tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bone Healing in Multiple Myeloma with Melphalan Chemotherapy
Authors: LUIS H. RODRIGUEZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The lateral skull roentgenograms of 216 consecutive-patients with multiple myeloma were analyzed for the occurrence of bone healing after treatment with melphalan. Of 125 patients with lytic skull lesions and an evaluable treatment trial, 68 responded to chemotherapy, and 30% of these had bone repair. When it occurred, improvement of bone lesions was always recognized within 18 months after the institution of treatment but subsequent to the onset of remission, as defined by myeloma protein reduction. Progression of lytic lesions during disease relapse usually followed evidence of increased myeloma protein production. Responding patients with bone healing did not have a degree or duration of remission superior to that of responding patients without bone repair. Serial assessment of lateral skull films are useful in confirming clinical remissions and relapses in many myeloma patients and may be of particular value in those with equivocal changes in other disease manifestations.
A functional variant of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase is associated with type I diabetes
Authors: Nunzio Bottini, Lucia Musumeci, Andres Alonso, Souad Rahmouni, Konstantina Nika, Masoud Rostamkhani, James MacMurray, Gian Franco Meloni, Paola Lucarelli, Maurizio Pellecchia, George S Eisenbarth, David Comings, Tomas Mustelin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
The Penalty for Smoking
Authors: Victor Kassel
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of tobacco in any form—chewing, snuffing, or smoking—as detrimental to health, was known a long time ago. It was usually found to be repulsive to others when done in their presence. The question arose early in history, whether the smoker should be punished for what he did to himself and to others. Tobacco smoking in Japan was a well-established habit in 1595. In 1603, it was forbidden by the state, to no avail. Then, in 1612, it was decreed that if one was caught even just selling tobacco, all his property was to be confiscated. In 1604, King James I of England called smoking "barbarous, beastly, hateful to the nose, a vile and stinking custom, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs." But he does not seem to have requested any punishment; the king trusted that his word alone would be followed. He who
Making Sense of the Undue Burden Interpretation of Minimal Risk
Authors: David B. Resnik
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

"Making Sense of the Undue Burden Interpretation of Minimal Risk." The American Journal of Bioethics, 14(9), pp. 1–2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis article is the work product of an employee of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH). However, the statements, opinions, or conclusions contained herein do not necessarily represent the statements, opinions, or conclusions of NIEHS, NIH, or the U.S. government. ▪
Body Mass Index and the Risk of All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wenhui Zhao, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Ronald Horswell, Yujie Wang, Weiqin Li, Jolene Johnson, Steven B. Heymsfield, William T. Cefalu, Donna H. Ryan, Gang Hu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Several prospective studies have evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and death risk among patients with diabetes mellitus; however, the results have been inconsistent.We performed a prospective cohort study of 19 478 black and 15 354 white patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of different levels of BMI stratification with all-cause mortality. During a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, 4042 deaths were identified. The multivariable-adjusted (age, sex, smoking, income, and type of insurance) hazard ratios for all-cause mortality associated with BMI levels (18.5-22.9, 23-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-34.9 [reference group], 35-39.9, and ≥40 kg/m(2)) at baseline were 2.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-2.49), 1.74 (95% CI, 1.46-2.07), 1.23 (95% CI, 1.08-1.41), 1.00, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.03-1.39), and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.05-1.43) for blacks and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.42-2.04), 1.51 (95% CI, 1.27-1.80), 1.07 (95% CI, 0.94-1.21), 1.00, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.93-1.23), and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.05-1.38) for whites, respectively. When stratified by age, smoking status, patient type, or the use of antidiabetic drugs, a U-shaped association was still present. When BMI was included in the Cox model as a time-dependent variable, the U-shaped association of BMI with all-cause mortality risk did not change.The present study indicated a U-shaped association of BMI with all-cause mortality risk among black and white patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed among blacks with BMI <30 kg/m(2) and ≥35 kg/m(2) and among whites with BMI <25 kg/m(2) and ≥40 kg/m(2) compared with patients with BMI of 30 to 34.9 kg/m(2).
The BMJ: moving on
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The BMJ might be on a long march from being like Brain , a forbidding, research based journal, to Cosmopolitan , a magazine full of froth and colour. The trick is deciding how fast to go. Most current BMJ readers would be appalled by a BMJ that was like either Brain or Cosmopolitan , but some—those who regret what they see as a constant “dumbing down” in our culture—would like a journal more like Brain , while others—longing for more accessibility and readability—want something closer to Cosmopolitan . Today the BMJ introduces a few changes that take us closer to Cosmopolitan . The most dramatic change is the introduction of a picture on the cover every week, but there are other changes as well.

The most profound but least visible change is that we have extended our mission. It now reads: “To publish rigorous, accessible, and entertaining material that will help doctors and medical students in their daily practice, lifelong learning, and career development. In addition, to be at the forefront of the international debate on health.” Like most mission statements, this is somewhat stiff, dull, and pretentious, but it contains a lot …
Angiotensin II directly stimulates release of atrial natriuretic factor in isolated rabbit hearts.
Authors: A Focaccio, M Volpe, G Ambrosio, G Lembo, S Pannain, S Rubattu, I Enea, S Pignalosa, M Chiariello
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) increases plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in vivo. This phenomenon has been considered secondary to the effects of Ang II on cardiac and systemic hemodynamics. The present study was designed to assess whether Ang II may exert a direct stimulatory effect on ANF release from the heart independent of changes in hemodynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode. Heart rate, coronary flow, and atrial and left ventricular (LV) volumes were kept constant. After stabilization, Ang II was infused intracoronary at increasing doses (10(-11) to 10(-8) M) in nine hearts and at a single dose of 10(-10) M in 10 hearts. Each infusion lasted for 5 minutes and was followed by a 10-minute washout period. Four hearts received vehicle alone for 80 minutes. Ang II induced a dose-dependent increase in coronary perfusion pressure and in LV developed pressure. ANF release, measured by radioimmunoassay on the extracts of the cardiac effluent, also increased during Ang II infusion and returned to the basal values during the 10-minute washout period. In the control group, coronary perfusion pressure, LV developed pressure, and LV end-diastolic pressure did not change appreciably over the observation period, whereas ANF release progressively decreased during perfusion. CONCLUSIONS Ang II can directly stimulate cardiac release of ANF in isolated rabbit hearts independently of changes in hemodynamics.
The Efficacy of Brimonidine in Decreasing Elevations in Intraocular Pressure after Laser Trabeculoplasty
Authors: Howard S. Barnebey, Alan L. Robin, Thom J. Zimmerman, John C. Morrison, Stanley B. Hersh, Richard A. Lewis, Anne L. Coleman, Donald J. Cinotti, John Walt, Kuankuan S. Chen, Elaine P. Kelley
Journal: Ophthalmology (1993)

Purpose:The authors explored the empirical dosing requirement for administration of an a 2 -adrenoceptor agonist, brimonidine, and determined its efficacy in decreasing elevations in intraocular pressure (lOP) after 360° argon laser trabeculoplasty (AL T).Methods: This vehicle-controlled, double-masked, multicenter trial evaluated three dosing regimens of brimonidine.Two hundred thirty-two patients for whom 360° ALT was indicated were randomized into one of four treatment groups: 0.5% brimonidine both before and after ALT; brimonidine before but vehicle after ALT; vehicle before but brimonidine after ALT; or vehicle at both times.Results: During the first 3 hours after 360° ALT, the overall incidence of lOP ele vations of 5 mmHg or greater was 38% (23 of 60 eyes) in the group receiving vehicle only, and it ranged from 3% to 9% (2 of 62 to 5 of 53 eyes) in the groups receiving any brimonidine treatment.There was little difference in efficacy between the three dosing regimens of brimonidine.Brimonidine was well tolerated by the patients.Conclusion: Based on this large, controlled, multicenter study, 0.5% brimonidine was an effective agent for reducing elevations in lOP after 360° ALT.Only one dose, administered either before or after 360° ALT, was required.
American Cancer Society Perspectives on Environmental Factors and Cancer
Authors: E. T. H. Fontham, M. J. Thun, E. Ward, A. J. Balch, J. O. L. Delancey, J. M. Samet
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

Cancer prevention is central to the mission of the American Cancer Society (ACS). The ACS's prevention activities take many forms, but are primarily focused on modifiable risk factors that have been demonstrated to have the largest impact on cancer risk in the general population (with particular emphasis on tobacco use because of its large impact on cancer), and well-proven policy and program interventions. The ACS addresses nutrition, physical inactivity and obesity, alcohol consumption, excessive sun exposure, prevention of certain chronic infections, and selected other environmental factors through a variety of venues, including consensus guidelines (eg, nutrition and physical activity, human papillomavirus vaccination) and developing educational materials for health care providers and the general public. In contrast to the broad definition of environmental factors used by the ACS and most other public health agencies, some members of the general public associate the term "environmental" only with toxic air and water pollutants and other, predominantly manmade, hazards that people encounter, often involuntarily, in their daily life. This article will provide an overview of the ACS's approach to the prevention of cancer associated with such toxic pollutants in the context of its mission and priorities with respect to cancer prevention.
Relapsing yersinia infection.
Authors: R C Read, R E Barry
Journal: BMJ (1990)

BrMedJ \990;300:\694 Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica usually results in a benign and self limiting enteric illness with or without mesenteric lymphadenopathy.1 Diagnosis is made by direct culture of yersinia from stools, and in immuno competent adults there is said to be a rapid and measurable serological response.2 If necessary the illness can usually be cured by treatment with tetra cyclines, co-trimoxazole, or trimethoprim.3 The case that we report did not conform to this pattern.
Aerobic versus strength training for risk factor intervention in middle-aged men at high risk for coronary heart disease
Authors: M.A. Smutok, C. Reece, P.F. Kokkinos, C. Farmer, P. Dawson, R. Shulman, J. DeVane-Bell, J. Patterson, C. Charabogos, A.P. Goldberg, B.F. Hurley
Journal: Metabolism (1993)
Evidence for Choroid-Plexus Arsorption in Hydrocephalus
Authors: Thomas H. Milhorat, Michael B. Mosher, Mary K. Hammock, Cornelius F. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Radioiodinated (131ǀ,nl) serum albumin was injected into the lateral ventricles of eight hydrocephalic children, and the changes in isotope concentration in ventricular fluid, blood and urine were sequentially determined over an interval of 72 to 96 hours. Bilateral excisions of the choroid plexus were eventually performed on seven of these patients, and the findings before and after surgery were compared. In severe progressive hydrocephalus, a substantial transventricular absorption of albumin occurred hourly into blood, with eventual extraction in urine. At operation (72 to 96 hours after intraventricular injection), appreciable concentrations of the isotope were present in the choroid plexus and brain parenchyma; after removal of the choroid plexus, the rate of change of intraventricular isotope concentration showed a substantial decrease (average of 48 per cent) and the blood and urine concentrations were similarly reduced. All patients remained hydrocephalice after operation, and in most cases, ventricular enlargement progressed. These data suggest that, in hydrocephalus at least, the choroid plexus may have a substantial absorptive role.
Mobile Coronary Care Provided by Ambulance Personnel
Authors: N. M. White, W. S. Parker, R. A. Binning, E. R. Kimber, H. W. Ead, D. A. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Mobile coronary care has been provided in Brighton by ambulance personnel without immediate help from physicians or nurses. No additional vehicles or staff were required. The capital cost of the experiment was therefore small and additional running costs were negligible. The results have been monitored by retrospective analysis of electrocardiograms recorded in the ambulance and stored on magnetic tape. In the first 12 months of operation to July 1972, 1,082 patients with suspected cardiac emergencies were carried in two vehicles. Subsequent analysis showed that 76% of these patients had acute symptoms from ischaemic heart disease or had circulatory arrest. Eighty-six per cent. of arrhythmias were diagnosed correctly by the ambulance attendants. Though only eight cases of primary ventricular fibrillation occurred during or shortly before transit all were successfully reversed, and five of these patients subsequently left hospital alive. Other benefits of the scheme have included an appreciable reduction in the median delay between onset of presenting symptoms in patients with acute myocardial ischaemia and their admission to hospital.
THE CYTOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF NEOPLASMS
Authors: WILLIAM CARPENTER MacCARTY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Progress in the diagnosis of morbid anatomic conditions has advanced by steps made possible by new opportunities for research: Thus, the first great opportunity came as a result of permission to study the human body by gross dissections; the second came through the invention of the earliest forms of magnifying lenses, and the third came as a result of methods of fixation, embedding and staining of tissues. We are, I believe, at the beginning of still another opportunity presented by operative surgery through which we are supplied with perfectly fresh, living tissues that are being removed during the active process of disease instead of at the end of disease. It is this opportunity which I wish to place before you—not so much for what has been accomplished as for what might be accomplished in the future. I have lived through the evolution of, and the height of, the period of
For patient or population?
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Two weeks ago, a Head to Head in the BMJ asked whether you should tell patients about treatments that they can't have. Robert Marcus' resounding “yes” ( BMJ 2007;334:826-7 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39171.426690.AD) centred on the premise that doctors owe a primary duty to the patient rather than the state. But how long can this untrammelled advocacy for the individual survive?

Doctors should not “connive with any external agency to deceive patients,” wrote Marcus. The rapid responses agreed, and one of them, published this week as a letter, takes the argument a step further. Patients should not only be made aware of treatments that they can't have, says radiotherapist Michael Williams (doi: …
Effect of the antilipolytic nicotinic acid analogue acipimox on whole-body and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: A Vaag, P Skött, P Damsbo, M A Gall, E A Richter, H Beck-Nielsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Increased nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels may be important in causing insulin resistance in skeletal muscles in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The acute effect of the antilipolytic nicotinic acid analogue Acipimox (2 X 250 mg) on basal and insulin-stimulated (3 h, 40 mU/m2 per min) glucose metabolism was therefore studied in 12 patients with NIDDM. Whole-body glucose metabolism was assessed using [3-3H]glucose and indirect calorimetry. Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle during basal and insulin-stimulated steady-state periods. Acipimox reduced NEFA in the basal state and during insulin stimulation. Lipid oxidation was inhibited by Acipimox in all patients in the basal state (20 +/- 2 vs. 33 +/- 3 mg/m2 per min, P less than 0.01) and during insulin infusion (8 +/- 2 vs. 17 +/- 2 mg/m2 per min, P less than 0.01). Acipimox increased the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (369 +/- 49 vs. 262 +/- 31 mg/m2 per min, P less than 0.01), whereas the glucose disposal rate was unaffected by Acipimox in the basal state. Acipimox increased glucose oxidation in the basal state (76 +/- 4 vs. 50 +/- 4 mg/m2 per min, P less than 0.01). During insulin infusion Acipimox increased both glucose oxidation (121 +/- 7 vs. 95 +/- 4 mg/m2 per min, P less than 0.01) and nonoxidative glucose disposal (248 +/- 47 vs. 167 +/- 29 mg/m2 per min, P less than 0.01). Acipimox enhanced basal and insulin-stimulated muscle fractional glycogen synthase activities (32 +/- 2 vs. 25 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05, and 50 +/- 5 vs. 41 +/- 4%, P less than 0.05). Activities of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase were unaffected by Acipimox. In conclusion, Acipimox acutely improved insulin action in patients with NIDDM by increasing both glucose oxidation and nonoxidative glucose disposal. This supports the hypothesis that elevated NEFA concentrations may be important for the insulin resistance in NIDDM. The mechanism responsible for the increased insulin-stimulated nonoxidative glucose disposal may be a stimulatory effect of Acipimox on glycogen synthase activity in skeletal muscles.
804-4 The relationship between minute ventilation and the rate of CO 2 elimination reflects the right ventricular oxidative metabolism in heart failure
Authors: Heikki Ukkonen, Rob de Kemp, Ross Davies, William Dafoe, Ian Burwash, Haissam Haddad, Karen Mostert, May Aung, Terry Ruddy, Rob Beanlands
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Like Other Segments of Culture, Military Has Had to Come to Grips With Drug Abuse Problems
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IN MAY 1981, during night military exercises off Florida's Atlantic coast, a Navy plane crashed on the aircraft carrier<i>Nimitz</i>, killing 14 persons, including the plane's pilot, and injuring 42. Subsequently, it was found that the pilot had excessive levels of antihistamines in his blood—11 times more than the recommended therapeutic levels. These developments helped to stimulate a rapid expansion of the Navy's drug abuse screening program. The Army and the Air Force also have acknowledged the problem and screen their personnel at regular intervals for drugs of abuse. The Navy's drug screening laboratories collaborate with those of the other services. <h3>Abuse Seems to Be Declining</h3> As a result, says the Department of Defense, use of illegal drugs among members of the US military has dropped at least 80% since 1980. That estimate is based in large part on anonymous responses from 17 213 armed services members questioned in a
"COORDINATION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION"
Authors: F. W. Niehaus
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In a recent article on this subject by Dr. C. R. Bardeen, there appear several statements that deserve comment. He states that "those responsible for educational diagnostic clinics should emphasize the importance of rewarding the private practitioners for careful physical examination, advice as to prevention of disease, and early diagnosis. In the discussion of laboratory facilities, he states that 83,121 specimens were received by the state board of health, and at the central laboratory 32,000 Wassermann tests and 1,000 spinal fluid examinations were made. He states further: "These services are carried out free of charge. It is undoubtedly a great economic saving to have laboratory work of this kind centralized.... Probably more than two thirds of the practitioners in the state take advantage of them, and this I believe fully justifies the public expenditure involved." Evidently the latter service is available to the financially self-supporting, as well
Effect of glucagon and pentagastrin on gastric mucosal potential difference in man.
Authors: A Tarnawski, K J Ivey, J E McGuigan, J England
Journal: Gut (1978)

Glucagon given as an intravenous injection of 2 mg (0.57 mmol) or as constant intravenous infusion of 1.64 microgram/kg/h (0.47 nmol/kg/h) significantly increased gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) in man. Pentagastrin infusion of 2 microgram/kg/h (2.8 nmol/kg/h) dramatically reduced gastric PD in man. The effect of each of these hormones on PD was reversed by the administration of the other. Changes in PD induced by one hormone were not associated with reductions in blood levels of the other. There was an approximate correlation between changes in PD and pH of gastric aspirates, however, the patterns of PD and pH changes were at times dissimilar. This study indicates that administration of gastrointestinal hormones significantly alters gastric mucosal PD in man.