tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumors of Mammary Gland.
Authors: Fritz Carleton Hyde
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Ann Arbor, Mich., April 2, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> The concise statements made in the last two paragraphs of my paper on "Tumors of the Mammary Gland," inThe Journalof March 31, admit of misinterpretation. My meaning is expressed more clearly as follows: The gross differential diagnosis of tumors of the breast in so far as the histologic variety is concerned is extremely uncertain and should not be taken as an operative guide. In a large proportion of cases it is not possible to distinguish the different forms. In nearly every case in which the histologic variety has been diagnosed in the gross, the microscopic examination has shown the diagnosis to be incorrect. The difficulty is obvious when the variety of pictures which one case may present is considered. It seems reasonable from the data afforded by these eighty cases that the percentage of malignant tumors of the breast
Book Review Principles and Practice of Medical Therapy in Pregnancy Second edition. Edited by Norbert Gleicher, with Stanley A. Gall, Baha M. Sibai, Uri Elkayam, Robert M. Galbraith, and Gloria E. Sarto. 1362 pp., illustrated. Norwalk, Conn., Appleton and Lange, 1992. $110. ISBN 0–8385–7979–5 .
Authors: Mark B. Landon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
Extracts from an Inaugural Address on the Opportunities for Research in Trinidad
Authors: B. Rake
Journal: BMJ (1894)

To the Secretary of State for War, War Office, London.SIR,-With reference to the enclosed resolution which was unani- mously adopted at a meeting of this Council, held at the College of Phy- sicians, on the 3rd instant, I am directed to inform you that this Council, representing members of the British Medical Association, begs strongly to urge on you the necessity that exists for allaying the present state of discontent
Podocytes that detach in experimental membranous nephropathy are viable11See Editorial by Mundel, p. 1529.
Authors: Arndt T. Petermann, Ron Krofft, Mary Blonski, Keiju Hiromura, Michael Vaughn, Raimund Pichler, Sian Griffin, Takehiko Wada, Jeffrey Pippin, Raghu Durvasula, Stuart J. Shankland
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Allele frequencies of three factor VIII gene polymorphisms in Iranian populations and their application in hemophilia A carrier detection
Authors: S. Babak Azimifar, S. Yoosef Seyedna, Sirous Zeinali
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Hemophilia A is an X‐linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) primers were designed to determine allele frequencies of three FVIII gene linked markers, IVS7 nt 27 G/A SNP, Bcl I/intron 18, and Hin dIII/intron 19 among 85 normal Iranian women from unrelated families. Then same method was applied to perform carrier detection for hemophilia A families. The allele frequencies of IVS7 nt 27 “G”/“A” allele, Bcl I “T”/“A” allele, and Hin dIII “C”/“T” allele among normal women were 0.88/0.12, 0.52/0.48, and 0.48/0.52, respectively. The three polymorphisms were found to be in strong linkage disequilibrium, which decreased the overall heterozygosity to 51%. Twenty‐one women from 15 unrelated hemophilia A families were referred to us for hemophilia A carrier detection. Taking advantage of these three biallelic polymorphisms in conjunction with multiallelic St14 VNTR (locus DXS52), IVS13 (CA)n STR, and IVS22 (CA)n STR, carrier status was determined in 16 women (16/21 or 76% of the at‐risk women) from 11 families (11/15 or 73% of the families). The used ARMS methods are rapid and can easily be applied in conjunction with other FVIII gene linked polymorphisms for indirect mutation detection of hemophilia A where they are informative. Am. J. Hematol. 81:335–339, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypoxia-Induced Phosphorylation of Chk2 in an Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated–Dependent Manner
Authors: Shannon L. Gibson, Ranjit S. Bindra, Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Chk2 is a serine/threonine kinase that signals to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptotic pathways following DNA damage. It is activated by phosphorylation in response to ionizing radiation, UV light, stalled replication forks, and other types of DNA damage. Hypoxia is a common feature of solid tumors and has been shown to affect the regulation of many genes, including several DNA repair factors. We show here that Chk2 is phosphorylated on Thr68 and thereby activated in cells in response to hypoxia, and that this phosphorylation is dependent on the damage response kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) but not on the related kinase ATM and Rad3-related. Moreover, phosphorylation of Chk2 under hypoxia was attenuated in cells deficient in the repair factors MLH1 or NBS1. Finally, Chk2 serves to protect cells from apoptosis under hypoxic growth conditions. These results identify hypoxia as a new stimulus for Chk2 activation in an ATM-, MLH1-, and NBS1-dependent manner, and they suggest a novel pathway by which tumor hypoxia may influence cell survival and DNA repair.
Multiresistant Salmonella Organisms in India
Authors: Ajita Mehta
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —In developing countries, multiresistant Salmonella organisms are being increasingly reported. 1-3 From April 1990 to April 1991 we isolated 190 strains of Salmonella typhi from blood cultures of patients in and around the city of Bombay, India. Of these, 141 were multiresistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin (by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion) giving an incidence of resistance of 74%. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) done on 50 representative strains by agar dilution technique (modified National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) confirmed the disk diffusion result in 40 of 50 strains, wherein an MIC value above break point was considered resistant. Resistance was found to be plasmid-mediated (100 megadalton, plasmid isolated).   Salmonella typhi remains sensitive to nalidixic acid and the fluoroquino lones ciprofloxacin, oflaxacin, and norfloxacin. These drugs have been used successfully in epidemics of enteric fever caused by multiresistant organisms. 3,4 However, a decrease in
IMPACT OF TOTAL SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT LENGTH ON THREE-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN THE J-CYPHER REGISTRY
Authors: Shinichi Shirai, Takeshi Kimura, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Takeshi Morimoto, Kenji Ando, Yoshimitsu Soga, Kyohei Yamaji, Katsuhiro Kondo, Koyu Sakai, Takeshi Arita, Masahiko Goya, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Hideyuki Nosaka, Kazuaki Mitsudo, None j-Cypher registry investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reanalysis of a Trial Comparing Total Mastectomy with Lumpectomy
Authors: Samuel Hellman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

To the Editor: It is useful to be reminded of the hypothesis that Fisher et al. were testing when they compared lumpectomy alone with lumpectomy plus radiation in the NSABP Protocol B-06 trial (Nov. 30 issue).1 Fisher et al. articulate two divergent hypotheses of tumor biology: “Halstedean” and “alternative.”2 The Halstedean hypothesis3 argues that breast cancer is an orderly disease, spreading in a contiguous fashion from the primary site through the lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes and then to distant sites. Appropriate treatment would thus emphasize early and complete eradication of the primary tumor, draining lymphatic vessels and lymph . . .
Swine Influenza Surveillance, Wisconsin Agricultural Fairs, 1989 and 1990
Authors: Louisa Chapman
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In 1988, investigation of a fatal case of swine influenza in a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman provided strong evidence for transmission of swine influenza virus infection from ill pigs to humans during a Wisconsin agricultural fair, in which 40% to 60% of exhibited pigs had an influenza-like illness.<sup>1</sup> The results of this investigation led to prospective surveillance for ill pigs at Wisconsin agricultural fairs in 1989 and 1990 to assess the frequency with which visitors to these fairs might be exposed to outbreaks of symptomatic swine influenza. Between May 1976 and June 1977, a serosurvey of pigs from north central states slaughtered at abattoirs in Wisconsin showed that swine influenza virus infections of pigs are common and may have an October-through-December seasonality.<sup>2</sup> In 1989, veterinarians responsible for 32 county or state fairs held in the southern two thirds of Wisconsin between July and September
The JAK2 46/1 haplotype predisposes to MPL-mutated myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Amy V. Jones, Peter J. Campbell, Philip A. Beer, Susanne Schnittger, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Katerina Zoi, Melanie J. Percy, Mary Frances McMullin, Linda M. Scott, William Tapper, Richard T. Silver, David Oscier, Claire N. Harrison, Harald Grallert, Aliaksei Kisialiou, Paul Strike, Andrew J. Chase, Anthony R. Green, Nicholas C. P. Cross
Journal: Blood (2010)
Gareth Griffith Davies
Authors: Halina Davies
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Plastic surgeon and creator of the first collection of American penny arcade antique toys Before movies and television, small town Americans went to penny arcades for amusement, dropping coins into devices that entertained them by making mechanical figures move or-like today's slot machines-rewarded them with more coins if they played a game correctly.The devices were also found in bars, amusement parks, restaurants, and hotels.Their popularity peaked before the first world war and they went out of style when prohibition closed America's bars.When James Smith was a boy in East Liverpool, Ohio, the son of a dignified banker, he often rode the trolley car across the state line to an amusement park in Chester, West Virginia, where he enjoyed dropping pennies and nickels (five cent pieces) into machines that told fortunes, tested one's strength, played games, or offered penny candy.He said he loved the challenge of trying to beat the machines, but his father discouraged his son's gaming habits.
Minor Physical Anomalies and Family Adversity as Risk Factors for Violent Delinquency in Adolescence
Authors: Louise Arseneault, Richard E. Tremblay, Bernard Boulerice, Jean R. Sè¦µin, Jean-Franæ®©s Saucier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Minor physical anomalies are considered indicators of disruption in fetal development. They have been found to predict behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders. This study examined the extent to which minor physical anomalies, family adversity, and their interaction predict violent and nonviolent delinquency in adolescence.METHOD: Minor physical anomalies were assessed in a group of 170 adolescent boys from low socioeconomic status neighborhoods of Montréal. The boys had been enrolled in a longitudinal study since their kindergarten year, when an assessment of family adversity had been made on the basis of familial status and the parents' occupational prestige, age at the birth of the first child, and educational level. Adolescent delinquency was measured by using self-reported questionnaires and a search of official crime records.RESULTS: Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that both the total count of minor physical anomalies and the total count of minor physical anomalies of the mouth were significantly associated with an increased risk of violent delinquency in adolescence, beyond the effects of childhood physical aggression and family adversity. Similar findings were not found for nonviolent delinquency.CONCLUSIONS: Children with a higher count of minor physical anomalies, and especially a higher count of anomalies of the mouth, could be more difficult to socialize for different and additive reasons: they may have neurological deficits, and they may have feeding problems in the first months after birth. Longitudinal studies of infants with minor physical anomalies of the mouth are needed to understand the process by which they fail to learn to inhibit physical aggression.
Macromastia (large breasts): request for breast reduction
Authors: K. Shokrollahi, I. S. Whitaker, S. R. Manning, D. Mannasiev, L. Y. Hiew, M. A. C. S. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 39 year old woman attends your surgery with a history of “large heavy breasts” since puberty and general unhappiness with her appearance. After taking an appropriate history, you feel that she has low self esteem, with her macromastia playing an important role. She also describes experiencing back pain and neck ache. She wants to find out whether breast reduction surgery will help her. Macromastia is often described as disproportionately heavy breasts on an otherwise average size patient. Women generally seek consultation for breast reduction surgery because of psychological reasons, physical reasons, or both. It is important initially to distinguish between two types of patient—the one who believes she has disproportionately large breasts, but hasn’t, and the one who does have macromastia. The history and physical examination should indicate patients with true macromastia, whereas those who have distorted body appearance would benefit from further psychological assessment. ### Medical or social history ### Physical examination Physical examination should include inspection and palpation. We recommend a chaperone for all doctors of either sex, but a chaperone essential for male doctors. Other factors to include in the physical examination are:
Depression and CD4 Decline-Reply
Authors: Samuel Perry
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the letter by Dr Barrett and colleagues because it provides another opportunity to acknowledge their study's potential theoretical contribution as well as to emphasize why the clinical significance of their results must be interpreted with caution. In our Editorial, we primarily addressed what physicians and their HIV-infected patients should believe when presented with contradictory findings regarding the effect of depressive symptoms on CD4 decline. Because Lyketsos et al<sup>1</sup>failed to find even a small effect despite immense statistical power and because no effect had been found by previous large studies,<sup>2-4</sup>we concluded that the small effect found by Burack et al<sup>5</sup>may have been attributable to peculiarities in their subjects or to methodological problems (such as a smaller sample more prone to the distortions of outliers or a lower limit of CD4 assessments with less-reliable estimates of CD4 decline). As a shorthand way
Leslie MacDonald Craig
Authors: James Beaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former general practitioner Corby and Inveraray (b Glasgow 1918; q Glasgow 1952), d 12 June 2004.

Leslie began studying medicine in 1939, but the fall of France caused him to quit his course and join the army. He served in west Africa and India, becoming a regimental sergeant major. At the end of the second world war he returned to medicine, and after qualifying settled in Corby as a general practitioner. He later became the GP serving the communities of Inveraray and Furnace, remaining there until retirement in 1983. He undertook valuable research into the medical history of the area, and the lives and careers of local doctors. Leslie was a keen and skilled piper, and was awarded the MBE for services to piping in 2000. He leaves a wife, Ann, and a son.
Toxic Shock and Tampons
Authors: Mary Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The main evidence that tampons are an etiologic cofactor in the development of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) comes from epidemiologic case-control studies. The patients chosen as cases in those studies were assembled from reports submitted to health agencies in response to publicity that may have influenced physicians to diagnose TSS and to submit reports particularly in situations where the patient was a menstruating tampon user. When the submitted reports were checked for fulfillment of TSS diagnostic criteria, and when cases or controls were asked about antecedent tampon usage, suitable scientific precautions were not used to achieve "blinded" objective decisions. Since these biases would have distorted the statistical relationships, the etiologic role of tampons in TSS has not been scientifically proved. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:840-846)
BRAIN SPECT QUANTIFICATION USING Tc-99m HMPAO IN “NORMAL”, CLOSED HEAD INJURY, CEREBRO-VASCULAR ACCIDENT, AND EPILEPSY PATIENTS
Authors: L. LAMKI, H. TRAN, B. BARRON, W. J. TAYLOR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

S: APRIL 9–12, 1992 San Antonio Convention Center & Hyatt Regency Hotel SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS Southwestern Chapter Society of Nuclear Medicine SPECT/PET Nuclear Cardiology Symposium and 37th Annual Meeting: PDF Only
Use of cellular immunotherapy for treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Loren Fast, John Reagan, Peter Quesenberry
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts A previous clinical trial carried out by our group in which high numbers of haploidentical donor lymphoid cells containing CD3+ cells (1 - 2 x 108 CD3+ cells/kg) were infused into recipients with refractory hematological malignancy found that 14/27 patients gave a response, 9 or
Prednisolone in HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis: Histologic evaluation in a controlled prospective study
Authors: Pui C. Wu, Ching L. Lai, Kui C. Lam, Joana Ho
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

To study the value of corticosteroids in HBsAg–positive chronic active hepatitis, 18 pairs of liver histology comprising 36 liver biopsies from a prospective, randomized, controlled trial were evaluated. The median interval between the initial and follow–up histology was 8 1/2 months in 8 patients given prednisolone and 8 1/4 months in 10 patients given placebo tablets. Following medication, there was significantly greater erosion of the limiting plate in the prenisolone group (p = 0.039) accompanied by a larger quantity of HBsAg (p = 0.045) and HBcAg (p = 0.006) in the liver. We conclude that prednisolone causes immunosuppression permitting enhanced viral multiplication and leads to increased erosion of the limiting plate. Our result also indicates that progression to cirrhosis is unhalted by prednisolone therapy. The histologic findings support clinico–biochemical conclusion that the use of prednisolone is deleterious to patients with HBsAg–positive chronic active hepatitis.
Transesophageal Echocardiography of the Aorta
Authors: Daniel G. Blanchard
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become a widely used imaging technique for evaluating cardiac structure, function, and valvular anatomy. Transesophageal echocardiography has also provided a new perspective on the thoracic aorta, and there is growing evidence that the technique contributes valuable and sometimes unique information about aortic structure and pathology. Recently introduced multiplane transesophageal probes have improved visualization of the proximal and transverse aorta, but few comprehensive discussions of TEE's application in aortic disease exist. Therefore, we have reviewed the published literature and our institutional experience in transesophageal aortic ultrasonography. The available evidence strongly supports the use of TEE in aortic dissection and atherosclerosis and suggests potential utility in additional diseases of the aorta such as aneurysm, ulceration, trauma, and congenital or inherited malformation.
Vision screening at 8 and 18 months. Steering Committee of Oxford Region Child Development Project.
Authors: A. Johnson, M. Stayte, C. Wortham
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the effectiveness of an existing screening programme based in the community for ocular and vision defects in infants considered at increased risk of such defects. DESIGN--Children with ocular or vision defect by the age of 2 were ascertained by searching records. Those from populations at high risk were matched with their results from screening tests. The characteristics of the cases among this population were compared with those of the cases in the remainder of the population. Patterns of referral and age at referral were studied in both groups. SETTING--The study was conducted within Oxfordshire Health District. SUBJECTS--433 Children at high risk born in 1984 to mothers living in the health district at delivery and who either weighed less than 2000 g or weighed 2000 g and over and required admission to a special care nursery for longer than 24 hours. The low risk population (6254) were infants without these characteristics who were resident in the health district at the time of referral. INTERVENTIONS--Screening tests for vision or ocular defects already routinely used were applied by health visitors at 8 and 18 months to the children at high risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Comparison of results of screening tests with vision and ocular defects detected by the age of 2. RESULTS--Screening tests in current use for vision loss and squint in this age group were insensitive and had a low positive predictive value when applied to a high risk population. Defects that were not apparent on direct inspection were unlikely to be detected by these tests. In the high risk group the relative risk of having a defect was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 4.5) but 85% of all cases detected by the age of 2 were in children at low risk. Referral patterns and age of referral differed in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS--Screening by health visitors of high risk populations contributes little to the detection of vision and ocular defects. This type of evaluation needs to be applied also to low risk populations, who have different referral patterns and contribute most of the cases.
Effects of Levosimendan and Dobutamine on Systolic Time Intervals in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Yüksel Çavuşoğlu, Aydın Nadir, Kadir Uğur Mert, Erkan Gencer, Bektas Morrad, Fezan Mutlu, Taner Ulus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Hallucinogens Recruit Specific Cortical 5-HT2A Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways to Affect Behavior
Authors: Javier González-Maeso, Noelia V. Weisstaub, Mingming Zhou, Pokman Chan, Lidija Ivic, Rosalind Ang, Alena Lira, Maria Bradley-Moore, Yongchao Ge, Qiang Zhou, Stuart C. Sealfon, Jay A. Gingrich
Journal: Neuron (2007)