tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF COLLAGEN
Authors: Jerome Gross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Some properties of cold neutral salt extracts of fresh guinea pig dermis have been described in terms of viscosity, electrophoresis and sedimentation patterns, partial composition, the collagen content, conditions for extraction of collagen, and the effect of certain enzymes. Viscosity of the extracts depended on the collagen in solution as demonstrated by removal of this protein by precipitation or enzymatic degradation. The intrinsic viscosity of the crude 0.45 M extract, as well as that of the isolated collagen was 14.5, identical with that for collagen dissolved by dilute acid, indicating the same high asymmetry ratio for both. Electrophoresis of the skin extracts revealed a slow moving, high, sharp, poorly diffusing boundary in addition to a pattern superficially resembling that of serum. The ultracentrifuge pattern revealed a slowly sedimenting, hypersharp boundary following a large rapidly diffusing peak. The slow moving boundaries in both patterns were abolished by collagenase or heat precipitation of the collagen fraction. Hyaluronidase had no effect on either pattern. Neutral sulfate, chloride, and phosphate extracted more collagen than did thiocyanate. Very little collagen was extracted at 37 degrees C. as compared with that removed at 3 degrees C. A two stage fractionation procedure employing dilute trichloroacetic acid and ethanol is described for the isolation and purification of soluble collagen from crude extracts.
Abstract 3925: IGF2 activation of HER2 receptor in HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Xousaen M. Helu, Daisy D. De Leon
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. Overexpression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is detected in 20-30% of breast cancers. Overexpression of HER2 is linked to poor prognosis, more aggressive phenotype, and resistance to chemotherapy and hormonal treatment. HER2 is part of a four member family of cell surface receptors that are implicated in transmission of signals controlling cell growth and differentiation. HER2 has an intracellular domain with tyrosine kinase catalytic activity and dimerization of HER2 activates the MAP kinase and AKT pathways. HER2 receptor also heterodimerizes with the IGF1 receptor and can be activated by IGF1 receptor ligand. The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has an important role in fetal and cancer development signaling through the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor (InsR), and cross-talk with the estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERα, ERß). We hypothesized that binding of IGF-II to the IGF-1R/HER2 dimer may activate the HER2 signaling pathway. We characterized the IGF2 mRNA and protein levels in HER2 positive cell lines (BT474, SKBR3, and ZR 75-30) by qPCR and Western blot. We also analyzed the effect of IGF2 treatment on the phosphorylation levels of HER2. We measured the signaling levels of HER2 and IGF1R in the presence and absence of IGF2. Our study showed that IGF2 increases HER2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, blocking IGF1R increases HER2 protein levels. Thus, we propose that IGF2 has an important role in the activation of HER2 signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3925. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3925
Effects of intracoronary infusion of arterial blood or Fluosol-DA 20% on regional myocardial metabolism and function during brief coronary artery occlusions.
Authors: H Tokioka, A Miyazaki, P Fung, R E Rajagopalan, S Kar, S Meerbaum, E Corday, J K Drury
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Effects of intracoronary infusion (50 ml/min) of arterial blood, oxygenated or unoxygenated Fluosol, or Plasmalyte A on hemodynamics, electrocardiogram, regional myocardial function, and lactate metabolism were studied in six closed-chest dogs during 2 min occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 10 min of reperfusion. Normal hemodynamics were maintained with infusion of arterial blood and oxygenated Fluosol, whereas unoxygenated Fluosol and Plasmalyte A resulted in hemodynamic deterioration similar to that noted with no treatment. Ischemic zone systolic fractional area change, an index of systolic function measured by two-dimensional echocardiography, remained normal during the occlusion supplemented with intracoronary arterial blood (49 +/- 7%), was moderately hypokinetic with oxygenated Fluosol (31 +/- 10%), and became severely hypokinetic with unoxygenated Fluosol (14 +/- 14%), with Plasmalyte A (2 +/- 13%), and in the absence of treatment (5 +/- 9%). Only infusion of arterial blood resulted in no ST segment elevation or lactate production. Thus intracoronary infusion of arterial blood during brief coronary occlusion maintained normal myocardial function and aerobic metabolism. Infusion of oxygenated Fluosol resulted in amelioration of the decline in regional function after coronary occlusion, but not complete protection.
Cephalexin-Related Nephropathy
Authors: Saroj Verma
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Hematuria and eosinophilia developed in two patients being treated for bacterial endocarditis with 20 or 24 gm/day of cephalexin given orally together with probenecid (Benemid). One patient had a concurrent transient increase in serum creatinine; both patients had a history of penicillin allergy and had previously received cephalexin intravenously. All abnormalities promptly remitted following discontinuation of therapy.
Secondary alveolar proteinosis is a reversible cause of respiratory failure in leukemic patients.
Authors: C Cordonnier, J Fleury-Feith, E Escudier, K Atassi, J F Bernaudin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We report here our experience of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in patients with hematologic malignancies. The diagnosis of PAP was made by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and based on the identification of periodic acid-Schiff-positive proteinaceous material with the characteristic ultrastructural pattern. Ten patients with leukemia and secondary PAP are described. Three patients had received bone marrow transplants. Data obtained from sequential BAL have shown that at least four of them--all of them achieving complete remission or recovery from neutropenia after bone marrow transplantation--had reversible PAP, and we emphasize this potential reversibility. Furthermore, in order to estimate the frequency of PAP in hematologic patients, we retrospectively studied 113 episodes of pneumonia occurring in our department over a 2-yr period. The incidence of secondary PAP in patients with pulmonary symptoms was so estimated at 5.3% among all the hematologic population, and to 10% in patients with myeloid disorders. This report (1) confirms that BAL is an accurate way to diagnose PAP in immunocompromised hosts, (2) emphasizes that PAP is not an unusual cause of respiratory failure in this population and that it is strongly associated with myeloid disorders, and (3) shows that secondary PAP is potentially reversible, especially if complete remission of the underlying disease is achieved.
Staphylococci and Urinary Infection
Authors: R. G. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1965)

ovary and uterus were adherent to the rectum, and a considerable amount of altered blood was present in the pelvis.All other intra-abdominal viscera were normal.Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were done.The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged three weeks after operation.On subsequent questioning she stated that she had experienced vague abdominal pains from time to time, but that these were unrelated to her periods.Histological examination of the hernial sac did not reveal any definite endometrial infiltration, and it therefore seems evident that the large amount of altered blood present in the sac at operation was due to direct extension from the extensive pelvic endometriosis, which had other- wise remained " silent."The Figure shows the appearance of the specimens removed at operation.
The protective effect of glucose-insulin-potassium on the response to atrial pacing.
Authors: M A Chiong, R West, J O Parker
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion (GIK) on atrial pacing-induced angina, ST depression, abnormal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure during pacing interruption (LVEDPi) and lactate metabolism (L), were studied in 18 patients: ten had angina during pacing = Ischemic group, and eight (5 normals and 3 with coronary artery disease) remained asymptomatic = Nonischemic group. The study consisted of 8-10 minute periods of control, pacing and recovery, before and after GIK. No untoward effects were observed. Comparison of the pacing responses (GIK vs pre-GIK states) showed that during GIK, angina occurred in only 4 patients, while significantly less severe changes were observed in ST depression (1.4 +/-0.5 vs 2.4 +/- 0.4 mm) and LVEDPi (16 +/- 3 vs 23 +/- 3 mm Hg). Lactate extraction was also higher (8.1 +/- 10.9 vs -5.2 +/- 11.1%), but not significantly so, although L became normal in 4 subjects and improved in another. These results indicate that GIK infusion was well tolerated and had a beneficial effect on pacing-induced myocardial ischemia.
Abstract 1269: Activation of diverse signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer revealed by phosphoproteomics
Authors: Min-Sik Kim, Raghothama Chaerkady, Xinyan Wu, Robert O'meally, Sarada Vineela Kuppireddy, Jun Zhong, Harrys KC Jacob, Arivusudar Marimuthu, Manoj K. Kashyap, Robert Cole, Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue, Anirban Maitra, Akhilesh Pandey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. A number of genes that have somatic mutations including CDKN2A, SMAD4, TP53 and KRAS have been linked to pancreatic cancer. Recently, a comprehensive genomic analysis was performed in a panel of 14 primary pancreatic cancer cell lines and 10 xenografts, in which ∼1,500 somatic alterations were identified and a core set of 12 activated signaling pathways were defined. We decided to use a phosphoproteomics approach to identify tyrosine kinase signaling pathways that could serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Based on immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, we observed a heterogeneous pattern of tyrosine phosphorylation in the 14 primary pancreatic cancer cell lines whose genomes have been sequenced previously, which indicated that different tyrosine kinases were likely activated in different cells. To identify these kinases, phosphotyrosine-containing peptides were enriched by immunoprecipitation by anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and analyzed on a high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometer coupled to nanoflow reversed phase liquid chromatography. W employed the SILAC methodology to quantitate tyrosine phosphorylated peptides across the panel of cell lines. Our preliminary data indicates that the approach used in this study is suitable for global profiling of tyrosine kinase pathways that are abnormally activated in cancers. The differential alteration of tyrosine kinases was confirmed from the accurate quantitative tyrosine phosphoproteomic analysis. For example, HPNE, a normal pancreatic cell line showed the lowest level of phosphotyrosine levels, while each pancreatic cancer cell line could be differentiated based on its own set of activated tyrosine kinases. Interestingly, some of tyrosine kinases were activated in a small number of cell lines (e.g. AXL, SYK, DDR2, RON and RET), while other tyrosine kinases were found to be activated more broadly (e.g. YES1, TYK2, EPHA2 and EPHB4). Overall, we conclude that these aberrantly activated tyrosine kinases could be targeted to develop newer therapeutic regimens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1269. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1269
Drug Use in Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia
Authors: Anthony Back
Journal: JAMA (1996)

One premise underlying the physicianassisted death movement is that medications can be used to hasten death in a way that is comfortable, dignified, and effective. This book examines that premise critically, with surprising results. It is not a suicide manual for patients or an assisted death manual for physicians, but rather a multiauthor collection of papers aimed at readers who wish to evaluate the practice of physician-assisted death. The editors have chosen authors from diverse professional backgrounds (pharmacy, nursing, law, philosophy, medicine) and personal views. Aside from the idea that physician-assisted death is something that deserves serious consideration, no editorial morality has been imposed, and no concluding recommendations are offered. Most important, what this book contributes to the debate over physicianassisted death are some empirical observations about drug use, drug efficacy, and practical consequences of hastening death under the supervision of experienced and inexperienced caregivers. Thomas Preston and Ralph Mero
Screening for carcinomain situ in the contralateral testicle in patients with testicular cancer: a population-based study
Authors: M.G.G. Kier, J. Lauritsen, K. Almstrup, M.S. Mortensen, B.G. Toft, E. Rajpert-De Meyts, N.E. Skakkebaek, M. Rørth, H. von der Maase, M. Agerbaek, N.V. Holm, K.K. Andersen, S.O. Dalton, C. Johansen, G. Daugaard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Skin care education and individual counselling versus treatment as usual in healthcare workers with hand eczema: randomised clinical trial
Authors: K. S. Ibler, G. B. E. Jemec, T. L. Diepgen, C. Gluud, J. Lindschou Hansen, P. Winkel, S. F. Thomsen, T. Agner
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To evaluate the effect of a secondary prevention programme with education on skin care and individual counselling versus treatment as usual in healthcare workers with hand eczema.Randomised, observer blinded parallel group superiority clinical trial.Three hospitals in Denmark.255 healthcare workers with self reported hand eczema within the past year randomised centrally and stratified by profession, severity of eczema, and hospital. 123 were allocated to the intervention group and 132 to the control group.Education in skin care and individual counselling based on patch and prick testing and assessment of work and domestic related exposures. The control was treatment as usual.The primary outcome was clinical severity of disease at five month follow-up measured by scores on the hand eczema severity index. The secondary outcomes were scores on the dermatology life quality index, self evaluated severity of hand eczema, skin protective behaviours, and knowledge of hand eczema from onset to follow-up.Follow-up data were available for 247 of 255 participants (97%). At follow-up, the mean score on the hand eczema severity index was significantly lower (improved) in the intervention group than control group: difference of means, unadjusted -3.56 (95% confidence interval -4.92 to -2.14); adjusted -3.47 (-4.80 to -2.14), both P<0.001 for difference. The mean score on the dermatology life quality index was also significantly lower (improved) in the intervention group at follow-up: difference of means: unadjusted -0.78, non-parametric test P=0.003; adjusted -0.92, -1.48 to -0.37). Self evaluated severity and skin protective behaviour by hand washings and wearing of protective gloves were also statistically significantly better in the intervention group, whereas this was not the case for knowledge of hand eczema.A secondary prevention programme for hand eczema improved severity and quality of life and had a positive effect on self evaluated severity and skin protective behaviour by hand washings and wearing of protective gloves.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01012453.
Subdiaphragmatic Gallstone Mimicking Hepatic Malignancy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jisoo Kim, Alan Siegel, Stephanie P. Yen, Marc Seltzer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 70-year-old man underwent an FDG PET/CT for a possible primary liver malignancy or metastasis found on an abdominal MRI obtained as part of a workup for intermittent abdominal pain. The MRI showed an enhancing lesion at the dome of the right lobe of the liver. The lesion was FDG avid with a discrete central calcification. In conjunction with the patient's history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1 year prior, the findings were consistent with inflammation around a migrated subdiaphragmatic gallstone. One month after the scan, a CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of this lesion revealed chronic inflammatory cells with no evidence of malignancy.
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis
Authors: Stefan Leucht, Andrea Cipriani, Loukia Spineli, Dimitris Mavridis, Deniz Örey, Franziska Richter, Myrto Samara, Corrado Barbui, Rolf R Engel, John R Geddes, Werner Kissling, Marko Paul Stapf, Bettina Lässig, Georgia Salanti, John M Davis
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Coronary sinus ostium size is associated with longer atrioventricular conduction times
Authors: William H. Sauer, Rod S. Passman, Eric M. Grubman, Kar-Lai Wong, Reginald T. Ho, Michael S. Hanna, Dusan Z. Kocovic, Behzad B. Pavri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Sympathectomy potentiates the vasoconstrictor response to nitric oxide synthase inhibition in humans
Authors: M Lepori
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Nitric oxide exerts its cardiovascular actions at least in part by modulation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. There is increasing evidence that nitric oxide inhibits central neural sympathetic outflow, and preliminary evidence suggests that it may also modulate peripheral sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. Methods: To test this latter concept, in six subjects having undergone thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhydrosis, we compared the vascular responses to systemic l-NMMA infusion (1mg/kg/min over 10 min) in the innervated and the denervated limb. We also studied vascular responses to the infusion of the non-nitric-oxide-dependent vasoconstrictor phenylephrine. Results:l-NMMA infusion evoked a roughly 3-fold larger increase in vascular resistance in the denervated forearm than in the innervated calf. In the denervated forearm, vascular resistance increased by 58±10 percent (X±SE), whereas in the innervated calf it increased only by 21±6 percent (P<0.01, forearm vs. calf). This augmented vasoconstrictor response was specific for l-NMMA, and not related to augmented non-specific vasoconstrictor responsiveness secondary to sympathectomy, because phenylephrine infusion increased vascular resistance similarly in the denervated forearm and the innervated calf (by 24±7, and 29±8 percent, respectively). The augmented vasoconstrictor response was related specifically to denervation, because in control subjects, the vasoconstrictor responses to l-NMMA were comparable in the forearm and the calf. Conclusions: These findings indicate that in the absence of sympathetic innervation, the vasoconstrictor responses to nitric oxide synthase inhibition are augmented.
Defective removal of cellular cholesterol and phospholipids by apolipoprotein A-I in Tangier Disease.
Authors: G A Francis, R H Knopp, J F Oram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Tangier disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by extremely low plasma levels of HDL and apo A-I, deposition of cholesteryl esters in tissues, and a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease. We examined the possibility that HDL apolipoprotein-mediated removal of cellular lipids may be defective in Tangier disease. With fibroblasts from normal subjects, purified apo A-I cleared cells of cholesteryl esters, depleted cellular free cholesterol pools available for esterification, and stimulated efflux of radiolabeled cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin. With fibroblasts from two unrelated Tangier patients, however, apo A-I had little or no effect on any of these lipid transport processes. Intact HDL also was unable to clear cholesteryl esters from Tangier cells even though it promoted radiolabeled cholesterol efflux to levels 50-70% normal. Passive desorption of radiolabeled cholesterol or phospholipids into medium containing albumin or trypsinized HDL was normal for Tangier cells. Binding studies showed that the interaction of apo A-I with high-affinity binding sites on Tangier fibroblasts was abnormal. These results indicate that apo A-I has an impaired ability to remove cholesterol and phospholipid from Tangier fibroblasts, possibly because of a defective interaction of apo A-I with cell-surface binding sites. Failure of apo A-I to acquire cellular lipids may account for the rapid catabolism of nascent HDL particles and the low plasma HDL levels in Tangier disease.
A Serum Protein System Affecting Contractility of the Frog Heart Present in Increased Amounts in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: STEPHEN HAJDU, EDWARD LEONARD
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Plasma samples from a group of patients with severe essential hypertension were formerly shown to have a cardiotonic action on the isolated frog heart. This effect is significantly greater than that observed with plasma from normal persons or those with other diseases. The material in plasma responsible for this action is a system of 3 proteins. These proteins have been distinguished by fractionation with sodium sulfate, and are found among the serum globulins. The protein, the concentration of which determines the activity of the whole system, is called component L. When applied to the frog heart it becomes strongly bound. Two other proteins are needed, one precipitated between 0 and 17 per cent sodium sulfate, the other between 22 and 30 per cent sodium sulfate. The 0 to 17 fraction is thought to require calcium for its activity, which is bound to the protein. Calcium can be released by the addition of component L in a reaction which is dependent on temperature, reversal being possible in high calcium concentrations in the cold. The protein system described causes contracture of frog heart muscle in the absence of ionic calcium, in contrast to other well-known contracture-causing agents which require the presence of free calcium for activity.
At Last! A Medical Treatment for Skin Aging
Authors: Barbara A. Gilchrest
Journal: JAMA (1988)

"We sell hope...." Only a few years ago, this much-quoted self-assessment of the cosmetic industry accurately portrayed the state of the art. No sophisticated consumer, let alone scientist, had any expectation that the unattractive concomitants of skin aging could truly be reversed. The article by Weiss and coworkers<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journalsuggests that a new age has dawned. See also p 527. The University of Michigan investigators<sup>1</sup>present strong evidence that the wrinkling, sallowness, roughness, and mottled pigmentation characteristic of habitually exposed skin of middle-aged and elderly Caucasions can be improved within a four-month period by daily topical application of all<i>trans</i>-retinoic acid (tretinoin). In each subject, the left forearm and face were randomly treated with either 0.1% tretinoin cream or vehicle cream control, while the right forearm received the other preparation. Comparisons with the pretreatment state were made on five occasions during the
Anti-HCV human immunoglobulins for the prevention of graft infection in HCV-related liver transplantation, a pilot study
Authors: Bernard Willems, Mauricio Ede, Paul Marotta, William Wall, Paul Greig, Lesley Lilly, Norman Kneteman, Winnie Wong, Andre Roy, Denis Marleau, Charles Scudamore, Eric Yoshida, Aline Rinfret
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)