tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The hand radiograph as a diagnostic discriminant between seropositive and seronegative 'rheumatoid arthritis': a controlled study.
Authors: T M Burns, A Calin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Although traditional teaching emphasises that 70-80% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have positive serological tests for rheumatoid factor, a review of the evidence suggests that the seronegative group has distinctive characteristics. In a blinded and controlled evaluation of hand and wrist films we correctly identified the serological status of 43 out of 46 patients satisfying the ARA criteria for 9definite RA9. The radiographic appearances of the seronegative group differed significantly from those of the seropositive group in (1) degree of juxtalesional osteosclerosis (p less than 0.001); (2) the relative absence of classical subchondral erosions (p less than 0.001); (3) presence of new bone formation (p less than 0.001); (4) more fusion (p less than 0.001); (5) more asymmetrical joint involvement (p less than 0.001); and (6) predominant carpal involvement (p less than 0.001). The nature of the destructive process, as defined radiologically, may be different in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis from that seen in individuals with so-called 9seronegative rheumatoid arthritis9.
Redox state of free nicotinamide-adenine nucleotides in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of alveolar macrophages
Authors: Sheldon Mintz, Eugene D. Robin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Cytoplasmic free NAD(+)/NADH ratios have been calculated from lactate to pyruvate ratios, and mitochondrial NAD(+)/NADH ratios, have been calculated from beta-hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate ratios in isolated rabbit alveolar macrophages. In freshly harvested cells, assuming a pH of 7 for the two compartments, cytoplasmic NAD(+)/NADH averaged 709 +/-293 (SD), and mitochondrial NAD(+)/NADH averaged 33.2 +/-30.2, values which are significantly different. 30 min of air incubation in a relatively poorly buffered medium showed a significant reduction in calculated mitochondrial NAD(+)/NADH to 10.1 +/-4.8. 30 min of exposure of cells to a hypoxic environment (equivalent to a nonventilated, perfused alveolus) caused significant reductions of NAD(+)/NADH in both compartments. Re-exposure of hypoxic cells to air produced a change toward normal in cytoplasmic NAD(+)/NADH but did not reverse mitochondrial abnormality. Uncertainties concerning the value of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial pH under control conditions and during experimental pertubations, limit absolute interpretation of NAD(+)/NADH ratios calculated from redox pairs, but the data suggest the following: (a) separate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial compartments for NAD(+) and NADH exist in the alveolar macrophage; (b) brief periods of exposure to moderate hypoxia of the degree seen in clinical lung disease produce decreases in both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial NAD(+)/NADH; (c) the mitochondrial changes are less easily reversed than the cytoplasmic changes; (d) measurements of NAD(+)/NADH provide an early sensitive indication of biochemical abnormality; and (e) careful control of extracellular pH is required in studies involving experimental modifications of alveolar macrophage function.
VARIATIONS IN THE ACIDITY OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE GASTRIC RESIDUUM
Authors: ROGER S. HUBBARD
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A great deal of discussion concerning the value of fractional gastric analysis has taken place since Gorham<sup>1</sup>pointed out that the publications of many physiologists tended to show variations in the acidity of different parts of the stomach, and that such variations could be conclusively demonstrated if a test meal was given, the stomach rapidly emptied, and the acid content of successive specimens determined. His experiments have been confirmed by Wheelon,<sup>2</sup>who carried out similar experiments on normal subjects; by Kopeloff,<sup>3</sup>who not only carried out experiments similar to those of Gorham, but also determined the acidity of specimens aspirated simultaneously through three tubes in different parts of the stomach; by White;<sup>4</sup>by Lockwood and Jacobson,<sup>5</sup>and by Friedenwald, Gantt and Morrison.<sup>6</sup> The results of these studies, with the exception of a few determinations discussed but not presented in detail by Lockwood and Jacobson,
ON A NEW AND PRACTICAL MODE OF GROUPING AFFECTIONS OF THE SKIN, WITH AN ANALYSIS BASED UPON ONE THOUSAND CASES.Read before the Section of Dermatology and Syphilography, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical (Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: EDWARD PREBLE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In a natural arrangement of affections of the skin, families should be bound together not alone by one tie, but by all possible ties, as etiology, pathology, clinical evidences and therapy. Is this the present mode? No. Consultany scheme which has ever been in vogue. One writer groups by clinical appearances—his papular affections, for example, embrace lichen planus, lichen urticatus, lichen pilaris and lichen tropicus; these four conditions have hardly anything in common, save the accident of papulation. Another writer selects the pathological process as a basis for grouping—his "exudative affections" embrace on the one hand herpes iris, and pemphigus, and on the other hand eczema. What have the first two in common with the third, other than the accident of a serous transudate? A third writer chooses anatomical seat—his"trichoses,"for example, include hirsuties and fragilitas crinium. Does a knowledge of one condition furnish any aid to the comprehension of the
From the NIH. Systolic hypertension therapy trial begins
Authors: C. K. Wittenberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dutch commemorate doctor shot by Nazis for helping injured soldiers
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Elderly residents of Arnhem gathered this week to honour the memory of a local doctor who, 60 years ago, was shot by the Nazis for helping injured British soldiers as fierce fighting raged in the Dutch city.

The handful of remaining witnesses met at a small plaque in Bakker Straat (“Baker Street”), now a city centre shopping precinct, to recall his work. The plaque reads: “In remembrance of J …
Local Inhibition of Tissue Factor Reduces the Thrombogenicity of Disrupted Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Juan Jose Badimon, Maddalena Lettino, Vincenzo Toschi, Valentin Fuster, Maria Berrozpe, James H. Chesebro, Lina Badimon
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Plaque disruption and subsequent thrombus formation lead to acute coronary syndromes and progression of atherosclerotic disease. Tissue factor (TF) appears to mediate plaque thrombogenicity. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is the major physiological inhibitor of TF. This study analyzes the role of TF on thrombogenicity of disrupted human atherosclerotic plaques and the therapeutic possibilities of its specific inhibition. Methods and Results —Human atherosclerotic and normal arterial segments were exposed to heparinized blood at flow conditions modeling medium-grade coronary stenosis in the Badimon perfusion chamber. The antithrombotic effects of the specific inhibition of plaque TF was assessed by reduction in the deposition of radiolabeled platelets and fibrin(ogen) and immunohistochemical analysis of perfused arteries. TF activity was inhibited by both recombinant TFPI and a polyclonal antibody against human TF. Human lipid-rich plaques were more thrombogenic than less advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Specific inhibition of TF activity reduced plaque thrombogenicity, inhibiting both platelet and fibrin(ogen) deposition (580 versus 194 platelets×10 6 /cm 2 ; P &lt;0.01, and 652 versus 172×10 12 molecules of Fg/cm 2 ; P &lt;0.05, respectively) and thrombosis (immunohistochemistry). Conclusions —This study documents the key role of TF activity in acute arterial thrombosis after atherosclerotic plaque disruption and provides evidence of the benefit of blocking plaque TF activity. Therefore the inhibition of the TF pathway opens a new therapeutic strategy in the prevention of acute coronary thrombosis after plaque disruption.
Abstract 1409: C20orf52 regulates cell death by ionizing radiation via modulation of ROS generation in the mitochondria
Authors: Kwangsup So, Young Do Yoo, Hong-Duck Um, Jong Kuk Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract It is known that ROS exerts an important role in various intracellular physiological phenomena. Mitochondria and its molecules are one of major intracellular ROS source. Generation of ROS in normal cell condition is mainly caused by intracellular metabolic processes, but several extra-cellular stresses including ionizing radiation (IR) also increase ROS production. In this study, we tried to identify new molecular target that regulate ROS generation after IR irradiation, and confirmed the C20orf52 (also named as MTMG and Romo-1) as one of the new candidate. In recent report, C20orf52 was identified a regulator of ROS generation in the mitochondria, and it is located at integral mitochondrial inner-membrane. We constructed C20orf52 over-expressing HEK293 cell, and then showed that this C20orf52 over-expressing cells have a radio-resistance via suppression of ROS production by IR. Down-regulation of C20orf52 by siRNA treatment in several cancer cells increased cell death by IR. C20orf52 over-expression also increased mitochondrial potential and JNK phosphorylation in MAPKinase pathway induced by IR. Therefore we suggest that C20orf52 might modulate ROS production by IR and regulates cell death. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1409.
Regulatory mechanisms in cell-mediated immune responses. II. A genetically restricted suppressor of mixed lymphocyte reactions released by alloantigen-activated spleen cells.
Authors: S S Rich, R R Rich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The mechanism of alloantigen-activated spleen cell suppression of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is explored in this report. Activated murine suppressor spleen cells elaborated a soluble noncytotoxic factor which suppressed MLR responses by 55-95%. Generation of suppressor factor required both in vivo alloantigen sensitization and specific in vitro restimulation. Suppressor factor was not produced by activated spleen cells which had been treated with anti-Thy-1.2 serum and complement. Antigenic specificity toward alloantigens of the stimulator cells was not demonstrable. In contrast, suppressor factor effectively inhibited MLR response only of responder cells of those strains that shared the D-end and the I-C subregion of the H-2 complex with the cells producing suppressor factor. Therefore, active suppression appears to require an MHC-directed homology relationship between regulating and responder cells in MLR.
Review of instruments for peer assessment of physicians
Authors: Richard Evans, Glyn Elwyn, Adrian Edwards
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b> To identify existing instruments for rating peers (professional colleagues) in medical practice and to evaluate them in terms of how they have been developed, their validity and reliability, and their appropriateness for use in clinical settings, including primary care. <b>Design</b> Systematic literature review. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic search techniques, snowball sampling, and correspondence with specialists. <b>Study selection</b> The peer assessment instruments identified were evaluated in terms of how they were developed and to what extent, if relevant, their psychometric properties had been determined. <b>Results</b> A search of six electronic databases identified 4566 possible articles. After appraisal of the abstracts and in depth assessment of 42 articles, three rating scales fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were fully appraised. The three instruments did not meet established standards of instrument development, as no reference was made to a theoretical framework and the published psychometric data omitted essential work on construct and criterion validity. Rater training was absent, and guidance consisted of short written instructions. Two instruments were developed for a hospital setting in the United States and one for a primary care setting in Canada. <b>Conclusions</b> The instruments developed to date for physicians to evaluate characteristics of colleagues need further assessment of validity before their widespread use is merited.
Management of Heart Failure
Authors: David W. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This review of the pharmacologic treatment of heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction summarizes the recommendations of the expert panel for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Heart Failure Guideline. It provides specific advice to help guide practitioners through clinical decision making.Data were obtained from English-language studies and referenced in MEDLINE or EMBASE between 1966 and 1993. We used the search terms heart failure, congestive; congestive heart failure; heart failure; cardiac failure; and dilated cardiomyopathy in conjunction with terms for the specific treatments. Where data were lacking, we relied on opinions of panel members and peer reviewers.Only large prospective trials were used to estimate treatment efficacy. Smaller trials, case series, and case reports were reviewed for the incidence of adverse effects.Randomized clinical trials were reviewed for inclusion and exclusion criteria, patient outcomes, adverse effects, and eight categories of study quality using a defined list of study flaws.Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be given to all patients unless specific contraindications exist. Diuretics should be used judiciously early in treatment to prevent excessive diuresis that could prevent titration of ACE inhibitors to target doses. Digoxin has not been shown to affect the natural history of heart failure and should be reserved for patients who remain symptomatic after treatment with ACE inhibitors and diuretics. Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride should be tried in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or who have refractory symptoms.
And now, evidence based editing
Authors: R. Smith, D. Rennie
Journal: BMJ (1995)

health care team's specific contribution in advertising its wares and enabling young people to access them.However, to achieve its goals of ensuring better health for this age group, members of the primary health care team need also to remember responsibilities that lie outside their direct clinical practice: the most effective interventions in improving the health of adolescents are made by governments -improving education, reducing unemployment, and equalising the distribution of the gross national product.
Exposures among Pregnant Women near the World Trade Center Site on 11 September 2001
Authors: Mary S. Wolff, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Paul J. Lioy, Regina M. Santella, Richard Y. Wang, Robert L. Jones, Kathleen L. Caldwell, Andreas Sjödin, Wayman E. Turner, Wei Li, Panos Georgopoulos, Gertrud S. Berkowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

We have characterized environmental exposures among 187 women who were pregnant, were at or near the World Trade Center (WTC) on or soon after 11 September 2001, and are enrolled in a prospective cohort study of health effects. Exposures were assessed by estimating time spent in five zones around the WTC and by developing an exposure index (EI) based on plume reconstruction modeling. The daily reconstructed dust levels were correlated with levels of particulate matter < or = 2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5; r = 0.68) or PM10 (r = 0.73-0.93) reported from 26 September through 8 October 2001 at four of six sites near the WTC whose data we examined. Biomarkers were measured in a subset. Most (71%) of these women were located within eight blocks of the WTC at 0900 hr on 11 September, and 12 women were in one of the two WTC towers. Daily EIs were determined to be highest immediately after 11 September and became much lower but remained highly variable over the next 4 weeks. The weekly summary EI was associated strongly with women's perception of air quality from week 2 to week 4 after the collapse (p < 0.0001). The highest levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleic acid (PAH-DNA) adducts were seen among women whose blood was collected sooner after 11 September, but levels showed no significant associations with EI or other potential WTC exposure sources. Lead and cobalt in urine were weakly correlated with sigmaEI, but not among samples collected closest to 11 September. Plasma OC levels were low. The median polychlorinated biphenyl level (sum of congeners 118, 138, 153, 180) was 84 ng/g lipid and had a nonsignificant positive association with sigmaEI (p > 0.05). 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzodioxin levels (median, 30 pg/g lipid) were similar to levels reported in WTC-exposed firefighters but were not associated with EI. This report indicates intense bystander exposure after the WTC collapse and provides information about nonoccupational exposures among a vulnerable population of pregnant women.
Polymorphic light eruption, skin cancer and immunity
Authors: F. Aubin, P. Humbert
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Polymorphic light eruption, skin cancer and immunity Get access F. Aubin, F. Aubin EA3181, IFR 133 and Department of Dermatology, University of Franche Comté and University Hospital, Besançon, France E‐mail: francois.aubin@univ‐fcomte.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Humbert P. Humbert EA3181, IFR 133 and Department of Dermatology, University of Franche Comté and University Hospital, Besançon, France E‐mail: francois.aubin@univ‐fcomte.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 1, 1 July 2009, Page 191, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09162.x Published: 01 July 2009
Significance of sputum purulence to guide antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of COPD
Authors: Néstor Soler, Antoni Torres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Significance of sputum purulence to guide antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of COPDTo the Editor:We read with interest the study by SOLER et al.[1] evaluating role of sputum purulence as a guide for antibiotic use in hospitalised patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Besides bacteria, viruses and air pollution can also lead to exacerbations of COPD.These episodes are characterised by recruitment of leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, etc.), which leads to sputum purulence.The sputum colour/purulence is strongly correlated with markers of bronchial inflammation, like myeloperoxidase (green coloured) and leukocyte elastase present within these inflammatory cells [2], and may not mandate the bacterial presence.Moreover, isolation of bacteria from sputum may represent bronchial colonisation, especially in conditions with co-existent architectural distortion like bronchiectasis.
Antigenic Dusts and Respiratory Disease
Authors: Francis C. Lowell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

AN immunologic response to inhalation of antigenic dusts has been repeatedly reported as a cause of respiratory illness. Dusts from many sources have been implicated, and the list continues to grow, two having been added within the past year. The first is a proteolytic enzyme, derived from Bacillus subtilis, used in the detergent industry for the removal of certain types of stains from clothing.1 , 2 The second is wood dust, four cases being presented by Sosman and his colleagues in this issue. Dusts containing antigens from several micro-organisms and from plants, insects, birds and mammals have caused respiratory illness,3 and . . .
Research Provides New Insights on How Hygiene Affects Asthma and Allergies
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Wee Drachm for the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IN offering congratulations to the Journal on the completion of a century and a half of continuous service, it is perhaps opportune to reflect on the conditions in Great Britain in those early days of the nineteenth century when the New England Journal of Medicine and Surgery began. In that year of 1812 the twenty years of the Napoleonic struggle were just coming to an end, and the social background was one of contrast. On the one hand, Jane Austen was writing that half the world was unable to understand the pleasures of the other, and others were suggesting that . . .
Biochemical Studies of Myocardium and Blood During Extracorporeal Circulation in Man
Authors: THEODORE COOPER, MAX JELLINEK, VALLEE L. WILLMAN, GEORGE A. GANTNER, C. ROLLINS HANLON
Journal: Circulation (1965)

We have studied samples of myocardium from 40 patients with congenital heart disease for catecholamine, histamine, and glycogen content. Blood samples obtained before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass in 53 patients were assayed for total protein, osmolality, catecholamines, histamine, lactic acid dehydrogenase activity, and cholinesterase activity. The data show that (1) adequate cardiopulmonary bypass is accompanied by increased sympathetic activity, (2) myocardial damage, indicated by elevated plasma lactic acid dehydrogenase activity, may occur during operation, and (3) depletion of myocardial catecholamine content may be a concomitant of heart disease with chronic congestive failure.