tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic Elastase-1 in Stools, a Marker of Exocrine Pancreas Function, Correlates With Both Residual β-Cell Secretion and Metabolic Control in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Franco Cavalot, Katia Bonomo, Paolo Perna, Elisa Bacillo, Paola Salacone, Monica Gallo, Luigi Mattiello, Mariella Trovati, Ezio Gaia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Strong relationships exist between endocrine and exocrine pancreas via the islet-acinar portal system, which allows the modulation of pancreatic acinar cells by endopancreatic hormones. In particular, insulin stimulates pancreatic protein synthesis, increases amylase protein and mRNA content, and enhances both pancreatic secretory response to colecystokinin and colecystokinin receptors (1).

In type 1 diabetic patients, a reduction of pancreas function correlating with residual β-cell secretion was described ∼25 years ago with invasive tests (2). An easier evaluation of pancreatic function is now made possible with pancreatic elastase-1 (PE-1) dosage in stools, which shows good correlation with the gold standard of the secretin-cerulein test, is simple to perform, and has an acceptable cost (3,4). In type 1 diabetes, low PE-1 concentrations in stools correlate to poor blood glucose control (5,6). It is not known whether PE-1 correlates to residual β-cell function, which deeply influences metabolic control.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of PE-1 in stools with both residual β-cell function and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients.

We studied 37 consecutive type 1 diabetic patients and performed follow-up at the outpatient clinic of our diabetes unit (16 men and 21 women, aged 34 ± 2 years [mean ± SE]). Diabetes duration was 10.4 ± 1.3 years, BMI 23.9 ± 0.6 kg/m2, caloric intake 2,047 ± 71 kcal/day, fasting plasma glucose 8.76 ± 0.40 mmol/l, C-peptide (radioimmunoassay kit; Adaltis Italia, Bologna, Italy) 0.30 ± 0.07 ng/ml, and HbA1c (high-performance liquid chromatography method, Variant II; BioRad, Milan, Italy) 8.1 ± 0.24%. A total of 20 healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, BMI, and daily caloric intake, were used as control subjects (Table 1). Patients were on steady metabolic control, presented a stable body weight in the previous 6 months, did …
Effect of pay for performance on the management and outcomes of hypertension in the United Kingdom: interrupted time series study
Authors: B. Serumaga, D. Ross-Degnan, A. J. Avery, R. A. Elliott, S. R. Majumdar, F. Zhang, S. B. Soumerai
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the impact of a pay for performance incentive on quality of care and outcomes among UK patients with hypertension in primary care. <b>Design</b> Interrupted time series. <b>Setting</b> The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database, United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> 470 725 patients with hypertension diagnosed between January 2000 and August 2007. <b>Intervention</b> The UK pay for performance incentive (the Quality and Outcomes Framework), which was implemented in April 2004 and included specific targets for general practitioners to show high quality care for patients with hypertension (and other diseases). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Centiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressures over time, rates of blood pressure monitoring, blood pressure control, and treatment intensity at monthly intervals for baseline (48 months) and 36 months after the implementation of pay for performance. Cumulative incidence of major hypertension related outcomes and all cause mortality for subgroups of newly treated (treatment started six months before pay for performance) and treatment experienced (started treatment in year before January 2001) patients to examine different stages of illness. <b>Results</b> After accounting for secular trends, no changes in blood pressure monitoring (level change 0.85, 95% confidence interval −3.04 to 4.74, P=0.669 and trend change −0.01, −0.24 to 0.21, P=0.615), control (−1.19, −2.06 to 1.09, P=0.109 and −0.01, −0.06 to 0.03, P=0.569), or treatment intensity (0.67, −1.27 to 2.81, P=0.412 and 0.02, −0.23 to 0.19, P=0.706) were attributable to pay for performance. Pay for performance had no effect on the cumulative incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, heart failure, or all cause mortality in both treatment experienced and newly treated subgroups. <b>Conclusions</b> Good quality of care for hypertension was stable or improving before pay for performance was introduced. Pay for performance had no discernible effects on processes of care or on hypertension related clinical outcomes. Generous financial incentives, as designed in the UK pay for performance policy, may not be sufficient to improve quality of care and outcomes for hypertension and other common chronic conditions.
The Use of Metronidazole in the Treatment of Alcoholism: A Pilot Study
Authors: J. MARTIN SEMER, PHILIP FRIEDLAND, MAURICE VAISBERG, ALVIN GREENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

In summary we can note that metronidazole in divided doses of from 500 to 750 mg. daily appears to consistently produce a marked aversion toward the ingestion of alcohol within two weeks in those well motivated in their desire to stop drinking. It is nontoxic and has a wide margin of safety. Hence, it holds forth great promise. Further clinical studies are in order to appraise and delineate its value in the problem of alcoholism. We plan to continue and extend the present studies, utilizing a comparison group of alcoholics treated by means other than metronidazole.
STAT3 is essential for Hodgkin lymphoma cell proliferation and is a target of tyrphostin AG17 which confers sensitization for apoptosis
Authors: U Holtick, M Vockerodt, D Pinkert, N Schoof, B Stürzenhofecker, N Kussebi, K Lauber, S Wesselborg, D Löffler, F Horn, L Trümper, D Kube
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Basic Contributions to Medicine by Research in Genetics
Authors: C. Nash Herndon
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE DISCIPLINE of medical genetics is a relative newcomer among the basic medical sciences. While clinicians have spoken of certain diseases as being hereditary or familial since the time of Hippocrates, this knowledge remained empiric and fragmentary until the science of genetics began to develop during the early decades of the twentieth century. Sir Archibald Garrod, in his lectures<sup>1</sup>to the Royal College of Physicians in 1908 under the title of "inborn errors of metabolism," coined a new medical phrase and demonstrated the applicability of the general principles of genetics to human disease. Sir Archibald discussed 4 inherited metabolic defects. Some measure of the progress of half a century may be offered by the fact that we now have at least some knowledge of the metabolic abnormalities underlying more than 300 hereditary diseases. The acquisition of new knowledge in medical genetics proceeded at a relatively slow pace during
Identification of novel transcripts with differential dorso-ventral expression in Xenopus gastrula using serial analysis of gene expression
Authors: Fernando Faunes, Natalia Sánchez, Javier Castellanos, Ismael A Vergara, Francisco Melo, Juan Larraín
Journal: Genome biology (2009)

Abstract Background Recent evidence from global studies of gene expression indicates that transcriptomes are more complex than expected. Xenopus has been typically used as a model organism to study early embryonic development, particularly dorso-ventral patterning. In order to identify novel transcripts involved in dorso-ventral patterning, we compared dorsal and ventral transcriptomes of Xenopus tropicalis at the gastrula stage using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Results Of the experimental tags, 54.5% were confidently mapped to transcripts and 125 showed a significant difference in their frequency of occurrence between dorsal and ventral libraries. We selected 20 differentially expressed tags and assigned them to specific transcripts using bioinformatics and reverse SAGE. Five mapped to transcripts with known dorso-ventral expression and the frequency of appearance for these tags in each library is in agreement with the expression described by other methods. The other 15 tags mapped to transcripts with no previously described asymmetric expression along the dorso-ventral axis. The differential expression of ten of these novel transcripts was validated by in situ hybridization and/or RT-PCR. We can estimate that this SAGE experiment provides a list of at least 86 novel transcripts with differential expression along the dorso-ventral axis. Interestingly, the expression of some novel transcripts was independent of β-catenin. Conclusions Our SAGE analysis provides a list of novel transcripts with differential expression in the dorso-ventral axis and a large number of orphan tags that can be used to identify novel transcripts and to improve the current annotation of the X. tropicalis genome.
Cochrane reviews will be in Medline
Authors: M. Clarke, A. Oxman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Erny and Maradit-Kremers (and the editor in his reply to their letter) note some difficulties caused by the fact that Cochrane reviews are not indexed in Medline.1 This has made it difficult for people to identify these maintained systematic reviews and to keep track of them. We agree that this is a problem for anyone wishing to have access to up to date …
Comparative trial of Co-trimoxazole and Chloramphenicol in Typhoid Fever
Authors: H. V. Sardesai, R. S. Karandikar, R. G. Harshe
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A comparative trial of co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol was conducted in two groups of 50 patients each to try to resolve conflicting opinions on the relative merits of the two drugs in the treatment of typhoid fever. We conclude that in our part of India co-trimoxazole is superior to chloramphenicol and that differences in our findings to those of others may perhaps be accounted for by differences in strains of Salmonella typhi, ethnic differences, and possibly differences in herd immunity to typhoid.
ON THE CONCENTRATION OF 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE IN MAMMALIAN ENTEROCHROMAFFIN CELLS AND ITS RELEASE BY RESERPINE
Authors: Earl P. Benditt, Ruth L. Wong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The enterochromaffin cells of the guinea pig duodenum and 5-hydroxytryptamine incorporated into gelatin models gave, after formalin fixation, nearly identical reactions with methenamine silver, ferric-ferricyanide, and diazotized o-aminoazotoluene. Following formaldehyde fixation the indole reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde was negative in tissue enterochromaffin cells; similarly the indole reaction was negative after formaldehyde fixation of gelatin models. In the duodenum of the guinea pig 5-hydroxytryptamine appears to be largely, if not entirely, contained in the enterochromaffin cells. Its intracellular concentration estimated from relative cell volume and assay of concentration in the whole tissue, was not less than 5 mg./gm. of cells, and as judged by the intensity of staining reaction may have been as high as 10 to 20 mg./gm. of cells. Reserpine administered parenterally caused release of the chromogenic material of duodenal enterochromaffin cells and a parallel reduction in the amount of extractable 5-hydroxytryptamine.
COLONIC ABSORPTION OF SECONDARY BILE-ACIDS IN PATIENTS WITH ADENOMATOUS POLYPS AND IN MATCHED CONTROLS
Authors: S.D.J. Van Der Werf, F.M. Nagengast, G.P. Van Berge Henegouwen, A.W.M. Huijbregts, J.H.M. Van Tongeren
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Psychological Aspects of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Ruth Andrea Seeler
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This is a definitive text with 22 coauthors (one a patient) that brings together much significant work, which has been scattered throughout numerous journals not usually read by the physician. The various chapter bibliographies indicate the paucity of data published in medical journals. Thus, the pediatric hematology-oncology specialist who heads the therapeutic team has seen the merest tip of the iceberg dealing with the subject. Malignancy in childhood is a chronic illness of uncertain outcome, with an extremely emotional impact on patient, parents, siblings, and friends. In contrast to other chronic illnesses, the exacerbations usually mean that death is closer. Survivors are psychologically marked forever, even when there are no physical abnormalities as the result of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This book is for the living (only one chapter deals with dying, the dying child at home), something with which many physicians are uneasy. A broad spectrum of topics is
Stratum corneum TARC level is a new indicator of lesional skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis
Authors: E. Morita, H. Takahashi, H. Niihara, I. Dekio, Y. Sumikawa, Y. Murakami, H. Matsunaka
Journal: Allergy (2010)

To cite this article: Morita E, Takahashi H, Niihara H, Dekio I, Sumikawa Y, Murakami Y, Matsunaka H. Stratum corneum TARC level is a new indicator of lesional skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2010; 65 : 1166–1172. Abstract Background: Management of atopic dermatitis (AD) requires judging the symptoms of local skin lesions and prescribing a suitable treatment. However, no method has been established in which objective measures can be used to evaluate the severity of local symptoms. We established a method for measuring thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) levels in the stratum corneum (scTARC), and examined whether the scTARC can be used as an indicator of the severity of local skin lesions in patients with AD. Methods: Stratum corneum was obtained from patients with AD by tape‐stripping, and scTARC was evaluated using a TARC‐specific antibody followed by image analysis. The scTARC was examined to determine correlation with the severity of local skin lesions (the severity of erythema, edema/papule, oozing/crusts, excoriations, lichenification, and xerosis) as well as with the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index, serum TARC level, serum IgE level, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, interleukin (IL)‐4‐producing T cell ratio (Th2 cell ratio), and blood eosinophil count. Results: The scTARC was correlated with the severity of local skin lesions, especially with the erythema, edema/papule, and oozing/crusts score. The scTARC in the most severe lesions was also correlated with the SCORAD index, serum TARC level, serum IgE level, and blood eosinophil count. The scTARC was not, however, correlated with the serum LDH level and Th2 cell ratio. Conclusion: An immunofluorescent technique combined with tape‐stripping was used to measure scTARC. The scTARC can be used as an indicator of the severity of local acute inflammation in patients with AD.
India cuts health budget by 20%
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

India, which already has one of the lowest health expenditures in the world, is reportedly making cuts of almost 20% in its 2014-15 healthcare budget.

A cut of over 60 billion Indian rupees (£610m; €786m; $948m) has been made from the total budget allocation of 351.63 billion Indian rupees for health and family welfare covering the financial year ending on 31 March, two health ministry officials told the Reuters news agency.1

The …
CARDIAC DISEASE AND OCCUPATION
Authors: R. O. Moon
Journal: BMJ (1922)

CARDIAC DISEASE AND OCOUPATION.- rim B"IEwJ 795 2.Where there-are lesions due to such states, healing does not commence until the ionic calcium of the blood approximates to the normal figure.3. By parathyroid therapy it is possible to rectify the calcium balance of the blood much more effectively than .by the injection of calcium salts.4. The therapeutic use of parathyroid substance in the cases described is essentially physiological.It does not appear to act specifically against any one organism, norany one toxin.Its action is to place the tissues of the patient under conditions more suitable for the perform- ance of their normal functions, and for combating the effects of toxic processes;
The Risk of Fractures Associated with Thiazolidinediones: A Self-controlled Case-Series Study
Authors: Ian J. Douglas, Stephen J. Evans, Stuart Pocock, Liam Smeeth
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

The results of clinical trials have suggested that the thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are associated with an increased risk of fractures, but such studies had limited power. The increased risk in these trials appeared to be limited to women and mainly involved fractures of the arm, wrist, hand, or foot: risk patterns that could not be readily explained. Our objective was to further investigate the risk of fracture associated with thiazolidinedione use.The self-controlled case-series design was used to compare rates of fracture during thiazolidinedione exposed and unexposed periods and thus estimate within-person rate ratios. We used anonymised primary care data from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database (GPRD). All patients aged 40 y or older with a recorded fracture and at least one prescription for a thiazolidinedione were included (n = 1,819). We found a within-person rate ratio of 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-1.62) for fracture at any site comparing exposed with unexposed periods among patients prescribed any thiazolidinedione. This association was similar in men and women and in patients treated with either rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. The increased risk was also evident at a range of fracture sites, including hip, spine, arm, foot, wrist, or hand. The risk increased with increasing duration of thiazolidinedione exposure: rate ratio 2.00 (95% CI 1.48-2.70) for 4 y or more of exposure.Within individuals who experience a fracture, fracture risk is increased during periods of exposure to thiazolidinediones (both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) compared with unexposed periods. The increased risk is observed in both men and women and at a range of fracture sites. The risk also increases with longer duration of use.
Organisation of vascular surgical services: evolution or revolution?
Authors: J A Michaels, R B Galland, P J Morris
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The trend towards subspecialisation in hospital services is likely to lead to the development of vascular surgery as a separate specialty.If vascular surgery is to emerge as a high quality service then vascular emergencies-a substantial component of the workload-should be dealt with by surgeons with adequate trining, and all patients should have equal access to the service.A specialist vascular surgical unit would have to be large enough to make efficient use ofother services that it needs, such as radiology, and so may require the amalgamation of smaller health district units.Because of the differing local degrees of subspecialisaton, national or regional strategies for vascular surgery must be developed.
Ye olde antismoking lobby
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We tend to forget what it is to be young and to wish to appear older than we are. Every time, therefore, that I pass the bus stop nearest my house and see a pale youth loitering there, lighting the cigarette by means of which he hopes to persuade the world that he is both tough and fully adult, I want to snatch the wretched thing from his grasp and upbraid him for his foolishness. I never do, of course.

Perhaps I should simply put into his hand Dr Tobias Venner’s tract, first published in 1623 and then again in 1650 and 1660, entitled A Brief and Accurate Treatise Concerning …
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>Deficiency and Folate
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mitochondrial oxidant stress in locus coeruleus is regulated by activity and nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Javier Sanchez-Padilla, Jaime N Guzman, Ema Ilijic, Jyothisri Kondapalli, Daniel J Galtieri, Ben Yang, Simon Schieber, Wolfgang Oertel, David Wokosin, Paul T Schumacker, D James Surmeier
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Angio-oedema and urticaria associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.
Authors: S M Wood, R D Mann, M D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Angio-oedema and urticaria associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorsMany drugs have been reported to cause angio-oedema and urticaria, conditions that often coexist.'We reviewed reports to the Committee on Safety of Medicines of such reactions that occurred with the two angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors captopril and enalapril. Methods and resultsAll reports from the United Kingdom of suspected adverse reactions to captopril and enalapril received by the Committee on Safety of Medicines from the dates they were first sold (May 1981 and January 1985, respectively) up to January 1986 were examined.Enalapril-Thirteen patients developed angio-oedema (table ); one also developed urticaria.The reaction occurred after the first dose in six patients and within five days in the remainder.No formal rechallenge tests were described though the reaction occurred acutely after each of two doses taken by one patient.Angio-oedema resolved within one to two days after the drug was stopped in 12 patients; two patients were treated with steroids.Urticaria alone was reported in seven patients (four men) aged 46-80 (mean 59) after daily doses of 5-20 mg.Four patients had hypertension, and three with heart failure received con- comitant diuretic treatment.The reaction occurred after the first dose in one patient, within four days in three, and within 10, 14, and 16 days in the remainder.Drug withdrawal resulted in the resolution of signs in all patients within one to seven days.Captopril-Six patients developed angio-oedema (table ); three also developed urticaria.The reaction occurred two to 28 days after treatment started and resolved within one to four days after drug withdrawal in four patients.The outcome in the two other patients was unknown.Urticaria alone was reported in 17 patients (14 women) aged 53-78 (mean 64).Fifteen were being treated for hypertension and two for heart failure, with daily doses of 25-150 mg.The reaction occurred one hour after the first dose in one, after three days in two, and after 8-60 (mean 31) days in the remaining patients.The signs resolved within six days after drug withdrawal in 16 patients but persisted for two to four weeks after treatment was stopped in two others.A positive result ofrechallenge was reported for two patients.6 46 F 75 Severe hypertension None given Frusemide Facial oedema and severe urticarial rash 13 Days *Patients participating in Merck Sharp and Dohme postmarketing surveillance study.
Fibrin Degradation Products in Sera of Women with Normal Menstruation and Menorrhagia
Authors: H. K. Basu
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Serum concentrations of fibrin degradation products were found to be higher during menstruation than in the intermenstrual phase. Higher concentrations were present in cases of menorrhagia as compared with healthy women and women with various gynaecological disorders but with normal menstrual function. Higher serum concentrations of fibrin degradation products in cases of menorrhagia may indicate increased local fibrinolytic activity in the uterus.