tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventive Therapy for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis-Reply
Authors: Margarita E. Villarino
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —From a public health perspective, preventing the emergence and transmission of MDR TB in the community through the measures we described is more effective than trying to prevent the development of active TB in those individuals already infected. However, we acknowledge that managing patients infected with isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant strains of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, for which there is no demonstrable effective preventive therapy, is difficult and needs consideration. In answer to Dr Kirkland's questions: First, the CDC's recommendations for the management of persons exposed to MDR TB have not changed since their 1992 publication.<sup>1</sup>We continue to strongly recommend alternative preventive therapy (ie, multidrug regimens with drugs other than isoniazid or rifampin) for contacts of MDR TB patients who have (1) a high likelihood of having been infected with the drugresistant<i>M tuberculosis</i>strain and (2) a high likelihood of progressing to active TB. The possibility of preventive therapy
Individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating IL-2 monotherapy as remission maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Marc Buyse, Pierre Squifflet, Beverly J. Lange, Todd A. Alonzo, Richard A. Larson, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Stephen L. George, Clara D. Bloomfield, Sylvie Castaigne, Sylvie Chevret, Didier Blaise, Dominique Maraninchi, Kathryn J. Lucchesi, Tomasz Burzykowski
Journal: Blood (2011)
Fixed-Rate Pacemaker
Authors: William Dressler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the communication, "Electrical Pacemakers and Ventricular Arrhythmias" (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:775 [Nov 23] 1964) the optimum rate of heart pacing by implanted pacemakers is discussed, and the suggestion is made that more rapid fixed rates than those originally recommended may be advisable. All of the discussion, however, concerns fixed-rate pacing, and no mention is made of variable-rate pacemakers such as the Cordis implantable pacers. These are triggered by the atrial impulses so that they are under autonomic control at rates above 52 per minute, and there is a built-in safety factor of automatic fixed-rate pacing if the atrial stimulus becomes inadequate or goes below 52 per minute. The patient is also protected against too rapid rates by a self-induced 2:1 or greater block in the pacer if the atrial impulses speed up. This appears to be a more physiological arrangement than that provided by fixed pacers at
Canal-like structures in menisci
Authors: D L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

response of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, IgA deficiency, and overlap connective tissue disease to chemotherapy for co-existent Hodgkin's disease.1This case report illustrates that progressive rheumatoid disease may be arrested by vigorous chemotherapy even when previous conventional treatment has failed to produce a significant reduction in disease activity.We reported a similar patient with rheumatoid arthritis who developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and was treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and predni-
Induction of Cdc25B Regulates Cell Cycle Resumption after Genotoxic Stress
Authors: Pallavi Bansal, John S. Lazo
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cdc25 phosphatases propel cell cycle progression by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk). DNA damage is generally thought to inhibit Cdc25 functionality by inducing proteasomal degradation of Cdc25A and phosphorylation-mediated sequestration of Cdc25B and Cdc25C to the cytoplasm. More recently, a critical role for Cdc25B in the resumption of cell cycle progression through mitosis after DNA damage has been identified. In this study, the fate of Cdc25B after mechanistically distinct DNA-damaging agents (etoposide, cisplatin, bleomycin, ionizing irradiation, or UV irradiation) was examined, and surprisingly a rapid increase in cellular Cdc25B levels was observed after DNA damage. Using UV irradiation as the prototypic damaging agent, we found that the increase in Cdc25B levels was checkpoint dependent and was controlled by a p53-independent mechanism. Cdc25B levels controlled the number of cells progressing into mitosis after UV, but they did not affect G2-M checkpoint engagement immediately after DNA damage. Increased Cdc25B reduced the time required for cell cycle resumption. These data support a model in which Cdc25B accumulation is an important anticipatory event for cell cycle resumption after DNA damage. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):3356–63]
The effect of different pulse durations in the treatment of nail psoriasis with 595-nm pulsed dye laser: A randomized, double-blind, intrapatient left-to-right study
Authors: Chanitwan Treewittayapoom, Piyavadee Singvahanont, Kumutnart Chanprapaph, Eckart Haneke
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
542 ANTICARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL AND BIOMARKER ENZYMES LEVEL OF UMBELLIFERONE AGAINST DIETHYLNITROSOAMINE INDUCED HEPATOCARCINOMA IN RATS
Authors: G.P. Senthilkumar, B. Ashokkumar, R. Suresh, U.K. Mazumder, M. Gupta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Abstract 5274: Role of Bcl-XL and STAT3 in γ-irradiation-induced invasion of lung cancer cells
Authors: Jin-Nyoung Ho, Ga Young Kang, Hong Duck Um
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Previous reports suggest that, besides its therapeutic effects, ionizing radiation (IR) may increase the invasiveness of surviving cancer cells. Here, we show that this activity of IR in lung cancer cells is mediated by a signaling pathway that involves p38 kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and MMP-2. The invasion-promoting doses of IR also increased and reduced the levels of vimentin and E-cadherin, respectively, both of which are markers for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Interestingly, all these actions of IR were mimicked by the overexpression of Bcl-XL in lung cancer cells. Moreover, both RNA and protein levels of Bcl-XL were elevated upon irradiation of the cells, and the prevention of this event using small interfering RNAs of Bcl-XL reduced the ability of IR to promote invasion signals and EMT-associated events. This suggests that Bcl-XL functions as a signaling mediator of the malignant effects of IR. It was also demonstrated that IR enhances levels of STAT3 phosphorylation, and the reduction of STAT3 levels by RNA interference prevented IR-induced Bcl-XL accumulation, and thus all the tested Bcl-XL-dependent events. Overall, the data suggest that IR induces Bcl-XL accumulation via STAT3, which then promotes cancer cell invasion and EMT-associated markers. Our findings demonstrate a novel function of Bcl-XL in cancer, and also advance our understanding of the malignant actions of IR significantly. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5274.
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic disease associated with an altered phospholipid composition of the erythrocytes
Authors: Ernst R. Jaffé, Eugene L. Gottfried
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A hemolytic disorder with mild hyperbilirubinemia and reticulocytosis of 6 to 15% was documented in eight members of a large family from the Dominican Republic and was presumed to be present in eight other members. The disorder appeared to be inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic. Analysis of phospholipids by quantitative thinlayer chromatography revealed a distinct increase in phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) to 35.5 +/- SD 1.3% of the total (normal: 28.2 +/- 1.4%) in erythrocytes of affected members of the family, but not in the cells of unaffected relatives. The alteration appeared to constitute an absolute increase in lecithin content, rather than a decrease in other phospholipids. Erythrocytes from patients with other varieties of hereditary hemolytic disorders and comparable levels of reticulocytosis had normal phospholipid compositions. Plasma lipids of six affected members of the family were not unusual with respect to total lipid weight, total phospholipid, and cholesterol. Three patients with liver disease and jaundice were found to have marked increases in the lecithin content of the erythrocytes, but they also had extremely high plasma levels of total lipid, phospholipids, and cholesterol. Osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes of affected patients was decreased and the increase in fragility after incubation for 24 hr was less than that observed with normal erythrocytes. Autohemolysis after 48 hr was slightly increased and was corrected to nearly normal by the addition of glucose. The activities of 15 enzymes of the erythrocytes of the propositus were normal or elevated and the adenosine triphosphate content was normal. An abnormal hemoglobin could not be demonstrated. The life span of isologous erythrocytes in the propositus was reduced, but homologous erythrocytes survived normally.A causal relationship between the altered phospholipid composition and the hemolytic disorder has not been established.
Some Remarks on Whooping-Cough and its Treatment by Carbolic Acid Inhalations
Authors: S. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1876)

March i8, i876. history, it is sScei tninced that they were all in robust health * none were tlriiikard;-cls, epi licui or had any nervous ilisordler.The two lcoys hal not left their ships ft)r three weeks previous to their seizure, and the marine wass a stcaly well conducted young man, enjoying the usual privileges as to leave fiom barracks.In short, all three patients be- lon'-ed to a class which is wvell fed and well cared for, neither cold, ex- haustion, nor privation being elements of " cause"; and, although two were " sailor boys", they were, on board the training ship, far from
Book Review William Cullen and the Eighteenth Century Medical World Edited by A. Doig, J.P.S. Ferguson, I.A. Milne, and R. Passmore. 256 pp., illustrated. Edinburgh, Scotland, Edinburgh University Press, 1993. $49. 0-7486-0302-6 (Distributed in the U.S. by Columbia University Press, New York).
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Legacies in Law and Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<b>Legacies in Ethics and Medicine,</b>by Chester R. Burns, 326 pp, $7.95, New York, Science History Publications, 1977. Medicine involves much more than treating a sick patient and trying to restore him to health or devoting one's self to scientific research. Medical educators are paying more attention to the indefinite areas that are loosely called the humanities, and offering the medical students programs of instruction in disciplines such as medical ethics and legal medicine. In addition, educators in the humanities are realizing that medicine has played a major role in the development of our culture, so that teachers of history, philosophy, and religion are turning to medicine as an important factor in their own disciplines. The two volumes noted here are collections of essays, all previously published in the past 40 years. Although they have a common format, they differ in approach. The volume on ethics is oriented much more
Treg increases HepG2 cell growth by RANK-RANKL pathway
Authors: Yunbin Ye, Zhifeng Zhou, Weiwei Gu, Feng Peng, Jieyu Li
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts In tumor microenvironment, CD4+CD25+CD127dim/- Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) belong to a group of negative regulatory cells, which play an important role in the mechanism of immune inhibition and immune escape of liver cancer [[1][1]]. In this study, we will explore the
SPIO nanoparticle-stabilized PAA-F127 thermosensitive nanobubbles with MR/US dual-modality imaging and HIFU-triggered drug release for magnetically guided in vivo tumor therapy
Authors: Hsin-Yang Huang, Shang-Hsiu Hu, Shih-Ya Hung, Chih-Sheng Chiang, Hao-Li Liu, Tsung-Lang Chiu, Hsin-Yi Lai, You-Yin Chen, San-Yuan Chen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Peter MacDonald Crawford
Authors: Iain Broom
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Pioneered the first successful bone marrow transplants in children with primary immunodeficiency and became a fearless university administratorThe dreadful death of Roland Levinsky has shocked the world of paediatric oncology and genetics.He was an immunologist of international renown who performed the UK's first successful bone marrow transplant in children with primary immunodeficiency in 1979 at Great Ormond Street children's hospital.He went on to perform the UK's first successful attempts at gene therapy in children with fatal inherited diseases.He transformed the Institute of Child Health in London into a topclass research institution.Later, he did a similar makeover at Plymouth University, sending it soaring up the league tables.Levinsky was born in South Africa to a British-born mother and Polish/Lithuanian father.His father, died when Roland was 13.Two years later his mother returned to England with her three children.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Hilary E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1987)

MORE than 450 bills have been introduced in state legislatures in 1987, on the subject of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This flurry of legislative activity reflects the serious public health concern raised by this disease in every part of the country (see "References"). State statutes relating to the subject of AIDS were first enacted in 1983. Most of the early laws created statewide task forces to inform and educate the public. Since that time, statutes have been enacted on a wide variety of AIDS-related topics. The information included herein based on a review through Oct 6, 1987, focus on ten major subject areas that have become matters of state law (Table). The categories highlighted, as well as examples of states that have enacted laws on each of these issues, are (1) antibody testing, (2) blood and blood products, (3) confidentiality, (4) employment, (5) housing, (6) informed consent, (7) insurance, (8)
985 INCREASING RATES OF ACUTE HEPATITIS C ALONG WITH HIGH RATES OF SYPHILIS IN HIV-POSITIVE MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN IN MADRID
Authors: C. Sanchez, Z. Plaza, E. Vispo, C. de Mendoza, P. Barreiro, P. Labarga, E. Poveda, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Travellers should be warned of thrombosis risk
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Air travellers should in future be given a health briefing at the beginning of their flight, just as they are now given a talk on safety, a report from the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology said this week.

The report, drawn up by a subcommittee chaired by Baroness Wilcox, criticises the government, regulators, and the industry for “failing to give sufficient active attention to health.” It also said that the condition associated with the most feared health consequence of flying—deep vein thrombosis—is present not only in air travel. Prolonged immobility and cramped seating are present in many forms of travel, it said.

It is impossible to quantify the risk, however. The report stated: “For healthy individuals, the risk of getting a clinically significant deep vein thrombosis solely because they are taking a flight seems to be exceedingly small. For those who are already at risk because they are subject to predisposing factors, there may be an additional risk from flying, but it is not currently quantifiable.”

The subcommittee, which was set up in March and took evidence from more than 150 individuals and organisations, regretted the paucity of data on deep vein thrombosis and recommended that an “epidemiological research programme of the case-control type be commissioned by the Department of Health as soon as practicable.”

As an interim measure, pending the research results, the committee said that airlines and their agents should produce a package of advice explaining risks and risk avoidance, and make it widely available to the public.

Members of the committee criticised the press for exaggerating the health risks from air travel and said that media claims that the risk of thrombosis was particularly high in economy class were misplaced.

“We recommend that health professionals and others stop using the seriously misleading term ‘economy class syndrome.’ ‘Flight related DVT [deep vein thrombosis]’ or ‘traveller’s thrombosis' would be more appropriate,” the report said.

The report does suggest, however, that airlines should make some attempt to provide accommodation for passengers of above average size.

Other recommendations of the committee include banning smoking from all flights; making aeroplanes carry automatic external defibrillators on long haul flights; dissuading passengers from flying when they are likely to infect others; and extending air quality standards beyond those for carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone, for which they already provide.

Air Travel and Health is available from the Stationery Office, price £12.20, or at www.parliament.uk
Constitutive JunB expression, associated with the JAK2 V617F mutation, stimulates proliferation of the erythroid lineage
Authors: B da Costa Reis Monte-Mór, I Plo, A F da Cunha, G G L Costa, D M de Albuquerque, A Jedidi, J-L Villeval, S Badaoui, I Lorand-Metze, K B B Pagnano, S T O Saad, W Vainchenker, F F Costa
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Abstract 2211: Viral subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with different mechanisms of WNT/CTNNB1 alteration
Authors: Kyle R. Covington, Lawrence A. Donehower, Chad Creighton, Betty L. Slagle, John A. Goss, Ronald T. Cotton, Marie-Claude Gingras, Eve Shinbrot, Jacfranz J. Guiteau, Thao N. Nguyen, Theresa R. Harring, Donna M. Muzny, Kimberly Walker, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni, Richard A. Gibbs, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Tatsuhiro Shibata, David A. Wheeler
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent human cancers, especially in Asia, and regions of endemic hepatitis infection. The primary risk factors for HCC are chronic hepatitis infection by hepatitis C (HCV) or hepatitis B (HBV). We performed whole exome sequencing on 549 matched tumor and normal samples from three centers (BCM HGSC, RCAST, NCC) to identify somatic changes in protein coding regions and changes in copy number. Here we describe variants associated with specific viral etiologies in HCC. We found TP53, CTNNB1, ARID1A, ARID2, and AXIN1 to be among the most frequently mutated genes in the entire dataset, implicating DNA damage, WNT signaling, and chromatin remodeling as recurrently altered pathways in HCC. Our validation rate for mutations in significantly mutated genes was over 95%. We identified 18 genes which differed significantly (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in mutation frequency between viral subtypes. Of these, AXIN1 was mutated in over 15% of HBV-associated HCC but less than 5% of HCV and non-viral-associated HCC. Additionally, we performed GISTIC analysis based on read depth from our whole exome sequencing data. We found that WNT3A and MYC were significantly amplified and AXIN1 and TP53 were significantly deleted in HCV-associated HCC but not HBV or non-virus-associated HCC. Our findings indicate that WNT/beta-catenin signaling is a frequently altered pathway in HCC. While aberrations in this pathway were present in all viral etiologies, HBV-associated HCC tended to mutate AXIN1 while HCV-associated HCC tended to have AXIN1 deletion. These differences may result from virus-specific oncogenic processes. Citation Format: Kyle R. Covington, Lawrence A. Donehower, Chad Creighton, Betty L. Slagle, John A. Goss, Ronald T. Cotton, Marie-Claude Gingras, Eve Shinbrot, Jacfranz J. Guiteau, Thao N. Nguyen, Theresa R. Harring, Donna M. Muzny, Kimberly Walker, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni, Richard A. Gibbs, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Tatsuhiro Shibata, David A. Wheeler, Japan ICGC HCC Project. Viral subtypes in hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with different mechanisms of WNT/CTNNB1 alteration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2211. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2211
HISTORICAL NOTE ON FARR'S THEORY OF THE EPIDEMIC
Authors: J. Brownlee
Journal: BMJ (1915)

LAwater.`It was founlid by Browniing, Macliie and Smiith, in a case of enteric fever which they examined, that B. tyl)hosuts could be recovered from the faeces by means of telluric acid and brilliant green in combination, whereas direct plates as -well as brilliant green by itself gave ne,ative results.The passage of typhoid and paratyplhoid bacilli tlhrough mcdia containing brilliant green or telluric acid has not been found to affect their fermentation or serological reactions.So far only incoimiplete series of results are available, but it appears that the employment of these procedures, in addition to direct plating, will increase the number of positive results by more than 25 per cent. SUMMARY.1. Specimenls of faeces s0ould be cultured witllin several hiours after evacuation.In cases where faeces are normally solid it is advisable to give purgatives and examine tlle resulting fluid motions.2. Make the usual smear cultures on plates of solid meidium containing an indicator-for exam-ple, Endo's or MacConkey's.At the saime time inoculate peptone water
Desert Storm: Medical Airlift Was Ready
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IN PEACETIME, the US military's aeromedical evacuation system transports 250 to 300 patients a day to facilities where they can receive specialized care. Anticipating heavy casualties from fighting in the Persian Gulf, the Air Force instituted contingency plans for expanding this system to "comfortably" move up to 1500 patients a day. However, in one of the happiest outcomes of the Desert Storm operation, the total of allied wounded is much lower than commanders feared. So the Military Airlift Command (MAC) was not called on to demonstrate the aeromedical evacuation system's maximum capability. <h3>Practicing for War</h3> One of the missions of MAC, which is headquartered at Scott Air Force Base (AFB) in southern Illinois, is to transport war casualties from medical facilities in or close to the theater of military operations to hospitals in neighboring countries or the United States where the casualties can receive more definitive care. It stays prepared
GMC criticised for not making transitional arrangements when changing rules on distance learning
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Court of Appeal has ordered the General Medical Council (GMC) to recognise the medical qualification of a UK based graduate who obtained his qualification mainly by distance learning from a university in the Caribbean. 

Three judges—headed by the master of the rolls, the second most senior judge in England and Wales—ruled that 54 year old Patel, who had previously worked as a pharmacist, had a legitimate expectation that his MB BS from the International University of Health Sciences (IUHS) in St Kitts would be recognised.

They overturned a High Court ruling that the GMC was entitled to refuse him recognition following a rule change part way through his course that programmes …