tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Folate Deficiency in Acute Tropical Sprue
Authors: W. O'Brien, N. W. J. England
Journal: BMJ (1964)

young children in our community at the present time.After the first four weeks of life good antibody responses can be expected.It is also possible that in some years R.S.V. recedes in importance as a cause of respiratory infection and that adenovirus, influenza, and other viruses then play a bigger part.Finally there is apparently no close antigenic relationship between measles and R.S.V., though this point needs further investigation. SumluaryA serological investigation has been carried out on paired sera from 148 children over the last three years in Newcastle upon Tyne.The great majority of these children had serious infec- tion of the lower respiratory tract, mainly bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Serological evidence is presented that about 60% of severe respiratory infections in the children are due to respiratory syncytial virus.The immunological responsiveness of infants to R.S.V. infection increases with age; this is directly related to the decrease in maternal antibody, which disappears by 3 months and is replaced by acquired antibody.Few of the older children showed antibody responses, and this coincided with high acquired antibody titres to R.S.V. Evidence is presented which suggests that an antigenic relationship between measles and R.S.V. is unlikely.Professors S. D. M. Court and C.
Doctor's legal position in medical emergencies.
Authors: B. Dalal
Journal: BMJ (1992)

number of criteria including general fitness and performance on an exercise treadmill test.Of the eligible males, 32% underwent an exercise test, compared with only 9% of the women.Of these, 69% of men and 68% of women went on to participate in the outpatient cardiac rehabilitation programme.Because of the low uptake of women for an exercise test, however, the final figures for the percentage of patients who received outpatient cardiac rehabilitation were 35% for men and 17% for women.It would seem that failure to participate in outpatient cardiac rehabilitation arises at the time of the exercise treadmill test.We matched women for age and next of kin.The mean age of women who underwent the exercise test was 60-6 years, compared with 72-4 years for those who did not.The mean age of those who had the test and went on to participate in the outpatient programme was 61-6 years, compared with 60-0 years for those who had a test but failed to go on to the outpatiept programme.A total of 77% of women who underwent the test had a partner who was alive, compared with 37% of those who did not.In addition, 86% of women who went on to participate in the outpatient programme had a partner who was alive, compared with only 38% of women who took the test and then disconitinued treatment.Our initial findings suggest that age is a factor in determining which female patients undertake an assessment exercise test but not necessarily whether or not they go on to further rehabilitation.The support and encouragement of a partner, however, during assessment and treatment may be crucial in determining whether or not a patient continues with cardiac rehabilitation.
Inhibitory guanosine triphosphate-binding protein-mediated regulation of vasopressin action in isolated single medullary tubules of mouse kidney.
Authors: K Takaichi, K Kurokawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Vasopressin (AVP) plays a key role in maximal urine concentration by stimulating NaCl reabsorption in the medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (MAL) and by increasing water permeability in the medullary collecting tubules (MCT). These effects of AVP in MAL and MCT are mediated by cAMP. Alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation in MCT, and high ambient Ca2+ and PGE2 in MAL inhibit AVP-dependent cAMP production and thereby modulate urine concentration. The present study was undertaken to clarify the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP production by these agents using microdissected mouse MAL and MCT. Preincubation of MCT and MAL with 1 microgram/ml pertussis toxin for 3 and 6 h, respectively, resulted in ADP-ribosylation of an approximately 41-kD protein, which was presumably an alpha subunit of the inhibitory GTP-binding protein Gi. Epinephrine, 10(-6) M, via alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation, inhibited AVP-dependent cAMP production in MCT. Preincubation of MCT for 3 h with pertussis toxin abolished the inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP production by epinephrine. High ambient Ca2+ and PGE2 both inhibited AVP-dependent cAMP production in MAL. Preincubation of MAL for 6 h with pertussis toxin abolished the inhibition by high ambient Ca2+ and attenuated the inhibition by PGE2. Preincubation of MCT or MAL with pertussis toxin for 1 h was ineffective in ADP-ribosylation and did not modify the inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP production by these agents in both nephron segments. Our data suggest that the inhibition of AVP-dependent cAMP production by alpha 2-adrenergic stimulation in MCT, and by high ambient Ca2+ and adrenergic stimulation in MCT, and by high ambient Ca2+ and PGE2 in MAL, is mediated, at least in part, through activation of Gi.
Pilojection for Carotid Aneurysm in the Cavernous Sinus
Authors: John P. Gallagher, Theodore Baiz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ANEURYSM of the internal carotid artery within the cavernous sinus has always posed a difficult surgical problem. Its hidden and inaccessible position within the blood-filled sinus has defied any direct surgical attempts to reach it. In the past, treatment of aneurysm of the carotid artery in this location has been limited to the use of two indirect methods. In one method the artery is ligated in the neck, thereby reducing the flow of blood through the malformation and causing it to diminish in size. In the other method the arterial segment bearing the aneurysm is isolated from the blood stream in a two-stage operation. In the latter procedure the carotid in the neck is tied off first and then the distal end of the artery at the base of the brain is occluded. The use of either procedure, especially the second, shuts off the major supply of blood to one
Outcome of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: André Van Steirteghem
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The birth in 1978 of Louise Brown, the first child conceived by in vitro fertilization, may be considered a milestone in the alleviation of long-standing infertility for many couples, especially those with female-factor infertility. But it became clear after about 10 years of experience that conventional in vitro fertilization was unable to help couples with severe male-factor infertility. Subsequently, direct injection of a single spermatozoon into the cytoplasm of an oocyte in vitro became feasible, and the first child conceived in this way was born in 1992.1 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be used successfully for men with severe oligospermia, and . . .
The Public Cost of Motorcycle Trauma
Authors: Steven J. Rosansky
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  In the United States, there are currently approximately 11000 patients with end-stage renal disease who are awaiting kidney transplantation. At least half of these people wait more than 6 months and many more than 1 year before a suitable cadaveric donor organ becomes available. Vehicular trauma provides one of the main sources of transplant organs. Clearly, the decision by motorcyclists not to use helmets is one that will increase their risk of fatality in a motorcycle accident.  Since, as Rivara et al 1 pointed out in the July 8 issue of JAMA , morbidity from motorcycle trauma is paid for in great part by public funds, it would not be unreasonable to request that motorcyclists repay society. One way to accomplish this repayment would be to require signature on a legal document that allows for organ removal at the time of death for any motorcyclist who chooses not
Keratoderma, hypotrichosis and leukonychia totalis: a new syndrome?
Authors: E. BASARAN, E. YILMAZ, E. ALPSOY, G.G. YILMAZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report three members of a family with congenital hypotrichosis, characterized by trichorrhexis nodosa and trichoptilosis, dry skin, keratosis pilaris and leukonychia totalis. They also developed a progressive transgrediens type of palmoplantar keratoderma, and hyperkeratotic lesions on the knees, elbows and perianal region. As far as we are aware, this combination of clinical features has not been described previously.
Ultrasonic Localization of Foreign Bodies
Authors: Murray G. Smyth
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the Dec 6 issue (<b>194</b>:1159, 1965), Dr. Mason provides excellent recommendations on the management of a case in which a piece of 25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle had become lodged in the triceps. May I discuss another technique for localizing foreign bodies in soft tissue, which has proved useful in similar situations. Diagnostic ultrasonic equipment can localize imbedded foreign objects in three planes. A search probe is placed over the general site of the foreign body. The probe transmits a painless, harmless inaudible sound beam into the tissue and receives echoes from any subsurface interface that is not homogeneous with surrounding tissue. Reflected sound is picked up by the probe, amplified, and fed to a display screen. When the foreign-body echo appears on the screen, the examiner knows that the object is directly beneath and in line with the probe. Moreover, since the display is calibrated in
Physiology of Male Sexual Function
Authors: WILLIAM C. deGROAT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The male sexual response cycle consists of excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. The initial event, penile erection, is produced by arteriolar dilatation and increased blood flow to the erectile tissue of the penis. Erection is a reflex response initiated by visual, olfactory, or imaginative stimuli impinging upon supraspinal centers or by genital stimulation that in turn activates spinal reflex mechanisms. Sacral parasympathetic and thoracolumbar sympathetic nerves provide the efferent vasodilator input to the penis. Parasympathetic nerves also stimulate secretion from the seminal vesicles and prostate and Cowper's glands during the plateau phase. The orgasmic phase is characterized by seminal emission and ejaculation and the accompanying sensations. Emission of semen into the urethra depends on sympathetic nerves that elicit contractions of smooth muscles in the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate. Rhythmic contractions of striated muscle (bulbocavernosus and ischiocavernosus) generated by efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve eject semen from the urethra.
THE PATIENT LOOKS AT THE MEDICAL SCHOOL HOSPITAL
Authors: Guy S. Hayes
Journal: JAMA (1960)

I still recall my first sortie into the operating room, when I was eight years old, and the lingering odor of ether mingled with the smell of sterilized drapes and steaming hot instruments which were being laid on a nearby table. The surgeon, whom I had come to know quite well in the course of prior consultations, was no longer recognizable except for a voice from behind a white mask and the familiar steel-rimmed spectacles. The worst came when they put the gas mask on; I had no air, and lights started to flash across my eyes in crazy eerie patterns accompanied by humming throbs. The last coherent emotion was plain fear—fear that someone would start cutting before I was really asleep. Now there is nothing unique in this experience because it has been happening to people every day for years, but to each patient it is unique; this fact
Efficacy and safety of COX 2 inhibitors
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Papers pp 619 , 624 

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce pain and improve function in people with mechanical and inflammatory arthropathies and are beneficial in many other conditions, but these benefits come at a price. In the United Kingdom, every year over 2000 people die as a result of upper gastrointestinal damage induced by NSAIDs, and these agents can also have unwanted effects on the lower bowel, lungs, kidneys, and cardiovascular system. Conversely, some NSAIDs may have useful antithrombotic actions and increasing evidence shows that they may inhibit the development of colonic neoplasia and other gastrointestinal cancers.1–3 The introduction of new anti-inflammatory agents, with more specific inhibitory effects on cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX 2) pathways, promised equivalent efficacy with greater safety and tolerability.

Two large pivotal trials have been published, in which the efficacy and safety of the COX 2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib were compared with various traditional NSAIDs. Unfortunately the celecoxib long term arthritis safety study (CLASS),4 in which celecoxib was compared with ibuprofen and …
Abstract LB-165: Novel metabolic metyltransferase mediates radiation resistance in glioblastomas
Authors: Kamalakannan Palanichamy, Nicolaus Gordon, Disha Patel, Katsuyuki Shirai, Arnab Chakravarti
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase(NNMT) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotic compounds. It is known to be highly expressed in a variety of cancers and has been investigated for its potential use as a diagnostic or prognostic marker. Furthermore, clinical data has shown that high NNMT expression is correlated with adverse patient outcome. In our glioblastoma (GBM) patient data set and other publically available data set NNMT is one among the top 25 genes which is differentially regulated when compared with normal adjacent tissue and also with various grades of brain tumor. NNMT is highly expressed in grade IV compared to low grade astrocytomas. Kaplan-Meier survival plots for NNMT gene shows that higher expression is associated with poor survival benefit and the median survival was found to be more than doubled in patient group with low expression of NNMT. Despite all this, the mechanistic behavior of NNMT in the malignant phenotype remains uncharacterized. We plan to gain an understanding of the signaling pathways with which NNMT interacts and elucidate its role in radioresistance. Experimental Design: The in vitro radiosensitivity assays were evaluated using wild type, NNMT-knockdown and NNMT-overexpression GBM cell lines. The assay conducted includes MTS, DNA damage and repair, Clonogenic survival assay, comet assay, Annexin V apoptosis assay, matrigel invasion assays, ATP assay, etc. The cell line after treatment was lysed and probed for pro-and anti-survival signaling pathways. Results and Discussion: We explored the expression profile of NNMT in established (ATCC) and in our panel of primary GBM cell lines. The expression levels correlates with relative radioresistance exhibited by the cell line. It appears NNMT knockdown cell lines exhibited an enhanced radiosensitivity. Currently we are probing signaling cascades which are differentially regulated in the NNMT knockdown and overexpression cell lines and also the differential response to radiation treatment based on differing levels of NNMT expression. The results will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-165.
Epilepsy Control, Neuroleptics, and Mental State
Authors: Joseph H. Siris
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by Livingston and Pauli (237:1561, 1977) concerning the occasional adverse effect of anticonvulsant drugs (ACD) on the mental state is of particular interest to physicians in this hospital where approximately 10% of the mentally ill get medication for associated seizures. Our attention had earlier been drawn to this phenomenon by the work of Reynolds,<sup>1</sup>suggesting that it may be a result of altered vitamin B<sub>12</sub>and folic acid metabolism. Our staff psychiatrists have been canvassed about this and requested to note a patient's mental state on days when blood samples are drawn for ACD determinations. In addition, EEG recordings are occasionally made on days of such determinations. Except for rare instances where seizure control may be accompanied by aggressive paranoid behavior but ameliorated by the addition of neuroleptic medication, evidence of adverse effects on the mental state of patients receiving antiepileptic therapy appears
Biochemical Studies With Preserved Transplanted Canine Liver
Authors: Henry Brown
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The problem of hepatic transplantation is complicated by present inability to preserve donor livers until needed. If liver transplantation is in fact to play a role in treatment of hepatic disease, methods for prolonged liver preservation must be found. In the laboratory, fresh canine liver when homotransplanted will function at near normal levels for a year or more.<sup>1</sup>During transplantation, however, time without circulation must usually be less than an hour. If the time is extended beyond this, the canine liver usually suffers irreversible damage. Studies with the pig liver show it is somewhat more hardy in that it will perform biochemical functions at normal or near normal levels for several hours after removal,<sup>2</sup>but it is still not known whether after this period such livers when transplanted will maintain an animal. Several methods for preservation of heart, lung, intestine, kidney,<sup>3,4</sup>and ovary<sup>5</sup>have been intensively
Sp1 binding activity increases in activated Ito cells
Authors: Richard A. Rippe, Ghamen Almounajed, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Ito cells are the primary cell type in the liver responsible for increased type I collagen production observed during fibrogenesis. After a fibrogenic stimulus, Ito cells change from their normal quiescent state to an activated state. In this study, we examined the expression of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene in Ito cells that were freshly isolated from normal rat liver (quiescent) and Ito cells that were activated by culture on plastic. Northern blots showed that alpha 1(I) collagen messenger RNA levels were low in freshly isolated Ito cells and Ito cells cultured on plastic for up to 4 days, but were induced after 7 days in culture. To determine the location of important transcriptional regulatory elements within the 5'-flanking region of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene, transient transfections using various portions of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene promoter linked to the luciferase gene were performed in cultured Ito cells. As in fibroblast cells, only 220 base pairs (bp) of immediate 5'-flanking sequence of the collagen alpha 1(I) gene was necessary for efficient expression of the reporter gene. Deoxyribonuclease I footprinting analysis and mobility shift assays showed dramatic differences in the DNA binding proteins that interact with the 220 base pair promoter region of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene between freshly isolated and activated Ito cells. Sp1 binding activity was greatly increased in activated Ito cells, as was binding activity for CCAAT binding factor (CBF), a transcription factor previously shown to interact with the alpha 2(I) collagen gene promoter. The increased Sp1 binding activity to the alpha 1(I) collagen gene promoter involves a posttranscriptional event, as shown by Northern and Western blots. Therefore, we show that activated Ito cells have a different pattern of transcription factor binding activity interacting with the alpha 1(I) collagen gene promoter compared with quiescent Ito cells, including increased Sp1 binding activity, and that this may contribute to the increase in alpha 1(I) collagen gene expression during fibrosis.
Common Bony Densities Simulating Disease in the Chest
Authors: Ching L. Chiu
Journal: JAMA (1975)

FREQUENTLY encountered on chest roentgenograms are variations or shadows of normal structures projected in such a way that pathologic processes are simulated. Certain benign processes may also produce shadows that mimic those of malignant lesions. Keeping the possibility of such simulated disease in mind enables the viewer to recognize more easily the true nature of such images, with resultant facilitation of patient care. With this in mind, a few common examples are presented for illustration. An ill-defined nodular density is seen through the shadow of the right side of the heart on frontal projection and overlies the spine on lateral view (Fig 1, left). An open arrow (Fig 1, center) indicates a second such density on the lateral view slightly above and anterior to the first. The possibility of pulmonary nodules was raised, and conventional tomography was performed for further evaluation of the lesions. This was not very helpful, showing
Chest wall venular dilatation: a sign of chronic bronchitis?
Authors: I K Kunkler, J B Cookson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Influenza virus, Santa Claus, or a mouse playing tennis?We have all lain on our backs, looked up at the clouds, and imagined all sorts of creatures there.Sometimes the same may happen with electron microscopy, and I recently produced this electron micrograph of an influenza virus.My colleagues and I have seen it variously as a caveman wielding a club, John
Cancer Cells’ Reliance on Glycine
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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LONGITUDINAL EFFECTS OF A DECADE OF AGING ON CAROTID ARTERY STIFFNESS: THE MULTI–ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Adam D. Gepner, Laura A. Colangelo, Elizabeth Hom, Matthew Tattersall, Claudia E. Korcarz, Brad C. Astor, Joel Kaufman, Kiang Liu, James Stein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)