tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The intrabronchial microbial flora in chronic bronchitis patients: a target for N-acetylcysteine therapy?
Authors: GC Riise, S Larsson, P Larsson, S Jeansson, BA Andersson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Chronic bronchitis is common among smokers, often together with recurrent infectious exacerbations. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are the pathogens traditionally considered most important. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment has been shown to reduce the number of infectious exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis. The mechanism behind this is unknown. We attempted to characterize the intrabronchial bacterial flora in patients with chronic bronchitis in an infection-free interval, and to determine whether pharmacological and immunological factors effected the bacterial occurrence. Twenty two smokers with non-obstructive chronic bronchitis, 19 smokers with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 14 healthy nonsmokers underwent bronchoscopy. To obtain uncontaminated intrabronchial samples, a protected specimen brush was used. Quantitative bacterial cultures and virus isolations were performed. Significantly positive bacterial cultures (> 1,000 colony-forming units (cfu).ml-1) were found only in the patients. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were found in five patients, and only in the patients without NAC treatment. The most common bacterium was alpha-haemolytic streptococcus. Negative cultures were more common in the healthy controls. Of the various factors examined, only NAC medication had an influence on bacterial numbers. Significantly fewer patients with NAC medication had positive cultures (3 out of 16) than in the group of patients without NAC therapy (15 out of 21). Our results confirm that chronic bronchitis in smokers leads to increased intrabronchial bacterial colonization. We could also confirm that 1,000 cfu.ml-1 is an adequate cut-off level for significant bacterial growth when using the protected specimen brush. NAC medication was associated with low bacterial numbers.
Colistin in Purulent Bronchial Infections
Authors: N. P. Halliday
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BRMICnSan external pressure of 40 mm.Hg was regularly observed to reduce blood flow considerably, and in a proportion of subjects flow was apparently reduced to zero.In addition, studies with radioactive sodium injected into the calf or forearm muscle show that the clearance of this may cease altogether in some subjects when a splint is inflated around the limb to pressures around 40 mm.Hg (see Fig.).These studies SPLINT PRESSURE mm.
Correction: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as an Antiemetic in Methotrexate Treatment
Authors: ALFRED E. CHANG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1985Correction: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as an Antiemetic in Methotrexate TreatmentALFRED E. CHANG, M.D.ALFRED E. CHANG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-5-726_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I want to correct a statement published in our article in December 1979 (1). In the Results section, we said: "In placebo trials, where the plasma concentrations were 0 ng/mL, patients experienced nausea or vomiting, or both, in 65 of 90 time intervals, an incidence of 72%. " Table 2 indicates that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations in placebo trials were 0 ng/mL and implies that all placebo samples were assayed. However, not all placebo blood samples were assayed. Actually, 36 placebo samples were analyzed and had no detectable plasma THC, so we assumed that all other placebo samples...Reference1. CHANGSHILINGSTILLMAN ADR. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate: a prospective randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:819-24. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALFRED E. CHANG, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCorrection: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Experimental CigarettesALFRED E. CHANG, M.D. 1 May 1985Volume 102, Issue 5Page: 726-726KeywordsAttentionBloodBlood plasmaMethotrexateNauseaVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Lelde B. Gilman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

According to the editorial statement,<i>Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery</i>is dedicated to the presentation of timely, high-quality visual information on new surgical procedures and techniques as well as discussion of issues in the surgical management of problems in otology, rhinology, laryngology, reconstructive head and neck surgery, and facial plastic surgery. New nonoperative techniques will also be highlighted. The primary goal is superb, detailed illustrations, in most issues on a central theme. Several existing journals already present clinical and experimental research in this area, eg, Saunders' own<i>Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, Archives of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery</i>(American Medical Association),<i>Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery</i>(American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery),<i>Current Therapy in Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery</i>(Decker),<i>Head and Neck Surgery</i>(Wiley), and<i>Year Book of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery</i>(Year Book). There is, however, currently no source for both multiauthored articles and pictorial presentations
Megestrol for AIDS-Related Anorexia
Authors: Ulrich R. Hengge
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 June 1995Megestrol for AIDS-Related AnorexiaUlrich R. Hengge, Norbert H. Brockmeyer, and Manfred GoosUlrich R. HenggeSearch for more papers by this author, Norbert H. BrockmeyerSearch for more papers by this author, and Manfred GoosSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The articles by Von Roenn and colleagues [1] and Oster and associates [2] showed an important subjective benefit of megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS-related cachexia. However, no substantial increase in lean body mass or total body muscle mass was evident in either study, factors that alone can improve physical functionality (Karnofsky performance score) or robustness toward infection.The authors need to show risk group data because lifestyle and nutritional habits differ, for example, between intravenous drug users and homosexuals or patients with hemophilia. More information on the treatment of patients with Kaposi sarcoma is warranted because ...References1. Von Roenn JH, Armstrong D, Kotler DP, Cohn DL, Klimas NG, Tchekmedyian NS, et al. Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS-related cachexia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:393-9. Google Scholar2. Oster MH, Enders SR, Samuels SJ, Cone LA, Hooton TM, Browder HP, et al. Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS and cachexia. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:400-8. Google Scholar3. Hengge UR, Baumann M, Brockmeyer NH, Goos M. Oxymetholone promotes weight gain in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection. Br J Nutr. 1995; (In press). Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA retrospective study of the association between megestrol acetate administration and mortality among nursing home residents with clinically significant weight lossEffects of megestrol acetate on pituitary function and end-organ hormone secretion: A post hoc analysis of serum samples from a 12-week study in healthy older menDouble-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial of oxymetholone for the treatment of HIV wastingMegestrol acetate therapy and secondary adrenal suppression 1 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 11Page: 879-881KeywordsBody weightMuscle proteinsMusclesNutritionPilot studiesPneumoniaSteroidsTestosteroneWeight gainWeight loss Issue Published: 1 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Stop exploiting orphan drugs
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The most surprising revelation in this week’s BMJ is that there’s a website that lists drugs that can be “orphaned” and exploited for profit. In an open letter to Britain’s prime minister, 21 neurologists and paediatricians call for an urgent review into the pricing of orphan drugs (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6466). Legislation meant to encourage development of new treatments for rare diseases is instead severely limiting availability of existing treatments, they say, costing the taxpayer unnecessary millions and reaping massive profits for drug companies.

As Nigel Hawkes and Deborah Cohen describe (doi:10.1136/bmj.c6459), a company needs only to find an unlicensed drug and license it for use in a rare condition, citing little more than pre-existing evidence of …
Cost-effective Treatment of Depression
Authors: Gil Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —As a family physician participant in the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), I would advise Drs Sturm and Wells 1 not to extrapolate 1986 data on the use of psychotropic medications by generalist clinicians to 1994. In 1986,I wasn't using antidepressants that often, but I've come to use them frequently and, I believe, appropriately. I'm sure other general medical clinicians have changed their prescribing habits as well. Newer medications and increased continuing medical education offerings have combined to increase our familiarity with and use of antidepressants.  I reviewed the chart of a depressed patient participant in the MOS. In 1986, this patient was receiving alprazolam as her only drug. Now she is receiving therapeutic doses of two antidepressants, trazodone and fluoxetine, in addition to a reduced dose of alprazolam. If I saw a similar patient today, I would prescribe antidepressants alone. This is probably true of other general medical
IκBα Kinase Inhibitor IKI-1 Conferred Tumor Necrosis Factor α Sensitivity to Pancreatic Cancer Cells and a Xenograft Tumor Model
Authors: Yixian Zhang, Maria Gavriil, Judy Lucas, Sreekala Mandiyan, Max Follettie, Veronica Diesl, Fuk-Wah Sum, Dennis Powell, Steve Haney, Robert Abraham, Kim Arndt
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) has been used to treat patients with certain tumor types. However, its antitumor activity has been undermined by the activation of IkappaBalpha kinase (IKK), which in turn activates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) to help cancer cells survive. Therefore, inhibition of TNFalpha-induced IKK activity with specific IKK inhibitor represents an attractive strategy to treat cancer patients. This study reveals IKI-1 as a potent small molecule inhibitor of IKKalpha and IKKbeta, which effectively blocked TNFalpha-mediated IKK activation and subsequent NF-kappaB activity. Using gene profiling analysis, we show that IKI-1 blocked most of the TNFalpha-mediated mRNA expression, including many genes that play important roles in cell survival. We further show that in vitro and in vivo combination of TNFalpha with IKI-1 had superior potency than either agent alone. This increased potency was due primarily to the increased apoptosis in the presence of both TNFalpha and IKI-1. Additionally, IKKbeta small interfering RNA transfected cells were more sensitive to the treatment of TNFalpha. The study suggests that the limited efficacy of TNFalpha in cancer treatment was due in part to the activation of NF-kappaB, allowing tumor cells to escape apoptosis. Therefore, the combination of IKI-1 with TNFalpha may improve the efficacy of TNFalpha for certain tumor types.
Inactivation of the E3/LAPTm5 gene by chromosomal rearrangement and DNA methylation in human multiple myeloma
Authors: Y Hayami, S Iida, N Nakazawa, I Hanamura, M Kato, H Komatsu, I Miura, B J Dave, W G Sanger, B Lim, M Taniwaki, R Ueda
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis with 5-amino salicylic acid in high doses by mouth.
Authors: M J Dew, A D Harries, N Evans, B K Evans, J Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1983)

range= 40-100 IU/1) respectively.Tests for hepatitis B surface antigen were negative.Ultrasonography of liver and gall bladder was normal.Anaphylactoid purpura was diagnosed and treatment with intravenous hydrocortisone 100 mg four times daily started.Respiratory and abdominal symptoms resolved completely within 18 hours.The patient was discharged home nine days later taking a gradually decreasing dose of prednisolone.He remained well six weeks later and steroid treatment was stopped.All haematological and biochemical indices were within normal limits.
Glaucoma Drug Significantly Slows the Progression of Vision Loss
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential in protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage
Authors: G DING, M FU, Q QIN, W LEWIS, H KIM, T FUKAI, M BACANAMWO, Y CHEN, M SCHNEIDER, D MANGELSDORF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Objectives Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and β/δ are essential transcriptional regulators of fatty acid oxidation in the heart. However, little is known about the roles of PPARδ in the heart. The present study is to investigate in vivo role(s) of PPARδ in the heart.
Abstract 2971: Methylation-mediated silencing of microRNAs during cervical carcinogenesis.
Authors: Saskia Marije Wilting, Wina Verlaat, Annelieke Jaspers, Nour A. Makazaji, Reuven Agami, Chris JLM Meijer, Peter JF Snijders, Renske DM Steenbergen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Deregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is common and biologically relevant in cervical carcinogenesis and appears only partly related to chromosomal changes. We recently identified 34 miRNAs showing decreased expression in cervical high-grade precursor lesions and carcinomas not associated with a chromosomal loss, 6 of which were located within a CpG island. This study aimed to investigate to what extent these miRNAs are subject to DNA methylation-mediated silencing in cervical carcinogenesis. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis on a cell line panel representing different stages of human papillomavirus (HPV) induced transformation revealed an increase in methylation of hsa-miR-149, -203, and -375 with progression to malignancy, whereas expression of these miRNAs was restored upon treatment with a demethylating agent. All three miRNAs showed significantly increased levels of methylation in cervical carcinomas, whereas methylation levels of hsa-miR-203 and -375 were also significantly increased in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A pilot analysis showed that increased hsa-miR-203 methylation was also detectable in HPV-positive cervical scrapes of women with high-grade CIN compared to controls. Similar to recent findings on hsa-miR-375, ectopic expression of hsa-miR-203 in cervical cancer cells decreased both the proliferation rate and anchorage independent growth. We found evidence for methylation-mediated silencing of hsa-miR-149, -203 and -375 in cervical cancer. Methylation of the latter two was already apparent in precancerous lesions and represent functionally relevant events in HPV-mediated transformation. In addition, as demonstrated for hsa-miR-203, these methylated miRNAs may provide valuable markers for assessment of the presence of (pre)cancerous cervical lesions in HPV-positive women. Citation Format: Saskia Marije Wilting, Wina Verlaat, Annelieke Jaspers, Nour A. Makazaji, Reuven Agami, Chris JLM Meijer, Peter JF Snijders, Renske DM Steenbergen. Methylation-mediated silencing of microRNAs during cervical carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2971. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2971
Medico-Legal Implications of Death and Dying
Authors: Miles J. Gullickson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In this timely book, the author, a California attorney, summarizes current medicolegal opinion affecting decisions concerned with death and dying. So clear, concise, and yet so complete is the exposition that it will be an invaluable reference source for physicians and other health professionals, as well as for the attorneys and courts who are entering more and more into a decision-making process formerly restricted to the patientphysician-family relationship. The author has also drawn on his own 15-year interest in the legal aspects of health problems to add persuasive personal insights where existing legal precedents are nonexistent or inadequate. Religious ethics and societal mores, necessarily factors in many of these decisions, deserve and receive special consideration. The title does not convey the extent to which related subjects often associated with death, dying, and birth are also discussed. The chapters contain sections on informed consent by competent and incompetent persons and by
Long term reduction in vascular morbidity and mortality in men with severe OSA
Authors: I Chakravorty
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Marin JM, Carrizo SJ, Vicente E, Agusti AGN. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study. Lancet2005;365:1046–53 [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] Evidence from observational studies has implicated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. However, such studies have been complicated by the presence of uncontrolled co-factors such as obesity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus and by the absence of randomisation. There has been little … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DLancet%26rft.stitle%253DLancet%26rft.aulast%253DMarin%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BM.%26rft.volume%253D365%26rft.issue%253D9464%26rft.spage%253D1046%26rft.epage%253D1053%26rft.atitle%253DLong-term%2Bcardiovascular%2Boutcomes%2Bin%2Bmen%2Bwith%2Bobstructive%2Bsleep%2Bapnoea-hypopnoea%2Bwith%2Bor%2Bwithout%2Btreatment%2Bwith%2Bcontinuous%2Bpositive%2Bairway%2Bpressure%253A%2Ban%2Bobservational%2Bstudy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15781100%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15781100&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F6%2F503.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000227731800029&link_type=ISI
Myxoma Virus Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine and Is an Effective Oncolytic Virotherapeutic in Models of Disseminated Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sonia Tusell Wennier, Jia Liu, Shoudong Li, Masmudur M. Rahman, Mahmoud Mona, Grant McFadden
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a novel oncolytic virus that has been shown to replicate in pancreatic cancer cells, but its efficacy in animal models of pancreatic cancer has not been determined. The efficacy of MYXV as monotherapy or in combination with gemcitabine was evaluated in intraperitoneal dissemination (IPD) models of pancreatic cancer. The effects of an intact immune system on the efficacy of MYXV therapy was tested by comparing immunodeficient versus immunocompetent murine models and combination therapy with gemcitabine was also evaluated. In cell culture, MYXV replication was robust in a broad range of pancreatic cancer cells and also showed increased oncolysis in combination with gemcitabine. In animal models, MYXV treatment conferred survival benefits over control or gemcitabine-treated cohorts regardless of the cell line or animal model used. MYXV monotherapy was most effective in an immunocompetent IPD model, and resulted in 60% long-term survivors. In Pan02 engrafted immunocompetent IPD models, sequential treatment in which MYXV was administered first, followed by gemcitabine, was the most effective and resulted in 100% long-term survivors. MYXV is an effective oncolytic virus for pancreatic cancer and can be combined with gemcitabine to enhance survival, particularly in the presence of an intact host immune system.