tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Arteriovenous Grafts in the Thigh and Upper Extremities in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Christopher D. Miller, Michelle L. Robbin, Jill Barker, Michael Allon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2003)

ABSTRACT. Placement of a thigh graft is an option in hemodialysis patients who have exhausted all upper extremity sites for permanent vascular access. The outcome of thigh grafts has been reported only in retrospective studies. The outcomes of 409 grafts placed at a single institution during a 3.5-yr period were evaluated prospectively, including 63 thigh grafts (15% of the total). Information was recorded on surgical complications, dates of radiologic and surgical interventions, and date of graft failure. The technical failure rate was approximately twice as high for thigh grafts, as compared with upper extremity grafts (12.7 versus 5.8%; P = 0.046). Intervention-free survival was similar for thigh and upper extremity grafts (median, 3.9 versus 3.5 mo; P = 0.55). Thrombosis-free survival was also comparable for thigh and upper extremity grafts (median, 5.7 versus 5.5 mo; P = 0.94). Cumulative survival (time to permanent failure) was similar for thigh and upper extremity grafts (median, 14.8 versus 20.8 mo; P = 0.62). When technical failures were excluded, the median cumulative survival was 27.6 mo for thigh grafts and 22.5 mo for upper extremity grafts ( P = 0.72). The frequency of angioplasty (0.28 versus 0.57 per year), thrombectomy (1.58 versus 0.94 per year), surgical revision (0.28 versus 0.18 per year), and total intervention rate (2.15 versus 1.70 per year) was similar between thigh and upper extremity grafts. Access loss as a result of infection tended to be higher for thigh grafts than for upper extremity grafts (11.1 versus 5.2%; P = 0.07). In conclusion, placement of thigh grafts should be considered a viable option among hemodialysis patients who have exhausted all options for a permanent vascular access in both upper extremities. E-mail mdallon@uab.edu
HIV-Infected Surgeons
Authors: Barbara P. Yawn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Orentlicher<sup>1</sup>provides an excellent overview of the issues involved in the case of "HIV-Infected Surgeons:<i>Behringer v Medical Center</i>." However, mandatory HIV testing of surgeons or any group of health care workers done on a population with a prevalence similar to the one given in the article (0.25% or 25/10 000) would be done only once. The rate of disease in the second and future HIV testing periods would be only those who had seroconverted since the last testing episode and the people previously testing false-negative. It would make no sense to continue testing those known to be HIV positive. While I am unaware of any published estimates of yearly rate of seroconversion in surgeons, the seroconversion rate in active military health care personnel has been estimated to be six per 100 000 people per year.<sup>2</sup>Mandatory testing on a large population with this
Should always be performed
Authors: P Lafond, B Tardy, F Zeni, A Viallon, Y Page, J C Bertrand
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—In their prospective series of 119 patients admitted after a first seizure Ronald A Schoenenberger and Sabine M Heim found that no focal lesion would have been missed if computed tomography had been performed only in patients who either presented with a focal deficit or did not misuse alcohol and did not have a focal deficit.1 They conclude that although computed tomography of the brain remains necessary in most patients after a first seizure, it may …
EFFECTS OF PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS ON PLATELET AGGREGATION AND LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN OPTIMALLY TREATED STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE PATIENTS WITH OR WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Santosh Padala, Mikhail Torosoff, Mandeep Sidhu, Evgenia Granina, Ashraf Seedhom, William Boden
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Increased disease activity is associated with a deteriorated lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: V P van Halm, J C van Denderen, M J L Peters, J W R Twisk, M van der Paardt, I E van der Horst-Bruinsma, R J van de Stadt, M H M T de Koning, B A C Dijkmans, M T Nurmohamed
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Background:</b> Cardiovascular mortality is increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. A possible explanation might be a more prevalent atherogenic lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis than in the general population. It has been postulated that inflammation deteriorates the lipid profile, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk. <b>Objective:</b> To explore the association between disease activity and lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. <b>Methods:</b> Disease activity parameters for ankylosing spondylitis and lipid levels (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and triglycerides) were measured in 45 patients with ankylosing spondylitis for 6 months after starting treatment with leflunomide or placebo. Findings in this treatment group were compared with those in 10 patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with etanercept. A specialised regression model, adjusting for repeated measurements, age and sex, was used to assess the influence of the disease activity variables on the lipid levels. <b>Results:</b> Multilevel regression analyses showed significant associations between disease activity parameters and lipid levels—for instance, an increase of 30 mm at the end of the first hour in erythrocyte sedimentation rate was associated with a decrease of about 6% in total cholesterol level and a decrease of about 11% in HDLc levels. Similar significant associations were found between other disease activity parameters and lipid levels. <b>Conclusion:</b> Increase in disease activity was associated with decreases in lipid levels. The decrease in HDLc levels tended to be almost twice as large as the decrease in total cholesterol levels, resulting in a more atherogenic lipid profile. Hence, effective treatment of disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis may lower the cardiovascular risk by improving the lipid profile.
Hirsutism Associated With Long-term Phenothiazine Neuroleptic Therapy
Authors: Paul Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1979)

IT IS well established that neuroleptics, particularly the phenothiazines, may alter various neuroendocrine functions.<sup>1,2</sup>The syndrome of amenorrhea-galactorrhea is the best known of the complications that may result from chronic neuroleptic use. To our knowledge, hirsutism in female patients has not been mentioned as a possible side effect of neuroleptic use, and no case histories appear in the literature. We examined a patient with a well-documented clinical course and the evidence for an interrelationship between the neuroendocrine system changes and the neuroleptic treatment that this patient's psychopathology required. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old woman was admitted to the University Hospital with a documented 11-year history of neuroleptic treatment for chronic undifferentiated schizophrenia. This hospitalization was for reevaluation of her medication regimen. Physical examination on admission showed an alert, obese woman with a profuse distribution of dark hair covering her face and chest and running in a male escutcheon
RNA sensor–induced type I IFN prevents diabetes caused by a β cell–tropic virus in mice
Authors: Stephen A. McCartney, William Vermi, Silvia Lonardi, Cristina Rossini, Karel Otero, Boris Calderon, Susan Gilfillan, Michael S. Diamond, Emil R. Unanue, Marco Colonna
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Viral infections have been linked to the onset of type I diabetes (T1D), with viruses postulated to induce disease directly by causing β cell injury and subsequent release of autoantigens and indirectly via the host type I interferon (IFN-I) response triggered by the virus. Consistent with this, resistance to T1D is associated with polymorphisms that impair the function of melanoma differentiation associated gene-5 (MDA5), a sensor of viral RNA that elicits IFN-I responses. In animal models, triggering of another viral sensor, TLR3, has been implicated in diabetes. Here, we found that MDA5 and TLR3 are both required to prevent diabetes in mice infected with encephalomyocarditis virus strain D (EMCV-D), which has tropism for the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas. Infection of Tlr3-/- mice caused diabetes due to impaired IFN-I responses and virus-induced β cell damage rather than T cell-mediated autoimmunity. Mice lacking just 1 copy of Mda5 developed transient hyperglycemia when infected with EMCV-D, whereas homozygous Mda5-/- mice developed severe cardiac pathology. TLR3 and MDA5 controlled EMCV-D infection and diabetes by acting in hematopoietic and stromal cells, respectively, inducing IFN-I responses at kinetically distinct time points. We therefore conclude that optimal functioning of viral sensors and prompt IFN-I responses are required to prevent diabetes when caused by a virus that infects and damages the β cells of the pancreas.
Activation of NF-kappaB by adherent Pseudomonas aeruginosa in normal and cystic fibrosis respiratory epithelial cells.
Authors: E DiMango, A J Ratner, R Bryan, S Tabibi, A Prince
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

PMN-dominated airway inflammation is a major component of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Epithelial cells respond to organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the major pathogen in CF, by expressing the leukocyte chemokine IL-8. Experiments were performed using several different types of respiratory epithelial cells that demonstrate that ligation of ceramide-associated receptors on epithelial surfaces by P. aeruginosa pili is a major stimulus for the translocation of transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and initiation of IL-8 expression by epithelial cells. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and Western hybridizations, nuclear NF-kappaB was found shortly after epithelial cells were stimulated by either whole organisms, isolated pili, or antibody to the pilin receptor asialoGM1. IB3 cells, which express mutations in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) (DeltaF508/W1282X), were noted to have significantly greater amounts of endogenous nuclear NF-kappaB, but not the transcription factor C/EBP, than CF cells corrected by episomal copies of normal CFTR (C-38) or IB3 cells grown at a permissive temperature (25 degreesC). Activation of NF-kappaB and subsequent IL-8 expression in epithelial cells can result from activation of at least two pathways: an exogenous signaling cascade that is activated by ligation of ceramide-associated adhesins such as P. aeruginosa pilin, or endogenous stimulation, suggested to be a consequence of cell stress caused by the accumulation of mutant CFTR in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Selective concentration and localization of gold in macrophages of synovial and other tissues during and after chrysotherapy in rheumatoid patients.
Authors: B Vernon-Roberts, J L Dore, J D Jessop, W J Henderson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Gold distribution was studied in the tissues of 7 rheumatoid patients who had died from 0 to 23 years after stopping chrysotherapy (sodium aurothiomalate) and in 23 samples of synovial tissue removed surgically at intervals during chrysotherapy in 5 patients. After the application of a highly specific staining technique, the cellular localization of gold was examined microscopically in various tissues: the amounts of gold in selected areas of the same specimens which had been examined microscopically were then measured by neutron activation analysis. During active chrysotherapy gold was abundant in synovial lining cells except where a fibrin layer was present on the surface; after stopping chrysotherapy, gold disappeared from the synovial lining cells. Gold accumulated progressively in the subsynovial connective tissues during chrysotherapy, but was not uniformly distributed, and bore no relationship to fluctuations in serum gold levels. Gold deposition was not confined to joint tissue, but was found within the macrophages of many organs, renal tubular epithelium, and, after recent chrysotherapy, in seminiferous tubules, hepatocytes, and adrenal cortical cells. Gold persisted in synovial and other tissues for up to 23 years after chrysotherapy was stopped. The overall findings indicated that gold is selectively concentrated within inflamed synovial tissues during chrysotherapy.
FDG Positron Emission Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: MARCEL P. M. STOKKEL, VIVIAN BONGERS, GERRIT-JAN HORDIJK, PETER P. VAN RIJK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique used for imaging and staging malignant diseases. In many oncologic situations, however, abnormal changes seen on the PET studies are not caused by tumor, which is especially true in the head and neck region. The authors present an overview of the phenomena that may confound the interpretation of the images in head and neck cancer.FDG PET studies were performed in patients with primary head and neck cancer and in patients in whom recurrent disease was likely. The results were correlated with clinical findings. Eight solitary cases were selected from a total of 180 patients studied.Benign lesions and iatrogenic and physiologic changes may show increased FDG uptake. Therefore, clinical information on previous surgical interventions and optimal patient preparation are necessary for adequate interpretation. If these prerequisites can be met, benign lesions appear to be the only lesions that may interfere with the specificity of FDG PET.
Depression Among Pregnant Rural South African Women Undergoing HIV Testing
Authors: Tamsen J. Rochat, Linda M. Richter, Helen A. Doll, Nomphilo P. Buthelezi, Andrew Tomkins, Alan Stein
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in southern Africa are high with up to 45% of pregnant women being HIV-positive. Depression is associated with lowered adherence to antiretroviral medication and poor use of antenatal care. It frequently persists into the postnatal period raising the risk of adverse child outcomes. Because little is known about the rates of depression among women undergoing HIV testing in prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs (PMTCT) we undertook this prevalence study. A secondary aim was assessment of perceptions among these women about adverse consequences of an HIV diagnosis and whether these perceptions were related to depression status.  (excerpt)
THE SODIUM CONTENT OF THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER EXPERIMENTAL INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Russell L. Haden, Thomas G. Orr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Sodium determinations on the blood of ten dogs after experimental obstruction of the jejunum are reported. The average sodium content of the plasma of the normal dog is 336 mg. per 100 cc. There is relatively little change in the sodium content of the blood plasma after the intestine is obstructed, even with marked changes in the chloride and bicarbonate. The whole blood sodium tends to rise after intestinal obstruction. The increase in bicarbonate ions does not fully compensate for the decrease in chloride ions. After intestinal obstruction there is a larger amount of sodium in some unknown combination than in the normal dog. These findings throw no definite light on the mechanism of the increased protein destruction characteristic of intestinal obstruction.
Psychological Evaluation of a Child Subjected to Hypothermia In Utero
Authors: Frederick W. Hehre
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The development of a 40-month-old boy was studied who had been subjected to hypothermia of 83 F when his mother underwent craniotomy and clipping of an intracranial aneurysm during the eighth month of pregnancy. He was found to function at a high average intellectual level and without perceptual or motor disabilities suggestive of cerebral dysfunction.
STUDIES ON PNEUMOCOCCUS GROWTH INHIBITION
Authors: Richard H. P. Sia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

By means of a method previously described for demonstrating the growth-inhibitory and pneumococcidal power of normal serum-leucocyte mixtures, a study was made to determine the action of pneumococcus soluble substance on the growth of strains of pneumococci avirulent for rabbits and cats. It was found that the presence of a very small amount of the purified soluble substance of the homologous type markedly altered the conditions in the mixture so that even a small number of avirulent pneumococci were enabled to grow in the serum and leucocytes of animals which possess the power to destroy ordinarily such pneumococci in relatively large numbers. The action of the soluble substance was shown to be highly specific to type. A Type II substance assisted the growth of only Pneumococcus Type II, likewise a Type III substance, the growth of Pneumococcus Type III only. Experiments involving broth filtrates of young pneumococcus cultures in place of the purified soluble substances gave similar results, thereby establishing further the identity of the purified substance with the precipitable substance originally described in the filtrates of pneumococcus cultures. The effect of the soluble specific substance of pneumococcus in the serum-leucocyte mixtures is, therefore, to confer on the avirulent pneumococcus of the homologous type the growth capacity of a virulent organism. The mechanism of the reaction is briefly discussed.
Apolipoprotein J/clusterin limits the severity of murine autoimmune myocarditis
Authors: Lea McLaughlin, Guang Zhu, Meenakshi Mistry, Cathy Ley-Ebert, William D. Stuart, Carolyn J. Florio, Pamela A. Groen, Sandra A. Witt, Thomas R. Kimball, David P. Witte, Judith A.K. Harmony, Bruce J. Aronow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Apolipoprotein J/clusterin (apoJ/clusterin), an intriguing protein with unknown function, is induced in myocarditis and numerous other inflammatory injuries. To test its ability to modify myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis, we generated apoJ-deficient mice. ApoJ-deficient and wild-type mice exhibited similar initial onset of myocarditis, as evidenced by the induction of two early markers of the T cell–mediated immune response, MHC-II and TNF receptor p55. Furthermore, autoantibodies against the primary antigen cardiac myosin were induced to the same extent. Although the same proportion of challenged animals exhibited some degree of inflammatory infiltrate, inflammation was more severe in apoJ-deficient animals. Inflammatory lesions were more diffuse and extensive in apoJ-deficient mice, particularly in females. In marked contrast to wild-type animals, the development of a strong generalized secondary response against cardiac antigens in apoJ-deficient mice was predictive of severe myocarditis. Wild-type mice with a strong Ab response to secondary antigens appeared to be protected from severe inflammation. After resolution of inflammation, apoJ-deficient, but not wild-type, mice exhibited cardiac function impairment and severe myocardial scarring. These results suggest that apoJ limits progression of autoimmune myocarditis and protects the heart from postinflammatory tissue destruction.
Abstract 533: Differential expression of IGF-II in Vietnamese women in triple negative breast cancer is dependent on biallelic or monoallelic IGF-II with ApaI SNP.
Authors: Vinodh Kumar Radhakrishnan, Qianwei Tan, Marino A. De León, Daisy D. De León
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is more likely to be advanced, poorly differentiated, larger, and present in women of younger age and of lower socioeconomic status. Moreover, TNBC patients have worse outcomes when treated with currently available adjuvant chemotherapy. We have demonstrated that Breast cancer (BC) tumors from AA patients express significantly higher levels of IGF-II compared to Caucasian women (CA), and show a higher activation of the IGF signaling pathways in tumors progression (Kalla et.al., 2010). Thus we designed a study in younger Vietnamese women where TNBC incidence is increasing. A total of 24 paired BC samples were analyzed by gDNA PCR for IGF-II Apa I polymorphism to correlate with IGF-II mRNA and protein levels. The levels of IGF-II correlated with the imprinting status, i.e., Biallelic (BA; n=14)&amp;gt;&amp;gt;, Monoallelic with SNP (MAS; n=5)&amp;gt;, and Monoallelic non-ApaI SNP (MA; n=5)&amp;gt;. Higher IGF-II levels were expressed in tumor as compared to normal BC tissue samples. The free proIGF-II protein and mRNA levels were higher in biallelic tumor tissues as compared to the proIGF-II levels detected in monoallelic tumor samples. The growth factor receptors; Insulin receptor A (IRA), Insulin receptor B (IRB), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), Estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1), Progesterone receptor (PGR) and Human epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB2) levels were determined to show if IGF-II monoallelic or biallelic dosage regulated the receptor levels. We conclude that biallelic IGF-II expression in TNBC tumors results in higher IGF-II mRNA, protein and related receptors levels than in monoallelic samples. Citation Format: Vinodh Kumar Radhakrishnan, Qianwei Tan, Marino A. De León, Daisy D. De León. Differential expression of IGF-II in Vietnamese women in triple negative breast cancer is dependent on biallelic or monoallelic IGF-II with ApaI SNP. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 533. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-533
Effect of coronary risk factors on plaque morphology: Intravascular ultrasound evidence of differing patterns
Authors: E. Murat Tuzcu, Khaled M. Ziada, Anthony C. De Franco, William A. Magyar, Timothy D. Crowe, A. Michael Lincoff, Joseph M. Sutton, Conrad Simpfendorfer, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Vaccination Mandates vs Opt-Out Programs and Rates of Influenza Immunization
Authors: Robert M. Rakita, Beverly A. Hagar, Joyce K. Lammert
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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