tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malaria in the New Born.
Authors: W. S. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Yellow Pine, La., Dec. 13, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof July 19, 1902, I noted an editorial, "Malarial Fever in the New-Born." I had in my practice last summer a case in point much clearer than the one you cite. It was as follows: Mother, white, aged 35, five other children, had had not very severe chills at intervals through the spring and summer. I had not advised quinin because in this woman's case the drug invariably brought on uterine contractions. When called at about 4 p. m., I learned that the patient had had a chill about ten that morning, and one about the same time on each of the two days immediately preceding. Her temperature was then 102. She was in labor. In about an hour she was delivered of an eight-month boy that weighed only four pounds. The little fellow seemed to do very
Commentary on the Symposium: Biological Embedding, Life Course Development, and the Emergence of a New Science
Authors: Clyde Hertzman
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2013)

A new science of human development is emerging, which has the capacity to transform the way we understand the origins of health and disease; to increase the public health significance of early child development; and to call into question how and when society should act on a range of health problems. It builds on the multidisciplinary evidence that social environments and experiences during sensitive periods in brain and biological development affect health for the balance of the life course through a process called biological embedding. Despite the fact that biological embedding has established credibility in the scientific literature, the transformative power of the new science has yet to be fully realized in policy and practice. To further this transformation, this symposium offers a public health perspective on biological embedding.
L-platelet activating factor induces changes on renal vascular resistance, vascular reactivity, and renin release in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
Authors: U Schwertschlag, H Scherf, J G Gerber, M Mathias, A S Nies
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Rat kidneys were isolated and perfused with a modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 4% albumin. Perfusate recirculated except during L-platelet activating factor (L-PAF), angiotensin II (ang II), and norepinephrine (NE) infusions. L-PAF caused a dose-dependent decrease in renovascular resistance (RVR): -6 +/- 3% at 10(-9)M, -12 +/- 6% at 10(-8)M, -18 +/- 3% at 10(-7) and -20 +/- 7% at 10(-6)M. L-PAF increased immunoreactive PGE (iPGE) and thromboxane (iTXB) release into the venous effluent from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 3.9 +/- 0.4 ng/min (p less than 0.05) and from 2.1 +/- 0.4 to 3.5 +/- 0.5 ng/min (p less than 0.05), respectively. Vasodilation by L-PAF (10(-7) M) in the presence of indomethacin (INDO) (5 microM) was enhanced compared to the non-INDO response (RVR change: L-PAF = -18 +/- 3% vs. L-PAF = -26 +/- 3%; p less than 0.05). As a control for specificity, the was infused at 10(-9) M, 10(-8) M, and 10(-7) M. None of these concentrations changed renal vascular resistance. To study the vascular receptor responsible for L-PAF-induced vasodilation, dose-response curves to NE and ang II were established with and without L-PAF (10(-7) M). The NE dose-response curve was unchanged by L-PAF, whereas the ang II dose-response curve was shifted to the right by one order of magnitude. In kidneys pretreated with INDO (5 microM), the L-PAF-induced shift of the ang II dose-response relation was increased to 2-3 orders of magnitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The impact of government advice to pregnant mothers regarding peanut avoidance on the prevalence of peanut allergy in United Kingdom children at school entry
Authors: Jonathan O'Brien Hourihane, Rachel Aiken, Rita Briggs, Lesley A. Gudgeon, Kate E.C. Grimshaw, Audrey DunnGalvin, Stephen R. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
State Roles in Health System Reform
Authors: Walter J. McNerney
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Motivational Enhancement Therapy with and without Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Treat Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Khalida Ismail, Stephen M. Thomas, Esther Maissi, Trudie Chalder, Ulrike Schmidt, Jonathan Bartlett, Anita Patel, Christopher M. Dickens, Francis Creed, Janet Treasure
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Although psychological issues can interfere with diabetes care, the effectiveness of psychological treatments in improving diabetes outcomes is uncertain. Objective: To determine whether motivational enhancement therapy with or without cognitive behavior therapy improves glycemic control in type 1 diabetes compared with usual care. Design: Randomized, controlled trial. Setting: 8 diabetes centers in London and Manchester, United Kingdom. Patients: 344 adults with type 1 diabetes for longer than 2 years, with hemoglobin A1c levels of 8.2% to 15%, and without complications or severe comorbid disease. Intervention: Nurse-delivered motivational enhancement therapy (4 sessions over 2 months), motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavior therapy (12 sessions over 6 months), or usual care. Measurements: 12-month change in hemoglobin A1c levels (primary outcome), hypoglycemic events, depression, quality of life, fear of hypoglycemia, diabetes self-care activities, and body mass index (secondary outcomes). Results: In an analysis including all randomly assigned patients, the 12-month change in hemoglobin A1c levels compared with usual care was 0.46% (95% CI, 0.81% to 0.11%) in the motivational enhancement therapy plus cognitive behavior therapy group and 0.19% (CI, 0.53% to 0.16%) in the motivational enhancement therapy group alone. There was no evidence of treatment effects on secondary outcomes. Limitations: Of 1659 screened patients, only 507 were eligible and 344 participated. Data on the primary outcome were unavailable for 11.3% of the participants. Study design did not permit distinction of the additive effect of cognitive behavior therapy plus motivational enhancement therapy from the effect of greater intensity and duration of the combined intervention compared with the motivational enhancement therapy alone. Conclusion: Nurse-delivered motivational enhancement therapy and cognitive behavior therapy is feasible for adults with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. Combined therapy results in modest 12-month improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels compared with usual care, but motivational enhancement therapy alone does not.
Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Effects in an Occupational Cohort Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin
Authors: Geoffrey M. Calvert, Richard W. Hornung, Marie Haring Sweeney, Marilyn A. Fingerhut, William E. Halperin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To examine the effect of occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) on the liver and gastrointestinal system.A medical survey.The exposed participants were employed at two chemical plants more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The reference group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and who lived within the communities of the workers. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated in the medical study.The workers had substantial exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD, as evidenced by a mean serum TCDD level, lipid adjusted, of 220 pg per gram of lipid compared with a mean of 7 pg per gram of lipid in the referents. Compared with the unexposed reference group, workers had a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 4.39 [unadjusted for confounders]). In multivariate analyses run with logistic regression, a statistically significant interaction was found between TCDD exposure and lifetime alcohol consumption, indicating that the elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT was confined to those workers with a history of alcohol consumption and that the risk among the alcohol-consuming workers for an out-of-range GGT increased with increasing TCDD level. No difference was found between workers and referents for any of the other liver and gastrointestinal outcomes of interest.This study found no evidence of an elevated risk for clinical hepatic or gastrointestinal disease in a group of workers with high exposure to TCDD. However, TCDD-exposed workers with a history of sufficient alcohol consumption were found to have a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT compared with referents.
Depression Severity and Effect of Antidepressant Medications
Authors: Murray M. Finkelstein
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complement Components and Activation in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Stefan Lindgren, Anna-Brita Laurell, Sten Eriksson
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Total complement activity was normal in 18 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis using two hemolytic assays capable of distinguishing between defects in classical and alternative pathways. Activation of the classical pathway was demonstrated in all patients by formation of complexes between C1r, C1s, and C1 inactivator. Large amounts of free C1q, not in complex with C1r and C1s, were demonstrated in the majority of patient sera. Furthermore, C4 levels were within the normal range or slightly subnormal. No evidence for alternative pathway activation was found. Increased mean levels of several complement components, in particular C1 inactivator, C2, C3, factor B, factor H, were noted. A significant correlation between these complement factors, derived mainly from the liver, and ceruloplasmin suggests that this elevation might be secondary to cholestasis. In contrast, no significant correlation with levels of early reacting acute phase reactants, immunoglobulins, or circulating immune complex-like material were observed. It is concluded that activation of the complement system by the classical pathway is common in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.
Reduction of Serum Testosterone Levels During Chronic Glucocorticoid Therapy
Authors: Michael R. MacADAMS, Richard H. White, Bradley E. Chipps
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The effect of chronic glucocorticoid therapy on serum testosterone levels was studied in men aged 67 ± 4 (SD) years with chronic pulmonary disease. The serum testosterone level was reduced in 14 of 16 patients to a mean value of 211 ± 93 ng/dL, compared with 449 ± 111 ng/dL in 11 age- and disease-matched control patients (p < 0.001). The corticosteroid dosage and the serum testosterone level were inversely related (r = -0.78). Testosterone binding to serum proteins was not significantly affected. Basal gonadotrophin levels were not elevated while their secretory responses to exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were intact. We conclude that glucocorticoid therapy commonly reduces serum testosterone levels in older men due to alteration of hypothalamic GnRH secretion.
Abstract 4449: Resistance to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor antibody associated with downregulated IGFBP2.
Authors: Yunkai Yu, Zhigang Kang, Lee Helman, Paul Meltzer, Liang Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Agents targeting the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor are in various stages of clinical development. Despite some initial response with single agent trials, the responses are limited and durations are short. It is important to understand the mechanics of innate and adaptive responses of the tumors that lead to resistance. An in vivo mouse model was used for the development of IGF1R antibody-resistant rhabdomyosarcoma tumor. All tumors, despite remarkable initial response, all eventually grow in the presence of the antibody. The isolated cell lines show cross-resistance to IGF1R antibodies, and are presented with increased AKT activity in the presence of an IGF1R antibody. Expression analysis indicates that IGFBP2 is the most affected gene in the IGF signaling process that is significantly down-regulated in two independently generated resistant lines. In addition, the recombinant IGFBP2 is capable of inhibiting of IGF1R phosphorylation and AKT signaling. Further, the inhibitory activity is amplified in the presence of an IGF1R antibody, against both sensitive and resistant RMS cells. Finally, the addition of antibodies against IGF1/2 or IGF2 enhances the activity of an IGF1R antibody against RMS cells. The findings suggest that IGFBP2 down-regulation may represent a novel mechanism to escape the blockage of IGF1R signaling by a therapeutic antibody. Citation Format: Yunkai Yu, Zhigang Kang, Lee Helman, Paul Meltzer, Liang Cao. Resistance to insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor antibody associated with downregulated IGFBP2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4449. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4449
Tortuosity of Subclavian And Innominate Arteries
Authors: J. H. Grollman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As Bousvaros and Sandler report (<b>205</b>:466, 1968), tortuosity of the subclavian and innominate arteries is commonly encountered in catheterization of the thoracic aorta. Prolonged manipulation in order to pass a catheter beyond this area is undesirable and may lead to intimal dissection. Unfortunately, the only alternative recorded by the authors is to desist and use the femoral route. Since one cannot predict the presence of such a condition, a method that would not necessitate a new approach would be helpful. Radiologists are frequently called on to perform, percutaneously via the axillary approach,<sup>1</sup>studies in older patients with considerable vascular disease and hypertension in whom this problem is more often encountered. Indeed, Roy noted that in 396 patients, tortuosity and/or atheromatous disease prevented successful percutaneous transaxillary catheterization in 5.8% and resulted in arterial damage in 2.6%.<sup>2</sup> Since introduction of the safety "J" wire by Judkins
Allergic asthma in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: R. C. Agondi, M. T. Barros, L. V. Rizzo, J. Kalil, P. Giavina‐Bianchi
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Many patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have a clinical history suggestive of allergic respiratory disease. However, in such individuals, the prevalence of asthma and the role of atopy have not been well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate pulmonary function and identify asthma in patients with CVID. We also investigated the role of IgE as a trigger of asthma in these patients.Sixty-two patients diagnosed with CVID underwent spirometry, as well as skin prick testing and in vitro determination of serum-specific IgE levels for aeroallergens, together with bronchial provocation with histamine and allergen.The most common alteration identified through spirometry was obstructive lung disease, which was observed in 29 (47.5%) of the 62 patients evaluated. Eighteen (29.0%) of the 62 patients had a clinical history suggestive of allergic asthma. By the end of the study, asthma had been diagnosed in nine (14.5%) patients and atopy had been identified in six (9.7%). In addition, allergic asthma had been diagnosed in four patients (6.5% of the sample as a whole; 22.2% of the 18 patients with a clinical history suggestive of the diagnosis).In this study, CVID patients testing negative for specific IgE antibodies and suspected of having allergic asthma presented a positive response to bronchial provocation tests with allergens. To our knowledge, this is the first such study. When CVID patients with a history suggestive of allergic asthma test negative on traditional tests, additional tests designed to identify allergic asthma might be conducted.
High Prevalence of Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients With Long-Term Pacing
Authors: Stéphane Garrigue, Jean-Louis Pépin, Pascal Defaye, Francis Murgatroyd, Yann Poezevara, Jacques Clémenty, Patrick Lévy
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Cardiovascular diseases leading to pacemaker implantations are suspected of being associated with a high rate of undiagnosed sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). We sought to determine the prevalence and consequences of SAS in pacemaker patients according to pacing indications: heart failure, symptomatic diurnal bradycardia, and atrioventricular block.Ninety-eight consecutive patients (mean age, 64+/-8 years) not known to have sleep apnea were included; 29 patients were paced for dilated cardiomyopathy (29%), 33 for high-degree atrioventricular block (34%), and 36 for sinus node disease (37%). All underwent Epworth Sleepiness Scale assessment and polysomnography with the pacemaker programmed to right ventricular DDI pacing mode (lower pacing rate, 50 pulses per minute). SAS was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index > or = 10/h. Mean Epworth Sleepiness Scale was in the normal range (7+/-4), although 13 patients (25%) had an abnormal score > 11/h. Fifty-seven patients (59%) had SAS; of these, 21 (21.4%) had a severe SAS (apnea-hypopnea index > 30/h). In patients with heart failure, 50% presented with SAS (mean apnea-hypopnea index, 11+/-7) compared with 68% of patients with atrioventricular block (mean apnea-hypopnea index, 24+/-29) and 58% with sinus node disease (mean apnea-hypopnea index, 19+/-23).In paced patients, there is an excessively high prevalence of undiagnosed SAS (59%). Whether treating SAS would have changed the need for pacing is unknown. Treatment effects should be further evaluated particularly because these patients are less symptomatic than typical SAS patients. In any case, SAS should be systematically searched for in paced patients owing to potential detrimental effects on their cardiovascular evolution.
Verapamil Enhances the Antitumoral Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenoviruses
Authors: Alena Gros, Cristina Puig, Sonia Guedan, Juan José Rojas, Ramon Alemany, Manel Cascallo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

The therapeutic potential of oncolytic adenoviruses is limited by the rate of adenovirus release. Based on the observation that several viruses induce cell death and progeny release by disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis, we hypothesized that the alteration in intracellular calcium concentration induced by verapamil could improve the rate of virus release and spread, eventually enhancing the antitumoral activity of oncolytic adenoviruses. Our results indicate that verapamil substantially enhanced the release of adenovirus from a variety of cell types resulting in an improved cell-to-cell spread and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the combination of the systemic administration of an oncolytic adenovirus (ICOVIR-5) with verapamil in vivo greatly improved its antitumoral activity in two different tumor xenograft models without affecting the selectivity of this virus. Overall, our findings indicate that verapamil provides a new, safe, and versatile way to improve the antitumoral potency of oncolytic adenoviruses in the clinical setting. The therapeutic potential of oncolytic adenoviruses is limited by the rate of adenovirus release. Based on the observation that several viruses induce cell death and progeny release by disrupting intracellular calcium homeostasis, we hypothesized that the alteration in intracellular calcium concentration induced by verapamil could improve the rate of virus release and spread, eventually enhancing the antitumoral activity of oncolytic adenoviruses. Our results indicate that verapamil substantially enhanced the release of adenovirus from a variety of cell types resulting in an improved cell-to-cell spread and cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the combination of the systemic administration of an oncolytic adenovirus (ICOVIR-5) with verapamil in vivo greatly improved its antitumoral activity in two different tumor xenograft models without affecting the selectivity of this virus. Overall, our findings indicate that verapamil provides a new, safe, and versatile way to improve the antitumoral potency of oncolytic adenoviruses in the clinical setting.