tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
M2A Wireless Capsule Endoscopy for Diagnosing Ulcerative Jejunoileitis Complicating Celiac Disease
Authors: P. Apostolopoulos, G. Alexandrakis, E. Giannakoulopoulou, C. Kalantzis, I. Papanikolaou, C. Markoglou, N. Kalantzis
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

M2A wireless capsule endoscopy (Given Imaging, Ltd., Yoqneam, Israel) is an innovative diagnostic method that makes it possible to visualize the entire small bowel during normal peristalsis [1]. This new method appears to be superior to small-bowel radiography (enteroclysis or barium follow-through, or both) for evaluating small-bowel diseases [2] [3]. However, its true diagnostic yield is still under evaluation. We describe here the case of a 76-year-old man with a 5-year history of celiac disease, who initially had complete clinical remission and histological improvement after switching to a gluten-free diet, but whose symptoms subsequently recurred despite strict adherence to dietary restrictions.
Reduction in Myocardial Ischemia with Nitroglycerin or Nitroglycerin plus Phenylephrine Administered during Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jeffrey S. Borer, David R. Redwood, Barrie Levitt, Norman Cagin, Christian Bianchi, Hans Vallin, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Nitroglycerin reduces ischemic injury during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in dogs — an effect that is potentiated when drug-induced hypotension and tachycardia are prevented with phenylephrine. To determine the effectiveness of nitroglycerin, alone or with phenylephrine, during AMI in man, 12 patients (five of whom had left heart failure) were evaluated by summing ST-segment abnormalities (σST) from 35 precordial electrodes. The seven patients without heart failure did not benefit consistently from nitroglycerin alone; however, addition of phenylephrine to abolish nitroglycerin-induced arterial pressure reduction uniformly diminished σST(4.9 to 3.2 mv; P < 0.05). In patients with heart failure, nitroglycerin alone consistently reduced ischemia (5.8 to 4.4mv, P < 0.05); addition of phenylephrine often partially reversed this effect. Thus, administration of nitroglycerin, alone or with phenylephrine, can reduce myocardial ischemic injury during AMI in man; however, the response to phenylephrine depends on the presence or absence of left ventricular failure before treatment. (N Engl J Med 293:1008–1012,1975)
Local recurrence after endoscopic mucosal resection of nonpedunculated colorectal lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tim Belderbos, Max Leenders, Leon Moons, Peter Siersema
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Local recurrence has been observed after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of nonpedunculated colorectal lesions. The indications for follow-up colonoscopy and the optimal time interval are currently unclear. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the frequency of local recurrence after EMR, to identify risk factors for recurrence, and to provide follow-up recommendations. <b>Methods:</b> A literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. EMR was defined as endoscopic snare resection after submucosal fluid injection for removal of nonpedunculated adenomas and early carcinomas. Local recurrence was subdivided into early recurrence (detected at the first follow-up colonoscopy) and late recurrence (detected after ≥ 1 previous normal colonoscopy). A random effects meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled estimate of risk of recurrence. <b>Results:</b> A total of 33 studies were included. The mean recurrence risk after EMR was 15 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 12 % – 19 %). Recurrence risk was higher after piecemeal resection (20 %; 95 %CI 16 % – 25 %) than after en bloc resection (3 %; 95 %CI 2 % – 5 %; <i>P</i> < 0.0001). In 15 studies that differentiated between early and late recurrences, 152/173 recurrences (88 %) occurred early. In four studies with follow-up at 3, 6, and ≥ 12 months, 19/25 (76 %) recurrences were detected at 3 months, increasing to 24 (96 %) at 6 months. In multivariable analysis, only piecemeal resection was associated with recurrence (3 of 3 studies). <b>Conclusion:</b> Local recurrence after EMR of nonpedunculated colorectal lesions occurs in 3 % of en bloc resections and 20 % of piecemeal resections. Piecemeal resection was the only independent risk factor for recurrence. As more than 90 % of recurrences are detected at 6 months after EMR, we propose that 6 months is the optimal initial follow-up interval.
Insulin Antibody Responses After Long-Term Intraperitoneal Insulin Administration via Impiantatile Programmable Insulin Delivery Systems
Authors: Craig L Olsen, Eve Chan, Dee S Turner, Mohamed Iravani, Maria Nagy, Jean-Louis Selam, Nathan D Wong, Ken Waxman, M Arthur Charles
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether insulin antibodies are generated in diabetic patients after short- and long-term intraperitoneal insulin use and, if so, whether they are of potential clinical interest. Insulin antibodies commonly develop in diabetic patients who use subcutaneous human insulin, although their clinical significance remains controversial. Few data are available regarding insulin antibody responses to intraperitoneal insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied insulin antibody levels and clinical diabetes control in 25 type 1 diabetic patients treated for 3-6 years with intraperitoneal surfactant-stabilized porcine modified human insulin delivered by implantable programmable insulin delivery systems. RESULTS All patients had preimplantation insulin antibody levels &amp;lt;20 μU/ml, with a mean value of 2 ± 2 μU/ml (1 SD). Mean antibody levels increased throughout the study period to a mean maximum of 197 ± 326 μU/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.02) with 11 of 25 (44%) patients' levels exceeding 20 μU/ml (insulin responders). The mean time to significant antibody development was 21.8 ± 4.4 months. Of the 11 responder patients, 4 had clinical syndromes that consisted of increasing daily insulin requirements and/or nocturnal hypoglycemia despite minimal nighttime basal insulin infusion rates associated with peak antibody levels &amp;gt;200 μU/ml. None of the nonresponder patients (antibody levels &amp;lt;20 (μU/ml) had these clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that insulin antibody levels observed during intraperitoneal administration of human insulin are 1) similar to those reported during subcutaneous administration; although the rise in antibody level may be delayed compared with subcutaneous human insulin, 2) associated with a patient subset who are insulin antibody responders after switching from subcutaneous to intraperitoneal human insulin, 3) associated with a decrease in levels among responder patients regardless of whether they discontinue or continue pump use, and 4) associated with increased insulin needs and/or nocturnal hypoglycemia despite minimal basal rate insulin infusion at nighttime when antibody levels exceed 200 μU/ml.
Presence of a Ventricular Septal Defect and the Mustard Operation Are Risk Factors for Late Mortality After the Atrial Switch Operation
Authors: Rüdiger Lange, Jürgen Hörer, Martin Kostolny, Julie Cleuziou, Manfred Vogt, Raymonde Busch, Klaus Holper, Hans Meisner, John Hess, Christian Schreiber
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Survival and functional status of patients with transposition of the great arteries treated by atrial switch are reported to be reasonably good within the first 15 postoperative years. However, in some patients, the function of the systemic right ventricle deteriorates, leading to significant morbidity or even to late mortality. This study seeks to identify risk factors for late death.Records of 329 patients after the Senning operation and 88 after the Mustard operation at a single center were retrospectively reviewed for demographic, anatomic, and echocardiographic predictors and outcomes. Mean follow-up interval was 19.1+/-6.5 years and was 95% complete. Survival 25 years after the Mustard procedure was 75.9+/-4.8% and after the Senning procedure was 90.9+/-2.3% (P=0.002). Mustard patients died more often of arrhythmia than Senning patients (P<0.001) and needed more baffle-related reoperations (P<0.0001). Ventricular septal defect closure at the time of the atrial switch operation (hazard rate=2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 4.7; P=0.025) and the Mustard operation (hazard rate=2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 3.8; P=0.045) emerged as independent risk factors for late mortality in multivariate analysis. At follow-up, 85.8% of the patients led a normal life with full-time work, and 11.8% were able to do part-time work. Only 2.4% experienced noticeable limitation of activities.Our patient data reveal satisfactory results at long term in this historic collective. Patients who had undergone ventricular septal defect closure at the time of the atrial switch operation and those who had undergone a Mustard operation are at higher risk for late death. Close follow-up, especially of these subgroups, is warranted.
Juvenile Diabetes and Its Management: Family, Social, and Academic Implications
Authors: Donnell D. Etzwiler
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Questionnaires completed by 72 juvenile diabetics, their parents, teachers, camp counselors, and physicians gave further insight into the family, social, academic, and medical implications of the disease. The practices of management and roles of the various family members in the care of the child's disease, and the child's adjustment are described. Many of the children and their parents lacked knowledge of the fundamental principles of the disease. This suggests that the physician should take a more aggressive role in the supervision and teaching of the young diabetic and his family.
Abstract LB-201: Nuclear localization of Src, androgen receptor and PSA in prostate cancer
Authors: Parmita Saxena, Tao Wang, Dave S. Adams, Daniel Gioeli, Thomas J. FitzGerald, Lucia R. Languino
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Src signaling plays an important role in prostate cancer (PrCa) progression. Dasatinib, an oral src family kinase inhibitor, is being tested in patients with PrCa in several Phase II and III clinical trials. It has been shown that src interacts with androgen receptor (AR) and enhances AR transactivation. Although it has been shown that src promotes AR activity, the underlying pathway has not been defined. To characterize the src-AR pathway, we first analyzed the localization of src, AR, and Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA, an AR target gene). Using sub-cellular fractionation and immunofluorescence, p-src and src were found in the nucleus, apart from their normal cytoplasmic localization, in androgen-dependent LNCaP cells upon androgen stimulation or deprivation conditions. Also, their localization was not affected by androgen stimulation. Similar to src and p-src, AR as well as pSer81-AR (an AR site indirectly phosphorylated by src) were found in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm. Unexpectedly, we found PSA localization in the nucleus upon androgen stimulation in LNCaP and C4-2B cells as well as in the nucleus of C4-2B cells upon androgen deprivation. We further studied the effect of src on AR activity by transfection of dominant negative src (SrcK298M) in LNCaP and androgen-independent C4-2B cells. Transfection with SrcK298M did not affect PSA expression in LNCaP cells whereas in C4-2B cells SrcK298M transfection inhibited PSA expression. These data show that src is required for AR activity and, consequently, PSA expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, but not in androgen-dependent cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that the nuclear co-localization of p-src, AR and PSA might allow macromolecular interactions which can further enhance AR transactivation and promote disease progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-201.
EGGS AS A SOURCE OF VITAMIN B
Authors: THOMAS B. OSBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

That hen's eggs contain vitamins is evident from experiments conducted long before the importance of these food factors in nutrition was recognized. Thus, in 1891, Socin<sup>1</sup>reported having successfully fed mice on a mixture of starch, cellulose and egg yolk for ninety-nine days, and he believed that they could have continued to thrive on this diet. Following the discovery of experimental polyneuritis in birds, egg products were repeatedly tested, with successful outcome, for their antineuritic potency.<sup>2</sup> As the white of egg is said to contain no vitamin,<sup>3</sup>the yolk acquires the preeminent interest in respect to this factor. One finds the statement that the yolk is "especially rich" in both vitamin A and vitamin B.<sup>4</sup>Eggs are frequently classed with milk in such generalizations. Our experience with the latter food has shown that its content of vitamin B, while noteworthy, is by no means invariably as
Frequent epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: S-G. Wu, C-H. Gow, C-J. Yu, Y-L. Chang, C-H. Yang, Y-C. Hsu, J-Y. Shih, Y-C. Lee, P-C. Yang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) are often observed in lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations are usually detected in lung adenocarcinoma. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the EGFR mutation rate in MPEs of lung adenocarcinoma. Between June 2005 and December 2006, 136 MPEs from lung adenocarcinoma were collected for EGFR mutation detection. In addition, between April 2001 and November 2004, 91 surgically resected specimens of lung adenocarcinoma from patients without MPEs were assessed for EGFR mutation. The EGFR mutation rate was significantly higher in the patients with MPEs than in the patients without (68.4% versus 50.5%). The EGFR mutation rate in patients with MPEs was not associated with sex, smoking history, age or cancer stage. By multivariate analysis, an age of <65 yrs, never smoking, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-1, and EGFR mutation were significantly associated with a longer overall survival for lung adenocarcinoma patients with MPEs. The patients with malignant pleural effusions related to lung adenocarcinoma had a higher epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation rate than the patients from whom surgically resected specimens were taken. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be the treatment of choice for lung adenocarcinoma with malignant pleural effusions in east Asia.
Foot Pressure Measurements in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Amputees
Authors: Aristidis Veves, Ernest RE Van Ross, Andrew JM Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Foot problems are common in the remaining foot of diabetic amputees. Because high foot pressures are associated with foot ulceration, we studied foot pressures of the remaining foot of diabetic and nondiabetic unilateral amputees.Four age-matched groups of 11 subjects were studied. The groups were comprised of diabetic subjects with previous major amputation, nondiabetic nonneuropathic amputees, diabetic nonamputee patients with similar peripheral nerve involvement as the diabetic amputees, and nondiabetic control subjects. Vibration perception threshold (VPT) was assessed by biothesiometry and foot pressures with an optical pedobarograph.Mean +/- SE VPT in the diabetic amputees was significantly higher than the nondiabetic amputees (40.2 +/- 3.7 vs. 17.7 +/- 2.8 V, P less than 0.002) and similar to diabetic nonamputees (43.4 +/- 3.3 V, NS). VPT was abnormal in 9 (82%) diabetic amputees, 2 (18%) nondiabetic amputees, and 10 (91%) nonamputee diabetic patients. The mean peak foot pressure in the diabetic amputees was higher compared with nondiabetic amputees (18.3 +/- 2.2 vs. 11.3 +/- 1.4 kg/cm2, P less than 0.05) and control subjects (10.0 +/- 1.5 kg/m2, P less than 0.01), but no difference existed with diabetic nonamputees. Abnormally high foot pressures (greater than 12.3 kg/cm2) were present in 8 (73%) diabetic amputees, 3 (27%) nondiabetic amputees, 8 (73%) diabetic nonamputees, and 4 (36%) healthy subjects.We conclude that high pressures are present under the remaining foot in diabetic amputees, and that these pressures are associated with diabetic neuropathy. Prosthetic usage does not increase the pressures under the remaining foot in nondiabetic amputees.
Strategies for setting a national research agenda that is responsive to community needs.
Authors: Liam R O'Fallon, Geraldine M Wolfle, David Brown, Allen Dearry, Kenneth Olden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Setting a national environmental health research agenda requires broad public input, including that from leading scientists, health care professionals, and communities. Contributions from these diverse constituencies are essential to formulating a research and education strategy that both advances our understanding of the causes and mechanisms of environmentally related diseases and translates such findings into effective prevention and clinical applications to protect those most affected by adverse environmental exposures. Given the increasing number of individual researchers working with communities to address environmental health needs during the past decade, it is also essential for research institutions to foster relationships with communities to understand and respond to their unique public health needs, as well as to communicate research advances in a manner that is both understandable and culturally appropriate. To achieve broad public input and to foster community-university partnerships, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) supports various workshops, roundtables, and advisory groups. In particular, the NIEHS finds Town Meetings to be a successful model for bringing academic researchers together with community residents, state and local departments of health, and community-based organizations to foster greater awareness of community needs, public health needs, and environmental health science research. Since 1998, the NIEHS has supported 16 Town Meetings across the country. In this article we highlight the major outcomes of these meetings to demonstrate the effectiveness of this mechanism for enhancing cooperation among researchers, community residents, and public health officials with the goal of improving public health and setting a national research agenda.
MELD score and clinical type predict prognosis in hepatorenal syndrome: Relevance to liver transplantation
Authors: Carlo Alessandria, Osman Ozdogan, Mónica Guevara, Tea Restuccia, Wladimiro Jiménez, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés, Pere Ginès
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Important progress has been made recently regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). However, scant information exists about factors predicting outcome in patients with cirrhosis and HRS. Moreover, the prognostic value of the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score has not been validated in the setting of HRS. The current study was designed to assess the prognostic factors and outcome of patients with cirrhosis and HRS. The study included 105 consecutive patients with HRS. Forty-one patients had type 1 HRS, while 64 patients had type 2 HRS. Patients with type 1 HRS not only had more severe liver and renal failure than type 2 patients, they also had greater impairment of circulatory function, as indicated by lower arterial pressure and higher activation of vasoconstrictor factors. In the whole series, the median survival was 3.3 months. In a multivariate analysis of survival, only HRS type and MELD score were associated with an independent prognostic value. All patients with type 1 HRS had a high MELD score (≥20) and showed an extremely poor outcome (median survival: 1 mo). By contrast, the survival of patients with type 2 HRS was longer and dependent on MELD score (≥20, median survival 3 mo; <20, median survival 11 mo; P < .002). In conclusion, the outcome of patients with cirrhosis and HRS can be estimated by using two easily available variables, HRS type and MELD score. These data can be useful in the management of patients with HRS, particularly for patients who are candidates for liver transplantation. (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Captopril and systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome.
Authors: C Sieber, E Grimm, F Follath
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the first recorded association of dysphagia with fluspirilene, although four episodes of dystonia and one dyskinetic reaction have occurred since 1975.Acute dystonic reactions are well recognised with neuroleptic drugs,' but acute dystonic dys- phagia has only recently been reported; Newton- John described the condition in two patients, the causal drug probably being metoclopramide, although prochlorperazine was implicated in one.'The treatment of choice for acute dystonic reactions is an anticholinergic drug.Persistent dystonia, however, may prove resistant to drugs.The treatment options include anticholinergic drugs, levodopa, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, tetrabenazine, and even phenothiazines or butyro- phenones.'Also, with the recognition of the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin A in spasmodic dysphonia' this may offer an alternative acceptable solution to the problem of dystonic dysphagia when withdrawal of the causal neuroleptic is not clinically feasible.
Detection of albumin messenger RNA in blood is not restricted to hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: J N Ijzermans, D J Bac, B G Niesters
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Familial Prevalence of Gallstones in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Gallstones to subject their asymptomatic patients with gallstones Reply: to unnecessary surgery.Where have we made even the slightest hint that the relatives with asymptomatic We were a bit surprised to read the letter by Drs.gallstones should be subjected to surgery?Where is the Romero and Phillips. 1 It is apparent that they read our fright or the question of postcholecystectomy complicaarticle in the July issue of HEPATOLOGY 2 very casually tions?In fact, we would caution readers not to suggest and have failed to understand the clear messages of a such a course.carefully designed study.They have not provided any 5.We are happy that in the end Drs.Romero and new thoughts on the subject and their concerns seem Phillips do accept our hypothesis of high familial occurill founded.We would like to bring the following facts rence of gallstones.We are sure that after we have to their attention:clarified their misinterpretation of certain words in our 1.The statement ''willing to participate in the study'' article, they would appreciate the scientific merits of is just another way of writing that an informed consent this carefully designed and meticulously conducted was obtained from every subject.It should not for once study.be understood to convey that ''any'' unwilling relativeThe hypothesis and the results of our study are quite was excluded from the study.All relatives were inclear and cannot be refuted on emotional grounds by cluded.There is no bias.anyone.Science develops by carefully designed studies 2. ''Which first degree relative.''This has been amply that provide reproducible observations.Our study has detailed in the article that parents/siblings/offspring of ample support from the literature.A high familial prevthe index patient were included.There was no selection alence of gallstones has been supported by several process.Our endeavor was to include every living relaother investigators in the past. [3]][5][6][7][8] tive, with a minimum of three per index patient (330 relatives of 105 index patients were studied).With the SHIV K. SARIN inclusion of at least 3 relatives, we aimed to screen at Department of Gastroenterology least 2 generations; parents and siblings or siblings G. B. Pant Hospital and offspring (if above the age of 15 years).None of the New Delhi, India living relatives were excluded.It is absolutely wrong