tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Nutrient Supplementation Reduces the Susceptibility of Low Density Lipoprotein to Oxidation in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Lori Mosca, Melvyn Rubenfire, Caroline Mandel, Cheryl Rock, Tom Tarshis, Alan Tsai, Thomas Pearson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

Objectives. This study sought to determine the effect of antioxidant supplementation on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation in patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). Background. Data are inconsistent regarding the role of antioxidant nutrients in the prevention of CVD. Methods. The study design was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients with CVD (n = 45) were randomized to 1) placebo control; 2) 400 IU of vitamin E, 500 mg of vitamin C, 12 mg of beta-carotene (mid-dose); or 3) 800 IU of vitamin E, 1,000 mg of vitamin C, 24 mg of beta-carotene (high dose) daily. Reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was estimated by an increase in lag phase (minutes). Baseline and 6- and 12-week measurements of lipoproteins and lag phase were obtained. Plasma levels of antioxidants were measured at baseline and 12 weeks. Results. Concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and beta-carotene significantly increased in the mid- and high dose groups during the trial. Lag phase significantly increased from baseline (190.1 ± 63.8 min [mean ± SD]) to 12 weeks (391.1 ± 153.0 min) in the high dose group (p < 0.01). A nonsignificant increase in lag phase in the mid-dose group was observed during the same time interval. A dose response was found for mean percent change from baseline to 12 weeks for lag phase for the placebo, mid- and high dose groups (p = 0.004 for trend). Conclusions. A high dose combination of antioxidant nutrients reduces the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in patients with CVD and may be useful in secondary prevention.
The Patient-Physician Covenant-Reply
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Ring heralds the first step for introducing the patient-physician covenant into the national health care debate. The next step is securing endorsement of the patient-physician covenant by as many of organized medicine's associations, societies, schools, and institutes as are willing to go on record for the ethical position of medical care of patients' precedence over the business of medicine. The step beyond is encouraging every US practitioner to witness to the patient-physician covenant and assembling their names as a manifesto for the moral position of the profession. The last step is sharing the content, process, and goal of the patient-physician covenant, empowered by the witnessing of physicians with the public, civic leaders, and health industry decision makers. By taking these steps the medical profession ensures sustained attention to the full dimensions of quality medical care, including lasting recognition of patients' dignity, inalienable presence of professional vocation, inescapable
On the Treatment of Rheumatic Gout by the Aid of the Constant Galvanic Current
Authors: J. Althaus
Journal: BMJ (1872)

I DO not intend oii the present occasion to bring forward a systematic essay on the pathology of rheumatic gout, or to add one more to the many speculations which have from time to time been proposed con- cerning the nature of this distressing and painful malady.The symptoms of the complaint have been so well described by different authors, amongst whom I will only mention Adams, Todd, and Fuller, that little, if anything, new could be added to their observations: indeed, these symptoms are so patent to the eye, that rheumatic gout may be pronounced one of the few diseases which you can diagnose by merely looking at the patient, without asking him a single question, or entering into any minute physical examination.For, although difficulties in the diagnosis may arise in a few cases, where the larger joints, such as the hip and the knee, or the sterno-clavicular articulation, are affected to the exclusion of the smaller ones, yet the common form of the distemper in which chiefly the interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet are deformed, is so peculiar and characteristic that the nature of the dis- ease may be recognised at a glance.I will not here discuss the question whether rheumatic gout owes its origin to a special poison which is generated in the system.No proofs
Defective mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK2) signaling in gastric mucosa of portal hypertensive rats: Potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Hirofumi Kawanaka, Morimasa Tomikawa, Michael K. Jones, Imre L. Szabo, Rama Pai, Dolgor Baatar, Kouji Tsugawa, Keizo Sugimachi, James I. Sarfeh, Andrzej S. Tarnawski
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Portal hypertensive (PHT) gastropathy is a frequent, serious complication of liver cirrhosis. PHT gastric mucosa has numerous abnormalities such as reduced mucosal potential differences, reduced surface oxygenation, and increased susceptibility to injury caused by alcohol, aspirin, and other noxious factors. Because such mucosal injury is initially mediated by oxygen free radicals, and because mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (ERK2) protects against cellular stress and induces cell proliferation, we postulated that oxidative stress-induced ERK2 activation is defective in PHT gastric mucosa. Here we show that in PHT gastric mucosa, ERK2 activation by oxidative stress is impaired. This impairment is mediated by overexpression of MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), which results from the underlying and continual oxidative state associated with portal hypertension, and is ameliorated by inhibiting MKP-1. Furthermore, we found that supplementing vitamin E, a free radical scavenger, reduces the oxidative state in PHT gastric mucosa, normalizes MKP-1 expression, and thereby reverses impairment of oxidative stress-induced ERK2 activation. Finally, we show that orally administered vitamin E completely reverses the increased susceptibility of PHT gastric mucosa to alcohol injury. Our findings point to a new molecular and mechanistic basis for PHT gastropathy and provide a new therapeutic modality for protection of PHT gastric mucosa.
A piece of my mind. AIDS care curriculum
Authors: J. Howey
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHY IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS
Authors: A.W. McKenzie, J.R. Randal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article PROTEIN‐LOSING ENTEROPATHY IN DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS Get access A.W. McKenzie, A.W. McKenzie Skin Department, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, Norwich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. Randal J.R. Randal Skin Department, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital, Norwich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 90, Issue 6, 1 June 1974, Pages 716–718, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06705.x Published: 01 June 1974
Renin and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of the rat kidney.
Authors: M Chen, M P Harris, D Rose, A Smart, X R He, M Kretzler, J P Briggs, J Schnermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The present study was undertaken to assess the presence of renin enzymatic activity and renin mRNA in proximal tubules of rat kidneys, and to determine the effect of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) on proximal tubule renin gene expression. Proximal convoluted tubules (PCT), proximal straight tubules (PST), outer medullary collecting ducts (OMCD), and glomeruli (Gloms) were isolated by microdissection. Renin activity was measured in sonicated segments by radioimmunoassay. Renin mRNA levels were assessed using a quantitative PCR. Renin activity in PCT averaged 51 +/- 15 microGU/mm compared to 405 +/- 120 microGU/glomerulus. No measurable renin activity was found in PST and OMCD. Renin activity in both glomeruli and tubules had the same pH optimum, between 7.0 and 7.5. Renin mRNA was consistently detectable in cDNA prepared from PCT and PST, although its abundance per mm tubule was about 1/500th that found in one glomerulus. Renin mRNA was not detectable in OMCD. Tubular renin PCR product identity was confirmed by restriction digestion. CEI administration increased glomerular renin activity and renin mRNA, but not proximal tubular renin. The absence of a stimulatory effect of CEI on proximal tubule renin gene expression suggests the operation of different intracellular signals in control of renin synthesis in the proximal tubule than in the vascular compartment.
Tobacco giant fails to prevent Scottish ban on display in shops
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

One of the world’s leading tobacco companies has failed in a legal attempt to prevent a ban being introduced in Scotland on displaying tobacco products in shops.

Imperial Tobacco challenged the right of the Scottish parliament to introduce legislation to ban the open display of tobacco products in shops and end the sale of cigarettes from vending machines. It said that this amounted to the regulation of the sale and supply of goods, which is a power that is reserved to the Westminster parliament. …
Volunteer Clinic Caveats
Authors: Doug Campos-Outcalt
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  — Kleinman 1 has written a valuable article on how physicians can help alleviate the harmful effects of the lack of financial access to health services by one in seven Americans. I would like to add a word of caution to two of his suggestions: (1) that physicians should volunteer at a clinic that offers services to indigent patients; and (2) that physicians should save pharmaceutical samples for patients who cannot afford to have prescriptions filled.  After working for 3 years in two clinics that employed volunteer physicians, I have seen many examples of volunteers causing more harm than good. First, they have a tendency to cancel at the last minute, causing both staff and patients untold inconveniences.  Volunteering should be undertaken as a firm commitment, with the intention that promises of service should not be broken. Physicians who volunteer should also learn about some of the
Adolescents and Their Music: Paganini, Satanists, and Insider Trading
Authors: Ross G. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Drs Brown and Hendee<sup>1</sup>. The concept of musical preference leading to increased index of suspicion for certain clinical entities and behaviors should be expanded. I bet that for every teenager who commits suicide or some crime under the influence of heavy metal music, there are dozens of white-collar criminals engaged in such activities as insider trading, savings and loan fraud, government corruption, defrauding of the Defense Department, etc. Is it possible that listening to Johann Sebastian Bach or Barry Manilow can lead to such behavior? I look forward to reading the results of further research in this area.
Alterations in myocyte shape and basement membrane attachment with tachycardia-induced heart failure.
Authors: J L Zellner, F G Spinale, D M Eble, K W Hewett, F A Crawford
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Chronic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for LV failure in this setting are not known. LV force production is dependent on the coupling of myocytes to the extracellular matrix, which is mediated through the basement membrane. This study was designed to determine whether alterations in myocyte geometry and basement membrane attachment are associated with LV failure in a pacing-induced model of cardiomyopathy. Echocardiographic measurement of LV function was performed in six pigs after 3 weeks of pacing-induced SVT (240 beats/min) and in eight sham-operated controls. Myocytes from these hearts were isolated, and attachment studies to specific components of the basement membrane were performed using laminin, fibronectin, and collagen IV. The SVT group when compared with the control group showed a significant reduction of LV fractional shortening (14 +/- 2% versus 31 +/- 2%, respectively; p less than 0.05), increased end-diastolic dimension (50 +/- 1 versus 35 +/- 1 mm, respectively; p less than 0.05), and lengthening of isolated myocytes (196 +/- 18 versus 142 +/- 9 microns, respectively; p less than 0.05). Myocyte attachment to laminin (50 micrograms/ml) was significantly decreased at 60 minutes in the SVT group compared with the control group (18.2 +/- 4.5 versus 60.9 +/- 4.5 cells/mm2, respectively; p less than 0.05). Similar reductions in myocyte attachment to fibronectin and collagen IV were observed. Ultrastructural examination of LV sections revealed focal disruptions of the basement membrane-sarcolemmal interface and a reduced number of sarcolemmal festoons in SVT hearts compared with control hearts (0.8 +/- 0.6 versus 2.8 +/- 0.8/4 microns, respectively; p less than 0.05). These alterations in myocyte morphology and basement membrane attachment may contribute to the LV failure associated with chronic SVT. Further, these structural changes may play a significant role in the progression of ventricular dysfunction as well as recovery from chronic SVT.
Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Coronary Thrombosis and Pulmonary Emboli With a Novel Fibrin-Targeted Contrast Agent
Authors: Elmar Spuentrup, Arno Buecker, Marcus Katoh, Andrea J. Wiethoff, Edward C. Parsons, Rene M. Botnar, Robert M. Weisskoff, Philip B. Graham, Warren J. Manning, Rolf W. Günther
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The differential diagnosis of acute chest pain is challenging, especially in patients with normal ECG findings, and may include coronary thrombosis or pulmonary emboli. The aim of this study was to investigate the novel fibrin-specific contrast agent EP-2104R for molecular targeted MR imaging of coronary thrombosis and pulmonary emboli. Methods and Results— Fresh clots were engineered ex vivo from human blood and delivered in the lungs and coronary arteries of 7 swine. Subsequent molecular MR imaging was performed with a navigator-gated free-breathing and cardiac-triggered 3D inversion-recovery black-blood gradient-echo sequence before and after systemic administration of 7.5 μmol/kg EP-2104R. Two swine served as the control group. MR images were analyzed by 2 investigators, and contrast-to-noise ratio and gadolinium concentration in the clots were assessed. Before contrast media application, no thrombi were visible. After contrast administration, all 32 pulmonary emboli, 3 emboli in the right heart, and 5 coronary thrombi were selectively visualized as white spots with a mean contrast-to-noise ratio of 32±19. The average gadolinium concentration from all 3 types of thrombi was 144±79 μmol/L. Conclusions— Molecular MR imaging with the fibrin-targeted contrast-agent EP-2104R allows selective visualization of acute coronary, cardiac, and pulmonary thrombi.
Hemoglobin NYU, a delta chain variant, α2δ212Lys
Authors: Helen M. Ranney, Alan S. Jacobs, Bracha Ramot, Thomas B. Bradley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

A minor hemoglobin (Hb) component with the electrophoretic properties of the delta-chain variant Hb A(2') was encountered in two unrelated families of Russian-Jewish ancestry. This minor component, designated Hb NYU, was shown to result from the substitution of lysine for asparagine at delta(12). We have confirmed studies of others that hemoglobin A(2') isolated from the hemoglobin of some African subjects, results from the replacement of the normal glycine at delta(16) by arginine. Thus for interpretations of the incidence of delta-chain variants in different populations, electrophoretic data are not sufficient. In members of one of the families in the present study, the visual estimations of normal Hb A(2) and of Hb NYU on starch-gel electrophoretic patterns suggested the presence of delta-thalassemia. In hemolysates of one of the heterozygotes for Hb NYU, hemoglobin A(2) was not demonstrable with starch-gel electrophoretic methods but was readily recovered by column chromatography in approximately the amounts expected for delta-chain heterozygotes.
Effective Dosage of Tricyclic Antidepressants
Authors: W. H. Lyle
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by AdenovirusType 19 SIR,-We were interested in the cases of adenovirus type 19 keratoconjunctivitis reported from Belgium and Holland by Dr. J. Desmyter and others (16 November, p. 406).Though a few strains of this virus have been isolated elsewhere in Britain during 1973-4, it was not until July 1974 that it was first detected in Scotland.The patient, a male anaesthetist aged 52 years, first developed photophobia and "gritty" discomfort of the right eye and five to six days later the left eye became affected.Ophthalmological examination confirmed the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis with deep scleral inflammation.A conjunctival swab was submitted for virological examination and meanwhile treatment with chloram- phenicol was instituted, with no effect.Though the episode lasted one month, the patient continued his normal duties throughout.An adenovirus, subsequently identified as type 19, was isolated in human amnion cell cultures.This appeared to be an isolated incident.There was no relevant history of recent travel abroad or contact with a similar case.However, this does raise the question whether anaesthetists may be at special risk from their proximity to the face and oronasal secretions of their patients.-Weare, etc.,
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Low-Dose Involved-Field Radiotherapy for Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Hidefumi Aoyama, Hiroki Shirato, Jun Ikeda, Kenji Fujieda, Kazuo Miyasaka, Yutaka Sawamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of chemotherapy followed by low-dose involved-field radiotherapy for the treatment of intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with GCTs, including 16 pure germinomas, 11 human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (HCG-β)–secreting germinomas, three mixed GCTs composed of immature teratomas plus germinomas (IMT/G), and three highly malignant mixed GCTs, were treated. Etoposide and cisplatin (EP) were used for the treatment of solitary pure germinomas, and ifosfamide, cisplatin, and etoposide (ICE) were used for the treatment of other GCTs. The dose schedule was 24 Gy for germinomas and 40 to 54 Gy for other GCTs. An involved-field set-up was used except for highly malignant GCTs, in which craniospinal irradiation was used. The median follow-up was 58 months (range, 18 to 102 months). RESULTS: Disease-related, overall, and relapse-free survival rates at 5 years were 100%, 93%, and 69% for all patients, 100%, 100%, and 86% for patients with pure germinomas, and 100%, 75%, and 44% for patients with HCG-β-secreting germinomas, respectively. All six patients with nongerminomatous GCTs were alive at the last follow-up. All eight relapses (one pure germinoma, five HCG-β-secreting germinomas, and two IMT/G), except one in a course of salvage treatment, were salvaged and free of disease at the last follow-up. No decline was observed in the full-scale, verbal, or performance intelligence quotient at 12 to 51 months after the treatment in 11 patients. CONCLUSION: Our results support an excellent prognosis after EP and ICE regimens followed by radiotherapy. Dose and volume can be reduced to 24 Gy in 12 fractions and involve a field set-up after EP chemotherapy for the treatment of pure germinomas.
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase in human erythrocytes.
Authors: G C Yeh, S C Harris, J M Phang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, which converts pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline, has been identified in human erythrocytes. The level of pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity in these cells is comparable to the activity levels of major erythrocyte enzymes. The physiologic function of the enzyme in erythrocytes cannot be related to its function in other tissues, i.e., producing proline for protein synthesis. We examined the kinetic properties of erythrocyte pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase and compared them to the properties of the enzyme from proliferating cultured human fibroblasts. We found that the kinetic properties and regulation of the erythrocyte enzyme are distinctly different from those for human fibroblast pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. These characteristics are consistent with the interpretation that the function of the enzyme in human erythrocytes may be to generate oxidizing potential in the form of NADP+.
Violence and gun crime
Authors: Gwen Adshead, Peter Fonagy, Sameer P Sarkar
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Protecting children and reducing social exclusion are the priorities

The headlines about gun crime and violent crime in the United Kingdom are tragic and alarming—seven deaths of young people by October 2007 from gun crime and an apparent increase in violent crime generally. When combined with other news of gun related incidents, such as the shooting of Jean Charles De Menezes by a police officer in a London underground station, anxiety about the danger of guns is understandably high. 

The statistics behind the headlines help to put the problem into context. Firearms offences in this country constitute 0.4% of all recorded crime; only 0.2% if airguns are excluded. The overall frequency of gun crime in the UK has been decreasing, and in 2005-6 the number of homicides involving firearms was 50: the lowest for 10 years.1

Looking at homicide figures from an international perspective also helps reduce the collective sense of anxiety. In 2001, the average homicide rate internationally was 1.6/100 000 people,2 which interestingly is the same as in England and Wales. The rate in Scotland, which has a total ban on guns, was 2.2. The rate in the United States is 5.6, but even this rate is much …