tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Unusual complication of use of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube.
Authors: C J Hawkey, N R Peden
Journal: BMJ (1974)

eventufally lead to a backlash which will destroy confidence and the necessary need for vigilance and referral of suspected cases of the syndrome.From its nature, this confidence can be built up only slowly, after years of painstaking work, but will be rapidly lost by a few injustices.-Iam, etc.,
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Saul S. Radovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract Medical societies, despite disregard by their members, are becoming more necessary. The Massachusetts Medical Society exemplifies the growth of such bodies and the problems they face. It began as a small, elite group, but evolved a useful democratic structure that compares favorably to most other state societies and the AMA. Some of the problems it must face include the need for generally available, adequate health care, for new systems of health care, and for continuing adequate performance by doctors, as well as the rise of the consumer, the expansion of governmental health activities and controls and increasing outside regulation of doctors' fees. It might elect officers more democratically, and it could involve more members in its affairs. Its committee structure should be overhauled, and certain unpaid officers and committees should probably be compensated. Political action should be confined to issues rather than candidates.
Behavior Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Steven Spector
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— The efficacy of behavior modification in the treatment of anorexia nervosa has been recently questioned and attacked as a longterm treatment modality in this principally female-adolescent eating disorder.Feinstein (228:1230, 1974) in a LETTER TO THE EDITOR pointed out the inherent dangers of using behavior modification with anorectic patients. His review of two behavioral studies1,2 contained no follow-up studies after hospitalization, nor were studies of this nature even proposed. Hilde Bruch, long recognized as an authority in the treatment of eating disorders, reported in The Journal (230:1419, 1974) the results of behavior modification in nine patients. Each patient came to Dr. Bruch's attention because of a crisis situation such as suicidal gestures, sleep disturbances, self-induced vomiting, and eating binges—and all these were patients who had been treated by behavior modification. Moreover, although all patients gained weight with behavior therapy, this weight was lost soon after discharge
TCT-501 Impact of Adjunctive Thrombectomy on Myocardial Perfusion in Patients undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Jae-Sik Jang, Tae-Jin Kim, Jae-Kyun Kim, Doo-Il Kim, Kyu-Nam Choi, Han-Young Jin, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Dong-Soo Kim, Jeong-Sook Seo, Tae-Hyun Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
RESULTS OBTAINED IN THE NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE JOINTS
Authors: H. WINNETT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The reasons for and against the surgical treatment of joint tuberculosis have been ably presented and discussed by many good writers on the subject. Perhaps the whole argument on the operative treatment of joint tuberculosis is as well presented in the recent work of Goldthwait, Painter and Osgood,<sup>1</sup>as anywhere in recent literature. hereinterpret their attitude on thterpret their it is that we are and should be drifting away from the tendency to operate in these cases in adults as well as in children, but that in selected cases operation may still be considered to be admissible for a variety of reasons, five of which are set forth as being worthy of consideration in connection with radical surgical treatment. Of the five all are held to be invalid under most circumstances. With the views set forth by Goldthwait, Painter and Osgood in this work it is my pleasure to agree most heartily. Their conclusions are at the same time scientific and sensible. It is my purpose,
Effectiveness of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Choledocholithiasis Prior to Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: C. S. Shim, J. H. Joo, C. W. Park, Y. S. Kim, J. S. Lee, M. S. Lee, S. G. Hwang
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

To reduce the rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy, and to avoid retained bile duct stones, it is essential to detect choledocholithiasis prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness and safety of performing endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.One hundred thirty-two patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis were evaluated prospectively using standard abdominal ultrasonography (US), US plus EUS, and US plus endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) for the detection of choledocholithiasis prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Twenty-eight patients (21.2%) had choledocholithiasis, and six patients with common bile duct stones had normal-sized ducts on US. The common bile duct was successfully examined in all patients using EUS, but only in 65.9% of patients when US was used and 94.7% of patients when ERC was used. US plus EUS detected choledocholithiasis in 25 of 28 patients (89.3%), US in 19 of 28 patients (67.9%), and US plus ERC in 26 of 28 patients (92.9%). While no complications as a result of EUS were encountered, complications resulting from ERC occurred in seven patients (5.3%), including cholecystitis in two patients, cholangitis in three patients, and pancreatitis in two patients. In view of the complication and failure rates, EUS appears to offer significant advantages over ERC. These results suggest that EUS is more sensitive than standard abdominal ultrasonography, and as sensitive as ERC.EUS appears to be as sensitive as, and safer than, ERC in the detection of choledocholithiasis prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
An Interactive Computer-Animated System (SpiroGame) Facilitates Spirometry in Preschool Children
Authors: DAPHNA VILOZNI, MICHAEL BARKER, HEIDEMARIE JELLOUSCHEK, GERHARD HEIMANN, HANNAH BLAU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Although airway disease in preschool children is common, standard spirometry is limited by the level of cooperation. We evaluated a computer-animated system (SpiroGame) aimed at improving children's performance in spirometry. SpiroGame includes a commercial pneumotachograph (ZAN100; ZAN Messgeraete GmbH, Oberthulba, Germany) and games teaching tidal breathing and all steps of an FVC maneuver. SpiroGame was compared with commercial flow-targeted candle-blowing software (MasterLab, Jaeger, Germany), and with extrapolated predicted values. Of 112 children aged 3 to 6 yr, 10 refused spirometry and 102 proceeded to FVC games and were randomized to initially perform either SpiroGame or candle-blowing. Training lasted 5 to 10 min for SpiroGame and 3 to 7 min for candle-blowing. Acceptable spirometry was performed by 69 of 102 children with SpiroGame and 48 of 102 with candle-blowing (p = 0.005). Order did not affect success. Acceptable FEV1 maneuvers were achieved by 55 children with SpiroGame and two children with candle-blowing. The intrasubject coefficient of variation was 4.0% for FVC and 3.3% for FEV1 with SpiroGame. A premature expiratory break occurred in 41 subjects with candle-blowing and in six with SpiroGame. FEV0.5 could be measured with both systems. FVC and maximal midexpiratory flow at 50% of FVC (MMEF50) values were similar, whereas peak expiratory flow was higher with candle-blowing. In 39 healthy children, most parameters with SpiroGame were similar to extrapolated normal values. We conclude that an interactive computer-animated system facilitates successful spirometry in preschool children.
Abstract 1536: Characterization of tumor cell lines selected for resistance to the HDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3a
Authors: Yaolin Wang, Xiaoying Wang, Philip Lipari, David Devlin, Jason Simon, Lei Chen, Diane Levitane, Suxing Liu, Cynthia Seidel-Dugan, Daniel J. Hicklin, Walter Robert Bishop
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The tumor suppressor p53 is activated in response to various cellular stress signals including DNA damage and oncogene activation. Activated p53 regulates the expression of multiple downstream target genes involved in cell cycle control, cell death and senescence. Dysfunction of the p53 pathway is the most frequent alteration in human cancers. HDM2 protein binds directly to p53 and acts as a major negative regulator of the p53 function. Nutlin-3a is an antagonist of the HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction and restores p53 pathway function in tumors with wild-type p53. Nutlin-3a demonstrates anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Emergence of resistance is frequently observed with many anti-cancer therapeutics. The goal of the current studies is to understand the mechanism of resistance to Nutlin-3a. Cancer cell lines were treated with Nutlin-3a for an extended period and resistant clones were isolated. We found using molecular profiling studies that the emergence of Nutlin resistance is primarily due to the inactivation of the p53 signaling pathway through either mutation of the p53 gene or loss of p53 protein expression. These Nutlin-resistant cells are also resistant to others antagonists of the HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction. These results suggest that, following chronic treatment, resistance to HDM2 antagonists may occur in the clinic. It will be important to combine HDM2 antagonists with other anti-cancer drugs early on during the treatment cycle in order to minimize the emergence of resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1536.
Florida execution using pentobarbital goes ahead despite protests
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A man who spent 33 years on death row in Florida for killing a policeman has been executed despite a petition filed with the Florida courts by a British neurologist and pleas to the governor from the Danish drug firm whose pentobarbital was used.

David Nicholl, a consultant neurologist at City Hospital, Birmingham, filed the petition at the Florida Supreme Court to try to stop Manuel Valle’s execution going ahead.

The Danish company Lundbeck wrote to Florida …
Coordinate Interaction Between ATP-Sensitive K <sup>+</sup> Channel and Na <sup>+</sup> ,K <sup>+</sup> -ATPase Modulates Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Tetsuya Haruna, Minoru Horie, Ichiro Kouchi, Ryuzo Nawada, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Masaharu Akao, Hideo Otani, Tomoyuki Murakami, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —We reported that digoxin abolishes the infarct size (IS)-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Because ATP-sensitive K + (K ATP ) channels are involved in IPC, we studied whether Na + ,K + -ATPase and K ATP channels functionally interact, thereby modulating IPC. Methods and Results —Rabbits received 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. IPC was elicited by 5 minutes of occlusion followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. The IS, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was 40.2±2.8% in control and 39.8±5.0% in digoxin pretreatment rabbits. Both IPC and pretreatment with cromakalim, a K ATP channel opener, reduced IS to 11.8±1.8% and 13.4±2.6% ( P &lt;0.05 versus control). Digoxin abolished the reduction in IS induced by IPC (33.5±3.3%), whereas it did not change that induced by cromakalim (18.8±3.0%). In patch-clamp experiments, digoxin was found to inhibit the opening of K ATP channels in single ventricular myocytes in which ATP depletion had been induced by metabolic stress. In contrast, digoxin had little effect on the channel opening induced by cromakalim. Moreover, the inhibitory action of digoxin on channel activities was dependent on subsarcolemmal ATP concentration. Conclusions —The IS-limiting effect of IPC is modulated by an interaction between K ATP channels and Na + ,K + -ATPase through subsarcolemmal ATP.
The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in conscious dogs.
Authors: J A Spratt, G S Tyson, D D Glower, J W Davis, L H Muhlbaier, C O Olsen, J S Rankin
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) has been shown to be an afterload-insensitive descriptor of ventricular inotropic state in the isolated heart. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of changes in afterload, heart rate, intravascular volume, autonomic tone, and inotropic state on the ESPVR in conscious dogs. In 30 dogs, left ventricular and pleural pressures were measured with micromanometers, and left ventricular volume was assessed with global ultrasonic crystals. The ESPVR was obtained during vena caval occlusions in each dog during pharmacologic afterload interventions at control and after autonomic blockade. Analysis of variance techniques were used to compare the slopes (Emax) and intercepts (Vd) of ESPVR regression lines in a given study. All estimates of the ESPVR in conscious dogs involved large extrapolations to obtain estimates of Vd. Repeat determinations of Emax at control in the unblocked state were significantly different in six of eight dogs (p less than .05). After autonomic blockade, these differences were significant in only one of eight dogs. Changes in heart rate and volume loading had minimal effects on the ESPVR. In the absence of autonomic blockade, increases in inotropic state with either calcium or dobutamine tended to cause parallel shifts in the ESPVR. After autonomic blockade, Emax increased with augmentation of inotropic state, while Vd was unchanged. ESPVRs obtained at different afterloads showed statistically significant differences in Emax and in Vd in 12 of 14 dogs. However, no statistically significant relationship of Emax to afterload was observed. Thus, the ESPVR is probably valid in conscious dogs, but measurement with an intact cardiovascular system is hampered by statistically significant variability in Emax and Vd with changes in afterload. Baseline variability is magnified by the autonomic nervous system, probably mediated through sympathetic reflexes.
STIMULATION OF SUBCORTEX OF THE BRAIN
Authors: W. Horsley Gantt
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journal, April 28, appeared an editorial on a new method of physiologic research based on the article of Light and Chaffee (<i>Science</i><b>79:</b>299 [March 30] 1934). In the editorial you made no mention either of Hess of Zurich, who reported to the International Physiological Congress at Boston in 1929 a method of stimulating the subcortex electrically in more or less normal animals, or of the paper of R. B. Loucks of this laboratory. I enclose a reprint of the latter's work. Loucks described a technic similar to that of Light and Chaffee three months earlier. <h3>Comment.—</h3> We are glad to refer to the facts in relation to the interesting new procedures that remove "the restrictions of time, anesthesia and restraint from experimental explanation of functions susceptible to electrical excitation," as described in the editorial "A New Method of Physiologic Research" (The Journal, April 28,
Gap Junction Communication Mediates Transforming Growth Factor-β Activation and Endothelial-Induced Mural Cell Differentiation
Authors: Karen K. Hirschi, Janis M. Burt, Kendal D. Hirschi, Cuiping Dai
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

During blood vessel assembly, endothelial cells recruit mesenchymal progenitors and induce their differentiation into mural cells via contact-dependent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) activation. We investigated whether gap junction channels are formed between endothelial cells and recruited mesenchymal progenitors and whether intercellular communication is necessary for endothelial-induced mural cell differentiation. Mesenchymal progenitors from Cx43 −/− murine embryos and Cx43 +/+ littermates were cocultured with prelabeled endothelial cells. Intracellular dye injection and dual whole-cell voltage clamp revealed that endothelial cells formed gap junction channels with Cx43 +/+ but not Cx43 −/− progenitors. In coculture with endothelial cells, Cx43 −/− progenitors did not undergo mural cell differentiation as did Cx43 +/+ cells. Stable reexpression of Cx43 in Cx43 −/− cells (reCx43) restored their ability to form gap junctions with endothelial cells and undergo endothelial-induced mural cell differentiation. Cocultures of endothelial cells and either Cx43 +/+ or reCx43 mesenchymal cells produced activated TGF-β; endothelial-Cx43 −/− cocultures did not. However, Cx43 −/− cells did produce latent TGF-β and undergo mural cell differentiation in response to exogenous TGF-β1. These studies indicate that gap junction communication between endothelial and mesenchymal cells mediates TGF-β activation and subsequent mural cell differentiation.
It's the evidence, stupid
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Nearly 20 years ago, the US state of Oregon embarked on a brave experiment to explicitly ration health care. The aim was to create and then whittle away at a prioritised list of treatments covered by the state funded Medicaid programme, so that the available money would cover more people. With the global credit crunch likely to make scarce resources even scarcer, this week’s BMJ looks back at what can be learnt from Oregon and forward to how we should ration health care in the future.

As Vidhya Alakeson explains (doi:10.1136/bmj.a1563), the unique thing about Oregon’s 1989 health plan …
Effects of Rapid Paracentesis
Authors: Dwight P. Cruikshank
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Eight paracenteses were performed on patients with ovarian carcinomatosis, with the rapid removal of 2,400 to 11,000 ml of ascitic fluid. There were no important changes in central venous pressure, blood pressure, pulse rate, hematocrit value, or serum electrolytes during the procedures or the ensuing 48 hours. Serum protein concentration fell to approximately two thirds of the base line level in each patient.
Nontransplant options for the treatment of metabolic liver disease: Saving livers while saving lives
Authors: William F. Balistreri
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

“ When medicine has really succeeded brilliantly in technology, as in immunization or endocrine-replacement therapy, so that the therapeutic measures can be directed straight at the underlying disease mechanism and are decisively effective, the cost is likely to be very low indeed. It is when our technologies have to be applied halfway along against the progress of disease, or must be brought in after the fact to shore up the loss of destroyed tissue, that health care becomes enormously expensive. The deeper our understanding of a disease mechanism, the greater are our chances of devising direct and decisive measures to prevent disease, or to turn it around before it is too late. ” Lewis Thomas (1) .
Functionalized heparin-protamine based self-assembled nanocomplex for efficient anti-angiogenic therapy
Authors: Farzana Alam, Taslim A. Al-Hilal, Seung Woo Chung, Jooho Park, Foyez Mahmud, Donghyun Seo, Han Sung Kim, Dong Soo Lee, Youngro Byun
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Ikaros DNA-Binding Proteins Direct Formation of Chromatin Remodeling Complexes in Lymphocytes
Authors: John Kim, Saïd Sif, Beverly Jones, Audrey Jackson, Joseph Koipally, Elizabeth Heller, Susan Winandy, Alain Viel, Alan Sawyer, Toru Ikeda, Robert Kingston, Katia Georgopoulos
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Kidney disease: new technologies translate mechanisms to cure
Authors: John F. O’Toole, John R. Sedor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Kidney disease is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions and is a frequent complication of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. Recent advances in biomedical research and novel technologies have created opportunities to study kidney disease in a variety of platforms, applied to human populations. The Reviews in this series discuss the kidney in hypertension, diabetes, and monogenic forms of kidney disease, as well as the cellular and molecular mediators of acute kidney injury and fibrosis, IgA nephropathy and idiopathic membranous nephropathy, and kidney transplantation. In this introduction, we briefly review new insights into focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and the role of podocytes in health and disease. Additionally, we discuss how new technologies, therapeutics, and the availability of patient data can help shape the study of kidney disease and ultimately inform policies concerning biomedical research and health care.
Equitable utilisation of Indian community based health insurance scheme among its rural membership: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: M Kent Ranson, Tara Sinha, Mirai Chatterjee, Fenil Gandhi, Rupal Jayswal, Falguni Patel, Saul S Morris, Anne J Mills
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate alternative strategies for improving the uptake of benefits of a community based health insurance scheme by its poorest members. <b>Design</b> Prospective cluster randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Self Employed Women9s Association (SEWA) community based health insurance scheme in rural India. <b>Participants </b>713 claimants at baseline (2003) and 1440 claimants two years later among scheme members in 16 rural sub-districts. <b>Interventions</b> After sales service with supportive supervision, prospective reimbursement, both packages, and neither package, randomised by sub-district. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was socioeconomic status of claimants relative to members living in the same sub-district. Secondary outcomes were enrolment rates in SEWA Insurance, mean socioeconomic status of the insured population relative to the general rural population, and rate of claim submission. <b>Results</b> Between 2003 and 2005, the mean socioeconomic status of SEWA Insurance members (relative to the rural population of Gujarat) increased significantly. Rates of claims also increased significantly, on average by 21.6 per 1000 members (P&lt;0.001). However, differences between the intervention groups and the standard scheme were not significant. No systematic effect of time or interventions on the socioeconomic status of claimants relative to members in the same sub-district was found. <b>Conclusions</b> Neither intervention was sufficient to ensure that the poorer members in each sub-district were able to enjoy the greater share of the scheme benefits. Claim submission increased as a result of interventions that seem to have strengthened awareness of and trust in a community based health insurance scheme. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00421629.
Vision of a golden age: cancer charity looks to the future
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

A new golden age of drug discovery, which could see a reduction of 75000 in the annual death rate from cancer by 2020, is predicted in a new report from the Imperial Cancer Research Fund. The fund paints a picture of myriad improvements in treatment for cancer, care, and survival rates over the next 25 years—but says that this can happen only if patients with cancer receive better support.

The report, which has been submitted to the Department of Health, was compiled by a group of more …