tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Antiseptic After-Treatment of Vaccination
Authors: J. Bark
Journal: BMJ (1890)

favourable inluene initiatn collasteral circulation before actual deHigaon was done-an inference which the total absence of oedema, together with the very trifling amount of pain orincon- venience eperienced after ligature, seemed to justify.Cloure of the wound by first intention and the total disappear- ance of ligature and sutures may also be worthy of note.tI
Medical Management of the Surgical Patient
Authors: Joseph P. Frolkis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

At many teaching hospitals, the task of providing consultations on nonmedical patients has been assumed by academic divisions of general or primary care medicine. Incorporated as a faculty-attended rotation for medical residents, the consultation service seeks to prepare house officers to perform what is—for many practicing internists—a key professional role. While much of the literature on medical consultation has addressed what might be called the "logistics" of the process—how to organize a consultant's note, what kind of advice tends to be followed by the requesting service and what ignored, how to communicate with the physicians who have asked for your aid, etc—physicians have paid inadequate attention, in my opinion, to the political and professional uncertainties of the role of generalist-as-consultant. For example, in the historical gap between the demise of the academic generalist as "senior diagnostician" and the rise of modern divisions of primary care/ general medicine, many surgeons, gynecologists,
Urine Isn't Everything
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inhaled Nitric Oxide Reduces Lung Fluid Filtration after Endotoxin in Awake Sheep
Authors: LARS J. BJERTNAES, TOMONOBU KOIZUMI, JOHN H. NEWMAN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We studied the effect on lung fluid filtration of 37.6 ppm inhaled nitric oxide (NO) imposed for 1 h 2.5 h after endotoxin in seven awake sheep, with seven control subjects. The effects of NO on the longitudinal distribution of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) before and after endotoxin were specifically addressed in six sheep. Following endotoxin, sheep developed respiratory distress; PaO2 , the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (aaPo 2) and venous admixture (Q˙ s/Q˙ t) changed significantly, as did the pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), PVR, and lung lymph flow (Q˙ l). Inhaled NO reduced Ppa and PVR by 50%; Q˙ l decreased from 7.8 ± 0.34 ml/15 min to 4.7 ± 0.80 ml/15 min (mean ± SEM), and lymph protein clearance from 4.9 ± 0.18 ml/15 min to 3.6 ± 0.75 ml/15 min. Lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P) increased from 0.63 ± 0.016 to 0.72 ± 0.006, concomitant with the decrease in Q˙ l. The L/P − Q˙ l relationships shifted from left, at baseline, to the right during endotoxemia, as did the permeability surface product (PS) isolines. The rightward shift was significantly less in the NO group. Inhaled NO significantly improved PaO2 , aaPo 2, and Q˙ s/Q˙ t, reduced the increase in pulmonary microwedge pressure back to baseline and decreased upstream and downstream PVR at 3.0 through 4.0 h. We conclude that, in sheep, inhaled NO reduces lung fluid filtration by decreasing microvascular pressure and apparently also by declining the enhanced microvascular permeability during the late phase of endotoxemia.
Abstract 3585: Second primary tumors after breast cancer: Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
Authors: Fulvio Ricceri, Carlotta Sacerdote, Rossana Critelli, Paolo Vineis, Elio Riboli
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract During the last decades, improvements in medical and surgical treatments have substantially increased the chances of surviving from a cancer. Cancer survivors now amount to more than 3.5% of population in the US, and about 3% in Western Europe. Cancer survivors face the problem of subsequent cancers possibly related to the late effects of treatments or to a common aetiology for the first and subsequent cancers. Cancer patients have a 20% higher risk of new primary cancer compared with the general population. Approximately one third of cancer survivors aged &amp;gt;60 years were diagnosed more than once with another cancer. Women with breast cancer as first primary cancer were the first largest group of multiple cancer prevalence reported in the United States in 2002, while the second and third groups were men and women with a diagnosis of primary colorectal cancer and men with prostate cancer, respectively. Multiple cancers arise in the same individual due to several causes: host factors, such as hormonal and/or genetic factors, lifestyle and environment, and treatments due to the first cancer (for example, radiotherapy) The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of second primary tumors in a cohort of women with a first breast cancer and to investigate the role of shared risk factors. The study was performed in the cohort of women with a primary breast cancer from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. To correctly assess the incidence of second primary tumors, we applied a Markov model studying the transition intensities from first to second tumor with the Aalen-Johansen (AJ) estimators, as usually done in competing risk models. In the cohort of 11045 women, we observed 492 second primary tumors (not metachronous) after a median follow-up of 4.92 years. About 30% (140) of them were second primary breast cancers, 65 were colorectal cancers and 39 were endometrial cancers. In this cohort, there was a slight, not statistically significant increase of cancer incidence in women with breast cancer, compared to the general population; this was for all tumors together, except non-melanoma skin cancers. Analysis by subgroups identified a significant increase for second breast cancers and for endometrial cancers. Our findings suggest that second primaries may be an important problem for cancer survivors. We will now investigate the role played by lifestyle factors, genetics and possibly therapies in second primary occurrence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3585. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3585
The nexin-dynein regulatory complex subunit DRC1 is essential for motile cilia function in algae and humans
Authors: Maureen Wirschell, Heike Olbrich, Claudius Werner, Douglas Tritschler, Raqual Bower, Winfield S Sale, Niki T Loges, Petra Pennekamp, Sven Lindberg, Unne Stenram, Birgitta Carlén, Elisabeth Horak, Gabriele Köhler, Peter Nürnberg, Gudrun Nürnberg, Mary E Porter, Heymut Omran
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Inverse correlation between cerebral blood flow measured by continuous arterial spin-labeling (CASL) MRI and neurocognitive function in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA)
Authors: John J. Strouse, Christiane S. Cox, Elias R. Melhem, Hanzhang Lu, Michael A. Kraut, Alexander Razumovsky, Kaleb Yohay, Peter C. van Zijl, James F. Casella
Journal: Blood (2006)
Abstract 5189: RNA editing in rhoq promotes invasion potential in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hwang-Phill Kim, Sae-Won Han, Kyung-Hun Lee, Kyu Joo Park, Jeong-Sun Seo, Jong-Il Kim, Tae-You Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract RNA editing can increase RNA sequence variation without alteration of DNA sequence. By comparing whole genome and transcriptome sequence data of a rectal cancer, we have found a novel tumor specific RNA editing in RHOQ. The A-to-I editing results in substitution of sparagine with serine at residue 136. We observed higher level of the RHOQ RNA editing in tumor compared with normal tissue in colorectal cancer. The degree of RNA editing was associated with RhoQ activity in colorectal cancer cell lines. RhoQ N136S amino acid substitution increased RhoQ activity, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and invasion potential. KRAS mutation further increased the invasion potential of RhoQ N136S in vitro. Among colorectal cancer patients, recurrence was more frequently observed in patients with tumors having edited RHOQ and mutant KRAS. Collectively, we show that RNA editing is another mechanism of sequence alteration contributing to colorectal cancer progression. Citation Format: Hwang-Phill Kim, Sae-Won Han, Kyung-Hun Lee, Kyu Joo Park, Jeong-Sun Seo, Jong-Il Kim, Tae-You Kim. RNA editing in rhoq promotes invasion potential in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5189. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5189
Protein Binding and Vascular Activity of Diazoxide
Authors: Edward M. Sellers, Jan Koch-Weser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Diazoxide is a potent arteriolar dilator effective in severe hypertension. Its pharmacokinetics show three unusual features. To achieve maximal hypotensive action the drug must be injected rapidly intravenously. The plasma half-life (26 hours) greatly exceeds the duration of its vascular activity (four to eight hours). Plasma levels of diazoxide do not correlate with the intensity of its hypotensive action. Diazoxide is bound at one major binding site on human albumin. The association constant for this site is 1.7 × 104 liters per mole at 37°C. At usual therapeutic concentrations diazoxide is approximately 90 per cent bound to human plasma proteins; this binding is responsible for its long half-life. Repeated administration for a sustained hypotensive effect causes rapid cumulation of bound, inactive diazoxide. If certain assumptions are made about the response of the arteriolar muscle receptor, the high degree of protein binding can also account for the dependence of this response on the rate of injection.
New Mechanism of Vitamin Deprivation
Authors: A. C. Frazer
Journal: BMJ (1949)

Dr. Pugh then discussed the effect of cold on tissue tempera- ture and blood flow.He showed that within 20 minutes of immersing the forearm in water at 170 C. the deep muscles cooled from 35°to less than 250 C., and the forearm blood flow fell from 34 ml.per 100 g. tissue per minute to less than I ml.per 100 g. tissue per minute, in fact a mere trickle.He showed that the blood flow was not significantly increased by a sympathetic nerve block, and said that it was fairly well established that the blood vessels were directly sensitive to cold and constricted independently of impulses from the autonomic nervous system.The significance of this kind of work for rheumatology depended on the fact that the structures affected in rheumatic diseases were relatively superficial and therefore subject to the direct influence of changing environmental temperature.There followed a number of clinical demonstrations.Dr. E. G. L. BYWATERS and other members of the staff of the Postgraduate Medical School of London showed a case of arthritis mutilans, a case of chronic post-rheumatic joint deformity of the type described by Jaccoud in 1867, and a case of parathyroid adenoma.Dr. E. DRESNER demonstrated a case of myeloid leukaemia associated with gout.Dr. L. G. C. PUGH discussed a case of Sjogren's syndrome in an elderly woman with rheumatoid arthritis, and showed with Dr. WILD a case of rheumatoid arthritis treated with ACTH.The remark- able subjective improvement in this patient on the third day of treatment was described.Methods by which it was hoped to secure evidence of the potency of the preparation and of its effects upon joint physiology and biochemistry were outlined, and a brief account was given of the general plan of the therapeutic trial.Correspondence R.M.B.F.Christmas Gifts-A Reminder SIR,-I beg to remind your readers of the President's Christmnas appeal (November 5, p. 1044
MDA-MB-435 and M14 Cell Lines: Identical but not M14 Melanoma?
Authors: Ann F. Chambers
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract A controversy has arisen over the past several years about the true origin of the human MDA-MB-435 cell line. Originally described as a human breast cancer cell line, subsequent expression array studies instead suggested a gene expression profile consistent with a melanoma origin. Subsequent karyotype and comparative genomic hybridization studies supported the idea that current stocks of both MDA-MB-435 cells and M14 melanoma cells must be identical cell lines, and the conclusion was drawn that both cell lines were in fact M14 melanoma cells. However, an alternate conclusion based on these data is that both cell lines are indeed identical, but are in fact MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells. There is evidence that many cell lines can display “lineage infidelity” and that assignment to tissue type is unreliably made based on expression patterns. Evidence from the literature is presented here that is inconsistent with both lines being of M14 melanoma origin, but rather is consistent with both cell lines being of MDA-MB-435 breast cancer origin. [Cancer Res 2009;69(13):5292–3]
Evidence for a role of oxygen derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of caerulein induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Authors: J Wisner, D Green, L Ferrell, I Renner
Journal: Gut (1988)

The effects of a polyethylene glycol linked oxygen free radical scavenger enzyme, superoxide dismutase (PEG:SOD) on caerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in rats were examined. Pancreas weights and serum amylase concentrations in rats given a three hour continuous intravenous infusion of caerulein (7.5 micrograms/kg/h, n = 18) for induction of AP followed by a three hour infusion of normal saline were significantly raised by approximately 25% (p less than 0.005) and 750% (p less than 0.001), respectively, compared with values obtained in control rats (n = 7) infused for six hours with normal saline alone. A single intraperitoneal injection of either 1 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 6), 2 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5), or 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 5) of PEG:SOD immediately before caerulein infusion did not significantly alter pancreas weights, serum amylase content, or pancreatic histopathology compared with rats given caerulein alone. By contrast, a single intravenous bolus injection of 4 X 10(4) U/kg (n = 9) of PEG:SOD before caerulein treatment significantly reduced serum amylase content by approximately 25% (p less than 0.05) and a continuous six hour intravenous infusion of 4 X 10(4) U/kg/h of PEG:SOD (n = 5) produced significant reductions of approximately 25% (p less than 0.001), 35% (p less than 0.05), and 50% (p less than 0.01) in pancreas weights, serum amylase concentrations, and acinar cell vacuolisation (p less than 0.01), respectively, compared with values in rats given caerulein alone. In studies using bovine serum albumin linked to polyethylene glycol and infused for six hours at protein concentrations identical to high dose PEG:SOD (n = 6), no beneficial effects against caerulein induced AP were observed. These data suggest that (a) oxygen derived free radicals are involved in the early pathogenesis of caerulein induced AP in rats, and (b) the greatly extended circulating half life of polyethylene PEG:SOD ( &gt; 35 hours in rats compared with less than six minutes for native superoxide dismutase) may make this compound more suitable than native superoxide dismutase as a potential therapeutic agent in AP.
Glutathione Infusion Potentiates Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Aged Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Giuseppe Paolisso, Dario Giugliano, Gennaro Pizza, Antonio Gambardella, Paola Tesauro, Michele Varricchio, Felice D'Onofrio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –To evaluate the effect of glutathione infusion on β-cell response to glucose in elderly people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Research Desigh and Methods –Ten patients with normal glucose tol-erance and 10 patients with IGT were matched for age (mean ± SE, 72.1 ± 2.8 vs. 71.0 ± 3.4 yr), body mass index (23.1 ± 1.1 vs. 22 ± 2.1 kg/m2), and sex (6/4 vs. 5/5, men/women) underwent glutathione infusion (10 mg/min) under basal conditions and during 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (0.33 g.kg body wt−1.3 min−1). Patients with IGT were also submitted to euglycemic-hyperinsulemic and hyperglycemic glucose clamps. Results –In subjects with normal glucose tolerance, glutathione infusion failed to affect β-cell response to glucose. In contrast, glutathione significantly potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion in patients with IGT. Furthermore, in the latter group studied by hyperglycemic clamps, glutathione infusion significantly potentiated the beta-cell response to glucose when plasma glucose levels varied between 10 and 15 mM. This effect disappeared at plasma glucose levels &amp;lt;15 mM. No effect of glutathione on insulin clearance and action was observed. Conclusios –Glutathione infusion enhances insulin secretion in elderly people with IGT.
Effect of fluticasone propionate on neutrophil chemotaxis, superoxide generation, and extracellular proteolytic activity in vitro.
Authors: C G Llewellyn-Jones, S L Hill, R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of many inflammatory conditions but the exact mode of action on neutrophil function is uncertain. Fluticasone propionate is a new topically active synthetic steroid which can be measured in body fluids and which undergoes first pass metabolism. METHODS--The effects of fluticasone propionate on the function of neutrophils isolated from normal, healthy control subjects and on the chemotactic activity of sputum sol phase were assessed. RESULTS--Preincubation of neutrophils with fluticasone propionate reduced the chemotactic response to 10(-8) mol/l F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) and to a 1:5 dilution of sputum sol phase in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, when fluticasone propionate was added to sputum from eight patients with stable chronic obstructive bronchitis the chemotactic activity of a 1:5 dilution of the sol phase fell from a mean (SE) value of 22.2 (1.21) cells/field to 19.6 (0.89), 17.1 (0.74), and 11.9 (0.6) cells field at 1 mumol/l, 10 mumol/l, and 100 mumol/l, respectively. In further experiments fluticasone propionate preincubated with neutrophils inhibited fibronectin degradation by resting cells and by cells stimulated by FMLP (15.2% inhibition of resting cells, 5.1% inhibition of stimulated cells with 1 mumol/l fluticasone propionate, 24% and 18.7% inhibition respectively at 100 mumol/l fluticasone propionate. Fluticasone propionate had no effect on generation of superoxide anion by resting or stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS--These results indicate that fluticasone propionate has a direct suppressive effect on several aspects of neutrophil function and may suggest a role for this agent in the modulation of neutrophil mediated damage to connective tissue.
Internal Menstrual Protection
Authors: Hannah V. Leonhardt
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with great interest your Special Communication on "Tampons in Menstrual Hygiene" by Robert E. Wheatley et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>192</b>:697-700 [May 24] 1965). I was surprised that the Vaginal Cup (Tassette, Inc.; Stamford, Conn)<sup>1</sup>as a means of protection was not mentioned. This method has been accepted enthusiastically by my patients, and I hope that more physicians will become familiar with this type of hygiene.
Abstract C50: Novel silicon derivatives of indomethacin: Generation of potent COX-2 selective agents with improved anticancer activity
Authors: Uzma I. Zakai, Stephen Gately, Robert West
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Elevated tumor cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poor overall survival in patients with a variety of cancers. Patients with elevated COX-2 that receive a COX-2 inhibitor have demonstrated improved survival. Indomethacin (IM) is a COX-non-selective inhibitor with demonstrated anticancer activity in patients. The anticancer effects of IM are related to inhibition of COX-2 as well as COX-independent targets. We now report the synthesis and activity of novel IM-sila- amide derivatives where strategic silicon addition results in COX-2 selective IM derivatives that demonstrate activity in mouse models of human cancers and are devoid of the COX-1 associated toxicities. The sila-IM compounds demonstrated improved inhibition of purified human COX-2, IC50 0.2 µM and limited inhibition of COX-1 up to 10 µM. Sila-IM derivatives were also found to be potent inhibitors of NFκB transcription activating function at concentrations below 1.0 µM. A sila-IM derivative Silexsyn was tested in various animal models of human cancer following oral administration. Significant activity was observed in models of non-small cell lung cancer and pancreas cancer. Potent synergism was observed for Silexsyn in combination with EGFR inhibitors. A synthetic methodology incorporating a heteroatom in the amino-functional silane has been developed and used to generate second-generation sila-IM derivatives that could have improved pharmacological properties. The introduction of silicon into an approved scaffold represents an efficient strategy for the rapid production of biologically relevant therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C50.
Enhancement of Random Migration and Chemotactic Response of Human Leukocytes by Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Edward J. Goetzl, Stephen I. Wasserman, Irma Gigli, K. Frank Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Incubation of human leukocytes with ascorbic acid at neutral pH and at concentrations 10-50 times that of normal blood levels augmented both the in vitro random migration and chemotaxis of the cells by 100-300% without influencing their phagocytic capacity. Enhancement of mobility by ascorbate was evident for isolated neutrophils, eosinophils, and mono-nuclear leukocytes and was independent of the specific chemotactic stimulus. Stimulation by ascorbate of the hexose monophosphate shunt of adherent neutrophils and augmentation by ascorbate of neutrophil mobility had comparable dose-response relationships, could be reversed by washing the cells, and were both suppressed by preincubation of the neutrophils with 6-aminonicotinamide, but not with the neutrophil-immobilizing factor. Glutathione, the proposed intermediate for ascorbate action, similarly stimulated hexose monophosphate shunt activity and enhanced migration. The enhancement in vitro of leukocyte mobility by ascorbate at concentrations found in some normal tissues, therefore, appears to be dependent upon stimulation of the leukocyte hexose monophosphate shunt.