tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Lesions of Diabetic Nephropathy after Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Paola Fioretto, Michael W. Steffes, David E.R. Sutherland, Frederick C. Goetz, Michael Mauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who do not have uremia and have not received a kidney transplant, pancreas transplantation does not ameliorate established lesions of diabetic nephropathy within five years after transplantation, but the effects of longer periods of normoglycemia are unknown.
Aggression in female mammals: Is it really rare?
Authors: Paul F. Brain
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

The view that female mammals are more docile appears to arise in part from imposing human values on animal studies. Many reports of sexual dimorphism in physical aggression favouring the male in laboratory rodents appear to select circumstances where that expectation is supported. Other situations that favour the expression of conflict in females have been (until recently) relatively little studied. Although female rodents generally do not show the “ritualised” forms of conflict that characterise male sexual competition, they can use notably damaging strategies (especially if they are of short duration). Such considerations might weigh in the selection of strategies by our own species.
General Practice Under the National Health Service, 1948-1997
Authors: R. Petchey
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The path travelled by general practice since 1948 is dotted with milestones: the foundation of the (Royal) College of General Practitioners (1952), the creation of the first Chair of General Practice in Edinburgh (1963), the Family Doctors' Charter (1966), mandatory vocational training(1975), etc. Along the way, the service has been almost totally transformed. The professionally isolated, single handed general practitioner of the early years has evolved into the multipartner practice. The inadequate premises, facilities, and support staff that Collings described in 1950 …
COX-2 inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells
Authors: Ugochukwu C. Nzeako, Maria Eugenia Guicciardi, Jung-Hwan Yoon, Steven F. Bronk, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Fas expression has been shown to negatively regulate the progression of cholangiocarcinoma cells in xenografts. However, many human cholangiocarcinomas express Fas, suggesting these cancers have developed mechanisms to inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which generates prostanoids, is expressed by many cholangiocarcinomas. Therefore, our aim was to determine whether COX-2 expression inhibits death receptor-mediated apoptosis in KMBC cells, a cholangiocarcinoma cell line. These cells express messenger RNA for the death receptors Fas, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), death receptor 4 (DR4), and DR5. Agonists for these death receptors, CH-11, TNF-α, and TRAIL all induced apoptosis. However, COX-2, whether induced by proinflammatory cytokines or transient transfection, only significantly inhibited Fas-mediated apoptosis. The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 restored Fas-mediated apoptosis in COX-2 transfected cells. Prostaglandin E2 reduced apoptosis and mitochondrial depolarization after treatment with the Fas agonist CH-11. Of a variety of antiapoptotic proteins examined, COX-2/prostaglandin E2 only increased expression of Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family. In conclusion, these data suggest that prostanoid generation by COX-2 specifically inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis, likely by up-regulating Mcl-1 expression. Pharmacologic inhibition of COX-2 may be useful in augmenting Fas-mediated apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma cells.
The effect of wheat bran on intestinal transit.
Authors: D K Payler, E W Pomare, K W Heaton, R F Harvey
Journal: Gut (1975)

In 18 students and two members of staff at a boys9 boarding school, the time taken to pass 20 out of 25 radiopaque pellets varied from one to seven days while the subjects were eating a normal English diet. After the additon of bran, about 20 g daily, to this diet transit time fell from 2-75 plus or minus 1-6 to 2-0 plus or minus 0-9 days (P smaller than 0-025). Transit became faster in all nine subjects who had an initial time of three days or more, and in three of seven with an initial time of two days, but became slower in all four boys with an initial one-day transit. Frequency of defaecation correlated poorly with transit time (a once daily bowel action being found with transit times ranging from one to four days), and did not increase significantly with bran. In 10 additional adults with slow initial transit (three or four days) the effect of bran was compared with that of an equal volume of ground oatflakes in a double-blind crossover trial. Bran caused a significant acceleration of transit, wherease oatmeal had no effect. These studies confirm that bran accelerates slow intestinal transit and show that this is not simply a psychological effect. Bran may also slow down fast transit.
End-of-Life Care: Where Does the Standard Oncology Care Fail Our Patients and What Do We, as Oncologists, Need to Do Differently?—Reply
Authors: Holly G. Prigerson, Baohui Zhang, Matthew E. Nilsson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

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Association Between Fasting Blood Glucose and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients With Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Kuk Hui Son, Nam Kyoo Lim, Hye Won Chung, Kyungah Jeong, Wook Bum Pyun, Ji Young Lee, Min Ju Kim, Hyun-Young Park
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Because cardiovascular disease (CVD) can be prevented by changing the lifestyles, early selection of high-risk patients is essential. Though the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and CVD has been well known, it has not been established yet which test should be performed for early prediction of CVD in PCOS (1).

Glycemic parameters, such as elevated fasting glucose (FG) or 2-h postchallenge glucose (PCG), are risk factors to predict future CVD (2). A recent study showed that glycemic parameters are related to increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), even in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (3).

We evaluated the association between glycemic parameters and IMT, as a CVD surrogate marker, in young Korean PCOS patients with NGT. From July 2010 to May 2011, 341 PCOS patients (24–35 years old) diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria (4) were recruited from …
Impact of donor CMV status on viral infection and reconstitution of multifunction CMV-specific T cells in CMV-positive transplant recipients
Authors: Wendi Zhou, Jeff Longmate, Simon F. Lacey, Joycelynne M. Palmer, Ghislaine Gallez-Hawkins, Lia Thao, Ricardo Spielberger, Ryotaro Nakamura, Stephen J. Forman, John A. Zaia, Don J. Diamond
Journal: Blood (2009)
Breathing before Birth in Animals and Man
Authors: G. S. Dawes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Observations on AnimalsTHE question of whether the fetus normally breathes before birth has been a matter of uncertainty for the past 80 years. The casual or fugitive observations of breathing movements in fetuses of different species at cesarean section have been attributed to inadvertent tactile or thermal stimuli1 or to asphyxia, an argument that was hard to meet until the introduction of blood gas electrodes. Secondly, it was noticed that radiopaque contrast material, introduced into the amnion, soon appeared in the fetal intestines but, provided there was no asphyxia, not in the fetal bronchi. These observations, in man and . . .
Direct Assessment of MHC Class I Binding by Seven Ly49 Inhibitory NK Cell Receptors
Authors: Thomas Hanke, Hisao Takizawa, Christopher W McMahon, Dirk H Busch, Eric G Pamer, Joseph D Miller, John D Altman, Yang Liu, Dragana Cado, Francois A Lemonnier, Pamela J Bjorkman, David H Raulet
Journal: Immunity (1999)
Sodium phenyl butyrate downregulates endothelin‐1 expression in cultured human endothelial cells: Relevance to sickle‐cell disease
Authors: Marie‐Hélène Odièvre, Manuel Brun, Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy, Claudine Lapouméroulie, Jacques Elion
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

As hydroxyurea (HU), sodium phenyl butyrate (SPB) is known to induce fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression and thus shows potentials for sickle-cell disease (SCD) treatment. More recently, few studies suggested that endothelial cells (ECs), a major pathophysiological actor of SCD, are also a target of SPB. Here, we show that SPB, as HU, reduces endothelin-1 mRNA expression and peptide release by human ECs in culture. SPB increases VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 mRNAs and soluble ICAM-1 release. Both drugs have a cumulative effect on ICAM-1 expression. We conclude that SPB, as HU, also affects the expression of molecules important to the pathophysiology of SCD, in addition to its effect on HbF. Its potential as an alternative or adjuvant drug in SCD treatment warrants further investigations.
Are the spending cuts fair? No
Authors: P. Toynbee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Karol Sikora</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6049) believes that the government’s choices have ensured everyone will share the burden of spending cuts, but <b>Polly Toynbee</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6053) argues that the vulnerable will suffer most
Neutrophil-mediated sinusoidal endothelial cell injury after extensive hepatectomy in cholestatic rats
Authors: M Ohtsuka, M Miyazaki, Y Kondo, N Nakajima
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The aim of this study was to assess the hypothesis that hepatic failure after extensive hepatectomy in patients with obstructive jaundice (OJ) may be mediated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). In the OJ group, rats underwent a partial hepatectomy of 78% after 2 weeks of cholestasis and subsequent external biliary drainage for 5 days. In the sham-operated control group, rats were partially hepatectomized 19 days after the sham surgery. The concentration of the serum cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), which is homologous with the growth-related oncogene (gro) product, a member of the human interleukin (IL)-8 family, and a major neutrophil chemotactic factor in rats, increased concomitantly with accumulation of PMNs in the hepatic sinusoids during cholestasis and subsequent external drainage. However, changes in the serum purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio as a marker of sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) injury showed no significant differences between the two groups. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on SECs was not affected by cholestasis and external drainage. After partial hepatectomy, the serum CINC concentration immediately elevated more prominently in the OJ group than in the sham-operated control group, and accumulation of PMNs in the sinusoids was more obvious and prolonged in the former. ICAM-1 expression was enhanced in both groups with a peak between 24 and 48 hours after partial hepatectomy. At this peak period, a significantly higher PNP/ALT ratio was observed in the OJ group. These results suggest that accumulation of PMNs in the sinusoidal space and ICAM-1 expression on SECs might be closely associated with the development of SEC injury after extensive hepatectomy in cholestasis.
Diagnostic value of brush cytology in the diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma: A study in 65 patients with bile duct strictures
Authors: Mordechai Rabinovitz, Albert B. Zajko, Tarek Hassanein, Balu Shetty, Klaus M. Bron, Robert R. Schade, Judith S. Gavaler, Geoffrey Block, David H. van Thiel, Andrew Dekker
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Malignant strictures of the extrahepatic bile ducts are difficult to distinguish from benign strictures, particularly in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Because attempts at diagnosing small cancers with fine-needle aspiration biopsy are not possible in the absence of an associated mass lesion and because the sensitivity of exfoliative biliary cytology is controversial, brush cytology has been used as a potential means of establishing a specific diagnosis of bile duct carcinoma. Herein we report our experience with this technique when performed on 65 patients over a 5-yr period. Each had at least one brushing. Thirty-seven were found to have bile duct carcinoma and 28 were found to have benign strictures. Of these 37, the first brushing was positive for malignancy in 15 (40%), whereas four (11%) had cells suspected but not diagnostic of malignancy. Thirteen patients with bile duct carcinoma whose initial brushings were negative for malignancy had second brushings. Of these, five (38%) had malignant cells, whereas three (24%) yielded suspicious cells. Three of the eight whose first two brushings were negative for malignancy were found to have malignant cells on the third brushing. In contrast, of the 28 patients with benign strictures, malignant cells were never found. However, in two patients, suspicious cells were reported with the first but not the second brushing. A single negative or suspicious cytological finding decreased the probability of bile duct carcinoma to 43%. Two and three sequential negative tests reduced the probability to 32% and 0%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation for inherited metabolic disorders in 159 pediatric patients from a single center: influence of cellular composition of the graft on transplantation outcomes
Authors: Vinod K. Prasad, Adam Mendizabal, Suhag H. Parikh, Paul Szabolcs, Timothy A. Driscoll, Kristin Page, Sonali Lakshminarayanan, June Allison, Susan Wood, Deborah Semmel, Maria L. Escolar, Paul L. Martin, Shelly Carter, Joanne Kurtzberg
Journal: Blood (2008)
Hearing problems of elderly people.
Authors: J R Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the communities integrate.In the mean time it is clear that we should direct our attention towards ensuring that those women at increased risk of fetal malformations are offered preconceptual advice and, in the case of neural tube defects, perhaps periconceptual vitamin supplementation.'They should also be encouraged to book early for antenatal care so that the relevant screening tests are available to them should they wish.
Case 51-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Doris E. Barber, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 49-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pulmonary infiltrates.Nineteen years previously a spontaneous pneumothorax occurred, and resection of the left upper lobe was performed because of a bleb. He was well thereafter, and repeated x-ray films of the chest during the five years before admission were normal. One year before entry he began to have a morning cough that produced a small amount of yellow-white sputum. A tuberculin skin test was negative. Exertional dyspnea developed. On physical examination the lungs were clear. An expirogram showed that the first-second vital capacity (FEV1) . . .
Comroe in Philadelphia
Authors: C. M Ogilvie
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Serial measurements ofpeak expiratory flow and responsiveness to methacholine in the diagnosis of aluminium potroom asthma 4 Burge PS, O'Brien IM, Harries MG.Peak flow rate records in the diagnosis ofoccupational asthma due to isocyanates.Thorax 1979;34:317-23.5 Cartier A, Pineau L, Malo J-L.Monitoring of maximum expiratory peak flow rates and histamine inhalation tests in
Infectious Mononucleosis in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Johannes Blom
Journal: JAMA (1965)

An 18-year-old high-school student was found to have lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 16 years. Remission was obtained with weekly doses of 2 mg/sq m of body surface of vincristine sulfate and daily doses of 40 mg/ sq m of prednisone. Maintenance treatment with intramuscular administration of methotrexate, 30 mg/sq m twice weekly, was initiated, after which febrile episodes developed on three occasions. It is believed that they were related to the drug. After the leukemia had been in remission for about one year, infectious mononucleosis developed and the patient had marked elevation of heterophil antibody titer without adsorption by guineapig kidney. Only one similar case was found in the literature. One case of lymphoblastic leukemia was preceded by infectious mononucleosis. At the time of this report, the patient's leukemia has been in remission for over two years.
Compliance Problems, Placebo Effect Cloud Trials of Topical Analgesic
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE ACTIVE AGENT in hot peppers is getting bland reviews from most clinicians who try it as topical treatment for peripheral neuropathies. Basic scientists, meanwhile, say the mechanism of action of capsaicin makes it a tantalizing research tool. (Please see accompanying article.) Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial in 277 patients with diabetic neuropathy indicate 0.075% topical capsaicin ointment (Axsain, Galen-Pharma, Northbrook, Ill) is effective, says Rup Tandan, MD. Much skepticism greeted his results at the American Academy of Neurology meeting in Miami Beach. But he says those ready to give up on capsaicin are not making sure patients use it right. Tandan, assistant professor of neurology at the University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, says pain relief was reported by 75% of patients who received this treatment vs 45% of those who received a placebo. But the benefit became statistically significant only after 4 weeks, when several
Myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve late after anatomical correction of transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Frank M Bengel, Michael Hauser, Claire S Duvernoy, Andreas Kuehn, Sibylle I Ziegler, Jens C Stollfuss, Mareike Beckmann, Ursula Sauer, Otto Muzik, Markus Schwaiger, John Hess
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Extracellular Polysaccharides Matrix — An Often Forgotten Virulence Factor in Oral Biofilm Research
Authors: Hyun Koo, Jin Xiao, Marlise I Klein
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2009)

Oral diseases related to dental biofilms continue to afflict the majority of the world's population.Among them, dental caries continues to be the single most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease (Marsh, 2003;Dye et al., 2007).Dental caries results from the interaction of specific bacteria with constituents of the diet within a dental biofilm known as plaque (Bowen, 2002).Sucrose is considered to be the "arch criminal" from the dietary aspect because it serves as a substrate for synthesis of extracellular (EPS) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharides in dental biofilm and is also fermentable (Bowen, 2002).However, it is important to emphasize that additional sugars and starch can certainly contribute to the pathogenesis (Bowen et al., 1980;Firestone et al., 1982;Thurnheer et al., 2008).Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a member of the oral microbial community, is generally regarded as the primary microbial culprit although additional microorganisms may be involved (Hamada and Slade, 1980;Loesche, 1986;Beighton, 2005).This bacterium (i) effectively utilizes dietary sucrose (and possibly starch) to synthesize large amounts of EPS through glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) and a fructosyltransferase (Ftfs), (ii) adheres tenaciously to glucan-coated surfaces, and (iii) is also acidogenic and acid-tolerant, which are critical virulence properties involved in the pathogenesis of dental caries.
Reply to Elias S. Hyams, Jeffrey K. Mullins, and Mohamad E. Allaf’s Letter to the Editor re: Alexander Kutikov, Boris Rozenfeld, Brian L. Egleston, et al. Academic Ranking Score: A Publication-Based Reproducible Metric of Thought Leadership in Urology. Eur Urol 2012;61:435–9
Authors: Alexander Kutikov, Robert G. Uzzo
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Acute graft-versus-host disease biomarkers measured during therapy can predict treatment outcomes: a Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network study
Authors: John E. Levine, Brent R. Logan, Juan Wu, Amin M. Alousi, Javier Bolaños-Meade, James L. M. Ferrara, Vincent T. Ho, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Sophie Paczesny
Journal: Blood (2012)
HISPANICS WITH RENAL FAILURE AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION HAVE HIGHER RATE AND EARLIER INCIDENCE OF READMISSIONS AS COMPARED TO BLACK OR WHITE PATIENTS: AN ACAP-RACE REGISTRY ANALYSIS
Authors: Alexandre M. Benjo, Girish Nadkarni, Chaithanya K. Pamidimukala, Vijay Lapsia, Manpreet singh Sabharwal, Shiv K. Agarwal, Joseph Bastawrose, Urvi Pai, Joshua Aziz, Mayra Rodriguez, Eyal Herzog, Emad F. Aziz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Reduced levels of N-acetylaspartate in malignant brain tumors
Authors: James R. McConnell, Michael Prados, Mitchell S. Berger, Charles B. Wilson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1999)

To the Editor: I enjoyed the article by Prados, Berger, and Wilson, “Primary Central Nervous System Tumors: Advances in Knowledge and Treatment,” in the November/December 1998 issue.1 I would like to draw your attention to an error on page 342, under Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. In the second paragraph, the authors state that tumors often show elevated levels of the three metabolites, N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline-containing compounds. Almost all tumors of the brain, particularly malignant tumors, show marked decreases in the N-acetylaspartate. While it is true that choline-containing compounds are elevated, the N-acetylaspartate, which is a neuronal marker, is almost always decreased in neoplasms. It may be helpful for the authors to clarify this point. Author's Reply: Dr. McConnell correctly has noticed an error in our manuscript concerning magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Malignant brain tumors will show elevated levels of choline-containing compounds and reduced-to-absent levels of N-acetylaspartate. We appreciate his comment, agree with it, and apologize for the error.
Autoantibodies to Sympathetic Ganglia, GAD, or Tyrosine Phosphatase in Long-Term IDDM With and Without ECG-Based Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Daniela Muhr, Ulrike Mollenhauer, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Manfred Haslbeck, Eberhard Standl, Oliver Schnell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of autoantibodies to complement-fixing sympathetic ganglia (CF-SG), and tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) with electrocardiogram (ECG)-based cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in long-term IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the prevalence of autoantibodies to CF-SG (by complement-fixing indirect immunoflourescence), GAD, and IA-2 (by radioligand assay) and islet cells (by indirect immunofluorescence) in 96 long-term IDDM patients (41 with ECG-based CAN, ≥ 2 of 5 cardiac reflex tests abnormal; 55 without ECG-based CAN). As a control group, 89 healthy nondiabetic subjects were investigated. RESULTS CF-SG autoantibodies were observed more frequently in long-term IDDM patients than in the control group (25 vs. 4%, P = 0.0001). Of the IDDM patients, 14 (34%) with CAN and 10 (18%) without CAN presented with CF-SG autoantibodies (P = 0.06). GAD or IA-2 autoantibodies were detected in 14 (34%) and 17 (41%) IDDM patients with CAN, compared with 24 (44%) and 29 (53%) IDDM patients without CAN (P = 0.2, P = 0.2). Islet cell antibodies were observed in 6 (15%) IDDM patients with and in 9 (16%) IDDM patients without CAN (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS In long-term IDDM, the role of CF-SG autoantibodies, which tend to be more frequent in patients with ECG-based CAN, requires further investigations. The persistence of GAD and IA-2 autoantibodies is not related to ECG-based CAN.