tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD4 <sup>+</sup> Natural Killer T Cells Potently Augment Aortic Root Atherosclerosis by Perforin- and Granzyme B-Dependent Cytotoxicity
Authors: Yi Li, Kelly To, Peter Kanellakis, Hamid Hosseini, Virginie Deswaerte, Peter Tipping, Mark J. Smyth, Ban-Hock Toh, Alexander Bobik, Tin Kyaw
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Rationale: CD4 + natural killer T (NKT) cells augment atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient ( ApoE ) −/− mice but their mechanisms of action are unknown. Objectives: We investigated the roles of bystander T, B, and NK cells; NKT cell–derived interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-21 cytokines; and NKT cell–derived perforin and granzyme B cytotoxins in promoting CD4 + NKT cell atherogenicity. Methods and Results: Transfer of CD4 + NKT cells into T- and B-cell–deficient ApoE −/− Rag2 −/− mice augmented aortic root atherosclerosis by ≈75% that was ≈30% of lesions in ApoE −/− mice; macrophage accumulation similarly increased. Transferred NKT cells were identified in the liver and atherosclerotic lesions of recipient mice. Transfer of CD4 + NKT cells into T-, B-cell–deficient, and NK cell–deficient ApoE −/− Rag2 −/− γC −/− mice also augmented atherosclerosis. These data indicate that CD4 + NKT cells can exert proatherogenic effects independent of other lymphocytes. To investigate the role of NKT cell–derived interferon-γ, IL-4, and IL-21 cytokines and perforin and granzyme B cytotoxins, CD4 + NKT cells from mice deficient in these molecules were transferred into NKT cell–deficient ApoE −/− Jα18 −/− mice. CD4 + NKT cells deficient in IL-4, interferon-γ, or IL-21 augmented atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− Jα18 −/− mice by ≈95%, ≈80%, and ≈70%, respectively. Transfer of CD4 + NKT cells deficient in perforin or granzyme B failed to augment atherosclerosis. Apoptotic cells, necrotic cores, and proinflammatory VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein) were reduced in mice receiving perforin-deficient NKT cells. CD4 + NKT cells are twice as potent as CD4 + T cells in promoting atherosclerosis. Conclusions: CD4 + NKT cells potently promote atherosclerosis by perforin and granzyme B–dependent apoptosis that increases postapoptotic necrosis and inflammation.
A Radioimmunoassay for Measurement of 3,3′, 5′-Triiodothyronine (Reverse T3)
Authors: Inder J. Chopra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A highly specific antiserum to 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3) was prepared by immunization of rabbits with D,L-rT3-human serum albumin conjugate. Of the various thyroid hormone derivatives tested, only 3,3′-diiodothyronine (3,3′-T2) cross-reacted significantly (10%) with rT3-binding sites on the antiserum, while thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) cross-reacted by less than 0.1%. The antiserum was used in a simple, sensitive, precise, and reproducible radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measurement of rT3 in ethanolic extracts of serum. The dose-response curves of inhibition of the binding of [125I]rT3 to antibody obtained by serial dilutions of serum extracts were essentially parallel to the standard assay curve. Recovery of nonradioactive rT3 added to serum before extraction averaged 93%.
First Look: Google Glass in Dermatology, Mohs Surgery, and Surgical Reconstruction
Authors: Jonathan Kantor
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Looking for Medical Injuries Where the Light Is Bright
Authors: Saul N. Weingart
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physical Conditioning Facilitates the Exercise-Induced Secretion of Beta-Endorphin and Beta-Lipotropin in Women
Authors: Daniel B. Carr, Beverly A. Bullen, Gary S. Skrinar, Michael A. Arnold, Michael Rosenblatt, Inese Z. Beitins, Joseph B. Martin, Janet W. McArthur
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

EXERCISE training is used increasingly to prevent and treat disease, and millions of healthy persons participate in strenuous sports; yet, the mechanisms by which exercise produces various clinical effects are imperfectly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that endogenous opioid peptides influence diverse functions linked with the body's energy balance, including appetite,1 thermorégulation,2 lipolysis,3 and reproduction.4 Preliminary observations of athletes indicate that the acute expenditure of energy during exercise stimulates secretion of opioid peptides, but the lack of data on endocrine functions in subjects of experiments and the wide range of reported basal concentrations of hormones weaken this conclusion.5 6 7 No studies have . . .
BALANCING THE DIABETIC DIET
Authors: SOLOMON STROUSE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

isolated phenomenon in postnasal lesions.I have seen purposeless vomiting continue for twelve hours, and stop five minutes after cocain was set for anesthesia of the nasal ganglion.This happened in a case of severe "lower half headache" of nasal ganglion origin which could be controlled from the ganglion.On this occasion, however, there was no headache.The previous association led me to experiment with cocainization.Since then, I have found that it is not infrequent that patients with postnasal lesions com¬ plain only of more or less slight nausea ; but sometimes they complain emphatically.
The Role of Genetically Determined Polymorphic Drug Metabolism in the Beta-Blockade Produced by Propafenone
Authors: John T. Lee, Heyo K. Kroemer, David J. Silberstein, Christian Funck-Brentano, Mark D. Lineberry, Alastair J.J. Wood, Dan M. Roden, Raymond L. Woosley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Propranolol and the sodium-channel-blocking antiarrhythmic agent propafenone share structural features. Although propafenone's beta-blocking actions are readily demonstrable in vitro, clinically significant beta-blockade occurs inconsistently in vivo. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that genetically determined variations in the biotransformation of propafenone to its 5-hydroxy metabolite account for variations in the drug's beta-blocking action. We assessed beta-blockade by measuring the reduction in tachycardia produced by boluses of isoproterenol and treadmill exercise in 14 normal subjects during treatment with placebo and with 150, 225, and 300 mg of propafenone every eight hours for five days each. Nine subjects (with the extensive-metabolizer phenotype) metabolized most of the propafenone to 5-hydroxy propafenone, and five (with the poor-metabolizer phenotype) did not produce this metabolite. At the lower dosages, beta-blockade was present in both groups but was significantly greater in the subjects with poor metabolism, in whom deficient 5-hydroxylation was associated with higher plasma propafenone levels. At the highest dose, a similar degree of beta-blockade was observed in the two groups. Propafenone also had a higher affinity for beta 2 receptors in vitro than either of its major metabolites. We conclude that the degree of beta-blockade during propafenone therapy reflects genetically determined variations in the metabolism of the parent drug, which is necessary for beta-blockade, and that this action of propafenone is considerably enhanced in patients with deficient 5-hydroxylation of propafenone.
Academic and Career Development of Pulmonary and Critical Care Physician-Scientists
Authors: Craig R. Weinert, Joanne Billings, Rita Ryan, David H. Ingbar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The supply of research-oriented physicians is declining.Define barriers to successful career development in academic pulmonary/critical care medicine and discover strategies that promote the recruitment and retention of research physicians.Focus groups and Web-based survey of fellows and junior faculty in pulmonary/critical care and neonatology divisions in 2002. Primary survey areas were educational debt, mentoring, institutional resources, information needs, and academic productivity.Monthly educational debt payments were a small fraction of junior faculty household income, but the debt/income ratio was larger for fellows and less for female faculty. The debt/income ratio was not associated with the perceived likelihood of an academic career. Respondents felt they lacked understanding of the roadmap to success and formal assistance in career development. Mentors were perceived as personally supportive, but less helpful in career development. Perceived likelihood of an academic career was most associated for faculty with institutional research support and for fellows with mentors' academic advising. Better research skills and more career development activities were associated with respondents having a Ph.D. mentor. Perceptions about academic physicians' job security were pessimistic.Multiple factors influence decisions to pursue an academic medical career. In addition to alleviating financial pressures, academic careers may be aided by (1) providing more information about career pathways, job expectations, and success rates; (2) increasing career development mentoring; and (3) implementing formal curricula similar to Ph.D. programs. For pulmonary/critical care medicine faculty, current federal educational debt relief programs may have only a modest effect on academic retention.
Effect of Various Modes of Oxygen Administration on the Arterial Gas Values in Patients with Respiratory Acidosis
Authors: D. J. Massaro, S. Katz, P. C. Luchsinger
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Rn ou 627MEIA ORA indefinitely.Newcomers on Mt.Makalu, after four to six weeks' acclimatization, were, if anything, fitter and more active than men who had wintered at 19,000 ft.(5,790 m.).Medical aspects of the expedition are described.On Mt.Makalu cases occurred of cerebral thrombosis, pulmonary infarction, acute pulmonary oedema, pneu- monia, and frostbite.The ascent was made without oxygen equipment, but oxygen was available for medical treatment.
Developmentally Restricted Genetic Determinants of Human Arsenic Metabolism: Association between Urinary Methylated Arsenic and <i>CYT19</i> Polymorphisms in Children
Authors: Maria Mercedes Meza, Lizhi Yu, Yelitza Y. Rodriguez, Mischa Guild, David Thompson, A. Jay Gandolfi, Walter T. Klimecki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We report the results of a screen for genetic association with urinary arsenic metabolite levels in three arsenic metabolism candidate genes, PNP, GSTO, and CYT19, in 135 arsenic-exposed subjects from the Yaqui Valley in Sonora, Mexico, who were exposed to drinking water concentrations ranging from 5.5 to 43.3 ppb. We chose 23 polymorphic sites to test in the arsenic-exposed population. Initial phenotypes evaluated included the ratio of urinary inorganic arsenic(III) to inorganic arsenic(V) and the ratio of urinary dimethylarsenic(V) to monomethylarsenic(V) (D:M). In the initial association screening, three polymorphic sites in the CYT19 gene were significantly associated with D:M ratios in the total population. Subsequent analysis of this association revealed that the association signal for the entire population was actually caused by an extremely strong association in only the children (7–11 years of age) between CYT19 genotype and D:M levels. With children removed from the analysis, no significant genetic association was observed in adults (18–79 years). The existence of a strong, developmentally regulated genetic association between CYT19 and arsenic metabolism carries import for both arsenic pharmacogenetics and arsenic toxicology, as well as for public health and governmental regulatory officials.
Advances in the Diagnosis of Altered States of Adrenocortical Function
Authors: John C. Laidlaw, William J. Reddy, Dalton Jenkins, Najib Abu Haydar, Albert E. Renold, George W. Thorn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

GREAT advances in the diagnosis of altered states of adrenocortical function have been made possible by improvements in methods of steroid analysis and by the availability of purified preparations of ACTH and adrenocortical hormones. The development of simple methods for the measurement of blood and urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids has facilitated the estimation of the quantity of hydrocortisone secreted by the human adrenal cortex.1 , 2 The availability of ACTH has opened the way to the exploration of adrenocortical reserve in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic states. It now appears that the intravenous administration of ACTH with the determination of 17-hydroxycorticoids and . . .
89 SAFETY, PLASMA PHARMACOKINETICS, AND ANTI-VIRAL ACTIVITY OF SCY-635 IN ADULT PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: S. Hopkins, D. Heuman, E. Gavis, J. Lalezari, E. Glutzer, B. DiMassimo, P. Rusnak, S. Wring, C. Smitley, Y. Ribeill
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke by Interventional Cardiologists: National Initial Experience
Authors: Abdurrahman Tasal, Ahmet Bacaksiz, Mehmet Akif Vatankulu, Osman Sonmez, Murat Turfan, Ercan Erdogan, Hasan Huseyin Karadeli, Mehmet Kolukısa, Seref Kul, Ozge Altıntas, Talip Asil, Omer Goktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Cardiovascular and Systemic MicrovascularEffects of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy for Cancer
Authors: J. Todd Belcik, Yue Qi, Beat A. Kaufmann, Aris Xie, Sherry Bullens, Terry K. Morgan, Susan P. Bagby, Ganesh Kolumam, Joe Kowalski, Jon A. Oyer, Stuart Bunting, Jonathan R. Lindner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A Physician in 1776
Authors: Genevieve Miller
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In 1775 a Virginia physician penned the following certificate1:  These Presents will Inform All whom are Concerndthat MrCary Henry Hampton of the County of PrWilliam in the Colony of Virginia hath Compleatdhis Apprentisship to my Instruction in the Arts & Scienes [sic] of Anatomy, Chirurgery, Physic & Midwifery to all of which for the space of four years he hath been Studious & Diligent. He is well grounded in the teachings of Cheseldens Anatomy, Heisters Surgery, Cullens Materia Medica, Smellies Midwifery, the Works of our Masters Sydenham & Hippocrates which he hath read in the Latin tongue, as well as many other books of our Proffession and in the Instruction I have give to him at the beds of my Patients & elsewhere. So I repose my Confidence in his Knowledge & Reccommend him to all those who require his Skill &
Stopping Antibiotic Therapy in Neutropenic Patients
Authors: MARK J. DiNUBILE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Infection is the major cause of death in neutropenic patients. Because of the lack of acute inflammatory cells, the usual signs of infection are often absent in these patients. Therefore, unexplained fever in a neutropenic patient requires prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy. Many physicians advocate continuing antibiotic therapy until neutropenia resolves. However, prolonged treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the risks of drug toxicity and superinfection with resistant bacteria and fungi. Based on a critical review of the literature and a large personal clinical experience, I offer tentative guidelines for withdrawing antibiotic therapy in persistently neutropenic patients. When antibiotic therapy is discontinued, frequent and careful monitoring of these patients and a low threshold for reinstituting antibiotic therapy are essential.
Prevalence of Pathogenic BRCA1 Mutation Carriers in 5 US Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Esther M. John, Alexander Miron, Gail Gong, Amanda I. Phipps, Anna Felberg, Frederick P. Li, Dee W. West, Alice S. Whittemore
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Information on the prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1 mutation carriers in racial/ethnic minority populations is limited.To estimate BRCA1 carrier prevalence in Hispanic, African American, and Asian American female breast cancer patients compared with non-Hispanic white patients with and without Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.We estimated race/ethnicity-specific prevalence of BRCA1 in a population-based, multiethnic series of female breast cancer patients younger than 65 years at diagnosis who were enrolled at the Northern California site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry during the period 1996-2005. Race/ethnicity and religious ancestry were based on self-report. Weighted estimates of prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were based on Horvitz-Thompson estimating equations.Estimates of BRCA1 prevalence.Estimates of BRCA1 prevalence were 3.5% (95% CI, 2.1%-5.8%) in Hispanic patients (n = 393), 1.3% (95% CI, 0.6%-2.6%) in African American patients (n = 341), and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1%-2.0%) in Asian American patients (n = 444), compared with 8.3% (95% CI, 3.1%-20.1%) in Ashkenazi Jewish patients (n = 41) and 2.2% (95% CI, 0.7%-6.9%) in other non-Hispanic white patients (n = 508). Prevalence was particularly high in young (<35 years) African American patients (5/30 patients [16.7%]; 95% CI, 7.1%-34.3%). 185delAG was the most common mutation in Hispanics, found in 5 of 21 carriers (24%).Among African American, Asian American, and Hispanic patients in the Northern California Breast Cancer Family Registry, the prevalence of BRCA1 mutation carriers was highest in Hispanics and lowest in Asian Americans. The higher carrier prevalence in Hispanics may reflect the presence of unrecognized Jewish ancestry in this population.
Tolbutamide Pharmacogenetics and the UGDP Controversy
Authors: Joanne Scott
Journal: JAMA (1979)

We analyzed the relationship between the pharmacogenetics of tolbutamide metabolism and the controversial University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) study. Before the institution of that study, the extent of genetic control over the variation in the rate of tolbutamide metabolism was unknown, and all subjects included in the tolbutamide treatment group were given 1,500 mg/day of tolbutamide in a fixed dosage. We addressed the hypothesis that high accrued blood levels of tolbutamide in genetically predisposed slow inactivators might have contributed to the toxic effects reported by the UGDP study. This proposal is based on recent findings from population, twin, and family studies that tolbutamide metabolism is under monogenic control, with nearly one fourth of the population classified as slow inactivators.
Frequency, determinants, and clinical implications of angiographically-visible intracoronary thrombus following primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kishore J. Harjai, Cindy L. Grines, Gregg W. Stone, Judith Boura, Harish Chandra, Mark Turco, Bruce Brodie, David Cox, Lorelei Grines, William W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Offering a Randomized Mai of Intensive Therapy for IDDM to Adolescents: Reasons for refusal, patient characteristics, and recruiter effects
Authors: Kenneth P Tercyak, Suzanne Bennett Johnson, Kimberly A Kirkpatrick, Janet H Silverstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To identify reasons adolescents refuse to participate in a randomized trial of intensive therapy (IT) for IDDM, to describe the patient characteristics of those who consent and those who refuse to participate, and to examine recruiter effects on trial participation rates. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 99 adolescents, age 11–18 years, were provided with the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and approached for possible study participation by two nurse recruiters. Adolescents refusing the trial were administered a semi-structured interview to describe reasons for study refusal; responses were recorded and later coded into categories. Patient characteristics of consenters and refusers were collected and compared. The differential enrollment rates of the two nurse recruiters were also compared. RESULTS A total of 56 patients (∼57%) agreed to participate; 43 refused. The four most common reasons for study refusal were 1) increased clinic visits (42%), 2) increased insulin injections (30%), 3) increased frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (28%), and 4) transportation difficulties (19%). Concerns about randomization to an unwanted treatment condition and fears of hypoglycemia or weight gain were rarely cited. Consenters and refusers did not differ in demographic characteristics, disease status, or family composition. Large differences were found between the two nurse recruiters: one experienced a 60% refusal rate, while the other experienced a 27% refusal rate. CONCLUSIONS Issues of convenience (increased clinic visits, transportation difficulties) and concerns about the demands of IT (increased injections and SMBG) were the predominant reasons for trial refusal. Patient characteristics did not differentiate consenters from refusers. However, recruiters differed greatly in study refusal rates, suggesting that provider behavior may be an important but understudied aspect of adolescent acceptance of randomized trials in general and IT in particular.