tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of human liver carboxylesterase as a specific protein bound to malaria sporozoties and the association with sporozotie invasion in cultured human hepatocytes
Authors: J VANPELT
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Basándonos en los datos ya conocidos sobre el comportamiento de los mecanismos de transmisión del sonido, creamos un modelo que reproduce la actividad mecánica del oído medio, utilizando el método de los elementos finitos. Diseñamos un modelo computadorizado que simula el comportamiento biomecánico de la membrana timpánica y la cadena osicular. Centramos el interés de la investigación en sus posibles aplicaciones clínicas, pudiendo introducir en el modelo las variables necesarias para la simulación de distintas situaciones: perforaciones timpánicas, fijaciones osiculares, interrupciones de la cadena, etc. Suministrando al programa simulador las características de la lesión creamos un modelo virtual sobre el que podemos valorar la hipoacusia existente y las posibilidades terapéuticas. Realizamos este modelo 3-D de membrana timpánica, martillo, yunque y estribo considerando su forma, peso, densidad, módulo de Young (N/m2) y coeficiente de Poisson, para las diferentes partes del sistema. Mostramos también la modelización de los elementos de unión entre los diferentes elementos tímpano-osiculares, incluidos músculos y ligamentos.Based on known data about the behavior of the sound transmission mechanism, we generate a model that reproduces the real mechanics of the middle ear by the finite elements method in the most exact manner possible. We designed a computerized model to simulate the biomechanic behavior of the ear drum / ossicular chain. The investigation focused on a possible clinical application, given that the variables neccesary for simulation of several conditions can be introduced in our model: tympanic perforation, fixation of the ossicular chain, chain interruption, etc. Introducing the characteristics of the lesion virtually in a simulator program maket is possible to reach conclusions about the conductive hypoacusis created and about therapeutic possibilities. The 3-D modelling of the tympanic membrane, malleus, incus and stapes is presented, considering form, weight, density, Young’s module (N/m2) and Poisson coefficient for the different parts of each ossicle. The modeling of the union of the different tympanic-ossicular elements, including muscles and ligaments, is also shown.
Agencies urge end to global trade restrictions on essential medicines
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intellectual property rights that protect drug patents, enforced by the World Trade Organisation, are preventing access of essential medicines to the developing world, warned an international coalition of health and legal professionals at a conference in Amsterdam last week.

Groups including the medical relief organisation Medecins Sans Frontiares are calling on the World Trade Organisation to strengthen its provisions to help developing countries in bypassing patent law.

Patent protection of drugs can prevent poor countries from producing cheaper local …
Characteristics and outcome of patients in whom reperfusion with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator fails: results of the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) I trial.
Authors: R M Califf, E J Topol, B S George, J M Boswick, K L Lee, D Stump, J Dillon, C Abbottsmith, R J Candela, D J Kereiakes
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To examine the outcome of patients with persistent coronary artery occlusion despite treatment with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), the clinical course of 96 patients with persistent occlusion after 90 min of therapy was evaluated. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization 90 min after initiation of intravenous t-PA. Immediate coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was attempted when the infarct-related artery failed to reperfuse unless the vessel was technically unsuitable or the infarct was thought to be small. No baseline differences could be found between these 96 patients and 288 patients who achieved perfusion with the same protocol. Although patients with and without successful perfusion after t-PA had similar clinical courses before cardiac catheterization, those without perfusion had more complications (ventricular fibrillation, severe bradycardia, hypotension) during catheterization. PTCA achieved reperfusion with less than 50% residual stenosis in 73% of the 86 patients in whom it was attempted, while 16% were left with a high-grade (greater than 50%) residual stenosis and PTCA failed in 11%. Mortality was highest in the nine patients with complete PTCA failure (44%), compared with a 6% mortality in the 63 patients with an insignificant residual stenosis after PTCA and a 14% mortality in the 14 patients with reperfusion, but a greater than 50% residual stenosis after PTCA. In 10 patients with small infarcts (six), unsuitable anatomy (two), or "spontaneous" drug induced (but later) opening before contemplated PTCA (two), PTCA was not attempted and no mortality occurred. The in-hospital reocclusion rate after successful PTCA was 29%, despite the use of heparin and antiplatelet agents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Seventeenth-Century Medical Journalism
Authors: Saul Jarcho
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The eminence and the long career of Dr. Morris Fishbein in medical journalism make it appropriate for an essayist who wishes to honor him to discuss an eminent and long-continued medical periodical, namely, the<i>Miscellanea Curiosa sive Ephemerides Medico-Physicae Germanicae</i>. This periodical was issued under the auspices of one of the earliest scientific societies, the Academia Naturae Curiosorum. The Academia is conveniently referred to as the Leopoldine Academy or the Leopoldina; the periodical is usually called the<i>Ephemerides</i>. It first appeared in 1670 and, with numerous changes of name, has continued to the present time. The following study is limited to its first year. Perhaps because medical periodicals were rare, the proceedings of 1670 were later reissued (1684), with typographical errors allegedly corrected, and a few illustrations added. I have used the printed text of the second edition, although the illustrations come from the first edition. The Academia Naturae Curiosorum
Prospective study of nosocomial colonization and infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: P. Berthelot, F. Grattard, P. Mahul, P. Pain, R. Jospé, C. Venet, A. Carricajo, G. Aubert, A. Ros, A. Dumont, F. Lucht, F. Zéni, C. Auboyer, J.-C. Bertrand, B. Pozzetto
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2001)
Mechano-electrical feedback in ventricular myocardium
Authors: M. R. Franz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

In the past, cardiac arrhythmias have been most commonly perceived as a result of eEectricaZ disorders of the heart muscle. As this issue of the journal demonstrates, there is mounting evidence that arrhythmias may also be produced by mechanical perturbations or disorders of the myocardium. Clinical data have long suggested that ventricular arrhythmias occur more frequently in patients who suffer from heart failure, dilated cardiomyopathy, ventricular volume or pressure overload, mitral valve prolapse, or dysynergistic ventricular contraction and relaxation [ 1 111. A potential common mechanism underlying all of these observations may be that dilatation or stretch of the myocardial tissue may lead to electrophysiologic changes which produce or facilitate arrhythmias. The phenomenon that electrophysiological changes may result from regional mechanical stretch or global hemodynamic over-load has been termed “contraction-excitation coupling” [12] or “mechano-electrical feedback” 113,141. In the past, however, this phenomenon has not been sufficiently appreciated within the mainstream of cardiovascular research. One reason may be the paucity of direct cellular data on mechano-electrical feedback. It is extremely difficult to maintain a fragile glass-microelectrode stably within a cell of a vigorously beating heart and even harder to ascertain the effects of simultaneously imposed mechanical perturbations. The body surface ECG, on the other hand, is too insensitive and nonspecific to characterize the electrophysiologic changes that result from mechanical strain and promote stretch-activated arrhythmias. Monophasic action potential (MAP) recording, which accurately depicts the time course of transmembrane action potentials while being less sensitive to motion artifacts than intracellular recordings [ 15,161, has been an important tool in evaluating stretch-induced electrophysiological changes in the intact heart. More recently, significant progress has been made toward identifying and characterizing myocardial stretch-activated channels (SACS) by patch clamp technique [17-201. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on stretch-induced electrophysiological effects and arrhythmias. Some of these concepts have been expressed in a previous publication [21], and newer observations will be presented and discussed in greater detail in the original papers contained in this focus issue of Cardiovascular Research.
Theory and Practice of Minidose Heparin in Surgical Patients
Authors: STANFORD WESSLER, E. THYE YIN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

A Status ReportL4 OW CAN SMALL quantities of heparin, in amounts that will not even budge the whole-blood clotting time, possibly provide effec- tive anticoagulant protection?"This is the most frequently asked and also the most intriguing question concerning prophylactic regimens employ- ing low doses of heparin in surgical patients.Such concerns are not new.Almost one quarter of a century ago DeTakats suggested that: "It takes much less heparin or Dicumarol to prevent clotting than to treat it."'Bauer, in 1954,2 and Leggenhager, in 1957,3 recommended small doses of heparin after surgery to reduce the incidence of postoperative thrombosis.Subsequently, Sharnoff reported that patients receiving subcutaneous heparin prior, dur- ing, and subsequent to surgery had less pathologi- cally demonstrable thromboembolism at necropsy than those receiving the anticoagulant only subse- quent to surgery, and that the latter group did no better than untreated patients given no anticoagu- lant therapy in relation to their surgery.4He believes that operative and postoperative thrombosis relates to the role of the pulmonary megakaryo- cytes in the development of "hypercoagulability."5 Sharnoff's prophylactic regimen consists of the
Israeli Arabs undergo less preventive screening than Jews
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Twelve years after Israel's national health insurance law was passed to ensure equal access to medical services, a new study has found that Israeli Arabs see medical specialists and undergo preventive screening much less often than Israeli Jews. 

However, Arabs, who make up a fifth of Israel's population, do visit their primary care doctor more often than their Jewish counterparts, says the study, which was published online ahead of print publication on 25 September in Health Services Research (www.blackwell-synergy.com/loi/hesr, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00645.x). 

The study's lead author, Orna Baron-Epel, of the University of Haifa's School of Public Health, said these differences, which could not be explained by socioeconomic or health status, were not due to discrimination against Arabs. Less frequent use of specialists and screening …
Only one doctor is left working in rebel controlled Nuba Mountains
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2013)

International concern is growing about a mounting humanitarian disaster along Sudan’s border with South Sudan, where nearly a million people are effectively cut off from access to aid.

Tom Catena, currently the only doctor working in the rebel controlled Nuba Mountains, at the Mother of Mercy hospital in Gidel, has had to perform over 100 amputations on patients wounded in air raids.

“These Antonov wounds tend to be very severe,” he told the BMJ , referring to the type of aircraft used by the Sudanese government to bomb its own people. “They cause loss of limbs, loss of …
Is Kv channel inhibition a common path to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction?
Authors: I So
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

See article by Hogg et al. [1] (pages 349–360) in this issue. 

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), a vasomotor mechanism that matches regional perfusion to ventilation, is initiated by depolarization of the membrane potential of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). There are still many debates as to which factor(s) is(are) responsible to induce membrane depolarization [2]. Voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv), calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa), release of intracellular calcium, change of intracellular redox potential or other factors are candidates. However, the most probable candidate for membrane depolarization so far is the inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) which leads to opening of voltage-gated calcium channels, and then to vasoconstriction [3]. The Kv channels conduct an outward current which is slowly inactivating, and which is blocked by the Kv inhibitor 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but not by inhibitors of Ca2+- or ATP-sensitive K channels.

The Kv channel family is very diverse and nine families of Kv channels are recognized from cloning studies, each with subtypes. In addition, further diversification is afforded by heteromultimeric tetramerization and alternative splicing of some Kv channels [4]. At least seven Kv channel subfamilies mRNA were detected in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle (Kv1, Kv2, Kv3, Kv4, Kv5, Kv6, and Kv9). Among them, several candidate channels have … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +82-2-740-8224; fax: +82-2-763-9667 earmye{at}snu.ac.kr
Doctoring Together: A Study of Professional Social Control
Authors: George Ross Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We must be grateful to the University of Chicago Press for reissuing in trade paperback Professor Friedson's research into the sociology of physician behavior within closed-panel prepaid group practice. Although this two-year study was performed some time ago, present reissue of the results and conclusions is undoubtedly prompted by current interest in the two Os—HMOs and PSROs (health maintenance organizations and professional standards review organizations). The author occasionally wanders off into areas in which he has less expertise, but the main theme of the book is so soundly buttressed that it will surely become a standard reference. The author's argument is roughly as follows: In private fee-for-service practice, patients affiliate themselves with primary physicians by choice and primary physicians in turn choose the consultants who please them best; the voluntary network is self-policing. In prepaid group practice, however, patients and physicians are together in a rigid box. In
Neonatal NK cells target the mouse duct epithelium via Nkg2d and drive tissue-specific injury in experimental biliary atresia
Authors: Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Gregg E. Sabla, Peter Whitington, Claire A. Chougnet, Jorge A. Bezerra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Biliary atresia is a neonatal obstructive cholangiopathy that progresses to end-stage liver disease. Although the etiology is unknown, a neonatal adaptive immune signature has been mechanistically linked to obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Here, we investigated the role of the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia. Analysis of livers of infants at diagnosis revealed that NK cells populate the vicinity of intrahepatic bile ducts and overexpress several genes involved in cytotoxicity. Using a model of rotavirus-induced biliary atresia in newborn mice, we found that activated NK cells also populated murine livers and were the most abundant cells in extrahepatic bile ducts at the time of obstruction. Rotavirus-primed hepatic NK cells lysed cholangiocytes in a contact- and Nkg2d-dependent fashion. Depletion of NK cells and blockade of Nkg2d each prevented injury of the duct epithelium after rotavirus infection, maintained continuity of duct lumen between the liver and duodenum, and enabled bile flow, despite the presence of virus in the tissue and the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines. These findings identify NK cells as key initiators of cholangiocyte injury via Nkg2d and demonstrate that injury to the duct epithelium drives the phenotype of experimental biliary atresia.
Instantaneous pressure-volume relation of the ejecting canine left atrium.
Authors: J Alexander, K Sunagawa, N Chang, K Sagawa
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

To characterize the pump function of the left atrium, we determined the instantaneous pressure-volume relation of the isolated supported left atrium. A physiologic after-loading system for the low-pressure atrium was created by coupling it to a real-time computer-simulated ventricle and a simulated venous impedance network via a volume servo-pump. In 10 atria loaded with such systems, multiple isochronal sets of pressure-volume data were collected from many ejecting or isovolumic contractions obtained under a constant inotropic state, and the time-varying elastance, E(t), as well as the volume-axis intercepts, VO(t), were calculated. E(t) is the ensemble of slopes, and VO(t), the volume-axis intercepts resulting from the linear regression of instantaneous pressure on instantaneous volume at multiple instants throughout the cardiac cycle. The systolic portion of the left atrial E(t) was insensitive to loading conditions, as was VO(t), which, in addition, proved to be similar to the right atrial and right ventricular VO(t) waveforms in its time dependence. These results indicate that E(t) and VO(t) adequately represent the instantaneous pressure-volume relation of the left atrium in systole irrespective of the mode of contraction. Whatever the underlying mechanism might be, the load insensitivity and similarity of the basic shape of the left atrial E(t) among different atria suggests that the characterization reflects fundamental features of left atrial contraction.
IMPACT OF PREPROCEDURAL EPICARDIAL BLOOD FLOW ON ISCHEMIC MICROVASCULAR DAMAGE AND IN-HOSPITAL COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Atsushi Yamamuro, Shuichiro Kaji, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Takeshi Kitai, Kitae Kim, Tomoko Tani, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Human Radiation Biology
Authors: F. Lamont Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Derived from material developed for radiology residents at the University of Colorado, this book is poorly written and carelessly edited. Unfortunately, it falls far short of its stated goal of "a valuable reference for physicians in general and radiologists in particular." The first third of the book is a potpourri of radiation biology including history, physics, cell biology, molecular biology, and theories of radiation effects. Too often, these presentations are disjointed collections of statements and theories that lack the logical organization and pedagogical development that characterize effective textbooks. The middle chapters of the book consider the immediate effects of radiation on various tissues. "Radiation Syndrome" is the best written and organized chapter; it presents interesting comparisons between human and experimental data as it considers the effects of radiation on the bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract. This is followed by discussions of modification and management of various radiation effects by shielding,
ABC of learning and teaching: Educational environment
Authors: Linda Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> It is often considered that essential thrombocythemia contraindicates placement of an epidural catheter because of the danger of epidural hematoma. Thromboelastography offers a possible means of determining the appropriateness of epidural analgesia in a patient with this disorder. <h3>Methods</h3> A pregnant woman with essential thrombocythemia and a history of spontaneous abortions was evaluated by thromboelastography at 38 weeks of gestation to determine the safety of using epidural analgesia for labor pain management. On the basis of the thermoelastography findings, the patient was given epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl during her labor. <h3>Results</h3> The patient experienced good pain relief, delivered a healthy infant vaginally, and suffered no complications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Thromboelastography may be a useful diagnostic test in determining the suitability of regional techniques for labor analgesia in parturients with essential thrombocythemia. However, success in one patient does not prove the general safety of this approach.
Antiandrogen effects of ulcer drug averted with experimental agent
Authors: Michael Reed
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Impotence has been reported to occur in a few men taking cimetidine for duodenal or gastric ulcers. In fact, in a study reported at the recent Digestive Disease Week meetings in Chicago, impotence, breast tenderness, and gynecomastia occurred in almost half of a small group of men taking high doses of cimetidine. These adverse effects disappeared, however, in those of the men who were switched to the investigational agent ranitidine, also an H<sub>2</sub>-receptor antagonist which has been used for some years in Europe. The study, described by gastroenterologist Robert T. Jensen, MD, senior investigator at the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Md, was carried out by Jensen and colleagues at that institute and elsewhere at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The 19 patients in the study had either Zollinger-Ellison syndrome or idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion. Doses of cimetidine used to control
Treatment of Neurogenic Incontinence with Botulinum Toxin A
Authors: Brigitte Schurch, Daniel M. Schmid, Manfred Stöhrer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: Neurogenic urinary incontinence is most often due to detrusor hyperreflexia, and it is usually treated by partially blocking the efferent parasympathetic innervation to the detrusor muscle of the bladder with anticholinergic drugs. These drugs have troublesome side effects, however, and may not restore continence. Botulinum toxin A selectively blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings and accordingly blocks neural transmission. We hypothesized that injections of botulinum toxin A into the detrusor muscle of the bladder might ameliorate detrusor hyperreflexia in patients with neurogenic incontinence by impairing parasympathetic nervous transmission. During the past year, we treated 21 . . .
Advances in Virology — Weller and Robbins
Authors: Martha L. Lepow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Book Review: This article reviews the book Growing Pathogens in Tissue Culture: Fifty Years in Academic Tropical Medicine, Pediatrics, and Virology, by Thomas H. Weller, published by Science History Publishers, Canton, Mass., 2004. "Birds, fishes, worms, and viruses" — so runs the taxonomic summary of a life's work that opens the autobiography of Thomas H. Weller, Growing Pathogens in Tissue Cultures.1 Weller, a driven, curious, committed research physician, combined his interests and talent with a profound desire to improve the human condition through the prevention of diseases caused by viruses and parasites. He descended from several generations of physicians, . . .
Cytokeratin 19 Fragment Predicts the Efficacy of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Mutation
Authors: Kosuke Tanaka, Akito Hata, Reiko Kaji, Shiro Fujita, Takehiro Otoshi, Daichi Fujimoto, Takahisa Kawamura, Koji Tamai, Jumpei Takeshita, Takeshi Matsumoto, Kazuya Monden, Kazuma Nagata, Kyoko Otsuka, Atsushi Nakagawa, Ryo Tachikawa, Kojiro Otsuka, Keisuke Tomii, Nobuyuki Katakami
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)