tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ER and PR Expression Profile of Circulating Tumor Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in Comparison to the Primary Tumor.
Authors: B. Aktas, V. Mueller, K. Schumacher, M. Tewes, J. Zeitz, S. Kasimir-Bauer, B. Rack, W. Janni, E. Solomayer, T. Fehm
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Introduktion: Several studies have indicated that the expression of predictive markers including ER and PR can change during course of disease. Therefoore, reassesment of of the prediktive markers at the time of disease progression might help to optimize treatment decisions. Metastatic tissue may be difficult to obtain for repeated analysis. In this context, characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) could be of relevance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was: (1) to reevaluate the ER/PR expression by circulating tumor cells and (2) to compare the hormone receptor status expression profile of CTC with the primary tumor. Materials and Methods: We ecaluated, 166 blood samples from metastatic breast cancer patients at the time of first diagnosis of first metastatic disease or disease progression. All samples underwent immunomagnetic enrichment using the AdnaTest BreastCancerSelect (AdnaGen AG, Germany) within 4 hours after blood withdrawal followed by RNA isolation and subsequent gene expression analysis by reverse transcription and Multiplex-PCR in separated tumor cells using the AdnaTest BreastCancerDetect. CTC were analyzed for the three breast cancer associated markers: GA733-2, Muc-1, Her-2 and β-actin as an internal PCR control. Expression of the estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor was assessed in an additional RT-PCR. The analysis of PCR products was performed by capillary electrophoresis on the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100. Results: The overall detection rate for CTC was 38% (63/166 patients) with the expression rates of 79% for EpCAM (50/63 patients), 77% for MUC1 (49/63 patients), 49% for HER2 (31/63 patients), 23% for ER (15/65 patients) and 11% for PR (7/65 patients), respectively. Comparisons with the primary tumor were only performed in CTC+ patients (n=65). In 41 of 65 (63%) patients with ER+ tumors, CTC were ER- and 38/65 (58%) patients with PR+ tumors did not express PR on CTC. Primary tumors and CTC displayed a concordant ER and PR status in only 34% and 61% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: Most of the CTC were ER/PR-negative despite the presence of an ER/PR-positive primary tumor. The predictive value of hormone receptor status expression profile of CTC for palliative endocrine therapy has to be prospectively evaluated. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3009.
Arthur John Whitworth
Authors: J. Dracass, J. McNaught
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Arthur John Whitworth (always known as John) was educated at Rugby School, where he developed an early interest in engineering, making, among other things, a clock for his school. When it came to choosing a career he pursued his interest in medicine but never lost his interest in mechanical devices.

He attended St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge, and completed his clinical training at the London Hospital. After a year as an “assistant without a view” he entered general practice in Totton, Hampshire, where he spent the whole of his professional …
Cadmium in blood and urine--impact of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking--association of renal effects.
Authors: Ing-Marie Olsson, Inger Bensryd, Thomas Lundh, Helena Ottosson, Staffan Skerfving, Agneta Oskarsson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We studied determinants of cadmium status and kidney function in nonsmoking men and women living on farms in southern Sweden. Median blood Cd (BCd) was 1.8 nmol/L (range, 0.38-18) and median urinary Cd (UCd) was 0.23 nmol/mmol creatinine (range, 0.065-0.99). The intake of Cd per kilogram body weight did not significantly differ between sexes and did not correlate with BCd or UCd, which may be explained by a low and varying bioavailibility of Cd from food items. However, when a subgroup of the study population, couples of never-smoking men and women, were compared, a lower intake per kilogram body weight was found in the women, but the women had a 1.8 times higher BCd and a 1.4 times higher UCd. The higher female BCd and UCd may be explained by higher absorption due to low iron status. BCd and UCd both increased with age and were higher in the ex-smokers, who had stopped smoking more than 5 years before the study, compared to never-smokers. The contribution of locally produced food to the total Cd intake was relatively low and varied. Males living in areas with low soil Cd had lower UCd than the others. However, Cd levels in kidneys from pigs, fed locally produced cereals, did not predict BCd or UCd in humans at the same farms. The kidney function parameter ss2-microglobulin-creatinine clearance was related to UCd, whereas urinary protein-HC, N-acetyl-ss-glucoseaminidase or albumin-creatinine clearance was not when age was accounted for. Hence, even at the low exposure levels in this study population, there was an indication of effect on biochemical markers of renal function.
Hepatitis B and the HB-SAg carrier. An outbreak related to sexual contact
Authors: R. A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Within six months, acute viral hepatitis, type B, developed in three individuals associated with a nursing home in Denver. This attack rate, 1.4 cases per 100 patients and employees, was apparently higher than the reported incidence of hepatitis B in Denver during the same period. Parenteral inoculations could not be implicated as the means of acquiring hepatitis B. However, two of the hepatitis patients had had sexual contact within six months before their illness with an employee who was an insulin-dependent diabetic and a symptomatic carrier of HB-Sg. In addition, anti-HB-S antibodies were detected in his homosexual roommate. Although the chronic carrier was a food-handler, a seroepidemiologic survey of the employee population showed no spread of HB-Sag by means of food or casual contact. Only 1 (4.6%) of 22 employees tested had anti-HB-S antibodies. These results suggest that household and, in particular, sexual contact with a symptomatic HB-SAg carrier may be an effective nonparenteral or inapparent parenteral mode of transmitting HB-SAg.
A new favourable effect of cocoa on atherosclerosis?
Authors: J. A. Paramo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated a role of different nutrients and phytochemicals in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, although the mechanisms are far from clear. Cocoa is one of the most concentrated sources of flavonols, a subgroup of the natural antioxidant compounds called flavonoids, also found in tea and red wine. Flavonoids, in turn, are a subgroup of compounds called polyphenols. Animal as well as human studies have shown beneficial changes in biological phenomena related to cardiovascular health after the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods such as cocoa, red wine, tea, and berries.1–3 Evidence that flavonol-rich cocoa contributes to health is convincing among Kuna Indians living off the coast of Panama, who have no increase in blood pressure with age and very low incidence of hypertension. The major chemical cocoa mediators have been identified, including the monomers epicatechin and catechin, and possibly procyanidins and metabolites.4 In a carefully controlled series of in vitro experiments, Lee et al. 5 present an article in this issue of Cardiovascular Research describing new protective effects of cocoa on cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, adding to the list of cocoa-related cardiovascular protective mechanisms.

Polyphenols affect pathways related to cardiovascular health by … 

*Corresponding author: Tel: +34 948296397; fax: +34 948296500. E-mail address: japaramo{at}unav.es
Effect of prostaglandin E1 on experimental acute hepatic failure in rabbits: prostaglandin E1 prevents the development of multiple-organ failure
Authors: Eiryo Kikuchi, Hiroshi Fukui, Masami Matsumoto, Shigenobu Tsujita, Munesuke Matsumoto, Masahiko Matsumura, Masahito Uemura, Tadasu Tsujii
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
A CASE OF URTICARIA AND TOXIC ERYTHEMA FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF MONO-IODO-CINCHOPHEN
Authors: Thomas H. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1931)

The case of urticaria and toxic erythema reported here is of especial interest in relation to the numerous cases of atrophy of the liver following the use of cincophen preparations which have appeared in the literature. As recently reviewed by Rabinowitz,<sup>1</sup>the chief symptoms in all cases were constitutional, and cutaneous manifestations, with the exception of jaundice, were apparently infrequent and relatively unimportant. In enumerating the earliest signs of toxicity, pruritus and urticaria are mentioned. Jaundice was not present in this case and the chief symptom, which caused the patient to seek relief, was extreme pruritus due to a generalized urticaria. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. M. W., aged 54, seen, Oct. 4, 1930, complained of a generalized pruritus of one day's duration, which was particularly marked on the palms and soles. Her general health had always been good except for frequent severe colds during the winter. There was no
687 THE HAPTOGLOBIN 1–1 GENOTYPE HAS A POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Authors: I. Tornai, P. Orosz, A. Par, F. Szalay, A. Csepregi, J. Harsfalvi, E. Palyu, M. Papp
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Predictive Validity of Bulimia Nervosa as a Diagnostic Category
Authors: Pamela K. Keel, James E. Mitchell, Kathryn B. Miller, Traci L. Davis, Scott J. Crow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to investigate the predictive validity of bulimia nervosa as a diagnostic category. METHOD: More than 10 years after they appeared as patients with bulimia nervosa, 177 women (participation rate=79.7%) completed follow-up assessments. RESULTS: Among the women with a current eating pathology, most engaged in recurrent binge eating and purging. Anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder were relatively uncommon. Eating disorder outcome was significantly related to the presence of mood, substance use, and impulse control disorders but not to the presence of anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the validity of bulimia nervosa as a diagnostic category that is distinct from anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, these results suggest that bulimic symptoms are associated with disorders involving distress and disinhibition.
Normalised intrinsic mortality risk in liver transplantation: European Liver Transplant Registry study
Authors: René Adam, Valérie Cailliez, Pietro Majno, Vincent Karam, Paul McMaster, Roy Y Calne, John O'Grady, Rudolf Pichlmayr, Peter Neuhaus, Jean-Bernard Otte, Krister Hoeckerstedt, Henri Bismuth
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Detection of JAK2 V617F as a first intention diagnostic test for erythrocytosis
Authors: C James, F Delhommeau, C Marzac, I Teyssandier, J-P Le Couédic, S Giraudier, L Roy, P Saulnier, L Lacroix, S Maury, M Tulliez, W Vainchenker, V Ugo, N Casadevall
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
CHARCOT'S FOOT
Authors: Ralph H. Major
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In the case of Charcot's foot reported here, the picture presented by the patient's feet, as shown in figure 1, was very striking. At first glance it suggested a developmental anomaly or the condition of feet that have been treated to some mutilating process, such as the classic foot binding in China. The patient's statement that he formerly wore number 10 shoes but now wore nothing larger than a 6 added at first to this confusion of the disease picture. A careful history with the results of the examination made clear, however, what the condition really was. In 1910, the patient, then aged 46, weighed 350 pounds (159 Kg.) and wore number 10 shoes. He was at that time employed in an occupation that kept him on his feet a great deal, and calluses appeared on the soles of both feet. Following these calluses, an abrasion appeared on
Monitoring body criticises hospital for mixed sex wards
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Slow progress in phasing out mixed sex wards has been criticised in a report on Lewisham Hospital NHS Trust published last week by the Commission for Health Improvement, highlighting the difficulty that some older UK hospitals are facing in moving to single sex wards and providing greater privacy for patients.

The commission report carried out a clinical governance review between July 2001 and January 2002, which assessed arrangements within three clinical teams—care of older people, orthopaedic services, and paediatric services—at Lewisham Hospital NHS …
Oxfam calls for new regulations to reduce unnecessary hysterectomies in private hospitals
Authors: S. Bhaumik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The charity Oxfam has called for immediate action to stop doctors conducting unnecessary hysterectomies in Indian private healthcare facilities.

The private sector provides 80% of outpatient care and 40% of inpatient care in India, it said.1 However, evidence from recent scientific studies and surveys indicated that gynaecologists in private hospitals and clinics have been recommending and performing hysterectomies on women when the operations were not clinically indicated.

Araddhya Mehtta, global health spokesperson for Oxfam, said, “The trend is seen all over India but is particularly disturbing in Rajasthan, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh, where doctors simply abuse their power of being a doctor. When women come with abdomen pain, doctors prescribe hysterectomy to women from poor economic backgrounds, telling them that it might be a cancer or a hole or a stone in …
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) following allogeneic stem cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Siddhartha Ganguly, George Carrum, Frank Nizzi, Helen E. Heslop, Uday Popat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious complication of transfusion characterized by dyspnea, hypoxemia, hypotension, fever, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Although the frequency is estimated at 1/1,120 to 1/5,000 transfusions, few cases have been reported after hematopoietic stem cell transplant. We report a case occurring in an allogeneic transplant recipient who developed acute respiratory distress and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates 2 hr after a platelet transfusion due to the presence of anti granulocyte antibody HNA‐3a in the product. As there is a wide differential diagnosis for pulmonary infiltrates developing post transplant, TRALI may be under‐recognized and should be considered in this setting. Am. J. Hematol. 75:48–51, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiological Study of the Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: LEON D. OSTRANDER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Electrocardiograms from 5,129 examined persons, 2,449 men and 2,680 women, 16 years of age or older, were classified according to the Minnesota code of Blackburn and associates. The R wave amplitude criteria for possible left ventricular hypertrophy were fulfilled in 193 tracings from 135 men and 58 women. Age and sex matched controls were randomly selected from the remainder of the examined population for similar measurement. Those with high amplitude R waves and their controls were grouped according to age, sex, and possible cause for anatomical left ventricular enlargement. Precise measurements were made of all the amplitudes and intervals necessary for the application of a variety of other differential items from current diagnostic criteria. The prevalence of the various differential items in the high amplitude and control groups and the frequency with which each was associated with a cause for enlargement indicated their relative sensitivity and specificity. Among the individuals with electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy according to the Minnesota criteria, there were more persons in the upper and lower quintiles of the relative weight distributions, more hypertensives, more persons with roentgenographic evidence of cardiomegaly, and fewer persons in congestive heart failure than among the controls, but the differences were slight. Most QRS amplitude items were too nonspecific to be of much diagnostic value among young men, and the same items apparently lack sensitivity when applied to the tracings from older women. The items which constitute the Minnesota criteria are useful for screening purposes. Single items are unreliable for the detection of left ventricular hypertrophy and certain combinations are suggested to improve diagnostic accuracy. Still the electrocardiogram is often an inexact method for the recognition of left ventricular hypertrophy and the diagnosis should be based on careful physical and roentgenographic examinations as well.
Antithymocyte Globulin Treatment in Patients with Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Richard Champlin, Winston ho, Robert Peter Gale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We evaluated the efficacy of antithymocyte globulin for the treatment of moderate to severe aplastic anemia in a randomized controlled study. Eleven of 21 patients initially randomized to receive antithymocyte globulin (given intravenously on eight consecutive days) had sustained improvement in hematopoiesis within three months of treatment; none of 21 control patients who received supportive care alone improved (P = 0.0005). Six of 12 control patients who subsequently received antithymocyte globulin improved. Responders had gradual improvement in hematopoiesis, but none recovered completely normal peripheral-blood counts. The severity of bone-marrow failure, age, cause of aplastic anemia, and transfusion history had no apparent bearing on treatment outcome. The interval from diagnosis to antithymocyte globulin treatment correlated inversely with the chance of a treatment response, although this correlation was not statistically significant. These data indicate that antithymocyte globulin is effective in improving hematopoiesis in some patients with aplastic anemia.
Anatomic Assessment of Operability by the Saphenous-Vein Bypass Operation in Coronary-Artery Disease
Authors: Robert L. Berger, Herbert C. Stary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The distribution of obstructive coronary-artery lesions was studied in 300 hearts at autopsy to assess the potential of aortocoronary bypass. A vessel with a proximal obstructive lesion occupying more than 50 per cent of the coronary lumen and with a distal arterial segment suitable for anastomosis was regarded as operable. In general the obstructive lesions were proximal and multifocal. In the 300 hearts, 576 vessels were stenosed. Thus, 1.92 lesions per heart were encountered. The distal arterial segments were suitable for an anastomosis in 266 hearts. In 185 subjects all the obstructive lesions could have been bypassed, but in 81 only partial correction of the flow deficit would have been feasible. In 88 per cent of the hearts and 67 per cent of the lesions, the pattern of coronary-artery disease provided a favorable anatomic setting for the aortocoronary saphenous bypass operation.
THE RÔLE OF PHARMACOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: C. D. LEAKE
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Since no drug is quite ideal for its purpose, stimulus exists for commercial as well as scientific efforts to develop better drugs than any now in use for a particular clinical effect. Scientifically, such an effort is usually based on some phase of what may be called biochemorphology,1i. e., the relation between chemical constitution and biologic action. A chemist, after considering, for instance, the biochemorphic aspects of hypnotics, synthesizes a new substance, which is found to have hypnotic action. Commercially there now comes a strong temptation to introduce the new agent clinically without furnishing physicians sufficient comparative scientific data to enable them to judge whether or not it has advantages recommending it over hypnotics already in common use. One would be naive indeed to believe that the pharmaceutic concern developing the new hypnotic could give unbiased judgment on this point. But it is thus that the hopeful good
Angiography of Vascular Disease
Authors: Harvey A. Koolpe
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It was the editor's goal for this book to provide a source of information for both radiologists and surgeons who have an interest in vascular disease. It therefore was hoped that the sections dealing with the techniques for each procedure would be current and useful for reference and that the clinical information would reflect the mainstream of current surgical thought. Unfortunately, I was disappointed with many of the techniques that were described, which reflect older thinking. A few examples will suffice. There is no mention of the one-wall arterial needle, which has been available from several manufacturers for more than five years,<sup>1</sup>while the Seldinger needle is the only one illustrated in a classic two-wall puncture of the common femoral artery. No mention is made of the old and important refinement of advancing the needle in the lumen of the vessel while watching blood return to reduce the chances
Prolonged Venous Catheterization as a Cause of Sepsis
Authors: Helen Smits, Lawrence R. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

A SURVEY of all patients with positive blood cultures on the adult medical and surgical services of the Yale–New Haven Hospital was begun in January, 1966, to study the incidence, etiology and clinical course of sepsis in this medical center. It soon became apparent that polyethylene cannulas, whether placed for intravenous therapy or to measure venous pressure, were a major cause of sepsis in this hospital. The purpose of this report is to describe 10 patients, 9 with septicemia and 1 with endocarditis, in whom bloodstream dissemination of bacteria resulted from infection complicating venous eatheterization, and to make suggestions regarding diagnosis, . . .
Mixed Phenotype Lymphomas of B10.H-2a-H-4bP/Wts Mice: Characterization of Component Cell Populations
Authors: P. B. Willoughby, G. Haughton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Three murine lymphomas of H-2a origin were investigated. Each of these lymphomas was derived in B10.H-2aH-4bp/Wts (2a4b) mice after a hyperimmunization protocol involving sheep red blood cells. Analysis of cell suspensions derived from the splenic tumors revealed a mixed lymphoid phenotype of the total cell population. Both the T-cell and B-cell populations remained after multiple passages of the tumors in syngeneic mice. A multiparameter approach combining immunologic and molecular genetic techniques was taken to determine the malignant cell population within these lymphomas. This analysis included depletion experiments utilizing histocompatible (B10.A × 21M)F1 mice to distinguish normal host-derived cells from the malignant tumor cells, fluorescence-activated cell sorting of the two cell populations followed by in vivo growth of the sorted cells, in vitro and in vivo cloning attempts, and molecular analysis of genomic DNA derived from the splenic tumors for clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain and T-cell receptor loci. Each of the three lymphomas was shown to be a malignant B-cell tumor that has an associated nonneoplastic T-cell component. The nature and functional significance of the numerous T-cells present in the B-cell lymphomas remain unknown and are being investigated.