tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 Stimulates β-Cell Necrosis and Release of the Immunological Adjuvant HMGB1
Authors: Sarah A Steer, Anna L Scarim, Kari T Chambers, John A Corbett
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background There are at least two phases of β-cell death during the development of autoimmune diabetes: an initiation event that results in the release of β-cell-specific antigens, and a second, antigen-driven event in which β-cell death is mediated by the actions of T lymphocytes. In this report, the mechanisms by which the macrophage-derived cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 induces β-cell death are examined. IL-1, known to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion by stimulating inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and increased production of nitric oxide by β-cells, also induces β-cell death. Methods and Findings To ascertain the mechanisms of cell death, the effects of IL-1 and known activators of apoptosis on β-cell viability were examined. While IL-1 stimulates β-cell DNA damage, this cytokine fails to activate caspase-3 or to induce phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization; however, apoptosis inducers activate caspase-3 and the externalization of PS on β-cells. In contrast, IL-1 stimulates the release of the immunological adjuvant high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1; a biochemical maker of necrosis) in a nitric oxide-dependent manner, while apoptosis inducers fail to stimulate HMGB1 release. The release of HMGB1 by β-cells treated with IL-1 is not sensitive to caspase-3 inhibition, while inhibition of this caspase attenuates β-cell death in response to known inducers of apoptosis. Conclusions These findings indicate that IL-1 induces β-cell necrosis and support the hypothesis that macrophage-derived cytokines may participate in the initial stages of diabetes development by inducing β-cell death by a mechanism that promotes antigen release (necrosis) and islet inflammation (HMGB1 release).
CDC study: no evidence for teratogenicity of Bendectin
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The results of a survey done at the federal Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, do not support recent allegations that Bendectin (Merrell-National Laboratories), a drug commonly used by pregnant women to combat vomiting and nausea, causes birth defects of the heart and limbs,<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS has learned. This possibility has been of serious concern, due to the widespread use of Bendectin during pregnancy. Almost 3 million new prescriptions for this agent were written in 1978, according to Franz Rosa, MD, of the Food and Drug Administration—approximately one for each pregnant woman. About 40% of these prescriptions were filled. The medication combines the antihistamine doxylamine succinate and the vitamin pyridoxine hydrochloride. In the CDC's study, Jose Cordero, MD, MPH, examined the center's data file on drug use during pregnancy by 1,183 women who gave birth to infants with birth defects. Use of Bendectin was reported by 9.9% of the
Efficacy of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on ATRA- and arsenic-resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells
Authors: A Takeshita, K Shinjo, K Naito, H Matsui, N Sahara, K Shigeno, T Horii, N Shirai, M Maekawa, K Ohnishi, T Naoe, R Ohno
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Breakfast and Crohn's disease.
Authors: B J Thomas, R J Jarrett, H Keen
Journal: BMJ (1977)

nauseated and vomited.In addition to these well-known local irritant effects of zinc sulphate on the gastrointestinal tract, con- sideration must be given to potentially toxic side effects of the large and unphysiological concentrations of zinc achieved in human plasma with the recommended zinc sulphate regimen.In the light of these observations we feel that the current recommendations to treat acne vulgaris with 220 mg of zinc sulphate thrice daily is unwarranted owing to the excess quantity of zinc ion absorbed.There is an urgent need to investigate the dose effectiveness of zinc sulphate supplementation not only in patients with acne vulgaris but also in the various other conditions for which zinc has been recommended.This is being done in this department.
Effects of physical training on myocardial vascularity and perfusion.
Authors: J Scheuer
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Physical training is thought to be a stimulus for coronary vascular growth and coronary collateral development. This report is a summary of knowledge in the area. Studies in experimental animals with normal hearts indicate that physical training promotes increased myocardial capillary density and also causes enlargement of the surface coronary vessels. The physiologic effect of these changes on coronary vascular reserve and protection of segments of the heart against myocardial ischemia has not been established. Physically trained dogs and pigs do not appear to be protected against the effects of coronary occlusion, in that the ischemic area appears to be as large in trained animals as in untrained animals for any given coronary lesion. One study in physically trained rats appears to show protection against myocardial infarction, but whether this is related to coronary vascular changes has not been established. Experiments in dogs subjected to chronic narrowing or gradual occlusion demonstrate that physical training in these models does promote collateral blood flow as measured by retrograde flow in open-chest experiments. Studies using the microsphere technique in closed-chest animals confirms increased collateral flow to ischemic areas in some animals, but the magnitude of the increases appears to be small and varies greatly from animal to animal. Studies in athletes suggest that myocardial blood flow is lower at any submaximal level of training in athletes than in sedentary persons. Studies in patients with coronary artery disease have generally failed to show an increase in coronary blood flow or in perfusion of ischemic areas after physical training programs, but the techniques used might not have been sensitive enough to detect changes. The evidence in the experimental animals is sufficiently promising to indicate that the search should be continued to define physical training programs that will most stimulate myocardial vascularity and coronary collaterals in humans.
It's all Greek to me
Authors: A. Papagiannis
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>Background</h3> The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) and similar courses have been used to train clinicians. However, formal teamwork training was not included in these courses, and their effectiveness has been questioned. In adult resuscitation, debriefings using video recordings have improved outcomes, but recordings of neonatal resuscitation have been used primarily for research. <h3>Aims</h3> To test if debriefings that include video recordings of neonatal resuscitations can improve teamwork and clinical practice. <h3>Methods</h3> Over 9 months, clinicians voluntarily attended weekly debriefings in which recently performed resuscitations were presented, evaluated and then discussed. Discussions were focused on teamwork and were facilitated by an education nurse and a human factors expert with a training background. Subsequently, three experts, a neonatologist, a neonatal nurse educator and a midwifery educator from different organisations viewed and scored 19 recordings from the first 4.5 months and 19 recordings from the second 4.5 months. Experts were blinded to the recording period. The two sets of recordings were balanced for babies9 gestation and birth weight. Scoring included ‘teamwork’ items, ‘following guidelines’ items and ‘temporal control of the resuscitation procedure’ items. <h3>Results</h3> All ‘teamwork’ items improved between the two periods and one item improved significantly (p&lt;0.05). Scores for ‘Following guidelines’ showed little change except ‘Intubation’ which deteriorated (p&lt;0.05). There was no significant interaction between periods and raters. Cronbach9s alpha indicated inter-expert rating consistency ranging from 0.54 to 0.86. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Voluntary debriefings had some positive effect on neonatal resuscitation teamwork. Future studies are warranted to determine the best methods for debriefing combined with other training methods.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES IN THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL
Authors: O. Jason Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A mother recently brought her daughter, aged 9, to me for the removal of a cherry seed in the right ear canal, which had been there for ten months. Various attempts at removal during this time had failed, and the youngster was quite sensitive with regard to any manipulation about the ear. A smooth, round, large cherry pit could be seen, which entirely filled the auditory canal, and was movable, but stayed close to the drum. Sudden movement of the head produced dizziness and a slight nausea, but no nystagmus. The mother's description of previous unsuccessful attempts to remove this foreign body induced me to try a new method. I dipped a camel's hair brush in liquid glue and held it firmly against the cherry pit for a minute or two. Apparently, the warmth of the ear canal prevented the glue from setting, as there was no cohesion whatever. Next
Positioning of nasobiliary tube using magnet-loaded catheters
Authors: Seitaro Watanabe, Takamitsu Sato, Shingo Kato, Kunihiro Hosono, Noritoshi Kobayashi, Atsushi Nakajima, Kensuke Kubota
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> In endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD), repositioning the catheter from the mouth to the nose is complicated. We devised a method using catheters with magnets and verified its utility and safety. <b>Patients and methods:</b> We prospectively enrolled 20 patients undergoing ENBD at Yokohama City University Hospital. <b>Results:</b> The procedures were successful in all 20 cases and no case required a change of operators to a senior doctor. The mean time for the procedure was 36.6 seconds. The emetic reflex was induced 0.5 times on average using the magnet method. The mean X-ray exposure time was 29.6 seconds. No complications occurred. <b>Conclusions:</b> The magnet-loaded catheter method for positioning the ENBD catheter before finally leading it through the nose took little time and was performed successfully and safely. Therefore, the magnet method could become the first choice among techniques for ENBD catheter placement.
Mechanism of Urea Activity in Sickling
Authors: Robert M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  The important and stimulating letter by Ratner and Miller (225:313,1973) reported the dissociative effect on polyhydrogel polymers by low concentrations of urea and proposed an alternate molecular mechanism for the desickling action of urea. This information deserves the serious attention of those sicklecell investigators who have a molecular orientation. The observations offered by Ratner and Miller are highly pertinent to the development of new, rational chemotherapeutic approaches to the management of sickle cell disease. Ratner and Miller, 1,2 as well as Refojo, 3 have each independently shown that urea in low concentrations (0.005 to 0.117 M) breaks down cross-linked bonds (ie, chemical bonds) between microfilaments of polyhydrogels. While Refojo has suggested that hydrophobic bonds are broken in this reaction with urea, Ratner and Miller believe that hydrogen bonds are broken regardless.  When these findings are coupled with the recent work of Minton, 4 who describes the stages
CARDIAC CONDITIONS INDICATING THERAPEUTIC ABORTION
Authors: HAROLD E. B. PARDEE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Two very different sorts of criteria have been used as a basis for the management of patients with heart disease during pregnancy. Formerly the anatomic diagnosis was relied on almost exclusively, and the demonstration of a marked mitral stenosis or of a markedly enlarged heart was considered to be so serious a complication of pregnancy that interruption was often advised when these conditions were found. The prognosis was thought to depend on the character of the pathologic changes. During the period between 1912 and 1919 the functional ability of the heart came to be better understood. It was realized that this was not definitely dependent on the character of the pathologic changes and that if a measurement of functional ability could be devised this would afford a better guide to the expected behavior of the heart during pregnancy. Sir James Mackenzie<sup>1</sup>in 1921 pointed out certain errors resulting from
EXCRETION OF CATECHOLAMINES, 17-KETOSTEROIDS, 17-HYDROXYCORTICOIDS AND 5-HYDROXYINDOLE IN MEN EXHIBITING A PARTICULAR BEHAVIOR PATTERN (A) ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH INCIDENCE OF CLINICAL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE*†
Authors: Meyer Friedman, Shirley St. George, Sanford O. Byers, Ray H. Rosenman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1960)
Survey of Trachoma within School Students in the State of Roraima, Brazil
Authors: Norma Helen Medina, Maria de Fatima Lopes, Shane R. Durkin, Maria Regina A. Cardoso, Expedito A. Luna, Inês K. Koizumi, Karen Ruth Brock, Helen Selma de Abreu Freitas, Maria Angela Maurício
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Atypical presentation of adult Still's disease with generalized rash and hyperferritinaemia.
Authors: C. Perez, M. Montes, M. Gallego, E. Loza
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 145, Issue 1 p. 187-188 Atypical presentation of adult Still's disease with generalized rash and hyperferritinaemia C. Perez, C. Perez Departments of Internal Medicine andSearch for more papers by this authorM. Montes, M. Montes Pathology, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Irunlarrea 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain Departments of Search for more papers by this authorM. Gallego, M. Gallego Dermatology and Search for more papers by this authorE. Loza, E. Loza Rheumatology, Hospital Provincial de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain E-mail:cperezg@meditex.esSearch for more papers by this author C. Perez, C. Perez Departments of Internal Medicine andSearch for more papers by this authorM. Montes, M. Montes Pathology, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Irunlarrea 4, 31008 Pamplona, Spain Departments of Search for more papers by this authorM. Gallego, M. Gallego Dermatology and Search for more papers by this authorE. Loza, E. Loza Rheumatology, Hospital Provincial de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain E-mail:cperezg@meditex.esSearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04318.xCitations: 18Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume145, Issue1July 2001Pages 187-188 RelatedInformation
Metabolic response of isolated liver cells to in Vivo phagocytic challenge
Authors: Zoltan Spolarics, Abraham P. Bautista, John J. Spitzer
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

This study elucidates the in vivo metabolic response of different liver cells after a single phagocytic challenge. In vivo glucose uptake of different tissues and isolated liver cells was determined by a sequential double labeling version of the 2-deoxyglucose technique. After latex administration, glucose uptake more than doubled in the liver, increased by about 50% in the spleen and lung and was not changed in muscle and testis. Within 10 min after intravenous injection of latex beads, neutropenia developed, with no change in the number of lymphocytes. This was accompanied by a marked influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the liver. Latex was found in 52%, 35%, and 14% of the isolated Kupffer cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells, respectively. In vivo glucose uptake increased by 111%, 142%, and 43% in these cells. Glucose uptake by the latex-free hepatocytes was also elevated, presumably by way of intercellular signals between parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells. Indomethacin pretreatment resulted in the delay of neutrophil immigration into tissues without any change in the glucose response of different liver cells. Thus phagocytic stimulation in vivo results in marked neutropenia, migration of neutrophils into the liver, increased glucose uptake by phagocytic cells of the liver and enhanced glucose metabolism by the nonphagocytic parenchymal cells. (Hepatology 1991;13:277—281).
Desmoplastic malignant melanoma: a clinicopathological study of 25 cases
Authors: A. ANSTEY, P. MCKEE, E. WILSON JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Desmoplastic malignant melanoma: a clinicopathological study of 25 cases Get access A. ANSTEY, A. ANSTEY Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, U.K.Department of Histopathlogy, St Thomas' Hospital, London SEl 7EH, U.K.St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital, A London SEl 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. MCKEE, P. MCKEE Department of Histopathlogy, St Thomas' Hospital, London SEl 7EH, U.K.St John's Dermatology Centre. St Thomas' Hospital, A London SEl 7EH. U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. WILSON JONES E. WILSON JONES Department of Dermatology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 4, 1 October 1993, Pages 359–371, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03159.x Published: 01 October 1993 Article history Accepted: 27 May 1993 Published: 01 October 1993
Unresolved Problem of Treatment of Glioma
Authors: Howard D. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Marshall et al (228:1417, 1974) have shown that it is feasible to diagnose malignant gliomas by needle biopsy through a burr hole. Unfortunately, the malignant glioma is a disease that defies treatment, not diagnosis. Modern surgical techniques and improved preoperative preparation with steroids and osmotic agents have allowed extensive surgical resections of malignant gliomas. Several groups have concluded that the most radical operative procedure that is consistent with maintenance of neurological function accomplishes more in terms of survival and better postoperative condition than does a less extensive operation. Bartal et al (<i>Surg Neurol</i>1:337, 1973) have even reported the value of extensive resection of dominant hemisphere glioblastomas in improving the quality and duration of survival. The risk of taking a greater amount of tumor tissue is usually more than compensated for by the beneficial effects of the decompression or tumor removal. Although subtotal resection does not "cure"
English treatment centres are treating less complex patients than hospitals
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Dedicated treatment centres in England seem to be treating less complex cases in particular treatment categories than hospitals but are getting the same funding per treatment.

Patients treated in standalone centres dedicated to a small number of high volume elective procedures are less likely to come from deprived areas, have fewer diagnoses, and undergo fewer procedures than hospital patients, concludes a study that was based on data from more than 3.3 million patients ( Health Policy doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.09.013).

“Our analysis finds evidence that hospitals are treating patients of greater complexity than treatment centres,” say the authors, from the Centre for Health Economics, University of York, and other …
Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography of the Heart
Authors: Richard L. Morin, Thomas C. Gerber, Cynthia H. McCollough
Journal: Circulation (2003)

C urrently, computed tomographic (CT) imaging of the heart is mainly used for the quantification of coronary artery calcification as an indirect measure of coronary plaque burden 1,2 and, less frequently, for minimally invasive coronary angiography. 3CT imaging of the heart and coronary arteries without unsharpness due to motion artifact first became possible with the introduction of electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) in 1983. 4More recently, so-called multislice spiral computed tomographic (MSCT) scanners with gantry rotation speeds fast enough to produce diagnostic images of the heart under certain conditions have become widely available. 5As a consequence, cardiac CT imaging, most often performed for the purpose of calcium scoring, 2 is increasingly applied to the general public.In many centers, patients have access to such studies without physician referral.This has created concerns for public health because of the radiation dose associated with CT imaging. 6 -8 Many clinicians and researchers working with patients with cardiovascular diseases may yet be unfamiliar with the radiation doses that are received during various cardiac CT imaging protocols and how they differ between the various scanner types that are currently used.To further complicate matters, radiation dose estimates can be expressed in various ways.For these reasons, the doses reported in previous publications on cardiac CT have varied widely, and it is not always clear what parameters were being reported. 3,9 -11 The purpose of this article is to discuss the current concepts of radiation dose measurement and estimation in CT imaging and to provide comparative estimates for radiation doses received during cardiac examinations with use of EBCT or MSCT.This information may be helpful to physicians who perform calcium scoring, counsel patients contemplating cardiac calcium scoring, or are considering referring their patients for such studies.
Task force formed to coordinate study, testing of AIDS therapies
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Evaluation and clinical testing of potentially useful therapies for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are entering a new phase. Until now, drugs or other strategies that might be helpful in the treatment of the disease have, by and large, been evaluated by independent investigators, by pharmaceutical companies that have developed possibly useful agents, or in clinical studies at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. However, even though much has been accomplished, the number of AIDS cases continues to mount. As of this month, there are nearly 18,000 reported cases of AIDS with more than 9,000 deaths. So it is being recognized that the efforts to develop strategies for managing AIDS need more focus administratively and scientifically. The result has been the formation within the Public Health Service of a task force on AIDS. At the moment, it is headed by Walter R. Dowdle, PhD. "The idea of my
Study Further Erodes Evidence for Eating Fruits and Vegetables to Prevent Cancer
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

a third (168 of 509) said they planned to reduce their involvement in cooperative program trials, and 127 study sites cited insufficientper-casereimbursementfrom theNCI(BaerARetal.JOncolPract.2010; 6[3]:114-117). The current per-case reimbursement according to the survey is $2000 but the actual study costs per patient are $5000 to $6000. To address this problem, the IOM report recommends that the NCI increase the per-case reimbursement rate to cover the actual costs and allocate a larger proportion of its budget to the cooperative program, which currently accounts for less than 3% of the NCI’s budget. If such additional funding cannot be secured, the report recommends that the NCI reduce the number of trials undertaken by the cooperative groups so that those trials that go forward are adequately funded. In a statement, the American Society of Clinical Oncology’s immediate past presidentRichardL.Shilsky,MD,saidthe organization supports the IOM recommendations, but also urges the NCI to doubleitsfundingforthecooperativeprogram over the next 5 years.