tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Orthopedic Considerations of Trichinosis
Authors: Howard H. Steel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

TRICHINOSIS is a parasitic infestation caused by ingestion of animal flesh infected with encysted viable larvae of<i>Trichinella spiralis</i>. One would like to quote Hippocrates as describing this entity many centuries ago, but for once the great Greek was silent on a subject. Man has been plagued by the disease for many centuries as have certain animals and it would add an interesting facet to the historical side of trichinosis if one could quote a Bible description of the condition, particularly in view of the fact that the old Jewish law forbade the consumption of the flesh of swine. It is not, however, mentioned in the scriptures. Furthermore, the law came from God to Moses and Aaron in Leviticus 11:1-8.<sup>1</sup> The Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron saying unto them, "Say to the Israelites, the following are the creatures you may eat, of all the animals that are on the
Sympathetic Alternans
Authors: Shin-ichi Ando, Hilmi R. Dajani, Beverley L. Senn, Gary E. Newton, John S. Floras
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Alternation in the amplitude of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was documented in three patients with severe heart failure. In the index patient with pulsus alternans, the amplitude of MSNA was inversely related to changes in the preceding diastolic pressure with a lag time of 1.2 to 1.3 seconds, indicating that oscillations in burst amplitude are determined primarily by changes in this component of blood pressure. Spectral analysis of the blood pressure and MSNA signals identified two spectral peaks, one at the cardiac frequency and a second peak, with greater spectral power, at the alternans frequency (ie, at half the heart rate). The latter peak for both blood pressure and MSNA disappeared when alternans was abolished by nitroglycerin. The presence of sympathetic alternans in synchrony with pulsus alternans and the rapid transduction of changes in the diastolic blood pressure afferent signal to the amplitude of sympathetic outflow indicate that the arterial baroreflex control of MSNA must be active and rapidly responsive in human heart failure.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy With Strain and Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Anoop S.V. Shah, Calvin W.L. Chin, Vassilis Vassiliou, S. Joanna Cowell, Mhairi Doris, T’ng Choong Kwok, Scott Semple, Vipin Zamvar, Audrey C. White, Graham McKillop, Nicholas A. Boon, Sanjay K. Prasad, Nicholas L. Mills, David E. Newby, Marc R. Dweck
Journal: Circulation (2014)

ECG left ventricular hypertrophy with strain is associated with an adverse prognosis in aortic stenosis. We investigated the mechanisms and outcomes associated with ECG strain.One hundred and two patients (age, 70 years [range, 63-75 years]; male, 66%; aortic valve area, 0.9 cm(2) [range, 0.7-1.2 cm(2)]) underwent ECG, echocardiography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. They made up the mechanism cohort. Myocardial fibrosis was determined with late gadolinium enhancement (replacement fibrosis) and T1 mapping (diffuse fibrosis). The relationship between ECG strain and cardiovascular magnetic resonance was then assessed in an external validation cohort (n=64). The outcome cohort was made up of 140 patients from the Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) study and was followed up for 10.6 years (1254 patient-years). Compared with those without left ventricular hypertrophy (n=51) and left ventricular hypertrophy without ECG strain (n=30), patients with ECG strain (n=21) had more severe aortic stenosis, increased left ventricular mass index, more myocardial injury (high-sensitivity plasma cardiac troponin I concentration, 4.3 ng/L [interquartile range, 2.5-7.3 ng/L] versus 7.3 ng/L [interquartile range, 3.2-20.8 ng/L] versus 18.6 ng/L [interquartile range, 9.0-45.2 ng/L], respectively; P<0.001) and increased diffuse fibrosis (extracellular volume fraction, 27.4±2.2% versus 27.2±2.9% versus 30.9±1.9%, respectively; P<0.001). All patients with ECG strain had midwall late gadolinium enhancement (positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 86%, respectively). Indeed, late gadolinium enhancement was independently associated with ECG strain (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.77; P=0.02), a finding confirmed in the validation cohort. In the outcome cohort, ECG strain was an independent predictor of aortic valve replacement or cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-5.27; P<0.01).ECG strain is a specific marker of midwall myocardial fibrosis and predicts adverse clinical outcomes in aortic stenosis.
Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class-I Mutants: Molecular Analysis and Structure-Function Implications
Authors: S G Nathenson, J Geliebter, G M Pfaffenbach, R A Zeff
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1986)

The class-I mutants have provided a model system for understanding the generation of diversity of the genes encoding the histocompatibility molecules K, D, and L, and the relationship of their structure to function. The complex nature of the alterations found in Kb molecules from mutant mice has been documented at the nucleic acid level for eight mutants. The clustered changes in the mutant genes are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic recombination between class-I genes generates the Kb mutants. Techniques using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to mutant DNA sequence demonstrated that other class-I genes were available as donors for interaction with the Kb gene to produce the mutations. Intriguingly, donor genes found in the K region (K1) and the D region (Db), as well as the Qa regions (Q4, Q10), were capable of the interactions. The amount of genetic transfer to Kb from other class-I donor genes may range from a potential minimum of 5 nucleotides to a potential maximum of 95 nucleotides. Genealogical analysis of several bm mutants has further indicated that at least some, if not all, of the gene interaction events generating Kb mutations occurred during mitotic amplification of the germ cells. Genetic recombination among class-I genes occurring in nature to the extent observed for the Kbm mutants could readily generate mosaic transplantation genes containing sequences derived from other class-I genes. Thus, it seems likely that genetic interaction plays a major role in the diversification and ongoing evolution of the MHC. The localization of altered amino acids in the in vivo mutant Kb molecules has directed our attention to recognition regions on the Kb product that play a major role in determining alloreactivity and H-2 associative recognition. The replacement of one or a few amino acids in either of the postulated recognition regions located in the alpha 1 domain (residues 70-90) or alpha 2 domain (residues 150-180) can have marked effects on biological function. While the majority of monoclonal antibodies recognize epitopes in one or the other recognition region, CTL recognize determinants dependent on the apparent interaction of amino acids located in both regions. These overall conclusions are supported to a large extent by studies on mutants derived from several sources, i.e. spontaneous mutants, mutagen-induced somatic variants, and products of hybrid H-2 genes. Studies of in vitro variants can provide a more refined approach for analysis of structure-function relationships through the introduction of minimal biochemical changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Connection Between Postma's "Haemangioma Planum Extensum" and Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Isidore Snapper
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN 1927 Postma (1892-1960),<sup>1</sup>a Dutch dermatologist, described the first case of a flushing syndrome in a patient who 4 years later was proven to suffer from an intestinal carcinoid. Postma, who has also made other contributions to internal medicine,<sup>2</sup>designated the disease as "haemangioma planum extensum." The title of his article is important since it indicates that Postma was well aware of the nature of the cutaneous lesion: In his opinion, the ruddiness was due not to the flushing of normal skin but to a hyperemic reaction in a pre-existing angiomatosis of the skin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Postma's patient, a 45-year-old man, had had a ruddy face for as long as he could remember. Between 1924 and 1927, the red color of the face had become darker. In addition, the skin of his arms and trunk and ultimately also of the legs became red. The
Abstract 103: DCPS as a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility gene
Authors: Kelsey M. Gray, Amy M. Dworkin, Jessica L. Fleming, Amanda E. Toland
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DCPS is a candidate cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) susceptibility gene as determined by allelic imbalance mapping of over 400 matched SCC and normal DNA samples. DCPS is one of three genes located in a region of 11q24 showing strong evidence of preferential allelic loss. Consistently, by immunohistochemistry it shows no protein expression in 23% of SCCs and decreased expression in 30% of SCCs. There are high levels of protein expression in all of the normal skin tissues assessed. DCPS, a decapping scavenger enzyme, impacts aspects of mRNA metabolism, such as pre-mRNA splicing and decay. The hypothesis driving this research is that DCPS acts as a tumor suppressor and that in humans there are alleles conferring greater resistance to tumors, which are selectively lost during tumorigenesis. To test whether DCPS acts as a tumor suppressor, we studied functional effects of increasing and decreasing expression of DcpS in a mouse keratinocyte cell line. Pre-mRNA splicing was examined by quantitative assessment of different splice forms of mini-gene transcripts between low, endogenous, and overexpression cell lines. Preliminary data suggest that first intron splicing occurs more efficiently in DcpS overexpression cell lines and that there is no change in second intron splicing in DcpS overexpression cell lines. In stable DcpS knockdown cell lines, no differences were observed in first or second intron splicing. Differences in mRNA stability were assessed between the three levels of expression by mRNA stability assays. Preliminary data suggest that DcpS knockdown cell lines have more stable mRNA of the two tested transcripts than endogenous and overexpression cell lines. By MTT assays to measure proliferation, DcpS knockdown lines exhibited more growth than endogenous and overexpression lines between 24 and 48 hours, but there were no differences at later time points. Future studies will examine apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle parameters in these cell lines. This research has the potential to identify a new mechanism of cancer susceptibility involving RNA splicing and stability, improve cancer risk screening, and identify therapeutic and preventative targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 103. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-103
Immunogenicity of Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: M. COLIN JORDAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Patients with chronic renal failure are candidates for immunization against influenza. Impairment of cell-mediated immunity has been documented in patients with uremia, but studies of serum antibody responsiveness against various antigens show conflicting results. No data are available on serum antibody responses of patients with chronic renal failure who were given influenza vaccine. We compare the serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody responses to inactivated, bivalent influenza virus vaccine of 22 renal-dialysis patients and 28 normal control subjects. No significant differences were found in the temporal, geometric mean titer responses or the frequency of fourfold or greater rises in antibody titer, with either influenza A or influenza B antigen. Since uremic patients on hemodialysis respond adequately to influenza vaccine, annual vaccination is recommended.
HETEROLOGOUS TRANSPLANTATION OF MAMMALIAN TUMORS
Authors: Harry S. N. Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1941)

A series of experiments was undertaken in an attempt to transplant rabbit tumors to animals of alien species using the anterior chamber of the eye as an inoculation site. The uterine tumor H-31 and the breast tumors T-36 and B-240 were successfully transplanted to all the various animals tried, including guinea pigs, swine, goats, and sheep, and the H-31 and T-36 tumors were maintained by serial transfer in the two first species. On the other hand, all attempts to transfer the Brown-Pearce tumor to guinea pigs were unsuccessful. The growth characteristics of the transplanted tumors were generally similar to those observed in the natural host, but noteworthy exceptions occurred. The tumors obtained a blood supply from the foreign host and invaded the periorbital tissues but did not metastasize. Histologically, the cellular morphology of the rabbit tumors was retained, but variations in parenchymal-stromal relations characterized the form of growth in different species.
Role of Drugs in Production of Gastroduodenal Ulcer
Authors: James L. A. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1964)

INDISPUTABLE EVIDENCE of a cause-and-effect relation between drugs and gastroduodenal ulceration is difficult to obtain because a number of variables influence the incidence of ulceration.<sup>1</sup>However, certain drugs have been suspected of ulcerogenic potentiality because of the following circumstantial evidence: the experimental production of ulcer in animals, the demonstration of a drug effect on a mechanism suspected of participating in the pathogenesis of ulcer, a close temporal relationship between the onset of drug administration and manifestation of ulcer de novo, or reactivation of peptic ulcer and the incidence of ulceration during drug therapy in one group of patients compared with a control group not receiving the drug in question. A drug's ulcerogenic potentiality may result from its excessive stimulation of gastric secretion, its interference with mucosal resistance, or both. Although vascular congestion and stasis with reduced vitality in local mucosal areas probably contribute to the pathogenesis, prolonged contact of
Lawrence Joseph Henderson (1878-1942)
Authors: J. H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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Palliation by Surgery
Authors: Alton Ochsner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Although surgeons hope that excisional treatment of cancer of the lung will be curative in many instances, far too frequently it proves to be only palliative. At one time, I believed that the curability rate of surgical extirpation of cancer of the lung would be higher if the diagnosis were made earlier. Further experience has demonstrated, however, that it is extremely difficult to make an early diagnosis, probably because carcinoma of the lung is early angio-invasive in character. Hurst Hatch, MD, who is in charge of our Pulmonary Function Laboratory, conceived the idea that routine cytological study of peripheral arterial blood of patients with carcinoma of the lung should yield a higher percentage of positive neoplastic cells than examination of the systemic venous blood. Of all patients who had pulmonary function studies in our laboratory during a period of more than three years, none without cancer of the lung had
PTH-110 Factors Predictive Of Bile Acid Diarrhoea And Long Term Treatment Outcomes
Authors: M Kurien, JT Gleeson, C Osborne, L Messham, DS Sanders
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is a recognised cause of chronic diarrhoea, however detection remains sub-optimal. Knowledge of factors predictive of BAD could help improve detection. This study evaluates factors predictive of BAD (7 day SeHCAT retention &lt;10%) and determines long treatment outcomes in those instigated on medical therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> 515 patients underwent a SeHCAT test in a University hospital (2001–2012). Of these 41% (210/515) had evidence of BAD. Demographic data, clinical and biochemical indices were collected in all patients tested. Binary logistic regression was then used to determine factors predictive of BAD. 107 of the 210 (51%) patients with BAD were diagnosed between 2001–2009 and commenced on bile acid sequestrants.<sup>1</sup> In March 2013, these patients (n = 107) were re-contacted and reassessed either in a gastroenterology clinic or via telephone consultation, determining their bowel frequency, current symptoms, response to bile acid sequestrants and whether on continuing treatment. Comparisons were made in pre and post treatment variables using a paired sample t-test. <h3>Results</h3> Binary Logistic regression identified only terminal ileal Crohn’s, terminal ileal resection, previous small bowel surgery and cholecystectomy as predictors of BAD (p &lt; 0.0001). With regards to follow up, 54% (58/107) of patients (median age 57 years, range 29–74 years, 42 females) were contactable and agreeable to follow up assessment. The mean time since diagnosis of BAM was 7.1 years, with a mean result of 3.6% at diagnosis. 38% (22/58) of patients were still on bile acid sequestrants at follow up, with 28% using alternative anti-diarrhoeal agents. In those who were on bile acid sequestrant therapy, mean stool frequency decreased from 7.3 stools per day to 3.9 (p &lt; 0.0001). The 34% (20/58) of patients not receiving medical therapy had no change in their daily bowel frequency (7.0 vs 5.35, p = 0.40). The main reason for discontinuing medical therapy in this group was poor tolerability of the prescribed bile acid sequestrant (Colestyramine/ Colestipol). Crohn’s disease was the only alternative diagnosis established in 10% (2/20), accounting for potential persisting symptoms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first longitudinal study to assess patients with BAM and identifies factors predictive of this condition. Our findings suggest BAM is a chronic condition, which best improves with bile acid sequestrants. Given the problems with tolerability of older bile acid sequestrants, consideration should be given to Colsevalam, which may have a better tolerability profile. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Kurien M, <i>et al</i>. Bile acid malabsorption: An under-investigated differential diagnosis in patients presenting with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome type symptoms. <i>Scand J Gastroenterol</i> 2011 Jul;46(7-8):818–22 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
LONG-TERM RESULTS AFTER CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY WITH OR WITHOUT SURGICAL REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE AND LEFT VENTRICLE DYSSYNCHRONY
Authors: Alexander Romanov, Evgeny Pokushalov, Alexander Chernyavskiy, Vitaliy Shabanov, Ilia Stenin, Alexander Karaskov
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Beyond the Hamilton Depression Scores in Long-Term Treatment of Manic-Melancholic Patients: Prediction of Recurrence of Depression by Quality of Life Measurements
Authors: K. Thunedborg, C.H. Black, P. Bech
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

This study should be considered as a pilot study to investigate the applicability and validity of quality of life scales in manic-melancholic patients in long-term, prophylactic treatment. The quality of life instruments included the SmithKline Bee-cham Quality of Life (SBQOL) scale, the PCASEE questionnaire (a modified paper-and-pencil version of the computerized SBQOL), the Psychological General Weil-Being (PGWB) scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study (SF-36) scale. The patients (n = 23) fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria of bipolar or recurrent depressive disorders. They were investigated in a symptom-free period (HAM-D < 14) and again 4 weeks later. The results showed that the quality of life scales had an adequate applicability and internal validity. Furthermore, at first visit a factor analysis identified two factors of which the quality of life scales loaded on the first factor (positive well-being) and the Hamilton scales loaded on the second factor (negative well-being). At the second visit, only one, general, factor emerged, because some of the patients had relapsed. Those patients with a relapse had low quality of life scores at the first visit indicating that the quality of life scales can predict recurrence of depression.
P3-14-11: Comparison of Two Nomograms To Predict Pathologic Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy – Evidence That HER2 Positive Tumors Need Specific Predictors.
Authors: R Rouzier, A Frati, C Coutant, C Bezu, M Antoine, S Uzan, J Chopier, E Chereau, J Gligorov
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare two different nomograms to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to preoperative chemotherapy in an independent cohort of 200 patients with breast cancer. The first model was the MDACC nomogram published in 2005 and the other one was a nomogram based on the number of preoperative courses, Ki-67 and steroid hormone receptors expression published by Colleoni et al. in 2010 Patients and methods: Data from 200 patients with breast carcinoma treated with preoperative chemotherapy and operated at Tenon Hospital from 2001 to 2009 were collected. We calculated pCR rate predictions with the two nomograms and compare those predictions with outcome. Patients received between 4 and 8 course of anthracycline/taxanes based chemotherapy. More than 90% of patients with HER2 positive tumors received concomitant trastuzumab with taxanes. Model performances were quantified with respect to discrimination (evaluated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUC)) and calibration. Results: In the entire population, the AUC for the MDACC nomogram and the Colleoni nomogram were respectively 0.74 and 0.75. Both of them underestimated the pCR rate (p=0.02 and 0.0005). When excluding patients treated with trastuzumab, the AUC were 0.78 for both of them with no significant difference between the predicted and the observed pCR (p=0.14 and 0.15). When analyzing the specific population treated with trastuzumab as preoperative treatment, the AUC for the MDACC nomogram and the Colleoni nomogram were respectively 0.52 and 0.53. Conclusion: The MDACC and the Colleoni nomograms are accurate to predict the probability of pCR after preoperative chemotherapy in HER2 negative population but did not correctly predict pCR in HER2 positive patients who received trastuzumab. This suggests that response to preoperative chemotherapy including trastuzumab is biologically driven and that a specific nomogram or predictor for HER2 positive patients has to be developed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-11.