tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Delayed Neutrophil Apoptosis in Patients with Sleep Apnea
Authors: Larissa Dyugovskaya, Andrey Polyakov, Peretz Lavie, Lena Lavie
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia/reoxygenation (IHR), is associated with atherosclerosis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are implicated in atherogenesis by producing oxidizing radicals and proteolytic enzymes during PMN-endothelium interactions. PMN apoptosis is a fundamental, injury-limiting mechanism, which prevents their destructive potential.To determine whether PMN apoptosis and expression of adhesion molecules are affected by OSA and IHR in vitro.Apoptosis and expression of adhesion molecules were assessed in whole blood PMNs by flow cytometry, verified by various culture conditions, and morphology. These were complemented by exposing whole blood and purified PMNs to IHR and to sustained hypoxia in vitro.This study demonstrates for the first time that, in patients with moderate to severe OSA, PMN apoptosis is delayed. Apoptosis was attenuated in patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of more than 15, determined by decreased expression of low-CD16/annexin-V-positive PMNs, by lowered caspase-3 activity and nuclear condensation. Concomitantly, selectin-CD15 expression was increased in a severity-dependent manner in patients with moderate to severe OSA having an AHI greater than 15. The percentage of apoptotic PMNs was negatively correlated with OSA severity, determined by AHI, and positively with CD15 expression. In nasal continuous positive airway pressure-treated patients, CD15 expression was attenuated and low CD16 was increased, whereas omitting nasal continuous positive airway pressure for a single night increased CD15 expression and decreased the percentage of low CD16. IHR in vitro delayed PMN apoptosis as well.Decreased apoptosis and increased expression of adhesion molecules were noted in OSA PMNs. Although adhesion molecules may facilitate increased PMN-endothelium interactions, decreased apoptosis may further augment these interactions and facilitate free radical and proteolytic enzyme release.
The Management of Head Injuries
Authors: Frederick S. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

With warmth and practicality, this new book presents its British author's experience in the management of patients with head injuries. Neither a collection of theories nor a compendium of case reports, the volume is lucidly written and clearly illustrated in the best English tradition. Specifically, the author has provided many surgical suggestions, including the recognition of epidural hematomas in "unusual" areas (ie, not necessarily in the middle fossa underlying a fracture crossing the middle meningeal vessels); the value of hydrogen peroxide, applied topically, in stopping capillary oozing; and the absolute necessity for postoperative skull x-ray films to ascertain how completely bone fragments have been removed after compound fractures of the skull or missile wounds of the brain. A splendidly written section discusses the value and variety of intrathecal antibiotics used for the treatment of intracranial infections. An opinion held by Mr. Lewin is somewhat at variance with that held by
An unusual case of epigastric pain
Authors: Y. D. Wijeyeratne, N. Walters
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 56 year old man presented with a seven day history of worsening epigastric pain associated with nausea and belching. He had a history of splenectomy (after trauma), hyperlipidaemia, obesity, and Bell’s palsy. Abdominal computed tomography in 2007 had shown multiple abdominal nodules consistent with splenunculi but nothing else of note (splenunculi are accessory “miniature spleens” composed of normal splenic tissue that can partially compensate and take over the vital functions of the spleen after splenectomy). He had recently been prescribed orlistat to facilitate weight loss and had been taking the drug for about 10 days before the onset of symptoms.

On examination, he was haemodynamically stable, his temperature was 37.5°C, and his abdomen was soft but tender in the epigastric region and left iliac fossa. Digital rectal examination did not identify blood, masses, or melaena. Blood tests showed a mild neutrophilia (8.4×109/L; reference range 1.7-8.0) and raised C reactive protein (102.4 mg/L; 0-7.5; 1 mg/L=9.52 mmol/L), but normal liver biochemistry, renal function, and concentrations of amylase and lipase. While awaiting inpatient oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, his inflammatory markers deteriorated (increased) and his abdominal pain persisted, even though he was given appropriate analgesia and a high dose of a proton pump inhibitor. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of his abdomen was arranged to rule out an intra-abdominal collection (figs 1⇓ and 2⇓).







### 1. What do the images show?

#### Short answer

The figures show non-occlusive acute venous thrombosis in the portal and mesenteric veins.

#### Long answer

Computed tomography showed no evidence of a collection but the appearances of the portal and mesenteric veins were in keeping with non-occlusive acute venous thrombosis (figs …
Hemoglobin A<sub>1C</sub> separation by isoelectric focusing
Authors: Luciano Beccaria, Giuseppe Chiumello, Elisabetta Gianazza, Benedetta Luppis, Pier Giorgio Righetti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

A modified type of isolectric focusing has been applied successfully to the separation of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) from HbA in normal and diabetic cell lysates. It consists of transforming a linear pH gradient into a nonlinear one, by the addition of an amphoteric substance ("separator" or "pH gradient modifier") with an isoelectric point (pI) close to the pI's of the two hemoglobins. Among the "modifiers" tested, histidine, proline, threonine, beta-alanine, 6-amino caproic acid, and 5-amino valeric acid are not useful in the hemoglobin pI range (pH 6.9--7.0). The dipeptide histidyl-glycine (pI = 6.8; pI-pK1 = 1) is very efficient in flattening the pH gradient, in the hemoglobin region. even when added in low concentrations (10--100 mM), thus affording full resolution of the two hemoglobin species.
929-63 Dobutamine Stress Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging versus PET for Detection of Myocardial Viability
Authors: Valérie Julien, Michel Ovize, Marc Janier, Claire Baldy, Sameh Bakhoum, Roland Itti, Didier Revel, Xavier André-Fouët
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Epidemiology of hepatitis C
Authors: M J Alter
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In the United States, the annual number of newly acquired acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections has declined from an estimated 180,000 in the mid 1980s to an estimated 28,000 in 1995. Approximately 25% to 30% of these infections are clinically apparent cases that are sufficiently symptomatic to gain medical attention. Deaths from fulminant hepatitis C are rare. The prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in the general population of the United States is 1.8%, corresponding to an estimated 3.9 million Americans infected with HCV, and an estimated 8,000 to 10,000 deaths each year result from HCV-associated chronic liver disease. HCV infection affects persons of all ages, but most acute cases of hepatitis C and the highest prevalence of anti-HCV are found among young adults. The highest proportion both of incident cases and prevalent infections is among whites, but the highest incidence and prevalence rates are among non-white racial/ethnic groups. In the past, transfusion of blood and blood products was an important source of HCV transmission, but currently, high-risk drug and sexual exposures account for most HCV transmission. Although the incidence of acute hepatitis C has declined, there is a large reservoir of chronically infected Americans who can serve as a source of transmission to others and who are at risk of the severe consequences of chronic liver disease.
Estrogen Receptor α and β are Prognostic Factors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hideki Kawai, Akira Ishii, Kiyotada Washiya, Toshiko Konno, Hiroto Kon, Chiharu Yamaya, Iwao Ono, Yoshihiro Minamiya, Junichi Ogawa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) and -β (ER-β) play important roles in the carcinogenesis of breast tumors. Similarly, there have been several reports of ER expression in lung cancers, but the results have not been consistent, and the receptors' prognostic value remains unclear. Our goal was to investigate ER expression in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess whether their expression correlates with prognosis. Experimental Design: ER expression was examined using immunohistochemical methods with sections from 132 resected NSCLC specimens. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were analyzed to determine the significance of ER expression in the prognosis of NSCLC patients. Results: ER-α was detected in the cytoplasm of 73% of the specimens analyzed, whereas ER-β was detected in the nucleus of 51%. ER-α expression correlated with poorer overall survival (P&amp;lt;0.001), as did the absence of ER-β expression (P = 0.048). Likewise, at histopathologic stage I, ER-α expression (P = 0.028) or the absence of ER-β (P = 0.037) correlated with a poorer prognosis, and ER-α(+)ER-β(−) patients had a significantly worse prognosis than ER-α(−)ER-β(+) patients (P = 0.00007). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed the absence of ER-β to be an independent factor predictive of poor disease outcome (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.4; P = 0.0264). Conclusions: ER-α expression and the absence of ER-β expression are associated with a poorer prognosis among NSCLC patients. In particular, the absence of ER-β could serve as a marker identifying patients at high risk even at an early clinical stage.
Hearing Elicits No Plan to Raise Autopsy Rates
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

AUTOPSIES have declined in recent decades, and the situation worries a number of authorities. For example, in a recent issue of the British medical journal<i>The Lancet</i>(1994;344:1517-1518), an editorial pointed out that "there are considerable discrepancies between clinical diagnoses and necropsy findings," emphasizing the "importance of necropsy in modern clinical practice." The falling rate of autopsies in the United States has been a source of concern for some time. It is estimated that in 1950, autopsies were performed after 50% to 60% of hospital deaths. Currently, the rate is estimated to be well below 20%, with many areas of the country having rates well below 10%, said Donald T. Lewers, MD, a nephrologist who practices in Easton, Md, and a member of the American Medical Association's Board of Trustees. Lewers spoke at a meeting of the Practicing Physicians Advisory Council, a group that advises the Health Care Financing Administration
Does angiography six months after coronary intervention influence management and outcome?
Authors: Peter N Ruygrok, Rein Melkert, Marie-Angèle M Morel, John A Ormiston, Frits W Bär, Francisco Fernandez-Avilès, Harry Suryapranata, Keith D Dawkins, Claude Hanet, Patrick W Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Secondly, improve availability of interventional radiology
Authors: T. Nicholson, D. Kessel
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An important element of the SIGN guidelines is evidence based advice about the management of patients who fail medical and endoscopic or sigmoidoscopic therapy.1 SIGN advocates computed tomography angiography for diagnosis and embolisation for treatment of non-variceal haemorrhage, as well as transjugular portosystemic shunting for variceal haemorrhage.

NHS …
Arteriovenous Aneurysm on the Pulmonary Artery Simulating Patent Ductus Arteriosus Botalli
Authors: G. Biorck, C. Crafoord
Journal: Thorax (1947)

The diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus Botalli is usually established by the simultaneous finding of a continuous murmur over the pulmonary area, frequently accompanied by a thrill, and prominence of the pulmonary artery together with "hilar dance" at fluoroscopy.Right heart catheterization has made possible a closer study of the haemodynamic and circulatory effects of the arteriovenous shunt in cases of patent ductus and other congenital heart lesions, and will thus increase the precision of the diagnosis.A diagnostic mistake therefore seems unlikely, provided these investigations are undertaken.In this paper, however, we report a case in which there was a continuous murmur over the pulmonary area, confirmed by phonocardiogram, and where the fluoroscopy and radiograph were judged to be fairly characteristic of a patent ductus arteriosus by the radiologist who studies.most of the patients with congenital heart disease brought to the clinics of Nylin and Crafoord.Right heart catheterization was not performed, but it is clear from the operative findings that it would have given no aid in establishing the diagnosis before operation.Instead of a patent ductus, the operation revealed an abnormal artery, originating from the base of the heart and winding along the wall of the pulmonary artery, with which it communicated through an aneurysmal dilatation.This imitated the symptoms and signs,of a patent ductus in the production and propagation of murmurs, and also, to a certain extent, radiographically.As there was an arteriovenous shunt from the arterial to the venous side of the heart, it would probably not have been possible by blood gas analysis of samples taken by right heart catheterization to deduce in detail the nature of the shunt.However, the diagnostic-error was only an anatomical one; operation would equally have been indicated, even had the true nature of -the abnormality been suspected.Although there have been some recent -articles about pulmonary aneurysm, and also about abnormalities of the coronary arteries, we have not been able to find any report of a congenital communication between the coronary and the pulmonary arteries.It is evident from the studies of d'Aunoy and von Hamm (1934), Boyd and McGavack (1939), Nixon (1944), and Holmes (I944) that there are real aneurysms of the pulmonary artery and that these are sometimes com-
Developmental defects of lymphoid cells in Jak3 kinase-deficient mice
Authors: Seung Yong Park, Kaoru Saijo, Takamune Takahashi, Masataka Osawa, Hisashi Areas, Nakami Hirayama, Keiko Miyake, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Takuji Shirasawa, Takashi Saito
Journal: Immunity (1995)
Survival of 125iodine-labeled Factor VIII in normals and patients with classic hemophilia. Observations on the heterogeneity of human Factor VIII.
Authors: J Over, J J Sixma, M H Bruïne, M C Trieschnigg, R A Vlooswijk, N H Beeser-Visser, B N Bouma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Radiolabeled human Factor VIII was used to study its survival in normals and patients with classic hemophilia, and to study the heterogeneity of Factor VIII; Purified Factor VIII was radiolabeled with 125iodine (125I-VIII) without loss of its structural integrity. The survival of 125I-VIII was studied in six normals and six hemophiliacs of whom four of the hemophiliacs had received transfusions with normal cryoprecipitate before the 125I-VIII infusion. No significant difference was observed between the disappearance of Factor VIII coagulant activity and radioactivity in these hemophiliacs. 125I-VIII in plasma showed a biphasic disappearance with an average t1/2 of 2.9 +/- 0.4 h (SEM) for the first phase and 18.6 +/- 0.7 h (SEM) for the second phase, respectively. The survival of 125I-VIII was similar comparing normals and hemophiliacs. The highest molecular weight forms of Factor VIII disappear more rapidly than the lower molecular weight ones. This was established by analysis of the fractions obtained by gel chromatography of plasma collected at several times after infusion and by analysis of the in vivo disappearance of three subfractions of Factor VIII. The fraction of 125I-VIII binding to platelets in the presence of ristocetin (containing the highest molecular weight forms of Factor VIII including the ristocetin cofactor) represented about 50% of the radioactivity present in plasma after infusion and showed a t 1/2 of 11.7 +/- 0.9 h (SEM) for the second phase. The fraction, which was recovered in cryoprecipitate of the recipient's plasma, represented about 90% of the initial radioactivity and showed a t 1/2 of 16.3 +/- 0.8 h (SEM) for the second phase. The fraction of 125I-VIII remaining in the cryosupernatant plasma (containing low molecular weight forms of Factor (VIII) showed a t 1/2 of 27.2 +/- 1.1 h (SEM). The first phase of the disappearance of 125I-VIII is caused in part by the disappearance of the highest molecular weight forms, which are possibly removed by the reticuloendothelial system.
Effect of surgery on tumour-directed leucocyte responses.
Authors: B M Vose, G C Moudgil
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Leucocytes from 22 out of 26 patients with mammary carcinoma were significantly cytotoxic in vitro for cells cultured from mammary tumours though only two out of 17 of these preparations were cytotoxic for cells cultured from tumours arising at other sites. In the immediate postoperative period reactivity of patients' leucocytes with mammary tumour cells was undetectable but returned within one week of surgery. Leucocyte cytotoxicity may therefore offer a model in which the mechanism of postoperative depression of immunological competence may be investigated.
Adverse Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Morven S. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aortic Length: Angiocardiographic Measurements
Authors: CHARLES T. DOTTER, DOUGLAS J. ROBERTS, ISRAEL STEINBERG
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Statistical analysis of measurement of aortic length made on 250 angiocardiograms indicates that arteriosclerosis, hypertension and syphilitic aortitis produce elongation of the aorta. Aortic length varies widely among normal individuals but is roughly ten times the caliber of the ascending aorta. Syphilitic aortitis produces disproportionate elongation of the ascending portion of the aorta as compared to arteriosclerosis or hypertension.
Effects of endogenous endothelial interleukin-8 on neutrophil migration across an endothelial monolayer
Authors: M. Takahashi, J.-I. Masuyama, U. Ikeda, S.-I. Kitagawa, T. Kasahara, M. Saito, S. Kano, K. Shimada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Recent studies suggest that interleukin-8 (IL-8) is involved in the neutrophil infiltration of subendothelial myocardial tissue in the ischaemia/reperfusion injury associated with acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IL-8 on transendothelial neutrophil migration using an in vitro three dimensional double chamber migration assay system.Human neutrophils were incubated with human endothelial cell monolayers for 1 h, and adherent and migrated neutrophils were then counted. Expression of IL-8 mRNA and secretion of its protein by endothelial cells were analysed respectively by northern blotting and ELISA.Recombinant human (rh) IL-8 (50 ng.ml-1) placed in the lower compartment significantly increased neutrophil adhesion 1.7-fold and transmigration 2.3-fold, compared with control conditions using medium alone in both compartments. In contrast, rh IL-8 (50 ng.ml-1) in the upper compartment significantly inhibited neutrophil adhesion and transmigration by 53% and 61% respectively compared with controls. Neutrophil adhesion and transmigration was dependent on the IL-8 concentration gradient between upper and lower compartments. Unstimulated endothelial cells showed no IL-8 expression, but endothelial cells pretreated with IL-1 beta (25 U.ml-1) markedly induced endogenous IL-8 mRNA and protein accumulation. When endothelial cells were cocultured with neutrophils, enhanced endogenous IL-8 production was observed. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with IL-1 beta for 4 and 24 h increased neutrophil transmigration 2.8-fold and 3.0-fold respectively, compared with unstimulated endothelial cells. The addition of anti-IL-8 monoclonal antibody (12.5 micrograms.ml-1) to the upper compartment with IL-1 beta-pretreated endothelial cells further enhanced transmigration from 2.8- to 3.3-fold and from 3.0- to 4.3-fold respectively.Endogenous endothelial IL-8, secreted from activated endothelial cells into the apical side of endothelial cell monolayers, has an inhibitory effect on transendothelial migration of neutrophils, suggesting that IL-8 may prevent excessive neutrophil infiltration of myocardial tissue from circulating blood in the reperfusion injury associated with acute myocardial infarction.
Multiple accessory pathways in patients with the pre-excitation syndrome.
Authors: J J Gallagher, W C Sealy, J Kasell, A G Wallace
Journal: Circulation (1976)

We have studied 135 patients with the pre-excitation syndrome and have demonstrated evidence of multiple accessory pathways in 20 patients. Five patients had two distinct accessory atrioventricular (A-V) connections, associated with enhanced A-V node conduction in one patient. Twelve patients had a single accessory A-V connection associated with enhanced A-V conduction. In one of these there was an additional fasciculo-ventricular connection. One patient had an accessory A-V connection associated with a nodoventricular bundle. Two patients had fasciculo-ventricular connections combined with enhanced A-V conduction. The latter two patients had electrocardiograms suggestive of a complete accessory A-V connection. Patients with enhanced A-V conduction had shorter cycle lengths during reciprocating tachycardia, primarily because of a short A-H during the dysrhythmia, than those without such conduction. In addition, patients with enhanced A-V conduction demonstrated more rapid conduction from atrium to His bundle during induced atrial fibrillation and two developed life-threatening ventricular responses during atrial fibrillation. A nodo-ventricular pathway was documented to participate in reciprocating tachycardia in one patient. Surgery was undertaken in 13 patients. In 11, the intraoperative mapping studies confirmed the preoperative predictions. In two patients, the presence of a second accessory A-V connection was documented after ablation of one.
Standards on age, height and weight in Olympic running events for men.
Authors: T. Khosla
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

The Olympic champions, finalists and participants are well differentiated on age, height and weight (adjusted for height) in each of the eight running events. Height for height, the champions in sprinting events are heavier than other participants but the trend is reversed in long distance events. Physiological reasons for these differences are discussed.
CHANGING COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES AS DESTINATION THERAPY
Authors: Mark J. Russo, Annetine Gelijns, Keith Aaronson, Leslie Miller, Kimberly Hong, Mehmet Oz, Deborah Ascheim, Frank Pagani, Yoshifumi Naka, Eric Rose, Alan Moskowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)