tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes Improves Wound Healing and Survival After Experimental Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Ulrich Hofmann, Niklas Beyersdorf, Johannes Weirather, Anna Podolskaya, Johann Bauersachs, George Ertl, Thomas Kerkau, Stefan Frantz
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The role of adaptive immunity, especially CD4(+) T-helper cells, has not yet been systematically investigated in wound healing and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, we studied whether CD4(+) T cells become activated and influence wound healing after experimental MI in mice.When we compared sham versus MI in wild-type (WT) mice, T-cell receptor-dependent activation of both conventional Foxp3(-) and regulatory Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells could be demonstrated in heart-draining lymph nodes within the first week after MI. Concomitantly, we found infiltration of CD4(+) T cells in infarcted myocardium. To study the role of CD4(+) T cells in wound healing and remodeling, CD4(+) T-cell-deficient mice (CD4 knockout [KO], MHCII(Δ/Δ)) and T-cell receptor-transgenic OT-II mice recognizing an irrelevant ovalbumin-derived peptide were studied. Serial echocardiography up to day 56 after MI revealed increased left ventricular dilation in CD4 KO compared with WT mice. Within the infarcted myocardium, CD4 KO mice displayed higher total numbers of leukocytes and proinflammatory monocytes (18.3±3.0 10(4)/mg WT versus 75.7±17.0 10(4)/mg CD4 KO, P<0.05). MHCII(Δ/Δ) and OT-II mice displayed significantly greater mortality (21% WT versus 48% OT-II, P<0.05, and WT 22% versus 52% MHCII(Δ/Δ), P<0.05) and myocardial rupture rates than WT mice. Collagen matrix formation in the infarct zone was severely disturbed in CD4 KO and MHCII(Δ/Δ) mice, as well as in OT-II mice.The present study provides the first evidence that CD4(+) T cells become activated after MI, presumably driven by recognition of cardiac autoantigens, and facilitate wound healing of the myocardium.
Tuberculosis and Homelessness in the United States, 1994-2003
Authors: Maryam B. Haddad
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Tuberculosis (TB) rates among US homeless persons cannot be calculated because they are not included in the US Census. However, homelessness is often associated with TB.To describe homeless persons with TB and to compare risk factors and disease characteristics between homeless and nonhomeless persons with TB.Cross-sectional analysis of all verified TB cases reported into the National TB Surveillance System from the 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1994 through 2003.Number and proportion of TB cases associated with homelessness, demographic characteristics, risk factors, disease characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Of 185,870 cases of TB disease reported between 1994 and 2003, 11,369 were among persons classified as homeless during the 12 months before diagnosis. The annual proportion of cases associated with homelessness was stable (6.1%-6.7%). Regional differences occurred with a higher proportion of TB cases associated with homelessness in western and some southern states. Most homeless persons with TB were male (87%) and aged 30 to 59 years. Black individuals represented the highest proportion of TB cases among the homeless and nonhomeless. The proportion of homeless persons with TB who were born outside the United States (18%) was lower than that for nonhomeless persons with TB (44%). At the time of TB diagnosis, 9% of homeless persons were incarcerated, usually in a local jail; 3% of nonhomeless persons with TB were incarcerated. Compared with nonhomeless persons, homeless persons with TB had a higher prevalence of substance use (54% alcohol abuse, 29.5% noninjected drug use, and 14% injected drug use), and 34% of those tested had coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus. Compared with nonhomeless persons, TB disease in homeless persons was more likely to be infectious but not more likely to be drug resistant. Health departments managed 81% of TB cases in homeless persons. Directly observed therapy, used for 86% of homeless patients, was associated with timely completion of therapy. A similar proportion in both groups (9%) died from any cause during therapy.Individual TB risk factors often overlap with risk factors for homelessness, and the social contexts in which TB occurs are often complex and important to consider in planning TB treatment. Nevertheless, given good case management, homeless persons with TB can achieve excellent treatment outcomes.
Oral and Inhaled Sodium Cromoglycate in Challenge Test with Food Allergens or Acetylsalicylic Acid
Authors: Ronald Dahl
Journal: Allergy (1981)

The prophylactic effect of oral and inhaled sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in challenge tests of patients with IgE‐mediated food allergy or sensitivity towards acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was investigated. In food allergic patients SCG administered orally protected against an asthmatic reaction whereas inhaled SCG was without effect. In ASA sensitivity neither oral nor inhaled SCG protected the patients against bronchospasms. SCG seems to act on mucosal surfaces and may inhibit uptake of macromolecular antigens but not affect the absorption of ASA.
Assessing Hospital-Associated Deaths-Reply
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Wagner argues that it would be more appropriate to observe hospital-associated mortality during a period from admission to 30 days after discharge rather than from admission to 30 days after admission. He observes that in states such as New York, with very long stays for certain patients with certain conditions (such as stroke), taking a period of 30 days after admission omits a substantial number of inpatient deaths; he also is concerned that physicians can delay inpatient deaths so that they fall after the 30-day observation period and artificially improve the performance of the hospital. The problem Dr Wagner identifies in data from New York is largely that New York hospitals are serving as skilled nursing facilities for a number of terminally ill patients, a situation that is much less frequent in other states. The statistic he proposes would charge New York hospitals with deaths that would
Findings of Danish study on risk of colon cancer in bisphosphonate users were misinterpreted
Authors: B. Abrahamsen, M. Pazianas, R. G. G. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Vinogradova and colleagues misinterpreted the findings of our Danish national cohort study on the risk of colon cancer in bisphosphonate users.1 2 Moreover, they did not account for possible bias due to the longer survival of bisphosphonate users in the type of case-control studies that they performed.

Risk was reduced in long term bisphosphonate users (more than six months) in …
Limitations of Administrative Databases—Reply
Authors: Mary S. Vaughan Sarrazin, Gary E. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diminished arterial elasticity in diabetes: association with fluorescent advanced glycosylation end products in collagen
Authors: K E J. Airaksinen, P. I Salmela, M. K Linnaluoto, M. J Ikaheimo, K. Ahola, L. J Ryhanen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins occurs in diabetes and advanced glycosylated end products can accumulate in long lived proteins such as vascular collagen and reduce the elasticity of vessel walls. To evaluate the potential association of advanced glycosylated end products in collagen with diminished arterial elasticity in diabetes, 14 diabetic and 14 age and sex matched non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease were studied. Methods: Arterial elasticity was assessed in terms of carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity and by measuring the change in ascending aortic diameter induced by pulse pressure. Collagen linked fluorescence, a measure of advanced glycosylated end products, was determined from tissue specimens of the skin, ascending aorta, and right atrial appendage taken during coronary bypass surgery. Results: As a sign of diminished arterial elasticity, carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity was raised (p<0.01) and change in ascending aortic diameter tended to be diminished (p=0.09) in the diabetic patients. Collagen linked fluorescence was increased (p<0.05) in the myocardium of the diabetic group, but the difference in skin and aorta was not significant. Collagen linked fluorescence between the aorta, skin, and myocardium correlated with each other (r=0.64-0.77). Collagen linked fluorescence in the aorta and myocardium correlated with carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (r=0.63 and r=0.67, respectively) in the diabetic group but not in the control group. Conclusions: These data suggest that non-enzymatic glycosylation of matrix proteins, and specifically collagen, may modify arterial elasticity in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:942-945
Amicrobial pustulosis associated with autoimmune diseases: healing with zinc supplementation
Authors: N. Bénéton, P. Wolkenstein, M. Bagot, A. Cosnes, J. Wechsler, J.C. Roujeau, J. Revuz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Amicrobial pustulosis associated with autoimmune diseases is an eruption involving the cutaneous flexures and scalp. We report two young women with this disease, in whom pustulosis healed with zinc supplementation. We suggest that it may be relevant to measure plasma zinc level in patients with such a disease.
Tuberculoma of the Lung
Authors: E. N. Moyes
Journal: Thorax (1951)

The term tuberculoma of the lung is used here to describe a rounded, homo- geneous radiographic opacity, with well-defined borders, one centimetre or more in diameter, of a tuberculous nature; no histological pattern is inferred.In the past such shadows have been called Assmann's foci, solitary or round foci, coin lesions, nodular tuberculosis, and localized caseous pneumonias, but none of these terms has come into general use.As a result of the wider application of chest radio- graphy, this form of pulmonary tuberculosis is now being seen more frequently than in the past.Many problems are presented by these lesions, and in the avail- able literature there is no uniformity of opinion concerning them.Only passing reference will be made in this paper to the problem of diagnosis ; their natural history and treatment will be discussed in greater detail. MATERIALThe material on which this study has been based consists of all cases seen at the Brompton Hospital between 1935 and 1950 in which a minimum follow-up of three years could be obtained.A few treated by pulmonary resection have been followed for a shorter time.Forty-one cases were collected, but this total does not reflect the frequency of this form of tuberculosis, , s many more were discarded because of inadequacy of data or short duration of surveillance.The tuberculoma was the sole abnormality on the original radiograph in 29 cases, but in 12 there was minimal disease elsewhere in the lungs.PATHOLOGY Three broad patterns were seen: (1) post-primary caseous pneumonia, (2) inspis- sated cavity, and (3) primary focus.Assmann (1925, 1930), Stefko (1928), Beitzke (1931), Straub (1932), and others described the histology of the rounded form of early infiltrate as an exudative pro- cess, a localized tuberculous bronchopneumonia in which caseation might be found and which might involve a bronchus with discharge of its contents and the assump- tion of cavitary characteristics.Small contiguous foci were frequently present, and the main lesion was surrounded by a capsule of varying density and morphology dependent on its age and chronicity.They were considered to be reinfection foci.Following the work of Coryllos (1933Coryllos ( , 1936) ) on the mechanics and biology of tuberculous cavities, blockage of the draining bronchus followed by inspissation of the contents has become recognized as a possible natural mechanism of cavity heal- ing.
Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Regulation in Early Parkinson Disease
Authors: David P. Breen, Romina Vuono, Upekshani Nawarathna, Kate Fisher, John M. Shneerson, Akhilesh B. Reddy, Roger A. Barker
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Sleep disturbances are recognized as a common nonmotor complaint in Parkinson disease but their etiology is poorly understood.
Der p 1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruption of tight junctions
Authors: Hong Wan, Helen L. Winton, Christian Soeller, Euan R. Tovey, Dieter C. Gruenert, Philip J. Thompson, Geoffrey A. Stewart, Graham W. Taylor, David R. Garrod, Mark B. Cannell, Clive Robinson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

House dust mite (HDM) allergens are important factors in the increasing prevalence of asthma. The lung epithelium forms a barrier that allergens must cross before they can cause sensitization. However, the mechanisms involved are unknown. Here we show that the cysteine proteinase allergen Der p 1 from fecal pellets of the HDM Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus causes disruption of intercellular tight junctions (TJs), which are the principal components of the epithelial paracellular permeability barrier. In confluent airway epithelial cells, Der p 1 led to cleavage of the TJ adhesion protein occludin. Cleavage was attenuated by antipain, but not by inhibitors of serine, aspartic, or matrix metalloproteinases. Putative Der p 1 cleavage sites were found in peptides from an extracellular domain of occludin and in the TJ adhesion protein claudin-1. TJ breakdown nonspecifically increased epithelial permeability, allowing Der p 1 to cross the epithelial barrier. Thus, transepithelial movement of Der p 1 to dendritic antigen-presenting cells via the paracellular pathway may be promoted by the allergen's own proteolytic activity. These results suggest that opening of TJs by environmental proteinases may be the initial step in the development of asthma to a variety of allergens.
Abstract C25: Hsp27 is required for EGF-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer
Authors: Thomas Cordonnier, Jennifer L. Bishop, Masaki Shiota, Ario Takeuchi, Ka Mun Nip, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer and the second leading cause cancer death in North American men. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic PCa development is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality. An important determinant for metastasis is epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). We show that the molecular chaperone Hsp27 drives EMT in PCa cells by decreasing epithelial cell markers, upregulating mesenchymal markers and enhancing cell migration and MMP-9 activity. Mechanistically, Hsp27 is required for EMT induced by epidermal growh factor (EGF) via modulation of the beta-catenin/Slug signaling pathway. Hsp27 knockdown induces sequestration of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm by increasing its binding to GSK3beta and abrogating EGF induced beta-catenin nuclear translocation. Additionally, by decreasing the nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, Hsp27 knockdown decreases the binding of beta-catenin to the Slug promoter, thereby abrogating its transcriptional activity. As Slug is known to be a critical factor in EMT induction, we confirmed the role of Hsp27 in EGF mediated EMT using Hsp27 knockdown. To address a role for Hsp27 in promoting aggressive PCa in vivo, Hsp27 was suppressed in a murine model of PCa using the antisense drug OGX-427 (currently in phase II clinical trials). We found OGX-427 treatment significantly reduces tumor cell metastasis in mice, and moreover, decreases circulating tumor cell counts in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. This study defines a role for Hsp27 as a critical regulator of EGF dependent EMT and highlights Hsp27 is an attractive anti-cancer target for metastatic PCa. Citation Format: Thomas Cordonnier, Jennifer L. Bishop, Masaki Shiota, Ario Takeuchi, Ka Mun Nip, Martin Gleave, Amina Zoubeidi. Hsp27 is required for EGF-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C25.
The Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test and Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Carl B. Lauter, M. Riad El Khatib, James A. Rising, Erwin Robin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The nitroblue tetrazolium dye test was evaluated in 16 patients with acute myocardial infarction, a stressful, noninfectious disease. All subjects had positive tests during the acute phase of their illness. Over a 2-week period the values fell into the control range in 7 of 10 patients who were serially tested. Three patients who developed complications had persistently positive tests. There was no correlation between the test and fever, total leukocyte count, or myocardial enzyme values. Anticoagulant therapy did not seem to affect the results. Neutrophil activation was thus shown in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This activation was related to the age of the infarction and seemed to correlate with the stages of maximal neutrophilic infiltration in the damaged areas.
Communicating with Patients about Their Medications
Authors: D A Kessler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

WE live at a time when consumers and patients want to know more about the food they consume and the drugs they take, and their appetite for information is growing. Yet the nation is also facing a communications gap that has serious implications for the public health. This gap extends from what patients want to know about their medicines to what they actually learn from their physicians and pharmacists. The uncertainties of patients, who receive approximately 1.5 billion prescriptions a year, contribute to the failure of many of them to benefit fully from their medications. Evidence suggests that inadequate communication . . .
In vivo metabolism of a mutant form of apolipoprotein A-I, apo A-IMilano, associated with familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia.
Authors: P Roma, R E Gregg, M S Meng, R Ronan, L A Zech, G Franceschini, C R Sirtori, H B Brewer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Apo A-IMilano is a mutant form of apo A-I in which cysteine is substituted for arginine at amino acid 173. Subjects with apo A-IMilano are characterized by having low levels of plasma HDL cholesterol and apo A-I. To determine the kinetic etiology of the decreased plasma levels of the apo A-I in these individuals, normal and mutant apo A-I were isolated, radiolabeled with either 125I or 131I, and both types of apo A-I were simultaneously injected into two normal control subjects and two subjects heterozygous for apo A-IMilano. In the normal subjects, apo A-IMilano was catabolized more rapidly than the normal apo A-I (mean residence times of 5.11 d for normal apo A-I vs. 3.91 d for apo A-IMilano), clearly establishing that apo A-IMilano is kinetically abnormal and that it has a shortened residence time in plasma. In the two apo A-IMilano subjects, both types of apo A-I were catabolized more rapidly than normal (residence times ranging from 2.63 to 3.70 d) with normal total apo A-I production rates (mean of 10.3 vs. 10.4 mg/kg per d in the normal subjects). Therefore, in the subjects with apo A-IMilano, the decreased apo A-I levels are caused by rapid catabolism of apo A-I and not to a decreased production rate, and the abnormal apo A-IMilano leads to the rapid catabolism of both the normal and mutant forms of apo A-I in the affected subjects.
Macroscopic Cysts of the Pancreas in Cystic Fibrosis Demonstrated by Multiple Radiological Modalities
Authors: Robert J. Churchill
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>History</h3> A 16-year-old girl was known to have cystic fibrosis for many years, with the diagnosis substantiated by sweat test results. The clinical history was characterized by pulmonary involvement of increasing severity and steatorrhea requiring large doses of oral pancreatic enzymes. Cor pulmonale, peripheral cyanosis, and digital clubbing developed. Laboratory and clinical evidence of hepatic involvement was not present. The upper abdomen was examined with a third-generation computed tomographic (CT) scanner, using a scan time of 5 s. Contiguous, 1 cm thick images were obtained after the ingestion of dilute, water-soluble contrast medium (Fig 1). The ultrasound study was performed with a digital, gray-scale unit. Scans were obtained in longitudinal and transverse planes in supine, upright, and left posterior oblique positions (Fig 2). Rose bengal sodium I 131 radionuclide images were obtained at one and four hours with a gamma camera after the injection of 175 μCi of the isotope
C‐reactive protein as a predictor of improvement and readmission in heart failure
Authors: J.L. Alonso‐Martínez, B. Llorente‐Diez, M. Echegaray‐Agara, F. Olaz‐Preciado, M. Urbieta‐Echezarreta, C. González‐Arencibia
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2002)