tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Micturition and the mind: psychological factors in the aetiology and treatment of urinary symptoms in women.
Authors: A J Macaulay, R S Stern, D M Holmes, S L Stanton
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The mental state of 211 women attending a urodynamic clinic was assessed using questionnaires. Patients with genuine stress incontinence had scores comparable with other patients with longstanding physical complaints. Patients with sensory urgency were more anxious than those with genuine stress incontinence. Patients with detrusor instability were as anxious as patients with sensory urgency and in addition had higher scores on the hysteria scale. A subset of patients (roughly a quarter of the total) was identified, comprising members of all three diagnostic groups, for whom urinary symptoms rendered life intolerable. These patients were as anxious, depressed, and phobic as psychiatric inpatients, emphasising the serious psychological morbidity experienced by patients with urinary symptoms. Fifty patients with detrusor instability or sensory urgency entered a randomised trial comparing psychotherapy, bladder drill, and propantheline. The psychotherapy group significantly improved on measures of urgency, incontinence, and nocturia, though not on frequency. Bladder training was an effective treatment for frequency and patients became less anxious and depressed. There was a modest improvement in frequency of micturition in patients given propantheline. Frequency may be a learnt disorder which responds to the direct symptom oriented approach of bladder training. Patients with urgency and nocturia predominating might derive more benefit from psychotherapy.
How Safe Is the Food We Eat?
Authors: Herbert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In this issue of JAMA , three useful studies are presented that demonstrate the potential of transmission of bacterial enteropathogens through food vehicles destined for public consumption. In the first, 1 an impressive number of Campylobacter jejuni outbreaks were reported to be associated with drinking raw milk (the outbreaks were most common among young children during school functions). In the second, 2 a multistate outbreak of Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg was caused by contaminated cheese from a single manufacturing plant. In the third, 3 an extensive Shigella outbreak occurred as a result of consumption of contaminated cold sandwiches prepared in an airline flight kitchen and served on a commercial air carrier. The fact that the airline-associated illness involved a professional football team brought the outbreak to the attention of the health authorities.  See also pp 3203, 3208, and 3228.  While the reported outbreaks relate to different bacterial enteropathogens and vehicles
The left ventricular mechanoreceptor reflex: characterisation of the afferent pathway
Authors: R. W EMERY, J. A ESTRIN, G. M WAHLER, I. J FOX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

To determine if the afferent, vagal pathway of the left ventricular (LV) mechanoreceptor reflex is bilaterally symmetrical, a working left ventricle was devised in pneumonectomised dogs on total cardiac by-pass in which the coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately, the systemic being perfused at a constant rate so that changes in pressure reflected changes in resistance. The ventro-lateral cervical cardiac nerve (VLCCN), a sympathetic nerve to the heart, was stimulated electrically to increase myocardial contractility, changes in which initiate directionally opposite changes in the systemic resistance via the LV mechanoreceptor reflex. Increasing contractility by electrical stimulation of the VLCCN caused a 14 ± 1% decrease in the systemic arterial pressure or resistance. This decrease in resistance was attenuated or abolished by left or bilateral vagotomy but largely unaffected by right vagotomy, indicating that the afferent arm of the LV mechanoreceptor reflex is predominantly carried by the left vagus, under physiological conditions. However, the massive discharge initiated by the act of sectioning either vagus nerve, a near-maximal, unphysiological stimulus, elicited a 27 to 28% decrease in the systemic resistance, indicating that afferent fibres of either vagus central to the site of the section have equal access to inhibit the vasomotor centres and that the difference between the vagi when activated more physiologically lies in their connections to the LV mechanoreceptors. The absence of a biphasic response consisting of an increase followed by a decrease in contractility following electrical stimulation of the VLCCN, as well as the fact that the magnitude of the increase in contractility from such stimulation after bilateral vagotomy was similar to that prior to vagotomy, indicate that when the LV mechanoreceptor reflex, which plays an important permissive role in exercise, is initiated physiologically, negative feedback mechanisms decreasing myocardial contractility below control are not set up in our animal model. The absence of such negative feedback may make prolonged, vigorous exercise possible.
Risk of Death From Prostate Cancer After Brachytherapy Alone or With Radiation, Androgen Suppression Therapy, or Both in Men With High-Risk Disease
Authors: Anthony V. D'Amico, Brian J. Moran, Michelle H. Braccioforte, Daniel Dosoretz, Sharon Salenius, Michael Katin, Rudi Ross, Ming-Hui Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose We estimated the risk of prostate cancer (PC) –specific mortality (PCSM) after brachytherapy alone or in conjunction with androgen suppression therapy (AST), external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT), or both in men with high-risk PC. Patients and Methods The study cohort comprised 1,342 men with a prostate-specific antigen level more than 20 ng/mL and clinical T3 or 4 and/or Gleason score 8 to 10 disease. Competing risks multivariable regression was performed to estimate the risk of PCSM in men treated with brachytherapy alone or with supplemental AST, EBRT, or both, adjusting for age, year of treatment, and known PC prognostic factors. Results Despite higher baseline probabilities of PCSM after a median follow-up of 5.1 years, there was a significant reduction in the risk of PCSM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.73; P = .006) in men treated with brachytherapy and both AST and EBRT as compared with neither. When compared with brachytherapy alone, a significant decrease in the risk of PCSM was not observed in men treated with either supplemental AST (AHR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.47; P = .28) or EBRT (AHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.21 to 1.52; P = .26). There was a near-significant reduction (AHR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.07; P = .079) in the risk of PCSM in men treated with tri- as compared with bimodality therapy. Conclusion Supplemental AST and EBRT but not either supplement compared with brachytherapy alone was associated with a decreased risk of PCSM in men with high-risk PC.
Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes Involved in the Formation of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids by HT-29 Colon Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Kleomenis Dardousis, Chris Voolstra, Monic Roengvoraphoj, Asieb Sekandarzad, Senait Mesghenna, Johannes Winkler, Yon Ko, Jürgen Hescheler, Agapios Sachinidis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model represents a suitable in vitro model recreating in vivo tumor formation. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes that could potentially serve as predictive gene markers for MCTS and be involved in the formation of MCTS. Using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method, we identified ERBB2/HER2-interacting protein (Erbin), Tumor rejection gp96 (Tr-gp96), 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA), ATP synthase, Kruppel-like transcription factor 5 (KLF5), transcription factor-like 5 (TCFL5), and the dual-specificity phosphatase 11 (DUSP11) to be overexpressed in 3-day-old HT-29 colon carcinoma MCTSs compared to HT-29 colon carcinoma cells grown in monolayer. We could also confirm overexpression of these genes in HT-29 MCTSs and in MCTSs formed by the human glioblastoma tumor cell lines U343 MG, U373 MG, and DBTRG 05 MG. Knockdown of KLF5, Erbin, DUSP11, and TCFL5 was effectively achieved after transfection of HT-29 cells with the appropriate short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and correlated with a significant inhibition of MCTS formation in the case of KLF5, Erbin, and TCFL5 siRNAs. We suggest that KLF5, Erbin, and TCFL5 are essential for MCTS formation and play a key role in the development of tumor diseases.
Incidence of post-abortion psychosis: a prospective study.
Authors: C Brewer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Twenty-one cunsultant psychiatrists participated in a prospective study of post-abortion psychosis among a population of 1 333 000 people. During the 15-month study only a single case was reported, concerning a woman who had a history of two previous attacks of puerperal psychosis. The incidence of post-abortion psychosis was 0-3 per 1000 legal abortions. The incidence of puerperal psychosis, which was also studied as an index of validity, was 1-7 per 1000 deliveries. This conforms with currently accepted figures and indicates that the study population was representative. I suggest that physiological changes, which are probably more profound after childbirth than after abortion, may be responsible for the higher incidence of puerperal psychosis.
Abstract 900: Chemoresistance is induced by butyrate in colon cancer cells.
Authors: Soo-jeong Lim, Hyeon Gyeom Choi, Chae Kyung Jeon, So Hee Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose. Butyric acid is a short chain fatty acid produced naturally by fermentation of dietary fiber in the colonic mucosa. It is known to play an important role in preventing the initiation and the progression of colon cancer by suppressing the proliferation of cancer cells. However, some colon cancer still develops and progresses to a more malignant and chemoresistant one despite of the presence of butyric acid. The present study was undertaken to investigate a possibility of butyrate-involved mechanism by which the colon cancer cells acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Methods. Human HCT116 colon cancer cells were exposed to progressively increasing concentrations of butyrate for three months to establish a colon cancer cell line with acquired resistance to butyrate. After obtaining butyrate-resistant cells, the sensitivity against multiple chemotherapeutic drugs were compared between parental and butyrate-resistant cells. The expression of proteins related to chemotherapeutic response was also compared by immunoblotting analysis. Results. Butyrate-resistant HCT116 cancer cell lines could be established by culturing cells in the presence of butyrate up to 0.8 mM concentration. The concentrations inhibiting the cell growth by 50% (IC50) of butyrate was 0.62 and 4.56 mM in parental and butyrate-resistant HCT116 cells. Butyrate-resistant HCT116 cells were also resistant to widely used chemotherapeutic drugs: the IC50 after paclitaxel, doxorubicin or 5-FU treatment were 2.10-, 3.98- and 1.6-fold higher in butyrateresistant cells compared with parental cells. The expression of multidrug resistance-related proteins that function as drug efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 were not changed at protein level. Among the apoptosis-involved proteins, the expression of anti-apoptotic BcL-2 protein was increased while that of proapoptotic BAD protein was reduced in butyrate-resistant cells, suggesting that the above chemoresistance was associated with cellular resistance to apoptosis. Conclusion.Our data herein suggests that the colon cancer cell grown in the presence of butyric acid may acquire resistance to apoptotic cell death and thus lead to resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Citation Format: Soo-jeong Lim, Hyeon Gyeom Choi, Chae Kyung Jeon, So Hee Kim. Chemoresistance is induced by butyrate in colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 900. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-900
Cigarette smoke can activate the alternative pathway of complement in vitro by modifying the third component of complement.
Authors: R R Kew, B Ghebrehiwet, A Janoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Cigarette smoking is associated with significant increases in the number of pulmonary mononuclear phagocytes and neutrophils. A potent chemoattractant for these cells is C5a, a peptide generated during complement (C) activation. We, therefore, investigated the possibility that cigarette smoke could activate the complement system in vitro. Our results show that factor(s) (mol wt less than 1,000) present in an aqueous solution of whole, unfiltered cigarette smoke can deplete the hemolytic capacity of whole human serum in a dose-dependent manner. The particle-free, filtered gas phase of cigarette smoke is inactive. The smoke factor(s) do not activate serum C1, but do deplete serum C4 activity. Treatment of purified human C3 with whole smoke solution modifies the molecule such that its subsequent addition to serum (containing Mg/EGTA to block the classical pathway) results in consumption of hemolytic complement by activation of the alternative pathway. Smoke-modified C3 shows increased anodal migration in agarose electrophoresis, but this is not due to proteolytic cleavage of the molecule as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast to methylamine-treated C3, C3 treated with smoke is only partially susceptible to the action of the complement regulatory proteins Factors H and I. In addition, smoke-modified C3 has diminished binding to Factor H as compared with methylamine-treated C3. Finally, smoke-modified C3 incorporates [14C]methylamine which suggests that the thiolester bond may be intact. These data indicate that aqueous whole cigarette smoke solution can modify C3 and activate the alternative pathway of complement, perhaps by a previously unrecognized mechanism. Should this occur in vivo, complement activation might partly account for the extensive pulmonary leukocyte recruitment observed in smokers.
New Technics and Materials in Upper-Extremity Prosthetics
Authors: Augustus Thorndike
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE Government's research program in the fields of prosthetic appliances and sensory aids authorized by Public Law 729 of the 80th Congress (1948) includes the authority to appropriate up to $1,000,000 a year. This program is a joint undertaking of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Veterans Administration, under the supervision of the appropriate committees of the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences. Public Law 729 designates the Veterans Administration as the agency responsible for administering the program. When it is considered that $5,500,000 has been expended in this program during the past seven years, it is . . .
THE ETIOLOGY, MORBID ANATOMY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INFANTILE HERNIA; OF THE INGUINAL TYPE IN THE MALE.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: THOS. H. MANLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

A fully developed hernia is rarely met with at birth; though the conditions favorable to the evolution of it always exist at this time in the male. When infantile-hernia is met with, it may appear in divers situations; in the simple or complicated forms, single or double; with or without pain. Inguinal hernia in the male child, is commonly associated with ectopia of the testis. Dr. Wm. T. Bull has said that when a male child is sent to him with hernia, one of the first things he does is to look for the testicle. When hernia appears under the first year, a common impression prevails that it comes from excessive crying, and when, later one takes his feet, the evolution of the infirmity is charged to injury. As soon as a hernia is discovered the parent, filled with alarm and knowing that a mass is outside the abdominal-cavity, which
Diatom silica microparticles for sustained release and permeation enhancement following oral delivery of prednisone and mesalamine
Authors: Hongbo Zhang, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Ermei M. Mäkilä, Tiago H. da Silva, Rui L. Reis, Jarno J. Salonen, Jouni T. Hirvonen, Hélder A. Santos
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Cost keeps one in 10 Canadians from filling prescription
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The first analysis of cost related non-adherence has found that 9.6% of Canadians did not fill a new prescription, did not renew it once the drugs had been used, or that they spread out taking the pills because of the cost. The patterns of non-adherence along lines of income and insurance coverage mirrored those seen in similar studies in the United States.

The Canada Health Act requires provinces to provide universal public insurance for medically necessary hospital and doctor services, but it does not include the cover of outpatient prescription drugs.

Although private and public insurance cover for prescription drugs …
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF 1-HYDRAZINOPHTHALAZINE IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION 1
Authors: George G. Rowe, John H. Huston, George M. Maxwell, Archer P. Crosley, Charles W. Crumpton, Beryl Welch, Audrey Peterson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

SA rate MABP MABP resp.cons.cons.Vol.%
Parenteral Nutrition — Is It Helpful?
Authors: Allan S. Detsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The belief that hospitalized patients will benefit from parenteral nutritional support is based on a body of indirect evidence. Malnutrition is common among hospitalized patients, particularly those whose ability to digest and absorb oral or enterally delivered nutrition is interrupted by surgery. There is a consistent relation between poor nutritional status and the risk of complications, such as poor wound healing and infection. Moreover, nutritional support can prevent malnutrition or improve the nutritional status of those who are malnourished. It therefore seems logical to assume that parenteral nutritional support reduces the risk of complications associated with malnutrition. As a result, . . .
Rising burden of gout in the UK but continuing suboptimal management: a nationwide population study
Authors: Chang-Fu Kuo, Matthew J Grainge, Christian Mallen, Weiya Zhang, Michael Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To describe trends in the epidemiology of gout and patterns of urate-lowering treatment (ULT) in the UK general population from 1997 to 2012. <h3>Methods</h3> We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink to estimate the prevalence and incidence of gout for each calendar year from 1997 to 2012. We also investigated the pattern of gout management for both prevalent and incident gout patients. <h3>Results</h3> In 2012, the prevalence of gout was 2.49% (95% CI 2.48% to 2.51%) and the incidence was 1.77 (95% CI 1.73 to 1.81) per 1000 person-years. Prevalence and incidence both were significantly higher in 2012 than in 1997, with a 63.9% increase in prevalence and 29.6% increase in incidence over this period. Regions with highest prevalence and incidence were the North East and Wales. Among prevalent gout patients in 2012, only 48.48% (95% CI 48.08% to 48.89%) were being consulted specifically for gout or treated with ULT and of these 37.63% (95% CI 37.28% to 38.99%) received ULT. In addition, only 18.6% (95% CI 17.6% to 19.6%) of incident gout patients received ULT within 6 months and 27.3% (95% CI 26.1% to 28.5%) within 12 months of diagnosis. The management of prevalent and incident gout patients remained essentially the same during the study period, although the percentage of adherent patients improved from 28.28% (95% CI 27.33% to 29.26%) in 1997 to 39.66% (95% CI 39.11% to 40.22%) in 2012. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In recent years, both the prevalence and incidence of gout have increased significantly in the UK. Suboptimal use of ULT has not changed between 1997 and 2012. Patient adherence has improved during the study period, but it remains poor.
Detection of Cardiac Abnormality by Clinical Measurement of Left Ventricular Ejection Time
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was measured without prior knowledge of clinical data from the carotid pulse curves of 200 unselected patients. Plotted against heart rate, LVET was abnormally low in 77 of 97 patients with heart disease; it was normal in 92 of 103 noncardiac patients. A regression equation for ejection time vs heart rate for the noncardiac patients differed from the equation for healthy ambulant persons, indicating that "hospital normals" differ from individuals free of any recognizable illness. The clear separation of most "normals" from "abnormals" by blindly determined LVET tends to confirm results of previous studies demonstrating that technically good curves can be measured accurately at electrocardiographic paper speed (25 mm/sec). Left ventricular ejection time appears to be a simple, nontraumatic screening test for cardiac malfunction which can be applied by physicians or ECG technicians.
Are trials of vitamin D with mortality as an endpoint really needed?
Authors: Mark J Bolland, Andrew Grey
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In a patient level meta-analysis of observational studies, Schottker and colleagues report that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with a 50% increase in mortality, mostly in people with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below the median.1 These results are similar to earlier study level meta-analyses of observational studies.2 Because results from observational studies may not adequately account for confounding and cannot be used to …
Ubiquitination is associated with lysosomal degradation of cell surface-resident ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) through the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway
Authors: Tadahaya Mizuno, Hisamitsu Hayashi, Sotaro Naoi, Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role in the biogenesis of high-density lipoprotein in liver and in the prevention of foam cell formation in macrophages by mediating the efflux of cellular cholesterol and phospholipids to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). Our current study investigated the mechanism of degradation of cell surface-resident ABCA1, focusing on ubiquitination. A coimmunoprecipitation study indicated the presence of ubiquitinated ABCA1 in the plasma membrane of the human hepatoma cell line, HuH-7, of cells from mouse liver, and of macrophages differentiated from the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line, THP-1 (THP-1 macrophages). In HuH-7 cells, degradation of cell surface-resident ABCA1 was inhibited by the overexpression of a dominant-negative form of ubiquitin. Moreover, the disruption of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway, a dominant mechanism for ubiquitination-mediated lysosomal degradation, by the knockdown of hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS), significantly delayed the degradation of cell surface-resident ABCA1. This was accompanied by an increase in ABCA1 expression as well as in apoA-I-mediated [3H]-cholesterol efflux function. The effect of HRS knockdown was also observed after calpain inhibitor treatment, which is reported to retard ABCA1 degradation. The induction of ABCA1 by HRS knockdown was confirmed in THP-1 macrophages.Together with the fact that lysosomal inhibitor treatments increased ABCA1 expression in HuH-7 and THP-1 macrophages, these results suggest that ubiquitination mediates the lysosomal degradation of cell surface-resident ABCA1 through the ESCRT pathway, and thereby controls the expression and cholesterol efflux function of ABCA1. This mechanism seems to mediate ABCA1 degradation independently of the calpain-involving pathway. The modulation of ABCA1 ubiquitination could thus be a potential new therapeutic target for antiatherogenic drugs.