tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observer Interpretation of Electrocardiograms
Authors: Frederick H. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Electrocardiograms taken on 451 young soldiers during a nutrition survey were read independently by 5 different observers. Seventeen records were considered "abnormal" by one or more observers; there was good agreement on 6 of the most marked abnormalities, but lesser deviations from normality among the 11 remaining tracings led to rather wide differences in opinion. The same 17 tracings were reinterpreted by each observer without knowledge of his earlier diagnosis; there were between 2 and 9 reclassifications, according to observer. Thirty-four tracings designated as "borderline" by one or more readers presented further variations in interpretation. All observers agreed, however, on the normality of the remaining 400 records. Observer variation would be reduced if reports on electrocardiograms were made primarily in terms of objective description rather than diagnostic interpretation.
Patients' actual care pathways often differ markedly from doctors' perceptions
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Seeing care through the eyes of patients is demanding and sometimes demoralising to clinicians, a conference at the King’s Fund in London on 6 November heard. 

The clinician’s idealised view of the patient’s care pathway had little in common with the actual experience of patients, especially those with a chronic illness, whose pathway typically involved occasional brief encounters with clinicians separated by many days and weeks, speakers said.

Even acute interventions that cured a patient’s illness could consist of more sandwich than filling. At Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool, the doctors Joanne Minford and Julie Grice looked at the care received by children with abdominal pain.

“We’d been quite complacent,” Minford admitted. “We believed we always put the child first.” But observation of actual patients showed that waits were long, care was inconsistent, diagnoses were delayed, and many admissions were unnecessary.

One patient was shadowed from her arrival at Alder Hey, after a GP appointment first thing in the morning and a referral to a district general hospital. She was finally …
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adolescents: experiences in 378 adolescent NHL patients treated according to pediatric NHL-BFM protocols
Authors: B Burkhardt, I Oschlies, W Klapper, M Zimmermann, W Woessmann, A Meinhardt, E Landmann, A Attarbaschi, F Niggli, M Schrappe, A Reiter
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Radioimmunolocation of metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon: Using a hepatoma antibody
Authors: Chaitanya R. Divgi, Alfred M. Cohen
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

We have established a large library of monoclonal antibodies against a human hepatoma cell line called FOCUS. One such monoclonal antibody (SF–25) detects a 125–kilodalton cell surface antigen found on FOCUS cells. As both the liver and the colon are of endodermal origin, we examined the possibility of expression in colon adenocarcinomas. This antigen was found in all 23 colon adenocarcinoma tissues surgically obtained but was absent in the adjacent normal mucosal counterpart as determined by a direct radioimmunohistologic technique. In the present study, we have established a model for human metastatic colon adenocarcinoma using the LS 180 cell line. Athymic mice were further immunosuppressed by intravenous injection of anti–NK cell antibodies (antiasialo GM1). After 24 h, mice were injected with LS 180 cells either via the tail vein or into the spleen followed by splenectomy. Macroscopic pulmonary and lymphatic metastasis developed within 2–3 wk after injection of cells and 9 of 10 mice died with advanced metastatic disease 2–3 wk later. In addition, macroscopic hepatic metastases were evident in 4 of 5 mice 3–4 wk after intrasplenic injection. Both hepatic as well as pulmonary and lymphatic tumor spread was localized by nuclear imaging with 125 I–SF–25. Furthermore, micrometastases were detected by autoradiography 5–10 days later. Monoclonal antibody SF–25 is a potential candidate for tumor localization and the experimental metastatic colon cancer animal model may be useful for treatment evaluation of monoclonal antibody SF–25 either alone or in combination with other monoclonal antibodies when conjugated to radionucleotides and chemotherapeutic agents.
Variability in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in peripheral lymphocytes from control individuals.
Authors: D Anderson, A J Francis, P Godbert, P C Jenkinson, K R Butterworth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Confidence in results from monitoring genetic end points in environmentally or occupationally exposed individuals can be improved with knowledge of the normal variability of changes in genetic end points in the general population. Confounding effects can be determined, and study interpretation can be improved by correlation of this variability with various lifestyle factors such as sex and age, smoking and drinking habits, viral infections, exposure to diagnostic X-rays, etc. Eight blood samples were taken from each of 24 male and 24 female volunteers over a period of 2 years. Questionnaires pertaining to lifestyle were completed at the time of each sampling. Whole blood was cultured and slides prepared for chromosome aberration (CA) or sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis. Separated mononuclear cells were cultured with a range of phytohemagglutinin concentrations, and the maximum level of mitogen-induced blastogenesis was determined by measurement of [3H]thymidine uptake. There was a significant effect of both year and season of sampling for all three end points. Because there was no consistent pattern in 2 successive years, effects were thought to be independent of season. No significant effects in any of the three end points were found with respect to sex or age nor any of the other lifestyle factors, although SCE frequency and mitogen-induced blastogenesis were nearly always higher in females than in males. These results point to the need for concurrent sampling of controls with exposed populations.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Follicular Lymphoma: A Cross Talk of Genetic and Immunologic Factors
Authors: Daphne de Jong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the second most frequent type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults. The disease is characterized by an indolent course with frequent relapses. Ultimately, resistance to chemotherapy or transformation to a more aggressive phase of the disease in the form of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma develops, and patients die as a result of their disease. Median survival is 8 to 10 years. The range is very wide, however, with patients surviving for more than 15 years and 10% to 15% of the patients who run a rapidly fatal course and die within 3 years after diagnosis. The translocation t(14;18) is the basic molecular defect in FL and results in protection from apoptosis by aberrant overexpression of bcl-2 protein. Accumulation of genomic alterations and clonal selection account for subsequent progression and transformation. Recently, the role of the immunologic microenvironment of FL in determining clinical behavior and prognosis has been substantiated. Combined genetic and immunologic data may now support a model for the development of FL as a disease of functional B cells in which specific molecular alterations infer intrinsic growth properties of the tumor cells as well as dictate a specific functional cross talk with the immunologic regulatory network resulting in extrinsic growth support. These insights may lead to improvement of risk stratification, but most importantly will provide tools for developing new targets and strategies for treatment.
Whose Life is it Anyway?
Authors: Sum Yee Chan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Directed by Peter Hall Starring Kim Cattrall The Comedy Theatre, London, until 30 April www.theambassadors.com/comedy/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> O ne of the questions that Claire Harrison, the central character of this play, asks of her doctors is “What is the point of giving me back my consciousness if I cannot use it?” Harrison, played by Kim Cattrall, is a sculptor who is left quadriplegic following a road crash. She uses her wit and intelligence to deal with her situation, sometimes engaging in sexual banter with hospital staff, sometimes opting for more emotional soul searching. Her life has been saved through the hard work of one Dr Emerson, but her … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Abstract 1686: Effect of echistatin on proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of integrin αvβ3-expressing human osteosarcoma
Authors: Yasunori Tome, Hiroaki Kimura, Naotoshi Sugimoto, Hiroki Maehara, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya, Fuminori Kanaya, Michael Bouvet, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Expression of integrin αvβ3 has been shown to be associated with tumor progression and metastasis in several types of cancer. To investigate the specific role of integrin αvβ3 expression in human osteosarcoma, we compared integrin αvβ3 expression in a series of osteosarcoma cell sublines (143B parental and LM1-LM4) with increasing metastatic potential. We quantified integrin αvβ3 expression using RT-PCR and Western-blotting. Integrin αvβ3 expression correlated with the metastatic potential of the cells, with the LM4 cells showing the highest expression and highest metastatic capability. LM4 in vitro cell proliferation decreased after treatment with echistatin, which is an antagonist of integrin αvβ3. In vitro migration and invasion of LM4 were also inhibited by echistatin. Tumor-induced angiogenesis by LM4 in the chick chorioallantoic membrane was also inhibited by echistatin. These data indicated that integrin αvβ3 overexpression may play a role in metastasis and that echistatin has potential as an inhibitor of cancer cell migration and invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1686. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1686
Better estrogen receptor assay in the offing
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Identification of estrogen-dependent breast cancers soon should be faster and easier, thanks to a new assay now being developed by University of Chicago investigators Elwood V. Jensen, PhD, and Geoffrey L. Greene, PhD. Jensen, who is Charles B. Huggins Professor and director of the Ben May Laboratory, as well as professor of biophysics and theoretical biology and of pharmacologic and physiological sciences, recently was awarded the $100,000 1980 Kettering Prize for demonstrating the correlation between estrogen dependency of breast cancers and response of the patient to endocrine therapy. Jensen also developed the first estrogen receptor assay. That assay and its offspring, while extremely useful, remain complicated and expensive. Because they necessitate the use of an ultracentrifuge, they can be performed only at large centers. Breast tissue excised at mastectomy is now routinely shipped to such centers, where radioactively labeled estrogen is used as a marker for the estrogen receptors the
Tricuspid atresia: Experience in surgical management with a modified cavopulmonary anastomosis
Authors: G. Azzolina, S. Eufrate, P. Pensa
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A limited experience with an initial series of nine patients operated upon for tricuspid atresia using a modified superior vena cava to right pulmonary artery anastomosis is presented. The modified technique is described and illustrated. It avoids permanent disruption of pulmonary artery continuity and the high incidence of superior vena cava syndrome. In short, the right pulmonary artery is not severed, the azygos vein is always ligated, the superior vena cava is not mass ligated and is subjected to delayed interruption. Analysis of the results shows an operative and overall mortality of 33%. The advantages of this modified surgical approach are outlined.
Distribution of Porfiromycin in EMT6 Solid Tumors and Normal Tissues of BALB/c Mice
Authors: S. R. Keyes, S. Rockwell, K. A. Kennedy, A. C. Sartorelli
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

The distribution of porfiromycin was studied in BALB/c mice bearing EMT6 mammary tumors. The levels of 3H in blood and most tissues peaked approximately 15 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of [3H]porfiromycin. The levels of radioactivity present in most of the tissues and in the tumors were similar at 4 hours and 24 hours after administration. Most of the normal tissues showed uniform, low grain densities when analyzed by autoradiography; the liver and the small intestine had the highest labeling densities. Only kidney, bladder, and tumor showed differential distributions of grains from [3H]porfiromycin. In the kidney, higher grain counts were found in cortex than in medullary regions; grains were uniformly distributed within each region. In the bladder, the highest labeling densities were found in regions near the lumen. Tumor regions that had some necrotic features or regions of necrosis that included some viable cells showed higher labeling intensities than healthy-looking tumor regions, probably because the abnormal microenvironments in these regions led to increased rates of activation of porfiromycin to electrophilic species. These findings show that porfiromycin can reach and be activated in tumor regions containing cells resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents and to x rays. The results also support the concept that agents such as porfiromycin can target cells in specific microenvironmental subpopulations of solid tumors.
Glycemic Actions of Alanine and Terbutaline in IDDM
Authors: Brian V Wiethop, Philip E Cryer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the amino acid Ala and the beta 2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline raise plasma glucose concentrations substantially, and do so through different mechanisms, in IDDM patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We administered these (Ala: 20 and 40 g, orally; terbutaline: 2.5 and 5.0 mg orally and 0.25 mg subcutaneously) and placebos in random sequence to 6 nondiabetic subjects and 6 insulin-infused, initially euglycemic IDDM patients, each studied on six different occasions. Inhaled terbutaline, 0.4 mg, was also tested on a seventh occasion in IDDM patients. RESULTS Ala administration raised plasma glucagon (P = 0.0219), C-peptide (P = 0.0014), and insulin (P = 0.0094), with no significant change in plasma glucose, in nondiabetic subjects. In patients with IDDM it raised glucagon (P = 0.0001), but not C-peptide or insulin, and plasma glucose rose to 8.3 ± 0.3 (Ala 20 g, P = 0.0006) and 10.0 ± 1.0 mM (Ala 40 g, P = 0.0094). Catecholamine levels were unchanged. Terbutaline ingestion raised plasma glucose minimally (e.g., to 6.3 ± 0.3 mM, P = 0.0133) in nondiabetic subjects but substantially, to 10.2 ± 1.0 (terbutaline 2.5 mg, P = 0.0078) and 14.0 ± 0.6 mM (terbutaline 5.0 mg, P = 0.0001), in IDDM patients; subcutaneous terbutaline raised plasma glucose (to a peak of 10.3 ± 0.7 mM, P = 0.0017) with an initial effect within 10 min, but inhaled terbutaline did so more slowly. In addition to its direct glycemic actions, terbutaline stimulated sympathetic neural norepinephrine release (P = 0.0151) and increased nonesterified fatty acid levels (P = 0.0104), potential indirect glycemic actions. Glucagon levels were unchanged; insulin levels increased in the nondiabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate substantial glycemic responses to Ala and terbutaline, through different mechanisms, in IDDM patients. Thus, Ala and terbutaline represent potential new approaches to the treatment, and perhaps the prevention, of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in IDDM.
Comparative In Vitro Activity of Trovafloxacin Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates from Argentina
Authors: A Sucari, D Stepanik, JM Casellas, G Tom??, L Clara, M Mar??n, A Rossi, M Galas, J Smayevsky, L Dufranc, H Lorenzo, L de Vedia, H L??pez
Journal: Drugs (1999)
ORIGINAL ARTICLES. ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE HEATING AND VENTILATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS.Read in the Section of State Medicine, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: R. HARVEY REED
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Member Committee of School Hygiene of the Section of State Medicine, American Medical Association; Member American Public Health Association; British Medical Association; National Association of Railroad Surgeons; Ohio State Medical Society; President North Cenral Ohio Medical Society; Health Officer, Mansfield, 0.; Surgeon Baltimore and Ohio R. R.; Honorary Member D. Hayes Agnew Surgical Society, Phila.; Texas State Medical and State Sanitary Association, etc. At the meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Newport, R. I., two years ago, a special committee was appointed by the Section of State Medicine on "school hygiene," consisting of Dr. D. F. Lincoln, Geneva, N. Y.; Dr. J. A. Schenck, Topeka, Kan.; Dr. Geo. H, Rohé, Baltimore, Md.; Dr. J. G. Pinkham, Lynn, Mass.; and the author. After some correspondence, it was decided to divide the work of this committee, and as a result, I was assigned the "original investigations on the heating and
Oral Rehydration Therapy of Infantile Diarrhea
Authors: Mathuram Santosham, Robert S. Daum, Ludwig Dillman, Jose L. Rodriguez, Sarah Luque, Rebecca Russell, Miguel Kourany, Robert W. Ryder, Alfred V. Bartlett, Allan Rosenberg, Abram S. Benenson, R. Bradley Sack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Although oral glucose-electrolyte solutions containing 90 mmol of sodium per liter have been widely used in the treatment of acute diarrhea among under-nourished children in the developing world, they have rarely been studied in well-nourished children. We therefore conducted a controlled randomized study among well-nourished children three months to two years who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea (52 in the United States, and 94 in Panama), to compare the efficacy of this solution with that of one containing 50 mmol of sodium per liter and with standard intravenous therapy. Oral rehydration with both solutions according to protocol was successful in 97 of 98 children (one required unscheduled intravenous therapy), and in 87 (89 per cent) no intravenous therapy was required. All of six children admitted with hypernatremia were successfully treated with oral therapy alone. We conclude that glucose-electrolyte oral solutions containing either 50 or 90 mmol of sodium per liter are effective and safe in the treatment of well-nourished children hospitalized with acute diarrhea, and that they may completely replace the intravenous fluids in the majority of such children.
The peripheral blood features of acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22)
Authors: Sree Sreedhara, Jacob Grinfeld, Barbara J Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

It is usually possible to strongly suspect a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) from the characteristic bone marrow morphology. However it may also be possible to identify distinctive features on careful blood film examination. The findings are those of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia.1 Although most eosinophils show only minor dysplastic changes, such as cytoplasmic vacuolation and reduction of granules, there may also be some eosinophils and precursors with proeosinophilic granules, sometimes large. In addition, neutrophils are dysplastic. These images are from the blood film of a 48-year-old Somalian woman with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia. Her blood count showed: WBC 74.9 × 109/l, hemoglobin concentration 102 g/l and platelet count 46 × 109/l. The cytological abnormalities were typical of this condition. The majority of eosinophils showed mildly dysplastic features, such as the vacuolation seen in the upper cell in the top left image. A minority were more abnormal, being very small or showing a lack of nuclear lobulation or the presence of proeosinophilic granules (as seen in the lower cell in the top left image). In addition there were immature monocytes and promonocytes (both shown in top right image), monoblasts and myeloblasts. All neutrophils were very hypogranular with abnormally shaped nuclei (bottom left), often with rounded nuclear lobes, although classical Pelger-Huët forms were not seen. The most distinctive features, however, were in the small number of circulating eosinophil precursors. Some of these had both mature eosinophilic granules and abnormally large, dark purple proeosinophilic granules (bottom centre); this cell is virtually pathognomonic for this cytogenetic abnormality. Other eosinophil precursors had proeosinophilic granules only (bottom right). Recognition of the typical feature of acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) is important in ensuring that appropriate investigations are performed. Usually the relevant abnormality is detected on cytogenetic analysis but, if not, fluorescence in situ hybridization is required.
Neuroprotective effect of Curcumin involved in increasing the protein levels of UCP2 and inhibiting oxidative stress induced by chronic cerebral ischemia in vitro
Authors: Minna Gao, Li Liu, Peng Zhang, Gang Yu, Yu Li
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Chronic cerebral ischemia is caused by the long-term cerebral hypoperfusion, it is a common pathological process that usually occurs in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Oxidative stress plays an important role in nerve cell damage, UCP2 (The uncoupling protein 2) is one member of UCPs, which are a family of mitochondrial anion-carrier proteins and plays an important role in inhibiting oxidative stress. This study aims to observe the antioxidation of Curcumin on chronic cerebral ischemia established by PC12 ischemic cell models and investigate the changes of UCP2 during chronic ischemic PC12 cell.
The atropine factor in pharmacologic stress echocardiography
Authors: Alessandro Pingitore, Eugenio Picano, Massimo Quarta Colosso, Barbara Reisenhofer, Guido Gigli, Alessandra R. Lucarini, Nunzia Petix, Mario Previtali, Riccardo Bigi, Giacomo Chiaranda, Giovanni Minardi, Monica De Alcantara, Jorge Lowenstein, Maria Grazia Sclavo, Cataldo Palmieri, Alfonso Galati, Gianni Seveso, Joanna Heyman, Wilson Mathias, Franco Casazza, Rosa Sicari, Mauro Raciti, Patrizia Landi, Mario Marzilli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)