tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombospondin 1 inhibits inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by CD36 ligation on monocytes
Authors: Claus Cursiefen, Kazuichi Maruyama, Felix Bock, Daniel Saban, Zahra Sadrai, Jack Lawler, Reza Dana, Sharmila Masli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in tumor metastasis and transplant outcome. Here, we show that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein and naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis inhibits lymphangiogenesis in mice. Compared with wild-type mice, 6-mo-old TSP-1–deficient mice develop increased spontaneous corneal lymphangiogenesis. Similarly, in a model of inflammation-induced corneal neovascularization, young TSP-1–deficient mice develop exacerbated lymphangiogenesis, which can be reversed by topical application of recombinant human TSP-1. Such increased corneal lymphangiogenesis is also detected in mice lacking CD36, a receptor for TSP-1. In these mice, repopulation of corneal macrophages with predominantly WT mice via bone marrow reconstitution ameliorates their prolymphangiogenic phenotype. In vitro, exposure of WT macrophages to TSP-1 suppresses expression of lymphangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D, but not of a primarily hemangiogenic factor VEGF-A. Inhibition of VEGF-C is not detected in the absence or blockade of CD36. These findings suggest that TSP-1, by ligating CD36 on monocytic cells, acts as an endogenous inhibitor of lymphangiogenesis.
Medical Advice on Contraception
Authors: E. O. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> As newer variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to pose major threats to global human health and economy, identifying novel druggable antiviral targets is the key towards sustenance. Here, we identify an evolutionary conserved “E-L-L” motif present within the HR2 domain of all human and non-human coronavirus spike (S) proteins that play a crucial role in stabilizing the post-fusion six-helix bundle (6-HB) structure and thus, fusion-mediated viral entry. Mutations within this motif reduce the fusogenicity of the S protein without affecting its stability or membrane localization. We found that posaconazole, an FDA-approved drug, binds to this “E-L-L” motif resulting in effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells. While posaconazole exhibits high efficacy towards blocking S protein-mediated viral entry, mutations within the “E-L-L” motif rendered the protein completely resistant to the drug, establishing its specificity towards this motif. Our data demonstrate that posaconazole restricts early stages of infection through specific inhibition of membrane fusion and viral genome release into the host cell and is equally effective towards all major variants of concerns of SARS-CoV-2 including beta, kappa, delta, and omicron. Together, we show that this conserved essential “E-L-L” motif is an ideal target for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
Pediatric Radionuclide Ventriculography
Authors: JOHN R. STY, DONALD P. BABBITT, BERNARD D??SOUZA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Computed tomography is the standard diagnostic examination employed to identify the morbid anatomy of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in children. This noninvasive technique provides excellent anatomic information. However, CT only indirectly characterizes the cerebral spinal fluid pathways. When it is necessary to determine precise bulk cerebrospinal fluid flow for surgical correction, then radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) is a useful adjunctive procedure.
Clinical features of polycythaemic patients with chronic obstructive non-specific lung disease
Authors: J. B. Cocking, C. S. Darke
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Forty-five patients with chronic hypoxic lung disease were studied to ascertain whether those with polycythaemia had specific distinguishing features. Thirty-three patients had red cell volumes less than 120% of the predicted normal values, and 12 patients had red cell volumes greater than this level and were regarded as polycythaemic. The latter were found to have a higher incidence of the features associated with obstructive bronchitis, whereas the nonpolycythaemic subjects had more emphysematous characteristics. These findings may facilitate the selection of those patients who may benefit from a therapeutic reduction of red cell volume.
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology: Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Authors: Stanley A. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

This journal aims to publish original contributions and comprehensive reviews related to the understanding and treatment of immune deficiency, allergies, and inflammatory and infectious diseases in children. Other areas of interest include development of specific and accessory immunity and the immunological interaction between mother and child during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, this journal strives to promote communication between scientists engaged in basic research and clinicians working with children.  Every manuscript describing original work is reviewed by two referees. With excellent editors and a high-quality editorial board with a wide range of institutional affiliations and expertise, the journal is likely to subject submitted manuscripts to critical peer review. The journal does not state a policy for corrections and retractions.  Each of the three issues examined contained a review article and a calendar of events section. One issue had information on a forthcoming meeting of interest to the readership.  The first
Do Physicians Spend Less Time With Patients in Contact Isolation?
Authors: Cody N. Dashiell-Earp, Douglas S. Bell, Alexis O. Ang, Daniel Z. Uslan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

The use of contact isolation precautions for patients colonized or infected with drug-resistant or easily transmissible organisms is a widely accepted strategy for reducing transmission of hospital-associated infections. Although hospitals throughout the country have implemented these practices at great logistical and financial expense, there is little high quality data to support their use.

Isolation precautions have unintended consequences, including a reduction in time spent with health care providers, lower patient satisfaction and more preventable adverse events (1–3). Only a few small studies have measured the impact of contact isolation on time spent by health care providers with patients. Given recent advances in spatial tracking technology, we set out to measure differences in time spent by internal medicine interns in contact isolation compared to non-isolation rooms.
History and Examination Should Precede Tests
Authors: Michael Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Kolder,<sup>1</sup>in his discussion of a patient who suffered loss of vision following cataract surgery, correctly indicates the unlikelihood of the proffered diagnosis of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. He also briefly lists a potpourri of entities that may have resulted in visual loss following a surgical procedure. If Dr Kolder had been less kind, he might have pointed out that a markedly restricted peripheral vision in,an eye with permanent loss of central vision is not compatible with the physical findings as given, specifically, a normal optic disc and a "dissipated" swollen retina. He also might have pointed out that a brain scan, electroretinogram, and fluorescein angiogram would have little likelihood of showing an abnormality that was not suspected on the basis of a careful ophthalmologic examination. It seems to me that this problem is another illustration of how readily physicians discard the use
TREATMENT OF ACUTE PULMONARY ABSCESS
Authors: S. U. MARIETTA
Journal: JAMA (1934)

This discussion will have to do with single (including multilocular) abscesses and does not include those due to tuberculosis, bronchiectasis and new growths. The subject has been frequently discussed in medical literature, but in my opinion the difference in treatment to be directed to the acute in contradistinction to the chronic process has not been sufficiently stressed. The importance of postural drainage in the treatment of the acute condition has received little more than casual mention. Although the treatment of acute lung abscess is relatively simple, it is apparently unfamiliar to the very class of physicians who should be able to apply it early and to carry it to a successful conclusion in more than 50 per cent of the cases; i. e., the general practitioner. Many patients with chronic pulmonary abscess who are seen have never received any treatment during the acute stage other than rest in bed, "cough
Vascular Headaches and Oral Contraceptives
Authors: SHERIF SHAFEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

Editorial Notes1 October 1966Vascular Headaches and Oral ContraceptivesSHERIF SHAFEY, M.D., PERITZ SCHEINBERG, M.D.SHERIF SHAFEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PERITZ SCHEINBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-65-4-863_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVarious syndromes have been described as occurring in women in association with the use of oral contraceptives. These include phlebothrombosis, vascular headaches, cerebral arterial and venous occlusive disease, papilledema, oculomotor palsies, and seizures (1-5). Statistical evidence denoting a causal relationship between the progestational steroids and these phenomena is lacking, but a causal association seems likely in the case of vascular headaches.Our present material includes almost 50 women who developed or had reoccurrence of classical symptoms of migraine while taking progestational steroids. The typical vascular headache was preceded by visual, sensory or motor prodromata in about half the cases. About...References1. TYLER E: Oral contraception and venous thrombosis. JAMA 185: 131, 1963. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. REEDCOON DLWW: Thromboembolism in patients receiving progestational drugs. New Eng. J. Med. 269: 622, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WALSHCLARKTHOMPSONNICHOLSON FBDBRSDH: Oral contraceptives and neuro-ophthalmologic interest. Arch. Ophthal. (Chicago) 74: 628, 1965. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SHAFEYSCHEINBERG SP: Neurological syndromes occurring in patients receiving synthetic steroids (oral contraceptives). Neurology (Minneap.) 16: 205, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. WHITTYHOCKADAYWHITTY CWJMMM: The effect of oral contraceptives on migraine. Lancet 1: 856, 1966. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SHERIF SHAFEY, M.D.; PERITZ SCHEINBERG, M.D.Affiliations: University of Miami Miami, Fla. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdolescent contraception: An overviewClinical complications of oral contraceptivesTHE INFLUENCE OF HORMONES UPON MIGRAINE IN WOMEN 1Passagere Mediaverschl�sse unter oralen Ovulationshemmern 1 October 1966Volume 65, Issue 4Page: 863-863KeywordsEpileptic seizuresMigraineOral contraceptive therapyParalysisSteroidsVascular diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Lecture on Dropsy: Its Pathology, Prognosis, and Principles of Treatment
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1868)

DROPSY has been well defined by Sir Thomas Watson to be "a collec- tion of serous liquid in one or more of the shut cavities of the body, or in the areolar tissue, or in both, independent of inflammation."The liquid which is thus collected is, as a rule, serum holding no fibrine in solution; and this absence of fibrine constitutes one of the main distinc- tions between dropsical and inflammatory effusions.It will help us to understand the nature and cause of dropsical accumulations, if we bear in mind that the meshes of the areolar tissue and the serous cavities in which these accumulations occur are moistened during life and health by a continual serous secretion.Dropsyconsists in an excess of thisfluid, which excess must be a result of either excessive secretion or defective absorption, or both combined.In fact, it is probable that, while dropsical effusion is going on, the absorption of liquid from the dropsical parts is nearly, if not quite, suspended.So far as we know, the blood-vessels are alone concerned in the exhalation and absorption of this fluid.The lymphatic absorbents have no share in causing the phenomena of dropsy.The cause of dropsy is to be found in the condition of the blood-vessels and their contents.
The Development of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Among Relatives
Authors: Trevor J Orchard, Arlan L Rosenbloom
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Relatives of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) carry an increased risk of developing IDDM. A number of studies that focus on the development of IDDM in such relatives, and the metabolic, immunologic, and viral factors involved are reviewed. These studies indicate that the destructive process in the β-cells goes on for varying and often extended periods before the development of clinical disease. Thus, the events surrounding the time of clinical diagnosis may be of importance only as triggering mechanisms. Future studies may, therefore, be better directed toward long-term surveillance of the metabolic, viral, and immunologic status of first-degree relatives of IDDM subjects and the associations of these factors with genetic influences such as HLA-DR types or subtypes.
Chest Wall and Axillary Lymph Node FDG Uptake Associated With Cancer Vaccine Therapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Koichiro Kaneko, Tsuyoshi Yoshida, Junichiro Hiyama, Ken Ono, Junichi Omagari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Cancer vaccines are now undergoing clinical investigations, and clinical trials of therapeutic cancer vaccines have been conducted mainly for advanced cancer patients. We experienced 2 cases of multifocal F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in the chest wall and axillary lymph nodes associated with personalized peptide vaccine therapy for recurrent lung cancer. In this article, we report fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose -positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings.
The Crucial Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Osteopontin-Induced Protein Kinase C α/c-Src/IκB Kinase α/β–Dependent Prostate Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis
Authors: Shalini Jain, Goutam Chakraborty, Gopal C. Kundu
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

The regulation of tumor progression towards its malignancy needs the interplay among several cytokines, growth factors, and enzymes, which are controlled in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report that osteopontin, a small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein family of calcified extracellular matrix-associated protein, regulates prostate tumor growth by regulating the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We have shown that osteopontin stimulates the activation of protein kinase C alpha/nuclear factor-inducing kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent signaling cascades that induces COX-2 expression, which in turn regulates the prostaglandin E(2) production, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation, and tumor progression and angiogenesis. We have revealed that suppression of osteopontin-induced COX-2 expression by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib or blocking the EP2 receptor by its blocking antibody resulted in significant inhibition of cell motility and tumor growth and angiogenesis. The data also showed that osteopontin-induced mice PC-3 xenograft exhibits higher tumor load, increased tumor cell infiltration, nuclear polymorphism, and neovascularization. Interestingly, use of celecoxib or anti-EP2 blocking antibody drastically suppressed osteopontin-induced tumor growth that further indicated that suppression of COX-2 or its metabolites could significantly inhibit osteopontin-induced tumor growth. Human clinical prostate cancer specimen analysis also supports our in vitro and animal model studies. Our findings suggest that blockage of osteopontin and/or COX-2 is a promising therapeutic approach for the inhibition of prostate tumor progression and angiogenesis.
Childhood Incident Asthma and Traffic-Related Air Pollution at Home and School
Authors: Rob McConnell, Talat Islam, Ketan Shankardass, Michael Jerrett, Fred Lurmann, Frank Gilliland, Jim Gauderman, Ed Avol, Nino Künzli, Ling Yao, John Peters, Kiros Berhane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Traffic-related air pollution has been associated with adverse cardiorespiratory effects, including increased asthma prevalence. However, there has been little study of effects of traffic exposure at school on new-onset asthma.We evaluated the relationship of new-onset asthma with traffic-related pollution near homes and schools.Parent-reported physician diagnosis of new-onset asthma (n = 120) was identified during 3 years of follow-up of a cohort of 2,497 kindergarten and first-grade children who were asthma- and wheezing-free at study entry into the Southern California Children's Health Study. We assessed traffic-related pollution exposure based on a line source dispersion model of traffic volume, distance from home and school, and local meteorology. Regional ambient ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and particulate matter were measured continuously at one central site monitor in each of 13 study communities. Hazard ratios (HRs) for new-onset asthma were scaled to the range of ambient central site pollutants and to the residential interquartile range for each traffic exposure metric.Asthma risk increased with modeled traffic-related pollution exposure from roadways near homes [HR 1.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25-1.82] and near schools (HR 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.98). Ambient NO(2) measured at a central site in each community was also associated with increased risk (HR 2.18; 95% CI, 1.18-4.01). In models with both NO(2) and modeled traffic exposures, there were independent associations of asthma with traffic-related pollution at school and home, whereas the estimate for NO(2) was attenuated (HR 1.37; 95% CI, 0.69-2.71).Traffic-related pollution exposure at school and homes may both contribute to the development of asthma.
Privacy and Ethics in Pediatric Environmental Health Research—Part I: Genetic and Prenatal Testing
Authors: Celia B. Fisher
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The pressing need for empirically informed public policies aimed at understanding and promoting children's health has challenged environmental scientists to modify traditional research paradigms and reevaluate their roles and obligations toward research participants. Methodologic approaches to children's environmental health research raise ethical challenges for which federal regulations may provide insufficient guidance. In this article I begin with a general discussion of privacy concerns and informed consent within pediatric environmental health research contexts. I then turn to specific ethical challenges associated with research on genetic determinants of environmental risk, prenatal studies and maternal privacy, and data causing inflicted insight or affecting the informational rights of third parties.
Pathogenesis and Surgical Management of Acute Gastric Erosions
Authors: Ernest L. Sarason, Benjamin F. Levy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

WHEREAS a great deal of attention has been focused on the therapy of peptic ulcer and its complications, relatively little heed has been given to acute gastric erosions—a definite pathologic entity differing from acute peptic ulcers in being more shallow. By virtue of the fact that gastric erosions invade no deeper than the muscularis mucosae, their presence often escapes the attention of gastroscopist, radiologist and surgeon. Despite their superficial location, it must be granted that acute gastric erosions may be responsible for massive hemorrhage, and because of their elusiveness in diagnosis, they are particularly dangerous. In the event of uncontrollable . . .
Should We Operate on Children with Fluid in the Middle Ear?
Authors: James M. Perrin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

A number of studies suggest that persistent middle-ear effusion in children has long-term effects on speech and language development, as well as development in general, although the studies vary in their assessment of the clinical importance of these effects.13 The report by Paradise and colleagues in this issue of the Journal provides new evidence about the value of the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in young children who have had middle-ear effusion for relatively lengthy periods.4 This question is an important one, given the high rates of this procedure among children and its apparent overuse.5 In the study by Paradise . . .
A Randomized Trial of Physical Rehabilitation for Very Frail Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Cynthia D. Mulrow, Meghan B. Gerety, Deanna Kanten, John E Cornell, Louis A. DeNino, Laura K Chiodo, Christine Aguilar, Margaret B. O'Neil, Jeff Rosenberg, Rosalva M. Solis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Background.</h3> —Past studies suggest multidisciplinary interventions that include physical therapy (PT) can improve function of nursing home residents. This trial specifically evaluates effects of PT for frail long-stay nursing home residents. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —One academic nursing home and eight community nursing homes. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 194 elderly nursing home residents dependent in at least two activities of daily living residing in the nursing home for at least 3 months. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Patients were randomized to individually tailored one-on-one PT sessions or friendly visits (FVs) three times a week for 4 months. Physical therapy included range-of-motion, strength, balance, transfer, and mobility exercises. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Performance-based physical function assessed by the Physical Disability Index; self-perceived health status assessed with the Sickness Impact Profile; observer-reported activities of daily living; and falls. <h3>Results.</h3> —Eighty-nine percent and 92% of PT and FV sessions, respectively, were attended; 5% and 9% of subjects dropped out in the PT group and FV group, respectively. Compared with the FV group, the PT group experienced no significant improvements in overall Physical Disability Index, Sickness Impact Profile, or activities of daily living scores. A 15.5% improvement in the mobility subscale of the Physical Disability Index was seen (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4% to 24.7%); no benefits in range-of-motion, strength, or balance subscales were found. Compared with the FV group, the PT group used assistive devices for bed mobility tasks less often (<i>P</i>=.06) and were less likely to use assistive devices and wheelchairs for locomotion (<i>P</i>&lt;.005). There were 79 falls in the PT group vs 60 falls in the FV group (<i>P</i>=.11). Charge for the 4-month PT program was $1220 per subject (95% CI, $412 to $1832). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —This standardized physical therapy program provided modest mobility benefits for very frail long-stay nursing home residents with physical disability due to multiple comorbid conditions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:519-524)