tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9930: Cost Effectiveness of Improved Acute Myocardial Infarction Treatment in China: Projections From the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model-China
Authors: Miao Wang, Andrew Moran, Jing Liu, Pamela Coxson, Paul Heidenreich, Dongfeng Gu, Jiang He, Lee Goldman, Dong Zhao
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Currently, only 50% of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receive reperfusion therapy in China, and four standard oral medications-aspirin, beta blocker, statins, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-are utilized together in only 44-48% of hospitalized patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study was to simulate the effectiveness and costs of AMI treatment after improving utilization of selected standard AMI treatments in China by using the coronary heart disease(CHD) Policy Model-China. Methods: The CHD Policy Model-China is a computer-simulation, Markov model of cardiovascular disease which could simulate the incidence trend of AMI, cost and effectiveness of treatments. Current utilization of selected AMI interventions in China were obtained from the Bridging the Gap in Coronary Heart Disease Secondary Prevention in China Project. In eligible patients, 100% utilization was simulated for 1) four standard oral drugs for all AMI, 2) unfractionated heparin for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEMI), 3) reperfusion using percutaneous intervention(PCI) or thrombolysis for STEMI, and 4) early invasive PCI for NSTEMI. Results: The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of improving utilization of any of the selected acute in-hospital AMI treatments ranged from $2,977 to $24,558 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Improving utilization of four standard oral medications in 100% of AMI patients by itself could save about 9,000 CHD deaths each year. Achieving 100% reperfusion in eligible STEMI patients with PCI would prevent the most CHD deaths (49,000 /year) and achieve the highest QALY increase (177,000/year). The ICER of achieving 100% reperfusion in eligible STEMI patients with PCI is 2.4 time higher than with thrombolysis, but could prevent 3 times CHD death than the latter. Only the ICER of PCI for NSTEMI was above the pre-determined cost effectiveness threshold for China ($7,974 per QALY gained). Conclusions: With the exception of PCI for NSTEMI, improved utilization of any of the acute in-hospital MI treatments was projected to be highly effective, and relatively low cost. Improving utilization of acute AMI treatments will be a useful strategy to prevent CHD deaths in China.
Naturalizing the normative and the bridges between “is” and “ought”
Authors: Katinka J. P. Quintelier, Daniel M. T. Fessler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Elqayam &amp; Evans (E&amp;E) suggest descriptivism as a way to avoid fallacies and research biases. We argue, first, that descriptive and prescriptive theories might be better off with a closer interaction between “is” and “ought.” Moreover, while we acknowledge the problematic nature of the discussed fallacies and biases, important aspects of research would be lost through a broad application of descriptivism.
Preventing sports and leisure injuries
Authors: H. Campbell, D. Stone
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Despite the British government's avowed commitment to accident prevention,1 2 there seems to have been little progress towards developing effective programmes for preventing injuries sustained during leisure activities. This policy inertia may simply reflect a more general public indifference to leisure injuries, which many people (mistakenly) regard as unavoidable. But the media can generate interest in such injuries if the circumstances are sufficiently dramatic or if well known personalities are involved. Few in Scotland, for example, were left unaware of the recent deaths of the boxer James Murray, the climber Alison Hargreaves, and the skier Kirsteen McGibbon. Highly publicised incidents like these have drawn public attention to the serious casualties that can occur during sport and leisure activity.

How important are sports and leisure injuries as a public health problem? Few studies have been conducted,3 4 5 6 so assessing the scale of the …
The role of NPM, p14arf and MDM2 in precursors of bronchial squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: C. Mascaux, F. Bex, B. Martin, A. Burny, A. Haller, M. Paesmans, K. Willard-Gallo, V. Ninane, J-P. Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Murine double minute clone 2 (MDM2), p14 alternate reading frame (p14arf), and nucleophosmin (NPM) regulate p53 activity. A total of 200 biopsies, including normal bronchial, pre-invasive and invasive tissues, were examined for changes in NPM, p14arf, MDM2 and p53 expression patterns by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence with confocal microscopy. NPM and p14arf displayed a diffuse nuclear staining in most normal bronchial tissue. The fraction of biopsies displaying an increased MDM2 staining or a nucleolar relocalisation of NPM increased at mild and moderate dysplasia, respectively. Two different modifications occurred in p14arf expression, i.e. its loss or its nucleolar relocalisation, both increasing at severe dysplasia and both being associated with high MDM2 expression. In addition, the nucleolar relocalisation of p14arf was associated with that of NPM. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that NPM and p14arf either co-localised in the nucleoplasm or in the nucleoli, before and as a result of severe dysplasia, respectively. MDM2 was not detected in the nucleoli. Thus, changes occur in murine double minute clone 2, p14 alternate reading frame and nucleophosmin level of expression and/or cellular distribution during early steps of lung carcinogenesis. Their relative localisation as determined by immunofluorescence, supports the hypothesis that p14 alternate reading frame nucleolar relocalisation impairs p14 alternate reading frame–murine double minute clone 2 complex formation and that nucleophosmin might sequester p14 alternate reading frame. The demonstration of this hypothesis requires further functional studies.
Transient Ischemic Attack after Air Contrast Echocardiography in Patients with Septal Aneurysm
Authors: T. Narain Srivastava
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 March 1995Transient Ischemic Attack after Air Contrast Echocardiography in Patients with Septal AneurysmT. Narain Srivastava and Eric K. UndesserT. Narain SrivastavaVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216.Search for more papers by this author and Eric K. UndesserVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-5-199503010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Intravenous air is frequently used during echocardiography to show right-to-left heart shunting [1]. Small amounts are considered safe because of the lung's filtering action. Associated cerebral ischemic symptoms have not been reported either because of their infrequency or subtlety or because of a reluctance to report an iatrogenic complication. We have done 46 air contrast studies in patients in whom atrial septal aneurysm was diagnosed during routine echocardiography. Right-to-left shunts were found in seven patients, and transient ischemic attacks occurred in three patients.Contrast echocardiography [2] was done using 10 mL of agitated air and normal saline. ...References1. Valdes-Cruz L, Pieroni D, Roland J, Varghese J. Echocardiographic detection of intracardiac right-to-left shunts following peripheral vein injections. Circulation. 1976; 54:558-62. Google Scholar2. Henry WL, DeMaria A, Gramiak R, et al. Report of the American Society of Echocardiography Committee on nomenclature and standards in two-dimensional echocardiography. Circulation. 1980; 62:212-7. Google Scholar3. Spencer MP. Detection of cerebral arterial emboli. In: Newell DW, Aaslid R, eds. Transcranial Doppler. New York: Raven Press; 1992:215-30. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySafety of Ultrasound Contrast Agents in Patients With Known or Suspected Cardiac ShuntsHead-to-head comparison of real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with transthoracic and transesophageal two-dimensional contrast echocardiography for the detection of patent foramen ovaleUnable to speak—because of a dripParadoxical Symptomatic Air Embolism after Saline Contrast Transesophageal Echocardiography 1 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 5Page: 396KeywordsAneurysmsCarbon dioxideEchocardiographyExerciseHeartLungsOxygenPatient advocacySaline solutionsTransient ischemic attacks Issue Published: 1 March 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in Abortions and Births and the Texas Parental Notification Law
Authors: Theodore Joyce, Robert Kaestner, Silvie Colman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

On January 1, 2000, Texas began enforcement of a law that requires physicians to notify a parent of a minor child seeking an abortion at least 48 hours before the procedure.We assessed changes in the rates in Texas of abortions and births (events per 1000 age-specific population) before enforcement of the parental notification law (1998 to 1999) and after enforcement (2000 to 2002). We did this by comparing the rate changes among minors 15 to 17 years of age at the time of conception (i.e., those who were subject to the law) with those of teens 18 years of age at the time of conception (i.e., those who were not subject to the law).After enforcement of the law, abortion rates fell by 11 percent among 15-year-olds (rate ratio, 0.89; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.94), 20 percent among 16-year-olds (rate ratio, 0.80; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.85), and 16 percent among 17-year-olds (rate ratio 0.84; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.80 to 0.87), relative to the rates among 18-year-olds. Among the subgroup of minors 17.50 to 17.74 years of age at the time of conception (who would have been subject to the parental notification law in early pregnancy), birth rates rose by 4 percent relative to those of teens 18.00 to 18.24 years of age (rate ratio, 1.04; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.08). The adjusted odds ratio for having an abortion after 12 weeks' gestation among minors 17.50 to 17.74 years of age as compared with 18-year-olds was 1.34 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.62).The Texas parental notification law was associated with a decline in abortion rates among minors from 15 to 17 years of age. It was also associated with increased birth rates and rates of abortion during the second trimester among a subgroup of minors who were 17.50 to 17.74 years of age at the time of conception.
Textbook of Immunopathology
Authors: Cecil A. Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The second edition of this textbook of immunopathology is a welcome addition to a number of new and revised texts on immunology. It has been considerably enlarged and the number of contributors increased. The first chapters deal with the fundamentals of immunology, namely, the cellular basis of immune responses, immunoglobulins, complement, genetic control of immune responsiveness, anaphylaxis, antigen-antibody complexes, and delayed hypersensitivity. These have been brought to date and are excellent. Because the coagulation mechanism is so important in the inflammatory process, a new chapter dealing with this theme is a very worthwhile addition. However, I do find fault with the organization of the rest of the text. The chapters on experimental immune diseases such as of the CNS, thyroid, and kidney could perhaps have been combined with the ones dealing with the clinical immunopathology of these organs. There is considerable redundancy at present. A discussion of HLA antigens can
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF AGRANULOCYTIC ANGINA
Authors: Eugene C. Piette
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Microscopic slides from a case of this rare disease promise interesting and unusual findings, in addition to suggesting the possible answers to several difficult questions. What are the inflammatory changes when the army of defense, the polymorphonuclears, is completely destroyed? What is the significance of the clinical symptoms? Where are the primary lesions located, and what is the cause of this disease?  As was pointed out in the clinical report of this case by Dr. J. H. Skiles,1only the abdominal cavity was examined. The necropsy was performed ten hours after death. I fixed the tissues in Bouin's fluid and made paraffin sections from the liver, spleen, kidneys, stomach, ovary and suprarenal glands. Hematoxylin-eosin, Gram-Weigert's, Gram's (original) methylene blue and Wright's stains were used.  The liver showed no marked changes, its general structure being well preserved. In some places, diffuse perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was present, while the capillaries and
T-cell receptor ligation causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein degradation and F-actin assembly downregulation
Authors: Yuko Watanabe, Yoji Sasahara, Narayanaswamy Ramesh, Michel J Massaad, Chung Yeng Looi, Satoru Kumaki, Shigeo Kure, Raif S Geha, Shigeru Tsuchiya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Elevated plasma sVCAM‐1 levels in children with sickle cell disease: Impact of chronic transfusion therapy
Authors: Vishwas S. Sakhalkar, Sreedhar P. Rao, Jeremy Weedon, Scott T. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has been implicated as being important in the pathophysiology of acute pain episodes (APE) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) of sickle cell disease (SCD). The frequency of these episodes is reduced by chronic transfusion therapy. The impact of chronic transfusion therapy on VCAM-1 expression is unknown. Soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were measured in plasma using an ELISA assay (R&D Systems) in 61 patients with SCD (age range 1.5-20 years) and 12 normal controls (2.5-14 years). SCD patients included 20 with ACS, 14 with APE, 12 at well-child visits, and 15 receiving chronic transfusion therapy. Asymptomatic SCD patients had higher sVCAM-1 levels compared to normal subjects (P < 0.001). Levels of sVCAM-1 were further elevated during ACS (P < 0.001) and APE (P = 0.072) and returned to the asymptomatic range on resolution. Levels were significantly lower in transfused patients (P = 0.003) compared to asymptomatic SCD patients. Our findings of increased VCAM-1 expression during ACS and perhaps APE offer a rationale for therapeutic use of cytokine and other VCAM-1 modulators. The reduction of sVCAM-1 levels observed in our transfused SCD patients offers insight into the mechanism of the protective effect of transfusion against ACS and APE and possibly stroke.
Burden of dengue fever is higher than previously thought
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Governments are seriously underestimating the numbers of people infected with dengue fever, a conference in London has heard.

Simon Hay, professor of epidemiology at Oxford University, told an International Society for Neglected Tropical Diseases conference on 15 October that when he and a team from the Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group at Oxford undertook a sophisticated mapping exercise to project the burden of the disease their figures were far greater than previous estimates.1

The mapping process found 390 million dengue infections in 2010, occurring in 106 countries. Of that number 96 million were serious enough for patients to seek medical attention. The study authors said that this was more than three times the number of infections—50 to 100 million—the World Health Organization had previously estimated.

The Aedes aegypti …
Tincture of Siegesbeckia Orientalis in Ringworm
Authors: J. Hutchison
Journal: BMJ (1887)

disease which directly caused the symptoms, but the chemical pro- ducts the result of their action upon the tissues.This, he tbought, opened out the interesting question, might not lactic acid, which had been said to play such an important r6le in the production of rheu- matism, be the chief ptomaine of this disease ?The well-known ex- periments of Dr. Richardson, and the observations by Sir Walter Foster of the development of rheumatism during the administration of lactic acid, suggested its being an important factor in the production of the disease.The manifestation of similar symptoms in other dis- eases night be accounted for by the ptomaines being of a similar nature.He had found that cultivations of bacteria found respectively in rheumatism, tonsillitis, erythema nodosum, and scarlatina produced lactic acid fermentation in sterilised milkIn conclusion, Dr. Mantle stated that he hoped to give the results of further research into this interesting question at a future time.He felt, however, convinced that rheumatism was produced by the agency of a bacterium, which he thought in most cases entered the system through the lymphoid structure of the tonsil.The necessary pabulum being found, the organism multiplied, its morbid action was confined chiefly to the lymphatic system, the serous membranes being affected in preference to other structures.The fact of salicine-a potent germicide-being so successful in the treatment of the disease strengthened this theory.
Endothelial PI3K-C2α, a class II PI3K, has an essential role in angiogenesis and vascular barrier function
Authors: Kazuaki Yoshioka, Kotaro Yoshida, Hong Cui, Tomohiko Wakayama, Noriko Takuwa, Yasuo Okamoto, Wa Du, Xun Qi, Ken Asanuma, Kazushi Sugihara, Sho Aki, Hidekazu Miyazawa, Kuntal Biswas, Chisa Nagakura, Masaya Ueno, Shoichi Iseki, Robert J Schwartz, Hiroshi Okamoto, Takehiko Sasaki, Osamu Matsui, Masahide Asano, Ralf H Adams, Nobuyuki Takakura, Yoh Takuwa
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Empirical Evidence of Alexithymia
Authors: M. von Rad, F. Lolas
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

In spite of the wide discussion on alexithymia for the last years, empirical research aimed at its testing or validation has been remarkably scarce. Two basic approaches can be distinguished: psychometric investigations (for instance, using questionnaires) based upon previous operationalization of 'alexithymic' behavior and direct observation of behavioral patterns in different types of individuals. This second approach entails the relating of these behavioral features to alexithymia. As an example, our research results from these situations will be presented and discussed. The emphasis will be placed upon psychodynamic models. It is shown that the conditions under which the exploration is carried out are particularly important for the manifestation of 'alexithymic' characteristics in speech.
Clinical efficacy of sublingual‐swallow immunotherapy: a double‐blind, olacebo‐controlled trial of a standardized five‐grass‐pollen extract in rhinitis
Authors: R. Clavel, J. Bousquet, C. André
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Sublingual‐swallow immunotherapy (SLIT) using high doses of standardized allergen extracts has been found to be effective in reducing allergic symptoms and medication needs. A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was carried out in a large number of patients to determine whether medication needs can be reduced by SLIT. Some 136 patients with grass‐pollen rhinitis with or without mild asthma were studied. Patients received either placebo or SLIT with a standardized grass‐pollen extract administered daily with increasing doses up to 300 IR (index of reactivity) from January to the end of July 1994. During the grass‐pollen season, patients were instructed to use medications as required and to visit their doctors in case of asthma. Symptom‐medications scores were assessed during the pollen season, and serum‐specific IgG4 was measured before and at the end of SLIT. In the SLIT group, drug consumption dropped significantly throughout the pollen season ( P &lt;0.02). Moreover, at the peak of the pollen season, betamethasone consumption was significantly reduced in the SLIT group ( P &lt;0.02). Only one patient in the SLIT group had an asthma attack compared to eight patients in the placebo group ( P &lt;0.02). IgG4 levels increased significantly in the SLIT group ( P &lt;0.001) but without correlation with symptoms. Side‐effects were comparable in both groups. This study indicates that SLIT in grass‐pollen rhinitis is well tolerated, improves overall clinical symptoms, and reduces drug consumption and the need for oral corticosteroids.
The posterior left atrial echocardiogram of mitral regurgitation.
Authors: R Patton, L Dragatakis, D Marpole, A Sniderman
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The motion of the posterior wall of the normal left atrium has not been studied systematically. The superoposterior portion of the left atrium is adynamic throughout the cardiac cycle, whereas the inferoposterior portion is displaced posteriorly with left atrial filling during ventricular systole. In the present study, the left atrial diameter (LAD), the left atrial systolic motion (LASM) and the left atrial systolic velocity (LASV), were determined in the following groups of patients: 34 normals; eight patients with either coronary artery disease or aortic stenosis; six patients with aortic insufficiency; and three patients with ventricular septal defect. The results obtained were compared to 15 patients with angiographically documented mitral regurgitation. In the last group, the LAD (4.2 +/- .19 cm) and LASV (12.3 +/- 1.23 cm) and LASM (1.2 +/- 0.4 cm) were significantly greater reflecting the early accentuated filling of the left atrium induced by mitral regurgitation. As well, the product of these three parameters was greater in the mitral regurgitation group (63.2 +/- 7.34 cm3/sec) than in the other groups and patients with mild to moderate regurgitation had a significantly lower value than those with moderate to severe regurgitation (45.7 +/- 4.1 vs 78.5 +/- 10.9, P less than 0.02). The left atrial echocardiogram, therefore, is an aid in the diagnosis of mitral regurgitation and provides a rough index of the severity of the lesion.
Antiviral therapy increases the risk of bacterial infections in HCV-infected cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation: A retrospective study
Authors: Jose A. Carrión, Eva Martínez-Bauer, Gonzalo Crespo, Santseharay Ramírez, Sofia Pérez-del-Pulgar, Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas, Miquel Navasa, Xavier Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Suicide and accidental death at Beachy Head.
Authors: S J Surtees
Journal: BMJ (1982)

During 1965-79, 124 deaths occurred at Beachy Head cliffs. A coroner9s verdict of suicide was returned in 58. The yearly numbers increased during the period along with a reduction in the proportion of suicide verdicts. At least 115 of the deaths were almost certainly suicides, and the most likely cause for the change in the proportion of suicide verdicts was a change of coroner. The reputation of the place, the publicity given to each suicide, the accessibility of the site, and the lack of preparation required all influence the choice of this method and it may be replacing other ways of suicide locally.