tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ammonia triggers neuronal disinhibition and seizures by impairing astrocyte potassium buffering
Authors: Vinita Rangroo Thrane, Alexander S Thrane, Fushun Wang, Maria L Cotrina, Nathan A Smith, Michael Chen, Qiwu Xu, Ning Kang, Takumi Fujita, Erlend A Nagelhus, Maiken Nedergaard
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
Remarks on Ten Consecutive Cases of Operations upon the Brain and Cranial Cavity to Illustrate the Details and Safety of the Method Employed
Authors: V. Horsley
Journal: BMJ (1887)

by myself on what I believed to be the best method of treating the brain sur- gically, a method which, thougb contravening many of the accepted canons of surgery at the present time, I had previously derived by ex- periments on the lower animals not only to be the safest, but also to afford the best results.The further experience gained from opera - tions upon man, as might be expected, has added little to the know-
Quality Assessment of Transcriptome Data Using Intrinsic Statistical Properties
Authors: Guillaume Brysbaert, François-Xavier Pellay, Sebastian Noth, Arndt Benecke
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract In view of potential application to biomedical diagnosis, tight transcriptome data quality control is compulsory. Usually, quality control is achieved using labeling and hybridization controls added at different stages throughout the processing of the biologic RNA samples. These control measures, however, only reflect the performance of the individual technical manipulations during the entire process and have no bearing as to the continued integrity of the RNA sample itself. Here we demonstrate that intrinsic statistical properties of the resulting transcriptome data signal and signal-variance distributions and their invariance can be identified independently of the animal species studied and the labeling protocol used. From these invariant properties we have developed a data model, the parameters of which can be estimated from individual experiments and used to compute relative quality measures based on similarity with large reference datasets. These quality measures add supplementary, non-redundant information to standard quality control estimates based on spike-in and hybridization controls, and are exploitable in data analysis. A software application for analyzing datasets as well as a reference dataset for AB1700 arrays are provided. They should allow AB1700 users to easily integrate this method into their analysis pipeline, and might instigate similar developments for other transcriptome platforms.
Bronchodilating Effect of Mexiletine
Authors: K. DE MEIRLEIR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Bronchodilating Effect of MexiletineK. DE MEIRLEIR, M.D., W. VINCKEN, M.D.K. DE MEIRLEIR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. VINCKEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-640_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to report an effect of the antiarrhythmic drug mexiletine that to our knowledge, has not been previously reported (1-4).A 28-year-old man with a history of atopic bronchial asthma received 80 mg of propranolol daily for suppression of ventricular ectopic beats and episodes of ventricular tachycardia. He developed severe bronchospasm, which disappeared after he stopped taking the drug and reappeared after he started again.Two months before, while the patient was receiving no therapy at all, respiratory function testing showed a slightly decreased ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity...References1. TALBOTCLARKNIMMONEILSONJULIANPRESCOTT RRJJDL. Treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with mexiletine (Kö 1173). Lancet. 1973;2:399-403. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DANNEBERGSHELLEY PJ. The pharmacology of mexiletine. Postgrad Med J. 1977;53(suppl 1):25. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. CAMPBELLPANTRIDGEADGEY NJA. Mexiletine in the management of ventricular dysrhythmias. Eur J Cardiol. 1978;6(4):245-58. Google Scholar4. LEAHEYBIGGER EJ. Mexiletine: a new antiarrhythmic drug. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:427-9. LinkGoogle Scholar5. COTES J. Lung Function Assessment and Application in Medicine. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1979;107-9. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Free University of Brussels Hospital B-1090 Brussels Belgium PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 640-640KeywordsAsthmaDrugsForced expiratory volumeForced vital capacityVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Looking Back to the Future of Radiology
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ONE HUNDRED YEARS ago, on November 8, working in his rather spartan laboratory in Würzburg, Germany, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845-1923) saw something just a few others had seen—but only he realized it was something new. Something<i>astonishingly</i>new. He noticed a glow coming from a phosphorescent screen not far from the cathode ray gas discharge tube he was using in one of his experiments. He traced the source of the invisible rays to the point where the cathode rays were striking the glass wall of the discharge tube. To his astonishment, the rays, unlike visible or ultraviolet light, readily penetrated many opaque objects—including the flesh of his hand, revealing an uncanny shadowy image of his bones. Unlike cathode rays, the mysterious new rays would not be bent by either magnetic or electric fields. Röntgen had discovered x-rays—and begun the transition from classical to modern physics. That discovery was the beginning
Polygraphic Studies and Sleep Disorders
Authors: Quentin R. Regestein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kales et al (241:2413, 1979) imply inThe Journaland state elsewhere<sup>1</sup>that sleep clinics overemphasize polygraphic sleep studies when diagnosing sleep disorders. However, they do not mention the actual percentage of sleep clinic patients whose sleep is thus studied. This percentage varies widely among clinics and is affected by the proportion of patients referred specifically for laboratory study of their sleep disorder, evenness in the amount of insurance coverage for such procedures available to different clinic populations, and differences of opinion concerning the diagnosis of sleep disorders.<sup>2</sup> Thus, we polygraphically study sleep in approximately 10% of cases in our clinic, whereas in some clinics, perhaps like that of Kales et al, a large majority of cases are studied polygraphically. Generalizations about the percentage of patients whose sleep is studied polygraphically, therefore, cannot be applied across sleep clinics.
Analysis of the gene sequences of the insulin receptor and the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4) in patients with common-type non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: J Kusari, U S Verma, J B Buse, R R Henry, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Insulin resistance is a common feature of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and "diabetes susceptibility genes" may be involved in this abnormality. Two potential candidate genes are the insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter (GLUT-4). To elucidate whether structural defects in the IR and/or GLUT-4 could be a primary cause of insulin resistance in NIDDM, we have sequenced the entire coding region of the GLUT-4 gene from DNA of six NIDDM patients. Since binding properties of the IRs from NIDDM subjects are normal, we also analyzed the sequence of exons 16-22 (encoding the entire cytoplasmic domain of the IR) of the IR gene from the same six patients. When compared with the normal IR sequence, no difference was found in the predicted amino acid sequence of the IR cytoplasmic domain derived from the NIDDM patients. Sequence analysis of the GLUT-4 gene revealed that one patient was heterozygous for a mutation in which isoleucine (ATC) was substituted for valine (GTC) at position 383. Consequently, the GLUT-4 sequence at position 383 was determined in 24 additional NIDDM patients and 30 nondiabetic controls and all showed only the normal sequence. From these studies, we conclude that the insulin resistance seen in the great majority of subjects with the common form of NIDDM is not due to genetic variation in the coding sequence of the IR beta subunit, nor to any single mutation in the GLUT-4 gene. Possibly, a subpopulation of NIDDM patients exists displaying variation in the GLUT-4 gene.
Estrogen and its receptors in cancer
Authors: George G Chen, Qiang Zeng, Gary MK Tse
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract The involvement of estrogen and its receptors in the development of cancer has been known for years. However, the exact mechanism responsible is far from clear. The estrogen‐mediated carcinogenic process is complicated by recent findings, which reveal that estrogens have multiple functions in cells, which can be either adverse or beneficial, and that the effects of estrogen may be cell‐type or organ dependent. The estrogenic effect may be also greatly influenced by the state of two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ. This review will discuss the role and function of estrogens and its receptors in cancers of three categories: (1) Breast cancer and gynecologic cancers, (2) Cancers of endocrine organs, (3) Lung cancer and cancers of digestive system. We will also review some novel treatments aiming to interfere with relevant pathways mediated by estrogens and its receptors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 6, 954–974, 2008
Progress on the control of hepatitis B infection through immunisation.
Authors: M A Kane
Journal: Gut (1993)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae, one of the major diseases of mankind, is now a disease preventable by vaccine. During the last few years, the price of these vaccines has fallen to the point where widespread use in infant immunisation programmes is feasible. This paper reports the great progress that has been made in the control of HBV infection and describes the targets that must be met if HBV control on a global basis is to be achieved.
Colon cancer cells
Authors: M Hill
Journal: Gut (1990)

<h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> Patients who experience awareness under surgery may suffer from the post-traumatic stress disorder with its long-lasting psychological damage. Furthermore, there are also media attention and legal consequences. In spite of understanding its causes, it is still occurring worldwide and there are no reports of awareness in the Saudi medical literature. This prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence of awareness when its causes are eliminated and to record patient satisfaction. <h3>METHODS:</h3> Surgical patients &gt;4 years old (ASA I-III) admitted to the Armed Forces Hospital, Wadi Al-Dawasir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, between October 1998 and November 2002 were included in the study. Patients were given a premedicant with an amnesic effect. Anesthetic equipment with a built-in end-tidal anesthetic gas monitor was checked preoperatively. Minimal anesthetic concentrations of vapors were delivered and monitored. Intraoperative analgesia was provided whenever appropriate. Patients were closely observed for signs of intraoperative awareness under general anesthesia. All patients were interviewed within 24 hours postoperatively on the occurrence of awareness and service satisfaction. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> There were 4368 patients admitted to the study. Their ages ranged from 14-104 years (mean 40.2 years). All patients were interviewed in the postoperative period. There was no report of awareness during surgery and patient satisfaction score was 100%. <h3>CONCLUSION:</h3> Preoperative and intraoperative anesthetic attention to patients presented for surgery, together with the use of modern anesthetic delivery units possessing facilities for monitoring anesthetic gases, and the provision of good analgesia are the most important combination in eliminating awareness during surgery.
Abstract 2878: Anticancer effects of c-Met inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ching Tzao, Chun-Ya Wang, Meng-Ching Lee, Ban-Hen Chen, Guang-Huan Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that has been shown to be a potential target of therapy in a variety of human cancers. We investigated if c-Met served as a potential therapeutic target in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Methods: Cytotoxicity (MTT) assay, cell migration assay and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry were conducted in KYSE 510 and 170 ESCC cell lines (kindly provided by Dr. Yutaka Shimada) in response to various concentrations of c-met inhibitors, SU11274 and PHA665752. Apoptosis of ESCC cell lines was detected by TUNEL assay. Cell cycle regulatory proteins, cyclin A and B1, tumor suppressors including Rb, p53 p21 and p27, and intrinsic apoptotic factors were determined by Western blot analysis. Mice inoculated with KYSE 170 ESCC cell line were used to test therapeutic response of c-met inhibitors in vivo. Results: SU11274 and PHA665752 significantly suppressed viability and migration of KYSE 170 and 510 ESCC cells with decreased expression of phosphorylated c-Met (p-c-Met). Expression of p21, p27, p53 and Rb was upregulated in ESCC cell lines treated with c-Met inhibitors while inducing G1/G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Tumor growth in vivo was significantly suppressed in response to treatment with c-Met inhibitors with decreased expression of p-c-Met within the mice tumors. Conclusion: c-Met inhibitors exerted significant anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo for ESCC cell lines, suggesting that c-Met may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ESCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2878. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2878
A Quantitative Immunochemical Fecal Occult Blood Test for Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Zohar Levi, Paul Rozen, Rachel Hazazi, Alex Vilkin, Amal Waked, Eran Maoz, Shlomo Birkenfeld, Moshe Leshno, Yaron Niv
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) for colorectal cancer screening are not specific for human hemoglobin and have low sensitivity. Automated-development, immunochemical FOBT is quality-controlled, is specific for human hemoglobin, and does not require diet restriction. Objectives: To measure the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative immunochemical fecal hemoglobin measurements for detection of cancer and advanced adenoma in patients undergoing colonoscopy, to determine fecal hemoglobin thresholds that give the highest posttest probability for neoplasia, and to determine the number of immunochemical FOBTs needed. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Setting: Ambulatory endoscopy services of the main health medical organization in Tel Aviv, Israel. Participants: 1000 consecutive ambulatory patients—some asymptomatic but at increased risk for colorectal neoplasia and some symptomatic—who were undergoing elective colonoscopy and volunteered to prepare immunochemical FOBTs. Intervention: The hemoglobin content of 3 bowel movements was measured, and the highest value was compared with colonoscopy findings. Measurements: Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and 95% CIs of fecal hemoglobin measurements for clinically significant neoplasia, their relationship to the amount of fecal hemoglobin measured, and the number of immunochemical FOBTs performed. Results: Colonoscopy identified clinically significant neoplasia in 91 patients (cancer in 17 patients and advanced adenomas in 74 patients). Using 3 immunochemical FOBTs and a hemoglobin threshold of 75 ng/mL of buffer, sensitivity and specificity were 94.1% (95% CI, 82.9% to 100.0%) and 87.5% (CI, 85.4% to 89.6%), respectively, for cancer and 67% (CI, 57.4% to 76.7%) and 91.4% (CI, 89.6% to 93.2%), respectively, for any clinically significant neoplasia. Limitations: The fecal sampling method is standardized, but the sample size depends on fecal consistency. Some patients were tested while discontinuing aspirin and anticoagulant therapies. Study patients were at increased risk, and results might not apply to average-risk populations. Conclusions: Quantitative immunochemical FOBT has good sensitivity and specificity for detection of clinically significant neoplasia. Test performance in screening average-risk populations is not known.
Arthritis and Allied Conditions: A Textbook of Rheumatology
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Hollander and associates have brought up to date the sixth edition of this book published initially in 1940. In the intervening years this volume has been without a competitor in the conservative discussion of the diseases that manifest themselves clinically as arthritis or rheumatism. The first edition paid little heed to the group of diseases currently identified as collagen diseases or connective tissue disorders. Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis were lacking. The steroids had not been discovered. It is natural that rheumatoid arthritis, the articular disorder with the highest incidence of critical morbidity as well as incapacity, should be given a pre-eminent position in the volume. The "Etiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis" by Robinson discusses the possibility of hypersensitivity, the hereditary aspects, the psychosomatic factor, and the initial lesions. The possibility that rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune malady is mentioned. The listing of rheumatoid ( ankylosing ) spondylitis as a
Treatment of salicylate poisoning with repeated oral charcoal.
Authors: R J Hillman, L F Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1985)

4 Observations d'intoxication par doses elevees d'aspirine (plus alcool et d'autres produits). Les concentrations plasmatiques de salicylate atteignent leur maximum (425 a 655 mg/l) 2 a 8 h apres l'ingestion. Le traitement par doses repetees de charbon active administre per os amene une reduction rapide des taux de salicylate
CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION.
Authors: J. W. ROBINSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

An editorial inThe Journal, Oct. 27, 1906, on Cheyne-Stokes respiration suggested to me the idea of reporting the following case of pneumonia: <h3>Patient.</h3> —B. P., aged 4, had always been a healthy boy, but not very robust. He had had an occasional "cold" and measles. <h3>History.</h3> —On the night of October 25, he had a severe chill lasting one-half hour. He was restless all night, complained of slight pain in the right side; fever developed. In the morning the temperature was 102 F. A cathartic was given. He did not seem to be very ill until October 28, when I was called. The symptoms at that time were rather marked restlessness, rapid breathing, but no pain. The temperature had varied from 100 to 104 F. <h3>Examination.</h3> —Examination showed a fairly well-developed boy. His face was flushed, breathing rapid but not labored, and he seemed rather dull mentally. The eyes
Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Moritz Wildgruber, Filip K. Swirski, Alma Zernecke
Journal: Theranostics (2013)

Acute rupture of vulnerable plaques frequently leads to myocardial infarction and stroke.Within the last decades, several cellular and molecular players have been identified that promote atherosclerotic lesion formation, maturation and plaque rupture.It is now widely recognized that inflammation of the vessel wall and distinct leukocyte subsets are involved throughout all phases of atherosclerotic lesion development.The mechanisms that render a stable plaque unstable and prone to rupture, however, remain unknown and the identification of the vulnerable plaque remains a major challenge in cardiovascular medicine.Imaging technologies used in the clinic offer minimal information about the underlying biology and potential risk for rupture.New imaging technologies are therefore being developed, and in the preclinical setting have enabled new and dynamic insights into the vessel wall for a better understanding of this complex disease.Molecular imaging has the potential to track biological processes, such as the activity of cellular and molecular biomarkers in vivo and over time.Similarly, novel imaging technologies specifically detect effects of therapies that aim to stabilize vulnerable plaques and silence vascular inflammation.Here we will review the potential of established and new molecular imaging technologies in the setting of atherosclerosis, and discuss the cumbersome steps required for translating molecular imaging approaches into the clinic.
COMPARED EFFECTS OF SILDENAFIL AND G-CSF ON TISSUE PERFUSION AFTER LIMB ISCHAEMIA IN APOE KNOCKED-OUT MICE
Authors: Aggeliki Valatsou, Dimitris Tousoulis, Alexandros Briasoulis, Georgia Vogiatzi, Charalambos Antoniades, Nikolaos Memos, Agapi Kataki, Alkistis Pantopoulou, Despina Perrea, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Chronic Consciousness Disorders
Authors: James L. Bernat
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2009)

Although philosophers and cognitive neuroscientists have struggled to define human consciousness, physicians can identify and assess its two clinical dimensions: wakefulness and awareness. A comatose patient has neither wakefulness nor awareness; a patient in a vegetative state has wakefulness without awareness; and a minimally conscious patient has both, but awareness is impaired. Syndromes of unconsciousness have established diagnostic criteria, but they encompass a spectrum of severity of brain damage and have indistinct boundaries. Functional neuroimaging using PET and fMRI have provided a new and complementary way to assess consciousness. Several recent provocative studies suggest that fMRI in unresponsive patients may detect evidence of conscious awareness when a careful neurological examination cannot. If these findings are verified by future studies, functional neuroimaging technologies will alter clinical practices concerning the diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of unconscious patients, and will lead to a greater understanding of the biology of human consciousness.
Research
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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