tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity by Stress Radionuclide Cineangiography in Conjunction with Fourier Amplitude and Phase Analysis
Authors: KARL E. ALCAN, WILLIAM ROBESON, MARTIN C. GRAHAM, CHRISTOPHER PALESTRO, FRANCIS H. OLIVER, RICHARD S. BENUA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Thirty-three cases of anthracycline related cardiotoxicity occurred in our institution in patients with a previously negative cardiovascular history, physical examination, and normal ECG. A total of 95 RNCA studies were performed in this group (73 studies Included both rest and exercise RNCA). Twenty-one patients had two or more serial studies. Seventeen had a normal, baseline prechemotherapy study and 16 had studies done following the initiation of therapy. Fourier analysis, consisting of amplitude and phase images, were created for each study. In the subset with a baseline study, the rest LVEF became abnormal first in two of 17 patients (12%), the rest or stress LVEF in ten of 17 (59%), the rest Fourier image analysis in ten of 17 (59%), and the rest or stress Fourier image analysis in 16 of 17 (94%). In the subset without a baseline study, the rest LVEF was abnormal in ten of 16 (63%), the rest or stress LVEF in 15 of 16, (94%), the rest Fourier image analysis in 16 of 16 (100%), and the rest or stress Fourier image analysis in 16 of 16 (100%). The authors conclude that: 1) the exercise RNCA is superior to the rest RNCA alone in the early detection of anthracycline related cardiotoxicity, 2) the single most sensitive indicator of cardiotoxicity is Fourier image analysis; and 3) sequential rest and stress RNCA studies with Fourier amplitude and phase analysis is the most sensitive, noninvasive method of evaluating patients who receive potentially cardiotoxic agents.
Human liver transplant perfusate: An abundant source of donor liver-associated leukocytes
Authors: J R Jonsson, P G Hogan, G A Balderson, L L Ooi, S V Lynch, R W Strong, E E Powell
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In vitro studies designed to examine the mechanisms of immune tolerance after liver transplantation in humans have been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient numbers of donor liver-associated leukocytes (LALs). We have investigated whether the ex vivo perfusion of donor livers releases a population of LALs that can be readily retrieved from the waste fluid. The mean number of cells recovered after Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient separation was 2.6 ± 0.5 × 10 8 cells, with a viability of 94% ± 2%. The perfusate lymphocytes comprised mainly T cells (39% ± 2%) with a very low CD4/CD8 ratio and natural killer (NK) cells (56% ± 6%) with an increase in the proportion of the CD3 - CD56 + CD16 - subset. The activation marker CD69 was present on the majority of the perfusate lymphocytes. These are the phenotypic characteristics that have been previously reported for lymphocytes isolated from hepatic sinusoids. In mixed lymphocyte reactions, the perfusate cells showed a marked increase in the ability to stimulate allogeneic responder cells, resulting in 353% ± 78% (P = .003) greater incorporation of [ 3 H]thymidine in responder cells when compared with stimulation by donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results show that large numbers of viable donor lymphocytes can be readily isolated from the liver perfusate solution. These cells have the characteristics of liver-associated lymphocytes with a predominance of activated NK and CD8 + T cells. This population can now be used in in vitro assays to elucidate the influence of donor leukocytes on the development of graft acceptance.
Government must produce "credible evidence" to support seven day working, BMA says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The government’s plans for seven day services in the NHS lack “credible evidence” and risk wasting resources and endangering patient safety, the BMA has warned.

In a submission of evidence to the Doctors’ and Dentists’ Review Body for NHS consultants’ and junior doctors’ contracts1 the BMA said that the government had failed to produce detailed evidence and modelling on the changes that it wished to introduce, which made it “impossible for doctors to sign up.”

It added, “Furthermore, we believe that pursuing an ill informed seven day service model would be, at best, wasteful for the NHS and would, at worst, threaten patient safety. Implementation of seven …
Accidental carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: D. L. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE SEVERE winters of 1976 to 1977 and 1977 to 1978 and the current energy crisis have led to improved home insulation and the increased use of space heaters. This has substantially increased the potential for accidental carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings in the home. The use of internal combustional engines in any relatively closed environment can also cause CO poisoning. Since the symptoms of CO poisoning are nonspecific, many conditions will escape early diagnosis unless physicians consider this diagnostic possibility in patients with headache, nausea or vomiting, or confusional state. Our first understanding of the pathophysiology of CO dates from the work of Claude Bernard in 1857, when he ascribed the toxic effects to tissue hypoxia. In 1895, Haldane<sup>1</sup>described the underlying mechanism for CO toxicity when he demonstrated that CO reversibly interacted with hemoglobin, blocking the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, thus causing tissue hypoxia. He also demonstrated
Which anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: J M Gumpel
Journal: BMJ (1978)

et al,2 in their paper evaluating the Copper 7, reported one perforation in 1156 insertions.These cases are presented to draw attention to the possibility of migration of copper IUCDs and to the necessity for early laparotomy in all cases of intra-abdominal copper-bearing IUCDs.Unless the operation is performed soon after the entry of the copper device into the peritoneal cavity, laparotomy, not laparoscopy, will be needed because of the tendency for dense adhesions to form.
P1130 FUTILITY TESTING AT TREATMENT WEEK 8 IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) GENOTYPE 1 INFECTION RECEIVING BOCEPREVIR: A POST HOC ANALYSIS
Authors: I.M. Jacobson, M. Silva, S. Bruno, J.-L. Calleja, B. Bacon, R. Esteban, F. Poordad, J.-P. Bronowicki, M.S. Sulkowski, J.M. Vierling, S. Flamm, L. Colvard, S. Thompson, K. Koury, F.A. Helmond, K. Alves, J. Wahl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein cures fas-induced acute liver failure in mice by attenuating free-radical damage in injured livers
Authors: Nicolas Moniaux, Haiyan Song, Marion Darnaud, Kévin Garbin, Michelle Gigou, Claudia Mitchell, Didier Samuel, Laure Jamot, Paul Amouyal, Gilles Amouyal, Christian Bréchot, Jamila Faivre
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare syndrome with a difficult clinical management and a high mortality rate. During ALF, several molecular pathways governing oxidative stress and apoptosis are activated to induce massive tissue injury and suppress cell proliferation. There are few anti-ALF drug candidates, among which is the C-type lectin Reg3α, or human hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP), which displayed promising properties for tissue regeneration and protection against cellular stress in transgenic mice. We report on substantial preclinical and clinical advances in the development of a recombinant (rc) full-length human HIP/PAP protein as an anti-ALF drug. The curative effects and mechanisms of action of rcHIP/PAP were investigated in murine Fas-induced ALF. Primary hepatocytes were cultured with cytotoxic doses of tumor necrosis factor α/actinomycin-D, transforming growth factor β, agonistic Fas antibody or hydrogen peroxide, and various concentrations of rcHIP/PAP. Cell viability, proliferation index, apoptosis, and oxidation were monitored. We found that rcHIP/PAP significantly improved survival in Fas-intoxicated mice in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, with optimum effects when it was injected at advanced stages of ALF. Primary hepatocytes were efficiently protected against multiple cell death signals by rcHIP/PAP. This survival benefit was linked to a depletion of oxidized biomolecules in injured liver cells due to a strong reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of rcHIP/PAP. Clinically, an escalating dose phase 1 trial demonstrated a good tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of rcHIP/PAP in healthy subjects.The rcHIP/PAP protein exhibited significant curative properties against ALF in mice. It is a free-radical scavenger that targets a broad spectrum of death effectors and favors liver regeneration. The good safety profile of rcHIP/PAP during a phase 1 trial encourages evaluation of its efficacy in patients with ALF.
Pathology of the Female Genital Tract
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This large-folio, 3-kg volume is edited by Ancel Blaustein, who contributes six of the 39 chapters. It follows the usual pattern of gynecologic and obstetric pathology books with discussions of vulva, vagina, cervix, endometrium, myometrium, tubes, and ovaries. There are six chapters devoted to the anatomy and pathology of pregnancy, including gestational-trophoblastic disease. Additional chapters discuss embryology, malformations, the hormones of the menstrual cycle, disorders of sex differentiation, assay of the amniotic fluid for maturational and genetic aberrations, cytology, the gross description and processing of obstetric and gynecologic tissues. The two last chapters discuss induced and naturally occurring tumors of the genital tract in animals. The chapters vary considerably in excellence, but all those on gynecologic pathology are encyclopedic, presenting complete discussions, including minutiae and rarities. The chapters on the vulva and vagina and particularly those on the cervix by Alex Ferenczy, on the epithelial tumors of the ovary by
On Traffic Thrombosis, Coronary Clubs and Progress
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

AT a recent two-day conference at the Royal College of Physicians the problems of occlusive arterial disease were thoroughly reviewed. In particular the relation of coronary-artery disease to sex, age, diet and the modern way of life was reviewed by experts in the field.In general there was no great enthusiasm among those present for correcting the sex difference by eating of estrogens, nor for trying to eliminate lipids from their bodies by the aid of vegetable oils. Suggestions that permanent anticoagulant therapy, starting at some unspecified age, would be beneficial were received with murmurs of "rat poison," and although . . .
Cerebral Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: S. H. Tsai, Ronald E. Cranford, Gaylan L. Rockswold, Shirley Koehler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CEREBRAL radionuclide angiography or angioscintigraphy was once a common diagnostic procedure, generally as an integral part of nuclear brain scanning. In recent years, however, computed tomography has largely replaced brain scanning, and cerebral angioscintigraphy is being used only as a noninvasive alternative to contrast angiography, particularly in situations where the dynamic status of circulation is under question, but the anatomic detail is of less concern. A prime example of such a situation is suspected brain death. In some 30 states of the Union, a patient is considered legally dead if his or her brain is dead. Brain death means the irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain, including those of the brainstem. Several sets of diagnostic criteria for brain death have been published.<sup>1-4</sup>With few exceptions, the general requirements are as follows: (1) the patient is in deep coma; (2) spontaneous respiration is absent; (3) all reflexes, especially
Overuse Syndromes Among Endoscopists
Authors: R. Buschbacher
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

A survey of 400 gastroenterological endoscopists was carried out to determine what kinds of overuse syndromes they suffer from as a result of doing endoscopic procedures. The response rate was 72 %. Thumb pain, hand pain, elbow pain, low back pain, and possibly shoulder pain all appear to be caused by endoscopy to at least some extent. Physicians who perform the most procedures tend to have the highest risk of developing such problems. Age, sex, practice setting, and hobbies did not seem to have an impact on the overuse conditions identified. These conditions are most likely due to the equipment and technique of endoscopy. Further study is needed to determine the anatomic lesions causing the various pain states, so that they can be treated or prevented.
The role of surgery following incomplete response to high-dose IL-2 (HD IL-2)
Authors: Tasha Hughes, Gail Iodice, Sanjib Basu, Steven Bines, Howard Kaufman
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Surgical resection of metastatic cancer is beneficial in select patients with cancer. HD IL-2 is an FDA approved immunotherapy for the treatment of patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. IL-2 induces a complete response (CR) in 4-10% of patients while an additional 10% of
OC-110 Single center experience of groove pancreatitis
Authors: G Marangoni, K Dickinson, S Bokhari, A Hakeem, Z Hamady, R Storey, G Morris-Stiff, A M Smith
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Groove pancreatitis (GP) is a form of chronic segmental pancreatitis. Due to increased awareness of the condition, a greater number of cases have been reported in recent years. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous, with abdominal pain and gastric outlet obstruction considered the most common, and can mimic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Most of the published literature is represented by small series. Aim of the study is to describe our experience in the management of this condition. <h3>Methods</h3> From January 2005 to December 2011, 47 patients with GP were treated in our Unit. 33 males (M:F=2.3:1); mean age was 50 (31–84), average number of hospital admissions was 4 (0–20), mean hospital stay was 10 days (1–82). Eight patients needed HDU/ICU support. Aetiology was alcohol in 41 (87%) and 13 were abstinent for more than 6 months at last follow-up. Amylase was elevated (3xN) on admission in 22. The most common feature was abdominal pain (n=40, 85%) and 50% (n=20) required daily use of opioids. Gastric outlet obstruction (n=7), jaundice (n=11) and acute renal failure (n=5) were less frequent. Exocrine insufficiency was present in 23 (49%). 13 had a dilated pancreatic duct (&gt;5 mm) and 6 developed portal hypertension. Median follow-up was 34 months. <h3>Results</h3> There were five deaths, one due to GP. 29 patients were treated conservatively; 11 required enteral feeding. 4 had ERCP and biliary stenting, two of which subsequently underwent biliary reconstruction. One patient had a pancreatic stent and then a Berne9s procedure. Endoscopic drainage for pseudocyst (n=2), cholecystectomy (n=6) for sludge/stones, gastric bypass (n=3), Puestow procedure (n=1), Whipple9s operation (n=4, two of which later required thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy—TS), TS (n=3), celiac plexus block (n=2) were the other interventions. Overall 28 (66%) patients are well with no or occasional use of analgesia, six patients still experience recurrent hospital admissions and 8 require regular use of analgesia but with improved symptoms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The majority of GP is caused by alcohol excess. GP can be effectively treated conservatively and pain (the most common symptom) managed with simple analgesia. Despite good support the majority remain addicted to alcohol. Radical surgery should be reserved for complex cases, as it is not always effective for pain relief, and when there is a diagnostic dilemma. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Clinically Significant? Depends on Whom You Ask
Authors: Liza-Marie Johnson, Christopher L. Church, Michael F. Walsh, Justin N. Baker
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the Institutional Ethics Committee at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital for previously consulting on this issue and David Galloway in scientific editing for valuable comments in editing this commentary. This work was supported in part by the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC). Notes The Pediatric Cancer Genome Project is a project to sequence the entire genomes of both normal and cancer cells from each participant, comparing differences in the DNA to identify the genetic mistakes that lead to cancer (http://www.pediatriccancergenomeproject.org). It is likely that incidental yet clinically significant variants will be identified in participant samples during sequencing. We advocate consideration of adult, mature minor, and younger minor. Conditions considered obligatory for disclosure are included in Category 1. A risk associated with the disclosure of IGRR involves the burdens of genetic testing in relatives and the economic fallout of additional surveillance (diagnostic imaging, laboratory work, medical procedures). Discussions of the economics of genetic testing and the availability of lower cost genomic sequencing via companies on the Internet could be an entire peer commentary. Chan and colleagues’ discussion of the wife of Participant 3 indicates filtering of information: “she felt that her daughters would not be interested.” It would be helpful for genomic research studies to have a board-certified geneticist available to support counselors with complex disclosures.
LKB1 and AMPK regulate synaptic remodeling in old age
Authors: Melanie A Samuel, P Emanuela Voinescu, Brendan N Lilley, Rafa de Cabo, Marc Foretz, Benoit Viollet, Basil Pawlyk, Michael A Sandberg, Demetrios G Vavvas, Joshua R Sanes
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Radionuclide Imaging of Jejunoileal Duplication Cyst in a Child
Authors: Murat Alkan, Merdan Turker, Aygul P. Kelle, Zeynep Yapar, Hasan Okur, Isik Olcay
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 2-and-a-half-year-old boy was hospitalized for painless bloody stools for the last few months. The patient underwent Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy to confirm the presence of a Meckel diverticulum. Images showed generalized increased uptake in the inferior area of the stomach. At laparotomy, a 70-cm long jejunoileal cystic and tubular duplication was resected. Histologic examination showed gastric mucosal lining and hemorrhagic areas. The importance of Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy for the diagnosis in heterotopic gastric mucosa is highlighted.
A US multicenter study of hepatitis C treatment of liver transplant recipients with protease-inhibitor triple therapy
Authors: James R. Burton, Jacqueline G. O’Leary, Elizabeth C. Verna, Varun Saxena, Jennifer L. Dodge, Richard T. Stravitz, Joshua Levitsky, James F. Trotter, Gregory T. Everson, Robert S. Brown, Norah A. Terrault
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Chikungunya Virus in the Americas — What a Vectorborne Pathogen Can Do
Authors: J. Erin Staples, Marc Fischer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

As of early August, more than half a million cases of chikungunya virus infection had been reported in the Americas. The rapid spread is probably attributable to a lack of population immunity and the broad distribution in the Americas of vectors capable of transmitting the virus.
Comparative Analysis of Eubacterial DNA Polymerase III Alpha Subunits
Authors: Xiao-Qian Zhao, Jian-Fei Hu, Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

DNA polymerase III is one of the five eubacterial DNA polymerases that is responsible for the replication of DNA duplex. Among the ten subunits of the DNA polymerase III core enzyme, the alpha subunit catalyzes the reaction for polymerizing both DNA strands. In this study, we extracted genomic sequences of the alpha subunit from 159 sequenced eubacterial genomes, and carried out sequence-based phylogenetic and structural analyses. We found that all eubacterial genomes have one or more alpha subunits, which form either homodimers or heterodimers. Phylogenetic and domain structural analyses as well as copy number variations of the alpha subunit in each bacterium indicate the classification of alpha subunit into four basic groups: polC, dnaE1, dnaE2, and dnaE3. This classification is of essence in genome composition analysis. We also consolidated the naming convention to avoid further confusion in gene annotations.
Normal and abnormal intestinal absorption by humans
Authors: William D. Heizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Adults eating a Western diet digest and absorb ingested food containing approximately 100 g fat, 350 g carbohydrate, and 75 g protein daily. Normal fat absorption requires adequate gastric, pancreatic, liver-biliary, mucosal, and lymphatic function. Carbohydrate and protein absorption is much less dependent on liver-biliary and lymphatic function. The intestine has a large reserve capacity for digestion and absorption of nutrients which is due to both excess function and to adaptive changes which increase function in one segment of the digestive-absorptive system when it is decreased or lost in another segment. The large reserve capacity explains why most of the prevalent intestinal diseases seldom cause clinically detectable changes in absorption. However, there are more than 30 less-common human diseases which cause malabsorption of one or more nutrients. Those that cause the malabsorption syndrome, i.e., steatorrhea and weight loss, can be conveniently categorized according to the major deficiency leading to the absorptive defect as follows: insufficient pancreatic enzyme activity, insufficient bile acid, disease of the small intestinal wall, multiple defects, mechanism unknown, and drug-induced malabsorption. A few diseases, most of which are congenital, cause malabsorption of only one or a few related nutrients such as lactose malabsorption in lactase deficiency. Most of the tests currently in use for detecting and diagnosing the cause of malabsorption are relatively insensitive and nonspecific. Chemical analysis of the fat in a three-day stool collection remains the single best test for diagnosing the malabsorption syndrome. However, a breath test using Triolein labeled with either the radioactive or stable isotope of carbon may be an important recent advance. Other breath tests are also currently being investigated for quantitating absorption or malabsorption of various substances including bile acids and various sugars. Studies of the function of the intestinal epithelial cells are usually best accomplished using tissue obtained by per oral biopsy. Biopsy specimens are used for many types of study including light and electron microscopic examination, chemical and enzymatic assays, tissue culture, and uptake of various radiolabeled compounds.
Chronic Nephritis Due to Ingestion of Lead-Contaminated Flour
Authors: V. Danilovic
Journal: BMJ (1958)

DISSEMINATED LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUSBRrrmH 27Little attention seems to have been given to the effects of cortisone treatment upon the appearance of the vascular lesions in this condition.In the present case both active and old organized foci were found at necropsy.Brunsting et al.(1951) stated that there was little alteration in the tissue changes following cortisone treatment.We conclude that by prolonging life it is likely that a greater proportion of organized lesions will be found at necropsy.No changes in the arteries so impressive as those found in polyarteritis nodosa after cortisone treatment by Baggenstoss et al. (1951) or after adrenocorticotrophic hormone by Symmers (1953) were to be seen, although the arterial lesions in the two diseases are in many ways alike, partictularly when large vessels are affected. SummarA case of disseminated lupus erythematosus is described in which gangrene affected both legs in turn.Widespread, active, necrotizing vascular changes were found and many similar lesions which had undergone organization.Arterial thrombosis had occurred in the legs.The effects of systemic cortisone treatment upon the vascular changes in this disease are briefly commented upon.