tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gintis meets Brunswik – but fails to recognize him
Authors: Kenneth R. Hammond
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

With a few incisive (and legitimate) criticisms of crucial experiments in psychology that purported to bring down the foundations of modern economics, together with a broad scholarly review that is praiseworthy, Gintis attempts to build a unifying framework for the behavioral sciences. His efforts fail, however, because he fails to break with the conventional methodology, which, regrettably, is the unifying basis of the behavioral sciences. As a result, his efforts will merely recapitulate the story of the past: interesting, provocative results that are soon overthrown because they are limited to the conditions of the experiment. Gintis is keenly aware of this limitation – and thus meets Brunswik, but fails to recognize him; this we know because he seems unaware of the fact that Brunswik said it all – and provided a detailed defense – a half century ago.
The Radiology of Tropical Diseases, With Epidemiological, Pathological and Clinical Correlation
Authors: Howard L. Steinbach
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is a voluminous book written by two knowledgeable radiologists, Maurice M. Reeder and Philip E. S. Palmer, who have practiced in southeast Asia and Africa, respectively, for extended periods. Contributions have been made by A. Chandrahasan Johnson, formerly chairman of the department of radiology of the Christian Medical College, Velore, Madras, India, and by Herman Zaiman, formerly professor of parasitology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, now chief of the department of radiology at Mercy Hospital, Valley City, ND. The book is intended for physicians practicing in the tropics and for those in America and Europe who are seeing increasing numbers of patients with tropical diseases as a result of expanded immigration from less developed countries. Each chapter of the book has pathological and clinical descriptions of the disease, the important laboratory investigations, and, where appropriate, information on the parasites or other organisms, their life cycles, and geographic distribution.
Metabolites from apoptotic thymocytes inhibit thymopoiesis in adenosine deaminase–deficient fetal thymic organ cultures
Authors: Linda F. Thompson, C. Justin Van De Wiele, Aletha B. Laurent, Scott W. Hooker, James G. Vaughn, Hong Jiang, Kamayani Khare, Rodney E. Kellems, Michael R. Blackburn, Michael S. Hershfield, Regina Resta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Murine fetal thymic organ culture was used to investigate the mechanism by which adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency causes T-cell immunodeficiency. C57BL/6 fetal thymuses treated with the specific ADA inhibitor 2′-deoxycoformycin exhibited features of the human disease, including accumulation of dATP and inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase enzyme activity. Although T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ gene rearrangements and pre–TCR-α expression were normal in ADA-deficient cultures, the production of αβ TCR+ thymocytes was inhibited by 95%, and differentiation was blocked beginning at the time of β selection. In contrast, the production of γδ TCR+ thymocytes was unaffected. Similar results were obtained using fetal thymuses from ADA gene-targeted mice. Differentiation and proliferation were preserved by the introduction of a bcl-2 transgene or disruption of the gene encoding apoptotic protease activating factor–1. The pan-caspase inhibitor carbobenzoxy-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone also significantly lessened the effects of ADA deficiency and prevented the accumulation of dATP. Thus, ADA substrates accumulate and disrupt thymocyte development in ADA deficiency. These substrates derive from thymocytes that undergo apoptosis as a consequence of failing to pass developmental checkpoints, such as β selection.
Fatal mumps myocarditis in an 8-month-old child.
Authors: N J Brown, S J Richmond
Journal: BMJ (1980)

insulin, but if satisfactory control cannot be achieved in our patient, with her present diet and large doses of oral hypoglycaemic agents, the only course would be to attempt desensitisation to insulin.We thank Mr C A Barnes for technical help with immunological procedures, Dr A Kurtz, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, for measuring IgG insulin antibodies, and Dr Lovett (Burroughs Wellcome) for the gift of bovine monocomponent insulin.
NEOINTIMAL COVERAGE ON THE DRUG-ELUTING STENT STRUTS CROSSING THE SIDE-BRANCH VESSELS : AN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Ae-Young Her, Myeong-Ki Hong, Jae-Min Shim, Jung-Sun Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Hold the Sushi
Authors: David R. Goldmann
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  The following case of Diphyllobothrium infestation is presented for its epidemiologic interest.  Report of a Case.—  A 37-year-old woman, previously healthy, complained of three weeks of mild diarrhea, mucus in the stool without blood, and weight loss of 5 lb (2.3 kg). She reported occasionally passing long, flat, segmented structures, which she thought might be worms. The patient worked as a tapestry designer, and her work often took her to New York City, where she frequented Japanese restaurants and sushi bars. The physical examination findings were entirely normal, with no evidence of pallor, glossitis, or neurologic dysfunction. A complete blood cell count and findings from a battery of chemistry studies were normal. A sample of stool showed typical operculated eggs and proglottids of the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium . The patient's symptoms resolved with a single dose of niclosamide, and follow-up stool analysis three months later revealed no ova
Acute anterior uveitis
Authors: A. A Khan, R. J Kelly, Z. I Carrim
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 37 year old man presents with a five day history of progressively painful red right eye. He is photophobic and has blurred vision. For the past two days he has been using chloramphenicol eye drops, but his symptoms have not improved. The iris, ciliary body, and choroid constitute the uveal tract of the eye. Inflammation of these structures is termed uveitis. Anterior uveitis, in which inflammation is confined to the anterior portion of the uveal tract, is a common cause of acute red eye and has an incidence of 1 in 10 000. History —Ask about:
Rich nations are failing on universal access to antitretrovirals
Authors: Jocalyn Clark
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The world's richest nations are failing to ensure that people living with HIV/AIDS in the developing world have universal access to antiretroviral drugs, delegates at the 16th international AIDS conference in Toronto were told this week.

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“More funds are needed,” said Bill Gates, who spoke with his wife Melinda at the inauguration of the AIDS conference in Toronto

Credit: JORGE UZON/AFP/GETTY IMAGES

In an opening address, Microsoft founder Bill Gates said that he was making AIDS the top priority of his foundation, at which resources doubled last month to $62bn (£33bn; €49bn), after …

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We need a safety system (and an operations manual)
Authors: N. J Toff
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The recent editorial by Vincent and colleagues struck a chord as I have experience as an anaesthetist and an airline pilot.1 All high reliability organisations have a safety management system, featuring basically the same requirements as clinical governance, with one important addition—an operations manual, which provides concise but authoritative information and instructions on who does what, when, and how. When backed up by …
Does household use of biomass fuel cause lung cancer? A systematic review and evaluation of the evidence for the GBD 2010 study
Authors: Nigel Bruce, Mukesh Dherani, Rui Liu, H Dean Hosgood, Amir Sapkota, Kirk R Smith, Kurt Straif, Qing Lan, Daniel Pope
Journal: Thorax (2015)

Around 2.4 billion people use traditional biomass fuels for household cooking or heating. In 2006, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded emissions from household coal combustion are a Group 1 carcinogen, while those from biomass were categorised as 2A due to epidemiologic limitations. This review updates the epidemiologic evidence and provides risk estimates for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study.
Metabolic Clearance Rate of Arginine Vasopressin in Patients With Cirrhosi
Authors: José A. Solis-Herruzo, Amelia Gonzalez-Gamarra, Gregorio Castellano, Maria Teresa Muñoz-yagüe
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Metabolic clearance rate and half-time of arginine vasopressin were measured in 43 cirrhotic patients and 10 control subjects. Synthetic arginine vasopressin was infused intravenously at a rate of 500 pg/min/kg of body weight for 75 min. The metabolic clearance rate was significantly reduced, and the half-time of arginine vasopressin after stopping the infusion was significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis, particularly in those with ascites and in those with moderate or severe liver dysfunction. Changes in metabolic clearance rate and half-time of arginine vasopressin correlated with the score of the liver dysfunction, prothrombin activity and levels of serum albumin and bilirubin but not with parameters of kidney function (serum creatinine levels and clearance of creatinine). We conclude that reduced metabolic clearance rate and prolonged half-time of vasopressin in plasma are frequent findings in cirrhotic patients with poor liver function. This impaired catabolism of antidiuretic hormone may contribute to maintaining elevated plasma levels of this hormone in these patients and may be an additional factor leading to fluid retention and to dilutional hyponatremia.
Cumulative Genetic Risk Predicts Platinum/Taxane-Induced Neurotoxicity
Authors: Sarah McWhinney-Glass, Stacey J. Winham, Daniel L. Hertz, Jane Yen Revollo, Jim Paul, Yijing He, Robert Brown, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, Howard L. McLeod
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

The combination of a platinum and taxane are standard of care for many cancers, but the utility is often limited due to debilitating neurotoxicity. We examined whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from annotated candidate genes will identify genetic risk for chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity.
Racism in medicine
Authors: R. Bhopal
Journal: BMJ (2001)

News p 1505 

Some readers' hearts and spirits will sink at this editorial, which marks the publication of a book on racism in medicine from the King's Fund, the London based health think tank.1 In the interests of the profession, patients, society, and perhaps even the future of humanity they should, however, reflect deeply on the painful dilemmas raised by the book.

Racism is the belief that some races or ethnic groups are superior to others, which is then extended to justify actions that create inequality. Some people deny that racism is commonplace in Britain, as it probably is in every modern society. Yet in a national representative survey by the Policy Studies Institute 20-26% of the “white” participants admitted to prejudice against Asian, Caribbean, or Muslim ethnic minorities.1 Some claim to be baffled by another plain concept, institutional racism. According to the Macpherson Report (on racism in the police), institutional racism is “The collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of the colour, culture or ethnic origin.”1 A simple example would be the failure of the healthcare system to make accurate diagnoses because it fails to provide the training and facilities (interpreters) to achieve quality communication. Sceptics may still wonder why such practices are wrong. This book shows they are wrong in principle, and on pragmatic grounds.

Every member of Britain's ethnic minority populations has anecdotes of racism, sometimes minor, sometimes shocking, and I have mine. As a child, being called “darkie” or “Paki” was a daily event. When I was 17 I was offered …
Myocardial and Cerebral Infarctions as Post-operative Complications
Authors: K. D. J. Vowles, J. M. Howard
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Many of the complications following surgery, pre- viously critical, are now preventable or readily curable as a result of advances in anaesthesia, transfusion, fluid and electrolyte management, and control of infection.Particularly in the geriatric group, where advancing years no longer constitute a bar to major surgery, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accidents are too often the causes of post-operative death.These complications, occurring just when recovery after a technically successful operation seemed assured, are erroneously regarded as non-preventable by surgeons, and few recorded studies of surgical patients have been
Book Review Stories Matter: The Role of Narrative in Medical Ethics Edited by Rita Charon and Martha Montello. 242 pp. New York, Routledge, 2002. $85 (cloth); $24.95 (paper). 0-415-92837-0 (cloth); 0-415-92838-9 (paper).
Authors: Debra Malina
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)
Epilepsy Treatment Enters a New Era
Authors: Tom Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 April 1998Epilepsy Treatment Enters a New EraTom ReynoldsTom ReynoldsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-8-199804150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In December 1997, at the end of a year during which great advances were made in treatment for epilepsy, researchers shared the latest results of their efforts to develop treatment innovations at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society in Boston.About 1% of all Americans-2 500 000 people-have some form of epilepsy, and about 125 000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Existing treatments, mostly anticonvulsant drugs that have been used for decades, can fully or partially control seizures in about 85% of patients, according to the Epilepsy Foundation of America. However, 25% to 50% of patients still ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Tom ReynoldsAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1998Volume 128, Issue 8Page: 702-703KeywordsBrainDrugsElectroencephalographyEpilepsyEpileptic seizuresFood and Drug AdministrationLesionsNervesSoftware toolsSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract A22: Pooled analysis of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway variants and risk of prostate cancer
Authors: Stella Koutros, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Jing Ma, Wen-Yi Huang, Richard B. Hayes, Sonja I. Berndt
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway regulates various cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, motility, differentiation, survival and intracellular trafficking. In addition, numerous growth factors signal through the PI3K pathway, including insulin-like growth factors, which may impact prostate carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PI3K genes have not been extensively studied as risk factors for this disease. Methods: Pooled data from seven prospective studies in the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium were examined for associations between 89 SNPs in five PI3K pathway genes (PIK3C2B, PIK3AP1, PIK3C2A, PIK3CD, and PIK3R3) and prostate cancer risk in 8,309 cases and 9,286 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, subcohort, and ethnicity were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: Several SNPs clustered upstream and in the first two introns of PIK3C2B were related to prostate cancer risk. SNP rs7556371 in PIK3C2B was significantly associated with prostate cancer risk (ORper allele = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14), p-trend = 0.0017) even after adjustment for multiple testing (Padj=0.024). Simultaneous adjustment of rs7556371 with nearby SNPs strengthened the association (ORper allele = 1.21 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.34); p-trend =0.0003). The adjusted association was stronger for men diagnosed &amp;lt; 65 years (ORper allele = 1.47 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.79), p-trend = 0.0001) and for men with a family history (ORper allele = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.23), p-trend = 0.0114) but was strongest among men with younger age at diagnosis who also had a family history (ORper allele = 2.31 (95% CI: 1.07, 5.07), p-interaction = 0.005). No differences were observed with disease aggressiveness (Gleason ≥8/stage 3/4/fatal). Conclusions: We observed an association between PIK3C2B SNPs and prostate cancer risk. Additional adjustment for nearby SNPs showed a stronger association, suggesting other genetic variants in the region may contribute to risk. This region was statistically significantly associated with familial, early onset disease potentially attributable to IGF-dependent PI3K signaling. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):A22.
DIFFERENTIATION OF LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME BY TIME (DV/DT) IS A NOVEL AND USEFUL ECHO INDEX TO ASSESS LEFT ATRIAL GLOBAL AND PHASIC FUNCTION
Authors: Takeshi Hirose, Ryuhei Tanaka, Koji Ono, Satoshi Yamajima, Yaeko Furuta, Humitaka Tokoro, Reiko Matsuoka, Shintaro Abe, Yoshiaki Goto, Tomoko Hirose, Takashi Kato, Tai Kojima, Shunichiro Warita, Makoto Iwama, Toshiyuki Noda, Sachiro Watanabe, Takatomo Watanabe, Masanori Kawasaki, Sinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Streptomycin in Bubonic Plague
Authors: Ch. Haddad, A. Valero
Journal: BMJ (1948)

DEFICIENCY SCROTAL DERMATITIS MEDICALTJoURIL of the diet, be adequate to produce signs of cure in a case of riboflavin deficiency.It must be remembered that ribo- flavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxin, pantothenic acid, choline, and folic acid are some of the known factors present in any extract such as marmite which, together or alone, may be responsible for any observed therapeutic effects.Summary Scrotal dermatitis was a common complaint among prisoners of war in Malaya six months after captivity.It was noted that no cases of scrotal dermatitis occurred when the riboflavin content of the diet was maintained at a sufficiently high level.A description of the different types of deficiency scrotal dermatitis seen is given, together with the associated vitamin- deficiency diseases.Previous workers who have described the complaint have suggested that it is due to a deficiency of the riboflavin content of the diet.The curative effect of marmite (or vegemite) was found to be specific in mild uncomplicated cases.I wish to thank Dr. Jobn Freeman and Dr. H. Scarborough for their advice and encouragement.Addenidum.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®) in elderly patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: Results of the AFR04 study
Authors: Philippe Rousselot, Pascale Cony‐Makhoul, Franck Nicolini, François Xavier Mahon, Christian Berthou, Delphine Réa, Josy Reiffers, Anne Bornand, Olivier Saint‐Jean, Joelle Guilhot, François Guilhot
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Data from registries suggest that the median age of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients is 10-15 years older than that of clinical trials. We conducted a prospective phase II study to evaluate imatinib mesylate (IM, 400 mg daily) in newly diagnosed chronic phase CML (CP-CML) patients. Patients aged 70 years and over diagnosed with CP-CML within 12 months were eligible. Thirty patients were enrolled from April 2002 to October 2004. Median age was 74.8 years (range, 70-90). Male/female ratio was 1.72. At inclusion, comorbidities were reported in all but one patient, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics comorbidity mean index was 1.47, and 66% of patients had cardiovascular disease. The median daily IM dose was 392 mg (range, 256-445). IM was interrupted in patients with severe comorbidities. Treatment discontinuation was observed in 36.6% of patients. Cumulative incidence of complete cytogenetic response was 71.4 and 78.5% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. A high level of sustained responses was observed in patients with mild or moderate comorbidities. Seven-year estimated overall survival was 80.8% (95% CI: 59.0-91.7). Two-thirds of the patients were still on long-term therapy at cut-off, and no patients had died from progression. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT00219765.
A New Approach to Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: O. A. Abbott, W. A. Hopkins, W. E. Van Fleit, J. S. Robinson
Journal: Thorax (1953)

reveals that there were 46% of patients in whom a distinct family history of similar pulmonary disease was presented.The patients were next studied in regard to possible or specific aetiological factors involved.We were impressed clinically with the history of long-standing cough presented by the on July 17, 2023 by guest.
N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase in man. Absence of the enzyme in Morquio disease.
Authors: J Singh, N Di Ferrante, P Niebes, D Tavella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (6-sulfatase) activity is measured by using as a substrate a sulfated tetrasaccharide obtained by digesting purified chondroitin-6-sulfate (C-6-S) with testicular hyaluronidase. The amount of inorganic sulfate released is measured turbidimetrically. The enzyme from human kidney has a pH optimum of 4.8; its activity is augmented by low levels of NaCl and inhibited by phosphate and high levels of NaCl. Free glucuronate, acetylgalactosamine, inorganic sulfate, polymeric C-6-S, or tetrasaccharide obtained from chondroitin-4-sulfate do not affect the enzyme activity. The method may be used for the diagnosis of Morquio disease since extracts of Morquio fibroblasts are devoid of 6-sulfatase activity.