tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation with digital dermoscopic images can help dermatopathologists to diagnose equivocal skin tumours
Authors: J. Bauer, B. Leinweber, G. Metzler, A. Blum, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, N. Leitz, K. Dietz, H.P. Soyer, C. Garbe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Correlation with digital dermoscopic images can help dermatopathologists to diagnose equivocal skin tumours Get access J. Bauer, J. Bauer Departments of Dermatology and Medical Biometry, Eberhard‐Karls‐University, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Leinweber, B. Leinweber Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Metzler, G. Metzler Departments of Dermatology and Medical Biometry, Eberhard‐Karls‐University, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Blum, A. Blum Departments of Dermatology and Medical Biometry, Eberhard‐Karls‐University, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Hofmann‐Wellenhof, R. Hofmann‐Wellenhof Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036 Graz, Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Leitz, N. Leitz Departments of Dermatology and Medical Biometry, Eberhard‐Karls‐University, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Dietz, K. Dietz Departments of Dermatology and Medical Biometry, Eberhard‐Karls‐University, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H.P. Soyer, H.P. Soyer Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, 8036 Graz, Austria H. Peter Soyer. E‐mail: peter.soyer@meduni‐graz.at Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Garbe C. Garbe Departments of Dermatology and Medical Biometry, Eberhard‐Karls‐University, Tübingen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 155, Issue 3, 1 September 2006, Pages 546–551, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07342.x Published: 01 September 2006 Article history Accepted: 21 January 2006 Published: 01 September 2006
Failure to Diagnose Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael Huiras
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I must say that I was initially startled by the findings of Zarling et al<sup>1</sup>regarding the inability of non-internal medicine specialists to diagnose classic myocardial infarction with accompanying ECG and/or enzyme level changes. However, closer inspection of the data reveals that it is the statisticians rather than the physicians who are accountable for the described 0% diagnostic accuracy when dealing with these so-called class I myocardial infarctions. What the authors have done (as shown in Table 3 of their article) is to take the number of correct diagnoses by the noninternists (surgeons) in this category— zero—and divide it by the number of cases with which they were presented, which is also zero. The resulting fraction, 0/0, is not mathematically interpretable. In no way can it be multiplied by 100 and expressed as 0% as the authors have done in treating the data. The best that
HYGIENE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SEXUAL SPHERE, AND THE PHYSICIAN'S RELATION TO THE LAITY AS REGARDS THIS SUBJECT.
Authors: SYDNEY BARRINGTON ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1892)

This is a subject of universal interest, and vital importance to all mankind, whether it be considered from a physical, moral, social, or medical standpoint. It lies at the foundation of all human improvement, and enduring progress. The function of reproduction as examined into by the most scientific physiologists, and moralists, is considered to be the most influential of the human economy. Nowhere does knowledge mean so much, because here it materially influences morals, public health, population, disease, mortality; besides personal reputation,property,legitimacy, and even life itself. Yet in spite of this, it is a subject which is not taught in medical colleges, is ignored in text books on physiology—even ministers are ignorant on it; and worse than all, physicians are doing little to lift the veil of mock-modesty and hypocracy which keeps the masses in ignorance and vice. Is it not an outrage on the people that they should be
HIV-1 Seroconversion in Patients with and without Genital Ulcer Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Edward E. Telzak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine the relative risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seroconversion in patients with and without genital ulcers caused by chancroid, syphilis, and herpes. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: An inner-city, sexually transmitted disease clinic. Patients: Patients seronegative for HIV-1 with and without genital ulcers who were followed for a minimum of 3 months. Interventions: Questionnaire to obtain data on demographics, sexual behavior, and illicit drug use; testing for HIV-1 at entry and at a minimum of 3 months after entry; medical examination for the presence or absence of genital ulcer disease. Results: Overall, 758 heterosexual men with no history of injection drug use completed the study; HIV-1 seroconversion occurred in 10 of 344 (2.9%; 95% CI, 1.4% to 5.3%) men with a genital ulcer and in 4 of 414 (1%; CI, 0.2% to 2.5%) without a genital ulcer (relative risk, 3.0; P = 0.05). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, those men with chancroid and a new sexually transmitted disease during follow-up each had about three times the risk for HIV-1 seroconversion (P 0.04). Conclusions: In this group of heterosexual men, chancroid and repeated acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases appeared to facilitate the sexual transmission of HIV-1.
Frequent monitoring of Epstein-Barr virus DNA load in unfractionated whole blood is essential for early detection of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease in high-risk patients
Authors: Servi J. C. Stevens, Erik A. M. Verschuuren, Inge Pronk, Wim van der Bij, Martin C. Harmsen, T. Hauw The, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Adriaan J. C. van den Brule, Jaap M. Middeldorp
Journal: Blood (2001)
Ultrastructural changes in internal anal sphincter in neurogenic faecal incontinence.
Authors: M Swash, A Gray, D Z Lubowski, R J Nicholls
Journal: Gut (1988)

The ultrastructural features of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) muscle were studied in biopsies from five patients with neurogenic anorectal incontinence and six control subjects undergoing anorectal excision for cancer, or for inflammatory bowel disease. In the patients with idiopathic neurogenic anorectal incontinence the internal anal sphincter showed loss of smooth muscle cells, disruption of the normal relationships of the remaining cells, stretching of elastic tissue, and increased collagen fibril content. These ultrastructural changes in the morphology of the internal anal sphincter, although probably not the primary cause of faecal incontinence, have functional relevance in the clinical syndrome, as shown by the reduction in resting anal canal pressure found in some patients with this syndrome.
Response, Survival, and Long-Term Toxicity After Therapy With the Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogue [<sup>90</sup>Y-DOTA]-TOC in Metastasized Neuroendocrine Cancers
Authors: Anna Imhof, Philippe Brunner, Nicolas Marincek, Matthias Briel, Christian Schindler, Helmut Rasch, Helmut R. Mäcke, Christoph Rochlitz, Jan Müller-Brand, Martin A. Walter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To investigate response, survival, and safety profile of the somatostatin-based radiopeptide (90)yttrium-labeled tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid modified Tyr-octreotide ([(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC) in neuroendocrine cancers.In a clinical phase II single-center open-label trial, patients with neuroendocrine cancers were treated with repeated cycles of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC. Each cycle consisted of a single intravenous injection of 3.7GBq/m(2) body-surface [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC. Additional cycles were withheld in case of tumor progression and/or permanent toxicity.Overall, 1,109 patients received 2,472 cycles of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC (median, two; range, one to 10 cycles per patient). Of the 1,109 patients, 378 (34.1%) experienced morphologic response; 172 (15.5%), biochemical response; and 329 (29.7%), clinical response. During a median follow-up of 23 months, 491 patients (44.3%) died. Longer survival was correlated with each: morphologic (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.56; median survival, 44.7 v 18.3 months; P < .001), biochemical (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.96; 35.3 v 25.7 months; P = .023), and clinical response (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.82; 36.8 v 23.5 months; P < .001). Overall, 142 patients (12.8%) developed grade 3 to 4 transient hematologic toxicities, and 103 patients (9.2%) experienced grade 4 to 5 permanent renal toxicity. Multivariable regression revealed that tumoral uptake in the initial imaging study was predictive for overall survival (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.69; P < .001), whereas the initial kidney uptake was predictive for severe renal toxicity (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.17 to 2.17; P = .003).This study documents the long-term outcome of [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC treatment in a large cohort. Response to [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC is associated with longer survival. Somatostatin receptor imaging is predictive for both survival after [(90)Y-DOTA]-TOC treatment and occurrence of renal toxicity.
RECONSTRUCTION OF URETHRA AND PENIS FOLLOWING EXTENSIVE GANGRENE
Authors: R. S. MALLARD
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Plastic surgery is always a fascinating subject on account of the technical difficulties involved, the uncertainty of the result, the exercise of one's ingenuity, and the satisfaction of success, if any, both to the surgeon and to the patient. Few attempts were made before the days of anesthesia. Plastic surgery has been done extensively since then. Most of the plastic work on the urethra and penis has been reported by European surgeons. I have been able to find the report of only a few cases by surgeons in America. Many methods have been described, most of them being for reconstruction in congenital defects; namely, hypospadias and epispadias. A few of them are for reconstruction of defects in acquired conditions. In the literature one finds listed many different kinds of material used as transplants with which to reconstruct the urethra. One of the most unusual reports was by Springle,<sup>1</sup>who in
Literature and Science.
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Literature and science reflect different aspects of experience. Experience that may be broadly shared, "public" and "objective," is the domain of science, which tries to express these aspects in universal terms, in technical, unambiguous jargon that has operational import. Other areas, personal, private, and in essence unsharable, form the domain of literature. Founded on "raw unconceptualized existence," literature must treat what is unique and unsharable, so that it becomes "a window opening onto the universal," and thus meaningful to others. It is with concepts such as these that Mr. Huxley opens this short but meaty volume. Literature and science each has its own scope. What relations can exist between them? Modern science represents a world view that takes its place with other explanatory systems which have held man's allegiance in the past. Modern science has worked a vast revolution in thought, way of life, modes of behavior; but whereas other
Peripheral T Cell Survival Requires Continual Ligation of the T Cell Receptor to Major Histocompatibility Complex–Encoded Molecules
Authors: Jörg Kirberg, Anton Berns, Harald von Boehmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

In the thymus, T cells are selected according to their T cell receptor (TCR) specificity. After positive selection, mature cells are exported from primary lymphoid organs to seed the secondary lymphoid tissue. An important question is whether survival of mature T cells is an intrinsic property or requires continuous survival signals, i.e., engagement of the TCR by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in the periphery, perhaps in a similar way as occurring during thymic positive selection. To address this issue we used recombination-activating gene (Rag)-deficient H-2b mice expressing a transgenic TCR restricted by I-Ed class II MHC molecules. After engraftment with Rag−/− H-2d fetal thymi, CD4+8− peripheral T cells emerged. These cells were isolated and transferred into immunodeficient hosts of H-2b or H-2d haplotype, some of the latter being common cytokine receptor γ chain deficient to exclude rejection of H-2b donor cells by host natural killer cells. Our results show that in the absence, but not in the presence, of selecting MHC molecules, peripheral mature T cells are short lived and disappear within 7 wk, indicating that continuous contact of the TCR with selecting MHC molecules is required for survival of T cells.
A physical map and candidate genes in the BRCA1 region on chromosome 17q12–21
Authors: H.M. Albertsen, S. A. Smith, S. Mazoyer, E. Fujimoto, J. Stevens, B. Williams, P. Rodriguez, C. S. Cropp, P. Slijepcevic, M. Carlson, M. Robertson, P. Bradley, E. Lawrence, T. Harrington, Z. Mei Sheng, R. Hoopes, N. Sternberg, A. Brothman, R. Callahan, B. A. J. Ponder, Ray White
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
RUPTURE OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: J. D. Gray, J. C. Hodgson
Journal: BMJ (1931)

MTEBitRITrSHwas examined, and gonococci were fotun(d to be present.No Klei)s-Loeffler bacilli were detectcd.The condition was treated at first with mild, antiseptic drops an(d subsequently with argyrol.At the end of a month the discharge had quite ceased.COMMENTThis case preseints many interesting features of clinical and sociological importance.1. Gonococcal rhinitis may easilv be overlooked as the true cause of a coryza.The bacteriological diagnosis is
Nonaccredited Medical Education in the United States
Authors: Donald G. Kassebaum, Jordan J. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The Kigezi International School of Medicine of Uganda and the Ross University School of Medicine in Dominica have recently announced their intentions to establish campuses in the United States. Ross University expects to open its campus in Casper, Wyoming, this year and eventually to have sufficient facilities and staff to enroll 600 to 1000 students annually.1 Wyoming business leaders and many local residents are pinning their hopes for economic development on this new venture. These well-publicized plans have aroused concern about quality control in U.S.-based medical education for two related reasons: because schools with foreign charters are able to avoid . . .
REGULATION OF LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES IN VITRO
Authors: Masaru Yoshinaga, Aiko Yoshinaga, Byron H. Waksman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

DNA synthesis of normal rat spleen cells in response to endotoxin increases markedly if adherent cells are first removed from the cell suspension. Addition of small numbers of purified macrophages to the cultures restores the response to a low level. T-deprived cells show these effects in very much lesser degree. Large numbers of macrophages completely suppress the response of both normal and T-deprived spleen. We conclude that two mechanisms of suppression are at work: a direct effect of macrophages and a macrophage-dependent "suppressor T cell" effect.
Early events of human T lymphocyte activation are associated with type I protein kinase A activity.
Authors: D Laxminarayana, A Berrada, G M Kammer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Human T lymphocytes possess both the type I and II isozymes of protein kinase A (PKA). The type I (PKA-I) isozyme is predominantly associated with the plasma membrane, whereas the type II (PKA-II) isozyme is primarily localized to the cytosol. Because the functions of both PKA-I and PKA-II isozymes in the biochemical events of T lymphocyte activation have not been clearly elucidated, we tested the hypothesis that very early events of normal human T lymphocyte activation are mediated by the PKA-I and/or PKA-II isozyme(s). Fresh normal human T cells and a normal human CD4+ T cell line (GK606) activated with anti-CD3-epsilon and recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) exhibited a peak six- to sevenfold increase of PKA phosphotransferase activity at 5 min that returned to baseline by 60 min. Similarly, both fresh T cells and the T cell line activated by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin demonstrated a peak eightfold increase of PKA activity by 15 min that returned toward baseline by 60 min. Chromatographic separation of the PKA isozymes and quantification of phosphotransferase activities after T cell activation by either agonist pair showed preferential activation of the PKA-I isozyme, resulting in a significant reduction in the ratio of PKA-I to PKA-II isozyme activity from 3.1:1-6.2:1 to 1.1:1-3.2:1. PKA-I isozyme activation resulted in the release of free catalytic (C) subunit, an increase in C subunit phosphotransferase activity, and the phosphorylation of T cell plasma membrane-associated proteins, p14, p17, p20, p21, p38, and p48. However, activation of the PKA-I isozyme did not appear to be required for the transcription of IL-2 mRNA, an event necessary for mitosis. These data indicate that ligand-induced T cell activation is associated with rapid activation of the PKA-I, but not PKA-II, isozyme that results in phosphorylation of plasma membrane-associated proteins. The involvement of the PKA-I isozyme during the very early events of T cell activation suggests that this isozyme may be an antigen- or mitogen-stimulated protein kinase.
Timing of excessive ultraviolet radiation and melanoma: epidemiology does not support the existence of a critical period of high susceptibility to solar ultraviolet radiation- induced melanoma
Authors: A. Pfahlberg, K-F. Kölmel, O. Gefeller For The Febim Study Group
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

The existence of a 'critical period' early in life characterized by a high susceptibility to melanoma initiation due to excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been suggested by various authors based on epidemiological findings from migration studies and some case-control studies. However, the evidence so far is controversial as several epidemiological investigations failed to corroborate these results. Objective To compare the increase in melanoma risk due to excessive UV radiation between different periods in life.In a multicentre case-control study we recruited 603 melanoma cases and 627 population controls in seven European countries. We obtained data on the history of sunburns during 'childhood' (</= 15 years) and 'adulthood' (> 15 years), respectively, in standardized personal interviews. We employed logistic regression analyses to estimate the impact of the exposure factors under study, while simultaneously controlling for the effect of a variety of confounding variables.We found a very similar upward gradient of melanoma risk in exposure categories related to the frequency of sunburns during both periods in life. More than five sunburns doubled the melanoma risk, irrespective of their timing in life.Our data do not provide supporting evidence for the existence of a 'critical period'. The hazardous impact of sunburns seems to persist lifelong and thus activities concerned with melanoma prevention should be directed to the entire population rather than being focused only on younger age groups.
Drug Ads Are No Place for the Doctor's Face
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Pharmaceutical advertising likes to regard itself as "educational," a label detrimental not only to good medical practice but also to pharmaceutical advertising itself. Any service that calls itself "educational" is obviously more subject to justifiable governmental regulation than an activity that freely acknowledges the bias of the information it offers. This principle, previously elaborated in these pages,* has been challenged by the industry as not invariably true. If a drug manufacturer, the argument runs, underwrites an authoritative and lively panel discussion on low-renin hypertension with no more than a small byline acknowledging the source of support, is this not educational? . . .
Expression of differentiation antigens in mammary and extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: A.-L. KARINIEMI, L. FORSMAN, T. WAHLSTROM, E. VESTERINEN, L. ANDERSSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Seven cases of mammary and twelve cases of extramammary Paget's disease were studied for the presence of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and apocrine epithelial antigen (AEA) using the immunoperoxidase technique. CEA was found in the Paget cells in five out of seven mammary and in all twelve cases of extramammary Paget's disease, whereas the AEA reaction was positive in six mammary and all extramammary cases. The same antigens were also found in the cells of intraductal or ductal adenocarcinomas of the breast associated with mammary Paget's disease, suggesting a common origin for the cells. In the cases of extramammary Paget's disease studied no underlying malignant neoplasms could be detected. Our findings support the suggestion that Paget cells originate in sweat gland ducts and undergo an apocrine differentiation.
Haemorrhage in Herniotomy
Authors: A. H. Corley
Journal: BMJ (1880)

each kidney was under one ounce in weight.The spleen was enlarged and firm; it was very dark in colour, -and weighedmore than one ounce.The mesenteric glands were all enlarged, and the peritoneal vessels were hyperaemic.The peritoneum contained a quantity of serum.Small portions of the liver were removed and set aside for further
An Unusual White Blood Cell Scan in a Child with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: UTE PORN, ROBERT HOWMAN-GILES, EDWARD O’LOUGHLIN, ROGER UREN, JEFF CHAITOW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Technetium-99m–labeled leukocyte (WBC) imaging is a valuable screening method for inflammatory bowel disease, especially in children, because of its high rate of sensitivity, low cost, and ease of preparation. A 14-year-old girl is described who had juvenile arthritis and iritis complicated by inflammatory bowel disease. She was examined for recurrent abdominal pain. A Tc-99m stannous colloid WBC scan was performed, and tracer accumulation was seen in the small bowel in the region of the distal ileum on the initial 1-hour image. Delayed imaging at 3 hours also revealed tracer accumulation in the cecum and ascending colon, which was not seen on the early image. A biopsy of the colon during endoscopy showed no evidence of active inflammation in the colon. The small bowel was not seen. Computed tomography revealed changes suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease in the distal ileum. The appearance on the WBC study was most likely a result of inflammatory bowel disease involving the distal ileum, with transit of luminal activity into the large bowel.
Bronchography in chronic bronchitis.
Authors: A G Ogilvie
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Bronchograms were made in eight men, chosen on clinical grounds as representative of three grades of severity in a series of 67 male bronchitis studied prospectively over a period of 10 years, with the object of ascertaining the anatomical condition at the end of this period. In the stationary group the bronchograms showed only a mild mucous reaction, and peripheral filling was generally good. In the slowly progressive group, mucous obstruction was evident and fairly widespread, and organic changes were present, though not widespread or severe. In the progressive group, both mucous obstruction and organic change were widespread. It was noted that when both mucous obstruction and organic changes were observed the upper lobes were seen to be relatively normal with the exception of the progressive cases in which all changes were more severe. The bronchographic abnormalities were found to be closely correlated with the grades of clinical severity.