tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
UK stops short of outright smoking ban in enclosed public places
Authors: Kaye McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK government has stopped short of banning smoking in all enclosed public places. Detailed proposals unveiled this week will still allow smoking in pubs and clubs that don't serve chilled or hot food.

The minister for public health, Caroline Flint, admitted that doctors would be “disappointed” by the failure to introduce an outright ban on smoking in enclosed public places. But she added: “Clearly there are people in the medical profession who would prefer an outright ban, but when we undertook consultation as part of the Choosing Health white paper it was clear that people felt government should act but …
Screening for Dementia and Investigating Its Causes
Authors: Albert L. Siu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To examine, from the perspective of primary care physicians, the value of mental status findings and ancillary tests in diagnosing dementia or its causes. Data Sources: Studies identified using MEDLINE and bibliographies of pertinent articles. Study Selection: Selection based on availability of information on specific findings or tests, the criterion standard used to confirm diagnoses, the disease spectrum, and the richness of the reported data. Data Extraction: Data collected on sensitivity and specificity. In many cases, the originally reported data are re-analyzed to illustrate the usefulness of alternative cut-off values or to answer specific clinical questions. Likelihood ratios estimated to summarize test results. Data Synthesis: Probability of dementia is greatly reduced (likelihood ratio, 0.06 to 0.2) when either normal serial 7s, 7-digit span, 3-item recall, or clock drawing test results are obtained; abnormal results only moderately increase the odds of disease. Low (≤ 20), intermediate (21 to 25), or high (≥ 26) scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) increase (likelihood ratio ≥ 8.2), have little effect (likelihood ratio, 1.3 to 2.4), or decrease (likelihood ratio, 0.06 to 0.1) the odds of disease. The usefulness of tests to investigate the cause of dementia varies depending on the pretest probability of the specific condition. Conclusions: Several useful methods exist to screen for cognitive impairment, and clinicians need to be familiar with the strengths and limitations of their preferred screening methods. In investigating the cause of dementia, routinely obtaining a VDRL test, cerebral imaging studies, serum cobalamin level, or folate level is unwarranted.
Knockdown of natriuretic peptide receptor-A enhances receptor C expression and signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yuan Li, Padma Madiraju, Madhu B. Anand-Srivastava
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

Natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) knockout mice exhibited an increased blood pressure that may also be attributed to the up-regulation of NPR-C and associated signalling; however, the interaction between the two receptors has not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of knockdown of NPR-A using NPR-A antisense (AS) on the expression of NPR-C and adenylyl cyclase (AC) signalling in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).The receptor and G protein expression was determined by western blotting, and AC activity was determined by measuring [(32)P]cAMP formation from [α-(32)P]ATP. Treatment of A10 VSMC with NPR-A AS decreased NPR-A and enhanced NPR-C expression without altering the levels of angiotensin II AT1 and muscarinic M2 receptors. In addition, siRNA-NPR-A also resulted in the up-regulation of NPR-C. The re-expression of NPR-A in AS-treated cells reversed the enhanced expression of NPR-C to control levels. In addition, NPR-C-, AT1, and M2 receptor-mediated inhibition of AC and Giα protein expression was enhanced in AS-treated cells, whereas NPR-A-mediated cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation and Gsα-mediated stimulation of AC were significantly reduced. Pertussis toxin treatment attenuated the AS-induced enhanced inhibition of AC to control levels. Furthermore, the enhanced levels of NPR-C and Giα proteins were reversed to control levels by 8-bromo-cGMP (8Br-cGMP) and PD98059, an MEK inhibitor. In addition, 8Br-cGMP also attenuated AS-induced enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation to control levels.These results demonstrate that knockdown of NPR-A up-regulates the expression of NPR-C, Giα proteins, and NPR-C-linked AC signalling and suggests a cross-talk between NPR-A and NPR-C.
Abstract 4194: The hereditary genetic polymorphism of mir-608 predicts the clinical outcome and expression of IL-6 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .
Authors: Pei-Wen Yang, Ching-Yueh Hsieh, Yu-Ting Huang, Ya-Chuan Huang, Tzu-Hsuan Chiang, Jang-Ming Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA-related genes on the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 504 patients with a diagnosis of ESCC were enrolled in the study. The genotypes of miRNA-related SNPs were analyzed from the genomic DNA of peripheral leukocytes and were correlated with the clinical outcome of patients, which was first evaluated in a randomly assigned training set (n=129) and subsequently verified by a replication set (n= 375). RESULTS: In training group, the heterozygous CG genotype of mir-608 rs4919510 was associated with reduced risk for adverse clinical outcomes (HR [95% CI] =0.47 [0.27-0.82] for death; HR [95% CI] =0.47 [0.29-0.77] for recurrence). In contrast, both homozygous CC and GG genotypes showed unfavorable for prognosis. The associations were confirmed in an independent replication group (GG+CC vs. CG, HR [95% CI] =1.36 [1.07-1.73], P=0.013 for death; HR [95% CI] = 1.26 [1.00-1.59], P=0.048 for recurrence). The prognostic effect was more pronounced among patients with advanced tumor stages and in those treated with concurrent neoadjuvant chemo- radiotherapy (CCRT). Functional relevance of rs4919510 was correlated with the serum IL-6 levels. GG variant was significantly associated with IL-6 over-expression in advanced ESCC patients. CONCLUSION: The hereditary genetic variants in mir-608 can serve as an independent predictor for the clinical outcome of ESCC patients. The prognostic effect of rs4919510 may be partially mediated by impairing the ability in regulating IL-6 expression. Citation Format: Pei-Wen Yang, Ching-Yueh Hsieh, Yu-Ting Huang, Ya-Chuan Huang, Tzu-Hsuan Chiang, Jang-Ming Lee. The hereditary genetic polymorphism of mir-608 predicts the clinical outcome and expression of IL-6 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4194. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4194
Primary cutaneous pleomorphic small/medium-sized T-cell lymphoma in a young man
Authors: Y-C. Kim, D.P. Vandersteen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Primary cutaneous pleomorphic small/medium‐sized T‐cell lymphoma in a young man Get access Y‐C. Kim, Y‐C. Kim Department of Dermatology, Dankook University College of Medicine, 16–5 Anseo‐dong, Cheonan, Chungcheong Nam Do 330–714, Korea *Department of Pathology, St Mary’s/Duluth Clinic Health System, 407 East Third Street, Duluth, MN 55805, U.S.A.E‐mail: kyccc@anseo.dankook.ac.kr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.P. Vandersteen D.P. Vandersteen Department of Dermatology, Dankook University College of Medicine, 16–5 Anseo‐dong, Cheonan, Chungcheong Nam Do 330–714, Korea *Department of Pathology, St Mary’s/Duluth Clinic Health System, 407 East Third Street, Duluth, MN 55805, U.S.A.E‐mail: kyccc@anseo.dankook.ac.kr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 903–905, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04157.x Published: 01 April 2001
Interleukin-17 Promotes Autoimmunity by Triggering a Positive-Feedback Loop via Interleukin-6 Induction
Authors: Hideki Ogura, Masaaki Murakami, Yuko Okuyama, Mineko Tsuruoka, Chika Kitabayashi, Minoru Kanamoto, Mika Nishihara, Yoichiro Iwakura, Toshio Hirano
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Liposomes, modified with PTDHIV-1 peptide, containing epirubicin and celecoxib, to target vasculogenic mimicry channels in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Rui-Jun Ju, Xue-Tao Li, Ji-Feng Shi, Xiu-Ying Li, Meng-Ge Sun, Fan Zeng, Jia Zhou, Lei Liu, Cheng-Xiang Zhang, Wei-Yu Zhao, Wan-Liang Lu
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Transfusion for Protocol Eligibility
Authors: Jeannie L. Callum, Blair Henry, Yulia Lin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

To the Editor: Over the past year, we have observed three instances in which patients with advanced cancer received blood products solely for the purpose of altering a laboratory value to satisfy eligibility criteria for clinical trials of new chemotherapeutic agents. The first patient received a transfusion of 25% albumin to meet the albumin threshold of 30 g per liter (pretransfusion level, 22 g per liter). The second patient required a platelet count of 50,000 per cubic millimeter to meet enrollment criteria (pretransfusion count, 48,000). The third patient required a hemoglobin level above 9.0 g per deciliter for enrollment. Her . . .
Five years of adenosine contrast echocardiography: Lessons from 1,750 consecutive studies in a single center
Authors: Fernando Morcerf, Alvaro Moraes, Caio Medeiros, Marcia Carrinho, Flavio C. Palheiro, Marcia Castier, Renato Morcerf, Flavia Salek, Antonio Carlos Nogueira
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
THE USE OF CONVALESCENT SERUM IN THE PROPHYLAXIS OF MEASLES
Authors: GEORGE H. WEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Measles is so universal that many people consider it a trivial disease. Ker<sup>1</sup>states that of 14,000 persons, 97.3 per cent, of those over 15 years of age had had the disease. As a cause of death in children it ranks third from the highest among the acute contagious diseases. In the registration area of the United States<sup>2</sup>in 1920 there were 7,712 deaths from measles-a rate of 8.8 per hundred thousand. Of these, 78 per cent, were of children under 5 years of age. In Chicago from 1917 to 1921 there were 718 deaths from measles, 90.6 per cent, of which were in children under 5 years of age. Under exceptional circumstances, measles may become a serious disease for young adults. Those familiar with the epidemics in our army camps during the World War recall the heavy mortality from measles and pneumonia. But under ordinary conditions young
Major and Minor Surgery
Authors: Robert G. Small
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This paper will attempt to answer the question "Can operative procedures be classified as `major' or `minor' with any degree of accuracy?" It is often difficult to decide if a given surgical procedure should be listed as major or minor. Because of this difficulty some surgeons feel that these terms should be abandoned. To others, a discussion of major and minor surgery is bound to the question of surgical privileges. The material presented here is not intended for use in determining who should perform major or minor surgery. The use of the terms "major" and "minor surgery," however inaccurate, is firmly established in the medical profession. One needs only to mention the textbooks available on minor or out-patient surgery and the frequent reference to major surgery in various articles. Enumeration of the major operations performed in a hospital is helpful in evaluation of a service for resident training. The experience
Treatment of Gonorrhea
Authors: Wilfred Minkin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Maurer and Schneider ( 207 :946, 1969) report a failure rate of 25% in the treatment of gonorrhea with intramuscularly administered procaine penicillin G. The authors cite a study by Holmes ( JAMA 202:461, 1967) in which a high failure rate with this treatment regimen was also noted. However, both these articles deal with cases of gonorrhea acquired in the western Pacific area. The relative resistance to penicillin of gonococcal strains in this area of the world is well known. 1 But, in a large series of patients with gonorrhea acquired in the United States, we used the standard treatment of 2.4 million units procaine penicillin G administered intramuscularly. This resulted in an acceptable failure rate of 5.3%. 2 Others, also using this dose to treat domestic cases of gonorrhea have had similarly low failure rates. 3   Physicians treating gonorrhea should not be mislead into believing that penicillin is
THE PSYCHIATRIST AS AN ADVISOR AND THERAPIST FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: RICHARD N. KOHL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

During the past 14 years approximately 25% of the entire student body at Cornell University Medical College has requested the assistance of a psychiatrist as an advisor or therapist. Any other group of individuals under similar stress at the same life period, and with the same degree of psychiatric insight, would probably respond in a like manner. The greatest number of requests for psychiatric aid were self-initiated and were directed toward the instructors. When anxiety was mobilized by the teaching of psychiatry, the instructors were able to recognize early signs of psychopathology, and to deal with them either by introducing concepts of mental hygiene into lectures or by inviting personal interviews. The dual role of the psychiatrist as a teacher and therapist was generally found to be more of an asset than a handicap in the development of an optimal case-finding technique, and in the successful therapeutic management of student patients. There was relatively little resistance to psychiatric treatment and in most instances the students were eager to pursue a more thorough investigation of their complaints and problems than time permitted. Of the total number (123) of students who consulted the writer, 48.8% were seen from 1 to 3 hours in an advisory capacity or for treatment of minor personality disorders; 51.2% were found to have marked emotional or personality disorders and were treated for periods of 5 to 50 hours. The complaints or disorders themselves were related to some extent to the source of referral and to the year in which the students matriculated. Those environmental factors regarded by the students as most dynamically significant in their adjustment to medical school were the extreme academic demands, the threat of failure, competition, the transition from undergraduate to graduate school, economic insecurity and dependency, and obstacles to sexual satisfaction and marriage.
Founding Date of the Pennsylvania Hospital
Authors: James R. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the interesting communications, "Medical Education and the Rise of Hospitals," by Norwood, which appeared in the Dec 14, 1963, issue ofThe Journal(<b>186</b>:1008), there is one minor error which I feel should be corrected. The Pennsylvania Hospital was founded in 1751, not 1752 as stated by Dr. Norwood.
Effects of local treatment with salmeterol and terbutaline on anti-IgE-induced wheal, flare, and late induration in human skin
Authors: R. Grönneberg, J. Raud
Journal: Allergy (1996)

The capacity of terbutaline and the long-acting beta 2-agonist salmeterol to suppress wheal-and-flare reactions (WFRs) to intradermal antihuman IgE and to histamine was evaluated in 36 healthy volunteers. We also examined effects of the two drugs on the subsequent late cutaneous reaction (LCR) to anti-IgE. Salmeterol (10(-10)-10(-6) M) and terbutaline (10(-10)-10(-5) M), injected intradermally 2 or 15 min before anti-IgE challenge, produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the WFRs to anti-IgE (titer 1 : 10000) with a maximal effect of approximately 60% (wheal) and approximately 75% (flare) by both drugs. On a molar basis, salmeterol was approximately 10-100 times more potent than terbutaline in inhibiting the WFRs. Moreover, the wheal response to histamine (4 nmol) was antagonized by approximately 40% after pretreatment with either salmeterol (10(-5) M) or terbutaline (10(-4) M). We found that both salmeterol and terbutaline exhibited anti-WFR activity for up to 24 h, salmeterol being significantly more potent in this regard. When selecting a 15-min pretreatment interval with equieffective anti-WFR doses from the first dose-response experiments (i.e., a salmeterol: terbutaline ratio of 1 : 10), the WFRs to high-dose anti-IgE (titer 1 : 100) were inhibited by terbutaline (10(-5) M) by 25-30%, but not by salmeterol (10(-6)). On the other hand, salmeterol attenuated (by up to approximately 35%) the subsequent LCR more effectively than terbutaline. As compared to the pretreatment procedure, infiltration of the drugs (single doses) into the wheals 30 min after challenge with anti-IgE (titer 1 : 100) proved to be less effective on the development of LCRs. Taken together, salmeterol was found to express higher potency and have longer duration of action than terbutaline in inhibition of IgE-mediated inflammation in human skin.
Details of European directive on tobacco spelt out
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Cigarette manufacturers in the European Union are being told to drop misleading labels on cigarette packets and to use more space to warn users of the health consequences of smoking.

From January 2004 descriptors such as “low tar” and “light” will be banned from cigarette packets, and manufacturers will be required to devote at least 30% of the front and up to 40% of the back cover of packets …
Cardiac angiotensin receptors in experimental hyperthyroidism in dogs
Authors: C. Sernia, C. Marchant, L. Brown, A. Hoey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Cardiac angiotensin receptors in experimental hyperthyroidism in dogs Get access Conrad Sernia, Conrad Sernia Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia: C Sernia, C Marchant, L Brown, A Hoey. Correspondence to Dr Sernia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Catherine Marchant, Catherine Marchant Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia: C Sernia, C Marchant, L Brown, A Hoey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lindsay Brown, Lindsay Brown Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia: C Sernia, C Marchant, L Brown, A Hoey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew Hoey Andrew Hoey Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia: C Sernia, C Marchant, L Brown, A Hoey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Pages 423–428, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.423 Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Received: 10 February 1992 Accepted: 20 August 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
AMA's Science Reporters Conference Features Good and Bad Medical News
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

JOURNALISTS WHO gathered for the American Medical Association's 13th Annual Science Reporters Conference, held in Seattle, Wash, received both good and bad news about the health of the nation. The conference, which was cosponsored by the University of Washington School of Medicine, featured a diverse range of topics ranging from the new field of ecogenetics to sleep research in women at midlife to the noncontraceptive health benefits of oral contraceptives to acne's emotional toll on teenagers. The good news included reports of declining incidence rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and marked improvements in the safety of the nation's blood supply. Not so good were reports that physical activity levels among US high school students are declining and the cost of hospitalizing schizophrenic patients who discontinue their medication is soaring. <h3>Genes Interacting With Environment</h3> Researchers at the University of Washington School of Medicine have been pioneering a new field of
Complement-Induced Granulocyte Aggregation
Authors: Harry S. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (1981)

JAMA:  What will hematology be like in the future?  Jacob:  First you have to look at its past. Fifty years ago hematology was a morphological specialty. Then, biochemistry crept in; the real beginning was the elucidation of the enzymatic defect in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, opening up study of RBC biochemistry. Soon the biochemistry of hemoglobin and of the RBC enzyme machinery was actively studied, and these areas have certainly advanced dramatically in the last 15 years. The RBC, being an easily studied cell, found more general use, as well, in work in membrane biochemistry.  In the past, the inflammatory cells, including lymphocytes and phagocytes such as granulocytes and monocytes, were the exclusive province of workers in immunology and infectious disease, but in the last ten years, a number of hematologists, including our own group, have been interested in the physiology of the inflammatory cell. This is reflected in our
Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and recombinant immunoblot assay 3.0 in porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: Pietro Andreone, Carmela Cursaro, Annagiulia Gramenzi, Maria Silvia Guidetti, Frederico Bardazzi, Antonella Tosti, Rita Miniero, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Physical Therapy in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Clarification of HCFA Policy
Authors: Elma Holder
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent column by Dr Vladeck,<sup>1</sup>administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), warning physicians not to order therapy assessments or treatments for nursing facility residents is alarming. Vladeck suggests that therapy is not appropriate and should not be ordered if the resident will not "improve." Vladeck's interpretation threatens residents' ability to get therapy, as mandated by the federal nursing home reform law. That legislation, which Congress enacted in 1987, requires facilities to provide residents with therapy services that they need in order to "attain and maintain" their "highest practicable physical, mental, and psychosocial well-being." So-called medical improvement is not the federal standard for receiving therapy under the Medicare or Medicaid programs. Therapy is also mandated under both programs to maintain nursing facility residents' functioning and to prevent residents' avoidable decline. The first case brought under the reform law, in which one of the undersigned
A Medicolegal Encounter In Maryland
Authors: Betty Jane Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The case that Dr. Williams describes involved a 1972 Mental Retardation Administration Law of Maryland. If the litigation concerning the question of Maryland's being named the legal guardian of the deformed infant had proceeded to judgment, some of Dr. Williams' questions would have been answered. The 1972 Law has not been interpreted by the Maryland courts. In the absence of such interpretation, attempts to outguess how the civil rights of the mentally retarded individual will be balanced by the courts against the obligations of the state and the interests of the natural parents or relatives are speculative at best. The provisions of the 1972 Law give the Director of the Mental Retardation Administration the authority and the obligation to have the infant evaluated and to protect the infant's civil rights. Protection of the civil rights of mentally retarded or incompetent individuals is an area of the law