tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3270: Gene expression profiling of breast tumors from African American and Caucasian women: Are molecular differences meaningful
Authors: Allyson L. Valente, Craig D. Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: To identify molecular factors associated with survival disparities, multiple studies have identified differentially expressed genes in tumors from African American women (AAW) compared to Caucasian women (CW), however, it is not clear whether these changes, such as increased expression of PHSPL, SOS1 and CRYBB2P1 in tumors from AAW, are clinically meaningful or represent population artifact. Gene expression data were thus evaluated in breast tumors with defined intrinsic subtypes, non-malignant breast tissue and blood from patients without breast disease. Methods: Gene expression data was generated using U133 2.0 microarrays for 184 breast tumors from AAW and CW matched by subtype, grade, age and presence of local or distant metastases, from 44 benign biopsy specimens, and from 143 peripheral blood samples from patients without current or past invasive breast disease. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using Partek Genomics Suite 6.6 and differentially expressed genes were detected using ANOVA with FDR&amp;lt;0.05, 2-fold difference defining significance. Results: When all tumors were analyzed together, only PSPHL, CRYBB2P1 and SOS1 were differentially expressed, each at significantly higher levels in tumors from AAW. When analyzed by subtype, PSPHL, CRYBB2P1, SOS1 and AMFR were expressed at higher levels in luminal A tumors (n=86) and SOS1 at higher levels in basal-like tumors (n=66) from AAW; no differentially expressed genes were detected in HER2-enriched (n=18) or luminal B (n=14) tumors. AMFR, CRYBB2P1, PSPHL and SOS1 were also expressed at significantly higher levels in both non-malignant breast tissue from AAW patients, and in blood specimens from disease-free AAW patients compared to non-malignant and blood specimens from CW. Conclusions: PCA demonstrates that molecular profiles of tumors from AAW are highly similar to those from CW; the few genes that are differentially expressed in tumor specimens are not associated with breast cancer as the same changes are also found in disease-free breast tissues as well as blood from patients without breast disease. Lack of meaningful genetic differences, even within specific tumor subtypes, suggests that disparity differences between AAW and CW with breast cancer are not attributable to molecular differences inherent to the tumors, but likely stem from other factors such as genetic predisposition to the development of basal-like tumors or altered provision of or response to treatment. Citation Format: Allyson L. Valente, Craig D. Shriver, Rachel E. Ellsworth. Gene expression profiling of breast tumors from African American and Caucasian women: Are molecular differences meaningful. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3270
Enhanced Ventilatory Response to Exercise in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Central Sleep Apnea
Authors: Michael Arzt, Martina Harth, Andreas Luchner, Frank Muders, Stephan R. Holmer, Friedrich C. Blumberg, Günter A.J. Riegger, Michael Pfeifer
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), central sleep apnea (CSA) and enhanced ventilatory response (VE/VCO2 slope) to exercise are common. Both breathing disorders alone indicate poor prognosis in CHF. Although augmented chemosensitivity to CO2 is thought to be one important underlying mechanism for both breathing disorders, it is unclear whether both breathing disorders are related closely in patients with CHF.We investigated 20 CHF patients with clinically important CSA (apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI), number of episodes per hour >or=15) and 10 CHF patients without CSA. Patients with and without CSA did not differ with respect to exercise capacity (peak VO2, 63.4+/-3.4% versus 60.8+/-4.4% of predicted value; P=0.746) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, 31+/-2% versus 31+/-3%; P=0.948). The AHI was not correlated with exercise capacity (peak VO2, percent of predicted value; P=0.260) and LVEF (percent, P=0.886). In contrast, the positive correlation of the VE/VCO2 slope, determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, with the AHI was highly significant (P<0.001). The VE/VCO2 slope was significantly increased in patients with CSA compared with those without CSA (29.7 versus 24.9; P<0.001).The ventilatory response to exercise is significantly augmented in CHF patients with CSA compared with those without. In contrast to peak VO2 and LVEF, the VE/VCO2 slope is strongly related to the severity of CSA in patients with CHF, which underscores an augmented chemosensitivity to CO2 as a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism.
Failure of low-dose heparin to improve efficacy of peroperative intermittent calf compression in preventing postoperative deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: V C Roberts, L T Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The possible benefits of adding a low-dose heparin regimen to the technique of peroperative intermittent calf compression for preventing deep vein thrombosis (D.V.T.) were assessed in a randomized trial in 84 surgical patients. The efficacy of peroperative intermittent calf compression was not enhanced by a low-dose heparin regimen, but neither was it worsened. Age, weight, duration, operation, and malignant disease did not affect the relative effectiveness of the two regimens of prophylaxis. The results confirmed that venous stasis is the principal cause of D.V.T.
Re: Child Abuse
Authors: Richard C. Gross
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Biber in his article, "Iatrogenic Skull Fracture Depression by Use of a Head Clamp" (235:414, 1976) has made an important contribution to the literature of diagnostic radiology, neurology and traumatic medicine. We are, however, concerned that the case report did not mention child abuse as a possible source of the original trauma. The history of a 6-week old infant rolling out of a crib is incompatible with his expected motor development. While a fall of less than 1 meter could result in an injury of this degree, it seems likely that greater force was involved. Weston has found that the most common history reported by first-time abusing parents is a fall from crib, lap, or down stairs.<sup>1</sup> A case such as reported should contain assurances that child abuse was evaluated through appropriate radiologic screening, interview, or follow-up. Medical and allied health professionals should be suspicious of an
Dimethyltryptamine, A Do-It-Yourself Hallucinogenic Drug
Authors: D. R. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Almost immediately after the hallucinogenic effects of drugs such as mescaline, LSD, and peyote were made known, legal and medical restrictions were applied. Those nonmedical individuals who were determined to experience the hallucinatory effects sought illegal supply channels. As restrictions became more effective, the availability of these substances decreased and the price in the illegal market increased. In accordance with economic principles, substitute drugs were eagerly sought. Such exotic preparations as morning glory seeds and desiccated banana peelings have been used. Up to the present a much more effective though less obvious substance has been neglected. There are only fragmentary reports of the presence of this drug, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), appearing in nonmedical channels and being used for "kicks." It is hoped that a brief discussion of its availability and effects will result in recognition of its dangerous potential and will encourage appropriate control measures. Dimethyltryptamine is found
Laser treatment of port wine stains: therapeutic outcome in relation to morphological parameters
Authors: E.J. FISKERSTRAND, L.O. SVAASAND, G. KOPSTAD, M. DALAKER, L.T. NORVANG, G. VOLDEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Thirty patients were treated with a flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser, with 0.45 ms pulse width and 585 nm wavelength. Punch biopsies were taken prior to treatment, and the biopsies were examined morphometrically. Three different test sites were exposed to laser light of fluence 5.25, 6.50 and 7.75 J/cm2. The degree of blanching was examined 6-8 weeks after treatment, and each site was retreated four times. Six patients (20%) achieved poor blanching, eight patients (27%) obtained moderate lightening and 16 patients (53%) showed good response. The vessels of the good responders were located significantly more superficially than the vessels of the moderate and poor responders (P < 0.05). The poor responders had significantly smaller vessels than the moderate and good responders (P < 0.01). The moderate responders had deeper, but larger vessels, than the poor responders. Hence, an increasing vessel diameter reduces the negative outcome of increasing vessel depth. The vessel diameter was correlated to the colour (P < 0.01), e.g. the mean vessel diameter was increasing from 16.5 microns in pink lesions to 51.2 microns in purple lesions. The vessel depth was partly reflected in the lesional colour, as the pink and purple lesions had significantly deeper vessels than the red ones (P = 0.02). These results indicate that pink lesions predict poor blanching due to deeply located small vessels, while red lesions predict a good therapeutic result because of more superficially located vessels.
What Treatments for the Heroin Addict?
Authors: Roger E. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Federal support for<i>community-based</i>drug abuse treatment services began 18 years ago. Prior to 1968, certain states provided services for heroin addicts, generally in locked inpatient settings, while the federal effort was concentrated in the two "narcotic farms" in Lexington, Ky, and Fort Worth, Tex. The introduction of methadone hydrochloride maintenance as an adjunct to the outpatient rehabilitation of heroin addicts<sup>1,2</sup>led to a sense of optimism that ultimately gave concrete form to the drug abuse treatment initiatives begun in 1971 by a new White House agency, the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention. In these days of prospective payment plans, diagnosis related groups (DRGs), and capitation models, it is of interest that the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention in those times identified the costs of service within drug-free therapeutic communities and outpatient methadone hydrochloride maintenance facilities and offered reimbursement on a per capita basis. Since
Contact Dermatitis from Penetration of Rubber Gloves by Acrylic Monomer
Authors: J. S. Pegum, F. A. Medhurst
Journal: BMJ (1971)

An orthopaedic surgeon developed dermatitis from acrylic materials. The acrylic monomer was found to penetrate surgical rubber gloves readily. Cases of "rubber glove dermatitis" with negative patch tests may have a similar explanation. Laboratory tests suggest that monomer does not damage rubber sufficiently to allow bacteria to penetrate gloves, but it remains possible that this would happen under theatre conditions.
Isolation and Characterization of Heparin from Human Lung
Authors: Dean D. Metcalfe, Robert A. Lewis, Jeremiah E. Silbert, Robert D. Rosenberg, Stephen I. Wasserman, K. Frank Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Heparin as measured by azure A metachromasia and anticoagulant activity has been extracted with 1 M NaCl from 35S-labeled human lung fragments or dispersed human lung cells enriched for mast cells. The 35S-labeled metachromatic material in the 3 M NaCl eluate from Dowex-1 chromatography of the extract from lung fragments exhibited an average mol wt of 20,000 by Sepharose 4B gel filtration. The 35S-labeled metachromatic material with the charge characteristics of commercial porcine heparin on DEAE cellulose chromatography was entirely heparin by the criteria of resistance to degradation by chondroitin ABC lyase and complete degradation by purified heparinase. Antithrombin affinity chromatography of purified heparin with an anticoagulant activity of 137 U/mg, revealed that the one-third that was bound and eluted had a 273 U/mg sp act, whereas the unbound activity was 31 U/mg. Thus, the previously observed heterogeneity of commercial porcine heparin for binding to human antithrombin was also observed with human heparin. The mast cell-enriched human lung cell preparations yielded [35S]mucopolysaccharides with an average mol wt of 60,000 by Sepharose 4B gel filtration. Approximately 30% of this fraction was degraded by chondroitin ABC lyase, and the residual 70% was degraded by purified heparinase. When the chondroitin ABC lyase-resistant fraction was subjected to alkali degradation the average mol wt was reduced to 20,000. The calculated human lung mast cell heparin content of 2.4-7.8 μg/106 cells gave a ratio to histamine on a weight basis similar to that of intact lung fragments, thereby implying that heparin in the lung fragments was largely restricted to the mast cells.
CHIROPRACTORS AND LIFE INSURANCE EXAMINATIONS
Authors: Harold M. Camp
Journal: JAMA (1924)

To the Editor:  —One of the comparatively new chiropractic schools, the Peerless College of  of Chicago, in its catalogue, has an article under the heading: Chiropractic Recognized by Big Insurance  It follows:  One of the strongest and surest indications of the great forward made by  within the past few years, lies in the fact it is now recognized by many leading Health and Accident Insurance Companies.  It is significant that many of these large Insurance Companies have come to recognize that a competent Chiropractor is as fully qualified to treat those suffering from sickness or accidents, as is a regular physician.  Among the Health and Accident Insurance Companies which now recognize  to the extent of accepting the signatures in the payment of their claims, may be mentioned the following:  There follows a list of twenty-seven companies, most of which are in accident insurance work almost exclusively.
The CARD11-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signalosome complex: Stepping into the limelight of human primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Stuart E. Turvey, Anne Durandy, Alain Fischer, Shan-Yu Fung, Raif S. Geha, Andreas Gewies, Thomas Giese, Johann Greil, Bärbel Keller, Margaret L. McKinnon, Bénédicte Neven, Jacob Rozmus, Jürgen Ruland, Andrew L. Snow, Polina Stepensky, Klaus Warnatz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Beards, academia, and anaesthesia: a controlled study
Authors: J. Curran, B. Pollard
Journal: BMJ (1996)

One of us (BP) believes that beards, a natural state of affairs, signify wisdom. The other thinks that they are dirty, suiting woolly minded academics disinclined to arise for the morning ablutions. A controlled study was needed.

All 62 readily identifiable male professors, readers, and senior lecturers and 83 NHS consultants in anaesthesia unwittingly took part in a controlled study. The NHS group was randomly selected from a seated block at a recent anaesthetic scientific meeting, data being recorded on the back of its programme (2B blunt pencil). Academics' details were recorded into an electronic spreadsheet (Excel version 6 running on an …
Fasting and Postprandial Glycoxidative and Lipoxidative Stress Are Increased in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Roger K. Schindhelm, Marjan Alssema, Peter G. Scheffer, Michaela Diamant, Jacqueline M. Dekker, Rob Barto, Giel Nijpels, Piet J. Kostense, Robert J. Heine, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Tom Teerlink
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We studied acute changes in markers of glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress, including oxidized LDL, N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)-lysine (CEL), N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), following two consecutive meals.Postmenopausal women (27 with normal glucose metabolism [NGM], 26 with type 2 diabetes) received two consecutive fat-rich meals and two consecutive carbohydrate-rich meals on two occasions. Glucose and triglyceride concentrations were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h following breakfast; lunch was given at 4 h. Oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio, CEL, CML, and 3DG were measured at baseline and at 8 h.Fasting oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio, 3DG, and CML were higher in women with type 2 diabetes compared with women with NGM and were comparable to the postprandial values at 8 h in NGM. Postprandial rises in the oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio and 3DG were similar in both groups. However, the oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio increased more after the fat-rich meals, whereas CML and 3DG increased more after the carbohydrate-rich meals. After the fat-rich meals, the increase in the oxidized LDL-to-LDL cholesterol ratio correlated with postprandial triglycerides, whereas the increase in 3DG was correlated with postprandial glucose.The acute changes in markers of glycoxidative and lipoxidative stress in both type 2 diabetes and NGM suggest that postabsorptive oxidative stress may partly underlie the association of postprandial derangements and cardiovascular risk.
325 Human stem cells can regenerate and transdifferantiate in a immunocompetent rat model of acute hepatitis
Authors: A.C. Piscaglia, C. Di Campli, M. Nestola, S. Rutella, G. Bonanno, A. Mariotti, G. Zannoni, F.M. Vecchio, P. Pola, G. Leone, G. Gasbarrini, A. Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Angiotensin converting enzyme genotypes and disease
Authors: K. K Teo
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Conflicting results from research leave the picture unclear

Ischaemic heart disease has both environmental and genetic influences, but research has concentrated on the environmental angle. The main modifiable risk factors have been identified and preventive measures introduced with substantial success. Our knowledge of genetic factors has yet to be established in the same ways. The idea of routine tests evaluating genetic risk factors seems appealing but it has not been feasible. Test results could not at present provide a clinician with more than confirmation of a positive family history as an indicator of increased susceptibility to the disease.

The picture has changed with recent reports that a genotype of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene may be a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease.1 2 These studies show the potential of modern molecular biology as a research tool for establishing genetic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, in this case a treatment--angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition--is available and may prove useful for those at risk. As yet, however, the predictive utility of the data from genetic and epidemiological studies remains uncertain.

A report in Nature by Cambien et al first raised the possibility of an association between ACE gene polymorphism and increased risk for myocardial infarction in relatively homogeneous groups of French and Irish men. This was a retrospective case control comparison of men studied three to nine months after acute myocardial infarction.1 …
IRON METABOLISM. HEMATOPOIESIS FOLLOWING PHLEBOTOMY. IRON AS A LIMITING FACTOR 1
Authors: Stuart Finch, Donald Haskins, Clement A. Finch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1950)

In the studies to be reported, dogs and men were repeatedly phlebotomized over a period of several months.The bleeding produced anemia and thereby stimulated hematopoiesis.The re- moved blood contained certain materials necessary for production of blood.It was anticipated that red cell stroma, pyrol pigment, and globin would be fabricated with ease while the assimilation of iron would be more limited.Attention was, there- fore, directed toward the iron metabolism of the phlebotomized subjects.In individuals with great variation in body iron stores the degree of anemia produced, the mobilization of body iron and the rate of hematopoiesis were calculated.The re- sults are presented to indicate the role which iron plays in hematopoiesis following the loss of blood. MATERIALS AND METHODSRed cell counts were done with calibrated U. S. Bureau of Standards pipettes in duplicate.Hemoglobin was de- termined colorimetrically by the method of Evelyn (1).Wintrobe tubes were used for hematocrit determinations.Reticulocyte counts were done by the method of Osgood and Wilhelm (2).Serum iron and iron-binding protein were determined as previously reported (3) and bilirubin by the method of Malloy and Evelyn (4).Blood volumes were done using the dye T-1824 according to the method of Gibson and Evelyn with a correction factor as de-
Illness Behavior, Emotional Stress and Psychosocial Factors among Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Luigi Grassi, Roberto Righi, Shariar Makoui, Laura Sighinolfi, Stefano Ferri, Florio Ghinelli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Over the last years the way in which patients with chronic physical illness respond to their illness (illness behavior) has been explored by several studies. This study sought to examine characteristics of illness behavior and to investigate the association between illness behavior and psychosocial and clinical variables among asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Seventy-three asymptomatic HIV+ outpatients completed self-report questionnaires to evaluate illness behavior (Illness Behavior Questionnaire), psychological stress symptoms (Brief Symptom Inventory), personality variables (External Locus of Control and Courtauld Emotional Control Scales) and social support (Social Provision Scale). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Psychological morbidity (‘caseness’ = 34%) was associated with a pattern of illness behavior characterized by conviction of disease progression, irritability, dysphoria, psychological perception of illness and low denial. Individual capacity to express emotions, adequate levels of social support and low levels of depression, as well as clinical variables (high number of CD4+ cells, recent notification of HIV infection and nonintravenous drug use category) influenced a more adaptive illness behavior. Psychological stress and low CD4+ cell count were the main predictors of the affective dimension of illness behavior. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Psychosocial variables resulted to influence the tendency to interpret illness in a nonadaptive way in asymptomatic HIV-infected subjects. Such variables merit to be routinely examined within the doctor-patient relationship in AIDS clinics.