tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 10 polymorphisms as predictors of sustained response in antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: L Yee
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Host genetic factors have been reported to influence the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We examined whether variation in interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) genes would predict the likelihood of sustained response to antiviral therapy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellites at two loci encoding the cytokines IL-10 and TNF-α were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. Their relationship to the outcome of antiviral therapy for chronic HCV infection was studied in 49 white patients who had a virologically sustained response (SR) and in 55 white nonresponders (NR) to a combination of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin (IFN + R). Several IL-10 variants were more frequent among SRs compared with NRs. Carriage of the −592A or the −819T SNP was associated with SR (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; P = .016). The −592A/A and the exclusively linked −819T/T genotypes were also associated with SR (OR = 16.6; P = .013 for either). The haplotype consisting of the 108-bp IL-10.R microsatellite and −3575T, −2763C, −1082A, −819T, −592A was also associated with SR (OR = 2.65; P = .01). Stratification for viral genotype, baseline viral RNA concentration, and histologic status identified homozygosity for the haplotype as the principal determinant: all 5 homozygous individuals achieved SR (ORcrude = 13.7; P = .025; stratified ORs = 1.9-7.0), whereas heterozygotes differed only slightly from wild-type carriers. In contrast, TNF alleles defined by promoter sequences −238G/A and −308G/A were approximately equally distributed among SR and NR. In conclusion, homozygosity for −592A, −819T or the extended haplotype (108bp) − (−2575T) − (−2763C) − (−1082A) − (−819T) − (−592A) is associated with SR to IFN + R.
Effectiveness of systematic monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in daily practice: a multicentre, cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: J Fransen, H Bernelot Moens, I Speyer, P L C M van Riel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To test the efficacy of standardised monitoring using the disease activity index DAS28 versus usual care on disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) prescription and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.A 24 week cluster randomised trial. Rheumatology outpatient centres were randomised to systematic monitoring of disease activity using the DAS28 (12 centres, 205 patients) or usual care (12 centres, 179 patients). The aim for the DAS group was to reach a DAS28 score of < or =3.2 by changes in DMARD treatment, at the discretion of the rheumatologist and the patient.At baseline, disease activity was the same in both groups, with an overall mean (SD) DAS28 of 4.5 (1.2); 13% of the patients had a DAS28 of < or =3.2. At 24 weeks, 31% of patients in the DAS group had a DAS28 < or =3.2, while in the usual care centres this was 16% (p = 0.028). DMARDs were changed on average in 18% of visits in the DAS centres; in the 12 usual care centres they were changed on 8% of the visits (p = 0.013). The doses of methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and corticosteroids appeared to be higher in the DAS centres than in the usual care centres, but the differences were not significant.In daily practice, systematic monitoring of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis may lead to more changes in DMARD treatment, resulting in a larger number of patients with low disease activity.
Relationship Between Uncontrolled Risk Factors and C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients Receiving Standard or Intensive Statin Therapy for Acute Coronary Syndromes in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Trial
Authors: Kausik K. Ray, Christopher P. Cannon, Richard Cairns, David A. Morrow, Nader Rifai, Ajay J. Kirtane, Carolyn H. McCabe, Allan M. Skene, C. Michael Gibson, Paul M. Ridker, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Pain, pus, and blood
Authors: J. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Thackray Medical Museum opened in Leeds on 25 March, claiming to be the only one of its kind in the world. It was inspired by a collection of 25 000 medical objects amassed by Paul Thackray, great grandson of the founder of the Leeds firm of equipment manufacturers. Its uniqueness, however, comes from “looking at medicine through the eyes of ordinary people.”

As far as the museum is concerned, medical history begins in 1842 with the Chadwick report into poverty in early Victorian Britain. The wretched conditions of the poor in Leeds inspired some memorable passages in the report, and museum visitors congregate in front of a video screen to hear these. The measured anger of the reformers is still impressive.

Visitors then pass through a vivid …
Progressive tracheal and superior vena caval compression caused by benign neurofibromatosis.
Authors: R el Oakley, G J Grotte
Journal: Thorax (1994)

The case history presented is of a patient with progressive tracheal and superior vena caval compression caused by a benign neurofibroma, a previously unrecognised feature of neurofibromatosis. The patient was successfully treated by surgical decompression.
Distinct contributions of CD4+ and CD8+naive and memory T-cell subsets to overall T-cell–receptor repertoire complexity following transplantation of T-cell–depleted CD34-selected hematopoietic progenitor cells from unrelated donors
Authors: Matthias Eyrich, Tanja Croner, Christine Leiler, Peter Lang, Peter Bader, Thomas Klingebiel, Dietrich Niethammer, Paul G. Schlegel
Journal: Blood (2002)
Cysteinyl leukotrienes are involved in angiotensin II-induced contraction of aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: F Stanke-Labesque
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Non specific lipoxygenase inhibitors have been reported to reduce the in vitro constrictor response and the in vivo pressor effect of angiotensin II in rats. The aim of this study was to assess the role of cysteinyl leukotrienes, in the vascular response to angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Rings of thoracic aorta from SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were compared in terms of contractile responses and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes in response to angiotensin II.Pretreatment with the specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor AA861 10 microM reduced the efficacy of angiotensin II in intact and endothelium-denuded aorta from SHR (% inhibition vs. control: 65+/-12.6% with endothelium (n=6), P<0.05; 43+/-7.2% without endothelium (n=6), P<0.05) but not in aorta from WKY. In addition, in aorta from SHR, the CysLT(1) receptor antagonist MK571 1 microM reduced by 55+/-6.1% (n=6, P<0.05) the contractile effects of angiotensin II in rings with endothelium but not in endothelium-denuded rings. Angiotensin II induced a 8.6+/-2.1-fold increase in cysteinyl leukotriene production in aorta rings from SHR with endothelium which was prevented by the AT(1) receptor antagonist losartan 1 microM but not by the AT(2) receptor antagonist PD123319 0.1 microM. In aorta rings from WKY, cysteinyl leukotriene production remained unchanged after exposition to angiotensin II. The cysteinyl leukotrienes (up to 0.1 microM) induced contractions in aorta rings from SHR but not from WKY.These data suggest that cysteinyl leukotrienes, acting at least in part on endothelial CysLT(1) receptors, are involved in the contractile response to angiotensin II in isolated aorta from SHR but not from WKY.
The Last Word on GUSTO, for Now
Authors: Kerry L. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 June 1994The Last Word on GUSTO, for NowKerry L. Lee, PhD, Robert M. Califf, MD, and Eric J. Topol, MDKerry L. Lee, PhDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195-5708Search for more papers by this author, Robert M. Califf, MDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195-5708Search for more papers by this author, and Eric J. Topol, MDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195-5708Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:To Ridker and colleagues, who commented on the GUSTO trial in the 15 May issue [1] and in an earlier issue of Annals [2], we reemphasize that the trial did not have the power to show significant treatment differences within all subgroups of interest, even prespecified subgroups. However, there was remarkable consistency of the treatment effect across different subgroups [3]. We agree with Farkouh and colleagues [4] that only qualitative differences should “excite the reader to apply the overall trial conclusions differently to subsets of patients.” We also agree that early treatment is important.Regarding the concern ...References1. Ridker PM, O'Donnell CJ, Marder VJ, Hennekens CH. A response to “Holding GUSTO Up to the Light.” Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120: 882-5. Google Scholar2. Ridker PM, O'Donnell C, Marder VJ, Hennekens CH. Large-scale trials of thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: GISSI-2, ISIS-3, and GUSTO-1. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:530-2. Google Scholar3. Lee KL, Califf RM, Simes J, Van de Werf F, Topol EJ on behalf of the GUSTO Investigators. Holding GUSTO up to the light. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:876-81. Google Scholar4. Farkouh ME, Lang JD, Sackett DL. Thrombolytic agents: The science of the art of choosing the better treatment (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:886-8. Google Scholar5. The GUSTO Investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329:673-82. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195-5708 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySevere irritability associated with statin cholesterol-lowering drugsCurrent issues concerning thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction 1 June 1994Volume 120, Issue 11Page: 970KeywordsBlood flowMortalityMotivationReperfusionStrokeSurgeryTissue plasminogen activator Issue Published: 1 June 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Remissions of Diabetes Mellitus After Weight Reduction by Jejunoileal Bypass
Authors: U Ahmad, T S Danowski, S Nolan, T Stephan, J H Sunder, V K Bahl
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Limited weight loss following jejunoileal bypass in 24 diabetic persons who were still distinctly overweight five to ten months after a mean weight decrease of 78 lbs. was accompanied by a return of normal fasting glucose and insulin levels, normal insulin responses, and a decrease in glucose intolerance. The glucose disappearance rate had improved in the majority of the subjects, but only three had attained values in the normal range. Concomitants of the undue hyperglycemia and/or obesity included labile and, rarely, sustained hypertension and/or cardiomegaly. The blood pressure returned to normal but heart size did not change. Electrocardiographic abnormalities noted in about one-half of the patients persisted after the operation. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased. No patients had diabetic retinopathy visible on funduscopy. Proteinuria did not change in three patients. Neuropathy consisting of absent ankle reflexes and/or decreased vibration perception noted in one-half of the subjects persisted despite the improvement in carbohydrate metabolism.
Reversal of carbon tetrachloride induced changes in microviscosity and lipid composition of liver plasma membrane by colchicine in rats.
Authors: J A Solis-Herruzo, M De Gando, M P Ferrer, I Hernandez Munoz, B Fernandez-Boya, M P De la Torre, M T Munoz-Yague
Journal: Gut (1993)

Colchicine is beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic patients, it prevents changes in plasma membrane bound enzymes induced by CCl4 intoxication. In this study, lipid composition and microviscosity were measured in liver plasma membranes isolated from rats given CCl4. Microviscosity values increased in rats given CCl4 for six weeks but fell considerably in those given CCl4 for 10 weeks. Both these changes were absent when colchicine was given with CCl4. The cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratios and lipid peroxide values increased but plasma membrane phospholipids, the length of fatty acyl chains, and the unsaturation index fell significantly after CCl4 intoxication. Colchicine treatment also prevented these changes. Changes in the lipid composition of liver plasma membranes were significantly correlated with lipid peroxidation. Colchicine prevents changes in the physicochemical properties of liver plasma membranes induced by longterm CCl4 treatment, probably by blocking peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.
The anatomy of free paper sessions.
Authors: V G Tsakraklides, E K Tsakraklides, L K Kotsis, S S Sotiropoulos, G Patedakis, T Grivas, E Pektasides, S Lykoudis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The interaction between speakers, audience, and chairmen was studied by 13 investigators during a medical meeting at which 356 free papers were given before a total audience of 2483 in 48 sessions. A protocol was used to score 21 questions relating to the presentation, 15 to the chairman of the session, and nine to the audience. Many speakers made technical faults in presentation and their use of slides. Most chairmen failed to comply with simple rules of procedure and with the expectations of speakers and audience. The interest of the audience was affected by the performance of speakers and chairman. Speakers should pay more attention to the technique of presentation, and organising committees of medical meetings should provide instructions to both speakers and chairmen.
Eltoprazine in mentally retarded self-injuring patients
Authors: WillemM.A. Verhoeven, Siegfried Tuinier, A.S. Sijben, YvonneW.H.M. Van Den Berg, E.P.P.M. De Witte-van der Schoot, Lolke Pepplinkhuizen, Onno Van Nieuwenhuizen
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in Human Adults During Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: M. C. RIELLA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Three patients undergoing prolonged total parenteral nutrition at home developed skin lesions, characterized by dryness and scaly appearance, initially confined to the folds but becoming subsequently generalized. Fatty acid measurements in plasma of these patients showed a markedly abnormal lipid pattern: accumulation of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3ω) and a high 20:3ω9-to-20:4ω6 ratio. When parenteral fat (Intralipid®) was administered, 500 ml/day, serial measurements of fatty acids showed a progressive normalization of the abnormal pattern and a dramatic improvement in the skin lesions. It appears that the daily requirement for linoleic acid in the adult, particularly during the period of rapid anabolism, has not been clearly established. Because more and more patients are becoming partly or totally dependent on parenteral nutrition for prolonged periods of time, the availability of parenteral fat preparations is urgently needed.
Sex-Related Differences in Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate in Middle-aged Subjects
Authors: Heikki V. Huikuri, Sirkku M. Pikkuja¨msa¨, K.E. Juhani Airaksinen, Markku J. Ika¨heimo, Asko O. Rantala, Heikki Kauma, Mauno Lilja, Y. Antero Kesa¨niemi
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Women have worse outcomes when they experience acute myocardial infarction (MI), but the reasons for this sex-related difference are not well understood. Because cardiovascular neural regulation plays an important role in cardiac mortality, we studied possible sex-related differences in the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) in middle-aged subjects without known heart disease. Methods and Results Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and HR variability were studied in randomly selected, age-matched populations of middle-aged women (n=186; mean age, 50±6 years) and men (n=188; mean age, 50±6 years) without hypertension, diabetes, or clinical or echocardiographic evidence of heart disease. BRS measured from the overshoot phase of the Valsalva maneuver was significantly lower in women (8.0±4.6 ms/mm Hg, n=152) than in men (10.5±4.6 ms/mm Hg, n=151) ( P &lt;.001), and the low-frequency component of HR variability measured from ECG recordings also was lower in women ( P &lt;.001), whereas the high-frequency component was higher in women than in men ( P &lt;.001). The ratio between the low- and high-frequency oscillations also was lower in the women ( P &lt;.001). The increase of HR and decrease of high-frequency component of HR variability in response to an upright posture were smaller in magnitude in women than in men ( P &lt;.01 for both). After adjustment for differences in the baseline variables, such as blood pressure, HR, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychosocial score, the sex-related differences in BRS and HR variability still remained significant ( P &lt;.001 for all). Women with estrogen replacement therapy (n=46) had significantly higher BRS and total HR variance than the age-matched women without hormone treatment ( P &lt;.01 for both), and the BRS and HR variability of the women with estrogen therapy did not differ from those of the age-matched men. Conclusions Baroreflex responsiveness is attenuated in middle-aged women compared with men, but the tonic vagal modulation of HR is augmented. Hormone replacement therapy appears to have favorable effects on the cardiovascular autonomic regulation in postmenopausal women.
Systemic glucocorticoid reduces bronchial mucosal activation of activator protein 1 components in glucocorticoid-sensitive but not glucocorticoid-resistant asthmatic patients
Authors: Tuck-Kay Loke, Kirsty H. Mallett, Jonathan Ratoff, Brian J. O'Connor, Sun Ying, Qiu Meng, Cecilia Soh, Tak H. Lee, Chris J. Corrigan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Does This Patient Have Strep Throat?
Authors: Mark H. Ebell, Mindy A. Smith, Henry C. Barry, Kathy Ives, Mark Carey
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Sore throat is a common complaint, and identifying patients with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is an important task for clinicians. Previous reviews have not systematically reviewed and synthesized the evidence.To review the precision and accuracy of the clinical examination in diagnosing strep throat.MEDLINE search for articles about diagnosis of strep throat using history-taking and physical examination.Large blinded, prospective studies (having > or =300 patients with sore throat) reporting history and physical examination data and using throat culture as the reference standard were included. Of 917 articles identified by the search, 9 met all inclusion criteria.Pairs of authors independently reviewed each article and used consensus to resolve discrepancies.The most useful findings for evaluating the likelihood of strep throat are presence of tonsillar exudate, pharyngeal exudate, or exposure to strep throat infection in the previous 2 weeks (positive likelihood ratios, 3.4, 2.1, and 1.9, respectively) and the absence of tender anterior cervical nodes, tonsillar enlargement, or exudate (negative likelihood ratios, 0.60, 0.63, and 0.74, respectively). No individual element of history-taking or physical examination is accurate enough by itself to rule in or rule out strep throat. Three validated clinical prediction rules are described for adult and pediatric populations.While no single element of history-taking or physical examination is sufficiently accurate to exclude or diagnose strep throat, a well-validated clinical prediction rule can be useful and can help physicians make more informed use of rapid antigen tests and throat cultures.
Retroperitoneoscopic Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO): Solving the Technical Difficulties
Authors: A. Bachmann, R. Ruszat, T. Forster, D. Eberli, M. Zimmermann, A. Müller, T.C. Gasser, T. Sulser, S. Wyler
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Cosmetic surgery: who needs surgeons when you've got creams?
Authors: R. Clayton, R. Turner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Cosmetic surgery: who needs surgeons when you've got creams? Get access R. Clayton, R. Clayton Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. E‐mail: r.clayton@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Turner R. Turner Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, U.K. E‐mail: r.clayton@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 156, Issue 6, 1 June 2007, Page 1383, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07885.x Published: 01 June 2007
Making decisions about benefits and harms of medicines
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh, Olga Kostopoulou, Clare Harries
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Well designed cohort or case-control studies can adequately deal with bias and confounding, the two potential criticisms of these study designs.The issue of confounding by indication is seldom a problem with rare adverse effects because such unpredictable effects are usually not associated with the indication for treatment. 17 Although in such studies confounding by contraindication may play a part, it leads to a conservative estimate rather than to an overestimation of the true risk. 18 The cohort and case-control designs can be used to test hypotheses in de novo field studies.Several databases facilitate the performance of such studies with prospectively gathered information on exposure to a drug and disease (see bmj.com).With these data resources, several successful pharmacoepidemiological studies have been performed (table ).Unfortunately and despite the enormous growth of pharmacoepidemiology and its capabilities, most drugs are withdrawn on the bases of case reports and case series alone. 6 Therefore it is time these databases are used more consistently for hypothesis testing in research concerning drug safety.In conclusion, society has the right to be safeguarded against the adverse effects of new drugs.The current emphasis on the costly procedures of mandatory reporting should perhaps shift towards epidemiological studies for testing a hypothesis.When particular drug classes and clusters of disease are involved, regulatory authorities and drug inspectorates should take the lead to fulfil their primary task of guaranteeing safe health care.
Analgesics for the Treatment of Pain in Children
Authors: Charles B. Berde, Navil F. Sethna
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The treatment of pain in infants and children has often been insufficient, owing to lack of information and understanding of how to use analgesic agents in the very young. This review discusses the development of nociception; the differences in metabolism of analgesics among infants, children, and adults; and agents that can be used for pain control in a variety of settings.
THE APPLICATION OF FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY TO ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUS IN INFECTED CELLS
Authors: Councilman Morgan, Konrad C. Hsu, Richard A. Rifkind, Alice W. Knox, Harry M. Rose
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Freezing of the chorioallantoic membrane after brief fixation in formalin preserves antigenicity of cellular components and allows penetration of ferritin-conjugated antibody. Dense aggregates of viral antigen, presumed to be of the soluble type, were found in the nuclei of cells infected with influenza virus. Intracytoplasmic antigen, on the other hand, was widely dispersed. The experimental observations are consistent with the hypothesis that soluble antigen diffuses into the cytoplasm through intact nuclear membranes. Nucleoli do not appear to be the sites of antigen synthesis.