tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Aging Thyroid
Authors: STEFANO MARIOTTI, CLAUDIO FRANCESCHI, ANDREA COSSARIZZA, NDALDO PINCHERA
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

THE number and proportion of elderly people are steadily growing in western societies as a consequence of increased life expectancy and reduced birth rate. This phenomenon has important social, economical, and public health implications and has generated a number of studies aimed at clarifying the basis of the physiological and pathological aspects of aging. In this context, endocrine function in the elderly has been the object of particular attention (1–9). An important concept derived from these studies is that while the equilibrium concentrations of the principal hormones are substantially normal in most healthy elderly, with advancing age there are significant alterations in hormone production, metabolism, and action, with consequent achievement of new equilibria. As proposed by Mooradian et al. (4), aging may be defined as a time of reduced adaptability to metabolic perturbation. It has been repeatedly suggested that some of these changes may play a role in the pathophysiology of senescence, but the evidence for this is still very limited. The thyroid gland plays an important and specific role in the relationships between the endocrine system and aging (10–22). First, it is well recognized that symptoms of aging can easily be confused with hypothyroidism, and in the past decreased thyroid function was believed to be one of the hallmarks of the aging process (14,16). Second, thyroid diseases are common in the elderly, but their clinical manifestations are frequently different from those seen in younger patients; they are more subtle and often hidden by a background of intercurrent disease.
What sort of international cooperation in health 2055?
Authors: G. Walt
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

In a paper comparing the challenges to international health in 1950 and 20001 one of the shifts I lamented was a loss of optimism. In 1950 there were high expectations for global cooperation through the United Nations, whereas in 2000 the UN was troubled, with global policy and cooperation dominated by the G8 nations.2 The UN's main health agency, the World Health Organization (WHO), designated to ‘direct and coordinate international health work’, was increasingly criticized and challenged by other players such as UNAIDS, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, all of which arrived on the health scene only in the past decade. So what will international cooperation in health look like in 2055?
Empathy as a special case of emotional mediation of social behavior
Authors: Filippo Aureli, Colleen M. Schaffner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Empathy can be viewed as an intervening variable to explain complex webs of causation between multiple factors and the resulting responses. The mediating role of emotion, implicit in the concept of an intervening variable, can be at the basis of the flexibility of empathic responses. Knowledge of the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms is needed for empathy to be considered as a biologically functional intervening variable.
PATIENTS, PHYSICIANS, AND GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: William A. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1952)

When a person first has gastric symptoms, he may be experiencing the full impact of a short-lived, self-terminating, and indeed trivial disorder, or he may be experiencing the introduction to a long and complicated series of events that will terminate only with death. Between these extreme situations is a vast field of human reactions and medical knowledge that may directly influence the course of the illness and determine its outcome. In this study an effort will be made to consider these various factors, particularly in their relation to that most serious of all gastric diseases, cancer. <h3>PATIENTS</h3> The average person in his first encounter with gastric symptoms will not seek medical advice unless he has pain, vomiting, or gastric hemorrhage. If any of these are prominent, he will usually go to a physician in the first 24 hours. If these symptoms are transient or mild, or if the presenting symptoms
Low-Dose Heparin Prophylaxis for Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Sol Sherry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The current decade has witnessed renewed interest and progress in the investigation of the thromboembolic disorders. Not only has there been a rapid acquisition of information concerning the fundamentals of hemostasis, blood coagulation and thrombogenesis but important developments have been taking place in their diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis. Illustrative of the latter is the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism by heparin in doses (5000 units at eight or 12 hours daily given subcutaneously and referred to as low-dose heparin) that are relatively free of bleeding complications and do not require laboratory monitoring; such a regimen, if successful, provides a safer . . .
Treatment of chronic hepatitis D with lamivudine vs. lamivudine+interferon vs. interferon: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: C. Yurdaydin, H. Bozkaya, H. Sentürk, M.W. Fried, M. Akdoǧan, F.R. Schinazi, H. Çetinkaya, E. Erden, M. Bozdayi, H. Deǧertekin, Ö. Uzunalimoǧlu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Communication Gaps Hinder Full Recovery From Depression
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Where law and ethics diverge: the ethics of intimate body searches
Authors: D. K. Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2013)

On 2 January 2013, in the small town of Denning, New Mexico, David Eckert failed to come to a complete stop at a “Stop” sign in a car park. A police officer spotted this infringement and asked him to step out of the vehicle. The officer thought Eckert appeared nervous, with an unusual posture. According to reports, an enthusiastic narcotics dog and an allegation that Eckert had previously hidden drugs in his rectum led a local judge to issue a warrant permitting an intimate body search of Eckert.

Armed with the warrant, the police brought Eckert to a doctor, who allegedly refused to perform the procedures on ethical grounds. Eckert was then taken to the regional medical centre, where he underwent radiography, digital rectal examinations, enemas, and a colonoscopy without his consent. These were performed by medical professionals.

No drugs were found. Eckert has issued proceedings against several defendants, including the city of Denning, the police officers, …
Calcineurin regulates NFAT-dependent iNOS expression and protection of cardiomyocytes: Co-operation with Src tyrosine kinase
Authors: K OBASANJOBLACKSHIRE, R MESQUITA, R JABR, J MOLKENTIN, S HART, M MARBER, Y XIA, R HEADS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

To determine the role of calcineurin and Src tyrosine kinase in the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and protection in cardiomyocytes.iNOS expression was studied in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocyte cultures in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or following transfection with constitutively active calcineurin or Src and in hearts isolated from wild-type or calcineruin Abeta knockout mice. Cell injury in response to simulated ischemia-reperfusion was studied following overexpression of active calcineurin. Regulation of the iNOS gene promoter by calcineurin was studied using promoter-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.Overexpression of constitutively active Src co-operated with [Ca2+]c elevation to induce iNOS expression, and LPS-induced iNOS expression was abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin or tyrosine kinase. LPS also induced tyrosine kinase-dependent but calcineurin-independent phosphorylation of Src Tyr418. LPS induced myocardial iNOS expression in wild-type but not calcineurin Abeta knockout mice. Overexpression of constitutively active calcinuerin in isolated cardiomyocytes caused dephosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of the c1 isoform of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATc1), induced strong iNOS expression, and induced NOS-dependent protection against simulated ischemia-reperfusion prior to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Co-transfection of a mouse iNOS promoter-luciferase reporter in combination with active calcineurin and wild-type or dominant negative Src confirmed that constitutive activation of calcineurin was sufficient for transactivation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed calcineurin-dependent in vivo binding of NFATc1 to consensus sites within the iNOS promoter.These results support a cardioprotective role for calcineurin mediated by NFAT-dependent induction of iNOS expression and co-operativity between calcineurin and Src.
Neurologic Manifestations of HIV Infection
Authors: V. Harindra
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 June 1995Neurologic Manifestations of HIV InfectionV. HarindraV. HarindraSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I commend Simpson and Tagliati [1] for their excellent review of the neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. I emphasize that cerebrovascular disease is not uncommon in HIV infection. It is estimated that 0.5% to 7% of HIV-infected patients develop cerebrovascular disease [2], a rate higher than that for the younger age group in the general population. Postmortem studies have shown abnormalities in higher proportions, of which thrombosis secondary to cerebral vasculitis appears to be the most common. The hyperviscosity syndrome and dehydration could lead to cerebral thrombosis in some patients. Hemorrhage may occur secondary ...References1. Simpson DM, Tagliati M. Neurologic manifestations of HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:769-85. Google Scholar2. Manji H, Connolly S. AIDS and the central nervous system. Part 1. Hospital Update. 1991; December:965-86. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 11Page: 883-884KeywordsCerebrovascular diseasesHIV infectionsHemorrhageHomosexualsInfectious diseasesLesionsThrombosisToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisVasculitis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
ZONULE PROTECTION IN CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: A. E. EWING
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The several discussions on cataract and the causes of failure in extraction, at the St. Louis session of the association in 1910, suggested that injury to the suspensary ligament or zonule of the lens was a factor in the failures. With the hope of eliminating a portion of this injury, I began a series of experiments in the removal of the anterior capsule of the lens, trying to do it in such a way that there would be the least possible traction on the zonule in the manipulation of the extraction. Although the number of these operations has not been great, the results are instructive, not only in regard to the immediate subject—i. e., the removal of the capsule—but also in subjects near akin to it, such as posterior capsule interference with vision, residual cortex, loss of vitreous, prolapse of the iris, the corneal incision, and the value of cultures.
TURPENTINE POISONING PRODUCING A SCARLATINOID RASH
Authors: J. DOUGLAS BLACKWOOD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

As I have been unable to find any mention, in any of the standard books of reference or in the current medical literature, of a rash appearing in turpentine poisoning, the following case is reported:  History.  —E. E., a white girl, aged 20, single, a mill operative, applied for treatment in the medical dispensary of the Germantown Hospital, March 31, 1913. She complained of a bright red, itchy rash covering the face, neck, arms, fore-arms and trunk. No rash was seen below the waist-line.  Family history was negative. The patient had measles at 7 and scarlet fever at 8; the history was otherwise negative. Because the menses did not appear when due, the patient took 25 minims and twenty-four hours later 30 minims of spirits of turpentine. The next day her face began to swell, her body felt hot and itchy and she noticed the rash. The next day, seventy-two
Treatment of Uncomplicated Infections due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Roselyn J. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1986)

GONORRHEA remains the most frequently reported infectious disease in the United States. Antimicrobial resistance in the gonococcus continues to evolve, and coinfection with<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>is a serious problem. Therefore, the periodic review of current therapies for gonorrhea to ensure effective treatment must be a major objective of the National Gonorrhea Control Program in the United States. In the past five years, the number of potentially useful antimicrobial agents for the treatment of gonococcal infections has proliferated: these include second- and third-generation cephalosporins, regimens combining the β-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid and sulbactam with penicillin and amoxicillin, and the quinolones. This article reviews (1) recent trends in gonococcal antimicrobial resistance and in vitro susceptibility to established and experimental regimens; (2) coinfection due to<i>C trachomatis</i>and<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>within the past five years; (3) therapy for incubating syphilis and gonorrhea; (4) prophylaxis of sexual partners exposed to resistant organisms; and (5)
Cardiac Output, Central Volume and Dye Injection Curves in Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistulas in Man
Authors: GEORGE E. SCHREINER, NORBERT FREINKEL, JOHN W. ATHENS, WILLIAM STONE
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Although arteriovenous fistulas are frequent in wartime, few measurements of cardiac output have been carried out by direct methods. Analysis of the curve obtained after rapid injection of T-1824 shows the feasibility of this method in patients with arteriovenous fistulas. Such patients have elevated cardiac indices, enlarged central blood volumes and acceleration of peak and manifest recirculation times. The abnormalities are corrected by surgery. Diagnostic use of the dye curve is suggested.
Too Smart for Primary Care
Authors: Ian Jenkins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters18 March 2014Too Smart for Primary CareIan Jenkins, MDIan Jenkins, MDFrom University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5006-3 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a hospitalist—an inpatient primary care physician—I sympathize with most of what Warm and Goetz (1) wrote. Of course, primary care is intellectually challenging, difficult work; of course, no one is “too smart” for the field. I chose not to specialize so that I could face the challenges of all medical specialties. But none of the authors admits what we all know: An important fraction of primary care is intellectually unstimulating.I eliminated clinic work as a career option when, frustrated by several cases of cold viruses and uncomplicated hypertension on a primary care rotation, I learned that the talented program director spent many visits each clinic day doing Papanicolaou smears. We don't need physicians with 7 years of medical training plus extensive clinical experience doing procedures that take an hour to learn. As we face a shortage of primary care clinicians, a crisis of health care costs, and insufficient respect for this crucial field, we need our generalists supervising midlevel providers who handle straightforward cases while they focus on diagnostic and management challenges.Ian Jenkins, MDUniversity of California, San DiegoSan Diego, CaliforniaReference1. Warm EJ, Goetz C. Too smart for primary care? Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:709-10. [PMID: 24247675] LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0011. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoToo Smart for Primary Care? Eric J. Warm and Celine Goetz Too Smart for Primary Care Caroline Poplin Too Smart for Primary Care Caroline Poplin Metrics 18 March 2014Volume 160, Issue 6Page: 439KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth careHealth care providersHypertensionInpatientsPrimary care ePublished: 18 March 2014 Issue Published: 18 March 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Oral Contraceptive Use and Infectivity of HIV-Seropositive Women
Authors: Charles S. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —From a cross-sectional study in Kenya, Clemetson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>recently reported an association between oral contraceptive (OC) use, cervical ectopy and pregnancy, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA detection in cervical, but not in vaginal, secretions of 97 HIV-seropositive women. They concluded that their data support the hypothesis that these factors increase the infectivity of HIV-seropositive women. Given the need for informed decision making concerning pregnancy and contraception among HIV-infected women, these results could be of considerable importance. Clemetson et al detected HIV DNA in 28 (33%) of 84 cervical samples and 13 (17%) of 77 vaginal samples. The odds ratio was used to assess the strength of the association between HIV DNA and these factors in bivariate and multivariate analyses. From the multivariate analysis, odds ratios from a logistic model regressing HIV DNA in cervical secretions on OC use, pregnancy, cervical ectopy, cervical mucopus, and
Critical Thinking about Adverse Drug Effects: Lessons from the Psychology of Risk and Medical Decision-Making for Clinical Psychopharmacology
Authors: Andrew A. Nierenberg, Jordan W. Smoller, Polina Eidelman, Yelena P. Wu, Claire A. Tilley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)

Systematic biases in decision-making have been well characterized in medical and nonmedical fields but mostly ignored in clinical psychopharmacology. The purpose of this paper is to sensitize clinicians who prescribe psychiatric drugs to the issues of the psychology of risk, especially as they pertain to the risk of side effects. Specifically, the present analysis focuses on heuristic organization and framing effects that create cognitive biases in medical practice. Our purpose is to increase the awareness of how pharmaceutical companies may influence physicians by framing the risk of medication side effects to favor their products.
Psychosocial Aspects of Disaster
Authors: Michael Thackrey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A hurricane devastates an entire region of the country; an occupied office building collapses in a busy downtown district; a nuclear reactor accident threatens, and the populace flees; a terrorist lays siege to an elementary school; a volcano awakens and disrupts life for thousands of square miles; two airliners collide over an airport, and hundreds are injured and killed; a dam breaks, and floods engulf entire cities and lives—disasters strike, and professionals need to know what will be the likely effects on communities and inhabitants, what can be done to minimize negative consequences and restore optimal functioning, and what must be done to prevent the adverse effects of future catastrophes. Disasters are cataclysmic events that disrupt entire communities, environments, and normal social networks, producing stress upon individuals. Because disaster is by definition a communitylevel event, the study of disaster has evolved from a focus on the individual toward an ecological
CURRENT THERAPY OF GOUT
Authors: Charley J. Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Although there is no known cure for gout, the control of the frequency and severity of acute attacks is satisfactory with the measures available. Failure to recognize and manage acute gout leads to much unnecessary suffering and ultimate deformity. Since recent studies point to the hereditary etiology of gout,1relatives of patients with active gout who have hyperuricemia should live moderately and avoid obesity, fatigue, exposure to extremes of temperature, excessive trauma to joints, excessive intake of foods high in purines, and all known provocatives of acute gouty arthritis.  A consideration of the treatment of gout must, by the very nature of the disease, be divided into two parts. The now well-known diagram of Dr. Philip Hench (fig. 1) illustrates the typical pattern of the disease and indicates the pretophaceous or first stage, characterized by acute recurrent arthritis with complete remissions, and the tophaceous stage, characterized by chronic arthritis
1075-163 Multislice gated cardiac computed tomography accurately estimates left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction
Authors: Bénédicte Belge, Alain Vlassenbroeck, Emmanuel Coche, Mani Vembar, Les Ciancibello, Peter C Johnson, Bernard VanBeers, Jean-Louis J Vanoverschelde, Bernhard L Gerber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract ES3-1: Early Phase Trials – What Are They For?
Authors: SG Hilsenbeck
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Early in drug development, there are lots of things we need to learn about new agents or new combinations of agents in order to make ‘good’ decisions about whether and how to proceed. The landscape of clinical trials is changing, with greater focus on targeted therapies and biomarker defined patient populations. Trial design, as we will hear in this session, must adapt to these new challenges. However, fundamentals still apply. We still need to demonstrate that drugs are safe and effective. As an introduction to the session, we will review the basic steps in drug development, especially early development, and the basic questions that must be answered at each step, in order to develop evidence for safety and efficacy.Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES3-1.