tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage with Intact Interatrial Septum Associated with Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Authors: HAROLD E. ALDRIDGE, E. DOUGLAS WIGLE
Journal: Circulation (1965)

A case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage with intact interatrial septum associated with mitral stenosis is reported. The roentgenogram showed plethora confined to the anomalously draining lung tissue, i.e., right upper amd middle lobes, and when the patient developed pulmonary edema, rales were confined to normally draining lung tissue, i.e., left lung and right lower lobe. The pulmonary capillary "wedge" pressures recorded from the normally draining lung tissue reflected the left atrial hypertension, while "wedge" pressures recorded from anomalously draining lung tissue were much lower and reflected the right atrial pressure. Left heart catheterization confirmed the presence of mitral stenosis. Autopsy examination revealed congenital mitral and aortic stenosis, anomalous venous drainage from the right upper and middle lobes and an intact interatrial septum. The differential pulmonary plethora, the differential pulmonary edema, and the differential pulmonary capillary wedge pressures suggested the correct diagnosis during life.
301 RAGE IS REQUIRED FOR OVAL CELL ACTIVATION AND INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED MOUSE LIVER CARCINOGENESIS
Authors: T. Pusterla, J. Nemeth, I. Stein, L. Wiechert, D. Knigin, S. Marhenke, T. Longerich, A. Vogel, A. Bierhaus, E. Pikarsky, J. Hess, P. Angel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy for Symptomatic benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Long&amp;ndash;Term Durability with Prostcare
Authors: Yuh-Shyan Tsai, Johnny S.N. Lin, Yat-Ching Tong, Tzong-Shin Tzai, Wen-Horng Yang, Chien-Cheng Chang, Hong-Lin Cheng, Yung-Ming Lin, Yeong-Chin Jou
Journal: European Urology (2001)
CIRCULATION OF THE BRAIN
Authors: J. Lawrence Pool
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Recently developed diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative techniques are opening up new and encouraging vistas for effective management of cerebrovascular accidents of various kinds. The diagnosis of stroke is not sufficient; it is necessary to determine the vessel involved and the cause of its involvement. Early cerebral angiography is urged as essential for the recognition of structural anomalies, functional derangements, or pathological changes. Medical treatment must take into account the possibility of blood dyscrasias, disturbance of the clotting mechanism, and cardiovascular disease. Surgical treatment is available for the correction of malformations, occlusions, and aneurysms.
Abstract 240: Amplification status of GAS41 and MDM2 in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Larissa Pikor, William W. Lockwood, Emily A. Vucic, Wan L. Lam
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. High mortality rates are attributed to inefficient therapeutic strategies and a lack of screening for early detection. Identification of genes involved in lung cancer development may yield new molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment. It is well documented that the lung cancer genome harbors genetic alterations. We hypothesize that novel oncogenes can be discovered through characterization of chromosomal regions frequently amplified in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: A panel of 169 matched lung adenocarcinoma tumors was studied. Genetic profiles describing copy number alterations and gene expression were generated by whole genome array comparative genomic hybridization and Affymetrix platforms respectively, and visualized using SIGMA2 software. Regions of DNA amplifications were identified using the GISTIC algorithm and integrated with expression data to determine if amplification is associated with overexpression in tumors relative to matched normal tissue. An MTT assay was used to investigate the effect of cell proliferation after shRNA-mediated knockdown in a cell line with DNA amplification. Survival analysis using multiple independent data sets was also performed to assess the clinical significance of gene amplification and overexpression. Results: A preliminary genome wide screen revealed Glioma Amplified Sequence 41 (GAS41) at 12q13-15 as frequently amplified and overexpressed in lung cancer. GAS41 suppresses cell cycle checkpoint genes p21 and p14, causing indirect repression of the p53 tumor suppressor, promoting tumorigenesis. Amplification of this gene has been reported in the earliest stages of glioma and astrocytoma. GAS41 is amplified in 16.57% of the lung adenocarcinoma tumors (28 of 169) analyzed and consistently overexpressed. Knockdown of GAS41 slowed cell proliferation, consistent with its biological function. Additionally, patients expressing high levels of GAS41 mRNA showed markedly poorer outcomes than those with lower expression. Conclusions: Our data highlights the tumorigenic potential of GAS41, suggesting that amplification of this gene may be a critical alteration in lung cancer. GAS41 amplification and subsequent activation may represent a novel mechanism driving lung tumorigenesis. The association of GAS41 expression with survival and its demonstrated effect on cell proliferation make it a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 240.
Abstract 1029: Identification of novel MEK1 inhibitors by computer docking and virtual screening
Authors: Dong Joon Kim, Srinivasa Reddy, Yan Li, Ann M. Bode, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) signaling pathway is a major component of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling axis that regulates tumorigenesis and cancer cell proliferation. MEK1 is frequently activated in various cancers, especially in tumors that have mutations in the KRAS and BRAF oncogenes. Therefore MEK1 is an important cancer therapy target and the discovery of novel MEK1 inhibitors is of great interest. We used the MEK1 protein crystal structure and supercomputer screening of chemical libraries combined with simulation modeling and in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays to identify novel inhibitors of MEK1. Herein, we report the discovery of threee novel MEK1 inhibitors, herein referred to as Compound #7, #9 and #12. All three were highly effective to suppress MEK1 activity in HCT116 and HCT15 colorectal cancer cells. Based on in vitro and ex vivo data, these compounds inhibited MEK1 activity and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner and were twice as effective than the known MEK1 inhibitor, U0126. The compounds completely inhibited anchorage-independent cell growth and proliferation of colon cancer cells. Overall these results suggest that these novel MEK1 inhibitors might be used for chemotherapy; and computer modeling and simulation could be very useful for finding additional MEK1 or other inhibitors for cancer therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1029. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1029
Scleredema associated with carcinoma of the gall bladder
Authors: Y. Manchanda, S. Das, V.K. Sharma, D.N. Srivastava
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Scleredema associated with carcinoma of the gall bladder Get access Y. Manchanda, Y. Manchanda Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and *Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Das, S. Das Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and *Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V.K. Sharma, V.K. Sharma Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and *Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India V.K. Sharma. E‐mail: aiimsvks@yahoo.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.N. Srivastava D.N. Srivastava Departments of Dermatology and Venereology and *Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 6, 1 June 2005, Pages 1373–1374, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06631.x Published: 01 June 2005
Protection From Right- and Left-Sided Colorectal Neoplasms After Colonoscopy: Population-Based Study
Authors: H. Brenner, M. Hoffmeister, V. Arndt, C. Stegmaier, L. Altenhofen, U. Haug
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

BackgroundColonoscopy is used for early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer, but evidence on the magnitude of overall protection and protection according to anatomical site through colonoscopy performed in the community setting is sparse. We assessed whether receiving a colonoscopy in the preceding 10-year period, compared with no colonoscopy, was associated with prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasms (defined as cancers or advanced adenomas) at various anatomical sites.
Haemodialysis in Severe Barbiturate Poisoning
Authors: H. A. Lee, A. C. Ames
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Forskolin- and guanine nucleotide-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were measured in microdissected sections of neurites from small explants and in dispersed cell cultures of sympathetic ganglion neurons to determine whether a competent system for regulated formation of cAMP, consisting of both catalytic units of adenylate cyclase and regulatory GTP binding proteins, is synthesized during neurite outgrowth and where it is distributed in the neuron. An increase in both guanine nucleotide- and forskolin-dependent activity of adenylate cyclase occurred concomitantly with neurite outgrowth and was directly proportional to neurite length. Separate analysis of adenylate cyclase activity in explant cell bodies or neurites showed that the increased activity was localized entirely in the neurites, while activity in the cell bodies remained virtually constant during growth. Concentric sections of neurites of approximately 500 microns width, which contained similar volumes of neurites as determined with the indicator BCECF (Rink et al., 1982), produced similar levels of cAMP, indicating an even distribution of adenylate cyclase in the neurites. Cell bodies, when stimulated by GTP gamma S, produced 236 +/- 46 attomol cAMP/min (30 degrees C)/cell body and an additional 52.6 +/- 20 attomol cAMP/min (30 degrees C)/neuron were produced with each day of neurite growth (approximately 400 microns). Assuming a turnover number of 2000 min-1, cell bodies and neurites were calculated to contain similar densities of catalytic unit molecules on their surface (9–28 molecules/micron 2). An abundant GTP binding protein, detected by ADP-ribosylation with pertussis toxin, was also widely distributed in the neuron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of oral prednisone on airway inflammatory mediators in atopic asthma.
Authors: R Dworski, G A Fitzgerald, J A Oates, J R Sheller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The mechanism of steroid action in asthma is unknown. Because steroids have effects in vitro on eicosanoid synthesis, we determined the effect of oral prednisone for 6 to 9 days on eicosanoid levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 14 atopic asthmatic volunteers at baseline and after allergen instillation. We also determined the effect of prednisone on the ex vivo release of eicosanoids from macrophage-rich BAL-fluid cells. Prednisone reduced symptoms and inhaler use but had no significant effect on BAL-fluid eicosanoid levels. At baseline, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) levels were 101 +/- 37 pg/ml in BAL fluid (mean +/- SEM), versus 66 +/- 18 pg/ml after prednisone; likewise, 5-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) levels were 59 +/- 15 versus 78 +/- 21; leukotriene E4 (LTE4) levels were 35 +/- 13 versus 51 +/- 21, and 15-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels were 29 +/- 8 versus 19 +/- 7. Allergen-stimulated levels of PGD2 were 1274 +/- 565 versus 1468 +/- 679 after prednisone; likewise, allergen-stimulated 5-HETE levels were 95 +/- 21 versus 82 +/- 21; those of LTE4 were 54 +/- 20 versus 91 +/- 51; and those of 15-HETE were 63 +/- 19 versus 60 +/- 25. Prednisone reduced the synthesis of eicosanoids in macrophage-rich BAL-fluid cells in vitro. LTB4 levels fell significantly from 35 +/- 6.4 ng/10(6) BAL-fluid cells to 17 +/- 5.4 after prednisone; likewise, levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) fell from 35.7 +/- 7.5 to 20.7 +/- 6.6. Part of the action of steroids may involve alteration in macrophage eicosanoid synthesis.
Voltage-Gated K <sup>+</sup> Currents Regulate Resting Membrane Potential and [Ca <sup>2+</sup> ] <sub>i</sub> in Pulmonary Arterial Myocytes
Authors: Xiao-Jian Yuan
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The membrane potential (E m ) of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) regulates pulmonary arterial tone by controlling voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel activity, which is a major contributor to [Ca 2+ ] i . The resting membrane is mainly permeable to K + ; thus, the resting E m is controlled by K + permeability through sarcolemmal K + channels. At least three K + currents, voltage-gated K + (K V ) currents, Ca 2+ -activated K + (K Ca ) currents, and ATP-sensitive (K ATP ) currents, have been identified in PASMCs. In this study, both patch-clamp and quantitative fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to determine which kind(s) of K + channels (K V , K Ca , and/or K ATP ) is responsible for controlling E m and [Ca 2+ ] i under resting conditions in rat PASMCs. When the bath solution contained 1.8 mmol/L Ca 2+ and the pipette solution included 0.1 mmol/L EGTA, depolarizations (−40 to +80 mV) elicited both K Ca and K V currents. Removal of extracellular Ca 2+ and increase of intracellular EGTA concentration (to 10 mmol/L) eliminated the Ca 2+ influx–dependent K Ca current. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, 5 to 10 mmol/L) but not charybdotoxin (ChTX, 10 to 20 nmol/L) significantly reduced K V current under these conditions. In current-clamp experiments, 4-AP decreased E m (depolarization) and induced Ca 2+ -dependent action potentials; this depolarization increased [Ca 2+ ] i in intact PASMCs. Neither ChTX nor the specific blocker of K ATP channels, glibenclamide (2 to 10 μmol/L), caused membrane depolarization and the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . However, pretreatment of PASMCs with ChTX enhanced the 4-AP–induced increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . These results suggest that the 4-AP–sensitive K V currents that are active in the resting state are the major contributors to regulation of E m and thus [Ca 2+ ] i in rat PASMCs.
Muscular subaortic stenosis: the quantitative relationship between systolic anterior motion and the pressure gradient.
Authors: C Pollick, H Rakowski, E D Wigle
Journal: Circulation (1984)

We performed simultaneous echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies in 11 patients with muscular subaortic stenosis to determine whether systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet and the pressure gradient are related quantitatively. SAM without septal contact was associated with either no gradient or a small impulse gradient of less than 10 mm Hg. SAM with septal contact was always associated with a pressure gradient of more than 10 mm Hg. The size of the pressure gradient correlated inversely with the time periods: (1) onset of SAM-septal contact (r = .79, p less than .001) and (2) onset of aortic ejection to onset of SAM-septal contact (r = -.89, p less than .001). Size also correlated directly with the time period: (3) duration of SAM-septal contact (r = .80, p less than .001). Thus when the time from the onset of SAM to the onset of SAM-septal contact was long, SAM-septal contact developed late in systole, the duration of SAM-septal contact was brief and the pressure gradient was low. When SAM-septal contact developed in early systole, the duration of SAM-septal contact was long and the pressure gradient was high. With the index of time period (3) divided by time period (1), a regression equation was devised to predict the size of the pressure gradient (pressure gradient [mm Hg] = 25 [ratio] + 25; r = .90, p less than .001; SE +/- 15 mm Hg). The echocardiographic time period index was validated prospectively in nine other patients and the significant correlation with the hemodynamically determined gradient persisted (r = .89, p less than .01). We conclude that SAM and the pressure gradient are related quantitatively in muscular subaortic stenosis. These observations have implications regarding the mechanism and significance of the pressure gradient in muscular subaortic stenosis.
Prepregnancy Consumption of Fruits and Fruit Juices and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Liwei Chen, Frank B. Hu, Edwina Yeung, Deirdre K. Tobias, Walter C. Willett, Cuilin Zhang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

Examine the association of prepregnancy habitual consumption of fruits and fruit juices and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.A prospective study among women with at least one singleton pregnancy in the Nurses' Health Study II from 1991 to 2001.Among 13,475 women, 860 reported a first diagnosis of GDM. The adjusted relative risks (RRs) for GDM from the lowest to highest quintile of whole fruit consumption were 1.00 (referent), 0.80 (95% CI 0.65-0.98), 0.90 (0.73-1.10), 0.80 (0.64-1.00), and 0.93 (0.76-1.16), respectively. The corresponding RRs for fruit juice were 1.00, 0.82 (0.66-1.01), 0.78 (0.63-0.96), 0.84 (0.68-1.04), and 1.00 (0.81-1.23).These data suggest that prepregnancy higher consumption of whole fruits is not associated with an increased GDM risk. The association between fruit juices and GDM risk appears to be nonlinear.
Prescribing for out-patients by nursing staff in a dermatology department
Authors: None Cox, None Walton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Nurse prescribing for a small range of products has been introduced in primary care, but not in hospitals, in the U.K. We have evaluated the benefits, costs, practicality and patient satisfaction with the formal introduction of dermatology nurse prescribing in the out-patient treatment facility of a district general hospital dermatology department with a wide geographical catchment area. Over a 6-month period, 91 items were prescribed to 47 patients on 72 occasions (items/patient: range 1-8, mean 2, median 1). The cost to the department was 249.04 Pounds (cost per patient: range 0.39 Pound-24.61 Pounds, mean 5.30 Pounds). A small number of patients appeared to use nurse prescribing as a substitute for medical consultations. A total of 33 of 45 adult patients replied to a questionnaire. In 15 respondents, the prescription was necessitated by a change in the skin condition and in 10 by the exhaustion of supplies of the current medication, and both of these factors applied in six patients. All had understood the instructions for the use of the treatment prescribed, and only three felt that it had failed to work as anticipated. Only one patient had (unspecified) side-effects, caused by a prescription for a topical antipruritic. Eight patients were able to defer appointments with their general practitioner as a result of the nurse-prescribed item being supplied. Prescribing by appropriately trained nurses therefore appears to be a safe and effective development in dermatology.
Plastic bullets in Northern Ireland: Author's reply
Authors: R Touquet
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Clinically pseudo-seizures may be mistaken for genuine fits as they are usually tonic-clonic in appearance, although occasionally manifesting as complex partial seizures.Certain features are helpful in differentiation, including gaze aversion, resistance to passive limb movement or eye opening, prevention of the hand falling on to the face, and induction by suggestion.3Previously normal electroencephalograms, particularly during an attack, or normal serum prolactin concentrations during a pseudo-seizure can be useful in supporting the diagnosis.4Status epilepticus is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment with anticonvulsants.Patients with pseudo-status epilepticus, however, are more at risk from medical treatment than from their condition, and early recognition of pseudo- seizures would avoid iatrogenic complications.This might be facilitated by rapid access to a register of patients with pseudo-seizures.The register should be held in local accident and emergency departments in the region as these patients may attend many hospitals.
Genomic Profiling of MicroRNAs in Bladder Cancer: miR-129 Is Associated with Poor Outcome and Promotes Cell Death <i>In vitro</i>
Authors: Lars Dyrskjøt, Marie S. Ostenfeld, Jesper B. Bramsen, Asli N. Silahtaroglu, Philippe Lamy, Ramshanker Ramanathan, Niels Fristrup, Jens L. Jensen, Claus L. Andersen, Karsten Zieger, Sakari Kauppinen, Benedicte P. Ulhøi, Jørgen Kjems, Michael Borre, Torben F. Ørntoft
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in cancer development and progression, acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Here, we profiled the expression of 290 unique human miRNAs in 11 normal and 106 bladder tumor samples using spotted locked nucleic acid-based oligonucleotide microarrays. We identified several differentially expressed miRNAs between normal urothelium and cancer and between the different disease stages. miR-145 was found to be the most down-regulated in cancer compared with normal, and miR-21 was the most up-regulated in cancer. Furthermore, we identified miRNAs that significantly correlated to the presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ. We identified several miRNAs with prognostic potential for predicting disease progression (e.g., miR-129, miR-133b, and miR-518c*). We localized the expression of miR-145, miR-21, and miR-129 to urothelium by in situ hybridization. We then focused on miR-129 that exerted significant growth inhibition and induced cell death upon transfection with a miR-129 precursor in bladder carcinoma cell lines T24 and SW780 cells. Microarray analysis of T24 cells after transfection showed significant miR-129 target down-regulation (P = 0.0002) and pathway analysis indicated that targets were involved in cell death processes. By analyzing gene expression data from clinical tumor samples, we identified significant expression changes of target mRNA molecules related to the miRNA expression. Using luciferase assays, we documented a direct link between miR-129 and the two putative targets GALNT1 and SOX4. The findings reported here indicate that several miRNAs are differentially regulated in bladder cancer and may form a basis for clinical development of new biomarkers for bladder cancer.