tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug companies expected to get more leeway in communicating with patients in Europe
Authors: Anna Sayburn
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An initiative from the World Health Organization has been launched to make drugs as simply and safely available to children as they are to adults.Speaking last week at the launch in London, WHO's assistant director general, Howard Zucker, said that "there is a gap between the availability of children's medicines and the actual need.That gap is global and must be addressed."The problem is not new."It's a reality we've lived with for many years," Dr Zucker admitted.Most drugs are developed for and tested in adults.Less than a third come in a form appropriate for children.As a result, many children are treated using drugs that are effectively unlicensed.Medical staff may be obliged to estimate the appropriate fraction of an adult dose, and then crush tablets or extract part of the contents of a capsule.One study by WHO has shown that drug errors are three times as common in children as in adults (JAMA 2001;285:2114-20).Unicef claims that of the 10 million under 5s who will have died by the end of this year, specific products for children could have saved two thirds.Hans Hogerzeil, WHO's director of drugs policy and standards, listed areas in which more effort is needed, in which drugs do exist but were of unknown safety and efficacy.Examples include agents for dealing with tuberculosis; HIV; and several neglected conditions, such as schistosomiasis.Development is essential in areas in which adult drugs need to be adapted to make them suitable and safe for children.Illnesses in this category include malaria, neonatal infections that could be treated by antibiotics, and tuberculosis.Finally, said Dr Hogerzeil, improved access is the priority where drugs exist but are prevented from reaching the children who needed them because of cost."Make medicines child size" is at www.who.int/childmedicines/en. WHO launches� campaign to make drugs� s�afer for childrenUK NEWS GMC approves change in the standard of proof, p 1230 World NEWS �d�� �a�� a��o�� dr�g co�panies to pro�ote off��a�e� �ses, p 122� �d�� �a�� a��o�� dr�g co�panies to pro�ote off��a�e� �ses, p 122� , p 122� ��j.co�Go�iath �oves into hea�thcare records Go�iath �oves into hea�thcare records
THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL UPON URINARY TOXICITY, AND ITS RELATION TO THE MEDICAL USE OF ALCOHOL.
Authors: J. H. KELLOGG
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The biologic test for the urine, perfected by Bouchard, is a most important addition to our means of studying disease processes in the body and the effects of various infectious and toxic agents upon the animal organism. Bouchard demonstrated what had previously been suspected, that urea is not the most important toxic agent of urine, although the most abundant excretory product. His researches demonstrated the fact that urea is only very slightly toxic in character, and that it, in fact, serves a very important and useful rôle in the economy by stimulating renal activity, acting thus as a true physiologic diuretic. The experiments of Bouchard and Rogers have shown very clearly that the urine contains more than half a dozen toxic agents, most of which are far more important in character than urea. Urea is, however, a useful measure of these agents under ordinary circumstances, that is, when the urine
Gene therapy by transforming growth factor-β receptor-IgG Fc chimera suppressed extracellular matrix accumulation in experimental glomerulonephritis
Authors: Yoshitaka Isaka, Yoshitaka Akagi, Yutaka Ando, Michiko Tsujie, Tetsuo Sudo, Noriko Ohno, Wayne A. Border, Nancy A. Noble, Yasufumi Kaneda, Masatsugu Hori, Enyu Imai
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Abstract 2156: c-Myb promotes growth, invasion and androgen-independence of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Arun Bhardwaj, Seema Singh, Eddie Reed, William Grizzle, Ajay P. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Most prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with first line androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) initially exhibit a dramatic regression of the androgen-dependent (AD) cancer cells; however, the tumors eventually progress to an androgen-independent (AI) stage. The resulting hormone-refractory tumors are highly aggressive and resistant to conventional therapies. The causal mechanisms for such a transition remain largely unknown; however, a number of genetic and epigenetic alterations are believed to be involved in the process of AI progression of PCa. In an earlier study, c-Myb was identified among the genes that are amplified at higher frequency in hormone-refractory PCa. The c-Myb proto-oncogene is a cellular progenitor of v-Myb oncogenes, which encodes for a transcription factor and confers its oncogenic activity by regulating the expression of several target genes. In the present study, we have investigated the functional role of c-Myb in prostate cancer cells. Our data showed that c-Myb was overexpressed in AI (C4-2) PCa cells as compared to AD (LNCaP) PCa cells of the same genotypic lineage. Furthermore, we found that c-Myb was regulated by androgens in a biphasic manner and its expression correlated with the effect of androgens on prostate cancer cell growth. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated silencing of c-Myb in C4-2 cells reduced their growth, clonogenicity, motility and invasion, whereas its ectopic expression in LNCaP cells had opposite effects. Moreover, we observed that the overexpression of c-Myb in LNCaP and C4-2 cells was associated with their growth in androgen-depleted media, suggesting its role in androgen-independence. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated loss of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, vimentin, Slug, Snail, and Twist, and gain of epithelial marker, E-cadherin in c-Myb-silenced C4-2 cells. In contrast, c-Myb overexpressing LNCaP cells exhibited a loss of epithelial and gain of mesenchymal markers, thus indicating a role of c-Myb in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells. Altogether, our studies provide first experimental evidence for a functional role of c-Myb in altered growth, androgen-independence and malignant behavior of the prostate cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2156. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2156
Ackerman and del Regato's Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
Authors: Yeu-Tsu N. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The purpose of this authoritative book is to present to physicians, students, and specialists alike an integrated view of the various aspects of human cancer, including anatomy, epidemiology, pathology, clinical evolution, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The first four editions were under the coauthorship of L. V. Ackerman (pathologist) and J. A. del Regato (radiotherapist). In the current edition, all chapters have been thoroughly revised, and new chapters on chemotherapy and tumors of the CNS, as well as sections on the parathyroid gland and urethra have been added. The first six chapters are devoted to general subjects, and chapters 7 through 20 are organized according to systems or organs. This book has the most lucid and comprehensive coverage of cancers of the upper airway and digestive tract. Chapters 21 and 22 are devoted to Hodgkin's disease and leukemia, respectively. In general, the book has excellent illustrations of anatomy, lymphatic drainage, gross
Simvastatin reduces NF-$kappa;B activity in peripheral mononuclear and in plaque cells of rabbit atheroma more markedly than lipid lowering diet
Authors: Miguel Angel Hernández-Presa, Mónica Ortego, José Tuñón, José Luis Martín-Ventura, Sebastián Mas, Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio, César Aparicio, Luis Ortega, Juan Gómez-Gerique, Fernando Vivanco, Jesús Egido
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: To study whether simvastatin reduces inflammation in atherosclerosis beyond its hypolipidemic effects. Methods: Twenty-four rabbits with induced femoral injury and on an atherogenic diet were randomized to normolipidemic diet (n=9), or to continue the atherogenic diet while receiving simvastatin 5 mg/kg/day (n=9) or no treatment (n=6) for 4 weeks. Results: As compared with no treatment, the normolipidemic diet significantly reduced lipid levels, while simvastatin produced nonsignificant reductions. In spite of this, NF-κB binding activity in peripheral mononuclear cells was reduced in the simvastatin group [2,958±5,123 arbitrary units (a.u.)] as compared with no treatment (49,267±20,084 a.u.; P<0.05) and normolipidemic groups (41,492±15,876 a.u.; P<0.05) (electrophoretic mobility shift assay). NF-κB activity in the atherosclerotic lesions was also reduced by simvastatin as compared to nontreated animals (4,108±3,264 vs. 8,696±2,305 nuclei/mm2; P<0.05), while the normolipidemic diet induced only a nonsignificant diminution (P0.05) (Southwestern histochemistry). Similarly, simvastatin decreased macrophage infiltration (4.6±12 vs. 19±12% of area staining positive; P<0.05) and the expression of interleukin-8 (24±12 vs. 63±21%; P<0.05) and metalloproteinase-3 (16±3 vs. 42±28%; P<0.05) (immunohistochemistry), while the reduction achieved by normolipidemic diet in all these parameters was again nonsignificant (P0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that simvastatin reduces inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques and in blood mononuclear cells more than expected for the lipid reduction achieved.
Intrauterine Rubella Infection Following Immunization With Rubella Vaccine
Authors: Charles A. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A woman with no detectable rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody received rubella vaccine at three weeks of gestation. The pregnancy was terminated at eight weeks and rubella virus was recovered from decidua. The virus isolate stimulated high amounts of interferon and inhibited DNA synthesis in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes far less (53%) than did wild-type Ellis strain rubella virus (95%). Histologic changes seen in decidua were similar to those seen in gestational rubella.
Photosensitization of experimental hepatocellular carcinoma with protoporphyrin synthesized from administered δ-aminolevulinic acid: studies with cultured cells and implanted tumors
Authors: Norman G. Egger, James A. Schoenecker, William K. Gourley, Massoud Motamedi, Karl E. Anderson, Steven A. Weinman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
WHAT CAN THE SERVICES DO FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSION?
Authors: VICTOR C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

I have been asked and have reluctantly consented to briefly summarize what the medical services of the Army and of the Navy and of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service can do for the medical profession. I wish that this task had been assigned to someone more competent to speak on the subject than I. My knowledge of each of these services is limited and superficial, and undoubtedly I shall commit in this short talk many sins of omission. However, I am limited in time, and must speak without circumlocution. Each of these services has rendered more or less of value to the medical profession in the past, and the best prophecy of what will be done in the future is to be found in what has been done in the past. The work of William Beaumont, as an illustration of what may be done for the advancement of scientific
Narcotics, Pain, and Clear-Mindedness
Authors: Edward C. Dorsey
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It seems that persons inclined toward heavy narcotization of pain in terminal illness also tend to characterize opposition as obsession with an absurd fear of causing addiction. Addiction seems hardly the problem; rather, it is narcotics' immediate effect on clear-mindedness in a person whose dwindling moments render that highest use of the brain ineffably precious.
New EU drug safety committee ends national reporting of drug reactions
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The beginning of July saw the biggest change in the regulation of drugs for use in humans in the European Union since 1995, as new pharmacovigilance legislation came into force strengthening the system for monitoring the safety and benefit-risk balance of drugs.

Adopted by EU national governments and the European parliament in December 2010, the legislation created the new Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee, which will focus solely on assessment and communication of drug safety problems. It comprises national officials, independent scientific experts, and patients’ and healthcare professionals’ representatives and …
Effect of the hepatitis B virus HBx protein on integrin-mediated adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix
Authors: Enrique Lara-Pezzi, Pedro L. Majano, Maria Yáñez-Mó, Marta Gómez-Gonzalo, Marta Carretero, Ricardo Moreno-Otero, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid, Manuel López-Cabrera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Points: Safety of handling cytotoxic agents
Authors: R S Kingswell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

ever, urine osmolality depends-not only on secretion of antidiuretic hormone but also on the kidney's ability to respond.If the kidney's concentratmg ability haa been lost the urine will.bedilute irrespective of the level ofantidiuretic hormone, so the finding ofa dilute urne in this situation does not by itself permit any conclusion to be drawn about antidiuretic hormone secretion.Furthermore, if the kidney is insensitive.toantidiuretic hormone urine osmoLality conveys .noinformation on the setting of the osmostat, which can be assessed only by direct assay of antidiuretic hormoneas a function of serum osmolality Totally implantable vascular access for long.term chemotherapy Dr M F-McMULUN (Royal Victoria Hospital,eat BTl2 6BA) writes: Following the comments of MrA E Youngandcolleagues (7 tecember,-p 1608) I would like to draw attention to another advantage of.thePort-a-Cath.In this unit two patients have used the Hickdman -catheter as a means of attempted suicide, Both patients, young men, had Hickman catheters inserted for intensive chemotherapy, and both attempted suicide by-removing large quantities of blood through the catheter.Despite the problems of assessment, psychiarc disorders are.common among patients with cancer, 2 and cancercan increase the risk of suicide.3In both these patiepis the Hickman catheter,,which.the patients mpulated daily tb selves, was an easy means of access tao the circulatin.Perhaps the insertion of.a Port-a-Cath would have ayoided this complication.
Studies on Mono- and Diiodohistidine. II. CONGENITAL GOITROUS HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH THYROGLOBULIN DEFECT AND IODOHISTIDINE-RICH IODOALBUMIN PRODUCTION
Authors: J. C. Savoie, J. P. Massin, F. Savoie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Butanol-insoluble iodinated compounds in the urine of patients with congenital goiters have been generally regarded as iodopeptides. Monoiodohistidine (MIH) and diiodohistidine (DIH) were identified from the urine of four patients with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism. From radioiodine studies, 40-70% of the urinary radioactivity was in the iodide-free fraction from which about 40% was identified as MIH and DIH by crystallizations to a constant specific activity.
Wandering Spleen The Use of Decubitus Views during Hepatic Imaging
Authors: RICHARD L. BAJAKIAN, LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, CHRISTINE BUHLINGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

The diagnosis of wandering spleen by sulfur colloid imaging has previously been established by scan visualization of the spleen in an unusual location. These reports, however, have not actually demonstrated splenic movement during the examination, and occasionally have required serial studies following vigorous exercise. A case is presented in which anterior decubitus views documented splenic wandering due to laxity of the supporting ligaments.
Hepatitis B Antigen in Pleural Effusion and Ascitic Fluids
Authors: JEAN-PIERRE CAPRON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1977Hepatitis B Antigen in Pleural Effusion and Ascitic FluidsJEAN-PIERRE CAPRON, M.D., ARSENE PAPAZIAN, M.D., JEAN-LOUIS DUPAS, M.D., PHILIPPE DANIEL, M.D.JEAN-PIERRE CAPRON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ARSENE PAPAZIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JEAN-LOUIS DUPAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PHILIPPE DANIEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-5-633 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Merrill, Farris, and Rounds (Ann Intern Med 87:120, 1977) claimed to have isolated for the first time hepatitis B (HBs) antigen from a pleural effusion complicating a case of acute hepatitis. However two other cases of HBs antigen in pleural fluid have already been reported by De Flora and Forci (1) and Cocchi and Silenzi (2). Furthermore, since the authors did not give any details of the technique used to collect the pleural fluid, it is difficult to exclude the possibility of contamination of this fluid with HBs-positive blood. We wish to report the following case.A...References1. DE FLORAFORCI SF: Hepatitis B surface antigen in pleural fluid. Lancet 1:1269, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. COCCHISILENZI PM: Pleural effusion in HBS Ag-positive hepatitis. J Pediatr 89:329-330, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JEAN-PIERRE CAPRON, M.D.; ARSENE PAPAZIAN, M.D.; JEAN-LOUIS DUPAS, M.D.; PHILIPPE DANIEL, M.D.Affiliations: Clinique Médicale A Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Laboratoire de Virologie Faculté de Médecine 80 000-Amiens France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHepatitis B surface antigen in spinal fluid 1 November 1977Volume 87, Issue 5Page: 633-634KeywordsAntigensBloodHepatitis AHepatitis BPleural effusionSickle cell hemoglobin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Dr Doctor Calls Back-Reply
Authors: Howard J. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I'd like to thank Drs Balestra and Hug for their additions to the study of physicians' names. My own research turned up seven physicians named Hug and 14 named Kiss. I also found a bunch named Hope (29), Darling (27), Love (137), and Mensch (six). Given the current situation among our public officials, I was reassured that there are no physicians in the United States named Fondle, Feel, Nibble, or Flirt. Concerning Balestra's letter, not only do some physicians shoot from the hip, but others blast patients with shotgun therapy. Although I could not find anyone named Shotgun, there are 148 physicians named Rifleman, Gun, Cannon, and Beretta. I also found a physician named Derringer and was somewhat disappointed to learn that he is not a neonatologist. Finally, considering that there are over 300 physicians in the country named Moody, Huff, Cross, and Fury, I'm glad that none
Hemodynamic Effects of Artificial Pacing in Complete Heart Block Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: B. W. LASSERS, J. L. ANDERTON, M. GEORGE, A. L. MUIR, D. G. JULIAN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The hemodynamic changes associated with complete heart block complicating acute myocardial infarction and the effects of artificial pacing at various rates on these measurements were studied in 13 patients. Studies were performed on the first day of complete block in all patients and were repeated on subsequent days in six. With two exceptions cardiac output was increased by pacing. In patients paced at progressively increasing ventricular rates, the rate associated with the maximal cardiac output exceeded 100/min, with one exception. However, an adequate response usually occurred between 80 and 90/min. Stroke volume fell as the rate was increased with pacing in most patients, but rose in some, suggesting improved myocardial performance. Systemic blood pressure increased, and the change paralleled cardiac output changes fairly closely as pacing rates were increased. The blood pressure did not, however, reflect reliably the absolute level of cardiac output either in heart block or after the return of sinus rhythm. Systemic vascular resistance was high in most patients with low cardiac outputs and fell with pacing at maximal output rates. There was no consistent change in mean right atrial or mean pulmonary arterial pressure with pacing during the period of study. Tension time index was low in heart block, and increased considerably with pacing, implying a corresponding increase in myocardial oxygen requirements. Pacing improved signs of depressed mental function and poor skin circulation which were invariably associated with a severe reduction in cardiac output. These signs were found to be superior to heart rate and blood pressure in clinical evaluation of the adequacy of the cardiac output in heart block and the response to pacing.
THE GROWTH CURVE OF THE LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS IN MICE: THE EFFECT OF SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE AND METHIONINE SULFOXIMINE ON THE EARLY PHASE OF GROWTH OF THE VIRUS
Authors: John D. Ainslie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The early phase of growth of the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus in the mouse brain and cord was suppressed, or delayed, by the intraperitoneal administration of sodium monofluoroacetate in doses of 6 mg./kg. but not of 3 mg./kg. 1 hour before the intracerebral inoculation of virus. There was also a delay in the time at which the first signs of illness appeared in the treated mice. Similar effects, but to a lesser degree, were observed after the administration of DL-methionine sulfoximine in doses of 150 mg./kg. and 75 mg./kg. Sodium fluoroacetate in very high concentration had no direct effect in vitro on the infectivity of poliomyelitis virus. It was found that in each instance in which the growth of virus was delayed, the time at which the first obvious signs of illness appeared was also delayed in a proportionate manner. The significance of these findings is discussed, as well as the use of the growth curve of poliomyelitis virus in mice in studying the relation of cellular metabolism to viral synthesis and the search for effective chemical agents.
Old, new--worse, better?
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2011)

As the bill that will radically change the NHS in England goes through parliament, people are starting to worry about the detail—as a series of news stories shows.

One concern has always been that the loss of strategic health authorities would lead to a loss of rational planning. Drawing on experience in south east London, where the SHA had to step in to organise a major reconfiguration of acute services, a King’s Fund report argues that the new NHS Commissioning Board must have responsibility for strategic commissioning because GP consortiums cannot do it (doi:10.1136/bmj.d1355).

Yet others worry that the NHS Commissioning Board may end up being too powerful. …
A new orally available glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, biotinylated exendin-4, displays improved hypoglycemic effects in db/db mice
Authors: Cheng-Hao Jin, Su Young Chae, Sohee Son, Tae Hyung Kim, Key An Um, Yu Seok Youn, Seulki Lee, Kang Choon Lee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)