tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1147: CD44s is required for EMT and stemness properties via ZEB1 activation
Authors: Bogdan-Tiberius Preca, Karolina Bajdak, Jessica Pfannstiel, Thomas Brabletz
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Invasion and metastasis of carcinomas are often promoted by the aberrant epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program at the invasive front of the tumor. The transcription factor ZEB1 is a crucial promotor of metastasis formation by inducing EMT and tumor initiating capacity. CD44, a cell surface protein, is used as marker to identify tumor initiating cells in many cancer types. It is involved in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. Through alternative splicing, controlled by the epithelial splicing factor ESRP1, CD44 is differentially regulated during EMT, resulting in a switch from the variable exon-containing CD44v isoforms to the standard isoform CD44s, which is devoid of all CD44 variable exons. We examine the reciprocal interaction of CD44s and ZEB1 in their function as tumor initiation markers. CD44s and ZEB1 are co-expressed in poorly differentiated human cancer cells.Transient down regulation of CD44s results in decrease of ZEB1, which in turn leads to reduced sphere formation ability. Likewise, inhibition of CD44s increases ESRP1. Knockdown of ESRP1 decreases expression of CD44v isoforms, increases CD44s and ZEB1 and the sphere forming capacity. Additional knockdown of CD44s reduces the sphere formation. Furthermore, ZEB1 inhibits ESRP1 expression, which leads to upregulation of CD44s. In summary we identified a positive feedback loop maintaining stemness and mesenchymal features in cancer cells: CD44s activates expression of ZEB1, which suppresses transcription of the splicing factor ESRP1, resulting in further increase in CD44s expression. Citation Format: Bogdan-Tiberius Preca, Karolina Bajdak, Jessica Pfannstiel, Thomas Brabletz. CD44s is required for EMT and stemness properties via ZEB1 activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1147. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1147
SUPPRESSION OF LACTATION
Authors: Wesley W. Bare
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The use of hormonal preparations for the control of postpartum breast symptoms is advisable. In this study of 118 maternity patients, a new androgen-estrogen combination tablet was administered to 75, while 43 received placebo tablets. The androgen-estrogen combination, given at three dosage levels, was effective without significant side-effects. Those patients who received the highest dosage experienced the most marked relief of breast pain, engorgement, and lactation and showed the least need of additional supportive measures.
Pakistan medical association warns of potential rise in hepatitis
Authors: Ashfaq Yusufzai
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors in Pakistan are increasingly concerned that the reuse of syringes and use of unscreened blood products could fuel a rise in cases of hepatitis.

“Our rough estimate suggests that about 15.6% of the population are carriers of hepatitis. About three million, who visited public sector hospitals have hepatitis B or C. The number might be catastrophic if the entire population was screened,” said Dr Umar Ayub Khan, president of the Pakistan Medical Association.

Last year, according to the association's data, the prevalence of hepatitis was just over 11%, but it is increasing at an alarming speed, said Dr Khan.

“A study by [the World Health Organization] revealed that 30% of …
DIFFICULTIES AND DANGERS OF ANESTHETICS.
Authors: DANIEL N. EISENDRATH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Ever since the first deaths resulting from the administration of ether and chloroform, there has been considerable discussion as to the manner in which they cause them. One of the most important contributions was that of the Hyderabad Commission, which concluded from its experiments on animals that chloroform kills by its effects on the respiratory system. Mellish believes that it exerts its bad effects primarily upon the circulatory system, an opinion which is supported by Leonard Hill. Practically all observers agree that chloroform causes lowering of blood pressure at all stages of the anesthesia. Ether produces a slower fall than chloroform. Whether the paralysis of the respiratory precedes or follows that of the circulatory systems is of but little practical importance, for the interval between them is so slight as to be almost imperceptible. The writer has in some cases observed a cessation of respiration before that of the heart's
Ureteral Dilatation Following Use of Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Sumner Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1966)

IN RECENT YEARS, methods of birth control have proliferated rapidly to meet the demands of couples interested in family planning. The aim has been to develop a simple method that is completely safe, effective, and inexpensive. Thus far, the oral contraceptive, which usually contains an estrogen and a progestogen, most nearly meets these criteria and has been widely used. Two cases are presented which strongly suggest that ureteral dilatation has resulted from the use of such an oral contraceptive. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 26-year-old nulliparous woman, who had been receiving 10-mg tablets of norethindrone with mestranol (Ortho-Novum) for 14 months, had recurrent, seemingly "postcoital" cystitis, which responded readily each time to sulfonamide therapy. No tenderness at the costovertebral angle, abnormal abdominal or pelvic masses, abdominal tenderness, nor visceral enlargement was found on physical examination. Excretory urography revealed gross bilateral ureteral dilatation (Fig 1,<i>left</i>). The urine was free
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN STENTING WITH SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENTS: CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SYNTAX SCORE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Hiroki Shiomi, Toshihiro Tamura, Yoshihiro Kato, Tomohisa Tada, Junichi Tazaki, Toshikazu Jinnai, Koh Ono, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
541 IMPAIRED NEUTROPHIL PHAGOCYTIC CAPACITY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CIRRHOSIS IS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AMMONIA-INDUCED NEUTROPHIL SWELLING
Authors: N.J. Taylor, R.D. Abeles, M. Hussein, J.A. Wendon, Y. Ma, D.L. Shawcross
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Essentials of Cardiac Physical Diagnosis
Authors: R. Sanders Williams
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This book discusses the physical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in adult patients. The first 12 chapters describe individual features of a comprehensive physical examination of the cardiovascular system (palpation of the arterial pulse, evaluation of jugular venous pulsations, auscultation of heart sounds, etc), while the remaining 11 chapters describe the classic physical findings and differential diagnosis of specific cardiac disorders common in adult patients (aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, etc). Nineteen chapters have been written by Dr Abrams himself, the chief of cardiology at the New Mexico School of Medicine, while the remaining four chapters were contributed by other physicians.  As an introduction to this subject for medical students, or as a review for more experienced physicians, this book is readable, accurate, adequately illustrated, and reasonably priced. As a special feature, the narrative descriptions in each chapter are broken with italicized statements of practical tips that merit special emphasis, both
THE COFFEY-HUMBER PATENT NUMBER 1771976
Authors: Ellice McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. Coffey has repeatedly stated in the public press that he and Dr. Humber make no claim for a cure, yet in the United States patent number 1771976, signed by Walter B. Coffey and John D. Humber, there is the following opening statement: "Our invention relates to a therapeutic substance having the property of stabilizing tissue growth and which, by virtue of this property, is capable of controlling and/or destroying carcinoma, sarcoma and other malignancies." Obviously these two statements are contradictory. This patent claims that the Coffey-Humber extract is an adrenal cortex extract, stabilizing growth, and that it controls or destroys cancer. These claims may be easily proved untrue. First, there is no possibility of this water and alcohol cortex extract being an effective hormonal extract, as this method of preparation cannot produce an adrenal cortex extract which can substitute for the cortical hormone in adrenalectomized animals.
Systemic Microvascular Dysfunction and Inflammation after Pulmonary Particulate Matter Exposure
Authors: Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Dale W. Porter, Mark Barger, Lyndell Millecchia, K. Murali K. Rao, Paul J. Marvar, Ann F. Hubbs, Vincent Castranova, Matthew A. Boegehold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The epidemiologic association between pulmonary exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular dysfunction is well known, but the systemic mechanisms that drive this effect remain unclear. We have previously shown that acute pulmonary exposure to PM impairs or abolishes endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation in the rat spinotrapezius muscle. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the effect of pulmonary PM exposure on systemic microvascular function and to identify local inflammatory events that may contribute to these effects. Rats were intratracheally instilled with residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or titanium dioxide at 0.1 or 0.25 mg/rat 24 hr before measurement of pulmonary and systemic microvascular responses. In vivo microscopy of the spinotrapezius muscle was used to study systemic arteriolar responses to intraluminal infusion of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 or iontophoretic abluminal application of the adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PHE). Leukocyte rolling and adhesion were quantified in venules paired with the studied arterioles. Histologic techniques were used to assess pulmonary inflammation, characterize the adherence of leukocytes to systemic venules, verify the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the systemic microvascular wall, and quantify systemic microvascular oxidative stress. In the lungs of rats exposed to ROFA or TiO2, changes in some bronchoalveolar lavage markers of inflammation were noted, but an indication of cellular damage was not found. In rats exposed to 0.1 mg ROFA, focal alveolitis was evident, particularly at sites of particle deposition. Exposure to either ROFA or TiO2 caused a dose-dependent impairment of endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation. However, exposure to these particles did not affect microvascular constriction in response to PHE. ROFA and TiO2 exposure significantly increased leukocyte rolling and adhesion in paired venules, and these cells were positively identified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs). In ROFA- and TiO2-exposed rats, MPO was found in PMNLs adhering to the systemic microvascular wall. Evidence suggests that some of this MPO had been deposited in the microvascular wall. There was also evidence for oxidative stress in the microvascular wall. These results indicate that after PM exposure, the impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic microcirculation coincides with PMNL adhesion, MPO deposition, and local oxidative stress. Collectively, these microvascular observations are consistent with events that contribute to the disruption of the control of peripheral resistance and/or cardiac dysfunction associated with PM exposure.
Determinants of exhaled nitric oxide levels in healthy, nonsmoking African American adults
Authors: Marc C. Levesque, David W. Hauswirth, Sabrena Mervin-Blake, Carolyn A. Fernandez, Kistie B. Patch, Katie M. Alexander, Sallie Allgood, Patrice D. McNair, Andrew S. Allen, John S. Sundy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
MedicoLegal Investigations already exists as rapid response fraud squad
Authors: F. O. Wells
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Dyer laments that little recognition is given to the need to tackle research misconduct when it occurs, but she only alludes to MedicoLegal Investigations, a company already established as a rapid response forensic unit to investigate alleged cases of research misconduct.1

Though small, MedicoLegal Investigations has acted effectively for …
Pilot study of records of shared care for people with mental illnesses.
Authors: B Essex, R Doig, J Renshaw
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To develop and evaluate a record of shared care to be held by the patient designed to increase the effectiveness of long term care of patients with severe mental illness. DESIGN--Questionnaires completed by medical staff, community psychiatric nurse, and patients to evaluate the shared care record. SETTING--General practices, a psychiatric outpatient clinic, and a mental health resource centre in south east London. PATIENTS--84 Patients held shared care records over an 18 month period. They were selected by general practitioners, a psychiatrist, or a community psychiatric nurse, the criterion being that their care was shared between the general practitioner and the psychiatrist or community psychiatric nurse. Patients who had been admitted to hospital several times with short remissions were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their views on the acceptability, usefulness, and problems of the shared care record. A questionnaire for health staff was designed to identify patients for whom the shared care record was most and least appropriate. It also assessed the patients9 compliance and the way the record affected communication between all concerned. RESULTS--Patients found the shared care records very acceptable and were enthusiastic about their use. They valued being consulted about what was recorded and found the record of their treatment and progress useful. Patients also thought that they were in a better position to challenge their doctor. Those least likely to comply were people with severe paranoia. The acceptability of the record to patients greatly exceeded that to the psychiatrists and nurse managers, none of whom were interested in using the record. Communication among health staff was greatly improved by the shared care record, and it facilitated the identification of potentially dangerous drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS--Shared care records were acceptable to patients with severe mental illnesses, increased the patients9 autonomy, and improved communication and the effectiveness of shared care. Obstacles to further development of this approach relate to the attitudes, perceptions, and anxieties of the doctors, nurses, and managers and can be overcome.
Proteins and insulin release: A dual role of amino-acids and intestinal hormones
Authors: R. J. Jarrett, H. J. Graver, N. M. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1969)

In two subjects concurrent infusion of amino-acids and the hormones secretin and pancreozymin provoked much higher plasma insulin levels than did administration of amino-acids or hormones individually. It is suggested that this may be a physiological phenomenon, augmenting the release of insulin from the pancreas after a meal containing protein.
Recurrence of duodenal ulcer pain after treatment with cimetidine for four and eight weeks.
Authors: S J Rune, J Greibe, K M Mollman, J R Madsen, I Rahbek, L Willumsen, H R Wulff
Journal: Gut (1980)

This double-blind controlled trial compares the relapse rate in 19 duodenal ulcer patients who received cimetidine for eight weeks with that in 19 patients who received cimetidine for four weeks and inactive tablets for four weeks. Only patients who became symptom-free during the initial four weeks9 treatment with cimetidine were included. The median period of remission after withdrawal of cimetidine was 50 days in patients treated with cimetidine for eight weeks and 76 days in patients treated with cimetidine for four weeks (P greater than 0.10). Six months after withdrawal of cimetidine 15 relapses had occurred in both groups. It is concluded that patients who become symptom-free during four weeks9 cimetidine treatment do not benefit by continuation of treatment for another four weeks.
The unrest cure
Authors: C. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Tired? Jaded? Worn down by the unremitting round of committees and the relentless grind of consultant responsibilities? Needing to relax and get away from it all? Well, why shouldn't you? And the ideal remedy is nearer than you think. You too could return to your duties rested, refreshed, and brimful of ideas. All you need is a two week holiday—as a junior hospital doctor.

I am in regular touch with an agency that can arrange that kind of thing. For my winter break this year I took up one of their most attractive offers (south coast location with views of the Solent; first rate accommodation and excellent leisure facilities; safe and easy parking and a washing machine in the mess that actually works) and …
LONG-TERM THERAPY WITH THE PARTIAL ADENOSINE A 1 -RECEPTOR AGONIST CAPADENOSON, IMPROVES PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR COACTIVATOR-1α PHOSPHORYLATION AND PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIUM OF DOGS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Ramesh C. Gupta, Kristina Szekely, Mengjun Wang, Kefei Zhang, Sharad Rastogi, Barbara Albrecht-Küpper, Hani N. Sabbah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
PRIOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING DIMINISH THE INITIAL SUCCESS RATE OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION TO THE CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSION IN THE NATIVE CORONARY ARTERY
Authors: Tomohiko Teramoto, Tatsuya Ito, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Masashi Kimura, Kenya Nasu, Nobuyoshi Tanaka, Tairo Kurita, Maoto Habara, Ito Tsuyoshi, Daisuke Yokota, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Coronary Sinus Morphology in Patients With Atrioventricular Junctional Reentry Tachycardia and Other Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Authors: J. Colin Doig, Junichi Saito, Louise Harris, Eugene Downar
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Coronary sinus access by electrode catheters is easier in patients with atrioventricular junctional reentry tachycardia (AVJRT) than in patients with other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The reason for this has not been addressed. Methods and Results The size and shape of the proximal coronary sinus were measured in 15 patients with AVJRT and 14 control subjects after angiographic visualization. Coronary sinus dimensions, morphology, and angle of origin from the right atrium were measured. The proximal coronary sinus in patients with AVJRT was larger than in the control population. The mean ostium diameter was 12.2±2 mm compared with control dimensions of 8.5±1.5 mm, P =.00001. At a distance of 5 mm from the ostium, the coronary sinus measured 10.2±1.8 mm compared with 8.1±1.9 mm, P =.007. The dilatation persisted 10 mm into the coronary sinus, with a measurement of 9±1.4 mm compared with 7.6±2 mm, P =.04. In 73% of AVJRT patients, the proximal coronary sinus had the appearance of a wind sock. This morphology was seen only in 7% of control patients, in whom the coronary sinus was tubular (in 93%). There was considerable interindividual variability in the angle of origin. Conclusions The proximal coronary sinus in patients with AVJRT was significantly different from a control population. The ostium was 44% larger and remained more dilated to at least 10 mm from the ostium. The appearance was like a wind sock in AVJRT patients and tubular in the control patients. These findings may have important implications for arrhythmia pathogenesis in such patients.
Interictal Cerebral and Cerebellar Blood Flow in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy as Measured by a Noninvasive Technique Using Tc-99m HMPAO
Authors: HIROSHI MATSUDA, TOSHIHIKO FUKUCHI, TEIICHI ONUMA, SHIRO ISHIDA, HIDEJI UESUGI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

The usefulness of noninvasive regional cerebral blood flow measurements using Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) was evaluated in 45 patients with interictal temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure frequency did not show any influence on flow values or side-to-side asymmetry. Patients taking phenytoin had a significantly lower mean cerebral blood flow (mean 9.5%) and lower mean cerebellar blood flow (mean 12.9%) than those not taking it. Moreover, phenytoin reduced regional cerebral blood flow in the temporal regions more prominently on the contralateral side of the epileptic focus than on the ipsilateral side. Positive MRI findings of hippocampal sclerosis along with visually detected temporal hypoperfusion on SPECT showed a lower regional cerebral blood flow and greater flow asymmetry than other imaging findings in the temporal region. Results suggest that noninvasive cerebral blood flow measurements using Tc-99m HMPAO may give useful information about interictal cerebral blood flow around an epileptic focus and about the effects of antiepileptic drugs on brain function in temporal lobe epilepsy.
Laparoscopy and Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Malignant Intra-abdominal Tumors
Authors: H. Ishida, T. Dohzono, Y. Furukawa, M. Kobayashi, K. Tsuneoka
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Laparoscopic evaluation was effected in 298 patients with intra-abdominal tumors. Among 186 cases of liver tumor, 172 cases (92.5%) were diagnosed as tumors laparoscopically and malignant tissue was obtained in 71 cases (78.0%) out of 91 cases of liver tumors biopsied under laparoscopic guidance. Among 79 cases of pancreas tumors, laparoscopy led to the correct diagnosis in 32% (38 cases) of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas and 88% (41 cases) of carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. The positive rate of biopsy in cases of tumor of the head of the pancreas and of the body and tail of the organ was 74.1% (20 out of 27 cases) and 84.6% (33 out of 39 cases), respectively. Laparoscopy supplemented by biopsy was useful for the diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the digestive tract and disseminated peritoneal tumors.
Do Nice Patients Receive Better Care?
Authors: Allan S. Detsky, Mark O. Baerlocher
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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