tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pituitary Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Normal Human Volunteers: Occult Adenomas in the General Population
Authors: Walter A. Hall, Mark G. Luciano, John L. Doppman, Nicholas J. Patronas, Edward H. Oldfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine the prevalence of focal lesions of the pituitary gland that suggest the presence of a pituitary adenoma in asymptomatic persons.100 normal volunteers (70 women, 30 men; age range, 18 to 60 years old) were studied by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland before and after administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA).Occult pituitary adenomas are identified at autopsy in 3% to 27% of unselected asymptomatic patients. The frequency of incidental pituitary adenomas detected by MRI in normal persons is unknown.The MRI scans from volunteers were randomly mixed with scans of 57 patients with Cushing disease and interpreted independently by three blinded reviewers.Seven women (10%) and three men (10%) had focal areas of decreased signal intensity in the pituitary gland after administration of Gd-DTPA. The lesions ranged from 3 to 6 mm in greatest diameter and were diagnosed as pituitary adenomas by at least two of the three reviewers. When similar lesions were detected on MRI scans in patients with Cushing disease, the positive predictive value for identification of an adenoma at that site was 86%.About 10% of the normal adult population have pituitary abnormalities on MRI scans that are compatible with the diagnosis of asymptomatic pituitary adenomas. Most pituitary adenomas remain asymptomatic and do not require treatment.
A histopathological study of the effects of 6-month versus 12-month interferon α-2b therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Marianne Ziol, Jeanne Tran Van Nhieu, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Jean-Michel Métreau, Yves Deugnier, Daniel Dhumeaux, Elie Serge Zafrani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
The effect of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin on kupffer cells in guinea pig liver
Authors: Marcello Piazza, Guglielmo Borgia, Jane Crowell, Salvatore Nappa, Alberto Lambiase, Daniel Perrissoud, Werner Schreil
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

We report a morphometric study on the effect of 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin on phagocytic activity of latex particles by Kupffer cells in guinea pig liver. We found an increase in the density of latex particles in Kupffer cells of animals treated with 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin. The volume and density of Kupffer cells of treated animals increased (p less than 0.01); there was no significant difference in surface density of the plasma membrane. None of the parameters measured was altered in endothelial cells. These results show that 3-palmitoyl-(+)-catechin produces morphological and functional changes in Kupffer cells.
A Woman Under the Influence
Authors: J. Curran
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A Woman Under the Influence examines the lives of Nick and Mabel Longhetti, a working class American couple, played by Peter Falk and Gena Rowlands (the wife of John Cassavetes), in particular the events surrounding the apparent mental breakdown of Mabel and the effect it has on her husband and family.

From the outset we can see from Rowlands’s intense performance that Mabel is under great emotional strain. Her behaviour is evidently strange, whether she is alone, as she gestures and mutters to herself, or in company, as she swings from being socially ill at …
GONORRHEAL OPHTHALMIA—REPORT OF A CASE TREATED WITH ARGONIN.
Authors: FRANK TRESTER SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1897)

C. D. R., male, aged 33. First seen Nov. 25, 1896. Two weeks before, right eye became sore, for which he was treated by his family physician. It was extremely painful until two days before, when something seemed to give way and water gushed from between the lids, after which it became easier. There was an abundant purulent discharge. The cornea was not clear at any point but had a fleshy appearance and bulged from the general curvature of the eyeball (total staphyloma). The man lived at some distance in the country and failed to attend regularly, coming only once or twice a week. For two weeks he was treated in the usual way with boracic acid, bichlorid and nitrate of silver with very little effect on the discharge, which was abundant from the time first seen. A microscopic examination by Dr. E. C. Anderson, chief of the Microscopic Laboratory
357 A potential therapy for liver metastasis mediated by the inducible expression of interleukin-12 (IL-12) using gutless adenoviral vector
Authors: R. Hernandez-Alcoceba, L. Wang, S.G. Shankar, M. Zabala, S. Kochanek, B. Sangro, M.G. Kramer, J. Prieto, C. Qian
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Chemotherapy and Chemoprophylaxis of Malaria
Authors: R. N. Chaudhuri, N. K. Chakravarty, M. N. R. Chaudhuri, S. J. Poti
Journal: BMJ (1952)

One patient also had oral and iatranAscular proguanil in addition to intravenous therapy. ProguanilEffect on Temperature and Parasite.-Theusual route of administration was by mouth, and in only a small number of cases was the parenteral method used.Orally, various dosage schedules were tried either in a single dose of 0.1 to 0.8 g. or in divided doses of 0.3 to 0.8 g. given daily over 4 to 10 days.With any of these regimes an acute attack was terminated on the third day in most cases.A daily dose of 0.3 to 0.6 g., however, seemed to produce the best results, and we think that a course of 1.8 g. given over five JIswant Singh and Bhattacharji (1944).
Hereditary Tendinous and Tuberous Xanthomatosis without Hyperlipidemia
Authors: William R. Harlan, William J. S. Still
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Multiple tendinous and tuberous xanthomas were found in two siblings with plasma lipids that were quantitatively and qualitatively normal. The predominant lipid in the xanthomatous lesions was esterified cholesterol, and the lipid composition, phosphatide distribution and ester fatty acids of xanthoma were similar to those of hyperlipidemic xanthomas. Cholesterol synthesis in these normolipidemic xanthomas was similar to that in hyperlipidemic xanthomas and less than that in skin. The results of electron microscopy and the slow rate of cholesterol synthesis suggested that plasma lipids, despite norrrtal levels, were the source of the xanthomatous material, although the precise mechanism of lipid accumulation could not be elaborated. Diffuse pulmonary infiltration and impaired gaseous exchange, found in the propositus suggested xanthomatous involvement of the lungs similar to that often present in eosinophilic granuloma, but no other characteristics of eosinophilic granuloma were evident. Normolipidemic tendinous and tuberous xanthomatosis is a distinct disease with recessive inheritance and should be classified as a reticuloendotheliosis.
Increased messenger RNA levels for low-density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase in rat liver after long-term ethanol ingestion
Authors: Helmut K. Seitz, Bernhard Kuhn, Eberhard von Hodenberg, Walter Fiehn, Christian Conradt, Ulrich A. Simanowski
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Because long-term alcohol intake leads to severe alterations of cholesterol metabolism resulting in both elevated serum cholesterol levels and increased hepatic concentrations of cholesterol esters, we investigated the effect of long-term ethanol consumption on the hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) content of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and low-density lipoprotein receptor, two major regulatory factors in cholesterol metabolism, and of apoprotein E. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets containing 36% of total calories as either ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrates for 3 wk. In addition, the lipid content of the diets was varied, resulting in 35%, 17.5%, and 8.8% of total calories corresponding to a daily intake of cholesterol of between 1.2 and 6.3 mg/kg body wt. Although increasing dietary cholesterol intake resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic mRNA for low-density lipoprotein receptor and HMG-CoA reductase (p < 0.05), long-term ethanol consumption led to a significant increase of the mRNA for both proteins (p < 0.01), and this increase was predominantly obvious in animals fed a low-cholesterol diet. In contrast, mRNA content of apoprotein E was found to be significantly lower in livers from rats fed ethanol for a prolonged period of time as compared with controls (p < 0.01), and this effect was found to be still present, although less pronounced, after low cholesterol intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Decline of Ves v 5-specific blocking capacity in wasp venom-allergic patients after stopping allergen immunotherapy
Authors: C. Möbs, J. Müller, A. Rudzio, J. Pickert, S. Blank, T. Jakob, E. Spillner, W. Pfützner
Journal: Allergy (2015)

While allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is very efficient in hymenoptera venom (HV)-allergic patients, long-term outcome after finishing AIT is not well investigated, especially regarding mechanisms that are suggested to contribute to allergen-specific tolerance. Here, we analyse the Ves v 5-inhibitory activity of sera from wasp venom-allergic patients using the novel cell-free enzyme-linked immunosorbent facilitated antigen binding (ELIFAB) assay. Compared to pre-AIT, sera from patients undergoing AIT displayed an increased ability to inhibit Ves v 5 binding by IgE antibodies. In contrast, this inhibitory activity was reduced in patients having finished AIT 5–12 years ago. Allergen-blocking capacity correlated with serum concentrations of Ves v 5-specific IgG4 which rose during AIT but almost reached pretreatment levels in patients who had stopped AIT more than 5 years ago. These data raise questions about how long allergen tolerance is maintained in AIT-treated HV-allergic patients and suggest that the ELIFAB assay might be an easy-to-use tool assessing long-term tolerance in patients treated with HV-AIT.
HIGH LIGATION IN TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: J. M. Bruner
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A communication toThe Journal, August 16, page 553, by Dr. J. M. Hayes questions the safety of high ligation in the treatment of varicose veins. Instead, injection treatment is advocated in the upper part of the thigh as well as in the lower leg. Pulmonary embolism is probably the chief hazard in the treatment of varicose veins. It was the cause of the high mortality of early radical surgical procedures (vein resection, vein stripping and so on), after which patients were of necessity bedfast. Later, with the development of ambulatory injection treatment, embolism became rare. Obviously any form of treatment of varicose veins, whether by surgery, injection or ligation, involves the possibility of embolism, since all forms of treatment produce thrombi. But it seems unlikely that ambulatory ligation of the upper end of the great saphenous vein is more dangerous than the injection of sclerosing agents
Evidence for Right Ventricular Lipotoxicity in Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Anna R. Hemnes, Evan L. Brittain, Aaron W. Trammell, Joshua P. Fessel, Eric D. Austin, Niki Penner, Karen B. Maynard, Linda Gleaves, Megha Talati, Tarek Absi, Thomas DiSalvo, James West
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Rationale: Shorter survival in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH), often due to BMPR2 mutation, has been described in association with impaired right ventricle (RV) compensation. HPAH animal models are insulin resistant, and cells with BMPR2 mutation have impaired fatty acid oxidation, but whether these findings affect the RV in HPAH is unknown.Objectives: To test the hypothesis that BMPR2 mutation impairs RV hypertrophic responses in association with lipid deposition.Methods: RV hypertrophy was assessed in two models of mutant Bmpr2 expression, smooth muscle–specific (Sm22R899X) and universal expression (Rosa26R899X). Littermate control mice underwent the same stress using pulmonary artery banding (Low-PAB). Lipid content was assessed in rodent and human HPAH RVs and in Rosa26R899X mice after metformin administration. RV microarrays were performed using human HPAH and control subjects.Results: RV/(left ventricle + septum) did not rise directly in proportion to RV systolic pressure in Rosa26R899X but did in Sm22R899X (P < 0.05). Rosa26R899X RVs demonstrated intracardiomyocyte triglyceride deposition not present in Low-PAB (P < 0.05). RV lipid deposition was identified in human HPAH RVs but not in controls. Microarray analysis demonstrated defects in fatty acid oxidation in human HPAH RVs. Metformin in Rosa26R899X mice resulted in reduced RV lipid deposition.Conclusions: These data demonstrate that Bmpr2 mutation affects RV stress responses in a transgenic rodent model. Impaired RV hypertrophy and triglyceride and ceramide deposition are present as a function of RV mutant Bmpr2 in mice; fatty acid oxidation impairment in human HPAH RVs may underlie this finding. Further study of how BMPR2 mediates RV lipotoxicity is warranted.
US to ban sale of many laxatives over the counter
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Food and Drug Administration in the United States plans to ban the over the counter sale of medicines containing phenolphthalein, an ingredient in some popular laxatives.

The agency seeks to reclassify the ingredient as a category II constituent, an ingredient which is not generally recognised as safe and effective. The proposed ban, which is open to review for one …
Humoral Heartache — Do Platelets Have a Role?
Authors: Robert I. Handin, R. Wayne Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The possible causes of angina pectoris have intrigued physicians and their patients since the first descriptions of this disorder. Early investigators, including Sir William Osler,1 postulated that contraction of coronary arteries ("spasm" in modern terminology) might cause an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. The subsequent demonstration that most patients with angina pectoris had diseased, stenotic coronary arteries led to the alternative hypothesis that blood supply was fixed and that myocardial demand was the more important variable. Angina pectoris would then occur when the myocardial demand for oxygen exceeded that which could be delivered across a stenotic coronary artery. . . .
The association of plasma adiponectin level with carotid arterial stiffness
Authors: Takahiro Araki, Masanori Emoto, Hisayo Yokoyama, Takaaki Maeno, Sawako Hatsuda, Katsuhito Mori, Hidenori Koyama, Tetsuo Shoji, Masaaki Inaba, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Metabolism (2006)
Cancer Risk in Cystic Fibrosis: A 20-Year Nationwide Study From the United States
Authors: Patrick Maisonneuve, Bruce C. Marshall, Emily A. Knapp, Albert B. Lowenfels
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Many patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) now reach adulthood, at which time the risk of cancer is increased. The aim of this study was to determine cancer risks in nontransplanted and transplanted CF patients.From 1990 to 2009, we followed 41,188 patients who received care at one of the 250 CF care center programs in the United States and compared the observed number of cancers in nontransplanted and transplanted patients with that expected in the general US population.In 344,114 patient-years of observation of nontransplanted patients, the overall cancer risk was similar to the background risk (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0 to 1.3). However, we observed an elevated risk of digestive tract cancer (SIR = 3.5, 95% CI = 2.6 to 4.7) involving the esophago-gastric junction, biliary tract, small bowel, and colon. There was also an increased risk of testicular cancer (SIR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.7) and lymphoid leukemia (SIR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.1) and a decreased risk of malignant melanoma (SIR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.9). In 8235 patient-years of observation of transplanted patients, 26 tumors were observed compared with 9.6 expected (SIR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.8 to 3.9). The increased risk was particularly high for digestive tract cancers (SIR = 17.3, 95% CI = 10.7 to 26.5), with most cases arising in the bowel.The overall burden of cancer in CF patients remains low; however they have an increased risk of digestive tract cancer, particularly following transplantation. They also have increased risk of lymphoid leukemia and testicular cancer, and decreased risk of melanoma.
No easy answers in public CPR training
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The American Academy of Pediatrics is calling for cardiopulmonary resuscitation training for the nation's eighth graders and high school students. It is the latest chapter in a story that has not been without controversy ( JAMA 1985;254:3308-3311).  The academy's six-member Committee on School Health says that, while individual school districts may conduct such training, it is rare today to find it done on a statewide basis. An exception, committee members say, is Nebraska, where a high percentage (more than 97%, by one estimate) of high schools now teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a voluntary basis; state officials report that more than 100 persons have been saved [the term is not defined] during the past five years as a direct result. The American Heart Association says that at least two other states also have aggressive programs.  A spokesperson at the American Academy of Pediatrics' headquarters in the Chicago suburb of Elk Grove Village
Abstract 2281: Molecular mechanisms by which cFLIP overexpression regulates TRAIL-induced NF-κB activation and lymphoma survival
Authors: Hasem Habelhah, Lauren Workman, Laiqun Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Although recombinant TRAIL and agonistic antibodies directed against TRAILR1/2 are considered potential anti-cancer agents, their anti-cancer response in clinical trials was poor with the vast majority of patients showing no remission. In addition, TRAIL has been found to act as tumor promoters in certain contexts, increasing metastasis in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells by activating NF-κB. Therefore, defining the mechanism that permits TRAIL to activate NF-κB is critical for the development of strategies that maximize the potential effectiveness of TRAIL in clinical applications. We found that cFLIP-mediated and caspase-8-dependent cleavage of RIP1 at two sites, D180 in the kinase domain (KD) and D324 in the intermediate domain (ID), determines the activation state of the IKK/NF-κB pathway in response to TRAIL treatment. In apoptosis sensitive cells, caspase-8 cleaves RIP1 at KD and ID domains immediately after its recruitment to the receptor complex, impairing IKK recruitment and activation. In cFLIP-overexpressing cells, cFLIP restricts caspase-8 activity and RIP1 cleavage, generating a KD-cleaved RIP1 fragment that is capable of activating the NF-κB but not the apoptotic pathway. Of note, cFLIP expression, caspase-8 activity and RIP1 cleavage in KD per se are not directly involved in IKK activation; instead, they suppress RIP1-dependent activation of the apoptotic and necrotic cascades, and thereby ensure the integrity of the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, inflammatory ligands such as CD40L deplete cytoplasmic pool of TRAF2 and cIAP1/2, and promote RIP1 cleavage in lymphomas. Inhibition of RIP1 cleavage in KD suppresses NF-κB activation, and significantly increases TRAIL-induced cell death even in cFLIP-overexpressing lymphomas. Importantly, a portion of RIP1 is constitutively cleaved in many types of human and mouse B-cell lymphomas. These data suggest that, in addition to TRAF2- and cIAP1/2-mediated ubiquitination, cFLIP-regulated and caspase-8-dependent limited cleavage of RIP1 is a new layer of mechanism that promotes NF-κB activation and cancer cell survival. Citation Format: Hasem Habelhah, Lauren Workman, Laiqun Zhang. Molecular mechanisms by which cFLIP overexpression regulates TRAIL-induced NF-κB activation and lymphoma survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2281. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2281
Mutagenicity testing of 9-N-substituted adenines and their N-oxidation products.
Authors: J W Gorrod, C Ioannides, S P Lam, S Neville
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Adenine together with certain 9-N-substituted derivatives such as 9-methyl, 9-benzyl, 9-benzhydryl, and 9-trityl were tested against Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, and TA100 in the absence and presence of rat hepatic S9 prepared from Aroclor 1254 pretreated rats. All compounds were positive toward TA98 in the presence of the metabolic activating system, whereas they all lacked mutagenic activity in the absence of S9, and toward TA97 and TA100 with or without S9 when tested at 100 ng/plate. A similar pattern was observed for the corresponding 1-N-oxides. 6-Hydroxylaminopurine was not mutagenic toward TA100 at 100 ng/plate, whereas it was toxic toward TA97 and TA98 at this level. When tested at 1 ng/plate, hydroxylaminopurine was still toxic to TA98 but produced twice the spontaneous reversion rate to TA97 without metabolic activation. Surprisingly, 9-methyl-6-hydroxylaminopurine was only active toward TA98 in the presence of S9, whereas 9-benzyl-6-hydroxylaminopurine was highly active toward TA97 and TA100 in the absence of S9 and even more active in the presence of S9. This compound was inactive toward TA98 in the absence of S9. The results generally support the concept that nuclear N-oxidation of aminoazaheterocycles is a detoxication process, whereas N-hydroxylation of the exo amino group is a toxication reaction.
Long-term immunologic effects of thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Roberto Gerli, Roberto Paganelli, Andrea Cossarizza, Christopher Muscat, Giovanni Piccolo, Daniela Barbieri, Stefano Mariotti, Daniela Monti, Onelia Bistoni, Elda Raiola, Franco Maria Venanzi, Alberto Bertotto, Claudio Franceschi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)