tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lithium toxicity in the newborn.
Authors: J K Stothers, D W Wilson, N Royston
Journal: BMJ (1973)

this field, after studying large numbers of subjects of all ages,'-3 would probably consider them to be unrealistically high as a guide to the lower limit of normality.It is also difficult to know what importance can be attached to the findings of a low total bone value in a narrow trephine (03 cm) bone biopsy sample since it is known that there may be wide variations in the individual patient depending upon the site selected.3Regarding the number of patients with osteomalacia, we are told that osteomalacia was diagnosed when the osteoid index was 0-8% or more, since the index was less than 0 7% in all normal subjects.It is well recog- nized that it is unreliable to diagnose osteomalacia merely on the basis of an excess of osteoid.This is particularly the case in azotaemic renal osteodystrophy where excess osteoid formation may be a feature of osteitis fibrosa associated with increased osteoblastic activity even in the absence of osteomalacia.The diagnosis of osteonalacia can be difficult in these circumstances and it is necessary to take cognizance of the amount of osteoid, the width of osteoid seams, and the nature and distribution of the calcification front.4Regarding osteitis fibrosa, apparently this was diagnosed and graded on the number of identifiable areas of bone "scalloping."The main difficulty here is that resorption of bone in these sick patients may not necessarily be due to osteitis fibrosa, and it is desirable to take into account the number of osteoclasts and amounts of marrow fibrosis and woven bone formation.4One final point conerning the time of onset of osteonalacia in azotaemic renal osteodystrophy.Recent published work4 based on detailed quantitative histology of bone is in keeping with the view that the first bony abnormality to arise is usually osteitis filbrosa due to secondary hyperparathyroidism, with subsequent development of a mineralization defect and osteomalacia.This concept is also consistent with the results of studies of serum parathyroid hormone levels in patients with chronic renal failure.5-Iam, etc.,
EFFECT OF ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION ON HYDRATION STATE DURING ‘SUMO’ TRAINING
Authors: K Minami, T Ishikawa, J Ishida, Y Nakagawa
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Exercise in a hot environment can cause loss of water and electrolytes, which conveys tress on homeostasis. Objective To maintain appropriate hydration status in such situation, it expects to be suitable for fluid replacement to drink oral rehydration solutions (ORS) which have higher sodium concentration and higher absorptive of water in the intestine than general purpose sports drinks (SPD). Design Randomized crossover study. Setting University SUMO League. Participants 10 members of a university SUMO club voluntarily participated after providing written informed consent. Interventions Participants ingested SPD or ORS with an equalized exercise load in a randomized crossover manner at a wet bulb globe temperature of 27–30°C. Main outcome measurements Body weight, water distribution with bioelectrical impedance analysis, vital signs, blood analysis and visual analogue scale (VAS) for fatigue and thirst were evaluated between the two drinks. Values are expressed as mean±SD (SPD vs. ORS). Results Differences were observed 15 min after training in the changes from the baseline of serum total protein (0.6±0.3 vs. 0.3±0.2 g/dL, P=.02), serum sodium (–1.4±2.1 vs. 0.2±2.0 mEq/L, P&lt;.01), and VAS scores of fatigue (80±13 vs. 64±24, P=.03) and thirst (49±21 vs. 31±15, P=.03). Differences 75 min after training were also observed in the changes of extracellular fluid (0.3±0.2 vs. 0.5±0.2 L, P=.02), serum osmolarity (–2.7±4.0 vs. 0.4±3.5 mOsm, P=.03). Conclusions The ORS rather than the SPD were shown to be more suitable to maintain hydration status in a hot environment of SUMO training. The intake of ORS should be considered upon exercise accompanied with marked perspiration.
Cardiac Amyloidosis Detected by Tc-99m (V) DMSA Myocardial Uptake
Authors: CARLO MANNI, GIUSEPPE SANGIORGI, SERGIO BOEMI, DOMENICO DE NARDO, CESIDIO CIPRIANI, DARIO CANNATA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Technetium-99m (V) DMSA scintigraphy was performed in a patient with histologically proven systemic amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma. The patient had manifestations of cardiac congestive failure. Radionuclide angiocardiography showed a normal left ventricular ejection fraction, but with a typical restrictive pattern of diastolic filling. Myocardial imaging was performed 4 hours after an intravenous dose of 740 MBq of Tc-99m (V) DMSA. The scans obtained in the 45° and 70° left anterior oblique and anterior views showed a marked and homogeneous accumulation of Tc-99m (V) DMSA in the left ventricular walls with the left ventricular cavity clearly visualized as a central cold area.
The novel DNA methylation inhibitor zebularine is effective against the development of murine T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Michel Herranz, Juan Martín-Caballero, Mario F. Fraga, Jesús Ruiz-Cabello, Juana Maria Flores, Manuel Desco, Victor Marquez, Manel Esteller
Journal: Blood (2005)

Abstract Gene silencing by CpG island promoter hypermethylation has awakened the interest for DNA demethylating agents as chemotherapy drugs. Zebularine (1-[β-D-ribofuranosil]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-1) has been recently described as a new DNA methylation inhibitor. Here we have studied its effects in a mouse model of radiation-induced lymphomagenesis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and positron emission tomography (PET). All control animals presented large thymic T lymphomas and died between 4 and 5.5 months. In contrast, 40% (12 of 30) of zebularine-treated animals were still alive after 1 year (Kaplan-Meier P &lt; .001). NMR and PET imaging showed that surviving animals presented a thymus structure/volume similar to normal mice of the same age. Most important, zebularine demonstrated a complete lack of toxicity in nonirradiated control mice. DNA hypomethylation induced by zebularine occurred in association with depletion in extractable DNA methyltransferase 1 protein. Thus, our data support the role of zebularine as a DNA demethylating agent with antitumor activity and little toxicity.
Lung function by tidal breathing in awake healthy newborn infants
Authors: KC Lodrup Carlsen, P Magnus, KH Carlsen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

The increasing availability of appliances for measuring lung function in infants may allow clinical and epidemiological applications. The aim of the present study was to establish reference values for tidal breathing lung function in awake newborn infants and to investigate potential sources of variability. Tidal flow-volume loops were measured in 803 awake, healthy infants (427 males and 376 females) and passive respiratory mechanics (single-breath occlusion technique) in 664. Mean postnatal age was 2.7 +/- 0.9 (sd) days, gestational age 39.8 +/- 1.4 weeks and birthweight 3.59 +/- 0.49 kg. Tidal expiratory volume (Vt), peak tidal expiratory flow (PEF), and mid-expiratory flow increased significantly with increasing birthweight. Flow ratios: ratio of time to PEF to total expiratory time (Tpef/Te), ratio of volume to PEF to total expiratory volume (Vpef/Ve); and ratio of tidal flow at 25% remaining expiration to PEF (TEF25/PEF), were highest in 1 day old infants (medians 0.39, 0.46 and 0.81 respectively), decreasing to a minimum in 4-5 day old infants, but were not influenced by birthweight. Tidal flows and flow ratios were higher in males versus females, even after weight adjustment. Respiratory rates correlated significantly with tidal flows (r = 0.66), inversely with Vt (r = 0.40), but not with flow ratios. Mean compliance of the respiratory system was 1.18 ml.cmH2O-1.kg birthweight (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15-1.21) and mean resistance 0.051 cmH2O.ml-1.s (95% CI 0.049-0.054). These results demonstrate that lung function in awake healthy infants varies according to weight, gender and postnatal age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
False-Positive Tc-99m Pentavalent DMSA Uptake in the Imaging of Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: JEAN LETTE, DANIELLE MONIER, ROGER LEDOUX, ANDR?? LEVASSEUR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m labeled pentavalent DMSA has been shown to be a reliable imaging agent for the detection of both soft tissue and bony metastases in patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. In a recent series, all patients with distant metastases showed abnormal foci Tc-99m pentavalent DMSA uptake, and 95% of lesions were detected. There were no documented cases of false-positive uptake among 56 patients with histologically proven medullary carcinoma of the thyroid reported in three large studies. A patient is described with false-positive uptake of Tc-99m labeled pentavalent DMSA in a molar root fragment with a periapical granuloma.
Higher Duplicability of Less Important Genes in Yeast Genomes
Authors: Xionglei He, Jianzhi Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Gene duplication plays an important role in evolution because it is the primary source of new genes. Many recent studies showed that gene duplicability varies considerably among genes. Several considerations led us to hypothesize that less important genes have higher rates of successful duplications, where gene importance is measured by the fitness reduction caused by the deletion of the gene. Here, we test this hypothesis by comparing the importance of two groups of singleton genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sce). Group S genes did not duplicate in four other yeast species examined, whereas group D experienced duplication in these species. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found group D genes to be less important than group S genes. Specifically, 17% of group D genes are essential in Sce, compared to 28% for group S. Furthermore, deleting a group D gene in Sce reduces the fitness by 24% on average, compared to 38% for group S. Our subsequent analysis showed that less important genes have more cis-regulatory motifs, which could lead to a higher chance of subfunctionalization of duplicate genes and result in an enhanced rate of gene retention. Less important genes may also have weaker dosage imbalance effects and cause fewer genetic perturbations when duplicated. Regardless of the cause, our observation indicates that the previous finding of a less severe fitness consequence of deleting a duplicate gene than deleting a singleton gene is at least in part due to the fact that duplicate genes are intrinsically less important than singleton genes and suggests that the contribution of duplicate genes to genetic robustness has been overestimated.
Raymond Adams: A Life of Mind and Muscle
Authors: David A. Morowitz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
929 EVALUATION OF SAFETY AND TOLERABILITY OF TENOFOVIR DF (TDF) LONG TERM MONOTHERAPY IN NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOGUE EXPERIENCED PATIENTS WITH HBV MONOINFECTION
Authors: F. van Bömmel, R. deMan, P. Ferenci, J.P. Bronowiki, H. Wedemeyer, A. Erhardt, D. Hüppe, M. Bourlière, C. Sarrazin, J. Trojan, P. Buggisch, J. Petersen, U. Spengler, S. Brost, M. Schuchmann, H. Wasmuth, J. Reijnders, K. Deterding, K. Rutter, B. Fülöp, H.-H. Feucht, B. Wiedenmann, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Kartagener Syndrome
Authors: Hassan Amjad
Journal: JAMA (1974)

KARTAGENER syndrome is a clinical entity comprising a combination of situs inversus, bronchiectasis, and sinusitis or nasal polyposis. The triad is usually seen in a young age group and is punctuated by recurrent upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia. Our patient is an 88-year-old man. To the best of our knowledge, he is the oldest reported survivor with this triad. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 88-year-old white man was recently admitted to the medical service, William Beaumont Hospital. He had generalized weakness, fever, and yellow sputum of three days' duration. He had been hospitalized in 1972 for left lower-lobe pneumonia and once came to the emergency room in 1968 for an upper respiratory tract infection. He could recall since early childhood the production of large amounts of sputum, but otherwise, his health had been relatively good. There was no family history of roentgenological or significant clinical evidence of bronchiectasis, sinusitis,
Prognosis and Relationship of Histologic Features to Clinical Stage
Authors: Robert J. Lukes
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The significance of the wide spectrum of histologic findings observed in Hodgkin's disease has continued to be an enigma, accounting for its unique and somewhat uncertain position in the scheme of malignant neoplasms. Paragranuloma and sarcoma, the histologic types of Jackson and Parker,<sup>7</sup>are now well established as prognostically significant in a small proportion of cases,<sup>1</sup>but clinical staging appears to provide a more reliable general basis for prognosis and determination of therapy. Investigation in the past decade has focused attention on a defective immunologic system, as a result of the demonstrated inability todevelop delayed hypersensitivity and delay in homograft rejection.<sup>10</sup> The relationship between histologic findings and the clinical stages of Hodgkin's disease reported by this author emphasizes the significance of the histologic features and permits the proposal that the histologic variations are a reflection of differences in the state of the host and possibly related
Pneumonia in HIV-infected Persons
Authors: Fred M. Gordin, Mollie P. Roediger, Pierre-Marie Girard, Jens D. Lundgren, Jose M. Miro, Adrian Palfreeman, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Marcelo J. Wolff, Philippa J. Easterbrook, Kate Clezy, Leonard N. Slater
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity for HIV-infected persons and contributes to excess mortality in this population.To evaluate the frequency and risk factors for occurrence of bacterial pneumonia in the present era of potent antiretroviral therapy.We evaluated data from a randomized trial of episodic antiretroviral therapy. The study, Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy, enrolled 5,472 participants at 318 sites in 33 countries. Study patients had more than 350 CD4 cells at baseline. Diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia was confirmed by a blinded clinical-events committee.During a mean follow-up of 16 months, 116 participants (2.2%) developed at least one episode of bacterial pneumonia. Patients randomized to receive episodic antiretroviral therapy were significantly more likely to develop pneumonia than patients randomized to receive continuous antiretroviral therapy (hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.25; P = 0.02). Cigarette smoking was a major risk factor: Current-smokers had more than an 80% higher risk of pneumonia compared with never-smokers (hazard ratio, 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.04; P = 0.02). Participants who were on continuous HIV treatment and were current smokers were three times more likely to develop bacterial pneumonia than nonsmokers. Current smoking status was significant, but a past history of smoking was not.Bacterial pneumonia is a major source of morbidity, even for persons on potent antiretroviral therapy, including those with high CD4 cells. Efforts to reduce this illness should stress the importance of uninterrupted antiretroviral therapy and attainment and/or maintenance of nonsmoking status.
Temporary Survival in Clostridial Hemolysis with Absence of Circulating Red Cells
Authors: Herbert M. Dean, C. Lawrence Decker, Larry D. Baker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

HEMOLYSIS secondary to Clostridium welchii has been described after abortions and surgical procedures. The following case involved complete hemolysis of the circulating red-cell mass in a patient with acute leukemia and survival for several hours with tissue gas exchange occurring by means of plasma hemoglobin:In F.C., a 37-year-old woman, the diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia was made in 1962. Busulfan (Myleran) controlled the disease but in June, 1966, a blast-cell crisis developed, and treatment with vincristine, amethopterin, 6-mercaptopurine and steroids induced a partial remission. Six months later, (in January, 1967), she was hospitalized for hematologic relapse associated with epistaxis . . .
Endoscopic colotomy closure after full thickness excision: comparison of T fastener with multiclip applier
Authors: E. Sporn, B. Miedema, S. Bachman, J. Astudillo, T. Loy, R. Calaluce, K. Thaler
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Safe, reliable, and efficient endoscopic closure of a colotomy is paramount for endoscopic full thickness excision of the colon. Two newly developed devices, the Tissue Apposition System (TAS) and the InScope Multi-Clip Applier (IMCA), may help to achieve this. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using each device to close colotomies after full thickness wall excisions.12 pigs were used in the study. After laparoscopic full thickness excision of the colonic wall, the defect was closed using either the TAS or the IMCA. Closure was performed under laparoscopic vision. Success of colotomy closure, time taken for colotomy closure, postoperative infections, and complication rates were recorded.Complete closure was achieved in 6/6 pigs in the TAS group. In 5/6 pigs in the IMCA group closure was successful; in one pig laparoscopic assistance was used. Median closure time (range) was significantly lower in the TAS group at 48 minutes (15 - 51) vs. 76 minutes (43 - 145) in the IMCA group. There were no postoperative infections or complications.Endoscopic closure after full thickness colonic wall excision is feasible with both the TAS and the IMCA. Closure times are significantly shorter and handling is easier with the TAS. Combined use of both systems might be beneficial.
Continuity of Care: An Approach to Measurement
Authors: ROSALYN D. BASS, CHARLES WINDLE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

After defining continuity of care operationally, the authors developed the "Continuity of Care Inventory" for measuring the continuity provided to clients of a community mental health center as they moved among or stayed within particular services. The results obtained from using the inventory in the center for a one-month period illustrate the potential value of this procedure for other centers.
Joyce Mary Owen (nee Scholefield)
Authors: R. Owen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Joyce Mary Owen (nee Scholefield) attended Liverpool University from 1932 until qualifying in 1938. She then worked in various hospitals in Liverpool, including Myrtle Street and Alder Hey. The outbreak of war in 1939, with many doctors seconded to the armed forces, saw her tackle more senior roles than she would have been qualified to do in peacetime. Nevertheless, her lifelong love of, and affinity with, babies and children …
Physician Manpower Expansionism: A Policy Review
Authors: BERNARD S. BLOOM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

A lack of national health goals has allowed physician manpower policy to be dominated by an expansionist philosophy. Scarce resources have been channeled into the production of specialist physicians trained to provide complex and expensive care for uncommon diseases, using other scarce and expensive resources and adding to the steep rise in medical care costs. Society seems to want access to primary care—a lack it views with dismay—and simultaneously fears increasing costs of care. Lack of access plus high cost might lead to rash implementation of other inappropriate policies. Success of policy decisions is pure serendipity if made without reliable and relevant information or based on inappropriate data, such as opinions alone. If information is unavailable, then physician manpower decisions should be delayed or, if made, implemented cautiously.
INSANITY AT PUBERTY.
Authors: CHARLES W. BURR
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Though pubertal insanity is rare it is important not only because many patients die and others are left permanently demented or imbecile, but also because in many of those who seemingly recover the attack is a warning of liability to mental breakdown later in life. Since the true cause of insanity is largely within the individual, is part and parcel of his mental makeup, depends relatively little on the mere accidents of his external life, his environment, and much on his ancestral history, and since the exciting causes merely give opportunity for insanity to arise, any mental abnormality occurring during the developmental period is of importance, however trifling it may seem in itself, as indicating mental instability or a tendency toward deviation from the normal, which under proper education may be corrected, but which if left uncorrected will certainly lead to disaster in the future. Mental disease appearing in childhood,
Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Warfarin
Authors: Edgar C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rosenthal (215:1671, 1971) described a patient, stabilized with warfarin sodium (Coumadin), whose prothrombin time was appreciably reduced during a period of self-administration of ascorbic acid (dose not reported). Subsequently, Hume et al (219:1479, 1972) noted that 1 gm of ascorbic acid administered daily for 14 days did not interfere with the effect of warfarin on coagulability (as monitored by the Thrombotest) in five patients receiving long-term therapy with warfarin for myocardial infarction. Our communication describes a case of unusual resistance to warfarin in a patient with acute thrombophlebitis who had been consuming approximately 16 gm of ascorbic acid per day. Laboratory studies with high doses of ascorbic acid administered orally in rabbits did not, however, reveal significant inhibition of the anticoagulant action of warfarin sodium. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 70-year-old woman had been treated at Presbyterian-University of Pennsylvania Medical Center for acute thrombophlebitis and was discharged