tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social Norm Theory and Male Circumcision: Why Parents Circumcise
Authors: Sarah E. Waldeck
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2003)

�� I agree with Michael Benatar and David Benatar (2003) that circumcision has powerful culture value. Indeed, empirical studies have shown that the parental decision to circumcise is based primarily on social, not medical, considerations. This commentary discusses how the cultural norm favoring circumcision inouences parental decision making. The dynamics of this process make it unlikely that circumcision rates will decline dramatically, at least in the absence of legal intervention. Even if one withholds normative judgment about circumcision—labeling it neither good nor bad but simply something that is appropriately left to parental discretion—more time should be spent examining the actual reasons parents choose to circumcise. Too often the discussion is about only the medical pros and cons, even though the strength of the cultural norm frequently prevents parents from evenhandedly assessing the medical considerations. Legal theorists have observed that norms often regu
Electrophysiological study of Syrian hamster hereditary cardiomyopathy
Authors: K. L. ROSSNER, H. G. SACHS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

This study was performed to determine if the intracellular electrical activity of adult cardiac papillary muscle from a strain of Syrian hamster (B10 14.6) with a genetically determined cardiomyopathy was different from that of a control strain (B10 RB). Muscles driven at rates from 1 Hz through the physiological range. Resting potentials of muscle from the two strains were not significantly different, except in increased [C2+]0, where the control was slightly hyperpolarised. Action potential overshoot was significantly greater in the myopathic at all frequencies, while the upstroke velocity was not significantly different, except at 8 Hz where the myopathic value was depressed. Action potential durations at 20, 50 and 95% repolarisation were significantly greater in the myopathic, at all rates and with increased [C2+]0. Response of the muscles to verapamil and D600 were complex, with a decrease seen in duration at 20% repolarisation and an increase in 50% duration at 1 Hz rate. No strain-related difference in sensitivity to the drugs was seen. The results supporty the hypothesis that a sarcolemmal defect is intimately related to the genesis of the cardiomyopathy.
IDIOPATHTC GANGRENE IN THE YOUNG.
Authors: M. L. STEVENS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The following case, I believe, is of sufficient interest to merit a place in the literature of gangrene: <h3>Patient.</h3> —Elizabeth W., age 13, farmer's daughter; parents in good health. Personal history good. In appearance is tall but undeveloped. <h3>History.</h3> —March 6, patient walked to my office, one and one-half miles, to consult me in regard to her left foot, which for two days had been painful and slightly swollen. A diagnosis of rheumatism was made. Three days later the soreness and swelling had extended above the ankle and she was unable to walk. There was some malaise. Pulse, 100; temperature, 99.5. Her condition grew worse from day to day, the sorenesss and slight swelling gradually extending up the leg, the soreness being more marked posteriorly along the course of the large blood vessels and the pain usually deep-seated and of a burning character. The foot was
Efficacy of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease who are taking propranolol.
Authors: L J Laslett, L Paumer, P Scott-Baier, E A Amsterdam
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on the efficacy of exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease were assessed in a community-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Twenty-five patients took no beta-adrenergic-blocking agent and 17 patients took a constant dose of propranolol during the 3 month study period. Individual exercise prescriptions consisted of an intensity of 70% of maximal workload monitored by heart rate, performed 20 min each session, three sessions per week. Both groups improved in maximal exercise capacity: from 8.7 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- SD) to 9.7 +/- 2.1 mets (p less than .01) in those not taking propranolol and from 6.6 +/- 1.5 to 7.7 +/- 1.8 mets (p less than .01) in those taking the drug. At a workload of 70% of maximal achieved at pretraining testing, heart rate decreased with training from 123 +/- 19 to 113 +/- 17 beats/min (p less than .01) in those not taking propranolol and from 97 +/- 14 to 92 +/- 12 beats/min (p less than .05) in those taking the drug. At a workload of 85% of pretraining maximum, heart rate similarly was lowered with training from 138 +/- 17 to 126 +/- 17 beats/min (p less than .01) in those not taking a beta-blocker and from 107 +/- 13 to 102 +/- 13 beats/min (p less than .02) in those taking propranolol. Thus patients with coronary disease who take propranolol have the same potential to benefit from physical training as patients who do not take beta-blockers, and exercise does not need to be modified because of the drug.
Acute Diabetic Episode with Remission
Authors: Wingate M. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

A RECENT article by Harwood‡ stimulates me to report briefly 2 cases of acute diabetic episodes with prolonged remissions.Case ReportsCase 1. A 35-year-old man had always been highly nervous and had gained between 34.0 and 36.3 kg. (75 and 80 pounds) in weight over a period of 5 or 6 years. (He explained this gain in weight by saying that he was more comfortable if he ate a large meal with a preponderance of carbohydrates.) On April 20, 1940, he awoke in the middle of the night with a feeling of burning and dryness in the throat, and . . .
Abstract 496: Isolation and characterization of a highly invasive subpopulation from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Ulrich Pfeffer, Adriana Amaro, Massimiliano Maffei, Valentina Mirisola, Alessia I. Esposito, Simonetta Astigiano, Maurizio Viale, Annalisa Zunino, Walter Giaretti, Giovanna Angelini
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The acquisition of an invasive phenotype is a pre-requisite for metastasis. We set out to develop cellular systems that can mirror transient and stbale molecular alterations that confer an invasive phenotype to breast cancer cells. We observed that it is possible to isolate invasive subpopulations from moderately invasive cancer cell lines. Enrichment of invasive sub-populations of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in three successive preparative invasion assays in Matrigel covered Boyden chambers yielded a highly invasive cell line. Prolonged cultivation of these cells did not abolish the invasive phenotype although not all phenotypic changes acquired during selection are maintained by long term cultures. Genetic analyses of these cells by cytogenetics and array based comparative genome hybridization revealed many genetic alterations including increased ploidy. The flow cytometric DNA Index (DI) changes from 1.28 to 2.28. Cells with DI 2.28 constitute 1.4% of the parental cell line. Whole genome SNP analysis shows that the two populations are genetically related excluding any cell contamination. The invasive cells proliferate and undergo apoptosis similar to the parental cells. Commitment to apoptosis is increased since invasive cells respond more strongly to curcumin or peroxide induced apoptosis. Invasive cells show relative resistance to the cytotoxic, alkylating agent Doxorubicin and increased sensitivity to the anti-mitotic drugs Vincristine and Taxol. Increased resistance to the topoisomerase II inhibitor Mitoxantrone is observed only transiently in invasive cells and lost in long term cultures. Similarly, the chemokines CXCL1 and -2 are transiently upregulated. Response to the anti-diabetic drug Metformin showed a reduced sensibility for invasive cells in terms of growth inhibition (IC50). Gene expression profiling shows complex alterations in gene expression. Many of the genes that are differentially expressed in highly versus moderately invasive cells are differentially expressed in human breast cancer cases with and without distant metastasis and correlate with disease free survival. The invasive phenotype is not related to stem cell features nor to epithelial mesenchymal transition. These cells constitute a novel model for tumor progression. Tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in vivo are currently being tested. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 496. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-496
Allergic Reactions in Healthy Platelet-Pheresis Donors Caused by Sensitization to Ethylene Oxide Gas
Authors: Susan F. Leitman, Howard Boltansky, Harvey J. Alter, Frederick C. Pearson, Michael A. Kaliner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

We observed immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions in 6 of 600 donors who underwent automated plateletpheresis procedures. Ethylene oxide gas, which was used to sterilize plastic components in the disposable apheresis kits, represented a possible source of sensitization. In skin-prick testing, 4 of the 6 donors who had had a hypersensitivity reaction and none of 40 controls who had not had such a reaction had positive tests when an ethylene oxide-human serum albumin reagent was used (P less than 0.001). Radioallergosorbent testing revealed that serum from 4 of the 6 donors who had reactions, but from only 1 of 145 controls, contained IgE antibodies to ethylene oxide-albumin (P less than 0.001). All six of the donors who had reactions had specific ethylene oxide-induced basophil histamine release (mean release [+/- SE], 34.2 +/- 5.6 percent), whereas none of four controls had specific histamine release in response to ethylene oxide (mean release, 5.7 +/- 1.2 percent; P less than 0.005). Repeat plateletpheresis in five of the donors who reacted was accompanied by a recurrence of mild allergic symptoms. These studies demonstrate that sensitization to ethylene oxide gas can occur in healthy plateletpheresis donors and that it may result in immediate hypersensitivity reactions during the donation. The prevalence of such reactions was 1.0 percent in our apheresis donor population.
A novel double-channel therapeutic endoscope (“R-scope”) facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial gastric neoplasms
Authors: J. Yonezawa, M. Kaise, K. Sumiyama, K. Goda, H. Arakawa, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new and radical treatment for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms that provides high rates of en bloc resection compared with treatment by conventional mucosal resection. However, ESD is a complex procedure that is associated with long operating times and a higher complication rate. This feasibility study assessed the use of a novel double-channel therapeutic endoscope for performing en-bloc ESD in order to assess whether the procedure time could be shortened.The therapeutic endoscope we used (the "R-scope") is equipped with a multibending system and has two movable instrument channels: one moves a grasping forceps vertically for lesion countertraction; the other swings a cutting knife horizontally for dissection. Twenty consecutive patients (18 men, 2 women; mean age 63 years, range 54 - 80 years) with superficial gastric neoplasms in the distal two-thirds of the stomach underwent resection of their tumor by ESD using the R-scope. Forty size- and location-matched gastric neoplasms resected by conventional ESD were reviewed retrospectively for the purposes of comparison.The rates of curative en-bloc resection, complications, and local recurrence using the two ESD methods were comparable. The mean +/- SD operating time was significantly shorter for ESD using the R-scope than for conventional ESD (57.9 +/- 29.7 minutes vs. 92.8 +/- 58.9 minutes, P = 0.016).The R-scope appears to shorten the operating time of ESD with comparable efficacy and complication rates.
Effects of partial left ventriculectomy on left ventricular performance in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Zoran Popović, Milutin Mirić, Siniša Gradinac, Aleksandar N Nešković, Ljiljana Jovović, Ljiljana Vuk, Milovan Bojić, Aleksandar D Popović
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Metastasis-associated microtentacles are induced in detached and circulating breast tumor cells by expression of the microtubule-binding protein, Tau.
Authors: M Matrone, R Whipple, E Balzer, E Cho, J Yoon, S Martin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #55 Detached human breast tumor cell lines produce microtentacles composed of a unique kinesin-dependent coordination of vimentin filaments and detyrosinated microtubules. Compelling in vivo studies show that a mechanism consistent with microtentacles is responsible for the attachment of circulating tumor cells to blood vessel walls. However, the molecular regulators of microtentacle extension have only begun to be defined. Increased expression of the microtubule-binding protein, Tau, is associated with poor patient outcome in breast cancer, but the mechanism by which Tau protein affects prognosis remains unclear. We report here that expression of Tau directly regulates the formation of metastasis-associated microtentacles in detached and circulating breast tumor cells. First, increased expression of Tau correlates with increased microtentacle frequency in a panel of human breast tumor cell lines. Endogenous Tau protein colocalizes with tubulin microtentacles in cells detached from extracellular matrix. Exogenous expression of Tau significantly increases microtentacle frequency in weakly invasive breast tumor cell lines. Tau-induced microtentacles are longer, thicker and more rigid than those in cell lines without Tau expression. Although there is increasing interest in targeting the actin cytoskeleton to reduce tumor cell motility and division, our results indicate that breast tumor cells with high Tau expression have particularly dramatic increases in microtentacles when treated with inhibitors of actin polymerization. Likewise, tubulin-stabilizing compounds, like paclitaxel, increase microtentacles and may be ill-advised in patients with high Tau expression. Indeed, clinical studies show that high Tau expression increases the likelihood of recurrence following paclitaxel treatment. We observed an enrichment of Tau in metastatic tumors compared to matched primary tumors. So while stabilizing microtubules and disrupting actin filaments can each decrease tumor cell growth, it is important to consider the effects of these treatments on Tau-expressing cells to avoid accidentally enhancing the metastatic potential of circulating tumor cells while targeting cell division. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 55.
Post–Cardiac Arrest Mortality Is Declining
Authors: Jennifer E. Fugate, Waleed Brinjikji, Jay N. Mandrekar, Harry J. Cloft, Roger D. White, Eelco F.M. Wijdicks, Alejandro A. Rabinstein
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Despite several advances in postresuscitation care over the past decade, population-based mortality rates for patients hospitalized with cardiac arrest in the United States have not been studied over this time period. The aim of this study was to determine the annual in-hospital mortality rates of patients with cardiac arrest from 2001 to 2009.The US mortality rates for hospitalized patients with cardiac arrest were determined using the 2001 to 2009 US National Inpatient Sample, a national hospital discharge database. Using the International Classification of Diseases, 9(th) Edition, code 427.5, we identified patients hospitalized in the United States with cardiac arrest from 2001 to 2009. The main outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. A total of 1 190 860 patients were hospitalized with a diagnosis of cardiac arrest in the United States from 2001 to 2009. The in-hospital mortality rate decreased each year from 69.6% in 2001 to 57.8% in 2009. In multivariable analysis, when controlling for age, sex, race, and comorbidities, earlier year was a strong independent predictor of in-hospital death. The mortality rate declined across all analyzed subgroups, including sex, age, race, and stratification by comorbidity.The in-hospital mortality rate of patients hospitalized with cardiac arrest in the United States decreased by 11.8% from 2001 to 2009.
Mebendazole and hydatid disease.
Authors: A L Macnair
Journal: BMJ (1980)

dence was 1% and 3% in Copenhagen' during 1970-2, 1-4% in London2 in 1977, and <1% in the Helsinki3 area during the period 1972 to 1977, all studies comprising both outpatients and inpatients.At the 1Ith Intemational Congress of Chemotherapy, Boston, in October 1979, P Toivanen and K Dornbusch presented the results of a comparative study of urinary tract pathogens from Stockholm and Turku.In Sweden, where trimethoprim was not used alone, the incidence of resistance during 1977-8 was just under 1 %, unchanged throughout the
Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy for Patients Presenting Physical Symptoms
Authors: Geir Nielsen, Karin Barth, Brit Haver, Odd E. Havik, Ester Mølstad, Henrik Rogge, Marit Skåtun
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Ten outpatients who complained of physical symptoms, without organic pathology, were treated with brief dynamic psychotherapy. Outcome ratings were provided by independent assessors at the end of therapy and 2 years post treatment. Improvement criteria included symptoms, adaptive functioning, and specific internal predispositions. The results showed that most of the patients gained substantially from their therapy experiences. Change did not only occur with regard to psychological difficulties, but also in their particular physical symptoms. Therapy gains at termination were maintained, and had even increased, at follow-up. Clinical improvement was confirmed by psychological test findings. In several patients marked positive change was also observed in their general body response patterns.
MYOCARDIAL SUPEROXIDE AND PEROXYNITRITE GENERATION PREDICT POST-OPERATIVE CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE CABG
Authors: Charalambos A. Antoniades, Michael Demosthenous, Dimitris Tousoulis, Marios Margaritis, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Nikolaos Koumallos, Constantinos Triantafillou, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Keith M. Channon, Barbara Casadei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The difference of hip adductor longus activity between side-foot kicks and instep kicks
Authors: Y Ikeda, M Yoshida, K Sugawara, M Katayose
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Hip adductor longus (AL) strains, which could result in missed playing time for athletes in many sports, are encountered in soccer frequently. Although, two of main kicking techniques in soccer, which are side-foot kicks and instep kicks, might be risk factors of AL strains, AL activity was unknown in each kicking technique. Objective The aim of this study was to compare AL activity of kicking limb between side-foot kicks and instep kicks. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Participants competitive level was collegiate league level. Participants 10 male collegiate soccer players with no history of previous significant lower extremity injury were tested. Interventions Side-foot kicks and instep kicks were recorded in three times for each player. Side-foot kicks approach was 45° and instep kicks approach was straight to the direction of ball movement. Because the approach angle affects pelvic rotation and it will affect adductor muscle activity. Main outcome measurements Video-based 3-dimensional motion analysis and surface electromyography (EMG) of AL in the kicking limb were conducted. The motion analysis data were used for the phase definition of the kicks. In this study, the phase of kicking was defined as the following: first phase was kicking limbs toe-off to ball impact (pre-impact phase) and second phase was to toe velocity inflection (post-impact phase). EMG data was normalised by maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and averaged by the phase time. Results Comparing the pre-impact phase between two type kicks, side-foot kicks demonstrated significantly greater activity than instep kicks (p=0.030). In contrast, during the post-impact phase, instep kicks demonstrated significant greater activity than side-foot kicks (p=0.003). Conclusions AL activities between side-foot kicks and instep kicks were different. Better definition of AL function during kicking provides a basis for improved insight into soccer player performance, injury prevention, and rehabilitation.
The social motivation for social learning
Authors: Mark Nielsen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Through the second year, children's copying behaviour shifts from a focus on emulating to a focus on imitating. This shift can be explained by a change in focus from copying others to satisfy cognitive motivations to copying in order to satisfy social motivations. As elegant and detailed as the shared circuits model (SCM) is, it misses this crucial, motivation-based feature of imitation.
Sex and Alcohol
Authors: David H. Van Thiel, Roger Lester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

For years, the testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, changes in body hair, and vascular abnormalities observed in male alcoholics with Laennec's cirrhosis have been attributed to metabolic imbalance secondary to liver disease.1 This is hardly surprising, since feminization develops in association with various forms of cirrhosis produced by unrelated etiologic agents, with only the factor of advanced liver disease in common.2 Moreover, the liver normally has a central role in estrogen metabolism by converting androgens to estrogens, interconverting weak and potent estrogens, performing estrogen conjugation and detoxification, and excreting sex steroids in bile.3 4 5 6 7 Changes in sex-steroid metabolism might therefore be expected with . . .
TCT-120 Impact of Prior Myocardial Infarction on Outcomes after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Patients Level Pooled Analysis of 18 randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mayank Yadav, Philippe Genereux, Sorin Brener, Mahesh V. Madhavan, Ori Ben-Yehuda, Ke Xu, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
ISOLATION OF THE TYPHOID BACILLUS FROM MILK WHICH CAUSED A TYPHOID OUTBREAK
Authors: WILLIAM ROYAL STOKES
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The isolation of the typhoid bacillus from the milk during a milk-borne outbreak of typhoid fever is mainly of interest from the point of view of the general epidemiology of this disease. These findings merely add corroborative details to the well-established fact that milk at times serves as the medium of conveyance for typhoid to various groups of individuals. The detection of this organism in milk also suggests the adoption of some technical method for the isolation of the typhoid bacillus from this fluid. Such a method, even when perfected, would never be used for the routine examination of market milk. It might, however, be of service in corroborating epidemiologic data in a suspected milk epidemic. It would not be fitting in this paper to refer to the various milk epidemics of typhoid fever which have been recorded, but reference should be made to the rare cases in which the