tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Interleukin 1β Enhance the Cortisone/Cortisol Shuttle
Authors: Geneviève Escher, Ivo Galli, Bannikuppe S. Vishwanath, Brigitte M. Frey, Felix J. Frey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

Endogenously released or exogenously administered glucocorticosteroids are relevant hormones for controlling inflammation. Only 11β-hydroxy glucocorticosteroids, but not 11-keto glucocorticosteroids, activate glucocorticoid receptors. Since we found that glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) express 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-OHSD1), which interconverts 11-keto glucocorticosteroids into 11β-hydroxy glucocorticosteroids (cortisone/cortisol shuttle), we explored whether 11β-OHSD1 determines the antiinflammatory effect of glucocorticosteroids. GMC exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release group II phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a key enzyme producing inflammatory mediators. 11β-hydroxy glucocorticosteroids inhibited cytokine-induced transcription and release of PLA2 through a glucocorticoid receptor–dependent mechanism. This inhibition was enhanced by inhibiting 11β-OHSD1. Interestingly, 11-keto glucocorticosteroids decreased cytokine-induced PLA2 release as well, a finding abrogated by inhibiting 11β-OHSD1. Stimulating GMC with IL-1β or TNF-α increased expression and reductase activity of 11β-OHSD1. Similarly, this IL-1β– and TNF-α–induced formation of active 11β-hydroxy glucocorticosteroids from inert 11-keto glucocorticosteroids by the 11β-OHSD1 was shown in the Kiki cell line that expresses the stably transfected bacterial β-galactosidase gene under the control of a glucocorticosteroids response element. Thus, we conclude that 11β-OHSD1 controls access of 11β-hydroxy glucocorticosteroids and 11-keto glucocorticosteroids to glucocorticoid receptors and thus determines the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticosteroids. IL-1β and TNF-α upregulate specifically the reductase activity of 11β-OHSD1 and counterbalance by that mechanism their own proinflammatory effect.
Sirolimus-Eluting Stents to Abolish Intimal Hyperplasia and Improve Flow in Porcine Arteriovenous Grafts
Authors: Joris I. Rotmans, Peter M.T. Pattynama, Hence J.M. Verhagen, Ichiro Hino, Evelyn Velema, Gerard Pasterkamp, Erik S.G. Stroes
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— The patency of arteriovenous (AV) expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) hemodialysis grafts is severely compromised by intimal hyperplasia (IH) at the venous anastomosis and in the venous outflow tract. We addressed the potential of primary placement of a sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) in a validated porcine model. Methods and Results— In 25 pigs, ePTFE AV grafts were created bilaterally between the carotid artery and the jugular vein, whereupon a self-expandable nitinol stent (14 SESs and 11 bare-metal stents) was implanted over the venous anastomosis in 1 of the 2 grafts. After exclusion of technical failures and 1 unilateral occlusion, 16 pigs (9 SESs and 7 bare-metal stents) were included for further analysis. After 28 days, we measured graft flow and performed quantitative angiography. The pigs were then euthanized, and grafts with adjacent vessels were excised for histological analysis. Minimal luminal diameter was substantially larger in the SES group compared with unstented controls (5.9±0.2 versus 3.8±0.4 mm, respectively, P =0.01), which was accompanied by more prominent graft flow (SES, 1360±89 mL/min versus unstented, 861±83 mL/min, P =0.05). IH at the venous anastomosis was 77% less in the SES group compared with unstented controls (0.44±0.05 versus 1.92±0.5 mm 2 , respectively, P =0.01), whereas IH increased markedly when bare-metal stents were used (5.7±1.4 mm 2 , P =0.05). Conclusions— SESs in the venous outflow of AV grafts significantly reduce IH and increase vessel diameter and graft flow compared with unstented grafts. These findings suggest that SESs have the potential to improve primary patency of AV grafts in hemodialysis patients.
Standards for Monitoring During Anesthesia at Harvard
Authors: Maxwell Weingarten
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  I would like to applaud Eichhorn et al 1 for their article on standards for patient monitoring during anesthesia. This article should provide a powerful impetus for the adoption of mandatory standards, as is currently being encouraged by the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Food and Drug Administration through their patient-safety videotapes.  In particular, the author's recommendation that ventilation  circulation be continuously monitored will certainly aid in the early detection of catastrophic events. However, the selection of only one parameter or the equivalent may be inadequate, and it is becoming increasingly evident that if outcome is to be changed, the adequacy of both ventilation and oxygenation must be monitored.  For example, palpation  observation of the reservoir breathing bag will not accurately differentiate hypoventilation  hyperventilation, an abnormal respiratory pattern,  an incorrect gas mixture. Auscultation of breath sounds has repeatedly been found, as previously
FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF A SERIES OF PATIENTS TREATED BY ELECTRICALLY INDUCED CONVULSIONS AND BY METRAZOL CONVULSIONS
Authors: B. L. PACELLA, S. E. BARRERA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1943)

We have presented briefly a preliminary report on the results of a follow-up study of psychiatric patients treated by means of electrically induced convulsions and by means of metrazol convulsions. Of the former, 144 cases were studied and of the latter, 126 patients were studied, all cases being followed for periods exceeding six months subsequent to treatment. By evaluating the two fairly comparable groups treated by these two different means, it appears that the therapeutic effects of both methods are essentially the same, particularly in the psychotic patients. However, the statistics suggest that possibly the electric shock method may be slightly more efficacious, at least in so far as the immediate results are concerned. Therefore, and in consideration of certain undesirable effects and reactions of metrazol therapy, particularly in the psychoneurotic patients, it would seem warranted at the present time to discontinue metrazol treatments in favor of electric shock convulsive therapy, providing convulsive therapy is to be given. The convulsive treatments are undoubtedly of great value in the affective psychoses, seemingly producing a slightly more favorable response in the manic-depressive group than in the involutional psychosis group. It appeared that, regardless of the diagnostic category, if the clinical picture is characterized by depressive features, consciously expressed guilt feelings, feelings of worthlessness and self depreciation, and especially suicidal tendencies, convulsive shock therapy is of value and in fact seems to be highly specific for this type of symptomatology, often resulting in dramatic and prolonged remission of symptoms. Patients with prominent aggressive, belligerent and homicidal tendencies were not favorable subjects for convulsive therapy. Follow-up studies, including the complications or sequelae with respect to memory loss, incidence of vertebral fractures, neurological complications, electroencephalographic disturbances, and other changes will be included in a separate report.
Selective transsphenoidal adenectomy--microbiopsy prolactinomas
Authors: J. Moossy
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  We do not share the enthusiasm of Post and colleagues (242:158, 1979) for multiple  in the diagnosis of prolactin (PRL) adenomas nor, indeed, for any other type of pituitary adenoma.  It is our experience after evaluating the biopsy specimens of more than 100 patients with pituitary adenomas that the five to eight frozen sections advocated by the authors for microadenomas are excessive and unnecessarily expensive. The results with our first 50 patients are currently in press. 1   If five to eight microbiopsies are done and the pathologist charges realistically for his professional and technical services, then medical bills will be even more staggering. Some surgeons, and even pathologists, remain unaware that interpretation of frozen sections when properly done is a consultation between professionals and not merely a technical service. As a consultation, it is often poorly compensated. If the authors are donating the professional service of
A pilot randomized trial of adjuvant rituximab or placebo for nonsplenectomized patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Donald M. Arnold, Nancy M. Heddle, Julie Carruthers, Deborah J. Cook, Mark A. Crowther, Ralph M. Meyer, Yang Liu, Richard J. Cook, Anne McLeod, Janet A. MacEachern, Joy Mangel, David Anderson, Linda Vickars, Alan Tinmouth, Andre C. Schuh, John G. Kelton
Journal: Blood (2012)
The bigger picture
Authors: N. Mazi-Kotwal, P. Datta
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Historically, tones of skin colour differentiated the tanned working classes from the upper classes. Even today, in some ethnic groups, especially from Africa1 and South Asia,2 a fairer skin is much desired. The desirability of tanned skin in Western society has been largely attributed to the “caramel-skinned” Parisian singer Josephine Baker and the …
Sulphanilamide in Meningitis
Authors: A. L. Craddock
Journal: BMJ (1938)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the incidence of and risk factors for neonatal unit admission, intrapartum stillbirth or neonatal death without admission, and describe outcomes, in babies born in an alongside midwifery unit (AMU). <h3>Design</h3> National population-based case-control study. <h3>Method</h3> We used the UK Midwifery Study System to identify and collect data about 1041 women who gave birth in AMUs, March 2017 to February 2018, whose babies were admitted to a neonatal unit or died (cases) and 1984 controls from the same AMUs. We used multivariable logistic regression, generating adjusted OR (aOR) with 95% CIs, to investigate maternal and intrapartum factors associated with neonatal admission or mortality. <h3>Results</h3> The incidence of neonatal admission or mortality following birth in an AMU was 1.2%, comprising neonatal admission (1.2%) and mortality (0.01%). White ‘other’ ethnicity (aOR=1.28; 95% CI=1.01 to 1.63); nulliparity (aOR=2.09; 95% CI=1.78 to 2.45); ≥2 previous pregnancies ≥24 weeks’ gestation (aOR=1.38; 95% CI=1.10 to 1.74); male sex (aOR=1.46; 95% CI=1.23 to 1.75); maternal pregnancy problem (aOR=1.40; 95% CI=1.03 to 1.90); prolonged (aOR=1.42; 95% CI=1.01 to 2.01) or unrecorded (aOR=1.38; 95% CI=1.05 to 1.81) second stage duration; opiate use (aOR=1.31; 95% CI=1.02 to 1.68); shoulder dystocia (aOR=5.06; 95% CI=3.00 to 8.52); birth weight &lt;2500 g (aOR=4.12; 95% CI=1.97 to 8.60), 4000–4999 g (aOR=1.64; 95% CI=1.25 to 2.14) and ≥4500 g (aOR=2.10; 95% CI=1.17 to 3.76), were independently associated with neonatal admission or mortality. Among babies admitted (n=1038), 18% received intensive care. Nine babies died, six following neonatal admission. Sepsis (52%) and respiratory distress (42%) were the most common discharge diagnoses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of this study are in line with other evidence on risk factors for neonatal admission, and reassuring in terms of the quality and safety of care in AMUs.
Erosion and perforation of the biliary tree by plastic biliary endoprostheses
Authors: S. Sinha, A. Wardle, V. Kalidindi, N. Banga, D. Stoker
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Biliary endoprostheses are increasingly used in the treatment of both benign and malignant pancreaticobiliary disorders. Common bile duct stones are a common clinical problem for which there now exist a range of treatment modalities. Official guidelines in the UK advocate the use of plastic biliary endoprostheses in the treatment of common bile duct stones only as a short-term measure prior to definitive endoscopic or surgical clearance. Long-term use of such stents is associated with several complications related to stent insertion, occlusion, and migration. Organ perforation resulting from plastic biliary stents is very rare and can occur either as an early complication at stent insertion or as a late complication resulting from stent migration and pressure necrosis. Although duodenal, small-bowel, and colonic perforations have been described, we have found no reports of extra-hepatic bile duct perforation occurring as a complication of plastic biliary stents. We present three cases of biliary tree erosion and perforation by plastic stents placed in patients with common bile duct stones cleared endoscopically prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy and discuss the possible implications of this previously unreported phenomenon.
DNA strand breaks in human nasal respiratory epithelium are induced upon exposure to urban pollution.
Authors: L Calderon-Garciduenas, N Osnaya-Brizuela, L Ramirez-Martinez, A Villarreal-Calderon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

All organisms have the ability to respond and adapt to a myriad of environmental insults. The human respiratory epithelium, when exposed to oxidant gases in photochemical smog, is at risk of DNA damage and requires efficient cellular adaptative responses to resist the environmentally induced cell damage. Ozone and its reaction products induce in vitro and in vivo DNA single strand breaks (SSBs) in respiratory epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. To determine if exposure to a polluted atmosphere with ozone as the main criteria pollutant induces SSBs in nasal epithelium, we studied 139 volunteers, including a control population of 19 children and 13 adult males who lived in a low-polluted Pacific port, 69 males and 16 children who were permanent residents of Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), and 22 young males newly arrived to SWMMC and followed for 12 weeks. Respiratory symptoms, nasal cytology and histopathology, cell viabilities, and single-cell gel electrophoresis were investigated. Atmospheric pollutant data were obtained from a fixed-site monitoring station. SWMMC volunteers spent >7 hr/day outdoors and all had upper respiratory symptoms. A significant difference in the numbers of DNA-damaged nasal cells was observed between control and chronically exposed subjects, both in children (p<0.00001) and in adults (p<0.01). SSBs in newly arrived subjects quickly increased upon arrival to the city, from 39.8 +/- 8.34% in the first week to 67.29 +/- 2.35 by week 2. Thereafter, the number of cells with SSBs remained stable in spite of the continuous increase in cumulative ozone, suggesting a threshold for cumulative DNA nasal damage. Exposure to a polluted urban atmosphere induces SSBs in human nasal respiratory epithelium, and nasal SSBs could serve as a biomarker of ozone exposure. Further, because DNA strand breaks are a threat to cell viability and genome integrity and appear to be a critical lesion responsible for p53 induction, nasal SSBs should be evaluated in ozone-exposed individuals.
Genetics and Addiction to Alcohol
Authors: David D. Rutstein, Richard L. Veech
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

In contrast to the generally accepted view that alcoholism may result from cultural, environmental and psychologic influences, newer epidemiologic evidence suggests that in addition to environmental factors there is probably a strong genetic component in this disease. Similar results in simultaneous long-range studies in three countries have been reported. In Sweden, in the records of a cohort of adopted children followed for 25 to 30 years as of October, 1976, Bohman has demonstrated that among the 89 males officially registered as alcoholics, 39.4 per cent of their biologic fathers were also registered (Bohman M: personal communication). This finding is in . . .
Isolation and functional characterization of human intestinal mucosal lymphoid cells.
Authors: D M Bull, M A Bookman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Viable suspensions of human colonic mucosal lymphoid cells have been prepared by sequential treatment of tissue with dithiothreitol, EDTA in calcium- and magnesium-free salt solutions, and purified collagenase. The intestinal lymphocyte population, in comparison with that of peripheral blood, had greater numbers of bone marrow-derived cells, particularly cells bearing membrane IgA; showed spontaneous association with macrophages; underwent rapid rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes; and demonstrated increased in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin. Total thymus-derived cells were equal in the two populations. Decreases were found in "null" cell numbers, in cells bearing membrane IgD and IgM, and in responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin. Macrophage/monocytes in the intestinal population were increased in size, granularity, motility, sustained glass adherence, and phagocytic activity. Human intestinal lymphoid cells appear to constitute a cell population that is more "mature" and/or "activated", in comparison with the lymphoid cells of peripheral blood. The method of preparation should lend itself to the study of inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal cancer, and the intestinal secretory immune system.
Dupuytren's Contracture
Authors: Erle E. Peacock
Journal: JAMA (1964)

One man's experience with over 6,000 cases of Dupuytren's contracture has been documented in a scholarly manner by J. T. Hueston in a succinct new monograph. Detailed research on Dupuytren and the disease which carries his name is delightfully presented, bolstered by important new statistics on the incidence and natural history of the disease, the most comprehensive since Skoogs' monumental treatise on the same subject. A most valuable contribution is Hueston's logical and badly needed critique of antiquated theories of etiology and his presentation of scientific facts which support or destroy old theories concerning the etiology and evolution of palmar fascia contraction. The most commonly held theory of repeated trauma as the cause of the disease is effectively attacked, and several original observations on the pathological anatomy are presented together with the questions which they raise. In the reviewer's opinion, however, the most valuable contributions are the author's analysis of
The promotion of neural regeneration in an extreme rat spinal cord injury model using a collagen scaffold containing a collagen binding neuroprotective protein and an EGFR neutralizing antibody
Authors: Qianqian Han, Wei Jin, Zhifeng Xiao, Hongbin Ni, Jinhuan Wang, Jie Kong, Jun Wu, Weibang Liang, Lei Chen, Yannan Zhao, Bing Chen, Jianwu Dai
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Abstract IA17: TSLP-driven inflammation fosters development of epithelial tumors
Authors: Anna Karolina Palucka, Kangling Xu, Alexander Gonzalez Pedroza, Te-Chia Wu, Sandra Zurawski, Florentina Marches, Gerard Zurawski, Yong-Jun Liu, Jacques Banchereau
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Solid tumors are often associated with aseptic inflammation. There are two types of inflammation that have opposing effects on tumors, chronic inflammation that promotes cancer cell survival, and metastasis, and acute inflammation which triggers cancer cell destruction. Chronic inflammation is often linked with the presence of type 2-polarized macrophages (M2), which are induced by Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13. Our recent studies have demonstrated the presence in breast cancer tumors of inflammatory Th2 cells, which produce IL-13, IL-4, and TNF. These CD4+ T cells appear to play a key role in the disease as they accelerate breast tumor development in a xenograft model through the production of IL-13. Breast tumors appear to play a critical role in conditioning the infiltrating myeloid DCs (mDCs) to induce such inflammatory Th2 cells. Our most recent results suggest that thymic stromal lymphopoetin (TSLP) secreted by cancer cells plays a role in mDCs conditioning. Breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors from patients show TSLP protein expression. TSLP-neutralizing antibodies block the upregulation of OX40L by mDCs exposed to tumor supernatant and consequently block mDCs capacity to generate inflammatory Th2 cells in vitro. The TSLP production is mediated by PAR2-signaling in cancer cells. PAR2 is expressed by all 4 breast cancer cell lines, and TSLP production can be induced upon PAR2-agonist peptide treatment. Similar observations were made by us and others in pancreatic cancer as well as lung cancer. Thus, TSLP could serve as therapeutic target in tumors of epithelial origin.
Aluminium Flux Dermatitis
Authors: K.D. Crow, R.R.M. Harman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article Aluminium Flux Dermatitis Get access K.D. Crow, K.D. Crow Princess Margaret Hospital. Swindon United Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.R.M. Harman R.R.M. Harman Princess Margaret Hospital. Swindon United Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 9, 1 September 1969, Pages 710–711, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb16215.x Published: 01 September 1969
Azidothymidine Associated with Bone Marrow Failure in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: PARKASH S. GILL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed severe pancytopenia (hemoglobin, < 85 g/L; granulocytes, ≤ 0.5 x 109/L; platelets, ≤ 30 x 109/L) 12 to 17 weeks after the initiation of azidothymidine (AZT) therapy. The bone marrow was markedly hypocellular in three patients and moderately hypocellular in the fourth. Partial bone marrow recovery was documented within 4 to 5 weeks in three patients, but no marrow recovery has yet occurred in one patient during the more than 6 months since AZT treatment was discontinued. Azidothymidine should be used cautiously, with close monitoring of blood values.
Modulation of Endothelium-Dependent Flow-Mediated Dilatation of the Brachial Artery by Sex and Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Masayoshi Hashimoto, Masahiro Akishita, Masato Eto, Michiro Ishikawa, Koichi Kozaki, Kenji Toba, Yoko Sagara, Yuji Taketani, Hajime Orimo, Yasuyoshi Ouchi
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Estrogen has been reported to augment endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. The role of endogenous ovarian hormones in modulating endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, however, remains to be determined. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of sex and menstrual cycle on endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation. Methods and Results Seventeen female volunteers 25.1±0.8 years old and 17 age-matched male volunteers were examined. We measured brachial artery diameters noninvasively using a 7.5-MHz ultrasound machine at rest, during reactive hyperemia, and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration. All female subjects were studied three times each, in three different phases of one menstrual cycle (M, menstrual phase; F, follicular phase; and L, luteal phase). Flow-mediated diameter (D) increase (%FMD; ΔD/D×100) in M, when serum estradiol level was low (121.9±12.5 pmol/L), was 11.22±0.58%, and the value was comparable to that in male subjects (10.60±0.75%). %FMD increased in F (18.20±0.81%, P &lt;.01 versus M) and L (17.53±0.74%, P &lt;.01 versus M), when serum estradiol level was high (F, 632.0±74.5 and L, 533.8±33.4 pmol/L, P &lt;.01 versus M). Endothelium-independent vasodilatation by nitroglycerin increased in both F and L. However, the increment was smaller than that of %FMD. Conclusions Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation varies during the menstrual cycle. The endogenous estradiol may be involved in this menstrual cycle–related vasodilatation.