tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bicarbonate transport by rabbit cortical collecting tubules. Effect of acid and alkali loads in vivo on transport in vitro.
Authors: T D McKinney, M B Burg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Rabbit cortical collecting tubules were perfused in vitro to investigate the control of bicarbonate transport. Bicarbonate was measured by microcalorimetry as total CO2. The perfusate and bath were identical solutions containing 25 mM bicarbonate at pH 7.4. The mean pH of the urine in the bladders of untreated rabbits at the time they were killed was 7.4. Their individual tubules, studied in vitro, either absorbed or secreted bicarbonate, and, combining the results, there was on the average no significant net transport. When the rabbits were treated with NH4Cl the day before the experiment, their urine was acidic and their tubules studied in vitro absorbed bicarbonate (i.e., there was net lumen-to-bath transport). In contrast, when the rabbits were treated with NaHCO3, their urine was significantly more alkaline, and their tubules studied in vitro generally secreted bicarbonate (i.e., net bath-to-lumen transport). Thus, the direction of bicarbonate transport by cortical collecting tubules studied under standard conditions in vitro correlated with the urine pH and was determined by the preceding treatment of the animals in vivo with acidifying or alkalinizing salts. These results demonstrate a previously unrecognized mechanism which contributes to the control of urinary bicarbonate excretion.
Proceedings: Discography in assessment of lumbar disc disease.
Authors: J T Patton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

In 10 patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis indomethacin profiles and articular indices were determined before and after a period of one week's administration of probenecid (1 g daily).There were significant differences between the two indomethacin profile results, and the articular index fell significantly (P < 0 05) from a mean value of 17-6 (±SEM 2-8) before treatment to a mean value of 12-5 units (±SEM 11) after probenecid.Despite attaining very high plasma indomethacin concentrations after probenecid no patient complained of side effects.This effect of probenecid on indomethacin levels was noted in further studies after both oral and rectal administration.When frusemide was administered orally with indo- methacin the indomethacin profile was reduced.These results are preliminary and based on a small number of patients but do raise the question of the advisability of concurrent administration of diuretics and indomethacin.
Presence of cytoplasmic factors functional in peroxisomal protein import implicates organelle-associated defects in several human peroxisomal disorders.
Authors: M Wendland, S Subramani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Cells from patients with peroxisome-deficient disorders contain membrane ghosts devoid of most matrix contents instead of normal peroxisomes indicating that the underlying molecular defects impair the import of matrix proteins into these peroxisome ghosts. Genetic heterogeneity for the molecular defects was inferred from the assignment of patients with peroxisome-deficient disorders into nine complementation groups. The aim of our studies was to analyze cell lines from six different complementation groups in a systematic manner for the presence of peroxisome ghosts, the ability to import Ser-Lys-Leu-containing proteins into peroxisome ghosts and for the presence of cytosolic factors required for peroxisomal protein import. We show that each of the cell lines analyzed contains peroxisome ghosts, but is unable to import matrix proteins as judged by a peroxisomal import assay using permeabilized cells. The addition of wild type cytosol did not restore the capacity to import matrix proteins but cytosol prepared from these cell lines was functional in stimulation of peroxisomal protein import in a heterologous system. These results implicate organelle-associated molecular defects in each of the six cell lines analyzed.
Systematic review of involving patients in the planning and development of health care
Authors: M. J Crawford
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To describe contemporary characteristics and diagnoses in prehospital patients with chest pain and to identify factors suitable for the early recognition of high-risk and low-risk conditions. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective observational cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> Two centre study in a Swedish county emergency medical services (EMS) organisation. <h3>Participants</h3> Unselected inclusion of 2917 patients with chest pain contacting the EMS due to chest pain during 2018. <h3>Primary outcome measures</h3> Low-risk or high-risk condition, that is, occurrence of time-sensitive diagnosis on hospital discharge. <h3>Results</h3> Of included EMS missions, 68% concerned patients with a low-risk condition without medical need of acute hospital treatment in hindsight. Sixteen per cent concerned patients with a high-risk condition in need of rapid transport to hospital care. Numerous variables with significant association with low-risk or high-risk conditions were found. In total high-risk and low-risk prediction models shared six predictive variables of which ST-depression on ECG and age were most important. Previously known risk factors such as history of acute coronary syndrome, diabetes and hypertension had no predictive value in the multivariate analyses. Some aspects of the symptoms such as pain intensity, pain in the right arm and paleness did on the other hand appear to be helpful. The area under the curve (AUC) for prediction of low-risk candidates was 0.786 and for high-risk candidates 0.796. The addition of troponin in a subset increased the AUC to &gt;0.8 for both. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A majority of patients with chest pain cared for by the EMS suffer from a low-risk condition and have no prognostic reason for acute hospital care given their diagnosis on hospital discharge. A smaller proportion has a high-risk condition and is in need of prompt specialist care. Building models with good accuracy for prehospital identification of these groups is possible. The use of risk stratification models could make a more personalised care possible with increased patient safety.
The Physician and the Press
Authors: Martin S. Bander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Interpreting medical progress for the public is not without its hazards. Overeager scientists or excessively secretive ones and a press officer of either persuasion appreciably influence the way in which news of the research is first disseminated. Although the lay press will usually report on an interesting journal article whether or not the investigator co-operates, even the trained medical journalist will profit if he receives a balanced account of the new work, its advantages and its limitations. A news release, interviews, or a news conference timed to coincide with the journal article can impart the requisite data and discourage extrapolations. . . .
TERMINAL QRS DISTORTION IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF LARGE AREA AT RISK AND INFARCT SIZE IN PATIENTS WITH ANTERIOR STEMI
Authors: Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez, Maria Jose Valle-Caballero, Raquel Diaz-Munoz, Gonzalo Pizarro, Leticia Fernandez-Friera, Jose Manuel Garcia-Ruiz, Ana Garcia-Alvarez, Valentin Fuster, Juan Carlos Garcia-Rubira, Borja Ibanez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
AN ASSISTANCE TO THE STUDY OF TISSUES CONTAINING NERVES
Authors: Sydney M. Cone
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In my work at the Alder Hey Military Orthopaedic Hospital, Liverpool, the surgery of injuries to the peripheral nerves proved the most interesting and difficult in the service. Nerves partly torn, scraped or bruised, and some completely severed and lost in old scars have come into our hands for repair. I have had the use of the Thompson-Yates Laboratory, University of Liverpool, for the examinations in surgical pathology which were made of all the specimens from the large base orthopedic hospital controlled by Col. Sir Robert Jones. Prof. Ernest Glynn, Captain, R. A. M. C. T., has been very kind in placing at my disposal every facility for the prosecution of my studies. It will be three months before my final report will be in Col. Sir Robert Jones' hands; but I should like to make a few statements for the use of others working along these lines. They may
TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE IN THE TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS BY THE INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION OF INSOLUBLE MERCURIALS.
Authors: WILLIAM S. GOTTHEIL
Journal: JAMA (1907)

the drummers who patronized a nearby hotel.This lit- tle one's father (I made it a point to find out) is an able-bodied carpenter making good wages.He owns a suburban home and hires a cook, although his family is small and his wife is in perfect health.I have no apology to offer for citing these cases.To me they are of the greatest significance.They are only isolated in the positiveness of my knowledge that these parents in no way stand in need of the wages for which culin, for instance, went up like a rocket and has come
Glucocorticoid Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Homer A. Boushey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to a group of disorders characterized by a persistent reduction in the maximal rate of exhalation despite aggressive treatment. In the United States, COPD was ranked as the fifth leading cause of death in 1989, and mortality rates are increasing, especially among women.1 The conditions best recognized as causing COPD — chronic bronchitis and emphysema — most often result from cigarette smoking and are typically coincident. Asthma also causes COPD; severe, irreversible airflow obstruction is found in some patients with a long history of asthma and no other identifiable risk factors.2 Indeed, evidence that . . .
Huge chronic pericardial effusion caused by Toxoplasma gondii.
Authors: J Sagristá-Sauleda, G Permanyer-Miralda, C Juste-Sánchez, M L de Buen-Sánchez, R Pujadas-Capmany, L Arcalís-Arce, J Soler-Soler
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Two patients who had a huge pericardial effusion of at least 9 and 14 years' duration caused by cardiac toxoplasmosis are reported. Toxoplasma gondii were seen in the pericardial fluid, and serologic evidence also demonstrated the activity of the infection. These cases illustrate both the need to exclude toxoplasmosis in chronic pericardial effusion of unknown cause and the possibility of seeing toxoplasma in the pericardial fluid of patients with active toxoplasmic pericarditis. Moreover, in endemic areas, cardiac toxoplasmosis may not be an exceptional cause of chronic pericardial effusion.
Incidence and clinical significance of colonic cytomegalovirus infection in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease requiring colectomy.
Authors: I A Eyre-Brook, S Dundas
Journal: Gut (1986)

Evidence of cytomegalovirus infection has been sought in a consecutive series of patients requiring colonic resection for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease confined to the colon. Colonic tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy for cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies and cytomegalovirus antigen was sought using an immunoperoxidase technique. Cytomegalovirus infection was identified in three of 26 patients studied, but the infection did not appear to influence the course of the colitis. Although all three patients with cytomegalovirus infection needed urgent surgery, none had toxic megacolon. No evidence of cytomegalovirus infection was found in three other patients with toxic megacolon. One patient, who had a rising titre of IgG to cytomegalovirus received treatment with acyclovir which eradicated cytomegalovirus from the colon without altering the course of the colitis.
A Controlled Evaluation of the Risk of Bacterial Endocarditis in Persons with Mitral-Valve Prolapse
Authors: John D. Clemens, Ralph I. Horwitz, C. Carl Jaffe, Alvan R. Feinstein, Bonita F. Stanton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

The absence of controlled evidence and the high prevalence of mitral-valve prolapse have created substantial uncertainty about whether this condition is an important risk factor for bacterial endocarditis. We evaluated this risk in a case-control study of hospital inpatients who had undergone echocardiography and who lacked any known cardiovascular risk factors for endocarditis, apart from mitral-valve prolapse and isolated mitral-regurgitant murmurs. Thirteen (25 per cent) of 51 patients with endocarditis had mitral-valve prolapse, as compared with 10 (seven per cent) of the 153 matched controls without endocarditis. For the 51 matched case-control sets, the odds ratio (8.2; 95 per cent confidence interval, 2.4 to 28.4) indicated a substantially higher risk of endocarditis for people with mitral-valve prolapse than for those without it. This association remained statistically significant when parenteral drug abuse and routine antibiotic prophylaxis preceding dental work and other forms of instrumentation were taken into account. Furthermore, the risk may be higher than is indicated by this study, since 46 per cent of the controls underwent echocardiography for clinically suspected mitral-valve prolapse, suggesting an overrepresentation of mitral prolapse in the control group. The results support the contention that mitral-valve prolapse is a significant risk factor for bacterial endocarditis.
Assessing the consultation: method for measuring changes in patient stress and arousal.
Authors: M Pringle, S Robins, G Brown
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A method has been developed to assess anxiety levels in terms of stress and arousal in patients before and after a consultation with a general practitioner. The MACL self report mood scale has been used in hospital outpatient studies. An adaptation of the scale using 26 items of low vocabulary was applied to general practice patients in a novel way to show appreciable reductions in stress and increases in arousal after consultations. Since arousal is related to efficiency of performance and stress has been inversely related to recall of information given in the consultation factors that affect stress and arousal in patients could usefully be identified.
Surgical treatment of anal incontinence
Authors: J Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> Identification of an association between <i>IRF5</i> rs2004640 and systemic sclerosis (SSc) has highlighted a key role for type 1 interferon (IFN). Additional functional <i>IRF5</i> variants have been identified as autoimmune susceptibility factors. Our aim was to investigate whether <i>IRF5</i> haplotypes confer susceptibility to SSc, and to perform genotype haplotype-phenotype correlation analyses. <h3>Methods.</h3> We genotyped <i>IRF5</i> rs377385, rs2004640, and rs10954213 in 1623 individuals of French European Caucasian origin. SSc patient subphenotypes were analyzed according to cutaneous subsets and for SSc-related pulmonary fibrosis. <h3>Results.</h3> Case-control studies of single markers revealed an association between <i>IRF5</i> rs3757385, rs2004640, and rs10954213 variants and SSc. We identified an <i>IRF5</i> risk haplotype “R” (p<sub>adj</sub> = 0.024, OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07–1.40) and a mirrored protective haplotype “P” (p<sub>adj</sub> = 8.8 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.90) for SSc susceptibility. Genotype-phenotype correlation analyses failed to detect any association with a single marker. By contrast, phenotype-haplotype correlation analysis was able to detect intra-cohort association and to discriminate SSc patients with from those without the following clinical traits: “R” and/or “P” haplotypes identified diffuse cutaneous SSc (p = 0.0081) and fibrosing alveolitis (p = 0.018). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> <i>IRF5</i> haplotypes are more informative than single markers, suggesting that they could be helpful for risk stratification of SSc patients. Our study provides further evidence of a key role of <i>IRF5</i> in SSc severity.
LONG-TERM PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF MYOCARDIAL SALVAGE ASSESSED BY CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN ACUTE REPERFUSED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Ingo Eitel, Steffen Desch, Suzanne de Waha, Georg Fuernau, Matthias Gutberlet, Gerhard Schuler, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Letter Regarding Article by Sharkey et al, “Acute and Reversible Cardiomyopathy Provoked by Stress in Women From the United States”
Authors: Hassan Abdel-Aty, Rainer Dietz, Jeanette Schulz-Menger
Journal: Circulation (2005)

We read with interest the article by Sharkey et al 1 describing the clinical and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) features of the apical ballooning cardiomyopathy.We have a few concerns about the interpretation of the CMR findings in the article as well as in the related editorial. 2he authors suggest that the lack of mid-wall delayed enhancement in their series should exclude myocardial inflammation as a possible underlying mechanism explaining their findings.We have recently investigated the diagnostic performance of various CMR techniques to identify acute myocarditis 3 and found that delayed enhancement occurs in only 44% of these patients, whereas T 2 -weighted abnormalities reflecting myocardial edema and early global enhancement are noted in Ͼ80% of the cases.For this reason, we believe that the CMR approach of the authors does not allow exclusion of myocardial inflammation in those cases with certainty.The related editorial suggested that the lack of delayed enhancement excludes the presence of myocardial edema in these patients.We have shown in the same report 3 that global or focal myocardial edema is frequently observed in the absence of delayed enhancement.We have also previously shown that chronic myocardial scars exhibit delayed enhancement without myocardial edema. 4Furthermore, we recently investigated a female patient with "taku-tsubo" cardiomyopathy and found overt regional high T 2 signal intensity without any evidence of delayed enhancement.Accordingly, we believe that no firm conclusion could be drawn about the presence or absence of myocardial edema in these patients in the absence of T 2 -weighted imaging experiments.The editorial also suggested that "gadolinium-enhanced MRI . . .failed to detect regional T 2 enhancement which has been shown to detect myocardial inflammation and necrosis."We have 2 concerns about this statement: First, the enhancement effect of gadolinium is mainly caused by its effect on T 1 relaxation time.Second, the article cited to support the statement 5 did not include any T 2 -weighted imaging experiments.Despite these concerns, we congratulate the authors on their report, which provides many new insights into this rare and yet clinically relevant and novel cardiomyopathy.
Inquest opens into death of woman who was refused an abortion
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The first of two reports on the death of pregnant dentist Savita Halappanavar in Ireland in 2012 has found that there was an overemphasis by hospital staff on the welfare of Ms Halappanavar’s unviable fetus and an underemphasis on her deteriorating health.

The inquest into Ms Halappanavar’s death opens in Galway on 8 April and is scheduled to run for at least one week.

The final draft report says: “The investigating team considers there was an apparent overemphasis on the need not to intervene until the fetal heart stopped, together with an underemphasis …
Defective Lung Macrophages in Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: DAVID W. GOLDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Lung macrophages obtained by segmental lavage from three patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were studied in vitro. The macrophages exhibited morphologic abnormalities including excessive lipid accumulation and giant secondary lysosome formation. These cells survived poorly in tissue culture, showed impaired chemotactic activity, and had decreased adhesiveness to glass. They phagocytized normally but had substantially decreased capacity to kill ingested Candida pseudotropicalis. Evidence was obtained that the macrophage defect was acquired and probably related to ingestion of the proteinaceous alveolar fluid. Peripheral blood monocyte function was normal in one patient and morphologic abnormalities were produced in normal monocyte-derived macrophages cultured with proteinaceous lavage material. These studies suggest that the lung macrophage in alveolar proteinosis is a defective cell as a consequence of an abnormal pulmonary environment.
Mesangial cell proliferation mediated by PDGF and bFGF is determined by levels of the cyclin kinase inhibitor p27Kip1
Authors: Stuart J. Shankland, Jeffrey Pippin, Mike Flanagan, Steve R. Coats, Masaomi Nangaku, Katherine L. Gordon, James M. Roberts, William G. Couser, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Expression cloning of a rat hepatic reduced glutathione transporter with canalicular characteristics.
Authors: J R Yi, S Lu, J Fernandez-Checa, N Kaplowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Using the Xenopus oocyte expression system, we have previously identified an approximately 4-kb fraction of mRNA from rat liver that expresses sulfobromophthalein-glutathione (BSP-GSH)-insensitive reduced glutathione (GSH) transport (Fernandez-Checa, J., J. R. Yi, C. Garcia-Ruiz, Z. Knezic, S. Tahara, and N. Kaplowitz. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268:2324-2328). Starting with a cDNA library constructed from this fraction, we have now isolated a single clone that expresses GSH transporter activity. The cDNA for the rat canalicular GSH transporter (RcGshT) is 4.05 kb with an open reading frame of 2,505 nucleotides encoding for a polypeptide of 835 amino acids (95,785 daltons). No identifiable homologies were found in searching various databases. An approximately 96-kD protein is generated in in vitro translation of cRNA for RcGshT. Northern blot analysis reveals a single 4-kb transcript in liver, kidney, intestine, lung, and brain. The abundance of mRNA for RcGshT in rat liver increased 3, 6, and 12 h after a single dose of phenobarbital. Insensitivity to BSP-GSH and induction by phenobarbital, unique characteristics of canalicular GSH secretion, suggest that RcGshT encodes for the canalicular GSH transporter.
Treosulfan-based conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with primary immunodeficiency: United Kingdom experience
Authors: Mary A. Slatter, Kanchan Rao, Persis Amrolia, Terry Flood, Mario Abinun, Sophie Hambleton, Zohreh Nademi, Nick Goulden, Graham Davies, Waseem Qasim, Hubert B. Gaspar, Andrew Cant, Andrew R. Gennery, Paul Veys
Journal: Blood (2011)