tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brief Communication: National Quality-of-Care Standards in Home-Based Primary Care
Authors: Kristofer L. Smith, Theresa A. Soriano, Jeremy Boal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Home-based primary care for homebound seniors is complex, and practice constraints are unique. No quality-of-care standards exist. Objective: To identify process quality indicators that are essential to high-quality, home-based primary care. Design: An expert development panel reviewed established and new quality indicators for applicability to home-based primary care. A separate national evaluation panel used a modified Delphi process to rate the validity and importance of the potential quality indicators. Participants: Two national panels whose members varied in practice type, location, and setting. Results: The panels considered 260 quality indicators and endorsed 200 quality indicators that cover 23 geriatric conditions. Twenty-one (10.5%) quality indicators were newly created, 52 (26%) were modified, and 127 (63.5%) were unchanged. The quality indicators have decreased emphasis on interventions and have placed greater emphasis on quality of life. Limitations: The quality indicator set may not apply to all homebound seniors and might be difficult to implement for a typical home-based primary care program. Conclusions: The quality indicator set provides a comprehensive home-based primary care quality framework and will allow for future comparative research. Provision of these evidence-based measures could improve patient quality of life and longevity.
Aluminium sulphate in water in north Cornwall and outcome of pregnancy.
Authors: J Golding, A Rowland, R Greenwood, P Lunt
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the excess aluminum sulphate accidentally added to the local water supply in north Cornwall in July 1988 had an adverse effect on the outcome of pregnancies. DESIGN--Outcomes of all singleton pregnancies in the affected area at the time of the incident (n = 92) were compared with those in two control groups: pregnancies in this area completed before the incident (n = 68) and pregnancies in a neighbouring area (n = 193). SUBJECTS--Mothers in the three groups, among whom there were 13 miscarriages, five terminations of pregnancy, and 336 live births. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Fetal and perinatal loss, birth weight, gestation, obstetric complications, neonatal condition, and congenital defects. RESULTS--Among 88 pregnancies in women exposed to excess aluminum sulphate there was no excess of perinatal deaths (n = 0), low birthweight (n = 3), preterm delivery (n = 4), or severe congenital malformations (n = 0). There was, however, an increased rate of talipes in exposed fetuses (four cases, one control; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS--Because of small numbers it is not possible to say that high doses of aluminum sulphate are safe in pregnancy, but there is no evidence from this study of major problems apparent at birth.
Bleeding Risks From Heparin Treatment
Authors: W. V. R. Viewig
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  In response to the letter from J. Worth Estes, we do not believe that failure to include body weight in our statistical analysis invalidates the observation that elderly women are more likely to have bleeding complications during the intravenous administration of heparin than elderly men or younger women and men. We used the conventional parameter of Lee-White coagulation time, rather than body weight, to determine dosage of heparin. There may be many factors that contribute to bleeding in elderly women and weight might be one of them, but the fact remains that a high percentage of elderly women bleed when given heparin intravenously in the conventional manner.
Role of Intracellular Ca <sup>2+</sup> in Activation of Protein Kinase C During Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Koichi Node, Masafumi Kitakaze, Hiroshi Sato, Tetsuo Minamino, Kazuo Komamura, Yoshiro Shinozaki, Hidezo Mori, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Activation of protein kinase C plays an important role in ischemic preconditioning. Given that protein kinase C is activated by an increase in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and that myocardial ischemia and reperfusion increase [Ca 2+ ] i , the effect of transient exposures to Ca 2+ on infarct size and the effect of administration of EGTA during ischemic and α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated preconditioning on the limitation of infarct size were investigated in the canine heart. Methods and Results In open-chest dogs, 5 minutes after the completion of either three 5-minute infusions of CaCl 2 or four 5-minute infusions of the α 1 -adrenoceptor agonist methoxamine into the coronary artery, the coronary arteries were occluded for 90 minutes; this occlusion was followed by a 6-hour reperfusion in both the Ca 2+ preconditioning and methoxamine groups. Infarct sizes in the Ca 2+ preconditioning (15.8±2.3%) and methoxamine (10.1±2.2%) groups were significantly ( P &lt;.01) smaller than in the control group (42.5±2.9%), and administration of either an inhibitor of protein kinase C (GF109203X) or an inhibitor of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-diphosphate) reduced the infarct size–limiting effect of Ca 2+ preconditioning. Administration of EGTA during ischemic or α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated preconditioning inhibited both the infarct size–limiting effect and the activation of protein kinase C and ecto-5′-nucleotidase induced by these procedures. Conclusions [Ca 2+ ] i during ischemic and α 1 -adrenoceptor–mediated preconditioning plays an important role in the infarct size–limiting effect of these procedures by activating protein kinase C and ecto-5′-nucleotidase in the canine heart.
ONE GAUZE SPONGE REMOVED FROM BLADDER ANOTHER FROM THE VAGINA, MONTHS AFTER A DUEHRSSEN OPERATION FOR PROLAPSE
Authors: Henry Dawson Furniss
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Patient is up and about, doing her own housework, and apparently her compensation is very efficient, for with the exception of nil occasional swelling of the feet aller being on them for a long time, she experiences no discomfort.
Website of the week: Doctors and the media
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The survey of how doctors are treated by the press in this week's BMJ (p 782) is an example of our current preoccupation with what people are saying about us. A psychologist might argue that this is a sign of declining professional self confidence. A positive view would be that we are becoming more sensitive and responsive to the demands made by …
Rapid Scale-Up of Antiretroviral Treatment in Ethiopia: Successes and System-Wide Effects
Authors: Yibeltal Assefa, Degu Jerene, Sileshi Lulseged, Gorik Ooms, Wim Van Damme
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Yibeltal Assefa and colleagues describe the successes and challenges of the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment across Ethiopia, including its impact on other health programs and the country's human resources for health.
Abstract A16: MiR-22 down-regulation via epigenetic control in oral cancer cells
Authors: Li-Wha Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The deregulation of certain microRNAs has been associated with the progression and metastasis of various cancer types. DNA methylation in the CpG islands plays a crucial role in the down-regulation of tumor suppressor genes, including miRNAs. MiR-22 has been shown to be deregulated in several cancer types, including breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Using real-time RT-PCR analysis, we also found that miR22 was down-regulated in the majority of tested oral cancer cell lines and 70% of the clinical specimens when compared with their normal counterparts. Consistent with the notion that DNA methylation might play a role in the gene silencing, we did detect a putative CpG island (~ 1.2 kb in length) located upstream from the putative miR-22 transcription start site (+1) using two independent CpG island prediction softwares. Two oral cancer lines with low miR−22 expression were treated for 3–5 days with the indicated dose of 5′-azaC together with or without trichostatin A. Total RNA was isolated from the treated cells for real-time quantitative PCR analysis of miR-22 expression. The expression of miR-22 was significantly induced by either inhibitor. Combined treatment further enhanced the expression, suggesting the involvement of epigenetic control in the decreased expression of miR-22 in oral cancer cells. We first divided the putative CpG island into 5 regions and designed nested PCR primers for bisulfate sequencing PCR. We found that only regions 3 to 5 in the putative CpG island were subjected to be influenced by methylation in certain oral cancer lines. Since MeCP2 selectively binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides, chromatin immunoprecipition together with qPCR will be used to examine if MeCP2 would have increased binding to the identified methylated CpG sites. Second, quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) will be used to measure the methylation levels of miR-22 genes in oral cancer tissues and their normal control using SYBR Green–based detection technology. Third, in vitro methylation and promoter-driven luciferase assay will be used to investigate whether DNA methylation plays a direct role in regulating miR-22 promoter activity and whether CpG island deletion affects the relative luciferase activity. Together, this study would implicate that the expression of miR-22 is controlled by epigenetic control in oral cancer cells. However, the exact nature of miR-22 in oral carcinogenesis remains to be characterized. Citation Format: Li-Wha Wu. MiR-22 down-regulation via epigenetic control in oral cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A16.
Wants Statistics of Homeopathy.
Authors: R. S. Porter
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, March 1, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It would be interesting and valuable to know, according to reliable statistics, the number of homeopathic physicians, colleges and hospitals in the United States at the present time as compared to the number ten, twenty and thirty years ago. If it seems wise to the editor, I think a statement of such statistics would be very generally appreciated. Very respectfully,
Generic Drugs: Bioequivalence and Bioavailability
Authors: Rudi Ansbacher
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Nightingale and Morrison<sup>1</sup>concerning generic drugs, the subject of bioequivalence was discussed. However, no mention was made of bioavailability. In the past year, I have personally seen six patients who complained about the lack of effectiveness of oral estrogen therapy in alleviating their symptoms. Specific questioning revealed a difference between the control of their menopausal symptoms with the use of generic as opposed to brand name conjugated estrogens. In each instance, estradiol levels were below 37 pmol/L (10 pg/mL) or nondetectable. When these patients were switched to brand name conjugated estrogens, their menopausal symptoms were alleviated and their estradiol levels when rechecked were all above 165 pmol/L (45 pg/mL). The equine estrogens or synthetic estrogens are required by the<i>United States Pharmacopeia</i>to contain 50% to 63% estrone sodium sulfate, 22.5% to 32.5% equilin sodium sulfate, not more than 20% dihydroequilin,
Cholinergic component in the human pancreatic secretory response to intraintestinal oleate.
Authors: J E Valenzuela, C B Lamers, I M Modlin, J H Walsh
Journal: Gut (1983)

To determine the role of cholinergic reflexes on pancreatic secretory response to food, we studied the effect of atropine on amylase secretion in response to the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK8) and to intraintestinal oleate. Four studies were done in six healthy volunteers. The duodenal content was aspirated by a double lumen tube while synthetic secretin (41 pmol/kg/h) was infused as a background in all the studies. Graded doses of CCK8 IV or 0.42 M oleate pH 9.4 at 25 ml/h into the intestine with and without atropine 1.8 mg were given on different days. CCK-like immunoreactivity (LI) in the plasma was measured by RIA during the intraintestinal oleate studies. CCK8 stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion in a dose related fashion, an effect that was not modified by atropine. Intraintestinal oleate also stimulated pancreatic secretion and increased the CCK-LI in the plasma. Atropine significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased the pancreatic enzyme secretion before and during intraintestinal oleate, without effect on the CCK-LI levels. We conclude: (1) that the effect of exogenous CCK on pancreatic secretion of enzymes is not affected by atropine; (2) intraintestinal oleate stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion significantly by an atropine-sensitive mechanism; (3) probably the atropine effect is a blockade of a cholinergic enteropancreatic reflex.
TCT-454 Peri-procedural Myocardial Infarction in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: a Systematic Cardiac Biomarker Evaluation Study
Authors: Nathan Lo, Tesfaldet Michael, Danyaal Moin, Vishal Patel, Mohammed Alomar, Aristotelis Papayannis, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
<i>myo</i>-Inositol Supplementation and Onset of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women With a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rosario D’Anna, Angela Scilipoti, Domenico Giordano, Carmela Caruso, Maria Letizia Cannata, Maria Lieta Interdonato, Francesco Corrado, Antonino Di Benedetto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To check the hypothesis that myo-inositol supplementation may reduce gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) onset in pregnant women with a family history of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A 2-year, prospective, randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled study was carried out in pregnant outpatients with a parent with type 2 diabetes who were treated from the end of the first trimester with 2 g myo-inositol plus 200 µg folic acid twice a day (n = 110) and in the placebo group (n = 110), who were only treated with 200 µg folic acid twice a day. The main outcome measure was the incidence of GDM in both groups. Secondary outcome measures were as follows: the incidence of fetal macrosomia (&amp;gt;4,000 g), gestational hypertension, preterm delivery, caesarean section, shoulder dystocia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal distress respiratory syndrome. GDM diagnosis was performed according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) recommendations. RESULTS Incidence of GDM was significantly reduced in the myo-inositol group compared with the placebo group: 6 vs. 15.3%, respectively (P = 0.04). In the myo-inositol group, a reduction of GDM risk occurrence was highlighted (odds ratio 0.35). A statistically significant reduction of fetal macrosomia in the myo-inositol group was also highlighted together with a significant reduction in mean fetal weight at delivery. In the other secondary outcome measures, there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS myo-Inositol supplementation in pregnant women with a family history of type 2 diabetes may reduce GDM incidence and the delivery of macrosomia fetuses.
Diagnostic Delay in Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Darrell E. Crisp
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our analysis of 31 patients with Duchenne's dystrophy indicates that clinicians still rely on the appearance of overt gait abnormalities before considering the diagnosis. The mean age of diagnosis was 4.7 years in our patients. Delayed development occurred in 87% of our patients, and diagnosis could have been made by a mean age of 1.5 years because massive elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK) levels would have indicated the disorder even at that early age. In view of its frequency, ease of diagnosis, and genetic risk, we urge CK screening for Duchenne's dystrophy in boys with any type of developmental delay.  (JAMA1982;247:478-480)
Recent PCB accidents in Finland.
Authors: O Elo, P Vuojolahti, H Janhunen, J Rantanen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Twenty-eight polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accidents were recorded during a 1-year period in Finland. They comprised leaks, fires or explosions of capacitors. Some of the explosions and fires gave rise to high concentrations of PCBs in air and of PCBs and tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs), including 2,3,7,8-TCDF, on surfaces. One large explosion is described in detail, and biomedical data and findings of this case are compared with those of smaller accidents in Finland.
Wait-and-See Prescription for Acute Otitis Media
Authors: James R. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caffeine and Incident Hypertension in Women
Authors: Joe A. Vinson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Gerald H. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Ottinger's article (233:147, 1975) states that the size of an abdominal aortic aneurysm must be determined accurately, and with this I agree. However, I must disagree with his statement that this is almost always possible with "softtissue x-ray film views." Positive-contrast and ultrasound aortography offer much more information than plain films. In addition, these diagnostic modalities are helpful in determining involvement of renal and iliac arteries by the aneurysm or other arterial sclerotic disease, and they are certainly of interest preoperatively. There is no documented clinical mortality or morbidity caused by ultrasonography. The mortality and morbidity of positive-contrast aortography is quite low and certainly justified by the information gained. I am surprised that the author would not even mention these procedures in his article.
Pfiesteria: review of the science and identification of research gaps. Report for the National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Authors: J Samet, G S Bignami, R Feldman, W Hawkins, J Neff, T Smayda
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In connection with the CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria, a multidisciplinary panel evaluated Pfiesteria-related research. The panel set out what was known and what was not known about adverse effects of the organism on estuarine ecology, fish, and human health; assessed the methods used in Pfiesteria research; and offered suggestions to address data gaps. The panel's expertise covered dinoflagellate ecology; fish pathology and toxicology; laboratory measurement of toxins, epidemiology, and neurology. The panel evaluated peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature available through June 2000 in a systematic conceptual framework that moved from the source of exposure, through exposure research and dose, to human health effects. Substantial uncertainties remain throughout the conceptual framework the panel used to guide its evaluation. Firm evidence demonstrates that Pfiesteria is toxic to fish, but the specific toxin has not been isolated or characterized. Laboratory and field evidence indicate that the organism has a complex life cycle. The consequences of human exposure to Pfiesteria toxin and the magnitude of the human health problem remain obscure. The patchwork of approaches used in clinical evaluation and surrogate measures of exposure to the toxin are major limitations of this work. To protect public health, the panel suggests that priority be given research that will provide better insight into the effects of Pfiesteria on human health. Key gaps include the identity and mechanism of action of the toxin(s), the incomplete description of effects of exposure in invertebrates, fish, and humans, and the nature and extent of exposures that place people at risk.
WHO calls for ban on e-cigarette use indoors
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The World Health Organization has urged countries to introduce tougher regulations on the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) that would include banning use of the devices indoors and preventing their sale to minors.

The organisation has also called for tighter rules on the way e-cigarettes are advertised and for existing tobacco control efforts to be protected from the “vested interests” of the tobacco industry, which is now a prominent player in the e-cigarette market.

The recommendations were contained in a new report1 on electronic nicotine delivery systems—of which e-cigarettes are the most common—which argued that tougher regulation of the devices was in the interest of public health. In the report, WHO said that legal steps should be taken to end the use of e-cigarettes indoors in public places and the workplace, citing …