tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nature and Nurture at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibody-Mediated Aplastic Anemia and Diffuse Fasciitis
Authors: Ronald Hoffman, Nicholas Dainiak, Laurence Sibrack, Jordan S. Pober, James A. Waldron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

IT has been suggested that aplastic anemia may be due to either a deficiency of hematopoietic stem cells or an adverse interaction between stem cells and factors in the marrow microenvironment.1 The possibility that autoreactive antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia has been unsuccessfully explored.2 In contrast, antibody-mediated inhibition of erythropoiesis may be responsible for the development of acquired pure red-cell aplasia.3 Recently, the role of humoral factors in aplastic anemia has undergone renewed scrutiny.4 5 6 7 In the patient with severe aplastic anemia described below, bone-marrow aplasia was associated temporally with the development of diffuse fasciitis (a recently . . .
Haemodynamic and neurohormones release inhibiting effects of a DA<sub>2</sub>/α<sub>2</sub> agonist
Authors: Roberta Razzetti, Fiorella Pastore, Marilena Riunno, Marco Bergamaschi, Paola Caruso, Ivano Rondelli, Stefano Bongrani
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Health Insurance: Definitions and Distinctions-Reply
Authors: Dana Gelb Safran
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Loftman's comments point to two important but separate issues. The first relates to whether indemnity (fee-for-service) insurance can fairly be considered separately from managed care. The second relates to whether employer-provided coverage can fairly be categorized as fee-for-service.  With regard to the first point, we agree that there is an increasingly important distinction between traditional indemnity insurance and indemnity insurance with utilization review, sometimes called managed indemnity coverage. In 1994, traditional indemnity insurance is increasingly rare. But at the time that our data were collected (1986 to 1988), the distinction between traditional and managed indemnity insurance was much less important; traditional indemnity was the dominant form of indemnity coverage nationally and in our study.  With regard to the second point, Loftman notes that the only true fee-for-service plan is indemnity insurance purchased by individuals (not employers or government) with no utilization review component. This form of coverage
Identification of impaired metabolic reserve by atrial pacing in patients with significant coronary artery stenosis.
Authors: M Grover-McKay, H R Schelbert, M Schwaiger, H Sochor, P M Guzy, J Krivokapich, J S Child, M E Phelps
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We investigated myocardial 11C-palmitate clearance kinetics at a resting heart rate (control) and during pacing using positron-emission tomography in 10 patients with significant coronary artery stenosis (greater than 70%) and evidence of exercise-induced ischemia. Serial 11C-palmitate images acquired at control and during pacing revealed biexponential myocardial 11C clearance both in myocardium supplied by a stenotic coronary artery (myocardium "at risk") and in myocardium supplied by a normal coronary artery (normal myocardium). At control, the average rate of myocardial 11C clearance from the early rapid curve component (the clearance half-time) was similar in normal myocardium and in that at risk (22.2 +/- 5.2 vs 21.0 +/- 5.4 min, NS), as was the amount of myocardial 11C activity at the end of the early rapid phase (residual fraction 56.3 +/- 7.2% vs 54.7 +/- 7.3%, NS). Thus, myocardial clearance was homogeneous at control, suggesting a similar rate and amount of 11C-palmitate oxidation in normal myocardium and in that at risk. Pacing shortened clearance half-times and decreased residual fraction in both normal myocardium and that at risk compared with control. However, clearance half-times were 17% longer and residual fractions 14% higher in myocardium at risk compared with normal myocardium (p less than .005 and p less than .01, respectively). Therefore, during pacing myocardial 11C clearance became heterogeneous, suggesting impaired 11C-palmitate oxidation in myocardium at risk compared with normal myocardium. Increased substrate utilization in response to increased workload can be thought of as a measure of metabolic reserve. Our data suggest metabolic reserve for free fatty acid oxidation is impaired in myocardium supplied by a significantly stenosed coronary artery and that this impairment can be detected by analysis of myocardial 11C-palmitate clearance.
Abstract 1570: Novel strategy for eradicating lymph node metastasis of early-stage colorectal cancers using telomerase-dependent replicating adenoviral agent.
Authors: Satoru Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Futoshi Uno, Masahiko Nishizaki, Shunsuke Kagawa, Yasuo Urata, Robert M. Hoffman, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract One of the biggest challenges in endoscopic therapeutic approach for early colorectal cancer with submucosal invasion is how to treat regional lymph nodes (LNs) possibly metastasized. The rate of LN metastasis in submucosal invasive colorectal cancer are estimated approximately 10%. Since endoscopic treatment can't clean LNs outside the bowel physically, open or laparoscopic surgical treatment is still gold standard for submucosal invasive colorectal cancer. We previously reported that in an orthotopic rectal tumor mouse model, a telomerase-dependent tumor killing adenoviral agent (OBP-301) spreads to the regional LNs, selectively replicates in cancer cells in metastasized LNs, and inhibits LN metastasis, when administered into the primary advanced rectal tumor. In this study we evaluated the effectiveness of novel less invasive treatment against submucosal invasive colorectal cancer, using local tumor resection such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and OBP-301. HCT-116-GFP human colon cancer cells were orthotopically implanted into the submucosal layer of nude mouse rectum with resultant submucosal invasive early rectal tumor. LN metastasis was observed in 78.5% of mice as early as 7 days after cancer cell inoculation, and the rectal tumor of mice with LN metastasis got locally excised with prior peritumoral injection of OBP-301 solution, mimicking ESD technique. Seven days after tumor resection, treatment of OBP-301 showed a significant inhibition in LN metastasis status compared to control group. Moreover, LN metastatic recurrence was not detected in OBP-301 treated group even 4 weeks after tumor resection. The combination of ESD and OBP-301 has promising potential to take place of the conventional surgical approach in treating submucosal invasive colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Satoru Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Kishimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yuuri Hashimoto, Futoshi Uno, Masahiko Nishizaki, Shunsuke Kagawa, Yasuo Urata, Robert M. Hoffman, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara. Novel strategy for eradicating lymph node metastasis of early-stage colorectal cancers using telomerase-dependent replicating adenoviral agent. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1570. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1570
Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Arthur K. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Based on study of and experience with more than 450 patients and treatment of more than 250 patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome,<sup>1</sup>we have identified a group of patients who can be successfully treated only if the dosage of haloperidol is titrated very slowly, perhaps in increments of 0.25 mg/day every three weeks. This slow treatment method grew out of several observations during our treatment of patients. Some patients elected to or found it necessary to discontinue administration of the medicine because of side effects. Tic symptoms usually return and side effects usually disappear four days after stopping administration of the medicine. In some patients the tic symptoms did not fully reappear after discontinuing treatment with haloperidol for at least three weeks, and side effects from the medicine persisted for three weeks. These clinical observations suggest the hypothesis that patients who discontinue treatment with
Non-invasive assessment of the age related changes in stiffness of major branches of the human arteries
Authors: T. KAWASAKI, S. SASAYAMA, S.-I. YAGI, T. ASAKAWA, T. HIRAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

The static mechanical properties of major branches of the human arteries (common carotid artery, abdominal aorta, femoral artery, and brachial artery) were studied in 39 subjects, aged 6-81 years, using an ultrasonic phase locked echo tracking system that allows continuous transcutaneous measurement of the diameter of the artery. The stiffness indices were calculated from the relation between systemic blood pressure and arterial diameter. With advancing age there was a significant increase in the diameter of all arteries with a reduction in percentage change in diameter. The stiffness index increased with age in all arteries; however, in the brachial and femoral arteries there was considerable variation in the individual values for a given age. The age associated increase in stiffness was statistically significant only in the common carotid artery and the abdominal aorta. Although the mechanical properties of the peripheral arteries were significantly influenced by the measuring environment, the calculated stiffness indices were less vulnerable to these stimuli in the central arteries. These results indicate that the stiffness indices of the peripheral muscular arteries are modified appreciably by vasoactive stimuli and that the mechanical properties of the deeper elastic arteries provide sufficiently reliable information about changes caused by aging and arteriosclerosis. The new ultrasonic method used appears to be suitable for this analysis.
THE CONCENTRATION OF AUREOMYCIN IN URINE AND CEREBROSPINAL, PLEURAL AND ASCITIC FLUIDS AFTER ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION 1
Authors: Harry F. Dowling, Mark H. Lepper, Eston R. Caldwell, Richard L. Whelton, Robert L. Brickhouse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1949)

During our previously reported studies (1) on the absorption of aureomycin in humans after oral and intramuscular administration, we found that aureomycin was sometimes present in the cerebro- spinal fluid.We have extended these studies in order to determine the conditions under which aureomycin will be detectable.The present paper
CO-TRIMOXAZOLE VERSUS NON-ABSORBABLE ANTIBIOTICS IN ACUTE LEUKAEMIA
Authors: J.G. Watson, R.L. Powles, D.N. Lawson, G.R. Morgenstern, Beryl Jameson, T.J. Mcelwain, I. Judson, Hilary Lumley, H.E.M. Kay
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
STUDIES ON THE ENTRY AND EGRESS OF POLIOMYELITIC INFECTION
Authors: Harold K. Faber, Rosalie J. Silverberg, Luther Dong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

In rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys without signs or symptoms of poliomyelitis, a comparison of the incidence, numbers, size, and character of lesions in certain peripheral ganglia (gasserian, nodose, superior cervical sympathetic, and celiac) was made between 9 "new" animals sacrificed 1 to 3 days after arrival in a laboratory devoted exclusively to poliomyelitis research, and 17 "old" animals housed there without special isolation precautions for periods ranging from 17 days to 10(1/2) months. The comparison showed that the "old" animals had more infiltrative lesions of various sizes than the "new" and that neuronophagia occurred in 65 per cent of the "old" animals as compared with none in the "new." The heaviest and most frequent involvement occurred in the gasserian and superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, while that of the nodose (vagal afferent) ganglia was somewhat less, and that of the celiac ganglia was still less and without neurophagia. The ganglia of the VII and IX cranial nerves were also examined and showed no lesions of note. Reasons are presented for believing that the lesions were of centripetal and not of centrifugal origin. The lesions, while not positively identified as poliomyelitic, were of similar morphology, were presumably due to an infective neurotropic agent, and were acquired under conditions of potential exposure to poliomyelitis virus. The possibility is suggested that the asymptomatic acquisition of neurotropic lesions in this group of casually exposed monkeys can be comparable to the acquisition of "subclinical" poliomyelitis in man.
Outcome of breech delivery at term.
Authors: A. C. Deans, A. C. Allman, P. J. Steer
Journal: BMJ (1992)

psychological and physical consequences of abdominal delivery other than those directly affect- ing subsequent pregnancies are often overlooked.From a review of the literature Bingham and Lilford concluded that planned abdominal delivery of fetuses presenting by the breech at term might be a safer option for the mother even if only 17% of trials of vaginal breech delivery were unsuccessful.'However, the authors used estimates of maternal mortality and morbidity, and postpartum hysterectomy was the only measure of serious postpartum morbidity.Long term morbidity after discharge from hospital was not addressed.Feldman and Freiman, using a mathematical analysis of American data (Commission on Profes- sional and Hospital Activities 1974 and 1978), calculated that routine elective caesarean section might be safer when the incidence of failed trial of labour was greater than 26%./.They also concluded that the excess maternal mortality resulting from a complete shift of all women in labour to prophy- lactic caesarean section would be 1 in 18000.No measure of morbidity was included in this analysis, and the authors concluded that extrapolating retro- spectively accumulated data to projections in hypothetical new approaches could lead to un- reliable conclusions.Unfortunately, Thorpe-Beeston and colleagues have not told us why the nine "normal" term infants died; possibly, breech presentation was undiagnosed, the mothers presented in advanced labour, or there was cord prolapse.Such accidents would occur even if a policy of wholesale caesarean section was introduced.Certainly, delivery in breech presentations at term should be made safer, but before a shift away from vaginal breech delivery is advocated the impact this would almost certainly have on both morbidity and mortality for the delivering mother must be addressed.
Alan Godfrey Johnson
Authors: Malcolm W R Reed
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Professor of surgery who developed evidence based surgery and medical ethicsAlan Johnson rose rapidly through the ranks of academic surgery to become reader in surgery at Charing Cross Hospital in 1971, a post he held until moving to the chair in surgery in Sheffield in 1979.He combined excellence in surgical skills, sharp scientific aptitude, a rigorous approach to developing evidence based surgery, and a strong interest in medical ethics.He translated these interests into a body of published work which made an important contribution to the disciplines of gastroduodenal motility, hepatobiliary and upper gastrointestinal surgery, randomised surgical trials, and medical ethics.In total, he edited or authored 10 textbooks, over 35 book chapters, and almost 200 original publications.Two of his books were published after his retirement, including a text on surgical palliative care, and his last book, entitled Making Sense of Medical Ethics and written jointly with his son Paul, was completed a month before his death.He published prospective randomised trials evaluating the role of lithotripsy in the treatment of gallstones and a trial comparing laparoscopic with mini-and evaluated new techniques throughout his surgical career and latterly had been a pioneer in the surgical treatment of obesity.
Multipotent stem/progenitor cells in the human foetal biliary tree
Authors: Rossella Semeraro, Guido Carpino, Vincenzo Cardinale, Paolo Onori, Raffaele Gentile, Alfredo Cantafora, Antonio Franchitto, Cristina Napoli, Maurizio Anceschi, Roberto Brunelli, Daniela Bosco, Alessia Torrice, Lola Reid, Eugenio Gaudio, Domenico Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
A Novel KLF4/LDHA Signaling Pathway Regulates Aerobic Glycolysis in and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Min Shi, Jiujie Cui, Jiawei Du, Daoyan Wei, Zhiliang Jia, Jun Zhang, Zhenggang Zhu, Yong Gao, Keping Xie
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor and putative tumor suppressor. However, little is known about its effect on aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic tumors. Therefore, we investigated the clinical significance, biologic effects, and mechanisms of dysregulated KLF4 signaling in aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells. Experimental Design: Expression of KLF4 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in 70 primary pancreatic tumors and 10 normal pancreatic tissue specimens was measured. Also, the underlying mechanisms of altered KLF4 expression and its impact on aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer cells were investigated. Results: We found a negative correlation between KLF4 and LDHA expression in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues and that their expression was associated with clinicopathologic features of pancreatic cancer. KLF4 underexpression and LDHA overexpression were correlated with disease stage and tumor differentiation. Experimentally, KLF4 overexpression significantly attenuated the aerobic glycolysis in and growth of pancreatic cancer cells both in vitro and in orthotopic mouse models, whereas knockdown of KLF4 expression had the opposite effect. Enforced KLF4 expression decreased LDHA expression, whereas small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of KLF4 expression had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, KLF4 bound directly to the promoter regions of the LDHA gene and negatively regulated its transcription activity. Conclusions: Dysregulated signaling in this novel KLF4/LDHA pathway significantly impacts aerobic glycolysis in and development and progression of pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(16); 4370–80. ©2014 AACR.
Effects of Performing Resistance Exercise Before Versus After Aerobic Exercise on Glycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jane E. Yardley, Glen P. Kenny, Bruce A. Perkins, Michael C. Riddell, Janine Malcolm, Pierre Boulay, Farah Khandwala, Ronald J. Sigal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To determine the effects of exercise order on acute glycemic responses in individuals with type 1 diabetes performing both aerobic and resistance exercise in the same session.Twelve physically active individuals with type 1 diabetes (HbA(1c) 7.1 ± 1.0%) performed aerobic exercise (45 min of running at 60% V(O(2peak))) before 45 min of resistance training (three sets of eight, seven different exercises) (AR) or performed the resistance exercise before aerobic exercise (RA). Plasma glucose was measured during exercise and for 60 min after exercise. Interstitial glucose was measured by continuous glucose monitoring 24 h before, during, and 24 h after exercise.Significant declines in blood glucose levels were seen in AR but not in RA throughout the first exercise modality, resulting in higher glucose levels in RA (AR = 5.5 ± 0.7, RA = 9.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L, P = 0.006 after 45 min of exercise). Glucose subsequently decreased in RA and increased in AR over the course of the second 45-min exercise bout, resulting in levels that were not significantly different by the end of exercise (AR = 7.5 ± 0.8, RA = 6.9 ± 1.0 mmol/L, P = 0.436). Although there were no differences in frequency of postexercise hypoglycemia, the duration (105 vs. 48 min) and severity (area under the curve 112 vs. 59 units ⋅ min) of hypoglycemia were nonsignificantly greater after AR compared with RA.Performing resistance exercise before aerobic exercise improves glycemic stability throughout exercise and reduces the duration and severity of postexercise hypoglycemia for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Barriers to Care in Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Michigan Experience
Authors: Roland G. Hiss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine the barriers to optimal care at the community level for patients with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Design: Comprehensive evaluation of the clinical, psychosocial, and educational status of community-based patients with NIDDM, with subsequent review by local diabetes advisory councils of this status and the care those patients have received. The frequency with which patients visited their physician for diabetes management, received patient education, received diet counseling, and were examined by an ophthalmologist—four services universally recognized to be components of optimal diabetes care—was determined for all patients. Setting: Eight Michigan communities, four large and four small. Patients: From 1988 to 1994, 1056 patients with NIDDM (defined by stimulated C-peptide criteria) were studied. Results: The frequency with which all patients with NIDDM visited their community primary care physician in 1994 was 3.7 times per year (4.6 times for patients taking insulin and 3.2 times for those not taking insulin). Thirty-three percent of all patients with NIDDM (48% of those taking insulin and 24% of those not taking insulin) had received all three other essential services, whereas 15% [6% taking insulin and 20% not taking insulin] had never received any of these services. Factors contributing to this level of care and barriers preventing more intensive management of community-based patients with NIDDM were identified by the diabetes advisory councils as they analyzed data from their own communities. The councils determined that the main barriers to optimal care of community-based patients with NIDDM are that 1) NIDDM is not considered or managed as a serious problem by most physicians and their patients; 2) the genetic basis for and refractory nature of obesity are not generally appreciated; and 3) as a complex, multisystemic chronic illness, diabetes fits poorly in a health care delivery system designed to deal with acute and episodic illnesses. Conclusion: Most community-based patients with NIDDM are not aggressively managed because of attitudinal, educational, and systemic factors that act as barriers to optimal health care delivery.