tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute renal failure from contrast medium: … and remember simple and cheap measures
Authors: Amit Patel
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Last year Hern et al published an editorial on knife crime and clearly the problem has not gone away. 1 A quick search of the Times website finds 90 hits on the single search term "stabbing" in the past three months alone.Several recent deaths have fuelled the perception that forensic knife injuries have become an epidemic, resulting in a knife amnesty and government discussion of new punitive measures.An increase in such injuries is supported by data from regional police forces and the Home Office, with 1200 reported attacks in London last year and 30% of homicides caused by knife injury. 2 Crimes defined as "more serious wounding or other act endangering life" almost doubled nationally from 1995 to 2005. 3 We audited forensic knife injuries at this hospital, one of Europe's busiest emergency departments, to establish the size of this problem in a representative urban area (east London).We extracted data on forensic knife injuries (excluding deliberate self harm) from a detailed prospectively recorded database of all trauma calls from July 2004 to June 2006 (these reflecting more severe injuries).Overall there were 309 forensic knife injuries; 259 patients were admitted, 184 were operated on, and eight died.The chest was the most common area injured (183/309 patients, 6/8 deaths).Most patients were men (297/309), and mean age was 28 (range 15-74).To give a measure of changing incidence over a longer time of a greater range of severity of injury, we also performed an audit of all cases coded as "stabbing" on the patient administration system during the 10 year period from July 1997 to June 2006 (figure).Over both periods, the data show an increase in the overall incidence of stabbings.Furthermore, increased need for surgical intervention in the prospective study may reflect increasing severity of injury.These data therefore seem to support the general perception that knife injuries are increasing.
Upper Trunk Brachial Plexopathy in Football Players
Authors: William C. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ten football players seen from 1973 through 1977 at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals were found to have clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of injury to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Each had upper limb paresis following one or more blows to the head or shoulders. The development of persistent weakness often was preceded by burning paresthesias in the upper limb. Our experience suggests that the syndrome of burning paresthesias and subsequent arm weakness frequently is secondary to stretching of the brachial plexus.
Leveen Shunt Visualization Without Function Using Technetium-99m Macroaggregated Albumin
Authors: MAJ JAMES H. ALGEO, MALCOLM POWELL, JACQUES COUACAUD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Nonfunction of a Leveen shunt was diagnosed in a 53-year-old cirrhotic woman by lack of lung visualization following intraperitoneal administration of Tc-99m MAA, despite imaging of the shunt tubing itself. Surgery confirmed the malfunction and follow-up study after surgical correction showed normal function. Using intraperitoneal injection, an end-organ must be seen to confirm shunt function. The method of Rosenthall et al (4) may provide a more rapid diagnosis of nonfunction without the necessity of end-organ imaging.
Response to Open Peer Commentaries on “Rationing Just Medical Care”
Authors: Lawrence J. Schneiderman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments This article is a response to the open peer commentaries on “Rationing Just Medical Care” by Lawrence J. Schneiderman, which appeared in American Journal of Bioethics, Volume 11, Issue 7, on pp. 7–14.
Utility and direct costs: ankylosing spondylitis compared with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S M M Verstappen, J W G Jacobs, D M van der Heijde, Sj van der Linden, C M Verhoef, J W J Bijlsma, A Boonen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objectives:</b> To compare utility and disease-specific direct costs between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the Netherlands. <b>Methods:</b> Patients with AS and those with RA completed questions on disease characteristics, the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) to assess utility, and questionnaire resource utilisation. Resource utilisation was assessed prospectively in AS, but retrospectively in RA. True cost estimates (2003) were used to calculate the costs. Differences in disease characteristics between AS and RA were described, and determinants of EQ-5D utility and costs were explored by Cox proportional hazard regressions. <b>Results:</b> 576 patients with RA and 132 with AS completed the questionnaires. EQ-5D utility (0.63 vs 0.7) was lower, and annual direct costs higher in RA (€5167 vs €2574). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard regressions, there was no difference in utility between the diagnostic groups, but patients with RA incurred higher direct costs after controlling for age, gender and disease duration. <b>Conclusions:</b> In patients with RA and patients with AS, who are under the care of a rheumatologist, utility is equally reduced, but healthcare costs are higher in RA after controlling for age, gender and disease duration. These data can be helpful to provide insights into the differences and similarities between the healthcare needs of both patient groups and to identify issues for further research and for policy in healthcare organisations.
Novel Role for Inhibitor of Differentiation 2 in the Genesis of Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Petra Gratze, Ralf Dechend, Carolin Stocker, Joon-Keun Park, Sandra Feldt, Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren, Maren Wellner, Faikah Gueler, Song Rong, Volkmar Gross, Michael Obst, Ralph Plehm, Natalia Alenina, Ana Zenclussen, Jens Titze, Kersten Small, Yoshifumi Yokota, Martin Zenke, Friedrich C. Luft, Dominik N. Muller
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Angiotensin (Ang) II-induced target-organ damage involves innate and acquired immunity. Mice deficient for the helix-loop-helix transcription factor inhibitor of differentiation (Id2(-/-)) lack Langerhans and splenic CD8a+ dendritic cells, have reduced natural killer cells, and have altered CD8 T-cell memory. We tested the hypothesis that an alteration in the number and quality of circulating blood cells caused by Id2 deletion would ameliorate Ang II-induced target-organ damage.We used gene-deleted and transgenic mice. We conducted kidney and bone marrow transplants. In contrast to Ang II-infused Id2(+/-), Id2(-/-) mice infused with Ang II remained normotensive and failed to develop albuminuria or renal damage. Bone marrow transplant of Id2(+/-) bone marrow to Id2(-/-) mice did not restore the blunted blood pressure response to Ang II. Transplantation of Id2(-/-) kidneys to Id2(+/-) mice also could not prevent Ang II-induced hypertension and renal damage. We verified the Ang II resistance in Id2(-/-) mice in a model of local tissue Ang II production by crossing hypertensive mice transgenic for rat angiotensinogen with Id2(-/-) or Id2(+/-) mice. Angiotensinogen-transgenic Id2(+/-) mice developed hypertension, albuminuria, and renal injury, whereas angiotensinogen-transgenic Id2(-/-) mice did not. We also found that vascular smooth muscle cells from Id2(-/-) mice showed an antisenescence phenotype.Our bone marrow and kidney transplant experiments suggest that alterations in circulating immune cells or Id2 in the kidney are not responsible for Ang II resistance. The present studies identify a previously undefined role for Id2 in the pathogenesis of Ang II-induced hypertension.
POSITIVE WASSERMANN TEST IN A FATAL CASE OF ESTIVOAUTUMNAL MALARIA
Authors: GUTHRIE McCONNELL
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This case is reported because of the control of a positive Wassermann reaction by necropsy in a case of malaria, that clinically showed no evidence of syphilis. The earlier statements to the effect that a positive Wassermann reaction may occur in malaria, without syphilis, were based largely on clinical examinations.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —L. D., a white man, aged 48, well developed and well nourished, a structural iron worker, stated that he had had several attacks of gonorrhea, and that about twenty-five years before he had had a chancre for which he received intravenous therapy. Examination revealed a slight scar on the corona. In July, 1921, about three months before admission, he noticed that he did not seem as strong as usual and was unable to do the heavy work required. He was in New Orleans at the time, and remained there until about a week before admission, when
Electromagnetic fields may be carcinogenic
Authors: T. Rutter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Electromagnetic fields, like those surrounding electric power lines, should be regarded as “a possible human carcinogen” a working group drawn together by the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences reported this week.

The group of scientists and industry experts had been meeting in Minnesota to review the scientific evidence over whether electromagnetic fields cause cancer. A panel vote of 19 to 9 supported the report.

“This report does not suggest that the risk is high,” said the chairman, Michael Gallo, in a statement released by the institute. “It is probably …
Rates of caesarean vary widely across Europe
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The proportion of births involving caesarean section varies widely across Europe, ranging from 52.2% of all births in Cyprus to 14.8% in Iceland, shows research published in BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology .1

The authors of the Euro-Peristat study said that the continuing wide variation in rates of caesarean section and instrumental vaginal delivery pointed to a lack of consensus on good obstetric practice.

The World Health Organization says that there is no justification for any region to have a caesarean rate higher than 10-15%, …
Obesity and Alcohol Synergize to Increase the Risk of Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Men
Authors: Rohit Loomba, Hwai-I. Yang, Jun Su, David Brenner, Uchenna Iloeje, Chien-Jen Chen
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)

Body mass index (BMI) and alcohol use are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed a prospective study to determine if these factors have synergistic effects on HCC risk.Over 14 years, we followed up 2260 Taiwanese men from the Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease/Cancer-Hepatitis B Virus (REVEAL-HBV) Study Cohort who tested positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen (mean age, 46 ± 10 y; mean BMI, 24 ± 3 kg/m(2)); 20% reported alcohol use. Incident HCC cases were identified via linkage to the national cancer registry. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using Cox-proportional hazards models.In univariate analysis, the interaction between BMI and alcohol predicted incident HCC (P = .029). Alcohol use and extreme obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) had synergistic effects on the risk of incident HCC in analyses adjusted for age (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.25-9.27; P < .025) and multivariables (HR, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.24-9.34; P < .025). The relative risk estimate for the interaction and the attributable proportion from the interaction and synergy index were 1.59, 0.52, and 4.40, respectively; these indicate a multiplicative interaction between alcohol use and extreme obesity. In an analysis stratified into 4 World Health Organization categories of BMI and alcohol use, the risk of incident HCC increased in overweight (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.4), obese (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7), and extremely obese (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.0) users of alcohol (P for trend = .046).Obesity and alcohol have synergistic effects to increase the risk of incident HCC in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive men. Lifestyle interventions might reduce the incidence of HCC.
Electronic communication between providers of primary and secondary care.
Authors: P. J. Branger, J. C. van der Wouden, B. R. Schudel, E. Verboog, J. S. Duisterhout, J. van der Lei, J. H. van Bemmel
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To study the effects of the introduction of electronic data interchange between primary and secondary care providers on speed of communication, efficiency of data handling, and satisfaction of general practitioners with communication. DESIGN--Comparison of traditional paper based communication for laboratory reports and admission-discharge reports between hospital and general practitioners and electronic data interchange. SETTING--Twenty-seven general practitioners whose offices were equipped with a practice information system and two general hospitals. OUTCOME MEASURES--Paper based communication was evaluated by questionnaire responses from and interviews with care providers; electronic communication was evaluated by measuring time intervals between generation and delivery of messages and by assessing doctors' satisfaction with electronic data interchange by questionnaire. RESULTS--Via paper mail admission-discharge reports took a median of 2-4 days, and laboratory reports 2 days, to reach general practitioners. With electronic data interchange almost all admission-discharge reports were available to general practitioners within one hour of generation. When samples were analysed on the day of collection (as was the case for 174/542 samples in one hospital and 443/854 in the other) the laboratory reports were also available to the general practitioner the same day via electronic data interchange. Fifteen general practitioners (of the 24 who returned the questionnaire) reported that the use of electronic admission-discharge reports provided more accurate and complete information about the care delivered to their patients. Ten general practitioners reported that electronic laboratory reports lessened the work of processing the data. CONCLUSION--Electronic communication between primary and secondary care providers is a feasible option for improving communication.
Medical ethics and the potentialities of the living being.
Authors: D Holbrook
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Attitudes toward the personhood of the fetus as opposed to the existence of mere biological life with the potential to become a person are discussed in relation to reproductive issues such as abortion. Holbrook examines the arguments raised in the Times by W.H. Thorpe, R.J. Berry, and Andrew Huxley regarding the status of fetuses, and suggests that the way we act toward such beings, our attitudes toward "life," are relevant to our relationship with the natural world. He discusses the uniqueness of the fetus, the biology of conception, and the mysterious element in the formation and development of a living being. Because we do not fully understand the development of a fertilized egg, he contends, it is important to protect the process by which humans are formed and born against the ambitions of science and technology.
Low-Titer Cold-Hemagglutinin Disease
Authors: Alan D. Schreiber, Barton S. Herskovitz, Manfred Goldwein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

We studied two patients with a low-titer cold-hemagglutinin disease syndrome to investigate the mechanism of hemolysis and the therapeutic response to corticosteroids. The antierythrocyte antibody was of the IgM class, had a high thermal amplitude and had enough activity at 37°C to account for the hemolysis. The capacity of peripheral blood monocytes to increase the osmotic fragility of C3-coated erythrocytes suggests that macrophage interaction with C3-coated erythrocytes explains the observed in vivo spherocytosis. Both patients responded to high-dose corticosteroids. The data suggest that the steroid effect is probably due to alteration of macrophage complement-receptor function. These studies demonstrate the importance of antibody activity at body temperature in producing hemolysis, particularly in this variant of cold-hemagglutinin disease. The response to steroids suggests the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in alleviating hemolysis due to macrophage recognition of erythrocytes coated with IgM and C3. (N Engl J Med 296:1490–1494, 1977)
Monitoring breast milk contamination to detect hazards from waste disposal.
Authors: W Rogan, B Gladen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Human milk is a repository for certain classes of long-lived, fat-soluble environmental contaminant chemicals. Some members of this class, such as the chlorinated pesticides and the chlorinated biphenyls, can be expected to be present at chemical waste disposal sites. Analysis of samples of breast milk obtained from women near such a site could provide documentation that exposure has taken place. However, background contamination is present and must be dealt with by the collection of comparison samples. Sample collection can be difficult because of the low level of chemicals being sought, and thus the possibility of sample contamination. The diagnostic and public health consequences of contaminated breast milk are not clear at this time, and thus chemical analysis of milk should be carried out in a research setting. Despite these difficulties, breast milk monitoring has been a successful tool in certain investigations of the spread of environmental chemicals.
Major morbidity and mortality within 1 month of ambulatory surgery and anesthesia
Authors: M. A. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To determine the incidence and time sequence of mortality and major morbidity after ambulatory surgery.Prospective outcome survey of patients at 16 to 72 hours and 30 days after their surgical procedures.A tertiary care rural referral center providing ambulatory care.A total of 38,598 patients aged 18 years and older undergoing 45,090 consecutive ambulatory procedures and anesthetics. Contact rates for 72 hours and 30 days were 99.94% and 95.9%, respectively.Mortality and major morbidity incidences, including myocardial infarction, central nervous system deficit, pulmonary embolism, and respiratory failure.Thirty-three patients either experienced major morbidity or died (1:1366 [proportional risk]). Four patients died (1:11,273), two of myocardial infarction and two in automobile accidents. No patient died of a medical complication within 1 week of surgery. Of the 31 patients who developed a major morbidity (1:1455), 14 (45%) had myocardial infarction (1:3220), seven (23%) had a central nervous system deficit (1:6441), five (16%) had pulmonary embolism (1:9018), and five (16%) had respiratory failure (1:9018). Four events (13%) occurred within 8 hours of surgery (1:11,273), 15 (48%) in the next 40 hours (1:3006), and 12 (39%) in the next 28 days (1:3758).In this ambulatory surgical population, more than one third of major morbidity occurred 48 hours or later after surgery. Overall morbidity and mortality rates, however, were very low.
Amyloid Disease with Hypertension
Authors: Samuel E. Leard, William E. Jaques
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IN THE available literature there are only 39 reported cases of hypertension associated with amyloid disease. Classically, amyloid disease of the kidney is associated with a low or normal blood pressure.In 1881 Dickinson1 made the first reference to the occurrence of hypertension in amyloid disease. In 1894 Litten2 reported 2 cases of hypertension with "Bright'sche Retinitis" occurring among several hundred cases of amyloid disease that he reviewed. Danisch,3 Fahr,4 Dixon,5 Altnow, Van Winkle and Cohen,6 Auerbach and Stemmerman7 and Dahlin8 have referred to single or several cases of amyloid disease with hypertension. However, these reports do not include pathological . . .
Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a university hospital in Tunis, Tunisia, 1999–2005
Authors: D. Elhani, L. Bakir, M. Aouni, V. Passet, G. Arlet, S. Brisse, F.-X. Weill
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Regulation of Hormone-Induced Ca 2+ Mobilization in the Human Platelets
Authors: Michael F. Crouch, Eduardo G. Lapetina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

alpha-Thrombin, gamma-thrombin, and platelet-activating factor each stimulated the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores in aspirin-treated human platelets. This was followed by desensitization of the receptors, as shown by the return of the Ca2+ level to basal values and by the fact that a subsequent addition of a second different agonist, but not the same agonist, could again elicit a response. Epinephrine, acting on alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, was by itself ineffective at mobilizing Ca2+ stores. However, when added after the thrombin-induced response, epinephrine could evoke a considerable release of Ca2+ from cellular stores. This appeared to be due to epinephrine recoupling thrombin receptors to phospholipase C. In support of this, epinephrine was able to induce the formation of inositol triphosphate when added after the response to thrombin had also become desensitized. Alone, epinephrine was without effect. Pre-activation of protein kinase C with the phorbol ester abolished these effects of epinephrine, suggesting that epinephrine was working by activating a protein which could be inactivated by phosphorylation. Our current work is to characterize this protein that may be a member of the Gi, GTP-binding protein family.
Vitamins and Hormones XVII
Authors: Harold P. Schedl
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Volume 17 of "Vitamins and Hormones" adheres to the high standards and follows the pattern of its predecessors: research workers review fields in which they have an active interest. Metabolism of the pterins and pteridines, including folic acid, is lucidly and comprehensively presented. The term "pterinoid" is proposed for compounds with the pterin ring skeleton, by analogy with "steroid" and "carotinoid." Developments of the past 10 years in the chemistry of the K vitamins are succinctly presented. The structural differences between the K vitamins, in relation to their biological properties and to menadione, are described. In a comprehensive chapter the role of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is discussed. Among many interesting aspects are endocrine influences, genetic defects, and neoplasia in relation to activity of this enzyme. Under the topic "biochemistry of serotonin and other indoleamines," clinical, pharmacologic, and physiologic implications of serotonin are also presented. Ergothioneine,
Epidemiology of Rh Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn in the United States
Authors: Gilberto F. Chávez
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Nationwide surveillance of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn (RhHDN) indicates that, after a substantial decline in incidence, reported rates reached a plateau in the late 1970s. We conducted a study designed to validate RhHDN surveillance data, to obtain corrected incidence estimates, and to identify potential reasons for the reported plateau. We obtained data from the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, a national surveillance system that collects data from public and private hospitals participating voluntarily. We asked hospitals for copies of the medical records for all infants discharged with a code for RhHDN and for a sample of the medical records of infants discharged with a code for other and unspecified hemolytic disease during 1986. The estimated incidence rate of RhHDN was 10.6 per 10 000 total births, with some regional variations. Our findings indicate that, despite the availability of an effective preventive measure, RhHDN continues to contribute significantly to infant morbidity and mortality in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:3270-3274)