tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circulating tumour cell (CTC) detection: a direct comparison between the CellSearch system, the AdnaTest, CK19/MAM RT-PCR and unmethylated/methylated free DNA in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: I Van Der Auwera, H Elst, I Benoy, A Prové, H Wuyts, H Maes, P Van Dam, P Huget, P Vermeulen, L Dirix
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5025 Introduction: The detection, enumeration and isolation of CTC has considerable potential to influence the clinical management of patients with breast cancer. There is however a substantial variability in the rates of positive samples using existing detection techniques. This study was designed to compare the sensitivities and specificities of three techniques for detecting CTC in blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Furthermore, correlations between CTC and circulating total and tumor-related methylated DNA were investigated.&amp;#x2028; Material and Methods: The presence of CTC in blood samples of 80 patients with MBC and 20 healthy controls was assessed by two commercial systems: i) the CellSearch System (Veridex LLC, Warren, NJ), in which epithelial cells are immunomagnetically separated and fluorescently labeled, and nucleated (DAPI+) cells with the EpCAM+, cytokeratin (CK) 8/18/19+, and CD45- phenotype are counted as CTC and ii) the AdnaTest and a real-time qRT-PCR assay for the detection of CK-19 and mammaglobin (MAM) transcripts. Plasma total DNA levels were measured by a qPCR method. Sera were analyzed by methylation-specific qPCR for three methylated markers: APC, RASSF1A and ESR1. The results obtained with AdnaTest are being analyzed and will be presented at the meeting.&amp;#x2028; Results: Numbers of CTC identified by the CellSearch test were significantly higher in blood samples of patients with MBC than in healthy controls: the median number of CTC detected in 7.5 ml of blood was 1 (range 0-2617) in patients with MBC and 0 (range 0-1) in controls (P&amp;lt;0.001). Using ≥2 cells as a threshold for positivity, which corresponds to 100% specificity in the control population, 34% of samples from patients with MBC were positive with the CellSearch test. Using a cut-off to ensure 100% specificity in the control population, 31% of patients were positive for CK-19, 49% for MAM and 61% for CK-19 and/or MAM by qRT-PCR. When the CellSearch test and the qRT-PCR for CK-19 and MAM were compared, the concordance was 57%. Positive samples with the CellSearch test, but not with the qRT-PCR assay, also showed significantly higher levels of circulating total DNA and were more likely to be positive for one of the methylated DNA markers in serum.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion : We observed a substantial variation in the detection rates of CTC in blood from breast cancer patients using different techniques. A higher rate of positive samples was observed using a combined qRT-PCR approach for CK-19 and MAM, which suggests that this is currently the most sensitive technique for detecting CTC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5025.
Look, Ma! No pneumococcus!
Authors: C Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Pneumococcal diseases, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, include pneumonia and otitis media, which accounts for some 12 million doctor visits per year in the United States alone. Each year around the world, pneumococcus causes 1.2 million deaths due to pneumonia, 39% of which are in children under the age of five. In a three-year Phase III clinical trial involving 38,000 children, in which half of the infants received a new pneumococcal vaccine and half received a placebo vaccine, the new vaccine demonstrated an efficacy rate of 100% against bacterial meningitis and bacteremia, the two most deadly pneumococcal afflictions.
Academic medicine: who is it for?
Authors: Selena Gray
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Reichenbach and Brown point out the need to build an evidence base to start discussion of gender issues in academic medicine.1 The Medical Women's Federation strongly supports this recommendation.

It is particularly striking that the recent report from the Council of Heads of Medical Schools, which detailed a worrying decline in the numbers of clinical academics in the United Kingdom over the period 2001-3, contained no data on the male:female ratio of clinical academics.2 Given these serious concerns about the current and future clinical academic work-force, together with the current demo-graphy of medical schools,3 I think that it would be extremely helpful to have background data on the sex of clinical academics. This would help to ensure that universities are drawing on the widest possible pool of talents, or if they are not, to consider what if any further action is required.
Gastric Restrictive Surgery
Authors: Robert E. Brolin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> This letter pertains to the DATTA survey on gastric restrictive surgery for morbid obesity published in the March 10 issue of<i>JAMA</i>.<sup>1</sup>I think the editors are to be commended for publishing this survey in a journal that has a predominantly nonsurgical readership. The discussion of the subject of surgical treatment for morbid obesity that followed the results of the survey was succinct, up-to-date, and accurate. However, as a surgeon who has performed gastric restriction operations for more than 8 years, I was distressed by the fact that such a large minority of the respondents thought gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty to be investigational. These two operations have been used in the treatment of morbid obesity for nearly a decade. It has been estimated that more than 25 000 gastric restriction operations are performed annually in the United States for treatment of morbid obesity.
Tropical Pyomyositis
Authors: ROBERT G. SCHIFF, LAWRENCE SILVER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Pyomyositis is a Staphylococcus aureus infection of muscles reported primarily in tropical countries but seen with increasing frequency in temperate climates. Because of its rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may not be considered immediately, and involved muscles may break down and become abscessed. Diagnosis is most reliably made by the recovery of pus from a muscle aspirate. Ga-67 scan findings of an interesting case of pyomyositis involving many muscle groups in both upper and lower extremities is reported. Despite arthralgias and complicating adult respiratory distress syndrome, Ga-67 correctly localized the infection to muscles in the shoulders, upper thorax, buttocks, and thighs. A bone scan was negative, excluding the possibility of extension of the infection to bone.
Prospective validation of an immunohistochemical panel (glypican 3, heat shock protein 70 and glutamine synthetase) in liver biopsies for diagnosis of very early hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Silvia Tremosini, Alejandro Forner, Loreto Boix, Ramon Vilana, Luis Bianchi, Maria Reig, Jordi Rimola, Carlos Rodríguez-Lope, Carmen Ayuso, Manel Solé, Jordi Bruix
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Conventional pathological analysis fails to achieve sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in small nodules. Immunohistochemical staining for glypican 3 (GPC3), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glutamine synthetase (GS) has been suggested to allow a confident diagnosis but no prospective study has established the diagnostic accuracy of this approach. The aim of this study is to assess prospectively the diagnostic accuracy of a panel of markers (GPC3, HSP70, GS) for the diagnosis of HCC in patients with cirrhosis with a small (5–20 mm) nodule detected by ultrasound screening. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixty patients with cirrhosis with a single nodule 5–20 mm newly detected by ultrasound were included in the study. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, magnetic resonance and fine needle biopsy of the nodule (gold standard) were performed; the biopsy was repeated in case of diagnostic failures. Three consecutive sections of the first biopsy sample with meaningful material were stained with antibodies against GPC3, HSP70 and GS. <h3>Results</h3> Forty patients were diagnosed with HCC. The sensitivity and specificity for HCC diagnosis were: GPC3 57.5% and 95%, HSP70 57.5% and 85%, GS 50% and 90%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the different combinations were: GPC3+HSP70 40% and 100%; GPC3+GS 35% and 100%; HSP70+GS 35% and 100%; GPC3+HSP70+GS 25% and 100%. When at least two of the markers were positive (regardless of which), the sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 100%, respectively. Conventional pathological analysis yielded three false negative results, but the addition of this panel only correctly classified one of these cases as HCC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data within a prospective study establish the clinical usefulness of this panel of markers for the diagnosis of early HCC. However, the panel only slightly increases the diagnostic accuracy in an expert setting.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides in Human Body Fat in the United States
Authors: Mitchell R. Zavon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE DISTRIBUTION of pesticides in the environment has become a matter of considerable interest throughout the world. Those compounds which are known to accumulate in body fat have excited particular attention, and reports of the body burden of these chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides have appeared from time to time.<sup>1-6</sup>The most widely used insecticide, DDT, is stored in body fat and has been the most intensively studied of all of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Recently Hoffman et al<sup>5</sup>reported the DDT content of human body fat from 282 persons, presumably in the Chicago area. They found lindane in all but five of the 282 samples and, in a separate analysis, found dieldrin in only 29 of 64 samples. They were unable to identify endrin in any of the 64 selected samples. Recent developments in analytic methods<sup>3,7</sup>have made possible the analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in human fat
Doctors and politicians call for tighter rules on commissioners' conflicts of interest, after BMJ investigation
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK Labour party has called for new rules to bar GPs from taking part in any commissioning decision in which they could be perceived to have a financial interest, in response to the BMJ investigation last week,1 which found widespread conflicts in new clinical commissioning groups.

The BMJ analysis, which found that more than a third of GPs on the governing bodies of new groups had financial interests in private providers through shares or directorships, sparked a political debate about the effects of the government’s reorganisation of the health service.

Labour’s shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, said that the findings showed there was a “real risk” that the doctor-patient relationship would be “corroded,” and he urged the government to tighten the rules.

The BMA and the Royal College of General …
A protective effect of verapamil on hypoxic heart muscle
Authors: W. G. NAYLER, A. GRAU, A. SLADE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Hypoxic-induced damage of rabbit heart muscle has been quantitated in terms of the release of intracellular enzymes (including creating phosphokinase, CPK) into the extracellular space, a gain in tissue Na+ and Ca2+, a loss of tissue K+, the depletion of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) reserves, and ultrastructural damage. This ultrastructural damage incolves the disruption of the plasmalemma, swelling and distortion of the mitochondria, disruption of the myofilaments, and the development of contraction bands. In isolated Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts perfused under either aerobie (pO2 greater than 80.0 kPa [600 mm Hg]) or hypoxie (pO2 less than 0.80 kPa [6 mmHg]) conditions, and either with or without glucose substrate, 0.5-1.0 mg/litre dl verapamil reduced the amount of ultrastructural damage caused by hypoxie perfusion. Verapamil (0.5-1.0 mg/litre) also reduced the rate at which the hypoxie muscle gained Na+ and lost K+; it reduced the rate at which the endogenous stores of ATP and CP were depleted and, provided that the extracellular phase contained Ca2+, it decreased the rate at which CPK appeared in the coronary effluent. Verapamil failed to prevent the hypoxie muscle from gaining Ca2+. These results are discussed in terms of a possible protective effect of dl verapamil on hypoxie heart muscle.
AstraZeneca is to stop research into 10 diseases to cut costs
Authors: A. Jack
Journal: BMJ (2010)

AstraZeneca, the Anglo-Swedish pharmaceutical group, is to reduce its staff, shut operations, and cease research into several diseases as part of a wide ranging restructuring, unveiled at the start of March.

The company will close some research centres in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the United States and is set to cut 3500 posts in research and development by 2014. When new jobs are taken into account, the net loss of jobs is likely to be 1800.

It will stop all future research into 10 diseases, including acid reflux, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, which represent some of the company’s …
Essentials of Pain Medicine
Authors: Devi E. Nampiaparampil
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can States Take the Lead in Health Care Reform?
Authors: Marilyn Moon
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ENTHUSIASM for tackling problems with health care reform is not limited to the federal level. The slow pace of decision making at the federal level and the sense of crisis often surrounding states' Medicaid programs have helped to spur states into making their own plans. Several states already have implemented or sought to implement major changes in their health care systems. A number of other states have engaged in serious discussions about policy changes that could result in major reform of their health care systems. These options range from incremental approaches that tackle only a part of the issue to full-fledged proposals to put all health care under a single system at the state level. For example, the state of Hawaii has an employer mandate that has been in place since 1974. Oregon has captured the attention of many for one aspect of its health care plan—the explicit rationing that
RAPID QUANTIFICATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION USING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SPECKLE TRACKING OF THE MITRAL ANNULAR PLANE
Authors: Wendy Tsang, Sonal Chandra, Amit Patel, Lissa Sugeng, Ivan S. Salgo, Lynn Weinert, Victor Mor-Avi, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in stent deployment on 6-month restenosis rate: a multicenter, randomized study comparing two strategies—with and without intravascular ultrasound guidance
Authors: François Schiele, Nicolas Meneveau, Alain Vuillemenot, Da Dong Zhang, Sanjiv Gupta, Mariette Mercier, Nicolas Danchin, Bernard Bertrand, Jean-Pierre Bassand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Abstract LB-348: Identifying novel oncogenes in ovarian cancer using integrative genomics and gene-knock downs
Authors: Manasa Ramakrishna, Louise H. Williams, Jennifer L. Bearfoot, Samantha E. Boyle, Anita Sridhar, Sally Davis, Kylie L. Gorringe, Ian G. Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is a disease characterised by complex genomic rearrangements but the majority of the genes that are the target of these alterations remain unidentified. Cataloguing these target genes will provide useful insights into the disease etiology and may provide an opportunity to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. To expedite identification of ovarian oncogenes we have integrated matching gene copy number and gene expression data from a cohort of 68 primary epithelial ovarian cancers to identify genes in regions of most frequent amplification with the strongest correlation with expression and copy number. Chromosomes 3, 7, 8, and 20 were most frequently increased in copy number (&amp;gt;40% of samples). Within these regions, 703/1370 (51%) unique gene expression probesets were differentially expressed when samples with gain were compared to samples without gain. 41% of these differentially expressed probesets also showed a strong positive correlation (r≥0.6) between expression and copy number. We also identified 21 regions of high amplitude copy number gain, in which 43 known protein coding genes showed a strong positive correlation between expression and copy number. We have verified previously known ovarian oncogenes such as ERBB2 and also identified novel potential oncogenic drivers such as PUF60 (SIAHBP1) and TPX2. Functional characterisation and mutation analysis of these novel oncogene candidates will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-348.
Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: A. P. Ross, G. C. Brill
Journal: BMJ (1974)

formed first in patients with massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.If this is un- successful in locating the bleeding point, then arteriography should follow.Vaso- constricting drugs may then be infused if the bleeding site is demonstrated.This may be either the definitive treatment or may allow the patient to undergo surgery in a more stable condition.Those patients in whom stress ulcers6 or varices can be domonstrated by endoscopy are particularly suitable candidates for selective vaso- constrictor infusions if other medical methods fail, since surgery is particularly hazardous in these patients.The performance of these procedures is dependent upon the availability of trained radiologists and technicians and the proper facilities.These requirements are becoming more easily met and are within the reach of most larger hospitals.We feel that the present place and future potential of angio- graphy in gastrointestinal bleeding need to be emphasized.-Weare, etc.,
Effect of bicarbonate on efficacy of oral rehydration therapy: studies in an experimental model of secretory diarrhoea.
Authors: E J Elliott, A J Watson, J A Walker-Smith, M J Farthing
Journal: Gut (1988)

In situ perfusion of rat intestine was used to evaluate the effect of bicarbonate on the efficacy of a low sodium (35 mmol/l) glucose-electrolyte oral rehydration solution in normal and cholera toxin-treated rat small intestine. In normal intestine, absorption of water was greater (108 (8.1) microliters/min/g; p less than 0.01) and sodium secretion less (-4.3 (0.3) mumol/min/g; p less than 0.01) from the oral rehydration solution containing bicarbonate than from the solution in which bicarbonate was replaced by chloride ions (59.5 (7.2) microliters/min/g and -7.8 (0.8) mumol/min/g, respectively). Glucose absorption in normal intestine was similar with both solutions. In the secreting intestine, both oral rehydration solutions reversed net water secretion to absorption, but inclusion of bicarbonate resulted in significantly less net absorption of both water (2.18 (6.9) microliters/min/g; p less than 0.05) and glucose (18.7 (2.1) mumol/min/g; p less than 0.001) compared with bicarbonate free oral rehydration solution (19.4 (3.9) microliters/min/g and 35.8 (3.7) mumol/min/g, respectively). Net sodium secretion occurred in normal and secreting intestine but was significantly less with the bicarbonate containing oral rehydration solution. These findings suggest that the demonstrable advantage of bicarbonate in promoting water absorption from this oral rehydration solution in normal rat intestine does not apply to cholera toxin treated secreting intestine.
A Phase II Trial of Carboplatin and Weekly Topotecan in the First-Line Treatment of Patients with Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: David R. Spigel, John D. Hainsworth, Jitendra G. Gandhi, Victor G. Gian, James D. Peyton, Kimberly West-Osterfield, Bobby L. Clark, Elizabeth R. Vazquez, Suzanne F. Jones, Howard A. Burris, F. Anthony Greco
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
OCULAR DISTURBANCES IN PREGNANCY AND DURING THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: NELSON M. BLACK
Journal: JAMA (1923)

During pregnancy, numerous changes are manifest in the eyes and their adnexa that are normal to the state and disappear with its termination. Not infrequently, however, disturbances of vision arise in the course of gestation and during the puerperium which are danger signals of the greatest importance. These visual disturbances may be the first indication of the gravest danger to the life of the woman, or the first symptoms of disease of the various ocular structures which may terminate in diminished vision or even blindness.  All the elements necessary for the growth of the fetus and for the promotion of its metabolic activity are derived from the maternal body, which must also take care of the waste products arising from the increasing cell activity. While the pregnant state is a physiologic condition, there is, nevertheless, an enormous demand made on the reserve material of the maternal body. In addition, there
Efficient control of gene expression in the hematopoietic system using a single Tet-on inducible lentiviral vector
Authors: Isabelle Barde, Maria Antonietta Zanta-Boussif, Sylvain Paisant, Marylene Leboeuf, Philippe Rameau, Christophe Delenda, Olivier Danos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

This work addresses the problem of efficient control of gene expression in the context of viral vectors, which still represents a difficult challenge. A number of lentiviral vectors incorporating the different elements of regulatable transcriptional systems have been described, but they fail to perform satisfactorily either because of a poor dynamic range of transcription levels or because they display high background activities in the uninduced state and mediocre inducer response. We report here on the systematic comparison of vector designs containing the elements of the doxycycline-inducible Tet-on system in their most advanced versions (rtTA2S-M2 transactivator and tTS(Kid) repressor). We show that a simple "all-in-one" vector can be obtained and used for efficient control of transgene expression in long-term tissue culture and in the hematopoietic system of mice following bone marrow transplantation. Using this vector, the uninduced state can be kept at background levels and induction factors of 100-fold are repeatedly obtained over months both in tissue culture and in vivo. Interestingly, the low background activity of the all-in-one vector renders the use of the tTS repressor dispensable, avoiding the problem of progressive loss of inducibility over time associated with irreversible modifications of the chromatin surrounding proviral sequences.