tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Gambian Infant with Fever and an Unexpected Blood Film
Authors: Stephen Howie, Malcolm Guy, Louise Fleming, Wendi Bailey, Harry Noyes, Joseph Axel Faye, Jacques Pepin, Brian Greenwood, Hilton Whittle, David Molyneux, Tumani Corrah
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

The authors describe the differential diagnosis, investigation, and management of a two-month-old infant with edema, malnutrition, and fever.
A CASE IN OBSTETRICS, FOLLOWED FOR MONTHS BY A DAILY DISCHARGE OF OVER TWO QUARTS OF A WATERY FLUID THROUGH THE CERVICAL CANAL.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: JOHN HAMMOND BRADSHAW
Journal: JAMA (1891)

On December 9th, 1890, a colored woman, aged 34, was confined at the close of her seventh pregnancy. She had borne three girls alive and easily, and three boys, two dead, and all with great difficulty. Finding a face presentation, apodalic version was performed, but not before two ineffectual attempts with the forceps had been made. The child was a male, weighing 12½ pounds, with a large ossified head. It was dead. The woman had been in labor two hours. After the birth of the placenta, there was an unusual amount of hæmorrhage, and the patient went into a condition bordering upon collapse. The extremities were bandaged and ligated, and whisky was administered with digitalis by hypodermic injection. Two quarts of a hot corrosive sublimate solution 1-3000 were thrown into the uterus, the hand carrying the nozzle of the syringe to the very fundus. There were no new lacerations to
Coarctation of the Aorta Complicated by Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: ARNOLD L. JOHNSON, CHARLOTTE FERENCZ, F. W. WIGLESWORTH, DONALD L. MCRAE
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The study of the anatomic and hemodynamic relationships in a case of coarctation of the aorta complicated by patency of the ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension indicated the necessity for a physiologic approach to the classification of coarctation of the aorta. The origin of existing classifications has been briefly traced and basic anatomic and physiologic considerations in this malformation have been reviewed. A classification is presented which takes into account the state of the ductus arteriosus, its relationship to the coarcted segment and the influence of the collateral circulation. The microscopic appearance of the pulmonary vessels is included.
Physiological effects of vasopressin and atrial natriuretic peptide in the collecting duct
Authors: T Inoue
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Vasopressin plays a primary role in the concentration of urine to maintain body fluid homeostasis. The collecting duct as well as thick ascending limb is a major target site of vasopressin. The antidiuretic action of vasopressin is mediated by the V2 receptor in the basolateral membrane of principal cells in the collecting ducts. The binding of vasopressin to V2 receptors causes an activation of adenylate cyclase and a synthesis of cAMP. Vasopressin regulates water and ion transport through V2 receptor-mediated ion channels and transporters. In contrast, the V1a receptor mainly in the luminal membrane of distal nephron regulates basolateral V2 receptor-mediated action with regard to water and ion transport through the activation of Gq/11 and phosphoinositide turnover. Guanylate cyclase forms three types of ANP receptors, although NPR-A and B (GC-A and B) are biologically active and related to the synthesis of cGMP. Urodilatin, synthesized by the kidney, causes natriuresis by binding to GC-A in the collecting ducts. ANP causes diuresis and natriuresis, at least in part by inhibiting the V2 receptor-mediated action of AVP in the collecting ducts. The site of interaction of ANP and AVP is post cAMP synthesis, at least in the collecting ducts. The roles of AVP and ANP under pathophysiological conditions have been reported.
Abstract 2490: Novel application for pseudopodial proteomics using excimer laserablation and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis.
Authors: Takahiro Mimae, Akihiko Ito, Man Hagiyama, Tadashi Kondo, Morihito Okada
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract We developed a novel application to conduct pseudopodia proteomics. Pseudopodia are ventral actin-rich protrusions and play functional roles in cell migrations. Identification of pseudopodia proteins leads further understanding of malignant phenotypes of tumor cells and novel therapeutic strategies. In our application, tumor cells were placed on a fibronectin-coated porous membrane to form pseudopodia. According to the motile potentials of the cells, the cells formed pseudopodial microprocesses in the pores. An excimer laser, which was used for ophthalmic refractive surgeries, horizontally ablated cells at the membrane surface to remove the cell body. The microscopic observations and the protein expression studies suggested that the laser treatment caused no apparent damages to pseudopodia. Proteins in whole cells and pseudopodia fractions were individually solubilized, labeled with a highly sensitive fluorescent dye, and separated using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Among 2508 protein spots observed, 211 had different intensity between whole cells and pseudopodia fractions (more than 4-fold differences and p value less than 0.05). The protein enrichment depended on the pore size. Mass spectrometric protein identification revealed 46 pseudopodia-localizing proteins. The localization of novel pseudopodia-localizing proteins such as RAB1A, HSP90B, TDRD7, and vimentin was confirmed using immunohistochemical examinations. The previous studies demonstrated that these four proteins may function in the cell migration process. In addition, RAB1A was indicated to play an important role in forming and extending pseudopodial microprocesses in human breast cancer cells by overexpression and knockdown experiments. This method will provide insights into the molecular details of pseudopodia and further understanding of malignant phenotypes of tumor cells and novel therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Takahiro Mimae, Akihiko Ito, Man Hagiyama, Tadashi Kondo, Morihito Okada. Novel application for pseudopodial proteomics using excimer laserablation and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2490. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2490
Identification of common allergenic structures in hazel pollen and hazelnuts: A possible explanation for sensitivity to hazelnuts in patients allergic to tree pollen
Authors: Reinhold Hirschwehr, Rudolf Valenta, Christof Ebner, Fatima Ferreira, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Peter Valent, Madeleine Rohac, Helmut Rumpold, Otto Scheiner, Dietrich Kraft
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1992)
Abstract P4-04-06: Systematic analysis of molecular subgroups and age in patients with breast cancer
Authors: C Liedtke, T Karn, O Gluz, S Becker, L Pusztai, U Holtrich, A Rody
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) molecular subgroups show significant differences with regard to prognosis. Similarly, young age at diagnosis is significantly associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Methods: Our aim was to analyze the association between BC molecular subtypes and age at diagnosis. Publically available gene expression data (Affymetrix U133A) of 3488 BC patients was analyzed using MAS5.0 and pooled into a single database. Age information was available for 2604 of the patients (74.7%). Of a total of 579 cases with TNBC, 394 samples with most comparable array data were selected to avoid batch effects as previosly described. Age information was available for 309 of these 394 patients (78.4%). Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) was performed to identify genes with differential expression according to age at diagnosis in these 309 patients with TNBC. Results: Patients &amp;lt;40 years significantly more often presented with triple negative BC compared to patients 40-50 and &amp;gt;50 (34.8 vs. 25.4 vs. 17.3%, respectively). In contrast, a luminal A subtype was diagnosed less often in patients &amp;lt; 40 yrs (20.6 vs. 31.9 vs. 41.1%, respectively). Although we observed significant differences for EFS according to i) age at diagnosis and ii) molecular subtype, EFS differences between patients of distinct age were only modest after stratification for molecular subtype. Among patients with TNBC, 134 genes were upregulated and 627 genes were downregulated in patients &amp;lt; 40 yrs compared to patients ≥ 40 yrs (median FDR &amp;lt; 4%). Several of the downregulated genes in young TNBC patients belong to a metagene for the molecular-apocrine subtype of TNBC and several upregulated genes represent cell cycle genes. However, the effects for individual genes were rather small. Conclusion: The frequency of molecular subgroups differs with age at diagnosis. Young age at diagnosis is significantly associated with adverse prognosis. Within the group of TNBC patients young age is associated with high proliferation and a basal-like phenotype and inversely correlated with the molecular-apocrine subtype of TNBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-04-06.
Effect of fundic distension on gastric acid secretion in man.
Authors: U Grotzinger, S Bergegardh, L Olbe
Journal: Gut (1977)

The effect of distension of the fundus and body of the stomach on gastric acid secretion was studied in 26 patients with duodenal ulcer and six healthy subjects. Graded distension produced by inflating a rubber balloon to volumes of 150, 300, and 600 ml resulted in significant sequential increments of acid output. The secretory response outlasted stimulation by at least one hour. In both groups of subjects, the highest acid output obtainable with fundic distension amounted to just above 50% of the maximum secretory response evoked by intravenous infusion of pentagastrin. A significant correlation was found between the peak secretory rates observed during fundic distension and after pentagastrin stimulation. It is concluded that distension of the oxyntic gland area in man is a potent stimulus for gastric secretion of acid and that patients with duodenal ulcer are no more sensitive to this stimulus than healthy subjects.
Limitations of the Electrocardiogram in Estimating Infarction Size after Acute Reperfusion Therapy for Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Timothy F. Christian, Ian P. Clements, Thomas Behrenbeck, Kenneth C. Huber, James H. Chesebro, Bernard J. Gersh, Raymond J. Gibbons
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To assess the ability of the 12-lead electrocardiogram to estimate infarction size after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Design: The presence or absence of Q waves and the Selvester QRS score obtained before and after hospital discharge were compared with radionuclide estimates of infarction size and ejection fraction at discharge and 6 weeks later, regional wall motion at discharge and 6 weeks later, and myocardial perfusion defect size quantitated with Tc-99m-sestamibi at discharge. Setting: A tertiary referral center. Patients: A consecutive series of 43 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received acute reperfusion therapy and were assessed using 12-lead electrocardiography, radionuclide angiography,and Tc-99m-sestamibi tomographic imaging before discharge. Interventions: All 43 patients received acute reperfusion therapy: 21 patients received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, and 22 patients underwent primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Main Outcome Measure: The correlation of QRS score and Q waves with three radionuclide estimates of infarction size. Results: A significant correlation was found between myocardial perfusion defect size at discharge and both left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion at discharge and 6 weeks later (r = -0.71 to -0.81; all comparisons, P < 0.001). Little correlation was found between electrocardiographic findings and radionuclide measurements of left ventricular function and perfusion. Presence or absence of Q waves at discharge was not associated with any difference in ejection fraction, regional wall motion, or perfusion defect at discharge. No correlation was found between QRS score and ejection fraction or myocardial perfusion defect size at discharge. The QRS score at discharge correlated only weakly with regional wall motion at discharge and 6 weeks later. This lack of correlation was unchanged when electrocardiograms obtained after hospital discharge were analyzed. Conclusion: Although inexpensive and readily available, the 12-lead electrocardiogram does not appear to provide a reliable estimate of infarction size after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
Evaluation of safety of A/H1N1 pandemic vaccination during pregnancy: cohort study
Authors: F. Trotta, R. Da Cas, S. Spila Alegiani, M. Gramegna, M. Venegoni, C. Zocchetti, G. Traversa
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To assess the risk of maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes associated with the administration of an MF59 adjuvanted A/H1N1 vaccine during pregnancy.Historical cohort study.Singleton pregnancies of the resident population of the Lombardy region of Italy.All deliveries between 1 October 2009 and 30 September 2010. Data on exposure to A/H1N1 pandemic vaccine, pregnancy, and birth outcomes were retrieved from regional databases. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated women were compared in a propensity score matched analysis to estimate risks of adverse outcomes.Main maternal outcomes included type of delivery, admission to intensive care unit, eclampsia, and gestational diabetes; fetal and neonatal outcomes included perinatal deaths, small for gestational age births, and congenital malformations.Among the 86,171 eligible pregnancies, 6246 women were vaccinated (3615 (57.9%) in the third trimester and 2557 (40.9%) in the second trimester). No difference was observed in terms of spontaneous deliveries (adjusted odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 1.08) or admissions to intensive care units (0.95, 0.47 to 1.88), whereas a limited increase in the prevalence of gestational diabetes (1.26, 1.04 to 1.53) and eclampsia (1.19, 1.04 to 1.39) was seen in vaccinated women. Rates of fetal and neonatal outcomes were similar in vaccinated and non-vaccinated women. A slight increase in congenital malformations, although not statistically significant, was present in the exposed cohort (1.14, 0.99 to 1.31).Our findings add relevant information about the safety of the MF59 adjuvanted A/H1N1 vaccine in pregnancy. Residual confounding may partly explain the increased risk of some maternal outcomes. Meta-analysis of published studies should be conducted to further clarify the risk of infrequent outcomes, such as specific congenital malformations.
Behold the Elderflower Revolution in healthcare
Authors: Tony Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2011)

After the king’s speech, the committee stages To Downing Street, for a prime ministerial reception for “pathfinder” general practices. These are the shock troops for the reforms spelt out in the Health and Social Care Bill and to me they looked as scary as any other large group of general practitioners. After a day at the Department of Health the pathfinders weren’t that much clearer about what was expected of them. One was disconcerted to discover her every word being faithfully transcribed by department officials, as if she might hold the key to how it would all turn out. Prime Minister David Cameron swept in and made an eve-of-Agincourt speech, beautifully crafted and delivered. You can read his actual words on the number 10 website (www.number10.gov.uk/news/statements-and-articles/2011/01/pm-article-on-the-health-and-social-care-bill-59410) although they sounded like:
Developing learning outcomes for an ideal MSc course in sports and exercise medicine
Authors: R Kordi, R G Dennick, B E Scammell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To develop learning outcomes for an ideal MSc in sports and exercise medicine.Twenty nine learning outcomes were developed based on the learning outcomes, aims, and objectives of current sports medicine courses, occupational standards, and other related data. Using a Likert scale, the opinion of MSc/Dip course directors in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa as well as teachers, graduates, and students of the MSc/Dip course at the University of Nottingham were surveyed. An email questionnaire listing the 29 learning outcomes was sent to the subjects. A mixed reminder via email or mail was used. The results were treated as ordinal data, and reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach's coefficient alpha.Response rates were high (75% course directors, 79%, 54%, and 78% University of Nottingham teachers, graduates, and students respectively). The questionnaire was highly reliable (alpha>0.8). The total scores of all but one of the responders were above the midpoint (>87, possible range 29-145). Most course directors (>80%) agreed or strongly agreed with each of the learning outcomes, except two. Most of the other subjects also agreed or strongly agreed with the learning outcomes, with few exceptions.The results suggest that there is a consensus among subjects that the final listed learning outcomes should be included in an ideal MSc in sports and exercise medicine.
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by selective blockade of encephalitogenic T-cell infiltration of the central nervous system
Authors: Shirley ShiDu Yan, Zhi-Ying Wu, Hui Ping Zhang, Glaucia Furtado, Xi Chen, Shi Fang Yan, Ann Marie Schmidt, Chris Brown, Alan Stern, Juan Lafaille, Leonard Chess, David M. Stern, Hong Jiang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Deaths attributed to haemochromatosis are rare in Britain
Authors: G. Willis
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—The conclusion of the letter by Allen and Williamson is based on speculation.1 They state that at least half of the individuals who are homozygous for the C282Y mutation of the HFE gene will develop symptoms and signs of haemochromatosis, but they do not give a reference for this statement. The true figure in the British population is probably considerably less than half.

The redefining of abnormal biochemistry or genetics as disease has created the illusion of an …
Screening of 12 Gliomata Against Chemotherapeutic Agents in Vitro
Authors: D. M. Easty, J. A. H. Wylie
Journal: BMJ (1963)

observations are perhaps worthy of mention. Firstly, whereas with crystalline vitamin B12 very little further improvement can be expected after six months* paren teral therapy (Ungley, 1949), in most of our cases a steady improvement was noticed over the first two years of treatment. Secondly, on parenteral therapy, according to Denny-Brown (1959), it is  unlikely that signs that have been present for months can be reversed. In the present series, however, although the symptoms in 8 of the 11 cases were of six months' duration or more, some improvement in the initial signs occurred in all except one case (No. 71). Finally, much has been heard during the past few years about the significance of vitamin-B12 levels in the serum on vitamin-B12-peptide therapy. It has been widely assumed that because low serum-vitamin-B12 levels were found to be the gloomy heralds of haemato logical and neurological disaster when patients were receiving intrinsic-factor preparations, a similar inter pretation of low levels was also justifiable on vitamin B12-peptide therapy. Our preparations, however, are not intrinsic-factor preparations, and the assumption, therefore, that low serum levels have the same significance on both forms of therapy is still unproved. We believe, in fact (Mooney and Heathcote, 1961b ; Heathcote and Mooney, 1961), that serum-vitamin-B12 levels have little practical value in vitamin-B]2-peptide therapy, and in this connexion it is noteworthy that one patient (Case 67) has achieved complete recovery not only from all signs and symptoms of anaemia but also from nerve degeneration, although his serum-vitamin-B12 level has never exceeded 55 /^g./ml.
False Positive Meckel??s Scan Caused by Carcinoid Tumors of the Small Bowel
Authors: ANNAMARIE REDDIN, RICHARD C. ROSENBAUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case of gastrointestinal bleeding caused by carcinoid tumor of the small bowel detected by a positive Meckel's scan is presented. This test may prove useful when conventional work-ups fail to localize a bleeding site.
Abstract 3322: Spatio-temporal regulation of epithelial transformation by mistrafficking of EGFR ligand, epiregulin
Authors: Bhuminder Singh, Galina Bogatcheva, Mary K. Washington, Robert J. Coffey
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand epiregulin (EREG) is delivered preferentially to the basolateral cell surface of polarized MDCK cells. Recently, we showed that EREG basolateral trafficking is regulated by a conserved tyrosine residue within a YXXΦ motif (Y156ERV) in its cytoplasmic domain. Interestingly, a Y156A substitution led to apical mistrafficking of EREG and transformation of polarized MDCK cells (PNAS 110: 8960-5, 2013). We have identified EREG mutations (R147stop) in human tumors that would disrupt the basolateral sorting motif of EREG and now report that EREG harboring these patient mutations mistrafficks to the apical surface. We propose that ligand mistrafficking is a driver of transformation rather than being a mere passenger. To test our proposal wild-type and mutant EREG will be inducibly (Tet-ON) expressed at various stages of MDCK cyst formation and maintenance in 3D Matrigel cultures where we have now recapitulated the transformation phenotype induced by EREG-mistrafficking. Results from these experiments will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Bhuminder Singh, Galina Bogatcheva, Mary K. Washington, Robert J. Coffey. Spatio-temporal regulation of epithelial transformation by mistrafficking of EGFR ligand, epiregulin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3322. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3322
DOES HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE DURING REGADENOSON STRESS MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING PREDICT PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF ISCHEMIA ?
Authors: Karthikeyan Ananthasubramaniam, Zehra Husain, Rafael Cabrera, Gurunanthan Palani, Aarthee S. Karthikeyan, Zain Choudhry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Overcoming Impotence: What Every Husband &amp;amp; Wife Should Know
Authors: Robert C. Long
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This book addresses psychological impotence. It is a distillate of the author's experience with more than 500 couples with sexual problems. It was written "to help couples who no longer can enjoy having sexual intercourse because the husband has developed impotence." Almost the entire book, 65 of 75 pages, addresses male self-esteem and relationships between man and partner, with emphasis on the psychological interactions that exist between the couple and the effects of these forces on impotence. It is the author's contention that couples, through reading and discussion, will experience (1) a greater understanding of psychological impotence and (2) a better communications system, which, together, will result in a change in behavior. The first five chapters are devoted to these objectives and are assigned a time frame of two weeks. The sixth (final) chapter outlines a program of continuing formal communication sessions, with emphasis on exploring feelings and specific sexual