tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Science writer wins right to appeal against libel ruling over comments on chiropractors
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The science broadcaster and writer Simon Singh has been granted leave to appeal in the libel action brought against him by the British Chiropractic Association.

In August Dr Singh was refused the right to appeal against a ruling made by Mr Justice Eady, in which he said that an article by Dr Singh for the Guardian newspaper was defamatory and alleged that the association was happy to promote bogus treatments ( BMJ 2009;339:b3166, …
The polarized hepatic human/rat hybrid WIF 12-1 and WIF-B cells communicate efficientlyin vitro via connexin 32-constituted gap junctions
Authors: Catherine Chaumontet, Giovanna Mazzoleni, Catherine Decaens, Valérie Bex, Doris Cassio, Paule Martel
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an essential role in the control of growth, differentiation, and functions of different tissues. The expression of connexins (Cxs), the structural proteins of gap junctions, is developmentally regulated and tissue-specific. In vivo hepatocytes express Cx32 and Cx26. Most currently available in vitro hepatic cell systems express Cx43 instead of the expected Cxs. This work analyzes the GJIC competence and Cx expression of the highly differentiated and polarized hepatoma-derived hybrid cell lines, WIF 12-1 and WIF-B. It shows (using two dye transfer assays) that both lines communicate efficiently and that the acquisition of GJIC competence precedes the formation of bile canaliculi. Interestingly, these cells communicate via Cx32 expression, whereas Cx26 and Cx43 are not expressed, as demonstrated by Western and Northern blotting, immunocytochemistry, and confocal microscopy. The human fibroblast W138 parent communicates via Cx43, whereas the rat hepatoma parent Fao and the subclone WIF 12-1 TGdelta, that has lost the human X chromosome, do not communicate, the expression of Cx32 being restricted to the mRNA in these two lines. The GJIC competence of WIF cells could thus result from the activation of the human X chromosome-linked Cx32 gene.
Is It Feasible to Reach the Bypassed Stomach after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity? The Use of the Double-Balloon Enteroscope
Authors: P. Sakai, R. Kuga, A. V. Safatle-Ribeiro, J. Faintuch, J. J. Gama-Rodrigues, R. K. Ishida, C. K. Furuya, H. Yamamoto, S. Ishioka
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic evaluation of the excluded stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity is a challenge, and the pathological changes that take place in the bypassed stomach are unclear. A new double-balloon method of evaluating the bypassed stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity is described here. Patients and Methods: This new enteroscope uses two balloons, one attached to the tip of the endoscope and the other to the distal end of the soft overtube. The procedures were carried out in six patients using the retrograde route, through the end-to-side jejunal anastomosis via the duodenobiliopancreatic limb up to the bypassed stomach. Results: The bypassed stomach was reached in five of six patients (83.3 %). An endoscopic appearance of atrophic gastritis was found in three patients, mild in two cases and severe in one case with intestinal metaplasia. Erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis was found in two patients. Conclusions: Endoscopic evaluation of the bypassed stomach via the retrograde route after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity is feasible using the double-balloon enteroscope.
Relationships of Abdominal Obesity and Hyperinsulinemia to Angiographically Assessed Coronary Artery Disease in Men With Known Mutations in the LDL Receptor Gene
Authors: Daniel Gaudet, Marie-Claude Vohl, Patrice Perron, Gérald Tremblay, Claude Gagné, Daniel Lesiège, Jean Bergeron, Sital Moorjani, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Patients with a mutation in the LDL receptor gene (familial hypercholesterolemia, or FH) are characterized by substantial elevations in plasma LDL cholesterol and are at higher risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Correlates of abdominal obesity may also contribute to the risk of ischemic cardiac events. Whether the hyperinsulinemic-insulin-resistant state of abdominal obesity affects coronary atherosclerosis among FH patients has not been determined.The relation of abdominal adiposity and hyperinsulinemia to angiographically assessed CAD was evaluated in a sample of 120 French Canadian men aged <60 years who were heterozygotes for FH and in a group of 280 men without FH. In the present study, the risk of CAD associated with abdominal obesity, as estimated by the waist circumference, was largely dependent on the concomitant variation in plasma lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. In contrast, the association between fasting insulin and CAD was independent of variations in waist girth, triglyceride, HDL, and apolipoprotein B concentrations (odds ratio, 1.86; P=.0005). However, the most substantial increase in the risk of CAD was observed among abdominally obese (waist circumference >95 cm) and hyperinsulinemic FH patients (odds ratio, 12.9; P=.0009). This increase in risk remained significant even after adjustment for LDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B concentrations.Results of the present study provide support for the notion that the hyperinsulinemic-insulin-resistant state of abdominal obesity is a powerful predictor of CAD in men, even in a group of patients with raised LDL cholesterol concentrations due to FH.
Type III and Type I Procollagen Markers in Fibrosing Alveolitis
Authors: LAURI LAMMI, LASSE RYHÄNEN, ESSI LAKARI, JUHA RISTELI, PAAVO PÄÄKKÖ, KATRIINA KAHLOS, SEPPO LÄHDE, VUOKKO KINNULA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Deposition of types I and III collagen is a typical feature in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. We assessed the propeptides of these procollagens as prognostic markers in 18 patients with fibrosing alveolitis. We analyzed the amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) and the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) from samples of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum, and also estimated their concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) by the urea method. The level of PIIINP in serum (p < 0.05), BALF (p < 0.05), and ELF (p < 0.05), and the levels of PICP in BALF (p < 0.001) and ELF (p < 0.001) but not in serum, were significantly increased in the patients with fibrosing alveolitis as compared with 17 controls who had been investigated for minor respiratory symptoms. In the BALF and ELF of patients with fibrosing alveolitis, PICP but not PIIINP had significant negative correlations with the specific diffusion coefficient for carbon monoxide (Dl CO/ Va). The amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen in BALF correlated significantly with one another. During the follow-up period of 6 yr, seven of the 18 patients with fibrosing alveolitis died of the disease, 3 others died of malignancy, and one patient died from an unknown cause. Dl CO (p < 0.05) differed significantly between the surviving patients and those who died of fibrosing alveolitis, and detectable PIIINP in BALF predicted death from fibrosing alveolitis (p = 0.05). In conclusion, these results show that PIIINP in BALF, ELF, and serum, and PICP in BALF and ELF, are increased in patients with fibrosing alveolitis. A high level of PICP in BALF, and especially in ELF, suggests a chronic process and increased synthesis of type I collagen in the lungs, whereas PIIINP in BALF and ELF suggests active disease and a poor prognosis.
Evidence for organic cation transporter-mediated metformin transport and 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation in rat skeletal muscles
Authors: Rieko Oshima, Mayumi Yamada, Eriko Kurogi, Yohei Ogino, Yasuhiro Serizawa, Satoshi Tsuda, Xiao Ma, Tatsuro Egawa, Tatsuya Hayashi
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
Correction of the Iron Overload Defect in β-2-Microglobulin Knockout Mice by Lactoferrin Abolishes Their Increased Susceptibility to Tuberculosis
Authors: Ulrich E. Schaible, Helen L. Collins, Friedrich Priem, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

As a resident of early endosomal phagosomes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is connected to the iron uptake system of the host macrophage. beta-2-microglobulin (beta2m) knockout (KO) mice are more susceptible to tuberculosis than wild-type mice, which is generally taken as a proof for the role of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-restricted CD8 T cells in protection against M. tuberculosis. However, beta2m associates with a number of MHC-I-like proteins, including HFE. This protein regulates transferrin receptor mediated iron uptake and mutations in its gene cause hereditary iron overload (hemochromatosis). Accordingly, beta2m-deficient mice suffer from tissue iron overload. Here, we show that modulating the extracellular iron pool in beta2m-KO mice by lactoferrin treatment significantly reduces the burden of M. tuberculosis to numbers comparable to those observed in MHC class I-KO mice. In parallel, the generation of nitric oxide impaired in beta2m-KO mice was rescued. Conversely, iron overload in the immunocompetent host exacerbated disease. Consistent with this, iron deprivation in infected resting macrophages was detrimental for intracellular mycobacteria. Our data establish: (a) defective iron metabolism explains the increased susceptibility of beta2m-KO mice over MHC-I-KO mice, and (b) iron overload represents an exacerbating cofactor for tuberculosis.
Use of "Syntometrine" in the Third Stage of Labour
Authors: W. O. Chukudebelu, A. T. Marshall, J. A. Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Intramuscular injection of ergometrine before completion of the second stage of labour is now recognized as a useful routine measure for the control of post-partum haemorrhage. It suffers however from the disadvantage of a long latent period of approximately seven minutes (Embrey and Garrett, 1958) before the uterus responds. The advantage of ergometrine lies in the prolonged and firm contraction of the uterus which follows.
Sera from patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis contain autoantibodies to periplakin
Authors: G.T. Park, G. Quan, J.B. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

The pathophysiological mechanism of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) with extensive bullae that is induced suddenly by drugs is not well understood. The individual patterns and distribution of the widespread mucocutaneous reactions of TEN often show striking similarities with those of paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), which is known to involve autoantibodies (aAbs) to members of the plakin family.To investigate the existence of circulating aAbs to periplakin in the sera of patients with TEN.The presence of circulating aAbs to periplakin was examined using immunoblotting, immunoabsorption and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) analyses. Recombinant protein expression was used to determine the interaction between periplakin and aAbs in the sera of patients with TEN.Indirect IF studies revealed circulating aAbs in the intercellular area in the epidermis. Interestingly, on rat bladder the staining pattern of the IgG deposits was similar to that observed in patients with PNP. Immunoblotting analysis of the epidermal extracts was used to identify the aAbs in the sera of patients with TEN. These contained circulating aAbs to a 190-kDa protein corresponding to periplakin. Recombinant periplakin and domains of periplakin were prepared in order to confirm the existence of aAbs to periplakin. Immunoblotting with these proteins demonstrated that the sera from patients with TEN reacted with each domain as well as with the full-length periplakin.We found that circulating aAbs in the sera of patients with TEN target periplakin. These aAbs might play a role in the pathogenesis of TEN as a humoral autoimmune mechanism.
Early Diagnosis and Malignant Disease of the Hip-Reply
Authors: Roy A. Meals
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our article stresses two points. All hips that ache are not arthritic, and malignant disease will not be diagnosed if it is not included in the differential. The fact that these patients had been symptomatic for an average of nearly six months before referral to our unit and that a diagnosis of malignant disease was made on the average of six days after referral suggests that earlier diagnosis could have been made had it been considered. For example, two patients had not previously received roentgenograms of the affected areas. Death or total incapacitation occurred an average of four months after diagnosis in five of our seven patients. Thus, late diagnosis and treatment were ineffective. Whether these specific patients would have benefited from earlier diagnosis is circumspective. Given the natural history of malignant disease, however, the hope for patients such as these rationally comes from earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Cardiac Amyloidosis: Clinical Studies of 24 Cases.
Authors: Paul L. Bleakley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Cardiac Amyloidosis: Clinical Studies of 24 Cases.Paul L. Bleakley, M.D., Paul N. Yu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Paul L. Bleakley, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Paul N. Yu, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-316_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptClinical and pathologic studies were made in 24 cases of cardiac amyloidosis. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I patients consisted of 10 elderly males with interstitial deposition of amyloid confined to enlarged hearts (460 to 650 g). Group II patients included 14 patients who had variable heart size (216 to 660 g) and generalized amyloidosis with predominantly nodular and perivascular deposits of amyloid in the myocardium.Congestive heart failure was observed in 6 patients of Group I and in 10 patients of Group II. Hypotension and albuminuria were common in Group II but infrequent in Group I.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 316-316KeywordsAmyloidosisElderlyHeartHeart failureHypotensionMyocardium Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy
Authors: Lisa A. Newman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The megakaryocyte lineage originates from hemangioblast precursors and is an integral component both of primitive and of definitive hematopoiesis
Authors: Joanna Tober, Anne Koniski, Kathleen E. McGrath, Radhika Vemishetti, Rachael Emerson, Karen K. L. de Mesy-Bentley, Richard Waugh, James Palis
Journal: Blood (2006)

Abstract In the adult, platelets are derived from unipotential megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFCs) that arise from bipotential megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors (MEPs). To better define the developmental origin of the megakaryocyte lineage, several aspects of megakaryopoiesis, including progenitors, maturing megakaryocytes, and circulating platelets, were examined in the murine embryo. We found that a majority of hemangioblast precursors during early gastrulation contains megakaryocyte potential. Combining progenitor assays with immunohistochemical analysis, we identified 2 waves of MEPs in the yolk sac associated with the primitive and definitive erythroid lineages. Primitive MEPs emerge at E7.25 along with megakaryocyte and primitive erythroid progenitors, indicating that primitive hematopoiesis is bilineage in nature. Subsequently, definitive MEPs expand in the yolk sac with Meg-CFCs and definitive erythroid progenitors. The first GP1bβ-positive cells in the conceptus were identified in the yolk sac at E9.5, while large, highly reticulated platelets were detected in the embryonic bloodstream beginning at E10.5. At this time, the number of megakaryocyte progenitors begins to decline in the yolk sac and expand in the fetal liver. We conclude that the megakaryocyte lineage initially originates from hemangioblast precursors during early gastrulation and is closely associated both with primitive and with definitive erythroid lineages in the yolk sac prior to the transition of hematopoiesis to intraembryonic sites.
Elastin Stabilization for Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Jason C. Isenburg, Dan T. Simionescu, Barry C. Starcher, Narendra R. Vyavahare
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Maintaining the integrity of arterial elastin is vital for the prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. We hypothesized that in vivo stabilization of aortic elastin with pentagalloyl glucose (PGG), an elastin-binding polyphenol, would interfere with AAA development. Methods and Results— Safety and efficacy of PGG treatment were first tested in vitro using cytotoxicity, elastin stability, and PGG-elastin interaction assays. For in vivo studies, the efficacy of PGG was evaluated within a well-established AAA model in rats on the basis of CaCl 2 -mediated aortic injury. With this model, PGG was delivered periadventitially at 2 separate time points during the course of AAA development; aortic diameter, elastin integrity, and other pathological aspects were monitored and evaluated in PGG-treated aortas compared with saline-treated control aortas. Our results show that a one-time periadventitial delivery of noncytotoxic levels of PGG inhibits elastin degeneration, attenuates aneurysmal expansion, and hinders AAA development in rats without interfering with the pathogenic mechanisms typical of this model, namely inflammation, calcification, and high metalloproteinase activities. PGG binds specifically to arterial elastin and, in doing so, preserves the integrity of elastic lamellae despite the presence of high levels of proteinases derived from inflammatory cells. Conclusions— Periadventitial administration of PGG hinders the development of AAA in a clinically relevant animal model. Stabilization of aortic elastin in aneurysm-prone arterial segments offers great potential toward the development of safe and effective therapies for AAAs.
Expression of sCD23 in atopic and nonatopic blood donors: correlation with age, total serum IgE, and allergic symptoms
Authors: D. Wilhelm, M. Klouche, S. Görg, H. Kirchner
Journal: Allergy (1994)

Although structure, biologic activities, and expression of the low‐affinity IgE receptor (Fc e RII, CD23) have been investigated, the diagnostic value for allergies of this molecule and its soluble circulating fragment (sCD23) remains unclear. Therefore, serum sCD23 levels were measured in 203 blood donors. They were divided into atopic and nonatopic subjects by allergy history, physical findings of allergic symptoms, and corresponding specific circulating IgE antibodies. The group consisting of nonatopic subjects was divided into four age categories in order to exclude age‐dependent variations in the expression of the low‐affinity IgE receptor. In our study population, sCD23 serum levels were not influenced by age. Furthermore, no significant differences, especially no decrease in serum sCD23 levels, between the four nonatopic age groups were detected. There was no significant increase of sCD23 serum levels in atopic subjects in comparison with nonatopic blood donors. In addition, no correlation between total IgE levels and sCD23 serum levels could be detected, in either the group of atopic donors or the group of nonatopics. Our data suggest that the circulating low‐affinity IgE receptor does not appear to be an additional general marker for the diagnosis of allergies, as previously suggested.
Effect of Long-Term Glycemic Control on Cognitive Function
Authors: Nadina B Lincoln, Rachael M Faleiro, Catherine Kelly, Bernadette A Kirk, William J Jeffcoate
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To investigate the relationship between recurrent hypoglycemia and cognitive impairment in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.Seventy patients who were diagnosed as diabetic at age 18 years or older, were under 55 years old, and had no condition likely to affect cognitive abilities were recruited from a diabetic register. Patients were interviewed to obtain information on the frequency of major and minor hypoglycemia. Their cognitive abilities were assessed on tests of premorbid intelligence, current intelligence, reaction time, concentration, memory, and information processing.There was a significant correlation between the apparent decline in intelligence, expressed as the discrepancy between the estimated premorbid and the actual performance intelligence quotient, and the frequency of major hypoglycemic attacks (rs = -0.30; P < 0.01). Comparison of patients with and without recurrent hypoglycemia showed few significant differences in cognitive ability.Results support previous work that suggests that major hypoglycemic attacks have a significant effect on some aspects of cognitive function, but the clinical importance of this finding remains to be determined.