tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Mountain Sickness in a General Tourist Population at Moderate Altitudes
Authors: Benjamin Honigman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the incidence of acute mountain sickness in a general population of visitors to moderate elevations, the characteristics associated with it, and its effect on physical activity. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Resort communities located at 6300 to 9700 feet elevation in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Participants: Convenience sample of 3158 adult travelers, 16 to 87 years old (mean age [SD], 43.8 11.8 years). Results: Twenty-five percent of the travelers to moderate elevations developed acute mountain sickness, which occurred in 65% of travelers within the first 12 hours of arrival. Fifty-six percent of those with symptoms reduced their physical activity. The odds favoring acute mountain sickness were 3.5 times as large for visitors whose permanent residence was below 3000 feet elevation as for those whose residence was above 3000 feet; 2.8 times as large for visitors with previous symptoms of acute mountain sickness; and twice as large in travelers younger than 60 years. Women, obese persons, those in poor or average physical condition, and those with underlying lung disease also had a higher occurrence of acute mountain sickness (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Acute mountain sickness occurs in 25% of visitors to moderate altitudes and affects activity in most symptomatic visitors. Persons who are younger, less physically fit, live at sea level, have a history of acute mountain sickness, or have underlying lung problems more often develop these symptoms.
Diagnostic Considerations in Hypercalcemia
Authors: William C. Thomas, Thomas B. Connor, H. Gemmell Morgan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DESPITE knowledge that hypercalcemia, regardless of cause, is injurious and potentially lethal, there is wide variation in the diligence with which its presence or absence is determined in patients having suggestive manifestations of this disorder. A persistently high concentration of serum calcium is conducive to renal damage, calculus formation and vicarious calcification.1 , 2 In addition, anorexia, nausea and vomiting are exceedingly common complaints of patients with hypercalcemia, and physicians need be aware that such symptoms may herald the onset of a rapidly fatal course. Indeed, in those with markedly increased concentrations of serum calcium (usually in the range of 15 to . . .
Selective killing of oncogenically transformed cells through a ROS-mediated mechanism by β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate
Authors: Dunyaporn Trachootham, Yan Zhou, Hui Zhang, Yusuke Demizu, Zhao Chen, Helene Pelicano, Paul J. Chiao, Geetha Achanta, Ralph B. Arlinghaus, Jinsong Liu, Peng Huang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
FAILURES OF MIDWIVES IN ASEPSIS.
Authors: C. S. BACON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The need of this movement, that we now assist in inaugurating, which contemplates the control of the practice of midwives, is generally acknowledged. The credit for its origination belongs wholly to our experienced Assistant Health Commissioner, Dr. Reilly. It is the first practical and promising attempt in America to regulate midwife practice. I believe that we, the members of the staff, have an unusual opportunity to do a valuable service to the community. Our work is humanitarian and based upon humanitarian motives. I believe that the chief consideration that induced each of us to enter into this work was that of benefiting the community. No doubt the legitimate desire to enlarge our experience through the observation of unusual and interesting cases had its influence on all of us; also the advantage to be gained through association with others interested in the same specialty. Yet back of all was the fact
Parental allergic disease before and after child birth poses similar risk for childhood allergies
Authors: E. Fuertes, M. Standl, A. von Berg, I. Lehmann, B. Hoffmann, C.‐P. Bauer, S. Koletzko, D. Berdel, J. Heinrich
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Whether the strength of associations between parental and child allergic diseases differs by whether the first onset of the parental disease is before or after a child's birth has never been examined and is the aim of this study. Yearly childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema diagnoses were longitudinally regressed against the effect of a parental disease (pre- vs post-child birth) of the same type separately for each parent using generalized estimation equations. Both a maternal and paternal history of asthma were associated with childhood asthma prevalence up to 15 years of age. Effect estimates were similar for parental asthma with first onset before and after the birth of the child. The results for allergic rhinitis and eczema were less consistent. Parental allergic diseases with first onsets before and after the birth of a child both pose risks to childhood allergic disease in the offspring, especially for asthma.
Effect of Normoglycemia Before Conception on Early Pregnancy Hormone Profiles
Authors: V Daniel Castracane, Lois Jovanovic, James L Mills
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Insulin-dependent diabetic women have been shown to have subnormal hormone levels in the first trimester of pregnancy. To determine whether these abnormalities were the result of poor diabetes control, testosterone, androstenedione, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and prolactin were studied longitudinally in diabetic women made normoglycemic before conception (N = 11) and normal (N = 6) control subjects beginning at the fifth week of gestation. HCG levels rose normally in all 11 diabetic and six control subjects and then declined as expected, with peak levels between 8 and 12 wk of gestation. Prolactin levels similarly rose significantly (P less than 0.00001) during the period studied. Plasma androstenedione did not increase during the course of this study, but testosterone levels increased significantly (P = 0.0001). Androgen levels were consistently higher in diabetic subjects despite the normoglycemic state, although the differences reached statistical significance at only one point. This study demonstrates that when normoglycemia is achieved before conception, HCG and prolactin are normal at 5 wk after the last menstrual period. The possibility that androgen levels may be higher in insulin-requiring diabetic women, perhaps due to peripheral hyperinsulinemia, should be explored.
Bayesian Analysis and the GUSTO Trial
Authors: Richard H. Browne
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Brophy and Joseph<sup>1</sup>propose the use of Bayesian methods as an alternative to classical methods for statistically analyzing clinical trial data. They indicate (correctly) that researchers want to say, "There's a 98% probability of t-PA mortality being less than SK mortality." Bayesian methods seem to provide this capability, using the same mathematics that allow us to use screening tests to conclude that there is a 92% chance that a patient with a positive test result has a particular disease. However, the mathematics that allow the latter declaration are based on frequencies of occurrence, and even classical statisticians agree with that. When modern Bayesians include a "prior probability distribution for the belief in the truth of a hypothesis," they are actually creating a metaphysical model of attitude change that borrows from the familiar world of frequency-based probabilities. The result (eg, probability oft-PA mortality being lower than
Unscientific Cultism: "Dangerous to Your Health!"
Authors: Ray L. Casterline
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Placards proclaiming "More than 100,000 Physicians Have Stopped Smoking" first appeared several years ago and "reruns" of that comment remain popular. Whether more than the<i>first</i>100,000 have stopped smoking, or even if some of them have resumed smoking, is not the point of this commentary. But it does seem reasonable to presume that the cigarette package "warning" of such an authoritarian figure as the Surgeon General would be heeded by a substantial number of physicians. And by an even greater number of others. The Surgeon General nominally heads the United States Public Health Service, a segment of the sprawling Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW), which has the facilities and staff to evaluate and report on almost any segment of American life. For example, in 1967 Congress requested that HEW conduct an independent unbiased study of chiropractic. The 1968 report of that study concluded: Chiropractic theory and practice
Targeting delivery of anti-TNF oligonucleotide into activated colonic macrophages protects against experimental colitis
Authors: L. Zuo, Z. Huang, L. Dong, L. Xu, Y. Zhu, K. Zeng, C. Zhang, J. Chen, J. Zhang
Journal: Gut (2009)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a focal point of the inflammatory cascade in Crohn9s disease (CD). As an emerging approach to block cytokines, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) has developed quickly, but is thwarted by a key obstacle—safe and effective delivery to specified cells. Here a novel nano-complex, based on galactosylated low molecular weight chitosan (gal-LMWC) and an ASO against TNFα, is presented which may be effective for CD treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the targeting delivery ability of the gal-LMWC/ASO complex into activated macrophages and its potential therapeutic action in experimental colitis. <h3>Methods</h3> Gal-LMWC was associated with ASO to form a stable nano-complex and the complex was injected into mice by intracolonic administration. Cellular localisation of the gal-LMWC/ASO complex in the colon was determined. The therapeutic effects were further studied in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis and CD4<sup>+</sup>CD45RB<sup>hi</sup> T cell transfer colitis. <h3>Results</h3> Intracolonic administration of the gal-LMWC/ASO complex resulted in the successful delivery of ASO into activated colonic macrophages and a significant reduction of colonic TNFα in mice with colitis. A single injection in TNBS colitis or repeated treatment in CD45RB<sup>hi</sup> transfer colitis both significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of the wasting disease, reduced tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines and abrogated body weight loss, diarrhoea and intestinal protein loss. <h3>Conclusions</h3> It is the first time a non-viral gene vector has been combined with an ASO targeted to activated macrophages in the treatment of CD. The inhibition of TNFα by this strategy represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of CD.
Herd Immunity in Rubella
Authors: Phillip H. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Plotkin's EDITORIAL (<b>215</b>:1492, 1971) implies that no one has seen "herd immunity" in rubella. This is incorrect. The fact that adult Americans reach the age of child bearing without having contracted the disease is evidence that they had personally been protected from exposure to natural infection by herd immunity. In other words, recurrent epidemics of rubella have never infected all susceptibles in the United States, hence the present problem with adult susceptibility is the result of herd immunity. Plotkin would be correct if he said that the effects of herd immunity reinforced by immunization have not yet been assessed.
Antitumor Effects of Mucin 1/sec Involves the Modulation of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 Expression in Tumor Cells
Authors: Dan Ilkovitch, Mary Ellen Handel-Fernandez, Lynn M. Herbert, Diana M. Lopez
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Expression of the transmembrane isoform of Mucin 1 (MUC1/TM) in an aggressive murine mammary tumor line, DA-3, does not alter tumor development and metastasis, leading to death of the host. However, tumor cells expressing a secreted isoform of MUC1 (MUC1/sec) fail to develop tumors in immunocompetent mice. The rejection of MUC1/sec-expressing tumor cells is immunologically mediated, as, initially, innate cells and, ultimately, T cells are required. After gene array analysis, and confirmation at the protein level, it was discovered that MUC1/sec-expressing tumor cells (DA-3/sec) have a significant reduction in expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) relative to the parental tumor line and tumor cells expressing MUC1/TM. The serine protease uPA has been found to be involved in growth-promoting signaling, angiogenesis, and induction of matrix remodeling leading to metastasis. Although the tumor-promoting Stat3 transcription factor was unaltered in these tumor cells, the tumor-suppressive and IFN-responsive signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) is dramatically up-regulated in DA-3/sec cells. In addition, treatment of various murine and human cell lines with conditioned medium containing MUC1/sec results in up-regulation of Stat1. DA-3/sec tumor cells are also sensitized to the antiproliferative effects of IFN-γ. Furthermore, transfection of the Stat1 gene into DA-3 tumor cells leads to a down-regulation of uPA and delays tumor progression. Thus, Stat1 up-regulation in DA-3/sec cells seems to play a significant role in the mechanism(s) by which rejection of tumor cells expressing MUC1/sec may be occurring. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2427–35]
Alkalinizing the intralysosomal pH inhibits degranulation of human neutrophils.
Authors: M S Klempner, B Styrt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Degranulation of lysosomes is one of the consequences of neutrophil activation. Regulatory mechanisms of lysosomal secretion are thought to be localized largely in the plasma membrane and cytosol, with the lysosome playing a passive role in secretion. Recent evidence indicates that the intralysosomal pH is highly acidic (pH congruent to 5.5) and is maintained by active transport of H+. We investigated whether changes in the intralysosomal pH altered the availability of lysosomes for exocytosis. Intralysosomal pH in intact neutrophils was monitored with the weakly basic fluorescent probe, 9-aminoacridine (9AA). The weak bases, methylamine, chloroquine, clindamycin, propanolol, and ammonium chloride (0.1-50 mM), caused an alkalinization of the intralysosomal pH as determined by reversal of quenching of 9AA fluorescence. Similarly, each of the weak bases, including ammonium chloride, methylamine, chloroquine, ethylamine, propylamine, propanolol, clindamycin, and dansylcadaverine, inhibited neutrophil degranulation in response to the calcium ionophore A23187, phorbol myristate acetate, or the chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine plus cytochalasin B. These studies indicate that an acid intralysosomal pH is important to the neutrophil secretory response and suggest that the lysosome may play an active part in control of degranulation.
Attenuated Infection: The Germ Theory in Contemporary Perspective
Authors: James A. Curtin
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This work is a compilation and analysis of data concerning the host-parasite relationship. The author considers attenuated infection to be a "state of truce or peaceful coexistence between the host and the infecting agent." This phenomenon is manifested in the carrier state, microbial persistence, and latent infections. Many experimental and clinical observations pertinent to the problem have been reviewed and are discussed at length. A single volume summing up this complicated literature should be welcome in the field of infectious diseases. In some ways this book fulfills its purpose. Dr. Simon clearly defines his terms in the introduction and uses them in a consistent manner throughout the text. The approach is logical and orderly, indicating care and forethought. Examples given to support a point are lucid. The list of references and the bibliographic index are of value. The major shortcoming is a lack of restraint on the part of the
Interest Heightens in Defining, Preventing AIDS in High-Risk Adolescent Population
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ALTHOUGH the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic has been developing for years, the main focus has been on adults with the disease and secondarily on children. Until the last year or two, little attention has been paid to adolescents. This may seem reasonable if one considers that just 1% of reported AIDS cases occur in those 13 to 21 years old. However, an increasing number of cases, the realization that most young adults were infected during adolescence, and the recognition that certain behavioral and psychological factors put adolescents at high risk have increased interest in defining and preventing the disease in this age group. Some attention was drawn to this problem at the Fourth International Conference on AIDS held in Stockholm, Sweden (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;260:757-758). During the last year, additional information has been gathered, but much remains to be learned, and even more remains to be done to contain the epidemic
An "Epidemic" of Scabies
Authors: Laszlo Biro
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A few recent articles report the sudden upsurge of scabies throughout the world. This letter describes an epidemic involving a 300-bed community hospital. The patient reponsible for the epidemic was a 70-year-old man who went on a cruise with his wife in the spring of 1973. He suffered a stroke the very last day of his cruise and was bedridden on board ship. By the time he arrived in New York City, neurologic symptoms had improved, but a generalized eczematous eruption with marked pruritus was diagnosed as neurodermatitis. At the same time this patient's wife also complained of pruritus that had been more intense at night. However, she suffered no rash except for a few scratch marks. The patient was hospitalized because of a second stroke, and approximately three weeks after admission, his physician developed a pruritic eruption accompanied by the appearance of a rash. And within
Making Sense of Group A Streptococcus Scare
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THE RECENT RINGING in physicians' ears has nothing to do with tinnitus. It's the sound of fearful patients calling for reassurance that a so-called flesh-eating strain of streptococcus will not strike them and their families like a thief in the night. "Physicians are being inundated with phone calls," says Stanford Shulman, MD, professor of pediatrics and associate dean of Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill. Many of those calls, Shulman explains, are from parents whose children have chicken pox. Harboring fears fueled by exaggerated news accounts, they worry that a severe, invasive strain of group A strep will find a portal through the varicella vesicles. Other parents want to know how to prevent a deadly strep infection if a child suffers a scraped knee during a fall from a bicycle. Some patients call to find out if it's safe to travel to England, where the bacterial buzz started in late
Characterization of a distinct nuclear acidic protein antigen (MA) and clinical findings in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with MA antibodies.
Authors: D M Winn, J F Wolfe, D Harmon, G C Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Circulating antibodies against certain nuclear acidic protein antigens have been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic importance in connective tissue disease. We describe a new precipitin system found in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The antigen, called MA, was prepared from calf thymus nuclei, and was shown to be distinct from other nuclear acidic protein antigens by physicochemical and immunologic techniques. MA antibodies were detected in the serum of 12 of 66 lupus patients and in none of 554 sera from normal controls or patients with other rheumatic diseases. Lupus patients having MA antibodies had more severe disease than did lupus patients with Sm or native DNA antibodies, manifested by recalcitrant skin rashes and a significantly greater incidence of hypocomplementemia, serious renal disease, hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and neurological disease (P values range from 0.025 to 0.005). The presence of circulating MA antigen was demonstrated in three lupus patients immediately before a flare of nephritis. These data suggest that MA is a nuclear acidic protein antigen that may identify a subset of lupus patients with very severe disease. The presence of the antigen in the circulation before clinical flares suggests a possible biologic role for the MA system in an immune complex nephritis.
Marshall Nairne Fulton, M.A.C.P., 1899-1977
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Editorial Notes1 November 1977Marshall Nairne Fulton, M.A.C.P., 1899-1977EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.EDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-630 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMany of today's readers of this journal are not likely to know the name of Marshall Fulton because his eminence in affairs of the American College of Physicians was mainly in the 1950s and early 1960s. He last contributed to the work of the College as Chairman of the Committee on Publications, 1962-1969. He was proud of the College, its goals, its programs, its membership, but particularly of this journal. His constant concern as Chairman was that the Editor, Dr. J. Russell Elkinton, receive the financial and staff support needed for the work of the editorial office in shaping... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUnusual reaction of N-aroyldihydrocyclopenta-pyrazolidinol with ketenes: formation of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5Page: 630-630 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Wegener’s Granulomatosis Causing Main Stem Bronchial Stenosis and Large Perfusion—Ventilation Defects
Authors: TRINE STAVNGAARD, JANN MORTENSEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, The Center for Imaging, Informatics and Engineering in Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark Received for publication August 21, 2001. Revision accepted December 19, 2001. Correspondence: Trine Stavngaard, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine 4011, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: [email protected]
Continuous Monitoring of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Marvin M. Nachlas, David I. Miller, Melvin P. Siedband
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A 32-month experience with the problems involved in the creation of a coronary care unit (CCU) and in continuous electrocardiographic monitoring showed that such a specialized area can be established in any hospital without undue structural changes or inordinately expensive equipment. While we cannot claim to have altered significantly the survival rate of patients sustaining cardiac arrest in our CCU, we did observe that the mortality rates were lower among those patients who were monitored continuously. Delay in the institution of therapy is known to constitute the greatest obstacle to successful resuscitation. Since recovery has been possible when treatment was started early, under circumstances where the likelihood of success seemed remote, the problem is not to select which cases might be revived and which are hopeless, but rather to place all patients with acute myocardial infarction during their high-risk period in an area where monitoring instruments, trained personnel, and the required therapeutic equipment are readily available.