tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Syncopal Episodes
Authors: Emil Sfedu
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was interested in the recent discussion of recurrent syncopal episodes by Drs Cutler and Alter<sup>1</sup>and would like to add the following comment. Syncope is a common occurrence, especially in the elderly patient; the cause does not have to be a single pathological process, but it may be the result of an otherwise physiological stress (cough or Valsalva's maneuver) superimposed on age- or disease-related physiological changes. As an extension of Dr Cutler's approach, it should be remembered that aortic stenosis, sclerosis, and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis are present in many elderly patients. Physical findings may be subtle and an echocardiogram may be very helpful. Regarding electrophysiological studies, the diagnostic yield is disappointingly low (11.8% )<sup>2</sup>and electrophysiological studies tend to be helpful only in the case of inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia and not in atrial arrythmias or in measuring conduction intervals. Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring is also
Letter: Alcoholism and the G.P.
Authors: B D Hore
Journal: BMJ (1973)

reference care of worried and "difficult" patients and the handling of particular problems such as the social and psychological management of terminal cases, we need the services of trained social workers whose jdb is primarily personal contact with the patient.We should value the essential and excellent help that they can give in overall patient care when encouraged in this func- tion by members of the medical profession who do not find their presence threatening.-We are, etc.,
Abstract 3562: Characterization of a novel small molecule inhibitor with potent anticancer activity
Authors: Gina Chun, Young Bok Lee, Deog Joong Kim, Won-Jea Cho, Sang Kook Lee, Hwa-Jin Chung, Chang-Ho Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A series of isoquinolineamine small molecule derivatives were synthesized and screened as potential anticancer agents. Among them, we identified one isoquinolineamine analogue with potential anticancer activity. This compound inhibited the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells derived from many human solid tumors with IC50 values ranging from 14 nM to 71 nM. The compound also was more effective against gemcitabine and cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines when compared to the original cytotoxic cancer drugs. In mice bearing tumor xenografts, treatment with the compound significantly inhibited the growth of tumors, enhanced tumor regression, and also prevented the growth of tumors in a paclitaxel-resistant xenograft model. This compound is well tolerated and had no effects on body weight compared to control animals. Mechanistic studies showed that cancer cells treated with this compound resulted in the elevation of cytochrome c in the cytosol, the decrease of Bcl-2 and the activation of Caspase 9. Further studies showed inhibition of the expression of several signaling molecules important for cell proliferation (p-Erk, p-p38 and p-Akt) and also decreased protein levels of p-GSK3α/β and β-catenin. Therefore, our result suggests that this compound could be a promising antitumor agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3562.
Simultaneous determination of six steroidal saponins and one ecdysone in Asparagus filicinus using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Libo Zhou, Zhihong Cheng, Daofeng Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC–ELSD) has been developed to evaluate the quality of Asparagus filicinus through a simultaneous determination of six steroidal saponins and one ecdysone, including aspafiliosides A, B, C, E, G, filiasparoside A and 20-hydroxyecdysone. With a C18 analytical column, the seven analytes were separated efficiently using acetonitrile–water as the mobile phase in a gradient program. The method limits of detection ranged 0.125–0.225 μg, and the method limits of quantitation ranged 0.408–0.720 μg, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the method were evaluated and were all less than 3%. All the recoveries for the spiked analytes ranged 95.16%–100.61%. The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the seven components in thirteen samples from different localities in China.
Protective Gene for Malaria?
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4354: Proteomic analysis of acute radiation response following whole brain irradiation: Is Sirt2 a key player of radiation-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Sudhanshu Shukla, Uma Shankavaram, DeeDee Smart
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Radiation therapy (RT) is one of the most effective and widely used treatments of both primary and metastatic intracranial tumors. Recent technical advances in RT and multimodality approach to treatment have increased the life span of patients. However, a major concern remains as to radiation's effect on long term neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. Acute and sub acute effects of RT following whole brain RT appear to be reversible, but we hypothesize that these acute changes provide a platform for alteration of the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment that is responsible for delayed irreversible neurotoxicity. To improve the quality of life of patients and to improve efficacy of whole brain RT, we require effective and targeted approaches to minimize cognitive dysfunction. In order to understand the acute molecular events involved after RT and to identify potential markers that lead to long-term neurotoxicity and dementia, we performed quantitative mass spectroscopy using the iTRAQ (isobaric tag of relative and absolute quantitation) technique on C57 Bl/6 mouse brain tissue extract 72 hours following whole brain RT versus sham-irradiated controls. We found significant changes up- and down-regulation of critical proteins in multiple canonical pathways to be affected, but interestingly some of the most significant changes were in proteins vital to Huntington and Parkinson's signaling pathways. Additionally, we explored the role of Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), a Class III histone deacetylase which is abundant in CNS and has been shown to mediate oxidative stress response in animal models of neurodegeneration which produce dementia, within the context of whole brain RT. Our aim was to investigate if Sirt2 might be a potential target to mitigate neurotoxic effects induced by RT. Our proteomic analysis of the brain tissue extracts of Sirt2 genomic knockout mice shows that the absence of Sirt2 affects several metabolic and signaling pathways including Huntington, Parkinson's, as well as mitochondrial-mediated signaling. Several factors were found to be uniquely and differentially expressed in Sirt2 knockout tissues under radiation condition. This study indicates that Sirt2 might be a key player in radio sensitization of the CNS and a potential clinical target for minimizing radiation-induced neurocognitive dysfunction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4354. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4354
Adipokines Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Gloria Y.F. Ho, Tao Wang, Marc J. Gunter, Howard D. Strickler, Mary Cushman, Robert C. Kaplan, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Xiaonan Xue, Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Mara Z. Vitolins, Philipp E. Scherer, Thomas E. Rohan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Mechanistic associations between obesity and colorectal cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether adipokines are risk factors for colorectal cancer and whether they may mediate its association with obesity. In a case-cohort study nested within the Women's Health Initiative cohort of postmenopausal women, baseline plasma samples from 457 colorectal cancer cases and 841 subcohort subjects were assayed for seven adipokines-adiponectin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α. Serum insulin and estradiol values measured previously were also available for data analysis. After adjusting for age, race, smoking, colonoscopy history, and estrogen level, a low level of anti-inflammatory adiponectin and high levels of proinflammatory leptin, PAI-1, and IL-6 were associated with increased colorectal cancer risk, though only leptin remained significant after further adjustment for insulin [HRs comparing extreme quartiles (HR(Q4-Q1)), 1.84; 95% CI, 1.17-2.90]. Mediation analyses showed that leptin and insulin partially explained the association between waist circumference and colorectal cancer and attenuated it by 25% and 37%, respectively, with insulin being a significant mediator (P = 0.041). Our findings support the conclusion that adipokines involved in inflammation are associated with colorectal cancer risk, but that their effects may be mediated mostly by insulin, with leptin exerting an independent effect. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia may therefore partially explain the adiposity association with colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.
Letter: HL-A antigens and immune deficiency states.
Authors: J Hors, C Griscelli, M Schmid, J Dausset
Journal: BMJ (1974)

45scores.The difference in the frequency of low Apg-ar scores between the two groups was not significant (X2 = 0 71; P < 0 50), nor was there any clear association in this series between low Apgar scores and the mode of delivery.Though it is appreciated that a compaTrison may not be made between in- duced and spontaneous labouLrs, it is note- worthy that in a similar series of 533 spontaneous labours studied prospectively 36 (7%,h) of the neonates had low Apgar scores, a freauency which does not differ significantly from that following induced labour.While I do not claim that oxytocin is innocuous, there seems no reason to believe on present evidence that in tihe absence of hyperton,us its use increases the risk of fetal hypoxia.
Access to emergency care in Palestinian West Bank: Interpretation of results is flawed
Authors: Elihu D Richter, Rony Blum, Avraham Rivkind
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The study reported by Rytter et al attributes a risk for added admissions to hospital to delays from checkpoints, detours, and curfews imposed by the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) during January 2005—described as “a relatively calm period in the West Bank.”1 However, a review of their data raises some questions about the internal consistency and coherence of the findings and their interpretation. Of all 2228 contacts, 394 (17.7%) were delayed, and of these, 125 (32%) required admission to hospital, resulting in an overall …
Health risks emerge as ceasefire allows some humanitarian relief
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Aid agencies in Lebanon have sprung into action after the establishment of a fragile ceasefire that had, as the BMJ went to press, lasted 36 hours. Roads to the south of the country, almost deserted a few days ago, became huge traffic jams as hundreds of thousands of displaced residents sought to negotiate their way past bomb craters to reach their homes, along with aid convoys heading south. Meanwhile hundreds of thousands of Israelis from northern towns emerged from their shelters, defying government advice to remain inside.

“Thanks to the ceasefire, there are no more isolated, cutoff regions,” said UN humanitarian coordinator David Shearer.

Dr Nejib Nimah, Unicef's assistant health officer in …
Rising CO <sub>2</sub> , Climate Change, and Public Health: Exploring the Links to Plant Biology
Authors: Lewis H. Ziska, Paul R. Epstein, William H. Schlesinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Although the issue of anthropogenic climate forcing and public health is widely recognized, one fundamental aspect has remained underappreciated: the impact of climatic change on plant biology and the well-being of human systems.
GP commissioners show how they are focusing on patients' needs
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors and other health and social care professionals in southwest England have integrated patients’ health and social care information in one record that can be accessed by authorised personnel to save patients the trouble of repeating their stories every time they come into contact with a new person delivering their care.

The scheme by three clinical commissioning groups (CCGs)—Bristol, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire—to integrate patients’ records is just one of 20 examples of how CCGs are working with partners from social care and the voluntary and private sectors described in a new report highlighting the progress that CCGs have made to put patients at the core of their work since they were established 18 months ago.1

Andy Kinnear, director of informatics and business intelligence at South West Commissioning Support Unit, said in the report, “In our …
Infectious Diseases: A Modern Treatise of Infectious Processes
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In the decade since Hoeprich assembled the expertise of almost 100 collaborators to produce the first major textbook of infectious diseases, much has happened: new antimicrobial agents with ever-widening spectra of activity; newly recognized diseases such as toxic shock syndrome, legionellosis, and campylobacteriosis; use of a novel vaccine to prevent hepatitis B; and revolutionary imaging techniques for diagnosis of abscesses. Little wonder that a second, and now a third, edition of Hoeprich's book have been welcomed! In contrast with the reception usually accorded Hollywood film sequels, to which movie critics usually turn thumbs down, successive editions of medical textbooks offer readers an improved learning resource. Although Hoeprich's first edition was an earnest attempt to synthesize a great body of information for young physicians, the book failed to probe deeply enough to justify its purchase. The problem was remedied with a much-improved second edition five years later. Hoeprich's third edition should
Malignant pleural disease. A radiotherapeutic approach to the problem
Authors: S. J. Strober
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The effectiveness of external beam irradiation was evaluated in the control of nonlymphomatous malignant pleural disease, especially recurrent pleural effusion. Seventeen patients were treated by the 4-cm moving-strip technique. Fourteen had proven lung cancer and three had metastatic breast cancer. The data from 14 patients were analyzed. Ten patients demonstrated no reaccumulation or significant decrease in reaccumulation of pleural effusion. One patient had dramatic pain relief and disappearance of pleural lesions. These 11 patients were considered treatment successes. Three patients required more extensive treatment following radiotherapy and were considered treatment failures. These preliminary results show a control rate of approximately 80% and suggest that this technique offers a simple, safe, and effective means for controlling malignant pleural disease.
Liver receptor homolog‐1 is critical for adequate up‐regulation of <i>Cyp7a1</i> gene transcription and bile salt synthesis during bile salt sequestration
Authors: Carolien Out, Jurre Hageman, Vincent W. Bloks, Han Gerrits, Maarten D. Sollewijn Gelpke, Trijnie Bos, Rick Havinga, Martin J. Smit, Folkert Kuipers, Albert K. Groen
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) is a nuclear receptor that controls a variety of metabolic pathways. In cultured cells, LRH-1 induces the expression of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, key enzymes in bile salt synthesis. However, hepatic Cyp7a1 mRNA levels were not reduced upon hepatocyte-specific Lrh-1 deletion in mice. The reason for this apparent paradox has remained elusive. We describe a novel conditional whole-body Lrh-1 knockdown (LRH-1-KD) mouse model to evaluate the dependency of bile salt synthesis and composition on LRH-1. Surprisingly, Cyp7a1 expression was increased rather than decreased under chow-fed conditions in LRH-1-KD mice. This coincided with a significant reduction in expression of intestinal Fgf15, a suppressor of Cyp7a1 expression, and a 58% increase in bile salt synthesis. However, when fecal bile salt loss was stimulated by feeding the bile salt sequestrant colesevelam, Cyp7a1 expression was up-regulated in wildtype mice but not in LRH-1-KD mice (+593% in wildtype versus +9% in LRH-1-KD). This translated into an increase in bile salt synthesis of +272% in wildtype versus +21% in LRH-1-KD mice. Conclusion: Our data provide mechanistic insight into a missing link in the maintenance of bile salt homeostasis during enhanced fecal loss and support the view that LRH-1 controls Cyp7a1 expression from two distinct sites, i.e., liver and ileum, in the enterohepatic circulation. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Gastrin-releasing peptide in human nasal mucosa.
Authors: J N Baraniuk, J D Lundgren, J Goff, D Peden, M Merida, J Shelhamer, M Kaliner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), the 27 amino acid mammalian form of bombesin, was studied in human inferior turbinate nasal mucosa. The GRP content of the mucosa measured by radioimmunoassay was 0.60 +/- 0.25 pmol/g tissue (n = 9 patients; mean +/- SEM). GRP-immunoreactive nerves detected by the immunogold method of indirect immunohistochemistry were found predominantly in small muscular arteries, arterioles, venous sinusoids, and between submucosal gland acini. 125I-GRP binding sites determined by autoradiography were exclusively and specifically localized to nasal epithelium and submucosal glands. There was no binding to vessels. The effects of GRP on submucosal gland product release were studied in short-term explant culture. GRP (10 microM) significantly stimulated the release of the serous cell-specific product lactoferrin, and [3H]glucosamine-labeled glycoconjugates which are products of epithelial goblet cells and submucosal gland cells. These observations indicate that GRP released from nerve fibers probably acts on glandular GRP receptors to induce glycoconjugate release from submucosal glands and epithelium and lactoferrin release from serous cells, but that GRP would probably not affect vascular permeability.
Colonic wall thickness measured by ultrasound: striking differences in patients with cystic fibrosis versus healthy controls.
Authors: H P Haber, N Benda, G Fitzke, A Lang, M Langenberg, J Riethmuller, M Stern
Journal: Gut (1997)

Colonic strictures represent an advanced stage of fibrosing colonopathy in patients with cystic fibrosis.To clarify whether ultrasonography can identify patients with an early stage of fibrosing colonopathy and to determine clinical factors that influence bowel wall thickening.Ninety patients with cystic fibrosis, median age 10 years, and 46 healthy controls, median age 13 years, were investigated.Bowel wall thickness was measured by ultrasound in a prospective study.In cystic fibrosis, wall thickness of both small intestine and colon was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than in controls; 81% of patients with cystic fibrosis had a maximum colon wall thickness at any site of 2 mm or more, a value that was never reached by controls. The maximum colon wall thickness was 6.5 mm. Bowel wall thickness was unchanged at re-examination after one year. There was no progression even with high dose pancreatic supplements. There was no association between bowel wall thickness and clinical features such as previous meconium ileus, intestinal resection, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, abdominal pain, or pancreatic enzyme dose.There is genuine intestinal involvement in cystic fibrosis; in a few cases this could lead to fibrosing colonopathy.
Percutaneous Choledochoscopic Treatment of Intrahepatic Stones,Including Management of Associated BiliaryStenoses
Authors: None Maetani, None Ishiguro, None Ogawa, None Sato, None Igarashi, None Sakai
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Percutaneous choledochoscopy was introduced as a method of removing intrahepatic stones in 1981 [1]. Percutaneous lithotomy using percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) has become one of the most important nonsurgical forms of treatment for hepatolithiasis. Although some authors [2] [3] have reported that this procedure is effective and safe, biliary strictures associated with retained and recurrent stones have also been described. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the presence of strictures and the results of this form of treatment, such as the number of PTCS sessions required and the rate of stone recurrence. In addition, the efficacy, limitations, and risks of choledochoscopic lithotomy as a first-choice procedure were reviewed in an unselected series. A new approach to the management of biliary strictures associated with hepatolithiasis is also described here.