tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Effects of Energy-Generating Sources-Reply
Authors: Richard J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In Editor.—  Dr Schaefer makes several serious charges to which I must respond. First, he objects that the Report of the COUNCIL ON SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS cites references from Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Electric Power Research Institute, and he suggests that they are all hopelessly biased. The Council would suggest that these sources provide the best data on the subject in question and cannot agree that the first two organizations are biased or accept the conclusion that they are calculating to serve the nuclear industry.  He suggests that the health of nuclear workers has not been addressed, and reference is given to a talk given before the Health Physics Society in 1976. The data were published in 1977 1 and purport to show that cancer-induction effects of low radiation levels in the atomicplant workers were low in those between 25 and 45 years, but were probably
Current Indications for the Use of Anticoagulant Drugs in Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: ROBERT G. SIEKERT, CLARK H. MILLIKAN, RICHARD M. SHICK
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Considerable variation exists in the interplay of the factors influencing the occurrence of strokes and their final outcome. A final statement about the usefulness of anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease must await further study. The current indications for their use include: (1) intermittent insufficiency of the basilar arterial system, (2) intermittent insufficiency of the internal carotid system, (3) thrombosis within the basilar arterial system, (4) recurrent cerebral emboli associated with a likely cardiac source and (5) possibly, recurrent cerebral thromboses.
Computer-Based Evaluation of Clinical Competence.
Authors: John P. Hubbard
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Computer-Based Evaluation of Clinical Competence.John P. Hubbard, M.D., F.A.C.P., Edithe J. Levit, M.D., F.A.C.P., G. Octo Barnett, M.D., F.A.C.P., Stephen E. Goldfinger, M.D., F.A.C.P., James J. Dineen, M.D., Barbara B. Farquhar, Charles F. Schumacher, Ph.D.John P. Hubbard, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Edithe J. Levit, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, G. Octo Barnett, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Stephen E. Goldfinger, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James J. Dineen, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Barbara B. FarquharSearch for more papers by this author, Charles F. Schumacher, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-776_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNew and better methods to evaluate the clinical competence of physicians are urgently needed. Specialty boards are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with the time-honored oral examination. The public and the profession are voicing doubts about the once-and-forever certification of the specialist. Specialty boards are moving toward periodic reevaluation and recertification.How should the needs for more effective, valid, and reliable evaluation of the clinical competence of physicians in generalized or specialized practice be met? As one answer to this question, the National Board of Medical Examiners has undertaken a pilot project with the Massachusetts General Hospital Laboratory of Computer Science and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa.; and Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBibliography 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 776-777KeywordsComputersResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
AIDS: a cause for optimism?
Authors: Balaji Ravichandran
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Humanity is no stranger to global catastrophes. We've faced outbreaks of plague, influenza, and cholera and lost millions to natural and manmade disasters. What then, merits the special status that HIV/AIDS has been accorded? Besides, as some experts in the West increasingly argue, with the increased availability of antiretroviral drugs, there is no reason why it should be anything more than a chronic disease if patients follow their multidrug regimen. Future historians may well agree with this premise, but it would be purblind to subscribe to this view now. 

In the 25 years that HIV has been with us, the disease has brought out the best and the worst of people. Early outbursts of xenophobia and bigotry were strong, and many areas still have hostile attitudes to infected patients, particularly in places with a high burden of the disease. Such attitudes haven't …
Reducing Black Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Samuel Sepkowitz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The important article by Binkin et al<sup>1</sup>has added the most convincing evidence to date that black newborns have lower mortality rates in all weight-specific groups under 3,000 g. Because there has been recent criticism that studies performed years ago should not be relied on,<sup>2</sup>the authors' results, which confirm and extend the 1960 linked birth—cohort study, are timely. Were it possible to include all births, deaths, weights, and gestational ages and to complete all linkages in vital statistics information, the differences in weight-specific mortality between blacks and whites of low birth weight could be greater than the authors report, and all mortality rates could be higher, particularly in the very-low-birth-weight groups (500 to 1,499 g). It is in the very-low-birth-weight groups, numbering less than 1% of all live births, that approximately 30% of all neonatal deaths occurred in California. It is also in these
Abstract B17: PDL192, a humanized antibody to TweakR exhibits potent antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer models
Authors: Bonnie L. Hylander, Donghee Choi, Mien Sho, Debra T. Chao, Gary C. Starling, Patricia A. Culp, Elizabeth A. Repasky
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Approximately 42,000 new cases of pancreatic cancer were diagnosed in the United States in 2009, and the 5-year survival rate for this disease is exceedingly low (approximately 5%). Given the lack of therapeutic success with current standards of care, new therapies are clearly needed to treat this disease. We have generated PDL192, a humanized IgG1 antibody to TweakR (Fn14, TNFRSF12A, CD266), a cell surface protein and member of the TNF receptor superfamily. PDL192 has been shown to exhibit antitumor activity in xenograft models on a range of solid tumor types via both direct tumor cell growth inhibition and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In this study, we explored the activity of PDL192 in pancreatic cancer models. Approximately 60% of primary pancreatic cancers express TweakR protein at high levels, as determined by immunohistochemistry. PDL192 exhibited potent anti-tumor activity in two cell line xenograft models, Panc1 and MiaPaCa2. PDL192 also exhibited significant anti-tumor activity against 3 of 6 primary tumor xenograft models derived from pancreatic patients. PDL192 was also tested in combination with gemcitabine, the most common treatment for pancreatic cancer patients. In the Panc1 and MiaPaCa2 xenograft models, the combination of PDL192 and gemcitabine exhibited more potent activity than either agent alone. In three of five primary tumor xenograft models tested, combining PDL192 and gemcitabine also resulted in greater anti-tumor activity than either agent alone. In one of the primary tumor models, where neither PDL192 nor gemcitabine alone exhibited significant anti-tumor activity, the combination completely inhibited tumor growth. The activity of PDL192 in multiple pancreatic xenograft models using both cell lines and primary tumors is supportive of the use of PDL192 for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. PDL192 is currently being evaluated in a phase1 safety study in patients with solid tumors. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B17.
Human arterial constrictor serotonin receptors
Authors: A. J Kaumann, A. A Parsons, A. M Brown
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Human arterial constrictor serotonin receptors Get access Alberto J Kaumann, Alberto J Kaumann Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Addenbrookes's Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom: A J Kaumann; Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Coldharbour Road, The Pinnacles, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom: A A Parsons. A M Brown. Correspondence to Dr Kaumann. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew A Parsons, Andrew A Parsons Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Addenbrookes's Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom: A J Kaumann; Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Coldharbour Road, The Pinnacles, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom: A A Parsons. A M Brown. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anthony M Brown Anthony M Brown Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Addenbrookes's Hospital, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom: A J Kaumann; Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Coldharbour Road, The Pinnacles, Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom: A A Parsons. A M Brown. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2094–2103, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2094 Published: 01 December 1993
Ritualized behavior as a domain-general choice of actions
Authors: Hongbin Wang, Paul Bello
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Although we agree that ritualized behavior is a mystery that calls out for an explanation, we do not think that the proposed domain-specific two-component system offers an empirically well-justified and theoretically parsimonious description of the phenomena. Instead, we believe that the deployment of domain-general mechanisms based on choice of actions could also explain the essential features of ritualized behavior.
FROM INJURY TO THE PARALYMPIC PODIUM – A CASE STUDY OF A CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING CHAMPION IN 10-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: W Gawronski
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background A rare case of systematic comprehensive assessment of endurance abilities of a multiple Paralympic medalist. Objective To assess the morpho-functional abilities and health condition of a multiple Paralympic medalist and to design a comprehensive assessment model based on the changes in physical endurance and health condition in the context of the athlete's disability and relating to the systematic physical training. Design Ten-year follow-up. Setting Paralympic Games in 2002, 2006 and 2010 and the relevant preparatory periods. Participant A disabled cross-country skier who competed in three consecutive PGs (2002, 2006, 2010). At the age of four, the athlete lost both her upper limbs in a farming accident. She is planning to compete for the fourth time in 2014. Risk factor assessment None. Main outcome measurements Endurance was assessed with the cycloergometer test. Measurements included: lung minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide volume (VCO2), heart rate (HR), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and lactate threshold (LAT). Results There was a gradual increase in the athlete's endurance capacity, reaching the optimal value just before PG. The comparison of all results demonstrates their sinusoidal character - HR: 175-188-185 in 2002; 187-192-188 in 2006, and 189-184-180 in 2010; VO2, ml/kg: 40.20-47.00-51.30 in 2002, 51.78-45.50-51.30 in 2006 and 36.1-51.30-53.8 in 2010; VE, l: 74.9-90.5-90.0 in 2002, 95.0-99.6-107.4 in 2006 and 67.6-95.9-104.5 in 2010. Conclusions Test results depended on the training-related level of endurance at particular points of the follow-up and the general health condition. The increase in endurance parameters shortly before PGs reflects the peak fitness level. The obtained results facilitated a precise analysis of the athlete's adaptation mechanisms. As a result, optimal training was offered, leading to the Paralympic podium three times.
Requirement of the NF-κB Subunit p65/RelA for K-Ras–Induced Lung Tumorigenesis
Authors: Daniela S. Bassères, Aaron Ebbs, Elena Levantini, Albert S. Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

K-Ras-induced lung cancer is a very common disease, for which there are currently no effective therapies. Because therapy directly targeting the activity of oncogenic Ras has been unsuccessful, a different approach for novel therapy design is to identify critical Ras downstream oncogenic targets. Given that oncogenic Ras proteins activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and the importance of NF-kappaB in oncogenesis, we hypothesized that NF-kappaB would be an important K-Ras target in lung cancer. To address this hypothesis, we generated a NF-kappaB-EGFP reporter mouse model of K-Ras-induced lung cancer and determined that K-Ras activates NF-kappaB in lung tumors in situ. Furthermore, a mouse model was generated where activation of oncogenic K-Ras in lung cells was coupled with inactivation of the NF-kappaB subunit p65/RelA. In this model, deletion of p65/RelA reduces the number of K-Ras-induced lung tumors both in the presence and in the absence of the tumor suppressor p53. Lung tumors with loss of p65/RelA have higher numbers of apoptotic cells, reduced spread, and lower grade. Using lung cell lines expressing oncogenic K-Ras, we show that NF-kappaB is activated in these cells in a K-Ras-dependent manner and that NF-kappaB activation by K-Ras requires inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) kinase activity. Taken together, these results show the importance of the NF-kappaB subunit p65/RelA in K-Ras-induced lung transformation and identify IKKbeta as a potential therapeutic target for K-Ras-induced lung cancer.
Portable Serial Roentgenkymography in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. J. SAMPSON, L. R. FELTON, A. A. GOETZ, B. SOLOMON, B. AXELRAD
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Serial roentgenkymographic records were taken at the bedside of 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Most such tracings are adequate for determining "ballooning" (systolic reversal) and other defects of left ventricular contraction and expansion. These abnormalities are observed frequently in this condition and fluctuate from day to day, appearing or disappearing at various rates. Ballooning is the most serious defect, in that it was observed in the roentgenkymograms of all the patients who died and in all those with severe shock. Serial roentgenkymograms are of value as diagnostic aids, as evidence of the immediate and changing functional state of the myocardium and as an index of prognosis. They may herald further extension of the infarct or ventricular rupture. Roentgenkymographic abnormalities, including ballooning, may persist after clinical recovery.
Activating mutations in the NT5C2 nucleotidase gene drive chemotherapy resistance in relapsed ALL
Authors: Gannie Tzoneva, Arianne Perez-Garcia, Zachary Carpenter, Hossein Khiabanian, Valeria Tosello, Maddalena Allegretta, Elisabeth Paietta, Janis Racevskis, Jacob M Rowe, Martin S Tallman, Maddalena Paganin, Giuseppe Basso, Jana Hof, Renate Kirschner-Schwabe, Teresa Palomero, Raul Rabadan, Adolfo Ferrando
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
A Note on Lanolin
Authors: O. Liebreich
Journal: BMJ (1886)

In connection with the metheemoglobin experiments mentioned above, it may be mentioned that a simple method of preparingnethemoglobin crystals is to shake a few cubic centim6tres of defibrinated blood with few drops of nitrite of amyl in a test-tube for about a minute.A drop of the mahogany-coloured liquid so formed, placed on a slide, and covered, yields m a few seconds an abundant crop of crystals.In the guinea-pig, these are tetrahedra; in the squirrel and rat, they have the same form, namely, a miixture of hexagons, which are dark between crossed Nicols, and rhombic prisms, the former greatly predominating.
Mortality from 12 top causes of death in US is still higher among men than women
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Mortality is higher among men than women for all the 12 leading causes of death in the United States, a new report shows.

Also, the incidence of most types of cancer is higher among men, who lose 16% more years of potential life before the age of 75 to cancer than women do, the study found.

“Males still experience higher mortality rates than females at all stages of life from conception to old age,” says the report, which was published in the Journal of Men's Health & Gender (doi: 10.1016/j.jmhg.2007.01.010).

The study, which was based on data from the US Centers for Disease …
TGR5 Activation Inhibits Atherosclerosis by Reducing Macrophage Inflammation and Lipid Loading
Authors: Thijs W.H. Pols, Mitsunori Nomura, Taoufiq Harach, Giuseppe Lo Sasso, Maaike H. Oosterveer, Charles Thomas, Giovanni Rizzo, Antimo Gioiello, Luciano Adorini, Roberto Pellicciari, Johan Auwerx, Kristina Schoonjans
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Letter: New curriculum.
Authors: B Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (1974)

chlamydial infection, thus making laboratory diagnosis difficult, but will not eradicate the disease.Neomycin is not active against chlamydia, 'but is reasonably effective against bacterial infections and should be the initial antibiotic of choice until swabs can be taken and examined for chlamydia.The persistence of conjunctivitis after neomycin should lead the clinician to investigate the possibility of chlamydial infection in both the infant and its parents.-Weare, etc.,
Computerised repeat prescriptions: simple system.
Authors: M Aylett
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a small practice it is possible to develop a computer system for repeat prescriptions that requires little extra work and has other applications that may improve the quality of care of chronic conditions and promote the education of the general practitioner and his trainees. A program that can maintain a patient register, check milage and dispensing figures, prepare call up lists for inoculations, and search specific age groups for particular conditions, as well as provide a repeat prescription function, is described.
Quantification of κ-deleting recombination excision circles in Guthrie cards for the identification of early B-cell maturation defects
Authors: Noriko Nakagawa, Kohsuke Imai, Hirokazu Kanegane, Hiroki Sato, Masafumi Yamada, Kensuke Kondoh, Satoshi Okada, Masao Kobayashi, Kazunaga Agematsu, Hidetoshi Takada, Noriko Mitsuiki, Koichi Oshima, Osamu Ohara, Deepti Suri, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Lennart Hammarström, Janine Reichenbach, Reinhard Seger, Tadashi Ariga, Toshiro Hara, Toshio Miyawaki, Shigeaki Nonoyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Tumors in Female Offspring of Control and Diethylstilbestrol-Exposed Mice Fed High-Fat Diets
Authors: Bruce E. Walker
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Strong correlations have been established internationally between female reproductive system cancer rates and dietary fat. To test the hypothesis that the prenatal period is a critical time for exposure to high dietary fat, we placed adult female strain CD-1 mice with or without prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) on diets with low or high levels of fat and mated them. After delivery of the litters, these mice were given the commercial diet on which they had been raised. Their female offspring were raised on this commercial diet until terminal illness occurred. Of the 47 offspring of control mice on low-fat diets, only five had reproductive system tumors, whereas tumors developed in 39 of 78 offspring of mice on high-fat diets. For DES-exposed mice, tumors developed in 18 of 64 offspring of mice on low-fat diets and 38 of 70 offspring of mice on high-fat diets. Nine mice with metastatic mammary tumors and seven with pituitary tumors were offspring of mice on high-fat diets.
Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis can improve children's growth
Authors: P. M Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Dopamine neuromodulation is a critical process that facilitates learning, motivation, and motor control. Disruption of these processes has been implicated in several neurological and psychiatric disorders including Huntington’s Disease (HD). While several treatments for physical and psychiatric HD symptoms target dopaminergic neuromodulation, the mechanism by which dopaminergic dysfunction occurs during HD is unknown. This is partly due to limited capability to visualize dopamine dynamics at the spatiotemporal resolution of both neuromodulator release (ms) and dopaminergic boutons (µm). Here we employ near-infrared fluorescent catecholamine nanosensors (nIRCats) to image dopamine release within the brain striatum of R6/2 Huntington’s Disease Model (R6/2) mice. We find that stimulated dorsal striatal dopamine release decreases with progressive motor degeneration and that these decreases are primarily driven by a decrease in the number of dopamine hotspots combined with decreased release intensity and decreased release fidelity. Using nIRCat’s high spatial resolution, we show that dopamine hotspots in late HD show increased ability to add new dopamine hotspots at high extracellular calcium concentrations and track individual dopamine hotspots over repeated stimulations and pharmacological wash to measure dopamine hotspots release fidelity. Compellingly, we demonstrate that antagonism of D2-autoreceptors using Sulpiride and direct blocking of K<sub>v</sub>1.2 channels using 4-Aminopyradine (4-AP) increases the fidelity of dopamine hotspot activity in WT striatum but not in late HD striatum, indicating that D2-autoreceptor regulation of dopamine release through K<sub>v</sub>1.2 channels is compromised in late HD. These findings, enabled by nIRCats, provide a more detailed look into how dopamine release is disrupted and dysregulated during Huntington’s Disease to alter the coverage of dopamine modulation across the dorsal striatum. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no cure. Dysfunction of dopamine signaling is known to deteriorate in HD but has not been studied at the spatial level of individual release sites. Here, we image dopamine release from individual hotspots in brain slices from R6/2 HD mice at early and late disease timepoints with dopamine nanosensors. We track single dopamine hotspots and find that dopamine hotspot number, release intensity, and release fidelity decrease in HD, and demonstrate that changes in D2-autoreceptor regulation manifest through changes in hotspot release fidelity thus compromising dopamine coverage across the dorsal lateral striatum. These findings highlight dopaminergic neurons in cortico-striatal signaling during HD as a promising new therapeutic target for HD treatment.