tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Education and Eminence in British Medicine
Authors: L. Hudson, B. Jacot
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The educational background of eminent members of the British medical profession was examined by recourse to Who's Who. Substantial differences in background were found among the various medical specialties. Members of specialties enjoying high prestige within the profession-physicians, surgeons-were more likely than other members of the sample to have been to an English school as opposed to one in Scotland, Wales, or Northern Ireland, and to a headmasters' conference school as opposed to a grammar school. Educational background was also found to relate to the aspect of the patient's body on which specialists normally worked. Specialists coming from English headmasters' conference schools were more likely than others to work on living bodies rather than dead bodies or parts of bodies, on the head rather than on the lower trunk, on male bodies rather than female bodies, and on the body's surface rather than its inside.
Surgery for patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: report of 121 cases receiving community-based treatment in Lima, Peru
Authors: J. G Somocurcio, A. Sotomayor, S. Shin, S. Portilla, M. Valcarcel, D. Guerra, J. Furin
Journal: Thorax (2006)

<h3>Background:</h3> Molecular tests (ie, real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) and antigen tests are used to detect SARS-CoV-2. RT-PCR tests are generally considered to be the standard for clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 due to accuracy and reliability but can take longer to return results than antigen tests. Our aim was to examine if point-of-care (POC) testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection would provide a flexible resource to help achieve workplace safety. We compared test results and time-to-test results between a POC RT-PCR test and a send-out PCR test in a program implemented in summer 2020. <h3>Results:</h3> POC testing shortened the time to results to 110 minutes in the POC setting from the 754 minutes for send-out tests. The specificity of POC RT-PCR single POC testing was 98.7% compared with send-out RT-PCR testing and was confirmed at 99.8% in a validation analysis. The sensitivity of the POC testing was 100% compared with send-out RT-PCR, although in a validation analysis, sensitivity appeared as 0% because only the 12 positive or indeterminate samples on the first analysis were retested and the majority were false-positives that were correctly ruled out. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> POC testing for SARS-CoV-2 with RT-PCR technology is possible at reduced time compared with send-out PCR testing.
Comparative and Functional Characterization of Intragenic Tandem Repeats in 10 Aspergillus Genomes
Authors: J. G. Gibbons, A. Rokas
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Intragenic tandem repeats (ITRs) are consecutive repeats of three or more nucleotides found in coding regions. ITRs are the underlying cause of several human genetic diseases and have been associated with phenotypic variation, including pathogenesis, in several clades of the tree of life. We have examined the evolution and functional role of ITRs in 10 genomes spanning the fungal genus Aspergillus, a clade of relevance to medicine, agriculture, and industry. We identified several hundred ITRs in each of the species examined. ITR content varied extensively between species, with an average 79% of ITRs unique to a given species. For the fraction of conserved ITR regions, sequence comparisons within species and between close relatives revealed that they were highly variable. ITR-containing proteins were evolutionarily less conserved, compositionally distinct, and overrepresented for domains associated with cell-surface localization and function relative to the rest of the proteome. Furthermore, ITRs were preferentially found in proteins involved in transcription, cellular communication, and cell-type differentiation but were underrepresented in proteins involved in metabolism and energy. Importantly, although ITRs were evolutionarily labile, their functional associations appeared. To be remarkably conserved across eukaryotes. Fungal ITRs likely participate in a variety of developmental processes and cell-surface-associated functions, suggesting that their contribution to fungal lifestyle and evolution may be more general than previously assumed.
A Parting Gift
Authors: S. Amjad Hussain
Journal: JAMA (1990)

One evening a young man and his elderly father appeared at my door. The young man, thirtyish, handed me a crumpled letter and several x-ray films enclosed in a faded yellow folder. The letter, from a physician-friend of mine from the northern mountains of Pakistan, asked me to take care of the young man. The films confirmed that he indeed had a growth causing a near-total blockage of his lower esophagus. I asked the two to meet me at the local mission hospital the next day. Despite my initial refusal, they presented me with a small basket of fresh eggs as a token of their appreciation. The Afghan Mission Hospital was built by Anglican missionaries in the 19th century. As its name suggests, it catered to the Afghan tribes who lived in the no-man's-land between Pakistan and Afghanistan. The tribal people came down from the mountains to the hospital, accepting
TCT-852 Successful Transfemoral Implantation of a Medtronic CoreValve in Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation: a Single Centre Experience
Authors: Marco Luciano Rossi, Roberto Bocchi, Paolo Pagnotta, Gabriele Gasparini, Dennis Zavalloni, Patrizia Presbitero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
An unusual pattern of peptide-bound lysine metabolism in collagen from an infant with lethal perinatal osteogenesis imperfecta.
Authors: O M Petrovic, E J Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Collagens extracted from bones, cartilage, dermis, and dura mater of an infant with type II (lethal perinatal) osteogenesis imperfecta were evaluated with respect to chain composition and chemical characteristics of their constituent chains. The results indicated that the various types of collagen were present in the indicated tissues in proportions that approximated normal tissues. Nevertheless, the constituent chains of collagens extracted from dermis, i.e., alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I), alpha 1(III), alpha 1(V), and alpha 2(V), chromatographed on carboxymethyl cellulose as though they possessed substantially lower overall positive charge than the homologous chains of normal tissues. Amino acid analyses of the chains confirmed this observation and showed that the chains lacked five to seven residues of lysine (plus hydroxylysine). It was subsequently shown that the apparent deficiency in lysyl residues was due, at least in part, to the presence of unusually high levels of allysine , a cross-link precursor formed from peptide-bound lysine under the catalytic action of lysyl oxidase. These results, in conjunction with previous results obtained on collagens from type II osteogenesis imperfecta tissues, suggest that aberrant fibril formation in this syndrome allows increased lysyl oxidase activity.
THE NEED OF WHOLE-TIME HEALTH OFFICERS
Authors: HAROLD B. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1913)

I have no criticism to make of anything the government lias done in the pnst.I want to make a suggestion or two with reference to the future.I notice that research work in regard to the conditions of man-as relating to health-is in the province of this department.Uncertainty of employment has nit absolutely direct connection with health.The man out of work, or the man whose employment is inadequate during the year-or whose return for his labor is inadequate-cannot provide healthy conditions for his family.It lies within the scope of this department to delve into the question of uncer- tainty of employment
Wisdom in the Practice of Psychotherapy
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Just how often do you have the opportunity to open a book and discover at least a half a dozen extraordinary chapters? Or that the author, as we say in Texas, has really "brought some beef to the table." Professor T. Byram Karasu of Albert Einstein College of Medicine has done exactly that. He has presented in an extraordinarily fluid fashion a remarkable number of observations and insights that are almost too casually labeled as wisdom. In his preface Dr Karasu does a preparatory service to the reader by explaining that wisdom is essentially the combination of knowledge, insight, and judgment. Obviously, these are dynamic concepts that may elude us and yet yield in time to experience, study, thoughtful integration, and, moreover, the alchemy of maturation. Dr Karasu's book directly adds to the clinical care of patients by following no single psychological school but rather employing various existing schools and
A Modified Statistically Optimal Null Filter Method for Recognizing Protein-coding Regions
Authors: Lei Zhang, Fengchun Tian, Shiyuan Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Computer-aided protein-coding gene prediction in uncharacterized genomic DNA sequences is one of the most important issues of biological signal processing. A modified filter method based on a statistically optimal null filter (SONF) theory is proposed for recognizing protein-coding regions. The square deviation gain (SDG) between the input and output of the model is used to identify the coding regions. The effective SDG amplification model with Class I and Class II enhancement is designed to suppress the non-coding regions. Also, an evaluation algorithm has been used to compare the modified model with most gene prediction methods currently available in terms of sensitivity, specificity and precision. The performance for identification of protein-coding regions has been evaluated at the nucleotide level using benchmark datasets and 91.4%, 96%, 93.7% were obtained for sensitivity, specificity and precision, respectively. These results suggest that the proposed model is potentially useful in gene finding field, which can help recognize protein-coding regions with higher precision and speed than present algorithms.
Physical condition, longevity, and social performance of Dutch haemophiliacs, 1972-85.
Authors: C. Smit, F. R. Rosendaal, I. Varekamp, A. Brocker-Vriends, H. Van Dijck, T. P. Suurmeijer, E. Briet
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A study was carried out among haemophiliacs in The Netherlands to evaluate the effect of modern substitution treatment (replacing the missing clotting factors) on medical and social performance. Three questionnaires were sent between 1972 and 1985. The use of prophylactic treatment in the group of patients with severe and moderately severe haemophilia increased from 21% (n = 242) in 1972 to 36% (n = 559) in 1985. Home treatment programmes increased from 4% to 53%. Overall mortality was 2.1 times higher than in the general male population, which leads to a calculated life expectancy of 66 years compared with 74 years in the general male population. Severe joint impairment was prominent in the older age groups, reflecting insufficient treatment in the past. A sharp decrease in the use of inpatient and outpatient hospital facilities was observed as well as much less absence from school and work. It is concluded that the high costs of modern substitution treatment are fully justified.
Translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 alters the mitochondrial fusion and fission dynamics and protects from type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yu Wang, Akihiro Katayama, Takahiro Terami, Xiaoying Han, Tomokazu Nunoue, Dongxiao Zhang, Sanae Teshigawara, Jun Eguchi, Atsuko Nakatsuka, Kazutoshi Murakami, Daisuke Ogawa, Yasuhide Furuta, Hirofumi Makino, Jun Wada
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Scintigraphic Detection of the Loss of One Kidney Following En Bloc Transplantation of Paired Pediatric Kidneys
Authors: JOEL M. ROSEN, RICHARD KNIGHT, HARRY R. SCHANZER, LEWIS BURROWS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Vascular occlusion of one of the transplanted kidneys represents a potential complication following en bloc transplantation of two pediatric kidneys into adults. Serial renal scans with Tc-99m DTPA, performed on a 26-year-old woman who underwent en bloc transplantation, revealed good perfusion and function of both kidneys in the early postoperative period but acute loss of perfusion and function in one kidney on the ninth postoperative day. Surgical exploration and open biopsy excluded rejection and twisting of the vascular pedicle as possible causes for the acute loss of perfusion and function in this kidney.
Points: Screening for congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: D A Primrose
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Social class and private referrals Patients opting Total referred for private Social class population referral 1 5 % 9% 2 22-9% 40°% 3 56-6% 440°o 4 12-1% 6°,' 5 3-2°1% N= 694(100%) N= 139(100°o)health insurance schemes.Of 43 domiciliary visits by specialists, 10 (23 %) were carried out in private consultations although only six (14%) patients belonged to a private health insurance scheme.I agree that much more information is required about private practice in this country but I submit that the statistics presented here are rather more "central" than "peripheral."
Nanofibers Implant Functionalized by Neural Growth Factor as a Strategy to Innervate a Bioengineered Tooth
Authors: Sandy Eap, Thibault Bécavin, Laetitia Keller, Tunay Kökten, Florence Fioretti, Jean‐Luc Weickert, Etienne Deveaux, Nadia Benkirane‐Jessel, Sabine Kuchler‐Bopp
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Current strategies for jaw reconstruction require multiple procedures, to repair the bone defect, to offer sufficient support, and to place the tooth implant. The entire procedure can be painful and time‐consuming, and the desired functional repair can be achieved only when both steps are successful. The ability to engineer combined tooth and bone constructs, which would grow in a coordinated fashion with the surrounding tissues, could potentially improve the clinical outcomes and also reduce patient suffering. A unique nanofibrous and active implant for bone–tooth unit regeneration and also the innervation of this bioengineered tooth are demonstrated. A nanofibrous polycaprolactone membrane is functionalized with neural growth factor, along with dental germ, and tooth innervation follows. Such innervation allows complete functionality and tissue homeostasis of the tooth, such as dentinal sensitivity, odontoblast function, masticatory forces, and blood flow.
Rare hemoglobinopathy presenting as progressive dyspnea
Authors: Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

The patient with hemoglobin Louisville reported in the American Journal of Hematology last year [1; Fig. 3] is of considerable interest as it adds another case of a low-affinity (and also unstable) hemoglobin presenting as progressive dyspnoea. However, the authors' statement that the variant hemoglobin was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is not supported by the HPLC chromatogram shown: this demonstrates a single major peak that must have been comprised of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin Louisville. Presumably the diagnosis was actually made by the DNA analysis that they also carried out. The HPLC chromatogram is instructive for another reason. There is a small somewhat irregular peak with a retention time of about 5 min. Such peaks are often seen in patients with an unstable hemoglobin and represent degraded variant hemoglobin. Observation of this aberrant peak can provide a clue to the presence of an unstable hemoglobin when the variant itself is concealed within the hemoglobin A peak. High-pressure liquid chromatogram of hemoglobin from the index case demonstrating the variant Hb comprising 35.5% of the sample. (Reprinted from Ramani et al., 2010.). Barbara J. Bain*, * Department of Haematology Imperial College Faculty of Medicine St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
Dirt, worms and atopic dermatitis
Authors: C Flohr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary The past three decades have witnessed a marked rise in the prevalence of atopic diseases in industrialized countries and urban centres in less developed regions. This has led to an intense search for aetiological factors that may explain such a pattern. Epidemiological and immunological data suggest the eradication of nonparasitic and endoparasitic infections as possible aetiological elements. This has been formulated as the 'hygiene hypothesis', linking a reduced frequency of childhood infections with allergy. So far, most work in this area has focused on asthma. The potential relationship between endoparasites and atopic dermatitis has received much less attention. This paper reviews the scientific literature on the links between atopic dermatitis and endoparasites. At present, there is no clear evidence for a direct relationship between the two. This may be due to the overall small number of studies and insufficient methodological rigour in the existing body of research.
Potential exposure to PCBs, DDT, and PBDEs from sport-caught fish consumption in relation to breast cancer risk in Wisconsin.
Authors: Jane A McElroy, Marty S Kanarek, Amy Trentham-Dietz, Stephanie A Robert, John M Hampton, Polly A Newcomb, Henry A Anderson, Patrick L Remington
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

In Wisconsin, consumption of Great Lakes fish is an important source of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and other halogenated hydrocarbons, all of which may act as potential risk factors for breast cancer. We examined the association between sport-caught fish consumption and breast cancer incidence as part of an ongoing population-based case-control study. We identified breast cancer cases 20-69 years of age who were diagnosed in 1998-2000 (n = 1,481) from the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System. Female controls of similar age were randomly selected from population lists (n = 1,301). Information about all sport-caught (Great Lakes and other lakes) fish consumption and breast cancer risk factors was obtained through telephone interviews. After adjustment for known and suspected risk factors, the relative risk of breast cancer for women who had recently consumed sport-caught fish was similar to women who had never eaten sport-caught fish [relative risk (RR) = 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86-1.17]. Frequency of consumption and location of sport-caught fish were not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Recent consumption of Great Lakes fish was not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57-1.07), whereas risk associated with premenopausal breast cancer was elevated (RR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.16-2.50). In this study we found no overall association between recent consumption of sport-caught fish and breast cancer, although there may be an increased breast cancer risk for subgroups of women who are young and/or premenopausal.
Chronic alcohol intoxication induces hepatic injury through enhanced macrophage inflammatory protein-2 production and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in the liver
Authors: A P Bautista
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

ABSTRACT This study tested the hypothesis that prolonged consumption of alcohol directly or indirectly, through endotoxin influx in the circulation, stimulates the Kupffer cells to produce macrophage inflammatory protein–2 (MIP2) and up–regulates the expression of adhesion molecules, i.e., CD18 on PMNs and its counter–receptor, intercellular adhesion molecule–1 (ICAM–1), on hepatic cells. As a result, enhanced sequestration and cell–cell interaction among these cell types may occur in the liver, which in turn could result in altered hepatic function and hepatotoxicity. This hypothesis was tested in alcohol–fed, specific pathogen–free, male Sprague–Dawley rats. After 16 weeks of feeding, endotoxin (0.2 ± 0.043 EU/mL) and MIP2 (625 ± 100 pg/mL) were detected in the sera of alcoholic rats but not in the pair–fed rats. Concomitantly, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) activity was significantly increased. Small lipid deposition and inflammatory–like changes in the liver were also observed. Isolated Kupffer cells from alcohol–fed rats released large amount of MIP2 (&gt; 600 pg/106 Kupffer cells/24 hr) in vitro compared with Kupffer cells from pair–fed rats (&lt; 150 pg/106 Kupffer cells/24 hr). At the same time, the expression of CD18 and ICAM–1 on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and hepatic cells was increased more than twofold. Monoclonal antibody 1F12, an anti–CD18 antibody, attenuated hepatic injury in vivo, and in PMN–hepatocyte coculture in vitro in the alcohol–fed group. Another factor that could contribute to hepatic injury was MIP2, which was cytotoxic to alcoholic hepatocytes in vitro . This was reversed by cycloheximide, thus suggesting the indirect hepatotoxic effect of MIP2. In addition, isolated PMNs and Kupffer cells from alcohol–fed rats released large amounts of superoxide, which may also play a role in hepatic injury. These results demonstrate that MIP2 and adhesion molecules may contribute, at least in part, in the initiation of hepatic injury during alcohol intoxication.
Rickets Today — Children Still Need Milk and Sunshine
Authors: Nicholas Bishop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Rickets has been a childhood scourge for centuries. Before the Industrial Revolution in England it was a disease of the affluent, because their style of clothing and the fact that they spent most of their time indoors limited their exposure to sunlight. Later, urbanization and atmospheric pollution caused city-dwelling poor children to be more commonly affected. By the end of the 19th century, rickets was known in Europe as “the English disease.”Studies during the early part of the 20th century seemed to link both exposure to sunlight and diet to rickets, but debate about the relative importance of these . . .
Alanine at position 73 of HLA-C is associated with psoriasis vulgaris in Finland
Authors: I. IKÄHEIMO, S. SILVENNOINEN-KASSINEN, J. KARVONEN, A. TIILIKAINEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A close association was found between a specific sequence of HLA-C and psoriasis vulgaris in Finnish patients (chi 2 = 18.4, P = 1.78 x 10(-5)). This sequence codes for alanine at position 73 of the HLA-C molecule in the antigen binding cleft, and alanine may play a role in susceptibility to the disease.