tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Endoscopic Reference Score for eosinophilic esophagitis: moderate to substantial intra- and interobserver reliability
Authors: Bram van Rhijn, Marijn Warners, Wouter Curvers, Anja van Lent, Noor Bekkali, R. Takkenberg, Jaap Kloek, Jacques Bergman, Paul Fockens, Albert Bredenoord
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Recently the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) for endoscopic assessment of eosinophilic esophagitis was introduced, with good interobserver agreement for most signs. The EREFS has not yet been evaluated by other investigators and intraobserver agreement has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to further validate the EREFS by assessing interobserver and intraobserver agreement of endoscopic signs in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. <b>Patients and methods:</b> High-quality endoscopic images were made of the esophagus of 30 patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (age 36 years, range 23 – 46 years; 5 female), 6 of whom were in remission. At least three depersonalized images per patient were incorporated into a slideshow. Images were scored by four expert and four trainee endoscopists who were blinded to the patients' conditions. Interobserver agreement was assessed. After 4 weeks, the images were rescored in a different order to assess intraobserver agreement. <b>Results: </b>Interobserver agreement was substantial for rings (κ 0.70), white exudates (κ 0.63), and crepe paper esophagus (κ 0.62), moderate for furrows (κ 0.49) and strictures (κ 0.54), and slight for edema (κ 0.12). Intraobserver agreement was substantial for rings (median κ 0.64, IQR 0.46 – 0.70), furrows (median κ 0.69, IQR 0.50 – 0.89), and crepe paper esophagus (median κ 0.69, IQR 0.62 – 0.83), moderate for white exudates (median κ 0.58, IQR 0.54 – 0.71) and strictures (median κ 0.54, IQR 0.33 – 0.70), and less than chance for edema (median κ 0.00, IQR 0.00 – 0.29). Inter- and intraobserver agreement was not substantially different between expert and trainee endoscopists. <b>Conclusions:</b> Using the EREFS, endoscopic signs of eosinophilic esophagitis were scored consistently by expert and trainee endoscopists.
Molecular events in allergic inflammation: experimental models and possible modulation
Authors: Giorgio Walter Canonica, Giorgio Ciprandi, Giovanni Passalacqua, Giampaola Pesce, Antonio Scordamaglia, Marcello Bagnasco
Journal: Allergy (1997)

In recent years, a complex molecular network involving cytokines kinins and adhesion molecules has been demonstrated to operate in allergic inflammation. In particular, the adhesion machinery plays a crucial role for the recruitment and locomotion of the inflammatory cells and the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) is a hallmark of the allergic inflammatory process. The role and possible modulation of ICAM‐1 can be investigated using both eye and nose experimental models. Conjunctiva and nasal epithelium are easy to study either under natural allergen exposure or after specific/aspecific provocation tests; furthermore the nasal/conjuctival challenge is well tolerated by the patients. These experimental models have allowed us to investigate in vivo the antiallergic properties of several compounds. Many of the new antihistamines, but also deflazacort and local nasal immunotherapy, were demonstrated capable of reducing both inflammatory infiltration and ICAM‐1 expression on epithelia. Because of the central role of adhesion molecules in allergic inflammation, their pharmacological modulation can be regarded as a promising therapeutic approach.
STATE MEDICINE: ITS FOUNDATION, SUPERSTRUCTURE AND SCOPE.INCLUDING A SCHEME FOR A PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM ADAPTED TO COUNTIES, STATES AND THE NATION.
Authors: W. H. SANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

I should be unpatriotic and uncivil did I not deeply realize and warmly announce that this is historic ground. Here, more than a century ago, principles were proclaimed and deeds done that flashed on the world like a lightning stroke and illumined the way to liberty and law with a brilliancy that startled kings and potentates on their ancestral but treacherous thrones. Those principles found fertile soil in the courageous bosoms of colonists, who, embodying them in their creeds, vindicated them with their valor and their blood. Near by are Plymouth Rock, Dorchester Heights, Boston Common, Bunker Hill, Cambridge, Concord and Lexington—all names that have helped to kindle the fires of patriotism in the bosoms of succeeding generations of American school boys and to keep them burning until at the close of loyal lives their bodies were laid away in the soil they so early learned to love so well.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator: A chloride channel with novel regulation
Authors: Michael J. Welsh, Matthew P. Anderson, Devra P. Rich, Herbert A. Berger, Gerene M. Denning, Lynda S. Ostedgaard, David N. Sheppard, Seng H. Cheng, Richard J. Gregory, Alan E. Smith
Journal: Neuron (1992)
BCG: A Note of Caution
Authors: Avrum Z. Bluming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

An enthusiastic lay press has studded the vocabulary of the general public with immunologic jargon, frequently keeping patients and physicians equally abreast of the promising results of experimental tumor immunotherapy. There is little difficulty understanding the excitement generated in a cancer-prone population by the experimental results to date, particularly with reference to BCG. In animal tumor systems, for example, investigations have shown that prophylactic BCG immunization can definitely suppress development of transplanted antigenic tumors,1 that established cutaneous tumors (and in some cases lymph-node metastases) regress after intralesional BCG,2 and that implants of pulmonary sarcomas may be suppressed by intravenous BCG . . .
Prophylactic antibiotics for the prevention of neutropenic fever in patients undergoing autologous stem‐cell transplantation: Results of a single institution, randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Evangelos Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou, Evangelos Kostis, Magda Migkou, Dimitrios Christoulas, Evangelos Terpos, Maria Gavriatopoulou, Maria Roussou, Evangelos Bournakis, Efstathios Kastritis, Eleni Efstathiou, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Christos A. Papadimitriou
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

One hundred and fifty-seven patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for hematopoietic malignancies and solid tumors were randomly assigned to receive (Group A) or not (Group B) prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin, orally, and vancomycin, intravenously. Prophylactic antibiotics were given from day 0 until resolution of neutropenia or the appearance of a febrile event. Furthermore, patients in both groups received once a day fluconazole, orally. The primary end-point of our study was the incidence of neutropenic febrile episodes attributed to infection. One hundred and twelve (71.3%) patients developed neutropenic fever, 50 (56.2%) in Group A and 62 (91.2%) in Group B (P < 0.001) with the majority (82%) of patients developing fever of unknown origin. Patients on prophylactic antibiotics had a significantly lower rate of bacteremias (5.6%) than did those randomized to no prophylaxis (29.4%) (P = 0.005) and, when developing neutropenic fever, they had a lower probability of response to first-line empirical antibiotics (P = 0.025). Prophylactic administration of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin reduced the incidence of neutropenic fever in patients receiving HDT with ASCT, however, without affecting the total interval of hospitalization, time to engraftment, or all-cause mortality. Therefore, our results do not support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing HDT and ASCT.
Mitral regurgitation following mitral balloon valvotomy. Differing mechanisms for severe versus mild-to-moderate lesions.
Authors: M R Essop, T Wisenbaugh, J Skoularigis, S Middlemost, P Sareli
Journal: Circulation (1991)

This study was designed to evaluate the incidence and mechanisms of mitral regurgitation following mitral balloon valvotomy (MBV) in 40 consecutive patients with symptomatic tight pliable mitral stenosis.Transthoracic echocardiography with color flow mapping was performed before and 24 hours after the procedure. Patients who developed significant mitral regurgitation following MBV also underwent transesophageal echocardiography. The relation between increased mitral regurgitation and both valvular morphology and procedure-related factors was examined. Gorlin mitral valve area increased from 0.81 +/- 0.3 to 1.95 +/- 0.7 cm2 (p less than 0.001). No patient had more than 2+ mitral regurgitation by angiography and color Doppler prior to MBV. There was a moderate correlation between Doppler and angiographic increase in mitral regurgitation (r = 0.73, p less than 0.0001). By Doppler criteria 33 patients had no (n = 6) or mild (n = 27) increase in mitral regurgitation (group 1), and seven developed significant new mitral regurgitation (group 2). Baseline clinical, echocardiographic, and procedure-related data for the two groups were similar. Multiple regression analysis did not select any individual valve characteristic (valvular thickening, mobility, calcification, and subvalvular disease), total echocardiographic score, balloon diameter, or ratio of balloon to mitral annular diameter as disruption with a torn anterior or posterior mitral leaflet in six and a ruptured papillary muscle in one. Two of these patients have required mitral valve replacement (6 and 9 months following the procedure), whereas the remainder are significantly symptomatic. By contrast, mitral regurgitation in group 1 either occurred at the site of commissural split (n = 20) or was associated with prolapse of the anterior mitral leaflet (n = 6).Thus, severe new mitral regurgitation following MBV is due to noncommissural tearing of the mitral leaflet and confers an adverse long-term prognosis. A mild increase in mitral regurgitation following MBV is frequent and occurs at the site of commissural split or is associated with prolapse of the anterior leaflet. Furthermore, in this study, an increase in mitral regurgitation could not be predicted from any valvular or procedure-related factor.
Natural solutions to the problem of functional integration
Authors: Christian G. Habeck, Ramesh Srinivasan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Current EEG research emphasizes gamma band coherence as a signature of functional integration, that is, the solution to the binding problem. We note that spatial patterns of coherent neural activity are also observed at other EEG frequencies. If these oscillations reflect Nunez's resonant modes, they offer a solution to the binding problem that emerges naturally from the architecture of cortical connections.
The Differential Burden of Blindness in the United States
Authors: Johanna M. Seddon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

IN a series of papers from the Baltimore Eye Survey, Sommer and colleagues have confirmed that the leading causes of blindness in the United States are cataract, primary open-angle glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration.1 2 3 4 5 The results show differences in the race-specific rates of blindness that raise fundamental questions about the U.S. system of medical eye care and its availability to black Americans. In their population-based survey, age-adjusted rates of bilateral blindness were 1.75 percent among blacks and 0.76 percent among whites.2 In a study in this issue of the Journal, Sommer et al. report that among those under the . . .
Climate Change and Human Health Impacts in the United States: An Update on the Results of the U.S. National Assessment
Authors: Kristie L. Ebi, David M. Mills, Joel B. Smith, Anne Grambsch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The health sector component of the first U.S. National Assessment, published in 2000, synthesized the anticipated health impacts of climate variability and change for five categories of health outcomes: impacts attributable to temperature, extreme weather events (e.g., storms and floods) , air pollution, water- and food-borne diseases, and vector- and rodent-borne diseases. The Health Sector Assessment (HSA) concluded that climate variability and change are likely to increase morbidity and mortality risks for several climate-sensitive health outcomes, with the net impact uncertain. The objective of this study was to update the first HSA based on recent publications that address the potential impacts of climate variability and change in the United States for the five health outcome categories. The literature published since the first HSA supports the initial conclusions, with new data refining quantitative exposure-response relationships for several health end points, particularly for extreme heat events and air pollution. The United States continues to have a very high capacity to plan for and respond to climate change, although relatively little progress has been noted in the literature on implementing adaptive strategies and measures. Large knowledge gaps remain, resulting in a substantial need for additional research to improve our understanding of how weather and climate, both directly and indirectly, can influence human health. Filling these knowledge gaps will help better define the potential health impacts of climate change and identify specific public health adaptations to increase resilience.
Alternative Treatments of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause
Authors: Jonathan R. Byron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters4 September 2007Alternative Treatments of Vasomotor Symptoms of MenopauseJonathan R. Byron, PhDJonathan R. Byron, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-5-200709040-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The dosages used in Newton and colleagues' study (1)—160 mg/d of black cohosh root or 200 mg/d of black cohosh and other botanicals—are much lower than those taken by many women. Some commonly used supplements contain 500 mg or more of Cimicifuga racemosa root per capsule, and multiple capsules are taken per day. A daily dose that is 10 times larger than that used in the experiment is not unusual. Assuming that there is a dose dependency to previously demonstrated phytoestrogen properties of black cohosh, it is unfortunate that Newton and colleagues' study only looked at relatively ...Reference1. Newton KM, Reed SD, LaCroix AZ, Grothaus LC, Ehrlich K, Guiltinan J. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:869-79. [PMID: 17179056] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTreatment of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause with Black Cohosh, Multibotanicals, Soy, Hormone Therapy, or Placebo Katherine M. Newton , Susan D. Reed , Andrea Z. LaCroix , Louis C. Grothaus , Kelly Ehrlich , and Jane Guiltinan Alternative Treatments of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause Katherine M. Newton , Susan D. Reed , and Andrea Z. LaCroix Alternative Treatments of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause Jonathan P. Krueger Alternative Treatments of Vasomotor Symptoms of Menopause Baoming Ge Metrics Cited byTwo new triterpenoid-chromone hybrids from the rhizomes of Actaea cimicifuga L. (syn. Cimicifuga foetida L.) and their cytotoxic activitiesHypericum perforatum L. preparations for menopause: a meta-analysis of efficacy and safety 4 September 2007Volume 147, Issue 5Page: 346-347KeywordsConflicts of interestMenopauseResearch design ePublished: 4 September 2007 Issue Published: 4 September 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Immunohistochemical localisation of vitamin B12 R-binder in the human digestive tract.
Authors: H Kudo, M Inada, G Ohshio, Y Wakatsuki, K Ogawa, Y Hamashima, T Miyake
Journal: Gut (1987)

The distribution of vitamin B12 R-binder in the human digestive tract was studied using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Positive staining for R-binder was found in the mucous cells and ductal epithelial cells of the salivary glands and the oesophageal glands. In normal gastric mucosa, no positive staining for R-binder was found, but in the area with intestinal metaplasia, the columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells showed positive staining. Epithelial cells of the gallbladder, intrahepatic bile ducts and pancreatic ducts were also positive for R-binder. In the small intestine and colon, R-binder was found in the columnar epithelial cells and goblet cells. The measurement of unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity and cobalamin content in the extracts from intestinal mucosa also indicated the presence of R-binder in the intestinal mucosa.
Sepsis-induced suppression of lung innate immunity is mediated by IRAK-M
Authors: Jane C. Deng, Genhong Cheng, Michael W. Newstead, Xianying Zeng, Koichi Kobayashi, Richard A. Flavell, Theodore J. Standiford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Sepsis results in a state of relative immunosuppression, rendering critically ill patients susceptible to secondary infections and increased mortality. Monocytes isolated from septic patients and experimental animals display a "deactivated" phenotype, characterized by impaired inflammatory and antimicrobial responses, including hyporesponsiveness to LPS. We investigated the role of the LPS/TLR4 axis and its inhibitor, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), in modulating the immunosuppression of sepsis using a murine model of peritonitis-induced sepsis followed by secondary challenge by intratracheal Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Septic mice demonstrated impaired alveolar macrophage function and increased mortality when challenged with intratracheal Pseudomonas as compared with nonseptic controls. TLR2 and TLR4 expression was unchanged in the lung following sepsis, whereas levels of IRAK-M were upregulated. Macrophages from IRAK-M-deficient septic mice produced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines ex vivo and greater costimulatory molecule expression in vivo as compared with those of their WT counterparts. Following sepsis and secondary intrapulmonary bacterial challenge, IRAK-M(-/-) animals had higher survival rates and improved bacterial clearance from lung and blood compared with WT mice. In addition, increased pulmonary chemokine and inflammatory cytokine production was observed in IRAK-M(-/-) animals, leading to enhanced neutrophil recruitment to airspaces. Collectively, these findings indicate that IRAK-M mediates critical aspects of innate immunity that result in an immunocompromised state during sepsis.
Growth Hormone and Addiction
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Audio Interview: Expanding Federal Funding for Embryonic Stem-Cell Research
Authors: Orrin G. Hatch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Senator Orrin G. Hatch on Expanding Federal Funding for Embryonic Stem-Cell Research. (07:57)Download On Wednesday, April 11, 2007, the U.S. Senate passed a bill that would loosen restrictions on federal funding of human embryonic stem-cell research. Entitled the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2007, the bill was supported by 63 senators, including 17 Republicans. During floor debate, Senator Orrin Hatch (R-UT) urged President George W. Bush to sign the bill into law, in order to facilitate the advancement of the promising field of embryonic stem-cell research.In this audio interview conducted by Rachel Gotbaum, Senator Hatch discusses his support, the opposition by President Bush and other Republicans, and the future of U.S. . . .
Corrigendum to “Antiviral therapy after complete response to chemotherapy could be efficacious in HCV-positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma” [J Hepatol 49 (2008) 557–563]
Authors: Vincenzo La Mura, Amalia De Renzo, Fabiana Perna, Diego D’Agostino, Mario Masarone, Marco Romano, Savino Bruno, Roberto Torella, Marcello Persico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Insulin-Resistant Diabetes with Insulin Receptor Autoantibodies in a Male Patient Without Acanghosis Nigricans
Authors: David Baldwin, Evonne Winston, Robert J Hoshizaki, John T Garland, David Baldwin, Henry H Holcomb, Jeffrey S Flier, Arthur Rubenstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

A 51-yr-old, nonobese, male patient presented with hyperglycemia and a recent 40-pound weight loss. Severe insulin resistance was documented in studies in which high amounts of insulin were infused using the Biostator GCIIS. Diabetic control was finally achieved with subcutaneous injections of 470 U of insulin per day. Positive laboratory findings included a mild pancytopenia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, decreased C3 and properdin, and increased IgA. Antinuclear or other autoantibodies were not present. Insulin antibody levels were within the range usually present in insulin-treated diabetic patients. Acanthosis nigricans was not present. Incubation of the patient's serum with IM-9 lymphoblastoid cells revealed that an insulin receptor antibody was present in a serum dilution of 1:80. Insulin-resistant diabetes mediated by insulin receptor antibodies may present in patients with immunologic findings but without overt dermatologic stigmata.
The Direct Coombs' Test: Its Clinical Significance
Authors: R. F. BOHNEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Over a 13-year period 178 patients were discovered to have a positive direct Coombs' test. A wide range of disease conditions, including collagen disorders, leukemia, lymphoma, and cancers, was found. In addition, several diseases infrequently associated with a positive direct Coombs' reaction were encountered, including pernicious anemia, ulcerative colitis, and demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. Two patients had previously unreported findings: Coombs'-positive hemolytic anemia after amphotericin B administration and Evans' syndrome with a spontaneously occurring anti-S antibody. Cases of interest are summarized and discussed. A significant number of these patients had anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and various serum protein abnormalities. Half of these patients had previous transfusions. The possible significance of transfusion in the production of the positive Coombs' reaction is discussed.