tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue induces direct lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
Authors: Sophie Clément, Cristiana Juge-Aubry, Antonino Sgroi, Stéphanie Conzelmann, Valerio Pazienza, Brigitte Pittet-Cuenod, Christoph A. Meier, Francesco Negro
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract For many years, adipose tissue has been mainly considered as an inert reservoir for storing triglycerides. Since the discovery that adipocytes may secrete a variety of bioactive molecules (hormones, chemokines, and cytokines), an endocrine and paracrine role for white adipose tissue (WAT) in the regulation of energy balance and other physiological processes has been established, particularly with regard to brain and muscle. In contrast, little is known about the interactions of WAT with liver. Hence, we examined the effect of the secretory products of WAT on hepatocytes. Conditioned medium of human WAT explants induced significant steatosis in hepatocyte cell lines. Factor(s) responsible for the conditioned medium-induced steatosis were screened by a battery of blocking antibodies against different cytokines/chemokines shown to be secreted by WAT. In contrast to interleukin-8 and interleukin-6, the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 was capable of inducing steatosis in hepatocytes in a time-dependent manner at concentrations similar to those found in conditioned medium. Incubation of conditioned medium with antimonocyte chemoattractant protein-1 antibodies prevented triglyceride accumulation. Investigation of the mechanism leading to the triglyceride accumulation showed that both a diminution of apolipoprotein B secretion and an increase in phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase messenger RNA may be involved. Conclusion: The monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secreted by adipose tissue may induce steatosis not only recruiting macrophages but also acting directly on hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2008.)
Obama drops funding from bill, alarming family planning groups
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Planned Parenthood Federation of America and other organisations have registered their disappointment as Barack Obama and fellow Democrats removed funding for family planning services from a proposed $819bn (£560bn; €640bn) legislative package to stimulate the US economy.

President Obama asked that the family planning provision be dropped after pressure from the Republicans ( Time , 29 Jan, www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1874683,00.html, “Behind the family-planning flap”). John Boehner, an Ohio Republican who is minority leader in the House of Representatives, complained that spending money on family planning services would not stimulate the economy and would “fund the abortion industry.”

The legislation was passed in the House of Representatives without a single Republican voting in favour. A …
Fetal Surgery for Congenital Hydronephrosis
Authors: Michael R. Harrison, Mitchell S. Golbus, Roy A. Filly, Peter W. Callen, Michael Katz, Alfred A. de Lorimier, Mark Rosen, Albert R. Jonsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

ALTHOUGH many fetal anatomic abnormalities can now be diagnosed by sonography, only a few will affect prenatal management.1 In the fetus with severe bilateral hydronephrosis secondary to urethral obstruction, the urinary tract should be decompressed as soon as possible in order to reduce the ongoing damage to the developing kidneys and lungs.2 However, fetal surgery in primates (including human beings) has proved difficult because the gravid uterus is exquisitely sensitive and thus liable to preterm labor and abortion. The recent development of successful anesthetic, surgical, and tocolytic techniques for fetal surgery in nonhuman primates3 allowed us to perform bilateral ureterostomies . . .
Functional properties of the stratum corneum in patients with diabetes mellitus: similarities to senile xerosis
Authors: S. Sakai, K. Kikuchi, J. Satoh, H. Tagami, S. Inoue
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Although diabetes mellitus is known to induce many pathophysiological changes in the skin, none of the earlier studies has focused on the state of the stratum corneum (SC) in patients with diabetes. In our previous report on a diabetic mouse model, we described a decreased SC hydration state and abnormalities in the function of the sebaceous gland together with a normally retained barrier function of the SC.To examine the functional changes of the SC in patients with diabetes.The following values were measured in 49 patients with diabetes: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); skin surface lipid level on the forehead; and high-frequency conductance (HFC) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of the SC of the volar forearm and extensor surface of the lower leg. These functions of the SC were compared in two pairs of patient groups, i.e. between groups with high and low FPG, and between groups with high and low HbA1c.The HFC levels on the extensor leg and volar forearm were significantly lower in the group with high FPG (FPG > 110 mg dL(-1)) than in the group with low FPG (FPG < 110 mg dL(-1)), although TEWL values were almost the same in these two groups. The skin surface lipids on the forehead were significantly lower in the former than in the latter. The HFC did not differ significantly between the group with high HbA1c (HbA1c > 5.8%) and the group with low HbA1c (HbA1c < 5.8%), whereas the TEWL of the volar forearm was slightly lower in the former than in the latter.These new results as well as our earlier results with diabetic mice suggest that patients with diabetes mellitus tend to show a reduced hydration state of the SC together with decreased sebaceous gland activity, without any impairment of the SC barrier function.
The dynamics of T-lymphocyte responses during combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Eleanor Barnes, Gillian Harcourt, Dave Brown, Michaela Lucas, Rodney Phillips, Geoffrey Dusheiko, Paul Klenerman
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) readily sets up a persistent infection and is a major cause of liver disease worldwide. Interferon alfa and ribavirin therapy lead to sustained clearance of virus in 31% to 64% of patients with type 1 and non-type 1 genotypes, respectively. It is not clear to what extent these drugs act directly to reduce HCV replication, or indirectly via host immune responses, and what evoked immune responses are associated with clinical outcome. We have examined prospectively 15 patients with chronic HCV infection before, during, and after combination therapy. Quantitative assays for HCV antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses, and flow cytometric assays for analysis of the phenotype of T cells, in addition to viral sequencing of core protein, were performed throughout the treatment and follow-up period over 18 months. We found enhancement of proliferative T-cell responses during therapy. Proliferative responses are strikingly heterogeneous in terms of specificity, kinetics, and magnitude. Proliferative responses are often not associated with interferon-γ release. T-cell responses are rarely sustained irrespective of treatment outcome and this is not due to the evolution of new immune escape variants. T-cell responses tend to peak late in the course of treatment. In conclusion, combination therapy for HCV has a transient effect on host virus-specific T cells in the blood. Induction of sustained T-cell responses may require additional immune modulation laterin therapy.
THE ASSOCIATION OF PNEUMOCOCCI, HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE, AND STREPTOCOCCUS HEMOLYTICUS WITH CORYZA, PHARYNGITIS, AND SINUSITIS IN MAN
Authors: L. T. Webster, A. D. Clow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

Pneumococci, H. influenzae, and S. hemolyticus are known to be frequent inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract, but most workers have not recognized any definite relationships between their presence and coryza, sore throat, influenzal, and sinusitis attacks (2-5). Dochez, Shibley, and Mills, however, in their experimental studies of common cold, state that in both the spontaneous and experimentally induced "colds" in anthropoid apes, the "most significant change observed has been the increase of activity on the part of the potential pathogens habitually present in the throat flora. Coincident with the appearance of symptoms, pneumococci, S. hemolyticus, and B. pfeifferi have developed in greatly increased numbers and have spread over a wide area of the nasopharyngeal mucous membranes. These organisms became at this time conspicuous even in the nose, where they are seldom or never present under normal conditions. The same phenomena have not been observed in human beings" (6, 7). The essential facts of the present observations are that persons free of pneumococci, H. influenzae, and S. hemolyticus are in general free of coryza, sore throat, influenzal and sinus attacks; that persons who are occasional or periodic carriers of these organisms may be negative on tests over long healthy periods, but generally become positive during or following attacks and subsequently become negative again; finally, that persons who are chronic carriers show during these illnesses increasing numbers of organisms in the throat and extension of the organisms to the nose. That these organisms may be the actual incitants has been claimed by Park (8); that they are secondary invaders is the view of Shibley, Mills, and Dochez who state as a result of their experimental work on this subject that "the most important significance of viruses of this type [common cold] seems to lie in their capacity to incite activity on the part of the more dangerous pathogenic organisms that infect the upper respiratory tract" (7). The present observations bring out the intimate relationship between these pathogens and upper respiratory tract symptoms, but do not disclose the nature of this relationship. Finally, an addition has been made to the knowledge of the mode of spread of these organisms. A focus of growth and dissemination has been determined in the nasal passages and throat of individuals with chronic upper respiratory tract disease and increases in numbers of the organisms at the focus and their spread to contacts have been related to the winter season and to the occurrence of symptoms in the carrier. The observations suggest that the dosage of these organisms in a community is controlled by the resistance of the carrier and of the contacts. This view is in agreement with the facts derived from studies of native animal infections (9).
Effect of arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids on acute lung injury induced by hypochlorous acid
Authors: H Wahn
Journal: Thorax (2002)

<b>Background:</b> Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the main oxidant of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) and generated by myeloperoxidase during respiratory burst. This study investigates the effects of HOCl on pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and vascular permeability and characterises the influence of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the observed effects. <b>Methods:</b> HOCl (500, 1000, 2000 nmol/min) was continuously infused into the perfusate (Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution, KHB). AA or EPA in subthreshold doses (both 2 nmol/min) or buffer were simultaneously infused using a separate port. PAP, pulmonary venous pressure (PVP), ventilation pressure, and lung weight gain were continuously recorded. The capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c) was calculated before and 30, 60, and 90 minutes after starting the HOCl infusion. <b>Results:</b> HOCl application resulted in a dose dependent increase in PAP and Kf,c. The onset of these changes was inversely related to the HOCl dose used. The combined infusion of AA with HOCl resulted in a significant additional rise in pressure and oedema formation which forced premature termination of all experiments. The combination of EPA with HOCl did not result in an enhancement of the HOCl induced rise in pressure and oedema formation. <b>Conclusions:</b> Changes in the pulmonary microvasculature caused by HOCl are differently influenced by ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated free fatty acids, suggesting a link between neutrophil derived oxidative stress and pulmonary eicosanoid metabolism.
Quantity of Rhinovirus in Nasal Lavage Does Not Predict Illness Severity
Authors: J.D. Bufford, K.A. Roberg, T.E. Pappas, R.F. Vrtis, M.D. Evans, R.E. Gangnon, R.F. Lemanske, J. Gern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The Quality of Laboratory Staff and the Accuracy of Results-Reply
Authors: Mary E. Lunz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —The study was designed for the purpose of ascertaining the relationship of a single variable, the qualifications of medical technologists, and the quality of laboratory results. From Dr Peddecord's comments it seems that he is accustomed to using parametric statistical techniques such as multiple regression. Multiple regression makes assumptions about the sample distributions. If these assumptions are violated, then the results must be suspect. In this study, to avoid any distribution peculiarities in the sample(s), nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the data. A Spearmanrscorrelation of.34 (P
167 DONOR/RECIPIENT SEVEN GENE SIGNATURE (CIRRHOSIS RISK SCORE) AND DONOR AGE AS PREDICTORS OF LIVER FIBROSIS PROGRESSION DUE TO HEPATITIS C RECURRENCE AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: I. Lenisa, J. Layden, S. Cmet, M. Marcolongo, D. Dissegna, A. Cussigh, D. Bitetto, E. Falleti, C. Fabris, A. Alberti, P. Toniutto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Drug-induced pseudolymphomatous skin reactions
Authors: S.H. KARDAUN, E. SCHEFFER, B.J. VERMEER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We present two patients with generalized and three with localized skin eruptions due to various non‐anticonvulsant drugs, with a histological picture of a pseudolymphoma of the skin. Cessation of the causative drugs resulted in disappearance of the lesions in all cases.
Multiple Sclerosis Report Released by IOM
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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Cytokines and atherosclerosis: a comprehensive review of studies in mice
Authors: R. Kleemann, S. Zadelaar, T. Kooistra
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

In the past few years, inflammation has emerged as a major driving force of atherosclerotic lesion development. It is now well-established that from early lesion to vulnerable plaque formation, numerous cellular and molecular inflammatory components participate in the disease process. The most prominent cells that invade in evolving lesions are monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes. Both cell types produce a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators (cytokines, chemokines) which are critically important in the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. This review summarizes the currently available information from mouse studies on the contribution of a specified group of cytokines expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, viz. interleukins (IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IL-20) and macrophage-associated cytokines [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF); interferon-γ (IFN-γ); colony stimulating factors G-CSF,-M-CSF,-GM-CSF) to atherogenesis. Emphasis is put on the consistency of the effects of these cytokines, i.e. inasmuch an effect depends on the experimental approach applied (overexpression/deletion, strain, gender, dietary conditions, and disease stage). An important outcome of this survey is (i) that only for a few cytokines there is sufficient consistent data allowing classifying them as typically proatherogenic (IL-1, IL-12, IL-18, MIF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and M-CSF) or antiatherogenic (IL-10) and (ii) that some cytokines (IL-4, IL-6 and GM-CSF) can exert pro- or anti-atherogenic effects depending on the experimental conditions. This knowledge can be used for improved early detection, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Unexpected pancytopenia following treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Andrew Innes, Philippa C. May, Jiří Pavlů, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

A 55-year-old woman presented with lethargy and spontaneous bruising. A full blood count showed: white cell count (WBC) 1.6×109/l, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) 7.8 g/dl, platelet count 35×109/l and neutrophil count 0.1×109/l. There were blast cells in the peripheral blood. A diagnosis of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was made, the immunophenotype being that of common ALL. Cytogenetic analysis was normal. The patient entered complete remission with induction chemotherapy according to the UKALL XII protocol. She received consolidation chemotherapy and cranial irradiation followed by maintenance chemotherapy (mercaptopurine 50 mg daily, methotrexate 15 mg weekly and vincristine 2 mg 3-monthly) plus intrathecal cytarabine 3-monthly. Twenty six months after presentation while still on maintenance therapy the patient became pancytopenic; WBC 0.9×109/l, Hb 8 g/dl, platelet count 20×109/l and neutrophil count 0.6×109/l. A bone marrow aspirate showed markedly megaloblastic erythropoiesis with giant metamyelocytes and giant band forms. However there were also 8% blast cells (Image, arrows), which immunophenotypically typed as myeloid. Cytogenetic analysis showed 46,XX,t(6;9)(p23;q34)[19]/46,XX[1]. A diagnosis of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) was made and the weekly methotrexate was stopped. Over the next two and a half months there was progression to 88% bone marrow blasts, accompanied by cytogenetic evolution to 46,XX,t(6;9)(p23;q34)[2]/48,idem,+13,+15[9]. At this stage there was normoblastic erythropoiesis with no giant metamyelocytes. The patient proved to be refractory to chemotherapy. Our initial suspicion on discovering markedly megaloblastic erythropoiesis was that the pancytopenia was the result of methotrexate toxicity. However the presence of increased blast cells indicated other possibilities, either t-MDS or early relapse of ALL. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(6;9)(p23;q34) resulting in the DEK-NUP214 fusion gene is a recognised form of t-AML. Megaloblastosis can be a feature of AML but in this patient, since erythropoiesis became normoblastic on methotrexate withdrawal, it was indeed a drug-induced megaloblastosis. The pancytopenia, however, was the result of an emerging t-AML, probably resulting from etoposide or daunorubicin of which she had received total doses of 340 mg/m2 and 2.7 g respectively. Alkylating agents have also been followed by t-AML with t(6;9) but cyclophosphamide is not a potent leukemogen.
Proliferative activity of myocardial capillary wall cells in dipyridamole-treated rats
Authors: G. TORNLING, G. UNGE, L. SKOOG, A. LJUNGQVIST, S. CARLSSON, J. ADOLFSSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

The hearts of rats treated with dipyridamole were studied by light microscope autoradiography and measurement of tissue radioactivity after intravenous injection of 3H-thymidine. Total tissue radioactivity was significantly increased in the hearts of the dipyridamole-treated animals. Only capillary wall cells were labelled in the autoradiograms. The observations indicate a proliferation of capillary wall cells, suggesting a neoformation of myocardial capillaries during dipyridamole treatment.
Extrinsic Compression of an Iliac Vein Mimicking Inferior Vena Cava Obstruction
Authors: W WILLIAMS, T BOCCHINI, G McNEILL, D PATTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A case of anterior extrinsic compression of the left external iliac vein is presented. The impaired flow produces a pattern in a left lower extremity radionuclide venogram initially thought to be consistent with inferior vena cava obstruction.
Efficient transduction of skeletal muscle using vectors based on adeno-associated virus serotype 6
Authors: Michael J. Blankinship, Paul Gregorevic, James M. Allen, Scott Q. Harper, Hollie Harper, Christine L. Halbert, Dusty A. Miller, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Vectors based on recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) have emerged as tools of choice for gene transfer to skeletal muscle. rAAV vectors demonstrate efficient, safe, and stable transduction. Multiple serotypes of AAV exist, but vectors based on serotype 2 (rAAV2) are the most thoroughly characterized and frequently employed. Here, we characterize transduction of the skeletal musculature using rAAV vectors pseudotyped with serotype 6 capsid proteins (rAAV6). We demonstrate that rAAV6 vectors can efficiently transduce the skeletal musculature of mice at levels >500-fold higher than is achievable with rAAV2 vectors and can readily saturate individual muscles following direct injection. Further, rAAV6 vectors are capable of transducing the diaphragm and intercostal muscles of mice after a simple injection into the intrathoracic cavity and are capable of widespread transduction throughout the musculature of mice injected in the intraperitoneal space as newborn pups. These results demonstrate that rAAV6 vectors hold great potential for use in gene delivery protocols targeting the skeletal musculature.
Lateral ventricle-brain ratio and balance between CSF HVA and 5-HIAA in schizophrenia
Authors: R R Lewine, S C Risch, E Risby, M Stipetic, R D Jewart, M Eccard, J Caudle, W Pollard
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Lateral ventricle enlargement in schizophrenia has been positively correlated with poor premorbid competence, negative symptoms, and poor treatment response and negatively correlated with concentrations of homovanillic acid (HVA), a dopaminergic metabolite. The authors provide further evidence of a reciprocal relationship between lateral ventricle size and dopaminergic activity in schizophrenia.They assessed the relationship between lateral ventricle enlargement (ventricle-brain ratio, VBR) and CSF neurotransmitter metabolite concentrations (HVA and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]) in 45 patients with schizophrenia, 28 with affective disorders (19 patients with major depression and nine with bipolar disorder), and 91 normal comparison subjects.No group mean differences were significant. Although individual correlations of VBR with HVA and 5-HIAA were not statistically significant, the ratio of HVA to 5-HIAA was significantly correlated with VBR in the patients with schizophrenia, a finding consistent with dopaminergic-serotonergic balance hypotheses.These data suggest that it is the balance between HVA and 5-HIAA rather than their absolute levels which is associated with brain morphology and that this relationship between brain chemistry and morphology may be characteristic of the normal range of functioning for these systems. In other words, independent of whether brain morphology and chemistry differentiate psychopathological from nonpsychopathological states, there may be an orderly relationship between lateral ventricle size and the balance between HVA and 5-HIAA balance that is especially prominent in schizophrenia.