tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Ischemia and Digitalis
Authors: H. S. Ko
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his article,<i>Recovery from Acute Intestinal Ischemia Without Bowel Resection</i>(226:776, 1973), Dr. Vyden pointed out the importance of congestive heart failure in the pathogenesis of ischemic bowel disorder. He found the ischemic process to be reversible by appropriate treatment of the primary cause. In congestive failure, passive venous congestion to the splanchnic circulation and simultaneous increased sympathetic discharge result in vasoconstriction. The increase in sympathetic nervous outflow to the heart to increase rate is directly proportional to the increase in the sympathetic vasomotor outflow necessary to constrict visceral organs.<sup>1</sup>Thus, the tachycardia in failure may be an index to the degree of vasoconstriction in the splanchnic bed. Digitalis, by ameliorating cardiac performance and output, tends to lessen passive venous congestion and also reduce vasoconstriction through diminished sympathetic outflow. Both cases presented by Vyden were treated with digitalis. In case 2, digoxin was given prior
Serum copper and caeruloplasmin in ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, and morphea
Authors: M.I.V. Jayson, P. Davis, J.T. Whicher, G. Walters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Studies of serum copper and caeruloplasmin were performed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, systemic sclerosis, and morphea. Mean levels of both were raised significantly in ankylosing spondylitis, with the greatest increases in the worst cases. In patients with systemic sclerosis there was a significant increase in the mean level of caeruloplasmin, but not of copper, although both were raised in the 2 patients with the most aggressive disease. No alterations were found in patients with morphea. The values in the patients overlapped considerably with the values in the control subjects. It is thought that the increase in serum copper is probably secondary to the increase in caeruloplasmin which occurs as a nonspecific response to inflammation.
California team manipulates bacteria to mass-produce natural opiate
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The A. he young but vigorous discipline of gene cloning took another leap last month with the announcement that the naturally occurring neuropeptide β-endorphin has been produced by bacterial cultures. At the meeting of the Association of American Physicians in Washington, DC, John Baxter, MD, reported that he and colleagues at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have also confirmed the chemical identity of the β-endorphin that was produced and have demonstrated its biological activity in two standard in vitro assays. Since shortly after the discovery of β-endorphin in 1976, psychiatrists and behavioral scientists have been eager to study its effects on pain and depression in humans. On the basis of Baxter's preliminary report, it appears that bacterial synthesis can provide enough material for these studies. β-Endorphin is only the second substance produced by gene cloning methods for which biological activity has been shown. The first was interferon (<i>JAMA</i>
Risk of Lymphoma in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated With Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine: A Meta-analysis
Authors: David S. Kotlyar, James D. Lewis, Laurent Beaugerie, Ann Tierney, Colleen M. Brensinger, Javier P. Gisbert, Edward V. Loftus, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Wojciech C. Blonski, Manuel Van Domselaar, Maria Chaparro, Sandipani Sandilya, Meenakshi Bewtra, Florian Beigel, Livia Biancone, Gary R. Lichtenstein
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2014)
Analysis of the role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in the liver of tissue-specific knockout mice
Authors: Martin Raabe, Murielle M. Véniant, Meghan A. Sullivan, Constance H. Zlot, Johan Björkegren, Lars Bo Nielsen, Jinny S. Wong, Robert L. Hamilton, Stephen G. Young
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

A deficiency in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) causes the human lipoprotein deficiency syndrome abetalipoproteinemia. However, the role of MTP in the assembly and secretion of VLDL in the liver is not precisely understood. It is not clear, for instance, whether MTP is required to move the bulk of triglycerides into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during the assembly of VLDL particles. To define MTP’s role in hepatic lipoprotein assembly, we recently knocked out the mouse MTP gene (Mttp). Unfortunately, achieving our objective was thwarted by a lethal embryonic phenotype. In this study, we produced mice harboring a “floxed” Mttp allele and then used Cre-mediated recombination to generate liver-specific Mttp knockout mice. Inactivating the Mttp gene in the liver caused a striking reduction in VLDL triglycerides and large reductions in both VLDL/LDL and HDL cholesterol levels. The Mttp inactivation lowered apo B-100 levels in the plasma by >95% but reduced plasma apo B-48 levels by only ∼20%. Histologic studies in liver-specific knockout mice revealed moderate hepatic steatosis. Ultrastructural studies of wild-type mouse livers revealed numerous VLDL-sized lipid-staining particles within membrane-bound compartments of the secretory pathway (ER and Golgi apparatus) and few cytosolic lipid droplets. In contrast, VLDL-sized lipid-staining particles were not observed in MTP-deficient hepatocytes, either in the ER or in the Golgi apparatus, and there were numerous cytosolic fat droplets. We conclude that MTP is essential for transferring the bulk of triglycerides into the lumen of the ER for VLDL assembly and is required for the secretion of apo B-100 from the liver.
Academic Boycott of South Africa
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I read with interest the exchange of letters between Dommisse<sup>1</sup>and Benatar<sup>2</sup>about the academic boycott of South Africa. As the world awaits the removal of the final vestiges of apartheid, the academic boycott should be fully lifted forthwith. I believe the boycott has and continues to do more harm than good. I visited South Africa 3 years ago and can personally attest to the fact that the medical academic communities at the universities of Cape Town and Johannesburg (Witwatersrand) are in the forefront of the fight against apartheid. At great personal risk, many of the faculty members speak out, write, and demonstrate against South Africa's racist policies. The University of Cape Town is fully integrated in terms of students, faculty, and employees and the Groote Schuur University Hospital also has full integration of patients and patient facilities. The University of Witwatersrand is following the
Book Review Early Breast Cancer: From Screening to Multidisciplinary Management Second edition. Edited by Guidubaldo Querci della Rovere, Ruth Warren, and John R. Benson. 492 pp., illustrated. Abingdon, England, Informa Healthcare/Taylor &amp; Francis, 2006. $249.95. 1-84184-384-9
Authors: Anthony B. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Major Depression
Authors: Alexander H. Glassman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A relationship between cigarette smoking and major depressive disorder was suggested in previous work involving nonrandomly selected samples. We conducted a test of this association, employing population-based data (n = 3213) collected between 1980 and 1983 in the St Louis Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey of the National Institute of Mental Health. A history of regular smoking was observed more frequently among individuals who had experienced major depressive disorder at some time in their lives than among individuals who had never experienced major depression or among individuals with no psychiatric diagnosis. Smokers with major depression were also less successful at their attempts to quit than were either of the comparison groups. Gender differences in rates of smoking and of smoking cessation observed in the larger population were not evident among the depressed group. Furthermore, the association between cigarette smoking and major depression was not ubiquitous across all psychiatric diagnoses. Other data are cited indicating that when individuals with a history of depression stop smoking, depressive symptoms and, in some cases, serious major depression may ensue. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1546-1549)
Miraculous deliverance of Anne Green: an Oxford case of resuscitation in the seventeenth century.
Authors: J T Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1982)

that their precepts, principles, and attitudes are as valid now as they were in 1832.Hastings was a very great man and he was also a very modest man, but I have no doubt that he would have been quietly but justifiably satisfied with the achievements of his Association.I am equally sure, however, that he would have pointed out that the problems facing the medical profession and society continue and that the need for an active and vigorous BMA is just as great as it ever was.No words can better express my feelings about the BMA than those spoken by a very close friend and ally of Charles Hastings, Dr John Connolly of Warwick.These were part of his address to the third annual meeting held in Birmingham, and his sentiment and his message are just as appropriate today
THE ANTIGENIC POTENCY OF NON-INFECTIOUS POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS AS DETERMINED BY ITS LIBERATING EFFECT ON ACTIVE VIRUS NEUTRALIZED BY IMMUNE SERUM
Authors: Ulrich Krech
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

The activation of poliomyelitis virus from a "neutral" virus-antibody mixture by the addition of non-infectious virus is described. The phenomenon was demonstrated in tissue cultures using both Petri dishes and roller tubes. The reaction was found to be type-specific and a relationship between antigen dilution and number of plaques counted was established. The relative potency of vaccine preparations determined in this system was found to be comparable to their relative potency in respect to protection-inducing activity in mice.
Review Body's Report: Dental Anaesthetic Fees
Authors: A. Galley
Journal: BMJ (1966)

OURNALadded to his pay packet.It has been said that one of the sorrows of our time is the shortness of living memory.Do not let it be forgotten, therefore, that behind whatever award general practitioners are about to win lie 17 years of struggle and strife.The vaunted £1,000 wage increase may yet turn out to be another myth married to a breach of promise.And then there is the vexed question of the unpaid services of the general practitioner's wife-but that is another sad story.And finally, do not run away with the old idea that becoming a general practitioner is just a matter of putting up a plate.It takes a decade at least before you are a good 'un! -I am, etc., Cradley, Worcs.
Gut Microbiota Metabolites of Dietary Lignans and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Investigation in Two Cohorts of U.S. Women. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1287–1295
Authors: Qi Sun, Nicole M. Wedick, An Pan, Mary K. Townsend, Aedin Cassidy, Adrian A. Franke, Eric B. Rimm, Frank B. Hu, Rob M. van Dam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

A minor coding error occurred in the analysis programs that generated results included in the article cited above. In …
Services Offered to the Physician by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Authors: Vlado A. Getting
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

IN 1850 Lemuel Shattuck, a representative in the General Court of Massachusetts and a bookseller in Concord, alarmed to find that so many persons died in the prime of life, presented the first sanitary survey, entitled "Report of a General Plan for the Promotion of Public and Personal Health," to the General Court. In 1869 the first state board of health in the country was established by the General Court in Massachusetts. This Board was authorized to take cognizance of the interest of health and life among the citizens of Massachusetts, and to make sanitary investigations and inquiries concerning the . . .
Auto-immunologic Reactions to Muscle in Myasthemia Gravis.
Authors: Robert S. Abernathy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Auto-immunologic Reactions to Muscle in Myasthemia Gravis.Robert S. Abernathy, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert S. Abernathy, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1087_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt has been proposed that the altered neuromuscular activity in myasthemia gravis results from muscle antibodies formed by auto-immune mechanisms. Auto-antibodies to muscle were therefore searched for in eight patients with myasthemia gravis (MG). By the indirect fluorescent antibody technique, four patients showed binding of their serum gamma globulins to slices of either normal or MG muscle obtained by biopsy. Specific globulin binding was localized to the muscle striations. It was blocked by prior absorption of the serum with muscle but remained after absorption with human liver powder. Diffuse sarcolemmal staining was also seen but was not specific. In three... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Little Rock, Arkansas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1087-1087KeywordsAntibodiesBiopsyGlobulinsLiverMusclesStaining Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cocaine-evoked negative symptoms require AMPA receptor trafficking in the lateral habenula
Authors: Frank J Meye, Kristina Valentinova, Salvatore Lecca, Lucile Marion-Poll, Matthieu J Maroteaux, Stefano Musardo, Imane Moutkine, Fabrizio Gardoni, Richard L Huganir, François Georges, Manuel Mameli
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
WT1 splice-site mutations are rarely associated with primary steroid-resistant focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Erick Denamur, Nathalie Bocquet, Veronique Baudouin, Françis Da Silva, Reiner Veitia, Michel Peuchmaur, Jacques Elion, Marie Claire Gubler, Marc Fellous, Patrick Niaudet, Chantal Loirat
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Effects of Changes in Blood Flow Rate on Cell Death and Cell Proliferation in Carotid Arteries of Immature Rabbits
Authors: Aesim Cho, Lylieth Mitchell, Donna Koopmans, B. Lowell Langille
Journal: Circulation Research (1997)

Abstract Spontaneous and experimental changes in arterial blood flow rates affect tissue accumulation in developing arteries. To examine whether cell proliferation and/or cell death are affected by alterations in blood flow, we ligated the left external carotid artery of 3-week-old rabbits, which reduces left common carotid blood flow by 71%. In control arteries and after 2 days of flow reduction, agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA extracted from all carotid arteries resolved multiple low molecular weight bands characteristic of apoptosis; however, DNA fragmentation in arteries carrying reduced blood flow was 2.5-fold higher than that of control arteries. The effect of reduced blood flow on cell death subsequently waned but remained significant at 7 days. Cell death in carotid arteries was also detected by in vivo uptake of propidium iodide, a DNA-binding fluorescent dye that labels the nuclei of nonviable cells. Both smooth muscle and endothelial cells exhibited large and statistically significant increases in labeling index in the flow-reduced artery. Propidium iodide–labeled cells were cleared from the vessel wall within 1 to 4 hours of labeling, and nuclear staining displayed condensation (clumping) of chromatin in all labeled cells at later time points. This time course and nuclear morphology and the rapid clearance of labeled cells are consistent with death via apoptosis. Many propidium iodide–positive cells did not display chromatin condensation immediately after labeling; however, this was also true of cultured endothelial cells that were driven into apoptosis with sphingomyelinase treatment and then double-labeled with propidium iodide and the apoptosis marker annexin V. We infer that propidium iodide can label apoptotic vascular cells before these cells display chromatin condensation that is detectable with fluorescence labeling of DNA. Replication rates of smooth muscle and endothelial cells, determined by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine uptake, were inhibited by &gt;75% with decreased blood flow. The inhibition of proliferation was unabated after 7 days of reduced flow. These findings indicate that the coordinated regulation of cell death and cell proliferation, in response to changes in arterial blood flow rates, contributes to arterial remodeling during development.
Osteomalacia of Unknown Etiology
Authors: William E. Segar, Frank L. Iber, Laurence H. Kyle, Natalie Lawson, Betty Hackley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

OSTEOMALACIA is a generalized disease of bone characterized by lack of calcification of a presumably normal osteoid matrix. The chemical changes in the serum are usually diagnostic and consist of a normal or low serum calcium, a low or normal serum inorganic phosphorus and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. In all cases the product of the serum calcium and serum phosphorus is decreased.1 Radiologically, there may be generalized decreased bony density or the isolated lines of decalcification (the "pseudofractures" first described by Looser2) or both.The causes of osteomalacia can usually be determined readily. They may be classified into . . .
ONE Nano: NIEHS’s Strategic Initiative on the Health and Safety Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Thaddeus T. Schug, Anne F. Johnson, David M. Balshaw, Stavros Garantziotis, Nigel J. Walker, Christopher Weis, Srikanth S. Nadadur, Linda S. Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

The past decade has seen tremendous expansion in the production and application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). The unique properties that make ENMs useful in the marketplace also make their interactions with biological systems difficult to anticipate and critically important to explore. Currently, little is known about the health effects of human exposure to these materials.As part of its role in supporting the National Nanotechnology Initiative, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) has developed an integrated, strategic research program-"ONE Nano"-to increase our fundamental understanding of how ENMs interact with living systems, to develop predictive models for quantifying ENM exposure and assessing ENM health impacts, and to guide the design of second-generation ENMs to minimize adverse health effects.The NIEHS's research investments in ENM health and safety include extramural grants and grantee consortia, intramural research activities, and toxicological studies being conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). These efforts have enhanced collaboration within the nanotechnology research community and produced toxicological profiles for selected ENMs, as well as improved methods and protocols for conducting in vitro and in vivo studies to assess ENM health effects.By drawing upon the strengths of the NIEHS's intramural, extramural, and NTP programs and establishing productive partnerships with other institutes and agencies across the federal government, the NIEHS's strategic ONE Nano program is working toward new advances to improve our understanding of the health impacts of engineered nanomaterials and support the goals of the National Nanotechnology Initiative.
Reduced white matter microstructural integrity correlates with cognitive deficits in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Carmina Montoliu, Amparo Urios, Cristina Forn, Javier García-Panach, Cesar Avila, Carla Gimenez-Garzó, Abdallah Wassel, Miguel A Serra, Remedios Giner-Durán, Olga Gonzalez, Roberto Aliaga, Vicente Belloch, Vicente Felipo
Journal: Gut (2013)

We read with interest the article by Goldbecker et al 1 comparing the accuracy for the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) of the three most commonly used batteries of psychometric test and critical flicker frequency. They conclude that the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES) battery2 is the most robust method for diagnosis of HE.

As mentioned by Goldbecker et al ,1 there is a wide agreement that HE needs to be diagnosed and treated and an increasing body of evidence shows that patients benefit from early treatment of overt and minimal HE (MHE). However, the diagnosis of MHE and lower stages of overt HE strongly depends on the experience of the examiner1 and, as indicated by Ferenci3 in his commentary to the paper of Goldbecker et al ,1 psychometric tests are not used routinely in clinical practice for diagnosis of MHE. As a consequence, most patients with MHE (around two million people in USA4 and a similar number in the European Union) remain undiagnosed and untreated. This is an …
Ineffectiveness of Isoproterenol in Shock Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rolf M. Gunnar
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Studies of clinical and hemodynamic changes in 13 patients with shock due to acute myocardial infarction were conducted. Both levarterenol (norepinephrine) bitartrate and isoproterenol hydrochloride were infused, and the clinical and hemodynamic effects were compared. Arterial pressure could be increased to nearly normal levels in all patients when levarterenol was infused, and this drug appeared to contribute to recovery in four patients. Adequate arterial pressure was obtained in only one patient during isoproterenol infusion, and clinical deterioration was coincident with the change from levarterenol to isoproterenol infusion in four patients. Increases in cardiac output occurred with both drugs, but was related to clinical improvement only when this increase was associated with an elevation in mean arterial pressure. Maintenance of an adequate arterial perfusion pressure is essential in treating shock due to acute myocardial infarction. In most patients, levarterenol is superior to isoproterenol in achieving this goal.
<i>Ikk4a/Arf</i> Inactivation with Activation of the NF-κB/IL-6 Pathway Is Sufficient to Drive the Development and Growth of Angiosarcoma
Authors: Jinming Yang, Sara Kantrow, Jiqing Sai, Oriana E. Hawkins, Mark Boothby, Gregory D. Ayers, Eric D. Young, Elizabeth G. Demicco, Alexander J. Lazar, Dina Lev, Ann Richmond
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although human angiosarcoma has been associated frequently with mutational inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene Ink4a/Arf, the underlying mechanisms have not been delineated. Here we report that malignant angiosarcoma is associated with high levels of RelA/NF-κB and IL-6 in contrast to normal vessels or benign hemagiomas. Studies of Ink4a/Arf deficient mice not only recapitulate genetic traits observed in human angiosarcoma, but also unveil a possible therapeutic link comprised of the NF-kB/IL-6/Stat3 signaling axis. In Ink4a/Arf−/− cells, NF-κB controlled Stat3 signaling by transcriptionally controlling the expression of IL-6, gp130, and Jak2. Further, IL-6 mediated Stat3 signaling through the sIL-6R. Inhibition of Ikkβ solely in myeloid cells was insufficient to block angiosarcoma development; in contrast, systemic inhibition of Ikkβ, IL-6, or Stat3 markedly inhibited angiosarcoma growth. Our findings offer clinical implications for targeting the NF-kB/IL-6/STAT3 pathway as a rational strategy to treat angiosarcoma. Cancer Res; 72(18); 4682–95. ©2012 AACR.