tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-160 Second Generation Photosensitiser based Photodynamic Therapy is Efficacious and Penetrates Tissue More Deeply than Radiofrequency and Cryo- Ablative Therapies, Offering Potential for More Invasive Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: M A Butt, E S Bloom, I Stamati, R J Haidry, D Oukrif, S-U-R Khan, H Pye, M Deonarain, G Yahioglu, L B Lovat
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to both treat gastrointestinal (GI) cancers and for palliation. PDT has been limited by poor penetration of the laser light used to activate it. In recent years, PDT has been replaced by other minimally invasive modalities such as radiofrequency- and cryo-ablation due to fewer side effects. However, these are limited to superficial cancers. Activation of 2nd generation photosensitisers (PS) such as Talaporfin by light in the near infrared enables deeper tumour penetration. Talaporfin is undergoing clinical trials in the US with encouraging data from phase 1 studies in oesophageal and biliary cancers. This study aimed to compare the potency of several other PS’s activated in the near infrared for GI tumours. <h3>Methods</h3> The cytotoxic efficacy of five chlorin based PS’s were evaluated against human oesophageal (OE19) and colon (HT29) cancer cell lines using a 670nm cold laser. Equivalent concentrations of PS were compared in the presence or absence of laser “light” activation. Power was set intentionally low at 0.33J/cm2 to highlight the efficacy of the PS’s. Cell viability was measured with standard MTT assay and the plates read on an Elisa plate reader at 490nm. The concentrations required to kill 50% of cells (IC50) were calculated, and the dose response curves in light and dark compared using linear regression analysis and F tests to show selectivity to those cells exposed to near infrared light. <h3>Results</h3> Cell viability counts in all plates were initially corrected for the untreated cell survival controls in the plate itself and then plotted on a log scale to produce dose response curves. This confirmed significantly cytotoxic efficacy in light vs dark for the PS’s PPa (p = 0.001, IC50 = 4.82 μM), PS1 (p = 0.03, IC50 = 24.8 μM) and CE6 (p = 0.001, IC50 = 75.8 μM) against OE19 cells, and PPa (p = 0.01, IC50 = 3.8 μM), PS4 (p = 0.02, IC50 = 4.5 μM) and CE6 (p = 0.0004, IC50 = 26.1 μM) against HT29 cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has shown these second generation chlorin-based photosensitisers to be effective against GI tract cancer cell lines. By virtue of being activated in the near infrared, they further offer deeper tissue penetration when compared with Porfimer sodium which is excited at 630 nm. Further quality control to GMP standards and evaluation in-vivo is required before these PS can be used. However when translated, they may provide more effective PDT in the clinic than current minimally invasive strategies for GI cancers, and offer therapy to more deeply infiltrating tumours. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
POSTVACCINATION TETANUS AND ITS PREVENTION
Authors: CHARLES ARMSTRONG
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Tetanus as a complication of vaccination against smallpox, while rare, has occasionally developed in the United States. During the past fourteen years cases have occurred in thirty-two states and in the District of Columbia. The complication, however, is almost unknown in Europe and the same condition appears to be true for other portions of the world, although so far as our information goes traumatic tetanus occurs everywhere. <h3>CHARACTER OF THE ATTACK</h3> The symptoms of postvaccination tetanus do not differ from those of severe traumatic tetanus. The onset is usually from eighteen to twenty-four days subsequent to the vaccination. The first symptoms noted may be difficulty in swallowing or in opening the jaws, or stiffness of the muscles of the back or limbs. Trismus, general spasticity, opisthotonos and generalized convulsions usually develop rapidly. From 75 to 80 per cent of the cases prove fatal, many of them within twenty-four hours from
The Drought and the Urban Water Supply
Authors: G. J. Symons
Journal: BMJ (1893)

ALTHOUGH the absolute drought ceased about the middle of May and the partial drought soon after, and although tor- rential rains of three inches and upwards in a few hours lhave fallen in some places, 1893 continues dry and beautiful.March to August lhave probably rarely had so little rain.The fol- lowing table shows that during the six months at the three stations there is only one case of the average being exceeded in any month, and even that was by less than a tenth of an inch.The table, moreover, shows that in London and Bod- min the total has been only just over half the average, and in Manchester only two-thirds of the average.It is therefore not surprising that in many towns and cities the supply of water is stinted, and even the reduced supply is maintained with difficulty.Ratnfall at Typical Stations during the Spring and Summer of 1893.
James Robert Clark
Authors: M. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Consultant physician Peel Hospital, Borders, 1960-79 (b Edinburgh 1918; q Edinburgh 1941; FRCP Ed), d 20 December 2001.

After qualifying, he worked as a locum in his uncle's practice in Oswestry. An attack of poliomyelitis precluded military service, and he became a clinical tutor at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Later he researched blood diseases at Edinburgh University and studied geriatrics in London, setting up an assessment and treatment unit in Galashiels on his return to Scotland. General medicine, however, was his main interest. An accomplished pianist, he spent many hours at the piano. He also enjoyed watching tennis and snooker, in the company of his favourite cat.
Plasma viscosity--a new appraisal of its use as an index of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M E Pickup, J S Dixon, C Hallett, H A Bird, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The suitability of the plasma viscosity (PV) test has been examined in relation to the more commonly used erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) estimations as a diagnostic aid in 120 outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and as an index of improvement during subsequent specific antirheumatic drug treatment (60 outpatients). Correlation data based on 7 clinical variables suggest that PV estimations are at least as reliable as ESR and CRP in terms of diagnosis and as indices of improvement. The methodological advantages offered by the PV test lend support to its application in RA.
Presentation of an Unrecognized Lymphoma as Esophageal Tumor
Authors: C.M. Weyand, J.J. Goronzy, H. Huchzermeyer
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Malignant lymphomas rarely cause symptomatic esophageal involvement. We describe a patient presenting with the typical clinical and radiological features of an esophageal tumor. Endoscopic findings suggested a malignant tumor different from a carcinoma. Histology and cytology of biopsies revealed a highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Interestingly, further staging procedures revealed a well-differentiated stage IV NHL. Thus, the esophageal tumor must be interpreted as a de-differentiated manifestation of an unrecognized lymphoma of low malignancy.
Opioid Doses and Increased Risk for Overdose
Authors: Michael Von Korff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters6 July 2010Opioid Doses and Increased Risk for OverdoseMichael Von Korff, ScD and Kate Dunn, PhDMichael Von Korff, ScDFrom Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, and Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author and Kate Dunn, PhDFrom Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, and Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-1-201007060-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Becker and colleagues and Drs. Nahata and Trinkley raise valuable points. Dr. Becker and colleagues note that the risk for adverse effects from opioids may differ depending on changes in intercurrent illness, particularly in older patients with many comorbid conditions. About 6% to 7% of all adults aged 65 years or older receive long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain (1). Remarkably little research has been done to evaluate risks and risk factors for adverse medical and behavioral effects in long-term opioid use, particularly in elderly patients. Possible adverse effects of opioids include serious fractures due to ...References1. Campbell CI, Weisner C, LeResche L, Ray T, Saunders K, Sullivan MD, et al. Age and sex trends in long-term opioid analgesic use for non-cancer pain. Am J Public Health. [Forthcoming]. Google Scholar2. Saunders KW, Dunn KM, Merrill JO, Sullivan M, Weisner C, Braden JB, et al. Relationship of opioid use and dosage levels to fractures in older chronic pain patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25:310-5. [PMID: 20049546] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Committee on the Safety of Medicines of the UK. Overdose risk prompts UK withdrawal of propoxyphene combination. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2006;20:49-50. [PMID: 17182507] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, and Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOpioid Prescriptions for Chronic Pain and Overdose Kate M. Dunn , Kathleen W. Saunders , Carolyn M. Rutter , Caleb J. Banta-Green , Joseph O. Merrill , Mark D. Sullivan , Constance M. Weisner , Michael J. Silverberg , Cynthia I. Campbell , Bruce M. Psaty , and Michael Von Korff Opioid Doses and Increased Risk for Overdose William C. Becker , David A. Fiellin , and Robert D. Kerns Opioid Doses and Increased Risk for Overdose Milap C. Nahata and Katy E. Trinkley Metrics 6 July 2010Volume 153, Issue 1Page: 59-60KeywordsCognitive impairmentConflicts of interestConstipationElderlyFallsMedical risk factorsOpioidsPneumoniaSafetyToxicity ePublished: 6 July 2010 Issue Published: 6 July 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A mutation in MYD88 (L265P) supports the survival of lymphoplasmacytic cells by activation of Bruton tyrosine kinase in Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Guang Yang, Yangsheng Zhou, Xia Liu, Lian Xu, Yang Cao, Robert J. Manning, Christopher J. Patterson, Sara J. Buhrlage, Nathanael Gray, Yu-Tzu Tai, Kenneth C. Anderson, Zachary R. Hunter, Steven P. Treon
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Basic Components of the Immune System
Authors: Gustav J.V. Nossal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

THE physician has difficulty in coming to grips with the basic concepts of immunology, and the reasons for this are partly historical. Most of the major medical specialties (e.g., cardiology, neurology, and gastroenterology) deal with organ systems that have been recognized for centuries as coherent. Immunology is concerned with cells and molecules spread throughout the body, the functional connections between which have been apparent for at most 40 years. As a result, the medical student picks up little pieces of immunologic knowledge from virtually every subject encountered throughout the curriculum, from zoology to psychiatry. Clinical immunologists seem to be a . . .
In vivo andin vitro expression of defective hepatitis B virus particles generated by spliced hepatitis B virus RNA
Authors: Olivier Rosmorduc, Marie-Anne Petit, Stanislas Pol, Francis Capel, Flavia Bortolotti, Pierre Berthelot, Christian Brechot, Dina Kremsdorf
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The mechanisms involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence are still poorly understood. We have previously shown that the encapsidation of the singly spliced 2.2 kb-HBV RNA leads to the secretion of circulating HBV defective particles in patients with chronic hepatitis. We have now investigated the presence of the HBV defective particles in sera from patients with acute and chronic hepatitis, using polymerase chain reaction. These defective particles were detected in a larger amount in sera of patients with acute hepatitis that progressed to chronic hepatitis, or had already developed chronic hepatitis, as compared with those who recovered from acute hepatitis (the increase was estimated to be an average of 50-fold). In addition, we showed that the presence of these defective HBV particles is closely associated with the chronic course of hepatitis B virus infection and with viral multiplication. We also analyzed viral RNAs and proteins synthetized after in vitro transfection of Huh7 cell line with the corresponding defective hepatitis B virus DNA molecule. We showed that expression of the defective hepatitis B virus DNA alone leads to a marked intracellular accumulation of the major core protein (HBcAg) and to an increased secretion of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). These observations may be consistent with a role of these defective hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles in viral persistence.
Increased guanylate cyclase activity is associated with an increase in cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in left ventricular hypertrophy.
Authors: J D Sadoff, P M Scholz, J Tse, H R Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) produced by aortic valve plication leads to increased myocardial cyclic GMP. We tested whether this was a result of increased soluble guanylate cyclase activity or nitric oxide (NO) synthase and its functional consequences. We used the nitric oxide donor 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) or the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in 12 control and 12 LVH anesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs. L-NAME (6 mg/kg) or SIN-1 (1 microgram/kg per min) was infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery and regional segment work and cyclic GMP levels were determined. In vitro myocardial guanylate cyclase sensitivity (0.43 +/- 0.04 to 0.28 +/- 0.04 mM [EC50]) and maximal activity (10.1 +/- 2.9 to 25.5 +/- 6.5 pmol/mg protein per min) were significantly increased in LVH as compared with control animals in response to nitroprusside stimulation, but cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase activity was similar. In LVH dogs, basal cyclic GMP was significantly elevated in vivo when compared with controls. Treatment of dogs with SIN-1 resulted in a significant increase in cyclic GMP in control (1.09 +/- 0.12 to 1.48 +/- 0.19 pmol/gram) and a greater increase in the LVH group (1.78 +/- 0.16 to 3.58 +/- 0.71 pmol/g). L-NAME had no effect on myocardial cyclic GMP levels in control or LVH dogs. Segment work decreased in the control group after SIN-1 (1,573 +/- 290 to 855 +/- 211 grams x mm/min). LVH dogs showed no decrement in work as a result of treatment with SIN-1. L-NAME did not cause significant changes in myocardial cyclic GMP, O2 consumption, or work in either control or LVH dogs, but vascular effects were evident. SIN-1 increased cyclic GMP, and with greater effect on LVH; however, this resulted in a decrement in function only in the control group. The greater increased cyclic GMP in LVH dogs is not related to increased NO production, but is related to significantly higher sensitivity and maximal activity of soluble myocardial guanylate cyclase.
Relations Between Physicians and Attorneys—Reply
Authors: Peter D. Jacobson, M. Gregg Bloche
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hafiz Ali Goes Home
Authors: H.J. Van Peenen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

On Being a Patient1 August 1998Hafiz Ali Goes HomeH.J. Van Peenen, MDH.J. Van Peenen, MDPonca City, OK 74604-2513Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-3-199808010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Dutch doctor had been with the ECWA hospital at Jos, Nigeria, for a long time, but he still had trouble deciding exactly when a patient would die. And that was always a problem with someone like Hafiz Ali.The doctor had admitted Hafiz Ali and grown fond of him, but he had not yet worked out the pathogenesis of his disease. The spleen, he could feel, was huge, too big for malaria in an adult. And there was a fever that might indeed have been malaria, but no organisms showed on a thick blood smear. Intravenous antibiotics seemed to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H.J. Van Peenen, MDAffiliations: Ponca City, OK 74604-2513Acknowledgment: The author thanks Drs. Steve and Jan Arrow-smith for providing ethnographic details.Corresponding Author: H.J. Van Peenen, MD, 1414 East Hartford, Unit #9, Ponca City, OK 74604-2513. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1998Volume 129, Issue 3Page: 249-251KeywordsFeversMalariaOilsPathogenesisRunningShouldersSpleenSweatTwinsUrine ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cardiorespiratory Problems in Severe Poliomyelitis Observed during the Recent Epidemic
Authors: Frank K. Austen, Jan Kogh-Weser, Richard A. Field
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

DURING the 1955 epidemic in Massachusetts more than 400 patients with poliomyelitis were hospitalized at the Massachusetts General Hospital. There were 74 adults requiring respirator management, with 17 fatal cases. Death in acute poliomyelitis that is not the result of obvious airway obstruction, ventilatory insufficiency or some other specific complication has been attributed to "circulatory collapse" secondary to involvement of the medullary vasomotor center1 , 2 and, less frequently, to "circulatory collapse" from myocarditis.3 The observations reported below appear to amend these concepts and suggest other possibilities and empirical methods of management.Presentation of the Clinical MaterialAn analysis of these 17 . . .
Outpatient Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: C. Richard Conti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

AS a clinical cardiologist who began performing coronary angiography in 1965, I am startled to observe the changes in technique, procedures, and attitudes about coronary angiography that have taken place since its inception. For example, in the early 1960s, patients were usually admitted two days before cardiac catheterization and were often kept in the hospital for up to a week after the procedure. In those days, of course, the majority of patients had severe angina as an indication for the procedure, and this clinical problem may have required a longer hospital stay.Today, many centers that perform large numbers of . . .
FUTURE PROVISION OF MEDICAL SERVICES: REPORT OF THE MEDICAL CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL FOR ENGLAND
Authors: C. Addison
Journal: BMJ (1920)

We are ilndebted to thle courtesy of the Chlairman of the Consultative Council for an advance copy, from which the following sketchl of its arguments and recommendations lhas been prepared.Tlle report itself fills 28 foolscap pages, and is illustrated by a diagram, a map, and plans showing designs for Primiiary Healtlh Centres of tllree types small, intermediate, and large.To illustrate the clharacter of thie schieme evolved by the Consultative Council we lhave reproduced a diagrammnatic sketclh given in tile report, shiowing the disposition of tlhe Primary Ceutres it proposes slhould be established, and tlleir relationi to a Secondary Centre, and, thlrouglh it, to a Teaching Hospital Centre.Facing this diagram we lhave printed the " Sunminary of Recommendations " con- tained in Section VII of tlle report. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND A PARTICULAR APPLICATION.The earlier part of tlle report points out that miedical treatment must be botlh individual and communal, and thiat individual treatmiient nmay be either domiciliary or insti- tutional.By cornmunal treatment is to be understood pre-lnatal and maternity care, clhild welfare, the inspection anld treatment of scllool childreni, dental treatmient, clinics for early tuberculosis, an,d facilities for physical culture.The general conception is that domiciliary treatment in eachi district should be based on a " Primiary Health Centre."This institution would be conducted by tlle general practitioners of the district, and would be pro- vided witlh an efficient nursing service.It would be linaked with a " ' Seconidary Health Centre " in some town con- veniently placed in relation to tlle means of communica- tion.Opportunities would be provided for consultation, eitlher at the primary centre or at tlle lhomes of tlle patients, with physicians, si-geons, and specialists of the secondary centre, which would itself be brouaht into corresponding relation with a miledical sclhool lhospital.The general nature of the scheme proposed is illustrated by reference to that for Gloucesterslhire, described by Dr. J. Middleton Martin, county medical officer of healtlh, in our columns of February 22nd, 1919, p. 218.The report states that the sclleme lhas been approved by thc county autlhorities, and by the autlhorities of the towns and lios- pitals, and that all the doctors in tlle county lhave agreed to the plan of service as framed.Detaiis are given of the application of the scheme to the area of wlicll tlle city of Gloucester is the centre.The area measures about thirty miles from nortlh to soutlh, and about twenty-four from
WNK4 regulates the balance between renal NaCl reabsorption and K+ secretion
Authors: Kristopher T Kahle, Frederick H Wilson, Qiang Leng, Maria D Lalioti, Anthony D O'Connell, Ke Dong, Alicia K Rapson, Gordon G MacGregor, Gerhard Giebisch, Steven C Hebert, Richard P Lifton
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)