tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hope for the Treatment of Intestinal Scleroderma
Authors: Phillip P. Toskes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

MOTILITY disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract will develop in approximately half of all patients with scleroderma,1 regardless of whether they have the complete CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's disease, esophageal involvement, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia). Indeed, motility disturbances of the gastrointestinal tract may be what initially brings the patient to medical attention and leads to a diagnosis of scleroderma. Although the esophagus is most often affected, smooth muscle throughout the digestive tract may be abnormal.Dysphagia, heartburn, stricture, and bleeding may all result from scleroderma of the lower two thirds of the esophagus. Esophageal manometry in patients with these symptoms and signs . . .
Antiestrogens Proving Their Potential
Authors: K. Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Antiestrogens Proving Their Potential Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 2, 17 January 1990, Pages 87–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.2.87 Published: 17 January 1990
Altered gastrointestinal immune response in sarcoidosis.
Authors: P A McCormick, C Feighery, C Dolan, C O'Farrelly, P Kelliher, F Graeme-Cook, A Finch, K Ward, M X Fitzgerald, D P O'Donoghue
Journal: Gut (1988)

Because of the possible clinical association between coeliac disease and sarcoidosis, the incidence of humoral sensitivity to dietary proteins was examined in patients with sarcoidosis. Raised concentrations of circulating IgG antibodies to alpha gliadin were found in 41/99 sarcoid patients whereas antibody levels to casein, beta lactoglobulin and ovalbumin were similar to normal controls. Subsequently, a group of 26 sarcoid patients were selected for small intestinal biopsy; 11 had raised and 15 normal alpha gliadin antibody (AGA) levels. One AGA positive patient had villous atrophy consistent with coeliac disease. Intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts were raised in AGA positive (median 30; 95% confidence limits 22-46) and AGA negative (median 24; 95% confidence limits 19-32) sarcoid patients when compared with a control group (median 13.5; 95% confidence limits 10-18) p less than 0.01. Serum IgG concentrations were raised in 11/52 patients tested but there was no correlation between IgG levels and the presence of IgG antigliadin antibodies. HLA Dr typing was done in 21 of the 26 biopsied patients. The coeliac disease associated antigen Dr3 was present in eight of 21 (38%) which is very similar to the prevalence in unselected blood donors (34%). There was no significant difference in IEL counts between Dr3 positive and Dr3 negative sarcoid patients. These findings suggest that in patients with sarcoidosis, there is an altered gastrointestinal mucosal immune response, accompanied in about 40% of patients by specific sensitisation to wheat protein.
AN OPERATION FOR INGROWING TOE NAILS
Authors: GROVER C. NEY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Ingrowing toe nail is a very common disorder. It is caused either by tight fitting shoes or by the bad practice of cutting the angles of the nails, allowing the sharp corners to jut into the soft parts, producing an eroded area that soon becomes infected. This condition usually occurs on the mesial side of the great toe, and less commonly the side near the second toe. Frequently the nail is markedly convex, and the edge curved toward the toe, cutting into the flesh and producing an erosion. The toe becomes not only painfully inflamed, but also thickened, as a result of the nail's acting as an irritant. The palliative treatment is effective, provided the soft parts have not become eroded or infected. Even after recovery from the palliative procedures, the condition is prone to recur. Most of the operations for ingrowing toe nails have to do with the removal
Massive Transplacental Hemorrhage With Neonatal Death
Authors: Gordon W. McGowan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Extreme asphyxia pallida following a normal, spontaneous delivery was found to be simply hemorrhagic shock. The unsuspected anemia was discovered 12 hours after delivery. Transplacental loss of nearly two thirds of the baby's blood into the mother's circulation was documented by hematologic studies.
The HL-A system and psoriasis
Authors: J.C. WOODROW, V.K. DAVE, N. USHER, JEANNETTE ANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A study of 157 psoriatic patients showed that 48.4% were HL-A 17 positive (control 6.0%). The relative risk of psoriasis in HL-A 17 positive individuals (14.7) was significantly higher than that reported from other centes, whilst that for HL-A 13 was lower. HL-A 17 was commoner in femal patients and associated with an earlier age of onset of psoriasis than when HL-A 17 was absent. The earlier age of onset in females is largely due to the higher frequency of HL-A 17. Family studies show that often the ingeritance of HL-A 17 is a necessary condition for psoriasis to appear and this probably applies in some instances to HL-A 13. It is likely that there is interaction between HL-A 17 and HL-A 13 and other genes predisposing to psoriasis. In some families there appears to be no association between psoriasis and the HL-A system. The general significance of these findings is discussed.
Benactyzine in Psychoneurosis
Authors: C. P. Seager, A. Leitch
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEDICAL JOURNALgenerally and in temporal lobe epilepsy has recently been re-emphasized in Ounsted's (1955) preliminary report on his survey of epileptic children, but the point at which this would be operative is still obscure.It may be that Ammon's horn sclerosis or any other focal lesion in the temporal lobe would give rise to epilepsy only if additional factors were present.It is pertinent in this respect to observe that, even in animal experiments, during electrical or chemical stimulation of the medial centres of the temporal lobe it may be necessary sometimes, in order to produce temporal lobe attacks, to lower the animal's seizures threshold with small doses of leptazol. SummaryAmmon's horn sclerosis has been encountered in resected temporal lobes of 19 out of 27 cases (70%) suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy.The mean age of onset of the epileptic history when Ammon's horn sclerosis was present lay at the fourth year of life, but in less than half of the cases only a history of birth trauma could be elicited.The association with a history of status epilepticus preceding the psychomotor seizures was encountered in at least 64% of these cases; this association was not encountered in those cases without Ammon's horn sclerosis.The importance of the various pathogenetic mecha- nisms is discussed, particular stress being laid upon cerebral oedema as a major factor.The association between Ammon's horn sclerosis and temporal lobe epilepsy is of considerable interest; although this relationship is not yet fully understood, it is probably not simple or direct.The possible mechanisms involved are briefly discussed in the light of recent conceptual developments concerning temporal lobe epilepsy.
Control of Vascular Cell Proliferation and Migration by PPAR-γ
Authors: Willa A. Hsueh, Simon Jackson, Ronald E. Law
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Compared with nondiabetic subjects, type 2 diabetic individuals are at an increased risk for coronary artery disease and coronary restenosis after angioplasty or stenting. Increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contribute importantly to the formation of both atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions. Therefore, pharmaceutical interventions targeting proteins that regulate VSMC growth or movement are a promising new approach to treat diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease. Peroxisome proliferator—activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that, when activated by thiazolidinedione (TZD) insulin sensitizers, regulates a host of target genes. All of the major cells in the vasculature express PPAR-γ, including endothelial cells, VSMCs, and monocytes/macrophages. PPAR-γ is present in intimal macrophages and VSMCs in early human atheromas. In an animal model of vascular injury, PPAR-γ levels are substantially elevated in the neointima that forms after mechanical injury of the endothelium. Recent experimental studies provide evidence that PPAR-γ may function to protect the vasculature from injury. Cell culture studies have shown that TZD PPAR-γ ligands inhibit both the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. These antiatherogenic activities of PPAR-γ may also occur in vivo,because TZDs inhibit lesion formation in several animal models. PPAR-γligands may also protect the vasculature indirectly by normalizing metabolic abnormalities of the diabetic milieu that increase cardiovascular risk. Activation of PPAR-γ, newly defined in vascular cells, may be a useful approach to protect the vasculature in diabetes.
Criteria for two-staged arterial switch operation for simple transposition of great arteries.
Authors: M Nakazawa, K Oyama, Y Imai, K Nojima, H Aotsuka, G Satomi, H Kurosawa, A Takao
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We analyzed hemodynamic variables in patients with transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (simple transposition) after pulmonary artery banding and Blalock-Taussig anastomosis to establish the criteria for two-staged arterial switch operation. The study included 35 patients who underwent the switch operation after banding and anastomosis; two died shortly after surgery, and one died of tachycardia 31 days after the operation. The left-to-right ventricular pressure ratio was above 0.83 in all surviving patients, 0.68 and 0.63 in the two operative deaths, and 0.84 in the other death. In the 32 surviving patients, angiographically determined left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction averaged 147 +/- 46(SD)% of normal and 0.64 +/- 0.12, respectively. We also measured LV mass using angiographic LV semiaxes and end-diastolic LV posterior wall thickness obtained from an echocardiogram. These variables of the patients who died were not different from those of the surviving patients. The wall thickness was greater than 4 mm in the surviving patients, while it was 3.5 mm in the two patients who died early and 5 mm in the patient who died later. From the semiaxes, the wall thickness, and aortic diastolic pressure, all of which were obtained before the anatomic repair, we calculated the predictive LV wall stress. This wall stress would indicate the LV wall stress at the time of aortic valve opening immediately after the arterial switch operation. Predictive wall stress was less than 120 x 10(3) dynes/cm2 in all but one of the surviving patients, whereas it was 151, 153, and 186 x 10(3) dynes/cm2 in the three patients who died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Primer for Psychotherapists
Authors: JOHN W. SCHUMACHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

covers in excellent fashion the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen.It affords the physician the background of information essential to evaluate an acute abdomen and to attain therapeutic judgment.It is small, compact, can be read with advantage in a few hours, and will serve as a handy reference book for student, general practitioner, and specialist alike.It is recommended for perusal or study by any physician encountering acute abdominal conditions in practice.It is a valuable contribution to medical literature and deseirves to be in the library of practicing physicians.
The Macrophage Mannose Receptor Induces IL-17 in Response to Candida albicans
Authors: Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Renoud J. Marijnissen, Bart Jan Kullberg, Hans J.P.M. Koenen, Shih-Chin Cheng, Irma Joosten, Wim B. van den Berg, David L. Williams, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Leo A.B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Points: Struggling with malpractice
Authors: T. I Jones
Journal: BMJ (1987)

s eloquent description of Mary McDaid, dead in bed at 33 (25 July, p 265), set me thinking about where Mary and her like were represented in the evaluation of a shared diabetes care scheme reported by Dr John Day's group (20 June, p 1590)-perhaps among those for whom it was agreed that "improved control could not be achieved" or among the 40-60% of patients who do not consult specialists for diabetes care?The authors do not tell us how many patients fell into each group, nor how they fared over the next two years.The disappointing physical deterioration that occurred over the two years might have been mainly in that group where doctors had settled for poorer blood glucose control.The authors, and others (18 July, p 214), have proposed various solutions to improve the organisation of diabetic care including "greater con- centration on patient advice."Attempts at blanket patient advice have not met with much success in changing patient behaviour, and it would seem rational to tailor the advice to the specific needs of different groups of patients.We should take Mary's statement, that "it was all right for doctors with their fancy talk," into account in her management.Studies of patient outcome would also be better interpreted if they classified patients by their health beliefs and health seeking behaviour as well as their blood glucose values, and took this classification into account in the analysis.
Effects of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Proteins on p53-mediated Apoptosis in Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Koichi Tanaka, Jian-Ping Zou, Kazuyo Takeda, Victor J. Ferrans, Gordon R. Sandford, Thomas M. Johnson, Toren Finkel, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Restenotic and atherosclerotic lesions often contain smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which display high rates of proliferation and apoptosis. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may increase the incidence of restenosis and predispose to atherosclerosis. Although the mechanisms contributing to these processes are unclear, studies demonstrate that one of the immediate-early (IE) gene products of HCMV, IE2-84, binds to and inhibits p53 transcriptional activity. Given the role of p53 in mediating apoptosis, we studied the ability of IE2-84 to inhibit p53-dependent apoptosis in human coronary artery SMCs.Apoptosis of SMCs was induced either by use of an adenovirus vector encoding human wild-type p53 protein or by treatment with doxorubicin. HCMV IE1-72 and IE2-84, the major IE proteins of HCMV, were overexpressed separately with adenovirus vectors encoding each protein, and the effects on p53-induced apoptosis were examined by both nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and flow cytometry. Expression of IE2-84, but not IE1-72, protected SMCs from p53-mediated apoptosis.These data indicate that an HCMV IE protein antagonizes p53-mediated apoptosis, suggesting a pathway by which HCMV infection predisposes to SMC accumulation and thereby contributes to restenosis and atherosclerosis.
Most people should pay for NHS drugs
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

NHS prescriptions should be abolished, except for people who cannot afford them or who are chronically ill.

The proposal comes from the right wing think tank, the Institute of Economic Affairs, which argues that the present system, in which 83% of prescriptions are free and the rest cost £5.75 ($9.20) an item, is pointless and wasteful. In Should Pharmaceutical Prices be Regulated? the institute's health and welfare unit points out …
Expression of Inhibin/Activin Subunits Alpha (-α), BetaA (-βA), and BetaB (-βB) in Placental Tissue of Normal, Preeclamptic, and HELLP Pregnancies
Authors: I. Mylonas, B. Schiessl, U. Jeschke, J. Vogl, A. Makrigiannakis, C. Kuhn, S. Schulze, F. Kainer, K. Friese
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2006)
Erratum: Corrigendum: A critical function for type I interferons in cancer immunoediting
Authors: Gavin P Dunn, Allen T Bruce, Kathleen C F Sheehan, Vijay Shankaran, Ravindra Uppaluri, Jack D Bui, Mark S Diamond, Catherine M Koebel, Cora Arthur, J Michael White, Robert D Schreiber
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Serum Gastrin and the Antral Mucosa in Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: R. G. Strickland, P. S. Bhathal, M. G. Korman, J. Hansky
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The gastric antral mucosa was studied histologically in 22 patients with atrophic gastritis, of whom 11 had high levels and 11 had normal levels of serum gastrin. The antrum was graded histologically from normal to grade 3 gastritis. All patients with hypergastrinaemia (nine seropositive and two seronegative for parietal cell antibody) had either a normal antrum or minimal (grade 1) antral gastritis. In contrast all but one patient without raised serum gastrin (nine seronegative and two seropositive for parietal cell antibody) had severe (grades 2-3) antral gastritis. Thus circulating gastrin levels observed in patients with gastritis and achlorhydria can be directly related to the presence or absence of antral mucosal damage.Comparison of the histological appearances of the antral mucosa with serum gastrin and parietal cell antibody status has provided a basis for the separation of two distinctive forms of atrophic gastritis.
The Action of Pituitary Extract Administered by the Alimentary Canal
Authors: H. H. Knaus
Journal: BMJ (1926)

rJO,xAmA in one almost straight line; but still the child is absolutely helpless.This symptom does not, I think, occur in other diseases than infantile paralysis in early childhood.I noticed, for instance, in a case of pneumococcal meningitis, that the child was able to raise herself in bed without any special difficulty, although her neck and back were quite stiff.This child appeared to be recovering, but died sooln after.This paralysis of the trunk is too obvious a sylmiptom to have escaped notice before.Many writers mention it, but do not attach any special importance to it, evidently looking upon it as one of the many manifestations of the lesioll of the lower motor neurone.There are two suffi- cient reasons for rejecting this view.(1) Any subsequenit wasting of the muscles of the trunk is unusual.Complete recovery is the rule, although it may take some weeks, as in the case already quoted.This is in striking contrast to the paralysis of the legs, in which complete recovery is the exception.In the last two epidemics, which -have formed
Environmental Influences on the Early Development of Autonomic Cardiac Regulation in the Rat
Authors: Myron A. Hofer
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

This investigation of the early development of neural control of cardiac rate has disclosed a phase when autonomic balance and response integration are organized very differently from the adult. In addition, the young rat at this stage shows a particular physiological sensitivity to seperation from its mother, involving a marked decrease in sympathetic tone. We hope that a more precise understanding of the factors involved can be achieved in this relatively simple model system and that such facts will shed some light on the process by which early experiences affect the development of psychophysiological systems and shape future psychosomatic vulnerability.
Death in Springtime
Authors: Lawrence Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

On Being a Doctor1 June 1998Death in SpringtimeLawrence Smith, MDLawrence Smith, MDMount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail An expression of shocked grief, a phone thrust into my hands, and the words falling on disbelieving ears: "She won't be at work tomorrow. She's dead." An accident had cut short the life of one of my interns. The story was tragic: last day of vacation, bags packed, a friend waiting at the hotel, and one final jog before a long flight home. A speeding car, a distracted runner, and an unfamiliar city combined to produce massive injuries; an ambulance rescue; intensive resuscitation; respirator support; and, ultimately, recognition of brain death. With her stunned parents at her bedside, the machines ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029Corresponding Author: Lawrence Smith, MD, Mount Sinai Hospital, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 118, New York, NY 10029-6574. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUntaming Grief ? For Palliative Care PhysiciansExamination of pigments on Thai manuscripts: the first identification of copper citrateDeath in SpringtimeVictor S. Sloan, MD 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 955KeywordsAmbulancesBrainEmotionsResuscitationShockTouchVentilatorsWalking Issue Published: 1 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Neurohormonal control of calcium sensitivity of myofilaments in rat single heart cells.
Authors: M Puceat, O Clement, P Lechene, J M Pelosin, R Ventura-Clapier, G Vassort
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To investigate the changes in the properties of cardiac contractile proteins due to neurohormonal stimulation, different agonists were applied to single cells isolated from rat ventricle. Cells were then rapidly skinned by Triton X-100, and force was recorded after gluing the cells to a strain gauge. The skinned cells had mechanical properties very similar to those described for thin trabeculas. Tension-pCa relations were highly reproducible from one cell to another, with sarcomere length fixed at 2.1 microns. The application of alpha 1-adrenergic and muscarinic agonists, which increase the turnover of phosphatidylinositol, for 5 minutes before skinning the cells increased the sensitivity of the myofilaments to calcium, as indicated by a leftward shift of the tension-pCa relation, whereas beta-adrenergic stimulation induced a rightward shift. The increase in calcium sensitivity was also evoked by protein kinase C activators such as 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not by protein kinase C itself or by purinergic agonists, although the latter also increased the turnover of phosphatidylinositol. Incubation of the skinned cells with phosphatase reversed the alterations in calcium sensitivity induced by previous agonist stimulation of the intact cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a potentially influential mechanism for the physiological regulation of cardiac muscle contractility.