tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MDS and AML with trisomy 8 as the sole chromosome aberration show different sex ratios and prognostic profiles: A study of 115 published cases
Authors: Bent Pedersen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

A number of chromosome aberrations occur nonrandomly as the sole aberration in malignant and premalignant hematological disorders. They imply very different prognoses. For most of them the survival consequences have been established. For trisomy 8, which is the most frequent numerical aberration in myeloid disorders, the prognostic implications have not been investigated. In order to clarify survival in patients with trisomy 8 as the sole aberration, the literature was searched for such cases. In 115 patients survival data were available. In 103 (89.6%), a myeloid disorder had been diagnosed. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) occurred in 100 cases (87.0%). The median survival was found to be 17.1 months. On multivariate survival analysis (Cox), age above 60 and a leukemic diagnosis were found to be independent adverse prognostic indicators. MDS patients survived significantly longer (median 21 months) than AML patients (median 15 months). In MDS age and in AML the trisomy 8 clonal size was an independent prognostic factor. An unexpected observation was a clear male preponderance in trisomy 8 MDS (about two-thirds of cases). In trisomy 8 AML an approximate 1:1 ratio was found. Browsing of Mitelman's catalog confirmed these ratios. Am. J. Hematol. 56:224–229, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
291 INSULIN RESISTANCE DOES NOT PREDICT A RESPONSE TO PEGYLATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS: A SUB-ANALYSIS OF THE MIST STUDY
Authors: G.M. Prati, M.G. Rumi, A. Aghemo, R. D'Ambrosio, S. De Nicola, L. Olgiati, M.F. Donato, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pay-for-Performance Principles That Promote Patient-Centered Care: An Ethics Manifesto
Authors: Lois Snyder, Richard L. Neubauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Pay-for-performance programs are growing, but little evidence exists on their effectiveness or on their potential unintended consequences and effects on the patient-physician relationship. Pay-for-performance has the potential to help improve the quality of care, if it can be aligned with the goals of medical professionalism. Initiatives that provide incentives for a few specific elements of a single disease or condition, however, may neglect the complexity of care for the whole patient, especially the elderly patient with multiple chronic conditions. Such programs could also result in the deselection of patients, "playing to the measures" rather than focusing on the patient as a whole, and misalignment of perceptions between physicians and patients. The primary focus of the quality movement in health care should not be on "pay for" or "performance" based on limited measures, but rather on the patient. The American College of Physicians hopes to move the pay-for-performance debate forward with a patient-centered focus--one that puts the needs and interests of the patient first--as these programs evolve.
Dimethyl Lithospermate B, an Extract of Danshen, Suppresses Arrhythmogenesis Associated With the Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Jeffrey M. Fish, Daniel R. Welchons, Young-Sup Kim, Suk-Ho Lee, Won-Kyung Ho, Charles Antzelevitch
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Dimethyl lithospermate B (dmLSB) is an extract of Danshen, a traditional Chinese herbal remedy, which slows inactivation of I Na , leading to increased inward current during the early phases of the action potential (AP). We hypothesized that this action would be antiarrhythmic in the setting of Brugada syndrome. Methods and Results— The Brugada syndrome phenotype was created in canine arterially perfused right ventricular wedge preparations with the use of either terfenadine or verapamil to inhibit I Na and I Ca or pinacidil to activate I K-ATP . AP recordings were simultaneously recorded from epicardial and endocardial sites together with an ECG. Terfenadine, verapamil, and pinacidil each induced all-or-none repolarization at some epicardial sites but not others, leading to ST-segment elevation as well as an increase in both epicardial and transmural dispersions of repolarization (EDR and TDR, respectively) from 12.9±9.6 to 107.0±54.8 ms and from 22.4±8.1 to 82.2±37.4 ms, respectively ( P &lt;0.05; n=9). Under these conditions, phase 2 reentry developed as the epicardial AP dome propagated from sites where it was maintained to sites at which it was lost, generating closely coupled extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Addition of dmLSB (10 μmol/L) to the coronary perfusate restored the epicardial AP dome, reduced EDR and TDR to 12.4±18.1 and 24.4±26.7 ms, respectively ( P &lt;0.05; n=9), and abolished phase 2 reentry-induced extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation in 9 of 9 preparations. Conclusions— Our data suggest that dmLSB is effective in eliminating the arrhythmogenic substrate responsible for the Brugada syndrome and that it deserves further study as a pharmacological adjunct to implanted cardioverter/defibrillator usage.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hepatic Necrosis
Authors: Lawrence L. Pelletier
Journal: JAMA (1976)

AN INTRACTABLE bleeding diathesis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and infarction of the liver developed in a middle-aged man with infectious mononucleosis. The striking histologic finding in this case was massive coagulative periportal hepatic necrosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old man was admitted to the University of Kansas Medical Center in March 1973, because of somnolence, asterixis, and jaundice. Five weeks earlier he had noted fever, malaise, and pain on swallowing. He then consulted his personal physician, who prescribed saline gargles and ampicillin sodium. Anasarca, dyspnea, and orthopnea developed two days later. A diuretic and dexamethasone sodium phosphate were administered, with resolution of his symptoms. After the discontinuance of dexamethasone therapy, a 40-C (104-F) temperature, sore throat, malaise, and weakness recurred and persisted while the patient continued to receive ampicillin. Progressive jaundice and somnolence developed two days before admission to our institution. The patient's medical history had been unremarkable. At
Parasitism by the "slow" bacterium Helicobacter pylori leads to altered gastric homeostasis and neoplasia.
Authors: M J Blaser, J Parsonnet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Nature uses as little of anything as possible. Johannes KeplerHelicobacter pylori are gram negative bacteria that live in the human stomach.They may be considered "slow" bacterial pathogens because of their ability to persist in this seemingly hostile environment for decades if not for life, because they induce an inflammatory response, and because this interaction may lead to a variety of clinical consequences, among them peptic ulceration and gastric neoplasia.It is important to under- stand the biology of H. pylori infections, not only because it is involved in the pathogenesis of two of the most important dis- eases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer disease and adenocarcinoma of the stomach, but because it also serves as a model of the effects of chronic mucosal inflammation on endo- crine homeostasis and on oncogenesis.However, H. pylori infection also allows us to view the consequences of persistence from the context of the successful parasite as well.We know that, if the range of a microbe is limited to a single species or a closely related group of species, there is a strong negative selective pressure against those that are overwhelmingly virulent; the central concern of the single reservoir microbe is the ability to be transmitted from host to host (1).The organism must strike a balance with regard to its virulence, such that a microbial density is produced that maximizes transmission in the normal host.All such balances involve costs (to the microbe); one cost is that, when a host with suboptimal defenses is encountered, disease may ensue that limits the ability of the microbe to find a new host.H. pylori appears to have successfully met these challenges.At least a third of the world's human population is infected (2), usually beginning early in life, and the major disease conse- quences appear to be expressed years or decades after infection is acquired (3), diminishing negative selection against infec- tion.This success probably was not won overnight, but rather reflects a long evolutionary history of coexistence of humans and their gastric bacterial parasites.Persistent infections, espe- cially those in which an immune response indicates that the host is aware of the microbe's presence, must have a complex
Protein kinase regulates tumor necrosis factor mRNA stability in virus-stimulated astrocytes.
Authors: A P Lieberman, P M Pitha, M L Shin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Infection of astrocytes with Newcastle disease virus stimulated the production of 1,2-diacylglycerol, and resulted in the kinase-dependent expression of mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon alpha and beta, and interleukin 6. The half-life of TNF mRNA was significantly decreased in the presence of protein kinase inhibitors H-7 and staurosporine, but not in the presence of HA1004. In contrast to the decay of TNF mRNA, the half-lives of other cytokine mRNAs were only minimally affected by the kinase inhibitors. These data indicated that the stability of TNF mRNA was regulated through a novel, kinase-dependent pathway.
Academic Managed Care Organizations and Adverse Selection Under Medicaid Managed Care in Tennessee
Authors: James E. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Health plans competing in a managed care system may face serious financial consequences if they are disproportionately selected by enrollees with expensive health conditions. Academic medical centers (AMCs) have traditionally provided medical care for the sickest patients and may be at particularly high risk for adverse selection, but whether this occurs is not known.To determine whether managed care organizations (MCOs) representing AMCs are adversely selected by Medicaid managed care (MMC) enrollees with expensive chronic health conditions.Observational study using state Medicaid claims data from all of 1994 and January to August 1995 for Tennessee's statewide MMC program (TennCare).All 12 capitated MCOs in Tennessee, which collectively provided services for 1.2 million Medicaid enrollees from January 1994 through August 1995 following the initiation of TennCare.Prevalence of 6 state-specified high-cost chronic conditions-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), coagulation defects, cystic fibrosis, pregnancy, prematurity, and organ transplantation-and 27 additional high-cost conditions compared by academic, statewide, and regional MCOs.The prevalence of state-specified high-cost chronic conditions was generally higher for academic MCOs compared with other MCOs. Specifically, prevalence of AIDS was 14.1 times higher in academic MCOs than in statewide MCOs; coagulation defects, 6.4 times higher; transplantations, 4.4; pregnancy, 3.3; cystic fibrosis, 2.4; and prevalence of prematurity was equivalent. Prevalence was higher for academic than for statewide MCOs for 22 of the additional 27 high-cost conditions considered and similar for the remaining 5 conditions.Our results suggest that academic MCOs in an MMC system are selected by a large percentage of the sickest patients. Adverse selection may present serious financial risks for AMCs participating in managed care.
Vaccines, malaria, and a host of resistance
Authors: M. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

updated registry data, allowing choices to be made on sound clinical grounds.Now is the time for orthopaedic surgeons to take joint responsibility for prosthesis selection and surgical technique.Most modern implants claim good early results and low failure rates, but long term studies in substantial populations are urgently needed to substantiate their claims of superiority over existing practice.If the art of joint replacement in the United Kingdom is to be advanced, the introduction of a national reg- ister is imperative.
Inhibition of Acute Stent Thrombosis Under High-Shear Flow Conditions by a Nitric Oxide Donor, DMHD/NO
Authors: Sanjay Kaul, Raj R. Makkar, Masato Nakamura, Frank I. Litvack, Prediman K. Shah, James S. Forrester, Thomas C. Hutsell, Neal L. Eigler
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Coronary stenting is limited by subacute thrombosis, especially in smaller-diameter vessels, in which shear rates are high. The objective of the present study was to determine whether local delivery of a new type of NO donor, the NO adduct of N,N′ -dimethylhexanediamine (DMHD/NO), inhibits acute stent thrombosis (ST) at high-shear flow. Methods and Results Effects of local infusion of DMHD/NO, intravenous aspirin, and heparin on ST were evaluated in an ex vivo porcine AV shunt model. Nitinol stents (2 mm in diameter, n=120) were placed in a tubular chamber and perfused with blood from pigs (n=13) at a shear rate of 2100 s −1 for 20 minutes. ST was quantified by measurement of dry thrombus weight (TW). Effects on platelet aggregation (PA), blood pressure, bleeding time, and activated clotting time (ACT) were also examined. There was a dose-dependent inhibition of ST and PA by DMHD/NO. TW was reduced by 95% (1±2 versus 16±4 mg control, mean±SD, P &lt;.001), and PA was reduced by 75% (4±3 versus 14±9 Ω/min control, P &lt;.05) at the highest dose of 10 μmol/L. DMHD/NO had no effects on bleeding time, ACT, or blood pressure. In contrast, aspirin (10 mg/kg), despite inhibiting PA, had no effects on TW (12±5 versus 16±8 mg control, P =.3). Heparin (200 U/kg) reduced TW by 33% (14±4 versus 21±3 mg control, P &lt;.05) and prolonged ACT. Conclusions Local delivery of DMHD/NO produced a 15-fold inhibition of acute ST at high-shear flow without producing adverse systemic hemostatic or hemodynamic effects. Thus, treatment with DMHD/NO may be an effective strategy for prevention of stent thrombosis.
Inhibitory Effects of a Lecithinized Superoxide Dismutase on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: KOTARO TAMAGAWA, YASUYUKI TAOOKA, AKIHIRO MAEDA, KEIKO HIYAMA, SHINICHI ISHIOKA, MICHIO YAMAKIDO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), are expected to have an inhibitory potential against IPF. To elucidate whether a lecithinized SOD (phosphatidylcholine [PC]-SOD) has the potential to be a new therapeutic agent for IPF, we investigated the inhibitory effects of PC-SOD at doses of 1 mg/kg/d (low dose) and 10 mg/kg/d (high dose) and of methylprednisolone (mPSL) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Histopathologic evaluation and lung hydroxyproline content revealed that the severity of fibrosis was attenuated in mice treated with low-dose PC-SOD, whereas no significant effect was observed in other mice. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on Day 1 after treatment with BLM, BLM-induced increases in total cell number, populations of lymphocytes and neutrophils, and expression of messenger RNA for interleukin-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A were significantly suppressed in PC-SOD-treated mice. The suppression of PDGF-A expression was significantly greater in mice treated with low-dose PC-SOD than in mice treated with high-dose PC-SOD or mPSL. In summary, this study demonstrated the inhibitory effects of low-dose PC-SOD on the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which indicates the potential usefulness of PC-SOD as a new treatment agent for IPF or at least for BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in humans.
Behaviour of synovial fluid on articular cartilage.
Authors: P S Walker, J Sikorski, D Dowson, D Longfield, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1969)

Obesity was found to have no influence on prognosis in the series, as 60 per cent. of the patients were less than 7 lb.over their ideal weight for height and age, and there was no correlation between deterioration and excess of weight.It was shown that 68 per cent. of the patients left in the trial had deteriorated after 5 years; i.e. eighteen patients needed increased time for stairs and 39 required surgery.32 per cent. of patients had shown no deterioration in any way which could be measured.Finally, it was suggested that all patients with primary osteoarthrosis of the hips did not inevitably deteriorate, although those with radiological cysts when first seen were more likely to do so and might be suitable for surgery at an early stage.
ASSESSMENT OF RENAL FUNCTION IN A POST KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PEDIATRIC, ADOLESCENT AND YOUNG ADULT POPULATION USING I 131 ORTHOIODOHIPPURATE
Authors: R S Fennell, J R Fitzsimmons, R Zalenski, R L Carter, R G Carroll
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Fennell, R S M.D.; Fitzsimmons, J R Ph.D.; Zalenski, R M.A.; Carter, R L Ph.D.; Carroll, R G M.D. Author Information
Is The Acquisition Position (Prone or supine) An Important Factor In Attenuation Corrected Tl-201 SPECT Cardiac Images
Authors: L. A. Stein, R. C. Kuno, J. A. Parker, K. J. Donohoe, G. K. Kolodny
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Stein, L. A.; Kuno, R. C.; Parker, J. A.; Donohoe, K. J.; Kolodny, G. K. Author Information
LIM–kinase deleted in Williams syndrome
Authors: Mayada Tassabehji, Kay Metcalfe, William D. Fergusson, Martin J.A. Carette, Jonathan K. Dore, Dian Donnai, Andrew P. Read, C. Pröschel, N.J. Gutowski, Xin Mao, Denise Sheer
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Smad4 deficiency in T cells leads to the Th17-associated development of premalignant gastroduodenal lesions in mice
Authors: Jennifer Nancy Hahn, Vincent George Falck, Frank Robert Jirik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

While there is evidence that specific T cell populations can promote the growth of established tumors, instances where T cell activity causes neoplasms to arise de novo are infrequent. Here, we employed two conditional mutagenesis systems to delete the TGF-β signaling pathway component Smad4 in T cells and observed the spontaneous development of massive polyps within the gastroduodenal regions of mice. The epithelial lesions contained increased levels of transcripts encoding IL-11, IL-6, TGF-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α, and lamina propria cells isolated from lesions contained abundant IL-17A+CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, we found that Smad4 deficiency attenuated TGF-β-mediated in vitro polarization of FoxP3+CD4+ T cells, but not IL-17A+CD4+ T cells, suggesting that the epithelial lesions may have arisen as a consequence of unchecked Th17 cell activity. Proinflammatory cytokine production likely accounted for the raised levels of IL-11, a cytokine known to promote gastric epithelial cell survival and hyperplasia. Consistent with IL-11 having a pathogenic role in this model, we found evidence of Stat3 activation in the gastric polyps. Thus, our data indicate that a chronic increase in gut Th17 cell activity can be associated with the development of premalignant lesions of the gastroduodenal region.
PASSIVE SCREEN TIME ASSOCIATED WITH UNHEALTHY DIETARY CONSUMPTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS: A CLOSER LOOK AT CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORS
Authors: Belinda Vuong, Robert Rogers, Nicole Corriveau, Alisa Foti, Alexandra Pew, Wen-Ching Wei, Alex Lee, Eva Kline-Rogers, Qingmei Jiang, Caren Goldberg, Jean DuRussel-Weston, Elizabeth Jackson, Kim Eagle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Impact of Metabolic Heterogeneity on Tumor Growth, Invasion, and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Mark Robertson-Tessi, Robert J. Gillies, Robert A. Gatenby, Alexander R.A. Anderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Histopathologic knowledge that extensive heterogeneity exists between and within tumors has been confirmed and deepened recently by molecular studies. However, the impact of tumor heterogeneity on prognosis and treatment remains as poorly understood as ever. Using a hybrid multiscale mathematical model of tumor growth in vascularized tissue, we investigated the selection pressures exerted by spatial and temporal variations in tumor microenvironment and the resulting phenotypic adaptations. A key component of this model is normal and tumor metabolism and its interaction with microenvironmental factors. The metabolic phenotype of tumor cells is plastic, and microenvironmental selection leads to increased tumor glycolysis and decreased pH. Once this phenotype emerges, the tumor dramatically changes its behavior due to acid-mediated invasion, an effect that depends on both variations in the tumor cell phenotypes and their spatial distribution within the tumor. In early stages of growth, tumors are stratified, with the most aggressive cells developing within the interior of the tumor. These cells then grow to the edge of the tumor and invade into the normal tissue using acidosis. Simulations suggest that diffusible cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy, may increase the metabolic aggressiveness of a tumor due to drug-mediated selection. Chemotherapy removes the metabolic stratification of the tumor and allows more aggressive cells to grow toward blood vessels and normal tissue. Antiangiogenic therapy also selects for aggressive phenotypes due to degradation of the tumor microenvironment, ultimately resulting in a more invasive tumor. In contrast, pH buffer therapy slows down the development of aggressive tumors, but only if administered when the tumor is still stratified. Overall, findings from this model highlight the risks of cytotoxic and antiangiogenic treatments in the context of tumor heterogeneity resulting from a selection for more aggressive behaviors. Cancer Res; 75(8); 1567–79. ©2015 AACR.
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome
Authors: M. F. Lowry
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In 1963, Rubinstein and Taybi described seven children with mental retardation and associated abnormalities of the thumbs and halluces, together with a characteristic facial appearance.<sup>1</sup>Sixty cases have since been described.<sup>2-12</sup>The infant presented below may be the youngest patient yet recognized. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A male infant was born by cesarean section after an antepartum hemorrhage at 34 weeks' gestation. He is the sixth child of Pakistani immigrant parents whose other children, still in Pakistan, are said to be normal. There is no family history of mental retardation. The pregnancy had been uneventful up to the 34th week and no known teratogen had been prescribed. At birth the baby was asphyxiated but responded to resuscitation. He was admitted to the Premature Baby Unit at 90 minutes. Physician examination revealed an infant weighing 1,900 gm, with a crown-heel length of 43 cm. The thumbs
Electrocardiographic Monitoring of Post-Myocardial-Infarction Activity
Authors: Harvey D. Cain
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to present briefly some of the electrocardiographic findings accompanying activity levels of self-care and ambulation performed by patients in the early convalescent period after myocardial infarction, and to propose the routine use of electrocardiographic monitoring of activity in the management of these patients.  Methods  The findings here reported represent data obtained from 335 patients tested over a 2-year period. Prior to admission to the program, the patients had been treated for the acute phase of myocardial infarction at Los Angeles County General Hospital. Patient transfer by ambulance had been made to John Wesley County Hospital for subacute care after the course of the illness had become stabilized. Criteria for the selection have been previously outlined, 1 including a minimum of 15 days elapsed time since the onset of myocardial infarction. Most patients started on the program between 18 and 30 days after the acute