tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Local Effect of Intranasal Beclomethasone Dipropionate Aerosol in Hay Fever
Authors: N. Mygind
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The effect of a daily dose of 400 μg beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol intranasally has been investigated in a double-blind cross-over trial in 29 patients with hay fever. The effect on the nasal symptoms was so pronounced in 25 patients that further symptomatic treatment was unnecessary. Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol had, on the other hand, no direct effect on itching in the eyes, which is in accordance with the fact that biochemical investigations did not show any sign of suppression of the adrenal function. It is concluded that beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol intranasally is an effective and apparently harmless way of controlling the nasal symptoms in hay fever.
(4) Incontinentia pigmenti with associated nail changes
Authors: J.A. Cotterill
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (4) Incontinentia pigmenti with associated nail changes Get access J.A. Cotterill J.A. Cotterill The General Infirmary at Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Pages 49–50, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12045.x Published: 01 June 1987
Treatment of Circulatory Shock With Dopamine
Authors: Carlos E. Ruiz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Therapeutic effects of dopamine hydrochloride on the peripheral and metabolic defects of shock were investigated in 34 patients with circulatory shock associated with myocardial infarction, bacteremia, or hypovolemia. Severity of the circulatory defect characterized by hypotension, reduced cardiac output, oliguria, and notably reduced skin (toe) temperature before treatment with dopamine was not directly related to survival. However, the arterial blood concentration of lactate before treatment with dopamine indicated the likelihood of survival. Patients who ultimately survived following treatment with dopamine had normal or only mildly elevated levels of arterial blood lactate before therapy. No patients with established shock states in whom perfusion failure was associated with substantial increases in the level of arterial blood lactate survived regardless of treatment with dopamine. Increases in toe temperature during dopamine treatment also emerged as a uniquely good indicator of favorable outcome during therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>242:165-168, 1979)
CD4+ T cells specific to a glomerular basement membrane antigen mediate glomerulonephritis
Authors: Jean Wu, John Hicks, Jason Borillo, William F. Glass, Ya-Huan Lou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Ab-mediated mechanisms have been considered the major causes of glomerulonephritis (GN). However, recent studies suggest that T cells may be more important in mediating GN. To investigate the effects of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, we generated Th1 cell lines specific for this antigen from rats that had been immunized with a recombinant form of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen, Col4alpha3NC1. Upon the transfer of in vitro-activated T cell lines to pertussis toxin-primed, naive syngeneic rats, the recipients developed severe proteinuria/albuminuria, which plateaued after approximately 35 days. Although no IgG binding to GBM or C3 deposition could be detected by immunofluorescence, five out of eleven rats exhibited severe GN, as judged by the formation of characteristic crescent-shaped lesions in the glomeruli, whereas the others exhibited modest GN. Thus Col4alpha3NC1-specific T cells directly initiated glomerular injury in the recipients. One notable difference from GN induced by active immunization was a T cell infiltration in the renal interstitium, which affected some tubules. We therefore injected fluorescence-labeled Col4alpha3NC1-specific into naive rats, and we found that they were enriched 4.5-fold in the kidney cortex relative to nonspecific control T cells 24 hours later. Many of the T cells were located in the Bowman's space and had a flattened shape, suggesting that the primary target for the T cells was in or adjacent to the Bowman's capsule.
Politicians should not be making healthcare decisions, survey says
Authors: Anne Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2007)

MPs and local councillors should not be involved in making decisions about which drugs are funded by their local NHS organisation, a recent public opinion poll by the NHS Confederation shows. 

Only 11% of the 1000 people in Great Britain polled by Ipsos MORI thought that MPs should be involved in decisions on which treatments to fund. Only 5% thought that local councillors should be involved. Seventy per cent thought that clinicians should …
Prevention or Early Treatment of Preeclampsia
Authors: James M. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Preeclampsia continues to be a major health problem. It is a leading cause of maternal mortality in developed countries and is associated with a fivefold increase in perinatal mortality. It is now clear that preeclampsia is more than merely increased blood pressure.1 In women with preeclampsia, perfusion to virtually every organ, including the placenta, is decreased. Activation of the coagulation cascade, increased sensitivity to any pressor agent, and increased loss of fluid from the intravascular compartment suggest dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. This is supported by a striking alteration of glomerular-capillary endothelium and increased circulating concentrations of markers of endothelial . . .
Malnutrition remains major threat to Indian women, even though mean BMI is rising
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Women in India face the twin problems of obesity and undernutrition, whereby the “fat are becoming fatter” while the “thin continue to remain thin,” a study published last month in PLOS Medicine shows.1

Researchers from the University of Toronto and Harvard School of Public Health found that as India underwent massive social, economic, and demographic changes the mean body mass index of Indian women rose. However, the obese and overweight, like their counterparts in other low and middle income nations, have been …
Abstract 2182: Differential transfection on a cell chip for high throughput analysis of paracrine gene effects in angiogenesis and tumor invasion
Authors: Elisabeth Kuhn, Elisabeth Naschberger, Andreas Konrad, Roland S. Croner, Helmut Münstedt, Michael Stürzl
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Tumor invasion and angiogenesis are key processes in tumor progression. Previously, transcriptome analyses identified numerous genes which are associated with tumor progression. The role of these genes in tumor invasion and angiogenesis is mostly unknown. Here we describe for the first time a cell chip-based high throughput analysis of paracrine gene functions in tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Method: Expression plasmids of tumor progression-associated genes, gelatin and transfection reagent were spotted onto slides using a microarray robot. Subsequently mixtures of tumor cells and target cells (e.g. endothelial cells for angiogenesis, fibroblasts for tumor invasion) were seeded onto the slides. The conditions were adjusted that exclusively the tumor cells but not the target cells got transfected. Restriction of paracrine activities on the different transfection spots was achieved by an overlay with appropriate polymer matrices to decrease spot to spot diffusion. Immunocytochemical detection of the proliferation marker Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinases in the target cells indicated paracrine activities of transfected genes on angiogenesis (increased endothelial cell proliferation) and invasion (increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases in fibroblasts). Results: Using epithelial tumor cells and fibroblasts the differential transfection on the cell chip could be successfully established. Model experiments with ectopic expression of IFN-gamma in the tumor cells and the detection of IFN-gamma-induced genes in fibroblasts showed that paracrine gene effects could be sensitively detected. An overlay with polymeric matrices restricted locally the diffusion of IFN-gamma on the respective transfection spots. With this method 150 transfections could be carried out on a single chip in order to investigate paracrine gene functions. Conclusion: Differential transfection on a cell chip provides a novel and efficient high throughput technology to determine paracrine gene functions in angiogenesis and tumor invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2182.
GW274150, a potent and highly selective inhibitor of iNOS, reduces experimental renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Prabal K. Chatterjee, Nimesh S.A. Patel, Ahila Sivarajah, Espen O. Kvale, Laura Dugo, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Paul A.J. Brown, Keith N. Stewart, Helder Mota-Filipe, Domenico Britti, Muhammad M. Yaqoob, Christoph Thiemermann
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
P41 Cognitive dysfunction in hospitalised patients prior to discharge following acute exacerbation of COPD
Authors: J. W. Dodd, R. A. Charlton, M. Van Den Broek, P. W. Jones
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Cognitive impairment is one of the least well-studied COPD comorbidities. It occurs in a proportion of hypoxemic patients, but its presence during acute exacerbation has not been established. We assessed neuropsychological performance in patients awaiting discharge from hospital following acute exacerbation and compared them to healthy controls and stable normoxic outpatients with COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> 109 participants were recruited: 29 COPD in-patients medically fit and awaiting discharge following an exacerbation (COPD-E), 50 stable COPD patients (COPD-S), and 30 controls. Neuropsychological tests measured performance in episodic memory, executive function, working memory, visuo-spatial function, processing speed and an estimate of premorbid abilities. <h3>Results</h3> Unrecognised, moderate to severe impairment was found in over half of COPD-E with the most frequent impairment in immediate verbal episodic memory (55%), delayed visual episodic memory (54%), executive function (52%), working memory (52%), visuo-spatial function (50%) and processing speed (48%). Post hoc analysis confirmed COPD-E group observations were significantly low (p&lt;0.05; Abstract P41 table 1). COPD-E were significantly worse than COPD-S patients in episodic and working memory independent of premorbid ability, hypoxaemia, disease severity, cerebrovascular risk or pack years smoked. In addition 20% of COPD-E demonstrated an acquired pathological loss in processing speed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Around half of patients with acute exacerbation were discharged home with unrecognised moderate to severe cognitive impairment. Patients with an acute exacerbation have worse episodic and working memory than stable patients and appear to have an acquired loss in processing speed. It is unclear whether this loss is acute, chronic or reversible.
Ventricular Septal Defect with Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: ARTHUR A. SASAHARA, ALEXANDER S. NADAS, ABRAHAM M. RUDOLPH, MARTIN H. WITTENBORG, ROBERT E. GROSS
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Twenty-two patients with the combined lesions of ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, proved at cardiac catheterization, are reviewed in detail in regard to their clinical profile, hemodynamic data, and indications for, and results of, surgical repair. The incidence of this combination of lesions is not so uncommon as would be anticipated by the paucity of the reports in the medical literature. The diagnosis of both lesions is important for management and surgical technic. The striking findings by physical examination are the gross undernourishment and the wide pulse pressure in the great majority. Almost all have harsh systolic murmurs along the mid left sternal border and only 2 had continuous Gibson murmurs. Consequently, auscultation is of little help in delineating the presence of an associated patent ductus arteriosus. The electrocardiogram is of minor importance in the diagnosis of this combination of lesions. Roentgenograms in the majority show features common to either lesion alone although the frequency with which left atrial enlargement is found appears to be greater in this combination of lesions. Careful hemodynamic studies are crucial in the diagnosis of these 2 lesions. At the ductal level passage of the catheter establishes the diagnosis, or an increase in oxygen saturation greater than 5 per cent in comparison to the right ventricular blood strongly suggests the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus. The great majority of the ventricular septal defects were diagnosed by an increase in the oxygen saturation of 10 per cent or greater at the ventricular level. Almost all had pulmonary artery hypertension. Thirteen patients had surgical intervention; 9 had only closure of the patent ductus arteriosus alone and 4 had complete repair of the lesions. In the former group there were 2 deaths and 2 improved significantly. In the latter group there were 2 surgical deaths and 2 were markedly improved. The 2 surgical deaths appear to be directly related to the massive hemorrhage through the unsuspected patent ductus arteriosus while on cardiac bypass and the subsequent technical difficulty of closing both defects from an anterior thoracotomy. The relationship of calculated pulmonary vascular resistance to surgical closure of the defects is discussed. It is suggested that if the patent ductus arteriosus is diagnosed on the basis of a typical machinery murmur, correction of this lesion is indicated, irrespective of the associated ventricular defect. If, on the other hand, the clinical picture is suggestive of a ventricular defect alone and the presence of the combination of lesions is discovered only at catheterization, then simultaneous correction of the 2 lesions is recommended. In small infants in whom the combined operation is particularly difficult at the present time, a preliminary trial of medical management is recommended; only if this fails to accomplish the expected result should division of the ductus be undertaken.
Intrathoracic Kidney on Radionuclide Renography
Authors: ARVIS G. WILLIAMS, JAMES H. CHRISTIE, FRED A. METTLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

A child with an asymptomatic mass in the lower right thorax was evaluated with sonography, intravenous urography, and radionuclide renography. High renal ectopia was only diagnosed with radionuclide renography.
Screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is being evaluated
Authors: S. Grosse
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Tanner et al write that the effectiveness of screening neonates for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency has still not been completely evaluated.1 Evaluation of population based screening is a two part process. Firstly, the likely benefits and costs are assessed before the screening is introduced; and, secondly, an investigation is subsequently done into whether these calculations are borne out in practice.

The United Kingdom's health technology assessment process has undertaken the first step of its evaluation process …
Lead and δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Polymorphism: Where Does It Lead? A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Franco Scinicariello, H. Edward Murray, Daphne B. Moffett, Henry G. Abadin, Mary J. Sexton, Bruce A. Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Lead poisoning affects many organs in the body. Lead inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme with two co-dominantly expressed alleles, ALAD1 and ALAD2.
Anticardiolipin, anticentromere and anti-Scl-70 antibodies in patients with systemic sclerosis and severe digital ischaemia.
Authors: A L Herrick, M Heaney, S Hollis, M I Jayson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

Following observation of weakly positive anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies in four of eight patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and severe digital ischaemia requiring amputation, the association between the presence of these and other antibodies and severe peripheral ischaemia in patients with SSc was examined.ACL antibodies (IgG and IgM), anticentromere and anti-Scl-70 antibodies were measured in a further 60 patients with SSc over a one year period. Thirty one of the 68 patients in whom aCL antibodies were assayed had 'severe ischaemia', having suffered digital ischaemia severe enough to warrant amputation (13 patients), surgical debridement or admission for intravenous vasodilator therapy.There was no difference in aCL positivity between those with severe ischaemia and those without, nor between those who had amputations and those who had not. Three of the 31 patients (10%) with severe ischaemia had IgG and eight (26%) IgM aCL antibodies in weak to moderate titre compared to 10 (27%) and 6 (16%) respectively of the remaining patients (p = 0.06 for IgG and p = 0.25 for IgM, Fisher's exact test). Seventeen of the 31 patients (55%) with severe ischaemia were anticentromere antibody positive compared with nine of 37 (24%) without ischaemia (p = 0.01). Six patients with severe ischaemia had anti-Scl-70 antibodies compared with two of the 37 without ischaemia (p = 0.08).The findings do not support an association between aCL antibodies and severe ischaemia in SSc, but confirm the previously reported association between anticentromere antibodies and severe peripheral ischaemia. Although anti-Scl-70 antibodies were present only in a small number of patients, there was also a tendency for these to be associated with severe ischaemia, suggesting that patients with either anticentromere or anti-Scl-70 antibodies should be considered at risk of digital loss.
The <i>in vivo</i> effect of isocyanate‐induced asthma on basophil histamine release
Authors: S. Kivity, V. Veintrov, E. Firsman, O. Agami, Y. Lerman
Journal: Allergy (1998)

In vitro studies have suggested that basophils are involved in the asthmatic response to isocyanate. Classified by the type of airway response, three groups of patients exposed to isocyanate were studied: 1) nonreactive ( n =3), 2) immediate responders ( n =4), and 3) late responders ( n =4). Basophil histamine release to concanavalin A (conA). FMLP, and anti‐IgE was evaluated before and during the airway response. Histamine release significantly (P=0.009 for coaA and 0.03 for anti‐IgE) increased after exposure to isocyanate only in the group which had late bronchial response. Additionally, good correlation was found between baseline FEV/FVC% and degree of histamine release of basophils stimulated with conA. These findings support a role for basophils in the late asthmatic response to isocyanate.
Blood flow dependence of postglomerular fluid transfer and glomerulotubular balance.
Authors: V Kon, M L Hughes, I Ichikawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The rate of blood flow entering a capillary network can, in some vascular systems, regulate capillary surface area and the rate of fluid and solute transfer. To determine whether such a mechanism exists in the renal peritubular capillary, we performed micropuncture studies in 28 rats during relatively low and high efferent arteriolar blood flow (EABF). High EABF was achieved by intravenous infusion of isoncotic plasma (group 1: from 120 +/- 11 to 301 +/- 49 nl/min [+/- SE]); whole blood with high hematocrit (approximately 75 vol %) (group 2: from 141 +/- 14 to 252 +/- 31 nl/min); or acetylcholine (group 3: from 193 +/- 20 to 266 +/- 26 nl/min). In group 1 rats, plasma infusion caused an increase in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), on average, from 23.2 +/- 2.4 to 45.2 +/- 3.9 nl/min, owing primarily to increased glomerular plasma flow rate (from 63 +/- 5 to 210 +/- 21 nl/min). The rate of fluid uptake by the peritubular capillary, assessed by the absolute rate of proximal fluid reabsorption (APR), also rose significantly, on average from 10.5 +/- 1.2 to 17.5 +/- 2.4 nl/min. This rise in APR was associated with near constancy in mean transcapillary hydraulic (delta Pc) and oncotic (delta IIc) pressure differences, and was therefore attributed to a significant increase in peritubular capillary reabsorption coefficient (Kr), with the mean from 0.017 +/- 0.003 to 0.030 +/- 0.005 nl/(s . mmHg). In group 2 rats, high hematocrit blood infusion led to a significant rise in APR; on average, from 10.7 +/- 0.7 to 15.0 +/- 1.2 nl/min, without changing SNGFR. This rise in APR occurred despite unfavorable changes in the physical forces, namely a significant increase in delta Pc and constancy in delta IIc. Instead, an increase in EABF was again associated with a significant rise in Kr (on average, from 0.016 +/- 0.002 to 0.030 +/- 0.06 nl/[s . mmHg]), which accounted entirely for the rise in APR, independently of SNGFR. In group 3 rats, in which an increase of EABF was induced pharmacologically with acetylcholine, a rise in EABF was also accompanied by a significant increase in Kr, on average, from 0.019 +/- 0.002 to 0.026 +/- 0.004 nl/(s . mmHg). The results indicate that: (a) Kr is modulated by EABF. (b) In view of plasma flow dependence of GFR, blood flow dependence of Kr and APR provides an important basis for glomerulotubular balance.
Treatment of burns casualties after fire at Bradford City football ground.
Authors: D T Sharpe, A H Roberts, T L Barclay, W A Dickson, J A Settle, D J Crockett, M G Mossad
Journal: BMJ (1985)

On 11 May 1985 the main stand of Bradford City Football Club caught fire. Within four minutes the stand was alight from end to end. Fifty three people were burnt to death and about 250 injured; 83 required admission to hospital, and 55 of these were treated by primary excision of their burns and skin grafting. In such disasters the help of staff from other hospitals and areas is essential. Patients should be assessed to see whether they have burns that will ultimately be fatal; if they have they should not be sent to regional burns units, where they would take up beds that could be used for patients with treatable burns. All districts should ensure that their plans for accidents in which burns injuries predominate are adequate.
Heart Disease in Children: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Saul J. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The book was begun by the late Benjamin Gasul and completed by two co-authors and 12 contributors. It probably represents the largest single volume on the subject of heart disease in children. The organization follows a pattern used by other authors, with sections devoted to anatomy, embryology, methods of clinical diagnosis, ie, history and physical examination, together with electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, phonocardiography, and radiology. Finally there is a description of the more elaborate catheterization and angiographic techniques.  Subsequently there is a chapter by Drs. Langendorf and Pick on cardiac arrhythmias in infants and children, followed by separate descriptions of congenital cardiac anomalies in a standardized format. Each chapter contains a differential diagnosis, which is most complete, and a discussion of clinical and surgical treatment. The concluding chapter considers primary myocardial disease, rheumatic fever, preoperative and post-operative management, treatment of congestive failure, and bacterial endocarditis.  Considering the size of the book and