tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increase in the sensitivity for melanoma diagnosis by primary care physicians using skin surface microscopy
Authors: K. Westerhoff, W.H. Mccarthy, S.W. Menzies
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Skin surface microscopy (oil epiluminescence microscopy, dermoscopy, dermatoscopy) has been shown to increase the diagnostic accuracy of melanoma. However, all studies to date have been in an expert setting. Objectives To determine whether primary care physicians (PCP) (general practitioners) could improve their melanoma diagnosis using surface microscopy after a short education intervention. Methods Seventy‐four practising PCP completed a pretest of 50 melanomas and 50 atypical non‐melanoma pigmented skin lesions (PSL) containing matched clinical and surface microscopy photographs. PCP were randomized between a surface microscopy education intervention or control group, followed by an identical post‐test. Results Following training there was a significant improvement in the post‐test vs. pretest in both clinical melanoma diagnosis (62·7% vs. 54·6%; P = 0·007) and surface microscopy melanoma diagnosis (75·9% vs. 57·8%; P = 0·000007). No difference was found in the control group between the post‐test vs. pretest clinical melanoma diagnosis (53·7% vs. 50·6%; P = 0·21) or the surface microscopy melanoma diagnosis (54·8% vs. 52·9%; P = 0·56). Following training there was a significant improvement in the diagnosis of melanoma using surface microscopy vs. clinical diagnosis (75·9% vs. 62·7%; P = 0·000007), which was absent in the control group (54·8% vs. 53·7%; P = 0·59). No significant difference was found in clinical vs. surface microscopy post‐test results for non‐melanoma PSL in either the intervention group or control group. Improvement in the sensitivity for the diagnosis of melanoma with surface microscopy was seen without a decrease in specificity; this indicated that the effect should occur without increasing the number of needless excisions. Conclusions All PCP in countries where melanoma leads to significant mortality should be trained in skin surface microscopy.
Blood Pressure After Stroke
Authors: J. D. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In 334 consecutive admissions for acute stroke, the blood pressure was elevated in 84% on the day of admission. The blood pressure decreased spontaneously an average of 20 mm Hg systolic and 10 mm Hg diastolic in the ten days following the acute event without specific antihypertensive therapy and was elevated in only one third of the cases on the tenth hospital day. The early elevation in blood pressure is likely a physiological response to brain ischemia, and blood pressure falls as recovery of brain function occurs.
Massive Haemorrhage from the Acute Gastric Ulcer
Authors: V. J. Downie
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CHOLERA M circulation, so that the clinical picture is not the simple effect of fluid loss.The question of haemolytic power of vibrios has so long remained an academic luxury of the laboratory m .It will now justify more fully the atten- tion it has received, and will excite an equal if not a greater interest in the clinician. Summary and ConclusionThe occurrence of haemoglobinuria, haemoglobin- aemia, and hyperbilirubinaemia is described in a case of cholera in which the patient died later of post-choleric uraemia.The strain isolated from the stool was a typical Vibrio cholerae (Ogawa type) with no evidence of haemolytic activity against sheep and human erythrocyte in either the 8-hours or the 72-hours culture.The possible roles of anhydraemia and acidosis, of altera- tions in the red blood corpuscles, and of sulphonamides in bringing about the intravascular haemolysis are discussed.It is suggested that endohaemolysin of V. cholerae is absorbed into the circulation and brings about the destruction of red blood cells.Our thanks are due to Dr.
Francis recommends fitness test for senior managers but stops short of regulation
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Food allergies are rising at a striking rate, but the underlying cause is unclear. The purpose of the studies was to determine the effect of the food preservative tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in a mouse model of food allergy. Our preliminary studies show that skin-sensitization with OVA induced an elevated OVA-IgE level in mice on a tBHQ diet. Likewise, in response to oral challenge, a greater decrease in body temperature during anaphylaxis was observed in the tBHQ group. Previously published in vitro studies suggest that tBHQ promotes Th2 polarization through activation of the stress-activated transcription factor, Nrf2. Therefore, we proposed the hypothesis that tBHQ exacerbates allergic response in OVA sensitized mice through activation of Nrf2. We implemented adoptive transfers of CD4 T cells from wild-type or Nrf2-null mice into immunodeficient mice (all mice received wild-type B cells). The study revealed marked genotype differences. Notably, dietary tBHQ had little effect on food allergy in recipients of Nrf2-deficient CD4 T cells. These mice showed attenuated sensitization as compared to wild-type CD4 T cells recipients. Strikingly, mice receiving Nrf2-deficient T cells did not become anaphylactic following challenge. In contrast, tBHQ caused an increase in OVA-IgE levels and a greater drop in body temperature in mice receiving wild-type CD4 T cells, suggesting these effects are Nrf2 dependent. In addition, recipients of Nrf2-deficient CD4 T cells showed an attenuated percentage of Th2 cells and mast cell degranulation response, following challenge. Taken together, these data suggest a critical role for Nrf2 during food allergy and demonstrate that tBHQ exacerbates food allergy in a CD4 T cell-Nrf2 dependent manner.
INTRAMUSCULAR INFUSION OF HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITOR CELLS IMPROVED LIMB PERFUSION AND NEOVASCULOGENESIS MEDIATED BY UPREGULATION OF THE ANG-2/TIE-2 PATHWAY
Authors: Alexandros Briasoulis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Aggeliki Valatsou, Kostas Toutouzas, Costas Tentolouris, George Latsios, Charalambos Antoniades, Despoina Perrea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Book Review Cytokines in Health and Disease Edited by Steven L. Kunkel and Daniel G. Remick. 568 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1992. $185. 0-8247-8648-3 Inflammation: Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates Second edition. Edited by John I. Gallin, Ira M. Goldstein, and Ralph Snyderman. 1186 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1992. $185. 0-88167-880-5
Authors: Nicholas R. Ferreri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Evidence for antiviral effect of nitric oxide. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication.
Authors: K D Croen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Nitric oxide (NO) has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of infectious pathogens, but an antiviral effect has not been reported. The impact of NO, from endogenous and exogenous sources, on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) replication was studied in vitro. HSV 1 replication in RAW 264.7 macrophages was reduced 1,806-fold in monolayers induced to make NO by activation with gamma IFN and LPS. A competitive and a noncompetitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase substantially reduced the antiviral effect of activated RAW macrophages. S-nitroso-L-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) is a donor of NO and was added to the media of infected monolayers to assess the antiviral properties of NO in the absence of gamma IFN and LPS. A single dose of S-nitroso-L-acetyl penicillamine 3 h after infection inhibited HSV 1 replication in Vero, HEp2, and RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Neither virucidal nor cytocidal effects of NO were observed under conditions that inhibited HSV 1 replication. Nitric oxide had inhibitory effects, comparable to that of gamma IFN/LPS, on protein and DNA synthesis as well as on cell replication. This report demonstrates that, among its diverse properties, NO has an antiviral effect.
Dialysis in Frail Elders — A Role for Palliative Care
Authors: Robert M. Arnold, Mark L. Zeidel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The methods and availability of dialysis and transplantation have improved, and patients who are beginning to undergo dialysis have become sicker and more debilitated than in the past.1 Increased numbers of elderly, ill patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) increase the costs of ESRD programs, despite an overall decrease in the cost of dialysis for each patient.1 Although dialysis can prolong life, the benefit to individual patients varies widely. Randomized trials are lacking to evaluate the benefits of dialysis in the elderly. A nonrandomized study suggests that dialysis, as compared with conservative therapy, increases longevity in elders, but not in . . .
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND SYPHILIS.Opening address of the Chairman of the Section of Dermatology and Syphilology, American Medical Association, Detroit, June 7, 1892.
Authors: L. DUNCAN BULKLEY
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Very great activity has been manifested in the dermatological world since the last report on this subject was presented by your chairman, two or three years ago. There are now dermatological societies injvery active operation in many cities of the world, and an International Dermatological Congress was held in Paris two years ago, and now a second is to be held in Vienna during the coming September; the New York Dermatological Society is now also in most active operation, holding its 215th meeting, and the American Dermatological Society its sixteenth annual meeting this summer. At all these societies there has been much exchange of thought and opinion, and very much valuable matter presented, and many new points brought up and developed. The literature of dermatology has also increased very greatly during the last few years; not only have some new text books appeared, and several manuals, but the current periodicals
TLR2 is mobilized into an apical lipid raft receptor complex to signal infection in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Grace Soong, Bharat Reddy, Sach Sokol, Robert Adamo, Alice Prince
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate host responses to bacterial gene products. As the airway epithelium is potentially exposed to many diverse inhaled bacteria, TLRs involved in defense of the airways must be broadly responsive, available at the exposed apical surface of the cells, and highly regulated to prevent activation following trivial encounters with bacteria. We demonstrate that TLR2 is enriched in caveolin-1–associated lipid raft microdomains presented on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells after bacterial infection. These receptor complexes include myeloid differentiation protein (MyD88), interleukin-1 receptor–activated kinase-1, and TNF receptor–associated factor 6. The signaling capabilities of TLR2 are amplified through its association with the asialoganglioside gangliotetraosylceramide (Galβ1,2GalNAcβ1,4Galβ1,4Glcβ1,1Cer), which has receptor function itself for many pulmonary pathogens. Ligation of either TLR2 or asialoGM1 by ligands with specificity for either receptor, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or by Staphylococcus aureus stimulates IL-8 production through activation of NF-κB, as mediated by TLR2 and MyD88. Thus, TLR2 in association with asialo-glycolipids presented within the context of lipid rafts provides a broadly responsive signaling complex at the apical surfaces of airway cells to initiate the host response to potential bacterial infection.
Insulin Resistance, Incident Cardiovascular Diseases, and Decreased Kidney Function Among Nondiabetic American Indians
Authors: Ying Zhang, Elisa T. Lee, Barbara V. Howard, Lyle G. Best, Jason G. Umans, Jeunliang Yeh, Wenyu Wang, Fawn Yeh, Tauqeer Ali, Richard B. Devereux, Giovanni de Simone
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Prevalence of insulin resistance is high in the American Indian population, likely as a result of the high prevalence of obesity. This condition may be influential for clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and decreased kidney function.Normal glucose tolerant (NGT) participants free of hypertension and CVD at the baseline examination (1989-1992) (N=964) of the Strong Heart Study were selected to explore the cross-sectional association between insulin resistance quantified by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and demographic, behavioral, and cardiometabolic variables. The longitudinal association between baseline HOMA-IR and the development of CVD was also explored. The longitudinal association between baseline HOMA-IR and the development of high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was explored among nondiabetic participants (N=1,401).Cross-sectionally, HOMA-IR was associated with sex, residence location, smoking, and high-risk cardiometabolic profile. Prospectively, insulin resistance is associated with the development of CVD and decreased kidney function in this population.Insulin resistance may have an important role in the pathogenesis of CVD and chronic kidney disease. Since obesity contributes to the development of insulin resistance, intervention focusing on modifiable factors such as physical activity and weight control may reduce the development of these diseases.
Gene-expression signature of benign monoclonal gammopathy evident in multiple myeloma is linked to good prognosis
Authors: Fenghuang Zhan, Bart Barlogie, Varant Arzoumanian, Yongsheng Huang, David R. Williams, Klaus Hollmig, Mauricio Pineda-Roman, Guido Tricot, Frits van Rhee, Maurizio Zangari, Madhav Dhodapkar, John D. Shaughnessy
Journal: Blood (2006)
Complementary medicine must prove its worth
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Complementary and alternative therapies should be required to demonstrate their clinical effectiveness to the same standard as conventional medical treatments, says a new report from the US Institute of Medicine. The report, which was prepared at the request of the National Institutes of Health and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, assesses what is known about Americans' reliance on complementary and alternative medicine. It concludes that studies of the effectiveness and safety of such treatments are needed.
Abstract S2-7: Toxicity of Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: E Amir, A Ocaña, S Niraula, L Carlsson, B. Seruga
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: To determine differences in serious adverse events (AEs) associated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) compared with tamoxifen, and to explore whether these AEs might be ameliorated by switching to AIs after 2-3 years of tamoxifen. Materials and Methods: Published data from trials contributing to the Aromatase Inhibitor Overview Group were included in a meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and absolute risks (number needed to treat [NNT] associated with one AE) were computed for serious AEs Results: Any duration of AIs was associated with a higher probability of developing cardiovascular disease (OR 1.20, p=0.01; NNT 143) and bone fractures (OR 1.48, P&amp;lt;0.00001; NNT 34), but a reduced probability of venous thrombosis (OR 0.53, P&amp;lt;0.00001; NNT 67) and endometrial carcinoma (OR 0.32, P&amp;lt;0.00001; NNT 200). The risks of individual serious AEs were similar for upfront AIs and for switching to AIs after tamoxifen. However, compared with 5 years of tamoxifen, there was a non-significant trend towards increased death without recurrence with upfront AIs (OR 1.12, p=0.16), but lower with switching to AIs after tamoxifen (OR 0.74, p=0.03). Conclusion: Treatment with AIs is associated with a statistically significant increase in cardiovascular risk, which is of similar magnitude to the risk of venous thrombosis and endometrial cancer with 5-years of tamoxifen. While switching to AIs does not appear to reduce the risk for the development of serious AEs when compared to upfront use of AIs, fewer deaths unrelated to breast cancer occur with switching than with upfront strategies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr S2-7.
Minor degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Authors: J. A. Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Minor degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Time to establish a multicentre prospective study to resolve the question No longer is there argument that cervical screening can reduce deaths from cervical cancer.There is also agreement that the incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has risen appreciably in recent years' 2 and that without interven- tion deaths from cervical cancer in the 1990s will rise by 70% or more.The debate is now centring on what proportion of cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia will progress and over what period of time.
Effect of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) on metformin action
Authors: Yan Shu, Steven A. Sheardown, Chaline Brown, Ryan P. Owen, Shuzhong Zhang, Richard A. Castro, Alexandra G. Ianculescu, Lin Yue, Joan C. Lo, Esteban G. Burchard, Claire M. Brett, Kathleen M. Giacomini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Metformin is among the most widely prescribed drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) plays a role in the hepatic uptake of metformin, but its role in the therapeutic effects of the drug, which involve activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), is unknown. Recent studies have shown that human OCT1 is highly polymorphic. We investigated whether OCT1 plays a role in the action of metformin and whether individuals with OCT1 polymorphisms have reduced response to the drug. In mouse hepatocytes, deletion of Oct1 resulted in a reduction in the effects of metformin on AMPK phosphorylation and gluconeogenesis. In Oct1-deficient mice the glucose-lowering effects of metformin were completely abolished. Seven nonsynonymous polymorphisms of OCT1 that exhibited reduced uptake of metformin were identified. Notably, OCT1-420del (allele frequency of about 20% in white Americans), previously shown to have normal activity for model substrates, had reduced activity for metformin. In clinical studies, the effects of metformin in glucose tolerance tests were significantly lower in individuals carrying reduced function polymorphisms of OCT1. Collectively, the data indicate that OCT1 is important for metformin therapeutic action and that genetic variation in OCT1 may contribute to variation in response to the drug.
Acute sodium overload produces renal tubulointerstitial inflammation in normal rats
Authors: M.I. Rosón, S. Cavallero, S. Della Penna, G. Cao, S. Gorzalczany, M. Pandolfo, A. Kuprewicz, O. Canessa, J.E. Toblli, B.E. Fernández
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
A controlled-trial of house dust mite eradication using natamycin in homes of patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: C.F.H. Vickers
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Journal Article A controlled‐trial of house dust mite eradication using natamycin in homes of patients with atopic dermatitis Get access C.F.H. Vickers C.F.H. Vickers Department of Dermatology, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, PO Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 122, Issue 3, 1 March 1990, Page 426, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb08296.x Published: 01 March 1990
Population-Based Study of Chlamydial Infection in China
Authors: William L. Parish, Edward O. Laumann, Myron S. Cohen, Suiming Pan, Heyi Zheng, Irving Hoffman, Tianfu Wang, Kwai Hang Ng
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Sexually transmitted diseases are increasing rapidly in China. Surveillance data imperfectly indicate current prevalence and risk factors. <h3>Objectives</h3> To estimate the prevalence of genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections and to describe patterns of infection by subgroup and behavioral patterns. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A national stratified probability sample of 3426 Chinese individuals (1738 women and 1688 men) aged 20 to 64 years, who were interviewed between August 1999 and August 2000, completed a computer-administered survey, and provided a urine specimen (69% total participation rate). <h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3> Positive test result for chlamydial or gonococcal infections. <h3>Results</h3> The overall prevalence per 100 population of chlamydial infection was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.1) for women and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3-3.3) for men. For gonococcal infection, the overall prevalence per 100 population was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.02-0.4) for women and 0.02 (95% CI, 0.005-0.1) for men. Risk factors for chlamydial infection among men aged 20 to 44 years were unprotected sex with a commercial sex worker (odds ratio [OR], 8.24; 95% CI, 3.51-19.35), less education (OR, 7.20; 95% CI, 2.31-22.37), and recent sex with their spouse or other steady partner (OR, 7.73; 95% CI, 2.70-22.10). Among women aged 20 to 44 years, risk factors for chlamydial infection were having less education (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.01-7.91) and living in a city (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.67-7.18) or along the southern coast (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.29-3.63) and having a spouse or other steady sexual partner who earned a high income (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.11-7.29), who socialized often (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.08-7.19), or who traveled less than 1 week per year (OR, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.44-20.3). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of chlamydial infection in China is substantial. The patterns of infection suggest potential avenues for intervention.
Determination of Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cell Epitopes after AAV2- and AAV8-hF.IX Gene Therapy
Authors: Jian Chen, Qi Wu, PingAr Yang, Hui-Chen Hsu, John D. Mountz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The application of AAV2 or AAV8 vectors for delivery of human coagulation factor IX (hF.IX) is a promising gene therapy for hemophilia B. One major limitation of this therapy is the development of antibodies and a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against both the vector capsid and the transgene. We determined the class I and class II MHC peptide epitopes for AAV2, AAV8, and hF.IX after administration of AAV-2-hF.IX or AAV8-hF.IX in H2(b) (C57BL/6), H2(d) (BALB/c), or H2(k) (C3H) strains of mice. The results indicate that the AAV2 capsid peptide AA(373-381), the AAV8 capsid peptide AA(50-58), and the hF.IX transgene peptide AA(311-319) can elicit a CTL response as indicated by an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay and an in vivo CTL assay. Furthermore, a strong H2(k) MHC II-restricted Th1 response can be elicited in C3H mice by the AAV8 capsid peptide AA(126-140) and the hF.IX peptide AA(108-122), whereas a strong Th2 response can be elicited by the AAV2 peptide AA(475-489). These results show that specific CTL responses are generated to both AAV capsid epitopes and hF.IX epitopes after injection of AAV-hF.IX, and MHC class II epitopes derived from AAV-hF.IX promote development of either Th1 or Th2 cells.