tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1009-198 Coffee has a more potent effect on arterial stiffness than caffeine
Authors: Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Nikolaos Ioakeimidis, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Foteini Kosmopoulou, Dimitris Tousoulis, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Puma cooperates with Bim, the rate-limiting BH3-only protein in cell death during lymphocyte development, in apoptosis induction
Authors: Miriam Erlacher, Verena Labi, Claudia Manzl, Günther Böck, Alexandar Tzankov, Georg Häcker, Ewa Michalak, Andreas Strasser, Andreas Villunger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

The physiological role of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) homology 3-only proteins has been investigated in mice lacking the individual genes identifying rate-limiting roles for Bim (Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death) and Puma (p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis) in apoptosis induction. The loss of Bim protects lymphocytes from apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation and deregulated Ca++ flux and interferes with the deletion of autoreactive lymphocytes and the shutdown of immune responses. In contrast, Puma is considered the key mediator of p53-induced apoptosis. To investigate the hypothesis that Bim and Puma have overlapping functions, we generated mice lacking both genes and found that bim-/-/puma-/- animals develop multiple postnatal defects that are not observed in the single knockout mice. Most strikingly, hyperplasia of lymphatic organs is comparable with that observed in mice overexpressing Bcl-2 in all hemopoietic cells exceeding the hyperplasia observed in bim-/- mice. Bim and Puma also have clearly overlapping functions in p53-dependent and -independent apoptosis. Their combined loss promotes spontaneous tumorigenesis, causing the malignancies observed in Bcl-2 transgenic mice, but does not exacerbate the autoimmunity observed in the absence of Bim.
Influence of prolonged intracoronary heparin infusion on early and long-term clinical and angiopgraphic outcome in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Imad Sheiban, Claudio Moertti, Massimo Pistono, Kumar Prathap, Alessandro Decio, Roberto Grimaldi, Giacomo Bocuzzi, Gianpaolo Trevi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
A UNIVERSAL LEG FRAME, SPLINT, AND CRADLE COMBINED
Authors: M. J. Chevers
Journal: BMJ (1916)

SPLINT AND CRADLE COMBINED.[XTB 48had disappeared, except the exophthalmos, which persisted.He then went to Switzerland, where some practitioner assured him that ,he could cure the exophthalmos (which was very disfiguring) by injections into the eyeball.An injection was perfoitned into the left'eye, with the result that the sight of that eye was lost.However, he considered himself practically cured of the disease.He was accepted for active service, and was able to carry out arduous and responsible d-uties during the first sixteen months of this campaign.An examination was made of the eyes and the base of the skull to see if any definite anatomical cause could be found for the exophthalmos.The, body was thin, 'bu-t-not emaciated.The eyes were still prominent.There, was no pigmentation of the skin.The fat was of a'deep yellow colour.The +thyroid was 'normal in~size, colloid appeared rather
A METHOD FOR THE PERMANENT STERILE DRAINAGE OF INTRAABDOMINAL DUCTS, AS APPLIED TO THE COMMON DUCT
Authors: Peyton Rous, Philip D. McMaster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

The sheath of omentum that forms about a long rubber tube left within the peritoneal cavity provides so efficient a barrier to ascending infection that such a tube can be employed for the permanent drainage of the common duct, whereas a short tube will regularly come away after a few days. A method is described whereby the total bile of a considerable number of dogs has been obtained in a sterile state during periods up to 3 months. Save for some anemia, the animals remained in good health throughout. The method has obvious uses in connection with the collection of other secretions.
Local free light chain expression is increased in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: T. Groot Kormelink, L. Calus, N. De Ruyck, G. Holtappels, C. Bachert, F. A. Redegeld, P. Gevaert
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Free light chain (FLC) concentrations are demonstrated to be increased in different inflammatory disorders and are proposed to mediate mast cell-dependent immune responses. A role for mast cells is suggested in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), which is characterized by a local Th2 inflammatory response. However, clear mast cell-activating factors are not always apparent. In this study, the presence of FLCs in CRS patients with or without nasal polyps (CRSw/sNP) was investigated and the effect of different treatments on FLC expression was analyzed.Nasal tissue, nasal secretion, and serum of control patients, patients with CRSwNP, and CRSsNP were analyzed for the presence of kappa and lambda FLC. The expression of FLCs in nasal polyp tissue was investigated using immunohistochemistry. In addition, FLC was measured in serum and nasal secretion of nasal polyp patients treated with methylprednisolone, doxycycline, anti-IL-5, or placebo.Free light chain concentrations were increased in nasal secretion and mucosal tissue homogenates in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, and this effect was most prominent in CRSwNP patients. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased FLC concentrations in nasal polyp tissue. In CRSwNP patients, treatment with methylprednisolone or anti-IL-5 resulted in the reduction in systemic or local FLC concentrations, respectively.The presence of FLC in CRSwNP and CRSsNP suggests a possible role in mediating the local immune reaction in the paranasal cavities. Furthermore, the decrease in local FLCs after treatment with anti-IL-5 presumes that IL-5 creates an environment that favors FLC production.
Authorities Address US Drug-Related 'Arms Race'
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1996)

IN THE MID 1980s, the homicide rate for young men increased rapidly, while homicide rates for other age groups remained the same or declined. What triggered this spasm of violent death in the statistical record? There seemed to be general agreement among the professors of law, criminology, economics, and public health at last month's "Conference on Guns and Violence in America," held at Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago, Ill, that the killings began with the emergence of crack cocaine as a major drug of abuse a decade ago (<i>JAMA</i>. 1986;255:1987). Right away, the criminal enterprises that were organized to distribute this popular commodity faced a labor crisis. Street dealers were being imprisoned in record numbers, demand for crack was increasing, and the number of transactions needed to sell the drug in small, affordable quantities had also increased. The solution, according to Alfred Blumstein, PhD, of the Heinz School
Stage II Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome with Unexpected Bone Changes Due to the Use of Walking Crutches
Authors: Ph DECLERCK, C SCHIEPERS, L MORTELMANS, M DE ROO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 14-year-old girl, who had a history of relapsing distorsions of her ankle, developed a clinically proven stage II reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of her right ankle and foot. Physical examination showed a swollen, painful, and cold right ankle and foot with osteoporotic changes on radiograph and hypothermia of the same region on thermography. Three-phase bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP revealed hypoperfusion of the right ankle and foot. Dynamic vascular scintigraphy with Tc-99m HSA confirmed the diminution of blood supply to the aforementioned area. A whole body scan showed that in addition to the diffuse hypoactivity of the right ankle and foot, there were areas of increased uptake in each ulna. This was probably due to the continuous use of walking crutches for more than nine months, resulting in mechanical compression at mid level of the ulnae. The areas of increased tracer activity were localized at the level of the arm piece of the walking crutches.
At Risk in America: The Health and Health Care Needs of Vulnerable Populations in the United States
Authors: William R. Fifer
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Lu Ann Aday, PhD, is a highly respected medical sociologist who is the principal author of eight previous books. She is currently professor of behavioral sciences and management and policy sciences at the University of Texas School of Public Health. She was formerly on the staff of Odin Anderson's Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago, and Professor Anderson contributes a brief foreword to this book.  The author's major theme is the concept of vulnerability, with special emphasis on the health care needs of specific populations. The audience will be the vast array of public health, health care, social science, social work, and policy analysis professionals, academicians, and researchers. It is easy to predict that this book will be a required text for students of these disciplines in virtually every academic setting in the United States.  The author divides the vulnerable into nine population groups, based on the primacy
Intracardiac granulomas: A rare complication of cronic granulomatous disease (GD)
Authors: T.A. Staines-Boone, M.E. Gonzalez-Serrano, A. Morales-Vazquez, N.D. Lopez, F.J. Espinosa-Rosales, V. Hernandez-Bautista
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Reply to D.R. Catchpoole et al
Authors: Branimir I. Sikic, Robert Tibshirani, Norman J. Lacayo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We substantially agree with the comments of Catchpoole et al 1 in response to our editorial.The idea that analyses of multidimensional, highly complex datasets of cancer and host factors will lead to more precise and successful individualized therapies is immensely appealing.We agree that building the algorithms for truly personalized medicine indeed will require paradigm shifts in clinical and translational research.The path to tailored therapies in individuals will be paved in large part by a deeper understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of cancers.Genomics has contributed much to this understanding, as exemplified by the reclassification of breast cancers into many distinct subtypes based on gene expression profiles. 2,3ur endorsement of the so-called virtue of complexity is an appeal to strengthen the scientific rigor of genomic studies in cancer. 4ncreasing the number of patients and samples is necessary but far from sufficient.Other important factors in conducting and reporting such studies include patient stratification, integration of various highthroughput technologies, novel trial designs and bioinformatics approaches, integration of emerging concepts in cancer biology, and transparent and complete presentation of statistical analyses.Despite the limitations of reductionism, genomic signatures derived from such approaches have proved useful in defining risks for relapse and appropriate patients for adjuvant therapies in early-stage breast cancers. 5Moreover, the development of predictive therapeutic biomarkers based on the understanding of molecular pathways, networks, and drug mechanisms has much to contribute to the personalization of cancer therapies, as illustrated by the importance of RAS mutation status in colorectal cancers treated with epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted antibodies. 6ltimately, however, we agree that the development of truly personalized therapies will require ascertaining the key differences among individuals as well as similarities between cohorts within a disease type.Proof that tailoring makes a difference, particularly in a highly curable disease like pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is itself a major challenge in clinical trials designs.
NIH Collaboration With French AIDS Vaccine Researcher Put on Hold Pending Investigation
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

ASSERTIONS by a<i>Chicago Tribune</i>reporter, John Crewdson, have led the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to call a halt to collaboration with a French investigator, Daniel Zagury, MD, Pierre and Marie Curie University of Paris. Crewdson asserts that regulatory requirements for protection of human research subjects were violated (by not obtaining proper approval for clinical studies of a candidate who participates in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] vaccine research). Since the NIH's Office for Protection From Research Risks' investigation is still under way and not expected to be finished before next month, there is no official comment from the Bethesda, Md, campus (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2309-2311). Besides his recent reports and others on AIDS research, Crewdson is the author of a lengthy series of articles, published in the<i>Chicago Tribune</i>in November 1989, that dealt with AIDS research and the controversies surrounding it. The Paris-based national French newspaper<i>Le Monde</i>("The World")
Diabetic Coma Treated with 56,000 Units of Insulin
Authors: J. G. H. Sheppard
Journal: BMJ (1949)

MBM ¶nHbut showed asthenospermia microscopically.In five hours spermatolysis was complete, but in this case the prostatic fluid had no effect on a normal seminal fluid.Case 5.-H.O., aged 30; married eight years.Nothing rele- vant in the history, and physical examination normal.Astheno- spermia was present, and spermatolysis was complete in two hours.Study of these cases suggests that two abnormal spermatozoon types were concerned.In the first type,, as exempli- fied by Cases 3, 4, and 5, oligospermia and hypokinesia were present.Can it be assumed that the factors causing this also caused the spermatolysis ?In the second type, as I wish to thank Dr. Graeme Bentlif,
Deletion of Pten in the mouse enteric nervous system induces ganglioneuromatosis and mimics intestinal pseudoobstruction
Authors: Isabel Puig, Delphine Champeval, Pascal De Santa Barbara, Francis Jaubert, Stanislas Lyonnet, Lionel Larue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Intestinal ganglioneuromatosis is a benign proliferation of nerve ganglion cells, nerve fibers, and supporting cells of the enteric nervous system (ENS) that can result in abnormally large enteric neuronal cells (ENCs) in the myenteric plexus and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction (CIPO). As phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a phosphatase that is critical for controlling cell growth, proliferation, and death, we investigated the role of PTEN in the ENS by generating mice with an embryonic, ENC-selective deletion within the Pten locus. Mutant mice died 2 to 3 weeks after birth, with clinical signs of CIPO and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of ENCs resulting from increased activity of the PI3K/PTEN-AKT-S6K signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that PTEN was only expressed in developing mouse embryonic ENCs from E15.5 and that the rate of ENC proliferation decreased once PTEN was expressed. Specific deletion of the Pten gene in ENCs therefore induced hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the later stages of embryogenesis. This phenotype was reversed by administration of a pharmacological inhibitor of AKT. In some human ganglioneuromatosis forms of CIPO, PTEN expression was found to be abnormally low and S6 phosphorylation increased. Our study thus reveals that loss of PTEN disrupts development of the ENS and identifies the PI3K/PTEN-AKT-S6K signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for ganglioneuromatosis forms of CIPO.
Editor of New England Journal of Medicine departs
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The editor in chief of the New England Journal of Medicine has left his job in a dispute over plans by the journal's publisher to use the journal's name and logo to launch a range of other medical publications that would be only nominally controlled by the journal's top editor.

Dr Jerome Kassirer, the journal's editor in chief of eight years, agreed to step down because of his opposition to plans by the Massachusetts Medical Society, which publishes the medical journal, to launch a family of consumer oriented and specialty specific …
Neonatal Tetany Secondary to Maternal Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Abraham Mizrahi, Arnold P. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1964)

NEONATAL TETANY, a well-known clinical entity, has rarely been shown to be secondary to maternal hyperparathyroidism. Recognition of this relationship is most important, as it may result in the early diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism in the mother and prevention of involvement in future siblings. Friderichsen,<sup>1,2</sup>in 1938, first described the association of neonatal tetany with maternal hyperparathyroidism. It is noteworthy that the infant described by him developed symptoms at five months of age, when cows' milk was substituted for human breast milk. Walton,<sup>3</sup>subsequently reported the occurrence of severe tetany in two premature siblings; their mother was found to have a parathyroid adenoma, which was surgically extirpated. Talbot and associates,<sup>4</sup>briefly described two neonates with tetany at two days of age, born to mothers with hyperparathyroidism. Van Arsdell, Jr.,<sup>5</sup>in 1955, also alluded to maternal hyperparathyroidism as a cause of neonatal tetany. He reported a woman with
The Current Outbreak of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections
Authors: H. W. Haverkos, J. W. Curran
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1982)

The data suggest that: The recent outbreak of KS and PCP is a single epidemic, that of immunosuppression among homosexual men and drug abusers. The public health significance of this epidemic is probably underestimated, and clinicians should be alert to more subtle indications of immunosuppression, such as nonfatal opportunistic infections, unexplained lymphadenopathy, or other tumors. Opportunities to clarify the relationships between the environment, immunology, cancer, and infections make this outbreak scientifically important. The sudden and highly focal occurrence of these illnesses among homosexual men and drug addicts suggests a potential for their prevention if risk factors or etiologic agent(s) can be identified. The staggering morbidity and mortality associated with this outbreak dictate immediate concerted efforts to identify risk factors.
REMOVAL OF TONSILLAR HYPERTROPHY BY ELECTRO-CAUTERY DISSECTION.Read before the Chicago Medical Society, October 6, 1890.
Authors: EDWIN PYNCHON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

The anatomy and physiology of the tonsil I will not attempt in this paper to consider except with brevity. As to size, in the thoroughly nor mal condition, its presence is hardly perceptible. As usually described in treatises on anatomy it would appear that a moderate degree of hyper trophy has been accepted as the type of perfection. As far back as medical history goes allusions are to be met with concerning the enlarged tonsil, and the means adopted in the attempt at its removal. The physiology of the tonsil is not thoroughly understood. It has been supposed to be of assistance in lubricating and guiding the bolus of food being swallowed. In civilized life it seems to be devoid of practical use and appears to be but rudimentary, and as a reminder of a something which in prehistoric days may have been required, when man lived on fruits and
MCC-134, a Single Pharmacophore, Opens Surface ATP–Sensitive Potassium Channels, Blocks Mitochondrial ATP–Sensitive Potassium Channels, and Suppresses Preconditioning
Authors: Norihito Sasaki, Mitsushige Murata, Yiru Guo, Su-Hyun Jo, Andreas Ohler, Masaharu Akao, Brian O’Rourke, Rui-Ping Xiao, Roberto Bolli, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2003)

MCC-134 (1-[4-(H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoyl]-N-methylcyclobutane-carbothioamide), a newly developed analog of aprikalim, opens surface smooth muscle-type ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels but inhibits pancreatic K(ATP) channels. However, the effects of MCC-134 on cardiac surface K(ATP) channels and mitochondrial K(ATP) (mitoK(ATP)) channels are unknown. A mixed agonist/blocker with differential effects on the two channel types would help to clarify the role of K(ATP) channels in cardioprotection.To index mitoK(ATP) channels, we measured mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence in rabbit ventricular myocytes. MCC-134 alone had little effect on basal flavoprotein fluorescence. However, MCC-134 inhibited diazoxide-induced flavoprotein oxidation in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50)=27 micro mol/L). When ATP was included in the pipette solution, MCC-134 slowly activated surface K(ATP) currents with some delay (>10 minutes). These results indicate that MCC-134 is a mitoK(ATP) channel inhibitor and a surface K(ATP) channel opener in native cardiac cells. In cell-pelleting ischemia assays, coapplication of MCC-134 with diazoxide abolished the cardioprotective effect of diazoxide, whereas MCC-134 alone did not alter cell death. These results were reproducible in both rabbit and mouse myocytes. MCC-134 also attenuated the effect of ischemic preconditioning against myocardial infarction in mice, consistent with the results of cell-pelleting ischemia assays.A single drug, MCC-134, opens surface K(ATP) channels but blocks mitoK(ATP) channels; the fact that this drug inhibits preconditioning reaffirms the primacy of mitoK(ATP) rather than surface K(ATP), channels in the mechanism of cardioprotection.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Prevent Hepatocarcinogenesis and Prolong Survival of Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Takumi Kawaguchi, Koichi Shiraishi, Toshifumi Ito, Kazutomo Suzuki, Chizu Koreeda, Takaaki Ohtake, Motoh Iwasa, Yoshio Tokumoto, Ryujin Endo, Nao-hiro Kawamura, Makoto Shiraki, Daiki Habu, Satoru Tsuruta, Yoshiyuki Miwa, Atsushi Kawaguchi, Tatsuyuki Kakuma, Hironori Sakai, Norifumi Kawada, Tatsunori Hanai, Shin-ichi Takahashi, Akinobu Kato, Morikazu Onji, Yoshiyuki Takei, Yutaka Kohgo, Toshihito Seki, Masaya Tamano, Kazuhiro Katayama, Tetsuya Mine, Michio Sata, Hisataka Moriwaki, Kazuyuki Suzuki
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Early transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease (EVD), West Africa, March to August 2014
Authors: H Nishiura, G Chowell
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

The effective reproduction number, R t , of Ebola virus disease was estimated using country-specific data reported from Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone to the World Health Organization from March to August, 2014. R t for the three countries lies consistently above 1.0 since June 2014. Country-specific R t for Liberia and Sierra Leone have lied between 1.0 and 2.0. R t &lt;2 indicate that control could be attained by preventing over half of the secondary transmissions per primary case.
Chemotherapy-related bilateral dermatitis associated with eccrine squamous syringometaplasia: Reappraisal of epidemiological, clinical, and pathological features
Authors: Antonio Martorell-Calatayud, Onofre Sanmartín, Rafael Botella-Estrada, Nicole N. Balmer, Carlos Serra-Guillén, Elisabeth Gomez-Moyano, Victor Traves-Zapata, Celia Requena, Eduardo Nagore, Beatriz Llombart-Cussac, Carlos Guillen-Barona
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)