tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How to combine interpolation with feedback?
Authors: Guenther Palm
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The Chorus representation is a sparse, similarity-preserving representation achieved by a feedforward neural network. Hence it is probably better suited for interpolation than for categorization. This commentary raises the question of how to combine categorization with interpolation, whether feedforward networks can be reasonable models for parts of the cerebral cortex, and whether people can perform more than one interpolation at a time.
Should Premarital Syphilis Serologies Continue To Be Mandated by Law?
Authors: Yehudi M. Felman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ONE OF the screening tests that has been used to measure the extent of communicable syphilis in a population is the premarital syphilis serology that is mandated by law in most states. Approximately 4 million serologies are performed annually in the United States for this purpose.<sup>1</sup>In New York City, according to the Office of the City Clerk, 57,994 marriage licenses were issued in 1976. Therefore, about 116,000 premarital syphilis tests were performed. For some time, the Bureau of Venereal Disease Control of the New York City Health Department has been exploring whether this screening test has a meaningful impact on syphilis control. For a screening program to be considered cost-effective, the disease screened should be of serious or catastrophic consequence and easily preventable or treatable, and the cost of the screening test itself should be negligible. Screening for hypertension and glaucoma fulfills these requirements well. On the other
Physical fitness indices and anthropometrics profiles in schoolchildren with sickle cell trait/disease
Authors: Hisham Moheeb, Yasser A. Wali, Mahmoud S. El‐Sayed
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract The current studies aimed at determining physical fitness indices and anthropometrics profiles of school children with sickle cell trait (SCT) and sickle cell disease (SCD). Male school children (150) comprising 3 Groups participated in the studies. Group 1 has 50 normal healthy controls, while Groups 2 and 3 each has 50 children who were suffering from SCT and SCD, respectively. Anthropometrics measurement and parameters of physical fitness were assessed in all subjects. All children were also subjected to a 5‐min running exercise test on a flat motorized treadmill at speed corresponding to 5 km/hr. Throughout the test, heart rate was monitored and recoded during exercise and for 10‐min during recovery. Blood lactate was measured before and 5 min following the completion of test. The mean values of lean body mass and height were lower in the SCD children ( P &lt; 0.05) compared with the healthy subjects and SCT individuals. Children with SCD exhibited a higher mean value ( P &lt; 0.05) for percent body fat and fat mass than the normal healthy subjects and SCT individuals. Although all groups tolerated well the treadmill exercise protocol, the SCD group exhibited higher ( P &lt; 0.05) mean values of heart rate during exercise than those observed in the SCT and normal control children. In addition, SCD children showed higher serum lactate values before and after treadmill exercise compared to the other groups. Children with SCD exhibit high level of adiposity; low level of fitness and their exercise performance appears to be physiologically more stressful as indicated by heart rate and blood lactate concentration responses. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Expression of Tissue Repair Genes in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: John V. Gosselink, Shizu Hayashi, W. Mark Elliott, Li Xing, Becky Chan, Luojia Yang, Claire Wright, Don Sin, Peter D. Paré, John A. Pierce, Richard A. Pierce, Alex Patterson, Joel Cooper, James C. Hogg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: The airflow limitation that defines severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by a combination of small airway obstruction and emphysematous lung destruction.Objectives: To examine the hypothesis that small airway obstructive and emphysematous destructive lesions are produced by differential expression of genes associated with tissue repair.Methods: The expression of 54 genes associated with repair of repetitively damaged tissue was measured in 136 paired samples of small bronchioles and surrounding lung tissue separated by laser capture microdissection. These samples were collected from 63 patients at different levels of disease severity who required surgery for either lung cancer or lung transplantation for very severe COPD. Gene expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in these paired samples and compared with the FEV1 by linear regression analysis.Measurements and Main Results: After corrections for false discovery rates, only 2 of 10 genes (serpin peptidase inhibitor/plasminogen activator inhibitor member 2 and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 10) increased, whereas 8 (MMP2, integrin-α1, vascular endothelial growth factor, a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 33, scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2, fibronectin, and collagen 3α1) decreased in small airways in association with FEV1. In contrast, 8/12 genes (early growth response factor 1, MMP1, MMP9, MMP10, plasminogen activator urokinase, plasminogen activator urokinase receptor, tumor necrosis factor, and IL13) increased and 4/12 (MMP2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, collagen 1α1, and transforming growth factor-β3) decreased in the surrounding lung tissue in association with progression of COPD.Conclusions: The progression of COPD is associated with the differential expression of a cluster of genes that favor the degradation of the tissue surrounding the small conducting airways.
Overcoming Resistance to Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The discovery that certain activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain may determine responses to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) allowed more precise selection of patients who were likely to have a response.1,2 These mutations are seen in approximately 10 to 15% of metastatic NSCLC tumors, mostly in patients with adenocarcinoma who have never smoked. As compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors significantly improve the overall response rate and progression-free survival in previously untreated patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.35 However, despite their . . .
Using Normal Gene as Template May Offer Means of 'In-Place' Genetic Repair
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

REPAIRING GENES by taking advantage of chromosomal recombination is emerging as a promising new approach to gene therapy, according to speakers at the recent 16th International Congress of Genetics in Toronto. Although gene therapy was once thought to be nearing clinical trials, numerous technical problems have kept it in the laboratory. One principal stumbling block has been an inability to get inserted genes to express proteins at useful levels in animal models. The difficulty, many investigators say, arises from the vehicles used to transport genes into the cell. The most widely used vehicles, modified retroviruses, are essentially unguided missiles that deposit their cargo randomly about the genome. The transported genes, out of their customary positions, are usually only temporarily activated, if at all. One solution may be to repair the defective gene in place, suggests Paul Berg, PhD, director of the Beckman Center for Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Stanford (Calif)
P64. T cell re-direction against Glypican-3 for immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: C Dargel, M Bassani-Sternberg, K Krebs, S Wilde, D Schendel, DH Busch, M Mann, U Protzer
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer related mortality world-wide and therapeutic options are very limited. A new therapeutic approach is the adoptive T cell therapy of HCC. Glypican-3 (GPC3) as a tumour associated antigen is expressed in up to
International working group for myelofibrosis research and treatment response assessment and long‐term follow‐up of 50 myelofibrosis patients treated with thalidomide‐prednisone based regimens
Authors: Prakash Thapaliya, Ayalew Tefferi, Animesh Pardanani, David P. Steensma, John Camoriano, Wenting Wu, Susan Geyer, Ruben A. Mesa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

We have previously reported the benefits of combination therapy with thalidomide and prednisone for the improvement of cytopenias and splenomegaly for patients with myelofibrosis (MF); both primary and those arising from an antecedent polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET). We report here the overall efficacy of three different thalidomide-prednisone based regimens (alone or in combination with either oral cyclophosphamide for three months or continuous weekly etanercept) when assessed by the IWG-MRT response criteria which were developed after completion of these studies. Additionally we report on the durability of response and long-term follow-up. We observed an overall response rate of 28% by IWG-MRT criteria (mostly clinical improvement - 22% anemia, 8% splenomegaly) with a median duration of response of 8.5 months. Toxicities primarily consisted of neuropathy (Grade 3 or higher neuropathy in 6%) and cytopenias (Grade 3 or higher in 20%). After a median follow-up of three years, fourteen patients (28%) had expired from MF at the time of this analysis with median survival of 36 months.
ABC of vascular diseases. Carotid endarterectomy.
Authors: D J Thomas, J H Wolfe
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Number of carotid endarterectomies carried out/million population, 1986-7.(information obtained from questionnaire sent to surgeons).Carotid endarterectomy has been done for 35 years but remains a contentious operation.Patients who have experienced transitory partial blindness or brief weakness in a limb may undergo the operation as prophylaxis against stroke or unilateral blindness, but the operation may actually precipitate these problems.It is now the most common vascular operation in the United States with roughly 100 000 such operations being done each year; about half are peformed in patients with asymptomatic disease.A backlash has developed from insurance agencies and the government, and surgeons now have to justify each procedure.In the best hands perioperative morbidity and mortality are less than 3%, but many operations are not done in major vascular centres and perioperative complication rates of up to 15% have been quoted.The operation that is supposed to prevent stroke may actually be causing more than 10000 strokes a year in the United States alone.Carotid endarterectomy is, however, generally assumed to be worth while.Transient ischaemic attacks are stopped immediately, and the chance of stroke once the perioperative period is past is low (1 -0% a year).Recent major studies are now clarifying the definite role of the operation in selected patients. Current practiceAngiogram of patient with vertebrobasilar symptoms and a 70% left internal carotid stenosis (top).Computed tomogram (bottom) showed secondary deposit in the cerebellum from an occult primary growth in the bronchus.
A virility test for the Tories?
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The leak of the Cabinet's plans for the family showed that they did not have all that much to do with the National Health Service, but it has served to refuel the fears that arose last year after the leak giving the proposals being put forward by the central policy review staff for the social services.The Opposition has not been slow to latch on to it.Mr Michael Foot, the Labour leader, seized on it in a powerful speech during the Bermondsey byelection campaign-not everything Mr Foot does is a disaster- to claim that the assault on the NHS would be more far reaching and deliberate than anything that had been seen before, and to promise that the next Labour government would from the very first day set about restoring the welfare state and rebuilding the NHS.
HBV superinfection in hepatitis C virus chronic carriers, viral interaction, and clinical course
Authors: Evangelista Sagnelli, Nicola Coppola, Vincenzo Messina, Domenico di Caprio, Cecilia Marrocco, Anna Marotta, Mirella Onofrio, Carlo Scolastico, Pietro Filippini
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

We enrolled 44 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) acute infection, 21 anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive for at least 1 year (case BC group), 20 anti-HCV-negative (control B group), and 3 with HBV/HCV acute concurrent infection. For each case BC, a subject with chronic HCV infection alone was selected (control C group). At the first observation, 85.7% of patients in case BC group and 85% of those in control B group were HBV-DNA-positive (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), with a similar trend towards a decrease and negativization in about 20 days; in the case BC group, seroconversion to antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) was more rapid. HCV-RNA (PCR) was undetectable in all case BC patients but 1, who shortly became negative, whereas 85.7% of subjects in control C group were positive (P <.001). Severe acute hepatitis was more frequent in the case BC group than in the control B group (28.6% vs. 0%, P <.05). Of the 14 patients in the case BC group and of the 16 in the control B group followed up for more than 6 months, 1 in the first and 1 in the second group became hepatitis B surface angiten (HBsAg) chronic carriers. Of the 13 patients in case BC group who recovered, 1 cleared both anti-HCV and HCV-RNA, 6 became HCV-RNA-positive, and 6 remained HCV-RNA-negative. In patients with HBV/HCV acute concurrent infection, HBV-DNA became undetectable in 15 days, and HCV-RNA and anti-HCV became positive at days 30 and 45, respectively; these patients developed HCV-RNA-positive chronic hepatitis. In conclusion, HBV superinfection in chronic HCV carriers has a severe clinical course and strongly and persistently depresses HCV.
Junior doctors: the moment of decision
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1999)

News p 869 

Britain's junior doctors have huge public and professional support in their struggle to improve the hours they work, their conditions, and their pay. The public is grateful to them for always being there, no matter whether it is the dead of night or Christmas Day; even the tabloid newspapers argue their case. The other parts of the profession, including the consultants and the general practitioners, gave unanimous support to the juniors for their battle at the BMA's annual meeting. Now after a tough summer of negotiation the junior doctors face a difficult decision. Should they accept an offer that is less than they demanded but which some regard as excellent? Or should they test their support and try for more, running the risk that they will lose what they've gained?

Junior doctors are on the front line of a National Health Service under enormous pressure. They are the ones who must comfort and treat patients in packed accident and emergency departments, overflowing admission wards, full intensive care units, and beds in the day rooms of wards. They, not politicians, are the ones who must explain to patients and their families the …
The Physiology of the Eye.
Authors: Albert M. Potts
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Just as the first edition of this book represented a concise and effective one volume presentation of its fairly complex subject, the second edition, much revised and somewhat enlarged, accurately reflects the sweeping changes that have occurred in the field during the past 14 years. The first two sections in particular, those dealing with the "Vegetative Physiology and Biochemistry of the Eye" and with "The Mechanism of Vision," have been most modified by the newer advances. The book may be recommended to the newcomer to ophthalmology as an introduction to a number of areas covered in specialty board examinations. The ophthalmic veteran who wishes a new look at the basic sciences, and the physiologist who wishes a short survey of one particular portion of the special senses, may also find it useful. It is not recommended as hammock reading to anyone but visual physiologists.
Effects of Elevated Serum Prolactin on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Female Patients With Schizophrenia: A Prospective Study
Authors: George Abraham, Wynn Wynn Paing, Joanne Kaminski, Ashok Joseph, Eva Kohegyi, Richard C. Josiassen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2003)

This study was designed to prospectively examine differential effects of sustained "high" and "low" serum prolactin levels on bone mineral density and peripheral markers of bone metabolism.A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer was used to measure bone mineral density. Peripheral markers of bone formation and resorption were used to measure bone metabolism in 14 Caucasian female patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone or olanzapine monotherapy over 12 months.Analyses of variance failed to show an association between elevated prolactin and bone mineral loss over time. However, higher rates of bone formation and resorption were seen in those with high prolactin levels.The results failed to show that elevated prolactin accelerates bone mineral density loss. However, sustained hyperprolactinemia did have an impact on the rate of bone metabolism. Perhaps higher prolactin levels over longer time periods are necessary before the metabolic processes become uncoupled, leading to bone mineral density loss.
Localization of Enlarged Parathyroid Glands by Thallium-201 and Technetium-99m Subtraction Imaging
Authors: T M D GIMLETTE, W H TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Twenty-two patients, all with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism, were studied by TI-201 thallous chloride and Tc-99m pertechnetate subtraction imaging. Fifteen parathyroid adenomata and one hyperplastic gland between 0.33 and 14.8 g were correctly localized in 16 patients. Two adenomata and seven hyperplastic or histologically normal parathyroids between 0.1 g and 1.4 g in seven patients were not localized. One patient had a correctly localized 13.0-g adenoma with a nonlocalized 0.3 g hyperplastic parathyroid gland and there were two false positive localizations. Sensitivity was 64% (glands), and 73% (patients). There was only fair correlation with parathormone (PTH) levels, but these were elevated in all but four of the patients with correctly localized parathyroids. The authors conclude that the imaging procedure is useful but its sensitivity is limited by difficulty in localizing correctly small glands, particularly those of less than 0.5 g, which comprised 29% of those excised.
APPENDECTOMY FOR A NON-SHADOW-CASTING URETERAL CALCULUS IN A CHILD
Authors: William P. Herbst
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A girl, aged 6, with a negative family history, had been normal at birth, when she weighed 11 pounds 12 ounces (5.3 Kg.). She was breast fed for three months and then put on artificial feeding, which was satisfactory. Until 3 years of age the patient was well and developed normally in every way. For the past three years she had been subject to periodic abdominal upsets consisting of general abdominal pain accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and lasting from two to four days. April 15, 1929, an appendectomy was done elsewhere, without incident. According to the history, the appendix was not badly diseased. The child was home, April 23, eight days after the operation, and was feeling well. Two days later, April 25, she complained of the same old abdominal pain, with nausea and vomiting. The next day, April 26, she was up and about, with no complaint. April
Minimal change nephropathy in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Authors: D R Singer, A P Jenkins, S Gupta, D J Evans
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A propos d'une observation. La proteinurie est frequente chez les malades atteints de SIDA mais elle est le plus souvent due a d'autres causes que la nephropathie a lesions glomerulaires minimes, qui est diagnostiquee sur biopsie dans le cas presente
The Mini-Cog had sensitivity similar to the longer 3MS for detecting cognitive impairment or dementia
Authors: Calvin Hirsch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Holsinger T, Plassman BL, Stechuchak KM, et al. Screening for cognitive impairment: comparing the performance of four instruments in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:1027-36. 22646750
124 HCV viral recurrence and liver mitochondrial damage after liver transplantation (LT) in HIV-HCV coinfected patients
Authors: J.C. Duclos-Vallee, D. Vittecoq, E. Teicher, C. Feray, A.M. Roque-Afonso, A. Lombes, C. Jardel, M. Gigou, E. Dussaix, C. Guettier, M. Sebagh, D. Azoulay, R. Adam, P. Ichai, F. Saliba, B. Roche, D. Castaing, D. Samuel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure volume relationships with experimental acute global ischemia.
Authors: I Palacios, R A Johnson, J B Newell, W J Powell
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The mechanism of elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during acute global ischemia was evaluated by examiniation of the relative contributions of a decrease in contractility and an alteration of the pressure-volume relationship. The external circumference (mercury-in-silastic gauge) pressure relationship, as an index of the pressure-volume relationship, was studied in beta adrenergic and ganglionic blocked, open chest dogs on right heart bypass at constant heart rate ane aortic pressure. Ischemia of one and two hours' duration was produced by reducing total coronary blood flow in cannulated left and right coronary arteries until left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose significantly. At a constant stroke work, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure rose from 5.0 +/- 0.5 to 15.0 +/- 0.5 cm H2O in the experiments of one hour of ischemia, and from 7.0 +/- 1.0 to 17.0 +/- 1.0 cm H2O in experiments of two hours of ischemia. Ischemia was followed by one hour of restoration of coronary blood flow. Ischemia produced a marked depression of ventricular function: stroke work, considered at a left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 15 cm H2O, decreased from 21.0 +/- 3.0 to 3.5 +/- 0.5 gm-m, and from 15.0 +/- 2.0 to 2.5 +/- 0.5 gm-m, in the experiments of one and two hours, respectively. Neither ischemia nor reflow changed the pressure-volume relationship. Thus, the elevation of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during ischemia in an otherwise normal canine myocardium is due to a decrease in systolic performance of the heart rather than to an alteration of the pressure-volume relationship.