tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor is associated with angiogenesis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Takahiro Nakasaki, Hideo Wada, Chika Shigemori, Chikao Miki, Esteban C. Gabazza, Tsutomu Nobori, Shin Nakamura, Hiroshi Shiku
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We examined the expression of tissue factor (TF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the microvessel density (MVD) in 100 patients with colorectal cancer, and we investigated the relationship of the expression of TF or VEGF with angiogenesis. TF antigen was positive in 57.0% of all specimens. Incidence of TF expression was 41.2%, 45.5%, 52.6%, 84.6%, and 81.3% in tumors from patients in clinical stages I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. TF expression was correlated with the Dukes' classification ( P = 0.01) and the clinical stage of colorectal cancer ( P = 0.02). VEGF antigen was positive in 64.0% of all specimens. Incidence of VEGF expression was 41.2%, 57.6%, 73.7%, 84.6%, and 75.0% in tumors from patients in clinical stages I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. VEGF expression was correlated with the Dukes' classification ( P = 0.01) but showed a weak association with the clinical stage ( P = 0.08). MVD was significantly associated with the depth of invasion ( P = 0.01), lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.001), and liver metastasis ( P = 0.02). The mean values of MVD were 7.5 ± 2.8, 10.1 ± 5.7, 14.6 ± 5.8, 13.5 ± 3.9, and 15.9 ± 4.2 in tumors from patients in clinical stages I, II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. A close relationship between VEGF and MVD ( P &lt; 0.001) and a significant correlation between TF expression and MVD were observed ( P = 0.02). TF‐positive carcinomas presented high MVD and VEGF expression ( P &lt; 0.001) more frequently than did TF‐negative tumors. These results suggest that involvement of TF in the process of metastasis and progression of colorectal cancer may depend on increased angiogenesis. Am. J. Hematol. 69:247–254, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE RELIEF OF ITCHING BY EPINEPHRINE IN CERTAIN CASES OF INFANTILE ECZEMA
Authors: J. D. PILCHER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Every one who sees infants with eczema appreciates the extreme suffering they frequently manifest. The infant himself may not only rest and sleep very little but his constant fretting and crying deprive the other members of the family of their rest, so that it is not uncommon to have a mother state that she has not slept for weeks or even months, implying, of course, that she has had no uninterrupted restful sleep during that time. One morning an infant in the hospital ward suffering from a severe form of eczema freed himself from restraint and manifested every evidence of extreme discomfort; he was given epinephrine intramuscularly; in two minutes he was quiet and in three minutes was asleep and slept for more than an hour. During the rest of the morning he seemed comfortable; the best he had been in the hospital, one of the attendants remarked. Since this
Role of direct estrogen receptor signaling in wear particle-induced osteolysis
Authors: Christophe Nich, Allison J. Rao, Roberto D. Valladares, Chenguang Li, Jane E. Christman, Joseph K. Antonios, Zhenyu Yao, Stefan Zwingenberger, Hervé Petite, Moussa Hamadouche, Stuart B. Goodman
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
AIDS epidemic in South Africa may be slowing, survey shows
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

South Africa’s AIDS epidemic, in which 5.2 million people are HIV positive, seems to be slowing, with indications that young people especially are changing their behaviour to reduce their risk of contracting the disease.

The prevalence of the disease in South Africans has remained fairly constant at about 10.6% of the population. However, findings of a national survey show that in children between the ages of 2 and 14 the prevalence of HIV/AIDS has dropped from 5.6% to 2.5% between 2002 and 2008.

On receiving the report, the health minister, Aaron Motsoaledi, said with audible relief, “There is light at the end of the tunnel.”

The latest data were collected by the Human Sciences Research …
Pulmonary Hypertension in a GTP-Cyclohydrolase 1–Deficient Mouse
Authors: Manasi Nandi, Alyson Miller, Raymond Stidwill, Thomas S. Jacques, Amanda A.J. Lam, Sheila Haworth, Simon Heales, Patrick Vallance
Journal: Circulation (2005)

GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GTP-CH1) catalyzes the first step for the de novo production of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The hyperphenylalaninemic mutant mouse (hph-1) displays a 90% reduction in GTP-CH1 activity. Reduced BH4 decreases NOS activity and may lead to endothelial dysfunction, and there is increasing evidence that a dysfunction of the NOS pathway may be implicated in pulmonary hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate whether reduced BH4 in the hph-1 mouse results in a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype.Morphological characterization of the heart, lung, and kidney and measurements of systemic and right ventricular blood pressures were performed in both hph-1 and wild-type mice. BH4 and NO(x) levels were also measured. Hph-1 mice had significantly lower NO(x) and BH4 levels, consistent with previous findings. Both morphological and in vivo data were indicative of a pulmonary but not systemic hypertensive phenotype. We observed increased right ventricle-left ventricle plus septum ratios attributable only to an increase in right ventricular mass, increased smooth muscle medial area in pulmonary resistance vessels, and significantly higher right ventricular pressures in vivo. There were no significant differences between left ventricular masses and systemic pressures, and there was no observed evidence of systemic hypertension in kidney sections between wild-type and hph-1.This study demonstrates that mice deficient in GTP-CH1/BH4 display a pulmonary hypertensive but not systemic hypertensive phenotype.
Effect of breastfeeding on asthma, lung function and bronchial hyperreactivity in ISAAC Phase II
Authors: G. Nagel, G. Büchele, G. Weinmayr, B. Björkstén, Y-Z. Chen, H. Wang, W. Nystad, Y. Saraclar, L. Bråbäck, J. Batlles-Garrido, G. Garcia-Hernandez, S. K. Weiland
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

The association between breastfeeding and wheezing, lung function and atopy was evaluated in the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II. Cross-sectional studies were performed in 27 centres in 20 countries. Information on disease and exposure factors was collected by parental questionnaires. Data from 54,000 randomly selected school children (aged 8–12 yrs, 31,759 with skin prick testing) and a stratified subsample (n = 4,888) were used for testing the correlation of breastfeeding with bronchial hyperreactivity and lung function. Random effect models for meta-analysis were applied to calculate combined odds ratios (ORs). Any breastfeeding was associated with less wheeze both in affluent (adjusted OR (OR adj ) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.97) and nonaffluent countries (OR adj 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.94). Further analyses revealed that this was true only for nonatopic wheeze in nonaffluent countries (OR adj 0.69, 95% CI 0.53–0.90). Breastfeeding was not associated with atopic wheeze and objective measures of allergy in both affluent and nonaffluent countries. In contrast, breastfeeding was associated with higher predicted forced expiratory volume in one second in affluent countries only (mean ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.02–1.20). Breastfeeding is associated with protection against nonatopic wheeze, which becomes particularly evident in nonaffluent countries. Overall, breastfeeding was not related to any measure of allergy. These findings may explain some of the controversy regarding breastfeeding, since the direction of the association with breastfeeding depends on the predominating wheeze phenotype ( e.g. atopic, nonatopic).
THE EFFECTS OF CATHODE RAYS ON THE PROTEINS OF SERUM
Authors: Lillian E. Baker, Robert B. Corey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

The effects of cathode rays on the proteins of serum appear to be (1) denaturation of a large proportion of the albumin and globulin with the formation of products that are soluble at the pH of the serum; (2) the production of a tough and exceedingly insoluble substance on the window of the cell where most of the absorption of electrons occurs; (3) a slight hydrolytic cleavage of the protein molecule producing a small quantity of products having properties so near to those of the protein that they are precipitated by trichloracetic acid but are not removed by coagulation at the isoelectric point; (4) the production of a small amount of hydrolytic products not precipitated by trichloracetic acid; and (5) the formation of a small amount of ammonia, part of which at least is derived from the urea in the serum. It is interesting to note that these changes are such as would bring about exactly those effects on fibroblasts which were observed when cultures were grown in serum which had been subjected to cathode ray irradiation. The proteins of serum have a retarding effect on the growth of fibroblasts. We might, therefore, expect their removal by denaturation and coagulation to result in the slightly larger growth which was observed. The production of SH groups in the denatured protein molecule would also tend to have a beneficial effect, as has been observed in experiments with denatured albumin. A concentration of protein split products equal to that in the irradiated sera has been observed to produce cells of characteristic appearance, full of cytoplasmic granulations and possessing long, active pseudopods, such as those noted in colonies cultivated in serum which had been subjected to cathode rays.
Re: Hendrik Van Poppel, Luigi Da Pozzo, Walter Albrecht, et al. A Prospective, Randomized EORTC Intergroup Phase 3 Study Comparing the Oncologic Outcome of Elective Nephron-Sparing Surgery and Radical Nephrectomy for Low-Stage Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;59:543–52
Authors: Maxine Sun, Jens Hansen, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Carter and Science: Medals and a Message
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

If your fiscal lifelines run to Washington, it is useful to be in harmony with the agencies that send you money. What is also useful is a public expression of support from the President, the reason being that your friends in the bureaucracy are not sovereign when it comes to looking after your interests. In pursuit of their own goals and those of their clients, they must contend with the White House budget makers, adjacent bureaucracies and a swirl of often conflicting interests. Still, it is the President who appoints the chiefs, sets the budgets and prescribes the territories. Which . . .
Symptomatology of Depressive Illness in Afghanistan
Authors: RAFIQ WAZIRI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

In a cross-cultural study of depressive symptoms in Afghan patients, the incidence of such "biological" symptoms as depressed mood and loss of appetite, sleep, and libido were similar to the reported incidence of these symptoms in depressed patients from a Western culture. Some symptoms that may be affected by cultural differences were also comparable, except for suicide and suicidal thoughts. The majority of Afghan patients expressed death wishes rather than suicidal intents or thoughts.
Ethical Decisions in the Care of a Patient Terminally III with Metastatic Cancer
Authors: LO BERNARD, ALBERT R. JONSEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A case of a patient with metastatic cancer raises the issues of patient refusal of treatment, euthanasia, and unintended side effects of therapy. For each management dilemma, there are relevant ethical and legal considerations, justifications, and conclusions. In addition, psychological and social influences on the decision process tend to limit deliberation.
Temperature of the Great Toe as an Indication of the Severity of Shock
Authors: HENRI R. JOLY, MAX HARRY WEIL
Journal: Circulation (1969)

To establish whether changes in skin temperature would provide objective indication of the presence and severity of shock, hemodynamic and temperature measurements were obtained with the aid of a digital computer. Values obtained 3 hours after admission and 3 hours prior to discharge or death in 100 patients who presented with clinical signs of circulatory shock were analyzed. Temperature was measured with standard thermistor probes at five sites: the digital pad of the third finger, the large toe, the deltoid region of the arm, the lateral portion of the thigh, and the rectum. A significant correlation was demonstrated between the cardiac output and temperature of the toe (r = 0.71). Correlations were increased to 0.73 when corrections were made for changes in ambient temperature. A stepwise regression analysis provided no significant improvement in the predictability of cardiac index when the values for temperatures of other skin sites were included. Discriminant function analysis showed that an early measurement of toe temperature correctly predicts patient outcome 67% of the time.
Outcome of pregnancy in underweight women after spontaneous and induced ovulation
Authors: Z M van der Spuy, P J Steer, M McCusker, S J Steele, H S Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Low maternal weight before pregnancy and poor weight gain during pregnancy are known to result in an increased prevalence of low birthweight infants. Low body weight is also an important cause of amenorrhoea. The hypothesis that amenorrhoeic underweight women who become pregnant after induction of ovulation are more at risk of delivering low birthweight infants than underweight women who ovulate spontaneously was investigated. Forty one pregnant women in whom ovulation had been induced and 1212 in whom ovulation was spontaneous were studied. Women ovulating spontaneously whose weight was normal and who showed good weight gain during pregnancy (&gt;450 g a week) had the lowest incidence (6%) of babies who were small for gestational age. Underweight women (body mass index &lt;19·1) who ovulated spontaneously had a threefold increased risk of delivering babies who were small for gestational age (18%). Overall, the women in whom ovulation had been induced had an even higher risk of babies who were small for dates (25%), and this risk was greatest (54%) in those who were underweight. The outcome of pregnancy is related to weight before conception, which in many cases reflects nutritional state; lack of spontaneous ovulation indicates an increased risk of producing a small for dates infant. The most suitable treatment for infertility secondary to weight related amenorrhoea is therefore dietary rather than induction of ovulation.
Smoking and insulin absorption.
Authors: P Hildebrandt, S Madsbad
Journal: BMJ (1984)

process is not yet possible.Perhaps this is still the case, despite the implications of Mr Waddell and others, for many cases of low back pain; for instance it would be interesting to know whether, taking the figures they quote, the 3700 of those undergoing surgery for sciatica who were found to have normal discs but obtained complete relief were experiencing more than a placebo effect.Also rather than seeing illness behaviour and disease processes in hierarchical terms, as they suggest, it might be more helpful to consider them as interacting processes.I believe it is only in this way that it will be possible to understand many psychosomatic disorders-for example, anorexia nervosa- and also many cases of low back pain.
David Bamford Williamson
Authors: Hugh Williamson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Psychiatrist and pioneer of the death-and-dying movementIn her groundbreaking bestseller On Death and Dying, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross overturned how physicians treat dying patients.When the book was published in 1969, death was a taboo subject and discussing it was considered morbid.Patients died alone in hospitals; physicians ignored them; and adequate pain medication was underused.The book brought these practices to the fore-and pressed for more humane treatment of the dying.The book rocked the medical profession-and at the same time also resulted in a public outcry for compassionate care of the dying.On Death and Dying is a classic work and is still in print around the world today.Kübler-Ross's work stemmed from the realisation that in her native Switzerland, death, like birth, was considered a normal part of the life cycle.In Switzerland people died at home surrounded by family and friends-and they were comfortable until the end of their lives.In contrast in the United States and other countries that placed a premium on high tech medicine, patients lay by the wayside.It was a practice she deplored.A hallmark of Kübler-Ross's work was her emphasis on communication.She stressed that patients truly wanted to review their lives, their deterioration, and imminent death.When patients and doctors could talk openly-and without fear-a good death could be achieved.In 1967 Kübler-Ross began interviewing dying patients at the University of Chicago's Billings Hospital, where she was a psychiatrist.She hoped to learn what patients were thinking as they lay dying.From her first hand research, she derived the famous five stage framework: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance-or, as she called it, "one common denominator" of death and dying.The model outlined how patients with terminal illness grappled with their diagnosis, and their emotions along the way, right through to acceptance of their impending death.She appealed to the medical community to use it.Collin Murray Parkes, consultant psychiatrist at St Christopher's Hospice in London, credits Kübler-Ross's five stage framework and its high visibility as a driving force in stimulating research and changing
HIV-Related Oligoclonal Paraproteinemia-Reply
Authors: David M. Kouns
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We would concede to Dr Keshgegian that our use of the term "surrogate diagnostic tool" may have been misleading and, perhaps, premature in the absence of supportive evidence. It was not our intention to imply that the presence of oligoclonal paraproteinemia should be used as a definitive test for identifying individuals with antibodies to HIV. However, we maintain our position that the presence of oligoclonal bands in the serum should alert the clinician to the possibility of HIV-related disease and that HIV-related disease should be considered in the differential diagnoses of patients demonstrating oligoclonal paraproteinemia. As a case in point, a clinician, not in our hospital, recently reported to us the following result of reading our letter: a patient with an undiagnosed illness and no association with any high-risk group, in whom oligoclonal paraproteinema had been demonstrated, was tested for antibodies to HIV and found to be seropositive.
IN-HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES IN BRAZIL IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER BRIC COUNTRIES: ANALYSIS OF THE BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Marcelo Franken, Felipe G. Lima, Luciano M. Baracioli, Humberto G. Moreira, Jose Carlos Nicolau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hiroshima 2000: A Call for Papers
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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HIV-1 Viral Load Assays for Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Susan A Fiscus, Ben Cheng, Suzanne M Crowe, Lisa Demeter, Cheryl Jennings, Veronica Miller, Richard Respess, Wendy Stevens
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Barriers to Using Current Viral Load Assays in Resource-Limited SettingsResources vary signifi cantly by country.Human resources and infrastructure that might be readily available in major cities, such as trained personnel, clean water, and electricity, may not be found in more rural areas.Reference laboratories that have the personnel, equipment, and infrastructure to perform CD4 cell counts and viral load testing may lack the resources to purchase the kits.Thus, what works for one country, or even for one city within a country, may not apply in all resource-limited settings.Options available to developing countries include performing the
Abstract 14799: Differing Relationship between Nocturnal Rostral Fluid Shift and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Men and Women with Heart Failure
Authors: Takatoshi Kasai, Shveta S Motwani, Dai Yumino, Fiona Rankin, Stephanie Smith, Susanna Mak, Gary E Newton, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with heart failure (HF), in whom it is associated with increased mortality. We recently reported that nocturnal rostral fluid displacement from the legs was associated with an increase in the neck circumference (NC) and the severity of OSA in men with HF. However, it is not known whether nocturnal rostral fluid shift relates to the OSA in women with HF. Because the prevalence of OSA is higher in men than in women, and because we demonstrated that for the same rostral fluid displacement by application of positive pressure to the legs of healthy subjects, upper airway collapsibility increased more in men than in women, we hypothesized that in women with HF, overnight rostral fluid shift from the legs would not be related to the degree of overnight change in NC or severity of OSA. Methods: In 17 men and 19 women with medically stable HF (ejection fraction ≤45%, NYHA class I-III), we measured change in NC and leg fluid volume (LFV) by bioelectric...
Calcitonin secretion in congenital nongoitrous cretinism.
Authors: D E Carey, K L Jones, J G Parthemore, L J Deftos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Plasma calcitonin (CT) was measured in the basal state and/or during provocative tests of hormone secretion in 11 children with congenital non-goitrous cretinism (CNC), in 1 girl with a lingual thyroid, and in 11 normal children. Basal and stimulated CT concentrations were significantly lower in the patients with CNC than in the normal subjects. Mean basal CT (+/- SE) was 41 +/- 4 pg/ml in the normal children, 24 +/- 3 pg/ml in the children with CNC, and 20 +/- 2 pg/ml in the patient with the lingual thyroid. The mean incremental CT responses to calcium infusion were 7.0 +/- 2 pg/ml in the children with CNC, 6.0 pg/ml in the patient with the lingual thyroid, and 146 +/- 47 pg/ml in the normal children. The children with CNC also demonstrated a significant delay in the return of the total serum calcium to basal level after the calcium infusion. The mean incremental CT response after infusion of pentagastrin was 7.6 +/- 2 pg/ml in the children with CNC, 10.0 pg/ml in the child with the lingual thyroid, and 34.4 +/- 11 pg/ml in the normal children. These data indicate that CT deficiency is present in children with CNC and suggest that the deficiency is a consequence of the defective embryologic development of the thyroid gland.