tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relative Effects of Heart Chambers, Lungs, and Mitral Insufficiency on the Shape of Indicator Dilution Curves
Authors: RICHARD W. EMANUEL, WILLIAM W. LACY, ELLIOT V. NEWMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

The shape of dilution curves obtained by sampling from different sites was studied in dogs following superior vena caval injections of dye. Synchronous sampling from paired sites enabled observations to be made on the separate effects of the right heart, left ventricle and aorta on the dye dilution curves, with and without mitral insufficiency. The results show that tile left ventricle and aorta have little effect on the final slope of a dilution curve across the lungs in dogs with normal hearts. In the presence of mitral incompetence the final slope across both lungs and heart was slower than in the normal, but these changes were related to cardiac output and increase in lung mixing volume rather than primarily to the incompetence of the valve.
Major and Minor Surgery
Authors: Lloyd F. Walk
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In your Jan 18, 1965, editorial comment on Small and Witt's communication, "Major and Minor Surgery" (<b>191</b>:243), you stated that you knew of no published information on the subject. Allow me to refer you to<i>The Medical Staff in the Hospital</i>by Thomas R. Ponton, pp 186-197 (ed 2 revised by Malcolm T. MacEachern, 1953, Chicago: Physicians Record Co.). I mention this not necessarily to applaud the book but to answer one of the questions. I enjoyed the article. The real need is touched upon by the closing sentence, "The material presented here is not intended for use in determining who should perform major or minor surgery."
CLEC-2 expression is maintained on activated platelets and on platelet microparticles
Authors: Eelo Gitz, Alice Y. Pollitt, Jerney J. Gitz-Francois, Osama Alshehri, Jun Mori, Samantha Montague, Gerard B. Nash, Michael R. Douglas, Elizabeth E. Gardiner, Robert K. Andrews, Christopher D. Buckley, Paul Harrison, Steve P. Watson
Journal: Blood (2014)
Peripheral metabolism of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide in the pregnant rat.
Authors: A I Katz, M D Lindheimer, M E Mako, A H Rubenstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

To clarify alterations in carbohydrate metabolism which occur in pregnancy, metabolic clearance rates of insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were measured by the constant infusion technique in term-pregnant rats and in virgin littermates. In addition, placental permeability to these peptides was evaluated by simultaneous determination of their concentration in fetal blood, amniotic fluid, and maternal arterial blood and the renal extraction and excretion of insulin and C-peptide were determined during simultaneous studies of renal hemodynamics. The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of insulin was higher (P less than 0.005) in pregnant animals (61.5+/-1.7 ml/min per kg nonconceptus body weight) than in virgin littermates (51.5+/-2.2 ml/min per kg). Insulin disappearance from the circulation after both single injection and discontinuance of a constant infusion was also faster in gravid animals. In contrast, the MCR of proinsulin and C-peptide, and the disappearance of C-peptide from the circulation were similar in pregnant and control rats. The placenta was virtually impermeable to each of the three polypeptides since their mean levels in both fetal blood and amniotic fluid did not exceed 2.5 ng/ml and were only minimally influenced by pharmacological concentrations as high as 60 ng/ml in the maternal circulation. The renal clearance of insulin (renal arteriovenous insulin difference X renal plasma flow) was lower, and its contribution to insulin MCR was less in pregnant animals than in controls (19.4+/-1.5% vs. 28.7+/-3.7%, P less than 0.05), whereas the renal clearance and renal clearance/MCR of C-peptide were similar in pregnant rats and virgin littermates. These results indicate that the peripheral metabolism of insulin is accelerated in pregnancy, while that of pro-insulin and C-peptide is unaffected. Since transplacental passage of insulin is negligible and its renal clearance is not increased, the enhanced MCR of insulin in pregnancy is due to increased metabolism at an extrarenal site probably within the placenta itself.
Barbiturates and fractures
Authors: R E Young, L E Ramsay, T S Murray
Journal: BMJ (1977)

sented, with 4 ' overall and none in the 2 pm-10 pm group.This at first sight implies that barbiturates protect against daytime fractures, but this would be ridiculous.Non- barbiturate hypnotics were under-represented in the nocturnal group and over-represented in the day groups with 216 cases (79 %).If the
Abstract 5647: Receptor tyrosine kinase plasticity as a mechanism of acquired resistance to cetuximab <i>in vitro:</i> potential for co-targeting with antibody mixtures.
Authors: Ida Kjaer, Michael Kragh, Ivan D. Horak, Mikkel Wandahl Pedersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Cetuximab is an EGFR-blocking antibody that belongs to the first generation of monoclonal antibodies approved for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic colorectal cancer. Although anti-EGFR therapy is clinically successful, development of cetuximab resistance is an increasing problem in the clinic. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for development of cetuximab resistance is valuable for development of the next generation of antibody therapeutics. Here we report the establishment of a number of cetuximab-resistant clones derived from the cetuximab-sensitive head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line HN5. Initial characterization of the cetuximab-resistant cells shows that the total level of EGFR is lower compared to the parental cells, but that the cetuximab binding is unaltered. However, cetuximab resistant clones remain dependent on EGFR for growth and proliferation, as a mixture of antibodies targeting non-overlapping epitopes on EGFR is able to partially overcome the cetuximab-induced resistance. Inititial results indicate that the antibody mixture overcomes cetuximab resistances by inducing efficient EGFR internalization followed by lysosomal degradation of the receptor. Removal of EGFR from the cell surface blocks interactions of EGFR with other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and intracellular proteins as compensatory response to cetuximab inhibition. The observed level of inhibition of the resistant clones by the anti-EGFR antibody mixture did not, however, induce as efficient growth inhibition as in the parental cells, indicating additional resistance mechanisms. Indeed we were able to show that adding antibodies to other RTKs to the anti-EGFR antibody mixture restored sensitivity of the resistant cells to a level similar to parental cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that cetuximab resistant clones remain partially dependent on EGFR for growth and proliferation. Additional RTKs are activated as a compensatory response to the EGFR inhibition, demonstrating the plasticity of the RTK family. Our results provide a rationale for targeting multiple RTKs to overcome acquired resistance to currently approved mAbs or to delay the emerge of resistance if used upfront. An update will be presented. Citation Format: Ida Kjaer, Michael Kragh, Ivan D. Horak, Mikkel Wandahl Pedersen. Receptor tyrosine kinase plasticity as a mechanism of acquired resistance to cetuximab in vitro: potential for co-targeting with antibody mixtures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5647. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5647
Fundamental Aids in Roentgen Diagnosis, Emphasizing Spot Filming and Fluoroscopy
Authors: Charles M. Nice
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Parts of this book previously appeared in the author's early work,<i>Fundamentals of Clinical Fluoroscopy</i>. The purpose of this monograph is also to give the reader an intelligent approach to the study and application of roentgenologic diagnosis, with emphasis on fluoroscopy and spot filming. Whenever a roentgenogram can give the same information as a fluoroscopic examination, taking the roentgenogram is preferable. After the roentgenogram has been reviewed it is frequently observed that the patient may benefit from a fluoroscopic examination. Very properly, the author begins with a discussion of the mechanics of production of fluoroscopic images and the need for protective measures in radiology. Following this are chapters on examination of the lungs, the heart, and the entire gastrointestinal system. A special chapter discusses intestinal obstruction, which is a very important clinical problem, and there are many ways in which the roentgenologic examination may assist in the diagnosis and management
Hepatitis-associated Antigen and Antibody in Uganda: Correlation of Serological Testing with Histopathology
Authors: P. P. Anthony, C. L. Vogel, F. Sadikali, L. F. Barker, M. R. Peterson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Histopathological findings in 91 Ugandan patients with cirrhosis were studied in relation to serological tests for the hepatitis-associated antigen (H.A.A.) and antibody (anti-H.A.A.). H.A.A. was present in 30 (32·9%) of the 91 patients as opposed to 7 (3·1%) out of 224 controls drawn from the same population (P&lt;0·001). Younger subjects and males were more frequently positive. There was no difference in the presence of anti-H.A.A. between patients and controls. Correlation of the results of serological testing with histopathological features showed that macronodular (“posthepatitic,” “postnecrotic”) types of cirrhosis, which predominate in Uganda, were associated with the presence of H.A.A. but that the much less common micronodular (“nutritional,” fatty, portal) type of cirrhosis was not. Evidence was found, on the other hand, for a direct role of alcoholism in the latter. Detailed histological analysis also showed two types of cellular change—liver cell swelling and dysplasia—to be associated with the presence of H.A.A. The data suggest an aetiological role for H.A.A. in most cases of cirrhosis in Uganda and these may be identified by histological criteria.
US tobacco firms target Asia
Authors: C. Wallerstein
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Health workers are warning that the recent, high profile legal cases against tobacco firms in the United States may lead to mass “dumping” of American made cigarettes in the Philippines, where the number of smokers has almost doubled in the past 10 years.

Latest statistics, from a survey of 4500 adults and 4500 minors, showed that 73% of adults, about a fifth of them women, and 56% …
Highlights of Neurosurgery in Canada
Authors: William Feindel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

On March 29, 1867, the British North America Act, the legal basis for confederation of Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into one dominion, received the Royal Assent of Queen Victoria. (The conditions were less hectic than those surrounding the earlier North American union in her grandfather's time.) The act stipulated, among other things, that each member province had exclusive rights to make laws in relation to "the Establishment, Maintenance, and Management of Hospitals, Asylums, Charities and Eleemosynary Institutions in and for the Province, other than Marine Hospitals." Education was also assigned as a provincial prerogative, with the result that development of medicine and surgery and their subspecialties continued to be closely identified with the universities and teaching hospitals in each of the provinces. In October of this same year, a second event of national significance was a convention of provincial medical representatives at Quebec city during
Hepatitis B virus infection initiates with a large surface protein–dependent binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans
Authors: Andreas Schulze, Philippe Gripon, Stephan Urban
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Contrary to many other viruses, the initial steps of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, including attachment to hepatocytes, specific receptor interactions, and membrane fusion, are unsolved. Using HepaRG cells as an in vitro cell culture system, we here report that HBV entry into hepatocytes depends on the interaction with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of cell-surface-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Binding to GAGs requires the integrity of the pre-S domain as a part of the large (L-) viral envelope protein. HBV infection was abrogated by incubation of virions with heparin, but not the structurally related GAGs chondroitin sulfate A, B, and C. Infection was also abolished by suramin, a known inhibitor of duck hepatitis B virus infection or highly sulfated dextran sulfate. Polycationic substances such as poly-L-lysine, polybrene, and protamine also prevented infection, however, by addressing cellular components. Enzymatic removal of defined acidic carbohydrate structures from the cell surface using heparinase I/III or the obstruction of GAG synthesis by sodium chlorate inhibited HBV infection of HepaRG cells and, moreover, led to a reduction of HBV cell surface binding sites. The biochemical analysis showed selective binding of L-protein-enriched viral particles (virions or filaments) to heparin. GAG-dependent binding of HBV was improved by polyethylene glycol, a substance that specifically enhances HBV infection.HBV infection requires the initial attachment to the carbohydrate side chains of hepatocyte-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans as attachment receptors. This interaction initializes the multistep entry process of HBV and cannot be bypassed by alternative routes.
171 Reinfection of liver graft by hepatitis B virus in transplant recipients with occult hepatitis B
Authors: A. Tagger, M.L. Ribero, E. Menatti, G. Binelli, C. Lombardo, A. Mazzocchi, M. Schiavo, A. Pulvirenti, E. Regalia, V. Mazzaferro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Blood Vessels and Circulation
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This volume concerns a symposium on the circulation of the skin, which was held at Brown University in 1960. The subjects discussed included vascular patterns, x-ray projection microscopy of the skin, fine structure of the capillaries, innervation of the blood vessels, capillary microscopy, effects of heat on cutaneous blood flow, special features of the circulation, and blood supply of tumors. These presentations are interesting but unusually brief and incomplete. The authors, obviously, have not attempted to review the literature but have merely presented selected aspects of the subjects for discussion. Unfortunately, the monograph fails to include any of the discussions. The lack of a fairly complete presentation of the respective subjects, coupled with the lack of discussion of these subjects, reduces the value of the book to those new in the field. Well-informed investigators may find certain chapters interesting, viz., the one on the fine structure of cutaneous capillaries and
1163-111 Myocardial performance index independently predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: The LIFE study
Authors: Kristian Wachtell, Vittorio Palmieri, Eva Gerdts, Jonathan N Bella, Markku S Nieminen, Michael H Olsen, Steen H Poulsen, Johan Ärnlöf, Vasilios Papademetriou, Björn Dahlöf, Richard B Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Adrenergic activation of cardiac phospholipase D: role of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes
Authors: K Mier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Adrenergic stimulation of the heart leads to activation of the phospholipase D signal transduction pathway with formation of the intracellular second messengers phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, which may play a role in the development of myocardial hypertrophy by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase C. So far, the adrenergic receptor subtypes mediating activation of cardiac phospholipase D are not known. Methods: We developed an assay for determination of phospholipase D activity in the isolated perfused rat heart. Utilizing the phospholipase D specific transphosphatidylation reaction the stable product phosphatidylethanol (PEtOH) is formed in rat hearts perfused in the presence of 1% ethanol. Myocardial PEtOH formation was used as a marker of phospholipase D activity and was determined by HPLC and evaporative light-scattering detection (PEtOH μg/mg myocardial protein). Results: Basal PEtOH formation in unstimulated hearts was 0.06±0.01 μg/mg. Stimulation of the hearts with norepinephrine resulted in a concentration-dependent phospholipase D activation with a maximum formation of PEtOH (0.17±0.01 μg/mg) at 100 μmol/l norepinephrine. The norepinephrine-induced increase in PLD activity was completely blocked by the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin and was unaffected by the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. Further characterisation of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes with selective α1-adrenoceptor antagonists demonstrated a complete inhibition of the norepinephrine-induced phospholipase D activation by WB 4101 (α1A-selective: 0.06±0.01 μg/mg) and by BMY 7378 (α1D-selective: 0.07±0.01 μg/mg). In contrast, the α1B-adrenoceptor antagonist chloroethylclonidine had no inhibitory effect on norepinephrine-stimulated phospholipase D activity (0.14±0.01 μg/mg). Conclusion: Adrenergic activation of the cardiac phospholipase D signal transduction pathway is mediated by α1-adrenoceptors. Here, the α1A-adrenoceptor subtype, but not the α1B-adrenoceptor are coupled to activation of cardiac phospholipase D.
Topical treatment of multiple actinic keratoses of the face with arotinoid methyl sulfone (Ro 14-9706) cream versus tretinoin cream: A double-blind, comparative study
Authors: J. Misiewicz, E. Sendagorta, A. Golebiowska, B. Lorenc, B.M. Czametzki, S. Jablonska
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
Music and the Brain: Studies in the Neurology of Music
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To objectively examine someone's labor of love poses immense difficulties for the reviewer. Perhaps the first question that needs to be asked is why this book was put together in the first place. I have a mental picture of a group of distinguished ladies and gentlemen, impeccably clad in evening attire, repairing to a salon following an unusually edifying performance of the London Philharmonic Orchestra. As a result of a lively discussion, neurologists, psychologists, musicologists, and just interested individuals among the participants must have decided to put on paper, in some kind of organized fashion, what is currently known about the brain's function in terms of composition, performance, and appreciation of music. The authors are, in fact, speaking to a group that is not much larger than themselves. Their own interest, be it historical, scientific, or simply cultural, is reflected in the individual contributions. Probably because of the widely divergent
The BCL-2 promoter (−938C&gt;A) polymorphism does not predict clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: M A Kaderi, M Norberg, F Murray, M Merup, C Sundström, G Roos, A Åleskog, K Karlsson, T Axelsson, G Tobin, R Rosenquist
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats is ameliorated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator fenofibrate, partly by suppressing inflammatory responses associated with the nuclear factor-kappa-b pathway
Authors: Takehiro Ogata, Takashi Miyauchi, Satoshi Sakai, Masakatsu Takanashi, Yoko Irukayama-Tomobe, Iwao Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Breathing and control of heart rate.
Authors: P Openshaw
Journal: BMJ (1979)

capsid antigen.The IgM titre was screened routinely at 1/8 but no further dilutions were assayed.The discrepancy in the titres re- ported from Manchester and Colindale on roughly contemporaneous samples can only be attributed to methodological differences.Antibodies to cytomegalovirus were de- tected in the laboratory of Professor Harold Stern, St George's Hospital Medical School, using complement fixation as stated in our article.Numerous attempts were made to isolate this virus from the patient's urine but without success.Because of limitations of space, we could only summarise the serological data in our article and we could not fully discuss the diagnostic possibilities.We agree that one cannot be dogmatic about the nature of this patient's illness.It is our belief that the most likely explanation is that she had a primary infection with EB virus to which she was unable to make an adequate immunological response.Indeed, the antibody titres to cyto- megalovirus may be attributable to cross- reaction of antibody between this virus and EB virus.'However, we agree that we cannot exclude the possibility that this patient had a double infection with both viruses and that the impaired response to EB virus reflects the immunosuppression induced by cytomegalovirus.
Why homolaterality of language and hand dominance may not be the expression of a specific evolutionary link
Authors: Bencie Woll, Jechil S. Sieratzki
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Although gestures have surface similarities with language, there are significant organisational and neurolinguistic differences that argue against the evolutionary connection proposed by Corballis. Dominance for language and handedness may be related to a basic specialisation of the left cerebral hemisphere for target-directed behaviour and sequential processing, with the right side specialised for holistic-environmental monitoring and spatial processing.
Evolution of the Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase: The Plasticity of Primary Metabolism in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes
Authors: C. Grauvogel, H. Brinkmann, J. Petersen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) has an essential function in both catabolic glycolysis and anabolic gluconeogenesis and is universally distributed among Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and some Archaea. In addition to the cytosolic GPI, land plant chloroplasts harbor a nuclear encoded isoenzyme of cyanobacterial origin that is indispensable for the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP) and plastid starch accumulation. We established 12 new GPI sequences from rhodophytes, the glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa, a ciliate, and all orders of complex algae with red plastids (haptophytes, diatoms, cryptophytes, and dinoflagellates). Our comprehensive phylogenies do not support previous GPI-based speculations about a eukaryote-to-prokaryote horizontal gene transfer from metazoa to γ-proteobacteria. The evolution of cytosolic GPI is largely in agreement with small subunit analyses, which indicates that it is a specific marker of the host cell. A distinct subtree comprising alveolates (ciliates, apicomplexa, Perkinsus, and dinoflagellates), stramenopiles (diatoms and Phytophthora [oomycete]), and Plantae (green plants, rhodophytes, and Cyanophora) might suggest a common origin of these superensembles. Finally, in contrast to land plants where the plastid GPI is of cyanobacterial origin, chlorophytes and rhodophytes independently recruited a duplicate of the cytosolic GPI that subsequently acquired a transit peptide for plastid import. A secondary loss of the cytosolic isoenzyme and the plastid localization of the single GPI in chlorophycean green algae is compatible with physiological studies. Our findings reveal the fundamental importance of the plastid OPPP for Plantae and document the plasticity of primary metabolism.
Chronic estradiol treatment reduces platelet responses and protects mice from thromboembolism through the hematopoietic estrogen receptor α
Authors: Marie-Cécile Valéra, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Pierre Gourdy, Françoise Lenfant, Cendrine Cabou, Celine E. Toutain, Marlene Marcellin, Nathalie Saint Laurent, Pierre Sié, Michel Sixou, Jean-François Arnal, Bernard Payrastre
Journal: Blood (2012)