tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aging and hepatotoxicity of isoniazid and rifampin in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Authors: P van den Brande, W van Steenbergen, G Vervoort, M Demedts
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We evaluated whether elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and without apparent preexisting liver disease are at an increased risk to develop hepatotoxicity from an isoniazid-rifampin regimen and require regular liver function tests in comparison with younger patients. We analyzed the data of 131 patients treated in the period 1980-1985 of whom 64 (49%) were at least 60 yr of age. Subsequent increases of transaminases (measured weekly for as long as 4 wk after the start of treatment and later on when symptoms suggestive of hepatotoxicity occurred) above baseline values were found more frequently in the elderly (38 versus 18%, p < 0.05) and were also more pronounced in them (p < 0.01). The ratio of the highest transaminase value over the baseline value was called the transaminase index (TI). A TI of at least 5 was found in 22% of elderly and 8% of younger patients (p = NS), but ratios as high as 10 were mostly asymptomatic and always normalized progressively without treatment adjustment. Only symptomatic patients with a TI > or = 10 (five elderly and three younger) required temporary or definitive treatment adjustment. We conclude that repeated liver function test evaluations are generally unnecessary, except for symptomatic elderly and younger patients alike, in order to detect those with a TI > or = 10, thus requiring drug adjustment.
More than 800 patients with suspected cancer were never seen, hospital admits
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More than 800 people who were referred urgently to oncologists by GPs and dentists for suspected cancer over a period of nearly four years were not followed up, a hospital trust has admitted.

West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust is reviewing the cases of 810 people who between January 2010 and November 2013 were not offered a second appointment after failing to turn …
Narrative Review: Alternative Causes for Elevated Cardiac Troponin Levels when Acute Coronary Syndromes Are Excluded
Authors: Allen Jeremias, C. Michael Gibson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Current guidelines for the diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are largely based on an elevated troponin level. While this rapid and sensitive blood test is certainly valuable in the appropriate setting, its widespread use in a variety of clinical scenarios may lead to the detection of troponin elevation in the absence of thrombotic acute coronary syndromes. Many diseases, such as sepsis, hypovolemia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, myocarditis, myocardial contusion, and renal failure, can be associated with an increase in troponin level. These elevations may arise from various causes other than thrombotic coronary artery occlusion. Given the lack of any supportive data at present, patients with nonthrombotic troponin elevation should not be treated with antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents. Rather, the underlying cause of the troponin elevation should be targeted. However, troponin elevation in the absence of thrombotic acute coronary syndromes still retains prognostic value. Thus, cardiac troponin elevations are common in numerous disease states and do not necessarily indicate the presence of a thrombotic acute coronary syndrome. While troponin is a sensitive biomarker to “rule out” non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, it is less useful to “rule in” this event because it may lack specificity for acute coronary syndromes.
Anthrax Genomes Analyzed
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of therapeutic paracentesis on plasma volume and transvascular escape rate of albumin in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Joan Saló, Angels Ginès, Pere Ginès, Carlos Piera, Wladimiro Jiménez, Mónica Guevara, Glòria Fernández-Esparrach, Paul Sort, Ramón Bataller, Vicente Arroyo, Joan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits Atherogenesis in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits
Authors: Kazunobu Ishikawa, Daisuke Sugawara, Jun Goto, Yasuyuki Watanabe, Keiichi Kawamura, Masashi Shiomi, Hiroyuki Itabe, Yukio Maruyama
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is proposed to have a variety of adaptive responses against oxidative stress. To examine the function of HO-1 against atherogenesis in vivo, we observed the effects of HO-1 inhibition on atherosclerotic lesion formation in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits (WHHL). Methods and Results During 4 weeks of a 1% cholesterol diet, intravenous injections of Sn-protoporphyrin IX to inhibit HO-1 (S group, n=10) and saline as a control (C group, n=10) were given to 3-month-old WHHL rabbits. The percentages of en face atherosclerotic lesion areas in total descending aorta by Sudan IV staining (EFA) and the ratio of intima to media in microscopic atherosclerotic lesions in the ascending aortas (I/M) were calculated. Two different quantitative methods revealed significantly greater atherosclerotic lesions in the S group than the C group (EFA, P &lt;0.001; I/M, P &lt;0.005). HO-1 expression in atherosclerotic lesions was confirmed by Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses. The dominant cell types expressing HO-1 were macrophages and foam cells, in which oxidized phospholipids were also accumulated. HO inhibition increased plasma and tissue lipid peroxide levels without affecting plasma lipid co osition. Conclusions These results suggest the possibilities that HO-1 has antiatherogenic properties in vivo and that the antiatherogenic properties of HO-1 are conducted through the prevention of lipid peroxidation.
Zinc status of children with sickle cell disease: Relationship to poor growth
Authors: Carol K. Phebus, Barbara J. Maciak, Margaret F. Gloninger, Harbajan S. Paul
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

We examined the zinc status of 80 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 44 disease-free sibling controls aged 3 to 18 years. For both patients and controls, variations in serum zinc by age, type of hemoglobinopathy, and growth status were measured. The mean serum zinc concentration of patients was significantly lower than for controls (77.8 +/- 9.9 vs. 82.2 +/- 9.8 micrograms/dl, mean +/- 1SD, P less than .05). Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), two zinc-dependent proteins, were also lower among patients (AP: 171 +/- 66 vs. 243 +/- 97 IU/L, P less than .001; RBP: 1.92 +/- .9 vs. 2.77 +/- .9 mg/dl, P less than .001). Patients greater than or equal to 12 years of age (n = 34) had significantly lower zinc levels than those less than 12 years (74.5 +/- 8.4 vs. 80.3 +/- 10.3 micrograms/dl, P less than .01), and children with homozygous SCD (Hb SS, n = 55) had a more pronounced deficiency than those with a variant hemoglobinopathy (76.3 +/- 8.9 vs. 81.5 +/- 11.5, micrograms/dl, P less than .05). Patients classified as having "poor" growth (height-for-age less than 5th percentile, n = 24) had a lower serum zinc level than those with "normal" growth (72.8 +/- 8.0 vs. 79.8 +/- 10.0 micrograms/dl, P less than .01). Dietary intake data, body mass index, and serum total protein and albumin levels were similar for patients and controls, suggesting that zinc deficiency in SCD does not relate to inadequate dietary intake. The origin of low serum zinc levels in children with SCD is more likely to relate to factors such as increased urinary zinc excretion, chronic intravascular hemolysis, and/or zinc malabsorption.
The Energy for Ventricular Defibrillation — Too Little or Too Much?
Authors: Bernard Lown, Richard S. Crampton, Regis A. DeSilva, Joseph Gascho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The introduction of direct-current discharge defibrillation into clinical use1 has provided a high yield of resuscitations and has gained universal acceptance. It seemed until recently that this starkly simple electronic device would withstand the onslaught of technologic innovation and inevitable obsolescence. Although the technic is not being challenged, under question is the adequacy of energy being provided by present-day instruments.2 3 4 The general thesis being espoused by the proponents of an energy-dose concept is that body weight is an important determinant of defibrillation energy requirements and that apparatus in current use are inadequate for heavy subjects. This is an issue of . . .
Inducing labour reduces risk of caesarean delivery by 12%, finds analysis
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The risk of a caesarean delivery was 12% lower in women whose labour was induced than in women who were managed with expectant management, a new analysis has found.

Researchers led by Khalid Khan, professor of women’s health and epidemiology at Barts and the London School of Medicine in London, carried out their study because they said that there was confusion about the risks associated with induction despite recent studies that had shown that there were fewer caesarean deliveries with induced labour than without it.

They conducted …
Capsule Endoscopy: In Difficult Cases the Capsule Can Be Ingested Through an Overtube
Authors: E. Skogestad, J. K. Tholfsen
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Capsule endoscopy has become an important tool in the diagnosis of small-bowel diseases [1] [2]. The M2A capsule is 11 × 27 mm in size, and for most patients, swallowing the capsule does not pose any problems. However, some patients may have difficulties, and different methods of overcoming these have been described [3] [4]. We describe the ingestion of an M2A capsule through an overtube.
Alterations of intercellular communication in neonatal cardiac myocytes from connexin43 null mice
Authors: M Vink
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

To compare gap junction expression and intercellular coupling in wildtype neonatal cardiac myocytes to those from mice lacking the most abundant cardiac gap junction protein (connexin43, Cx43).Northern and Western blots compared connexin mRNA and protein levels, immunocytochemistry evaluated connexin distribution in neonatal Cx43 null(-/-), heterozygous(+/-) and wildtype(+/+) mouse hearts. Ca(2+) imaging, dye coupling and electrophysiological methods evaluated intercellular communication.Similar levels of Cx40 and Cx45 were detected in all genotypes, although in adult cardiac tissue from wildtype mice, Cx43 expression was higher than in heterozygotes. After culturing dissociated cells for 3-4 days, cardiocytes beat spontaneously; in Cx43(+/+) and (+/-) cultures, the beating was generally quite synchronous. In Cx43(-/-) mice, interbeat intervals were on average twice as long and more variable than in Cx43(+/+) or Cx43(+/-) cultures. Junctional conductance was lower by about 60% in Cx43(-/-) as compared to Cx43(+/-) and (+/+) littermates; Lucifer Yellow dye coupling was virtually absent in Cx43(-/-) cardiomyocytes but was comparably strong in wildtype and heterozygous siblings. Macroscopic junctional conductance measurements on Cx43(-/-) cardiocytes showed slightly stronger voltage sensitivity in these cells than in Cx43(+/+) cardiocytes. Unitary junctional conductance measurements revealed distinct populations of channels contributing to macroscopic conductance for Cx43(+/+) and Cx43(-/-) genotypes.In Cx43-deficient cardiac myocytes, the expression of other connexins only partially compensates for the functional loss, with dye coupling and spontaneous beating being strongly impaired.
Abstract 3388: Progression of ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive breast cancer is associated with gene expression programs of EMT and myoepithelia
Authors: Agnieszka Witkiewicz, Adam Ertel, Erik S. Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor lesion that can give rise to invasive breast cancer (IBC). It has been proposed that both the nature of the lesion and the tumor microenvironment play key roles in progression to IBC. Here laser capture microdissected tissue from pure DCIS and pure IBC were employed to define key gene expression profiles in either the epithelial or stromal compartment associated with disease progression. Each tissue had distinct gene expression profiles, and a DCIS/IBC classifier accurately distinguished DCIS versus IBC in multiple independent data sets. However, contrary to other studies that profiled DCIS associated with IBC, we found that the most significant alterations in gene expression were observed in the epithelial compartment rather than in the stroma. In particular, genes associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and myoepithelial cell specific genes were enriched in invasive cancer relative to pure DCIS. Such alterations in transcript levels were associated with all subtypes of breast cancer, but were particularly indicative of poor outcome in ER-negative breast cancer. Together, these studies indicate that lesion specific differences in gene expression associated with invasive phenotype are particularly relevant in the progression of DCIS to IBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3388. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3388
Inotropic and calcium kinetic effects of calcium channel agonist and antagonist in isolated cardiac myocytes from cardiomyopathic hamsters.
Authors: L Y Sen, M O'Neill, J D Marsh, T W Smith
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The mechanism by which heart cells of cardiomyopathic (CM) hamsters become calcium overloaded is not known. We examined the number of slow calcium channels, calcium uptake via slow calcium channels, calcium pool sizes, and the contractile response to Bay K 8644, verapamil, and nifedipine using isolated cardiac myocytes from 8-9-month-old CM hamsters (BIO 14.6) and age-matched normal controls. The number of dihydropyridine binding sites as assessed by specific binding of [3H]PN200-110 was similar in the two groups (control hearts: Bmax = 333 +/- 89 [mean +/- SD] fmol/mg; CM hearts: Bmax = 357 +/- 75 fmol/mg; n = 5 experiments, p = 0.6). Current density through L-type calcium channels was determined using the whole-cell clamp technique (at -50 mV holding potential and -10 mV test potential) and was the same in CM myocytes (17.8 +/- 1.5 [mean +/- SD] pA/pF) and control myocytes (18.6 +/- 2.1 pA/pF) (n = 5 experiments, p = 0.5). The current-voltage relation (test potentials varied from -40 to +50 mV) was also the same in CM and control cells, as was apparent threshold, peak current, and reversal potential. However, the initial rate of 45Ca influx as well as the size of the rapidly exchangeable calcium pool was significantly greater in myocytes obtained from CM than from normal hamsters. In both myocyte preparations, Bay K 8644 increased the rate of 45Ca uptake by 25% at 60 seconds; verapamil decreased 45Ca uptake at 60 seconds by 16% and 17% in normal and CM hamsters, respectively. A similar inhibitory effect was observed with nifedipine. The amplitude of cell motion in cells driven at 1.5 Hz as assessed by an optical-video system increased progressively with increasing concentrations of extracellular calcium or Bay K 8644 in cardiac myocytes from normal or CM hamsters. However, the concentration-effect curves for the two effectors were shifted to the left in CM cells compared with cells from normal hamsters. Both preparations demonstrated similar contractile responses to verapamil and nifedipine. These findings demonstrate that single enzymatically dissociated cardiac myocytes from CM hamsters have impaired contractile properties analogous to those seen in the intact heart and thus provide a useful experimental system in which to study underlying cellular mechanisms operative in this model of heart failure. Our results further indicate that calcium overload in CM hamster cardiac myocytes may not be due to increased calcium influx via dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels, as suggested previously, but rather to abnormalities of intracellular calcium homeostasis.
Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>in Vasotonic Angina Pectoris
Authors: Rose Marie Robertson, David Robertson, L. Jackson Roberts, Richard L. Maas, Garret A. FitzGerald, Gottlieb C. Friesinger, John A. Oates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2), an arachidonic acid metabolite causing vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation, is a putative mediator of coronary-artery vasospasm. To determine whether platelet-released TxA2 causes coronary arterial vasospasm, we measured plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2, the inactive hydration product of TxA2) in the radial-artery and coronary-sinus blood of seven patients and performed therapeutic trials of antiplatelet agents in nine. Although coronary-sinus TxB2 levels rose from the base line approximately fivefold with spontaneous ischemia, samples drawn early in ischemia showed no rise over base-line values. Although a 150-mg dose of aspirin reduced urinary dinor-TxB2 levels by over 75 per cent, it had no effect on the course of the chronic recurrent form of angina pectoris due to vasospasm ("vasotonic angina"). Similarly, indomethacin had no effect on the frequency or duration of ischemia. TxA2 is unlikely to cause vasotonic angina, but it may be released during coronary vasospasm. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:998–1003.)
Hif-2α is not essential for cell-autonomous hematopoietic stem cell maintenance
Authors: Amelie V. Guitart, Chithra Subramani, Alejandro Armesilla-Diaz, Gillian Smith, Catarina Sepulveda, Deniz Gezer, Milica Vukovic, Karen Dunn, Patrick Pollard, Tessa L. Holyoake, Tariq Enver, Peter J. Ratcliffe, Kamil R. Kranc
Journal: Blood (2013)
Multiple Tense Bullae Localized to the Right Breast in a Woman in Her Seventies
Authors: Xiaolong Zhou, Nicole F Velez, Taraneh Farsani, William Tsiaras, Alvaro C Laga, Andrew E Werchniak, Ruth Ann Vleugels
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Awoman in her 70s presented with a 1-month history of multiple tense bullae on the right breast associated with worsening erythema and tenderness. Four months prior, she had completed radiation therapy (RT) to this site (total energy dose, 50 Gy [to convert to rad,multiplyby 100]) for treatmentof invasiveductal breast carcinoma.Shewas initially treatedwithdicloxacillin sodiumforpossible bullous impetigo after a culture demonstrated Staphylococcus aureus but was then hospitalized for administration of broadspectrum intravenous antibiotics after demonstrating no clinical improvement. On physical examination, thereweremultiple tense 0.5to 3-cm bullae localized to the right breast (Figure, A and B). The bullae, aswell asmultiple erosions and surrounding erythema, occurredwithin thepreviously irradiated site, as demarcatedby radiation tattoos (Figure, A). There was no involvement of mucosal membranes. Punch biopsies were performed (Figure, C and D). What is your diagnosis?
Review: Some instruments predict development of persistent, disabling low back pain
Authors: Tim Carey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club17 August 2010Review: Some instruments predict development of persistent, disabling low back painTim Carey, MD, MPHTim Carey, MD, MPHCecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (T.C.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-02013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationChou R, Shekelle P. Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain? JAMA. 2010;303:1295-302. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20371789Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 Pengel LH, Herbert RD, Maher CG, Refshauge KM. Acute low back pain: systematic review of its prognosis. BMJ. 2003;327:323. [PMID: 12907487] Google Scholar2 Chou R, Qaseem A, Snow V, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:478-91. [PMID: 17909209] Google Scholar3 Lamb SE, Hansen Z, Lall R, et al. Group cognitive behavioral treatment for low-back pain in primary care: a randomized controlled trial and cost-effectiveness analysis. Lancet. 2010;375:916-23. [PMID: 20189241] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (T.C.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 August 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 August 2010Volume 153, Issue 4Page: JC2-13KeywordsBehaviorDrug therapyElectronic medical recordsExerciseLower back painMedical risk factorsProspective studiesQuestionnairesRisk management ePublished: 17 August 2010 Issue Published: 17 August 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
SUPPRESSION OF PDK4 IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENHANCED GLUCOSE OXIDATION AND ATROPHY IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF ANIMALS WITH CHRONIC LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Aalap D. Chokshi, Raffay Khan, John Morrow, Chad Trent, Steven Marx, Ira Goldberg, P. Christian Schulze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
PROGNOSIS OF VASOSPASTIC ANGINA PATIENTS WHO SURVIVED CARDIAC ARREST: DOES IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS HAVE AN IMPACT?
Authors: Junichi Nishida, Mina Kawamukai, Atsushi Mochizuki, Hidemichi Kouzu, Atsuko Muranaka, Nobuaki Kokubu, Shinya Shimoshige, Satoshi Yuda, Mamoru Hase, Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Tsuchihashi Kazufumi, Tetsuji Miura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)