tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Pregnancy Sex Steroids and Maternal Breast Cancer: A Nested Case–Control Study
Authors: Renée T. Fortner, Helena Schock, Rudolf Kaaks, Matti Lehtinen, Eero Pukkala, Hans-Åke Lakso, Minna Tanner, Raija Kallio, Heikki Joensuu, Kjell Grankvist, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Paolo Toniolo, Eva Lundin, Helja-Marja Surcel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Pregnancy, parity, and circulating steroid hormone levels are associated with risk of breast cancer, but little is known about hormone concentrations during pregnancy and subsequent breast cancer risk. We evaluated early pregnancy (&amp;lt;140 days gestation) serum estradiol, estrone, progesterone, and testosterone and breast cancer risk in a nested case–control study in the Finnish Maternity Cohort. The cohort includes 98% of pregnancies registered in Finland since 1983. Individuals with samples collected in the first pregnancy leading to a live birth were eligible. Breast cancer cases (n = 1,199) were identified through linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry; 2,281 matched controls were selected using incidence density sampling. ORs were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Hormone concentrations were not associated with breast cancer overall. Estradiol was positively associated with risk of breast cancer diagnosed age &amp;lt;40 [4th vs. 1st quartile OR 1.60 (1.07–2.39); Ptrend = 0.01], and inversely associated with breast cancer diagnosed at age ≥40 [4th vs. 1st quartile OR 0.71 (0.51–1.00); Ptrend = 0.02]. Elevated concentrations of the steroid hormones were associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative tumors in women age &amp;lt;40 at diagnosis. We observed no association between steroid hormones and ER+/PR+ disease. These data suggest a positive association between high concentrations of early pregnancy steroid hormones and risk of ER−/PR− breast cancer in women diagnosed age &amp;lt;40, and an inverse association for overall breast cancer diagnosed age ≥40. Further research on pregnancy hormones and risk of steroid receptor–negative cancers is needed to further characterize this association. Cancer Res; 74(23); 6958–67. ©2014 AACR.
Structure-activity relationships of estrogens.
Authors: V C Jordan, S Mittal, B Gosden, R Koch, M E Lieberman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The last 50 years has seen an exponential rise in the published reports about estrogen action. The model to describe the early events in the mechanism of action of estrogens via the estrogen receptor is updated in this paper to incorporate some of the recent data on the subcellular localization of the receptor. New evidence suggests that the receptor is a nuclear protein, so it appears that estrogens must first diffuse into the nuclear compartment to initiate estrogen action via the receptor complex. This review traces the development of potent estrogenic compounds by the study of their structure-activity relationships. Studies of structure-activity relationships in vivo using Allen Doisy or 3-day uterine weight tests can provide much valuable information, but the assays suffer from the complex problems of pharmacokinetics and metabolic transformation. Studies in vitro using primary cultures of rat pituitary or uterine cells to assay the ability of a compound to induce prolactin synthesis or progesterone receptor synthesis, respectively, can provide essential information about the structural requirements for a compound to produce estrogenic effects. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that studies in vivo are required to determine whether a compound is metabolically activated to an estrogen. Estrogen receptor binding models are presented to describe the changes in a molecule that will predict high affinity for the ligand and agonist, partial agonist and antagonist properties of the ligand-receptor complex. Most estrogenic pesticides and phytoestrogens comform to the predictions of the estrogen receptor binding model.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis, Staging and Follow-Up of Esophageal and Gastric Cancer
Authors: C. J. Lightdale
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

The accumulating data show that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is highly compatible with the UICC/AJCC staging classification for esophageal and gastric cancer, based on the TNM system expressing anatomical extent of disease. The great strength of EUS in staging these cancers is its ability to image the gut wall and adjacent structures in unique detail. EUS is more accurate than computed tomography in staging the depth of primary tumor invasion (T) and regional lymph node metastases (N). High frequency EUS is not useful in staging for distant metastases (M) due to limited depth of the field. EUS also has limitations in reliably distinguishing between neoplastic and inflammatory tissue. Thus, the major use of EUS is in staging rather than in diagnosis. However, initial reports indicate that EUS may be helpful in the detection of malignancy in Barrett's esophagus, in diagnosing post-operative recurrent cancer, and in evaluating the response to non-operative therapy. EUS appears to represent an important advance in the staging and follow-up of patients with esophageal and gastric cancer. Instruments and techniques will continue to evolve, but the next level of research should be designed to show that the improved staging provided by EUS has clinical utility and can affect patient outcome.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Surgery for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chris Parker
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case 65-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A fifty-seven-year-old man entered the hospital because of fever and chest pain. Three weeks before entry a severe sore throat developed, and one week later a physician found a left peritonsillar abscess, as well as an infected ingrown toenail. These areas were incised and drained and cleared with penicillin. Since a urinalysis revealed glycosuria a diabetic diet was prescribed. Three days before admission a second injection of penicillin was given, and a urinalysis was said to show improvement. On the day before entry he began to have shaking chills, fever, pleuritic left-sided chest pain and a severe . . .
Newborn's fibrinolytic mechanism: Components and plasmin generation
Authors: James J. Corrigan, Jeffrey J. Sleeth, Monette Jeter, Charles D. Lox
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Plasminogen activity and antigen, tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and antigen, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, and plasmin generation rates were determined in 32 normal newborn plasmas and 25 normal adult plasmas. The newborns showed reduced levels of plasminogen activity and antigen and tPA antigen, and activity, normal levels of PAI activity, and slower plasmin generation rates. The slower generation was shown to be due to the hypoplasminogenemia. The in vitro plasmin generation studies also showed that the newborn needed 11 times the usual concentration of urokinase and 5 times the usual concentration of tPA to achieve the minimal activation rate of the adult.
Pay attention to the first week
Authors: C. M A Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

I assessed new mothers’ perceptions of infant feeding support in the first week in an area where a multifaceted breastfeeding promotion programme is in place1 and the local maternity unit has held the Baby Friendly award since 2001. Initiation of breast feeding has increased (39% in 1998 v 59% in 2008), but the breastfeeding rate at 10 days shows continuing early …
The Effect of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy on Body Mass Index in Adolescents With Severe Obesity
Authors: Aaron S. Kelly, Kyle D. Rudser, Brandon M. Nathan, Claudia K. Fox, Andrea M. Metzig, Brandon J. Coombes, Angela K. Fitch, Eric M. Bomberg, M. Jennifer Abuzzahab
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Medical treatment options for pediatric obesity remain limited. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists induce weight loss by suppressing appetite and increasing satiety, but few studies have evaluated this therapy as a treatment for obesity.To evaluate the effects of exenatide on body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents with severe obesity.Three-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial followed by a 3-month open-label extension.An academic medical center and an outpatient pediatric endocrinology clinic.A total of 26 adolescents (12-19 years of age) with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 1.2 times the 95th percentile or BMI ≥ 35).All patients received lifestyle modification counseling and were equally randomized to exenatide or placebo injection, twice per day.The primary end point was the mean percent change in BMI measured at baseline and 3 months. Secondary end points included absolute change in BMI, body weight, body fat, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and lipids at 3 months.Twenty-two patients completed the trial. Exenatide elicited a greater reduction in percent change in BMI compared with placebo (-2.70% [95% CI, -5.02% to -0.37%]; P = .03). Similar findings were observed for absolute change in BMI (-1.13 [95% CI, -2.03 to -0.24]; P = .02) and body weight (-3.26 kg [95% CI, -5.87 to -0.66 kg]; P = .02). Although not reaching the level of statistical significance, reduction in systolic blood pressure was observed with exenatide. During the open-label extension, BMI was further reduced in those initially randomized to exenatide (cumulative BMI reduction of 4%).These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy for the treatment of severe obesity in adolescents.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01237197.
Melanoma — An Unlikely Poster Child for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Keiran S.M. Smalley, Vernon K. Sondak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Personalized medicine has long been a mainstay of the treatment of localized melanoma, involving surgical decisions that are individualized on the basis of measured differences as small as 0.01 mm, as well as other biomarkers of metastatic potential, such as the presence of ulceration or mitoses.1 Once melanoma spreads beyond the regional nodes, however, the lack of validated molecular targets hampers efforts to individualize therapy.In this issue of the Journal, Flaherty and coworkers2 provide clinical proof that mutations in the gene encoding the serine–threonine protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF) are bona fide therapeutic targets in melanoma. A remarkable . . .
HIGH DOSE ATORVASTATIN REDUCES PERIODONTAL ACTIVITY IN PROPORTION TO ATHEROSCLEROTIC INFLAMMATION: A POTENTIALLY NOVEL PLEIOTROPIC EFFECT OF STATINS
Authors: Hamed Emami, Sharath Subramanian, Esad Vucic, Jayanthi Vijayakumar, Kenneth Fifer, Thomas J. Brady, James HF Rudd, Zahi A. Fayad, Thomas E. Van Dyke, Ahmed Tawakol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Fiction of Informed Consent
Authors: Eugene G. Laforet
Journal: JAMA (1976)

FEW FABRICATED concepts of recent vintage have achieved the currency, uncritical and ungrudging, of "informed consent." The term is so semantically felicitous, so easy to say, so straightforward and uncomplicated, that it must seem churlish indeed to suggest that it is a fraud. But Socrates said in<i>Cratylus</i>(Jowett [trans]): "He who first gave names and gave them according to his conception of the things which they signified; if his conception was erroneous, shall we not be deceived by him?" It is perhaps thought-provoking to point out that those who write so knowingly of this "doctrine" are lawyers, who find it a convenient notion in medical malpractice suits; medical academicians, who are insulated from the realities of patient care by a host of underlings; or directors of research, who delegate the actual conduct of their experiments to assistants. No one, however, who is involved at the doctor-patient level, in either
The Risk Takers
Authors: Warner Wells
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<i>The Risk Takers</i>is an interesting chronological account of numerous highlights in the development of cardiac surgery, dating from Rehn's successful suture of a cardiac laceration in 1896 to the present. Perhaps we should emphasize that this book is written for an intelligent lay audience rather than the medical profession or the medical historian. Nevertheless, Mr. McLeave's use of historical information and technological advancement in cardiac surgery will interest the general medical reader and, we hope, stimulate an interest in medical history and the history of science among medical students and house officers. The scope of this book, on the other hand, leaves it open to criticism. In a medical specialty developing as rapidly as open heart surgery, the short time span does not permit mature judgment on the relative importance of individuals or the definitive validity of all opinions and techniques. As a result, important persons, as well as
Identification and characterization of a novel P2Y12 variant in a patient diagnosed with type 1 von Willebrand disease in the European MCMDM-1VWD study
Authors: Martina E. Daly, Ban B. Dawood, William A. Lester, Ian R. Peake, Francesco Rodeghiero, Anne C. Goodeve, Michael Makris, Jonathan T. Wilde, Andrew D. Mumford, Stephen P. Watson, Stuart J. Mundell
Journal: Blood (2009)
Forever Unprepared — The Predictable Unpredictability of Pathogens
Authors: Kent A. Sepkowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The recent behavior of two infamous pathogens — methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and this winter's pre-swine edition of influenza virus — has proved an embarrassment to scientists everywhere. Both organisms have flouted the most basic tenet of the field of infectious disease, our bedrock belief that resistance to antimicrobial agents is caused by exposure to those same antimicrobial agents. It is our version of Newton's third law, that for each action there is an equal and opposite reaction. And on this assumption we have built the entire public health approach to preventing the emergence of drug resistance: we preach, if . . .
Death toll mounts in avian flu outbreak
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The death toll from H5N1 avian influenza in Asia rose to eight earlier this week, as the BMJ went to press. By Tuesday, six people had died in Vietnam and two in Thailand. All but one of those who died were children, and all had had direct contact with infected poultry.

The disease in poultry is spreading across Asia, with Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Laos announcing outbreaks in addition to Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. The …
Fatal multisystemic toxicity associated with prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine.
Authors: R K Curley, A W Macfarlane
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Serum lipid levels at admission (day 0), and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 30 days after acute myocardial infarction.Results are means (and SD) Days: 0 2 4 6 8 10 30 Total cholesterol (mmol/l) 4 53 (1 08) 4 14 (1 00) 4-44 (1-11) 4-67 (1-09) 4-94 (1 08) 5 16 (1-13) 5 94 (143)* HDL cholesterol(mmol'l) 0-97 (0 23) 0-88 (0 21) 0 85 (0 17) 0 87 (0 12) 0-94 (0 14) 0-99 (0-16) 1 09 (0 17)tTriglycerides (mmol,il) 1-29 (0-52) 1-38 (0 63) 1-49 (0-80) 1.53 (0-64) 1 62 (0 75) 1 86 (0-96)$ 2 13 (112)+ *Significantly raised compared with admission p<00025.tSignificantly raised compared with fourth day after admission p < 0-01.$Significantly raised compared with admission p < 0 05.Conversion: SI to traditional units-Cholesterol: 1 mmol/l 38-6 mg!100 ml.Triglycerides: 1 mmol/I 88-5 mg/ 100 ml.
A novel β‐thalassemia intermedia phenotype containing Nt494+129T→C and NT494+132C→A mutations <i>in cis</i> and a Nt168C→T (β<sup>o</sup> 39 point) mutation <i>in trans</i>
Authors: John A. Heath, Katherine Beaverson, Patricia Giardina, Corinne Boehm, Garry Cutting
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)
Recognition of two distinct major antigens by bullous pemphigoid sera
Authors: A.L. COOK, T.H.P. HANAHOE, R.B. MALLETT, R.J. PYE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Sera from 17 patients with bullous pemphigoid identified a range of polypeptides of relative molecular mass (Mr) 240,000, 230,000, 190,000, 180,000, 120,000 and 100,000 from extracts of SCaBER cells, cultured human keratinocytes or human epidermis, using an immunoblotting technique. The pattern of polypeptides was characteristic for the patient serum and individual sera identified similar polypeptides from all three substrates. All 17 sera recognized major polypeptides of either Mr 230,000 (II sera) or Mr 180,000 (seven sera) under the denaturing conditions used for immunoblotting studies. Sera from 12 patients were also examined using an immunoprecipitation technique. Polypeptide(s) of Mr 230,000 were immunoprecipitated from extracts of SCaBER cells by II of these sera, despite immunoblotting patterns of Mr 180,000(or less) for three of the II sera. None of the minor polypeptides recognized in immunoblotting studies were immunoprecipitated by these sera. Localization of antigens was determined by binding of sera to intact or permeabilized SCaBER cells in an ELISA. Sera which recognized the Mr 230,000 polypeptide under denaturing conditions also identified an intracellular epitope in SCaBER cells, while sera which identified the denatured Mr 180,000 polypeptide bound to a cell surface epitope. Two distinct major antigens are recognized by bullous pemphigoid sera. These both appear as molecules of Mr 230,000 under non‐denaturing conditions, but only one of the molecules is dissociated to produce a Mr 180,000 polypeptide under denaturing conditions. Epitopes on these two major antigens are localized on either side of the cell membrane.
Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade and outcome of cardiogenic shock complicating acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation
Authors: David Hasdai, Robert A. Harrington, Judith S. Hochman, Robert M. Califf, Alexander Battler, James W. Box, Maarten L. Simoons, Jaap Deckers, Eric J. Topol, David R. Holmes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
The suitability of SunCheckR patches and TanscanR cards for monitoring the sunburning effectiveness of sunlight
Authors: H. MOSELEY, R.M. MACKIE, J. FERGUSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

UV-sensitive products which undergo a colour change on exposure to UV radiation are available for use by the general public. We have evaluated SunCheck patches of various sensitivities, and Tanscan UV sensor cards, in terms of their temperature stability, wavelength response and response to sunlight. The products exhibited no perceptible colour change when the temperature was maintained at 45 degrees C for 4 hours; on exposure to monochromatic radiation, the sensitivity peaked at a wavelength of 335 and 355 nm for SunCheck and Tanscan, respectively; the response to sunlight under clear conditions was reasonably consistent, with the coefficient of variation for each type of material ranging between 12.5 and 27%. These products are based on the incorrect concept that there is a 'safe' dose of UV radiation. Thus, they cannot be recommended to the public as a reliable way of reducing the risk of skin cancer.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of hip fracture in relation to dietary and lifestyle factors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: H. Khalili, E. S. Huang, B. C. Jacobson, C. A. Camargo, D. Feskanich, A. T. Chan
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To examine the association between chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and risk of hip fracture.Prospective cohort study.Nurses' Health Study, which originally recruited from the 11 most populous states in the US.79,899 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study who provided data on the use of PPIs and other risk factors biennially since 2000 and were followed up to 1 June 2008.Incident hip fractureDuring 565,786 person years of follow-up, we documented 893 incident hip fractures. The absolute risk of hip fracture among regular users of PPIs was 2.02 events per 1000 person years, compared with 1.51 events per 1000 person years among non-users. Compared with non-users, the risk of hip fracture among women who regularly used PPIs for at least two years was 35% higher (age adjusted hazard ratio 1.35 (95% confidence interval 1.13 to 1.62)), with longer use associated with increasing risk (P(trend)<0.01). Adjustment for risk factors, including body mass index, physical activity, and intake of calcium did not materially alter this association (hazard ratio 1.36 (1.13 to 1.63)). These associations were also not changed after accounting for reasons for PPI use. The relation between PPI use and fracture differed by smoking history (P(interaction)=0.03). Among current and former smokers, PPI use was associated with greater than 50% increase in risk of fracture, with a multivariate hazard ratio for fracture of 1.51 (1.20 to 1.91). In contrast, among women who never smoked there was no association (multivariate hazard ratio 1.06 (0.77 to 1.46)). In a meta-analysis of these results with 10 prior studies, the pooled odds ratio of hip fracture associated with PPI use was 1.30 (1.25 to 1.36).Chronic use of PPIs is associated with increased risk of hip fracture, particularly among women with a history of smoking.
SUVmax reduction improves early prognosis value of interim positron emission tomography scans in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: René-Olivier Casasnovas, Michel Meignan, Alina Berriolo-Riedinger, Stéphane Bardet, Anne Julian, Catherine Thieblemont, Pierre Vera, Serge Bologna, Josette Brière, Jean-Philippe Jais, Corinne Haioun, Bertrand Coiffier, Franck Morschhauser
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Use of Autologous Blood
Authors: Norman E. McSwain
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  I read with interest the article by the National Blood Resource Education Program Expert Panel entitled  Use of Autologous Blood. 1 The use of autologous blood for replacement has been greatly neglected in the United States. The ease of availability of blood transfusions and our ignoring blood-borne disease and other transfusion problems has contributed to the overuse of banked blood. There is one statement, however, in the article that at first glance would seem correct, yet is not based on currently available data. Autotransfusion with gastrointestinal tract-contaminated blood that has been washed by an autotransfusion device can be safely used, especially when rapid transfusion is required in the trauma patient.  For almost 10 years now, we have been using such blood to manage trauma patients at Charity Hospital. We are aware of no infection that could be related to reinfusion of this blood. Such a