tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Northern Ireland MPs fight abortion
Authors: A. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Russia hit by infectious diseasesRussia and the other countries of the former Soviet Union are seeing a sharp increase in the incidence of infectious diseases as poverty and the breakdown of the communist health care system take their toll.Diphtheria and tuberculosis are the main threats, although the incidence of cholera and sexu- ally transmitted diseases is also rising.According to figures from the State Com- mittee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, the overall incidence of infectious diseases rose by 180% in 1994.This was after a sharp 290% increase in the previous year.Fighting in the region of Chechnya, which is feared to have claimed at least 25 000 lives over the past three months, has added a new danger.Doctors in the capital, Grozny, where some 100000 people cur- rently live without running water, gas, or electricity, are bracing themselves for an epidemic of cholera and other diseases as temperatures rise during spring.Water in the city is supplied from trucks but has to be boiled over fires of wood.Makeshift graves, often dangerously shallow, dot the roadsides, while more bodies are trapped in the rubble."Thesanitary and epidemiological situation in Chechnya is close to an emergency," said Yevgeny Bolyayev, head of Russia's Epidemics and Sanitary Control State Committee.Yuri Fyodorov, the deputy chief of the Russian Health Ministry's infectious diseases department, has cited other potential dan- gers in Chechnya: diphtheria has claimed several victims in recent weeks, while hepatitis and dysentery are widespread.Health officials claim that the problem has been exacerbated by the collapse of state public health services during the three years of self proclaimed independence in Chechnya.Russian troops were sent in to end this state of independence.Vaccination programmes virtually ground to a halt during the period, while epidemiologists from elsewhere in Russia were barred from visiting the region.But Chechnya is far from being the only black spot in the former Soviet Union: the danger of epidemics is also acute in several other regions.South of the Caucasus in the Georgian capital, Tbilisi, officials have warned of the dangers of cholera because of a deterioration in the quality of the city's water supply system, which has not been properly renovated in more than half a century.Malaria is also emerging as a danger in the Krasnodar region and elsewhere across southern Russia.On Russia's Pacific Coast, it is diphtheria unecnnya: pghtzng is nor the only nealth nazara that is the main problem.The incidence of the disease last year in the bleak Magadan district was 93 per 100 000 population, more than four times the national average.The situation seems to have worsened this year.Epidemiologists in the nearby Khabarovsk region registered 50 cases of diphtheria in two small towns, Sovetskaya Gavan and Vadino, in January, against 317 in the whole region last year.-PETERCONRADI, Moscow correspondent, European
Infective arthritis due to Blastocystis hominis.
Authors: M G Lee, S C Rawlins, M Didier, K DeCeulaer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking prednisone developed Blastocystis hominis acute diarrhoea, which was associated with increased inflammation and effusion of the left knee. B hominis organisms were found in synovial fluid from the left knee. The patient responded dramatically to metronidazole treatment. B hominis may become disseminated in immunosuppressed patients with diarrhoea and may cause infective arthritis.
Abstract 5056: A glimpse into the somatic mutation landscape of melanoma through exome sequencing of 121 tumor-normal pairs
Authors: Eran Hodis, Ian Watson, Jean-Philippe Theurillat, Lihua Zou, Chelsea Place, Elizabeth Nickerson, Daniel Auclair, Kristian Cibulskis, Andrey Sivachenko, Gregory Kryukov, Nicolas Stransky, Alex H. Ramos, Douglas Voet, Michael S. Lawrence, Petar Stojanov, Gordon Saksena, Aaron McKenna, Scott L. Carter, Trevor Pugh, Michael Noble, Pei Lin, Lee Lichtenstein, Robert Zupko, Carrie Sougnez, Candace Guiducci, Robert C. Onofrio, Lauren Ambrogio, Timothy Fennell, Kelly Chong, Wendy Winckler, Kristin Ardlie, Eric S. Lander, Todd Golub, Matthew Meyerson, Stacey B. Gabriel, Gad Getz, Stefan Wagner, Dirk Schadendorf, Dave S. B. Hoon, Lynda Chin, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer of melanocytic origin characterized by high metastatic potential and mutation rate. Affording a survey of the wide breadth of genomic lesions found in melanoma, we present here an analysis of the somatic mutations discovered in the sequenced exomes of 121 melanoma tumor-normal pairs. We identify frequent genomic alterations both in genes previously implicated in melanoma (BRAF, NRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, PTEN) as well as in several genes whose role in melanoma tumorigenesis has not yet been established and thus are of particular interest. To do so we implement a novel method to increase the identification of genes that are significantly recurrently mutated in melanoma in the setting of its exceptionally high mutation rate. A preponderance of C&amp;gt;T transitions (∼85%) in the observed mutational profile reflects a history of DNA damage due to UV radiation, though the majority of somatic mutations in known melanoma genes are not C&amp;gt;T events. Our study broadens understanding of the genomic lesions involved in melanoma tumorigenesis, and we expect our analysis approach to inform future genomic studies of cancer lineages with similarly high mutation rates. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5056. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5056
THE ADMINISTRATION OF INSULIN
Authors: William P. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1924)

One of our most intelligent diabetic patients was discharged from the hospital with instructions to take 7 units of Insulin-Lilly each day before breakfast. On leaving the hospital he was given a 5 c.c. ampule of U-20 insulin, or 100 units, which was estimated to be a sufficient supply for two weeks' time. He returned, however, ten days later with an empty ampule. He stated that he had followed his instructions as carefully as possible, but that he was unable to account for almost a third of his supply. As this seemed to be an unusually large loss of the drug, he was asked to keep an accurate record of dosage on another ampule, which again resulted in a similar loss. Calculating the annual consumption of insulin by this patient on the basis of 7 units a day at 2 cents a unit, I found that instead of getting his
Diagnostic Advances in the Study of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Experience with a New Device (Diagnostotube) for the Localization of Upper GI Bleeding and the Application of Cinefibergastroscopy in the Study of Bleeding Lesions.
Authors: Victor W. Groisser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Diagnostic Advances in the Study of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Experience with a New Device (Diagnostotube) for the Localization of Upper GI Bleeding and the Application of Cinefibergastroscopy in the Study of Bleeding Lesions.Victor W. Groisser, M.D., John DiBianco, M.D., Gerald Nissenbaum, M.D., Albert Attia, M.D.Victor W. Groisser, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John DiBianco, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gerald Nissenbaum, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert Attia, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-324_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe localization of the precise site of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is of considerable value in guiding therapy. Newer methods of diagnosing and documenting gastrointestinal hemorrhage employed by the Division of Gastroenterology at Seton Hall College of Medicine in the past 2 years have included the Fluorescein-Diagnostotube test and fiberoscopy with cine recordings where feasible.The fluorescein "string" test has been modified by development of a new flexible, plastic tube (Diagnostotube) with 60 intraluminal radiopaque numbers 1 inch apart, and an outer absorbent sheath. Experience has been gained in 92 patients, 71 of whom had evidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jersey City, New Jersey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByA New Device (Diagnostotube) for the Localization of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 324-324KeywordsGastrointestinal hemorrhageHemorrhageLesions Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Pathway Inhibition by ADW742, Alone or in Combination with Imatinib, Doxorubicin, or Vincristine, Is a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Ewing Tumor
Authors: Ana S. Martins, Carlos Mackintosh, David Herrero Martín, Maria Campos, Teresa Hernández, Jose-Luis Ordóñez, Enrique de Alava
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Ewing tumor cell survival and proliferation depends on several autocrine loops. Targeting these loops is a promising therapeutic approach. We recently showed the cytostatic role of imatinib, an inhibitor of the SCF-KIT loop, on Ewing tumor cells, and in this study, we intend to analyze the inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R) loop. Experimental Design: We analyzed IGF1R blockade by ADW742, a small molecule specific for this receptor, alone and in combination with imatinib, vincristine, and doxorubicin on Ewing tumor cell lines. We studied the effect on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, pathway phosphorylation, soft-agar growth, motility, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels. Results: Treatment with ADW742 induced down-regulation of IGF1R/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation, which was deeper in cell lines having higher IGF1R activation levels. Treatment also induced dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation (IC50 = 0.55-1.4 μmol/L), inducing a G1 phase blockage and apoptosis. Addition of imatinib to ADW742 synergistically augmented these effects and was especially effective in inhibiting AKT/mTOR phosphorylation and reducing vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cell lines having high IGF1R activation levels. Combination with usual chemotherapeutic agents vincristine and doxorubicin showed synergistic interactions. Conclusions: Inhibition of Ewing tumor cell proliferation by ADW742 is mediated through blockade of IGF1R signaling. Combination of ADW742 with imatinib, vincristine, and doxorubicin induces a significant reduction of tumor cell growth, mainly by the increase in apoptosis with a pattern depending on IGF1R activation levels. This study supports a potential role for ADW742 in the treatment of Ewing tumor and AKT/mTOR as a possible surrogate marker of response to therapy.
Comparative Genome Analysis of the Neurexin Gene Family in Danio rerio: Insights into Their Functions and Evolution
Authors: Alberto Rissone, Matteo Monopoli, Monica Beltrame, Federico Bussolino, Franco Cotelli, Marco Arese
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Neurexins constitute a family of proteins originally identified as synaptic transmembrane receptors for a spider venom toxin. In mammals, the 3 known Neurexin genes present 2 alternative promoters that drive the synthesis of a long (α) and a short (β) form and contain different sites of alternative splicing (AS) that can give rise to thousands of different transcripts. To date, very little is known about the significance of this variability, except for the modulation of binding to some of the Neurexin ligands. Although orthologs of Neurexins have been isolated in invertebrates, these genes have been studied mostly in mammals. With the aim of investigating their functions in lower vertebrates, we chose Danio rerio as a model because of its increasing importance in comparative biology. We have isolated 6 zebrafish homologous genes, which are highly conserved at the structural level and display a similar regulation of AS, despite about 450 Myr separating the human and zebrafish species. Our data indicate a strong selective pressure at the exonic level and on the intronic borders, in particular on the regulative intronic sequences that flank the exons subject to AS. Such a selective pressure could help conserve the regulation and consequently the function of these genes along the vertebrates evolutive tree. AS analysis during development shows that all genes are expressed and finely regulated since the earliest stages of development, but mark an increase after the 24-h stage that corresponds to the beginning of synaptogenesis. Moreover, we found that specific isoforms of a zebrafish Neurexin gene (nrxn1a) are expressed in the adult testis and in the earliest stages of development, before the beginning of zygotic transcription, indicating a potential delivery of paternal RNA to the embryo. Our analysis suggests the existence of possible new functions for Neurexins, serving as the basis for novel approaches to the functional studies of this complex neuronal protein family and more in general to the understanding of the AS mechanism in low vertebrates.
Case 44-1985
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Trevor J.I. McGill, Max L. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Presentation of CaseA 50-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of exacerbation of pansinusitis.There was a long history of chronic sinusitis, with nasal stuffiness and crusting, and pain in the frontal and temporal regions despite the performance of a submucous resection of the nasal septum 25 years before entry and regular Alkalol nasal douches thereafter. One year before admission the nasal crusting increased, accompanied by recurrent bouts of sinusitis with headaches, which improved after the administration of antibiotics. Eleven months before entry she was seen at another hospital, where examination showed marked edema of the nasal mucosa . . .
Paternal HIV infection and transfer of HIV from mother to fetus
Authors: A E Semprini, M Ravizza, M L Muggiasca, S Giuntelli, S Fiore, G Pardi
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Studies on vertical transmission of HIV have not considered the possible influence of paternal HIV infection. Fetal infection could result from integration of HIV in the sperm, but evidence for this is still controversial.1 Integration of HIV may occur in only a few sperm or reduce their fertility, which would make direct transmission from the father rare. No birth of an HIV positive infant to an uninfected mother has been reported. Furthermore, the insemination of HIV negative women with the processed semen of their HIV positive partners has led to non-infected babies.2

Paternal HIV infection could influence vertical transmission by other mechanisms. Infected men shed cell free HIV and cell associated HIV in their semen.3 Unprotected intercourse during pregnancy would result in an unknown quantity of infected semen being repeatedly deposited inside the vagina, putting babies who are delivered by the vaginal route at increased risk of infection. We investigated whether paternal HIV increase the risk of vertical transmission.

Children born since 1986 to women known to be HIV positive were enrolled in a collaborative study and followed up from birth. We reviewed 201 mothers and their 205 infants …
Treatment effect of syndrome X patients with doxazosine as assessed by positron emission tomography
Authors: H.-M.J. Siebelink, J.G. Moodor, P.K. Blanksma, A.J. Van Boven, R.L. Anthonio, W. Witting, W. Vaalburg, H.J.G.M. Crijns
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The pathergy test and Behcet's syndrome in Britain.
Authors: P G Davies, J N Fordham, J R Kirwan, C G Barnes, W J Dinning
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Skin hypersensitivity to needle puncture (pathergy test) together with a positive HLA B5 antigen has been reported as a diagnostic test for Behçet's syndrome (BS) in Turkish patients. We have studied the pathergy test by 2 methods in 7 healthy volunteers who have the HLA B5(Bw 51 split) antigen and 19 patients with BS. The test was negative in all the normal volunteers and only one of the 19 patients with BS had a positive test by one of the 2 methods. Cluster analysis of our patients and those reported from Turkey showed no difference in their clinical features. The positivity of the pathergy test, and hence its diagnostic usefulness, seem to differ between Britain and Turkey, and we conclude that this difference is not related to the possession of the HLA B5 (Bw 51 split) antigen.
Culture of normal adult human melanocytes*
Authors: H.I. NIELSEN, P. DON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Melanocytes isolated from normal adult human skin were cultured in vitro. Separation of the epidermis from the dermis by trypsin flotation proved better than collagenase treatment for providing viable cultures of melanocytes with a minimum of fibroblast contamination. Centrifugation on a discontinuous, rather than a continuous Percoll gradient, was more efficient in separating the epidermal cell types. Most of the melanocytes were usually found in one particular layer, and most of the viable keratinocytes were in the sediment. None of the layers produced a uniformly high percentage of melanocytes on routine culture, but enriched melanocyte cultures could be obtained by seeding the epidermal cells in magnesium‐ and calcium‐free medium for 24 to 48 hours, and then transferring them to fibroblast‐conditioned medium containing horse serum and polyamines. Melanocytes were identified by their dendritic morphology, ultrastructure, reaction to cholera toxin and pigment production after treatment with melanocyte stimulating hormone. Pure cultures of melanocytes have been cultivated by this method for more than 43 weeks (ten passages).
BONE MARROW IN VEINS
Authors: SYDNEY M. CONE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Saleeby<sup>1</sup>has recently written of heterotopia of the bone marrow without apparent cause. In 250 necropsies, I found bone marrow filling the intercostal veins in sixty-eight cases. Age or sex had no influence. Twenty-eight were in chronic passive congestion cases from cardiovascular disease. Typhoid in young persons caused death in four cases; acute infections, in eight cases; cancer, in six cases; exophthalmic goiter, hydrophobia, amebic dysentery, Addison's disease and Hodgkin's disease, in one case each. The marrow in the veins was seen not only in the large vein but also in smaller branches on the flat sides of the rib. It corresponded in appearance exactly with the appearance of the marrow in the rib—fatty, cellular or fibrous. In one case, in which there was new bone formed in the rib, there was bone in the marrow filling the intercostal vein. In all the cases the bone showed vital and
Axonally derived matrilin-2 induces proinflammatory responses that exacerbate autoimmune neuroinflammation
Authors: Anna Jonas, Stefan Thiem, Tanja Kuhlmann, Raimund Wagener, Attila Aszodi, Cameron Nowell, Karin Hagemeier, Louise Laverick, Victoria Perreau, Vilija Jokubaitis, Ben Emery, Trevor Kilpatrick, Helmut Butzkueven, Melissa Gresle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), inflammatory axonal injury is a major determinant of disability; however, the drivers of this injury are incompletely understood. Here, we used the EAE model and determined that the extracellular matrix protein matrilin-2 (MATN2) is an endogenous neuronal molecule that is regulated in association with inflammatory axonal injury. Compared with WT mice, mice harboring a deletion of Matn2 exhibited reduced disease severity and axon damage following induction of EAE. Evaluation of neuron-macrophage cocultures revealed that exogenous MATN2 specifically signals through TLR4 and directly induces expression of proinflammatory genes in macrophages, promoting axonal damage. Moreover, the MATN2-induced proinflammatory response was attenuated greatly in macrophages from Myd88 KO mice. Examination of brain sections from patients with MS revealed that MATN2 is expressed in lesions but not in normal-appearing white matter. Together, our results indicate that MATN2 is a deleterious endogenous neuroaxonal injury response signal that activates innate immune cells and could contribute to early axonal damage in CNS inflammatory diseases like MS.
THE EFFECT OF CALCIUM LACTATE INGESTION ON SERUM CALCIUM
Authors: WALTER BAUER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Kahn and Roe's<sup>1</sup>report on calcium absorption from the intestinal tract in human subjects appeared just as we were beginning to make hourly serum calcium observations after the ingestion of known amounts of calcium lactate. As our studies did not confirm those made by Kahn and Roe, we have continued our work. Since then we have completed the study of seventeen normal persons, nine after the ingestion of 5 Gm. and eight after the oral administration of 10 Gm. of calcium lactate. Cases of endocrine disturbances have also been studied, but they will be reported in a later communication. Kahn and Roe speak of the number of milligrams of calcium per hundred cubic centimeters of blood—not stating whether they mean whole blood, serum or plasma. They used a method for determination that they had previously reported.<sup>2</sup>All calcium determinations in our series of observations were made according to
Is diabetes mellitus related to undernutrition in rural Tanzania?
Authors: A. B. Swai, H. M. Kitange, G. Masuki, P. M. Kilima, K. G. Alberti, D. G. McLarty
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the relation between undernutrition and diabetes. DESIGN--Survey of glucose tolerance in rural Tanzania. SETTING--Eight villages in three widely separated regions of Tanzania. SUBJECTS--8581 people aged 15 and above: 3705 men and 4876 women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Oral glucose tolerance, body mass index, height, and low haemoglobin and cholesterol concentrations. RESULTS--In the eight villages 42.7-56.9% of all men and 30.0-45.2% of all women had a body mass index below 20 kg/m2; the lowest quintile was 18.2 kg/m2 in men and 18.6 kg/m2 in women. The prevalence of diabetes did not change significantly from the lowest to the highest fifths of body mass index in men (lowest 1.6% (95% confidence interval 0.8% to 2.9%) v highest 1.3% (0.7% to 2.5%)) or women (1.1% (0.6% to 2.1%) v 0.5% (0.2% to 1.2%)). In men and in women prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was greater in the lowest fifths of height (8.2% (6.3% to 10.6%), and 11.1% (9.2% to 13.3%)) respectively and body mass index (9.6% (7.5% to 12.1%), and 8.4% (6.7% to 10.5%)) than in the highest fifths (impaired glucose tolerance 4.7% (3.4% to 6.5%); and 5.1% (3.9% to 6.7%); body mass index 5.1% (3.7% to 7.0%), and 7.7% (6.2% to 9.6%). CONCLUSION--Rates of diabetes were not significantly associated with low body mass index or height, but overall rates were much lower than those in well nourished Western populations. Increased impaired glucose tolerance in the most malnourished people may reflect the larger glucose load per kilogram weight. The role of undernutrition in the aetiology of diabetes must be questioned.
1061 p21 REGULATES ACTIVATION OF LIVER PROGENITOR CELLS AND HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS IN INFLAMMATION-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: S. Marhenke, L.E. Buitrago-Molina, J. Schütt, J. Endig, J. Orlik, R. Geffers, C. Dorrell, M.P. Manns, A. Vogel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)