tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender-related differences in bile acid and sterol metabolism in outbred CD-1 mice fed low- and high-cholesterol diets
Authors: Stephen D. Turley, Margrit Schwarz, David K. Spady, John M. Dietschy
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

These studies were undertaken to determine whether in young adult outbred CD-1 mice there were any gender-related differences in basal bile acid metabolism that might be important in determining how males and females in this species responded to a dietary cholesterol challenge. When fed a plain cereal-based rodent diet without added cholesterol, 3-month-old females, compared with age-matched males, manifested a significantly larger bile acid pool (89.1 vs. 54.1 μmol/100 g body weight), a higher rate of fecal bile acid excretion (13.6 vs. 8.5 μmol/d/100 g body weight), a more efficient level of intestinal cholesterol absorption (41.1% vs. 25.3%), and a lower rate of hepatic sterol synthesis (338 vs. 847 nmol/h/g). Similar results were found in C57BL/6 and 129Sv inbred mice. In matching groups of CD-1 mice fed a diet containing 1% cholesterol for 21 days, hepatic cholesterol levels increased much more in the females (from 2.4 to 9.1 mg/g) than in the males (from 2.1 to 5.2 mg/g). This occurred even though the level of stimulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity in the females (79%) exceeded that in the males (55%), as did the magnitude of the increase in fecal bile acid excretion (females: 262% vs. males: 218%). However, in both sexes, bile acid pool size expanded only modestly and by a comparable degree (females: 19% vs. males: 26%) so that in the cholesterol-fed groups, the pool remained substantially larger in the females than in the males (102.3 vs. 67.6 μmol/100 g body weight). Together, these data demonstrate that while male and female CD-1 mice do not differ qualitatively in the way cholesterol feeding changes their bile acid metabolism, the inherently larger bile acid pool in the female likely facilitates the delivery of significantly more dietary cholesterol to the liver than is the case in males, thereby resulting in higher steady-state hepatic cholesterol levels.
Compulsory Treatment of Alcoholics
Authors: E. B. Ritson
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BMRNA, do we interfere with the natural forces com- bating a virus invasion in our patients ?To relieve discomfort ?But the fever relapses, the patient vomits from chemical gastritis; septic throats, ears, sinuses, and chests are common sequelae with aspirin treatment.Even the simple cold cannot be endured with- out resort to an increasingly ominous array of short-cut suppressive drugs, which cause the colds to abort, relapse, and abort again until, when the reservoirs of virus have swollen to overwhelming proportions in the host, a major febrile "influenza " develops.Anyone who is interested in the natural history of respiratory virus illness, and the host capacity to deal with it effectively, has only to follow Dr. Bowie's example by ceas- ing to use antipyretic drugs.I have used garlic oil, soda mints, sulphur and glucose, and oil of violets as placebos for five years in persons of all ages from birth up to 50.During this period most patients, especially the parents of children, have learned the simple trick of avoiding aspirin and are very happy with the result.We don't need anal- gesics very often, because tonsillitis and otitis
Release of copper from copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices.
Authors: E Chantler, F Critoph, M Elstein
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We measured the rate of release from copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) with varying copper surface areas. Over 135 days of observation the release rate decreased exponentially. This decrease in the release rate was associated with the deposition of a protein layer on the surface of the metal. The bioavailability of copper on IUDs was not related to the volume of copper remaining on the device. Consequently any increase in the copper surface area of an IUD is unlikely to affect the duration of its copper-dependent contraceptive action.
Naltrexone and problems in pain management
Authors: A P Vickers, A Jolly
Journal: BMJ (2006)

in the process.The difficulty this creates is that variations in clinical performance are as old as the NHS and have proved resistant to action by successive governments.Thirdly, eliminating financial deficits must involve the full engagement of clinical teams in all NHS organisations.Some improvements can be achieved through leadership by chief executives and management teams, but the critical decisions on the use of resources arise out of the day to day actions of the teams that deliver care to patients.If change is imposed on these teams against their will, energy that might be channelled into strengthening the performance of challenged organisations will be displaced into unproductive conflict between managers and clinicians.Leadership of the highest order will be needed to avoid this risk and to deliver changes that both improve patient care and increase financial stability.The organisations with the biggest deficits are under pressure in part because of weaknesses in leadership, and the NHS lacks a reserve of talented managers able to help in these circumstances.This is, of course, why ministers have looked to the private sector to bring in its skills at a critical juncture
THE METHODS AND TECHNIC OF THE DEEP ALCOHOL INJECTIONS FOR TRIFACIAL NEURALGIA.
Authors: D'ORSAY HECHT
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A glance at contemporaneous medical and surgical literature quickly brings one to a full realization of the special interest that is centered in the study of trigeminal neuralgia, an interest always likely to be renewed so long as the pathogenesis of the disease remains obscure and the agonizing pain eludes our complete and permanent control. If we establish an inquiry into the measure adopted to prevail against the pain of tic douloureux, we find early allusions made to counter-irritation and an array of diverse antineuralgic drugs, any of which afforded temporary relief, or failing therein were succeeded by efforts at nerve stretching and resection, measures also calculated to cure for the time. With the results from such methods in the main disappointing, tic douloureux attracted the attention of surgeons, and in fact has for nearly two decades been almost the sole impetus for the daring and radical surgery of the
Malpractice: A Guide to the Legal Rights of Patients and Doctors
Authors: Jerry Zaslow
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Dr Flaster states in his dedication that it is his hope that his book "may bring about better mutual understanding and benefit both parties." I doubt that this objective will be obtained. While most of the observations made are true, and while those who read the book will agree with the author that he has adequately described the reasons for the increasing number of lawsuits by patients against medical care providers, no patient will be dissuaded from pursuing an action, nor will a physician change his methods of practice or his relationships with his patients. The reasons why patients sue and the author's emphasis on the patientdoctor relationship are not without proper foundation. The patient who reads the book will say, "See, I told you so." The physician will agree with its comments, but generally will deny that he falls into any but the most favorable category of practicing physicians.
Indirect vs Direct Hospital Quality Indicators for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Jeannette A. Rogowski
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Evidence-based selective referral strategies are being used by an increasing number of insurers to ensure that medical care is provided by high-quality providers. In the absence of direct-quality measures based on patient outcomes, the standards currently in place for many conditions rely on indirect-quality measures such as patient volume.To assess the potential usefulness of volume as a quality indicator for very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants and compare volume with other potential indicators based on readily available hospital characteristics and patient outcomes.A retrospective study of 94 110 VLBW infants weighing 501 to 1500 g born in 332 Vermont Oxford Network hospitals with neonatal intensive care units between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2000.Mortality among VLBW infants prior to discharge home; detailed case-mix adjustment was performed by using patient characteristics available immediately after birth.In hospitals with less than 50 annual admissions of VLBW infants, an additional 10 admissions were associated with an 11% reduction in mortality (95% confidence interval [CI], 5%-16%; P<.001). The annual volume of admissions only explained 9% of the variation across hospitals in mortality rates, and other readily available hospital characteristics explained an additional 7%. Historical volume was not significantly related to mortality rates in 1999-2000, implying that volume cannot prospectively identify high-quality providers. In contrast, hospitals in the lowest mortality quintile between 1995 and 1998 were found to have significantly lower mortality rates in 1999-2000 (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55-0.76; P<.001) and hospitals in the highest mortality quintile between 1995 and 1998 had significantly higher mortality rates in 1999-2000 (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.16-1.64; P<.001). The percentage of hospital-level variation in mortality in 1999-2000 that was forecasted by the highest and lowest quintiles based on patient mortality was 34% compared with only 1% for the highest and lowest quintiles of volume.Referral of VLBW infants based on indirect-quality indicators such as patient volume may be minimally effective. Direct measures based on patient outcomes are more useful quality indicators for the purposes of selective referral, as they are better predictors of future mortality rates among providers and could save more lives.
CONVULSIONS OCCURRING DURING SURGICAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: K. B. Pinson
Journal: BMJ (1927)

CONVULSIONS DURING S1URGICAL ANAESTHESIA.l others.Face powders, silk, linseed, and other causes of sensitization turn up from time to time.A particularly interesting protein is that of house dust;patients often give a reaction to the dust from their houses and to nothing else.American observers and van Leeuwen have also noted this.On one occasion I found I was obtaining an unusually large number of reactions to flour.
A Randomized Trial Comparing Part-Time Patching with Observation for Children 3 to 10 Years of Age with Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Susan A. Cotter, Brian G. Mohney, Danielle L. Chandler, Jonathan M. Holmes, Michael X. Repka, Michele Melia, David K. Wallace, Roy W. Beck, Eileen E. Birch, Raymond T. Kraker, Susanna M. Tamkins, Aaron M. Miller, Nicholas A. Sala, Stephen R. Glaser
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Editorial
Authors: PAUL M. ZOLL, ARTHUR J. LINENTHAL
Journal: Circulation (1963)

THE last 10 years interest in Stokes- Adams disease has been renewed and many new approaches have been developed.For- merly, it was considered a rare disease of the aged for which the prognosis was poor and the treatment was unsatisfactory.Now, it seems more common and is seen not infrequently in young people.Furthermore, new types of treatment provide solutions for many of the problems of Stokes-Adams disease and even offer the possibility of complete preven- tion of seizures.These new developments in- elude external electric cardiac stimulation' 2 and countershock,3 eardiac monitoring,4 intra- venous administration of sympathomimetic amines,0 mouth-to-mouth breathing,6 hypo-thermia7 short-term8 and long-term direct electric stimulation,9 1 and external cardiac compression.'2Elsewhere in this issue is described an effec- tive pharmacologic approach to one of the remaining problems of Stokes-Adams disease, the prevention of recurrent attacks due to ventricular tachyeardia and fibrillation.13Epinephrine and isoproterenol, despite their well- known excitatory effects on ventricular rhyth- micity, were found to prevent ventricular irritability in Stokes-Adams disease.Stokes-Adams disease poses three major
Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Imipramine and Paroxetine in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression
Authors: Charles B. Nemeroff, Dwight L. Evans, Laszlo Gyulai, Gary S. Sachs, Charles L. Bowden, Ivan P. Gergel, Rosemary Oakes, Cornelius D. Pitts
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and safety of paroxetine and imipramine with that of placebo in the treatment of bipolar depression in adult outpatients stabilized on a regimen of lithium. METHOD: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 117 outpatients with DSM-III-R bipolar disorder, depressive phase, were randomly assigned to treatment with paroxetine (N=35), imipramine (N=39), or placebo (N=43) for 10 weeks. In addition to lithium monotherapy, patients may have received either carbamazepine or valproate in combination with lithium for control of manic symptoms. Patients were stratified on the basis of trough serum lithium levels determined at the screening visit (high: >0.8 meq/liter; low: ≤0.8 meq/liter). Primary efficacy was assessed by change from baseline in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Clinical Global Impression illness severity scale. RESULTS: Differences in overall efficacy among the three groups were not statistically significant. For patients with high serum lithium levels, antidepressant response at endpoint also did not significantly differ from placebo. However, both paroxetine and imipramine were superior to placebo for patients with low serum lithium levels. Compared to imipramine, paroxetine resulted in a lower incidence of adverse events, most notably emergence of manic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressants may not be useful adjunctive therapy for bipolar depressed patients with high serum lithium levels. However, antidepressant therapy may be beneficial for patients who cannot tolerate high serum lithium levels or who have symptoms that are refractory to the antidepressant effects of lithium.
Intractable Facial Pain Relieved by Percutaneous Trigeminal Tractotomy
Authors: John L. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy was carried out in 12 patients suffering from intractable facial pain of benign and malignant etiologies. The technique requires placement of an electrode under local anesthesia into the ipsilateral descending trigeminal tract by percutaneous insertion of the guide-needle through the foramen magnum. Following coagulation of this pathway in the brainstem, facial analgesia was effected in every patient. In seven patients with head and neck neoplasms, pain relief occurred. In some of the benign pain problems, such as postherpetic neuralgia, pain relief was only transient in spite of effective analgesia.
Time and Medicine
Authors: Stephen Kern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Although historians work with the record of events in public time, they have not developed an explicit understanding of lived time. To set the stage for the other essays in this issue of Annals, this introductory essay explores how an understanding of lived or "private" time began to emerge in the early 20th century in the works of that era's major thinkers: Henri Bergson's philosophy of duration, Émile Durkheim's social time, Sigmund Freud's five psychoanalytic temporal narratives, and Eugene Minkowski's exploration of lived time. This essay then considers the reaction against the burden of history that began with the great 19th-century historicizers: Comte, Hegel, Marx, Darwin, and Spencer. It reflects on the effort, beginning in those years, of modern artists and intellectuals to focus on the personal past in place of the overbearing burden of the historical past. New ways of experiencing the present, made possible by new communication technologies, including the telephone and telegraph, have centered on the experience of simultaneity. Norbert Wiener's cybernetics, Marshall McLuhan's globalism, and the Internet have further transformed how both the medical and lay communities experience past, present, and future, as well as near and far. The discussion concludes with consideration of Eurotransplant, an Internet-based information and action network used by physicians to coordinate organ transplantation; it is a system that integrates cybernetics, globalism, and the Internet in an everyday, real drama of the electronic age of simultaneity.
RESULTS OF EXPERIENCE WITH NOGUCHI MODIFICATION OF THE WASSERMANN SERO-DIAGNOSIS TEST FOR SYPHILIS
Authors: J. F. WAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A mistake one not infrequently sees in visiting various clinics and operating-rooms is unnecessary exposure of the child dining operation.Children, with their small hulk and thin and vascular skin, part very rapidly with their animal heat, and exposure of the surface, especi¬ ally if it be a wet surface, to the air often induces chill and increases shock.During operation every particle of surface not necessarily exposed should be kept dry and covered and extra warm. CONCLUSIONSThese are but a few examples among many that could he eiled, which show not only thai il is easy to make mistakes in surgical practice, hut that it is extremely easy In make them in Ihe surgery of children; thai many conditions may he present in the child which never or seldom occur in the adult ; thai il is a great mistake lo suppose that surgical conditions in the child present the same phenomena, pursue ihe same course, are followed by the saine results and can he handled in identically the Same manner as conditions hearing the same name, bill exhibited in the adult patient; that many mistakes are made which are entirely unnecessary and inexcusable and would not he made, if the profession possessed the proper knowledge of children and their surgical condi¬ tions.
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY IN THE EARLY TREATMENT OF POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: H. R. McCARROLL
Journal: JAMA (1942)

A review of the medical literature during the past quarter century reveals many glowing reports on results from treatment of acute anterior poliomyelitis by numerous and widely different forms of physical therapy. In the earlier days bakes, massage and muscle training in conjunction with some form of immobilization during the acute stage only<sup>1</sup>were thought to offer great hope for the repair of these damaged muscles. Townsend<sup>2</sup>in 1916 stated that his best results in a New York epidemic were obtained in children kept in bed for at least one year. Judson<sup>2</sup>advised rest and fixation for twelve to twenty-four months. During this same period both faradic and galvanic stimulation of involved muscles was strongly advocated by some. Peckham<sup>3</sup>stated in 1916, "Treatment should begin at once even in the acute stage by application of heat in order to obtain a fresh influx of blood to
Sorafenib: Where do we go from here?
Authors: Abby B. Siegel, Sonja K. Olsen, Arthur Magun, Robert S. Brown
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The approval of sorafenib as the first effective drug for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a milestone in the treatment of this disease. A better understanding of HCC pathogenesis has led to the development of several novel targeted treatments. HCC is treated in a uniquely multidisciplinary way requiring surgeons, hepatologists, interventional radiologists, and oncologists. This review describes the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, explores current and future treatments based on these pathways, and describes how these new therapies may augment existing approaches to HCC treatment.(Hhepatology 2010;)
Thrombocytopenic purpura in HIV‐seronegative users of intravenous cocaine
Authors: Mark J. Koury
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Severe thrombocytopenic purpura occurred in seven patients who had histories of recent or current intravenous cocaine use. All of the patients denied heroin use and all were seronegative for antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The seven patients had normal or increased numbers of megakaryocytes in their bone marrows. While receiving corticosteroid therapy their platelet counts rose to 10(11)/L over periods ranging from 5 to 11 days. In view of the widespread use of cocaine, severe thrombocytopenia in the HIV-seronegative patient should suggest the possibility of current or recent intravenous use of cocaine.
Ramazzini and skin injury from the arum lily DID HE PLAGIARIZE DIOSCORIDES?
Authors: J.C. MITCHELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Ramazzini and skin injury from the arum lily DID HE PLAGIARIZE DIOSCORIDES? Get access J.C. MITCHELL J.C. MITCHELL Division of Dermatology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 2, 1 August 1974, Pages 235–236, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb15871.x Published: 01 August 1974 Article history Accepted: 05 November 1973 Published: 01 August 1974
SMAD4 Levels and Allelic Imbalance in 18q21 in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Toshiaki Watanabe, Takamitsu Kanazawa, Yoshihiro Kazama, Junichiro Tanaka, Toshiaki Tanaka, Soichiro Ishihara, Hirokazu Nagawa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

To the Editor: We read with interest Alhopuro et al.'s article in a recent issue of Clinical Cancer Research ([1][1]). They showed the significance of SMAD4 levels as an important predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer, whereas allelic imbalance in chromosome 18q21 was of no prognostic
Primary Care Screening for Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: J. Wesson Ashford
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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