tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Source of Funding and Results of Studies of Health Effects of Mobile Phone Use: Systematic Review of Experimental Studies
Authors: Anke Huss, Matthias Egger, Kerstin Hug, Karin Huwiler-Müntener, Martin Röösli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

There is concern regarding the possible health effects of cellular telephone use. We examined whether the source of funding of studies of the effects of low-level radiofrequency radiation is associated with the results of studies. We conducted a systematic review of studies of controlled exposure to radiofrequency radiation with health-related outcomes (electroencephalogram, cognitive or cardiovascular function, hormone levels, symptoms, and subjective well-being).We searched EMBASE, Medline, and a specialist database in February 2005 and scrutinized reference lists from relevant publications.Data on the source of funding, study design, methodologic quality, and other study characteristics were extracted. The primary outcome was the reporting of at least one statistically significant association between the exposure and a health-related outcome. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.Of 59 studies, 12 (20%) were funded exclusively by the telecommunications industry, 11 (19%) were funded by public agencies or charities, 14 (24%) had mixed funding (including industry), and in 22 (37%) the source of funding was not reported. Studies funded exclusively by industry reported the largest number of outcomes, but were least likely to report a statistically significant result: The odds ratio was 0.11 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.78), compared with studies funded by public agencies or charities. This finding was not materially altered in analyses adjusted for the number of outcomes reported, study quality, and other factors.The interpretation of results from studies of health effects of radiofrequency radiation should take sponsorship into account.
Poliomyelitis in the United States
Authors: John F. Modlin
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meta-analyses of Adverse Effects Data Derived from Randomised Controlled Trials as Compared to Observational Studies: Methodological Overview
Authors: Su Golder, Yoon K. Loke, Martin Bland
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Su Golder and colleagues carry out an overview of meta-analyses to assess whether estimates of the risk of harm outcomes differ between randomized trials and observational studies. They find that, on average, there is no difference in the estimates of risk between overviews of observational studies and overviews of randomized trials.
Metabolic Effects of Dichloroacetate in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: Peter W. Stacpoole, George W. Moore, David M. Kornhauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Dichloroacetate is known to reduce plasma glucose and triglycerides in diabetic and starved animals and to lower plasma lactate under various experimental conditions. To investigate its metabolic effects in man, we administered oral doses (3 to 4 g) of dichloroacetate as the sodium salt to patients with diabetes mellitus or hyperlipoproteinemia or both for six to seven days. Dichloroacetate significantly reduced fasting hyperglycemia an average of 24 per cent (P<0.01) from base line and produced marked, concomitant falls in plasma lactate (73 per cent; P<0.05 to <0.01) and alanine (82 per cent; P<0.01 to <0.001). In addition, it significantly decreased plasma cholesterol (22 per cent; P<0.01 to <0.001) and triglyceride (61 per cent; P<0.01) levels while increasing (71 per cent; P<0.01) plasma ketone-body concentrations. Plasma insulin, free fatty acid and glycerol levels were not affected. Serum uric acid rose, whereas excretion and renal clearance fell. Some patients experienced mild sedation, but no other laboratory or clinical evidence of adverse effects was noted during or immediately after the treatment phase. (N Engl J Med 298:526–530, 1978)
P230 Inappropriate referrals to the rapid access lung clinic (RALC)
Authors: S. Huq, M. Gautam, M. Haris, A. Ashish, M. Ledson, M. Walshaw
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction and Aims</h3> Urgent referral suspected lung cancer cases depends upon nationally agreed protocols (a suspicious chest x-ray, persistent haemoptysis in smokers over age 40, stridor and SVC obstruction). In order to best use resource intensive RALC facilities, it is important that these protocols are followed. We wished to look at inappropriate referrals to the RALC which serves our large lung cancer unit (450 cases per year). <h3>Methods</h3> We looked at source of and reasons for referral, eventual placement of the referral, and the ultimate diagnosis of all inappropriate referrals during the calendar year 2009. <h3>Results</h3> Of 452 referrals, 97 (21%) did not follow the protocol [68 (70%) primary, 14 (14%) secondary care, and 15 (15%) from the A&amp;E department]; including 76 (78%) with a ‘suspicious chest x-ray’ and 6 (6%) with ‘haemoptysis’. In 46, the chest x-ray report did not suggest cancer, 6 had a normal chest x-ray, 2 from primary care had no radiology, 9 from secondary care had CT scans not suggestive of lung cancer, 5 did not meet the haemoptysis referral criteria, 8 were under specialist care for lung cancer/other malignancies, 11 were under chest physician/surgeon review and 3 were inpatients. One preferred investigation elsewhere, 1 had already been processed through the RALC, and one was a nursing home resident. In every case, a lung cancer unit clinician communicated with the referrer and channelled these referrals in timely fashion to appropriate services: 51 (53%) to a general chest clinic, 16 (16%) to other hospital specialists, 15 (15%) back to their GP, and one to palliative care. Ultimately, only 3 (3%) were subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer; 2 via the general chest clinics and 1 following re-referral with persistent haemoptysis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have shown that almost a quarter of RALC referrals did not adhere to strict referral protocols and would have been better served by a more appropriate referral elsewhere. We are working to educate our primary and secondary care colleagues to ensure that the only appropriate cases are referred to the RALC in order to reap the maximum benefit from this resource intensive service.
The simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and high-sensitivity troponin T predicted prognosis in PE
Authors: Andrew S. Dunn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Lankeit M, Jiménez D, Kostrubiec M, et al. Predictive value of the high-sensitivity troponin T assay and the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a prospective validation study. Circulation. 2011;124:2716-24. 22082681
Sustainable development goals and country-specific targets
Authors: Joseph R Fitchett, Rifat Atun
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

We welcome the efforts by Robert Cohen and colleagues1Cohen RL Bishai DM Alfonso YN Kuruvilla S Schweitzer J Post-2015 health goals: could country-specific targets supplement global ones?.Lancet Glob Health. 2014; 2: e373-e374Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (6) Google Scholar to promote country-specific targets for post-2015 health goals. Country-specific targets resonate more with local policy makers, health systems workforces, and the population than do global-level targets, however well conceived such targets might be. Country-based targets can be used to improve human rights, achieve social justice and fairness, and offer the opportunity to make realistic strides to strengthen health systems for the benefit of all citizens. Ideally, country-specific targets should be at the forefront of discussions about post-2015 sustainable development goals. When developed locally by a participative and inclusive process, country-specific indicators provide a sense of ownership, more transparent governance, and greater accountability at the local level. As such, locally agreed and owned targets are the most credible drivers for achievement of the post-2015 agenda. The cornerstone of country-specific targets should be at the local level, and the sustainable development goals should be regarded as an unparalleled opportunity to develop the human resources for health and to build public health capacity. Programmes to provide the skills and resources necessary to promote achievement of the country-specific targets could be informed by, among other initiatives, Global Health Service Partnerships to build clinical expertise and leadership,2Kerry VB Mullan F Global Health Service Partnership: building health professional leadership.Lancet. 2014; 383: 1688-1691Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (15) Google Scholar and on Rwanda's Human Resources for Health Program to deliver change at a local level.3Binagwaho A Kyamanywa P Farmer PE et al.The Human Resources for Health Program in Rwanda: a new partnership.New Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 2054-2059Crossref PubMed Scopus (184) Google Scholar If the next step in international development is to unite the growing number of political, academic, and philanthropic players in global health, we need a mechanism to accommodate the unified goals while maintaining some flexibility to reflect different realities in countries and to ensure ownership. Locally conceived and inclusively developed targets with local polices to achieve these might be the best way towards achievement of sustainable development. We declare no competing interests.
Does Study Design Influence Outcome?
Authors: Bret R. Rutherford, Joel R. Sneed, Steven P. Roose
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

Clinicians and researchers synthesize data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antidepressants to make conclusions about the efficacy of medications for depression. All treatments include nonspecific factors in addition to the specific effects of drugs, and study design may influence patient outcomes via nonspecific factors. This study investigated whether placebo control and treatment duration affect the outcome in antidepressant RCTs.
The Challenge of HIV-1 Subtype Diversity
Authors: Barbara S. Taylor, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Francine E. McCutchan, Scott M. Hammer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

HIV-1 has evolved multiple mechanisms to elude immune control. The view of virus as classifiable into distinct subtypes needs to reflect the reality of the constant emergence of new strains. This review discusses the implications of subtype diversity in HIV-1 for possible differential rates of disease progression, responses to antiretroviral therapy (including the development of resistance), and vaccine development.
Quantitative Urine Cultures
Authors: J. M. Bradley, P. J. Little
Journal: BMJ (1963)

In a double-blind cross-over trial of benziodarone and lactose there was no significant difference between the two substances as measured by the average number of attacks of angina pectoris per day in a group of 36 patients.We wish to acknowledge the help of our technicians in the Cardiac Department, King's College Hospital, and of Miss A. 0. Gadsby in arranging the trial.Genatosan Limited kindly supplied and dispensed the benziodarone (cardivix) and lactose.
William Charles Wells (1757–1817)
Authors: Edward Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

IT is fitting, on the centenary of the publication of The Origin of Species, that attention be called to William Charles Wells, M.D., the American doctor whom Charles Darwin credited as one of his precursors in the concept of natural selection and biological evolution.Wells was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on May 24, 1757. His father, a Scottish printer, not at all in love with the New World, made the boy wear a blue bonnet and tartan coat to be certain that he would not be taken for an American. Young Wells was sent abroad to school at . . .
Increased Formation of the Isoprostanes IPF <sub>2α</sub> -I and 8-Epi-Prostaglandin F <sub>2α</sub> in Acute Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Muredach P. Reilly, Norman Delanty, Louis Roy, Joshua Rokach, Peter O. Callaghan, Peter Crean, John A. Lawson, Garret A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The role of oxidant stress in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in humans remains controversial. This is due, in part, to the limitations of available indices of oxidant stress in vivo. Isoprostanes are stable, free radical–catalyzed products of arachidonic acid. We assessed their formation in patients undergoing coronary reperfusion via percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Methods and Results We developed specific, mass spectrometry assays for two structurally distinct F 2 isoprostanes, 8-epi-PGF 2α and IPF 2α -I. Urine samples for isoprostane determination were collected in patients undergoing coronary arteriography (n=11), elective PTCA (n=15), and angiography after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (MI) (n=10). Urinary levels (pmol/mmol creatinine) of both isoprostanes were markedly increased from baseline in the first 6 hours after PTCA for acute MI (105±17.8 versus 230±66 for 8-epi-PGF 2α [ P =.009] and 466±91 versus 833±153 for IPF 2α -I [ P =.001]) and returned toward preprocedural values by 24 hours (122±18 for 8-epi-PGF 2α and 457±102 for IPF 2α -I). There was a slight increase in urinary 8-epi-PGF 2α levels (64.7±9.5 versus 84.9±10.6; P =.02) after diagnostic coronary arteriography and elective PTCA (88.7±7.5 versus 114.3±16.1; P =.01). A striking correlation was observed ( r =.68, P &lt;.0001; n=33) between urinary 8-epi-PGF 2α and IPF 2α -I levels in patients receiving thrombolytic agents for acute MI. Conclusions Urinary F 2 isoprostane levels are elevated in patients after treatments resulting in reperfusion for acute MI. These findings provide evidence consistent with increased oxidant stress in vivo in this setting. Measurement of urinary isoprostanes may offer a noninvasive approach to the assessment of oxidant stress and the efficacy of antioxidant therapies in these syndromes.
Bioavailability in vivo of naltrexone following transbuccal administration by an electronically-controlled intraoral device: A trial on pigs
Authors: Giuseppina Campisi, Libero Italo Giannola, Ada Maria Florena, Viviana De Caro, Axel Schumacher, Thorsten Göttsche, Carlo Paderni, Andy Wolff
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Experiments With Phenylhydrazine
Authors: Edgar V. Allen, Nelson W. Barker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 March 1928Experiments With PhenylhydrazineIII. Pathologic Anatomy*EDGAR V. ALLEN, M.D., NELSON W. BARKER, M.D.EDGAR V. ALLEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NELSON W. BARKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-9-683 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn Studies I and II methods were suggested which were believed essential for a comprehensive survey of the effects of phenylhydrazine. In brief these are: the effect on the blood, the effect on the function of the liver and kidneys, the effect on erythropoiesis, and the pathologic changes induced by prolonged administration of phenylhydrazine in doses sufficient to affect the erythrocytes which is comparable to that produced clinically. Criticism of conclusions drawn from previous work was that they were not based on results following experimental dosage comparable to that used clinically, and that results following the use of compounds allied...Bibliography(1) UNDERHILL FP: Studies in carbohydrate metabolism. Jour. Biol. Chem., 1914, xvii, 295-298. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(2) LEVI E: Über die Ursache der Lebercirrhose bei Polycytha̋me. Ztschr. f. klin. Med., 1924, c, 777-784. Google Scholar(3) OWEN T: A case of polycythemia vera with special reference to the familial features and treatment with phenylhydrazine. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1924, xxxv, 258-262. The treatment of erythremia with phenylhydrazine. Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1925, lxxxv, 2027-2032. Google Scholar(4) BODANSKY M: The action of phenylhydrazine and some of its derivatives in producing liver injury as measured by the effect on levulose tolerance. Jour. Biol. Chem., 1924, lviii, 799-811. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(5) LONG PH: Experimental anemia produced by phenylhydrazine derivatives. Jour. Clin. Investigation, 1926, ii, 329-342. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Submitted for publication February 9, 1928.The material in this paper was presented in a thesis by Edgar V. Allen to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.S. in Medicine, 1928. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAlkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen CompoundsAlkylpyridines and Miscellaneous Organic Nitrogen CompoundsTHE THERAPEUTIC USE OF VENESECTION IN POLYCYTHEMIA*D. J. STEPHENS, M.D., NOLAN L. KALTREIDER, M.D.Eisen 1 March 1928Volume 1, Issue 9Page: 683-693KeywordsBloodErythropoiesisGraduate medical educationKidneysLiver Issue Published: 1 March 1928 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Glycerol particle cigarettes: a less harmful option for chronic smokers.
Authors: G Sutherland, M A Russell, J A Stapleton, C Feyerabend
Journal: Thorax (1993)

In 20 smokers who switched to a new type of virtually tar free cigarette for three days, average nicotine intake was reduced by 44%, carbon monoxide intake increased by 19%, while estimated tar intake was reduced by about 90%. Such cigarettes pose substantially less risk of cancer and chronic obstructive lung disease than conventional cigarettes, and their acceptability and safety could be improved by increasing nicotine yield, reducing carbon monoxide yield, and improving the flavour.
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: D. J Tuffnell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I was just about to start an antenatal clinic when I was bleeped by the casualty consultant. He said that a woman who was 28 weeks pregnant had been found at home having hanged herself. The ambulancemen had performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation on her all the way to hospital in an attempt to keep the baby alive. “Would you like to deliver the baby? The mother is dead.”

My thoughts were a little difficult to organise as I ran the 400 yards to the casualty department but ranged from, “This is pointless” to “I've got nothing to lose.” When I arrived the …
Genetic Detection of Cerebral Dysfunction
Authors: Steven Matthysse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Batshaw and his colleagues in this issue have reported on a pedigree in which female carriers of the sex-linked gene for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, as identified through pedigree analysis and testing of protein tolerance, have lower IQ scores than their protein-tolerant siblings. This is particularly interesting because almost nothing is known about the role of metabolism in differences in IQ within the normal range of scores. It is intriguing to consider the possibility that carriers of genes for other metabolic disorders (autosomal recessive as well as X-linked) may be at increased risk for cerebral dysfunction. These dysfunctions may include the . . .
Manipulative Therapy for Patients with Shoulder Symptoms
Authors: Richard C. Galgano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters1 February 2005Manipulative Therapy for Patients with Shoulder SymptomsRichard C. Galgano, DORichard C. Galgano, DOFrom Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Watertown, MA 02472.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-3-200502010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The use of manipulative therapy in shoulder dysfunction is analogous to using "medicine" to treat chest pain. Both the nature of condition and the specific treatment need to be identified. In their article on manipulative therapy for shoulder symptoms (1), Bergman and colleagues described the type of treatments used but did not classify the nature of the underlying cause of the symptoms. For example, shoulder dysfunction can be caused by dysfunction of the spine, ribs, and shoulder articulations. Have the authors performed an analysis of the efficacy of treatment with regard to specific conditions? If yes, what ...Reference1. Bergman GJ, Winters JC, Groenier KH, Pool JJ, Meyboom-de Jong B, Postema K, et al. Manipulative therapy in addition to usual medical care for patients with shoulder dysfunction and pain: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141:432-9. [PMID: 15381516] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard C. Galgano, DOAffiliations: From Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Watertown, MA 02472. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManipulative Therapy in Addition to Usual Medical Care for Patients with Shoulder Dysfunction and Pain Gert J.D. Bergman , Jan C. Winters , Klaas H. Groenier , Jan J.M. Pool , Betty Meyboom-de Jong , Klaas Postema , and Geert J.M.G. van der Heijden Manipulative Therapy for Patients with Shoulder Symptoms Gert J.D. Bergman , Jan C. Winters , and Geert J.M.G. van der Heijden Metrics Cited byOne-Year Outcome of Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection Compared With Manual Physical Therapy for the Management of the Unilateral Shoulder Impingement Syndrome A Pragmatic Randomized TrialDaniel I. Rhon, PT, DPT, DSc, Robert B. Boyles, PT, DSc, and Joshua A. Cleland, PT, PhD 1 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 3 Page: 226 Keywords Ischemia Ribs Shoulders Spine ePublished: 1 February 2005 Issue Published: 1 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The decreased expression of Siglec-7 represents an early marker of dysfunctional natural killer–cell subsets associated with high levels of HIV-1 viremia
Authors: Enrico Brunetta, Manuela Fogli, Stefania Varchetta, Luisa Bozzo, Kelly L. Hudspeth, Emanuela Marcenaro, Alessandro Moretta, Domenico Mavilio
Journal: Blood (2009)