tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of FoxM1/Bub1b Signaling Pathway as a Required Component for Growth and Survival of Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Xiaolin Wan, Choh Yeung, Su Young Kim, Joseph G. Dolan, Vu N. Ngo, Sandra Burkett, Javed Khan, Louis M. Staudt, Lee J. Helman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

We identified Bub1b as an essential element for the growth and survival of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells using a bar-coded, tetracycline-inducible short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screen. Knockdown of Bub1b resulted in suppression of tumor growth in vivo, including the regression of established tumors. The mechanism by which this occurs is via postmitotic endoreduplication checkpoint and mitotic catastrophe. Furthermore, using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found that Bub1b is a direct transcriptional target of Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1). Suppression of FoxM1 either by shRNA or the inhibitor siomycin A resulted in reduction of Bub1b expression and inhibition of cell growth and survival. These results show the important role of the Bub1b/FoxM1 pathway in RMS and provide potential therapeutic targets.
Antibiotics I: new antibiotics and advances in antibiotic treatment.
Authors: C R Pennington, J Crooks
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin Azlocillin (Securopen) is a new parenteral acylureido peni- cillin.Against Ps aeruiginosa it is two to four times more active than ticarcillin or mezlocillin, and it can be active against strains resistant to other agents.Like carbenicillin and ticarcillin it is less active than mezlocillin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.At present it would seem reasonable to 1732
OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF EXSTROPHY OF THE BLADDER BY TRANSPLANTATION OF URETERS ON TO THE SKIN OF THE LOIN.APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE TO OTHER BLADDER SURGERY—REPORT OF TWO ILLUSTRATIVE CASES.
Authors: JOHN T. BOTTOMLEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

It is fortunate that exstrophy of the bladder is a relatively rare condition, for its unfortunate possessors are in a pitiable condition and, though surgeons have for years devised and tried many operations for its relief, it can not be said that the procedure is yet known that will afford a cure in the sense of a restoration of the parts affected to a condition even approximating the normal. To effect a cure in that sense, a muscle with sphincteric action must be manufactured—evidently an almost impossible task. Our hope then must lie in relief of the condition, and that by such a procedure as will not expose the life of the patient to too great danger either through the mere technic of the operation or through its more remote effects. Operations for this malformation are many and various. To those interested Hartley<sup>1</sup>and Orlow<sup>2</sup>offer an excellent
Communication and communion
Authors: Tim Ingold
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Shanker &amp; King's (S&amp;K's) dynamic systems approach converges with developments in social anthropological studies of communication which were long ago anticipated in the writings of Volosinov and Schutz. Following a review of these writings, this commentary suggests that a dynamic systems approach should distinguish communion from communication. It concludes with a remark on the evolutionary implications of the approach.
Photoreceptor Layer Thinning over Drusen in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Imaged In Vivo with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Stefanie G. Schuman, Anjum F. Koreishi, Sina Farsiu, Sin-ho Jung, Joseph A. Izatt, Cynthia A. Toth
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Standardization and Efficacy of Allergen Extracts
Authors: Lawrence M. Lichtenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The paper by Metzger et al. in this issue of the Journal is an excellent example of the continuing research aimed at improving the immunotherapy of allergic disorders and better understanding of the mechanisms whereby favorable clinical results occur. This work follows a series of efforts, dating from the 1930′s, to modify allergenic materials so that they may be administered more safely. More recently, these efforts have also been directed to preserving or enhancing the capacity of allergenic extracts to produce an IgG (blocking) antibody response, a measure of immunogenicity correlated with clinical efficacy. Metzger et al. report that increasing . . .
Genealogy of Cancer in a Family
Authors: William A. Blattner
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Three brothers had separate childhood cancers—osteogenic sarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and bilateral malignant neurilemoma. Comprehensive family history showed a total of 16 cases of cancer among the descendants of the proband's great-great-great-grandmother, including a previously unsuspected cluster of similar neoplasms in a distant branch. The constellation of tumors in the family included bony and soft-tissue sarcomas, brain and neural tumors, leukemia, and breast carcinoma, occurring in a pattern suggesting the action of an incompletely penetrant autosomal dominant gene with pleiotropic effects. In some cases the genetic predisposition may have interacted with environmental determinants to produce particular tumors. (<i>JAMA</i>241:259-261, 1979)
Haemodynamic changes induced by submaximal exercise before a dive and its consequences on bubble formation
Authors: Jean-Eric Blatteau, Alain Boussuges, Emmanuel Gempp, Jean-Michel Pontier, Olivier Castagna, Claude Robinet, Francois-Michel Galland, Lionel Bourdon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of a submaximal exercise performed 2 h before a simulated dive on bubble formation and to observe the haemodynamic changes and their influence on bubble formation. Participants and methods: 16 trained divers were compressed in a hyperbaric chamber to 400 kPa for 30 min and decompressed at a rate of 100 kPa/min with a 9 min stop at 130 kPa (French Navy MN90 procedure). Each diver performed two dives 3 days apart, one without exercise and one with exercise before the dive. All participants performed a 40 min constant-load submaximal and calibrated exercise, which consisted of outdoor running 2 h before the dive. Circulating bubbles were detected with a precordial Doppler at 30, 60 and 90 min after surfacing. Haemodynamic changes were evaluated with Doppler echocardiography. Results: A single bout of strenuous exercise 2 h before a simulated dive significantly reduced circulating bubbles. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) was observed after exercise with reductions in diastolic and mean blood pressure (DBP and MBP), but total peripheral resistance was unchanged. Stroke volume was reduced, whereas cardiac output was unchanged. Simulated diving caused a similar reduction in cardiac output independent of pre-dive exercise, suggesting that pre-dive exercise only changed DBP and MBP caused by reduced stroke volume. Conclusion: A single bout of strenuous exercise 2 h before a dive significantly reduced the number of bubbles in the right heart of divers and protected them from decompression sickness. Declining stroke volume and moderate dehydration induced by a pre-dive exercise might influence inert gas load and bubble formation.
Interaction between <i>GSTM1</i> / <i>GSTT1</i> Polymorphism and Blood Mercury on Birth Weight
Authors: Bo-Eun Lee, Yun-Chul Hong, Hyesook Park, Mina Ha, Bon Sang Koo, Namsoo Chang, Young-Man Roh, Boong-Nyun Kim, Young-Ju Kim, Byung-Mi Kim, Seong-Joon Jo, Eun-Hee Ha
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Mercury (Hg) is toxic to both the reproductive and nervous systems. In addition, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which conjugate glutathione to a variety of electrophilic compounds, are involved in the detoxification of Hg.In this study we examined the association between prenatal exposure to Hg and birth weight as well as the influence of GST polymorphisms.The total Hg concentration in maternal and cord blood was measured from 417 Korean women and newborns in the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health study from 2006 to 2008. Information on birth weight was collected from the patients' medical records. The genotyping of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms was carried out using polymerase chain reaction. Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the blood Hg concentration and birth weight in mothers with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms.The geometric mean levels of Hg in the maternal blood during late pregnancy and in cord blood were 3.30 microg/L and 5.53 microg/L, respectively. For mothers with the GSTT1 null genotype, elevated Hg levels in maternal blood during late pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of lower birth weight. For mothers with both GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype, both maternal and cord blood Hg levels were associated with lower birth weight.This study suggests that the interactions of Hg with GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms play a role in reducing birth weight.
Bronchial Asthma in Adults
Authors: Joseph H. Shaffer
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Adults with bronchial asthma present a complex problem. Heredity, atopy, and food allergy diminish while inhalant allergy, infection, and degenerative changes increase in importance. Cystic fibrosis has been encountered with increasing frequency in adults and should be considered as a possible cause in wheezing. Treatment plans for bronchial asthma should include measures to (1) relieve bronchospasm, (2) reduce edema and evacuate mucus from the bronchi, (3) control allergenic factors, (4) treat infection when it is present, and (5) improve the general health of the patient. Concomitant cardiovascular changes in the elderly asthmatic patient require careful selection and dosage of drugs of the sympathomimetic group. The palliative effect of steroids, through their anti-inflammatory action on the allergic reaction, is well documented. Such preparations should, however, be used in conjunction with a well-rounded program in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
Relapse of Pseudomembranous Colitis after Vancomycin Therapy
Authors: W. Lance George, Nicholas A. Volpicelli, Dana B. Stiner, Douglas D. Richman, E. Joseph Liechty, Henry Y. I. Mok, Rial D. Rolfe, Sydney M. Finegold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

VANCOMYCIN given by mouth is effective for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis,1 2 3 4 a disease now known to be caused by an exotoxin of Clostridium difficile.5 6 7 8 Only one relapse of colitis after treatment with vancomycin has been reported.9 This report documents the relapse of colitis in three patients after discontinuation of treatment with vancomycin by mouth.Case ReportsPertinent clinical data appear in Table 1. Pseudomembranous colitis and relapse of colitis in Cases 1 and 2 were documented by sigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy, according to established criteria.10 The initial episode of colitis in Case 3 was revealed by air-contrast barium enema, . . .
Identification of Sentinel Lymph Node in Stage I???II Breast Cancer With Lymphoscintigraphy and Surgical Gamma Probe: Comparison of Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid
Authors: P Arcan, E ??bis, G Aras, R ??am, N ??. K??????k
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

To evaluate the efficacy of the surgical gamma probe (SGP) after peritumoral injection of Tc-99m MIBI and filtered Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) in sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in stage I and II breast cancer for deciding on the need for axillary dissection.Thirty patients with stage I-II breast cancer had peritumoral injection of Tc-99m MIBI (74 MBq/0.2 mL [2 mCi/0.2 mL] at 4 different locations) and 42 different patients had peritumoral injection of filtered Tc-99m sulfur colloid (50 MBq/0.2 mL [1.3 mCi/0.2 mL] at 4 different locations). Anterior, lateral, and anterolateral spot images were acquired at 10, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours are injection in 5 patients. During surgery, counts were obtained from the injection site, affected breast tissue, internal mammary, axillary, and supraclavicular regions and the contralateral side using the gamma probe. Peritumoral blue dye was also injected during surgery. The first lymph nodes with counts at least twice the background tissue and/or with blue dye uptake were surgically isolated. Modified radical mastectomy and axillary dissection were performed.Histopathologic evaluation was made on SLN and other excised tissues. In the Tc-99m sulfur colloid group, lymphatic drainage and lymph nodes were demonstrated with lymphoscintigraphy in 31 of 42 patients. SLN was detected by SGP in 35 of 42 patients. In the Tc-99m MIBI group, lymphatic drainage and lymph nodes were visualized with lymphoscintigraphy in 23 of 30 patients. SLN was detected in 25 of 30 patients with SGP in this group.In patients with stage I-II breast cancer, SLN could be successfully demonstrated with lymphoscintigraphy and SGP by the peritumoral injection of filtered Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m MIBI.
Ultrastructure of isolated sarcolemma from dog and rabbit myocardium. Comparison to intact tissue.
Authors: J S Frank, K D Philipson, S Beydler
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We compared the morphology of cardiac sarcolemmal membranes isolated from dog and rabbit hearts with the sarcolemma in intact cells, using freeze-fracture and thin-section electron microscopy. In addition, we estimated the sidedness of the isolated sarcolemma based on its freeze-fracture morphology and biochemical determinations of sialic acid content and Na,K-ATPase activity. The bilayer in isolated membranes is similar, in its morphology, to intact membrane. The isolated sarcolemmal vesicles have the same density of intramembrane particles per micron2 as the intact sarcolemma (approximately 2800/micron2). The particle counts in isolated sarcolemma were very homogeneous, with the peak in particle density curve the same as found for intact cells. In the intact myocardium, both sarcolemmal and transverse tubular membranes have the same density of intramembrane particles. Thin-section morphology of the isolated sarcolemma shows an intact surface coat, whereas portions of the external lamina are absent. Both the biochemical and morphological data indicate that there is a substantial fraction of inside-out and right side-out vesicles in this preparation. Considering the approximations inherent in both morphological and biochemical approaches, we find the qualitative agreement of the estimations of vesicle orientation noteworthy.
Spontaneous and Stress-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Aged Atherosclerotic Dogs
Authors: Harry Sobel, Carl E. Mondon, Reuben Straus
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

Male, mongrel dogs, six to eight years of age, were placed on an atherogenic regimen which included I 131 administration and/or thiouracil with cholesterol feeding and, in some cases, the addition of 10 per cent lard to the diet. As is usually observed in such experiments, the degree of hypercholesterolemia and atheromatosis varied greatly. However, in nine out of ten dogs with blood cholesterol levels of 1,800 mg. per cent or above for over 16 weeks, myocardial infarction appeared (a) spontaneously, (b) after pitressin administration, and (c) after exposure to a stresser. Myocardial infarction has been noticed only rarely previously. Reasons are given for the belief that the advanced age of the animals which were used here played a role in the genesis of infarction.
Koheleth, Canonical Clinician
Authors: Judson Randolph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

IN the Holy Bible there are countless descriptions of men's souls. This is to be expected in the Holy Writ. It is interesting, therefore, to encounter in these writings a passage devoted to a careful case description of physical illness.In the twelfth chapter of Ecclesiastes of the Old Testament a remarkable exposition is set forth concerning the rigors of the aging process. Exhibiting keen awareness of the symptoms involved, the ancient Biblical writer has fashioned a poetic description of the inevitable toll of old age that reads as follows:Remember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, . . .
Inter- and intrasubject variability of the thermodilution measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction and volume in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: F Schrijen, A Henriquez, J Renondo, F Poincelot, M Pichene
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

To determine the spontaneous changes in volumetric indices of right ventricular function assessed by thermodilution.The study involved measurements of inter- and intraindividual variation of right ventricular function in human subjects at rest and at two different levels of low load supine bicycle exercise.The subjects were 23 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, referred for evaluation by right heart catheterisation. Mean (SEM) age was 55.4 (2.2) years and all were in sinus rhythm.Successive measurements of ejection fraction and right ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volumes were made by thermodilution with a fast response thermistor mounted in a Swan-Ganz catheter. Five measurements were made at rest (R), and three measurements during each of two levels of exercise (E1, E2). Group average values for each period showed no significant changes with time; interindividual variability was expressed as the coefficient of variation (VC1 = SD/means), intraindividual variability (VC2) as square root of mean value of individual variances. Interindividual variability increased from rest to exercise, while intraindividual variability was lower during exercise, presumably because the variables were more steady. For ejection fraction, VC1, was 23% at rest, 29% for E1 and 32% for E2, while VC2 was 21%, 12% and 15% respectively; for right ventricular end diastolic volume, VC1 was 23% at rest, 29% and 28% during exercise, and VC2 was 17%, 12% and 11% respectively. In some patients cold injection induced bradycardia and spuriously high values of ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS - It is important to monitor heart rate before and during thermodilution measurements and to take into account only those made with stable heart rate. Injectate temperature should be above 10 degrees C.
The Inositol Phosphate-Calcium Signaling System in Nonexcitable Cells
Authors: JAMES W. PUTNEY, GARY St. J. BIRD
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

IN 1983, Michael Berridge proposed (1), and subsequently with collaborators demonstrated (2), that d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [(1,4,5)IP3], generated in the course of receptor-activated inositol lipid turnover, was a second messenger signaling the release of stored calcium from intracellular sites to the cytoplasm of activated cells. The significance of this discovery was enormous. The explosion of interest and research in this area in the last decade has demonstrated that the inositol phosphate-calcium signaling system plays a critical role in the mechanisms by which hormones regulate diverse processes such as muscle contraction, cell secretion, metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. Despite the consensus regarding the central role of (1,4,5)IP3 in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, the extremely complex nature of Ca2+ signaling and inositol phosphate metabolism has spawned controversies. What is the meaning of the enigmatically complex pathways of inositol phosphate metabolism? Clearly (1,4,5)IP3 is the signal for intracellular Ca2+ release, but how is calcium entry across the plasma membrane regulated? What are the mechanism(s) and physiological significance of calcium oscillations? This review will attempt first to summarize the less controversial aspects of the inositol phosphate-calcium signaling system and then to address some of the more difficult issues. We will not pretend to offer definitive solutions to these quandaries, but we will attempt to identify the major issues of controversy. In some cases, we will speculate on potential directions for their resolution. For the most part, as the title of this review implies, the examples and mechanisms discussed will be drawn from published studies on nonexcitable cells, because these cells appear to express the most fundamental and ubiquitous mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation through the inositol phosphate system. In terms of calcium signaling, we are using the term nonexcitable to indicate absence of voltagegated calcium channels. The reader is also directed to a number of recent publications that address, from a somewhat different perspective, some of the specific topics covered in this review (3–15).
991-70 Decreasing Risk of Symptomatic Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Dietrich Andresen, Gerhard Steinbeck, Rüdiger Dissmann, Richard Stern, Elke Hoffmann, Thomas Brüggemann, Gerlinde Langenscheidt, Dominique Rumor, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Treatment of the Advanced Cancer Patient
Authors: Charles L. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS in the issue of Dec 3 (226:1246, 1973), two consultants answered an inquiry about treatment of a 68-year-old woman with extensive bone and liver metastases of breast cancer.  Both consultants recommended regimens of descending order of effectiveness and ascending orders of toxicity. Neither recommended assessment of the prognosis or suggested therapies. Indeed, apart from a passing brief reference to marrow tolerance, no toxicity of their proposed treatment was mentioned at all.  The first duty of the expert is to know and to state the benefits of his proposed therapy. Strangely enough, present day oncology apparently refuses to do this, while at the same time appearing obsessed with controlled studies. A state seems to have been reached where the only people who believe that no one dies of cancer are found among physicians specializing in the handling of cytotoxic agents!  Perhaps the answers