tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of Occult Abdominal Infection with lndium-111 WBC and Gallium-67 Scintigraphy
Authors: FARIDA AHMED, FREDERICK L. WEILAND, PAUL R. ROSEN, RONALD D. BORCHERT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

AHMED, FARIDA M.B.B.S., D.M.R.D., F.R.C.R.; WEILAND, FREDERICK L. M.D.; ROSEN, PAUL R. M.D.; BORCHERT, RONALD D. M.S. Author Information
Autoantibodies to the ribosomal P proteins react with a plasma membrane-related target on human cells.
Authors: E Koren, M W Reichlin, M Koscec, R D Fugate, M Reichlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Autoantibodies to ribosomal P-proteins are present in 12-16% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and are associated with neuropsychiatric disease. As the ribosomal P proteins are located in the cytoplasm, the pathogenic effects of their cognate autoantibodies are unclear. In this study affinity-purified anti-P autoantibodies were used to explore the cell surface of several types of human and animal cells. Immunofluorescence as well as EM immunogold analysis demonstrated, on the surface of human hepatoma cells, the presence of an epitope that is antigenically related to the immunodominant carboxy terminus of P-proteins. The presence of this epitope was also demonstrated on the surface of human neuroblastoma cells and, to a lesser extent, on human fibroblasts. Furthermore, the Western blot technique revealed in purified human and animal plasma membranes a 38-kD protein that is closely related or identical with ribosomal P0 protein. The availability of reactive P peptide on the surface of cells makes possible the direct effect of autoantibodies on the function and viability of cells that express this antigenic target. This delineates one of the possible impacts of anti-P antibodies in disease expression.
Long-Term maintenance of taurocholate uptake by adult rat hepatocytes co-cultured with a liver epithelial cell line
Authors: Armelle Foliot, Denise Glaise, Serge Erlinger, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Taurocholate (TC) uptake by adult rat hepatocytes co-cultured with other rat liver epithelial cells (RLEC) was studied comparatively to hepatocytes in primary culture. Cells were cultured on Petri dishes for desired times prior to measuring their ability to transport TC. TC uptake was linear for 150 sec in both culture conditions. In hepatocytes cultured alone, the initial rate of TC uptake at an extracellular concentration of 100 μ M was 0.19 ± 0.02 nmole per min per 106 cells after 48 hr of culture and decreased by 75% after 4 to 6 days. In hepatocytes co-cultured with RLEC, the rate of uptake at 48 hr (0.31 ± 0.01 nmole per min per 106 cells) was significantly higher than in hepatocytes cultured alone (p < 0.01); in addition, TC uptake remained stable at an average rate of 0.17 ± 0.01 nmole per min per 106 cells for up to 56 days. No detectable uptake was found in RLEC cultured alone. TC uptake exhibited both saturable (Vmax = 0.30 ± 0.03 nmole per min per 106 cells and Km = 42.6 ± 4.4 μM) and nonsaturable components. These kinetic parameters were similar to those previously reported in isolated hepatocytes and in short-term cultured hepatocytes. TC uptake exhibited sodium dependence and was significantly reduced when extracellular sodium was replaced by lithium and sucrose, or in the presence of 1 mM ouabain. After 18 days of co-culture, TC uptake had qualitatively the same characteristics as at 48 hr, with a saturable and a nonsaturable component. These findings strongly support the view that the sodium-dependent bile acid uptake system present in normal hepatocytes was maintained in the co-culture system as previously reported for other liver-specific functions.
1054 MODERATE AND EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL INTAKE IMPACT TRANSPLANT-FREE SURVIVAL: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN HCV CIRRHOTIC PATIENTS
Authors: P. Deltenre, M. El Nady, M. Corouge, V. Canva, A. Louvet, H. Castel, F. Wartel, S. Dharancy, J. Henrion, P. Mathurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Reactive hyperaemia in the dog heart: evidence for a myogenic contribution
Authors: R. W. GILES, D. E. L. WILCKEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Temporary restriction of arterial inflow after release of eight second coronary artery occlusions greatly reduced reactive hyperaemia but prolonged its duration. Early repayment of the flow debt before restriction did not alter these changes. Despite reduced hyperaemia, there was evidence of subendocardial ischaemia during restriction. Yet occlusions of only one and two cardiac cycles produced marked hyperaemia without evidence of post-release subendocardial ischaemia. All these changes were associated with alterations in peripheral coronary artery pressure consistent with myogenic responses contributing to reactive hyperaemia.
Depression in Medical Students-Reply
Authors: David C. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Merrill and colleagues that personality factors are major determinants of a variety of personal and professional outcomes among medical students and physicians. However, our own findings indicate a more complex state of affairs than the model that they present. There is indeed a cluster of personality attributes, including self-esteem, locus of control, and self-confidence, which predicts subjective well-being in medical students both concurrently and up to 2 years later.<sup>1,2</sup>In our research, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is not the best measure to represent this cluster. Medical students are uniformly high in self-esteem compared with population norms, and 4 years of medical school do little to alter scores on this measure. We have elsewhere observed that those highest in self-esteem could probably profit from a touch of self-doubt or humility.<sup>1</sup>In other words, an absence of depressive symptoms during medical school does not necessarily
Identifying patients at low risk of bowel cancer: Authors' reply
Authors: M R Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—A positive family history, particularly with many affected relatives or an affected relative below the age of 45, does significantly increase the lifetime risk of bowel cancer, and screening should be considered in these patients. Similarly, some patients with longstanding inflammatory bowel disease have a significant increase in risk of bowel cancer.

However, no data show that a positive family history in a patient with low risk symptoms further increases the probability of cancer to an extent where this patient should be treated more urgently on the basis of the two week standard.1-3 Nevertheless, patients presenting to their general practitioners with lower gastrointestinal symptoms and a positive family history need to be managed differently as they are likely to be concerned. It is appropriate for these patients to be referred as described in the article for an urgent appointment in a routine clinic, the “third way” of referral. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease at significant risk of bowel cancer not already under review should be referred on an urgent basis to a specialist clinic.

We emphasise that the risk of cancer is not the only factor determining the speed at which patients should be referred, and for anxious but low risk patients general practitioners should use the third way of referral.
Micturition Syncope
Authors: Carl B. Lyle, John T. Monroe, Don E. Flinn, Lawrence E. Lamb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE occurrence of syncope associated with micturition in healthy males is an event that until recently was not widely recognized in medical circles. Before the article by Proudfit and Forteza1 there were no detailed reports in the literature. Gastaut,2 in discussing a series of 200 cases of nocturnal loss of consciousness, mentioned 40 cases of syncope occurring before, during or after micturition. Treires,3 in 1957, referred to a single case of micturition syncope. In a series of 82 cases of syncope in healthy young males, Dermksian and Lamb4 noted 4 associated with voiding. In a questionnaire, surveying 1980 United States . . .
Chronic Hepatitis E with Cirrhosis in a Kidney-Transplant Recipient
Authors: René Gérolami, Valérie Moal, Philippe Colson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Chronic Hepatitis E with Cirrhosis in a Kidney-Transplant RecipientTo the Editor: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. 1Kamar et al. in this issue of the Journal 2 and others 3,4 have recently suggested that HEV infection might result in chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients.We report a rapidly progressing case of cirrhosis in a renal-transplant recipient with chronic HEV infection.
Variability in Response to Drugs
Authors: M. D. Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Variability in the response to drugs is due to three principal components—the disease, the responsiveness of tissues, and the concentration of the drug at its site of action (as reflected by its plasma concentration). The relative contributions of these components will differ not only for different drugs but also for different effects of the same drug. Rational drug therapy depends on knowledge of all three factors.
Sterilization of Catgut.
Authors: Gaston Torrance
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, Pa., July 5, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some time about the first of this year an article was published on the sterilization of catgut by treating it with formalin. I am not sure that it was published in yourJournal—will you kindly look it up and let me know if I can secure a copy of the magazine containing it, provided you published it? Polyclinic Hospital. <h3>Answer:</h3> SeeJournalof Dec. 12, 1896, p. 1219.
Gene silencing in human aortic smooth muscle cells induced by PEI–siRNA complexes released from dip-coated electrospun poly(ethylene terephthalate) grafts
Authors: Christoph S. Nabzdyk, Maggie C. Chun, Hunter S. Oliver-Allen, Saif G. Pathan, Matthew D. Phaneuf, Jin-Oh You, Leena K. Pradhan-Nabzdyk, Frank W. LoGerfo
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

An excessive tissue response to prosthetic arterial graft material leads to intimal hyperplasia (IH), the leading cause of late graft failure. Seroma and abnormal capsule formation may also occur after prosthetic material implantation. The matricellular protein Thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2) has shown to be upregulated in response to biomaterial implantation. This study evaluates the uptake and release of small interfering RNA (siRNA) from unmodified and surface functionalized electrospun PET graft materials. ePET graft materials were synthesized using electrospinning technology. Subsets of the ePET materials were then chemically modified to create surface functional groups. Unmodified and surface-modified ePET grafts were dip-coated in siRNAs alone or siRNAs complexed with transfection reagents polyethyleneimine (PEI) or Lipofectamine RNAiMax. Further, control and TSP-2 siRNA–PEI complex treated ePET samples were placed onto a confluent layer of human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMCs). Complexation of all siRNAs with PEI led to a significant increase in adsorption to unmodified ePET. TSP-2 siRNA-PEI released from unmodified-ePET silenced TSP-2 in AoSMC. Regardless of the siRNA–PEI complex evaluated, AoSMC migrated into the ePET. siRNA–PEI complexes delivered to AoSMC from dip-coated ePET can result in gene knockdown. This methodology for siRNA delivery may improve the tissue response to vascular and other prosthetics.
The Scap/SREBP Pathway Is Essential for Developing Diabetic Fatty Liver and Carbohydrate-Induced Hypertriglyceridemia in Animals
Authors: Young-Ah Moon, Guosheng Liang, Xuefen Xie, Maria Frank-Kamenetsky, Kevin Fitzgerald, Victor Koteliansky, Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein, Jay D. Horton
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Diagnosis and management of premenstrual disorders
Authors: S. O'Brien, A. Rapkin, L. Dennerstein, T. Nevatte
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Premenstrual disorders have a substantial social, occupational, academic, and psychological effect on the lives of millions of women (from menarche to menopause) and their families.1 Published criteria for diagnosis vary greatly between authoritative bodies, so the true prevalence rates are unknown. A new classification from the International Society for Premenstrual Disorders (ISPMD) will allow this to be resolved.2 It will also enable clinicians to provide accurate diagnosis and effective management.2 Little is known about what causes premenstrual syndromes, and the few treatments that are licensed are ineffective,3 4 5 although treatment can, however, be provided for most women with good effect using unlicensed approaches. In this article, we discuss the classification of premenstrual disorders, how to measure symptoms and diagnose the condition, and effective management strategies. This review is based on evidence from randomised placebo controlled trials where available, recent Cochrane reviews, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists’ evidence based guidelines and published consensus statements and textbooks by internationally recognised experts.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline, PubMed, evidence based specialty guidelines, and Cochrane reviews. In addition, we used the recently published consensus of the International Society for Premenstrual Disorders and a comprehensive textbook by globally recognised experts that reviewed the entire literature on premenstrual …
Reconstitution of bile acid transport in the rat hepatoma McArdle RH- 7777 cell line
Authors: E C Torchia, R J Shapiro, L B Agellon
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The liver recovers bile acids from the portal circulation primarily via an active process that is dependent on sodium ions. Hepatocytes lose the ability to transport bile acids in culture, and, in liver-derived permanent cell lines, this ability is severely reduced or absent. To study the importance of bile acids in regulating liver-specific functions (e.g., cellular bile acid and cholesterol metabolism), we have re-established active bile acid transport in cultured cells. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the rat sodium/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (ntcp) was placed under the control of a cytomegalovirus promoter and transfected into the rat hepatoma cell line, McArdle RH-7777. Transfected cells were screened for the ability to take up [3H]-taurocholate. Clones that displayed the ability to take up taurocholate were expanded (designated McNtcp) and further characterized. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for taurocholate uptake was similar among the different clones. The observed maximum velocity (Vmax), however, differed and was positively correlated with the abundance of recombinant ntcp messenger RNA (mRNA). The highest level of taurocholate uptake activity observed in McNtcp cells was comparable with that of freshly isolated hepatocytes. Efflux of accumulated taurocholate from McNtcp cells proceeded in a manner similar to primary hepatocytes, indicating that McArdle RH-7777 cells have retained the ability to secrete bile acids. Moreover, taurocholate uptake in McNtcp cells was inhibited by other bile acid species. Based on the observed kinetic parameters, the reconstituted McArdle RH-7777 cells mimic the ability of primary hepatocytes to transport bile acids.
Secondary and Tertiary Palliative Care in US Hospitals
Authors: Charles F von Gunten
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Palliative care services provide secondary and tertiary levels of palliative care, the interdisciplinary care of patients in which the goal is comfort and quality of life. Primary palliative care refers to the basic skills and competencies required of all physicians and other health care professionals. Secondary palliative care refers to the specialist clinicians and organizations that provide consultation and specialty care. Tertiary palliative care refers to the academic medical centers where specialist knowledge for the most complex cases is practiced, researched, and taught. The case of Reverend J, a man with advanced cancer admitted to an acute palliative care unit in a teaching hospital, illustrates the use of secondary and tertiary clinical palliative care services in hospitals and health care systems.
Peter Ferry Jones
Authors: G. Youngson, A. Munro, T. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Peter Jones (“Puffy”) was a respected surgeon, author, and teacher.

He was a major contributor to UK surgery. A generation of surgical trainees in Aberdeen in the 1960s, ’70s, and early ’80s was given a first class training by Peter, particularly in managing emergency patients with an acute abdomen. At a time when the aphorism of see one, do one, teach one was commonplace, his willingness to take the assistant’s position at the operating table at any time of day or night, patiently holding a retractor and offering words of guidance and encouragement, was a defining characteristic.

Peter Jones was brought up in London between the two major conflicts of the 20th century and after school studied at Cambridge going on to Barts to study medicine. Qualifying in 1943, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps the following year and was posted overseas to the Middle East. Thereafter he decided on a career in surgery, training at various London hospitals. He spoke often about the quality of his training at the Middlesex and Central Middlesex Hospitals and …
Post-operative Blindness, with Complete Recovery, in a Patient with Sickle-cell Anaemia
Authors: P. Lewin, R. A. Goodell
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL JOURNAL therapy alone, using a combination of a diuretic and a suitable antibiotic.The results of a preliminary trial upon 15 patients have been recorded, and in 11 of these satisfactory progress was obtained.No side-effects have resulted from treatment.For reasons outlined, the regime is thought to over- come some of the problems of the more recognized forms of treatment, and is a particularly useful means by which the busy general practitioner, who is usually without ancillary aid, can be stimulated to become interested in the treatment of leg ulcers.Though, fortuitously perhaps, no further treatment was required in two patients.the regime is to be regarded more as a smooth induction to subsequent " traditional" therapy than as an alternative.I would like to thank Dr.
New gallery celebrates life and work of Britain's first woman doctor
Authors: D. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The gynaecologist Wendy Savage was driving down London’s Euston Road in 1992 when she spotted protestors fighting to save the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital. Founded in 1890 by the East End pawnbroker’s daughter who became Britain’s first woman to gain a medical qualification, the hospital treated only women and children until its closure in 2000, when services were transferred to the nearby University College Hospital.

Professor Savage founded the “EGA for women” campaign. Its achievements include getting the Queen Anne-style building listed and, to …
Inhaled bronchodilators reduce dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: M J Belman, W C Botnick, J W Shin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) is a major pathophysiologic consequence of airflow limitation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and an important contributing factor to breathlessness. In this study we aimed to examine the effect of inhaled beta agonist therapy on DH during exercise in these patients and the relationship between changes in DH and breathlessness. In 13 COPD patients (mean age 65.1 +/- 2.0, FEV1 1.20 +/- 0.17, FEV1/FVC 40 +/- 3) we measured pulmonary function tests, exercise breathlessness by Borg score, and exercise flow volume and pressure volume loops on two separate days. Prior to testing, patients randomly received inhaled placebo or albuterol on the first test day and the alternative medication on the second test day. From measurements of exercise inspiratory capacity (IC), we calculated the end-expiratory and end-inspiratory lung volumes (EELV, EILV). We used esophageal pressure recordings to measure peak inspiratory esophageal pressure (Pesins) during exercise and this was related to the maximal capacity for pressure generation taking into account lung volume and airflow changes (Pcapi). Bronchodilator caused significant increase in both FEV1 and FVC (+0.23 and +0.51, p<0.01). Comparisons of breathlessness, exercise volumes, and pressures were made at the highest equivalent work load. There was a significant reduction in the peak exercise EELV/TLC (80 +/- 0.02% to 76 +/- 0.02%, p<0.05) while the peak EILV/TLC decreased by 2% (97 +/- 1% to 95 +/- 1%, p<0.05). The peak Pesins/Pcapi decreased (0.79 +/- 0.10 to 0.57 +/- 0.05, p<0.05), and the Pcapi - Pesins increased (7.4 +/- 3 to 13.0 +/- 3 cm H2O, p<0.05). There was significant improvement in neuroventilatory coupling for volume change (Pesins/Pcapi/VT/TLC 5.45 +/- 0.5 to 3.25 +/- 1.0, p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in breathlessness as measured by Borg score (4.5 +/- 0.7 to 3.1 +/- 0.5, p<0.05) and there was a significant correlation between delta Borg and delta EILV/TLC (r=0.771, p<0.01) with a trend for Pesins/Pcapi/VT/TLC (r=0.544, p=0.067). There was also a significant correlation between delta EELV/TLC and delta Pesins/Pcapi/VT/TLC (r=0.772, p<0.01). The relationships between delta Borg, delta resting volumes, and flow rates were not significant. We conclude that in patients with COPD, inhaled bronchodilator reduces exercise DH and improves inspiratory pressure reserve and neuroventilatory coupling. Changes in DH and neuroventilatory coupling were the main determinants of reduced breathlessness.
Summary of a Workshop on the Development of Health Models and Scenarios: Strategies for the Future
Authors: Kristie L. Ebi, Janet L. Gamble
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

A workshop was convened in July 2003 by the Global Change Research Program, Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to review current strategies for developing human health models and scenarios in the context of global environmental change, particularly global climate change, and to outline a research agenda that effectively characterizes the interplay of global change with the health of human populations. The research agenda developed at the workshop focused on three issues: a) the development of health models, b) the development of health scenarios, and c) the use of health models and health scenarios to inform policy. The agenda identified research gaps as well as barriers to the development and use of models and scenarios. This report summarizes the workshop findings.
Four out of five Welsh health authorities in deficit
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Health authorities and trusts in Wales have been told they must put their finances in order. The Welsh health minister, Jon Owen Jones, has warned them that his officials are closely monitoring the situation in the wake of an audit on the financial health of trusts and authorities in the principality.

“I take this audit report extremely seriously, and while the responsibility for running …