tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflamed retrocalcaneal bursa and Achilles tendonitis in psoriatic arthritis demonstrated by ultrasonography
Authors: P V Balint
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To demonstrate the use of high resolution ultrasound measurements and power Doppler mode in the diagnosis and follow up of a patient with psoriatic arthritic with retrocalcaneal bursitis and Achilles tendonitis. <h3>METHODS</h3> An outpatient based ATL HDI 3000 ultrasound equipment was used with a CL10–5 MHZ 26 mm probe and musculoskeletal software. Real time B mode and power Doppler mode were used to detect changes in structure and blood flow. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Unilateral retrocalcaneal bursitis and Achilles tendonitis were demonstrated by sonography. Power Doppler mode was useful to demonstrate an increased blood flow around an abnormal retrocalcaneal bursa. A follow up examination showed marginal thickening of the Achilles tendon without any bursitis. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Ultrasonography is an objective method in the confirmation of clinical diagnosis after physical examination. During the examination it is possible to gain not only qualitative but also quantitative data. A comparative study with quantitative data is possible in longitudinal studies.
Famine and disease threaten millions in drought hit Horn of Africa
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The humanitarian crisis in the drought hit Horn of Africa deepened on 20 July when the UN declared that famine is now affecting two regions of Southern Somalia and has already killed tens of thousands of people in recent months.

The agency warned that the situation could worsen unless urgent action is taken, putting at risk 3.7 million people in the country, including 640 000 malnourished children out of 2.8 million people in urgent need of aid. Famine is declared if at least 20% of households face extreme food shortages, global acute malnutrition rates exceed 30%, and crude death rates exceed two per 10 000 per day. The areas affected in Southern Somalia are southern Bakool and Lower Shabelle.

Dermot Carty, deputy director for emergency programmes at Unicef, told reporters: “This famine is a children’s famine: children are the most vulnerable to this crisis.” There are already 310 000 children with severe acute malnutrition (when a …
Suppresive effect of loratadine on allergen‐induced histamine release in the nose
Authors: M. Andersson, H. Nolte, C. Baumgarten, U. Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1991)

It has been speculated whether the recently developed non‐sedating antihistamines may possess other properties than merely being antagonists at the H 1 ‐receptors. To investigate this suggestion 12 patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis participated in a double‐blind placebo controlled randomized cross‐over study outside the pollen season. At steady state levels of 10 mg loratadine, a new non‐sedating antihistamine, the patients were challenged with methacholine. This was followed by a nasal challenge with increasing doses of allergen. 24 h later the patients were rechallenged nasally with the same methacholine dose as the day before. The volume of the methacholine‐induced nasal secretion was measured and the response to allergen was determined by scoring technique. In returned nasal lavage fluid the levels of histamine and TAME‐esterase activity were measured. It was found that loratadine significantly reduced the immediate allergic nasal symptoms compared with placebo (P &lt; 0.01). Loratadine also reduced the allergen‐induced release of histamine into the nasal cavity after the strongest allergen dose, from 9.6±1.5 (mean ± SEM) to 6.4±1.4 ng/ml (P &lt; 0.05). A similar decrease in the TAME‐esterase activity after treatment with loratadine was observed. The TAME‐esterase activity decreased from 11.6 *10 3 ±2.47 *10 3 to 5.60 *10 3 ±1.45 */10 3 CMP (P &lt; 0.05). There were no significant changes between the active and placebo treatments regarding the methacholine‐induced secretory response. This was true for the initial methacholine challenge as well as the secretory response 24 h later. This study shows that loratadine is an effective drug in the suppression of immediate allergic nasal symptoms. One of the beneficial effects of this drug could be a reduction in allergen‐induced histamine release. A finding which further implicates that antihistamines may possess other effects than just a blocking of the H 1 ‐receptor.
Public Health Interventions to Encourage TB Class A/B1/B2 Immigrants to Present for TB Screening
Authors: EVA K. CATLOS, MICHAEL F. CANTWELL, GULSHAN BHATIA, SONJA GEDIN, JULIEANN LEWIS, JANET C. MOHLE-BOETANI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

From 1985 to 1995 the proportion of all Santa Clara County, California (SCC), tuberculosis (TB) cases among recent immigrants climbed 73% (137 to 237). In SCC the efficient and cost-effective means encouraging TB Class A/B1/B2 immigrants (TBIMs) to present for TB screening and the prevalence of active TB among them were never investigated. We studied all TBIMs entering SCC from October 1, 1995 to June 30, 1996, notified to SCC by the CDC's Division of Quarantine (DQ). Encouraging TBIMs to seek TB screening, we sent letters to them promptly on the DQ notification, followed sequentially by phone calls and home visits. We determined the outcome of screening and its cost. We screened 314 of 323 (97.2%) TBIMs including 79 of 323 TBIMs who presented prior to interventions, 213 of 314 (87.3%) who responded to letters, 17 (7%) to phone calls, and 5 (2%) to home visits. Of 283 TBIMs screened 16 (5.7%) had active TB. To locate one TBIM cost $9.90 by letter, $43.25 by phone, and $129.88 by home visit. Locating one TB case cost $175.88 by letter, $696.26 by phone call. The prevalence of active TB in TBIMs is high. Our interventions resulted in low-cost TB screening and high-yield identification of active TB cases. We recommended that health departments develop a system for encouraging TBIMs to present for prompt TB screening.
Starting Earlier to Prevent Heart Disease
Authors: Henry C. McGill, C. Alex McMahan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3839: Development of a 3-dimensional synthetic lethality screening approach targeting KRas-mut cells.
Authors: Toshiya Tsuji, Lisa M. Sapinoso, I-Lin Lin, Shuichan Xu, John F. Boylan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models have been used in cancer research to overcome limitations of 2D systems. 3D in vitro models recapitulate many aspects of actual tumors including hypoxia, metabolism, proliferation gradients, cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and closer clinical gene expression profiles than those seen in 2D. Importantly, some cancer drugs showed high potency only in the 3D environment compared to 2D (Muranen, et al, Cancer Cell, 2012). In order to identify improved cancer drugs, we established a simple and versatile 3D spheroid culture approach for high-throughput screening for compounds that selectively kill cancer cells with certain genetic backgrounds. We used HCT116 (parental: HCT116/KRas-mut) and an isogenic counterpart that expresses a genetically modified KRas gene (HCT116/KRas-wt) for 3D cell culture. To validate this approach, HCT116/KRas-mut and HCT116/KRas-wt were cultured separately, treated with 15 selected tool compounds and viability was measured using a caspase 3/7 assay. We found 4 compounds that induced caspase 3/7 activity only in 3D culture of HCT116/KRas-mut and not in 2D. Furthermore, 5 compounds were predominantly sensitive to HCT116/KRas-wt cells in 3D culture, but not in HCT116/KRas-mut 3D culture. These results indicate that the more physiological relevant 3D synthetic lethal screen is an attractive approach to cancer drug discovery and may identify compounds missed in conventional 2D culture model screens. Citation Format: Toshiya Tsuji, Lisa M. Sapinoso, I-Lin Lin, Shuichan Xu, John F. Boylan. Development of a 3-dimensional synthetic lethality screening approach targeting KRas-mut cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3839. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3839
Adjustable Gastric Banding and Conventional Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: John B. Dixon, Paul E. O’Brien, Julie Playfair, Leon Chapman, Linda M. Schachter, Stewart Skinner, Joseph Proietto, Michael Bailey, Margaret Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Observational studies suggest that surgically induced loss of weight may be effective therapy for type 2 diabetes.To determine if surgically induced weight loss results in better glycemic control and less need for diabetes medications than conventional approaches to weight loss and diabetes control.Unblinded randomized controlled trial conducted from December 2002 through December 2006 at the University Obesity Research Center in Australia, with general community recruitment to established treatment programs. Participants were 60 obese patients (BMI >30 and <40) with recently diagnosed (<2 years) type 2 diabetes.Conventional diabetes therapy with a focus on weight loss by lifestyle change vs laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with conventional diabetes care.Remission of type 2 diabetes (fasting glucose level <126 mg/dL [7.0 mmol/L] and glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] value <6.2% while taking no glycemic therapy). Secondary measures included weight and components of the metabolic syndrome. Analysis was by intention-to-treat.Of the 60 patients enrolled, 55 (92%) completed the 2-year follow-up. Remission of type 2 diabetes was achieved by 22 (73%) in the surgical group and 4 (13%) in the conventional-therapy group. Relative risk of remission for the surgical group was 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.2-14.0). Surgical and conventional-therapy groups lost a mean (SD) of 20.7% (8.6%) and 1.7% (5.2%) of weight, respectively, at 2 years (P < .001). Remission of type 2 diabetes was related to weight loss (R2 = 0.46, P < .001) and lower baseline HbA1c levels (combined R2 = 0.52, P < .001). There were no serious complications in either group.Participants randomized to surgical therapy were more likely to achieve remission of type 2 diabetes through greater weight loss. These results need to be confirmed in a larger, more diverse population and have long-term efficacy assessed.actr.org Identifier: ACTRN012605000159651.
Address in Surgery, ON REALINEMENTS IN GREATER MEDICINE: THEIR EFFECT UPON SURGERY AND THE INFLUENCE OF SURGERY UPON THEM: Delivered before the Seventeenth International Congress of Medicine
Authors: H. Gushing
Journal: BMJ (1913)

liver abscess.Later, followilng Vedde-'s experiments, for ipecacuanha itself he substituted one of its alkaloids, eiuetin (or rather emetin hydroclhloride), and lhe achieved the greatest success in curing quickly and entirely the intes- tinal and hepatic forms of amoebic dysentery.Whereas in dysenteries of equal gravity the deatlh-rate for tlle cases treated with powdered ipecacuanha was 34.6 per 1,000, with emetin it is reduced to 8 per 1,000.With ipecacuanlha the average duration of the treatment was 16.4 days, with emetin it has dropped to 7.2 days.As for dysenteric abscess of the liver treated by emetin injections, both hypoder- mically and in the abscess cavity, results have been no less favourable, and a cure is effected with astonishing ease and swiftness.The numerous cases reported by Rogers, those observed since in the Philippines and in Paris, can leave no doubt about the fact that, thanks to Rogers, a new specific therapy is born.It is one of tlle most active known, and suclh an acquisition is an inestimable benefit, a splendid therapeutical triumph.Here, then, is another disease and a grave one, tlle prognosis of which has bcen entirely modified in a remarkably slhort time.If from infections we pass to the other groups of disease progress seems less brilliant, and the future possibilities appear to be more limited.The study of the disturbances of nutritional metabolism brings us face to face with causes more obscure, that act more slowly, and that are less favourable to tllerapeutic intervention.And yet, lhere again, our modern conquests are innumerable.Of these, we may mention organotherapy, dietetic treatment, and physical therapeutics.Everywhere disease is falling back before the ceaseless efforts of tlherapeutics and hygiene; everywhere prognosis is undergoing an evolution and lholding out freslh hopes.The L)imitations of Medical Prognosis.The foregoing consideration of a few of tlle general aspects of tllat great subject-medical prognosis-would appear to lead us to a very lhopeful concllusion.Yet to this, as to all branches of hunman knowledge, there arc limitations that we must not lose sight of, and that are calculated to humble, if needs be, our medical pride and to bring it down to a suitable degree of modesty.WVhat, then, are the liVaitations of medical prognosis?An essential distinction must here be made between 'theoretical and clinical prognosis.Theoretically almost everything is known to us.In a given disease we can enumerate and describe, without serious risk of omission or error, most of the complications or contingencies tllat may modify its course.But all that is book prognosis, far removed-unfortunately-from the living and individual prognosis, which relates not to a disease but to a patient.How many are the unknown quantities in medical practice, and how many the' surprises!How little' does it avail to
Patient Profile of an Otolaryngologic Emergency Department
Authors: Mark S. Granick, Robert D. Obeiter
Journal: JAMA (1983)

An epidemiologic analysis is presented of the utilization patterns of an emergency department (ED) that treats otolaryngologic diseases. Descriptive data are collated and cross-tabulated from 2,504 patient contacts occurring during an eight-month period. Most patients use the facility as their primary physician contact during usual business hours. Most patients complain of an ear problem, and two thirds of the patients have one of 12 common disorders. The cost-effectiveness of an independent specialty ED is evaluated.
Abnormal changes in DNA content of human hepatocytes in liver diseases: A flow cytometric analysis on liver biopsies
Authors: M. Anti, G. Marra, C. Rumi, G.L. Rapaccini, S. Bussa, F. Armelao, M. Pompili, A. Percesepe, R. Ficarelli, I. De Vitis, F.M. Vecchio, P.L. Puggioni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
NICE faces legal challenge over restriction on dementia drugs
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the body that decides what treatments are supplied on the NHS in England and Wales, is facing a High Court challenge to its decision to restrict the use of drugs for Alzheimer's disease. 

NICE rejected an appeal by drug companies in October over its guidance stating that patients with early or late stage Alzheimer's disease should not have access to donepezil (Aricept), galantamine (Reminyl), or rivastigmine (Exelon) ( BMJ 2006;333:165). 

The US drug company Pfizer and a Japanese biotechnology company, Eisai, …
Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde: Ein kurzgefasstes Handbuch in drei Bänden.
Authors: Francis L. Lederer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This handbook of otolaryngology consists of three volumes, each volume subdivided into two or more parts. It has been written to replace the classical handbook of ear, nose and throat disease by Denker and Kahler, which appeared in nine volumes (1925-28). Part I of Volume II has been compiled by 11 well-known authors on various subjects. The organization of this book, which includes a large number of subjects on otolaryngology, renders it excellent as a reference work and the subject matter is well documented. The chapters are logically constructed from embryologic, anatomic, physiological, pathophysiologic, and diagnostic standpoints, and the various forms of treatment are creditably presented. The book follows proved, traditional concepts of European medicine. All chapters are well written, illustrated by diagrams, tables, drawings, and black and white photographic illustrations. Reproductions of histological slides are generally clear and precise. As is required for a handbook, its chapters cover the
ASTHMA MORTALITY IN SWEDEN AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS DURING THE PERIOD 1952–1972
Authors: VIGGO GRAFF‐LONNEVIG, SVEN KRAEPELIEN
Journal: Allergy (1976)

Asthma mortality in Sweden during the period of 1952-1972 in the age-group of 1-24 years, comprising a total of 183 cases, has been studied. As compared with the 1950's, there is a conspicuous increase in the number of deaths during the greater part of the sixties, reaching a maximum in 1967. Since then the mortality has shown a marked decrease. Further, a trend towards an averagely higher age at death has been ascertained in the latter part of the investigation period. The factors underlying the conspicuous variations in mortality rate were discussed. It was emphasized that the abuse of sympathomimetics in pressurized aerosols could not be accepted as the one and only cause. In all probability, the increase in the mortality during the 1960's can be attributed to a number of factors.
Effects of New 1993 Criteria for Classification of AIDS
Authors: James F. Fries
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —On January 1,1993, the revised classification system for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and expanded surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) went into effect.<sup>1</sup>With the new criteria, individuals with a CD4 cell count of less than 0.20×10<sup>9</sup>/L (200/μL) or a CD4 percentage of less than 14% are classified as having AIDS even in the absence of a defining opportunistic infection or indicator disease. The list of defining conditions was augmented by inclusion of pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and cervical cancer. Many implications for insurance coverage, clinic eligibility, and other social factors, as well as medical ones, result from this change. For example, it may be anticipated that survival for AIDS patients will artificially increase, and the point prevalence of disability and decreased quality of life in AIDS patients will become somewhat less. It is important to recognize the magnitude of these
Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages
Authors: John Muendel
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>Sexuality and Medicine in the Middle Ages</i>, which originally appeared in 1985 under the title<i>Sexualité et savoir médical au Moyen Age</i>(Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France), is a unique presentation with essentially three themes. On the general level, there is the attempt by the authors to show how the discipline of medicine in medieval Western Europe adapted itself to the prevailing theological attitudes regarding human sexuality. More specifically, a second theme deals with the ancestral fear of women experienced by the Western European male because of his anxiety concerning the sexual act. The influence of Arabic culture, whose approach to copulation was far more open and erotic than that of the West, represents a third theme, one that has a distinct bearing on the resolution of the previous two. In dealing with the first of these themes, Jacquart and Thomasset return to the<i>Etymologies</i>of Isidore of Seville
Transmission of Zidovudine-Resistant HIV During a Bloody Fight
Authors: Giuseppe Ippolito
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We report a case of probable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission during a bloody fight. The source patient (subject 1) was a 29-year-old former intravenous drug user, HIV-positive since 1989, treated with zidovudine from December 1989 to December 1990, and diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) in June 1991. In February 1992 his CD4<sup>+</sup>lymphocyte cell count was 0.032×10<sup>9</sup>/L(32/μL), and he was classified as having AIDS dementia. His brother (subject 2) was 27 years old and had no known risk factors for HIV. On February 29,1992, during a disagreement in the house where both subjects were living, subject 2 attacked subject 1 by repeatedly banging his forehead against the face and forehead of subject 1. Injuries to subject 1 included a nasal hemorrhage that bled profusely and laceration of the central forehead requiring sutures. Subject 2 sustained a supraorbital laceration of the right
Echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of symptomatic aortic valve stenosis in infants.
Authors: J C Huhta, L A Latson, H P Gutgesell, D A Cooley, D L Kearney
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Infants with severe aortic valve stenosis often are critically ill and require urgent surgical treatment. Currently, angiography is used at the time of cardiac catheterization to diagnose aortic valve stenosis. However, the use of this test may be hazardous in an unstable infant and may precipitate hemodynamic and clinical deterioration before surgery. Therefore, a noninvasive method of accurately making this diagnosis would be useful in that it would allow the risks of cardiac catheterization to be avoided. Between January 1982 and September 1983, 10 infants with critically severe aortic valve stenosis and intact ventricular septum were examined by echocardiography. There were no false-positive or negative results in this time period and several criteria for the noninvasive diagnosis of critical aortic valve stenosis were recognized. These included immobile aortic valve cusps and left ventricular hypertrophy with increased echo density of the left ventricular papillary muscles and mitral valve support apparatus. Patients without other aortic obstruction had poststenotic dilation of the ascending aorta, as evidenced by a ratio of the diameter of the ascending aorta to that of aortic valve anulus greater than 1.7. A disturbed Doppler velocity signal in the ascending aorta supported the presence of valvar stenosis. Nine patients underwent cardiac surgery and five survived. In five patients surgery was performed without angiographic examination. The correct diagnosis was made noninvasively in each, and four of the five patients survived surgery. Echocardiography was comparable to angiography in making the diagnosis and assessing the cardiovascular anatomic characteristics. Echocardiography could therefore replace angiography in selected infants with symptomatic aortic valve stenosis and should be routinely used in the evaluation of these patients.