tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Seroepidemiology of Human Sarcoma Antigen (S<sub>1</sub>)
Authors: Yashar Hirshaut, Dawn T. Pei, Ralph C. Marcove, Bijay Mukherji, Arthur R. Spielvogel, Edward Essner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A previously identified tumor-associated antigen of human sarcomas, S1, has been studied to characterize further its association with neoplasia. We used an immunofluorescence test on 166 serum specimens from normal persons and 295 from patients with neoplasia to determine the distribution of S1 antibody. The prevalence of antibody to S1 in the normal population varies considerably with age. Thirty-nine (91 per cent) of 43 persons between five and 20 years of age had serum antiS1 activity, whereas of 39 above the age of 41 only 13 (33 per cent) were similarly reactive. Neoplasia may induce the reappearance of S1 antibody. Significant antibody levels were found in more than 80 per cent of patients with carcinoma of the breast, lung and melanoma 41 years of age or older. An inverse relation of antibody prevalence to extent of disease was noted in persons with Hodgkin's disease. Available data suggest that S1 is a "heterophil" type of antigen. Although not tumor-specific, S1 may prove useful both for the detection of neoplasia and for the evaluation of response to anti-tumor therapy. (N Engl J Med 291:1103–1107, 1974)
[103] HUMAN LIVER MYOFIBROBLASTS UPREGULATE ENDOTHELIAL RECRUITMENT OF LEUKOCYTES VIA CXCR AND PROMOTE INTEGRIN DEPENDENT LYMPHOCYTE CAPTURE FROM FLOW
Authors: A.P. Holt, P.F. Lalor, E.L. Haughton, C.D. Buckley, G.E. Rainger, D.H. Adams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
The mechanism of transluminal angioplasty: evidence for formation of aneurysms in experimental atherosclerosis.
Authors: T A Sanborn, D P Faxon, C Haudenschild, S B Gottsman, T J Ryan
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Quantitative histologic examination (morphometric analysis) of pressure-perfused rabbit atherosclerotic arteries was used to determine whether compression of atheromatous material occurs with transluminal angioplasty. Experimental atherosclerosis was developed in both iliac arteries, with transluminal angioplasty performed on the left iliac while the right iliac served as a nondilated control. Angiography showed equal degrees of luminal narrowing before angioplasty (p = NS). Angioplasty reduced the left iliac narrowing in all animals studied. Morphometric analysis of histologic sections of the left and right iliac arteries disclosed significant differences in luminal and total vessel areas (p less than .05), whereas arterial wall (intima and media) areas were similar (p = NS). Dilated areas often demonstrated marked intimal splitting with dissection into the media. At higher magnification, loss of nuclear staining and dense layers of extracellular matrix consistent with stretching were frequently seen. It is concluded that the major mechanism of successful transluminal angioplasty is stretching of the vessel, resulting in localized aneurysm formation. Intimal splitting implies inelasticity of the neointima. No evidence of compression and remodeling of atheromatous material was disclosed in this study.
Vertebral Hemangioma Mimicking a Metastatic Bone Lesion in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: REINALDO LAGUNA, FRIEDA SILVA, JOSÉ VAZQUEZ-SELLÉS, ELBA ORDUÑA, CHARLIE FLORES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

The authors report a case of abnormal accumulation of I-131 in a thoracic vertebra in a patient with a well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The presumptive diagnosis was metastatic bone disease. Further diagnostic work-up confirmed a benign bone lesion. Bone metastasis, when shown on I-131 whole-body scintigraphy, usually supports a change in the staging and therapeutic approach to a patient with thyroid carcinoma. The authors believe that, although an infrequent lesion, the differential diagnosis of abnormal accumulation of I-131 in the body of a vertebra in patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma should raise the possibility of a benign hemangioma. Complete work-up of the suggested bone metastatic lesion should be performed before tumor restaging and I-131 therapy is recommended.
Effects of spontaneous respiration on left ventricular function assessed by echocardiography.
Authors: K Andersen, H Vik-Mo
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The effects of quiet respiration on assessment of left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography were investigated in 12 healthy men. End-diastolic area in the parasternal short-axis view decreased with inspiration (from 17.3 +/- 2.1 [mean +/- SD] to 16.0 +/- 2.1 cm2, p less than .01), while end-systolic area did not change (from 7.6 +/- 1.4 to 7.7 +/- 1.5 cm2; NS). A fixed cursor that was located through the center of the left ventricular area at end-expiration made a tangential cut of the area at end-inspiration were smaller along the cursor than through the center of the short-axis area both at end-diastole (1.9 +/- 1.7 mm; p less than .01) and end-systole (3.8 +/- 4.0 mm; p less than .01). Our results suggest a need for standardization with regard to respiratory phases in assessment of left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography and indicate the occurrence of inspiratory reduction of left ventricular stroke volume associated with decreased diastolic filling. Motion of the heart relative to the echo beam may play a part in the respiratory variations in left ventricular dimensions assessed by M mode echocardiography.
Should we screen for abdominal aortic aneurysm? Yes
Authors: Stephen Brearley
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In January, the government announced five pilot screening programmes for aortic aneurysm in men aged 65 in England. <b>Stephen Brearley</b> describes the rationale for this proposal while <b>James Johnson</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39514.494167.AD) argues that it is not without pitfalls
CHRONIC ACETANILID POISONING
Authors: Luther C. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Two decades ago, acute and chronic acetanilid poisoning from the use of various "headache powders" was quite common. Following the elimination of the more dangerous proprietary preparations from the market and the widespread propaganda against their use generally, instances of acetanilid poisoning have greatly diminished. Nevertheless, an occasional case of acute poisoning is still encountered resulting from an overdose or following a usual dose in patients with an idiosyncrasy for the drug. Chronic poisoning is apparently rarer and for this reason the following case is reported. The continued use of medicaments containing acetanilid or acetphenetidin may result in the habituation of the patient to the drug. Sudden discontinuance of the drug is frequently followed by "withdrawal" symptoms. The habituation, the clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory characteristics of the poisoning, and the subsequent withdrawal symptoms are exemplified in the case here reported. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> R. H., a man, aged
Microbe-host interactions in the alimentary tract: the gateway to understanding inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: N FRENCH
Journal: Gut (2000)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), typified by ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, has an aetiology that appears to possess both genetic and environmental components. A number of mouse models of intestinal inflammation have been identified. For example, the interleukin (IL)-10 knockout mouse develops inflammation that is histologically similar to Crohn's disease1 while the IL-2 and T cell receptor α knockout animals develop inflammation that resembles ulcerative colitis.2 3 Together with other genetic mutant mouse models that develop IBD, these reports strongly support the view that genetic defects can predispose an individual to IBD. To our knowledge, however, the genetic defect models that have been described to date do not develop overt IBD if they are kept in a pathogen free environment, implying that the mucosal microflora plays a role in the initiation and/or perpetuation of the disease process. Despite the uncertain aetiology of IBD, the symptoms of the disease are associated with overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines and a commonly held view is that the disease is primarily a consequence of a deregulated adaptive immune system.

Transcriptional control of many inflammatory cytokines (including IL-4, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), etc) is mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB,4 a key component in the inducible transcription of proinflammatory cytokines. NF-κB is normally retained in the cytoplasm by binding to its inhibitor protein, IκB, which masks the NF-κB nuclear localisation signal (NLS).5 A broad range of external stimuli that lead to activation of NF-κB set off signalling cascades that ultimately converge on the IκB kinase (IKK) complex.6 Activated IKK specifically and directly phosphorylates IκB and this phosphorylation event targets IκB for degradation.5 As a consequence, NF-κB NLS is uncovered and nuclear translocation occurs. External stimuli that can activate NF-κB include IL-1β, TNF-α, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major constituent …
When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy in Children Aged 2–5 Years: A Collaborative Causal Modelling Analysis of Cohort Studies from Southern Africa
Authors: Michael Schomaker, Matthias Egger, James Ndirangu, Sam Phiri, Harry Moultrie, Karl Technau, Vivian Cox, Janet Giddy, Cleophas Chimbetete, Robin Wood, Thomas Gsponer, Carolyn Bolton Moore, Helena Rabie, Brian Eley, Lulu Muhe, Martina Penazzato, Shaffiq Essajee, Olivia Keiser, Mary-Ann Davies
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Michael Schomaker and colleagues estimate the mortality associated with starting ART at different CD4 thresholds among children aged 2–5 years using observational data collected in cohort studies in Southern Africa. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Recognizing Early Myxoedema
Authors: A. U. MacKinnon
Journal: BMJ (1967)

underground workers.The helmet will only protect the head from injury if it is worn correctly and is designed to prevent those injuries which are foreseen.It must always be regarded as a second line of defence; accident prevention must be the primary aim.Mr. Jennett is in error when he states that V. S. Caviness's conclusions' were based solely on a study of first world war gunshot wounds.In the statement I quoted from reference was made to the work of W. F. Caveness,' who investigated 356 young adult males who sus- tained head injuries in the Korean war cam- paign.Of these, 159 had non-missile head injuries.The report deals with the occurrence
CT-MIBI Image Fusion: Transmission and Emission Tomography for Localization of Bronchogenic Carcinoma and Nodal Metastasis
Authors: Rajnish Sharma, Parul Bhatnagar, Anupam Mondal, K Sawroop, Mita Datta, Ravi Kashyap
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Tc-99m sestamibi is known to concentrate in bronchogenic cancer but it lacks the anatomic details for proper management of the patient. Tc-99m MIBI SPECT imaging can detect bronchogenic cancer with high specificity and high positive predictive value. Tc-99m sestamibi SPECT/CT was performed with a gamma camera mounted anatomic x-ray tomography (GMAXT-GE Medical Systems, Millenium VG with Hawkeye). For comparison with GMAXT, additional high-resolution CT of the mediastinum was performed. Correct preoperative localization was achieved. The lesions found on the MIBI scan were found to be located in the right lung. Apart from this, another lesion was noted on the MIBI scan. On fusion images, this lesion was found to be in the right anterior axillary fold. CT–nuclear medicine fusion imaging guided fine needle aspiration cytology done from the lesion in the axillary fold gave a diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma. This was later confirmed by surgical biopsy of the lymph node. Later biopsy reports on bronchoscopy confirmed the lung lesion to be adenocarcinoma.
THE FACTOR OF IMMUNIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: William L. Ford, Morten Simonsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Using a popliteal lymph node weight assay the graft-versus-host activity of lymphocytes from donors immunized with allogeneic tissue has been assayed by comparison with that of lymphocytes from nonimmune donors. When the donors were immunized against weak histocompatibility antigens (non-AgB) the specific GVH activity of its lymphocytes was increased. This increase was greater if spleen cells rather than thoracic duct lymphocytes were the source of the donor cells used for assay. The increase in GVH activity was also greater if the standard immunization procedure of two successive skin allografts was followed by three boosting injections of allogeneic lymphoid cells. When donors were immunized against strong histocompatibility antigens the specific GVH activity of the donors' lymphocytes was slightly increased, was unchanged, or was actually decreased depending on the experimental situation. In donors rendered incapable of a humoral alloantibody response by whole body X-irradiation, immunization across a strong barrier was followed by little or no increase in the specific GVH activity of TDL. In the rat, as in other species, the increase in GVH activity after immunization is inversely proportional to the strength of the antigenic barrier involved.
FDA begins active monitoring of drug safety
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

After growing fears in recent years over the safety of drugs, the US Food and Drug Administration has announced the start of a surveillance programme to actively monitor drugs for problems.

The first phase of the Sentinel Initiative will tap into Medicare’s Part D prescription claims database, which serves 25 million Americans aged 65 years or older. Its participants have, on average, 28 prescriptions a year, while those in poor health have about 45. This compares with the US average of about 13 prescriptions a year.

Under the initiative FDA computers will be able to ask questions of the database and seek out associations between drug …
New eye hazard.
Authors: F R Neubert
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The abnormal lipid pattern is the first change to occur as hypothyroidism de- velops and the last to disappear on treat- ment, or remains the sole abnormal finding on inadequate therapy as shown in the data presented by Dr. Evered and his col- leagues.Although the lipid alteration is unexplained, it cannot therefore be dis- missed with the words, "the hepatic mechanisms for cholesterol excreion and catabolism are unlikely to be prescient of a future hormone deficiency."3The conclusions regarding T4 dosage, reached as a result of the excellent work by Dr. Evered and his colleagues, are in conflict with mine, based on simpler tests done on a great number of patients.Dr.Evered and his colleagues will warn that over-treated hypothyroid patients will suffer from fragile bones and I will con- tinue to warn that under-treated hypothyroid patients may die of coronary artery disease.-Iam, etc.,
Hypoglycaemic Sulphonamides in Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: G. Walker, W. L. B. Leese, J. D. N. Nabarro
Journal: BMJ (1956)

DIABETES RDITIASHL 451effect on the fasting blood-sugar levels.The higher the initial fasting blood sugar the greater was the hypo- glycaemic effect obtained.The four patients receiving BZ 55 in addition to insulin had better control than when receiving insulin only, but the series is too small to achieve significance.Studies of arteriovenous bloodsugar differences and of the changes in serum inorganic phosphorus levels provided no evidence that BZ 55 increased the effectiveness of the peripheral action of insulin.We are grateful to Mrs. H. M. McGregor and' Miss L.
Isoflurane compared with midazolam in the intensive care unit.
Authors: S. M. Willatts, C. Prys-Roberts, K. L. Kong, E. M. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1989)

patients who have already shown premorbid depression are predisposed to Parkinson's disease (N S Harvey et al, ninth international symposium on Parkinson's disease, Jerusalem, 1988).As geriatricians we see depression and dementia developing in a proportion of the predominantly elderly patients wvith this discase, some of whom
Malaria in Britain: 1977-86
Authors: P A Phillips-Howard, D J Bradley, M Blaze, M Hurn
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The incidence of malaria in Britain as reported to the Malaria Reference Laboratory during the past decade has increased by 51%, from 1529 to 2309 cases, and infection with Plasmodium falciparum has increased from one fifth to one third of all cases. The case fatality rate for P falciparum infections declined from 2·7% to 0·5%. Of the 67 persons who died, 54 were of British origin, nine of Asian descent, and four African. Sixteen had taken chemoprophylaxis; of these, nine had taken pyrimethamine alone. The pattern of infection shows that resident ethnic minority groups, temporary residents from west Africa, and tourists who visit Kenya are particularly at high risk. The calculated attack rates suggest that men, children, and young adults are at greater risk of malaria than women and older people. Rates are highest in immigrants who have settled in Britain who visit relatives: 316 and 331 per 100 000 for Africa and Asia respectively, 120 and 39 in tourists to those same regions, and 228 and 38 in business travellers to those regions.
Apoptosis induction with three nucleoside analogs on freshly isolated B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: P. L. Zinzani, P. Tosi, G. Visani, G. Martinelli, P. Farabegoli, M. Buzzi, E. Ottaviani, M. Salvucci, M. Bendandi, A. Zaccaria, S. Tura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

The cytotoxic effects and the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) by Fludarabine (FLU), 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), and deoxycoformycin (DCF) with/without alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) were evaluated in vitro against freshly isolated B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Cytotoxicity was evaluated according to the soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay. Regarding the cytotoxicity, FLU, 2-CdA, and DCF showed a mean antitumor activity of 45% +/- 3.39 (mean +/- S.D.), 55% +/- 4.72, and 20% +/- 3.16, respectively. alpha-IFN alone showed a mean cytotoxic activity of 10% +/- 2.72. The cytotoxicity of these purine analogues in combination with alpha-IFN was 52% +/- 2.97, 75% +/- 3.41, and 26% +/- 7.09, respectively. We observed a statistically significant increase of cytotoxicity compared to controls in FLU alone (P < 0.05), 2-CdA (P < 0.05), and their combination with alpha-IFN (P < 0.05). Apoptosis was evaluated by electrophoresis gel of DNA oligonucleosomal fragments and by a cytofluorimetric method. Only FLU and 2-CdA activated the apoptosis and DCF showed a minor apoptotic pathway amount. These apoptosis data were confirmed by both gel electrophoresis of DNA and by propidium iodide cytofluorimetric method. FLU and 2-CdA show activity in B-CLL cells by direct cytotoxic action and the induction of cell death by apoptosis; in the future, it would be interesting to utilize these in vitro assays in monitoring chemosensitivity and predicting response for the clinical use.
α4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein–independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels
Authors: Peter Vajkoczy, Melanie Laschinger, Britta Engelhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Direct in vivo evidence is still lacking for alpha4-integrin-mediated T cell interaction with VCAM-1 on blood-brain barrier-endothelium in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To investigate a possible alpha4-integrin-mediated interaction of encephalitogenic T cell blasts with VCAM-1 on the blood-brain barrier white matter endothelium in vivo, we have developed a novel spinal cord window preparation that enabled us to directly visualize CNS white matter microcirculation by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. Our study provides the first in vivo evidence that encephalitogenic T cell blasts interact with the spinal cord white matter microvasculature without rolling and that alpha4-integrin mediates the G protein-independent capture and subsequently the G protein-dependent adhesion strengthening of T cell blasts to microvascular VCAM-1.
Case 55-1963
Authors: Kurt J. Isselbacher, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of Case First admission. A forty-four-year-old woman entered the hospital because of vaginal bleeding.Two years previously the menstrual periods became irregular. For several weeks before admission there was intermittent staining; the bleeding increased in amount during the two days before entry and became profuse on the evening of admission. An umbilical hernia became evident several months before entry. She had lost 17 pounds in weight over a six-month period. She admitted the consumption of up to 6 glasses of beer on weekends, but denied the occurrence of jaundice, dark urine, other bleeding manifestations or edema. Because of . . .
Trichostatin A and Oncolytic HSV Combination Therapy Shows Enhanced Antitumoral and Antiangiogenic Effects
Authors: Ta-Chiang Liu, Pedro Castelo-Branco, Samuel D Rabkin, Robert L Martuza
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) possess direct oncolytic and antiangiogenic activities and are promising anticancer agents, but their efficacy, when used as single agents, leaves room for improvement. We investigated whether combination therapy of HSV with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), an agent that also targets cancer cells and tumor vasculature, would result in enhanced efficacy. In vitro, TSA and G47Δ showed strong synergy of action against proliferating endothelial cells, varying degrees of synergistic action against most cancer cell lines, but no effect in quiescent, normal endothelial and prostate epithelial cells. Synergy is dependent on viral replication; however, it is not dependent on the dosing sequence of TSA and G47Δ, viral genetic alterations, infectivity, or replication kinetics of G47Δ. Using an isogenic cell system, we found that a high level of cellular cyclin D1 is also critically important for the interaction. Normal cells with low cyclin D1 levels were not subjected to toxicity by either agent. In tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells, the combination treatment enhanced the inhibition of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Concurrent systemic TSA and intratumoral G47Δ administration resulted in enhanced antiangiogenesis and enhanced antitumoral efficacy in animal models. Therefore, combination treatment with TSA and oncolytic HSV provides a novel approach to cancer therapy. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) possess direct oncolytic and antiangiogenic activities and are promising anticancer agents, but their efficacy, when used as single agents, leaves room for improvement. We investigated whether combination therapy of HSV with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA), an agent that also targets cancer cells and tumor vasculature, would result in enhanced efficacy. In vitro, TSA and G47Δ showed strong synergy of action against proliferating endothelial cells, varying degrees of synergistic action against most cancer cell lines, but no effect in quiescent, normal endothelial and prostate epithelial cells. Synergy is dependent on viral replication; however, it is not dependent on the dosing sequence of TSA and G47Δ, viral genetic alterations, infectivity, or replication kinetics of G47Δ. Using an isogenic cell system, we found that a high level of cellular cyclin D1 is also critically important for the interaction. Normal cells with low cyclin D1 levels were not subjected to toxicity by either agent. In tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells, the combination treatment enhanced the inhibition of cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Concurrent systemic TSA and intratumoral G47Δ administration resulted in enhanced antiangiogenesis and enhanced antitumoral efficacy in animal models. Therefore, combination treatment with TSA and oncolytic HSV provides a novel approach to cancer therapy.