tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
" Limited Practice " and the Code of Ethics.
Authors: Q. C. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Please see page 446, second column, near top of page (for September 20,1890), where your New York correspondent says: "Consumption being peculiarly a disease of<i>civilization</i>(italics mine), is nourished by bad air and overwork amid insalubrious conditions," etc. Now, just what condition of living constitutes the condition the writer regards "civilization," I am unable to tell; but I do know—from years of personal observation—that our North American Indians, especially those that most nearly approach savagery, not only often die of various forms of phthisis, but are far more subject to tuberculosis (pulmonalis and other forms), than the white people of any city in the United States. And not only so, but the Indians who live and ramble over the Rocky Mountains, from British America to Mexico, are also quite subject to phthisis pulmonalis (and other forms of phthisis), notwithstanding they breathe (when out-doors) the best air
TCT-287 Safety Evaluation of Paclitaxel Coated Balloon as a “Same-Drug” and “Crossover-Drug” Treatment for Drug Eluting Coronary Stent In-Stent Restenosis in a Large Animal Model
Authors: Serge D. Rousselle, Yan Li, Chris Barry, Javier A. Garza, Armando Tellez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Advanced Phase I/II Studies of Targeted Gene Delivery In Vivo: Intravenous Rexin-G for Gemcitabine-resistant Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sant P Chawla, Victoria S Chua, Lita Fernandez, Dorris Quon, William C Blackwelder, Erlinda M Gordon, Frederick L Hall
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Rexin-G, a nonreplicative pathology-targeted retroviral vector bearing a cytocidal cyclin G1 construct, was tested in a phase I/II study for gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. The patients received escalating doses of Rexin-G intravenously from 1 × 1011 colony-forming units (cfu) 2–3× a week (dose 0–1) to 2 × 1011 cfu 3× a week (dose 2) for 4 weeks. Treatment was continued if there was less than or equal to grade 1 toxicity. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed, and no vector DNA integration, replication-competent retrovirus (RCR), or vector-neutralizing antibodies were noted. In nine evaluable patients, 3/3 patients had stable disease (SD) at dose 0–1. At dose 2, 1/6 patients had a partial response (PR) and 5/6 patients had SD. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months at dose 0–1, and >7.65 months at dose 2. Median overall survival (OS) was 4.3 months at dose 0–1, and 9.2 months at dose 2. One-year survival was 0% at dose 0–1 compared to 28.6% at dose 2, suggesting a dose–response relationship between OS and Rexin-G dosage. Taken together, these data indicate that (i) Rexin-G is safe and well tolerated, and (ii) Rexin-G may help control tumor growth, and may possibly prolong survival in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer, thus, earning US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) fast-track designation as second-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. Rexin-G, a nonreplicative pathology-targeted retroviral vector bearing a cytocidal cyclin G1 construct, was tested in a phase I/II study for gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. The patients received escalating doses of Rexin-G intravenously from 1 × 1011 colony-forming units (cfu) 2–3× a week (dose 0–1) to 2 × 1011 cfu 3× a week (dose 2) for 4 weeks. Treatment was continued if there was less than or equal to grade 1 toxicity. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed, and no vector DNA integration, replication-competent retrovirus (RCR), or vector-neutralizing antibodies were noted. In nine evaluable patients, 3/3 patients had stable disease (SD) at dose 0–1. At dose 2, 1/6 patients had a partial response (PR) and 5/6 patients had SD. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months at dose 0–1, and >7.65 months at dose 2. Median overall survival (OS) was 4.3 months at dose 0–1, and 9.2 months at dose 2. One-year survival was 0% at dose 0–1 compared to 28.6% at dose 2, suggesting a dose–response relationship between OS and Rexin-G dosage. Taken together, these data indicate that (i) Rexin-G is safe and well tolerated, and (ii) Rexin-G may help control tumor growth, and may possibly prolong survival in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer, thus, earning US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) fast-track designation as second-line treatment for pancreatic cancer.
Does It Matter How Hypertension Is Controlled?
Authors: Aram V. Chobanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Currently, approximately 73 million adults in the United States and approximately 1 billion adults worldwide have hypertension, and the prevalence is increasing.1 Many clinical trials have examined the effects of antihypertensive drugs. Studies comparing the effects of antihypertensive medications with those of placebo have shown consistently that lowering blood pressure is associated with major reductions in the incidence of coronary events, strokes, and congestive heart failure.2 These benefits have been observed irrespective of age, sex, severity of the hypertension, presence or absence of associated risk factors . . .
Adverse Reactions Associated with Cannabis Products in India
Authors: WILLIAM GROSSMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Six patients with emotional disorders associated with the use of ganja, bhang, and hashish, products prepared from Cannabis sativa var. indica, by Westerners in India are reported. The major psychiatric problems seen included anxiety reactions of moderate to severe intensity and psychotic reactions of schizophrenic and schizoaffective types. Our experience is compared with that recently reported by others and is found to be similar. The possibility that observed frequencies of serious adverse reactions to cannabis products in different areas may represent different segments of a dose-response curve to active isomers of tetrahydrocannabinol is discussed. Although current evidence by no means constitutes proof of a causal role for cannabis in emotional disturbance, it is suggested that, until there is further and definitive information as to the effects of cannabis products on the mental health of those who use them, a cautious attitude towards their widespread and unsupervised use is justified.
Becoming a grandmother--Has childbirth really changed?
Authors: A. Oakley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

It was a long labour—23 hours from when the membranes ruptured to the birth. But then the length of labour has always been one of the subjects on which mothers and obstetric case notes tend to differ. There are quite a lot of things that mothers and health professionals disagree about, and it is partly because we now understand these better that childbirth has changed so much over the past 30 years.

Women in Britain used to give birth in a horizontal position and in the presence of masked and gowned hospital staff without the support of familiar companions. The dehumanising rituals of shaving and enemas prevailed. No one was allowed to eat in labour, and walking around or even getting off the bed were unthinkable. And then all the new gadgetry of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, syntocinon pumping machines, and epidural analgesia arrived to make the labouring mother even more of a hostage to technology. No wonder women complained.

This was how it was when …
Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Autophagic Degradation of Helicobacter pylori CagA Is Specifically Suppressed in Cancer Stem-like Cells
Authors: Hitoshi Tsugawa, Hidekazu Suzuki, Hideyuki Saya, Masanori Hatakeyama, Toshiya Hirayama, Kenro Hirata, Osamu Nagano, Juntaro Matsuzaki, Toshifumi Hibi
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. 2. Patterns of initiation and termination of re-entry.
Authors: N El-Sherif, R R Hope, B J Scherlag, R Lazzara
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The electrophysiologic mechanisms for the initiation and termination of re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias (RVA) were critically analyzed in dogs 3-7 days following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery, utilizing direct recordings of the re-entrant pathway (RP) from the epicardial surface of the infarction zone. Re-entry could occur during a regular cardiac rhythm if the heart rate is within the narrow critical range during which conduction in a potentially RP exhibits a Wenckebach-like (W) pattern with a beat-to-beat increment of conduction delay until the activation waveform is sufficiently delayed to re-excite normal myocardium. If a regular cardiac rhythm is associated with limited conduction delay in a potentially RP, premature beats within a critical range of coupling intervals could result in sufficient conduction delay to induce re-entry. Re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias may be unmasked on abrupt termination of a critical fast rate of cardiac pacing only if pacing was terminated during those beats of a W pattern associated with marked conduction delay in a RP. RVA could be ended by one or more properly timed premature beats that would pre-excite part of the RP. An electrophysiologic mechanism for R-on-T and its relationship to onset of ventricular fibrillation was shown, based on markedly delayed RP conduction of the beat prior to the one apparently coupled to the premature beat.
Evaluation of a New Measure of Blood Glucose Variability in Diabetes
Authors: Boris P. Kovatchev, Erik Otto, Daniel Cox, Linda Gonder-Frederick, William Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Recent studies show the importance of controlling blood glucose variability in relationship to both reducing hypoglycemia and attenuating the risk for cardiovascular and behavioral complications due to hyperglycemia. It is therefore important to design variability measures that are equally predictive of low and high blood glucose excursions.We introduce the average daily risk range (ADRR), a variability measure computed from routine self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) data. The ADRR was constructed using a development dataset for 39 and 31 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The formula was then fixed, and the ADRR was compared against other variability measures using an independent validation dataset containing approximately 4 months of SMBG for 254 and 81 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.From the 1st month of validation SMBG data, we computed the ADRR, blood glucose SD and coefficient of variation, daily blood glucose range and interquartile range, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, M-value, and lability index. Then all measures were tested as predictors of low blood glucose (<2.2 mmol/l; <3.9 mmol/l) and high (>10 mmol/l; >22.2 mmol/l) events in the subsequent 3 months. The ADRR was the best predictor of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, with a 6-fold increase in the likelihood of hypoglycemia and 3.5-fold increase in the likelihood of hyperglycemia across its risk categories.In a large SMBG database, the ADRR showed strong association with subsequent out-of-control glucose readings. Compared with other variability measures, the ADRR demonstrated a superior balance of sensitivity to predicting both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. This prediction was independent from type of diabetes.
Diagnosis of Erectile Impotence in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: ISMET KARACAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Objective procedures for both the differential and specific diagnosis of erectile impotence were applied in a study of 13 diabetic men. Monitoring of nocturnal penile tumescence provided evidence of patients' erectile capacity and allowed differential diagnosis of organogenic impotence. Follow-up evaluations of penile blood pressure, bulbocavernosus reflex response latency, and plasma concentrations of testosterone and prolactin allowed localization of probable organic deficits. Bulbocavernosus function was compromised in nine patients, and penile systolic blood pressure was abnormally low in five. Hormone levels were typically within the normal range. These procedures are recommended for comprehensive assessment of impotent diabetic persons in both clinical and research settings.
Abstract LB-510: Longitudinal imaging of melanoma cancer cell metastasis in a preclinical model by bioluminescence, PET/CT, and MRI
Authors: Pavan P. Adiseshaiah, Stephan T. Stern, Nimit L. Patel, Lilia V. Ileva, Joseph D. Kalen, Diana C. Haines, Scott E. McNeil
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor are a leading cause of poor prognosis and death from cancer. The lung is the most common organ for metastatic spread of cancer and leads to 20-50% of cancer-related deaths. Early detection of cancer metastasis to the lung and other organs could be beneficial in disease management. In animal studies, most secondary-site disseminated tumors are evaluated by optical imaging, and gross examination at necropsy and subsequent histopathological analysis. These techniques are limited in that they do not offer the ability to monitor animals during the course of tumor development, and optical microscopy may have inadequate field of view (3-D morphometrics) for thorough tumor evaluation. Noninvasive imaging allows for serial imaging of the same animal, with the ability to repeat measurements in real-time to enhance the observation of disease progression and therapeutic response. Here, we compared the multimodal noninvasive whole-body imaging techniques bioluminescence, 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to image lung metastasis development following intravenous injection of melanoma cells (B16-F10 melanoma cell line expressing luciferase gene) in C57BL/6. By bioluminescence imaging, tumor cell localization in the lungs was evident as early as 3 days (1 x 105 photons/sec; total flux) post cancer cell inoculation and steadily increased through the end of week four (1 x 108 photons/sec; total flux). The increase in the lung tumor burden was confirmed by lung histopathology. As it was difficult to de-convolve the effects of photon flux spreading from lungs over other organs, other metastatic sites were not evaluated by bioluminescence. CT and 18F-FDG-PET are used clinically to image lung metastasis and offer excellent resolution of anatomical and metabolic details of cancer cells. We were able to image metastatic nodules in the lung by PET/CT at week four, which showed a strong correlation with histopathology analysis. [18F]FDG-PET/CT also revealed metastasis in the kidney and mesentery and were confirmed by histopathology. T2-weighted MRI at week 4 identified several lung tumors and metastatic cancers in the abdomen. A comparison of [18F]FDG/PET at week 4 to MRI and CT displayed several highly metabolic regions within the tumors. Histopathology confirmed the metastatic spread of the melanoma cells to the lung, mediastinum, kidney, and mesentery. Funded by NCI contract No. HHSN261200800001E. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-510. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-510
TCT-235 Long-segment stenting (≥ 28 mm) with everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Jens Wiebe, Oliver Doerr, Christoph Liebetrau, Eva M. Wilkens, Dursun Gündüz, Timm Bauer, Helge Moellmann, Christian Hamm, Holger Nef
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Women in the Health System: Patients, Providers, and Programs
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<i>Women in the Health System: Patients, Providers and Programs</i>provides a comprehensive and balanced overview of women's health care needs, the social and environmental factors that influence their health status and their receipt of medical care, the health care programs and policies that most directly affect them, and the roles women have traditionally assumed and currently play as providers of health care services. The author states in the preface that the book is intended for students in the health professions and in women's studies programs, health care educators who are responsible for training providers and administrators of medical care services, and importantly, for women themselves, as a tool to catalyze and guide critical analysis of their roles in the health care delivery system. Dr Marieskind provides a wealth of data to document the points discussed in the book. An extensive list of references accompanies each chapter. The cross-national comparative data
Novel autocrine feedback control of catecholamine release. A discrete chromogranin a fragment is a noncompetitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist.
Authors: S K Mahata, D T O'Connor, M Mahata, S H Yoo, L Taupenot, H Wu, B M Gill, R J Parmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Catecholamine secretory vesicle core proteins (chromogranins) contain an activity that inhibits catecholamine release, but the identity of the responsible peptide has been elusive. Size-fractionated chromogranins antagonized nicotinic cholinergic-stimulated catecholamine secretion; the inhibitor was enriched in processed chromogranin fragments, and was liberated from purified chromogranin A. Of 15 synthetic peptides spanning approximately 80% of chromogranin A, one (bovine chromogranin A344-364 [RSMRLSFRARGYGFRGPGLQL], or catestatin) was a potent, dose-dependent (IC50 approximately 200 nM), reversible secretory inhibitor on pheochromocytoma and adrenal chromaffin cells, as well as noradrenergic neurites. An antibody directed against this peptide blocked the inhibitory effect of chromogranin A proteolytic fragments on nicotinic-stimulated catecholamine secretion. This region of chromogranin A is extensively processed within chromaffin vesicles in vivo. The inhibitory effect was specific for nicotinic cholinergic stimulation of catecholamine release, and was shared by this chromogranin A region from several species. Nicotinic cationic (Na+, Ca2+) signal transduction was specifically disrupted by catestatin. Even high-dose nicotine failed to overcome the inhibition, suggesting noncompetitive nicotinic antagonism. This small domain within chromogranin A may contribute to a novel, autocrine, homeostatic (negative-feedback) mechanism controlling catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and neurons.
386 ASSOCIATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS PRE-S DELETIONS WITH THE RISK OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: A.P. Yeung, D.K.H. Wong, J. Fung, J.C.H. Yuen, F.K.C. Fung, C.L. Lai, M.F. Yuen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist FTY720 supports CXCR4-dependent migration and bone marrow homing of human CD34+ progenitor cells
Authors: Takafumi Kimura, Andreas M. Boehmler, Gabriele Seitz, Selim Kuçi, Tina Wiesner, Volker Brinkmann, Lothar Kanz, Robert Möhle
Journal: Blood (2004)
Kinetics, cross-reactivity, and specificity of Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies induced by immunotherapy with birch pollen
Authors: B. Subbarayal, D. Schiller, C. Möbs, N. W. de Jong, C. Ebner, N. Reider, D. Bartel, J. Lidholm, W. Pfützner, R. Gerth van Wijk, S. Vieths, B. Bohle
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Background IgE antibodies specific for the major birch pollen allergen frequently cross-react with Bet v 1 homologous food proteins, for example Cor a 1 in hazelnut and Mal d 1 in apple. Specific immunotherapy with birch pollen (BP-SIT) induces IgG4 antibodies that inhibit IgE binding to Bet v 1. However, information on cross-reactivity of BP-SIT-induced Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies with food allergens is limited. In this study, we investigated the kinetics of production, cross-reactivity, and IgE-blocking activity of Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies emerging during conventional BP-SIT and whether IgG4-epitopes overlapped with IgE epitopes. Methods IgE and IgG4 levels specific for Bet v 1, Mal d 1, and Cor a 1 were determined in 42 birch pollen–allergic patients before and during BP-SIT. Inhibition of IgE binding was studied by IgE-facilitated antigen-binding assays and basophil activation tests. Furthermore, inhibition of IgE-mediated activation of food allergen-reactive Bet v 1-specific T-cell lines was assessed. Competitive immunoscreening of phage-displayed peptides was applied to select mimotopes recognized by IgE and IgG4 antibodies, respectively. The resulting mimotopes were mapped on the surface of the 3D structure of the allergens using a computer-based algorithm. Results BP-SIT significantly increased Bet v 1- and food allergen-reactive IgG4 antibodies. In parallel, allergen-specific IgE levels decreased significantly. Sera containing food allergen-reactive IgG4 antibodies inhibited IgE binding, basophil activation, and IgE-mediated food allergen-induced T-cell proliferation. Predicted IgE and IgG4 epitopes on all allergens showed high overlap. Conclusion Our results indicate that BP-SIT may induce Bet v 1-specific IgG4 antibodies that cross-react with related food allergens and inhibit IgE binding by epitope competition.
Perspective: National Cancer Institute summary report about estimated exposures and thyroid doses received from iodine 131 in fallout after Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests
Authors: S. A. Hundahl
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1998)

Environmental 131I contamination from atmospheric nuclear bomb tests conducted at the NTS from 1951 to 1958 exposed Americans nationwide to a cumulative average dose of 1 to 4 rad to the thyroid gland. By comparison, 10 years of exposure to natural background sources of thyroid radiation results in a cumulative dose of 1 rad. Americans living in certain high-deposition areas received an average cumulative thyroid dose of as much as 16 rad. Individual dose rates vary considerably as a function of age at the time of exposure, site of residence, and dietary habits with respect to milk consumption. The individual cumulative thyroid dose for persons born between 1945 and 1958 may be significantly higher than the reported averages for their locale. The NCI report contains voluminous data tables permitting detailed calculations of individual dose. Additionally, color-coded dose maps allow one to approximate individual dose conveniently. Translation of cumulative thyroid dose attributable to 131I to predictions of increased rates of thyroid cancer appears problematic and is the subject of further study. In contrast to studies of patients receiving external thyroid irradiation, existing studies of patients treated with 131I for diagnostic and therapeutic medical purposes do not document increased rates of thyroid cancer. An Institute of Medicine task force is expected to issue a report on this subject in September 1998. This review also briefly summarizes the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. Data from 53,856 patients with thyroid cancer accessioned to the NCDB from 1985 to 1995 document extremely high survival rates for patients in the United States with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.
Natural History of Chronic Idiopathic Neutropenia
Authors: Robert A. Kyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

MARKED decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils is usually associated with overwhelming infection and often reflects a primary hematologic disorder or follows the ingestion of drugs. However, severe chronic neutropenia can occur without any grave infections and with no apparent cause.1 Little is known about its long-term natural history. We report here on follow-up studies of patients with severe chronic neutropenia. None had recurrent infections, leukemia, lupus erythematosus, or rheumatoid arthritis. We conclude that chronic idiopathic neutropenia is a benign condition.Initial DataFifteen patients, described in 1968 by Kyle and Linman,1 had chronic idiopathic neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count . . .