tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies Made by Simulating Systole at Necropsy
Authors: ISAAC STARR
Journal: Circulation (1959)

In a preceding communication 1 I have suggested that we are now in a position to look more closely at the higher dynamic aspects of cardiac function in our patients. From an analogy with common experience in automobiles, it is reasonable to expect that the first sign of myoeardial weakness will manifest itself in diminished ability to accelerate the blood, that is, in diminished cardiac forces. In this study we aim to establish a clinical method of detecting abnormalities of the initial cardiac forces by means of the ballistocardiogram.
THE REMOTE EFFECTS OF LESIONS OF THE PROSTATE AND DEEP URETHRA
Authors: THOMAS McCRAE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the genito-urinary surgeons we are indebted for the great advance in our knowledge of the nature, frequency and importance of lesions of the prostate and deep urethra. Much of this is important only as regards the local disease, and with this we are not here concerned; but in some cases there are many secondary results important to recognize from the point of view of general medicine. One of the lessons usually driven home more by our own mistakes than by the instruction of others is the recognition of the frequency with which disturbance—organic or functional—in any system or organ is due to derangement elsewhere. The locality of symptoms is not of necessity the seat of disease. The importance of recognizing that gastric disturbance may be caused by chronic disease of the appendix or by gallstones is a good example. It is to some of the disturbances secondary to disease
920-52 Are Provider Profiles Affected by Risk-adjustment Methodology? Results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, Lawrence H. Muhlbaier, Elizabeth R. DeIong, Allison B. Rosen, Donald F. Fortin, Edward F. Ellerbeck, Stephen F. Jencks, David B. Pryor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
PARETIC DEMENTIA AND LIFE INSURANCE.Read in the Section of Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: JAS. G. KIERNAN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The increase of paretic dementia among civilized nations has created many important legal problems for solution. The present question has puzzled the solicitors of more than one insurance company. In a case which came under my own observation, a paretic dement insured his life. A month later he was adjudged insane and sent to the Cook County insane hospital, of which I was then Superintendent. Eight months later he died in an apoplectiform attack. Dr. S. V. Clevenger has had under care a commercial traveler addicted to sexual excess and luetic, who, precedent to May 6, 1889, had spinal symptoms of paretic dementia, following which came a condition of emotional exaltation. His life was insured precedent to the spinal symptoms for $5,000. In a period of emotional exaltation he desired to increase this to $20,000, which was done in January, 1890. June 4, 1890, he died in an apoplectiform attack.
Taking a Byte Out of Time
Authors: Beatrice Golomb
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Among the tools on which we physicians rely is the hospital computer, from which we retrieve both laboratory results and, at many hospitals, the relevant range of normal values. Our trust in these values is not always merited. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> A 99-year-old previously healthy man presented to the emergency department with a complaint of weakness of 2 days' duration. A chest roentgenogram suggested pneumonia. The complete blood cell count revealed a white blood cell count of 19.4×10<sup>9</sup>/L. Though the accustomed normal range is 4.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L to 10.8 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L and at this hospital elevated values are flagged with an "H," this count was not so flagged. A glance at the normal range revealed the upper limit of normal to be 30 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L! The patient's admitting physician remarked that the computer must have had an
Effects of fluoride release from bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin regulated by γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane on demineralization of bovine enamel
Authors: Satoshi Nakabo, Yasuhiro Torii, Toshiyuki Itota, Kunio Ishikawa, Koji Miyazaki, Kazuomi Suzuki, Masahiro Yoshiyama
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Nuclear Medicine in Clinical Practice
Authors: Gregory A. Gergans
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<i>Nuclear Medicine in Clinical Practice</i>is a welcome addition to the nuclear medicine library. The authors have provided a concise and readable text for practicing physicians and surgeons who rely on diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures in the evaluation of their patients' conditions. There are 16 well-written chapters by different experts in the field summarizing past and present nuclear medicine tests. Each section is approximately 20 pages and contains ample charts and good illustrations. Each stands alone, allowing the busy clinician to select a section for study at his convenience. The introductory elementary physics chapter discusses the basic concepts of radioactivity and the machines used to detect and image radioactive distributions. Included are typical radiation doses for various radionuclide procedures with comparison doses for complementary radiological procedures. The section on brain imaging is a clear exposition of the indications for roentgenographic computerized tomography vs nuclear brain scans. Chapters on bone, lung,
Effects of carvedilol on oxidative stress and chronotropic response to exercise in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Pablo Castro, José Luis Vukasovic, Mario Chiong, Guillermo Díaz‐Araya, Hernán Alcaino, Miguel Copaja, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Douglas Greig, Osvaldo Pérez, Ramón Corbalan, Sergio Lavandero
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Generalized neighbor-joining: more reliable phylogenetic tree reconstruction
Authors: W. R. Pearson, G. Robins, T. Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

We have developed a phylogenetic tree reconstruction method that detects and reports multiple topologically distant low-cost solutions. Our method is a generalization of the neighbor-joining method of Saitou and Nei and affords a more thorough sampling of the solution space by keeping track of multiple partial solutions during its execution. The scope of the solution space sampling is controlled by a pair of user-specified parameters--the total number of alternate solutions and the number of alternate solutions that are randomly selected--effecting a smooth trade-off between run time and solution quality and diversity. This method can discover topologically distinct low-cost solutions. In tests on biological and synthetic data sets using either the least-squares distance or minimum-evolution criterion, the method consistently performed as well as, or better than, both the neighbor-joining heuristic and the PHYLIP implementation of the Fitch-Margoliash distance measure. In addition, the method identified alternative tree topologies with costs within 1% or 2% of the best, but with topological distances of 9 or more partitions from the best solution (16 taxa); with 32 taxa, topologies were obtained 17 (least-squares) and 22 (minimum-evolution) partitions from the best topology when 200 partial solutions were retained. Thus, the method can find lower-cost tree topologies and near-best tree topologies that are significantly different from the best topology.
Exome sequencing identifies truncating mutations in PRRT2 that cause paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
Authors: Wan-Jin Chen, Yu Lin, Zhi-Qi Xiong, Wei Wei, Wang Ni, Guo-He Tan, Shun-Ling Guo, Jin He, Ya-Fang Chen, Qi-Jie Zhang, Hong-Fu Li, Yi Lin, Shen-Xing Murong, Jianfeng Xu, Ning Wang, Zhi-Ying Wu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Uncovering and Dissecting the Genotoxicity of Self-inactivating Lentiviral Vectors In Vivo
Authors: Daniela Cesana, Marco Ranzani, Monica Volpin, Cynthia Bartholomae, Caroline Duros, Alexandre Artus, Stefania Merella, Fabrizio Benedicenti, Lucia Sergi Sergi, Francesca Sanvito, Chiara Brombin, Alessandro Nonis, Clelia Di Serio, Claudio Doglioni, Christof von Kalle, Manfred Schmidt, Odile Cohen-Haguenauer, Luigi Naldini, Eugenio Montini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors (LV) have an excellent therapeutic potential as demonstrated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, weaker mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis could still pose a significant risk in clinical applications. Taking advantage of novel in vivo genotoxicity assays, we tested a battery of LV constructs, including some with clinically relevant designs, and found that oncogene activation by promoter insertion is the most powerful mechanism of early vector-induced oncogenesis. SIN LVs disabled in their capacity to activate oncogenes by promoter insertion were less genotoxic and induced tumors by enhancer-mediated activation of oncogenes with efficiency that was proportional to the strength of the promoter used. On the other hand, when enhancer activity was reduced by using moderate promoters, oncogenesis by inactivation of tumor suppressor gene was revealed. This mechanism becomes predominant when the enhancer activity of the internal promoter is shielded by the presence of a synthetic chromatin insulator cassette. Our data provide both mechanistic insights and quantitative readouts of vector-mediated genotoxicity, allowing a relative ranking of different vectors according to these features, and inform current and future choices of vector design with increasing biosafety. Self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors (LV) have an excellent therapeutic potential as demonstrated in preclinical studies and clinical trials. However, weaker mechanisms of insertional mutagenesis could still pose a significant risk in clinical applications. Taking advantage of novel in vivo genotoxicity assays, we tested a battery of LV constructs, including some with clinically relevant designs, and found that oncogene activation by promoter insertion is the most powerful mechanism of early vector-induced oncogenesis. SIN LVs disabled in their capacity to activate oncogenes by promoter insertion were less genotoxic and induced tumors by enhancer-mediated activation of oncogenes with efficiency that was proportional to the strength of the promoter used. On the other hand, when enhancer activity was reduced by using moderate promoters, oncogenesis by inactivation of tumor suppressor gene was revealed. This mechanism becomes predominant when the enhancer activity of the internal promoter is shielded by the presence of a synthetic chromatin insulator cassette. Our data provide both mechanistic insights and quantitative readouts of vector-mediated genotoxicity, allowing a relative ranking of different vectors according to these features, and inform current and future choices of vector design with increasing biosafety.
On Building a Private Practice-Reply
Authors: Carl T. Korpi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I thank Dr Chefetz for sharing his thoughts on my essay. Like Dr Chefetz, many physicians on staff at Brookhaven Memorial Hospital, Patchogue, NY, who read the article found the way Dr X ran his practice to be offensive and distasteful. Some physicians called the policy of dropping people from practice who didn't do what was suggested "medical fascism." Interestingly though, a few physicians praised me for writing the article specifically about them, proudly proclaiming that they run their practice exactly the same way Dr X does. (None of these physicians was Dr X, however.) So perhaps Dr Chefetz sums it up best by stating there are no rules to being a good physician. I agree wholeheartedly with his "be true to your patients and they will be true to you" philosophy and wish him the best in his practice.
Identification of 14-3-3σ as a Contributor to Drug Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells Using Functional Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Yang Liu, Hailan Liu, Baoguang Han, Jian-Ting Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. To understand the mechanism of MDR, many cancer cell lines have been established, and various mechanisms of resistance, such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter–mediated drug efflux, have been discovered. Previously, a MDR cell line MCF7/AdVp3000 was selected from breast cancer cell line MCF7 against Adriamycin, and overexpression of ABCG2 was thought to cause MDR in this derivative cell line. However, ectopic overexpression of ABCG2 in MCF7 cells could not explain the extremely high drug resistance level of the selected MCF7/AdVp3000 cells. We hypothesized that MCF7/AdVp3000 cells must have other resistance mechanisms selected by Adriamycin. To test this hypothesis, we compared the global protein profiles between MCF7 and MCF7/AdVp3000 cells. Following two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis, 17 protein spots with differential levels between the two cell lines were identified. Although 14-3-3σ, keratin 18, keratin 19, ATP synthase β, protein disulfide isomerase, heat shock protein 27, cathepsin D, triose-phosphate isomerase, peroxiredoxin 6, and electron transfer flavoprotein were increased, nm23/H1, peroxiredoxin 2, nucleophosmin 1/B23, and inorganic pyrophosphatase were decreased in MCF7/AdVp3000 cells. The differential levels of these proteins were validated using Western blot. Furthermore, functional validation showed that the elevated 14-3-3σ expression contributes considerably to the observed drug resistance in MCF7/AdVp3000 cells. We, thus, conclude that these proteins likely contribute to the resistance selected in the MCF7/AdVp3000 cells, and their altered expression in tumors may cause clinical resistance to chemotherapy. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(6): 3248-55)
England must rid itself of "obsession" with hospital medicine, conference hears
Authors: C. Harris
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Most of what matters about people’s health happens away from hospitals, Duncan Selbie, chief executive designate of Public Health England, told a conference mainly of health and social care staff in London last week.

“The biggest obsession we have as a country is our obsession with hospital medicine. We prioritise it and spend our money on acute hospitals and treatments. The way we use …
Abstract 3700: Effect of gender on pharmacokinetic disposition of pegylated liposomal CKD-602 (S-CKD602) and optisomal topotecan (TLI) in rats
Authors: Gina Song, Huali Wu, Ninh M. La-Beck, Beth A. Zamboni, Sandra Srychor, Melissa M. Santory, Steven R. Deither, William C. Zamboni
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: S-CKD602 is a pegylated liposomal formulation of CKD-602, a camptothecin analogue. Optisomal Topotecan (TLI) is a sphingomyelin stabilized liposomal formulation of topotecan. The cytotoxicity of CKD-602, topotecan and other camptothecin analogues is related to the duration of exposure. Pegylated and sphingomyelin liposomal formulations have been designed to prolong drug circulation time, increase tumor delivery, and improve the therapeutic index. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of liposomal agents is highly variable in patients. Moreover, the factors associated with this variability are unknown. Thus, we evaluated the plasma PK disposition of TLI and S-CKD602 in male and female rats. Methods: TLI was administered at 0.93mg/kg IV x1 and S-CKD602 at 0.6 mg/kg IV x1 to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats via a bilateral jugular vein cannula. Plasma samples for TLI were obtained in 6 cohorts (n= 3 rats per cohort, total = 18 rats per gender): 1) pre, 1, and 3 min; 2) 5, 10, and 20 min; 3) 0.5, 1, and 2 h; 4) 4, 8, and 12 h; 5) 24, 36, and 48 h; 6) 60 and 72 h post dose. Plasma samples (n= 3 rats per time point per gender) for S-CKD602 were obtained prior to the end of the infusion, and at 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after administration. Total (lactone and hydroxyl acid) form of sum total (encapsulated and released) CKD-602 and topotecan were measured via LC/MS. The clearance (CL) was estimated using noncompartmental PK analysis. Results: For TLI, the CL in male and female rats were 0.026 ± 0.0038 and 0.021 ± 0.0015 L/h/kg, respectively. For S-CKD602, the CL in male and female rats were 0.0037 ± 0.0004 and 0.0027 ± 0.0001 L/h/kg, respectively. For TLI and S-CKD602, CL was 1.2-fold (p=0.14) and 1.4-fold (p=0.009) lower in female rats compared with male rats, respectively. Conclusions: The CL of TLI and S-CKD602 was lower in female rats as compared with male rats. These studies suggest that gender may affect the disposition of liposomal formulations of drugs and may play a role in the high PK variability reported in patients treated with liposomal formulations of anticancer agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3700.
Biomarkers of Myocardial Stress and Fibrosis as Predictors of Mode of Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Tariq Ahmad, Mona Fiuzat, Benjamin Neely, Megan L. Neely, Michael J. Pencina, William E. Kraus, Faiez Zannad, David J. Whellan, Mark P. Donahue, Ileana L. Piña, Kirkwood F. Adams, Dalane W. Kitzman, Christopher M. O'Connor, G. Michael Felker
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

The aim of this study was to determine whether biomarkers of myocardial stress and fibrosis improve prediction of the mode of death in patients with chronic heart failure. The 2 most common modes of death in patients with chronic heart failure are pump failure and sudden cardiac death. Prediction of the mode of death may facilitate treatment decisions. The relationship between amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), galectin-3, and ST2, biomarkers that reflect different pathogenic pathways in heart failure (myocardial stress and fibrosis), and mode of death is unknown. HF-ACTION (Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training) was a randomized controlled trial of exercise training versus usual care in patients with chronic heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%). An independent clinical events committee prospectively adjudicated mode of death. NT-proBNP, galectin-3, and ST2 levels were assessed at baseline in 813 subjects. Associations between biomarkers and mode of death were assessed using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards modeling, and interaction testing was used to measure differential associations between biomarkers and pump failure versus sudden cardiac death. Discrimination and risk reclassification metrics were used to assess the added value of galectin-3 and ST2 in predicting mode of death risk beyond a clinical model that included NT-proBNP. After a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, there were 155 deaths: 49 from pump failure, 42 from sudden cardiac death, and 64 from other causes. Elevations in all biomarkers were associated with increased risk for both pump failure and sudden cardiac death in both adjusted and unadjusted analyses. In each case, increases in the biomarker had a stronger association with pump failure than sudden cardiac death, but this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for clinical risk factors. Clinical variables along with NT-proBNP levels were stronger predictors of pump failure (C statistic: 0.87) than sudden cardiac death (C statistic: 0.73). Addition of ST2 and galectin-3 led to improved net risk classification of 11% for sudden cardiac death, but not pump failure. Clinical predictors along with NT-proBNP levels were strong predictors of pump failure risk, with insignificant incremental contributions of ST2 and galectin-3. Predictability of sudden cardiac death risk was less robust and enhanced by information provided by novel biomarkers.
Physical Activity at Altitude: Challenges for People With Diabetes
Authors: Pieter de Mol, Suzanna T. de Vries, Eelco J.P. de Koning, Reinold O.B. Gans, Henk J.G. Bilo, Cees J. Tack
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

A growing number of subjects with diabetes take part in physical activities at altitude such as skiing, climbing, and trekking. Exercise under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia poses some unique challenges on subjects with diabetes, and the presence of diabetes can complicate safe and successful participation in mountain activities. Among others, altitude can alter glucoregulation. Furthermore, cold temperatures and altitude can complicate accurate reading of glucose monitoring equipment and storage of insulin. These factors potentially lead to dangerous hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia. Over the last years, more information has become available on this subject.To provide an up-to-date overview of the pathophysiological changes during physical activity at altitude and the potential problems related to diabetes, including the use of (continuous) blood glucose monitors and insulin pumps. To propose practical recommendations for preparations and travel to altitude for subjects with diabetes.We researched PubMed, medical textbooks, and related Internet sites, and extracted human studies and data based on relevance for diabetes, exercise, and altitude.Given the paucity of controlled trials regarding diabetes and altitude, we composed a narrative review and filled in areas lacking diabetes-specific studies with data obtained from nondiabetic subjects.Subjects with diabetes can take part in activities at high, and even extreme, altitude. However, careful assessment of diabetes-related complications, optimal preparation, and adequate knowledge of glycemic regulation at altitude and altitude-related complications is needed.
The Use of Low Dosage Drug Regimens in the Treatments of Neoplastic Disease.
Authors: Henry E. Wilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965The Use of Low Dosage Drug Regimens in the Treatments of Neoplastic Disease.Henry E. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P., John Louis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Henry E. Wilson, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John Louis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-918_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe introduction of the nitrogen mustard compounds in the treatment of neoplastic disease opened the field of modern cancer chemotherapy and established the therapeutic effectiveness of these compounds when administered in intermittent large dosage regimens. Such dosage regimens almost invariably produced significant degrees of toxicity. Favorable tumor responses to other suppressive agents administered in similar intermittent large dosage regimens have gone far toward almost standardizing this therapeutic approach in the treatment of malignant disease.Recent experience has demonstrated that equal or superior responses can be achieved with some compounds when they are administered in continuous low dosage regimens with minimal... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Columbus, Ohio, and Urbana, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIntegration of chemotherapy into combined modality treatment of solid tumorsPharmacokinetic considerations in the design of optimal chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of breast carcinoma: A conceptual approachCombination chemotherapy of carcinoma of the breastEvaluation of Antineoplastic Activity: Requirements of Test SystemsRadiotherapy and Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer [ Abridged ]Single and combination nonhormonal chemotherapy in breast cancerMethotrexate 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 918-918KeywordsCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentDrugsToxicity Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...