tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"Clusters" of primary care trusts will oversee transition to new NHS
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2010)

England’s 151 primary care trusts are to be reorganised into fewer, larger “clusters” by next June to help the transition to the restructured NHS outlined in the white paper Equity and excellence: liberating the NHS .

In its operating framework for 2011-12, released on 15 December, the Department of Health says there will be a “managed consolidation” of primary care trusts across all NHS regions before their abolition and replacement by general practice consortiums in 2013.

However, in a letter to the Times , David Martin, a doctor from Newark, points out that “almost buried in the detail” of the framework is a “safety valve clause” that says the clusters “may continue to function beyond …
Gall bladder contraction induced by cholecystokinin: bolus injection or infusion?
Authors: W P Hopman, J B Jansen, G Rosenbusch, C B Lamers
Journal: BMJ (1986)

La perfusion de cholecystokinine etalee sur 60 mn est une meilleure stimulation de la contraction vesiculaire que l'injection en 1 mn de la meme dose
Neuronal cell cultures as toxicologic test systems.
Authors: P G Nelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Neuronal cell cultures now represent well-characterized systems with which acute and chronic toxicologic effects of a variety of agents can be evaluated. Extensive synapse formation occurs over a period of days and weeks in these cell cultures and can be assayed semiquantitatively by morphological and electrophysiological means. Detailed morphophysiologic correlations can be made using a technique for injecting an intracellular marker protein, horseradish peroxidase. A variety of neurochemical indices of development, such as transmitter-related enzyme levels, can also be conveniently determined. The developing neuron and its synaptic connections are important objects of investigation since they may be particularly vulnerable to pathogenic materials. Examples of the effects of acute (opiate) and chronic (inhibitory aminoacid) treatments on synaptic function are given.
Edouard Seguin and the Social Power of Thermometry
Authors: Daniel M. Musher, Edward A. Dominguez, Ariel Bar-Sela
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Few physicians today would question the usefulness of the thermometer in the practice of medicine. It was adopted into widespread use within a relatively short period in the mid-19th century, partly because of the work of such prominent persons as Traube and Charcot in Europe, Ringer and Aitken in England, and Flint and DaCosta in the United States (unpublished data). The man most intent on popularizing thermometry in America was an immigrant French psychiatrist and educator named Edouard Seguin (1812–1880). His contribution was notable not only because he promoted the use of the thermometer by the medical profession, but because . . .
Surveillance of Adverse Psychiatric Medication Events
Authors: Mark Olfson
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL CUT-OFF VALUE IN ON-CLOPIDOGREL PLATELET AGGREGATION BY VERIFYNOW P2Y12 SYSTEM BASED ON FUNCTIONAL CYP2C19 GENE VARIANTS
Authors: Takamichi Ono, Koichi Kaikita, Seiji Hokimoto, Koichiro Yamamoto, Yuji Miyazaki, Kenji Sakamoto, Kenichi Tsujita, Satomi Iwashita, Hitoshi Sumida, Seigo Sugiyama, Hiroshige Yamabe, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Territorial Rights to Moral Values
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Politics were not imputed to King Solomon when he enjoined the sluggard to go to the ant, consider its ways, and be wise. He was seen merely as pointing to a paradigm of the work ethic. Nor was Maeterlinck implicated in politics when he wrote hisLife of the AntandLife of the Bee. Whatever political analogies might have been drawn from his description of over-organized, regimented insect societies, he was seen as a poet and mystic overawed by the guiding spirits of the hive and the anthill. Yet when the sociobiologist E. O. Wilson (Insect SocietiesandSociobiology) surveys the evolution of social customs of insect and other animal societies, he is instantly accused of political bias.1  Why was Wilson singled out for such accusation? The reason must be sought in the extreme sensitivity of some ardent advocates of social reform to any theory that enlarges the
Functional Epstein-Barr virus reservoir in plasma cells derived from infected peripheral blood memory B cells
Authors: Yassine Al Tabaa, Edouard Tuaillon, Karine Bollore, Vincent Foulongne, Gael Petitjean, Jean-Marie Seigneurin, Christophe Duperray, Claude Desgranges, Jean-Pierre Vendrell
Journal: Blood (2008)
Peptic ulcer disease precipitating duodenal intussusception
Authors: F. Donnellan, F. Zeb, G. Courtney, A. Aftab
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 71-year-old male presented with a 6 week history of vomiting and a 10 kg weight loss. He was taking aspirin. Gastroscopy demonstrated a small pyloric channel Helicobacter pylori-negative ulcer. Duodenal intubation was obstructed by prolapse of the proximal duodenum into the gastric antrum ([Fig. 1]). The gastroscope was maneuvered beyond the prolapse over an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography catheter (Tandem XL; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) preloaded with a 0.035 inch guide wire (Jagwire; Boston Scientific) reducing the intussusception. A 10 Fr nasobiliary tube (ENBD; Cook Medical Inc., Bloomington, Indiana, USA) was placed into the jejunum to facilitate nutrition and maintain the reduced intussusception ([Fig. 2]).
Hemoglobin S levels in sickle cell trait individuals
Authors: Bruce F. Cameron, Diane B. Smith, Barbara Cody
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Changes in Department of Defense regulations now permit persons with sickle cell trait to serve in all service branches. However, for purposes of the regulation, sickle cell trait is defined as 41% or less S hemoglobin. Our screening experience, based on 397 individuals with sickle cell trait, with quantitative scan of cellulose acetate electrophoretic sheets, indicates that 20–40% (depending on definition of terms) of individuals with sickle cell trait would be excluded by this criterion.
Surgical Laryngeal Closure to Eliminate Chronic Aspiration
Authors: William W. Montgomery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

WHEN the function of the laryngeal sphincter is lost, anything swallowed, including saliva, is directed through the incompetent larynx and into the trachea. The cough mechanism is impaired, and vocal function is nil or absent. Frequent bouts of aspiration pneumonia add to the patient's misery. Such patients require continuous hospitalization and nursing care, for a cuffed tracheotomy tube is necessary to control aspiration of saliva, and a nasogastric or gastrostomy feeding tube is needed to maintain nutrition. A patient suffering from chronic aspiration will gladly sacrifice any remaining vocal function in exchange for restoration of breathing and eating without impediment. . . .
P86 The Screening and Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes in the United Kingdom
Authors: KL Wickens-Mitchell, FJ Gilchrist, W Lenney
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) affects 17% of CF patients in the UK and is increasing in prevalence. It has a major detrimental impact on pulmonary function, nutritional status and survival; these effects are frequently seen prior to diagnosis. The UK CF Trust guidelines regarding CFRD screening, diagnosis and management differ from those used in Europe and the USA. We conducted a study to establish current UK clinical practise. <h3>Methods</h3> A questionnaire was emailed to consultants at each of the 48 UK CF specialist centres. Data were gathered on the screening and diagnosis of CFRD as well as the personnel involved. <h3>Results</h3> Completed questionnaires were returned by 39/48 centres (81%). Only 3/21 (14%) paediatric centres begin screening at 12 years (as per the UK CF Trust guidelines), with the majority; 11/21 (52%) starting to screen children at 10 years (as per the European and USA guidelines). Five centres start screening at a child’s first annual review. The most common test used to screen patients for CFRD is the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) which is used in 33/39 (85%) centres. However, this tool is only used in isolation by 3/33 (9%) centres. More commonly, results of the OGTT are combined with random blood glucose tests and/or HbA1C measurement. The test most frequently used to diagnose CFRD is home blood glucose monitoring which is undertaken in 32/39 centres (82%). Again this is rarely used in isolation, more commonly combined with HbA1C and/or with the results of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). CGMS is undertaken for diagnosis in 23/39 centres (59%). The decision to initiate insulin therapy was most often shared between a CF consultant and diabetologist. However, in 4/14 (36%) centres a diabetic nurse specialist had sole responsibility. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In UK clinical practise the screening and diagnosis of CFRD is not uniform. Various methods are used and there is poor adherence to UK CF Trust guidelines. However, these guidelines from 2004 are somewhat out-dated and need to be updated to reflect the current best available evidence. This is likely to decrease the variation in practise.
A NEW SPHYGMOMANOMETER
Authors: J. L. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A new mercurial sphygmomanometer in which several important and well established objections to this type of blood pressure instrument have been overcome has been developed recently. Its novel design reduces the possibility of accidental breakage of the glass tube practically to the vanishing point, while in the exceptional event of the tube breaking, a new one may quickly be inserted without the use of any tools and without sacrifice of accuracy in the readings of the instrument. Hence it is not necessary for the manometer to be returned to the manufacturer on account of glass breakage, with a resultant loss of its service for several weeks or longer. Furthermore, since the straight manometer tube can be easily removed, it is possible to clean it thoroughly whenever desired. The graduated leg of the manometer consists of a straight piece of specially selected glass tubing having its ends ground smooth and true to fit the steel sockets in which it is mounted.
CT colonography and colorectal screening
Authors: A S Chaoui
Journal: Gut (2002)

In the July 2000 issue of Gut , Dr Pescatore and colleagues published their experience with virtual colonoscopy and concluded that “VC does not appear to be suitable for colorectal cancer or polyp screening”.1 We commend the authors for pursuing this important topic, particularly as we anticipate virtual colonoscopy to be applied in a clinical setting. It is particularly important since their work seems to demonstrate the limitations of their technique.

(1) Bias in patient selection : most of the patients included in the study (43 out of 50) are not screening subjects but selected patients with a positive history of previous polyp/tumour, anemia, positive fecal blood test, pain, etc.

(2) Insufficient technique : patients were scanned only in supine position. Better results are achieved2– …
Cardiac sodium–calcium exchanger: a double-edged sword
Authors: S Conway
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Schafer et al. [31] (pages 241–250) in this issue. 

Development of heart failure is associated with an impairment of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling. During the past decade, pharmacological management of heart failure has mainly focused on therapies that are aimed at improving haemodynamics and modulating neurohormonal pathways. However, despite optimal inhibition of these systems with drugs such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, digoxin and, most recently, spironolactone, the mortality rate remains unacceptably high [1]. Recently, the failing cardiomyocyte within the heart itself has become the target for potential therapies — particularly via the regulation of Ca2+ transport. The slower rate of decay of Ca2+ transients within the failing heart, due to the reduced Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), ultimately results in a Ca2+ overload that leads to mechanical and electrical dysfunction of the cardiomyocytes.

Pathological conditions such as coronary artery disease and an inefficient supply of blood to the heart muscle can cause cardiac ischemia/hypoxia or reoxygenation injury, which results in a Ca2+ overload and acute lethal cardiomyocyte cell injury. Intracellular changes in Na+ levels, pH and rigor shortening of the cardiomyocyte following brief exposure to ischemia/hypoxia [2–4], has been shown to be mediated by an increase in the Na+/H+ exchanger function [4]. This leads to a rapid increase in intracellular Na+ that upsets the sarcolemmal Na+ gradient, which in turn results in Ca2+ overload [5] and swamping of the SR. In order to compensate, it has been proposed that Na+/Ca2+ exchange is upregulated to assist the SR in maintaining Ca2+ homoeostasis [6]. However, following long periods of ischemia/hypoxia, reoxygenation of the cardiomyocyte (in which the cell tries to recover and re-establish the Na+ … 

*Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-706-721-8775; fax: +1-706-721-8732 sconway{at}mail.mcg.edu
PML4 facilitates erythroid differentiation by enhancing the transcriptional activity of GATA-1
Authors: Jie Wu, Li-Quan Zhou, Wei Yu, Zhi-Guo Zhao, Xue-Min Xie, Wen-Tian Wang, Jian Xiong, Man Li, Zheng Xue, Xing Wang, Peng Zhang, Bei-Bei Mao, De-Long Hao, Xiang Lv, De-Pei Liu
Journal: Blood (2013)
Letter: Supervision of repeat prescribing.
Authors: D L Crombie, C M Green, A J Pearce, A Benn, A Dewsbury
Journal: BMJ (1976)

results in our area than nystatin used in the standard fashion over a 14-day period (93% success rate with chlotrimazole, 840' success rate with nystatin).'Carrying this principle even further, we have recently shortened the course of clotrimazole to three days only (two pessaries nightly for three nights).This time our success rate was 89%.Throughout these investigations our trial criteria were identical and diagnoses and assessment were based on cultural as well as clinical grounds.Although such short-term results are clinic- ally acceptable, relapse and/or reinfection remain a constant problem so there is no room for complacency.Much more has to be done before we can regard the problem of candidosis as solved and under control.
Role of phosphodiesterases in the regulation of endothelial permeability in vitro.
Authors: N Suttorp, U Weber, T Welsch, C Schudt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Neutrophil-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury and pulmonary edema. H2O2 time- and dose-dependently increased the hydraulic conductivity and decreased the selectivity of an endothelial cell monolayer derived from porcine pulmonary arteries. Effects of H2O2 on endothelial permeability were completely inhibited by adenylate cyclase activation with 10(-12) M cholera toxin or 0.1 microM forskolin. 10(-8) M Sp-cAMPS, a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A agonist, was similarly effective. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors motapizone (10(-4) M), rolipram (10(-6) M), and zardaverine (10(-8) M), which specifically inhibit PDE-isoenzymes III, IV, and III/IV potently blocked H2O2-induced endothelial permeability when combined with 10(-6) M prostaglandin E1. Overall cellular cAMP content and inhibition of H2O2 effects on endothelial permeability were poorly correlated. H2O2 exposure resulted in a rapid and substantial decrease in endothelial cAMP content. The analysis of the PDE isoenzyme spectrum showed high activities of isoenzymes II, III, and IV in porcine pulmonary endothelial cells. The data suggest that adenylate cyclase activation/PDE inhibition is a powerful approach to block H2O2-induced increase in endothelial permeability. This concept appears especially valuable when endothelial PDE isoenzyme pattern and PDE inhibitor profile are matched optimally.
Evidence for a Novel Gene Associated With Low Tumor Metastatic Potential
Authors: P. S. Steeg, G. Bevilacqua, L. Kopper, U. P. Thorgeirsson, J. E. Talmadge, L. A. Liotta, M. E. Sobel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

We describe a gene, NM23, that is associated with the tumor metastatic process. NM23 RNA levels were highest in cells and tumors of relatively low metastatic potential in two experimental systems: (1) murine K-1735 melanoma cell lines, in which the gene was identifiede, and (2) N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced rat mammary earcinomas. NM23 RNA levels did not correlate with cell sensitivity to host immunological responses and may, therefore, be associated with intrinsle aggressiveness. The predicted carboxy-terminal protein seaquence encoded by the pNM23 cDNA clone is nove compared with Genebank animal, bacterial, and viral sequences.[J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:200–204]
Abnormal Neurologic Maturation in Adolescents With Early-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Barbara Illowsky Karp, Marjorie Garvey, Leslie K. Jacobsen, Jean A. Frazier, Susan D. Hamburger, Jeffrey S. Bedwell, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

This study evaluated neurologic functioning in adolescents with schizophrenia with onset of psychosis before age 13.The authors administered a structured neurologic examination to 21 adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia and 27 healthy age- and sex-matched comparison subjects.The adolescents with schizophrenia had a high frequency of neurologic abnormalities. Neurologic signs decreased with age in the healthy comparison subjects but not in the subjects with schizophrenia.The adolescents with schizophrenia had a high burden of neurologic impairment and a pattern of abnormalities similar to that of adults with schizophrenia. The persistence of neurologic signs in the adolescents with schizophrenia, which faded with age in the healthy comparison adolescents, supports earlier evidence of a delay in or failure of normal brain development during adolescence.
Recurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Catherine Kim, Diana K. Berger, Shadi Chamany
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The purpose of this study was to examine rates and factors associated with recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among women with a history of GDM.We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between January 1965 and November 2006, in which recurrence rates of GDM among women with a history of GDM were reported. Factors abstracted included recurrence rates, time elapsed between pregnancies, race/ethnicity, diagnostic criteria, and, when available, maternal age, parity, weight or BMI at the initial and subsequent pregnancy, weight gain at the initial or subsequent pregnancy and between pregnancies, insulin use, gestational age at diagnosis, glucose tolerance test levels, baby birth weight and presence of macrosomia, and breast-feeding.Of 45 articles identified, 13 studies were eligible for inclusion. After the index pregnancy, recurrence rates varied between 30 and 84%. Lower rates were found in non-Hispanic white (NHW) populations (30-37%), and higher rates were found in minority populations (52-69%). Exceptions to observed racial/ethnic variations in recurrence were found in cohorts that were composed of a significant proportion of both NHW and minority women or that included women who had subsequent pregnancies within 1 year. No other risk factors were consistently associated with recurrence of GDM across studies. The rates of future preexisting diabetes in pregnancy, socioeconomic status, postpartum diabetes screening rates after the index pregnancy, and the average length of time between pregnancies were generally not reported.Recurrence of GDM was common and may vary most significantly by NHW versus minority race/ethnicity.
Extra vertebrae in Ingres' La Grande Odalisque
Authors: J.-Y. Maigne, G. Chatellier, H. Norloff
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

La Grande Odalisque, a painting by Jean-Auguste Ingres (1780-1867), was throughout the 19th century notorious for its anatomical inaccuracy; in particular, the woman was said to have three lumbar vertebrae too many.This view was accepted by all art critics, but never tested and proven.We measured the length of the back and of the pelvis in human models, expressed the mean values in terms of head height, and transferred them to the painting.The deformation was found to be greater than originally assumed (five, rather than three, extra lumbar vertebrae), and to involve both the back and the pelvis.Ingres' paintings skilfully combine realism and symbolism.We suggest that the deformation may have been introduced for psychological reasons.By placing the harem woman's head further away from her pelvis the artist may have been marking the gulf between her thoughts (expressed by her aloof, resigned look) and her social role (symbolized by her deliberately lengthened pelvis).