tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired beta adrenergic receptor binding and function in cystic fibrosis neutrophils.
Authors: S P Galant, L Norton, J Herbst, C Wood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disease characterized by abnormalities of exocrine gland and mucociliary function, has recently been shown to be associated with abnormal adrenergic and cholinergic physiologic responses in addition to decreased beta adrenergic-induced cyclic AMP generation in human leukocytes. In this study we have attempted to elucidate the nature of this hyporesponsiveness by assessing beta adrenergic receptor number and affinity (KD) in the intact neutrophil using the antagonist ligand [3H] dihydroalprenolol and cyclic AMP responses to isoproterenol in addition to histamine, and prostaglandin E1 in CF subjects, CF obligate heterozygotes (CFH), and normal control subjects. CF patients had significantly less (p less than 0.025) cyclic AMP stimulation above basals levels with isoproterenol (0.1 microM to 0.1 mM), compared with control values, but no consistent differences between groups were noted with histamine or PGE1. CF neutrophils had significantly fewer (p less than 0.005) beta adrenergic receptors per neutrophil (398.0 +/- 54.2 vs. 819.4 +/- 67.2) compared with control neutrophils, but the KD (0.740 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.630 +/- 0.05 nM) did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05). There was no correlation between clinical severity and either cyclic AMP generation or dihydroalprenolol binding (r = 0.27 and 0.24, respectively, p greater than 0.05). The CFH group had approximately 50% of the cyclic AMP stimulation compared with controls, but the number (909.8 +/- 89.3) and KD (0.710 +/- 0.09 nM) of their beta adrenergic receptors were indistinguishable from control subjects. These findings suggest "down regulation" of the beta receptor in the CF patient. The cause of this remains unknown. Although the etiology of the decreased cyclic AMP responses in CFH was not due to decreased beta adrenergic receptors as assessed by antagonist ligand binding, further studies inthe CFH group to include agonist binding, receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling, intrinsic adenylate cyclase activity, and catecholamine metabolism may help determine the basic cause of beta adrenergic hyperesposiveness in both CFH and CF.
Long-Term Effect of Hb<sub>S</sub>Antigenemia on Patient Survival after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Yves Pirson, Guy P.J. Alexandre, Charles van Ypersele de Strihou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We studied 121 renal-graft recipients to delineate the effects of HBs antigenemia on patient and graft survival. Grafts had functioned for at least six months; follow-up periods averaged 37 months. Mortality was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the HBs Ag-positive (17 deaths among 61 patients) than in the HBs Ag-negative group (eight of 60 patients). Patient and graft survivals, from six months onwards, were significantly lower at four years in the positive (64 and 60 per cent respectively) than in the negative group (87 and 80 per cent respectively). These differences resulted solely from a fivefold increase in mortality from liver disease in the positive group and were unrelated to graft rejection. HBs antigenemia did not improve graft tolerance during the first 24 months in 129 patients in whom repeated HBs Ag determinations had been obtained before operation. We conclude that HBs antigenemia has an unfavorable effect on transplant and patient survival.
Associations Between Hepatitis B Virus Mutations and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shijian Liu, Hongwei Zhang, Chunying Gu, Jianhua Yin, Yongchao He, Jiaxin Xie, Guangwen Cao
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

The association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations and hepatocarcinogenesis remains controversial because of conflicting data in the literature. We conducted a meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies to examine HBV PreS, enhancer II (EnhII), basal core promoter (BCP), and precore mutations in relation to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).We searched databases for studies of these associations that were published in English or Chinese up to August 31, 2008. HBV mutation-specific odds ratios and relative risks were pooled by use of a random-effects model and stratified by potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided.Of the 43 studies included in this meta-analysis, 40 used a case-control design. The 43 studies evaluated a total of 11 582 HBV-infected participants, of whom 2801 had HCC. Statistically significant summary odds ratios of HCC were obtained for any PreS mutation (3.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.57 to 5.52), C1653T in EnhII (2.76, 95% CI = 2.09 to 3.64), T1753V (2.35, 95% CI = 1.63 to 3.40), and A1762T/G1764A in BCP (3.79, 95% CI = 2.71 to 5.29). PreS mutations were more strongly associated with an increased risk of HCC in subjects who were infected with HBV genotype C than in those who were infected with HBV genotype B, whereas the opposite was true for A1762T/G1764A. C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A were more strongly associated with an increased risk of HCC in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive subjects than in HBeAg-negative subjects. PreS mutations, C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A accumulated during the progression of chronic HBV infection from the asymptomatic carrier state to HCC (P(trend) < .001 for each mutation). PreS mutations, C1653T, C1653T + T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A-based combinations of mutations had specificities greater than 80% for the prediction of HCC. The precore mutations G1896A and C1858T were not associated with the risk of HCC, regardless of HBeAg status and HBV genotype.HBV PreS mutations, C1653T, T1753V, and A1762T/G1764A are associated with an increased risk of HCC. These mutations alone and in combination may be predictive for hepatocarcinogenesis.
Quantitation and visualization of alkyl deoxynucleosides in the DNA of mammalian cells by monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: J Adamkiewicz, G Eberle, N Huh, P Nehls, M F Rajewsky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Conventional radiochromatographic procedures for the quantitation of carcinogen/mutagen-induced structural DNA modifications have a number of limitations. Thus, these techniques for the most part require application of radioactively labeled carcinogens and the use of relatively large amounts of DNA for analysis at low levels of DNA modification. Radiochromatographic methods also preclude analyses at the level of single cells and DNA molecules. Recently developed immunoanalytical methods have improved this situation considerably. Monoclonal antibodies (Mab) characterized by a high substrate specificity and affinity, in combination with radio- and enzyme-immunoassays, or with
The Influence of Biographical Anamnesis and Group Psychotherapy on Poshnyocardial Patients
Authors: P. Hahn, R. Leisner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

Two groups of postmyocardial patients were tested by means of three psychological tests: MMQ, MPI and MMPI. Group I (n = 17) was intensively explored by means of a biographical anamnesis before undergoing the tests and were about to be treated by group-psychotherapy. Group II (n = 16) was only under normal control and medical attendance as is common for postmyocardial patients. Both groups showed increased values for neuroticism (MPI and MMPI), L-scales and other clinical scales of the MMPI. The following differences were found: the controls reached a relatively higher score on extraversion (MPI). All scores of the clinical MMPI-scales for group I were found to be higher than for group II. The L-score of the MMPI was lower for group I than for group II. The difference between the two mean profiles showed to be significant. The authors draw attention to the necessity of mentioning the preceding procedures and interpret the results according to psychoanalytical findings as follows: Confronted with their own symptoms the therapy-patients are less characterized by prejudices and defense mechanisms than the controls are. This seems to be the first result of psychotherapeutic treatment–as indicated by psychological questionnaires.
Pregnancy in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: F. D. Hart, A. C. H. Bell, G. S. W. Organe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1951)

Ankylosing spondylitis is relatively uncommon in females, the sex ratio usually lying in the region of 10: 1, male: female.The question of pregnancy occurring in spondylitics, however, still arises as, compared with rheumatoid arthritis, the age at onset is considerably less, spondylitis usually starting in the third decade.In view of the early fixation of sacro-iliac joints and the general pelvic rigidity in advanced cases, the management of such a patient demands close co-ordination between physician, obstetrician, and anaesthetist.References to pregnancy in spondylitis are not common; Steinberg (1948) gives case histories ofthree patients, only one of whom was observed throughout pregnancy by the author.In view of the not uncommon dramatic reversal of the clinical picture in rheumatoid arthritis when pregnancy occurs, the two following case histories are. of interest, for such improvement failed to occur in either subject.Case Histories Case 1. Married Woman, aged 31.Pain in the right hip on walking commenced in 1939.This was intermittent and disappeared completely in 1946.In 1943 pains across the back were attributed to fibrositis.In 1944 pains commenced in the shoulder.girdle,accompanied by a feeling of stiffness.In 1947 an acute bout of pain and stiffness in the neck lasted for two weeks.During this year the pains in the back increased, being worse in the early morning when she felt very stiff.In 1948 the back pain was aggravated by coughing and sneezing, and the front of her chest was also painful.Neck pains returned.X rays of the neck were taken and were negative.Previous history and family history were irrelevant.When first seen by one of us (F.D.H.) in July, 1948, the main complaint was of low backache and stiffness, worse in the morning and impr6ving through the day.Her ribs ached on occasion.On examination physical signs were not marked.The spine appeared to move almost normally.In view of her history skiagrams were taken.These showed ankylosing spondylitis with advanced changes in both sacro-iliac joints, the left being completely ankylosed, the right partially.The intervertebral joints in the lumbar region did not appear to be involved.There was no ligamentous ossification.Hips and ischial tuberosities were normal, and a skiagram of the heart and lungs was also normal.She was admitted to Westminster Hospital in September, 1948.The only positive findings on examination were restriction of chest expansion below the breasts to i inch, slight limitation of movements of the neck and lumbar spine, and some tenderness over the left side of the sternum.54
Misdiagnosis of conversion symptoms
Authors: James Paul Pandarakalam
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemiaData from north west England support Oxfordshire findings Editor-Wyllie et al conclude that admission cultures accounted for 24% of total hospital methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia episodes over seven years to March 2004. 1 Data collected from five district general hospitals and one university hospital in Cheshire and Merseyside and one district general hospital in greater Manchester support this view.This group of hospitals has collected enhanced MRSA bacteraemia surveillance data using published case definitions from the Department of Health since April 2004.Anonymised data are collected on paper forms and analysed using the FORMIC data capture system.In all, 534 cases of S aureus bacteraemia were identified between April 2004 and March 2005, 334 being methicillin sensitive S aureus bacteraemia and 200 MRSA bacteraemia.Sixty six of the MRSA bacteraemia cases occurred within 48 hours of arrival in hospital, 16 being related to a previous hospital admission, 25 in patients known to have been colonised with MRSA, and 13 in patients admitted from nursing or residential homes.Thirty five cases were admitted as medical specialties, 25 of them in patients over 65.Our results support the suggestion by Wyllie et al that anti-MRSA treatment should be considered for patients with possible staphylococcal sepsis who have previously been admitted or known to be colonised with MRSA.In a predominantly district general hospital setting, anti-MRSA treatment should also be considered for possible staphylococcal sepsis in elderly medical admissions and admissions from nursing homes.
Role of Fc gamma receptors in the activation of neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates isolated from the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J.J. Robinson, F Watson, R.C. Bucknall, S.W. Edwards
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis contains both soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates which activate reactive oxidant production in human neutrophils. The objectives were to determine the roles played by Fc gamma receptors in activation of neutrophils by these complexes. Pronase treatment was used to remove Fc gamma RIII from the neutrophil surface and blocking monoclonal antibodies were used to prevent the binding of complexes to Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII. When Fc gamma RIII was removed from the cell surface by pronase treatment, activation by the soluble aggregates did not occur [mean (SD) inhibition 89 (16)%, n = 6] whereas activation via the insoluble aggregates was less affected [34 (16)%, n = 6]. Blocking the binding to Fc gamma RIII with antibodies decreased activation in response to the soluble aggregates [mean (SD) inhibition 71 (22)%, n = 8] but again had a lower effect on activation by the insoluble aggregates [40 (17)%, n = 9]. When binding to Fc gamma RII was blocked, activation via the soluble aggregates was substantially inhibited [mean (SD) 93 (13)%, n = 8] whereas that via the insoluble aggregates was inhibited to a much lesser extent [28 (38)%, n = 9]. When Fc gamma RII and III were simultaneously blocked, activation by the insoluble aggregates was only inhibited by 45% [(19), n = 5]. These data thus indicate that activation of human neutrophils by soluble immunoglobulin aggregates from rheumatoid synovial fluid occurs via cooperative occupancy of both Fc gamma RII and III: perturbation of binding to either of these receptor classes will abrogate activation.
Optimal power generation by the left ventricle. A study in the anesthetized open thorax cat.
Authors: G J van den Horn, N Westerhof, G Elzinga
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

We studied the interaction of the left ventricle and the systemic arterial bed in the open thorax cat. In the steady state, the ventricle can be characterized by the pump function graph (i.e., the relationship between mean left ventricular pressure and mean outflow). From this pump function graph, the apparent source resistance of the heart is found. Apparent source resistance is defined as the ratio of the difference between maximal and actual mean left ventricular pressure, and mean outflow. The arterial system can be characterized by the ratio of mean aortic pressure and mean flow (peripheral resistance). The pressure and flow at which the heart operates is defined as the working point. We have investigated whether the ventricle in the intact cat is working optimally, i.e., that it cannot increase work output further at the end-diastolic volume, contractile state, and prevailing heart rate. This condition is considered as "matching" of ventricle and load. It could be shown that optimal power is transferred when the ratio of peripheral and apparent source resistance equals twice the ratio of mean aortic and mean left ventricular pressure (the matching principle). In four cats, we observed that mean aortic and mean left ventricular pressures are proportionally related. Mean external power (the time integral of the product of pressure and flow divided by cycle length) and steady power (the product of mean pressure and mean flow) were found to be proportional as well. These proportionalities allow for the calculation of peripheral resistance and mean external power from the pump function graph. Pump function graphs were determined in three groups: control (n = 9), atrial pacing (n = 8), and halothane (n = 5). We compared the ratio of peripheral and source resistance at the working point and at the point of optimal work output (expressed in steady ventricular power). It could be shown that, in all investigated groups, the power optimum and the working point coincide. It was concluded that circulatory control in the intact anesthetized cat keeps the ventricle at optimal work output under the conditions studied.
Extraneous Substances in the Eye
Authors: A. Prichard
Journal: BMJ (1852)

Monday.-Continues convalescent, and feels little more than general feebleness, from which she soon recovered.Case 2.-Mr.Harvey, clerk of St. Werburgh's Church, aged 54, states that on rising in the morning of Mfonday, the 29th of August, he was affected with diarrhoea, accompanied with general lassitude, slight pain of the bowels, and faintness; motions very fre- quent, liquid, and copious.Had taken on the preceding night eel pie for supper, of which he says he eat very sparingly.The whole of Monday diarrhoea continued, with little abatement, for which he repeatedly took brandy.Tuesday morning he had a rhubarb draught, and occasionally took brandy; felt better, and walked about the town transacting business; in the afternoon motions much more frequent, copious, and liquid, with increased faintness.He continued occasionally to take brandy.About 11 o'clock, P.M., on getting out of bed, was seized with cramps of the arms and legs, fell down, and was unable to rise ; whilst on the floor had a copious and involuntary motion, passed with great force, and he became extremely faint.On being lifted into bed I was immediately sent for.I found him greatly ex-
Statistical Power of Negative Randomized Controlled Trials Presented at American Society for Clinical Oncology Annual Meetings
Authors: Philippe L. Bedard, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Melania Pintilie, Ian F. Tannock
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

To investigate the prevalence of underpowered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) presented at American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meetings.We surveyed all two-arm phase III RCTs presented at ASCO annual meetings from 1995 to 2003 for which negative results were obtained. Post hoc calculations were performed using a power of 80% and an alpha level of .05 (two sided) to determine sample sizes required to detect small, medium, and large effect sizes. For studies reporting a proportion or time-to-event as primary end point, effect size was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR), respectively, with a small effect size defined as OR/HR >or= 1.3, medium effect size defined as OR/HR >or= 1.5, and large effect size defined as OR/HR >or= 2.0. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with lack of statistical power.Of 423 negative RCTs for which post hoc sample size calculations could be performed, 45 (10.6%), 138 (32.6%), and 233 (55.1%) had adequate sample size to detect small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively. Only 35 negative RCTs (7.1%) reported a reason for inadequate sample size. In a multivariable model, studies that were presented at oral sessions (P = .0038), multicenter studies supported by a cooperative group (P < .0001), and studies with time to event as primary outcome (P < .0001) were more likely to have adequate sample size.More than half of negative RCTs presented at ASCO annual meetings do not have an adequate sample to detect a medium-size treatment effect.
Effects of Walking on Coronary Heart Disease in Elderly Men
Authors: Amy A. Hakim, J. David Curb, Helen Petrovitch, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Katsuhiko Yano, G. Webster Ross, Lon R. White, Robert D. Abbott
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Effects of walking on the risk of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality have not been identified in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine whether walking is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in a sample of elderly men. Methods and Results —For this study, distance walked (mile/d) was examined at a baseline examination that occurred from 1991 to 1993 in the Honolulu Heart Program. Incident coronary heart disease from all causes was observed over a 2- to 4-year follow-up period. Subjects followed up were 2678 physically capable elderly men aged 71 to 93 years. During the course of follow-up, 109 men developed coronary heart disease. Men who walked &lt;0.25 mile/d had a 2-fold increased risk of coronary heart disease versus those who walked &gt;1.5 mile/d (5.1% versus 2.5%; P &lt;0.01). Men who walked 0.25 to 1.5 mile/d were also at a significantly higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who walked longer distances (4.5% versus 2.5%; P &lt;0.05). Adjustment for age and other risk factors failed to alter these findings. Conclusions —Findings from the Honolulu Heart Program, which targeted physically capable elderly men, suggest that the risk of coronary heart disease is reduced with increases in distance walked. Combined with evidence that suggests that an active lifestyle reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in younger and more diverse groups, this suggests that important health benefits could be derived by encouraging the elderly to walk.
Relationship of regional adiposity to insulin resistance and serum triglyceride levels in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Ataru Taniguchi, Yoshikatsu Nakai, Masahiko Sakai, Satoru Yoshii, Daizaburo Hamanaka, Yasuhiko Hatae, Mayumi Kawata, Kazufumi Yamanouchi, Takahide Okumura, Kentaro Doi, Kumpei Tokuyama, Shoichiro Nagasaka, Mitsuo Fukushima
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
CONTEMPO '89: JAMA Continues to Offend the Omitted, Sexology Makes It Especially Disconcerting
Authors: Daniel R. LeGrand
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I enjoyed your recent issue<sup>1</sup>on what's new in the various subspecialties of medicine but was disturbed to find that there was no section on vascular surgery, which has now evolved into a distinct subspecialty. It is my recommendation that in future issues a section be devoted to the recent developments in general vascular surgery. This omission was especially disconcerting when one notes that there was a special area of developments in sexology.
NUMBER OF MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES OF VENTRICULAR PREMATURE BEATS WITH FRAGMENTED QRS WAVES MAY PREDICT POOR PROGNOSIS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY SUBJECTS WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERIES
Authors: Koya Ozawa, Nobusada Funabashi, Hiroyuki Takaoka, Masae Uehara, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Intrathecal Gentamicin for Refractory Gram-Positive Meningitis
Authors: Robert D. Shuman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The mortality for meningitis due to<i>Staphylococcus aureus or Listeria monocytogenes</i>remains high, ranging from 32% to 77%. We treated a patient with staphylococcal meningitis refractory to methicillin sodium and oxacillin sodium, and a patient with<i>Listeria</i>meningitis refractory to penicillin G potassium and ampicillin sodium; both patients were cured when intrathecal gentamicin sulfate was added to the regimen. The combination of intrathecal gentamicin and a penicillin may be beneficial in refractory staphylococcal or<i>Listeria</i>meningitis. (<i>JAMA</i>240:469-471, 1978)