tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE PASSIVE MECHANICAL FACTOR IN HEART DISEASE: ITS INFLUENCE AND MANAGEMENT
Authors: A. Blackhall-Morison
Journal: BMJ (1920)

With Sp cial Plate.)BY the " passive mechanical factor in heart disease I 'und'erstand the 'conditions wllich promote or impede the''effective' e'xercise of the active factor-the cardiac muscle.-Thematter so defined is, obviously, both plhysiological and patlhological, and its adequate treatment might well occupy several lectures instead of one, but I slhall ,endeavour so to deal witlh it that its practical importance may be apparent without claiming for it more than its due weighlt.In hiis interesting Linacre Lecture on the "Law of the Heart," delivered in 1915, Dr. Starling has endeavoured to show the great adaptability of thle heart in dealing with a wide variation in the quantity of blood it receives, in ,spite of mnuch difference in the arterial pressure it has to overcome, and lhe experimentally tries also to demonstrate' tllat the physiological law applies in disease when, in addition to variations of arterial resistance,' mechanical disabilities, such as destruction of the aortic valves, is brouglht about.The output of tlle ventricle, within certain wide limits, remains the same provided the' inflow be constant.Althoughi' under tllese circumstances altering the arterial pressure has no influence, a great effect i, produced by varying the inflow.Increased inflow is associated with increased.outflow, and tllere is no damming up of blood on the venous side.These condi- tions Dr. Starling illustrates by an ingenious heart-lung preparation, as he te-ms it, which he described in hlis lecture.It must, lhowever, be noted that, altlhouah Starling's detached or eviscerated hleart disposes of large or small amounts of blood, with the same 8ang-froid, its rate is in no ways varied.It slogs at the same monotonous pace whlatever work it has to do.This is not so in corpore.'While, tlherefore, the heart may show, by some augmenta- tion of total chemical changes, that it -does more active work the larger the amount of blood it has to dispose of, .-IJUNE 'I9, 19201
Treating agitation in dementia
Authors: P. B. Rosenberg, C. G. Lyketsos
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A systematic pain management protocol may help

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are nearly universal in dementia,1 and agitation is among the most distressing for patients and caregivers. Currently no drug has clearly been shown to be of value in the treatment of agitation in dementia. The most commonly used class of drugs (antipsychotics) may be neither safe nor effective.2 3 Although antidepressants may have a better risk to benefit ratio, no sufficiently powered trials have evaluated their safety and efficacy in dementia, and only one is currently in progress.4

Patients may be unable to communicate their sensation of pain because of impaired memory or lack of expressive language. Underdiagnosed and undertreated pain has been associated with agitation in dementia.5 Thus, better pain management may decrease agitation in dementia.

To test this hypothesis, the linked randomised controlled trial by Husebo and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.d4065) assessed an eight week trial of pain treatment in 253 nursing home residents with dementia and agitation.6 Treatment allocation used a cluster approach at the nursing home level because staff needed …
Mitomycin C Extravasation Exacerbated by Sunlight
Authors: BARBARA FULLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1981Mitomycin C Extravasation Exacerbated by SunlightBARBARA FULLER, M.D., MARY LIND, M.A., PHILIP BONOMI, M.D.BARBARA FULLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARY LIND, M.A.Search for more papers by this author, PHILIP BONOMI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-542_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Mitomycin C, an antitumor antibiotic, is active in numerous tumors (1) and is being used with increasing frequency in the treatment of gastric carcinoma (2). The risks of mitomycin C treatment include subcutaneous extravasation resulting in local tissue necrosis several weeks later (3). We describe a case in which prolonged exposure to sunlight appears to have caused cutaneous ulceration 3 months after mitomycin C extravasation.A 51-year-old man who had undergone a left hemicolectomy on 8 November 1978 for carcinoma of the colon began receiving mitomycin C for hepatic metastases in April 1980. On 5 May 1980...References1. CROOKEBRADNER SW. Mitomycin-C: a review. Cancer Treat Rev. 1976;3:121-39. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MACDONALDWOOLLEYSMYTHEVUNOHOTHSCHEIN JPTWDP. 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin-C (FAM) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Cancer. 1979;44:42-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. IGNOFFOFRIEDMAN RM. Therapy of local toxicities caused by extravasation of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Cancer Treat Rev. 1980;7:17-27. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SOKOLOFFFUJISAWAENOMOTO BMK. Experimental studies on mitomycin C: 2. Cytotoxicity. Growth. 1960;24:1-27. MedlineGoogle Scholar5. LUEDKEKENNEDYRIETSCHEL APR. Histopathogenesis of skin and subcutaneous injury by adriamycin. Plast Reconstruct Surg. 1979;63:463-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rush University Chicago, IL 60612 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug ReactionsMitomycin CMitomycin CMitomycin CDelayed Tissue Necrosis Associated with Mitomycin-C AdministrationDistant and Delayed Mitomycin C ExtravasationDelayed-type sensitivity reaction to mitomycinTreatment methods for extravasations of chemotherapeutic agents: A comparative studyLocal erythema multiforme-like drug reaction following intravenous mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracilCutaneous complications of chemotherapeutic agentsCytostatic and immunosuppressive drugsMitomycin C (z.B. Mitomycin C „Kyowa“) 1 April 1981Volume 94, Issue 4_Part_1Page: 542-542KeywordsAntibioticsColectomyColonNecrosisUlcers Issue Published: 1 April 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute Anti-IgE Effect of Topical Application of Formulation of Herbal Extracts in a Peanut Allergic Murine Model
Authors: Chaoyi Mao, Ying Song, Zhenwen Zhou, Changda Liu, Kamal D. Srivastava, Farid Jahouh, Rong Wang, Xiaoping Yan, Xiu-Min Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Risk Factors for Thromboembolism
Authors: Eliot Williams
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters16 November 1999Risk Factors for ThromboembolismEliot Williams, MD, PhDEliot Williams, MD, PhDUniversity of Wisconsin; Madison, WI 53792 (Williams)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-10-199911160-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Rodeghiero and Tosetto's data (1) are likely to confuse readers who do not realize that the method used by these authors to test for resistance to activated protein C differs from that used in most laboratories. Rodeghiero and Tosetto apparently tested for resistance to activated protein C on undiluted patient plasma, whereas many other laboratories first dilute patient plasma with factor V-deficient plasma. The latter method increases the sensitivity and specificity of the test for the factor V Leiden mutation (1), while reducing or eliminating the influence of such variables as elevated factor VIII levels. Results of ...References1. Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A. Active protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:643-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Strobl FJ, Hoffman S, Huber S, Williams E, Voelkerding K. Activated protein C resistance assay performance: improvement by sample dilution with factor V-deficient plasma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122:430-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin; Madison, WI 53792 (Williams) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoActivated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Are Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism Francesco Rodeghiero and Alberto Tosetto Risk Factors for Thromboembolism Stephen J. Jay Risk Factors for Thromboembolism Francesco Rodeghiero and Alberto Tosetto Metrics 16 November 1999Volume 131, Issue 10Page: 790KeywordsBlood plasmaFactor V LeidenMedical risk factorsPlasma proteinsProteinsSpecificityThromboembolismVenous thromboembolism Issue Published: 16 November 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Thunderstorms and iPods — Not a Good iDea
Authors: Eric J. Heffernan, Peter L. Munk, Luck J. Louis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 37-year-old man had been jogging in a thunderstorm, listening to his iPod, when an adjacent tree was struck by lightning. He was thrown approximately 8 feet and suffered burns on his chest, leg, face, and auditory meatus bilaterally.
Reduced Serum Levels of Iα, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D During Long-term Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: GORDON L. KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Painful bone disease, characterized by patchy osteomalacia and inactive bone, can develop in patients treated with total parenteral nutrition for more than 3 months. Serum levels of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α, 25(OH)2D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in seven adults and five children treated with parenteral nutrition for 9 to 60 months. Serum levels of 1α,25(OH)2D were markedly reduced, while levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were normal. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normal or slightly increased, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels were normal or low. Renal function was normal or minimally reduced. Skeletal symptoms disappeared and serum 1α,25(OH)2D levels rose to normal in one patient when nutrient infusions were discontinued for 6 weeks. Removal of calcium from the nutrient solution for 2 to 4 days was associated with no change in serum 1α,25(OH)2D in two patients. The cause of the reduction in serum levels of 1α,25(OH)2D and its role in the pathogenesis of bone disease in these patients remain uncertain.
Expression of the Tumor Suppressor Gene ARHI in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Is Associated with Increased Expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 and Prolonged Progression-Free Survival
Authors: Daniel G. Rosen, Lin Wang, Ajay N. Jain, Karen H. Lu, Robert Z. Luo, Yinhua Yu, Jinsong Liu, Robert C. Bast
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

ARHI, an imprinted putative tumor suppressor gene, is expressed in normal ovarian epithelial cells, but its expression is down-regulated or lost in most ovarian cancer cell lines. Reexpression of ARHI in cancer cells induces p21(WAF1/CIP1), down-regulates cyclin D1 promoter activity and inhibits growth in cell culture and in heterografts. To determine the relevance of these observations to clinical cancer, we have now measured ARHI expression in normal, benign and malignant ovarian tissues using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Paraffin embedded tissues from 7 normal ovaries, 22 cystadenomas and 42 borderline lesions were analyzed using standard immunoperoxidase and in situ hybridization techniques to assess ARHI expression. In addition, immunohistochemistry against ARHI was performed on a tissue microarray containing 441 consecutive cases of ovarian carcinoma.Strong ARHI expression was found in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, cysts and follicles using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Reduced ARHI expression was observed in tumors of low malignant potential as well as in invasive cancers. ARHI expression was down-regulated in 63% of invasive ovarian cancer specimens and could not be detected in 47%. When immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were compared, ARHI protein expression could be down-regulated in the presence of ARHI mRNA. ARHI expression was correlated with expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) (P = 0.0074) but not with cyclin D1 and associated with prolonged disease free survival (P = 0.001). On multivariate analysis, ARHI expression, grade and stage were independent prognostic factors. ARHI expression did not correlate with overall survival.Persistence of ARHI expression in epithelial ovarian cancers correlated with prolonged disease free survival and expression of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1).
Setbacks and Fissions — Reconsidering the Scope and Timing of Reform
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Encountering surprisingly strong discontent over Democratic proposals for health care reform, which has been registered at town-hall meetings and has energized the Republican opposition, the Obama administration and its allies have suffered a setback in their efforts to move the president's top domestic initiative forward. Now, as Democrats strive to regain some momentum, their party is split over what path to pursue to win enactment of reform legislation. Ultimately, Obama may have to persuade the Democratic majorities in the House and Senate to support a less sweeping plan that is acceptable to its disparate factions. Attracting Republican support for comprehensive . . .
An Address on the Hygiene of Armies in the Field
Authors: R. Rawlinson
Journal: BMJ (1883)

Ti is subject is so vast, special, and complicated, that I can only promise to touch the fringe of it, and this in a roundabout way.I will not presume to lay down hard and fast rules by which armies in the field shall be regulated in sanitary matters in the future, but rather describe, in narrative form, some of my own experience,
Spline and Smoothing Approaches to Fitting Flexible Models for the Analysis of Pulmonary Function Data
Authors: David Wypij
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

"Spline and Smoothing Approaches to Fitting Flexible Models for the Analysis of Pulmonary Function Data." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154(6_pt_2), pp. S223–S228
Gene-expression profiles predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: David G. Beer, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Chiang-Ching Huang, Thomas J. Giordano, Albert M. Levin, David E. Misek, Lin Lin, Guoan Chen, Tarek G. Gharib, Dafydd G. Thomas, Michelle L. Lizyness, Rork Kuick, Satoru Hayasaka, Jeremy M.G. Taylor, Mark D. Iannettoni, Mark B. Orringer, Samir Hanash
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Low expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR is associated with hypermethylation of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR alpha gene regions in B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: H Sano, L J Compton, N Shiomi, A D Steinberg, R A Jackson, T Sasaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The relationship between the expression of HLA-DR antigens and the HLA-DR alpha gene methylation was examined in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Using permanent B cell lines, we found reduced DR expression in SLE. The low DR expression was correlated with high anti-DNA antibody titers in patients' sera. The amounts of DR alpha message were lower in SLE cells than in normal controls, suggesting that the low expression of DR antigens is associated with gene functions. The extent of DNA methylation was examined at five CCGG sites in the HLA-DR alpha locus. DNA from both SLE and normal cells showed variable methylation patterns. Since the DR alpha gene is a single-copy gene, such a variability is the result of assaying a mixture of transformed clones containing methylated DR alpha gene, with other clones containing unmethylated DR alpha gene. A distinctive feature of normal cells was a consistent methylation pattern: 12 normal cell lines showed exactly the same pattern. In contrast, 28 SLE cell lines showed a cell-line-specific methylation, and hypermethylation at the DR alpha locus. The hypermethylation is often associated with transcriptionally inactive genes. Thus, our results suggest that (a) B cells with hypermethylated DR genes might express no or few DR antigens; (b) the ratio of cells with differently methylated DR genes is consistent in normal individuals, while, in SLE patients, cells with hypermethylated DR genes predominate, resulting in apparently reduced DR antigen expression; and (c) the aberrant DR expression could be associated directly with immunoregulatory dysfunctions in SLE disease.
Fewer tests for cancer and rational use of chemotherapy can help reduce costs, say US doctors
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Certain screening tests for detecting cancer in healthy people should be abandoned and more controls put in place on the use of chemotherapy in the United States, argue two senior cancer doctors.

Thomas Smith and Bruce Hillner from the Massey Cancer Center at the Virginia Commonwealth University claim that a dramatic overhaul is needed in the way that cancer care is delivered in the US because of escalating costs ( New Engl J Med 2011;364:2060-65; www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsb1013826). The cost of cancer care is projected to rise from $104bn (£63bn; €73bn) in 2006 to over $173bn by 2020, a trend which is unsustainable, they say. Many treatments cost more than $5000 per month and do not deliver outcomes within commonly accepted cost effective thresholds.

Last year from Howard Brody, director of the Institute for the Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch …
S32 Loss/inhibition of the aVb5 integrin reduces allergen-induced increases in airway smooth muscle mass in in vivo models of asthma
Authors: A. L. Tatler, A. E. John, L. Jolly, A. Habgood, J. Porte, A. J. Knox, X. Huang, D. Sheppard, G. Jenkins
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Airway remodelling is a common feature of severe asthma. Transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) is a pro-fibrotic, pleiotropic cytokine implicated in airway remodelling. TGF-ß is sequestered in the extracellular matrix as a latent complex and requires activation to function. We have previously shown that contraction agonists cause aVß5-mediated TGF-ß activation by human airway smooth muscle cells. The study aims were to investigate the role of the aVß5integrin in airway remodelling in vivo using two distinct mouse models of asthma. A blocking antibody directed against the aVß5 was used in the ovalbumin (OVA) model of asthma. Mice were sensitised with OVA/Alum on days 0 and 12, then challenged byoropharyngeal administration of OVA 10 times over 2 weeks. The anti-aVß5antibody or an isotype matched control antibody was administered for the duration of the OVA challenges. The second invivo model utilised <i>itgb5<sup>−/−</sup></i>mice. <i>Aspergillous fumigatus</i> antigen preparation was administered intra-nasally (10 μg/mice) to <i>itgb5<sup>−/−</sup></i> and wild type controls 9 times over a 21-day period. a-Smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) was quantified in lung sections from both studies by immunofluorescence. Murine airway smooth muscle cells express aVß5 integrin and can activate TGF-ß in vivo in response to allergen challenge as measured by αvβ5 and phospho-Smad2 immunostaining. Treatment with both OVA and <i>Asp.f</i> resulted in an increase in a-SMA staining around the smaller airways. The aVß5blocking antibody significantly reduced a-SMA staining compared with the isotype control antibody. Furthermore, <i>itgb5<sup>−/−</sup></i>mice had significantly less a-SMA around their airways than wild type control mice in response to <i>Asp.f</i> treatment. However, both <i>itgb5<sup>−/−</sup></i> andanti-aVß5 treated mice had significantly more airway inflammation and more inflammatory cells present in the bronchoalveolar lavage compared with their matched controls. These data provide evidence that airway smooth muscle cells can activate TGF-ß in vivo. Inhibition of, or genetic loss of, the aVß5 integrin significantly reduces allergen-induced increases in airway smooth muscle mass, however, peribronchial inflammation is increased consistent with the known effects of TGFβ. Targeted inhibition of the aVß5 integrin may reduce airway remodelling, but global inhibition is unlikely to be useful due to the enhanced inflammatory response.
Key Internet Genetics Resources for the Clinician
Authors: Wendy R. Uhlmann
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
John O’Hara Tobin
Authors: William Tobin
Journal: BMJ (2008)

What to write about my virologist father for his trade journal when I myself am not in the trade and cannot write knowledgeably about his work? After all, any reader who wants to know what he did scientifically can type ‘tobin jo’ and ‘tobin jo’h’ into PubMed to find a total of 83 hits. Or consult Munk’s Roll for a professional evaluation of his career.

Let me start with what I know from family lore and archives. John’s father was a padre with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force who had met a Queen Alexandra’s nurse from Lancashire while ministering in Malta. John was born in England in the New Zealand military-hospital town of Walton-on-Thames. “7 lbs 1 oz, fingernails beautifully formed,” wrote the padre, who a few months later took his young family back to New Zealand, but died before two years were out. His widow returned to Britain to raise her son in the Wirral. By dint of pensions, scholarships, and an unexpected legacy she sent him to Liverpool College, and then in 1937, to Keble College, Oxford, where he read medicine. The Keble entrance examination, my father recorded, “must have been a joke as it was in advanced maths of which I knew little so presumably neither did the examiner ... There was no competition to get into the medical school as medicine was not the popular subject it seems to be today.” Among his non-medical diversions were beer (6d a pint in college for bitter, the same price as a hot bath) and sports, especially hockey.

And then came the second world war. John stayed on at Oxford, qualifying BM, BCh in 1942. After a houseman year at the Royal United …