tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypothermia During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Delays but Does Not Prevent Neutrophil– Endothelial Cell Adhesion
Authors: Françoise Le Deist, Philippe Menasché, Christophe Kucharski, Alain Bel, Armand Piwnica, Gérard Bloch
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background An accurate evaluation of warm heart surgery cannot be limited to the assessment of the myocardial effects of warm blood cardioplegia but should also address the effects of systemic normothermia on the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass. A major component of this response is the endothelial adhesion of neutrophils, because it is linked to the release of cytotoxic compounds. This study was designed (1) to characterize the bypass-induced changes in the expression of neutrophil adhesion molecules (L-selectin and β 2 -integrins) and (2) to assess the influence of bypass temperature on these changes. Methods and Results Twenty case-matched patients undergoing open-heart procedures were divided into two equal groups according to the core temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass: warm (33.4±0.3°C) or cold (27.1±0.4°C, P &lt;.0001 versus warm). Arterial blood samples were collected before, during, and 30 minutes after bypass and processed for the expression of L-selectin and β 2 -integrins (CD11a, CD11b, and CD11c) with flow cytometry. Warm bypass was associated with an early and sustained upregulation of CD11b. In contrast, hypothermia resulted in a strikingly less pronounced CD11b upregulation during bypass. However, CD11b expression sharply increased thereafter so that 30 minutes after bypass, it was no longer significantly different between the two groups. Changes in CD11c expression grossly paralleled those described for CD11b. Neither CD11a nor L-selectin changed significantly from baseline values in either group. Conclusions Clinical cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a marked upregulation of the neutrophil CD11b and CD11c integrins. Hypothermia delays but does not prevent the increased expression of these adhesion molecules, which could consequently represent logical targets for interventions designed to blunt the neutrophil-mediated component of bypass-induced inflammatory tissue damage.
Platelet survival time in patients with hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: P Steele, J H Ellis, H S Weily, E Genton
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Platelet survival time (autologous labeling with 51chromium) was measured in 63 patients in order to evaluate the role of platelets in the thromboembolic complications of patients with hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension. Thirty-eight of these patients had chronic obstructive airways disease; 13, primary pulmonary hypertension; seven, recurrent pulmonary embolism; four, the Eisenmenger syndrome; and one, multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistula. Forty-three patients were hypeakly associated with arterial oxygen tension ( r = 0.50), but not with the arterial carbon dioxide tension or the level of pulmonary artery pressure. Sulfinpyrazone lengthened platelet survival in 12 of 24 (50%) treated patients but this drug did not alter either arterial oxygen tension arterial carbon dioxide tension, or pulmonary artery pressure. Our results suggest that hypoxemia is associated with shortened platelet survival time and that platelets may, therefore, be involved in the thromboembolic complications that develop in patients with hypoxemia.
Calcium kinetics in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: T. T. ZSOTER, C. WOLCHINSKY, N. F. HENEIN, L. C. HO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Journal Article Calcium kinetics in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats Get access T. T. ZSOTÉR, T. T. ZSOTÉR 2 From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada 2 Address for correspondence and reprints: Dr T. T. Zsotér, Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. WOLCHINSKY, C. WOLCHINSKY From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. F. HENEIN, N. F. HENEIN From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. C. HO L. C. HO From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 11, Issue 4, July 1977, Pages 353–357, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/11.4.353 Published: 01 July 1977
Infectious Disease and the Immature Brain
Authors: Peter B. Rosenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The accumulated literature of the past half century leaves little doubt that infectious disease of the immature brain can lead to impaired learning ability in the mature person. In bacterial infections, it is highly probable that effective therapy of the acute infection has reduced the incidence of this sequela; in a recent survey at least,1 the incidence of frank mental retardation after well managed bacterial meningitis appears to approach that in the population at large. A tabulation of the ages of patients with post-tuberculous meningitis in one institution for the retarded2 suggests a historical progression from zero incidence in the . . .
Veterans' Mental Health in the Wake of War
Authors: Matthew J. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Some aspects of the psychological experiences of war bind veterans together across temporal and national boundaries. Consider Hotspur's traumatic nightmares in Shakespeare's King Henry IV, Part I, the challenges confronting Homer's Odysseus on his return home from Troy, the alienation and reentry problems faced by the German survivors of the trenches of World War I in Erich Maria Remarque's The Road Back, and the emotional numbing and intrusive recollections of jungle warfare afflicting Bao Ninh's North Vietnamese protagonist in The Sorrow of War. These depictions continue to ring true with regard to our newest veterans from Afghanistan and Iraq. . . .
Evolution of MHC class I loci in marsupials: characterization of sequences from koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) [published erratum appears in Mol Biol Evol 1996 Dec;13(10):1407]
Authors: B. A. Houlden, W. D. Greville, W. B. Sherwin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

We demonstrate that koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) MHC class I constitutes a variable multigene family. A total of nine partial exon 2 and 3 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I sequences are presented, including six sequences from at least three loci from one koala. Variation was detected by examination of sequences from a number of individuals and family groups. The koala is the second marsupial species characterized to date, and comparisons reveal approximately 80% similarity with sequences from the red necked wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus). The latter sequences represent at least two, and probably three, different loci. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that all koala sequences are more related to one another than they are to any of the wallaby loci. This indicates that the koala sequences are probably not orthologous to the wallaby genes, and thus represent a new class I gene family. In addition, marsupial gene families cluster away from human gene families, supporting a different origin of MHC genes for marsupials and eutherians.
Rupture of the Bronchus from Bronchoscopy During a Paroxysm of Coughing
Authors: Edward B. Benedict
Journal: JAMA (1961)

RUPTURE of the bronchus during bronchoscopy is a rare occurrence; so rare in fact that in a series of over 5,800 bronchoscopies performed over a period of 25 years, no ruptured bronchus during bronchoscopy has occurred in my own experience until very recently. In 2 recent cases excessive coughing during the procedure seemed to be the only etiological factor. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 62-year-old woman entered the hospital because of "spells" of 2 years' duration. The attacks began with episodes of uncontrollable coughing usually productive of bloody sputum. Complete neuromedical studies failed to elucidate the cause of her<i>tussive syncope</i>. An x-ray of the chest showed the left lung to be clear. On the right there was a very dense area of calcification measuring approximately 1.5 cm. in diameter within the right lower lobe. This was felt to be most likely a tuberculous granuloma. A pulmonary consultant raised
Medical Aspects of Boxing, Particularly from a Neurological Standpoint
Authors: M. Critchley
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are key elements in the signaling cascades that lie downstream of many cellular receptors. In particular, PI3K δ and γ isoforms contribute to inflammatory cell recruitment and subsequent activation. For this reason, in a series of preclinical studies, we tested the potential of a recently developed small-molecule inhibitor of these two isoforms, TG100-115 [3-[2,4-diamino-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pteridin-7-yl]phenol], as a form of anti-inflammatory therapy for respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To determine pharmacokinetic profiles, aerosolized formulations of the drug were delivered to mice by a nose-only inhalation route, yielding high pulmonary TG100-115 levels with minimal systemic exposure. Safety assessments were favorable, with no clinical or histological changes noted after 21 days of daily dosing. In a murine asthma model, aerosolized TG100-115 markedly reduced the pulmonary eosinophilia and the concomitant interleukin-13 and mucin accumulation characteristic of this disease. As a functional benefit, interventional dosing schedules of this inhibitor also reduced airway hyper-responsiveness. To model the pulmonary neutrophilia characteristic of COPD, mice were exposed to either intranasal lipopolysaccharide or inhaled smoke. Aerosolized TG100-115 again inhibited these inflammatory patterns, most notably in the smoke model, where interventional therapy overcame the steroid-resistant nature of the pulmonary inflammation. In conclusion, aerosolized TG100-115 displays pharmacokinetic, safety, and biological activity profiles favorable for further development as a therapy for both asthma and COPD. Furthermore, these studies support the hypothesis that PI3K δ and γ are suitable molecular targets for these diseases.
The Pleiotropic Functions of Interleukin 15
Authors: Averil Ma, David L. Boone, James P. Lodolce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

Since its discovery in 1994, IL-15 has been studied in the context of its structural cousin, IL-2 ([1][1]). Early biochemical and in vitro lymphocyte studies revealed many similarities between IL-15 and IL-2: (a) IL-2 and IL-15 constitute the only two members of a family of cytokines containing a
Sclerotherapy-associated esophageal hematoma in a patient with myelofibrosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Franziska Durchschein, Elisabeth Krones, Andreas Eherer, Johannes Plank, Heinz Hammer
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 71-year-old woman with primary myelofibrosis and esophageal varices was admitted for her first rubber band ligation procedure (platelet count, 58 000/mm3; partial thromboplastin time, 33.4 seconds; international normalized ratio, 1.28). At endoscopy, the esophageal mucosa was extremely fragile and difficult to aspirate into the ligation device. Three of the six rubber bands placed at the gastroesophageal junction slipped off, leaving oozing blood. This was treated by injecting 3.5 mL of polidocanol (Aethoxysklerol; Base Pharma, Gordon, NSW, Australia). During withdrawal of the endoscope, several areas with bluish bullous lesions (each < 1 cm in diameter) were observed in the upper two-thirds of the esophagus ([Fig. 1]). One of these lesions, which showed slight oozing of blood, was injected with 1 mL of polidocanol.
Time to halt an out of control trial with ineffective oversight
Authors: S. Bewley, L. Rose, P. Gotzsche, M. Blennerhassett, D. Colquhoun, M. Pryke, G. Tindall, A. Braillon, C. Richmond, J. Illman, J. May
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The β-band oscillation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies demonstrated that l-DOPA decreases the β-band (13–30 Hz) oscillations with improvement of motor symptoms. However, it has not been elucidated whether patients with Parkinson’s disease are able to control the β-band oscillation voluntarily. Here, we hypothesized that neurofeedback training to control the β-band power in the STN induces plastic changes in the STN of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. We recorded the signals from STN deep-brain stimulation electrodes during operations to replace implantable pulse generators in eight human patients (3 male) with bilateral electrodes. Four patients were induced to decrease the β-band power during the feedback training (down-training condition), whereas the other patients were induced to increase (up-training condition). All patients were blinded to their assigned condition. Adjacent contacts that showed the highest β-band power were selected for the feedback. During the 10 min training, patients were shown a circle whose diameter was controlled by the β-band power of the selected contacts. Powers in the β-band during 5 min resting sessions recorded before and after the feedback were compared. In the down-training condition, the β-band power of the selected contacts decreased significantly after feedback in all four patients (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, the β-band power significantly increased after feedback in two of four patients in the up-training condition. Overall, the patients could voluntarily control the β-band power in STN in the instructed direction (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) through neurofeedback.
High HDL2 levels lower postprandial lipids
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A new study linking regular, vigorous physical activity with possible high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol protection against heart disease won the Irvine H. Page Arteriosclerosis Research Prize for Young Investigators at the recent American Heart Association meeting in Dallas. Josef R. Patsch, MD, and colleagues at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston reported a positive relationship between augmented levels of HDL<sub>2</sub>, an HDL subfraction, and enhanced ability to break down and clear postprandial fat from the serum. The study involved 28 healthy volunteers, 23 men and five women. At the time the study began, three were essentially sedentary, 12 exercised moderately, and 13 exercised extensively. The volunteers, who ranged in age from 23 to 42 years, all had their HDL<sub>2</sub>levels measured. Then they were given "fatty milkshakes," 86% of the calories of which are derived from fat. All subjects had "milky" plasma after consuming the milkshake, but
Ammonium inhibits processing and cytotoxicity of reovirus, a nonenveloped virus.
Authors: E Maratos-Flier, M J Goodman, A H Murray, C R Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Successful viral infection involves a series of interactions between the virus and the host cell. The outcome of viral infection is, in fact, dependent on intact cellular function; it is required for viral binding, internalization, and uncoating. To determine the potential importance of lysosomal processing on the outcome of infection with a nonenveloped virus, we have studied the effects of NH4Cl on the course of reovirus infection on a beta-cell tumor in culture. Addition of 10 mM NH4C1 to the medium inhibited viral growth by greater than 80% and reduced toxic effects of the virus on cell viability, protein, and DNA synthesis by 30-45%. In addition, synthesis of viral proteins was markedly decreased. Uptake of virus prelabeled with [35S]methionine was not affected by the ammonium; however, cleavage of mu1C, an outer capsid protein of the virus whose cleavage appears to be required for viral replication, was delayed. These results suggest that intracellular processing of reovirus is dependent on a lysosomal pathway and that disruption of this pathway can alter the course of viral infection.
Isolation of E.C.H.O. Virus Type 9 During an Outbreak of Meningo-encephalitis
Authors: P. B. Stones
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The effect of P. falciparum infection is more pronounced in the present series than in previous groups collected in Southern Nigeria.The series showed an unusually high proportion of mothers with both blood and placental infections detect- able at the same time.It is postulated from the last two observations that the mothers in the present series were not succeeding in mastering their parasitaemia, and this is thought to strengthen earlier impressions that malarial immunity is not firmly established in the population of Northern Nigeria.I am indebted to those members of the Medical Department of the Northern Region who assisted in the investigation, and to Dr. R.
Development and Growth of New Allied Health Fields
Authors: Israel Light
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Those who constructed this particular panel are to be congratulated because its composition of three men holding respectively an EdD, PhD, and MD degree very directly corroborates the need for more cooperative working relationships among medical leaders and professional educators, to an order and magnitude far beyond that which exists today, if we wish more orderly and coordinated growth in the allied health occupations. I interpret the term "fields" liberally as referring to specialized fields of work recently created and in the process of becoming institutionalized, and to the current development of additional competency levels within well-established health occupations as well. The facts of critical manpower conditions in the health sector of our economy are well known. Therefore, rather than engage in the numbers game or prognosticate the nature and extent of health manpower 20 or 30 years hence, I wish to bring to your attention briefly some of the
ANTIVIVISECTION LEGISLATION: ITS HISTORY, AIMS AND MENACE
Authors: W. B. CANNON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The early triumphs of experimental biology, about the middle of the last century, led to its rapid development as a means of advancing knowledge of physiology, bacteriology, pathology and, later, of other medical sciences. Accounts and rumors of experiments on animals soon aroused fears that many cruel and needless operations were being performed. In Great Britain popular clamor, stirred by the energy of a group of doctrinaires, culminated in the appointment, in 1875, of a royal commission to investigate and report the conditions under which animal experimentation was being conducted. So little had the sciences of pathology and bacteriology profited at that time by use of the new method that physiology almost alone was on trial at the hearings. In spite of this limitation of evidence the strong testimony forced the commission to conclude that abolition of animal experimentation, conducted to mitigate human suffering and prolong human life, would be
Wake-up Call Aimed at Drowsy Drivers: Message Is 'Drive Alert, Arrive Alive'
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

DURING THE Persian Gulf War in 1991, 6 US Bradley infantry fighting vehicles encountered 6 Iraqi armored personnel carriers at 2 AM on a rainy night. A firefight erupted. All 6 of the Iraqi vehicles were destroyed by the Americans. So were 2 of the Bradleys. This friendly fire incident is an extreme example of the way sleepiness may undermine driving performance, said Gregory Belenky, MD, a colonel in the US Army Medical Corps and director of the Division of Neuropsychiatry at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, Md. He spoke at a "Drive Alert, Arrive Alive" symposium sponsored by the Washington, DC-based National Sleep Foundation (NSF). The 2 Bradleys that were destroyed, Belenky said, were on the left flank of the Bradley platoon. They were maneuvering in and around the burning Iraqi vehicles. They were destroyed by the 2 Bradleys on the right flank of the platoon, whose
Horseradish Horrors: Sushi Syncope
Authors: Daniel E. Spitzer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Chinese restaurant syndrome is well described in the medical literature; most symptoms pertaining to this disorder are, however, more of a "headache" than a true threat to life or well-being. In contrast, I would like to report a case of near-catastrophe related to an uninitiated diner eating in a Japanese restaurant. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 63-year-old previously healthy man decided to dine with his wife and friends at a Japanese restaurant; he had never before partaken of sushi served with a mound of wasabi—a mixture of horseradish. The first morsel of sushi swallowed was therefore not the expected raw fish, but rather consisted of the entire mound of wasabi. The effects were as immediate as they were devastating: he became pale, diaphoretic, and confused; he staggered from the restaurant and collapsed on the sidewalk. Though the night was cool, he rapidly diaphoresed a large quantity of
Hypothyroidism, Hypercholesterolemia, and Hypertension
Authors: Sheldon S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although it is well known that hypothyroid patients frequently have hypercholesterolemia, we have seen several hypothyroid patients inappropriately treated with antilipidemic drugs and dietary restrictions. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism was not considered before instituting treatment for hypercholesterolemia. It is less well known that hypertension may also be associated with hypothyroidism.<sup>1</sup>We recently encountered a patient who was being followed up by his family physician because of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension who was subsequently found to have primary hypothyroidism. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 43-year-old man was referred for evaluation of possible hypothyroidism. The patient was considering marriage but was apprehensive because of his poor health. He had been treated in the past with dextrothyroxine sodium for hypercholesterolemia. His therapy was subsequently switched to clofibrate. More recently hypertension was discovered, and some thought was given to instituting antihypertensive medication as well. On examination the patient was 175.2 cm