tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toolbox for Drug Abuse Treatment
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Silent Polymorphisms Speak: How They Affect Pharmacogenomics and the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Zuben E. Sauna, Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty, Suresh V. Ambudkar, Michael M. Gottesman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Polymorphisms in the human genome contribute to wide variations in how individuals respond to medications, either by changing the pharmacokinetics of drugs or by altering the cellular response to therapeutic agents. The goal of the emerging discipline of pharmacogenomics is to personalize therapy based on an individual's genotype. Due to the relatively large frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the human genome, synonymous SNPs are often disregarded in many pharmacogenomic studies based on the assumption that these are silent. We have shown recently that synonymous SNPs in ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein), which is implicated both in determining drug pharmacokinetics and multidrug resistance in human cancer cells, can affect protein conformation and function. We discuss the importance of polymorphisms in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in anticancer therapy and suggest that synonymous polymorphisms may play a more significant role than is currently assumed. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):9609–12]
Appropriate prescribing in asthma
Authors: J. Naish, C. Griffiths, P. Sturdy, P. Toon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

able, within its limited resources, to respond to the enormous changes in its constituents and their needs over the past five years."Our mission is, indeed, to use our influence to improve people's health while adapting our work to the major changes that are occurring in our region.We do not, however, believe that we can alter overnight health behaviour that has been shaped over generations.Changes in this can be achieved only through a long term vision, implemented through consistent action.This is the
Helicobacter pylori and gastritis in patients with peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia: ethnic differences in Singapore.
Authors: J Y Kang, A Wee, M V Math, R Guan, H H Tay, I Yap, I H Sutherland
Journal: Gut (1990)

Peptic ulcer occurs with different frequencies in the three main racial groups in Singapore. This study aimed firstly to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer and non-ulcer dyspepsia patients of the different races and secondly, to assess the relation between H pylori, histological gastritis, patient diagnosis, and race. Gastric antral biopsy specimens from 1502 patients undergoing gastroduodenoscopy were studied and 892 (59%) were positive for H pylori. H pylori was strongly associated with gastritis: 873 of 1197 (73%) patients with gastritis were positive compared with 19 of 305 (6%) without gastritis (p less than 0.0001). The prevalences of H pylori and gastritis were similar in peptic ulcer patients of different races. Malay patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia, however, were less likely to be positive for H pylori (10 of 46 (22%] or to have antral gastritis (17 of 46 (37%] than Chinese (292 of 605 (48%) were positive for H pylori and 421 of 605 (70%) had gastritis) and Indians (35 of 61 (57%) were H pylori positive and 42 of 61 (69%) had gastritis). Patients with duodenal ulcer were more likely to be positive for H pylori than those with non-ulcer dyspepsia, even when subjects with gastritis were considered separately. While our results do not help to explain the observed racial differences in peptic ulcer frequency it may be that the pathophysiology of non-ulcer dyspepsia is different in the different races in Singapore.
Coverage, Care, Cost, and Outcome
Authors: Jonathan F. Borus
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The study by Manning et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalreports findings from the Rand Corporation Health Insurance Experiment, a carefully designed study in which families enrolled at six sites across the country were randomly assigned different cost-sharing insurance plans to cover their health care during a two-year period. The study explored the effects of varying insurance coverages on ambulatory health and mental health care utilization and costs. The study found an inverse relationship between coinsurance level and both any and total use of outpatient mental health care. Subjects with a 95% out-of-pocket coinsurance payment per visit had less than half the probability of using any ambulatory mental health services than those covered for free (no coinsurance) care, and the former averaged less than 43% of the latter's total outpatient mental health expenditures. More surprising is that those subjects who had to pay 95% of their health care
Staphylococci in a Community Hospital
Authors: Wei-Ping Loh, Anthony Abiog
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

FEW studies of the staphylococcal-carrier rate of newborn babies have been carried out. Rountree and Barbour1 reported from Australia in 1950 that 90 per cent of newborn infants could become heavy nasal carriers within seven days of birth. Barber and her associates2 reported from England in 1953 that 90 per cent of the infant carriers harbored penicillin-resistant staphylococci. With additional studies Barber and Burston3 recently reported that 92 per cent of the 62 babies born in a maternity unit between January and March, 1955, left the hospital carrying Staphylococcus aureus in their anterior nares. The carrier rate of their mothers . . .
Diagnostic value of sacroiliac joint scintigraphy with 99m technetium pyrophosphate in sacroiliitis.
Authors: H Berghs, J Remans, L Drieskens, L Kiebooms, J Polderman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Using a quantitative method, scintigraphy of SI joints was performed by means of 99m technetium pyrophosphate in 21 patients with definite ankylosing spondylitis, in 17 control patients, and in 26 patients 'at risk', i.e. patients with complaints of back pain of the inflammatory type where on clinical grounds there was a possibility of sacroiliitis developing but with normal x-ray findings of the SI joints. Radioisotope uptake was higher in the ankylosing spondylitis group than in the other two groups, although the difference was not statistically significant with regard to the group 'at risk'. The high variance in the three groups considerably reduces the diagnostic value of the examination. In the ankylosing spondylitis group no correlation was found between radioisotope uptake and age, duration of disease, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or radiological stage of scaroiliitis. Since the specificity and sensitivity of scintiscanning are lower than that of clinical and radiological diagnosis of the disease, we conclude that scintigraphy is not very helpful in the early diagnosis of sacroiliitis, at least by the techniques used here.
EU supports testing for children's drugs
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

European health ministers are giving strong backing to moves to encourage pharmaceutical companies to research and develop medicines specifically for children. The initiative has the strong support of the British government, which has made securing an agreement on the necessary legislation one of the priorities of its six month presidency of the European Union, which begins on 1 July.

About a quarter of the EU's 450 million inhabitants are younger than 19, but more than half of all medicines used to treat children have not been specifically tested or authorised for …
A qualitative study of action plans for asthma
Authors: J. Douglass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the perspectives of patients with asthma on the use of an action plan and the implementation of this plan during an asthma attack that culminated in a visit to an emergency department. <b>Design:</b> Qualitative study. <b>Setting:</b> Tertiary teaching hospital, suburban hospital, and rural hospital. <b>Participants:</b> 62 patients aged 18 to 69 years who presented to an emergency department with asthma over a two month period. <b>Results:</b> 29 participants described having action plans given to them by their doctors. Most patients with action plans reinterpreted their plan from the perspective of their own experiences with asthma. 33 patients did not have an action plan, the most common reason being that they had not been given one by their doctor. Some occupational groups were significantly less likely to have been given an action plan by their doctor than others. Most patients with an action plan found them useful for management of their asthma. <b>Conclusions:</b> Action plans were viewed positively by patients. Participants modified their prescribed plan according to their experience of asthma. To facilitate the implementation of a prescribed action plan, doctors need to acknowledge and include the patient9s personal experience of their disease. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Action plans for the self management of asthma are standard and have been shown to improve patient outcomes and to protect against death from asthma when provided in written form Factors that enable patients with asthma to implement an action plan and their perspectives on the use of such plans have not been explored in an individual context <h3>What this study adds</h3> Most patients with action plans found them useful Most patients modified their plans according to their perceptions of severity and likely disease outcome Clinicians must engage with a patient9s experience of asthma to facilitate the use of an action plan
A STUDY OF THE FERMENTS AND FERMENT-INHIBITING SUBSTANCES IN TUBERCULOUS CASEOUS MATERIAL
Authors: James W. Jobling, William Petersen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

1. Caseous matter obtained from lymph glands which have not become secondarily infected contains substances which inhibit enzyme activity. These substances consist chiefly of soaps of the unsaturated fatty acids. 2. The inhibiting substances are present in relatively smaller amounts when the caseous matter has become secondarily infected. This is probably due to the dilution and washing out of the soaps. 3. Ferments are either entirely absent or present in very small amounts, unless the caseous matter has become secondarily infected. 4. Caseous material from the lungs contains smaller amounts of the inhibiting substances. This may be due to the acuteness of the process, which does not permit an accumulation of the soaps, or to the binding of the soaps with the ferments. 5. Ferments are present in caseous pneumonia. In the whole emulsion the ferments are less active in an alkaline than in an acid reaction; but removal of the soaps shows that those active in an alkaline reaction are also present in considerable amounts. 6. The previous treatment with iodin of caseous matter from both lymph glands and lungs increases the action of the trypsin.
Comparison of the two techniques for measurement of the density of <i>Demodex folliculorum</i> : standardized skin surface biopsy and direct microscopic examination
Authors: Ü. Aşkın, D. Seçkin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

In daily dermatological practice, many dermatologists do not include demodicosis in their differential diagnoses, or the diagnosis of demodicosis is frequently masked by other skin diseases such as papulopustular or erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, seborrhoeic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis and contact dermatitis. There are two methods for measurement of the density of Demodex folliculorum (Dd): standardized skin surface biopsy (SSSB) and direct microscopic examination of fresh secretions from sebaceous glands (DME). No study has been reported in the literature comparing the diagnostic value of these two techniques.To compare the value of the two techniques, SSSB and DME, for the measurement of Dd in patients with suspected demodicosis.Mite density was investigated using SSSB and DME in 37 patients with facial skin lesions suggesting demodicosis. Two samples, one for SSSB and one for DME, were obtained from a cheek lesion of each patient.Twenty-three (62%) patients were diagnosed with demodicosis according to their clinical manifestations combined with a high Dd (Dd > 5 mites cm(-2)) with SSSB and/or DME. In all the patients, the mean Dd measured with SSSB was higher than that with DME (22.9 +/- 5.9 and 2.2 +/- 0.8, respectively; P = 0.001). Also, among the 23 patients with demodicosis, the mean Dd measured using SSSB was higher than the mean Dd with DME (36.5 +/- 8.3 and 3.4 +/- 1.2, respectively; P = 0.0001).We recommend the use of SSSB for the measurement of Dd as more patients with demodicosis can be diagnosed with this method compared with the DME method.
Differentiation Therapy for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Pierre Fenaux, Laurent Degos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Until recently, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation were the only therapeutic options in acute leukemia. The idea of restoring normal differentiation in primitive leukemic cells seemed unrealistic until the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia was shown.In acute promyelocytic leukemia, which constitutes about 10 percent of the cases of acute myeloid leukemia, there is an accumulation of leukemic blasts carrying a t(15;17) translocation that fuses the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15 to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARα) on chromosome 17. This chimeric gene encodes the promyelocytic leukemia–retinoic . . .
Providing lifestyle behaviour change support for patients with psoriasis: an assessment of the existing training competencies across medical and nursing health professionals
Authors: C. Keyworth, P.A. Nelson, A. Chisholm, C.E.M. Griffiths, L. Cordingley, C. Bundy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Providing lifestyle behaviour change support for patients with psoriasis: an assessment of the existing training competencies across medical and nursing health professionals Get access C. Keyworth, C. Keyworth Dermatology Research Centre The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Correspondence Chris Keyworth. E‐mail: chris.keyworth@manchester.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.A. Nelson, P.A. Nelson Dermatology Research Centre The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Chisholm, A. Chisholm Dermatology Research Centre The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E.M. Griffiths Dermatology Research Centre The University of Manchester Manchester U.KSalford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Cordingley, L. Cordingley Dermatology Research Centre The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Manchester Centre for Health Psychology The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Bundy, C. Bundy Dermatology Research Centre The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Manchester Centre for Health Psychology The University of Manchester Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar on behalf of The Identification and Management of Psoriasis‐Associated Co‐morbidiTy (IMPACT) team on behalf of The Identification and Management of Psoriasis‐Associated Co‐morbidiTy (IMPACT) team Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 3, 1 September 2014, Pages 602–608, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13067 Published: 01 September 2014
Medical Education: A Surgical Perspective
Authors: Hugh E. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The editors of this interesting and comprehensive book, Drs Bartlett, Zelenock, Strodel, Harper, and Turcotte, have reviewed nearly all aspects of medical student and surgical residency training. The book's genesis is a conference on surgical education sponsored by the Section of General Surgery of the Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School. Of the more than 40 chapter authors, about two thirds are faculty members of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. While the book essentially presents a Michigan viewpoint, guest contributors do represent well-recognized leaders in the field of surgical education. Contributors from outside the Michigan experience have been well chosen for their broad viewpoints and extensive experience. Twelve contributors are nonsurgeons. Of interest is a refreshingly candid commentary at the end of each chapter by a medical student or surgical resident. This book is a classic in dealing with the vital topics of surgical education within
Abstract 1403: TRIM16 inhibits cell growth through direct interaction and modulation of TDP43 protein stability in cancer cells
Authors: Patrick Y. Kim, Owen Tan, Toby Trahair, Tao Liu, Glenn M. Marshall, Belamy B. Cheung
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The tripartite motif (TRIM) family of proteins are involved in a diverse range of cellular processes ranging from innate immunity, oncogenesis as well as tumor suppression. A majority of these reported functions occur through protein-protein interactions. Previously, we have found a strong correlation between loss of TRIM16 expression and disease progression in three human cancers: neuroblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Moreover, our studies have shown that TRIM16 acts as a tumor suppressor in these cancers through effects on cell cycle and migration. In order to better understand the mechanism of TRIM16 in cancer cell growth inhibition, we have identified a novel binding partner of TRIM16 and investigated the functional outcome of the protein-protein interaction. Using the yeast two-hybrid screening tool, we identified transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) as a novel TRIM16 binding protein. TDP43 has been described as a RNA/DNA binding protein with a putative role in HIV transcription and reports also suggest that this protein plays a role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Through co-immunoprecipitation studies, we have demonstrated that TDP43 directly binds to TRIM16 in human BE(2)-C neuroblastoma and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Enforced over-expression of TRIM16 increased the protein half-life of TDP43. We have also shown that TDP43 expression was required for TRIM16 induced inhibition of neuroblastoma and breast cancer cell growth. Moreover, we have shown that two cell cycle regulatory proteins, E2F1 and pRb, were regulated by TRIM16 and TDP43. Taken together, our studies suggest that the novel mechanism by which TRIM16 inhibits cancer cell growth is through the direct interaction and up-regulation of TDP43 protein expression and with consequent effects on E2F1 and phos-Rb. Citation Format: Patrick Y. Kim, Owen Tan, Toby Trahair, Tao Liu, Glenn M. Marshall, Belamy B. Cheung. TRIM16 inhibits cell growth through direct interaction and modulation of TDP43 protein stability in cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1403. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1403
Preclinical activity of P276-00, a novel small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the therapy of multiple myeloma
Authors: N Raje, T Hideshima, S Mukherjee, M Raab, S Vallet, S Chhetri, D Cirstea, S Pozzi, C Mitsiades, M Rooney, T Kiziltepe, K Podar, Y Okawa, H Ikeda, R Carrasco, P G Richardson, D Chauhan, N C Munshi, S Sharma, H Parikh, B Chabner, D Scadden, K C Anderson
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Ginkgolides protect against amyloid-β1–42-mediated synapse damage in vitro
Authors: Clive Bate, Mourad Tayebi, Alun Williams
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2008)

The early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are closely associated with the production of the Abeta1-42 peptide, loss of synapses and gradual cognitive decline. Since some epidemiological studies showed that EGb 761, an extract from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree, had a beneficial effect on mild forms of AD, the effects of some of the major components of the EGb 761 extract (ginkgolides A and B, myricetin and quercetin) on synapse damage in response to Abeta1-42 were examined.The addition of Abeta1-42 to cortical or hippocampal neurons reduced the amounts of cell associated synaptophysin, a pre-synaptic membrane protein that is essential for neurotransmission, indicating synapse damage. The effects of Abeta1-42 on synapses were apparent at concentrations approximately 100 fold less than that required to kill neurons; the synaptophysin content of neuronal cultures was reduced by 50% by 50 nM Abeta1-42. Pre-treatment of cortical or hippocampal neuronal cultures with ginkgolides A or B, but not with myrecitin or quercetin, protected against Abeta1-42-induced loss of synaptophysin. This protective effect was achieved with nanomolar concentrations of ginkgolides. Previous studies indicated that the ginkgolides are platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists and here we show that Abeta1-42-induced loss of synaptophysin from neuronal cultures was also reduced by pre-treatment with other PAF antagonists (Hexa-PAF and CV6209). PAF, but not lyso-PAF, mimicked the effects Abeta1-42 and caused a dose-dependent reduction in the synaptophysin content of neurons. This effect of PAF was greatly reduced by pre-treatment with ginkgolide B. In contrast, ginkgolide B did not affect the loss of synaptophysin in neurons incubated with prostaglandin E2.Pre-treatment with ginkgolides A or B protects neurons against Abeta1-42-induced synapse damage. These ginkgolides also reduced the effects of PAF, but not those of prostaglandin E2, on the synaptophysin content of neuronal cultures, results consistent with prior reports that ginkgolides act as PAF receptor antagonists. Such observations suggest that the ginkgolides are active components of Ginkgo biloba preparations and may protect against the synapse damage and the cognitive loss seen during the early stages of AD.
Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal Genetic Variants in CTNND2 for High Myopia in Singapore Chinese
Authors: Yi-Ju Li, Liang Goh, Chiea-Chuen Khor, Qiao Fan, Miao Yu, Siyu Han, Xueling Sim, Rick Twee-Hee Ong, Tien-Yin Wong, Eranga Nishanthie Vithana, Eric Yap, Hideo Nakanishi, Fumihiko Matsuda, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Nagahisa Yoshimura, Mark Seielstad, E.-Shyong Tai, Terri L. Young, Seang-Mei Saw
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)