tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Activation of caspases in intestinal villus epithelial cells of normal and nematode infected rats
Authors: Y Hyoh
Journal: Gut (2002)

Small intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) show apoptosis in physiological turnover of cells and in certain inflammatory diseases.To investigate the role of caspases in the progression of IEC apoptosis in vivo.IEC were separated along the villus-crypt axis from the jejunum of normal and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infected rats at 4 degrees C. Caspases were examined by a fluorometric assay method, histochemistry, and immunoblotting.Villus cell rich IEC from normal rats exhibited a high level of caspase-3-like activity whereas activities of caspase-1, -8, and -9 were negligible. Immunoblotting analysis of villus cell rich IEC revealed partial cleavage of procaspase-3 into a 17 kDa molecule as well as cleavage of a caspase-3 substrate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), whereas in crypt cell rich IEC, caspase-3 cleavage was less significant. Caspase-3 activity was also observed histochemically in villus epithelium on frozen sections of the normal small intestine. IEC prepared at 4 degrees C did not reveal nuclear degradation whereas subsequent incubation in a suspension at 37 degrees C induced intense nuclear degradation within one hour in accordance with increases in active caspase-3. This apoptosis was partially suppressed by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. Nematode infected animals showed villus atrophy together with significant increases in levels of caspase-3 in IEC but not of caspase-1, -8, or -9.Caspase-3 may have an important role in the physiological replacement of IEC as well as in progression of IEC apoptosis induced by nematode infection.
Randomized Trial of Complete Versus Lesion-Only Revascularization in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI and Multivessel Disease
Authors: Anthony H. Gershlick, Jamal Nasir Khan, Damian J. Kelly, John P. Greenwood, Thiagarajah Sasikaran, Nick Curzen, Daniel J. Blackman, Miles Dalby, Kathryn L. Fairbrother, Winston Banya, Duolao Wang, Marcus Flather, Simon L. Hetherington, Andrew D. Kelion, Suneel Talwar, Mark Gunning, Roger Hall, Howard Swanton, Gerry P. McCann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)

The optimal management of patients found to have multivessel disease while undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (P-PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction is uncertain. CvLPRIT (Complete versus Lesion-only Primary PCI trial) is a U.K. open-label randomized study comparing complete revascularization at index admission with treatment of the infarct-related artery (IRA) only. After they provided verbal assent and underwent coronary angiography, 296 patients in 7 U.K. centers were randomized through an interactive voice-response program to either in-hospital complete revascularization (n = 150) or IRA-only revascularization (n = 146). Complete revascularization was performed either at the time of P-PCI or before hospital discharge. Randomization was stratified by infarct location (anterior/nonanterior) and symptom onset (≤3 h or >3 h). The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and ischemia-driven revascularization within 12 months. Patient groups were well matched for baseline clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint occurred in 10.0% of the complete revascularization group versus 21.2% in the IRA-only revascularization group (hazard ratio: 0.45; 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.84; p = 0.009). A trend toward benefit was seen early after complete revascularization (p = 0.055 at 30 days). Although there was no significant reduction in death or MI, a nonsignificant reduction in all primary endpoint components was seen. There was no reduction in ischemic burden on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy or in the safety endpoints of major bleeding, contrast-induced nephropathy, or stroke between the groups. In patients presenting for P-PCI with multivessel disease, index admission complete revascularization significantly lowered the rate of the composite primary endpoint at 12 months compared with treating only the IRA. In such patients, inpatient total revascularization may be considered, but larger clinical trials are required to confirm this result and specifically address whether this strategy is associated with improved survival. (Complete Versus Lesion-only Primary PCI Pilot Study [CvLPRIT]; ISRCTN70913605)
Schlemm’s canal: more than meets the eye, lymphatics in disguise
Authors: Natalie O. Karpinich, Kathleen M. Caron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Schlemm’s canal (SC) is a unique vascular structure that functions to maintain fluid homeostasis by draining aqueous humor from the eye into the systemic circulation. The endothelium lining the inner wall of SC has both blood and lymphatic vascular characteristics, thus prompting exploration of the development and regulation of this unique channel. In this issue of the JCI, back-to-back papers by Aspelund et al. and Park et al. detail the mechanisms of SC development, which includes a lymphatic reprogramming that is necessary to maintain proper function. Furthermore, both groups exploit the lymph-like qualities of this canal: they identify VEGF-C as a potential therapeutic for glaucoma and suggest that expression of PROX1, a marker of lymphatic fate, could also serve as a biosensor for monitoring SC integrity. These studies provide substantial insight into the molecular and cellular pathways that govern SC development and reveal that ocular pathology is associated with deregulation of the lymph-like characteristics of SC.
The systemic milieu as a mediator of dietary influence on stem cell function during ageing
Authors: Tytus Murphy, Sandrine Thuret
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2014)

The regenerative decline of organisms during ageing is linked to the reduced proliferative activity, impaired function and exhaustion of tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells. Studies using heterochronic parabiosis, involving the surgical attachment of young and old organisms so that they share a common vascular system, have revealed that the systemic environment has a profound effect on stem cell function. In particular, specific youthful rejuvenating circulatory factors reverse age-related declines in stem cell function, whereas the old milieu contains inhibitory factors that impede stem cell function in young animals. Similarly, the effects of certain dietary interventions, namely calorie restriction, also induce a more youthful cellular and molecular phenotype in ageing stem cells throughout the body. Further to this, there are key molecular pathways involved in translating the availability of nutrients into altered stem cell function, including signalling in the insulin and insulin-like growth factor and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. In this review, we discuss the potential role of dietary interventions to promote a more rejuvenating systemic milieu in order to enhance stem cell function and promote healthy ageing.
Muscles, Membranes and Maternal Markers
Authors: Frank H. Tyler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

IN this issue of the Journal, Pickard et al. report an exciting observation supporting the hypothesis that Duchenne muscular dystrophy is associated with membrane abnormalities in cells from tissues other than muscle. The abnormal capping observed in B and T lymphocytes is compatible with disorganization of the membrane or the microtubules, or both, as prior studies of erythrocytes by various technics have already suggested.The observation that impairment of lymphocyte capping is quantitatively similar in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and most of their mothers has a number of important implications. If confirmed, it will provide a much improved . . .
ROLE OF GAMMA GLOBULINS IN PATHOGENESIS OF RENAL LESIONS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND CHRONIC MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, WITH AN OBSERVATION ON THE LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS CELL REACTION
Authors: Robert C. Mellors, Louis G. Ortega, Halsted R. Holman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Utilizing the fluorescent antibody method for the histologic demonstration of localized gamma-globulins, we have made the following observations (in contradistinction to the lack of such findings in a variety of normal and pathologic, control kidneys). In systemic lupus erythematosus (a) gamma-globulins were localized in the thickened capillary walls, the "wire-loop" lesions, and the so called "hyaline thrombi" in glomeruli; (b) these sites of localization of gamma-globulins were correlated to a considerable degree with the pattern of accentuated eosinophilia of the glomeruli, as seen in hematoxylin-eosin sections, or with the pattern of PAS-positive areas in the glomeruli in sections stained with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction; (c) and gamma-globulins were localized rarely in large cytoplasmic granules in tubular epithelium and occasionally in glomerular capsular crescents, tubular protein casts, and inflammatory cells, particularly in the cytoplasm of cells identified as immature and mature plasma cells. In nephrotic glomerulonephritis (a) gamma-globulins were localized in the glomerular basement membrane and appertaining structures in chronic membranous glomerulonephritis; (b) gamma-globulins were apparently localized in the altered mesangium in chronic lobular glomerulonephritis; and (c) in the tubular protein casts, presumably representing abnormal glomerular filtrates, gamma-globulins were present in a lesser concentration and other serum proteins in a greater concentration than found in the glomeruli. In positive lupus erythematosus preparations the nuclei of leukocytes, while undergoing transformation and subsequent phagocytosis to form lupus erythematosus cells, were the sites of localization of gamma-globulin (presumably the lupus erythematosus factor) whereas in control preparations no nuclear localization of gamma-globulin occurred. These observations are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of renal lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic membranous glomerulonephritis, and amyloidosis.
Treatment of Low-Back Pain-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Deyo
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In a comparison of numerous clinical trials, some simplification is necessary for presentation. However, I do not believe that the article by Coxhead and colleagues was in any way misrepresented. The issue of blinded outcome assessments is never irrelevant in determining therapeutic efficacy, because both investigators and subjects are likely to have biases regarding therapy. I pointed out, both in the text and in Table 4, that blinding is difficult with regard to physical treatments. However, a third-party assessor who is unaware of treatment group can evaluate outcomes, and this should be less biased then self-assessment by a patient with full knowledge of his therapy. Ideally, the patients who did not receive a given therapy should receive sham treatments of a similar nature (as in drug trials), to create the impression of active intervention. Although I cited trials that employed manipulation and corsets in which this was done,
Cod liver oil and tuberculosis
Authors: Malcolm Green
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Malcolm Green revisits an 1848 study of cod liver oil in the treatment of tuberculosis

The Royal Brompton Hospital is well known for studies evaluating the use of streptomycin and other chemotherapy for tuberculosis (TB) in the 1940s to 1960s, but it is less widely known that the physicians at the hospital were already investigating treatments for TB 100 years earlier. This is a report of a study conducted in 1848.



Fig 1 Hospital for Consumption and Diseases of the Chest, Brompton



In their report, the medical officers felt it their duty to bear testimony to the judgement evinced in the selection of the site for the hospital: The hospital is built on a dry gravelly soil, in a suburb of the metropolis long celebrated for its salubrity, sheltered on the north and east by the metropolis and open to the south and west; the wards are lofty and the corridors light and capacious .

542 inpatients with consumption were treated with cod liver oil, in a dose of 1 drachm (3.6 ml) three times a day, gradually increased, in some few cases up to 1.5 ozs (42 ml) per dose. The oil is straw coloured, transparent and free from offensive smell. Patients take it in general …
Diagnosis and Management of Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Robert A. Kyle, Athanasios Anagnostopoulos, Steven P. Treon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To review the diagnostic criteria, prognostic factors, response criteria, and treatment options of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM).A review of published reports was facilitated by the use of a MEDLINE computer search and by manual search of the Index Medicus.WM should be regarded as a distinct clinicopathologic entity and confined to those patients with lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma who have demonstrable serum immunoglobulin M monoclonal protein. Treatment decisions should rely on specific clinical and laboratory criteria. Initiation of therapy should not be based on serum monoclonal protein levels per se. The three main choices for systemic primary treatment of symptomatic patients with WM include alkylating agents (chlorambucil), nucleoside analogs (fludarabine and cladribine), and the monoclonal antibody rituximab. There are no data from prospective randomized studies to recommend the use of one first-line agent over another, although consideration of a patient's candidacy for autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) should be taken into account to avoid stem cell-damaging agents. There are preliminary data to suggest that combinations of nucleoside analogs and alkylating agents with or without rituximab may improve response rates at the expense of higher toxicity.WM is a distinct low-grade lymphoproliferative disorder. When therapy is indicated, alkylating agents, nucleoside analogs, and rituximab are reasonable choices. Several factors, including the presence of cytopenias, need for rapid disease control, candidacy for ASCT, age, and comorbidities, should be taken into consideration when choosing the most appropriate primary treatment.
Authors' reply to Herxheimer
Authors: E. Kulakov, S. Baron
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Our patient took nicorandil 40 mg once daily for five months before discontinuing it at his first dermatology appointment when we made the link to his perianal ulceration.1 2 A biopsy was not taken because of the typical clinical appearance and absence of other red flag symptoms; biopsy would have been …
STUDIES ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
Authors: Jane H. Morse, Stephen I. Morse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Two distinct particles have been recognized in the extracellular fluid of B. pertussis cultures. Both appeared to arise from the surface (cell wall) of the organism. One of these, a membranous particle, seemed to derive from long projections on the organism composed of the outer membrane of the cell wall. The second particle, a fine filament, was not readily comparable with any previously described bacterial structure. The two particles could be separated from each other by gradient centrifugation in CsCl. Lymphocytosis-promoting factor and histamine-sensitizing activity were only associated with fractions containing the fine filaments.
"A Poisoned Tooth"
Authors: W. Edmund Farrar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters1 March 1992"A Poisoned Tooth"W. Edmund Farrar, MDW. Edmund Farrar, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-5-429 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Human bite wounds are notoriously prone to the development of infection. The combination of trauma to tissues and deep inoculation of the abundant and varied microorganisms present in the oral cavity often tips the balance in favor of the invaders (1). Recent studies have emphasized the polymicrobial nature of these infections, from which an average of five or six bacterial species, including both aerobic and anaerobic types, is isolated (2, 3). Suppurative tenosynovitis, septic arthritis, or osteomyelitis develop in half the cases, and, before the development of antibiotics, bacteremic infections were occasionally fatal (4).An early case...References1. Farmer C and Mann R. Human bite infections of the hand. South Med J. 1966;59:512-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. Goldstein E, Citron D, and Wield B. Bacteriology of human and animal bite wounds. J Clin Microbiol. 1978;8:667-72. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Brook I. Microbiology of human and animal bite wounds in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1987;6:29-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Mason M and Koch S. Human bite infections of the hand. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1930;51:591-625. Google Scholar5. Pâlsson H and Edwards P Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney., translators. New York: Penguin Books; 1981:27-8. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. Edmund Farrar, MDAffiliations: Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, SC 29425 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1992Volume 116, Issue 5Page: 429-429KeywordsAntibioticsArthritisInoculationMouthOsteomyelitis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Social evolution in toothed whales
Authors: Richard C Connor, Janet Mann, Peter L Tyack, Hal Whitehead
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (1998)

Two contrasting results emerge from comparisons of the social systems of several odontocetes with terrestrial mammals. Researchers have identified remarkable convergence in prominent features of the social systems of odontocetes such as the sperm whale and bottlenose dolphin with a few well-known terrestrial mammals such as the elephant and chimpanzee. In contrast, studies on killer whales and Baird's beaked whale reveal novel social solutions to aquatic living. The combination of convergent and novel features in odontocete social systems promise a more general understanding of the ecological determinants of social systems in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, as well as the relationship between relative brain size and social evolution.
Autologous bone marrow versus non-mobilized peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for lymphoid malignancies: A prospective, comparative trial
Authors: Daniel J. Weisdorf, Catherine M. Verfaillie, Wesley J. Miller, Bruce R. Blazar, Elizabeth Perry, Xiao Ou Shu, Kathleen Daniels, Peter Hannan, Norma K.C. Ramsay, John H. Kersey, Philip B. McGlave
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Autologous transplantation using bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) or peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) is widely used for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin's disease (HD). We report a randomized, comparative trial comparing BMSC vs. non-mobilized PBSC for responsive NHL or HD. Patients randomized to BMSC (n = 13) vs. PBSC (n = 15) had more rapid neutrophil recovery (median 23 vs. 30 days), RBC independence (25 vs. 62 days), platelet independence (24 vs. 54 days), and shorter hospital stay. However, neither relapse, overall survival, nor relapse-free survival were different receiving BMSC vs. PBSC (all P > .7). Concurrently, 54 others (34 BMSC, 20 PBSC) were assigned non-randomly because of resistant disease or marrow unsuitable for harvest and similar patterns of engraftment favoring BMSC over PBSC were observed. In the entire group, BMSC transplantation (n = 47) led to quicker neutrophil recovery (P = .02), RBC (P = .06), and platelet independence (P =.04) and earlier hospital discharge (P = .02) vs. PBSC (n = 35). No difference in relapse, overall, or relapse-free survival were observed using BMSC vs. PBSC. These data suggest that non-mobilized PBSC are a satisfactory alternative to BMSC in patients with unsuitable marrow; however, transplantation with non-mobilized PBSC was associated with slower hematologic recovery, and longer hospital stay. No difference in tumor recurrence rates was observed between the PBSC or BMSC recipients. Unprimed PBSC transplantation offered no clinical advantage to BMSC.
Training General Internists and “STARS”
Authors: Alan M. Fogelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 January 1995Training General Internists and “STARS”Alan M. Fogelman, MDAlan M. Fogelman, MDUniversity of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90024-1736Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I am grateful for the opportunity to address the issues the respondents have raised.The fourth year of training is indicated for a very few persons in our program. We have had no shortage of applicants, and have chosen to be highly selective. The issue is not learning procedures or performing services but rather acquiring knowledge that will enhance our program in general internal medicine. Our first “comprehensive internist” trainee has decided that she wants to spend the year in the departments of orthopedics and gynecology to learn techniques that will make her a better ambulatory care internist. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90024-1736 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 72-73KeywordsOrthopedicsPrimary care physiciansScientistsSub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Response to “Mandatory Anesthesia”—Reply
Authors: Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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