tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Taking Control of Prosthetic Arms
Authors: Gerald E. Loeb
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Solid tumor penetration by integrin-mediated pegylated poly(trimethylene carbonate) nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel
Authors: Xinyi Jiang, Hongliang Xin, Jijin Gu, Ximing Xu, Weiyi Xia, Shuo Chen, Yike Xie, Liangcen Chen, Yanzuo Chen, Xianyi Sha, Xiaoling Fang
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Breast Carcinoma: Risk and Detection
Authors: William G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This handsome book represents the opinion of one of the world's outstanding breast cancer investigators, Cushman D. Haagensen, based on 50 years of meticulous record-keeping, surgery, and research, embellished when appropriate with outside data. It is thus a unique standard with which others may compare. Darrow E. Haagensen, Jr, has written chapter 18, on the "Biochemical Relationship Between Gross Cystic Disease and Breast Carcinoma," and Carol Bodian is responsible for the statistical analyses in the book. As the subtitle suggests, the book is concerned with risk and detection and does not address treatment except briefly as it relates to lobular neoplasia. There are 26 chapters with extensive tables, graphs, and photographs. The first five deal with epidemiological data on predisposing factors such as country, ethnic origin, family history, age at menarche, and parity. A fresh look at benign epithelial lesions of the breast, commonly referred to as "cystic disease," based
Comparative effect of verapamil and nitroglycerin on collateral blood flow.
Authors: R Forman, C Eng, E S Kirk
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The effects of intracoronary verapamil and nitroglycerin on collateral blood flow were compared under conditions where coronary perfusion pressure was held constant with a servopump and the systemic effects of the drugs were minimal. Both drugs were infused into 12 anesthetized dogs after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and regional myocardial blood flow (MBF) was measured using microspheres. Before the LAD occlusion, the myocardium not perfused by the LAD was labeled to permit calculation of the fraction of tissue normally perfused in the LAD samples and corrections for collateral flow. The central ischemic zone contained 2.5 +/- 0.3% normally perfused myocardium and a 4-mm border zone contained 26.8 +/- 4.3% normal myocardium. This border zone contained 10% of the total tissue supplied by the LAD. The MBF in the central ischemic zone increased from 0.101 +/- 0.019 to 0.113 +/- 0.022 ml/min/g after verapamil infusion (NS) and to 0.149 +/- 0.024 ml/min/g after nitroglycerin (p less than 0.01). Uncorrected MBF in the border zone increased significantly after infusion of both verapamil (0.469 +/- 0.085 ml/min/g, p less than 0.01) and nitroglycerin (0.398 +/- 0.056, p less than 0.05). When corrections were made for interdigitating normal tissue in the border zone, only the MBF after nitroglycerin was significantly increased. Thus, nitroglycerin significantly increased the collateral blood flow to ischemic tissue in the central ischemic and border zones, but verapamil did not.
Prevention of Psychiatric Problems among Military Personnel and Their Spouses
Authors: Matthew J. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

It is always important to capture information generated from clinical databases to advance theory and practice. This is certainly the case with two articles in this issue of the Journal. One article addresses the secondary prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by the administration of morphine during resuscitation and early trauma care in U.S. Navy and Marine Corps personnel injured in combat.1 The other article describes increased mental health problems among wives of deployed U.S. Army personnel.2 The search for a “morning-after pill” after exposure to traumatic stress is obviously of great importance. It would be valuable if it . . .
Use of Penicillin Pastilles
Authors: D. A. Long
Journal: BMJ (1947)

This was returned: " The swab contained a green mould.Culture: heavy growth of haemolytic Bact.coli."It is my practice not to switch on the soda-lime absorber for the first few minutes of an induction, so I next took the follow- ing swabs: (1) from the expiratory valve before absorption and ether: sparse growth Bact.coli; (2) from the inspiratory valve before absorption and ether: one mycelial colony only; (3) from the expiratory valve after a half-hour's absorption and ether: sterile; (4) from the inspiratory valve after a half-hour's absorp- tion and ether: sterile.This seemed reassuring, so I used the apparatus for a whole morning's work-the last two cases being short gas-and-oxygen anaesthetics in which I used the Mushin apparatus without absorption, and again I took swabs from the valves and absorber ends of the corrugated tubing.These results were: (1) expiratory valve: a few discrete colonies of pneumo- cocci ; (2) inspiratory valve: sterile after 24 hours' culture.I may add that the face-pieces are immersed in biniodide solution between cases, but the corrugated tubing is merely hung up when not in use.It seems safe, therefore, to deduce that there is no danger.of cross-infection from bacteria in a modern anaesthetic apparatus using soda-lime absorption, and it even seems safe without the use of soda lime.There is still the possibility of virus cross- infection, and this is a matter which is perhaps worthy of in- vestigation.-Iam, etc., Worthing.F. R. GUSTERSON.
Quality Assurance Today and Tomorrow: Forecast for the Future
Authors: Robert Henry Brook, Kathleen Nies Williams, Allyson Davies Avery
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

We review here the definition, history, and current findings of quality assessment. Difficulties with quality assessment center principally on methods problems, including using the medical record as a source of information, using process versus outcome criteria, and ignoring decision analysis methods in establishing quality criteria. One overriding issue is placing a value on health and, by extension, on quality assurance and assessment efforts; another is the degree to which improvements in the quality of care can be achieved through changes in physician practices. Several sets of recommendations address these topics. With the assumption that such recommendations could be acted on in a transition period, a hypothetical quality assurance system is described for the 1980s and beyond. This system is based on preservation of the fee-for-service system, adoption of a national health insurance plan, and minimal federal involvement in quality of care decisions at the regional level.
Nitric Oxide Is an Activity-Dependent Regulator of Target Neuron Intrinsic Excitability
Authors: Joern R. Steinert, Susan W. Robinson, Huaxia Tong, Martin D. Haustein, Cornelia Kopp-Scheinpflug, Ian D. Forsythe
Journal: Neuron (2011)

Activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength are well established as mediating long-term plasticity underlying learning and memory, but modulation of target neuron excitability could complement changes in synaptic strength and regulate network activity. It is thought that homeostatic mechanisms match intrinsic excitability to the incoming synaptic drive, but evidence for involvement of voltage-gated conductances is sparse. Here, we show that glutamatergic synaptic activity modulates target neuron excitability and switches the basis of action potential repolarization from Kv3 to Kv2 potassium channel dominance, thereby adjusting neuronal signaling between low and high activity states, respectively. This nitric oxide-mediated signaling dramatically increases Kv2 currents in both the auditory brain stem and hippocampus (>3-fold) transforming synaptic integration and information transmission but with only modest changes in action potential waveform. We conclude that nitric oxide is a homeostatic regulator, tuning neuronal excitability to the recent history of excitatory synaptic inputs over intervals of minutes to hours.
TV: Dying for Drugs
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Channel 4, 27 April at 8 30 pm Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> “They're not just pushing pills—they're pushing life or death.” Thus said Drummond Rennie, the editor of JAMA , during True Vision's documentary about Big Pharma (note the Orwellian echo). True Vision specialises in documentaries about social issues. Their work includes The Dying Rooms and Return to the Dying Rooms (about China's state orphanages) and Schoolgirl Killer (about bride abduction in Ethiopia). In Dying for Drugs their premise was that some pharmaceutical company activities in developing countries can cause deaths. Four stories made the point. The first was about an outbreak of meningitis in Kano, Nigeria, in 1996. About 150 000 people were infected, and 15 000 died. Pfizer arrived several weeks after Médecins Sans Frontières and performed a trial of trovafloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic. They are accused of not having obtained prior approval from an ethics committee nor … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Lack of Myoglobin Causes a Switch in Cardiac Substrate Selection
Authors: Ulrich Flögel, Tim Laussmann, Axel Gödecke, Nadine Abanador, Michael Schäfers, Christian Dominik Fingas, Sabine Metzger, Bodo Levkau, Christoph Jacoby, Jürgen Schrader
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Myoglobin is an important intracellular O 2 binding hemoprotein in heart and skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, disruption of myoglobin in mice (myo −/− ) resulted in no obvious phenotype and normal cardiac function was suggested to be mediated by structural alterations that tend to steepen the oxygen pressure gradient from capillary to mitochondria. Here we report that lack of myoglobin causes a biochemical shift in cardiac substrate utilization from fatty acid to glucose oxidation. Proteome and gene expression analysis uncovered key enzymes of mitochondrial β-oxidation as well as the nuclear receptor PPARα to be downregulated in myoglobin-deficient hearts. Using FDG-PET we showed a substantially increased in vivo cardiac uptake of glucose in myo −/− mice (6.7±2.3 versus 0.8±0.5% of injected dose in wild-type, n=5, P &lt;0.001), which was associated with an upregulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4. The metabolic switch was confirmed by 13 C NMR spetroscopic isotopomer studies of isolated hearts which revealed that [1,6- 13 C 2 ]glucose utilization was increased in myo −/− hearts (38±8% versus 22±5% in wild-type, n=6, P &lt;0.05), and concomitantly, [U- 13 C 16 ]palmitate utilization was decreased in the myoglobin-deficient group (42±6% versus 63±11% in wild-type, n=6, P &lt;0.05). Because of the O 2 -sparing effect of glucose utilization, the observed shift in substrate metabolism benefits energy homoeostasis and therefore represents a molecular adaptation process allowing to compensate for lack of the cytosolic oxygen carrier myoglobin. Furthermore, our data suggest that an altered myoglobin level itself may be a critical determinant for substrate selection in the heart. The full text of this article is available online at http://circres.ahajournals.org.
The Origin and Development of the Nervous System from a Physiological Viewpoint.
Authors: Charles Manning Child
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thomas Ernest Oppe
Authors: Alan Craft
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Thomas Ernest Oppe (“Tom”), who died on 25 June, was a pioneer in the development of health services for children and in particular the nutrition of babies.

In the first half of the 20th century the vast majority of babies were breast fed and the few who could not be nourished in this way were given cows’ milk which had been minimally modified to remove some of the high concentrations of protein. After the second world war this all changed and the majority of babies were bottle fed and were weaned on to solid foods at a younger and younger age. This led to increasing numbers of babies being diagnosed with coeliac disease at an early age with consequent serious nutritional problems. There were also many babies being admitted to hospital with high concentrations of sodium in the blood and low concentrations of calcium, causing convulsions. Tom did pioneering work to help understand what was the best form of nutrition for children and chaired the Department of Health and Social Security’s working party which produced a series of reports, including in 1974 Present Day Practice in Infant Feeding . It recommended that breast feeding was the preferred method of feeding even in a socially developed country, that infant formulas, or baby milks as they were then called, should contain substantially less protein, sodium, and other minerals than was …
Survey of Cervical Cytology in General Practice
Authors: B. Scaife
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a practice in an industrial area a cervical cytology service was offered to women, and in the years 1967-70 280 cervical smears were carried out. In 1971 all women born between 1 January 1920 and 31 December 1935 who had not had a cervical smear taken in the preceding four years were sent a letter explaining the service and inviting them to attend. Those who did not attend received a second letter and, if necessary, a visit by a nurse in an effort to persuade them to do so.Eventually 88.4% of the women in this age group who could be traced attended, and 16 abnormal cervical smears were reported. As a result of cone biopsy 12 women were found to have carcinoma in situ.
ULTEAVIOLET THERAPY OF PSORIASIS: A CRITICAL STUDY
Authors: E. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— By means of the method of paired comparisons in 33 patients, the value of the treatment of psoriasis by u.v. irradiation, especially in combination with coal tar, is analysed. In all cases u.v. light failed to cause any demonstrable therapeutic effect.
Validity of transcutaneous oxygen/carbon dioxide pressure measurement in the monitoring of mechanical ventilation in stable chronic respiratory failure
Authors: V. Rosner, B. Hannhart, F Chabot, J.m Polu
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The accuracy and precision of transcutaneous pressure measurements of oxygen (Ptc,O2) and carbon dioxide (Ptc,CO2) in the monitoring of nocturnal assisted ventilation in adult patients were evaluated. Transcutaneous measurements obtained with two analysers, Radiometer TINATCM3 (R) and Kontron MicroGas-7650 (K), were compared with arterial blood gases analysed in blood samples withdrawn simultaneously in 10 patients. Sensors were heated to 43 degrees C. Measurements of transcutaneous blood gases and arterial blood gases were collected six times at 1-h intervals. The data obtained with both instruments were similar and did not significantly change over the 5 h test period. Measurement of Ptc,O2 underestimated arterial oxygen tension (Pa,O2) and this underestimation increased with the level of Pa,O2 (p&lt;0.01). Measurements of Ptc,CO2 overestimated arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa,CO2) and this overestimation increased with the level of Pa,CO2 (p&lt;0.05). These errors suggested an instrumental bias. Mathematical correction of this bias neutralized the error in accuracy and improved the precision (SD of the differences transcutaneous blood gases - arterial blood gases). An additional correction, suppressing the between-subject scattering, improved the actual precision: precision was reduced from 1.9 to 0.8 kPa (14.4 to 5.7 mmHg) (R) and from 1.7 to 0.5 kPa (13.1 to 3.7 mmHg) (K) for oxygen, and from 1.0 kPa (7.8 mmHg) (R) and 0.7 kPa (5.6 mmHg) (K) to 0.4 kPa (3.2 mmHg) for carbon dioxide (R and K). In conclusion, with these two successive corrections, transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide provide a reliable estimation of blood gases to monitor nocturnal ventilation in adults with chronic respiratory failure.
DNA Methylation in the Arginase–Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway Is Associated with Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Children with Asthma
Authors: Carrie V. Breton, Hyang-Min Byun, Xinhui Wang, Muhammad T. Salam, Kim Siegmund, Frank D. Gilliland
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Genetic variation in arginase (ARG) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been associated with exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels in children. Little is known about whether epigenetic variation in these genes modulates FeNO.Objectives: To evaluate whether DNA methylation in ARG and NOS genes is associated with FeNO.Methods: A subset of 940 participants in the Children's Health Study were selected for this study. Children were eligible if they had FeNO measurements and buccal cells collected on the same day. CpG loci located in the promoter regions of NOS1, NOS2A, NOS3, ARG1, and ARG2 genes were analyzed. Multiple loci in each gene were evaluated individually and averaged together. DNA methylation was measured using a bisulfite–polymerase chain reaction pyrosequencing assay. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between DNA methylation and FeNO and whether associations differed by asthma status.Measurements and Main Results: DNA methylation in ARG2 was significantly associated with FeNO. A 1% increase in average DNA methylation of ARG2 was associated with a 2.3% decrease in FeNO (95% confidence interval, −4 to −0.6). This association was significantly larger in children with asthma (%diff = −8.7%) than in children with no asthma (%diff = −1.6%; pint = 0.01). Differences in FeNO by asthma status were also observed for ARG1 (%diffasthma = −4.4%; %diffnon-asthma = 0.3%; pint = 0.02). DNA methylation in NOS genes was not associated with FeNO.Conclusions: DNA methylation in ARG1 and ARG2 is associated with FeNO in children with asthma and suggests a possible role for epigenetic regulation of nitric oxide production.
Mitral cleft in ostium primum atrial septal defect assessed by cross-sectional echocardiography.
Authors: S Beppu, Y Nimura, H Sakakibara, S Nagata, Y D Park, K Baba, Y Naito, M Ohta, T Kamiya, H Koyanagi, T Fujita
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We attempted to detect mitral deformities in ostium primum atrial septal defect using real-time cross-sectional echocardiography. Transverse sections of the anterior mitral leaflet echo were examined in 11 patients with this malformation who subsequently received surgical treatment. The section for observing the transverse view of te anterior leaflet was along the sagittal plane of the body, because of the deformity of the mitral annulus. Each echocardiographic finding was compared with the surgical and angiographic findings. On the echocardiogram, the superior and inferior parts of the anterior mitral leaflet separated into two parts during diastole in all patients with mitral cleft. Thin linear echoes connected the ridges of the cleft and the ventricular septum in seven patients in whom the accessory chordae at that area were revealed at surgery. The systolic configuration of the anterior leaflet echo varied among the patients. The severity of the miral regurgitation seemed to relate not only to the size of the cleft but also to the systolic configuration of the anterior mitral leaflet. After surgery, diastolic separation of the anterior leaflet echo was no longer observed. However, the abnormal systolic configuration of the anterior leaflet was unchanged.
Fracture of Biliary Endoprosthesis after Endoscopic Drainage for Malignant Biliary Obstruction. Report of Two Cases
Authors: A. Mallat, M.-F. Saint-Marc Girardin, B. Meduri, C. Liguory, D. Dhumeaux
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The authors report two cases of fracture of a biliary endoprosthesis inserted endoscopically to treat malignant biliary obstruction. To their knowledge, such a complication has never been reported. In both cases, the fracture was revealed by cholangitis which occurred three and eight months after insertion. Successful treatment was achieved by replacement of the biliary stent.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: ROGER J. POMERANTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been detected in cervical secretions from HIV-infected women. We report the isolation of HIV from four cervical biopsy specimens. Cervicitis was shown by immunohistochemical staining in cervical biopsy specimens from four HIV-seropositive women; cervicitis was not found in cervical biopsy specimens from four HIV-seronegative women. We found HIV antigens in monocyte-macrophages and endothelial cells within the submucosa of three of these cervices by specific immunohistochemical staining. Small numbers of HIV-infected cells resembling lymphocytes also were found in the cervical mucosa. The virus was not shown by culture or immunohistochemistry in cervical biopsy specimens from the four HIV-seronegative women. These findings suggest that HIV enters cervical secretions from selected infected cell populations within the cervical tissue. The HIV-infected cells in cervical tissue may be involved in transmission of HIV by heterosexual contact and to neonates born to HIV-infected women.