tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
That Good-Looking Cast-Reply
Authors: Edwin A. Busse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Apparently we can put a man in orbit, or make instrumental measurements of the weight of planets such as Venus, but a sensible approach to a good cast is beyond medical research. Perhaps, if the patient does not complain, then one may say the end justifies the means, which seems to be Dr. Nickel's message, win, lose or draw. Twenty years ago, the late Myron O. Henry, MD, responded to my needling him about a plaster cast for a fractured scaphoid bone. He used a knitted fiber glass, which had to be molded into place with some solvent. It had no gorgeous hue, as has been suggested, but it was as different from plaster as night from day. Plaster casts have a way of developing odors which make the wearer a pariah in any society, and a memorable olfactory experience for his associates. When dining, even with
Doubts About Anticoagulants
Authors: Kenneth D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have been reading articles, letters, and comments on "Anticoagulants in Acute Myocardial Infarction" (225:724, 1973; 226:1010, 1973). Now Dr. McGee (<i>Prism</i>1:43, 1973), in that excellent nostalgic article, comments on the original study. I interned at Cincinnati General in 1947-1948, one year after Dr. McGee, and also basked in the limelight of those famous teachers. We also were permitted to participate in the original anticoagulant study, and it is about that that I wish to write. In the hierarchy of "chiefs and Indians," someone has to do the actual work. At Cincinnati General, the interns were delegated most of the basic work requiring medical competence, and we were assisted by the medical students. In my recollection, everyone in the higher eschelons was a "chief" to a greater or lesser degree. Picture then, if you will, a telephone call in the night to the quarters of a
Selecting Adequate Exposure Biomarkers of Diisononyl and Diisodecyl Phthalates: Data from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Lee-Yang Wong, Manori J. Silva, Ella Samandar, James L. Preau, Lily T. Jia, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

High-molecular-weight phthalates, such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), are used primarily as polyvinyl chloride plasticizers.We assessed exposure to DINP and DIDP in a representative sample of persons ≥ 6 years of age in the U.S. general population from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).We analyzed 2,548 urine samples by using online solid-phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.We detected monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate (MCOP), a metabolite of DINP, and monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCNP), a metabolite of DIDP, in 95.2% and 89.9% of the samples, respectively. We detected monoisononyl phthalate (MNP), a minor metabolite of DINP, much less frequently (12.9%) and at concentration ranges (> 0.8 µg/L-148.1 µg/L) much lower than MCOP (> 0.7 µg/L- 4,961 µg/L). Adjusted geometric mean concentrations of MCOP and MCNP were significantly higher (p < 0.01) among children than among adolescents and adults.The general U.S. population, including children, was exposed to DINP and DIDP. In previous NHANES cycles, the occurrence of human exposure to DINP by using MNP as the sole urinary biomarker has been underestimated, thus illustrating the importance of selecting the most adequate biomarkers for exposure assessment.
D1-01: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) versus no PCI in extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) after response to chemotherapy (EORTC 08993-22993): Quality of life (QoL) results.
Authors: Ben J. Slotman, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Gijs W. Kramer, Elaine Rankin, Michael Snee, Matthew Hatton, Piet Postmus, Gaetan de Schaetzen, Murielle Mauer, Suresh Senan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Reperfusion injury - a reply to Keith Fox
Authors: H. D White
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Reperfusion injury – a reply to Keith Fox Get access Harvey D White Harvey D White Cardiovascular Research, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 7, July 1992, Pages 660–661, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.7.660 Published: 01 July 1992 Article history Accepted: 28 May 1992 Accepted: 28 May 1992 Published: 01 July 1992
ABC of monitoring drug therapy. Digoxin.
Authors: J. K. Aronson, M. Hardman
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The plasma digoxin concentration that will result from a given dose of the drug can be predicted at best with only 34% accuracy, although knowledge of a previous concentration improves the ability to predict subsequent concentrations.In outpatients taking a fixed daily dosage, a steady state plasma digoxin concentrations vary widely (between 0 5 and 3 5 nmol/l).This means that if a target plasma digoxin concentration is desirable measuring the concentration may be useful in tailoring dosages to individual requirements.In this article we apply to digoxin the criteria (described in the previous article on measuring plasma drug concentrations) which must be fulfilled in part or in full before the measurement of its plasma concentration can be considered worth while. Criteria for measurementVe'ntricular rate i'n atrial fibrillation before (top) after (bottom) taking digoxin.uorrelation between percentage cnange in ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and plasma digoxin concentration.* Drug interactions-for example, of digoxin (such as verapamil, quinidine, or amiodarone) the plasma verapamil, quinidine, and amiodarone digoxin concentration will increase.* Impaired metabolism by antibiotics in people in whom significant metabolism of digoxin occurs in the gut Factors affecting interpretationKnowing the plasma digoxin concentration alone is not sufficient for optimal treatment.Several factors change the tissue response to digoxin and must be taken into consideration when interpreting plasma concentrations. Factors which increase tissueElectrolyte disturbances-Hypokalaemia is the most important and sensitivity to digoxin include:commonest factor which increases the sensitivity of the tissues to digoxin.A * Hypokalaemia (for example, due to reduction in plasma potassium concentration from 3 5 to 3 0 mmol/l is diuretics)accompanied by an increase in sensitivity to digoxin of about 50%.This is * Hypercalcaemia such an important factor that the plasma potassium concentration should * Hypothyroidism always be measured with the plasma digoxin concentration.If the * Hypoxia and acidosis potassium concentration is low digoxin toxicity should be assumed without waiting for the plasma digoxin measurement.Hypercalcaemia and Factors which decrease tissue hypomagnesaemia may also be associated with increased tissue sensitivity to sensitivity to digoxin include: digoxin, but the available data are more difficult to interpret.* Hyperkalaemia Thyroid disease-Hypothyroidism increases tissue sensitivity and .Hypocalcaemia hyperthyroidism decreases it.This makes interpretation of the plasma .Hyperthyroidism digoxin concentration very difficult in patients with thyroid disease.
Paper highlights shortage of orthopaedic skill
Authors: J. Ireland
Journal: BMJ (1996)

knee problems referred for imaging in the two groups.In any evaluation such variations in case mix must be carefully controlled for,5 particularly if results form the basis of recommendations for clinical practice.It is curious that there was no orthopaedic input to the study.An orthopaedic consultant with an interest in the knee should be able to sort out most patients with knee pain on clinical grounds.Indeed, for some clinical diagnoses, such as anterior knee pain, magnetic resonance imaging has little proved clinical value.24Not all general practitioners will understand the implications of the findings of magnetic resonance imaging.The sensitivity of imaging for a lateral meniscal lesion, for example, is not particularly high (approximately 08).3Similarly, loose bodies may be missed.The patient may be falsely reassured and appropriate treatment delayed or denied.From the above it might be assumed that we are not enthusiastic about magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.On the contrary, we expect the use of this type of imaging for knee and other problems to continue to increase.We are merely suggesting that widespread use is likely to lead to increased rather than decreased overall costs.When used judiciously, magnetic resonance imaging of the knee has a proved diagnostic and therapeutic impact and is associated with improvements in quality of life.4We consider that patients with knee problems are best served by being seen quickly by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon, who can make appropriate referrals to a radiologist.
Alcohol-Induced Colitis
Authors: J.M. Herrerias, M.A. Muniain, S. Sánchez, M. Garrido
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

Acute colitis following the unintentional administration of an alcohol enema in a 38-year-old woman is reported. To our knowledge this is the first well-documented case of this iatrogenic condition in an adult.
Can Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Improve Plasma Lipids in Women With Diabetes?
Authors: Jennifer G Robinson, Aaron R Folsom, Azmi A Nabulsi, Robert Watson, Frederick L Brancati, Jianwen Cai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of postmenopausal hormone replacement with plasma lipids in diabetic women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from a multiracial population study were used to evaluate the relationship of hormone replacement status with plasma lipids in diabetic (n = 694) versus nondiabetic (n = 5,321) postmenopausal women. RESULTS Although diabetic women who currently used hormone replacement had higher adjusted mean HDL cholesterol levels than those who did not (56.9 vs. 53.6 mg/dl), they had proportionately lower hormone-related increases in HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 cholesterol than did nondiabetic women (HDL cholesterol 64.9 [current users] vs. 55.7 mg/dl [those who never used hormones]). There was a trend toward greater triglyceride values with hormone replacement in diabetic women (156.6 [current users] vs. 125.4 mg/dl [those who never used hormones]) than in nondiabetic women (143.3 [current users] vs. 123.7 mg/dl [those who never used hormones]). LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels were lower and apolipoprotein A-I levels were higher with hormone replacement, to a similar degree in diabetic and nondiabetic women. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic women appear to have a blunted response to the HDL-raising effects of estrogen and an exaggerated hypertriglyceridemic response. This may result in attenuated cardioprotection from postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and potentially an increased risk of acute pancreatitis from hypertriglyceridemia. The risks and benefits of postmenopausal hormone replacement need to be carefully weighed in diabetic women.
A cut price Frankenstein
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2011)

You do not normally associate the name of George Eliot (1819-80) with gothic horror, but she did try it once, in a novella called The Lifted Veil , written in 1859. It is a kind of cut price Frankenstein , exploring the desirability or otherwise of knowledge, especially but not only of foreknowledge.

The narrator is a man of indeterminate but not advanced age called Lattimer, who foresees his own death and wants to disburden himself of his story before he dies. He begins, “The time of my end approaches. I have lately been subject to attacks of angina pectoris , and in the ordinary course of things, my physician tells me, I …
Serial killer: angiotensin drives cardiac hypertrophy via TGF-β1
Authors: Michael D. Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

How a seemingly simple signal -work load -becomes transduced into longterm structural, functional, and molecular responses that sustain or impair the performance of the heart is the defining enigma in cardiac hypertrophy (1, 2).Much is now known of this ensemble of responses, which encompass dozens if not hundreds of changes in cardiac gene expression, including sarcomeric proteins, ion pumps and channels, enzymes, and peptide growth factors and cytokines.These last, soluble, factors provide opportunity for both feedback and feed-forward relationships and are attractive, conceptually, as at least a partial explanation of the hypertrophic phenotype.First, growth factor signaling cascades are better understood in fundamental terms than is mechanical signal transduction, especially given the present lack of clarity as to how and where load is sensed in the heart.Second, secreted signals provide an intuitively plausible explanation for the cross-talk among cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, and the vasculature.Third, secreted signals provide a readily exploited site for therapeutic intervention: interfering with ligand-receptor interaction.
Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis, Physiologic Abnormalities, and the Carrier Problem.
Authors: T. E. Woodward
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis, Physiologic Abnormalities, and the Carrier Problem.T. E. Woodward, M.D., F.A.C.P.T. E. Woodward, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-693_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTyphoid fever continues to ravage mankind, and, although its attacks have been combatted therapeutically, serious complications and death occur, there is no completely effective vaccine, and the carrier problem is unsolved.Studies in volunteers, designed to ascertain the effectiveness of typhoid vaccine, have permitted critical appraisal of the clinical disease, its variability, and physiologic alterations. Bacteremia often occurs prior to the onset of symptoms, and response to therapy is prompt. There appears to be no relationship between the height of the antibody titer (O and H) and the ability to isolateSalmonella typhosafrom the blood during first infection or... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. (CS) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 693-693KeywordsBacteremiaBloodHyperthermiaPathogenesisSalmonellaTyphoidVaccines Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Poststreptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis: Fact and Controversy
Authors: ALLEN R. NISSENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis is prototypic of the immunologic glomerulonephritides. It most commonly follows streptococcal infection of the pharynx or skin. The diagnosis is usually not difficult when a nephritic clinical presentation (with such manifestations as hematuria, edema, and hypertension) is associated with serologic evidence of recent streptococcal infection and a depressed serum complement concentration. Currently, however, the nephritogenic antigen(s) has not been identified and has not been shown to be the same antigen for all nephritogenic streptococci; it may not even be a part of the infecting organism. The development of a vaccine to prevent this illness from occurring is therefore still not possible. Whether poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis progresses to chronic renal failure is still uncertain. Painstaking laboratory research together with careful, prospective long-term follow-up studies of patients with poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis may provide some of the answers to these critical questions.
Bitumens and bitumen emissions, and some heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Beatrice Lauby-Secretan, Robert Baan, Yann Grosse, Fatiha El Ghissassi, Véronique Bouvard, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Neela Guha, Laurent Galichet, Kurt Straif
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
Metastasis to the Site of Recent Trauma
Authors: Barry Benisch
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Clinical presentation of occult malignancy by remote metastases is common. This brief report concerns an unusual clinical syndrome in which the initial manifestation of an unsuspected visceral cancer was related to peripheral trauma. <h3>Report of Cases.—</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 74-year-old white man was well until April 1970, when he fell from a ladder and injured his left knee. There was gradual improvement of the knee for a few weeks following the accident, but then tenderness and swelling recurred. This progressively worsened, and he was admitted on Aug 20 for study. Abnormal findings on physical examination were limited to the left knee. It showed a fusiform, firm, fixed mass which crossed the joint line posteriomedically and measured 10×5×5 cm. A wedge biopsy showed metastatic carcinoma, suggestive of pulmonary origin. A barium enema, x-ray film series of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and intravenous pyelogram (IVP) were normal. An x-ray
If Cardiologists Take Care of Patients With Heart Disease, What Do Hospitalists Treat?: Hospitalists and the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Armand H. Matheny Antommaria, Rajendu Srivastava
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2006)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENT Dr. Srivastava is a Primary Children's Medical Center Foundation Scholar. This research was supported in part by the Children's Health Research Center, University of Utah.
Dietary Fiber and Coronary Heart Disease Prevention
Authors: Eric Rimm
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —Although we cannot address all of the factors associated with fiber discussed by Dr Fruhbeck, we recently expanded the food composition database for our semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire to include phytates and several flavonoid compounds (ie, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and apigenin). For each of these compounds, we derived average daily intake using food composition tables based on published analyses of flavonoids 1,2 and phytates 3 and supplemented these with values from additional US foods sent to the same reference laboratories. Adding quintiles of total flavonoid to our main multivariate model did not appreciably alter the relative risk (RR) for dietary fiber. When we added quintiles of phytate into our multivariate model, the RR for total dietary fiber was marginally attenuated from 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.87) to 0.71 (95% CI, 0.50-1.00). Because the specific RR for a high vs low intake of phytate (RR, 0.90; 95% CI,
Abstract LB-45: Multiple melanoma suppressors are downregulated by loss of human chromosome 10.
Authors: Lawrence N. Kwong, Lynda Chin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Increasingly high-resolution genomic studies have made it clear that recurrent focal deletions and amplifications in cancer can selectively target specific oncogenes and tumor suppressors. In melanoma, MITF, MDM2, BRAF, CDKN2A, and PTEN are some of the more well-validated oncogenes and tumor suppressors that are targeted by such focal copy number-changing aberrations. However, there are also many recurrent large losses and gains that affect up to whole chromosome arms. One hypothesis is that, in targeting single genes such as PTEN, large chromosomal losses may inadvertently hit other loci. However, gathering evidence is pointing towards a possible functional role for these other collateral loci in affecting tumor progression. Here, we ask whether recurrent losses in melanoma may broadly target multiple tumor suppressors acting at different steps in tumor progression. We demonstrate via in vivo and in vitro shRNA screens that multiple genes on human chromosome 10, other than PTEN, affect both tumor growth and invasion. Citation Format: Lawrence N. Kwong, Lynda Chin. Multiple melanoma suppressors are downregulated by loss of human chromosome 10. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-45. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-45
CEREBRAL SYPHILIS IN CHILDHOOD.
Authors: ARTHUR WILLARD FAIRBANKS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>Case 31.</h3> —Boy, 9 months. Father syphilitic.<sup>26</sup> Fever and general convulsions repeated at interval of few days, with blindness between attacks. Great restlessness. In 2 months complete blindness from beginning optic atrophy. Specific treatment was followed in few weeks by returning sight and in 11 months complete cure. <h3>Case 32.</h3> —Girl 12 years. Father syphilitic.<sup>27</sup> Well to fourth year, then apoplectic attack with right hemiplegia, including face and loss of speech, passing off in eight weeks, leaving some weakness of arm. In sixth year diminution of sight, weakness in legs, ataxia in arms and legs, especially in gait. Seventh to eleventh year learned well at school but finally completely blind. Twelfth year frequent vomiting followed by intense headaches. Attacks of vertigo. Three months later, epileptiform convulsions. Falls, unconscious, tonic spasm of entire body, incontinence of urine, followed by sleep, recurring every one to two weeks. Severe vertigo. Three
Quality of Life in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Measurement by the Medical Outcomes Study Instrument
Authors: Tom Wachtel, John Piette, Vincent Mor, Michael Stein, John Fleishman, Charles Carpenter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Short Form Health Survey as an indicator for quality of life in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Design: Patient interview survey. Setting: The AIDS Health Services Program in seven sites: Newark and Jersey City, New Jersey; Nassau County, New York; Atlanta, Georgia; Dallas, Texas; Fort Lauderdale and Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Seattle, Washington. Patients: Patients (520) with HIV infection receiving health services at one of the above sites. Measurements: All components of the MOS Short Form Health Survey were included in the interview. Minor modifications were made to adapt the survey to the particular circumstances of the study. Measured sociodemographic characteristics included age, sex, race, intravenous drug use, and education. Symptoms were assessed by closed-ended questions concerning memory, seizure, weakness or numbness, fever, chills, diaphoreses, dyspnea, diarrhea, and weight loss. Information on the frequency of symptoms was also collected History of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi sarcoma was noted. Main Results: The sociodemographic characteristics resemble those of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) reported to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC): mean age, 36; men, 89%; nonwhite, 31%; intravenous drug use, 34%. Neurologic symptoms (memory trouble, seizures, weakness or numbness) occurred in 71 % of patients; constitutional symptoms (fever, chills, night sweats, weight loss) in 69%; dyspnea in 50%; and diarrhea in 47%. Although older age, female sex, nonwhite race, and intravenous drug use were associated with lower MOS scores in several areas, the strongest single or adjusted indicator of lower MOS scores was the presence of symptoms. Finally, patients with HIV infection had significantly lower scores than did previously reported patients with other chronic medical conditions (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The MOS survey is a reliable measure of quality of life for patients with HIV infection. These patients tend to have low scores, suggesting validity of the survey. The MOS survey is extremely sensitive to the effect of symptoms, which suggests that it might be useful as a quality-of-life indicator for AIDS clinical drug trials.