tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Endothelin Correlates With Antiendothelial Antibodies in Patients With Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: János G. Filep, Edit Bodolay, Sándor Sipka, Edit Gyimesi, István Csipö, Gyula Szegedi
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Elevated circulating levels of the vasoactive peptide endothelin-1 have been reported in various cardiovascular disorders. Because these conditions are frequently associated with endothelial dysfunction and damage and the vasoconstrictor effect of endothelin-1 is believed to be produced at the local vascular level, it is uncertain whether circulating endothelin-1 is a causal factor in enhanced vascular tone or instead a marker of endothelial injury. Methods and Results We tested whether elevated immunoreactive endothelin-1 could be detected by radioimmunoassay in plasma and whether endothelin-1 levels correlated with antiendothelial autoantibodies in patients with mixed connective tissue disease. Venous blood samples were collected from 21 patients in the morning after an overnight fast and before medication. The plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 level was 2.7±0.5 pg/mL (range, 1.1 to 5.2 pg/ml; n=9) and 7.3±1.5 pg/mL (range, 2.8 to 20.7 pg/mL; n=12) in patients who had no antiendothelial antibodies and in patients with antiendothelial antibodies, respectively. These latter values were significantly ( P &lt;.001) increased compared with 10 age-matched healthy volunteers (2.0±0.3 pg/mL; range, 0.5 to 3.0 pg/mL). Plasma endothelin-1 level strongly correlated with antiendothelial antibodies ( r s =.836, n=21, P &lt;.001), whereas there was no correlation between age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, antinuclear antibodies, and duration of the disease and endothelin-1 values. The incidence of Raynaud’s phenomenon and angina did not differ significantly in patients with low and high endothelin-1 levels. Conclusions This study showed that mixed connective tissue disease is associated with elevated plasma immunoreactive endothelin-1 and that endothelin-1 levels significantly correlate with antiendothelial autoantibodies. These findings suggest that increases in plasma endothelin-1 concentration may be secondary to vascular injury and do not necessarily represent enhanced susceptibility to vasoconstriction.
NF-κB-dependent DNA damage-signaling differentially regulates DNA double-strand break repair mechanisms in immature and mature human hematopoietic cells
Authors: D Kraft, M Rall, M Volcic, E Metzler, A Groo, A Stahl, L Bauer, E Nasonova, D Salles, G Taucher-Scholz, H Bönig, C Fournier, L Wiesmüller
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
ACTION OF SERUM ON LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO
Authors: Alexis Carrel, Albert H. Ebeling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1923)

IT MAY BE CONCLUDED THAT, UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE EXPERIMENTS: 1. Lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells can live and increase greatly in numbers in blood serum, while fibroblasts are not capable of doing so. 2. While living in serum, lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells manufacture and secrete substances which may be used as food material by the fibroblasts. 3. It is probable that lymphocytes and large mononuclear cells synthetize from the nitrogenous compounds contained in serum the substances which fibroblasts and epithelial cells require for their multiplication.
Abstract B11: The early autophagy inhibitor verteporfin moderately enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model
Authors: Elizabeth Donohue, Anitha Thomas, Norbert Maurer, Irina Manisali, Magali Zeisser-Labouebe, Natalia Zisman, Hilary J. Anderson, Murray Webb, Marcel Bally, Michel Roberge
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Autophagy, a cellular self-eating process that is activated by several cancer drugs and appears to function as a protective mechanism, is a promising therapeutic target. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly resistant to chemotherapy, and has been described as requiring elevated autophagy for growth. To date, all preclinical reports and clinical trials investigating pharmacological inhibition of autophagy have used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which block autophagy at a late stage. Verteporfin is a newly discovered autophagy inhibitor that blocks autophagy at an early stage by inhibiting autophagosome formation. Here, we report that PDAC cell lines show variable sensitivity to verteporfin in vitro and that verteporfin inhibits autophagy stimulated by gemcitabine, the current standard treatment for PDAC. Pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies in a BxPC-3 xenograft mouse model demonstrate that verteporfin accumulated in tumors at autophagy-inhibiting levels but did not reduce tumor volume or increase survival as a single agent. However, in combination with gemcitabine, verteporfin moderately reduced tumor growth and enhanced survival compared to gemcitabine alone. Our results do not agree with the premise that autophagy inhibition is effective against PDAC as a single-modality treatment, but they support autophagy inhibition as an approach to sensitize PDAC to gemcitabine. Citation Format: Elizabeth Donohue, Anitha Thomas, Norbert Maurer, Irina Manisali, Magali Zeisser-Labouebe, Natalia Zisman, Hilary J. Anderson, Murray Webb, Marcel Bally, and Michel Roberge. The early autophagy inhibitor verteporfin moderately enhances the antitumor activity of gemcitabine in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B11.
Identification of B‐cell epitopes of Bet v 1 involved in cross‐reactivity with food allergens
Authors: E. Klinglmayr, M. Hauser, F. Zimmermann, O. Dissertori, P. Lackner, N. Wopfner, F. Ferreira, M. Wallner
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The pollen-food syndrome (PFS) is an association of food allergies to fruits, nuts, and vegetables in patients with pollen allergy. Mal d 1, the major apple allergen, is one of the most commonly associated food allergens for birch pollen-allergic patients suffering from PFS. Although the reactions are due to cross-reactive IgE antibodies originally raised against pollen Bet v 1, not every Bet v 1-allergic patient develops clinical reactions towards apple.We speculate that distinct IgE epitopes are responsible for the clinical manifestation of PFS. To test this hypothesis we grafted five Mal d 1 stretches onto Bet v 1. The grafted regions were 7- or 8-amino acids long encompassing amino acids residues previously shown to be crucial for IgE recognition of Bet v 1.A Bet v 1-Mal d 1 chimeric protein designated BMC was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. IgE reactivity of BMC was tested with patients' sera originating from (i) Bet v 1-allergic patients displaying no clinical symptoms upon ingestion of apples; and (ii) Bet v 1-allergic patients displaying allergic symptoms upon ingestion of apples and other Bet v 1-related foods.Compared to birch pollen-allergic individuals, patients suffering from PFS showed significantly higher IgE reactivity with BMC (chimeric protein). The results suggest that the Mal d 1 regions grafted onto the Bet v 1 sequence comprise important IgE epitopes recognized by Bet v 1-allergic patients suffering from allergy to apples.
A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial of a Nutritional Formula in Women with Mastalgia Associated with Fibrocystic Breast Changes.
Authors: R. Mansel, A. Voss, A. Seth, K. Rushlow
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Objective: Nodularity is a problem for clinical and radiological evaluation of the breast. A randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial was performed in women with cyclic breast pain (mastalgia) associated with fibrocystic breast changes to determine the effect of a liquid nutritional formula on breast pain and nodularity.Study Design: Following a one month baseline assessment, women were randomly assigned to receive 4 ounces per day of an experimental (EXP) or control liquid nutritional formula (CONT) for three months. The EXP contained 1 gram of gamma linolenic acid (GLA) (as borage oil), 750 mcg of iodine (as potassium iodide), and 70 mcg of selenium (as sodium selenate). The CONT was an isonitrogenous, isocaloric formula prepared with high-oleic safflower oil in place of borage oil, and without additional GLA, iodine, or selenium. Women were asked to record breast pain, supplemental medications, and menstrual signs daily using an interactive voice-response system (IVRS). Physical breast exams were performed by a healthcare professional at baseline and at the end of the study for a determination of nodularity.Results: A total of 503 women were screened for eligibility from 21 centers distributed across the United States. From this group, 188 women were randomized to receive the EXP or CONT intervention. The groups were similar at baseline. Peak breast pain scores were reduced from baseline similarly in the EXP (-32.2%) and CONT (-33.1%) groups (p=0.64). Among women who continued to take non-prescription pain medication for management of breast pain, the amount of medication was significantly less in the EXP group (p=0.0143). In addition, there was a greater reduction in breast nodularity in women taking the EXP compared to the CONT (p=0.03 vs. p=0.64). Both groups reported similar average weight at baseline, but women in the EXP lost an average of 2.6 lbs. of body weight, while those in the CONT gained an average of 3.6 lbs by the end of the study. Both formulas were well tolerated and willingness to consume the nutritional intervention was 82.7% in the CONT and 90.4% in the EXP as calculated by the number of voluntary withdrawals from the study and discontinuation of treatment for any reason. Women were considered compliant if the consumed at least 70% of the study product (daily reported by IVRS).Conclusion: These results indicate that the daily liquid nutritional formula containing GLA, iodine, and selenium may provide a safe nutritional alternative for reducing both nodularity and nonprescription medication use associated with cyclic breast pain in women with fibrocystic breast changes. Reduction in nodularity may improve physician and mammographic evaluation of the breast. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5034.
Prognostic value of heart rate adjustment of exercise-induced ST segment depression in the multiple risk factor intervention trial
Authors: Peter M. Okin, Greg Grandits, Pentti M. Rautaharju, Ronald J. Prineas, Jerome D. Cohen, Richard S. Crow, Paul Kligfield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

Objectives.We sought to assess the effect of heart rate adjustment of ST segment depression on risk stratification for the prediction of death from coronary artery disease. Background.Standard analysis of the ST segment response to exercise based on a fixed magnitude of horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression has demonstrated only limited diagnostic sensitivity for the detection of coronary artery disease and has variable test performance in predicting coronary artery disease mortality. Heart rate adjustment of the magnitude of ST segment depression has been proposed as an alternative approach to increase the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods.Exercise ECGs were performed in 5,940 men from the Usual Care Group of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial at entry into the study. An abnormal ST segment response to exercise was defined according to standard criteria as ≥ 100 μV of additional horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression at peak exercise. The ST segment/heart rate index was calculated by dividing the change in ST segment depression from rest to peak exercise by the exercise-induced change in heart rate. An abnormal ST segment/heart rate index was defined as >1.60 μV/beats per min. Results.After a mean follow-up of 7 years there were 109 coronary artery disease deaths. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, a positive exercise ECG by standard criteria was not predictive of coronary mortality (age-adjusted relative risk [RR] 1.5,95% condence interval [CI] 0.6 to 3.6, p = 0.39). In contrast, an abnormal ST segment/heart rate index significantly increased the risk of death from coronary artery disease (age-adjusted RR 4.1, 95% CI 2.7 to 6.0, p < 0.0001). Excess risk of death was confined to the highest quintile of ST segment/heart rate index values, and within this quintile, risk was directly related to the magnitude of test abnormality. After multivariate adjustment for age, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol and cigarettes smoked per day, the ST segment/heart rate index remained a significant independent predictor of coronary death (RR 3.6, 95% CI 2.4 to 5.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions.Simple heart rate adjustment of the magnitude of ST segment depression improves the prediction of death from coronary artery disease in relatively high risk, asymptomatic men. These findings strongly support the use of heart rate-adjusted indexes of ST segment depression to improve the predictive value of the exercise ECG.
Adenovirus type 21 infection. Occurrence with pneumonia, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria in an adult
Authors: J. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE CLINICAL syndromes commonly associated with adenovirus (ADV) infection, usually in children, are febrile pharyngitis with or without conjunctivitis, severe and often fatal pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, and asymptomatic intestinal infection.<sup>1</sup>Acute respiratory disease, frequently seen in military recruits, varies from mild, febrile pharyngitis and tracheitis to severe, fatal pneumonia.<sup>1</sup>We recently cared for a man with pneumonia and rhabdomyolysis associated with ADV-21. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 46-year-old man with Huntington's disease was admitted to the hospital with a one-day history of dyspnea, paroxysmal nonproductive coughing, fever to 40 °C, and myalgias. There was no notable history of illness except for the presence of Huntington's disease. His temperature was 38.4 °C; pulse rate, 110 beats per minute; respirations, 40/minute; and blood pressure, 135/75 mm Hg. There were inspiratory and expiratory wheezes and rales at both lung bases posteriorly and decreased breath sounds over the right lower lobe posteriorly. Pertinent
Foundation hospitals are not accountable to their communities
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A new report has cast doubt on the government's claim that foundation trusts will prove more accountable to local communities. The year long study of Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in east London by the health charity the King's Fund shows disillusionment among its governors.

The trust was one of the first to gain foundation status. Many of the governors complain that they have had little or no influence on how the hospital is run. Boards of governors, which consist mainly of members of the public, were supposed to be the watchdogs that gave local people a …
Immediate Antioxidant and Antiplatelet Effect of Atorvastatin via Inhibition of Nox2
Authors: Pasquale Pignatelli, Roberto Carnevale, Daniele Pastori, Roberto Cangemi, Laura Napoleone, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Stefania Basili, Francesco Violi
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Statins exert an antithrombotic effect in patients at risk of or with acute thrombosis, but no study has investigated whether this effect is immediate and whether there is an underline mechanism. Methods and Results— Patients with hypercholesterolemia were randomly allocated to a Mediterranean diet with low cholesterol intake (&lt;300 mg/d; n=15) or atorvastatin (40 mg/d; n=15). Oxidative stress, as assessed by serum Nox2 and urinary isoprostanes, and platelet activation, as assessed by platelet recruitment, platelet isoprostanes, and thromboxane A 2 , platelet Nox2, Rac1, p47 phox , protein kinase C, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, nitric oxide, and phospholipase A 2 , were determined at baseline and after 2, 24, and 72 hours and 7 days of follow-up. An in vitro study was also performed to see whether atorvastatin affects platelet oxidative stress and activation. The atorvastatin-assigned group showed a significant and progressive reduction of urinary isoprostanes and serum Nox2, along with inhibition of platelet recruitment, platelet isoprostanes, Nox2, Rac1, p47 phox , and protein kinase C, starting 2 hours after administration. Platelet phospholipase A 2 and thromboxane A 2 significantly decreased and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and nitric oxide increased after 24 hours. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly after 72 hours and further declined after 7 days. No changes were observed in the Mediterranean diet group. In vitro experiments demonstrated that atorvastatin dose-dependently inhibited platelet Nox2 and phospholipase A 2 activation, along with inhibition of platelet recruitment, platelet isoprostanes, and thromboxane A 2 , and increased vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein and nitric oxide. Conclusions— The study provides the first evidence that atorvastatin acutely and simultaneously decreases oxidative stress and platelet activation by directly inhibiting platelet Nox2 and ultimately platelet isoprostanes and thromboxane A 2 . These findings provide a rationale for the use of statins to prevent or modulate coronary thrombosis. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01322711.
A New Approach to the Classification of Gastric Polyps
Authors: K. Elster
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

Compared with colonic polyps gastric polyps may show a histological structure which has no analogon in the gut. This gastric-specific polyp is called hyperplasiogenous since it exhibits hyperplastic as well as adenomatous structures. Malignant degeneration of this polyp is unlikely. The malignant polyp of the stomach is an early carcinoma type I which most probably originates from a proliferation of the glandular neck with cellular atypia (borderline lesion protruded type). With the common occurence of multiple hyperplasiogenous polyps the common identification of polyposis and precancerosis has to be revised.
Characterization of Postsplenectomy Bacteremia among Patients with and without Lymphoma
Authors: Sarah S. Donaldson, Melvin R. Moore, Saul A. Rosenberg, Kenneth L. Vosti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The medical records of 494 patients who underwent splenectomy, including 269 patients with lymphoma, were analyzed for the occurrence of postsplenectomy bacteremia. Twenty-three episodes of bacteremia were identified among patients in the nonlymphoma group, and 12 episodes in the lymphoma group. Five cases of pneumococcal bacteremia were identified, and all occurred in patients with lymphoma. The fatality rate did not differ among patients with or without lymphoma in whom bacteremia developed after splenectomy. The findings do not indicate that splenectomy alters the fatality rate in patients with serious associated disease in whom bacteremia subsequently develops.
NEW THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES FOR PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AND SEVERE PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: COMBINATION OF ADVANCED MEDICAL THERAPY AND CATHETER INTERVENTION
Authors: Yasufumi Kijima, Teiji Akagi, Koji Nakagawa, Akira Ueoka, Norihisa Toh, Kengo Kusano, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Prophylaxis Against Deep-Vein Thrombosis in Major Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Gerry Oster
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A number of methods of prophylaxis can reduce the likelihood of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Using techniques of decision analysis, we examine the cost-effectiveness of several of these--warfarin sodium, low-dose subcutaneous heparin sodium, graduated compression stockings, intermittent pneumatic compression, heparin plus dihydroergotamine mesylate, and heparin plus stockings--compared with clinical diagnosis and treatment only. Our results show that 153 deaths per 10 000 patients occur when no prophylaxis is used; with most prophylaxis, this number is at least halved, and the most effective methods may reduce the number of deaths by three fourths. In addition, all of the prophylaxis considered are cost saving: average costs of care (including prophylaxis costs) are reduced by +19.40 to +181.60 per patient. Prophylaxis against deep-vein thrombosis in major orthopedic surgery therefore saves both lives and health care dollars.
Leslie Melvin Green
Authors: S. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

From his earliest years, helping his father make up medicines, Melvin Green was determined to become a doctor.

In his final year at the Middlesex, he was seconded with other medical students to Mount Vernon Hospital in June 1944 to prepare for the reception of wounded on D Day. National service in the RAF Medical Branch followed, between 1947 and 1949, when he liaised with US flying medical officers during the Berlin air lift. He …
A NEW RECTAL SPECULUM.
Authors: THOMAS CHARLES MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The instrument which is the subject of the following description was briefly described in the July (1896) number of the<i>Cleveland Medical Gazette.</i>It is now being quite extensively and, I regret to say, defectively manufactured. The italicized paragraph points to the defective features of many of the specula to be found at the shops. If this feature is not made to operate precisely as designed the instrument can not be manipulated with one hand unaided. This two bladed speculum is designed especially for use on the rectum. The form and dimensions of the blades have been planned with a particular consideration for the dimensions and form of the parts upon which they are to be used. The blades proper are two inches (5 cm.) in length, they are very shallow and their edges are given a pronounced inward turn; their acorn-like initial extremity contributes to the instrument's facility for
Urolithiasis as a complication of the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Z. Maratka, J. Nedbal
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper records an increased incidence of calculi in the urinary tract in patients who have had surgical treatment with ileostomy for ulcerative colitis.It is suggested that the loss of water and sodium through the ileostomy results in a fall in urinary output and urinary sodium loss and a tendency for stones to form.Amongst 512 patients with ulcerative colitis whom we have seen in the past 20 years we have noted the presence of urinary tract calculi in 10 of them.In view of the frequency of this condition such an incidence might have been expected were it not for the fact that nine of the 10 patients had been treated surgically and in these nine urinary stones formed after ileostomy or ileostomy with colectomy.In the total group of 512 patients only 74 had been subjected to surgical treatment so that the incidence of stone in this surgical group was 13%.With one exception (case 9), there were no symptoms or signs of urinary stones before operation. CASE REPORTSThe series is summarized in Table I.CASE 1 A 57-year-old woman had suffered from ulcerative colitis since 1945 and underwent ileostomy and proctocolectomy in 1954.Four years later she suffered from bilateral renal colic and renal and ureteric calculi were demonstrated on both sides.A right pyelolithotomy in 1961 did not prevent further renal infection and pyelonephritis.The urine contained protein, red blood cells, and urate crystals, and was acid in reaction.CASE 2 A 43-year-old woman suffered from a severe attack of colitis which had been treated by caecostomy in Case No. Age Sex Operation