tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Sphingomyelin Synthesis Reduces Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E–Knockout Mice
Authors: Tae-Sik Park, Robert L. Panek, Sandra Bak Mueller, Jeffrey C. Hanselman, Wendy S. Rosebury, Andrew W. Robertson, Erick K. Kindt, Reynold Homan, Sotirios K. Karathanasis, Mark D. Rekhter
Journal: Circulation (2004)

In clinical studies, sphingomyelin (SM) plasma levels correlated with the occurrence of coronary heart disease independently of plasma cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that inhibition of SM synthesis would have antiatherogenic effects. To test this hypothesis, apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout (KO) mice were treated with myriocin, a potent inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in SM biosynthesis.Diet-admix treatment of apoE-KO mice with myriocin in Western diet for 12 weeks lowered SM and sphinganine plasma levels. Decreases in sphinganine and SM concentrations were also observed in the liver and aorta of myriocin-treated animals compared with controls. Inhibition of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels. Cholesterol distribution in lipoproteins demonstrated a decrease in beta-VLDL and LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol. Oil red O staining of total aortas demonstrated reduction of atherosclerotic lesion coverage in the myriocin-treated group. Atherosclerotic plaque area was also reduced in the aortic root and brachiocephalic artery.Inhibition of de novo SM biosynthesis in apoE-KO mice lowers plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, raises HDL cholesterol, and prevents development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Effect of rhDNase on airflow obstruction and mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis.
Authors: B L Laube, R M Auci, D E Shields, D H Christiansen, M K Lucas, H J Fuchs, B J Rosenstein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We tested the hypothesis that recombinant human deoxyribonuclease 1 (rhDNase) reduces airflow obstruction and improves mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and that improvements seen in FEV1 and FVC after rhDNase treatment are independent of chest physical therapy (CPT). CF patients inhaled placebo (10 patients) or 2.5 mg rhDNAse aerosol (10 patients) twice a day for six consecutive days. Compared with baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between the two study groups by Day 6 for indices of airflow obstruction obtained from gamma-camera images of the right lung following inhalation of 99mTc aerosol, or for mucociliary clearance or the rate of clearance of the radioaerosol, quantified over a 6-h period. By Day 6, FEV1 and FVC were significantly higher in the rhDNase-treated group than in the placebo group, increasing by an average of 9.4 +/- 3.5% and 12.7 +/- 2.6%, respectively, as compared with a decrease of 1.8 +/- 1.7% and an increase of 0.4 +/- 1.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the FEV1/FVC ratio on Day 6 (0.68 +/- 0.05) compared with baseline (0.70 +/- 0.05) in the rhDNase group. On Day 6, FEV1 and FVC decreased after CPT in both study groups, but the decreases were not significant. Our results indicate that aerosolized rhDNase improves FEV1 and FVC independent of CPT. We were unable to demonstrate that rhDNase reduces airflow obstruction or improves mucociliary clearance.
The role of environmental factors in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an unresolved issue.
Authors: M R Kraine, R M Tisch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of the insulin-secreting beta cells found in the islets of Langerhans. Reduced beta-cell mass results in overt diabetes, requiring lifelong exogenous insulin administration and the possibility of numerous sequelae. Incidence and development of IDDM depend upon a variety of genetic and nongenetic factors. Environmental factors such as chemicals, diet, and infection are suspected to influence the development of disease. This review describes the work performed to date to elucidate the role of these environmental factors in IDDM.
Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in monotherapy, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (the STREAM study): evidence of safety and efficacy in a 5-year extension study
Authors: N Nishimoto, N Miyasaka, K Yamamoto, S Kawai, T Takeuchi, J Azuma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 5-year, long-term tocilizumab monotherapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.In an open-label, long-term extension trial following an initial 3-month randomised phase II trial, 143 of the 163 patients who participated in the initial blinded study received tocilizumab monotherapy (8 mg/kg) every 4 weeks. Concomitant therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or oral prednisolone (10 mg daily maximum) was permitted. All patients were evaluated with American College of Rheumatology (ACR) improvement criteria, disease activity score (DAS) in 28 joints, and the European League Against Rheumatism response, as well as for safety issues.143 patients were enrolled in the open-label, long-term extension trial and 94 (66%) patients had completed 5 years as of March 2007. 32 patients (22%) withdrew from the study due to adverse events and one patient (0.7%) due to unsatisfactory response. 14 patients withdrew because of the patient's request or other reasons. The serious adverse event rate was 27.5 events per 100 patient-years, with 5.7 serious infections per 100 patient-years, based on a total tocilizumab exposure of 612 patient-years. Of the 88 patients receiving corticosteroids at baseline, 78 (88.6%) were able to decrease their corticosteroid dose and 28 (31.8%) discontinued corticosteroids. At 5 years, 79/94 (84.0%), 65/94 (69.1%) and 41/94 (43.6%) of the patients achieved ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 improvement criteria, respectively. Remission defined as DAS28 less than 2.6 was achieved in 52/94 (55.3%) of the patients.In this 5-year extension study, tocilizumab demonstrated sustained long-term efficacy and a generally good safety profile.
Bone Imaging and Congenital Hemihypertrophy
Authors: WILLIAM FONG, WALTER HAINDL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Congenital hemihypertrophy is most likely caused by faulty cell division of the zygote that results in two daughter cell lines of unequal size. The difference is usually greatest in the extremities. The bones of the large side are longer and thicker than their counterparts and may differ in osseous maturation. Paired internal organs are sometimes of unequal size. An 11-year-old girl with congenital right hemihypertrophy and recent onset of low back pain underwent Tc-99m MDP bone imaging, which showed no significant abnormality in the lumbar region. However, it did demonstrate the bone scan appearance of congenital hemihypertrophy.
Inv (11)(p15q21) in donor‐derived Ph‐negative cells in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia in relapse successfully treated with imatinib mesylate post allogeneic stemcell transplantation
Authors: Bruno C. Medeiros, Kathy Chun, Suzanne Kamel‐Reid, Jeffrey Lipton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the standard first‐line treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Surprisingly, 2–15% of patients achieving a complete cytogenetic response develop cytogenetic abnormalities in Philadelphia (Ph)‐negative cells. Following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), IM induces complete molecular responses (CMR) in ∼70% patients with relapsed CML, and no IM‐related cytogenetic abnormalities in Ph‐negative donor‐derived cells have been described after HSCT. We report a 56‐year‐old female who presented with a relapse from CML in September 2002. She had received a matched related HSCT for CML in chronic phase. Donor lymphocyte infusion was given 3 years post‐HSCT for a relapse. Sustained CMR was achieved within 3 months of initiation of IM. In October 2005, routine evaluation demonstrated continuous CMR, full male donor engraftment and an inv (11) on donor cells. Evaluation of the donor demonstrated no dysplasia or cytogenetic abnormalities. This observation reinforces the possibility that IM therapy may be casually linked to the phenomenon of secondary cytogenetic changes in diploid cells. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TRAUMATIC PERIPHERAL NERVE INJURIES
Authors: FREDERICK G. DYAS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our purpose in this communication is to invite attention to the increasing frequency of peripheral nerve injuries as the result of automobile accidents. Lacerated wounds caused by flying glass frequently produce scars that contract and impinge on important nerve trunks. The resulting paralysis simulates closely division of the involved nerves. The following case is illustrative of the difficulties of diagnosis in cases of constricting scars and the brilliant results obtained by liberation of the compressed nerve trunk. <h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. J. R., aged 27, admitted to the hospital, May 9, 1932, had suffered a severe laceration of the right forearm in an automobile accident seven months previously. There is no definite information as to whether the disability came on immediately or began at a later date. The wound was immediately repaired and the arm put in a cast. On removal of the cast she first recognized her inability to use her
Lymph Node Biopsy
Authors: Richard D. Brunning
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The author's purpose in this text is to present a book that is inclusive, practically oriented, well illustrated, and of assistance to the practicing pathologist who must evaluate lymph node biopsies. Dr Ioachim has admirably fulfilled his primary goals in this well-organized and generally well-illustrated text. The book is divided into eight sections and includes discussions of normal lymph node architecture, the lymph node biopsy, the lymphadenitides and lymphadenopathies, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, lymphomasleukemias, and node involvement by metastatic tumor. The chapters on the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and leukemias include discussions of relevant immunologic concepts. Because this book strives to be inclusive, there is a problem of balance. Six pages are devoted to both luetic lymphadenitis and the very important entity of angioimmuno-blastic lymphadenopathy. This lack of balance is partially offset by the author's ability to distill the more important features of a disease into a few pages. The new international
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: development of xanthogranuloma in a boy at puberty under long-term low-density lipoprotein apheresis and drug therapy
Authors: M. Saito, Y. Tada, M. Harada-Shiba, A. Yamamoto, N. Kusakabe, M. Yokogawa, H. Kodama, H. Asada, S. Miyagawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Sir, Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetic disorder transmitted by an autosomal dominant trait for which the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors are defective.1 We report a child with homozygous FH in whom unusual disseminated xanthogranulomas developed during intensive long‐term treatment with LDL apheresis and drug therapy. In August 2001, a 16‐year‐old Japanese boy was referred with a 2‐month history of numerous papular lesions. These were discrete, erythematous or brown‐coloured papules and nodules measuring 2–10 mm in diameter, first involving the right forearm and then spreading to the face, trunk and extremities (Fig. 1). No mucosal lesions were observed. The patient, the second child of a family with type IIa hypercholesterolaemia previously designated K.I.K.,2 had been found to be homozygous for a splice site mutation in intron 12 of the LDL receptor gene. His elder sister, the proband, in whom tuberous xanthomas appeared on the extremities shortly after the age of 1 year, was also homozygous for the same mutation. His parents were heterozygotes, having hypercholesterolaemia without xanthomas. At birth, the patient's serum total cholesterol concentration was 950 mg dL−1. Following the administration of probucol 80 mg daily, beginning at the age of 16 months, his serum cholesterol concentration decreased to about 600 mg dL−1. Achilles tendon xanthomas which developed at around 1 year old disappeared after 3 years of treatment with probucol. Since the age of 6 years, his serum cholesterol level had been maintained within the range 100–360 mg dL−1 by long‐term weekly LDL apheresis combined with probucol and simvastatin therapy.
Principles of Surgery
Authors: Berkeley Brandt
Journal: JAMA (1984)

ABSTRACT Principles of Surgery Companion Handbook, edited by Seymour I. Schwartz, 6th ed, 771 pp, soft-cover, $27.50, ISBN 0-07056055-2, New York, NY, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co, 1994.This is the latest edition of what is now a standard surgical textbook. The editors claim that it is the most extensive revision to date. It is the 25th anniversary edition, and, in addition to new material, it has a number of new authors.The basic layout remains the same. Part 1, Basic Considerations, has 12 chapters, six of which have new authors. It includes the usual subjects, such as Fluids and Electrolytes and Nutrition, Wound Care, Complications, and Infections. Other, more specific chapter subjects are Trauma, Oncology, and Transplantation. All are well done and well illustrated. The chapter on infections has several very useful charts on antibiotics. Virtually all the chapters have new information, and part 1 is longer than that in the previous
Comparision of two different primer sets for PCR detection of transfusion transmitted virus DNA in blood donors, hemodialysis patients and patients with thalassemia major, chronic HBV and HCV infection
Authors: H. Verdi, Ö. Uzunalimoǧlu, S. Çaǧsin, H. Bozkaya, C. Yurdaydin, A.M. Bozdayi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Post-cricoid Carcinoma in Patients with Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: A. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1962)

Post-cricoid carcinoma occurs mainly in women and is often associated with a history of iron-deficiency anaemia.In some cases dysphagia has been present for many years.An association of this type of cancer with pernicious anaemia is not generally recognized.A recent study of 93 cases of post-cricoid carcinoma (Jacobs, 1961a) showed that 29 had suffered from iron-deficiency anaemia and that five were being treated for pernicious anaemia.In two of these five cases the full notes of the original haematological investigations are unobtainable, so that the diagnosis cannot now be fully established.Details of the other cases are reported here and discussed in the light of current views on the aetiology of post-cricoid carcinoma.Case 1 A married woman aged 51 was first seen at St. Mary's Hospital in July, 1950.She had not felt well for over a year, and in the last three months had been short of breath after exercise and had noticed some swelling of her ankles.
TRACTION AND SUSPENSION
Authors: JOSEPH A. BLAKE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Some of the advantages of the treatment of fractures by traction and suspension are that:   A preliminary reduction is not necessary, reduction being accomplished by the treatment itself.  No anesthetic is required because traction produces immobilization thus relieving pain, except in exceptional cases where very strong tractive effort is made. In these cases, the pain is not so severe but that it can be controlled by the administration of morphine.  The limb is not surrounded by any retentive apparatus; consequently, it is open for inspection or massage, and for dressing of wounds if they are present.  Traction combined with suspension, as a rule, permits motion in the neighboring articulations, so that these joints preserve their function; therefore the patient is able to use the limb normally as soon as consolidation is accomplished.  Owing to the preservation of the circulation and nutrition of the limb, repair is hastened.   It has been
International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: GARY R. NOBLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Article1 November 1985International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome14-17 April 1985, Atlanta, GeorgiaGARY R. NOBLE, M.D.GARY R. NOBLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-653 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIntroductionThe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was recognized in 1981 as a distinct clinical entity, and the infectious nature of the disease soon became apparent. As the incidence of AIDS steadily increased, the need to bring together the many groups working on AIDS around the world to exchange information, ideas, and strategies for controlling this disease became clear. From this need developed the plans for the first International Conference on AIDS, held 14 through 17 April 1985 in Atlanta. Scientists, clinicians, public health workers, representatives of high-risk groups, and others dedicated to finding ways to control AIDS met to present... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GARY R. NOBLE, M.D.Affiliations: Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMapping AIDSInfektions- und andere entzündliche Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems 1 November 1985Volume 103, Issue 5Page: 653-654KeywordsAIDSInfectious disease immunologyPrevention, policy, and public healthScientists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Intraoperative Mitomycin versus Postoperative 5-Fluorouracil in High-risk Glaucoma Filtering Surgery
Authors: Gregory L. Skuta, Charles C. Beeson, Eve J. Higginbotham, Paul R. Lichter, David C. Musch, Terry J. Bergstrom, Thomas B. Klein, Francis Y. Falck
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)
TREATMENT OF SECONDARY ANEMIA
Authors: HERBERT Z. GIFFIN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In the treatment of secondary anemia, the presence of organic disease, particularly obscure organic disease, must be recognized. One obscure condition, which may be overlooked, is chronic recurrent or persistent loss of blood from the gastro-intestinal tract. Persistent loss of blood and obscure severe anemia, in our experience, have been seen associated with carcinoma of the stomach, duodenal ulcer, malignant growths of the small bowel, benign ulcer of the small intestine, benign ulcer of the cecum, and polyp of the colon. It should be stressed that these conditions may be present with little, if any, abdominal complaint and in the presence of negative roentgenologic examinations. Other conditions that cause severe chronic secondary anemia, which under certain circumstances may be overlooked, are atypical myxedema and chronic glomerular nephritis. In addition to elimination of organic disease, a workable classification of chronic secondary anemia is necessary. This classification should be simple and should
THE EFFECT OF BODY POSITION CHANGE ON LUNG COMPLIANCE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE*
Authors: John Turner Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

Since the work of Christie and Meakins (1), the lungs of patients with heart failure have been acknowledged to resist inflation to a greater ex- tent than normal lungs.More recent studies of pulmonary mechanics in patients with congestive heart failure (2-5) have emphasized the lowered lung compliance as well as moderate increases in pulmonary resistance.That acute changes in lung compliance can occur in man has been shown by Saxton, Rabinowitz, Dexter and Haynes (6) who demonstrated acute decreases in lung com- pliance on exercise in patients with heart disease associated with increases in pulmonary artery wedge pressure, and by Bondurant, Hickam and Isley (7) who demonstrated acutely decreased compliance in normal subjects when transient pulmonary congestion was induced by sudden inflation of a pressurized suit.Because of the im- portance of body position in cardiac dyspnea, a feature of which is orthopnea, the present study was undertaken to determine what, if any, changes in the static volume-pressure characteristics of the lungs occurred in normal subjects and in orthop- neic patients with heart failure on changing from the sitting to the horizontal (prone) body position. METHODSThe data herein presented were derived from simul- taneous oscillographic recordings 1 of transpulmonary pressure, air flow and the tidal volume.Esophageal pressure was recorded by means of a balloon catheter (balloon length, 15 cm.) similar to that described by Mead,
Spurious Elevation of Bone Mass Secondary to Paget Disease in a Patient With Osteoporosis
Authors: Nataraj Shanmugam, Kelly Chasse, Shiv M. Gupta
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Bone mass assessment performed by dual-energy densitometry (DEXA) on a 78-year-old man showed significant osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and nondominant left femur. Bone density of the right femur, however, was within normal limits. A bone scan performed earlier demonstrated diffusely increased uptake in the right femur consistent with Paget disease. Thus, bone density of the total right hip was falsely elevated secondary to the presence of Paget disease. Multisite testing and awareness of skeletal abnormalities for accurate interpretation of bone mass studies cannot be overemphasized.
TCT-61 Gender-related Differences in 30-day Mortality Among Patients With ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Angioplasty
Authors: Francesco Tomassini, Andrea Gagnor, Alfonso Gambino, mario bollati, Emanuele Tizzani, Sara Giolitto, Cristina Rosa Brusin, Rosario Tripodi, Paolo Giay Pron, Ferdinando Varbella
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Longevity in Lymphomas of the Lower Intestinal Tract
Authors: Gerald F. Parkhurst
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Twenty cases of primary lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. These lesions, similar to epithelial tumors, disclosed their presence most commonly by pain, nausea, vomiting, melena, palpable mass, and anemia. Survival after operative recovery ranged from 5 weeks to 15 years. Among patients with tumors involving the terminal ileum and colon the average survival was 8 months. Patients with tumors proximal to the ileum survived considerably longer. Malignant lymphomas may arise in unicentric or multicentric foci. When they arise in a single focus they may metastasize and behave like carcinoma. Unlike carcinoma, however, they tend to be more malignant in the lower and less malignant in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Exact diagnosis of primary lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract prior to surgical exploration or biopsy is difficult. Roentgenologic methods of study remain most helpful.
A NEW SET OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND-DERIVED ANATOMICAL CRITERIA FOR DEFINING FUNCTIONALLY SIGNIFICANT STENOSES IN SMALL CORONARY ARTERIES RESULTS FROM INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN SINGAPORE (IDEAS) STUDY.
Authors: Chi Hang Lee, Bee-Choo Tai, Chao-Yang Soon, Adrian F. Low, Kian-Keong Poh, Tiong-Cheng Yeo, Gek-Hsiang Lim, James Yip, Abdul Omar Razakjr, Swee-Guan Teo, Huay-Cheem Tan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)