tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short term treatment of gastric ulcer: a comparison of sucralfate and cimetidine.
Authors: B Hallerback, O Anker-Hansen, L Carling, H Glise, J H Solhaug, L E Svedberg, L Wahlby
Journal: Gut (1986)

A double blind randomised study was undertaken to compare sucralfate and cimetidine in short term treatment of gastric ulcer. The study included 149 patients with endoscopically confirmed gastric ulcerations. Patients with prepyloric ulcers 2 cm or less from the pyloric ring were not accepted for participation in the trial. Ulcer healing was assessed endoscopically at four week intervals. A total of 134 patients completed the study. The cumulative healing rates after 12 weeks were 98% for sucralfate and 94% for cimetidine treated patients. After four and eight weeks, the healing rates were 61% and 94% for sucralfate and 69% and 94% for the cimetidine-treated group respectively. No statistically significant differences in healing rates were seen. The 95% confidence interval was calculated for the difference between the ulcer healing rates of sucralfate and cimetidine. This interval was found to range between +11% and -2% after 12 weeks of treatment - that is, the healing efficacy of sucralfate was calculated to be at most 11% better or 2% worse than that of cimetidine. No significant differences in symptom relief, side effects or antacid intake were found.
Report of Familial Cases of Parkinsonism
Authors: George G. Spellman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

PARKINSONISM is not generally considered to be hereditary. Many textbooks of neurology mention only that cases have been reported in which heredity appeared to play a part. However, the impression that parkinsonism has a hereditary tendency has been documented by a number of authors. Doshay feels that idiopathic parkinsonism has a well-defined hereditary liability, that it is related to myoclonic epilepsy, and that both these conditions represent a form of "cumulative metabolic neuronal lipoidosis." Medea and Clerice in 1898 reported the illness to be present in 4 of 10 siblings. In 1899 Collins and Muskins commented on the high incidence of this affliction in the Irish, and 4 of their reported 24 patients had "a straight forward history of direct inheritance." In these 4, one of the parents was afflicted, and in 3 of the 4 cases an aunt or an uncle also had the disease. Hart in 1904 reported
Radial and horizontal deployment of clonally related cells in the primate neocortex: Relationship to distinct mitotic lineages
Authors: David R. Kornack, Pasko Rakic
Journal: Neuron (1995)

To analyze cell lineage in the rhesus monkey necorotex, we used recombinant retroviruses to label individual progenitor cells in the ventricular zone (VZ), then determined histochemically the distribution of their progeny during and after the period of cortical neurogenesis. Distribution patterns of labeled cells in the VZ suggested the coexistence of asymmetrically and symmetrically dividing progenitor cells, indicating that both postmitotic and mitotic progeny are produced during cortical neurogenesis. In the cortex, several distinct patterns of clonal distribution were observed and interpreted as follows: clones aligned radially suggested that asymmetrically dividing progenitors generate sequential "siblings" that migrate, in tandem, along a common radial path to the cortex. In contrast, clones oriented horizontally within a single lamina suggested that symmetric divisions produce multiple, laterally displaced progenitors which, in turn, simultaneously generate "cousin" cells that migrate, in concert, to the same cortical layer. Thus, we propose that different mitotic lineages, which coexist in the monkey VZ, produce distinct radial or laminar patterns of clone deployment that foreshadow the cytological organization of the adult neocortex.
847 Hypoosmotic swelling increases protein tyrosine nitration in cultured rat astrocytes
Authors: F SCHLIESS, N FOSTER, B GORG, R REINEHR, D HAUSSINGER
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Background/Aims: The hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is in part the result of astrocyte swelling with alterations of glial function. Detoxification of ammonia may be one mechanism by which astrocyte swelling is triggered in HE.Methods: The differential display polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis were used for study the functional consequence of cell volume changes and ammonia on gene expression in primary rat astrocytes.Results: Differentially expressed cDNA products were identified with about 92% homology to genes coding for mouse proline rich protein expressed in brain (PRTB), rat clusterin, elongin, and human Kelch motif containing protein. As shown by Northern blot analysis, PRTB and clusterin mRNA levels were upregulated by 19–64% after 4–8 h by both ammonia and hypoosmolarity. Elongin mRNA expression increased by 97% in response to ammonia but slightly by hypoosmolarity. Further, hypoosmotic exposure for 1–24 hours but not ammonia led to an increase of 80% in KMCP mRNA levels.Conclusions: The identification of these genes offers the opportunity to identify unrecognized molecular mechanisms of HE. The finding that several genes are induced by both, hypoosmolarity and ammonia, supports the view that astrocyte swelling is a major, but not the only pathogenetic event in HE.
UK government agrees 1.5% pay rise for NHS doctors and dentists
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors and dentists working in the NHS are to receive a 1.5% pay rise for 2009-10, the government has announced.

The announcement is in line with the recommendation from the doctors’ and dentists’ review body (DDRB), but slightly lower than the increase recommended by NHS Employers and has been greeted with disappointment by the BMA.

“Doctors will be disappointed at this award,” said Dr Hamish Meldrum, the BMA’s …
TNF-α Contributes To The Development Of Asthma By Enhancing IL-23/Th17 And Th2 Immune Responses
Authors: H. Lee, E. Jeon, B. Bang, E. Shim, J. Kwon, T. Kim, J. Jung, S. Lee, K. Kim, S. Kim, H. Kang, H. Park, Y. Chang, S. Kim, S. Cho, K. Min, Y. Kim
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Reinvesting in health post-2015
Authors: Hillevi Engström, Pe Thet Khin, Awa Coll-Seck, Rasmus Helveg Petersen, Anarfi Asamoa-Baah, Graça Machel, Richard Sezibera, Joy Phumaphi, Ariel Pablos-Mendes, Ursula Müller, Lambert Grijns, Jasmine Whitbread, Lola Dare, Ramanan Laxminarayan, John E Lange, Anders Nordström
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Oral Candidiasis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Thorough Analysis
Authors: Gary A Bartholomew, Brad Rodu, David S Bell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

It has generally been assumed that oral candidiasis occurs with increased frequency in patients with diabetes mellitus. To evaluate this, we compared the frequency and severity of oral Candida colonization in 60 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) admitted to a low-intensity-care diabetes unit with those in 57 age- and sex-matched controls. Swabs taken from the tongue and buccal mucosa were examined by cytology rather than culture because of the discrimination provided by the former. Cytological smears were classified according to the presence and morphology of the Candida organisms. Overall, a significant difference in Candida species colonization was found between patients with diabetes (75.0%) and controls (35.1%) (p &amp;lt; .005). In the diabetic group, no relationship was found to recent use of antibiotics, total or differential white blood cell count, serum glucose, presence of diabetic retinopathy, or glycosylated hemoglobin values. We conclude that in IDDM there is a predisposition to oral candidiasis and that this predisposition is independent of glucose control.
CASE OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE ETHMOIDITIS, SARCOMA OF RIGHT TEMPORO-SPHENOIDAL LOBE, WITH MISLEADING SYMPTOMS.
Authors: J. A. STUCKY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

On account of the extensive and serious pathologic condition, involving vital structures and very confusing and misleading symptoms, the following case is considered of sufficient interet for discussion: <h3>Patient.</h3> —On Dec. 7, 1905, J. J. H., aged 51, was brought to me by Dr. E. V. Seay of Salvisa, Ky., with the following history: He had been troubled for many years with nasal catarrh; at times large quantities of pus would discharge from nose, and this would be followed by great relief for some days or weeks. Six months previously he had a prolonged attack of malarial fever. Two weeks ago he began sufferingting pains in frontal region between the eyes, pain being aggravated by jarring the bed or when in a stooping position. He suffered greatly from nausea, mental depression and insomnia. <h3>Examination.</h3> —His gait was unsteady, inclining to the right as he walked across the room. Skin was
Reversible Marked Splenomegaly in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: Rajiv K. Pruthi, Ayalew Tefferi, Robert M. Petitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Reversible Marked Splenomegaly in Pernicious AnemiaRajiv K. Pruthi, MD, Ayalew Tefferi, MD, and Robert M. Petitt, MDRajiv K. Pruthi, MD, Ayalew Tefferi, MD, and Robert M. Petitt, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pernicious anemia is characterized by macrocytosis, neuropathy, and mucosal atrophy of the gastrointestinal tract, but marked splenomegaly is not considered to be a characteristic. We describe a patient with a marked enlargement of the spleen that resolved after vitamin B12 therapy.In September 1991, a 46-year-old white man presented with fatigue. Physical findings included pallor and splenomegaly palpable at 8 cm below the left costal margin. Laboratory findings showed pancytopenia and macrocytosis. The patient had a leukocyte count of 2.0 109, with a normal differential; a hemoglobin concentration of 57 g/L; a mean corpuscular volume of 119 ...References1. Davidson S. Clinical picture of pernicious anemia prior to introduction of liver therapy in 1926 and in Edinburgh subsequent to 1944. BMJ. 1957; 2:241-3. Google Scholar2. Bigg E. Spleen size in pernicious anemia. Ann Intern Med. 1940; 14: 277-80. Google Scholar3. MacCarty WC. Chronic splenomegaly. Arch Intern Med. 1928; 41: 536-48. Google Scholar4. Minot GR, Murphy WP. Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet. JAMA. 1926. 87:470-6. Google Scholar5. Enokohara H, Saito K, Hazama S, Hirose K, Komatsu H, Furusawa S. A case of pernicious anemia with giant splenomegaly. Japanese Journal of Clinical Hematology. 1978; 19:1684-9. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHematological Findings in Children with Vitamin B12 DeficiencyMegaloblastic Anemia Presenting with Massive Reversible SplenomegalySevere vitamin B12 deficiency resulting in pancytopenia, splenomegaly and leukoerythroblastosis 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1053KeywordsLiverLiver function testsMean corpuscular volumeNeuropathyNeutrophilsPernicious anemiaPlateletsResearch laboratoriesSpleenSplenomegaly ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
"SUNLIGHT AND HELIOTHERAPY"
Authors: Helen C. Cleaves
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —In the May 16, 1925, issue ofThe Journal, p. 1499, you speak of ultraviolet rays coming from the sky when the sun is obscured by cloud. Here in this part of California we have much high fog, which completely hides the sun. Can one get good effects from exposure in a tuberculous gland case on such a day? We have many of them. I have a patient with whom I wish to use heliotherapy for cervical enlarged glands.  Comment.  —In the Report of the Medical Research Council for the year 1923-1924, to which reference was made in a footnote toThe Journal'seditorial comment, it is stated that:  Methods for standardization of ultraviolet radiation have been developed by Mr. Webster, Dr. Eidinow and Dr. Hill. A standard solution of acetone methylene blue is used in a standard quartz tube, and the bleaching of this solution is
Inspiratory muscle testing in stable COPD patients
Authors: T Similowski, JP Derenne
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Exploration of inspiratory muscles in stable chronic pulmonary disease patients can be important in the investigation of a respiratory handicap unsatisfactorily explained by alterations of the passive respiratory system, or in the follow-up of patients undergoing treatments that can interfere with muscle function. Compensatory mechanisms tend to counterbalance the deleterious effects of hyperinflation in these patients, and precise clinical data are needed in order to avoid mistakes due to underverified hypotheses. Investigation of inspiratory muscle function requires the study of output data under various states of activity of the system. As outputs, volume displacement lacks specificity, pressure measurements can be more specific but are at times invasive and should be associated with lung volume measurements, electromyography is methodologically complex, nonquantitative and of poor reproducibility. Voluntary manoeuvres depend upon subject co-operation, and do not allow partitioning of output between the action of different muscle groups. Transcutaneous electrical phrenic nerve stimulation is devoid of these inconveniences, but it explores only one muscle (the diaphragm) under conditions that are not "natural" (relaxed rib cage). Recently, perspectives for easier clinical assessment of inspiratory muscle function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients have been opened by cervical magnetic stimulation, better understanding of the meaning of mouth pressure in relationship to phrenic stimulation, and development of noninvasive tests, such as nostril pressure during sniff or phonomyography. If validated, such tests should provide a reasonably limited panel of clinical tools to better appreciate muscle function in this setting.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation instead of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Marius M. Hoeper, Olaf Wiesner, Johannes Hadem, Oliver Wahl, Hendrik Suhling, Christoph Duesberg, Wiebke Sommer, Gregor Warnecke, Mark Greer, Olaf Boenisch, Markus Busch, Jan T. Kielstein, Andrea Schneider, Axel Haverich, Tobias Welte, Christian Kühn
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Role of the vascular endothelium in regulating the response of small arteries of the dog kidney to transmural pressure elevation and reduced PO2.
Authors: H Eskinder, D R Harder, J H Lombard
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The goal of this study was to determine the role of the vascular endothelium in regulating the response of small renal arteries to increased transmural pressure and reduced PO2. Canine small renal arteries (496 +/- 32 microns) were isolated, cannulated with micropipettes, and mounted in an in vitro chamber that allowed transmural pressure, tissue bath PO2, and vessel lumen PO2 to be controlled. In intact arteries, elevation of transmural pressure caused contractile activation and a progressive depolarization (0.17 +/- 0.09 mV/mm Hg pressure increase) of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Endothelial damage by air perfusion caused a 13-14% reduction in resting diameter and an 18 +/- 3 mV depolarization of the vascular smooth muscle, but eliminated the progressive contraction and depolarization that occurred in intact vessels in response to transmural pressure elevation. Reduction of either tissue bath O2 concentration or vessel lumen PO2 significantly enhanced norepinephrine-induced contractions of the arteries. Endothelial damage prevented the enhancement of norepinephrine-induced contractions by reduced PO2 in the vessels. The results of this study suggest that the vascular endothelium regulates both myogenic contraction and the enhancement of norepinephrine-induced contractions by reduced PO2 in small arteries of the dog kidney.
Complications of vacuum extraction.
Authors: J A Chalmers
Journal: BMJ (1969)

MEDICAL JOURNA-L even more liberal in that its stipulation is three A levels, one of which is to be in chemistry.Nearly a quarter of a century ago when I entered the medical school at Birmingham I was able to do so with a background of Higher School Certificate in English, French, and History.This was made possible by the existence of a First M.B. course, now a rapidly disappearing institution in English medical schools.Surely there would be advantages in the inclusion of such a course or of an appropriate content of physics, chemistry, and biology in the first years of the medical course-I am, etc.,
Women in Medicine
Authors: Cornelia Morrison Donovan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I am disappointed with E. G. Dimond's recent COMMENTARY,  in Medicine: The Future of Women Physicians (1983; 249:207). A number of my objections are covered by Dr Heins in her judicious Medicine and Motherhood (1983;249:209). Dr Dimond's discussion of the tasks of motherhood covers only the visible work, ie, the cleaning, shopping, and cooking. This work can be delegated as Dr Dimond states, although not as easily as he imagines. However, Dr Dimond does not explore the provision of that deep and intangible rapport, the talking and the daily discipline that must, I have learned through my work as a psychiatrist, be present for a child to develop as a whole, feeling, and comfortable human being. This larger task requires emotional availability and energy. I have observed that few persons, male or female, have sufficient energy to handle a full medical practice and still provide deep
The Arris and Gale Lectures ON THE MECHANISM AND TREATMENT OF SHOCK: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons, March 20th, 1912
Authors: H. T. Gray, L. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1912)

CLINICAL experience has taught that the shock value attaching to the operation for hernia is infinitely less than that arising from surgical interference with bone.A com- parison of the charts taken from the formier (Charts 21 to 24) and the latter (Charts 27 and 28) shows quite a different type of curve.In the former a step-ladder rise was re- marked; but in the bony operations the mean blood pressure was not so markedly raised, but was characterized by enormous rises followed by equally marked falls.
Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Hemophilia B Using PINC-Formulated Plasmid Delivered to Muscle with Electroporation
Authors: Jason G. Fewell, Fiona MacLaughlin, Vidya Mehta, Margaret Gondo, Francois Nicol, Elizabeth Wilson, Louis C. Smith
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Gene therapy, as a safe and efficacious treatment or prevention of diseases, is one of the next fundamental medical innovations. Direct injection of plasmid into skeletal muscle is still a relatively inefficient and highly variable method of gene transfer. However, published reports have shown that application of an electric field to the muscle immediately after plasmid injection increases gene expression at least 2 orders of magnitude. Using this methodology, we have achieved potentially therapeutic circulating levels of human factor IX (hF.IX) in mice and dogs. A plasmid encoding hF.IX formulated with a protective, interactive, noncondensing (PINC) polymer was injected into the skeletal muscle followed by administration of multiple electrical pulses (electroporation). In mice long-term expression was achieved and the ability to readminister formulated plasmid was demonstrated. In normal dogs, expression of hF.IX reached 0.5-1.0% of normal levels. The transient response in dogs was due to the development of antibodies against hF.IX. Elevated circulating creatine kinase levels and histological examination indicated transient minor trauma associated with the procedure. These data show that gene delivery using a plasmid formulated with a PINC polymer augmented with electroporation is scalable into large animal models and represents a promising approach for treating patients with hemophilia B.
The Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Provide Independent and Complementary Prediction of Cardiac Risk
Authors: Su Min Chang, Faisal Nabi, Jiaqiong Xu, Leif E. Peterson, Arup Achari, Craig M. Pratt, John J. Mahmarian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Health workers protest at unfair trial in Iran of HIV doctors
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The trial of two Iranian doctors on secret charges has caused a storm of protest from medical practitioners worldwide.

Arash Alaei and Kamiar Alaei, two brothers known internationally for their groundbreaking work as HIV and AIDS physicians, had been held without charge for more than six months before their appearance at Tehran’s Revolutionary Court at the end of December. They were summarily convicted of “communicating with an enemy government” and other as yet undisclosed charges and were still awaiting the verdict as the BMJ went to press.

The advocacy group Physicians for Human Rights says that the two were “denied fundamental requirements of due process,” because the prosecutor refused to disclose all the charges against them …
Is albuminuria an indicator of myocardial dysfunction in diabetic patients without overt heart disease? A study with Doppler strain and strain rate imaging
Authors: Chi Young Shim, Sungha Park, Eui-Young Choi, Seok-Min Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Jong-Won Ha, Se-Joong Rim, Hyun-Chul Lee, Namsik Chung
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
190 Impaired in vivo responses to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by the gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in livers from cirrhotic rats
Authors: K.A. Tazi, I. Bieche, V. Paradis, I. Laurendeau, D. Dargere, M.A. Robins, P. Bedossa, M. Vidaud, D. Lebrec, R. Moreau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Levels of Fetal Hemoglobin Necessary for Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: C T Noguchi, G P Rodgers, G Serjeant, A N Schechter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

THE advent of pharmacologic strategies for increasing γ-chain synthesis in patients with sickle cell disease and other hemoglobinopathies1 2 3 4 5 6 7 has made it important to ascertain the benefit that may be expected from various increases in fetal hemoglobin (hemoglobin F) levels. Although the increases in hemoglobin F levels resulting from the use of drugs such as azacytidine and hydroxyurea appear to be moderate (≤20 percent hemoglobin F), the potential toxicity of these drugs is relatively high. Fortunately, in the past few years, epidemiologic analyses of the severity of sickle cell disease and studies of the biophysics of intracellular polymerization have led to . . .