tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Civilian Ground and Air Transport of Adults With Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Keith W. Harless
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The intermountain Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (IRICU), established in 1973 at the LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, provides specialized care for adults and older children with severe respiratory failure in the intermountain West. Because of the large area serviced by the IRICU, a transportation system for the critically ill was developed. Our report describes the transport system, including team organization, techniques, and experiences. Of 44 attempted transports during the last three years, 43 (98%) were safely accomplished without obvious ill effect to the patient. Patients with severe respiratory failure, if their conditions are adequately stabilized, can be safely transported hundreds of kilometers by ground and air by a well-equipped and well-trained team of physicians and nurses.
Maize Adh1 as a monitor of environmental mutagens.
Authors: M Freeling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The maize Adh1 gene is introduced, with citations. The use of this gene as a mutagen monitor is discussed, with emphasis on differentiating quantitative and qualitative parameters. A proper assessment of hazard from environmental pollutants requires data on possible mutagen specificities for different kinds of DNA.
Astrocyte elevated gene-1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis: Novel insights from a mouse model
Authors: Jyoti Srivastava, Ayesha Siddiq, Luni Emdad, Prasanna Kumar Santhekadur, Dong Chen, Rachel Gredler, Xue-Ning Shen, Chadia L. Robertson, Catherine I. Dumur, Phillip B. Hylemon, Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay, Deepak Bhere, Khalid Shah, Rushdy Ahmad, Shah Giashuddin, Jillian Stafflinger, Mark A. Subler, Jolene J. Windle, Paul B. Fisher, Devanand Sarkar
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) is a key contributor to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. To enhance our understanding of the role of AEG-1 in hepatocarcinogenesis, a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte-specific expression of AEG-1 (Alb/AEG1) was developed. Treating Alb/AEG-1, but not wild-type (WT) mice, with N-nitrosodiethylamine resulted in multinodular HCC with steatotic features and associated modulation of expression of genes regulating invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and fatty acid synthesis. Hepatocytes isolated from Alb/AEG-1 mice displayed profound resistance to chemotherapeutics and growth factor deprivation with activation of prosurvival signaling pathways. Alb/AEG-1 hepatocytes also exhibited marked resistance toward senescence, which correlated with abrogation of activation of a DNA damage response. Conditioned media from Alb/AEG-1 hepatocytes induced marked angiogenesis with elevation in several coagulation factors. Among these factors, AEG-1 facilitated the association of factor XII (FXII) messenger RNA with polysomes, resulting in increased translation. Short interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of FXII resulted in profound inhibition of AEG-1-induced angiogenesis. Conclusion: We uncovered novel aspects of AEG-1 functions, including induction of steatosis, inhibition of senescence, and activation of the coagulation pathway to augment aggressive hepatocarcinogenesis. The Alb/AEG-1 mouse provides an appropriate model to scrutinize the molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and to evaluate the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies targeting HCC.
For debate . . . Individual contributions to multiauthor papers.
Authors: S D Moulopoulos, D A Sideris, K A Georgilis
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The curricula vitae of four candidates for a professorial appointment at Athens University were examined to estimate the actual contribution of each candidate to the papers of which he was a coauthor. A total of 879 research papers by the four candidates were analysed in terms of the number of authors, the sequence of names, and the year of publication. The four authors presented 364, 349, 96, and 70 papers. If an equal contribution of all coauthors is assumed, the actual number of papers (all papers divided by the number of authors), is about 106, 83, 28, and 26, respectively, so that the rank of the four candidates did not change. On the assumption that the contribution was related to the candidate's position in the order of the coauthors' names, the numbers of papers were corrected to 84, 95, 26, 33 using one statistical method and to 88, 94, 28, 31 using another. These assumptions may not be valid, however, especially as the last author may be more important than the intermediate ones. It is suggested that the journals require authors to state their specific contribution to a paper, such as original idea, planning, collecting data, writing up, etc.
Bone marrow homing and engraftment of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is mediated by a polarized membrane domain
Authors: Andre Larochelle, Jennifer M. Gillette, Ronan Desmond, Brian Ichwan, Amy Cantilena, Alexandra Cerf, A. John Barrett, Alan S. Wayne, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2012)
Zona Fasciculata Cortical Adenoma and Adrenal Medullary Hyperplasia in MEN II Patient: Unique Concurrent Presentation
Authors: ARNOLD J. KRUBSACK, MOHAMMED A. ARNAOUT, THAD C. HAGEN, JASON S. ZIELONKA, HONGYUNG CHOI, RASHI AKHTAR, WILLIAM J. SCHULTE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

I-131 MIBG for the localization of pheochromocytoma is a highly specific agent. In this case report, an apparent false-positive finding attributed to the presence of three zona fasciculata cortical adenomata was ultimately deduced to be due to the presence of adrenal medullary hyperplasia in this MEN patient.
Specificity of tests for hemoglobin S
Authors: R. M. Nalbandian
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  The paper, Prevalence and Awareness of Sickle Cell Hemoglobin in a Military Population: Determination by a Rapid Screening Method, by Binder and Jones ( 214: 909, 1970), is of great importance in connection with the accurate diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. It is stated that the Sickledex test is completely reliable and specific for the detection of hemoglobin S. We believe that the Sickledex test is an excellent screening test for S hemoglobin but that it is not specific.  Independent work of Nalbandian et al ( Lab Med-Bull Path  10: 277, 1969) discussed the nonspecificity of tests currently used in the detection and diagnosis of hemoglobin S. We stated that the principle of the Sickledex test is identical with the original Itano Solubility Test ( Arch Biochem  47: 148-159, 1953) which attempted to distinguish hemoglobins A, S, and D on the basis of differential solubility. The original pertinent observation, ie,
Double Internal Mammary Artery-Myocardial Implantation
Authors: RENÉ G. FAVALORO, DONALD B. EFFLER, LAURENCE K. GROVES, DAVID J. G. FERGUSSON, JOSÉ S. LOZADA
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A total of 248 double internal mammary artery-myocardial implantations have been performed at the Cleveland Clinic up to October 31, 1967. This report presents an analysis of the clinical experience with the first 150 patients. The majority of the patients were between 40 and 60 years of age. The overall hospital mortality was 9.3%. The lowest mortality rate (4.9%) was among patients between 51 and 60 years of age. The most common complication encountered in this series (22 patients) was atrial fibrillation. Acute myocardial infarction developed in 14 patients; all of them recovered with the usual medical treatment. All of the patients have been studied by Sones's technique of selective coronary angiography and left ventriculography. We believe that this is mandatory in the selection of patients for coronary artery operations. The postoperative evaluation shows significant clinical improvement in the majority, 116 patients. Thirty-one have undergone postoperative angiographic studies. Of 61 opacified arteries, 58 remained patent, and 37 showed definite communication with coronary arteries. We believe our present operative technique allows us to increase myocardial perfusion in any region of the left ventricle.
Human skin basement membrane-associated heparan sulphate proteoglycan: distinctive differences in ultrastructural localization as a function of developmental age
Authors: Y. HORIGUCHI, JO-DAVID FINE, J.R. COUCHMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Recent studies have demonstrated that skin basement membrane components are expressed within the derma-epidermal junction in an orderly sequence during human foetal development. We have investigated the ultrastructural localization of basement membrane-related antigens in human foetal skin at different developmenlal ages using two monoclonal antibodies to a well-characterized basement membrane-associated heparan sulphate proteoglycan. A series of foetal skin specimens (range. 54–142 gestational days) were examined using an immunoperoxidase immunoelectron microscopic technique. In specimens representing very early developmental ages, very diffuse Immunoreaction products were detected. However. by approximately 76 gestational days. some accentuation of heparan sulphate proteoglycan was noted along the lamina densa. and by 142 gestational days. the distribution of heparan sulphate proteoglycan was identical to that observed in neonatal and adult human skin. These findings demonstrate that active remodelling of the dermo-epidermal junction occurs during at least the first two trimesters, and affects not only basement membrane-associated structures but also specific antigens.
Experts foresee no quick resolution to intertwined issues of US deficit reduction and healthcare reform
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Gridlock on reducing the US deficit and on healthcare policy is not likely to change until after the November 2012 presidential and congressional elections, a panel of experts told a congressional briefing on 2 December. However, the next year will be crucial for laying out the issues and policy alternatives for subsequent action.

Failure of the so called congressional “super-committee” to make budget cuts has triggered automatic cuts of $1.2 trillion in a process known as sequestration, unless Congress intervenes. Half of the cuts will come from military expenditure.

The huge Medicare health insurance programme for senior citizens will …
Health effects of acid aerosols formed by atmospheric mixtures.
Authors: M T Kleinman, R F Phalen, W J Mautz, R C Mannix, T R McClure, T T Crocker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Under ambient conditions, sulfur and nitrogen oxides can react with photochemical products and airborne particles to form acidic vapors and aerosols. Inhalation toxicological studies were conducted, exposing laboratory animals, at rest and during exercise, to multicomponent atmospheric mixtures under conditions favorable to the formation of acidic reaction products. Effects of acid and ozone mixtures on early and late clearance of insoluble radioactive particles in the lungs of rats appeared to be dominated by the oxidant component (i.e., the mixture did cause effects that were significantly different from those of ozone alone). Histopathological evaluations showed that sulfuric acid particles alone did not cause inflammatory responses in centriacinar units of rat lung parenchyma (expressed in terms of percent lesion area) but did cause significant damage (cell killing followed by a wave of cell replication) in nasal respiratory epithelium, as measured by uptake of tritiated thymidine in the DNA of replicating cells. Mixtures of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, which form nitric acid, caused significant inflammatory responses in lung parenchyma (in excess of effects seen in rats exposed to ozone alone), but did not damage nasal epithelium. Mixtures containing acidic sulfate particles, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide damaged both lung parenchyma and nasal epithelia. In rats exposed at rest, the response of the lung appeared to be dominated by the oxidant gas-phase components, while responses in the nose were dominated by the acidic particles. In rats exposed at exercise, however, mixtures of ozone and sulfuric acid particles significantly (2.5-fold) elevated the degree of lung lesion formation over that seen in rats exposed to ozone alone under an identical exercise protocol.
Inhibitors of phospholipid intracellular signaling as antiproliferative agents
Authors: Garth Powis, Simon R. Hill, Timothy J. Frew, Kyle W. Sherrill
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1995)

The improved understanding of oncogenesis and the involvement of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, has led to a rational approach of specific target-directed anti-cancer drug development. Cancer genes have been found to be important not only in the control of cell proliferation but also in the mediation of processes such as drug resistance, metastasis, neo-vascularization (angiogenesis), and apoptosis. These are all important targets in their own right and the development of drugs against specific "upstream" targets in oncogenic or growth factor signal transduction cascades it may be possible to inhibit multiple "downstream" targets. Ultimately, to test the hypothesis that signaling pathways offer good targets for anticancer drug development will take several years of careful clinical study and we cannot say at this time whether the approach will work. There are a small number of compounds in the early stages of clinical development as anticancer agents that may act by inhibiting growth factor signaling pathways. In all cases the activity of the compounds on intracellular signaling pathways was discovered after their identification as antiproliferative agents. There are also compounds in preclinical development that have been specifically developed as inhibitors of growth factor signaling, although their selectivity for tumor cells compared to normal tissue remains to be investigated fully in appropriate animal tumor models. It is possible that a single antisignaling drug by itself may not have the power to completely inhibit tumor growth and a combination of drugs may be needed. It may also take a combination of drugs to prevent the emergence of resistance. Clearly there are several challenges to developing this new class of anticancer drugs, and there will undoubtedly be others that must be faced.
Clonal evolution and lack of cytogenetic response are adverse prognostic factors for hematologic relapse of chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Michael E. O'Dwyer, Michael J. Mauro, Carolyn Blasdel, Melanie Farnsworth, Gwen Kurilik, Yi-Ching Hsieh, Motomi Mori, Brian J. Druker
Journal: Blood (2003)
Tuberculosis Research
Authors: Peter M. Small
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a killer with impressive credentials. Over the past 2 centuries, it has killed a billion people.<sup>1</sup>Currently it is the leading cause of mortality from a single infectious agent—accounting for 26% of preventable adult deaths in the developing world.<sup>2</sup>In the coming decade, it is slated to kill at least 30 million people.<sup>3</sup> See also p 1502. The synergy between the epidemics of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) constitutes a global public health crisis of staggering dimensions. In persons infected with HIV, infection with<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>is much more likely to progress rapidly to active disease, which is increasingly difficult to diagnose and more complicated to treat.<sup>4</sup>Globally, TB is now the leading cause of death among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), killing 1 of every 3 people who die with AIDS.<sup>3</sup>To date, the dual scourge of TB and
Frustration and Foundation
Authors: Harry F. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1972)

" T he only use of a knowledge of the past is to equip us for the present," said Alfred North Whitehead,<sup>1</sup>and Herbert Muller<sup>2</sup>put it even more succinctly: "The past answers only to a present interest." In the past 60 years, man has gradually gained some degree of control over pneumonia. In the process, clinicians and investigators were often frustrated and discouraged, yet many of the frustrations opened the door to new methods of diagnosis and therapy. I believe the story is worth telling because it is filled with lessons that we can use profitably today. Medical history can be written in terms of important discoveries or their practical application. In no disease are these more closely intertwined than in pneumonia, and I shall discuss both. However, because popular writers have dwelt at length, and often with hyperbole, upon how the discoveries occurred, I shall pay particular
Medical Management of Vulnerable and Underserved Patients: Principles, Practice, and Populations
Authors: Onyebuchi A. Arah
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 April 2008Medical Management of Vulnerable and Underserved Patients: Principles, Practice, and PopulationsOnyebuchi A. Arah, MD, PhDOnyebuchi A. Arah, MD, PhDFrom the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Medical Management of Vulnerable and Underserved Patients: Principles, Practice, and PopulationsKing TE Jr., Wheeler M, Fernandez A, Schillinger D, Bindman A, Grumbach K, et al. 408 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006. $42.95. ISBN 9780071443319. Order at www.mhprofessional.com.Field of medicine: Primary care, hospital medicine, public health, and mental health.Format: Softcover book.Audience: All health care providers, including residents, medical students, public health specialists, and patient advocates.Purpose: “To offer the theoretical background and practical knowledge required to teach health care providers to care for vulnerable underserved patients.”Content: In 41 chapters grouped into 3 parts, the book details ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 2008Volume 148, Issue 7Page: 568KeywordsHealth careHealth care providersHealth disparitiesHealth economicsHospital medicinePatient advocacyPopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public healthPsychiatry and mental healthSoftware tools ePublished: 1 April 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An editor's look-back
Authors: Paul D. Berk
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Most patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop chronic hepatitis. Unfortunately, the pathological evolution of this disease over time is not completely understood. We studied 70 HCV-positive patients, from whom 2 to 10 liver biopsy specimens (mean, 3.9) had been obtained during an interval of 1 to 26 years (mean, 8.8 years). Each biopsy specimen was evaluated independently by four pathologists who each provided a numerical score for the grade of portal/periportal necroinflammation (0-4), grade of lobular necroinflammation (0-4), their sum (final grade), and the stage of fibrosis (1-4). The scores were correlated with progression of disease, if any, and transition to cirrhosis. During follow-up, 35 patients (50%) developed cirrhosis. Cirrhosis developed in all patients with high final grade (≥5) of necroinflammation on initial biopsy who were followed for 10 years and in 96% of patients with an intermediate final grade (3.5-4.9) who were followed for 17 years. Only 30.4% of patients with low final grade (≤.4) on initial biopsy developed cirrhosis after 13 years. All patients with evidence of septal fibrosis with incomplete nodularity (stage 3.0-3.4) in the initial biopsy progressed to unequivocal cirrhosis by 10 years. The rate of progression to cirrhosis was accelerated in patients whose initial biopsies showed high-grade and -stage lesions. This study demonstrates the importance of grading and staging liver biopsy lesions in chronic hepatitis C, particularly for patients with high-grade necroinflammation, septal fibrosis, and regions of nodularity on initial biopsy who are at high risk of developing advanced cirrhosis in the ensuing decade. Hepatology 1996;23:1334-1340.
Expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Wu Hai‐Jiang, Deng Xin‐Na, Duan Hui‐Jun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) transplantation is hampered by the low number of stem cells per sample. To tackle this obstacle, several protocols for expansion of HSPCs in vitro are currently in development, such as the use of cytokine cocktails, coculture with mesenchymal stem cells as feeder cells, and cell culture in bioreactors. With the progress in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating HSPCs maintenance and expansion, more recent approaches have involved transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation, telomerase regulation, and chromatin-modifying agents. The potential clinical application and safety issues relevant to the expanded HSPCs are also discussed in this review.
Diurnal changes in circulating myeloid progenitor cells in man
Authors: Dharmvir S. Verma, Richard Fisher, Gary Spitzer, Axel R. Zander, Kenneth B. McCredie, Karel A. Dicke
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract To examine the diurnal changes in circulating myeloid progenitor cells (CFU‐Cs), 15 normal human volunteers were studied. Total and differential peripheral blood leukocyte counts and CFU‐C levels, using the in vitro agar culture method, were obtained at 8 AM, 11 AM, 3 PM, and 8 AM the following morning (in nine subjects) or only at 8 AM and 3 PM (in six subjects). On the average, an approximate twofold rise in circulating CFU‐C levels (per ml of blood) was found at 3 PM as compared to the 8 AM levels (P 0.002), and a smaller rise at 11 AM was found than at 8 AM levels (P 0.03). The ratios of CFU‐C per ml of blood to mononuclear cells per ml of blood and neutrophils per ml of blood, respectively, were significantly higher at 3 PM than at 8 AM (P 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). The rise in CFU‐C levels is usually significantly higher when compared to that in peripheral leukocyte counts.
Allergists Who Alarm the Public
Authors: Howard S. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1980)

MEDICAL ethics goes beyond issues of abortion and caring for the terminally ill. It includes the issue of alarming the patient when no danger exists (like crying "Fire!" when there is no fire or "Wolf!" when there is no wolf). Some allergists have a long tradition of alarming their patients. They used to say "If you don't get allergy shots, your hay fever will turn into asthma." But good epidemiologic and clinical studies proved this assertion false. Next they said, "If you don't get whole body extract against bees when you are allergic to bees, the next time you get stung you may die." (The<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>was so puzzled by the "number of reactions... [to bees] increasing at a disturbing rate" that in 1955 it published an editorial on the subject.<sup>1</sup>The editorial specifically asked the question: "Why are these reactions on the increase?" The
Excision of Atrial Myxoma
Authors: L. Fatti, F. P. Reid
Journal: BMJ (1958)

CORONARY HEART DISEASE BxDIcA ¶']JJNAL 531 spite of the fact that they lead a comparatively much nmore sheltered and indoor type of life, that they are mostly vegetarian, and that addiction to tobacco or alcohol is practically unknown among them.We are grateful to Drs.P. L.