tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Platelet Support of Patients with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: F. CARL GRUMET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Long-term platelet transfusion support was studied in seven patients with aplastic anemia. All patients became refractory to platelets obtained from random donors by a median of 8 weeks. Once a patient became refractory, the poor response to random donor platelets was not improved by splenectomy, corticoids, or androgens, or any combination of these. Platelets from family donors matched for histocompatibility antigens were given twice weekly for periods up to 77 weeks and continually provided excellent clinical responses. Splenectomy or high-dose corticoid therapy, or both, improved the response to compatible platelets. The therapeutic benefit from compatible platelet infusion was substantially greater than could be provided by a fivefold greater mass of incompatible platelets.
HER-2 as a Target for Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Michail Ignatiadis, Christine Desmedt, Christos Sotiriou, Evandro de Azambuja, Martine Piccart
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

The human epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (HER-2/ neu , c-erbB2) was initially discovered in 1985 by two independent laboratories (refs. [1][1], [2][2]; [Fig. 1][3] ). The merit for building the first bridge between this laboratory discovery and the clinic goes to Denis Slamon. In
Management of Metastatic Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung
Authors: Aaron G. Fingerhut
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The discussion regarding the "Management of Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung With Metastases to the Bones" (225:422, 1973), though excellent as far as it went, did not go far enough. The two consultants seem to be concerned only with the systemic chemotherapy for the disease and largely overlook the fact that the radiation therapy was inadequate. Radiation therapy is an extremely useful method of treating incurable carcinoma. In cases where weight-bearing bones are involved with metastatic disease, the purpose of radiation therapy should be, not only to relieve the pain, but also, to prevent pathologic fracture with its resultant complications. In the case mentioned, single session treatments did suffice to relieve the patient's pain; however, he subsequently suffered a "spontaneous" fracture of the right femoral shaft. Whether or not the patient with widespread metastatic disease receives systemic chemotherapy, I believe strongly that destructive lesions in weight-bearing bones
340 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MAPKS) OF THE P38 AND ERK1/2 TYPES ARE INVOLVED IN ESTRADIOL 17β-D-GLUCURONIDE (E17G)-INDUCED CHOLESTASIS IN RATS
Authors: A.C. Boaglio, F.D. Toledo, I.R. Barosso, A.E. Zucchetti, E.J. Sanchez Pozzi, F.A. Crocenzi, M.G. Roma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Polymer Blend Particles with Defined Compositions for Targeting Antigen to Both Class I and II Antigen Presentation Pathways
Authors: Kenny K. Tran, Xi Zhan, Hong Shen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Defense against many persistent and difficult‐to‐treat diseases requires a combination of humoral, CD4 + , and CD8 + T‐cell responses, which necessitates targeting antigens to both class I and II antigen presentation pathways. In this study, polymer blend particles are developed by mixing two functionally unique polymers, poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) and a pH‐responsive polymer, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate‐ co ‐propylacrylic acid‐ co ‐butyl methacrylate) (DMAEMA‐ co ‐PAA‐ co ‐BMA). Polymer blend particles are shown to enable the delivery of antigens into both class I and II antigen presentation pathways in vitro. Increasing the ratio of the pH‐responsive polymer in blend particles increases the degree of class I antigen presentation, while maintaining high levels of class II antigen presentation. In a mouse model, it is demonstrated that a significantly higher and sustained level of CD4 + and CD8 + T‐cell responses, and comparable antibody responses, are elicited with polymer blend particles than PLGA particles and a conventional vaccine, Alum. The polymer blend particles offer a potential vaccine delivery platform to generate a combination of humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses that insure robust and long‐lasting immunity against many infectious diseases and cancers.
Cardiovascular and other effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2 in man
Authors: S. M. M. Karim, K. Somers, K. Hillier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

The cardiovascular effects of prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2α administered by different routes were studied in 22 normal healthy male and female volunteers. Rapid intravenous injection of 100 μg or more of PGE2 or slow continuous infusion of 0·8 μg/kg/min PGE2 increased the heart rate and produced a fall in blood pressure. Similar effects were produced with 5 mg PGE2 injected either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. In contrast, a single intravenous infection of 500 μg PGF2α raised the arterial blood pressure, but intravenous infusion of up to 4 μg/kg/min PGF2α or subcutaneous and intramuscular injections of 20 mg PGF2α had no effect on the cardiovascular system.
Ordeals for the fetal programming hypothesis
Authors: M. Susser, B. Levin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<b>1020</b> <h3><b>Objectives:</b></h3> To improve the therapeutic efficiency of radioactive <sup>131</sup>I in HCT116 colon cancer by utilizing the nanocomposite of <sup>131</sup>I, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cell penetrating peptide (TAT). <h3><b>Methods:</b></h3> AuNPs (averaged 9.12 ± 1.19 nm) modified with PEG was conjuncted with TAT (Au@PEG-TAT) for cell-nucleus targeting, and <sup>131</sup>I was labeled to AuNPs (<sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs), TAT (<sup>131</sup>I-TAT) and AuNPs@PEG-TAT (<sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT), respectively. In cellular level, clone formation assay was conducted for evaluating cell proliferation, and flow cytometry for cell apoptosis, ROS level and cell cycle distribution. DNA doublestrand breaks (DSBs) was detected by γ-H2AX staining. In vivo, tumor-bearing BALB/c mice were treated with different drugs and monitored by SPECT/CT for drug metabolism. Tumors were measured for volume every two days, and tested for the expression level of CD19 and CD56 antibodies by immunohistochemical analysis, Western Blotting, and flow cytometry. <h3><b>Results:</b></h3> Improved cell nucleus uptake of AuNPs@PEG-TAT than AuNPs was confirmed by confocal microscopy and Bio-TEM. CCK-8 assay indicated the optimal usage of 500 μCi <sup>131</sup>I consponding to 100ug AuNPs and 10ug TAT. Cells treated with <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT showed dose-dependently supressed proliferation with the lowest colony efficiency (1.04%) and surviving fraction (0.01%) at 40μCi <sup>131</sup>I, and exhibited the highest apoptosis rate (73.12%) compared to <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs (61.82%), <sup>131</sup>I-TAT (46.96%) and <sup>131</sup>I (31.44%). Further, <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT generated most ROS (56.55% VS 29.21% VS 42.69% VS 46.22%), caused 18.67±19.33,9.17±13.41,1.31±0.41 times of DSBs than others, and showed largest G2/M proportion (45.12%) with 1.12-, 1.87- and 2.37- folds increased than others. SPECT/CT imaging showed prolonged intratumor retention of <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs for 12 hours and <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT for 36 hours. Tumor growth treated with <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT was inhibited by 44.74% ± 3.61%, 68.98% ± 4.55%, and 79.95% ± 2.21% relative to <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs, <sup>131</sup>I-TAT and <sup>131</sup>I. Elevated anti-cancer CD19+ and CD56+ effector in tumor irradiated by <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT was found in immunohistochemical staining and Western Blotting, and flow cytometry showed the highest proportion of B and NK cells (12.47%±1.15%) than other therapeutic controls (4.75%±2.87%, 6.57%±3.48%, 4.22%±2.51%). <h3><b>Conclusions:</b></h3> The as-synthesized <sup>131</sup>I-AuNPs-TAT, based on bremsstrahlung reaction between high-Z AuNPs and β-ray from <sup>131</sup>I, provided enhanced therapeutic efficiency under TAT mediated intra-nucleus radiotherapy, and the additional immune enhancement effect induced by low-dose X-ray can also work as a complementary mechanism for the ideal treatment outcome. $$graphic_7266E0F9-C662-4286-B848-72B277EE721E$$
Isolation and characterization of human antigen-specific TCRαβ+ CD4-CD8- double-negative regulatory T cells
Authors: Karin Fischer, Simon Voelkl, Jana Heymann, Grzegorz K. Przybylski, Krishna Mondal, Monika Laumer, Leoni Kunz-Schughart, Christian A. Schmidt, Reinhard Andreesen, Andreas Mackensen
Journal: Blood (2004)
Update in Environmental and Occupational Medicine 2005
Authors: Tim Nawrot, Abderrahim Nemmar, Benoit Nemery
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Although air pollution consists of a heterogeneous mixture of gases and particles, most recent research has been devoted to the adverse effects of particulate matter (PM). PM consists of primary particles, such as diesel soot or other combustion-derived particles,whichare emitteddirectly into the atmosphere, and secondary particles, which are created in the atmosphere through complex physicochemical transformation of gases (1, 2). Airborne PM is generally defined on the basis of the size distribution of the particles. Thus, PM10 andPM2.5 stand for PMwithmedian aerodynamic diameters less than 10 m and 2.5 m, respectively. Ultrafine particles (UFPs) have a diameter less than 100 nm (0.1 m). These particles demonstrate very high deposition in human alveoli (3).
The Coronary Arteries: Arteriography, Microanatomy, and Pathogenesis of Obliterative Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Research techniques currently in vogue run the gamut from the elegant to the laborious. The cynicalminded may sometimes ponder a vexing human problem in reverse: do the means always justify the ends? In any case, Fulton's techniques for injecting the coronary circulation of the heart are clearly laborious and the many photographs with which the results are demonstrated are certainly most elegant. The sizable group of investigators who are fascinated by injection methods of demonstrating tissue vascularity will find this book richly rewarding. The rest of us who are less committed can feel favorably disposed if somewhat disappointed that some new revelation has not been forthcoming, such as the discovery of an additional major and hitherto unsuspected coronary artery. Beginning with Spalteholtz, each generation seems to produce its own preeminent blood-vessel injector whose findings generally confirm and elaborate on those of his forebears. In a rapidly changing medical world the
Local drug delivery systems and prevention of restenosis
Authors: D Brieger
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Time for primary review 38 days.

It is somewhat incongruous that the successful performance of percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization, a technically challenging and somewhat delicate endeavour, is predicated on the delivery of a traumatic insult to the vascular wall. This injury incites a cascade of compensatory responses, involving thrombosis and inflammation, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration, and matrix production and deposition. Although this reparative process usually stabilizes the site of injury and ensures a successful long term result, in 30 to 50% of cases it is excessive [1], resulting in compromise of the lumen with the potential for recurrent ischemia.

Our understanding of the process of restenosis, although not yet complete, has evolved considerably in recent years. There is a complex interplay of vessel wall remodeling and neointimal proliferation. Remodeling refers to a contracture or ‘shrinkage’ of the vessel, primarily related to the inflammatory process in the vessel wall which involves the media and adventitia. The neointimal proliferative process appears to be linked to vascular smooth muscle cell activation, proliferation and migration [2, 3]. The deployment of an intracoronary stent at the site of injury, by providing a scaffold within the vessel wall, can reduce the impact of vascular remodeling, but may be accompanied by an exhuberant intimal hyperplastic response [4]with consequent restenosis in a persistent 20–30% of cases [5, 6].

Thus, over recent years there has been a widespread intensive research effort directed towards identifying pharmacotherepeutic regimens targeting primarily (but not exclusively) the smooth muscle cell, to prevent the neointimal restenotic process. These have involved conventional pharmacological agents, as well as novel gene therapies, and many of these have been found to be effective in preventing restenosis in animal models of vascular injury following systemic administration. However, when these agents have progressed to clinical … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 216 4459490; Fax: +1 216 4459595; E-mail: topole@cesmtp.ccf.org
Abstract 4366: Chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue is related to the presence of high grade prostate cancer
Authors: Bora Gurel, Marshall S. Lucia, Elizabeth A. Platz, Angelo M. De Marzo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Chronic inflammation may be crucial for the etiology of prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). If inflammation is part of the pathogenesis of this disease then it might be expected that prostates with adenocarcinoma would harbor more inflammation than prostates without adenocarcinoma. Design: Cases (biopsy detected and centrally reviewed) and age frequency-matched controls, defined as negative for adenocarcinoma on an end-of-study biopsy, were selected using a nested case-control design from among participants in placebo arm of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). The PCPT (n= 18,000 men) determined whether finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, could reduce the period prevalence of adenocarcinoma over 7 years. All men were screened annually by PSA and DRE, and all men not diagnosed with adenocarcinoma during the study were offered an end-of-study biopsy. Cases consisted of 191 men, and controls were from 209 men. Microscope slides (1- 5 core biopsies for each man) were digitized and evaluated online after masking of adenocarcinoma and random benign areas to ensure blinding of the pathologist to case/control status. Inflammation was assessed using a modified National Institutes of Health (NIH) grading system and data were analyzed using logistic regression. Result: Men who had at least one biopsy core positive for chronic inflammation (CI) (majority was chronic) had 1.79 (95% CI 1.06-3.04) times the risk of prostate cancer compared with no cores positive. The association was stronger for higher-grade (Gleason score 7-10; OR=2.41, 95% CI 1.17-4.95) disease than for lower-grade (Gleason score 6; OR=1.45, 95% CI 0.79-2.68) disease. Risk of prostate cancer (p-trend=0.05) and higher-grade disease (p-trend=0.02) increased with increasing percent of cores positive. Conclusion: The presence of any chronic inflammation in benign prostate tissue was positively and statistically significantly associated with adenocarcinoma, especially higher grade lesions (Gleason score 7-10). Additional studies to further examine a potential role for inflammation as a cofactor in overall and high-grade prostate cancer should help determine whether chronic inflammation present in benign tissue is a reaction to the presence of cancer, or, is related to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4366.
322 SHOULD ALL PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS BE SCREENED FOR HEV-INFECTION?
Authors: S. Pischke, P. Malinski, P.V. Suneetha, F. Lehner, K.H. Heiringhoff, H. Barg-Hock, A. Vogel, J. Hadem, K. Rifai, H. Bantel, C.P. Strassburg, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
ON THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF CARBAZOTIC ACID, ETC
Authors: T. Moffat
Journal: BMJ (1855)

A301A1[ON U3DXOLL JOUlAL (Atv.viOIss1 aumber, In creir tht its details may be areflly o d by Xh membes of this Asociation.In the meantime, we absain from comments, as our object is to elicit the opi- nions of those who are practically able to enlighten the pofesion and the legislature on this important question.A very valuable communication on the suibject of State Vaccination, from the pen of Dr. Spencer Thomson, of Aurton-on-Trent, will be found at p. 747 of this number.
Effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation on regional myocardial blood flow. Possible mechanism for late electrophysiological outcome.
Authors: S Nath, J G Whayne, S Kaul, N C Goodman, A R Jayaweera, D E Haines
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND We postulated that the late electrophysiological effects of radiofrequency (RF) ablation may be related to microvascular injury extending beyond the region of acute coagulation necrosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen RF lesions created in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) perfusion bed of seven open chest anesthetized dogs were studied. The ablation electrode and surrounding myocardium were imaged using high-resolution two-dimensional echocardiography at x 4 magnification. After 60 seconds of RF delivery, sonicated albumin microbubbles (mean size, 4.3 microns) were injected into the LAD to measure regional myocardial perfusion, and time-intensity plots were generated from simultaneously acquired two-dimensional echocardiography images. The regions with persistent contrast effect on two-dimensional echocardiography were larger than the pathological lesions (mean cross-sectional area, 48.3 +/- 6.3 versus 19.3 +/- 4.7 mm2, respectively; P &lt; .0001). The mean contrast transit rate in the area corresponding to the pathological lesion was 25 +/- 12% of that in the normal myocardium, but it was also reduced beyond the lesion, being 48 +/- 27% and 82 +/- 28% of normal, respectively, in the 3-mm and 3- to 6-mm circumferential rims surrounding the pathological lesion (P &lt; .05). Electron microscopy performed in two additional dogs with similar lesions demonstrated the presence of ultrastructural damage to the microvascular endothelium well beyond the pathological lesion edge. CONCLUSIONS RF catheter ablation not only results in a marked reduction in blood flow within the acute pathological lesion but also causes reduced flow beyond the borders of the acute lesion because of microvascular endothelial cell injury. The progression or resolution of tissue injury within the region beyond the border of the pathological lesion may explain the late electrophysiological effects of RF ablation.
Review: Mifepristone is more effective for emergency contraception than levonorgestrel
Authors: Jeff Andrews
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

ACP Journal Club21 October 2008Review: Mifepristone is more effective for emergency contraception than levonorgestrelJeff Andrews, MDJeff Andrews, MDVanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (J.A.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-8-200810210-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationCheng L, Gülmezoglu A, Piaggio G, Ezcurra E, Van Look P. Interventions for emergency contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(2):CD001324. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18425871Clinical Impact RatingsEmergency Med: GIM/FP/GP: Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA (J.A.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 October 2008. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2008Volume 149, Issue 8Page: JC4-9KeywordsChild healthContraceptivesDatabasesDrugsGlobal healthPopulation statisticsPregnancySystematic reviews ePublished: 21 October 2008 Issue Published: 21 October 2008 CopyrightCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Early mortality of undiagnosed but prevalent (in 1983–1984) HIV infection in lothian injectors who tested hepatitis B surface antigen positive (group A) or negative but were high risk for blood-borne virus transmission (group B) in 1983–1984
Authors: S.M. Gore, R.P. Brettle, S.M. Burns, S.C. Lewis
Journal: Journal of Infection (1998)
Cephalexin Monohydrate Suspension
Authors: Samuel E. McLinn
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Cephalexin monohydrate suspension was used in the treatment of 97 children with otitis media. Pretreatment middle-ear exudate specimens in pure or mixed culture yielded Diplococcus pneumoniae in 47 cases, Haemophilus influenzae in 26, Neisseria catarrhalis in 20, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci in 13, and Staphylococcus aureus in one. The usual dosage was 100 mg/kg/day given orally in divided doses for 10 to 12 days. After 48 hours of treatment, follow-up cultures showed that therapy had been successful in 90 children; 81 remained clinically and bacteriologically free of disease for at least three weeks following therapy. Of the seven children for whom therapy failed, H influenzae persisted in five and D pneumoniae in two. Acceptance of the drug was entirely satisfactory with no important side effects encountered.
Incidence of HIV infection decreases because of nature of epidemics
Authors: S. Brody
Journal: BMJ (1996)

1991 that half of 999 calls resulted in the patient being discharged with no follow Up.3Campaigns to educate the public about making more appropriate use of the service may help to reduce the burden on emergency ambulances, but with attitudes such as "It's free-why shouldn't I call an ambulance?"then perhaps the only way forward is to implement a tiered system.
Proton Radiotherapy: Some Perspectives
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

DEVELOPMENT of stereotaxic radiosurgery is the result of contributions from physicists, radiologists, and neurosurgeons, says Jacob Fabrikant, MD, head of the Arteriovenous Malformation Program at the University of California's Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:3217-3220). It also appears to have been the product of Harvard University (Boston) and University of California (Berkeley) cooperation. Robert R. Wilson, PhD, now a professor emeritus at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, is credited with proposing the medical use of charged particles (<i>Radiology</i>1946;47:487-491). Wilson, a physicist, says that the idea occurred to him while he was at Berkeley in the mid-1940s, designing the cyclotron to be built at Harvard. Although he was aware of their work, he does not remember discussing it with Robert Stone, MD, or John Lawrence, MD (brother of Ernest O. Lawrence, PhD, builder and designer of Berkeley's cyclotron), who only a few years earlier at Berkeley had begun the initial medical experiments
Rx: Canadian Drugs
Authors: Abigail Zuger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In a grass-roots movement that has swelled to a stampede over the past several years, U.S. citizens are heading to Canada to buy cheaper prescription drugs. They are crossing the border in person, by telephone, by fax, and by modem, in numbers estimated at a million or more, aided by a growing number of entrepreneurial storefront and Internet middlemen. Although the market share represented by these purchases is still small — an estimated $500 million to $1 billion over the past year, in contrast to the $156.5 billion spent in retail pharmacies — it is likely to grow quickly. The . . .
IRS2-Akt pathway in midbrain dopamine neurons regulates behavioral and cellular responses to opiates
Authors: Scott J Russo, Carlos A Bolanos, David E Theobald, Nathan A DeCarolis, William Renthal, Arvind Kumar, Catharine A Winstanley, Nora E Renthal, Matthew D Wiley, David W Self, David S Russell, Rachael L Neve, Amelia J Eisch, Eric J Nestler
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)