tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Posttreatment Serological Response of Biologic False-Positive Reactors
Authors: Nicholas J. Fiumara
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN 1980, there were 27,204 reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis in the United States, an increase of 33.4% during the last three years.<sup>1</sup>It is well known that certain diseases, immunizations, and febrile states may produce a reaction to a reagin blood test for syphilis in the absence of this disease. In the United States, approximately 45 million persons are tested for syphilis and about 1.4 million have a reaction to reagin test.<sup>2</sup>How many have biologic false-positive reactions is unknown. However, in Massachusetts, slightly more than 160,000 blood samples were sent to the state laboratory for the rapid plasma reagin circle-card test (RPR-CT) for syphilis. Approximately 7% were found to be reactive. Further testing of the reactive blood tests with the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test disclosed that about 25% had a nonreactive FTA-ABS test, indicating that the patient has a biologic falsepositive reaction.
New Health Care Research Agency Reflects Interest in Evaluating Quality
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

RESEARCH ON HEALTH care policy has come of age and with this will come major changes in measuring and ensuring quality of care. A prime example: Congress has created the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research within the US Public Health Service. As a result of this new emphasis, "by the end of this century, no nation in the world will be as proficient as the United States in evaluating the quality of care. As a result, the American health care system will be unrivaled by the year 2000," predicts Uwe Reinhardt, PhD, Princeton (NJ) University. The new Agency for Health Care Policy and Research is charged with conducting and supporting research on health care services and delivery systems. It has three main activities: (1) research on outcomes; (2) technology assessment; and (3) development of practice guidelines. In the process, the agency will conduct demonstration projects (mostly through extramural
Over a quarter of salmonella cases in English children are caused by pet reptiles, study finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To identify whether three types of cigarette pack designs, including three versions of graphic warning label (GWL) plain packs, one GWL absent and branding absent pack (blank) and the smoker's own GWL absent and branding present pack (US), elicit different valence, type and levels of affect. <h3>Design</h3> US daily smokers (n=324) were asked to handle each of the five pack types and 'think aloud' their reactions. To avoid a muted familiarity response, exposure to their own US pack followed exposure to at least one GWL plain pack. Reactions were scored on a reactivity scale (−3 to +3) and the text was coded for speech polarity (−1 to +1) and emotive word frequency. <h3>Results</h3> Reactivity scores had excellent inter-rater reliability (agreement ≥86%; intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.89) and were correlated with speech polarity (r=0.21–0.37, p&lt;0.001). When considering their US pack, approximately two-thirds of smokers had a low (31.5%) to medium (34.6%) positive response (reactivity=1.29; polarity=0.14) with expressed feelings of joy and trust. Blank packaging prompted a largely (65.4%) neutral response (reactivity=0.03; polarity=0.00). The gangrenous foot GWL provoked mostly medium (46.9%) to high (48.1%) negative responses (reactivity=−2.44; polarity=−0.20), followed by neonatal baby (reactivity=−1.85; polarity=−0.10) and throat cancer (reactivity=−1.76; polarity=−0.08) warnings. GWLs varied in their elicitation of disgust, anger, fear and sadness. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Initial reactions to GWL packs, a blank pack, and smokers' current US pack reflected negative, neutral, and positive affect, respectively. Different versions of the GWL pack elicited different levels and types of immediate negative affect.
A Selective Neutrophil Dysfunction Syndrome: Impaired Killing of Staphylococci
Authors: WILLIAM C. DAVIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

In vitro studies of neutrophils from a young man with the clinical manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood revealed a selective inability to kill opsonized staphylococci. The defect appeared to be nonfamilial, since neutrophils from his parents demonstrated normal bactericidal capacity in vitro. The patient had no detectable immunoglobulin deficiencies; his serum, however, lacked specific antibodies to staphylococcal products (F and S antigens of leukocidin). After immunization with staphylococcal toxoids he showed a rise in serum antileukocidin titers and clinical improvement.
A plea to change the misnomer ECT
Authors: Ahmed Okasha, Tarek Okasha
Journal: World Psychiatry (2014)

Convulsive therapy was introduced by Meduna in 1933 1, using intravenous camphor, then cardiazol. In 1938, Cerletti and Bini 2 initiated convulsive therapy using electricity, which was named electric shock treatment, then electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The portrayal of ECT in the media, especially the movies showing that it was used as a punitive intervention, in an inhumane way and violating the human rights of patients, has perpetuated its negative image and increased the stigma related to this therapy. It has been rarely emphasized that ECT may be a life saving measure, especially in the treatment of melancholic, psychotic and suicidal depression. Furthermore, the term ECT is now a misnomer, since there are no convulsions with the use of anesthesia and muscle relaxants (modified ECT). The procedure just produces blinking of the eyes rather than a full body convulsion. C. Kellner already criticized the name ECT in 1990 3. In Egypt, we changed the name into brain synchronization therapy (BST). This has made a shift to the positive in the family awareness and patient's acceptance of the treatment. Explaining to the patient and family the procedure without referring to convulsions has been of great help 4. In the new Mental Health Act in Egypt (2009), the term BST (of course in Arabic) replaced ECT, and it was specified that "under no circumstances should BST be given without anesthesia and muscle relaxant" and that the treating psychiatrist will be accountable if this regulation is not followed. A group of eminent Arab psychiatrists have just finalized the preparation of "guidelines for the treatment of depression in the Arab World" and have also replaced the term ECT by BST in order to reduce the stigma and change the wrong perception of families and patients. This letter is a plea to psychiatrists worldwide to follow us in changing the name of ECT to BST, in order to decrease the stigma associated to this therapy and to allow more patients receiving a treatment that has become unpopular also because of its name, but that, if applied in the correct manner, can be life saving. Ahmed Okasha, Tarek Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Nursing.
Authors: Beaman Douglass
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Palmar and finger varicosities of the aged
Authors: A. N. G. CLARK, D. H. MELCHER, PATRICK HALL-SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A common abnormality of the veins of the fingers in elderly persons, with characteristic clinical features, is described. A survey shows that this is an age related condition. There was little evidence of an association with other abnormalities of the veins elsewhere. Histological findings were of dilated veins with thickened walls, and of larger circular thin walled lesions which were occasionally thrombosed. Approximately half of the subjects surveyed showed evidence of these changes and there were no differences by sex. It seems that these lesions are properly included in the classification of the ageing phlebectasias and possible factors in their production are discussed.
EVIDENCES THAT BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS IS COMMUNICABLE TO MAN BY DIRECT CONTACT, OR BY FOOD INFECTION.
Authors: JOHN A. ROBISON
Journal: JAMA (1900)

During the past two years the subject of the cause and prevention of tuberculosis has occupied the attention of the medical and lay public, and the medical journals and newspapers have been teeming with literature on the subject. The possibility of man deriving the infection from cows has been emphasized and reiterated until the public is frightened, our boards of health are advocating stringent methods for the extermination of bovine tuberculosis, and our legislatures are considering the passage of strict laws to this end, the regulation of dairies and the sale of tuberculous flesh and milk. The main proposition seems to be that bovine tuberculosis is one of the principal causes of the spread of tuberculosis among man; eradicate it, and you prevent its spread among the human species. Considerable yellow literature has been issued on this subject, and I wish to review the arguments in favor of and against
Roentgenologic Examination of the Gallbladder
Authors: Evarts A. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The revolutionary effect on the diagnosis of gastrointestinal conditions which was made possible by the use of the opaque meal has given rise repeatedly to the idea that if, by some means, an opaque substance could be safely introduced into the gallbladder so that its contour could be seen with the roentgen ray, the diagnosis of many obscure and doubtful cases of cholecystitis might be made easy and accurate. To fulfil the necessary practical requirements, the opaque substance must be something that is excreted into the bile after being injected either subcutaneously or intravenously or after being given by mouth; and, furthermore, it must be devoid of toxic effects when used in the concentrations necessary for the shadow of gallbladder to be seen. The extensive use of various dyes in the search for a test of liver function has revealed the fact that certain ones are excreted almost entirely into
Evidence of genetic factors in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: J.S. FITZSIMMONS, P.R. GUILBERT, E.M. FITZSIMMONS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Twenty-six probands suffering from hidradenitis suppurativa were identified from Hospital Activity Analysis (H.A.A.) records for the period 1980-83 and by direct referral from hospital specialists over a 6-month period in 1983-84. Investigation of their families eventually confirmed a total of 62 affected individuals from 23 families. In II families there was evidence in favour of single gene or Mendelian inheritance; in another three there was familial occurrence; in nine families there was a negative family history at the time of enquiry. The disease appears to be commoner than reports suggest and it is probable that there is an underestimation of affected individuals in our community. Problems of identification including variable age of onset and psycho-social factors were found and may be responsible for false-negative family histories.
Stromal Effects in Breast Cancer
Authors: Edison T. Liu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Investigations into the interaction between epithelial cancer cells and adjacent stroma have revealed paracrine interactions that enhance the tumorigenic characteristics of the cancer cell.1 Tumor-associated stroma have been reported to have increased motility and invasive potential and are thought to secrete distinct, abnormal molecules into the extracellular matrix. Although we once assumed that all fibroblasts are alike, we now know that stromal fibroblasts from different tissues have different gene-expression profiles, even when cultivated under the same culture conditions. All the data suggest that even fibroblasts of similar appearance have markedly different characteristics. Still, the primary assumption is that tumor-associated fibroblasts . . .
Museum Visit Leading to Insulin Pump Malfunction
Authors: Nicholas A. Tritos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Museum Visit Leading to Insulin Pump MalfunctionNicholas A. Tritos, MD, Kathleen Casper, RN, and George King, MDNicholas A. Tritos, MDJoslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, Kathleen Casper, RNJoslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, and George King, MDJoslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The use of insulin pumps has been associated with various complications, including infection at the skin infusion site and ketoacidosis as a result of pump malfunction [1]. Two deaths have been directly attributed to use of insulin pumps in one study, but the use of this device was not associated with excess mortality [2]. It has also been suggested that electromagnetic radiation, such as that emitted from cellular telephones, can adversely affect some insulin pump delivery systems [3].A 49-year-old woman with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus reported malfunction of her insulin pump after visiting a museum of science. ...References1. Mecklenburg RS, Benson EA, Benson JW, et al. Acute complications associated with insulin infusion pump therapy. Report of experience with 161 patients. JAMA. 1984; 252:3265-9. Google Scholar2. Teutsch SM, Herman WH, Dwyer DM, Lane JM. Mortality among diabetic patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin-infusion pumps. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310:361-8. Google Scholar3. Jonsson A, Hagren K, Fowelin J. Mobile telephone can cause disturbances on insulin pumps [Abstract]. Swedish Medical Conference. 1993; 39:194. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nicholas A. Tritos, MD; Kathleen Casper, RN; George King, MDAffiliations: Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAugmented Reality Experiment with a Van de Graaff GeneratorCase Files of the Harvard Medical Toxicology Fellowship at Children's Hospital Boston: An Insulin Overdose"Toxic Shock:" Can Playground Static Cause Insulin Pump Failure? 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9Page: 746KeywordsCathetersDiabetes mellitusInsulinMortalityShouldersSkin infections ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Myeloid Sarcoma Presenting as an Anterior Mediastinal Mass Invading the Pericardium
Authors: William Makis, Marc Hickeson, Vilma Derbekyan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Myeloid sarcoma is a tumor formed by extramedullary accumulation of myeloblasts or immature myeloid cells. These tumors can develop in lymphoid organs, bone, skin, soft tissue, and other organs, and may precede or occur concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia. This is a case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a 2-week history of cough and shortness of breath on exertion. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large mediastinal mass and pericardial effusion. An F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT scan showed intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the mediastinal mass with invasion of the parietal pericardium. Biopsy of the mediastinal mass and pericardium revealed myeloid sarcoma. The pericardial effusion was drained and the patient was treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HiDAC) chemotherapy. A follow-up positron emission tomography-CT was done 2 months after the last cycle, showing poor response to therapy and significant progression of disease with invasion through the anterior chest wall. Myeloid sarcoma can be added to the differential diagnosis of F-18 FDG avid anterior mediastinal masses, as well as F-18 FDG uptake in the pericardium.
Blood diffusion and Th1-suppressive effects of galectin-9–containing exosomes released by Epstein-Barr virus–infected nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
Authors: Jihène Klibi, Toshiro Niki, Alexander Riedel, Catherine Pioche-Durieu, Sylvie Souquere, Eric Rubinstein, Sylvestre Le Moulec, Joël Guigay, Mitsuomi Hirashima, Fethi Guemira, Dinesh Adhikary, Josef Mautner, Pierre Busson
Journal: Blood (2008)
Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control
Authors: Michael A. W. Hattwick
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Most textbooks about viral diseases are written from either a clinical or laboratory point of view. Dr Evans' book provides an epidemiologic perspective of the major viral infections of man, attempting to identify links in the chain of causation where interruption will lead to control of the disease process. Two introductory chapters by Dr Evans introduce epidemiologic concepts and review general epidemiologic and pathophysiological principles. Nineteen alphabetically arranged chapters follow this introduction, each discussing individual viruses or groups of viruses. Following these chapters on well defined viral diseases, the final four chapters discuss Burkitt's lymphoma, cervical cancer, chronic neurological diseases, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The 34 coauthors collectively represent a substantial proportion of the experts active in viral diseases over the last few decades. The individual chapters are so highly structured that occasional paragraphs have subjects but scant content. Most of the space is given to epidemiologic aspects, with separate sections
New insights into a persistent problem — chlamydial infections
Authors: Richard P. Morrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Tissue tropism of clinical ocular and genital Chlamydia trachomatis strains is shown to be linked to the tryptophan synthase genotype. It is suggested that, in the presence of IFN-γ, which depletes available tryptophan, there exist unique host-parasite interactions that may contribute to persistent chlamydial infection.
Fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, has renoprotective effects in mice by enhancing renal lipolysis
Authors: Yuki Tanaka, Shinji Kume, Shin-ichi Araki, Keiji Isshiki, Masami Chin-Kanasaki, Masayoshi Sakaguchi, Toshiro Sugimoto, Daisuke Koya, Masakazu Haneda, Atsunori Kashiwagi, Hiroshi Maegawa, Takashi Uzu
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
TSLP Signaling Pathway Is Required for COX Inhibition-Induced Augmentation of Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Weisong Zhou, Jian Zhang, Shinji Toki, Kasia Goleniewska, Sara Reiss, Baohua Zhou, Andrew McKenzie, R. Stokes Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
SERUM THERAPY AND VACCINATION
Authors: HAROLD K. FABER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>SERUM THERAPY</h3> Although the adverse results of experimental and clinical study have caused the abandonment of convalescent serum therapy in poliomyelitis in many places, it is still customary to use it in many others, partly because belief in its efficacy persists and partly because no other treatment with any resemblance to specificity is available. In communities in which its use is customary, it is hard for the physician skeptical of its value to withhold it; if he should do so and the end result is paralysis or death, he may be blamed for the outcome. Since the treatment is ordinarily harmless, he is therefore apt to give it anyway. The situation is unfortunate. It is not the medical ideal to use treatment which is useless. One should weigh carefully the available evidence, both experimental and clinical, to find whether serum actually does benefit the patient and, if so, one should
Cholestyramine: An Effective, Twice-Daily Dosage Regimen
Authors: CONRAD B. BLUM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Nine patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia) and two normal volunteers were studied to ascertain the effectiveness of cholestyramine in lowering plasma cholesterol when a twice-a-day dosage regimen was compared with the same total dosage administered four times a day. The study showed that in these subjects the two regimens were equally effective. The ability to administer cholestyramine twice daily in working adults and school children should greatly enhance adherence to this agent.
CLINFO: a friendly computer from NIH
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

If your spouse doesn't understand you, there's always a bartender to listen to your troubles. But who do you turn to when you can't communicate with your computer? Complaints about uncomprehending computers come especially from physicians and other medical scientists lacking fluency in the mathematical and logical language of computer programming. Happily, however, some people—including computer scientists working with the National Institutes of Health (NIH)—are listening. Furthermore, reports the NIH's Division of Research Resources, six years' work with Rand Corp, Santa Monica, Calif, has produced a "friendly" minicomputer called CLINFO (a contraction of "clinical information") which requires little experience, training, or help from computer experts. The new computer has been tried out at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston; and the University of Washington, Seattle. Thirty more of these minicomputers will be placed in NIH-supported clinical research centers in the next three years. Oscar B. Crofford, MD,