tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating pleural ADA, ADA2, IFN-γ and IGRA for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy
Authors: Li-Ta Keng, Chin-Chung Shu, Jason Yao-Ping Chen, Sheng-Kai Liang, Ching-Kai Lin, Lih-Yu Chang, Chia-Hao Chang, Jann-Yuan Wang, Chong-Jen Yu, Li-Na Lee
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Corticosteroids for Fetal Maturation
Authors: Robert M. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference article on the effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes.<sup>1</sup>While I realize that it is not my charge as a practicing maternal-fetal medicine specialist to debate the NIH on the details of steroid administration in pregnancy, I do respectfully request clarification. Specifically, in the last bulleted paragraph in section 6 (What are the recommendations for the use of antenatal steroids?) on page 417 ("In complicated pregnancies where delivery prior to 34 weeks' gestation is likely, antenatal corticosteroid use is recommended..."), what exactly does the word "likely" mean? While nearly everyone would agree that a patient with painful contractions, a changing cervix, and intact membranes at 30 weeks is a candidate for glucocorticoid administration, what about a patient with painful contractions, intact membranes, and no cervical change at 30 weeks? Such patients are
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibition Mimics FcεRI-Induced Anergy and Reveals the Immunomodulatory Role of Hydrogen Peroxide as a Signaling Molecule in Human Basophils
Authors: C. Woo, S. Yoo, W. Chan, H. Sampson, W.G. Shreffler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
The prevention of restenosis in vivo with a VEGF gene and paclitaxel co-eluting stent
Authors: Jing Yang, Yong Zeng, Chao Zhang, Yong-Xia Chen, Ziying Yang, Yongjun Li, Xigang Leng, Deling Kong, Xiao-Qing Wei, Hong-Fan Sun, Cun-Xian Song
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)

Long-term clinical studies of drug-eluting stents (DES) have reported high incidence of late thrombosis. Given the growing concern over the clinical application of this technology, we have developed a stent coated with bi-layered PLGA nanoparticles (BL-PLGA NPs) containing VEGF plasmid in the outer layer and paclitaxel (PTX) in the inner core (VEGF/PTX NPs). We hypothesized that early release of VEGF gene would promote re-endothelialization, while slow release of PTX would suppress smooth muscle cell proliferation. Using Fc plasmid as a reporter gene, we observed that Fc/PTX NPs successfully expressed Fc protein, but did not show cytotoxicity or anti-proliferative effect during the first 7 days in cell culture. In contrast, PTX NPs showed strong anti-proliferative effect staring from day 1 in culture, suggesting sequential release of gene and PTX from the BL-PLGA NPs. In vivo effects of the treated stent were assessed in mini-swines. Implantation of GFP/PTX NP-coated stents revealed efficient local GFP gene transfection at day 7. VEGF/PTX NP-coated stents showed complete re-endothelialization and significantly suppressed in-stent restenosis after 1 month compared to commercial DES. In conclusion, the VEGF/PTX NP-coated stents promote early endothelium healing while inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation through sequential release of the VEGF gene and paclitaxel.
Target cell of leukemic transformation in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tadashi Koike, Masaru Urushiyama, Miwako Narita, Hiroshi Saitoh, Fumihiro Ishida, Shinsaku Imashuku, Yoshihito Morioka, Jiroh Utsumi, Toshie Ishizuka, Toshihisa Tsuruta, Yutaka Takeuchi, Makoto Kashimura, Akira Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMkL) is a newly defined acute leukemia in which the differentiation of proliferating blasts is arrested at the megakaryocytic precursor stage. In order to clarify whether a target cell of leukemic transformation in AMkL is a cell committed to megakaryocytic lineage, or a multipotential stem cell, we examined AMkL patients with regard to: a) the presence of myelodyplastic features in residual erythroid and granulocytic cells, b) coexistence of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive blasts with megakaryoblasts, and c) the presence of the same chromosomal abnormality in erythroid and granuloid colony-forming cells as seen in megakaryoblasts. Regarding the former two items, results were compared with those from megakaryoblastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML-MkBC) and transient myeloproliferative disorder in Down syndrome (DS-TMD), which are thought to be multipotential stem cell disorders. Among 18 patients with AMkL, three, all complicating myelofibrosis, had marked myelodysplastic changes of erythroid series and/or granulocytic series. In 4 out of 7 patients with CML-MkBC, 5 out of 8 patients with DS-TMD, and 7 out of 18 patients with AMkL, MPO-positive blasts, even though rare, were observed in addition to PPO-positive blasts. All except one of these patients with AMkL also showed complicating myelofibrosis. In one case of AMkL with myelofibrosis, chromosomal analysis of cultured cells of individual colonies revealed that all the analysable metaphases from both CFU-GM and BFU-E had the same chromosomal abnormality as megakaryoblasts. This study has clarified that a considerable proportion of AMkL cases, particularly those with complicating myelofibrosis or showing acute myelofibrosis, arise against the background of a multipotential stem cell disorder, even if blasts are exclusively megakaryocytic in phenotype.
Role of PlGF in the intra- and intermolecular cross talk between the VEGF receptors Flt1 and Flk1
Authors: Monica Autiero, Johannes Waltenberger, Didier Communi, Andrea Kranz, Lieve Moons, Diether Lambrechts, Jens Kroll, Stephane Plaisance, Maria De Mol, Françoise Bono, Stefanie Kliche, Guido Fellbrich, Kurt Ballmer-Hofer, Domenico Maglione, Ulrike Mayr-Beyrle, Mieke Dewerchin, Saskia Dombrowski, Danica Stanimirovic, Paul Van Hummelen, Christoph Dehio, Daniel J Hicklin, Graziella Persico, Jean-Marc Herbert, David Communi, Masabumi Shibuya, Désiré Collen, Edward M Conway, Peter Carmeliet
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
The memory class
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Sunday night, and the exams were still two weeks away. It was Songs of Praise on the television or a Dickens period drama in 50 nail grating episodes. Bored, we played cards. We had no money; playing for matchsticks being pointless, the only option was playing for forfeits. So pouring cooking oil, salt, and curry powder into our five chipped mugs we salivated and sweated in fear of failure. We, the academic elite, all had great minds of memory; indeed one of my flatmates could visualise any word and read …
The t(8;17)(p11;q23) in the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome fuses MYO18A to FGFR1
Authors: C Walz, A Chase, C Schoch, A Weisser, F Schlegel, A Hochhaus, R Fuchs, A Schmitt-Gräff, R Hehlmann, N C P Cross, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
ABC of ophthalmology. Management of defects of vision in early childhood.
Authors: P A Gardiner
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Developing the brainAt birth both the retina and the occipital cortex are incomplete.Development of these elements depends on use, so correct vision is important in childhood.If the eye receives no stimulus vision will be impaired and the actual apparatus for seeing will not become fully developed.Vision therefore has to be learnt by degrees at the proper time, one vital period being infancy.Thus a child with congenital cataracts must have surgery early to avoid a permanent and irreversible visual defect, which would occur if surgery were delayed much beyond the first year. JvwJ l_ tt 4Babies are interested in their fingers or blanket threads or crumbs from a A a very young age but do not become interested in more distant events ..Wuntil they leave their cots and become mobile.Visual experience therefore seems to be acquired first from near objects and later from distant ones.
Helping people bereaved by suicide
Authors: K. Hawton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Tricarboxylates such as citrate are the preferred carbon sources for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic human infections. However, the membrane transport process for the TCA cycle intermediates citrate and <i>cis</i>-aconitate is poorly characterized. Transport is thought to be controlled by the TctDE two-component system, which mediates transcription of the putative major transporter OpdH. Loss of <i>tctDE</i> has been associated with sensitization to aminoglycosides, possibly linking tricarboxylate transport to enhanced antimicrobial resistance. In this work, we search for previously unidentified transporters of citrate and <i>cis</i>-aconitate using both protein homology and RNA sequencing approaches. We uncover new transporters and show that OpdH is not the major citrate porin; instead, citrate transport primarily relies on the tripartite TctCBA system, which is encoded in the <i>opdH</i> operon. Deletion of <i>tctA</i> causes a growth lag on citrate and loss of growth on <i>cis</i>-aconitate. Combinatorial deletion of newly discovered transporters can fully block citrate utilization. We then characterize transcriptional control of the <i>opdH</i> operon in <i>tctDE</i> mutants and show that loss of <i>tctD</i> blocks citrate utilization due to its inability to express <i>opdH-tctCBA</i>. However, <i>tctE</i> and <i>tctDE</i> mutants evolve heritable adaptations that restore growth on citrate as the sole carbon source. <h3>Author Summary</h3> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a bacterium that infects hospitalized patients and is often highly resistant to antibiotic treatment. It preferentially uses small organic acids called tricarboxylates rather than sugars as a source of carbon for growth. The transport of many of these molecules from outside the cell to the interior occurs through unknown channels. In some cases, there may be links between antibiotic uptake and the transport of metabolic molecules, making cross-membrane transport medically important. In this work we examined how the tricarboxylates citrate and <i>cis</i>-aconitate are transported in <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. We then sought to understand how production of proteins that permit citrate and <i>cis</i>-aconitate transport is regulated by a signaling system called TctDE. We identified new transporters for these molecules, clarified the function of a known transport system, and directly tied transporter expression to the presence of an intact TctDE system.
Diminished vascular response to inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide and enhanced vasoconstriction to exogenously administered endothelin-1 in clinically healthy smokers.
Authors: W Kiowski, L Linder, K Stoschitzky, M Pfisterer, D Burckhardt, F Burkart, F R Bühler
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Smoking is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Because endothelial dysfunction may be a marker for future atherosclerosis, we investigated the effects of smoking on endothelium-dependent control of vascular tone.The effects of brachial arterial infusions of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor; sodium nitroprusside; endothelin-1; and norepinephrine on forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) were compared in 29 long-term smokers and 16 nonsmokers. The acute effects of smoking on systemic hemodynamics, plasma catecholamines, and forearm vascular responses to these compounds were investigated in smokers only. Smokers did not differ from nonsmokers (n = 16) regarding the vascular effects of sodium nitroprusside (n = 13) or vasoconstriction due to norepinephrine and endothelin-1 (n = 16). Low-dose endothelin-1-induced vasodilation, believed to reflect endothelial prostacyclin or nitric oxide release, was absent in smokers (n = 16), and their increase of forearm vascular resistance (FVR) after L-NMMA (n = 13) was impaired (35.6 +/- 27.9% versus 118.8 +/- 43.2%, P < .001). Short-term smoking (n = 11) increased blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma epinephrine concentrations (P < .05 or less); enhanced endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction (delta FVR, 457 +/- 192% versus 254 +/- 143%, P < .01); and decreased norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction (P < .05), but had no effect on the other interventions.Long-term smoking is associated with a diminished nitric oxide-dependent component of basal vascular tone and an impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to low-dose endothelin-1 and short-term smoking enhances endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction. Impaired endothelial control of vascular tone might reflect impairment of normal antiatherosclerotic endothelial functions in smokers, but the relevance of smoking-induced enhancement of endothelin-1 vasoconstriction remains to be determined.
Teaching Psychiatry in the Context of Dying and Death
Authors: DAVID BARTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Instruction in dying and death can be profitably included in the psychiatry curriculum. Through the use of this subject as a teaching focus, improved methods of psychosocial care are fostered and psychiatric principles and phenomena involving the patient and his interpersonal and sociocultural environment emerge in sharp relief. Also, students learn that the problems of dying and death are part of the problems of living.
RESULTS OF MILITARY SERVICE AS EXEMPLIFIED BY CASES FOUND IN THE NATIONAL MILITARY HOMES.Read at the First Meeting of the Wisconsin Society of National Guard Surgeons, at the Milwaukee Military Home.
Authors: WALTER H. LEIGHTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<i>Gentlemen</i>:—It would not be consistent, either with a proper respect for you or a fair consideration of the subject involved, to give you this paper without an apology, felt more by me than it can possibly be by you, for now, in the presence of my peers, I am weak indeed. Words fail to express the gratitude for the honor conferred by your attendance here—yet, in the presence of one of the most eminent surgeons in the world, judge of my embarrassment in attempting anything; but, as I have always been used to obey, I will try to do the very best I can, and hope that I shall be able to do that which will make you feel repaid for the trouble you have taken to be with us to-day. If I succeed I will thank you, and the account will be fully settled. How little do we know
Sporotrichosis in New Hampshire
Authors: Donald P. Cole, Walter C. Lobitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

SPOROTRICHOSIS, a disease of mycotic etiology, is caused by Sporotrichum schenckii. The disease is common in plants and is more common in animals than in man.1 In human beings sporotrichosis has been described in a localized lymphangitic form, a disseminated cutaneous form and an extracutaneous form. In its localized lymphatic form, it is characterized by the formation of indolent cutaneous and subcutaneous granulomatous lesions.The disease was first recognized in 1898 by Schenck, and in the past fifty years has been encountered in increasing frequency. Two hundred and six proved cases of sporotrichosis had been reported in the United States . . .
Hepatitis B Virus Transmission Associated with a Multiple-Dose Vial in a Hemodialysis Unit
Authors: MIRIAM J. ALTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Ten of sixty-one patients in a maintenance hemodialysis center seroconverted to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive in August 1981. All but one were negative for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, indicating early infection, and all received dialysis on the same days. Findings of case-control study showed that all "cases" received dialysis after the early morning shift, compared to 50% of controls (p = 0.01), and all cases used a multiple-dose vial of local anesthetic (bupivacaine), compared to 58% of controls (p = 0.03). At a common area used to prepare medications, an HBsAg carrier apparently stuck herself with a needle before drawing up bupivacaine, thus contaminating the vial that then served as the vehicle of transmission. Ten of eleven susceptible patients (those negative for antibody to HBsAg) who subsequently used bupivacaine and received dialysis seroconverted to HBsAg-positive, giving an attack rate of 91%. Serum samples from six of the ten cases were subtype Ad (or Adw), as was the implicated carrier's serum.
MicroRNAs miR-199a-5p and -3p Target the Brm Subunit of SWI/SNF to Generate a Double-Negative Feedback Loop in a Variety of Human Cancers
Authors: Kouhei Sakurai, Chihiro Furukawa, Takeshi Haraguchi, Ken-ichi Inada, Kazuya Shiogama, Takanobu Tagawa, Shuji Fujita, Yoshihito Ueno, Aya Ogata, Mai Ito, Yutaka Tsutsumi, Hideo Iba
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF is an important epigenetic regulator that includes one Brm or BRG1 molecule as catalytic subunit. Brm and BRG1 do not function identically, so this complex can regulate gene expression either positively or negatively, depending on the promoter to which it is recruited. Notably, Brm attenuation due to posttranscription suppression occurs often in human tumor cells, in which this event contributes to their oncogenic potential. Here, we report that the 3'-untranslated region of Brm mRNA has two sites that are efficiently targeted by the microRNAs miR-199a-5p and -3p, revealing a novel mechanism for modulation of Brm-type SWI/SNF activity. Computational mapping of the putative promoter region of miR-199a-2 (miPPR-199a-2) has defined it as the major contributing genetic locus for miR-199a-5p and-3p production in these tumor cell lines. We validated this predicted region by direct promoter analysis to confirm that Egr1 is a strong positive regulator of the miR-199a-2 gene. Importantly, we also showed that Egr1, miR-199a-5p, and miR-199a-3p are expressed at high levels in Brm-deficient tumor cell lines but only marginally in Brm-expressing tumor cells. Finally, we also obtained evidence that Brm negatively regulates Egr1. Together, our results reveal that miR-199a and Brm form a double-negative feedback loop through Egr1, leading to the generation of these two distinct cell types during carcinogenesis. This mechanism may offer a partial explanation for why miR-199a-5p and -3p have been reported to be either upregulated or downregulated in a variety of tumors.
Do Health and Forensic DNA Databases Increase Racial Disparities?
Authors: Peter A. Chow-White, Troy Duster
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

The issue of the digital divide is a growing concern in health and forensic DNA databases, reflecting structural disparities in biomedical research and policing. 
Over the last decade, the majority of DNA samples in population studies are from individuals of European origin. Individuals from Asian, African, Latino, and aboriginal groups are underrepresented. 
Forensic DNA databases are growing to mirror racial disparities in arrest practices and incarceration rates. Individuals from African American and Latin1o groups are overrepresented in forensic from health DNA databases. 
Currently, there is little recognition in national and international public policy circles about the “digital divide” in health and law enforcement databases. 
To avoid reproducing structural patterns of racial inequality, regulators, policy makers, scientists, and law enforcement officials need to address these disparities by supporting policies and mechanisms designed to better protect individuals and groups through institutional practices, law, and securely encrypted digital codes.
Abnormally Increased Uptake in the Palm and the Thumb as the Result of a Bone Imaging Agent Injection Into the Radial Artery
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, BECKY WIENRZBINSKI, U. YUN RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

The "glove" phenomenon is caused by arterial injection of a bone-imaging agent into the antecubital fossa. The authors describe a patient who incidentally received an arterial injection of bone-imaging agent into the right distal radial artery near the wrist, which resulted in a "hot" palm and thumb. The phenomenon of hot palm and thumb can be explained by normal anatomic–physiologic blood flow after radial artery injection. The radial artery contributes the blood supply to the thumb through the dorsal metacarpal arteries of the first metacarpals, and the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery, a branch of the interosseous artery, and dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery form the dorsal carpal rete. The normal vascular anatomic–physiologic dynamic constituted the mixture and dilution effects after the distal radial artery injection that resulted in hot areas limited to the palm and thumb of the hand on bone scintigraphy.
Homozygosity at chromosome 8qter in individuals affected by mal de Meleda (Meleda disease) originating from the island of Meleda
Authors: H. Patel, M. Nardelli, T. Fenn, R. Houlston, A. Coonar, M.A. Patton, A.H. Crosby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Homozygosity at chromosome 8qter in individuals affected by mal de Meleda (Meleda disease) originating from the island of Meleda Get access H. Patel, H. Patel St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Nardelli, M. Nardelli St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Fenn, T. Fenn St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Houlston, R. Houlston St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Coonar, A. Coonar St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.A. Patton, M.A. Patton St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.H. Crosby A.H. Crosby St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, U.K. *Mljet Health Centre, Babino Polje, Island of Mljet, Croatia †Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, U.K. A.H.Crosby. E‐mail: acrosby@sghms.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 4, 1 April 2001, Pages 731–734, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04127.x Published: 01 April 2001