tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of Sirolimus- and Paclitaxel-Eluting Coronary Stents
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Jeffrey W. Moses, Stephen G. Ellis, Joachim Schofer, Keith D. Dawkins, Marie-Claude Morice, Antonio Colombo, Erick Schampaert, Eberhard Grube, Ajay J. Kirtane, Donald E. Cutlip, Martin Fahy, Stuart J. Pocock, Roxana Mehran, Martin B. Leon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The safety of drug-eluting stents has been called into question by recent reports of increased stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. Such studies have been inconclusive because of their insufficient size, the use of historical controls, a limited duration of follow-up, and a lack of access to original source data.We performed a pooled analysis of data from four double-blind trials in which 1748 patients were randomly assigned to receive either sirolimus-eluting stents or bare-metal stents and five double-blind trials in which 3513 patients were randomly assigned to receive either paclitaxel-eluting stents or bare-metal stents; we then analyzed the major clinical end points of the trials.The 4-year rates of stent thrombosis were 1.2% in the sirolimus-stent group versus 0.6% in the bare-metal-stent group (P=0.20) and 1.3% in the paclitaxel-stent group versus 0.9% in the bare-metal-stent group (P=0.30). However, after 1 year, there were five episodes of stent thrombosis in patients with sirolimus-eluting stents versus none in patients with bare-metal stents (P=0.025) and nine episodes in patients with paclitaxel-eluting stents versus two in patients with bare-metal stents (P=0.028). The 4-year rates of target-lesion revascularization were markedly reduced in both the sirolimus-stent group and the paclitaxel-stent group, as compared with the bare-metal-stent groups. The rates of death or myocardial infarction did not differ significantly between the groups with drug-eluting stents and those with bare-metal stents.Stent thrombosis after 1 year was more common with both sirolimus-eluting stents and paclitaxel-eluting stents than with bare-metal stents. Both drug-eluting stents were associated with a marked reduction in target-lesion revascularization. There were no significant differences in the cumulative rates of death or myocardial infarction at 4 years.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction
Authors: L Trautmann, L Janbazian, N Chomont, E A Said, S Gimmig, B Bessette, M-R Boulassel, E Delwart, H Sepulveda, R S Balderas, J-P Routy, E K Haddad, R-P Sekaly
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
Modulation of in vivo alloreactivity by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase.
Authors: N K Worrall, W D Lazenby, T P Misko, T S Lin, C P Rodi, P T Manning, R G Tilton, J R Williamson, T B Ferguson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The role of nitric oxide in the immune response to allogeneic tissue was explored in an in vivo cardiac transplant model in the rat. Nitric oxide production during organ rejection was demonstrated by elevations in systemic serum nitrite/nitrate levels and by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Messenger RNA for the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme was detected in the rejecting allografted heart, but not in the nonrejecting isografted heart. The enzyme was demonstrated to be biologically active by the in vitro conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline and was immunohistochemically localized to the infiltrating inflammatory cells. Treatment with aminoguanidine, a preferential inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform, prevented the increased nitric oxide production in the transplanted organ and significantly attenuated the pathogenesis of acute rejection. Aminoguanidine treatment prolonged graft survival, improved graft contractile function, and significantly reduced the histologic grade of rejection. These results suggest an important role for nitric oxide in mediating the immune response to allogeneic tissue. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase may provide a novel therapeutic modality in the management of acute transplant rejection and of other immune-mediated processes.
Defects in T-cell–mediated immunity to influenza virus in murine Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are corrected by oncoretroviral vector–mediated gene transfer into repopulating hematopoietic cells
Authors: Ted S. Strom, Stephen J. Turner, Samita Andreansky, Haiyan Liu, Peter C. Doherty, Deo Kumar Srivastava, John M. Cunningham, Arthur W. Nienhuis
Journal: Blood (2003)
Fenitrothion: toxicokinetics and toxicologic evaluation in human volunteers.
Authors: Jean Meaklim, Jinming Yang, Olaf H Drummer, Sheila Killalea, Voula Staikos, Soumela Horomidis, David Rutherford, Lisa L Ioannides-Demos, Stephen Lim, Allan J McLean, John J McNeil
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

An unblinded crossover study of fenitrothion 0.18 mg/kg/day [36 times the acceptable daily intake (ADI)] and 0.36 mg/kg/day (72 X ADI) administered as two daily divided doses for 4 days in 12 human volunteers was designed and undertaken after results from a pilot study. On days 1 and 4, blood and urine samples were collected for analysis of fenitrothion and its major metabolites, as well as plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase activities, and biochemistry and hematology examination. Pharmacokinetic parameters could only be determined at the higher dosage, as there were insufficient measurable fenitrothion blood levels at the lower dosage and the fenitrooxone metabolite could not be measured. There was a wide range of interindividual variability in blood levels, with peak levels achieved between 1 and 4 hr and a half-life for fenitrothion of 0.8-4.5 hr. Although based on the half-life, steady-state levels should have been achieved; the area under the curve (AUC)(0-12 hr) to AUC(0-(infinity) )ratio of 1:3 suggested accumulation of fenitrothion. There was no significant change in plasma or red blood cell cholinesterase activity with repeated dosing at either dosage level of fenitrothion, and there were no significant abnormalities detected on biochemical or hematologic monitoring.
Acetylcholine induces overdrive excitation in sheep Purkinje fibres
Authors: H. APFEL, M. VASSALLE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

The hypothesis that in the presence of acetylcholine overdrive may induce spontaneous repetitive activity (overdrive excitation) was tested by recording the transmembrane potentials and contractile force in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres perfused in vitro. The results were: (a) acetylcholine 10−8 to 10−4 mol·litre−1 increased the action potential duration, the diastolic depolarisation slope and amplitude, and the twitch amplitude in a dose dependent manner; (b) at concentrations of 10−5 to 10−4 mol·litre−1 the interruption of a 60 beat·min−1 drive often induced repetitive spontaneous activity which was fastest immediately after the drive, slowed gradually, and ceased abruptly when an oscillatory potential failed to attain the threshold; (c) in the presence of acetylcholine, in quiescent preparations, applying drives of different durations and at different frequencies resulted in a steeper and larger diastolic depolarisation, oscillatory potentials, and a prolonged afterdepolarisation; (d) when overdrive excitation was induced it was faster and longer after faster or longer overdrives; (e) the cessation of overdrive was often associated with an aftercontraction; (f) in me presence of acetylcholine and a high extracellular calcium concentration (10.8 mmol·litre−1) overdrive excitation was preceded by a short period of inhibition; (g) strophanthidin (5 × 10−8 mol·litre−1) facilitated acetylcholine induced overdrive excitation (wimout an initial inhibition); (h) lowering the extracellular sodium concentration (-50% NaCl) antagonised overdrive excitation; and (i) atropine 10−5 mol·litre−1 prevented acetylcholine induced overdrive excitation. It is concluded that acetylcholine induces overdrive excitation by causing a larger diastolic depolarisation, oscillatory potentials, and a transient prolonged afterdepolarisation; that overdrive excitation requires sodium as a charge carrier underlying the electrical events leading to the attainment of the threshold; and that acetylcholine induces excitation by acting on a muscarinic receptor.
Renal prostaglandin synthesis in the Goldblatt hypertensive rat.
Authors: D J Pugsley, L J Beilin, R Peto
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The role of prostaglandins in blood pressure regulation was studied in normal rats and in animals with renal artery constriction. The effects of chronic inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis on arterial pressure were observed, and renal medullary PG synthesis was measured in vitro. The prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin was given in a dose of 2 mg/kg/day by mouth to one of two groups of male Wistar rats with a unilateral renal artery constriction and the other kidney untouched, and to one of two sham-clipped groups. Systolic blood pressures were higher in indomethacin-treated clipped rats than in non-indomethacin-treated clipped animals, and at 18 days averaged 188 mm Hg (plus or minus SEM 5.9, n = 36) and 162 mm Hg (plus or minus SEM 7.6, n = 34), respectively (P less than 0.005 for data pooled from two experiments). Indomethacin did not affect pressures of sham-clipped animals treated for 40 days. Analysis of PG synthesis by gas-liquid chromatography in renal medullary slices incubated for 30 minutes in Krebs-Henseleit buffer showed: (1) 40% suppression of PGE synthesis in hypertensive animals (P less than 0.001): (2) no differences between clipped and untouched kidneys; (3) chronic indomethacin treatment did not affect PGE synthesis in the in vitro buffer system; and (4) no PGA synthesis was detected. In a further experiment in which medullary slices were incubated in plasma of rats treated with equivalent doses of indomethacin, PGE synthesis was suppressed by 35%. The experiments support the concept that prostaglandins modulate pressor mechanisms which come into play when renal blood flow is drastically reduced. The effects could be mediated by PG synthesis in the kidney and/or in other systemic vascular beds.
There's no contest: Human sex differences are sexually selected
Authors: Nicholas Pound, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract An evolutionary psychological perspective drawing on sexual selection theory can better explain sex differences in aggression and violence than can social constructionist theories. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence that, in accordance with predictions derived from sexual selection theory, men modulate their willingness to engage in risky and violent confrontations in response to cues to fitness variance and future prospects.
Anatomical Complications in General Surgery
Authors: Darvan A. Moosman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book has 323 pages of text and ten pages of index and is divided into 17 chapters covering the neck, breast, stomach, duodenum, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, small intestine, appendix, colon, rectum and anus, hernias, testis and epididymis, anterior abdominal wall incisions, peritoneum, and veins of the lower extremity. Included are 340 diagrams and illustrations along with 50 tables covering the aforementioned structures and areas. Attractive features are the schematic line illustrations, which serve to amplify and clarify the text, and a substantial number of references from the literature, which are listed at the end of each chapter.  The text reviews the didactic regional anatomy of the organs and adjacent structures, the blood supply, nerves, and lymphatics and includes a brief summary of the embryology. The anatomic complications are related, as one would expect, to adjacent structures and developmental anomalies. These are presented by lists and
“Tolerance” in Postpartum Female Mice Induced by Strain-Specific Matings2
Authors: Edward J. Breyere, Morris K. Barrett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

The resistance of BALB/c female mice to a transplanted tumor and their ability to manifest induced resistance were changed in the direction of “tolerance” as a result of previous matings to males genetically related to the tumor. A tumor of DBA/2 origin grew in a higher percentage of postpartum females that were parous by DBA/2 males than in those parous by BALB/c males or in virgins. When postpartum or virgin females were “immunized” with DBA/2 blood prior to implantation of the tumor, the tumor grew only in females parous by DBA/2 males. This effect was observed only when the breeding male and the tumor corresponded genetically, and was more pronounced in multiparous than in primiparous females. The presence or absence of the mammary-tumor milk agent in the male had no observable influence.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, MARITAL STATUS AND OUTCOMES IN HEART FAILURE: FINDINGS FROM HF-ACTION
Authors: Robert J. Mentz, Phillip Schulte, Vera Bittner, Jerome Fleg, Steven Keteyian, William Kraus, Ileana Pina, Stephen Ellis, Ann M. Swank, Mona Fiuzat, David Whellan, Christopher O'Connor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Specific Cellular Features of Atheroma Associated With Development of Neointima After Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Paolo Pauletto, Massimo Puato, Elisabetta Faggin, Nicoletta Santipolo, Valeria Pagliara, Miranda Zoleo, Giovanni Paolo Deriu, Franco Grego, Mario Plebani, Saverio Sartore, Gabriele Bittolo Bon, Christophe Heymes, Jeane-Lise Samuel, Achille Cesare Pessina
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether some cellular and molecular features of tissue retrieved at carotid endarterectomy are associated with the extent of neointima formation at ultrasound follow-up.One hundred fifty patients were studied. Endarterectomy specimens were tested by immunocytochemistry with the use of (1) monoclonal antibodies that identify smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fetal-type SMCs on the basis of smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin content, (2) the anti-macrophage HAM 56, and (3) the anti-lymphocyte CD45RO. The maximum intima-media thickness (M-IMT) of the revascularized vessel was assessed by the use of B-mode ultrasonography 6 months after surgery. The M-IMT values were related positively to the number of SMCs (r=0.534, P<0.0005) and negatively to that of macrophages and lymphocytes (r=-0.428, P<0.0005, and -0.538, P=0.001, respectively). Patients were classified as class 1 (M-IMT </=1.0 mm), class 2 (1. 0<M-IMT</=1.3 mm), and class 3 (M-IMT >1.3 mm). An abundance of SMCs, mostly of fetal type, was found in the plaque of class 3 patients, whereas lesions from class 1 patients were rich in macrophages and lymphocytes. In the multivariate analysis, factors related to M-IMT were the number of SMCs and the percentage of fetal-type SMCs present in the plaque.Although the classic risk factors did not play a role, an abundance of SMCs and a scarcity of macrophages characterized the primary lesion of patients in whom neointima developed after surgery. In patients in whom neointima did not develop, lesions were rich in macrophages and lymphocytes. This approach can be useful in defining patients at risk of restenosis.
FDA soon to license H influenzae vaccine
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The first vaccine against<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>will soon become commercially available. After at least 12 years of clinical studies, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is prepared to license a vaccine against this major cause of bacterial meningitis in children. When the vaccine is available it should enable physicians largely to avoid the problem of prescribing adequate antibiotic treatment. In recent years, a large percentage of<i>H influenzae</i>organisms have become resistant to ampicillin, the antibiotic of choice for treating these infections. In such cases, the physician has had to fall back on chloramphenicol, with its potential for bone marrow toxicity. <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b (Hib) causes an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 cases of meningitis annually in children. In addition, a similar number of cases of sepsis, epiglottidis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis are caused by this organism, points out William S. Jordan, MD, director of the microbiology and infectious
Autonomic Nervous System Responses to Personal Stressful Events in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Evie D. Tsouna-Hadjis, Dimitris N. Mitsibounas, George E. Kallergis, Dimitris A. Sideris
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1998)

Life events specific for each individual may influence the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and we wondered whether recall of such events elicits autonomic nervous system responses in patients.Thirty-one subjects with AMI, which occurred about 1 month previously (study group), and 22 healthy subjects were interviewed. Whenever the presence of a stressful event was found within the last 2 months before AMI onset, a key phrase of the event was isolated. Each subject was faced with 20 written key sentences (including his/her own sentence if detected) at random order, for 40 s each. At the same time the heart rate (HR) and the galvanic skin response (GSR) were continuously recorded. Pearson r correlations, chi 2 and t tests were employed for comparisons between study and control group as well as within each group.A recent exacerbating event was detected in 30/31 AMI patients and in 0/22 healthy subjects. For the 30 AMI patients the values of HR following the sentence of the suspected event, specific for each patient, were statistically significantly higher than the mean values of HR following the remaining 19 'neutral' statements. The same significant difference appeared with regard to GSR values. The mean values of the AMI patients for the 19 neutral statements did not differ significantly from those of the healthy subjects for the 20 neutral statements, either for HR or GSR.Findings suggest that recall of personal stressful events elicited autonomic nervous system responses in AMI patients and, therefore, events with personal significance are related to coronary disease onset.
870 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CYTOTOXIC T CELL REACTIVITY AND VIROLOGIC RELAPSE AFTER PEG- INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN END-OF-TREATMENT RESPONSE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: S. Benito, T. Parra-Cid, J. Miquel, E. Sanz-de-Villalobos, M. Calvino, M.L. García-Buey, F. González-Mateos, A. González-Praetorius, S. Albertos, J.R. Larrubia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Somatostatin receptor subtype specificity in human fetal pituitary cultures. Differential role of SSTR2 and SSTR5 for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin regulation.
Authors: I Shimon, J E Taylor, J Z Dong, R A Bitonte, S Kim, B Morgan, D H Coy, M D Culler, S Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Somatostatin (SRIF), a hypothalamic inhibitor of pituitary growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion, binds to five distinct receptor (SSTR) subtypes. We therefore tested SSTR subtype-specific SRIF analogs in primary human fetal pituitary cultures (23-25-wk gestation) to elucidate their role in regulating human pituitary function. Using reverse transcription-PCR, mRNA expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 were detected in fetal pituitary by 25 wk. SRIF analog affinities were determined by membrane radioligand binding in cells stably expressing the human SSTR forms. GH secretion was suppressed equally (40-60%, P < 0.005) by analogs preferential for either SSTR2 (IC50 for receptor binding affinity, 0.19-0.42 nM) or SSTR5 (IC50, 0.37 nM), and compounds with enhanced affinity for SSTR2 were more potent (EC50 for GH suppression, 0.05-0.09 nM) than Lanreotide (EC50, 2.30 nM) and SRIF (EC50, 0.19 nM). Similarly, analogs with high affinity for SSTR2 or SSTR5 decreased TSH secretion (30-40%, P < 0.005). However, prolactin was effectively inhibited only by compounds preferentially bound to SSTR2 (20-30%, P < 0.05). Luteinizing hormone was modestly decreased (15-20%) by SSTR2- or SSTR5-specific analogs. An SSTR5-specific analog also exclusively inhibited GH in acromegalic tumor cells. Thus, SRIF regulation of GH and TSH in primary human fetal pituitary cells is mediated by both SSTR2 and SSTR5, both of which are abundantly expressed by 25 wk. In contrast, suppression of prolactin is mediated mainly by SSTR2. These results indicate that SSTR5 is critical for physiologic regulation of GH and TSH. SRIF analogs with selective affinity for this receptor may therefore be more effective in the treatment of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas.
The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study: prevalence of cytological grades and initial histological findings.
Authors: D M Evans, B M Hibbard, J M Jones, P Sweetnam
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Among 45 266 women in the Cardiff Cervical Cytology Survey the peak prevalence of suspicious or positive smears was 11.2/1000 at age 45-50 years and of dyskaryosis 10.2/1000 at age 25-29. A suspicious or positive cytological picture at prevalence testing was associated with occult or clinical invasion in 24% of cases, and only 4% of patients with suspicious or positive smears were normal histologically. When dyskaryosis was detected in the prevalence test 20% had carcinoma in situ or microinvasion and 3% had occult or clinically invasive carcinoma. One hundred and twenty-nine (51%) women with dyskaryotic smears did not have a biopsy initially (that is, within two years of the prevalence test), but they were followed up at regular intervals. Subsequently 15 of the 129 gave smears consistently dyskaryotic or worse cytologically and were subjected to biopsy. Of these, two showed dysplasia, 12 carcinoma in situ, and one clinically invasive carcinoma. These findings emphasise the need for repeat cytological or histological examination in any woman with evidence of dyskaryosis in a cervical smear.
Histological consequences of chronic hepatitis C histometrical study on repeated liver biopsies
Authors: M KAGE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Graphene oxide was prepared from graphite using Hummer's method. Pt nanoparticles with 1.8 nm in average size are successfully obtained via in-situ Pt nanoparticles deposition onto graphene oxide (GO) using a microwave method, finally resulting in Pt-graphene (Pt-G). Water uptake of GO is increased with GO content in a Nafion/GO composite membrane due to the hydrophilic GO while that of Nafion/Pt-G composite membrane is much lower than that of Nafion/GO composite membrane. The MEAs fabricated with the Nafion/GO composite membrane show significant enhancement in cell performance: that is, 0.802 A, 1.27 A, 0.827 A at 0.6 V under 100% relative humidity (RH) for 0.5 wt%, 3.0 wt% and 4.5 wt% of GO content in the composite membrane, respectively, compared to 0.435 A for casting Nafion membrane. The Nafion/Pt-G composite membrane, however, does not show sufficient enhancement under various RHs. It is attributed to poor water retention ability of hydrophobic graphene and electron loss due to the formation of electrical network by too much Pt within the membrane. Constant open circuit voltage (OCV) down to low RH indicates that GO and graphene could be prospective as filler in low humidifying polymer electrolyte fuel cell.