tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemical Models Important in Understanding the Ways in Which Chromate Can Damage DNA
Authors: Paul O'Brien, Andreas Kortenkamp
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Chromate is an established human carcinogen.There have been many studies of the reactivity of chromate aimed at improving understanding of chromate toxicity.In the present paper a number of conclusions of these studies are reviewed and considered in the light of new results obtained in our laboratories.A number of hypotheses are considered; it is concluded, however, that it is impossible to reconcile the generation of strand breaks by chromate during its reduction by glutathione with any simple mechanism involving the generation of DNA lesions by free hydroxyl radicals.Kinetic, spin-trapping, and competition kinetic studies, based on a strand-breaking assay, are reported in support of this conclusion.-
Participation of endogenous catecholamines in the regulation of left ventricular mass in progeny of hypertensive parents.
Authors: B Trimarco, B Ricciardelli, N De Luca, A De Simone, A Cuocolo, M D Galva, G B Picotti, M Condorelli
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To investigate whether adrenergic activity is a determinant of left ventricular hypertrophy in human hypertension, in each of 10 normotensive subjects with two hypertensive parents we have examined the relationship between changes in echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular anatomy and those in circulating catecholamine levels induced by three, 3 week periods of different sodium and potassium intakes. A high sodium-normal potassium regimen induced a significant reduction in upright plasma norepinephrine (from 599 +/- 89 to 379 +/- 45 pg/ml, p less than .01) and in posterior wall (PWT) and interventricular septal (IVST) thickness, as well as in the left ventricular mass index (LVMi). Changes in upright plasma norepinephrine concentrations correlated with those in IVST (r = .822, p less than .01) and in LVMi (r = .833, p less than .01). A low sodium-normal potassium diet resulted in increases in supine and upright plasma norepinephrine levels (from 356 +/- 44 to 488 +/- 89 pg/ml, p less than .001; and from 565 +/- 42 to 744 +/- 33 pg/ml, p less than .01) as well as increases in IVST and LVMi (from 97 +/- 7 to 107 +/- 7 g/m2, p less than .001). The changes in norepinephrine levels in supine and upright subjects correlated with changes in IVST (r = .836, p less than .01 and r = .796, p less than .01) and in LVMi (r = .931, p less than .001 and r = .947, p less than .001). No significant change in plasma catecholamine concentrations or in PWT, IVST, or LVMi was detected after a low sodium-high potassium regimen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reducing publication bias.
Authors: P Easterbrook
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a cdc2-related kinase expressed in postmitotic neurons, is activated by association with a brain-specific activator, p35. It has been suggested that the conversion of p35 to p25 by the protease calpain is involved in neuronal cell death. However, p35 protein is turned over rapidly via proteasomal degradation in living neurons. In this study we show that the phosphorylation of p35 by Cdk5 suppresses the cleavage to p25 by calpain, whereas phosphorylation facilitates the proteasomal degradation of p35. The phosphorylation site in p35 that might be involved in preventing calpain cleavage was distinct from the phosphorylation site involved in facilitating proteasomal degradation. A phosphorylated form of p35 that was resistant to cleavage by calpain was more prevalent in the fetal brain, whereas the unphosphorylated form of p35 occurred in the adult brain. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of p35 serves as a protective mechanism that suppresses the generation of p25 in developing brains.
Tetracycline for Acne
Authors: George P. Highland
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have encountered two patients who have exhibited increased serum bilirubin levels that appear to be associated with tetracycline therapy of acne. The first was a 14-year-old girl whose bilirubin value was 2.4 mg/100 ml. All other liver function tests were within normal limits. The tetracycline therapy was discontinued, and the serum bilirubin returned to normal levels within three weeks. Tetracycline therapy was reinstituted, and within ten days, the serum bilirubin level was again elevated (1.8 mg/100 ml). This cycle was repeated twice more, with the same results. Subsequently, the girl received courses of therapy with clindamycin, erythromycin, and a sulfone; each time, the serum bilirubin level increased until the antibiotic therapy was discontinued. The highest level reached was 4.2 mg/100 ml, during the sulfone therapy. The second patient was a 17-yearold who, on his initial visit, had a serum bilirubin level of 4.7 mg/100 ml. On
ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY DISSECTION AFTER PERCUTANOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY &amp;sim;COMPARISON WITH INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND&amp;sim;
Authors: Nobuhiko Maejima, Kiyoshi Hibi, Kenichiro Saka, Mitsuaki Endo, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Extracranial–Intracranial Arterial Bypass Study
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

ON November 7, 1985, the Journal published the results of a randomized trial of extracranial–intracranial (EC–IC) arterial bypass surgery to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease of the internal carotid artery. 1 , 2 The trial was a major international effort, involving 71 neurosurgical centers all over the world and 1377 patients who were randomly assigned to medical or surgical treatment and followed for an average of more than 4 1/2 years. The study took eight years to complete and cost the U.S. National Institutes of Health (the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke), . . .
Abstract 2482: Effect of L-isoleucine and L-leucine at early stage of rat bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: Akihiro Kanagawa, Xiaoli Xie, Shyotaro Yamano, Min Wei, Hideki Wanibuchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We previously demonstrated the promotion effects of L-isoleucine and L-leucine on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN)-induced rat bladder carcinogenesis when supplemented in AIN-93G diet in a 29-week bioassay. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the promotion effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of L-isoleucine and L-leucine at early stage of rat bladder carcinogenesis. In experiment 1, rats were fed AIN-93G basal diet, 2% L-leucine or L-isoleucine in basal diet for 2 weeks. In experiment 2, rats were administered 0.05% BBN in drinking water for the first 2 weeks, and then fed basal diet, 2% L-leucine or L-isoleucine diet for 4 weeks. No treatment-related histopathologic changes in bladder were observed in both experiments. There were also no differences in proliferative activities and expressions of 12 genes that were previously found to be up-regulated in BBN-treated bladder urothelium from week 2 between basal diet group and L-leucine or L-isoleucine group regardless of BBN initiation. These findings indicated the possibility of lack of effects of L-isoleucine and L-leucine at early stage of rat bladder carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2482.
Correction: Drugs and Renal Failure
Authors: WILLIAM A. CORNELIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1977Correction: Drugs and Renal FailureWILLIAM A. CORNELIS, PHARM.D.WILLIAM A. CORNELIS, PHARM.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-638_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Bennett and co-authors (Ann Intern Med 86:754-783, 1977) provides an exhaustive literature review of drug dosing in the presence of renal failure. However, the paper contains two erroneous statements.The authors state that any drug dose used with normal renal function would need to be divided by the ratio of the normal half-life to the observed biological (renally impaired) half-life to find the dose in renal failure. They further state that any interval between drug doses used in patients with normal renal function would be multiplied by the ratio of the normal half-life to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM A. CORNELIS, PHARM.D.Affiliations: Department of Pharmaceutical Services Hutzel Hospital Detroit, MI 48201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5Page: 638-638KeywordsDrugsHalf lifeRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
CONGENITAL PYLORIC STENOSIS IN ADULT LIFE
Authors: BURRILL B. CROHN
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The present conception of congenital pyloric stenosis is that of a disease of infancy, the symptoms of which occur soon after birth and are limited in time to the first few months or, occasionally, years of childhood. Much as the subject matter has been discussed and studied by pediatricians and surgeons, little regard has been paid to the fact that cases treated medically and relieved of symptoms might possibly carry over into adult life. The case reported here seems, in the nature of the facts and the sequence of events, to be a rather unusual illustration of this possibility. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A woman, aged 45, a nurse in the government employ, had had symptoms of epigastric pain and vomiting practically all her life, the manifestations of her complaints having been markedly exaggerated in the last five months. In her past history there were few relevant facts. She sustained
Release of a Prostaglandin E-Like Substance from Canine Kidney by Bradykinin
Authors: John C. McGiff, Norberto A. Terragno, K. U. Malik, Andrew J. Lonigro
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Renal vasodilation produced by two dissimilar vasodepressor polypeptides, bradykinin and eledoisin, was correlated with changes in renal venous concentrations of substances having the properties of prostaglandins of the E and F series in anesthetized dogs. Samples of renal venous blood were extracted for acidic lipids, and the prostaglandin E and prostaglandin F zones of the chromatographed extracts were eluted and assayed in vitro for prostaglandins of the E and F series by a parallel bioassay system (sensitivity 0.015 ng/ml blood). During the first 2 minutes of infusion, bradykinin increased the concentration of a prostaglandin E-like substance in renal venous blood from a mean control level of 0.16 ng/ml to 1.05 ng/ml ( P &lt;0.01); this increase occurred simultaneously with the greatest increase in renal blood flow to 432 ml/min from a control value of 282 ml/min. After 12 minutes of bradykinin infusion, the concentration of the prostaglandin E-like substance had decreased to 0.30 ng/ml, and renal blood flow had fallen to 398 ml/min. In contrast, eledoisin infused in equidilator doses did not increase the concentration of the prostaglandin E-like substance. The concentration of prostaglandin F-like substances was not affected by either polypeptide. A transient increase in urine flow occurred during the first 2 minutes of bradykinin infusion only. These results suggest that a prostaglandin E-like substance participates in the renal vasodilator and the diuretic responses to bradykinin.
Mycoplasma Superantigen Is a CDR3-dependent Ligand for the T Cell Antigen Receptor
Authors: Andrew S. Hodtsev, Yongwon Choi, Eugenia Spanopoulou, David N. Posnett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Superantigens are defined as proteins that activate a large number of T cells through interaction with the Vβ region of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). Here we demonstrate that the superantigen produced by Mycoplasma arthritidis (MAM), unlike six bacterial superantigens tested, interacts not only with the Vβ region but also with the CDR3 (third complementarity-determining region) of TCR-β. Although MAM shares typical features with other superantigens, direct interaction with CDR3-β is a feature of nominal peptide antigens situated in the antigen groove of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules rather than superantigens. During peptide recognition, Vβ and Vα domains of the TCR form contacts with MHC and the complex is stabilized by CDR3–peptide interactions. Similarly, recognition of MAM is Vβ-dependent and is apparently stabilized by direct contacts with the CDR3-β region. Thus, MAM represents a new type of ligand for TCR, distinct from both conventional peptide antigens and other known superantigens.
CURRENT TRENDS IN MILITARY NEUROPSYCHIATRY
Authors: MALCOLM J. FARRELL, JOHN W. APPEL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

In pursuing these policies of prevention and treatment, many difficulties remain. Perhaps the most outstanding is the widespread misconception regarding the whole subject of mental health in the mind not only of military personnel but of the civilian public, the family back home, and the public press. It is generally recognized that the concept of physical health covers a wide range of conditions ranging from a light head cold on down to terminal lobar pneumonia. Mental health, on the other hand, has been regarded as being black or white. Either a man was insane or he was completely normal. The possibility has not been considered that there might be anything in between. Actually, of course, mental health just as physical health ranges all the way from bad to good. A man may have minor temporary mental ill health just as he may have a head cold. Mental disorders may be acute or chronic, severe or mild; just as a man may have simultaneously a broken leg and the grippe he may have an acute anxiety neurosis superimposed on a psychopathic personality or an organic condition. A great deal of the confusion has arisen on the basis of terminology and semantics. Any word beginning with the letters "psy," to the average mind, suggests something mysterious and alarming: insanity, perversion, homicidal tendencies. Many laymen become frightened and resentful when a psychiatrist applies a medical term to conditions they were used to recognizing as a "case of the jitters" or "gone stale" or "nervousness." It is difficult for laymen to realize that when a case of the jitters is sufficiently serious to incapacitate a man or produce insomnia and indigestion, a psychiatrist may call it pstchoneurosis and yet not mean anything more serious than was meant by the layman who called it the jitters. Actually, of course, the problem extends further than this. The question arises whether present psychiatric terminology was designed to cover the entire range of mental health. Is it perhaps necessary to devise a new set of diagnostic terms to cover the range of acute transitory psychiatric disturbances which occur in "normal" individuals in reaction to abnormal stress? In conclusion, it may be said that the problems of mental health in this war have presented a major challenge to psychiatrists. To meet this challenge it was necessary to revise concepts and to approach problems with new viewpoints—it was necessary to shift attention from problems of the abnormal mind in normal times to problems of the normal mind in abnormal times.
Contempo '81. Hematology
Authors: E. Beutler
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>The Cure of Acute Leukemia in Adults: Beginnings</h3> In the summer of 1927, a 49-year-old businessman from New York consulted Dr W. Gloor, in Naegeli's Clinic in Zürich, Switzerland. He had typical acute leukemia with a WBC count of 102,400/cu mm, with 93% myeloblasts. Bleeding, fever, and splenomegaly rounded out his clinical picture. Treated with the relatively crude, ineffective agents available at the time—radiation, arsenic, and mesothorium—his illness took a surprising turn. The leukemia disappeared and the businessman returned home. On a return visit to Switzerland a year later, he was free of disease.<sup>1</sup>One might imagine that this striking therapeutic success firmly established the young physician's reputation. But alas, this was not the case. The experts of the time could conclude only that he had made a mistake in diagnosis, and Dr Gloor left the university to practice at a hospital in a small canton. Until recently, our
Should Practice Parameters Be the Standard of Care in Malpractice Litigation?
Authors: Edward B. Hirshfeld
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Caring for Jewish Patients
Authors: S. Dosani
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Joseph Spitzer Radcliffe Medical Press, £24.95, pp 232 ISBN 1 85775 991 5 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> A patient looks down and makes poor eye contact. Could he be embarrassed, worried, or depressed? Caring for Jewish Patients offers an alternative explanation: orthodox Jewish patients may avoid eye contact with a doctor of the opposite sex. Author Joseph Spitzer is an orthodox Jew. He is also a general practitioner in Stamford Hill, north London, home to Europe's largest … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Radionuclide Imaging in Primary Permanent Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: JEAN VERELST, JEAN-PIERRE CHANOINE, FRANÇOIS DELANGE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Thyroid scintigraphy was performed in 69 consecutive infants with permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) detected by systematic neonatal thyroid screening using a rectilinear scanner or a gamma camera 15 minutes after the intravenous injection of 250 μCi Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate, immediately after the infants were fed. Immobilization of the infant in a supine position with the neck in hyperextension was achieved by a vacuum cushion without any sedation. Thyroid scintigraphy showed thyroid ectopia in 43 of the 69 CH infants, thyroid agenesis in 19, and goiter in the last 7 infants, respectively. The images were easily interpretable in all cases, even in very small ectopic glands in the lingual area, as there was no interference with extra-thyroidal uptake of the tracer, especially by the salivary glands. Our experience indicates that thyroid scintigraphy in the CH newborns can be performed immediately at the time of diagnosis of CH without technical difficulties. As thyroid scintigraphy is the only procedure allowing the distinction between thyroid agenesis and ectopia, and as the neurointellectual prognosis might be lower in the former than in the latter situation, thyroid scintigraphy in CH newborns contributes not only to the diagnosis but also the prognosis of the disorder.
GLIPR1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Expressed by Adenoviral Vector as Neoadjuvant Intraprostatic Injection for Localized Intermediate or High-Risk Prostate Cancer Preceding Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Guru Sonpavde, Timothy C. Thompson, Rajul K. Jain, Gustavo E. Ayala, Shinji Kurosaka, Kohei Edamura, Ken-ichi Tabata, Chengzhen Ren, Alexei A. Goltsov, Martha P. Mims, Teresa G. Hayes, Michael M. Ittmann, Thomas M. Wheeler, Adrian Gee, Brian J. Miles, Dov Kadmon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

GLIPR1 is upregulated by p53 in prostate cancer cells and has preclinical antitumor activity. A phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and activity of the neoadjuvant intraprostatic injection of GLIPR1 expressing adenovirus for intermediate or high-risk localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy (RP).Eligible men had localized prostate cancer (T1-T2c) with Gleason score greater than or equal to 7 or prostate-specific antigen 10 ng/mL or more and were candidates for RP. Patients received the adenoviral vector expressing the GLIPR1 gene by a single injection into the prostate followed four weeks later by RP. Six viral particle (vp) dose levels were evaluated: 10(10), 5 × 10(10), 10(11), 5 × 10(11), 10(12), and 5 × 10(12) vp.Nineteen patients with a median age of 64 years were recruited. Nine men had T1c, 4 had T2a, and 3 had T2b and T2c clinical stage. Toxicities included urinary tract infection (n = 3), flu-like syndrome (n = 3), fever (n = 1), dysuria (n = 1), and photophobia (n = 1). Laboratory toxicities were grade 1 elevated AST/ALT (n = 1) and elevations of PTT (n = 3, with 1 proven to be lupus anticoagulant). No pathologic complete remission was seen. Morphologic cytotoxic activity, induction of apoptosis, and nuclear p27(Kip1) upregulation were observed. Peripheral blood CD8(+), CD4(+), and CD3(+) T-lymphocytes were increased, with upregulation of their HLA-DR expression and elevations of serum IL-12.The intraprostatic administration of GLIPR1 tumor suppressor gene expressed by an adenoviral vector was safe in men, with localized intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer preceding RP. Preliminary evidence of biologic antitumor activity and systemic immune response was documented.
Low stroke rates during carotid artery stenting with neuroprotection
Authors: Gishel New, Gary S. Roubin, Sriram S. Iyer, Roxana Mehran, Yuliya G. Adamyan, Christina Brennan, George Dangas, Monica Losquadro, Michael Guiry, Palawi Kumar, Jiri J. Vitek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Taking simvastatin in the morning compared with in the evening: randomised controlled trial
Authors: A. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Statins are widely prescribed for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.They act by inhibiting the enzyme HMG CoA reductase, which controls synthesis of cholesterol in the liver.Most manufacturers of statins recommend that they are taken at night, on the basis of physiological studies which show that most cholesterol is synthesised when dietary intake is at its lowest. 1 One small clinical trial found that taking smaller doses of simvastatin than are used in treatment, in the morning, was less efficient. 2However, a trial using atorvastatin found no significant difference in cholesterol concentrations between patients taking the statin in the morning and those taking it in the evening. 3 Doubt has been cast on whether statins need to be taken at night, 4 particularly as many patients also receive treatment with other cardioprotective drugs and compliance may be compromised by multiple dosing. 5We determined whether taking simvastatin in the morning had significantly different efficiency from taking it in the evening, by measuring cholesterol concentrations in fasting patients' serum.