tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Molecular Heterogeneity in the Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Raul Weiss, M. Michael Barmada, Tuduy Nguyen, Jolene S. Seibel, Doris Cavlovich, Cari A. Kornblit, Adam Angelilli, Flordeliza Villanueva, Dennis M. McNamara, Barry London
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Brugada syndrome is a form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation characterized by a right bundle-branch block pattern and ST elevation (STE) in the right precordial leads of the ECG. Sodium channel blockers increase STE. Mutations of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A cause the disorder, and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is often recommended for affected individuals. Mutations in other genes have not been identified, and it is not known if the efficacy of drug testing or the malignancy of arrhythmias correlates to the gene defect. Methods and Results — We performed histories, physical examinations, ECGs, and drug testing on a large multigenerational family with Brugada syndrome. DNA isolated from blood samples, polymorphic genomic markers, and polymorphisms within candidate sodium channels were used for a genome-wide screen, fine mapping, and linkage analysis. We identified 12 affected individuals (right bundle-branch block, ≥1-mm STE) with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern characterized by incomplete penetrance that appeared to be dependent on age and sex. Four affected individuals had syncope and 2 had documented ventricular arrhythmias, but there was minimal family history of sudden death. Procainamide infusions did not identify additional affected individuals. Linkage was present to an ≈15-cM region on chromosome 3p22-25 (maximum LOD score=4.00). The sodium channel genes SCN5A , SCN10A , and SCN12A on chromosome 3 were excluded as candidates (LOD scores ≤−2). Conclusions — A Brugada syndrome locus distinct from SCN5A is associated with progressive conduction disease, a low sensitivity to procainamide testing, and a relatively good prognosis in a single large pedigree.
Environmental influences should not be ignored
Authors: B. Martindale
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ophthalmologists is more helpful and avoids confusion.This states: The minimal visual field for safe driving is a field of vision of at least 120 degrees on the horizontal measured by the Goldmann perimeter using the III4e settings (or equivalent perimetry).In addition there should be no significant field defect in the binocular field which encroaches within 20 degrees of fixation either above or below the horizontal meridian.By these means homonymous or bitemporal defects which come close to fixation, whether hemianopic or quadrantanopic, are not accepted as safe for driving.Isolated scotomata represented in the binocular field near to the central fixation area may also be inconsistent with safe driving.2This definition is incorporated in the forthcoming revised edition of the booklet Medical Aspects of Fitness to Drive3 and is thought to be the best interpretation of the standard as it is applied to individual patients.
Delayed Idiosyncratic Psychosis With Diphenylhydantoin
Authors: Clarence E. McDanal
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A PATIENT had a delayed idiosyncratic psychosis to diphenylhydantoin sodium. We have not found another case in the medical literature that described this type of reaction to diphenylhydantoin with supportive blood level data. Stevens<sup>1</sup>mentioned four reports of epileptic patients with bizarre, psychotic signs and symptoms who were treated with changes in anticonvulsant medication, neuroleptic drugs, and environment. Unfortunately, no anticonvulsant blood levels were mentioned. The side effects of diphenylhydantoin fall into two categories: dose dependency or individual hypersensitivity or idiosyncratic response. Sparberg<sup>2</sup>described the medical complications of diphenylhydantoin therapy and concluded that they were diagnostically confusing. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old mother of three children had had seizures since she was 12 years old but none in the past four years. She received anticonvulsant medications, mephobarbital, 32 mg four times daily, and diphenylhydantoin sodium, 100 mg four times daily. The patient faithfully took the medication; she
Transient elastography and prognosis of cirrhosis
Authors: Annalisa Berzigotti
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease is to a great extent determined by the presence and degree of portal hypertension (PHT). Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) has been shown to be an accurate prognostic index in patients with cirrhosis. Transient elastography is a non-invasive procedure that assesses liver fibrosis through the measurement of liver stiffness (LS). In several reports, LS was found to be correlated with HVPG. LS could therefore be useful to identify patients with significant PHT. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess and to compare the prognostic performances of LS and HVPG in patients with chronic liver disease. One hundred patients with chronic liver disease underwent LS and HVPG measurements on the same day. Patients were thereafter followed-up for 2 years or until they experienced a complication related to their liver disease. Within the two-year follow-up, 41 patients developed, at least, one liver disease related complication. The performances of HVPG and LS for predicting the occurrence of these complications were not significantly different: AUROC 0.815 [0.727-0.903] and 0.837 [0.754-0.920], respectively. When considering only complications related to PHT, both methods were found to be similarly accurate: AUROC 0.830 [0.751-0.910] and 0.845 [0.767-0.823], for HVPG and LS, respectively. When patients were divided in two groups according to a LS value below or above 21.1kPa, actuarial rates of remaining free of any complication at 2 years were 85.4% vs. 29.5%, respectively. When only PHT related complications were considered, these rates were 100% vs. 47.5%, respectively. The performances of LS and HVPG were also similar in the subgroup of 65 patients with cirrhosis. LS proved as effective as HVPG in predicting clinical decompensation and PHT related complications in patients with chronic liver disease. Therefore, LS could be a valuable clinical tool to avoid invasive procedures.
Gynecology: Carcinoma of the Vulva
Authors: Langdon Parsons, Joe Vincent Meigs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

LITTLE progress has been made in the treatment of carcinoma of the vulva during the last five years, except for a more enlightened conception of the natural lymphatic spread of the disease and emphasis on a more radical surgical approach to the deep lymphatic chains.Among those primarily interested in the disease, the battle for early recognition and preventive treatment has continued. Despite the many articles appearing in the literature, the patient still presents herself to the operating surgeon with a relatively advanced state of malignancy. Through the medium of the radio, which has taken the place of the corner . . .
Harvard Med: The Story Behind America's Premier Medical School and the Making of America's Doctors
Authors: Richard M. Stillman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The Medical Institution of Harvard University opened in 1782 with two students and three teachers. John Warren, a 1771 Harvard graduate and military surgeon, established a curriculum and "an oral examination (not surprising, given that few of the early medical school students could actually write)...." The school has come a long way over two centuries. Harvard Medical School's current class of 70 women and 95 men comes from 33 states, 15 foreign countries, and 63 colleges and was selected from 2942 applicants by a meticulous admission process. "We didn't just pull your names out of the yellow pages," quips Dr Daniel Federman at orientation. Harvard's contributions to medical science are legendary: the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, development of the external cardiac pacemaker, the concept of heat-killed vaccines, the first use of electricity to restore cardiac rhythm, creation of the iron lung, and many more. Paul Dudley White introduced the electrocardiogram to the
Array of hope for gene technology.
Authors: J Medlin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

A Washington-based bioinformatics company is developing sophisticated DNA microarrays that should help researchers measure and analyze gene expression faster, more economically, and with greater precision than ever before possible. The FlexJet system, as the microarray product is known, uses inkjet technology to propel microscopic strands of DNA nucleotides onto slides, "printing" arrays of DNA molecules in a process not unlike the manner in which a printer deposits ink onto paper, forming distinct patterns of characters and images. Microarray technology may revolutionize the field of toxicogenomics by helping scientists target new drugs, discover gene function, determine biologic pathways, and better understand diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease at the molecular level.
Ultrastructural immunogold studies in two cases of linear IgA dermatosis. Are there two distinct types of this disease?
Authors: S. KARPATI, W. STOLZ, M. MEURER, T. KRIEG, O. BRAUN-FALCO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Ultrastructural immunogold studies in two cases of linear IgA dermatosis. Are there two distinct types of this disease? Get access S. KÁRPÁTI, S. KÁRPÁTI Dermatology Department, Heim Pál Hospital for Children, Budapest, HungaryDermatology Department, Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich, Germany Dr S.Kárpáti, NIH, Dermatology Branch of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892 U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. STOLZ, W. STOLZ Dermatology Department, Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. MEURER, M. MEURER Dermatology Department, Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. KRIEG, T. KRIEG Dermatology Department, Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich, GermanyDermatology Department, University Köln, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. BRAUN‐FALCO O. BRAUN‐FALCO Dermatology Department, Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 2, 1 August 1992, Pages 112–118, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08041.x Published: 01 August 1992
A REPORT OF THREE CASES OF TETANUS. ONE TREATED SYMPTOMATICALLY AND TWO WITH TETANUS ANTITOXINS.
Authors: JOHN E. OWENS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

<h3>Case 1.</h3> —Thomas McG., Canadian, laborer, aged 26. Patient walked into St. Luke's Hospital Oct. 25, 1895, with the following history: Eight days previously he had received a punctured wound of the foot from a nail. The wound bled slightly and he had at once gone to St. Luke's Dispensary for treatment. Here the wound had been freely incised and washed with a strong bichlorid solution and wet bichlorid dressing applied. He had returned each day to have the dressing renewed. The evening before his appearance at the hospital he had noticed some difficulty in chewing and swallowing, and this had brought him to the hospital early the next morning with the remark that he thought he was going to have lockjaw. Examination showed marked trismus, the masseters being tense and hard and the patient unable to open his jaws more than a half-inch, and attempts to separate them forcibly
STUDIES ON THE TRANSMISSION AND THE EXCRETION OF THE LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE AGENT
Authors: Abner Louis Notkins, Christina Scheele
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

The lactic dehydrogenase agent (LDH agent) was found in the urine, feces, and saliva of mice within 24 hours after inoculation. The titer of virus in these materials appears to be directly related to the titer in the plasma. Infection by the oral route occurred only when a high concentration of virus was used. Animals infected prior to mating rarely transmitted the LDH agent to their progeny. However, 91.2 per cent of the progeny of mothers infected during gestation and 51.5 per cent of the progeny of mothers infected within 48 hours after giving birth became infected with the LDH agent. Evidence is discussed which suggests that the transmission of the LDH agent from the infected mother to her offspring is related to the titer of the LDH agent in the maternal circulation.
Medical Therapy after Successful Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization
Authors: David Hasdai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Percutaneous coronary revascularization frequently relieves angina in patients with ischemic heart disease and may obviate the need for antianginal medications. Objective: To examine the use of antianginal medications after successful percutaneous coronary revascularization. Design: Retrospective cohort study of the Mayo Clinic PTCA [percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty] Registry. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: 3831 patients who underwent successful percutaneous coronary revascularization from September 1979 through August 1997 and had not had myocardial infarction within the year before the intervention. Measurements: Use of antianginal medications (β-adrenergic blockers, nitrates, and calcium-channel blockers) before the intervention, at hospital discharge, and 6 months after the intervention. Results: 99% of patients reported improvement in their symptoms at hospital discharge. At 6 months, 87% of patients were free of myocardial infarction, coronary bypass surgery, or additional percutaneous intervention. Compared with 66% of patients before the index intervention, only 12% of patients had severe angina at 6 months and 69% were completely free of angina. Nonetheless, at 6 months, 39% of patients were receiving β-adrenergic blockers (preprocedure proportion, 43%; P < 0.001), 36% were receiving nitrates (preprocedure proportion, 41%; P < 0.001), and 57% were receiving calcium-channel blockers (preprocedure proportion, 50%; P < 0.001). These trends persisted for patients without hypertension and those who had complete revascularization. Conclusions: Successful percutaneous coronary revascularization did not substantially supplant the use of antianginal medications, which were commonly used despite the marked improvement in anginal status. This may reflect reluctance to alter therapy once symptoms of angina subside. Guidelines on continued medical therapy after percutaneous coronary revascularization are needed.
Improving prospects for employment of the haemophiliac.
Authors: J Stuart, C D Forbes, P Jones, G Lane, C R Rizza, S Wilkes
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The recent introduction of self-treatment has dramatically improved the management of severe haemophilia A and B (Christmas disease), and most sufferers in Britain can now inject themselves intravenously with factor VIII or IX con- centrate whenever they suspect bleeding.'This change in management has reduced dependence on hospital treatment, increased social independence and morale,2 and possibly will delay, if not prevent, the development of chronic haemophilic arthropathy.3The potential effect, however, of this advance on employment prospects has yet to be determined.In previous studies on the employment of haemophiliacs4 the reported incidence of unemployment varied from 18% to 35% compared with a national unemployment rate of around 7%.It might be expected that improved treatment would increase employment prospects and help offset the approximate cost of £2000 a patient a year for purchasing blood product concentrate.We describe a study of the factors that currently affect the employment prospects of the haemophiliac, together with an assessment of the impact of self-treatment.
Medical Organization Policies About Tobacco Use
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1988)

RECENTLY,<i>JAMA</i>'s MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES Department published an article concerning the smoking policies of organizations represented in the American Medical Association's House of Delegates (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:2812-2814). Despite attempts to make that report as complete and accurate as possible, the record needs to be set straight in some instances. Some organizations were inadvertently left off the published list. Their policies, as told to MEDICAL NEWS &amp; PERSPECTIVES in telephone interviews, as well as those of organizations that wrote to say their policies are other than what was originally stated, are reported here. <h3>American Academy of Neurology:</h3> No smoking in offices or during annual meeting sessions. <h3>American College of Physicians:</h3> No smoking at meetings; has position statements, educational sessions on smoking cessation. <h3>Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors of America:</h3> Individual member companies have own policies; are striving for a no-smoking environment. Some members have published smoking cessation education materials.
Restricting sales of barbecue charcoal helps in suicide prevention, study shows
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Research showing that restricting access to barbecue charcoal is helpful in lowering the number of suicides has been welcomed by experts on suicide prevention. 

It comes at a time when suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning induced by burning charcoal in a sealed room is beginning to occur outside Asia, where it became a popular method of suicide in the late 1990s.

“We know that making access to lethal [methods] more difficult prevents suicides from occurring,” said Lanny Berman, president of the International Association for Suicide Prevention. “The expectation is that as information is readily accessible, suicides by this method will spread. That’s why …
Hollywood goes up in smoke
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Actors have smoked on screen for almost as long as the medium of cinema has existed, prompting anti-tobacco campaigners to accuse them of setting a bad example to young, impressionable audiences. Yet Hollywood's film makers live and work with some of the world's toughest public smoking laws. All public transport that departs or arrives in California is smoke free, and it is illegal to light up in any enclosed public space.

Have these measures led to a backlash against the anti-tobacco lobby, which now so clearly seems to have the upper hand? Or are more sinister forces at work, fighting to maximise the remaining opportunities for tobacco promotion now that so many avenues have been closed?

Conscious …
Immunogenicity to infliximab is associated with HLA-DRB1
Authors: Thomas Billiet, Niels Vande Casteele, Thomas Van Stappen, Fred Princen, Sharat Singh, Ann Gils, Marc Ferrante, Gert Van Assche, Isabelle Cleynen, Severine Vermeire
Journal: Gut (2015)

Dear Editor,

We read with great interest the manuscript by Ungar and colleagues describing the temporal evolution of antibodies to infliximab (ATI) in patients with IBD treated with infliximab (IFX).1 By prospectively following 125 patients with IBD, they showed that ATI formation is a dynamic process. Clinically relevant ATI were typically formed within the first 12 months but transient ATI, which are of little clinical significance, can be formed at any time during treatment. They furthermore demonstrated that the evolution of ATI correlates with clinical loss of response and that concomitant immunomodulator use prolonged ATI-free survival, which is in line with previous reports. Nevertheless, patient-related factors possibly influencing ATI formation weren't considered and haven't been studied extensively. We hypothesised that ATI formation may be triggered by HLA-DRB1 alleles, as was shown for immunogenicity to interferon-β therapy in multiple sclerosis.2 We retrospectively analysed 192 patients with IBD: 76 patients developed ATI during IFX maintenance treatment (=ATI+) (44 Crohn's disease (CD), 32 UC) and these were matched with 116 patients (64 CD, 52 UC) who never developed ATI (=ATI−). All patients were antitumour necrosis factor naive before IFX …
Arterial stiffness and central blood pressure, as determined by pulse wave analysis, in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R Klocke, J R Cockcroft, G J Taylor, I R Hall, D R Blake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality for reasons which are insufficiently understood. Chronic inflammation may impair vascular function and lead to an increase of arterial stiffness, an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. <b>Objective:</b> To investigate the augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial stiffness in patients with RA, free of cardiovascular disease or risk factors, by means of a matched cohort pilot study. <b>Method:</b> Patients with a diagnosis of RA, aged 50 years or younger, were screened for the absence of clinical cardiovascular disease and risk factors, such as smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, and excessive systemic steroid use. Suitable subjects were assessed by non-invasive radial pulse wave analysis to determine their AIx. These data were compared with those from healthy controls, matched closely for sex, age, mean peripheral blood pressure, heart rate, and height. <b>Results:</b> 14 suitable patients (11 female; mean (SD) age 42 (6) years, mean RA duration 11 (6) years; mean C reactive protein 19 (15) mg/l, no clinical systemic rheumatoid vasculitis) and matched controls were identified. The RA group had a higher mean (SD) AIx and mean (SD) central blood pressure (BP) than the control group: AIx 26.2 (6.7) <i>v</i> 18.9 (10.8)%, p=0.028; mean central BP 91.3 (7.8) <i>v</i> 88.2 (8.9) mm Hg, p&lt;0.0001, by two tailed, paired <i>t</i> test. <b>Conclusions:</b> This preliminary study suggests that RA is associated with increased arterial stiffness and central BP, independently of clinically manifest cardiovascular disease or risk factors. This may contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality in RA.
PRESENT STATUS OF CERTIFICATION IN AVIATION MEDICINE
Authors: Ernest L. Stebbins
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> At the request of the Interim Board on Aviation Medicine and with the encouragement of the Advisory Board for Medical Specialties, the American Board of Preventive Medicine and Public Health has given consideration over the past 18 months to the possibility of association of preventive medicine and aviation medicine as a specialty certifying board. After numerous joint conferences of the members of the Interim Board in Aviation Medicine and the American Board of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, a proposed affiliation was developed. Under the terms of this proposal, the American Board of Preventive Medicine and Public Health would become the American Board of Preventive Medicine, sponsored, in addition to the sponsorship of the original board, by the appropriate professional associations in aviation medicine. Under this reorganization, it was proposed that candidates might be examined and certified in either (<i>a</i>) public health or (<i>b</i>) aviation medicine, the
Shorter Hospital Stay for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

When President Eisenhower suffered an uncomplicated anterior myocardial infarction in 1955, he spent seven weeks convalescing in the hospital. He was permitted little physical activity and at first was carried to and from his bed by two corpsmen.1 Although the President received unusually cautious treatment, hospital stays of this duration — and extreme restriction of physical activity — were common practice at that time even for less notable patients. In this issue of the Journal, Topol et al.2 suggest that a similar patient today may be safely discharged from the hospital in three days. What has prompted this turnabout? . . .