tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Medication Use, and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Antti-Jussi Pyykkönen, Katri Räikkönen, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Johan G. Eriksson, Leif Groop, Bo Isomaa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Although insulin resistance (IR) may underlie associations between depressive symptoms and diabetes, previous findings have been contradictory. We examined whether depressive symptoms associate with IR and insulin secretion, and, additionally, whether antidepressant medication use may modulate such associations.A total of 4,419 individuals underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Participants with previously or newly diagnosed diabetes are excluded from this sample. The homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and corrected insulin response (CIR) were calculated. Depressive symptoms and antidepressant medication use were self-reported.After controlling for confounding factors, depressive symptoms were associated with higher fasting and 30-min insulin during the OGTT and higher HOMA-IR but not CIR. Antidepressant medication use failed to modify these associations.Depressive symptoms are associated with IR but not with changes in insulin response when corrected for IR in individuals without previously or newly diagnosed diabetes.
Intestinal lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease); the immediate and prolonged effect of antibiotic therapy
Authors: J. M. Ruffin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It is now generally accepted that the treatment of choice for intestinal lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease) is antibiotic therapy.<sup>1-5</sup>At one time, it was thought that steroids were of value, and clinical recoveries after their administration have been reported.<sup>6</sup>However, the widespread use of antibiotics in febrile illness and in preoperative and postoperative management makes it difficult to conclude that those patients who recovered after the use of steroids did not also receive antibiotics at some time during the course of their disease.<sup>2</sup>Furthermore, recurrences after therapy are common,<sup>1,7</sup>and, unless the case has been followed for a considerable period, it is difficult to evaluate the long-term effect of treatment. To determine the immediate and the prolonged effect of antibiotic therapy in intestinal lipodystrophy, a review was undertaken of ten patients so treated at Duke University Medical Center during the past 15 years. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Sixteen
The legacy of Bristol: public disclosure of individual surgeons' results
Authors: Bruce Keogh, David Spiegelhalter, Alan Bailey, James Roxburgh, Patrick Magee, Colin Hilton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<i>Measurement of outcomes from medical or surgical interventions is part of good practice, but publication of individual doctors9 results remains controversial. The authors discuss this issue in the context of cardiothoracic surgery</i>
Abstract 2822: Dietary factors and risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic leukemia: A population-based prospective study
Authors: Huei-Ting Tsai, Amanda J. Cross, Barry I. Graubard, Martin Oken, Neil E. Caporaso
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic leukemia (CLL/SLL) is the most common leukemia in the western hemisphere. Age (advanced), race (Caucasian&amp;gt;Asian) and gender (male) are established risk factors and familial and migration studies strongly support a genetic component. No unequivocal extrinsic environmental risk factors have been reproducibly identified. Using prospective data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) cancer screening trial, we assessed the effect of diet on CLL/SLL risk. Methods: Usual dietary intake was assessed in both the intervention and control arms of the trial using a food-frequency questionnaire. We compared distributions of energy-adjusted food intake by CLL/SLL status using Wilcoxon-Rank tests. We categorized dietary intake by quartiles and computed p-values to assess trend effects in ordinal covariates. We used Cox proportional hazards regression, with age as the underlying time metric, to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 90,414 healthy participants in the PLCO trial, we identified 229 incident cases of CLL/SLL (median age of diagnosis was 71 years; 58% of cases were male) during up to 10 years of follow-up (median: 7 years). Comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of intake, we found no associations for red meat (OR=0.71, 95% CI= 0.47, 1.08), white meat (OR=1.28, 95%.C.I.= 0.87, 1.88),vegetables (OR=1.06, 95% CI= 0.70, 1.61), fruit (OR=0.99, 95% CI= 0.65, 1.51), fiber (OR=1.26, 95% CI= 0.84, 1.90) or fat (OR=0.98, 95% CI= 0.66, 1.46). When we assessed body mass index (BMI), we observed a suggestive increased risk of CLL/SLL, although the effects did not reach statistical significance (OR=1.19, 95% CI= 0.86, 1.64 for pre-obese (25&amp;lt;BMI ≤30); OR=1.20, 95% CI= 0.83, 1.75 for obese (BMI&amp;gt;30), compared to normal weight (18.5&amp;lt;BMI ≤25). Conclusions: We found no associations between diet and CLL/SLL. The observed tendency for an increase in BMI to be associated with CLL/SLL risk requires further follow-up. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2822.
Melanoma in adolescents and young adults (ages 15-39 years): United States, 1999-2006
Authors: Hannah K. Weir, Loraine D. Marrett, Vilma Cokkinides, Jill Barnholtz-Sloan, Pragna Patel, Eric Tai, Ahmedin Jemal, Jun Li, Julian Kim, Donatus U. Ekwueme
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)

Invasive melanoma of the skin is the third most common cancer diagnosed among adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) in the United States. Understanding the burden of melanoma in this age group is important to identifying areas for etiologic research and in developing effective prevention approaches aimed at reducing melanoma risk.Melanoma incidence data reported from 38 National Program of Cancer Registries and/or Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results statewide cancer registries covering nearly 67.2% of the US population were used to estimate age-adjusted incidence rates for persons 15-39 years of age. Incidence rate ratios were calculated to compare rates between demographic groups.Melanoma incidence was higher among females (age-adjusted incidence rates = 9.74; 95% confidence interval 9.62-9.86) compared with males (age-adjusted incidence rates = 5.77; 95% confidence interval 5.68-5.86), increased with age, and was higher in non-Hispanic white compared with Hispanic white and black, American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and Asian and Pacific Islanders populations. Melanoma incidence rates increased with year of diagnosis in females but not males. The majority of melanomas were diagnosed on the trunk in all racial and ethnic groups among males but only in non-Hispanic whites among females. Most melanomas were diagnosed at localized stage, and among those melanomas with known histology, the majority were superficial spreading.Accuracy of melanoma cases reporting was limited because of some incompleteness (delayed reporting) or nonspecific reporting including large proportion of unspecified histology.Differences in incidence rates by anatomic site, histology, and stage among adolescents and young adults by race, ethnicity, and sex suggest that both host characteristics and behaviors influence risk. These data suggest areas for etiologic research around gene-environment interactions and the need for targeted cancer control activities specific to adolescents and young adult populations.
The Control of Diseases (Social and Communicable)
Authors: Thomas E. Frothingham
Journal: JAMA (1964)

For purposes of review, this book may be divided into four parts. The first comprises a sweeping panorama of infectious disease presented concisely and with emphasis on broad biological and historical considerations. In this area of the book and again in the introduction to the final part, one comes to know the author and to respect him for his erudition and forthright philosophy. The second and principal part treats infectious diseases individually. Good illustrative use is made of certain outbreaks, as in the chapter on smallpox where nine such episodes are summarized. The depth to which the specific diseases are discussed varies markedly, with most of the material gathered from a long experience in Britain. While 62 pages are devoted to smallpox and vaccination, the relatively few diseases which were selected for discussion in chapters entitled "The Coxsackie Group of Diseases" and "Viral Encephalitides" receive inadequate and confusing coverage in
Long-Term Use of Chlorpropamide in Diabetes
Authors: Alfredo Cervantes-Amezcua
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Chlorpropamide was given to 479 selected patients during a six-year period. Analysis of results in 339 of these showed that 196 or 58% achieved satisfactory control and 143 or 42%, unsatisfactory control. In the latter group were 31 patients with primary and 17 with secondary failure. Noteworthy is the fact that the 339 patients included 95 whose response previously to other sulfonylureas had been unsatisfactory. Untoward effects were noted in 20 patients: gastrointestinal, nine; skin rash, seven; and symptomatic hypoglycemia, four patients. Jaundice considered due to chlorpropamide hypersensitivity occurred in one patient; in a second patient mild, transient jaundice may have occurred. In certain other patients abnormalities were noted in serial liver function tests but a comparison of findings with those in control subjects failed to reveal significant differences.
Clinical Leadership: Finding the leader of 2011
Authors: H. Morant, C. McDermott
Journal: BMJ (2011)

“Big improvements in care and quality of life do not always come from fancy drugs, professors, academic institutions, or, dare I say it, high profile surgeons but from simple commitment to patients and staff, and the ability to use the evidence that is already out there,” says Sam Everington, general practitioner in east London and a member of our judging panel.

The art of clinical leadership has never been in more demand. In the United Kingdom and worldwide, government and healthcare systems are looking to doctors to tell them how to organise and deliver healthcare. It is no longer enough to just lead a small clinical team; clinicians are now taking responsibility for whole patient pathways and the budgets that follow them.

And there are plenty of clinicians stepping up to meet the challenge. Many of the submissions combined leadership with managing limited resources, overcoming organisational …
Enterocolonic Fistula From Swallowed Denture
Authors: Isa Sejdinaj
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A 62-year-old white man could not find his partial dental plate one morning. His wife thought that the family dog had taken it and hidden it somewhere. A two-day family search failed to locate the missing denture. On the third day following the loss, the patient noted the onset of abdominal pain. A plain film, taken by the industrial physician at the patient's place of employment, showed the partial plate present "somewhere" in the abdomen. After another eight days, daily roentgenograms of the abdomen confirmed that the plate was not moving from its initial location. Meanwhile, his symptoms were minimal and consisted of vague and poorly localized abdominal distress. He was eating well, had no nausea or vomiting, and exhibited no problems with bowel habit. He ultimately sought further medical advice because the teeth were not shifting position. Admission scout film of the abdomen (Fig 1) at
German junior doctors in Britain Training in Germany is unstructured
Authors: B C Bende, J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

of the recommendations made by members of the Vascular Surgical Societyl 3 and of the findings in the Scottish report.'In general, this situation shows the need for well informed independent advice to purchasers.Clinical directors and vascular surgeons in trusts will inevitably provide advice that accords with the level of service available.Purchasers have to take advice either from experts outside the locality or from specialists in public health medicine who have knowledge of the relevant clinical and service issues and can assess the situation dispassionately.
The role of superoxide anion radical in the reduction of ferritin iron by xanthine oxidase.
Authors: D M Williams, G R Lee, G E Cartwright
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Superoxide dismutase exerted a pronounced inhibitory effect upon xanthine oxidase-mediated reduction of iron in ferritin, ferric chloride, or ferric ADP. Maximal inhibition was observed when the superoxide dismutase concentration was only about 1% of that found in normal porcine liver. These observations indicate that superoxide anion radical is an intermediate in the reduction of iron by xanthine oxidase in vitro but not in vivo.
Early Functional and Ultrastructural Recovery of Canine Cadaver Hearts
Authors: JACK COPELAND, JON C. KOSEK, EDWARD J. HURLEY
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Simulation of sudden death in a potential heart graft donor was accomplished by producing acute anoxic arrest in canine hearts that were then maintained at cadaver temperature for periods of from 15 to 60 minutes prior to reperfusion with oxygenated blood. Functional recovery of reperfused hearts measured by contractile force was more rapid for hearts that had undergone shorter periods of anoxic arrest. The rates of recovery were nearly identical within the group for 15 to 25 minutes and for 30 to 45 minutes of anoxic arrest, but not for the 60-minute anoxic arrest group in which two of four hearts made no recovery at all. Ultrastructural reactions to anoxic arrest were evident at 15 minutes and found to progress in a predictable manner as the duration of anoxia increased. Changes occurring during anoxic periods of up to 30 minutes were for the most part reversed within 1 hour of perfusion during which time characteristic nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial "recovery patterns" were encountered. With a "pump-dog" preparation, these reperfused hearts were well kept for up to 7 hours. Anoxic arrest of 45 minutes or more produced ultrastructural changes that were less consistently reversed by reperfusion of 1 hour. The sensitivity of mitochondrial structure to anoxic arrest and reperfusion was demonstrated, and suggested that irreversible cell damage (i.e., cell death) in anoxia is due to mitochondrial failure. The techniques of perfusion and ultrastructural sampling employed in these experiments should prove useful in studying the effects of hypothermia, drug application and other measures in the preservation and restoration of isolated hearts.
Isoniazid and Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: OSVALDO HÜBSCHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1978Isoniazid and Antinuclear AntibodiesOSVALDO HÜBSCHER, M.D., OSVALDO GARCÍA-MORTEO, M.D., ROBERT M. ARANA, M.D.OSVALDO HÜBSCHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, OSVALDO GARCÍA-MORTEO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROBERT M. ARANA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-1011_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Rothfield, Bierer, and Garfield state in a recent issue (1) that isoniazid alone or in combination is a potent inducer of antinuclear antibodies (ANA); in their prospective study 22% of 102 tuberculosis patients developed ANA after at least 1 month of treatment. In a prospective study, Siegel, Lee, and Peress (2) found no evidence of an increase of ANA after prolonged isoniazid therapy in 29 patients, but this result was regarded as inconclusive because of the small sample size.We have found ANA by indirect immunofluorescence in 6% of 80 isoniazid-treated tuberculosis patients at a mean dose...References1. ROTHFIELDBIERERGARFIELD NWJ: Isoniazid induction of antinuclear antibodies. A prospective study. Ann Intern Med 88:650-652, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SIEGELLEEPERESS MSN: The epidemiology of drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 10:407-415, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HÜBSCHERGARCÍA-MORTEOARANA OOR: Anticuerpos antinucleares en pacientes tuberculosos en tratamiento prolongado con isoniazida. Arch Argent Reumatol 34:7-13, 1971 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: CEMIC Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1978Volume 89, Issue 6Page: 1011-1011KeywordsAntinuclear antibodiesImmunofluorescenceIsoniazidProspective studies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Oesophageal Ulceration after Sclerotherapy - A Complication or an Accompaniment?
Authors: S.K. Sarin, R. Nanda, J.C. Vij, B.S. Anand
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Forty eight patients with oesophageal varices were serially endoscoped over a period of 3 weeks for the presence of oesophageal ulcers after the first course of sclerotherapy with absolute alcohol. Post-sclerotherapy oesophageal ulcers were seen in 94% patients on day 1, in 69% patients at 1 week and in only 12.5% patients at the end of 3 weeks. A strong correlation (r = + 0.88) was observed between the incidence of ulceration and the amount of sclerosant injected. In fact, all patients who received 3 ml or more of the sclerosant showed development of oesophageal ulcers. It can be concluded that oesophageal ulcers are probably a necessary accompaniment of sclerotherapy and should not be considered an avoidable complication.
Walking a Tightrope While Undetected by Radar
Authors: Andrew M. Wexler
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Zeke is a 1 1/2-year-old blue-eyed cherub whose Cupid's bow was broken at birth by the fissures of a bilateral cleft lip and palate. His mother Jean walked the precarious tightrope of the poverty line, often slipping and losing her balance but always seeming at the last moment to catch herself and her baby and pull them back to their unstable perch. Zeke's father worked a minimum-wage job, and I often sensed a distance between him and his family. I saw him only once during the preoperative and postoperative period of Zeke's cleft lip repair. When the time came for Zeke's surgery, he was readmitted to the hospital. During his preoperative visit, I found him as I usually did in my office, a bright, happy child, plump and well cared for. Jean, on the other hand, looked cadaveric. Her ashen skin was stretched tightly across her prominent cheekbones. Her deep-set
Characteristics of Women With and Without Breast Augmentation
Authors: Linda S. Cook, Janet R. Daling, Lynda F. Voigt, M. Patricia deHart, Kathleen E. Malone, Janet L. Stanford, Noel S. Weiss, Louise A. Brinton, Marilie D. Gammon, Donna Brogan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare selected characteristics of women with and without augmentation mammaplasty to identify differences between these 2 groups of women. <h3>Design and Study Participants.</h3> —White women identified as controls in previously conducted population-based, case-control studies formed the study population for the present cross-sectional analysis (N=3570). <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Interview information on selected characteristics was compared between women who had received augmentation mammaplasty (n=80) and other women (n=3490) using the prevalence odds ratio (pOR) as the measure of association. <h3>Results.</h3> —Women with breast implants were more likely to drink a greater average number of alcoholic drinks per week (for &gt;7 drinks vs 0 drinks: pOR=2.9, 95% confidence interval [Cl]=1.5-5.5), be younger at first pregnancy (for age &lt;20 years vs age 20-29 years: pOR=1.6,95% Cl=1.0-2.7), be younger at first birth (for age &lt;20 years vs age 20-29 years: pOR=11.9, 95% Cl=11.1-3.3), have a history of terminated pregnancies (for ≥1 termination vs 0 terminations: pOR=2.0, 95% Cl=1.2-3.4), have ever used oral contraceptives (pOR=2.2,95% Cl=1.0-4.7), have ever used hair dyes (pOR=4.5, 95% Cl=1.3-15.4), and have had a greater lifetime number of sexual partners (for ≥14 partners vs ≤4 partners: pOR=8.9, 95% Cl=3.1-25.5) than other women. A history of smoking, lactation, high blood pressure, or thyroid disorders, as well as the number of pregnancies, full-term births, or miscarriages, differed little between women with and without implants. Women with breast augmentation were much less likely to be heavy than other women (for &gt;74 kg vs &lt;56 kg: pOR=0.1, 95% Cl=0.03-0.3). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The differences we found between women with and without breast implants suggest that consideration and evaluation of confounding factors in future studies will help to clarify some of the long-term health consequences of having breast implants.
A Psychological Support Concept and Quality of Life Research in a Liver Transplantation Program: An Interdisciplinary Multicenter Study
Authors: B. Kober, Th. Küchler, Ch. Broelsch, B. Kremer, D. Henne-Bruns
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

Considering the increasing number of liver transplantations with longer periods of transplant function, there is a growing need for quality of life research in the field. In addition to lethality, mortality and rehabilitation, parameters of 'quality of life' are to be evaluated: the patient's rating of his subjective physical symptoms, psychological condition (anxiety, depression and mental adjustment), social reintegration and life satisfaction. This paper describes our psychological support program that has been established at the Hamburg LTX center as well as the first results of the ongoing QoL research study. Using the methods developed by the Hamburg Study group on 'quality of life in surgery', 38 liver transplantation patients of the University of Chicago (cross-sectional study with control groups of patients with chronic liver disease as well as healthy individuals) and 29 patients of the University Clinic of Hamburg (longitudinal study with points of evaluation before and 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after transplantation) have been evaluated. First results: (1) All successfully transplanted patients show a significant postoperative increase of their overall quality of life. (2) The psychological parameters of quality of life are only partly correlated with physical symptoms. (3) There is a high correlation between rejection crisis periods and the decreaes of all quality of life parameters. (4) In both samples men have a lower quality of life than women. (5) Preoperative depression and lack of social support might be considered as being possible risk factors for long-term survival. (6) Long-term survivors rate their quality of life significantly higher than patients with chronic liver disease and – despite some persisting somatic restrictions – as high as healthy controls. (7) A psychotherapeutic support program increases the patient's compliance resulting a better adaption to the transplant procedure including rehabilitation.
Why not encourage healthy eating through incentives?
Authors: I. Lake
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Why go for taxation that is largely punitive when tax incentives are easier and more likely to be successful?1 More than three quarters of food sales go through five supermarket chains and loyalty cards are in common use. Data mining companies routinely extract shopping data to generate profit through incentives. Why not look at this in a different way?

Governments could draw up a list of healthy foods and provide tax breaks to supermarkets if they could show that they had sold a high enough percentage …