tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence based medicine has come a long way
Authors: Gordon Guyatt, Deborah Cook, Brian Haynes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The second decade will be as exciting as the first 

Evidence based medicine seeks to empower clinicians so that they can develop independent views regarding medical claims and controversies. Although many helped to lay the foundations of evidence based medicine,1 Archie Cochrane's insistence that clinical disciplines summarise evidence concerning their practices, Alvan Feinstein's role in defining the principles of quantitative clinical reasoning, and David Sackett's innovation in teaching critical appraisal all proved seminal. The term evidence based medicine,2 and the first comprehensive description of its tenets, appeared little more than a decade ago. In its original formulation, this discipline reduced the emphasis on unsystematic clinical experience and pathophysiological rationale, and promoted the examination of evidence from clinical research. Evidence based medicine therefore required new skills including efficient literature searching and the application of formal rules of evidence in evaluating the clinical literature.

Important developments in evidence based medicine over the subsequent decade included the increasing popularity of structured abstracts3 and secondary journals summarising …
FIVE-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENTS VERSUS CORONARY-ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Duk Woo Park, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Junhyok Oh, Jung-Min Ahn, Haegeun Song, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
ATRESIA OF THE NIPPLES
Authors: O. B. Sheets
Journal: JAMA (1923)

I have been unable to find any reference in literature to congenital occlusion of the lacteal openings, and therefore report a case in a primipara, aged 33, whose breasts and nipples showed no apparent abnormality. Mrs. T. W. gave birth to a strong, vigorous boy of 8 pounds (3.6 kg.). The puerperium, as the labor, was uneventful except at the beginning of the third day, when she began to complain of her breasts. Examination disclosed them to be tender to touch, and moderately engorged. The pulse and temperature were normal. At this time the baby became fussy, and at feeding intervals would nurse ravenously with no apparent satisfaction. On the fourth day the mother complained bitterly at these nursing periods, and a second examination revealed the breasts to be very large, tense and painful. There was no local heat or infiltration. The temperature remained normal; the pulse became slightly accelerated.
Successful treatment of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita using intravenous immunoglobulins
Authors: C. MOHR, C. SUNDERKÖTTER, A. HILDEBRAND, K. BIEL, A. RÜTTER, G.H. RÜTTER, T.A. LUGER, G. KOLDE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

We report a 55-year-old man with severe inflammatory epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. The skin lesions did not respond to various immunosuppressive treatments. The combined administration of prednisone, azathioprine, dapsone and colchicine resulted only in a transient and incomplete resolution of the lesions. The bullae and increased skin fragility were successfully controlled by the addition of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
Cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk in elderly patients
Authors: T. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —We are concerned that busy practitioners reading the cholesterol analysis by Dr Krumholz and colleagues 1 and the accompanying Editorial 2 may be left with the impression that lipoprotein lipids are not risk factors for older people. A comprehensive review of the literature does not support this conclusion, particularly when heterogeneity of the older population is considered.  Level of cholesterol in older persons reflects health status as well as diet and genetic factors, such that lower cholesterol in old age is paradoxically associated with poorer health status. Therefore, studies of healthier older persons have tended to support the cholesterol hypothesis, while studies of frailer or more mixed populations have not. When change in cholesterol was considered directly, those with the greatest declines in cholesterol had increased risk of both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. 3 These findings may account for the lack of association or the inverse association
Protein kinase C activity and the relations between blood lead and neurobehavioral function in lead workers.
Authors: Kyu-Yoon Hwang, Byung-Kook Lee, Joseph P Bressler, Karen I Bolla, Walter F Stewart, Brian S Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

At picomolar concentrations, lead activates protein kinase C (PKC). This activation has been implicated in the neurotoxicity of lead. No prior study has evaluated the association of PKC activity with neurobehavioral function in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PKC activity is associated with neurobehavioral function or modifies the relationship between blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test scores. In this cross-sectional study of 212 current lead workers in the Republic of Korea, we assessed blood lead levels, neurobehavioral test scores, and PKC activity. PKC activity was determined by measuring the levels of phosphorylation of three erythrocyte membrane proteins (spectrin and the 52-kDa and 48-kDa subunits of band 4.9), using an in vitro back-phosphorylation assay. When linear regression was used to control for confounding variables, blood lead was a significant predictor of decrements in performance on tests of psychomotor function, manual dexterity, and executive ability. In linear regression models, back-phosphorylation levels were not associated with neurobehavioral test scores, but when dichotomized at the median, back-phosphorylation levels modified the relationship between blood lead and test scores. For spectrin and the 52-kDa and 48-kDa subunits of band 4.9, 5, 2, and 5 of 14 interaction terms, respectively, had associated p-values less than 0.10, all with positive signs, indicating that blood lead was associated with worse test scores only in subjects with lower back-phosphorylation levels. These data indicate that blood lead levels are associated with decrements in neurobehavioral test scores, mainly in the domains of manual dexterity and psychomotor function, but only in subjects with lower in vitro back-phosphorylation levels, which is equivalent to higher in vivo PKC activity. We hypothesize that subjects with higher PKC activity in the presence of lead may be more susceptible to the health effects of lead.
Book Review Nutrition, Genetics, and Obesity (Pennington Center Nutrition Series. Vol. 9.) Edited by George A. Bray and Donna H. Ryan. 568 pp. Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1999. $95. 0-8071-2407-9
Authors: Steven Heymsfield, David B. Allison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)
CELL POPULATION KINETICS IN THE COLON OF THE MOUSE*
Authors: Martin Lipkin, Henry Quastler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

tween 0.5 and 40 hours and 10 were killed 1 week after inj ection.Specimens of ascending and sigmoid colon were removed, fixed in neutral formol-saline, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 5 ,u.Slides were dipped into NTB (Kodak) liquid emulsion, exposed for 2 to 4 weeks,
Effect of Betamethasone on the Dual Reaction to Anti‐Human IgE in Man: Influence of Time Interval between Administration of Drug and Anti‐IgE
Authors: R. Gröunneberg, K. Strandberg
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The influence of the time interval between administration of a glucocorticoid, betamethasone, and anti‐IgE on the effect of the drug on the early and late phase response (LPR) to anti‐IgE was examined in 38 volunteers in a randomized controlled study. The immediate flare and wheal responses to intradermally (i.d.) injected anti‐IgE were inhibited by approximately 20 and 30% respectively by a 10 day i.d. pretreatment period with repeated 50 μg doses (total 300 μg) of betamethasone ( P &lt; 0.01), whereas responses to histamine were not influenced. A single i.d. injection of 50 μg betamethasone 24 h prior to anti‐IgE challenge attenuated the wheal response ( P &lt; 0.05), whereas injection of the drug 2 h prior to and together with anti‐IgE had no influence on the early response. Corresponding LPRs were reduced approximately 30% throughout the observation period of 1–24 h ( P &lt; 0.01). Injecting the drug i.d. 30 min following anti‐IgE challenge had no significant influence on the total observation period (1–24 h) of the LPR but antagonized the LPR by 35% at 6–24 h ( P &lt; 0.01). It is concluded that glucocorticoids inhibit IgE‐dependent LPRs. When extending the topical pretreatment period with the compounds also the early part of the allergic reaction is attenuated.
Predictive Factors for Positive Non-Sentinel Nodes Following a Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy: NSABP B-32.
Authors: T. Julian, S. Anderson, N. Golesorkhi, V. Fourchotte, P. Zheng, E. Mamounas, A. Brown, E. Boudros, H. Bear, J. Costantino, N. Wolmark
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Following a positive sentinel node biopsy (SNB), current guidelines recommend an axillary dissection (AD) regardless of SN metastatic tumor size. In the majority of clinically node negative patients the risk for positive non-sentinel axillary nodes (NSN) is low. Predictive factors for positive NSNs following a positive SNB are analyzed in NSABP B-32 with inclusion of SN metastatic tumor size.Materials and Methods: After stratification, women with operable invasive breast cancer and clinically negative nodes were randomized to Sentinel Node Resection (SNR) with immediate conventional Axillary Dissection (AD) [Group 1] or to SNR without AD [Group 2]. Group 2 patients with positive SNs underwent AD. A multivariate analysis of SN positive patients from both groups for whom both a SNR and an AD had been performed was used to assess the need for AD following SNB. Nodes were classified as either SNs or NSNs, defined as all axillary dissection nodes plus any intramammary or other nodes that were not resected as SNs.Results: Between May 1999 and February 2004, 5,611 patients were entered into NSABP Protocol B-32. There were a total of 1,361 SN positive patients with AD from both groups. Data from 1,166 patients were available for multivariate analysis which included SN metastatic tumor size in 735 patients: 424 patients with macrometastaes (&amp;gt;2 mm) and 311 with micrometastases (&amp;lt;2 mm). In 626 patients SN metastatic size was unknown.In patients with positive SNB, results from the final multivariate model based on 653 patients with known covariate values indicated clinical tumor size was a significant predictor for positive NSN (p=0.044, OR: 1.17). Lymphovascular invasion was a significant predictor for positive NSN (p=0.0004, OR: 1.85). SN metastatic tumor size (Macro vs Micro) was a highly significant predictor for positive NSN (p&amp;lt;0.0001, OR: 3.42). Age at study entry, treatment type, proposed type of surgery, HER-2 status, and location of tumor were not significant multivariate predictors for positive NSN. Predictive modeling for positive NSN probability will be presented.Conclusion: Completion AD following a positive SNB, although helpful in prognosis and treatment planning, may not be required in patients with small tumors, absence of lymphovascular invasion, and micrometastases. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 301.
Doctors call for Libyan assets to be released to fund aid for refugees
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A group of Libyan doctors based in the United Kingdom has called on the prime minister, David Cameron, to release assets belonging to Libya to provide vital humanitarian aid to thousands of refugees who lack even the most basic supplies.

More than 100 doctors from Libya met in Manchester on 24 April at a meeting organised by Libyan Doctors Relief under the umbrella of the charity Wafa Relief.

They agreed at the meeting to send a letter to …
NICE guidance clarifies when to do preoperative tests in elective surgery
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence has issued guidance on when to use routine preoperative tests in elective surgery, according to the type of surgery planned, patient's age, and comorbidity.

The guidance is designed to ensure that preoperative tests are carried out systematically in all hospitals in England and Wales on the basis of risk …
Lamivudine maintenance beyond one year after HBeAg seroconversion is a major factor for sustained virologic response in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Hyun Woong Lee, Heon Ju Lee, Jae Seok Hwang, Joo Hyun Sohn, Jae Young Jang, Ki Jun Han, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Yong Han Paik, Chun Kyon Lee, Kwan Sik Lee, Chae Yoon Chon, Kwang-Hyub Han
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The reported durability of virologic response after successful lamivudine monotherapy is variable, and the question remains as to whether virologic responses can be maintained over an extended follow-up period. The aim of this study was to investigate posttreatment durability, the optimal duration of additional treatment after HBeAg clearance or seroconversion, and determinants for sustained virologic response (SVR) following lamivudine monotherapy in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB). From January 1999 to August 2004, 178 Korean patients with HBeAg-positive CHB were treated with lamivudine and achieved complete responses, defined as a loss of serum HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA, and alanine aminotransferase normalization. The mean duration of lamivudine monotherapy was 26 months (range, 12-77). SVR was maintained in 138 patients (77.5%). Host and viral factors were compared between 138 patients with SVR and 40 patients whose response was not sustained. The cumulative relapse rates increased from 15.9% at 1 year to 30.2% at 5 years, with a mean time to relapse after cessation of lamivudine of 12 months (range, 7-42). Most relapses occurred within 2 years after discontinuation of lamivudine (33/40, 82.5%). On multivariate analysis, age ≤40 years and additional treatment for more than 12 months after HBeAg clearance or seroconversion were independent factors for SVR. Conclusion: The lamivudine-induced virologic response was durable in patients under 40 years old and those receiving lamivudine for more than 12 months after HBeAg clearance or seroconversion. Age and additional treatment were major predictive factors for SVR. (Hepatology 2010.)
Metabolic syndrome burden in apparently healthy adolescents is adversely associated with cardiac autonomic modulation—Penn State Children Cohort
Authors: Sol M. Rodríguez-Colón, Fan He, Edward O. Bixler, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza, Alexandros N. Vgontzas, Susan Calhoun, Zhi-Jie Zheng, Duanping Liao
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Cecal Volvulus with Herniation through Foramen of Winslow
Authors: William Morioka
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Herniation of the intestine through the foramen of Winslow is a rare form of internal hernia representing 8% of internal hernias according to Hansman and Morton.<sup>1</sup>A collected review by Erskine<sup>2</sup>records 27 cases of cecal herniation through the foramen of Winslow. The mortality was 48%. In the case presented, herniation of the cecum through the foramen of Winslow was associated with volvulus of the cecum. Both conditions have high mortalities, attributed to delay in definitive treatment.<sup>3</sup>This case is unique because of the simultaneous occurrence of two lethal abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Mortality can be significantly reduced in these cases if the lesion is recognized early and operative intervention undertaken promptly. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A white woman aged 67 years was admitted to the St. Louis City Hospital on Oct 25, 1968, complaining of cramping pain in the epigastric region and
66 POTENT ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF THE HCV NUCLEOSIDE POLYMERASE INHIBITOR R7128 WITH PEG-IFN AND RIBAVIRIN: INTERIM RESULTS OF R7128 500MG BID FOR 28 DAYS
Authors: J. Lalezari, E. Gane, M. Rodriguez-Torres, E. De Jesus, D. Nelson, G. Everson, I. Jacobson, R. Reddy, G.Z. Hill, A. Beard, W.T. Symonds, M.M. Berrey, J.G. McHutchison
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Genetic variation underlying common hereditary hyperbilirubinaemia (Gilbert’s syndrome) and respiratory health in the 1946 British birth cohort
Authors: Laura J. Horsfall, Rebecca Hardy, Andrew Wong, Diana Kuh, Dallas M. Swallow
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Bilirubin has potent antioxidant properties in vitro and raised serum levels have been associated with lower rates of respiratory disease. The enzyme uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase polypeptide 1A1 (UGT1A1) is solely responsible for clearing bilirubin from the blood and homozygosity for seven thymine-adenine (TA) repeats in the TATA box regulatory element of the UGT1A1 gene underlies a mild hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (Gilbert's syndrome). Our aim was to investigate whether this genetic variation is associated with differences in respiratory health.The relationship between the promoter genotype underlying Gilbert's syndrome (UGT1A1 rs8175347 [TA]7/7) and respiratory outcomes assessed at ages 43, 53, and 60-64 were examined in 2190 members of the 1946 British birth cohort.The (TA)7/7 genotype, present in 9% of the cohort, was associated with higher forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). The relationship was strongest for heavy smokers (⩾20 cigarettes per day) at age 53 with mean FEV1 409 ml higher (191 to 627; p<0.001) and mean FVC 530 ml higher (95% CI 262-798; p<0.001) for UGT1A1 (TA)7/7 Gilbert's syndrome participants than for all others, indicating a protection from the pulmonary consequences of heavy smoking. The odds of respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, self-reported asthma, or prescription of respiratory drugs) were half in those with Gilbert's syndrome genotype (odds ratio 0.49 [95% CI 0.39-0.74]; p<0.001) compared to those without this genotype.Genetically raised unconjugated serum bilirubin is associated with higher adult respiratory function and protection from respiratory disease.
Cold Laser, Arterial Stent Studies Continue
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

RESTORING systemic and coronary circulation by various means are the major challenges facing physicians and other medical scientists who fight arterial disease. At the recent 63rd Scientific Sessions of the American Heart Association (AHA), held in Dallas, Tex, researchers presented the newest data on two types of intervention that have looked promising for several years—the so-called cold laser and arterial stents. Information on the excimer laser was updated by several scientists from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif. Cardiac surgeon Warren S. Grundfest, MD, used angioscopy, a technique that employs fiberoptics (flexible glass strands of optical fibers), rather than conventional roentgenographic angiography, to look into femoral arteries that had been reopened with an excimer laser (<i>JAMA</i>. 1987;257:288). He and his colleagues confirmed that the cold laser, which uses instantaneous bursts of UV light to carve away atherosclerotic plaque, does minimal damage and leaves the arterial wall extremely smooth. "Angiography is
Conversion from cyclosporin to azathioprine after kidney transplantation
Authors: Florian Kronenberg, Alfred Königsrainer, Karl Lhotta, Raimund Margreiter, Hans Dieplinger, Paul König, Gerhard Opelz, AdrianusA.M.J. Hollander, JanL.C.M. van Saase, FokkoJ. van der Woude
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN A PATIEXT WITH PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS.
Authors: N. R. ROWELL, H. THOMPSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS IN A PATIEXT WITH PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS. Get access N. R. ROWELL, N. R. ROWELL The Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. THOMPSON H. THOMPSON The Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 7, 1 July 1961, Pages 278–282, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14445.x Published: 01 July 1961
Respiratory Viruses in Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Juhani Eskola, Tapani Hovi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Acute otitis media is a common disease whose cause is complex. Recent estimates suggest that more than 12 million episodes of acute otitis media are treated annually in the United States. Three bacteria — Streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypable Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis — are usually listed as the most common etiologic agents. Although it has long been known that various respiratory viruses can be detected in the middle-ear fluid during acute episodes, their exact pathogenetic role and their relative importance as causative agents are still largely unknown. From a clinical vantage point it would be valuable to know which viruses . . .
Impact of Academic Year Timing on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Outcomes at Training Institutions
Authors: Beau M. Hawkins, Lisa A. McCoy, Megan L. Neely, Srinath Adusumalli, John C. Messenger, Douglas E. Drachman, Theodore A. Bass, Patrick T. O'Gara, Sunil V. Rao, Robert W. Yeh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Novel COL7A1 mutations in a Japanese family with transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn associated with pseudosyndactyly
Authors: H. Nakano, Y. Toyomaki, S. Ohashi, A. Nakano, H. Jin, T. Munakata, N. Akita, K. Tamai, Y. Mitsuhashi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Novel COL7A1 mutations in a Japanese family with transient bullous dermolysis of the newborn associated with pseudosyndactyly Get access H. Nakano, H. Nakano Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Toyomaki, Y. Toyomaki Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Ohashi, S. Ohashi Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Nakano, A. Nakano Departments of Dermatology E‐mail: hnakano@cc.hirosaki‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Jin, H. Jin Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Munakata, T. Munakata Orthopedics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu‐cho, Hirosaki 036‐8562, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Akita, N. Akita Orthopedics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu‐cho, Hirosaki 036‐8562, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tamai, K. Tamai Department of Dermatology, Aomori City Hospital, Aomori, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Mitsuhashi Y. Mitsuhashi Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 1, 1 July 2007, Pages 179–182, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07955.x Published: 01 July 2007