tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NEUTRALIZATION TESTS WITH SERA OF CONVALESCENT OR IMMUNIZED ANIMALS AND THE VIRUSES OF SWINE AND HUMAN INFLUENZA
Authors: Thomas Francis, Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

Human and swine influenza viruses were regularly neutralized by their homologous immune sera. However, the sera of animals convalescent from infection with either the swine or human influenza virus possessed little, if any, neutralizing capacity for the heterologous virus. Hyperimmunization of animals against swine influenza virus tended to increase the neutralizing capacity of their sera for human influenza virus, but in an inconstant fashion, whereas repeated inoculations with human influenza virus frequently resulted in sera with strong neutralizing activities against swine influenza virus. These observations serve to emphasize both the immunological distinctiveness and the interrelationships of swine and human influenza viruses.
POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION
Authors: M. H. FINEBERG
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The increasing use of the sphygmomanometer in physical examinations has shown that elevation of the blood pressure is a common finding, especially in persons past middle age. Consequently, large numbers of patients with hypertension are seen by every medical practitioner; and since it has been estimated<sup>1</sup>that approximately 140,000 persons in the United States die each year from the consequences of high blood pressure, the problem of how to treat these patients assumes a good deal of importance. In the past, innumerable forms of therapy have been tried. These may be grouped under the heading of (<i>a</i>) general hygiene (including rest and relaxation); (<i>b</i>) dietetic measures; (<i>c</i>) physical agents, and (<i>d</i>) drugs. Thus far none of these measures have met with any real success. Recently, however, potassium thiocyanate has been hailed as the drug for reducing the blood pressure level. The thiocyanate ion [CNS—] was first used therapeutically in
Anabolic–Androgenic Steroids as a Gateway to Opioid Dependence
Authors: Drew Arvary, Harrison G. Pope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Athletes who abuse anabolic–androgenic steroids may go on to abuse opioid agonist–antagonists such as nalbuphine1–3 or even classic opioids such as heroin.2,3 We studied this phenomenon among patients treated at Sunrise House, a private inpatient facility for substance-dependence treatment in northern New Jersey. Among 227 men admitted for dependence on heroin or other opioids in 1999, we found that 21 (9.3 percent) had a history of anabolic–androgenic steroid use. In contrast, among 197 men admitted for opioid dependence in 1990, only 1 (0.5 percent) reported prior use of anabolic–androgenic steroids (P<0.001 by two-tailed Fisher's exact . . .
Propoxyphene (Darvon®) Addiction and Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: ROBERT C. WOLFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A 31-year-old woman with longstanding psychiatric difficulty was introduced to propoxyphene (Darvon®) by prescription after gynecologic surgery. She gradually developed a primary addiction and took an oral dose that at times reached 2,300 mg daily. She was hospitalized for drug withdrawal and initially maintained on 1,300 mg propoxyphene daily. Laboratory evaluation showed no evidence of chronic liver, kidney, or hematologic toxicity. Placebos were then substituted for the propoxyphene, and definite abstinence symptoms and signs occurred. These consisted of anorexia, rhinitis, and fatigue, followed by irritability and insomnia. Vomiting developed by the end of 48 hr of abstinence. Propoxyphene was then reinstituted, and within 24 hr the patient was asymptomatic. We conclude that tolerance and physical dependence to propoxyphene can occur.
SUBSTANTIAL ARTERIAL REPAIR OCCURS TWELVE-MONTH AFTER PACLITAXEL-COATED DRUG-ELUTING NITINOL STENT IMPLANTATION IN THE SUPERFICIAL FEMORAL ARTERY
Authors: Takayuki Ishihara, Osamu iida, Masaki Awata, Kiyonori Nanto, Tatsuya Shiraki, Masashi Fujita, Tetsuya Watanabe, Shin Okamoto, Yukika Mizukami, Takuma Iida, Takashi Kanda, Keisuke Okuno, Akihiro Sunaga, Takuya Tsujimura, Shinsuke Nanto, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Diagnostic Index of Clinical Practice
Authors: William F. Jessee
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The article by Cassell, A Diagnostic Index of Clinical Practice (237:663-667, 1977), is a superb example of a simple technique for maintaining an ongoing profile of a physician's office practice. However, I was disappointed that scarce mention was made of what may be one of the most valuable uses to which such a diagnostic index can be put. This simple method of developing a practice profile is a superb tool for identifying personal learning needs and maximizing the benefits of a personal continuing medical education program. Although Cassel directs his comments to the use of this index in subspecialty practice, such methods for recording diagnoses and problems and for keeping a running tabulation of diagnostic procedures, deaths, perplexing problems, and complaints are equally applicable to primary care or general practice. Periodic assessment of this personal index allows a physician to identify the kinds of patients that he
Randomised controlled trial of short term treatment to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Authors: S. W. Hosking, T. K. Ling, M. Y. Yung, A. Cheng, S. C. Chung, J. W. Leung, A. K. Li
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether one week9s drug treatment is sufficient to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer. DESIGN--Single blind, randomised controlled trial. SETTING--Specialised ulcer clinic in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS--155 patients with H pylori and a duodenal ulcer verified endoscopically which had either bled within the previous 24 hours or was causing dyspepsia. INTERVENTIONS--Patients were allocated randomly to receive either omeprazole for four weeks plus bismuth 120 mg, tetracycline 500 mg, and metronidazole 400 mg (all four times a day) for the first week (n = 78), or omeprazole alone for four weeks (n = 77). Further endoscopy was performed four weeks after cessation of all drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Presence or absence of H pylori (by urease testing, microscopy, and culture of antral biopsy specimens), duodenal ulcer, and side effects. RESULTS--Eradication of H pylori occurred in 70 (95%) patients taking the four drugs (95% confidence interval 86% to 97%) compared with three (4%) patients taking omeprazole alone (1% to 11%). Duodenal ulcers were found in four (5%) patients taking the four drugs (2% to 12%) and in 16 (22%) patients taking omeprazole alone (14% to 32%). Mild dizziness was the only reported side effect (six patients in each group) and did not affect compliance. CONCLUSIONS--A one week regimen of bismuth, tetracycline, and metronidazole is safe and effective in eradicating H pylori and reduces the number of duodenal ulcers four weeks after completing treatment.
Vaccinating healthy children against flu is cost effective, says committee
Authors: H. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2012)

All school age children in England and Wales could be vaccinated against influenza as early as 2014 to reduce the chances of the infection spreading, the immunisation advisory committee that reports to ministers has suggested.

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, which advises ministers in England and Wales, has said that extending the vaccination to low risk children aged 5 and older would confer additional herd immunity to more vulnerable people …
Rosiglitazone was noninferior to metformin plus sulfonylurea for CV events but increased risk for HF and fractures in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H, et al. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): a multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet. 2009;373:2125-35. 19501900
A Lysosomal Protein Negatively Regulates Surface T Cell Antigen Receptor Expression by Promoting CD3ζ-Chain Degradation
Authors: Rika Ouchida, Sho Yamasaki, Masaki Hikida, Keiji Masuda, Kiyoko Kawamura, Akihiko Wada, Shigenobu Mochizuki, Masatoshi Tagawa, Akemi Sakamoto, Masahiko Hatano, Takeshi Tokuhisa, Haruhiko Koseki, Takashi Saito, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Ji-Yang Wang
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Hyaluronan is synthesized by primitive hemopoietic cells, participates in their lodgment at the endosteum following transplantation, and is involved in the regulation of their proliferation and differentiation in vitro
Authors: Susan K. Nilsson, David N. Haylock, Hayley M. Johnston, Teresa Occhiodoro, Tracey J. Brown, Paul J. Simmons
Journal: Blood (2003)
Effect of ranitidine on basal and bicarbonate enhanced intragastric PCO2: a tonometric study.
Authors: J J Kolkman, A B Groeneveld, S G Meuwissen
Journal: Gut (1994)

A high intragastric PCO2 (iPCO2), determined tonometrically, is the main factor participating in a low gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) and may point to gastric mucosal ischaemia. iPCO2 might also increase, however, after buffering of gastric acid by bicarbonate; the magnitude of this effect and the efficacy of H2 blockers to prevent it are unclear. Ten healthy volunteers (20-24 years) were studied at baseline and after oral ingestion of 500 mg sodium bicarbonate. The same test was carried out one hour after intravenous injection of 100 mg ranitidine. A glass pH electrode for continuous gastric juice pH measurements and a Tonomitor catheter were placed 10 cm distally from the gastro-oesophageal junction. iPCO2 was measured in saline boluses, infused at 30 minute intervals in the balloon at the tip of the Tonomitor. Before ranitidine was given, basal iPCO2 (mean (SD)) was 8.40 (2.53) kPa, and increased to 19.20 (5.87) kPa after sodium bicarbonate (p < 0.001). After ranitidine, the gastric juice pH increased from 1.8 (0.9) to 5.6 (1.3) (p < 0.05), while basal iPCO2 was 5.60 (0.67) kPa (p < 0.01) and did not change after sodium bicarbonate (6.27 (2.67) kPa)). iPCO2 values after acid secretion suppression were similar to those in capillary blood (5.60 (0.40 kPa)). The difference between intragastric and blood PCO2 during normal acid secretion probably results from buffering of gastric acid by gastric bicarbonate, rather than by duodenogastric reflux or saliva entering the stomach. During acid secretion suppression, intragastric equals blood PCO2, even after oral ingestion of sodium bicarbonate. Hence, acid secretion inhibition is mandatory for proper assessment of iPCO2 and pHi as specific measures of the adequacy of gastric mucosal blood flow.
Status Report on Tissue-Culture Cultivated Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Wilton A. Rightsel
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A tissue culture system is described which permits identification and propagation of isolates from the blood of hepatitis patients. Techniques first described in 1956 have been greatly improved. Viruses thus isolated produced hepatitis in 3 clinical studies. Incubation period, symptoms, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings were typical of infectious hepatitis. Viruses were consistently reisolated from these cases and specific neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated. Limited studies indicated at least 3 distinct virus serotypes, 2 of which produced hepatitis with jaundice. Application of ultrafiltration, ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy to infectious tissue culture fluid revealed 12 to 18 mμ particles not found in controls. Similar particles were noted in infected cultured cells. Despite difficulties, these clinically proved laboratory techniques insured continued characterization of hepatitis viruses. These techniques may eventually become tools for diagnosis and preparation of antigens and vaccines.
The short-term effect of fatty acids on glucagon secretion is influenced by their chain length, spatial configuration, and degree of unsaturation: studies in vitro
Authors: Jing Hong, Reziwanggu Abudula, Jianguo Chen, Per B. Jeppesen, Stig E.U. Dyrskog, Jianzhong Xiao, Michele Colombo, Kjeld Hermansen
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Differential gene expression in G-MDSC and neutrophils from renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Jennifer Ko, Patricia A Rayman, Yu Yang, Banu Gopalan, James Finke
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), including undifferentiated, monocytic, and granulocytic subsets, are known to play a role in tumor progression via promotion of tumor invasion and angiogenesis, and suppression of Type 1 T cell responses. Elevated peripheral blood
Caspase-1 is active since the early phase of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R Cascão, J Polido-Pereira, H Canhão, A M Rodrigues, M Navalho, H Raquel, A F Mourão, C Resende, J E Fonseca, L F Moita
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> We have previously reported an increase in interleukin (IL)-1β levels in very recent onset arthritis. Therefore, molecular mechanisms that regulate IL-1β secretion, such as caspase-1 activation, might play a relevant role in arthritis onset and progression. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our main goal was to evaluate caspase-1 state of activation in early polyarthritis and established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Blood samples were collected from 12 untreated early polyarthritis patients, 12 established RA patients and 10 healthy controls. Caspase-1 activity was assessed using a carboxyfluorescein FLICA detection kit. <h3>Results</h3> We found that both early polyarthritis and established RA patients have higher active caspase-1 levels. Surprisingly, caspase-1 activation levels in patient cells remain unchanged when cells were stimulated with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and ATP, whereas in control cells caspase-1 levels increased after stimulation. We observed no significant differences when comparing early polyarthritis with established RA samples. However, in RA patients with higher disease activity the proportion of active caspase-1 is higher. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that leucocytes in both early polyarthritis and established RA patients have high baseline levels of activated caspase-1, which cannot be significantly increased after stimulation. Altogether, our data supports the hypothesis that caspase-1 is activated in early arthritis.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF QUANTITATIVE RUBIDIUM-82 POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING: VALIDATION WITH INVASIVE CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Ryo Nakazato, Piotr J. Slomka, Sean W. Hayes, Victor Y. Cheng, Jimmy S. Fermin, Louise E.J. Thomson, John D. Friedman, Guido Germano, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Diarylquinoline TMC207 as potential new therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: E Tevendale
Journal: Thorax (2009)

TMC207 is an investigational diarylquinoline which inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. It is bactericidal to dormant tubercle bacilli, therefore offering a new mechanism for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

This study is the first stage of a phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Conducted in South Africa, newly …
Mental Illness, Work, and Income Support Programs
Authors: Sheldon Danziger, Richard G. Frank, Ellen Meara
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2009)

Improved treatment makes it easier for individuals with mental illness to participate in mainstream society, including the labor force.Nevertheless, a diagnosis of a severe and persistent mental illness or a substance use disorder often coincides with reduced work activity and lower earnings.The Social Security Disability Insurance Program and the Supplemental Security Income program provide income support for increasing numbers of individuals with mental illness.A growing share of a third program, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, which offers cash support to low-income single caregivers, is composed of individuals with mental illness, as new work requirements result in faster exits of those without mental health conditions.These programs have come under increasing scrutiny as the shares of recipients with mental illness increase.Some question whether these programs serve many individuals capable of working and supporting themselves.However, evidence on whether eligibility criteria for these income support programs are too stringent or too lax regarding individuals with mental illness is mixed.Appropriate income support policy for those with mental illness will differ dramatically depending on the source of the recent rise in individuals with mental illness using income support.
QUID PRO QUO
Authors: Charles E. Odegaard
Journal: JAMA (1962)

It is a common occurrence these days for presidents of institutions without medical schools to express their sorrow for presidential colleagues who have to wrestle with the problems of medical schools. There is a measure of foundation for such sympathy because the complications of conducting a modern medical educational program are certainly not exceeded, if indeed they are even equalled, by any other field of professional education. I hasten to add that the plethora of problems we encounter in institutions, like my own, which have medical schools, is not attributable to the singular perverseness of the medical profession or its professors. I add also that the game is worth the candle —for reasons which in part I shall suggest. The complexity and multitude of problems faced in medical education stem in particular, of course, from the nature of the subject matter of medical education—the health of the human animal and,
Tougher guidelines needed for research in developing countries
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Tougher ethical guidelines are needed when rich countries support or carry out research in developing countries, says a discussion paper published by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.

The council drew up the document in response to criticism of trials of zidovudine given to HIV positive pregnant women to prevent transmission of infection to the baby.

The trials were strongly criticised as unethical because some women received a placebo despite the fact that zidovudine had already been clearly shown to …
AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL HAS NO LONG-TERM EFFECT ON MORTALITY AFTER ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION
Authors: Pieter A. Vriesendorp, Max Liebregts, Robbert Steggerda, Arend Schinkel, Rik Willems, Folkert Ten Cate, Johan van Cleemput, Jurrien Ten Berg, Michelle Michels
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Drug industry weakens US bill about disclosure of gifts
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US drug industry has persuaded key Congressional legislators to water down proposed legislation that would require detailed public disclosure of payments and gifts to doctors.

In September 2007 the senators Chuck Grassley and Herb Kohl introduced the Physician Payments Sunshine Act 2007 to counter an estimated $19bn (£9.6bn; €12.3bn) spent a year courting doctors. At the time Mr Grassley told the Senate that “the best disinfectant” to payments to doctors was “sunshine,” which means openness.

Benefits provided to doctors, he said, “can be a simple dinner after work, or they can add …
Effect of Oxygen on Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: H. J. C. SWAN, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The present studies are concerned with the effect of high oxygen inhalation on patients with atrial septal defects. The problem of the amount of pulmonary vascular resistance and the relative contribution of irreversible structural changes and vascular tone may be of important prognostic significance in evaluation of such patients for cardiac surgery.
Effect of Frequent Nocturnal Hemodialysis vs Conventional Hemodialysis on Left Ventricular Mass and Quality of Life
Authors: Bruce F. Culleton, Michael Walsh, Scott W. Klarenbach, Garth Mortis, Narine Scott-Douglas, Robert R. Quinn, Marcello Tonelli, Sarah Donnelly, Matthias G. Friedrich, Andreas Kumar, Houman Mahallati, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Braden J. Manns
Journal: JAMA (2007)

DIALYSISandmedicaltherapies,patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have annual mortality rates exceeding 15%. 1 Cardiovascular disease, manifesting frequently as heart failure or sudden death, is responsible for the majority of deaths. 1 This may be due toahighburdenofexposuretotraditional cardiovascular risk factors (before and after initiation of dialysis), as well as ongoing exposure to volume overload, hyperphosphatemia,chronicinflammation,and other uremia-related factors.Taken together, these factors may worsen disorders of left ventricular (LV) structure and function and promote progression of vascular disease. 2 Recent case-control and cohort studies have suggested that nocturnal hemodialysis might improve clinical outcomes
Leukopenia After Postmastectomy Irradiation-Reply
Authors: Charles L. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our article essentially was a factual report of what happened to patients and was little documented in the literature. On first principles, we believe that we should all be aware of patient responses to therapy. The implications of these responses are interesting, but we agree that they remain implications and are obviously difficult to confirm. We have been surprised by the responses that we have provoked from our radiotherapeutic colleagues. It almost appears that to some, postoperative radiation therapy is not to be challenged in any way. To those who deny the existence of the phenomenon that we reported, we would suggest first that they look more closely at their own material and second, that they look very closely at their technique and dosage to be sure that they are technically doing what they think they are. If indeed our results are peculiar to Rochester General Hospital, then
Use of Health-Related Online Sites
Authors: Amy M. Bovi
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

This report offers recommendations to physicians who provide information or services through online sites. The recommendations maintain that physicians responsible for health-related information should ensure that it is accurate, timely, reliable, and scientifically sound. Also, advice to the online users with whom physicians do not have pre-existing relationships or the use of decision-support programs that generate personalized information directly transmitted to users should be consistent with general and specialty-specific standards. In particular, these standards address truthfulness, protection of privacy, informed consent, and disclosures including limitations inherent in the technology. Finally, physicians who establish or are involved in health-related online sites must minimize conflicts of interest and commercial biases and, if patient specific information is transmitted, they must provide high-level security protections, as well as privacy and confidentiality safeguards.
The serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 is a novel anti-apoptotic mediator in myeloma cells
Authors: J Asano, A Nakano, A Oda, H Amou, M Hiasa, K Takeuchi, H Miki, S Nakamura, T Harada, S Fujii, K Kagawa, I Endo, K Yata, A Sakai, S Ozaki, T Matsumoto, M Abe
Journal: Leukemia (2011)