tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DENTAL IMPACTIONS AND THEIR SEQUELAE
Authors: E. F. THOLEN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The majority of impacted teeth that came under my observation during the last three years caused no pathologic changes or symptoms that could be detected by clinical or roentgenographic examination. The minority, however, which I now wish to report, namely, a series of eighty-four cases, gave rise to numerous serious and puzzling conditions that required the removal of the teeth and of the pathologic reactions to which they gave rise. In forty-eight from among these cases, the conditions were due to infection; in twenty-three, the symptoms could best be explained by the theory of reflex disturbances due to nerve pressure. In thirteen cases, I saw the patients because of postoperative complications. In the group of forty-eight cases there were nine in which local infection of the overhanging soft tissue or gingival involvements resulted in osteomyelitis, periostitis and necrosis. In one of these there was a temporal abscess that was cured
The mitochondrial ATP-dependent Lon protease: a novel target in lymphoma death mediated by the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO and its derivatives
Authors: Steven H. Bernstein, Sundararajan Venkatesh, Min Li, Jae Lee, Bin Lu, Shannon P. Hilchey, Kimberly M. Morse, Hollie M. Metcalfe, Jolanta Skalska, Michael Andreeff, Paul S. Brookes, Carolyn K. Suzuki
Journal: Blood (2012)
Environmental release of chemicals and reproductive ecology.
Authors: J S Bajaj, A Misra, M Rajalakshmi, R Madan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Reproductive ecology is defined as "the study of causes and mechanisms of the effects of environmental risk factors on reproductive health and the methods of their prevention and management." Major areas of concern, within the purview of this paper, relate to adverse pregnancy outcomes, effects on target tissues in the male and the female, and alterations in the control and regulatory mechanisms of reproductive processes. Teratogenic potential of chemicals, released as a result of accidents and catastrophes, is of critical significance. Congenital Minamata disease is due to transplacental fetal toxicity caused by accidental ingestion of methyl mercury. Generalized disorders of ectodermal tissue following prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls have been reported in Taiwan and Japan. The Bhopal gas disaster, a catastrophic industrial accident, was due to a leak of toxic gas, methyl isocyanate (MIC), in the pesticide manufacturing process. The outcome of pregnancy was studied in female survivors of MIC exposure. The spontaneous abortion rate was nearly four times more common in the affected areas as compared to the control area (24.2% versus 5.6%; p &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, while stillbirth rate was found to be similar in the affected and control areas, the perinatal and neonatal mortality rates were observed to be higher in the affected area. The rate of congenital malformations in the affected and control areas did not show any significant difference. Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were investigated in human survivors of exposure. The observed SCE frequencies in control and exposed groups indicated that mutagenesis has been induced. Strategies for the management, prediction, and preventability of such disasters are outlined.
Specific immunotherapy in honeybee venom allergy: a comparative study using aqueous and aluminium hydroxide adsorbed preparations
Authors: F. Ruëff, H. Wolf, J. Schnitker, J. Ring, B. Przybilla
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: For the immunotherapy of Hymenoptera venom allergy various preparations and treatment protocols are in use. However, controlled studies making direct comparisons of the efficacy and safety of different regimens are rare. Objective: To assess prospectively different venom immunotherapy (VIT) protocols using an aqueous or an aluminium hydroxide adsorbed allergen preparation for the treatment of honeybee venom (HBV) allergy. Methods: Sixty‐five HBV allergic patients (42 males, 23 females; aged 17–75 years) with a history of systemic anaphylactic reactions (SARs) to honeybee stings were treated according to three different regimens. During the incremental phase, patients in group A ( n = 21) or B ( n = 21) received an aqueous preparation according to a rush protocol. Patients in group C ( n = 23) were treated with conventional (‘slow’) VIT using an aluminium hydroxide adsorbed depot preparation. The maintenance dose was 100 μ g venom in all groups. Maintenance treatment in group A was performed with the aqueous preparation administered every 4 weeks, whereas in groups B and C the depot preparation was administered every 8 weeks (group B) or every 4 weeks (group C). A sting challenge test with a living honeybee was performed in 49 patients, 6–12 months after reaching the maintenance dose. Another seven patients were stung accidentally by a honeybee (‘field sting’). Results: Treatment with the aqueous preparation evoked large local reactions more frequently than the depot preparation in the dose increase phase [53/693 (7.6%) vs 8/206 (3.9%); P = 0.059] and also in the course of maintenance therapy [85/172 (49.4%) vs 58/478 (12.1%); P &lt; 0.001]. During the dose increase phase, systemic side‐effects seemed to occur more frequently in patients on rush VIT with the aqueous preparation compared to patients initially treated with the conventional schedule using the depot preparation [13/42 (31.0%) vs 3/23 (13.0%); not significant). When re‐stung by the culprit insect, SARs were observed in 3/20 patients (15.0%) in group A, 2/18 (11.1%) in group B and 3/18 (16.7%) in group C (not significant). Conclusions: The aluminium hydroxide adsorbed HBV preparation caused fewer large local reactions than the aqueous preparation. The therapeutic efficacy of the three treatment protocols did not differ.
Comparison of the bronchial response to running and cycling in asthma using an improved definition of the response to work.
Authors: G J Miller, B H Davies, T J Cole, A Seaton
Journal: Thorax (1975)

The bronchial responses to treadmill running and ergometer cycling have been compared in 13 adults with asthma. The exercises were performed on separate days with an interval ranging from three days to six months. The study was designed to ensure that the time course of oxygen consumption during running was replicated during cycling. The response to exercise was estimated by taking serial measurements of the maximum forced expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in one second before and after work. Indices used to describe the response were (b-a)/b and a/b, where b and a were the average lung function before and the lowest value after exercise respectively. There was no significant difference in the lung function of the subjects before running and cycling nor did the duration of exercise or oxygen consumption differ between the two exercises. Eleven of the 13 patients showed a reduction in ventilatory capacity after both forms of exercise. Differences in the lung function responses to the two forms of standard work were trivial and not statistically significant, amounting to only about 1%. It is suggested that previous reports of larger responses to running than cycling were probably due to higher energy expenditures during running. General problems regarding the description and comparison of the responses to exercise are discussed.
Aurora Kinases: New Targets for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Richard D. Carvajal, Archie Tse, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Aurora kinase family is a collection of highly related serine/threonine kinases that functions as a key regulator of mitosis. In mammalian cells, Aurora has evolved into three related kinases known as Aurora-A, Aurora-B, and Aurora-C. These kinases are overexpressed in a number of human cancers, and transfection studies have established Aurora-A as a bone fide oncogene. Because Aurora overexpression is associated with malignancy, these kinases have been targeted for cancer therapy. This article reviews the multiple functions of Aurora kinase in the regulation of mitosis and the mitotic checkpoint, the role of abnormal Aurora kinase activity in the development of cancer, the putative mechanisms of Aurora kinase inhibition and its antitumor effects, the development of the first generation of Aurora kinase inhibitors, and prospects for the future of Aurora kinase inhibition in the treatment of cancer.
Human Memory and Its Pathology
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

One way to study memory is to study forgetfulness. There are shades and degrees of forgetfulness. The man who forgets his wedding anniversary may not need a pneumoencephalogram, his wife's opinion notwithstanding. If he forgets having a wife, however, a neurologist, not a marriage counselor, may be the specialist of choice. This book reviews more serious forms of memory loss—amnesia and dementia—and their relationship to brain structure and function. Written by a French neurologist, it begins with suggestions for evaluating memory loss, mixing the science of Charcot with the intuition of Inspector Maigret in about equal parts. He next considers amnesias associated with specific brain lesions. The first group involves Korsakofftype memory loss in which immediate and remote memory are intact and the patient superficially may appear normal save for one defect: he cannot remember anything that happens a few minutes after it happens. At autopsy, such patients are often
Postchallenge plasma glucose and glycemic spikes are more strongly associated with atherosclerosis than fasting glucose or HbA1c level.
Authors: T S Temelkova-Kurktschiev, C Koehler, E Henkel, W Leonhardt, K Fuecker, M Hanefeld
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postchallenge plasma glucose (PG) (30, 60, 90, and 120 min during an oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT], as well as maximal PG during an OGTT, postchallenge glucose spikes [PGS], and glucose under the OGTT curve), and HbA1c to intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: OGTT, ultrasound measurement of carotid IMT, and various atherosclerosis risk factors, such as family history of diabetes, obesity, and/or hyperlipoproteinemia, but without known diabetes, were analyzed in 582 individuals aged 40-70 years and at risk for type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, all examined glycemic parameters were significantly correlated to IMT. The 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose showed the strongest odds ratio (OR) of 1.88 (1.34-2.63) in relation to abnormal IMT. All PG variables, except for 30-min glucose in OGTT, showed a significant OR, whereas the OR for HbA1c and FPG was not significant. In logistic regression analysis, 2-h PG was identified as the strongest determinant of IMT from all glycemic parameters. The 2-h PG and PGS, but not FPG, were associated with a significant rise of IMT in tertiles of HbA1c. Glycemic parameters were strongly related to each other and to many atherosclerosis risk factors. In multivariate analysis including a variety of atherosclerosis risk factors, 2-h PG was a significant independent determinant of IMT. CONCLUSIONS: PG and PGS are more strongly associated with carotid IMT than FPG and HbA1c level and modify substantially the risk for atherosclerosis, estimated by HbA1c alone, in a cohort at risk for diabetes and in the early diabetes stage.
Cognitive-Behavioural Group Intervention for Climacteric Syndrome
Authors: Judith Alder, Kathrin Eymann Besken, Ulrike Armbruster, Roberta Decio, Anja Gairing, Anjeung Kang, Johannes Bitzer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

During peri- and postmenopause there is a high prevalence of psychological symptoms such as emotional instability, depressive moods, anxiety, sleep disorders, and sexual dysfunction. Aetiologically relevant factors for discomfort are decline of sex hormones and psychosocial factors such as lifestyle, attitude towards menopause, pre-menopausal mental health and sociocultural factors. In contrast to the relevance of psychosocial factors, there are few studies on psychological interventions. The present study evaluates an open trial of cognitive-behavioural group intervention consisting of psychoeducation, group discussion and coping skills training for women suffering from climacteric symptoms.Thirty women were enrolled in this first trial. Standardised (MRS, HADS-D, Partnership Questionnaire, McCoy Female Sexuality Questionnaire) and especially developed ('Attitudes Towards the Menopause') instruments were administered 3 times, twice before (T1 and T2) and once after the group intervention (T3). General linear model repeated measures were used to analyse changes in questionnaire measures.Taking the average of the two pre-intervention scores, significant improvements were observed in anxiety (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.02), partnership relations (p < 0.02), overall score of sexuality (p < 0.02), hot flashes (p < 0.01) and cardiac complaints (p < 0.01) from pre- to post-intervention. No changes were found for sexual satisfaction and stressfulness of menopausal symptoms.This pilot study points at a possible effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural interventions for the treatment of climacteric syndrome. Further studies will have to use randomised trials, comparing different treatments (HRT, phyto-oestrogens, relaxation training, discussion groups) for their effectiveness.
Brief chemotherapy (Stanford V) and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advanced Hodgkin's disease: An update
Authors: S.J. Horning, S.A. Rosenberg, R.T. Hoppe
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)

From May 1989 to August 1995, 94 previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease stage II with bulky mediastinal involvement (n = 28) or stage III or IV (n = 66) received an abbreviated chemotherapy regimen, Stanford V, +/-radiotherapy (RT). Chemotherapy was given weekly for 12 weeks followed by consolidative RT to sites of initial bulky disease. With a median follow-up of 3 years, the actuarial 6-year survival is 93% and the freedom from progression is 89%. There have been no relapses or deaths among the 28 patients with stage II bulky mediastinal disease. Eight relapses and three deaths have occurred in the group of 66 patients with stage III-IV disease. The abbreviated chemotherapy regimen, Stanford V, in combination with RT is well tolerated and highly effective therapy for bulky, limited stage and advanced stage HD. Lower cumulative exposure to alkylating agents, doxorubicin, bleomycin and limited use of radiation is expected to improved the prospects for fertility and decrease the risks for second neoplasms and late cardiopulmonary toxicity.
Antipsychotic drugs and heart muscle disorder in international pharmacovigilance: data mining study
Authors: D. M Coulter
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To examine the relation between antipsychotic drugs and myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.Data mining using bayesian statistics implemented in a neural network architecture.International database on adverse drug reactions run by the World Health Organization programme for international drug monitoring.Reports mentioning antipsychotic drugs, cardiomyopathy, or myocarditis.A strong signal existed for an association between clozapine and cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. An association was also seen with other antipsychotics as a group. The association was based on sufficient cases with adequate documentation and apparent lack of confounding to constitute a signal. Associations between myocarditis or cardiomyopathy and lithium, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and risperidone need further investigation.Some antipsychotic drugs seem to be linked to cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. The study shows the potential of bayesian neural networks in analysing data on drug safety.
Transposable Elements Reveal the Impact of Introgression, Rather than Transposition, in Pisum Diversity, Evolution, and Domestication
Authors: A. V. Vershinin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

The genetic structure and evolutionary history of the genus Pisum were studied exploiting our germplasm collection to compare the contribution of different mechanisms to the generation of diversity. We used sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) markers to assess insertion site polymorphism generated by a representative of each of the two major groups of LTR-containing retrotransposons, PDR1 (Ty1/copia-like) and Cyclops (Ty3/gypsy-like), together with Pis1, a member of the En/Spm transposon superfamily. The analysis of extended sets of the four main Pisum species, P. fulvum, P. elatius, P. abyssinicum, and P. sativum, together with the reference set, revealed a distinct pattern of the NJ (Neighbor-Joining) tree for each basic lineage, which reflects the different evolutionary history of each species. The SSAP markers showed that Pisum is exceptionally polymorphic for an inbreeding species. The patterns of phylogenetic relationships deduced from different transposable elements were in general agreement. The retrotransposon-derived markers gave a clearer separation of the main lineages than the Pis1 markers and were able to distinguish the truly wild form of P. elatius from the antecedents of P. sativum. There were more species-specific and unique PDR1 markers than Pis1 markers in P. fulvum and P. elatius, pointing to PDR1 activity during speciation and diversification, but the proportion of these markers is low. The overall genetic diversity of Pisum and the extreme polymorphism in all species, except P. abyssinicum, indicate a high contribution of recombination between multiple ancestral lineages compared to transposition within lineages. The two independently domesticated pea species, P. abyssinicum and P. sativum, arose in contrasting ways from the common processes of hybridization, introgression, and selection without associated transpositional activity.
Varices in the Distal Duodenum Seen with a Fiber-Duodenoscope
Authors: T. Kunisaki, N. Someya, Y. Shimokawa, K. Okuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1973)

A rare case of varices in the third portion of the duodenum as seen with an Olympus JF-B duodenoscope is described. The unusual location of the varices was due to calcifying pylephlebitis secondary to schistosomiasis. Fiberduodenoscopy proved of value in the diagnosis when carried out in combination with roentgenographic studies. Biopsy from such lesions is contraindicated, however.
Effects of Aminophylline on the Pulmonary Circulation and Left Ventricular Performance in Patients with Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: GERALD W. MURPHY, BERNARD F. SCHREINER, PAUL N. YU
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The effects of aminophylline given intravenously on the pulmonary circulation and left ventricular performance were studied during combined right and transseptal left heart catheterization in 32 patients with mitral and aortic valvular disease. We recorded complete data on the changes of the pulmonary vascular distending pressure (P D ) and the pulmonary blood volume (PBV) before and during aminophylline infusion in 28 patients. In 19 patients a fall in the P D was associated with a rise in the PBV. In eight patients a decline in the P D was accompanied by a fall (five patients) or no change (three patients) in the PBV. In a single case, both P D and the PBV rose. In the majority of cases, observation of decrease in P D and a discordant rise in PBV is new evidence suggestive of a direct active vasodilating effect of aminophylline on the pulmonary vasculature. Although the cardiac index was unaffected, a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium was documented by a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure accompanied by an increase in the maximum rate of ventricular pressure rise (LV dp/dt). These findings contrast with those in certain patients with heart failure of nonvalvular origin in whom increases in cardiac index are usually prominent. The salutory effect of aminophylline in acute pulmonary edema is thought to be due to synergistic effects on the systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation, and left ventricular function, all of which tend to produce a fall in P D .
Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia is clinically distinct from unclassifiable myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Sa A. Wang, Robert P. Hasserjian, Patricia S. Fox, Heesun J. Rogers, Julia T. Geyer, Devon Chabot-Richards, Elizabeth Weinzierl, Joseph Hatem, Jesse Jaso, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Francesco C. Stingo, Keyur P. Patel, Meenakshi Mehrotra, Carlos Bueso-Ramos, Ken H. Young, Courtney D. Dinardo, Srdan Verstovsek, Ramon V. Tiu, Adam Bagg, Eric D. Hsi, Daniel A. Arber, Kathryn Foucar, Raja Luthra, Attilio Orazi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Low-Fat Diet and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: William J. McCarthy, Tony Kuo
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Why Are Toxic Reactions to Drugs So Often Undetected Initially?
Authors: Elliot S. Vesell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Soon after publications initially describe the actions of new drugs with high maximum effects but low therapeutic indexes, toxic reactions, often undetected in early studies, may appear.1 Ticrynafen, cimetidine, and amrinone are cases in point.Why do certain drugs produce toxicity in one of 100 patients, whereas other drugs adversely affect only one in 10,000 or 100,000 patients? Why are some patients sensitive and others resistant to a particular form of drug toxicity? Are apparent differences in toxicity among different drugs or different populations given the same drug real, or are they artifacts of ascertainment and reporting? Why are severe . . .