tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of ACE Inhibitors on Circulating Versus Cardiac Angiotensin II in Volume OverloadInduced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Marcel Ruzicka, Vaclav Skarda, Frans H.H. Leenen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Cardiac volume overload by an aortocaval shunt increases left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and plasma and cardiac renin activity and results in LV hypertrophy. To a similar extent, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors enalapril and quinapril prevent the increase in LVEDP. However, only quinapril attenuates the development of LV hypertrophy. We hypothesize that a low affinity of enalapril for cardiac ACE results in continuing generation of cardiac angiotensin II and thus hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Methods and Results In the present study, we assessed plasma and cardiac angiotensins I and II 1 and 7 days after aortocaval shunt and the effects of enalapril and quinapril started 3 days before surgery on plasma and cardiac angiotensin I and II at the same time points. Aortocaval shunt increased plasma angiotensin II at 1 day by 180%, but only a small increase (by 40%) persisted at 7 days. Aortocaval shunt increased LV angiotensin II by 100% and 65% at 1 and 7 days, respectively. Both blockers similarly prevented the increase in plasma angiotensin II by aortocaval shunt at both time points. In contrast, only quinapril prevented the rise in LV angiotensin II induced by shunt at 1 and 7 days. Conclusions Aortocaval shunt increases LVEDP and plasma and cardiac angiotensin II and results in LV hypertrophy. Only prevention of the increase in LVEDP and in plasma and cardiac angiotensin II attenuates the development of LV hypertrophy, consistent with the concept that angiotensin II is involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy by aortocaval shunt by both hemodynamic and cardiac trophic effects. This study is the first to show that differences in affinity for cardiac ACE may determine the effect of ACE inhibitors on cardiac angiotensin II and therefore cardiac hypertrophy.
The Management of Thymoma: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline
Authors: Conrad B. Falkson, Andrea Bezjak, Gail Darling, Richard Gregg, Richard Malthaner, Donna E. Maziak, Edward Yu, Christopher A. Smith, Sheila McNair, Yee C. Ung, William K. Evans
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
1037-141 Simplified three-dimensional measurement of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction using automated contour tracking method in patients
Authors: Kenichi Sugioka, Takeshi Hozumi, Yasuhiko Takemoto, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Masahide Nishiura, Kotaro Arai, Yoshiki Matsumura, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Minoru Yoshiyama, Kazuhide Takeuchi, Junichi Yoshikawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Primary Neuropathic Amyloidosis in Three Brothers
Authors: A. Zalin, A. Darby, S. Vaughan, E. B. Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Neuropathic primary amyloidosis has not been previously described in an English family. We present the clinical and pathological findings in three brothers with this condition and suggest that they have suffered from that form of the disease described originally by Andrade.
FAN1 mutations cause karyomegalic interstitial nephritis, linking chronic kidney failure to defective DNA damage repair
Authors: Weibin Zhou, Edgar A Otto, Andrew Cluckey, Rannar Airik, Toby W Hurd, Moumita Chaki, Katrina Diaz, Francis P Lach, Geoffrey R Bennett, Heon Yung Gee, Amiya K Ghosh, Sivakumar Natarajan, Supawat Thongthip, Uma Veturi, Susan J Allen, Sabine Janssen, Gokul Ramaswami, Joanne Dixon, Felix Burkhalter, Martin Spoendlin, Holger Moch, Michael J Mihatsch, Jerome Verine, Richard Reade, Hany Soliman, Michel Godin, Denes Kiss, Guido Monga, Gianna Mazzucco, Kerstin Amann, Ferruh Artunc, Ronald C Newland, Thorsten Wiech, Stefan Zschiedrich, Tobias B Huber, Andreas Friedl, Gisela G Slaats, Jaap A Joles, Roel Goldschmeding, Joseph Washburn, Rachel H Giles, Shawn Levy, Agata Smogorzewska, Friedhelm Hildebrandt
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Unilateral Primary Hematuria
Authors: Alexander C. Chester
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PRIMARY hematuria is a term used to describe persistent or recurrent unexplained hematuria, gross or microscopic, that has been demonstrated by biopsy specimen to be of glomerular origin. 1 A case of primary hematuria was unusually severe and prolonged, as well as unilateral in origin.  Report of a Case  A 44-year-old man experienced painless hematuria continuously for 16 months. His urine varied in color from that of dark tea to bright red. Packed RBC volume in urine varied between 0.5 and 2 vol%. No clots were noted. The creatinine clearance was 116 ml/min. The proteinuria value ranged between 1.3 and 1.6 g/24 hr, with a urine protein electrophoresis value reflecting a distribution of constituents similar to serum. The patient's packed RBC volume dropped to as low as 26 vol%, with a serum iron level of 44μg/dl and an iron-binding capacity of 333 μg/dl. Cystoscopy demonstrated a bloody efflux from the
Woodbridge Versus Typhoid Fever.
Authors: C. M. Fenn
Journal: JAMA (1897)

San Diego, Cal., Oct. 9, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I heartily concur with your correspondent "M." that the time is opportune to determine the status of Woodbridge's method as an abortifacient of typhoid fever. Certain it is that no just conclusion can be attained through acrimonious discussions in the medical journals, and meanwhile, possibly, humanity suffers. I would therefore suggest an appeal to the Académie de Médecine of Paris, members of which would doubtless be willing to pass upon a subject of such importance. There hospital and other facilities are unsurpassed, and it is well known that in times past its members have solved many problems of interest to the medical and scientific world. For example, says Pareira, homeopathy has been fairly put to the test of experiment by some of the members of the Académie, and the result was a failure. Andral tried it on 140 patients, in the
Allosuppressor and allohelper T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease. I. Alloreactive suppressor cells rather than killer T cells appear to be the decisive effector cells in lethal graft-vs.-host disease.
Authors: A G Rolink, T Radaszkiewicz, S T Pals, W G van der Meer, E Gleichmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Splenic T cells from B10 donors were injected into irradiated (B10 x DBA/2)F1 mice. Either 5 or 6 d later, activated donor T cells were recovered from the spleens of these primary F1 (1 degree F1) recipients and transferred to groups of nonirradiated syngeneic F1 (2 degrees F1) recipients. Whereas day-5-activated parental T cells induced the characteristic symptoms of acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and eventually lethal GVHD, day-6-activated B10 T cells failed to induce acute GVHD but induced symptoms of chronic GVHD. Interestingly, the inability of day-6-activated T cells to induce lethal GVHD could not be ascribed to a lack in anti-F1 T killer cells. The combined results of functional studies indicated that day-6 cells were enriched for alloreactive helper T cells, whereas day-5 cells were enriched for alloreactive suppressor cells. Hence, our findings indicate that acute GVHD and lethal GVHD are caused by alloreactive donor T suppressor but not T killer cells, and that symptoms of chronic GVHD are caused by alloreactive donor T helper cells.
Lymphokine-mediated regulation of the proliferative response of clones of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells.
Authors: R Fernandez-Botran, V M Sanders, T R Mosmann, E S Vitetta
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Murine Th1 and Th2 subsets differ not only in the lymphokines they produce, but also functionally. It is not clear what factors influence the preferential activation of one subset versus the other and what regulatory interactions exist between them. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of lymphokines produced by clones of Th1 cells (IL-2 and IFN-gamma), Th2 cells (IL-4), and APC (IL-1) on the proliferative response of Th1 and Th2 cells after antigenic stimulation. Activation of both types of clones in the presence of antigen and APC resulted in the acquisition of responsiveness to the proliferative effects of both IL-2 and IL-4, although Th2 cells were more responsive to IL-4 than Th1 cells. Responsiveness of Th1 and Th2 cells to both lymphokines decreased with time after initial antigenic activation; Th1 cells lost their responsiveness to IL-4 more rapidly and to IL-2 more slowly than Th2 cells. IFN-gamma partially inhibited the IL-2 and IL-4-mediated proliferation of Th2, but not Th1 cells. Although the presence of IL-1 was not required for the response of Th1 or Th2 cells to IL-4, its presence resulted in a synergistic effect with IL-2 or IL-4 in Th2 but not in Th1 cells. Both subsets responded to a mixture of IL-2 and IL-4 in synergistic fashion. Delayed addition and wash-out experiments indicated that both IL-2 and IL-4 had to be present simultaneously in order for synergy to occur. These results suggest that Th cell subsets might regulate each other via the lymphokines that they secrete and that the pathways of IL-2 and IL-4 mediated proliferation are interrelated.
Prevalence and Determinants of Solid and Liquid Gastric Emptying in Unstable Type I Diabetes: Relationship to postprandial blood glucose concentrations
Authors: Ebbe B Lyrenås, Eva H K Olsson, Ulla C Arvidsson, Thomas J Örn, Jan H Spjuth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To compare postprandial blood glucose levels with gastric emptying (GE) time after intake of a solid and a nutrient liquid meal in patients with unstable, type I diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The subjects studied were 15 patients with long-standing type I diabetes who during the last year repeatedly reported unexplained episodes of instability in their blood glucose regulation, including postprandial hypoglycemia. All patients were on a meal-administered, fast-acting insulin regimen. As control group, 19 healthy subjects were studied. GE was measured at two separate occasions, using a gamma camera after intake of either a solid or a nutrient liquid, isotope-labeled meal. Measurement of GE was done directly after meal completion and at 30-min intervals for 2 h. Insulin was taken 30 min before intake of the meal. Blood glucose was measured 30 min before the meal, after meal completion and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after start of the meal. All patients were evaluated for evidence of autonomic neuropathy and were asked for signs of gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. RESULTS Seven (44%) of the patients had significantly delayed emptying of the solid meal (three men, four women) (P &amp;lt; 0.01), of whom one woman also had delayed emptying of the liquid meal compared with the healthy control subjects. Changes in blood glucose concentration were correlated to GE time with, in the group with delayed GE, a significant fall after the solid meal compared with the liquid meal (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The lag phase was prolonged in the women compared with the men, reaching significance in the patient group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The women, patients as well as control subjects, had throughout the study a prolonged emptying time compared with the men after both the solid and the liquid meal. No correlation between GE and blood glucose concentration could be found. CONCLUSIONS Delayed GE of a solid meal is commonly found in patients with type I diabetes and may be one cause of unstable blood glucose regulation. Women, patients as well as control subjects, seem to have a more prolonged GE than men. Awareness of gastric function in patients with type I diabetes is essential, especially in patients treated with meal-administered, fast-acting insulin.
GM-CSF mediates autoimmunity by enhancing IL-6–dependent Th17 cell development and survival
Authors: Ivo Sonderegger, Giandomenica Iezzi, Reinhard Maier, Nicole Schmitz, Michael Kurrer, Manfred Kopf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is critically involved in development of organ-related autoimmune inflammatory diseases including experimental allergic encephalitis and collagen-induced arthritis. Roles of GM-CSF in the initiation and in the effector phase of the autoimmune response have been proposed. Our study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of GM-CSF in autoimmunity using a model of autoimmune heart inflammatory disease (myocarditis). The pathological sequel after immunization with heart myosin has been shown previously to depend on IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, and IL-17. We found that innate GM-CSF was critical for IL-6 and IL-23 responses by dendritic cells and generation of pathological Th17 cells in vivo. Moreover, GM-CSF promoted autoimmunity by enhancing IL-6-dependent survival of antigen specific CD4(+) T cells. These results suggest a novel role for GM-CSF in promoting generation and maintenance of Th17 cells by regulation of IL-6 and IL-23 in vivo.
Trends in Survival Over the Past Two Decades Among White and Black Patients With Newly Diagnosed Stage IV Breast Cancer
Authors: Shaheenah Dawood, Kristine Broglio, Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Aman U. Buzdar, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Sharon H. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Overall, breast cancer mortality has been declining in the United States, but survival studies of patients with stage IV disease are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in and factors affecting survival in a large population-based cohort of patients with newly diagnosed stage IV breast cancer.We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry to identify female patients with stage IV breast cancer diagnosed between 1988 and 2003. Patients were divided into three groups according to year of diagnosis (1988 to 1993, 1994 to 1998, and 1999 to 2003). Survival outcomes were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox models were fit to determine the characteristics independently associated with survival.We identified 15,438 patients. Median age was 62 years. Median follow-up was 16 months, 18 months, and 11 months in periods 1988 to 1993, 1994 to 1998, and 1999 to 2003, respectively. Median breast cancer-specific survival was 23 months. In the multivariate model, earlier year of diagnosis, grade 3 disease, increasing age, being unmarried, hormone receptor-negative disease, and no surgery were all independently associated with worse overall and breast cancer-specific survival. With each successive year of diagnosis, black patients had an increasingly greater risk of death compared with white patients (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06; P = .031).The survival of patients with newly diagnosed stage IV breast cancer has modestly improved over time, but these data suggest that the disparity in survival between black and white patients has increased.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression and risk of heart failure: the <scp>HUNT</scp> Study
Authors: Lise T. Gustad, Lars E. Laugsand, Imre Janszky, Håvard Dalen, Ottar Bjerkeset
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2014)

Aims Symptoms of anxiety and depression often co‐exist with cardiovascular disease, yet little is known about the prospective risk for heart failure ( HF ) in people with symptoms of depression and anxiety. We aimed to study these prospective associations using self‐reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and mixed symptoms of anxiety and depression ( MSAD ) in a large population sample. Methods and results In the second wave of the Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study ( HUNT 2, 1995–1997), Norway, baseline data on symptoms of anxiety and depression, socio‐demographic variables, health status including cardiovascular risk factors, and common chronic somatic diseases were registered for 62 567 adults, men and women, free of known HF . The cohort was followed for incident HF from baseline throughout 2008. A total of 1499 cases of HF occurred during a mean follow‐up of 11.3 years ( SD = 2.9), identified either in hospital registers or by the National Cause of Death Registry. There was no excess risk for future HF associated with symptoms of anxiety or MSAD at baseline. For depression, the multi‐adjusted hazard ratios for HF were 1.07 (0.87–1.30) for moderate symptoms and 1.41 (1.07–1.87) for severe symptoms ( P for trend 0.026). Established cardiovascular risk factors, acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) prior to baseline, and adjustment for incident AMI as a time‐dependent covariate during follow‐up had little influence on the estimates. Conclusion Symptoms of depression, but not symptoms of anxiety or MSAD , were associated with increased risk for HF in a dose–response manner. The increased risk could not be fully explained by cardiovascular or socio‐economic risk factors, or by co‐morbid AMI .
The Influence of Diagnostic Radiography on the Incidence of Breast Cancer and Leukemia
Authors: John S. Evans, John E. Wennberg, Barbara J. McNeil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Little accurate information is available on the influence of diagnostic radiography on the incidence of cancer in the general population, largely because of a lack of knowledge of the numbers and the age distributions of patients undergoing radiographic examinations. We used such information from a closed population in Maine that was followed for a year, along with data from the literature on the absorbed dose from typical examinations and a mathematical model linking dose to the incidence rate of cancer, to estimate the numbers of cases of radiologically induced cancer of the bone marrow and breast. Our data indicate that about 1 percent of all cases of leukemia and less than 1 percent of all cases of breast cancer result from diagnostic radiography. In addition, such tumors generally occur late in life; the incidence of radiation-induced leukemia was highest at 69 years, and the incidence of radiation-induced breast cancer was highest at 76 years. Thus, diagnostic radiography has only a small influence on the occurrence of leukemia and breast cancer.
Eumelanin and phaeomelanin contents of depigmented and repigmented skin in vitiligo patients
Authors: D. Parsad, K. Wakamatsu, A.J. Kanwar, B. Kumar, S. Ito
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

There are two chemically distinct types of melanin: the red-yellow phaeomelanin and the brown-black eumelanin. Both types of melanin have been detected in human hair, epidermis and cultured melanocytes.In a preliminary study, to quantify levels of both eumelanin and phaeomelanin in depigmented as well as repigmented patches of vitiligo following psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy.We enrolled five patients with vitiligo for this study. We took biopsies from depigmented as well as repigmented lesions after PUVA therapy. The eumelanin and phaeomelanin contents of the skin biopsies were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography.The mean concentrations in depigmented lesions were 229.4 ng per piece for phaeomelanin and 572 ng per piece for eumelanin (mean phaeomelanin/eumelanin ratio 0.36). In repigmented lesions, the mean concentration of phaeomelanin was 74.8 ng per piece and that of eumelanin was 1657.6 ng per piece (mean phaeomelanin/eumelanin ratio 0.049).Depigmented lesions showed both types of melanin, and contained a substantial amount of phaeomelanin, whereas repigmented lesions after PUVA showed predominantly eumelanin. We detected melanin in depigmented lesions of vitiligo of 5 years duration, suggesting that some residual melanocytes are still active in depigmented lesions.
HIV Transmission Through Breastfeeding
Authors: Paolo G. Miotti, Taha E. T. Taha, Newton I. Kumwenda, Robert Broadhead, Laban A. R. Mtimavalye, Len Van der Hoeven, John D. Chiphangwi, George Liomba, Robert J. Biggar
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextUnderstanding the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through breastfeeding is essential for advising HIV-infected mothers and formulating public health policy recommendations.ObjectiveTo measure the frequency, timing, and risk factors of HIV transmission through breast milk.DesignProspective cohort study conducted between 1994 and 1997, with follow-up of infants through 24 months of age.SettingPostnatal clinic of tertiary care hospital, Blantyre, Malawi.ParticipantsA total of 672 infants (HIV-negative at birth) born to HIV-infected women who had not received antiretroviral drugs during or after pregnancy.Main Outcome MeasureIncidence of HIV in breastfed infants by age and maternal and infant risk factors for HIV transmission, using proportional hazard models to derive risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsForty-seven children became HIV-infected while breastfeeding but none after breastfeeding had stopped. The cumulative infection rate while breastfeeding, from month 1 to the end of months 5, 11, 17, and 23, was 3.5%, 7.0%, 8.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. Incidence per month was 0.7% during age 1 to 5 months, 0.6% during age 6 to 11 months, and 0.3% during age 12 to 17 months (P=.01 for trend). The only factors significantly associated with low risk of postnatal HIV transmission in a multivariate model were high maternal parity (RR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.09-0.56) and older maternal age (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.84).ConclusionsOur data suggest that the risk of HIV infection is highest in the early months of breastfeeding, which should be considered in formulating breastfeeding policy recommendations.
Hyperacute Renal-Homograft Rejection in Man
Authors: G. Melville Williams, David M. Hume, R. Page Hudson, Peter J. Morris, Kyoichi Kano, Felix Milgrom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Biopsies of renal transplants taken within one hour after completion of vascular anastomoses revealed, in seven of 132 cases, the accumulation of large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes within glomerular and peritubular capillaries, with eventual transplant failure in all cases. Serologic studies in all recipients demonstrated pre-existing antibodies reacting with human histocompatibility antigens. Heat eluates from three of four rejected kidneys also contained activity against human histocompatibility antigens. These findings suggest that serum antibody reacted with and became fixed to the histocompatibility antigens of the graft, thereby initiating an acute vascular reaction with early polymorphonuclear-leukocyte margination and progression to widespread capillary thrombosis.