tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Entrainment of the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin to meal timing.
Authors: D A Schoeller, L K Cella, M K Sinha, J F Caro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To identify the physiologic factor(s) that entrain the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin, leptin levels were measured hourly after changes in light/dark cycle, sleep/wake cycle, and meal timing. Four young male subjects were studied during each of two protocols, those being a simulated 12-h time zone shift and a 6.5-h meal shift. During the baseline day, plasma leptin demonstrated a strong diurnal rhythm with an amplitude of 21%, zenith at 2400 h, and nadir between 0900 and 1200 h. Acute sleep deprivation did not alter plasma leptin, but day/night reversal (time zone shift) caused a 12+/-2 h shift (P < 0.01) in the timing of the zenith and nadir. When meals were shifted 6.5 h without changing the light or sleep cycles, the plasma leptin rhythm was shifted by 5-7 h (P < 0.01). The phase change occurred rapidly when compared with changes in the diurnal rhythm of cortisol, suggesting that leptin levels are not acutely entrained to the circadian clock. The leptin rhythm was altered by meal timing in a manner very similar to the rhythm of de novo cholesterol synthesis. We conclude that the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin in young males is entrained to meal timing.
Management of Wilderness and Environmental Emergencies
Authors: Kenneth W. Kizer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Interest and participation in wilderness sports have notably increased in recent years, and, not surprisingly, there has also been a concomitant increased incidence of environment-related injuries and illnesses. Therefore, this book should be a most welcome addition to the libraries of physicians and other health professionals who treat or advise mountaineers, trekkers, skiers, scuba divers, and other outdoors enthusiasts. The book consists of 21 chapters and an appendix that address the major problems common to wilderness sports—hypothermia, heat illness, lightning injuries, burns, solar dermatitis, submersion injuries, hazardous marine life, toxic plant ingestions and dermatitis, mammalian bites, arthropod envenomations, and venomous snake bites. In addition, some specific activities are discussed—alpine and nordic skiing injuries, diving and barotrauma, mountain sickness and other high-altitude illnesses, aerospace medicine, and problems encountered in wildland fire fighters. The chapters are by persons knowledgeable in the clinical and practical aspects of these conditions, especially with regard to
The Ets transcription factor Spi-B is essential for the differentiation of intestinal microfold cells
Authors: Takashi Kanaya, Koji Hase, Daisuke Takahashi, Shinji Fukuda, Katsuaki Hoshino, Izumi Sasaki, Hiroaki Hemmi, Kathryn A Knoop, Nachiket Kumar, Mayuko Sato, Tatsuro Katsuno, Osamu Yokosuka, Kiminori Toyooka, Kumiko Nakai, Ayako Sakamoto, Yuuki Kitahara, Toshi Jinnohara, Stephen J McSorley, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Ifor R Williams, Hiroshi Ohno
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Gynaecologist wins right to challenge fertility authority over raids at his clinics
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

One of Britain's most successful practitioners of in vitro fertilisation won permission this week for a high court challenge to the legality of search warrants used by the watchdog on fertility treatment to raid his clinics.

Mr Justice Holman gave Mohammed Taranissi the go ahead to seek judicial review on the basis that the action by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) was unjustified, disproportionate, and unlawful and that the evidence relied on by the authority in seeking the …
The contribution of inherited and acquired thrombophilic defects, alone or combined with antiphospholipid antibodies, to venous and arterial thromboembolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jan-Leendert P. Brouwer, Marc Bijl, Nic J. G. M. Veeger, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Jan van der Meer
Journal: Blood (2004)
OBSERVATIONS ON NORMAL SYNOVIAL FLUID OF CATTLE
Authors: Walter Bauer, G. A. Bennett, Alexander Marble, Dorothy Claflin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. The astragalotibial (hock) joints of normal young beef cattle contain large and uniform quantities of synovial fluid which is easily accessible for study. 2. Nucleated cells found in such synovial fluid are similar in numbers and types to those described previously in normal rabbits' synovia. 3. The fact that 90 to 95 per cent of all nucleated cells present are actively phagocytic implies that the function of these cells is the removal of the products of wear and tear from the articular cartilages and synovial membranes. 4. Red blood corpuscles seem to be present in numbers directly proportional to the trauma to which the synovial membrane is subjected. 5. The astragalotibial joints of young beef cattle contain from 3 to 5 times more fluid than do the corresponding joints of stable cattle. More débris and unidentified solid material is found in the latter group of animals. 6. The total nitrogen content of this synovial fluid was found to be 169 mg. per 100 cc. The approximate total protein content was calculated to be 680 mg. or 0.68 per cent per 100 cc. 7. No correlation between the total protein level and the total cell counts of isolated specimens of synovial fluid is possible from these data. 8. Further studies of synovial fluid and of its chemical similarity to blood serum of the same animals are in progress. 9. Articular cartilage defects occurring in the articular cartilages of the carpometacarpal joints are described. (A more detailed study of these articular cartilage lesions, the age at which they appear, possible causative factors, etc., is now being made.).
Clinical Manifestations of Genetic Aberrations of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism
Authors: Donald Fraser
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The normal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus is maintained by the delicate balance of many physiological mechanisms. Alteration in any one of these mechanisms disturbs the normal homeostasis, and the resulting clinical syndromes are as numerous and varied as the controlling mechanisms themselves. Although details of the metabolic pathways controlling absorption, dynamic equilibrium, and excretion of calcium and phosphorus are not yet fully understood, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone are known to play essential roles. The most important application of this knowledge has been the control of vitamin D deficiency rickets in most parts of the world. With this problem virtually solved, attention has been focused on other aberrations of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Several of these aberrations have been shown to be genetically determined and must be classified as inborn errors of metabolism. Others are thought to be under genetic influence, but rigorous proof is still lacking. Because of
Maximal Tubular Resorptive Rate for Inorganic Phasphate in Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: J. Anderson, V. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Vincent's Stomatitis-Davies et al. EJTISI resolution of the lesions.It has been reported (Emslie, Cross, and Blake, 1962) that penicillin chewing-gum is the treatment of choice and that this therapy results in rapid resolution of the lesions.However, there are many who would condemn the use of penicillin in such a fashion (Anderson, 1961), particularly because of the dangers of sensitization to penicillin and possibly of producing resistance in other organisms in the mouth.Recently, objections to systemic penicillin in dental practice have also been pointed out (Canad.med.Ass.a., 1962).It was an incidental observation that directed attention to the use of metronidazole for this condition, and there is little doubt that this compound when given orally is effective clini- cally and active against the organisms of Vincent's infection.It is not yet clear whether it is the presence of the compound in the saliva or the presence of the compound in the serum, the concentration of which reaches 4.8 ,ug./ml.one hour after the oral administration of 200 mg.(Kane, McFadzean, Squires, King, and Nicol, 1961), or both, that is responsible for the clinical effect.Metronidazole is a well-tolerated compound which has now been administered to tens of thousands of patients for the treatment of trichomoniasis without side-effects, and it would appear to provide a simple and safe therapy for Vincent's infections. SummaryFifteen patients with Vincent's stomatitis were treated with metronidazole.In 14 of the 15, clinical resolution of the lesions was rapid, and healing was usually complete within three days.The spirochaetes disappeared within 24 hours, but the dis- appearance of the fusiform organisms was slower.Metronidazole is active in vitro against the spirochaetes and against one strain of Bacteroides.It is not clear if the compound acts by virtue of its presence in the serum or in the saliva, or in both.It is suggested that it provides an effective form of therapy without the disadvantages of penicillin.
CERTAIN BLOOD DYSCRASIAS DEPENDENT ON PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS OF THE SPLEEN
Authors: WILLIAM J. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The blood may be considered an organ consisting of cellular, colloid and crystalloid substances in a liquid medium, and the vascular system a means of transportation which carries these various substances to the tissues of the body and removes waste products. The total volume of blood in the body of the average person is estimated by Mann<sup>1</sup>at from one thirteenth to one tenth of the body weight. Krogh and Haldane<sup>2</sup>have shown that, in man at rest, each cavity of the heart expels about 4 liters of blood a minute. During violent exertion, to supply the necessary amount of oxygen to the tissues, the entire volume of blood passes through the heart and around the body every ten seconds, and the amount expelled by the heart each minute is increased from 4 to 24 liters. The vital constituent of the blood is oxygen. The supply of oxygen
The heart is better protected against myocardial infarction in the fed state compared to the fasted state
Authors: Edgars Liepinsh, Marina Makrecka, Janis Kuka, Elina Makarova, Reinis Vilskersts, Helena Cirule, Eduards Sevostjanovs, Solveiga Grinberga, Osvalds Pugovics, Maija Dambrova
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Medical Secretary's Manual
Authors: Ellen M. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1967)

From her practical experience as a physician's secretary and as a teacher of medical shorthand, the author has prepared a manual for medical secretaries and assistants. The material presented is clinically oriented, each section devoted to a particular system or organ of the body. Before confronting the reader with definitions and shorthand symbols for each specific term or phrase, Miss Eshom provides a simplified description of the system under discussion and frequently includes helpful schematic drawings. This background information distinguishes her book from the usual text of medical shorthand. The practice material was taken from actual office and hospital records, and the author has suggested a practice routine which should assist in committing to memory these new shorthand symbols (based upon conventional Gregg shorthand). An extensive index has also been supplied for speedy reference. Although for maximal retention classroom instruction and supervision would probably be required, Miss Eshom's book should
NOTES ON SOME RECENT CASES OF DYSENTERY
Authors: F. H. Edgeworth
Journal: BMJ (1917)

The doses for C and D were mixed with the respective serums and allowed to stand at room temperature for thirty minutes before injection.A showed severe illness and considerable swelling of the thigh in four hours, and died within twelve hours.B, Thigh very much swollen in six hours; the animal died during the niight.C showed no effects whatever of inoculation.D, Thigh very much swollen in six hours; the animal died during the night.Tlle conclusion drawn was that i c.cm. of anti- oedemzatiens serum mixed with 1 c.cm. of culture thirty minutes before injection had prevented the infection of the animal.The post-mortem appearances in A, B, and D were identical.At tlle site of inoculation the thigh muscles were dark, lhaemorrlhagic, sliglhtly fetid, and gangrenous, and were separated frotmi.the skin by a dense gelatinous blood-stained oedema.A similar oedema, but clear and not blood stained, spread from the tlhigh over the abdomen and thorax.Wlhen incised, the oedemia was sufficiently firm to remain solid, without any outflowing of fluid or alteration in consistency.A minute quantity of gas bubbles was present at tlle spreading edge of the oedema and in the deptlhs of the ganigrenous muscle, but very small in amount compared with the oedema produced.Close to the site of inoculation and in the gangrenous muscle the curved Gram-positive sporing bacilli were present, but in preparations made from the oedema at a distance fromn tlje wound they were rarely detected.In all the features of morplhology, cultural character, auto-agglutination, and serum tests, the organism con- formed to tlh;e description given by Weinberg and Seguin of B. oedematiens.5Cultures were sent to Dr. Weinberg
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Clinical Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Swapnil N. Rajpathak, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Jill Crandall, Simin Liu, Gloria Y.F. Ho
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between circulating levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a mesenchymal-derived pleiotrophic factor that is elevated in obesity, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis among 892 postmenopausal women within the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS). RESULTS HGF levels positively correlated with BMI and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. In the multivariable analysis comparing the highest tertile with the lowest tertile of HGF, the odds ratio for prevalent diabetes was 2.47 (95% CI [1.12–5.47], P for trend = 0.014) after accounting for age, race, BMI, and other risk factors for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS HGF levels are associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women. Future studies should consider the prospective evaluation of the association of HGF with the development of type 2 diabetes.
Use of External Electric Countershock in the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Sidney Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ELECTRIC countershock applied to the closed chest has been successfully used to terminate ventricular fibrillation and prefibrillatory ventricular tachycardia.<sup>1-3</sup>Generally, this technique has been employed as an emergency measure in the unconscious patient with Adams-Stokes disease in the absence of other therapeutic alternatives. No reports exist on the deliberate use of external countershock as an elective procedure to control episodes of ventricular tachycardia in the conscious patient. The following experiences illustrate its effectiveness in the treatment of ventricular tachycardia resistant to drug therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 59-year-old man entered the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Dec. 1, 1960, with the chief complaint of palpitations, shortness of breath, and profuse sweating of 24-hours duration. In 1949 he sustained an acute myocardial infarction. Six years later he first noted the onset of paroxysmal rapid heart action. In September, 1960, the attacks increased in frequency, often lasting many hours, and
Studies on the Mechanisms of Adaptation to Starvation.
Authors: Samuel L. Hollobaugh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Studies on the Mechanisms of Adaptation to Starvation.Samuel L. Hollobaugh, M.D., Manuel Tzagournis, M.D., Fred A. Kruger, M.D., George J. Hamwi, M.D., F.A.C.P.Samuel L. Hollobaugh, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Manuel Tzagournis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Fred A. Kruger, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George J. Hamwi, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1058_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdipose tissue triglycerides supply most of the energy required for survival during starvation. Carbohydrate utilization under these conditions is very low. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are unclear.U-19425 ("pyrazole") is an inhibitor of lipid mobilization. The availability of such a material prompted its use as an experimental tool to assess control mechanisms during total starvation.Three obese patients were subjected to varying periods of starvation (9 to 30 days). Pyrazole was given to each for a portion of the fast. Administration of this compound acutely decreased the levels of plasma free fatty acids and ketones, which gradually returned... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Samuel L. Hollobaugh, M.D.; Manuel Tzagournis, M.D.; Fred A. Kruger, M.D.; George J. Hamwi, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Columbus, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1058-1059KeywordsAdipose tissueBlood plasmaCarbohydratesFatty acidsKetonesLipidsOverweightStarvation ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Disease Characterized and Perpetuated by Activated Lung T-Lymphocytes
Authors: Ronald G. Crystal, William C. Roberts, Gary W. Hunninghake, James E. Gadek, Jack D. Fulmer, Bruce R. Line
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The alveolitis of pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by an intense, mononuclear cell infiltrate that probably precedes granuloma formation. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying pulmonary sarcoidosis can be shown by study of the mononuclear cells composing the alveolitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage has shown that the sarcoid lung is characterized by increased numbers of "activated" T-lymphocytes within the alveolar structures. In contrast to normal control cells, the lung T-lymphocytes of patients with sarcoid release the mediator, monocyte chemotactic factor, that probably contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis by recruiting blood monocytes to the lung, thus providing cellular building blocks for granuloma formation. Conventional monitors of the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis, such as blood studies, pulmonary function testing, and chest roentgenograms, show little assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage or by histopathologic studies. In contrast, quantification of lavage T-lymphocyte populations and 67Ga scintigraphy of the chest provide a sensitive and specific means of assessing the activity of the alveolitis in pulmonary sarcoidosis and may provide a rational basis for therapy.
A Case of Plague from a Clinical and Pathological Point of View
Authors: W. G. Savage, D. A. Fitzgerald
Journal: BMJ (1900)

THE rarity of plague in this country, and the completenees with which we were enab'ed to investigate the following case, is our excuse for giving the notes of it somewhat in detail.The vast majority of cases recorded and the bulk of work done in connection with this.disease has been carried out abroad, and few cases are available for comparison between the dis- ease as met with in tropical and in more temperate climates.This case agrees in the main with the classicalfdescriptions derived from cases studied in the tropics.
On Finding a Penny
Authors: Catharine Dewar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

On Being a Patient16 March 1999On Finding a PennyCatharine Dewar, PhD, MD, FRCPCCatharine Dewar, PhD, MD, FRCPCSunnybrook Hospital—University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Pennies don't shine,they beckon all the same.I stopped todayto pick one from the path; discarded, wet, dirty—it lured me yet again.Into my pocket I thrust it,cleaning it,then examining it. Stopped.Reflected. 1992.A frightening time. A brain tumor.I thought about death that year.Into the pocket I entrusted it,leaving it,saving it.Pennies aren't shiny,they cause reflection, all the same. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Sunnybrook Hospital—University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, CanadaCorresponding Author: Catharine Dewar, PhD, MD, FRCPC, Division of Rheumatology, Sunnybrook Hospital—University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Suite A209, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; e-mail, tas.[email protected]ca. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 6Page: 535KeywordsBrainRheumatology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Brain Scans in Neoplastic Intracranial Lesions
Authors: Marvin C. Overton
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The results of scintiscanning a large group of patients having neurological signs and symptoms have been reviewed and correlated with the results of other investigators utilizing a radioactive mercury compound to detect intracranial neoplasms. The analysis was based on the first 100 consecutive tumors encountered, of which 77% were positively localized. Although some attenuation of chlormerodrin Hg 197 was noticed, it did not affect the clinical reliability of the agent when compared to chlormerodrin Hg 203. Prominent factors in the detection of a lesion were size, location, and vascularity. Meningiomas and gliomas were detected with an equal frequency of 86%, while metastatic lesions were localized in 82% of the cases. Poorest detection was found in a miscellaneous group (42%), one half of which were in the region of the sella. The brain scan and arteriogram localized the lesion in 84% of the cases. Air contrast studies maintained the highest percentage (95%) of diagnostic accuracy.