tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Conquering Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Claude Lenfant
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A method for in vitro culture of rat Zymbal gland: use in mechanistic studies of benzene carcinogenesis in combination with 32P-postlabeling.
Authors: M V Reddy, G R Blackburn, S E Irwin, C Kommineni, C R Mackerer, M A Mehlman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Zymbal glands were excised bilaterally from the ear ducts of female Sprague-Dawley rats (three/group), minced into approximately four fragments per gland, and transferred into a microtiter plate containing 1.5 mL per well of Waymouth's tissue culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum, hydrocortisone, insulin, and gentamicin. After addition of a test compound or solvent vehicle, plates were incubated for 6, 24, 48, or 96 hr at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air. Tissue in culture for 6 hr was histologically indistinguishable from the freshly excised tissue, while that in culture for 24, 48, and 96 hr showed a progressive deterioration often with necrosis and/or squamous metaplasia. More pronounced deterioration was noted in samples treated with 750 or 1500 micrograms/mL of benzene. Using a nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling assay, aromatic DNA adducts were detected in cultured Zymbal glands exposed for 48 hr to benzene and its derivatives, as well as to 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Benzene produced very low levels of adducts (0.5 adducts per 10(9) nucleotides), whereas its congeners produced relatively high levels of adducts (50-2000 lesions per 10(9) nucleotides), which decreased in the order benzoquinone greater than hydroquinone greater than phenol greater than benzenetriol greater than catechol. Each adduct profile overall was characteristic for the compound studied, suggesting the formation of compound-specific electrophiles. AAF and DMBA adducts were identical to those formed in vivo in animals. Our results show that the Zymbal glands are capable of metabolizing different carcinogens to DNA-reactive intermediates, a process that may be causally associated with tumor formation in vivo in this organ.
The Physician's Oath and the Prevention of Nuclear War
Authors: Christine K. Cassel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

ON NOV 15, 1983, a sentence was added to the text of the oath taken by physicians in the Soviet Union at the time of their graduation from medical school. The new sentence reads, "Recognizing the danger which nuclear weaponry presents for mankind, [I promise] to struggle tirelessly for peace, and for the prevention of nuclear war." While the role of physicians in educating the public and policymakers about the risks of the nuclear arms race and about the medical consequences of the use of nuclear weapons has been the subject of lively discussion and debate in the United States and in other countries during the last several years, this example of a call for professional responsibility in this area has gone largely unnoticed. While there are distinct differences in the perspective of the Soviet oath from that of physicians in the United States, we share with Soviet physicians an
Eunuchoidism in Identical Twins
Authors: B. K. Ellenbogen, G. M. S. Ryan
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISMthe same form of intersexualization as described above.Since a familial tendency to this type of male pseudo- hermaphroditism has been reported (Schneider et al., 1952) one may suppose that the postulated oestrogen hyper- sensitivity is genetically determined.This explanation will not suffice for the new type, where the oestrogen levels seem to be higher and yet there is little or no mammary develop- ment and the vaginal smear appears to be hypo-oestrogenic.In the absence of factual knowledge of the gonadal structure in these patients it is probably better to refrain from specu- lation on the mechanism of intersexualization. SummaryTwo examples of a new and apparently undescribed type of male pseudohermaphroditism are reported.Both patients presented as eunuchoidal " females " com- plaining of primary amenorrhoea.They had normal axillary and pubic hair, little or no mammary development, and normal external genitalia, except for marked enlargement of the clitoris in one.The cervix was about normal, but the uterus was rudimentary and the vaginal smear was markedly hypo-oestrogenic.The urinary 17- ketosteroids were normal, and the oestrogen levels seemed to.be definitely higher than those found in other cases of primary amenorrhoea.The gonadotrophins were low in one and normal in the other.The chromo- somal sex, as determined by blood-film studies, and cQnfirmed by skin biopsies, was male.The differentiation of this type of male pseudohermaphroditism from the generally recognized variety of " intersex male with purely feminine external genitalia and bodily habitus" and from other relevant forms of hypogonadism is discussed.I am indebted to Dr. W. M. Davidson for examining and reporting on the blood films, and to Dr. Sylvia Dawkins, who referred Case 1, and Dr.
Transcervical resection of endometrium in women with menorrhagia.
Authors: A. L. Magos, R. Baumann, A. C. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1989)

As an alternative to hysterectomy 16 women with menorrhagia were treated with hysteroscopic transcervical resection of the endometrium with an unmodified urological resectoscope. Twelve patients requested total resection of the endometrial lining with the intention of producing amenorrhoea, and four chose partial resection and hypomenorrhoea. Surgery was completed successfully in 15; the remaining woman, who had an acutely retroflexed uterus, sustained a uterine perforation during insertion of the rigid hysteroscope. There were no important postoperative complications, and 13 patients were discharged from hospital the day after operation. Follow up for up to six months showed beneficial effects on the duration of menses and the subjective assessment of menstrual blood loss and pain in the treated women, six of them becoming amenorrhoeic after total resection. Hysteroscopy at three months in 13 patients showed fibrosis confined to the upper half of the uterine cavity. Endouterine biopsy specimens showed the presence of microscopic deposits of normal endometrium in 10 women. Although these results are preliminary, transcervical resection of the endometrium may have an important role in managing this common complaint.
Sonography for hip joint effusion in adults with hip pain
Authors: S M A Bierma-Zeinstra, A M Bohnen, J A N Verhaar, A Prins, A Z Ginai-Karamat, J S Laméris
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

The purposes of this communication are 1) to call attention to several problematic issues related to the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain control and 2) to consider strategies for correcting existing problems and averting additional problems in the future. Specific problems within two general areas of difficulty are identified, and proposed solutions to these problems are presented. It is hoped that discussion of these issues will encourage comment and debate, bring about further objective and critical evaluation of the effectiveness and value of TENS for pain control, and lead to a clearer understanding of the responsibilities of manufacturers and users of this therapeutic modality.
Leukemia-related chromosomal loss detected in hematopoietic progenitor cells of benzene-exposed workers
Authors: L Zhang, Q Lan, Z Ji, G Li, M Shen, R Vermeulen, W Guo, A E Hubbard, C M McHale, S M Rappaport, R B Hayes, M S Linet, S Yin, M T Smith, N Rothman
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Joseph Ignace Guillotin
Authors: Joseph Garland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

EVEN as the evil that men are merely said to do lives after them, so the present fame of Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin, a physician of Paris, rests on the attachment of his name to an instrument that he did not invent, and his very real contributions to society have been generally forgotten.Guillotin, a lawyer's son, was born on May 29, 1738, at Saintes; his education at Bordeaux progressed so satisfactorily that he was given at an early age a professorship in the Jesuit College in that city. After a short tenure at Bordeaux he matriculated in 1763 as . . .
Definition and diagnosis of occupational asthma
Authors: A Cartier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Asthma is the most frequent occupational lung disease. The diagnosis of occupational asthma, defined as variable airways narrowing, causally related to exposure in the working environment to specific airborne dusts, gases, vapours or fumes, needs to be confirmed by objective means. This article reviews the different steps of investigation which are: history, pulmonary function tests, immunological tests, monitoring of peak expiratory flows and nonallergic bronchial responsiveness and, finally, the gold standard, specific bronchial provocation.
Lidocaine and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert D. Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Once upon a time I had the opportunity to participate in the care of a disreputable patient who had been stabbed in the chest. The patient's injury was thought to be minor, but he was admitted to the hospital for observation. After about 12 hours his responses to questions became inappropriate, and he had at least one grand mal seizure. In the absence of immediate evidence that these changes stemmed from the injury, neurologic consultation was sought and plans were made for possible transfer to the neurologic service the next day. However, early that evening the patient became orthopneic and hypotensive (one examiner was unable to obtain the blood pressure and another obtained a pressure of 70/ 50 mm Hg). The patient proved to have cardiac tamponade secondary to a laceration of the aorta. After the laceration had been repaired and the patient had been returned to
Complications of Transtracheal Aspiration
Authors: C. David Spencer, Harry N. Beaty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

NUMEROUS studies have documented the value of transtracheal aspiration in determining the etiology of pneumonia, and all have stressed its safety.1 2 3 However, at the time the technic was introduced it was suggested that with widespread use more morbidity and "even some deaths" might well occur.4 This report describes three patients in whom serious complications of transtracheal aspiration were encountered, and calls attention to a morbid potential of this technic that has not been emphasized sufficiently.Case ReportsCase 1. A 63-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress due to pneumonia. Physical examination . . .
Collateral channels that develop after an acute myocardial infarction prevent subsequent left ventricular dilation
Authors: Kazuhisa Kodama, Hideo Kusuoka, Akihiko Sakai, Takayoshi Adachi, Shinji Hasegawa, Yasunori Ueda, Masayoshi Mishima, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada, Michitoshi Inoue, Atsushi Hirayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Wheelchair calisthenics keep patients fit
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

You don't have to be up and around to be up and at 'em in terms of exercise. Janet Reed, a wheelchair-bound paraplegic patient from Potomac, Md, a suburb of Washington, DC, has developed an exercise program for physically handicapped persons that she says has improved her muscle function below the level of the injury. In 1977 she was thrown from a horse, sustaining an incomplete cord lesion at the T-7 level. After about six months of daily exercises, as now laid out in her program, Reed believes that today she would be evaluated as a functional T-9. In addition, she says she has better bowel and bladder control and improved balance. "This exercise program has made me feel better, look better, and I enjoy myself doing it. It has saved my life," she says. Such improvement in traumatic paraplegia is not impossible, points out Ayub K. Ommaya, MD, clinical
Filarial Nodule in Epididymis
Authors: J. A. McMillan
Journal: BMJ (1964)

BRITiSHIn labour a large foetal head deep in the pelvic cavity may produce a ring of pressure on the lower segment or cervix resulting in ischaemia.The tearing force is provided by early expulsive efforts on the part of the mother.The ischaemic ring interferes with the mechanism of dilatation, but the cervix itself plays an entirely passive role, merely reflecting a functional failure at a higher level.The case presented would support this hypothesis in many respects.Labour was pro- longed, the cervix dilated to three fingers, the head was engaged, and forceps delivery of a very large baby (over 10 lb.-4.5 kg.) was
INTRA-OCULAR INJECTIONS OF SOLUTIONS OF VARIOUS ANTISEPTIC SUBSTANCES; AN EXPERIMENTAL INQUIRY.Read before the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: G. E. DE SCHWEINTTZ
Journal: JAMA (1893)

A number of researches have been published concerning the effect of the introduction of various substances, solid and liquid, into the vitreous chamber. These may be summariztd as follows: 1. The introduction into the vitreous of foreign bodies (pieces of wire, lead, glass, etc.), or of irritating liquids (croton oil, tincture of iodin, etc); 2. the injection of sterilized blood into the vitreous humor; 3. intra-ocular injections of various antiseptic liquids. Researches belonging to the first class, from the time of the publication of Pagenstecher's essay on the pathology of the vitreous to Leber's superb work, are chiefly concerned with the behavior of the vitreous towards these foreign substances, and with the complex problems which surround the pathology of inflammation. Researches of the second class, which date from the imperfect experiments of Legros, to the thorough investigation of the subject of blood injections into the vitreous by Pröbsting, have been
Need for antibiotic prophylaxis during hair electrolysis?
Authors: T K Daneshmend
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The reduced costs for metronidazole accounted for only 15%, of this saving.It is more difficult to tell how the quality of care has been affected, but there has been no detectable reduction.There has been an increased workload both in outpatient prescribing and in inpatient admissions in the past year, the increase in admissions being associated with a change in the emergency admissions policy.An increase in drug costs might well have been expected.It could be claimed that overall quality of care has improved in certain aspects, in that at a time of financial stringency our saving on standard drugs has allowed us to introduce new valuable but expensive treatments such as acyclovir, cisretinoic acid, and atracurium with only minimal overspending on the drug budget.We trust these trends will continue.
ENU mutagenesis identifies mice with mitochondrial branched-chain aminotransferase deficiency resembling human maple syrup urine disease
Authors: Jer-Yuarn Wu, Hsiao-Jung Kao, Sing-Chung Li, Robert Stevens, Steven Hillman, David Millington, Yuan-Tsong Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Tandem mass spectrometry was applied to detect derangements in the pathways of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea–treated (ENU-treated) mice. We identified mice with marked elevation of blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), ketoaciduria, and clinical features resembling human maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a severe genetic metabolic disorder caused by the deficiency of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) complex. However, the BCKD genes and enzyme activity were normal. Sequencing of branched-chain aminotransferase genes (Bcat) showed no mutation in the cytoplasmic isoform (Bcat-1) but revealed a homozygous splice site mutation in the mitochondrial isoform (Bcat-2). The mutation caused a deletion of exon 2, a marked decrease in Bcat-2 mRNA, and a deficiency in both BCAT-2 protein and its enzyme activity. Affected mice responded to a BCAA-restricted diet with amelioration of the clinical symptoms and normalization of the amino acid pattern. We conclude that BCAT-2 deficiency in the mouse can cause a disease that mimics human MSUD. These mice provide an important animal model for study of BCAA metabolism and its toxicity. Metabolomics-guided screening, coupled with ENU mutagenesis, is a powerful approach in uncovering novel enzyme deficiencies and recognizing important pathways of genetic metabolic disorders.
Beta spectrin kissimmee: a spectrin variant associated with autosomal dominant hereditary spherocytosis and defective binding to protein 4.1.
Authors: P S Becker, W T Tse, S E Lux, B G Forget
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We analyzed the DNA sequence of the cDNA encoding the NH2 terminal region of beta spectrin from members of a kindred with autosomal dominant hereditary spherocytosis associated with defective protein 4.1 binding. We found a point mutation at codon 202 within the 272 amino acid NH2-terminal region of beta spectrin. TGG was changed to CGG, resulting in the replacement of tryptophan by arginine. The base change eliminates a normally occurring PvuII restriction site and creates a new MspI site. This finding enabled rapid detection or exclusion of the mutation at the DNA level among the family members, including one member for whom this analysis was performed prenatally. The mutation was found only in the affected family members and occurred as a de novo mutation in the proband. It has not been found in 20 other kindreds. The recombinant peptide derived from the normal cDNA retains the capacity to sediment with protein 4.1 and F-actin. The mutant peptide spontaneously degrades. This variant represents both the first point mutation and the first beta spectrin mutation demonstrated in autosomal dominant hereditary spherocytosis. Furthermore, the mutation is located within a conserved sequence among spectrinlike proteins and may define an amino acid critical for protein 4.1 binding activity.
Long-term effects of protease-inhibitor-based combination therapy on CD4 T-cell recovery in HIV-1-infected children and adolescents
Authors: Chang-Heok Soh, James M Oleske, Michael T Brady, Stephen A Spector, William Borkowsky, Sandra K Burchett, Marc D Foca, Edward Handelsman, Eleanor Jiménez, Wayne M Dankner, Michael D Hughes
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
C1 esterase inhibitor gene expression in rat Kupffer cells, peritoneal macrophages and blood monocytes: modulation by interferon gamma.
Authors: T Armbrust, S Schwögler, G Zöhrens, G Ramadori
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Kupffer cells (KC) represent the main part of the tissue macrophages. Beside phagocytosis of particulate material, involvement of KC in immunological and inflammatory reactions has been supposed. As C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a serine protease inhibitor involved in such processes, the aim of this work was to study C1-INH synthesis in KC and, by comparison, in peritoneal macrophages (PM) and blood monocytes (MC) of the rat. C1-INH synthesis was studied on the protein level by biosynthetic labeling, immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, and on the RNA level by Northern blotting of total RNA or by in situ hybridization. KC were found to express C1-INH gene spontaneously. C1-INH synthesis represents 1.3 +/- 0.2% of total protein synthesis at day 1 of culture and the absolute amount each cell synthesis remains constant during the whole time in culture. Transcripts of C1-INH were detected both in freshly isolated and in cultured KC. In contrast, spontaneous C1-INH gene expression was not detectable in freshly isolated PM, but only in cultured PM. In MC, C1-INH was not detectable at any time, whatever. Treatment of the cells with interferon gamma increased C1-INH synthesis in KC and in PM and caused an induction of C1-INH synthesis in MC. The results suggest that constitutive C1-INH synthesis is a functional marker for mature tissue macrophages.
New Electrocardiographic Criteria for Discriminating Between Brugada Types 2 and 3 Patterns and Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Stéphane Chevallier, Andrei Forclaz, Joanna Tenkorang, Yannis Ahmad, Mohamed Faouzi, Denis Graf, Juerg Schlaepfer, Etienne Pruvot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A genome-wide association study identifies two new lung cancer susceptibility loci at 13q12.12 and 22q12.2 in Han Chinese
Authors: Zhibin Hu, Chen Wu, Yongyong Shi, Huan Guo, Xueying Zhao, Zhihua Yin, Lei Yang, Juncheng Dai, Lingmin Hu, Wen Tan, Zhiqiang Li, Qifei Deng, Jiucun Wang, Wei Wu, Guangfu Jin, Yue Jiang, Dianke Yu, Guoquan Zhou, Hongyan Chen, Peng Guan, Yijiang Chen, Yongqian Shu, Lin Xu, Xiangyang Liu, Li Liu, Ping Xu, Baohui Han, Chunxue Bai, Yuxia Zhao, Haibo Zhang, Ying Yan, Hongxia Ma, Jiaping Chen, Mingjie Chu, Feng Lu, Zhengdong Zhang, Feng Chen, Xinru Wang, Li Jin, Jiachun Lu, Baosen Zhou, Daru Lu, Tangchun Wu, Dongxin Lin, Hongbing Shen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Plight of the younger consultant
Authors: P C Reed
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Apart from the community physicians in their various roles, most of the other staff were recruited from the hospital services, knew little if anything of community medicine, and did not want to know.Fitted carpets, new furniture, and potted plants became the order of the day for the new administrators, the trans- ferred ex-local authority staff usually being left with their faded lino and furniture dating back to the early days of health departments.Developments in much-needed spheres such as the speech therapy service were curtailed because of financial considerations, while almost daily one saw further deliveries of new furniture and carpets.A plethora of subcommittees, working parties, and other teams appeared, all holding up the possibility of positive action even when there were few financial implications."Consensus" became stagnation.Fortunately I was able to retire- not to be replaced because of the financial crisis.