tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic susceptibility to raised dermal scarring
Authors: J.J. Brown, A. Bayat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Raised skin scars, such as keloid and hypertrophic scars mostly occur post-wounding in the human dermis. There is compelling evidence for a genetic component to these conditions, given the familial predisposition, varied incidence in different ethnic populations and the presence in twins. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature regarding genetic susceptibility to raised dermal scarring. We identified relevant articles by a systematic search of relevant search engines. Key search terms included: keloid disease, hypertrophic scarring, fibrosis, linkage analysis, gene expression, human leucocyte antigen system (HLA), twins, families, case-control association study and congenital syndromes. Numerous candidate genes have been identified, along with potential linkage regions on different chromosomes. Recent data also suggest that carriers of specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles, in particular HLA-DRB1*15, HLA-DQA1*0104, DQB1*0501 and DQB1*0503, are at increased risk of developing keloid scarring. In addition, distinct immunophenotypical profiles can distinguish between keloid and hypertrophic scars. Keloid and hypertrophic scars are multifaceted aberrations of the healing process with as yet incompletely understood aetiologies. Current data suggest a genetic susceptibility with a strong immunogenic component to dermal fibrosis with MHC genes being implicated. It appears unlikely that a single gene is responsible for the development of raised dermal scars. A likely scenario may involve the interaction of several gene pathways in addition to environmental factors. The ability to assess accurately an individual's potential genetic susceptibility to raised scarring may lead to a more personalized approach to their management in the future.
Estrogen Receptors in Human Nontarget Tissues: Biological and Clinical Implications*
Authors: DANIEL R. CIOCCA, LAURA M. VARGAS ROIG
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

THE idea to write this review began a number of years ago when one of us (D.R.C.) was working in Dr. William L. McGuire's laboratory in San Antonio, Texas,1 where we were involved in the study of estrogen receptor(s) (ER) and estrogen-regulated proteins in breast cancer. At that time ER were beginning to be identified in tissues not considered classic targets for estrogens. The idea of reviewing the literature on the presence of ER in nontarget tissues did not prosper because there were methodological problems that could give false positives for ER, such as those reported in melanomas (1). However, at that time ER could be detected by ligand binding assays. More than 10 yr have passed and the study of ER has been improved with the advent and widespread use of monoclonal antibodies against the receptor protein. The presence of ER has been described in numerous normal and pathological tissues using ligandbinding and immunochemical assays. In addition, ER have also been studied at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and DNA level. We can now explore whether the receptor is functional and whether it controls gene and cell functions.
Evaluation of dopaminergic tone in hyperprolactinemia. III. Thyroid-stimulating hormone response to metoclopramide in differential diagnosis and postoperative follow-up of prolactinoma patients
Authors: Laura De Marinis, Antonio Mancini, Saba Minnielli, Renato Masala, Carmelo Anile, Giulio Maira, Antonino Barbarino
Journal: Metabolism (1985)
Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma increases the chance of treatment: Hong Kong experience
Authors: Man-Fung Yuen, Chi-Chung Cheng, I. J. Lauder, Shui-Kam Lam, Clara Gaik Ooi, Ching-Lung Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor because of the low chance of curative treatment. To increase the chance of intervention and to improve survival, early detection of subclinical HCC (SCHCC) by alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and/or ultrasonography (USG) screening is implemented in many countries. Three hundred six Chinese patients with HCC diagnosed between January 1995 and December 1997 were recruited. They were categorized into two groups: 142 patients (group 1) had SCHCC diagnosed by screening (AFP and/or USG), and 164 patients (group 2) presented with symptomatic HCC. The tumor size was significantly smaller in group 1 compared with that of group 2 (3.5 cm vs. 8.1 cm; P <.0001). A significantly higher proportion of patients had bilobar involvement, multifocal HCC, diffuse-type HCC, portal vein infiltration, and distant metastasis in group 2 when compared with group 1. Operability and feasibility of treatment by transcatheter intra-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in group 1 patients (26.8% and 45.1%, respectively) were significantly better than in group 2 patients (7.9% and 32.3%, P <.0001 and P =.03, respectively). The cumulative survival rate was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (P <.0001). For those who had surgical resection and those who had TACE, group 1 patients had a higher cumulative survival rate compared with that of group 2 patients (P =.04 and P =.0003, respectively). Screening for HCC by AFP and/or USG can identify tumors at an early stage, resulting in a higher chance of receiving treatment. Whether it can improve survival requires a further prospective, randomized study.
Frequencies and cyclical pattern of the human sphincter of Oddi phasic activity.
Authors: A Torsoli, E Corazziari, F I Habib, E De Masi, D Biliotti, R Mazzarella, D Giubilei, G Fegiz
Journal: Gut (1986)

Basal frequency of sphincter of Oddi phasic contractility has been repeatedly measured during endoscopic manometry and reported to range, in control subjects, from (M +/- SE) 3.0 +/- 0.6 to 7.5 +/- 0.7 c/min. Recently, high frequency (greater than 8 c/min) phasic contractions or absence of phasic activity were recorded in patients with postcholecystectomy or pancreatic complaints, possibly suggesting a sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. In the present study, sphincter of Oddi (biliary tract) phasic contractility was measured by perendoscopic manometry in 13 subjects without specific clinical symptoms of biliopancreatic disease and with a normal common bile and pancreatic duct at ERCP. Four T-tube patients with no evidence of common bile duct stones or papillary stenosis were studied for comparison (transductal sphincter of Oddi manometry). Basal frequency was found to range from 0 to 7 c/min (M +/- SE: 2.99 +/- 0.46) in perendoscopic manometry (85 min of recording time) and from 0 to 12 c/min (2.0 +/- 0.3) in transductal manometry (2546 min of recording time). Long lasting transductal recordings also showed that frequency of activity derived from the sphincter area varied cyclically in close relation with the duodenal migrating motor complex. It is concluded that the sphincter of Oddi in man is likely to participate in the interdigestive gastrointestinal motor activity and that short perendoscopic recordings may not be representative of the overall sphincter of Oddi activity.
Three-dimensional transesophsgeal echocardiographic assessment of left and right ventricular outflow tract in pediatric congenital heart disease
Authors: A. Dall'Agata, A.H. Cromme-Dijkhuis, F.J. Meijboom, J.S. McGhie, M.A. Taams, J.R.T.C. Roelandt, A.J.J.C. Bogers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract 4609: Novel phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites regulate ROS-dependent degradation of c-FLIP and sensitization of cancer cells to TRAIL.
Authors: Rachel P. Wilkie-Grantham, Shu-Ichi Matsuzawa, John C. Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The cytosolic protein c-FLIP (cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin 1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein) is an inhibitor of death receptor-mediated apoptosis that is up-regulated in a variety of cancers, contributing to apoptosis resistance. Several compounds found to restore sensitivity of cancer cells to TRAIL, a TNF family death ligand with promising therapeutic potential, act by targeting c-FLIP ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in c-FLIP protein degradation. However, the mechanism by which ROS post-transcriptionally regulate c-FLIP protein levels is not well understood. We show here that treatment of prostate cancer PPC-1 cells with the superoxide generators menadione or paraquat down-regulates c-FLIP long (c-FLIPL) protein levels, which is prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Furthermore, pretreatment of PPC-1 cells with a ROS scavenger prevented ubiquitination and loss of c-FLIPL protein induced by menadione or paraquat. We identified lysine 167 as a novel ubiquitination site of c-FLIPL important for ROS-dependent degradation. We also identified threonine 166 as a novel phosphorylation site and demonstrate that T166 phosphorylation is required for ROS-induced K167 ubiquitination. The mutation of either T166 or K167 was sufficient to stabilize c-FLIP protein levels in PPC-1, HEK293T, and HeLa cancer cells treated with menadione or paraquat. Accordingly, expression of c-FLIP T166A or K167R mutants protected cells from ROS-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced cell death. Our findings reveal novel ROS-dependent post-translational modifications of c-FLIP that regulate c-FLIP protein degradation and subsequent sensitization of cancer cells to TRAIL. Citation Format: Rachel P. Wilkie-Grantham, Shu-Ichi Matsuzawa, John C. Reed. Novel phosphorylation and ubiquitination sites regulate ROS-dependent degradation of c-FLIP and sensitization of cancer cells to TRAIL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4609. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4609
PNEUMONIC LESIONS CAUSED BY BACILLUS MEGATHERIUM
Authors: Martha Wollstein, S. J. Meltzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

THE ESSENTIAL POINTS OF OUR RESULTS ARE AS FOLLOWS: The saprophytic Bacillus megatherium produced a definite pulmonary lesion which in gross appearance resembled the lesion of lobar pneumonia. The lesion was one of intense leucocytic exudation which, as in some other cases of experimental lobar pneumonia, did not invade the framework of the lung. But the exudate contained no fibrin. There were practically no bacilli, either in the heart's blood or in the lung. The growth of two colonies from one of the cases hardly changes the rule. The lesion did not progress after twenty-four hours; nor did it show a definite increase in extent or intensity with the increase in quantity of the injected cultures. The resolution of the exudate began practically at the end of twenty-four hours and was far advanced on the third day. Although there was considerable leucocytic infiltration there was no phagocytosis apparent twenty-four hours after inoculation. Taking all the facts into consideration one gains the impression that the lesion produced by the saprophytic Bacillus megatherium differs only quantitatively from that produced by an avirulent pneumococcus. The fact stands out prominently that a saprophytic bacterium is capable of producing a pneumonic lesion similar in gross appearance to that of mild lobar pneumonia. It is not improbable that other saprophytes may be capable of producing pneumonic lesions which, in specific instances, may resemble lobular pneumonia.
Authors' reply to Notcutt
Authors: F. B. Fukushima, D. M. Bezerra, P. J. F. V. Boas, A. P. Valle, E. I. O. Vidal
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We agree with Notcutt that prompt referral of patients with complex regional pain syndrome to specialty pain clinics is essential.1 2 This belief is shared by most pain medicine specialists and is reaffirmed by management guidelines.3 4 5 However, when searching the literature to write the article we were alarmed by the …
CHROMICIZED CATGUT AS A MEANS OF DIRECT FIXATION IN THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES AND OSTEOTOMIES, WITH A REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: F. W. JAY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Without attempting to depreciate the mechanical value of unabsorbable material as a means of direct fixation of the bone fragments in operations performed for the cure of fracture, the writer believes that bone repair is accomplished more rapidly and satisfactorily in the absence of foreign bodies from the bone. He is further convinced that in many cases in which some form of direct fixation of the fractured ends is required, a comparatively readily absorbable material will suffice. Consequently this case, an ununited fracture of the femur of one year's standing, in which some immediate mechanical support was required to retain the bone ends in apposition, and in which sutures of chromicized catgut met the requirements perfectly, is reported. From the conditions found at the operation, and the methods adopted to secure fixation and union, some points of practical value may be gathered. Histological research has demonstrated facts in regard to
Early use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts improved outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding
Authors: Jacob Korula
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club19 October 2010Early use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts improved outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleedingJacob Korula, MDJacob Korula, MDArcadia, California, USA (J.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGarcía-Pagán JC, Caca K, Bureau C, et al. Early use of TIPS in patients with cirrhosis and variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:2370-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20573925Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Gastroenterology: References1 Afdhal NH, Curry MP. Early Tips to improve survival in acute variceal bleeding [editorial]. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:2421-2. [PMID: 20573931] Google Scholar2 Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J. Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:823-32. [PMID: 20200386] Google Scholar3 Gonzalez R, Zamora J, Gomez-Camarero J, et al. Meta-analysis: combination endoscopic and drug therapy to prevent variceal rebleeding in cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:109-22. [PMID: 18626050] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Arcadia, California, USA (J.K.)This article was published at Annals.org on 5 October 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 8Page: JC4-6KeywordsBrain diseasesCirrhosisDrug therapyDrugsEndoscopyHemorrhageLigation assayMortalitySomatostatinStent implantation ePublished: 19 October 2010 Issue Published: 19 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Rare coincidence of hypertriploid chromosome number and aberrant coexpression of the lymphoid-associated antigen CD5 in acute myeloid Leukaemia FAB M0
Authors: C Kahl, A Knopp, B Steiner, M Leithäuser, S Wilhelm, H-D Kleine, D Wolff, J Casper, M Freund
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Detection of excessive bronchoconstriction in asthma.
Authors: W J Gibbons, A Sharma, D Lougheed, P T Macklem
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Airway hyperresponsiveness is easily assessed by measuring the concentration or dose of an inhaled agonist that produces a defined response, e.g., PC20 or PD20. However, this measure does not assess excessive bronchoconstriction. We report the results of analyzing bronchial dose-response curves by measuring percent fall in vital capacity (delta FVC%) as the response rather than the PC20. In our analysis, delta FVC% was measured at the PC20, and therefore it was the dependent variable, whereas the concentration of agonist was the independent variable, in contrast to the usual bronchoprovocation tests in which the response is the independent variable and the dose is the dependent variable. We reasoned that a dose-dependent increase in gas trapping with histamine would detect excessive bronchoconstriction as a decrease in FVC; in contrast, PC20 measures only the ease of bronchoconstriction. In 10 patients with mild asthma the reproducibility of delta FVC% when FEV1 fell by 20%, i.e., at the PC20 concentration of histamine, taken from a greater than 6-s FVC on an otherwise standard histamine challenge test was comparable to that of PC20. In 10 healthy asymptomatic subjects there were only trivial falls (0.3%) in FVC to as much as 16 mg/ml histamine. In a retrospective study of 146 patients with mild asthma, the delta FVC% was normally distributed (13.2 +/- 5.5 SD%) and did not correlate with the number of beta 2-agonist prescriptions or the PC20, but it did correlate with the number of prescriptions written per month for oral prednisone (r = 0.55, p < 0.02). We conclude that delta FVC% when FEV1 falls by 20% is a safe method of detecting excessive bronchoconstriction, and it reveals that different asthmatics react in fundamentally different ways to the same agonist. This may be useful in detecting the asthmatic at risk for serious disease.
Benzodiazepine hypnotics remain effective for 24 weeks.
Authors: I Oswald, C French, K Adam, J Gilham
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Ninety-seven poor sleepers aged 40-68 years took capsules nightly for 32 weeks and made daily subjective ratings. The benzodiazepine hypnotics lormetazepam 2 mg and nitrazepam 5 mg appeared still to improve sleep after 24 weeks of intake when compared with continuous placebo intake. The sustained effectiveness was most evident in a significant shortening of the time taken to fall asleep in patients receiving lormetazepam. After weeks, sleep latency and the quality of sleep were significantly worse than baseline values. The impairment was maximal on the second night after withdrawal of lormetazepam and on the fourth night after withdrawal of nitrazepam. It is concluded that benzodiazepines remain effective for at least 24 weeks but that a period of disturbed sleep may be expected after withdrawal.
INDUCTION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS BY MULTIPLE BLOOD TRANSFUSION IN URAEMIC PATIENTS
Authors: Z. Varghese, M.K. Chan, O.N. Fernando, P. Sweny, R.A. Baillod, J.F. Moorhead, M.A.M. Hussain, A.V. Hoffbrand
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Gastric emptying in chronic renal failure.
Authors: P T McNamee, G W Moore, M G McGeown, C C Doherty, B J Collins
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Etude de 14 malades atteints d'uremie, dont 4 sous hemodialyse depuis quelques mois. Comparaison avec 11 temoins normaux. L'evacuation du contenu de l'estomac, evaluee au moyen d'un radioisotope, est retardee en cas d'insuffisance renale. Il faudrait en tenir compte dans le traitement, et peut-etre administrer a ces malades un agent stimulant la motilite gastrique
Elkenella corrodens Infection
Authors: DANIEL D. VON HOFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Correction1 August 1974Elkenella corrodens InfectionDANIEL D. VON HOFF, M.D., ROGER S. KIMBALL, M.D.DANIEL D. VON HOFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROGER S. KIMBALL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-2-273 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We have read with interest the paper on Eikenella corrodens (Ann Intern Med 80:305-309, 1974). Recently, we saw a case of eikenella infection in a complex setting.An 85-year-old Chinese woman was admitted with nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant pain. She had had a cholecystectomy in 1963 for presumed cholecystitis, at which time infestation withClonorchis sinensiswas discovered in the specimen. Since then she has had many episodes of ascending cholangitis, with two documented episodes of sepsis in 1966 and 1969. Common duct exploration in 1970 confirmed theClonorchis sinensisinfestation. Old records also showed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIEL D. VON HOFF, M.D.; ROGER S. KIMBALL, M.D.Affiliations: University of California Hospital San Francisco, California 94115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEikenella corrodens as PathogenJ.G. SlNKOVICS, M.D., C. PLAGER, M.D., KAREN MILLS, M.S.M. D.Erythromycin Estolate Induced Hepatotoxicity 1 August 1974Volume 81, Issue 2 Page: 273-274 Keywords Cholecystectomy Nausea Sepsis Vomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Selectionism and Neutralism in Molecular Evolution
Authors: M. Nei
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Charles Darwin proposed that evolution occurs primarily by natural selection, but this view has been controversial from the beginning. Two of the major opposing views have been mutationism and neutralism. Early molecular studies suggested that most amino acid substitutions in proteins are neutral or nearly neutral and the functional change of proteins occurs by a few key amino acid substitutions. This suggestion generated an intense controversy over selectionism and neutralism. This controversy is partially caused by Kimura's definition of neutrality, which was too strict \(({\vert}2Ns{\vert}{\leq}1).\) If we define neutral mutations as the mutations that do not change the function of gene products appreciably, many controversies disappear because slightly deleterious and slightly advantageous mutations are engulfed by neutral mutations. The ratio of the rate of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution to that of synonymous substitution is a useful quantity to study positive Darwinian selection operating at highly variable genetic loci, but it does not necessarily detect adaptively important codons. Previously, multigene families were thought to evolve following the model of concerted evolution, but new evidence indicates that most of them evolve by a birth-and-death process of duplicate genes. It is now clear that most phenotypic characters or genetic systems such as the adaptive immune system in vertebrates are controlled by the interaction of a number of multigene families, which are often evolutionarily related and are subject to birth-and-death evolution. Therefore, it is important to study the mechanisms of gene family interaction for understanding phenotypic evolution. Because gene duplication occurs more or less at random, phenotypic evolution contains some fortuitous elements, though the environmental factors also play an important role. The randomness of phenotypic evolution is qualitatively different from allele frequency changes by random genetic drift. However, there is some similarity between phenotypic and molecular evolution with respect to functional or environmental constraints and evolutionary rate. It appears that mutation (including gene duplication and other DNA changes) is the driving force of evolution at both the genic and the phenotypic levels.