tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Prevention With Metoprolol in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Lars Wilhelmsen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Heart Attack Primary Prevention in Hypertension (HAPPHY) trial was published in 1987.<sup>1</sup>The main objective of the HAPPHY trial was to determine whether antihypertensive treatment with β-blockers differed from thiazide diuretic treatment with respect to the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, mortality from coronary heart disease, and total mortality in men with mild to moderate hypertension. The trial recruited 6569 patients from 184 centers. Centers could choose either atenolol or metoprolol as a β-blocker and bendrofluazide or hydrochlorothiazide as a thiazide diuretic. The trial was closed according to the protocol on Dec 31, 1985. Total mortality, incidence of coronary heart disease, and incidence of stroke did not differ between the β-blocker-treated group and the diuretic-treated group. When the HAPPHY trial was closed, investigators at centers that used metoprolol decided to continue follow-up of patients in the trial randomized to treatment with metoprolol or with a
THE CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
Authors: D.T. Roberts
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article THE CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMIC ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS Get access D.T. Roberts D.T. Roberts Consultant Dermatologist Western Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 5, 1 May 1982, Pages 597–602, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb04566.x Published: 01 May 1982
Single use equipment is used up to 20 times, says report
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Many critical and semicritical single use medical devices are being used up to 20 times in Canadian acute care hospitals, and this compromises the safety of patients, says Medical Devices Canada, which represents manufacturers of medical devices.

A preliminary report from a study undertaken by the Canadian Hospital Epidemiological Committee and the federal health department (Health Canada), as part of the Canadian nosocomial infection surveillance …
Noncanonical NF-κB Pathway Controls the Production of Type I Interferons in Antiviral Innate Immunity
Authors: Jin Jin, Hongbo Hu, Haiyan S. Li, Jiayi Yu, Yichuan Xiao, George C. Brittain, Qiang Zou, Xuhong Cheng, Frédérick A. Mallette, Stephanie S. Watowich, Shao-Cong Sun
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Melatonin: a novel treatment for IBS?
Authors: S Elsenbruch
Journal: Gut (2005)

Can poor sleep affect gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS? More on the “bad dreams cause bad bowels” hypothesis with reference to new treatment options

The issue of sleep in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is intriguing and relevant for several reasons. Firstly, complaints of poor sleep are extremely common in patients with IBS. In fact, self reported sleep disturbance can be regarded as one of the most important extraintestinal symptoms of IBS, which markedly affects quality of life and psychosocial well being.1 In spite of this, little is known about treatment options for this important extraintestinal symptom of IBS. Secondly, there is an overlap between IBS and fibromyalgia syndrome (FS),2 another pain syndrome which has also been linked to disturbed sleep physiology,3 as well as stress.4 If indeed a proportion of IBS patients share a common pathophysiological mechanism with FS, addressing the treatment of sleep related functions in patients with IBS would be a promising venue. Thirdly, hypervigilance has been discussed as one possible pathophysiological mechanism in IBS.5 In this context, sleep studies using electroencephalogram techniques may be useful to reveal disturbed brain activity consistent with the hypothesis of hypervigilance/altered arousal mechanisms in IBS. Finally, it has been suggested that reports of night time awakenings due to gastrointestinal symptoms, mainly abdominal or epigastric pain, may be used as a discriminatory factor between organic and functional disorder.6

A review of the existing literature confirms that a large percentage of IBS patients report sleep disturbances.7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Despite this overwhelming evidence of …
The influence of commensal bacteria-derived signals on basophil-associated allergic inflammation
Authors: David A. Hill, David Artis
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Commensal bacteria that colonize mammalian mucosal surfaces are reported to influence T helper type 2 (TH 2) cytokine-dependent inflammation and susceptibility to allergic disease. However, the mechanisms that underlie these observations are only beginning to be understood. We recently utilized studies of murine model systems and atopic patient populations to elucidate a mechanism by which commensal bacteria-derived signals limit serum immunoglobulin E levels, influence basophil development and steady-state circulating basophil populations and regulate basophil-associated TH 2 cell responses and allergic inflammation. In this addendum, we summarize the findings of our recent work and other developments in the field, discuss the broader implications of these findings and generate new hypotheses regarding our understanding of host-commensal relationships. These areas of investigation may be applicable to the development of new preventative or therapeutic approaches to reduce the burden of allergic disease.
Metabolic Acidosis after Sulfur Ingestion
Authors: J. Eric Blum, Fredric L. Coe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Elemental sulfur is widely used as a folk remedy. Usually combined with a sweet syrup or molasses, it has internal uses that include intestinal "spring-cleaning," treatment for dyspnea and as a "tonic."1 Although of doubtful benefit, sulfur is generally held to be harmless. In the following case metabolic acidosis was apparently caused by sulfur.Case ReportA 57-year-old black woman was admitted to the hospital for lethargy and confusion of two days' duration. At home, she had complained of malaise and intermittent mild dyspnea. She consulted her mother, who advised sulfur. The patient began nibbling flowers of sulfur, USP (sublimed . . .
Free and Total Cortisol Levels as Predictors of Severity and Outcome in Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Mirjam Christ-Crain, Daiana Stolz, Sukhdeep Jutla, Orestes Couppis, Christian Müller, Roland Bingisser, Philipp Schuetz, Michael Tamm, Ray Edwards, Beat Müller, Ashley B. Grossman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: High cortisol levels are of prognostic value in sepsis. The predictive value of cortisol in pneumonia is unknown. Routinely available assays measure serum total cortisol (TC) and not free cortisol (FC). Whether FC concentrations better reflect outcome is uncertain.Objectives: To investigate the predictive value of TC and FC in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods: Preplanned subanalysis of a prospective intervention study in 278 patients presenting to the emergency department with CAP.Measurements and Main Results: TC, FC, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, leukocytes, clinical variables, and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) were measured. The major outcome measures were PSI and survival. TC and FC, but not C-reactive protein or leukocytes, increased with increasing severity of CAP according to the PSI (P < 0.001). TC and FC levels on presentation in patients who died during follow-up were significantly higher as compared with levels in survivors. In a receiver operating characteristic analysis to predict survival, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.81) for TC and 0.69 (0.63–0.74) for FC. This was similar to the AUC of the PSI (0.76 [0.70–0.81]), and better as compared with C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, or leukocytes. In univariate analysis, only TC, FC, and the PSI were predictors of death. In multivariate analysis, the predictive potential of TC equaled the prognostic power of PSI points.Conclusions: Cortisol levels are predictors of severity and outcome in CAP to a similar extent to the PSI, and are better than routinely measured laboratory parameters. In CAP, the prognostic accuracy of FC is not superior to TC.Clinical trial registered with www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN04176397).
Detection of experimental pulmonary emboli in dogs by sequential positron imaging after inhalation of 15O-carbon dioxide.
Authors: A B Nichols, S Cochavi, R H Moore, G A Beller
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

After inhalation, C15O2 (T1/2 = 2 minutes) rapidly diffuses into pulmonary blood and is cleared from the lungs within 10 seconds. The purpose of this study was to determine whether impaired clearance of inhaled C15O2 from oligemic zones, distal to areas of obstructed pulmonary blood flow, could be detected by serial pulmonary imaging with a positron camera. Experimental obstruction of branches of the pulmonary artery was induced in 19 anesthetized dogs by inflation of balloon-tipped catheters (8-12 mm in diameter), injection of radiopaque silicone spheres (0.5-4.0 mm), and embolization with barium-impregnated autologous blood clots (1-5 mm) via the right external jugular vein. After a single bolus injection of 2 mCi of C15O2 into the endotracheal tube, serial lung images of 15O activity were obtained over 60-180 seconds. Obstruction of pulmonary arterial branches resulted in visualization of discrete zones of impaired 15O clearance which varied in area with catheter diameter. Location and size of these zones were confirmed by repeat imaging after direct injection of 15O-labeled blood through the distal catheter lumen. In dogs receiving autologous clots (n = 8), similar zones of impaired 15O clearance were consistently imaged, and single emboli as small as 2 mm in diameter produced regions of retained 15O activity. Zones of retained 15O activity corresponded to the location of radiopaque emboli on chest radiographs. This study introduces a new technique of radionuclide imaging for detection of pulmonary emboli that is noninvasive, safe, sensitive, and repeatable at short intervals.
A Look at the Future
Authors: Joseph H. McNinch
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The chemical, biological, and radiological weapons of modern warfare are usually discussed together because they are "area weapons" capable of producing mass casualties, and because they may be considered, all or in part, medical weapons. Much progress has been made in perfecting physical protection against these weapons, but medical protection is much more important if it can be achieved. The problems of medical protection against biological weapons are not nearly as great as those of protection against chemical and radiological weapons, but progress is being made. To accelerate this progress, physicians of this country must participate actively in the research program because of the medical nature of the weapons and the importance of medical protection against them.
Critical Roles for Anterior Insula and Dorsal Striatum in Punishment-Based Avoidance Learning
Authors: Stefano Palminteri, Damian Justo, Céline Jauffret, Beth Pavlicek, Aurélie Dauta, Christine Delmaire, Virginie Czernecki, Carine Karachi, Laurent Capelle, Alexandra Durr, Mathias Pessiglione
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Relationship between Health Status and Use of Screening Mammography and Papanicolaou Smears among Women Older Than 70 Years of Age
Authors: Louise C. Walter, Karla Lindquist, Kenneth E. Covinsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Older women whose life expectancy is less than 5 years are unlikely to benefit from screening mammography or Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Since life expectancy is better predicted by health status than by age alone, guidelines recommend considering an older woman's general health when making screening decisions. Objective: To determine whether screening mammography and Pap smears are targeted to healthy older women and are avoided in women with limited life expectancies. Design: Cross-sectional population-based study. Setting: California. Patients: 4792 women 70 years of age or older who participated in the California Health Interview Survey between November 2000 and October 2001. Measurements: Predictor variables included age and health status. Health status was measured by using the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Physical Summary Scale. The main outcome was self-reported receipt of screening mammography within the previous 2 years and a screening Pap smear within 3 years. Results: Seventy-eight percent of women reported recent screening mammography, and 77% reported a recent Pap smear. Screening rates decreased with advancing age. However, within each age group, the percentage of women reporting screening did not significantly decrease with worsening health status (P > 0.1 for all comparisons). More than half of women 80 years of age or older in the worst health quartile reported recent screening, representing approximately 81 000 mammograms and 35 000 Pap smears. Limitations: This study relied on self-report, and the interview response rate was 63.7%. Conclusions: Rates of recent screening mammography and Pap smears are high among older women in California. Although screening rates drop with advancing age, women in poor health do not avoid screening. Screening should be better targeted to healthy older women and should be avoided in women with limited life expectancies for whom risks of screening outweigh potential benefits.
777-4 Relationship Between Fluoroscopy Duration, Ablation Target, and Success During Catheter Ablation Procedures
Authors: Hugh Calkins, Ronald Berger, Gordon Tomaselli, John Lawrence, Jay Dinerman, Robert Mittleman, Lawrence Klein, Eric Prystowsky, Paul Gillette, Patrick Yang, Atakr Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Increased susceptibility of natural killer T-cell-deficient mice to acetaminophen-induced liver injury
Authors: Brittany V. Martin-Murphy, Douglas J. Kominsky, David J. Orlicky, Terrence M. Donohue, Cynthia Ju
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe, fulminant liver injury. The underlying mechanism of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI), studied by a murine model, displays similar characteristics of injury as those observed in patients. Previous studies suggest that aside from APAP-induced direct damage to hepatocytes, the hepatic innate immune system is activated and may contribute to the overall pathogenesis of AILI. The current study employed the use of two murine natural killer (NK) cells with T-cell receptor (NKT) cell knockout models (CD1d(-/-) and Jα18(-/-) ) to elucidate the specific role of NKT cells in AILI. Compared to wild-type (WT) mice, NKT cell-deficient mice were more susceptible to AILI, as indicated by higher serum alanine transaminase levels and mortality. Increased levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expression and activities, which resulted in increased APAP protein adduct formation, were observed in livers of APAP-treated NKT cell-deficient mice, compared to WT mice. Compared to WT mice, starvation of NKT cell-deficient mice induced a higher increase of ketone bodies, which up-regulate CYP2E1 through protein stabilization.Our data revealed a novel role of NKT cells in regulating responses to starvation-induced metabolic stress. Elevated ketone body production in NKT cell-deficient mice resulted in increased CYP2E1-mediated APAP biotransformation and susceptibility to AILI.
Medicine, Science, and Society
Authors: Charles A. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>Medicine, Science, and Society</i>is a collection of ten symposia held in October 1982 to celebrate the 200th birthday of the Harvard Medical School. The goal of this program of scientific presentations was to illustrate the extraordinary progress occurring in academic medical science during the past two centuries. The subjects were thoughtfully selected and range from such general topics as "Modern Biology and the Nature of Man" and "Medicine and the Challenges of the Future," to such specific ones as "Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease," "Inflammation," "Immune Response," "Genetics," "Malignancy," "Hormones and Metabolism," "Biological Determinants of Behavior," and "Cellular Neurobiology." At each of these symposia, experts presented not only their work but an overview of the current state of knowledge. In more than one case, perhaps because of the occasion, scientists who usually limit their remarks to presenting only conclusions that the research justifies departed from their standard behavior and speculated
Prevention of Postsurgical Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: J. Peter Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ulnar paresthesia involving one or both hands or forearms, can be a rare but distressing and troublesome complication of major surgical procedures performed under general anesthesia on parts of the body other than the arms. Operations undertaken when the patient is in the face-down position (eg, lumbar laminectomy) are a particular source of this complication, but we have seen ulnar paresthesia of lengthy persistence following appendectomy, removal of a knee cartilage, repair of dislocation of the shoulder, and cholecystectomy. The causative factor appears to be compression of the ulnar groove of the elbow on the edge of an armboard or on an outrigging bar that runs along the edge of the operating table and is used for attachment of lateral supports such as those employed in operations upon the kidney. The arm is often held in place alongside the body by the lifting sheet used to transport
Selection on the Structural Stability of a Ribosomal RNA Expansion Segment in Daphnia obtusa
Authors: Seanna J. McTaggart, Teresa J. Crease
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The high rate of sequence divergence in nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) expansion segments offers a unique opportunity to study the importance of natural selection in their evolution. To this end, we polymerase chain reaction amplified and cloned a 589-nt fragment of the 18S rRNA gene containing expansion segments 43/e1 and 43/e4 from six individual Daphnia obtusa from four populations. We screened 2,588 clones using single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis and identified 103 unique haplotype sequences. We detected two pairs of indel sites in segment 43/e4 that complement each other when the secondary structure of the linear sequence is formed. Seven of the 12 observed combinations of length variants at these four sites (haplotypes) are shared between individuals from different populations, which may suggest that some of the length variation was present in their common ancestor. Haplotypes with uncompensated indels were only observed at low frequencies, while compensated indel haplotypes were found at a wide range of frequencies, supporting the hypothesis that the energetic stability of expansion segments is a trait under natural selection. In addition, there was strong linkage disequilibrium between the four complementary indel sites, particularly those that pair with one another in the secondary structure. Despite selection against unpaired bulges at these four indel sites, some nucleotides that form unpaired bulges are highly conserved in segment 43/e4, indicating that they are under a different selective constraint, possibly due to their role in higher level structural interactions.
Achalasia and Carcinoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Adam R. Wychulis
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A total of 1,318 patients first treated for esophageal achalasia from 1935 to 1967 at the Mayo Clinic were observed an average of 13 years per patient. Carcinoma developed in seven of these patients, an incidence of 41 cases per year per 100,000. An additional six patients with achalasia and carcinoma of the esophagus had their initial treatment for achalasia either before 1935 or elsewhere than the Mayo Clinic. Achalasia had been present an average of 28 years prior to the diagnosis of carcinoma. The appearance of symptoms suggesting the possibility of esophageal malignancy occurred from two weeks to four years prior to diagnosis. Malignant tumors arose at all levels of the esophagus, and the majority were squamous cell carcinomas. Although surgical exploration was carried out in seven instances, there was only one survivor without evidence of tumor.
Stimulation with 4-1BB (CD137) inhibits chronic graft-versus-host disease by inducing activation-induced cell death of donor CD4+ T cells
Authors: Juyang Kim, Woon S. Choi, Soojin La, Jae-Hee Suh, Byoung-Sam Kim, Hong R. Cho, Byoung S. Kwon, Byungsuk Kwon
Journal: Blood (2004)
Two False-Negative Results Using Morphine Sulfate in Hepatobiliary Imaging
Authors: JOAN M. MACK, JAMES D. SLAVIN, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Morphine sulfate has been used in hepatobillary imaging to cause contraction of the sphincter of Oddi, thereby increasing pressure in the biliary tree. If the cystic duct is patent, the increased pressure usually causes bile to flow into the cystic duct with filling of the gallbladder. Using this technique, the authors have encountered two false-negative cases. Both patients received 0.04 mg/kg of morphine sulfate intravenously, 40 minutes after the intravenous administration of 5 mCi of technetium 99m-DISIDA. Although both patients filled their gallbladders within 1 hour, they both underwent surgical exploration because of high clinical suspicion of acute cholecystitis. Both were found to have acute cholecystitis.
Acute intrapartum obstetric emergency
Authors: S. R Sheehan, H. M McMillan, D. J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A 30 year old primigravida was admitted in spontaneous labour at term. Vaginal bleeding was seen after spontaneous rupture of the membranes, and shortly afterwards a profound fetal bradycardia was recorded on cardiotocography. A “crash” emergency caesarean section was performed with delivery of a live male infant in good condition, weighing 3620 g. Apgar scores were 9 at one minute and 10 at five minutes with normal paired cord blood samples. Figure 1⇓ shows the placenta after delivery. Fig 1 Image of the placenta after delivery ### Short answers
Dynamics of Neutrophil Migration in Lymph Nodes during Infection
Authors: Tatyana Chtanova, Marie Schaeffer, Seong-Ji Han, Giel G. van Dooren, Marcelo Nollmann, Paul Herzmark, Shiao Wei Chan, Harshita Satija, Kristin Camfield, Holly Aaron, Boris Striepen, Ellen A. Robey
Journal: Immunity (2008)
391 PRE-CLINICAL PROOF-OF-CONCEPT STUDIES EXPLORING SCHEDULES OF ADMINISTRATION OF AN ADENOVIRUS- BASED HBV IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC SHOW WIDE POTENTIAL FOR INDUCTION OF ROBUST AND LONG-LASTING T-CELL RESPONSES
Authors: H. Boukhebza, C. Dubois, Y. Schlesinger, V. Koerper, R. Brandely, M. Geist, T. Menguy, N. Silvestre, R. Schirmbeck, G. Inchauspé, P. Martin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Capture of Elusive Cystic Fibrosis Gene Prompts New Approaches to Treatment
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE MOST EXHAUSTIVE gene hunt in the history of molecular medicine came to an end September 8 with the publication of the identity of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene (<i>Science</i>. 1989; 245:1059-1080). The isolation of the gene brought not only knowledge of the function of the protein for which it codes, but an indication of promising new avenues to therapy. "These are exciting times," says Robert Beall, PhD, executive vice president of the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation. Francis Collins, MD, of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and Lap-Chee Tsui, MD, and Michael Riordan, MD, of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and colleagues identified the gene as a fragment of DNA 250 000 base-pairs long near the center of the long arm of chromosome 7. The gene codes for a protein comprising 1480 amino acids, which has been dubbed the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The