tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Dissociative Disorders in Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Brad Foote
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of DSM-IV dissociative disorders in an inner-city outpatient psychiatric population. Method: Subjects were 231 consecutive admissions (84 men and 147 women, mean age=37 years) to an inner-city, hospital-based outpatient psychiatric clinic. The subjects completed self-report measures of dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale) and trauma history (Traumatic Experiences Questionnaire). Eighty-two patients (35%) completed a structured interview for dissociative disorders (Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule). Results: The 82 patients who were interviewed did not differ significantly on any demographic measure or on the self-report measures of trauma and dissociation from the 149 patients who were not interviewed. Twenty-four (29%) of the 82 interviewed patients received a diagnosis of a dissociative disorder. Dissociative identity disorder was diagnosed in five (6%) patients. Compared to the patients without a dissociative disorder diagnosis, patients with a dissociative disorder were significantly more likely to report childhood physical abuse (71% versus 27%) and childhood sexual abuse (74% versus 29%), but the two groups did not differ significantly on any demographic measure, including gender. Chart review revealed that only four (5%) patients in whom a dissociative disorder was identified during the study had previously received a dissociative disorder diagnosis. Conclusions: Dissociative disorders were highly prevalent in this clinical population and typically had not been previously diagnosed clinically. The high prevalence of dissociative disorders found in this study may be related to methodological factors (all patients were offered an interview rather than only those who had scored high on a screening self-report measure) and epidemiological factors (extremely high prevalence rates for childhood physical and sexual abuse were present in the overall study population).
Use of horizontal ultrathin gel electrophoresis to analyze allelic deletions in chromosome band 11p15.5 in gliomas
Authors: Irene F. Newsham, Karen M. Gorse, Sandra A. Rempel, John Luckey, James B. Golden, Oliver Bögler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2000)

The prognosis for most patients with astrocytic glioma is poor, and postoperative life expectancy has not significantly improved in the last decade despite advances in diagnosis, surgery, and adjuvant therapy. Progress has been made, however, in cataloging the genetic alterations that occur in these tumors. Studying the allelic changes using loss of heterozygosity analysis has proven to be a reliable and rapid way of identifying genetic alterations fundamental to the pathology of this disease. In this study, we used a series of fluorescent-labeled markers and a new horizontal ultrathin gel electrophoresis technology (HUGE; GeneSys Technologies, Inc.) to analyze loss of heterozygosity on 11p15 in a series of 24 matched normal/tumor glioma pairs that included both anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas. These studies significantly narrowed the region harboring a putative 11p15.5 glioma-associated gene and further suggest that a second gene involved in the pathogenesis of brain tumors may exist, centromeric, in bands 11p15.5-p15.4.
A "SOLUBLE SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE" DERIVED FROM GUM ARABIC
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Oswald T. Avery, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. By partial acid hydrolysis a specific carbohydrate may be isolated from gum arabic (gum acacia). This carbohydrate is comparable in its precipitating activity for Type II (and Type III) antipneumococcus serum with the bacterial soluble specific substances themselves. 2. On hydrolysis this fraction yields galactose and two or more complex sugar acids, one of which appears to be a disaccharide add comparable with those isolated from the specific polysaccharides of the Type III pneumococcus and the Type A Friedländer bacillus. 3. The significance of these findings is discussed.
The Difficult Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology
Authors: Cyril Abrahams
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The editor of<i>The Difficult Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology</i>has successfully gathered a group of surgical pathologists to contribute to this new book. The contributing pathologists are all well-recognized experts in their fields of specialization. There is a danger that such authors would rediscover the wheel and rewrite the entire field of surgical pathology. Instead, they have written chapters utilizing their personal experience and turning their attention to the diagnosis of the difficult case in surgical pathology, without undue repetition of what is already in the standard texts. Lesions that mimic other lesions, variants of lesions, unusual and uncommon conditions, and newly described entities are all discussed in great detail, with an extensive and up-to-date bibliography and with reference to all the recent advances in the use of immunohistochemistry in surgical pathology. In a book of this nature, not only is the text of importance, but the standard of
769 GENOTYPE DEPENDENT PATTERN OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2B/RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT FAILURE IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY OF 471 NAIVE PATIENTS
Authors: A. Aghemo, M.G. Rumi, S. Monico, G.M. Prati, G. Ronchi, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Epidemiologists Aim at New Target: Health Risk of Handgun Proliferation
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

"HOMICIDE is not a disease, but it is a public health condition whose primary cause is possession of guns—and it could be considered an epidemic because of the high incidence in certain populations," recently said Paul Stolley, MD, president of the American College of Epidemiology, announcing that group's first policy statement calling for research on the effects of handgun control. "Nonsense!" says Paul H. Blackman, PhD, research coordinator of the National Rifle Association (NRA). "Epidemics are things that are catching, and gun ownership and use aren't catching. Calling something an epidemic doesn't make it an epidemic. That's typical of gun control people's shoddy thinking." The battle between those who favor and those who abhor regulation of gun ownership and use was joined years ago, but it's been heating up lately as medical authorities have begun to examine the relationship of guns and injury from the viewpoint of public health rather
Drug Spotlight on Shock
Authors: George N. Aagaard
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The management of shock is under the Drug Spotlight this quarter. Drugs play only a secondary role in this emergency. However, properly used, drugs may sustain life while efforts are made to correct the cause of shock, be it hemorrhage, trauma, anaphylaxis, extensive burns, or a severe infection. One or more of the following questions may be the focal point on which you may gather data as you study the management of shock in your hospital. Were efforts made to detect and correct, if present, hypovolemia, acidosis, electrolyte disturbance, or hypoxia? Was central venous pressure monitored as a guide to intravenous fluid administration? How was blood pressure monitored? If levarterenol (Levophed) bitartrate was used to raise an inadequate blood pressure, was the dose limited to the minimum that would provide satisfactory tissue perfusion? If isoproterenol (Isuprel) hydrochloride was given, was it necessary to give another
Extramedullary Hematopoiesis on F-18 FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Metastatic Colon Carcinoma
Authors: Christopher Mosley, Heather A Jacene, Andrew Holz, David J Grand, Richard L Wahl
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 43-year-old Kuwaiti man with a history of β-thalassemia intermedia was diagnosed with lymph node-positive sigmoid adenocarcinoma and underwent left hemicolectomy. He had multiple paraspinal masses and a right middle lobe lung nodule on CT scan. F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging revealed intense metabolic activity within the pulmonary nodule and subsequent biopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. The PET/CT scan also revealed mild to moderate FDG activity in multiple paraspinal thoracic masses. MRI findings were most consistent with multiple sites of extramedullary hematopoiesis.
Fluorouracil and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Dov GORSHEIN
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Jacob J. Lokich, "The Management of Cerebral Metastasis" (234:748, 1975). Some points with respect to the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier are worth mentioning. Table 4 in the article assigns zero rating to fluorouracil. Fluorouracil has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier.<sup>1</sup>One hour following intravenous injection of fluorouracil, there is level equilibration between the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.<sup>2</sup>In fact, a higher concentration of the drug is noted in the cerebellum, perhaps relating to the rare occurrence of cerebellar syndrome associated with fluorouracil administration.<sup>3</sup>
Medicines Evaluation and Monitoring Group: Central Nervous System Effects of Pentazocine
Authors: A. J. J. Wood, D. C. Moir, C. Campbell, J. F. Davidson, S. C. Gallon, E. Henney, S. McAllion
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Hospital-based drug monitoring facilities have been used to investigate the frequency of perceptual disturbances in inpatients receiving pentazocine and the occurrence of dependence upon this drug after discharge from hospital. A pilot study was carried out in which seven out of 70 hospital inpatients receiving pentazocine reported such episodes, while in a prospective study, 9 out of 132 patients receiving pentazocine and 1 out of 112 receiving cyclimorph, dihydrocodeine, or pethidine reported their occurrence. A total of 135 patients who received pentazocine for disorders likely to require longterm analgesia were followed up for six months after their discharge from hospital. 24 had received pentazocine after discharge; two required an increase in dosage and four expressed a preference for pentazocine.
INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA, MAGNESIUM REQUIREMENT, AND EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: J. J. Vitale, P. L. White, M. Nakamura, D. M. Hegsted, N. Zamcheck, E. E. Hellerstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

The addition of cholesterol and cholic acid to a diet containing 24 mg. percent of magnesium, an amount normally required for young rats, resulted in magnesium deficiency in rats. This was characterized by hyperexcitability, hyperemia of the ears, calcium deposition in the kidney tubules, low serum magnesium levels, and decreased oxidative phosphorylation of heart mitochondria. All these lesions were prevented by raising the dietary magnesium level four to eight times. Feeding the atherogenic diet produced the deposition of lipide in the aorta and in the heart valves. The extent of this intimal sudanophilia was reduced by large amounts of dietary magnesium although serum cholesterol values did not fall and usually rose. This represents perhaps the first clear cut disassociation between serum cholesterol values and the extent of intimal sudanophilia. Raising the level of dietary protein from 10 to 20 per cent decreased the serum cholesterol levels and the extent of the kidney lesions. Thyroxine administration lowered the serum cholesterol values, abolished the kidney lesions and reduced the intimal sudanophilia. These effects occurred even though the serum magnesium levels remained low.
IMPACT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION ON MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES: ANALYSIS OF THE ACUTE CATHETERIZATION AND URGENT INTERVENTION TRIAGE STRATEGY (ACUITY) TRIAL
Authors: Alexandra J. Lansky, Vivian Ng, Kenji Goto, Martin Fahy, Roxana Mehran, Ramin Ebrahimian, Marial Hamond, E Magnus Ohman, Fred Feit, Steven Manoukian, Michael Lincoff, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Rectal motor activity.
Authors: D L Wingate, D Kumar
Journal: Gut (1992)

<h3>Objective</h3> This study sought to assess knowledge of schizophrenia and help-seeking behaviour among undergraduate students of a Nigerian university. Sociodemographic predictors of correct recognition were also explored. <h3>Design</h3> The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. <h3>Setting</h3> The study was carried out at the University of Nigeria, a pioneer university located in Southeastern Nigeria. <h3>Participants</h3> Undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria. <h3>Methods</h3> All consenting male and female students of three purposively selected faculties were recruited for the study. Self-administered vignette-based questionnaires were distributed to students of the selected faculties between September and November 2018. Data were analysed using the IBM Statistical Product and Services Solution for Windows V.21.0. <h3>Results</h3> Out of the 400 questionnaires that were distributed, 389 were completed and returned (97.3% response rate). Respondents were mainly female (64.9%, n=252) and were between the ages of 18 and 24 years (75.8%, n=294). One in eight respondents (12.1%, n=47) correctly identified and labelled the schizophrenia vignette. Hallucination was the most identified symptom of distress for schizophrenia (47.9%, n=186). The most common alternative label for schizophrenia was ‘mental illness’ (24.7%, n=96). Schizophrenia was also mislabelled as depression (11.6%, n=45). More than a 10th of the respondents used stigmatising labels such as ‘crazy’ and ‘mad’ (11.1%, n=43). Psychiatrists were the most recommended source of help for the vignette character (36.3%, n=141). There was a strong association between the faculty of study and the ability to correctly identify and label the schizophrenia vignette (χ<sup>2</sup>=44.557, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Mental health literacy among students of the University of Nigeria was poor. Research on culturally sensitive interventions to improve mental health literacy should be embarked on.
Urachal sinus presenting as periumbilical dermatitis
Authors: G.A. Cox, I. Chan, J. Lloyd, R.O. Witherow, J.N. Leonard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, A 25‐year‐old Asian woman presented with a 9‐week history of an itchy, painful periumbilical rash. The rash was associated with an intermittent watery discharge and recurrent episodes of cellulitis. One infective episode resulted in Gemella haemolysans sepsis, requiring a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics. Skin swabs taken at that time also grew Staphylococcus aureus and β‐haemolytic streptococcus. Examination revealed a fissured weepy periumbilical dermatitis (Fig. 1a). The patient complained of abdominal tenderness on deep palpation, but no masses were palpable. Blood results showed a mildly raised serum amylase of 103 U L−1 (normal < 70), but were otherwise unremarkable. There was no history of atopy and an allergic contact dermatitis was considered unlikely as there was no direct contact with metal buttons or belt buckles. Skin biopsy showed features consistent with a chronic psoriasiform dermatitis, with hyperparakeratosis, regular epidermal acanthosis with elongation of the rete ridges, and dilatation of the capillary vessels within the dermal papillae. Within the upper dermis there was a mild perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrate.
James Ewart Horrocks
Authors: Andrew W Horrocks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Paediatrician who became a pioneer in the management of cystic fibrosisTony Jackson made a considerable contribution to the transformation of cystic fibrosis from a fatal disease of infancy to a chronic disease of adults.He applied the developing technology and pharmaceutical developments to everyday practice, supported families and patients, and, after retirement, gave strategic direction to the Cystic Fibrosis Trust research and medical advisory committee, of which he was chairman.The trust awarded him its John Panchaud medal.
Pilocarpine With Psychostimulants
Authors: Nathan S. KLINE
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Nathan S. Kline's "The Practical Management of Depression" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>: 732 [Nov 23] 1964) should be instructive to the physicians who are not psychiatrists but who are obliged to treat millions of depressed patients each year. Since there are not enough psychiatrists to handle these patients, it is reassuring to know that, except for the acutely suicidal patient, the personal physician can and should treat most depressed patients. Incidentally, Dr. Kline points out that psychostimulants almost always reduce salivation and that he has found no successful pharmacological treatment for this side effect. I have used small doses of pilocarpine nitrate per os—as little as 2.5 mg once, twice, or three times a day—with considerable success in counteracting this side effect. Judging from its pharmacological action, pilocarpine might also help alleviate the constipation and dysuria that have been recorded with the use of psychostimulants.
Medicaid Policy on Sterilization — Anachronistic or Still Relevant?
Authors: Sonya Borrero, Nikki Zite, Joseph E. Potter, James Trussell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Though designed to protect vulnerable populations, federal policy regarding Medicaid-funded sterilization procedures such as tubal ligation creates substantial barriers for low-income women who wish to undergo such a procedure, restricting their reproductive autonomy.
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01-restricted activation of drug-specific T cells provides the immunological basis for flucloxacillin-induced liver injury
Authors: Manal M. Monshi, Lee Faulkner, Andrew Gibson, Rosalind E. Jenkins, John Farrell, Caroline J. Earnshaw, Ana Alfirevic, Karin Cederbrant, Ann K. Daly, Neil French, Munir Pirmohamed, Kevin B. Park, Dean J. Naisbitt
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The role of the adaptive immune system in adverse drug reactions that target the liver has not been defined. For flucloxacillin, a delay in the reaction onset and identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01 as a susceptibility factor are indicative of an immune pathogenesis. Thus, we characterize flucloxacillin-responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with liver injury and show that naive CD45RA+CD8+ T cells from volunteers expressing HLA-B*57:01 are activated with flucloxacillin when dendritic cells present the drug antigen. T-cell clones expressing CCR4 and CCR9 migrated toward CCL17 and CCL 25, and secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), T helper (Th)2 cytokines, perforin, granzyme B, and FasL following drug stimulation. Flucloxacillin bound covalently to selective lysine residues on albumin in a time-dependent manner and the level of binding correlated directly with the stimulation of clones. Activation of CD8+ clones with flucloxacillin was processing-dependent and restricted by HLA-B*57:01 and the closely related HLA-B*58:01. Clones displayed additional reactivity against β-lactam antibiotics including oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin, but not abacavir or nitroso sulfamethoxazole.This work defines the immune basis for flucloxacillin-induced liver injury and links the genetic association to the iatrogenic disease.
Role of Preischemic Glycogen Depletion in the Improvement of Postischemic Metabolic and Contractile Recovery of Ischemia-Preconditioned Rat Hearts
Authors: Paulo R. Soares, Cicero P. de Albuquerque, V. P. Chacko, Gary Gerstenblith, Robert G. Weiss
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuates acidosis during prolonged ischemia and improves contractile and metabolic parameters during subsequent reperfusion. Glycogen depletion induced by IPC is proposed as a potential mechanism. Methods and Results We studied the influence of manipulations of preischemic glycogen levels (Pre-G, μmol glucose/g wet wt) on contractile and metabolic (via 31 P–nuclear magnetic resonance) parameters during 30 minutes of ischemia and recovery in four groups of isovolumic rat hearts: First, control (Con, n=18, mean Pre-G, 21.5±0.8); second, after two 5-minute IPC periods (IPC, n=12, Pre-G, 11.3±0.7); third, a control group in which Pre-G was depleted by glucose-free, acetate perfusion (Con-LowG, n=9, Pre-G, 7.9±1.2); and fourth, an IPC group in which Pre-G was raised by glucose and lactate perfusion such that Pre-G was similar to Con (IPC-HiG, n=11, Pre-G, 20±1.4). Manipulation of Pre-G significantly altered the pH fall during 30 minutes of ischemia (Con, 5.76±.03, Con-LowG, 6.26±.07; IPC-HiG, 5.91±.02, IPC, 6.05±.09). IPC-HiG hearts had significantly worse metabolic recovery (PCr, 70±7 versus 91±3% initial; IPC-HiG versus IPC, P &lt;.05) and contractile recovery (end-diastolic pressure, 52±5 versus 29±5 mm Hg, P &lt;.05) than IPC hearts but better recovery than Con (%PCr, 56±6% and end-diastolic pressure, 72±6 mm Hg). An ischemic rise in intracellular magnesium occurred and was atttenuated in preconditioned hearts. Conclusions Pre-G levels before ischemia influence but are not the sole determinants of the extent of acidosis during prolonged ischemia and of metabolic and contractile recovery during reperfusion in control and preconditioned hearts.
Overexpression of PDGF-BB decreases colorectal and pancreatic cancer growth by increasing tumor pericyte content
Authors: Marya F. McCarty, Ray J. Somcio, Oliver Stoeltzing, Jane Wey, Fan Fan, Wenbiao Liu, Corazon Bucana, Lee M. Ellis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

We hypothesized that overexpression of PDGF-BB in colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer cells would result in increased pericyte coverage of ECs in vivo, rendering the tumor vasculature more resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. We stably transfected the cDNA for the PDGF-B into HT-29 human CRC and FG human pancreatic cancer cells. Surprisingly, when HT-29 or FG parental and transfected cells were injected into mice (subcutaneously and orthotopically), we observed marked inhibition of tumor growth in the PDGF-BB-overexpressing clones. In the PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors, we observed an increase in pericyte coverage of ECs. Treatment of PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors with imatinib mesylate (PDGFR inhibitor) resulted in increased growth and decreased total pericyte content compared with those in untreated PDGF-BB-overexpressing tumors. In vitro studies demonstrated the ability of VSMCs to inhibit EC proliferation by approximately 50%. These data show that increasing the pericyte content of the tumor microenvironment inhibits the growth of angiogenesis-dependent tumors. Single-agent therapy targeting PDGF receptor must be used with caution in tumors when PDGFR is not the target on the tumor cell itself.