tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-193: Separable bilayer microfiltration device for viable label-free enrichment of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Ming-Da Zhou, Sijie Hao, Anthony J. Williams, Bo Lv, Jiyue Zhu, Richard J. Cote, Ram H. Datar, Yu-Chong Tai, Siyang Zheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We designed a new separable bilayer (SB) microfiltration device for the viable enrichment of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) independent of antigen expression. Bilayer pore structures at the micro scale decrease cell damage to preserve viability, while maintaining throughput to allow rapid enrichment. The large pore size (40 um) of the upper layer facilitates the CTCs proliferation on chip. The separability enables the efficient release of the CTCs after successful on chip culture of captured CTCs. We characterized the device performances including capture efficiency, enrichment against leukocytes, viability and proliferability. The SB device can enrich tumor cells with 80% capture efficiency, higher than 103 enrichment, and better than 70% viability from 1 mL whole blood samples on a 1 cm2 device. Multiple cell lines were shown to be able to proliferate after captured on SB device. Furthermore, using CTCs derived from an in vivo model system, cell cultures were established by releasing the captured CTCs from the chip. The cultured CTCs and their corresponding parental cell lines were injected into mice. Tumors were established with no discernable differences in volume and rate of growth, demonstrating similar tumorigenicity of viable CTCs recovered by the SB device. In a feasibility study, we successfully detected CTCs from 1 mL of clinical whole blood sample enriched via SB device. Citation Format: Ming-Da Zhou, Sijie Hao, Anthony J. Williams, Bo Lv, Jiyue Zhu, Richard J. Cote, Ram H. Datar, Yu-Chong Tai, Siyang Zheng. Separable bilayer microfiltration device for viable label-free enrichment of circulating tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-193. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-193
Clinical Utility of Microarray-Based Gene Expression Profiling in the Diagnosis and Subclassification of Leukemia: Report From the International Microarray Innovations in Leukemia Study Group
Authors: Torsten Haferlach, Alexander Kohlmann, Lothar Wieczorek, Giuseppe Basso, Geertruy Te Kronnie, Marie-Christine Béné, John De Vos, Jesus M. Hernández, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Ken I. Mills, Amanda Gilkes, Sabina Chiaretti, Sheila A. Shurtleff, Thomas J. Kipps, Laura Z. Rassenti, Allen E. Yeoh, Peter R. Papenhausen, Wei-min Liu, P. Mickey Williams, Robin Foà
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

The Microarray Innovations in Leukemia study assessed the clinical utility of gene expression profiling as a single test to subtype leukemias into conventional categories of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies.The investigation was performed in 11 laboratories across three continents and included 3,334 patients. An exploratory retrospective stage I study was designed for biomarker discovery and generated whole-genome expression profiles from 2,143 patients with leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. The gene expression profiling-based diagnostic accuracy was further validated in a prospective second study stage of an independent cohort of 1,191 patients.On the basis of 2,096 samples, the stage I study achieved 92.2% classification accuracy for all 18 distinct classes investigated (median specificity of 99.7%). In a second cohort of 1,152 prospectively collected patients, a classification scheme reached 95.6% median sensitivity and 99.8% median specificity for 14 standard subtypes of acute leukemia (eight acute lymphoblastic leukemia and six acute myeloid leukemia classes, n = 693). In 29 (57%) of 51 discrepant cases, the microarray results had outperformed routine diagnostic methods.Gene expression profiling is a robust technology for the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies with high accuracy. It may complement current diagnostic algorithms and could offer a reliable platform for patients who lack access to today's state-of-the-art diagnostic work-up. Our comprehensive gene expression data set will be submitted to the public domain to foster research focusing on the molecular understanding of leukemias.
Coombs-Positive Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Authors: Fred Z. Ferris
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Two children presenting typical clinical features of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome had a positive direct Coombs test that remained positive throughout the illness. It is probable that an upper respiratory tract infection precipitated an antigen-antibody reaction that caused the autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune-complex glomerulonephritis. (<i>JAMA</i>235:522-523, 1976)
Criteria for Classification of S.L.E
Authors: P. Davis, B. Atkins, R. G. Josse, G. R. V. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Of 38 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) followed in this clinic during the past two years raised levels of anti-DNA antibodies were found in 36. The recently proposed criteria for the classification of S.L.E. were met in 33 of these 36 patients. Three patients with raised DNA antibody titres and some of the features of S.L.E. did not meet the criteria for a classification of S.L.E.
DEATH AFTER NITROUS OXIDE-OXYGEN AND LOCAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: W. J. McCardie
Journal: BMJ (1916)

ACORuESPONDENCuh [AU.C 5, 19I6 These last figuLres, comnpared with those of 1902, represent a saving of 46 lives per million, whichl means tlhat, as thjere wvere 18,672,986 vomeii in England in 1911-859 women were saved in 1911 wlho would have beeln lost in 1902.Infant MIortality.rreiyrature Birth, Ate!ectasis, Itijury at Birth: All due to condi- tions acting at or before the birth of the child.account for 23.6 of all infantile deaths tinder one year.Here againi the quality of assistance and attendance given at childbirthi will be imiportant determining factors in the rate of infantile mortality.
European directive on confidential data: a threat to epidemiology
Authors: E Lynge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

At the end of last year the BMJ published two studies by Barker and colleagues, on the relation between growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentration in adult life1 and mortality from cardiovascular disease.2 The first study used records from a hospital in Sheffield from 1939-40 on weight, length, and the circumference of the head, chest, and abdomen at birth. The second used midwives' and health visitors' records from Hertfordshire from 1911 onwards on birth weight, infant feeding, and weight at 1 year. Both sets of records included enough personal identification to enable the researchers to trace the subjects' deaths or addresses four to eight decades later. Most people would agree that these studies are valuable and have major public health implications. Nevertheless, record linkage studies like these are potentially under threat from a proposed European Union directive on confidential data.

The draft directive was first proposed in 1990 and is now in its second version,3 with amendments being negotiated …
The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football—analysis of preseason injuries
Authors: C Woods, R Hawkins, M Hulse, A Hodson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

To conduct a detailed analysis of preseason football injuries sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons.Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated player injuries. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current injury status.17% (1025) of the total number of injuries over the two seasons were sustained during the preseason, the mean number of days absent per injury was 22.3 days. Younger age groups (17-25 yrs) were more likely to sustain a preseason injury than more experienced players (26-35+) (p<0.01). There were relatively more "slight" and "minor" injuries (as defined in the methodology), overuse, and tendon related injuries sustained during preseason compared to the in season (p<0.01). The thigh (23%), knee (17%), and ankle (17%) were the most common locations for injuries during the preseason, there was a relatively greater number of lower leg injuries (15%) during the preseason (p<0.05). Achilles tendonitis was most prevalent in the preseason, with 33% of all Achilles related injuries sustained during this period (p<0.01). Muscle strains were the most common injury during preseason (37%). Rectus femoris muscle strains were observed twice as frequently during the preseason relative to the in season (p<0.01). Ligament sprains were the second most common injury during preseason (19%). Non-contact mechanisms were the cause of significantly more injuries during the preseason (p<0.01), with relatively more preseason injuries sustained while running or shooting (p<0.01). For 70% of the injuries reported during the preseason, the ground condition was described as dry.Players are at a greater risk of slight and minor injuries, overuse injuries, lower leg injuries (especially the Achilles tendon) and rectus femoris strains during the preseason period. Prevention of preseason injury is important to ensure availability of players for the commencement of the season and to decrease the risk of injury later in the season, we recommend the implementation of a risk management policy for this purpose. Areas requiring further investigation include methods of prevention for the common preseason injuries that have been identified, a detailed analysis of preseason and closed season training programmes, and a smaller study involving exposure data.
Consumption of Both Resistant Starch and β-Glucan Improves Postprandial Plasma Glucose and Insulin in Women
Authors: Kay M. Behall, Daniel J. Scholfield, Judith G. Hallfrisch, Helena G.M. Liljeberg-Elmståhl
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Consumption of a meal high in resistant starch or soluble fiber (β-glucan) decreases peak insulin and glucose concentrations and areas under the curve (AUCs). The objective was to determine whether the effects of soluble fiber and resistant starch on glycemic variables are additive. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Ten normal-weight (43.5 years of age, BMI 22.0 kg/m2) and 10 overweight women (43.3 years of age, BMI 30.4 kg/m2) consumed 10 tolerance meals in a Latin square design. Meals (1 g carbohydrate/kg body wt) were glucose alone or muffins made with different levels of soluble fiber (0.26, 0.68, or 2.3 g β-glucan/100 g muffin) and three levels of resistant starch (0.71, 2.57, or 5.06 g/100 g muffin). RESULTS—Overweight subjects had plasma insulin concentrations higher than those of normal-weight subjects but maintained similar plasma glucose levels. Compared with low β-glucan–low resistant starch muffins, glucose and insulin AUC decreased when β-glucan (17 and 33%, respectively) or resistant starch (24 and 38%, respectively) content was increased. The greatest AUC reduction occurred after meals containing both high β-glucan–high resistant starch (33 and 59% lower AUC for glucose and insulin, respectively). Overweight women were somewhat more insulin resistant than control women. CONCLUSIONS—Soluble fiber appears to have a greater effect on postprandial insulin response while glucose reduction is greater after resistant starch from high-amylose cornstarch. The reduction in glycemic response was enhanced by combining resistant starch and soluble fiber. Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of these fibers may improve glucose metabolism in both normal and overweight women.
Using mobile phones in hospitals: New phones seem not to interfere with new equipment
Authors: Velupandian Guruswamy
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Childhood cancer and power linesWhat do the data mean?Editor-Draper et al used distance of mother's home from high voltage overhead transmission lines (predominantly 275 kV and 400 kV) at the time of her child's birth as a proxy for her child's subsequent exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields (reviewed by Ahlbom et al). 1 2 As they acknowledge, this is a crude estimate since, in contrast to other reports, 2 no household measurements were taken, no data on more prevalent low voltage distribution sources were collected, no information from other time points in the child's life was obtained, variations during the 33 years period studied were not considered, and no validatory home visits were carried out.A recent report into residential exposures to magnetic fields in the United Kingdom estimated that proximity to high voltage lines, 275 kV and above, explained only 9% of those with measurements ≥ 0.2 microtesla ( T). 3 National data on the distribution of houses in relation to high voltage lines in the UK were provided (J Swanson, National Grid Transco, personal communication, 2000) to the UK Childhood Cancer Study (UKCCS) Group for its study of power lines and childhood cancer, to assess the representativeness of study subjects. 4 An equivalent comparison using National Grid data spanning the far longer period investigated in the paper by Draper et al was not undertaken.The assessments of distance to power lines in the UKCCS were made for all registered controls, who have been shown to represent the general population. 5plot of the distributions of the leukaemia and non-leukaemia cases and controls in the study by Draper et al, national populations, and UKCCS populations by distance from high voltage lines (figure) seems to show that the leukaemia controls used in the analysis presented by Draper et al are systematically different.Their positive result over 100 m may therefore be explained not by an excess of cases but by a deficit of controls in the early years of the study.
Abstract 2367: RSK2 promotes head and neck cancer cell invasion through direct phosphorylation of Hsp27 to regulate actin filaments
Authors: Shannon Elf, Katherine Lythgoe, Taro Hitosugi, Jack Taunton, Wei Zhou, Li Xiong, Dongsheng Wang, Susan Muller, Songqing Fan, Shi-Yong Sun, Zhuo (Georgia) Chen, Fadlo R. Khuri, Jing Chen, Dong M. Shin, Sumin Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common types of human cancers and frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes. We found that the protein expression pattern of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) correlates with the invasive ability of diverse HNSCC cell lines, and with human head and neck cancer progression. Continued RSK2 expression is vital for maintenance of the invasive and metastatic potential of HNSCC cells in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In a phospho-antibody microarray-based study, we identified pro-metastatic protein factors that are phosphorylated and activated by RSK2, including the previously identified CREB and a newly identified RSK2 substrate Hsp27, which are important for the RSK2-mediated pro-invasive ability of HNSCC cells. Hsp27 has been found to be overexpressed in many types of cancers, and its overexpression is associated aggressive tumor behavior. Here we found that RSK2 promotes stabilization of actin filaments in HNSCC cells through phosphorylation and activation of Hsp27 RNAi-mediated knockdown of Hsp27 significantly attenuated HNSCC Tu212 cell invasion conferred by exogenous expression of RSK2. In an in vitro kinase assay using purified recombinant Hsp27 WT and individual S15A, S78A or S82A mutant proteins incubated with active recombinant RSK2, we found that RSK2 directly phosphorylates Hsp27 at S78 and S82, but not S15. Moreover, stable expression of phospho-mimetic Hsp27 S78D/S82D double mutant led to further significantly enhanced cell invasion of poorly invasive HNSCC Tu212 and 686LN cells, compared to exogenous expression of Hsp27 WT. Stable expression of Hsp27 S78D/S82D mutant, but not WT or S78A/S82A mutant, rescued the cell invasion and tumor metastasis attenuated by stable knockdown of RSK2 in highly invasive HNSCC M4e cells in vitro and in vivo using xenograft mice, respectively. Hsp27 regulates actin dynamics and apoptosis. Actin immunofluorescent staining showed that RNAi-mediated stable knockdown of RSK2 resulted in disruption of actin filaments in 212LN and M4e cells. However, stable expression of the Hsp27 phospho-mimetic mutant S78D/S82D, but not WT or the phospho-deficient S78A/S82A mutant, rescued the formation of actin filaments. Our findings demonstrate that RSK2 signals through Hsp27 to regulate actin filaments and cell invasion via direct phosphorylation of Hsp27 at Ser78 and Ser82. This may represent a transcription-independent mechanism underlying RSK2-mediated pro-metastatic signaling in HNSCC cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2367.
Noncardiac Clinical Applications of Seven-pinhole Tomography
Authors: ROBERT J. TELEPAK, EDWARD L. WOODS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Clinical examples of various noncardiac seven-pinhole tomographic scans are shown. In many cases, this method of emission tomography can provide a very useful extension of standard planar nuclear medicine images. Major advantages of seven-pinhole tomography include reasonable cost and improved lesion detectability due to increased image contrast. Disadvantages include rather difficult patient positioning, nonuniform plane spacing with depth, and sometimes rather long data processing times because the presently available computer algorithms are maximized for cardiac scans.
Abstract 4579: The novel MEK Inhibitor GSK1120212b inhibits HMCL growth in vitro and synergises with a range of conventional and novel anti-myeloma therapies
Authors: Tiffany T. Khong, Christopher Leow, Katherine Monaghan, Andrew Spencer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Improved therapeutic interventions over the past decade has led to prolonged survival rates of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) but unfortunately, the subsequent development of progressive disease is inevitable. As such, the identification of novel compounds and strategies that improve therapeutic response is essential. GSK1120212b, a novel orally bio-available MEK inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and induce cell cycle arrest in some cancer cells. Here we report the efficacy of GSK1120212b in human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) and primary myeloma cells when used as a single agent and in combination with conventional and novel anti-myeloma therapies. HMCL response to variable doses of GSK1120212b (10nM-5µM) was determined by MTS assay. FACS and cell cycle analysis were used to evaluate the profiles of the cells post-MEK inhibition. Mechanistic studies using Western analysis with antibodies against p-MEK, MEK, p-ERK and ERK were performed. Subsequently, the anti-MM activity of GSK1120212b was evaluated in HMCL co-cultured with the human stromal cell line HS5. Primary samples from relapsed/refractory MM patients were subjected to GSK1120212b treatment and the level of apoptosis in CD45negCD38pos myeloma cells was assessed by Apo2.7-PE. Finally, combination studies with conventional and novel anti-MM therapies were also performed. GSK1120212b demonstrated an IC50 of 10-5000nM against 3 HMCL at 72h hours. Induction of both apoptosis and accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase occurred in a dose dependent manner. Western Blot analysis revealed increased p-MEK activity while total MEK levels decreased. Moreover, a decrease in p-ERK was observed with no change in total ERK levels. GSK1120212b demonstrated variable ability to induce HMCL apoptosis in stromal cell (HS5) co-culture, with or without transwells. Finally, GSK1120212b exhibited synergism with a variety of conventional and novel anti-MM therapies but was most pronounced when used in combination with GSK2110183b (Akt inhibitor) or LBH589 (HDAC inhibitor). Considering the potent anti-MM effects of GSK1120212b and its ability to synergise with other anti-MM agents, MEK inhibition demonstrates a promising future avenue for the management of MM and warrants further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4579. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4579
Complete Sequence of the Mitochondrial Genome of the Tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta: Gene Arrangements Indicate that Platyhelminths Are Eutrochozoans
Authors: Markus von Nickisch-Rosenegk, Wesley M. Brown, Jeffrey L. Boore
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Using "long-PCR," we amplified in overlapping fragments the complete mitochondrial genome of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda) and determined its 13,900-nt sequence. The gene content is the same as that typically found for animal mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) except that atp8 appears to be lacking, a condition found previously for several other animals. Despite the small size of this mtDNA, there are two large noncoding regions, one of which contains 13 repeats of a 31-nt sequence and a potential stem-loop structure of 25 bp with an 11-member loop. Large potential secondary structures were identified also for the noncoding regions of two other cestode mtDNAs. Comparison of the mitochondrial gene arrangement of H. diminuta with those previously published supports a phylogenetic position of flatworms as members of the Eutrochozoa, rather than placing them basal to either a clade of protostomes or a clade of coelomates.
Interrelation of Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, Factor V Leiden, and Risk of Future Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Paul M. Ridker, Charles H. Hennekens, Jacob Selhub, Joseph P. Miletich, M. Rene Malinow, Meir J. Stampfer
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Because patients with rare familial homocystinuria who also carry factor V Leiden have an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), we hypothesized an interrelation of moderate hyperhomocyst(e)inemia, factor V Leiden, and risk of VTE in the general population.In a large prospective cohort, we determined total homocysteine level and factor V Leiden mutation in baseline blood samples from 145 initially healthy men who subsequently developed VTE and among 646 men who remained free of vascular disease during a 10-year follow-up period. Hyperhomocyst(e)inemia was defined as a total homocysteine level above the 95th percentile (17.25 mumol/L). Compared with men with normal total homocysteine levels, those with hyperhomocyst(e)inemia had no increase in risk of any VTE but were at increased risk of idiopathic VTE (relative risk [RR] = 3.4, P = .002). Compared with men without Leiden mutation, those with mutation were at increased risk of developing any VTE (RR = 2.3, P = .005) as well as idiopathic VTE (RR = 3.6, P = .0002). Compared with men with neither abnormality, those affected by both disorders had a 10-fold increase in risk of any VTE (RR = 9.65, P = .009) and a 20-fold increase in risk of idiopathic VTE (RR = 21.8, P = .0004).Apparently healthy men with coexistent hyperhomocyst(e)inemia and Leiden mutation are at substantially increased risk of developing future VTEs, particularly those events considered idiopathic. In these data, the risk of VTE among doubly affected individuals was far greater than the sum of the individual risks associated with either abnormality alone.