tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carotid baroreceptor reflex coronary vasodilation in the dog.
Authors: B R Ito, E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

The hypothesis that neurally mediated coronary vasodilation occurs as part of the carotid baroreceptor reflex was investigated. The left main coronary artery was cannulated and perfused at constant pressure (100 mm Hg) in closed-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs. The heart was paced at a constant rate between 60 and 70 beats/min after atrioventricular heart block. Propranolol (1 mg/kg) was given to prevent beta-receptor-mediated alterations in contractility. Aortic blood pressure was stabilized with a blood reservoir. The aortic depressor nerves were cut bilaterally to prevent the buffering influence of aortic arch baroreceptors on the carotid baroreceptor reflex. The carotid sinuses were vascularly isolated and perfused with arterial blood at controlled pressures. Under these conditions, a step change in carotid sinus pressure from 70 to 210 mm Hg produced a 0.29 ml/min per g increase in coronary flow above control and a 10 mm Hg increase in coronary sinus blood oxygen tension. A step in carotid sinus pressure from 70 to 150 mm Hg resulted in a flow increase of 0.13 ml/min per g and a coronary sinus oxygen tension increase of 5.3 mm Hg relative to prestimulation values. Atropine (0.5 mg/kg, iv) blocked most of the reflex coronary vasodilation, indicating a parasympathetic component, and the addition of adrenergic alpha-receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine (0.25 mg/kg, ic) abolished the remaining response, demonstrating sympathetic participation. The reflex nature of the coronary response was confirmed with carotid sinus denervation and vagotomy. It is concluded that carotid sinus hypertension results in a graded reflex neural coronary vasodilation independent of myocardial metabolic factors. The major component is due to activation of parasympathetic coronary vasodilator fibers, but there is also inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers.
Therapies Aim to Boost “Good” Cholesterol
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

into Microsoft’s HealthVault reflect the privacy principles of the Coalition for Patient Privacy. “They have set a new and high bar for the entire health IT industry—they’re specifically stating up front that they’re going to meet 17 principles for privacy from the Coalition for Patient Privacy,” she said. Those include patient control of all access, no secret databases, and no data mining. Microsoft has stated that it will log every time records are created, changed, or read, leaving a clear audit trail. While adoption of electronic medical records and personal health records are considered the way of the future, “the majority of them actually violate long-standing laws that information should not be released without consent,” said Peel. She noted that most vendors of hospital-wide electronic medical record systems reserve the right to data mine and own patients’ health information. “We want health IT—it’s going to do great things. But it’s going to destroy people’s futures, including jobs and credit, if we don’t build in privacy,” said Peel.
E05-06: Clinical staging of small cell lung cancer: report of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Initiative, Small Cell Lung Cancer Subcommittee
Authors: F.A. Shepherd, J Crowley, P Van Houtte, P.E. Postmus, D Carney, K Chansky, Z Shaik, P Goldstraw
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Effects of nitrous acid exposure on human mucous membranes.
Authors: T R Rasmussen, M Brauer, S Kjaergaard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Nitrous acid (HONO) is formed both indirectly from the reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with water on indoor surfaces, and directly during combustion. This gaseous pollutant may be a previously unrecognized causal factor in assessments of nitrogen oxide exposure effects. The present study is the first attempt to evaluate exposure effects of HONO on the human airways and the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose. Fifteen healthy adult nonsmokers were exposed for 3.5 h in a double-blind, balanced protocol to clean air, 77, and 395 ppb HONO. Each exposure was preceded by a 1-h baseline measurement period, and exposures were separated by 1 wk. There was a 10-min exercise period during exposure. Effects measurements included assessment of bronchial reactivity, measurement of specific airway conductance, spirometry, acoustic rhinometry, nasal lavage, tear-fluid cytology, a CO2 eye-provocation test, evaluation of eye redness, and subjective sensations. Effects of HONO exposure on the eyes were found as exposure-related changes in tear-fluid cytology. In particular, the number of squamous cells increased by 20, 67, and 80% following exposure to clean air, 77, and 395 ppb HONO, respectively (p = 0.004). Possible indications of exposure effects on sensitivity to CO2 eye provocation and on specific airway conductance were also measured. For specific airway conductance there was an approximate 10% decrease in conductance following exercise in association with HONO exposure, compared with a 2% decrease with clean air (p = 0.038).
Vermont Has A High Suicide Rate
Authors: ARTHUR C. FOX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Ad Libitum1 April 1986Vermont Has A High Suicide RateRICHARD D. DONZE, D.O.RICHARD D. DONZE, D.O.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-4-592_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerptat least that'swhat Paul saysand heshould know,he's a doctorthere, near Burlingtonwho supplements his incomewith farming andmaple sugaring, andmakes the kindof money intwelve months thata megalopolitan madmanmight go throughin two, and livesmore simply than simple,can goto work withmuddy boots, hasa fine beard,and is happy.Why, I askin a placethat means greenmountain, where whatlook like cloudsactually are,and the landis the way,not in theway, of lifeare the peoplekilling themselves?It's the winters,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVermont's Suicide RateG. BIRKHEAD, M.D., M.P.H., R. L. VOGT, M.D., S. G. PARREN, M.S. 1 April 1986Volume 104, Issue 4Page: 592-592KeywordsHomicideSuicide Issue Published: 1 April 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 5415: Targeted nanoparticle based therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: Unprecedented anti-cancer activity in highly drug resistant/refractory mouse models of glioblastoma with novel apoptotic nanoparticles which hone to a cell-surface protein f
Authors: Sarah Hudson, Lilach Agemy, Venkata Ramana Kotamraju, Shweta Sharma, Erkki Ruoslahti, Florence Brunel, Ann MacLaren, John Muraski, Deborah Slee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or “glioblastoma,” is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans. An effective treatment that increases patient survival would represent a significant advance in the field, and provide a desperately needed new therapy for this deadly disease. Herein we disclose the identification of the target of the tumor homing peptide which, when conjugated to ‘nanoworms’, deliver and carry the pro-apoptotic nanoparticle system selectively to the tumor target tissue. This nanosystem has shown unprecedented anti-cancer activity in highly drug resistant/refractory mouse models of glioblastoma, which closely mimic the human disease and thus provide an exciting new opportunity for the treatment of GBM. Plans for further development of this Nanosystem will also be discussed. Citation Format: Sarah Hudson, Lilach Agemy, Venkata Ramana Kotamraju, Shweta Sharma, Erkki Ruoslahti, Florence Brunel, Ann MacLaren, John Muraski, Deborah Slee. Targeted nanoparticle based therapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme: Unprecedented anti-cancer activity in highly drug resistant/refractory mouse models of glioblastoma with novel apoptotic nanoparticles which hone to a cell-surface protein f [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5415. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5415
Ossified Subdural Hematomas of the Cerebral Convexities
Authors: Frederick E. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

REPORTS OF ossified subdural hematomas are so rare<sup>1-5</sup>that the investigation and treatment of two such cases within a period of 18 months gives us the opportunity to question again the pathological physiology involved in the production, and subsequent ossification, of subdural hematomas. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 28-year-old housewife was admitted to the US Naval Hospital, San Diego, Calif on Aug 12, 1962, with throbbing left-frontal and parietal headaches of five months' duration. The patient's birth and early development had been normal until the age of 13 years, when, while skating at a roller-skating rink, she hit the retaining wall at full speed, striking her head. She was rendered unconscious for a few minutes. She was bothered by troublesome headaches for a week or two thereafter, but recalls no motor or sensory deficits and had no seizures. She was asymptomatic until March 1962 when she had an
Renal Dysfunction Is Associated With a Reduced Contribution of Nitric Oxide and Enhanced Vasoconstriction After a Congenital Renal Mass Reduction in Sheep
Authors: Yugeesh R. Lankadeva, Reetu R. Singh, Karen M. Moritz, Helena C. Parkington, Kate M. Denton, Marianne Tare
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Children born with reduced congenital renal mass have an increased risk of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in adulthood, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Similar sequelae occur after fetal uninephrectomy (uni-x) in sheep, leading to a 30% nephron deficit. We hypothesized that renal dysfunction is underpinned by a reduced contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and vascular dysfunction in uni-x sheep.In 5-year-old female uni-x and sham sheep, mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and renal blood flow were measured before and during NO inhibition (N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME]). Reactivity was assessed in resistance arteries, including renal lobar and arcuate arteries. Basal mean arterial pressure was 15 mm Hg higher and glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were ≈30% lower (P<0.001) in uni-x animals. L-NAME increased mean arterial pressure by ≈17 mm Hg in both groups, whereas glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were decreased less in uni-x sheep (PInteraction<0.01). Endothelial NO synthase and Ser-1177-phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase protein levels were upregulated in renal cortex of uni-x sheep (P<0.05). Lobar arteries of uni-x sheep had enhanced responsiveness to phenylephrine and nitrotyrosine staining and reduced sensitivity to endothelial stimulation. Vasodilator prostanoid contribution to endothelium-dependent relaxation was reduced in lobar arteries of uni-x sheep, accompanied by reduced cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 gene expression (P<0.05). Neurovascular constriction was enhanced ≈1.5-fold in renal arteries of uni-x sheep (P<0.05).Renal dysfunction after congenital renal mass reduction is associated with impaired regulation of renal hemodynamics by NO. Reductions in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are underpinned by impaired basal NO contribution, endothelial dysfunction, and enhanced vascular responsiveness to sympathetic nerve stimulation.
ARDS after accidental inhalation of zinc chloride smoke
Authors: E. Hjortsø, J. Ovist, M. I. Bud, J. L. Thomsen, J. B. Andersen, F. Wiberg-Jørgensen, N. K. Jensen, R. Jones, L. M. Reid, W. M. Zapol
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1988)
Sustained regional dysfunction produced by prolonged coronary stenosis: gradual recovery after reperfusion.
Authors: M Matsuzaki, K P Gallagher, W S Kemper, F White, J Ross
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Prolonged nontransmural ischemia was produced and the early and late effects of reperfusion were studied in 10 conscious dogs instrumented over the long term. Five hours of partial circumflex coronary artery stenosis was produced with a hydraulic occluder, followed by gradual release over 20 min, with measurements of left ventricular pressure, regional myocardial function (systolic wall thickening by sonomicrometry), coronary blood flow velocity (pulsed Doppler), and myocardial blood flow (microspheres). During coronary stenosis the occluder was adjusted frequently to maintain a reduction of systolic wall thickening to 50% to 75% of control (average 62.6% of control). Myocardial blood flow in the ischemic area at 4 hr of partial coronary stenosis was reduced in the inner layers of the myocardium (subendocardium, from 0.81 +/- 0.18 at control to 0.36 +/- 0.08 SD, p less than .01; midwall, from 0.77 +/- 0.20 to 0.46 +/- 0.07 ml/min/g, p less than .01), accompanied by significant ST segment elevation on the subendocardial electrogram (0.83 +/- 0.96 to 4.58 +/- 4.10 mV; p less than .05) and decreased left ventricular dP/dt (3503 +/- 462 to 2991 +/- 339 mm Hg/sec; p less than .01). Within a few minutes after complete release of partial coronary stenosis, ST segments returned to control and myocardial blood flow of the inner layers was increased (subendocardium, 1.37 +/- 0.39, p less than .01; midwall, 0.97 +/- 0.28, p less than .05), but systolic wall thickening and left ventricular dP/dt were significantly depressed and remained reduced at 24, 48, and 72 hr when myocardial blood flow was normal. By seven days, systolic wall thickening and left ventricular dP/dt had returned to control (94.1 +/- 7.0% of control, 3353 +/- 605 mm Hg/sec, respectively; NS). Histologic changes caused by ischemia constituted only 2.7% (average) of the tissue between the crystals in the ischemic wall, but ischemic damage in the posterior papillary muscle, which did not contain crystals, was 31.9%. Thus, regional myocardial dysfunction reduced by nontransmural ischemia for 5 hr persisted for at least 3 days, with only slight damage to the left ventricular free wall but considerable infarction of the posterior papillary muscle. Full recovery of regional and global contractile function of the free wall then occurred within a period of 1 week.
2 DISRUPTION OF IGF SIGNALING IN EARLY HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND PRE-CLINICAL EFFICACY OF ANTI-IGF1R BLOCKING THERAPIES
Authors: V. Tovar, C. Alsinet, L. Cabellos, M. Sole, A. Villanueva, D. Chiang, S. Moyano, M. Schwartz, V. Mazzaferro, J. Bruix, J.M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Reply to Giuseppe Lippi's Letter to the Editor re: Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Géraldine Cancel-Tassin, Valérie Ondet, et al. Olfactory Detection of Prostate Cancer by Dogs Sniffing Urine: A Step Forward in Early Diagnosis. Eur Urol 2011;59:197-201
Authors: Jean-Nicolas Cornu, Olivier Cussenot
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Procalcitonin in children with suspected novel influenza A (H1N1) infection
Authors: Maarten Limper, Patrick M. Smit, Karlien M. Bongers, Anton P. van Zanten, Paul H.M. Smits, Dees P.M. Brandjes, Jan Willem Mulder, Ines A. von Rosenstiel, Eric C.M. van Gorp
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Abstract 4308: ZEB1 mediates invasion and chemoresistance of glioblastoma
Authors: Florian Siebzehnrubl, Daniel Silver, Bugra Tugertimur, Loic Deleyrolle, Oleg Suslov, Dorit Siebzehnrubl, Matthew Sarkisian, Marius Kuepper, Antony Yachnis, Simone Brabletz, Thomas Brabletz, Brent Reynolds, Dennis Steindler
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Despite intense efforts in basic research and clinical medicine, glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal types of cancer. In particular, tumor recurrence after surgical resection, aggressive chemotherapy, and targeted radiation remains an insurmountable obstacle. Recurrence has been attributed to residual cancer cells that re-initiate tumor growth after primary clinical intervention. Here, we provide new evidence that a subpopulation of invasive and chemoresistant cancer cells is maintained by the transcription factor ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1). ZEB1 is preferentially expressed in invasive glioblastoma cells, and its knockdown results in a dramatic reduction of tumor invasion as well as increased sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent Temozolomide (Temodar®, TMZ) in vitro and in vivo. We find that ZEB1 indirectly controls expression of the chemoresistance-mediating enzyme MGMT (O-6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase), as well as cell-cell adhesion pathways, thus linking chemoresistance and brain tumor invasion. Moreover, ZEB1 expression in glioblastoma patients correlates with tumor grade and survival. These results indicate that invasive glioblastoma cells are particularly sheltered from current therapeutic approaches, rendering them likely candidates for tumor recurrence. This offers a potential novel model for GBM recurrence, and a potential new therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4308. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4308
Avian flu tops WHA agenda
Authors: Tessa Richards, Christiane Rehwagen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Tributes to the late director general of the World Health Organization, Dr Lee Jong-wook, dominated the opening sessions of the 59th World Health Assembly (WHA) in Geneva last week.

In his opening address, the president of the assembly, Paulo Ivo Garrido, minister of health for Mozambique, referred to Dr …
Junior Anaesthetic Staff
Authors: C. S. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> is an important respiratory pathogen. Recently, its presence has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions. In this study, we characterized <i>C. pneumoniae</i>-mediated activation of endothelial cells and demonstrated an enhanced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules followed by subsequent rolling, adhesion, and transmigration of leukocytes (monocytes, granulocytes). These effects were blocked by mAbs against endothelial and/or leukocyte adhesion molecules (β<sub>1</sub> and β<sub>2</sub> integrins). Additionally, activation of different signal transduction pathways in <i>C. pneumoniae</i>-infected endothelial cells was shown: protein tyrosine phosphorylation, up-regulation of phosphorylated p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-κB activation/translocation occurred within 10–15 min. Increased mRNA and surface expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were noted within hours. Thus, <i>C. pneumoniae</i> triggers a cascade of events that could lead to endothelial activation, inflammation, and thrombosis, which in turn may result in or may promote atherosclerosis.
Book: Making the Modern Medical School: The Wisconsin Stories
Authors: E. Peile
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Robert Oliver Science History Publications/USA, $24.95, pp 165 ISBN 0 88135 362 0 UK readers can order this book from the BMJ Bookshop, tel: 020 7383 6244 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> I almost abandoned this book on the first page. A painfully twisted metaphor about birth, miscarriage, gestation, cross-fertilisation, and infertility was not a good start. Robert Oliver tends to overwork the metaphors as when he talks of wars and battles or when he cites William Butler Yeats later in the book. I found his style most comfortable when he got into the swing of historical descriptive writing, and I was soon enjoying his graphic picture of the midwest of the United … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Resequencing of 200 human exomes identifies an excess of low-frequency non-synonymous coding variants
Authors: Yingrui Li, Nicolas Vinckenbosch, Geng Tian, Emilia Huerta-Sanchez, Tao Jiang, Hui Jiang, Anders Albrechtsen, Gitte Andersen, Hongzhi Cao, Thorfinn Korneliussen, Niels Grarup, Yiran Guo, Ines Hellman, Xin Jin, Qibin Li, Jiangtao Liu, Xiao Liu, Thomas Sparsø, Meifang Tang, Honglong Wu, Renhua Wu, Chang Yu, Hancheng Zheng, Arne Astrup, Lars Bolund, Johan Holmkvist, Torben Jørgensen, Karsten Kristiansen, Ole Schmitz, Thue W Schwartz, Xiuqing Zhang, Ruiqiang Li, Huanming Yang, Jian Wang, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen, Rasmus Nielsen, Jun Wang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
Dynamic expression profiling of type I and type III interferon-stimulated hepatocytes reveals a stable hierarchy of gene expression
Authors: Christopher R. Bolen, Siyuan Ding, Michael D. Robek, Steven H. Kleinstein
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Despite activating similar signaling cascades, the type I and type III interferons (IFNs) differ in their ability to antagonize virus replication. However, it is not clear whether these cytokines induce unique antiviral states, particularly in the liver, where the clinically important hepatitis B and C viruses cause persistent infection. Here, clustering and promoter analyses of microarray-based gene expression profiling were combined with mechanistic studies of signaling pathways to dynamically characterize the transcriptional responses induced by these cytokines in Huh7 hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. Type I and III IFNs differed greatly in their level of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction with a clearly detectable hierarchy (IFN-β > IFN-α > IFN-λ3 > IFN-λ1 > IFN-λ2). Notably, although the hierarchy identified varying numbers of differentially expressed genes when quantified using common statistical thresholds, further analysis of gene expression over multiple timepoints indicated that the individual IFNs do not in fact regulate unique sets of genes. The kinetic profiles of IFN-induced gene expression were also qualitatively similar with the important exception of IFN-α. While stimulation with either IFN-β or IFN-λs resulted in a similar long-lasting ISG induction, IFN-α signaling peaked early after stimulation then declined due to a negative feedback mechanism. The quantitative expression hierarchy and unique kinetics of IFN-α reveal potential specific roles for individual IFNs in the immune response, and elucidate the mechanism behind previously observed differences in IFN antiviral activity. While current clinical trials are focused on IFN-λ1 as a potential antiviral therapy, the finding that IFN-λ3 invariably possesses the highest activity among type III IFNs suggests that this cytokine may have superior clinical activity. (Hepatology 2014;59:1262-1272)
Study on the A Factor as a Cause of Haemolytic Disease in Premature Babies
Authors: S. Phansomboon, O. J. Pollak
Journal: BMJ (1952)

KERNICTERUS WITHOUT PREMATURITY birth.The severe jaundice appears, for want of evidence to the contrary, to have been of the "physiological" type, which is widely held to be a result of inadequate liver function.The presence of neonatal hepatitis was ruled out histologically and no significant infection was found anywhere.Whatever the factors that led to kernicterus in the present case, it seems that a great deal of evidence now exists for the occurrence of symptomatic kemicterus as adistinguished from a similar condition arising in conjunction' with blood- group incompatibility.Thus a tentative aetiological classification of kernicterus may be put forward as (1) blood- group incompatibility; (2) a mixed group, comprising princi- pally prematurity, and also severe infection, congenital anomalies, and maternal diabetes; and (3) cerebral damage following birth trauma. SummaryA case of kernicterus is described in a fulll-term firstborn infant in whom blood-group incompatibility was absent.The possible aetiology of the lesions is discussed, with particular reference to a coexistent intracranial haemorrhage.Our thanks are due to Dr.