tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin-gallate on brain tumor cell lines in vitro
Authors: Shunichi Yokoyama, Hirofumi Hirano, Naruhito Wakimaru, Krishna Pada Sarker, Jun-ichi Kuratsu
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2001)

We investigated the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), the main constituent of green tea polyphenols, on human glioblastoma cell lines U-373 MG and U-87 MG, rat glioma cell line C6, and rat nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cell line MtT/E. Cell viability was determined by assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and the extent of apoptosis was studied by flow cytometric analysis. Apoptosis was also characterized by morphology using fluorescent microscopy. The role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was studied by assay with MTT, immunohistochemistry, and immunoradiometric assay. After 72-h exposure, a statistically significant loss of viability (P = < 0.0001) was observed at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 microg/ml in U-373 MG cells and U-87 MG cells. EGCG at concentrations of 50 microg/ml and higher significantly reduced the viability of C6 cells. EGCG inhibited viability of MtT/E cells only at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. Quantitative study by flow cytometry demonstrated that lower doses of EGCG (12.5, 25, 50 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in U-373 MG, U-87 MG, and C6 cells; however, only the highest dose (100 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in MtT/E cells. Compared with other cell lines, MtT/E cells showed stronger IGF-I immunoreactivity. Neutralization of IGF-I with an antihuman IGF-I antibody reduced viability of the cell lines. It can be concluded that EGCG has an inhibitory effect on malignant brain tumors, and IGF-I may be involved in the effects of EGCG.
Managing hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: K. L Nash, I. Bentley, G. M Hirschfield
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Chronic infection with the RNA flavivirus hepatitis C is a major cause of liver disease.1 The Department of Health estimates that in the United Kingdom, chronic infection is present in 200 000 people—of whom 50% are unaware that they carry the virus—with variations in prevalence between different groups (0.04% in blood donors, 1% in people attending genitourinary clinics, and up to 50% in intravenous drug users). A general practitioner with an average list of 1800 can expect to have eight to 20 patients with hepatitis C infection. If such patients are identified and treated, the virus can be eradicated in more than half of them. We outline this area of hepatology, highlighting risk factors for acquisition, groups to screen, and specialist management of patients with chronic infection.

In the UK the main mode of acquisition is recreational intravenous drug use; in developing countries transfusion of blood products and exposure to unclean or unsterilised objects remains important —for example, during circumcision, scarification, and tattooing (box 1). Outcomes of infection are not uniform (fig 1⇓).2 Acute infection is usually unrecognised, and 60-85% of patients progress to chronic infection with persistent detection of hepatitis C virus RNA.



Fig 1 Natural history of hepatitis C …
A frame–shift deletion in the survival motor neuron gene in Spanish spinal muscular atrophy patients
Authors: Elena Bussaglia, Olivier Clermont, Eduardo Tizzano, Suzie Lefebvre, Lydie Bürglen, Corinne Cruaud, Jon Andoni Urtizberea, Jaume Colomer, Arnold Munnich, Montserrat Baiget, Judith Melki
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Echocardiographic patterns of ventricular contraction in the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.
Authors: H Hishida, I Sotobata, Y Koike, M Okumura, Y Mizuno
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Echocardiograms of 52 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome were investigated. Abnormal patterns of motion were observed in the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) and the interventricular septum (IVS). The abnormal LVPW motion was presumably specific for the syndrome and included early onset of the anterior motion which preceded the first heart sound (S1) and a premature peak formation of the anterior displacement which occurred before the second heart sound. The latter was usually followed by a second lower peak. These findings seem to suggest that both contraction and relaxation of LVPW begin earlier than normal due to ventricular pre-excitation initiated at or near the LVPW. The IVS abnormality characteristic of the syndrome was a posterior protrusion, the onset of which preceded S1. Subsequent motion of IVS was either paradoxical or hypokinetic during ejection. These IVS abnormalities were quite similar to those observed in left bundle branch block. The abnormal LVPW motion was observed in all 20 Type A patients and 10 of the 32 Type B patients. The abnormal IVS motion was observed in 10 Type B patients. We feel that echocardiography could be used as an auxiliary noninvasive means of locating the pre-excitation site in patients with WPW.
Prices of CD4 assays and viral load tests must be reduced for developing countries
Authors: C. Bartholomew
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—Wise has reported that GlaxoSmithKline is to cut the price of some drugs in developing countries.1 For over a decade antiretroviral treatment has been available to patients in the United States and Europe. Because of the extent of HIV infection in the developing world, however, the cost of these drugs was way beyond the reach of the government treasuries in the world's poorest countries. As a result there was the …
Use of an ultrathin gastroscope to locate a papilla hidden within a duodenal diverticulum
Authors: J. García-Cano
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 67-year-old-woman was referred because of failure to locate the papilla of Vater on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The patient had undergone cholecystectomy several years ago, and presently she had been diagnosed as having common bile duct stones that were causing colicky pain. A repeat ERCP revealed a duodenal diverticulum in the region where the papilla was expected to be ([Fig. 1]).
Brain Death Determination Practices in Children-Reply
Authors: Murray M. Pollack, Rodrigo E. Mejia
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In Reply.  —Dr Lynch seems to have missed the central point of our study. Rather than survey how physicians claim they practice, as she did, 1 we evaluated how physicians actually practiced in individual brain death cases. Ours was the first large prospective study of a diverse, randomly selected group of PICUs that evaluated actual clinical practices used in the determination of brain death of individual patients. We found that brain death criteria used in individual cases differed substantially within single PICUs as well as among units. We also found that some brain death determination practices were controversial. Brain death determination practices frequently were inconsistent with those recommended by the Task Force for the Determination of Brain Death in Children. 2   Lynch and Eldadah 1 surveyed a homogeneous group of PICUs, those with critical care fellowships. That report does not detail the qualifications of those responding to the questionnaire or
Prosthetic-Joint Infections
Authors: Werner Zimmerli, Andrej Trampuz, Peter E. Ochsner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Modern techniques have reduced the frequency of infections that are associated with prosthetic joints, but such infections continue to pose difficult problems in clinical management. Advances in understanding biofilms and the pathogenesis of microbial interactions with the implant have led to more rational approaches to therapy. This review offers guidance in establishing the diagnosis correctly and an algorithm summarizing the appropriate medical and surgical options.
Leukemia Chemotherapy and Centrilobular Hepatic Necrosis
Authors: JEFFREY S. WASSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 April 1977Leukemia Chemotherapy and Centrilobular Hepatic NecrosisJEFFREY S. WASSER, M.D., MORTON COLEMAN, M.D.JEFFREY S. WASSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MORTON COLEMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-4-508_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent issue (Ann Intern Med 85:578-582, 1976) Griner, Elbadawi, and Packman describe two patients who developed veno-occlusive disease of the liver after chemotherapy for acute leukemia. We wish to report the case of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia, on similar chemotherapy, whose course was complicated by hepatic dysfunction and peliosis, a centrilobular hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver, considered by Griner and associates to be an early manifestation of veno-occlusive disease.A 20-year-old white woman with acute myelogenous leukemia was treated with a COAP regimen (cyclophosphamide, Oncovin®, arabinosyl cytosine, and prednisone). A partial remission followed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Hematology New York Hospital New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byVascular Toxicity of Antineoplastic AgentsEarly Hepatic Nodular Hyperplasia and Submicroscopic Fibrosis Associated With 6-Thioguanine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseEarly Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver Occurring With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Association With Thioguanine TherapyBudd-Chiari Syndrome: PathologyPeliosis hepatis induced by 6-thioguanine administration.12 Drug-induced vascular and sinusoidal lesions of the liverDo estrogens cause venocclusive disease of the liver?Hepatic veno-occlusive diseaseVeno-occlusive liver disease after dacarbazine therapy (DTIC) for melanomaVenocclusive Disease of the Liver after Bone Marrow Transplantation: Diagnosis, Incidence, and Predisposing FactorsHepatic and pancreatic damage produced by cytotoxic drugsAn analysis of hepatic venocclusive disease and centrilobular hepatic degeneration following bone marrow transplantationHepatic veno-occlusive disease due to DTICHepatic failure in a patient treated with dacarbazine (DTIC) for malignant melanomaHepatic-Vein Thrombosis After Chemotherapy for HistiocytomaL. M. LEHRNER, PH.D., M.D., ROBERT E. ENCK, M.D. 1 April 1977Volume 86, Issue 4Page: 508-509KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaChemotherapyCyclophosphamideCytosineLiverLiver diseasesNecrosisPeliosis hepatis Issue Published: 1 April 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE POTENTIAL DANGERS ATTENDANT ON ETHYLENE-OXYGEN ANESTHESIA
Authors: ARNO B. LUCKHARDT
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the absence of precise data, it has been estimated that ethylene-oxygen anesthesia has been employed in some 50,000 operations. Up to the present, no contraindications to its use have been noted. It has been employed successfully and without deleterious effects not only as an anesthetic agent in all types of general surgery on otherwise healthy subjects,<sup>1</sup>but also in cachectic infants<sup>2</sup>as well as in the aged with marked pulmonary cardiac, vascular and renal pathologic conditions.<sup>3</sup>A favorable report on its use in gynecology and obstetrics is to be published,<sup>4</sup>and within the last month an article was published on its very satisfactory use in exodontia.<sup>5</sup>Its safety and superiority over nitrous oxid have recently been confirmed by several French investigators.<sup>6</sup>Recently, data were published which prove conclusively that ethylene oxygen anesthesia does not influence "the blood reaction so markedly or so rapidly
THE HISTORY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF ARSENIC IN THE TREATMENT OF PROTOZOAN DISEASES
Authors: B. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1916)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~albumin was present just before the injection.In this case transient albunminuria occurred after eaclh injection.Herxheimer'8 reaction occurred in 2.3 per cent.These were all early and previously untreated cases of secondary syphilis, and in most of them the primary sore was still active.-The raslh became more prominent-a few hours after the first injection, and subsided ag-Ain almost as quicklyas it arose.Herpes labialis occurred in one case.This was an early and previously untreated secondary case, with an active primary sore.As was to be eupected, the immediate reaction was severe.The temperature rose to 103.50, and was accompanied by a rigor, hleadache, and diarrhoea.He felt quite fit next morning, and tlle herpes did not appear until forty-eight hours later.Herpes does not occur apart from pyrexia.In the days when impure saline was used its occurrence was far more freauent.Thrombosis of the vein at the site of injection occurred in 0.5 per cent.In two out of the three cases the needle had frequently to be readjusted, as the fluid flowed in very slowly and at times stopped altogether.It is a question whether this slow rate of flow, in conjunction with the local injurv to the vessel wall due to the needle, caused the thrombosis, or wlhetlher the thrombosis was due to the irritation of the fluid injected.The former seems the more probable, as one would expect to get a higlher percentage of these cases if the latter was the explanation.Thle amount of sodium hydroxide used in each case was the normal.Dermatitis occurred in one case only.The rash was of a very mild character; it was limited.to the limbs, and required no treatment.It started forty-eight hours after the second injection, and cleared up within a fortnight.It recurred after a third dose-tlhis time a half dose (0.3 gram)-and subsided as before.A reaction due probably to an abnormal arsenical toxicity in a particular battch occurred in 0.5 per cent.This reaction, which came on towards the end of, or a few miinutes after, an intravenous injection, consisted in sliglht oedema of the lips and eyelids, a, sense of fullness in tlle
Criteria influencing the clinical uptake of pharmacogenomic strategies
Authors: Jai Shah
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Pharmacogenomics and related genomic technologies may hold the potential to improve efficacy and safety in prescription, but complex factors affect their clinical success 

After bold claims and much anticipation, the impact of new genomic information and technologies is emerging and evolving in a complex fashion. This is certainly true of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, the study of the effect of genetic or genomic variation on drug response, which is purported to improve the safety and efficacy of prescription. The first products and services have reached the market in recent years, but their highly touted potential has not yet resulted in widespread clinical uptake, for a variety of reasons. This review explores some of the complex factors affecting the clinical success of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic drugs and drug related tests. A series of criteria to inform clinicians, policy makers, and the public has already been established for predictive genetic tests1 2; given the importance of genetic testing for pharmacogenomics, the clinical uptake of pharmacogenomic drugs and strategies reflects similar factors.

The observations made in this paper draw on a broad literature review conducted during a research internship with the Nuffield Council on Bioethics' Working Party on Pharmacogenetics (my conclusions do not necessarily reflect the views of the council or its working party). I mined the Council's library, citations from key papers, and meetings of the working party. More recently, I searched Medline-PubMed and articles from the Wellcome Trust and the UK Human Genetics Commission, using the terms “pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics,” and variations of “economics,” “regulation,” “licensing,” and “ethics.”

Uncertainties in how genomic technologies will affect and be affected by the discovery, development, licensing, and postmarketing factors of drugs mean that the success of “candidates” is far from certain.3–6 Assessments of economic, regulatory, ethical, legal, and social considerations …
New approaches to the prevention of childhood atopic dermatitis
Authors: C. Flohr, J. Mann
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract There has been a steep rise in the burden of atopic dermatitis ( AD ), and up to 20% of children in developed countries now suffer of the disease. At present, treatment at best achieves symptom control rather than cure, and there is a strong need to identify new methods of disease prevention. While earlier approaches focused on allergen avoidance strategies, there has been a clear shift towards attempts to induce tolerance and enhancement of skin barrier function, as skin barrier breakdown plays an important role in AD development. This article reviews the latest developments in the prevention of AD .
Textbook of Preventive Medicine
Authors: Hugh Rodman Leavell, E. Gurney Clark
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Organic Bioelectronics: Biomimetic Interfaces Reveal Activation Dynamics of C‐Reactive Protein in Local Microenvironments (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2014)
Authors: Tatsuro Goda, Peter Kjall, Kazuhiko Ishihara, Agneta Richter‐Dahlfors, Yuji Miyahara
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Alternation in local ionic microenvironments transforms the binding kinetics of pentameric C-reactive protein to its receptor phosphorylcholine on a cell-membrane-mimetic surface. On page 1733 T. Goda and team show the biomimetic interface composed of a custom polymer and an organic bioelectronics to be a powerful tool in revealing the coherent picture of acute phase responses during inflammation and infection at molecular resolution.
Nonneutral evolution of tandem repeats in the mitochondrial DNA control region of lagomorphs
Authors: D. Casane, N. Dennebouy, H. de Rochambeau, J. C. Mounolou, M. Monnerot
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

The mitochondrial DNA of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) contains a tandem array of 153-bp repeats in the vicinity of the replication origin of the H-stand. Variation among molecules in the number of these repeats results in inter- and intraindividual length polymorphism (heteroplasmy). Generally, in an individual, one predominant molecular type is observed, the others representing a low percentage of the mtDNA content. At the tissue level, we observe a particular distribution of this polymorphism in the gonads compared with liver, kidneys, or brain, implying a relationship between the differentiation status of the cells and the types of new mtDNA molecules which appear and accumulate during lifetime. Similar tandem repeats were also found in the mtDNA noncoding region of European hares (Lepus europaeus), a cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), and a pika (Ochotona rufescens). The lengths and the sequences of these units evolve rapidly and in a concerted way, but the number of repeats is maintained in a narrow range, and an internal 20-bp segment is highly conserved. Constraints restrict the evolution of the primary sequence of these repeated units, the number of which is probably controlled by a stabilizing selection.
Decline in effectiveness of antenatal corticosteroids with time to birth: real or artefact?
Authors: Simon Gates, Peter Brocklehurst
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The widely accepted notion that the benefits of antenatal corticosteroids decline with time to birth may not be correct, argue <b>Simon Gates</b> and <b>Peter Brocklehurst</b>, as the evidence is based on unsound subgroup analyses
Prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with features of the metabolic syndrome regardless of alcohol consumption
Authors: Fabrice Lainé, Claude Bendavid, Romain Moirand, Sabrina Tessier, Michèle Perrin, Anne Guillygomarc'h, Dominique Guyader, Emmanuelle Calon, Alain Renault, Pierre Brissot, Bruno Turlin, Yves Deugnier
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The aim of this study was to determine noninvasive predictive factors of significant liver fibrosis in patients with increased serum aminotransferases associated with features of metabolic syndrome (abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia). One hundred seventy-three patients were prospectively examined, regardless of alcohol consumption. Biometric, metabolic, and hepatic biochemical variables were tested for association with fibrosis assessed on liver biopsy according to the Metavir score system. Significant fibrosis, defined as Metavir scores F2, F3, or F4, was observed in 42 of 173 patients (24%). A logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to construct a simple index predictive of significant fibrosis. None of the patients with serum hyaluronate levels of 35 microg/L or less had significant fibrosis. In patients with serum hyaluronate levels >35 microg/L, no case of fibrosis stage F3 or F4 was found when serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin/transferrin ratio was less than 0.9. In conclusion, in patients with increased serum aminotransferases associated with features of metabolic syndrome, a simple algorithm, including serum hyaluronate and serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin/transferrin ratio, allows the exclusion of clinically relevant hepatic fibrosis, regardless of current or past alcohol consumption.