tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fatal Pulmonary Embolism in Psychiatric Patient after Air Journey
Authors: D. Blair
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Fatal Pulmonary Embolism in a Psychiatric Patient After a Journey by AirThanks to modem methods of treatment, pulmonarv em- bolism is no longer the dreaded complication of major surgery that it used to be.Nevertheless it is still responsible for sporadic tragic fatalities, apart from major surgery, and this report concerns one such case.It is published in the hope that it will enable appropriate measures to be taken to avoid similar incidents in the future.
Effects of pirbuterol and sodium nitroprusside on pulmonary haemodynamics in hypoxic cor pulmonale.
Authors: W MacNee, C G Wathen, W J Hannan, D C Flenley, A L Muir
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The acute haemodynamic effects of oral pirbuterol (a beta-agonist) were contrasted with those of sodium nitroprusside, a vasodilator, in six patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Sodium nitroprusside (1-5 mg/kg intravenously) reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary vascular resistance significantly (p less than 0.01) without change in cardiac output or right ventricular ejection fraction, measured by radionuclide ventriculography. Oral pirbuterol (22.5 mg) produced a greater reduction in total pulmonary vascular resistance than sodium nitroprusside, largely as a result of increasing cardiac output. Right ventricular ejection fraction also increased significantly after pirbuterol (p less than 0.01). Pirbuterol in a lower dosage (15 mg by mouth) in six further patients with hypoxic chronic bronchitis and emphysema produced similar changes in total pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular ejection fraction. Nine of the patients who were studied acutely thereafter received pirbuterol 15 mg thrice daily for six weeks, which produced a significant fall in systolic pulmonary arterial pressure and a rise in right ventricular ejection fraction (p less than 0.01), without a significant fall in arterial oxygen tension. Pirbuterol acts as a vasodilator on the pulmonary circulation in these patients and may in addition improve right ventricular performance by an inotropic action.
Factors Influencing Subjective Orthodontic Treatment Need and Culture‐related Differences among Chinese Natives and Foreign Inhabitants
Authors: Xiao‐ting Li, Yin Tang, Xue‐lian Huang, Hua Wan, Yang‐xi Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to: (1) attitudes towards dental appearance, (2) subjective orthodontic treatment need, and (3) the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face‐to‐face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority (55.9%) for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function (44.1%), followed by "to be pretty" (35.2%). The importance of well‐aligned teeth and self‐perception of psycho‐social impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need (P<0.05) in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Subjective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different (P<0.05). (1) It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. (2) There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. (3) There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.
Study rates, not standardised mortality ratios
Authors: L. Bonneux
Journal: BMJ (2010)

In their study from 1921 to 2007 Thomas and colleagues conclude on the basis of standardised mortality ratios that inequalities in mortality continue to rise and are now almost as high as in the 1930s.1 Relative ratios are, however, misleading when absolute rates change strongly. I calculated the differences in absolute rate between the highest and lowest tenths using the authors’ standardised mortality ratios and mortality for …
Laser balloon angioplasty: Coronary angiografhic follow-up of a multicenter trial
Authors: J.Richard Spears, Vincent P. Reyes, H.W.T. Plokker, James J. Ferguson, Wayne E. Dear, I.Nigel Sinclair, Spencer B. King, Ronald D. Jenkins, Robert D. Safian, Anthony Rickards, Leonard Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Socioeconomic inequalities in survival in neonates
Authors: R. Gray, M. C McCormick
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Access to good intensive care blunts the effects of deprivation 

In the linked prospective cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4702), Smith and colleagues assessed socioeconomic inequalities in survival and neonatal care provision among very preterm infants.1 A cohort of 7449 infants born during a 10 year period (1998-2007) at between 22+0 and 32+6 weeks’ gestation were followed up until discharge from neonatal care. What do the findings suggest about equity of neonatal care provision?

Preterm birth is a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide and a substantial cause of childhood disability in survivors. The risks of death are highest in babies born before 33 weeks’ gestation—the very preterm group. Furthermore, both preterm birth and infant mortality are associated with socioeconomic position, with the risks being highest in those from the most deprived socioeconomic groups.2 3 As might be expected, the most striking socioeconomic inequalities in neonatal survival are seen from a global perspective, with 98% of neonatal deaths occurring in less developed countries.4 However, even in high income …
Doctors cleared of manslaughter
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Two doctors from Great Ormond Street children's hospital in London were cleared last week of the manslaughter of a 12year old patient who was accidentally given the cytotoxic drug vincristine intrathecally instead of intravenously.

Dermot Murphy, a registrar in haematology, and John Lee, a specialist registrar in paediatric anaesthetics, were accused over the death of Richie William in July 1997.

The Crown Prosecution Service dropped the case after deciding that the death was the result of a catalogue of mishaps and failings in the …
Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: air pollution exposures.
Authors: J D Spengler, P Koutrakis, D W Dockery, M Raizenne, F E Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Air pollution measurements were conducted over a 1-year period in 24 North American communities participating in a respiratory health study. Ozone, particle strong acidity, sulfate, and mass (PM10 and PM2.1) were measured in all communities. In 20 of the communities, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid, nitrous acid, and particulate nitrate were measured. The sampler was located centrally in the community whenever possible and samples were collected every other day. Concentrations of particle strong acidity, mass, sulfate, and ozone were highly correlated both in the region of the country defined as a high-sulfur source area and in the downwind transport regions. These regions of the eastern United States and southern Canada experienced the greatest particle strong acidity, sulfate, and particle mass concentrations during the spring and summer months (May-September). The particle strong acidity concentrations were highest in regions close to the high sulfur emission areas of the United States; that is, in the area immediately to the west of the Appalachian Plateau and west of the Allegheny Mountains (western Pennsylvania, eastern Ohio, and West Virginia) up through southern Ontario. The frequency of particle strong acidity events decreased with transport distance from the region of highest sulfur emissions. Low particle strong acidity and sulfates were found at the western and midwestern sites of both the United States and Canada. Substantial concentrations of nitric acid were found in two of the California sites as well as many sites in the northeastern portion of the United States. Sites selected for the epidemiologic study provide a range of annual mean particle strong acidity exposures from below the limit of detection to more than 50 nmol/m3.
Identification of two new mutations in the<i>TAT</i>gene in a Danish family with tyrosinaemia type II
Authors: S.M. Pasternack, R.C. Betz, F. Brandrup, E.F. Gade, O. Clemmensen, A.M. Lund, E. Christensen, A. Bygum
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Identification of two new mutations in the TAT gene in a Danish family with tyrosinaemia type II Get access S.M. Pasternack, S.M. Pasternack Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.C. Betz, R.C. Betz Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Brandrup, F. Brandrup Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.F. Gade, E.F. Gade Ophthalmology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Clemmensen, O. Clemmensen Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Lund, A.M. Lund Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Christensen, E. Christensen Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Bygum A. Bygum Departments of Dermatology Correspondence: Anette Bygum. E‐mail: anette.bygum@ouh.regionsyddanmark.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 3, 1 March 2009, Pages 704–706, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08888.x Published: 01 March 2009
Economic Impact of a Botulism Outbreak
Authors: Jonathan M. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Legal expenses arising from food-borne outbreaks have not been reported in the medical literature, to the best of our knowledge. Expenses of an outbreak of food-borne botulism involving 34 victims in 1978 exceeded $5.8 million. These included outbreak investigation and control (3.2% of total), medical care for patients with botulism from April 1978 through October 1981 (12.3%), and settlements and legal charges (84.4%). Legal actions following food-borne outbreaks must be recognized for several reasons. First, the delay between the outbreak and the conclusion of legal activity (three years in this instance) mandates prompt and meticulous written documentation of investigation and control work. Second, legal expenses may make a large contribution to the total societal impact of food-borne disease outbreaks. Finally, awareness of the legal expense strengthens the rationale for public and private expenditures on food-borne disease prevention in this country. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1299-1301)
Sema3E-PlexinD1 signaling selectively suppresses disoriented angiogenesis in ischemic retinopathy in mice
Authors: Yoko Fukushima, Mitsuhiro Okada, Hiroshi Kataoka, Masanori Hirashima, Yutaka Yoshida, Fanny Mann, Fumi Gomi, Kohji Nishida, Shin-Ichi Nishikawa, Akiyoshi Uemura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

During development, the retinal vasculature grows toward hypoxic areas in an organized fashion. By contrast, in ischemic retinopathies, new blood vessels grow out of the retinal surfaces without ameliorating retinal hypoxia. Restoration of proper angiogenic directionality would be of great benefit to reoxygenize the ischemic retina and resolve disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that binding of the semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) ligand to the transmembrane PlexinD1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway that normalizes angiogenic directionality in both developing retinas and ischemic retinopathy. In developing mouse retinas, inhibition of VEGF signaling resulted in downregulation of endothelial PlexinD1 expression, suggesting that astrocyte-derived VEGF normally promotes PlexinD1 expression in growing blood vessels. Neuron-derived Sema3E signaled to PlexinD1 and activated the small GTPase RhoJ in ECs, thereby counteracting VEGF-induced filopodia projections and defining the retinal vascular pathfinding. In a mouse model of ischemic retinopathy, enhanced expression of PlexinD1 and RhoJ in extraretinal vessels prevented VEGF-induced disoriented projections of the endothelial filopodia. Remarkably, intravitreal administration of Sema3E protein selectively suppressed extraretinal vascular outgrowth without affecting the desired regeneration of the retinal vasculature. Our study suggests a new paradigm for vascular regeneration therapy that guides angiogenesis precisely toward the ischemic retina.
236 Immunotherapy with animal dander extracts. Results of bronchial provocation test and total and individual antigen-specific IgG tests in a double blind cross-over study
Authors: B SUNDIN, G HEDLIN, H HEILBORN, G LILJA, V GRAFFLONNEVIG, K NORRLIND, K PEGELOW, H LOWENSTEIN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1985)
Defective anion transport and marked spherocytosis with membrane instability caused by hereditary total deficiency of red cell band 3 in cattle due to a nonsense mutation.
Authors: M Inaba, A Yawata, I Koshino, K Sato, M Takeuchi, Y Takakuwa, S Manno, Y Yawata, A Kanzaki, J Sakai, A Ban, K Ono, Y Maede
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We studied bovine subjects that exhibited a moderate uncompensated anemia with hereditary spherocytosis inherited in an autosomal incompletely dominant mode and retarded growth. Based on the results of SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, and electron microscopic analysis by the freeze fracture method, we show here that the proband red cells lacked the band 3 protein completely. Sequence analysis of the proband band 3 cDNA and genomic DNA showed a C --> T substitution resulting in a nonsense mutation (CGA --> TGA; Arg --> Stop) at the position corresponding to codon 646 in human red cell band 3 cDNA. The proband red cells were deficient in spectrin, ankyrin, actin, and protein 4.2, resulting in a distorted and disrupted membrane skeletal network with decreased density. Therefore, the proband red cell membranes were extremely unstable and showed the loss of surface area in several distinct ways such as invagination, vesiculation, and extrusion of microvesicles, leading to the formation of spherocytes. Total deficiency of band 3 also resulted in defective Cl-/HCO3- exchange, causing mild acidosis with decreases in the HCO3- concentration and total CO2 in the proband blood. Our results demonstrate that band 3 indeed contributes to red cell membrane stability, CO2 transport, and acid-base homeostasis, but is not always essential to the survival of this mammal.
THYROID SECRETION AS A FACTOR IN ADRENAL ACTIVITY
Authors: R. G. HOSKINS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

For some time the idea has been growing that the activity of the adrenals is materially influenced by thyroid conditions. Various clinical writers have endeavored to explain obscure symptom-complexes on this assumption, but until recently there has been no clear-cut evidence supporting the idea. Within the last two years, however, the theory has received some support from the work of several German investigators. At present, the weight of the existing evidence, although it is not entirely concordant, is in favor of the theory that the thyroids stimulate the adrenals. During the last year and a half I have made several series of studies in the physiologic laboratories of the Harvard Medical School in an attempt to throw some further light on the relationships among the thyroids and other endosecretory organs. Although these studies are as yet for the most part incomplete, sufficient progress has been made to justify a preliminary
Technique to enable diagnosis
Authors: A. R L Medford, S. Agrawal, J. A Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Conventional flexible bronchoscopy is of limited yield in diagnosing sarcoidosis when central or peripheral airways are not affected.1 However, endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration may be helpful in patients with clinical sarcoidosis and computed tomographic evidence of accessible mediastinal nodes. We …
World Medical Association clarifies rules on placebo controlled trials
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Clarification on the ethical use of placebo controlled trials was published last week by the World Medical Association following its four day council meeting in France.

The clarification follows criticism from researchers that when the association revised the Declaration of Helsinki last year, its guidance on clinical trials was impractical for researchers in many parts of the world.

The new ethical standards laid down under the revised declaration stated that the testing of drugs should be done against the best current treatment and not against placebo (BMJ …
SEK1/MKK4 Is Required for Maintenance of a Normal Peripheral Lymphoid Compartment but Not for Lymphocyte Development
Authors: Wojciech Swat, Keiko Fujikawa, Soula Ganiatsas, Di Yang, Ramnik J Xavier, Nancy L Harris, Laurie Davidson, Roger Ferrini, Roger J Davis, Mark A Labow, Richard A Flavell, Leonard I Zon, Frederick W Alt
Journal: Immunity (1998)

SAPK is a member of the group of evolutionary conserved stress-activated kinases that mediate control of cellular death and proliferation. In lymphocytes, the SAPK pathway has been implicated in signaling from antigen, costimulatory, and death receptors; SEK1, which directly activates SAPK, is required for early embryonic development and has also been reported to be essential for normal lymphocyte development. In contrast to the latter findings, we have used RAG-2–deficient blastocyst complementation to show that SEK1-deficient embryonic stem cells support unimpaired T and B lymphocyte development. Moreover, mature SEK1-deficient lymphocytes are capable of SAPK activation. Surprisingly, however, aging SEK1-deficient chimeric mice frequently develop lymphadenopathy and polyclonal B and T cell expansions. Thus, SEK1 is not required for lymphocyte development, but is required for maintaining peripheral lymphoid homeostasis.
Mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) Mutation at Position 3243 and Symptomatic Polyneuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Matsuo Taniyama, Tarou Muramatsu, Shigeo Ohta, Chisato Murata, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In 1994, we documented a high frequency of complicated posttreatment neuropathy in patients with mitochondrial diabetes associated with tRNALeu(UUR) mutation at position 3243′ (MDM3243) (1). Thereafter, experimental studies accumulated evidence that mitochondria are a major culprit in the initiation and development of complications of diabetes through oxidative stress or altered redox changes (2–4). We recently confirmed our previous observation on the association of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation with clinical symptoms of diabetic distal polyneuropathy by conducting a large-scale study. A total of 271 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes at Saiseikai Central Hospital were subjected and divided into two groups. Patients who had leg symptoms not only at the time of this study, but also in their history were regarded as positive and were classified into group 1. Symptomatic neuropathy was assessed by the presence of one, two, or all of the following symptoms over a previous 5-year period: numbness in the feet, pricking sensation in the feet, …
954 SERUM LEVELS OF CHOLESTEROL PRECURSORS AND PLANT STEROLS INDICATE DECREASED INTESTINAL CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION BUT INCREASED CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN CAUCASIAN INDIVIDUALS DEVELOPING GALLSTONES
Authors: M. Krawczyk, J.F. Miquel, D. Lütjohann, R. Schirin-Sokhan, F. Lammert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Binding of HMG-I(Y) elicits structural changes in a silencer of the human ?-globin gene
Authors: Michael B. Chase, Susanne B. Haga, W. David Hankins, Donna M. Williams, Zhigang Bi, Jeffrey W. Strovel, Christine Obriecht, Patricia E. Berg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Proteins involved in repression of the human β-globin gene may be useful in the treatment of sickle cell anemia, in conjunction with therapy to reactivate fetal globin genes. If there is a reciprocal elevation of β-globin expression upon repression, this approach could be useful in additional hemoglobinopathies. We previously showed that repression of the β-globin gene appears to be mediated through two DNA sequences, silencers I and II, and identified a protein termed BP1 which binds to both silencer sequences. In this study, we cloned two cDNAs encoding proteins which bind to an oligonucleotide in silencer I containing a BP1 binding site. These cDNAs correspond to HMG-I and HMG-Y, isoforms regarded as architectural proteins. We demonstrate that binding of HMG-I(Y) to this ogligonucleotide causes bending/flexure of the DNA. HMG-I(Y) also binds to a second oligonucleotide containing a BP1 binding site located in a negative control region upstream of the β-globin gene, suggesting a role for HMG-I(Y) in repression of adult globin genes. Expression studies revealed that HMG-I(Y) is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues that do not express β-globin, being present in 48 of 50 tissues and six hematopoietic cell lines examined. Furthermore, HMG-I(Y) expression is down-regulated during differentiation of primary erythroid cells. We present a model in which HMG-I(Y) alters DNA conformation to allow binding of repressor proteins, and in which the relative amount of HMG-I(Y) helps to determine the repressive state of the β-globin gene. Am. J. Hematol. 60:27–35, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Compensatory regeneration, mitogen-induced liver growth, and multistage chemical carcinogenesis.
Authors: G M Ledda-Columbano, P Coni, G Simbula, I Zedda, A Columbano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Liver cell proliferation has often been implicated to play a major role during different steps of the carcinogenic process. Most of the experimental studies indicating a close association between cell proliferation and liver cancer development have made use of a compensatory type of proliferative stimulus. However, liver growth may also be caused by direct hyperplasia after administration of primary mitogens. Our recent studies examined the possible differences between these two types of cell proliferation. Our studies indicate that a) increased expression of proto-oncogenes such as c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc is not necessary for entry into the cell cycle during mitogen-induced liver growth; b) mitogen-induced liver growth does not support initiation of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis; c) repeated proliferative stimuli induced by primary mitogens do not stimulate the growth of initiated cells to a focal and/or nodular stage; and d) mitogen-induced liver growth, unlike compensatory regeneration, is followed by a particular mode of cell death, namely, apoptosis. This type of cell death may be responsible for the elimination of carcinogen-initiated cells.