tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Principles of Health Care Ethics
Authors: M. Warnock
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Raanon Gillon Wiley, £ 125, pp 1152 ISBN 0 471 93033 4

In the early 1980s Beauchamp and Childress first enunciated four prima facie principles of ethics in health care. These principles were taken up and further expounded in Raanon Gillon's book, Philosophical Medical Ethics. The principles are beneficence (the obligation to provide benefits and to balance benefits against risks); non-maleficence (the obligation to avoid causing harm); respect for autonomy (the obligation to respect the decision making capacities of autonomous people); and justice (the obligation of fairness in the distribution of benefits and risks). The four principles are central to the essays in Principles of Health Care Ethics since every contributor (and there are 90 essays in the volume) makes reference to them, either to assert them and discuss their applicability in a particular field or to call one or more …
Endoscopic removal of a piece of retained pancreatic stent with a novel new technique: turned guide-wire looping method
Authors: N. Takahara, H. Isayama, N. Sasahira, T. Hamada, R. Uchino, S. Mizuno, K. Miyabayashi, D. Mohri, K. Kawakubo, H. Kogure, T. Sasaki, N. Yamamoto, Y. Nakai, K. Hirano, M. Tada, K. Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Endoscopic placement of plastic stents to treat stricture of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) due to chronic pancreatitis has been widely accepted [1]. In spite of the improvement of endoscopic skills and devices, proximal migration is one of the most troubling problems. Here we describe a new technique for removing a pancreatic plastic stent (PPS) from the MPD.
Interaction of Adrenal and Gonadal Steroids with Proteins in Human Plasma
Authors: William Rosner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

MORE than 10 years have elapsed since the initial descriptions of a specific protein in human plasma that binds cortisol (corticosteroid-binding globulin, or CBG) and related adrenal steroids with a high affinity, and in that time much has been learned about the protein and its interaction. The identification of a globulin that binds estradiol and testosterone is a more recent finding, and a firm basis for the existence of this protein was not well established until two or three years ago. Although data have been rapidly accumulating, much less is known about this protein than about CBG. I shall review . . .
Comparison of allergenic potentials of timothy (<i>Phleum pratense</i>) pollens from different pollen seasons collected in the Belgrade area
Authors: M. Dj. Gavrović, T. Trtić, Z. Vujčić, S. Petrović, R. M. Jankov
Journal: Allergy (1997)

We investigated extracts of timothy grass pollen from four seasons (1989, 1990, 1991, and 1994) by protein content, SDS‐PAGE, immunoblot, RAST, RAST inhibition, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Extract of the pollen from 1991 showed the lowest yield in quantitative assays. SDS‐PAGE, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, RAST, and RAST inhibition expressed approximately comparable patterns for all extracts except that from 1991. Obviously, the quality of grass pollens, as shown for some ragweed ( Ambrosia elatior ) pollens depend on year of collection. Our findings are partially in agreement with some earlier examinations of the quality of timothy pollen from different pollen seasons.
Consultant only service in a district hospital
Authors: G N Batchelor
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of thought and behaviour is, but the version of it of Dr Fazel and others is, fortunately, unusual.It seems that these doctors have found contact with non-Christian colleagues destructive so one can only hope that their contact with non-Christian patients does not upset them.Luckily most Christian doctors in hospitals find working with Jews, Moslems, and atheists quite acceptable.Most of us in
Interpretation of Glycosuria in the Teenage Diabetic Patient
Authors: P S Moffitt
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

More than 700 insulin-dependent diabetic patients of both sexes and all ages have attended an education and stabilization course. Twelve adult females and four adult males were subsequently issued the means to monitor their blood glucose in their homes. Two of the adult females were pregnant, while the other 14 patients had one or more of the following: renal failure, an abnormal renal threshold, diabetic retinopathy, or continued and unexplained instability. A number of children were also issued Ames reflectometers. Eleven out of 13 male patients between the ages of 12 and 18 yr had no special difficulties except for a poor correlation between minor degrees of glycosuria and blood glucose estimations. One youth had a renal threshold of 17 mmol/L, while a recently diagnosed youth had a varying renal threshold. Eleven out of 17 teenage female diabetic patients had no correlation between urinary and blood glucose estimations with an apparant varying renal threshold being common. Four of these patients had a reflectometer on loan for 6--8 wk, but in three there was continued instability. Two others, who had continued use of home monitoring of blood glucose, had normoglycemia upon review. One of these patients had what appeared to be a varying renal threshold while unstable but a normal threshold with diabetic stability. Regardless of the cause of the disparity between blood and uninary glucose estimations, it appears that the unstable teenage female diabetic patient cannot rely upon urinalysis as a guide to insulin dosage.
Increased T‐cell reactivity to leukemic B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with change of stable disease to its progressive form
Authors: Louis A. Fernandez, J. Michael MacSween, G. Ross Langley
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Some patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have a relatively stable clinical course without treatment, but many of these eventually develop progressive disease. We have followed 68 patients over 5 1/2 years by employing conventional surface markers and lymphocyte reactivity, including that of separate enriched T cells to their own leukemic B cells, to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and to normal allogeneic B cells; we have observed an unusual response in each of the seven patients who developed progressive disease over this period of time. During the stable phase of the disease the T cells from 27 leukemic subjects did not respond to their own leukemic B cells in culture. In the seven patients who developed progressive disease, a significant reactivity of their enriched T cells to their own leukemic B cells occurred. There was no consistent change in T-cell reactivity to PHA or to allogeneic B cells, suggesting a change in the leukemic B-cell populations that was not detected morphologically. The change in reactivity of T cells to leukemic B cells occurred prior to evidence of clinical or laboratory deterioration in one of the seven cases; there was increasing lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy in six and two instances, respectively; and anemia and thrombocytopenia in the three and one cases, respectively.
Berylliosis: A Case Report
Authors: I. B. Sneddon
Journal: BMJ (1955)

MEICTAL-JOURNALrelatives still remain the onerous responsibility, and the duty, of those doctors who choose to make the problem of cerebral neoplasia one of their primary interests.More- over-and this is even more important-in our series of 700 unselected cases of cerebral neoplasm, although 466 were gliomata, there were 147 cases that were potentially curable by surgery; in other words, 21 % of favourable cases.In cases of neoplasm of the brain the segregation of the favourable cases from those of glioma in the early stages is one of the main problems of differential diagnosis, and carelessness in the diagnosis and handling of the glioma cases will reflect unfavourably on the potentially curable group.In a further group of cases we are already using the newer methods of diagnosis, such as with radioactive isotopes, and are experimenting with biochemical forms of treatment and deep x-ray therapy. SummaryExperience with 700 cerebral neoplasms, of which 466 were gliomata, is reviewed.The majority of these new growths are highly malignant and lead to death within two years.Early diagnosis is important.The initial symptoms and signs are raised intracranial pressure, epilepsy, mental change, and neurological signs, though it is generally impossible to base a diagnosis solely on the clinical evidence.X rays, electroencephalography, and lumbar puncture are useful diagnostic aids, but when these fail air encephalo- graphy, ventriculography, or angiography will be neces- sary to decide if a space-occupying lesion is present.Surgical methods of treatment are summarized and discussed.It is emphasized that subtemporal decom- pression should be avoided.Of the 405 patients operated upon, 7 were cured, 23 were returned to a useful life for periods of two to five years, and 52 relieved of distressing symptoms such as severe pain and vomiting.
Database gives free access to UK medical research
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Most biomedical research in the United Kingdom will be made freely available online in a database that went live this month and which is supported by nine of the UK's biggest research sponsors. 

UK PubMed Central (UKPMC; www.ukpmc.ac.uk) mirrors the US PubMed Central database, a free online archive of life science research administered by the US National Institutes of Health. Many of the groups behind the UK initiative, which has been led by the Wellcome Trust, now require that the results of research they support are made available …
362. Using Real-Time (TaqMan®) PCR to Genotype Offspring of Transgenic CF-null Mice — A Core Facility of the UK Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy Consortium
Authors: Rebecca L. Smith, Lee A. Davies, Hazel Painter, Anusha Varathalingam, Deborah R. Gill, Stephen C. Hyde
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common and fatal recessive disease, which is caused by dysfunction of a chloride ion channel, termed the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Several transgenic mouse models have been created to assess the effectiveness of a variety of gene transfer vectors for CF in the respiratory epithelium of the nose and lung (Snouwaert et al, 1992). Use of these animal models requires a sensitive, accurate and fast method for genotyping neonatal mice in order that individual animals may be selected for experiments. The speed of the assay is important as many CF transgenic mouse models have poor survival rates under standard housing conditions. We have established a Core Testing Service using the ABI7700 Sequence Detector (TaqMan|[reg]|, Applied Biosystems Inc, Foster City, USA) to differentiate wild-type, homozygous Cftrtm1UNC and heterozygous littermates by simultaneously detecting mCFTR exon 10, and the vector that replaces exon 10 in the transgenic mice. These sequences were confirmed by cloning of the target DNA to ensure primer specificity. Genotyping can be performed on a range of samples, including ear clips, tail clips and blood, from immediately after birth. Samples are collected in the core facility and the DNA extracted using the DNEasy mini kit (Qiagen Ltd, Crawley, UK). DNA is amplified using the TaqMan|[reg]| instrument. Fluorescent detection avoids the use of gel electrophoresis and potential observer error. The sensitivity of the assay is such that only 20ng DNA is necessary for reproducible genotyping. Up to 28 mice can be assayed at once, and results are typically available in less than 24h. The assay is capable of differentiating between allele copy numbers in homozygotes and heterozygotes, and Fig. 1 shows the differing Cts in detection of the wild type allele in CF-null, heterozygous and wild type mice. Detection of the Cftrtm1UNC allele followed a similar pattern. The assay has been seen to be in complete agreement with other assessments of genotype including weight abnormality. PCR in real time is a rapid, reliable and sensitive method to assess genotype and well suited for genotyping a range of transgenic animal models.
Cardiac Risks and Complications of Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: LEE GOLDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

When internists are consulted to assess risks and to aid in the perioperative management of surgical patients, they often can rely on substantial clinical data to guide the consultation. Perioperative cardiac risk can be estimated based on the severity of underlying heart failure, the occurrence of a recent myocardial infarction or various arrhythmias, the presence of aortic stenosis, the patient's age, the type of planned surgery (including whether it is an emergency or elective procedure), and the patient's general medical condition. Preoperative exercise testing or cardiac catheterization to assess risk are not routinely indicated, but perioperative hemodynamic monitoring to improve management is recommended in patients at high risk. Postoperative hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure commonly occur in the first 2 days after surgery, but the risk of myocardial infarction persists for at least 5 or 6 days after surgery. Effective perioperative consultation must include careful postoperative observation to detect cardiac complications at an early stage and to assist in their management.
Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells Induce Endothelial Adherens Junction Integrity by Sphingosine-1-Phosphate–Mediated Rac1 and Cdc42 Signaling
Authors: Yidan D. Zhao, Hiroshi Ohkawara, Jalees Rehman, Kishore K. Wary, Stephen M. Vogel, Richard D. Minshall, You-Yang Zhao, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale: Little is known about the contribution of bone marrow–derived progenitor cells (BMPCs) in the regulation endothelial barrier function as defined by microvascular permeability alterations at the level of adherens junctions (AJs). Objective: We investigated the role of BMPCs in annealing AJs and thereby in preventing lung edema formation induced by endotoxin (LPS). Methods and Results: We observed that BMPCs enhanced basal endothelial barrier function and prevented the increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability and edema formation in mice after LPS challenge. Coculture of BMPCs with endothelial cells induced Rac1 and Cdc42 activation and AJ assembly in endothelial cells. However, transplantation of BMPCs isolated from sphingosine kinase-1–null mice ( SPHK1 −/− ), having impaired S1P production, failed to activate Rac1 and Cdc42 or protect the endothelial barrier. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that BMPCs have the ability to reanneal endothelial AJs by paracrine S1P release in the inflammatory milieu and the consequent activation of Rac-1 and Cdc42 in endothelial cells.
Reduction in peripheral blood K cells and activated T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Authors: G P Sandilands, R N Macsween, K G Gray, R J Holden, P Mills, F M Reid, M A Thomas, G Watkinson
Journal: Gut (1977)

Lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in the peripheral blood of 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 13 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and 16 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. A significant, relative and absolute, reduction in activated T cells and K cells, compared with that in normal subjects, was found in PBC but not in CAH. The reduction in K cells observed in PBC was found to be accompanied by a parallel decrease in lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.
Trends in Education, Practice, and Organization of Health Services
Authors: George T. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Concern with health has been a basic human reaction from the time of recorded history. The remarkable advances in knowledge of the sciences over the past 100 years have begun to affect the pattern of professional education. In recent years social pressures have been brought to bear for changes in the organization of health services and the patterns of practice. <h3>Historical Trends</h3><h3>Disease.—</h3> In antiquity, disease was surrounded by mystery since it struck quickly without warning and often fatally. Death occurred predominantly in early childhood and during the most active and productive years of young adulthood. As a result, the average life span was short and most people died from acute infections. Disease had it primary effect on the individual, but members of the patient's family and the community were involved in epidemics. Observations on the natural history of disease by intelligent men, who originally were usually also priests, led
Aid agencies pull out of Kabul
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Prematurity can result in widespread neurodevelopmental impairment, with the impact of premature extrauterine exposure on brain function detectable in infancy. A range of neurodynamic and haemodynamic functional brain measures have previously been employed to study the neurodevelopmental impact of prematurity, with methodological and analytical heterogeneity across studies obscuring how multiple sensory systems are affected. Here, we outline a standardised template analysis approach to measure the evoked response magnitudes for visual, tactile, and noxious stimulation within individual infants (n=15) using EEG. By studying a cohort of very preterm infants longitudinally (n=10), we observe that the evoked response template magnitudes are significantly associated with age-related maturation. In a subsequent cross-sectional study, we observe significant differences in visual and tactile response template magnitudes between infants born in the very preterm and late preterm periods (n=10 and 8), age-matched at study. These findings demonstrate the significant impact of premature extrauterine exposure on brain function and suggest that prematurity can accelerate maturation of the visual and tactile sensory system in infants born very prematurely. This study highlights the value of using a standardised multi-modal evoked-activity analysis approach to assess premature neurodevelopment, and will likely complement resting-state EEG and behavioural assessments in the study of the functional impact of developmental care interventions. <h3>Highlights</h3> Multi-modal sensory stimulation is used to assess premature infant brain function A template analysis approach is outlined for multi-modal stimulus-evoked EEG activity Stimulus-evoked template magnitudes change with age Prematurity results in accelerated maturation of visual and tactile sensory systems
Prognostic cardiac catheterization variables in survivors of acute myocardial infarction: A five year prospective study
Authors: Steven P. Schulman, Stephen C. Achuff, Lawrence S.C. Griffith, J.O'Neal Humphries, George J. Taylor, E.David Mellits, Marylu Kennedy, Rosemary Baumgartner, Myron L. Weisfeldt, Kenneth L. Baughman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Foundation hospitals: we've been here before
Authors: N. W Goodman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Here are some headlines. “Health reforms ‘no cure for cash crises’.” “A private hospital by any other name…” “Unsafe hands when the heart's not in it.” Here's an editorial entitled “Doctor, they're in trouble” and which starts, “Imagine the fuss if an untested and untried drug appeared on the market.” Here's another: “When the NHS market crashes”—it begins, “Doctors must be uncertain whether to laugh or cry.”

These headlines are the main reason that foundation hospitals are doomed. The headlines are from news-papers in 1989-90, at the time of the Conservatives' reforms. They could be recycled. Politicians show no signs of learning the most important lesson: stop fiddling about. The difference now, 13 years on, is that those working in the NHS have already seen the failure of numerous other attempts to reform its structure—18 since 1980, according to Kieran Walshe, reader in public management and director of research at Manchester Centre for Healthcare …
PGE2 in Synergy with IL-23 Drives Robust IL-17 Production and Th17 Differentiation by Inhibiting the STAT6 Signaling Pathway
Authors: W. Zhou, M.M. Huckabee, D.C. Newcomb, K. Goleniewska, S. Ji, R.M. Breyer, R.S. Peebles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Fatality Associated With Combined Fluoxetine-Amitriptyline Therapy
Authors: Bryan Baker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —To our knowledge, this is the first published report of a death associated with fluoxetine—tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) interaction. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 36-year-old man with recurrent major depression was prescribed amitriptyline, 150 mg/d, and fluoxetine, 40 mg/d. He died approximately 6 weeks later, and his body was found in his house several weeks after death. An autopsy revealed no anatomical cause of death. Investigation revealed no evidence of suicide by an acute overdose. Toxicological testing revealed only amitriptyline, fluoxetine, their respective metabolites, nortriptyline and norfluoxetine, and ethanol, the level of which was 9 mg/dL (and could be solely because of postmortem formation by microorganisms). Analyses were performed on gastric contents and on samples from the liver, kidney, and brain (Table). <h3>Comment.</h3> —Given these findings, the most plausible explanation for the death of this patient is chronic intoxication with amitriptyline because of a reduction in its clearance
Soluble Human Complement Receptor 1 Limits Ischemic Damage in Cardiac Surgery Patients at High Risk Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Harold L. Lazar, Paula M. Bokesch, Frederick van Lenta, Carmel Fitzgerald, Constance Emmett, Henry C. Marsh, Una Ryan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

This study was undertaken to determine whether soluble human complement receptor type 1 (TP10), a potent inhibitor of complement activation, would reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).This was a randomized multicenter, prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in which 564 high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery on CPB received an intravenous bolus of TP10 (1, 3, 5, 10 mg/kg) or placebo immediately before CPB. The primary endpoint was the composite events of death, myocardial infarction (MI), prolonged (> or =24 hours) intra-aortic balloon pump support (IABP), and prolonged intubation.TP10 significantly inhibited complement activity after 10 to 15 minutes of CPB and this inhibition persisted for 3 days postoperatively. However, there was no difference in the primary endpoint between the 2 groups (33.7% placebo versus 31.4% TP10; P=0.31). The primary composite endpoint was, however, reduced in all male TP10 patients by 30% (P=0.025). TP10 reduced the incidence of death or MI in males by 36% (P=0.026), the incidence of death or MI in CABG males by 43% (P=0.043) and the need for prolonged IABP support in male CABG and valve patients by 100% (P=0.019). There was, however, no improvement seen in female TP10 patients. There were no significant differences in adverse events between the groups.TP10 effectively inhibits complement activation during CPB; however, this was not associated with an improvement in the primary endpoint of the study. Nevertheless, TP10 did significantly decrease the incidence of mortality and MI in male patients.