tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE VARYING BLOOD LEVELS AFFORDED BY PENICILLINS F, G, K, AND X IN RABBITS AND MAN
Authors: Harry Eagle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

1. In both man and rabbit, penicillin X provided higher and more sustained blood levels than did penicillins F or G similarly administered in equal dosage (0.6 mg. per kg.); while penicillin K gave lower and evanescent levels. (a) One hour after intramuscular injection, the blood levels in rabbits averaged 0.11, 0.18, 0.02, and 0.33 for F, G, K, and X, respectively; and levels of 0.1 mg. per kg. were sustained for 1, 1.4,0.5, and 2.1 hours, respectively. (b) In man, the blood levels of G, K, and X averaged 0.23, 0.16, and 0.37 mg. per kg. 1 hour after intramuscular injections at 0.6 mg. per kg., and 0.11, 0.02, and 0.15 mg. per kg. 1 hour after intravenous injection. (c) In man, a level of 0.1 microgram per cc. was sustained for 1.6, 1.2, and 2.3 hours after the intramuscular injection of G, K, and X, respectively, and for 1, 0.5, and 1.3 hours after their intravenous injection. 2. The total urinary recovery of penicillins F, G, and X varied between 68 and 100 per cent, averaging 61, 87, and 74 per cent, respectively, in rabbits. In man, the urinary recovery of G and X averaged 86 and 93 per cent, respectively. In sharp contrast, the urinary recovery of penicillin K averaged 33 per cent in seven rabbits and 28 per cent in six human volunteers. The major portion of the penicillin appeared in the first 30 to 60 minutes. This suggests a rapid inactivation of penicillin K in vivo. 3. The therapeutic significance of these data is discussed in the text, and in greater detail in the following paper.
Stopping an Epidemic of Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
Authors: David Hutt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Stopping an Epidemic of Clostridium difficile DiarrheaDavid Hutt, MDDavid Hutt, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pear and colleagues [1] describe a nosocomial outbreak of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea that decreased promptly after clindamycin was removed from their formulary.This conclusion would gain further credibility if the authors could provide data on hospital use of metronidazole before and after removal of clindamycin. In the sudden absence of clindamycin, one could easily imagine an abrupt increase in metronidazole use as an alternative for empiric or specific treatment of anaerobic infection. Because oral and intravenous metronidazole are active against C. difficile, an increase in the use of this agent could conceivably cause a reduced hospital burden ...REFERENCE1. Pear SM, Williamson TH, Bettin KM, Gerding DN, Galgiani JN. Decrease in nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea by restricting clindamycin use. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:272-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 307KeywordsClindamycinClostridiumClostridium difficileDiarrhea Issue Published: 15 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effects of self poisoning with maprotiline.
Authors: K Knudsen, A Heath
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Self poisoning with maprotiline was studied in 41 patients (43 episodes) consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit. Thirty five patients had taken more than one drug or alcohol. Fifteen patients were in coma grade III or IV; 17 patients were still not conscious after 24 hours in the intensive care unit. Among six patients given ventilation the mean duration of ventilation in the five who recovered was 36 hours. Three patients had a cardiorespiratory arrest, and one patient died. Twenty eight patients had a QRS interval of 100 ms or more, and 15 patients had seizures. In six patients seizures were precipitated by physostigmine. Cardiotoxicity after overdosage of maprotiline is equal to if not greater than that found after overdosage of conventional tricyclic antidepressants. Overdosage of maprotiline is more often associated with seizures than overdosage with tricyclic antidepressants. Physostigmine further increases the risk of seizures and should not be used in cases of overdosage of maprotiline.
Advances in Imaging and the Management of Myeloma Bone Disease
Authors: Evangelos Terpos, Lia A. Moulopoulos, Meletios A. Dimopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Osteolytic disease is a major complication of multiple myeloma that may lead to devastating skeletal-related events (SREs). Conventional radiography remains the gold standard for the evaluation of bone disease in patients with myeloma. However, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended in patients with normal conventional radiography and should be performed as part of staging in all patients with a solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Urgent MRI is also the diagnostic procedure of choice to assess suspected cord compression, whereas computed tomography can guide tissue biopsy. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography can provide complementary information to MRI, but its use in multiple myeloma must be better defined by further studies. The incorporation of abnormal MRI findings into the definition of symptomatic myeloma also needs to be clarified. Bisphosphonates remain the cornerstone for the management of myeloma bone disease. Intravenous pamidronate and zoledronic acid are equally effective in reducing SREs, whereas zoledronic acid seems to offer survival benefits in symptomatic patients. Caution is needed to avoid adverse events, such as renal impairment and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Novel antiresorptive agents, such as denosumab, have given encouraging results, but further studies are needed before their approval for managing myeloma bone disease. Combination approaches with novel antimyeloma agents, such as bortezomib (which has anabolic effects on bone) with bisphosphonates or with drugs that enhance osteoblast function, such as antidickkopf-1 agents, antisclerostin drugs, or sotatercept, may favorably alter our way of managing myeloma bone disease in the near future.
A clinical and histochemical study of cholestasis
Authors: V. J. Desmet, A.-M. Bullens, J. De Groote
Journal: Gut (1970)

A histochemical study of conjugated and total bilirubin was made on liver biopsies of 150 patients. Three types of cholestasis were defined: type I, characterized by the presence of intracellular pigment granules in the hepatocytes; type II, showing intracellular granules and extracellular thrombi (this group may be subdivided according to the eventual presence of coarse pigment deposits in the parenchymal cells); and type III, showing intracellular granules, extracellular thrombi, and also bile pigment in the Kupffer cells. The fine liver cell granules correspond mainly to conjugated bilirubin, whereas the coarse deposits usually contain unconjugated pigment. The extracellular thrombi mostly contain conjugated bilirubin; the Kupffer cell pigment is predominantly of the unconjugated type. In cholestasis types II and III a diffuse directly reacting pigment is also observed. The finding of unconjugated pigment in different locations and the eventual deconjugation by beta-glucuronidase is discussed. A correlation was found between the different types of cholestasis, the level of bilirubinaemia, and its dynamic evolution. This suggests that the proposed types of cholestasis may represent successive stages of increasing cholestasis. The type of cholestasis and the nature of the pigment are largely independent of the aetiology. It is shown that a large percentage of minor degrees of cholestasis is missed when only conventional histological methods are used. The mechanisms by which morphological cholestasis is brought about are discussed in the light of the present findings.
A Voluntary National Examining Board.
Authors: William R. Lowman
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Orangeburg, S. C., June 3, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It strikes me that the idea of a Voluntary National Board of Medical Examiners would be feasible. There might be a central examining board at Washington, consisting of leaders in the profession, while there could be subsidiary boards holding their meeting in various geographical centers of the country, say at New York, Chicago, Atlanta, St. Louis and Denver. These subsidiary boards (as well as the central board at Washington if desirable) could be elected by the National Confederation of State Medical Examining and Licensing Boards, and should consist of members of the state examining boards or men suggested by said boards—one for each state in each subsidiary district. The central board at Washington could be elected by the American Medical Association or the Confederation from recognized professional leaders. Under this arrangement the local or stateboards could recognize the certificates of the
CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: THEODORE E. HAUSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1960)

Case Reports1 October 1960CRYPTOCOCCOSIS: A CASE REPORTTHEODORE E. HAUSER, M.D., F.A.C.P.THEODORE E. HAUSER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-53-4-816 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCryptococcosis is a rather uncommon infection which may be either subacute or chronic, and may involve many organs. Almost invariably there is a terminal meningitis.1Human infections have been found throughout the world; in the United States, they are found chiefly in the southern states. They have also been found in many species of animals, including the dog, cat, horse, cow, guinea pig, monkey and fox. The evidence points to a saprophytic existence of the yeast, independent of human or animal infection. There is no evidence of cross-infection, or of spread from animal to animal or man to man.Dr....Bibliography1. Dubos RJ: Bacterial and mycotic infections of man, 1948, J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia. Google Scholar2. : Cryptococcosis, National Institutes of Health, Ann. Int. Med. 49: 642, 1958. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Levin EA: Torula infection of the central nervous system, Arch. Int. Med. 59: 667-684, 1937. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. LittmanZimmerman MLLE: Cryptococcosis, torulosis or European blastomycosis, 1956, Grune & Stratton, New York. Google Scholar5. Shields LH: Disseminated cryptococcosis producing a sarcoid type reaction, Arch. Int. Med. 104: 763-770 (Nov.) 1959. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Steinberg I: Fatal fungus infection in sarcoidosis: report of two cases treated with antibiotics and cortisone, Ann. Int. Med. 48: 1359-1372 (June) 1958. LinkGoogle Scholar7. GendelEndeNorman BRMSL: Cryptococcosis: a review with special reference to apparent association with Hodgkin's disease, Am. J. Med. 9: 343, 1950. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. KuykendallEllisWeedDonoghue SJFHLAFE: Pulmonary cryptococcosis, New England J. Med. 257: 1009-1016 (Nov. 21) 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Carlsbad, New Mexico*Received for publication December 22, 1959.Presented at the Regional Meeting of The American College of Physicians, Albuquerque, New Mexico, December 5, 1959.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Theodore E. Hauser, M. D., North Mesa Medical Group, 906 West Pierce Street, Carlsbad, New Mexico. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrimary pulmonary cryptococcosis 1 October 1960Volume 53, Issue 4Page: 816-822KeywordsCryptococcosisGuinea pigsMeningesMeningitisNeurosurgeryPathologistsSarcoidosisTuberculosisUreaYeast infections Issue Published: 1 October 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HERITABLE HAPTOGLOBIN GROUPS OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: A. G. Bearn, E. C. Franklin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Ultracentrifugal studies of the alpha(2)-proteins of normal human serum before and after the addition of hemoglobin have revealed three separate and clearly distinguishable patterns based on the three major serum haptoglobin groups. Isolation of the three haptoglobin hemoglobin complexes disclosed characteristic patterns for each group. The heterozygote was found to possess electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal components not seen in either homozygote. Separation of normal human serum, to which hemoglobin had been added, by conventional starch zone electrophoresis resulted in three characteristic patterns which also permitted the ready identification of the serum haptoglobin group. The haptoglobin hemoglobin complex from Group 1-1 had the fastest mobility and that of Group 2-2 the slowest. The heterozygote Group 2-1 had an intermediate mobility. Immunologic differences between the haptoglobin hemoglobin complexes of the three groups could not be detected. Some of the variations in the reported electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal patterns of normal human serum could be reasonably ascribed to the group variation of the haptoglobins in man. The physical studies imply that the proteins characteristic of the heterozygote differ in size and charge from those present in either of the two homozygotes and indicate that the genetic control of the synthesis of the serum haptoglobins is probably exceedingly complex.
Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutic Agents in Clinical and Laboratory Practice
Authors: F. Robert Fekety
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Intended as a practical guide for physicians, laboratory workers, and students, this book purports to bring together in comprehensive and usable form the present fund of knowledge in this highly complex field. While it has some utility to workers in the field, it unfortunately falls far short of its goals. The primary defect is that the author discusses too many complicated subjects in a superficial way. About 30 pages are devoted to the use of antibiotics in specific diseases. While the author emphasizes that only summaries are presented, the fact remains that the section resembles a cookbook as much as anything else. Some of the recipes are very bad indeed. For example, colistin plus penicillin is recommended for enterococcal septicemia or meningitis. The general recommendation for septicemia is two antibiotics, one to be given intravenously at triple dose. No further details are provided. For acute meningitis, intravenous hydrocortisone is recommended
Topical chemotherapy of actinic keratoses of the upper extremity with tretinoin and 5-fluorouracil: a double-blind controlled study
Authors: L. BERCOVITCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Topical chemotherapy of actinic keratoses of the upper extremity with tretinoin and 5‐fluorouracil: a double‐blind controlled study Get access L. BERCOVITCH L. BERCOVITCH Skin Tumor Clinic, Southwood Community Hospital, Division of Neponset Valley Health Systems, Norfolk, Massachusetts and Division of Dermatology, Section of Medicine, Brown University Program in Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A. Dr. L.Bercovitch, 966 Park Street, Stoughton, Massachusetts 02072, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 116, Issue 4, 1 April 1987, Pages 549–552, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb05876.x Published: 01 April 1987
Opportunistic infection during treatment with low dose methotrexate.
Authors: G P LeMense, S A Sahn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Two patients receiving low dose methotrexate, one with rheumatoid arthritis and the other with pityriasis rubra pilaris, developed disseminated histoplasmosis and Mycobacterium avium intracellulare pneumonia, respectively. Twenty-three cases of opportunistic infection in patients receiving low dose methotrexate have been reported previously, with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia being the most common infection (10 of 23, 43%). Patients receiving low dose methotrexate are at risk for opportunistic infection despite normal leukocyte counts.
Overproduction of NOX-derived ROS in AML promotes proliferation and is associated with defective oxidative stress signaling
Authors: Paul S. Hole, Joanna Zabkiewicz, Chinmay Munje, Zarabeth Newton, Lorna Pearn, Paul White, Nuria Marquez, Robert K. Hills, Alan K. Burnett, Alex Tonks, Richard L. Darley
Journal: Blood (2013)
TARGETED LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD PLACEMENT USING SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IMPROVES THE ACUTE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Fakhar Z. Khan, Munmohan S. Virdee, David Begley, Peter J. Pugh, Philip A. Read, Simon P. Fynn, David P. Dutka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Society for the Promotion Of Involuntary Tranquilization (SPIT)
Authors: Denis Abelson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—   increasing outbreak of violence in the community demands that we take action without further delay. Accordingly, I wish to bring to the attention of your readers the existence of a new organization, of which I have the honor to be President. I refer to the Society for the Promotion of Involuntary  (SPIT).  alternative designation, The Society for Humane Involuntary Tranquilization was rejected for obvious reasons.  object of SPIT is to advocate the universal adulteration of drinking water with tranquilizers. Chlordiazepoxide, because of its low toxicity, would perhaps be most appropriate, although several others would doubtless be equally suitable. Combined with fluorides, a simultaneous attack on both mental and dental decay could be mounted.  effects of tranquilizers have been amply demonstrated not only in humans but also in naturally fierce predators, such as the gorilla. Not least among the beneficial results in man
Delta Hearing Handicap and Presbycusis Software
Authors: Kevin T. Kavanagh
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I would like to respond to the reviewers' five major criticisms of the Delta Hearing Handicap and Presbycusis Software.<sup>1</sup>The most important criticism was the reviewers' statement that the software should use either the International Organization for Standardization [ISO]-1099 or NIOSH standards instead of the "rather archaic" Robinson-Sutton's and Spoor's equations. The reference to ISO-1099 is in error, since this standard is entitled "Metal Axial Load Fatigue Testing." The following remarks will refer to ISO 1999-01-15. The software is designed to predict the component of a hearing loss which is not due to occupational noise exposure. Both "highly screened" (to eliminate subjects with noiseinduced hearing loss) and "less-screened" data sets are available in this literature for this purpose. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health standards and Annex B of ISO-1999 are from less-screened populations.<sup>2</sup>The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health standards
Hemochromatosis and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Jerome L. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Miller and Hutchins<sup>1</sup>find no increased coronary artery disease (CAD) in a sample of autopsy subjects with hemochromatosis. The degree of CAD in a small, potentially nonrepresentative subset of patients identified at autopsy may underestimate the degree of CAD in hemochromatosis. If the 47 961 autopsy subjects were a random population sample, one in 200 (or about 240) cases of hereditary hemochromatosis would be expected, many more than the 33 cases found. The 47961 subjects may have actually included more than 240 unidentified hemochromatosis cases. Hemochromatosis is notorious for presenting with confusing signs and symptoms. Premortem diagnostic confusion in cases of hemochromatosis may have preferentially led to the decision to perform autopsy. Before concluding that there is no increase in coronary atherosclerosis in hemochromatosis, Miller and Hutchins should have carefully excluded the possibility that selection of cases for autopsy preferentially included cases of hemochromatosis with
Detection of PICALM-MLLT10 (CALM-AF10) and outcome in children with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: L Lo Nigro, E Mirabile, M Tumino, C Caserta, G Cazzaniga, C Rizzari, D Silvestri, B Buldini, E Barisone, F Casale, M Luciani, F Locatelli, C Messina, C Micalizzi, A Pession, R Parasole, N Santoro, G Masera, G Basso, M Aricò, M Valsecchi, A Biondi, V Conter
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Evaluation of aztreonam in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Javier Ariza, Francisco Gudiol, Carlos Dolz, Javier Xiol, Josefina Liñares, Jorge Bosch, Roman Pallares
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

To determine the efficacy of aztreonam in the treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, 14 patients (7 males, 7 females) with 16 Gram-negative infective episodes (12 Escherichia coli and 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae) were treated with aztreonam infusions at doses of 1 gm per 8 hr for a planned 14-day period. Ages ranged from 40 to 75 years with a mean of 57 +/- 10 years. All organisms were highly susceptible to aztreonam (minimal inhibitory concentration less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.12 micrograms per ml). Serum antibiotic levels were 61.9 +/- 25.5 micrograms per ml (peak) and 27 +/- 18.5 micrograms per ml (trough). Ascitic fluid antibiotic levels were 33.6 +/- 22.5 micrograms per ml (peak) and 32.7 +/- 16.8 micrograms per ml (trough). Although the symptoms of infection were controlled within 3 days and ascitic fluid cultures became negative after 48 hr, 10 patients (62.5%) died, with hepatorenal syndrome and digestive tract hemorrhage as the principal causes of death. Three patients developed streptococcal superinfections during treatment; Streptococcus faecalis peritonitis in one case and spontaneous bacteremia due to Streptococcus equinus and Streptococcus mutans in the other two. Aztreonam was well tolerated and clinically and bacteriologically efficacious in controlling the infection. Serum and ascitic fluid levels were considerably higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration for the causative organisms, suggesting that lower doses may achieve suitable therapeutic levels. A negative aspect of the antibiotic therapy was the superinfections. The high mortality rate was attributable to the generally poor underlying condition of the patients.
10-year survey of 485 sterilisations. Part I--Sterilisation or hysterectomy?
Authors: R G Whitelaw
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A survey was made of all sterilisations performed in an obstetric and gynaecological unit in Dunfermline in 1965-74 to determine the outcome and complications. Altogether 547 women were sterilised by the modified Pomeroy method, and 485 (88.7%) were interviewed and examined. No sterilisation was followed by serious complications, and the incidence of even minor complications was low (4.12%). There were no subsequent pregnancies. Altogether 57 women had to be referred for gynaecological operations in the years after sterilisation but only 18 of these had to have hysterectomies. At interview 59 women were found to have gynaecological symptoms (menstrual disorders in 46), and examination showed that 83 women had a gynaecological condition, which was in most cases unsuspected by the patient. Most of these conditions were minor but three women had carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix. Although 46 women suffered menstrual disorders after sterilisation 104 had done so at some time before the operation. These results therefore offer little support for the wider use of hysterectomy as a form of sterilisation.