tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-Mobility Group A1 Proteins Inhibit Expression of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A
Authors: Jennifer E. Adair, Scott C. Maloney, Gregory A. Dement, Kelsey J. Wertzler, Michael J. Smerdon, Raymond Reeves
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Cells that overexpress high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) proteins exhibit deficient nucleotide excision repair (NER) after exposure to DNA-damaging agents, a condition ameliorated by artificially lowering intracellular levels of these nonhistone proteins. One possible mechanism for this NER inhibition is down-regulation of proteins involved in NER, such as xeroderma pigmentosum complimentation group A (XPA). Microarray and reverse transcription-PCR data indicate a 2.6-fold decrease in intracellular XPA mRNA in transgenic MCF-7 cells overexpressing HMGA1 proteins compared with non–HMGA1-expressing cells. XPA protein levels are also ∼3-fold lower in HMGA1-expressing MCF-7 cells. Moreover, whereas a &amp;gt;2-fold induction of XPA proteins is observed in normal MCF-7 cells 30 min after UV exposure, no apparent induction of XPA protein is observed in MCF-7 cells expressing HMGA1. Mechanistically, we present both chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter site-specific mutagenesis evidence linking HMGA1 to repression of XPA transcription via binding to a negative regulatory element in the endogenous XPA gene promoter. Phenotypically, HMGA1-expressing cells exhibit compromised removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesions, a characteristic of cells that express low levels of XPA. Importantly, we show that restoring expression of wild-type XPA in HMGA1-expressing cells rescues UV resistance comparable with that of normal MCF-7 cells. Together, these data provide strong experimental evidence that HMGA1 proteins are involved in inhibiting XPA expression, resulting in increased UV sensitivity in cells that overexpress these proteins. Because HMGA1 proteins are overexpressed in most naturally occurring cancers, with increasing cellular concentrations correlating with increasing metastatic potential and poor patient prognosis, the current findings provide new insights into previously unsuspected mechanisms contributing to tumor progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6044–52]
The Economic Impact of Clean Indoor Air Laws
Authors: M. Eriksen, F. Chaloupka
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

Clean indoor air laws are easily implemented, are well accepted by the public, reduce nonsmoker exposure to secondhand smoke, and contribute to a reduction in overall cigarette consumption. There are currently thousands of clean indoor air laws throughout the Unites States, and the majority of Americans live in areas where smoking is completely prohibited in workplaces, restaurants, or bars. The vast majority of scientific evidence indicates that there is no negative economic impact of clean indoor air policies, with many studies finding that there may be some positive effects on local businesses. This is despite the fact that tobacco industry-sponsored research has attempted to create fears to the contrary. Further progress in the diffusion of clean indoor air laws will depend on the continued documentation of the economic impact of clean indoor air laws, particularly within the hospitality industry. This article reviews the spread of clean indoor air laws, the effect on public health, and the scientific evidence of the economic impact of implementation of clean indoor air laws.
Public Health Problems in the Olympic Games Setting
Authors: Clayton L. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1968)

At dusk on Oct 11, 1968, a flame brought from Greece will be placed on the Temple at Quetzalcoatl in the city of Teotihuacan, 25 miles north of Mexico City. The XIX Olympiad will begin the next day and continue through Oct 27. Following the placement of the Olympic torch on the temple, there will be a giant ballet portraying the ancient Aztec legend that the periodic rebirth of new fire conveys the promise of the gods of continued life for mankind. Because both the XIX Olympiad and the cultural Olympiad are to be held in Mexico this year, it is estimated that at least 200,000 tourists will visit our neighboring country in the month of October. You and your patients may ask if there are special medically related problems to be encountered in Mexico. If problems are anticipated, then they may be either prevented or adequately cared for. Those
(13) Deep granuloma annulare
Authors: O. Scott, P. Coburn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Langerhans cell-mononuclear cell contacts in the epidermis were analysed in minimum positive allergic and toxic patch tests after 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. No differences between allergic and toxic patch tests were observed in the appearance of Langerhans cells or in the number of Langerhans cell-mononuclear cell contacts. Thus, Langerhans cell-mononuclear cell contacts are not specific for contact allergic reactions, as has previously been suggested.
Employment status after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: A Oberman, J B Wayne, N T Kouchoukos, E D Charles, R O Russell, W J Rogers
Journal: Circulation (1982)

With a few exceptions, prevailing data on return to work after coronary artery bypass surgery indicate no net gain in employment status for at least several years after the operation. Despite the improved surgical experience and advances in the medical management of postoperative patients, only limited employment benefits occur after surgery, and no gains in work rehabilitation over the past decade have been noted. Several characteristics--preoperative work status, nonwork income, occupation, relief of symptoms, age, perception of health, education and severity of disease--appear to be important for estimating the likelihood of employment after surgery. Other influences, such as attitudes of the family, employers and physicians, undoubtedly alter the probability of return to the work force, but are less well documented. Unless constructive approaches toward work rehabilitation are made, the possibility of return to gainful employment should not be considered an indication for or a necessary consequence of coronary artery bypass surgery.
A New Method for Radionuclide Imaging of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Humans
Authors: ROBERT W. PARKEY, FREDERICK J. BONTE, STEVEN L. MEYER, JAMES M. ATKINS, GEORGE L. CURRY, ERNEST M. STOKELY, JAMES T. WILLERSON
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A new method of visualizing acute myocardial infarction in humans following intravenous injection of 15 mCi-5 mg of 99m Tc stannous pyrophosphate in 23 patients is reported. Fifteen patients had histories suggestive of acute myocardial infarction and subsequently developed electrocardiogram and enzyme changes that confirmed the clinical diagnosis. Eleven of the 15 patients were scanned 3-5 days postinfarction, and all had positive scintigrams. The four remaining patients were scanned 7-10 days after their myocardial infarction; two had positive scintigrams. In those 8 patients with chest pain but without ECG and enzyme changes suggestive of myocardial infarction, scintigrams were negative. Positive scintigrams in the patients with myocardial infarction are thought to be due to incorporation of pyrophosphate into the crystalline structure of the hydroxyapatite found within the mitochondria of irreversibly damaged myocardial cells. The location of the acute myocardial infarction by scintigram correlated well with ECG localization in the 13 patients with positive scintigrams. This imaging method shows promise in 1) identifying the presence of acute myocardial infarction in patients with chest pain, 2) determining the location of acute myocardial infarction with a high degree of accuracy, 3) detecting the extension of the infarction, and 4) the possibility of determining the size of acute myocardial infarctions.
Reply to Dr. Yao et al.
Authors: A. Ohashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We thank Dr. Yao et al. for their interest in our article [1]. In their letter, Dr. Yao et al. point out some problems associated with our article that they believe need to be resolved. First, they mentioned the cases excluded from our study. We excluded 61 out of 132 cases because the quality of the images was not good enough. They stated that magnification endoscopy has enough resolution for visualization of the capillary network in 100 % of cases. We regret that we were not able to visualize the microvascular pattern in all cases because of problems such as difficulties with focus, bleeding, and location of the lesions. It is true that we did have a high number of excluded cases, and we believe that technical improvements are necessary in order to obtain images of good enough quality to be eligible for our image analysis.
Mitochondrial ROS deficiency and diabetic complications: AMP[K]-lifying the adaptation to hyperglycemia
Authors: Dwight A. Towler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Global, sustained production of ROS has deleterious effects on tissue structure and function and gives rise to biochemical and physiological changes associated with organ senescence. Specific, localized ROS metabolites generated by mitochondria and NADPH oxidases also transduce homeostatic information in response to metabolic, mechanical, and inflammatory cues. In this issue of the JCI, Dugan and colleagues demonstrate that mitochondrial-derived ROS, which is maintained by a feed-forward AMP kinase activation cascade, is reduced in diabetes and plays an adaptive role in preserving renal glomerular function during hyperglycemia. This enlightened view of mitochondrial ROS biology forces us to reconsider therapeutic approaches to metabolic disease complications such as diabetic nephropathy.
Direct stenting improves target lesion revascularization in saphenous vein graft lesions: an intravascular ultrasound-guided study
Authors: Andrea S. Abizaid, Roxana Mehran, Gary S. Mintz, Alexandra J. Lansky, Gregg W. Stone, Alexandre Abizaid, George Dangas, Thos Limpijankit, Yanis Iakovou, Jeffrey Moses, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Recognition of Syphilis
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The poor results obtained by Thomas A. Chapel, MD, in "Physician Recognition of the Signs and Symptoms of Secondary Syphilis" (1981;246:250) are not surprising. I dare say the recognition rate would have been no better for chancre, unless it appeared on the penile location. Perhaps what is needed is a memory slot to bring syphilis to mind. One such "law" goes roughly as follows: There is a basic contradiction between the cardinal sign and the expected symptom of both primary and secondary syphilis. The primary chancre looks painful but is not; the secondary rash looks pruritic but is not. There are exceptions, of course, but it seems to help keep lues in mind.
Atorvastatin does not exhibit antiviral activity against HCV at conventional doses: A pilot clinical trial
Authors: Jacqueline G. O'Leary, Jessica L. Chan, Cory M. McMahon, Raymond T. Chung
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Cholesterol biosynthesis is an integral part of HCV RNA replication. Not only does HCV RNA replicate on lipid rafts, but it also requires cholesterol intermediates to replicate. In addition, it has been shown in vitro that several HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can decrease HCV RNA replication by ≥ 1 log. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on HCV RNA levels. In this prospective clinical trial, where patients served as their own control, 10 HCV-infected patients who required treatment for high cholesterol were given 20 mg atorvastatin per day. Although serum cholesterol and LDL predictably decreased significantly, there was no statistically significant change in week 4 and week 12 HCV RNA levels compared to pretreatment HCV RNA levels by the paired Student t test. It is unclear whether the addition of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to interferon or a more potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis may be required to inhibit HCV RNA replication in vivo. In conclusion, atorvastatin, and likely all HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, does not inhibit HCV RNA replication in vivo at conventional doses. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:895–898.)
Office Treatment of Rectal and Anal Diseases
Authors: Grant V. Rodkey
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Considering the role of the rectum and anus as a conduit for excretion of gaseous, liquid, or solid waste with high concentrations of infective bacteria, their functions are remarkably efficient and trouble-free. In fact, discrimination, continence, and defecation are accomplished largely at reflex levels with acute consciousness of anorectal function being reserved for states of deliberate continence of defecation, malfunction, or disease.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Normal Physiology</h3> In the resting state, anus and rectum are empty and collapsed with their side walls closely approximated. The sigmoid colon, a narrowed segment with relatively high intraluminal pressure, functions as a partial sphincter to retain bowel content in the proximal reservoir of descending colon. Increased intra-abdominal pressure with muscular exertion or straining tends to collapse even more tightly the walls of the empty rectum above the levator muscles to reinforce the mechanisms of continence. In addition, the internal sphincter of the anus maintains a state
Infected Developmental Cyst of the Esophagus Mimicking Stromal Cell Tumor
Authors: M. T. Soria, A. Ginès, I. Blesa, J. Llach, G. Fernández-Esparrach, M. Pellisé, L. Argüello, R. Miquel, M. Pera, J. M. Bordas
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

A 38-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of low grade fever and atypical chest pain. Barium swallow findings were consistent with a submucosal tumor in the distal esophagus and endoscopic examination showed a submucosal lesion without mucosal abnormalities close to the esophagogastric junction.
ACE genotype and progression of IgA nephropathy
Authors: ZbigniewA. Gaciong, Piotr Religa, Grzegorz Placha, Krzysztof Rell, Leszek Paczek, I.H. Khan, A.M. MacLeod, T.R. Ringrose, T. Thomas, R. Wilkinson, Alan Jardine, Paul Harden, Michael Boulton-Jones, JohnM.C. Connell, Tatsuo Fukushima, Shinsuke Nomura, Shinichiro Kawai, Gengo Osawa, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Most religious followers support assisted suicide for the dying
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A large survey in the United Kingdom has found that a majority of those people who said that they followed a religion—64%—think that there should be a change in the law to allow assisted suicide for people who are terminally ill. Only among Baptists and Muslims was there a majority against such a change.

The survey of nearly 4500 adults, 3000 of whom were religious, found that the greatest support for a legislative change was among those who did not have a religion—of 1630 people who said that they did not …
Basic fibroblast growth factor in asthma: Measurement in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid basally and following allergen challenge
Authors: Anthony E. Redington, William R. Roche, Jacqueline Madden, Anthony J. Frew, Ratko Djukanovic, Stephen T. Holgate, Peter H. Howarth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
What Should the Clinician Expect from the Microbiology Laboratory?
Authors: HAROLD C. NEU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Many physicians do not know what they should expect from the microbiology laboratoy. What physicians need from the microbiology laboratory varies according to type of patient and type of physician. The laboratory should provide information that will affect clinical management guidelines for obtaining specimens, microbial identification, antimicrobial susceptibilities, rapid collection of material, and reporting of data and educational updating. Data are needed to establish how the physician responds to microbiologic reports.
Short-Term Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Individuals With Lynch Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mark A. Jenkins, James G. Dowty, Driss Ait Ouakrim, John D. Mathews, John L. Hopper, Youenn Drouet, Christine Lasset, Valérie Bonadona, Aung Ko Win
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

For carriers of germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, the most relevant statistic for cancer prevention is colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) risk, particularly in the short term.We conducted a meta-analysis of all independent published Lynch syndrome studies reporting age- and sex-dependent colorectal cancer risks. We estimated 5-year colorectal cancer risk over different age groups, separately for male and female mutation carriers, and number needed to screen to prevent one death.We pooled estimates from analyses of 1,114 Lynch syndrome families (508 with MLH1 mutations and 606 with MSH2 mutations). On average, one in 71 male and one in 102 female MLH1 or MSH2 mutation carriers in their 20s will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the next 5 years. These colorectal cancer risks increase with age, peaking in the 50s (one in seven males and one in 12 females), and then decrease with age (one in 13 males and one in 19 females in their 70s). Annual colonoscopy in 16 males or 25 females in their 50s would prevent one death from colorectal cancer over 5 years while resulting in almost no serious complications. In comparison, annual colonoscopy in 155 males or 217 females in their 20s would prevent one death while resulting in approximately one serious complication.For MLH1 or MSH2 mutation carriers, current guidelines recommend colonoscopy every 1 to 2 years starting in their 20s. Our findings support this regimen from age 30 years; however, it might not be justifiable for carriers who are in their 20s.
Mucosal tears on endoscopic insufflation
Authors: K Hata, T Watanabe, T Kanazawa, S Kazama, D Shida, H Nagawa
Journal: Gut (2003)

We read the paper by Cruz-Correa et al ( Gut 2002; 51 :600) with great interest. They reported that similar haemorrhagic lacerations in the colon had not been described in any other gastrointestinal disease. We would like to present a patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) and diversion colitis showing an identical endoscopic finding.

A 32 year old Japanese man suffering from UC for 11 years was referred to our hospital in 1997 for treatment of intractable UC. His past medical history and family history were unremarkable. He had received more than 20 g of oral steroid at the time of referral. Furthermore, his condition was not relieved with medical treatment, and he underwent subtotal colectomy with ileostomy …
A Medical Treatment for Diacetylmorphine (Heroin) Addiction
Authors: Vincent P. Dole
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A group of 22 patients, previously addicted to diacetylmorphine (heroin), have been stabilized with oral methadone hydrochloride. This medication appears to have two useful effects: (1) relief of narcotic hunger, and (2) induction of sufficient tolerance to block the euphoric effect of an average illegal dose of diacetylmorphine. With this medication, and a comprehensive program of rehabilitation, patients have shown marked improvement; they have returned to school, obtained jobs, and have become reconciled with their families. Medical and psychometric tests have disclosed no signs of toxicity, apart from constipation. This treatment requires careful medical supervision and many social services. In our opinion, both the medication and the supporting program are essential.
Radionuclide Imaging in Hip Abnormalities
Authors: ALAIN GAUCHER, JEAN-NO??L COLOMB, AMAR NAOUN, JACQUES POUREL, JACQUES ROBERT, GILBERT FAURE, PATRICK NETTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

The uptake of Tc-99m-diphosphonate was studied topographically and quantitatively on 258 diseased hips. For many diseased hips, bone scintigraphy provides items of information that complement the clinical, radiological, and biological data, with which it should always be compared. The localization, extent, and intensity of the uptake differ greatly according to the hip disorder studied, and depend not only on the cause of the lesion but also on its stage of evolution. Bone scintigraphy can shed light on the etiologic diagnosis of a painful hip at the beginning of its evolution, before definite roentgenographic signs appear, thanks to some very precise characteristics of the uptake, this is the case for transient osteoporosis of the hip, aseptic osteonecrosis, Legg-Perthes disease, early arthritis of the hip joint, and stress fractures of the femoral neck or of the pubic rami.
Abstract 4935: A quantitative model to study cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation between MCF-7 and LNCaP
Authors: Yuwen Liu, Jie Zhou, Kevin P. White
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Transcriptional regulation lies at the heart of biological processes. To further understand the regulatory mechanism, we are studying the transcriptional networks of nuclear receptors in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Based on whole-genome gene expression microarray data, we observed very different transcriptional programs induced by ligands of nuclear receptors between these two cell lines. In order to systematically explain cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation, we are trying to build a quantitative model to predict gene expression in different cellular contexts under different ligand stimulations. The model will be trained using data including genomic binding sites of nuclear receptors (ChIP-Seq), and time-series expression of nuclear receptors, cofactors and their target genes (Nanostring). The output of the model will be gene expression trajectories after ligand treatments in the two cell lines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4935. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4935
King of the media shrink pack?
Authors: P. S Tamber
Journal: BMJ (1996)

At 32 Raj Persaud is one of Britain's youngest consultant psychiatrists, has eight degrees and diplomas including a master's in philosophy, a master's in statistics, and a first in psychology, and is the “king of the media shrink pack” according to the Independent on Sunday.

Since 1990 Dr Persaud's media interests have escalated from an occasional article in the Guardian to a weekly column in the Daily Mail, a weekly slot on Talk Radio, and weekly appearances on Granada's This Morning. As well as all this he occasionally writes for the Times and is asked for comment by Radio 4's Today programme and All In The Mind and the BBC World Service. When he's not monopolising psychiatry in the media he's a consultant at the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, south London.

His passion for psychiatry is relentless. He's keen to emphasise the need for a broad training. And when he says broad he means broad. At 17 he enrolled at University College London full of expectations. Rapidly disillusioned by the rigid structure of a medical degree …