tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Graduated Driver Licensing in Michigan
Authors: Jean T. Shope, Lisa J. Molnar, Michael R. Elliott, Patricia F. Waller
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Graduated driver licensing (GDL) programs are being adopted in many states to address the high rate of motor vehicle fatalities among teens by requiring teenaged drivers to gain experience and maturity under conditions of relatively low crash risk before gaining full driving privileges.To evaluate the early impact of Michigan's GDL program on traffic crashes among 16-year-old drivers.Analysis of Michigan motor vehicle crash data from 1996 (before GDL program implementation) vs 1998 and 1999 (after GDL program implementation) for 16-year-olds, adjusting for trends among persons 25 years or older.Michigan's GDL program, instituted April 1, 1997, for teens younger than 18 years entering the driver license system, includes 3 licensure levels, each with driving restrictions and requirements to progress to the next level. Requirements include extended, supervised practice in the learning level, 2-phase driver education, and night driving restrictions in the intermediate level.Rates in 1996 vs 1998 and 1999 for all police-reported crashes; for fatal injury, nonfatal injury, and fatal/nonfatal injury combined crashes; for day, evening, and night crashes; for single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes; and for alcohol-related crashes.Overall, the rate of 16-year-old drivers (per 1000 population) involved in crashes declined from 154 in 1996 to 111 in 1999 (relative risk [RR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-0.73). After adjusting for populationwide trends, the overall crash risk for 16-year-olds was significantly reduced in 1999 from 1996 by 25% (adjusted RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.74-0.77). There were also significant reductions for nonfatal injury and combined fatal and nonfatal crashes; for day, evening, and night crashes; and for single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes. Fatal crashes declined from 1996 to 1999, but not significantly (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.49-1.14), and alcohol-related crashes continued at a low rate (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.80-1.29).Analysis of the first 2 full calendar years following Michigan's GDL program implementation indicates substantial crash reductions among 16-year-olds. Future research is necessary to determine if these reductions are maintained and if other jurisdictions achieve similar results.
Short life of stimulant released from ground skin slices
Authors: ELIZABETH HELL, J. COOPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Ground guinea‐pig skin slices release a potent stimulant to epidermal cells which causes them to enter DNA synthesis (Hell, 1970). Further experiments have shown that this effect on the epidermis is immediate. If the stimulant‐containing medium is replaced 15 min after setting up the experiment by fresh medium containing no stimulant, the epidermal cells have already received the impetus to enter the DNA synthetic period, and the original medium is without its characteristic effect on a further set of skin slices.
Health Problems at the Olympic Games
Authors: Daniel F. Hanley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The organization and planning for the health care of a National Team and its officials is essential to the successful operation of Health Services at the Olympic Games. The disease pattern at the Games is predictable, and an outline indicates categories of diseases generally encountered. Frequently, injudicious use of vitamins and food supplements is a problem. Different geographical areas present special health problems, as do some of the physical disabilities which competing athletes may have.
Fluothane and Jaundice
Authors: J. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1963)

BmDIC ¶sHand a small outbreak was recorded in Bristol in 1961 2 A week ago two cases were seen in Bristol, and within the last ten days at least 20 cases have occurred in a small area of Buckinghamshire.A very similar outbreak has occurred in Swindon involving about the same numbers.Recent observations suggest that some patients in these outbreaks may only suffer from mouth ulcers, and this fact and the mildness of the condition may not cause it to be recognized immediately.It seems, however, that the disease may well be occurring in many different parts of the country, and it would be of interest to hear of further outbreaks that have occurred.-Weare, etc.,
A New Electrocardiographic Pattern Observed in Cerebrovascular Accidents
Authors: G. E. BURCH, ROBERT MEYERS, J. A. ABILDSKOV
Journal: Circulation (1954)

An electrocardiographic pattern was encountered in patients with cerebrovascular accidents which consisted primarily of T waves of large amplitude and duration. Large U waves were often present which may fuse in part or entirely within the T wave. Because of the presence and fusion of the T and U waves, the prolonged Q-T interval associated with the pattern was most probably a Q-U interval.
TENORRHAPHY BY MEANS OF THE SUTURE Á DISTANCE OF CATGUT, WITH REPORT OF CASE.Read before the Chicago Pathological Society, April 9, 1894.
Authors: EMANUEL J. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Injuries to tendons and their sheaths is of frequent occurrence, and a perfect knowledge of anatomy and method of repair of these structures for the requisite surgical treatment is of great importance to the practical surgeon. In studying our text-books of surgery, one is struck by the liberal space allotted to fractures; while the subjects of laceration of tendons and treatment are superficially dealt with in a few lines. Although injuries to tendons occur both in hospital and private practice far less often than fractures, this subject should receive comparatively more consideration from authors, both from a pathological and surgical standpoint. It is not in recent cases where tendons are simply divided that surgeons meet with difficulties; but it is in old cases as in ancient fractures, where pathologic conditions have manifested themselves and produce the many complications which call for difficult surgical intervention. Therefore, before considering the treatment by
HLA-DR association with the genetic susceptibility to develop ashy dermatosis in Mexican Mestizo patients
Authors: Marisol Carrillo Correa, Elisa Vega Memije, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón, Roberto Arenas Guzmán, Florencia Rosetti, Victor Acuña-Alonzo, Nonantzin Martínez-Rodríguez, Julio Granados
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Differential nanotoxicological and neuroinflammatory liabilities of non-viral vectors for RNA interference in the central nervous system
Authors: Bruno M.D.C. Godinho, David J. McCarthy, Cristina Torres-Fuentes, Caroll J. Beltrán, Joanna McCarthy, Aoife Quinlan, Julien R. Ogier, Raphael Darcy, Caitriona M. O'Driscoll, John F. Cryan
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Points: Vacuum extraction or forceps?
Authors: R. M Freeman, P Franks
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Dr. Butler claims that I have "further-tarnished the reputation of Chile," nd he recommends that "further interchange ofdoctors takes placeso.thatmore people -may appreciate the freedom enjoyed by medical staff there, thus destrying the.ppular nusconceptions represented by thisarticle."My artcle did inl actcontai a strong plea that the medical professiot should not ostracise Chile, and that more British doctors should consier -ex- changes there.Aisl said in the article, this *will-e helpful to the profession in Chile.Whether it wl achieve Dr Eutler's intention of helping "more people-to appreciate the f0eedonm enjoyed 0-by medical staff there, thus destroying popglar mis- conceptions as perpetuated by this article" is more than doubtful.
The Academic Medical Center
Authors: BARRY H. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1984The Academic Medical CenterBARRY H. KAPLAN, M.D., PH.D.BARRY H. KAPLAN, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-396 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: The "solutions" offered by Rogers and Blendon (1) reveal the same lack of insight that resulted in the problems facing academic medicine today. The first and most basic problem is the assumption of some mystical "leadership of academic centers." Most departmental chairpersons and deans are hard-driving, highly competitive, egocentric persons selected for their success in developing expanding programs. They are, as a group, totally unsuited emotionally for dealing with declining resources. Any notion that this group will cooperate in mutual self-interest to limit growth is without precedent.For example, it has been clear for 10 years that...Reference1. ROGERSBLENDON DR. The academic medical center today. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:751-4. LinkGoogle Scholar1. ROGERSBLENDON DR. The academic medical center today. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:751-4. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug Kinetics and Continuous Arteriovenous HemofiltrationThe Predilution Mode for Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofil TrationContinuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration and Related Therapies 1 September 1984Volume 101, Issue 3Page: 396-396KeywordsAcademic medicineEmotions Issue Published: 1 September 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Idiopathic Myocardiopathy of the Puerperium (Postpartal Heart Disease)
Authors: JOHN J. WALSH, GEORGE E. BURCH, WILLIAM C. BLACK, VICTOR J. FERRANS, RICHARD G. HIBBS
Journal: Circulation (1965)

It should be clearly understood that no evidence was uncovered to indicate an unequivocal etiology for this uncommon disease. One is tempted to qualify "uncommon" in that it no longer connotes the same extreme degree of rarity that would appear from medical literature. Over the same period that these cases were collected an equal number were recognized but unavailable for study for various reasons. Unfortunately, the size of our series precludes statistical analysis. The apparent tendencies to hypercholesteremia, blood-group predilection, and increased incidence of abnormal hemoglobin types are in need of further exploration. One would be remiss not to note at this point that at least one report 20 related several instances of familial incidence of postpartal heart disease. We are more certain of the significance of malnutrition as a factor in the genesis of this syndrome, although we are unable to assign a precise role. Similarly, the deleterious effects on such patients of hypertension, pyelonephritis, and full-term pregnancy have impressed us, although we can make no judgment as to their frequency of occurrence. Probably, as so often happens, we are most certain of our single pre-investigatory premise that postpartal heart disease is a serious and pernicious syndrome, quite different from that described in most of the literature. That prolonged bed rest is not a panacea is obvious. It is of sufficient merit, however, to warrant use in all such patients, for periods up to 1 year at least.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers' milk.
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Marian Pavuk, Olaf Päpke, John Jake Ryan, Linda Birnbaum, Robin Rosen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

No previous reports exist on polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in human milk from individual U.S. mothers. This article on PBDEs is an extension of our previous studies on concentrations of dioxins, dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other chlorinated organic compounds in human milk in a number of countries. PBDE commercial products are used as flame retardants in flexible polyurethane foam (penta-BDE), in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins (octa-BDE), and in high-impact polystyrene resins (deca-BDE). Their use is permitted in the United States but is banned in some European countries because of presumed toxicity, demonstrated persistence, and bioaccumulation. Different commercial products can be found in various consumer products such as television sets, computers, computer monitors and printers, carpets, and upholstery. Analyses of human levels of these compounds suggest low but rising levels in European human milk, which may have peaked, at least in Sweden, in the late 1990s. Very few data exist on levels of PBDEs in humans in the United States, and none from milk from individual nursing mothers. To address this issue, we analyzed 47 individual milk samples from nursing mothers, 20-41 years of age, from a milk bank in Austin, Texas, and a community women's health clinic in Dallas, Texas. Up to 13 PBDE congeners were measured. The concentrations of the sum of PBDE congeners varied from 6.2 to 419 ng/g (or parts per billion) lipid, with a median of 34 ng/g and a mean of 73.9 ng/g lipid. The PBDE levels in breast milk from Texas were similar to levels found in U.S. blood and adipose tissue lipid from California and Indiana and are 10-100 times greater than human tissue levels in Europe. Their detection in breast milk raises concern for potential toxicity to nursing infants, given the persistence and bioaccumulative nature of some of the PBDE congeners. These results indicate a need for more detailed investigation of the levels of PBDE in people and food, as well as determining if animal fat in food is the major route of exposure of the general U.S. population. Other routes of intake may also be significant.
Progesterone metabolites and bile acids in serum of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy
Authors: L Meng, H Reyes, M Axelson, J Palma, I Hernandez, J Ribalta, J Sjovall
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The concentrations in serum of sulfated metabolites of progesterone are known to be elevated in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). The profiles of these metabolites and conjugated bile acids were analyzed in serum from 11 patients with ICP before and during administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (8 patients) or placebo (3 patients). The clinical condition of 7 of the patients given UDCA improved markedly, and 1 patient given placebo had a spontaneous remission of the disease. The total concentration of conjugated bile acids in the 11 patients was 25 +/- 6 micromol/L (mean +/- SEM) and decreased to 6.3 +/- 3.5 micromol/L in the 7 patients responding to treatment with UDCA. The level of 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was significantly lower (7.2 +/- 2.2 ng/mL) in patients with ICP than in healthy pregnancy (18 +/- 4.6 ng/mL) (P < .05). The concentrations of 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha,20alpha-diol mono- and disulfates decreased by 52% +/- 7.9% and 68% +/- 5.5%, respectively, in the patients responding to treatment. Similar decreases were observed for the mono- and disulfates of 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha,20alpha,21-triol and 5beta-pregnane-3alpha,20alpha-diol. The disulfate of 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,20alpha-diol showed a smaller decrease, while glucuronidated steroids were not affected. The 3alpha-/3beta-hydroxysteroid ratio and di-/monosulfate ratio decreased significantly during UDCA. The magnitudes of the changes of bile acid and steroid concentrations during UDCA were not correlated to each other. The results suggest that UDCA stimulates the biliary excretion of steroids with a 3alpha-sulfoxy group and disulfates. This effect seems to be independent of the effect on bile acid excretion, indicating the use of different transport proteins. The possibility of an effect of UDCA on the formation of the steroid sulfates cannot be excluded.
Community study of the causes of "natural" sudden death.
Authors: A. C. Thomas, P. A. Knapman, D. M. Krikler, M. J. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Three hundred and fifty cases of "natural" sudden death within six hours of onset of symptoms in people ranging in age from 18 to 69 years in Wandsworth were studied using a detailed necropsy protocol to determine the cause of death. Sudden death occurred in 28 (8%) Asians and blacks, but because of the small number they were excluded from the study, leaving 322 cases. Ischaemic heart disease accounted for 189 (59%) of the 322 sudden deaths (155 (65%) men; 34 (41%) women) and no proportional increase in instantaneous compared with non-instantaneous sudden death was found. Non-ischaemic cardiac disease was the cause of sudden death in 24 cases (7.5%). Non-cardiac disease included pulmonary emboli, aortic aneurysms, and intracerebral haemorrhage and caused 89 (27.6%) deaths. Alcohol was the cause of nine deaths (2.8%) and in 11 (3.4%) cases (six men and five women) no cause of death was found. This study shows that although ischaemic heart disease is the single largest cause of sudden natural death there are other major causes.
The role of FAK in tumor metabolism and therapy
Authors: Jianliang Zhang, Steven N. Hochwald
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a vital role in tumor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Altered metabolic pathways fuel rapid tumor growth by accelerating glucose, lipid and glutamine processing. Besides the mitogenic effects of FAK, evidence is accumulating supporting the association between hyper-activated FAK and aberrant metabolism in tumorigenesis. FAK can promote glucose consumption, lipogenesis, and glutamine dependency to promote cancer cell proliferation, motility, and survival. Clinical studies demonstrate that FAK-related alterations of tumor metabolism are associated with increased risk of developing solid tumors. Since FAK contributes to the malignant phenotype, small molecule inhibition of FAK-stimulated bioenergetic and biosynthetic processes can provide a novel approach for therapeutic intervention in tumor growth and invasion.
No compelling evidence against feedback in spoken word recognition
Authors: Michael K. Tanenhaus, James S. Magnuson, Bob McMurray, Richard N. Aslin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Norris et al.'s claim that feedback is unnecessary is compromised by (1) a questionable application of Occam's razor, given strong evidence for feedback in perception; (2) an idealization of the speech recognition problem that simplifies those aspects of the input that create conditions where feedback is useful; (3) Norris et al.'s use of decision nodes that incorporate feedback to model some important empirical results; and (4) problematic linking hypotheses between crucial simulations and behavioral data.
Dimensions of the knee. Radiographic and autopsy study of sizes required by a knee prosthesis.
Authors: B B Seedhom, E B Longton, V Wright, D Dowson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

e' width of intracondylar notch 'f' width of medial condyle 'b and c' maximum dimensions of lateral and medial condyles in antero-posterior direction 'g' maximum width of tibial condyles at articular surfaces These dimensions were measured on x rays from tunnel and lateral views of the knees of 101 subjects (49 men and 52 women).Measurements were also taken from twenty cadaveric knees (12 male and 8 female).The distance of the source from the films was standardized and noted in order to be able to calculate the true dimensions of the knees from the radiographs.The true dimension 'a' or 'g' was equal to that measured from the x-ray negative, multiplied by Y/Y0.Y and Y0, illustrated copyright.
INFLUENCE OF THE MIND UPON THE BODY AND ITS RELATION TO EDUCATION.
Authors: RANDELL HUNT
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Involving, as this subject does, a comprehensive knowledge of the brain, nervous system and body, their relations and inter-relations, connections and nice dependencies, an overestimate of it is impossible. Though its importance has been recognized for centuries in all the great philosophic treatises of the Aryan peoples, the ideas presented in them have been so entirely spiritual and ethical as in no way to suggest the existence of the psycho-physical law underlying the whole. The first to clearly perceive and appreciate the existence and potentiality of a psycho-physical law underlying the phenomena arising from the influence of the mind upon the body were Unzer and John Hunter. Since their time, the subject has been ably studied by such men as Muller, Elliotson, Laycock, Braid, Carpenter, Tuke and Haidenhain, who have assiduously devoted their lives to the scientific elucidadation of this problem upon purely psycho-physiologic principles. Such is the fruit of
Pharmacologic Receptor Activity of Rabbit Aorta
Authors: JEROME H. FLEISCH, MARIJA Č. KRŽAN, ELWOOD TITUS
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

N -ethylmaleimide (NEM), an alkylating agent that covalently binds sulfhydryl groups, and dithiothreitol (DTT, Cleland's reagent), which reduces disulfide bridges to sulfhydryl groups, affected drug-induced contractions of rabbit aorta. NEM depressed aortic responses to potassium chloride (KCl), norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and angiotensin II. This action was attributed to an interaction of NEM with sulfhydryl groups vital to either the membrane function or the contractile apparatus. DTT had minimal effects on responses to KCl, norepinephrine, and serotonin; it potentiated aortic contractions produced by histamine and abolished responses to angiotensin II. Enhancement of the histamine response by DTT was not accompanied by an effect on the histamine-metabolizing enzymes or by an alteration in the K B and pA 2 values for pyrilamine. The results suggest that a disulfide bridge plays a prominent role in both histamine and angiotensin receptor activity of rabbit aorta. With regard to the histamine receptor system, two possibilities exist: (1) reduction of a disulfide bridge at some vital point increases receptor activity or (2) the histamine receptor system, normally in a reduced state, is oxidized in the artificial environment of the tissue bath and needs to be reduced to regain full activity.
Rapid Evolution of cis-Regulatory Sequences via Local Point Mutations
Authors: Jonathon R. Stone, Gregory A. Wray
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Although the evolution of protein-coding sequences within genomes is well understood, the same cannot be said of the cis-regulatory regions that control transcription. Yet, changes in gene expression are likely to constitute an important component of phenotypic evolution. We simulated the evolution of new transcription factor binding sites via local point mutations. The results indicate that new binding sites appear and become fixed within populations on microevolutionary timescales under an assumption of neutral evolution. Even combinations of two new binding sites evolve very quickly. We predict that local point mutations continually generate considerable genetic variation that is capable of altering gene expression.