tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glucose Metabolism and Coronary Heart Disease in Patients With Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Ferdinando C. Sasso
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Context Several investigations as well as prospective studies have shown a significant correlation between glucose metabolism and atherosclerosis in patients without diabetes, but differences in parameters of glucose metabolism among the various degrees of coronary disease in such patients have not been specifically evaluated.Objective To investigate glucose metabolism in patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional study of 234 men (mean [SD] age, 56.2 [6.1] years) with NGT and suspected CHD who were admitted from January 1 through June 30, 2001, to an academic medical center in Italy for coronary angiography.Main Outcome Measures Correlation of glucose metabolic factors and extent of atherosclerosis determined by coronary angiography.Factors included levels of fasting and postload glucose and insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), and lipids, as well as insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). ResultsPatients were divided into 4 groups based on coronary angiography: no significant stenosis (n=42), 1-vessel disease (n=72), 2-vessel disease (n=64), and 3-vessel disease (n=56).Simple correlation analysis showed that the factors correlated with the extent of atherosclerosis were levels of postload glucose (r=0.667),HbA 1c (r=0.561),postload insulin (r=0.221), and fasting insulin (r=0.297), as well as HOMA-IR (r=0.278)(PϽ.001 for all).Multiple stepwise regression analysis suggested that the factors independently associated with the number of stenosed coronary arteries were levels of postload plasma glucose (r=0.572),HbA 1c (r=0.413),postload insulin (r=0.267), and fasting insulin (r=0.174), as well as HOMA-IR (r=0.250)(PϽ.001 for all).Similar results were obtained after grouping patients by Duke Myocardial Jeopardy Score. ConclusionsFor patients with NGT and different extents of atherosclerotic disease, postload glycemia and HbA 1c level are not equally distributed but are significantly higher in those with more severe disease.This suggests that the glycemic milieu correlates with the cardiovascular risk according to a linear model.
Experimentally induced steroid atrophy in the domestic pig and man
Authors: George D. Winter, J.L. Burton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article Experimentally induced steroid atrophy in the domestic pig and man Get access GEORGE D. WINTER, GEORGE D. WINTER Dermatology Department, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. BURTON J.L. BURTON Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics, Stanmore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue s12, 1 March 1976, Pages 107–109, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02278.x Published: 01 March 1976
A CLINICAL STUDY OF EPILEPSY.
Authors: J. G. BILLER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The light which science has thrown on this subject is so slight that to-day we are almost blindly groping in the dark, and those of us who come in contact with this fearful malady reach out our hands and grasp first one object then another, hoping that we are going to find the match whose tiny spark may finally illuminate the darkness about us. We can not help believing that with our increased knowledge of the secretions and excretions of the various glands of the body and the changed conditions of the blood from these and other sources, coupled with our better understanding of the nervous system, that we must to-day be in close proximity to the source of light. I have no intention of wandering into the clouds of speculation and theory, but wish to speak of a few things that I think important in our present darkness, well
The Hemodynamics of Common (or Single) Ventricle
Authors: SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, PATRICK A. ONGLEY, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Data from 43 patients with common ventricle for whom satisfactory hemodynamic data are available are presented; these form 3.2% of the patients with congenital heart disease studied by means of catheterization at the Mayo Clinic. Selective biplane angiocardiography is essential for diagnosis of common ventricle. Associated cardiovascular anomalies are common, with transposition of the great vessels occurring in 84% of the patients. The right-to-left shunt present in all 43 patients results in desaturation of systemic arterial blood. The common ventricle receives all the systemic and pulmonary venous blood [see table in the PDF file] flows; yet complete mixing is uncommon in this chamber, for it occurred in only 16% of the patients who did not have severe pulmonary stenosis. Fifty-eight per cent had oxygenated blood directed preferentially to the systemic circuit ("favorable streaming"). This occurred most commonly with L-transposition and resulted in a higher oxygen saturation of systemic arterial blood. Obstruction to pulmonary flow (from pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary vascular disease) results in a larger right-to-left shunt and lower oxygen saturation of systemic arterial blood.
The Anatomy of the Ear: A Criticism.
Authors: B. D. Harison.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Evanston, Ill., Sept. 1, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —An article on "The History of the Mastoid Operation," by Dr. Frank Allport, inThe Journal, July 14, 1906, contains certain errors regarding the anatomy of the ear that should not be allowed to pass unchallenged. In the first place, the term middle ear is repeatedly confused with the tympanum and the two terms used as synonyms, whereas the cavum tympani is but a part of the series of cavities that make up the middle ear. The middle ear includes all the series of connected cavities extending from the opening of the Eustachian tube in the pharynx to the most remote mastoid cell. In the second place, the antrum is frequently referred to as a mastoid cell. This is not at all the case. The antrum is quite distinct developmentally and pathologically from the so-called mastoid cells and as its scientific name,
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Rectal Epithelial Neoplasia
Authors: M. Fujishiro, N. Yahagi, M. Nakamura, N. Kakushima, S. Kodashima, S. Ono, K. Kobayashi, T. Hashimoto, N. Yamamichi, A. Tateishi, Y. Shimizu, M. Oka, K. Ogura, T. Kawabe, M. Ichinose, M. Omata
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

The technique of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has recently been developed for en-bloc resection of gastric tumors. For oncological reasons and in order to improve the patients' quality of life, it may be desirable to use the same technique for rectal neoplasia.Thirty-five consecutive patients with rectal neoplasia who had a preoperative diagnosis of large intraepithelial neoplasias with submucosal fibrosis or located on the rectal folds were enrolled. ESD was carried out with the same technique previously described for the stomach, with some modifications. The efficacy, complications, and follow-up results of the treatment were assessed.The rates of en-bloc resection and en-bloc plus R0 resection were 88.6 % (31 of 35) and 62.9 % (22 of 35), respectively. Hemoglobin levels did not drop by more than 2 g/dl in any of the patients after ESD. None of the patients had to receive blood transfusions or undergo emergency colonoscopy due to bleeding during ESD or hematochezia after ESD. Perforation during ESD occurred in two patients (5.7 %), who were managed with conservative medical treatment after endoscopic closure of the perforation. Excluding three patients in whom additional surgery was carried out, all but one of 32 patients were free of recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range 12 - 60 months). The exception was a patient in whom a multiple-piece resection was required; the recurrent (residual) tumor, found 2 months after ESD, was a small adenoma that was again treated endoscopically.ESD is applicable in the rectum with promising results, but the technique is still at a developmental stage and patients should be informed of the potential risks.
Sidney S Rose
Authors: V. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Sidney Rose was born in Manchester and educated at Manchester Grammar School, where he distinguished himself. He went on to study medicine at the University of Manchester and would often talk about the fact that he was taught by Victorian trained teachers.

He joined the Royal Air Force in 1942, and during his service he visited some of the newly liberated prison camps in Europe—an experience that affected him deeply and about which he …
1140-175 Hypoxia increased matrix metalloproteinase activity and superoxide formation before atherosclerosis in female artery of apolipoprotein E-knockout mice
Authors: Nobuaki Okuda, Tetsuya Hayashi, Tatsuhiko Mori, Koichi Sohmiya, Sakiko Inamoto, Yasushi Kitaura, Naoko Tazawa, Daisuke Nakano, Yasuo Matsumura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus
Authors: CHEE-CHING SUN, YAU-CHIN LU, EVELYN FUNG LEE, HIDEMI NAKAGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

One hundred and ten cases of an unusual type of naevus, which we have called naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus were studied. The naevus presents as a bilateral speckled discolouration of the skin of the face principally in the zygomatic region. The condition usually does not become apparent until the second decade of life, and is much commoner in females. No association with any other abnormalities was found. Light and electron microscopy of the speckles showed the presence of dermal melanocytes mostly in the upper dermis. A survey was also carried out to determine the prevalence of this naevus in the general population.
WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN THE TREATMENT OF OPERATIVE WOUNDS—IS IT BIOPLASTIC AND CELLULAR, OR IS IT BACTERIOLOGIC?SANITARY SCIENCE AND SURGERY FOR THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8. 1894.
Authors: R. E. HAUGHTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Have we any definite pathology, and if so, is it bioplastic and cellular or not? Dr. Hughes has told us in his paper, "it takes something more than a germ to excite disease." The President, Dr. Hibberd, said in his address: "The progress in medicine in the immediate future, must be along biologic lines, following the lead of Virchow, Beale, Ferrier, Pasteur, Kock, Sternberg and many others." I desire to accentuate this thought, and render more impressive what they have said. Surgical pathology should be comprehended in the genesis of cells. Transition and relation to the tissue should not be forgotten. That surgical pathology is based upon a careful study of pathogenesis, is the line of progress which has been most successful in developing the rich stores of knowledge in the past, and must continue to do so in the future of conservative surgery. Have we forgotten the discussion of
Transient Focal Cerebral Ischaemia
Authors: J. Marshall, R. E. Kendell
Journal: BMJ (1963)

must be inhaled in order to produce asbestesis ?" Although we have no answer directly applicable to man, we do have some indirect evidence that fairly heavy concentrations of asbestos dust are required to produce alveolar fibrosis in animals.Thus, in one experimental investigation' exposure to inadequate concentra- tions of asbestos dust has been held responsible for the dictum that short- fibred asbestos dust was non-pathogenic,' a concept now believed erroneous.4'-Wehave found 10 mg. of short-fibred chryso- tile dust injected intratracheally in rats to produce only transient focal fibrosis' and exposure of guinea-pigs and rats to ex- tremely fine chrysotile dust (19 mg./ c.mm.) for three and a half months resulted in barely perceptible fibrosis in some animals and none in others as long as 10 months later.The implications in Professor Thom- son's communications point up the need for more direct data than are now avail- able on the minimal amount of asbestos dust required for the production of recog- nizable asbestotic alveolar fibrosis.Our present information, although indirect, suggests that asbestos dust is less patho- genic than is quartz dust on a weight for weight basis.-Iam, etc.,
Treatment of Heart Failure-Reply
Authors: Charles K. Friedberg
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Dr. Wishnofsky uses an isolated, undetailed, general introductory sentence as a pretext to expound his viewpoint on matters with which I was not concerned in a 5-minute introduction to a panel on the treatment of heart failure. He makes 3 points: Modern, powerful diuretics have salutary effects. I agree as suggested by the title of my communication. Unless he is making some esoteric distinction between the terms "heart failure" and "congestive cardiac insufficiency," it is difficult to agree that diuretics should be administered in patients with mild heart failure, if they respond to limitation of activities, moderate reduction in sodium intake, and digitalization. To subject such patients to injections of organomercurials and the possible side effects of these and powerful oral diuretics appears unwarranted. Primarily he is concerned with the superiority of diuretics over digitalis. My presentation assigned no relative values to individual therapeutic
An asthmatic child with a troublesome cough
Authors: S. Turner
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 12 year old girl with an eight year history of asthma presented to her family doctor for the third time in four weeks with ongoing, troublesome, non-productive cough. The cough was described as “coming on in fits” and was disturbing her sleep. By day, the cough could be brought on by exercise or breathing in cold air but sometimes came on “out of the blue.” Once or twice a day, the cough would induce retching, and she had vomited on occasion. Over the past month she had been prescribed five days of prednisolone and a week’s worth of clarithromycin, and a long acting beta agonist had been added to her low dose inhaled steroid, all to no effect. She had no history of wheezing, and the only history of shortness of breath was during the coughing. She had two hospital admissions for asthma at ages 6 and 7 and her attendance at the practice asthma clinic had been good. She also had eczema and mild hay fever. Her mother had asthma and was a regular smoker. Her immunisations were all up to date. Examination was normal aside from a right sided subconjunctival haematoma.
Abstract 80: Streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in human hepatoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Haider Raza, Annie John
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Streptozotocin (STZ) is an antibiotic often used in the treatment of different types of cancers, including the liver cancer. STZ is also highly cytotoxic to the normal pancreatic beta-cells and therefore is being commonly used to develop experimental type 1 diabetes in rat and mouse models. Resistance towards STZ-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells has also been reported. The precise molecular mechanism of STZ cytotoxicity/resistance in different tissues and carcinomas is, however unclear. STZ increases cellular oxidative stress by producing reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. We have investigated the mechanism of cytotoxicity of STZ in HepG2 cancer cells in culture. Cells were treated with different doses of STZ for different time intervals and the cytoxicity was studied by observing the alterations in oxidative stress, mitochondrial redox and respiratory functions. STZ induces ROS and RNS formation and oxidative stress as measured by an increase in the lipid peroxidation and nitrate production as well as alterations in the GSH metabolism. The mitochondria appear to be a more sensitive target for STZ toxicity than extramitochondrial compartments. The mitochondrial membrane potential was altered in STZ treated cells. Activities of the mitochondrial respiratory electron transporting enzymes; complex I and cytochrome c oxidase were also modulated resulting in the inhibition of ATP synthesis. The ROS-sensitive mitochondrial aconitase activity was also inhibited suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in STZ-induced mitochondrial toxicity. The nuclear translocation of oxidative stress marker protein, NF-kB was increased in STZ treated cells. The expression of Hsp70, an oxidative stress marker protein, was also increased in the drug treated cells. The apparent absence of apoptotic markers such as cytochrome c release and the activation of caspase 3 in STZ treated HepG2 cells suggest that the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway may not be primarily involved in STZ-induced cytotoxicity. The results suggest that STZ-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells is mediated, at least in part, by the increase in ROS/RNS production, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study may be significant in better understanding the mechanisms of STZ action in chemotherapy and drug resistance. The study is supported by Research Committee grant and a grant from Terry Fox Cancer Research funds. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 80.
Role of alpha adrenoceptors in opossum internal anal sphincter.
Authors: S Yamato, S Rattan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the role of alpha adrenoceptors in the internal anal sphincter (IAS). Studies wer performed on alpha-chloralose anesthetized opossums. Resting pressure in the IAS (IASP) was recorded using low compliant continuously perfused catheters. The effects of the alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine and their corresponding selective antagonists, prazosin and yohimbine, respectively, were examined on the resting IASP, and on rectal balloon distension (RBD)-mediated IAS relaxation. Phenylephrine caused a rise in the IASP that was blocked by prazosin and not by yohimbine. Phenylephrine had no effect on IAS relaxation caused by RBD. Clonidine on the other hand caused significant suppression of IAS relaxation in response to RBD, but caused minimal changes in the resting IASP. The suppression of IAS relaxation by clonidine was selectively antagonized by yohimbine but not by prazosin. From these studies we conclude that alpha-2 adrenoceptors exert important neuromodulatory influences on rectoanal inhibitory reflex, while alpha-1 adrenoceptors may exert modulatory effects on the resting IAS tone.
The controlled trial and the advance of reliable knowledge
Authors: N. J Kay
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of science described by Hugh Dudley and no doubt will in time, having exhausted myself with the scientific rigours of the randomised controlled trials, yet without wishing to appear sanctimonious what alternative frame- work for progress does Professor Dudley offer other than to continue muddling through ?The time is long overdue when we should be considering if medicine is or is not a scientific discipline.If we are indeed a scientific discipline then the General Medical Council could protect the public more efficiently by keeping a register of remedies that have been scientifically evaluated, rather than a register of doctors, many of whom have joined the British Holistic Medical Society.If we are not a scientific discipline, then I can see no demarcation between orthodoxy and the fringe, with the GMC register serving only to protect the status and income of doctors by operating a closed shop.
Effects of Dexamethasone in Primary Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Niphon Poungvarin, Wiyada Bhoopat, Adulya Viriyavejakul, Prakit Rodprasert, Panya Buranasiri, Sombut Sukondhabhant, Michael J. Hensley, Brian L. Strom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone for treatment of primary supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage, we studied 93 patients 40 to 80 years old, using a double-blind randomized block design. After the subjects were stratified according to their level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale), those with objectively documented primary supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage were randomly assigned to either dexamethasone or placebo. For ethical reasons, three interim analyses were planned, to permit early termination of the trial if one study group did better than the other. During the third interim analysis, the death rate at the 21st day was identical in the two groups (dexamethasone vs. placebo, 21 of 46 vs. 21 of 47; chi-square = 0.01, P = 0.93). In contrast, the rate of complications (mostly infections and complications of diabetes) was much higher in the dexamethasone group (chi-square = 10.89, P<0.001), leading to early termination of the study. In the light of the absence of a demonstrable beneficial effect and the presence of a significant harmful effect, current practices of using dexamethasone for treatment of primary supratentorial hemorrhage should be reconsidered. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:122933.)
DR. COWAN AND THE YORK MEETING
Authors: F. H. Woodforde
Journal: BMJ (1855)

_4 the t of the anumal meeting would hav tbem a body of profonal exclusives, but that we have within us an expasive sympathy, and a largeness of grasp that desires to embrae every brother, be he English, Scotch, or Irish, me- tropolitan or provincial, within one common bond of fellowship.
X-linked ichthyosis: an update
Authors: None Hernández-Martín, None González-Sarmiento, None De Unamuno
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

X-linked ichthyosis is a genetic disorder of keratinization characterized by a generalized desquamation of large, adherent, dark brown scales. Extracutaneous manifestations include corneal opacity and cryptorchidism. Since 1978 it has been known that a deficit in steroid sulphatase enzyme (STS) is responsible for the abnormal cutaneous scaling, although the exact physiological mechanism remains uncertain. The STS gene has been mapped to the distal part of the short arm of the X chromosome. Interestingly, this region escapes X chromosome inactivation and has the highest ratio of chromosomal deletions among all genetic disorders, complete deletions having been found in up to 90% of patients. Diagnosis of patients with X-linked ichthyosis and female carriers is based on biochemical and genetic analysis. The latter currently seems to be the most accurate method in the majority of cases.
An uncommon polyp in the colon: a pedunculated cavernous hemangioma
Authors: C. van Deursen, J. Buijs, M. Nap
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Colonoscopy was performed in a 40-year-old man, who was referred by his primary care physician because of abdominal pain. This examination revealed a smooth, blue-colored polyp with a diameter of 30 mm on a long stalk, situated in the transverse colon ([Fig. 1]). There were no other abnormalities in the large intestine.
Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Steven E. Vogl
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Combination chemotherapy consisting of hexamethylmelamine and cisplatin, alone or with doxorubicin hydrochloride, was given to 27 patients with advanced ovarian cancer who had disease progression with therapy including alkylating agents. Eighteen (67%) had greater than 50% regression of measurable disease or disease that could be evaluated but not measured, for a projected median duration of seven months. The projected median survival for all patients is nine months from the time of entry into the study and 33 months from the time of diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The treatment could be readily administered on an outpatient basis with a regimen of hydration and diuresis that nearly completely prevented platinum-induced renal tubular damage. Myelosuppression was severe in 11 patients (40%), but there were no treatment-related deaths. Agents of such high activity should be considered as components of initial therapy for stage III and IV cancers. (<i>JAMA</i>241:1908-1911, 1979)