tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of K1b9 light chains in Basilea rabbits is probably due to a mutation in an acceptor site for mRNA splicing.
Authors: E Lamoyi, R G Mage
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

Rabbits of the Basilea strain do not produce normal K1b9 light chains but continue to produce immunoglobulins with light chains of the rare K2 isotype and of lambda type. To understand the molecular basis for this unusual expression of kappa light chains in Basilea rabbits, we undertook an analysis of their kappa genes. We isolated and sequenced the mutant kappa 1b9 gene and found a substitution of A for G in the highly conserved AG dinucleotide of the 3' acceptor splice site. Although we cannot rule out additional alterations of portions of the gene we did not sequence, this spontaneous change of the G found in the normal gene provides a likely molecular explanation for the loss of K1 light chain expression in Basilea rabbits.
The proactive treatment of atopic dermatitis with tacrolimus ointment in Korean patients: a comparative study between once-weekly and thrice-weekly applications
Authors: B.Y. Chung, H.O. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.I. Cho, C.H. Lee, C.W. Park
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2012)

Funding sources: This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2012 RIAIB 3002196 and No. 2012 ‐ 0004228) and by a grant from Amore Pacific Co. Ltd., 2011. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Atopic dermatitis (AD) typically runs a chronic course of flares and remissions. A proactive approach, with long‐term treatment of AD using low‐dose, intermittent, topical anti‐inflammatory agents has been shown to control acute disease and prevent relapses.1, 2 Tacrolimus ointment is a topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI) that has been demonstrated to be efficient in the treatment of AD; the effectiveness of proactive treatment with tacrolimus has been confirmed in previous clinical trials.3–6 To date, no study has compared the efficacy and tolerability of different proactive treatment regimens, such as the frequency of tacrolimus ointment application. We compared the effectiveness of proactive treatment with tacrolimus ointment administered either once weekly or thrice weekly in delaying and reducing the occurrence of AD exacerbations.
Abstract P4-17-09: Efficacy and safety of lipomodelling and adipose tissue derived degenerative stem cells(ADRC) for breast reconstruction – Medium term follow up
Authors: L Noor, P Bhaskar, C Hennessy
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Past and current literature support Lipomodelling as a tool for breast reconstruction. Lipomodelling with Adipose tissue Derived Regenerative Stem Cells dramatically improves the graft survival through both adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Literature regarding safety of this procedure for breast reconstruction is limited. Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of ADRC-enriched fat grafts for breast reconstruction. Material &amp; Methods: A prospective study from September 2008 – April 2012 at a District General Hospital UK including patients operated by two breast surgeons. The indications and the fat grafting procedures used are analyzed (Cytori Celution 800/CRS or Cytori pure graft system). Patients with benign indications were followed for 1 year and those with cancer were followed for 5 years according to regional guide lines with breast imaging. Results: Out of total 50 patients, 10 had benign diagnosis while 40 had breast cancer treatment. 30 patients had correction after breast conservation, 17 had revision of reconstruction (8 TRAM, 4 LD and 5 implant based reconstruction) while 3 had other procedures. 19/40 had history of breast irradiation as adjuvant treatment after surgery for breast cancer. Median age was 52 years with range 18–72 years. ADRC enriched fat grafting was done in 40 cases and pure graft in10 patients. Graft volume injected was 80–420 mls (average 247 mls). 90% patients are satisfied with outcome of surgery with good to excellent cosmetic outcome. Only 4 patients had noticeable fat resorption, 3 underwent redo grafting. At average follow up of 21 months (1–48 months) no significant complications were seen, imaging showed fat necrosis in 3 and oil cyst in 1 patient though no one required biopsy. No patient developed local recurrence, although 4 subsequently found to have metastatic disease. Conclusion: We found it a useful, safe and effective technique for breast reconstruction with high patient satisfaction. We recommend a central database of all patients with this procedure to substantiate findings of this study and as recommended by Association of Breast Surgery (ABS) &amp; British Association of Plastic Reconstructive &amp; Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-17-09.
S100A12 Expression in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Is Associated With Increased Risk of Dissection and Perioperative Complications
Authors: Deepanjana Das, Joseph Gawdzik, Lisa Dellefave-Castillo, Elizabeth M. McNally, Aliya Husain, Jai Raman, Marion A. Hofmann Bowman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Absolute timing of mental activities
Authors: Gerald S. Wasserman, King-Leung Kong
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1979)

Abstract A new tool that may measure certain absolute temporal properties of information processing in intact organisms is suggested by. investigations of temporal summation in single nerve cells. Two findings have led to this suggestion: One, the form of the temporal summation function (relating the intensity and duration required to evoke a criterion neural signal) depends on the analysis used by the investigator. Corresponding form variations occur in behavioral studies when the observer's task is varied. Two, the critical durations of fixed neural signals depend on the latency of the feature of the signal chosen as criterion; early features yield short critical durations and vice versa. The critical duration also varies in behavioral studies if one varies the observer's task, keeping the stimulus ensemble fixed. These data lead to two inferences: One, the form of a behavioral temporal-summation function expresses the kind of hidden mental analysis mediating that behavior. Two, a behavioral critical duration is an indicator of the absolute timing of the hidden mental analysis mediating that behavior.
Vitamin <scp>A</scp> supplementation and <scp>BCG</scp> vaccination at birth may affect atopy in childhood: long‐term follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: N. Kiraly, C. S. Benn, S. Biering‐Sørensen, A. Rodrigues, K. J. Jensen, H. Ravn, K. J. Allen, P. Aaby
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Recent evidence suggests that immunogenic interventions such as vaccines and micronutrients may affect atopic sensitization and atopic disease. We aimed to determine whether neonatal BCG vaccination, vitamin A supplementation and other vaccinations affect atopy in childhood. Methods In Guinea–Bissau, low‐birthweight infants were randomized to early (intervention) or delayed (usual policy) BCG . A subgroup was also randomly assigned vitamin A supplementation or placebo in a two‐by‐two factorial design. Participants were followed up at age 3–9 years. The main outcome was atopy defined as skin prick test reaction ≥3 mm. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of eczema, asthma and food allergy. Results Two hundred eighty‐one children had valid skin prick tests performed, and 14% (39/281) were atopic. There was no significant difference in atopy between the early and delayed BCG groups ( OR , 0.71; 95% CI , 0.34–1.47). Atopy was significantly reduced in children who had responded to BCG with a scar ( OR , 0.42; 0.19–0.94). Vitamin A supplementation was associated with increased atopy ( OR , 2.88; 1.26–6.58), especially in those who received simultaneous BCG (5.99; 1.99–18.1, P = 0.09 for interaction between vitamin A supplementation and BCG ). Early vs delayed BCG was not associated with symptoms of atopic disease, but vitamin A supplementation increased odds of wheeze within the past 12 months ( OR , 2.45; 1.20–4.96). Conclusions There were no statistically significant effects of early vs delayed BCG on atopy or symptoms of atopic disease. Having a BCG scar was associated with reduced atopy, whereas neonatal vitamin A supplementation was associated with increased atopy. Study Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 01420705.
Presence of autonomic neuropathy is a poor prognostic indicator in patients with advanced liver disease
Authors: J F Fleckenstein, S M Frank, P J Thuluvath
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Autonomic neuropathy (AN) is seen in both alcohol-induced and non-alcohol-induced liver disease, and when present is an independent predictor of mortality. We postulated that patients who were awaiting liver transplantation are likely to have a high prevalence of autonomic neuropathy with an associated increase in mortality. To test our hypothesis, we evaluated the presence of autonomic neuropathy using a battery of tests in 33 patients awaiting liver transplantation and prospectively followed them to determine their prognosis. Twenty-two of 33 (67%) patients with liver disease had evidence of autonomic neuropathy; of these, 12 (36%) had evidence of definite and 10 (31%) had early autonomic neuropathy. The prevalence of AN was similar in alcohol-induced and non-alcohol-induced liver disease. Using Child-Pugh classification, 14.3% Child A, 31.3% Child B, and 60% Child C had definite autonomic neuropathy. Six patients died during a median observation period of 10 months, and all had AN. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly higher mortality (P=.05) in patients with AN. On the basis of this observation, we suggest that consideration should be given for early liver transplantation in patients with advanced liver disease and autonomic neuropathy.
Modulation of keratocyte phenotype by collagen fibril nanoarchitecture in membranes for corneal repair
Authors: Qiongyu Guo, Jude M. Phillip, Shoumyo Majumdar, Pei-Hsun Wu, Jiansu Chen, Xiomara Calderón-Colón, Oliver Schein, Barbara J. Smith, Morgana M. Trexler, Denis Wirtz, Jennifer H. Elisseeff
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Cushing's Disease: A Hypothalamic Flush?
Authors: Jerome M. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

IN 1969 Liddle and Shute divided the historical evolution of Cushing's syndrome as a clinical entity into four phases.1 During the first phase, Harvey Cushing described the syndrome in patients with basophilic pituitary adenomas. During the second phase, the syndrome was correctly attributed to hypercortisolism. During the third phase, the three basic causes of hypercortisolism were described: 59 per cent of cases are due to excessive secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland (Cushing's disease); 25 per cent are due to autonomous secretion of cortisol by an adrenocortical neoplasm; and 16 per cent are due to hypersecretion of cortisol in . . .
Roles of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in the mechanism for ethanol-induced vasoconstriction in rat liver.
Authors: M Oshita, Y Takei, S Kawano, H Yoshihara, T Hijioka, H Fukui, M Goto, E Masuda, Y Nishimura, H Fusamoto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

This study was designed to investigate the mechanism for ethanol-induced hepatic vasoconstriction in isolated perfused rat liver. Upon initiation of ethanol infusion into the portal vein at concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 mM, portal pressure began to increase in a concentration-dependent manner and reached maximal levels in 2-5 min (initial phase), followed by a gradual decrease over the period of ethanol infusion (escape phenomenon). Endothelin-1 antiserum significantly inhibited this ethanol-induced hepatic vasoconstriction by 45-80%. Cessation of infusion of endothelin-1 antiserum was followed by a subsequent increase in portal pressure. On the other hand, when a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), was infused into the portal vein simultaneously with ethanol, the initial phase of the response of portal pressure to ethanol was not altered and the peak values of portal pressure remained unchanged. However, after the peak increase in portal pressure, the rate of decrease was less than in the absence of L-NMMA. Thus, L-NMMA diminished the escape phenomenon and sustained the vasoconstriction. This study supports the hypothesis that two endothelium-derived vasoactive factors, endothelin-1 and nitric oxide, regulate hepatic vascular tone in the presence of ethanol.
Clinical and Serologic Studies of an Outbreak of Rubella in a Vaccinated Population
Authors: Te-Wen Chang, Suzanne DesRosiers, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

HUMAN studies of several vaccines prepared from attenuated rubella virus have indicated their immunogenicity, noncommunicability and relative lack of untoward effects in children. Because a decrease or total loss of immunizing capacity has been noted with increase in the number of tissue-culture transfers carried out during attenuation,1,2 all the viruses now employed as vaccines have been carried through only a limited number of passages. Despite this, these preparations are not as antigenically active as the parent strains. Complement-fixing (CF) antibody rarely develops after their use, and hemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) and neutralizing-antibody titers are much lower than those that result from naturally . . .
78 The HCV NS3 protease inhibitor SCH 503034 in combination with PEG-IFNα-2b in the treatment of HCV-1 PEG-IFNα-2b non-responders: Antiviral activity and HCV variant analysis
Authors: S. Zeuzem, C. Sarrazin, F. Wagner, R. Rouzier, N. Forestier, S. Gupta, M. Hussain, A. Shah, D. Cutler, J. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
PWE-128 Review of SeHCAT use at St. George's 2005–2010: an underutilised investigation?
Authors: R Holmes, J O Hayat, A Irwin, S Heenan, J-Y Kang, A Poullis
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) is a frequently overlooked but easily treatable cause of chronic diarrhoea. The SeHCAT study is a simple non-invasive technique for diagnosing this condition. Three types of BAM are described. Type 1 is seen in patients with terminal ileal disease/resection or bypass. Type 2, known as primary or idiopathic BAM, is characterised by lack of discernable change in ileal histology or obvious clinical history or pathology to account for the malabsorption. Type 3 comprises all other causes of BAM including gastric surgery, pancreatitis, cholecystectomy or associated with microscopic colitis, coeliac disease, diabetes and small bowel bacterial overgrowth. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective review of all SeHCAT studies performed between 2005 and 2010 at St George9s Hospital. <h3>Results</h3> Between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010 55 SeHCAT studies were performed. Basic details were available on all 55, however only 44 sets of notes were available. 36 (65%) patients were female and 19 were male. Age ranged from 19 to 77 years old. 62% of studies were abnormal showing &lt;15% retention at 7 days. Of these 11 (32%) demonstrated mild BAM, 8 (24%) moderate BAM and 15 (44%) severe BAM. Of the 34 patients with BAM 28 sets of notes were available. 10 (36%) had Type 1, 8 (29%) had Type 2 and 10 (36%) had Type 3 BAM. In those with proven BAM 46% underwent a trial of bile acid sequestrant (BAS). 88% of patients with follow-up details had good resolution of their symptoms. Response rates to treatment ranged between 60 and 100%. Six of the 10 type 1 BAM subjects had a trial of BAS; follow-up details are only available on 3, 2 of whom had noticed an improvement in symptoms (66%). Six of the 8 type 2 BAM subjects had a BAS, follow-up details are available on 5, 3 of whom had improvement of their symptoms (60%). Four of the 10 type 3 BAM subjects had a BAS, at follow-up details are only available on three all of whom had a good response (100%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> As chronic diarrhoea is a common reason for GI referral, the small number of studies performed over a 5-year period suggests that SeHCAT is probably underused and bile acid malabsorption under diagnosed. As bile acid sequestrants provide good symptomatic relief, bile acid malabsorption is a useful diagnosis to make. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Compartmentalized immune response reflects clinical severity of beryllium disease.
Authors: L S Newman, C Bobka, B Schumacher, E Daniloff, B Zhen, M M Mroz, T E King
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Although beryllium disease has been associated with a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytosis and T cell-mediated immune response, we do not know if either the BAL cellular profile or the compartmentalized pulmonary response to the antigen reflect the severity of the disease. We studied 110 subjects divided into three groups of subjects: beryllium disease patients (n = 55), beryllium-sensitized patients without disease (n = 8), and control subjects (n = 47). Evaluation included completion of a respiratory symptom questionnaire, clinical examination, chest radiograph, spirometry, body plethysmographic lung volumes, and diffusing capacity (DLCO). In the patient groups, we performed maximal exercise testing with an indwelling arterial line. In addition, we examined BAL and performed blood and BAL beryllium lymphocyte transformation tests (BeLT) as measures of the beryllium-specific T cell-mediated response in these two compartments. In beryllium disease patients we correlated the BAL cellular constituents with clinical parameters indicative of disease severity. Beryllium disease patients exhibited elevated numbers of white cells and lymphocytes in BAL compared with both other groups; however, this lymphocytic alveolitis was significantly obscured in smokers. The BAL cellular constituents correlated with BAL BeLT but not with the blood BeLT. BAL cellular constituents also correlated with the radiographic profusion of small opacities, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, maximal achievable work load, VO2max, and measures of gas exchange at rest and at maximum exercise. We conclude that the lymphocyte-predominant pulmonary inflammatory response in beryllium disease is related to the magnitude of the localized response to antigen and that BAL cellularity, differential cell count, and BeLT reflect beryllium disease clinical severity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Further Ethics Resources
Authors: Doris M. Goldstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 April 1995Further Ethics ResourcesDoris M. GoldsteinDoris M. GoldsteinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent annotated medical ethics bibliography by Dunn and colleagues [1] provides many useful literature citations but is unfortunately brief. Another resource helpful to physicians is the National Reference Center for Bioethics Literature at Georgetown University's Kennedy Institute of Ethics. Physicians may call (toll-free, 1-800-MED-ETHX) to contact the National Reference Center for free individual searches of BIOETHICSLINE, the online database prepared for MEDLARS by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. A recent caller to this line requested a search for articles about assent to advance directives for young patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a topic not ...REFERENCE1. Dunn PM, Gallagher TH, Hodges MO, Prendergast TJ, Rubenfeld GD, Tolle SW, et al. Medical ethics: an annotated bibliography. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:627-32. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Doris M. Goldstein PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1995Volume 122, Issue 7Page: 557KeywordsAIDSBioethicsGene therapyGenetic testingHealth care providersLibrariesLiving willsMedical ethicsNeonatal careSuicide ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Vasopressin receptor blockade in patients with congestive heart failure: results from a placebo controlled, randomized study comparing the effects of tolvaptan, furosemide, and their combination
Authors: James E. Udelson, Cesare Orlandi, Terrence O'Brien, Rafael Sequeira, John Ouyang, Marvin A. Konstam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Influence of physical exercise on coronary collateral blood flow in chronic experimental two-vessel occlusion.
Authors: W Schaper
Journal: Circulation (1982)

In 45 approximately 1-year-old purebred German shepherd dogs, the left circumflex and the right coronary arteries were chronically occluded by implantation of slowly swelling ameroid constrictors. Before the operation, 27 dogs were trained on a treadmill until they could run 8 mph on a 22% incline for 1 hour, 5 days per week. Two weeks after the operation, exercise was gradually resumed and continued for 4 weeks, until the preoperative fitness level had been regained. Preoperative exercise training lasted 1-3 months; postoperative training lasted 100 +/- 22 days (mean +/- SD). After the dogs had trained with two chronically occluded coronary arteries, collateral and coronary blood flows were measured with tracer microspheres at maximal coronary vasodilation (adenosine infusion) in an isolated, blood-perfused Langendorff preparation at perfusion pressures of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 mm Hg. Eighteen nonexercising dogs that also had two-vessel coronary occlusion served as controls. Nine controls and nine exercising dogs were paired littermates. Exercise of relatively high intensity (heart rates greater than 200 beats/min) before and after occlusion had no effect on coronary collaterals. Collateral conductance in trained and untrained dogs reached only slightly less than 40% of that of the replaced coronary artery. This result agrees well with earlier results in a group of nonexercising dogs with chronic two-vessel occlusion studied in an identical way. Two-vessel occlusion was associated with a 25% mortality rate. All dogs died instantaneously without warning symptoms of ventricular fibrillation. Exercise had no influence on mortality.
High resolution cortical bone thickness measurement from clinical CT data
Authors: G.M. Treece, A.H. Gee, P.M. Mayhew, K.E.S. Poole
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2010)

The distribution of cortical bone in the proximal femur is believed to be a critical component in determining fracture resistance. Current CT technology is limited in its ability to measure cortical thickness, especially in the sub-millimetre range which lies within the point spread function of today's clinical scanners. In this paper, we present a novel technique that is capable of producing unbiased thickness estimates down to 0.3 mm. The technique relies on a mathematical model of the anatomy and the imaging system, which is fitted to the data at a large number of sites around the proximal femur, producing around 17,000 independent thickness estimates per specimen. In a series of experiments on 16 cadaveric femurs, estimation errors were measured as −0.01 ± 0.58 mm (mean ± 1 std.dev.) for cortical thicknesses in the range 0.3–4 mm. This compares with 0.25 ± 0.69 mm for simple thresholding and 0.90 ± 0.92 mm for a variant of the 50% relative threshold method. In the clinically relevant sub-millimetre range, thresholding increasingly fails to detect the cortex at all, whereas the new technique continues to perform well. The many cortical thickness estimates can be displayed as a colour map painted onto the femoral surface. Computation of the surfaces and colour maps is largely automatic, requiring around 15 min on a modest laptop computer.