tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic Effects of Medications Used To Treat Glaucoma
Authors: Daniel E. Everitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Medications used to treat glaucoma can have clinically important systemic effects in some patients; these effects may not be recognized in elderly patients who have chronic medical problems and who are taking several systemic medications. Beta-blocking ophthalmic agents are generally safe, but can be absorbed systemically to induce bronchospasm, worsen heart block, decompensate congestive heart failure, or create central nervous system effects in some patients. Reports of adverse systemic effects from miotics, such as pilocarpine, are rare, although cardiovascular decompensation has been seen in patients with acute angle closure who were given excessive doses before surgery. Topical sympathomimetic agents such as epinephrine may increase ventricular extrasystoles and have, on occasion, caused severe hypertensive reactions. Nearly 50% of patients taking carbonic anhydrase inhibitors must discontinue their use because of various adverse constitutional and central nervous system symptoms. Although these drugs are not usually part of internal medicine regimens, they can produce adverse effects that mimic primary disease in nonocular organ systems.
MEDICINE AND THE STATE
Authors: LORD HORDER
Journal: JAMA (1949)

When you paid me the honor of asking me to present this lecture, you will remember that I did not delay in my acceptance of your invitation. Aside from the distinction enjoyed by your society, the realization that I was following men like Thayer, William Mayo, Charles Martin, Walter Cannon, George Minot and Ludvig Hektoen, who, in addition to their eminence in medicine had been, and are, much esteemed friends, gave me a thrill of pleasure. The pleasure, however, was tinged with fear—that I should prove a very unworthy follower of colleagues whose names will pass into history as having contributed to the greatness of medicine. To some who listen to me and wonder that I choose so topical a subject for my address as the relations between the doctor and the state, I would excuse myself by saying that I believe the present situation in respect of these two
"THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ANGINA PECTORIS"
Authors: William D. Reid
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —The editorial on this subject, inThe Journal, October 25, warrants comment. Few can object to the words of caution about indiscriminate resort to surgery in the treatment of angina pectoris but I suspect many will not accept so sweeping a condemnation of the surgical treatment; the operation has already been done on selected patients of some of the leading cardiologists in this country and abroad.  And why is it discreditable for the surgeon to operate under the instructions of an internist? There is certainly much to commend in such cooperation. It should be remembered that medical men are not in agreement as to the exact sequence of events occurring in an attack of angina; Sir James Mackenzie, himself, in his recent book (Angina Pectoris; 1923, London, Henry Frowde, and Hodder & Stoughton) gives weight to an explanation based on changes in the coronary arteries but states
How operant conditioning can contribute to behavioral toxicology.
Authors: V G Laties
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Operant conditioning can contribute to the development of behavioral toxicology in many ways. Its techniques are useful in training animals in the various behaviors the toxicologist may wish to study. They make possible the sophisticated assessment of sensory functioning. Operant conditioners excel at using schedules of intermittent reinforcement to create the type of stable animal performance needed in studying substances that produce effects only after prolonged exposure. Schedule-controlled behavior also helps elucidate the precise behavioral mechanisms involved in toxicity. In the early assessment of toxic substances a judiciously chosen sample of schelule-controlled performances may provide the best estimate whether the integrity of complex operant behavior remains unchanged. The development of improved behavioral techniques and computer technology promises to bring down the cost of such assessment.
Harvard tightens rules on industry payments to top professors
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Harvard University has tightened its regulations for doctors and scientists who consult for drug companies and medical device makers.

Ties between prominent doctors and drug companies have been scrutinised lately, especially by Senator Chuck Grassley, an Iowa Republican.

About two dozen of Harvard’s highest flyers, those who sit on the boards of drug companies, are most affected. Under the rules, introduced on 1 January, they can earn no more than $5000 (£3100; €3440) per 10 hour day for service on the board of a drug or device company and may not accept company stock in payment.

The rules also apply to about 6000 doctors, researchers, institutional officers, and other employees at Partners HealthCare, …
Complete Normalization of Severe Brain 18F-FDG Hypometabolism Following Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Major Depressive Episode
Authors: Cédrik Lajoie, Marc-André Levasseur, Nancy Paquet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We describe a patient with a complex neuropsychiatric disorder who presented a severe and diffuse cerebral glucose hypometabolism on (18)F-FDG PET initially which, in the clinical setting, was suspicious of an advanced neurodegenerative disease. Further evaluation suggested a major depressive episode with agitation and poor response to medication. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) brought excellent results. A follow-up cerebral (18)F-FDG PET was completely normal, thus illustrating the potential for complete recovery and normalization of brain metabolism in major depressive episode following ECT. It also shows the risk of false interpretation of brain PET in patients with depression.
Initiative could give free access to UK medical research
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Most of the United Kingdom's new biomedical research could be freely available this time next year if a consortium led by the Wellcome Trust gets its way. Next week the consortium will advertise for a technical partner to set up a UK “mirror” of PubMed Central, the free online archive of life science literature administered by the US National Library of Medicine.

As well as making available the data held in PubMed Central, the UK archive would allow the ingestion of local peer reviewed articles …
Abstract 1442: Prognostic value of Dicer expression in human breast cancers and association with the mesenchymal phenotype
Authors: Caroline Moyret-Lalle, Gael Grelier, Christine Lasset, Nicolas Voirin, Sylvie Chabaud, Isabelle Treilleux, Alain Puisieux
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Dicer, a ribonuclease, is the key enzyme required for biogenesis of miRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). It was previously shown that Dicer is essential for mammalian development and cell differentiation. Recent evidence indicates that Dicer may be involved in tumorigenesis. However, no studies have examined the clinical significance of Dicer at both RNA and protein levels in breast cancer. Methods: In this study, the biological and prognostic value of Dicer expression was assessed in breast cancer cell lines, breast cancer progression cellular-models, and in two independent and well-characterised set of breast carcinomas with long term follow-up using tissue microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: We have found that Dicer protein expression is significantly associated with hormone receptors status in breast tumours. Dicer mRNA expression appeared to have an independent prognostic impact in metastatic disease. In the breast cancer cell lines, lower Dicer expression was found in cells harbouring a mesenchymal phenotype and in metastatic bone derivatives of a breast cancer cell line. These findings suggested that down-regulation of Dicer expression may be related to metastatic spread of tumours. Conclusions: Assessment of Dicer expression may facilitate prediction of distant metastases for patient suffering from breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1442.
UNUSUAL PAPILLOMATOUS GROWTH IN THE LARYNX.
Authors: JOSEPH S. GIBB
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The case which it is my privilege to present to the Section at this meeting was one of such unusual character as, in my judgment, to merit publication. While many of the features of the case are common to laryngeal growths, there is one characteristic, viz., its color, which makes it almost unique. The opportunity afforded to study this case from an early period of its existence to the close was most fortunate, and I trust not unproductive of results, if not of immediate value to the patient, at least an addition to our store of knowledge in the field of laryngeal growths. The history as taken from the records is as follows: John D., aged 52 years, a laboring man, always enjoyed good health until present illness; family history is good. No tuberculosis or cancer existed in family so far as he knows. He had a chancre when a
Are Psychiatric Benefits Worth the Cost?
Authors: Donald J. Scherl
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The June 1985 issue of theArchives of General Psychiatrydevotes a major share of its space to six papers,<sup>1-6</sup>each of which bears on fundamental questions of cost and of benefit in the provision of psychiatric services. Five years ago, theArchiveswould probably not have published more than six such articles in an entire year. But the new fiscal regulatory environment dominating current thought about the provision of medical services is also fundamentally altering the manner in which services are and will in the future be provided. It may be useful to recall briefly how the present situation came to pass. To considerably simplify a complex history, until the end of World War II, American psychiatry was overwhelmingly (although not exclusively) a public-sector-state-hospital dominated field. From 1945 until the early 1960s, psychiatry experienced a period dominated by specialization (and subspecialization) of practitioners and by an accelerated formulation
Addressing Privacy Concerns Through the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule
Authors: Sharona Hoffman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

"Addressing Privacy Concerns Through the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Privacy Rule." The American Journal of Bioethics, 7(3), pp. 48–49 Notes 1. Under the HIPPA Privacy Rule, PHI means “individually identifiable health information” that is electronically or otherwise stored or transmitted (45 C.F.R. § 160.103 [2005]). 2. The HIPPA Privacy Rule delineates specific exceptions to the use and disclosure prohibition, which generally relate to medical treatment or obligations established by law (45 C.F.R. § 164.502 & 164.512 [2005]).
Endoscopic drainage of gastric wall mycetoma
Authors: Francesca Picconi, Francesco Di Matteo, Monica Pandolfi, Margareth Martino, Roberta Rea, Alessandra Bizzotto, Guido Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

A 69-year-old patient was referred to our unit for further investigation of an encapsulated fluid collection (34 mm × 20 mm) detected within the gastric wall at abdominal computed tomography (CT) ([Fig. 1]).
A phase 2 trial of standard-dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) and rituximab plus bevacizumab for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: SWOG 0515
Authors: Alison T. Stopeck, Joseph M. Unger, Lisa M. Rimsza, Michael LeBlanc, Brent Farnsworth, Maria Iannone, Martha J. Glenn, Richard I. Fisher, Thomas P. Miller
Journal: Blood (2012)
Possible Mechanisms for Vaginal Infection with<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: EDWARD A. MORTIMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Previous epidemiologic studies of staphylococcal infections in newborn infants and surgical patients provide clues to the method of infection in toxic shock syndrome. In newborn infants, staphylococci were shown to be transmitted most often by the hands of nursery personnel to the umbilical stump, which afforded a warm, moist milieu for bacterial growth. Studies indicated that many surgical wound infections were due to the patients' own organisms, which were carried into the operating room on the patient's skin. It is hypothesized that in toxic shock syndrome the tampon becomes contaminated with a staphylococcal strain from the woman's own hands or skin during the process of insertion. With menstrual blood retained by the tampon in the warm vagina acting as a culture medium, the organism multiplies and elaborates toxin.
Microvascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with expression and activation of nitric oxide synthases and endothelin early after cardiac transplantation in humans
Authors: S.M. Wildhirt, M. Wois, C. Schulze, U. Wilbert-Lampen, N. Conrad, G. Rieder, P. Ueberfuhr, H. Reichenspurner, B. Reinchart
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Situation on health targets "is hardly any better" than it was 10 years ago
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A concerted effort is needed to put the health related millennium development goals (MDGs) back on track, say participants at the Action for Global Health coalition’s UK policy conference.

Representatives from key health and development charities met this week to discuss strategies to accelerate progress towards the health goals in the run up to next September’s MDG review summit.

Participants heard that, 10 years after world leaders promised action to reduce the number of children dying before their fifth birthday, lower the numbers of women dying in childbirth, and bring the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis to a stop, “the situation is hardly any better today than it was then.”

Progress on MDG 4, reducing child mortality by two thirds by 2015, has …
Second Serve: The Renee Richards Story
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Renee Richards was born a male, Richard Raskind, and underwent a sex change operation at the age of 40 years. By that time she had become a successful ophthalmic surgeon, married, fathered a child, and divorced.<i>Second Serve</i>is her view of her life. The book focuses on her desire to become and be accepted as a woman, and is of particular interest to physicians involved in the treatment of gender-identity disorders. However, the reader should be aware of the author's bias that surgery is the treatment of choice for transsexuals. She believes that she was badly served by the medical profession in general and by psychiatrists in particular because they prevented her from undergoing surgery sooner than she did. Richards, with a brief nod to biochemical theories of gender identity disorders, describes her childhood in a brilliant but seriously disturbed family: "If I sat down to write a case
NHS is told to save £2.2bn by being more efficient
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The NHS in England could save more than £2bn (€3bn; $3.7bn) a year through better productivity and efficiency, says the Department of Health.

Tackling big variations in performance could unlock resources worth £2.2bn and improve care of patients at the same time, said the health minister Andy Burnham.

New indicators, which will be produced quarterly by the NHS, are designed to show how much each trust could save if it was performing as well as the best 25%. The indicators target a number of areas, including length of stay in hospital, efficiency of emergency admissions …
Breast and Ovarian Cancer in the Older Woman
Authors: William P. Tew, Hyman B. Muss, Gretchen G. Kimmick, Vivian E. Von Gruenigen, Stuart M. Lichtman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Nearly half of all women diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer are age 65 years or older with the number of women diagnosed expected to increase as the population ages and life expectancy improves. Older women are less likely to be offered standard cancer treatments, are more likely to develop higher toxicity, and have higher mortality. Chronologic age should not be the only factor used for making treatment decisions. Functional dependence, organ function, comorbidity, polypharmacy, social support, cognitive and/or psychosocial factors, overall life expectancy, and patient's goals of care are equally vital and should be assessed before and during treatment. In this review, current evidence and treatment guidelines for older women with breast or ovarian cancer are outlined.
Infant Death Rates
Authors: James R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Balfe's editorial notes correctly that "<i>Infant mortality is, for the most part, a social rather than a medical problem</i>." But his subsequent statement, "It is time to dispel the idea that it (the infant death rate) is a valid indicator of the health status of the United States population" is misleading. Mr. Balfe compares the demographic and ethnic characteristics of the United States and Sweden, arguing that because Sweden is smaller and has a less-heterogeneous population it should be expected to have a lower infant death rate. Indeed Sweden does enjoy a rate only 60% of the United States rate, but the demographic and ethnic argument explains away very little of this discrepancy. New Hampshire is a small state of about 10,000 sq miles and 700,000 souls, 99% of whom are white, and the vast majority of whom are Christian. It is hilly, rural, and often cold.
The short-term/long-term memory distinction: Back to the past?
Authors: Giuseppe Vallar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The view that short-term memory should be conceived of as being a process based on the activation of long-term memory is inconsistent with neuropsychological evidence. Data from brain-damaged patients, showing specific patterns of impairment, are compatible with a vision of memory as a multiple-component system, whose different aspects, in neurologically unimpaired subjects, show a high degree of interaction.
Essentials of General Surgery
Authors: E. R. Woodward
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is much more than a textbook of surgery, it is a complete system for teaching medical students in their required surgery clerkship. It is comparatively brief and is intended to be read in its entirety by the student. A set of 35-mm slides is included for use by the teacher. These are copies of the line drawings and roentgenograms from the text and are very well done. In addition, videotapes for teaching surgical procedures and skills are available (<i>Surgical Skills 1, 2, 3, 4</i>, four videocassettes, $780; the entire package is $1950), along with computed problems to teach clinical decision making. The instructor also has available a bank of examinations, both oral and written. The initial chapters are on general topics such as fluid and electrolyte balance, nutrition, hemorrhage, shock, wound healing, and infections. The subsequent chapters are organized in the traditional organ system fashion. Each chapter begins with
Bioterrorism: A Guide for Hospital Preparedness
Authors: John R. Middleton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 October 2005Bioterrorism: A Guide for Hospital PreparednessJohn R. Middleton, MDJohn R. Middleton, MDFrom Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, New Jersey.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-7-200510040-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Masci JR, Bass R. 361 pages. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Pr; 2005. $129.95. ISBN 084931660X. Order at www.crcpress.com.Field of medicine: Public health, epidemiology, emergency medicine, administrative medicine, and infectious diseases.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Hospital chief medical officers, infectious disease physicians, emergency medicine physicians, state and local public health officials, hospital preparedness committees, chief information officers, and hospital administrators.Purpose: To provide “guidance to hospitals, health care workers, public health authorities . . . in preparing for bioterrorism.”Content: The book frames issues related to the recognition of bioterrorist events: hospital preparedness and response. The first section on historical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, New Jersey. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 October 2005Volume 143, Issue 7Page: 548KeywordsEmergency medicineExerciseHealth care providersHospital medicineInfectious diseasesInternetPatientsPrevention, policy, and public healthSoftware toolsVaccines ePublished: 4 October 2005 Issue Published: 4 October 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Above average glucose level may boost dementia risk in people without diabetes
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An above average level of glucose in the blood may increase the risk of developing dementia in older people—even among those who do not have diabetes, a known risk factor for the condition—a long term study published in the New England Journal of Medicine has indicated . 1

The US researchers based their findings on 2067 randomly selected members of a healthcare system in Washington State, who were free of dementia when they enrolled into the Adult Changes in …
The art of the mentally ill
Authors: J. Richardson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

I was much interested by Allan Beveridge's article1 (November 2001 JRSM) and consider his conclusions to be wise. Figure 1 reproduces a painting done by one of my patients in the course of a mental illness. When a student at a local university he developed a psychological illness which colleagues and I diagnosed as schizophrenia, albeit not severe; there was no aggression or ill-feeling towards friends or neighbours. Unfortunately he later died of a perforated gastric ulcer, and the picture was given to me by the family. It depicts a rough scene in some seaside bay, but the patient's father could not recall any visit to such a scene. Colleagues have agreed with me that it illustrates turmoil of mind.



Figure 1.

Patient's illustration of a stormy bay



Dr Beveridge's remarks on the disquieting feeling of strangeness perhaps apply also to other arts such as music. As an organist I feel that music can offer similar glimpses into the mind of the composer.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Controls Dendritic Cell Development Downstream of Flt3 Ligand Signaling
Authors: Taheri Sathaliyawala, William E. O'Gorman, Melanie Greter, Milena Bogunovic, Vjollca Konjufca, Z. Esther Hou, Garry P. Nolan, Mark J. Miller, Miriam Merad, Boris Reizis
Journal: Immunity (2010)