tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arsenic Inhibits Myogenic Differentiation and Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Yuan-Peng Yen, Keh-Sung Tsai, Ya-Wen Chen, Chun-Fa Huang, Rong-Sen Yang, Shing-Hwa Liu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The incidence of low birth weights is increased in offspring of women who are exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water compared with other women. We hypothesized that effects of arsenic on birth weight may be related to effects on myogenic differentiation.We investigated the effects of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the myogenic differentiation of myoblasts in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo.C2C12 myoblasts and primary mouse and human myoblasts were cultured in differentiation media with or without As2O3 (0.1-0.5 microM) for 4 days. Myogenic differentiation was assessed by myogenin and myosin heavy chain expression and multinucleated myotube formation in vitro; skeletal muscle regeneration was tested using an in vivo mouse model with experimental glycerol myopathy.A submicromolar concentration of As2O3 dose-dependently inhibited myogenic differentiation without apparent effects on cell viability. As2O3 significantly and dose-dependently decreased phosphorylation of Akt and p70s6k proteins during myogenic differentiation. As2O3-induced inhibition in myotube formation and muscle-specific protein expression was reversed by transfection with the constitutively active form of Akt. Sections of soleus muscles stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed typical changes of injury and regeneration after local glycerol injection in mice. Regeneration of glycerol-injured soleus muscles, myogenin expression, and Akt phosphorylation were suppressed in muscles isolated from As2O3-treated mice compared with untreated mice.Our results suggest that As2O3 inhibits myogenic differentiation by inhibiting Akt-regulated signaling.
SOME LITTLE POINTS IN SURGERY.
Authors: E. B. SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In preparing this paper I have endeavored to make use only of such points and suggestions as have come up before me in my every-day practice, and which I believe, are of daily thought and study to every surgeon who is actually engaged in relieving the suffering of humanity. I am quite sure you will all agree with me that the little points in the practice of our profession are of pre-eminent importance. Of themselves, they are able to make or mar our success, according to our attention to or neglect of them. In an injury to the head we must take into consideration every minute point, weigh each well and proceed as our best judgment dictates. If we suspect fracture of the skull we should examine the ears, and if a discharge is present, its nature should be noted, for on this—whether it be blood, the cerebro-spinal fluid or
Deficits in Communication and Information Transfer Between Hospital-Based and Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Sunil Kripalani, Frank LeFevre, Christopher O. Phillips, Mark V. Williams, Preetha Basaviah, David W. Baker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Delayed or inaccurate communication between hospital-based and primary care physicians at hospital discharge may negatively affect continuity of care and contribute to adverse events.To characterize the prevalence of deficits in communication and information transfer at hospital discharge and to identify interventions to improve this process.MEDLINE (through November 2006), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and hand search of article bibliographies.Observational studies investigating communication and information transfer at hospital discharge (n = 55) and controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of interventions to improve information transfer (n = 18).Data from observational studies were extracted on the availability, timeliness, content, and format of discharge communications, as well as primary care physician satisfaction. Results of interventions were summarized by their effect on timeliness, accuracy, completeness, and overall quality of the information transfer.Direct communication between hospital physicians and primary care physicians occurred infrequently (3%-20%). The availability of a discharge summary at the first postdischarge visit was low (12%-34%) and remained poor at 4 weeks (51%-77%), affecting the quality of care in approximately 25% of follow-up visits and contributing to primary care physician dissatisfaction. Discharge summaries often lacked important information such as diagnostic test results (missing from 33%-63%), treatment or hospital course (7%-22%), discharge medications (2%-40%), test results pending at discharge (65%), patient or family counseling (90%-92%), and follow-up plans (2%-43%). Several interventions, including computer-generated discharge summaries and using patients as couriers, shortened the delivery time of discharge communications. Use of standardized formats to highlight the most pertinent information improved the perceived quality of documents.Deficits in communication and information transfer at hospital discharge are common and may adversely affect patient care. Interventions such as computer-generated summaries and standardized formats may facilitate more timely transfer of pertinent patient information to primary care physicians and make discharge summaries more consistently available during follow-up care.
Limited Joint Mobility of the Hand in Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Harold Starkman, Stuart Brink
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Limited joint mobility (LJM) of the hand was present in 32 of 100 subjects, aged 3-22 yr, with type I diabetes mellitus. Prevalence of LJM was independent of age and sex, but increased with duration of diabetes, with peak occurrence in individuals who had diabetes for more than 5 yr (P less than 0.005). In age-and duration-matched pairs of control and LJM subjects (N = 31), there was no significant correlation of LJM with insulin type, insulin allergy, family history of arthritis, or growth retardation. There was also no correlation with "control parameters" including number of episodes of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis, degree of ketonuria or mean glucose, hemoglobin A1, fasting triglyceride, or cholesterol value.
Modified Poly(lactic‐<i>co</i>‐glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Gene Editing in the Lung
Authors: Rachel J. Fields, Elias Quijano, Nicole Ali McNeer, Christina Caputo, Raman Bahal, Kavi Anandalingam, Marie E. Egan, Peter M. Glazer, W. Mark Saltzman
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(β-aminoester)(PBAE)nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great promise in gene delivery. In this work, the pulmonary cellular uptake of these NPs is evaluated and surface-modified PLGA/PBAE NPs are shown to achieve higher cellular association and gene editing than traditional NPs composed of PLGA or PLGA/PBAE blends alone.
Calcium/calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase as an example of a molecular associative integrator
Authors: Thomas W. Abrams
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Evidence suggests that the Ca 2+ /calmodulin-sensitive adenylyl cyclase may play a key role in neural plasticity and learning in Aplysia, Drosophila , and mammals. This dually-regulated enzyme has been proposed as a possible site of stimulus convergence during associative learning. This commentary discusses the evidence that is required to demonstrate that a protein in a second messenger cascade actually functions as a molecular site of associative integration. It also addresses the issue of how a dually-regulated protein could contribute to the temporal pairing requirements of classical conditioning: that relationship between stimuli display both temporal contiguity and predictability.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PELVIC DEPOSITS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL CANCER
Authors: G. G. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1912)

PELVIC DEPOSITS IN DIAGNOSIS OF ABDOMINAL CANCER.1MsI aLOX 22) () )en.Thus, bhaving fouLnd by means of the x ravs that a youngiman who had been in the habit of taking large doc-es of vegetable and saline purgatives every day was rcally not eonstipated at all wh}Reni lhe was taking no medicine, I was able to persuade him on two consecuitive mtiorning,s to openi hiis bowels withouit artificial hlelp, after demonstrating to hiim that the faeces lhad p)assed througlh his intestines, and were simply waiting in his recttum to be expelled.
The AIDS Epidemic: Multidisciplinary Trouble
Authors: June E. Osborn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The author presents an overview of the diversity of issues involved in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The 1st round of AIDS cases has severely strained both human and societal resources in the US. To appreciate the economics of the problem, its is useful to think of evey case of AIDS as costing the same as a heart transplant. The anticipated doubling in numbers of patients diagnosed in the next year will have far more than twice the impact of the 1st wave on the health care industry, especially in the cities where the majority of cases are concentrated. Progress in the area of biomedical science has been spectacular in terms of the speed with which the virus was isolated and blodd screening techniques were developed. Problematic, however, has been the antigenic variation of the AIDS virus. It is possible that monoclonal technology will help to identify on parts of antigenic molecules that pervade the immune response to many variants and might be effective in neutralization. On the scientific level, there is cause of concern regarding a vaccin for AIDS, since the cellular receptor that the virus requires to initiate infection is the receptor for the T-cell antigen. On the practical level, the logistics of testing such a vaccine are complex. The largest hope for intervention may rest in understanding the role of various co-factors in determining whether a person remains asymptomatic or develops the disease. At present, however, preventive medicine appears to be the solution.
Do porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramics cause porosis in bone? A bone densitometry and biomechanical study on cortical bones of rabbits
Authors: Feza Korkusuz, Kaan Karamete, Bülent İrfanoğlu, Haluk Yetkin, Garth W. Hastings, Nuri Akkaş
Journal: Biomaterials (1995)
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STERILIZATION OF FOODS AND DRINKS BEFORE THEIR INGESTION.
Authors: AUGUSTUS P. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In presenting this subject for consideration it has not been so much my aim to cover all the phases which the question involves as it has been to bring before the Section that portion of the theme on which I have some definite conclusions. All will admit the importance of bacteriology and will not fail to appreciate the wonderful results achieved. Professor Virchow, in his address on "The Continuity of Life," before the general session of the Twelfth International Medical Congress at Moscow, spoke of the gradual progress that had been made by the use of the microscope, and said that its evolution had given rise to a new impulse in the march of medical science toward the development of biology. He attributed our indebtedness for the marvelous working of that instrument to Ehrenberg of Berlin. Prior to the achievements, the results of the study of Ehrenberg, as published in
SUCCESSFUL DELIVERY OF TWINS IN PLACENTA PRÆVIA.
Authors: E. L. DEWEY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. M., aged 34, multipara, eight months pregnant; was well during this pregnancy until labor pains set in Aug. 27, 1906. She arose and prepared breakfast as usual. Labor pains set in with profuse bleeding about one hour after getting up. <h3>Examination.</h3> —I saw her about thirty minutes after the onset of the hemorrhage. Pallor and weakness were marked. Pulse was 112. Abdominal palpation gave evidence of twin pregnancy. One fetus was in the L.O.A., the other in the L.O.T., at the fundus, face downward. The fetal heart sounds were plainly audible on auscultation. Vaginal examination showed profuse hemorrhage; the os was soft and admitted three fingers. The occiput was presenting. The margin of the placenta overlapped the os, and was posterior. <h3>Diagnosis.</h3> —Placenta prævia, complicating twin pregnancy. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —I decided to operate at once and sent for assistants; in the meantime I tamponed the vagina with sterile gauze
Cerebrovascular Effects of Apolipoprotein E
Authors: Berislav V. Zlokovic
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) has 3 isoforms: apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4. APOE4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease and is associated with dementia in Down syndrome and poor neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury, cerebral hemorrhage, and other neuropathological disorders. While apoE4 can induce neuropathology by participating in various cellular and molecular pathways, herein I review data supporting the hypothesis that apoE4 has direct toxic effects on the cerebrovascular system that in turn can lead to secondary neuronal dysfunction and degeneration as well as accumulation of neurotoxins in brain such as β-amyloid (Aβ) in Alzheimer disease. I review Aβ-independent cerebrovascular effects of apoE, particularly activation of a proinflammatory cyclophilin A-mediated pathway in brain vascular pericytes by apoE4 that has recently been shown to lead to a loss of cerebrovascular integrity and blood-brain barrier breakdown causing neuronal injury. I also review Aβ-dependent cerebrovascular effects of apoE such as faulty Aβ clearance from brain to circulation by apoE4. Finally, I discuss isoform-specific interactions of apoE with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 on brain vascular cells (ie, endothelial cells, pericytes), which play an important role in Aβ-independent and Aβ-dependent effects of apoE on cerebral vasculature.
The Masai — A Pastoral People
Authors: Edwin P. Maynard, Onesmo ole-Moiyoi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Over the past hundred years East Africa has emerged from its position as perhaps the least explored region of the "dark continent" to the area most frequently traveled by the Western visitor. Among the numerous tribes encountered the Masai have invariably held a particular fascination for the Westerner. Their striking physical and cultural characteristics and a staunch refusal to abandon their traditional pattern of life for that of the newcomer have brought many anthropologists and medical scientists as well as photographers to Masailand.The vast grasslands of Kenya and Tanzania are the natural home for these tall, handsome people and . . .
β Cell transplantation and immunosuppression: can’t live with it, can’t live without it
Authors: Klaus H. Kaestner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Since the first diabetic was treated with insulin in 1922, millions of patients have relied on frequent insulin injections and glucose monitoring to combat the disease and its complications. Improved immunosuppressive regimens in islet transplantation developed in the Edmonton protocol raised the hopes of diabetics worldwide for a complete cure and insulin independence. However, transplant success has proven to be short-lived and accompanied by significant side effects. Using a clever genetic model for conditional ablation of pancreatic beta cells in vivo, Nir and colleagues show in this issue of the JCI that the immunosuppressant drugs clinically inhibit beta cell proliferation in the diabetic setting (see the related article beginning on page 2553). They also demonstrate that beta cells have a remarkable regenerative capacity and that normal beta cell mass can recover even in the setting of hyperglycemia. Their new mouse model should aid in the development of improved immunoregulatory strategies and in the elucidation of the molecular pathways that govern beta cell regeneration.
Effect of carvedilol to correct interventricular dyssynchrony in patients with chronic heart failure due to ischemic left ventricular systolic dysfunction: Results of the CHRISTMAS study
Authors: Jacopo Dalle Mule, John G.F. Cleland, Dudley J. Pennel, Renzo Perelli, Gordon Murray, Andrew J.S. Coats, Simon Ray, Avijit Lahiri, Peter W. Macfarlane, Zvi Vered
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Decreased plasma motilin concentrations in pregnancy.
Authors: N D Christofides, M A Ghatei, S R Bloom, C Borberg, M D Gillmer
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Plasma motilin concentrations were measured in 37 women during the second and third trimester of pregnancy and one week after delivery. The mean plasma motilin concentrations, both fasting and after a glucose load and a mixed meal, were significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced during pregnancy, returning to the normal range one week post partum. Pregnancy appears to have a profound inhibitory effect on plasma motilin, and this may in part be responsible for the gastrointestinal hypomotility associated with pregnancy.
Giant Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: James L Ebaugh, Joseph D Raffetto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 74-year-old man presented to his outpatient physician after noticing a painless, visible abdominal mass 3 weeks earlier (Panel A). His medical history was significant for 40 pack-years of smoking and a left mandibulectomy, parotidectomy, neck dissection, and irradiation for recurrent oral squamous-cell cancer. Physical examination was notable for a large, nontender, pulsatile mass. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed a nonruptured, infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, 15 cm in diameter, with extensive intraluminal thrombus. The aneurysm extended to the aortic bifurcation and proximal left common iliac artery (Panel B). The patient was transferred to an acute care facility . . .
Systemic Therapy of Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma: Results of the First IASLC/ASCO Consensus Conference on Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma
Authors: Mark G. Kris, Giuseppe Giaccone, Angela Davies, Masahiro Fukuoka, David H. Garfield, Jacek Jassem, Elisabeth A. Quoix, Alan B. Sandler, Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Jan P. Van Meerbeeck, Howard West
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
SCD-HEFT: TURBULENCE SLOPE AND FRACTAL INFORMATION FROM BASELINE HOLTER MONITORING MAY AVOID UNNECESSARY IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR THERAPY DESPITE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Wan-Tai Michael Au-Yeung, Jennifer Boughner, Hans Moore, Ross Fletcher, George Johnson, Jill Anderson, Jeanne Poole, Daniel Mark, Kerry Lee, Gust Bardy, Per Reinhall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Role of thrombosis in the pathogenesis of congestive hepatic fibrosis (cardiac cirrhosis)
Authors: Ian R. Wanless, Julia J. Liu, Jagdish Butany
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The pathogenesis of congestive cirrhosis is generally thought to be a reaction of the hepatic stroma to hypoxia, pressure, or necrosis. This does not explain the poor correlation between symptoms and severity of fibrosis and the irregular distribution of fibrosis within the liver. We have observed healed hepatic vein (HV) thrombosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The purposes of this study were to document hepatic vascular lesions in autopsy livers of patients with chronic CHF, to determine the role of these lesions in the pathogenesis of congestive cirrhosis, and to refine the definition of congestive cirrhosis. Twenty-five livers were studied, 13 with multiple large blocks 4 x 5 cm. Sections were graded for parenchymal fibrous septa, sinusoidal fibrosis, and intimal fibrosis of portal veins (PVs) and HVs. Fibrous septa were found in livers of 7 of 13 patients with CHF and in none of 12 controls without CHF (P = .007). Parenchymal fibrosis was highly variable in distribution, often with severe septation in some areas and nearly normal morphology in others. Intimal fibrosis and obstruction of small- and medium-HVs were found only in livers of patients with CHF. The vascular lesions were confined to regions with fibrous septation and had morphology suggestive of organized thrombosis. Acute thrombi in sinusoids were noted in livers of 4 patients with CHF and in livers of 2 patients without CHF. These findings support the hypothesis that congestive cirrhosis is a response to intrahepatic thrombosis. The pattern of disease suggests that thrombus begins in sinusoids, occasionally propagates to HVs, and causes secondary local PV thrombosis, ischemia, parenchymal extinction, and fibrosis.
SM-08 * NEURO-ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS ADMITTED IN INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT (ICU): PATIENT'S CHARACTERISTICS, PREDICTIVE FACTORS OF DEATH IN ICU AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME
Authors: E. Tabouret, C. Boucard, M. Barrie, D. Autran, N. Bruder, O. Chinot
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Prognostic of oncological patients admitted in ICU is considered pejorative with a high mortality rate. To date, outcome of neuro-oncological patients admitted in ICU was never explored. Our objective was to analyze the characteristics, predictive factors of death in ICU and functional outcome after ICU for neuro-oncological patients. METHODS: Retrospective study of all patients with primary brain tumor admitted in our institutional ICU for medical indications between January 2002 and December 2012. Functional status was evaluated before first symptom associated to ICU admission and after ICU. Predictive impact on the risk of death in ICU was analyzed using the chi square test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: 71 patients were admitted in the ICU(≈3% of our patients); 22% died in ICU. Half of them had glioblastoma. ICU admission indications were mainly refractory seizures(41%) and septic shock(17%). At admission, 16% had multi-organ failure. Ventilation was necessary for 41%, catecholamines for 13%. 9% of patients received chemotherapy in ICU. Predictive factors associated to an increased risk of death in ICU were: non-neurological cause of admission(p = 0.022), multiple organ failures(p < 0.001), respiratory(p < 0.001), hemodynamic(p < 0.001), hepatic(p = 0.003) or renal dysfunction(p = 0.023). Longer delay between first symptom and ICU admission tended to increase this risk (p = 0.083). On the contrary, abnormal Glasgow score(p = 0.205) as well as tumor type(p = 0.678), tumor control status(p = 0.380) and number of previous lines(p = 0.409) were not associated to an increased risk of death in ICU. None of the patients receiving chemotherapy died in ICU. Among the 35 evaluable patients, 77% presented with a stable or improved Karnofsky Performance Status after ICU hospitalization as compared to ongoing status before ICU related disease. CONCLUSION: In patient with malignant brain tumor,admitted in ICU, predictive factors of death appear to be similar to those described in non-oncological patients. ICU hospitalization is generally not associated with a subsequent decrease of functional status.