tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Diastolic Murmur of Atrial Septal Defects as Detected by Intracardiac Phonocardiography
Authors: ALF WENNEVOLD
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Intracardiac phonocardiography was performed in 18 patients with the secundum type of atrial septal defect. In eight patients a delayed diastolic murmur was recorded in the inflow tract of the right ventricle and was probably due to the increased flow through the tricuspid valve; the murmur was audible at external auscultation in five of the patients. In 13 patients a diastolic murmur was recorded in the right atrium; eight patients had an early diastolic murmur, two patients had a delayed diastolic murmur, and the remaining three patients had both kinds of murmurs. The early diastolic murmur did not correspond in time to the murmur found in the right ventricle and was probably due to the flow through the defect. The delayed diastolic murmur could be due either to the flow through the tricuspid valve or through the defect. None of the atrial diastolic murmurs were audible at external auscultation.
THE SERUM OPACITY REACTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES
Authors: Franklin H. Top, Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Investigation into the antigenicity of streptococcal lipoproteinase has revealed the existence of multiple, immunologically distinct enzymes. Each lipoproteinase identified was found to be strain specific in that it was found only in strains of a particular T-agglutination pattern. In some T patterns, all streptococci of that T pattern which were examined shared a common lipoproteinase antigen. In other T patterns, strains which produced antigenically different lipoproteinases were identified. Evidence that the lipoproteinase antigen is distinct from other well-established cellular antigens of Group A streptococci has been presented. The production of this strain-specific enzyme by strains currently difficult to type by the standard M precipitin method may facilitate more precise identification of these strains and a better assessment of their role in the pathogenesis of Group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae.
978 PLATELET FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS ESTIMATED BY ROTEM THROMBOELASTOGRAPHY AND FLOW CYTOMETRY. COMPARISON WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS
Authors: I. Binas, J. Vlachogiannakos, P. Kotsi, I. Anastasopoulou, I. Vafiadi-Zoumbouli, S.D. Ladas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Stem Cell Research
Authors: Irving Weissman
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Most tissues in complex metazoans contain a rare subset of cells that, at the single-cell level, can self-renew and also give rise to mature daughter cells. Such stem cells likely in development build tissues and are retained in adult life to regenerate them. Cancers and leukemias are apparently not an exception: rare leukemia stem cells and cancer stem cells have been isolated that contain all of the tumorigenicity of the whole tumor, and it is their properties that will guide future therapies. None of this was apparent just 20 years ago, yet this kind of stem cell thinking already provides new perspectives in medical science and could usher in new therapies. Today, political, religious, and ethical issues surround embryonic stem cell and patient-specific pluripotent stem cell research and are center stage in the attempts by governments to ban these fields for discovery and potential therapies. These interventions require physicians and physician-scientists to determine for themselves whether patient welfare or personal ethics will dominate in their practices, and whether all aspects of stem cell research can be pursued in a safe and regulated fashion.
Leukotriene and Prostanoid Pathway Enzymes in Bronchial Biopsies of Seasonal Allergic Asthmatics
Authors: MICHELLE L. SEYMOUR, SABINA RAK, DANIEL ÅBERG, GERT C. RIISE, JOHN F. PENROSE, YOSHIHIDE KANAOKA, K. FRANK AUSTEN, STEPHEN T. HOLGATE, ANTHONY P. SAMPSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Cysteinyl-leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2 generated by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways, respectively, cause bronchoconstriction, leukocyte recruitment, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthma. We characterized the cellular expression of 5-LO and COX enzymes using immunohistochemistry on bronchial biopsies from 12 allergic asthmatic patients before and during seasonal exposure to birch pollen. Bronchial responsiveness (p = 0.004) and symptoms (p < 0.005) increased and peak expiratory flow (PEF; p ⩽ 0.02) decreased in the pollen season. In-season biopsies had 2-fold more cells immunostaining for 5-LO (p = 0.02), 5-LO–activating protein (FLAP; p = 0.04), and leukotriene (LT)A4 hydrolase (p = 0.05), and 4-fold more for the terminal enzyme for cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis, LTC4 synthase (p = 0.02). Immunostaining for COX-1, COX-2, and PGD2 synthase was unchanged. Increased staining for LTC4 synthase was due to increased eosinophils (p = 0.035) and an increased proportion of eosinophils expressing the enzyme (p = 0.047). Macrophages also increased (p = 0.019), but mast cells and T-lymphocyte subsets were unchanged. Inverse correlations between PEF and 5-LO+ cell counts link increased expression of 5-LO pathway enzymes in eosinophils and macrophages within the bronchial mucosa to deterioration of lung function during seasonal allergen exposure.
Phase II Study of Taxol, Merbarone, and Piroxantrone in Stage IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Results
Authors: A. Y. Chang, K. Kim, J. Glick, T. Anderson, D. Karp, D. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Phase II Study of Taxol, Merbarone, and Piroxantrone in Stage IV Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Results Get access A. Y. Chang, A. Y. Chang Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Cancer CenterRochester, N.Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Kim, K. Kim Department of Biostatistics, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBoston, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Glick, J. Glick Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Cancer CenterPhiladelphia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar T. Anderson, T. Anderson Department of Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Karp, D. Karp Department of Medicine, Tufts New England Medical Center HospitalBoston, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. Johnson D. Johnson Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt UniversityNashville, Tenn Correspondence to: Alex. Y.Chang, M.D., 224 Alexander St., Oncology/Hematology Division, The Genesee Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14607. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 5, 3 March 1993, Pages 388–394, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.5.388 Published: 03 March 1993 Article history Received: 27 December 1992 Revision received: 29 December 1992 Accepted: 05 January 1993 Published: 03 March 1993
LAPAROTOMY WITH REPORT OF CASES.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May 1891.
Authors: J. H. BRANHAM
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The following paper is a report of the eleven laparotomies which I have done up to this time. They have all occurred during the past two years. The number is too small to be of much value from a statistical standpoint, but the difficulties met with in these cases are probably more keenly appreciated by a beginner than by an older operator, and I hope, by calling your attention to these, to make my report of value to those surgeons who are entering this field. could not be found. The bladder, which was adherent to the anterior part of the tumor, was drawn nearly up to the umbilicus, and was opened during the operation. It was carefully closed, and the patient made an uninterrupted recovery. <i>Case 2</i>.—The right ovary was displaced into the inguinal region, was enlarged, softened, beginning to suppurate, and attached to the lower part of the small
Parents wrongfully accused of child abuse cannot sue doctors
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Objective</h3> To produce consensus-based scoring systems for ultrasound (US) tenosynovitis and to assess the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of these scoring systems in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> We undertook a Delphi process on US-defined tenosynovitis and US scoring system of tenosynovitis in RA among 35 rheumatologists, experts in musculoskeletal US (MSUS), from 16 countries. Then, we assessed the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of US in scoring tenosynovitis on B-mode and with a power Doppler (PD) technique. Ten patients with RA with symptoms in the hands or feet were recruited. Ten rheumatologists expert in MSUS blindly, independently and consecutively scored for tenosynovitis in B-mode and PD mode three wrist extensor compartments, two finger flexor tendons and two ankle tendons of each patient in two rounds in a blinded fashion. Intraobserver reliability was assessed by Cohen9s κ. Interobserver reliability was assessed by Light9s κ. Weighted κ coefficients with absolute weighting were computed for B-mode and PD signal. <h3>Results</h3> Four-grade semiquantitative scoring systems were agreed upon for scoring tenosynovitis in B-mode and for scoring pathological peritendinous Doppler signal within the synovial sheath. The intraobserver reliability for tenosynovitis scoring on B-mode and PD mode was good (κ value 0.72 for B-mode; κ value 0.78 for PD mode). Interobserver reliability assessment showed good κ values for PD tenosynovitis scoring (first round, 0.64; second round, 0.65) and moderate κ values for B-mode tenosynovitis scoring (first round, 0.47; second round, 0.45). <h3>Conclusions</h3> US appears to be a reproducible tool for evaluating and monitoring tenosynovitis in RA.
Neurological and Neurosurgical Intensive Care
Authors: Richard Owen Burns
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is extremely well written, and it will be rewarding reading for neurologists, neurosurgeons, and ancillary specialists who are involved in the care of patients with neurological and neurosurgical problems. Certainly the astute nurse in the intensive care unit will find that this book gives her the necessary information to understand basic physiology and pathology, as well as providing a plethora of useful, practical hints in the daily care of the patient.  The first chapter discusses the physiological factors involved in pressure changes within the cranial wall, the factors that tend to increase intracranial pressure and those that tend to decrease it. Many phrases in this chapter are pithy enough to warrant underlining.  The book covers mechanisms and indications for intracranial pressure devices and has a chapter on EEG monitoring. Several chapters on the respiratory care of brain-injured and spinal cord-injured patients give a basic understanding of the pathophysiology
MAT2B-GIT1 interplay activates MEK1/ERK 1 and 2 to induce growth in human liver and colon cancer
Authors: Hui Peng, Lily Dara, Tony W.H. Li, Yuhua Zheng, Heping Yang, Maria Lauda Tomasi, Ivan Tomasi, Pasquale Giordano, Jose M. Mato, Shelly C. Lu
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Methionine adenosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B) encodes for two variant proteins (V1 and V2) that promote cell growth. Using in-solution proteomics, GIT1 (G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase Interacting ArfGAP 1) was identified as a potential interacting partner of MAT2B. Here, we examined the functional significance of this interplay. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments examined protein interactions. Tissue expression levels of proteins were examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Expression levels of proteins were varied using transient knockdown or overexpression to observe the effect of alterations in each protein on the entire complex. Direct interaction among individual proteins was further verified using in vitro translated and recombinant proteins. We found both MAT2B variants interact with GIT1. Overexpression of V1, V2, or GIT1 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), raised cyclin D1 protein level, and increased growth, whereas the opposite occurred when V1, V2, or GIT1 was knocked down. MAT2B and GIT1 require each other to activate MEK1/ERK and increase growth. MAT2B directly interacts with MEK1, GIT1, and ERK2. Expression level of V1, V2, or GIT1 directly influenced recruitment of GIT1 or MAT2B and ERK2 to MEK1, respectively. In pull-down assays, MAT2B directly promoted binding of GIT1 and ERK2 to MEK1. MAT2B and GIT1 interact and are overexpressed in most human liver and colon cancer specimens. Increased expression of V1, V2, or GIT1 promoted growth in an orthotopic liver cancer model, whereas increased expression of either V1 or V2 with GIT1 further enhanced growth and lung metastasis.MAT2B and GIT1 form a scaffold, which recruits and activates MEK and ERK to promote growth and tumorigenesis. This novel MAT2B/GIT1 complex may provide a potential therapeutic gateway in human liver and colon cancer. (HEPATOLOGY 2012).
Molecular biology of the cardiac sodium/hydrogen exchanger
Authors: L. Fliegel, J. R.B. Dyck
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Molecular biology of the cardiac sodium/hydrogen exchanger Get access Larry Fliegel, Larry Fliegel * Cardiovascular Disease Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, 417 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada *Correspondence to Dr Fliegel. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jason R.B. Dyck Jason R.B. Dyck Cardiovascular Disease Research Group, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, 417 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1995, Pages 155–159, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88563-4 Published: 01 February 1995 Article history Received: 23 March 1994 Accepted: 24 May 1994 Published: 01 February 1995
Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Risk for Heart Failure in Elderly Individuals without a Previous Myocardial Infarction: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Lisa M. Sullivan, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Ronenn Roubenoff, Tamara Harris, Douglas B. Sawyer, Daniel Levy, Peter W.F. Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Several experimental investigations have emphasized the favorable effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on left ventricular remodeling, partly through its antiapoptotic effects. Cross-sectional clinical studies have reported that low serum IGF-I levels in patients with heart failure correlate with cachexia and severity of ventricular dysfunction. It is unclear whether low serum IGF-I is a risk factor for heart failure. Objective: To prospectively study the association between serum IGF-I level and the incidence of congestive heart failure. Design: Community-based, prospective cohort study. Setting: Framingham, Massachusetts. Participants: 717 elderly individuals (mean age, 78.4 years; 67% women) who did not have myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure at baseline. Measurement: Incidence of a first episode of congestive heart failure on follow-up. Results: During follow-up (mean, 5.2 years), 56 participants (35 women) developed congestive heart failure. In multivariable Cox regression models adjusting for established risk factors at baseline, there was a 27% decrease in risk for heart failure for every 1 standard deviation increment in log IGF-I. Individuals with serum IGF-I level at or above the median value (140 g/L) had half the risk for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.92]) of those with serum IGF-I levels below the median. These comparisons were maintained in analyses adjusting for the occurrence of a myocardial infarction on follow-up. Conclusions: In our prospective, community-based investigation, serum IGF-I level was inversely related to the risk for congestive heart failure in elderly people without a previous myocardial infarction. Additional investigations are warranted to confirm these findings.
Notes on the Evolution of a Medical Specialist 1907-1965
Authors: Joseph B. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Most of us are fascinated with "the inside stories" of prominent people in medicine and science, as in all other fields. This mini-monograph relates in semiautobiographical fashion the early life of a physician whose name will live forever in the annals of medical history. Dr Burrill B. Crohn (1884-1983), in fact, did not discover Crohn's disease. This entity probably had been described by the Scotsman Dalziel in 1913, and, before him, the noted British physician Samuel Fenwick (1821-1902) had published the description of a patient with very comparable findings. Fenwick also may have been preceded by others in earlier centuries (eg, "the iliac passion"). To some, this entity might well have been called "CGO disease" to acknowledge the important contributions of Leon Ginzburg and Gordon Oppenheimer as well as Burrill Crohn. Whatever the circumstances, this entity has been given the eponym Crohn's disease, and to the credit of Crohn, Ginzburg,
Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Patients with Leukemia: First Sign of Invasive Mycosis?
Authors: Corrado Girmenia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Two patients with leukemia, who underwent remission induction chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, respectively, reported chest pain and dyspnea after recovery from neutropenia. In both patients, chest radiographs showed only a pneumothorax, whereas computed tomographic scanning also showed a peripheral pseudomycetoma. Antifungal treatment was instituted. The occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with hematologic malignancies, particularly after recovery from neutropenia, may indicate the presence of a subpleural infection. Computed tomographic scanning can reveal peripheral pulmonary lesions that are not detected by chest roentgenography.
INPP5E mutations cause primary cilium signaling defects, ciliary instability and ciliopathies in human and mouse
Authors: Monique Jacoby, James J Cox, Stéphanie Gayral, Daniel J Hampshire, Mohammed Ayub, Marianne Blockmans, Eileen Pernot, Marina V Kisseleva, Philippe Compère, Serge N Schiffmann, Fanni Gergely, John H Riley, David Pérez-Morga, C Geoffrey Woods, Stéphane Schurmans
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Cytologic Identification of Oocytes in Ovarian-Cyst Aspirates
Authors: E Greenebaum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. A 31-year-old woman was receiving gonadotropin stimulation as part of an in vitro fertilization protocol. By day 10 of her menstrual cycle a 5-cm ovarian cyst had developed. The cyst was aspirated transvaginally under sonographic guidance. Cytospin preparations of the specimen were stained with Papanicolaou stain. A single oocyte, approximately 150 μm in diameter, with coarsely granular cytoplasm (yolk) and a barely visible nucleus, was identified (Panel A, ×60). The oocyte had a visible zona pellucida, and a layer of granulosa (i.e., follicular) cells surrounded the oocyte, forming the corona radiata. The granulosa cells had undergone luteinization, as . . .
Modification of the transcriptomic response to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by lipoxin analog
Authors: Niamh E. Kieran, Peter P. Doran, Susan B. Connolly, Marie-Claire Greenan, Debra F. Higgins, Martin Leonard, Catherine Godson, Cormac T. Taylor, Anna Henger, Matthias Kretzler, Melissa J. Burne, Hamid Rabb, Hugh R. Brady
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Neonatal and maternal platelets: Activation at time of birth
Authors: Carlos R. Suarez, Jose Gonzalez, Cesar Menendez, Jawed Fareed, Raoul Fresco, Jeanine Walenga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Determination of the plasma concentrations of beta‐thromboglobulin (BTG), thromboxane B 2 (TxB 2 ) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were made at the time of birth in 18 newborns and their respective mothers. Both groups show significant elevation of all these molecular markers, suggesting marked platelet activation. The elevated TxB 2 levels in the newborn group, 25 ± 8 pg/ml, are compatible with a normally functioning and activated platelet prostaglandin pathway. Mode of delivery, vaginal or caesarean section, does not significantly influence the degree of activation in either group. Ultrastructural platelet examination did not reveal any morphologic differences between maternal and newborn platelets. There appears to be marked activation of the newborn and maternal platelet systems at the time of birth, and we postulate that this may explain in part the transient platelet dysfunction observed in newborns.
Gene-culture coevolution does not replace standard evolutionary theory
Authors: Mauro Adenzato
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Though the target article is not without fertile suggestions, at least two problems limit its overall validity: (1) the extended gene-culture coevolutionary framework is not an alternative to standard evolutionary theory; (2) the proposed model does not explain how much time is necessary for selective pressure to determine the stabilization of a new aspect of the genotype.
Prognostic Significance of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prostate-Specific Antigen in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Nested Study Within CALGB 9583
Authors: Susan Halabi, Eric J. Small, Daniel F. Hayes, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Philip W. Kantoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To determine whether reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-positive cells is a prognostic factor for survival in hormone refractory prostate cancer and to validate the prognostic importance of this test in relation to other known prognostic factors.A single centralized laboratory received and analyzed whole blood for RT-PCR for PSA for a subset of patients enrolled on two Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) randomized trials (CALGB 9583 and CALGB 9480). Using 9583, a prognostic model was developed and an independent data set (CALGB 9480) was used to validate the fitted model.Of 162 patients in 9583, 91 (56%) patients were negative for RT-PCR for PSA and 71 (44%) patients were positive. The median survival time was 21 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 27 months) for RT-PCR-negative patients compared with 11 months (95% CI, 8 to 15 months) for RT-PCR-positive patients (P < or =.001). In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio (HR) for death was 1.7 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.4; P =.006) for positive RT-PCR patients compared with negative RT-PCR patients. A fitted model that incorporated RT-PCR for PSA and other factors was used to classify patients from 9480 into one of two risk groups: low or high. We observed good agreement between the observed and predicted survival probabilities for the two risk groups.RT-PCR to detect PSA-positive circulating cells is confirmed to be a significant prognostic factor of survival in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. This model could be used to stratify patients in randomized phase III trials.
Idiopathic fibrosing hypertrophic gastritis: a new entity that mimics linitis plastica carcinoma
Authors: T. Terada
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The author reports a case and proposes a hitherto undescribed entity of “idiopathic fibrosing hypertrophic gastritis”. This entity is characterized by diffuse severe submucosal fibrosis and hypertrophy of the muscularis propria of the stomach, of unknown etiology. This gastritis characteristically simulates linitis plastica carcinoma and causes pyloric stenosis, endoscopically and grossly.