tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Semaphorin3A, Neuropilin-1, and PlexinA1 Are Required for Lymphatic Valve Formation
Authors: Karine Bouvrée, Isabelle Brunet, Raquel del Toro, Emma Gordon, Claudia Prahst, Brunella Cristofaro, Thomas Mathivet, Yunling Xu, Jihane Soueid, Vitor Fortuna, Nayoki Miura, Marie-Stéphane Aigrot, Charlotte H. Maden, Christiana Ruhrberg, Jean Léon Thomas, Anne Eichmann
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: The lymphatic vasculature plays a major role in fluid homeostasis, absorption of dietary lipids, and immune surveillance. Fluid transport depends on the presence of intraluminal valves within lymphatic collectors. Defective formation of lymphatic valves leads to lymphedema, a progressive and debilitating condition for which curative treatments are currently unavailable. How lymphatic valve formation is regulated remains largely unknown. Objective: We investigated if the repulsive axon guidance molecule Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) plays a role in lymphatic valve formation. Methods and Results: We show that Sema3A mRNA is expressed in lymphatic vessels and that Sema3A protein binds to lymphatic valves expressing the Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and PlexinA1 receptors. Using mouse knockout models, we show that Sema3A is selectively required for lymphatic valve formation, via interaction with Nrp1 and PlexinA1. Sema3a −/− mice exhibit defects in lymphatic valve formation, which are not due to abnormal lymphatic patterning or sprouting, and mice carrying a mutation in the Sema3A binding site of Nrp1, or deficient for Plxna1, develop lymphatic valve defects similar to those seen in Sema3a −/− mice. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate an essential direct function of Sema3A-Nrp1-PlexinA1 signaling in lymphatic valve formation.
Abstract 5931: Fractal Dimension: A Novel Method of Quantifying Vascular Structural Changes in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Shahin Moledina, Annemijn de Bruyn, Silvia Schievano, Sheila G Haworth, Ingram Schulze-Neick, Andrew M Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction - The pulmonary arterial tree is fractal, as it is morphologically self-similar at different scales. Fractal dimension can therefore be used to quantify arterial branching, lower value...
The first world's role in the third world brain drain
Authors: L. F Levy
Journal: BMJ (2003)

We in the third world are rarely willing to admit to our “third worldliness.” We aspire to first world standards, and the things we want more than anything else are hotels of international standard, a well reputed university, and, in particular, good medical and nursing schools. We are greatly gratified by the recognition of our graduates as being of international standard—“Our doctors and nurses are as good as any others”—but there are difficulties with this. As soon as a country produces graduates of an acceptable international standard then it is “fishing in the same pond” as first world countries for their services. It is inevitable that doctors and nurses will be attracted to countries where salaries or working conditions are seen as better.

The situation becomes aggravated when …
LICHEN PLANUS OF THE MOUTH ALONE
Authors: DOUGLAS S. W. MONTGOMERY, GEOEGE D. CULVER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article LICHEN PLANUS OF THE MOUTH ALONE Get access DOUGLAS S. W. MONTGOMERY, M.D., DOUGLAS S. W. MONTGOMERY, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar GEOEGE D. CULVER, M.D GEOEGE D. CULVER, M.D Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 2, 1 February 1929, Pages 45–50, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09310.x Published: 01 February 1929
Expression of a tumor necrosis factor alpha transgene in murine pancreatic beta cells results in severe and permanent insulitis without evolution towards diabetes.
Authors: Y Higuchi, P Herrera, P Muniesa, J Huarte, D Belin, P Ohashi, P Aichele, L Orci, J D Vassalli, P Vassalli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Mice bearing a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha transgene controlled by an insulin promoter developed an increasingly severe lymphocytic insulitis, apparently resulting from the induction of endothelial changes with features similar to those observed in other places of intense lymphocytic traffic. This was accompanied by dissociation of the endocrine tissue (without marked decrease in its total mass), islet fibrosis, and the development of intraislet ductules containing, by places, beta cells in their walls, suggesting a regenerative capacity. Islet disorganization and fibrosis did not result from lymphocytic infiltration, since they were also observed in SCID mice bearing the transgene. Diabetes never developed, even though a number of potentially inducing conditions were used, including the prolonged perfusion of interferon gamma and the permanent expression of a nontolerogenic viral protein on beta cells (obtained by using mice bearing two transgenes). It is concluded that (a) a slow process of TNF release in pancreatic islets induces insulitis, and may be instrumental in the insulitis resulting from local cell-mediated immune reactions, but (b) that insulitis per se is not diabetogenic, lymphocyte stimulation by cells other than beta cells being necessary to trigger extensive beta cell damage. This provides an explanation for the discrepancy between the occurrence of insulitis and that of clinical disease in autoimmune diabetes.
The t(1;3) breakpoint-spanning genes LSAMP and NORE1 are involved in clear cell renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Jindong Chen, Weng-Onn Lui, Michele D. Vos, Geoffrey J. Clark, Masayuki Takahashi, Jacqueline Schoumans, Sok Kean Khoo, David Petillo, Todd Lavery, Jun Sugimura, Dewi Astuti, Chun Zhang, Susumu Kagawa, Eamonn R. Maher, Catharina Larsson, Arthur S. Alberts, Hiro-omi Kanayama, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Cancer Cell (2003)
Stimulation of murine biliary cholesterol secretion by thyroid hormone is dependent on a functional ABCG5/G8 complex
Authors: Ylva Bonde, Torsten Plösch, Folkert Kuipers, Bo Angelin, Mats Rudling
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Secretion of cholesterol into bile is important for the elimination of cholesterol from the body. Thyroid hormone (TH) increases biliary cholesterol secretion and hepatic gene expression of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 5 (ABCG5) and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 8 (ABCG8), two half-transporters that act as a heterodimeric complex promoting sterol secretion. In addition, nuclear liver x receptor-alpha (LXRa), also regulated by TH, induces gene expression of ABCG5/G8. We here investigated if the TH-induced stimulation of biliary cholesterol secretion is mediated by the ABCG5/G8 complex in vivo, and if so, whether LXRa is involved. Mice homozygous for disruption of Abcg5 (Abcg5(-/-) ) or Lxra (Lxra(-/-) ) and their wild-type counterparts were treated with triiodothyronine (T3) for 14 days and compared to untreated mice of corresponding genetic backgrounds. Bile was collected by gallbladder cannulation, and liver samples were analyzed for gene expression levels. Basal biliary cholesterol secretion in Abcg5(-/-) mice was 72% lower than in Abcg5(+/+) mice. T3 treatment increased cholesterol secretion 3.1-fold in Abcg5(+/+) mice, whereas this response was severely blunted in Abcg5(-/-) mice. In contrast, biliary cholesterol secretion in T3-treated Lxra(+/+) and Lxra(-/-) mice was increased 3.5- and 2.6-fold, respectively, and did not differ significantly.TH-induced secretion of cholesterol into bile is largely dependent on an intact ABCG5/G8 transporter complex, whereas LXRa is not critical for this effect.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety Of Pathogen Inactivated (Amotosalen-UVA) and Conventional Plasma For Treatment Of Auto-Immmune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP): A 15-Year Retrospective Review
Authors: Raoul Herbrecht, Mario Ojeda-Uribe, Daniel Kientz, Alain Bohbot, Olivier Hinschberger, Cecile Fohrer, Kun-Lun Liu, Emilie Remy, Christine Ernst, Laurence Corash, Jean-Pierre Cazenave
Journal: Blood (2013)
Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid‐binding isoquinoline alkaloids: Binding aspects and implications for drug design
Authors: Kakali Bhadra, Gopinatha Suresh Kumar
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2010)

Isoquinoline alkaloids represent a group of natural products with remarkable importance in the contemporary biomedical research and drug discovery programs. Several members of this group exhibit immense pharmacological and biological properties, including potential anticancer properties. Although the molecular targets of these alkaloids are not yet clearly delineated, extensive research in this area continues to build up new data that are clinically exploitable. The gross structural features of many of the members DNA interaction are more or less clear, but the mystery still remains on many aspects of their binding, including specificity and energetics. RNA-binding aspects of these alkaloids are being elucidated. More recent advancements in analytical instrumentation have enabled clearer elucidation and correlation of the structural and energetic aspects of the interaction. In this review, we report up-to-date details of the interaction of berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine of the protoberberine group, sanguinarine from the benzophananthridine group, and several of their synthetic derivatives, such as coralyne, berberrubine, palmatrubine, and jatrorubin with nucleic acids have been reviewed. These studies, taken together up to now, have led to interesting knowledge on the mode, mechanism, specificity of binding, and correlation between structural aspects and energetics enabling a complete set of guidelines for design of new drugs. In contemporary research, several derivatives of these natural alkaloids are being prepared and investigated in several laboratories for ultimate discovery of new compounds that can be used as effective therapeutic agents.
The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight Against AIDS
Authors: Edward C. Green
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of cyclosporine and steroids on canine bile flow
Authors: John J. Brems, Jeffery Reese, Robert Kane, Donald L. Kaminski
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Cyclosporine and hydrocortisone are the main immunosuppressants used in transplant surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous administration of cyclosporine and hydrocortisone on bile flow in dogs. Cyclosporine in doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg.kg-1.hr-1 were administered along with 18 mumol/min intravenous sodium taurocholate to dogs with chronic biliary and gastric fistulas. Bile volume and bile chloride concentration and output were increased by cyclosporine in a dose-related manner, whereas bile salt concentration decreased and bile salt output was unchanged. Hydrocortisone produced small but significant increases in bile flow only at the highest dose of hydrocortisone administered. Subsequently, experiments were performed when sodium taurocholate was administered in progressively increasing doses (9, 18 and 36 mumol/min), with the dose changed every hour. Bile volume, [14C]erythritol clearance in bile and bile salt concentrations were measured with and without cyclosporine and hydrocortisone administration. Cyclosporine increased the bile salt-independent fraction of canalicular bile flow and ductular bile flow. Experiments evaluating the role of the cyclosporine carrier polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) demonstrated that this substance had no independent choleretic activity, whereas cyclosporine dissolved in ethanol and administered without Cremophor EL significantly increased bile flow. The results of this study indicate that cyclosporine stimulates chloride-rich choleresis independent of bile salt secretion.
Acute circulatory support. Noradrenaline may preserve renal function.
Authors: W D Plant, A D Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1993)

will feel obliged to participate in consultations during which the presence of the camcorder will promote inhibitions and unease.Doctors might become desensitised to video recorders in the surgery, but patients, for whom the consultation is an intensely personal experi-ence, cannot be expected to be indifferent.Trainers who have taken comfort from the concept of informed consent should be concerned that about half of the respondents in this study would feel under pressure to agree to participate in recorded con- sultations, and also by a recent study in which 69% of patients admitted to not reading their consent form before signing it.2We submit that videotaping of live consultations is unacceptably intrusive and an abuse of the doctor-patient relationship.We recommend that this mode of assessing trainees should be stopped so that patients are not compromised and to prevent damage to the profession's reputation.
A Rabid Dog Bites Seventeen Persons.
Authors: Baldwin B. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Mount Vernon, Ohio, Dec. 15, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —We have had an experience here for a few days past with what was supposed to be a rabid dog and the victims of his work (eleven in number) are now at a Pasteur institute in your city, conducted by Dr. Lagorio (if I remember rightly). The so-called rabid dog was sent after the killing to Dr. Probst, Secretary of the State Board of Health, and a presumptional diagnosis of rabies was made, and also inoculations have been instituted upon some guinea pigs and rabbits, for the purpose of making a conclusive diagnosis. The dog attacked seventeen persons (from about 6 P.M., to 10 P.M., when he was finally killed); eleven of whom had the flesh broken to a greater or less degree. The scare here has not abated and the destruction of canines is progressing steadily. Feeling that the subject
Explaining negative results
Authors: Douglas Kamerow
Journal: BMJ (2007)

This week's BMJ contains research that goes contrary to expectation, which raises all sorts of questions. Richard Holland and colleagues studied the effectiveness of sending pharmacists to visit heart failure patients in their homes (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39164.568183.AE). These pharmacists, called community pharmacists in the UK, had been specially trained to deal with patients about therapeutics and were knowledgeable about drug side effects and adherence problems. They made two visits to each …
New EU Regulations in Endoscopy
Authors: M. Wächter, T. Diekjobst
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

As a result of European unification, new regulations valid within the territory of the European Union (EU) have been negotiated and published. As in other medical fields, the Medical Device Directive (MDD) is the most important new regulation and also effects endoscopy. In a transition period until June 1998, the MDD will be transposed into national law by the member states of the EU. Compliance with the MDD and other European regulations is indicated by the CE mark affixed to the product.
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and the reduction of oxidized glutathione in human erythrocytes
Authors: Egmond E. Rieber, Nechama S. Kosower, Ernst R. Jaffé
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The ability of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), generated through the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, to support the reduction of endogenous oxidized glutathione in intact human erythrocytes and in hemolysates was investigated. Rapid initial oxidation of endogenous reduced glutathione was effected with methyl phenylazoformate. Freshly obtained normal erythrocytes and erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were unable to regenerate reduced glutathione upon incubation with lactate. Only normal erythrocytes were capable of reducing oxidized glutathione after preincubation with glucose, inosine, or a medium which promoted the synthesis of increased amounts of intracellular NAD. This regeneration of reduced glutathione could be explained by the generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate through the metabolism of accumulated phosphorylated intermediates of glycolysis. Hemolysates prepared from both normal erythrocytes and from erythrocytes deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were able to reduce oxidized glutathione in the presence of added lactate and NAD. The results obtained indicated either an inability of the intact erythrocyte to utilize the NAD at the concentrations attained or an altered behavior of the system for the regeneration of reduced glutathione after lysis of the cell.
Preventing local complications of depot neuroleptics
Authors: C. Muldoon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Justin Hay's short report on complications at the site of injection of depot neuroleptics raises an important issue affecting those patients who require maintenance treatment with such formulations.1 His conclusion that patients who have developed such complications should avoid certain formulations, including zuclopenthixol concentrate, is not borne out by our experience, both in clinical trials and from spontaneous reports of adverse reactions to the company. Certain aspects of Hay's study may go some way towards …
Myths of MTAS and MMC
Authors: J. D Rohrer, J. Kennedy, W. D Knight
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

Myths of MTAS and MMCAs we move ever closer to the start of August, there remains no sign that the MTAS (Medical Training Application Service) debacle will end.In the months since this sorry episode began, doctors have been united in a way never seen before, 1 and the common goals of those professionals who have invested so much of themselves in the NHS are becoming clearer: a fair, validated and transparent application process for all doctors; an expansion of training numbers combined with rational workforce planning; the preservation of those aspects of training which have made British medicine so respected; and, above all, the best possible care for the people who seek help from their doctor.Despite the apologies and the high-level resignations, 2-4 the government persists in its efforts to keep the sinking MTAS ship afloat.The Department of Health, its attention focused as ever upon public perception, continues to fight its corner through spin and sound-bite.This makes it important that doctors communicate with the public in a manner that cuts through government rhetoric, to explain how part of the huge financial investment in the NHS is being squandered.In particular, the myth that MTAS is merely a hiccup in an otherwise well thought-out, sensible program of reform-MMC (Modernising Medical Careers)-cannot go unchallenged.With this in mind, we present some of the more prominent myths that continue to abound regarding MTAS and MMC.
Relationship between radiographic joint space narrowing, sonographic cartilage thickness and anatomy in rheumatoid arthritis and control joints
Authors: P Mandl, G Supp, G Baksa, H Radner, P Studenic, J Gyebnar, R Kurucz, D Niedermayer, D Aletaha, P V Balint, J S Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objective</h3> To validate ultrasound (US) for measuring metacarpal cartilage thickness (MCT), by comparing it with anatomical measurement using cadaver specimens. To correlate US MCT with radiographic joint space narrowing (JSN) or width (JSW) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). <h3>Methods</h3> Bilateral metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of 35 consecutive outpatients, with recent hand X-rays, were included in the analysis. Metacarpal and phalangeal cartilage of MCP 2–5 was assessed bilaterally by US. JSW and JSN were evaluated on X-rays by the van der Heijde modified Sharp method (vdHS). In addition, cadaver specimens of MCP 2–5 joints (n=19) were evaluated by anatomical measurement and US. <h3>Results</h3> The agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient) between sonographic and anatomical MCT on cadaver specimens of MCP joints was 0.61. MCT of individual MCP joints correlated with individual MCP JSN (r=−0.32, p&lt;0.001) and individual MCP JSW (r=0.72, p&lt;0.001). No correlation was found between phalangeal cartilage thickness and JSN in individual MCP joints. The US MCT summary score for MCP joints 2–5 correlated with summary scores for JSW (r=0.78, p&lt;0.001), JSN (r=−0.5, p&lt;0.001), erosion score of the vdHS (r=−0.39, p&lt;0.001) and total vdHS (r=−0.47, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Sonographic cartilage assessment in MCPs is closely related to anatomical cartilage thickness. Both JSW and JSN by radiography represent cartilage thickness in the MCP joints of patients with RA quite well. Thus, US is a valid tool for measuring MCT if radiographs are not available or in case of joint malalignment.
THE EFFECT OF SEVERITY OF STRESS DEFECT ON ACCURACY OF THALLIUM-201 SCINTIGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: A Becerra, J Maddahi, M Steuer, A Rozanski, A Waxman, D Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Becerra, A; Maddahi, J; Steuer, M; Rozanski, A; Waxman, A; Berman, D Author Information
An agitated man with earache
Authors: M. C. Brouwer, D. van de Beek
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 39 year old man presented to his general practitioner with a one day history of earache and discharge of bloody pus from his right ear. He reported having a cold during the week before the earache started. The doctor diagnosed him with acute otitis and prescribed amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Overnight the patient developed headache, nausea, and vomiting and was referred to the emergency department of our hospital.

In the emergency department he was systemically unwell with a blood pressure of 90/55 mm Hg, temperature of 39.5oC, and pulse rate of 100 beats/min. He had an altered mental status with agitated behaviour and he did not obey commands. He opened his eyes in response to voices, localised painful stimuli, and uttered inappropriate words. Physical examination showed neck stiffness without other neurological deficits.

Laboratory results on admission showed a white cell count of 20.1×109/l, platelets 194×109/l, C reactive protein 252 mg/l, and serum glucose of 6.9 mmol/l. His arterial blood gas on 5 l of oxygen via a nasal cannula showed pH 7.45, partial pressure of oxygen 8.6, partial pressure of carbon dioxide 4.5, base excess −0.6, and standard bicarbonate 22.8. A chest radiograph was normal. The patient’s medical history was unremarkable.



### 1 What is the most likely diagnosis?

#### Short answer

The most likely diagnosis is bacterial meningitis.

#### Long answer

The classic triad of symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis are fever, altered mental status, and neck stiffness, which were all present in our patient. This classic triad cannot be used to prove or exclude bacterial meningitis because it is absent in 56% of adults …