tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids
Authors: Eugene D. Robin, Philip A. Bromberg, Fayez S. Tushan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

THE problems of increased or decreased concentrations of CO2 in body fluids are biologically very old, having originated with the development of oxidative phosphorylation and the evolution of forms having substantial internal concentrations of CO2 and thus of H2CO3 and of HCO–3. Like many ancient problems, these problems are still with us. The clinician frequently encounters patients with CO2 retention, and the occurrence of hyperventilation with resultant hypocapnia is by no means rare.During the past decade, Schwartz and his collaborators have made numerous noteworthy contributions to this area. One major approach . . .
Tenderness Above Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Robert Lerner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  A preoperative finding that I have noted in five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is that of marked tenderness in the region of the hyperfunctioning tumor.  At neck exploration, each of these patients later proved to have a single parathyroid adenoma associated with edema of the surrounding tissues and with increased vascularity of the tumor itself.  The reason for the tenderness is not known, but may be related to pressure on the parathyroid capsule and also to some local inflammatory response.  Since the precise preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is usually uncertain, the above finding should routinely be looked for. Its presence will reassure the surgeon and help localize the hyperfunctioning adenoma.
Occlusive Disease of Subclavian Artery
Authors: Lester R. Bryant
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Fourteen patients with localized atherosclerotic obstruction of the subclavian artery were found to have considerable variation in symptoms. Seven patients had ischemic symptoms of the upper extremity, three patients manifested only vertebral-basilar insufficiency, and four had combined symptoms of cerebral and arm ischemia. The most consistent physical finding was a difference in blood pressure in the upper extremities of 20 mm Hg or more. Arteriographic visualization of the aortic arch branches was essential for evaluation and planning operative treatment. Reconstruction of the subclavian artery was possible in ten of the 11 patients operated upon, all of whom obtained a good result. Endarterectomy, often with a patch graft, was used in nine patients, while a free vein graft was needed in one with a retro-esophageal subclavian artery.
Inhibition of Natural Killer Cell–Mediated Cytotoxicity by Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus K5 Protein
Authors: Satoshi Ishido, Joong-Kook Choi, Bok-Soo Lee, Chunyang Wang, Maryann DeMaria, R.Paul Johnson, George B. Cohen, Jae U. Jung
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Breast cancer incidence rises in contaminated areas 10 years after explosion at Chernobyl reactor
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Women in the areas that were most contaminated by radiation after the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear plant in Ukraine are two to three times more likely to develop breast cancer than women in less contaminated areas, a study has found.

The study, which was published online ahead of print publication on 27 February in the International Journal of Cancer (www3.interscience.wiley.com, doi: 10.1002/ijc.21 885), says that excess cases began to appear 10 years after the incident, which happened in 1986, and that the relative risk was higher among women who were younger at the time of exposure.

“Our results confirmed …
Two successful pregnancies in a woman with chronic myeloid leukemia exposed to nilotinib during the first trimester of her second pregnancy: case study
Authors: Monika Conchon, Sabri S Sanabani, Israel Bendit, Fernanda Maria Santos, Mariana Serpa, Pedro Enrique Dorliac-Llacer
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

The occurrence of chronic myeloid leukemia in pregnancy is rare and its management poses a clinical challenge for physicians treating these patients. We report a 30-year-old woman with chronic myeloid leukemia who became pregnant twice successfully. Philadelphia-positive CML in its chronic phase was diagnosed at 16 weeks of her first gestation. At that time, she received no treatment throughout her pregnancy. At 38 weeks of gestation, a normal infant was delivered by cesarean section. At six weeks postpartum, the patient underwent imatinib mesylate therapy but she could not tolerate the treatment. The treatment was then changed to nilotinib at 400 mg orally b.i.d. Two years later, she became pregnant again while she was on nilotinib 200 mg b.i.d. The unplanned pregnancy was identified during her 7.4 weeks of gestation. Because the patient elected to continue her pregnancy, nilotinib was stopped immediately, and no further treatment was given until delivery. Neither obstetrical complications nor structural malformations in neonates in both pregnancies were observed. Both babies' growth and development have been normal. Although this experience is limited to a single patient, the success of this patient demonstrates that the management of chronic myeloid leukemia in pregnant women may be individualized based on the relative risks and benefits of the patient and fetus.
Force, velocity, and power changes during normal and potentiated contractions of cat papillary muscle.
Authors: Y C Chiu, E W Ballou, L E Ford
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The instantaneous force-velocity relations of cat papillary muscles were studied at different times in the twitch in normal and in postextrasystolic potentiated contractions. Fourteen to sixteen different loads were used to define each of the force-velocity curves. The curves were fitted by a least-squares procedure to the hyperbolic (Hill equation). The hyperbolae were extrapolated to obtain maximum velocity and isometric force and interpolated to obtain maximum power. All three of these values rose more quickly than developed force. Maximum velocity reached 77% of its peak at the earliest time studied, 20-25% of the time to peak force. Developed force achieved 22% of its final value at this time, while extrapolated isometric force and maximum power both reached 44% of their peak values. Postextrasystolic potentiation sufficient to produce a 1.5 to twofold increase in peak developed force produced less than a 20% increase in extrapolated maximum velocity. The results can be interpreted in terms of a model in which the maximum velocity of the contractile elements remains constant during the twitch. Variation in maximum velocity is attributed to a small internal load, equivalent to 6% of twitch force. Since maximum velocity is relatively constant, it does not give a good measure of changes in the force-velocity curves. By contrast, the extrapolated isometric force and maximum power are much more sensitive to changes in the force-velocity curves, and they vary in proportion to each other. The advantage of using interpolated maximum power rather than isometric force to define changes in the curves is that it can be normalized to muscle mass.
Viral induction and targeted inhibition of galectin-1 in EBV+ posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Jing Ouyang, Przemyslaw Juszczynski, Scott J. Rodig, Michael R. Green, Evan O'Donnell, Treeve Currie, Myriam Armant, Kunihiko Takeyama, Stefano Monti, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Jerome Ritz, Jeffery L. Kutok, Margaret A. Shipp
Journal: Blood (2011)
PRESSURE TREATMENT OF MAXILLARY SINUSITIS
Authors: J. Mathews Robison
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Therapeutic application of physical pressure to various parts of the body has been in use for many years. Pressure has been used to facilitate the healing of wounds, burns, fractures, and chronic ulceration of the skin and in skin grafting. Pressure has also been used to prevent hemorrhage, interstitial cavitation, edema, and accumulation and stagnation of excess interstitial fluid. Smith<sup>1</sup>was the first to apply pressure in the maxillary sinus with a balloon. He inflated a balloon in the sinus to apply pressure to and prevent edema in a skin graft in the sinus. Later Shea<sup>2</sup>inflated a balloon in the maxillary sinus to hold the walls of the sinus in position after reduction of a fracture. <h3>METHOD OF TREATMENT</h3> For several years I have treated certain types of maxillary sinusitis in selected patients by applying local pressure to the mucosa of one or both maxillary sinuses. I
Nilotinib for the frontline treatment of Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Gianantonio Rosti, Francesca Palandri, Fausto Castagnetti, Massimo Breccia, Luciano Levato, Gabriele Gugliotta, Adele Capucci, Michele Cedrone, Carmen Fava, Tamara Intermesoli, Giovanna Rege Cambrin, Fabio Stagno, Mario Tiribelli, Marilina Amabile, Simona Luatti, Angela Poerio, Simona Soverini, Nicoletta Testoni, Giovanni Martinelli, Giuliana Alimena, Fabrizio Pane, Giuseppe Saglio, Michele Baccarani
Journal: Blood (2009)
Diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis: a systematic review
Authors: E.E.A. Brenninkmeijer, M.E. Schram, M.M.G. Leeflang, J.D. Bos, Ph.I. Spuls
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) has a wide spectrum of dermatological manifestations and despite various validated sets of diagnostic criteria that have been developed over the past decades, there is disagreement about its definition. Nevertheless, clinical studies require valid diagnostic criteria for reliable and reproducible results.To summarize the evidence concerning the validity of diagnostic criteria for AD.All data sources were identified through searches on Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy tool (QUADAS) was used. Results are presented in a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot.Out of the 20 articles that met the criteria, 27 validation studies were identified. In two studies concerning Hanifin and Rajka diagnostic criteria sensitivity and specificity ranged from 87.9% to 96.0% and from 77.6% to 93.8%, respectively. Nineteen validation studies of the U.K. diagnostic criteria showed sensitivity and specificity ranging from 10% to 100% and 89.3% to 99.1%, respectively. Three validation studies concerning the Schultz-Larsen criteria showed sensitivity from 88% to 94.4% and specificity from 77.6% to 95.9%. In one article concerning the criteria of Diepgen, the sensitivity ranged from 83.0% to 87.7% and the specificity from 83.9% to 87.0%. One article studied the Kang and Tian criteria and reported 95.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity. One article validating the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) criteria showed a positive and negative predictive value of 48.8% and 91.1%, respectively.With this systematic review of the existing sets of diagnostic criteria for AD a varying number of validation studies with varying methodological quality was found. The U.K. diagnostic criteria are the most extensively validated. However, improvement of methodological design for validation studies and uniformity in well-validated and applicable diagnostic criteria are needed to improve future intervention studies and to compare study results.
Pulmonary Hypertension Findings Detected by F-18 FDG PET Scan
Authors: Yael Abikhzer, Stephan Probst, Christopher Rush
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 72-year-old female patient had severe pulmonary hypertension on transthoracic echocardiography with a pulmonary arterial pressure of 125 mm Hg, moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and a moderately dilated, mildly hypokinetic right ventricle (RV). A CT scan, performed to assess the etiology of the pulmonary hypertension, revealed a right middle lobe lung nodule and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. A subsequent F-18 FDG PET scan demonstrated the right middle lobe lung nodule and the mediastinal adenopathy to be FDG-avid, but a striking incidental finding on this study was intense RV FDG uptake, secondary to RV hypertrophy and strain.
RETRACTED: WORSENING OF PRE-EXISTING VALVULOPATHY WITH A NEW OBESITY DRUG LORCASERIN, A SELECTIVE 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE 2C RECEPTOR AGONIST: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Hemang B. Panchal, Parthav Patel, Brijal Patel, Rakeshkumar Patel, Henry Philip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Exposure to Polyfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in U.S. Children 12–15 Years of Age
Authors: Kate Hoffman, Thomas F. Webster, Marc G. Weisskopf, Janice Weinberg, Verónica M. Vieira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundPolyfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) have been widely used in consumer products. Exposures in the United States and in world populations are widespread. PFC exposures have been linked to various health impacts, and data in animals suggest that PFCs may be potential developmental neurotoxicants.ObjectivesWe evaluated the associations between exposures to four PFCs and parental report of diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsData were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000 and 2003–2004 for children 12–15 years of age. Parental report of a previous diagnosis by a doctor or health care professional of ADHD in the child was the primary outcome measure. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) levels were measured in serum samples from each child.ResultsParents reported that 48 of 571 children included in the analysis had been diagnosed with ADHD. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for parentally reported ADHD in association with a 1-μg/L increase in serum PFOS (modeled as a continuous predictor) was 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.05]. Adjusted ORs for 1-μg/L increases in PFOA and PFHxS were also statistically significant (PFOA: OR = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01–1.23; PFHxS: OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11), and we observed a nonsignificant positive association with PFNA (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 0.86–2.02).ConclusionsOur results, using cross-sectional data, are consistent with increased odds of ADHD in children with higher serum PFC levels. Given the extremely prevalent exposure to PFCs, follow-up of these data with cohort studies is needed.
Postmortem medicine--an essential new new subspecialty.
Authors: B Y Yankelowitz
Journal: BMJ (1979)

used is a reflection of the use of euphemisms in medicine. Who but the gastroenterologist could see a foodstuff in a pathological specimen of stool as in redcurrant jelly or chocolate ? This last explanation may be considered the most likely, since, in dealing with unpleasantness, a natural defence mechanism is sublimation ?to turn the unpleasant into something much more appealing. In other words, we suggest that some doctors are obsessed with the basic human instinct of eating and drinking and would prefer to reflect on the pleasures of life while following less aesthetic pursuits. Gastroenterologists may really be gastrologists at heart.
WATER CONNECTION TO AUTOPSY TABLE
Authors: Herman N. Bundesen
Journal: JAMA (1952)

To the Editor:  —Recently, an inspection of a hospital revealed a water connection to the autopsy table in the morgue, through which back siphonage might cause contamination of the water supply. This hazardous situation probably would not have been discovered at this time had not an outbreak of illness occurred in this hospital among nurses and student nurses employed there. Contaminated water was indicated by results of our laboratory examinations which, in turn, led to a careful inspection of the plumbing of the building.  Three possible means of siphonage were found to exist:  1. There was a submerged inlet in the sink attached to the side of the autopsy table. The water in this sink was used by the pathologist for rinsing his gloved hands, his instruments, and the sponges used in the work on the cadaver. 2. A perforated pipe used for flushing was placed below the rim of
Reduced Dissemination of Circulating Tumor Cells With No-Touch Isolation Surgical Technique in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tamara M. H. Gall, Jimmy Jacob, Adam E. Frampton, Jonathan Krell, Charis Kyriakides, Leandro Castellano, Justin Stebbing, Long R. Jiao
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) disseminate from the primary tumor and travel through the bloodstream and lymphatic system. The detection of and/or increase in the number of CTCs during a patient’s clinical course may be a harbinger of forthcoming overt metastasis. We aimed to examine the impact of 2 different surgical techniques, standard (ST) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and no-touch isolation (NT) PD, on tumor behavior and outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer by using CTCs as biomarkers. In this pilot study, patients were randomized to either ST-PD (n = 6) or NT-PD (n = 6). Intraoperatively, blood samples were taken from the portal vein for measurement of CTCs before and immediately after removal of the tumor. An increase in CTCs was seen in 5 of 6 patients (83%) with ST-PD but no patients with NT-PD (P = .003). In the ST-PD and NT-PD groups, median overall survival was 13.0 and 16.7 months, respectively (P = .33); there was no difference in disease-free survival (P = .42). The use of NT-PD significantly reduced the number of CTCs in the portal vein with no benefit in survival outcomes compared with ST-PD, although more extensive studies are required.
Serious childhood angiomas: unsuccessful alpha-2b interferon treatment. A report of four cases
Authors: D. TEILLAC-HAMEL, Y. PROST, C. BODEMER, P. ANDRY, O. ENJOLRAS, G. SEBAG, F. BRUNELLE, P. HUBERT, C. NIHOUL-FEKETE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Over a 4‐year period, we managed four children with alarming haemangiomas (two cases of Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome and two life‐threatening haemangiomas). Systemic steroid therapy was ineffective. Other treatments (radiotherapy, anti‐platelet drugs) were also ineffective in the Kasabach‐Merritt patients. On the basis of recent reports on the effects of interferon on endothelial cells, we used alpha‐2 interferon therapy, but obtained no response.
Seasonal variation in deep vein thrombosis
Authors: H. Bounameaux, L. Hicklin, S. Desmarais
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In many temperate countries coronary events and stroke, as well as related deaths, are more common in winter than in summer.1 Fatal pulmonary embolism has also been reported more often in winter.2 3 This might be linked to changes in coagulation factors4 and to peripheral vasoconstriction, leading to reduced blood flow in the legs.5 Alternatively, venous stasis due to vasodilatation is greatest in summer. These uncertainties prompted us to study the seasonal distribution of deep vein thrombosis of the legs by reviewing the month of presentation of all patients with this diagnosis referred to our vascular laboratory over six years.

All files coded as “suspected” deep vein thrombosis (n=7303, mean (SD) age 63 (19), 58% women, 85% medical patients) or “confirmed” deep vein …
Abstract 2690: Evaluation of the hemostatic status in patients with prostate cancer using thromboelastography and tissue factor- microparticles
Authors: Mazen Toukh, Angela Black, Robert D. Siemens, Maha Othman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Coagulopathy is reported as the second most common cause of death from cancers, particularly prostate cancer. DVT and pulmonary embolism are two major thrombotic complications in prostate cancer and the risk is even higher with chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a global hemeostatic test that detects and specifies the type of coagulopathy encountered through a vesicoelastic trace that reflects the kinetics of the clot from the initial fibrin thread till and fibrinolysis. We performed a hemostatic study in 27 patients (age range 59-88 years) diagnosed with prostate cancer at various stages (metastatic and non-metastatic) as compared to a control group (n=9) matching the same age range and with -ve pathology for prostate cancer. The study included whole blood TEG and flow cytometry analysis of microprticles (MPs) in plasma using Annexin V- FITC and anti-tissue factor - PE. Analysis of the data revealed hypercoagulable state in all patients except two who were maintained on coumadin as prophylaxis for previous DVT. Hypercoagulability was indicated by shorter R time, increased alpha angle, MA and clot index. The mean values for TEG parameters in the patients were: R: 6.01 vs 9.8 minutes in the control group, alpha angle: 68.3 vs 53.1 degrees in controls, MA: 69.3 vs 57.9 mm in controls, and CI: 3.32 vs 0.7 in controls. Paired student t test showed significant differences as regards R time (P=0.009), MA (p=0.053) and CI (P=0.051). Microparticle assay revealed significant elevation in the number of microparticles carrying tissue factor in the patient group compared to the control group (p=0.05). The mean plasma TF-MPs in patient group was 5,142 MPs/uL compared to 2,914 MPs/ uL in the control group suggesting a link between elevated tissue factor and hypercoagulability observed in these patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the use of TEG in patients with prostate cancer. TEG is a relatively simple test that uses a small volume of blood and can be a useful tool for evaluation of patients’ thrombotic potential and may help identification of those who may require anticoagulant prophylaxis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2690. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2690
Medical Sickness, Annuity, and Life Assurance Society
Authors: E. Hart, C. J. Drummond
Journal: BMJ (1892)

were communicated with, and in response, about 100 have either become corresponding members, or have nominated some punior surgeon or anaesthetist to represent them.The organisation of the work in London, Edinburgh, and Dublin was entrusted to subcommittees.In London there are over 50 observers at work in the dif- ferent hospitals, a similar number in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen, and a considerable number in Dublin.In order to make the observations as simple and uniform as possible, a record book was