tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Right Atrial Volume Measurements from Biplane Cineangiocardiography
Authors: THOMAS P. GRAHAM, GERALD F. ATWOOD, SCOTT L. FAULKNER, JAMES H. NELSON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Right atrial (RA) volumes were calculated from biplane cineangiocardiograms obtained during diagnostic cardiac catheterization in twenty-nine patients with normal right hearts. Validation of methodology was performed with calculations of right atrial casts of 14 human right atria. An excellent correlation of known and calculated volume was obtained either with a Simpson's rule method, r = 0.999, or with the area-length method assuming an ellipsoid of revolution, r = 0.998. The relationship between patient size and RA maximal volume (RA Max) was best fit by an exponential equation relating RA Max to body surface area: [RA Max = 54.6 (BSA) 1.233 , r = 0.979, F ratio 561.8]. RA Max normalized for body size was significantly less for infants less than one year of age than for older patients. RA Max averaged 38% greater than LA Max in the normal group. RA Max was evaluated in 14 patients with atrial septal defect or anomalous pulnonary venous return. These patients all showed increases in RA Max averaging 198% of normal. RA Max/BSA showed a significant correlation with Qp/Qs derived from O 2 data, r = 0.805. RA Max was increased in six of fourteen patients with moderate to severe pulmonary stenosis. The ratio of RA Max/LA Max was increased in the pulmonary stenosis group. These data provide the initial values for right atrial volume quantitation in man. RA Max can be estimated accurately from biplane cineangiograms and can aid in evaluation of alterations in right heart structure and function.
Gadd45β is induced through a CAR-dependent, TNF-independent pathway in murine liver hyperplasia
Authors: Amedeo Columbano, Giovanna M. Ledda-Columbano, Monica Pibiri, Costanza Cossu, Marta Menegazzi, David D. Moore, Wendong Huang, Jianmin Tian, Joseph Locker
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract We previously observed that Gadd45β/MyD118, a member of the Gadd45 family of inducible factors, showed the strongest immediate-early induction common to two distinctive proliferation responses of the liver: (1) regeneration induced by surgical partial hepatectomy and (2) hyperplasia induced by the primary mitogen TCPOBOP, a ligand of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Gadd45β is known to be stimulated by nuclear factor (NF) κB, which is activated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the early response to partial hepatectomy. We therefore investigated whether TNFα and NFκB also stimulated Gadd45β as part of the response to CAR ligands, or whether activation occurred by an alternative pathway. TCPOBOP effects were characterized in three mouse genotypes: wild-type, TNFR1−/−, and TNFR1−/−TNFR2−/−. The results showed that TCPOBOP did not activate NFκB in any of the mice, but a strong induction of Gadd45β messenger RNA was observed in all three genotypes, where TCPOBOP also induced CyP2b10, a classical target gene of activated CAR, and cyclin D1, a proliferation linked gene. Thus, the absence of TNFR signaling and induction of NFκB did not impair CAR-mediated gene induction. Moreover, hepatocyte proliferation was strongly induced, and at significantly higher levels than wild type, in both TNFR1−/− and TNFR1−/−TNFR2−/− mice. Further studies evaluated TCPOBOP-induced gene expression in CAR−/− mice, by microarray expression profiling and Northern blot. The induced changes in gene expression, including the stimulation of Gadd45β, were almost completely abolished—hence all were mediated via CAR activation. In conclusion , in the liver, Gadd45β can be induced by a distinctive pathway that requires CAR and is independent of TNFα-NFκB. The greater induction of proliferation in TNFR-null mice suggests negative cross-talk between the CAR and TNFα-NFκB controls that regulate proliferation. (Hepatology 2005.)
Ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy of the spleen: High clinical efficacy and low risk in a multicenter Italian study
Authors: Giuseppe Civardi, Daniele Vallisa, Raffaella Bertè, Antonio Giorgio, Carlo Filice, Marcello Caremani, Eugenio Caturelli, Maurizio Pompili, Ilario De Sio, Elisabetta Buscarini, Luigi Cavanna
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy (UG‐FNB) of the spleen in a large population of patients. We collected retrospectively the findings concerning the application of UG‐FNB of the spleen from eight Italian clinical centers that utilized this technique for at least ten years. A data schedule was sent to all centers to collect information about techniques, results, and complications of UG‐FNB of the spleen. We analyzed 398 biopsy procedures both on focal lesions (257 cases) and on splenic parenchyma (141 cases). The overall accuracy was 90.9% for the series as a whole, 84.9% for cytological sampling, 88.3% for microhistological sampling, and 90.3% for both cytological and histological sampling (double biopsy). Tissue core biopsy yielded better overall accuracy in patients with suspected splenic involvement by lymphoma (90.9% vs. 68.5% for cytology). The complication rate was low (no death cases, less than 1% for major complications, and 5.2% for all complications). No predictive factors were able to detect high‐risk situations. The operator's skill (higher number of performed procedures) was significantly related to better overall accuracy. Conversely, the complication rate was not affected. UG‐FNB of the spleen is a very effective diagnostic procedure with low risk for the patient. Aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy showed similar diagnostic yields, except for the diagnosis of splenic lymphoma, in which core needle biopsy obtained better results. Am. J. Hematol. 67:93–99, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Police and GMC investigate claims that doctors have aborted fetuses on basis of sex
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The police and the General Medical Council are investigating claims that some doctors in England are approving abortions on the basis of the fetus’s sex.

The inquiries follow allegations by the Daily Telegraph newspaper, after undercover reporters visited abortion clinics and recorded doctors apparently acceding to women’s requests to terminate their pregnancies solely because of the unborn child’s sex.

The health secretary, Andrew Lansley, said that he was “shocked” to read the reports and had asked police, the GMC, and the Care Quality Commission, which registers and inspects clinics, to investigate the allegations. “Selecting for gender in this way is not only morally wrong, it is also illegal,” he added.

“If this …
Comparison of requirements of research ethics committees in 11 European countries for a non-invasive interventional study
Authors: H. Hearnshaw
Journal: BMJ (2004)

autopsies and organ retention.Parents should be provided with full information and not be coerced into accepting an autopsy examination, and these discussions should be with an appropriately trained professional.Our study provides important information for parents.If a termination has been carried out because of anomalies detected by ultrasound scan, by declining an autopsy, parents will remain ignorant of information that might change the recurrence risk in one in four cases and have a one in 13 chance for missing confirmation of a high (one in four) recurrence risk.We thank CA Boyd for advice and reading the manuscript and S Gould and C Bowker (paediatric pathologists), A Roberts (specialist genetics nurse), S Hanson (data systems manager), and all the staff in the Oxford Prenatal Diagnosis Unit for help and for providing information.
Consultant is suspended for inventing data for drug trial
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A consultant community physician in north London has been suspended from practice for 12 months for research fraud after inventing patients for a clinical trial.

Devasenan Devendra, 41, lied repeatedly to the drug company Novartis after claiming to have recruited 69 patients for a trial comparing drugs for Muslims with diabetes who fast during Ramadan. The actual number was six.

The General Medical Council fitness to practise panel said suspension was necessary to mark …
Reacrediting general practice
Authors: D. P. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1992)

and fertilisation rate (p=0001) but not for indica- tion (p=008) or age (p=09).The group who stopped treatment had a higher rate of total fertilisation failure, a lower fertilisation rate, and a generally more unfavourable indication for in vitro fertilisation.These results indicate that the assumption of the life table method is not met because patients who decide to stop treatment are likely to have less chance of conceiving by in vitro fertilisation than patients who continue.Few studies giving cumulative pregnancy rates after several cycles of in vitro fertilisation evaluate possible selection bias in the couples who continue treatment.To avoid too high expectations people should be aware of the possibility of such selection, particularly in a study with the objective "to provide reliable prognostic information for couples seeking assisted conception.
World Trade Center fine particulate matter causes respiratory tract hyperresponsiveness in mice.
Authors: Stephen H Gavett, Najwa Haykal-Coates, Jerry W Highfill, Allen D Ledbetter, Lung Chi Chen, Mitchell D Cohen, Jack R Harkema, James G Wagner, Daniel L Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Pollutants originating from the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City on 11 September 2001 have been reported to cause adverse respiratory responses in rescue workers and nearby residents. We examined whether WTC-derived fine particulate matter [particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 microm (PM2.5)] has detrimental respiratory effects in mice to contribute to the risk assessment of WTC-derived pollutants. Samples of WTC PM2.5 were derived from settled dust collected at several locations around Ground Zero on 12 and 13 September 2001. Aspirated samples of WTC PM2.5 induced mild to moderate degrees of pulmonary inflammation 1 day after exposure but only at a relatively high dose (100 microg). This response was not as great as that caused by 100 microg PM2.5 derived from residual oil fly ash (ROFA) or Washington, DC, ambient air PM [National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1649a]. However, this same dose of WTC PM2.5 caused airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine aerosol comparable to that from SRM 1649a and to a greater degree than that from ROFA. Mice exposed to lower doses by aspiration or inhalation exposure did not develop significant inflammation or hyperresponsiveness. These results show that exposure to high levels of WTC PM2.5 can promote mechanisms of airflow obstruction in mice. Airborne concentrations of WTC PM2.5 that would cause comparable doses in people are high (approximately 425 microg/m3 for 8 hr) but conceivable in the aftermath of the collapse of the towers when rescue and salvage efforts were in effect. We conclude that a high-level exposure to WTC PM2.5 could cause pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in people. The effects of chronic exposures to lower levels of WTC PM2.5, the persistence of any respiratory effects, and the effects of coarser WTC PM are unknown and were not examined in these studies. Degree of exposure and respiratory protection, individual differences in sensitivity to WTC PM2.5, and species differences in responses must be considered in assessing the risks of exposure to WTC PM2.5.
William Martin Walker
Authors: Eamon O'Neill, Alistair Walker
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant ophthalmologist Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital and United Birmingham Hospital Group (b 1919; q St Andrews 1943; FRCS), died from oesophageal cancer on 16 July 2005.




Figure 1




Before demobilisation as captain in 1947 Martin was in charge of the ophthalmic department of 92 British General Hospital. He was appointed consultant surgeon at the Birmingham and Midland Eye Hospital in 1950. Martin developed the first specialist glaucoma service in the West Midlands and devoted much of his working life to understanding this condition. He also maintained his interest in paediatric ophthalmology at the Birmingham Children's Hospital. He was master of the Oxford Ophthalmological Congress, 1976-8. Predeceased by his wife, Gladys, in 2001, he leaves four children and five grandchildren.
A unique genetic and biochemical presentation of fish-eye disease.
Authors: J A Kuivenhoven, E J van Voorst tot Voorst, H Wiebusch, S M Marcovina, H Funke, G Assmann, P H Pritchard, J J Kastelein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

This paper describes a novel genetic defect which causes fish-eye disease in four homozygous probands and its biochemical presentation in 34 heterozygous siblings. The male index patient presented with premature coronary artery disease, corneal opacification, HDL deficiency, and a near total loss of plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. Sequencing of the LCAT gene revealed homozygosity for a novel missense mutation resulting in an Asp131 - Asn (N131D) substitution. Heterozygotes showed a highly significant reduction of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels as compared with controls which was associated with a specific decrease of LpA-I:A-II particles. Functional assessment of this mutation revealed loss of specific activity of recombinant LCAT(N131D) against proteoliposomes. Unlike other mutations causing fish-eye disease, recombinant LCAT(N131D) also showed a 75% reduction in specific activity against LDL. These unique biochemical characteristics reveal the heterogeneity of phenotypic expression of LCAT gene defects within a range specified by complete loss of LCAT activity and the specific loss of activity against HDL. The impact of this mutation on HDL levels and HDL subclass distribution may be related to the premature coronary artery disease observed in the male probands.
Abstract C64: Adult murine prostate basal and luminal cells are self-sustained lineages that can both serve as targets for prostate cancer initiation
Authors: Nahyun Choi, Boyu Zhang, Li Zhang, Michael Ittmann, Li Xin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The prostate epithelial lineage hierarchy and the cellular origin for prostate cancer remain inadequately defined. We sought to utilize a lineage tracing approach to define the epithelial lineage hierarchy in the prostate. A previously reported K14-CreER transgenic mouse line was bred with a fluorescent reporter line to specifically label the prostate basal cell lineage. In parallel, the prostate luminal cell lineage was labeled with fluorescence using a novel K8-CreERT2 transgenic mouse line generated in our own lab. Using this lineage tracing approach, we show that adult rodent prostate basal and luminal cells are independently self-sustained in vivo. We then sought to characterize the cells of origin for prostate cancer in the context of loss of function of Pten, which occurs frequently in primary and advanced human prostate cancer. We bred the K14-CreER and K8-CreERT2 mouse lines with Ptenfl/fl mice separately so that Pten expression can be disrupted specifically in prostate basal and luminal cells, respectively. Disrupting Pten in either lineage led to prostate cancer initiation. However, the cellular composition and onset dynamics of the resulting tumors are distinctive. Prostate luminal cells are more responsive to Pten null-induced mitogenic signaling. In contrast, basal cells are resistant to direct transformation. Instead, loss of Pten activity induces the capability of basal cells to differentiate into transformation-competent luminal cells. These studies suggest that deregulation of the normal prostate epithelial differentiation program is a critical step for initiation of human prostate cancer with a basal cell origin. Furthermore, suppressing signaling pathways that induce basal-luminal differentiation may provide an efficient approach to prevent prostate cancer initiation. Citation Format: Nahyun Choi, Boyu Zhang, Li Zhang, Michael Ittmann, Li Xin. Adult murine prostate basal and luminal cells are self-sustained lineages that can both serve as targets for prostate cancer initiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C64.
The No-Touch Isolation Technique of Resection
Authors: Rupert B. Turnbull
Journal: JAMA (1975)

FISHER and I,<sup>1</sup>in 1955, reported finding cancer cells in the blood of the mesenteric veins that were draining tumors of the colon in eight of 25 patients who were undergoing resection. Subsequently, we studied the portal venous blood of 67 patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer; we found that malignant cells were found more frequently in the blood of those whose cancer had been manipulated during resection. We recognized that carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract invade the portal venous radicals and shed cells and that these cells embolize to the liver, where they grow as fatal metastases. Fisher and Fisher<sup>2</sup>not only demonstrated these cells, but also showed experimentally that the liver metastases were more likely to occur when a certain dose of tumor cells was exceeded. Because of our findings, those of Fisher and Fisher,<sup>2</sup>and Cole et al,<sup>3</sup>in 1953, we utilized a
Merits of Combination Cortical, Subcortical, and Cerebellar Injections for the Treatment of Niemann-Pick Disease Type A
Authors: Jie Bu, Karen M Ashe, John Bringas, John Marshall, James C Dodge, Mario A Cabrera-Salazar, John Forsayeth, Edward H Schuchman, Krystof S Bankiewicz, Seng H Cheng, Lamya S. Shihabuddin, Marco A Passini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Niemann-Pick disease Type A (NPA) is a neuronopathic lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by the loss of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). The goals of the current study are to ascertain the levels of human ASM that are efficacious in ASM knockout (ASMKO) mice, and determine whether these levels can be attained in non-human primates (NHPs) using a multiple parenchymal injection strategy. Intracranial injections of different doses of AAV1-hASM in ASMKO mice demonstrated that only a small amount of enzyme (<0.5 mg hASM/g tissue) was sufficient to increase survival, and that increasing the amount of hASM did not enhance this survival benefit until a new threshold level of >10 mg hASM/g tissue was reached. In monkeys, injection of 12 tracts of AAV1-hASM resulted in efficacious levels of enzyme in broad regions of the brain that was aided, in part, by axonal transport of adeno-associated virus (AAV) and movement through the perivascular space. This study demonstrates that a combination cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar injection protocol could provide therapeutic levels of hASM to regions of the NHP brain that are highly affected in NPA patients. The information from this study might help design new AAV-mediated enzyme replacement protocols for NPA and other neuronopathic LSDs in future clinical trials.
Tumor Immunology: Basic and Clinical Advances
Authors: Pamela L. Beatty, Sandra Cascio, Eric Lutz
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The third in a series of AACR conferences, entitled "Tumor Immunology: Basic and Clinical Advances," was held in Miami Beach, Florida from November 30 to December 3, 2010. The overall objective of this meeting was to discuss rapid developments in the understanding of basic principles of antitumor immunity and strategies for increasing the success rate of cancer immunotherapy. The key findings that emerged from the meeting included (i) that integrated approaches are required for the development of effective cancer immunotherapies and (ii) attention should be on multiple cellular and molecular components and their broader networks rather than on a single pathway or cell type.
International prognostic scoring system for Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Pierre Morel, Alain Duhamel, Paolo Gobbi, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Madhav V. Dhodapkar, Jason McCoy, John Crowley, Enrique M. Ocio, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, Steven P. Treon, Veronique Leblond, Robert A. Kyle, Bart Barlogie, Giampaolo Merlini
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Effect of Glucose Variability on the Risk of Microvascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Geremia B. Bolli, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Julio Rosenstock
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

In response to the recent article by Kilpatrick et al. (1) and the accompanying editorial (2), a number of letters to the editor have been published in Diabetes Care . Given the relevance of the topic, this is not surprising and actually is a good opportunity for additional comments to the article.

Monnier et al. (3), the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study Group (4), and Irsch and Brownlee (5) all correctly point out that the seven-point blood glucose profile from which the calculations of Kilpatrick et al. (1) are based may not accurately reflect glucose variability. Therefore, they claim that the conclusion of Kilpatrick et al. (1) that glucose variability is not a risk factor for long-term …
Medicine in Zambia
Authors: GARY GILBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1983Medicine in ZambiaGARY GILBERT, M.D.GARY GILBERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-130 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: I believe that Welch's conclusions regarding health care in Zambia and the United States are mistaken. It is not clear that financial hardship, analagous to that in Zambia, can produce efficiency in American health-care delivery. It is certainly not obvious that such efficiency is desirable.Last summer I returned to Zambia to work for 10 weeks at Mwami Adventist Hospital, a 169-bed acute care hospital and leprosarium. I participated in the efficient health-care delivery described by Welch. There are deceptive aspects to that efficiency. Even at $5 a day, hospital care costs more than 2 days' wages...Reference1. WELCH H. In Zambia: doing more with less. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:551-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GARY GILBERT, M.D.Affiliations: 25771 Mariposa; Loma Linda, CA 92354 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReactions of 3-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroquinazolin-4-ones with acid chlorides 1 July 1983Volume 99, Issue 1Page: 130-130KeywordsHealth care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...