tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MENTAL ABNORMALITIES IN CRIMINALS BASED ON BRIGGS LAW CASES
Authors: PETER B. HAGOPIAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

1. The Briggs Law is a state law of Massachusetts, providing for automatic examination of those who are accused of a serious crime or repeated crimes. 2. Since its first effective operation in 1921, there have been 14,570 cases reported for examination. 3. Opinions expressed in 6,591 cases have been studied, investigated, and tabulated; 19% showed some mental abnormality. 4. Incidence of mental abnormality is greater in the criminal population than in the general population. 5. General comments relative to the operation of the law are made.
1359 FIRST SVR DATA WITH THE NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE POLYMERASE INHIBITOR MERICITABINE (RG7128) COMBINED WITH PEGINTERFERON/RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE HCV G1/4 PATIENTS: INTERIM ANALYSIS FROM THE JUMP-C TRIAL
Authors: P. Pockros, D. Jensen, N. Tsai, R.M. Taylor, A. Ramji, C. Cooper, R. Dickson, A. Tice, S. Stande, D. Ipe, J.A. Thommes, J.M. Vierling
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
A "Polyoma" Virus Derived from a Mouse Leukaemia
Authors: G. Negroni, R. Dourmashkin, F. C. Chesterman
Journal: BMJ (1959)

MEDICALsH 1359 -~~~~~~~~~~~~MDCLJUNL__ abnormal kidneys were still present.The blood-pressure fell progressively after the transplant, and subsequent removal of the two abnormal kidneys led to no further fall in blood-pressure.It is difficult to visualize that this transplanted kidney was destroying a circulating vasoconstrictor, and it certainly was capable of restoring the excretory situation in the recipient to normal.However, Hume (1958) has reported a case with a similar transplant in which the blood-pressure did not fall until the two abnormal kidneys were removed.This suggests most strongly that we have to expect a wide variety of situations, different from patient to patient, as an explanation for the prevailing level of blood-pressure, and in man no full analysis has been given of any one situation.
Adjuvant psychological therapy for patients with cancer: a prospective randomised trial.
Authors: S. Greer, S. Moorey, J. D. Baruch, M. Watson, B. M. Robertson, A. Mason, L. Rowden, M. G. Law, J. M. Bliss
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Butyrylcholinesterase purified from human plasma and acetylcholinesterase purified from human red blood cells were used to immunize separate groups of BALB/c mice. A solid-phase immunoadsorbance assay was developed to screen and characterize antibodies specific for the cholinesterases. Immunized spleen cells were fused with a non-immunoglobulin-secreting myeloma cell line (FO). After two subcultures at limiting dilution, several clones secreting antibodies to acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase were obtained. Selected clones were expanded as ascites tumors in immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. All tested immunoglobulins consisted of kappa light chains and either G1 or G2b heavy chains. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis confirmed the monoclonal nature of each isolated antibody. None of the antibodies to acetylcholinesterase cross-reacted with butyrylcholinesterase, and vice versa. All tested antibodies exhibited high avidity for human enzyme, independent of the tissue source (apparent dissociation constants: 1-3 nM for acetylcholinesterase antibodies; 2-13 nM for butyrylcholinesterase antibodies). Treatment of enzymes with monoclonal antibodies increased the sedimentation coefficients (from 6.5 S to 12 S for acetylcholinesterase, from 11 S to 18 S or 20 S for butyrylcholinesterase). All of the monoclonal antibodies displayed marked species specificity. Several antibodies reacted only with human enzyme; others reacted with enzyme from nonhuman primates as well. A few of the butyrylcholinesterase antibodies cross-reacted weakly with enzyme from dog, cat, and horse, but none reacted with the enzyme from rat, guinea pig, and chicken. One acetylcholinesterase antibody cross-reacted with acetylcholinesterase of rabbit and guinea pig. The avidity, species selectivity, and other properties of these antibody reagents will be useful in future studies on the regulation and disposition of cholinesterases.
Predictive Value of Magnification Chromoendoscopy for Diagnosing Invasive Neoplasia in Nonpolypoid Colorectal Lesions and Stratifying Patients for Endoscopic Resection or Surgery
Authors: M. Bianco, G. Rotondano, R. Marmo, M. Garofano, R. Piscopo, A. de Gregorio, L. Baron, L. Orsini, L. Cipolletta
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

In nonpolypoid colorectal lesions, the presence of irregular, distorted glands in the colon (a disrupted crypt pattern) on magnification chromoendoscopy (MCE) is strongly associated with submucosal invasive cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of MCE to differentiate between an invasive crypt pattern and a noninvasive crypt pattern, including nonneoplastic lesions, and to assess the ability of this MCE classification to predict invasiveness and allow patients to be selected for endoscopic resection or surgical resection.In a prospective study including 1560 colonoscopies, 153 flat or depressed colorectal lesions were evaluated with MCE among 534 colorectal lesions; the remainder had a polypoid appearance. The pit pattern was classified as nonneoplastic (type II) or neoplastic (types III - V), and the latter was subdivided into noninvasive (types III or IV) or submucosally invasive (type V). Lesions with a nonneoplastic and noninvasive neoplastic appearance were resected endoscopically if technically feasible, whereas those with a type V pattern were resected surgically. The resection specimens were analyzed histologically in relation to the Vienna classification.Using this management strategy based on the pit pattern, 86 % (n = 70) of the type II lesions were hyperplastic; the remaining 11 had low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Type III and IV lesions (n = 58) represented either low-grade or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in 95 % of the cases. Three patients had sm1 (n = 2) or sm2/3 invasive cancers. Among the patients with type V lesions (n = 14), 11 had invasive cancers (four sm1 and seven sm2/3). Endoscopic differentiation based on the pit pattern thus had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86 % and a negative predictive value of 96 % for distinguishing between nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. The pit pattern criteria for distinguishing between invasive and noninvasive neoplasia (including nonneoplastic lesions), and hence the choice between endoscopic and surgical resection, had a PPV of 79 % and a NPV of 98 %. Excluding nonneoplastic lesions, the NPV would be 95 %.The endoscopic pit pattern on MCE has only a moderate predictive value for nonneoplastic lesions, so that leaving these flat hyperplastic lesions in place on the basis of the endoscopic magnification appearance alone cannot be generally recommended. However, MCE has a good predictive value for guiding management toward either endoscopic resection (if technically feasible) or surgical resection.
Lecithin/chitosan controlled release nanopreparations of tamoxifen citrate: Loading, enzyme-trigger release and cell uptake
Authors: Stefano Barbieri, Fabio Sonvico, Caterina Como, Gaia Colombo, Franca Zani, Francesca Buttini, Ruggero Bettini, Alessandra Rossi, Paolo Colombo
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Lung capillary albumin leak in oxygen toxicity. A quantitative immunocytochemical study.
Authors: K L Weir, E N O'Gorman, J A Ross, D J Godden, A D McKinnon, P W Johnston
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The study is based on the hypothesis that lung endothelial cell permeability increases in 100% oxygen and predates the appearance of microscopically visible interstitial edema. Rats were exposed to either 100% oxygen or air in a chamber. Endogenous albumin was used as an index of permeability and measured by electron microscopic colloidal gold linked immunocytochemistry, quantified by systematic random methods. Albumin staining was expressed as relative albumin concentration (RAC), the ratio of gold particles (x 100) per point counted (gp.10(2)/pt) relating to each component. The RAC in lung perivascular/peribronchial interstitial ground substance after 24 h of hyperoxia was five times more than that of rats exposed to air for the same interval. The median value (interquartile ranges) for the oxygen-exposed group was 92.4 (39.5, 149.6) gp. 10(2)/pt compared with 14.7 (6.6, 25.9) gp. 10(2)/pt for the air-exposed group. After 60 h of 100% oxygen, the RAC was 103.4 (65.5, 148.9) gp. 10(2)/pt (60-h air exposed RAC was 11.6 (8.7, 60.4) gp. 10(2)/pt), no different from 24-h exposures. These results suggest that there was a significant leak of albumin to the perivascular/peribronchial interstitium by 24 h of exposure to 100% oxygen, which would indicate endothelial cell permeability to albumin increases earlier than has previously been reported.
Steatorrhea in Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: FRED B. THOMAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Detailed studies of intestinal absorptive function were done in 10 untreated hyperthyroid patients to elucidate the mechanisms causing thyrotoxic steatorrhea. Serum calcium, serum iron, prothrombin time, jejunal biopsies, cultures of intraluminal contents, and secretin tests were normal in all patients. Vitamin B12 and D-xylose absorption were normal in 9 of 10 patients. All patients showed rapid intestinal transit. Lactose intolerance, initially present in two patients, disappeared after 131I therapy for thyrotoxicosis. On an ad libitum diet there was gross steatorrhea in six patients. The coefficient of fat absorption was only slightly abnormal in five, showing excessive dietary fat ingestion in these patients (mean fat intake, 248 g/24 hr). In two patients propranolol significantly prolonged intestinal transit time and reduced steatorrhea by 48% and 50%, respectively. The data suggest that steatorrhea in hyperthyroidism is probably caused by the combined effects of excessive dietary fat intake and intestinal hypermotility.
Report shows wide variation in intrapartum care in England
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Some English maternity units have double the instrumental delivery rate of others, says a new report that shows widely varying practices and outcomes among units.

The report, from the Royal College of Obstetrics and Obstetricians, concludes that the wide variation in intrapartum care is more than would be expected from random fluctuation.1 The college says that this is a cause of concern as it indicates that not all women are getting the best possible care. The report is the first of what will be an annual survey that will eventually cover the whole of the United Kingdom.

The college, in collaboration with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, …
Polymorphisms in melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 link protein function to clearance of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Franziska S. Hoffmann, Andreas Schmidt, Meike Dittmann Chevillotte, Christian Wisskirchen, Johannes Hellmuth, Simone Willms, Rachel H. Gilmore, Jürgen Glas, Matthias Folwaczny, Tobias Müller, Thomas Berg, Ulrich Spengler, Karen Fitzmaurice, Dermot Kelleher, Nicole Reisch, Charles M. Rice, Stefan Endres, Simon Rothenfusser
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Among patients newly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), only 20‐30% clear the infection spontaneously. In the remaining 70% the infection persists, causing chronic liver inflammation and disease. It is well established that polymorphisms in host genes, especially in components of the innate immune response, contribute to the phenomenon of spontaneous HCV clearance. Retinoic acid inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I)‐like helicases such as melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5 (MDA‐5) are cytoplasmic sensors of viral RNA that are critical for triggering innate immune responses after infection with RNA viruses. We analyzed 14 nonsynonymous single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in RIG‐I‐like helicase‐pathway‐genes comparing European patients who spontaneously cleared HCV (n = 285) or had persistent infection (n = 509). We found that polymorphic haplotypes in the MDA‐5 gene IFIH1 encoding histidine at position 843 and threonine at position 946 strongly correlate with the resolution of HCV infection (odds ratio [OR]: 16.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.67‐71.87; P = 1.1 × 10 −6 ). Overexpression of MDA‐5 genetic variants in HEK 293 cells and in a tissue culture model of HCV infection revealed that the histidine 843/threonine 946 variant leads to increased baseline and ligand‐induced expression of interferon‐induced genes and confers an increased ability to suppress HCV replication. Conclusion : These data suggest that MDA‐5 plays a significant role in the defense against HCV and that polymorphisms in MDA‐5 can influence the outcome of HCV infection. (H epatology 2015;61:460‐470)
Case of Exhaustion without an Apparent Sufficient Cause
Authors: J. Toogood
Journal: BMJ (1842)

WOUND OF BOTH LUNGS. 525 camphor mixture, which did not produce the desired effect; the dose was repeated about two hours after- wards, and in a short time she fell into a comfortable sleep, and awoke -perfectly calm and composed.From this time there was not a single unfavourable symptom, the pulse never exceeding 90, and seldom so quick, and little or no fever.The bowels were regulated by gentle aperients; the diet for the first fortnight con- sisted of gruel and chicken broth; she was then
Clinical trials update: highlights of the scientific sessions of The American College of Cardiology 2002: LIFE, DANAMI 2, MADIT‐2, MIRACLE‐ICD, OVERTURE, OCTAVE, ENABLE 1 &amp; 2, CHRISTMAS, AFFIRM, RACE, WIZARD, AZACS, REMATCH, BNP trial and HARDBALL
Authors: Alison Coletta, Simon Thackray, Nikolay Nikitin, John G.F. Cleland
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2002)
Forearm haemodynamics and blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients
Authors: W. A LITTLER, T. J STALLARD, D. B ROWLANDS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

Ambulatory blood pressure variability and forearm haemodynamics were measured in 23 untreated hypertensive patients with a mean casual blood pressure of 162/102(11/9) mmHg (without target organ damage). There was a good inverse correlation between blood pressure variability and the ability of the forearm resistance vessels to dilate after a period of venous occlusion. Previous work has shown that this vasodilatory component of the response to forearm venous occlusion is significantly reduced in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls and is probably an indicator of the compliance properties of these vessels. The present results suggest that blood pressure variability is greater when resistance vessels are stiffer and emphasise the need to account for this vascular factor in studies of blood pressure behaviour.
New impella intracardiac minipump supports the acutely failing left heart significantly more effective than intraortic balloon pumping
Authors: Koen Reesink, Andre Dekker, Theo van der Nagel, Erik van der Veen, Vincent van Ommen, Yuri Ganushak, Gijs Geskes, Cecile Soemers, Jos Maessen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
An Antibiotic-Responsive Mouse Model of Fulminant Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Silvia S Kang, Seth M Bloom, Lyse A Norian, Michael J Geske, Richard A Flavell, Thaddeus S Stappenbeck, Paul M Allen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background The constellation of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which both display a wide spectrum in the severity of pathology. One theory is that multiple genetic hits to the host immune system may contribute to the susceptibility and severity of IBD. However, experimental proof of this concept is still lacking. Several genetic mouse models that each recapitulate some aspects of human IBD have utilized a single gene defect to induce colitis. However, none have produced pathology clearly distinguishable as either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, in part because none of them reproduce the most severe forms of disease that are observed in human patients. This lack of severe IBD models has posed a challenge for research into pathogenic mechanisms and development of new treatments. We hypothesized that multiple genetic hits to the regulatory machinery that normally inhibits immune activation in the intestine would generate more severe, reproducible pathology that would mimic either ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Methods and Findings We generated a novel mouse line (dnKO) that possessed defects in both TGFβRII and IL-10R2 signaling. These mice rapidly and reproducibly developed a disease resembling fulminant human ulcerative colitis that was quite distinct from the much longer and more variable course of pathology observed previously in mice possessing only single defects. Pathogenesis was driven by uncontrolled production of proinflammatory cytokines resulting in large part from T cell activation. The disease process could be significantly ameliorated by administration of antibodies against IFNγ and TNFα and was completely inhibited by a combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Conclusions Here, we develop to our knowledge the first mouse model of fulminant ulcerative colitis by combining multiple genetic hits in immune regulation and demonstrate that the resulting disease is sensitive to both anticytokine therapy and broad-spectrum antibiotics. These findings indicated the IL-10 and TGFβ pathways synergize to inhibit microbially induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ and TNFα, which are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of human ulcerative colitis. Our findings also provide evidence that broad-spectrum antibiotics may have an application in the treatment of patients with ulcerative colitis. This model system will be useful in the future to explore the microbial factors that induce immune activation and characterize how these interactions produce disease.
Compressibility of the Arterial Wall
Authors: THOMAS E. CAREW, RAMESH N. VAISHNAV, DALI J. PATEL
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The assumption of incompressibility has often been applied to the analysis of arterial-wall elasticity; however, the supporting evidence has been incomplete. The present study was designed to explore this problem in greater depth by accurately measuring the changes in tissue volume associated with large, induced strains on 11 thoracic aorta segments excised from dogs. The radial, circumferential, and longitudinal stresses were measured as the artery was subjected to an internal pressure and longitudinal stretch greater than those in vivo. From these data it was possible to calculate the hydrostatic stress. The associated changes in volume of the aortic wall tissue were measured with a specially designed apparatus. The greatest volumetric strain (ΔV/V) was 0.00165. The bulk moduli obtained by dividing the hydrostatic stresses by the corresponding volume strains averaged 4.44 x 10 6 g/cm 2 . Similar studies were also carried out on the abdominal aorta and the carotid, iliac, and pulmonary arteries. The volumetric strains observed were of the same magnitude. It is concluded that for most practical purposes arteries may be considered incompressible.
Method to Test Whether Late Extended Letrozole, Rather Than Self- Selection, Improves the Outcome in Patients With Breast Cancer Who Have Completed 5 Years of Tamoxifen
Authors: Jayant S. Vaidya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

TO THE EDITOR: Using an analysis of just one arm of the MA-17 trial, Goss et al conclude in the title of their article that late extended letrozole improves outcome in women in early-stage breast cancer who complete 5 years of tamoxifen. However, the presented data cannot justify the title or the conclusion. It is well recognized that women from a better socioeconomic background, those who choose to have earlier investigations and prompt treatment—the healthy women—fare better than others. This major unexplained confounding factor cannot be completely compensated by any of the means, statistical or otherwise, employed by the authors and could contribute significantly toward the difference in the outcomes of those who chose to switch from placebo to letrozole and those who chose not to switch. A simple study that could test whether this difference is because of self-selection. Just ask all the women who were in the other arm—the letrozole arm of the study— to first imagine that they were receiving the placebo in the original random assignment. Then, ask them the exact question that was posed to the women in the placebo arm, including the exact information sheet about the benefit of letrozole, asking them whether they would want to switch or not. Then, compare the outcome of those women who would have wanted to switch with those who would not or could not decide (as the latter would have just maintained status quo and remained on the placebo). If there is no difference in the outcome of these two groups, then we could take the conclusions of the latest article more seriously. If there is a difference, then the benefit of extended letrozole could be estimated from the comparison of the differences in each arm. The principle is explained in Figure 1.
Abstract 4679: Integrin and FAK signaling regulate ARHI-induced autophagy
Authors: Zhen Lu, Warren S. Liao, Grace K. Suh, Robert C. Bast
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Autophagy selectively degrades cellular proteins, protein aggregates and organelles, providing energy in a nutrient deprived environment. We have reported that re-expression of ARHI, a maternally imprinted Ras-related tumor suppressor gene that is down regulated in more than 60% of ovarian cancers, induces autophagy. Persistence for ARHI-induced autophagy for several days is lethal for ovarian cancer cells in culture. In xenografts, however, ARHI-induced autophagy does not kill ovarian cancer cells, but rather is required to maintain a dormant state in the absence of a vascular supply. When ARHI is downregulated in vivo, previously dormant xenografts grow promptly and outgrowth of cancers is inhibited by treatment of dormant cancer cells with chloroquine. Growth factors (IGF-1, IL-8, VEGF) and ECM components (fibronectin) in the cancer microenvironment can rescue ovarian cancer cells from ARHI-induced autophagic death in cell culture. Rescue was associated with partial reversal of ARHI-mediated inhibition of PI3K signaling and AKT and mTOR activity. Consequently, we have hypothesized that both autophagy and survival factors (IGF-1, fibronectin) are required to maintain dormancy, where autophagy provides energy for avascular xenografts and survival factors prevent autophagic death by partially reversing inhibition of PI3K signaling. Here, we show that re-expression of ARHI in SKOv3 ovarian cancer cells inhibited integrin β1 expression and decreased FAK activation, stimulated by fibronectin and growth factors (IGF-1). Consistent with the importance of ECM, addition of fibronectin, a receptor for αvβ1 integrin, induced FAK activity and diminished ARHI-induced autophagy; whereas addition of neutralizing antibody against integrin β1 decreased FAK and Akt activities, enhancing autophagy. Autophagy induced by ARHI is dramatically reduced in cells that overexpress FAK and knockdown of FAK by RNA interference enhances ARHI-induced autophagy in ovarian cancer cells cultured on fibronectin. Our results suggest that the ECM and growth factors in the tumor microenvironment function to coordinate the activities of integrin β1, FAK and Akt to regulate ARHI-mediated autophagy, contributing to the survival of dormant ovarian cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4679.