tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Requisite Role for Induced Regulatory T Cells in Tolerance Based on Expanding Antigen Receptor Diversity
Authors: Dipica Haribhai, Jason B. Williams, Shuang Jia, Derek Nickerson, Erica G. Schmitt, Brandon Edwards, Jennifer Ziegelbauer, Maryam Yassai, Shun-Hwa Li, Lance M. Relland, Petra M. Wise, Andrew Chen, Yu-Qian Zheng, Pippa M. Simpson, Jack Gorski, Nita H. Salzman, Martin J. Hessner, Talal A. Chatila, Calvin B. Williams
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Estrogen Therapy and Cognition: A Review of the Cholinergic Hypothesis
Authors: Robert B. Gibbs
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

The pros and cons of estrogen therapy for use in postmenopausal women continue to be a major topic of debate in women's health. Much of this debate focuses on the potential benefits vs. harm of estrogen therapy on the brain and the risks for cognitive impairment associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease. Many animal and human studies suggest that estrogens can have significant beneficial effects on brain aging and cognition and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's-related dementia; however, others disagree. Important discoveries have been made, and hypotheses have emerged that may explain some of the inconsistencies. This review focuses on the cholinergic hypothesis, specifically on evidence that beneficial effects of estrogens on brain aging and cognition are related to interactions with cholinergic projections emanating from the basal forebrain. These cholinergic projections play an important role in learning and attentional processes, and their function is known to decline with advanced age and in association with Alzheimer's disease. Evidence suggests that many of the effects of estrogens on neuronal plasticity and function and cognitive performance are related to or rely upon interactions with these cholinergic projections; however, studies also suggest that the effectiveness of estrogen therapy decreases with age and time after loss of ovarian function. We propose a model in which deficits in basal forebrain cholinergic function contribute to age-related changes in the response to estrogen therapy. Based on this model, we propose that cholinergic-enhancing drugs, used in combination with an appropriate estrogen-containing drug regimen, may be a viable therapeutic strategy for use in older postmenopausal women with early evidence of mild cognitive decline.
Renin and Angiotensin Tachyphylaxis
Authors: K. D. BOCK, F. GROSS
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Tn the conscious dog, synthetic angioteiisin and crude hog renin produce dose-response curves which run strictly parallel if the max imum blood pressure attained is taken as the parameter. Repeated injections of small or medium closes of angioteitsiri or of small doses of renin do not l)roduce tachyphylaxis. In contrast, high closes of renin, as well as of angiotensin, diminish or abolish the pressor response to subsequent injections of the same substances. Furthermore, cros.s tachyphylaxis between renin and arigiotensin can be demon strated. infusions of renin and angiotensin in various dosages elicit characteristic blood pressure changes, which are very similar for both substances and also display tachyphy laxis at sufficiently high doses. It is concluded that so-called renin tachyphylaxis is, in fact, due to a diminished response to angiotensin. This might be takeii as an indirect proof that renin liberates aiigiotensiri not only iii vitro hut. also in the organism.
Successful treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura by vincristine
Authors: Marshall T. Schreeder, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Two patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP) are described in whom vincristine administration appeared to play a role in successful outcomes. The first patient with chronic TTP responded partially to plasma exchange followed by plasma infusion and transiently to splenectomy, but developed a complete long lasting remission after a single injection of intravenous vincristine. The second patient developed a complete remission following vincristine administration and plasma exchange. Although vincristine's mechanism of action in TTP is obscure, we suggest that vincristine is effective in the treatment of this infrequent and often fatal disease.
PAIMS 2: Alteplase combined with heparin versus heparin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Plasminogen activator Italian multicenter study 2
Authors: Sergio Dalla-Volta, Antonio Palla, Annamaria Santolicandro, Carlo Giuntini, Vittorio Pengo, Odoardo Visioli, Pietro Zonzin, Domenico Zanuttini, Franco Barbaresi, Giancarlo Agnelli, Mario Morpurgo, Maria Giulia Marini, Luigi Visani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Black-Copper Reduction Reaction Simulating Alkaptonuria — Occurrence after Intravenous Urography
Authors: Stephen Lee, Irwin Schoen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

CERTAIN inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism, including galactosuria, lactosuria and fructosuria, certain drugs, alkaptohuria and melanoma, may give a positive reaction with the copper-reduction tablets (Clinitest) in tests for glucosuria. Except for the last two conditions these conditions give the expected positive colors: green, light orange and bright orange. The last 2 give a black copper reduction reaction.1 Since malignant melanoma is usually suspected clinically the finding of a black copper-reduction reaction is important in that it may be the first evidence of alkaptonuria. We had the interesting experience recently of discovering a number of urines that gave such a . . .
FURTHER EXPERIENCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF UTERINE DISPLACEMENTS.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I have been prompted to present this subject on account of the misapprehension which, I believe, has prevailed respecting the character of an abnormal position of the uterus, and the method of treatment that should be adopted for the correction in certain cases. It has been a frequent occurrence to meet with cases having a marked backward displacement where a pessary had been inserted and worn for a considerable period without an attempt being made to overcome the adhesions and to restore the organ to a position as nearly normal as possible. For convenience in treatment, uterine displacement may properly be divided into two classes, namely: anterior and posterior rotation. I have often found the former division to yield quite readily to dilatation and to the maintaining of the patency of the cervical canal; this can be effected by the employment of a glass drainage-tube while the patient is kept
PRUSSIAN OBSTETRICS IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY
Authors: J. R. Clemens
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —Following is an extract from an old manuscript in the Royal Library of Berlin of one Johann Dietz, surgeon in the army of the Great Elector and barber to the royal court, circa A. D. 1679:  The womenfolk said:  Dietz, we could not save him; your child is dead; and if you wish to save your wife's life you must send for Master Dorn who removes the embryo. I was greatly shocked and did not know what to do. Nevertheless I made up my mind and said: If it is only a question of being able and willing to do what Dorn can do, that I can do also. I laid my hand on my wife and sought by exploration to discover how the foetus lay. It was situated with left arm and armpit the wrong way round. And on account of the wind which is
The prognosis of chronic active hepatitis without cirrhosis in relation to bridging necrosis
Authors: W. Graham, E. Cooksley, Robin A. Bradbear, William Robinson, Mark Harrison, June W. Halliday, Lawrie W. Powell, Han-Seung Ng, Chen-Siang Seah, Kunio Okuda, Peter J. Scheuer, Sheila Sherlock
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Sixty-nine patients with chronic active hepatitis without cirrhosis were studied to define the prognostic implications of bridging necrosis of various types. There were 19 patients without bridging necrosis compared with 50 patients with bridging necrosis. The two groups did not differ significantly at presentation in age, sex, clinical or laboratory features. In the group without bridging necrosis, no patient died from the disease and none of 13 having a later biopsy developed cirrhosis. In the group with bridging necrosis, one patient died from hepatic failure and 7 of 36 developed cirrhosis (19%). When analyzed statistically, a significant (p&lt;0.05) relationship is seen between increasing severity of initial lesion and the subsequent development of cirrhosis. It is concluded that patients with piecemeal necrosis without bridging should not be grouped together with patients with bridging necrosis or cirrhosis when considering management decisions.
Uncoordinated aid efforts after earthquake could result in duplication, WHO warns
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An uncoordinated inflow of medical supplies to Kashmir could result in duplication and unnecessary logistic burden, the World Health Organization has warned aid agencies. International agencies are gearing up for a massive relief effort after last weekend's earthquake that devastated the divided region of Kashmir. While warning that water borne diseases are a major public health concern, WHO cautions, “There is a risk that an uncoordinated inflow of medical supplies will result in duplication of efforts causing an unnecessary logistic burden.”

A spokesman for the World Health Organization said, “Severe damage to health facilities …
Overseeing Device Recalls
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapy prolongation improves outcome in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Helmut Gadner, Milen Minkov, Nicole Grois, Ulrike Pötschger, Elfriede Thiem, Maurizio Aricò, Itziar Astigarraga, Jorge Braier, Jean Donadieu, Jan-Inge Henter, Gritta Janka-Schaub, Kenneth L. McClain, Sheila Weitzman, Kevin Windebank, Stephan Ladisch
Journal: Blood (2013)
Retroviral Rebound Syndrome after Cessation of Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy in Three Patients with Chronic HIV Infection
Authors: Roy Colven
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: Although viral rebound follows cessation of suppressive antiretroviral therapy in chronic HIV infection, a viremic clinical syndrome has not been described. Objective: To describe a retroviral syndrome associated with cessation of effective antiretroviral therapy in chronic HIV infection. Design: Case reports. Setting: Outpatient HIV specialty clinics in Seattle, Washington, and Boston, Massachusetts. Patients: Three patients with chronic HIV infection who discontinued suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Measurements: Clinical course, plasma HIV RNA levels, and CD4 cell counts before, during, and after cessation of antiretroviral therapy. Results: Within 6 weeks after stopping antiretroviral therapy, each patient experienced a clinical illness that resembled a primary HIV syndrome. This coincided with a marked increase in HIV RNA level and, in two of three patients, a decrease in CD4 cell count. After antiretroviral therapy was restarted, each patient's symptoms rapidly resolved in association with resuppression of HIV RNA and increase in CD4 cell count or percentage. Conclusion: A retroviral rebound syndrome similar to that seen in primary HIV syndrome can occur in patients with chronic HIV infection after cessation of suppressive antiretroviral therapy.
Cases of Resuscitation
Authors: D. Mackinder
Journal: BMJ (1857)

retisicitation by the plan of the late Dr. Mnrshall Hall, so mmInv cc '1;As have now been c recorled, that it seems almtiost necc\ns.t-y to apologise for reportingr anyv more.Yet, on 't sattOlr of suichi inpUrtance, it were well that we slhouil(l not entirciv avoid its discussion unritil the puiblic are fully acquainted witlh ti scientific principles on which the " readty nie-tllod" is fountde;(d, aiol everyv iman and wvominn prepared to exercise the p1ysician,'s fuinctionl in the revivifying of an unifortuinate fellow- creatre w1ho, from sonme inauspicious circumstance, nmay have
The Importance of Influenza Vaccination—Reply
Authors: Peter Doshi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Confidence intervals: predicting uncertainty
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers evaluated the effectiveness of standardised consultations for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.1 Standardised consultations involved three goal oriented visits, which comprised education about osteoarthritis and treatment management, as well as information on physical exercises and weight loss. A cluster randomised controlled trial was used. Control treatment was usual care. Participants were recruited from primary care. Inclusion criteria included age 45-75 years and a diagnosis by a rheumatologist of osteoarthritis of the knee according to the American College of Rheumatology clinical and radiological definition. Main outcome measures included change in body weight at four months from baseline. In total, 336 patients were included, with 154 allocated to standardised consultation and 182 to usual care. At four months, the standardised consultation group showed greater weight loss than the usual care group (mean 1.11 kg (95% CI 0.70 to 1.52) v 0.37 kg (0.02 to 0.72); P=0.007). The authors concluded that, compared with usual care, a structured consultation programme for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee resulted in significantly greater short term weight loss. Which one of the following statements best describes the information provided by the 95% confidence interval for mean weight loss at four months for the standardised consultation group?
Hospital Use of Antimicrobial Drugs
Authors: WILLIAM A. CRAIG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Costs and use of antimicrobial agents in 1976 at 19 hospitals were surveyed by review of pharmacy records. Total costs of antimicrobial drugs at individual hospitals ranged from $0.65 to $1.75 per patient day and accounted for 16% to 41% of total pharmacy drug costs. There was marked variation among hospitals in use of specific antimicrobial agents, especially cephalosporins and clindamycin. The cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibiotics accounted for 66% of the total cost of antimicrobial agents. An 18-month antimicrobial drug control program at one hospital decreased antimicrobial drug costs by 31%. The major effect was in reducing cephalosporin use. The results of the control program document that a significant portion of hospital antimicrobial use is inappropriate and can be eliminated without apparent detriment to patient care.
Abstract 3: Molecular markers of prostate cancer: Investigation of microRNA profiles as a marker in patients with high-risk prostate cancer.
Authors: Petra Stegmaier, Simon Kirste, Xiaokui M. Mo, Debra L. Zynger, Arnab Chakravarti, Erica Hlavin Bell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) profile in prostate carcinoma as biomarkers to identify high-risk prostate cancer patients who may benefit from post-prostatectomy radiation therapy using global miRNA profiling. Method: Tumor from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues were obtained from 9 radical prostatectomy specimens resected for high-risk prostate cancer, to perform a pilot study using the Nanostring miRNA platform from isolated RNA. An optimized protocol utilizing the Ambion RecoverAll digestion buffer and the Qiagen miRNeasy FFPE kit was used to isolate total RNA. Each prostatectomy specimen was marked by a genitourinary pathologist and 1 mm cores of enriched areas of tumor or normal epithelial or stromal tissue were obtained. To analyze global miRNA expression, the Nanostring nCounter human miRNA Expression Assay Kit was used. The data was further analyzed in collaboration with The Ohio State University Center for Biostatistics. Results: The expression of miRNA in prostate tumor samples was compared to normal epithelium. It showed that seven miRNAs (miR-375, miR-18a, miR-25, miR-183, miR-641, miR-15b, miR-548a-3p) that were &amp;gt;1.5-fold upregulated and 4 miRNAs (miR-660, miR-1915, miR-200b, miR-205) &amp;lt;1.5-fold downregulated. Three (miR-375, miR-183, miR-205) were in accordance with previous studies published on prostate cancer. Expression of six up-regulated miRNAs (miR-205, miR-877, miR-K12-4-5p, miR-548b-3p, miR-34c-5p, ebv-miR-BART10) correlated with high risk (T&amp;gt;3 and/or Gleason score ≥ 8) and five miRNAs (up-regulated: miR-10b, miR-205; down-regulated: miR-574-5p, miR-30c, miR-499-5p) with pathological tumor stage 2 and 3. Conclusion: Our results suggest great potential for the use of miRNA profiling as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in defining the signatures of prostate cancer at different stages. We are currently completing the RNA isolation and downstream analyses in correlation with clinical data for 80 additional high-risk prostate cancer cases from the University hospital of Freiburg, Germany. Citation Format: Petra Stegmaier, Simon Kirste, Xiaokui M. Mo, Debra L. Zynger, Arnab Chakravarti, Erica Hlavin Bell. Molecular markers of prostate cancer: Investigation of microRNA profiles as a marker in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3
Medicine in the Postwar World
Authors: Morris Fishbein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IT IS well known that medicine in the postwar world will be far different from what it was at the end of World War II. The many advances, the great economic changes in the condition of peoples all over the world and the difference in the planning and organization of civilization make it folly to believe that in the years to come the status quo can be maintained or the life of previous generations enjoyed. A list of the discoveries that came out of the war through the co-ordinated and integrated research that was carried on reveals at once the . . .
The Politics of Medicare
Authors: Pete Stark
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This year, Americans are celebrating 30 years of health security provided to the nation's seniors and poor, a result of the Democratic party's ongoing response to their needs.<sup>1</sup> In this article, my observations pertain only to Medicare. Medicaid is run under state control. The House of Representatives Republican plan virtually freezes Medicaid payments to the states for 5 years, ties a block grant around the program, and tosses it overboard.<sup>2</sup>Bon voyage! Rather than abandoning the Medicaid population as congressional Republicans have proposed, many independent commissions and politicians (including myself) have long advocated subsuming Medicaid into Medicare. Polls show the American public consistently and strongly in support of Medicare.<sup>3</sup>Three quarters of the population younger than 65 years favor having the option to choose Medicare for their health insurance coverage.<sup>4</sup>Medicare has historically garnered the support of a large group of Republican members of Congress, many
Direct peroral ultraslim endoscopy-guided biliary drainage in a patient with cystic duct carcinoma and an occluded self-expandable metallic stent
Authors: Hiroshi Kawakami, Masaki Kuwatani, Yoko Abe, Yoshimasa Kubota, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Kimitoshi Kubo, Shuhei Kawahata, Naoya Sakamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Direct biliary drainage using ultraslim endoscopes has been developed for treating acute cholangitis. We present a case wherein direct biliary drainage with ultraslim endoscopy was successfully used in the setting of an occluded a partially covered self-expandable metallic stent (PC-SEMS) in a patient with unresectable cystic duct carcinoma and duodenal stenosis.
Lesson of the week: Splenic trauma complicating cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: A Fitchet
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation can result in trauma to abdominal organs. We report two cases of splenic rupture causing life threatening haemorrhage.

Unexplained hypotension after cardiopulmonary resuscitation might be due to intra-abdominal trauma and concealed haemorrhage

Case 1— A 64 year old woman who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting 10 years previously had a cardiorespiratory arrest at a railway station late one night. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started immediately by bystanders and continued for 20 minutes until paramedics arrived. Ventricular fibrillation was confirmed, and she was externally defibrillated. On arrival at hospital she was alert and breathing spontaneously but hypotensive with a blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg and a sinus tachycardia of 100 beats/min. Clinical examination suggested hypovolaemia with lowered central venous pulse pressure, normal heart sounds, and clear breath sounds. Electrocardiography confirmed an acute inferior myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis was not given because of prolonged resuscitation. She clinically improved on challenge with intravenous fluid. The central venous pulse became visible and her blood pressure rose to 120/70 mm Hg. Over the next hour progressive hypotension recurred, once again with clinical evidence of hypovolaemia. Blood pressure was restored with further intravenous fluid. An echocardiogram excluded major pericardial effusion, showing a non-dilated left ventricle with inferior wall akinesia and overall moderate function. At this stage the patient complained of left sided abdominal pain, with tenderness elicited over the left hypochondrium. Chest x ray films taken in the erect position showed no evidence of rib fractures or subdiaphragmatic gas. Ultrasonography showed …