tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV-associated Hodgkin Disease
Authors: G. Garnier, B. Taillan, J. F. Michiels
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 August 1991HIV-associated Hodgkin DiseaseG. Garnier, MD, B. Taillan, MD, J. F. Michiels, MDG. Garnier, MDSearch for more papers by this author, B. Taillan, MDSearch for more papers by this author, J. F. Michiels, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-3-233_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: From July 1985 through August 1990, 320 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma were registered by the central anatomopathology laboratory of the University Hospitals of Nice. Among the 156 patients with intermediate- or high-grade lymphoma, 25 were HIV positive (14 intravenous drug users [56%]). During the same period, 63 patients with Hodgkin disease were registered, and 12 of these patients were HIV positive (11 intravenous drug users [11%]).In our region, where the principal risk factor for HIV infection is intravenous drug use, the ratio of cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma to Hodgkin disease in HIV-positive patients is 2.08, which...References1. Serrano M, Bellas C, Campo E, Ribero J, Martin C, and Rubio R. Hodgkin's disease in patients with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. A study of 22 patients. Cancer. 1990;65:2248-54. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Roithmann S, Tourani J, and Andrieu J. Hodgkin's disease in HIV-infected intravenous drug abusers. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:275-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Schoeppel S, Hoppe R, Abrams D, Baer D, Dorfman R, and Grant K. Hodgkin's disease in homosexual men: the San Francisco Bay area experience [Abstract 9]. Proceedings of ASCO. 1986;5:3. Google Scholar4. Kaplan L, Abrams D, and Volberding P. Clinical course and epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease in homosexual men in San Francisco [Abstract M11.3]. Third International Conference on AIDS. Washington DC, 1-5 June 1987:9. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: G. Garnier, MD; B. Taillan, MD; J. F. Michiels, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCancer and HIV infectionHodgkin's disease as an indicator of AIDSIncreased Incidence of Hodgkin Disease in Homosexual Men with HIV InfectionNancy A. Hessol, MSPH, Mitchell H. Katz, MD, Jennifer Y. Liu, MPH, Susan P. Buchbinder, MD, Christopher J. Rubino, BS, Scott D. Holmberg, MD, MPH 1 August 1991Volume 115, Issue 3Page: 233-233KeywordsAddictsDrugsHIVHIV infectionsHodgkin lymphomaLymphomaMedical risk factorsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Marie Stopes: botany and birth control
Authors: Wendy Moore
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Marie Stopes was born at the end of the 19th century and grew up in the reign of Queen Victoria. Yet her pioneering work in birth control at the beginning of the 20th century marked the start of a sexual revolution that is still unfolding.⇑

Born in Edinburgh in 1880, Stopes was a distinguished botanist who became Britain’s youngest doctor of science in 1905, before she turned her attentions to the sex lives of humans rather than plants. Her own romantic disappointment led her to some startling discoveries. She married a Canadian botanist, Reginald …
Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, vol 5, parts 1 &amp;amp; 2, Infections and Inflammation of the Central Nervous System and Nonorganic (Functional) Neuro-Ophthalmologic Disease
Authors: Thomas R. Hedges
Journal: JAMA (1995)

These final two parts of volume 5 of Walsh's classic text in the new fourth edition compare in excellence to earlier volumes and surpass any expectations previous authors could have envisioned. The third edition, completed conjointly by Walsh and Hoyt, appeared 26 years ago. It is hard to comprehend the explosion of new knowledge about old diseases, newly discovered diseases, and new organisms. Revolutionary developments in molecular genetics and drugs to treat infections and inflammatory disease have taken place in this interval. To quote the author of the fourth edition, "It should come as no surprise, therefore, that this volume contains over 1500 pages and over 5000 illustrations compared with 312 pages and 48 illustrations in the previous edition." Part 1 completely covers the field of central nervous system infections and inflammations. Part 2 covers viruses, demyelinating disease, and nonorganic (functional) neuro-ophthalmic problems. The index, as in the previous volumes,
Family History of Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps and Increased Risk for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Habibul Ahsan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The risk for colorectal cancer among family members of patients with colorectal cancer is well established, but the risk among family members of patients with colorectal adenomas is less well established. Objective: To examine the risk for colorectal cancer among first-degree relatives of patients with adenoma compared with that among first-degree relatives of controls without adenoma. Design: Reconstructed cohort study. Setting: Three university-based colonoscopy practices in New York City. Patients: 1554 first-degree relatives of 244 patients with newly diagnosed adenomas and 2173 first-degree relatives of 362 endoscopically normal controls. Measurements: Structured interviews were used to obtain family history. Adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated from Cox proportional-hazards regression models. Results: The risk for colorectal cancer was elevated (RR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.24 to 2.45]) among first-degree relatives of patients with newly diagnosed adenomas compared with the risk among first-degree relatives of controls. This increased risk was the same for parents (RR, 1.58 [CI, 1.07 to 2.34]) and siblings (RR, 1.58 [CI, 0.81 to 3.08]). First-degree relatives of patients with adenomas did not have elevated risk for other cancers. The risk for colorectal cancer among family members increased with decreasing age at diagnosis of adenoma in probands. Among first-degree relatives of patients who were 50 years of age or younger when the adenoma was diagnosed, the risk was more than four times greater (RR, 4.36 [CI, 2.24 to 8.51]) than that among first-degree relatives of patients who were older than 60 years of age when the adenoma was diagnosed. Conclusions: First-degree relatives of patients with newly diagnosed adenomas, particularly of patients who are 50 years of age or younger at diagnosis, are at increased risk for colorectal cancer and should undergo screening similar to that recommended for relatives of patients with colorectal cancer.
Oral Metoclopramide and Cisplatin Chemotherapy
Authors: MARC B. GARNICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1983Oral Metoclopramide and Cisplatin ChemotherapyMARC B. GARNICK, M.D.MARC B. GARNICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-127_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: High-doseintravenousmetoclopramide hydrochloride is extremely effective in decreasing nausea and vomiting caused by antineoplastic agents, such as cisplatin (1, 2). I wish to report the initial experience with high-doseoralmetoclopramide. Eighteen patients (14 men, 4 women; median age, 53 years) received cisplatin (in addition to one or more other drugs including bleomycin sulfate, vinblastine sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, or cyclophosphamide) as treatment for genitourinary, bronchogenic, or head and neck carcinoma. Fourteen patients received cisplatin in a daily intravenous dose of 20 mg/m2body surface area for 5 days; 4 patients received a single dose of 50...References1. GRALLAITRIPISKO RLS. Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose metoclopramide: randomized trials with placebo and prochloperazine in patients with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:905-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GARNICKGOSLIN MR. "Intermediate" dose metoclopramide in the prevention of cis-platinum induced vomiting. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res. 1982;23:125. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARC B. GARNICK, M.D.Affiliations: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPreparation and in vivo evaluation of parenteral metoclopramide-loaded poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) nanospheres in ratsDetermination of Metoclopramide in Serum by HPLC Assay and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study in RatOral combination antiemetics in patients with small cell lung cancer receiving cisplatin or cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicinControlling Emesis in Patients Receiving Cancer ChemotherapyCinnarizine for Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting During Platin ChemotherapyControlling Emesis in Patients Receiving Cancer ChemotherapyThe Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and VomitingThe use of metoclopramide in treatment of cisplatin‐induced emesisOral bioavailability of high-dose metoclopramidePharmacologic Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting 1 July 1983Volume 99, Issue 1Page: 127-127KeywordsBody surface areaChemotherapyCyclophosphamideDrugsNauseaSulfatesVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
MEDICAL EDUCATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF A TEACHER
Authors: W. G. Christian
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Since Dr. Pusey so forcibly brought the question of revision of medical education to the attention of the Association, the subject has been widely discussed and no solution has been reached. I believe, however, that there is an almost universal consensus that: (1) medical education is too expensive; (2) there are too many physicians in the cities; (3) there are too few physicians in the country; (4) there are too many specialists. There seems to be a fifth corollary: There is too much regulation. There are many, nevertheless, who reject this idea and demand the converse. It is suggested that the situation may be improved, if not remedied, by (1) omitting the two premedical years, and (2) shortening the medical course by a year, thus gaining three years with a probable reduction in cost of a thousand dollars a year. That there are more men who can
The CD63 basophil activation test in Hymenoptera venom allergy: a prospective study
Authors: G. J. Sturm, E. Böhm, M. Trummer, I. Weiglhofer, A. Heinemann, W. Aberer
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: The basophil activation test (BAT), which relies on flow cytometric quantitation of the allergen‐induced up‐regulation of the granule‐associated marker CD63 in peripheral blood basophils, has been suggested to be a useful approach in detecting responsiveness to allergens. The purpose of this study was to establish the usefulness of the BAT with regard to the clinical history and current diagnostic tools in Hymenoptera venom allergy using a prospective study design. Methods: Fifty‐seven consecutive patients allergic to Hymenoptera venom as defined by a systemic reaction after an insect sting, and 30 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects with a negative history were included. The degree and nature of sensitization was confirmed by skin testing, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), serum tryptase levels and BAT. In the nonallergic control group only analysis of specific IgE and BAT were performed. Correlation of BAT, skin test and specific IgE, respectively, with the clinical history in the allergic group was termed as sensitivity and in the control group as specificity. Results: Twenty one of 23 (91.3%) bee venom allergic patients and 29 of 34 (85.3%) patients allergic to wasp and hornet venom tested positive in BAT. The overall sensitivity of BAT, specific IgE and skin tests were 87.7, 91.2 and 93.0%, respectively. The overall specificities were 86.7% for BAT and 66.7% for specific IgE. No correlation between the severity of clinical symptoms and the magnitude of basophil activation was observed. Conclusion: The BAT seems to be an appropriate method to identify patients allergic to bee or wasp venom with a comparable sensitivity to standard diagnostic regimens. The higher specificity of BAT as compared with specific IgE makes this test a useful tool in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy.
Fully automatic segmentation of the mitral leaflets in 3D transesophageal echocardiographic images using multi-atlas joint label fusion and deformable medial modeling
Authors: A.M. Pouch, H. Wang, M. Takabe, B.M. Jackson, J.H. Gorman, R.C. Gorman, P.A. Yushkevich, C.M. Sehgal
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2013)
A New Theory Concerning the Origin of Ashley Montagu
Authors: Myron C. Greengold
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Anent the Special Communication in the Sept 28 issue ofThe Journal(<b>185</b>:1017), I should like to offer a New Theory Concerning the Origin of Ashley Montagu. For the past two years, papers under the Montagu byline have strewnThe Journalthick as artifacts on the banks in Olduvai—and as ephemeral. Many admirers of these essays have been led to wonder at the source of this fecund ingenuity. Before proceeding with my own theory, it would perhaps be of interest to review several theories of the origin of Montagu hitherto offered. They are as follows: (1) the<i>everyone's-got-an-angle</i>theory: that Ashley Montagu is an ordinary mortal, of woman born, gathering his daily bread the best way he knows, and more power to him; (2) the<i>take-me-to-your-leader</i>theory: that Ashley Montagu, a transgalactic immigrant, has been installed in a meditation chamber in Chicago whence he communicates his
UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS
Authors: Kenneth D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1960)

To the Editor:—  As one deeply interested in the upper respiratory disease problem, I wish to question the validity of the conclusions arrived at by Dr. Gordon Nunnelly in his article Sulfadimethoxine in Upper Respiratory Infections in the July 2 issue of J. A. M. A. He reports on the isolation of 106 bacteria from the upper respiratory tract of 106 patients. Of these cultures, 24 were Escherichia Coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The implication is that 24 patients had pure throat cultures of these micro-organisms and that they were the etiological agent of these patient's disease, an experience we have not yet had in the course of our studies.  Dr. Nunnelly reports that only 12 patients had poor results whereas his data indicate that 26 isolated micro-organisms were resistant to the medication used. Clearly, 14 patients had good to excellent results without benefit of the drug employed, and one wonders
Small intestinal motor abnormalities in patients with functional dyspepsia demonstrated by ambulatory manometry.
Authors: H J Jebbink, G P vanBerge-Henegouwen, L M Akkermans, A J Smout
Journal: Gut (1996)

In 30 patients with functional dyspepsia and in 20 healthy volunteers, ambulatory duodenojejunal manometry was performed to examine the interdigestive and postprandial small intestinal motility patterns in relation to symptoms.In the fasting state, the number of migrating motor complex cycles mean (SEM) was significantly lower in patients, especially in patients with dysmotility-like dyspepsia, than in control subjects (3.8 (0.4), 2.6 (0.5), and 5.3 (0.7) cycles, respectively; p < 0.05), due to a longer duration of phase II. Non-propagated and retrogradely propagated phase III activity was more prevalent in patients than in control subjects (48% v 15%; p = 0.020). During phase II and after dinner no differences were found in contraction incidence, mean amplitude or motility index. However, 1 1/2 hours after completing breakfast the motility index was higher in patients at all three recording levels (p < 0.05). Burst activity was more prevalent in patients than in control subjects (22% v 6% of the subjects; p = 0.003). In 41% of the patients the symptom index was > 75%.These results suggest that small intestinal motor abnormalities, especially during fasting, participate in the pathogenesis of symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia. Ambulatory manometry of the small intestine is a valuable tool to demonstrate these abnormalities in outpatients pursuing their daily activities.
Psychiatric Megatrends and the Elderly
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To place the current status of mental health care in context, I would suggest that four psychiatric "megatrends" can be identified from developments in the past decade. First, there has been a marked increase in the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis through the use of explicit diagnostic criteria. This trend served as the basis for the current "official" psychiatric diagnostic system in the United States, the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</i>, known as DSM-III.<sup>1</sup>Second, new emphases on treatment specificity and controlled empirical testing, along with advances in psychopharmacology and psychotherapy, have led to improved treatments for a number of disorders, including both biologic and psychological modalities.<sup>2,3</sup>This progress has also pointed toward a number of areas in great need of further research.<sup>4</sup>Third, recent epidemiologic surveys show convincingly that detectable and differentiable mental disorders are common in the
Treatment Failure After Substitution of Generic Pancrelipase Capsules-Reply
Authors: Peter H. Rheinstein
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The Agency does use the term "pharmaceutical alternatives" (not "alternates") to refer to different dosage forms of the same active ingredient. (The Food and Drug Administration also uses this term to refer to products that contain the same therapeutic moiety but with different salts of the same active ingredient. This second definition is irrelevant here.) Thus, pancrelipase capsules are considered pharmaceutical alternatives to pancrelipase enteric-coated beads. Two formulations both containing the same amount of active ingredient as enteric-coated beads would be considered pharmaceutical equivalents. They could be rated as therapeutically equivalent if shown to be bioequivalent by an appropriate study. The Food and Drug Administration's<i>Approved Drug Products With Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations</i>, 10th edition (The Orange Book), lists as therapeutically equivalent erythromycin, delayed-release pellets, oral, 250 mg, from three different manufacturers: Parke-Davis (Morris Plains, NJ), Abbott Laboratories (North Chicago, Ill), and Barr Labs (Pomona, NY). This is so
Treatment of virus-induced myocardial injury with a novel immunomodulating agent, vesnarinone. Suppression of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production.
Authors: S Matsui, A Matsumori, Y Matoba, A Uchida, S Sasayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Controversy still exists concerning the therapy for viral myocarditis which manifests a wide variety of clinical symptoms. Vesnarinone, a quinolinone derivative that was developed as a positive inotropic agent with complex actions, including phosphodiesterase inhibition and cation channel modification, has recently been confirmed to improve the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure. However, the precise mechanism of this beneficial effect is not yet clearly understood. In this study, using a murine model of acute viral myocarditis resulting from encephalomyocarditis virus infection, survival and myocardial damage were markedly improved by treatment with vesnarinone. In contrast, survival was not improved by treatment with amrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Although vesnarinone did not inhibit viral replication or protect myocytes from viral direct cell injury, it did inhibit the increase in natural killer cell activity after viral infection. On the other hand, amrinone failed to inhibit natural killer cell activity. Both vesnarinone and amrinone suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Therefore, we postulate that vesnarinone exerted its beneficial effects through an inhibition of natural killer cell activity, and that it serves as an immunomodulator providing new therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of viral myocarditis and/or immunological disorders.
FAMILIAL FINGER CONTRACTURE AND ASSOCIATED FAMILIAL KNEE-JOINT SUBLUXATION
Authors: DOUGLAS P. MURPHY
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Congenital finger contracture occurs both as an isolated condition and as a familial one, although the latter is less frequent. In recent years, at least, no family group has been described, that presents this abnormality. Most of our knowledge on the subject of the familial type is based on observations on single or few members of one family. In the group described here, contracture has been frequent. A large number of those having the defect have been examined, and data concerning most of the remaining ones have been secured. The cause of congenital finger contracture has never been determined. The pathologic change underlying the contracture has long been a subject of dispute. The deformity has been attributed to flexor spasm, extensor paralysis, shortening of the volar skin, paralysis of the lumbrical and interossei muscles, shortening of the digital and palmar fascias, and shortening of the joint capsules. Neuhoff,<sup>1</sup>in
Artificial Feeding — Solid Ground, Not a Slippery Slope
Authors: R Steinbrook, B Lo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Decisions about artificial feeding arouse more controversy than those involving any other life-sustaining treatment. Because food and water are generally considered basic elements of humane care, representing love and concern for the helpless, it is often thought that they must always be provided. In a landmark decision, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts ruled that a feeding tube could be removed from a patient in a persistent vegetative state if this was consistent with his previously expressed wishes. The case of Paul E. Brophy, Sr., is part of an emerging medical and legal consensus on the withholding of artificial feeding from adult patients. The view is growing that tube and intravenous feeding should be likened to other medical interventions and not to the routine provision of nursing care or comfort. Competent patients have the right to refuse such feeding. Feeding can also be stopped incompetent patients who have earlier stated such a wish.
Pioglitazone Rapidly Increases Serum Adiponectin Levels in Men With Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Yukio Ikeda, Hiroshi Takata, Kosuke Inoue, Masayuki Shinahara, Shojiro Inada, Hiroshi Maruyama, Fumiaki Osaki, Tadashi Suehiro, Kozo Hashimoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetes drugs has various pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular diseases and lipid metabolism (1). Thiazolidinediones including pioglitazone have been shown to increase circulating adiponectin in diabetic subjects, although the mechanism is not well understood (2,3). Since, in previous studies, adiponectin levels in diabetic patients were evaluated after ≥3 weeks of pioglitazone treatment, elevated adiponectin may be, in part, secondary to improved lipid and glucose handling in these studies. In this study, we examined short-term effects of pioglitazone on serum adiponectin in nondiabetic subjects to assess the effect of pioglitazone independently of glycolipid …