tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative ultrasound and bone mineral density: discriminatory ability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls with and without vertebral deformities
Authors: R E Orstavik
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Background:</b> Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a reliable tool for discriminating between subjects with and without vertebral deformities in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Less is known about osteoporosis caused by inflammatory diseases or corticosteroid use. <b>Objectives:</b> (1) To compare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis the ability of QUS and dual energy <i>x</i> ray absorptiometry (DXA) to discriminate between those with and without vertebral deformities; (2) to explore whether the results are similar in population based controls. <b>Methods:</b> Standardised lateral radiographs of the spine were obtained from 210 patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged over 50 years and 210 individually matched controls. Vertebral deformities were assessed morphometrically and semiquantitatively. All participants underwent bone measurements by DXA (Lunar Expert) and QUS (Lunar Achilles+). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was used to compare the discriminating ability of BMD and QUS measurements in patients and controls with and without vertebral deformities. Analyses were repeated in patients stratified according to corticosteroid use. <b>Results:</b> For all bone measurements except lumbar spine in the rheumatoid arthritis group, BMD discriminated significantly between the patients with and without vertebral deformities, and the results were similar to those obtained in controls. Among current corticosteroid users, neither QUS nor DXA could discriminate between subjects with and without vertebral deformities. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings support QUS as an alternative tool for identifying patients at risk of having vertebral deformities in rheumatoid arthritis, although results should be interpreted with caution in current users of corticosteroids.
PLAQUE NEOVASCULARIZATION PREDICTS CORONARY LESION PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH ANGINA PECTORIS: AN INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Teruyoshi Kume, Hiroyuki Okura, Yoshinori Miyamoto, Terumasa Koyama, Tomoko Tamada, Ken Saito, Kenzo Fukuhara, Akihiro Hayashida, Yoji Neishi, Takahiro Kawamoto, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
In vivo effects of interferon-γ and anti-interferon-γ antibody on the experimentally induced lichenoid tissue reaction
Authors: T. SHIOHARA, B. J. NICKOLOFF, N. MORIYA, C. GOTOH, M. NAGASHIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

We investigated the in vivo effect of recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) treatment of mice on the development of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction and lichenoid tissue reaction (LTR) following the local injection of cloned autoreactive T cells. Both the DTH reaction and the LTR were significantly enhanced by pretreatment with IFN-gamma, but not with TNF-alpha. Induction of class II MHC antigens on keratinocytes was not essential for the enhancement by IFN-gamma. Administration of anti-IFN-gamma antibody reduced the DTH reaction and LTR, although complete inhibition was not observed with our treatment regimen. The ability of IFN-gamma to increase the number of the cloned T cells invading the epidermis in vivo, is in keeping with our previous observation that IFN-gamma treatment of cultured keratinocytes markedly increased the adherence reaction between T cells and keratinocytes in vitro.
Prolonged Intrahepatic Cholestasis Secondary to Acute Hepatitis A
Authors: S C Gordon, K R Reddy, L Schiff, E R Schiff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Viral hepatitis characterized by prolonged cholestasis has not been associated with a specific serologic marker. We report the cases of six patients presenting with a clinical syndrome typical of cholestatic hepatitis who were subsequently found to have acute hepatitis A. Usual features include pruritus, fever, diarrhea, and weight loss with serum bilirubin levels greater than 10 mg/dL, and a clinical course lasting at least 12 weeks. All patients recovered completely without sequelae. Knowledge of this unusual manifestation of hepatitis A may help avoid potentially invasive procedures involved in the evaluation of suspected obstructive jaundice and facilitate appropriate immunoprophylactic measures.
DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. TREATMENT. INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL HYDROTHERAPY. MEDICATION.Read before the St. Clair County, Ill., Medical Society, June 7, 1894.
Authors: JAMES OSBOURN DeCOURCY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Cleanliness is said to be next to godliness—a very old adage which I have found to be no less true in the treatment of all diseases which have come under my observation. It is my custom to first make clean my patient, outside and inside so far as practicable, by the free use of pure water and good soap. I have never seen nor had a bad result from the use of these agents. I am of the opinion that in many cases all the medicine that is needed is the free judicious use of water, abstinence from food, plenty of pure air and sunshine. These agents, together with a clear conception and observation of the laws of hygiene will figure very conspicuously in the future of medicine. While I am a strong advocate of the free use of water in the practice of medicine, I also have confidence in
Chemoprevention of Cancer
Authors: A. S. Tsao, E. S. Kim, W. K. Hong
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2004)

Cancer chemoprevention is defined as the use of natural, synthetic, or biologic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent carcinogenic progression to invasive cancer. The success of several recent clinical trials in preventing cancer in high-risk populations suggests that chemoprevention is a rational and appealing strategy. This review will highlight current clinical research in chemoprevention, the biologic effects of chemopreventive agents on epithelial carcinogenesis, and the usefulness of intermediate biomarkers as markers of premalignancy. Selected chemoprevention trials are discussed with a focus on strategies of trial design and clinical outcome. Future directions in the field of chemoprevention will be proposed that are based on recently acquired mechanistic insight into carcinogenesis.
Is Increasing the Copy Number of the MicroRNA Precursor in a Vector Really Helpful for Further Improving the Level of Mature Microrna in Stable Cells?
Authors: Fang Wang, Fu Yang, Ling Zhang, Shuhan Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with great interest the article by Xu et al.1 The authors used lentiviral vectors to overexpress microRNA 122 (miR-122). They constructed three different vectors carrying one, four, or eight copies of the miR-122 precursor. Finally, the authors generated stable cells possessing eight copies of the miR-122 precursor. This is an ingenious method for further improving the expression level of miR-122. However, we think that some problems need to be discussed. First, how do we determine that the stable HepG2 cells possess eight copies of the miR-122 precursor when the cells are infected with lentiviral vectors carrying multiple copies? Why do we not use lentiviral vectors carrying 10 or more copies to further improve the level of miR-122? Are there data from the experiment using a gradually increasing number of miR-122 copies in vectors to construct miR-122–overexpressed stable cells? Recently, in our experimentation, HepG2 cells were transfected with vectors carrying a single copy of the miR-122 precursor. By screening different single clones, we obtained several HepG2 cell clones that had large differences in the expression level of miR-122. We deduced that the miR-122 precursor sequence could be integrated into several sites of the genome simultaneously. Information about the copy number can help us to choose optimal stable cell lines because of the existence of copy loss in the genome. We think that a stable cell line with a high copy number should be chosen when there are similar expression levels in different cell lines. Second, primary microRNA must be cleaved into precursor microRNA (pre-miRNA) by the nuclear RNase III endonuclease Drosha. Then, the pre-miRNA is actively transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by ras-related nuclear protein–guanosine triphosphate and the export receptor exportin 5.2, 3 The processes of enzyme digestion and export depend on not only the transcript sequences but also their space structure.4 We suppose that when eight or more copies of the miR-122 hairpin were chained to express in one primary transcript, the processing or export of pre-miRNA was likely influenced by the changes in the conformational construct of the primary transcript or pre-miRNA. Therefore, we want to know how to determine the optimal copy number of a microRNA precursor in a vector. In many studies, microRNA-overexpressed stable cell lines have been obtained by the integration of the microRNA precursor sequence into the cell genome.5, 6 In most cases, a vector carrying a single-copy precursor sequence has been chosen.7, 8 If the aforementioned problems can be solved with certainty, this novel method will be adopted widely in microRNA and RNA interference research, and a better cell model will be used in RNA-related research. Fang Wang*, Fu Yang*, Ling Zhang*, Shuhan Sun*, * Department of Medical Genetics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
Predictors of Change during Long-Term Analytic Group Psychotherapy
Authors: Steinar Lorentzen, Per Høglend
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

All studies on patient variables as predictors of outcome are on short-term groups. Therefore, we wanted to study predictors of outcome in an observational study of 69 out-patients treated in long-term, analytic group therapy (mean = 32.5 months).Based on results from research on short-term groups, we selected 6 predictor variables representing central domains (demographics, diagnosis, initial severity of disturbance, chronicity, expectancy, and treatment duration) and explored their relationship with 5 outcome variables (Global Assessment of Functioning, Global Severity Index, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex, global improvement, and chief complaints) by multiple regression analyses.Treatment duration up to 2.5 years was a strong positive predictor. Contrary to findings from many short-term studies, the presence of personality disorder, chronicity, and high initial severity of symptoms were not associated with less favourable outcome. Furthermore, marital status was not a positive predictor, and expectancy of a better outcome was only positively related to 1 of the outcome variables. Highly tentative results from exploratory stepwise regression analyses indicated that interpersonal problems on the subscale of 'coldness' might also be a negative predictor in long-term therapy.The study indicates that predictors of outcome in long-term group therapy may be different from those found in short-term therapy.
Replication in Screening and Judgment
Authors: STEPHEN R. YARNALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 August 1972Replication in Screening and JudgmentSTEPHEN R. YARNALL, M.D.STEPHEN R. YARNALL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-2-326_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: What is a problem?Inter-and intra-observer agreement on replication of problem-lists clustered between 56% and 66% in a small series reported by Bates, Parker, and Reifler (Ann Intern Med75:929-931, 1971) and was usually related to differing reactions to borderline and minor conditions as well as data viewed as undoubtedly false-positive. The authors quote comparable variations from other studies on physical examinations, ECG interpretation, X-ray reading, and medical and psychiatric diagnosis. The actual topic of their paper, comparing clinical evaluation with multiphasic screening, is not illustrated by a series of only 47 subjects, although their conclusion seems... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1972Volume 77, Issue 2Page: 326-326 Issue Published: 1 August 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor
Authors: Hiroshi Miyazaki, Hidehiro Matsuoka, John P. Cooke, Michiaki Usui, Seiji Ueda, Seiya Okuda, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Exposure to risk factors such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia decreases the bioavailability of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and impairs endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Recently, a circulating endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), has been detected in human plasma. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma ADMA and atherosclerosis in humans. Methods and Results —Subjects (n=116; age, 52±1 years; male:female ratio, 100:16) underwent a complete history and physical examination, determination of serum chemistries and ADMA levels, and duplex scanning of the carotid arteries. These individuals had no symptoms of coronary or peripheral artery disease and were taking no medications. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that plasma levels of ADMA were positively correlated with age ( P &lt;0.0001), mean arterial pressure ( P &lt;0.0001), and Σ glucose (an index of glucose tolerance) ( P =0.0006). Most intriguingly, stepwise regression analysis revealed that plasma ADMA levels were significantly correlated to the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (as measured by high-resolution ultrasonography). Conclusions —This study reveals that plasma ADMA levels are positively correlated with risk factors for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, plasma ADMA level is significantly correlated with carotid intima-media thickness. Our results suggest that this endogenous antagonist of NO synthase may be a marker of atherosclerosis.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: moving toward mechanism
Authors: C. A. MacRae
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Mutations in genes encoding desmosomal proteins have been identified as the major cause of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVC), in which the right ventricle is "replaced" by fibrofatty tissue, resulting in lethal arrhythmias. In this issue of the JCI, Garcia-Gras et al. demonstrate that cardiac-specific loss of the desmosomal protein desmoplakin is sufficient to cause nuclear translocation of plakoglobin, upregulation of adipogenic genes in vitro, and a shift from a cardiomyocyte to an adipocyte cell fate in vivo (see the related article beginning on page 2012). This evidence for potential Wnt/beta-catenin signaling defects sets the scene for a comprehensive exploration of the contributions of this pathway to the pathophysiology of ARVC, not only through perturbation of cardiac patterning and development, but also through effects on myocardial differentiation and physiology.
Measurement of Side Effects of Drugs
Authors: E. C. Huskisson, J. A. Wojtulewski
Journal: BMJ (1974)

In a clinical trial of two antirheumatic agents two methods of collection of side effects were used, one with and the other without a check list of possible symptoms. Findings suggested that the use of a check list interfered with the collection of side effects. Known side effects of aspirin—tinnitus, deafness, and gastrointestinal disturbance—were more efficiently shown and symptoms not included in the check list were more likely to be reported when a check list was not used.
RH genotyping in a sickle cell disease patient contributing to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donor selection and management
Authors: Ross M. Fasano, Alessandro Monaco, Emily Riehm Meier, Philippe Pary, A. Hallie Lee-Stroka, John Otridge, Harvey G. Klein, Francesco M. Marincola, Naynesh R. Kamani, Naomi L. C. Luban, David Stroncek, Willy A. Flegel
Journal: Blood (2010)
An Exotic Viral Disease Acquired in a Laboratory
Authors: Frederick A. Murphy, Karl M. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In August 1994, the public was inundated with media coverage of a laboratory accident at the Yale Arbovirus Research Unit that resulted in the hospitalization of a physician-virologist who had become infected with Sabiá virus, an obscure arenavirus from Brazil. The report by Barry et al.1 in this issue of the Journal describes the accident, the patient's clinical care and treatment, and the biosafety-management systems used by the hospital and its clinical laboratories.From the moment the virologist sought medical care, 10 days after he was exposed to Sabiá virus and 2 days after the onset of clinical signs, it . . .
Response to Letter Regarding Article “Temporal Relationship Between Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and Embolic Events”
Authors: Jeff S. Healey, Michela Brambatti, Michael R. Gold, Carlos A. Morillo, Alessandro Capucci, Carmine Muto, Chu P. Lau, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Mark Carlson, Eric Fain, Juliet Nakamya, Georges H. Mairesse, Marta Halytska, Wei Q. Deng, C.W. Israel, Stuart J. Connolly
Journal: Circulation (2015)
Augmentation of Fetal-Hemoglobin Production in Anemic Monkeys by Hydroxyurea
Authors: Norman L. Letvin, David C. Linch, G. Peter Beardsley, Kim W. McIntyre, David G. Nathan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

The increase in fetal-hemoglobin synthesis in patients with beta-thalassemia or sickle-cell anemia induced by 5-azacytidine has been attributed to hypomethylation of DNA in the region of the gamma-globin genes. To determine whether hydroxyurea, a cytotoxic/cytostatic drug that does not influence DNA methylation, might stimulate fetal-hemoglobin synthesis, we phlebotomized two juvenile cynomolgus monkeys to induce anemia and reticulocytosis and then treated them with hydroxyurea. Immediately after phlebotomy was initiated, there was a rise in the level of F cells, which stabilized at an average value of 13 per cent in one animal and 20 per cent in the other during a two-month control period. Fetal hemoglobin gradually rose from undetectable values before bleeding to 3 per cent in one animal and 5 per cent in the other. Sixty-two days after initiation of phlebotomy, hydroxyurea (50 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for five days) induced only a small and transient increase in F cells and fetal hemoglobin. Two weeks later, however, a similar course (100 mg per kilogram per day) resulted in a prompt and dramatic increase in both indexes. These results strongly suggest that S-phase-specific cytotoxic/cytostatic drugs increase fetal hemoglobin by a mechanism that does not involve inhibition of DNA methylation.
Induced Hypothermia is Not "Artificial Hibernation"
Authors: Alfred R. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The bleakness and chill of autumn evenings forewarns of the coming hostile winter season. Instinctively, a vast segment of the animal kingdom, unable to migrate to a more optimum biologic climate, prepares itself for survival. Through a variety of incredible methods, learned by each surviving species during millenniums of wintering experience, they prepare for their "winter sleep." Almost every earthy aspect becomes a dormitory of sleeping creatures. The frozen earth appears barren and quiet though stocked with countless living forms. The life-and-death interspecies warfare of ordinary life temporarily ceases and natural foes slumber at close quarters beneath swamp mud, in the crevices of rocks, under the stiffened heaps of rotting vegetation and in dead wood. The carpenter ants burrow deeply into their microclimate chambers beneath tree bark and long tortuous tunnels deep in the earth become sleeping galleries for innumerable worms. Larger and more highly developed members of the kingdom
Pathobiologic and metabolic aspects of mammary gland tumorigenesis by N-substituted aryl compounds
Authors: D. Malejka-Giganti, C. L. Ritter, C. N. Ryzewski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Metabolic or synthetic N-hydroxylation of N-arylamides yields N-arylacylhydroxamic acids considerably more carcinogenic for the rat mammary gland than the parent amides both by systemic and topical administration. The size of the aryl moiety, the position of the nitrogen relative to the aryl moiety and the type of acyl group are determinants of the carcinogenic potency of N-arylacylhydroxamic acids. Induction of mammary tumors required ovarian hormones. Receptors for estrogen, androgen and progesterone were shown in the N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide (N-OH-2-FAA)-induced mammary carcinoma. This tumor involved epithelial and stromal components of the mammary gland that were separated in culture and produced tumors of their respective origin in the isologous host. Both mammary epithelial cells and fibroblasts are capable of metabolism of carcinogens. The enzymes potentially involved in metabolic activation of N-arylamides and N-arylacylhydroxamic acids in the mammary gland include: a cytochrome P-450(P(1)-450) system, UDP-glucuronyltransferase, N,O-acyltransferases and peroxidases. Mammary microsomes in which cytochrome P(1)-450 was induced generated small amounts of N-OH-2-FAA from 2-FAA. N-OH-2-FAA and its carcinogenic isomer, N-OH-3-FAA, were oxidized by cytochrome c/H(2)O(2) to the nitroxyl free radicals which dismutated to the respective acetate esters and nitrosofluorenes. The addition of unsaturated lipid to either the free radicals or to the nitrosofluorenes gave electron spin resonance signals characteristic of immobilized radicals. It is proposed that interactions of carcinogens with lipids and with DNA play a role in mammary tumorigenesis.
Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with interferon plus ribavirin in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Mayte Perez-Olmeda, Victor Asensi, Miriam Romero, Fausto Sanchez-Montero, Miguel Santin, Ana Ochoa, Josep Guardiola, Jesus Blanch, Javier Garcia-Samaniego, Vicente Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
High Altitude Illness-Reply
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Smith is correct: children are more than ten times as susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema as are adults.<sup>1</sup>Physical exertion does seem to increase susceptibility and worsen symptoms,<sup>1</sup>but it is not advisable for victims or susceptible individuals to sink into somnolent bed rest; mild activity is better. Dr Smith's observations of the value of acetazolamide are borne out by others—for example, the incidence of serious altitude sickness among the 3,500 climbers (out of 8,000 starters) who get above 4,800 m each year on Mt Kenya since use of this drug has become widespread (P. Snyder, personal communication). Double-blind studies are almost impossible: acetazolamide makes beer taste awful and causes paresthesias in extremities and around the mouth that are not due to hypocapnia. Two tablets for three days before and two days after ascent is recommended. Whether or not risk is increased if the