tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The biocide tributyltin reduces the accumulation of testosterone as fatty acid esters in the mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta).
Authors: Meredith P Gooding, Vickie S Wilson, Leroy C Folmar, Dragoslav T Marcovich, Gerald A LeBlanc
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Imposex, the development of male sex characteristics by female gonochoristic snails, has been documented globally and is causally associated with exposure to the ubiquitous environmental contaminant tributyltin (TBT). Elevated testosterone levels in snails also are associated with TBT, and direct exposure to testosterone has been shown to cause imposex. We discovered previously that the mud snail (Ilyanassa obsoleta)biotransforms and retains excess testosterone primarily as fatty acid esters. The purpose of this study was to determine whether TBT interferes with the esterification of testosterone, resulting in the elevated free (unesterified) testosterone levels associated with imposex. Exposure of snails to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT (> or = 1.0 ng/L as tin) significantly increased the incidence of imposex. Total (free + esterified) testosterone levels in snails were not altered by TBT; however, free testosterone levels increased with increasing exposure concentration of TBT. TBT-exposed snails were given [14C]]testosterone to measure the production of [14C]testosterone-fatty acid esters. The production of testosterone-fatty acid esters decreased with increasing exposure concentration of TBT. These results indicate that TBT elevates free testosterone levels in snails by decreasing the production or retention of testosterone-fatty acid esters. These findings were confirmed among field-sampled snails where individuals collected from a high-tin-affected site exhibited a greater incidence of imposex, higher free testosterone levels, and lower testosterone-fatty acid ester levels when compared with individuals sampled from a low-tin-affected site. Decreased testosterone-fatty acid esterification among TBT-treated snails was not caused by direct inhibition of the acyl coenzyme A:testosterone acyltransferase (ATAT) enzyme responsible for testosterone esterification, nor by suppressed ATAT protein expression. The target of TBT may be a co-contributor to the testosterone fatty esterification process or a factor in the enhanced hydrolysis of the testosterone-fatty acid pool.
Letter: Diazepam withdrawal symptoms.
Authors: W Bant
Journal: BMJ (1975)

risk in patients receiving long-term pheno- barbitone or phenytoin therapy.Exposure to enzyme-inducing agents such as drugs, industrial and agricultural chemicals, pesticides, food additives, etc, is a hazard of living in the more highly developed countries.It is tempting to speculate that the differences in serum cholesterol between such populations and those of less affluent countries, which have never been fully ex- plained by differences in dietary intakes of animal fat,89 may in part be due to differ- ences in their degree of enzyme induction.
Long-Term Treatment of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension with Aerosolized Iloprost, a Prostacyclin Analogue
Authors: Marius M. Hoeper, Michael Schwarze, Stefan Ehlerding, Angelika Adler-Schuermeyer, Edda Spiekerkoetter, Jost Niedermeyer, Michael Hamm, Helmut Fabel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Continuous intravenous infusion of epoprostenol (prostacyclin) is an effective treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension. This approach requires the insertion of a permanent central venous catheter, with the associated risk of serious complications. Recently, aerosolized iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, has been introduced as an alternative therapy for severe pulmonary hypertension.
Reply from Authors re: Christopher R. Chapple. Which Preparation of Botulinum Toxin A Should Be Used, Where Should It Be Injected, and How Should Its Efficacy Be Assessed? Eur Urol 2012;61:936–37
Authors: Rustom P. Manecksha, Ivor M. Cullen, Sarfraz Ahmad, Graeme McNeill, Robert Flynn, Thomas E.D. McDermott, Ronald Grainger, John A. Thornhill
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Relationship Between Palpography and Virtual Histology in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Salvatore Brugaletta, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Patrick W. Serruys, Akiko Maehara, Vasim Farooq, Gary S. Mintz, Bernard de Bruyne, Steven P. Marso, Stefan Verheye, Dariusz Dudek, Christian W. Hamm, Nahim Farhat, Francois Schiele, John McPherson, Amir Lerman, Pedro R. Moreno, Bertil Wennerblom, Martin Fahy, Barry Templin, Marie-Angel Morel, Gerrit Anne van Es, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Abstract P4-12-23: Subcutaneous trastuzumab (Herceptin™) in patients with HER-2 positive early breast cancer: A UK time and motion study in comparison with intravenous formulation
Authors: R Burcombe, S Chan, R Simcock, K Samanta, F Percival, P Barrett-Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Aim: To quantify active healthcare professional (HCP) time and costs associated with subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) infusion administration of trastuzumab (Herceptin) in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer within the adjuvant PrefHer trial; secondly, to measure patient time in the care unit and patient chair time for both routes of administration. Methods: A UK multi-centre prospective, observational time and motion study was conducted alongside the PrefHer trial (ClinicalTrials.gov id: NCT01401166). Trained observers measured the duration of each SC and IV related task HCPs undertook and recorded patient time in the chemotherapy unit and treatment chair. The type and quantity of medical consumables used with each route of administration were also collected. 24 patient episodes were recorded (12 SC, 12 IV). Mean total administration time was calculated as the mean sum of task times, for both IV and SC formulations. The mean cost of each route of administration was calculated as the mean cost of HCP time plus the mean cost of consumables used. HCP time was costed using data from the Personal Social Services Research Unit. Consumables were costed using hospital pharmacy data and online sources. Results: Mean active HCP time for IV preparation and administration was 92.6 minutes compared with 24.6 minutes for SC administration. The mean cost for IV preparation and administration was £144.96 (£132.05 of HCP time and £12.92 of consumables) versus £33.15 (£31.99 of HCP time and £1.17 of consumables) for SC administration. Mean time spent by patients in the care unit and treatment chair was 94.5 minutes and 75 minutes respectively for IV, and 30.3 minutes and 19.8 minutes for SC. SC administration of trastuzumab could translate to a HCP time saving of 68 minutes (34.5 minutes of preparation time and 33.5 minutes of administration time) (versus IV) with a total cost saving of £111.81 per patient episode. This equates to a potential saving of £2012.58 over a full course of adjuvant trastuzumab treatment (18 cycles). Conclusion: Substituting IV infusion with SC administration of trastuzumab may lead to a substantial reduction in active HCP time, consumable use and overall cost. The reduced patient chair and unit time could provide increased capacity within existing resources. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-12-23.
A NEW DUODENAL TUBE AND TIP
Authors: N. Philip Norman
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Einhorn, Jutte, Rehfuss, Lyon, Palefski, Kohn and Buckstein are names that are associated with apparatus designed for duodenal intubation and drainage. The Einhorn tip is a small, olive-shaped, fenestrated piece of metal. The Jutte tube has a blind tip with the fenestrations in the body of the tube. The Rehfuss tip is a large, olive-shaped tip, with slits leading to the center of the tip and then to the tube. The Lyon tip is pear-shaped, with slits, much the same as the Rehfuss tip. The Palefski tip is globular, with fenestrations through the body of the tip. The Kohn tube has small rubber bags attached, one at the tip and another in an intermediary position on the tube so as to sequestrate a certain portion of the small intestine when the bags are inflated. The Buckstein tube and bucket is simply a Jutte tube to which a bucket is attached
President Bush and Congress intervene in “right to die” case
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The battle over Terri Schiavo, the brain damaged Florida woman who has been on a life support machine since a cardiac arrest 15 years ago, took a new turn this week when Congress intervened to invalidate the ruling of a state judge to permit removal of her feeding tube.

A bipartisan bill was passed by members of the Senate and House of Representatives on Sunday to force the Schiavo case into a federal court for the review of Mrs Schiavo's constitutional rights and the possible reinstatement of her feeding tube. President …
1018-53 Pravastatin Prevents Restenosis After PTCA of High Grade Stenotic Lesions — Results of SHIPS (SHIga Pravastatin Study)
Authors: Yasuyuki Nakamura, Osamu Yamaoka, Kazunori Uchida, Naoki Morigami, Tamotsu Fujita, Teruro Inoue, Toshikazu Fuchi, Masataka Hachisuka, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Masahiko Kinoshita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Waiting lists respond to cash boost
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The increase in the length of hospital waiting lists in Britain since the Labour government came to power in 1997 has been reversed this summer, with the number of people on awaiting list falling in England by more than 45000 in three months. This leaves a total of 1.26 million people waiting for admission to NHS hospitals.

The fall reflects the extra £320m ($512m) pumped in by the government to fund both more work to reduce waiting lists and longer hours by doctors and nurses. Conservative critics claim that the figures are being manipulated in a “climate of fear” about the loss of jobs or …
An Evaluation of the Internship Experience in New Jersey Hospitals (1966-1967)
Authors: Erwin O. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1969)

During 1966 and 1967, 29 of the 39 hospitals conducting internships approved by the American Medical Association in New Jersey and representing more than 80% of the interns in the state joined in an internship evaluation by means of a preinternship and postinternship National Board Part III Examination. Through the cooperation of the hospitals' directors of medical education, there was almost 100% enrollment in the program by interns in participating hospitals. Improvement between the preinternship and postinternship examination was roughly the same for foreign as for American graduates, although foreign graduates obtained lower scores. Performance by American graduates was similar to performance of American graduates in other large groups. There was a large conversion from fail to pass among foreign graduates.
Prognostic Importance of the White Blood Cell Count for Coronary, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Richard H. Grimm
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The relationship of white blood cell count (WBC) to fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and all-cause and cancer mortality was assessed in a subset of participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). For this group of 6,222 middle aged men, total WBC count was found to be strongly and significantly related to risk of CHD, independent of smoking status. Change in WBC count from baseline to the annual examination just prior to the CHD event was found to be a significant and independent predictor of CHD risk. For each decrease in WBC count of 1,000/cu mm the risk for CHD death decreased 14%, controlling for baseline WBC count and other CHD risk factors (smoking, cholesterol level, diastolic blood pressure). The WBC count was strongly related cross-sectionally to cigarette smoking and smoking status as indicated by serum thiocyanate concentration. Smokers on average had a WBC count of 7,750/cu mm compared with 6,080/cu mm for nonsmokers. The WBC count was also significantly associated with cancer death, independent of reported smoking and serum thiocyanate levels.
Herpetic Paronychia — An Occupational Hazard of Medical Personnel
Authors: Francis E. Rosato, Ernest F. Rosato, Stanley A. Plotkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

HERPES simplex infection of the finger is unusual in the general population. Previous reports1 , 2 have emphasized its frequent occurrence in hospital personnel. This article summarizes five cases observed in physicians and nurses at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania within the past three years.The patients, 22 to 29 years of age, had extensive patient contact involving oropharyngeal care, four having had recent exposure to patients with known herpes stomatitis. All experienced marked pain at the site of the local lesion, which involved the index finger in three and the thumb in two patients. The distal phalanx was erythematous . . .
A Phase II Study of ABT-751 in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ann M. Mauer, Ezra E.W. Cohen, Patrick C. Ma, Mark F. Kozloff, Lee Schwartzberg, Andrew I. Coates, Jiang Qian, Anne E. Hagey, Gary B. Gordon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
How are saccades generated?
Authors: John M. Findlay, Robin Walker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Our target article discussed how emerging knowledge of the physiological processes involved in the control of saccadic eye movements provided the basis for a functional framework in which to understand the programming of such movements. The commentators raised many interesting issues in their varied responses that ranged from detailed discussion of the physiological substrate through issues of saccade control in reading. New evidence at the physiological level demonstrates that some elaborations are needed to the framework we proposed. Most clearly, the spatial selection process operates in a manner different from our suggestion of an increase in activity in the salience map. Some commentators make the interesting and welcome proposal that the functional processes we outline may in fact be implemented with an even more unified physiological substrate (continuity between collicular fixation and build-up cells) than we envisaged. Extensions to the framework are discussed involving the planning of sequential saccades, saccades made in crossmodal situations, the influences of learning and memory, and binocular saccades. We consider carefully the commentaries proposing explicit attentional and/or executive processes in the programming of saccades. We integrate the comments of researchers investigating saccade control in neurological and neuropsychiatric patients and finally discuss whether the framework can account for saccades made in the course of reading.
The Treatment System
Authors: HAROLD M. VISOTSKY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The author describes the principal forms of treatment offered in various kinds of psychiatric facilities in the U.S.S.R., many of which are similar to those employed in the U.S. He was particularly struck with the emphasis on workshops and on community contacts as providing the link leading to early discharge, and with the air of optimism pervading the treatment milieu.
Exacerbation of pustulosis palmaris et plantaris after topical application of metals accompanied by elevated levels of leukotriene B4 in pustules
Authors: Koichiro Nakamura, Sumihisa Imakado, Mitsuhisa Takizawa, Makoto Adachi, Makoto Sugaya, Motoshi Wakugawa, Akihiko Asahina, Kunihiko Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
Nitration of Tyrosine 10 Critically Enhances Amyloid β Aggregation and Plaque Formation
Authors: Markus P. Kummer, Michael Hermes, Andrea Delekarte, Thea Hammerschmidt, Sathish Kumar, Dick Terwel, Jochen Walter, Hans-Christian Pape, Simone König, Sigrun Roeber, Frank Jessen, Thomas Klockgether, Martin Korte, Michael T. Heneka
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Liver iron distribution, histological activity and mutations in the hemochromatosis gene (HFE) in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: M. Sampietro, R. Boldorini, N. Corbetta, M. Amato, A. Casatta, L. Lupica, R. Nunziata, M. Mattioli, M. Del Vitto, V. Molteni, A.L. Fracanzani, S. Fargion, G. Fiorelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Residual biliary stones: do we need peroral cholangioscopy?
Authors: Y.-C. Peng, W.-K. Chow
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

We read with interest the recent study by Lee et al. regarding the use of direct peroral cholangiography for the management of residual biliary stones after mechanical lithotripsy [1]. The management of residual stones after mechanical lithotripsy indeed remains a challenge. Traditionally, residual stones are detected indirectly by occlusion cholangiography with balloon or basket. Recent studies have noted that cholangioscopy is an alternative for detecting residual biliary stones [1] [2] [3]. There are a number of technical differences between cholangiography and cholangioscopy, but the major difference lies in the ability of the latter technique to provide direct visualization of a stone. There are several factors related to non-detection of residual stones on cholangiography.
Reed–Sternberg-Cell Leukemia and Lactic Acidosis
Authors: P. Philip Scheerer, Robert V. Pierre, Dale L. Schwartz, James W. Linman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

Reed–Sternberg cells are the sine qua non for the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. Although these giant cells were pointed out by Langhans1 in 1872 and again by Greenfield2 in 1878, Sternberg3 first described them in detail in 1898 but mistakenly attributed them to tuberculosis. In 1902 Reed4 accurately emphasized their diagnostic significance. Therefore, the term "Reed–Sternberg cell" appears to be an appropriate designation. On occasion the cells are detectable in bone-marrow aspirates from patients with Hodgkin's disease; however, they are rarely found in the peripheral blood. This report deals with an unusual patient with Hodgkin's disease in whom a leukemic . . .
Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures: Author's reply
Authors: David Torgerson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures Vitamin K supplementation has powerful effectEditor-Porthouse et al conducted a good randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) for prevention of fractures in primary care. 1 However, vitamin D and calcium are not enough.No mention was made of the extensive research from Japan and the Netherlands, which shows that vitamin K supplementation has a powerful effect in decreasing osteoporosis and osteoporosis related fractures.Combining vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium seems ideal.Researchers from Osaka Medical College showed that vitamin K and vitamin D together increased bone density much better than vitamin K alone. 2hen comparing calcium and vitamin D alone with placebo, researchers at the University of Maastricht found little benefit on bone loss.But those randomised to take vitamin K in addition to calcium and vitamin D had significantly less femoral neck bone loss after three years. 3he Yamaguchi osteoporosis prevention study showed that vitamin K alone reduced vertebral fractures by 56% compared to placebo, comparable to the benefit found from etidronate. 4 Researchers at Hirosaki University in Japan showed that vitamin K lowered bone fractures in elderly female patients with Parkinson's by 90%. 5 The same research team showed an 86% decrease in fractures in elderly patients with Alzheimer's treated with a combination of vitamin K, vitamin D, and calcium compared with placebo.w1 If the medical standard became to first use vitamins D and K with calcium before using bisphosphonates or selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the public would save billions of dollars a year.
Neuro-Psychological Basis of Conduct Disorder
Authors: R. G. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1937)

June 17 and 18.Dr. Gordon took as his subject "The Neuro-psychological Basis of Conduct Disorder."In his first lecture he premised that conduct disorder would depend upon one or more of three principal factors: (1) an interference with the functional integrity of the body; (2) a similar interference with that of the mind; (3) an environment pressing too hardly upon the individual or demanding too much of his unaided effort.The angle from which he proposed to discuss the subject was one not usually taken in current polemics-namely,
821. Development of a Site-Specific Integrating Gene-Deleted Adenoviral Vector for Sustained Transgene Expression Levels In Vivo
Authors: Anja Ehrhardt, Stephen R. Yant, Giering A. Jeff, Hui Xu, Michele P. Calos, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Integrating vectors have been demonstrated to result in sustained transgene expression levels in vivo, but most are hampered by the risk of insertional mutagenesis. For a safer gene therapy protocol, site-specific integrating vectors are needed. Recently, it was shown that integration mediated by the integrase phiC31 derived from a Streptomyces phage resulted in site-specific integration by recombining the phiC31 recognition site attB in an episomal plasmid with pseudo attP sites in the host chromosome (Olivares et al., Nat Biotechnol 20:1124-8, 2002). In this study, we present a hybrid vector which utilizes the high transduction efficiency of a gene-deleted (HD) adenoviral vector to deliver the site-specific integration machinery of phiC31. Recombinant adenoviral vector genomes mainly persist as linear DNA molecules which motivated us to first compare the phiC31 mediated integration efficiency from circular and linear episomal DNA. We found that the integration efficiency was 14.8-fold higher from circular substrates and only 3.8-fold higher from linear DNA molecules compared to the mutant integrase control group. Thus, we based our system on a two vector system in which the transgene expression cassette is circularized from a HD vector by Flp mediated recombination, followed by phiC31- mediated integration.
Cinnamon extract inhibits degranulation and <i>de novo</i> synthesis of inflammatory mediators in mast cells
Authors: Y. Hagenlocher, I. Bergheim, S. Zacheja, M. Schäffer, S. C. Bischoff, A. Lorentz
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Mast cells ( MC ) are main effector cells of allergic and other inflammatory reactions; however, only a few anti‐ MC agents are available for therapy. It has been reported that cinnamon extract ( CE ) attenuates allergic symptoms by affecting immune cells; however, its influence on MC was not studied so far. Here, we analyzed the effects of CE on human and rodent MC in vitro and in vivo . Methods Expression of MC ‐specific proteases was examined in vivo in duodenum of mice following oral administration of CE . Release of mediators and phosphorylation of signaling molecules were analyzed in vitro in human MC isolated from intestinal tissue (hi MC ) or RBL ‐2H3 cells challenged with CE prior to stimulation by Fcε RI cross‐linking. Results Following oral treatment with CE , expression of the mast cell proteases MCP 6 and MC ‐ CPA was significantly decreased in mice. In hi MC , CE also caused a reduced expression of tryptase. Moreover, in hi MC stimulated by IgE cross‐linking, the release of β‐hexosaminidase was reduced to about 20% by CE . The de novo synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, TNF α, CXCL 8, CCL 2, CCL 3, and CCL 4, was almost completely inhibited by CE . The attenuation of mast cell mediators by CE seems to be related to particular signaling pathways, because we found that activation of the MAP kinases ERK , JNK , and p38 as well as of Akt was strongly reduced by CE . Conclusion CE decreases expression of mast cell–specific mediators in vitro and in vivo and thus is a new plant‐originated candidate for anti‐allergic therapy.
Complete molecular responses are achieved after reduced intensity stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nicholas B. Heaney, Mhairi Copland, Karen Stewart, Judith Godden, Anne N. Parker, I. Grant McQuaker, Graeme M. Smith, Charles Crawley, Pat Shepherd, Tessa L. Holyoake
Journal: Blood (2008)