tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The quality of human skin xenografts on SCID mice: a noninvasive bioengineering approach
Authors: U. Kappes, S. Schliemann-Willers, L. Bankova, C. Heinemann, T.W. Fischer, M. Ziemer, H. Schubert, J. Norgauer, J.W. Fluhr, P. Elsner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Animal models are important tools for studies in skin physiology and pathophysiology. Due to substantial differences in skin characteristics such as thickness and number of adnexa, the results of animal studies cannot always be directly transferred to the human situation. Therefore, transplantation of human skin on to SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice might offer a promising tool to perform studies in viable human skin without the direct need for human volunteers.To characterize the physiological and anatomical changes of a human skin transplant on a SCID animal host.In this study human skin was transplanted on to 32 SCID mice and followed for 6 months. Barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss (TEWL; tewametry) and moisture content of the stratum corneum was studied by measurement of electrical capacitance (corneometry).The results showed considerable deviations of TEWL values and skin hydration between the grafts and human skin in vivo. The human skin showed epidermal hyperkeratosis and moderate sclerosis of the corium 4 and 6 months after transplantation on to SCID mice.Our results indicate that human skin does not completely preserve its physiological and morphological properties after transplantation on to SCID mice. Therefore, results from experiments using this model system need to be discussed cautiously.
A heart rate/ECG recording device for sports research or rehabilitation.
Authors: A. F. Morris, C. Dotson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1978)

INTRODUCTI ONAlthough heart rate (HR) may seem like a relatively unsophisticated physiological parameter, it is nevertheless an accurate and reliable indicator of some basic biological information regarding an individual's cardio- vascular system.The heart rate is also known to be an excellent 'barometer' of a person's cardiovascular fitness (Simpson and Morris, 1978).For example, resting heart rates as low as 28 have been reported in elite world class endurance athletes (Van Ganse, et al., 1970).
The Cairo spiny mouse Acomys cahirinus shows a strong affinity to the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus
Authors: S. I. Agulnik, L. M. Silver
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

The classification of the African spiny mice (genus Acomys) within the Muridae family of rodents has been fraught with controversy. Morphological data suggest a close affinity between this group and true old world mice of the genus Mus. However, the combined results of immunological, biochemical, and DNA melting studies suggest that spiny mice should not even be considered as members of the Murinae subfamily. To further elucidate the position of the spiny mice within the rodent phylogenetic tree, we performed a direct sequence comparison of a 583-nucleotide homologous region from the spiny mouse type species Acomys cahirinus and five other representative rodent species. Our results provide incontrovertible evidence to support the contention that the spiny mouse is more closely related to the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus than it is to Mus musculus.
Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid- and fibrinogen gamma-chain carboxyterminal peptides inhibit platelet adherence to arterial subendothelium at high wall shear rates. An effect dissociable from interference with adhesive protein binding.
Authors: J B Lawrence, W S Kramer, L P McKeown, S B Williams, H R Gralnick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)- and fibrinogen gamma-chain carboxyterminal (GQQHHLGGAKQAGDV) peptides inhibit fibrinogen, fibronectin (Fn), vitronectin, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to the platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex (GP IIb-IIIa). GP IIb-IIIa, vWF, and Fn are essential for normal platelet adherence to subendothelium. We added peptides to normal citrated whole blood before perfusion over human umbilical artery subendothelium and evaluated platelet adherence morphometrically at high (2,600 s-1) and low (800 s-1) wall shear rates. We also examined the effects of the peptides on platelet adhesion to collagen in a static system. At the high wall shear rate, RGDS and GQQHHLGGAKQAGDV caused dose-dependent reduction in the surface coverage with spread and adherent platelets. Amino acid transposition and conservative substitutions of RGD peptides and the AGDV peptide significantly inhibited platelet adherence at 2,600 s-1. By contrast, the modified RGD peptides and AGDV do not affect adhesive protein binding to platelets. None of the native or modified RGD- or fibrinogen gamma-chain peptides significantly inhibited either platelet adherence to subendothelium at 800 s-1 or platelet adhesion to collagen. Our findings demonstrate that peptides that interfere with adhesive protein binding to GP IIb-IIIa inhibit platelet adherence to vascular subendothelium with flowing blood only at high wall shear rates. Platelet adherence to subendothelium at high wall shear rates appears to be mediated by different recognition specificities from those required for fluid-phase adhesive protein binding or static platelet adhesion.
Online Support Group Helps Patients Live With, Learn More About the Rare Skin Cancer CTCL-MF
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

A WOMAN  her husband went to see their family physician after her dermatologist told her that she had cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a form of lymphoma that usually starts in the skin. Our family physician was not familiar with the disease (which often progresses slowly), the husband wrote members of an online support group for people with CTCL, and hearing only the lymphoma part, gave her 6 months to a year to live. It took us a month,  the finding of this group, to sort out the truth.  Online support groups, as this message suggests, can give patients  their families practical information as well as reassurance that they need not face their illness or disability alone. Although these groups function much like face-to-face groups in the community, they meet 24 hours a day, enabling participants to read or post messages at any time. The frequent exchanges commonly
Recent Prediagnostic Aspirin Use, Lymph Node Involvement, and 5-Year Mortality in Women with Stage I–III Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Thomas I. Barron, Evelyn M. Flahavan, Linda Sharp, Kathleen Bennett, Kala Visvanathan
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Lymph node–positive breast tumors are more likely to express COX2 than node-negative tumors. In preclinical studies, COX2 inhibition prevents breast tumor spread to lymph nodes. Therefore, we examined the association between recent (1 year) prediagnostic use of aspirin (COX1/COX2 inhibitor), lymph node involvement at breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer–specific mortality. Women with stage I–III breast cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2006 (N = 2,796) were identified from Ireland's National Cancer Registry. These data were linked to prescription refill and mammographic screening databases. Relative risks (RR) were estimated for associations between prediagnostic aspirin use and lymph node–positive status at diagnosis. HRs were estimated for associations between pre- and postdiagnostic aspirin use and 5-year mortality, stratified by lymph node status. Women with prediagnostic aspirin use were statistically significantly less likely to present with a lymph node–positive tumor than nonusers [RR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81–0.97], particularly those with larger (Pinteraction = 0.036), progesterone receptor (PR)–negative (Pinteraction &amp;lt; 0.001) or estrogen receptor (ER)–negative (Pinteraction = 0.056) tumors. The magnitude of this association increased with dose (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.01) and dosing intensity (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.001) and was similar in women with or without screen-detected tumors (Pinteraction = 0.70). Prediagnostic aspirin use was associated with lower 5-year breast cancer–specific mortality among women with lymph node–negative tumors (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92) but not node-positive tumors (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.37–1.22). Tests for effect-modification were, however, not statistically significant (Pinteraction = 0.087). Postdiagnostic aspirin use was not associated with breast cancer–specific mortality (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.68–1.45). Our findings indicate that recent prediagnostic aspirin use is protective against lymph node–positive breast cancer. This is a plausible explanation for reductions in breast cancer mortality reported in observational studies of aspirin use. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4065–77. ©2014 AACR.
Germline BAP1 mutations predispose to malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Joseph R Testa, Mitchell Cheung, Jianming Pei, Jennifer E Below, Yinfei Tan, Eleonora Sementino, Nancy J Cox, A Umran Dogan, Harvey I Pass, Sandra Trusa, Mary Hesdorffer, Masaki Nasu, Amy Powers, Zeyana Rivera, Sabahattin Comertpay, Mika Tanji, Giovanni Gaudino, Haining Yang, Michele Carbone
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Response to Soto-Pedre et al.
Authors: Francisco Gómez-Ulla, Maria I. Fernandez, Francisco Gonzalez, Pablo Rey, Marta Rodríguez, Maria J. Rodriguez-Cid, Felipe F. Casanueva, Maria A. Tome, Javier Garcia-Tobio, Francisco Gude
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

We read with great interest the letter from Soto-Pedre et al. (1), which offered several observations on our article (2). Lin et al. (3) recently concluded that the optimal strategy for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening remains uncertain, and a number of possible modalities have been considered. Our study, which started in 1998, intended to reaffirm the need of validation of digital technology that has come up in recent years (4,5). Including digital retinal images in health records (6) will improve the management of diabetic patients.

We agree with Soto-Pedre et al. on the suitability of retinal photography for the screening of DR, as we have already mentioned in our article. Our objective was to examine the reliability of the digitally captured retinal image, subsequently compressed and …
Statistical review: frequently given comments
Authors: Stian Lydersen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

From 2006 to 2014, I have carried out approximately 200 statistical reviews of manuscripts for ARD. My most frequent review comments concern the following: 1. Report how missing data were handled. 2. Limit the number of covariates in regression analyses. 3. Do not use stepwise selection of covariates. 4. Use analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to adjust for baseline values in randomised controlled trials. 5. Do not use ANCOVA to adjust for baseline values in observational studies. 6. Dichotomising a continuous variable: a bad idea. 7. Student's t test is better than non-parametric tests. 8. Do not use Yates' continuity correction. 9. Mean (SD) is also relevant for non-normally distributed data. 10. Report estimate, CI and (possibly) p value-in that order of importance. 11. Post hoc power calculations-do not do it. 12. Do not test for baseline imbalances in a randomised controlled trial. 13. Report actual p values with 2 digits, maximum 3 decimals. 14. Format for reporting CIs.
Puerperal Convulsions before Delivery: Death: Remarks
Authors: C. J. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1867)

sterno-mastoid.At a rule, the conductors have to be moved along the side of the neck before they are successfuUly placod over the course of the nerve.When the phrenics are fairly galvanised, the epigastrium and hypechondria are seen to bulge; while, on
Communicating risk: But does it work, Doctor?
Authors: J. Protheroe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Research on social perception in monkeys may benefit from standardized, controllable, and ethologically valid renditions of conspecifics offered by monkey avatars. However, previous work has cautioned that monkeys, like humans, show an adverse reaction toward realistic synthetic stimuli, known as the “uncanny valley” effect. We developed an improved naturalistic rhesus monkey face avatar capable of producing facial expressions (fear grin, lip smack and threat), animated by motion capture data of real monkeys. For validation, we additionally created decreasingly naturalistic avatar variants. Eight rhesus macaques were tested on the various videos and avoided looking at less naturalistic avatar variants, but not at the most naturalistic or the most unnaturalistic avatar, indicating an uncanny valley effect for the less naturalistic avatar versions. The avoidance was deepened by motion and accompanied by physiological arousal. Only the most naturalistic avatar evoked facial expressions comparable to those toward the real monkey videos. Hence, our findings demonstrate that the uncanny valley reaction in monkeys can be overcome by a highly naturalistic avatar.
How Decisions are Reached: Physician and Patient
Authors: STEPHEN A. ERAKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

How can physicians consider patient preferences in reaching medical decisions? Physicians may intuitively agree about the importance of considering all significant aspects of alternative therapies, including patient preferences. However, it may be difficult to resolve or quantitate critical trade-offs between benefit and risk, and quality and quantity of life. One way to do this is decision analysis, a systematic approach to decision making under conditions of uncertainty. Behavioral research involving the assessment of values and probabilities may bear on the adequacy of decision analysis and help us to better understand patient preferences in clinical decisions.
Nerve Compression Due to a Tight Watchband
Authors: Howard R. Bierman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

EACH advance in the standard of living often replaces some less desirable or effective mode of performance. In general the benefits of each advance usually outweigh whatever disadvantages they create, most of which are soon corrected as they are encountered. Occasionally, an unanticipated pathologic condition develops that may go unrecognized and result in irreparable damage if not detected and remedied in time. This report deals with an interesting finding, whose true frequency is unknown and is probably greater than is realized.Case ReportMrs. M.G., a 34-year-old housewife, was first seen in consultation on January 20, 1958, because of persistent . . .
Early Therapy Improves Outcomes of Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Tom M. A. Wilkinson, Gavin C. Donaldson, John R. Hurst, Terence A. R. Seemungal, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations improves outcomes; however, responses to treatment are variable, and patients with COPD often delay presentation or fail to seek therapy. The impact on exacerbation outcomes, hospitalization, and health status of delaying or failing to seek treatment is poorly understood. We studied between 1996 and 2002 a cohort of 128 patients with COPD, mean (SD) FEV(1) of 1.07 (0.43) L. Patients recorded respiratory symptoms daily and reported exacerbations to the outpatient-based study team or to their primary care physician; 1,099 exacerbations were recorded by the patients, of which 658 were reported to a physician. The time between exacerbation onset and treatment was a median (interquartile range) of 3.69 (2.0-5.57) days, and the exacerbation recovery time was 10.7 (7.0-14.0) days. Earlier treatment was associated with a faster recovery (regression coefficient 0.42 days/day delay) (confidence interval, 0.19-0.65; p < 0.001). Patients who reported a higher proportion of exacerbations for treatment had better health-related quality of life than those patients with more untreated exacerbations (rho = -0.22, p = 0.018). Failure to report exacerbations was associated with an increased risk of emergency hospitalization (rho = 0.21, p = 0.04). Patient recognition of exacerbation symptoms and prompt treatment improves exacerbation recovery, reduces risks of hospitalization, and is associated with a better health-related quality of life.
Simultaneous Analysis of Mucosal and Submucosal Hemodynamics Using Infrared Electronic Endoscopy: Effects of Intraluminal Acid on Ulcer Scars
Authors: S. Tsuji, S. Kawano, N. Hayashi, M. Tsujii, Y. Takei, K. Nagano, Y. Sasayama, I. Kobayashi, H. Fusamoto, T. Kamada
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: This report describes the use of an infrared electronic endoscope for the assessment of gastric mucosal and submucosal hemodynamics in ulcer scars.
Abstract 16852: A Simple Voltage/Mass Index Improves Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis in Patients With Unexplained Left Ventricular “Hypertrophy”: An Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Study of More Than 500 Patients
Authors: Candida C Quarta, Claudia Borghi, Stefano Perlini, Francesco Musca, Francesco Salinaro, Simone Longhi, Laura Obici, Caterina Villani, Christian Gagliardi, Pamela Gallo, Francesca Mingardi, Elena Biagini, Angelo Branzi, Giampaolo Merlini, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Cardiac amyloidosis can mimic other diseases with increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Alt...
Hospital admission rates for meningitis and septicaemia caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in children in England over five decades: a population-based observational study
Authors: Natalie G Martin, Manish Sadarangani, Andrew J Pollard, Michael J Goldacre
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2014)
Incidence, risk factors, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: Comparative analysis from two centers
Authors: Anna Cavazza, Llorenç Caballería, Annarosa Floreani, Fabio Farinati, Miquel Bruguera, Diego Caroli, Albert Parés
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The limited information and divergent results on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) may be due to the low prevalence of the disease and geographical and environmental differences. Therefore, we analyzed the incidence, prevalence, survival, and risk factors for HCC in patients with PBC from two European centers (389 from Barcelona, Spain, and 327 from Padova, Italy) followed up for 9.3 ± 6.5 years. Gender, age, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV), and advanced histological stage (III-IV) were evaluated as risk factors for tumor development. Twenty-four patients (13 from Barcelona and 11 from Padova) developed HCC. The prevalence of HCC was similar in Barcelona (3.34%) and Padova (3.36%). The incidence was 0.35 and 0.37 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Male gender, age >52 years, smoking habit, alcohol >40 g/day, HBsAg, and anti-HCV were not associated with HCC. Advanced histological stage was the only factor associated with the development of HCC (odds ratio [OR]: 5.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.34-14.38, P < 0.001). When analyzing the two series separately, male gender was associated with higher likelihood of HCC in Padova (OR: 8.09, 95% CI: 1.93-33.8, P < 0.01). The median survival after the diagnosis of HCC was 36 months. Conclusion: The prevalence and incidence of HCC is similar in Spain and Italy and the advanced histological stage is the only risk factor associated with the development of HCC in PBC. The slight disparities observed between the two series might be explained by patient features on diagnosis of liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Cam impingement of the hip—a risk factor for hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Rintje Agricola, Jan H. Waarsing, Nigel K. Arden, Andrew J. Carr, Sita M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra, Geraint E. Thomas, Harrie Weinans, Sion Glyn-Jones
Journal: Nature Reviews Rheumatology (2013)
Bishop Berkeley and the Corporeal World
Authors: Bob Hoke
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> It was a pleasure to see George Berkeley quoted in Dr. L. I. Gardner's letter, (<b>209</b>:1528, 1969) because some of Berkeley's ideas are still relevant. Turbayne has pointed out that Berkeley's theory of vision was much more than that. It was also a metaphor for explaining how we exist in the world.<sup>1</sup>In contrast to Cartesian mechanism, Berkeley clearly regarded natural phenomena as a language or discourse to be studied and interpreted. For him, what Dr. Gardner called a "more sophisticated<i>perception</i>of the world" would be a more sophisticated<i>interpretation</i>because the world existed as a visual language needing interpretation rather than as a picture to be perceived. Sense data act as "signs by means whereof things not actually perceived by sense are signified or suggested to the imagination which alone perceives them. All signs suggest the things signified. A great number of arbitrary signs,
Chemokines induce eosinophil degranulation through CCR-3
Authors: Takao Fujisawa, Yoshiko Kato, Hiroyuki Nagase, Jun Atsuta, Akihiko Terada, Kosei Iguchi, Hitoshi Kamiya, Yutaka Morita, Motoji Kitaura, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Osamu Yoshie, Koichi Hirai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Arsenic, antimony, and Leishmania: has arsenic contamination of drinking water in India led to treatment- resistant kala-azar?
Authors: Meghan Perry, Susan Wyllie, Vijay Prajapati, Joris Menten, Andrea Raab, Joerg Feldmann, Dipankar Chakraborti, Shyam Sundar, Marleen Boelaert, Albert Picado, Alan Fairlamb
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Effects of mechanical ventilation of isolated mouse lungs on surfactant and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: R.A.W. Veldhuizen, A.S. Slutsky, M. Joseph, L. McCaig
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Mechanical ventilation of the lung is an essential but potentially harmful therapeutic intervention for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The objective of the current study was to establish and characterize an isolated mouse lung model to study the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation. Lungs were isolated from BalbC mice and randomized to either a nonventilated group, a conventionally ventilated group (tidal volume 7 mL·kg −1 , 4 cm positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)) or an injuriously ventilated group (20 mL·kg −1 , 0 cm PEEP). Lungs were subsequently analysed for lung compliance, morphology, surfactant composition and inflammatory cytokines. Injurious ventilation resulted in significant lung dysfunction, which was associated with a significant increase in pulmonary surfactant, and surfactant small aggregates compared to the other two groups. Injurious ventilation also led to a significantly increased concentration of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α in the lavage. It was concluded that the injurious effects of mechanical ventilation can effectively be studied in isolated mouse lung, which offers the potential of studying genetically altered animals. It was also concluded that in this model, the lung injury is, in part, mediated by the surfactant system and the release of inflammatory mediators.