tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Recurrent Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Myoglobinuria
Authors: T. Albert Farmer, William J. Hammack, Walter B. Frommeyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IDIOPATHIC rhabdomyolysis associated with myoglobinuria is a relatively rare disease first described by Meyer-Betz1 in 1910. Myoglobinuria has been shown to result from crushing injuries, ischemic muscle mass secondary to arterial occlusion and high-voltage electric shock. In Europe it has also been associated with outbreaks of Haff disease, thought to be related to the ingestion of fish contaminated with certain poisonous resins.2 Excluding these demonstrable causes for myoglobinuria, 48 cases of a clinical syndrome of painful, tender muscles associated with idiopathic myoglobinuria have been described. A clinical summary of these cases is presented in Table 1. Establishment of the diagnosis has . . .
How easy is it to contact the duty medical doctor responsible for acute admissions?
Authors: A Bakhai, F Goodman, H Juchniewichz, A Martin, G Porter, C White, L Williams, A Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To ascertain ease or difficulty of contacting duty junior doctors responsible for acute medical admissions by telephone. DESIGN--Telephone survey of hospitals in six health regions in England and Wales. SETTING--70 Randomly selected hospitals, 15 of which were excluded because of non-acceptance of acute medical admissions. PARTICIPANTS--71 Duty doctors (duty house physicians, senior house officers, or registrars responsible for acute medical admissions) in 48 hospitals; seven duty doctors in seven hospitals were excluded (four declined to participate and three required a written explanation of the survey). 67 Doctors gave full information to all questions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Time taken for hospital switchboards and duty doctors to reply to telephone call, diagnoses of patients recently admitted, and on call rotas and hours of sleep of duty doctors. RESULTS--Hospital switchboards responded within 30 seconds in 87 (74%) calls, and in 76 calls (64%) the duty doctor requested was contacted within a further two minutes. Chest pain, possibly due to myocardial infarction, was the most common reason for acute medical admissions. Nearly half (48%) of the duty doctors in larger hospitals reported having 4-5 hours sleep or less on their nights on call. Most (30) were on a one in three rota; two were on a one in two rota. CONCLUSIONS--Despite impressions to the contrary contacting the duty medical team by telephone seemed fairly easy. Although most junior doctors were on a rota of one in three or better, insufficient recognition may be given to their deprivation of sleep during nights on duty.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: RALPH C. SCOTT, VINCENT J. SEIWERT, DAVID L. SIMON, JOHNSON MCGUIRE
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The current electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy have been analyzed in 100 cases of pure left ventricular hypertrophy proved at autopsy. Only those cases were used in which the greatest thickness of the left ventricle was 13 mm. or more, the right ventricle did not exceed 4 mm. in thickness, and the heart weight exceeded the upper limit of the expected normal. Also, only those cases were studied on whom multiple lead electrocardiograms were available. Conclusions are presented as to which sets of electrocardiographic criteria give the greatest accuracy in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Dermoscopy of pigmented lesions on mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane
Authors: J. Lin, H. Koga, M. Takata, T. Saida
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

The dermoscopic features of pigmented lesions on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane are different from those on hairy skin. Differentiation between benign lesions and malignant melanomas of these sites is often difficult.To define the dermoscopic patterns of lesions on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane, and assess the applicability of standard dermoscopic algorithms to these lesions.An unselected consecutive series of 40 lesions on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane was studied. All the lesions were imaged using dermoscopy devices, analysed for dermoscopic patterns and scored with algorithms including the ABCD rule, Menzies method, 7-point checklist, 3-point checklist and the CASH algorithm.Benign pigmented lesions of the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane frequently presented a dotted-globular pattern (25%), a homogeneous pattern (25%), a fish scale-like pattern (18.8%) and a hyphal pattern (18.8%), while melanomas of these sites showed a multicomponent pattern (75%) and a homogeneous pattern (25%). The fish scale-like pattern and hyphal pattern were considered to be variants of the ring-like pattern. The sensitivities of the ABCD rule, Menzies method, 7-point checklist, 3-point checklist and CASH algorithm in diagnosing mucosal melanomas were 100%, 100%, 63%, 88% and 100%; and the specificities were 100%, 94%, 100%, 94% and 100%, respectively.The ring-like pattern and its variants (fish scale-like pattern and hyphal pattern) are frequently observed as well as the dotted-globular pattern and homogeneous pattern in mucosal melanotic macules. The algorithms for pigmented lesions on hairy skin also apply to those on the mucocutaneous junction and mucous membrane with high sensitivity and specificity.
Libyan hospitals are overstretched treating thousands of victims of violent crackdown
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Hospitals in Libya are overstretched and struggling to deal with hundreds of people killed and thousands injured in the past week by security forces that have been shooting at demonstrators in an attempt to suppress their protests against the regime of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi.

“The callousness with which Libyan authorities and their hired guns are reportedly shooting live rounds of ammunition at peaceful demonstrators is unconscionable. I am extremely worried that lives are being lost as we speak,” United Nations high commissioner for human rights Navi Pillay told a briefing.

She said such widespread and systematic attacks against a civilian population “may amount to crimes against …
Heterosexual and Homosexual Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: MARY E. GUINAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Homosexual and heterosexual patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared by risk group. Race; diagnoses; history of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior, and drug use; and socioeconomic indicators differed considerably among the risk groups, suggesting different risk factors for acquisition of the syndrome. Patients in the homosexual, intravenous drug user, and Haitian risk groups differed in their serologic response to cytomegalovirus and syphilis testing, presumably due to lifestyle-related exposures. Differences in the rate of recovery of cytomegalovirus, serum levels of IgA and IgG, and antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were noted among patients with different diagnoses. We conclude that in studies of risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, patients should be analyzed by risk group and diagnoses.
The core of the candle problem.
Authors: C Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Research ArticleOpen AccessThe core of the candle problem. C Potera C Potera Search for more papers by this author Published:1 April 2000https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.108-a165aAboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit "The core of the candle problem.." Environmental Health Perspectives, 108(4), p. A165FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 108, No. 4 April 2000Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 April 2000Published in print1 April 2000 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.
Corrigendum to “Systematic Review of Oncological Outcomes Following Surgical Management of Localised Renal Cancer” [Eur Urol 2012;61:972–93]
Authors: Steven MacLennan, Mari Imamura, Marie C. Lapitan, Muhammad Imran Omar, Thomas B.L. Lam, Ana M. Hilvano-Cabungcal, Pam Royle, Fiona Stewart, Graeme MacLennan, Sara J. MacLennan, Steven E. Canfield, Sam McClinton, T.R. Leyshon Griffiths, Börje Ljungberg, James N'Dow
Journal: European Urology (2012)
A Paper on THE DISTRIBUTION AND NATURE OF FOOD POISONING
Authors: J. Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1929)

THaE subject of bacter ial food poisoniing presents mn.ly features of initerest to bacteriologists and practitioners.The sporadic nature of the outbreaks, dramiatic onset of symptoms, anid the frequenit difficulty tiicing the cause make an unusual appeal to the mind.additional initerest the outbreaks are described glaring ouitlines in the daily press, throughl mediu-m wlichl the kino-wledge of the outbreak is frequently first semiinated.The clhar-acter of the outbreaks, particularly imi their unexpcctedness botlh in time anid lpresenits difficulty to the examininig bacteriologists, and
The Older Adult Driver With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: David B. Carr, Brian R. Ott
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Although automobiles remain the transportation of choice for many older adults, late-life cognitive impairment and dementia often impair the ability to drive safely. However, there is no commonly used method of assessing dementia severity in relation to driving, no consensus on the assessment of older drivers with cognitive impairment, and no gold standard for determining driving fitness. Yet clinicians are called on by patients, their families, other health professionals, and often their state's Department of Motor Vehicles to assess their patients' fitness to drive and to make recommendations about driving privileges. This article describes the challenges of driving with cognitive impairment for both the patient and caregiver, summarizes the literature on dementia and driving, discusses evidence-based assessment of fitness to drive, and addresses important ethical and legal issues. It also describes the role of physician assessment, referral for neuropsychological testing, screening for functional ability, tools to assess dementia severity, driving evaluation clinics, and Department of Motor Vehicles referrals that may assist with evaluation. Lastly, it discusses mobility counseling (eg, exploration of transportation alternatives), because health professionals need to address this important issue for older adults who lose the ability to drive. The application of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to the older driver with cognitive impairment will have the best opportunity to enhance patients' social connectedness and quality of life while meeting their psychological and medical needs and maintaining personal and public safety.
President's commission considers how to protect human rights after Guatemala experiment
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A special commission set up by President Barack Obama is considering how best to protect the human rights of people who take part in clinical trials in the wake of the discovery last year that a US agency had conducted unethical research in Guatemala in the 1940s.

The US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues was established in 2009. Since Susan Reverby, a historian from Wellesley College, near Boston, discovered last year that the US Public Health Service had conducted unethical research in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948, the commission has concentrated on protecting the human rights of people in such studies. The commission held its fifth public session in New York on 18 and 19 May and plans to present its report this summer. 

The commission’s chairwoman, …
PMO-135 Zinc finger e-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes tumour progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Abstract PMO-135 Figure 1
Authors: R Sreekumar, A Mirnezami, H Wilson, J Primrose, G Thomas
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> HCC is the leading cause of cancer related mortality world wide. Emerging evidence suggests aberrant activation of an embryological trans-differentiation programme termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical in promoting metastasis in different carcinomas. We analysed the expression of ZEB1, a key transcription factor implicated in EMT, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting in HCC. Additionally, we performed migration assays to analyse the consequences of ZEB1 expression in Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed western blotting for ZEB1, E-cadherin, vimentin and α-tubulin to identify the epithelial-mesenchymal status of eight primary HCC cell lines. IHC was undertaken on paraffin sections from 40 patients who underwent resections for primary HCC between May 1997 and November 2010 and scored by two independent pathologists. Clinicopathological data were collated retrospectively and patient survival calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. We transfected ZEB1 into Huh7 and HepG2 cell lines by electroporation and assessed EMT related changes in cell motility using Boyden chambers (pore size: 8 μm) and serum as chemo-attractant. <h3>Results</h3> Western blotting of proteins from eight HCC cell lines demonstrated reciprocal expression of ZEB1 and E-cadherin, suggesting EMT promotes a migratory phenotype in HCC. ZEB1 also significantly increased cell motility as a threefold increase in cell migration was observed after ZEB1 transfection into Huh7 cells (23±4 vs 79±5). ZEB1 positivity was detected in 11/40 specimens analysed by IHC. Statistical analysis highlighted ZEB1 as an independent prognostic marker favouring a significant reduction in cancer specific (41 vs 16 months, p <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results suggest that ZEB1 induced EMT promotes tumour progression and metastasis in HCC, and that over-expression of ZEB1 may represent an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Changes in dyspnea, health status, and lung function in chronic airway disease.
Authors: D A Mahler, D Tomlinson, E M Olmstead, A N Tosteson, G T O'Connor
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal changes in clinical parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We postulated that progressive dyspnea and decline in lung function over time would influence or impact patient's health status. Clinical ratings of dyspnea, general health status, and physiologic lung function were measured every 6 mo over a 2-yr period in an original group of 110 male patients with stable but symptomatic COPD and no significant comorbidity. At enrollment, age was 67 +/- 8 yr (mean +/- SD), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 1.28 +/- 0.59 I (44 +/- 17% of predicted), and forced vital capacity (FVC) was 2.84 +/- 0.84 I (68 +/- 18% of predicted). A total of 34 patients "dropped out" because of death (n = 20), relocation (n = 7), and other reasons (n = 7). Dyspnea was measured using the transition dyspnea index (TDI), which represented changes from the baseline state; general health status was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 20-item short-form survey; physiologic lung function was assessed by spirometry (FVC and FEV1) and inspiratory muscle strength (PImax). Statistical analyses were performed using all available data for each patient, including results until the time at which patients died or were lost to follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metoprolol CR/XL in Female Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Jalal K. Ghali, Ileana L. Piña, Stephen S. Gottlieb, Prakash C. Deedwania, John C. Wikstrand
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Underrepresentation of women in heart failure clinical trials has limited conclusions regarding the effect of various management strategies on survival in women with heart failure and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods and Results — MERIT-HF (Metoprolol Extended-Release Randomized Intervention Trial in Heart Failure) was a randomized, placebo-controlled study, the purpose of which was to evaluate the effect of metoprolol controlled-release/extended-release (CR/XL) in 3991 patients with New York Heart Association class II to IV heart failure and LVEF ≤0.40. We performed a post hoc analysis to evaluate the effect of metoprolol CR/XL on outcome in women (n=898), including the outcome in 183 women with severe heart failure (New York Heart Association class III/IV and LVEF &lt;0.25). Treatment with metoprolol CR/XL in women resulted in a 21% reduction in the primary combined end point of all-cause mortality/all-cause hospitalizations (164 versus 137 patients; P =0.044). The number of cardiovascular hospitalizations was reduced by 29% (164 versus 120; P =0.013), and hospitalization for worsening heart failure was reduced by 42% (95 versus 56; P =0.021). Similar results were noted in the subgroup of women with severe heart failure, with a 57% reduction in cardiovascular hospitalizations (63 versus 30; P =0.005) and a 72% reduction in hospitalization due to worsening heart failure (46 versus 14; P =0.0004). A pooling of mortality results from MERIT-HF, the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS II), and the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival Study (COPERNICUS) showed very similar survival benefits in women and men. Conclusions — The beneficial effects of metoprolol CR/XL extend to women with heart failure, including women with clinically stable severe heart failure.
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN RATS
Authors: Henry A. Schroeder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

Normal standards for the blood pressure of rats under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia have been ascertained. Arterial hypertension did not consistently follow the injection of estradiol and pitressin in adult rats, and only transient hypertension occurred after the injection of dihydroxyphenylalanine. The injection of adrenalin in oil, however, was followed by cardiac hypertrophy, and it also resulted from (a) partial constriction of one renal artery, (b) the production of unilateral hydronephrosis, (c) traumatic injury to one kidney, (d) inducing unilateral perinephritis with a cellophane membrane. The blood pressure in many of the animals became elevated. In rats the weight of the heart is probably a more reliable index of the presence of the hypertensive state than is one measurement, or two, of blood pressure under anesthesia. The latter is extremely variable, both in normal and in hypertensive animals. Rats are, however, liable to hypertension under natural circumstances, and it can be easily induced in a number of ways. The weight of the heart may then become rapidly increased. To judge from the findings in this species, rats are very susceptible to the production of the hypertensive state, in comparison with other animals.
Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease Following Live Kidney Donation
Authors: Abimereki D. Muzaale, Allan B. Massie, Mei-Cheng Wang, Robert A. Montgomery, Maureen A. McBride, Jennifer L. Wainright, Dorry L. Segev
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in kidney donors has been compared with risk faced by the general population, but the general population represents an unscreened, high-risk comparator. A comparison to similarly screened healthy nondonors would more properly estimate the sequelae of kidney donation.To compare the risk of ESRD in kidney donors with that of a healthy cohort of nondonors who are at equally low risk of renal disease and free of contraindications to live donation and to stratify these comparisons by patient demographics.A cohort of 96,217 kidney donors in the United States between April 1994 and November 2011 and a cohort of 20,024 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were linked to Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data to ascertain development of ESRD, which was defined as the initiation of maintenance dialysis, placement on the waiting list, or receipt of a living or deceased donor kidney transplant, whichever was identified first. Maximum follow-up was 15.0 years; median follow-up was 7.6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.9-11.5 years) for kidney donors and 15.0 years (IQR, 13.7-15.0 years) for matched healthy nondonors.Cumulative incidence and lifetime risk of ESRD.Among live donors, with median follow-up of 7.6 years (maximum, 15.0), ESRD developed in 99 individuals in a mean (SD) of 8.6 (3.6) years after donation. Among matched healthy nondonors, with median follow-up of 15.0 years (maximum, 15.0), ESRD developed in 36 nondonors in 10.7 (3.2) years, drawn from 17 ESRD events in the unmatched healthy nondonor pool of 9364. Estimated risk of ESRD at 15 years after donation was 30.8 per 10,000 (95% CI, 24.3-38.5) in kidney donors and 3.9 per 10,000 (95% CI, 0.8-8.9) in their matched healthy nondonor counterparts (P < .001). This difference was observed in both black and white individuals, with an estimated risk of 74.7 per 10,000 black donors (95% CI, 47.8-105.8) vs 23.9 per 10,000 black nondonors (95% CI, 1.6-62.4; P < .001) and an estimated risk of 22.7 per 10,000 white donors (95% CI, 15.6-30.1) vs 0.0 white nondonors (P < .001). Estimated lifetime risk of ESRD was 90 per 10,000 donors, 326 per 10,000 unscreened nondonors (general population), and 14 per 10,000 healthy nondonors.Compared with matched healthy nondonors, kidney donors had an increased risk of ESRD over a median of 7.6 years; however, the magnitude of the absolute risk increase was small. These findings may help inform discussions with persons considering live kidney donation.
Letter: Relative cost of drugs.
Authors: I Haslock, V Wright
Journal: BMJ (1975)

spermaincyites.After three years wifth a gluten-free diet seminal analysis in 1958 showed a sperm oaunt of 45 x 106/nml with 90% active progressive motility and normad nworphology, and a second 'testicular biopsy, apgart from slight capsular thickening, was essentially normal.He married in 1960 and his wife gave birth to a normal male child.-I am, etc.,
No excuses for 36 year gap in life expectancy across the world, says WHO
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The World Heath Organization has declared that “there is no biological or genetic reason for [the] alarming differences in health and life opportunity” around the world that mean a child born in Malawi can expect to live for 47 years whereas a child born in Japan could live for as long as 83 years.

The World Conference on Social Determinants of Health, being held in Rio de Janeiro from 19 to 22 October, provides a global platform to discuss strategies aiming to reduce health inequalities, on the basis of the recommendations of WHO’s 2008 Commission on Social Determinants of Health.

In Chad every fifth child dies before they reach the age of 5 years, while in the WHO European …