tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Normal Human Pregnancy
Authors: Andres Mesa, Carlos Jessurun, Antonieta Hernandez, Karolina Adam, Dale Brown, William K. Vaughn, Susan Wilansky
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Little information is available about changes in left ventricular diastolic function during pregnancy. We used mitral inflow and pulmonary venous flow profiles to evaluate left ventricular diastolic function in 37 healthy pregnant women 26 to 41 years old (mean, 32 years).Echocardiographic studies were performed at the end of each trimester. Eight subjects (control group) underwent similar testing 1 to 3.5 months (mean, 1.7 months) postpartum. During pregnancy, the cardiac output increased significantly as a result of an increased heart rate and, to a lesser degree, stroke volume. Significantly decreased systemic vascular resistance and increased left ventricular mass were also noted. Peak mitral flow velocity in early diastole (E) increased 13. 3% during the first trimester and remained at the high end of normal throughout pregnancy. Peak A-wave velocity (A) increased maximally in the third trimester. Compared with control subjects, first-trimester subjects had a significantly increased E/A ratio. The ratio subsequently decreased, reflecting the augmented A-wave velocity. Pulmonary venous peak systolic forward flow velocity increased, peaking in the second trimester (nonsignificant), but returned to baseline levels postpartum. The pulmonary venous diastolic time-velocity integral decreased significantly from the first to the third trimester. Peak pulmonary venous reverse flow velocity at atrial contraction increased significantly, without being markedly changed in duration.Pregnancy, a chronic, natural volume-overload state, has important effects on hemodynamic and echocardiographic variables. Based on pulmonary venous flow and left ventricular inflow velocities, our results provide a standard reference concerning diastolic filling dynamics by trimester.
Fast-track surgical referral in a population displaced by war and conflict
Authors: J M Ryan, M. Fleggson, J. Beavis, C. Macnab
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

After the 1988–1994 conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, fought over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh, large numbers of people were resettled in camps in southern Azerbaijan. Healthcare in the camps was generally good but there was no access to hospitals. The Leonard Cheshire Centre of Conflict Recovery (LCC) organized a 'fast-track' system of surgical care in the southern camps by securing the help of still-functioning hospitals in the distant capital, Baku. Regular clinics were held in the camps for visiting specialists; and, by arrangement with the Government of Azerbaijan and various non-governmental organizations, treatment was offered to those who fell within strict selection criteria. After a pilot study yielded clear benefits, the scheme was transferred to a local nongovernmental organization, which successfully operated an expanded version. The hidden cost of war often includes the neglect of chronic medical conditions that require secondary and tertiary care. The 'fast-track' system illustrates the potential of existing facilities to meet these needs at modest cost, given sufficient support.
SUBSTITUTION AND ITS ATTENDANT EVILS.
Authors: John Aulde
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The evils attendant upon substitution and sophistication of remedial agents have long been surmised; they have not, however, until recently, received attention at the hands of the medical profession. Increased diagnostic skill, along with greatly improved facilities for the manufacture of medicaments, favor an anproach toward mathematical exactness in computing therapeutic results. When these are wanting we challenge the character of the remedy. The question which presents itself is: Has our patient received the true medicament or a base counterfeit? However attractive in theory, it will be found impractical for the medical profession to drift away from the pharmacists, and it should be our aim to reward the faithful and bring the guilty to punishment. The friendly bond between the two professions should be honesty, as neither can afford to work independently; there is an interdependence which makes them mutually helpful. It is said of Lawson Tait, that he has
Role of surface proteins in staphylococcal adherence to fibers in vitro.
Authors: A L Cheung, V A Fischetti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To study the role of surface proteins in the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to fibers that are used in tampon and surgical gauze pad manufacture, we have developed an adherence assay with S. aureus cells and cotton and rayon fibers. Results suggest that staphylococcal adherence is dependent on both the substrate and the material used to coat these fibers. Scanning electron micrographs supported the adherence results and revealed more cells on the surface of cotton than rayon fibers. Treatment of staphylococcal cells with proteolytic enzymes significantly reduced binding to pure cotton and detergent-treated cotton fibers. Immunoblot analysis of cell wall proteins suggested that surface proteins in the mol wt range of 120-220 kD were involved in the adherence of S. aureus to cotton fibers. Although the adherence of S. aureus to cotton fibers alone appeared to be mediated through surface charge or hydrophobic interactions, bacterial binding to fibers which have been pretreated with defibrinated blood appeared to be more specific and independent of the surface constituents of the fibers. The results of these studies implicate staphylococcal surface proteins in the adherence of S. aureus to commercially available tampon fibers and surgical gauze pads.
Cause of death of Sri Lankan migrant workers employed in the Middle East
Authors: D M P Samarakkody, Pushpa Jayawardana, Chrishantha Abeysena
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—With the introduction of the free trade policy, avenues have been opened for blue collar workers to obtain employment in the Middle East. The required funds to get to the destinations are often obtained through loans, workers mortgaging their few assets in anticipation of improving their living standards. From time to time, however, the harassment inflicted on these workers, often leading to disability and death, is reported in the print and the electronic media.1–5

A descriptive study was …
Prevalence of antibody indicating Lyme disease in farmers in Wigtownshire.
Authors: M. A. Baxter, A. D. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1989)

clinics or orthopaedic lists are dealt with in the other two weeks of the rota; during that time there is no commitment to new trauma.In this way there is no risk of night work leaving the surgeon jaded for routine work the following day.This is not a unique system, but this and other methods will have to be evolved to improve on safety of care.
A Post-Graduate Lecture on Cardio-Aortic Syphilis and Its Treatment
Authors: T. F. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1926)

SYPHILIS of the aortic orifice is, I thliink, considered to be, in milale adults, the most common cause of aortic insuffi- Cielery.The disease of the heart is so frequently associated withl syphilis of the aorta itself that, from a pathological standll)oint, it is not justifiable to consider the two con- ditionis separately.Whether the aortic valves are ever primar ily and exclusively attacked by sylphilis-true syphilitic endocarditis-is still an open question.The pathological changes in the aorta are those of svphilitic mesaortitis.Microseopically, the most impoxrtant changes founidtl in the media and adventitia are a perivascular i-lfiltrationif the vasa vasorum, with small-cell infiltration ia ar1 elas of tlhe media, and a splitting and destruction of elastic fibres an-d the muscle cells.The heart muscle slhows Jhypertrophy more ill the left ventricle than thte iight, and dilatation.The hvpertrophy is much liko that seeni in the patitent with hyper tension.Spiroohaetes are often found in the wallsof the aorta and heart muscle.The normal
Reperfusion syndrome: relationship of coronary blood flow reserve to left ventricular function and infarct size
Authors: Laurent J Feldman, Dominique Himbert, Jean-Michel Juliard, Gaëtan J Karrillon, Hakim Benamer, Pierre Aubry, Olivier Boudvillain, Patrick Seknadji, Marc Faraggi, Ph Gabriel Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Endoscopic needle-knife treatment of refractory ileo-ascending anastomotic stricture
Authors: M. Kerkhof, P. Dewint, A. Koch, C. van der Woude
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 45-year-old man with Crohn's disease diagnosed in 1988 who had undergone an ileocecal resection with an end-to-side anastomosis in 1995 presented with pain in the right lower abdomen. A colonoscopy was performed using an Olympus colonoscope (Tokyo, Japan), during which a noninflamed fibrotic stricture of the anastomosis that could not be passed by the endoscope was found ([Fig. 1]). Because the patient refused surgery, six balloon dilations of the stricture were performed at 3-monthly intervals. Unfortunately these resulted in limited improvement in both the degree of stenosis and the patient's symptoms.
Edg-1, the G protein–coupled receptor for sphingosine-1-phosphate, is essential for vascular maturation
Authors: Yujing Liu, Ryuichi Wada, Tadashi Yamashita, Yide Mi, Chu-Xia Deng, John P. Hobson, Hans M. Rosenfeldt, Victor E. Nava, Sung-Suk Chae, Menq-Jer Lee, Catherine H. Liu, Timothy Hla, Sarah Spiegel, Richard L. Proia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Sphingolipid signaling pathways have been implicated in many critical cellular events. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), a sphingolipid metabolite found in high concentrations in platelets and blood, stimulates members of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G protein-coupled receptors and triggers diverse effects, including cell growth, survival, migration, and morphogenesis. To determine the in vivo functions of the SPP/Edg signaling pathway, we disrupted the Edg1 gene in mice. Edg1(-/-) mice exhibited embryonic hemorrhage leading to intrauterine death between E12.5 and E14.5. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis appeared normal in the mutant embryos. However, vascular maturation was incomplete due to a deficiency of vascular smooth muscle cells/pericytes. We also show that Edg-1 mediates an SPP-induced migration response that is defective in mutant cells due to an inability to activate the small GTPase, Rac. Our data reveal Edg-1 to be the first G protein-coupled receptor required for blood vessel formation and show that sphingolipid signaling is essential during mammalian development.
US intends to publish drug company payments to doctors from October despite calls for delay
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Despite calls for postponement from scores of doctors’ groups, the Obama administration intends to stick to its 30 September deadline for making public a database detailing payments and gifts from the drug industry to US physicians, a spokesperson for the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) said on 15 September.

The American Medical Association and more than 100 other state medical societies and specialty groups have called on the CMS to delay the release of the information for six months, until 31 March, so that doctors could have more time to correct any inaccuracies in the database.

In a statement the association’s president, Robert Wah, said that the professional groups supported the effort …
HTLV-I Antibodies in Childhood Leukemia
Authors: Douglas L. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There have been reports of adults with leukemia and lymphoma with serum antibodies to human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV-I), the agent linked to adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma.<sup>1-3</sup>This disease has been identified in specific geographic regions: Japan, the Caribbean basin, and in the southeastern United States.<sup>2</sup>In these studies, patients with non-T-cell type did not have seropositive antibodies for HTLV-I, although normal persons did have some antibody titers in the endemic area.<sup>4</sup>All these studies were performed on adult patients. We explored the possibility that HTLV-I could be associated with acute leukemia in children. <h3>Materials and Methods.—</h3> Serum specimens were obtained from 92 children with acute leukemia at the time of initial diagnosis when evaluated at the Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology at Emory University, Atlanta. Patients were all younger than 21 years at the time of diagnosis. Ninety-two patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia, of which
Radiology of the Chest
Authors: Heber MacMahon
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This is a book of manageable size that provides a good review of most of the important subjects in chest radiology. It contains 583 figures, many of which consist of two or more roentgenograms, and the quality of illustration is generally adequate. The style of writing tends to be rather formal, with a preference for traditional terminology (eg, roentgenography, shadows). Unfortunately, the book has some notable shortcomings. For example, it provides no references for individual statements. A general bibliography is listed under various subject headings, but these publications are not referred to individually in the text. In some areas there has been a failure to update the text in relation to newer diagnostic techniques. For instance, although computerized tomography (CT) of the thorax has been around for some years now, it is mentioned only in a brief appendix. Such semiobsolete techniques as radiography after sedation (to show air fluid levels
Screening for pediatric lead poisoning. Comparability of simultaneously drawn capillary and venous blood samples
Authors: T. L. Schlenker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the ability of capillary blood lead levels to accurately reflect true blood lead levels in children at risk for lead poisoning.A correlation study in which lead levels of capillary blood specimens obtained by four different methods were compared with lead levels of simultaneously drawn venous blood specimens.A central-city pediatric primary care clinic and door-to-door home visits in one central-city neighborhood.Two hundred ninety-five children at high risk for lead poisoning aged 6 months to 6 years.Blood lead levels of simultaneously drawn capillary and venous blood specimens.Lead levels of all four capillary sampling methods were highly correlated (correlation coefficient > or = 0.96) with matched venous blood lead levels, with mean capillary-venous differences less than 0.05 mumol/L (1 microgram/dL).Capillary sampling is an acceptable alternative to venipuncture for lead-poisoning screening in young children.
Ulcerative Colitis and Parathyroid Dysfunction
Authors: I. J. Grek, B. Senior
Journal: BMJ (1961)

CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE BRmSH" even in cases of cardiac decompensation with hypertension in the portal area considerable quantities of fat may occasionally be found in the stools."A recent paper includes a comparison between the plasma levels of radioactivity obtained after an oral dose of 1-131 triolein in patients while in congestive cardiac failure with those obtained after recovery (Berkowitz et al., 1959).Few details were given, but low levels of plasma activity were said to revert to normal after recovery from cardiac failure.It is known that disturbed liver function is often found in patients with chronic cardiac failure.This is especially so in those with constrictive pericarditis and rheumatic valvular disease, in particular mitral stenosis with tricuspid incompetence (Koletsky and Barnebee, 1944; Sherlock, 1951 ; White et al., 1955).Analogy with infective hepatitis and cirrhosis suggests that the findings of Gross et al. (1950) in these diseases may be relevant.Fat-malabsorption, which they assumed to be due to lack of bile salts, correlated moderately well with the serum bilirubin concentration and roughly inversely with faecal sterobilinogen output.Other possible explanations for fat-malabsorption in cardiac failure are pancreatic and intestinal malfunction.Masoni and Pellegrini (1953) have demonstrated impaired pancreatic function in patients with severe chronic cardiac failure, and Meakins (1940) thought that such patients had an intestinal absorption defect for glucose; de Langen (1953) suggested that intestinal congestion or ischaemia in cardiac failure might explain fat-malabsorption.It is possible that one of these two explanations may apply in the cases described, but the point was not investigated further. SummaryFat-malabsorption has been demonstrated in 3 out of 17 patients with congestive cardiac failure and may have been present in two more.No correlation with cause or chronicity of cardiac failure, loss of weight, or digitalis therapy was observed.The possible significance of the raised serum bilirubin in three of the cases of fat-malabsorption is discussed.I am grateful to
Sudden Traumatic Death in Children: “We Did Everything But Your Child Didn't Survive”
Authors: Amy J. Markowitz, Stephen J. McPhee
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How has fundholding in Northern Ireland affected prescribing patterns? A longitudinal study
Authors: T. Rafferty, K. Wilson-Davis, H. McGavock
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To compare prescribing patterns in general practices before and after the introduction of fundholding in April 1993 to determine whether fundholding changed prescribing patterns among practices that joined the scheme. <b>Design:</b> Analysis of prescribing data from the Drug Utilisation Research Unit9s database for all practices in Northern Ireland during April 1989 to March 1996. <b>Setting:</b> Northern Ireland. <b>Subjects:</b> 23 first wave fundholders, 34 second wave fundholders, 9 third wave fundholders, and 268 non-fundholders. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Prescribing costs per 1000 patients, prescription items per 1000 patients, average cost per item, and rate of generic prescribing. <b>Results:</b> Prescribing costs and frequency increased in all groups throughout the study. Among the fundholders the rate of increase in costs after fundholding was significantly lower than among non-fundholders. The rate of increase in cost per item fell, coinciding with a significant increase in the rate of generic prescribing. However, with regard to first wave fundholders, their yearly increase in costs in their third year as fundholders (1995-6) was similar to that of the non-fundholders. The earlier practices that joined the scheme seemed to differ in some important respects from those that joined later. <b>Conclusions:</b> After fundholders joined the fundholding scheme their patterns of prescribing changed compared with those of non-fundholders: the rate of increase in costs fell and there was a significant rise in the rate of generic prescribing. <h3>Key messages</h3> The effects of fundholding on prescribing costs have been disputed Fundholders in Northern Ireland contained the rate of increase in prescribing costs more effectively than non-fundholders Fundholders increased their rate of generic prescribing by an average of 13% in the first year of fundholding The incentive to make further savings may have diminished after two years of fundholding
Recombinant factor IX-Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) demonstrates safety and prolonged activity in a phase 1/2a study in hemophilia B patients
Authors: Amy D. Shapiro, Margaret V. Ragni, Leonard A. Valentino, Nigel S. Key, Neil C. Josephson, Jerry S. Powell, Gregory Cheng, Arthur R. Thompson, Jaya Goyal, Karen L. Tubridy, Robert T. Peters, Jennifer A. Dumont, Donald Euwart, Lian Li, Bengt Hallén, Peter Gozzi, Alan J. Bitonti, Haiyan Jiang, Alvin Luk, Glenn F. Pierce
Journal: Blood (2011)
Doctors' group calls for new ways to fund health care
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

For the NHS to meet the expectations of patients in the future, it may need to be funded by a system of compulsory insurance or similar means, rather than through taxation, a new lobby group said last week.

Five hundred members of Doctors for Reform put their names to a full page advertisement in the Times last week (25 February, p 18), saying that the moment had come to look at new ways to supply and fund health care while keeping it equitably available.

“The NHS as we know it has had its day,” said one of the group's founders, Professor Karol Sikora, in an interview with the paper. “Everything else we need today we can get very easily: air travel, holidays, cars. …
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A rare complication of gestational diabetes
Authors: Maximo Maislos, Ilana Harman-Bohem, Simon Weitzman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To describe a case of severe DKA in an otherwise healthy pregnant woman. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We describe 2.5 yr of close follow-up of a Bedouin woman who was hospitalized for DKA while pregnant with her 11th child. Plasma glucose returned to normal levels immediately after delivery of a dead conceptus. Four months later, while normoglycemic, the patient became pregnant again. During the subsequent pregnancy, GDM was diagnosed at week 20 of gestation. Tight plasma glucose control was achieved with an insulin regimen, and the patient delivered a healthy girl at term. Plasma glucose again returned to normal and remained so to date, 18 mo postpartum. An OGTT and a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp were performed between pregnancies; another OGTT was performed at week 14 of the last pregnancy. Plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were measured in blood samples during these procedures. RESULTS We established beyond doubt that the patient developed GDM and returned to essentially normal glucose tolerance after her last (12th) delivery. During the 11th pregnancy, gestational diabetes was complicated by severe DKA. CONCLUSIONS GDM is a common abnormality of glucose metabolism during pregnancy, which affects fetal development and leads to peripartum complications. Our report stresses that under certain circumstances, gestational diabetes can be complicated by DKA and become life-threatening to the mother and fetus.
Ischemic Heart Disease and Accelerated Cardiovascular Aging
Authors: ARTHUR J. MOSS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Twenty-one men less than 54 years of age with a previous history of myocardial infarction were studied with the ultra-low frequency acceleration ballistocardiograph. The analysis of each ballistocardiogram is presented. Eighty-one per cent (17/21) of these cardiac patients had an abnormal ballistocardiogram indicative of accelerated cardiovascular aging. This figure of 81 per cent is significantly greater ( p &lt; .01) than the percentage of abnormal ballistocardiograms in an age-matched, overtly healthy male population. It appears that there is a definite association between ischemic heart disease and an abnormal ballistocardiogram indicative of accelerated cardiovascular aging.