tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When a House Officer Gets AIDS
Authors: Hacib Aoun
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

I AM a physician who contracted the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a young patient while working as a resident at a well-known teaching hospital. Almost three years have passed since the diagnosis — a terrible three years for my wife, my small daughter, and me. Because I am convinced that my situation is not unique and that the tragedy that affects us now will affect other physicians in times to come, I want to share it with you.In February 1983, I was a second-year resident in medicine rotating through the bone marrow–transplantation unit. Pat, a patient, was a . . .
A<sub>3</sub> Receptors Are Overexpressed in Pleura from Patients with Mesothelioma and Reduce Cell Growth via Akt/Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway
Authors: Katia Varani, Stefania Maniero, Fabrizio Vincenzi, Martina Targa, Angela Stefanelli, Pio Maniscalco, Fernanda Martini, Mauro Tognon, Pier Andrea Borea
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

A strong link has been established between exposure to asbestos and increased risk for pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM). Adenosine plays a key role in inflammatory processes and cancer, where it is involved in the regulation of cell death and proliferation.The primary aim of this study was to investigate the presence of adenosine receptors (ARs) in human MM pleura (MMP) and healthy mesothelial pleura (HMP). To shed some light on the interaction between adenosine and MM, the presence and functionality of ARs were explored in human healthy mesothelial cells (HMC) and in malignant mesothelioma cells (MMC).ARs were analyzed by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and saturation binding assays. HMC were treated with crocidolite asbestos, which is the principal risk factor for MM. The role of A₃ ARs on these cellular models, evaluating cAMP production, Akt phosphorylation, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, was investigated. The dual effect of A₃AR stimulation on healthy and cancer cell growth was studied by means of proliferation, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity assays.A₃AR was up-regulated by 2.5-fold (P < 0.01) in MMP when compared with HMP. Stimulation of A₃ARs decreased proliferation and exerted a cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect on MMC and on HMC exposed to asbestos and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not on HMC with an involvement of the deregulation of Akt/NF-κB cell survival pathway.These new findings suggest that A₃AR could represent a pharmacological target to prevent tumor development after asbestos exposure and to treat full-blown MM.
Serious Arrhythmias During Labor and Delivery in Women With Heart Disease
Authors: Ruth C. Spritzer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The sudden onset of ventricular tachycardia and complete heart-block was documented via a continuous electromagnetic tape recording of the electrocardiogram during labor, delivery, and in the immediate postpartum period in two asymptomatic women with rheumatic heart disease. Monitoring of the ECG by an oscilloscope is recommended for the detection of unexpected and potentially life-threatening arrhythmias during childbirth in patients with heart disease.
Marginal ulceration after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: characteristics, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: D. Azagury, B. Abu Dayyeh, I. Greenwalt, C. Thompson
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Marginal ulcers are one of the most common complications after gastric bypass. Reported incidence varies widely (0.6–16 %) and pathogenesis is unclear. The aim of the present study was to describe characteristics, risk factors, management, and outcomes of endoscopically documented ulcers. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Data from all patients diagnosed with marginal ulcers at endoscopy between 2003 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. <b>Results:</b> A total of 103 patients with marginal ulcers presented with pain (63 %) and/or bleeding (24 %), a median of 22 months after surgery. Ulcers were located on the anastomosis (50 %) or the jejunum (40 %); sutures were visible in 35 %, and gastrogastric fistulae in 8 %. The mean pouch length was 5.6 cm. Diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.5; <i>P</i> = 0.03), smoking (OR 2.5; <i>P</i> = 0.02), and gastric pouch length (OR 1.2; <i>P</i> = 0.02) were significantly associated with marginal ulcer formation on univariate analysis; diabetes was significantly associated on multivariate analysis (OR 5.6; <i>P</i> = 0.003). The risk of developing a marginal ulcer decreased with time (OR 0.8; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and was not associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. At first endoscopic follow-up, 67 % of ulcers had healed. Recurrence occurred in four patients and nine patients required surgical revision. <b>Conclusions:</b> The vast majority of marginal ulcers had a favorable outcome after medical treatment. However, 9 % of patients eventually required surgical revision. Therefore, endoscopic follow-up is essential. Diabetes, smoking, and long gastric pouches were significant risk factors for marginal ulcer formation, suggesting increased acid exposure and mucosal ischemia are both involved in marginal ulcer pathogenesis. Management of these factors may prove effective in managing marginal ulcers, and tailoring postoperative proton pump inhibitor therapy to patients with multiple risk factors could be effective.
Current Views on Formation of Thyroid Hormones
Authors: Leslie J. De Groot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

CERTAIN unique features of the thyroid gland make it the object of a good deal of clinical and laboratory investigation. For the clinician its disorders comprise the most common endocrine problems. Abnormalities are easily detected by external examination and can be studied by standard clinical tests. The effects of dysfunction are dramatic on first observations, and with appropriate therapy are often reversible. For the physiologist or biochemist the thyroid gland is unique in its devotion to production of a predominant protein, thyroglobulin, and in its affinity for iodine, an element whose metabolism can be conveniently assessed through use of a . . .
Abstract P5-18-15: Molecular effects of lapatinib in HER2 positive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Authors: LG Estevez, A Suarez, I Calvo, E Garcia, C Miro, H Durán, Y Quijano, S Perea, M Herrero, F Lopez-Rios, M Hidalgo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: HER2 amplification is frequent in DCIS and is associated with poor prognosis features. This study aimed to determine the molecular effects in Ras/Raf/MAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib in patients with HER2 positive DCIS as well as correlation with radiological and pathological response. Patients and Methods: Patients (pts) with HER2 positive DCIS received 1500 mg daily of lapatinib for 4 consecutive weeks prior to surgical resection. Changes in tumor volume were evaluated by MRI. The molecular effects of lapatinib on apoptotic level (TUNEL), cell proliferation (Ki67) and HER2 signaling pathway were determined in pre and post-treatment tumor biopsies. Results: A total of 20 pts were included. Lapatinib was well tolerated with only minor and transient side effects reported. The agent effectively modulated HER2 signaling by affecting cell cycle kinetics through decreasing cytoplasm pERK1 in 11 pts with no change or slight increase activation in 5 pts. Of those 11 pts: eight had parallel inactivation of pHER2, two pts had paradoxical activation of pAkt and three pts had an increase in apoptotic level. In addition, seven pts also presented with decrease in MRI signal intensity and tumor size. Conclusions: Four weeks of lapatinib for patients with HER2-positive DCIS result in significant antiproliferative changes through RAS/MAPK signaling pathway together with a decrease in MRI signal. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-15.
Fertility in Males with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Lynn M. Taussig, Charles C. Lobeck, Paul A. di Sant Agnese, Donald R. Ackerman, John Kattwinkel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Two unrelated males with cystic fibrosis had normal sperm counts and volume of ejaculate, and one of them fathered two children. Detailed chemical and morphologic analyses of the semen from the first patient were normal. These findings are in contrast to the aspermia and abnormal chemical values in semen previously reported for patients with cystic fibrosis. In a survey of 105 cystic-fibrosis centers, 78 responded to a questionnaire and reported fertility data on 117 males; two (those reported in this paper) were fertile, and another six were believed to have fathered children but their semen was not studied. Normal fertility occurs in a small but appreciable number of males (in the range of 2 to 3 per cent) with this disease. The finding of such fertile males has genetic, social, and psychologic implications and makes it mandatory to evaluate the semen (at a minimum, sperm count and ejaculate volume measurement) in all postpubescent males with this disease before counseling.
Clinical Application of the Ottawa Ankle Rules-Reply
Authors: Ian G. Stiell
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —We were very interested to hear of the rather novel and innovative application of the Ottawa ankle rules by Drs McCarter and Slawson. Although the rules were applied in a fashion for which they were not intended (ie, by telephone and for a child), we recognize the exceptional circumstances of their use.  While the Ottawa ankle rules have been shown to be reliable and effective for reducing the use of radiography in adults, we wish to remind readers that they have not yet been validated for patients younger than 18 years.
NADPH Oxidase Activity and Function Are Profoundly Greater in Cerebral Versus Systemic Arteries
Authors: Alyson A. Miller, Grant R. Drummond, Harald H.H.W. Schmidt, Christopher G. Sobey
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Recent studies suggest that the superoxide generating enzyme NADPH oxidase may play a functional role in regulating cerebral vascular tone. We tested whether the activity, function, and expression of NADPH oxidase differs between rat cerebral and systemic arteries. Superoxide production by basilar (BA), middle cerebral (MCA), carotid (CA), renal (RA), and mesenteric (MA) arteries and aorta (AO) was measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxide production from NADPH oxidase was localized and semiquantified using dihydroethidium. Vascular functional responses were assessed in a myograph or organ bath. Vascular Nox4 protein expression was measured using Western blotting. Superoxide production (basal or in response to NADPH or angiotensin II) in the intracranial arteries, BA, and MCA was 10- to 100-fold greater than in AO, CA, RA, or MA. Similar results were found using either intact vessels or arterial homogenates, and were associated with 10-fold greater expression of Nox4 in the BA versus AO, CA, and MA. Superoxide production was attenuated by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenyleneiodonium, apocynin, and gp91ds-tat. NADPH and H2O2 were strong relaxing stimuli in the BA, where the H2O2 scavenger catalase, as well as apocynin, attenuated these relaxations and also augmented contractions to angiotensin II. NADPH oxidase activity is markedly higher in intracranial versus systemic arteries, in association with higher Nox4 expression. In cerebral arteries, endogenous H2O2 derived from NADPH oxidase activation appears to cause relaxation and is able to offset angiotensin II-induced constriction. These data are consistent with the concept that NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species modulate cerebral vascular tone under physiological conditions.
Lichenoid eruption associated with orlistat
Authors: A. Sergeant, G. Milne, F. Shaffrali
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Lichenoid eruption associated with orlistat Get access A. Sergeant, A. Sergeant Department of Dermatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K. *Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. E‐mail: annsergeant@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Milne, G. Milne Department of Dermatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K. *Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. E‐mail: annsergeant@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Shaffrali F. Shaffrali Department of Dermatology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, U.K. *Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, U.K. E‐mail: annsergeant@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 5, 1 May 2006, Pages 1020–1021, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07220.x Published: 01 May 2006
Outcome of Reoperative Coronary Bypass Surgery Versus Coronary Angioplasty After Previous Bypass Surgery
Authors: William S. Weintraub, Ellis L. Jones, Douglas C. Morris, Spencer B. King, Robert A. Guyton, Joseph M. Craver
Journal: Circulation (1997)

The immediate and long-term outcomes of reoperative coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) (n = 1561) and catheter-based coronary intervention (angioplasty) (n = 2613) were compared in patients from Emory University Hospitals who had previous CABG.The surgical and angioplasty procedures and statistical methods were standard. Data were collected prospectively and entered into a computerized database. Followup was by letter, telephone, or additional events resulting in readmission. In the angioplasty group, 2.9% required in-hospital CABG. Hospital mortality was 1.2% after angioplasty versus 6.8% after repeat CABG (P < .0001). Recurrent angina was noted frequently at about 4 years and was more common after angioplasty. One-, 5-, and 10-year mortalities were 11%, 24%, and 49% after CABG versus 6%, 22%, and 38% after angioplasty. Survival corrected for baseline differences did not vary with the choice of procedure. There were more additional procedures after angioplasty. Patients undergoing angioplasty may be divided into those with procedures only in native coronary arteries (n = 1545), only in vein grafts (n = 869), and a mixture (n = 199), with respective 10 year survivals of 66%, 56%, and 65% (P < .0001).These patients have a high incidence of events both in-hospital and in the long term. Although initial mortality was higher after CABG, after baseline differences were accounted for, there was no difference in the long term. Patients more frequently have additional procedures after angioplasty. Choice of therapy should consider clinical and angiographic suitability and patient preference.
Portrait of a Marriage
Authors: Charles D. Aring
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This is an artistic work on the subject of bisexuality, describing the condition as experienced by the author's mother, author and poet Vita Sackville-West. In a jacket blurb by Leon Edel, the book is characterized as "truly fascinating and civilized," a "journal of her Sapphic and transvestite passion [which] will live in erotic history as a supreme document, a real-life experience that reads like a novel of the spiritual as well as physical conflicts of androgyny." It would be difficult indeed to improve on this evaluation. An 80-page manuscript written in 1920 when she was 28 years old—a manuscript found by her son soon after her death in 1962—forms the backbone of the book. The story is embellished by accurate family records for a number of generations. These materials, along with an account of her formative years and adolescence, courtship, and marriage, her son has woven into a graceful framework
1067. Amelioration of Arthritis after Local Delivery of an Adeno-Associated Virus Type 6 Expressing a TNF-Blocking Agent under a Disease-Inducible Promoter
Authors: Maroun Khoury, Jan Adriaansen, Pascale Louis-Plence, Danièle Noel, Pascal Bigey, C. de Cortie, David Gould, Margriet Vervoordeldonk, Daniel Scherman, Paul-Peter Tak, Christian Jorgensen, Florence Apparailly
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Aim: Intra-articular gene delivery using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors has great potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found that direct injection of recombinant (r)AAV5 into the knee joints of DBA/1 mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) resulted in the highest synovial transduction. Since anti-TNF strategies have proven effective for the treatment of RA, we studied the potential of intra-articular gene delivery using a rAAV5 encoding a chimeric human TNF-|[alpha]| soluble receptor I variant (TNFR- Ig) in CIA. Moreover, the therapeutic gene was expressed under a chimeric disease-inducible NF-|[kappa]|B and IL-6-responsive promoter (NL6).
Abstract 5453: Drug transport in peritoneal tumors during intraperitoneal therapy – evaluation by computational model
Authors: Yue Gao, Peng Guo, Ze Lu, Max Tsai, M. Guillaume Wientjes, Jessie L-S. Au
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Clinical studies have established that the efficacy of intraperitoneal paclitaxel therapy is dependent on the tumor size, producing survival advantage in patients with small tumors (&amp;lt;1 cm diameter) but not in patients with larger tumors. This study was to investigate the mechanisms of this observation. We developed computational models to examine the effects of tumor size, drug binding (to extracellular proteins), tumor heterogeneity, and drug absorption on drug interstitial transport. The required model parameters were obtained from the literature. The models were used to simulate the drug penetration in small (0.3 cm) and larger (1 cm) tumors. Model performance was evaluated by comparing the simulated results to lab-generated experimental data using paclitaxel in mice bearing peritoneal metastases of ovarian tumors. The experiments measured drug concentration vs tumor penetration depth using autoradiography. The validated models were then used to generate penetration kinetic data for tumors of different sizes. The simulated penetration kinetics was subsequently compared to the pharmacodynamic data obtained from the literature (i.e., the C×T50 that produced 50% inhibition of tumor growth). The penetration kinetic models described the interstitial paclitaxel transport by both diffusion and convection, and the drug absorption into tumor vasculature by diffusion. The model-predicted concentration-penetration depth profiles were in general agreement with the experimental profiles (average deviation of 13.7%), indicating good model performance. The simulated drug C×T exceeded the C×T50 value at depth of up to 3 mm (from all sides of the outer tumor perimeter), indicating that for a spherical tumor of 1 cm diameter, 6.4% of the tumor (volume) would receive less than the therapeutic exposure, C×T50. Additionally, doubling the tumor diameter to 2 cm increased the subtherapeutic tumor volume fraction by nearly 5-times (34.3%). We have developed computational models to depict interstitial drug transport in peritoneal tumors during intraperitoneal therapy. These models provide quantitative measures of the effect of tumor size on local drug exposure for the tumor, and have the potential of predicting the tumor pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics for a given treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5453. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5453
Abstract 3373: Aberrant expression of TG2 reprograms mammary epithelial cells by inducing mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell-like characteristics
Authors: Anupam Kumar, Jia Xu, Gao Hui, Dihu y, James Reuben, Kapil Mehta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The “Incurable” nature of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) poses a major clinical challenge in successful treatment of breast cancer. Despite significant advances in early detection and disease management, the prognosis of MBC patients remains poor with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 26%. Understanding the molecular pathways/factors responsible for the progression of MBC is critical for improved clinical outcomes. We and others previously found that metastatic breast cancer cells express high basal levels of the proinfflamtory protein tissue transglutaminase (TG2) and that its expression is associated with metastatic and drug-resistant phenotypes in breast cancer cells. However, mechanisms that underlie TG2-mediated metastatic transformation of breast cells remained elusive. To understand the significance of TG2 in MBC, we stably transfected TG2 in non-transformed breast mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A and MCF12A). Interestingly, TG2 expression induced marked changes in the morphology of cells from cobblestone looking cells to elongated mesenchymal like appearance. Study of various epithelial and mesenchymal markers revealed the loss of epithelial (e-cadherin and β-catenin) and gain of mesenchymal (vimentin and fibronectin) markers in TG2 expressing cells. Moreover, TG2 expression resulted in constitutive activation of Akt and NF-kB and upregulated transcription repressors like, Snail1, Zeb1, Zeb2 and twist1. Interestingly, TGF-β a known inducer of EMT, failed to induce EMT in MCF10A cells transfected with TG2 Sh-RNA. TG2 expression in MCF10A cells was associated with increased invasion, disrupted polarity, increased resistance to doxorubicin, and ability of cells to grow and form colony in soft-agar. Next we determined weather TG2-induced EMT promotes the stem cell phenotype. Study of breast stem cell markers revealed that TG2 expression is associated with dramatic increase in CD44high/CD24low cell subpopulation. Moreover, mammosphere-forming ability of both normal and cancerous breast epithelial cells was significantly augmented by TG2 expression. TG2-derived stem cells showed increase in self-renewal ability and they terminally differentiated into basal and/or luminal cell types in response to prolactin treatment. These results imply that aberrant expression of TG2 could reactivate a comprehensive program in differentiated mammary epithelial cells to endow them stem cell-like properties for successful colonization and macromatastasis. These results also supported the contention that TG2 could serve as a promising therapeutic target for treatment of MBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3373. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3373
Faces of the Enemy: Reflections of the Hostile Imagination
Authors: Neil J. Elgee
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Vivid and jolting, this book is a major new contribution to the literature of the psychology of war and hence to the prevention of the final epidemic. Sam Keen's slide lecture on the<i>Faces of the Enemy</i>is familiar to many members of Physicians for Social Responsibility, who will commend its publication in this lavishly illustrated and carefully documented volume on the psychology of enmity. A PBS documentary based on the book has also aired June 3. Somehow Keen has found 322 illustrations, 117 in color, for this extraordinary collection of propaganda art, political posters, and cartoons, all dealing with perceptions of the enemy. The text has as many new twists of thought concerning how we think about enemies as the pictorial material has twisted images of antagonists. While Keen writes with a disarmingly calm grace, both the pictures and his verbal images arrest us, so that we are forced