tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells as a Source of Regenerative Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Keiichi Fukuda, Shinsuke Yuasa
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The realization of regenerative cardiac medicine depends on the availability of cardiomyocytes in sufficient numbers for transplantation of cardiac tissue and the accompanying blood vessels. Embryonic stem (ES) cells, bone marrow (BM) stem cells, and tissue-derived stem cells are all potential cell sources. Although ES cells are highly proliferative and suitable for mass production, an efficient protocol is yet to be established to ensure selective cardiomyocyte induction using these cells. Recent advances in developmental biology have clarified the involvement of critical factors in cardiomyocyte differentiation, including bone morphogenic protein and Wnt signaling proteins, and such factors have the potential to improve the efficiency of stem cell induction. Initial studies of the intracoronary administration of BM mononuclear cells after myocardial infarction has yielded promising results; however, intensive investigation of the underlying molecular mechanisms at play as well as double-blinded clinical trials will be necessary to establish the extent of both migration of the BM stem cells into the damaged cardiac tissue and their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Several types of cardiac tissue stem cells have also been reported, but an accurate and extensive comparison of these cells with regard to their characteristics and multipotency remains to be done. An integrative study involving developmental biology, stem cell biology, and tissue engineering is required to achieve the full potential of cardiac regeneration.
Loss of maternal allele in a child with myelodysplastic syndrome and monosomy 7
Authors: Dilek Aktas, Id?l Yenicesu, Gonul H?csonmez, Ergul Tuncbilek
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Monosomy 7 or partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7 is frequently described in children with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloblastic leukemia. Parental origin of chromosome 7 in children with sporadic monosomy 7 has been examined very rarely. To investigate if monosomy 7 shows parent-of-origin, we have studied a female child with monosomy 7 and de novo myelodysplastic syndrome by a series of polymorphic polymerase chain reaction markers. We found loss of maternal allele and discussed the results with the previous reports. Am. J. Hematol. 62:49–51, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comment Regarding the Stability of Active Ingredients in Long-Expired Prescription Medications
Authors: Michael M. Madden, Frank M. Etzler, Thomas Gant
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
GEM2005 trial update comparing VMP/VTP as induction in elderly multiple myeloma patients: do we still need alkylators?
Authors: María-Victoria Mateos, Albert Oriol, Joaquín Martínez-López, Ana-Isabel Teruel, Ana López de la Guía, Javier López, Enrique Bengoechea, Montserrat Pérez, Rafael Martínez, Luis Palomera, Felipe de Arriba, Yolanda González, José Mariano Hernández, Miquel Granell, José-Luis Bello, Joan Bargay, Francisco-Javier Peñalver, María-Luisa Martín-Mateos, Bruno Paiva, María-Angeles Montalbán, Joan Bladé, Juan-Jose Lahuerta, Jesús F. San-Miguel
Journal: Blood (2014)
The Exocrine Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology, and Diseases
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Until now, the pancreas has received only honorable mention in the comprehensive textbooks of gastroenterology. The 900 oversized pages devoted to the understanding of this organ allow larger print as well as outstanding diagrams, graphs, photomicrographs, and images. The use of color is limited to two pages. The six editors have collected the contributions of 86 internationally recognized experts in all fields related to the pancreas. This volume is really two books in one. Almost equally divided, the first half deals with the basic science and experimental aspects of anatomy, exocrine secretion, neurohormonal control, and digestion. The second half deals with the clinical aspects of pancreatic diseases and their pathophysiology and management. A sampling of the clinical material reveals one major omission—a chapter on the medical management of acute pancreatitis. The one-paragraph discussion of the management of acute pancreatitis is hidden in the chapter entitled "Ethanol and the Pancreas." Although
Leptin: a novel therapeutic role in lipodystrophy
Authors: D.B. Savage, S. O’Rahilly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Lipodystrophic syndromes encompass a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by partial or generalized loss of adipose tissue depots (1). They are commonly associated with dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and severe insulin resistance (2). The fact that insulin resistance and the consequent progression to diabetes can result from either obesity or lipodystrophy reflects the crucial role of adipose tissue in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In the absence of adequate adipocyte capacity, excess calories cannot be diverted to their normal storage depot; instead they accumulate as increased triglyceride stores in liver, in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and in the pancreatic β cell. This extra-adipose lipid accumulation, through as-yet unclear means, is associated with impaired insulin action and, often, diabetes.

In addition to their passive role as storage depots, normal adipocytes secrete a number of peptides (“adipokines”) that may influence insulin sensitivity and/or energy balance (3, 4). These include potential insulin sensitizers, such as leptin and Acrp30 (also known as adiponectin), and insulin antagonists, including TNF-α, IL-6, and possibly resistin. The insulin resistance of lipodystrophy may therefore be the result of disturbed lipid fluxes and/or abnormalities of adipokine secretion.

The striking similarity of murine models of lipodystrophy to the human phenotype has provided insights into the metabolic disarray observed in this disorder as well as revealing several therapeutic options. Insulin sensitivity improves dramatically following fat transplantation in mice with generalized lipodystrophy, a finding that was first taken to suggest a critical role for adipocyte mass per se (5). However, the failure of fat transplanted from ob/ob (leptin-deficient) mice to reverse the metabolic disturbance highlighted the importance of adipocyte-derived leptin (6). Further support for this notion comes from the previously described beneficial effects of leptin administration in a different lipodystrophic strain of mice (7). More recently, Yamauchi et al. have suggested that combined leptin and adiponectin infusions are required to fully restore normal insulin action in yet another lipodystrophic mouse model (8).

Adipose tissue transplantation in humans has been considered but has not yet been reported. As an alternative to such surgery, might adipose mass be stimulated pharmacologically? The nuclear hormone receptor PPARγ plays a key role in adipogenesis, and its agonists increase fat mass in humans and appear to do the same in at least some lipodystrophic patients (9). However, the impact of this approach in generalized lipodystrophy has yet to be convincingly demonstrated. It may also confer some risk of increased hepatic steatosis, as is seen in lipodystrophic mice treated with rosiglitazone, a known PPARγ agonist (10).
Plasma Leptin Is Related to Proinflammatory Status and Dietary Intake in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: ANNEMIE M. W. J. SCHOLS, EVA C. CREUTZBERG, WIM A. BUURMAN, L. ARTHUR CAMPFIELD, WIM H. M. SARIS, EMIEL F. M. WOUTERS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome of chronic wasting, in part associated with a chronic inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectionally and prospectively the potential role of leptin in relation to systemic inflammation in the regulation of the energy balance in COPD. Body composition by deuterium dilution, resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry, and plasma concentrations of leptin and soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors (sTNF-R) 55 and 75 by ELISA were measured in 27 male patients with emphysema and 15 male patients with chronic bronchitis (disease-subtype defined by high-resolution computed tomography [HRCT]). Emphysematous patients were characterized by a lower body mass index due to a lower fat mass (FM) (p = 0.001) and by lower mean (detectable) leptin concentrations (p = 0.020) compared with bronchitic patients. Leptin was exponentially related to FM in emphysema (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and in chronic bronchitis (r = 0.80, p = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant partial correlation coefficient between leptin and sTNF-R55 adjusted for FM and oral corticosteroid use was seen in emphysema (r = 0.81, p < 0.001) but not in chronic bronchitis. In 17 predominantly emphysematous depleted male patients with COPD, baseline plasma leptin divided by FM was in addition logarithmically inversely related to baseline dietary intake (r = -0.50, p = 0.047) and to the degree of weight change after 8 wk of nutritional support (r = -0.60, p = 0.017). This proposed cytokine-leptin link in pulmonary cachexia may explain the poor response to nutritional support in some of the cachectic patients with COPD and may open a novel approach in combating this significant comorbidity in COPD. Schols AMWJ, Creutzberg EC, Buurman WA, Campfield LA, Saris WHM, Wouters EFM. Plasma leptin is related to proinflammatory status and dietary intake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The stem cell niches in bone
Authors: T. Yin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The stem cell niche is composed of a specialized population of cells that plays an essential role in regulating adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In adults, osteoblasts, responsible for osteogenesis, and hematopoietic cells, responsible for hematopoiesis, are closely associated in the bone marrow, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between the two. It was recently discovered that a subset of osteoblasts functions as a key component of the HSC niche (namely, the osteoblastic niche), controlling HSC numbers. HSCs interact not only with osteoblasts but also with other stromal cells, including endothelial cells. Sinusoidal endothelial cells in bone marrow have been revealed as an alternative HSC niche called the vascular niche. In this Review we compare the architecture of these 2 HSC niches in bone marrow. We also highlight the function of osteoblasts in maintaining a quiescent HSC microenvironment and the likely role of the vascular niche in regulating stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and mobilization. In addition, we focus on studies of animal models and in vitro assays that have provided direct insights into the actions of these osteoblastic and vascular niches, revealing central roles for numerous signaling and adhesion molecules. Many of the discoveries described herein may contribute to future clinical treatments for hematopoietic and bone-related disorders, including cancer.
Forceps at dawn
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) regulate immunity and cell death. RPW8 domain-containing “helper” NLRs (RNLs) are required by many “sensor” NLRs. Our crystal structure of the RNL N REQUIREMENT GENE 1.1 (NRG1.1) N-terminal signaling domain resembled that of the resting state plant resistosome-forming HOPZ-ACTIVATED RESISTANCE 1 (ZAR1) and the animal MIXED-LINEAGE KINASE-LIKE (MLKL) cation channel. Active NRG1.1 oligomerized, was enriched in plasma membrane puncta and conferred cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx in plant and human HeLa cells. NRG1.1-dependent Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and cell death were sensitive to Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel blockers. Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and cell death mediated by NRG1.1 and ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ADR1), another RNL, required conserved negatively charged N-terminal residues. Thus, RNLs apparently form influx channels to directly regulate cytoplasmic [Ca<sup>2+</sup>] and consequent cell death. <h3>One Sentence Summary</h3> A specific class of plant immune receptors function as calcium-permeable channels upon activation to induce cell death.
Parsimonious explanations and wider evolutionary consequences
Authors: James E. King
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The uncertainty response adds an important new dimension to conventional animal learning and memory studies. Although the uncertainty response by monkeys and dolphins resembled that of humans, parsimony alone does not necessarily indicate that the monkeys and dolphins had a full self-awareness. However, the uncertain response may be an index of an evolutionary precursor to full self-awareness of uncertainty and a theory of mind.
Cognitive architectures need compliancy, not universality
Authors: Richard M. Young
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The criterion of computational universality for an architecture should be replaced by the notion of compliancy, where a model built within an architecture is compliant to the extent that the model allows the architecture to determine the processing. The test should be that the architecture does easily – that is, enables a compliant model to do – what people do easily.
Cancer Chemotherapy Aimed At Potential Cell Regulators
Authors: Frances E. Knock
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Marked toxic reactions to wound healing and marrow have plagued clinical cancer chemotherapy with drugs like the nitrogen mustards and fluorouracil attacking nucleic acids or depressing their synthesis. From recent data, sulfhydryl or SH groups on protein appear to play essential roles in regulatory processes from cell membranes to chromosomes.<sup>1-3</sup>Nature herself may control cell division by regulating SH groups through use of the SH inhibitor retine.<sup>3</sup>Clinically, selected SH inhibitors aimed at potential cell regulators have regressed a variety of human cancers with minimal injury to hematologic status or even improvement in some patients, and without injury to normal wound healing.<sup>1,2-4</sup>Administration of the SH inhibitors is usually started 24 to 48 hours after major cancer surgery, such as radical mastectomy, radical hysterectomy, bowel resection, or pelvic exenteration.<sup>4</sup> Two potent SH inhibitors of markedly different chemical design, oxophenarsine hydrochloride and iodoacetate, are now
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma and interdigitating reticulum cell sarcoma: A review
Authors: R. Fonseca, M. Yamakawa, S. Nakamura, P. van Heerde, M. Miettinen, T.W. H. Shek, O. Myhre Jensen, M. C. Rousselet, A. Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Neoplasms of reticular dendritic origin are extremely rare and include the follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) and the interdigitating reticulum (or dendritic) cell sarcoma (IDCS). In this article, we review the literature pertaining to the two diseases and describe clinical observations and salient pathologic features, including information provided by authors of FDCS and IDDCS reports. We performed a computerized database search for published articles regarding FDCS and IDDCS. The articles were evaluated critically by the authors. Simple descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. There are 51 cases of FDCS and 21 cases of IDDCS that are well documented in the literature. The pathologic diagnosis of FDCS and IDDCS is often challenging and requires morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytochemical, and electron-microscopic analysis. Patients with FDCS usually present with cervical or axillary lymphadenopathy, but extranodal disease has been described. In at least some patients, preexisting Castleman's disease has been recognized. Resected localized disease may be prevented from recurrence by consolidative radiotherapy. Chemotherapy regimens have shown nondurable antitumor activity in FDCS. Patients with IDDCS usually present with lymphadenopathy. The clinical course of IDDCS has been variable, but it seems to be more aggressive than that of FDCS. Variable degrees of remission may be achieved with chemotherapy. FDCS and IDDCS are rare neoplasms that may pose difficulty in pathologic diagnosis. IDDCS seems to display a more aggressive behavior than FDCS. Patients with IDDCS and FDCS can eventually die of disease progression. The role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is not clearly defined. Am. J. Hematol. 59:161–167, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BMA wants to reform the reforms
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

“We need to reform the reforms,” the chairman of the BMA council, Dr Sandy Macara, told a press conference last week to mark the third anniversary of the NHS reforms. The association had predicted that there would be a lack of direction about the introduction of the internal market and took no pleasure in saying “we told you so.” There had to be a return to equity in the provision of health care with decisions being made on clinical grounds, Dr Macara said. The internal market would not go away and doctors had to make it work in the best interest of patients. The association is calling for a period of tranquility and for the government to listen to the people working in the service.

Mr John Chawner, chairman of the Central Consultants and Specialists Committee, doubted whether patients were better off. Every day there were new examples of fast tracking for patients of fundholding general practitioners and waiting lists were going up for people with serious illnesses. “It is obvious to everyone except ministers that there is huge dissatisfaction in the health service,” Mr Chawner said. Managers were interfering in clinical decisions and many senior staff were frightened to speak out on behalf of patients. He believed that the reforms had destroyed the brotherhood in the service and reported that there was a motion at the annual conference of senior hospital staffs in June calling for consultants to resign from the NHS and sell their services back to hospitals. A similar proposal last year was defeated but Mr Chawner said that the CCSC would be examining possible schemes.

General practitioners have also had to grapple with a …
HLA-Cw polypmorphism and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene analysis in Korean colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Hyung-Jin Kim, Hae-Baeg Choi, Jung-Pil Jang, In-Cheol Baek, Eun-Jeong Choi, Miyoung Park, Tai-Gyu Kim, Seong-Taek Oh
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2014)
Hormonal Testing and Pharmacologic Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Vincenza Snow, Thomas D. Denberg, Donald E. Casey, Mary Ann Forciea, Douglas K. Owens, Paul Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Description: The American College of Physicians developed this guideline to present the available evidence on hormonal testing in and pharmacologic management of erectile dysfunction. Current pharmacologic therapies include phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, such as sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil, mirodenafil, and udenafil, and hormonal treatment. Methods: Published literature on this topic was identified by using MEDLINE (1966 to May 2007), EMBASE (1980 to week 22 of 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (second quarter of 2007), PsycINFO (1985 to June 2007), AMED (1985 to June 2007), and SCOPUS (2006). The literature search was updated by searching for articles in MEDLINE and EMBASE published between May 2007 and April 2009. Searches were limited to English-language publications. This guideline grades the evidence and recommendations by using the American College of Physicians' clinical practice guidelines grading system. Recommendation 1: The American College of Physicians recommends that clinicians initiate therapy with a PDE-5 inhibitor in men who seek treatment for erectile dysfunction and who do not have a contraindication to PDE-5 inhibitor use (Grade: strong recommendation; high-quality evidence). Recommendation 2: The American College of Physicians recommends that clinicians base the choice of a specific PDE-5 inhibitor on the individual preferences of men with erectile dysfunction, including ease of use, cost of medication, and adverse effects profile (Grade: weak recommendation; low-quality evidence). Recommendation 3: The American College of Physicians does not recommend for or against routine use of hormonal blood tests or hormonal treatment in the management of patients with erectile dysfunction (Grade: insufficient evidence to determine net benefits and harms).
Communicative Disorders Related to Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Hubert L. Gerstman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Communicative disorders have become a part of the work of many medical specialists. The problems of managing such disorders are best exemplified by examining the services for the child born with cleft palate. In this book on the subject, divided into five parts, the "team" is shown to function effectively as each author relates his specialty to many of the others. The blending of social services, dentistry, surgery, psychology, radiology, speech pathology, and otolaryngology as described, may, in many ways, be portraying the future of interdisciplinary professional activities. As a specific treatise on cleft palate, the book is exciting, well-documented, and very readable. Because communication embodies more than a simple motor act, the volume begins with a general psychosocial context and proceeds through causation, before the specific types of communicative disorders are described. Diagnostic measurement is extensively explored, while the last section takes up a variety of concepts dealing with