tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: ALBERT B. SABIN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our knowledge of the pathology and pathogenesis of human poliomyelitis has developed slowly over a period of many years, and most of the present day concepts are still so young that they have not yet influenced to any appreciable extent studies on the pathologic physiology of the disease. The present discussion will deal with three major questions: 1. What are the essential lesions of the disease and where are they located? 2. How extensive must those lesions be to produce the paralytic disease and what is the basis for the transitory character of some of the paralysis? 3. What determines the special localization and distribution of the lesions?  The earliest students of the disease 1 were able to prove that the major pathologic change was in the central nervous system, and no scientific investigator has as yet found any evidence to the contrary. Although it had been suspected by some
Health Care Reform and Primary Care — The Growing Importance of the Community Health Center
Authors: Eli Y. Adashi, H. Jack Geiger, Michael D. Fine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

During the debate over U.S. health care reform, relatively little attention was paid to the long-established network of community health centers (CHCs) in the United States. And yet this unique national asset constitutes a critical element of any reform intent on expanding access to health care through a primary care portal. With an eye toward meeting the primary care needs of an estimated 32 million newly insured Americans, the recently passed Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act underwrites the CHCs and enables them to serve nearly 20 million new patients while adding an estimated 15,000 providers to their staffs by . . .
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with<i>C8orf13–BLK</i>and<i>ITGAM–ITGAX</i>
Authors: Geoffrey Hom, Robert R. Graham, Barmak Modrek, Kimberly E. Taylor, Ward Ortmann, Sophie Garnier, Annette T. Lee, Sharon A. Chung, Ricardo C. Ferreira, P. V.Krishna Pant, Dennis G. Ballinger, Roman Kosoy, F. Yesim Demirci, M. Ilyas Kamboh, Amy H. Kao, Chao Tian, Iva Gunnarsson, Anders A. Bengtsson, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Michelle Petri, Susan Manzi, Michael F. Seldin, Lars Rönnblom, Ann Christine Syvänen, Lindsey A. Criswell, Peter K. Gregersen, Timothy W. Behrens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically heterogeneous disease in which the risk of disease is influenced by complex genetic and environmental contributions. Alleles of HLA-DRB1, IRF5, and STAT4 are established susceptibility genes; there is strong evidence for the existence of additional risk loci.
(1) Alternative degradation of collagen in systemic sclerosis
Authors: U.-F. Haustein, K. Herrmann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article (1) Alternative degradation of collagen in systemic sclerosis Get access U.‐F. Haustein, U.‐F. Haustein Department of Dermatology, Karl‐Marx‐University, 7010 Leipzig, G.D.R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Herrmann K. Herrmann Department of Dermatology, Karl‐Marx‐University, 7010 Leipzig, G.D.R. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue s32, 1 June 1987, Page 31, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb12019.x Published: 01 June 1987
Effects of topical budesonide on epithelial restitution in vivo in guinea pig trachea.
Authors: J S Erjefalt, I Erjefalt, F Sundler, C G Persson
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Continuous epithelial shedding and restitution processes may characterise the airways in diseases such as asthma. Epithelial restitution involves several humoral and cellular mechanisms that may potentially be affected by inhaled anti-asthma drugs. The present study examines the effect of a topical steroid on epithelial restitution in vivo in the guinea pig.The airway epithelium was mechanically removed from well defined areas of guinea pig trachea without surgery and without damage to the basement membrane or bleeding. An anti-inflammatory dose of budesonide (1 mg) was administered repeatedly to the tracheal surface by local superfusion 24 hours before, at (0 hours), and 24 hours after the denudation. Migration of epithelial cells, formation of a plasma exudation-derived gel, and appearance of luminal leucocytes were recorded by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was visualised by bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry and tissue neutrophils and eosinophils by enzyme histochemistry.Immediately after creation of the denuded zone ciliated and secretory cells on its border dedifferentiated, flattened out, and migrated speedily (mean (SE) 2.3 (0.3) micron/min) over the basement membrane. After 48 hours the entire denuded zone (800 microns wide) was covered by a tightly sealed epithelium; at this time increased proliferation was observed in new and old epithelium and subepithelial cells. Budesonide had no detectable effect on epithelial dedifferentiation, migration, sealing, or proliferation. Immediately after denudation and continuously during the migration phase plasma was extravasated creating a fibrinous gel rich in leucocytes, particularly neutrophils, over the denuded area. Budesonide had no effect on either the gel or the leucocyte density.These observations suggest that topical glucocorticoids may not interfere with a fast and efficient restitution of the epithelium in the airways.
Steroids in Shock
Authors: Jacob Fine
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  In his letter on the use of steroids in cases of septic shock ( 217 :697,1971), Sonnenschein offers as a reason for the need to administer them often and in high dosage their rapid destruction by bacteria. Bacteremia is not uncommon in patients with refractory shock, but many and probably most victims of shock do not have a bacteremia. In refractory shock produced by various types of injury in the experimental animal, endotoxemia is nearly always present whereas bacteremia is rare. Even when bacteria are circulating, 125,000 bacteria per milliliter of plasma would be required to produce a detectable level of circulating endotoxin.  Pulmonary sepsis, bacteremia, and endotoxemia are all manifestations of the loss of antibacterial defense against gram-negative bacteria and their endotoxins invading from the gut. Current studies suggest that the pulmonary sepsis is due to injury to the vascular endothelium by circulating endotoxin which enters from
Unique Medical Problems of Military Become Part of Intensified Research Into Women's Health
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

THERE ARE approximately 340 000 women in the US Armed Forces—nearly 200 000 on active duty and the rest serving part-time as reservists—and those numbers are expected to grow. Now, efforts to redress medical research's insufficient attention to women (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1049-1051, 1055) are extending to this population. The $500-million Women's Health Initiative (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:469-470, 473) already is under way. But Congress, noting that women in the military face health issues unlikely to be studied in civilian research, directed the Department of Defense to set up what now is the Defense Women's Health Research Program. <h3>Army Asks Advice</h3> The US Army manages the program, in coordination with the other military services and some federal agencies, through its Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md. For advice about how to use Congress' 2-year $80-million appropriation (which the House of Representatives is threatening to cut by 85% in 1996), the command
Magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging for differential diagnosis of superficial depressed gastric lesions
Authors: M. Kaise, M. Kato, M. Urashima, Y. Arai, H. Kaneyama, Y. Kanzazawa, J. Yonezawa, Y. Yoshida, N. Yoshimura, T. Yamasaki, K. Goda, H. Imazu, H. Arakawa, K. Mochizuki, H. Tajiri
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) has been used for differential diagnosis of various focal lesions. The aim of our study was to evaluate ME-NBI criteria for cancer diagnosis in superficial depressed gastric lesions in comparison to conventional white light endoscopy (WLE).ME-NBI and WLE images of 100 superficial gastric depressions (55 depressed cancers, 45 benign depressions) were independently evaluated by 11 endoscopists blinded to the diagnosis in each case. The presence or absence of predefined ME-NBI findings relating to microvasculature and fine mucosal structure (FMS) was recorded. A general diagnosis of benign or malignant also had to be given on the basis of a general assessment of features of color and shape as shown in the ME-NBI and WLE images, respectively, without regard to any prespecified criteria.Multivariate and ROC analysis demonstrated that the triad of FMS disappearance, microvascular dilation, and heterogeneity appeared to be the best combination for diagnosis of gastric cancer. ME-NBI diagnosis with the triad attained a good specificity (85 %, theoretically calculated if all of the triad were positive), which was significantly ( P < 0.001) superior to WLE general diagnosis (65 %), and comparable with ME-NBI general diagnosis (80 %). The sensitivities of the three diagnoses (ME-NBI with the triad 69 %, WLE general diagnosis 71 %, ME-NBI general diagnosis 72 %) were comparably moderate. The kappa values (interobserver concordance) for ME-NBI diagnosis with the triad (0.47) and ME-NBI general diagnosis (0.48) were superior to the kappa value for WLE diagnosis (0.34).The triad of FMS disappearance, microvascular dilation, and heterogeneity has good specificity for the diagnosis of superficial depressed gastric carcinoma, but the sensitivity needs to be improved.
The Coming Shortage of Surgeons: Why They Are Disappearing and What That Means for Our Health
Authors: Douglas R. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of articular inflammation with 99mTC. General and local indices of radiotechnetium [Proceedings].
Authors: J A Noguera Ochoa, P Fernandez del Vallado, J Gijon Banos, J Beltran Gutierrez, J A Sanchez Martin, J M Linazasoro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

At a joint meeting with the Spanish Society of Rheumatology held at Madrid on October 3-4, 1975, the following papers were given.Chondrocalcinosis after parathyroidectomy.J. S. Glass and R. Grahame (Guy's Hospital, London) The one form of chondrocalcinosis that is in theory potentially reversible is that associated with hyperparathyroidism.In the present study the influence of parathyroidectomy has been assessed on the chondro- calcinosis and its clinical sequelae.57 patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism and who underwent parathyroidectomy between 1952 and 1974 were reviewed.Chondrocalcinosis was deemed to be present at some time in 14 (40%) out of the 35 patients in whom x-rays were available.Meaningful comparisons of patients' symptoms and x-ray changes before and after operation were possible in 30 and 11 patients, respectively.Contrary to expectation patients did not improve either clinically or radiologically.Evidence was given (including composite slide showing serial x-ray changes) that in several patients chondrocalcinosis progresses after parathyroidectomy, and in a few makes its first appearance years after the operation.
The Impact of Bisphenol A and Triclosan on Immune Parameters in the U.S. Population, NHANES 2003–2006
Authors: Erin M. Rees Clayton, Megan Todd, Jennifer Beam Dowd, Allison E. Aiello
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Exposure to environmental toxicants is associated with numerous disease outcomes, many of which involve underlying immune and inflammatory dysfunction.To address the gap between environmental exposures and immune dysfunction, we investigated the association of two endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) with markers of immune function.Using data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we compared urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan levels with serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody levels and diagnosis of allergies or hay fever in U.S. adults and children ≥ 6 years of age. We used multivariate ordinary least squares linear regression models to examine the association of BPA and triclosan with CMV antibody titers, and multivariate logistic regression models to investigate the association of these chemicals with allergy or hay fever diagnosis. Statistical models were stratified by age (< 18 years and ≥ 18 years).In analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, creatinine levels, family income, and educational attainment, in the ≥ 18-year age group, higher urinary BPA levels were associated with higher CMV antibody titers (p < 0.001). In the < 18-year age group, lower levels of BPA were associated with higher CMV antibody titers (p < 0.05). However, triclosan, but not BPA, showed a positive association with allergy or hay fever diagnosis. In the < 18-year age group, higher levels of triclosan were associated with greater odds of having been diagnosed with allergies or hay fever (p < 0.01).EDCs such as BPA and triclosan may negatively affect human immune function as measured by CMV antibody levels and allergy or hay fever diagnosis, respectively, with differential consequences based on age. Additional studies should be done to investigate these findings.
GMC's conduct committee is harsher to British than overseas doctors
Authors: T. Keable-Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1996)

arrhythmias and hyperkalaemia unrelated to exposure to suxamethonium.Secondly, both hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis and Andersen's syndrome are dominantly inherited, and other family members may be at risk of sudden death.Thirdly, both conditions are amenable to treatment.
Not Yet Pregnant: Infertile Couples in Contemporary America
Authors: Gary S. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<i>Not Yet Pregnant</i>, written by a sociologist with personal experience of infertility and adoption, provides a useful perspective for physicians, nurses, and counselors. The introductory chapters review sociologic thinking about infertility in various cultures and in contemporary America. As a clinician, I found them more difficult to read and less interesting than the rest of the book, which draws on interviews with couples who have undergone treatment for infertility. The emphasis is on the emotional and interpersonal difficulties described by husbands and wives, with their different perspectives, related to infertility. Major issues include the impact on the couple's marital relationship and their interactions with friends, families, coworkers, and others in the "fertile world." These are important issues to understand for health care professionals who treat individuals and couples dealing with infertility. With respect to the couple's interactions with physicians, the author describes power imbalances and what he views as the
Penicillin in Neurosyphilis
Authors: C. Worster-Drought
Journal: BMJ (1947)

General ObservationsPenicillin, introduced into therapeutics in 1941, was at first restricted to the treatment of certain specified infec- tions.This limitation was by Government direction, and was mainly due to the necessity for conserving the some- what scanty supplies.It is only within the last year that penicillin has become available for more general use, and especially for experimental therapeutics.Nevertheless, penicillin already has an established place in the treatment of neurosyphilis.It was recognized quite early that the substance had a definite antispirochaetal action, and in 1943 Mahoney, Arnold, and Harris published the results of treating a series of cases of early syphilis with penicillin.From these and the subsequent observations of other workers it became apparent that the immediate results of treatment with penicillin in early syphilis equalled if they did not exceed those obtained with intensive arsenical and bismuth therapy.Further, there was the added advantage that with penicillin there was little or no risk of toxic reactions.Subsequently, rapid improvement in both the clinical condition and the cerebrospinal fluid changes in various forms of late syphilis was reported.From the follow-up of cases of early syphilis treated with penicillin alone, however, it became apparent that a moderately high rate of relapse occurred.In addition, it was noted that the percentage of cases relapsing was roughly inversely proportional to the total dosage of penicillin given, in the earlier cases treated this had no doubt been in- adequate.These observations finally determined what was considered an optimal total dosage expressed in so many Oxford (now international) units.By June, 1944,,penicillin was adopted as the " drug of choice " for the treatment of early syphilis in the U.S. Army in Europe, and, in the autumn of 1944, in the Royal Navy, R.A.F., and the British Army.The standard course was fixed at a total dosage of 2,400,000 units given in doses of 40,000 units every three hours, day and night (60 injections), over a period of seven and a half days.Even with this dosage the average relapse rate in early syphilis appears to have been as high as 15% in some series of cases (Marshall, 1946;King, 1946), while others report an 8% (Marshall, 1946) and 7% (Moore, 1945) relapse rate. Dosage and Methods of AdministrationMost of the present-day experiences of penicillin in neurosyphilis are based on the results of a dosage and a frequency of administration similar to those of the standard *The opening paper read at a joint discussion between La Socidt6
Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): a cross-sectional study
Authors: João Paulo Souza, Ahmet Metin Gülmezoglu, Joshua Vogel, Guillermo Carroli, Pisake Lumbiganon, Zahida Qureshi, Maria José Costa, Bukola Fawole, Yvonne Mugerwa, Idi Nafiou, Isilda Neves, Jean-José Wolomby-Molondo, Hoang Thi Bang, Kannitha Cheang, Kang Chuyun, Kapila Jayaratne, Chandani Anoma Jayathilaka, Syeda Batool Mazhar, Rintaro Mori, Mir Lais Mustafa, Laxmi Raj Pathak, Deepthi Perera, Tung Rathavy, Zenaida Recidoro, Malabika Roy, Pang Ruyan, Naveen Shrestha, Surasak Taneepanichsku, Nguyen Viet Tien, Togoobaatar Ganchimeg, Mira Wehbe, Buyanjargal Yadamsuren, Wang Yan, Khalid Yunis, Vicente Bataglia, José Guilherme Cecatti, Bernardo Hernandez-Prado, Juan Manuel Nardin, Alberto Narváez, Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo, Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas, Eliette Valladares, Nelly Zavaleta, Anthony Armson, Caroline Crowther, Carol Hogue, Gunilla Lindmark, Suneeta Mittal, Robert Pattinson, Mary Ellen Stanton, Liana Campodonico, Cristina Cuesta, Daniel Giordano, Nirun Intarut, Malinee Laopaiboon, Rajiv Bahl, Jose Martines, Matthews Mathai, Mario Merialdi, Lale Say
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
UTILITY OF Tc-99m-LL2 (MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AGAINST RAJI CELLS) IN THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH B-CELL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Bruce Barron, Lamk Lamki, Eric Tamm, Joan Bull, Paul Holoye, Bing Fang, Ed Requenez, Vicki Ephron
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Barron, Bruce; Lamki, Lamk; Tamm, Eric; Bull, Joan; Holoye, Paul; Fang, Bing; Requenez, Ed; Ephron, Vicki Author Information
Severe Streptococcal Axillary Lymphadenitis
Authors: John M. Boyce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

THIS report describes four adults with severe axillary lymphadenitis, a streptococcal infection that is now unusual. The syndrome was characterized by the acute onset of fever, severe pain in the axilla, and in three patients moderate-to-marked edema of the arm, axilla, shoulder, pectoral area, and supraclavicular fossa. In one patient, inflammation and edema in these areas caused thrombosis of the axillary and subclavian veins. One patient had an abscess adjacent to the pectoral muscle with an accompanying bacteremia. Ipsilateral pleural effusions occurred in two patients. Streptococcus pyogenes was recovered from two patients, and the other two had serologic evidence of . . .
Hepatic TRAP80 selectively regulates lipogenic activity of liver X receptor
Authors: Geun Hyang Kim, Gyun-Sik Oh, Jin Yoon, Gang Gu Lee, Ki-Up Lee, Seung-Whan Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Inflammation in response to excess low-density lipoproteins in the blood is an important driver of atherosclerosis development. Due to its ability to enhance ATP–binding cassette A1–dependent (ABCA1-dependent) reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), liver X receptor (LXR) is an attractive target for the treatment of atherosclerosis. However, LXR also upregulates the expression of sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), leading to increased hepatic triglyceride synthesis, an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Here, we developed a strategy to separate the favorable and unfavorable effects of LXR by exploiting the specificity of the coactivator thyroid hormone receptor–associated protein 80 (TRAP80). Using human hepatic cell lines, we determined that TRAP80 selectively promotes the transcription of SREBP-1c but not ABCA1. Adenovirus-mediated expression of shTRAP80 inhibited LXR-dependent SREBP-1c expression and RNA polymerase II recruitment to the LXR responsive element (LXRE) of SREBP-1c, but not to the LXRE of ABCA1. In murine models, liver-specific knockdown of TRAP80 ameliorated liver steatosis and hypertriglyceridemia induced by LXR activation and maintained RCT stimulation by the LXR ligand. Together, these data indicate that TRAP80 is a selective regulator of hepatic lipogenesis and is required for LXR-dependent SREBP-1c activation. Moreover, targeting the interaction between TRAP80 and LXR should facilitate the development of potential LXR agonists that effectively prevent atherosclerosis.
A CASE OF CYSTICERCUS OF THE SKIN
Authors: Zach B. Coblentz
Journal: JAMA (1925)

A man, aged 25, a Mexican, while working in the lettuce fields, noticed, July 10, 1925, an inability to talk, as if his tongue was paralyzed. He then became unconscious for a period of forty-five minutes. During this attack there was marked dyspnea. There was no frothing at the mouth; the eyes were closed; he did not bite his tongue, and there was no muscular twitching. All of these details were reported to me by the foreman, on my arrival. I found the patient sitting up; there was some dyspnea. A hasty examination revealed nothing abnormal. The next day the patient came into my office, and a thorough examination disclosed the patient to be normal, except for several freely movable nodules about 1 cm. in diameter lying subcutaneously and apparently not attached to the underlying tissues. The urine was normal, and a blood smear showed the normal ratio. There were