic patients
Authors: P A McCormick, L Greenslade, C C Kibbler, J K Chin, A K Burroughs, N McIntyre
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Aminoglycosides are frequently used to treat sepsis in patients with liver disease. However, it has been suggested that cirrhotic patients are particularly sensitive to aminoglycoside-induced renal dysfunction. We investigated the efficacy and incidence of renal impairment with netilmicin plus mezlocillin compared with ceftazidime in 128 cirrhotic patients who required empirical treatment for sepsis. Renal impairment developed in 8 of 63 (13%) patients receiving netilmicin compared with 2 of 65 (3%) patients receiving ceftazidime ( P &lt; .05); it occurred despite regular monitoring of trough netilmicin levels. Renal impairment was present at the time of death in 1 of 13 (8%) patients treated with ceftazidime compared with 5 of 9 (56%) of the netilmicin patients ( P &lt; .05). Mortality rates were similar in the two groups (ceftazidime 20%, aminoglycoside 14%; P = NS). Renal dysfunction is significantly more frequent in cirrhotic patients treated with netilmicin but with careful attention to dosage and fluid management the clinical effect is likely to be relatively modest.
New Biomimetic Directions in Regenerative Ophthalmology
Authors: David W. Green, Gregory S. Watson, Jolanta Watson, Samuel J. K. Abraham
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract One of the most complete and permanent ways of treating many causes of visual impairment and blindness is to replace the entire affected tissue with pre‐cultured ocular tissues supported and maintained on biomaterial frameworks. One direction towards enhancing ocular tissue regeneration on biomaterials, in the laboratory is by applying biomimicry. Specifically to engineer biomaterials with important functional elements of the native extracellular matrices, such as topography, that support and organise cells into coherent tissues. Further problems in regenerative ophthalmology can be potentially solved through application of biomimicry. They include, more efficient ways of moving and transplanting cultivated tissues into correct therapeutic locations inside the eye and scar‐less, non‐destructive healing of surgical incisions and wounds, to repair structural integrity of tissues at the ocular surface. Two examples are given to show this potential for redeveloping an ocular epithelium onto a nanostructured insect wing surface and producing an origami membrane modelled on deployable structures in nature. Efforts to harness natural innovation will eventually provide unique designs and structures that cannot for now be made synthetically, for regeneration of clinically acceptable ocular tissues.
Efficacy of Acupuncture on Osteoarthritic Pain
Authors: Albert C. Gaw, Lennig W. Chang, Lein-Chun Shaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Forty patients, randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group, participated in a double-blind study to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in reducing chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis. The experimental group received treatment at standard acupuncture points, and the control group at placebo points. Analysis before and after treatment showed a significant (P less than 0.05) improvement in tenderness and subjective report of pain in both groups as evaluated by two independent observers and in activity by one observer. Comparison of responses to treatment between the two groups showed no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference. Thus, both experimental and control groups showed a reduction in pain after the treatments. These results may reflect the natural course of illness, and various attitudinal and social factors.
REPORTING VENEREAL DISEASE
Authors: William J. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Recently, a resident at one of the nation's leading hospitals diagnosed dark-field positive, primary syphilis in a young man. Immediately after the diagnosis was made, the doctor telephoned his local health department to report the case and request epidemiologic assistance. The patient was interviewed that same day by a trained venereal disease health department representative. As a result of the interview, five sex contacts were located and examined. In one, secondary syphilis was diagnosed at the local health department clinic. This infected patient, in turn, was interviewed for her sex partners, and in three additional young men diagnoses of either primary or secondary syphilis were made, while a fourth was found to have been previously treated for primary syphilis by a private physician—the private physician had not reported the case to the health department. When the medical history of this unreported patient was studied, it became apparent, from reviewing the
Electronic Fetal Monitoring-Reply
Authors: Orvan W. Hess
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  Comments in my communication alluding to Drs Banta and Thacker relate to reports in the Washington Daily News and other media after news release of  views of EFM based on their extensive review of the literature. Opinions I express are the result of my involvement in the development and use of EFM since its inception nearly two decades ago.   list of references submitted by Banta and Thacker contains articles (1,4,5,6) that had not yet been published when my article was written or included among 253 references cited in a report of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Consensus Conference on Antenatal Diagnosis (March 1979). Drs Banta and Thacker failed to refer to the detailed critique of  unpublished manuscript, Costs and Benefits of EFM: A review of the literature. That article is reviewed in depth in The Fetal Monitoring Debate ( Obstet Gynecol 1979;54:103-109).
MPs back calls for tighter checks on European doctors
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

MPs have called for changes in the checks that the General Medical Council can make on locum doctors working in the United Kingdom, after the death of Cambridge patient, David Gray, who was attended by a German locum in 2008.

The cross party health select committee has also recommended more stringent controls in the vetting system used by primary care trusts for all out of hours doctors.

The report says Mr Gray’s death has exposed major flaws in the way UK authorities are unable to check on the medical knowledge and English language skills of doctors from the European Economic Area.

Mr Gray died in 2008 after Daniel Ubani, a German citizen working his first UK shift as a GP locum, injected Mr Gray with 10 times the recommended maximum dose of diamorphine ( BMJ 2010;340:c550, doi:10.1136/bmj.c550).

Kevin Barron MP, chair …
Combination chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia in adults: Results of a retrospective study in 82 patients
Authors: Sergio Amadori, Aldo Montuoro, Giovanna Meloni, Maria Antonietta Aloe Spiriti, Leonardo Pacilli, Franco Mandelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Since 1970, 82 previously untreated adult patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated for induction of remission with combination chemotherapy either including vincristine and prednisone (18 patients), vincristine, prednisone and daunomycin (27 patients), or vincristine, prednisone, and asparaginase (37 patients). Upon achievement of complete remission patients were started on continuous maintenance with daily mercaptopurine, weekly methotrexate, and periodic vincristine and prednisone reinforcement pulses. Central nervous system prophylaxis consisted of six weekly intrathecal injections of methotrexate and prednisone given during induction, followed by monthly doses during maintenance. Overall, 55 of the 82 patients (67%) achieved complete remission; the addition of daunomycin or asparaginase to vincristine and prednisone did not significantly improve the response rate. Severe myelosuppression was common, being responsible for the death of 23 patients during induction. The predicted median duration of remission was 25 months, with 24 patients continuing in remission after 3.5–60 months. Duration of remission was significantly shorter in those patients who initially had a peripheral blood count greater than 50 × 10 9 /liter. The predicted median survival was 39.5 months in those who achieved remission, less than one month in those who did not, and 12 months overall.
Heterogeneous Expression and Activity of Endothelial and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases in End-Stage Human Heart Failure
Authors: Mitsumasa Fukuchi, Sabah N. A. Hussain, Adel Giaid
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Recent reports have suggested that excessive amounts of endogenous NO may contribute to the myocardial dysfunction and injury in heart failure. In the present report, we investigate the cellular expression and activity of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NO synthase in failing human hearts with special reference to the underlying lesion and drug therapy.Myocardial tissues were obtained from 28 failing human hearts with various pathogeneses and 4 nonfailing hearts as controls. Only weak or focal expression of both eNOS and iNOS was seen in ventricles of nonfailing hearts. In failing hearts, immunoreactivity and hybridization signals for eNOS were increased only in cardiac myocytes of subendocardial areas. Signals for iNOS in cardiac myocytes were consistently seen in heart failure of various pathogeneses and were apparent in both infarcted and noninfarcted regions of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Apparent signals for iNOS were also seen in infiltrating macrophages in infarcted regions of ischemic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and septic hearts. The expression of eNOS but not iNOS in the myocytes was intimately associated with beta-adrenergic therapy before the operation, being more abundant in patients on beta-blockers compared with diminished presence in patients on beta-agonists. In contrast to immunohistochemical data, iNOS activity was more variable than constitutive NOS activity and correlated significantly with the density of infiltrating macrophages.These results suggest that whereas increased eNOS and/or iNOS expression in failing cardiac myocytes may in general contribute to myocardial dysfunction, myocyte injury or death associated with inflammatory lesions may be caused in part by abundant iNOS expression within infiltrating macrophages rather than cardiac myocytes.
Philip Victor Seal
Authors: D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Smad2 and Smad3 (Smad2/3) proteins are key signaling molecules for TGF-β and some related family members regulating the transcription of several hundred genes. TGF-β have key roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cancer, fibrotic disorders, developmental defects, and neurodegeneration. To study the temporal and spatial patterns of Smad2/3-dependent signaling in normal and pathological conditions in the living organism, we engineered transgenic mice with a Smad-responsive luciferase reporter construct (SBE-luc mice). Using bioluminescent imaging, we assessed Smad2/3 signaling activity noninvasively in living mice. At baseline, this activity was highest in brain, intestine, heart, and skin, and correlated with biochemical measurements of reporter activity. Primary astrocytes cultured from SBE-luc mice showed specific activation of the reporter in response to Smad2/3-activating TGF-β family members. Treatment of mice with the endotoxin LPS resulted in a fast and vigorous, but transient activation of the reporter in the intestine. Although the response was similarly rapid in brain, it remained increased, indicating important but different cellular responses to endotoxin challenge in these organs. Traumatic brain injury with a needle stab resulted in local activation of Smad2/3-dependent genes and a severalfold increase in bioluminescence in living mice. SBE-luc mice can therefore be used to study temporal, tissue-specific activation of Smad2/3-dependent signaling in living mice in normal or pathological conditions as well as for the identification of endogenous or synthetic modulators of this pathway.
Whole blood endotoxin responsiveness in patients with chronic heart failure: the importance of serum lipoproteins
Authors: Rakesh Sharma, Stephan von Haehling, Mathias Rauchhaus, Aidan P. Bolger, Sabine Genth‐Zotz, Wolfram Doehner, Brian Oliver, Philip A. Poole‐Wilson, Volk Hans‐Dieter, Andrew J.S. Coats, Ian M. Adcock, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Factors Involved in Homograft Tolerance
Authors: Robert Hanan
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  The paper of Aust and Guttmann in the March 9 issue ofThe Journal( 183 :857) is the latest in a long line which perpetrates and perpetuates erroneous statements concerning immune tolerance induced by pure protein antigens. This error consists in the assertion that persistence of the antigen is responsible for lack of antibody production and that the effect is one of immunological paralysis.  Aust and Guttmann cite the work of Smith and Bridges 1 as demonstrating failure to respond to subsequent BSA until the injected reservoir has been metabolized, when in fact Smith and Bridges demonstrated no such thing. Smith and Bridges cited other workers who had given very large doses of antigen and produced temporary paralysis, but in their own work, and in my work which they cited, 2 immunological tolerance was produced by doses of antigen (as little as 20 mg) which, ordinarily, would result
Provocative Neutralization-Reply
Authors: Michael H. Grieco
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The study of Mabray et al<sup>1</sup>was not included in my report because it had been published in May 1982, which was too late for my review. It was concerned with the use of subcutaneous neutralization with progesterone to relieve dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, midcycle pain, and nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. Thirty-two patients were studied with the single-blind technique and were reported to be able to select a progesterone dilution as their visualizing end point as compared with placebo. In view of the lack of scientific evidence to support progesterone allergy and the failure to use a double-blind trial to evaluate subjective symptoms, I do not believe that this study would have warranted inclusion in my review, which focused predominantly on inhalant and food sensitivities. The remaining four articles referred to by Dr Podell deal principally with sublingual provocative testing and desensitization. The article by Dr King
Anorexia nervosa in diabetes mellitus.
Authors: S Garner
Journal: BMJ (1980)

fore be used when a beta-blocking agent is required in diabetics prone to hypoglycaemia.However, with these drugs also patients should be informed that institution of treat- ment may modify the normal hypoglycaemic symptoms.Additionally, until further ex- perience has been gained we think that special care should be exercised with any of these drugs in diabetics with clear autonomic neuropathy, where both symptoms and recovery may be further compromised.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Natural history, prognostic factors and survival analysis
Authors: Russell H. Wiesner, Patricia M. Grambsch, E. Rolland Dickson, Jurgen Ludwig, Robert L. Maccarty, Ellen B. Hunter, Thomas R. Fleming, Lloyd D. Fisher, Sandra J. Beaver, Nicholas F. Larusso
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis was assessed in 174 patients; 37 were asymptomatic and 137 had symptoms related to underlying liver disease. At the time of diagnosis, the mean age was 39.9 years, 66% of the primary sclerosing cholangitis patients were male and 71% had associated inflammatory bowel disease, most commonly chronic ulcerative colitis. Longterm follow-up (mean: 6.0 years; range: 2.7 to 15.5 years) was available in all patients. During follow-up, 59 (34%) of the patients died: 55 in the symptomatic group and four in the asymptomatic group. Median survival from the time of diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis at the Mayo Clinic was 11.9 years. Survival in the asymptomatic group was significantly decreased compared with that in a control population matched for age, race and sex. Multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards regression modeling) revealed that age, serum bilirubin concentration, blood hemoglobin concentration, presence or absence of inflammatory bowel disease and histologic stage on liver biopsy were independent predictors of high risk of dying. The development of a multivariate statistical survival model is a major step in identifying individual primary sclerosing cholangitis patients at low, moderate and high risk of dying. Such models will be useful for stratifying patients in therapeutic trials, in patient counseling and in patient selection and timing of liver transplantation.
Gold Leaf and Minié Balls
Authors: William Welsh
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I refer to the article on gold-leaf treatment of ischemic skin ulcers (<b>196</b>:693, 1966) and to the comment by Dr. Epstein (<b>197</b>:299, 1966). Thirty years ago one of my elderly patients with an ischemic ulcer of the lower leg told me that she and her friends had treated this kind of an ulcer for many years by covering it with a lead sheet made by flattening Minié balls collected from the fields of Gettysburg. My patient had made a special trip to Gettysburg for the particular purpose of finding these leaden pellets, and I think she finally came to me only because she had exhausted her collection. Those from Gettysburg, she said, were considered to be the best, and she had frequently found that the Gettysburg Minié balls helped her friends when ordinary lead sheets had failed. She thought that this treatment of ulcers had
Socioeconomic conditions and ischaemic heart disease
Authors: J. Elford, P. Whincup, A G Shaper
Journal: BMJ (1991)

in 20 000 live births and this includes both familial and non-familial cases.There were 1068 children born in Seascale between 1950 and 1983.2There would have to be a 20-fold increase in incidence before a single case was expected in this population.It is nonsense to state that retinoblastoma should be "generally more common in Seascale."Similar arguments apply to Millom rural district.It is the extreme rarity of retinoblastoma that makes the observation of five cases linked to Seascale so extraordinary and noteworthy.The ideas in our paper are neither confusing nor contradictory.The data, in fact, strongly suggest a link between retinoblastoma and residence in Seascale.The nature of the association remains to be determined, but it is wrong to imply that radiation can be excluded as the causative agent.
1145 PRE-TREATMENT PREDICTION OF TELAPREVIR RESPONSE USING A NOVEL CAPTURE-FUSION ASSAY FOR HCV REPLICATION
Authors: M.E. Cunningham, A. Javaid, J.A. Waters, J. Davidson-Wright, J.L. Wong, T. Haque, M. Macartney, G. Dusheiko, W. Rosenberg, M. Jacobs, G.R. Foster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Circulation of the Blood: Men and Ideas
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A distinguished group of scientists have collaborated with the editors to produce this volume. As a physical entity the book is impressive: massive, well-printed, and illustrated with skill and taste. The content is not so easily characterized. Each author, says the editor, "brings to his essay a lifetime of study in his field of special interest as well as a personal achievement in its more recent advances." This opinion is indisputable. But not all of these men are historians. The first five essays are concerned with the heart. Cournand writes on "Air and Blood," and Mommaerts on heart muscle; the output of the heart is studied here, as is electrocardiography and the "Coronary Circulation and Cardiac Metabolism." The second section, on the blood vessels, includes chapters on the capillary circulation, "Vasomotor Control and the Regulation of Blood Pressure," and Pickering's treatment of systemic arterial hypertension. The final group of essays
Detection of Metastases to Internal Jugular Vein and Superior Vena Cava on 131-I Scan
Authors: Archi Agrawal, Ramesh Agrawal, Ramesh Asopa
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

We report a rare case of a tumor thrombus in the right internal jugular vein (IJV), superior vena cava (SVC), and right subclavian vein due to metastatic thyroid carcinoma, which was detected on an 131-Iodine whole-body scan. A 48-year-old man with a case of follicular variant of papillary carcinoma thyroid was treated twice with high doses of I-131, 188, and 185 mCi (6956 and 6845 MBq respectively), post total thyroidectomy. His post-therapy scan showed an elongated area of I-131 concentration in the right lower neck, which extended to the upper mediastinum Serum thyroglobulin levels were elevated on both occasions to more than 800 ng/mL. As this appeared resistant to radioactive iodine, the patient was referred for surgical management. CT scan was done, which showed a heterogeneously enhancing thrombus in the right IJV, extending to the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins and into the superior vena cava (SVC). A nonenhancing thrombus was also seen in the right subclavian vein. Per-operatively, it was found that the patient had a thrombus in the right IJV, SVC, and right subclavian vein. The patient underwent right IJV thrombectomy with partial resection of the right subclavian vein and repair of the SVC. The histopathology was follicular thyroid carcinoma forming a tumor thrombus in the IJV, SVC, and right subclavian vein. A large dose I-131 scan done 6 weeks postsurgery revealed no abnormal concentration in the whole-body scan. Though the Tg levels were still elevated, it had now decreased to 121 ng/mL.
Biodegradability and biocompatibility of a pH- and thermo-sensitive hydrogel formed from a sulfonamide-modified poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide) block copolymer
Authors: Woo Sun Shim, Jong-Ho Kim, Hungkyu Park, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Doo Sung Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
1028-172 Increased urinary 8-Iso-prostaglandin F2alpha excretion predict cardiac events in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yusuke Nakagawa, Yoshiyuki Kijima, Akira Nishibe, Nobuyuki Ogasawara, Tamayo Ishiko, Megumi Kunishige, Takeshi Hata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)