tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of smoking on long term patency of arteriovenous fistulas.
Authors: P J Griffin, F Davies, J R Salaman, G A Coles
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Irrespective of the cause of the observed differences in serum creatinine concentrations between the study patients and controls, the serum creatinine concentration should clearly be interpreted with caution in patients with rheumatic diseases.Perhaps lower normal or reference values should be used in such patients and in other patients with atrophic muscles.1 Brochner-Mortensen J.A simple method for the determination of glomerular filtration rate.
Another Novel Oral Anticoagulant Matches Warfarin
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Divergent effects of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, -2, or -3 overexpression on rat vascular smooth muscle cell invasion, proliferation, and death in vitro. TIMP-3 promotes apoptosis.
Authors: A H Baker, A B Zaltsman, S J George, A C Newby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are a family of closely related secreted proteins that limit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and also have direct effects on cell growth. We used the highly efficient adenoviral delivery system to overexpress individual TIMPs from the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Overexpression of TIMP-1, -2, or -3, or a synthetic MMP inhibitor similarly inhibited SMC chemotaxis and invasion through reconstituted basement membrane. TIMP-1 overexpression did not effect cell proliferation. By contrast, TIMP-2 caused a dose-dependent reduction in proliferation, an effect not mimicked by a synthetic MMP inhibitor. TIMP-3 overexpression induced DNA synthesis, and promoted SMC death by apoptosis, a phenotype reproduced by adding TIMP-3 to uninfected cells, but not by a synthetic MMP inhibitor. Our study is the first to compare systematically the effect of overexpression of three TIMPs in any cell. We found similar effects on invasion mediated by inhibition of MMP activity, but widely divergent effects on proliferation and death through actions of TIMP-2 and -3 independent of MMP inhibition. These findings have important implications for the physiological roles of TIMPs and their use in gene therapy.
Positive impact of maintaining minimal caloric intake above 1.0 × basal energy expenditure on the nutritional status of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Shigeo Fuji, Sung‐Won Kim, Takahiro Fukuda, Shigemi Kamiya, Setsuko Kuwahara, Yoichi Takaue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

D-Dimer for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism in childrenTo the Editor: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including both deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children.Although there is heightened awareness of this disease and its risk factors in children, there has been minimal evaluation of diagnostic tests (clinical prediction models, imaging modalities, and D-dimer assays) in children compared with adults [1].ELISA-based D-dimer assays have excellent sensitivity for the diagnosis of VTE in adults and this may permit the exclusion of VTE [2].However, the utility of D-dimer assays for VTE in children has not been evaluated.We performed a retrospective chart review of patients 21 years of age at Johns Hopkins Hospital with suspected VTE, imaging studies, and quantitative D-dimer.We used a discharge and billing database to identify patients and extracted information on potential risk factors, clinical findings, laboratory and imaging studies, and treatment.D-dimer was measured with an immunoturbidimetric assay on a Blood Coagulation System (BCS) analyzer (Advanced D-dimer; Dade-Behring) as per the manufacturer's specifications.We identified 33 patients (20 male and 13 female) with diagnostic imaging studies and measurement of D-dimer within 72 hr.Twenty-six had acute VTE (15 DVT, 3 PE, and 8 both], six with unchanged chronic VTE (5 DVT and 1 PE), and one without VTE (suspected PE).Most patients had multiple acquired risk factors for VTE with central venous catheters (54%), infections (40%), and immobility (42%) most frequent.D-dimer was significantly elevated in children with VTE (median 5.0, IQR 2.05-16.44)compared with children with negative evaluations for acute VTE (median 1.58, IQR 1.46-3.11,P 5 0.01) and pediatric controls [(median 1.2, IQR 0.8-1.5,P 5 0.0001) Fig. 1].There was minimal overlap between the groups with and without acute VTE.The normal range of D-dimer was similar in healthy adults (>40 years old, 0.43-2.24mg/L) and children (2-12 years old, 0.4-2.27mg/L).We found that the D-dimer test was sensitive but only moderately specific for the diagnosis of VTE in children, and that the performance varied with the chosen cut-off.This assay is approved for the diagnosis of VTE in adults; the cut-off is 1.
Environmental organochlorine exposure as a potential etiologic factor in breast cancer.
Authors: M S Wolff, P G Toniolo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Known risk factors for breast cancer do not account for a significant proportion of the overall incidence. Reproductive factors and endogenous hormones are thought to be responsible for a large component of risk. An environmental contribution has been sought in the past to explain the international trends in breast cancer rates and changes in risk among migrating populations. Recently, environmental research has turned to investigation of exogenous chemical exposures, including environmental contamination, as potential risk factors that may arise from the hormonal activity or from the carcinogenicity of many of these chemicals. Several reports since 1991 suggest that organochlorines may be a risk factor for breast cancer. The data are strongest for DDT. For PCBs, the results to date have been equivocal if not entirely negative. However, different groups of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners are known to provoke biological responses that are structure specific. A wide divergence of estrogenic response, cytochrome P450 activity, and biological half-life exists within these groups of PCB congeners. Therefore, understanding breast cancer risk from PCB exposure requires attention to congener structures in complex mixtures and to temporal changes in exposure. Investigation of environmental contributions to breast cancer risk offers the potential for understanding more about the etiology of this complex disease and may also provide opportunities for prevention of the most common cancer among women in the United States.
Dermal toxicity: alternative methods for risk assessment.
Authors: A M Goldberg, H I Maibach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Conceptually, irritant contact dermatitis (irritation) and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in man should provide the ideal platforms to launch in vitro toxicology into the pantheon of in vitro testing assays. In theory, irritant dermatitis has been considered by most a simple area of cutaneous biology, whereas ACD is a complex area of biology. However, both result in responses that are reasonably stereotypical and well characterized. The biology of the underlying mechanisms is becoming characterized and will thus allow development of mechanistically based in vitro assays that will be scientifically validated and thus acceptable to regulatory agencies.
Concurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: report of 11 cases.
Authors: M G Cohen, J Webb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

The concurrence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported infrequently. Eleven patients are described here with both RA and SLE, in whom the diagnoses were separated by one to 24 years. Because of the difficulty in diagnosing RA occurring subsequent to SLE, only patients with classical RA as their initial diagnosis were included. Further difficulties arise because arthritis is common to both diseases and may be deforming in SLE, antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are not uncommon in RA, and rheumatoid factor (RF) may be seen in SLE. Nonetheless, judicious application of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria allows both diagnoses to be made in the individual patient. In our patients there was erosive arthritis in nine, rheumatoid nodules in five, and urinary abnormalities in 10. Serological evidence of RA and SLE with positive RF and ANA and raised DNA antibodies was universal, all patients had haematological evidence of SLE, and all but one decreased serum complement levels. These cases suggest that the concurrence of RA and SLE is not as rare as previously considered and may occur more often than expected by chance alone.
Milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis: an unusual dermatosis associated with Down syndrome
Authors: C. SCHEPIS, M. SIRAGUSA, R. PALAZZO, D. BATOLO, C. ROMANO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We describe two boys affected by Down syndrome (DS), who showed milia-like idiopathic calcinosis cutis (MICC). The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. All reported cases are reviewed and compared. Syringeal structures play a significant part in the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. MICC appears to be a poorly recognized condition which, rarely, is associated with DS.
Cataracts in Patients Treated with Triparanol
Authors: Robert C Laughlin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

FOR SEVERAL YEARS there has been a widespread interest in blood cholesterol levels and their relationship to arterial disease. Consequently, there has been extensive use of anticholesterol agents. One of these, triparanol (Mer-29), lowers blood cholesterol by inhibiting biosynthesis of cholesterol in the body. The purpose of this paper is to report 2 cases of cataracts developing bilaterally and rather rapidly in patients who had been taking triparanol but who had discontinued the drug a short time before the cataracts appeared. Since both cases seemed to be directly related to triparanol therapy it was thought advisable to bring this possible complication to the attention of the medical profession. A letter distributed by the manufacturer (the Wm. S. Merrell Company, Lockland Station, Cincinnati) on Dec. 1, 1961, stated: "Four cases of cataracts in humans are reported in patients who had received Mer-29." To our knowledge no cases have been reported in
Scytalidium hyalinum infection of skin and nails
Authors: SANDRA PEIRIS, MARY K. MOORE, R.H. MARTEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Five cases of skin and nail infection associated with Seytalidium hyalinum are described. The lesions were confined to the hands, feet and toenails. All the patients were from the West Indies and were of Negroid descent. Scytalidium hyalinum was the only fungus isolated on repeated culture from three patients, while the remaining two patients had mixed infections, one with Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale and the other with Hendersonula toruloidea.
Trauma Systems
Authors: John G. West, Michael J. Williams, Donald D. Trunkey, Charles C. Wolferth
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The national status of regional trauma system development was evaluated by a survey sent to all state emergency medical services directors and state chairpersons of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Eight essential components of a regional trauma system based on criteria set forth by the American College of Surgeons were listed. Only two states were found to have all components and statewide coverage. Nineteen states and the District of Columbia lacked one or more components of a regional trauma system. The remaining 29 states had yet to initiate the process of trauma center designation. In response to these shortcomings, an attempt was made to define the barriers to trauma system implementation and a step-by-step process was outlined for the development, management, and analysis of a comprehensive system of trauma care.  ( JAMA 1988;259:3597-3600)
Abolition of strategic health authorities threatens screening of newborns, expert says
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Health and Social Care Bill could put infants at risk by weakening the regulation of paediatric screening.

This warning comes from Dr David Elliman, consultant in community child health, strategic co-director of the newborn blood spot screening programme and clinical lead of the newborn and infant physical examination programme. Dr Elliman expressed his concerns at a meeting of the Royal Society of Medicine’s paediatrics and child health section in London.

Because the bill seeks to abolish Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs), which currently oversee screening programmes, Dr Elliman fears that infants will be put at risk because there will be no provision for …
Functional Characteristics of the Left Ventricle in Heart Disease
Authors: HAROLD T. DODGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Angiocardiographic methods for determining left ventricular volume, volume changes, and mass have been applied to further define the functional characteristics of the left ventricle in heart disease. These observations combined with measurement of left ventricular pressure have made it possible to determine the pressure-volume characteristics of the left ventricle, pressure-volume work, power, and wall forces. Approximately two thirds of the end-diastolic volume is ejected from the normal left ventricle and from the ventricle functioning under volume or pressure overloads with chronic heart disease. Pressure and volume overloads are associated with an increased ventricular mass that is proportionate to stroke work. Ventricular dilation in chronic heart disease is associated with an increased ventricular mass. The left ventricle with myocardial disease has an enlarged end-diastolic volume, reduced systolic ejection fraction, and a disproportionate increase of left ventricular weight relative to stroke work.
Do sensorimotor processes have reflexes in sentence syntax as well as sentence semantics?
Authors: Alistair Knott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Predicate logic has proved a very useful tool for the expression of theories of natural language semantics. Hurford's suggestion that predicate-argument structures mirror certain properties of the human sensorimotor architecture can be seen as an explanation of why this is so. Although I support this view, I think that the correspondences that Hurford draws between linguistic and sensorimotor structures not only involve natural language semantics, but include some elements of natural language syntax as well.
Valproic Acid Therapy in Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: David L. Coulter
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Valproic acid, used alone or in combination with other anticonvulsants in 100 children with epilepsy, improved seizure control in all age groups. Mean improvement in seizure control was 82%. Petit mal seizures responded best, but other types of seizures, even with associated mental and physical handicaps, also responded well. A substantial improvement in alertness and behavior often occurred. Leukopenia (27%) and an elevated SGOT value (44%) were frequent but transient. Other side effects included alopecia (1), gastrointestinal distress with vomiting (7), pancreatitis (1), thrombocytopenia (1), edema (2), and coma (2). Three severely retarded children with frequent seizures died while receiving valproic acid, but it is not clear that death was caused by valproic acid. Children must be monitored carefully for potential toxic effects, and drug interactions with other anticonvulsants may cause problems in treatment.
Studies of renal injury. II. Activation of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) gene and glycolysis in LLC-PK1 cells under Ca2+ stress.
Authors: J H Dominguez, B Song, S Liu-Chen, M Qulali, R Howard, C H Lee, J McAteer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Injury to the renal proximal tubule is common and may be followed by either recovery or cell death. The survival of injured cells is supported by a transient change in cellular metabolism that maintains life even when oxygen tension is reduced. This adaptive process involves the activation of the gene encoding the glucose transporter GLUT1, which is essential to maintain the high rates of glucose influx demanded by glycolysis. We hypothesized that after cell injury increases of cell Ca2+ (Ca2+i) initiate the flow of information that culminates with the upregulation of the stress response gene GLUT1. We found that elevations of Ca2+i caused by the calcium ionophore A23187 activated the expression of the GLUT1 gene in LLC-PK1 cells. The stimulatory effect of Ca2+i on GLUT1 gene expression was, at least in part, transcriptional and resulted in higher levels of GLUT1 mRNA, cognate protein, cellular hexose transport activity, glucose consumption, and lactate production. This response was vital to the renal cells, as its interruption severely increased Ca2+-induced cytotoxicity and cell mortality. We propose that increases of Ca2+i initiate stress responses, represented in part by activation of the GLUT1 gene, and that disruption to the flow of information originating from Ca2+-induced stress, or to the coordinated expression of the stress response, prevents cell recovery after injury and may be an important cause of permanent renal cell injury and cell death.
Unilateral ureteral obstruction. A caue of reversible high renin content hypertension
Authors: N. J. Nemoy
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A patient with unilateral ureteral obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction had hypertension of one year's duration. Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system was documented by means of renal vein renin concentrations. Following relief of the obstruction, the patient became normotensive and has remained so for the last two years.
Medical testing and health insurance.
Authors: C. R. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

and a morbidity no greater than that for elective cholecystectomy.15-2' Additional benefits include the prevention of recur- rent attacks of acute cholecystitis, which occur in 10-25% of patients, and the need for only one admission to hospital.Furthermore, a 10th of patients do not come back for late elective cholecystectomy and continue at risk of further trouble from their gall stones.Hence early urgent chole- cystectomy during the first week has been adopted as the best treatment for acute cholecystitis.Lithotripsy may alter these recommendations in due course,22 but cholecystectomy looks as though it will remain an important operation well into its second century.
Activation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Pathway by AAV Gene Transfer Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Glaucoma
Authors: Yu Zhou, Vincent Pernet, William W. Hauswirth, Adriana Di Polo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Loss of vision in glaucomatous optic neuropathy is caused by the selective degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Ocular hypertension is a major risk factor in glaucoma, but visual field defects continue to progress in some patients despite the use of drugs that lower intraocular pressure. At present, there are no effective neuroprotective strategies for the treatment of this disease. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by several peptide factors to promote cell survival. Here we tested if selective activation of Erk1/2 protected RGCs in a rat model of experimental glaucoma. We used recombinant adeno-associated virus to transduce RGCs with genes encoding constitutively active or wild-type MEK1 (approved gene symbol MAP2K1), the upstream activator of Erk1/2. MEK1 gene transfer into RGCs markedly increased neuronal survival: 1366 ± 70 RGCs/mm2 (mean ± SEM) were alive in the dorsal retina at 5 weeks after ocular hypertension surgery, a time when only 680 ± 86 RGCs/mm2 of these neurons remained in control eyes. We conclude that the Erk1/2 pathway plays a key role in the protection of RGCs from ocular hypertensive damage. This study identifies a novel gene therapy strategy in which selective activation of the Erk1/2 signaling pathway effectively slows cell death in glaucoma.
Detection of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like human papillomavirus types in malignant and premalignant skin lesions of renal transplant recipients
Authors: L.M. TIEBEN, R.J. MBERKHOUT, H.L. SMITS, J.N. BOUWES BAVINCK, B.J. VERMEER, J.A. BRUIJN, F.J. WOUDE, J.TER SCHEGGET
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

To evaluate the putative role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the development of skin cancer in renal transplant recipients, a series of skin biopsies from premalignant and malignant skin lesions was analysed using the polymerase chain reaction. Four different consensus primer pairs were used. HPV DNA was detected in five of 24 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, in one of three cases of Bowen's disease, in none of four basal cell carcinomas, in two of seven cases of actinic keratosis and in one of five cases of keratoacanthoma. Typing by direct sequencing of the amplified HPV DNA was possible in seven of nine cases, and revealed epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV)‐associated HPV types, or HPV types related to EV‐associated types. Hence, HPV DNA could be detected in a significant proportion of (pre)malignant skin tumours in renal transplant recipients. The finding that some of the detected HPV types were as yet uncharacterized EV‐related types, suggests that HPV DNA could be present in a higher percentage of lesions, and might be detected with refinement of the techniques.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type IV mimicking non-accidental injury in a child
Authors: D.L.L. ROBERTS, F.M. POPE, A.C. NICHOLLS, P. NARCISI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

This case report describes a child in whom non-accidental injury was initially suspected, but who was later shown to have autosomal dominant Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV. Her mother and brother were also type III collagen deficient. This syndrome may be commoner than the small number of reported cases suggested and may sometimes explain previously undiagnosed easy bruising. The importance of recognizing this syndrome is stressed as it may save a great deal of embarrassment, frustration and anger for the family wrongly suspected of causing injury to their child.