tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth Weight Is a Significant Risk Factor for Incident Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David Conen, Usha B. Tedrow, Nancy R. Cook, Julie E. Buring, Christine M. Albert
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Few if any studies have assessed the relationship between birth weight and incident atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results— From 1993 to 2009, we prospectively followed 27 982 women who were &gt;45 years of age and free of cardiovascular disease and AF at baseline. Information on birth weight was categorized into 5 different categories: &lt;2.5, 2.5 to 3.2, 3.2 to 3.9, 3.9 to 4.5, and &gt;4.5 kg. The primary outcome was time to incident AF. During 14.5 years of follow-up, 735 AF events occurred. Age-adjusted incidence rates for incident AF from the lowest to the highest birth weight category were 1.45, 1.82, 1.88, 2.57, and 2.55 events per 1000 person-years of follow-up. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios for incident AF across increasing birth weight categories were 1.0, 1.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.96 to 1.75), 1.28 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.69), 1.70 (95% CI, 1.23 to 2.37), and 1.71 (95% CI, 1.12 to 2.61) ( P for linear trend=0.002). Adding body mass index, blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus at study entry did not have a large effect on these estimates ( P for linear trend=0.004). In contrast, including height in the multivariable model substantially attenuated the relationship between birth weight and AF ( P for linear trend=0.17), and additional adjustment for maximum weight in young adulthood further attenuated this association (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio across birth weight categories, 1.0, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.94 to 1.71], 1.10 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.46], 1.41 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.96], and 1.29 [95% CI, 0.84 to 1.98]; P for linear trend=0.23). Conclusions— Birth weight is significantly associated with incident AF among women, suggesting that early life determinants may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AF. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00000479.
Does atopy protect against enteric infections?
Authors: P. N. Black
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Allergic sensitization to inhaled allergens and foods is common and is linked to the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. In view of the morbidity associated with these diseases it is not clear why the genetic predisposition to atopy is so common. Children who are atopic are less likely to develop oral tolerance to ingested foods and as a result are more likely to have manifestations of food allergy including wheezing, skin rashes and gastrointestinal symptoms. Oral tolerance also develops to micro‐organisms in the gastrointestinal tract. Children who are atopic may be protected against enteric infections in early childhood because they are less likely to be tolerant of these organisms. This may explain why individuals who are atopic are less likely to have evidence of previous infection with hepatitis A and other enteric organisms although they are just as likely to have been infected with respiratory pathogens.
Successful matrix guided tissue regeneration of decellularized pulmonary heart valve allografts in elderly sheep
Authors: Karolina Theodoridis, Igor Tudorache, Alexandru Calistru, Serghei Cebotari, Tanja Meyer, Samir Sarikouch, Christoph Bara, Ralph Brehm, Axel Haverich, Andres Hilfiker
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Hypertension, Angiotensin II, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: James R. Sowers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Renovascular hypertension is a potentially curable form of secondary hypertension generally due to either atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia of one or both renal arteries.1,2 The critical element promoting hypertension in this disorder is reduced arterial perfusion to one or both kidneys,1 leading to increased production of renin, which elevates circulating angiotensin II levels.1,2 The resultant high-renin hypertensive state is associated with moderate-to-severe elevation of blood pressure, with an attendant high risk of cardiovascular disease and progressive loss of renal function in the flow-deprived kidney.1 Treatment of renovascular hypertension with angioplasty, stenting, or surgery affords an opportunity to reduce . . .
Newborn baby is UK's youngest ever organ donor
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A newborn baby who lived for less than two hours became the youngest ever organ donor in the United Kingdom after a pioneering operation at University Hospital of Wales last year. Teddy’s kidneys and heart valves were successfully transplanted into adults.

The mother was 12 weeks into her pregnancy when she was told that one of the twin babies she was carrying had anencephaly and would not survive for more than a few hours. During the pregnancy she …
The Teaching of Medical Jurisprudence in New York.
Authors: Walter T. Dannreuther
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Jersey City, Aug. 28, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Aug. 25, 1906, page 586, you make the editorial statement that "The New York schools, Columbia, Bellevue and Cornell, make no mention of the subject whatever. Medical jurisprudence is not among the courses required by the New York Board of Regents." I call attention to the fact that Hon. Millard Bartlett of the appellate division of the Supreme Court delivers fifteen lectures each year at the Long Island College Hospital to the third year class.
Endoscopic Removal of Submucosal Tumors: Preprocedure Diagnosis, Technical Options, and Results
Authors: C. S. Shim, I. S. Jung
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Submucosal tumors (SMTs) of the gastrointestinal tract are uncommon and are usually found incidentally at endoscopy. When an SMT is encountered on upper endoscopy, the difficulty in formulating a management plan lies in the uncertainty as to the histopathologic nature of the tumor. Many techniques have been used in attempts to obtain adequate samples for tissue diagnosis, including endoscopic boring biopsy, biopsy after mucosal incision to expose the tumor, endoscopic submucosal tumorectomy, and biopsy after resection of the mucosa [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Unfortunately, these methods pose significant risks of hemorrhage and perforation. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) may be a useful adjunctive diagnostic technique. However, it does not always permit the differential diagnosis of various submucosal tumors to be made, and it cannot necessarily distinguish benign from malignant lesions.
Everyone has a race card
Authors: Nav Khera
Journal: BMJ (2007)

suicide riskBipolarity is important during treatment with antidepressants Rubino et al have identified that most (if not all) of the excess risk of suicide in a group of patients treated with venlafaxine could be explained by a higher burden of risk factors for suicide.It may be true that this group of patients had more severe or "difficult to treat" unipolar depression, but it is also possible that bipolar features in this group may be responsible for the observed raised rates of suicidality.Perhaps because of limitations of space, the authors do not discuss this as a possibility, despite an adjusted relative risk of completed suicide of 4.94 (95% confidence interval 1.30 to 18.84) for "past history of bipolar disorder" (table 3). 1 Recent work shows that at least 50% of difficult to treat unipolar depressed patients may have an undetected bipolar disorder, 2 and it is now well documented that antidepressant monotherapy for bipolar depression runs a high risk of precipitating hypomanic or mixed affective states, 3 which have been strongly associated with self harm and completed suicide. 4 It is also the case that venlafaxine seems more likely than other antidepressants to precipitate a switch into hypomania or mania in bipolar depression. 5Furthermore, many of the variables reported by Rubino et al could be considered to point towards high levels of bipolarity in the venlafaxine treated group, including higher rates of a family history of psychiatric disorder, more frequent prescription of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers, a history of non-response to several different antidepressants, and more frequent lifetime depressive episodes.
The long QT syndrome. Prospective longitudinal study of 328 families.
Authors: A J Moss, P J Schwartz, R S Crampton, D Tzivoni, E H Locati, J MacCluer, W J Hall, L Weitkamp, G M Vincent, A Garson
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an infrequently occurring familial disorder in which affected individuals have electrocardiographic QT interval prolongation and a propensity to ventricular tachyarrhythmic syncope and sudden death. We prospectively investigated the clinical characteristics and the long-term course of 3,343 individuals from 328 families in which one or more members were identified as affected with LQTS (QTc greater than 0.44 sec1/2). METHODS AND RESULTS The first member of a family to be identified with LQTS, the proband, was usually brought to medical attention because of a syncopal episode during childhood or teenage years. Probands (n = 328) were younger at first contact (age 21 +/- 15 years), more likely to be female (69%), and had a higher frequency of preenrollment syncope or cardiac arrest with resuscitation (80%), congenital deafness (7%), a resting heart rate less than 60 beats/min (31%), QTc greater than or equal to 0.50 sec1/2 (52%), and a history of ventricular tachyarrhythmia (47%) than other affected (n = 688) and unaffected (n = 1,004) family members. Arrhythmogenic syncope often occurred in association with acute physical, emotional, or auditory arousal. The syncopal episodes were frequently misinterpreted as a seizure disorder. By age 12 years, 50% of the probands had experienced at least one syncopal episode or death. The rates of postenrollment syncope (one or more episodes) and probable LQTS-related death (before age 50 years) for probands (n = 235; average follow-up 54 months per patient) were 5.0% per year and 0.9% per year, respectively; these event rates were considerably higher than those observed among affected and unaffected family members. CONCLUSIONS Among 232 probands and 1,264 family members with prospective follow-up, three factors made significant independent contributions to the risk of subsequent syncope or probable LQTS-related death before age 50 years, whichever occurred first (Cox hazard ratio; 95% confidence limits): 1) QTc (1.052; 1.017, 1.088), 2) history of cardiac event (3.1; 1.3, 7.2), and 3) heart rate (1.017; 1.004, 1.031). The findings from this prospective longitudinal study highlight the clinical features, risk factors, and course of LQTS.
EFFECT OF FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY ON ABSORPTION OF Co60-LABELED VITAMIN B12 BY RATS*
Authors: Jeng M. Hsu, Victor Tantengco, Bacon F. Chow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Deficiency of vitamin Bus but not of thiamine, riboflavin, or pantothenic acid brings about an impairment of the gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin B12-Co60 (1).Will and co-workers (2) recently reported a comprehensive study on the clinical and biochemical effects of vitamin Bl2, folic acid, and folinic acid in patients with pernicious anemia.The authors presented evidence suggesting that vitamin B12 influences folic acid metabolism by releasing folinic acid from its tissue conjugates, by facilitating the reduction of folic acid to folinic acid, or by promoting the formation of the N'0-formyl derivative of reduced folic acid.The above findings on the intimacy of the meta- bolic role of these two vitamins led us to this study on the influence of folic acid deficiency on absorption of Co6"-labeled vitamin B,2 by rats. EXPERIMENTAL METHODSYoung rats (6 to 8 weeks old), of both sexes of the McCollum strain, were used in this study.They were housed in individual screen-bottom cages in an air-condi- tioned room and offered food and water ad lib.The basal diet (Table I) contained 2 per cent sulfasuxidine and was adequate in all known nutrients except folic acid (diet BDF).In one experiment two groups of ani- mals were used.Group A was given intraperitoneal in- jections of an aqueous solution of aminopterin (10 jug per 0.25 ml water) three times per week in order to hasten the development of folic acid deficiency.The ani- mals in group B, used as controls, received the supple- ment of folic acid (30 ,ug per 0.25 ml water) by intra- peritoneal injection every other day.Other experiments differed from this only in that folic acid deficiency was induced solely by dietary deprivation and without the injection of its antagonist.For the purpose of testing the effect of sulfasuxidine on the absorption of vitamin B.., half of the animals in still another experiment were kept
Thyroid hormone–sympathetic interaction and adaptive thermogenesis are thyroid hormone receptor isoform–specific
Authors: Miriam O. Ribeiro, Suzy D. Carvalho, James J. Schultz, Grazia Chiellini, Thomas S. Scanlan, Antonio C. Bianco, Gregory A. Brent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

In newborns and small mammals, cold-induced adaptive (or nonshivering) thermogenesis is produced primarily in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Heat production is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, but it has an absolute requirement for thyroid hormone. We used the thyroid hormone receptor-β–selective (TR-β–selective) ligand, GC-1, to determine by a pharmacological approach whether adaptive thermogenesis was TR isoform–specific. Hypothyroid mice were treated for 10 days with varying doses of T3 or GC-1. The level of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), the key thermogenic protein in BAT, was restored by either T3 or GC-1 treatment. However, whereas interscapular BAT in T3-treated mice showed a 3.0°C elevation upon infusion of norepinephrine, indicating normal thermogenesis, the temperature did not increase (<0.5°C) in GC-1–treated mice. When exposed to cold (4°C), GC-1–treated mice also failed to maintain core body temperature and had reduced stimulation of BAT UCP1 mRNA, indicating impaired adrenergic responsiveness. Brown adipocytes isolated from hypothyroid mice replaced with T3, but not from those replaced with GC-1, had normal cAMP production in response to adrenergic stimulation in vitro. We conclude that two distinct thyroid-dependent pathways, stimulation of UCP1 and augmentation of adrenergic responsiveness, are mediated by different TR isoforms in the same tissue.
Placental diffusing capacities at varied carbon monoxide tensions.
Authors: J M Bissonnette, W K Wickham, W H Drummond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

To test the hypothesis that carbon monoxide transfer across the placenta is, in part, a facilitated process, we have looked for evidence of saturation kinetics for carbon monoxide. In eight pregnant ewes, fetal to maternal carbon monoxide transfer was examined in a preparation in which the fetal side of the placenta was perfused with blood. The carboxyhemoglobin concentrations on the fetal side of the placenta were varied from 4.8 to 70% in 23 measurements. At increased carbon monoxide tensions, the transfer from fetus to mother always decreased. The slope of log rate of carbon monoxide transfer vs. log partial pressure gradient across the placenta was significantly different from 1. Placental membrane diffusing capacity was calculated separately from total placental diffusing capacity which includes hemoglobin reaction rates and erythrocyte membrane diffusion. Placental membrane diffusing capacity decreased at increased carbon monoxide tensions. Placental permeability for urea did not change with increasing carbon monoxide tensions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that carbon monoxide diffusion in the placenta is, in part, carrier mediated.
Inhalation pharmacokinetics of isoprene in rats and mice.
Authors: H Peter, H J Wiegand, J G Filser, H M Bolt, R J Laib
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Studies on inhalation pharmacokinetics of isoprene were conducted in rats (Wistar) and mice (B6C3F1) to investigate possible species differences in metabolism of this compound. Pharmacokinetic analysis of isoprene inhaled by rats and mice revealed saturation kinetics of isoprene metabolism in both species. For rats and mice, linear pharmacokinetics apply at exposure concentrations below 300 ppm isoprene. Saturation of isoprene metabolism is practically complete at atmospheric concentrations of about 1000 ppm in rats and about 2000 ppm in mice. In the lower concentration range where first-order metabolism applies, metabolic clearance (related to the concentration in the atmosphere) of inhaled isoprene per kilogram body weight was 6200 mL/hr for rats and 12,000 mL/hr for mice. The estimated maximal metabolic elimination rates were 130 mumole/hr/kg for rats and 400 mumole/hr/kg for mice. This shows that the rate of isoprene metabolism in mice is about two or three times that in rats. When the untreated animals are kept in a closed all-glass exposure system, the exhalation of isoprene into the system can be measured. This shows that the isoprene endogenously produced by the animals is systemically available within the animal organism. From such experiments the endogenous production rate of isoprene was calculated to be 1.9 mumole/hr/kg for rats and 0.4 mumole/hr/kg for mice. Our data indicate that the endogenous production of isoprene should be accounted for when discussing a possible carcinogenic or mutagenic risk of this compound.
O136 A NOVEL, HYBRID RECOMBINANT AAV-piggyBac TRANSPOSON VECTOR PERMITS ROBUST LONG-TERM PHENOTYPE CORRECTION OF THE PROGRESSIVE FAMILIAL INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS TYPE 3 MOUSE MODEL IN VIVO
Authors: S.M. Siew, S.C. Cunningham, I.E. Alexander
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
A Comparative Evaluation of Marketed Analgesic Drugs
Authors: C. G. Moertel, D. L. Ahmann, W. F. Taylor, Neal Schwartau
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract In a double-blind crossover study of marketed drugs given by the oral route to relieve pain, aspirin (650 mg) was superior to all agents tested. Mefenamic acid (250 mg), pentazocine (50 mg), acetaminophen (650 mg), phenacetin (650 mg) and codeine (65 mg) also showed a significant advantage over a placebo. Propoxyphene (65 mg), ethoheptazine (75 mg) and promazine (25 mg) gave no significant evidence of therapeutic activity; and each of these agents was significantly inferior to aspirin in analgesic effect. Pentazocine (50 mg) produced sufficient gastrointestinal and Central-nervous-system side effects to make this agent of dubious value for ambulatory patients. All other drugs tested in this single dose study did not produce significantly greater side effects than a placebo.
Calcified Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Byron K Lee, J Edwin Atwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 70-year-old man with a history of a myocardial infarction, hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer, and chronic renal insufficiency presented with chest pain. Electrocardiography revealed atrial fibrillation and ST-segment elevation in the anterior leads; the ST-segment elevation was unchanged from an electrocardiogram obtained three years previously. Lateral chest radiography showed a calcified aneurysm in the anterior wall of the left ventricle, which can cause ST-segment elevation. Measurement of cardiac enzymes revealed no evidence of myocardial infarction. Osteoblastic lesions from metastatic prostate cancer in the patient's ribs and thoracic spine probably caused his chest pain. A subsequent computed tomographic scan of the . . .
Autosensitivity Diseases
Authors: John H. Vaughan, Eugene V. Barnett, John P. Leddy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

A NUMBER of clinical syndromes are now recognized in which there is immunologic hyperactivity and tissue damage without an obvious exogenous cause for the damage. The concept that immunologic factors are themselves the cause of the damage has been a natural development. Autoantibodies have been found in some of these conditions, and the term "autoimmune diseases" has been used to refer to the disorders. Many prefer the term "autosensitive" or "autoallergic," however, for two reasons: immunity in the classic sense is not involved; and the word "autosensitive" or "autoallergic" carries the important qualification that autoantibodies may represent only a liability . . .
Mr Guy's Hospital: 263 Not Out
Authors: M. G. Jacoby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The April 21 issue ofThe Journalsuggests that Guy's Hospital is 163 years old. In fact, the hospital was founded by Thomas Guy, who purchased land for the purpose from St Thomas' Hospital, in 1721. Guy had initially made his fortune as a bookseller and publisher of Bibles and compounded it by his investment in the South Sea Company (the South Sea Bubble). His publishing business still exists under the name of Longmans, Green &amp; Co. He died in 1724. Guy's Hospital first opened its doors to patients in 1726, and has therefore served the public for 263 years.<sup>2</sup>
FDA Questions Effectiveness of Measures to Reduce or Prevent Illness From Eating Imported Spices
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Analysis of Sentinel Node Involvement in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Daisaku Morita, Hitoshi Tsuda, Takashi Ichikura, Mikihiko Kimura, Shinsuke Aida, Shigeru Kosuda, Johji Inazawa, Hidetaka Mochizuki, Osamu Matsubara
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Maintenance therapy with pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care after induction therapy with pemetrexed plus cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (PARAMOUNT): a double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Luis Paz-Ares, Filippo de Marinis, Mircea Dediu, Michael Thomas, Jean-Louis Pujol, Paolo Bidoli, Olivier Molinier, Tarini Prasad Sahoo, Eckart Laack, Martin Reck, Jesús Corral, Symantha Melemed, William John, Nadia Chouaki, Annamaria H Zimmermann, Carla Visseren-Grul, Cesare Gridelli
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Points: Cysticercosis: a new hope
Authors: E Martinez-Vila
Journal: BMJ (1984)

November, p 1225) is apprehensive that the remarkably low figure of 4-1 perinatal deaths per 1000 (22 September, p 721) for planned home confinements will increase the demand for this service.There is no evidence as yet that planned home confinements are less safe than consultant booked deliveries.Although not conclusive, the published figures support a more liberal policy.1-4What is more important is that the number of unplanned, and often unattended, deliveries at home (perinatal mortality 67-5/1000 births) has remained constant over the years and may therefore have reached an irreducible minimum.In some areas of the country the domiciliary midwifery service has been dismantled.This must put this very high risk group at greater risk since there are no experienced midwives or doctors to attend these patients should they be called.' 1