tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug Abuse in the Army
Authors: George Kojak
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Tennant in his description of drug abuse in the US Army in Europe (221:1146, 1972) has provided us with provocative data regarding important issues. The surveys regarding drug use prevalence indicated that 1.5% of the soldiers questioned were using opiates more than three times a week. This represents a threefold increase since the 1970 survey and, if valid, would indicate that there are approximately 3,000 soldiers in Europe using opium more than three times per week. Yet the total caseload of inpatient and outpatient "opiate cases" runs between only 12 and 66 per month for the entire US Army in Europe. Thus, it appears in a situation of epidemic symptoms, very few of the "sick" are getting to a physician. Tennant says that more medical personnel are needed. However, it would seem that the data of such widespread use of drugs support the concept that drug abuse
Sodium aurothiomalate does not block interleukin 1 production in rabbits.
Authors: Y Zurovsky, H.P Laburn, D Mitchell, A Ruck
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Gold salts may attenuate inflammatory processes by inhibiting interleukin 1 production. It is shown that sodium aurothiomalate does not act as an antipyretic after intravenous injection of two pyrogens into rabbits. Consequently, it cannot suppress interleukin 1 production, a conclusion confirmed by an in vitro lymphocyte activating factor assay. Chronic sodium aurothiomalate treatment, however, did depress the blood leucocyte count significantly.
Primary Selective IgA Deficiency
Authors: Giovanni Gambaro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 April 1994Primary Selective IgA DeficiencyGiovanni Gambaro, MD, Amelia Ruffatti, MD, PhD, and Augusto Antonello, MDGiovanni Gambaro, MDIstituto di Medicina Interna; Policlinico Universitario; 35120 Padova; ItalySearch for more papers by this author, Amelia Ruffatti, MD, PhDIstituto di Medicina Interna; Policlinico Universitario; 35120 Padova; ItalySearch for more papers by this author, and Augusto Antonello, MDIstituto di Medicina Interna; Policlinico Universitario; 35120 Padova; ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A 54-year-old butcher was referred because of a suspected right renal hemorrhagic infarction. Computed tomography showed thrombosis of the common iliac veins, inferior vena cava, and right renal vein. Intravenous heparin, followed by oral warfarin, resulted in the recanalization of the inferior vena cava, common iliac veins, and deep venous circle of the limbs.In the past 20 years, he had had many episodes of leg thrombophlebitis. He had no familial history of coagulation disorders or other hereditary diseases. Antithrombin III, protein S, protein C, and plasminogen levels were normal. No clinical or humoral signs of cancer ...References1. Huston DP, Kavanaugh AF, Rohane PW, Huston MM. Immunoglobulin deficiency syndromes and therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1991; 87:1-17. Google Scholar2. Jimenez A, Alvarez-Doforno R, Garcia Rodriguez MC, Ferreira A, Lopez-Trascasa M, Fontan G. Autoantibodies in patients with IgA and IgG2 deficiencies. APMIS. 1991; 99:327-32. Google Scholar3. Al-Momen AK, Sulimani R, Harakati M, Gader AGA, Mekki M. IgA antiphospholipid and adrenal insufficiency: is there a link? Thromb Res. 1991; 64:571-8. Google Scholar4. Asherson RA, Fei HM, Staub HL, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR, Fox RI. Antiphospholipid antibodies and HLA associations in primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992; 51:495-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Istituto di Medicina Interna; Policlinico Universitario; 35120 Padova; Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNecrotizing vasculitis with a polyarteritis nodosa-like pattern and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency: case report and review of the literature 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 694-695KeywordsAntibodiesInfarctionInferior vena cavaLupus erythematosusPlateletsProteinsSerum proteinsSjogren syndromeThrombosisVeins Issue Published: 15 April 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Making Antimalarial Agents Available in Africa
Authors: Kenneth J. Arrow, Hellen Gelband, Dean T. Jamison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The father of an infant in rural Africa with fever buys malaria medicine, but a day later, the baby is dead. Kenneth Arrow, Helen Gelband, and Dean Jamison write that the outcome has little to do with the curability of the disease and everything to do with economics.
Antidepressants and postpartum haemorrhage
Authors: E. R. Heerdink
Journal: BMJ (2013)

All antidepressant drugs are associated with an increased risk of bleeding

The use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants has been associated with an increased risk of abnormal bleeding.1 During the past decade most studies have focused on bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract, but excessive bleeding during surgery and increased risk of menorrhagia and postpartum haemorrhage have also been described in users of antidepressants.2 3 4 5 In the linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.f4877), Palmsten and colleagues investigated the risk of postpartum haemorrhage in women using antidepressants during pregnancy.6

The underlying pharmacological mechanism of this effect is thought to be the inhibition of serotonin uptake into platelets. Platelets do not synthesise serotonin, and serotonin plays an important role in triggering vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors could therefore prolong bleeding times. Some, but not all, studies have shown that concomitant use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors increases the risk of gastrointestinal …
Heart Failure: Bench to Bedside
Authors: Joseph Sam Owen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Next Decade: Expectations From the Social Sciences and Education
Authors: George E. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The subject of this communication, expectations from the field of social science and particularly from education, refers to the retarded child at the school-age level. One danger from all this lies in the fact that nothing is more tempting than to be handed a crystal ball—to be allowed through a type of primitive thinking to see magically into the future, to project one's hopes and wishes, and to declare them to be the inexorably established course and accomplishments of the future. A second danger is that, in doing so, a scientist will expand his own particular research concern to the point where his narrowly selected specificities will exclude interests and aspects of other disciplines whose voices are bound to be—and should be—heard. To avoid this Scylla, I shall attempt to outline notions and observations applicable to the work— and the attitudes—of all our disciplines, and to the public at large.
Royal commission should be set up to look at UK drug policy, MPs say
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2012)

MPs have called for a royal commission to examine and deal with failings in UK drug policy, in their first report into the issue in a decade.

The Home Affairs Committee has today published detailed findings from a year long inquiry. It supports the direction that the government set out in its 2010 drug strategy1 but calls for additional measures to be implemented to tackle the drugs problem in the United Kingdom.

As a key priority the report identifies the need to “break the cycle” of drug addiction, pinpointing improved treatment in prisons and society as whole, early intervention, and better education and preventive work as key areas to focus on.

The committee said that it was “disturbed” that almost a …
Environmental standards for ionizing radiation: theoretical basis for dose-response curves.
Authors: A C Upton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The types of injury attributable to ionizing radiation are subdivided, for purposes of risk assessment and radiological protection, into two broad categories: stochastic effects and nonstochastic effects. Stochastic effects are viewed as probablistic phenomena, varying in frequency but not severity as a function of the dose, without any threshold; nonstochastic effects are viewed as deterministic phenomena, varying in both frequency and severity as a function of the dose, with clinical thresholds. Included among stochastic effects are heritable effects (mutations and chromosome aberrations) and carcinogenic effects. Both types of effects are envisioned as unicellular phenomena which can result from nonlethal injury of individual cells, without the necessity of damage to other cells. For the induction of mutations and chromosome aberrations in the low-to-intermediate dose range, the dose-response curve with high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation generally conforms to a linear nonthreshold relationship and varies relatively little with the dose rate. In contrast, the curve with low-LET radiation generally conforms to a linear-quadratic relationship, rising less steeply than the curve with high-LET radiation and increasing in slope with increasing dose and dose rate. The dose-response curve for carcinogenic effects varies widely from one type of neoplasm to another in the intermediate-to-high dose range, in part because of differences in the way large doses of radiation can affect the promotion and progression of different neoplasms. Information about dose-response relations for low-level irradiation is fragmentary but consistent, in general, with the hypothesis that the neoplastic transformation may result from mutation, chromosome aberration or genetic recombination in a single susceptible cell.
Flare-Up of Serum Amylase Prior to Onset of Lethal Ketoacidosis in a Patient With Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jin Takahashi, Koji Nishijima, Ken-ichi Shukunami, Akira Yakihara, Toru Senda, Yoshio Yoshida, Fumikazu Kotsuji
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Fulminant type 1 diabetes has been classified from a traditional type 1 diabetes and characterized by 1 ) abrupt onset, 2 ) diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis, 3 ) lack of islet-related autoantibodies, 4 ) elevated pancreatic enzymes, and 5 ) difficulty in diagnosis during routine screenings (1–4). Flare-ups of some pancreatic exocrine enzymes have been reported for a patient with fulminant type 1 diabetes before DKA onset (3). However, those enzymes are not measured in routine blood analyses.

This report describes a case of fulminant type 1 diabetes with a flare-up of serum amylase before DKA onset, which is easily detectable on routine emergent blood examinations. We discuss the importance of hyperamylasemia at initial diagnosis of the disease.

A …
Dilation of Difficult Gastrointestinal Strictures Using a Modified Wire-Guided Technique
Authors: K. M. Mohandas, V. Santhi Swaroop, D. C. Desai
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

We describe here 18 patients with gastrointestinal strictures through which a standard guide wire could not be passed, and which were dilated using a modified technique. After a 0.035" guide wire had been passed through a 5-Fr metal-tipped catheter, the narrow strictures were dilated using a 10-Fr biliary dilator. A modified Savary-Gilliard guide wire (olive-tipped with a hole) was passed over the 0.035" guide wire beyond the stricture. After removing the 0.035" guide wire, the strictures were dilated with Savary-Gilliard dilators passed over the olive-tipped guide wire. Seventeen patients had upper gastrointestinal strictures, and one had a sigmoid colon stricture. The strictures were caused by tumor in two, radiation therapy in six, esophagogastric resection for cancer in five, and a combination of two or more factors in five patients. The modified technique was successful in 17 patients, without any complications. Adequate symptomatic relief was achieved in 15 patients.
T-cell Ig and ITIM domain regulates natural killer cell activation in murine acute viral hepatitis
Authors: Jiacheng Bi, Qing Zhang, Dan Liang, Lei Xiong, Haiming Wei, Rui Sun, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Uncontrolled natural killer (NK) cell activation during the early response to acute viral infection can lead to severe immunopathology, and the mechanisms NK cells use to achieve self-tolerance in such contexts are currently unclear. Here, NK cells up-regulated a coinhibitory receptor, T-cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT), during challenge with the viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analog poly I:C. Blocking TIGIT by antibody treatment in vivo or a genetic deficiency in Tigit enhanced NK cell activation and aggravated liver injury in a poly I:C/D-GalN-induced model of acute fulminant hepatitis, suggesting that TIGIT is normally required for protecting against NK cell-mediated liver injury. Furthermore, adoptively transferring Tigit−/− NK cells into NK cell-deficient Nfil3 −/− mice also resulted in elevated liver injury. Reconstituting Kupffer cell-depleted mice with poliovirus receptor (PVR/CD155, a TIGIT ligand)-silenced Kupffer cells led to aggravated liver injury in a TIGIT-dependent manner. Blocking TIGIT in an NK-Kupffer cell coculture in vitro enhanced NK cell activation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production in a PVR-dependent manner. We also found that TIGIT was up-regulated selectively on NK cells and protected against liver injury in an acute adenovirus infection model in both an NK cell- and Kupffer cell-dependent manner. Knocking down PVR in Kupffer cells resulted in aggravated liver injury in response to adenovirus infection in a TIGIT-dependent manner. Conclusion : TIGIT negatively regulates NK-Kupffer cell crosstalk and alleviates liver injury in response to poly I:C/D-GalN challenge or acute adenovirus infection, suggesting a novel mechanism of NK cell self-tolerance in liver homeostasis during acute viral infection. (Hepatology 2014;59:1715–1725)
THE USE OF SALYRGAN IN ONE PATIENT, OVER A PERIOD OF THREE YEARS, FOR RECURRING ASCITES AND EDEMA ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC FAILURE
Authors: Carter Smith
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Mercurials have been used as diuretics for many years. More recently salyrgan, an aqueous solution containing about 37 mg. (one-half grain) of metallic mercury to the cubic centimeter, has been used in treating patients with abnormal collections of fluid in the tissue or body cavities. That mercury may be a renal irritant is a well known fact. Salyrgan, however, has been used repeatedly over long periods of time even in those with previously existing renal disease without untoward effects.<sup>1</sup>Occasionally patients are encountered who have an idiosyncrasy to mercury, and reactions such as convulsions or anuria may occur. Only one such instance has been recorded in the literature,<sup>2</sup>and this patient made an uneventful recovery. Because of this very infrequent idiosyncrasy, caution must be used in administering the initial dosage of this drug. It should be given first in 0.5 cc. doses intramuscularly. If no reaction occurs within
An update on pediatric bleeding disorders: Bleeding scores, benign joint hypermobility, and platelet function testing in the evaluation of the child with bleeding symptoms
Authors: Sarah H. O'Brien
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Abstract Evaluating a child with symptoms of easy bruising and/or bleeding remains a challenge in pediatric hematology, and there is no “one size fits all” approach. This review focuses on recent research in three elements of the evaluation of a child with a suspected bleeding disorder. We will first discuss the development of the standardized Pediatric Bleeding Questionnaire, and its applications in research and clinical settings. We will then discuss the relationship between benign hypermobility syndromes and hemostasis, and the importance of including a Beighton Score in the physical examination of any child presenting with unusual bruising or bleeding. While prolonged bleeding times and abnormal platelet aggregation are common findings in children with benign hypermobility, normal coagulation studies do not exclude the presence of a connective tissue disorder in a child presenting with easy bleeding and joint hypermobility on examination. Finally, we will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the laboratory evaluation of platelet function in children. Platelet function disorders are among the most common inherited bleeding disorders. However, testing for such disorders is time‐consuming and requires a step‐wise approach. We will review the indications for and limitations of the most commonly utilized platelet function laboratory studies. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Transcription Factor Jdp2 Controls Bone Homeostasis and Antibacterial Immunity by Regulating Osteoclast and Neutrophil Differentiation
Authors: Kenta Maruyama, Masahiro Fukasaka, Alexis Vandenbon, Tatsuya Saitoh, Takumi Kawasaki, Takeshi Kondo, Kazunari K. Yokoyama, Hiroyasu Kidoya, Nobuyuki Takakura, Daron Standley, Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Immunity (2012)
What Puts the Surge in Surgery?
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE article by Dr. John Bunker in the current issue of the Journal poses the question whether or not an excessive number of surgical operations is performed in the United States, and an excessive number of surgeons performing them, exemplifying a sort of Surgical Parkinson's Law: "where there are too many surgeons, they will fill their time by doing too many operations." He has shown that, in relation to population, there are far more surgeons in the United States than there are in Great Britain, and a great many more operations are carried out. Dr. Bunker is an anesthetist, and . . .
820 Keratin 8 Y53H and G61C mutations are no genetic risk factors for developing cryptogenic or noncryptogenic liver disease
Authors: J HALANGK, T BERG, G PUHL, T MUELLER, O LANDT, B WIEDENMANN, W LUCK, H WITT
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

To understand the molecular alterations driving the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), we compared patients with pure DCIS and patients with DCIS and synchronous invasive breast cancer (IBC). Twelve patients with extensive pure DCIS were included as a representation of indolent lesions with limited invasive capacity. These cases were matched with 12 patients with a limited DCIS component and IBC, representing lesions with a high invasive potential. Matching included age and surrogate DCIS subtypes. Gene expression profiling was performed on DCIS cells to identify transcriptional differences between these two groups. The identified genes were validated by immunohistochemistry. Nine genes showed significantly different expression. Most of these genes were highly expressed in DCIS samples with IBC, including PLAU (P = 0.002), COL1A1 (P = 0.006), KRT81 (P = 0.009), S100A7 (P = 0.015), SCGB1D2 (P = 0.023), KRT18 (P = 0.029), and NOTCH3 (P = 0.044), whereas EGFR and CXCL14 showed a higher expression in cases with pure DCIS (P = 0.015 and P = 0.028, respectively). This difference was only significant for SCGB1D2 (P = 0.009). Hierarchical clustering revealed distinct clustering of patients with and without invasion. Patients with pure DCIS have a different gene expression pattern as compared to patients with DCIS and synchronous IBC. These genes may pinpoint to driver pathway(s) that play an important role in DCIS progression.
Maximising benefit and minimising harm of screening
Authors: J A M Gray, J Patnick, R G Blanks
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Gordon Brown has pledged to increase screening services in the NHS. <b>Muir</b><b>Gray, Julietta Patnick, </b>and<b> Roger Blanks </b>show how experience with the UK breast screening programme can help ensure that they are effective
Respiratory medicine: what is the diagnosis?
Authors: D.K.C. Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Respiratory medicine: what is the diagnosis?To the Editors:Clues of the pressurised metered-dose inhaler in the left shirt pocket and the right upper lobe fibrosis should prompt the reader to consider the unifying diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (fig.1).This 48-yr-old male had difficult-to-control asthma with elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels, presence of aspergillus immunoglobulin E antibodies, and the occurrence of central bronchiectasis, fibrosis and loss of volume in the right upper lobe on computed tomography of the thorax.The common causes of upper lobe fibrosis in the lungs are Tuberculosis, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Radiation, and Sarcoidosis (TEARS).Other causes include ankylosing spondylitis, drugs, silicosis, and Langerhans' cell histiocytosis.The patient responded well to oral corticosteroid therapy and continues to be on maintenance prednisolone 2 yrs following the diagnosis.