tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Localization of the oxidative defect in phytanic acid degradation in patients with refsum's disease
Authors: Charles E. Mize, James H. Herndon, John P. Blass, G. W. A. Milne, Charlotte Follansbee, Philippe Laudat, Daniel Steinberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The rate of oxidation of phytanic acid-U-(14)C to (14)CO(2) in three patients with Refsum's disease was less than 5% of that found in normal volunteers. In contrast, the rate of oxidation of alpha-hydroxyphytanic acid-U-(14)C and of pristanic acid-U-(14)C to (14)CO(2), studied in two patients, while somewhat less than that in normal controls, was not grossly impaired. These studies support the conclusion that the defect in phytanic acid oxidation in Refsum's disease is located in the first step of phytanic acid degradation, that is, in the alpha oxidation step leading to formation of alpha-hydroxyphytanic acid. The initial rate of disappearance of plasma free fatty acid radioactivity after intravenous injection of phytanic acid-U-(14)C (t(1/2) = 5.9 min) was slower than that seen with pristanic acid-U-(14)C (t(1/2) = 2.7 min) or palmitic acid-1-(14)C (t(1/2) = 2.5 min). There were no differences between patients and normal controls in these initial rates of free fatty acid disappearance for any of the three substrates tested. There was no detectable lipid radioactivity found in the plasma 7 days after the injection of palmitic acid-1-(14)C or pristanic acid-U-(14)C in either patients or controls. After injection of phytanic acid-U-(14)C, however, the two patients showed only a very slow decline in plasma lipid radioactivity (estimated t(1/2) = 35 days), in contrast to the normals who had no detectable radioactivity after 2 days. Incorporation of radioactivity from phytanic acid-U-(14)C into the major lipid ester classes of plasma was studied in one of the patients; triglycerides accounted for by far the largest fraction of the total present between 1 and 4 hr.
The Doctor's Guide to Medication During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Ralph C. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This soft-cover book for mothers-to-be or those who breast-feed their infants contains basic information on more than 300 common drugs or pharmaceuticals that can affect the fetus or the nursing infant. The drugs include basic standbys, over-the-counter remedies, hormones, and even some street drugs together with their effects on the unborn, newborn, or nursing offspring. A good index and a glossary, useful to the lay person, are included. The book is well organized and easy to read. While the opinions are those of the authors (understandably, no references or test data are included), the assessments and recommendations should be acceptable to the great majority of physicians. The coverage would not be adequate for the specialist, but the book could serve as a quick source for answers to patients' questions. The book might even be made available to patients in an office or clinic lending library. The book should aid in
Adenylyl Cyclase 6 Deletion Reduces Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, Dilation, Dysfunction, and Fibrosis in Pressure-Overloaded Female Mice
Authors: Tong Tang, N. Chin Lai, H. Kirk Hammond, David M. Roth, Yuan Yang, Tracy Guo, Mei Hua Gao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Can adverse drug reactions be detected earlier? A comparison of reports by patients and professionals
Authors: T. C G Egberts, M. Smulders, F. H P de Koning, R. H B Meyboom, H. G M Leufkens
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The occurrence of previously unknown adverse reactions after the marketing of a new drug is inevitable given the limitations of preregistration clinical trials. Nevertheless, their impact on public health should be minimised by ensuring that reactions are detected as early as possible. The reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions by health care professionals to monitoring agencies1 and to medical journals2 has been important in alerting doctors to drug safety problems, but Mitchell et al suggested that the time lag to the first reports of adverse reactions might be shortened if patients themselves reported adverse events.3 For a newly introduced antidepressant we compared the time to reporting of adverse drug reactions by patients and by health care professionals.

A telephone medicines information service was started in 1990 by the Dutch Ministry of Health and …
Gastric emptying and secretion in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Authors: A Dubois, P V Eerdewegh, J D Gardner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Gastric emptying and secretion, as well as intragastric volume and composition, were determined simultaneously in three patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and in seven normal subjects. Gastric hypersecretion was observed in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and in normal subjects receiving pentagastrin. In contrast, the fraction of gastric contents emptied per minute (fractional rate of emptying) was increased in Zollinger-Ellison patients and unchanged or decreased in normal subjects receiving pentagastrin. The increased fractional rate of gastric emptying in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome persisted despite abolition of gastric hypersecretion by metiamide. Thus, the increased fractional gastric emptying seen in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is not attributable to hypergastrinemia, or to gastric hypersecretion per se. Instead, it appears to be caused by an undefined nervous or humoral factor.
Good teachers: substainable models
Authors: K. Walsh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Dr Azer (February 2005, JRSM1) lists the qualities of a good teacher but is less persuasive on how these can be developed and sustained. In the UK, for example, teaching is just one of seven duties of a doctor. Other duties are to provide good clinical care, maintain good working relationships with patients and colleagues and maintain high standards of probity.2 What if one duty conflicts with another—for example, what if you are called to a patient or to a team meeting in the middle of a tutorial? There are no right or wrong answers but there is much to be said for involving patients in the education of medical students. This can reduce the workload for ourselves. In one study, students who had been taught pelvic examination by specially trained laywomen showed better skills than students taught in the conventional way.3 Similarly, patients trained in arthritis education can teach musculoskeletal examination skills.4 Perhaps more importantly, such patient-educators can encourage medical students to realize the impact of chronic arthritis on daily life.4 Colleagues from other disciplines can also be recruited, to increase the resources and support available, though time is needed to surmount the traditional barriers and provide an integrated programme.5
CCL25 mediates the localization of recently activated CD8αβ+ lymphocytes to the small-intestinal mucosa
Authors: Marcus Svensson, Jan Marsal, Anna Ericsson, Laura Carramolino, Therese Brodén, Gabriel Márquez, William W. Agace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The recruitment of antigen-specific T lymphocytes to the intestinal mucosa is central to the development of an effective mucosal immune response, yet the mechanism by which this process occurs remains to be fully defined. Here we show that the CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) is selectively and functionally expressed on murine αEβ7+ naive CD8αβ+ lymphocytes and a subset of recently activated CD69+ CD8αβ+ lymphocytes. Using a T cell receptor transgenic transfer model, we demonstrate that CCR9 expression is functionally maintained on CD8αβ+ lymphocytes following activation in mesenteric lymph nodes but rapidly downregulated on CD8αβ+ lymphocytes activated in peripheral lymph nodes. These recently activated CCR9+ CD8αβ+ lymphocytes selectively localized to the small-intestinal mucosa, and in vivo neutralization of the CCR9 ligand, CCL25, reduced the ability of these cells to populate the small-intestinal epithelium. Together these results demonstrate an important role for chemokines in the localization of T lymphocytes to the small-intestinal mucosa and suggest that targeting CCL25 and/or CCR9 may provide a means to selectively modulate small-intestinal immune responses.
Middle-term Results of Percutaneous Closure of Congenital Ventricular Septal Defect Using Different Devices
Authors: Ahmet Çelebi, İlker Kemal Yücel, Abdullah Erdem, Reyhan Dedeoğlu, Mustafa Orhan Bulut, Ayhan Çevik, Nurdan Erol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Shortening Medical Education
Authors: Brian C. Drolet, Candace L. White
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Microcytosis Caused by RBC Fragmentation
Authors: David Bessman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ABNORMALLY low RBC size, expressed as low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), most often is due to iron deficiency or one of the thalassemia syndromes. More rarely, low MCV is associated with pyridoxinesensitive anemia, sideroblastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease,<sup>1</sup>and hemoglobinopathies such as CC.<sup>2</sup>Generally in the latter group microcytosis, if present, is not great. We report a case of a patient with severe burns, considerably low MCV, and none of these diseases. Histograms of RBC size distribution (erythrograms) showed that severe RBC fragmentation caused this patient's low MCV. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 2-year-old boy was admitted to the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Burn Center for a 70% total body third-degree scald burn. Despite appropriate intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and topical care, shock became intractable and he died 36 hours later. At admission the hemoglobin level was 14.1 g/dl; hematocrit value, 40.2%; MCV, 63 cuμ; and
Volunteer stroke scheme for dysphasic patients with stroke.
Authors: V E Griffith, C L Miller
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The needs of the dysphasic patient with a stroke, in whom the effect of physical damage is so often intensified by loss of morale, are well recognised. Both the numbers who survive and the long periods for which support is needed create a problem that is unlikely to be relieved without help from the community. A pilot scheme using untrained volunteers working within a responsible organisation and co-operating with professionals was sponsored by the Chest and Heart Association* in 1973. The results of the first 16 months' work with 31 patients were re ported in 1975.1 Since then the scheme has spread to 33 areas throughout Britain and by April 1980 had included 1013 patients and over 2000 volunteers. This report refers to 552 patients in the first five years of the scheme.
Effects of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on the Phagocytic and Bactericidal Capacities of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: EDWARD L. KAPLAN, ALDO R. CASTANEDA, ELIA M. AYOUB, PAUL G. QUIE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Studies on phagocytosis, intracellular digestion, and bactericidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring a pump oxygenator reveal no significant abnormalities in these separate and distinct events. Furthermore, these cells reveal no differences from normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the morphological changes following phagocytosis. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from heparinized fresh blood used for transfusions also demonstrated normal function. It is doubtful if impaired function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from these patients contributes significantly to their apparently increased susceptibility to bacterial infection.
A piece of my mind. The right choice
Authors: T. Small
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Traitement des gros polypes et des polypes géants colorectaux dans la vraie vie
Authors: S Husson, G Ventre, F Vagne, JF Vies, M Musso, JL Colson, J Picot, JM Boyaval, D Sondag, F Khachoyan, I Gendre, P Perrin, B Denis
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Le champ de la résection endoscopique (RE) s'est étendu aux gros polypes (GP) colorectaux (≥20mm) et aux polypes géants (PGé) (≥30mm). Certaines séries font état de taux de succès proches de 100% (1,2). Elles sont de petite taille et/ou monocentriques. But: évaluer la prise en charge des GP et PGé en population.
Aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis: an attempt to transmit an infective agent from patients with rheumatoid arthritis to baboons.
Authors: J M MacKay, A K Sim, J N McCormick, B P Marmion, A P McCraw, J J Duthie, D L Gardner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Thirty baboons were injected intravenously and intra-articularly with material from the joints of 19 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis or with control material.Fifteen of the 30 animals received synovial fluid cells or synovial membrane cells from 3 patients with seronegative arthritis.Ten animals received pooled cells from a total of 16 cases of seropositive arthritis.Five animals were given nonrheumatoid cells.No signs of arthritis were recognised in the 27 surviving animals during 3 years of observation.No significant biochemical, haematological, or serological changes occurred during this period, and no gross or microscopic evidence of synovial or systemic disease was found post mortem.The theory that a bacterial or viral infection is aetiologically related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is tenaciously held despite many false leads and the absence of firm confirmatory evidence.'A variety of experimental approaches in different disciplines has produced candidate organisms ranging from bac- teria-in particular diphtheroids"3-to mycoplasmas4'6 and to viruses.7'-0There is no conclusive evidence linking diphtheroids or mycoplasmas to the dis- ease.'-4Similarly, a search for viruses by miscellaneous techniques has also been negative,5 though there is serological evidence of a relationship between Epstein-Barr virus infection and RA."Another way to demonstrate an infective aetiology for RA is to attempt to transmit the disease to experimental animals.Warren and his colleagues2-' 6 claim to have transmitted RA to mice, chickens and rats by the injection of human synovial membrane extracts, but other workers'7 have failed to reproduce these findings.Crocker et al.,"8 using complementdeficient mice, have found that the intraperitoneal
In vitro effects of a recombinant toxin targeted to the fibroblast growth factor receptor on rat vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
Authors: S Biro, C B Siegall, Y M Fu, E Speir, I Pastan, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

The dominant mechanism responsible for restenosis after angioplasty is believed to be the activation of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), leading to their proliferation, migration to the subintima, and further proliferation. To develop novel strategies that might inhibit or prevent restenosis, we previously used a chimeric toxin composed of transforming growth factor-alpha (which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor) and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin to preferentially recognize and kill rapidly proliferating, versus quiescent, vascular SMCs. We have recently cloned and expressed a recombinant gene encoding Pseudomonas exotoxin with a mutated (nonfunctional) cell recognition domain fused with the ligand acidic fibroblast growth factor, termed aFGF-PE66(4Glu)KDEL; thus, this recombinant toxin targets the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the relative effects of this chimeric toxin on quiescent versus rapidly proliferating vascular SMCs and also determined whether aFGF-PE66(4Glu)KDEL exerted different effects on SMCs versus endothelial cells. Rapidly proliferating SMCs (grown in 10% fetal bovine serum) were very sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of aFGF-PE66(4Glu)KDEL, whereas cytotoxicity was significantly less when the SMCs were in a quiescent state (grown in medium supplemented with 0.5% fetal bovine serum). The chimeric toxin was also significantly less cytotoxic against endothelial cells. Competition studies using excess acidic fibroblast growth factor indicated that the cytotoxic effects are specifically mediated by the fibroblast growth factor receptor. Thus, the present studies suggest a potentially expanded role of recombinant toxin therapy in restenosis: multiple receptors can be targeted, and cytotoxic effects, at least in vitro, can be preferentially directed to rapidly proliferating vascular SMCs, with relative sparing of vascular endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 2129A: Clinical implications of infrequent BRAF mutation in advanced stage low-grade ovarian serous carcinomas
Authors: Kwong-Kwok Wong, Yvonne TM Tsang, Michael T. Deavers, Samuel C. Mok, David M. Gershenson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Serous carcinoma is the most common histologic subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. Recent evidence strongly suggests that a 2-tier system stratifying serous carcinoma into low-grade and high-grade categories is biologically and clinically relevant. Low-grade ovarian serous carcinomas are believed to arise via an adenoma-borderline-carcinoma sequence. We analyzed 91 ovarian tumor samples for mutations in BRAF, KRAS, and TP53. No TP53 mutations were detected in serous borderline tumors (n = 30) or low-grade serous carcinomas (n = 43), but 73% of high-grade serous carcinomas (n = 18) carried a TP53 mutation. BRAF and KRAS mutations together were detected in 47% of serous borderline tumors, but among the low-grade serous carcinomas, only 2% had a BRAF mutation and 19% had a KRAS mutation. The low frequency of BRAF mutations in advanced stage low-grade serous carcinomas suggests that low-grade serous carcinomas are likely derived from serous borderline tumors without BRAF mutations. This hypothesis is further supported by the fact that 2 of the patients with serous borderline tumors without BRAF or KRAS mutations developed recurrent low-grade serous carcinoma 17 and 60 months after the initial diagnosis of a serous borderline tumor. Moreover, it is interesting that 4 of the 8 patients with either BRAF or KRAS mutations have had no evidence of disease after optimal debulking surgery and standard platinum-taxane-based chemotherapy, while patients without mutations are either diseased or alive with recurrent disease. Thus, mutational analysis of BRAF may have prognostic utility in that a finding of a BRAF mutation may suggest a low risk of recurrent low-grade serous carcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2129A.
Akt deficiency impairs normal cell proliferation and suppresses oncogenesis in a p53-independent and mTORC1-dependent manner
Authors: Jennifer E. Skeen, Prashanth T. Bhaskar, Chia-Chen Chen, William S. Chen, Xiao-ding Peng, Veronique Nogueira, Annett Hahn-Windgassen, Hiroaki Kiyokawa, Nissim Hay
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Biochemical assays of hemoglobin in normal human erythroid clones
Authors: Ronald D. Barr, Marijke Koekebakker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Quantitation of small amounts (2–3 μg) of hemoglobin (Hb) was achieved by each of three spectrophotometric techniques. An assay employing benzidine base consistently underestimated Hb at this level and gave a wide scatter of results at higher values. The cyanmethemoglobin method was at the limit of its sensitivity and suffers from the disadvantage of having high optical densities in the blank samples. By contrast, pyridine hemochromogen can be detected accurately with 200 ng of Hb (equivalent of 6,000 mature erythrocytes), and the regression line with this technique virtually passes through the origin. Furthermore, the extinction coefficient of pyridine hemochromogen in the Soret band is 13.5‐fold greater than that of cyanmethemoglobin. In normal human erythroid clones, generated in vitro from bone marrow cells, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) values were determined after various intervals of culture. The MCH after 5, 7, 10, and 14 days were 11.8, 15.8, 26.6, and 34.4 pg, respectively, by the pyridine hemochromogen method. Reaction product was also identified in granulocyte‐macrophage clones, presumably reflecting the content of other heme proteins such as catalase and cytochromes. Account must be taken of this non‐Hb material in computing true MCH values for erythroid cells.
Expressed Emotion and Clinical Outcome in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Jill M. Hooley, Perry D. Hoffman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal follow-up study examined the predictive validity of relatives' expressed emotion in a group of patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. METHOD: Thirty-five patients with DSM-III-R-diagnosed borderline personality disorder were followed up 1 year after they were discharged from a psychiatric hospital. Clinical outcome was assessed through interviews with patients and their family members. Expressed emotion in the patients' relatives, assessed at the time of the index admission, was then used to predict patients' subsequent clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Contrary to prediction, relatives' criticism and hostility did not predict how well patients did in the year after discharge. Neither did they predict rates of rehospitalization. Clinical outcome was strongly associated with family levels of emotional overinvolvement, however. Patients whose families scored higher on emotional overinvolvement had better clinical outcomes over the course of the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the association between expressed emotion and patient outcome may be different for patients with borderline personality disorder than it is for patients with schizophrenia or mood disorders.