tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation: rate as important as rhythm
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Drugs that regulate heart rate are just as effective as drugs and procedures that control rhythm in the treatment of atrial fibrillation, as well as being cheaper and safer, according to two new studies. The new approach may also lead to fewer hospital admissions, presumably because of fewer side effects from the drugs that control heart rate.

To treat atrial fibrillation most doctors have preferred a strategy of restoring normal heart rhythm, which can involve electrically shocking the heart, partly on the assumption that this strategy results in fewer complications such …
On Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis
Authors: T. Cole
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THz influence of altitude upon the spirometric measurements of the expired air (vital capacity of Hutchinson) is a subject that has not met with much attention.Rattray, in his researches on climate, pub- lished in the Proceedings of the Royal Society (I869-72), incidentally mentions that an ascent of 2,000 feet at Ascension lessened the "vital capacity", as judged of by the spirometer, from 266 to 249 and 243 cubic inches.In seeking to verify these results, I determined, as an opportunity offered, to carry out more extended observations upon the subject.Two officers of H. M. S. Nor-thumberland (Lieutenants Camp- bell and Simpson), whose "vit .1 capacity" had previously been fre- quently noted, volunteered; obs-rvations being taken during a period of three days, the altitude of the place of observation, at Mladeira, as determined by an aneroid barometer, corrected for temperature, being ,950 feet, this agreeing with the altitude given by Dr. Hartung in his Geologischc Beschreibung der Itlsln Aladeira, etc.The observations commenced on the morning after the arrival of the party at the moun- tain, being taken twice daily, morning and evening, before breakfast and before dinner, at about 8 A. Ni. and 6 P.li.respectively.The vital capacity index is taken from the mean of thrcc trials, the height of the barometer and temperature being noted at the same time.
Biliary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Detected by F-18 FDG PET/CT
Authors: Winnie Wing-Chuen Lam, Saabry Osmany
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Biliary involvement by non-Hodgkin lymphoma is rare with an incidence ranging from 0.5% to 2%. In this article, we describe fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) avid common bile duct involvement in a patient being staged for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). We conclude that FDG PET can be a convenient noninvasive method of imaging extrahepatic biliary obstruction due to a lymphoma which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in such patients. A positive FDG PET warrants histopathological correlation for appropriate treatment.
The measurement of the cell cycle time in squamous epithelium using the metaphase arrest technique with vincristine
Authors: MARK B. Duffill, DAVID R. APPLETON, PAUL DYSON, SAM SHUSTER, NICHOLAS A. WRIGHT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

In squamous epithelia with a single layer of germinative cells, the age distribution of cells in the cell cycle is shown to depend on the direction of the mitotic axis (i.e. a line joining the nuclei of daughter cells) relative to the plane of the basal layer. When axes are in the plane of the basal layer the age distribution is exponential; when cells divide at right angles to the plane of the basal layer, the age distribution is rectangular. When there is a ratio of vertical to horizontal axes, the age distribution is intermediate but can be calculated from knowledge of the proportion of axes in the plane of the layer. Squamous epithelia can be classified according to this arrangement of axes. When there are multiple layers of germinative cells, as in psoriasis, the age distribution is shown to be exponential to a good approximation, whatever the direction of the mitotic axes in the several layers. The importance of these observations is demonstrated by analysing metaphase arrest experiments with vincristine in the single layer of germinative cells in the mouse oesophagus, and in the several layers found in psoriatic epidermis. Choice of the wrong age distribution leads to an error of 6 h in the oesophagus and 23 h in psoriatic epidermis, when the mean cell cycle time is calculated. It is concluded that, in squamous epithelium, it is most important to know the age distribution before calculating the cell cycle time by methods involving measurement of the rate of entry of cells into mitosis or DNA synthesis.
DIFFERENTIAL MOLECULAR ADAPTATION TO MONOCROTALINE-INDUCED VERSUS PRESSURE-INDUCED RIGHT VENTRICULAR OVERLOAD
Authors: Marc R. Moon, Abdulhameed Aziz, Anson M. Lee, Hersh S. Maniar, Nneka N. Ufere, Evelyn M. Kanter, Kathryn A. Yamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Response to Comment on: Rogers et al. Blood Pressure Trajectories Prior to Death in Patients With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1534–1539
Authors: Mary A.M. Rogers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

e thank van Hateren et al. for their comments (1) and the additional information from the Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC)-12 study (2).We revisited the dataset for our study (3) and found that 70.8% of the patients were receiving ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in 2005.This percentage was 72.7% in 2006, 72.0% in 2007, and 72.6% in 2008.Unfortunately, information regarding dosage was not available in the dataset.As can be seen in the graphs in the article (2), both systolic and diastolic blood pressure tended to decrease over time in patients who died as well as in those who remained alive.Overall, the mean systolic blood pressure was 132.2 mmHg in 2005, 131.3 in 2006, 130.4 in 2007, and 129.8 in 2008.The corresponding diastolic blood pressures were 69.8 mmHg, 69.3, 68.3, and 67.7.We reran the multilevel
The Heritability and Sibling Risk of Angle Closure in Asians
Authors: Nishani Amerasinghe, Jian Zhang, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Mingguang He, Eranga N. Vithana, Ananth Viswanathan, Tien Y. Wong, Paul J. Foster, Tin Aung
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Cough and Otitis Media
Authors: Frederic Speer
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The paper by Wolff and May (223:1269, 1973) is a welcomed reminder that cough can be caused by a stimulus in the ear canal or ear drum. Pediatricians often observe cough related to acute otitis media, and it is a serious mistake not to examine the ears of children with respiratory illness.  On several occasions I have seen an infant with severe wheezing and dyspnea who would improve immediately and dramatically when his suppurative otitis media was drained. Such cases may be confused with asthma, bronchiolitis, or other obstructive bronchial disorders. The mechanism must be the same vagal reflex cited by Wolff and May.
Assisted conception for infertility.
Authors: E. R. Te Velde, J. Koudstaal, J. M. Eimers
Journal: BMJ (1992)

draw attention to the problems of confounding, especially residual confounding, in epidemiological studies.'This is poorly under- stood and has led to many serious misunder- standings.It should always be considered as an explanation of any epidemiological association, but in some cases observational studies cannot resolve the issue, and one should not conclude that possibly confounded exposures should be ignored.When this impasse is reached it may be more appropriate to consider intervention studies.The example of smoking and cervical cancer is a case in point.Early observations of this association were played down because of possible confounding with sexual behaviour.The relation was not, however, weakened when attempts were made to adjust more carefully for this--a procedure that often indicates residual confounding-and now dozens of carefully designed studies have found a strong relation.Clearly, randomising young women to smoke or not would be both ridiculous and unethical.We are attempting to study the effects of stopping smoking on untreated but carefully monitored mild cervical disease, with reference to both clinical and immunological vari- ables.Studies of this kind may prove useful in resolving the problems of counfounding.
Change in the Body Mass Index Distribution for Women: Analysis of Surveys from 37 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Fahad Razak, Daniel J. Corsi, None SV Subramanian
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background There are well-documented global increases in mean body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight (BMI≥25.0 kg/m2) and obese (BMI≥30.0 kg/m2). Previous analyses, however, have failed to report whether this weight gain is shared equally across the population. We examined the change in BMI across all segments of the BMI distribution in a wide range of countries, and assessed whether the BMI distribution is changing between cross-sectional surveys conducted at different time points. Methods and Findings We used nationally representative surveys of women between 1991–2008, in 37 low- and middle-income countries from the Demographic Health Surveys ([DHS] n = 732,784). There were a total of 96 country-survey cycles, and the number of survey cycles per country varied between two (21/37) and five (1/37). Using multilevel regression models, between countries and within countries over survey cycles, the change in mean BMI was used to predict the standard deviation of BMI, the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obese. Changes in median BMI were used to predict the 5th and 95th percentile of the BMI distribution. Quantile-quantile plots were used to examine the change in the BMI distribution between surveys conducted at different times within countries. At the population level, increasing mean BMI is related to increasing standard deviation of BMI, with the BMI at the 95th percentile rising at approximately 2.5 times the rate of the 5th percentile. Similarly, there is an approximately 60% excess increase in prevalence of overweight and 40% excess in obese, relative to the decline in prevalence of underweight. Quantile-quantile plots demonstrate a consistent pattern of unequal weight gain across percentiles of the BMI distribution as mean BMI increases, with increased weight gain at high percentiles of the BMI distribution and little change at low percentiles. Major limitations of these results are that repeated population surveys cannot examine weight gain within an individual over time, most of the countries only had data from two surveys and the study sample only contains women in low- and middle-income countries, potentially limiting generalizability of findings. Conclusions Mean changes in BMI, or in single parameters such as percent overweight, do not capture the divergence in the degree of weight gain occurring between BMI at low and high percentiles. Population weight gain is occurring disproportionately among groups with already high baseline BMI levels. Studies that characterize population change should examine patterns of change across the entire distribution and not just average trends or single parameters. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Positioning During Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: David L. Sherr
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
M-CSF neutralization and Egr-1 deficiency prevent ovariectomy-induced bone loss
Authors: Simone Cenci, M. Neale Weitzmann, M.A. Gentile, M.C. Aisa, Roberto Pacifici
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Increased stromal cell production of M-CSF, an event caused by enhanced phosphorylation of the nuclear protein Egr-1, is central to the mechanism by which estrogen (E2) deficiency upregulates osteoclast (OC) formation. However, the contribution of enhanced M-CSF production to the bone loss induced by E2 deficiency remains to be determined. We found that treatment with an Ab that neutralizes M-CSF in vivo completely prevents the rise in OC number, the increase in bone resorption, and the resulting bone loss induced by ovariectomy (ovx). We also found that adult, intact Egr-1–deficient mice, a strain characterized by maximally stimulated stromal cell production of M-CSF, exhibit increased bone resorption and decreased bone mass. In these mice, treatment with anti–M-CSF Ab restored normal levels of bone resorption, thus confirming that increased M-CSF production accounts for the remodeling abnormalities of Egr-1–deficient mice. Consistent with the failure of ovx to further increase M-CSF production in Egr-1–deficient mice, ovx neither increased bone resorption further, nor caused bone loss in these animals. In summary, the data demonstrate that E2 deficiency induces M-CSF production via an Egr-1-dependent mechanism that is central to the pathogenesis of ovx-induced bone loss. Thus, Egr-1 and M-CSF are critical mediators of the bone sparing effects of E2 in vivo.
Postmortem on Winter Olympics medical care
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Tomorrow the summer Olympic Games begin in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The United States, Japan, and some other key countries will not send participants.  Meanwhile, back in the United States, Olympic physicians are compiling their reports on the medical experience at the Winter Games in Lake Placid, NY. George G. Hart, MD, a Lake Placid-born family practitioner who was chairman of medical arrangements for that community's Olympic Organizing Committee, says a total of 2,537 treatments of athletes, spectators, and support personnel was recorded.  However, says Hart, those treatments require some sorting out. For example, the computer would have him believe that 14 fractured calcanei were treated during the games, but he has not seen that many broken heelbones in his entire practice. As it turns out, one person fractured a calcaneus and had 14 whirlpool treatments.  Hart, his vice-chairman Edward G. Hixson, MD, of Saranac Lake, NY, and
Rigid and Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistor Arrays for Monitoring Action Potentials from Electrogenic Cells
Authors: Chunlei Yao, Qianqian Li, Jing Guo, Feng Yan, I‐Ming Hsing
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Rigid and flexible organic electrochemical transistor arrays are successfully implemented for monitoring cardiac action potentials. Excellent signal to noise ratios are achieved with values routinely larger than 4. These devices are promising to be used in both conventional and emerging areas.
Plasma Concentrations of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Colombian Women With Pre-eclampsia
Authors: R. Maas
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical audit and clinical competence.
Authors: I J Davies
Journal: BMJ (1980)

and torture. (4)Establishing a network of prominent medical experts in the world who could influence their colleagues in countries acting in breach of the Helsinki agreement to stand firm on the side of human rights.We would welcome any volunteers sympathising with our aims as new members of Amnesty International's medical group.If, however, any sympathisers feel that they cannot fully participate, on account of their present commitments, we would be grateful for help with an occasional case where the authority of a particular specialist might be of value.We would like to extend this invitation to members of the dental and nursing pro- fessions.
Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook of General Hospital Psychiatry
Authors: Maxwell Gregg Bloche
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Psychiatry today is an enterprise beset by paradox. Its practitioners in the 1980s have reasserted clinical and cultural authority by reaffirming their medical identity. This reaffirmation rests on an increasingly credible biologic basis. Developments in the somatic treatment of depression, anxiety disorders, and the psychoses have been steady. Dramatic advances in the neurosciences may portend a new surge in clinical innovation. Yet, in basing their case for legitimacy on their claim to biologic physicianhood, psychiatrists risk undermining the credibility of much that they can offer. For in its most extreme form, the biologic ideal reduces to a cartoon that permits no place for psychiatry's rich diversity of psychological and social interventions. The<i>Massachusetts General Hospital Handbook</i>avoids this error. The product of a single, medically oriented department of psychiatry, its main focus is the psychiatrist's role as consultant in the general hospital. Its 30 compact chapters address myriad dimensions of
The role of endothelin-1 in vascular remodeling in vivo
Authors: M TAKAHASHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

See article by Dao et al. [4] (pages 61–68) in this issue. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are a major component of the arterial wall and play a critical role in the development of occlusive vascular lesions. In normal vessels, VSMCs are quiescent, differentiated, and contractile and function to maintain vascular tone and blood pressure. In pathological processes such as the response to vascular injury, VSMCs undergo a phenotypic transition whereby they proliferate, migrate from the medial to the intimal layer, and lead to neointimal formation and subsequent vascular remodeling. These resultant vascular changes contribute to the pathological basis of atherosclerosis and restenosis that occur after revascularization procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, and bypass grafting. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent 21-amino acid vasoconstrictor peptide. ET-1 is mainly generated from the endothelium of blood vessels and functions in a paracrine or autocrine manner on ETA and ETB receptors. These receptors present on VSMCs have been shown to induce contraction and stimulate cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, while endothelial ETB receptors stimulate the production of nitric oxide and prostacyclin and accordingly elicit vasorelaxation. Accumulating evidence indicates that endogenous ET-1 is involved in the vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. For example, local ET-1 production has been shown to be increased in vascular lesions, in neointimal formation after vascular injury, and in atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. Indeed, the administration of ET receptor antagonists reduced the neointimal formation after vascular injury and prevented vascular remodeling in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats; this suggested the possibility that ET-1 induces VSMC hyperplasia in this process in vivo. However, several studies using cultured VSMCs showed that ET-1 stimulates VSMC hypertrophy but not hyperplasia in vitro [1–3]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the effect of ET-1 on VSMC hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia in vivo. In the current issue of Cardiovascular Research, Dao et al. [4] have examined the mitogenic or trophic effect of ET-1 in rat small mesenteric arteries in vivo and demonstrated that administration of low doses of ET-1 stimulated protein synthesis (hypertrophy) in the arteries, whereas high doses stimulated both protein and DNA synthesis (hyperplasia).
Injection Technique in Infants
Authors: David L. Silber
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The coverage of current controversies surrounding the use of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (DTP) vaccine in the MEDICAL NEWS section (1982;248:12) was timely and generally excellent. How very unfortunate, however, that an article concerned with the complications of immunization procedures contained a photograph that depicts a dangerous and obsolete technique of intramuscular (IM) injection. The risk of sciatic nerve injury associated with gluteal injections in young children is substantial.<sup>1</sup>It is my impression that it is now universally accepted that infants should receive IM injections only in the anterolateral aspect of the midthigh. I am surprised and concerned that the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, provided such a photograph.
Cathepsin S inhibitor prevents autoantigen presentation and autoimmunity
Authors: Kaoru Saegusa, Naozumi Ishimaru, Kumiko Yanagi, Rieko Arakaki, Kouichi Ogawa, Ichiro Saito, Nobuhiko Katunuma, Yoshio Hayashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The cysteine endoprotease cathepsin S mediates degradation of the MHC class II invariant chain Ii in human and mouse antigen-presenting cells. Studies described here examine the functional significance of cathepsin S inhibition on autoantigen presentation and organ-specific autoimmune diseases in a murine model for Sjögren syndrome. Specific inhibitor of cathepsin S (Clik60) in vitro markedly impaired presentation of an organ-specific autoantigen, 120-kDa alpha-fodrin, by interfering with MHC class II-peptide binding. Autoantigen-specific T cell responses were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by incubation with Clik60, but not with inhibitor s of cathepsin B or L. Clik60 treatment of mouse salivary gland cells selectively inhibited autopeptide-bound class II molecules. Moreover, the treatment with Clik60 in vivo profoundly blocked lymphocytic infiltration into the salivary and lacrimal glands, abrogated a rise in serum autoantibody production, and led to recovery from autoimmune manifestations. Thus, inhibition of cathepsin S in vivo alters autoantigen presentation and development of organ-specific autoimmunity. These data identify selective inhibition of cysteine protease cathepsin S as a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune disease processes.