tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COLLAPSE FOLLOWING PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION OF SOLUTION OF THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: Leon Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The following experience is being reported because, as far as I am aware, a similar case has not been recorded and because it deals with a therapeutic substance which is frequently used at present. A school teacher aged 45 had been suffering with a mild form of Raynaud's disease since 1932 and with a progressive hypertrophic arthritis of the lumbar spine and sacro-iliac regions since 1933. In April 1940 she had a severe attack of right-sided sciatica for which, among other measures, injections of thiamine hydrochloride were started. A total of thirty-six intramuscular injections of 25 mg. was given between April 16 and July 10, with two different commercial preparations. She vomited twenty minutes and one hour after her eighteenth injection on May 21, 1940. No more thiamine hydrochloride was given until August 6, at which time the first preparation used was resumed. By August 16 she had received six
A NEW OPERATING TABLE.REVISED AND IMPROVED.
Authors: J. F. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

About five years ago a description appeared inThe Journalof a new operating table which I had devise after several years of study. Daily use of the table demonstrated, however, the existence of two or three weak points, which have finally been eliminated, and several new features have been added, and now the table seems to be about perfect. The main points of the table, as first presented, and which are retained, are: 1. Simplicity of construction. 2. The field of operation not changing when the patient is put in the Trendelenburg position. 3. The position of the patient quickly and easily changed by the anesthetist. 4. The patient maintained in the Trendelenburg position by shoulder straps, or (as I prefer) by tying the legs to the leg-piece. The recent improvements add the following points: 5. The leg-extension-piece automatically drops to the proper angle when the patient is placed
1051-131 Combined treatment with epsilon protein kinase C activator and delta protein kinase C inhibitor ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury with prolonged ischemia in rat cardiac allografts
Authors: Masashi Tanaka, Raya D Terry, G.Kimia Mokhtari, E.Grant Hoyt, Tomoyoshi Koyanagi, Koichi Inagaki, Theo Kofidis, Daria Mochly-Rosen, Robert C Robbins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Magnetic Resonance Characterization of the Peri-Infarction Zone of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction With Necrosis-Specific and Extracellular Nonspecific Contrast Media
Authors: Maythem Saeed, Gunnar Lund, Michael F. Wendland, Jens Bremerich, Hanns-Joachim Weinmann, Charles B. Higgins
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Because ischemically injured myocardium is frequently composed of viable and nonviable portions, a method to discriminate the two is useful for clinical management. Methods and Results —Ischemically injured myocardium was characterized with extracellular nonspecific (Gd-DTPA) and necrosis-specific (mesoporphyrin) MR contrast media in rats. Relaxation rates (R1) were measured on day 1 and day 2 by inversion-recovery echoplanar imaging. Spin-echo imaging was used to define contrast-enhanced regions and regional wall thickening. Gadolinium concentration, area at risk, and infarct size were measured at postmortem examination. ΔR1 ratio (ΔR1 myocardium /ΔR1 blood ) after administration of Gd-DTPA was greater in ischemically injured myocardium (1.20±0.15) than in normal myocardium (0.47±0.05, P &lt;0.05), which was attributed to differences in gadolinium concentration and water content. The Gd-DTPA–enhanced region on day 2 was larger (32.8±0.9%) than true infarction as demonstrated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) (24.6±1.4%, P &lt;0.001, r =0.21). Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the Gd-DTPA–enhanced region overestimated true infarct size by 7.8±5.9%. On the other hand, the mesoporphyrin-enhanced region (26.9±1.8%, P =NS, r =0.87) and true infarct size were identical. The difference in the areas demarcated by the 2 agents is the peri-infarction. Systolic and diastolic MR images revealed no wall thickening in the mesoporphyrin-enhanced region (0.3±3.3%) but reduced thickening in the Gd-DTPA–enhanced rim (8.5±5.5%, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —The Gd-DTPA–enhanced region encompasses both viable and nonviable portions of the ischemically injured myocardium. The Gd-DTPA–enhanced area overestimated infarct size, but the mesoporphyrin-enhanced area matched true infarct size. The salvageable peri-infarction zone can be characterized with double-contrast–enhanced and functional MR imaging; the mismatched area of enhancement between the 2 agents shows residual wall thickening.
Trypanosoma cruzi: modification of macrophage function during infection.
Authors: N Nogueira, S Gordon, Z Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi and subsequent intraperitoneal challenge with heat-killed trypanosomes elicits peritoneal macrophages which display in vitro microbicidal activity against trypomastigotes of T. cruzi. These cells also display other activated properties including rapid spreading, intense membrane activity, secretion of high levels of plasminogen activator, and ingestion mediated by the C3 receptor. An intravenous infection with BCG, followed by an intraperitoneal challenge with mycobacterial antigens brings about macrophages with similar properties. These criteria of macrophage activation were compared in normal and BCG- or T. cruzi-immune mice, with or without an intraperitoneal challenge with specific or unrelated antigens. Trypanocidal activity is displayed by both BCG- and T. cruzi-immune macrophages after intraperitoneal challenge with either antigen. Resident-immune macrophages from both T. cruzi- and BCG-infected mice show a trypanostatic, rather than trypanocidal activity. Macrophages from noninfected mice, challenged with the same antigens, show neither trypanostatic nor trypanocidal activity. Increased secretion of plasminogen activator shows a definite immunological specificity. Challenge with the specific antigen induces the appearance of macrophages secreting high levels of plasminogen activator, while unrelated antigens induce much smaller levels. Noninfected mice challenged with the same antigens do not display any enchancement in secretion. In contrast, increased spreading and phagocytosis mediated by the complement receptor are also displayed by cells from noninfected mice challenged with any of the agents tested.
Pulmonary Amyloidosis in a Patient With Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Anirban Mukherjee, Varun Singh Dhull, Punit Sharma, Girish Kumar Parida, Sachin Jain, Lily Pal, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Amyloidosis associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is extremely rare. We here present the 18F-FDG PET/CT images of a 48-year-old male patient with multifocal skeletal involvement of LCH. In addition, he had a left lung upper lobe 18F-FDG avid mass that was misinterpreted as pulmonary involvement of LCH on PET/CT. Biopsy from the mass showed amyloidosis. Therefore, amyloidosis should be kept as a differential for 18F-FDG pulmonary avid nodule.
Influence of purified apoprotein E on platelet activation induced by serotonin
Authors: Olaf Pfennig, Bin Zhao, Rolf Dierichs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Serotonin induces platelet activation. Purified apoprotein E of 300 micrograms/ml prevented morphological alterations of blood platelets stimulated with serotonin (5 microM). Lower concentrated apoprotein E showed no such clear effects. These findings suggest that apoprotein E may liter atherosclerosis by suppressing agonist-induced platelet activation.
Enzastaurin, a Protein Kinase Cβ Inhibitor, Suppresses Signaling through the Ribosomal S6 Kinase and Bad Pathways and Induces Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Keun-Wook Lee, Sang Gyun Kim, Hwang-Phill Kim, Euna Kwon, Jiran You, Hyung-Jun Choi, Jung-Hyun Park, Byeong-Cheol Kang, Seock-Ah Im, Tae-You Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Yung-Jue Bang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in gastric carcinogenesis. Enzastaurin is an oral ATP-competitive inhibitor of the PKCβ isozyme. Although enzastaurin was initially advanced to the clinic based on its antiangiogenic activity, it is also known to have a direct effect on a variety of human cancer cells, inducing apoptosis by inhibiting the Akt signal pathway. However, data on enzastaurin for gastric cancer are limited. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the antitumor activity of enzastaurin on gastric cancer cells and to investigate the underlying antitumor mechanisms. Enzastaurin suppressed the proliferation of cultured gastric cancer cells and the growth of gastric carcinoma xenografts. Enzastaurin did not have an effect on gastric cancer cell cycle progression; however, it had a direct apoptosis-inducing effect through the caspase-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation, a reliable pharmacodynamic marker of enzastaurin activity, and Akt phosphorylation were both decreased after treatment with enzastaurin. Although the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk) was also dephosphorylated, Erk phosphorylation was not affected in the enzastaurin-treated gastric cancer cells. Enzastaurin activated Bad, one of the Bcl-2 proapoptotic proteins, through dephosphorylation at Ser112, and depletion of Bad activity resulted in resistance to enzastaurin-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells. These data suggest that enzastaurin induces apoptosis through Rsk-mediated and Bad-mediated pathways, besides inhibiting the Akt signal cascade. Furthermore, enzastaurin had synergistic or additive effects when combined with 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, paclitaxel, or irinotecan. These results warrant further clinical investigation of enzastaurin for gastric cancer treatment. [Cancer Res 2008;68(6):1916–26]
At the Crossroads of Inflammation and Tumorigenesis
Authors: Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Carol Prives
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

In this issue of The Journal of Experimental Medicine , Hudson et al. ([1][1]) report on the identification of a cytokine, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor or MIF, that overcomes p53 function by suppressing its transcriptional activity, thus linking complex programs that govern
123 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF AN INTENSIFIED REGIMEN OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALFA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN HCV GENOTYPE 1 NON-RESPONDERS: AN INTERIM ANALYSIS OF THE SYREN TRIAL
Authors: C. Hézode, J. Foucher, J.-P. Bronowicki, V. Leroy, A. Tran, D. Larrey, P. Mathurin, I. Rosa, L. Alric, V. Dhalluin-Venier, A. Nani, M. Bouvier-Alias, S. Rouanet, P. Couzigou, A. Mallat, M. Charaf-Eddine, J.-M. Pawlotsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Broca's aphasia, Broca's area, and syntax: A complex relationship
Authors: Stefano F. Cappa, Andrea Moro, Daniela Perani, Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Three types of problems are raised in this commentary: On the linguistic side, we emphasize the importance of an appropriate definition of the different domains of linguistics. This is needed to define the domains (lexicon-syntax-semantics) to which transformational relations apply. We then question the concept of Broca's aphasia as a “functional” syndrome, associated with a specific lesion. Finally, we discuss evidence from functional brain imaging. The breadth and potential impact of such evidence has grown considerably in the last few years, expanding our knowledge of the multiple contributions of the “Broca's region” to phonological, lexical-semantic, and syntactic processing. “Lumping” under diagnostic labels, such as Broca's aphasia, should be replaced by more detailed linguistic and neurological descriptions of the clinical cases.
Doctors are asked to tackle inequality throughout cancer care pathway
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Respiratory disorders, including apnoea, are common in preterm infants due to their immature respiratory control compared with term-born infants. However, our inability to accurately measure respiratory rate in hospitalised infants results in unreported episodes of apnoea and an incomplete picture of respiratory activity. <h3>Methods</h3> We develop, validate and use a novel algorithm to identify interbreath intervals (IBIs) and apnoeas in preterm infants. In 42 preterm infants (1600 hours of recordings), we assess IBIs from the chest electrical impedance pneumograph using an adaptive amplitude threshold for the detection of breaths. The algorithm is refined by comparing its accuracy with clinically observed breaths and pauses in breathing. We develop an automated classifier to differentiate periods of true apnoea from artefactually low amplitude signal. We assess the performance of this algorithm in the detection of morphine-induced respiratory depression. Finally, we use the algorithm to investigate whether retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening alters the IBI distribution. <h3>Results</h3> Individual breaths were detected with a false-positive rate of 13% and a false-negative rate of 12%. The classifier identified true apnoeas with an accuracy of 93%. As expected, morphine caused a significant shift in the IBI distribution towards longer IBIs. Following ROP screening, there was a significant increase in pauses in breathing that lasted more than 10 s (t-statistic=1.82, p=0.023). This was not reflected by changes in the monitor-derived respiratory rate and no episodes of apnoea were recorded in the medical records. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We show that our algorithm offers an improved method for the identification of IBIs and apnoeas in preterm infants. Following ROP screening, increased respiratory instability can occur even in the absence of clinically significant apnoeas. Accurate assessment of infant respiratory activity is essential to inform clinical practice.
BMA Annual representative meeting, Manchester, 27 - 30 June: Tony Blair's best legacy would be to ban smoking in public places, says BMA chairman
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

If Tony Blair, the UK prime minister, wants to leave a legacy for the public, the single most effective thing he could do to protect people's health is to ban smoking in all enclosed public places, Jim Johnson, chairman of the BMA, told the association's annual representative meeting in Manchester this week.

“We are inching our way towards a ban on smoking in enclosed public places. Scotland is expected to pass its smoking ban legislation this week. Hurrah for Scotland. In England, the public consultation on proposed very imperfect legislation was launched a week ago. There is every indication that, given the right messages, …
Abstract 4301: Shear stress induces Rac1/Rab5 circular ruffling/endosomes at the apical surface of metastatic esophageal tumor cells enhancing spreading and motility responses
Authors: Karen Lawler, Gregor Kijanka, Gerald O’ Sullivan, Aideen Long, Dermot Kenny
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A coordinated mode of motility is required for dissemination and invasion of esophageal metastases through the vasculature. This motility is largely driven by the activation of GTPases Rac1 and Rab5 which regulate 2 and 3-dimensional motility respectively; however, little is known about the localization and activation of these GTPases under hydrodynamic flow. In this study, the effect of Rac1 activation on tumor motility was investigated in a controlled microfluidic chip that simulates venous flow conditions. A metastatic esophageal cell line derived from the ascites of a male patient with squamous cell cancer of the esophagus (OC-1), was transiently transfected with cDNA encoding active (L61), dominant negative (N17) and wild type (WT) Rac1 fused to GFP to enable visual localization of Rac1 in real time under static and fluid flow conditions. Transfected OC-1 cells were allowed to adhere to fibronectin (Fn) for 30 minutes under static conditions or allowed to adhere to Fn for 5 minutes followed by exposure to a continuous venous shear rate of 200 s-1 for 25 minutes. Cell motility and Rac1 localization was monitored over a 30-minute period followed by cell fixation and co-staining with a polyclonal antibody directed against Rab5 to visualize endosomal trafficking within the cells. The results of our study show that the over-expression of constitutively active Rac1 enhances circular ruffling, pseudopodia formation and motility in OC-1 cells under static conditions when compared to N17 and WT Rac1. Moreover, this activation response in L61-transfected cells is significantly increased in the presence of venous shear rates, (p&amp;lt;0.0013) and completely inhibited in cells expressing the N17 active mutant which display rounded quiescent morphology states. Co-localization studies confirmed that both Rac1 and Rab5 GTPases are recruited to distinct populations of endosomes containing actin at the apical membrane of OC-1 cells under shear, measuring between 0.6 and 1.5 μm. These results suggest that Rab5/Rac1 circular ruffling/endosomal recruitment at the apical surface is an important adaptive response to enhance motility under fluid flow conditions. Moreover, this study may offer insight into mechano-receptor signaling and how metastatic cells adapt and disseminate in circulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4301. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4301
The Continuing Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections
Authors: Morris A. Blajchman, Eleftherios C. Vamvakas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In 2002, as mosquitoes carried West Nile virus across the United States, infecting 4200 people, 23 confirmed cases of transfusion-transmitted infection and 7 related deaths were reported.1 This was a dramatic demonstration that an emerging agent can threaten the safety of the blood supply. Because the virus's incubation period is usually 3 to 15 days and transmission by transfusion stood out against the background of a mosquito-borne epidemic, these transmissions were recognized quickly, nucleic acid–amplification technology was adapted for the detection of the virus, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada mandated the screening of donated blood . . .
AGGRESSIVE USE OF ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC THERAPIES SLOWS PROGRESSION OF CORONARY ATHEROMA IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Kiyoko Uno, Stephen J. Nicholls, Julie Thornton, Craig Balog, Ozgur Bayturan, Andrea J. Lavoie, Ajai Shreevatsa, Paul Schoenhagen, Samir Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Action or Inaction? Decision Making in Patients With Diabetes and Elevated Blood Pressure in Primary Care
Authors: Paul C. Hicks, John M. Westfall, Rebecca F. Van Vorst, Caroline Bublitz Emsermann, L. Miriam Dickinson, Wilson Pace, Bennett Parnes
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Hypertension increases micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. The goal for blood pressure is <130/80 mmHg. In primary care, however, blood pressure in many patients exceeds this goal. In this study, we evaluated the clinical decision-making process when a patient with diabetes presents with elevated blood pressure.Twenty-six primary care practices in two practice-based research networks in Colorado participated. Questionnaires were completed after each encounter with an adult with type 2 diabetes. Data obtained from the survey included 1) demographic information, 2) blood pressure results, 3) action taken, 4) type of action if action was taken, and 5) reasons for inaction if action was not taken. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of action.Completed surveys totaled 778. Blood pressure was 130/74 +/- 18.8/12.0 mmHg (mean +/- SD). Sixty-two percent of patients exceeded goals. Action was taken to lower blood pressure in 34.9% of those. Predictors of action were 1) blood pressure level, 2) total number of medicines the patient was taking, and 3) patient already taking medicines for blood pressure. As blood pressure rose, providers attributed inaction more often to "competing demands" and reasons other than "blood pressure being at or near goal."No evidence was found for patterns of poor care among primary care physicians. Providers balance the clinical circumstances, including how elevated the blood pressure is, and issues of polypharmacy, medication side effects, and costs when determining the best course of action. Knowledge deficit is not a common cause of inaction.
Myocardial viability in patients with Q wave myocardial infarction and no residual ischemia.
Authors: G Montalescot, M Faraggi, G Drobinski, O Messian, J Evans, Y Grosgogeat, D Thomas
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Coronary revascularization in patients with persistent angina after myocardial infarction reduces the incidence of recurrent angina pectoris and myocardial infarction and improves left ventricular function. The results of revascularization after a Q wave myocardial infarction when there is no residual ischemia may depend on myocardial viability. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine whether there was viable myocardium in the infarct area in the absence of clinical and scintigraphic evidence of myocardial ischemia, 15 asymptomatic patients with a Q wave myocardial infarction, no redistribution on stress 201Tl test, and single-vessel disease (greater than 70% stenosis) with persistent anterograde blood flow were randomized to percutaneous transluminal coronary artery angioplasty (PTCA) or conservative medical treatment. After 2 months of follow-up, mean coronary blood flow measured by Doppler catheter in the infarct-related artery was higher in the PTCA treatment group (33 +/- 6 ml/min, n = 8) than in the conservative treatment group (16 +/- 4 ml/min, n = 7; p less than 0.05 between groups). The 201Tl pathological-to-normal ratios measured on postexercise images did not change in patients treated conservatively during the follow-up period (delta = +1.1 +/- 2.2%; NS from baseline) but increased significantly in patients treated by PTCA (delta = +8.5 +/- 2.3%; p less than 0.01 from baseline; p less than 0.05 between groups). Segmental wall motion improved on left ventricular angiography 2 months after PTCA (delta = +11.5 +/- 2.2%; p less than 0.001 from baseline) significantly more than in the conservative treatment group (delta = +4.1 +/- 1.4%; p less than 0.05 between both groups). Improvements of 201Tl ratios and segmental wall motion indexes correlated significantly (r = 0.73, p = 0.002). The mild improvement of global left ventricular ejection fraction measured in the PTCA treatment group did not differ significantly from changes in the conservative treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Successful angioplasty of the stenotic infarct artery in patients with a Q wave myocardial infarction and no residual ischemia improved coronary flow, 201Tl uptake in the infarct area, and regional wall motion. Therefore, myocardial viability may last several weeks, as long as residual blood flow persists in the infarct-related artery. Optimal assessment of viability by imaging techniques should identify patients who are most likely to benefit from revascularization.
Severe hypophosphatemia: A rare cause of intravascular hemolysis
Authors: Jennifer D. Melvin, Raymond G. Watts
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

A 3-year-old child presented with severe hyperphosphatemia (phosphate 45 mg/dL) secondary to chronic enema use. Following aggressive correction of the hyperphosphatemia, hypophosphatemia ensued (phosphate 1.7 mg/dL). Concurrently, the patient developed severe intravascular hemolysis and RBC morphologic defects. The hemolysis and morphologic defects corrected with return to normal serum phosphate levels. Severe hypophosphatemia is a rare cause of intravascular hemolysis.