tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and Mortality
Authors: PHILIP C. CRAVEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1981Alcohol and MortalityPHILIP C. CRAVEN, M.D.PHILIP C. CRAVEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-6-780 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the paper on the carefully done study on alcohol and mortality by Klatsky and colleagues (1) in the August issue, Table 3 shows that death rates for cirrhosis and accidents were higher in the group reporting no alcohol use in the past year than in those reporting two or fewer drinks per day. This anomaly suggests that the no-drinks group might be contaminated by drinkers who were unwilling to admit to their habit or who later became drinkers. Exclusion of past heavy drinkers (Table 4) does not solve the problem. I wonder if some of the...Reference1 KLATSKY A, FRIEDMAN G, and SIEGELAUB A. Alcohol and mortality: a ten-year Kaiser-Permanente experience. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:139-45. LinkGoogle Scholar1. KLATSKY A, FRIEDMAN G, and SIEGELAUB A. Alcohol and mortality: a ten-year Kaiser-Permanente experience. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:139-45. LinkGoogle Scholar1. CAHALAN D, CISIN I, and CROSSLEY H. American Drinking Practices. New Haven, Connecticut: College and Universiry Press; 1969. Google Scholar2. KLATSKY A, FRIEDMAN G, SIEGELAUB A, and GERAUD M. Alcohol consumption among white, black, or Oriental men and women: Kaiser-Permanente multiphasic health examination data. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;105:311-23. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PHILIP C. CRAVEN, M.D.Affiliations: The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX 78284 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNaturalized Epistemology and the Law of EvidenceDictionary of Inorganic CompoundsAlcohol Consumption and Ischemic Heart Disease 1 December 1981Volume 95, Issue 6Page: 780-781KeywordsAlcoholsCirrhosisDeath ratesHabitsMortality ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Skin Sensitivity in Insect Allergy
Authors: Howard J. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Serial skin testing has been carried out with a mixture of bee, wasp, and yellow-jacket whole-body extracts in three groups of patients: insect hypersensitive, atopic noninsect sensitive, and nonatopic subjects. No significant differences in reactivity have been demonstrated between these three groups. Some qualitative differences may exist but the data are at best suggestive on this point. It would appear that the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to stinging insects must be based on historical considerations alone. Skin testing remains of value, however, because it is important as a guide to appropriate dosage in hyposensitization therapy.
Role of cytosolic calcium-independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipase A2 in hypoxic injury to rabbit proximal tubules.
Authors: D Portilla, S V Shah, P A Lehman, M H Creer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Although the activation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes has been described in the heart, the pathogenetic role of this enzyme(s) in hypoxic cell injury has not been previously examined in any tissue. Therefore, we characterized the time course of activation of calcium-independent PLA2 using both plasmalogen and diacylglycerophospholipid substrates during hypoxia in rabbit proximal tubules and examined whether inhibition of calcium-independent PLA2 activity is associated with a cytoprotective effect. Subjecting rabbit proximal tubules to hypoxia for 5 min resulted in at least a threefold increase in cytosolic calcium-independent PLA2, which was selective for plasmalogen substrates (control 444 +/- 69 vs hypoxia 1,675 +/- 194 pmol.mg protein-1.min-1, n = 5). In contrast, no changes in PLA2 activity were observed in the presence of 4 mM EGTA in the membrane fraction using plasmenylcholine substrates. 20 min of hypoxia resulted in an increase in arachidonate from 3 +/- 1 to 28 +/- 4 ng/mg protein and lactate dehydrogenase release from 7.5 +/- 2% to 38 +/- 5%, n = 4. Pretreatment of proximal tubules with 10 microM Compound I, a specific inhibitor of calcium-independent PLA2, resulted in reduction in the magnitude of both hypoxia-induced arachidonic acid release (11 +/- 3 ng/mg protein) and lactate dehydrogenase release (18 +/- 4%). Our data indicate that a significant fraction of PLA2 activity in the proximal tubule is calcium-independent and selective for plasmalogen substrates. Furthermore, the activation of this enzyme plays an important role in the pathogenesis of membrane injury during hypoxia in the proximal tubule.
Failure of Intensive Care Unit Support to Influence Mortality From Pneumococcal Bacteremia
Authors: Edward W. Hook
Journal: JAMA (1983)

One hundred thirty-four consecutive cases of pneumococcal bacteremia observed during a six-year period were evaluated. One hundred nineteen (89%) were associated with pneumonia. Factors associated with increased mortality were advanced age, a leukocyte count at admission of less than 5,000/cu mm, neoplastic disease, and involvement of two or more pulmonary lobes in patients with pneumonia. Mortality was 30.5% overall, and 76% in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with pneumococcal bacteremia. Pneumococcal infection continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality despite modern supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1055-1057)
Reid wrong about comfort of smoking, research shows
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Smoking is not associated with better quality of life or increased pleasure.

Results from a study that investigated links between smoking and pleasure and quality of life showed no evidence to support a controversial comment by the former health secretary John Reid (now the home secretary) that for some people their only enjoyment was having a cigarette ( Public Health 2007 Mar 2, doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2007.01.005)

“We found no evidence to support a claim that smoking is associated with heightened levels of pleasure, either in low socioeconomic groups or in the general population. In fact, our results suggest the opposite: that smoking is …
Lidocaine-Cimetidine Interaction
Authors: WILLIAM O. FRANK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Lidocaine-Cimetidine InteractionWILLIAM O. FRANK, M.D., JOHN J. SEAMAN, D.P., KARL E. PEACE, PH.D., RALPH M. MYERSON, M.D., THOMAS J. HUMPHRIES, M.D.WILLIAM O. FRANK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN J. SEAMAN, D.P.Search for more papers by this author, KARL E. PEACE, PH.D.Search for more papers by this author, RALPH M. MYERSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, THOMAS J. HUMPHRIES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-414_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Knapp and associates (1) recently reported 15 patients who were treated with cimetidine and lidocaine concomitantly, and the authors concluded that there was an interaction between cimetidine and lidocaine. We are concerned, however, that the results supporting the authors' conclusions may be open to serious question because of several flaws in the design of their study.The first area of concern involves the route of cimetidine administration. Cimetidine was first administered intravenously for one dose and then orally every 6 hours for the next three doses. The difference in bioavailability between the oral and intravenous routes of...References1. KNAPPMAGUIREKEREN AWG. The cimetidine-lidocaine interaction. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:174-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LIEWELLENSVON CAPELLEDURRER KHFD. Lidocaine in the prevention of primary ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 1974;291:1324-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DAVIDSONATKINSON RA. Excessive serum lidocaine levels during maintenance infusions: mechanisms and prevention. Am Heart J. 1982;104:203-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LELORIERGRENNONLATOUR JDY. Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine after prolonged intravenous infusions in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1977;87:700-2. LinkGoogle Scholar5. ROUTLEDGESHANDBARCHOWSKYWAGNERSTARGILL PDAGW. Relationship between α1-acid glycoprotein and lidocaine disposition in myocardial infarction. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;30:154-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Smith Kline & French Laboratories P.O. Box 7929; Philadelphia, PA 19101 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 414-415 Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Balancing the immune system: Th1 and Th2
Authors: W van Eden, R van der Zee, P van Kooten, S E Berlo, P M Cobelens, A Kavelaars, C J Heijnen, B Prakken, S Roord, S Albani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

CD4+ T cells are subdivided into Th1 and Th2 cells. Their relative presence or activation is thought to have a regulatory effect on immune behaviour. Until recently, the relative suppression of Th1 cells by the relative increase of Th2 activities, was thought to be a main mechanism of keeping or restoring the balance in a diseased immune system. Nowadays, however, a specialised subset of regulatory T cells is held to be responsible for the main effects of securing a balanced immune system. It is possible that heat shock proteins (hsps) are relevant antigens driving such regulation.

Heat shock proteins are known to be immunodominant antigens of bacteria. They are evolutionarily strongly conserved proteins present in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cellular organisms and are upregulated by several forms of stress. Despite (the paradigm of) self tolerance, hsp-epitopes homologous to endogenous host hsp sequences have been implicated as T cell epitopes to endow cross reactive, hsp specific T cells with the capacity to regulate inflammation, such as in experimentally induced autoimmune diseases. Such T cells were found to produce regulatory cytokines like IL10, in contrast with T cells induced with other conserved microbial proteins that are not upregulated by stress. Hsps have been implicated in immune regulation not only as upregulated targets of adaptive immunity during inflammatory stress, but recently also as triggering factors for innate immunity through activation via Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

Th1 cells or proinflammatory T cells are known to produce cytokines with proinflammatory activities. Therefore they are supposed to be critically involved in inflammatory conditions such as autoimmune arthritis. Th2 or helper T cells are known to produce cytokines that help B cells to become activated and to switch their class of antibody. Some of the cytokines produced by Th2 cells (IL4, IL5, IL10, and IL13) also have immune …
A Simple Test of Diagnostic Value in General Paresis
Authors: J. S. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1926)

GENERAL PARESIS.!UATJIo"AJto be present by other means have we failed to obtaii haemochromogen crystals.-Conclusionts. A. In tlle majority of cases, especially with fresi stains aind if care be exercised, there is no dilficulty in obtaininig haemin crystals.B. The haemochromogen crystal test, however, possesses the following advantages:1. Siniplicity of teelinique; being obtained-in the cold by simply adding the solution (Takayama 2).2. If it is desired to heat the slide, there is no dunger of overhe-ating as there is in the case of haemin erystals.3. The crystals are large, easily seen, and are of a very charavteristic appearance and-colour.4. The natire of tlhe crystals may be conifirmed by means af the spectroscape.
Pattern recognition versus bayesian approach for diagnosis in primary care
Authors: John Fletcher, Robin Fox
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Some investment strategists advocate concentrated, “best ideas” portfolios as the surest path to equity market outperformance. The premise is obvious: When a portfolio consists only of a manager’s best ideas, returns are undiluted by second-best or lesser ideas. But the reality is different. We used simulations and empirical analysis to evaluate the relationship between portfolio diversification and outperformance. We found that increasing concentration doesn’t raise the odds of outperformance; it lowers them. The less diversified a portfolio, the less likely it is to hold the small percentage of stocks that account for most of the market’s long-term return. Concentration can increase the odds of earning high margins of outperformance, but the probability of missing that return target increases more quickly than the probability of reaching it. Our analysis yielded two measures that a manager must meet to outperform the market: the “excess return hurdle” and the “success rate.” The excess return hurdle is the expected gap between portfolio and market returns at different levels of concentration; our analysis shows this decreases with increased holdings. Success rate is a measure of the manager’s ability to identify outperformers. The success rate necessary for a portfolio to outperform decreases as the number of holdings increases. <b>TOPICS:</b>Portfolio theory, portfolio construction, statistical methods, simulations <b>Key Findings</b> • The expected gap between portfolio and market returns decreases with increased holdings. • The “success rate” necessary for a portfolio to outperform decreases as the number of holdings increases. • There is a highly significant positive relationship between the number of holdings and net excess returns.
Stress Reduction through Mindf ulness Meditation
Authors: John A. Astin
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

This study examined the effects of an 8-week stress reduction program based on training in mindfulness meditation. Previous research efforts suggesting this program may be beneficial in terms of reducing stress-related symptomatology and helping patients cope with chronic pain have been limited by a lack of adequate comparison control group.Twenty-eight individuals who volunteered to participate in the present study were randomized into either an experimental group or a nonintervention control group.Following participation, experimental subjects, when compared with controls, evidenced significantly greater changes in terms of: (1) reductions in overall psychological symptomatology; (2) increase in overall domain-specific sense of control and utilization of an accepting or yielding mode of control in their lives, and (3) higher scores on a measure of spiritual experiences.The techniques of mindfulness meditation, with their emphasis on developing detached observation and awareness of the contents of consciousness, may represent a powerful cognitive behavioral coping strategy for transforming the ways in which we respond to life events. They may also have potential for relapse prevention in affective disorders.
Fluoridation of drinking water. No evidence of increased risk of cancer.
Authors: P Cook-Mozaffari, R Doll, L Kinlen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

injected temazepam tablets.Since temazepam is such a popular drug of misuse, I fear that injection of tablets will become more commonplace as liquid and gel filled capsules become harder to obtain.Injecting tablets is likely to be much more dangerous than injecting the liquid from capsules; injecting gel filled capsules is known to be dangerous.2Probably the only way to prevent misuse of temazepam is not to prescribe it in any formulation.
Palladin Mutation Causes Familial Pancreatic Cancer: Absence in European Families
Authors: Emily Slater, Vera Amrillaeva, Volker Fendrich, Detlef Bartsch, Julie Earl, Louis J Vitone, John P Neoptolemos, William Greenhalf
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

It is only about 25 years since the abolition or abandonment of TB sanatoria in South Africa.It is likely that there are people in South Africa who are familiar with the idea of isolation of TB patients from the general public emanating from the era of TB sanatoria, and it is conceivable that they are likely to be understanding of the reasons that were used to keep patients there during their treatment.These people could help to make the idea of isolation in sanatoria acceptable again to the general public.Anyway, the TB sanatoria of this era were rightfully regarded as hospitals, as indeed they were, and I cannot see why modern day sanatoria should be viewed any differently.Granted, with the likelihood that the patients detained in these envisaged isolation areas may be more likely to die than be discharged, it will be a mammoth task to convince the "detainees" to stay there or their families to allow them to be kept there, especially if they are minors or the elderly infi rm.It is a tough call but it is worth a try.
Immunoglobulin G antibodies to moulds in school-children from moisture problem schools
Authors: T. M. Taskinen, S. Laitinen, A. Nevalainen, A. Vepsalainen, T. Meklin, M. Reiman, M. Korppi, T. Husman
Journal: Allergy (2002)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate mould-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in children exposed to moisture and mould problems in their school, and the association between IgG antibodies and mould allergy, active or passive smoking and respiratory symptoms.IgG antibodies were studied to 24 moulds in 93 children from three moisture problem schools and in 33 children from a reference school. The antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared to positive adult sera.There were no significant differences in mould-specific IgG concentrations between exposed and non-exposed school-children. Antibodies to moulds common in moisture damaged buildings were associated with allergic diseases, as well as with mould-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) or skin prick test (SPT) findings. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. versicolor were the moulds with the most consistent findings. Active and passive smoking were associated with low levels of antibodies to many moulds. Though the association between asthma, wheezing or cough symptoms, and IgG to moulds was not significant, 7 (39%) of the 18 children with multiple (> 7) elevated IgG findings suffered from asthma or wheezing.Allergy was, but asthma was not, associated with IgG antibodies to the moulds that can be found in moisture damaged buildings. However, no association was found between IgG antibodies to moulds and exposure to moisture and moulds in school.
Pacemaker in Cardiac Vein
Authors: Donald C. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The report by Mullen et al of two cases of cardiac tamponade from ventricular perforation by a transvenous pacemaker (<b>203</b>:142, 1968) brought to mind a bizarre complication from this procedure which occurred last year at the Meadowbrook Hospital, East Meadow, NY. The patient was a 75-year-old man with chronic congestive heart failure and parkinsonism who entered the hospital with complete heart block. Preliminary management with an external pacemaker was followed one month later by subcutaneous implantation of a fixed rate pacemaker, the endocardial electrode in both instances being inserted via the right external jugular vein. Complete ventricular capture was recorded, and the rate remained at 78 to 80 beats per minute. However, increasing confusion and drowsiness were noted along with a mild, persistent azotemia. A gradual deterioration ensued, and the patient died after two months in the hospital. Autopsy showed advanced arteriosclerotic heart disease, acute bronchopneumonia
A "Sporadic" Case of Typhoid Fever
Authors: Paul J. Connors
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Thyphoid fever in the United States has declined steadily during the past 25 years.<sup>1</sup>Infections caused by other<i>Salmonella</i>strains, notably those that are avian related, have increased or remain unabated.<sup>1,2</sup>The reason for this disparity is that<i>S typhi</i>is uniquely pathogenic to man while other strains responsible for salmonellosis occur widely in nature. Approximately 3% of those people infected with<i>S typhi</i>become carriers. Surveillance of the human carrier and contemporary sanitation are the major factors responsible for the decline in infection due to S typhi. The following report of an isolated case of typhoid fever describes how comprehensive study resulted in the recognition of a previously unknown carrier. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 19-year-old girl was hospitalized after four days of progressive anorexia, chills, fever, headache, and vomiting. She had been healthy and had recently begun employment as a nurses' assistant. The
890-1 Does a narrow QRS identify a low-risk subgroup of patients with ischemic heart disease? results of electrophysiology testing and T wave alternans testing in a “MADIT-2” population
Authors: Kenneth M Stein, Sei Iwai, Suneet Mittal, Steven M Markowitz, Ravi K Yarlagadda, Bindi K Shah, Amit B Guttigoli, Bruce B Lerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Confidentiality in Health Care
Authors: Tina L. Cheng
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To assess adolescent knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes about health care confidentiality.Anonymous self-report survey with 64 items addressing confidentiality issues in health care.Rural, suburban, and urban high schools in central Massachusetts.Students in ninth through 12th grades from three schools.A total of 1295 students (87%) completed the survey: 58% had health concerns that they wished to keep private from their parents, and 69% from friends and classmates; 25% reported that they would forgo health care in some situations if their parents might find out. There were differences in response by gender, race, and school. About one third were aware of a right to confidentiality for specific health issues. Of those with a regular source of care, 86% would go to their regular physician for a physical illness, while only 57% would go there for questions about pregnancy, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or substance abuse that they wished to keep private. Sixty-eight percent had concerns about the privacy of a school health center.A majority of adolescents have concerns they wish to keep confidential and a striking percentage report they would not seek health services because of these concerns. Interventions to address confidentiality issues are thus crucial to effective adolescent health care.