tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal enzyme and protein excretion after induction of a diuresis.
Authors: G Guarnieri, M Ianche, S Lin
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Gene therapy consists of the transfer of genetic material to cells to achieve a therapeutic goal. In the field of gastroenterology and hepatology gene therapy has produced considerable expectation as a potential tool in the management of conditions that lack effective therapy including non-resectable neoplasms of the liver, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, chronic viral hepatitis unresponsive to interferon therapy, liver cirrhosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
EFA6B Antagonizes Breast Cancer
Authors: Joséphine Zangari, Mariagrazia Partisani, François Bertucci, Julie Milanini, Ghislain Bidaut, Carole Berruyer-Pouyet, Pascal Finetti, Elodie Long, Frédéric Brau, Olivier Cabaud, Bruno Chetaille, Daniel Birnbaum, Marc Lopez, Paul Hofman, Michel Franco, Frédéric Luton
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract One of the earliest events in epithelial carcinogenesis is the dissolution of tight junctions and cell polarity signals that are essential for normal epithelial barrier function. Here, we report that EFA6B, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Ras superfamily protein Arf6 that helps assemble and stabilize tight junction, is required to maintain apico-basal cell polarity and mesenchymal phenotypes in mammary epithelial cells. In organotypic three-dimensional cell cultures, endogenous levels of EFA6B were critical to determine epithelial–mesenchymal status. EFA6B downregulation correlated with a mesenchymal phenotype and ectopic expression of EFA6B hampered TGFβ-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Transcriptomic and immunohistochemical analyses of human breast tumors revealed that the reduced expression of EFA6B was associated with loss of tight junction components and with increased signatures of EMT, cancer stemness, and poor prognosis. Accordingly, tumors with low levels of EFA6B were enriched in the aggressive triple-negative and claudin-low breast cancer subtypes. Our results identify EFA6B as a novel antagonist in breast cancer and they point to its regulatory and signaling pathways as rational therapeutic targets in aggressive forms of this disease. Cancer Res; 74(19); 5493–506. ©2014 AACR.
Academic Relationships With Industry
Authors: Hamilton Moses III, Joseph B. Martin
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anti-Ro/SSA-associated annular erythema in childhood
Authors: S. MIYAGAWA, T. IIDA, T. FUKUMOTO, T. MATSUNAGA, A. YOSHIOKA, T. SHIRAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Summary We report lour children with anti-Ro/SSA positive who presented with an annular erythema as a manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome. One patient had an aseptic meningoencephalitis as well as cutaneous lesions. Children with annular erythema should he carefully followed for features of Sjögren's syndrome, which is believed to be a rare condition in children.
Abstract P6-06-40: Analysis of outcome according to risk factors in the randomized phase III TURANDOT trial evaluating first-line bevacizumab-containing therapy for HER2-negative locally recurrent/metastatic breast cancer (LR/mBC)
Authors: T Brodowicz, T Pienkowski, S Beslija, B Melichar, I Lang, MJ Inbar, R Anghel, S Spanik, S Ahlers, C Zielinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The randomized phase III TURANDOT trial compared first-line bevacizumab (BEV) + paclitaxel (PAC) vs BEV + capecitabine (CAP) in HER2-negative LR/mBC [Lang, Lancet Oncol 2013]. At the prespecified interim analysis there was no detectable difference in overall survival (OS; primary endpoint) between treatment groups, but the secondary endpoints of progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) favored BEV-PAC. We sought to identify patient populations defined by risk factors that may be most appropriately treated with one or other of the regimens. Methods: Patients with HER2-negative LR/mBC who had received no prior chemotherapy for LR/mBC were randomized to either BEV-PAC (BEV 10 mg/kg d1 &amp; 15 + PAC 90 mg/m2 d1, 8, &amp; 15 q4w) or BEV-CAP (BEV 15 mg/kg d1 + CAP 1000 mg/m2 bid d1-14 q3w). The study population was categorized into three cohorts: triple-negative (TNBC), high-risk hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and low-risk HR+. High-risk and low-risk HR+ were defined, respectively, as having ≥2 vs ≤1 of the following four risk factors: disease-free interval ≤24 months; visceral metastases; prior (neo)adjuvant anthracycline and/or taxane; ≥3 metastatic sites. Results: Baseline characteristics, efficacy, and safety by treatment arm are summarized below for the three cohorts. Although PFS results in all cohorts favored BEV-PAC, interim OS results showed a trend in favor of BEV-PAC in TNBC patients and in favor of BEV-CAP in low-risk HR+ patients. Grade ≥3 adverse events were less common with BEV-CAP than BEV-PAC in all three cohorts. TNBCHigh-risk HR+Low-risk HR+ BEV-PAC (n = 63)BEV-CAP (n = 67)BEV-PAC (n = 146)BEV-CAP (n = 162)BEV-PAC (n = 75)BEV-CAP (n = 50)Median age, years545658576161ECOG PS 0,%756068666366PFS Events, n (%)50 (79)54 (81)93 (64)125 (77)33 (44)35 (70)Median, months (95% CI)9.0 (7.8-10.7)5.6 (4.9-8.0)11.1 (10.4-13.4)8.3 (7.1-10.7)14.4 (10.4-20.5)11.5 (8.1-16.3)HR (95% CI)a1.37 (0.93-2.02)1.29 (0.98-1.69)1.39 (0.86-2.25)OS Events, n (%)28 (44)34 (51)50 (34)52 (32)18 (24)11 (22)1-year OS rate,%786380828590HR (95% CI)a1.33 (0.80-2.19)0.97 (0.66-1.43)0.80 (0.38-1.69)Grade ≥3 AEs,%634261516148aBEV-CAP vs BEV-PAC Conclusion: The simple risk factor index is prognostic for both PFS and OS and may be used to guide treatment choice when selecting BEV-containing therapy, balancing outcome with safety profile and patient preference. Final analysis of OS is expected in 2014. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-06-40.
Renal-endocrine adaptations to endogenous atrial natriuretic factor during tachycardia-induced reductions in renal perfusion pressure.
Authors: W L Miller, B S Edwards, R S Zimmerman, J C Burnett
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Atrial pressure, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and renal hemodynamic functions were examined during and after right ventricular pacing in anesthetized dogs (n = 9). Mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and renal blood flow decreased during tachycardia while right and left atrial pressures increased. ANF markedly increased during tachycardia but urinary and fractional excretion of sodium were unchanged from control. Plasma renin activity was not increased during pacing despite the decrease in renal perfusion pressure. After tachycardia and restoration of mean arterial pressure to control, ANF declined but remained elevated above control despite a return of atrial pressure to control level. After tachycardia, urinary and fractional sodium excretion increased significantly in the absence of an increase in glomerular filtration rate. These findings support the following conclusions: 1) tachycardia increases ANF in association with increased atrial pressure; however, an elevation of ANF persists following tachycardia despite the absence of the persistent stimulus of elevated atrial pressures; 2) the increase in ANF during tachycardia may contribute to the absence of a decrease in sodium excretion and activation of the renin-angiotensin system that occurs with reduction in renal perfusion pressure; and 3) tachycardia-induced natriuresis may be dependent on an increase in ANF and the maintenance of renal perfusion pressure.
Methods of helping patients with behaviour change.
Authors: S Rollnick, P Kinnersley, N Stott
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Helping patients to change behaviour concemed with eating, drinking, smoking, exercise, or taking medication is a common task in medical consultations.In both hospital and primary care the care of chronically ill people often entails encouraging them to change behaviour.With the emphasis now placed on health promotion in primary care this activity has been given high priority.' 2 Yet health care practitioners are given little or no training in how to promote behaviour change.We examine the limitations of using the approach of giving advice and identify new concepts and methods which offer the promise of improving the quality and effectiveness of consultations about behaviour change.
Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine
Authors: Dr. Vito Di Marco, Alfredo Marzano, Pietro Lampertico, Pietro Andreone, Teresa Santantonio, Piero Luigi Almasio, Mario Rizzetto, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The effect of lamivudine treatment on the outcome of patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis is unclear. In a retrospective multicenter study, we have analyzed the virological events observed during lamivudine therapy in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis and evaluated the correlation between virological response and clinical outcomes. Among 656 patients (mean age 49.1 years) included in the database, 54% had chronic hepatitis, 30% had Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) A cirrhosis, and 16% had CTP B/C cirrhosis. On therapy (median 22 months, range 1-66), a virological response was obtained in 616 patients (93.9%). The rate of maintained virological response was 39% after 4 years. During follow-up, 47 (7.2%) patients underwent liver transplantation, liver disease worsened in 31 (4.7%), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 31 (4.7%), and 24 patients (3.6%) died of liver-related causes. Patients who had cirrhosis and who maintained virological response were less likely than those with viral breakthrough to develop HCC ( P &lt; .001) and disease worsening ( P &lt; .001). Survival was better in CTP A patients with cirrhosis and maintained virological response ( P = .01 by rank test). Multivariate analysis revealed that presence of cirrhosis and viral breakthrough were independently related to mortality and development of HCC. In conclusion, lamivudine is highly effective in reducing viral load in HBeAg-negative patients. After 4 years of therapy, 39% of patients maintain a virological and biochemical response. Loss of virological response may lead to clinical deterioration in patients with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2004;40:883-891).
Excellent review scheme for critical incidents but insufficient for revalidation
Authors: Mayur Lakhani
Journal: BMJ (2005)

I want to consider the potential use of the Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality (SASM)1 scheme for revalidation of surgeons. Revalidation is an important policy initiative in the United Kingdom from the medical profession's regulatory body, the General Medical Council.2 It is aimed at ensuring that doctors remain up to date and fit to practise, and is also a way of restoring and retaining the public's trust in doctors. The policy is in some difficulty, and the government has ordered a review of how revalidation can be made to work.

The Royal College of Surgeons of England and the Senate of Surgery recommend that …
Activation of MAP Kinase In Vivo Follows Balloon Overstretch Injury of Porcine Coronary and Carotid Arteries
Authors: J. M. Pyles, K. L. March, M. Franklin, K. Mehdi, R. L. Wilensky, L. P. Adam
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Vascular restenosis involves contraction, proliferation, and remodeling of the arterial wall in response to overstretch injury. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are implicated in both contraction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and studies of porcine carotid arterial muscle strips have shown that mechanical stretch leads to the activation of the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) family of MAPKs in vivo. We, therefore, analyzed the acute effect of mechanical overstretch injury on ERK-MAPK (herein referred to simply as MAPK) activity in porcine coronary and carotid arteries in vivo. Balloon angioplasty catheters were inflated to 6 atm three times over 5 minutes at a balloon-artery ratio of 1.2:1 in either porcine coronary or carotid arteries. The arteries were snap-frozen after angioplasty, and MAPK activity was measured. Angioplasty of the left anterior descending (LAD, n=5), left circumflex (LCx, n=5), and carotid (n=5) arteries effected an increase in MAPK activity compared with the activity in uninstrumented right coronary arteries (RCAs) or carotid arteries from the same animals used for controls. Balloon angioplasty of carotid arteries led to an increase in MAPK activity that was 7.7-fold over the activity in control arteries and comparable to the activity in stretched carotid arterial muscle strips in vivo. The increase in coronary artery kinase activity on angioplasty was variable from animal to animal. The increase in MAPK activity over that in control arteries ranged from 4.5- to 31.7-fold (mean±SEM, 10.7±5.3) in the LAD and 1.8- to 31.3-fold (mean±SEM, 9.7±5.7) in the LCx. There were no apparent inherent differences in the levels of MAPK activity in the three different types of coronary arteries (RCA, LAD, and LCx) without instrumentation. MAPK activation occurs rapidly during angioplasty, suggesting that this kinase may play an early role in initiating the injury response in both porcine coronary and carotid arteries. MAPKs may be key enzymes targeted to treat or prevent restenosis.
Post-approval adverse events of new and old anticoagulants
Authors: K. B. Hoffman, A. Demakas, C. B. Erdman, M. Dimbil
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Anticoagulants are some of the most widely used drugs worldwide. Dabigatran is commonly assumed to be safer than warfarin, but because debate continues on this question,1 we analysed post-marketing safety signals across this drug class.

Drug safety analysis is often enhanced by identifying links between a given drug and a group of adverse events. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities and the Council for International Organization of Medical Sciences created and validated categories of related adverse events known as “standardised queries.”2 These groupings help improve signal detection from adverse event case reports contained in the Food …
Should age based rationing of health care be illegal?
Authors: M. Rivlin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Age based rationing of health care is part of daily life in the NHS. As Graham Sutton writes, “Ageism seems to be embedded in the NHS culture” ( BMJ 1997;315:1032-3). I have argued elsewhere that the concept is morally indefensible ( BMJ 1995;310:1179-82). My suggestion is that it should now be made illegal. It might be thought impractical to involve the law. However, the 1976 Race Relations Act and the 1975 Disability Discrimination Act have made discrimination illegal in other areas, and it should be possible to take a similar statutory approach to protect the healthcare requirements of elderly people.

> The legislation … would not result in elderly patients being given treatment that was of no benefit 

Under the terms of the 1976 Race Relations Act, “A person discriminates directly against another in any circumstances relevant for the provision of the Race Relations Act 1976 if on racial grounds he treats that other less favourably than he treats or would …
Effect of dietary fat on the distribution of mucosal mass and cell proliferation along the small intestine.
Authors: A P Jenkins, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1992)

This study investigated how substitution of long chain triglycerides for glucose in a mixed diet affects the overall small intestinal mucosal mass and the distribution of mucosal mass and cell proliferation along the small intestine. Four groups of eight female Wistar rats (180-200 g) were isocalorically fed mixed diets containing the essential fatty acid rich oil Efamol substituted for glucose at concentrations of 1.2%, 10%, 25%, and 50% total calories for 20 to 23 days. The small intestine was divided into three equal length segments and whole gut weights, mucosal weights, protein and DNA determined. Cell proliferation was estimated from the two hour accumulation of vincristine arrested metaphases in microdissected crypts at points 0%, 17%, 33%, 50%, 66%, and 100% small intestinal length. There were no differences between groups in parameters of overall small intestinal or distal segment mucosal mass. With increasing levels of fat, however, there was a significant trend for the mucosal mass of the proximal segment to fall and that of the middle segment to rise. The pattern of two hour metaphase accumulation reflected these changes. These regional changes in mucosal mass and cell proliferation may reflect differences in the sites of absorption of fat and glucose.
The Hospital Admission and Surveillance Program in Illinois
Authors: Bruce A. Flashner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Methods for establishing peer review and medical quality control are much discussed but rarely implemented programs. To a minor degree, partial programs have been established as experimental models. To date, there has not been a statewide program which encompasses peer review, medical review, monitoring and training of institutional utilization review committees, and an information system to ascertain the quality of care obtained by state medical assistance patients. The Hospital Admission and Surveillance Program represents a method for fulfilling the requirements of two health interests. The medical profession retains its role in providing professional evaluation and medical review while the state monitors and more efficiently purchases care for the indigent.
PTU-109 Plasma Heat Shock Protein-32 Levels in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus-Related Cirrhosis: Relation to Renal Function and Hemodynamics
Authors: H A El Aggan, M I Reda, M M Rizk
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Heat shock protein-32 (HSP-32) is a microsomal enzyme that has hemodynamic effects and may play a role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases. Therefore, the present work was designed to study the plasma levels of HSP-32 and its product carbon monoxide (CO) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis in relation to renal function and hemodynamics. <h3>Methods</h3> Thirty patients with HCV-related cirrhosis and 15 healthy subjects were included in the study. The severity of liver disease was assessed using Child-Pugh classification and The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Renal function was evaluated by serum creatinine (sCr) level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine sodium (UNa)concentration. Plasma HSP-32 levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHB) concentration, an index of CO production, was assayed by spectrophotometry. Renal hemodynamics including renal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), mean velocity (MnV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) and renal blood flow (RBF), were measured using Doppler ultrasonography. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with HCV-related cirrhosis showed significant increases in plasma HSP-32 levels, blood COHB concentration and renal artery RI and PI and significant decreases in RBF and renal artery EDV and MnV compared with healthy subjects (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) The plasma HSP-32 levels and blood COHB concentration showed positive correlations with Child-Pugh and MELD scores, sCr and renal artery RI and PI and negative correlations with eGFR, UNa concentration, RBF and renal artery EDV and MnV (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). No correlations were found between plasma HSP-32 levels and blood COHB concentration on one hand and age of the patient, apparent duration of HCV infection and serum HCV RNA levels on the other hand (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The increased HSP-32 activity with enhanced endogenous CO generation may play an important role in renal dysfunction in HCV-related cirrhosis and could be a potential therapeutic target. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Kevin Garvey
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —I wish to comment on the article on Maharishi Ayur-Veda 1 published in your May 22/29 issue. My experience as a counselor and legal consultant on cases stemming from TM's abuses reveals a different story from the one the authors tell.  My work has provided a disturbing view of wife abuse, violence against children, health abuse, and a total disregard for the psychological horrors that TM techniques foster and justify. The causes of these practices are, like TM Ayur-Veda medicine, woven together by TM's strain of Hindu mythology.  The medical program of TM, based as it is on TM's notoriously suspect research, is a form of mind over matter magic. The hints of this are even to be found in your article. Where it acknowledges the importance of mental techniques, the spurious importance of biological rhythms, and the claim of expertise in reading vibratory patterns, your readers'
Ward meetings: a forum for patients' concerns.
Authors: J Graffy
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A series of meetings between patients and staff were held on two general medical wards to discuss the concerns of patients. Issues ranged from the quality of hospital food, ward facilities, and visiting arrangements to the medical and nursing care provided and patients' views on medical students. Most issues were raised by the patients themselves and the outcome was either acceptance or rejection of a suggestion, an explanation by the staff, or a general discussion if a specific decision was inappropriate. Most staff and patients considered the meetings to be valuable. Ward meetings thus seem to provide a way of making hospitals more responsive to patients' concerns.
The influence of cortisone on the parietal cell population of the stomach in the dog
Authors: N. C. R. W. Reid, R. M. Hackett, R. B. Welbourn
Journal: Gut (1961)

Two experiments were undertaken in dogs to discover the influence of cortisone on the parietal cell population of the stomach. In one, samples of mucosa were removed at operation before and after the administration of cortisone in an average total dose of 39 mg. per kg. (in seven days). The thickness of the mucosa was increased by 16% and the number of parietal cells per unit area was increased by 33%. In the other experiment different doses were given by daily intramuscular injection for various periods. The dogs were killed and their whole stomachs were examined. Cortisone in an average total dose of 28 mg. per kg. (in three to seven days) increased the mean mucosal thickness by 27%, increased the number of parietal cells underlying a unit area of the gastric mucosa by 50%, and the total parietal cell population by a similar proportion. It did not influence the area of the gastric mucosa. Smaller doses of cortisone were less effective and larger ones tended to reduce the mucosal thickness and the number of parietal cells.