tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Novel Diagnostic Method for Pulmonary Aspiration in a Murine Model
Authors: OKAN ELIDEMIR, LELAND L. FAN, GIUSEPPE N. COLASURDO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Aspiration of foreign material into the lungs has been implicated in the etiology of a variety of pulmonary disorders. Although aspiration is a common clinical problem, its diagnosis represents a major challenge due to the lack of sensitive and/or specific tests. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a novel diagnostic method in a murine model of milk aspiration. Under light anesthesia, BALB/c mice received either single or repeated intranasal instillation of milk. Control animals received sterile physiologic saline or were infected with respiratory pathogens in a similar manner. After isolation and cannulation of the trachea, mouse lungs were lavaged with PBS at various time points after the last aspiration event. Cells were recovered for Oil Red O (ORO) staining as well as immunocytochemistry for milk proteins: α -lactalbumin and β -lactoglobulin. After single aspiration of milk, a large number of alveolar macrophages displayed a strong immunoreactivity for α -lactalbumin for 2–96 h. After single and repeated aspiration, the percentage of positive cells for α -lactalbumin was significantly higher when compared with ORO staining at 24, 48, and 72 h (p < 0.05). No immunoreactivity for milk proteins was found in alveolar macrophages obtained from our control groups. These findings demonstrate that immunocytochemical staining of milk proteins within alveolar macrophages represents a novel, sensitive, and specific test for the diagnosis of aspiration in a murine model. Elidemir O, Fan LL, Colasurdo GN. A novel diagnostic method for pulmonary aspiration in a murine model: immunocytochemical staining of milk proteins in alveolar macrophages.
Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: William P. Steffee
Journal: JAMA (1980)

"MALNUTRITION" is a medically definable syndrome that is responsive to therapy. Yet most physicians accept protein malnutrition as an inevitable consequence of illness, and wasting continues in patients even though nutrition intervention techniques are available for those in whom a chance exists for recovery from their primary illness. <h3>NUTRITIONAL HISTORY Fuel Reserves and Metabolism</h3> To understand the development of protein-calorie malnutrition in the hospitalized patient, we first have to understand the energy reserves available to the healthy person and the interplay between various fuels, both exogenous and endogenous, as patients respond to disease and therapy. In Fig 1 the energy reserves of a 70-kg man are presented diagramatically. Even the nonobese person has approximately 135,000 calories stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue. Such fuels are useful and can be consumed during periods of stress. There is little stored carbohydrate, with perhaps 80 calories available from circulating glucose, 250 to 300
CHROMATOPHOROTROPIC PRINCIPLE OF THE PARS INTERMEDIA OF THE PITUITARY
Authors: BERNHARD ZONDEK
Journal: JAMA (1935)

It has long been known that the hypophysis produces an active substance which exerts an influence on the chromatophores of cold-blooded animals. When one injects an extract of the posterior lobe of the pituitary into the lymph sac of a light colored frog (one previously exposed to light rays), the color of the skin becomes dark after a very brief interval. This change in color is due to the marked expansion of the melanophores. 1 Swingle, as well as Allen, Atwell and Smith, elicited a darkening of the skin in both normal and hypophysectomized tadpoles, by means of implantation of posterior pituitary tissue and by placing the animals into solutions of posterior pituitary extract. The expansion of melanophores can be elicited also by placing pieces of skin which have been cut from the animal into an extract of the posterior pituitary; the differing degrees of expansion have been
Fatal Air Embolism in Artificial Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: E. G. Sita-Lumsden, R. H. Elphinstone
Journal: BMJ (1950)

MEDICAL JOURNALwhich was giving most trouble.By this means he was able to get up and walk.After two months the plaster spica was replaced by a block leather one, and the man has steadily improved so that he now needs no splintage whilst in the house and uses his spica only for going out of doors.
INTRADERMAL VACCINATION AGAINST SMALLPOX
Authors: LOUIS T. WRIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1918)

By intradermal vaccination is meant the deposition of smallpox virus between the layers of the skin. In the days of smallpox inoculations, Sutton,<sup>1</sup>and later Dimsdale,<sup>2</sup>in their respective methods aimed to deposit the variolous material between the skin layers. Ruhräh,<sup>3</sup>in describing the various methods of vaccination, says, "Another method is the intradermic injections of the lymph, which is done with a hypodermic syringe, the needle being introduced not through the skin but into it, and a small quantity of lymph injected." He gives no further description of the technic used, nor any reference to the original work on which the statement is based. Force and Beckwith,<sup>4</sup>as a result of their study of the skin reactions following the intradermal injection of vaccine into rabbits previously sensitized by vaccination, offer injection of virus as a method for the laboratory diagnosis of smallpox. The articles by
Increased expression of immunoreactive thymic stromal lymphopoietin in patients with severe asthma
Authors: Aarti Shikotra, David F. Choy, Chandra M. Ohri, Emma Doran, Claire Butler, Beverley Hargadon, Maria Shelley, Alexander R. Abbas, Cary D. Austin, Janet Jackman, Lawren C. Wu, Liam G. Heaney, Joseph R. Arron, Peter Bradding
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Defect in urinary acidification induced in vitro by amphotericin B
Authors: Philip R. Steinmetz, Lois R. Lawson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

An experimental defect in urinary acidification was induced in the isolated turtle bladder by amphotericin B and the nature of the defect was examined. Net hydrogen ion secretion was little affected by amphotericin when passive electrochemical forces across the epithelium were held at a minimum in the short-circuited state under isohydric conditions. Hydrogen ion secretion against a gradient, however, was markedly reduced by amphotericin and abolished at gradients of more than 2 pH units.The results suggest that impaired acidification is caused by increased passive permeability of the luminal membrane and increased back diffusion of hydrogen ion rather than by failure of active transport. This interpretation is supported by evidence that amphotericin causes a large increase in the permeability to potassium and smaller increases in the sodium and chloride permeabilities. This mechanism of impaired acidification in vitro may have bearing on the renal tubular defect observed in patients treated with amphotericin B.
The kinetics of change in cytokine production by CD4+ T cells during conventional allergen immunotherapy
Authors: Suwat Benjaponpitak, Amy Oro, Peter Maguire, Vince Marinkovich, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Dale T. Umetsu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

The effect of conventional allergen immunotherapy on allergen-specific T lymphocyte cytokine production is incompletely understood, particularly during the initial phase of treatment.The purpose of this study was to prospectively follow the kinetics of change in CD4(+) T cell cytokine secretion during the course of conventional immunotherapy.Six allergic individuals were treated with extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae/Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or with rye grass pollen (Lolium perenne) allergen, but not both, by using an internally controlled conventional immunotherapy protocol. CD4(+) T cells from peripheral blood were examined in vitro at varying intervals after the initiation of immunotherapy by stimulation with D farinae or L perenne group I antigen. The quantity of IL-4 and IFN-gamma produced and its relationship to clinical improvement was determined.The ratio of allergen-specific IL-4/IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells from 4 of 6 individuals receiving immunotherapy greatly increased during the period when the dose of allergen was increasing. However, after high-dose maintenance therapy was achieved, this ratio decreased in subjects responding clinically to, but not in those failing, immunotherapy. In addition, late-phase skin reactions and allergen-specific IgE levels in responding, but not in nonresponding, subjects diminished over the course of immunotherapy.Conventional immunotherapy may initially exacerbate allergic disease by increasing allergen-specific IL-4 and allergen-specific IgE production. Later clinical improvement is associated with a reduction in allergen-specific IL-4 production and in allergen-specific serum IgE.
Improving the Image of the Physician
Authors: John F. Schilke
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is seldom that I take time to read all of the letters in any medical journal, but the one by Dr. Rosenberg inThe Journal(226:565, 1973) caught my eye. I could not more heartily agree with the points raised by Dr. Rosenberg, but I feel that it is a sad indictment of present medicine that it is necessary to publish such a letter. I feel that his views should be more widely disseminated among the physicians of this country with a view toward increased understanding of the dangers both to individual physicians and to medicine in general incurred by careless remarks, inadvertent deprecation of other physicians' efforts, or just plain unwarranted criticism. I trust that you might find it proper to see that these views are disseminated more widely with a view toward improving the image of medicine in the public's eye and perhaps in
RATE OF SUGAR ABSORPTION IN THE NEW-BORN
Authors: RANDOLPH G. FLOOD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

I present the results of a limited number of cases in which I have plotted the blood sugar curves of new-born infants following the ingestion of given sugars. The curves are not as numerous as I should desire, but I believe that they give a fairly accurate picture of the metabolism of the carbohydrates. In the cases studied, the number of children fed glucose was twelve; galactose, four; levulose, seven; maltose, eleven; lactose, fourteen, and sucrose, sixteen. Much work has been done on blood sugar curves, but, unfortunately, most of the observers working with children used Bang's method, which I believe is very unreliable. <h3>PROCEDURE</h3> The procedure was simple. The subjects were all infants aged under 14 days; some were breast fed and others bottle fed. The blood sugar was first determined; then the infant was given by gavage 3 gm. of the desired sugar per kilogram of body weight.
Vital Capacity as a Predictor of Premature Death
Authors: Thomas L. Petty
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 September 1993Vital Capacity as a Predictor of Premature DeathThomas L. Petty, MDThomas L. Petty, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pryor and colleagues' article [1] should interest all primary care physicians who want to pursue a cost-effective approach to the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Their study, however, ignores one of the best indicators of premature morbidity and mortality from heart disease, namely, vital capacity obtained from simple spirometry [2]. Indeed, all excess mortality can be predicted by spirometric measurements [3]. First introduced to medicine in 1846 by the surgeon John Hutchinson [4], the spirometer may be as useful in the office of all primary care physicians as electrocardiographic machines in identifying patients at risk ...References1. Pryor DB, Shaw L, McCants CB, Lee KL, Mark DB, Harrell FE Jr, et al. Value of the history and physical in identifying patients at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:81-90. Google Scholar2. Kannel WB, Lew EA, Hubert HB, Castelli WP. The value of measuring vital capacity for prognostic purposes. Trans Assoc Life Insur Med Dir Am. 1980; 64:66-83. Google Scholar3. Beaty TH, Newill CA, Cohen BH, Tockman MS, Bryant SH, Spurgeon HA. Effects of pulmonary function on mortality. J Chron Dis. 1985; 38:703-10. Google Scholar4. Hutchinson J. On the capacity of the lungs and on the respiratory function with a view of establishing a precise and easy method of detecting disease by the spirometer. Trans Med Cir Suc (London). 1846; 29:137-252. Google Scholar5. Sorlie P, Lakotos E, Kannel WB, et al. Influence of cigarette smoking in lung function at baseline and at follow up in 14 years. The Framingham Study. J Chronic Dis. 1987; 40:819-53. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas L. Petty, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 6Page: 538-539KeywordsCardiovascular therapyElectrocardiographyLongitudinal studiesLungsMorbidityMortalityPrimary care physiciansSpirometryStable coronary artery diseaseSurgeons ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Factors Affecting the Association between Ambient Concentrations and Personal Exposures to Particles and Gases
Authors: Stefanie Ebelt Sarnat, Brent A. Coull, Joel Schwartz, Diane R. Gold, Helen H. Suh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Results from air pollution exposure assessment studies suggest that ambient fine particles [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μg (PM2.5)], but not ambient gases, are strong proxies of corresponding personal exposures. For particles, the strength of the personal–ambient association can differ by particle component and level of home ventilation. For gases, however, such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the impact of home ventilation on personal–ambient associations is untested. We measured 24-hr personal exposures and corresponding ambient concentrations to PM2.5, sulfate (SO42−), elemental carbon, O3, NO2, and SO2 for 10 nonsmoking older adults in Steubenville, Ohio. We found strong associations between ambient particle concentrations and corresponding personal exposures. In contrast, although significant, most associations between ambient gases and their corresponding exposures had low slopes and R2 values; the personal–ambient NO2 association in the fall season was moderate. For both particles and gases, personal–ambient associations were highest for individuals spending most of their time in high- compared with low-ventilated environments. Cross-pollutant models indicated that ambient particle concentrations were much better surrogates for exposure to particles than to gases. With the exception of ambient NO2 in the fall, which showed moderate associations with personal exposures, ambient gases were poor proxies for both gas and particle exposures. In combination, our results suggest that a) ventilation may be an important modifier of the magnitude of effect in time-series health studies, and b) results from time-series health studies based on 24-hr ambient concentrations are more readily interpretable for particles than for gases.
THE MAGNESIUM CONTENT OF THE ERYTHROCYTES IN PERNICIOUS AND SOME OTHER ANEMIAS
Authors: Ole Bang, Søren L. Ørskov
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

The authors have previously reported (1) vari- ations in the permeability of the red blood cells in pernicious anemia.In spite of the considerable r6le played by magnesium in important fields of biology, comparatively little study has been di- rected towards the magnesium content of the hu- man red blood cells.Greenberg and Schmidt (2) state that magnesium is present in normal eryth- rocytes in quantities between 5.4 and 7.8 mgm.per cent, and that during anemia readings up to 15 mgm.per cent may be obtained.Animal experiments carried out by Henriques and Qrskov (3) gave results suggesting that an increased magnesium content is a property of newly formed red cells.Anemia was induced in rabbits and dogs, either by bleeding or by injection of phenylhydrazine.During the regen- erative stage, in which the young red blood cells are relatively more numerous, a considerable rise in erythrocyte magnesium was observed, occasionally after the bleeding, and regularly in the phenylhydrazine experiments.This evidence seemed to warrant the probability that information regarding human anemic states might be obtained through investigations into the magnesium content of the erythrocytes, and the following study was undertaken. SexAge Hemoglobin Erythrocytes Magnesium years pr cextmillions Per mgm.
The Principles of Hygiene: A Practical Manual for Students. Physicians, and Health Officers.
Authors: D. H. Bergey
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The sixth edition of this well known manual continues to embody the features that have recommended it since its first publication. It is always difficult in such a work to keep the pages abreast of current progress. We note (page 117) that the discussion of the New York water supply is somewhat antiquated, no reference being made to the new Catskill system. Again we find (page 125) that the continuous process of sand filtration is said to be in useat Hamburg, although it has been many years since that city resorted to ground water sources. The latest report of the Committee of the American Public Health Association on Standard Methods of Water Examination does not seem to have been consulted in formulating the discussion of bacterial examination of water on pages 148 and 149. The paragraphs on Rocky Mountain spotted fever (pages 416-418) are quite out of date. A few
The evolution of cellular deficiency in GATA2 mutation
Authors: Rachel E. Dickinson, Paul Milne, Laura Jardine, Sasan Zandi, Sabina I. Swierczek, Naomi McGovern, Sharon Cookson, Zaveyna Ferozepurwalla, Alexander Langridge, Sarah Pagan, Andrew Gennery, Tarja Heiskanen-Kosma, Sari Hämäläinen, Mikko Seppänen, Matthew Helbert, Eleni Tholouli, Eleonora Gambineri, Sigrún Reykdal, Magnús Gottfreðsson, James E. Thaventhiran, Emma Morris, Gideon Hirschfield, Alex G. Richter, Stephen Jolles, Chris M. Bacon, Sophie Hambleton, Muzlifah Haniffa, Yenan Bryceson, Carl Allen, Josef T. Prchal, John E. Dick, Venetia Bigley, Matthew Collin
Journal: Blood (2013)
Environmental neurotoxic illness: research for prevention.
Authors: P J Landrigan, D G Graham, R D Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Recognition of the deleterious neurological effects of chemicals has evolved from anecdotal observation to studies of illness in persons exposed to high doses. Now, the more subtle effects of exposures to environmental neurotoxicants are being documented: reduction in intelligence, impairment in reasoning ability, shortening of attention span, and alteration of behavior. Substances to which millions of persons are exposed occupationally and in the general environment that can result in such deficits include lead, organophosphorus pesticides, certain chlorinated hydrocarbons, carbon disulfide, solvents, and mercury. The first step in the prevention of neurological impairments due to environmental exposures is to assess the toxicity of chemicals. Fewer than 10% of the 70,000 chemicals in commercial use have been evaluated for neurotoxicity. This knowledge gap needs to be narrowed by building on existing systems of toxicity testing. Concurrent with assessment of chemicals will be tiers of in vivo screening tests to measure functional and structural changes following exposures in vitro. Epidemiologic surveillance of populations at high risk will continue to inform on the ranking of suspect or known neurotoxicants. Research and researchers must become more sophisticated in the development and application of refined biologic markers so the findings can be used to detect absorption of toxicants and early neurological or neurobehavioral dysfunction before disability occurs and to protect human health and the environment.
951-71 A Cost Analysis of Intravascular Ultrasound Guided Coronary Stenting without Anticoagulation vs. the Traditional Method of Stenting with Anticoagulation
Authors: Simonetta Blengino, Shigeru Nakamura, Patrick Hall, Luigi Maiello, Elena Rocco, Leo Finci, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and its incidence after interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Akinori Kasahara, Norio Hayashi, Kiyoshi Mochizuki, Masahide Takayanagi, Kentaro Yoshioka, Shinichi Kakumu, Akihiro Iijima, Akihiko Urushihara, Kendo Kiyosawa, Michiari Okuda, Keisuke Hino, Kiwamu Okita
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

To elucidate the risk factors for liver carcinogenesis and to examine the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after interferon therapy, 1,022 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon were followed by ultrasonography for 13 to 97 months (median 36 months). Sustained response with prolonged alanine aminotransferase normalization was found in 313 patients, transient response with alanine aminotransferase relapse after therapy in 304, and no response in 405. Forty-six developed HCC, of whom 5 were sustained responders, 9 were transient responders, and 32 were nonresponders. The cumulative incidence of HCC in transient responders was almost equal to that in sustained responders, and it was significantly higher in nonresponders than in sustained and transient responders ( P = .0009). The seventh-year cumulative incidence rates of HCC in sustained responders, transient responders, and nonresponders were estimated to be 4.3%, 4.7%, and 26.1%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence of HCC between patients with HCV subtype 1 and 2 ( P = .14). Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of HCC development was not elevated in transient responders compared with sustained responders, but that the risk was 7.90-fold higher in nonresponders than in sustained responders ( P = .008). Patients ≥55 years of age had a significantly higher risk ratio (4.65) than did those under 55 years of age ( P = .006). The risk of HCC development in men was 4.35 times higher than the risk in women ( P = .02). However, the degree of fibrosis was not a significant risk factor for the development of HCC (risk ratio, 3.16; P = .052). These results suggest that patients in the high-risk group of HCC after interferon therapy were those who showed no response, those who were older, and those who were male, and that such patients should be carefully followed using ultrasonography.
Paracervical block with bupivacaine.
Authors: D. B. Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1968)

deficiency, complicated by the anaemia of infec- tion.His serum B12 proved to be in the normal range at 300 jIAg./mL and the serum folic acd low at 1.8 m/Ag./100ml.Serum iron was also low at 42 pg./100ml.He was transfused two
THE NEGRO AS A HEALTH PROBLEM
Authors: H. M. FOLKES
Journal: JAMA (1910)

In the South, regardless of hair-splitting dictionary or legal definitions, it is customary to regard as negro any person who is known to have any negro blood in his veins; this despite the fact that the Supreme Court of Louisiana has lately handed down a decision restricting the term "negro" to those having a greater proportion of negro blood than would occur in an octoroon. This decision, however much it may be law, has not been the custom. It may not be commonly known in the North that prior to the war it was the custom in the South among the better class of slave owners to give the very best care and attention to the slaves—to the house-servants as well as every other class of laborer generally. Of course, while due credit must be given to the humane motive at the bottom of this, it must be acknowledged that