tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal Mortality in Developing Countries
Authors: Allan Rosenfield
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Maternal mortality is one of the great neglected problems of health care in developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 500,000 women die each year from pregnancy-related causes, more than 98% of these deaths occurring in the developing world. Maternal mortality rates in developing countries are as much as 100 times higher than those seen in industrialized countries. The most common causes include obstructed labor and ruptured uterus, postpartum hemorrhage, eclampsia, postpartum infection, and complications of illegal abortion. It is suggested that no new or costly technologies are needed; rather that appropriate priority-setting and allocation of needed resources are essential to the solution of the problem. There are few interventions that hold much hope of success at the village level, although antibiotics, ergonovine maleate, and sedatives might be usefully utilized, after appropriate training. Overall, however, networks of maternity care facilities, trained personnel, and means of transport are necessary to provide needed emergency maternity care services.
Abstract 4838: Exploration of genome-wide two-locus SNP-SNP interactions relate to nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility.
Authors: Wen-Hui Su, Kai-Ping Chang, Yin Yao Shugart, Yu-Sun Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Most of the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are concentrated on the detection main effects and can only explain only a small fraction of the genetic risk. One possible explanation might be the existence of interactions between loci. This effect might be missed in traditional GWAS analysis. Testing for SNP-SNP interaction within a single GWAS study can identify the stronger results that are revealed when genes interact. Here, we have completed the genome-wide two-locus SNP-SNP interaction analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We started with the NPC GWAS dataset as our Discovery dataset, then we performed an exhaustive genome-wide two-locus search by pairing each SNP sets according to chromosome positions for PLINK epistasis analysis. The analysises were also performed within each SNP sets to ensure every SNP has performed epistasis analysis with all the other SNPs in the dataset. In total, there were 4,244,943 unique interactions after the genome-wide two-locus epistasis analysis. The top 10,000 interaction pairs from the Discovery dataset were selected for validation test in a subset of independent samples. Finally, 67 SNP pairs remain significant in Validation and Combined analysis and can successfully passed permutation tests for 10,000 times. The 67 significant interaction pairs can be clustered into 39 interaction groups which 12 (32%) of the 39 clusters were with at least two nearby SNPs from one of the interaction chromosome. This study represents one of the first attempts to explore the high-dimensional genetic architecture of NPC on a genome-wide scale. Citation Format: Wen-Hui Su, Kai-Ping Chang, Yin Yao Shugart, Yu-Sun Chang. Exploration of genome-wide two-locus SNP-SNP interactions relate to nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4838. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4838
Massachusetts proposes putting providers on budget to rein in healthcare spending
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A commission appointed by the governor and legislature in Massachusetts has called for reform of the state’s health policy in the next five years that would end payments for service, switching instead to a system that pays a fixed fee to cover a person’s care for a whole year. 

The aim is that by working within a set budget, providers would have to better coordinate patients’ care, with the hope that quality would improve and costs fall. The new policy will require the creation of integrated care, from the family doctor to specialists and hospitals.

Massachusetts would be the first state to adopt such a “global payment” …
Occult Temporal Arteritis
Authors: Robert S. Hepler
Journal: JAMA (1970)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— Occult Temporal Arteritis, by Jose A. Gutrecht, MD, (213:1188, 1970) provides a useful reminder of the multiple manifestations, the potentially devastating consequences, and the initially subtle signs and symptoms in this important disease.The article concludes with the statement: An increased sedimentation rate must be followed by a temporal artery biopsy which will show the classic findings of a granulomatous, giant-cell arteritis. Unfortunately, this is not necessarily true, and this common misconception has led physicians to fail to treat cases which have terminated disastrously. As the references provided in Dr. Gutrecht's article (and many others) will indicate, the pathological involvement of arteries in temporal arteritis is segmental. Hence normal findings from biopsy of a superficial temporal artery does not rule out temporal arteritis, and abnormal findings are not required to strongly suspect the diagnosis.In my own experience, and in that of others interested in neuro-ophthalmology,
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction Due to Nonocclusive Distention of Large Pulmonary Arteries in the Dog
Authors: ALBERT L. HYMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The pulmonary vascular changes caused by distention of the pulmonary artery with the lumen fixed were compared to those produced by occlusive arterial distention. In 13 urethane-anesthetized dogs, nonocclusive distention was produced by distention of a corrugated rubber cuff around a hollow metal cylinder affixed to the end of a cardiac catheter. In 10 other dogs, occlusive distention was produced by inflation of a standard balloon catheter. Pressures were measured in large and small pulmonary veins and in the left and right atria with transseptal techniques, and in the pulmonary and femoral arteries. Simultaneously, pulmonary blood volume and flow were measured with dyedilution techniques. Pulmonary arteriovenous shunting was studied with the hydrogen-electrode technique. Nonocclusive distention of a pulmonary artery greatly increased pulmonary arterial and venous pressure and decreased pulmonary blood volume without changing left atrial pressure or cardiac output. Pulmonary vascular resistances increased, and pulmonary arteriovenous shunting was detected. Occlusive distention of one pulmonary artery caused smaller increases in pressure in the pulmonary artery and vein of the unobstructed lung. Vascular resistances in the unobstructed lung decreased, while blood volume and flow in that lung doubled. Pulmonary arterial distention leads to active constriction of the pulmonary arteries and veins, but these responses may be obscured by the passive responses to increasing blood flow and volume.
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
Authors: Mitchel H. Mernick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The importance of patient participation in the decision not to resuscitate is widely accepted.<sup>1</sup>Bedell et al,<sup>2</sup>in a study of 521 patients who had a cardiopulmonary arrest, found that 76% of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were written without patient participation because of abnormal mental status (due to dementia, encephalopathy, or coma). <h3>Study.—</h3> We examined a cohort of 133 consecutive admissions to an acute medical ward of a 966-bed teaching hospital. We looked for the presence of delirium both on admission and prospectively until discharge using<i>DSM-III</i>criteria, a definition inclusive of both encephalopathy and coma. In addition, we took note of any history of dementia and whether a DNR order was written. Thirteen (72%) of the 18 patients who died in our cohort were designated DNR, four from the day of admission and nine later in the hospital course. Ten (77%) of the 13 patients
THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN RELATION TO ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: FREDERICK P. GAY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

There is no more important, more considered and less conclusively settled question in immunology than the place of antibody formation in the animal body. Ehrlich has asserted, and it has been rather generally assumed, that each of the innumerable and characteristic chemical groupings in cells has specific affinity for some foreign substance, nutritive or toxic, that may enter the body. And again, Ehrlich assumed that the cell or part of a cell that unites with any particular foreign protein is the potential antibody-former for that antigen (receptor hypothesis).  The general lines of inquiry to determine the seat of antibody formation have been to seek the tissue in which a given antigen is fixed; to determine the locality where the corresponding antibody may first be detected; or to prevent the formation of the antibody either by specific injury (benzene [C 6 H 6 ] roentgen ray), or by extirpation of an organ.
GPs owe it to patients to understand evidence for treating mild hypertension in people at low risk
Authors: J. S. Treadwell
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Martin and colleagues draw attention to the treatment of mild hypertension in people at low risk.1 The publication of the 2012 Cochrane review highlighting the absence of direct evidence for drug treatment of mild hypertension created barely a ripple in the medical world yet should have profoundly shifted attitudes and …
Study of the Relationship Between Plasma Volume and Transcapillary Protein Exchange Using I <sup>131</sup> -Labeled Albumin and I <sup>125</sup> -Labeled Globulin
Authors: W. GORDON WALKER, RICHARD S. ROSS, JOHN D. S. HAMMOND
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

A mean transcapillary exchange rate for albumin and gamma globulin has been obtained from plasma disappearance curves of I 131 -labeled albumin and I 125 -labeled gamma globulin. A much closer correlation exists between transcapillary exchange rate for albumin and the plasma volume than between the rate and serum albumin concentrations. Also, for albumin this rate varies with plasma volume and circulating protein in such a manner as to suggest that the capillary permeability changes with changing plasma volume. The relation between vascular and extravascular albumin is consistent with this interpretation, the extravascular mass of albumin appearing to approach zero as vascular albumin approaches the vicinity of 0.35 Gm/Kg. In experiments in which I 131 -labeled albumin and I 125 -labeled globulin were employed to obtain simultaneous data on albumin and gamma globulin, a good correlation has been obtained between the simultaneously measured albumin and globulin transcapillary exchange rates. The ratio of the fractional capillary exchange rates of these 2 substances is very nearly the same as the ratio of their diffusion coefficients, a relation to be expected if diffusion is the mechanism of transcapillary exchange.
Assesment of Left Atrial Volume in Patients with Mitral Annular Calcification With Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Adil Bayramoglu, Yılmaz Ömür Otlu, Şıho Hidayet, Hakan Taşolar, Fuat Kurt, Hasan Pekdemir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Treatment of Depressive Conditions in Later Life
Authors: Jeffrey M. Lyness
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical diagnosis of intracranial haemorrhage using Guy's Hospital score.
Authors: P A Sandercock, C M Allen, R N Corston, M J Harrison, C P Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1985)

We tested the Guy9s Hospital stroke diagnostic score using the clinical data from two independent samples of patients with acute stroke. These were 228 patients from the Oxfordshire community stroke project and 130 referred to the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases in London. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography or necropsy in each case. The optimum cut off point on the clinical score for the differentiation of intracranial haemorrhage from infarction was found to be the same for both the patients in our study and those from whose data the score was derived originally. Set at this level, the score achieved a sensitivity for the diagnosis of haemorrhage of 81% and 88% in the patients from Oxford and London, respectively. In those from Oxford infarction was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 78% with an overall predictive accuracy of 78% with an overall London the sensitivity for infarction was also 78% with an overall predictive accuracy of 82%. When it is essential to exclude intracerebral blood before starting treatment in the small proportion of patients with stroke who require anticoagulation the Guy9s Hospital score is not sufficiently accurate to replace computed tomography. The score is, however, the most accurate clinical means of differentiating haemorrhage from infarction as the cause of stroke. It is suggested that it should be used as a screening test in epidemiological studies and in large scale trials of low risk treatment for the secondary prevention of stroke when computed tomography in all cases is impracticable.
Endothelial Cell-Initiated Signaling Promotes the Survival and Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Sudha Krishnamurthy, Zhihong Dong, Dmitry Vodopyanov, Atsushi Imai, Joseph I. Helman, Mark E. Prince, Max S. Wicha, Jacques E. Nör
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Recent studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells play an important role in the pathobiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, little is known about functional interactions between head and neck cancer stem-like cells (CSC) and surrounding stromal cells. Here, we used aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and CD44 expression to sort putative stem cells from primary human HNSCC. Implantation of 1,000 CSC (ALDH+CD44+Lin-) led to tumors in 13 (out of 15) mice, whereas 10,000 noncancer stem cells (ALDH-CD44-Lin-) resulted in 2 tumors in 15 mice. These data demonstrated that ALDH and CD44 select a subpopulation of cells that are highly tumorigenic. The ability to self-renew was confirmed by the observation that ALDH+CD44+Lin- cells sorted from human HNSCC formed more spheroids (orospheres) in 3-D agarose matrices or ultra-low attachment plates than controls and were serially passaged in vivo. We observed that approximately 80% of the CSC were located in close proximity (within 100-μm radius) of blood vessels in human tumors, suggesting the existence of perivascular niches in HNSCC. In vitro studies demonstrated that endothelial cell-secreted factors promoted self-renewal of CSC, as demonstrated by the upregulation of Bmi-1 expression and the increase in the number of orospheres as compared with controls. Notably, selective ablation of tumor-associated endothelial cells stably transduced with a caspase-based artificial death switch (iCaspase-9) caused a marked reduction in the fraction of CSC in xenograft tumors. Collectively, these findings indicate that endothelial cell-initiated signaling can enhance the survival and self-renewal of head and neck CSC.
Association of Nonspecific Minor ST-T Abnormalities With Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Martha L. Daviglus, Youlian Liao, Philip Greenland, Alan R. Dyer, Kiang Liu, Xiaoyuan Xie, Cheng-Fang Huang, Ronald J. Prineas, Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextMinor electrocardiographic (ECG) ST-T abnormalities are common, but their prognostic importance has not been fully determined.ObjectiveTo examine associations of single (1 time only) and multiple (2 times only and ≥3 times) nonspecific minor ST-T abnormalities in 5 years with long-term mortality due to myocardial infarction (MI), coronary heart disease (CHD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and all causes in middle-aged men.DesignProspective cohort study (29-year follow-up after 5 annual examinations).Setting and ParticipantsA total of 1673 men employed at the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Ill, aged 40 to 55 years at entry, with no evidence of CHD and no major ECG abnormalities throughout the first 5-year period.Main Outcome MeasuresMinor ST-T abnormalities identified from annual resting ECGs and mortality ascertained from death certificates.ResultsOf the 1673 men, 173 had evidence of isolated nonspecific minor ST-T segment abnormalities. During the follow-up period, there were 234 deaths due to MI, 352 deaths due to CHD, 463 deaths due to CVD, and 889 deaths due to all causes. For men with 3 or more annual recordings of minor ST-T abnormalities, risk of death due to MI, CHD, CVD, and all causes was significantly greater than for those with normal ECG findings. For men with 3 or more ECGs with minor ST-T abnormalities, relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) adjusted for cardiovascular and other risk factors were 2.28 (1.16-4.49), 2.39 (1.39-4.12), 2.30 (1.44-3.68), and 1.60 (1.06-2.42), respectively, with a graded relationship between frequency of occurrence of ST-T abnormalities and mortality risk (linear trend, P≤.007).ConclusionsPersistent, minor, nonspecific ST-T abnormalities are associated with increased long-term risk of mortality due to MI, CHD, CVD, and all causes; the higher the frequency of occurrence of minor ST-T abnormalities, the greater the risk. These data underscore the potential value of including nonspecific ECG findings in the overall assessment of cardiovascular risk.
Vitamin E Derivative Packs Anticancer Punch
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Botulinum Toxin Injection after Biliary Sphincterotomy
Authors: A. Gorelick, J. Barnett, W. Chey, M. Anderson, G. Elta
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is associated with a high risk of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which may be secondary to residual pancreatic sphincter hypertension. It was hypothesized that botulinum toxin injection could be used to reduce pancreatic sphincter hypertension temporarily in SOD patients after biliary sphincterotomy, thereby reducing the rate of procedure-induced pancreatitis. Patients and Methods: All patients undergoing ERCP with manometry due to a suspected biliary SOD were asked to participate in the study. Patients with elevated basal sphincter pressures were randomly assigned to receive either botulinum toxin or a sham saline injection after biliary sphincterotomy. Fifty units of botulinum toxin were delivered via a sclerotherapy needle in the form of two 25-U injections of 0.25 ml each into the pancreatic sphincter. In patients in the sham arm, 0.50 ml of saline was injected into the duodenal lumen.
Human hepatic stellate cells express membrane proteins involved in antigen presentation and T-cell activation and internalize extracellular material
Authors: P. Sancho-Bru, O. Vinas, R. Bataller, P. Gines, J. Colmenero, C. Berenguer, C. Enrich, J.M. Nicolas, G. Ercilla, T. Gallart, J. Vives, V. Arroyo, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Field Triage Reduces Treatment Delay and Improves Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sune H. Pedersen, Soren Galatius, Peter R. Hansen, Rasmus Mogelvang, Steen Z. Abildstrom, Rikke Sørensen, Ulla Davidsen, Anders Galloe, Ulrik Abildgaard, Allan Iversen, Jan Bech, Jan K. Madsen, Jan S. Jensen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Quadriplegia, Orthostatic Hypotension, and Phenelzine with Tyramine
Authors: CHARLES A. WOOD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1985Quadriplegia, Orthostatic Hypotension, and Phenelzine with TyramineCHARLES A. WOOD JR., Pharm.D., JOHN RIDDLE, M.D., RALPH REED, M.D., CONNIE PAUL, Ph.D.CHARLES A. WOOD JR., Pharm.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN RIDDLE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RALPH REED, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, CONNIE PAUL, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-803_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Orthostatic hypotension is a common problem in patients after spinal cord injury, especially in patients who have had vagotomy (1). Various commonly recommended combinations of physical and medical treatments are usually effective. We present the case report of a patient with C7-C8 quadriplegia and chronic orthostatic hypotension unresponsive to conventional therapy but treated successfully with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and tyramine.A 65-year-old man had been injured in a fall in 1964 and suffered a C7-C8 incomplete quadriplegia. He has been followed by the spinal cord injury service at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Memphis since...References1. CLAUS-WALKERHALSTEAD JL. Metabolic and endocrine changes in spinal cord injury: II (section 1). Consequences of partial decentralization of the autonomic nervous system. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1982;63:569-75. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. NANDAJOHNSONKEOGH RRH. Treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and tyramine. Lancet. 1976;2:1164-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Memphis, TN 38104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByOrthostatic Hypotension: Therapeutic Alternatives for Geriatric Patients 1 November 1985Volume 103, Issue 5Page: 803-804KeywordsFallsHypotensionMonoamine oxidase inhibitorsSpinal cord injuryVagotomy Issue Published: 1 November 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...