tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Microtus oeconomus (Rodentia), a useful mammal for studying the induction of sex-chromosome nondisjunction and diploid gametes in male germ cells.
Authors: A D Tates
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Preliminary data indicate that chemicals can also increase the frequency of sex-chromosome nondisjunction. Positive results--which certainly need further confirmation--have been obtained for MMS, p-fluorophenylalanine, vincristine, procarbazine, carbendazim, and bleomycin. Nocodazole, benomyl, colcemic, 6-mercaptopurine, and halothane were all negative at the concentrations tested. For the induction of diploid spermatids positive results were only obtained for MMS and parafluorophenylalanine. In view of the results obtained, the Microtus system is considered a very useful tool for analyzing factors contributing to the high frequency of aneuploidy and triploidy among abortuses and of aneuploidy in liveborn infants of men. A method is described for the detection of sex-chromosome nondisjunction and diploid spermatids in male germ cells of the field vole Microtus oeconomus. The method is based on the unique distribution pattern of heterochromatin in Microtus cells, which makes it possible to identify X and Y chromosomes in early spermatids with a simple C-banding procedure. Slide preparation is easy. Scoring of early spermatids for extra sex-chromosomes is simple and 2000-4000 cells per hour can be examined. With the Microtus system it has now been demonstrated that radiation of spermatocyte stages with doses of 50, 100 and 200 R results in a higher frequency of sex chromosome nondisjunction and of diploid gametes. Both types of aberrant gametes can be produced during the first and second meiotic division.
CARDIAC INSTABILITY DUE TO ACID AUTO-INTOXICATION.
Authors: W. T. ENGLISH
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The study of the phenomena occurring in the human body would be attended with vague and impenetrable mystery were it not that we know something of chemic affinities and aversions. A great deal of the light that has recently illuminated the medical realm is reflected from the chemic laboratory. Chemistry and microscopy have been extending their arms of light in the attitude of a prolonged benediction over our science for at least a decade. No methods of investigation have merited and received such universal adoption. The only cases that can now be admitted to an audience with the advanced physician without contact with reagents or microscopic scrutiny are hypothetical ones. The man who is satisfied with the dictum of his unaided eyes, ears and sense of touch in physical examinations is behind the procession. These methods of inquiry introduce us into the arena of vital action, and make plain to
The Development of Urinary Biomarkers for Kidney Disease Is the Search for Our Renal Troponin
Authors: Lynda Anne Szczech
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2009)

The practice of nephrology is long recognized to treat and comfort on the basis of a blend of science and art. As nephrologists, we do an amazing job of monitoring kidney function with rather rudimentary measures such as serum creatinine and urine output. When patients ask what are the “normal” values for each of these measures, we all answer in a similar and somewhat nonspecific manner reflecting the “art” of interpretation: What is normal creatinine? Answer: It is like golf: High is bad, low is good. What is a normal amount of urine? Answer: Depends on how much you drank and ate.

The new field of biomarkers for kidney injury or disease is an exciting and rapidly advancing scientific area. Recent developments in the study of several urinary biomarkers of kidney injury have focused on NGAL, NAG, and KIM-1. Two articles in this issue of JASN are part of a growing literature that will shift the balance between the art and science of understanding—shifting toward new evidence that anticipates changes in kidney function more reflective of better science.1,2 As we read this rapidly growing literature and seek out our “renal troponin,” we can take a lesson from our cardiology colleagues: Our ultimate goal is to identify patients with a clinical syndrome earlier to initiate promptly a therapy that ultimately affects …
Immunological Responses in Pregnancy
Authors: R. Finn, C. A. St. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1972)

in-fertility, so it would be expected that a group of pregnant patients would have a lower incidence of positive tuberculin tests than non-pregnant controls.Even if the con- trols were accurately matched for age and parity it would be desirable to do tests in the same individuals in the pregnant and non-pregnant state.Montgomery and colleagues3 did this and found no influence of pregnancy.-Iam, etc.,
Risk Profile of Clinical Trial Participants—Reply
Authors: Jacob A. Udell, Matthew T. Roe, Stephen D. Wiviott
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of novel immunocytokines that preferentially target high or intermediate affinity IL-2 receptors
Authors: Zulmarie Perez Horta, Stephen Gillies, Margaret Boyden, Jaquelyn Hank, Alexander Rahkmilevich, Paul Sondel
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The parental hu14.18-IL-2 immunocytokine (ICp) is a fusion protein where one human IL-2 molecule is attached to each of the heavy chains of the intact humanized form of the anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Early clinical trials have shown that ICp treatment can lead to complete
Diabetes Drug May Be Associated With Increase in Risk of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exogenous Surfactant Supplementation in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis
Authors: SHANE M. TIBBY, MARK HATHERILL, SARAH M. WRIGHT, PETER WILSON, ANTHONY D. POSTLE, IAN A. MURDOCH
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis are deficient in surfactant, both in quantity and ability to reduce surface tension. New evidence suggests surfactant has a role in maintaining the patency of conducting airways, which has implications for RSV bronchiolitis. A randomized, controlled pilot study was undertaken to assess the effects of exogenous surfactant supplementation to RSV-positive infants on pulmonary mechanics, indices of gas exchange, and the phospholipid composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Nineteen ventilated infants (median corrected age 4 wk) received either two doses of surfactant (Survanta, 100 mg/kg) within 24 and 48 h of mechanical ventilation (n = 9), or air placebo (n = 10). Static lung compliance and resistance of infants in the placebo but not in the surfactant-treated group became progressively worse over the first 30 h following enrollment. Although no significant acute changes in gas exchange parameters were seen following surfactant, infants in the surfactant group showed a more rapid improvement in oxygenation and ventilation indices over the first 60 h of ventilation. Surfactant status was assessed from the concentration ratio in BALF of the disaturated phospholipid species dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine to that of the monounsaturated species palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine. This ratio correlated with both lung compliance (positively) and resistance (negatively), and over time increased in the treated group and declined in placebo infants. The data from this pilot study suggest that functional surfactant has a role in maintaining small airway patency as well as lung compliance in infants infected with RSV and an outcome study is now warranted.
Book: Science Fictions: A Scientific Mystery, a Massive Cover-up, and the Dark Legacy of Robert Gallo
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

John Crewdson Little, Brown and Company, $27.95/£19.67, pp 670 ![Graphic][1]</img> ISBN 0 316 13476 7 Rating: 0 It's fairly clear that Robert Gallo is not a very likeable man. In the race to identify the cause of AIDS, he threatened his rivals, bullied his collaborators, and lied to editors of journals. Although never proved, it seems more than possible that HTLV-III, the retrovirus that he claimed to have discovered, had been deliberately misappropriated from cell lines sent to him from … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Synthesis of Dipalmitoyl Lecithin by Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Robert J. Mason, Gary Huber, Martha Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

A reliable, relatively simple method for isolation and quantification of disaturated lecithins is described. In rabbit lung, 34% of the lecithins were disaturated, in alveolar macrophages, 19%. More than 95% of the fatty acids of the disaturated lecithins from lung and alveolar macrophages was palmitic. Hence, the disaturated lecithins from these sources were essentially all dipalmitoyl lecithin. Both heterophils and alveolar macrophages incorporated (14)C-labeled choline and palmitate into disaturated lecithins. Liver slices in which only about 1% of the lecithins were disaturated incorporated very little of these precursors into this fraction. Of the palmitate incorporated in vitro into disaturated lecithins by alveolar macrophages, heterophils, and lung slices, 37% was in the 1 position. In disaturated lecithins isolated from pulmonary lavage fluid, alveolar macrophages, and lung of rabbit 8-12 hr after a single intravenous injection of palmitic-1-(14)C acid, 45% of the (14)C was in position 1. At earlier times, from 20-240 min after injection, the distribution of (14)C was similar in the samples from lung, but in those from alveolar macrophages and lavage fluid, the percentage in position 1 was slightly lower.Glycerol-U-(14)C was incorporated into disaturated lecithins by alveolar macrophages and by lung slices in vitro. Both tissues incorporated very little label from ethanolamine or from methyl-labeled methionine into this fraction. All of the data are consistent with the view that alveolar macrophages synthesize dipalmitoyl lecithin via the cytidine diphosphate-choline pathway.
Neurosurgery May Die
Authors: Richard M. Bergland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract The promise and excitement that once permeated neurosurgery have yielded too often to an easy acceptance of the status quo that can be traced to a poorly ordered system of neurosurgical education. Current neurosurgical training programs contain 662 trainees, of whom 22 per cent are sponsored by the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates. Most trainees are later capable of generalized practice at a standardized level; few are directed into neurosurgical subspecialties or neurosurgical research which will lead to neurosurgical progress. The development of 95 training programs can be linked in part to the service needs of the teaching institutions rather than to the eventual clinical needs of society. Although neurosurgeons in the United States perform "a total of five to six major operations a month," training programs have failed to limit the number of trainees. Neurosurgical educators — supported by medical schools, educational councils and surgical societies —must develop new systems of neurosurgical education. (N Engl J Med 288:1043–1046, 1973)
Targeting management of fever, hyperglycemia, and swallowing improved outcomes in acute stroke
Authors: Mark J. Alberts
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Middleton S, McElduff P, Ward J, et al; QASC Trialists Group. Implementation of evidence-based treatment protocols to manage fever, hyperglycaemia, and swallowing dysfunction in acute stroke (QASC): a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1699-706. 21996470
Study of the effects of paf‐acether on human nasal airways
Authors: E. LEGGIERI, A. TEDESCHI, M. LORINI, A. BIANCO, A. MIADONNA
Journal: Allergy (1991)

In 6 normal subjects and 6 patients with allergic rhinitis, nasal response to insufflation of paf‐acether (paf, platelet‐activating factor), lyso‐paf and histamine was evaluated. Nasal challenge with paf, at doses of 300 and 600 nM, induced nasal obstruction, associated with an increase in nasal airway resistances, measured by antherior passive rhinomanometry. Maximum increase in nasal airway resistance was observed at 30 min after challenge (mean percent change + 481 with 600 nM paf; P &lt; 0.05). Other symptoms induced by paf insufflation were rhinorrhea (6 out of 12 subjects), itching (8 out of 12), sneezing (4 out of 12) and a burning sensation (6 out of 12). No differences were observed between normal and rhinitic subjects, concerning nasal sensitivity to paf. Neither nasal symptoms nor changes in nasal airway resistance were observed after nasal challenge with lyso‐paf (300 and 600 nM); by contrast, histamine (100 nM) induced sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and rhinorrhea in all the studied subjects, associated with an increase in nasal airway resistance (maximum 5 min after challenge: percent change + 358; P &lt; 0.02). Nasal effects of paf were not mediated by histamine, since no increase in histamine levels was observed in nasal washings following paf insufflation. We conclude that paf may have pathogenetic relevance in allergic rhinitis.
Implications of the 1970 Census for Health and Medicine
Authors: OSWALD K. SAGEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Editorials1 January 1970Implications of the 1970 Census for Health and MedicineOSWALD K. SAGEN, PH.D.OSWALD K. SAGEN, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-1-134 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn April 1, 1970, the decennial census of population and housing is to be taken in every nook and cranny of the United States. This will be the nineteenth U.S. census; the first was taken in 1790. What significance does this event have for health and medicine in this country?First, the census plays a crucial role in our governmental system. The census provides the basis for apportioning the representation of the members of the U.S. Congress as required by the Constitution of the United States so as to assure a representative democracy. A number of other governmental arrangements—such as...References : Plans for the 1970 Census of Population and Housing. Unpublished document. May 1969. Google Scholar : United States Census, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969 0-353-885. Google Scholar : Data Access Description U.S. Department of Commerce, DAD 8,9, Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, August 1969. Google Scholar : The 1970 Census and Vital and Health Statistics, Public Health Service Publications No. 1000, Series 4 U.S. Public Health Service, Washington D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Center for Health Statistics Health Services and Mental Health Administration U.S. Public Health Service Department of Health Education, and Welfare Washington, D.C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1970Volume 72, Issue 1Page: 134-136 Issue Published: 1 January 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Methotrexate in Idiopathic Granulomatous Hepatitis
Authors: Tamsin A. Knox
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Methotrexate in Idiopathic Granulomatous HepatitisTamsin A. Knox, MD and Marshall M. Kaplan, MDTamsin A. Knox, MDNew England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111Search for more papers by this author and Marshall M. Kaplan, MDNew England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In Dr. Shea and colleagues' patient, prednisone was not completely withdrawn and symptoms and signs of disease returned within 6 months of the discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine therapy. Of our seven patients who received methotrexate therapy [1], none required concurrent corticosteroid therapy. In the three patients in whom methotrexate was withdrawn, signs and symptoms of disease did not return. We do not believe that “spontaneous resolution of symptoms,” occasionally seen with idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis, was responsible for the remission induced in our patients in the short period of 1 week to 3 months after methotrexate was started, particularly in ...References1. Knox TA, Kaplan MM, Gelfand JA, Wolff SM. Methotrexate treatment of idiopathic granulomatous hepatitis. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:592-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Tamsin A. Knox, MD; Marshall M. Kaplan, MDAffiliations: New England Medical Center; Boston, MA 02111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMethotrexate-Related Nonnecrotizing Multifocal Axonopathy Detected by β-Amyloid Precursor Protein Immunohistochemistry 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 733KeywordsBloodCorticosteroid therapyDrugsHepatitisHydroxychloroquineMethotrexateSigns and symptomsToxicity ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Robert Emil Steiner
Authors: T. Sherwood
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Robert Emil Steiner was born in Vienna. After a happy childhood, political and racial iniquities soon oppressed his early student years at the University of Vienna and spelt emigration. He made for Dublin, where he was able to resume his medical studies at University College. It was only a year after qualifying that he published his first paper, in the BMJ , on serum hepatitis after transfusion. That was to be the beginning of a massive research record, amounting to well over two hundred publications⇓.



It was also in Dublin that he met Gertrude Margaret Konirsch; their marriage spanned nearly 70 years, and they had two daughters. After his junior medical posts, they went to Sheffield after the end of the second world war, and he started training in radiology. In 1950 he applied for a post as lecturer and honorary consultant at Hammersmith Hospital, then the British Postgraduate Medical School. John McMichael had been its professor of medicine for four years and was on the lookout for a dynamic and research minded radiologist who could galvanise the rather staid x ray department. Robert Steiner quickly became senior lecturer and departmental director (1955), and was appointed professor of diagnostic radiology in 1961.

He was the sole professor of radiology of the University of London, with its 12 undergraduate medical schools. The BMJ later described his department as a “beacon light” to British radiology. Robert Steiner and …
Human rabies immune globulin. Clinical trials and effects on serum anti- -globulins
Authors: R. H. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Human-derived rabies immune globulin (HRIG) was administered intramuscularly to 24 male volunteers according to two dose schedules: either 20 ml (equivalent to the World Health Organization [WHO] recommendation of 40 internation units/kg for equine-derived antiserum) or one-fourth of the WHO recommendation (10 IU/kg). The 10-IU/kg dose gave barely detectable antirabies antibody titers and is not considered of therapeutic value. The 20-ml dose gave higher, longer lasting titers of antirabies antibody than the comparable doses of equine antiserum currently in use. There were no untoward reactions. Before administration of HRIG, all 24 volunteers had IgG class anti-IgG antibodies (mean titer, 114μg/ml); 22 of 24 had IgA class anti-IgG antibodies (mean titer, 65μg/ml); and none of the 24 had IgM class anti-IgG antibodies. Administration of HRIG caused no significant change in these titers.
Diet and Obesity
Authors: George V. Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The Holy Grail of Western medicine is a safe and comfortable way to lose excessive body fat. This process would, of course, require that the fat fellow be able to continue his sloth and gluttony even as the treatment works. One solution would be to find a drug that would dissipate energy as heat. Thyroid hormone and the catecholamines act in this way, but with disqualifying side effects. Those drugs have been abandoned for such purposes.Nutritionists have long searched for some peculiar qualitative food mixture that would sustain vital functions and tissues and still allow adipose tissue to be . . .