tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood Lead Poisoning
Authors: Evan Charney, Barry Kessler, Mark Farfel, David Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Lead-contaminated house dust is one factor in childhood lead poisoning; however, most lead-reduction programs do not emphasize the control of house dust. We studied whether lead-reduction plus dust-control measures would lower blood lead levels in children with Class II or III poisoning (blood lead levels, 30 to 49 micrograms per deciliter) more effectively than lead reduction alone. An experimental group of 14 children and a control group of 35 children whose homes had already been treated were studied. In experimental homes, sites with elevated lead levels (greater than 100 micrograms per 930 cm2) were wet-mopped twice monthly and families were encouraged to clean and to wash the child's hands frequently. After one year blood lead levels fell an average of 6.9 micrograms per deciliter in the experimental group, as compared with 0.7 micrograms per deciliter in controls (P less than 0.001). Children in the experimental group with the highest blood lead levels had the most marked reduction. Four children in the control group (and none in the experimental group) required chelation therapy for blood levels greater than 50 micrograms per deciliter. These results show that a focused dust-control program can reduce blood lead levels more than standard lead removal in the home.
Somali children are increasingly caught up in country's 20 year conflict
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Children in Somalia are experiencing horrific physical and psychological trauma as a result of intensified conflict, severe drought, and restrictions on aid, a new report says.

Amnesty International’s report paints a picture of constant danger and fear for children in the failed east African state, which along with the United States is the only member of the United Nations not to have ratified the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Youngsters under 18 years old, who make up about half the population of 9.1 million, are being injured in bomb attacks …
Abstract 390: Increased orthotopic pancreatic tumor cell growth in obese mice
Authors: Lee Gorden, Michael N. VanSaun
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer remains one of the eight deadliest cancers due to its late detection and high propensity to metastasize. Increased risk for the development of pancreatic cancer has been associated with obesity, type II diabetes and pancreatitis. The contribution of adipocytes and adipokines to pancreatic cancer progression remains largely unknown and requires further analysis. We hypothesize that increased pancreatic fat compromises the pancreatic microenvironment and increases primary tumor growth as well as metastasis. The condition of non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease has been characterized in humans as well as mice and lymph node positive patients were found to have increased pancreatic fat1,2. Adipose secreted cytokines, also known as adipokines, have both been implicated in various aspects of cancer cell survival, growth, and migration. To understand the influence that increased pancreatic fat has on the growth of tumors, both primary and metastatic, we have investigated a high fat diet induced murine model. Male mice fed a 42% fat diet for three months develop increased inter-pancreatic and intra-pancreatic fat as well as acute localized pancreatitis when compared to mice fed a 13% fat diet. To test the affect of pancreatic fat on tumor cells, we used an orthotopic tumor injection model to determine the rate of primary tumor growth and progression to metastasis. Further, we are implementing the use of Panc02-luciferase tagged cells to monitor and measure pancreatic tumor growth over time and to detect the presence of metastases in the liver and/or lungs. Preliminary evidence has confirmed that orthotopic tumors grown in obese mice led to an increased tumor size as well as massive expansion of tumor cells into the interpancreatic fat. In conclusion, increased pancreatic fat promotes the growth of orthotopically implanted murine tumor cells, yet the molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. 1. Mathur, A. et al. J Am Coll Surg. 2009 May;208(5):989-94. 2. Mathur, A. et al. HPB (Oxford). 2007;9(4):312-8. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-390
Occupational asthma due to a widely used soft solder flux not containing colophony
Authors: RP Convery, RJ Ward, DJ Hendrick
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

A 19 year old woman presented with symptoms suggestive of occupational asthma. The causative agent was thought to be a soft solder flux, which did not contain colophony. The diagnosis was established by specific inhalation challenge tests, which demonstrated both late asthmatic reactions and short-lived increases in airway responsiveness.
PESSARIES AND CANDLES IN BLADDERS
Authors: Robert L. Dickinson
Journal: JAMA (1930)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The contraceptive pessary found in the bladder by Dr. Rudnick (The Journal, May 17, p. 1565) calls for a report on the probabilities of such an accident, since all of the fifty and more birth control clinics in this country are using this form of protection. There seems to be only one case like it in the literature—that of Lohnstein of Berlin (<i>Deutsche med. Wchnschr</i>.<b>18</b>:854, 1892), in which the cap was pushed in a week previous to its detection. Its diameters were 5 and 6 mm.; that is, the spring had been partly deformed, whereas the roentgenogram in Rudnick's case shows an uninjured full circle said to be 3½ inches, or number 90, with a dome of 1½ inches, the extreme limit of size in these pessaries. Barnsby (<i>Bull. Soc. d. chir</i>.<b>21</b>:288-291, 1905) reported that a girl, aged 18, introduced a flexible soft
Physical Activity During Daily Life and Functional Decline in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Parveen K. Garg, Kiang Liu, Lu Tian, Jack M. Guralnik, Luigi Ferrucci, Michael H. Criqui, Jin Tan, Mary M. McDermott
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Few modifiable behaviors have been identified that are associated with slower rates of functional decline in persons with lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease. We determined whether higher levels of physical activity during daily life are associated with less functional decline in persons with peripheral arterial disease. Methods and Results— The study population included 203 peripheral arterial disease participants who underwent vertical accelerometer–measured physical activity continuously over 7 days and were followed up annually for up to 4 years (mean, 33.6 months). Outcomes were average annual changes in 6-minute walk performance, usual-paced and fast-paced 4-m walking velocity, and the short performance physical battery. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, comorbidities, body mass index, ankle brachial index, smoking, and walking exercise frequency. Higher baseline physical activity levels measured by a vertical accelerometer were associated with significantly less average annual decline in 6-minute walk performance ( P for trend=0.010), fast-paced 4-m walking velocity ( P for trend=0.002), and the short performance physical battery ( P for trend=0.001). Compared with the lowest baseline quartile, those in the highest baseline quartile of physical activity had less annual decline in 6-minute walk performance (−50.82 versus −107.0 ft/y; P =0.019), fast-paced 4-m walking speed (−0.0034 versus −0.111 m · s −1 · y −1 ; P =0.002), and the short performance physical battery (−0.074 versus −0.829; P =0.005). Conclusions— Higher physical activity levels during daily life are associated with less functional decline among people with peripheral arterial disease. These findings may be particularly important for the large number of peripheral arterial disease persons without access to supervised walking exercise programs.
ION ASSOCIATION. VI. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, INORGANIC PHOSPHATE, CITRATE AND PROTEIN IN NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA*
Authors: Mackenzie Walser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

The total measured concentration of an ionizable constituent of body fluids often fails to reveal either the varied chemical forms in which it may be present, or the portion which is present as the free ionized substance. This truism applies to most organic acids and bases and to inorganic ions which are multivalent. Univalent ions whose cor
Effect of diet on the hepatotoxicity of polybrominated biphenyls (FireMaster PB-6).
Authors: J G Babish, G S Stoewsand, D J Lisk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The consumption of diets formulated with Cruciferae vegetables, e.g., cauliflower, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts, has been shown to result in a stimulation of the intestinal and hepatic microsomal enzyme systems in rats. This study was designed to determine if this increase in intestinal and hepatic microsomal enzyme activity affected the hepatic response to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB). After three weeks of consuming either a semipurified or 25% cauliflower leaf-supplemented diet (CLD), male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained for an additional 20 days on their respective diets containing either 0, 1, or 50 ppm PBB. A significant decrease in body weights, but not feed efficiency, was observed over all levels of PBB in animals consuming CLD compared to semipurified diets; consumption of up to 50 ppm of PBB had no effect on body weights with either diet. Relative liver weights (RLW), hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), N- and O-demethylase, as well as intestinal AHH were all increased in CLD-consuming animals before the addition of PBB. While PBB supplementation alone resulted in increased RLW, hepatic AHH, N- and O-demethylase, microsomal protein, and cytochrome P-450, rats consuming cauliflower diets + PBB had even higher RLW and N- and O-demethylase activity and microsomal protein concentrations. Hepatic PBB residue and total hepatic lipids were significantly reduced in CLD groups receiving 50 ppm PBB. These results suggest that the antitoxic effects of certain vegetables are related to more rapid metabolism and excretion of xenobiotic compounds.
Preclinical characterization of a new liquid ?immune globulin intravenous (human), 10% triple virally reduced solution? (IGIV, 10%TVR)*1
Authors: W. Teschner, W. Auer, L. Pichler, U. Bölzlbauer, A. Butterweck, H. Schwarz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Privy Council overturns ruling by the GMC
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Two doctors who were ordered by the General Medical Council to be suspended from the medical register for three months for plagiarism had their sentences quashed this week by the Privy Council.

Lord Hoffmann, Martin Nourse, and Philip Otton substituted a reprimand for the suspensions originally imposed on Osama Hassan Salha and Naim Abusheikha.

In 2000 Mr Abusheikha and Dr Salha, who worked at Bourn Hall Clinic near Cambridge …
Reinnervation after childbirth---a new paradigm for sensory bowel symptoms?
Authors: M. QUINN
Journal: Gut (2001)

Visceral hypersensitivity has been identified as a significant feature in a proportion of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.1 Reinnervation following a difficult intrapartum episode may be an important contributory factor. Many benign pelvic symptoms may be interpreted as pain or discomfort in response …
Portal Hypertension Evaluated by Reprojection Images of Tc-99m RBC Liver SPECT
Authors: CHAN H. PARK, ELISA BOTELHO, JAMES ZHANG, SUNG M. KIM, CHARLES INTENZO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Reprojection images of Tc-99m RBC liver imaging was particularly useful in demonstrating dilated portal and splenic veins in a patient with cirrhosis.
Recombinant human growth hormone poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres provide a long lasting effect
Authors: Jeffrey L Cleland, Eileen Duenas, Ann Daugherty, Melinda Marian, Janet Yang, Mark Wilson, Abigail C Celniker, Azin Shahzamani, Valerie Quarmby, Herman Chu, Venkat Mukku, Anne Mac, Melissa Roussakis, Nancy Gillette, Brooks Boyd, Douglas Yeung, Dennis Brooks, Yu-Fun Maa, Chung Hsu, Andrew J.S Jones
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1997)
Spina Bifida and the Total Care of Spinal Myelomeningocele
Authors: Martin P. Sayers
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The diagnosis and management of spinal myelomeningocele is here treated with a thoroughness, familiarity with the literature, sympathy, and breadth of experience never before encountered in print. The author has crystallized his opinions with regard to terminology and offers useful suggestions regarding more uniform international usage. In discussing classification, incidence, heredity, and natural history, he accurately reviews and criticizes available data and opinion, which he then compares with his own experience. The decision regarding initial treatment is analyzed first as a practical family and socioeconomic problem. "The decisions made about the back and the head in the first few months of life determine the whole fate of the child, not only the fact of survival itself, but, perhaps more important, the quality of the survivor." The decision to carry out early and intensive treatment is made when the team's assessment of the "child as a whole" reveals no contraindication, reasonable
The Denervated Heart
Authors: Kenneth M. Kent, Theodore Cooper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

PHYSIOLOGISTS have long been interested in the role of cardiac nerves in modulating cardiac performance. During the last few years, the effects of denervating the heart have also become important for the understanding of cardiac function in clinical conditions in which the neural control of the heart is impaired or absent. Removing the innervation of the heart leaves the heart dependent on other regulating systems. However, complete denervation is difficult to accomplish.Cannon1 meticulously attempted to destroy each element of cardiac innervation and concluded that complete denervation of the heart without sacrificing the function of other viscera was virtually impossible. . . .
906 KILLER CELL IMMUNOGLOBULIN-LIKE RECEPTOR (KIR) GENE 2DS2 WITH HLA-C LIGAND Cl/Cl MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROLONGED LIVER INJURY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS (AIH)
Authors: M. Woźniak, B. Piatosa, H. Gregorek, M. Woynarowski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
US rate of HIV infection rises sharply among young black gay men
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of new HIV infections in young black men who have sex with other men in the US rose by 48% between 2006 and 2009, although the overall incidence hovered at around 50 000 cases a year over the same period, show the latest figures from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), published in PLoS ONE.

The analysis is based on surveillance data going back to 2004 from 16 selected states and two cities, using a test for serological markers that distinguish recent from more established infection (www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0017502).

“While we’re glad [the overall number of new infections] …
Chemotherapy Treatment and Survival in Estrogen Receptor Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis.
Authors: I. Zuckerman, M. Schneider, E. Onukwugha, D. McNally, J. Gardner, N. Pandya, B. Seal, C. Mullins
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Although controlled clinical trials have demonstrated a beneficial effect of various chemotherapy regimens on survival in breast cancer (BC), little is known about treatment patterns and survival benefit in the “real world” population of elderly women with metastatic BC. Methods: We identified female Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥66 years with metastatic BC diagnosed from 1999 to 2005 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registries (SEER). Patients with a prior history of any cancer were excluded. Treatment-related data were abstracted from linked Medicare claims. Since Medicare claims have incomplete information on oral selective estrogen receptor modulators, we limited our study cohort to estrogen receptor negative (ER-) women. Chemotherapy was defined as the receipt of any chemotherapeutic regimen within 6 months after diagnosis. Initial regimens were characterized based on drugs given during the first 30 days of chemotherapy. We used a continuous-time interval-censored survival analysis to determine the effect of chemotherapy on hazard of any-cause death, controlling for sociodemographic and clinical factors, including proxy measures for performance status. Results: We identified 1518 ER(-) women diagnosed with metastatic BC in SEER. Mean age was 77.6 (SD 7.6) years, 84% were white race and 27% were married at the time of diagnosis. Of the 1518 metastatic ER(-) BC patients, 493 (32%) received chemotherapy. As compared to women who did not receive chemotherapy, women who received chemotherapy were more likely to be younger, married, have lower pre-cancer comorbidity as measured by the Charlson comorbidity index, have seen an oncology specialist and have cancer-directed surgery or radiation prior to chemotherapy. Initial regimens comprised predominantly one (31%) or two (46%) drug classes. The most common regimens were taxanes only (18%), anthracycline+alkylating agents (17%) and antimetabolite+alkylating agent (9%). Overall median followup time was 7 months; 1223 women (81%) died during followup. Median survival time was 5 months among women who did not receive chemotherapy and 15 months among women who received chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was associated with a statistically significant survival benefit (adjusted Hazard Ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.54, 0.70). Conclusion: In this population-based study of older women, there was a variety of chemotherapy regimens used for metastatic ER(-) BC. Chemotherapy received within 6 months after diagnosis was associated with a 39% reduction in hazard of death. These findings reflect chemotherapy use outside of the clinical trial setting and have important clinical and policy implications for the study of treatments among older women with advanced BC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2064.
Recruitment of HIF-1α and HIF-2α to common target genes is differentially regulated in neuroblastoma: HIF-2α promotes an aggressive phenotype
Authors: Linda Holmquist-Mengelbier, Erik Fredlund, Tobias Löfstedt, Rosa Noguera, Samuel Navarro, Helén Nilsson, Alexander Pietras, Johan Vallon-Christersson, Åke Borg, Katarina Gradin, Lorenz Poellinger, Sven Påhlman
Journal: Cancer Cell (2006)
Immediate Treatment Of Insect Stings
Authors: Harry L. Arnold
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  The stings of insects and other arthropods are painful enough in most cases to warrant treatment even if their only serious effect—an anaphylactic reaction—is not present. The basic rule that the commonest conditions are apt to be the least manageable ones operates here: cold compresses are about the most potent remedy suggested by textbooks.  There is, however, an immediately effective remedy for such lesions, available in most kitchens: meat tenderizer.  The effectiveness of this material, applied in a dilute solution of tap water, prepared on the spot by mixing a quarter-teaspoonful or so with a teaspoonful or two of water, presumably depends on its content of papain. This proteolytic enzyme probably breaks down the venoms and kinins injected by the insect. The solution is merely rubbed into the skin at the site of the sting, and virtually all pain stops within seconds.  Stings not treated immediately in
Drug Addiction, vol 3: Neurobiology and Influences on Behavior; vol 4: New Aspects of Analytical and Clinical Toxicology
Authors: William E. Thornton
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The editors have compiled a five-volume series of papers that were specifically invited from those presented at the Second International Symposium on Drug Addiction. The stated intention is enormously ambitious—to present a multidisciplinary approach and a complete picture of the whole field, namely, problems of drug abuse, tolerance, addiction, and methadone treatment. The result of these broad intentions is alleged to represent a meaningful body of literature for psychologists, pharmacologists, anatomists, chemists, sociologists, neurologists, and public health professionals. Furthermore, the editors advise the general practitioner to use the series as a textbook in helping to warn patients about the misuse of prescribed medications.  I seriously doubt that any of these expectations are realistic. Potential readers should have a prerequisite that includes working knowledge of psychopharmacology, neurochemistry, neurology, and behavioral analysis. Also necessary for the reader is an ability to criticize basic research design and appreciate the variations of clinical and
Y chromosome microchimerism in Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: F CARLUCCI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Fifteen patients who experienced epileptic seizures while playing video games are described together with a review of 20 cases in the English literature. Nine of the 15 cases and all but two of the reported cases experienced their first seizure while playing video games. Two thirds of patients had idiopathic generalised epilepsy and mainly reported generalised tonic clonic seizures, but some had typical absence seizures and myoclonic jerks while playing video games. In this series, 30% with idiopathic generalised epilepsy had juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Overall, 70% of patients with idiopathic generalised epilepsy were photosensitive to intermittent photic stimulation and the mechanism of seizure provocation was probably similar to that of television induced seizures, although sensitivity to specific patterns was sometimes important. Two children had self induced video game seizures. Non-photic factors such as excitement, fatigue, sleep deprivation, cognitive processing, and diurnal variation in susceptibility seemed to be important seizure precipitants, particularly in non-photo-sensitive patients. Twenty nine per cent of patients had partial (mainly occipital) video game associated seizures. Occipital spikes were common in the EEG of these patients. Photosensitivity to intermittent photic stimulation may have been important in two patients but in the others, who all played arcade video games, other mechanisms need to be considered. Video game associated seizures are a feature of several epileptic syndromes and differ in precipitants and appropriate management.