tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Virology: The Evaluation and Management of Human Viral Infections
Authors: Maurice A. Mufson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Notwithstanding the rapid and continual progress in clinical virology, a comprehensive book dealing with this subject has been long overdue. Debre and Celers in their book, originally published in French and now available in an English translation, succeed admirably in bringing this broad field into perspective. It is, however, not a clearly focused picture.  Although a substantial book overall, its limitations reflect the difficulties inherent in keeping current with the progress in clinical virology. Various international authorities provide detailed chapters on virus diseases, organized according to the organ system affected. Individual chapters usually include discussions of the biologic and biochemical properties of the virus, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and, when available, immunoprophylactic measures. The decided emphasis on observational findings and diagnostic procedures should prove particularly valuable to the clinician. On the other hand, frequently the general aspects of virus isolation and serologic procedures are reiterated when the
The role of seminal plasma for improved outcomes during in vitro fertilization treatment: review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Giselle Crawford, Arpita Ray, Anil Gudi, Amit Shah, Roy Homburg
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

There is a growing body of evidence surrounding the role played by seminal plasma in human implantation. Seminal fluid contains several proteins that interact with cervical and uterine epithelial cells inducing active immune tolerance. We sought to answer the study question: Does exposure to seminal plasma improve pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing IVF?Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched for via MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, National Research Register, ISI conference proceedings, ISRCTN register and Meta-register, from 1966 to December 2013. Search terms included: 'seminal plasma', 'seminal fluid', 'sexual intercourse', 'IVF', 'ICSI', 'ART', 'pregnancy rate', 'implantation', 'embryo transfer' and 'live birth'. This analysis included all RCTs comparing the outcome of IVF treatments in patients exposed to seminal plasma near the time of oocyte pickup (OPU) or embryo transfer (ET) with that of placebo controls or controls with no exposure to seminal plasma. The main intervention was exposure to seminal plasma around the time of OPU or embryo transfer during an IVF cycle. The main outcomes were clinical pregnancy and live birth/ongoing pregnancy rates. Data were collected by two independent authors and statistically pooled via meta-analysis following intention to treat and per protocol principles using RevMan (v5.2.10). I(2) statistic, forest plots and chi-squared heterogeneity tests were used.In total 2204 patients were included in seven RCTs. Meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement in clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.42, P = 0.006) by intention to treat. Per protocol analysis also revealed a statistically significant improvement in clinical pregnancy rate (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07-1.43, P = 0.003). There was no statistically significant improvement seen for the outcome of ongoing pregnancy/live birth rate, but the available data were very limited. The methodology and quality of the studies were variable.There are significantly improved outcomes when women are exposed to seminal plasma around the time of ovum pick-up or embryo transfer, with statistical significance for clinical pregnancy but not for ongoing pregnancy/live birth rates being achieved. This meta-analysis is limited by the small number of studies of variable methodology. Further research is required to determine the effect on live birth rate; however, this meta-analysis indicates a significantly improved clinical pregnancy rate and a potential method for improving IVF outcomes.
The Electrocardiogram in Myocardial Infarction.
Authors: Abraham Kagan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964The Electrocardiogram in Myocardial Infarction.Abraham Kagan, M.D., F.A.C.P., Gary D. Friedman, M.D., William B. Kannel, M.D. (Associate), Thomas R. Dawber, M.D., F.A.C.P.Abraham Kagan, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Gary D. Friedman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William B. Kannel, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Thomas R. Dawber, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-320_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince 1949, 5,128 men and women initially free of evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) have been followed up, principally by means of biennial examinations at a clinic set up for that purpose.During the first 13 years of observation, 252 persons have developed manifestations of CHD, exclusive of angina pectoris. The presence at the time of the first examination of electrocardiographic (EKG) abnormalities nondiagnostic of CHD increased the risk of subsequent occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) two- to threefold.One hundred and twenty-three persons developed EKG-documented infarctions. There were 64 cases of anterior MI, 54 cases of posterior MI,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 320-320KeywordsAnginaCongenital heart diseaseCoronary heart diseaseElectrocardiographyInfarctionMyocardial infarction Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Targeting NAD+ salvage pathway induces autophagy in multiple myeloma cells via mTORC1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) inhibition
Authors: Michele Cea, Antonia Cagnetta, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Yu-Tzu Tai, Teru Hideshima, Dharminder Chauhan, Aldo Roccaro, Antonio Sacco, Teresa Calimeri, Francesca Cottini, Jana Jakubikova, Sun-Young Kong, Franco Patrone, Alessio Nencioni, Marco Gobbi, Paul Richardson, Nikhil Munshi, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2012)
Evidence for 5-HT but not 5-HT receptor subtype expression in canine large coronary arteries and saphenous vein
Authors: F SGARD, C FAURE, D GRAHAM
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

5-Hydroxytryptamine1D (5-HT1D) receptors are believed to play a major role in the vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle in human coronary arteries. However, unequivocal evidence as to which subtype of this receptor (5-HT1D alpha or 5-HT1D beta) is involved in these vasoconstrictory effects is lacking. The aim of this study was to identify in the dog the 5-HT1D receptor subtype encoding mRNAs expressed in several large coronary arteries and in the saphenous vein.Degenerate oligonucleotide primers that selectively recognized only mammalian 5-HT1D alpha and 5-HT1D beta receptor sequences were used in RT-PCR experiments to study 5-HT1D receptor subtype expression in endothelium-denuded saphenous vein and large coronary arteries from beagle and alsatian dogs. Resulting PCR products were analysed and identified by Southern blots and sequencing.An identical PCR product whose sequence closely resembles that of the human 5-HT1D beta receptor (98% amino acid identity) was obtained from reverse-transcribed RNA isolated from either saphenous vein or coronary arteries, irrespective of dog race. Absence of 5-HT1D alpha expression was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Control experiments using canine genomic DNA as template illustrated, nonetheless, that the primers chosen could amplify both 5-HT1D alpha and 5-HT1D beta sequences.Using RT-PCR, we isolated from dog vascular smooth muscle a cDNA fragment whose nucleotide sequence would encode a previously-unreported canine homologue of the 5-HT1D beta receptor. We illustrated that this subtype is the only 5-HT1D receptor subtype expressed in dog saphenous vein and large coronary arteries. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of results from functional studies of 5-HT1-like receptor-mediated effects in these canine blood vessels.
The learning curve
Authors: P. R. Caropreso
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —I read with interest the article entitled  Learning Curve by Dr Gaster. 1 There are surgeons overwhelmed by new technologies. Nevertheless,  Learning Curve talks less about the process of gaining experience and more about advancing age and the inability of senior physicians to progress into the future. This is not the case and unfair. The content suggests more fiction than actual reporting of a knowledgeable observer and raises the question about the author's true intentions.  The senior surgeon had completed a certifying course. The operation was not even his first laparoscopic cholecystectomy. As he struggled, he would have asked for some advice. He would not have used a scalpel to cut the cystic artery, knowing all too well that inadvertent stabbing could occur. An experienced surgeon would have selected scissors to perform the task, knowing that it is a safer instrument. If he was so
The Professional Identities of Women Physicians
Authors: Carlotta M. Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE ADMISSION gates are ajar for women now applying to medical school. In 1979-1980, 28% of all first-year medical students were women, a record-breaking number. To the undiscerning eye it may seem that the major obstacles to women entering the medical profession are vanishing. Unknown to many, however, the graduating classes of Boston medical schools in 1893-1894 comprised 23.7% women. This resulted in a peak of 18% women physicians of the total Boston medical community at the turn of the century, 1900-1901. Few may know of women's participation in the medical profession during that era, but most are keenly aware of the small numbers that followed and endured. During the post-World War II period, the number of all women graduates lingered at 5%. 1   History has a way of repeating itself, and the fact that medical schools have now accepted an unprecedented number of women students does not signify the
Genetic Markers of Adult Obesity Risk Are Associated with Greater Early Infancy Weight Gain and Growth
Authors: Cathy E. Elks, Ruth J. F. Loos, Stephen J. Sharp, Claudia Langenberg, Susan M. Ring, Nicholas J. Timpson, Andrew R. Ness, George Davey Smith, David B. Dunger, Nicholas J. Wareham, Ken K. Ong
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background Genome-wide studies have identified several common genetic variants that are robustly associated with adult obesity risk. Exploration of these genotype associations in children may provide insights into the timing of weight changes leading to adult obesity. Methods and Findings Children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort were genotyped for ten genetic variants previously associated with adult BMI. Eight variants that showed individual associations with childhood BMI (in/near: FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, GNPDA2, KCTD15, NEGR1, BDNF, and ETV5) were used to derive an "obesity-risk-allele score" comprising the total number of risk alleles (range: 2–15 alleles) in each child with complete genotype data (n = 7,146). Repeated measurements of weight, length/height, and body mass index from birth to age 11 years were expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS). Early infancy was defined as birth to age 6 weeks, and early infancy failure to thrive was defined as weight gain between below the 5th centile, adjusted for birth weight. The obesity-risk-allele score showed little association with birth weight (regression coefficient: 0.01 SDS per allele; 95% CI 0.00–0.02), but had an apparently much larger positive effect on early infancy weight gain (0.119 SDS/allele/year; 0.023–0.216) than on subsequent childhood weight gain (0.004 SDS/allele/year; 0.004–0.005). The obesity-risk-allele score was also positively associated with early infancy length gain (0.158 SDS/allele/year; 0.032–0.284) and with reduced risk of early infancy failure to thrive (odds ratio = 0.92 per allele; 0.86–0.98; p = 0.009). Conclusions The use of robust genetic markers identified greater early infancy gains in weight and length as being on the pathway to adult obesity risk in a contemporary birth cohort. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Authors: Virginia A. Moyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters16 August 2011Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation StatementVirginia A. Moyer, MD, MPH, Michael L. LeFevre, MD, MSPH, and Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPHVirginia A. Moyer, MD, MPHFrom U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, MD 20850.Search for more papers by this author, Michael L. LeFevre, MD, MSPHFrom U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, MD 20850.Search for more papers by this author, and Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPHFrom U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, MD 20850.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the thoughtful letters from Drs. Pfister and Colleagues and Dr. Nordin regarding the USPSTF recommendation on screening for osteoporosis. Drs. Pfister and Colleagues inquire about how to apply the recommended 10-year fracture risk threshold of 9.3% to a certain population—women residing in a rural area where central densitometry is not accessible. Although the USPSTF agrees that this is an important population to consider, it did not find enough evidence on the value of peripheral bone measurement tests (particularly in terms of the link to diagnostic and treatment criteria) to comment on their use. The question posed ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Virginia A. Moyer, MD, MPH; Michael L. LeFevre, MD, MSPH; Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPHAffiliations: From U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Rockville, MD 20850.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation StatementScreening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Alfred K. Pfister , Christine W. Welch , and Mary Emmett Screening for Osteoporosis: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement Christopher Nordin Metrics 16 August 2011Volume 155, Issue 4Page: 276-277KeywordsBoneBone densityConflicts of interestDensitometryForecastingMedical risk factorsOsteoporosisRural areasSigns and symptoms ePublished: 16 August 2011 Issue Published: 16 August 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
CASE OF HEMIPLEGIA FROM EXPOSURE TO SOLAR HEAT
Authors: W. H. Ashley
Journal: BMJ (1853)

FEB.18, forms of erysipelas he had ever seen.A neighbour, who camle in during the labour, also had an attack of erysipelas, but in a much milder form (owing, perhaps, to her having much less to do with the patient); and she recovered.Here, then, we have the poison of crysipelas conveyed, as believe, from the first wvomian, Freshney, producing in the lying-iii woman, Garton, puerperal fever, and again (from the difference of the state of the two womicn) developing itself in the nurse in its originial form.C.ts iv.On1 Nov. 11th, the day following that on which I atteii(lene the above-miientionied caLse, I was called to see Mrs. Brownt, t a'young1, healthy wvomliani, aged 21, in labour with her second(I childl.She lived at Moulton Chapel, uinder the Saille rool wvitih the second iuientioile l)atient, Mrs. Buchan.lere' there was an1 unusually unyielding state of the os uteri.
Infant Feeding and Mortality in Belfast
Authors: J. Deeny, E. T. Murdock
Journal: BMJ (1944)

mended, and various theories have been put forward to explain the beneficial effects observed.Two effects are common to most of them.First, the diaphragm is raised so that its con- vexity is increased and its efficiency therefore enhanced, and it was for this purpose that I first suggested the use of the abdominal belt.Secondly, the lung is deflated by these pro- cedures so that it contains less air.The decrease in volume is, however, very small-so small that it can hardly be measured- and the beneficial effects are probably for the most part due to increased efficiency of the respiratory musculature.It is also possible that with greater collapse of the superficial bullae efficiency of ventilation may be increased.When heart failure supervenes oxygen should be given, as the added insult of anoxia to a heart that is failing for other reasons greatly lessens the chances of recovery.Recovery from heart failure in emphysema is uncommon, but I have recently had a patient who recovered from two attacks, during both of which he was moribund.In the first oxygen was administered continuously for one week, and in the second for 10 days.He subsequently died during a third attack, and the diagnosis of emphysema was confirmed at necropsy.The treatment of emphysema is thus far from being hope- less, although it is essentially symptomatic.Ephedrine should be tried in all cases.Respiratory exercises or an abdominal belt, or both, may increase considerably the tolerance to exercise.And lastly, when heart failure supervenes oxygen therapy is of the greatest value. SummaryIn this paper the disturbance of function in emphysema, and its mechanism as revealed by experiment at the bedside, are emphasized, and the bearing of these clinical observations on the natural history of the disease and its diagnosis is discussed.The primary lesion is loss of elasticity, the most common cause of which is the stress and strain of cough or respiratory obstruction on the structures con- cerned in respiration, the process being comparable to the loss of elasticity which occurs in blood vessels following hypertension.Almost all the symptoms and signs of emphysema, and also the over-distension of air sacs and formation of bullae, can be explained on the basis of loss of elasticity, and it is suggested that it is the wastage of ventilation on this " pathological dead space " which is responsible for the dyspnoea and the impairment of haemo-respiratory exchange which occur.The difficulties and fallacies in the diagnosis of emphysema are described, and it is suggested that the present state of confusion would be diminished if the diagnosis were reserved for those who have symptoms as weil as signs of this disease.
Long-term follow-up in 51 patients with mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome treated by interferon-alfa
Authors: None JUMBOU, None N'GUYEN, None TESSIER, None LEGOUX, None DRÉNO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Although interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) has proved effective in treating epidermotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ECTL), few studies have considered the follow-up of treated patients and whether complete remission was maintained. We studied 51 patients (one stage Ia, seven stage Ib, one stage IIa, 30 stage IIb, 11 stage III (Sézary syndrome) and one stage IV) who received low-dose IFN-alpha as monotherapy for ECTL (mean daily dose of IFN-alpha 2.7 x 106 units for 14.9 months), giving special consideration to the significance of My7 (CD13) antigen expression by epidermal basal cells in predicting the maintenance of complete remission. For a mean follow-up period of 43.4 months, the results showed 21 complete remissions, 13 partial remissions and 17 patients with stable or progressive disease. Twelve patients died during the follow-up (3-52 months). IFN-alpha led to an improved response in the early stages, with a greater number of complete remissions (P = 0.03) and partial remissions (P = 0.01). The mean time to complete remission was 4 months, regardless of clinical stage (P = 0.1). Of 21 patients in complete remission, 57% had a relapse within a mean period of 7.5 months. For patients maintained in complete remission, the mean period of response was 31 months. The length of complete remission was independent of clinical stage, and My7 antigen expression was not predictive of complete remission.
327 DECREASED EXPRESSION OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR MICRORNA-101 PROMOTES HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PROGRESSION THROUGH UPREGULATION OF POLYCOMB GROUP PROTEIN ENHANCER OF ZESTE HOMOLOG 2
Authors: L.-B. Xu, S. Beckebaum, G. Wu, S. Iacob, G.C. Sotiropoulos, C. Liu, H.H. Schmidt, G. Gerken, X.-Y. Zhang, M.-J. Lu, V.R. Cicinnati
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Hospital Central Sterile Supply
Authors: S. G. Griffin, F. M. Nixon, D. A. Sanford, J. F. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICALJOURNAIby the general practitioner.This could happen if the original conception of the health centre were introduced.The reduction of pressure on the casualty department would then allow the limited hospital staff to do their work more efficiently and quickly.In this area much valuable work was done in the cottage hospitals by general practitioners, and this underlines the statement made by various authorities (Lowden, 1956; British Orthopaedic Association, 1959) that peripheral hospitals have an important role in the treatment of casualties.All serious accident cases must be taken to the main accident centre even if the ambulance has to pass a small hospital on the way, for much time can be wasted and little good result if such a case is taken to a hospital not equipped to deal with it.Since this survey was made a new seven-bed resuscitation unit with separate nursing staff has been established at the Royal Hospital.The need for building new accident centres is emphasized.Present accommodation in Portsmouth, although of post-war construction, is now inadequate because of the ever-increasing number of casualties.We thank the Portsmouth Group Hospital Management Committee for its readiness to support the survey and for supplying us with secretarial aid and the required punch cards.We also thank Sister M. F. P. 0. McCabe and her