tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Insig-1 in the livers of transgenic mice inhibits SREBP processing and reduces insulin-stimulated lipogenesis
Authors: Luke J. Engelking, Hiroshi Kuriyama, Robert E. Hammer, Jay D. Horton, Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein, Guosheng Liang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

In the current studies we generated transgenic mice that overexpress human Insig-1 in the liver under a constitutive promoter. In cultured cells Insig-1 and Insig-2 have been shown to block lipid synthesis in a cholesterol-dependent fashion by inhibiting proteolytic processing of sterol regulatory element–binding proteins (SREBPs), membrane-bound transcription factors that activate lipid synthesis. Insig's exert this action in the ER by binding SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) and preventing it from escorting SREBPs to the Golgi apparatus where the SREBPs are processed to their active forms. In the livers of Insig-1 transgenic mice, the content of all nuclear SREBPs (nSREBPs) was reduced and declined further upon feeding of dietary cholesterol. The nuclear content of the insulin-induced SREBP isoform, SREBP-1c, failed to increase to a normal extent upon refeeding on a high-carbohydrate diet. The nSREBP deficiency produced a marked reduction in the levels of mRNAs encoding enzymes required for synthesis of cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. Plasma cholesterol levels were strongly reduced, and plasma triglycerides did not exhibit their normal rise after refeeding. These results provide in vivo support for the hypothesis that nSREBPs are essential for high levels of lipid synthesis in the liver and indicate that Insig's modulate nSREBP levels by binding and retaining SCAP in the ER.
THE LIVER AS A SOURCE OF BACTERIAL AGGLUTININ
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Serum and tissues containing agglutinin for the hog cholera bacillus may be dried in vacuo over sulfuric acid without appreciably injuring the antibody. The desiccated material when extracted with appropriate amounts of distilled water offers a basis for accurate comparison of antibody content. The greatest concentration of agglutinin occurred in the liver, provided the animals injected with small amounts of antigen were killed within a short period. The serum of those more highly immunized contained the greatest concentration of antibody. A single injection of antigen into a radicle of the mesenteric vein resulted in a considerable concentration of agglutinin in the liver. Other experiments indicated that the liver does not act as a reservoir for the antibody. It has also been shown that this concentration of agglutinin cannot be ascribed to the blood left within the liver, since the blood serum was relatively poor in antibody. The experiments indicate that the agglutinin was produced within the liver.
Diverticular disease: threee studies. Part II - Treatment with bran.
Authors: A J Brodribb, D M Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Forty patients with diverticular disease were treated with wheat bran 24g/day for at least six months. Thirty-three patients showed a very satisfactory clinical response. Sixty per cent of all symptoms were abolished, and a further 28% were relieved. After treatment the transit times accelerated in patients whose initial times were slower than 60 hours and slowed down in those whose initial transit times were faster than 36 hours. Stool weight increased significantly. The number of intracolonic high pressure waves decreased, especially during and after eating. Barium enema studies showed less spasm in eight patients and no diverticula in three patients after taking bran. As well as relieving the symptoms of diverticular disease a high-fibre diet may also prevent the condition from developing.
HIP-JOINT AMPUTATION BY MEANS OF THE WYETH PINS.
Authors: EARL M. GILLIAM
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The issue of May 19, 1901, ofThe Journalcontains an interesting article by Professor Wyeth on "Bloodless Amputations at the Hip-Joint." The writer having had recently a case desires to report it as follows: C. H., aged 8, residing at Corning, Ohio, fell from a tree, a distance of 20 feet, sustaining a compound fracture of the upper third of the left femur. Oct. 27, 1900, three weeks after the accident, he was brought to St. Anthony's Hospital in a septic condition. Pulse was 140; temperature 104. The limb was much swollen and filled with pus. An incision was made on the outer aspect of the thigh and considerable pus liberated. The muscular structure was found to be disorganized, the bone comminuted, and the medullary canal filled with purulent matter. The bone was devoid of periosteum for more than five inches, and no evidence of bony union found. His
Undue influence, consent and medical treatment
Authors: C. Stewart, A. Lynch
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

In certain instances the law recognizes that a person's free will may be so influenced by another that agreements made by that person should be set aside. The primary philosophical basis for this doctrine of 'undue influence' is respect for individual autonomy and the need to ensure that people have freely chosen a course of action, before the law will make that course of action binding upon them. In the past, the doctrine of undue influence was confined to situations involving the transfer of property (such as gifts, wills or purchases). But the doctrine is also relevant to consents to medical treatment, most commonly in cases where a patient refuses treatment because of the influence of family members. The purpose of this article is to provide a general outline of the legal concept of undue influence and then to consider its recent application in medical lawsuits.
Prospective trials of minor surgical procedures and high-fibre diet for haemorrhoids.
Authors: M R Keighley, P Buchmann, S Minervini, Y Arabi, J Alexander-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Two hundred and sixteen consecutive patients seen for the first time with symptomatic haemorrhoids entered trials of conservative and minor surgical treatment. They were divided into two groups according to their pretreatment maximal anal pressure. Patients with pressures of 100 cm H2O (73.7 mm Hg) or more (108 patients) were treated by anal dilatation (37), sphincterotomy (34), or high-fibre diet (37). Four and 12 months later anal dilatation had produced significantly better results than sphincterotomy or diet. Furthermore, anal dilatation was the only treatment associated with a significant reduction in anal pressure at four and 12 months. Patients with pressures under 100 cm H2O (108 patients) were treated by rubber-band ligation (35), cryosurgery (36), or diet (37). Four and 12 months later significantly more patients were improved by rubber-band ligation than by cryosurgery or diet. These results suggest that haemorrhoids in patients with excessive activity of the internal anal sphincter are best treated by anal dilatation and that in all other patients rubber-band ligation is the treatment of choice.
State opposition to Medicaid expansion will leave five million poor Americans without health cover, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The refusal of states to expand Medicaid under the provisions of the Affordable Care Act means that more than five million poor adults will not qualify for Medicaid or for subsidies offered on the new health insurance exchanges, says a new report.1

The report was prepared by the Kaiser Family Foundation’s Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured.

Under the health reform act Medicaid was to be expanded in 2014 to cover individuals and families with household incomes up to 138% of the federal poverty line, about $27 000 (£16 790; €19 816) for a family of three.

Currently, …
Prospects for Patients with Strokes, with Special Reference to the Hypertensive Hemiplegic
Authors: G. F. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1965)

A disease of old age, which might surprise a man, and yet not immediately kill him, and of which there might possibly be a removal, at least for a season, that there might some space be given him to recover a little strength, before he go home and be no more seen."-KingSolomon's Portraiture of Old Age.Contradictory views on the prognosis of strokes have been the rule in medical writings, and for centuries hemiplegics seeking reassurance on recovery have had a wide range of opinion to choose from.Hippocrates wrote briefly that it was impossible to cure a severe apoplexy and not easy to cure a mild one, but Soranus of Ephesus gave more positive encouragement.He distin- guished apoplexy from residual paralysis, and practised a system of treatment, interpreted by Caelius Aurelianus in the fifth century (Drabkin, 1950), which included much that might be considered "modern" to-day.He recommended passive and active movement; heat, as warm wax or bathing in hot springs ; appliances such as weights, pulleys, and a special walking-chair; swimming with inflated bladders to support paralysed limbs ; and he particularly required the patient to join in the effort himself and not to rely on others for his exercises. Conflicting Opinions on PrognosisIt was probably this hopeful tradition that appealed to the author of the quotation given above, which reflects the quiet moderation of John Smith's outlook in 1666.He explained that "an apoplex" was not necessarily a " Harbinger of
For puberty that comes too soon, new treatment highly effective
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Children with true precocious puberty can now be treated definitively with a potent, long-acting analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). The analogue not only arrests or reverses their premature sexual development but also slows their rapid growth and skeletal maturation, forestalling early epiphyseal closure. Hence, unlike untreated patients, the children probably can expect to attain normal adult stature. About 80 children currently are receiving once-daily subcutaneous injections (4 μg/kg of body weight) of the analogue on an investigational basis in a project of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, Md. Of the children, who ranged in age from 9 months to 9 years at the start of the treatment, more than 90% have responded satisfactorily to the therapy. Approximately 30% have precocious puberty secondary to hypothalamic hamartomas. About 10% have entered puberty early because of other CNS abnormalities such as pineal tumors, endocrine conditions such
Private member's bill aims to repeal competition rules in NHS
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

MPs are to get the chance to end competition rules that drive the marketisation of the NHS in England when a private member’s bill is brought before the House of Commons later this month.

Clive Efford, Labour MP for Eltham in southeast London, will table the NHS Amended Duties and Powers Bill this week, and MPs will vote on it on 21 November. The bill sets out to repeal the “section 75” rules of the Health and Social Care Act that have compelled commissioners to tender most NHS contracts since April 2013.1 It would also stop hospitals from …
Strategy for Identifying Repurposed Drugs for the Treatment of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation
Authors: Christopher C. Gibson, Weiquan Zhu, Chadwick T. Davis, Jay A. Bowman-Kirigin, Aubrey C. Chan, Jing Ling, Ashley E. Walker, Luca Goitre, Simona Delle Monache, Saverio Francesco Retta, Yan-Ting E. Shiu, Allie H. Grossmann, Kirk R. Thomas, Anthony J. Donato, Lisa A. Lesniewski, Kevin J. Whitehead, Dean Y. Li
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a hemorrhagic stroke disease affecting up to 0.5% of North Americans that has no approved nonsurgical treatment. A subset of patients have a hereditary form of the disease due primarily to loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1, CCM2 , or PDCD10. We sought to identify known drugs that could be repurposed to treat CCM. Methods and Results— We developed an unbiased screening platform based on both cellular and animal models of loss of function of CCM2 . Our discovery strategy consisted of 4 steps: an automated immunofluorescence and machine-learning–based primary screen of structural phenotypes in human endothelial cells deficient in CCM2, a secondary screen of functional changes in endothelial stability in these same cells, a rapid in vivo tertiary screen of dermal microvascular leak in mice lacking endothelial Ccm2 , and finally a quaternary screen of CCM lesion burden in these same mice. We screened 2100 known drugs and bioactive compounds and identified 2 candidates, cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) and tempol (a scavenger of superoxide), for further study. Each drug decreased lesion burden in a mouse model of CCM vascular disease by ≈50%. Conclusions— By identifying known drugs as potential therapeutics for CCM, we have decreased the time, cost, and risk of bringing treatments to patients. Each drug also prompts additional exploration of biomarkers of CCM disease. We further suggest that the structure-function screening platform presented here may be adapted and scaled to facilitate drug discovery for diverse loss-of-function genetic vascular disease.
A Hemodynamic Evaluation of Bilateral Nephrectomy and Hemodialysis in Hypertensive Man
Authors: CONSTANTINE L. HAMPERS, JOHN J. SKILLMAN, JOHN H. LYONS, JOHN E. OLSEN, JOHN P. MERRILL
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Three hypertensive men with end-stage primary renal disease were hemodynamically evaluated before and 3 to 4 weeks after bilateral nephrectomy and before and after 6 hours of hemodialysis with the twin coil artificial kidney. Conclusions include the following: (1) The height of the blood pressure and changes in plasma volume (P.V.) are not necessarily directly related in the early renoprival state. (2) Increased total peripheral resistance (TPR) plays an important role in maintaining elevation of blood pressure after nephrectomy. (3) We cannot document that bilateral nephrectomy has a beneficial effect on the hypertension of chronic renal failure during the first month of the anephric state. (4) Renin is not involved in maintaining elevated blood pressure after nephrectomy. (5) Increased sensitivity to ganglionic blockade may follow nephrectomy if P.V. decreases. (6) No evidence supports the existence of a "cardiodepressor" substance in uremia. (7) Increased blood pressure occasionally seen during hemodialysis is probably related to several factors (increased cardiac output, increased TPR). (8) P.V. may fall during hemodialysis even though body weight is maintained constant. (9) If P.V. is unchanged across hemodialysis, cardiac output usually does not change.
Three-day and ten-day chemotherapy for urinary tract infections in general practice.
Authors: C A Charlton, A Crowther, J G Davies, J Dynes, M W Haward, P G Mann, S Rye
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The length of a course of antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infection varies with the habits of the prescriber. Many patients do not complete a course of treatment once their symptoms have subsided. In uncomplicated urinary tract infection among women seen in general practice a three-day course of amoxycillin was as effective as a 10-day course of the same drug in the same dose. Relief of symptoms was equal in both groups and bacteriuria was eliminated equally successfully in both regimens. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of side effects from the drugs. The financial saving which could accrue from adopting this therapeutic regimen would be significant.
Plastic Operation on the Fallopian Tube
Authors: Francis M. Ingersoll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

DURING the past fifteen years there has been an increasing interest in the problem of sterility. One of the more difficult obstacles in this field has been occlusion of the oviducts. Rubin's1 establishment of a diagnostic method for determining tubal patency enabled gynecologists to make a diagnosis of occlusion while hysterosalpingography accurately localized the point of obstruction. From 1932 to 1936 Solomons,2 , 3 Bonney4 and Holden and Sovak5 presented encouraging reports concerning operative relief of sterility due to occluded tubes. As Solomons put it, "an occasional good golf shot impels the worst player to persist with the game, so occasional successes . . .
Ultrasound in the Investigation of Gallbladder Disease
Authors: Neil B. Kappelman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CONVENTIONAL oral cholecystography with iopanoic acid has reached a high degree of diagnostic accuracy and is currently the standard mode of evaluation of gallbladder disease.<sup>1</sup>However, it is of limited applicability in several situations: The acutely ill patient. The study, when using iopanoic acid may take 14 to 48 hours to complete. The patient who cannot ingest pills. Patients who, because of symptoms or therapy, cannot ingest or retain iopanoic acid or who are undergoing gastric suction must be examined by alternate means. The patient with jaundice and liver function abnormalities. Although nonvisualization of the gallbladder in most cases is highly specific for gallbladder disease,<sup>1</sup>the presence of jaundice or abnormal results from liver function studies is a spurious or nonbiliary cause for nonvisualization and does not necessarily indicate a pathological gallbladder condition. The patient with a nonbiliary cause for nonvisualization. Nonbiliary causes that may
A Textbook and Colour Atlas of the Temporomandibular Joint--Diseases; Disorders; Surgery
Authors: P M Speight
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

We will be continuing our series of supplements during the year, taking one subject at a time.The aim is to portray the present status of that subject in much more detail by means of a series of commissioned papers.This enables acknowledged experts in the field to state their views on the present state of knowledge in that particular field.We will be producing two such supplements during the course of the year.
963 CDKN1C/P57 INDUCES CELL SENESCENCE AND IS REGULATED BY NOTCH TARGET GENE HES1, A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: M. Minguzzi, C. Giovannini, L. Gramantieri, F. Fornari, P. Chieco, L. Bolondi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A Sioux Medicine Man Describes His Own Illness and Approaching Death
Authors: THOMAS H. LEWIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A Sioux medicine man spent a long professional life as a "primary care" rural indigenous practitioner. He was treated, against his wishes, in a modern hospital for his own last illness. His description of that experience and of his non-Western medical practice emphasizes persisting problems in the humanistic aspects of our science.
NICE issues guidance on sepsis
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended in new guidance that patients with severe sepsis should be treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated) only under the supervision of intensive care specialists with experience in managing the condition.

NICE, which provides national guidance on treatments and care used by the NHS in England and Wales, recommended that intensive care units in NHS hospitals should define the clinical circumstances in which drotrecogin alfa (activated) is to be used and …
PANDEMIC "INFLUENZA" AND SECONDARY PNEUMONIA AT CAMP FREMONT, CALIF.
Authors: WALTER V. BREM
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The expected storm of the prevailing pandemic infection broke suddenly on the Eighth Division, U. S. Army, Camp Fremont, Calif., Oct. 8, 1918, and during the next six weeks, 2,418 patients suffering from respiratory diseases were admitted to the base hospital. In addition, many soldiers having more or less mild infections were cared for in the various camp infirmaries in order to avoid overcrowding in the base hospital. Altogether there were, at a conservative estimate, 3,000 cases. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 408 cases, an incidence of nearly 14 per cent. We know now, however, that there were many cases of pneumonia that were diagnosed as bronchitis, and that the true incidence of pneumonia was greater than that indicated. Of the 408 patients with pneumonia diagnosed, 147 died, a mortality of 36 per cent. for the pneumonia series and about 5 per cent. for the epidemic. No deaths occurred without a
Increased plasma levels of neuropeptide Y in hepatorenal syndrome
Authors: Juan Uriz, Pere Ginès, Rolando Ortega, Wladimiro Jiménez, Andrés Cárdenas, Blas Calahorra, Pau Sort, Javier Fernández, Ramón Bataller, Vicente Arroyo, Francisca Rivera, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Guideline Addresses Care for Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Men, Women, and Health Insurance
Authors: S Miles, K Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

There is increased awareness of issues related to sex and sex roles in health care, including discrimination in the enrollment of subjects in research and in access to clinical care.1 However, there is less awareness of how private health insurance,2 Medicare,3 and Medicaid4 serve women and men differently. Explicit sex discrimination in health insurance is unjustifiable. Even so, men and women have different life spans and patterns of illnesses, so uniform coverage of health services may not serve both sexes equitably. Furthermore, differences between the sexes in vocational, familial, and political roles and in economic status affect what insurance men . . .
Informed Consent in Emergency Research
Authors: Pamela S. Grim
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Can the conscious patient in the midst of a medical emergency provide adequate informed consent for a clinical research protocol? Adequate consent is crucial to the ethical conduct of clinical trials, including those performed in emergency settings. We examine the problem of emergency informed consent. As an illustrative case, we discuss a pilot trial of prehospital thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Federal regulations for clinical research do not provide clear guidelines on emergency research in the conscious patient. Clinical investigators currently approach emergency consent in four ways: (1) avoid such research, (2) omit the consent process, (3) obtain deferred consent, or (4) obtain customary consent. We suggest a fifth alternative, two-step consent, which permits the conduct of emergency research while protecting the rights of the emergency research subjects. Such a process may serve as an alternative solution for future studies faced with the problem of informed consent in emergencies. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:252-255)