tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Propranolol decreases portal pressure without changing portocollateral resistance in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Pilar M. Pizcueta, Antonio M. de Lacy, David Kravetz, Jaime Bosch, Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Propranolol decreases portal pressure by reducing portal blood inflow. Studies in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension due to portal vein stenosis (a model with extensive portosystemic shunting) have shown that propranolol increases the portocollateral resistance, which hinders the fall in portal pressure. The present study examined the effects of propranolol on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics in rats with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis of the liver, a model which is characterized by mild portosystemic shunting. Two groups of rats with CCl 4 –induced cirrhosis were studied: the propranolol group (n = 8), which received a propranolol infusion of 2 mg per 15 min, and controls (n = 9), which received a placebo (saline) infusion. Hemodynamic measurements were done using radiolabeled microspheres. Propranolol–treated rats had signficantly lower cardiac output (-31%) and heart rate (-26%) than controls (p &lt; 0.001). Hepatic artery flow was not modified by propranolol. Propranolol caused splanchnic vasoconstriction, manifested by increased splanchnic resistance (+57%) and by a significant fall in portal blood inflow (4.8 ± 0.4 vs. 6.3 ± 0.5 ml per min · 100 gm in controls, p &lt; 0.05). In contrast with rats with prehepatic portal hypertension, propranolol did not increase portal resistance in cirrhotic rats [2.0 ± 0.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.1 mmHg per ml per min · 100 gm body weight (not significant)]. Hence, the fall in portal pressure (-19%) was expected from the decrease in portal inflow (-24%). These results suggest that increased portal resistance in rats with prehepatic portal hypertension may represent an intrinsic effect of propranolol on the portocollateral an intrinsic effect of propranolol on the portocollateral vessels, since β–blockade does not modify portal vascular resistance in cirrhosis.
Monoclonality of Asynchronous Bilateral Lymphoma of the Testis
Authors: Katia R.M. Leite, Bernardo Garicochea, Miguel Srougi, Carlos Dzik, Luciano Nesralhah, Ricardo Pereiro de Moura, Andrew John George Simpson, Elaine Darini, Claudia M. Carvalho, Luiz H. Camara-Lopes
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Effects of Alcohol on The Pancreas
Authors: Robert J. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Journal(<b>205</b>:116, 1968) contained a letter from Drs. Madding, Tueller, and Kennedy concerning the effect of alcohol on the pancreas, including observations on a patient with chronic pancreatitis, previous gastric resection, and postoperative pancreatic fistula. A previous publication of our own (<i>Arch Surg</i><b>95</b>:556, 1967) related the effect on pancreatic juice volume and enzyme concentration of the administration of 108 ml of absolute alcohol given orally (240 ml of bourbon whiskey) to two patients with external pancreatic fistula following trauma. These findings were subsequently substaniated in a third patient who was observed some four months after publication of the above-mentioned paper. Neither moderate nor large volumes of alcohol administered orally has produced any significant change in exocrine pancreatic secretion as measured in those patients with posttraumatic pancreatic fistula. In our three patients, the stomach and duodenum were intact, and the pancreas was otherwise normal,
Care of War Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury — Flawed Perspectives
Authors: Charles W. Hoge, Herb M. Goldberg, Carl A. Castro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Researchers estimate that more than 300,000 U.S. veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (20% of the 1.6 million) have sustained a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as concussion, with the majority going untreated.1 In response, the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have implemented new postdeployment health initiatives, including screening, communication strategies, disability regulations, and specialty care services.Unfortunately, the clinical definition of "concussion/mild TBI" adopted by the Department of Defense and the VA — a blow or jolt to the head resulting in brief alteration in consciousness, loss of consciousness (lasting . . .
Helminth infestations in immigrant children.
Authors: D. M. Archer, F. N. Bamford, E. Lees
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRIT 1517 attempts-to isolate the Newcastle disease virus until an out- break in factory B in December 1963.An infective agent as a causal factor was again obscured by the absence of outbreaks of fowl pest among the chickens handled.The final method used in the isolation and identifica- tion of the Newcastle disease virus is described.
Accuracy of CT appearances of fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: D M Hansell, A V Wells, K T Tung
Journal: Thorax (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Microexons, exons that are ≤30 nucleotides, were shown to play key roles in neuronal development, but are difficult to detect and quantify using standard RNA-Seq alignment tools. Here, we present MicroExonator, a novel pipeline for reproducible <i>de novo</i> discovery and quantification of microexons. We processed 289 RNA-seq datasets from eighteen mouse tissues corresponding to nine embryonic and postnatal stages, providing the most comprehensive survey of microexons available for mouse. We detected 2,984 microexons, 332 of which are differentially spliced throughout mouse embryonic brain development, including 29 that are not present in mouse transcript annotation databases. Unsupervised clustering of microexons alone segregates brain tissues by developmental time and further analysis suggest a key function for microexon inclusion in axon growth and synapse formation. Finally, we analysed single-cell RNA-seq data from the mouse visual cortex and we report differential inclusion between neuronal subpopulations, suggesting that some microexons could be cell-type specific.
Book Review Neurogenetic Developmental Disorders: Variation of Manifestation in Childhood (Issues in Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychology.) Edited by Michèle M.M. Mazzocco and Judith L. Ross. 507 pp., illustrated. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2007. $60. 978-0-262-13480-4
Authors: Edward M. Kaye
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Emerging Signaling Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Agrin Moeini, Helena Cornellà, Augusto Villanueva
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Signaling pathways have become a major source of targets for novel therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Survival benefits achieved with sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, are unprecedented and underscore the importance of improving our understanding of how signaling networks interact in transformed cells. Numerous signaling modules are de-regulated in HCC, including some related to growth factor signaling (e.g., IGF, EGF, PDGF, FGF, HGF), cell differentiation (WNT, Hedgehog, Notch), and angiogenesis (VEGF). Intracellular mediators such as RAS and AKT/MTOR may also play a role in HCC development and progression. Different molecular mechanisms have been shown to induce aberrant pathway activation. These include point mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and epigenetically driven down-regulation. The use of novel molecular technologies such as next-generation sequencing in HCC research has enabled the identification of novel pathways previously underexplored in the HCC field, such as chromatin remodeling and autophagy. Considering recent failures of molecular therapies in advanced clinical trials (e.g., sunitinib, brivanib), survey of these and other new pathways may provide alternative therapeutic targets.
Prognostic value of histologic features of toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Laurence Valeyrie-Allanore, Sylvie Bastuji-Garin, Sarah Guégan, Nicolas Ortonne, Martine Bagot, Jean-Claude Roujeau, Jean E. Revuz, Janine Wechsler, Pierre Wolkenstein
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Increased diagnosis of thin superficial spreading melanomas: A 20-year study
Authors: Jason E. Frangos, Lyn M. Duncan, Adriano Piris, Rosalynn M. Nazarian, Martin C. Mihm, Mai P. Hoang, Briana Gleason, Thomas J. Flotte, Hugh R. Byers, Raymond L. Barnhill, Alexa B. Kimball
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Predictors of Stroke Complicating Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Atul Mathur, Gary S. Roubin, Sriram S. Iyer, Chumpol Piamsonboon, Ming W. Liu, Camilo R. Gomez, Jay S. Yadav, Hollace D. Chastain, Liesl M. Fox, Larry S. Dean, Jiri J. Vitek
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The evolving technique of carotid stenting is being evaluated as an alternative to endarterectomy. Identification of the factors that predispose a patient to neurological complications would facilitate further refinement of the technique and optimize patient selection. Methods and Results —We analyzed the impact of various clinical, morphological, and procedural determinants on the development of procedural strokes in 231 patients who underwent elective (primary) stenting of 271 extracranial carotid arteries. The mean age of the patients was 68.7±10 years, 165 (71%) were males, and 139 (60%) had symptoms attributed to the lesion treated. This series represented a high-risk subset with 164 patients (71%) having significant coronary artery disease, 91 (39%) having bilateral disease, and 28 (12%) having contralateral carotid occlusion. Of the treated vessels, 59 (22%) had prior carotid endarterectomy, 66 (24%) had ulcerated plaques, and 87 (32%) had calcified lesions. Only 37 treated vessels (14%) would have been eligible for inclusion in the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). There were 17 (6.2%) minor and 2 (0.7%) major strokes during and within 30 days of the procedure. NASCET-eligible patients had a low (2.7%) risk of procedural strokes after carotid stenting. The results of multivariate analysis revealed advanced age ( P =.006) and presence of long or multiple stenoses ( P =.006) as independent predictors of procedural strokes. Conclusions —During this procedural developmental phase of carotid stenting, neurological complications were highly dependent on patient selection. Advanced age and long or multiple stenoses were independent predictors of procedural stroke.
Combating cancer is priority while Slovenia holds presidency of Europe
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Slovenia has chosen combating cancer as its top public health priority while it holds the six month presidency of the European Union.

The government made its intentions clear when it organised a two day conference on the subject in Brdo pri Kranju last week and presented the findings of a new wide ranging report, Responding to the Challenge of Cancer in Europe. 

Zofija Mazej Kukovic, the Slovenian health minister, explained that her government, which holds the rotating EU presidency until the end of June, would like to see national authorities increasing concerted action against cancer. …
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and silent myocardial ischemia in Chinese with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ming-Chia Hsieh, Kai-Jen Tien, Shun-Jen Chang, Daw-Shyong Perng, Jeng-Yueh Hsiao, Yu-Wen Chen, Yu-Hung Chang, Hsuan-Wen Kuo, Pi-Chen Lin
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
A 13-item score based on readily available risk factors predicted risk for 3-year mortality in heart failure
Authors: Saurav Chatterjee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJ, et al; Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC). Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies. Eur Heart J. 2012;Oct 24 [Epub ahead of print]. 23095984
TENDON REFLEXES IN MYXEDEMA: A VALUABLE AID IN DIAGNOSIS
Authors: WILLIAM C. CHANEY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Sir William Gull,<sup>1</sup>in 1873, called attention to a disease with a distinctive group of symptoms which later became known as myxedema, and since then physicians' interest in this disease has steadily increased. Myxedema, according to Boothby's<sup>2</sup>definition, is "a constitutional disease, occurring in adults, due to decrease or absence of the secretion (thyroxin) of the thyroid gland as a result of its atrophy or removal, characterized by a markedly decreased basal metabolic rate, a myxedematous condition of the tissues, a slowed, impaired mental condition, a typical facial expression, and other secondary manifestations." Since the time of Gull, each year has brought forth an ever increasing amount of literature concerning this disease, especially about the diagnostic features. Even now, however, it is surprising how frequently myxedema is unrecognized, and the patient allowed to go from place to place in search of help, in many instances treated for such
Mikhail Izrailevich Perelman
Authors: B. Lichterman
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Mikhail Izrailevich Perelman, thoracic surgeon (b 1924; q Yaroslavl State Medical Institute 1945), died from a pulmonary thromboembolism on 29 March 2013. Thoracic surgeon and specialist in pulmonary tuberculosis who operated on Soviet leaders and criticised WHO’s TB programme
<scp>l</scp> -Arginine Treatment Alters the Kinetics of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Release and Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Igor Huk, Joseph Nanobashvili, Christoph Neumayer, Andreas Punz, Markus Mueller, Kaweh Afkhampour, Martina Mittlboeck, Udo Losert, Peter Polterauer, Erich Roth, Stephen Patton, Tadeusz Malinski
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) may produce species involved in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury: NO in the presence of sufficient l -arginine and superoxide at the diminished local l -arginine concentration accompanying I/R. Methods and Results During hindlimb I/R (2.5 hours/2 hours), in vivo NO was continuously monitored (porphyrinic sensor), and l -arginine (chromatography), superoxide (chemiluminescence), and I/R injury were measured intermittently. Normal rabbits were compared with those infused with l -arginine 4 mg·kg −1 ·min −1 for 1 hour. In both groups, ≈6 minutes into ischemia, a rapid increase of NO from its basal level of 50±17 to 115±7 nmol/L, P &lt;.005 (microvessels), was observed. In animals not treated with l -arginine, NO dropped below basal to undetectable levels (&lt;1 nmol/L) during reperfusion. In animals treated with l -arginine, the decrease of NO was slower, such that substantial amounts accumulated during reperfusion (25 nmol/L). Decreased NO during I/R was accompanied by increased superoxide, which during reperfusion reached 50 nmol/L without or 23 nmol/L with l -arginine treatment. Calcium-dependent cNOS was a major source of superoxide release (inhibited 70% by L-NMMA and 25% by L-NAME) during I/R. Conclusions l -Arginine treatment decreased superoxide generation by cNOS while increasing NO accumulation, leading to protection from constriction (microvessel area, 17.77±0.95 versus 11.66±2.21 μm 2 untreated, P &lt;.0005) and reduction of edema after reperfusion (interfiber area, 16.56±2.13% versus 27.68±7.70% untreated, P &lt;.005).
DEVELOPING THE YOUNG PHYSICIAN'S RESPONSIBILITY AND JUDGMENT IN PATIENT CARE
Authors: William D. Holden
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In the past few years, considerable attention has been devoted to the process of educating the medical student. Endless discussions of this subject have occurred among the faculties of many medical schools, and a significant number of them have resulted in experiments in medical education that are being observed with great interest. Conferences, such as those sponsored by the Association of American Medical Colleges, have taken place with increasing frequency. Sporadic efforts are being made to accumulate, in a scientific fashion, data that will provide a more lucid comprehension of the many factors that influence beneficially or adversely the intellectual maturation of the medical student.  During this past decade of enlightened and praiseworthy experimentation in undergraduate medical education, efforts to study and improve the graduate education of the physician have been negligible. Occasional studies by individual departmental directors have been conducted but have not been publicized widely. It is apparent
Arsenic Intoxication from Well Water in the United States
Authors: Edward J. Feinglass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

PERHAPS no substance has had historical notoriety equal to that of arsenic. Nevertheless, its use in medicinal compounds has been widespread since antiquity, and occupational exposure has been common, particularly in the first half of this century.1 Its greatest use has been in the production of pesticides and herbicides, and a substantial number of accidental deaths have occurred from ingestion of these substances.2 , 3 Despite its ubiquity in the environment, arsenic intoxication in the United States secondary to a contaminated water supply is rare. In the 11 cases reported below, acute and subacute arsenic intoxication was related to ingestion of well . . .
ABC of mental health: Psychosexual problems
Authors: J P Watson, T. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We investigated possible feedback mechanisms of febrile temperatures on LPS- and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced cytokine release in human whole blood. LPS-induced IL-1β release was inhibited at temperatures &gt;38°C, whereas intracellular proIL-1β formation as well as the release of other cytokines except IL-18 were only attenuated above 42°C, indicating that febrile temperatures impair the proteolytic processing of proIL-1β. This attenuated processing is not due to either heat inactivation of caspase-1 or structural changes in proIL-1β produced at higher temperatures. Instead, we propose that febrile conditions change cytosolic compartmentation or trafficking, so that synthesized proIL-1β cannot encounter caspase-1. Febrile temperatures also influenced Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. We observed a 3-fold increase in the Th2-cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 and a reduction to 15% of the Th1-cytokine IL-2 when SEB-stimulated whole blood was incubated at 40°C compared with 37°C. These results indicate that fever limits the production of the fever-inducing IL-1β and also influences the adaptive immune response, favoring Th2 cytokine production.
The Diagnosis of Pneumothorax by Radionuclide Lung Scan
Authors: VICTOR W. LEE, PAUL DEDICK, JEROME H. SHAPIRO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A case of pneumothorax diagnosed by ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy is reported. The diagnosis was not suspected clinically initially and a chest x-ray taken before the lung scan was also interpreted as normal.
Weight loss was greater with Weight Watchers than with a behavioral program plus Weight Watchers
Authors: Scott Kahan, Robyn Osborn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Pinto AM, Fava JL, Hoffmann DA, Wing RR. Combining behavioral weight loss treatment and a commercial program: a randomized clinical trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21:673-80. 23404824
Pathophysiology of Immune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Michael M. Frank, Alan D. Schreiber, John P. Atkinson, Charles J. Jaffe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Studies of the pathophysiology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia emphasize the important role of cell membrane receptors for various immunologically active proteins in the clearance of foreign or damaged particulate materials from the blood stream. Receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and for opsonically active fragments of the third component of complement on cells of the reticuloendothelial system function to clear from the circulation erythrocytes coated with these proteins. Our studies show the key role that complement plays in the biologic function of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies like many cold agglutinins and isoagglutinins. They show how complement may contribute to IgG-mediated cell destruction. The IgG and IgM antibodies have dramatically different effects on erythrocyte survival, and these effects explain many of the clinical differences between IgG- and IgM-mediated hemolytic diseases. These studies also show that many of the factors that influence the course of autoimmune hemolytic anemia act by altering the level of immunologic sensitization required to mediate clearance.
Carcinoid tumour of the common bile duct--a novel complication of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
Authors: I W Fellows, I H Leach, P G Smith, P J Toghill, J Doran
Journal: Gut (1990)

A 30 year old man with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome presented with obstructive jaundice caused by a carcinoid tumour of the mid- and upper common bile duct. This association is probably causally related in view of the propensity for patients with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome to develop neuroendocrine tumours.
P443Investigating coronary effluent transfer as a valid model of remote ischaemic conditioning: the role of stromal derived factor one alpha (SDF-1alpha) and nitric oxide
Authors: J M J Pickard, SM Davidson, DM Yellon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) is a phenomenon of great potential clinical significance, being a non-invasive method to limit lethal reperfusion injury.Moreover, the identity of the putative cardioprotective factor, released from the remote organ, has been the subject of many recent studies.In this regard, cardioprotection via transfer of coronary effluent is increasingly being used as a model of RIC, as it is well suited to investigating the humoral factor.Whether it is a valid model of RIC, however, is yet to be determined.This study aimed to elucidate this point, using both a protein recently shown to be involved in RIC in vivo 1, SDF-1a, and a molecule shown to be necessary in inducing the protective phenotype, nitric oxide (NO).Methods: Langendorff perfused male Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were randomly assigned to paired donor/recipient protocols.Coronary effluent was collected during stabilisation (Ceff) or during a preconditioning protocol of 3x5min global ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion (IPCeff).Recipient hearts were perfused with effluent for 10 min prior to 35 min left coronary artery occlusion and 60 min reperfusion.The end point for all experiments was measurement of infarct size as a proportion of area at risk (I/ AAR%).Involvement of SDF-1a was assessed via inclusion of AMD3100 (5mg/ml), a specific CXCR4 inhibitor, in the effluent.Similarly, involvement of NO was assessed via inclusion of the NOS inhibitor N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100mM) in the effluent.Results: IPCeff significantly reduced infarct size from 41+5% (Ceff) to 22 +6%, (N=7, p,0.0001).IPCeff also caused a significant increase in coronary flow rate (28+4%, p,0.0001 vs. Ceff).AMD3100 did not inhibit IPCeff-mediated cardioprotection (25+2%, p.0.05 vs. Ceff), although interestingly it further augmented coronary flow by 54+5% (p,0.01).L-NAME (100mM) inhibited IPCeff-mediated protection (I/AAR=36+5%, p.0.05 vs. Ceff), and abrogated the increase in coronary flow observed with IPCeff.Conclusions: These data raise interesting questions regarding the universality of an organ/tissue's response to an RIC stimulus.Although the end-effector protective signalling pathways seem to be similar, it is possible that each organ or tissue releases a somewhat different profile of proteins.Indeed, our data suggest just that, with SDF-1a seemingly not involved in intercardiac protection.However, the dependence on NOS activity for protection is in line with the current paradigm.Thus, those who use intercardiac protection as a model of RIC must do so with caution.