tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protein Binding of Diphenylhydantoin and Desmethylimipramine in Plasma from Patients with Poor Renal Function
Authors: Marcus M. Reidenberg, Ingegerd Odar-Cederlöf, Christer von Bahr, Olof Borgå, Folke Sjöqvist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The protein binding of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and desmethylimipramine (DMI) was measured in plasma from azotemic and uremic patients by an Ultrafiltration technic. DPH binding was decreased in uremic plasma. The impairment of binding was strongly correlated (p less than 0.001) to the degree of azotemia and degree of physical disability of the patients but weakly correlated (p less than 0.05) to their concentrations of serum proteins. DMI binding was almost normal. Dialysis of normal and uremic plasma in tap water or hemodialysis solution did not alter the DPH binding. The binding of DPH by plasma proteins from azotemic patients appears to be decreased, probably owing to a change in the binding proteins. The possibility of alteration of drug binding by pathologic states should be considered when total plasma concentrations of protein-bound drugs are measured and the values used to establish or modify drug-dosage regimens.
What about extended-wear soft contact lenses?
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A group from The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, has tested use of both the artificial intraocular lens and the soft contact lens after cataract removal. Basically, said Walter J. Stark, MD, director of the corneal service at the university's Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, the resulting vision with the soft contact lenses was as good as with the intraocular lenses. Furthermore, Stark told a Research to Prevent Blindness seminar, increased incidence of inflammation has been seen recently after intraocular lens insertion. He suggests this may be due to the current method of lens sterilization in this country, involving use of ethylene oxide rather than sodium hydroxide. Additional information came from H. Dwight Cavanagh, MD, PhD, professor and chairman, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta. He said that, for the first time, "a newly developed third generation of soft contact lenses represents a safe, reliable, and effective
Serologic and Immunologic Studies in Patients With AIDS in North America and Africa
Authors: Thomas C. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Serologic and immunologic studies were performed in 38 African and 60 US patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 100 African and 100 US heterosexual men and women, and 100 US homosexual men to examine the potential role of infectious agents in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis A and B viruses, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis among the African and US patients with AIDS, African heterosexual controls, and US homosexual men. However, these four groups all demonstrated a significantly greater prevalence of antibodies to each of these infectious agents compared with US heterosexual men. Immunologic studies demonstrated a significant elevation of activated lymphocytes (HLA-DR and T3 positive) and immune complexes in both AIDS populations and African heterosexual and US homosexual populations, compared with the US heterosexual population. These data demonstrate that the immune systems of African heterosexuals, similar to those of US homosexual men, are in a chronically activated state associated with chronic viral and parasitic antigenic exposure, which may cause them to be particularly susceptible to HIV infection or disease progression.
Disseminated Ossification of Lungs in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: H. M. Lawson
Journal: BMJ (1949)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the epidemiology of RSV infection which accounts for most bronchiolitis and viral pneumonias in infants. <h3>Aim</h3> This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated bronchiolitis among hospitalised infants. <h3>Methods</h3> The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022314000) and was designed based on PRISMA guidelines updated in May 2020. The meta-analysis component was modified appropriately to synthesise the pooled proportion of infants having RSV-associated bronchiolitis before the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019 and during the pandemic with 95% confidence interval (CI). <h3>Results</h3> We identified and screened 189 articles and systematically reviewed fifty full texts. Eight qualified studies from Europe and China, including 109,186 symptomatic cases of bronchiolitis before the pandemic in 2019 and 61,982 cases in 2020-2021 were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. The quantitative analysis included laboratory-confirmed RSV infection in 7691 infants with bronchiolitis reported before the pandemic in 2019. Meanwhile, during the pandemic, 4964 bronchiolitis cases were associated with RSV infection. The pooled proportion of RSV-associated bronchiolitis cases before the pandemic in 2019 was 16.74% (95% CI 11.73, 22.43%, 95% prediction interval 0.032, 34.16). The pooled proportion of confirmed RSV cases during the pandemic in 2020/2021 was 19.20 % (95% CI 12.01, 27.59%, 95% prediction interval 0.046, 42.35). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was an increase in RSV activity after the relaxation of stringent public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identification of Differentially-Expressed Genes in Intestinal Gastric Cancer by Microarray Analysis
Authors: Shizhu Zang, Ruifang Guo, Rui Xing, Liang Zhang, Wenmei Li, Min Zhao, Jingyuan Fang, Fulian Hu, Bin Kang, Yonghong Ren, Yonglong Zhuang, Siqi Liu, Rong Wang, Xianghong Li, Yingyan Yu, Jing Cheng, Youyong Lu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequent malignant tumors. In order to systematically characterize the cellular and molecular mechanisms of intestinal GC development, in this study, we used 22 K oligonucleotide microarrays and bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the gene expression profiles of GC in 45 tissue samples, including 20 intestinal GC tissue samples, 20 normal appearing tissues (NATs) adjacent to tumors and 5 noncancerous gastric mucosa tissue samples. These profiles allowed us to explore the transcriptional characteristics of GC and determine the change patterns in gene expression that may be of clinical significance. 1519 and 1255 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in intestinal GC tissues and NATs, respectively, as determined by Bayesian analysis (P &amp;lt; 0.001). These genes were associated with diverse functions such as mucosa secretion, metabolism, proliferation, signaling and development, which occur at different stages of GC development.
Diamond Stents for Palliation of Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction: A Prospective Multicenter Evaluation
Authors: A. Ferlitsch, C. Oesterreicher, J. M. Dumonceau, J. Deviere, T. Leban, P. Born, T. Rösch, W. Suter, J. Binek, C. Meyenberger, M. Müllner, B. Schneider, R. Schöfl
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Various types of self-expandable metal stents have been introduced for biliary drainage in patients with malignant jaundice, showing prolonged patency compared with plastic endoprostheses. However, there has only been prolonged experience with a meaningful number of patients using the Wallstent. We evaluated the Diamond stent, a self-expanding uncoated biliary metal stent, in a prospective uncontrolled multicenter setting.
Preparedness for Practice
Authors: Joel C. Cantor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To describe the views of young physicians (younger than age 45 years) regarding the appropriateness of specific aspects of medical training that have often been criticized as inadequate.Proportional analysis of survey data, stratified by medical school type and graduate medical education specialty and adjusted for demographics.National sample of 4756 allopathic and osteopathic physicians trained in allopathic residencies representing a variety of practice settings.Overall satisfaction with medical training, including medical school through residency and fellowship; satisfaction with preparedness for five aspects of practice and six types of patients; and satisfaction with the amount of time spent in each of six training settings.Eighty percent of young physicians reported that their formal medical training did an excellent or good job of preparing them for medical practice. Much smaller proportions (21% to 78%) reported excellent or good preparation to treat specific conditions or types of patients, and few (3%) reported being well prepared to manage business aspects of practice. Large proportions (35% to 63%) would prefer to have received more training in settings outside of hospitals, including managed care settings (67%). Significant differences in preparedness were observed by type of training; those trained in general and family practice reported better preparedness along many dimensions than did those trained in general internal medicine.Young physicians generally confirm critiques of medical training noted by scholars and commissions. Health care reform is likely to increase the urgency for remedial action.
Rape as a weapon of war in modern conflicts
Authors: C. Kivlahan, N. Ewigman
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Fetal hypokinesia or akinesia encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders, united by impaired movement in utero. Often, the underlying aetiology is genetic in origin, affecting part of the neuromuscular system. The affordable and high-throughput nature of next-generation DNA sequencing has led to an explosion in disease gene discovery across rare diseases, including fetal akinesias. A genetic diagnosis has clinical utility as it may affect management and prognosis and informs recurrence risk, facilitating family planning decisions. More broadly, knowledge of disease genes increasingly allows population-based preconception carrier screening, which has reduced the incidence of recessive diseases in several populations. Despite gains in knowledge of the genetics of fetal akinesia, many families lack a genetic diagnosis. In this review, we describe the developments in Mendelian genetics of neuromuscular fetal akinesia in the genomics era. We examine genetic diagnoses with neuromuscular causes, specifically including the lower motor neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction and muscle.
Treg cells in pancreatic lymph nodes: the possible role in diabetogenesis and β cell regeneration in a T1D model
Authors: Benjamin K Nti, Janet L Markman, Suzanne Bertera, Alexis J Styche, Robert J Lakomy, Vladimir M Subbotin, Massimo Trucco, Tatiana D Zorina
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2012)
Off-balance dorsal position at volleyball service involved in sciatic nerve inflammation
Authors: M S Ntolopoulou
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Objective The aim of the study is to demonstrate that wrong physical position in volleyball service hit is associated with sciatic nerve injuries sustained by young female athletes. Design Observational study through the Dartfish framework video analysis of biomechanical movement. Setting Personal study. Participants Young female (aged 16–18) volleyball players(N=20) from a single country public school district trained at high-level competition in school and in youth teams were recruited to participate in biomechanical video analysis combined with a study of their pathological minor injuries medical record. Intervention Prevention through use of video analysis of sciatic nerve minor injuries caused by frequent repetition of wrong service position/movement. Results Young female athletes' long-term exposure to biomechanically wrong position of trunk and, more particularly, of ankle-knee-hip axis in young female athletes in the course of holding the ball and delivering the service hit accounts for pathological sciatic nerve minor injuries (painful inflammations). Conclusions In preventing sciatic nerve minor injuries a major role is played by a knowledgeable trainer insisting on biomechanically proper service position to be adopted at the earliest age in combination with a set of exercises aimed at dorsal musculature build-up. Practice aimed at mastering the perfect movement/position is essential right from the start of female volleyball players' training at the age of 12.
Doctors in India prescribe unapproved fertility drug
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Doctors in India have been accused of prescribing women a drug that has been illegally promoted and marketed for infertility treatment by a major drug company in the country.

In an editorial in its September edition, the drug industry journal, the Monthly Index of Medical Specialities India , has accused Sun Pharmaceuticals in Bombay of promoting an anticancer drug, letrozole, for infertility treatment in women.

Letrozole has been approved globally for the treatment of breast cancer in post-menopausal women, but it is not approved for any other use in any country. But Sun Pharmaceuticals has allegedly been promoting …
Lumbar Puncture in The Frail Infant
Authors: Robert A. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The review article by Alexander concerning lumbar puncture techniques (<b>201</b>:316, 1967) reminds me of untoward effects I have observed, associated with lumbar punctures in infants and children. Seven years ago one of my most respected colleagues was called to the hospital to examine an infant about 1 year of age who had been admitted the previous day with presumptive diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and a probable ventricular septal defect. Physical examination had revealed an irritable febrile infant with no new physical findings other than a questionably stiff neck. Early meningitis was possible. The infant was mummied and, struggling, was arched transversely across the upper part of the abdomen of the nurse. The procedure did not take an inordinate amount of time and the spinal fluid was clear. When the procedure was completed, the infant, unwrapped, was limp. There was no respiration or heart beat. Attempts
VOCs Turn Up in Well Water: Sensitive Measure Reveals Groundwater Contaminant
Authors: Tina Adler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

About 15% of the U.S. population get their drinking and household water from a largely unmonitored source: private residential wells.About 400,000 new wells are drilled every year.A new USGS study suggests that the water in a small percentage of domestic wells could contain unsafe levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [EHP 115:1539-1546; Rowe et al.].VOCs come from a wide variety of sources, including gasoline, plastics, paints, dyes, solvents, adhesives, insecticides, and spot removers, and have wide-ranging health effects.The chemical and physical properties of VOCs allow the compounds to move between the atmosphere, soil, surface water, and groundwater.Once in the environment, some VOCs degrade quickly whereas others persist for decades.The USGS collected data on 55 VOCs primarily between 1991 and 2002.The team analyzed water samples before homeowners treated or filtered the water, which could help reduce VOCs.Many-possibly half of all well users-don't filter their water.The wells ranged in depth from 6 to 1,500 feet, with a median depth of about 140 feet.Of the 2,401 wells studied, 65% had detectable levels of VOCs, and 1% had levels above the EPA maximum contaminant level for the compound(s) observed.The most common compounds found were chloroform, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and perchloroethene.Factors associated with the presence of VOCs were dissolved oxygen content, precipitation, the presence of a hazardous waste site within 1 km of the well, aquifer type, and water temperature.The authors note that identifying factors associated with VOC occurrence may aid in understanding the sources, transport, and fate of these compounds in groundwater.-
Age as a Risk Factor for Inadequate Treatment
Authors: Norman A. Desbiens
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —I certainly agree with Dr Wetle 1 that age per se should never be a reason to withhold treatment. However, age must be taken into consideration in assisting our patients to make rational judgments about therapy. The reason for this has to do with the fact that most therapies, especially surgical therapies, carry an immediate risk of death. For a younger person, this may be acceptable if the years of life to be gained or the improvement in quality of life is great enough that they are valued more by the patient than the immediate risk of death. Older patients, because their life expectancy is decreased, always have less to gain (if the valued outcome is years of life) than younger persons. This is compounded by the fact that the risks of surgical procedures or other therapies are often greater in the elderly than in the young.
Hay-Fever Treatment by Dunbar's Remedies (Pollantin).
Authors: Jacob E. Schadle
Journal: JAMA (1906)

St. Paul, Minn., Aug. 15, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, August 4, appears a letter from Dr. Ingals, in which he relates his experience with the Dunbar remedies, and an editorial soliciting correspondence on the subject. I have used pollantin to a considerable extent, and find that while benefit is secured in a limited number of cases, it is without result in the large majority. This failure of pollantin to cure cases uniformly is characteristic of all the other so-called remedies for hay fever that have been tried for decades. It certainly suggests that the empirical search for a specific should be abandoned in favor of investigation into the nature and location of the disease. May there not be some good reason for the failure of pollantin and other remedies in that they have failed to reach the real seat of the trouble? May not the success of
Association of Metabolic Control With Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Felicia Hill-Briggs, Ruben J. Echemendia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Problem solving has been identified as a skill necessary for effective diabetes self-management (1) and as a training paradigm incorporated into diabetes education (2,3). However, relatively little has been reported about problem-solving skills among patients with diabetes. Self-management models describe steps in the problem-solving process that rely on reasoning, conceptualization, planning, mental flexibility, and sequencing/ability to proceed in an ordered fashion. In this study, a sample of adults with type 1 diabetes was examined to assess 1 ) performance on neuropsychological measures of problem solving and related skills relative to normative data and 2 ) the association between metabolic control and problem solving.

A total of …
False-Positive Rate of Posttherapy Positron Emission Tomography in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Geoffrey R. Oxnard
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Five Fanconi anemia patients with unusual organ pathologies
Authors: Selma Unal, Namık Ozbek, Abdurrahman Kara, Mehmet Alikaşifoĝlu, Fatma Gümrük
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that presents with variable organ abnormalities, progressive cytopenia, and susceptibility to the development of several malignancies. Although some of the organ pathologies such as microcephaly, microphthalmia, skin dyspigmentation, urogenital system involvement, and radial ray skeletal abnormalities are relatively common, there are some other abnormalities that are rarely associated with the disease [Alter BP. In: Nathan DG, Oski FA, editors. Hematology of infancy and childhood. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2003. p 259–273]. In this paper, five cases of unrelated FA patients with unusual organ pathologies, including chronic obstructive lung disease, lipodystrophy, Sprengel's deformity, diaphragmatic hernia, and inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) are presented. Recognition of unusual pathologies associated with FA is important in order to improve our understanding of the relationship between the disease and presenting organ pathologies. Am. J. Hematol. 77:50–54, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility-Reply
Authors: Aaron Lupovitch
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The Fetaldex test mentioned by Ms Witt is a commercially available kit used to demonstrate fetal RBCs in the maternal circulation by their content of fetal hemoglobin. If increased numbers of fetal cells have gained entrance to the maternal circulation, then increased quantities of the anti-D human serum may be necessary to prevent maternal sensitization. The flow diagram we have described, in addition to the programming for the report, are sufficiently flexible so that any laboratory that deems this procedure desirable can add it. However, two points should be considered before doing this. First, diluted anti-D serum is cross-matched with maternal RBCs to be sure of compatibility. This reaction is examined microscopically, so that if there are increased numbers of fetal cells with anti-D antigen, occasional clumps of RBCs may be seen. Secondly, since the fetal hemoglobin may be maternal in origin, the mother's hematologic status must be