tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Reform: Importance of Petitions
Authors: A. Stookes
Journal: BMJ (1857)

<b>Background:</b> The involvement of cellular and extracellular peroxidases (PO) in the formation of osmo-dependent airway responsiveness in asthma is little known. We aimed to assess the dynamics of peroxidases in response to a hyposmolar stimulus in patients with asthma. <b>Methods:</b> In 62 patients with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma, the level of control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT, points). Lung function (FEV1), and airway response (ΔFEV1, %) to 3-min. inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) were measured by spirometry. The reaction products for PO in the granulocytes of induced sputum were determined by optical density calculating the average cytochemical coefficient (in pixels). The PO concentration (ng/mL) in the blood serum was determined by immunoassay. <b>Results:</b> The patients were divided into two groups according to the level of ACT: group 1 included 32 patients with ACT less than 20 points (14.4±0.57 points), group 2 – 30 patients with ACT more than 20 points (22.1±0.33 points). The groups did not differ in the age of patients, FEV1, ΔFEV1. The concentration of PO in sputum was 134.2±12.2 vs. 102.6±10.1 pixels (p=0.054). The concentration of blood PO after the UNDW test in both groups decreased, to a greater extent in group 1 from 145 (67.0; 329.0) to 47.5 (32.1; 177.0) ng/mL (p=0.013). In group 1, a correlation was found between the baseline blood PO and ACT (Rs=-0.40; p=0.045), in group 2 – between PO in induced sputum and ΔFEV1 (-0.52; p=0.023). <b>Conclusion:</b> The decrease of PO after exposure to a hyposmolar stimulus&nbsp;suggest increased enzyme&nbsp;utilization in the reactions of oxidative and halogenated stress in the respiratory tract.
Evaluation of the human haematopoietic stem cell potential in liver regeneration: Analysis of homing and differentiation patterns in a nod/scid mouse model
Authors: A.C. Piscaglia, C. Di Campli, L. Pierelli, S. Rutella, G. Bonanno, A. Mariotti, G. Zannoni, F.M. Vecchio, P. Pola, G. Leone, G. Gasbarrini, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Catchy phrases, irrelevance, and the rise of the medical tabloid
Authors: N. Manassiev
Journal: BMJ (2014)

On careful reading, Bisognano and Schummers’s main conclusion from their article about flipping healthcare is that they have nothing to offer the average reader and policy maker in the UK.1 They probably have no idea about the irrelevance of their article to anyone outside the US; otherwise they would probably seek advice, not offer it.

They suggest two innovations in …
791. Immunity to AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy in a Random-Bred Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Zejing Wang, Michael J. Blankinship, Paul Gregorevic, Marie-Terese Little, Rainer J. Storb, James M. Allen, Stephen J. Tapscott, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, Christian S. Kuhr
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Studies in the mdx mouse model of DMD have shown that muscle membrane integrity and function can be improved by AAV-mediated delivery of a functional dystrophin protein. To assess the potential clinical utility of treating human DMD patients with AAV-mediated gene delivery, we performed a series of direct intra-muscular injections in random-bred normal dogs and in dogs with muscular dystrophy caused by a dystrophin mutation (xmd dogs).

Methods: AAV serotypes 2 and 6 carrying different promoter-transgene cassettes were produced as previously described for the murine studies and purified either on a heparin column or with a combination of heparin column and cesium chloride gradient. Direct intramuscular injections of virus (1012, 1010, or 108 viral genomes per site) in a total volume of 250 ul were performed. The injection sites were biopsied under anesthesia between 2 and 12 weeks after injection.

Results: Injection of either AAV6 or AAV2 expressing CMV-b-galactosidase (b-gal) induced a strong inflammatory response containing both CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes with peak tissue destruction 4 weeks following viral injection. A similar robust immune response was seen with injection of AAV6-RSV-alkaline-phosphatase, AAV6-CMV-canine-factor-IX (cFIX) and with empty AAV6 capsid alone. Additional purification of the AAV6-CMV-cFIX by centrifugation through a cesium chloride gradient did not diminish the immune response. Continuous immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CSP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) largely prevented the immune response to AAV6-CMV-b-gal in a normal dog for up to four weeks and permitted robust transgene expression. The same immunosuppressive regimen did not prevent an immune response to AAV6-CMV-cFIX or AAV6-CMV-human-micro-dystrophin in an xmd dog, suggesting that a more aggressive immunosuppressive regimen might be necessary in the xmd dog.

Conclusions: Taken together, our results suggest that AAV capsid proteins, or proteins associated with the capsid, elicit significant immune responses when directly injected into skeletal muscle of normal random-bred dogs. The combination of CSP and MMF effectively prevents the immune responses in a normal dog, but not in an xmd dog, possibly due to the pre-existing inflammatory nature of the DMD muscle disease or due to genetic variation in a random-bred animal population. The robust immune responses to AAV2 and AAV6 in random-bred dogs contrast with the lack of an immune response in studies by others in inbred mice and dogs. Further studies will be necessary to determine the nature of the immune responses and to develop appropriate immunosuppressive regimen for AAV gene delivery to xmd muscle.
Causes of early-onset type 1 diabetes: toward data-driven environmental approaches
Authors: Pierre Bougnères, Alain-Jacques Valleron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

A new study reveals distinctive metabolic changes that precede the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D), tossing a stone into the quiet waters of T1D immunology and genetics. The causes of these metabolic changes and their relationship to autoimmunity and β cell destruction are not yet known, but the identification of a metabolic phenotype linked to susceptibility to type I diabetes may help pave the way to a new era of investigation of T1D causality.
Offer to Medical Libraries
Authors: C. D. Spivak
Journal: JAMA (1910)

given to it by Neumann is Ibis: It is a synonym of D. retícula- tus as interpreted by Neumann, namely, I), retioulatus of Kurope plus specimens examined by »Mar».I'roni Texas and New .Mexico, plus certain other forms.Two possibilities arc present: (1) If reallv identical with D. retioulatus, the name I), rentistas drops into synonymy and cannot he-used for the spotted-fever lick.(2) 'fhe only way of separating the inline from I), reticttlatiis is by finding the original specimens from Texas or New Mexico and showing that they are not identical with /*.retioulatus.In material recently at my disposal, I hud specimens of the Mars collection labeled Dermaoentor venustus from both Texas and New Mexico.These are the specimens on which Neumann published in 1897, and it is the Texas specimen from sheep which I designated as the type, 'fliese specimens nre clearly distinct from the European />.retioulatus, and they represent the form which I have published ¡is D. rennst us.Mr. Hanks was present at a meeting of the Entomological Society.Jan. 10, 1907, when I showed drawings of the European I), retioulatus, and explained the differences between this and the various American forms.He also visited my lab¬ oratory for the specific purpose of »examining Marx' material, and at Unit time the originals of I), venustus, I), oooidentalis and I), ant/ersoni were placed before him.together with draw¬ ings of the stignuil plates.lie later (1908) published "Dermaoentor venustus n. sp.," admitting that it was Marx'
Razoxane in treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia.
Authors: D Shaw, G R Tudhope
Journal: BMJ (1978)

children I have unwittingly vaccinated over the past 10 years unprotected against polio?If so, shall we have to reimmunise all these children previously given oral polio vaccine, and if not why all the present fuss ?To jab or not to jab-that is the question.Could we please havc some answers?
A Deletion Involving the Connexin 30 Gene in Nonsyndromic Hearing Impairment
Authors: Ignacio del Castillo, Manuela Villamar, Miguel A. Moreno-Pelayo, Francisco J. del Castillo, Araceli Álvarez, Dolores Tellería, Ibis Menéndez, Felipe Moreno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Inherited hearing impairment affects about 1 in 2000 newborns. Up to 50 percent of all patients with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic prelingual deafness in different populations have mutations in the gene encoding the gap-junction protein connexin 26 (GJB2) at locus DFNB1 on chromosome 13q12. However, a large fraction (10 to 42 percent) of patients with GJB2 mutations have only one mutant allele; the accompanying mutation has not been identified. DFNB1-linked familial cases with no mutation in GJB2 have also been reported.
Removal of Contrast Media From the Coronary Sinus Attenuates Renal Injury After Coronary Angiography and Intervention
Authors: Stephen J. Duffy, Peter Ruygrok, Craig P. Juergens, Horst Sievert, Mark Richards, James Blake, Robert Whitbourn, H. Omar Farouque, Terence Pertile, David M. Kaye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Good doctors: safer patients--the Chief Medical Officer's prescription for regulating doctors
Authors: M. G. Q. d. Rovere, D. M. McCartney, M. H. Thornton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

In an article published in the JRSM, Volume 99, Ferner and McDowell adopted a literature review of doctors charged with manslaughter since 1795.From a reading of their article it is possible to determine that they arrived at the following conclusions.First, that there had been a significant increase in the prosecution of doctors for gross negligence manslaughter since 1990; second, that the majority of these doctors should not have been prosecuted; third, that the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) has failed to abide by its own prosecution Code; and fourth, that we have charged doctors as 'an emotionally satisfying way to exact retribution . . .'We question the methodology, analysis and conclusions reached by the authors.They relied for the most part on newspaper reports, a notoriously unreliable source, for an accurate account of the allegations.In every case all the evidence is considered by experienced doctors before any prosecution is commenced.We apply the criminal law on gross negligence manslaughter as we are required to do, yet Ferner and McDowell criticise us for not using the criteria of 'mistakes, slips (or lapses) and violations', tests that are unknown to the criminal law.Ferner and McDowell have failed to understand the CPS 'realistic prospect of conviction' test and have applied a simplistic numerical test against all the cases they could identify.The test is whether in this particular case there is a realistic prospect of conviction, not whether half of all defendants are convicted.The suggestion that, by charging doctors with manslaughter, the CPS is somehow seeking some emotional satisfaction in retribution is self-evidently bizarre and entirely unsupported by any evidence.
Statins and outcomes in patients with pneumonia
Authors: Robert Nipah
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How doctors' anonymity in family courts is under threat Gornall is way out of dateEditor-Gornall is embarrassingly out of date in his detailed analysis of the B case (which was dealt with by the family courts nearly three years ago), and its relevance to proposed changes in the law to make the English family court system more transparent. 1 Since then, notwithstanding the ever increasingly exaggerated claims from some quarters that opening the family courts would harm children and deter court experts, the courts themselves are acknowledging the need for English family courts to do their business in the more transparent way that courts in Canada, Australia, and of course Scotland have done without apparent difficulty for years.Several High Court judgments have recorded judicial support for more openness to increase public confidence, and Gornall fails to mention that the president and many of his senior judges are in favour of change in this direction.In a landmark case which was decided on 3 November, Munby J agreed that an ongoing case where parents dispute expert evidence that they injured their child should be open to the media.The local authority concerned issued a "position statement" to the press and the reporting in the Times, Guardian, and the Mail on Sunday set out both sides' cases, as did the broadcasting media.A BBC "Real Story" programme on the case allowed a senior official from the local authority ample time to put their case.No vilification of any experts involved was reported.It is likely that more judges will follow Munby J's example and more public interest cases will be opened to the media pending any change in the law.Will the skies fall in?I doubt it, but your readers can judge for themselves.Hopefully they will understand that in complex childcare cases where expert evidence may be tenuous and the stakes for children are very high, public debate can stimulate awareness of the problems faced by all professionals involved in child protection.It's difficult getting the balance right, but doing it in secret doesn't help.
Cardiac Function in Renal Failure
Authors: M.A. MIR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1977Cardiac Function in Renal FailureM.A. MIR, K.C. HEARNM.A. MIRSearch for more papers by this author, K.C. HEARNSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-4-495_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Capelli and Kasparian (1) have provided an interesting contribution to our understanding of a rather neglected topic; namely, cardiac function in end-stage renal disease. The data that they have supplied support their statement that their patients had an increased left ventricular work load, but in some patients they admit discrepancy between clinical congestive cardiac failure and relatively normal indices of left ventricular function (Table 2). This is a problem in which we have been interested and we have recently made a noninvasive study of left ventricular function in 8 patients with end-stage renal disease and clinical congestive...References1. CAPELLIKASPARIAN JH: Cardiac work demands and left ventricular function is end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 86:261-267, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WIGLELABROSSE EC: Sudden severe aortic insufficiency. Circulation 32:708-720, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Department of Cardiology Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester M13 9WL England PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1977Volume 87, Issue 4Page: 495-495KeywordsHeart diseasesHeart failureRenal failure Issue Published: 1 October 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
869-4 Sex disparities in the treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Andra L Blomkalns, L.Kristin Newby, Anita Chen, Eric D Peterson, Kelly Trynosky, Deborah Diercks, William E Boden, Matthew T Roe, E.Magnus Ohman, W.Brian Gibler, Judith S Hochman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Lactate Dehydrogenase B Is Critical for Hyperactive mTOR-Mediated Tumorigenesis
Authors: Xiaojun Zha, Fang Wang, Ying Wang, Shaozong He, Yanling Jing, Xueyan Wu, Hongbing Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major downstream effector of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)–phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1 (AKT) signaling pathway. Although this signaling network is frequently altered in cancer, the underlying mechanisms that cause tumorigenesis as a result of activated mTOR remain largely unknown. We report here that expression of lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), a critical enzymatic activator of glycolysis, was upregulated in an mTOR-dependent manner in TSC1−/−, TSC2−/−, PTEN−/−, or activated AKT1-expressing mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). LDHB gene expression was transactivated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a key tumorigenic driver in many cancers, acting as a downstream mTOR effector in both mouse MEFs and human cancer cells. LDHB attenuation blunted the tumorigenic potential of oncogenic TSC2-null cells in nude mice. We concluded that LDHB is a downstream target of mTOR that is critical for oncogenic mTOR-mediated tumorigenesis. Our findings offer proof of concept for targeting LDHB as a therapeutic strategy in cancers driven by aberrant activation of the RTK-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling cascade. Cancer Res; 71(1); 13–8. ©2011 AACR.
Response to De Jonghe et al.: Prognostication of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest: standardization of neurological examination conditions is needed
Authors: M. J. A. Kamps, J. Horn, M. Oddo, J. E. Fugate, C. Storm, T. Cronberg, O. Wu, J. M. Binnekade, C. W. E. Hoedemaekers
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Engaging Heroin Addicts in Treatment
Authors: JOHN A. RENNER, MARK L. RUBIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors suggest that an unselected group of addicts can be engaged in treatment and that a successful outpatient methadone detoxification program can be carried out in a general hospital psychiatric emergency clinic. However, it requires a structured program, interested and trained staff members who are available on a daily basis (including some paraprofessionals), and a responsible senior staff member who can run the program, set necessary limits, and provide support for the other staff members. Such a program must be seen as only the beginning of a long-term therapeutic effort for addicts and is clearly most successful with addicts who can be reached at an early stage in their addiction.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL AND THEIR COMPLICATIONS.Read before the Missouri State Medical Society in convention at Lebanon, Mo., May 16,1894.
Authors: PAUL PAQUIN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The diseases of the alimentary canal may be divided into two general classes: The primary and the symptomatic; the primary, in its turn, may be subdivided into specific and non-specific affections. The symptomatic include a variety of morbid conditions too numerous to enumerate. It is my purpose in this paper to make a few general remarks on the morbid conditions in general which affect the alimentary canal, and the complications which are frequently noticed in connection with them. The primary diseases of the digestive apparatus under the two subdivisions just mentioned include everything, from such serious specific maladies as cancer, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, cholera, etc., to those often confused conditions considered more simple, as indigestion, dyspepsia, etc. I do not wish to be understood, however, in making this classification of the primary diseases of the alimentary canal, that all the diseases usually listed under the title of non-specific, are such
The Nucleic Acid Content of Bone-marrow Cells in Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: H. Brebner, J. F. Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MYCOTIC ANEURYSMand media in places, so that there was only thickened intima between the tuberculous tissue and the lumen of the aorta.In view of these findings we consider that this patient had a mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta of the extra- vascular erosive type, the tuberculous disease in the lymph nodes having destroyed the adventitia and media of the aorta so that an aneurysm resulted.Aortography performed one month after operation showed that there was good filling of the aorta, the orlon prosthesis, and the iliac arteries (Fig. 2).The patient has returned to work in his city office.Fio.2.-Post-operative aortogram showing the orlon cloth pros- thesis in position. Previous Reported CasesIn 1913 Haythorn reviewed the literature on tuberculosis of arteries and reported finding only one record of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta due to erosion of the arterial wall by tuberculous granulation tissue.Since then occasional cases have been reported, and by 1933 Gellerstedt and Safwenberg were able to collect 21 cases of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta due to erosion by tuberculous granu- lation tissue.The literature since 1933 contains reports of two more cases (Owens and Bass, 1944; Scott, Maxwell, and Grimes 1949), so it appears that, including our patient, only 24 cases of tuberculous mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta have been recorded.Also, as the other reports were based upon material obtained at necropsy, ours is the first record of the diagnosis of this lesion with the subsequent recovery of the patient.Summary A case is reported of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta due to erosion of the aortic wall by tuberculous granulation tissue from caseating abdominal lymph nodes.Treatment, which included resection of the aneurysm followed by reconstruction of the aorta with a prosthesis of orlon cloth, has enabled the patient to return to work.Of 23 such cases previously reported in the literature, all were fatal.REFERENCES
The Settlement at Anse au- Meadow
Authors: Edward S. Petersen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I wish to gently protest the statement in the article "Medical Notes on Columbus's First Trip to America" by Dr Cesar A. Lopez (236:1598, 1976) that Natividad was "the first settlement in the New World." While some may argue that Greenland is not in the New World, and hence the Celtic and Icelandic settlements of around 950 AD do not count, the Viking settlement at Anse au Meadow, Newfoundland, carbondated around 1,000 AD, should not be overlooked. I wish to establish my unbiased credentials by indicating that I am not of Norwegian but rather of Frisian descent, and that the Frisians' only involvement during the early explorations of the New World was that one of them was along with Leif Erickson as a slave. He was the one who discovered the grapes in Vinland.
Farnesyltransferase inhibitor BMS-214662 induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: I Marzo, P Pérez-Galán, P Giraldo, N López-Royuela, M Gómez-Benito, L Larrad, P Lasierra, D Rubio-Félix, A Anel, J Naval
Journal: Leukemia (2004)