tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Partial coronary stenosis is sufficient and complete reperfusion is mandatory for preconditioning the canine heart.
Authors: M Ovize, K Przyklenk, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Repeated brief episodes of total coronary artery occlusion (i.e., severe ischemia), each separated by brief periods of reperfusion, reduce infarct size after a subsequent sustained ischemia. The importance of the intensity of ischemia during these coronary artery occlusions and the role of the following transient reflow are poorly understood. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether moderate preconditioning ischemia induced by partial coronary artery stenosis (reducing coronary flow to approximately 50% of its baseline values), with or without a brief period of total reperfusion, could precondition the canine myocardium. Dogs were randomized to receive one of three preconditioning "treatments": the R(-) group underwent 15 minutes of partial coronary stenosis without subsequent brief reperfusion (n = 8); the R(+) group underwent 15 minutes of partial coronary stenosis followed by 10 minutes of full reflow (n = 8); and the control group underwent no intervention (n = 8). All dogs then underwent 1 hour of total coronary artery occlusion and 4.5 hours of reperfusion. Both treated groups were equally and moderately ischemic during partial stenosis: myocardial blood flow in the inner two thirds of the left ventricular wall averaged 0.25 +/- 0.05 and 0.31 +/- 0.07 ml/min per gram in the R(-) and R(+) groups, respectively (p = NS). Furthermore, all three groups were equally and severely ischemic during sustained total occlusion: myocardial blood flow in the inner two thirds of the left ventricular wall averaged 0.06 +/- 0.05, 0.05 +/- 0.03, and 0.07 +/- 0.03 ml/min/g in control, R(-), and R(+) groups, respectively (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aprepitant as an Antipruritic Agent?
Authors: Arnaud Duval, Louis Dubertret
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: The Sezary syndrome is a leukemic, cutaneous, epidermotropic T-cell lymphoma. Pruritus, insomnia, and depression impair the quality of life and can lead to suicide.1 Substance P is a key mediator of pruritus.2 An increase in the expression of its receptor, neurokinin-1, has been reported on keratinocytes in pruritic skin diseases.3 Aprepitant is an oral neurokinin-1–receptor antagonist.4 It is widely used as an antiemetic agent in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.5 However, its action suggests a potential reduction in substance P–induced pruritus, even though pruritus is considered a rare side effect of this drug. We report on three patients . . .
Interferon gamma selectively inhibits very primitive CD342+CD38- and not more mature CD34+CD38+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Authors: H W Snoeck, D R Van Bockstaele, G Nys, M Lenjou, F Lardon, L Haenen, I Rodrigus, M E Peetermans, Z N Berneman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

To assess the effects of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on very primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells, CD34(2+)CD38- human bone marrow cells were isolated and cultured in a two-stage culture system, consisting of a primary liquid culture phase followed by a secondary semisolid colony assay. CD34(2+)CD38- cells needed at least the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3) and kit ligand (KL) together with either IL-1, IL-6, or granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the primary liquid phase in order to proliferate and differentiate into secondary colony-forming cells (CFC). Addition of IFN-gamma to the primary liquid cultures inhibited cell proliferation and generation of secondary CFC in a dose-dependent way. This was a direct effect since it was also seen in primary single cell cultures of CD34(2+)CD38- cells. The proliferation of more mature CD34+CD38+ cells, however, was not inhibited by IFN-gamma, demonstrating for the first time that IFN-gamma is a specific and direct hematopoietic stem cell inhibitor. IFN-gamma, moreover, preserves the viability of CD34(2+)CD38- cells in the absence of other cytokines. IFN-gamma could, therefore, play a role in the protection of the stem cell compartment from exhaustion in situations of hematopoietic stress and may be useful as stem cell protecting agent against chemotherapy for cancer.
Life and Death on 10 West
Authors: R. Abrams
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Bone marrow transplantation has received (and continues to receive) a great deal of attention in both medical and nonmedical circles. For physicians aware of the data generated in recent years by the many trials involving bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia and leukemia, reading Mr Lax's book will result in an augmented understanding of the human realities of bone marrow transplantation by providing the opportunity to see it as it is seen and experienced by those involved. "10 West," a bone marrow transplant unit, becomes a window through which we are allowed to view the interaction of patients, families, doctors, nurses, life-threatening hematologic disease, and life-threatening treatment. The people and situations are realistically depicted, as are the diseases, treatment issues, and resulting complications. The perspectives of the nurses involved in 12-hour shifts of patient care on the edge of clinical research and the opportunity to see the realities of life
WEIL'S DISEASE
Authors: Clara Raven
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In referring to your editorial on Weil's disease (The Journal, Oct. 11, 1941, p. 1266), permit me to make one suggestion. In speaking of the laboratory tests in the diagnosis, the editorial states that "... dark field examination of centrifuged blood during the first stage and of the urine after the tenth day are the most important." Unfortunately, in practice the pitfalls involved in the direct examination of blood by dark field illumination are such that little reliance can be placed on this method alone, even by experienced laboratory workers. Recently I had occasion to speak with Dr. E. A. Fennel of Honolulu on this very subject. I had just completed a study on canine leptospirosis (Canine Leptospirosis in Pennsylvania,<i>J. Infect. Dis.</i><b>69</b>:131-137 [Sept.-Oct.] 1941). In this study numerous blood specimens were examined serologically (agglutination-lysis test) and also by direct dark field illumination of centrifuged blood
FIRST PAN-AMERICAN MEDICAL CONGRESS.AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONGRESS.
Authors: WILLIAM PEPPER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In the City of Washington, D. C. September 6,1893. <i>Gentlemen of the First Pan-American Medical Congress</i>:—This occasion is an unique one, and the thoughts which force themselves on the minds of all of us are, I am convinced, so similar that the briefest greeting might well seem the most fitting address. But when I reflect that I stand here to represent the original committee appointed in pursuance of the resolution which was adopted unanimously on May 5, 1891. at the meeting of the American Medical Association, and that this resolution extended a cordial· invitation to the medical profession of the Western Hemisphere to assemble here in a Congress, I realize the unusual dignity of the duty I must discharge. If anything could add to the dignity of this assemblage, which for the first time asserts formally the organic union of the physicians of all America, it is the fact that
Where can we publish?
Authors: Samer Jabbour
Journal: BMJ (2004)

I magine you are facing the following situations. You want to say something in a respected publication about a conflict between the health ministry and private hospitals over reimbursement. You wish to discuss matters that touch local sensitivities, such as mismanagement of health programmes, but you expect blame for showing “dirty laundry” internationally. You publish commentaries about local issues in “high impact” journals but discover that only a few of your local colleagues have read them. You have researched a locally relevant topic that may not interest overseas readers and hope to publish the results locally. What are the appropriate platforms for publishing each of these types of article? You might think that local or regional journals will fulfil the need, but this would be wishful thinking today in many developing countries.

> Why can't we upgrade our journals? 

Let's take representative examples from my region: the Lebanese Medical …
Doctors contributed to poor health of black South Africans
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1998)

South Africa's health establishment during the apartheid years had allowed the creation of an environment in which the health of millions of black South Africans was neglected and at times actively compromised, according to the 3500 page report of the Truth And Reconciliation Commission published last week.

In a relatively small section devoted to health, the commission said that, although there was insufficient evidence to conclude that health professionals had been responsible for gross violations of human rights, they …
Theory and Practice of Psychiatry
Authors: D. W. Hodo
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Empowerment of patients---fact or fiction?
Authors: B. Squires
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Empowerment of patients is a key element of the NHS Plan .1 However, the current obsession with performance indicators may pressurise managers to interfere with clinical services with little regard to the opinions of patients.

Our unit has a busy orthopaedic outpatient clinic that deals with complex hip problems, many of which are tertiary referrals with patients travelling a considerable distance for their consultations. New patients …
Erosive Syphilitic Gastritis: Dark-Field and Immunofluorescent Diagnosis from Biopsy Specimen
Authors: DAVID B. SACHAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

A 42-year-old man with positive blood and spinal fluid findings for syphilis had clinical, radiologic, gastroscopic, and histologic evidence of a severe infiltrative and erosive gastritis involving the entire distal stomach. Gastric tissue obtained from gastroscopic biopsy contained numerous motile spirochetes on dark-field microscopy, with strongly positive specific treponemal immunofluorescence. The abnormalities resolved after a course of penicillin therapy. This case shows the propensity of late secondary syphilis to produce mucosal lesions in the stomach.
Children and Guns
Authors: Joshua E. Muscat
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The article by Wintemute et al 1 about children shooting children in the June 12 issue of JAMA points out the need to provide better safeguards against events that are potentially avoidable. As epidemiologic studies of fatalities due to the use of firearms may be used to address issues of gun control, it is important to understand the differences in intentional and unintentional injuries due to firearm use. The type of intervention strategies designed to prevent injuries due to firearm use will necessarily be based on the intent (or lack of intent) of the shooter.  Wintemute et al show that 40% of unintentional firearm shootings of children younger than 15 years of age were selfinflicted. The majority of these were among the older age group, aged 10 to 14 years. As suggested, it is possible that some of these shootings were intentional. It is likely that the
Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool in bone marrow niches by EVI1-regulated GPR56
Authors: Y Saito, K Kaneda, A Suekane, E Ichihara, S Nakahata, N Yamakawa, K Nagai, N Mizuno, K Kogawa, I Miura, H Itoh, K Morishita
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Reduction of pulsatile hydraulic power in the pulmonary circulation caused by moderate vasoconstriction
Authors: H. PIENE, A. HAUGE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Vascular input impedance and associated hydraulic power was measured in rabbit isolated lungs. The study was focused on changes in impedance and in pulsatile hydraulic power during relaxation and contraction of vascular smooth muscle. Pulsatile power was found to be at a minimum when smooth muscle tone was such that the pulmonary arterial pressure was in the physiological range, and increased both when the vessels were relaxed and further constricted. Input impedance was found to be determined mainly by the large, proximal (‘extra-alveolar’) arteries.
Associations between Aspirin Use and Aging Macula Disorder
Authors: Paulus T.V.M. de Jong, Usha Chakravarthy, Mati Rahu, Johan Seland, Gisele Soubrane, Fotis Topouzis, Johannes R. Vingerling, Jesus Vioque, Ian Young, Astrid E. Fletcher
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Acute Tubular Necrosis Caused by Exercise-Induced Myoglobinuria
Authors: ROBERT W. HAMILTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Reports of acute tubular necrosis after exercise-induced myoglobinuria are rare, especially among nonmilitary populations. A 19-year old university student developed acute tubular necrosis after an intramural wrestling match. Severe myalgia, elevated serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, and a positive o-tolidine test on urine suggested myoglobinuria, although gross pigmenturia was not present. Myoglobin was identified in his urine and serum by immunodiffusion and electrophoresis techniques. The course of this patient's renal failure was typical, except for a disproportionate rise in serum creatinine relative to blood urea nitrogen. A similar disproportion was seen in three other cases in which acute renal failure caused by rhabdomyolysis was present. Exercise-induced myoglobinuria is probably an underdiagnosed condition. The fact that it may produce life-threatening acute tubular necrosis should be kept in mind by physicians involved in the care of athletes and military personnel.
(12) Tumoral calcinosis
Authors: N.P. BURROWS, R.RUSSELL JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article (12) Tumoral calcinosis Get access N.P. BURROWS, N.P. BURROWS Department of Dermatology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.RUSSELL JONES R.RUSSELL JONES Department of Dermatology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue s40, 1 July 1992, Page 53, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb01237.x Published: 01 July 1992
Book Review DNA and the Criminal Justice System: The Technology of Justice (Basic Bioethics.) Edited by David Lazer. 414 pp. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 2004. $67 (cloth); $27 (paper). 0-262-12265-0 (cloth); 0-262-62186-X (paper).
Authors: George Sensabaugh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
A memorable patient: Realising why
Authors: A. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2000)

error and harm are increased.Precautions can be taken to mitigate the unwanted effects of change:x Use a formal process to predict opportunities for error and harm before making the change and eliminate them if possible or mitigate their effect with standardised contingency plans and training x Test the changes on a small scale with minimum risk and devote resources to redesign the procedure as problems are identified x Monitor the clinical outcomes, errors, and adverse events over time during testing and implementation. Setting aimsSystem change requires will.The will for change can be articulated by setting aims that specify the level of system performance with respect to errors and adverse events.Because of the gravity of an adverse event, improvements should be thought of in terms of decreasing orders of magnitude of errors, 1 per 100, 1 per 1000, 1 per 10 000.Error rates in any system must ultimately be determined empirically.However, some first approximations of current system performance and potential performance can be developed using nominal error rates developed by specialists in human factors supplemented by internal data at check points or from research studies. 21Table 1 contains examples of these error rates.The error rates in table 1 are for a single task.Most processes in health care contain many steps and tasks.The error rate for a process increases as the steps in the process, and therefore its complexity, increase.Table 2 contains the error rates for a process given the number of steps in the process and the error rate at each step.In reality error rates at each step will vary and there may be hundreds of steps.However, in practice a few of the steps will be most hazardous or have error rates that are substantially worse than the rest, so the computation can be done using these steps. 22Since the commission and omission error rates for simple tasks in a relatively stress free environment are in the parts per thousand, empirically developed rates that are in the parts per hundred indicate that rudimentary application of the system changes described in this paper will produce substantial improvements in safety.Improvements to a system with empirical error rates in the parts per thousand will necessitate more sophisticated system changes including substantial use of all three types of constraints and substantial levels of automation.Much is yet to be learnt about how to design healthcare systems that are effective and safe.However, a solid foundation of knowledge and methods exist on which to build the healthcare systems that both patients and clinicians deserve.
Sound Pressure Correlates of the Second Heart Sound
Authors: JAMES A. SHAVER, RICHARD A. NADOLNY, JAMES D. O'TOOLE, MARK E. THOMPSON, P. S. REDDY, DONALD F. LEON, EDWARD I. CURTISS
Journal: Circulation (1974)

The sound pressure correlates of the second heart sound were studied in 22 patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Simultaneous right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures were recorded with equisensitive catheter-tip micromanometers together with the external phonocardiogram and ECG. In 12 patients having normal pulmonary vascular resistance (group 1), pulmonic closure sound was coincident with the incisura of the pulmonary artery pressure curve which in turn was separated from the right ventricular pressure trace by an interval denoted hangout. The duration of this interval varied (33-89 msec), was independent of pulmonary artery pressure or resistance and was felt to be primarily a reflection of the capacitance of the pulmonary vascular tree. The absolute value of this interval during inspiration was very similar to the splitting interval and, when subtracted from the Q-P 2 interval, the remaining interval (QRV) was almost identical to the Q-A 2 interval, indicating that the actual duration of right and left ventricular systole is nearly equal. Awareness of the existence of the hangout interval and its hemodynamic determinants offers a reasonable mechanism to explain the audible expiratory splitting of the second heart sound found in patients with idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery following atrial septal defect repair and in one additional patient studied with mild valvular pulmonic stenosis. In nine patients with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance approaching systemic levels (group 2), the absolute value of the hangout interval was markedly reduced (15-28 msec) consistent with the decrease in capacitance of the pulmonary vascular bed and the increased pulmonary vascular resistance known to occur in pulmonary hypertension. In those patients where the duration of right and left ventricular systole were nearly equal, narrow splitting of the second heart sound was present. In those patients where selective prolongation of right ventricular systole occurred, the narrow hangout interval persisted, but the splitting interval was prolonged proportionate to the increased duration of right ventricular systole.
ABCC2 (MRP2, cMOAT) Can Be Localized in the Nuclear Membrane of Ovarian Carcinomas and Correlates with Resistance to Cisplatin and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Pawel Surowiak, Verena Materna, Irina Kaplenko, Marek Spaczynski, Barbara Dolinska-Krajewska, Elzbieta Gebarowska, Manfred Dietel, Maciej Zabel, Hermann Lage
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. ABCC2 is commonly localized in apical cell membranes and could confer cisplatin resistance. Here, we show that ABCC2 can be localized in the cytoplasmic membrane as well as in the nuclear membrane of various human tissues including ovarian carcinoma cells. Experimental Design: For the subcellular detection of ABCC2, immunohistochemistry was done using 41 Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes stage III ovarian carcinoma specimens prepared before treatment with cisplatin-based schemes and 35 specimens from the same group after chemotherapy. Furthermore, 11 ovarian carcinoma cell lines as well as tissue microarrays consisting of various human tissues were analyzed. Results: Nuclear membranous localization of ABCC2 was associated with response to first-line chemotherapy at primary (P = 0.0013) and secondary surgery (P = 0.0060). Cases with relapse showed higher nuclear membrane expression at primary (P = 0.0003) and secondary surgery (P = 0.0024). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that weak nuclear membrane ABCC2 expression before treatment was associated with significantly longer overall (P = 0.04) and progression-free survival (P = 0.001); following chemotherapy, it correlated with significantly longer progression-free survival (P = 0.038). Tissue microarrays confirmed nuclear membranous localization of ABCC2, in particular, in poorly differentiated cells. In ovarian carcinoma cells, it correlated with resistance against cisplatin, whereas localization in the cytoplasmic membrane did not. Conclusions: ABCC2 confers resistance to cisplatin of ovarian carcinoma in cell culture systems and in clinics when expressed in the nuclear membrane. Thus, ABCC2 localization can predict platinum therapy outcome. Furthermore, expression of ABCC2 in nuclear membranes in human tissues is specific for poorly differentiated cells including stem cells.