tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving Patient Safety — Five Years after the IOM Report
Authors: Drew E. Altman, Carolyn Clancy, Robert J. Blendon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 1999 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) featured a now-familiar statistic: 44,000 to 98,000 people die in hospitals each year because of preventable medical errors, making hospital-based errors alone the eighth leading cause of death in the United States, ahead of breast cancer, AIDS, and motor vehicle accidents. Regardless of debate about these estimates, they remain the standard for describing the scope of the nation's problem with medical errors.(Figure)When the report, titled To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, was released, these numbers caught the public's attention as few other health policy issues . . .
Van Gogh: Meniere's Disease? Epilepsy? Psychosis?
Authors: Howard S. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Arenberg et al<sup>1</sup>have presented a convincing argument that Vincent van Gogh suffered from Meniere's disease. They conclude that we should "forever banish the notion that he was... 'mad.' " A substantial body of data<sup>2,3</sup>and my own research<sup>4</sup>contradict this opinion. Arenberg et al substantiate their view by suggesting that van Gogh cut off part of his ear in a vain effort to remove unbearable tinnitus. Although Meniere's disease is common, few resort to such self-mutilation. It seems probable that other factors were involved. Indeed, van Gogh was under great emotional stress at the time. He had been living in Arles (France) with Gauguin. Their relationship had been deteriorating rapidly. Following a particularly fierce argument, Gauguin stormed from their house, and van Gogh chased him, threatening him with a razor. Van Gogh returned home, cut off part of his ear, and presented it to
Farewell to His Craft
Authors: David J. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Silent Cerebral Infarctions
Authors: Shadi Kalantarian, Hakan Ay, Randy L. Gollub, Hang Lee, Kallirroi Retzepi, Moussa Mansour, Jeremy N. Ruskin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of stroke. Silent cerebral infarctions (SCIs) are known to occur in the presence and absence of AF, but the association between these disorders has not been well-defined. Purpose: To estimate the association between AF and SCIs and the prevalence of SCIs in stroke-free patients with AF. Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and EMBASE from inception to 8 May 2014 without language restrictions and manual screening of article references. Study Selection: Observational studies involving adults with AF and no clinical history of stroke or prosthetic valves who reported SCIs. Data Extraction: Study characteristics and study quality were assessed in duplicate. Data Synthesis: Eleven studies including 5317 patients with mean ages from 50.0 to 83.6 years reported on the association between AF and SCIs. Autopsy studies were heterogeneous and low-quality; therefore, they were excluded from the meta-analysis of the risk estimates. When computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were combined, AF was associated with SCIs in patients with no history of symptomatic stroke (odds ratio, 2.62 [95% CI, 1.81 to 3.80]; I 2 = 32.12%; P for heterogeneity = 0.118). This association was independent of AF type (paroxysmal vs. persistent). The results were not altered significantly when the analysis was restricted to studies that met at least 70% of the maximum possible quality score (odds ratio, 3.06 [CI, 2.24 to 4.19]). Seventeen studies reported the prevalence of SCIs. The overall prevalence of SCI lesions on MRI and CT among patients with AF was 40% and 22%, respectively. Limitation: Most studies were cross-sectional, and autopsy studies were heterogeneous and not sufficiently sensitive to detect small lesions. Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation is associated with more than a 2-fold increase in the odds for SCI. Primary Funding Source: Deane Institute for Integrative Research in Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke, Massachusetts General Hospital.
HOLLOW FOOT—PES CAVUS
Authors: CHARLES A. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

An increase in the concavity of the longitudinal arch of the foot is of frequent occurrence. In some persons it is entirely normal and causes no symptoms whatsoever. It may, however, become so great as to constitute a real deformity, and in severer cases be quite as disabling and painful as the worst flat-foot. Like flat-foot, its development is usually insidious and may be due to several different causes. The essential feature is the increased concavity of the arch with a shortening of the structures of the sole. Dorsal retraction of the toes is usually present and bears an important relation to its development, but is not a part of the cavus itself. It is usually associated with some malposition of the foot, as varus or valgus, equinus or calcaneus. It is more frequently-associated with equinus or equinovarus. So-called true or essential cavus is rare. The deformity may be fixed
Influenza Vaccination Among Diabetic Adults
Authors: Rodrigo Jiménez-García, Elga Mayo-Montero, Valentín Hernández-Barrera, Pilar Carrasco Garrido, David Martinez-Hernandez, Ángel Gil de Miguel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

People with diabetes constitute a target group for influenza vaccination since they are currently thought to run a high risk of suffering influenza-related complications (1–3).

Influenza vaccination has shown itself to be capable of producing an adequate immunologic response in subjects with diabetes, proving effective in reducing mortality and morbidity in patients with underlying chronic diseases, including diabetes, and reducing hospital admissions among diabetic patients during influenza epidemics (3–8).

For over a decade, Spanish and U.S. health authorities been recommending annual influenza vaccination for subjects who suffer diabetes (2,9,10).

To our knowledge, no nationwide campaigns exclusively targeting people with diabetes were conducted in Spain by either public or private institutions across the study period.

Based on data drawn from the 1993 and 2001 Spanish National Health Surveys (NHS), this study was aimed at 1 ) ascertaining influenza vaccination coverages among Spanish diabetic adults for years 1993 and 2001, 2 ) analyzing which factors were associated with the likelihood of persons with diabetes being vaccinated, and 3 ) analyzing the time trend in influenza vaccination coverages for the period 1993–2001.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on adult subjects (age ≥16 years) in Spain using individualized secondary data furnished by the 1993 and 2001 NHS. These surveys cover a representative sample …
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase is increased in the serum of precirrhotic and cirrhotic alcoholic patients and can serve as a marker of fibrosis
Authors: Jianjun Li, Alan S. Rosman, Maria A. Leo, Yasuo Nagai, Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

One of the contributory factors to the development of cirrhosis is a decrease in collagenase activity, which may be related to levels of inhibitors such as serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. We therefore measured serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and serum procollagen III peptides (another proposed marker of fibrosis) in 16 healthy controls and 44 alcoholic patients with biopsy-proved liver disease, namely steatosis without fibrosis (n = 13), perivenular fibrosis (n = 10), septal fibrosis or cirrhosis or both (n = 15) and alcoholic hepatitis (n = 6). In alcoholic patients, serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase values strongly correlated with fibrosis (rs = 0.70, p < 0.001). Compared with values in controls (177 +/- 12 ng/ml), serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase was significantly elevated in perivenular fibrosis (330 +/- 22 ng/ml, p < 0.05), in septal fibrosis, cirrhosis or both (406 +/- 29 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and in alcoholic hepatitis (526 +/- 140 ng/ml, p < 0.001) but not in steatosis (204 +/- 17 ng/ml). In contrast, procollagen III peptides were significantly increased only in the septal fibrosis-cirrhosis group but not in the perivenular fibrosis group. With the threshold defined as the upper value of the steatosis group (resulting in a specificity of 100%), we found that serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase was elevated in 50% of patients with perivenular fibrosis, in 87% of subjects with extensive fibrosis (septal fibrosis, cirrhosis or both) and in 67% of individuals with alcoholic hepatitis. The overall sensitivity of serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase for detecting either perivenular fibrosis or more extensive fibrosis was 71%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[792] IMPACT OF ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL ON LIVER FIBROSIS AND ACTIVITY ASSESSED WITH FIBROTEST-ACTITEST IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B INFECTION
Authors: T. Povnard, Y. Ngo, P. Marcellin, S. Hadziyannis, Z. Goodman, V. Ratziu, Y. Benhamou, C. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch: a promising treatment for brachioradial pruritus?
Authors: C. Zeidler, H. Lüling, A. Dieckhöfer, N. Osada, F. Schedel, S. Steinke, M. Augustin, S. Ständer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch: a promising treatment for brachioradial pruritus? Get access C. Zeidler, C. Zeidler Department of Dermatology Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Lüling, H. Lüling Department of Dermatology Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Dieckhöfer, A. Dieckhöfer Department of Dermatology Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Osada, N. Osada Institute for Medical Informatics University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Schedel, F. Schedel Department of Dermatology Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Steinke, S. Steinke Department of Dermatology Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Augustin, M. Augustin Institute and German Center for Health Services Research in Dermatology University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Ständer S. Ständer Department of Dermatology Competence Center Chronic Pruritus University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany E‐mail: Sonja.Staender@ukmuenster.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 6, 1 June 2015, Pages 1669–1671, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13501 Published: 01 June 2015
Not all mutualism is fair, and not all fairness is mutualistic
Authors: Alex Shaw, Joshua Knobe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

The target article convincingly argues that mutualistic cooperation is supported by partner choice. However, we will suggest that mutualistic cooperation is not the basis of fairness; instead, fairness is based on impartiality. In support of this view, we show that adults are willing to destroy others’ resources to avoid inequality, a result predicted by impartiality but not by mutualistic cooperation.
P2X1 receptor-mediated pressor responses in the anesthetized mouse
Authors: Lu Li, Yi Wu, Mo Deng, Guangyi Wu, Leiming Ren
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

P2X1 receptors and adrenoceptors are mainly responsible for vasoconstriction in a variety of blood vessels. However, previous studies have shown that α,β-methylene adenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-MeATP), a stable analogue of ATP, can induce both pressor and depressor responses in laboratory animals. In this study, the effects of increasing intravenous doses of α,β-MeATP and noradrenaline (NA) (0–30 nmol/kg) administered at 20 min intervals on systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) blood pressure in groups of anesthetized mice (n=6) were compared. Both α,β-MeATP and NA caused transient, dose-dependent increases in SBP, DBP and MBP but the effect of α,β-MeATP was more rapid and significantly larger at doses of 10 and 30 nmol/kg (P<0.01). At the dose of 30 nmol/kg, α,β-MeATP increased SBP, DBP and MBP by 65.8±7.0, 65.7±5.0 and 65.7±5.5 mmHg, respectively, compared to increases of 36.8±4.6, 33.3±4.9 and 34.5±4.7 mmHg, respectively, produced by NA. These results indicate P2X1 receptors play an important role in BP regulation although purinergic vasoconstriction alone may not explain the more potent pressor response to α,β-MeATP in the anesthetized mouse.
Allergy to Weeping Fig ‐A New Occupational Disease
Authors: G. Axelsson, M. Skedinger, O. Zetterström
Journal: Allergy (1985)

During the last decade green plants have become more common in interior decoration. There are companies specializing in the leasing of green plants to public buildings and offices. Weeping fig is one of the most popular green plants. Dust and dry components of the plant are usually removed by vigorous shaking. In this way the allergen becomes airborne. During a few months we have seen several plant keepers who have developed airway allergy to weeping fig. Two of them have been thoroughly investigated. Both are atopics. Extracts were made from leaves and branches and both patients had positive skin prick tests and RAST. The risk of sensitization in plant keepers who work with weeping fig is probably considerable.
The Last Two Leaves
Authors: Anthony J. Chiaramida
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Ad Libitum3 August 2004The Last Two LeavesAnthony J. Chiaramida, MDAnthony J. Chiaramida, MDFrom Perth Amboy, NJ 08861.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-3-200408030-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail On the branch she stays by meWhen others all have goneBy reason, fallen, after changeTheir season's work all done.But there, alone, she stays for meWhen it was smart to goOctober's cold shook weaker soulsPiled so high belowAnd all together on the groundThey rushed to run awayAll together, abandoned hopeOne and two and threeAnd yet the last one isn't lastIt mocks both death and timeAnd holds to life as sure as IThe last leaf on the tree… Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Perth Amboy, NJ 08861.Current Author Address: Anthony J. Chiaramida, MD, 530 New Brunswick Avenue, Perth Amboy, NJ 08861. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 3Page: 235 ePublished: 3 August 2004 Issue Published: 3 August 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A career in medical informatics
Authors: Mohammad Al-Ubaydli
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Mohammad Al-Ubaydli explains how to have a career in medical informatics1

If you want to understand why I love technology, take a look at my hearing aid. Just before starting my house job, my nightmare scenario was of being deafened by the vacuum cleaner during the ward round while my consultant barked orders at me. So I invested in a funky, digital hearing aid. With the flick of a switch, the machine promptly filters out all noise, and homes in on the speech of the person I am facing. It is quite amusing to watch my (very nice) consultant needing to ask the cleaner (very nicely) to switch the vacuum off.

Technology helps me to be a good clinician, despite my disability. Using information technology within the NHS enables the clinician to increase his or her abilities. Unfortunately, the NHS has been particularly slow in introducing computers into the system. But things are improving.

This article is about steps you can take to improve your computing skills. The more useful this exercise becomes for you, the more you can delve into the area. If, like me, you become hooked, there is the possibility of focusing your career on the new specialty of medical informatics.

But before I get that far, let me clear up a few myths on learning about computers. Firstly, you are never too old to learn, and computers are not the exclusive domain of your children and grandchildren. It was my father who taught me how to use a computer, and his skills were self taught.

Secondly, you do …
Alterations in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism attributable to cyclosporin A in renal transplant recipients.
Authors: K P Harris, G I Russell, S D Parvin, P S Veitch, J Walls
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Thirteen non-diabetic renal transplant recipients had various aspects of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism studied before and after conversion from cyclosporin A to azathioprine. No patient had a glucose tolerance test result diagnostic of diabetes mellitus before conversion, and there was no change in fasting glucose or immunoreactive insulin values after conversion. There was, however, a fall in the area under the curve of the glucose tolerance test values after conversion. Furthermore, fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations fell significantly after conversion. No change in the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was detected. These findings suggest that cyclosporin A is associated with an inferior lipid profile as compared with azathioprine, which may be important in patients with transplants given the drug long term.
Tribbles homolog 2 inactivates C/EBPα and causes acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Karen Keeshan, Yiping He, Bas J. Wouters, Olga Shestova, Lanwei Xu, Hong Sai, Carlos G. Rodriguez, Ivan Maillard, John W. Tobias, Peter Valk, Martin Carroll, Jon C. Aster, Ruud Delwel, Warren S. Pear
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis): correlation between clinical activity, eosinophil levels, eosinophil cation protein and interleukin-5
Authors: None ESPAÑA, None SANZ, None SOLA, None GIL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Wells' syndrome (WS) (eosinophilic cellulitis) is characterized by the presence of oedematous skin lesions associated with eosinophilia of the tissues. It has recently been observed that in patients with this disease, increased eosinophil cation protein (ECP) and interleukin (IL) ‐5 can be detected in peripheral blood, with T lymphocytes that have mRNA for this lymphokine. We present a patient with WS in whom we found a close correlation between clinical activity, eosinophils in blood and bone marrow, and ECP and IL‐5 levels in peripheral blood and tissues. We underline the major part played by IL‐5 in this disease.
Domestic violence against women
Authors: J. Richardson, G. Feder
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Two abused women were recently freed from prison in Britain. Emma Humphreys and Sara Thornton had previously been found guilty of murdering violent partners and had received mandatory life sentences. Humphreys's conviction was quashed by judges in the Court of Appeal, whose ruling recognised the months of cruelty she had experienced from her boyfriend, including beatings and rapes. Thornton's case is pending appeal. In future cases cumulative abuse will be seen as possible provocation, allowing a charge of manslaughter rather than murder.

The violence that both of these women suffered is common. Mooney found that 27% of women surveyed in north London had experienced physical injury from their partners or former partners, while 37% had experienced mental cruelty and 23% had been raped.1 In the 1992 British crime survey, 11% of women who had lived with a partner reported physical violence against them in their relationship.2 The continuing and repeated nature of domestic violence is also well established. Eight per cent of women in the north London survey had been injured during the …
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis DNA not detected in Crohn's disease tissue by fluorescent polymerase chain reaction.
Authors: D S Rowbotham, N P Mapstone, L K Trejdosiewicz, P D Howdle, P Quirke
Journal: Gut (1995)

The role of mycobacteria in the aetiology of Crohn9s disease has been a contentious subject for many years. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is known to cause a chronic granulomatous enteritis in animals (Johne9s disease) and has been implicated as a possible infectious cause of Crohn9s disease. However this fastidious organism is only rarely detected by conventional microbiological techniques. This study used oligonucleotide primers to the species-specific M paratuberculosis IS900 DNA insertion element and the polymerase chain reaction to amplify any M paratuberculosis DNA from intestinal tissue DNA extracts. One oligonucleotide primer was fluorochrome-labelled and the presence of fluorescent amplified product was determined using an automated DNA sequencer with a computerised gel-scanning laser. This method was shown capable of detecting 1-2 mycobacterial genomes. Intestinal tissue samples were obtained from 68 patients with histologically confirmed Crohn9s disease, 49 patients with histologically confirmed ulcerative colitis, and 26 non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. In no case was M paratuberculosis detected in any of the inflammatory bowel disease tissue samples and only one non-inflammatory bowel disease case was positive. These results do not support the hypothesis that M paratuberculosis has an aetiological role in Crohn9s disease.