tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lower Blood Pressure Not Necessarily Better
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B39: Methylation of BRCA2 gene promoter CpG units through ZAR2-dependent DNMT1 recruitment
Authors: Smita Misra, Mukul K. Mittal, Sheetal V. Khedkar, Gautam Chaudhuri
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BRCA2 gene expression is stringently regulated during the cell cycle. BRCA2 expression is proportional to the rate of cell proliferation. Looking at the human BRCA2 gene minimal promoter sequence we found that it has over 45 CpG units which could be potentially methylated regulating the recruitment of different transcription factors affecting BRCA2 gene expression. We discovered that BRCA2 gene promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter (for BRCA2). ZAR2 is a C4-type zinc finger-containing transcription factor that regulates BRCA2 in a cell cycle dependent manner. We found that ZAR2 enters the nucleus of the G0/G1 cells binds to the promoter of BRCA2 and silences the BRCA2 gene expression. ZAR2 has a dsRNA binding domain. We report here that BRCA2 gene promoter, through its bidirectional activity, produces two partially overlapping transcripts (BRCA2 and ZAR2) in the breast cells forming a 111 bp RNA duplex. We postulate that endogenous transcriptional gene silencing RNAs (tgsRNAs) against BRCA2 gene promoter are thus formed from the overlapping RNA duplex in the cell nucleus. These tgsRNAs in turn contribute towards promoter methylation. Our data suggest that ZAR2 upon binding to the tgsRNAs binds to specific locations of BRCA2 gene promoter and recruits DNMT1 which in turn perform CpG methylation. This study will contribute towards the understanding of the epigenetic regulation of BRCA2 gene expression in different cell cycle stages as well as in sporadic cases of breast and other cancer. Supported in part by the DOD-CDMRP IDEA Grants BC990678 and BC050641 to GC and MeTRC pilot project grant 1U54RR026140-01 to SM Citation Format: Smita Misra, Mukul K. Mittal, Sheetal V. Khedkar, Gautam Chaudhuri. Methylation of BRCA2 gene promoter CpG units through ZAR2-dependent DNMT1 recruitment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B39.
The PPAR-γ activator troglitazone, but not rosiglitazone, preserves contractile function and suppresses proinflammatory cytokines in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Michael W. Gen, Ya Xu, Li Lu, Hasan Ahmad, Daniel Perlov, Carlin S. Long, Gregory G. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Lipids of the sperm plasma membrane: from polyunsaturated fatty acids considered as markers of sperm function to possible scavenger therapy
Authors: A Lenzi
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1996)

This article is, in part, a review of present knowledge regarding the lipid metabolism of the sperm cell and the lipid composition of the sperm plasma membrane. It is also a summary of our research on this topic, reporting published and unpublished data. The article tries to cover both basic and clinical research. Sperm cells use lipid metabolic pathways for the production of part of their energy. The double leaflets of the membrane are not simply a passive, bilayer, lipidic film in which the receptors receive their molecular specific signals, but are a very specialized structure. Complete maturation of the lipids of the sperm cell membrane is reached after passage of the spermatozoon through the epididymis. A specific composition of phospholipids and a significant concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to be present in sperm membranes. Plasmalogen is a special kind of phospholipid found exclusively in spermatozoa and other cells with the capacity to react promptly to stimuli. In addition, we have found a high concentration of the n-3 PUFA family in the sperm membrane. Seminal plasma has a highly specialized scavenger system that defends the sperm membrane against lipoperoxidation. Various pathologies and systemic predisposition can lead to an antioxidant/pro-oxidant disequilibrium. Clinical trials with natural scavengers could be a useful research area in which to seek a treatment for these pathologies. Of the natural scavengers, glutathione has been shown to restore the physiological constitution of PUFA in the cell membrane under certain conditions.
Comparing 10-day and 4-month doxycycline courses for treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis-reactive arthritis: a prospective, double-blind trial
Authors: N Putschky, H-G Pott, J G Kuipers, H Zeidler, M Hammer, J Wollenhaupt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objective:</b> To compare the efficacy of a 10-day and a 4-month doxycylcine course for the treatment of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>-reactive arthritis (Ct-ReA). <b>Methods:</b> Patients with active Ct-ReA were enrolled in a prospective, multicentre, double-blind, controlled clinical trial and randomised to receive doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10 days followed either by placebo or by continued doxycycline 100 mg twice daily over 4 months. Various clinical and laboratory parameters referring to disease activity were recorded in the beginning and at the end of treatment. <b>Results:</b> 32 of 37 patients included (15 men and 17 women; mean (standard deviation) disease duration 17 (13) months completed the study; 17 were randomised to short-term doxycycline and placebo (placebo group) and 15 to prolonged treatment with doxycycline (doxycycline group) over the 4-month study period. After this time, only two patients from each group went into remission. There were no drop-outs owing to adverse events or treatment failures. <b>Conclusions:</b> The results of this study suggest that prolonged treatment with a 4-month course of doxycycline is not superior to short-term treatment over 10 days in patients with Ct-ReA.
Letter: Vaccination of smallpox contacts.
Authors: D J Bauer
Journal: BMJ (1974)

the hospital rehabilitation of elderly out- patients.The investigation and treatmnent of elderly patients should as far as possible be undriaken by geriatric units and day hospitals rather than by general medical or re- habilitation departments.Such developments should not be regarded as an additional burden on Health Service expenditure but rather as an alternative, thus relieving the other departments of a con- siderable burden of responsibility and therefore requirements for staff and facili- ties.-Weare, etc.,
Reader, I didn't blush
Authors: Colin Martin
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Ours is a participatory democracy-startling chiefly for the lack of participation.Membership of the hopelessly debt laden political parties is at an all time low, and the esteem in which parliament is held is likewise low.A variety of means to improve the situation have been mooted, but little seems to change.Could we doctors make a change?It is often noted that the public has more trust in doctors and other healthcare workers than in politicians; this is the right time, a last chance perhaps, to take our approval ratings out for a psephological test drive.We have witnessed problems arising from the healthcare "reforms" and can predict more of the same.As a group we have been on the receiving end of much government inspired unpleasantness: the precedence of budgets over care of patients, fragmentation of care, Modernising Medical Careers and the medical training application service (MTAS), crassly incompetent management at all levels, contract chaos, hostile press briefings, black propaganda, downright lies, tendentious media comment, privatisation, unfeasibly complex recertification, licensure, and appraisal procedures, and so on.Is alerting the populace to the problems and offering alternatives in some way problematic or unprofessional?Are parliamentarians, their advisers, and the commentators more competent at generating and implementing reform than we are?The broad sentiment of the profession toward the current reforms is negative, although no one shrinks from the need to improve continuously in personal as well as system performance and standards.If we are
2-cm and 4-cm surgical excision margins did not differ for survival in cutaneous melanoma &gt; 2 mm thick
Authors: Carlos Garcia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation Gillgren P, Drzewiecki KT, Niin M, et al. 2-cm versus 4-cm surgical excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma thicker than 2 mm: a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1635-42. 22027547
Serious interaction between cyclosporin A and sulphadimidine.
Authors: D K Jones, M Hakim, J Wallwork, T W Higenbottam, D J White
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Chest x ray film on admission.Alveolitis was diagnosed, and he was started on hydrocortisone 200 mg six hourly intravenously and 35% oxygen by facemask.Twelve hours later he was considerably better.Oral steroids were continued for five days, after which time he was asymptomatic and a chest radiograph was normal.
Restoration of Microvascular Function in the Infarct-Related Artery by Intracoronary Transplantation of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sandra Erbs, Axel Linke, Volker Schächinger, Birgit Assmus, Holger Thiele, Klaus-Werner Diederich, Christina Hoffmann, Stefanie Dimmeler, Torsten Tonn, Rainer Hambrecht, Andreas M. Zeiher, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The Doppler Substudy of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Reinfusion of Enriched Progenitor Cells and Infarct Remodeling in Acute Myocardial Infarction (REPAIR-AMI) trial aimed to investigate the effects of intracoronary infusion of bone marrow–derived progenitor cells (BMCs) on coronary blood flow regulation in patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results— In a total of 58 patients (BMC group, n=30; placebo group, n=28), coronary flow reserve (CFR) in the infarct artery and a reference vessel was assessed by intracoronary Doppler at the time of study therapy (4.2±0.1 days after acute myocardial infarction) and at the 4-month follow-up. Initial CFR was reduced in the infarct artery compared with the reference vessel in both groups (BMC: 2.0±0.1 versus 2.9±0.2, P &lt;0.05; placebo: 1.9±0.1 versus 2.8±0.2; P &lt;0.05). At the 4-month follow-up, CFR in the infarct artery had slightly improved in the placebo group (+0.88±0.18; P &lt;0.001 versus initial) but was markedly increased by 90% (+1.80±0.25; P =0.005 versus placebo) in BMC-treated patients, resulting in a normalization of CFR (3.8±0.2; P &lt;0.001 versus initial and placebo at 4 months). In the infarct vessel, adenosine-induced minimal vascular resistance index declined slightly in the placebo group (from 1.77±0.12 to 1.52±0.15 mm Hg · s/cm; P &lt;0.05) but considerably decreased by −29±6% in the BMC group (from 1.86±0.19 to 1.20±0.12 mm Hg · s/cm; P &lt;0.05 versus initial and placebo at 4 months). Conclusions— Intracoronary BMC therapy after acute myocardial infarction restores microvascular function of the infarct-related artery, which is associated with a significant improvement in maximal vascular conductance capacity. These data provide clinical proof of concept that progenitor cell transplantation promotes vascular repair.
Mature high-affinity immune responses to (pro)insulin anticipate the autoimmune cascade that leads to type 1 diabetes
Authors: Peter Achenbach, Kerstin Koczwara, Annette Knopff, Heike Naserke, Anette-G. Ziegler, Ezio Bonifacio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Children at risk for type 1 diabetes can develop early insulin autoantibodies (IAAs). Many, but not all, of these children subsequently develop multiple islet autoantibodies and diabetes. To determine whether disease progression is reflected by autoantibody maturity, IAA affinity was measured by competitive radiobinding assay in first and subsequent IAA-positive samples from children followed from birth in the BABYDIAB cohort. IAA affinity in first positive samples ranged from less than 106 l/mol to more than 1011 l/mol. High affinity was associated with HLA DRB1*04, young age of IAA appearance, and subsequent progression to multiple islet autoantibodies or type 1 diabetes. IAA affinity in multiple antibody–positive children was on average 100-fold higher than in children who remained single IAA positive or became autoantibody negative. All high-affinity IAAs required conservation of human insulin A chain residues 8–13 and were reactive with proinsulin. In contrast, most lower-affinity IAAs were dependent on COOH-terminal B chain residues and did not bind proinsulin. These data are consistent with the concept that type 1 diabetes is associated with sustained early exposure to (pro)insulin in the context of HLA DR4 and show that high-affinity proinsulin-reactive IAAs identify children with the highest diabetes risk.
Mutations and polymorphisms in hemoglobin genes and the risk of pulmonary hypertension and death in sickle cell disease
Authors: James G. Taylor, Diana Ackah, Crystal Cobb, Nick Orr, Melanie J. Percy, Vandana Sachdev, Roberto Machado, Oswaldo Castro, Gregory J. Kato, Stephen J. Chanock, Mark T. Gladwin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a risk factor for early death. Hemolysis may participate in its pathogenesis by limiting nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and producing vasculopathy. We hypothesized that hemoglobin mutations that diminish hemolysis in SCD would influence pulmonary hypertension susceptibility. Surprisingly, coincident α‐thalassemia (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.46–1.94, P = NS) was not associated with pulmonary hypertension susceptibility in homozygous SCD. However, pulmonary hypertension cases were less likely to have hemoglobin SC (OR = 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06–0.51, P = 0.0005) or Sβ + thalassemia (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.06–1.16, P = 0.10). These compound heterozygotes may be protected from pulmonary hypertension because of reduced levels of intravascular hemolysis, but develop this complication at a lower rate possibly due to the presence of non‐hemolytic risk factors such as renal dysfunction, iron overload and advancing age. Despite this protective association, patients with SC who did develop pulmonary hypertension remained at significant risk for death during 49 months of follow‐up (Hazard Ratio = 8.20, P = 0.0057). Am. J. Hematol., 2008. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FEEDING PRACTICE VARIATION AND PREDICTORS OF INFANT WEIGHT FOLLOWING THE NORWOOD PROCEDURE: A REPORT FROM THE PEDIATRIC HEART NETWORK SINGLE VENTRICLE RECONSTRUCTION TRIAL
Authors: Linda M. Lambert, Nancy Pike, Barbara Medoff-Cooper, victor zak, Victoria Pemberton, Lisa Young-Borkowski, Martha Clabby, Kathryn Nelson, Richard Ohye, Bethany Trainor, Karen Uzark, Nancy Rudd, Louise Bannister, Rosalind Korsin, David Cooper, christian Pizarro, Sinai Zyblewski, Bronwyn Bartle, Richard Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
CHILD MARRIAGE IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: M. A. Delaney
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I read with a great deal of interest the abstract of the report on child marriage in the United States by the Russell Sage Foundation (The Journal, July 4). I have seen three cases at the station hospital at Fort Sill within the last few months, of girls being married to soldiers at 13 years of age and giving birth to children when just 14 years old. These little girls are pathetic beyond description, and the health of all three is badly undermined. One phase of the situation not touched on in this report is the complete lack of religious help in these cases. In the three cases I mention, the marriage ceremony was not performed by army chaplains, I am glad to say, but by the clergyman. No self respecting clergyman should be an accessory to such a crime; only creatures disgracing their cloth, like many
Geoffrey Nixon Morris
Authors: S. Morris, K. Holder, F. Donald
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Geoffrey Nixon Morris (“Geoff”) was born in Plymouth, into an overwhelmingly medical family. He attended Mount House School in Tavistock, where he spent five very happy years doing well at athletics. He was also lead singer in the school choir. His education continued at Monkton Combe School, near Bath, where he played hooker at rugby, coxed the rowing teams, and, in 1976, took part in the tall ships race to Tenerife.

He undertook his medical studies at the London, and over Christmas in his final year, demonstrating his unfaltering Christian faith, arranged an elective in a busy mission hospital in Nazareth.

After house jobs Geoff was …
Spurious Elevation of the Platelet Count in Acute Leukemia
Authors: James O. Armitage, James A. Goeken, John R. Feagler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SYMPTOMS of acute leukemia are usually related to the absence of normal hemopoiesis. Bleeding related to thrombocytopenia and infection secondary to neutropenia are the most serious manifestations. Before the advent of platelet transfusions, bleeding was the most common cause of death in acute leukemia.<sup>1</sup>More recently with the increasing availability of platelet transfusions and the ability to supply HLA-matched platelets, infection has replaced bleeding as the major cause of death.<sup>2</sup>However, for platelet transfusions to have an impact on survival, the presence of thrombocytopenia must be recognized. In the case reported here, the recognition that bleeding symptoms were secondary to thrombocytopenia was delayed because of artifactually elevated platelet counts due to circulating fragments of leukemic cells. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-year-old farmer in whom leukemia had been diagnosed, had noticed increasing fatigue for six months and had been hospitalized locally one week earlier with pneumonia. His condition
Another Interesting Case: An Impacted Quid.
Authors: John E. Beebe
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Chicago, Ill., Jan. 15, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The case reported by Dr. Tufts of Sioux Falls, in which death was caused by the sudden plugging of the bronchi with a quid of chewing tobacco, recalls a less tragic case in my own experience. A number of years ago I had a paper-hanger at work for me, who was using as a stage to reach the ceiling he was decorating, the top of a ten foot partition. Busy at his work with his head thrown back as he looked directly above, he failed to notice that the board on which he was sitting was insecurely placed. I had been watching the man, but had gone perhaps seventy-five feet away, when I heard a mighty crash, but no outcry. Calling out and receiving no reply, I hastened to the spot to find my man perfectly livid and completely unconscious. My first
Spontaneous and Inheritable R555Q Mutation in the TGFBI/BIGH3 Gene in Two Unrelated Families Exhibiting Bowman’s Layer Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Xinping C. Zhao, Hisashi Nakamura, Sumitra Subramanyam, Lee E. Stock, Thomas E. Gillette, Shunichi Yoshikawa, Xiaoping Ma, Richard W. Yee
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
An Influenza B Epidemic Within a Remote Alaska Community
Authors: Paul S. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1970)

During January 1969 an epidmic of influenza B was documented in Klawock, Alaska, a remote insular community 80 miles west of Ketchikan. One person died and 149 others developed an acute respiratory disease characterized by fever, cough, headache, and coryza. A fourfold or greater rise in hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody titer to influenza B developed in 26 persons, and influenza B virus was isolated from 5 patients. Reciprocal HI testing of the Alaska strain (B/Alaska/4-69) did not disclose a significant antigenic difference from the vaccine strain (B/Massachusetts/3-66). However, 36 of the 46 persons who had been vaccinated during the preceding 3 to 12 months developed clinical influenza, and the attack rate within this group did not differ significantly from the attack rate among the unvaccinated population.
Quality Improvement Report: Linking guideline to regular feedback to increase appropriate requests for clinical tests: blood gas analysis in intensive care
Authors: P. Merlani, P. Garnerin, M. Diby, M. Ferring, B. Ricou
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Problem:</b> Need to decrease the number of requests for arterial blood gas analysis and increase their appropriateness to reduce the amount of blood drawn from patients, the time wasted by nurses, and the related cost. <b>Design:</b> Assessment of the impact of a multifaceted intervention aimed at changing requests for arterial blood gas analysis in a before and after study. <b>Background and setting:</b> Twenty bed surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary university affiliated hospital, receiving 1500 patients per year. <b>Key measures for improvement:</b> Number of tests per patient day, proportion of tests complying with current guideline, and safety indicators (mortality, incident rate, length of stay). Comparison of three 10 month periods corresponding to baseline, pilot (first version of the guideline), and consolidated (second version of the guideline) periods from March 1997 to August 1999. <b>Strategies for change:</b> Multifaceted intervention combining a new guideline developed by a multidisciplinary group, educational sessions, and monthly feedback about adherence to the guideline and use of blood gas analysis. <b>Effects of change:</b> Substantial decrease in the number of tests per patient day (from 8.2 to 4.8; P&lt;0.0001), associated with increased adherence to the guideline (from 53% to 80%, P&lt;0.0001). No significant variation of safety indicators. <b>Lessons learnt:</b> A multifaceted intervention can substantially decrease the number of requests for arterial blood gas analysis and increase their appropriateness without affecting patient safety.
Biofilms and Chronic Infections
Authors: Randall D. Wolcott
Journal: JAMA (2008)

be made and acted on, a response reflected in the current move to increase US medical school capacity. Given the time required to train competent physicians and the growing reliance on other nations to provide physicians, it would seem in the national interest to err on the side of expanding US medical schools. The alternative is to risk the devastating effects of a physician shortage—effects almost certain to be felt most acutely by those in the greatest need—that would require many years to reverse.
[727] PREDICTORS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN NAFLD AND HCV
Authors: A. Lonardo, E. Violi, S. Ballestri, S. Lombardini, F. Scaglioni, D. Ganazzi, L. Carulli, G. Ruggiero, L.E. Adinolfi, P. Loria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)