tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antimalarial Drugs in Nigeria: Results of a New Survey
Authors: L. J. Bruce-Chwatt, D. W. Horn
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The first survey of the use of antimalarial drugs in Nigeria (Bruce-Chwatt and Bruce-Chwatt, 1950) pro- vided data on some special aspects of prophylaxis and treatment of malaria in this the largest British depen- dency in West Africa.A similar investigation by Nicol (1953) reported on the experience of the expatriate population in Lagos and discussed the value of various protective antimalarials in Nigeria.Chemotherapy of malaria has progressed a great deal during the past decade, and a resurvey of the situation in Nigeria was called for.It was especially timely, be- cause the difficulties of malaria eradication in holo- endemic areas of tropical Africa by residual insecticides alone have aroused more interest in the possibilities offered by chemotherapy (W.H.O., 1957).Moreover, it was thought that an assessment of the situation might be of value, as some new trends in the use of antimalarial drugs in Nigeria reflect the profound socio-economic changes seen in West Africa to-day.This paper deals mainly with the small and transient but well-defined group of the non-immune expatriate population; problems of malaria in the indigenous population of Nigeria will be presented at a future date.Nevertheless, a considerable amount of information pertaining to chemotherapy of malaria in Africans was collected and is reported here.
Are All Diseases Infectious?
Authors: Bennett Lorber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The complex interactions between microorganisms and human hosts include the well-known, traditional infectious diseases and the symbiotic relation we have with our normal flora. The media have brought to the public's attention many newly described infectious diseases, such as Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever, that were not part of common medical parlance a decade ago. While flooding us with interesting and often dramatic reports of so-called emerging infectious diseases, the media have largely ignored a more fundamental change in our appreciation of human-microorganism interactions: the discovery that transmissible agents may play important roles in diseases not suspected of being infectious in origin. A well-known example is ulcer disease; other examples include neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory disease, and cancer. These fascinating instances of host-pathogen interaction open new prospects for the prevention of disease through immunization.
Baby growth needs proper re-evaluation
Authors: Magda Sachs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Timing of tracheostomy in adult patients Potential ramifications are alarmingEditor-In their systematic review and meta-analysis Griffiths et al conclude that tracheostomies should be performed earlier in critically ill patients. 1As ear, nose, and throat surgeons we find the potential ramifications quite alarming, primarily as undertaking this major operation is not without potential morbidity in patients who are already systemically unwell. 2 3 These patients are often anaemic and have coagulopathies and sepsis among other comorbidities-points that we thought the authors had not discussed, and factors that have implications for the surgical procedure.In our experience, many patients listed for tracheostomy from intensive care units are extubated or sometimes die while waiting for their procedure; if tracheostomy were performed immediately these patients would be subjected to unnecessary procedures.The postoperative sequelae of tracheostomy are a slow weaning process before patients can be decannulated, followed by potential tracheal stenosis. 4hese patients may be able to leave intensive care earlier, but Griffiths et al do not say how long they then remain inpatients before discharge because of problems with rehabilitation with a tracheostomy tube in situ.Interestingly, although duration of ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit were shortened by an earlier tracheostomy, mortality was not altered and inpatient stay was likely to have been lengthened. 5he authors divided timing of tracheostomy into two groups, demarcated by seven days after intubation, making an artificial separation that seems invalid.It would have been more interesting to see whether increasing number of days have a proportional relation to the duration of ventilation and stay in intensive care on a linear scale.We advise great caution in interpreting the findings of Griffiths et al and about its impact on the delivery of the tracheostomy service in hospitals.
Comparison of the electrophysiologic effects of intravenous and oral lorcainide in patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: D S Echt, L B Mitchell, R E Kates, R A Winkle
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The electrophysiologic effects of intravenous lorcainide (2.2 mg/kg) in 10 patients were compared with the electrophysiologic effects of oral lorcainide (mean dose 400 mg/day for 8 days) in 11 patients, all with recurrent ventricular tachycardia that could be induced with programmed stimulation. Intravenous and oral lorcainide resulted in similar prolongation of the QRS, QT, and HV intervals, but only oral lorcainide resulted in prolongation of the AH interval and atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods. After both oral and intravenous lorcainide, ventricular tachycardia could still be induced, but the arrhythmia was slower and better tolerated hemodynamically. The mean plasma lorcainide level during a maintenance intravenous infusion was 1254 +/- 662 ng/ml compared with a lorcainide level of 562 +/- 41 ng/ml and a norlorcainide level of 1212 +/- 653 ng/ml after oral dosing. No norlorcainide was detected in plasma after intravenous lorcainide. These data suggest that the short-term electrophysiologic effects of intravenous lorcainide may be different from those of short-term therapy with the oral drug. These differences should be considered during short-term studies of lorcainide.
Nasal Polyps and Sinusitis
Authors: Raymond G. Slavin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Despite the prevalence and long history of nasal polyps, many questions still exist with respect to incidence and pathogenesis. Although allergy has been commonly thought to be a major cause, much compelling evidence argues against this. Medical therapy consists of a short course of systemic steroids followed by intranasal steroids. Sinusitis is the most commonly reported chronic disease in the United States. Decrease in ostial size, retention of secretions, and decrease in mucociliary action all contribute to the pathogenesis of sinusitis. The clinical presentation of chronic sinusitis is generally subtle and the clinical index of suspicion must be high. Limited coronal computed tomography is regarded as the most definitive and cost-effective imaging technique for the diagnosis of sinusitis. Appropriate antibiotics must be administered for a sufficient period. In medically resistant sinusitis, functional endoscopic sinus surgery has emerged as the procedure of choice.
DNA diagnosis of Hb S and Hb Caribbean (α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>2</sub><sup>91</sup> Leu→Arg) in a Jamaican family
Authors: John S. Waye, Margaret Patterson, Barry Eng, David H. K. Chui, Graham D. Sher, Nancy F. Olivieri
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract We describe a Canadian infant of Jamaican descent who presented with mild anemia. Hb electrophoresis revealed Hb S and an unknown Hb variant that migrated slightly faster than Hb S on cellulose acetate. Molecular studies of the family indicated that the proband is a compound heterozygote for Hb S and Hb Caribbean. Hb Caribbean has previously been characterized as a mildly unstable hemoglobin with low oxygen affinity, due to a Leu→Arg substitution at amino acid residue 91. The present study establishes the molecular basis for Hb Caribbean (β91, CTG→CGG) and confirms that Hb S/Hb Caribbean syndrome is not associated with serious clinical manifestations. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
LONG-TERM CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS VERSUS SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: SORT OUT IV 4-YEAR
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Per Thayssen, Evald Christiansen, Michael Maeng, Jan Ravkilde, Knud Hansen, Henrik Hansen, Lars Krusell, Klára Berencsi, Anne Kaltoft, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Anders Junker, Jens Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Needs for biological risk assessment in interspecies extrapolation.
Authors: D B Clayson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

This paper suggests that not all chemicals shown to be carcinogenic in animals may exert this effect in humans exposed to much lower amounts of the chemical. It is possible that agents which differ in their effects in humans and animals may be identified through the application of Biological Risk Assessment to the experimental results. Chemicals tested in systems in which untreated animals develop high background yields of tumors or in which high-dose toxicity may be a critical factor in the induction of carcinogenesis are suggested as candidates requiring very careful consideration before their carcinogenicity in humans is assumed.
Panretinal Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Neil M. Bressler, Roy W. Beck, Frederick L. Ferris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Proliferative retinopathy develops in a 55-year-old man with type 2 diabetes. Panretinal photocoagulation, which causes reduced production of VEGF by destroying hypoxic retinal cells, is recommended. Diminished peripheral vision and night vision can occur.
Recent Advances in Dermatology
Authors: Peter N. Horvath
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This collection of review articles, by an international group of experts, aims to summarize advances in dermatology during the past ten years, primarily in disease processes encountered by the average practitioner. The book covers the topics of cutaneous bacteriology, mycology, and viral diseases; contact dermatitis; atopic dermatitis; acne vulgaris; psoriasis; the photodermatoses; biology and immunology of vitiligo and malignant melanoma; immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopy of bullous diseases; genetically determined diseases; and recent advances in topical therapy. The presentations are fairly technical, presupposing some knowledge of dermatology. The authors' purpose is to discuss the basic mechanism of a particular disease process and to make practical application of this knowledge in treating disease. The chapter on therapy brings in the European point of view, slightly different than the American approach. Excellent references are provided in each chapter in case more detailed information is needed. In my opinion, this book is primarily for the
Bile duct destruction by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane does not block the small hepatocyte-like progenitor cell response in retrorsine-exposed rats
Authors: Hunter D. Best, William B. Coleman
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Liver regeneration after surgical partial hepatectomy (PH) in retrorsine-exposed rats is accomplished through the outgrowth and expansion of small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells (SHPCs). The cells of origin for SHPCs and their tissue niche have not been identified. Nevertheless, some investigators have suggested that SHPCs may represent an intermediate or transitional cell type between oval cells and mature hepatocytes, rather than a distinct progenitor cell population. We investigated this possibility through the targeted elimination of oval cell proliferation secondary to bile duct destruction in retrorsine-exposed rats treated with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DAPM). Fischer 344 rats were treated with 2 doses (30 mg/kg body weight) retrorsine (at 6 and 8 weeks of age) followed by PH 5 weeks later. Twenty-four hours before PH, select animals were given a single dose of DAPM (50 mg/kg). Treatment of rats with DAPM produced severe bile duct damage but did not block liver regeneration. Oval cells were never seen in the livers of DAPM-treated retrorsine-exposed rats after PH. Rather, liver regeneration in these rats was mediated by the proliferation of SHPCs, and the cellular response was indistinguishable from that observed in retrorsine-exposed rats after PH. SHPC clusters emerge 1 to 3 days post-PH, expand through 21 days post-PH, with normalization of the liver occurring by the end of the experimental interval. Conclusion: These results provide direct evidence that SHPC-mediated liver regeneration does not require oval cell activation or proliferation. In addition, these results provide strong evidence that SHPCs are not the progeny of oval cells but represent a distinct population of liver progenitor cells.
The sick sinus
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of Infection During Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Franklin D. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During the past three years, the procedure for peritoneal dialysis was altered in an effort to reduce the incidence of infection. Three consecutive groups of patients were treated by three different regimens. Initially, in 1964, a large-bore indwelling peritoneal catheter was inserted surgically, and the duration of dialysis was prolonged for periods up to 29 days. Prophylactic antibiotics were not administered but protective isolation of the patient was employed. During that year, peritonitis occurred in almost 50% of patients and was caused solely by enteric organisms. In 1965 and 1966, peritonitis was eliminated by a regimen consisting of prophylactic oral administration of neomycin and employment of a thin stylet-catheter which was introduced percutaneously, used for only two to three days, and reinserted thereafter as necessary. Protective isolation of the patient and prophylactic use of tetracycline in the dialysis fluid appeared to be unnecessary and were abandoned.
INCREASED EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE LEVELS IN AMBULATORY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE FOLLOWING EXERCISE: IMPORTANCE OF PULMONARY VENOUS HYPERTENSION
Authors: Wai Hong, Wilson Tang, Akanksha Thakur, Praneet Kumar, Anne Kanderian, Alan G. Borowski, Gary S. Francis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Prisoners are developing resistance to HIV drugs because their care is fractured
Authors: Claire Laurent
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The chaotic nature of prison is detrimental to the health care of inmates, delegates at the Health Protection Agency's conference in Warwick this week were told. The frequent transfer of prisoners around the system has led to a lack of continuity in care.

“HIV patients are transferred from one prison to another, but their retroviral drugs don't go with them,” delegate Tim Moss, a consultant at Doncaster Royal Infirmary, told the conference. Discontinuous treatment meant that these patients were developing resistance to their antiretrovirals. “It is nothing short of negligence,” he said.

It …
Correlation of left atrial mechanical and electrical remodeling following short duration atrial fibrillation
Authors: Hirotsugu Yamada, None Yong Jin Kim, Tomotsugu Tabata, Neil L. Greenberg, Erwan Donal, Deborah A. Agler, Junko Watanabe, Yauhua Zhang, Shaowei Zhuang, Kent A. Mowrey, Todor N. Mazgalev, Don W. Wallick, David R. Van Wagoner, James D. Thomas, Richard A. Grimm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
In vitro idiotypic suppression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes secreting monoclonal immunoglobulin M anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody.
Authors: C A Bona, A S Fauci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

A patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was found to have B cells with surface immunoglobulin (Ig)M manifesting anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) specificity together with a high titer serum monoclonal anti-SRBC IgM antibody. By immunizing a sheep with the monoclonal IgM antibody, followed by multiple absorptions against normal human IgM, an anti-idiotype (Id) antibody was obtained. The serum IgM anti-SRBC antibody was then demonstrated to share the same idiotypic determinants with the surface IgM with anti-SRBC specificity on the patient's B cells. The anti-Id antibody suppressed the spontaneous secretion of anti-SRBC antibody as well as the pokeweed mitogen-induced anti-SRBC antibody production as measured by a hemolysis-in-gel plaque-forming cell assay. In contrast, pokeweed mitogen-induced anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell responses of normal individuals were not suppressed by the anti-Id antibody. Thus, this study demonstrates in vitro suppression of human B-cell function by anti-Id antibody.
Effect of prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 haplodeficiency on the hepatocarcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Femke Heindryckx, Anna Kuchnio, Christophe Casteleyn, Stephanie Coulon, Kim Olievier, Isabelle Colle, Anja Geerts, Louis Libbrecht, Peter Carmeliet, Hans Van Vlierberghe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Taxol, Tamoxifen, And Tsongas: Top Cancer-Related Stories of 1992
Authors: K. Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Taxol, Tamoxifen, And Tsongas: Top Cancer-Related Stories of 1992 Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 1, 6 January 1993, Pages 14–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.1.14 Published: 06 January 1993
High-Dose Yttrium-90–Ibritumomab Tiuxetan With Tandem Stem-Cell Reinfusion: An Outpatient Preparative Regimen for Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Liliana Devizzi, Anna Guidetti, Corrado Tarella, Michele Magni, Paola Matteucci, Ettore Seregni, Carlo Chiesa, Emilio Bombardieri, Massimo Di Nicola, Carmelo Carlo-Stella, Alessandro M. Gianni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

To develop high-dose myeloablative therapy for CD20(+) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as a safe and widely applicable regimen.Patients with relapsed/refractory (n = 25) or de novo high-risk (n = 5) NHL received one myeloablative dose of yttrium-90 ((90)Y)-ibritumomab tiuxetan after five chemotherapy courses, including three cycles of anthracycline- or platinum-containing regimens, one cycle of cyclophosphamide (4 to 7 g/m(2)), and one cycle of cytarabine (12 to 24 g/m(2)). The only exclusion criteria were CNS lymphoma and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of more than 3. Primary end points were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Secondary end points included safety and applicability of high-dose (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan. To minimize hematologic toxicity, stem cells were reinfused at days 7 and 14 after (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan.Thirteen patients received (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan 0.8 mCi/kg, and 17 patients received 1.2 mCi/kg. At 1.2 mCi/kg, the radiation absorbed by critical nonhematologic organs approached the protocol-defined upper safety limit, defining this as the recommended dose for subsequent studies. Hematologic toxicity was mild to moderate and of short duration. Infections occurred in 27% of patients (none had a severity grade greater than 3). After a median observation time of 30 months (range, 22 to 48 months), no myeloid secondary malignancy or chromosomal abnormality was observed, the OS rate was 87%, and the EFS rate was 69%.High-dose (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan seems to be an innovative myeloablative regimen with unprecedented short-term toxicity and wide applicability. Further studies are required to assess its long-term safety and role in the management of CD20(+) NHL.
Renal Transplantation—1972
Authors: J. M. Lazarus, C. L. Hampers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Editorial Notes1 March 1972Renal Transplantation—1972J. M. LAZARUS, M.D., C. L. HAMPERS, M.D.J. M. LAZARUS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. L. HAMPERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-3-504 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe major conclusion one must draw fromThe Ninth Report of the Human Renal Transplant Registry(1) is that since 1966 there has been no significant improvement in patient survival or duration of graft function in renal transplantation. This plateau has occurred despite the use of more sophisticated tissue typing, antilymphocyte globulin, thoracic duct lymphocyte depletion, and a considerable surgical experience. The impressive gains scored before 1966 were clearly due to the introduction of azathioprine and corticoids, the mainstay of present immunosuppressive therapy. Several important factors that affect renal transplant statistics may be influenced by the referring physician, who is...References1. : The Ninth Report of the Human Renal Transplant Registry. Chicago, Ill., American College of Surgeons/National Institutes of Health, 1971 Google Scholar2. ANDRESPENNPUTNAM GIC: Net histocompatibility ratios (NHR) for clinical transplantation. Transplantation Proc 3:140-144, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. PATELTERASAKI RP: Significance of the positive cross-match test in kidney transplantation. N Engl J Med 280:735-739, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JEANNETPINNFLAX MVM: Humoral antibodies in renal allotransplantation in man. N Engl J Med 282:111-117, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. PATELMERRILLBRIGGS RJW: Analysis of results of kidney transplantation: comparison in recipients with and without preformed antileukocyte antibodies. N Engl J Med 285:274-276, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. BALTZANBALTZAN RM: Rate failure in cadaveric renal allografts. Can Med Assoc J 101:552-555, 1969 Google Scholar7. MOOREHEADBAILLODHOPEWELL JRJ: Survival rates of patients treated by home and hospital dialysis and cadaveric transplantation. Br Med J 4:83, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByTechnology in MedicineCONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHYBILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION 1 March 1972Volume 76, Issue 3Page: 504-505KeywordsGlobulinsImmunosuppressivesLymphocytesRenal transplantation Issue Published: 1 March 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...