tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
814 OLDER AGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN IMPAIRED RESPONSE TO COMBINATION PEGYLATED INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN A CASE CONTROL STUDY
Authors: M. Puoti, E. Minola, M.G. Antonini, O. Fracassetti, C. Baiguera, V. Ravasio, D. Manno, M. Airoldi, M. Mendeni, L. Biasi, F. Suter, G. Carosi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
In Search of the Uniquely Human
Authors: Michael Tomasello, Malinda Carpenter, Josep Call, Tanya Behne, Henrike Moll
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

As Bruner so eloquently points out, and Gauvain echoes, human beings are unique in their “locality.” Individual groups of humans develop their own unique ways of symbolizing and doing things – and these can be very different from the ways of other groups, even those living quite nearby. Our attempt in the target article was to propose a theory of the social-cognitive and social-motivational bases of humans' ability and propensity to live in this local, that is, this cultural, way – which no other species does – focusing on such things as the ability to collaborate and to create shared material and symbolic artifacts.
Disease and Social Diversity: The European Impact on the Health of Non-Europeans
Authors: D J P Barker
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Stephen J Kunitz Oxford University Press, £37.50, pp 209 ISBN 0-19-508530-2

Australian Aborigines have higher rates of coronary heart disease than white people. American Indians have lower rates than white Americans. These differences cannot be explained by coronary risk factors that are linked to adult lifestyle, and to attribute them to unknown genes is simply to pre-empt further discussion.

Diseases, Stephen Kunitz maintains, rarely act as independent forces, as dei ex machina whose consequences are everywhere the same. Rather their expression in populations is moulded by social organisation and by cultural values and economics. A simple example is the varying prevalence of sterility due …
Hepatitis B Virus Status of Southern African Blacks With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison Between Rural and Urban Patients
Authors: Michael C. Kew, Elizabeth Rossouw, John Hodkinson, Alan Paterson, Geoffrey M. Dusheiko, Whitcutt J. Michael
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is less common and occurs at a much older age in urban than in rural southern African Blacks. These differences may reflect differences in the etiology of the tumor in the two populations. The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of 150 HCC patients who were born and had lived all their lives in a rural environment with 158 patients who were born and brought up in a rural setting but then became urbanized. HBsAg and all markers of present or past HBV infection [HBsAg(+) or anti–HBc(+) or anti–HBs] were significantly less common in the urban patients when the two groups were considered as a whole (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). However, because the rural patients were considerably younger (mean age 34.7 years; 66% less than 40 years of age) than the urban patients [mean age 50.9 years (p &lt; 0.0005), 19.0% less than 40 years of age (p &lt; 0.001)], an age–related analysis was performed. No significant difference in any HBV marker was found between rural and urban patients. The association between active HBV infection and HCC was similar in young patients, both rural and urban, and the prevalence of HBs antigenemia decreased in both groups with increasing age. We conclude that the differences in incidence and age of onset of HCC in rural and urban southern African Blacks cannot be attributable to differences in HBV status.
Penetration of cefaclor into bronchial mucosa.
Authors: G E Marlin, A J Nicholls, G R Funnell, R Bradbury
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained during fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 30 patients receiving a new oral cephalosporin antibiotic, cefaclor (10 had 250 mg, 10 had 500 mg, and 10 had 1000 mg every eight hours). In 10 patients (from all dosage groups) cefaclor was undetectable in the bronchial mucosa but in every case the serum concentration was low, suggesting incomplete absorption. The mean (SD) bronchial mucosal concentration after 250 mg was 3.78 (1.77) micrograms/g (range 2.1-5.8 micrograms/g, n = 4), after 500 mg 4.43 (2.04) micrograms/g (range 2.0-7.1 micrograms/g, n = 8), and after 1000 mg 7.73 (2.76) micrograms/g (range 5.0-12.7 micrograms/g, n = 6). A significantly higher concentration in the bronchial mucosa was achieved with 1000 mg than with 250 mg (p less than 0.05) or 500 mg (p less than 0.025). These concentrations should be effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae, most strains being inhibited below 1.0 microgram/ml. The concentrations were within one dilution of the minimal inhibitory concentration for Haemophilus influenzae, most strains being inhibited below 4.0 micrograms/ml. Some strains of H influenzae will not be inhibited by the concentrations of cefaclor found in the bronchial mucosa, particularly those that are ampicillin resistant.
AUTOPHAGIC MYOCARDIAL DEGENERATION AND CLINICAL IMPLICATION IN OBESITY CARDIOMYOPATHY AS AN APPROPRIATE MODEL OF LOAD-INDUCED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Tsunenori Saito, Kuniya Asai, Hitoshi Takano, Hiroshi Takahashi, Gen Takagi, Shigeru Sato, Yuh Fukuda, Kyoichi Mizuno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Thottuvai Ramaiyer (“Srini”) Srinivasan
Authors: Graham Mulley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

of medicine at Oxford, Emory, Yale, and Washington, who discovered the pathology of fever in infections and advocated death with dignity At the height of the brain drain, when Britain was haemorrhaging researchers to the United States, Paul Beeson left a chair of medicine at Yale to become Nuffield professor of medicine at Oxford.He reformed the curriculum, edited two textbooks and the Oxford Companion to Medicine, and laid the foundations for Oxford's pre-eminence in infectious diseases.He was awarded an honorary KBE.Beeson inspired generations of students with his concern for patients.He showed that hepatitis could be transmitted by blood transfusion, and brought new insights into the causes of high persistent fevers.He also discovered the cytokine interleukin-1.During the second world war he was one of the volunteer US doctors who staffed Harvard Hospital in Salisbury.He was professor of medicine at three US universities: Emory, Yale, and Washington.Although he started as a conservative who intended to follow a career in private practice, he ended as a liberal concerned with the uninsured and old, medical ethics, and the medical consequences of nuclear warfare.Professor John Stein of Oxford University told the BMJ, "Paul Beeson was a wonderful clinician, and incredibly kind to young people like me."Paul Beeson was born in rural Montana, United States, and brought up in Anchorage, Alaska, where
Early use of double-guidewire technique to facilitate selective bile duct cannulation: the multicenter randomized controlled EDUCATION trial
Authors: Naoki Sasahira, Hiroshi Kawakami, Hiroyuki Isayama, Rie Uchino, Yousuke Nakai, Yukiko Ito, Saburo Matsubara, Hirotoshi Ishiwatari, Minoru Uebayashi, Hiroshi Yagioka, Osamu Togawa, Nobuo Toda, Naoya Sakamoto, Junji Kato, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>There are no guidelines for the timing of conversion from a single-guidewire to a double-guidewire technique to facilitate selective bile duct cannulation and reduce post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP), when using wire-guided cannulation. We investigated whether early conversion to the double-guidewire method, at first unintentional insertion of a guidewire into the pancreatic duct, facilitated selective bile duct cannulation and reduced PEP compared with repeated single-guidewire attempts. <b>Patients and methods: </b>A multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial included 274 patients with a naive papilla, undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) using wire-guided cannulation in whom there was unintentional insertion of the guidewire into the pancreatic duct. With the guidewire still in the duct, patients were randomly assigned to undergo the double-guidewire technique or repeated single-wire cannulation. Main outcomes were success rates for selective bile duct cannulation and PEP frequency. <b>Results: </b>Success rates for selective bile duct cannulation within 10 attempts and 10 minutes were 75 % and 70 %, respectively, for the early double-guidewire (EDG) and repeated single-guidewire (RSG) cannulation groups (relative rate 1.07, 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI] 0.93 – 1.24, <i>P</i> = 0.42). Corresponding final selective bile duct cannulation rates were 98 % and 97 % (relative rate 1.01, 95 %CI 0.97 – 1.05, <i>P</i> = 1.00). PEP rates were 20 % and 17 %, respectively, for the EDG and RSG cannulation groups (relative risk 1.17, 95 %CI 0.71 – 1.94, <i>P</i> = 0.53). Double-guidewire cannulation was more effective in patients with malignant biliary stricture (relative rate 1.36, 95 %CI 1.05 – 1.77, <i>P</i> = 0.02). <b>Conclusions: </b>During therapeutic ERC using wire-guided cannulation, converting to a double-guidewire technique neither facilitated selective bile duct cannulation nor decreased PEP incidence compared with repeated use of a single-wire technique.
Combination Therapy with HSP90 Inhibitor 17-DMAG Reconditions the Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Recruitment of Therapeutic T cells
Authors: Aparna Rao, Jennifer L. Taylor, Nina Chi-Sabins, Mayumi Kawabe, William E. Gooding, Walter J. Storkus
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Ineffective recognition of tumor cells by CD8+ T cells is a limitation of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, treatment regimens that coordinately promote enhanced antitumor CD8+ T-cell activation, delivery, and target cell recognition should yield greater clinical benefit. Using an MCA205 sarcoma model, we show that in vitro treatment of tumor cells with the HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG results in the transient (proteasome-dependent) degradation of the HSP90 client protein EphA2 and the subsequent increased recognition of tumor cells by Type-1 anti-EphA2 CD8+ T cells. In vivo administration of 17-DMAG to tumor-bearing mice led to slowed tumor growth, enhanced/prolonged recognition of tumor cells by anti-EphA2 CD8+ T cells, reduced levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and activation of tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells in association with elevated levels of Type-1 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. When combined with EphA2-specific active vaccination or the adoptive transfer of EphA2-specific CD8+ T cells, 17-DMAG cotreatment yielded a superior tumor therapeutic regimen that was capable of rendering animals free of disease. Taken together, our findings indicate that 17-DMAG functions as an immune adjuvant in the context of vaccines targeting EphA2.
The Differential Regulation of Lck Kinase Phosphorylation Sites by CD45 Is Critical for T Cell Receptor Signaling Responses
Authors: Louise McNeill, Robert J. Salmond, Joanne C. Cooper, Céline K. Carret, Robin L. Cassady-Cain, Marta Roche-Molina, Panna Tandon, Nick Holmes, Denis R. Alexander
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Angiotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: A A Geisterfer, M J Peach, G K Owens
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

We have explored the hypothesis that contractile agonists are important regulators of smooth muscle cell growth by examining the effects of one potent contractile agonist, angiotensin II (AII), on both cell proliferation and cellular hypertrophy. AII neither stimulated proliferation of cells made quiescent in a defined serum-free media nor augmented cell proliferation induced by serum or platelet-derived growth factor. However, AII did induce cellular hypertrophy of postconfluent quiescent cultures following 4 days of treatment, increasing smooth muscle cell protein content by 20% as compared with vehicle-treated controls. AII-induced hypertrophy was maximal at 1 microM, had an ED50 of 5 nM, and was blocked by the specific AII receptor antagonist Sar1,Ile8 AII. The cellular hypertrophy was due to an increase in protein synthesis, which was elevated within 6-9 hours following AII treatment, while no changes in protein degradation were apparent. AII was even more effective in inducing hypertrophy of subconfluent cultures, causing a 38% increase in protein content after 4 days of treatment (1 microM) and showing a maximal response at concentrations as low as 0.1 nM. Interestingly, in subconfluent cultures, AII treatment (1 microM, 4 days) was associated with a 50% increase in the fraction of cells with 4C DNA content with the virtual absence of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle, consistent with either arrest of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle or development of tetraploidy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 1552: Isothiocyanates suppress human lung cancer cells metastasis
Authors: Huiqin Yan, Yu Zhu, Xiang Wu, Boning Liu, Ying Li, Yunde Liu, Qinghua Zhou, Ke Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive cancer types, and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Metastasis is of great importance to the clinical management of cancer since it causes 90% of deaths from solid tumours. Therefore the development of novel anti-metastasis drugs becomes one of the most active fields in cancer research. Isothiocyanates are natural compounds found in consumable cruciferous vegetables. They have been shown to have the ability to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis by a wide variety of chemical carcinogens in animal models, inhibiting tumorigenesis in the lung, stomach, colon, liver, etc. Recent studies have also shown that isothiocyanates have antitumor activity, inhibiting several types of cultured human cancer cells growth, such as leukemia, prostate cancer and breast cancer. Our previous study also showed that isothiocyanates inhibit human lung cancer A549 cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of isothiocyanates on human lung cancer cell metastasis. We established a high-metastatic human large cell lung cancer cell line L9981, and found that both benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) inhibited L9981 cells growth in a dose-dependent manner, the IC50 values were 5.0±0.22 μM and 9.7±0.39 μM, respectively. Apoptosis was induced at 20 μM after 24 h. Transwell migration assay showed that the metastatic abilities of L9981 cells were suppressed by 96%, and metastasis-correlated genes were modulated. Cell cycle was arrested at G2/M phase. BITC and PEITC treatment resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and severe glutathione (GSH) depletion. Akt activation was diminished. At transcription level, both nuclear transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 activities were suppressed. NFκB activities were reduced to 28.8% and 68.5% by BITC and PEITC, respectively; AP-1 activities were reduced to 17.8% and 80.9% by BITC and PEITC, respectively. Our results showed that BITC and PEITC suppress human lung cancer cells metastasis by induction of apoptosis, modulation of metastasis correlated gene expression, and induction of oxidative stress. This study indicates the potential use of isothiocyanates in treatment of advanced lung cancer. The signal transduction pathways and validation of cellular therapeutic targets of these isothiocyanates are under investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1552.
Studies of Chronic Liver Disease in Narcotic Addicts.
Authors: Charles E. Cherubin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Studies of Chronic Liver Disease in Narcotic Addicts.Charles E. Cherubin, M.D., F.A.C.P., William Rosenthal, M.D., F.A.C.P., Richard Stenger, M.D., Alfred Prince, M.D., Thomas McGinn, M.D., Michael Baden, M.D., Seth Kane, B.S., Daniel Weinberger, B.S., Robert Strauss, B.S.Charles E. Cherubin, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, William Rosenthal, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Richard Stenger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Alfred Prince, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas McGinn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Michael Baden, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Seth Kane, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Daniel Weinberger, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Robert Strauss, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-833_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo examine the problems of chronic liver disease in narcotics users, liver sections of consecutive addicts who were autopsied at the Medical Examiner's Office (none died of liver disease) were studied in comparison with age-matched controls. In addition, exdrug-users in a rehabilitation program were followed. Serum hepatitis/Australia antigen determinations were performed on all subjects and patients in the study. The autopsy liver sections were reviewed by two experienced readers without knowledge of the subjects' histories. Of the 44 readable liver sections from addicts, 10 were read as chrome aggressive hepatitis, 1 as chronic aggressive hepatitis with granulomata (this patient was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles E. Cherubin, M.D., F.A.C.P.; William Rosenthal, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Richard Stenger, M.D.; Alfred Prince, M.D.; Thomas McGinn, M.D.; Michael Baden, M.D.; Seth Kane, B.S.; Daniel Weinberger, B.S.; Robert Strauss, B.S.Affiliations: New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 833-834KeywordsAddictsAntigensAutopsyChronic hepatitisChronic liver diseaseLiverLiver diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Childhood farm environment and asthma and sensitization in young adulthood
Authors: M. Kilpeläinen, E. O. Terho, H. Helenius, M. Koskenvuo
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: Farm environment in childhood may protect against sensitization, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Methods: Subjects were obtained from 10 667 Finnish first‐year university students who responded to a questionnaire survey on IgE‐mediated diseases. Two random samples were selected from 1631 respondents in Turku: subjects with asthma or wheezing, and subjects without asthmatic symptoms. A total of 296 subjects (72%) participated. Skin prick tests (SPT), measurements of IgE‐antibodies, methacholine challenge, and bronchodilation tests were performed. Weighted occurrence of current asthma and sensitization among students from “childhood farm” and “childhood nonfarm” environments were analyzed. Results: Current asthma was found in 3.1% of subjects with childhood farm environment, and in 12.4% with nonfarm environment (odds ratio (OR) 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07–0.70). There were fewer positive SPT to birch (8.3 vs. 24.2%, OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.07–1.15) and timothy pollen (12.6 vs. 30.3%, OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.09–1.20) among subjects with childhood farm environment, but more sensitization to house‐dust mite (22.0 vs. 4.9%, OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.60–18.46). Sensitization to cat (RAST class ≥ 3) was less common in subjects with farm compared to nonfarm environments in childhood (1.5 vs. 13.1%; OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.47). Conclusions: Farm environment in childhood protects against adult asthma and sensitization—especially to cat—the most important asthma related allergen. In contrast, sensitization to house‐dust mite was more common in farming subjects.
Lumen Loss in the First Year in Saphenous Vein Grafts Is Predominantly a Result of Negative Remodeling of the Whole Vessel Rather Than a Result of Changes in Wall Thickness
Authors: George T. Lau, Lloyd J. Ridley, Paul G. Bannon, Louise A. Wong, Joseph Trieu, David B. Brieger, Harry C. Lowe, Ben S. Freedman, Leonard Kritharides
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— The use of saphenous vein grafts (SVG) in coronary artery bypass surgery is established but little is known of SVG remodeling during the first year in vivo. Methods and Results— The feasibility of measuring total vessel diameter (lumen plus wall), lumen diameter, and wall thickness by a novel computed tomography (CT) method was established in phantom model tubes ( r =0.98 for lumen diameter and r =0.98 for wall thickness) and in an initial clinical study of 14 patients correlating CT and intravascular ultrasound measurements of SVG ( r =0.88 for total vessel diameter, r =0.85 for lumen diameter and r =0.89 for wall thickness). In a separate group of 42 patients (aged 66±10 years; 36 male, 6 female) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, SVG total vessel diameter, lumen diameter, and wall thickness were determined prospectively with multi-slice CT angiography at 1 and 12 months postoperatively. Mean total vessel diameter decreased from 5.95±0.83 mm to 5.39±0.87 mm, P &lt;0.001 (range, −39% to +8% change). Twenty-six patients (62%) had a decrease of SVG vessel diameter (negative remodeling) &gt;5%. Mean lumen diameter decreased from 3.69±0.66 mm to 3.36±0.68 mm, P &lt;0.001, (range, −40 to +11% change). Surprisingly, mean wall thickness decreased from 1.14±0.27 mm to 1.01±0.21 mm ( P &lt;0.001; range, −48 to +33% change). Conclusions— Lumen loss in SVG between postoperative months 1 and 12 is predominantly caused by negative remodeling of the whole vessel rather than to changes in wall thickness. Therapies targeting negative remodeling may be required for optimal maintenance of SVG lumen in the first postoperative year.
Screening Strategies for Cancer
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In the fight against cancer we seem to have turned the corner. For the first time comprehensive surveys indicate a small but steady decline in cancer mortality rates over a 5-year period (1990 to 1995).<sup>1</sup>These improvements have resulted from advances in cancer prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. The contribution of treatment is most easily quantified for children with cancer, most of whom are treated at cancer centers and on research protocols. For adults, improvements in survival suggest a significant impact of treatment in certain solid tumors, such as breast cancer, and in the hematologic malignancies. Progress in prevention and screening is somewhat easier to document. Antismoking efforts have had some success among adult males, although women and teens seem less influenced by these interventions. In the field of cancer screening, Papanicolaou tests have dramatically lowered the incidence of cervical cancer in screened populations. Similarly, mammography is effective in
Patient safety agency admits problems with its pilot scheme
Authors: A. Vass
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Preliminary figures from a pilot system for reporting adverse incidents in the NHS were released this week with a warning that the raw data were “unreliable and not sufficiently robust for a government publication.”

Data collected by the National Patient Safety Agency show that more than 27000 adverse incidents have been reported over the past nine months, far fewer than expected from international studies on adverse incidents. However, there were substantial problems with the pilot.

Professor Liam Donaldson, chief medical officer for England, said: “Fifty to sixty per cent of the data …