tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Levels of Soluble Complement Receptor 1 in Serum of Patients With Liver Diseases
Authors: S Sadallah, E Giostra, G Mentha, J A Schifferli
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Complement receptor type 1 (CR1) is an integral membrane protein of many hematopoietic cells and is found in a soluble form in plasma. Preliminary data have indicated that soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) levels in serum were increased in patients with cirrhosis. In this study, sCR1 was measured in patients with various liver diseases with a newly established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). sCR1 level was elevated in chronic active hepatitis C (24 patients, 62.6 +/- 31 ng/ML; 31 normal controls, 31.4 +/- 7.8 ng/mL, P < .001), and in cirrhosis (35 patients, 143.7 +/- 61 ng/mL, P < .001). The levels increased transiently in 3 patients who had amanita phalloides intoxication. In 25 patients with advanced cirrhosis (pretransplantation screening), there were significant inverse correlations between sCR1 and both the prothrombin index (rs = -.60, P < .002) and the aminopyrine breath test (rs = -.51, P < .01). Following liver transplantation, the levels dropped from 166 +/- 70 to 49 +/- 24 ng/mL (P < .0001), and serial measurements in the posttransplantation period showed a correlation with liver dysfunction, regardless of etiology. Since CR1 is not produced by hepatocytes, the most likely explanation for the increased level of sCR1 is reduced is reduced catabolism. Thus, sCR1 may be added to the short list of large glycoproteins that accumulate in liver disease.
Sexual Orientation and Physicians' Fitness for Military Duty
Authors: Stanley E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Department of Defense excludes homosexual and bisexual physicians from military service because homosexuality is assumed to impair their ability to perform military duties and to impair their unit's ability to function. This letter reports survey data about a group of homosexual and bisexual physicians who served in the military despite its exclusionary policy. The data challenge the assumption that sexual orientation is related to physicians' fitness for military duty. The American Medical Association recognizes the San Francisco Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights, a professional organization committed to improving health care for homosexual and bisexual persons, as a valuable resource for information about sexual orientation.<sup>1</sup>To obtain information about the military service experience of homosexual and bisexual physicians, I mailed an anonymous questionnaire to the nearly 400 members of the Bay Area Physicians for Human Rights. A summary of the data reported by respondents follows.
Epidemiology of IDDM in Switzerland: Increasing incidence rate and rural-urban differences in Swiss men born 1948-1972
Authors: Eugen J Schoenle, Luciano Molinari, Michael Bagot, Sandra Semadeni, Monika Wiesendanger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Switzerland by undertaking a retrospective analysis of the registry of the Swiss army, which contains updated medical files for all male Swiss citizens. Nationwide data for IDDM epidemiology have not been available in Switzerland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Every male Swiss citizen is obliged to enlist in the Swiss military service at 19 years of age, when a personal, continuously updated medical file is established. Diabetes is an exclusion condition for military service and is clearly marked in the file. A total number of 514,747 files, corresponding to birth year cohorts 1948-1950, 1955-1957, 1962-1964, and 1970-1972, have been manually checked for the diagnosis of IDDM. RESULTS IDDM was identified in 926 cases in the four groups of three age-cohorts. The incidence at ≤15 years (per 100,000/year) was 4.5 in the age cohorts 1948-1950 and 7.2 in the age cohorts 1970-1972 (P &amp;lt; 0.005). An additive age-cohort Poisson regression model fits the nationwide incidences adequately, neither a period effect nor age X cohort interactions being required. In the oldest age cohorts, the age-specific incidence of IDDM was calculated up to the age of 43 and was ∼7/ 100,000/year in men between 20 and 40. In these age cohorts, we found an ∼50% higher risk to develop IDDM at age ≤19 for men living in an urban region and a significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.005) increased incidence between 20 and 40 years in rural regions compared with urban regions. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of IDDM in Switzerland is comparable to other countries in central Europe and has been increasing in the last 20 years. This is in accordance to most recent epidemiological studies worldwide. In addition, the data suggest exogenous factors inducing IDDM at a younger age in urban regions.
Role of RUNX3 in Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Cecilia Wei Lin Lee, Kosei Ito, Yoshiaki Ito
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines regulating a broad spectrum of biological functions. Recent studies show the presence of BMP receptor 1a mutations in juvenile polyposis and frequent Smad4 mutations in colon cancer, suggesting that aberrations in BMP signaling play an important role in intestinal cancer pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The Runt domain transcription factor RUNX3 is an integral component of signaling pathways mediated by TGF-beta and BMPs. RUNX3 is a gastric and colon tumor suppressor, functioning downstream of TGF-beta. Recently, we showed the tumor-suppressive effects of RUNX3 by its ability to attenuate beta-catenin/T-cell factors (TCFs) transactivation in intestinal tumorigenesis. Here, we explore the molecular basis of the tumor-suppressive function of the BMP pathway through RUNX3 in colorectal carcinogenesis. BMP exerted a growth-suppressive effect in HT-29, a human colorectal cancer cell line. c-Myc oncogene was found to be downregulated by BMP and/or RUNX3. We show that upregulation of RUNX3 by BMP reduces c-Myc expression. Evidence is presented suggesting that RUNX3 downregulates c-Myc expression by two parallel pathways-directly at the transcriptional level and through attenuation of beta-catenin/TCFs, downstream of BMPs in colorectal cancer cells.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Contributes to the Late Phase of LTP and to Synaptic Growth in the Hippocampal Mossy Fiber Pathway
Authors: Danny Baranes, Doron Lederfein, Yan-You Huang, Mary Chen, Craig H Bailey, Eric R Kandel
Journal: Neuron (1998)

The expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is increased during activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. We have found that inhibitors of tPA inhibit the late phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP) induced by either forskolin or tetanic stimulation in the hippocampal mossy fiber and Schaffer collateral pathways. Moreover, application of tPA enhances L-LTP induced by a single tetanus. Exposure of granule cells in culture to forskolin results in secretion of tPA, elongation of mossy fiber axons, and formation of new, active presynaptic varicosities contiguous to dendritic clusters of the glutamate receptor R1. These structural changes are blocked by tPA inhibitors and induced by application of tPA. Thus, tPA may be critically involved in the production of L-LTP and specifically in synaptic growth.
Effect of Leukocyte Telomere Length on Total and Regional Brain Volumes in a Large Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Kevin S. King, Julia Kozlitina, Roger N. Rosenberg, Ronald M. Peshock, Roderick W. McColl, Christine K. Garcia
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Telomere length has been associated with dementia and psychological stress, but its relationship with human brain size is unknown.To determine if peripheral blood telomere length is associated with brain volume.Peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length and brain volumes were measured for 1960 individuals in the Dallas Heart Study, a population-based, probability sample of Dallas County, Texas, residents, with a median (25th-75th percentile) age of 50 (42-58) years. Global and 48 regional brain volumes were assessed from the automated analysis of magnetic resonance imaging.Telomere length and global and regional brain volumes.Leukocyte telomere length was associated with total cerebral volume (β [SE], 0.06 [0.01], P <.001) including white and cortical gray matter volume (β [SE], 0.04 [0.01], P = .002; β [SE], 0.07 [0.02], P <.001, respectively), independent of age, sex, ethnicity, and total intracranial volume. While age was associated with the size of most subsegmental regions of the cerebral cortex, telomere length was associated with certain subsegmental regions. Compared with age, telomere length (TL) explained a sizeable proportion of the variance in volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and inferior temporal region (hippocampus: βTL [SE], 0.08 [0.02], R2, 0.91% vs βage [SE], -0.16 [0.02], R2, 3.80%; amygdala: βTL [SE], 0.08 [0.02], R2, 0.78% vs βage [SE],-0.19 [0.02], R2,4.63%; inferior temporal: βTL [SE], 0.07 [0.02], R2, 0.92% vs βage [SE], -0.14 [0.02], R2, 3.98%) (P <.001 for all). The association of telomere length and the size of the inferior and superior parietal, hippocampus, and fusiform regions was stronger in individuals older than 50 years than younger individuals (inferior parietal: β>50 [SE], 0.13 [0.03], P <.001 vs β≤50 [SE], 0.02 [0.02], P = .51, P for interaction = .001; superior parietal: β>50 [SE], 0.11 [0.03], P <.001 vs β≤50 [SE], 0.01 [0.02], P = .71, P for interaction = .004; hippocampus: β>50 [SE], 0.10 [0.03], P = .004 vs β≤50 [SE], 0.05 [0.02], P = .07, P for interaction = .04; fusiform: β>50 [SE], 0.09 [0.03], P = .002, β≤50 [SE], 0.03 [0.02], P = .31, P for interaction = .03). The volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, superior and inferior temporal, precuneus, lateral orbitofrontal, posterior cingulate, thalamus and ventral diencephalon were independently associated with telomere length after adjustment for all covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, total intracranial volume, body mass index, blood pressure, diabetes, smoking status, and APOE genotype).To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to date to evaluate telomere length as an independent predictor of global and regional brain size. Future studies are needed to determine how telomere length and anatomic structural changes are related to cognitive function, dementia, and psychological disease.
145 THE CONVERSION TO EVEROLIMUS-BASED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS AMELIORATES RENAL FUNCTION AND PREVENTS HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITHOUT ANY EPISODE OF REJECTION
Authors: E. Cholongitas, E. Theocharidou, N. Antoniadis, J. Goulis, J. Fouzas, G. Imvrios, O. Giouleme, E. Akriviadis, V. Papanikolaou, T. Vasiliadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Chemotherapy for Tuberculosis
Authors: LAURENCE S. FARER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 January 1981Chemotherapy for TuberculosisLAURENCE S. FARER, M.D.LAURENCE S. FARER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-137_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial by Stead and Dutt (1) in the August 1980 issue brings to the attention of the internal medicine community a great advance in chemotherapy for tuberculosis that has reduced by half the required duration of treatment. The Arkansas method described is one good way, but not the only way, to give short-course chemotherapy, and this way is one good way, but not the only way, to treat tuberculosis. The real breakthrough was recognition of the remarkable efficacy of the isoniazid (INH)-rifampin (RIF) combination. The use of these two potent bactericidal drugs simply eliminates the need...References1. STEADDUTT WA. An advance in treatment of tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:364-5. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Guidelines for short-course tuberculosis chemotherapy. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep. 1980;29:97-105. Google Scholar1. STEADDUTT WA. An advance in treatment of tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:364-5. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Guidelines for short-course tuberculosis chemotherapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980;121:611-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. DUTTJONESSTEAD ALW. Short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis with largely twice-weekly isoniazid-rifampin. Chest. 1979;75:441-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. FOXMITCHISON WD. Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975;111:325-53. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. . Controlled trial of 6-month and 9-month regimens of daily and intermittent streptomycin plus isoniazid plus pyrazinamide for pulmonary tuberculosis in Hong Kong: the results Up to 30 months. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1975;115:727-35. Google Scholar3. . Controlled clinical trial of four short-course regimens of chemotherapy for two durations in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: first report. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978;118:39-48. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Center for Disease Control Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTuberculosis 1 January 1981Volume 94, Issue 1Page: 137-137KeywordsChemotherapyDrugsIsoniazid Issue Published: 1 January 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Above All 'Do No Harm' How Shall We Avoid Errors in Medicine?
Authors: Katherine L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The classic approach to quality of care evaluation has included an examination of structure, process, and outcomes and the relationship between these fundamental components of patient care. The articles by Bates et al<sup>1</sup>and Leape et al<sup>2</sup>in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>make an important contribution to quality-of-care evaluation by studying errors in medicine. They provide a conceptual framework, a clear and useful data analysis, and a systems analysis each of which contributes to our understanding of how care might be improved. By focusing on hospital-based adverse drug events (as errors in medicine), these researchers have shown that errors in care are prevalent and often preventable. They have shown that the systematic study of errors is feasible even when it relies on practicing physicians and on nurses as the informants of the errors. They have developed a taxonomy for adverse drug events that is clinically based. They make
Cell–Gene Delivery of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor to the Mouse Inner Ear
Authors: Takayuki Okano, Takayuki Nakagawa, Tomoko Kita, Tsuyoshi Endo, Juichi Ito
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Sensorineural hearing loss is a common disability, but treatment options are currently limited to cochlear implants and hearing aids. Studies are therefore being conducted to provide alternative means of biological therapy, including gene therapy. Safe and effective methods of gene delivery to the cochlea need to be developed to facilitate the clinical application of these therapeutic treatments for hearing loss. In this study, we examined the potential of cell–gene therapy with nonviral vectors for delivery of therapeutic molecules into the cochlea. NIH3T3 cells were transfected with the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene using lipofection and then transplanted into the mouse inner ear. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated the survival of grafted cells in the cochlea for up to 4 weeks after transplantation. No significant hearing loss was induced by the transplantation procedure. A Bdnf-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed a significant increase in Bdnf production in the inner ear following transplantation of engineered cells. These findings indicate that cell–gene delivery with nonviral vectors may be applicable for the local, sustained delivery of therapeutic molecules into the cochlea.
PSYCHIATRY IN UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION
Authors: WILLIAM MALAMUD
Journal: JAMA (1949)

During the last few years, and particularly following the experience gained in World War II, an important change has developed in the position occupied by psychiatry within the general medical profession, and with it has come the need for a reorientation of the two. On the one hand, psychiatry has begun to appreciate more fully the significant role that the somatic functions play in influencing psychologic and social adjustment and their importance in the causation and treatment of personality problems. On the other hand, the medical profession in general has come to realize the effects that emotional and social factors exert on the somatic functions and the importance of these factors in the development and maintenance of physical symptoms.  Medical educators have long recognized this development and with it the need for a revision of the status of psychiatry in the training program of physicians, both at the undergraduate and
Campylobacter like organisms in duodenal and antral endoscopic biopsies: relationship to inflammation.
Authors: B J Johnston, P I Reed, M H Ali
Journal: Gut (1986)

In 66 endoscopic duodenal biopsies studied retrospectively and in 84 paired duodenal and antral biopsies assessed prospectively campylobacter like organisms were seen in 22 (33%) of the retrospectively examined duodenal biopsies and in 61 (73%) examined prospectively, and in 70 (83%) of antral biopsies. In the duodenum the organisms were mostly confined to the surface epithelium in areas showing gastric metaplasia, while in the antrum they were also found within superficial glands. A strong association was shown between the presence of campylobacter like organisms and histological active duodenal inflammation.
Third National Conference on American Indian Health
Authors: Agnes Fahy
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Mental health and trachoma are emerging as major health problems among American Indians, as intensive prevention and treatment programs are improving the outlook for the conquest of such systemic infectious diseases as tuberculosis. To focus attention on the increase in mental disorders and the recurrence of trachoma, once almost completely controlled on the reservations, and to consider approaches of their solution, the National Committee on Indian Health of the Association on American Indian Affairs, last fall, called its third conference on Indian health. The first conference had been held in 1953 to consider whether to recommend the transfer of Indian health services from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior, to the Public Health Service, a transfer which was subsequently effected. The second conference, in 1955, was concerned with questions related to the administrative change. The third conference was held in New York on Nov 19, 1964. There
David John Turner
Authors: S. Turner
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Avoidable complications for surgical patients still occur despite efforts to improve patient safety processes in operating rooms. Analysis of experiences of operating room nurses can contribute to better understanding of perioperative processes and flow, and why avoidable complications still occur. <h3>Aim</h3> To explore aspects of patient safety practice during joint replacement surgery through assessment of operating room nurse experiences. <h3>Method</h3> A qualitative design using semistructured interviews with 21 operating room nurses currently involved in joint replacement surgery in Sweden. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used. <h3>Results</h3> The operating room nurses described experiences with patient safety hazards on an organisational, team and individual level. Uncertainties concerning a reliable plan for the procedure and functional reporting, as well as documentation practices, were identified as important. Teamwork and collaboration were described as crucial at the team level, including being respected as valuable, having shared goals and common expectations. On the individual level, professional knowledge, skills and experience were needed to make corrective steps. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The conditions to support patient safety, or limit complication risk, during joint replacement surgery continue to be at times inconsistent, and require steady performance attention. Operating room nurses make adjustments to help solve problems as they arise, where there are obvious risks for patient complications. The organisational patient safety management process still seems to allow deviation from established practice standards at times, and relies on individual-based corrective measures at the ‘bedside’ at times for good results.
Acute severe deterioration in cystic fibrosis associated with influenza A virus infection.
Authors: S P Conway, E J Simmonds, J M Littlewood
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: The role of non-bacterial infection in respiratory exacerbations of cystic fibrosis has been studied less than that of bacterial infection. Some non-bacterial infections, such as influenza A, may be associated with acute respiratory deterioration and may be preventable. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three patients with cystic fibrosis showed severe deterioration in lung function and general wellbeing during the influenza A virus epidemic in the winter of 1989-90. Serological confirmation of influenza A virus infection was obtained in each case. CONCLUSIONS: As immunisation against influenza A virus is safe and provokes an adequate antibody response in patients with cystic fibrosis, it is concluded that patients with cystic fibrosis should be offered immunisation at the beginning of each influenza season. Rapid diagnostic tests and the use of antiviral drugs may have a prophylactic role in minimising lung damage.
92. Gene Transfer to Ocular Stem Cells by Early Gestational Intra-Amniotic Injection of Lentiviral Vector
Authors: Masayuki Endo, Phil W. Zoltick, Daniel C. Chung, Jean Bennett, Alan W. Flake
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Ocular gene transfer has generally been approached by direct intraocular injection. In this study, we hypothesized that an opportunity exists during early gestation when specific ocular stem cell populations are accessible for gene transfer. These include the stem cell populations that maintain the cornea, lens, and retina throughout life. To test this hypothesis, we injected lentiviral vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene into the murine amniotic space from the late head fold/early somite stage postcoital day 8 (E8) to E18 and performed sequential analysis of GFP expression in ocular tissues. Depending on the timing of vector exposure, significant GFP expression was observed in all ectoderm-derived tissues in the eye. With injection at early gestational time points, GFP expression persisted long term, with evidence of high efficiency stem cell transduction in the cornea, lens, and retina. The observed patterns and duration of gene expression confirm the accessibility of ocular stem cell populations for lentiviral vector-based gene transfer at specific developmental time points in early gestation. This model may be useful for the investigation of mechanisms of genetic and/or developmental ocular disease and for the development of prenatal gene therapy for specific ocular disorders.