tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on X RAYS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: M. Haudek
Journal: BMJ (1929)

HE vital statistics of ml-ost counitries show a steady decline in the birth rate and a colntemnporary increase in the average duration of life-in Germiaily alt ilicrease from the age of 38 to 57 yelars in the last decades.The decrease in the death rate is attributable to the progress of medicite, anid especially to tlle iitethoids adopted in grappling with the problems of infanitile mortality, tuberculosis, anid infectious diseases.Onie other fact staitds ouit clearlv from the statistics (in which in latter timies dise'ases dlle to 01(l age and debility greatly preponiderate as causes of death)iua mielh, that next to {ci(rd o-iOscihtr (tisreatse (cu11 ,C ((1c ((1.The war on cancer is tlherefore becominlg a prloblemii of ever-increasing importance to the niedical professioil.Of all fcitat cases of cancer, caiecer of the stotlich, is shoIvwn to be the conin mion1est.Its victinms constitute a percentage of the total caneer deatlhs which valuies in different countries from 35 to 40.Deathts fr om cancer of the intestine, utertis, oesop)lagtits, caid b)1rest naie far less commion.So that if we are to wacge effective war on cancer, tlheni early recognliti)i1 a.nd treat unemtt of c-ancer of the stomitachi i-c clearlx' inidicated as thle nmost proinosilifg line of attack.This is the reasoning whichl lhas appareittly lbeen followed by the Sectioni of Ra-diology anid Radio- therapeutics of the British Medical Associatioin iu selecting the early diagniosis of cancer of the stomach, andl tlhe relatiomi of x-rav exainmiatianm to that pioiileni, as th1e subject for (liscussioii at its fitst sessioni.SUCCESs ATTAINED UP TO THE PRESENT TIME IN RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCFR.We can best envisage the prosh)ects of success in the future by drawing upon the accumulated experience of the past; x rays hiave now beeit employe(e in the cliinical diagnlosis of gastric carciiioma for twenty years.Durilng that timiie xi-ray examiination has ini all counltries become so general a practice in diseases attended by gastric symptoms that its omission amounts to a professionial error.In miianiy thousands of cases gastr ic carcilioma has beeni correctly diagnosed by its aid, and a v-ei-v large number of patients have been submitted to radical operationi.The number of late laparotomies-that is, operatioins at whlicl incurable cancer was found-has decreasedl, as lias also the nui-mber of unnecessary laparotomies, made as a rezsalt of a xvroing (liagnosis of cancer.Exploratori, lal)arotomies, uindertaken to clear up the doubt as to thie )resemice of cancer, liave become, very rare, but were still of daily occurren-ce twenty years ago.And agaiin, o-n the questioli whether a gastric carcinioma is operable or niot the x rays can give importanit infoima- tion.This fulfils thle expectation wlhich I entertainied as ,zt the role of x rays in my paper, " Die Bedeutuniig (ler Mageiiradiologie fur die Chirurgie," published in coiljuiic- tion witlh Clairmont in 1911.i
Tandem high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in refractory/relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma: A monocenter prospective study
Authors: Luca Castagna, Massimo Magagnoli, Monica Balzarotti, Barbara Sarina, Licia Siracusano, Andrea Nozza, Elisabetta Todisco, Stefania Bramanti, Rita Mazza, Filippo Russo, Inna Timofeeva, Armando Santoro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract We designed a prospective study to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of tandem high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in the treatment of refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Thirty‐two patients were treated with salvage chemotherapy (IGEV, ifosfamide, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine) and chemo‐sensitive patients received a first HDCT course with melphalan 200 mg/m 2 (MEL200) and a second BEAM course. The median time interval between the two HDCT courses was 66 days. The median number of reinfused CD34 + cells was 4.7 x 10 6 /kg after MEL200 and 5.8 x 10 6 /kg after BEAM. The hematological reconstitution after both HDCT courses did not differ. No grade III or IV renal, hepatic, lung, cardiac, and neurological toxicity was observed. Severe (grade III and IV) oral mucositis was the most prominent complication affecting 60 and 50% of patients after MEL200 and BEAM, respectively. Fever of unknown origin occurred in 65 and 70% of patients after MEL200 and BEAM, respectively. One patient died from septic shock during the aplasia period following BEAM. In an intention‐to‐treat analysis, the overall response rate increased after each stage of protocol, ranging from 47% to 65% and 75% after IGEV, MEL200, and BEAM, respectively. Tandem HDCT is feasible and effective in patients with relapsed or refractory HL. Am. J. Hematol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Informed consent in clinical trials. Strengthen ethical committees' role.
Authors: N McIntosh
Journal: BMJ (1993)

this would be true for participation in clinical trials.Clinical trials are here to stay.Patients who participate should not be sidelined by overbearing researchers.Trials are not a form of treatment and are not part of the patient-doctor contract.Informed consent is imperative and should not be a contest between researchers and ethicists.It is a basic right; it is about the freedom of choice.
Treatment of Thyroid Carcinoma with I131
Authors: Thomas P. Haynie
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Follow-up examinations were performed on 76% of 200 thyroid carcinoma patients treated at the University of Michigan Hospital over a 14-yr period. Twenty-two per cent of the patients died and 2% were lost to follow-up. In 82 patients, concentration of I<sup>131</sup>was demonstrable in metastases. In 52 of the 82, the metastases were to regional lymph nodes, and 35 of the 52 were apparently free of their thyroid carcinoma. In 30 of the 82, the metastases were to distant structures (lungs, bones), and 16 of the 30 showed complete clinical regression. Those patients who died of carcinoma did so within an average period of 2 yr after treatment, and no patient clinically free for 3 yr after completing treatment has had a recurrence to this date.
Gifts to Physicians Questioned
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical progress depends on animal models - doesn't it?
Authors: Robert AJ Matthews
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Animal models are widely recognized as being essential to the progress of medical science. In countering the critics' arguments of the use of animals in medicine, one statement has acquired almost talismanic importance:

‘Virtually every medical achievement of the last century has depended directly or indirectly on research with animals.’



In this essay, the origins and justification of this oft-repeated statement are examined. Despite its endorsement by leading academic bodies, it is far from clear that the statement has been, or even could be, formally validated.
Specific immunotherapy has long‐term preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma: 10‐year follow‐up on the PAT study
Authors: L. Jacobsen, B. Niggemann, S. Dreborg, H. A. Ferdousi, S. Halken, A. Høst, A. Koivikko, L. A. Norberg, E. Valovirta, U. Wahn, C. Möller
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: 3‐year subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (SIT) in children with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis reduced the risk of developing asthma during treatment and 2 years after discontinuation of SIT (5‐year follow‐up) indicating long‐term preventive effect of SIT. Objective: We evaluated the long‐term clinical effect and the preventive effect of developing asthma 7‐years after termination of SIT. Methods: One hundred and forty‐seven subjects, aged 16–25 years with grass and/or birch pollen allergy was investigated 10 years after initiation of a 3‐year course of SIT with standardized allergen extracts of grass and/or birch or no SIT respectively. Conjunctival provocations were performed outside the season and methacholine bronchial provocations were performed during the season and winter. Asthma was assessed by clinical evaluation. Results: The significant improvements in rhinoconjunctivitis and conjunctival sensitivity persisted at the 10‐year follow‐up. Significantly less actively treated subjects had developed asthma at 10‐year follow‐up as evaluated by clinical symptoms [odds ratio 2.5 (1.1–5.9)]. Patients who developed asthma among controls were 24/53 and in the SIT group 16/64. The longitudinal treatment effect when adjusted for bronchial hyper‐responsiveness and asthma status at baseline including all observations at 3, 5 and 10 years follow‐up (children with or without asthma at baseline, n = 189; 511 observations) was statistically significant ( P = 0.0075). The odds ratio for no‐asthma was 4.6 95% CI (1.5–13.7) in favor of SIT. Conclusion: A 3‐year course of SIT with standardized allergen extracts has shown long‐term clinical effects and the potential of preventing development of asthma in children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis up to 7 years after treatment. Clinical implication: Specific immunotherapy has long‐term clinical effects and the potential of preventing development of asthma in children with allergic rhino conjunctivitis up to 7 years after treatment termination.
Hemodynamic Studies on Cholera
Authors: RÉJANE M. HARVEY, YALE ENSON, MILENA L. LEWIS, WILLIAM B. GREENOUCH, KHAIROON M. ALLY, ROSALIND A. PANNO
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The hemodynamic effects of hypovolemia and acidosis were studied in 23 patients with cholera. Studies were made before and during fluid replacement and administration of alkali. The major hemodynamic abnormalities encountered before rehydration can be ascribed to a reduction in circulating blood volume. Hypovolemia was associated with a reduction in cardiac output, blood pressures, and central blood volume. Restoration of blood volume returned these variables toward normal. The chief effect of acidosis appeared to be a redistribution of blood from the peripheral to the central circulation; consequently, central blood volume, lesser circulation pressures, and cardiac output were relatively well maintained despite hypovolemia. Fluid administration without correction of acidosis favored a disproportionate increase in central blood volume, while reduction in hydrogen ion concentration attending fluid replacement resulted in a more even distribution of the circulating blood volume and reduced the possibility of engorgement of the pulmonary bed. It is postulated that this redistribution of blood stems from peripheral venoconstriction and a reduction in the capacity of venous reservoirs induced by acidosis.
Death Certificates Are Valid for the Determination of Cause of Death in Patients With Upper and Lower Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Michael Rink, Harun Fajkovic, Eugene K. Cha, Amit Gupta, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Felix K. Chun, Yair Lotan, Shahrokh F. Shariat
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Mechanisms regulating IgA class-specific immunoglobulin production in murine gut-associated lymphoid tissues. II. Terminal differentiation of postswitch sIgA-bearing Peyer's patch B cells.
Authors: H Kawanishi, L Saltzman, W Strober
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Our previous studies indicated that cloned T cells obtained from Peyer's patches (PP) (Lyt-1+, 2-, Ia+, and H-2K/D+) evoked immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching of PP B cells from sIgM to sIgA cells in vitro; however, these switch T cells could not in themselves provide optimal help for the differentiation of postswitch sIgA-bearing PP B cells to IgA-secreting cells. Thus, in the present report we described studies focused on mechanisms regulating terminal differentiation of the postswitch PP sIgA-bearing B cells. First, to explore the effect of T cell-derived B cell differentiation factor(s) (BCDF) and macrophage factor(s) (MF) on the terminal maturation of PP B cells, LPS-stimulated PP B cells were co-cultured for 7 d with cloned T cells in the presence or absence of the above factors. In the absence of PP cloned T cells the BCDF and MF had only a modest effect on IgA production, whereas in the presence of PP, but not spleen cloned T cells, IgA production was increased. Next, to investigate the effect of T cells derived from a gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), as well as from spleen on terminal differentiation of postswitch sIgA PP B cells, LPS-driven PP B cells were precultured with the cloned T cells to induce a switch to sIgA, and subsequently cultured with MLN or spleen T cells or a Lyt-2+-depleted T cell subset in the presence of a T-dependent polyclonal mitogen, staphylococcal protein A. Alternatively, in the second culture period BCDF alone was added, instead of T cells and protein A. Here it was found that B cells pre-exposed to switch T cells from PP, but not spleen, were induced to produce greatly increased amounts of IgA in the presence of protein A and T cells or a Lyt-2+-depleted T cell subset as well as in the presence of BCDF alone. Furthermore, in the presence of BCDF alone many B cells expressed cytoplasmic IgA. These observations strongly support the view that the terminal differentiation of postswitch sIgA B cells is governed by helper T cells and macrophages, or factors derived from such cells. Such cells or factors do not affect preswitch B cells.
Immunoglobulin and complement inclusions in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes of patients with bronchial carcinoma
Authors: H. M. Jansen, T. H. The, G. C. De Gast, H. A. Huiges, M. T. Esselink, A. M. Van Der Wal, N. G. M. Orie
Journal: Thorax (1977)

<b>Jansen, H. M., The, T. H., de Gast, G. C., Huiges, H. A., Esselink, M. T., Van der Wal, A. M., and Orie, N. G. M.</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>32</b>, 706-710. <b>Immunoglobulin and complement inclusions in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes of patients with bronchial carcinoma.</b> Inclusions in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) of 23 patients with bronchial carcinoma, of 11 individuals with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), and of 11 healthy controls were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence technique for IgG and complement. The relationships of these inclusions to the clinical stage and histology of the malignant disease as well as the influence of subsequent therapy were studied. Patients with disseminated bronchial carcinoma, stage III, had higher PMN scores than patients with localised disease, stage I. Both patient groups had higher scores than the two control groups. The differences were all statistically significant. There was no difference between the COLD group and the healthy controls. PMN inclusion scores from the patient group with small- or large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma were higher than from patients with moderately differentiated or well differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma. The first two groups differed significantly from the controls; the latter group did not. Curative surgical therapy gave rise to a significant drop in PMN scores to normal values. In four patients with regional lymph node metastasis (stage II) the PMN inclusions were related to evidence of recurrence at six months follow-up after operation and BCG immunostimulation. It is concluded that the PMN inclusions are related to the extent of the disease, to the histological type, and to curative surgical therapy. The possible relation to immune complexes of tumour antigen-antibody origin is discussed.
Comparative Observations of Medical Education
Authors: John Romano
Journal: JAMA (1961)

MEDICINE shares vigorously in our national concern about education. Recently advisory groups to our government, chaired by persons whose names follow the incredible succession of Bayne-Jones,<sup>1</sup>Bane,<sup>2</sup>and Jones,<sup>3</sup>have submitted reports relating to medical research, education, and practice. From these and other reports<sup>4-6</sup>one learns of studies of the preparation of students for medicine, selection procedures, curricular designs, assessment of student performance, teaching methods, internship, and graduate resident training programs. One may learn, too, of experiments in health service plans and of attempts to assess operationally the physician's job.<sup>7-9</sup>There is growing recognition and understanding that medicine, or more broadly health science, is intimately and relevantly involved in and with the society in which it exists and which it serves. Should medicine be exclusively concerned with service here and now to the exclusion of other interests? The medical school, like all schools in the
Amplification of Epstein-Barr Virus Genomic Sequences in Blood Cells, Lacrimal Glands, and Tears from Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
Authors: Stephen C. Pflugfelder, Cecelia Crouse, Ivonildo Pereira, Sally Atherton
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

Based on observations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) following acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, the authors hypothesized that EBV may play a role in the pathogenesis of SS. This hypothesis was tested by evaluating ten peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cell specimens, ten lacrimal gland biopsies, and five tear specimens from 15 EBV-seropositive primary SS patients for EBV genomic sequences using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epstein-Barr virus DNA sequences were detected in 50% of SS PBMN cell specimens and 80% of SS lacrimal gland and tear specimens. In six SS patients, specimens were obtained from two or more sites (i.e., PBMN cell and lacrimal gland and/or tears), and EBV genomic sequences were amplified in the PBMN cells and the lacrimal gland or tears in three of these subjects. The authors previously detected EBV genomes in 32% (11/34) of normal human lacrimal glands from EBV-seropositive donors using PCR and concluded that the normal human lacrimal gland may be a site of EBV persistence; however, they were unable to amplify EBV sequences in DNA from PBMN cells or tear specimens from normal donors. Amplification of EBV DNA in PBMN cells, lacrimal glands, and tears of primary SS patients at a greater frequency (P < 0.01) than normal controls suggests that EBV may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of SS.
Therapeutic Environmental Design Aims to Help Patients With Alzheimer Disease
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hospital-Acquired Infections in Children
Authors: Leigh G. Donowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The epidemic on an infant–toddler surgical ward that Rhinehart et al.1 describe in this issue of the Journal has some of the classic characteristics of epidemics in adults and others that are typically pediatric. The antibiotic-resistant strain of Enterococcus faecalis that they discuss has unfortunately been isolated in both adult and pediatric populations. What sets this study apart is the rapid spread and persistence of the strain on the infant and toddler ward. This outbreak may have occurred because colonization of staff members is common, owing to the close contact required in the care of infants and children, and because . . .
Roe v Wade Was Followed by a Decrease in Neonatal Homicide
Authors: David Lester
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The decision by the US Supreme Court in 1973 in<i>Roe v Wade</i>(410 US 113) made it far easier for women in America to obtain abortions. Therefore, the number of unwanted children born to American women might have been expected to decrease. This in turn might have resulted in lower rates of infant abuse and, in the extreme, homicide of newborns. It is impossible to obtain accurate estimates of the incidence of infant or child abuse in America, but neonatal homicide is accurately recorded. To explore whether this legal decision was associated with a reduction in neonatal homicide, the homicide rates by age were examined for each year in the periods from 1963 through 1972 and from 1974 through 1983 using data from<i>Vital Statistics of the United States</i>, which is published by the National Center for Health Statistics. (It should be noted that in 1980,
Almost Persuaded: American Physicians and Compulsory Health Insurance, 1912-1920
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Ronald Numbers, one of the most prolific and capable of our younger social historians of medicine, has in his latest book added to his laurels. He deals with the agitation for compulsory health insurance that took place in this country between 1913 and 1920. The movement for health betterment through insurance had its origins in Germany under Bismarck in 1884, with revisions in 1911, while in Great Britain a comparable act took effect in 1913. In this country there was considerable activity to enact similar measures. Indeed, many thoughtful physicians thought some type of enactment seemed inevitable, and the movement attracted a strong group of reformers, carried along by the progressive movement of the early 20th century. The American Association for Labor Legislation worked long and hard to get suitable measures passed in various state legislatures, with rosy prospects of success. Although this movement has already attracted the attention of