tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of secretion in Clara cells: studies using the isolated perfused rat lung.
Authors: G D Massaro, C M Fischman, M J Chiang, C Amado, D Massaro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that both beta-adrenergic and cholinergic agents stimulate in vivo secretion by rat bronchiolar Clara cells. Those studies also provided support for an in-series beta-adrenergic-cholinergic stimulation of secretion. To further explore the regulation of secretion in Clara cells, and to do it in the absence of systemic influences, we have used the isolated ventilated perfused rat lung. We have again used morphometry and electron microscopy to assess secretion by measuring the volume density (fraction of cell volume) of the secretory granules of bronchiolar Clara cells. We found that in the isolated perfused lung, as in the intact animal, isoproterenol stimulated secretion in Clara cells and that this effect was blocked by the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Pilocarpine, unlike its action in the intact animal, did not stimulate secretion in the isolated lung; rather it inhibited the secretory effect of isoproterenol. Increased tidal-volume ventilation stimulated secretion; propranolol did not block this effect. Analogs of cyclic (c)AMP and of cGMP also stimulated secretion by Clara cells. These findings indicate that there are at least two mechanisms by which Clara cells can be stimulated to secrete. One seems to be beta-adrenergic-cAMP mediated but the triggering event is unknown. The other is initiated by increased tidal volume and cGMP may be involved in the intracellular mediation of this stimulatory event. Finally, we found evidence of beta-adrenergic (stimulatory) -cholinergic (inhibitory antagonism in the regulation of secretion in Clara cells.
Immune response to human keratoacanthoma
Authors: G.R. FLANNERY, H.K. MULLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Immune reactivity to human keratoacanthoma was investigated by microcytotoxicity tests and immunofluorescence. IgM and complement were consistently present in lesions; IgG and fibrin were infrequent. No evidence of in vivo bound immunoglobulin was found on the surface of keratoacanthoma cells by membrane immunofluorescence. Neither patients'sera nor peripheral blood leukocytes showed significant cytotoxicity against autochthonous tumour cells in microtitre assays. This study fails to support the view that regression of human keratoacanthoma is mediated by immunological mechanisms.
New European online clinical trials register is launched
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Health professionals and the wider public will soon have access to information on every clinical trial taking place in 30 European countries. The online system, which is being managed by the London based European Medicines Agency, was launched on 22 March.

The new EU clinical trials register already contains details of 3452 trials, of which 763 involve participants under 18 years of age. The European Commission expects it to eventually hold data on around 10 000 ongoing trials on the basis that each lasts two to three years and some 4000 trials are authorised each …
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF RAISING HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL DEPENDS ON LEVELS OF ATHEROGENIC LIPIDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION AND CLINICAL EVENTS
Authors: Rishi Puri, Steven Nissen, Mingyuan Shao, Kiyoko Uno, Yu Kataoka, Samir Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Stephen Nicholls
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development.
Authors: T Khosla, R G Newcombe
Journal: BMJ (1981)

have verified in asthmatic patients.6 7In short, an important hypoxaemic effect can be induced by 32-adrenergic agonists.Previous oxygenation of the patient when his Pao2 is below 60 mm Hg can prevent this undesirable effect.This therapeutic measure is especially necessary if the patient has not received these drugs before.
Bone Tumors, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Cecil Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1979)

This is a carefully written text on the relatively uncommon primary tumors of bone. It lacks an introductory chapter with a table of classification. However, the headings for groupings of chapters accomplish the same purpose. These headings include benign and malignant bone-forming tumors, benign and malignant cartilage-forming tumors, tumors of fibrous connective tissue origin, tumors of histiocytic or fibrohistiocytic origin, Ewing's tumor, tumors of blood vessels, chordoma, malignant lymphomas and leukemias, myeloma, adamantinoma, and eosinophilic granuloma. Each chapter deals, where applicable, with the following items for any particular type of tumor: definition; synonyms; historical aspects; incidence; signs and symptoms; location; pathogenesis; age and sex distribution; roentgenographic features; pathological changes, including gross, light microscopic, and ultrastructural; therapy; and prognosis. There is an extensive and up-to-date bibliography at the end of each chapter. The illustrations are in black and white and of good quality. This is a book that provides a historical
Evaluation of thromboxane production and complement activation during myocardial ischemia in patients with angina pectoris.
Authors: G Montalescot, G Drobinski, J Maclouf, F Maillet, J Salloum, A Ankri, M Kazatchkine, L Eugène, D Thomas, Y Grosgogeat
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The complement system and arachidonic acid metabolites are involved in severe myocardial ischemia such as myocardial infarction. Furthermore, there is experimental evidence for C5a participation in thromboxane production. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined whether C5a and thromboxane are produced during brief and reversible episodes of myocardial ischemia induced in patients with stable angina. Twenty-five patients underwent either atrial pacing or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty associated with arterial and coronary sinus blood sampling. Rapid atrial stimulation of patients with effort angina caused significant ST segment depression (delta ST = -1.7 +/- 0.2 mm), decreased fractional lactate extraction (from +12.8 +/- 2.5% baseline to -13.7 +/- 4.6% at peak ischemia, n = 13, p less than 0.001), and increased coronary sinus plasma thromboxane B2 levels (from 345 +/- 85 pg/ml baseline to 1,684 +/- 64 pg/ml at peak ischemia, p less than 0.01). Changes of fractional lactate extraction correlated significantly with changes of coronary sinus plasma levels of thromboxane B2. There was no change of coronary sinus 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels. Similar pacing of control subjects (n = 6) did not cause release of lactate or thromboxane. Seventeen other patients underwent exercise testing with noninvasive measurements of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in urinary samples collected before and after the test. No detectable increase of urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 was measured in patients with stable angina after exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. However, basal 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels were significantly higher in patients with angina (105 +/- 25 pg/mmol creatinine, n = 9) than in control patients (45 +/- 8 pg/mmol creatinine, n = 8, p less than 0.05 between groups). Coronary sinus plasma levels of the anaphylatoxin C5a always remained below 4 ng/ml in patients undergoing pacing. More severe myocardial ischemia after coronary angioplasty (percent lactate extraction decreased from +24.8 +/- 2.7% baseline to -41.6 +/- 22.4% at peak ischemia, p less than 0.05) was not associated with C3a or C5b-9 generation. In all patients, there was neither platelet sequestration nor platelet alpha-granule release (no changes of beta-thromboglobulin/platelet factor 4 levels) into the coronary sinus plasma. CONCLUSIONS Patients with stable angina have chronically increased thromboxane synthesis as assessed by excretion of urinary metabolites. Thromboxane is acutely released into the coronary sinus during pacing-induced ischemia without significant intracoronary platelet aggregation. Complement does not appear to be activated in stable angina during brief and reversible episodes of myocardial ischemia and does not contribute to thromboxane production.
England's chlamydia screening programme is inefficient and fragmented, MPs say
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The government’s chlamydia testing programme in England has been inefficient, and the efforts of primary care trusts to run it have been duplicated unnecessarily, the public spending watchdog has found.

Edward Leigh, chairman of the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, which carried out the analysis, criticised the Department of Health for leaving primary care trusts to organise the buying and commissioning of services and equipment needed to run the testing programme at a local level.

“This hands-off approach led to duplication of effort and inefficiency. And the DH [Department of Health] did not know how much the PCTs [primary care trusts] were …
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NEURALGIA RELIEVED BY OPERATION
Authors: Dean H. Echols
Journal: JAMA (1934)

True neuralgia of the superior laryngeal nerve is a distinct clinical entity comparable to trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. It is characterized by paroxysms of unilateral, lancinating pain, which radiates from the side of the thyroid cartilage to the angle of the jaw and sometimes to the ear. There is a trigger zone at the plica of the nerve in the pyriform sinus. The pain is ordinarily initiated by swallowing but can be produced by touching the trigger zone with a probe. The other objective finding is a pressure point on the skin surface just above and lateral to the thyroid cartilage, where the sensory branch of the nerve pierces the hyothyroid membrane. Between the seizures, which may last from a few seconds to a minute, the patient is free from discomfort. As in other cranial nerve neuralgias, the attacks usually appear after middle age and increase in frequency and intensity.
Doctors rank myocardial infarction as most “prestigious” disease and fibromyalgia as least
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Fibromyalgia and anxiety neurosis are the illnesses with the lowest prestige among doctors, according to a survey of Norwegian doctors.

The survey found that heart attacks top the prestige league, closely followed by leukaemia, and that neurosurgery is regarded as the most prestigious specialty ( Social Science & Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.07.003).

“Results show that there exists a prestige rank order of diseases as well as of specialties in the medical community,” write the authors. “Our interpretation of the data is that diseases and specialties associated …
THE X-RAY TREATMENT OF ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: H. C. Semon
Journal: BMJ (1920)

TREAT T OF ACNE VULGARIS._ --of cases for the first twelve or twenty-four hours after operations.It must be most harrowing for childreni to watch others go through the process of "coning round"" from an anaesthetic, and a most undlesirable prelimiinary to a subsequent operation on themselves.-Adolescenzts and .4dAilts.-Nospecial wards are indicated for tlhese.The girls and boys are in distinct sides of the hospital, so that adults could be accommodated in one end of the ordinary wards.Payigq Patients.-Similarlylno wards are indicated.Small bun,galows in suitable positions could be provided. Edutcation.Regulations as to education in hospital-schools are laid down by the Board of Education.In this plan no design of tlle sclloolrooms is indicated, but positions are suggested.
Terbutaline controlled‐release tablets and ipratropium aerosol in nocturnal asthma
Authors: R. Tammivaara, J. Elo, L. Mansury
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The effect of oral terbutaline (controlled‐release [CR] tablets) was compared with that of inhaled ipratropium bromide (aerosol) in 21 patients with nocturnal asthma. In a randomized, double‐blind, crossover study, 40 μg four times daily, and the two drugs in combination. Each treatment was given for 3 weeks. Before the start of the study, the patients participated in a 1‐week run‐in period. The mean nocturnal decline in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was 29% in the run‐in period and was reduced to 22% in the terbutaline CR period, 27% in the ipratropium period, and 23% in the period with the combination of the two drugs. The mean night PEFR was significantly ( P &lt;0.05) higher in the period with terbutaline CR, as compared with the period with ipratropium. The mean morning PEFR was also highest in the terbutaline CR period. The mean evening PEFR was significantly ( P &lt; 0.05) higher during treatment with terbutaline CR alone or the combination was preferred by as many patients as was treatment with ipratropium alone. When present, adverse reactions were to be milk or moderate. Treatment with terbutaline CR alone and the combination significantly improved the evening and night PEFR, as compared with ipratropium alone.
Diagnosis and management of the first reported case of esophageal, gastric, and small-bowel heterotopia in the colon, using confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: K. Venkatesh, M. Cohen, A. Akobeng, D. Ashok, A. Abou-Taleb, C. Evans, K. Howarth, C. Taylor, M. Thomson
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 12-year-old boy was referred to our department with a history of diarrhea persisting since the age of 2 months. The stool frequency was 5 – 20 times a day without any associated blood or mucus. Extensive investigations failed to reveal a cause. However, at 7 years of age and following endoscopy and further histology, a diagnosis of esophageal, gastric, and small-bowel heterotopia in the colon was made ([Fig. 1 a] and [1 c]). Immunostaining for Cdx2 was positive in the normal colonic mucosa ([Fig. 2 a]) and the heterotopic small-bowel mucosa ([Fig. 2 b]) and negative in the heterotopic gastric and esophageal mucosa ([Fig. 2 a]).
Drug-Induced Evans Syndrome
Authors: Yi-Kong Keung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 February 1998Drug-Induced Evans SyndromeYi-Kong Keung, MD, Maria-Claudia Mallarino, MD, and Everado Cobos, MDYi-Kong Keung, MDTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Lubbock, TX 79430Search for more papers by this author, Maria-Claudia Mallarino, MDTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Lubbock, TX 79430Search for more papers by this author, and Everado Cobos, MDTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Lubbock, TX 79430Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-4-199802150-00040 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Drug-induced syndrome is very rare; only one case has been reported [1]. We describe another case.A 69-year-old woman was admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Her current medications included labetolol, amlodipine, warfarin, dypyridamole, and ramipril. Ramipril therapy had been introduced about 3 weeks before admission. Results of physical examination were normal except for skin bruises. The leukocyte count was 9800 cells/mm3, the hemoglobin level was 10.7 g/dL, and the platelet count was 3000 cells/mm3 (14% eosinophils and no platelet clumping or schistocytes). Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, and fibrinogen degradation product level were all ...References1. de Quiros JF, Pinto V, Hevia S, Vigon R. Immune complex-mediated hemolytic anaemia and Evans syndrome induced by diclofenac. Vox Sanguinis. 1997; 72:121-3. Google Scholar2. Hess E. Drug-induced lupus. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318:1460-2. Google Scholar3. Yung RL, Richardson BC. Drug-induced lupus. Rheumatol Dis Clin North Am. 1994; 20:61-86. Google Scholar4. Reeves WH, Satoh M, Wang J, Chou CH, Ajmani AK. Antibodies to DNA, DNA-binding proteins, and histones. Rheumatol Dis Clin North Am. 1994; 20:1-28. Google Scholar5. Rich MW. Drug-induced lupus: the list of culprits grows. Postgrad Med. 1996; 100:299-302, 307-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center; Lubbock, TX 79430 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrugs and autoimmunity – A contemporary review and mechanistic approachEvans syndrome: a study of six cases with review of literatureLes lupus induits par les médicamentsEtiology and mechanisms of drug-induced lupusRamipril 15 February 1998Volume 128, Issue 4Page: 327KeywordsDrug therapyDrugsFibrinogenHemorrhagePartial thromboplastin timePlateletsProthrombin timeSerum proteinsSteroid therapyUrine Issue Published: 15 February 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Chronic Virus Infection Enforces Demethylation of the Locus that Encodes PD-1 in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Benjamin Alan Youngblood, Kenneth J. Oestreich, Sang-Jun Ha, Jaikumar Duraiswamy, Rama Akondy, Erin E. West, Zhengyu Wei, Peiyuan Lu, James W. Austin, James L. Riley, Jeremy Boss, Rafi Ahmed
Journal: Immunity (2011)
“Default” versus “pre-atopic” IgG responses to foodborne and airborne pathogenesis-related group 10 protein molecules in birch-sensitized and nonatopic children
Authors: Stephanie Hofmaier, Laura Hatzler, Alexander Rohrbach, Valentina Panetta, Dani Hakimeh, Carl Peter Bauer, Ute Hoffman, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Antje Schuster, Philippe Stock, Ulrich Wahn, Thomas Keil, Susanne Lau, Paolo Maria Matricardi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Versatile cationic lipids for siRNA delivery
Authors: Jeff Sparks, Gregory Slobodkin, Majed Matar, Richard Congo, David Ulkoski, Angela Rea-Ramsey, Casey Pence, Jennifer Rice, Diane McClure, Kevin J. Polach, Elaine Brunhoeber, Leslie Wilkinson, Kirby Wallace, Khursheed Anwer, Jason G. Fewell
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Highlights of the 1990 EDUCATION ISSUE
Authors: Anne E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Eighty-nine years ago<i>JAMA</i>first published an EDUCATION ISSUE to call attention to the need for improvement in medical education in the United States. That tradition is continued in the editorial in the 1990 Education issue, which addresses the current concern about the outcome (or product) of US medical education. Dr Martini argues for outcome evaluation measures as an important step in assessing the educational effectiveness of medical education programs. <h3>Medical School Enrollment</h3> The number of applicants to US schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education for the 1989-1990 academic year increased for the first time since 1985. Of the 26 915 applicants, 16 975 students were accepted by at least one school for enrollment in the fall of 1989. The number of medical students who actually enrolled in the first year equaled 16 749. The percentage of "A" students entering has decreased, but the average Medical College
Feedforward control of coronary blood flow via coronary beta-receptor stimulation.
Authors: J K Miyashiro, E O Feigl
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

It is usually assumed that the increase in coronary blood flow observed with norepinephrine occurs through local metabolic vasodilation secondary to cardiac beta-receptor activation. However, direct feedforward beta-receptor-mediated coronary vasodilation is also a possibility. In dogs with alpha-receptor blockade, the left circumflex artery was perfused at constant pressure. The vasodilator effect of intracoronary norepinephrine injections was determined during prolonged diastoles to avoid the chronotropic and intropic effects of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine caused a dose-dependent increase in coronary blood flow that was attenuated by both the selective beta 1-antagonist practolol and the selective beta 2-antagonist ICI 118,551. These data indicate that norepinephrine activates beta 1- and beta 2-receptors in coronary resistance vessels to cause vasodilation independent of inotropic and chronotropic effects. The physiological significance of coronary beta-receptor-mediated vasodilation was investigated in the beating heart. The coronary blood flow response and coronary venous oxygen tension response were compared when myocardial oxygen consumption was increased over the same range by one of three positive inotropic interventions: (1) norepinephrine, (2) paired-pulse stimulation, or (3) norepinephrine after alpha-blockade. During norepinephrine infusion (intervention 1), coronary venous oxygen tension decreased, indicating that the match between myocardial oxygen consumption and oxygen delivery is not maintained when coronary blood flow is controlled by alpha- and beta-receptors in addition to local metabolic factors. Paired-pulse stimulation (intervention 2) also resulted in a decrease in coronary venous oxygen tension, demonstrating that the balance between oxygen consumption and delivery is not maintained when blood flow is controlled by local metabolic factors alone. However, when coronary beta-receptor-mediated vasodilation was unmasked by alpha-blockade, norepinephrine infusion (intervention 3) produced no change in coronary venous oxygen tension. Therefore, coronary beta-receptor vasodilation helps maintain the balance between flow and metabolism in a feedforward manner in the beating heart.
265 EFFECT OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL ON GALLBLADDER BILE LITHOGENICITY AND GENE EXPRESSION IN THE ENTEROHEPATIC AXIS OF NON-OBESE GALLSTONE AND CONTROL WOMEN
Authors: J.F. Miquel, F. Pimentel, F. Lammert, D. Lütjohann, L. Azocar, H. Molina, A. Cuevas, S. Reyes, M. Arrese, F. Nervi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in prevention of hospital admissions for rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children in Belgium: case-control study
Authors: T. Braeckman, K. Van Herck, N. Meyer, J.-Y. Pircon, M. Soriano-Gabarro, E. Heylen, M. Zeller, M. Azou, H. Capiau, J. De Koster, A.-S. Maernoudt, M. Raes, L. Verdonck, M. Verghote, A. Vergison, J. Matthijnssens, M. Van Ranst, P. Van Damme
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination among young children in Belgium. <b>Design</b> Prospective case-control study. <b>Setting</b> Random sample of 39 Belgian hospitals, February 2008 to June 2010. <b>Participants</b> 215 children admitted to hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 276 age and hospital matched controls. All children were of an eligible age to have received rotavirus vaccination (that is, born after 1 October 2006 and aged ≥14 weeks). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Vaccination status of children admitted to hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis and matched controls. <b>Results</b> 99 children (48%) admitted with rotavirus gastroenteritis and 244 (91%) controls had received at least one dose of any rotavirus vaccine (P&lt;0.001). The monovalent rotavirus vaccine accounted for 92% (n=594) of all rotavirus vaccine doses. With hospital admission as the outcome, the unadjusted effectiveness of two doses of the monovalent rotavirus vaccine was 90% (95% confidence interval 81% to 95%) overall, 91% (75% to 97%) in children aged 3-11 months, and 90% (76% to 96%) in those aged ≥12 months. The G2P[4] genotype accounted for 52% of cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with eligible matched controls. Vaccine effectiveness was 85% (64% to 94%) against G2P[4] and 95% (78% to 99%) against G1P[8]. In 25% of cases confirmed by polymerase chain reaction with eligible matched controls, there was reported co-infection with adenovirus, astrovirus and/or norovirus. Vaccine effectiveness against co-infected cases was 86% (52% to 96%). Effectiveness of at least one dose of any rotavirus vaccine (intention to vaccinate analysis) was 91% (82% to 95%). <b>Conclusions</b> Rotavirus vaccination is effective for the prevention of admission to hospital for rotavirus gastroenteritis among young children in Belgium, despite the high prevalence of G2P[4] and viral co-infection.