tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular ejection fraction calculated from volumes and areas: underestimation by area method.
Authors: J A Wisneski, C N Pfeil, D G Wyse, R Mitchell, S H Rahimtoola, E W Gertz
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The ejection fraction is one of the most widely used measurements of left ventricular systolic function. Angiographic measurement of ejection fraction is based on determination of roentgenographic magnification and calculation of end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, assuming a prolated ellipse. Because it is simple and radiographic magnification may not have been determined, some laboratories have obtained an "ejection fraction" by comparison of end-diastolic and end-systolic areas. A comparison of the two methods was made using ventriculograms of 538 patients from three cardiac catheterization laboratories. The area method of ejection fraction calculation consistently underestimates ejection fraction from left ventricular volumes. A regression equation was derived that allows adjustment of the ejection fraction obtained from areas to that from volumes.
Skeletal Scintigraphy of Pseudo-Osteomyelitis in Gaucher??s Disease
Authors: TANYA R. BILCHIK, SYDNEY HEYMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Two patients with known type 1 Gaucher's disease had signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis. Decreased perfusion and impaired uptake were seen on bone scan. Patient 1 had a culture-negative aspirate of the site. Patient 2 had no surgical procedures. Both improved on bed rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. It is difficult to distinguish osteomyelitis clinically from pseudo-osteomyelitis. The authors suggest that photopenia on bone scan performed within 1 to 3 days of presentation is suggestive of pseudo-osteomyelitis in Gaucher's disease.
Compression of Pulmonary Artery by Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Robert M. Zeit
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ANEURYSMS of the ascending aorta may involve the main pulmonary artery or its branches by compression or by rupture and formation of an aortopulmonary artery fistula. While the diagnosis may be suggested from the chest roentgenogram, large midline ascending aortic aneurysms may be present yet not radiologically detectable. Diagnosis often requires pulmonary arteriography with visualization of the levophase as described herein. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 67-year-old woman had severe rightsided pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, and hemoptysis for three days. The patient had been receiving warfarin sodium (Coumadin) for phlebitis but was unreliable in taking her medications. Her history included cancer of the bladder with bone metastasis and rheumatic heart disease. During physical examination, the patient was an anxious, diaphoretic woman in severe respiratory distress with considerable splinting of the right thorax. Her respirations were 24/min and blood pressure was 170/80 mm Hg. Breath sounds at the right base were
Gene Therapy 'Prelude' Under Way
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

NATIONAL INSTITUTES of Health (NIH) Clinical Center scientists have taken the first step into a new era of medical therapy by injecting genetically altered human cells into patients with advanced melanoma in order to track and determine the fate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Ten patients will receive the lymphocytes, cultured from their own tumors and marked with the gene for neomycin resistance for tracking purposes (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;261: 504). Approval to start the pioneering NIH study came after reviews by a number of committees and subcommittees over a period of 7 months until James B. Wyngaarden, MD, NIH director, and Frank E. Young, MD, Food and Drug Administration commissioner, gave approval. The study then was held up because of difficulty in getting the neomycin gene into a sufficient number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, says W. French Anderson, MD, a principal investigator. While Anderson and others were working on this problem, a critic of
Enhancement of Rho/Rho-kinase system in regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction in tachycardia-induced heart failure
Authors: T Hisaoka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: The Rho/Rho-kinase system regulates Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle. A new drug, Y-27632, specifically inhibits Rho-kinase and hence decreases the phosphorylation of myosin light chain, thus reducing contraction. Here, we compare the effects of Y-27632 and nifedipine on the vasoconstrictor response of the femoral artery in heart failure. Methods: Heart failure (HF) was produced by chronic rapid RV pacing (250 bpm, 28 days, six dogs). Indo1-AM was loaded into endothelium-denuded femoral artery segments for measuring intracellular [Ca2+]. Tension and changes in intracellular [Ca2+] [the change in the ratio (418 nm/468 nm) of Indo1 fluorescence (Fratio)] were simultaneously measured in Krebs–Ringer solution. Results: In HF: (i) norepinephrine (10 μM) produced greater tension (784±52 g/cm2) than in control (502±64 g/cm2) despite a similar increase in Fratio, indicating increased Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle; (ii) nifedipine attenuated this enhanced response by only a maximum of 27% at 1 μmol/l with a 56% reduction in Fratio; (iii) Y-27632 attenuated it by a maximum of 80% at 100 μmol/l without a significant change in Fratio; (iv) RhoA protein and mRNA expression levels in the femoral artery were up-regulated by +110% and +56%, respectively, while those of Rho-kinase were unchanged. Conclusions: The Ca2+-sensitizing mechanism involving the Rho/Rho-kinase system may be deeply involved in the enhanced arterial vasoconstriction seen in HF. Since Y-27632 attenuated this response in small arteries, it shows potential as a novel, potent vasodilator for the treatment of HF.
Cuddling: The Influences of Culture and Sex
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The reference lists in two articles<sup>1,2</sup>attest to the fact that Hollender, sometimes with co-authors, has written extensively on the meaning and extent of the human desire to be held (cuddled). Previous studies, however, have not addressed the question of whether cultural influences affect women's attitudes toward the amount of holding permitted or encouraged. In the first article cited,<sup>1</sup>the authors examined the differences in the wish to be held among five groups of Asian women living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Of most immediate interest is the contrast in the desire for body contact between Chinese women educated in English schools (and influenced by English customs) and their native-educated counterparts. Of the subjects in the study, there were 24 Chinese-educated and 65 English-educated women. All subjects were married; most were in their 20s or 30s. They were asked to respond to a questionnaire, with the explanation that information
Non-invasive pressure support ventilation and CPAP in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized study in the emergency department
Authors: Semir Nouira, Riadh Boukef, Wahid Bouida, Wieme Kerkeni, Kaouther Beltaief, Hamdi Boubaker, Latifa Boudhib, Mohamed Habib Grissa, Mohamed Naceur Trimech, Hamadi Boussarsar, Mehdi Methamem, Soudani Marghli, Mondher Ltaief
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Acute Effects of Topical Methyl Tert–Butyl Ether or Ethyl Propionate on Gallbladder Histology in Animals: A Comparison of Two Solvents for Contact Dissolution of Cholesterol Gallstones
Authors: Oliver Esch, John C. Spinosa, Ronald L. Hamilton, Diane L. Crombie, Claudio D. Schteingart, Joseph F. Rondinone, Horacio B. D'Agostino, Jan Lillienau, Alan F. Hofmann
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Experiments were performed in anesthetized rabbits and piglets to assess gallbladder mucosal injury during irrigation with methyl tert-butyl ether, a C5 ether, or ethyl propionate, a C5 ester--two organic solvents used in the contact dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. In 44 New Zealand White rabbits, the gallbladder was exposed to individual solvents or saline solution through a transhepatic catheter for 2 hr. Gallbladders were then harvested and fixed immediately or after a recovery period of 1, 4 or 8 days. Tissue sections were examined under light microscopy, and severity of injury was graded with predefined criteria by two pathologists blinded to the animals' treatment regimens. Histological assessment showed severe mucosal injury such as necrosis of the cells at the villus tips immediately after 2 hr of exposure to either solvent. After 4 days, injury had decreased significantly; after 8 days, complete mucosal healing had taken place. A similar study was performed in 32 piglets. Solvent or saline solution was oscillated in and out of the gallbladders of these piglets with a computer-controlled syringe pump at a pressure less than the leakage pressure of the gallbladder. Histological assessment was performed on tissue samples obtained immediately after the procedure or 8 days later. Both solvents caused severe mucosal injury; however, after 8 days complete mucosal healing had occurred, so that gallbladders exposed to solvent were indistinguishable from gallbladders exposed to saline solution, which was used as control. We conclude that both methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl propionate cause moderate to severe epithelial injury but that the gallbladder epithelium regenerates within a few days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 mediates C-type lectin receptor–induced activation of the kinase Syk and anti-fungal TH17 responses
Authors: Zihou Deng, Shixin Ma, Hao Zhou, Aiping Zang, Yiyuan Fang, Tiantian Li, Huanjing Shi, Mei Liu, Min Du, Patricia R Taylor, Helen He Zhu, Jiangye Chen, Guangxun Meng, Fubin Li, Changbin Chen, Yan Zhang, Xin-Ming Jia, Xin Lin, Xiaoming Zhang, Eric Pearlman, Xiaoxia Li, Gen-Sheng Feng, Hui Xiao
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
ABC of colorectal cancer: Effectiveness of follow up
Authors: C. McArdle
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Population based studies show that for rectal cancer the incidence of local recurrence after apparently curative resection is about 20%. Local recurrence after surgery for colon cancer is less common. The liver is the commonest site of distant spread, followed by the lungs; brain and bone metastases are relatively rare. Most recurrences are within 24 months of surgery.

Symptomatic recurrence of colorectal cancer is seldom amenable to curative surgery 

Traditionally surgeons have reviewed their patients at regular intervals after apparently curative resection. Recent surveys, however, have highlighted the lack of consensus among surgeons about the optimal modality and intensity of follow up; surveillance strategies range from a single postoperative visit to lifelong surveillance. Enthusiasts believe that intensive follow up and early intervention will lead to a reduction in the number of deaths from colorectal cancer; others point to the fact that the value of follow up is unproved. With so many tests available and no consensus on their value, it is not surprising that individual clinicians have tended to devise their own protocols.

#### Aims of follow up

A meta-analysis in the mid-1990s did little to clarify the situation. The researchers evaluated the results of seven non-randomised studies (covering over 3000 subjects in total) that compared intensive follow up with minimal or no follow up. Clearly several potential biases could and did exist. In the intensive group, investigations included clinical examination, faecal occult blood testing, liver function tests, measurement of the carcinoembyronic antigen, sigmoidoscopy, and either colonoscopy or barium enema examination. Liver ultrasonography was performed in only three studies and even then infrequently. In the intensive group more asymptomatic recurrences were detected, more patients underwent “second look” laparotomy, …
Competitive Sports Participation in Athletes With Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Jonathan N. Johnson, Michael J. Ackerman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: Competitive sports participation for athletes with long QT syndrome (LQTS) is guided by the 36th Bethesda Conference, which recommends that patients with either (1) symptoms, (2) a corrected QT interval (QTc) greater than 470 milliseconds (males) or 480 milliseconds (females), or (3) an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) not participate in most sports. 1 The European Society of Cardiology guidelines are more restrictive, disqualifying athletes from all sports based solely on a stringent QTc cutoff (Ͼ440 milliseconds in males, Ͼ460 milliseconds in females). 2We sought to determine the outcomes of patients with LQTS who chose to remain athletes against guideline recommendations.Methods.In this institutional review board-approved study (with waiver of consent), we reviewed records for patients with LQT1-3 genotypes, aged 6 to 40 years, who were first evaluated in the Mayo Clinic LQTS Clinic between July 2000 and November 2010.Records were reviewed for athletic participation after LQTS diagnosis and LQTS-related events during a mean (SD) follow-up of 5.1 (2.9) years.No patients were lost to follow-up.All were reevaluated or contacted by phone after July 1, 2011.A "competitive athlete" was defined as one participating in organized competitive sports at the little league, middle or high school, collegiate, or professional level.The approach in the Mayo Clinic LQTS Clinic is to provide the athlete and their family with sufficient information to enable an informed decision regarding sports continuation.All patients received a comprehensive 2-to 3-day clinical and genetic evaluation, including a 1-to 2-hour consultation with an LQTS specialist (M.J.A.) and additional consultations as needed. 3-5Extensive counseling was provided to discuss individual prognosis and athletic participation guidelines.If a minor, the athlete and both parents had to agree to sports continuation.Tailored therapy included ␤-blockers, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, an ICD, or a combination.QT drug avoidance, electrolyte and hydration replenishment, and minimization of core body temperature elevations were advised.Each athlete obtained an automatic external defibrillator as part of the sports gear, and relevant school officials and coaches were informed.Statistical analysis was performed using JMP version 8.0 (SAS Institute).A 2-tailed PϽ.05 was considered significant.Results.Of 353 LQT1-3 patients (199 females; mean [SD] age, 17 [11] years; mean [SD] QTc, 472 [42] milliseconds), the majority (223, 63%) either were not
Effects of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on tension prolongation of cat papillary muscle during recovery from hypoxia.
Authors: B R Brodie, L Cuck, S Klausner, W Grossman, W Parmley
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Because of recent studies suggesting that vasodilators affect ventricular compliance, we studied the effect of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on the mechanical performance of 21 isolated cat papillary muscles. The muscles were stimulated isometrically at 36 beats/min. Sixteen of the muscles were made hypoxic (95% N2, 5% CO2) for 50 minutes and then reoxygenated. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-5) M) added to four of these muscles prior to hypoxia substantially diminished the tension prolongation (both the time to peak tension, TTP, and time for tension to fall to 1/2 its peak value, RT 1/2) that characterizes recovery from hypoxia. TTP and RT 1/2 measured 2 minutes after reoxygenation were 300 +/- 20 msec and 528 +/- 26 msec for the control muscles compared to 208 +/- 13 msec and 248 +/- 22 msec for the muscles pretreated with nitroprusside. Nitroprusside had no effect on the fall and recovery of peak developed force or on the rise and fall of resting force. Furthermore, nitroprusside had no effect on the above parameters in nonhypoxic muscles. We also found that nitroprusside in concentrations of 10(-7) M and nitroglycerin in concentrations of 10(-5) M had little or no effect on tension prolongation. The results of the study indicate that nitroprusside is capable of blocking the tension prolongation that occurs during recovery from hypoxia and may prevent the incomplete myocardial relaxation thought to characterize this phenomenon. Since nitroglycerin had no effect on tension prolongation, it is possible that other factors also may be important in the apparent increase in left ventricular compliance associated with administration of vasodilators to patients.
STUDIES ON X-RAY EFFECTS
Authors: Waro Nakahara, James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

A study has been made of the biological effect of a small dose of soft x-rays given off by a special water-cooled tube with a window of thin glass, operated at ½ inch spark-gap and 11 milliamperes. Mice exposed for 1 minute show 2 days later in the blood an increase in the number of lymphocytes and in the lymphoid organs an increased number of mitotic figures. There occurs also a marked dilatation of the vessels of the suprarenals, particularly between the cortex and medulla. The latter condition did not appear until after 24 hours and was still present 14 days after the treatment. No change was detected in other organs. Mice treated in this way showed a high degree of resistance to cancer transplants. The amount of resistance varied with the time of the inoculation after the treatment. The resistance was not increased before 3 days after and was at its highest point 10 days after the treatment.
Arthur Briant Evans
Authors: David Evans
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former consultant obstetric and gynaecological surgeon London (b London 1909; q Westminster Hospital 1933; MA, FRCS, FRCOG), died from a stroke on 3 March 2005.

During the second world war Briant Evans served in the Emergency Medical Service in London and in the Royal Army Medical Corps in the UK, Egypt, Italy, and Austria. He was obstetric and gynaecological consultant to the Central Mediterranean Force, ending the war as lieutenant colonel. He was subsequently appointed obstetric and gynaecological surgeon to Westminster Hospital, obstetric surgeon to Queen Charlotte's Maternity Hospital, and surgeon to the Chelsea Hospital for Women. After retirement he farmed in Devon. Predeceased by his wife, Audrey, he leaves three sons, and eight grandchildren.
Abstract 3205: Isolating RNA, DNA and protein from the same sample allows correlation of multiple biomarkers
Authors: Richard A. Fekete, Mike Karberg, Angie Cheng, Laura Chapman, Marie Gonzalez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNA, RNA or proteins are routinely analyzed as markers to define the type and state of tumorigenicity. Each of these analytes provide a unique set of information in order to detect differences such as chromosomal mutations, imbalances in gene expression, and changes in protein signaling networks. Limited samples, such as biopsies and small tumors, are a common sample type, however, due to their small size the analysis of more than one of these analytes from the same sample can be challenging. Taking more than one sample (biopsy), or splitting a sample in order to isolate one of these anlaytes from each section raises questions regarding sample heterogeneity. This is particularly important where one section of a tumor may be different from another, and can even provide misleading information regarding the correlation of DNA, RNA or protein markers. Another issue raised with splitting samples is that two of the analytes are lost when the third is isolated. This can lead to the loss of important information, and the low yield can limit the number and methods used for analysis. Being able to analyze DNA, RNA and proteins from the same sample is particularly crucial during biomarker discovery and correlation. Here we describe a new, quick and easy to use method to isolate DNA, RNA and proteins from small sized tumor and normal adjacent tissue and demonstrate that not only is the entire sample maintained giving us more sample for analysis (no analyte is lost when isolating the other), but there is no concern regarding heterogeneity. Using these samples we demonstrate the correlation of DNA, mRNA, miRNA and protein using Next Generation Sequencing, qPCR, Western and ELISA and associate these with tumorigenicity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3205. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3205
THE ESTIMATION OF CIRCULATING ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEX
Authors: L. A. Sternberger, Frank Maltaner, Jacob DeWeerdt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Immune sera were subjected to treatment with alkali in the cold to cause dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes. Precipitates and a capacity to fix complement developed in some of these sera subsequent to such treatment. The specific immunologic nature of these phenomena and their observation in relation to disappearance of free antigen and appearance of free antibody in circulation are discussed. The phenomena observed appear to be consistent with the assumption that a circulating antibody-antigen complex is revealed as a result of treatment.
Freely Accessible Endoscope Channels Improve Efficacy of Cleaning
Authors: B. Dietze, U. Kircheis, I. Schwarz, H. Martiny
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Inadequate cleaning and disinfection of medical devices, including flexible endoscopes, can result in the transmission of micro-organisms to patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the design of medical devices on the efficacy of manual cleaning of endoscope channels.
Differential and limited expression of mutant alleles in multiple myeloma
Authors: Naim U. Rashid, Adam S. Sperling, Niccolo Bolli, David C. Wedge, Peter Van Loo, Yu-Tzu Tai, Masood A. Shammas, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Mehmet K. Samur, Paul G. Richardson, Florence Magrangeas, Stephane Minvielle, P. Andrew Futreal, Kenneth C. Anderson, Herve Avet-Loiseau, Peter J. Campbell, Giovanni Parmigiani, Nikhil C. Munshi
Journal: Blood (2014)
High-Fat and High-Carbohydrate Diets and Energy Balance
Authors: Meena Shah, Abhimanyu Garg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

The current American Diabetes Association guidelines for nutrition recommend a moderate increase in monounsaturated fats and a reduced intake of carbohydrate in patients with diabetes in whom high-carbohydrate diets deteriorate glycemic control and lipoprotein levels. High-fat diets, however, are believed to promote obesity, and some investigators may have reservations recommending such diets. This review thus investigates the role of diet composition in promoting obesity or achieving weight loss and its implications in patients with diabetes. Epidemiological studies show some evidence that fat intake is more importantly related to body weight than carbohydrate intake, but conclusions are weak because confounding variables, such as physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, were generally not controlled for. Metabolic studies under isoenergic conditions report no change in energy balance when fat intake is increased, but report a negative fat balance with substantial increase carbohydrate intake. During overfeeding, excess fat intake is stored as fat, whereas excess carbohydrate is mostly oxidized in the short term but can lead to substantial gain in fat stores because of reduced fat oxidation and considerable de novo lipogenesis in the long term. Spontaneous energy intake, however, is higher on an unrestricted high-fat diet compared with a high-carbohydrate diet, but the long-term effects are not known. Weight-loss intervention studies show that a hypocaloric high-carbohydrate diet is not associated with more weight loss than a high-fat hypocaloric diet. In conclusion, a high-monounsaturated fat diet to control glycemic control and lipoprotein levels in patients with diabetes should not affect weight loss or maintenance, provided that energy intake is carefully controlled.