tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A DEFECTIVE MENTAL MAKE-UP AND THE PERNICIOUS FORMS OF TORTICOLLIS, TINNITUS, NEURALGIA AND PRURITUS
Authors: Leland B. Alford
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1922)

The object of this communication is to indicate that the pernicious forms of tinnitus aurium and pruritus of the ano-genital region, spasmodic torticollis and trigeminal neuralgia may be similar in nature and to give the reason for this similarity It is pointed out that with certain apparent exceptions they are alike as to age of onset, course, resistance to treatment, predominance of one symptom in clinical picture, and central nervous origin. Tinnitus aurium is found not to be an exception if one accepts Gray's contention that the changes in otosclerosis must affect all parts of the biological and physiological unit subserving the function of hearing. Trifacial neuralgia is also not necessarily an exception for the evidence commonly supposed to indicate a peripheral lesion is from another point of view equally in favor of a central disorder. The psychic deviations frequently associated with tinnitus do not seem to conform to classical types of mental disorder. Psychic deviations also are said to occur in the other forms but their nature cannot be ascertained. The nature of the patient's mental reaction to symptoms in these forms is indicative of something more than a peripheral disturbance. Gray's conception of a degenerative defect limited to a biological and physiological unit offers the best explanation of the pathogenesis of these forms of neurosis and gives the reason for their similarity as to age of onset and course, stability of clinical picture, resistance to therapy, predominance of one symptom, central nervous origin, and the association of uncommon psychic deviations. This conception should prove of further service in the study of neuroses and psychoses.
Suppression of glycine-15N incorporation into urinary uric acid by adenine-8-13C in normal and gouty subjects
Authors: J. Edwin Seegmiller, James R. Klinenberg, John Miller, R. W. E. Watts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Adenine inhibited the de novo synthesis of purines in both normal and gouty man as shown by inhibition of the incorporation of glycine-(15)N into urinary uric acid without altering the incorporation of glycine-(15)N into urinary creatinine. The diminished purine synthesis did not result in a diminution in the 24 hr excretion of uric acid. This observation was explainable in part by the prompt conversion of adenine to uric acid. In addition to this direct conversion, adenine-8-(13)C provided a slow and prolonged contribution to urinary uric acid.A feedback inhibition of purine synthesis by nucleotides derived from adenine provides the best interpretation of these results.
Cognition, consciousness, and the cognitive revolution
Authors: John D. Greenwood
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract It is argued that the cognitive revolution provided general support for the view that associative learning requires cognitive processing, but only limited support for the view that it requires conscious processing. The point is illustrated by two studies of associative learning that played an important role in the development of the cognitive revolution, but which are surprisingly neglected by Mitchell et al. in the target article.
Aversion to Nicotine Is Regulated by the Balanced Activity of β4 and α5 Nicotinic Receptor Subunits in the Medial Habenula
Authors: Silke Frahm, Marta A. Ślimak, Leiron Ferrarese, Julio Santos-Torres, Beatriz Antolin-Fontes, Sebastian Auer, Sergey Filkin, Stéphanie Pons, Jean-Fred Fontaine, Victor Tsetlin, Uwe Maskos, Inés Ibañez-Tallon
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Prevalence and incidence of peptic ulcer disease in a Danish County--a prospective cohort study.
Authors: S J Rosenstock, T Jorgensen
Journal: Gut (1995)

Peptic ulcer prevalence and five year incidence were assessed in a sex and age stratified population sample of 3608 Danish subjects aged 30-60 years. Statements of peptic ulcer disease obtained from questionnaires were scrutinised by reviewing medical records. Life time ulcer prevalence (95% confidence intervals) was 5.6 (4.9-6.4) per cent. Male to female prevalence ratio was 2.2:1, and duodenal to gastric ulcer prevalence ratio was 3.8:1. Thirty two participants with no previous history of peptic ulceration developed an ulcer within the observation period resulting in a five year ulcer incidence of 11.3 (7.4-15.2) per 1000 persons at risk with no demonstrable sex difference. The prevalence of duodenal ulcer has declined in Denmark whereas gastric ulcer prevalence in men has increased slightly. A decline in male duodenal ulcer incidence has probably contributed to the low male to female ulcer incidence ratio, implying that women today incur the same risk of developing an ulcer as men. If such trends continue, they will bring about a new era in ulcer epidemiology characterised by equal incidence in men and women and an even distribution of lesions in the stomach and duodenum.
Amebic Meningoencephalitis — A New Disease?
Authors: Franklin A. Neva
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ALTHOUGH primary amebic meningoencephalitis has been previously described in the Journal,1 , 2 the events leading to recognition of this entity illustrate a common phenomenon of medicine — namely, how isolated and apparently unrelated observations eventually merge into a comprehensible picture of new information. The beginning goes back to the mid-fifties, when several different groups of virologists encountered amebas in cultures of monkey-kidney tissue3 4 5 that were used extensively at that time. The organisms were classified as members of the genus acanthamoeba, a variety that live freely in the environment, in contrast to the parasitic amebas (including the human varieties), which normally . . .
PAROTITIS FOLLOWING INDUCED ABORTION IN A CASE OF PERNICIOUS VOMITING IN PREGNANCY
Authors: W. P. MANTON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Some time ago I was called into the country by Dr. Sharpe, in consultation, to see Mrs. X., a primipara, aged 23, who was then in her thirteenth week of pregnancy. Vomiting had begun on the eightieth day following the beginning of her last menstruation, and had become progressively worse until, at this time, it had reached the pernicious stage. The patient was much reduced and exhausted, but looked fairly well, and it was arranged that, should the remedies then suggested prove inadequate, interruption of the pregnancy must be undertaken without delay. Three days later, I dilated and emptied the uterus, placing a strip of iodoform gauze in the cavity and packing the vagina lightly with the same material. The following day the patient became nervous and disturbed, and these symptoms continued during the greater part of her illness, the delirium at times becoming boisterous and agitated.
Stem Cell Transplantation Reverses Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Munjal M. Acharya, Vahan Martirosian, Nicole N. Chmielewski, Nevine Hanna, Katherine K. Tran, Alicia C. Liao, Lori-Ann Christie, Vipan K. Parihar, Charles L. Limoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The frequent use of chemotherapy to combat a range of malignancies can elicit severe cognitive dysfunction often referred to as “chemobrain,” a condition that can persist long after the cessation of treatment in as many as 75% of survivors. Although cognitive health is a critical determinant of therapeutic outcome, chemobrain remains an unmet medical need that adversely affects quality of life in pediatric and adult cancer survivors. Using a rodent model of chemobrain, we showed that chronic cyclophosphamide treatment induced significant performance-based decrements on behavioral tasks designed to interrogate hippocampal and cortical function. Intrahippocampal transplantation of human neural stem cells resolved all cognitive impairments when animals were tested 1 month after the cessation of chemotherapy. In transplanted animals, grafted cells survived (8%) and differentiated along neuronal and astroglial lineages, where improved cognition was associated with reduced neuroinflammation and enhanced host dendritic arborization. Stem cell transplantation significantly reduced the number of activated microglia after cyclophosphamide treatment in the brain. Granule and pyramidal cell neurons within the dentate gyrus and CA1 subfields of the hippocampus exhibited significant reductions in dendritic complexity, spine density, and immature and mature spine types following chemotherapy, adverse effects that were eradicated by stem cell transplantation. Our findings provide the first evidence that cranial transplantation of stem cells can reverse the deleterious effects of chemobrain, through a trophic support mechanism involving the attenuation of neuroinflammation and the preservation host neuronal architecture. Cancer Res; 75(4); 676–86. ©2015 AACR.
Evaluation of Myocardial Cell Damage by In-111-Monoclonal Antimyosin Antibodies in Patients Under Chronic Tricyclic Antidepressant Drug Treatment
Authors: Vicens Martí, Manel Ballester, Claudi Udina, Ignasi Carrió, Enric Alvarez, Damià Obrador, Guillem Pons-Lladó
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The capability of chronic tricyclic antidepressant drug (TAD) treatment to elicit myocardial damage has been a subject of debate. Lack of an adequate noninvasive method to detect such damage has prevented an in-depth study. Methods and Results A prospective study with In-111-monoclonal antimyosin antibodies was undertaken in a series of 21 young patients with major depression on TADs and a control group of 19 healthy subjects. A heart-to-lung ratio (HLR) of antimyosin uptake was used to discriminate normal from abnormal scans. HLR in healthy subjects was 1.39±0.08. Patients on imipramine (HLR, 1.41±0.09) or clomipramine (HLR, 1.44±0.06) showed normal studies. Those under amitriptyline had a higher HLR (1.58±0.12) compared with nonamitriptyline or normal groups ( P &lt;.05). None of the 15 patients on imipramine or clomipramine showed abnormal HLR, while 3 of 6 on amitriptyline did ( P &lt;.01). In these 3 patients, uptake decreased or disappeared after drug withdrawal. Ejection fraction was normal in every patient. Conclusions Monoclonal antimyosin antibody studies are normal in imipramine- and clomipramine-treated patients. Antibody uptake in those under amitriptyline treatment, which disappears after drug withdrawal, would suggest early evidence of myocardial toxicity.
Glutathione transferases in the urine: sensitive methods for detection of kidney damage induced by nephrotoxic agents in humans.
Authors: A Sundberg, E L Appelkvist, G Dallner, R Nilsson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

With the aid of immunohistochemical methods the localization of the various isoenzymes of glutathione S-transferase was investigated. The alpha isoenzyme was present solely in the proximal tubular cells of the human kidney, while the pi form was restricted to the distal convoluted tubules, the thin loop of Henle, and the collecting ducts. Damage to the epithelial cell membranes results in the increased excretion of these enzymes with the urine. The alpha and pi isoenzymes have been isolated in a highly purified form and used for the production of polyclonal antisera. Subsequently, radioimmunological and ELISA techniques were developed for quantitation of these proteins in the urine; the methods exhibited a high specificity and were sufficiently sensitive to determine nanogram quantities or less. Disease affecting tubular function, cyclosporine A treatment, administration of nephrotoxic antibiotics, and exposure to cadmium all resulted in characteristic changes in the pattern of the glutathione transferase isoenzymes present in urine. Such effects were seen also in patients who had previously been exposed to nephrotoxic agents, but in whom conventional tests for kidney function were apparently normal. Thus, it appears that radioimmunologic or immunochemical quantitation of alpha and pi forms of the enzyme can be used as sensitive and relatively simple markers for the early detection of toxic effects with respect to the renal tubuli.
Surgery for carotid artery stenosis
Authors: James F Toole
Journal: BMJ (2004)

terion will not apply-an understandable, but perhaps ill thought through, discriminatory measure.Procedures for the most worrying offender patients are included but contained within sections relating to restriction orders and not pervading the act.Public safety will continue to trump all other issues in decisions on discharging restricted patients and comprehensive assessment in hospital will be necessary before such disposals are made. 12 In a previous editorial Birmingham summarised the main proposals in the initial draft bill for England and Wales. 2 Superficially this draft bill and the Scottish act look similar, but important differences make most concerns about that bill inapplicable: to whom the act applies is strictly defined, with exclusion criteria; no over-emphasis on risk to others; inclusion of capacity; inclusion of ethically sound principles; no loss of discretion for services in applying procedures; comprehensive legislation on incapacity already in place; no compulsory treatment in prison; and genuinely responsive consultation by government.Clinicians and other stakeholders have been closely involved in the review and implementation processes in Scotland.The new draft bill for England and Wales only really addresses the concern about prison treatment; the other concerns remain valid, marking clear and persisting differences between legislative proposals in the two jurisdictions.In Scotland concern remains about resources, bureaucracy, implementation, and training.Currently patients rarely contest detention, but new tribunal hearings will occur frequently, requiring personnel and infrastructure, and potentially disrupting clinical care.Tribunals will also consider appeals against being held in excessive security.This measure must start in May 2006 despite the likelihood that beds will be insufficient to cater for patients who no longer require care in a high security hospital.The long term impact of complex legislation that allows much room for discretion is difficult to predict.The act on paper may not match the act in practice, so day to day reality may be different from the intention behind the policy.Funding for research on the opera-tion of the new act is promised.Scotland will have ethically sound modern legislation, with principles supported by most stakeholders.In the United States, cycles of reform show that impact is less dramatic than predicted by optimists or pessimists. 13New legislation reflects, rather than changes, social, clinical, or political aspirations.In Scotland, unlike England and Wales, considerable harmony has existed between these.However, new legislation does not in itself provide improvements in clinical care or resources.
Lung Cancer Signatures in Plasma Based on Proteome Profiling of Mouse Tumor Models
Authors: Ayumu Taguchi, Katerina Politi, Sharon J. Pitteri, William W. Lockwood, Vitor M. Faça, Karen Kelly-Spratt, Chee-Hong Wong, Qing Zhang, Alice Chin, Kwon-Sik Park, Gary Goodman, Adi F. Gazdar, Julien Sage, Daniela M. Dinulescu, Raju Kucherlapati, Ronald A. DePinho, Christopher J. Kemp, Harold E. Varmus, Samir M. Hanash
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Hevein-like protein domains as a possible cause for allergen cross-reactivity between latex and banana☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Jari H. Mikkola, Harri Alenius, Nisse Kalkkinen, Kristiina Turjanmaa, Timo Palosuo, Timo Reunala
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
IRIDOCAPSULOTOMY SCISSORS WITH NEW FEATURES
Authors: Conrad Berens
Journal: JAMA (1926)

These scissors have been found satisfactory for cutting dense secondary membranes, where de Wecker's scissors or Noyes' scissors would ordinarily be used, and for performing iridocapsulotomy. As the blades of the scissors are very thin and narrow, they may be introduced into the anterior chamber through a 2.5 mm. subconjunctival opening made at the limbus, a narrow Agnew keratome being used. This method is probably the one of choice, although the instrument was primarily designed to penetrate the limbus subconjunctivally without making a keratome incision. <h3>DESCRIPTION OF SCISSORS</h3> The blades are 14 mm. long, pointed and slightly curved, and are held closed by a strong spring. One blade is the direct extension of the octagonal handle, which is 14 cm. in length. The other blade, which is movable, is activated by an arm (<i>A</i>), 48 mm. in length. This arm is joined to an arm (<i>B</i>)
High levels of T troponin in heart failure are associated with ventricular remodeling and unfavorable in‐hospital course
Authors: E. Perna, S.M. Macin, P.M. Alvarenga, N. Rios, R. Pantich, C.D. Tacchi, R. Badaracco, E. Jantus, F. Medina, M. Brizuela
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Cyanide Self-poisoning
Authors: M. Lee-Jones, M. A. Bennett, J. M. Sherwell
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Four cases of cyanide self-poisoning were admitted to one hospital over a period of two years. Two of the patients died. The diagnosis in the unconscious patient may be suggested by the finding of bradycardia and the absence of cyanosis (despite inadequate ventilation). The diagnosis can be confirmed in 5 to 10 minutes by a simple test on gastric aspirate, performed by the casualty officer. Cardiac pacing was used in two patients and may have a place in the supportive management of severe cases.
Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine
Authors: R. W. Green
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1985)

<h3>Background</h3> Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) has been proposed as an early biomarker of myocardial infarction (MI). The authors aimed to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the early sensitivity and specificity of quantitative and qualitative H-FABP assays. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors undertook a systematic search using electronic databases, citation lists and expert contacts to identify all diagnostic cohort studies of patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome that compared H-FABP at presentation to a reference standard based on the Universal definition of MI. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. <h3>Results</h3> The authors included eight studies of quantitative H-FABP and nine studies of qualitative H-FABP. The summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 81% (95% prediction interval 50% to 95%) and 80% (26% to 98%) respectively for the quantitative assays and 68% (11% to 97%) and 92% (20% to 100%) respectively for the qualitative assays. Four studies reported the sensitivity of troponin and H-FABP at presentation in which the combination was considered positive if either test was positive. The addition of H-FABP to troponin increased sensitivity from 42–75% to 76–97% but decreased specificity from 94–100% to 65–93%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> H-FABP has modest sensitivity and specificity for MI at presentation but estimates are subject to substantial uncertainty and primary data are subject to substantial heterogeneity. H-FABP may have a role alongside troponin in improving early sensitivity but comparison with high sensitivity troponin assays is required.
Effect of Adrenoreceptors on Endotoxin-induced Cytokines and Lipid Peroxidation in Lung Explants
Authors: HAIBO ZHANG, YOUNG KYOON KIM, ANAND GOVINDARAJAN, ATSUSHI BABA, MATTHEW BINNIE, V. MARCO RANIERI, MINGYAO LIU, ARTHUR S. SLUTSKY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Lung tissue may be an important source of systemic inflammation associated with sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An ex vivo model of freshly explanted lung tissue in culture was developed to evaluate the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to directly stimulate lung tissues under conditions where indirect mechanisms such as recruitment of blood-derived inflammatory cells could not be implicated. Under control conditions, lung explants produced a high level of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). Eight hours after LPS challenge, there were marked increases in the production of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) from 0.18 ± 0.04 to 4.13 ± 0.23 ng/ml/g tissue (p < 0.05), MIP-2 from 60.0 ± 7.4 to 165.6 ± 10.3 ng/ml/g tissue (p < 0.05), and tissue lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde from 27.6 ± 2.5 to 48.4 ± 17.5 μ M/g tissue; and 4-hydroxyalkenal from 34.0 ± 3.0 to 59.7 ± 18.8 μ M/g tissue, both p < 0.05) from lung explants. Treatment with the β -adrenoreceptor agonist isoproterenol (1 ng/ml) attenuated LPS-induced release of TNF- α and lipid peroxidation in association with an increase in intracellular cAMP levels. The adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, also inhibited LPS-induced changes in TNF- α and lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, increasing intracellular levels of cAMP through β -adrenoreceptor activation can attenuate the acute inflammatory response induced in the lung by LPS. LPS did not significantly impair the β -adrenoreceptor reactivity in lung explants. Lung explants allow for the quantitative assessment of pulmonary inflammatory responses independent of influences from the circulation, and thus may be a useful ex vivo model to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms of lung injury. Zhang H, Kim YK, Govindarajan A, Baba A, Binnie M, Ranieri VM, Liu M, Slutsky AS. Effect of adrenoreceptors on endotoxin-induced cytokines and lipid peroxidation in lung explants.
Psychiatrists Explore Legacy of Traumatic Stress in Early Life
Authors: L. Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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