tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmural Channels Can Protect Ischemic Tissue
Authors: Peter Whittaker, Karel Rakusan, Robert A. Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We previously found that transmural laser channels failed to acutely increase myocardial blood flow. Nevertheless, this method is being used to treat patients with coronary artery disease who are unable to undergo angioplasty or bypass graft surgery and in cases in which previous surgery has failed. To reconcile the lack of an acute increase in blood flow with beneficial effects claimed in patients, our hypothesis was that the channel-making process might, over time, stimulate a protective effect, possibly by the growth of new vessels linking channels to the existing circulation. We tested this hypothesis in rat hearts, which have little native collateral circulation. Methods and Results We made six transmural channels in the left ventricle of each heart using a 400-μm-diameter optic fiber coupled to a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser or a 400-μm-diameter syringe needle. Two months after the channels were made, rats were randomized to either an infarct-size study or analysis of myocardial capillary density. We challenged any induced protective mechanism by acutely occluding the left coronary artery for 90 minutes, followed by 4.5 hours of reperfusion. The artery was then reoccluded, and pigment was injected into the circulation to delineate tissue perfused by the occluded vessel and to detect perfusion via the channels. We used triphenyltetrazolium staining to determine the amount of muscle necrosis and the location of muscle protection. Infarct size in needle-treated hearts was smaller than in controls (15±6% versus 40±3% of the left ventricle, P &lt;.01). Infarct size in laser-treated hearts (27±5%) did not differ significantly from controls; however, all eight laser-treated hearts showed evidence of muscle protection in areas adjacent to channels. We found that the laser-made channels were associated with more fibrosis than the needle-made channels (mean width of fibrosis 430±50 versus 180±30 μm, P &lt;.0001), and, in tissue remote from channels, fibrosis was increased more in laser-treated hearts (3.6±0.3%) versus both control (2.5±0.2%) and needle-treated (2.5±0.3%) hearts ( P &lt;.05). In addition, muscle disarray was seen adjacent to channel-associated fibrosis. We observed injected pigment within fibrosis associated with the channels and in surrounding myocardium. We also found vessels that appeared to be connected to channels; however, there was no overall increase in capillary density. Conclusions We were able to protect the heart against coronary artery occlusion by making transmural channels 2 months before occlusion. Channels created by a needle provided greater protection than channels created by a laser, probably because they caused less initial injury. Our results are consistent with the concept that the channels were able to provide blood flow to the tissue directly from the ventricular cavity; however, we cannot rule out the possibility that other mechanisms of protection may be involved.
ALLERGIC NEURITIS: AN EXPERIMENTAL DISEASE OF RABBITS INDUCED BY THE INJECTION OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS TISSUE AND ADJUVANTS
Authors: Byron H. Waksman, Raymond D. Adams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), produced by injecting rabbits with whole rabbit spinal cord together with tubercle bacilli and mineral oil, lesions comparable to those seen in the central nervous system are found in the nerve roots, spinal ganglia, and peripheral nerves. When special fractions of bovine white matter are used as antigen in rabbits, the same distribution of lesions is seen but peripheral nerve involvement is relatively less frequent. When rabbit sciatic nerve or spinal ganglia are used as antigen in rabbits, lesions occur only in the roots, ganglia, and peripheral nerves. Lesions are not produced in the central nervous system, nor is there a meningitis. This disease picture has been called experimental allergic neuritis (EAN). The antigenicity of rabbit nerve is not impaired by autoclaving. Sciatic nerve of other mammalian species produces the same disease in rabbits as does rabbit nerve. Optic nerve, used as antigen, produces the typical picture of EAE, not EAN. The optic nerves are not affected in EAN, whereas they commonly contain lesions in EAE. There are differences of symptomatology, referable to the difference in distribution of lesions, between EAE and EAN. The spinal fluid of EAE shows an increase both in the number of cells and in the total protein content. In EAN, the same changes in protein are observed, but usually the cell count remains normal. The cell count appears to be related to the involvement of cerebral and spinal meninges, which is an almost invariable accompaniment of EAE. The skin tests and serologic studies made with homologous and heterologous antigens were essentially non-contributory, apparently as a consequence of the diversity of antigens present in the inoculated materials. The similarity between EAN and certain of the human polyneuritides is indicated and discussed.
Translating Coverage Gains into Health Gains for All Women and Children: The Quality Care Opportunity
Authors: Wendy J. Graham, Affette McCaw-Binns, Stephen Munjanja
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

The proportion of women and childrenreceiving health care in the poorest coun-tries is increasing [1]. Unfortunately, mark-ers of improved health outcomes, such asfalling maternalornewbornmortality,havenot matched expectations from the gains inthe coverage of care.Robust evidenceexistsfor one explanatory factor: the poor–richgaps in coverage found along the continu-um of care for women and children, andparticularly for the crucial period aroundchildbirth [2]. The more-neglected expla-nation for the mismatch between coverageand health outcomes is the quality of thecare provided to women and children,which isthefocus of Year 1 of the MaternalHealth Task Force (MHTF)-PLOS Collec-tion on Maternal Health (http://www.ploscollections.org/maternalhealth_year1)and our short commentary.Although inadequacies in care havelong been noted across the world and formany health problems [3], a focus on themagnitude, costs, and consequences spe-cifically for women and children in low-income countries is relatively new, and stillhas not achieved the status of a politicalpriority [4]. This contrasts markedly withthe attention paid to the coverage of care.Here we seek to highlight the synergiesbetween inequalities in coverage andquality. The inverse care law [5] proposesthat quality of care varies inversely withneed, and we extend this to emphasizethat poor quality care is disproportionatelyborne by the poorest groups of womenand children. Our commentary is struc-tured around a key cause and a conse-quence of the neglect of quality—weakmeasurement and poor evidence foraction—and concludes with priorities forseizing the quality care opportunity.
Microbial Cell Walls
Authors: George Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book contains 3 lectures that were given in 1960 at the Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. The first deals with  and General Properties of Microbial Cell Walls, the second with Chemistry of Cell Walls, and the third with Enzymic Degradation and Biosynthesis of Microbial Walls.  Little detailed knowledge of microbial structures could be obtained until the introduction of electron microscopy. The development of electron microscopy, according to Salton, and the recently acquired wealth of biochemistry, made possible the study of the major structural components of microbial cells. His lectures illustrate the successful application of the techniques of biophysics, chemistry, and biochemistry to one aspect of microbial anatomy. Cell walls can be differentiated from other microbial structures such as flagella, fimbriae, ribosomes, and intracellular particles with the aid of electron microscopy. Isolation of cell walls can be accomplished by mechanical disintegration, by osmotic lysis, or by
Endoscopic Injection Hemostasis of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: G. Bertoni, R. Conigliaro, E. Ricci, M. G. Mortilla, G. Bedogni, G. Fornaciari
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

See also: Endoscopic Hemostasis of a Bleeding Diverticulum of the Sigma with Fibrin SealantEndoscopy 1993; 25(02): 193-193DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010286 Corrected by: Errata: Endoscopic Injection Hemostasis of Colonic Diverticular Bleeding: A Case ReportEndoscopy 1990; 22(04): 202-202DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012847
The Surgeon's Use of the Rigid and Flexible Bronchoscopes in the Diagnosis of Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: M.H. Ashraf, R.K. Walesby, M.P. Shepherd, H.C. Nohl-Oser
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The results of a prospective study comparing the rigid and flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and assessment of bronchial carcinoma are reported. One hundred and nine patients underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy and these were compared with a similar group of 111 patients in whom the rigid bronchoscope was used. Bronchoscopic diagnosis of malignancy was achieved in 73.4% of patients in the fibreoptic group and in 73% using the rigid bronchoscope.
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. I. The British background for American medicine
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A duration of a hundred years provides a certain stability. The century mark offers a point of rest, wherein we can pause, look back on past accomplishments, evaluate them, and look forward to the future. We may make a comparison, perhaps, with climbing a mountain and coming to a clearing. Here we can stop for a moment of retrospection and feel pleased that we have overcome so many difficulties. At the same time, on looking back, we see where we might have missed the best path and, moreover, the shape of the terrain that led us astray. We can also look upward toward an ever receding summit that we know we will never reach. The historian, dealing with the past, describes the way that the past has brought us to where we are now. And for the historian, a century is like a cleared space part way up the mountain—a
TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS SIMULATING COELIAC DISEASE
Authors: E. C. Warner
Journal: BMJ (1931)

JOURNAL-a good recovery.Her convalescence, though protracted, was ,very satisfactory, despite a small faecal fistula which persisted at the site of the pelvic drainage tube for about a month before closing spontaneously.CASE II (S. C. C.) Perforation of typhoid ulcers complicating pregnancy, with operation forty hours after onset: recovery.L. H. A., aged 28, wife of a Chinese military officer, was adrmitted to hosp;tal on-November 18th, 1930, wzitlh the follow- ing history.She had been ill for twelve days, sufferinig from fever, headache, and abdominal discomfort.Following the ing-estion of a herbal remedy recommended by a native mrel-dicine man'" she was seized with acute abdominal pain onI the eveining of November 16th.She vomited several times
The i-patient
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

My brother lay semiconscious, the concrete block from the roof beside him. Blood leaked over his face. When he came round I dragged him—in the style of a matinee war film—inside to Mum. She washed his face, put pressure on his scalp wound, then put him to bed to sleep it off. Next day he was ready for school. We lived 30 km from a medical clinic and had no car. Coughs, colds, …
Fundamentals of Radiology
Authors: Luther W. Brady
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The first edition of this book has become established as a needed standard for teaching of radiology in medical schools across the United States. The present edition continues the high standard set by the first. It is clear in its explanations and logical in its presentations. It utilizes the technique of diagnostic problems in a superb manner and is done in a fashion that is memorable and highly creditable. The presentation is suitable not only for medical students but for medical professionals at every level of training, as well as for those in allied health professions who seek a more basic understanding of diagnostic radiology. The publication achieves a high level of quality in its illustrations, with major improvement in the material given. Confusing information has been eliminated and other passages revised. The chapters on the diagnostic radiology of the kidney and gall bladder have been rewritten to make them
Expression of the human germinal center–associated lymphoma (HGAL) protein identifies a subset of classic Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center derivation and improved survival
Authors: Yasodha Natkunam, Eric D. Hsi, Patricia Aoun, Shuchun Zhao, Paul Elson, Brad Pohlman, Hina Naushad, Martin Bast, Ronald Levy, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: Blood (2006)
Abstract 3753: Quantitation of EGFR and phosphoEGFR in FFPE tissue
Authors: Todd Hembrough, David Krizman, Jenny Heidbrink-Thompson, Sheeno Thyparambil, Jon Burrows, Marlene Darfler, Paul Taylor, Jiefie Tong, Warren Shi, Ming Tsao, Michael Moran
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a drug target for both small molecule and antibody therapeutic approaches for several cancers; however, current methods of selecting patients that will most likely respond to anti-EGR therapy are not effective. Better methods for patient stratification are needed. To this end we have developed an approach which can determine both absolute EGFR levels and the phosphorylation status of EGFR directly in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) patient tissue. This approach is based on the Liquid Tissue®-SRM technology platform, a combination of tissue microdissection, Liquid Tissue® processing which turns dissected tissue to a complete solubilized tryptic digest, and mass spectrometry-based selected reaction monitoring (SRM). This approach was used to measure the EGFR protein and its phosphorylation status in formalin fixed tissue culture cells, xenograft tumors, and patient tumor tissue. For assay development, 3 distinct tryptic peptides were assessed for absolute protein quantitation and multiple peptides where specific residues are known to become phosphorylated (pT693 and pY1197) were assessed for assaying the phosphorylation status of the EGFR protein. We demonstrate the ability to detect and quantify the EGFR protein and to monitor its phosphorylation status directly in patient tumor tissue. This approach offers a dynamic range and quantification which is superior to traditional IHC methods, and that could be used to identify and stratify patients most likely to benefit from anti-EGFR therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3753.
Vietnamese Type 2 Diabetic Subjects With Normal BMI but High Body Fat
Authors: Le Nguyen Trung Duc Son, Tran Thi Minh Hanh, Kaoru Kusama, Yoko Ichikawa, Nguyen Thi Kim Hung, Shigeru Yamamoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Subjects with type 2 diabetes often have high percentages of BMI, abdominal fat, and body fat (BF%). The accumulation of fat in the body is a continuous process and has a strong effect on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (1,2). However, knowledge about diabetes in Vietnamese is still scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric features of diabetes in Vietnamese.

Forty-eight …
Carcinoid Syndrome and Oat-cell Carcinoma of the Bronchus
Authors: J. G. Azzopardi, A. R. Bellau
Journal: Thorax (1965)

In 1960 Williams and Azzopardi reported the first case of oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus associated with the carcinoid syndrome and active production of 5-hydroxyindoles. No similar case has to our knowledge been recorded until recently when Gowenlock, Platt, Campbell, and Wormsley (1964) reported a patient with an oat-cell carcinoma of the bronchus; this secreted 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in contrast to the conventional 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) secreting carcinoid tumour. Though assay of the tumour for 5-hydroxyindoles was negative, these workers produced evidence that the oat-cell carcinoma in their patient was directly responsible for the endocrine secretion. We now report a third patient with oat-cell carcinoma and associated carcinoid syndrome: this report confirms and extends the original observations. In addition, the relation of oat-cell carcinoma to bronchial carcinoid is discussed.
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome with Central Nervous System Disease Mimicking Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: ELAINE L. ALEXANDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Central nervous system involvement has occurred in approximately 20% of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome evaluated at our institution. Characteristically, the neurologic dysfunction is multifocal, involving both the brain and spinal cord, and is recurrent over time. We present the features of 20 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and central nervous system involvement whose neurologic findings, evoked potential abnormalities, and cerebrospinal fluid profiles (elevated IgG indices, oligoclonal bands on agarose gel electrophoresis, and mild pleocytosis with reactive lymphoid cells) closely resembled those of multiple sclerosis. In fact, multiple sclerosis was considered the most likely diagnosis in each of these patients before diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome, and each patient met criteria for definite multiple sclerosis. The clinical effects of corticosteroid treatment during episodes of acute neurologic dysfunction appeared to be beneficial in these patients.
Hematopoietic colony–stimulating factors mediate tumor-nerve interactions and bone cancer pain
Authors: Matthias Schweizerhof, Sebastian Stösser, Martina Kurejova, Christian Njoo, Vijayan Gangadharan, Nitin Agarwal, Martin Schmelz, Kiran Kumar Bali, Christoph W Michalski, Stefan Brugger, Anthony Dickenson, Donald A Simone, Rohini Kuner
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Hepatobiliary Imaging in Gallstone Ileus
Authors: GODOFREDO R. BOCOBO, JAMES D. SLAVIN, HEMALATHA RAO, DEAL ASELTINE, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Hepatobiliary imaging was performed in a woman who, at subsequent surgery, was found to have gallstone ileus due to a large gallstone obstructing the proximal jejunum. The triad of findings (failure of the radiopharmaceutical to pass beyond the point of obstruction, marked reflux into the stomach, and nonvisualization of the gallbladder) is nonspecific but, in the appropriate clinical setting, should suggest the possibility of gallstone ileus.
The Beck operation in the treatment of angina pectoris.
Authors: G Sandler, B V Slesser, C W Lawson
Journal: Thorax (1967)

<h3>Context</h3> Central to appropriate palliative care management in hospital settings is ensuring an adequately trained workforce. In order to achieve optimum palliative care delivery, it is first necessary to create a baseline understanding of the level of palliative care education and support needs among all clinical staff (not just palliative care specialists) within the acute hospital setting. <h3>Objectives</h3> The objectives of the study were to explore clinical staff: perceptions concerning the quality of palliative care delivery and support service accessibility, previous experience and education in palliative care delivery, perceptions of their own need for formal palliative care education, confidence in palliative care delivery and the impact of formal palliative care training on perceived confidence. <h3>Methods</h3> A purposive sample of clinical staff members (598) in a 710-bed hospital were surveyed regarding their experiences of palliative care delivery and their education needs. <h3>Results</h3> On average, the clinical staff rated the quality of care provided to people who die in the hospital as ‘good’ (x̄=4.17, SD=0.91). Respondents also reported that 19.3% of their time was spent caring for end-of-life patients. However, only 19% of the 598 respondents reported having received formal palliative care training. In contrast, 73.7% answered that they would like formal training. Perceived confidence in palliative care delivery was significantly greater for those clinical staff with formal palliative care training. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Formal training in palliative care increases clinical staff perceptions of confidence, which evidence suggests impacts on the quality of palliative care provided to patients. The results of the study should be used to shape the design and delivery of palliative care education programmes within the acute hospital setting to successfully meet the needs of all clinical staff.
SI Units and Ketchup on a Kilogrammer
Authors: JOHN G. SOTOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988SI Units and Ketchup on a KilogrammerJOHN G. SOTOS, M.D.JOHN G. SOTOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-776_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Is it reasonable to call a McDonald's quarterpounder a McDonald's 0.1134-kilogrammer? I would say no, but after reading in the Annals how a markedly hypertensive woman was administered 25.4 mm of topical nitrates (1), I am not sure what your response would be.The problem, of course, is that although we know in wonderfully exquisite detail how to convert numbers between SI units and English units (2), it is much more difficult to simultaneously convert the degree of precision subjectively associated with these numbers. "Suggested minimum increments" have been tabulated for a variety of laboratory measurements (2),...References1. LEAVITTZWEIFLER AA. Nifedipine, hypotension, and myocardial injury. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:305. LinkGoogle Scholar2. YOUNG D. The implementation of SI units for clinical laboratory data. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:114-29. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University Palo Alto, CA 94304 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug Therapy in the Elderly 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 776-776KeywordsNitratesResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dietary salt intake. A determinant of cardiac involvement in essential hypertension.
Authors: R E Schmieder, F H Messerli, G E Garavaglia, B D Nunez
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Because a given increase in afterload does not consistently produce the same degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, we evaluated several clinical, hemodynamic, and endocrine factors that are prone to modify the adaptation of left ventricular structure in patients with mild essential hypertension (World Health Organization stages I or II). Dietary salt intake assessed by sodium excretion over 24 hours was a powerful determinant of posterior wall thickness (r = 0.64, p less than 0.001), relative wall thickness (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001), and left ventricular mass (r = 0.37, p less than 0.05). In contrast, diastolic pressure, body mass index, hematocrit, and epinephrine were found to be weaker determinants of left ventricular structure (r = 0.31-0.40, p less than 0.05). A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that sodium excretion was the strongest predictor for posterior wall thickness (p less than 0.02) and relative wall thickness (p less than 0.05) independent of the other examined variables. These results identify dietary salt intake as a strong determinant of cardiac structural adaptation to a persistent increase in arterial pressure. Consequently, a high salt intake might aggravate and, conversely, dietary salt restriction might prevent (or at least mitigate) the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension.