tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mumps Occurring as a Mononucleosis-like Syndrome With Positive Monospot Test
Authors: Marianne Jertborn
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two patients had a clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis and a positive Monospot test on admission. However, a notable rise in antibody titer to mumps virus was also found. Serological follow-up studies were performed to determine whether these patients had possible concurrent infections with Epstein-Barr virus and mumps virus. The cases of five typical patients with mumps, who were admitted during the same month, were investigated as controls. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> An 18-year-old man became ill with high fever (39<sup>°</sup>C), cervical lymphadenopathy, and membranous tonsillitis. He had 2,300 WBCs, with 50% lymphocytes. He was febrile for 12 days, during which time the enlarged lymph nodes and tonsils returned to normal size and appearance. At approximately that time, it became apparent that the parotid glands were slightly enlarged also. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> A 12-year-old boy was admitted because of fever and membranous tonsillitis. He
Mapping of Atrial Activation With a Noncontact, Multielectrode Catheter in Dogs
Authors: Alan Kadish, John Hauck, Brian Pederson, Graydon Beatty, Charles Gornick
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Endocardial mapping of sustained arrhythmias has traditionally been performed with a roving diagnostic catheter. Although this approach is adequate for many tachyarrhythmias, it has limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel noncontact mapping system for assessing atrial tachyarrhythmias.The mapping system consists of a 9F multielectrode-array balloon catheter that has 64 active electrodes and ring electrodes for emitting a locator signal. The locator signal was used to construct a 3-dimensional right atrial map; it was independently validated and was highly accurate. Virtual electrograms were calculated at 3360 endocardial sites in the right atrium. We evaluated right atrial activation by positioning the balloon catheter in the mid right atrium via a femoral venous approach. Experiments were performed on 12 normal mongrel dogs. The mean correlation coefficient between contact and virtual electrograms was 0.80+/-0.12 during sinus rhythm. Fifty episodes of atrial flutter induced in 11 animals were evaluated. In the majority of experiments, complete or almost complete reentrant circuits could be identified within the right atrium. Mean correlation coefficient between virtual and contact electrograms was 0.85+/-0.17 in atrial flutter. One hundred fifty-six episodes of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation were evaluated in 11 animals. Several distinct patterns of right atrial activation were seen, including single-activation wave fronts and multiple simultaneous-activation wave fronts. Mean correlation coefficient between virtual and contact electrograms during atrial fibrillation was 0.81+/-0.18. The accuracy of electrogram reconstruction was lower at sites >4.0 cm from the balloon center and at sites with a high spatial complexity of electrical activation.This novel noncontact mapping system can evaluate conduction patterns during sinus rhythm, demonstrate reentry during atrial flutter, and describe right atrial activation during atrial fibrillation. The accuracy of electrogram reconstruction was good at sites <4.0 cm from the balloon center, and thus the system has the ability to perform high-resolution multisite mapping of atrial tachyarrhythmias in vivo.
The Role of Choline Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Management of Patients with Prostate-Specific Antigen Progression After Radical Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maria Picchio, Alberto Briganti, Stefano Fanti, Axel Heidenreich, Bernd J. Krause, Cristina Messa, Francesco Montorsi, Sven N. Reske, George N. Thalmann
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Renal Tubular Acidosis with Autoantibody Directed to Renal Collecting-Duct Cells
Authors: Konosuke Konishi, Matsuhiko Hayashi, Takao Saruta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Although distal renal tubular acidosis is often associated with immune-mediated diseases, autoantibodies against renal tubular cells have been detected only sporadically.1–3 We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with Graves' hyperthyroidism and distal renal tubular acidosis whose serum contained antibodies to renal collecting-duct cells. In August 1989 weight loss and palpitation occurred in the patient. She had exophthalmos, diffuse goiter, and elevated serum thyroid hormone concentrations. She was treated with methimazole and became euthyroid. In June 1991 progressive weakness of the extremities developed over a period of several days. The patient was taking 2.5 mg . . .
Using bibliometrics to define the quality of primary care research
Authors: A. L. Weightman, C. C. Butler
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A useful international benchmark, but should not be used to allocate resources

In the linked bibliometric analysis (doi:10.1136/bmj.d1028), Glanville and colleagues assess the value of primary care research from the United Kingdom and five comparator countries, as measured by references or citations in later research publications. The authors found that these measures consistently placed UK researchers among the best in the world.1 

Although opinions differ as to how reliable bibliometrics are as a sole measure of the quality and impact of research,2 3 4 they are increasingly used to assess peer reviewed research outputs in contexts such as local research performance indicators, grant applications, and academic appraisal processes. The Higher Education Funding Council for England’s current recommendation is that, because bibliometrics are unlikely to be free from distortion,5 the forthcoming Research Excellence Framework subpanels will be asked to decide whether they wish to use citation information to inform their review of research outputs. Some may well do so.

The decisions made by the framework will inform the distribution of public funds by the four UK higher education funding bodies and therefore influence the development of the evidence base, in one direction or another, that supports clinical decisions in the more than 300 million general practice consultations each year in the UK, which represent more than 95% of all NHS consultations. …
1053 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN DIABETES MELLITUS, HEPATIC STEATOSIS AND FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS IN TAIWAN
Authors: C.-Y. Dai, J.-F. Huang, M.-Y. Hsieh, N.-J. Hou, Z.-Y. Lin, S.-C. Chen, L.-Y. Wang, W.-L. Chuang, M.-L. Yu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Adverse Reactions to Marihuana
Authors: Andrew T. Weil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Adverse acute reactions to marihuana are infrequent, but physicians will see more of them as use of the drug increases and reaches new areas of society. Several very distinct types of reactions occur. In persons without a history of mental disorder who have never taken hallucinogenic drugs, marihuana may cause simple depressive reactions, panic reactions (most common) and toxic psychoses. In persons who have previously taken hallucinogens, marihuana may also trigger recurrences of hallucinogenic effects and may occasionally precipitate delayed psychotic reactions. Finally, in ambulatory schizophrenics, marihuana can cause atypical reactions, frequently marked by derealization. Most of these reactions are self-limited and benign but can be worsened by improper medical management. A few require psychiatric and psychopharmacologic intervention.
EXPLOSIBILITY OF ETHYLENE
Authors: Carl Henry Davis
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Fortunately, operating room explosions from ether or other explosive substances are not common; but, in spite of ordinary care, they do occur. The frequency of their occurrence cannot be determined, as they are not reported. W. E. Brown has recently shown that ether combinations used daily in operating rooms are highly explosive. In his experimental tests, it was found that they are fully as explosive as ethylene-oxygen. Having had a recent ethylene explosion under conditions that would have seemed impossible according to the experimental results of Brown, it seems worth while to report the accident and make certain suggestions that may reduce the chances of others having a similar experience. After hearing Brown read his paper on "Explosibility of Ethylene Mixtures"<sup>1</sup>before the Congress of Anesthetists in Chicago, last October, I, with many others, believed that it was safe to use a cautery in the operating room, if the
Regulation of rat luteinizing hormone subunit messenger ribonucleic acids by gonadal steroid hormones.
Authors: S D Gharib, S M Bowers, L R Need, W W Chin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Little is known about the hormonal regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) biosynthesis. We have studied the regulation of LH messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by gonadal-steroid hormones in the rat. In one set of experiments, male and female rats were surgically gonadectomized (GDX) and killed 1, 3, 7, 14, 22, and 31 d postoperatively. In another set of experiments, male and female rats were surgically GDX and were injected subcutaneously with testosterone propionate (500 micrograms/100 g body wt per d) or 17 beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (10 micrograms/100 g body wt per d), respectively, beginning 3 wk postoperatively. Levels of serum LH were determined by radioimmunoassay and levels of LH subunit mRNAs in single pituitary glands were determined by blot hybridization analysis using labeled synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes that correspond to portions of the coding regions of the rat alpha- and LH beta-subunit mRNAs. 4 wk after gonadectomy, serum LH levels rose nine- and 20-fold, while alpha-subunit mRNA levels rose six- and 10-fold, and LH beta-subunit levels rose seven- and 14-fold, compared with controls in males and females, respectively. In gonadal-steroid hormone-treated male and female GDX rats, serum LH levels fell to 8 and 36% of control values, while alpha-subunit mRNA levels declined to 22 and 19%, and LH beta-subunit mRNA levels declined to 6 and 10% of control values, 48 h after injections were initiated, in males and females, respectively. We conclude that gonadal-steroid hormones negatively regulate the levels of both subunit mRNAs in GDX rats in a pattern that parallels the changes in serum LH values. These data suggest that gonadal-steroid hormone regulation of LH biosynthesis occurs, at least in part, at the level of LH subunit mRNAs due to effects at the transcriptional and/or RNA stability levels.
Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: RISTÉARD MULCAHY, NOEL HICKEY, BRIAN MAURER
Journal: Circulation (1967)

One hundred women with classical coronary heart disease were studied in an attempt to identify etiological factors. Three dominant factors were hypertension, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolemia. Cigarette smoking and hypertension were present together or separately in 80 to 90% of the patients. Four patients were diabetics; six had grossly abnormal serum cholesterol levels; and there was one case each of associated myxedema, aortic stenosis, and postoperative hypotension. Comments are made about the role of family history, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, exercise and dietary experience, and the influence of the menopause. It is believed that the proper control of hypertension in the population and the elimination of cigarette smoking would cause an appreciable or even dramatic reduction in the incidence of precocious and middle-aged coronary heart disease in women.
Letter: A safer antidepressant?
Authors: C Brewer
Journal: BMJ (1975)

an alpha-blocker such as phentolamine should be the first choice in the management of hypertension complicating clonidine overdose.We should also like to take issue with the recommendation that forced frusemide diuresis is an effective means of removing clonidcine.In normal individuals given 300 ,g of clonidine either orally or intravenously we have found that 39-480/ of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine in the first 24 hours.In addition, a variable amount of extrarenal elimination occurs.In the first case described by Dr Hunyor and his colleagues 470' of the ingested dose was excreted in the first 24 hours, and this is what we would have expected without the use of frusemide.Although we have no experimental data on the effect of frusemide on clonidine excretion, we doubt if it would alter the rate of elimination if an adequate urine flow was maintained.
Stroke Patients, "Managed Care," and Distributive Justice
Authors: James R. Webster, Joseph Feinglass
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Retchin and colleagues<sup>1</sup>arrive at the disturbing conclusion that Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO) patients treated for stroke were significantly less likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation hospital or return home than clinically similar patients treated in Medicare fee-for-service settings, although mortality was similar. These results imply that some HMO patients may be denied optimal care as a result of their payer status. Is this another example of the new medical environment in which older individuals will be deprived of appropriate care to increase corporate profits or to reward physicians who benefit financially from withholding care? See also p 119. This is an especially troublesome matter because stroke is a common illness, affecting more than half a million patients annually and is a leading cause of adult disability in the United States. Stroke takes a devastating physical and emotional toll on patients'
Is External Irradiation a Risk Factor for Thyroid Disease and Thyroid Carcinoma?
Authors: Robert D. Utiger
Journal: JAMA (1979)

External irradiation of the head and neck region in infancy and childhood is widely considered an important risk factor for thyroid disease and especially thyroid carcinoma. The data supporting this statement are derived from retrospective studies of patients with thyroid carcinoma<sup>1,2</sup>and from studies of groups of patients who received, or thought they had received, such irradiation. The latter studies generally have shown a 20% to 30% prevalence of palpable thyroid abnormalities, about half of these abnormalities being single or multiple thyroid nodules.<sup>3-6</sup>When surgery was done, about 30% of the subjects were found to have thyroid carcinoma (1.8% to 6.1% of the total number of subjects examined). Unfortunately, however, the specific criteria on which the recommendation for surgery was made were not stated. In the only study, that from the Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, in which the size of the carcinomas was reported, two thirds were
Glycogen Metabolism in the Aerobic Hypertrophied Rat Heart
Authors: Michael F. Allard, Sarah L. Henning, Richard B. Wambolt, Shaun R. Granleese, Dean R. English, Gary D. Lopaschuk
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Rates of glycolysis from exogenous glucose are accelerated in hypertrophied hearts. In this study, we determined whether alterations in the metabolism of glycogen, an endogenous storage form of glucose, also occur in hypertrophied hearts. Methods and Results Rates of glycolysis ([ 3 H]H 2 O production) and oxidation ([ 14 C]CO 2 production) from exogenous glucose and glycogen were measured in isolated working hearts from control and aortic-banded rats. Hearts in which glycogen was prelabeled with [5- 3 H]- or [U- 14 C]glucose were perfused with buffer containing 11 mmol/L [5- 3 H]- or [U- 14 C]glucose (different from the isotope used to prelabel glycogen), 0.4 mmol/L palmitate, 0.5 mmol/L lactate, and 100 μU/mL insulin. Rates of glycolysis from exogenous glucose were greater (3471±114 versus 2665±194 nmol glucose·min −1 ·g dry wt −1 , P &lt;.05, n=4 to 6, mean±SEM) and rates of exogenous glucose oxidation (445±36 versus 619±16 nmol glucose·min −1 ·g dry wt −1 , P &lt;.05, n=4 to 6) were lower in hypertrophied hearts than in control hearts. Rates of glycolysis and oxidation from glycogen were not different between hypertrophied and control hearts. A greater proportion of glycogen was oxidized (80% to 100%) than the proportion of exogenous glucose oxidized (13% to 24%) in both groups. Additionally, 10.5±1.4 and 12.3±1.0 μmol/g dry wt of glycogen was synthesized in hypertrophied and control hearts, respectively, indicating that simultaneous synthesis and degradation (ie, glycogen turnover) occurred in both groups. Conclusions Thus, aerobic myocardial glycogen metabolism in the hypertrophied heart is similar to that observed in the normal heart even though exogenous glucose metabolism is altered in the hypertrophied heart.
Hippocampal Deformities in Schizophrenia Characterized by High Dimensional Brain Mapping
Authors: John G. Csernansky, Lei Wang, Donald Jones, Devna Rastogi-Cruz, Joel A. Posener, Gitry Heydebrand, J. Philip Miller, Michael I. Miller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

Abnormalities of hippocampal structure have been reported in schizophrenia subjects. However, such abnormalities have been difficult to discriminate from normal neuroanatomical variation. High dimensional brain mapping, which utilizes probabilistic deformations of a neuroanatomical template, was used to characterize disease-related patterns of changes in hippocampal volume, shape, and asymmetry.T(1)-weighted magnetic resonance scans were collected in 52 schizophrenia and 65 comparison subjects who were similar in age, gender, and parental socioeconomic status. The schizophrenia subjects were clinically stable at the time of assessment.Significant abnormalities of hippocampal shape and asymmetry (but not volume after total cerebral volume was included as a covariate) were found in the schizophrenia subjects. The pattern of shape abnormality suggested a neuroanatomical deformity of the head of the hippocampus, which contains neurons that project to the frontal cortex. The pattern of hippocampal asymmetry observed in the schizophrenia subjects suggested an exaggeration of the asymmetry pattern observed in the comparison subjects. No correlations were found between the magnitude of hippocampal shape and asymmetry abnormality and the severity of residual symptoms or duration of illness.Schizophrenia is associated with structural deformities of the hippocampus, which suggest a disturbance of the connections between the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. However, the magnitude of these deformities are not related to severity or duration of illness.
Two thirds of local authorities face shortfall in public health budgets despite increased funding
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Around two thirds of local authorities in England will find themselves short of the money needed to meet their target spending per head on public health by the end of 2014-15, show figures on the two year settlements allocated to them by the Department of Health.1

This is despite real term increases of up to 10% on the budgets for both 2013-14 and 2014-15 proposed by the outgoing primary care trusts, which relinquish responsibility for public health this April.

The overall budget for public health services managed by England’s 152 local authorities will be £2.7bn (€3.3bn; $4.4bn) in 2013-14 and just under £2.8bn in 2014-15. The health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, announced on 10 January that the money would be ringfenced.

Local authorities will not assume responsibility for immunisation and vaccination, health …
THE DANGERS OF HYPNOTISM
Authors: S. Noble
Journal: BMJ (1910)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Pulmonary carcinoid (PC) is a rare tumour with good prognosis following surgical resection. However, little is known regarding patient characteristics and use of other treatments modalities. Our objective was to review patient characteristics, treatment and survival for patients with PC and contrast these results with other forms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <h3>Setting</h3> Audit data from UK National Lung Cancer Audit (NLCA) 2008–2013. <h3>Participants</h3> 184 906 lung cancer cases were submitted to the NLCA. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> Primary outcome—survival rates between PC and NSCLC. Secondary outcome—differences in performance status, lung function and treatment modality between PC and NSCLC. <h3>Results</h3> PC histology was recorded in 1341 (0.73%) patients and non-carcinoid NSCLC histology in 162 959 (87.4%) cases. 91% of patients with PC had good performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0–1), compared with only 53% of NSCLC. 66% of PC had localised disease. Of all PC cases, 77% were treated with surgery, 6.2% received chemotherapy and 3.6% received radiotherapy, with the remainder treated with best supportive care. Overall 1-year and 3-year survival rates for PC were 92% and 84.7%, respectively. In contrast, 1-year and 3-year survival rates for NSCLC were 36.2% and 15.6%, However, 3-year survival for PC markedly decreased with worsening performance status and advanced disease to 23.8% for performance status ECOG 3–4 and 33.6% for stage IV disease. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to other forms of NSCLC, the majority of patients with PC present with good performance status, preserved lung function and early stage disease amenable to surgical resection. However, 1 in 5 patients with PC has metastatic disease which is associated with poor prognosis, as is poor performance status at presentation. We believe these data will help clinicians provide accurate prognostic predictions stratified according to patient characteristics at presentation, as well as guide future clinical trials.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nobuhisa Akamatsu, Yasuhiko Sugawara, Norihiro Kokudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Liver transplantation has become an established treatment for cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the Milan criteria are now widely accepted and applied as an indication for deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) in Western countries. In contrast, however, due to the severe organ shortage, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is mainstream in Japan and in other Asian countries. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Unlike DDLT, LDLT is not limited by the restrictions imposed by the nationwide allocation system, and the indication for LDLT in patients with HCC often depends on institutional or case-by-case considerations, balancing the burden on the donor, the operative risk, and the overall survival benefit for the recipient. Accumulating data from a nationwide survey as well as individual center experience indicate that extending the Milan criteria is warranted. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Messages: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;While the promotion of DDLT should be intensified in Japan and other Asian countries, LDLT will continue to be a mainstay for the treatment of HCC in cirrhotic patients.