tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of ABO blood group on the collagen‐binding assay for von Willebrand factor
Authors: Erin Haley, Nadiya Babar, Cory Ritter, Katharine A. Downes, Deana Green, Susan Shurin, Ravindra Sarode
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common congenital bleeding disorder and is caused by a quantitative or qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Ristocetin cofactor (RCoF) assay is used to evaluate VWF activity, but it does not assess collagen-binding activity. Normal values of RCoF and VWF antigen vary with ABO blood group type. The collagen-binding assay (CBA) measures VWF activity; however, its relationship with ABO blood group has not been completely explored. We performed CBA on plasma samples from 131 healthy volunteers to determine if CBA values correlated with blood type. Individuals with blood group O had a mean CBA value of 94 +/- 28%, which was significantly different from the mean of 117 +/- 33% in persons with non-O blood groups (P = 0.0001). Thus, CBA values appear to correlate with ABO blood type in a manner similar to RCoF.
Electroboy: A Memoir of Mania
Authors: S. A Spence
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In the expanding vocabulary of manic depression, bipolar 1 disorder denotes episodes of depression alternating with mania (which may be psychotic); bipolar 2 describes depression alternating with hypomania (essentially a milder form of mania); bipolar 3 describes a first episode of mania precipitated by antidepressant medication; and bipolar 4 describes depression in someone who has been previously hyperthymic (expansive or “larger than life”). Readers of Andy Behrman's memoir may ask themselves which of these syndromes are being described. The press reviews cited on the book's cover suggest that psychiatrists will question Behrman's account. “Don't listen to them,” warns the Times …
A CASE OF VICARIOUS CATAMENIAL HÆMORRHAGE FROM THE GUMS, WITH RECESSION CESSION OF THE GINGEVAL MARGINS AND ALVEOLAR PROCESSES, THE RESULT OF AMENORRHŒA
Authors: W. W. ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1885)

[Read to the Section of Oral and Dental Surgery, of the American Medical Association, May, 1884.] Miss K. W., aged 25 years, of tall, slender form and nervous temperament, has been under my professional care for the past twelve years. As a girl she enjoyed average good health; several years ago noticed a tumid condition of the margins of the gums, which were also detached from the necks of the teeth, and slightly receded, accompanied with a tendency to hæmorrhage on mastication, or when using the tooth-brush. Upon a careful examination, could find no deposits its of salivary calculus about the necks or roots of the teeth, nor could I discover any discharge of pus. Pressure, however, upon the congested portions of the gums, caused slight hæmorrhage. The case was treated at that time by free scarification of the gingeval margins, and astringent washes. The young lady has been seen
Pay rates for junior doctors' additional hours need to be adjusted
Authors: T. Pickersgill, H G Kynaston, R. Hurle, G. Small
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Work out of hours (additional duty hours) performed by junior doctors working on call rotas is currently paid at 50% of the standard hourly rate. Many junior doctors find this rate insulting and think that overtime, being compulsory and demanded by a monopoly employer, should be just what it says.

Pay rates should therefore be at least the same as for a normal working day, for reasons of responsibility, inconvenience, and comparability with pay for work done outside normal working hours in other professions and trades. The annual evidence …
Functional Consequences of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling in Congestive Cardiac Failure
Authors: Lana J. Dixon, David R. Morgan, Sinead M. Hughes, Lawrence T. McGrath, Naglaa A. El-Sherbeeny, Rick D. Plumb, Adrian Devine, William Leahey, G. Dennis Johnston, Gary E. McVeigh
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilatation (EMVD) in congestive cardiac failure (CCF) has been linked to decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability because of its interaction with vascular superoxide (O 2 ·− ), derived predominantly from NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases. When uncoupled from essential cofactors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces O 2 ·− . We studied the functional consequences of eNOS uncoupling in relation to EMVD in patients with CCF. Methods and Results— We employed the platelet as a compartmentalized ex-vivo model to examine O 2 ·− and NO production. When eNOS is functioning normally, incorporation of N ω -Nitro- l -Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1 mmol/L), results in increased O 2 ·− detection, as inhibition of NO production prevents NO scavenging of O 2 ·− . This was observed in controls and 9 of the CCF patients, in whom O 2 ·− detection increased by 63% and 101%, respectively. In the remaining 9 CCF patients, incorporation of L-NAME reduced O 2 ·− production by 39%, indicating O 2 ·− production by eNOS uncoupling. Detection of platelet-derived NO was significantly greater in eNOS-coupled platelets compared with the uncoupled group (2.8±1.4 versus 0.9±0.4 pmol/10 8 platelets, P =0.04). Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside recorded using venous occlusion plethysmography were significantly impaired in patients exhibiting eNOS uncoupling. Conclusions— This study provides first evidence that platelet eNOS can become uncoupled in human CCF. Impaired endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses and diminished platelet-derived NO production occurred in association with enzyme uncoupling.
Mandatory Unindicated Urine Drug Screening: Still Chemical McCarthyism
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In the late 1960s as the psychoactive drug abuse epidemic spread throughout this country, the advance of toxicologic technology prompted many troubled and well-intentioned persons to propose a new solution to this old plague: urine drug screening. Society was looking hard for solutions. Probation department officials perceived the need to monitor parolees, leaders of methadone maintenance treatment programs for heroin addiction sought to convert previously hopeless addicts into functioning citizens, and the US military was being harmed seriously by widespread, demoralizing psychoactive drug use among its personnel. Urine drug screening was established as one approach to deal with these complicated problems. At that time, I was actively involved in medical aspects of drug abuse and toxicology in one of the focal points of this problem—southern California—that was being called "the largest open-air insane asylum in the world." Concerned about hypocrisy, injustice, and infringements of civil liberties and aware that there
The Cost of Asthma in the Emergency Department and Hospital
Authors: RICHARD STANFORD, TRENT McLAUGHLIN, LYNN J. OKAMOTO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Treatment of asthma in the emergency department (ED) or hospital accounts for a significant portion of total treatment costs; however, little is known about the specific resources consumed. The purpose of this study was to estimate the type and amount of resources consumed for an asthma event requiring ED visit and/or hospitalization. Between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 1997, occurrences of asthma as a primary diagnosis were identified at 27 hospitals' emergency departments within Premier's Perspective Comparative Database. Patients visiting the ED could either be treated and released or admitted to the hospital. A total of 3,223 patients (age ⩾ 18 yr) were identified, with 1,074 (33.3%) requiring hospitalization. For the 2,149 patients who visited the ED only, the average visit cost was $234.48. For hospitalized patients, the average length of stay was 3.8 d, and the cost was $3,102.53. Nursing care was the source of the majority of hospital costs for asthma (43.6%), respiratory therapy (13.6%), and medications (10.4%). For adult asthma patients requiring hospitalization, the total cost is high and resources consumed are unavoidable. Thus, a continuum of care aimed at appropriate asthma management, especially in the elderly, could result in substantial cost savings over those aimed at reducing inpatient utilization of care.
The Health Care Resource Allocation Debate
Authors: David C. Hadorn
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The problem of health care distribution in the United States demands immediate action. Many different solutions have been proposed to slow rising health care costs and to improve access to care for the poor and uninsured. Debate among proponents of these various proposals might be advanced if a common language were adopted with regard to certain key terms instead of the various meanings currently assigned to these terms. For this reason, we propose and defend the following three definitions: (1)<i>rationing</i>is the societal toleration of inequitable access to health services acknowledged to be necessary by reference to necessary-care guidelines; (2)<i>health care needs</i>are desires for services that have been reasonably well demonstrated to provide significant net benefit for patients with specified clinical conditions; and (3)<i>basic benefit plans</i>are insurance packages that provide for all and only acknowledged health care needs, again by reference to appropriate clinical guidelines. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:3328-3331)
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SPIROCHÆTA PALLIDA.
Authors: WESLEY E. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Having demonstrated the<i>Spirochœta pallida</i>in eight specimens taken from two chancres and a mucous patch, we desire to make a preliminary report of our findings, which were shown at the Atlanta Society of Medicine on Oct. 5, 1905. The<i>Spirochœta pallida</i>was described by Schaudinn and Hoffmann last spring, and it is claimed that it is found constantly in the primary and secondary lesions of syphilis and may be an etiologic factor of importance. Whether or not it is the cause of syphilis remains to be seen, for it has not yet been isolated and cultivated and, of course, there must be a long series of cases by a number of observers before any conclusions can be drawn. The fact that these micro-organisms have been found by reliable independent workers in primary and secondary lesions and by Metchnikoff and Roux in monkeys inoculated with syphilis, and have not been
Sudden Death in Infants During Sleep
Authors: Michael Scott
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Occasionally patients who have had bilateral high percutaneous cervical chordotomies for intractable pain die during sleep from respiratory paralysis. Mullan and Hosobuchi have reported that autopsies of three of eight patients who had high cervical percutaneous chordotomies and subsequently developed sleep-induced apnea and death following the procedure, showed complete or partial destruction of both anterior quadrants of the cervical cord.<sup>1</sup> Hitchcock and Leece have reported the somatotopic representation of the respiratory pathways in the cervical cord of man.<sup>2</sup>Based on the depth of cuts at the C-1 and C-2 level of the cervical cord, these authors assign respiratory pathways to the reticulospinal pathways lying in the anterolateral column of the cervical spinal cord. The pathways for innervation of the intercostals are believed to be more posterior to those innervating the diaphragm, and both pathways lie in a band border on the outside of the spinothalmic
Standing Committee on Epidemiology and Health Services Research: past, present, and future
Authors: T. L VISCHER
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

EULAR newsEULAR, with its 42 member countries, needs a forum in which its activities and preoccupations can be communicated to its members.As all those who attended the first annual congress at Nice will receive the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases,the EULAR journal, it seems useful to provide an overview of EULAR's continuing activities from time to time.Hence the inclusion of a EULAR news section.The first article in this section appeared in the June issue (p419), proposing the establishment of a EULAR Surveillance Registry for Biological Compounds.Other articles will follow, including reports from the chairmen of the standing committees, where most of the important activities of EULAR take place.If you feel concerned about some of the issues reported and would like to take part in any activity, please contact the corresponding chairman.We need active participation in our work!
An open letter to the Prime Minister
Authors: Iona Heath
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Dear Mr Brown

On 8 January this year, David Beckham emerged from a meeting with you at 10 Downing Street saying: “He’s a very good man, you know, he’s a man that’s looking after our country and he’s doing a very good job.” I want to believe this ringing endorsement not only because, despite Mr Capello, Beckham still has the most beautiful right foot in football but also for the sake of the National Health Service. Sadly, the day before your meeting with David Beckham you gave a speech that makes it very difficult for me to sustain any such belief.

Your speech had two ostensibly worthy themes: access and prevention. Elaborating on both, you made some astonishingly simplistic statements, which obliged me both to question the quality of your advisers and to ponder the point at which a distorted claim becomes a lie.

On the subject of access, you describe your ambition in these words: “An NHS which is personal to the patient not just because it’s available at a time to suit you, with the clinician of your choice, in the setting and environment which meets your needs, but also because it works directly for your needs and …
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2008
Authors: José Miguel Dora, Caroline K. Kramer, Luis Henrique Canani
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has released a Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Position Statement for 2008 (1). In this document, it is stated that aspirin therapy should be used as a primary prevention strategy in diabetic patients at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, including those who are >40 years old or have additional risk factors. The recommendation is based on evidence graded “A,” which is defined by the ADA as “evidence from well-conducted, randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered or compelling nonexperimental evidence.” As this indication seemed very …
Human Endocrinology: An Interactive Text
Authors: Huldrick Kammer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This is a textbook of endocrinology, written for the undergraduate student. The subject is introduced in the conventional manner, by explaining what hormones are and emphasizing those features that make them unique. The chapters are aligned in a manner characteristic of endocrine textbooks and headed by one on neuroendocrinology and neurohypophyseal hormones. This is as it should be. All the chapters are similarly arranged with a clear but brief description of the anatomy and, in some cases, include information concerning embryologic development. Each chapter is divided into several sections, and the objectives to be gleaned from each section are listed at the outset. At the end of each section, the authors pose a series of questions based on statements in that particular section. In addition, the answers to these questions are listed. If the student uses this format properly, he can make learning endocrinology an active experience. The chapter "Autonomic
[330] AMPHIREGULIN, A GROWTH FACTOR OF THE EGF FAMILY, PARTICIPATES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: A. Nicou, J. Castillo, M.J. Perugorria, M.U. Latasa, J. Prieto, C. Berasain, M.A. Avila
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Validity of self-defeating personality disorder
Authors: A E Skodol, J M Oldham, P E Gallaher, S Bezirganian
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of DSM-III-R self-defeating personality disorder.Applicants for inpatient treatment of personality disorders (N = 100) or psychoanalysis (N = 100) were independently evaluated face to face by experienced clinicians using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R and the Personality Disorder Examination. Internal consistency; agreement between assessments; diagnostic efficiency of criteria; prevalence; sex ratio; comorbidity with axis I and II disorders; and relationship to education, current employment, and selection for psychoanalytically oriented treatment were examined.The internal consistency of the criteria set and the agreement between psychiatric assessments of self-defeating personality disorder were fair. The most discriminating criteria were those referring to a) choices leading to disappointment, failure, or mistreatment and b) rejection of opportunities for pleasure. A consensus diagnosis of self-defeating personality disorder was more common than all but three other axis II disorders. The sex ratio of the subjects with this diagnosis was not significantly different from the sex ratio of the entire subject group or of patients with other personality disorders. Significant comorbidity with borderline and dependent personality disorders and with current mood disorders was found. Patients with self-defeating personality disorder resembled patients with other personality disorders in educational attainment and treatment assignment. They were more likely to be employed.These data lend little support to the validity of self-defeating personality disorder as a separate personality disorder category.
High Plasma Levels of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 are Associated with Decreased Lung Function in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: S.H. Cho, R. Kumar, C.S. Lyttle, K.E. Harris, P.C. Avila, L.C. Grammer, R.P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Joseph Goldberger: An Unsung Hero of American Clinical Epidemiology
Authors: Joann G. Elmore
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Pellagra, a disease rarely seen in developed countries today, was common during the first half of this century in the United States. The disease was initially believed to be infectious, and severe "pellagraphobia" left many victims and their families ostracized. This paper calls attention to Joseph Goldberger, an American physician whose remarkable research helped correct the erroneous belief in an infectious cause for pellagra and led to the elimination of pellagra epidemics in the United States.
Hemodynamics in Sleep-Induced Apnea
Authors: ARA G. TILKIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Twelve patients with predominantly obstructive type sleep apnea underwent cardiac catheterization, hemodynamic monitoring, and arterial blood gas analysis during wakefulness and sleep. Abnormalities during wakefulness included systemic hypertension in four of 12, exercise-induced mild pulmonary hypertension in five of 12, and alveolar hypoventilation in one. During sleep nine patients had cyclic elevations of arterial pressure with each apneic episode, exceeding 200 mm Hg systolic in three of 12. Pulmonary artery pressures increased in 10 of 12, exceeding 60 mm Hg systolic in five. Marked degrees of hypoxemia (arterial PO2, < 50 mm Hg in eight of 12) and moderate hypercapnia with respiratory acidosis were associated with these hemodynamic changes. Cyclic upper airway obstruction during sleep may result in hypercapnia, acidosis, and pronounced hypoxemia, which can lead to hemodynamic abnormalities during sleep. Sustained pulmonary hypertension and possibly systemic hypertension may follow. Tracheostomy is an effective therapy and is recommended to symptomatic patients who have predominantly obstructive apnea but no relievable anatomic cause of upper airway obstruction.
Effects of angiotensin II on steroid metabolism and hepatic blood flow in man.
Authors: F H Messerli, W Nowaczynski, M Honda, J Genest, R Boucher, O Kuchel, J M Rojo-Ortega
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

Metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of aldosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), corticosterone, and progesterone were simultaneously measured by constant infusion in eight control subjects before and during angiotensin II infusion in subpressor (3 ng/min per kg) and pressor (22 ng/min per kg) doses. Plasma levels of aldosterone and cortisol, the heat-labile protein-bound fraction of aldosterone, and hepatic blood flow (HBF) (as estimated by the fractional clearance of indocyanine green) were determined concomitantly. Angiotensin II in a subpressor dose produced a significant decrease of the MCR of aldosterone (by 23%), cortisol (by 16%), DOC (by 26%), corticosterone (by 14%) and progesterone (by 33%). The pressor dose further decreased the respective MCR by 37%, 21%, 40%, 28%, and 42% of the baseline value. Plasma aldosterone levels rose by 317% with subpressor and by 434% with pressor doses. HBF decreased by 18% with subpressor and by 33% with pressor doses of angiotensin II. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between the MCR of each steroid and the respective values of the fractional clearance of indocyanine green. We conclude that angiotensin II, by its vasoconstrictive action on the splanchnic vascular bed, decreases the MCR of aldosterone, cortisol, DOC, corticosterone, and progesterone. This decrease has to be taken into account when considering the stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on various plasma steroid concentrations.
THE MEDICAL SUPERVISION OF THE COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE PILOT
Authors: HAROLD J. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In view of the widespread interest in aviation medicine shown by the medical profession, it would seem that a general review of what has been and is being done by the Aeronautics Branch of the Department of Commerce in regard to the medical phase of the regulation of air commerce would lead to still greater interest and understanding. It is also my purpose to discuss some of the interesting medical features we have been pleased to observe and with which we have been at least indirectly concerned. All must admit, and those familiar with aeronautics are willing to concede, that flying is more than an ordinary activity. From the medical standpoint it calls for a physical and neurologic make-up in the pilot more exacting than the requirements in other pursuits of life if one is to be successful at it. The medical examination aims to aid in the selection of
Hypercalcemia Found by Multiple Test Screening
Authors: Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Having recently encountered two fine examples of unsuspected hypercalcemia diagnosed with use of an automated multiple analysis system, I feel that a brief report might be in order for those who remain reluctant to utilize such techniques. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3> The first case was that of a 60-year-old man who was admitted for inguinal herniorrhaphy for a gradually enlarging hernia of two years' duration. The multiple analysis system revealed an elevated serum calcium level as the only abnormality. An intravenous pyelogram revealed an enlarged left kidney. The hypercalcemia reverted to normal after nephrectomy for hypernephroma, apparently a case of pseudo-hyperparathyroidism.<sup>1,2</sup> The second patient was a 67-year-old woman with intermittent claudication who was admitted for peripheral vascular surgery. The multiple analysis performed on admission revealed an elevated calcium level, a decreased phosphorus level, and an elevated phosphatase level. The patient underwent a successful parathyroidectomy for an adenoma.