tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Withholding Research Results in Academic Life Science
Authors: David Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To identify the prevalence and determinants of data-withholding behaviors among academic life scientists.Mailed survey of 3394 life science faculty in the 50 universities that received the most funding from the National Institutes of Health in 1993.A total of 2167 faculty responded to the survey, a 64% response rate.Whether respondents delayed publication of their research results for more than 6 months and whether respondents refused to share research results with other university scientists in the last 3 years.A total of 410 respondents (19.8%) reported that publication of their research results had been delayed by more than 6 months at least once in the last 3 years to allow for patent application, to protect their scientific lead, to slow the dissemination of undesired results, to allow time to negotiate a patent, or to resolve disputes over the ownership of intellectual property. Also, 181 respondents (8.9%) reported refusing to share research results with other university scientists in the last 3 years. In multivariate analysis, participation in an academic-industry research relationship and engagement in the commercialization of university research were significantly associated with delays in publication. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.34 (1.07-1.59) and 3.15 (2.88-3.41), respectively. Variables associated with refusing to share results were conducting research similar to the Human Genome Project (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.75-2.42), publication rate (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03), and engagement in commercialization of research (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 2.08-2.82).Withholding of research results is not a widespread phenomenon among life-science researchers. However, withholding is more common among the most productive and entrepreneurial faculty. These results also suggest that data withholding has affected a significant number of life-science faculty and further study on data-withholding practices is suggested.
Metabolic Response during Impending Myocardial Infarction
Authors: M. F. OLIVER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The immediate local metabolic response of the myocardium to acute regional ischemia is determined by an interaction of various influences. These include: (1) the extent of and the variability in reduction of blood flow; (2) the degree and persistence of hypoxia; and (3) the effects of local release of catecholamines, particularly in relation to loss of intracellular potassium. The subsequent metabolic response of the myocardium is partly dependent on the degree of impairment locally of normal myocardial metabolism and partly on the systemic reaction to increased catecholamine activity and hence on: (1) adipose tissue lipolysis; (2) hepatic and muscle glycogenolysis; (3) insulin suppression; and (4) growth hormone and cortisol activity. These determine the extent of the uptake from blood of FFA and glucose by the ischemic myocardium. There is increasing evidence that high arterial concentrations of FFA can depress myocardial performance by leading to ventricular arrhythmias and decreased contractility. This effect probably depends on a critical interaction between the local concentration of FFA, catecholamines, and hypoxia. Metabolic intervention in the management of heart attacks should accordingly be directed toward reducing mobilization of adipose tissue FFA and increasing myocardial glycolytic activity.
Immunological aspects of psoriasis. VI. Impairment of isoprenaline and theophylline-induced inhibition of mitogen responsiveness
Authors: J.J. GUILHOU, MONIQUE ANDARY, J. CLOT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Immunological aspects of psoriasis. VI. Impairment of isoprenaline and theophylline‐induced inhibition of mitogen responsiveness Get access J.J. GUILHOU, J.J. GUILHOU Service de Dermatologie, Hôspital Saint‐Charles, and Laboratoire ?Immunologie, Hospital Saint‐Eloi, Montpellier, France J. J. Guilhou, M. D., Service de Dermatologie, Hospital Saint‐Charles, 34059 Montpellier cédex, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MONIQUE ANDARY, MONIQUE ANDARY Service de Dermatologie, Hôspital Saint‐Charles, and Laboratoire ?Immunologie, Hospital Saint‐Eloi, Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. CLOT J. CLOT Service de Dermatologie, Hôspital Saint‐Charles, and Laboratoire ?Immunologie, Hospital Saint‐Eloi, Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 110, Issue 4, 1 April 1984, Pages 417–422, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04656.x Published: 01 April 1984 Article history Accepted: 05 October 1983 Published: 01 April 1984
Treatment of delusional parasitoses
Authors: D. O. Clayton
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —We would like to offer further comment on psychopharmacologic treatments for the dermatological conditions described by Ms Lamberg in a Medical News & Perspectives article. 1   Lamberg mentioned Dr Koo's suggestion to treat delusional disorder 2 with dermatological theme with pimozide, 3 and cautioned about the development of pimozide-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). 2 Instead of using pimozide or other conventional neuroleptics such as haloperidol or chlorpromazine, we would like to recommend the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs 3 that are EPS sparing. 4 The latter includes clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine. These atypical antipsychotic medications have less tendency to cause the adverse effects of EPS or tardive dyskinesia. 3-5 Usually the use of anticholinergic agents (benztropin, trihexylphenidyl, and the like) or diphenhydramine hydrochloride (as recommended by Koo 1 ) is unnecessary. 5 Of note, the use of clozapine requires weekly blood monitoring for the adverse effect of agranulocytosis. 5
Clinical outcomes, when matched at presentation, do not vary between adult-onset Henöch-Schönlein purpura nephritis and IgA nephropathy
Authors: Hyung Jung Oh, Song Vogue Ahn, Dong Eun Yoo, Seung Jun Kim, Dong Ho Shin, Mi Jung Lee, Hyoung Rae Kim, Jung Tak Park, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Shin-Wook Kang, Kyu Hun Choi, Seung Hyeok Han
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Ring1B promotes hepatic stem/progenitor cell expansion through simultaneous suppression of Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a in mice
Authors: Hiroyuki Koike, Yasuharu Ueno, Takako Naito, Tomoya Shiina, Susumu Nakata, Rie Ouchi, Yuta Obana, Keisuke Sekine, Yun-Wen Zheng, Takanori Takebe, Kyo-ichi Isono, Haruhiko Koseki, Hideki Taniguchi
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins play crucial roles in self-renewal of stem cells by suppressing a host of genes through histone modifications. Identification of the downstream genes of PcG proteins is essential for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal. However, little is known about the PcG target genes in tissue stem cells. We found that the PcG protein, Ring1B, which regulates expression of various genes through monoubiquitination of histone H2AK119, is essential for expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. In mouse embryos with a conditional knockout of Ring1B , we found that the lack of Ring1B inhibited proliferation and differentiation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells and thereby inhibited hepatic organogenesis. These events were characterized by derepression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a, known negative regulators of cell proliferation. We conducted clonal culture experiments with hepatic stem/progenitor cells to investigate the individual genetic functions of Ring1B , Cdkn1a , and Cdkn2a . The data showed that the cell-cycle inhibition caused by Ring1B depletion was reversed when Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a were suppressed simultaneously, but not when they were suppressed individually. Conclusion : Our results show that expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells requires Ring1B-mediated epigenetic silencing of Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a , demonstrating that Ring1B simultaneously regulates multiple CDKIs in tissue stem/progenitor cells. (Hepatology 2014;60:323-333)
DNA ploidy in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours.
Authors: D J Jones, P S Hasleton, M Moore
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Fifty three bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours were studied to assess the significance of DNA ploidy, determined by flow cytometry of paraffin embedded tissue. Twenty eight were typical carcinoid tumours and 25 well differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Twenty seven were DNA diploid and 26 DNA aneuploid. DNA aneuploidy was significantly associated with histological features of increased malignant potential. Survival data were available for 43 patients. Of the 19 with DNA diploid tumours, 16 survived five years, compared with 14 of 24 with DNA aneuploid tumours--the difference being at the borderline of statistical significance. In a Cox multivariate regression analysis with other histological variables, DNA ploidy did not confer independent prognostic information. It is concluded that, although DNA aneuploidy as determined by flow cytometry is an indicator of increased malignant potential in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours, it does not provide clinically useful information additional to the results of routine histological examination.
Study links passive smoking and coronary blood flow
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Even transient, short term exposure to environmental smoke significantly reduces coronary blood flow in healthy, young non-smokers, a new study has reported.

The research supports arguments that passive smoke is dangerous and a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease; on the basis of epidemiological studies, the American Lung Association has already estimated that passive smoking is responsible for 35 000 to 50 000 cardiovascular deaths a year.

Dr Hiroyuki …
Do Seizures in Children Cause Intellectual Deterioration?
Authors: Jonas H. Ellenberg, Deborah G. Hirtz, Karin B. Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We studied whether the occurrence of seizures in childhood affected intellectual performance. We compared the full-scale IQs at seven years of age of children who had experienced one or more nonfebrile seizures with the IQs of their seizure-free siblings who were tested at the same age in a large longitudinal study. Among 98 children with seizures, the mean score on IQ tests at seven years was not significantly different from the mean score of their siblings. Mental retardation was more common among the children with seizures, but the excess was accounted for by children who had neurologic abnormalities before the first seizure. We also examined the IQ before and after the onset of seizures in 62 children whose first seizure occurred in the interval between psychometric examinations given at four and seven years of age. The IQ at seven years in the children with seizures did not differ significantly from that in controls matched for IQ (as determined at the four-year assessment), sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Thus, in both the sibling-control comparison and the comparisons made between controls and subjects before and after the onset of seizures, the occurrence of nonfebrile seizures was not associated with a significant change in full-scale IQ. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:1085–8.)
IgE profiles in Dutch hazelnut allergic patients*1Non-pollen related recognition of Cor a 1 and pepsin-induced neo-epitopes
Authors: J.H. Akkerdaas, M. Wensing, A. van Leeuwen, P. Schilte, S.L. Hefle, R.C. Aalberse, R. van Ree
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Counterregulation during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycemia in prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes.
Authors: K A Matyka, E C Crowne, P J Havel, I A Macdonald, D Matthews, D B Dunger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To examine counterregulatory responses during spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycemia in prepubertal children with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 29 prepubertal patients with type 1 diabetes underwent two overnight profiles. Data were analyzed from 16 children (median [range] 8.7 [5.9-12.9] years of age) with a night of hypoglycemia and a nonhypoglycemic night. Children hypoglycemic (&amp;lt; 3.5 mmol/l) on night 1 were given 25% extra carbohydrate as uncooked cornstarch with their usual evening snack on night 2 to avoid hypoglycemia. Glucose, growth hormone, and cortisol were measured every 15 min, catecholamines every 30 min, and glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and ketones every 60 min. A group of 15 healthy control subjects, aged 9.5 (5.6-12.1) years, underwent one overnight profile. RESULTS: Median duration of hypoglycemia was 225 (30-630) min, and glucose nadir was 2.0 (1.2-3.3) mmol/l. Insulin levels were not different on the two nights (P = 0.9, analysis of variance), but children with diabetes had higher insulin levels than normal control subjects between 2300 and 0300, maximal at 0200 (mean +/- SEM 57.4 +/- 5.7 vs. 31.6 +/- 5.0 pmol/l, P = 0.002). Peak epinephrine was higher on the night of hypoglycemia (0.98 [0.52-2.09] nmol/l) versus nonhypoglycemia (0.32 [0.21-0.62] nmol/l), P = 0.001, but norepinephrine (1.29 [1.07-2.64] vs. 1.26 [1.04-1.88] nmol/l, P = 0.5), glucagon (93 [64.2-125.6] vs. 100.5 [54.6-158] ng/l, P = 0.6), pancreatic polypeptide (410.2 [191-643.2] vs. 270.8 [158.2-777.8] ng/l, P = 0.5), and cortisol (513 [300-679] vs. 475 [235-739] nmol/l, P = 0.6) were not different. Glucose threshold for epinephrine release was very low, 1.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/l. There was a short-lived rise in growth hormone from 75-105 min after onset of hypoglycemia, maximal at 90 min (7.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.9 ng/ml, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged nature of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes may be explained in part by defective counterregulation. The risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia needs to be reduced before intensification of insulin therapy can be contemplated in this age-group.
18F-FDG PET/CT Appearances of Adult Pulmonary Blastoma
Authors: Luke Ienari Sonoda, Thomas Wagner, Bal Sanghera, Wai-Lup Wong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

18F-FDG PET/CT scanning plays an important role in the management of thoracic malignancy. The authors would like to present FDG PET/CT images of a rare thoracic malignancy, pulmonary blastoma in adulthood. The patient had recurrent metastatic disease of previously resected primary pulmonary blastoma. The foci of recurrent metastases in lung, mediastinum, and subcutaneous tissue are intensely FDG-avid.
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Cytarabine
Authors: William R. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A patient with previously diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and was treated with cytarabine, with a clinical remission. Histologic studies of a brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PML. Viral and immunological studies suggest that the biopsy contained a papovavirus similar to an agent isolated from another patient with PML. Further controlled clinical trials with antiviral agents are indicated.
A FEW PARAGRAPHS ON AFFECTIONS OF THE LACHRYMAL APPARATUS.
Authors: WILLIAM B. MEANY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

It will be apparent to any one who is at all familiar with the anatomic conformation of the lachrymal passages, that certain shaped appliances fashioned from a practically unyielding metal, under the name of lachrymal probes, do not meet the requirement for the purpose they were designed. We have evidence at every hand of the great injury following the passage of the probe, and the difficulty of effecting a cure for obstinate cases of epiphora, due to obstruction of the lachrymal canal. The "slitting up" or destruction of the punctæ and canaliculi, for frequent probings, the indiscriminate "plunging" and "twisting" of a bistoury or a sharp double-edged Graefe cataract knife into the tissues of the nasal duct, the application of caustic, tissue-destroying agents, have not only signally failed to effect a cure but, in the majority of cases, have entailed future discomfort and irreparable damage, with little or no permanent
Environmental Estrogens Induce Mast Cell Degranulation and Enhance IgE-Mediated Release of Allergic Mediators
Authors: Shin-ichiro Narita, Randall M. Goldblum, Cheryl S. Watson, Edward G. Brooks, D. Mark Estes, Edward M. Curran, Terumi Midoro-Horiuti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Prevalence and morbidity of allergic diseases have increased over the last decades. Based on the recently recognized differences in asthma prevalence between the sexes, we have examined the effect of endogenous estrogens on a key element of the allergic response. Some lipophilic pollutants have estrogen-like activities and are termed environmental estrogens. These pollutants tend to degrade slowly in the environment and to bioaccumulate and bioconcentrate in the food chain; they also have long biological half-lives.Our goal in this study was to identify possible pathogenic roles for environmental estrogens in the development of allergic diseases.We screened a number of environmental estrogens for their ability to modulate the release of allergic mediators from mast cells. We incubated a human mast cell line and primary mast cell cultures derived from bone marrow of wild type and estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha)-deficient mice with environmental estrogens with and without estradiol or IgE and allergens. We assessed degranulation of mast cells by quantifying the release of beta-hexosaminidase.All of the environmental estrogens tested caused rapid, dose-related release of beta-hexosaminidase from mast cells and enhanced IgE-mediated release. The combination of physiologic concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and several concentrations of environmental estrogens had additive effects on mast cell degranulation. Comparison of bone marrow mast cells from ER-alpha-sufficient and ER-alpha-deficient mice indicated that much of the effect of environmental estrogens was mediated by ER-alpha.Our findings suggest that estrogenic environmental pollutants might promote allergic diseases by inducing and enhancing mast cell degranulation by physiologic estrogens and exposure to allergens.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy associated with primary pulmonary hypertension and patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Masatoshi Nakao, Toshitami Sawayama, Masanobu Samukawa, Hirotoshi Mitake, Shoso Nezuo, Hideo Fuseno, Kouichi Hasegawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
GW25-e3504 The effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 on the brain of aging mouse and mTOR/p70S6K pathway
Authors: Peng Pei, Zhiming Song, Yong Liu, Baoshun Hao, Shujie Yu, Bin Zhou, Dinghui Liu, Haiming Niu, Jieming Zhu, Xiaoxian Qian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
South Africa and Britain reach agreement to curb poaching of healthcare staff
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The UK and South African governments have agreed to slow down the migration of South African doctors and other healthcare professionals to the United Kingdom. The move is part of UK proposals to strengthen the code of practice on international recruitment and to prevent agencies stripping 150 developing countries, including South Africa, of their doctors and nurses.

The proposals include offering private sector employers that sign up to the code access to international recruitment programmes in a bid to slow “back-door” recruitment into the NHS and closing a loophole …
Redesigning Hospital Alarms for Patient Safety
Authors: Vineet Chopra, Laurence F. McMahon
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Evidence-Based Guide to Writing Grant Proposals for Clinical Research
Authors: Sharon K. Inouye, David A. Fiellin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

The competition for funds to conduct clinical research is intense, and only a minority of grant proposals receive funding. In particular, funding for patient-oriented research lags behind that allocated for basic science research. Grant writing is a skill of fundamental importance to the clinical researcher, and conducting high-quality clinical research requires funds received through successful grant proposals. This article provides recommendations for the grant-writing process for clinical researchers. On the basis of observations from a National Institutes of Health study section, we describe types and sources of grant funds, provide key recommendations regarding the process of grant writing, and highlight the sections of grants that are frequently scrutinized and critiqued. We also provide specific recommendations to help grant writers improve the quality of areas commonly cited as deficient. Application of this systematic approach will make the task more manageable for anyone who writes grants.
Paraben Allergy
Authors: William F. Schorr
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Paraben esters are incorporated in most dermatologic and cosmetic creams and lotions as preservatives. A two-year clinical study on the allergenic potential of these bacteriostatic and fungistatic chemicals showed that of 273 consecutive patients with chronic dermatitis who were routinely patch tested to 5% paraben in petrolatum had paraben allergy, an 0.8% incidence. Strongly positive patch test reactions in four patients with marked paraben allergy correlated well with the clinical course. Patients with contact dermatitis caused by paraben allergy present with long histories of intractable dermatitis which continues to flare regardless of the corticosteroid cream prescribed. Once the proper diagnosis is recognized and a paraben free medication is applied, these patients make a rapid and complete recovery. Paraben allergy must be suspected in any patient who gives a long history of recalcitrant dermatitis which has not responded to customary dermatologic diagnostic and therapeutic technique.
Haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation from KIR ligand–mismatched donors with activating KIRs reduces nonrelapse mortality
Authors: Antonella Mancusi, Loredana Ruggeri, Elena Urbani, Antonio Pierini, Maria Speranza Massei, Alessandra Carotti, Adelmo Terenzi, Franca Falzetti, Antonella Tosti, Fabiana Topini, Silvia Bozza, Luigina Romani, Rita Tognellini, Martin Stern, Franco Aversa, Massimo F. Martelli, Andrea Velardi
Journal: Blood (2015)