tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin Immunopathology in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Malcolm M. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The role of skin immunopathology in the evaluation and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. Four simultaneous biopsy specimens from nine patients with SLE (two from buttock and two from forearm skin) were evaluated. Specimens from eight of nine patients showed symmetrical deposits. A poor correlation of skin biopsy score and clinical activity score was noted. A positive correlation was noted between serum C3 levels and skin biopsy score, but a poor correlation was noted with criteria for active nephritis with the exception of microscopic hematuria. In most instances, findings from a single skin biopsy specimen are sufficient and of diagnostic value but correlate poorly with other measurements of disease activity. Serial studies suggested that persistence of cutaneous deposits for many months after flares of SLE may in part explain poor correlation with active disease.
Why do patients with lupus nephritis die?
Authors: A T Leung, M B Jones
Journal: BMJ (1985)

function are noted and the T lymphocyte in particular plays a central part in the genesis of the sarcoid granuloma.Secondly, there are both similarities and differences between Crohn's disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and sarcoidosis.3Might there not therefore be a link between these conditions explained by the ingestion of a potentially toxic substance such as one or more lectins ?While many have thought that sarcoidosis was due to an inhaled agent due to the very high incidence of intrathoracic lesions, this does not invariably precede the appearance of lesions elsewhere,> and I suggest that the absorption of an orally administered substance could be responsible in part.If the immune response were to localise at the level of the intestine this might produce ileitis, if at the liver then hepatic granulomatous disease might ensue, and if, in the manner of a steeplechase, this last barrier were hurdled the multi- system granulomas might ensue.Perhaps a study of lectins in human granulomatous disorders would be of interest.
15 <sup>th</sup> International AIDS conference: Nevirapine reduces perinatal HIV transmission in women tested and treated during labour
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Treatment with nevirapine reduces perinatal transmission of HIV in women tested and treated during labour, a study done in Malawi has shown ( JAMA 2004;292:202-9).

Antenatal counselling and HIV testing are not universally available in Africa, so many women present in labour with unknown HIV status. The study included all infants born to 894 HIV positive women (from a total of 9469 women screened) who presented in labour to six clinics in Blantyre, Malawi.

Those included in the study were early presenters (those arriving at least four hours before delivery was predicted) to allow time for obtaining informed …
Mission of Mercy
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Ad Libitum15 November 2011Mission of MercyJack Coulehan, MD, MPHJack Coulehan, MD, MPHFrom Setauket, NY 11733.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-10-201111150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail and return to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Setauket, NY 11733.Current Author Address: Jack Coulehan, MD, MPH, 4 Townsend Court, Setauket, NY 11733. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 2011Volume 155, Issue 10Page: 718KeywordsBreathingClimbingDiazepamHeart rateSaline solutionsShouldersSleep ePublished: 15 November 2011 Issue Published: 15 November 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
1004-47 A randomized comparison of transradial and transfemoral approaches for coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in octogenarians: Final results of the OCTO-PLUS study
Authors: Yves Louvard, Rémi Sabatier, Hakim Benamer, Philippe Garot, David Hildick-Smith, Christophe Loubeyre, Thierry Lefèvre, Gille Grollier, Martial Hamon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Phospholemman-Mediated Activation of Na/K-ATPase Limits [Na] <sub>i</sub> and Inotropic State During β-Adrenergic Stimulation in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Sanda Despa, Amy L. Tucker, Donald M. Bers
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiac Na/K-ATPase (NKA) regulates intracellular Na ([Na](i)), which in turn affects intracellular Ca and thus contractility via Na/Ca exchange. Recent evidence shows that phosphorylation of the NKA-associated small transmembrane protein phospholemman (PLM) mediates beta-adrenergic-induced NKA stimulation.Here, we tested whether PLM phosphorylation during beta-adrenergic activation limits the rise in [Na](i), Ca transient amplitude, and triggered arrhythmias in mouse ventricular myocytes. In myocytes from wild-type (WT) mice, [Na](i) increased on field stimulation at 2 Hz from 11.1+/-1.8 mmol/L to a plateau of 15.2+/-1.5 mmol/L. Isoproterenol induced a decrease in [Na](i) to 12.0+/-1.2 mmol/L. In PLM knockout (PLM-KO) mice in which beta-adrenergic stimulation does not activate NKA, [Na](i) also increased at 2 Hz (from 10.4+/-1.2 to 17.0+/-1.5 mmol/L) but was unaltered by isoproterenol. The PLM-mediated decrease in [Na](i) in WT mice could limit the isoproterenol-induced inotropic state. Indeed, the isoproterenol-induced increase in the amplitude of Ca transients was significantly smaller in the WT mice (5.2+/-0.4- versus 7.1+/-0.5-fold in PLM-KO mice). This also was the case for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content, which increased by 1.27+/-0.09-fold in WT mice versus 1.53+/-0.09-fold in PLM-KO mice. The higher sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in PLM-KO versus WT mice was associated with an increased propensity for spontaneous Ca transients and contractions in PLM-KO mice.These data suggest that PLM phosphorylation and NKA stimulation are an integral part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response, tempering the rise in [Na](i) and cellular Ca loading and perhaps limiting Ca overload-induced arrhythmias.
Apoptosis-induced histone H3 methylation is targeted by autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: C. C. van Bavel, J. W. Dieker, Y. Kroeze, W. P. Tamboer, R. Voll, S. Muller, J. H. Berden, J. van der Vlag
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

<h3>Objectives</h3> In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) apoptotic chromatin is present extracellularly, which is most likely the result of disturbed apoptosis and/or insufficient removal. Released chromatin, modified during apoptosis, activates the immune system resulting in the formation of autoantibodies. A study was undertaken to identify apoptosis-induced histone modifications that play a role in SLE. <h3>Methods</h3> The lupus-derived monoclonal antibody BT164, recently established by selection using apoptotic nucleosomes, was analysed by ELISA, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining using chromatin, cells, plasma and renal sections. Random peptide phage display and peptide inhibition ELISA were used to identify precisely the epitope of BT164. The reactivity of plasma samples from lupus mice and patients with SLE with the epitope of BT164 was investigated by peptide ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> The epitope of BT164 was mapped in the N-terminal tail of histone H3 (27-KSAPAT-32) and included the apoptosis-induced trimethylation of K27. siRNA-mediated silencing of histone demethylases in cultured cells resulted in hypermethylation of H3K27 and increased nuclear reactivity of BT164. This apoptosis-induced H3K27me3 is a target for autoantibodies in patients and mice with SLE and is present in plasma and in glomerular deposits. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In addition to previously identified acetylation of histone H4, H2A and H2B, this study shows that trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 is induced by apoptosis and associated with autoimmunity in SLE. This finding is important for understanding the autoimmune response in SLE and for the development of translational strategies.
607. Long-Term Phenotypic Correction of Canine Hemophilia B Following Systemic Administration of Helper Dependent Adenoviral Vector
Authors: Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Timothy Nichols, Donna Palmer, Stephanie McCorquodale, Elizabeth Merricks, Arthur Beaudet, Philip Ng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

We have evaluated the potential of liver-directed, helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) mediated gene therapy in the hemophilia B dog. Two dogs were injected intravenously with a HDAd expressing cFIX at a dose of 3|[times]|1012 vp/kg. Following injection, the whole blood clotting time for both dogs declined from > 60 minutes to 11-21.5 minutes for at least 529 and 382 days. Peak FIX activity of 34.1% and 129.2% was detected at 12-14 days and then slowly declined to 2% to 5% by 120 days and stabilized at these therapeutic levels for at least 418 and 257 days. For one dog, a peak FIX level of 500 ng/ml was achieved and has stabilized at >170 ng/ml for at least 256 days. For the other dog, a peak FIX level of 1258 ng/ml was achieved and has stabilized at >400 ng/ml for at least 213 days. Importantly, whereas untreated hemophilia B dogs suffer five to six spontaneous bleeds per year, the treated dogs suffered no such bleeds post-injection. Significantly, this study is the first to demonstrate long-term phenotypic correction of a genetic disorder in a large animal with HDAd. Although no evidence of chronic toxicity was observed in either animal, systemic vector administration at 3|[times]|1012 vp/kg was accompanied by acute, albeit transient and variable laboratory abnormalities (AST, ALT, AP, CPK and platelet counts). The results of this study highlight both the potential benefit and the risk associated with systemic intravascular delivery of high dose HDAd for liver-directed gene therapy.
Antibiotic Administration to Treat Possible Occult Bacteremia in Febrile Children
Authors: D M Jaffe, R R Tanz, A T Davis, F Henretig, G Fleisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We performed a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of antibiotic administration to treat possible occult bacteremia in febrile children. A total of 955 children aged 3 to 36 months with temperatures greater than or equal to 39.0 degrees C and no focal bacterial infection were enrolled at the emergency departments of two children's hospitals from January 1982 until July 1984. Blood samples for culture were obtained, and the children were randomly assigned to receive either oral amoxicillin or placebo and were restudied approximately 48 hours after enrollment. Data were also collected on 228 children who could not be randomly assigned. Twenty-seven of the randomly assigned children (2.8 percent) had bacteremic infections with pathogenic organisms (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and salmonella). There were no differences in the incidence of major infectious morbidity associated with bacteremia between the antibiotic and placebo groups--2 of 19 patients (10.5 percent) in the antibiotic group and 1 of 8 (12.5 percent) in the placebo group--although the power for this comparison was low. Antibiotics reduced fever (P less than 0.005) and improved the clinical appearance (P = 0.07) in the children with bacteremia but not in those without bacteremia. Although there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of side effects, diarrhea tended to occur more often in the patients treated with amoxicillin (15 vs. 11 percent, P less than 0.10). We conclude that our data do not support the routine use of standard oral doses of amoxicillin in febrile children who do not have evidence of focal bacterial disease.
The effects of fundholding in general practice on prescribing habits three years after introduction of the scheme
Authors: S. Stewart-Brown, R. Surender, J. Bradlow, A. Coulter, H. Doll
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Objectives: To observe changes in prescribing practice that occurred after the introduction of fundholding in first wave practices and to contrast these with changes occurring in similar nonfundholding practices. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Oxford region fundholding study. Subjects: Eight first wave fundholding practices and five practices that were not interested in fundholding in 1990-1, which were similar in terms of practice size, training status, locality, and urban rural mix. Three of the fundholding and none of the non-fundholding practices were dispensing practices. Main outcome measures: Changes in prescribing practice as measured by net cost per prescribing unit, cost per item, number of items prescribed, and substitution rates for generic drugs three years after the introduction of fundholding. Data for fundholding practices were analysed separately according to whether they were dispensing or non-dispensing practices. Results: Prescribing costs rose by a third or more in all types of practice. The patterns of change observed in this cohort after one year of fundholding were reversed. No evidence existed that fundholding had controlled prescribing costs among non-dispensing fundholders; costs among dispensing fundholders rose least, but the differences were small compared with the overall increase in costs. Conclusions: Early reports of the effectiveness of fundholding in curbing prescribing costs have not been confirmed in this longer term study.
Oral lixivaptan effectively increases serum sodium concentrations in outpatients with euvolemic hyponatremia
Authors: William T. Abraham, Guy Decaux, Richard C. Josiassen, Yoram Yagil, Nelson Kopyt, Hemant P. Thacker, Massimo Mannelli, Daniel G. Bichet, Cesare Orlandi, None for the HARMONY Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Migration of Polytetrafluoroethylene—Polytef
Authors: Barry O'Donnell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In the article entitled Migration and Granulomatous Reaction After Periurethral Injection of Polytef (Teflon) in the June 22/29, 1984, issue ofJAMA, the authors conclude by stating, Our opinion is that this substance should not be given to children or young adults with normal life expectancy until its long-term effects in humans are known. This is a surprisingly broad conclusion from an elegant but limited piece of experimental work. The authors do not even suggest that further experimental work is required. They cite a reference2reporting an instance (the first recorded) of polytef granulomas found in the lungs of a patient who had received two periurethral injections of polytef paste (10- to 15-mL second injection) two years and one year before his death by suicide. In the cited reference, it is noted that the polytef particles reached the pulmonary circulation via the prostatic venous plexus and
Retention of Life.
Authors: Thos. Wray Grayson
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Washington, Pa., July 31, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Apropos of the editorial on "Retention of Life," in theJournalof July 29, allow me to mention two cases which came under my observation in the past two years, while an interne in Western Pennsylvania Hospital. The first patient, a slender youth of 19 years, slipped while attempting to board a moving train. The wheels crushed the right upper arm, right side of the pelvis, and left thigh. He reached the hospital in ten or fifteen minutes. Bleeding had stopped, but the cinder-covered bowels were protruding over the crushed right os innominatum and lateral abdominal wall. The patient was conscious and rational for fully an hour after the injury, until he died. In October, 1897, a young tramp was found beside the Pennsylvania tracks, and brought to the hospital by ambulance. Examination showed both thighs entirely severed from the body, so
Adenovirus-encoded hammerhead ribozyme to Bcl-2 inhibits neointimal hyperplasia and induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis
Authors: H Perlman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

The balance between apoptosis and cell proliferation is vital for cellular homeostasis, yet little is known about the mechanisms that coordinate these two cell fates, particularly in the vessel wall. It is well established that the members of Bcl-2-gene family are regulators of apoptosis, but their role in cellular proliferation is less clear.We analyzed the effects of disrupting Bcl-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by adenoviral-mediated delivery of a hammerhead ribozyme against bcl-2 mRNA (Ad-Rbz-Bcl-2).Forced ablation of Bcl-2 in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries reduced cell number and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia. In vitro, VSMCs transduced with the Ad-Rbz-Bcl-2 underwent apoptosis as indicated by a reduction in cell number and DNA fragmentation. Ad-Rbz-Bcl-2-transduced cells also exhibited aberrations in both G1- and S-phases of the cell cycle. However, forced perturbations in cell cycle activity by serum-stimulation or treatment with chemical inhibitors did not affect Ad-Rbz-Bcl-2-induced cell death, indicating that these cell cycle changes are not essential for apoptosis.These data show that physiological levels of Bcl-2 are essential for VSMC viability and that ablation of Bcl-2 alters cell cycle activity through the execution of the apoptotic process.
Apical Hypertrophy Caused by Glycogen Storage Disease Creating Artifacts in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Hongcheng Shi, James Cotton, Michael D. Starsiak, James R. Galt, Raghuveer K. Halkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 46-year-old man with atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease was referred for myocardial perfusion imaging for the evaluation of chest pain. The patient underwent adenosine stress and rest dual-isotope myocardial perfusion imaging. There was no adenosine-induced chest pain or EKG changes specific for ischemia. Myocardial perfusion images demonstrated an apical "hot spot" and decreased tracer activity in the base of the heart. The polar plots showed a bright center with a rim of significant (>2.5 SD) defect around the base of the myocardium. Ischemia in the base of the heart, with the apex of the heart seemingly normal, was rather puzzling and correlation with magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed apical hypertrophy. Examination of the history revealed that the patient was diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy 2 years ago and endocardial biopsy showed intramyocardial glycogen on electron microscopy, suggesting glycogen storage disease. The case illustrates a "hot spot" resulting from apical hypertrophy creating artifactual fixed defects in myocardial perfusion images and in polar maps.
Problems with the concept of dominance and lack of empirical support for a testosterone–dominance link
Authors: John Archer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Mazur &amp; Booth fail to consider the conceptual complexities of dominance; it is unlikely that there is a motive to dominate in animals. Also, the lack of empirical evidence for a causal link between testosterone and dominance is obscured by the narrative reviewing procedure, which is prone to bias.
Should Insurance Cover Routine Immunizations?
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

ONE of the key recommendations of the National Vaccine Advisory Committee—for what it terms the nation's ailing immunization system—calls for medical insurance companies to cover routine childhood vaccinations. If compliance is not voluntary, the committee says, it should be mandated by legislation. The federal advisory committee's recommendations were made in response to the recent measles epidemic (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2163) and because evidence suggests that an increasing number of children who have medical insurance are being referred to already overtaxed public clinics for vaccinations. As a result, an alarming number of children, with and without insurance coverage, are failing to get vaccinations on schedule, the panel concludes. As serious as the measles situation is, it is only a "warning flag" of a potentially far greater problem, the advisory committee predicts: "The increase in measles cases is likely to be followed by outbreaks of other vaccine-preventable diseases." As one of the most contagious
573 MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-2 GENOTYPE IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR NON-ANASTOMOTIC BILIARY STRICTURES AFTER ORTHOTOPIC LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: W.R. ten Hove, B.-J.F. de Rooij, S. op den Dries, K.S. Korkmaz, B. van Hoek, R.J. Porte, J.J. van der Reijden, M.J. Coenraad, J. Dubbeld, D.W. Hommes, H.W. Verspaget
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Effects of danazol on incidence of progesterone and oestrogen receptors in benign breast disease.
Authors: C Panahy, J R Puddefoot, E Anderson, G P Vinson, C L Berry, M J Turner, C L Brown, A W Goode
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Results from a continuing clinical trial in benign breast disease indicate that danazol may induce progesterone receptors and that this effect persists after treatment. In women given danazol the number of biopsy specimens that were positive for progesterone receptors rose from 14 out of 31 before treatment to 23 out of 30 at the end of six months9 treatment and remained raised at 21 out of 31 six months later. The number of biopsy specimens that were positive for oestrogen receptors rose transiently from eight out of 31 to 12 out of 30 and then fell to six out of 31. A satisfactory clinical response was achieved in 26 of the 31 patients but was maintained in only 11 six months or more after the end of treatment. It was only in this group that a significant and long-standing increase in progesterone receptors was observed. These findings suggest that in some women with benign breast disease who have been treated with danazol changes occur that may have long term benefit.
A5-05: Anti-OX40 monoclonal antibody therapy in combination with radiotherapy results in powerful therapeutic antitumor immunity to murine lung cancer
Authors: Hiroshi Yokouchi, Koichi Yamazaki, Kenji Chamoto, Satoshi Oizumi, Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita, Takashi Nishimura, Masaharu Nishimura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
DIAZEPAM IN LONG-TERM CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: NELSON BORELLI, GORDON MARJERRISON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

High daily doses of diazepam given over a period of 4 months to 12 long-term chronic schizophrenic females failed to produce any sustained improvement in comparison to the degree of control previously obtained with phenothiazines. Side effects were very outstanding in more than half the patients.
Emerging roles of gut microbiota and the immune system in the development of the enteric nervous system
Authors: Panagiotis S. Kabouridis, Vassilis Pachnis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of neurons and glial cells that differentiate from neural crest progenitors. During embryogenesis, development of the ENS is controlled by the interplay of neural crest cell–intrinsic factors and instructive cues from the surrounding gut mesenchyme. However, postnatal ENS development occurs in a different context, which is characterized by the presence of microbiota and an extensive immune system, suggesting an important role of these factors on enteric neural circuit formation and function. Initial reports confirm this idea while further studies in this area promise new insights into ENS physiology and pathophysiology.