tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and acid-suppressing medications
Authors: Robert E Powers, Gary P Lawton, Irvin M Modlin
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1995)

With the availability of increasingly potent acid-suppressing medications, questions continue to rise concerning the safety of these compounds in regards to carcinogenetic potential. In this review, we examine current concepts and procedures relating to genotoxicity, the potential for a chemical agent to interact with and alter the genomic information of the cell, and carcinogenesis. A description and discussion of commonly utilized techniques for the determination of (a) in vitro mutagenicity, (b) in vitro and in vivo DNA damage and repair, (c) in vitro and in vivo chromosomal damage and (d) chronically dosed animal tumorigenesis development is presented. Observations from these procedures as they have been applied to a review of the safety of acid-suppressing medications will be discussed. An evaluation of reports relating to potential genotoxic and carcinogenic hazards of therapeutically relevant acid-suppressing medications (cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole) is presented. Information related to the effect of prolonged administration of acid-suppressing medications, alterations of serum gastrin levels, and the potential for tumor promotion is discussed.
Tension-Type Headache
Authors: Ryszard M. Pluta, Cassio Lynm, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Tension-type headache is one of the most common types of recurring headache, affecting 69% of men and 88% of women. Although it is commonly called tension headache or contraction headache, muscle tightness is not a cause even though neck discomfort may be present.
Familiar clustering and spreading of hepatitis delta virus infection
Authors: Ferruccio Bonino, Nicola Caporaso, Pietro Dentico, Giovanni Marinucci, Luciano Valeri, Antonio Craxi, Antonio Ascione, Giovanni Raimondo, Felice Piccinino, Giuseppe Rocca, Mario Rizzetto, Paolo Gerardo, Giuseppe Poli, Gianfranco Tappero, Barbara Forzani, Luigi Castellano, Rosalba Suozzo, Maria Vinci, Giuseppe Longo, Evangelista Sagnelli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1985)
Different Lesions Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Feng Xu, Frank Liu, Behram Pastakia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We present different findings on 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-NaF PET/CT images in 2 patients with multiple myeloma. In 1 case, 18F-FDG PET/CT showed intense uptake in the lesions in the axial skeleton where 18F-NaF PET/CT seemed normal. In addition, a sternal lesion showed FDG uptake only in the center but NaF uptake only in the periphery. In another patient, intense NaF accumulation in a dorsal vertebra was noted, but the corresponding FDG uptake was unimpressive. The role of these 2 radioactive tracers in the management of multiple myeloma continues to be defined.
Association Between Osteoprotegerin G1181C and T245G Polymorphisms and Diabetic Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Dario Pitocco, Giovanni Zelano, Giuseppina Gioffrè, Enrico Di Stasio, Francesco Zaccardi, Francesca Martini, Tittania Musella, Giuseppe Scavone, Marco Galli, Salvatore Caputo, Lorena Mancini, Giovanni Ghirlanda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Charcot neuroarthropathy is a disabling complication of diabetes. Although its pathogenesis remains unknown, we suppose that genetics may play a relevant role.We performed a case-control study with 59 subjects with diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy (Ch group), 41 with diabetic neuropathy without Charcot neuroarthropathy (ND group), and 103 healthy control subjects (H group) to evaluate the impact of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the osteoprotegerin gene (G1181C and T245G) on the risk of Charcot neuroarthropathy.Regarding the SNPs of G1181C, we found a significant linkage between the G allele and Charcot neuroarthropathy (Ch vs. ND, odds ratio [OR] 2.32 [95% CI 1.3-4.1], P = 0.006; Ch vs. H, 2.10 [1.3-3.3], P = 0.002; and ND vs. H, 0.90 [0.7-1.9], P = 0.452); similarly, we found a linkage with the G allele of T245G (Ch vs. ND, 6.25 [2.2-19.7], P < 0.001; Ch vs. H, 3.56 [1.9-6.7], P = 0.001; and ND vs. H, 0.54 [0.6-5.7], P = 0.304), supporting a protective role for the allele C and T, respectively. For this reason we investigated the frequency of the protective double homozygosis CC + TT (7% in Ch) that was significantly lower in Ch compared with H (0.18 [0.06-0.5], P = 0.002) and with ND (0.17 [0.05-0.58], P = 0.006), whereas there was no difference between H and ND (1.05 [0.43-2.0], P = 0.468). In a multivariate logistic backward regression model, only weight and the lack of CC and TT genotypes were independently associated with the presence of Charcot neuroarthropathy.This is the first study that shows an association between genetic regulation of bone remodeling and Charcot neuroarthropathy.
Points: How large is the problem of medical negligence?
Authors: H C M Walton
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Mr Richard Earlam has provided us with a clear exposition of the current mismanagement of oesophageal carcinoma in a regional hospital service (23 June, p 1892).Most doctors would agree that at presentation most cases of oesophageal carcinoma are incurable.'The aim of any treatment, therefore, is effective palliation-that is, relief of dysphagia-with consequent low morbidity and mortality.2The treatment statistics detailed by Mr Earlam clearly show that this goal is not being achieved in the North East Thames region.It is likely that the hospital management of oesophageal carcinoma will improve only when all patients with this condition are urgently referred to multidisciplinary teams established in regional specialist centres.
Results of Psychosocial Adjustment to Long-Term Colostomy
Authors: Michael Wirsching, H.U. Drüner, G. Herrmann
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

114 patients with permanent colostomy for carcinoma of the rectum were compared by questionnaire and interview with 110 cancer patients, having undergone colonic resection but not bearing a colostomy. The patients' own assessment of their health was for the colostomy group even better than for the controls. The emotional state before and after surgery showed significant degrees of hopelessness, depressions and fear especially for young women awaiting colostomy. Social contacts were considered as far as visits of friends or cinema, theatre are concerned. Sexual activity decreased significantly for 75% of colostomized men. In 40% organic lesions led to impotence. The Giessen test revealed significant rates of social impotence, negative social resonance and depression for men with colostoma.
Positional cloning of the Fanconi anaemia group A gene
Authors: Sinoula Apostolou, Scott A. Whitmore, Joanna Crawford, Gregory Lennon, Grant R. Sutherland, David F. Callen, Leonarda lanzano, Maria Savino, Maria D'Apolito, Angelo Notarangeio, Elena Memeo, Maria Rosaria Piemontese, Leopoldo Zelante, Anna Savoia, Rachel A. Gibson, Alex J. Tipping, Neil V. Morgan, Sheila Hassock, Stander Jansen, Thomy J. de Ravel, Carola Van Berkell, Jan C. Pronk, Douglas F. Easton, Christopher G. Mathew, Orna Levran, Peter C. Verlander, Sat Dev Batish, Tamar Erlich, Arleen D. Auerbach, Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen, Elna W. Moerland, Cees J. Cornelisse, Norman A. Doggett, Larry L. Deaven, Robert K. Moyzis
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Trust in the future?
Authors: C. Easmon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In the fictional (so far) NHS portrayed by Wendy Lee in Radio 4's satire, “Trust,” surgical directorate managers bid at auction for patients. The manager of the surgical directorate of the Bottomley Memorial Hospital is a used car salesman, Mike Blunt, appointed to the job by his uncle Nigel, who also happens to be the trust's chief executive. Those of us who have conact with hospital managers will take delight in Keith Allen's wickedly over-the-top portrayal of Mike Blunt.

Mike Blunt's priorities are simple: he wants to make money, float his hospital on the stock market, and pioneer “bargain basement surgery.” Scruples are something that Mike would tell someone to wipe off their shoes before entering his showroom, and he has no qualms about bugging staff …
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)–driven accumulation of a novel CD11c+ B-cell population is important for the development of autoimmunity
Authors: Anatoly V. Rubtsov, Kira Rubtsova, Aryeh Fischer, Richard T. Meehan, Joann Z. Gillis, John W. Kappler, Philippa Marrack
Journal: Blood (2011)
Ultrastructure of Immune Deposits in Renal Glomeruli
Authors: JACOB CHURG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy are mutually complementary in the characterization of immune deposits in renal glomeruli. Deposits differ in [1] composition: various classes of immunoglobulins, components of complement, fibrinogen, and sometimes also specific antigens; [2] form: granular, nodular, linear; [3] location: mostly in the capillary wall (under the epithelium, under the endothelium, in the basement membrane) but sometimes also or predominantly in the mesangium; [4] ultrastructure: fine-grained, coarse-grained, "organized," virus-like. These features combine to form patterns that may be specific for particular glomerular diseases.
Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Long-Term Results of Treatment with Intensive Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy of Brief Duration
Authors: JOHN D. HAINSWORTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To determine the efficacy of a 6-month course of combination chemotherapy with hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (H-CAP) in the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma.Prospective, non-randomized, single-institution trial with a 6-month course of chemotherapy, followed by second-look laparotomy for restaging. Minimum follow-up after completion of therapy is 83 months.Fifty-five patients with advanced (stage III or IV), intermediate- or high-grade epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. Twenty patients had limited residual tumor (3 cm or less maximal tumor diameter) after initial cytoreductive surgery; 35 had extensive residual disease.All patients received chemotherapy with hexamethylmelamine (150 mg/m2 body surface area orally on days 1 to 14), cyclophosphamide (350 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8), doxorubicin (20 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8), and cisplatin (60 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1). Courses were repeated at 4-week intervals; 41 patients (75%) received six courses; 10 patients received five courses, 3 patients received four courses, and 1 patients received three courses. Forty-seven patients underwent second-look laparotomy after completion of therapy; 8 had their disease restaged clinically.Fifty-three of fifty-five patients (96%) had either partial or complete response to treatment. Nineteen of forty-seven patients who had a second-look laparotomy had a surgically documented complete response; 17 of these 19 patients began chemotherapy with limited residual tumor. Ten patients (18%) remain disease-free 83 to 108 months after therapy, whereas three additional patients died of other diseases without clinical evidence of recurrent ovarian cancer. Nine of twenty patients who began chemotherapy with limited residual tumor remain disease-free, as compared to only 1 of 35 patients with more extensive tumor (P less than 0.001). All long-term, disease-free survivors had surgically documented complete response at second-look laparotomy.Treatment with cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy after aggressive cytoreductive surgery should be considered standard treatment for advanced ovarian carcinoma. Our intensive, 6-month course of treatment produced results comparable to those previously reported with prolonged treatment.
Pandemic Influenza 1700-1900: A Study in Historical Epidemiology
Authors: Eli Gold
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Influenza remains one of the most important infectious diseases in the wealthier countries of the world. It is a major cause of sickness and, especially among the elderly, a significant cause of death; it is the only infectious disease among the ten top killers in the United States. In the Great Pandemic that swept the world near the end of World War I, an estimated 559 000 people died in the United States, about ten times the number of Americans who died in the war. Worldwide, two to three times more people died in a six-month period when influenza raged than from military action during the four years of a devastating war. Can such a dreadful catastrophe occur again? Type A influenza virus, the type associated with pandemics, has a genome made up of eight segments, which can separate, mix with the fragments of other strains of A influenza that
Abstract 1849: A novel gene-pathway regulating of microRNA mediates resistance to trastuzumab forgastric cancer.
Authors: Kojiro Eto, Masayuki Watanabe, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Recently, the efficacy of trastuzumab is indicated in patients with unresectable or recurrent HER2 positive gastric cancer from the results of ToGA trial, and trastuzumab administration was to be done in patients with gastric cancer. However, resistance to trastuzumab has become a problem in breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRs) are involved in regulating multiple cellular pathways, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and chemotherapy resistance, and thus may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressing genes. The aim of current study is to clarify the miR-gene pathway regulating resistance to trastuzumab. Method: Using 6 gastric cancer cell lines, we examined the following items in vitro. 1. We examined the status of HER2 protein expression by western blotting. 2. We focused on miR-21 and its target gene PTEN and evaluated the expression of miR-21 and PTEN in HER2 positive gastric cancer cell lines by real time PCR and western blotting. 3. We examined the expression of PTEN and downstream gene to clary the target gene of miR-21 by over or down regulation of miR-21. 4. We investigated whether miR-21-PTEN pathway can affect the resistance of trastuzumab. Result: 1.We confirmed the status of HER2 in gastric cell lines. 2. The endogenous expression of PTEN and miR-21 showed inverse correlation in each cell lines. 3. The suppression of miR-21 increased PTEN expression with downregulation of P-Akt, persisting HER2 expression. 4. Overexpression of miR-21 can induce the resistance of trastuzumab, and suppression of miR-21 can restore the sensitivity of trastuzumab. Conclusion: Our current study revealed that miR-21-PTEN pathway can regulate the sensitivity of trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastric cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that this pathway can be crucial clue to the mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab in gastric cancer. To elucidate the mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab can lead to the development of individualized treatment. Citation Format: Kojiro Eto, Masayuki Watanabe, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Hideo Baba. A novel gene-pathway regulating of microRNA mediates resistance to trastuzumab forgastric cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1849. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1849
Localization of a functional autoimmune epitope on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-2 in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: L X Fu, Y Magnusson, C H Bergh, J A Liljeqvist, F Waagstein, A Hjalmarson, J Hoebeke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

A peptide corresponding to the sequence 169-193 of the second extracellular loop of the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-2 was used as an antigen to screen sera from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM, n = 36) and healthy blood donors (HBD, n = 40). The sera from 14 patients with DCM (38.8%) and 3 HBD (7.5%) recognized the muscarinic receptor peptide at dilutions varying from 1:20 to 1:160 in ELISA. A highly significant correlation (P = 0.006) was found between the presence of antimuscarinic receptor-2 autoantibodies and anti-beta-adrenoceptor-1 autoantibodies in the patients' sera. Affinity-purified autoantibodies from positive sera of patients with DCM recognized on the electrotransferred protein of rat ventricular membrane a major band of about 80 kD. Incubation of autoantibodies with membrane resulted not only in a decrease in the maximal binding sites (Bmax) but also in an increase in Kd of radioligand binding in a concentration-dependent manner. This suggests a mixed-type of inhibition. Moreover, preincubation with atropine abolished the inhibitory effect of autoantibodies on the receptor binding whereas carbachol appeared to have no effect on the activity of the autoantibodies. These data define a subgroup of patients with idiopathic DCM who have in their sera functionally active autoantibodies against muscarinic receptor-2.
Remediable Precursors of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: JOSEPH T. DOYLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Editorials1 July 1970Remediable Precursors of Coronary Artery DiseaseJOSEPH T. DOYLE, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOSEPH T. DOYLE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-131 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUniquely among the primates certain human social groups suffer from widespread atherosclerosis of the aorta and its branches, the ischemic complications of which cause senile decay, strokes, heart attacks, and intermittent claudication. For more than a century it has been known that the composition of the atheroma is identical with that of the fats circulating in the blood plasma. Atheromatosis is the response of the arterial wall to an overload of fat. Under the driving forces of arterial pressure there is a constant outward percolation through the vascular tunics of fat and other plasma constituents that are normally returned to...Bibliography1. BONDURANT S (editor): Research on Acute Myocardial Infarction, American Heart Association Monograph No. 27, New York, The American Heart Association, 1969 Google Scholar2. SIMBORG D: The status of risk factors and coronary heart disease. J Chronic Dis 22:515-552, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOSEPH T. DOYLE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health Center Albany Medical College Albany, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrecursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death. 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1Page: 131-133KeywordsAortaAtheromasAtherosclerosisBlood plasmaBlood pressureFatsIschemic strokeMyocardial infarctionStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
The dermal dendrocyte
Authors: John T. Headington
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

In summary, the interstitial cell of the normal human dermis is one of the most highly dendritic cells found in human tissue outside the human brain. There are similar cells found in all collagen-rich tissues, and the morphologic similarities to the normal dendritic osteocyte are unmistakable. Dermal dendrocytes are found to have several cytochemical and immunocytochemical characteristics of cells common to the mononuclear macrophage system. It is likely that dermal dendrocytes are part of an immunologically competent system that is indigenous to the dermis and is either supplementary or complementary to immunologically functional cells of the epidermis. Dermal dendrocytes appear to participate in certain immunologically associated inflammatory dermatoses and are the probable cells of origin for the generic group of fibrous histiocytomas arising in dermis and other collagen-rich tissues.
Medical Management of Diabetes and Heart Disease
Authors: Charles D. Ponte
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Medical Writings: Book Notes17 September 2002Medical Management of Diabetes and Heart DiseaseCharles D. Ponte, PharmDCharles D. Ponte, PharmDDepartments of Clinical Pharmacy and Family Medicine, West Virginia University, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00038 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Sobel BE, Schneider DJ, eds. 292 pages. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2002. $125.00. ISBN 0824707451. Order phone 212-696-9000.Field of medicine: Endocrinology and cardiology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Specialists and primary care physicians who manage patients with diabetes. House officers and nonphysician providers will also find the book insightful regarding the complex link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease.Purpose: To provide the reader with an understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic heart disease, to develop risk reduction strategies, and to provide drug and nondrug management options for the common cardiovascular complications of diabetes.Content: The book contains 16 chapters. The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Family Medicine, West Virginia University, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: 554KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular therapyCoronary revascularizationEndocrinologyMetabolic syndromePolycystic ovary syndromePrimary care physiciansResearch reporting guidelinesSoftware toolsType 2 diabetes ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Syndecan-4 is a key determinant of collagen cross-linking and passive myocardial stiffness in the pressure-overloaded heart
Authors: Kate M. Herum, Ida G. Lunde, Biljana Skrbic, William E. Louch, Almira Hasic, Sigurd Boye, Andreas Unger, Sverre-Henning Brorson, Ivar Sjaastad, Theis Tønnessen, Wolfgang A. Linke, Maria F. Gomez, Geir Christensen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsDiastolic dysfunction is central to the development of heart failure. To date, there is no effective treatment and only limited understanding of its molecular basis. Recently, we showed that the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 increases in the left ventricle after pressure overload in mice and man, and that syndecan-4 via calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) promotes myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production upon mechanical stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether syndecan-4 affects collagen cross-linking and myocardial stiffening in the pressure-overloaded heart.