tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1109: Characterization of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) as a novel survival related protein in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Gnanasekar Munirathinam, Aditya Shetty, Abhilash Samykutty, Gajalakshmi Dakshinamoorthy, Guoxing Zheng, Aoshuang Chen, Maarten C. Bosland, André Kajdacsy-Balla, Ramaswamy Kalyanasundaram
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of death by cancer in men, resulting in approximately 32,000 deaths each year. While the cause of PCa is not clearly known at this time, some risk factors include age, diet, race, and activation of certain oncogenes. Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) is a recently discovered oncogene and a key mitogenic growth factor which is activated in lung, liver, and skin cancers, however, its role in the development of PCa is unknown. Therefore, the goal of this study is to characterize the role of HDGF in prostate carcinogenesis. A normal prostate cell line, RWPE-1, and four different PCa cell lines, LNCaP, 22RV1, DU145, and PC-3, were analyzed for their expression level of HDGF by western blot analysis. Results of this evaluation revealed that HDGF is over-expressed in multiple PCa cell lines while minimally expressed in RWPE-1 cells. When the HDGF gene is ectopically over-expressed in normal RWPE-1 cells, proliferative rate was increased by 1.5 fold compared to the normal cells, suggesting that HDGF has growth stimulating activity. On the contrary, down regulation of HDGF expression by siRNA significantly inhibited the survival of both androgen dependent (LNCaP) and androgen independent (PC-3) PCa cells. DNA content analysis of RWPE-1 cells stably expressing HDGF by flow cytometry showed that the majority of the cells were in the G2/M phase (55%) of the cell cycle while only 28% of the control RWPE-1 cells were at G2/M phase implying HDGF may have a mitotic function in prostate cells. Furthermore, AKT (phosphorylated form) and NFκB (p65 domain) signaling molecules were found to be activated in RWPE-1 cells expressing HDGF. This activation resulted in the increase of anti-apoptotic molecules Cyclin-E and BCL-2 and the simultaneous decrease in the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax. Activation of AKT-NFκB pathway plays a vital role in the carcinogenesis of several cancers, including PCa. Thus, HDGF over-expression may play a role in regulating this survival pathway in prostate carcinogenesis. Collectively, the results of this study suggest that HDGF is a key player in the development of PCa and may serve as a target for chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic strategies in PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1109. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1109
Availability of organs for transplantation: a three year study.
Authors: B M Smithers, G Cooksey, M C Foster, R W Blamey
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Records were examined of all medically eligible potential organ donors diagnosed as brain stem dead over a three-year period in the intensive care units covered by the Nottingham, England, renal transplant unit. At present 40 kidneys per million population are needed each year for transplantation in Great Britain. Of 50 kidneys per million population identified by the survey as suitable for transplantation, only 25 were referred for retrieval. Lower percentages of hearts and livers were retrieved. Despite a stated policy of the intensive care units to refer brain stem dead patients for consideration as organ donors, there were instances of nonreferral by medical staff and refusal to donate by relatives. The authors urge that senior medical staff be designated as organ requesters and that well trained nurses be encouraged to introduce the subject, especially if required request becomes law.
A survey of expressed genes in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: R. Waterston, C. Martin, M. Craxton, C. Huynh, A. Coulson, L. Hillier, R. Durbin, P. Green, R. Shownkeen, N. Halloran, M. Metzstein, T. Hawkins, R. Wilson, M. Berks, Z. Du, K. Thomas, J. Thierry-Mieg, J. Sulston
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Decreased axonal transport of structural proteins in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Authors: J Jakobsen, P Sidenius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We have examined the various axonal transport rates in sciatic nerve of streptozotocin diabetic rats 3 h and 10,25, and 50 d after the injection of tritiated proline into the fifth lumbar dorsal root ganglion. Proline-labeled proteins conveyed by the slow transport system were advanced more slowly in diabetic rats. No compensation for this delay took place in terms of protein synthesis, half-life, or transported amount. The decreased deliverance of slowly transported proteins (structural proteins) to the axons may well account for the reduced axon calibre shown in earlier reports. A hypothesis is proposed suggesting that the primary event in the development of neurological abnormalities in diabetes is an impairment of the retrograde axonal transport, secondarily leading to the abnormality of the anterograde transport of structural proteins.
Skin Diseases: Diagnosis and Management in Clinical Practice
Authors: Marie-Louise Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Dr Binnick's book is directed at the practicing generalist, the primary care physician, and, although it avows to stay with the most common problems, it is surprisingly broad in scope. The information is provided in an interesting format in which diseases are first grouped by their morphology or etiology, followed by a standard presentation of definition, clinical manifestations, diagnostic clues, differential diagnosis, perhaps comments, and always treatment. Highlights are set apart in the left-hand column to permit skimming. The photoplates, largely black and white, are quite helpful. As one who has worked with and contrasted the clinical presentations of dermatologic lesions on color television against direct viewing and against black and white, I know that accurate diagnoses can be made from black-and-white representations. The text information is adequate and fairly current; the annotated bibliography is a real plus. Dermatologists will be impressed to see a textbook of modest size compressed
Functional polymorphism of each of the two HLA-DR beta chain loci demonstrated with antigen-specific DR3- and DRw52-restricted T cell clones.
Authors: C Irlé, D Jaques, J M Tiercy, S V Fuggle, J Gorski, A Termijtelen, M Jeannet, B Mach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

HLA-DR3- and HLA-DRw52-associated functional polymorphism was investigated with selected tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific T cell clones. We have shown earlier that HLA-DR antigens are encoded by two distinct loci, DR beta I and DR beta III. The alloantigenic determinant(s) defined by the serological HLA-DR3 specificity map to the former, while the supratypic HLA-DRw52 determinants map to DR beta III. Furthermore, we have recently recognized by DNA sequencing three alleles of HLA-DRw52 at locus DR beta III, referred to as 52 a, b, and c. Our objective was to correlate the pattern of T cell restriction with the gene products of individual DR beta chain loci and with the three newly described alleles of locus DR beta III. Among the selected T cell clones, 5 reacted exclusively when TT was presented by HLA-DR3+ APCs (TT-DR3-APC). In contrast, two T cell clones were stimulated by TT-DRw52-APC. More specifically, these two T cell clones (Clones 10 and 16) were stimulated by different subsets of TT-DRw52-APC. Clone 16 responded to some DR3 and TT-DRw6-APC, while clone 10 was stimulated by other TT-DR3 and TT-DRw6, and all TT-DR5-APC. This same pattern of DRw52 restriction was found in panel, as well as in family studies. Because this suggested a correlation with the pattern of DRw52 polymorphism observed earlier by DNA sequencing and oligonucleotide hybridization, the APC used in these experiments were typed for the 52 a, b, and c alleles of locus DR beta III by allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. This distribution overlapped exactly with the stimulation pattern defined by the T cell clones. Clone 16 responded to TT-52a-APC, clone 10 to TT-52b-APC, and both clones to a TT-52c-APC. The response of the T cell clones was inhibited differentially by mAbs to DR. Raising TT concentration, or increasing HLA-class II expression with INF-gamma both affected the magnitude of response of the TT-specific clones but did not modify their specificities. These results demonstrate that a restriction specificity can be attributed to the DR beta III locus and illustrate the functional relevance of the polymorphism observed at this locus. This is of special interest in view of the striking difference in the pattern of structural diversity among alleles of DR beta I and DR beta III.
Abdominal Mass in Infancy
Authors: Reginald E. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Joseph H. Lyons: This 1-month-old male infant weighed 4.3 kg (9 lb 61/2 oz) at birth. The mother was a healthy 23-year-old primipara, and the 42-week pregnancy was not remarkable except for a tooth abscess early in the first trimester which was treated with antibiotics for three weeks. Labor lasted 1 1/2 hours, and there was a normal vaginal delivery with the use of general anesthesia. While still in the hospital, the mother was told that the infant had a large abdomen; it was explained to her that this was because of weak abdominal muscles. The neonatal period was uneventful, and the abdomen did not change in appearance. At the one-month "well-baby visit" the family physician noted the large abdomen, and the infant was referred to the Massachusetts General Hospital. On admission the baby was well-developed, active, and in no distress. His weight was 5.5 kg (12 3/4 lb).
"Help Stamp Out Mandatory Continuing Education"—If It Is to be Done, Let's Do It for the Right Reason
Authors: Clarke W. Mangun
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Help Stamp out Mandatory Continuing Education, by Libby et al (p 797), contains a description of some characteristics of good and bad adult education methodology that has useful implications for the field of continuing medical education.  The article also expresses the opinion that current, mandatory continuing educational programs for health professionals, as they are now administered, are predictable failures because (1) most continuing medical education programs involve a lecture format with a student-teacher relationship that generates apathy and hostility, (2) mandatory participation generates hostility and a resistance to learning, and (3) available studies do not demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between physician participation in lecture-type continuing education programs and a change in physician behavior that results in an improved treatment outcome.  While there are far too many poor lectures given, the quality of the lecture is not necessarily related to whether attendance at the program is mandatory. In addition, a casual
Kinetics of the immune response during HBV and HCV infection
Authors: Antonio Bertoletti, Carlo Ferrari
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The innate immune system has a role not only in protecting the host during the initial period of virus infection, but also in shaping the nature of the adaptive immune response. In this review, we follow the kinetics of the virologic and immunologic events occurring from the time of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We primarily discuss how the early events after infection might influence the development of the adaptive immune response in these 2 important viral infections and how new strategies for more efficient preventive and therapeutic vaccines can be derived from this knowledge.
ST-segment elevation resolution as a predictor of mortality in patients with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction III flow in the infarct artery after primary angioplasty: The CADILLAC trial
Authors: Michael G. McLaughlin, Graham Gardner, Eve D. Aymong, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra J. Lansky, Cindy L. Grines, James E. Tcheng, David A. Cox, Thomas D. Stuckey, Eulogio Garcia, Giulio Guagliumi, Mark Turco, Peter Zimetbaum, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents
Authors: P. Ramchandani
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Most selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are no longer recommended 

On 10 December 2003 Professor Gordon Duff, chairman of the Committee on Safety of Medicines in the United Kingdom, advised that most of the antidepressant drugs in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor group should not be used to treat major depressive disorder in children and adolescents under the age of 18 years.1 This is the main category of medication used in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents, and the announcement will have taken many young people who take these drugs, their parents, and doctors by surprise. Although the advice only applies to the United Kingdom, it mirrors concerns that are also being considered by the US Food and Drug Administration.2

The new advice follows the review of data from clinical trials by an expert working group, convened initially because of concerns that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and self harm in young people. The group concluded that the balance of risks and benefits was unfavourable for three of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (sertraline, citalopram, and escitalopram) and that there was insufficient evidence to support the use of a fourth, fluvoxamine. The committee had …
Don't Read This Article
Authors: Christopher A.K.Y. Chong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

On Being a Doctor2 April 2013Don't Read This ArticleChristopher A.K.Y. Chong, MDChristopher A.K.Y. Chong, MDFrom Lakeridge Health Oshawa, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-7-201304020-00012 Audio Reading - “Don't Read This Article” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Don't Read This Article," by C.A.K.Y Chong. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Today's deluge of research studies seems to have created a secondary cottage industry for physicians to demonstrate their erudition. How better to show off your tony acumen than by quoting a recent study? But does anyone actually read all of the studies relevant to his or her practice? And perhaps more important, does the average clinician really need to? In his work, How to Talk About Books You Haven't Read, Pierre Bayard (a literature professor!) extols the virtues and values of not reading books (at least I think that's what he has done, having only really read the book jacket). ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Lakeridge Health Oshawa, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada.Corresponding Author: Christopher A.K.Y. Chong, MD, Lakeridge Health Oshawa, Section of General Internal Medicine, Lakeridge Health, 1 Hospital Court, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 2B9, Canada; e-mail, caky.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Don't Read This Article” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Don't Read This Article," by C.A.K.Y Chong. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Journal of Last Resort 2 April 2013Volume 158, Issue 7Page: 566-567KeywordsEvidence based medicineHeartHospital medicineInstinctLongitudinal studiesRetrospective studies ePublished: 2 April 2013 Issue Published: 2 April 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Doctors face trial for manslaughter as criminal charges against doctors continue to rise
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two UK junior doctors are to stand trial for manslaughter over the death of a 31 year old patient who developed staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome following a routine knee operation.

Rajeev Srivastava and Amit Mizra, both senior house officers at the time, have been charged with causing the death of Sean Phillips, who died in June 2000 following surgery at Southampton General Hospital. A trial date has been set for March 2003 at Winchester crown court in Hampshire.

The case follows the acquittal last month of consultant …
Atlas of Pediatric Diseases
Authors: Leslie L. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The expansion of the field of pediatrics has been paralleled only by the proliferation of subspecialties, subspecialists, and an inevitably vast subspecialized literature. Nevertheless, there remains a sizable group of practitioners who must approach the patient as the patient presents to them. It is therefore refreshing to encounter a volume devoted to visual diagnosis. <i>Atlas of Pediatric Diseases</i>, by Helmut Moll, translated by Walter Kleindienst, contains 378 fine illustrations, both in color and in black and white. Unfortunately, the text is not of comparable quality. Perhaps the major difficulty is in nomenclature; words such as "dyspepsia" and "phlegmon" have long been discarded by American physicians. The table of contents, which spans congenital malformations to infectious diseases and disorders of the nervous system, is in need of reorganization. The text accompanying each picture, by contrast, is well organized, but the differential diagnoses are often too brief and treatment too vaguely defined
Effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on the atrioventricular node of isolated guinea pig hearts.
Authors: L Belardinelli, J Shryock, G A West, H F Clemo, J P DiMarco, R M Berne
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The primary goal of this study was to determine whether the slowing of atrioventricular (AV) conduction by ATP is caused by ATP per se or is mediated by adenosine formed from ATP degradation. We assessed the effects of ATP, beta, gamma-methylene ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine on AV conduction time in the isolated perfused guinea pig heart. The cardiac effluent was collected and analyzed for its content of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides. Perfused ATP was rapidly and almost completely broken down to AMP and adenosine; only 2.5 +/- 0.5% of the infused ATP was recoverable in the effluent. A significant correlation was found between the effluent concentration of adenosine and atria-to-His bundle (A-H) conduction time. Compounds that altered the effect of adenosine on A-H conduction likewise altered the effect of ATP: (1) aminophylline, a competitive antagonist of adenosine, antagonized the ATP-induced A-H prolongation; (2) adenosine deaminase, the enzyme responsible for the deamination of adenosine to inosine, reduced the effect of ATP by 82%; (3) the adenosine transport blockers NBMPR and dipyridamole markedly enhanced the effect of ATP; and (4) EHNA, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, potentiated the effect of ATP. Furthermore, the less hydrolyzable ATP analog, beta, gamma-methylene ATP, was less potent than ATP in causing A-H prolongation. We conclude that the adenosine-like action of ATP on the guinea pig AV node requires that ATP first be degraded to adenosine.
Consensus workshop on methods to evaluate developmental immunotoxicity.
Authors: Michael I Luster, Jack H Dean, Dori R Germolec
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A workshop cosponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health was convened in Washington, DC, on 17-18 October 2001 with the goal of developing a consensus document on the most appropriate experimental approaches and assays available to assess developmental immunotoxicity. The work group was composed of scientists from academia, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and federal agencies with expertise in developmental immunology, developmental toxicology, immunotoxicology, and risk evaluation. This consensus document presents an overview of the major summations made by the work group. A summary of early work in the field is provided, which includes potential immunotoxic agents, followed by brief discussions of our current understanding of developmental immunology. This report concludes with the work group's consensus of the most appropriate experimental design and tests to screen for potential developmental immunotoxic agents in experimental models, including potential limitations and data gaps.
Intraoperative identification and management of graft failure after minimally invasive coronary bypass surgery
Authors: J.A. Goldstein, S.B. Timmis, D. Aliabadi, R.D. Satian, W.W. O'Neill, J. Altshuler, F. Shannon, J.S. Bassett, M. Sakwa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION AS IT RELATES TO MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: ROBERT W. LAIDLAW, MEDORA S. BASS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

Voluntary sterilization can and does contribute to mental health; by helping to keep the population increase in line with developing resources; by reducing the anxiety caused by fear of unwanted pregnancies; by preventing children from being born to irresponsible parents with resultant neglect and social ills; by allowing the retarded to marry and lead more normal lives; by preventing some hereditary abnormalities. All this can be accomplished without unfavorable psychological effects and with a high ratio of satisfaction.
Hypocholesteremic Effect of Benzmalacene
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, ROLAND E. SCHNECKLOTH
Journal: Circulation (1959)

A new substance, Benzmalacene, was tested to determine whether it had hypocholesteremic effect in normotensive, hypertensive and hypercholesteremic patients. It proved effective. But after 4 months' treatment liver function began to deteriorate. It is strongly urged that drugs which interfere with cholesterol synthesis in the body be studied most carefully for long periods before widespread clinical trials to prevent atherosclerosis are attempted.