tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Use of 18F-FDG PET/CT, DW-MRI, and DCE-MRI in Treatment Response for Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy in Locally Invasive Rectal Cancers
Authors: Jing Gu, Pek-Lan Khong, Silun Wang, Wailun Law, Tao Chan, Tony W. H. Shek, Rico Liu, Jingbo Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We investigated if 18F-FDG PET/CT, DW-MRI, and DCE-MRI are able to predict preoperative chemoradiation therapy (CRT) response in patients with T3-4 rectal adenocarcinomas. MRI and PET/CT scans were performed within 1 week, at baseline, early midtreatment (2 weeks of CRT), and posttreatment (6 weeks after completing CRT). Responders (n = 4) and nonresponders (n = 4) were defined according to tumor regression grade by histology. Only SUVmax (P = 0.030) at early midtreatment could significantly differentiate between responders and nonresponders, suggesting that 18F-FDG PET/CT may be effective to predict early treatment response compared with DW-MRI and DCE-MRI in T3-4 rectal cancer.
The Papillary Muscle Syndrome
Authors: George E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Normal mitral valve function is dependent upon several structures other than the valve leaflets alone. These structures are in anatomic continuity from the atrial muscle to the ventricular muscle and, in addition to the leaflets, include the valve ring, the chordae tendineae, conduction tissue, and the papillary muscles. For perfectly normal valve function, each of these structures must be (1) anatomically and functionally intact, (2) in appropriate spatial interrelationship, and (3) operative in correct temporal sequence with respect to related structures. Obviously, normal mitral valve function is dependent upon a rather complex and finely coordinated system. In the past, of all the structures in this system, the papillary muscles have received the least interest and study. Yet they are of paramount importance, and disturbances of their function are a common cause of mitral valve incompetence. <h3>Pathophysiology</h3> Causes of papillary muscle dysfunction may be outlined as follows: Circulatory insufficiency (ischemia) Angina
Salt or no salt in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites: a randomised study.
Authors: A Gauthier, V G Levy, A Quinton, H Michel, B Rueff, L Descos, J P Durbec, J Fermanian, S Lancrenon
Journal: Gut (1986)

To compare the effect of diet, cirrhotic patients with ascites were randomised into two treatment groups: (1) a low sodium diet (21 mmol) per day or (2) an unrestricted sodium intake. Both groups received effective doses of diuretics (spironolactone or, if necessary, spironolactone and furosemide. One hundred and forty patients from 12 liver units were included according to well defined criteria (group 1: 76; group 2: 64). After an initial four to seven day period of bed rest and salt restriction (21 mmol sodium pd), randomisation was done in each centre. We saw no significant difference between the two groups with respect to clinical and biochemical data; mortality or withdrawal (definitive or temporary) because of biochemical disturbances (group 1: 34%, group 2: 22%); the time for complete disappearance of ascites was significantly shorter (p = 0.014) for the salt restricted patients actuarial survival (curves plotted up to the 120th day) was not statistically different (p = 0.18), but division into subgroups using various prognostic factors showed that survival was significantly better for salt restricted patients without previous gastrointestinal bleeding (p = 0.02); hospitalisation time and costs were identical in both groups. We conclude that the advantage of a normal salt diet was not shown in this study.
A revised nomenclature for allergy: An EAACI position statement from the EAACI nomenclature task force
Authors: S. G. O. Johansson, J.O'B Hourihane, J. Bousquet, C. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, S. Dreborg, T. Haahtela, M. L. Kowalski, N. Mygind, J. Ring, P. van Cauwenberge, M. van Hage-Hamsten, B. Wuthrich
Journal: Allergy (2001)

This report has been prepared by an EAACI task force representing the five EAACI Sections and the EAACI Executive Committee composed of specialists that reflect the broad opinion on allergy expressed by various clinical and basic specialties dealing with allergy. The aim of this report is to propose a revised nomenclature for allergic and related reactions that can be used independently of target organ or patient age group. The nomenclature is based on the present knowledge of the mechanisms which initiate and mediate allergic reactions. However, the intention has not been to revise the nomenclature of nonallergic hypersensitivity.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor in the Vitreous Fluid of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Rafael Simó, Albert Lecube, José García-Arumí, Esther Carrasco, Cristina Hernández
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

e read with interest the article by Aso et al. (1) showing greater plasma concentrations of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in type 2 diabetic patients compared with matched control subjects.While the authors found no significant associations between fasting levels of IL-18 and homeostasis model assessment, a measure of insulin resistance, they found associations between IL-18 and C-reactive protein concentrations.Moreover, carotid intima-media thickness, a validated surrogate measure of atherosclerosis, was greater in diabetic patients with high IL-18 than in those with normal IL-18.As a whole, these data add to the mounting evidence that diabetes may be regarded as a chronic lowgrade inflammatory state.However, we disagree with the authors' conclusions that "the present study demonstrated for the first time that plasma IL-18 concentrations were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients than in age-matched control subjects" because we have reported similar findings in Diabetes Care (2).In that study, we demonstrated that 30 newly diagnosed, slightly overweight (BMI 26.9 Ϯ 1.2 kg/m 2 , means Ϯ SD) type 2 diabetic patients without clinical or instrumental evidence of micro-and macrovascular complications presented higher circulating concentrations of IL-18 compared with nondiabetic subjects matched for sex, age, and body weight (205 Ϯ 39 vs. 120 Ϯ 25 pg/ml, P Ͻ 0.01).It is reassuring to see that the fasting values of IL-18 in the Japanese diabetic patients studied by Aso et al. (1) were quite similar (203 Ϯ 153 pg/ml) to those of our Caucasian diabetic patients and that the relation between fasting plasma glucose and IL-18 concentrations was present in both studies (r ϭ 0.31, P Ͻ 0.05; r ϭ 0.24, P Ͻ 0.02, respectively).These results suggest that ethnicity does not to play a major role in these associations.IL-18 is a potent proinflammatory cy-tokine reported to play a role in plaque destabilization (3) and predict cardiovascular death in patients with coronary artery disease (4).Although IL-18 is produced mainly by monocyte/macrophages, a contribution from adipose tissue has recently been suggested (5).In the light of the evidence that IL-18 circulating levels are higher in type 2 diabetic patients than matched nondiabetic subjects and correlate with fasting glucose levels, it does not seem hazardous to hypothesize that IL-18 may play a role in acute coronary syndromes through plaque destabilization ( 6).This working hypothesis, which deserves further investigation, also finds support in the observation that acute hyperglycemia may increase circulation levels of IL-18 in both normal subjects and patients with impaired glucose tolerance (7).
Prevalence of American Heart Association Type VI Carotid Atherosclerotic Lesions Identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Different Levels of Stenosis as Measured by Duplex Ultrasound
Authors: Tobias Saam, Hunter R. Underhill, Baocheng Chu, Norihide Takaya, Jianming Cai, Nayak L. Polissar, Chun Yuan, Thomas S. Hatsukami
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Hepatitis C in asymptomatic British blood donors with indeterminate seropositivity
Authors: D J Mutimer, R F Harrison, K B O'Donnell, J Shaw, B A B Martin, H Atrah, F A Ala, S Skidmore, S G Hubscher, J M Neuberger, E Elias
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Results ofassays* for serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus infour groups ofpatients with thyroid disease ELISA RIBA Type of thyroid disease Negative result Positive result Indeterminate result Positive result Simple goitre 50 0 --Graves' disease 49 1 1 Myxoedema 48 2 -1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis 38 12t -5 Total 15t 1 6 RIBA=recombinant immunoblot assay.*Difference for detection of hepatitis C antibodies in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis v other thyroid diseases combined, P < 0 0001 for ELISA and P=001 for recombinant immunoblot assay.t24% (95%/o confidence interval
Cholesterol Screening and Coronary Artery Heart Disease
Authors: Charles M. Grossman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1989Cholesterol Screening and Coronary Artery Heart DiseaseCharles M. Grossman, MDCharles M. Grossman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-4-341 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The recent article by Garber and colleagues (1) on serum cholesterol as a cardiac risk factor was very comprehensive and well documented. Is it fair, however, to add more weight to incorrect information in the literature? In both the abstract and the text, reference was made to the often expressed idea that "reduction of cholesterol levels lowers the incidence of and the mortality from coronary disease in asymptomatic, hypercholesterolemic, middle-aged men." The statement implies cause and effect. The report from the Lipid Research Clinics-Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (2) did show an association between lowering serum...References1. GarberSoxLittenberg AHB. Screening asymptomatic adults for cardiac risk factors: the serum cholesterol level. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:622-39. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1984;251:351-64. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MartinHulleyBrownerKullerWentworth MSWLD. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and mortality. Implications from a cohort of 361,662 men. Lancet. 1986;2:933-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. . The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial results. I. Reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1984;251:351-64. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. . The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial: design and implementation. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32:609-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Kronmal R. Commentary on the published results of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial. JAMA. 1985;253:2091-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland, OR 97205 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1989Volume 111, Issue 4Page: 341-342KeywordsCholesterolClinical trial reportingCoronary artery heart diseaseHeart diseasesLipidsMedical risk factorsMortality Issue Published: 15 August 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 491: NLG919, a novel indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-pathway inhibitor drug candidate for cancer therapy.
Authors: Mario R. Mautino, Firoz A. Jaipuri, Jesse Waldo, Sanjeev Kumar, James Adams, Clarissa Van Allen, Agnieszka Marcinowicz-Flick, David Munn, Nicholas Vahanian, Charles J. Link
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The IDO pathway mediates immunosuppressive effects through the metabolization of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (Kyn), triggering downstream signaling through GCN2, mTOR and AHR that can affect differentiation and proliferation of T cells. Expression of the IDO1 gene by tumor cells or host APCs can inhibit tumor-specific effector CD8+ T cells and enhance the suppressor activity of Tregs, and high expression of IDO correlates with worse clinical prognosis in patients with a variety of malignancies. Therefore, targeting the IDO pathway via inhibition of the IDO enzyme or blocking its downstream signaling effects is a prime target for small-molecule immunomodulatory drugs in cancer. Here we describe the pharmacological and biological properties of NLG919, a novel small-molecule IDO-pathway inhibitor. NLG919 potently inhibits this pathway in vitro and in cell based assays (Ki=7 nM; EC50 =75 nM). It is orally bioavailable (F&amp;gt;70%); and has a favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile. In mice, a single oral administration of NLG919 reduces the concentration of plasma and tissue Kyn by ∼ 50%. Using IDO-expressing human monocyte-derived DCs in allogeneic MLR reactions, NLG919 potently blocked IDO-induced T cell suppression and restored robust T cell responses with an ED50=80 nM. Similarly, using IDO-expressing mouse DCs from tumor-draining lymph nodes, NLG919 abrogated IDO-induced suppression of antigen-specific T cells (OT-I) in vitro, with ED50=120 nM. In vivo, in mice bearing large established B16F10 tumors, administration of NLG919 markedly enhanced the anti-tumor responses of naïve, resting pmel-1 cells to vaccination with cognate hgp100 peptide plus CpG-1826 in IFA. In this stringent established-tumor model, NLG919 plus pmel 1/vaccine produced a dramatic collapse of tumor size within 4 days of vaccination (∼95% reduction in tumor volume compared to control animals receiving pmel-1/vaccine alone without NLG919). In conclusion, NLG919 is a potent IDO pathway inhibitor with desirable pharmacological properties, suitable for the treatment of immunosuppression associated with cancer. Citation Format: Mario R. Mautino, Firoz A. Jaipuri, Jesse Waldo, Sanjeev Kumar, James Adams, Clarissa Van Allen, Agnieszka Marcinowicz-Flick, David Munn, Nicholas Vahanian, Charles J. Link. NLG919, a novel indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-pathway inhibitor drug candidate for cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 491. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-491
Spinal injuries and BMX bicycles.
Authors: S R Johnson, J A Fairclough
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Death and serious injury in child motorcyclistsThe increasing number of children aged under 16 years who have been injured while riding motorcycles has been called an epidemic.I We report on 10 children admitted to hospital with serious injuries as a result of riding motorcycles and on another child who died before admission-the first death, to our knowledge, of a child motorcyclist reported in the United Kingdom.
Adriamycin cardiomyopathy in the rabbit: an animal model of low output cardiac failure with activation of vasoconstrictor mechanisms
Authors: L. ARNOLDA, B. McGRATH, M. COCKS, E. SUMITHRAN, C. JOHNSTON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Chronic administration of intravenous adriamycin (1 mg·kg−1 twice weekly for 8 weeks) to rabbits resulted in a cardiomyopathy which was similar to that occurring in patients with adriamycin cardiotoxicity. We studied systemic and renal haemodynamics and the activation of vasoconstrictor mechanisms reflected by changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), noradrenaline (NA) and vasopressin (AVP) levels during the development of heart failure in this animal model. By 8 weeks cardiac failure was clearly established. At postmortem all animals had dilated hearts, pleural and pericardial effusions, ascites and hepatic congestion. Heart weights were increased (8.1 ± 0.7 g in treated animals n = 9 vs 6.0 ± 0.2 g in controls n = 9 p < 0.05). Cardiac output (measured by thermodilution) fell at 8 weeks from 799 ± 61 ml·min−1 to 624 ± 44 ml·min−1 (n = 6 p < 0.05) with a parallel fall in mean blood pressure from 85 ± 2 mmHg to 75 ± 4 mmHg. Total peripheral resistance rose in four of the six rabbits. Renal blood flow fell from 108 ± 4 ml·min−1 to 61 ± 6 ml·min−1 (p < 0.05) by 8 weeks. Renal vascular resistance increased in all animals. PRA increased from 5.1 ± 0.5 ng AI·ml−1·h−1 to 11.6 ± 2.6 ng AI·ml−1·h−1 by 4 weeks (p < 0.05) and remained elevated thereafter. Plasma NA did not change significantly by 4 weeks but approximately doubled by eight weeks (0.7 ± 0.1 pmol·ml−1 to 1.6 ± 0.2 pmol·ml−1). Vasopressin levels did not change significantly. These results suggest that vasoconstrictor mechanisms may be activated sequentially in heart failure with early activation of the renin-angiotensin system and later activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Adriamycin cardiomyopathy in the rabbit is a good model of low output heart failure which closely resembles the human condition and thus offers considerable potential for investigating the pathophysiology, pathogenic factors and newer therapeutic modalities.
The Definition of "Drug"
Authors: Paul H. Logan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I regret Dr. Philip Solomon's acceptance of the current focus on drug abuse to condone a change in definition of the word "drug" (<b>206</b>:1521, 1968): The word "drug" is now widely used to mean only those highly active substances taken for pleasurable, rather than therapeutic purposes, usually with the implication of illicitness and danger. Aspirin, digitalis, etc, are now called "medicines." I doubt the change is quite as he sees it. I think most of us are aware that with respect to marihuana, for example, there is no therapeutic design as drug or as medicine. It is unlikely that the Food and Drug Administration is about to change its name.
LAG-3, a novel lymphocyte activation gene closely related to CD4.
Authors: F Triebel, S Jitsukawa, E Baixeras, S Roman-Roman, C Genevee, E Viegas-Pequignot, T Hercend
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We have identified a novel human gene of the Ig superfamily, designated LAG-3. Expression of this gene is undetectable in resting PBL, while it is found (a 2-kb message) in activated T and NK cells. The LAG-3 gene includes eight exons; the corresponding cDNA encodes a 498-amino acid membrane protein with four extracellular IgSF domains. The first one belongs to the V-SET; it is particular since it includes an extra loop in the middle of the domain and an unusual intrachain disulphide bridge. The three other domains belong to the C2-SET. Strong internal homologies are found in the LAG-3 molecule between domains 1 and 3, as well as between domains 2 and 4. It is therefore likely that LAG-3 has evolved by duplication of a pre-existing gene encoding a two IgSF-domain structure. The compared analysis of LAG-3 and CD4, with respect to both their peptidic sequence as well as their exon/intron organization, indicated that the two molecules are closely related. This point is strengthened by the finding that both genes are located on the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 12.
Telling the Patient — Forensic Club — Minister for Science
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

ONE of the most frequent complaints of patients in this country, and one that reflects a certain difference of practice between this country and North America, is the reticence on the part of the doctors to discuss with them the medical details of their case. In no type of case is the reticence more obvious than whenever there is any question of a malignant lesion. Malignant is indeed an ugly word, and the student is taught to avoid its use in the presence of patients and the mention of cancer has also been taboo. It is clear, however, that opinion . . .
STUDIES ON HUMAN ANTIBODIES
Authors: Emmett W. Bassett, Stuart W. Tanenbaum, Katherine Pryzwansky, Sam M. Beiser, Elvin A. Kabat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Antilevan, antidextran, antiteichoic acid, anti-"A" and normal gammaG, all isolated from a single human, as well as pooled gammaG and gammaM, were analyzed for amino acid content. Differences ranging from 7 to 32 residues were found among these antibodies in glycine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, arginine, lysine, and threonine content. These conspicuous differences in amino acid composition were not correlated with the Gm type of these antibodies. Hydroxylysine was found in two of the four antibodies, antidextran and antiteichoic acid, and in gammaM- immunoglobulin. No hydroxylysine was found in gammaG- globulins. These findings probably account for discrepancies in the literature concerning the occurrence of this residue in antibody protein.
The Management of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Saul A. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE results of the treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease continue to improve. A disease that was considered uniformly fatal only several decades ago now can be cured in the majority of newly diagnosed patients with appropriate staging, radiation and chemotherapy programs. However, the details of the management of these patients continue to evolve. New treatment programs are being proposed and tested often before the full appreciation of the benefits and complications of former programs have been recorded. The problem is even more complicated since Hodgkin's disease is a disorder that includes a wide spectrum of presenting manifestations, prognoses and . . .
The Glucose Transporter Glut1 Is Selectively Essential for CD4 T Cell Activation and Effector Function
Authors: Andrew N. Macintyre, Valerie A. Gerriets, Amanda G. Nichols, Ryan D. Michalek, Michael C. Rudolph, Divino Deoliveira, Steven M. Anderson, E. Dale Abel, Benny J. Chen, Laura P. Hale, Jeffrey C. Rathmell
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Substance P antagonist and immune hypersensrtivity reactions
Authors: S. Shuster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Substance P antagonist and immune hypersensrtivity reactions Get access S. Shuster S. Shuster University Department of Dermatology, The University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 6, 1 December 1991, Page 605, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb14809.x Published: 01 December 1991
Family practice. A Danish view.
Authors: I Hansson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of HPV 16 and 18 E6 by DNA detection and p53 abnormal protein expression in cervical cancers in Hong Kong. MATERIALS AND METHODS--Seventy-three squamous cell cervical cancer biopsy were analysed. Detection of HPV DNA was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting (PCR/SB) technique using primers to the HPV16 &amp; 18 E6 region and consensus primers to the L1 region. Abnormal expression of the p53 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHS) using the antibody CM1 on frozen sections of 55 cervical cancer samples. Forty-six samples were analysed for both the presence of HPV DNA and abnormal expression of p53. RESULTS--67.2% of the 64 samples showed the presence of HPV 16 E6 DNA and 39.1% showed the presence of HPV 18 E6 DNA. 32.8% showed the presence of both HPV 16 and 18 E6 DNA. No HPV DNA was shown in 10.9% of samples. Only 3.6% (2) of 55 samples showed positive IHS with CM1. One occurred in a HPV negative sample and the other in a HPV positive sample. CONCLUSION--A high prevalence of HPV DNA was detected in cervical cancer in Hong Kong using the PCR/SB technique. However, abnormal expression of p53 was uncommon amongst patients with or without HPV 16 or 18 infection.