tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Asthma is associated with preterm birth but not with small for gestational age status among a population-based cohort of Medicaid-enrolled children &lt;10 years of age
Authors: B. D Gessner, M.-A. R Chimonas
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Few population-based studies have evaluated the association between birth weight or gestation and subsequent clinically significant asthma. <b>Methods:</b> Birth records of 37 349 Alaska residents &lt;10 years of age who were enrolled in Medicaid for at least 365 days during 1999–2002 were linked to a Medicaid billing file. The occurrence of asthma and lower respiratory infections during the study period was categorised on the basis of standard International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision codes. The association between gestational age or small for gestational age status and asthma outcomes was adjusted for recent history of lower respiratory infection, years of Medicaid enrolment, age at enrolment and a variety of birth-related factors. <b>Results:</b> Among children &lt;5 years of age, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for developing asthma decreased by 5.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.2 to 10.9) and 7.9% (95% CI 5.2 to 10.4) per additional week of gestational age for children without and with any lower respiratory tract infection, respectively. For children ⩾5 years of age, the adjusted OR for developing asthma decreased by 3.4% (95% CI −2.8 to 9.8) and 3.7% (95% CI −2.0 to 9.2) per additional week of gestation for those without and with lower respiratory tract infection, respectively. Among all children with asthma, the adjusted OR for hospitalisation due to asthma decreased by 6.9% (95% CI 2.1 to 11.5) for each additional week of gestational age. Small for gestational age status was not significantly associated with asthma outcomes. <b>Conclusions:</b> Preterm birth but not small for gestational age status predicted subsequent asthma outcomes. Adverse effects of preterm birth on asthma outcomes persist beyond age 5 years.
THE SURGEON AND THE PATHOLOGIST.A PLEA FOR RECIPROCITY AS ILLUSTRATED BY THE CONSIDERATION OF THE CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF BENIGN TUMORS OF THE BREAST. ORATION ON SURGERY AT THE FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, PORTLAND, OREGON, JULY 11-14, 1905.
Authors: J. COLLINS WARREN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

<h3>SYNOPSIS.</h3> Introduction: Subject of paper. Confusion of nomenclature. National and local differences. Differences between clinician and pathologist. Need of co-operation. Clearing house. Material: 658 consecutive cases of chronic disease of breast in M. G. H. 100 cases from private practice (70 diagnoses in 199 cases of benign breast tumor in M. G. H.). Classification: Normal anatomy of breast. Relation to tumors and diseases. Classification offered. Variation from other classifications. Carcinoma: 517 cases. Proportion to other tumors, 68 per cent. (70 per cent., M. G. H.) (58 per cent., J. C. W.). Varieties. Age incidence. Occurrence with or resulting from benign tumors and diseases, as Involution, papillary cyst adenoma, periductal fibroma, Paget's disease. Fibro-Epithelial Tumors: Fibrous Group. Periductal tumors. Fibroma, myxoma. sarcoma. Frequency. Pathology. Clinical symptoms. Diagnosis. Course. Prognosis. Treatment. Fibro-Epithelial Tumors: Epithelial group. Cyst-adenoma. Fibro-Cyst-Adenoma: Rare. Epithelial exaggeration of periductal fibroma. Pathologic symptoms. Treatment. Papillary Cyst-Adenoma: Pathology. Symptoms. Prognosis. Treatment.
Frame and Focus
Authors: Norman R. Epstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being a Doctor15 October 1992Frame and FocusNorman R. Epstein, MDNorman R. Epstein, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-8-690 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPeriodically she comes to my office with her husband. I can count on Betty coming in promptly, docile spouse in tow, each time there is a change in habit, an obvious ailment, or just a feeling that something is wrong. Ravaged by Alzheimer disease, he smiles easily at any and all instructions, although getting him to stand is a trick and using the exam table is almost impossible.She is infinitely patient, as she would have to be, explaining her concerns and observations, reaffirming her willingness to live for two people most of every day while he stares around the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 2820 East 4th Street Tucson, AZ 85716-4422 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 8Page: 690-690KeywordsAlzheimer diseaseEmotionsHabits Issue Published: 15 October 1992 Copyright© 1992 American College of PhysiciansPDF DownloadLoading ...
THE DERIVATION AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE ALGORITHM TO PREDICT THE ABSENCE OF CORONARY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE OF UNCLEAR ETIOLOGY
Authors: Michael J. Shih, Mouyyad Rahaby, Tareq Alyousef, Salaheldin Abusin, Russell Kelly, Rami Doukky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Azathioprine and Urinary Bladder Tumor
Authors: R. OR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983Azathioprine and Urinary Bladder TumorR. OR, M.D., Y. KLEINMAN, M.D., T. CHAJEK-SHAUL, M.D.R. OR, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Y. KLEINMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. CHAJEK-SHAUL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-737_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We write to report a urinary bladder tumor that developed with prolonged use of azathioprine in a young patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.A 27-year-old man 12 years previously had had a skin rash, hepatosplenomegaly, Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia, and nephritis. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was confirmed by a positive test for lupus erythematosus cells. Results of a kidney biopsy showed active focal proliferative and necrotizing lupus nephritis. The patient was treated with steroids and azathioprine. A complete clinical and laboratory remission was achieved, and the patient was maintained on prednisone, 20 mg/d, and azathioprine,...References1. PERRY M. Chemotherapy toxicity and the clinician. Semin Oncol. 1982;11:1-4. Google Scholar2. HOOVER R and FRAUMENI J. Risk of cancer in renal transplant recipients. Lancet. 1973;2:55-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SKINNER M and SCHWARTZ R. Immunosuppressive therapy. N Eng J Med. 1972;287:286. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. Information for Investigators. Berkenham, Kent, England: Wellcome Research Laboratories; 1977. Google Scholar5. AXTELL L, ASIRE A, and MYERS M. A Report from the Cancer Surveillance Epidemiology Program and End Results. Bethesda, Maryland: 1976. (DHEW publication no. (NIH) 77-992). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: R. OR, M.D.; Y. KLEINMAN, M.D.; T. CHAJEK-SHAUL, M.D.Affiliations: Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Therapeutic Use of Azathioprine in Renal TransplantationCytostatics and immunosuppressive drugs 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5 Page: 737-737 Keywords Bladder Hemolytic anemia Hepatosplenomegaly Kidneys Lupus erythematosus Lupus nephritis Nephritis Rashes Research laboratories Steroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Molecular rearrangements of the MLL gene are present in most cases of infant acute myeloid leukemia and are strongly correlated with monocytic or myelomonocytic phenotypes.
Authors: P H Sorensen, C S Chen, F O Smith, D C Arthur, P H Domer, I D Bernstein, S J Korsmeyer, G D Hammond, J H Kersey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Cytogenetic studies have previously identified abnormalities of chromosome band 11q23 in many cases of infant acute leukemia. Recent studies by ourselves and others have demonstrated breakpoint clustering in acute leukemias bearing translocations involving 11q23, and a Drosophila trithorax gene homologue (called MLL, HRX, or ALL-1) has been shown to span the 11q23 breakpoints of these translocations. To determine if this gene is affected in infant acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we have analyzed 26 infant AML cases for molecular alterations of this 11q23 gene. 15 out of 26 cases studied (58%) showed rearrangement of the MLL gene at the molecular level, and these rearrangements were clustered within an approximately 11-kb region containing nine exons of this gene. Moreover, 14 of the 15 cases with 11q23 rearrangements (93%) had myelomonocytic or monocytic phenotypes (M4 or M5 FAB subtypes, respectively), both of which are associated with a poor prognosis in childhood AML. In contrast, only 1 of 11 nonrearranged cases had an M4 or M5 phenotype (P = 0.00002). Rearrangement also correlated significantly with hyperleukocytosis (P = 0.02), another clinical parameter associated with poor outcome in this disease. Our results demonstrate that molecular rearrangements of MLL are common in M4 or M5 infant AML, and suggest that alteration of this gene may result in abnormal control of proliferation and differentiation in monocytic progenitor cells.
Imaging technology could be useful in poor countries
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Some types of medical imaging could become cheaper and more accessible to millions of people in the developing world if an innovative concept developed by an engineer at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem fulfils its promise. The device uses cellular phone technology to transmit magnetic resonance images, computed tomograms, and ultrasound scans ( PLoS One 2008;3:e2075; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002075).

The Israeli technology, which has been patented, was developed by Boris Rubinsky, who holds a joint appointment as director of the Israeli university’s Research Center for Bioengineering in the Service of Humanity and Society and is on the bioengineering and mechanical engineering faculty at the University of California at Berkeley. 

“Diagnosis and …
Molecular targeted drugs are too simple for common cancers, says UK researcher
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Previous studies of thymocyte apoptosis using a series of cell-permeable fluorogenic peptide substrates showed that Fas cross-linking triggered a caspase cascade in which cleavage of the IETDase (caspase 8-selective) substrate was the earliest caspase activity measured by flow cytometry. This result was expected in light of the abundant evidence for caspase 8 activation as an initiating event in the Fas death pathway. However, when apoptosis was induced by anti-Fas in CTL and the caspase cascade examined by this approach, IETDase activation followed increases in LEHDase, YVHDase, and VEIDase activities (selective for caspases 9, 1, and 6, respectively). When examined by confocal microscopy, anti-Fas-treated CTL showed the early appearance of IETDase-containing plasma membrane vesicles and their release from the CTL surface, followed by activation of other caspase activities in the cell interior. Since these vesicles were not included in the flow cytometry analysis, the early IETDase activity had been underestimated. In contrast to anti-Fas, induction of apoptosis in these CTL by IL-2 withdrawal resulted in early IETDase activity in the cytoplasm, with no plasma membrane vesiculation. Thus, anti-Fas-induced initiation of caspase activity at the plasma membrane may in some cells result in local proteolysis of submembrane proteins, leading to generation of membrane vesicles that are highly enriched in active caspase 8.
<i>CMAJ</i> owner fails to guarantee editorial independence
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The editorial autonomy of the CMAJ , the journal of the Canadian Medical Association (CMA), “is to an important degree illusory,” says a highly critical commentary published last week. The commentary was produced by an ad hoc committee of the journal's editorial board following the firing of the journal's editor and deputy editor ( BMJ 2006;332: 503, 4 Mar). Soon after the commentary was published the acting editor resigned after the association refused to accept a plan he drafted that was aimed …
TIGIT and PD-1 impair tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients
Authors: Joe-Marc Chauvin, Ornella Pagliano, Julien Fourcade, Zhaojun Sun, Hong Wang, Cindy Sander, John M. Kirkwood, Tseng-hui Timothy Chen, Mark Maurer, Alan J. Korman, Hassane M. Zarour
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, Tregs, and NK cells. Here, we determined that TIGIT is upregulated on tumor antigen-specific (TA-specific) CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from patients with melanoma, and these TIGIT-expressing CD8⁺ T cells often coexpress the inhibitory receptor PD-1. Moreover, CD8⁺ TILs from patients exhibited downregulation of the costimulatory molecule CD226, which competes with TIGIT for the same ligand, supporting a TIGIT/CD226 imbalance in metastatic melanoma. TIGIT marked early T cell activation and was further upregulated by T cells upon PD-1 blockade and in dysfunctional PD-1⁺TIM-3⁺ TA-specific CD8⁺ T cells. PD-1⁺TIGIT⁺, PD-1⁻TIGIT⁺, and PD-1⁺TIGIT⁻ CD8⁺ TILs had similar functional capacities ex vivo, suggesting that TIGIT alone, or together with PD-1, is not indicative of T cell dysfunction. However, in the presence of TIGIT ligand-expressing cells, TIGIT and PD-1 blockade additively increased proliferation, cytokine production, and degranulation of both TA-specific CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ TILs. Collectively, our results show that TIGIT and PD-1 regulate the expansion and function of TA-specific CD8⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ TILs in melanoma patients and suggest that dual TIGIT and PD-1 blockade should be further explored to elicit potent antitumor CD8⁺ T cell responses in patients with advanced melanoma.
The Ired-Wife Syndrome
Authors: John F. Briggs
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regional ejection fraction: a quantative radionuclide index of regional left ventricular performance.
Authors: D E Maddox, J Wynne, R Uren, J A Parker, J Idoine, L C Siegel, J M Neill, P F Cohn, B L Holman
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Radionuclide measurements of regional left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated as a quantitative index of regional left ventricular function. Left ventricular regional ejection fractions were derived from background-corrected, time-activity curves in 43 patients assessed by both gated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography and left ventricular contrast angiography. From a single, modified left anterior oblique projection, the regional change in background corrected counts was determined in each of three anatomic regions. The normal range for regional radionuclide ejection fraction was determined in 10 patients with normal contrast ventriculograms and without obstructive coronary artery disease at coronary arteriography. Regional ejection fraction was compared with percent segmental axis shortening and extent of akinetic segments in corresponding regions of the contrast ventriculogram. Radionuclide and roentgenographic methods were in agreement as to the presence or absence of abnormal wall motion in 83 of 99 left ventricular regions (84%) in 33 patients evaluated prospectively. Comparison of regional ejection fraction demonstrated significant differences between regions with roentgenographically determined normokinesis (75 +/- 3%, mean +/- SEM), hypokinesis (44 +/- 3%, p less than 0.0005) and akinesis (24 +/- 5%, p less than 0.005). We conclude that the left ventricular regional ejection provides a reliable quantitative assessment of regional left ventricular performance.
REATTACHMENT OF RUPTURED IRIS
Authors: J. C. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The report inThe Journal, November 8, by Dr. Abraham Shedlov, of a case of reattachment of a ruptured iris recalls a recent case in my practice. September 21, J. B., aged 19, presented himself at the office with the statement that he had been hit a few minutes previously on the left eye by the blunt end of an arrow. Examination showed a rupture of the bulbar conjunctiva, several small bruises on the cornea, a partially dilated, elliptic pupil, a 4 millimeter detachment of the iris at the inferior nasal quadrant, and an extensive intra-ocular hemorrhage. Vision was nil. Under atropin and antiseptic treatment, the external injuries healed readily, and in six days the iris had become reattached. The vision at this time was counting fingers at one foot, but the hemorrhage was not sufficiently absorbed to allow any view of the fundus. The patient failed
GP is found guilty of negligence in failing to spot meningitis in 42 year old patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

An artist who was left blind and with significant hearing loss at age 42 will receive substantial damages after the High Court ruled that a GP was negligent in failing to treat her for suspected bacterial meningitis and refer her urgently to hospital.

Julie Coakley had a 12 minute consultation with her GP, Henrietta Rosie, at her practice near Winchester in January 2009, after nine days of feeling unwell during which Coakley had self medicated with Lemsip Max. Her symptoms included headache, nasal congestion, lethargy, loss of …
Immunologic Competence and Phagocytosis in Germfree Animals With and Without Stress
Authors: Heinz Bauer, Richard E. Horowitz, Kenneth C. Watkins, Hans Popper
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The STRUCTURE and function of lymphatic tissue are known to be influenced by the microbial flora. The bacteria of the external environment and the intestine are the major source of such stimuli even under "normal" circumstances. In order to evaluate the role of the microflora in lymphatic tissue reactions, a study was undertaken of lymph nodes and spleens of animals which had never been exposed to living microorganisms. Since the development of germfree techniques,<sup>1,2</sup>germfree animals have become available for comparative studies of the structure and function of lymphatic tissue and its reactions to injury. The experiments reported here include a comparison of those lymph nodes which in conventional animals drain organs rich in bacteria, such as the pharynx, larynx, and intestinal tract, with nodes from the extremities which are usually not exposed to microorganisms. Previous studies in animals not subjected to stress were supplemented by recent observations of
EM changes and other toxic effects of firemaster BP-6 (polybrominated biphenyls) in the mouse.
Authors: T H Corbett, J L Simmons, H Kawanishi, J L Endres
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Groups of Swiss ICR mice were fed 1000 ppm polybrominated biphenyls (FireMaster BP-6) in rodent chow for 4, 8, 11, and 14 days. Control groups were fed standard rodent chow without FireMaster BP-6. Animals were killed at the end of each feeding period and the livers examined by electron microscopy. EM changes noted were progressive increase in size of hepatocytes, a decrease in rough endoplasmic reticulum, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial degeneration, increased lysosomes, and a decrease in glycogen. In addition, there was increasing proliferation of microvilli in bile canaliculi with increasing feeding times. A group of mice fed 1000 ppm FireMaster BP-6 in rodent chow for 11 days had livers with a mean of 13.93% of total body weight as compared with 6.49% for the control group (P=0.02). Tissue distribution following ingestion of 100 ppm FireMaster BP-6 for 14 days was studied. Twelve weeks post-feeding, the tissue concentrations of hexabromobiphenyl in order of highest concentration to lowest were as follows: perithymic fat, perirenal fat, adrenal glands, thymus gland, liver and stomach.
Nicotine Vaccines Move Toward Pivotal Trials
Authors: Caroline McNeil
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)

Nicotine Vaccines Move Toward Pivotal TrialsThree candidate vaccines to help smokers quit reached development landmarks in 2005, and at least two of them are headed toward phase III trials, according to the three companies involved.In randomized trials, all three vaccines elicited antibodies to nicotine and increased quit rates compared with those of placebos.The three vaccines work in similar ways, stimulating the production of antibodies that bind to nicotine molecules in the blood.The resulting complex is too large to pass through the blood-brain barrier, depriving nicotine receptors in the brain of the stimulus that leads to addiction.The largest trial was carried out by CytosBiotechno logy AG in Zurich, which announced 12-month results in October for its vaccine, CYT002-NicQb.In a phase II trial with 341 smokers, researchers saw no overall difference between the vaccine group and the placebo group.However, in a subgroup analysis, 42% of the participants who produced the highest antibody levels were able to quit smoking, compared with 21% of those who received a placebo.The next step for Cytos is to optimize the dose, regimen, and formulation to produce high antibody concentrations in most vaccinated smokers, according to Claudine Blaser, Ph.D., director of corporate communications at Cytos.The results of a dose optimization study, which began in October, are expected in the second quarter of 2006."Depending on regulatory approvals, phase III studies could get started in the course of 2007," Blaser said.Also last fall, Nabi Biopharmaceuticals in Boca Raton, Fla., published the results of a phase II trial with 68 smokers comparing its vaccine, NicVAX, with a placebo.After 38 weeks' follow-up, antibody levels were highest in