tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dax's Case: Essays in Medical Ethics and Human Meaning
Authors: Stanley B. Troup
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Donald "Dax" Cowart, a vigorous amateur athlete and recent air force jet pilot, was 25 years old in mid-1973 when he and his father were victims of a pipeline explosion in east Texas. His father succumbed within hours, but Dax survived. He suffered more than 65% body burns, was blinded and facially disfigured, and lost both hands. From the earliest moments following the explosion, Cowart insisted on being permitted to die. This was not allowed, and the events of the years that have followed might only have been written as fiction by Kafka. Cowart's case has been presented to broad audiences of students and professionals via videotape and film (<i>Please Let Me Die and Dax's Case</i>) and probably is the single most discussed and debated case in medical ethics since Karen Quinlan. The essays collected and edited by Dr Kliever were written in response to the viewing of the<i>film</i>
TCT-84 Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography in Guiding Management to Optimize Outcomes in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAMOUS - NSTEMI) Clinical Trial: Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of Randomized Participants.
Authors: Jamie Layland, Arvind Sood, Nick Curzen, Kanarath Balachandran, Rajiv Das, Shahid Junejo, Matthew M. Lee, Nadeem Ahmed, Ahmed M. Mahrous, Andrew Beck, Hany Eteiba, Mark C. Petrie, Martin M. Lindsay, Stuart Hood, Stuart Watkins, Margaret B. McEntegart, Colum Owens, Andrew Davie, Eileen Peat, Robert A. Henderson, Andrew Briggs, Ian Ford, Keith G. Oldroyd, Colin Berry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Viral hepatitis. Light at the end of the tunnel
Authors: H. J. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

AFTER decades of investigative frustration, it now appears that the viruses causing both type A and B hepatitis have been identified, that clear-cut serologic distinctions between these infectious agents have been demonstrated, and that a practical basis for a type B hepatitis vaccine has been established. These events have derived from the explosive proliferation of hepatitis research that followed the first description of the Australia antigen in 1965 by Blumberg et al.<sup>1</sup>This commentary will not deal with the many important early discoveries in this area that have been extensively reviewed,<sup>2,3</sup>but will focus on more recent findings that provide an experimental framework for our emerging concept of the agents responsible for viral hepatitis. <h3>The Dane Particle</h3> In addition to its clinical association with viral hepatitis, the Australia antigen, hereafter referred to as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HB<sub>s</sub>Ag), became a candidate for the elusive type
Predicting idiopathic toxicity of cisplatin by a pharmacometabonomic approach
Authors: Hyuk Nam Kwon, Mina Kim, He Wen, Sunmi Kang, Hye-ji Yang, Myung-Joo Choi, Hee Seung Lee, DalWoong Choi, In Suh Park, Young Ju Suh, Soon-Sun Hong, Sunghyouk Park
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Apocynin attenuates tubular apoptosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in transgenic mice independent of hypertension
Authors: Fang Liu, Chih-Chang Wei, Shyh-Jong Wu, Isabelle Chenier, Shao-Ling Zhang, Janos G. Filep, Julie R. Ingelfinger, John S.D. Chan
Journal: Kidney International (2008)
Studies on the Mechanism of the Abnormal Sodium Excretion in Arterial Hypertension
Authors: IRWIN B. HANENSON, EDMOND RICANATI, NATHAN POLASKY
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Individuals with uncomplicated essential hypertension exhibit an abnormally high excretion of sodium and an associated impairment of urinary diluting and concentrating ability. Various possibilities have been considered to explain these related excretory changes including a solute diuresis resulting from diminished proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium, a reduction in sodium reabsorption from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and an increase in medullary blood flow. Evidence has been presented that does not support a defect in the sodium transport mechanism. On the other hand, the observed excretory abnormalities, when considered in terms of the reported pressure-dependent nature of the medullary circulation, could result from an increase in blood flow through the vasa recta secondary to the arterial hypertension.
13 TELBIVUDINE (LDT) PLUS PEG-INTERFERON (PEGIFN) IN HBEAG-POSITIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B – VERY POTENT ANTIVIRAL EFFICACY BUT RISK OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY (PN)
Authors: P. Marcellin, C. Avila, K. Wursthorn, W.-L. Chuang, G.K. Lau, C.-Y. Peng, E.J. Gane, H. Fainboim, M.P. Manns, N.V. Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Snuff Dipper's Cancer
Authors: David Schottenfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

A survey of mortality from oral cancer (of the buccal cavity and pharynx) in the United States from 1950 to 1969 revealed contrasting patterns for men and women.1 Mortality among men predominated in the Northeast; in contrast, the mortality was higher in women in the Southeast. Cancers for which tobacco and alcohol are major determinants in the United States (i.e., those of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus) occur with greater frequency in men, blacks, and lower socioeconomic groups, and with increasing urbanization and increasing age. The proportion of cancers of the mouth and pharynx that are attributable to . . .
The Language of Medicine: Its Evolution, Structure and Dynamics
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Prominently displayed on the back cover  the publisher's claim that this book is immediately acclaimed as a classic by all who read it. Such remarkable hyperbole must not remain unchallenged, even though a rigorous critic will admit that this slim paperback  entertaining, instructive, and often thought-provoking.  The author, a physician, dissects the English language as it relates to medicine. After providing a short section on the history of our language, he pays particular attention to the roots and derivations of medical terms, especially origins in Latin and, to a lesser degree, Greek. Other chapters take up, in discursive fashion, various curiosities, literary references, borrowings from other languages, eponyms, and the like. Jargon and slang, neologisms and abbreviations, gobbledygook, errors of various kinds, including grammatical mistakes and barbarisms, and various cognate topics all receive attention.  The author admits that the subtitle—the Evolution, Structure and Dynamics of medical language—is pretentious
Is the Tumor Board Doomed?
Authors: Bruce H. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> For many years most hospitals in the United States have employed a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of cases of neoplastic disease, using the tumor board as its major vehicle for the discussion, recommendations, follow-up, and educational aspects of such cases. The fragmentation of the practice of medicine into numerous busy, highly developed specialties and subspecialties in recent years has had a devastating effect on the attendance at tumor board meetings and has tended to place the primary responsibility for care on those physicians in subspecialty areas and in the field of oncology. These subspecialists, moreover, have developed their own conferences and educational sessions and have tended to withdraw from the general tumor board sessions. In general, the more profound effects of this have been seen in the larger hospitals where specialization is the greatest. Because of these difficulties with our own sessions, the members of the
Cancer isn't the only malignant disease
Authors: E. Moulder
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Tom was an inpatient for most of my six months on the vascular firm. Sometimes he'd be under the cardiologists, occasionally at home. His peripheral vascular disease meant horribly ulcerated legs and renal failure; his many heart attacks had left him with virtually no left ventricular function. Phlebotomy was impossible because of his gross oedema and he had reached the stage where he couldn't breathe sitting upright, let alone lying down with pillows. The nurses constantly battled to get him into bed and elevate his legs.

> Tom was in more distress than any cancer patient I have seen 

Tom was in more distress—so causing me more stress—than any cancer patient I have ever seen. I argued with senior staff about the need to keep checking his climbing Us and Es and received little clear direction or management. As he refused amputation and had visible swelling, it seemed obvious to me that a terminal cardiac event or sepsis would take over sooner or later. …
Endoscopic sphincterotomy-related perforation in the common bile duct successfully treated by placement of a covered metal stent
Authors: H. Jeon, J. Han, S. Park, S. Youn, H. Chae, S. Yoon
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

An 82-year-old woman with cholangitis and common bile duct (CBD) stones underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). An endoscopic sphincterotomy was carried out using an electrosurgical unit with a standard pull sphincterotome. Multiple stones were removed using an extraction balloon, and subsequently, the patient had no pain or fever and a chest radiograph showed no free air. However, 2 days later the patient complained of abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed retroperitoneal air and fluid ([Fig. 1]).
Patterns of hepatitis B prevalence and seroconversion in hemodialysis units from three continents: The DOPPS
Authors: Rachel A. Burdick, Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham, John D. Woods, Sara A. Hedderwick, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Christian Combe, Akira Saito, John Labrecque, Friedrich K. Port, Eric W. Young
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Experiments on army volunteers in Israel will be overseen by the health ministry
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Personnel in the Israel Defence Forces who served in tests of antidotes for anthrax, nerve gas, and other toxic substances will soon be protected under supervision of the health ministry.

Clinical trials in the military began more than 35 years ago and have continued to this day without the army’s medical corps informing the participants what pills they are given and the risks.

Physicians for Human Rights-Israel petitioned the High Court of Justice on behalf of soldiers of various ages who took part in the unsupervised experiments without …
527 SUSTAINED HCV CLEARANCE AND INCREASED HBSAG SEROCLEARANCE IN PATIENTS WITH DUAL CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND B POST-PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN TREATMENT: A 5-YEAR FOLLOW-UP
Authors: C.-J. Liu, W.-L. Chuang, C.-M. Lee, M.-L. Yu, S.-N. Lu, S.-S. Wu, L.-Y. Liao, C.-L. Chen, H.-T. Kuo, Y.-C. Chao, S.-Y. Tung, S.-S. Yang, J.-H. Kao, C.-H. Liu, W.-W. Su, C.-L. Lin, P.-J. Chen, D.-S. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Effects of Dobutamine on Gastric Mucosal Perfusion and Hepatic Metabolism in Patients with Septic Shock
Authors: LUC-MARIE JOLY, MEHRAN MONCHI, ALAIN CARIOU, JEAN-DANIEL CHICHE, FLORENCE BELLENFANT, FABRICE BRUNET, JEAN-FRANÇOIS DHAINAUT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We prospectively evaluated the effects of dobutamine on gastric mucosal perfusion and hepatocytic clearance in patients with septic shock. After resuscitation with volume expansion and norepinephrine (12 patients) as needed, 14 hemodynamically stable patients (median age: 60 yr, median SAPS II score: 47) were given an infusion of 7.5 microg/kg/min dobutamine for 1 h. Gastric mucosal perfusion and hepatocytic clearance were assessed with tonometry and indocyanine green (ICG) elimination, respectively. All measurements were made before dobutamine infusion, after 1 h of dobutamine infusion, and 1 h after the infusion ended. Cardiac output (thermodilution technique) increased with dobutamine from a baseline median level of 4.0 L/min/m(2) (range: 1.7 to 7.4 L/min/m(2)) to 5.0 L/min/m(2) (range: 3.5 to 8.9 L/min/m(2)) (p = 0.004) and returned to baseline levels after dobutamine infusion ended. The gastric-arterial PCO(2) difference decreased from a baseline median level of 13 mm Hg (range: 5 to 54 mm Hg) to 7 mm Hg (range: 5 to 48 mm Hg) (p = 0.005). ICG elimination was low in all patients at baseline (median plasma disappearance rate: 12.2%; range: 7.6 to 16.2%) and did not change significantly during or after dobutamine infusion. In summary, dobutamine increases gastric mucosal perfusion but does not alter hepatocytic clearance in patients with septic shock. The absence of a beneficial effect of dobutamine on hepatocytic clearance may be related to profound alterations in hepatocellular metabolism during septic shock.
Trends in Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients and Differences by Sex and Race, 2001 to 2010
Authors: Aakriti Gupta, Yongfei Wang, John A. Spertus, Mary Geda, Nancy Lorenze, Chileshe Nkonde-Price, Gail D'Onofrio, Judith H. Lichtman, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Patterns of Breast Feeding in a Family Health Clinic
Authors: Eva J. Salber, Pauline G. Stitt, Joan G. Babbott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE frequency of breast feeding of 114 newborn babies of mothers attending a family health clinic in Boston from 1950 to 1956 was discussed in a previous publication.1 The present paper deals with the length of time those babies were breast fed, and with the reasons the mothers gave for weaning them when they did. It attempts also to give a possible explanation for the existing decline of breast feeding in the United States.Table 1 shows the number of babies wholly bottle fed at different ages from birth to one year. This is shown for 111 babies whose weaning records were . . .
PWE-067 Does Endocuff-vision Improve Adenoma Detection
Authors: ZP Tsiamoulos, K Patel, T Elliott, R Misra, S Thomas-Gibson, C Fraser, A Haycock, BP Saunders
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Although colonoscopy is considered the optimal procedure for bowel cancer screening, it remains an imperfect tool for cancer prevention, due to missed adenomas and early cancers. Optimal imaging modalities, innovative scopes and accessories (cap-assisted colonoscopy) have attempted to decrease the adenoma miss rate. Adenoma detection rates (ADR) have been shown to be a key performance indicator <h3>Methods</h3> Endocuff-vision is a simple accessory mounted at the end of the scope with a proximal row of 6mm length soft plastic, finger-like projections. During scope insertion, these projections invert towards the shaft of the tube and during withdrawal they evert to hold back the colonic folds augmenting the forward endoscopic views. ADRs were recorded and evaluated for screening colonoscopy procedures before and after introduction of Endocuff-vision. <h3>Results</h3> To date, four screening endoscopists (BPS, STG, CF, AH) have used the Endocuff-vision as part of a clinical evaluation process form August 2013 until November 2013. From our local Bowel Cancer Screening Program database, the figures of caecal intubation rate (CIR) and the ADRs of the screening endoscopists during April 2013 to July 2013 before Endo-cuff were retrieved: BPS: CIR-100%/ADR-62.72%, STG: CIR-95.84%/ADR-40.03%, CF: CIR-93%/ADR-36.76%, AH: CIR-96.25%/ADR- 55.35%. Prior to the introduction of the Endocuff-vision, the cumulative CIR was 96.27% and ADR was calculated to be <b>48.71%</b>. The total number of procedures where Endocuff-vision has been mounted was in 30 occasions (BPS-10, STG-11, CF-3, AH-6) with similar CIR rates but increased cumulative ADR of <b>65.5%.</b> On 3 patients the Endocuff-vision was electively removed from the scope due to insertion difficulties through fixed sigmoid colonic segments secondary to severe diverticular disease. There were no adverse events reported during the trial evaluation period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this small pilot study, use of the Endocuff appeared to improve the ADR by 17%. There were no complications from the use of the cuff although it was electively removed in 3 cases with severe sigmoid colon diverticulosis. Further randomised evaluation of this simple novel device is warranted. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Evaluation of Tp-e Interval and Tp-e/QT Ratio in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Soner Olmez, Murat Akkoyun, Murat Sahin, Ali Riza Namli, Mehmet Akgüngör, Imran Dirnak, Yalcin Goksugur, Kamile Gul, Gurkan Acar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
WHO should undertake full inquiry into Gulf war illness
Authors: R. Stott, D. Holdstock
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Coker et al found a high prevalence of various illnesses among British Gulf war veterans, confirming other recent reports from the United Kingdom and the United States.1 They say that they found no evidence for the existence of a unitary “Gulf war syndrome” and think that several possible causes are responsible for the symptoms reported. There have also …
Effects of dobutamine stimulation on regional myocardial glucose uptake poststunning as measured by positron emission tomography
Authors: E. O McFalls, H. B Ward, P. Fashingbauer, B. Palmer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objectives: The aim was to determine whether dobutamine stimulation of energy expenditure within the postischaemic myocardium would affect regional differences in glucose uptake as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). Methods: The metabolic rate of glucose uptake within the myocardium can be assessed with the glucose analog 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Stunning was induced in 14 anaesthetised pigs by partially occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 20 min (>80% flow reduction). The metabolic rate of glucose uptake was determined 2 h after reperfusion in the LAD and non-LAD regions in two groups: without (group 1; n = 7) and during (group 2; n = 7) a constant intravenous infusion of dobutamine (4 μg·kg−1·min−1). Results: In all pigs, stunning reduced systolic shortening from 16(SD 4)% to 5(5)% (p<0.05) and slightly lowered myocardial oxygen consumption, from 3.18(1.21) to 2.67(0.93) μmol·min−1·g−1 (p = 0.08). In the postischaemic LAD region of group 1, the metabolic rate of glucose uptake was significantly lower than the non-LAD region (0.11(0.08) and 0.43(0.33) μmol·min−1·g−1 respectively). In group 2, dobutamine induced a sustained increase in both fractional shortening (7(4)% to 16(5)%; p<0.05) and oxygen consumption (2.34(0.94) to 4.53(1.52) μmol·min−1·g−1; p <0.05) within the postischaemic LAD region. Despite recruitment of function and oxygen consumption in group 2, the metabolic rate of glucose uptake was similar to that of group 1 (0.11(0.09) and 0.40(0.28) μmol·min−1·g−1 in LAD and remote regions respectively). Conclusions: In this pig model of stunning, uptake of FDG was lower in stunned compared with remote myocardium and was independent of postischaemic changes in oxygen consumption and wall thinning. This supports the contention that after stunning, non-glucose substrates play an important part in maintaining energy expenditure during catecholamine stimulation. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1030-1035
Cost of Medical Care in China
Authors: N. RALPH FRANKEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Cost of Medical Care in ChinaN. RALPH FRANKEL, M.D.N. RALPH FRANKEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-120_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The letter of Dr. Cheng on the method of payment for medical care in China (Ann Intern Med 85:396-397, 1976) makes main points that are patently propaganda, and it supplies no reasonable information that could enlighten readers.Even the most naive of us learned long ago that nothing is free. To suggest that Chinese care is free is to say that the physicians do not eat or wear clothes, and the same would have to be said for the nurses, aides, and everyone else right down to the mason who spends his time building the hospital. A... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: N. RALPH FRANKEL, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 120-121 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute Respiratory Failure in Scoliosis.
Authors: James P. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Acute Respiratory Failure in Scoliosis.James P. Smith Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., Corazon Yandoc, M.D., George A. Falk, M.D., Jo Ann Perry, B.S.James P. Smith Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Corazon Yandoc, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, George A. Falk, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Jo Ann Perry, B.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-841_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcute respiratory failure in adults with severe thoracic scoliosis is said to be a preterminal event. The following analysis of 13 consecutive cases contradicts this assumption. All patients demonstrated a severe restrictive ventilatory defect (average vital capacity, 39% of predicted). In addition, five patients had evidence of airways obstruction, and six had abnormal steady-state diffusing capacities (average, 49% of predicted). Respiratory failure was precipitated by acute bronchopulmonary infection in seven cases, cor pulmonale in five, and barbiturates in one. Admission arterial blood gases were severely deranged: average arterial PCO2, 66 mm Hg; average pH, 7.31; average arterial oxygen saturation, 54%.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCAcute respiratory failure in scoliosis or kyphosis 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 841-841KeywordsBloodOxygenPartial pressure of carbon dioxideRespiratory failureUpper respiratory tract infections Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...