tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular wall thickness and regional systolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. A three-dimensional tagged magnetic resonance imaging study.
Authors: S J Dong, J H MacGregor, A P Crawley, E McVeigh, I Belenkie, E R Smith, J V Tyberg, R Beyar
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Regional performance of the hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is still incompletely characterized with studies variably reporting that the hypertrophied myocardium is hypokinetic, akinetic, or has normal function. Different imaging modalities (M-mode or two-dimensional echocardiography) and methods of analysis (fixed or floating frame of reference for wall motion analysis) yield different results. We assessed regional function in terms of systolic wall thickening and shortening and related these parameters to end-diastolic thickness using tagged magnetic resonance imaging and the three-dimensional volume-element approach. METHODS AND RESULTS In 17 patients with HCM and 6 healthy volunteers, four parallel short-axis images with 12 radial tags and two mutually orthogonal long-axis images with four parallel tags were obtained at end diastole and end systole. After the LV endocardial and epicardial borders were traced, three-dimensional volume elements were constructed by connecting two matched planar segments in two adjacent short-axis image planes, accounting for translation, twist, and long-axis shortening. A total of 72 such volume elements encompassed the entire LV. From each of these elements, end-diastolic thickness and systolic function (fractional thickening and circumferential shortening) were calculated. The average end-diastolic thickness was 15.8 +/- 4.2 mm in patients with HCM, which was significantly greater than that in healthy subjects (8.6 +/- 2.1 mm, P &lt; .001). Fractional thickening was significantly less in patients with HCM than in healthy subjects (0.31 +/- 0.22 versus 0.56 +/- 0.23, P &lt; .001). There was a highly significant inverse correlation between fractional thickening and end-diastolic thickness that was independent of the type of hypertrophy or age group. Similar inverse relations were observed between circumferential shortening and end-diastolic wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS The myocardium in patients with HCM is heterogeneously thickened and the fractional thickening and circumferential shortening of the abnormally thickened myocardium are reduced compared with healthy subjects. The decrease in fractional thickening and shortening is inversely related to the local thickness.
Injuries in Rugby Union football.
Authors: J E Davies, T Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a prospective study of 185 players attached to 10 British rugby clubs, 151 injuries were recorded among 98 of them (53%) during a single season. Forwards sustained significantly more injuries than backs. The standard of rugby, players9 body weights, degree of fitness, and presence of joint hypermobility did not affect the risk of injury. The leg was the most common site of injury. Head and neck injuries were significantly more common when play was static and on wet pitches. Scrummaging accounted for no neck injuries. Almost half the injuries occurred during the last quarter of games. Foul play might have caused as many as 47 (31%) of all reported injuries. Complete eradication of deliberately dangerous play would considerably reduce the high incidence of injuries in this sport.
Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT in Patients With a Small Heart: Effect of Zooming and Filtering
Authors: Vahid Reza Dabbagh Kakhki, Ramin Sadeghi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Underestimation of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and overestimation of ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients with a small heart is a problem with the gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (GSPECT). Thirty patients with a small heart underwent rest Tc-99m sestamibi GSPECT using acquisition zooms of 1.45 and 1.78 consecutively. After reconstruction by filtered back-projection using different cut-off frequencies of Butterworth filter, LVEF, EDV and ESV were computed using a quantitative gated SPECT (QGS) program. Increasing in zooming or filter cut-off frequency resulted in higher EDV and ESV but lower LVEF. Differences in LVEF between 2 acquisition zooms were decreased by sharper cut-off frequencies. A higher zooming and/or a sharper filter might be suggested for quantitative GSPECT in patients with a small heart.
Obama plans to make the US emergency AIDS plan a sustainable programme
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Four themes underlie the global health initiative proposed by the Obama administration in the budget released earlier this month, presidential adviser Ezekiel Emanuel, a doctor, explained in a 14 May webcast.

“The idea is not to attack disease by disease but to now begin to think more holistically, across many diseases, and across the many underlying causes of these diseases, and to try to build infrastructure.”

Dr Emanuel said that the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which was set up by President George Bush in 2003, was an emergency initiative and that the goal now is to turn the programme “into a more sustainable effort” by creating the necessary physical and human infrastructure. Direct funding …
Scanning shows structural abnormality in headache
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Sophisticated imaging techniques have for the first time shown that people experiencing cluster headaches have systematic structural differences in their brains compared with matched controls, rather than simply having functional differences as had previously been thought.

A team from the Institute of Neurology, London, has found that the density of grey matter in the brains of patients experiencing cluster headaches (one sided, severe headache occurring seasonally and with clock-like regularity) …
Camilla Maria Magbadelo (née Rodrigues)
Authors: Stephen Vogt
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​AssociateAssociate specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology Grantham Hospital, Lincolnshire (b Nagpur, India, 1948; q Nagpur Medical School 1971), d 25 October 2005.



Figure 1



Camilla practised under her maiden name. She trained in the United Kingdom, principally in Lincolnshire and Manchester, and worked for some while in the Middle East before returning to the UK. The last 12 years of her career were as associate specialist in obstetrics and gynaecology at Grantham Hospital and Lincoln County Hospital. A very private person, she was sustained by a strong religious faith. She leaves a husband, Jonathan.
Treatment of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia by Electrical Stimulation of the Carotid-Sinus Nerves
Authors: Eugene Braunwald, Burton E. Sobel, Nina S. Braunwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

SUPRAVENTRICULAR tachycardia may be terminated by manual pressure on the carotid sinuses or by the administration of parasympathomimetic or of pressor agents. Recently developed technics for the treatment of angina pectoris by electrical stimulation of carotid-sinus nerves in man by means of implanted radiofrequency pacemakers1 2 3 4 provide a way of reflexly increasing vagal activity and withdrawing sympathetic drive to the heart. This communication describes the application of electrical stimulation of the carotid-sinus nerves to a patient with refractory, recurrent supraventricular tachycardia and documents the efficacy of this technic in promptly terminating recurrent attacks.Case ReportC.W. (U.H.S.D.C. 441780), a 69-year-old man, . . .
Anticipating synchronization as an alternative to the internal model
Authors: Nigel Stepp, Michael T. Turvey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The fundamental assumption of compensation for visual delays states that, since delays are dealt with, there must be compensatory mechanisms. These mechanisms are taken to be internal models. Alternatives for delay compensation exist, suggesting that this assumption may not be fundamental, and nor should the existence of internal models be assumed. Delays may even be employed in their own compensation.
The New Soehendra Stent Retriever Makes Stent Exchange Much Easier
Authors: U. Seitz, S. Seewald, X. He, T. Akaraviputh, F. Thonke, N. Soehendra
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Biliary stent exchange is usually performed in two steps: 1) removal of the occluded stent using either a snare or a rat-tooth forceps, and 2) placement of a new biliary stent. However, in cases of complicated strictures, recannulation of the stricture may be difficult or even impossible. The Soehendra stent retriever was designed to avoid such problems and guarantee stent replacement. Those using this device for replacing on occluded stent may, however, encounter difficulties in inserting the guide wire into the stent and advancing the retriever over the guide wire to engage the distal end of the stent. This drawback has recently been eliminated by modifying the tip of the retriever (Figures [1] and [2].)
LOW BACK PAIN IN CYCLING: DOES IT MATTER HOW YOU SIT?
Authors: W van Hoof, K Volkaerts, K O'Sullivan, B Malfait, S Verschueren, W Dankaerts
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Low Back Pain (LBP) is a common problem among cyclists, although studies investigating LBP during cycling are scarce. Most studies have focused on LBP and geometric bike-related variables. Until now no cycling field studies have investigated the relationship between maladaptive lumbar kinematics and LBP during cycling. Objective To examine lower lumbar kinematics in cyclists with and without non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). Design Cross-sectional cycling field study. Setting Recreational and competitive cyclists. Patients 8 cyclists with NSCLBP classified as having a ‘Flexion Pattern’ (FP) disorder and nine asymptomatic age-and gender-matched cyclists were tested. Subjects performed a two hour outdoor cycling task on their personal race bike. Main outcome measurements Lower lumbar kinematics were measured with a wireless monitoring system (BodyGuard TM ). Pain intensity during and after cycling was measured using a numerical pain rating scale. Results The NSCLBP (FP) subjects were significantly more flexed (P=.018) at the lower lumbar spine during cycling compared to healthy controls and reported a significant increase in pain (P&lt;.001) over the two hours of cycling. One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for group (P=.035) which remained significant when adding saddle angle as a covariate (P=.05). The difference in posture between groups did not change over time. Conclusions The findings of this first field study suggest that a well selected subgroup of cyclists with NSCLBP (FP) adopted and sustained increased lower lumbar flexion during cycling. This appears to reflect an inherent maladaptive motor control pattern at the lower lumbar spine during cycling. This posture is maintained and associated with a significant increase of LBP. These findings suggest that in this subgroup LBP during cycling is related to maladaptive lower lumbar kinematics. Investigating rehabilitation/prevention strategies that address the control over the lower lumbar region during cycling seems the logic next step.
Textbook of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography
Authors: Lewis Sasse
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This clearly and concisely written, abundantly and appropriately illustrated, and handsomely bound volume deserves its title:<i>Textbook of Two-Dimensional Echocardiography</i>. Although it is a multiauthored text, there is a unity of writing style and content from chapter to chapter. The bibliographies are more than adequate and for the most part current. Excellent discussions of the latest developments in noninvasive cardiac imaging are included, covering Doppler, three-dimensional echocardiography, echo tissue characterizations, comparison of nuclear and echocardiography, digital subtraction angiography, computed axial and positronemission tomography, and nuclear magnetic resonance. There are chapters summarizing development of noninvasive techniques in ventricular volume and function and ischemic heart disease. The bibliographies allow the reader to explore these subjects in greater detail. Congenital heart diseases in adolescents and adults are grouped uniquely according to echocardiographic patterns, such as specific chamber dilation and great vessel malpositions. This is particularly helpful for readers who do not work
Letter: Dangers of tinted glasses for driving.
Authors: M J Gilkes
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In our experience many doctors and medical students believe that dextrose is a carbohydrate that is different from glucose and do not realise that dextrose is the name given in the British Pharmacopoeia (1973) and the British Pharmaceutical Codex (1973) for glucose monohydrate.This causes confusion in under- standing disease and in treatment.Glucose is the scientifically acceptable trivial name for D( +)-glucose.We make a plea for the universal use in medicine of "glucose" as the only name for this compound and of "glucose mono- hydrate" when it is necessary to specify that the glucose molecule is not anhydrous (as it carries one molecule of water)-and for the abandonment by pharmacists of the name "dextrose."
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure plus Weight Loss for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), Association of Cancer with OSA, and Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation for OSA Treatment
Authors: Imran H. Iftikhar, Meredith A. Donley, Mohammed Al-Jaghbeer, Angel Monserrate
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)
Abstract A18: Reduced NF1 expression in resistance to EGF receptor inhibitory drugs in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Elza de Bruin, Catherine Cowell, Michael Howell, Harold Varmus, Katerina Politi, Julian Downward
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as erlotinib, exhibit striking efficacy in lung adenocarcinomas with activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, patients inevitably develop therapeutic resistance, often due to second site mutations (T790M) in the EGFR. In this study, we aim to identify novel determinants of resistance in order to find new drug targets that may increase the effectiveness of EGFR targeted therapy. We performed a genome-wide siRNA screen using the PC9 cell line, which harbors an EGFR exon 19 deletion mutation and is exquisitely sensitive to erlotinib. From this screen, we identified genes that upon knockdown had a significantly different effect on cell survival in drug-treated versus untreated conditions. Within the list of candidate genes is the tumor suppressor NF1, encoding the RAS GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin. In addition, low Nf1 expression is associated with the acquisition of resistance in a preclinical mouse model of activated mutant EGFR-driven lung cancer in tumors where the second site mutation in EGFR did not occur. In vitro experiments show that decreased expression of NF1 results in a failure of erlotinib to fully inhibit RAS-ERK signaling. Treatment of NF1-deficient lung cancer cells with a MEK inhibitor restored their sensitivity to erlotinib both in in vitro and in xenograft experiments. Interestingly, approximately half of the erlotinib resistant tumors in our mouse model regressed upon treatment with erlotinib in combination with a MEK inhibitor, while tumors treated with erlotinib only continued to progress. This suggests that combination of a MEK inhibitor and an EGFR inhibitor may be an effective approach to the treatment of some cases of drug resistant lung cancer.
Trends in non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and HIV-associated NHL deaths in the United States
Authors: W. Craig Hooper, Robert C. Holman, M. J. Clarke, Terence L. Chorba
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Since a significant number of lymphomas have been associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the purpose of this study was to describe the impact of HIV infection on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) mortality trends and demographics. Multiple-cause-of-death data for the United States from 1979 through 1996 were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual NHL deaths rates for the United States were calculated as the number of NHL deaths per 100,000 persons, based on estimates of the U.S. resident population. The time periods 1979–1982, 1986–1989, and 1993–1996 were examined for changes over time. To describe NHL and HIV infection mortality, the characteristics of NHL deaths with HIV infection listed anywhere on the death records were examined beginning in 1987. This study found that despite reports of a lower incidence rate of NHL among blacks with HIV/AIDS, death rates from lymphomas associated with HIV/AIDS have markedly increased in black males and females over time. It was also noted that in agreement with other studies, this study documented a decrease in NHL/HIV mortality in 1996. Am. J. Hematol. 66:159–166, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Managing the Medical Arms Race: Policy and Medical Device Innovation
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: JAMA (1993)

As the technology of health care has grown in significant amount and cost, its most publicly visible feature has been its machines and materials, called, in the language of regulation, medical devices. They are the subject of this volume. Susan Bartlett Foote has done fine work in presenting the story of how medical devices, developed through research funding and manufacture, are brought to the marketplace and regulated in use. She discusses the principal institutions behind these events: the National Institutes of Health, the medical device industry, and government agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration, the Health Care Financing Administration, and the courts. The battle between the forces of innovation and regulation is played out on these pages. Described are the cases of computed tomographic scanners, pacemakers, intrauterine devices, heart valves, and so forth. The book then provides in one place a splendid source of brief histories of major
Direct Blood Pressure Measurements in Brachial and Femoral Arteries in Children
Authors: MYUNG K. PARK, WARREN G. GUNTHEROTH
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Intra-arterial pressure in the brachial artery was compared with that in the femoral artery in children. There were no significant differences in systolic, diastolic, or mean pressures. The average auscultatory systolic pressure in the arm, obtained with a cuff 20% wider than the limb, was identical to the average direct systolic pressure in the brachial and femoral arteries. The auscultatory systolic pressure in the leg, using the same criterion for cuff width, was 11 mm Hg higher than the direct pressures. The discrepancy could represent (1) a systematic error in cuff size of inadequate width or length or (2) additional systolic amplification between the femoral and popliteal arteries. Since the femoral pressure is widely used in cardiac catheterization, this pressure is suggested as the standard for calibrating auscultatory technics. For leg blood pressure measurements a cuff at least 25% wider than the average leg diameter and long enough to encircle the limb is recommended.
Cryothermal mapping of the sinus node in dogs: a simple method of localising dominant and latent pacemakers
Authors: R. J HARIMAN, D. HU, K. J BECKMAN, J. A C GOMES, J. L BAUMAN, N. EL-SHERIF
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

To investigate the potential use of cryothermal mapping to localise the sites of the dominant and latent pacemakers of the sinus node, we compared the results of cryothermal and electrical mapping of the sinus node in 16 dogs. In all dogs, cooling (−5 to +5°C) of a localised epicardial area of about 3 × 3 mm2 close to the sulcus terminalis (area 1) resulted in a decrease in heart rate and a change in the P wave configuration. Cooling of an additional area of up to 15 × 3 mm2 (area 2) while cooling of area 1 was maintained resulted in a further decrease in heart rate and a further change in P wave configuration until junctional rhythm occurred. In all dogs areas 1 and 2 could be identified within 5 min. The heart rate and P wave configuration returned to control following cooling suggesting no adverse effect of cooling on the sinus node in this temperature range. In dogs with sufficiently slow heart rates, recording from area 1 showed diastolic and upstroke slopes followed by primary negativity, indicating that area 1 was the area of the dominant pacemaker. Recording from area 2 showed only diastolic slopes indicating that area 2 was the area of the latent pacemaker. Compared to electrical mapping for identifying diastolic slope, upstroke slope and primary negativity or earliest atrial activation, cryothermal mapping is a simple, quick and safe procedure for localisation of the sinus pacemakers. Unlike recording of sinus nodal electrograms, cryothermal mapping can be performed in the presence of rapid heart rates. Clinical application of the technique during cardiac surgery may help prevent damage to the sinus node and reduce the incidence of postoperative sinus node dysfunction.
Beneficial Effect of Diabetes on Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Folke Lithner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is characterized by attacks of abdominal pain and neuropsychiatric symptoms. In northern Sweden, about half of those patients carrying the gene encoding for this condition have experienced attacks with abdominal pain, more frequently and more severely affecting women.

In biochemical terms, AIP is an autosomal hereditary metabolic aberration resulting from a partial defect in the activity of the third-step enzyme (porphobilinogen deaminase [PBGD]) during the course of heme synthesis (1). Carbohydrate ingestion blocks d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-synthase, as has been demonstrated in numerous clinical and experimental studies. However, the mechanisms by which carbohydrates modulate the components of porphyrins and heme synthesis are highly complex and only partially elucidated to date (2).

The main long-term complications of AIP are polyneuropathy (3), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (4), and renal insufficiency (5). Treatment of AIP patients entails treating both the symptoms and the complications, but also requires an endeavor to reverse the fundamental …
Applied Biochemistry of Clinical Disorders
Authors: Nathaniel I. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1982)

There has been and there appears to be a continuing increase in the number of biochemical analyses (tests) used to diagnose disease and to monitor disease progress, and there is every reason to believe that the number will increase. At the same time, our knowledge of fundamental biochemistry (in its broadest sense) is also increasing. What to teach medical students then becomes a matter of concern. Certainly, they must be given a sound base in biochemistry and, where possible, the biochemistry of man, but as they begin to approach clinical medicine, they must be given an introduction to the use of biochemistry for the care of the patient. They must be taught what disease processes can be evaluated by biochemical tests and the relationships of the test used to the disease process. This is the applied biochemistry of man. This text by Gornall and 24 colleagues (with one exception Canadians)