tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4044: Epigenetic repression of <i>RARRES1</i> is mediated by methylation of a critical proximal promoter and a loss of CTCF binding
Authors: Huey-Jen L. Lin, Zhengang Peng, Rulong Shen, Yingwei Li, Kun-Yu Teng, Charles Shapiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The critical promoter element responsible for epigenetic silencing of retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) by methylation is unclear. Likewise, how aberrant methylation interplays effectors and thus affects breast neoplastic features remains largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings: We first compared methylation occurring at the sequences flanking the RARRES1 promoter in primary breast carcinomas to that in adjacent benign tissues. Surprisingly, tumor cores displayed significantly elevated methylation occurring solely at the upstream region, while the downstream element proximal to the transcription start site (+1) remained largely unchanged. Yet, hypermethylation at the former did not result in appreciable silencing effect. In contrast, the proximal sequence displayed full promoter activity and methylation of which remarkably silenced RARRES1 transcription. This phenomenon was recapitulated in breast cancer cell lines, in which methylation at the proximal region strikingly coincided with downregulation. We also discovered that CTCF occupancy was enriched at the unmethylayed promoter enriched with transcription-active histone markings. Furthermore, knocking-down CTCF expression hampered RARRES1 expression, suggesting CTCF positively regulated RARRES1 transcription presumably by binding to unmethylated promoter poised at transcription-ready state. Moreover, RARRES1 restoration not only impeded cell invasion but also promoted death induced by chemotherapeutic agents, denoting its tumor suppressive effects. Its role of attenuating invasion agreed with data generated from clinical specimens revealing that RARRES1 was generally downregulated in metastatic lymph nodes compared to the tumor cores. Conclusion/Significance: For the first time, this report delineated that silencing of RARRES1 by hypermethylation is occurring at a crucial proximal promoter element and is associated with a loss of binding to CTCF, an activator for RARRES1 expression. We also revealed the tumor suppressive roles exerted by RARRES1 in part by promoting breast epithelial cell death and by impeding cell invasion that is an important property for metastatic spread. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4044. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4044
Recovery from Drowning
Authors: J. D. Whitby
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<h3>Summary</h3> Understanding of how neurons encode and compute information is fundamental to our study of the brain, but opportunities for hands-on experience with neurophysiological techniques on live neurons are scarce in science education. Here, we present Spikeling, an open source £25 in silico implementation of a spiking neuron that mimics a wide range of neuronal behaviours for classroom education and public neuroscience outreach. Spikeling is based on an Arduino microcontroller running the computationally efficient Izhikevich model of a spiking neuron. The microcontroller is connected to input ports that simulate synaptic excitation or inhibition, dials controlling current injection and noise levels, a photodiode that makes Spikeling light-sensitive and an LED and speaker that allows spikes to be seen and heard. Output ports provide access to variables such as membrane potential for recording in experiments or digital signals that can be used to excite other connected Spikelings. These features allow for the intuitive exploration of the function of neurons and networks. We also report our experience of using Spikeling as a teaching tool for undergraduate and graduate neuroscience education in Nigeria and the UK.
A decision aid to support informed choices about bowel cancer screening among adults with low education: randomised controlled trial
Authors: S. K. Smith, L. Trevena, J. M. Simpson, A. Barratt, D. Nutbeam, K. J. McCaffery
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To determine whether a decision aid designed for adults with low education and literacy can support informed choice and involvement in decisions about screening for bowel cancer.Randomised controlled trial.Areas in New South Wales, Australia identified as socioeconomically disadvantaged (low education attainment, high unemployment, and unskilled occupations).572 adults aged between 55 and 64 with low educational attainment, eligible for bowel cancer screening.Patient decision aid comprising a paper based interactive booklet (with and without a question prompt list) and a DVD, presenting quantitative risk information on the possible outcomes of screening using faecal occult blood testing compared with no testing. The control group received standard information developed for the Australian national bowel screening programme. All materials and a faecal occult blood test kit were posted directly to people's homes.Informed choice (adequate knowledge and consistency between attitudes and screening behaviour) and preferences for involvement in screening decisions.Participants who received the decision aid showed higher levels of knowledge than the controls; the mean score (maximum score 12) for the decision aid group was 6.50 (95% confidence interval 6.15 to 6.84) and for the control group was 4.10 (3.85 to 4.36; P<0.001). Attitudes towards screening were less positive in the decision aid group, with 51% of the participants expressing favourable attitudes compared with 65% of participants in the control group (14% difference, 95% confidence interval 5% to 23%; P=0.002). The participation rate for screening was reduced in the decision aid group: completion of faecal occult blood testing was 59% v 75% in the control group (16% difference, 8% to 24%; P=0.001). The decision aid increased the proportion of participants who made an informed choice, from 12% in the control group to 34% in the decision aid group (22% difference, 15% to 29%; P<0.001). More participants in the decision aid group had no decisional conflict about the screening decision compared with the controls (51% v 38%; P=0.02). The groups did not differ for general anxiety or worry about bowel cancer.Tailored decision support information can be effective in supporting informed choices and greater involvement in decisions about faecal occult blood testing among adults with low levels of education, without increasing anxiety or worry about developing bowel cancer. Using a decision aid to make an informed choice may, however, lead to lower uptake of screening. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00765869 and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12608000011381.
" Limited Practice " and the Code of Ethics.
Authors: N. S. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The leading editorial in the<i>Peoria Medical Monthly</i>for September, 1890, commences with the following paragraph: "We believe the Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association permits of advertising to the extent of an announcement, '<i>Practice limited to diseases</i>—,' following the name of the advertiser." And throughout the article the writer assumes that the Code of Ethics actually gives permission to advertise "practice limited" to this or that specialty, whereas, there is not a word in the Code of Ethics relating to specialties or to "practice limited," as I have had occasion to explain many times. The only clause in the Code refering to advertising is in the following words: It is derogatory to the dignity of the profession to resort to public advertisements or private cards or handbills,<i>inviting the attention</i>of individuals affected with particular diseases;—publicly offering advice and medicine to the poor
The Future of the Medicare Home Health Program
Authors: Steven Landers
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of alemtuzumab as conditioning regimen component on transplantation outcomes in case of CMV‐seropositive recipients and donors
Authors: Yee Soo Chae, Sang Kyun Sohn, Jong Gwang Kim, Yoon Young Cho, Joon Ho Moon, Deok Hwan Yang, Je‐Jung Lee, Yeo‐Kyeoung Kim, Hyeoung‐Joon Kim, Ho Jin Shin, Joo Seop Chung, Goon Jae Cho
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

We studied the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, clinical outcomes, and complications in 39 recipients of alemtuzumab-containing conditioning-stem cell transplantation, who were classified into two groups based on the median dose (35 mg) of alemtuzumab. All the recipients and donors were CMV-seropositive before transplantation. The median survival duration was 321 days (range, 46-1098 days) and the 2-year survival rate was 47.8%. The probability of nonrelapse mortality at 100 days and 2 years was 14.6% and 31.2%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of Grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at Day 100 was 21.8%. The overall incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 28.6%, including a 17.9% incidence of extensive cGVHD. The cumulative incidence of CMV antigenemia was 68.0%. There were no statistical differences in the engraftment, acute and cGVHD, relapse, CMV antigenemia, and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Yet, the nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was significantly lower for the low-dose group (5.9% vs. 51.7%, P = 0.010). The present study showed that alemtuzumab was effective for GVHD prevention, yet caused a relatively high incidence of CMV antigenemia, regardless of the dose. Thus, a low dose of alemtuzumab (< or = 35 mg) would seem to be preferable in an allogeneic SCT setting when both the recipient and the donor are CMV seropositive.
NHS is failing refused asylum seekers, says Refugee Council
Authors: Claire Frauenfelder
Journal: BMJ (2006)

NHS hospitals are failing to provide adequate maternity care for refused asylum seekers who are pregnant, the UK Refugee Council claimed at a conference last week in London. 

Speakers from the council also said that hospitals were denying treatment to refused asylum seekers who are dying of cancer or who have AIDS, when such treatment was available to others in the same situation in other European countries. 

The council told its “Safe from Harm” conference how changes made in 2004 to NHS policy to charge refused asylum seekers as overseas visitors ( BMJ 2004;328:1217) is having an inhumane and devastating effect and that the policy was created without any evidence base. 

Parveen Kumar, president of …
Precordial Movements over the Right Ventricle in Normal Children
Authors: ERNEST CRAIGE, ROLAND E. SCHMIDT
Journal: Circulation (1965)

PHYSICAL diagnosis of the heart has im- proved considerably as a result of the availability of recording technics that enable the observer to check the physical signs with an instrumental record and thus to edu- cate himself.This technic has been particularly successful in the application of phonocardiography to auscultation, but the analysis of the cardiac impulse by palpation has lagged be- hind.The information to be gained by palpation was recognized by James Hope' in his classic text of 1839, and the first attempt at recording precordial motion was made by Chauveau and Marey in 1861,2 using a pres- sure sensitive capsule.Later pioneers in this field include Frank,3 Mackenzie,4 Wiggers,5 and Dressler.6Renewed interest has followed the development of electronic sensing technics and the opportunity to correlate the record with events observed at cardiac catheteriza- tion.A number of investigators7-19 have made important contributions; outstanding among these is the work of Hartman and his col- leagues in the Netherlands.20 21It is hoped that a more scientific analysis and description of precordial motion will result, in place of the "thrust, heave and tap" to be found in most standard textbooks.The authors have studied precordial motion in normal children and, in particular, move- ments at the sternal border where alterations may be expected in congenital cardiac mal- formations affecting the right ventricle.Studies were made in the pediatric age group for three reasons: (1) no systematic study of pre-
Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: A C Hayward
Journal: Thorax (1995)

A C HaywardRestriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a recently developed technique which allows strains of tuberculosis to be differentiated with a high degree of confidence.The application of this technique has enabled the patterns of transmission of tuberculosis to be elucidated with far greater certainty than was previously possible.This review will discuss traditional methods of tracing the spread of tuberculosis, explain the technical principles behind RFLP typing, report on the literature validating its ability to differentiate strains of M tuberculosis, and describe studies which have used RFLP typing to increase understanding oftuberculosis trans- mission.Current limitations, future potentials, and implications for clinical and public health practice will be discussed.
Human adipocyte glucose transport system. Biochemical and functional heterogeneity of hexose carriers.
Authors: S Matthaei, W T Garvey, R Horuk, T P Hueckstaedt, J M Olefsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We have investigated glucose transport proteins in isolated human adipocytes. Using the cytochalasin B binding assay to measure glucose transporters in subcellular membrane subfractions, we found that insulin induced translocation of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell surface. Isoelectric focusing of glucose transporters photolabeled with [3H]cytochalasin B revealed two distinct glucose transporter isoforms in low density microsomes focusing at pH 5.6 and pH 6.4, but only the pH 5.6 isoform was detectable in plasma membranes and only the pH 6.4 form was found in the high density microsomes. Insulin recruited only the pH 5.6 glucose transporter from the low density microsomes to the plasma membrane with no effect on the pH 6.4 transporter isoform. The results suggest that the pH 6.4 species is an immature form of the glucose transporter initially located in the high-density microsome fraction, which then migrates to the low-density microsomes where it matures (converted to pH 5.6 species) and becomes available for insulin-mediated recruitment to the plasma membrane.
Interleukin 17 acts in synergy with B cell–activating factor to influence B cell biology and the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Agnès Doreau, Alexandre Belot, Jérémy Bastid, Benjamin Riche, Marie-Claude Trescol-Biemont, Bruno Ranchin, Nicole Fabien, Pierre Cochat, Claire Pouteil-Noble, Pierre Trolliet, Isabelle Durieu, Jacques Tebib, Berhouz Kassai, Stéphane Ansieau, Alain Puisieux, Jean-François Eliaou, Nathalie Bonnefoy-Bérard
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Review of epidemiologic study results of vinyl chloride-related compounds.
Authors: R Apfeldorf, P F Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Epidemiologic study results addressing the carcinogenicity of six compounds related to vinyl chloride (vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dibromide and epichlorohydrin) are reviewed. The study results suggest an increased carcinogenic risk among workers exposed to epichlorohydrin and to dry cleaning and degreasing solvents. Although several studies report no significant excess of cancer mortality, an evaluation of the design of these investigations demonstrates that these negative cohort studies consisted of populations of insufficient sample size and latency to permit any meaningful conclusions regarding carcinogenic risk. Therefore, experimental studies must be relied upon to determine whether several of these substances pose a potential carcinogenic risk to humans. Available evidence indicates that all of these substances have demonstrated a carcinogenic response in experimental animals and most are mutagenic in experimental test systems.
Asbestos Burden Predicts Survival in Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Brock C. Christensen, John J. Godleski, Cora R. Roelofs, Jennifer L. Longacker, Raphael Bueno, David J. Sugarbaker, Carmen J. Marsit, Heather H. Nelson, Karl T. Kelsey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rapidly fatal asbestos-associated malignancy with a median survival time of < 1 year following diagnosis. Treatment strategy is determined in part using known prognostic factors.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between asbestos exposure and survival outcome in MPM in an effort to advance the understanding of the contribution of asbestos exposure to MPM prognosis.MethodsWe studied incident cases of MPM patients enrolled through the International Mesothelioma Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, using survival follow-up, self-reported asbestos exposure (n = 128), and a subset of cases (n = 80) with quantitative asbestos fiber burden measures.ResultsConsistent with the established literature, we found independent, significant associations between male sex and reduced survival (p < 0.04), as well as between nonepithelioid tumor histology and reduced survival (p < 0.02). Although self-reported exposure to asbestos was not predictive of survival among our cases, stratifying quantitative asbestos fiber burden [number of asbestos bodies per gram of lung (wet weight)] into groups of low (0–99 asbestos bodies), moderate (100–1,099), and high fiber burden (> 1,099), suggested a survival duration association among these groups (p = 0.06). After adjusting for covariates in a Cox model, we found that patients with a low asbestos burden had a 3-fold elevated risk of death compared to patients with a moderate fiber burden [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–9.5; p = 0.06], and patients with a high asbestos burden had a 4.8-fold elevated risk of death (95% CI, 1.5–15.0; p < 0.01) versus those with moderate exposure.ConclusionOur data suggest that patient survival is associated with asbestos fiber burden in MPM and is perhaps modified by susceptibility.
Big business is risk to health, say Scots experts
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The alcohol, tobacco, and food industries must put people before profit and abandon business practices that damage people’s health, says a group of Scottish medical specialists.

They condemn “irresponsible and unethical” business practices that are designed to drive up sales with no regard to the damage caused to individuals. As an example, their report cites the tactics used by the drinks industry to oppose the introduction of a …
Endothelial calcium-calmodulin dependent nitric oxide synthase in the in vitro vascular hyporeactivity of portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Adriaán C. Gadano, Philippe Sogni, Song Yang, Stéphanie Cailmail, Richard Moreau, Paul Nepveux, Daniel Couturier, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
General practitioners' contact with victims of suicide.
Authors: C A Vassilas, H G Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

but it clearly demonstrates that this conclusion is not immutable.Failed vasectomies are generally categorised early or late by the time lapse from operation to observed failure and by the nature and numbers of any sperma- tozoa seen.This case belongs to a small subset of failures where initial sperm counts were zero and only later (in this case after the pregnancy of the man's wife) were any spermatozoa identified.Even then the spermatozoa seen were very few and all non-motile, which would normally satisfy criteria for infertility.Alderman, when seeing such sperm characteristics, would "cautiously advise" that the vasectomy had been successful.4This is supported by Edwards and Farlowe, who observed no associated pregnancies in 200 such failures.'Schmidt disagreed and would "find it difficult to believe that these patients [showing the presence of any spermatozoa of any kind] are totally safe."5The case also shows the value of DNA profiling in establishing beyond doubt the patemity of a child in a situation where other factors strongly suggest a different explanation.It was important that a high relative chance of paternity was obtained in this case, and the high discriminating power of the DNA systems used ensured such a figure was obtained.We acknowledge the help of Dr
Doctors in India defy guidelines on generic drugs
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors across India seem unwilling to write prescriptions containing only the generic or unbranded chemical names of drugs, despite two recent advisories from the Medical Council of India urging them to do so.

The advisories, issued in November 2012 and January 2013 asking physicians to “as far as possible prescribe generic drugs,” are unlikely to change prescription practices in the country, private and government doctors have said.

Some doctors have described the advisories as a fresh reminder of a code of ethics that doctors are expected to follow. In 2002, the Medical Council of India told doctors to prescribe generically to protect patients from the effect of promotional campaigns by drug companies. But many doctors say that the suggestion to prescribe drugs without brand names is impractical given the diversity of chemical formulations and the stark differences in the prices of drugs from different manufacturers in India.

Generic drugs sold under different brand names dominate the Indian pharmaceuticals market. A McKinsey report had predicted three years ago …