tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dual-Tracer PET/CT in Renal Angiomyolipoma and Subtypes of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chi-lai Ho, Sirong Chen, Kossen Man Tzit Ho, Wai Kong Chan, Yim Lung Leung, Kam Chau Cheng, Ka-nin Wong, Man-ki Cheung, Kwok Kee Wong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We studied the metabolic characteristics of RCC subtypes and angiomyolipoma with 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate PET/CT. Methods Fifty-eight patients with both baseline CT and dual-tracer PET/CT were recruited: 10 angiomyolipoma (16 lesions) and 48 RCC (50 lesions). Each lesion was assessed for SUVmax ratio (lesion-to-normal kidney) on 11C-acetate/18F-FDG PET and attenuation density on CT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed to define the threshold of 11C-acetate SUVmax ratio for differentiating angiomyolipoma from RCC. Thirty-nine RCC patients were selected for 3-year disease-free survival analysis. Results All angiomyolipoma showed negative 18F-FDG but markedly increased 11C-acetate metabolism, significantly higher than RCC (11C-acetate SUVmax ratio = 4.11 ± 0.53 vs 2.00 ± 0.71; P < 0.05). 11C-acetate SUVmax ratio = 3.71 could differentiate angiomyolipoma including “fat-poor angiomyolipoma” (n = 10) from RCC with sensitivity of 93.8% (15/16) and specificity of 98.0% (49/50). Different RCC subtypes/grades (25 low- and 11 high-grade clear cell [CC], 7 chromophobe, 4 papillary, and 1 collecting duct) were found to have different dual-tracer metabolic pattern (P < 0.05), with overall RCC detection sensitivity of 90% (45/50). All chromophobe RCC were avid only for 11C-acetate but not 18F-FDG, whereas papillary RCC were primarily the opposite. RCC-CC showed variable dual-tracer uptake: high-grade more avid for 18F-FDG, low-grade more for 11C-acetate. Four RCC cases negative by dual-tracers were of low-grade RCC-CC. “Primary RCC being 18F-FDG-avid” was the only independent predictor of RCC recurrence in 3 years (P < 0.05), with a median disease-free survival of 22 months. Conclusion 11C-acetate PET/CT helps in differentiating “fat-poor angiomyolipoma” from RCC. Dual-tracer PET/CT has value in diagnosis of RCC subtypes and predicting survival.
Re: E. Jason Abel, Stephen H. Culp, Nizar M. Tannir, et al. Primary Tumor Response to Targeted Agents in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Eur Urol 2011;59:10–5
Authors: Muhammet Fuat Ozcan, Abdullah Erdem Canda, Omer Dizdar, Serkan Altinova, Ziya Akbulut, Mevlana Derya Balbay
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Representation development, perceptual learning, and concept formation
Authors: I. P. L. McLaren, Andy J. Wills, S. Graham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract We argue for an example of “core cognition” based on Diamond and Carey's (1986) work on expertise and recognition, which is not made use of in The Origin of Concepts. This mechanism for perceptual learning seems to have all the necessary characteristics in that it is innate, domain-specific (requires stimulus sets possessing a certain structure), and demonstrably affects categorisation in a way that strongly suggests it will influence concept formation as well.
TREATMENT OF URÆMIC PERICARDITIS BY ANTERIOR PERICARDIECTOMY
Authors: Sabih Ali-Regiaba, WilliamA. Gay, JohnF. Sullivan, Luis Tapia, DavidS. David, RobertP. White, KurtH. Stenzel, RobertR. Riggio, JhoongS. Cheigh, AlbertL. Rubin
Journal: The Lancet (1974)
PERSISTENCE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. III. PENICILLIN, STREPTOMYCIN, ERYTHROMYCIN AND KANAMYCIN*†
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin, Maxwell Finland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

In the preceding papers, one dealing with tetra- cycline and chlortetracycline (2) and the other with chloramphenicol (3), the circumstances under which these drugs would be expected to accumulate in the blood of patients with renal failure were indicated.Dosage regimens were outlined which took into account the limitations imposed by renal disease on the elimination of these drugs.The present report presents the re- sults of studies on the persistence of four addi- tional antibiotics; penicillin, streptomycin, erythro- mycin and kanamycin, following their administra- tion to patients with severe renal failure.Since anuria may be considered to represent the maxi- mum impairment of renal function as seen in man, emphasis was placed on the study of patients in this state in determining the maximum contribu- tion of nonrenal factors toward the elimination or inactivation of these drugs under the physiological limitations of uremia.The findings should prove helpful in delineating the optimum dosage regi- mens for these drugs in patients with markedly impaired renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODSDefinitions.Anuria is defined, for the purpose of this study, as the condition in which uremic patients excreted less than 400 ml. of urine per day for three or more days; patients who excreted somewhat more than 400 ml.per day are referred to as oliguric and when the urinary volume was in excess of 1,500 ml. per day they were con- sidered to be in the diuretic phase.The serum half-life (T/2) of each antibiotic was determined by the method of least squares (4).
An Address ON SOME ASPECTS OF THE ABDOMINAL EMERGENCIES OF CHILDHOOD: Delivered to the Fife Medical Association, September 23rd, 1921
Authors: J. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1922)

THE responsibilities associated with the recognitioi and the treatment of acute abdominal conditions ae -at ail times anxious and considerable ; wlhen one comes to.dal wittihle abdominal emeraencies of childllood the responsibilities are exaggerated, because the difficulties are increased.The majority of m-y lhearers are engaged in general prac.
Management of asthma exacerbations
Authors: W W Busse
Journal: Thorax (2004)

A double dose is not enough

The management of asthma consists of the regular use of anti-inflammatory medications and an action plan for worsening of symptoms or an asthma exacerbation. Guidelines for the treatment of asthma have recommended doubling the dose of maintenance inhaled corticosteroids for deteriorations in asthma control that are not responding to β agonist rescue treatment in the usual manner.1,2 Although this approach has been advocated, evidence to support its effectiveness has been largely wanting.

In this issue of Thorax FitzGerald and colleagues3 and members of the Canadian Asthma Exacerbation Study Group evaluated this approach. They identified 290 patients with well characterised asthma, all of whom had a history of at least one previous asthma exacerbation—defined as an increase in symptoms and the need for a change in medication not more than 12 months and not less than 1 month before the start of the run in period. During the run in period all subjects were maintained on their usual dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Subjects were then either assigned to maintenance treatment and received their usual dose of budesonide (100, 200, or 400 μg twice daily) plus a placebo inhaler to be used twice a day with an exacerbation, or were on the same doses of inhaled corticosteroid plus an inhaler containing active inhaled corticosteroid which therefore doubled their maintenance dose of inhaled corticosteroids during the exacerbation. An …
Civil rights group urges Czech government to act on report on sterilisation of Gypsies
Authors: Katka Krosnar
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Civil rights groups have criticised the Czech government for failing to follow up on a damning report into coercive sterilisation practices.

The report, published by the Czech ombudsman, Otakar Motejl, two months ago, says that at least 50 Czech women were unlawfully sterilised between 1973 and 2004 and should be awarded financial compensation ( BMJ 2006;332:138, 21 Jan).

The report came after a year long investigation into complaints filed by 87 mostly Gypsy women that they had been coerced into sterilisations. In his findings the ombudsman said that under the communist regime social workers often offered a one-off payment equivalent …
On formal universals in phonology
Authors: Andrew Nevins
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Understanding the universal aspects of human language structure requires comparison at multiple levels of analysis. While Evans &amp; Levinson (E&amp;L) focus mostly on substantive variation in language, equally revealing insights can come from studying formal universals. I first discuss how Artificial Grammar Experiments can test universal preferences for certain types of abstract phonological generalizations over others. I then discuss moraic onsets in the language Arrernte, and how its apparent substantive variation ultimately rests on a formal universal regarding syllable-weight sensitivity.
Imbalance Between Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4 and Matrix Metalloproteinases During Acute Myoctardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Costas J. Schulze, Wenjie Wang, Wilma L. Suarez-Pinzon, Jolanta Sawicka, Grzegorz Sawicki, Richard Schulz
Journal: Circulation (2003)

We have previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by degradation of troponin I, a regulatory element of the contractile proteins. MMP activities are also tightly regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs). The change in TIMPs during acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is not clear.Isolated rat hearts were perfused either aerobically for 75 minutes or subjected to 15, 20, or 25 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia followed by 30 minutes of aerobic reperfusion. During reperfusion after ischemia, there was a rapid, enhanced release of TIMP-4, the most abundant TIMP in the heart, into the coronary effluent, as shown both by reverse zymography and Western blot. There was a negative correlation between the recovery of cardiac mechanical function and the release of TIMP-4 during reperfusion in hearts subjected to different durations of ischemia. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed a close association of TIMP-4 with the sarcomeres in aerobically perfused hearts. Moreover, TIMP-4 was present only in thin myofilaments prepared from aerobically perfused hearts but not in ischemic-reperfused hearts. An enhanced MMP activity was shown in ischemic-reperfused hearts by in situ zymography.Loss of TIMP-4 from the cardiac myocyte leads to an increase in net myocardial MMP activity that contributes to acute myocardial stunning injury.
Urinary Incontinence Among Geriatric Patients in an Acute-Care Hospital
Authors: Herbert Sier
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The prevalence, time course, and factors associated with urinary incontinence were examined among 363 patients aged 65 years or older admitted to the acute medical and surgical services of a university hospital. Overall, 35% were incontinent of urine at some time during their hospital stay; incontinence was more common among women and among those older than 75 years. Indwelling catheters were used in 50% of the incontinent patients and 25% of the patients who were otherwise continent while in the hospital. Incontinence was associated with impaired cognitive and physical functioning and with treatment for urinary tract infections. In most of the patients who were incontinent while hospitalized, incontinence was a persistent phenomenon and had been present before hospitalization and was present afterward. Only 5% had "transient" or "nosocomial" incontinence. These data suggest that the acute-care hospital may provide a good opportunity for physicians to identify the often-ignored problem of incontinence, and to then initiate an appropriate diagnostic evaluation of this condition if it persists after hospital discharge.
Randomized Phase II Comparison of Dose-Intense Gemcitabine: Thirty-Minute Infusion and Fixed Dose Rate Infusion in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Margaret Tempero, William Plunkett, Veronique Ruiz van Haperen, John Hainsworth, Howard Hochster, Renato Lenzi, James Abbruzzese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To conduct a randomized phase II trial of dose-intense gemcitabine using a standard 30-minute infusion or the fixed dose rate (FDR) infusion (10 mg/m 2 /min) in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: In this prospective trial, patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with 2,200 mg/m 2 gemcitabine over 30 minutes (standard arm) or 1,500 mg/m2 gemcitabine over 150 minutes (FDR arm) on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 4-week cycle. The primary end point of this trial was time to treatment failure. Secondary end points included time to progression, median survival, safety, and pharmacokinetic studies of gemcitabine. Results: Ninety-two patients were enrolled onto this study; 91% of the patients had metastatic disease. Time to treatment failure was comparable in both treatment groups; however, the median survival for all patients was 5.0 months in the standard arm and 8.0 months in the FDR arm (P = .013). For patients with metastases, the median survival was 4.9 months in the standard arm and 7.3 months in FDR arm (P = .094). The 1- and 2-year survival rates for all patients were 9% (standard arm) versus 28.8% (FDR; P = .014) and 2.2% (standard arm) versus 18.3% (FDR; P = .007), respectively. Patients in the FDR infusion arm experienced consistently more hematologic toxicity. Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated a two-fold increase in intracellular gemcitabine triphosphate concentration in the FDR arm (P = .046). Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic and clinical data in this trial supports the continued evaluation of the FDR infusion strategy with gemcitabine.
Risk of gastric carcinoma in patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia
Authors: J Y Kang
Journal: Gut (2002)

We read with interest the study of Whiting et al ( Gut2002;50:378–81 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] ) in which they reported an 11% risk of development of malignancy among patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia over a 10 year period. We agree with their conclusion that their findings should be further evaluated in larger studies, as confirmation of a high risk of malignancy would have important implications for clinical practice. We would however like to raise two issues. Firstly, in Whiting's study, biopsies were taken only when there was macroscopic abnormality. These patients may … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DWhiting%26rft.auinit1%253DJ%2BL%26rft.volume%253D50%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D378%26rft.epage%253D381%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Blong%2Bterm%2Bresults%2Bof%2Bendoscopic%2Bsurveillance%2Bof%2Bpremalignant%2Bgastric%2Blesions%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.50.3.378%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11839718%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=50/3/378&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F51%2F6%2F899.1.atom
Increased Tc-99m-Sodium Medronate Accumulation in Renal Carcinoma
Authors: JAMES P. POLGA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Technetium-99m-sodium medronate is commonly used for skeletal imaging. Renal excretion allows evaluation of the kidneys. Renal masses present as areas of diminished activity. In the case escribed, a renal carcinoma showed increased radionuclide accumulation, probably because of extensive tumor calcification.
An Action Plan for Translating Cancer Survivorship Research Into Care
Authors: C. M. Alfano, T. Smith, J. S. de Moor, R. E. Glasgow, M. J. Khoury, N. A. Hawkins, K. D. Stein, R. Rechis, C. Parry,, C. R. Leach, L. Padgett, J. H. Rowland
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

To meet the complex needs of a growing number of cancer survivors, it is essential to accelerate the translation of survivorship research into evidence-based interventions and, as appropriate, recommendations for care that may be implemented in a wide variety of settings. Current progress in translating research into care is stymied, with results of many studies un- or underutilized. To better understand this problem and identify strategies to encourage the translation of survivorship research findings into practice, four agencies (American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, LIVE STRONG: Foundation, National Cancer Institute) hosted a meeting in June, 2012, titled: "Biennial Cancer Survivorship Research Conference: Translating Science to Care." Meeting participants concluded that accelerating science into care will require a coordinated, collaborative effort by individuals from diverse settings, including researchers and clinicians, survivors and families, public health professionals, and policy makers. This commentary describes an approach stemming from that meeting to facilitate translating research into care by changing the process of conducting research-improving communication, collaboration, evaluation, and feedback through true and ongoing partnerships. We apply the T0-T4 translational process model to survivorship research and provide illustrations of its use. The resultant framework is intended to orient stakeholders to the role of their work in the translational process and facilitate the transdisciplinary collaboration needed to translate basic discoveries into best practices regarding clinical care, self-care/management, and community programs for cancer survivors. Finally, we discuss barriers to implementing translational survivorship science identified at the meeting, along with future directions to accelerate this process.
Hypoglycemia and Cardiovascular Risks
Authors: Brian M. Frier, Guntram Schernthaner, Simon R. Heller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Although hypoglycemia is the most common side effect of insulin therapy in diabetes and its morbidity is well known, for many years, the potentially life-threatening effects of hypoglycemia on the cardiovascular (CV) system have either been overlooked or have been dismissed as inconsequential to people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. This scenario may possibly be a consequence of the persisting misconception that this population is seldom exposed to severe hypoglycemia, defined as any episode that requires external assistance for recovery, whereas self-treated events are classified as “mild” (1). This myth was firmly repudiated by the findings of the large prospective study by the U.K. Hypoglycemia Study Group (2), which demonstrated that severe hypoglycemia is a common problem in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and that the incidence increases with duration of insulin therapy. However, evidence for CV morbidity associated with hypoglycemia has been predominantly hypothetical and anecdotal (1,3). The potential dangers of intensive treatment regimens and strict glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes who have CV disease (CVD) have now been highlighted by the disconcerting outcomes of recent studies (4–6), in which hypoglycemia was implicated in the excess mortality that was observed in some of these trials. It is therefore timely to review the effects of hypoglycemia on the CV system, how this major metabolic stress could precipitate major vascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, and its potential role in these recent clinical studies.

In the adult human, acute hypoglycemia causes pronounced physiological responses as a consequence of autonomic activation, principally of the sympatho-adrenal system, and results in end-organ stimulation and a profuse release of epinephrine (adrenaline). This profound autonomic stimulus provokes hemodynamic changes, the important consequences of which are to maintain the supply of glucose to the brain and promote the hepatic …
Clinical Predictors of Termination and Clinical Outcome of Catheter Ablation for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Seiichiro Matsuo, Nicolas Lellouche, Matthew Wright, Michela Bevilacqua, Sébastien Knecht, Isabelle Nault, Kang-Teng Lim, Leonardo Arantes, Mark D. O'Neill, Pyotr G. Platonov, Jonas Carlson, Frederic Sacher, Mélèze Hocini, Pierre Jaïs, Michel Haïssaguerre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
PTU-102 Re-treatment with infliximab after a prolonged drug holiday in patients with Crohn's disease: Abstract PTU-102 Table 1
Authors: L Lee, J Duncan, M Sastrillo, J Sanderson, P Irving
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody effective for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn9s disease. The safety and efficacy of retreatment with IFX after a short “drug holiday” was recently demonstrated in the STORI trial. However, data regarding re-treatment after a long drug holiday (&gt;1 year) are few. With increased use of biologics, the number of patients who have lost response to both biologics is increasing. These patients have limited therapeutic options but retreatment with IFX has been proposed. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a retrospective review of patients with Crohn9s disease who had been re-treated with IFX after a period off treatment of at least 1 year. Patients were identified from our biologics database and their records were reviewed. Patient details and clinical outcome measures were extracted into a standardised form. <h3>Results</h3> 24 patients (14 male) were studied with a median age of 38 years (range: 21–61 years). 15 patients had responded to their first course of treatment; IFX was stopped due to episodic treatment being the norm at that time (n=9), patient choice (n=3), failure to re-attend for planned treatment (n=1) and development of strictures requiring surgery (n=2). The median time between stopping IFX and retreatment was 35 months (range 14–102). In this cohort, 80% responded to retreatment (12/15), 2 developed infusion reactions and 1 developed secondary loss of response. Median follow-up among continued responders was 20 months (range 2–43). Nine patients stopped their first course of IFX for either primary non-response (n=5), secondary loss of response (n=2) or infusion reaction (n=2). The median time between treatments was 32 months (range 18–42). In this cohort, 78% of patients responded to retreatment (7/9); 2 had infusion reactions. Follow-up among ongoing responders was for a median of 11 months (range: 2–84 months). All infusion reactions occurred on the second retreatment dose despite premedication with hydrocortisone (200 mg iv). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Re-treatment with IFX after a drug holiday of at least 1 year was frequently successful, whether the patients had initially responded to IFX or not. The main limiting factor was the development of infusion reactions. We conclude that retreatment with IFX is a viable option in people with limited therapeutic options even if they failed to respond to their first course of treatment or have previously lost response. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.