tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic basis of primary hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: G L Vega, M A Denke, S M Grundy
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Hypercholesterolemia is a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying hypercholesterolemia, elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) in particular, are not well understood. To determine these mechanisms, we studied LDL kinetics in a group of men with primary hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS LDL kinetics in 134 middle-aged men with high-risk levels of LDL cholesterol (more than 160 mg/dl) were compared with kinetics in 16 men with borderline high-risk levels of LDL cholesterol (120-159 mg/dl) and 14 men with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (non-FH) were further divided into moderate hypercholesterolemia (LDL cholesterol, 160-210 mg/dl; n = 108) and severe hypercholesterolemia groups (LDL cholesterol, more than 210 mg/dl; n = 26). Four factors contributed to increasing LDL cholesterol concentrations above the borderline range to moderately elevated levels: 37 patients had no increase in LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B levels but had abnormally high LDL cholesterol-to-apo B ratios; 14 patients had very low fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) for LDL, similar to FH patients; 35 patients had FCRs for LDL in the borderline range but high production rates for LDL; and 22 patients had a high flux of LDL (high production rates and high FCRs). In general, patients with severe hypercholesterolemia resembled those with moderate LDL elevations, except that their LDL particles were enriched with cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Data from the present study reveal that there are several distinct patterns of LDL metabolism responsible for primary hypercholesterolemia. These patterns can serve as the basis for further investigation to determine the molecular defects responsible for each pattern.
Gestosis and the Psychosomatic Phenomenon – An Empirical Investigation
Authors: F. Berger, R. Rauskolb, M. Schütz, S. Stephanos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

Patients suffering from psychosomatic diseases in the strict sense of the term (asthma, ulcers, colitis etc.) have characteristic object relations which we call the 'relation blanche'. The present investigation aims at finding out whether similar features can be observed in patients suffering from early and late gestosis. The results indicate that there is a definite connection between gestosis and the group of strictly psychosomatic diseases, thus confirming our hypothesis that gestosis does not primarily represent a neurotic conflict situation nor a psychotic breakdown.
IMPACT OF TOTAL ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE, ASCENDING AND DESCENDING AORTIC WALL STIFFNESS ON LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS AND GEOMETRY
Authors: Payman Zamani, Scott Akers, Prithvi Shiva Kumar, Sanjal Desai, Shivapriya Peddireddy, Deepa Rawat, Prasad Konda, Snigdha Jain, Philip Haines, Julio Chirinos Medina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Understanding the benign nature of SIV infection in natural hosts
Authors: Guido Silvestri, Mirko Paiardini, Ivona Pandrea, Michael M. Lederman, Donald L. Sodora
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

In striking contrast to HIV infection, natural SIV infection of African nonhuman primates is asymptomatic and usually does not induce significant CD4+ T cell depletion despite high levels of virus replication. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the remarkable difference in infection outcome between natural and nonnatural HIV/SIV hosts. These advances include the identification of limited immune activation as a key factor protecting natural SIV hosts from AIDS and the discovery of low CC chemokine receptor 5 expression on CD4+ T cells as a specific and consistent immunologic feature in these animals. Further elucidation of the pathways by which the differences in immune activation between natural and nonnatural hosts are manifest holds promise for the design of novel therapeutic approaches to HIV infection.
Science and Scam: Alternative Thought Patterns in Alternative Health Care
Authors: Faith T. Fitzgerald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

I recently undertook a study of advertisements for weight-loss schemes and the multitude of nostrums, pills, devices, diets, techniques, and tonics offered through the mails that promise to metamorphose the buyer magically into a slimmer, sexier, healthier self. During the course of the study I was caught up in a whirl of press, radio, and television appearances, discussing the obese. In the course of these appearances, as well as in subsequent letters and personal and telephone communications, I was introduced to some of the progenitors and adherents of naturalism, health foods, faddism, and "nontraditional" medicine. This was an enlightening and . . .
TCT-397 Estimation of Plaque Instability by Comparing Culprit versus Non-culprit Lesion Characteristics by OCT in Patients presenting with ACS
Authors: Masataka Nakano, Sho Torii, Gaku Nakazawa, Nobuhiko Ogata, Renu Virmani, Yuji Ikari
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Combined Use of OCT and IVUS in Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Manuel Paulo, Jorge Sandoval, Vera Lennie, Jaime Dutary, Miguel Medina, Nieves Gonzalo, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, Javier Escaned, Camino Bañuelos, Rosana Hernandez, Carlos Macaya, Fernando Alfonso
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
THE TREATMENT OF AMEBIASIS WITH IODOCHLORHYDROXYQUINOLINE (VIOFORM N. N. R.)
Authors: N. A. DAVID
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Chiniofon N. N. R., which is sodium iodohydroxyquinolinesulphonate, has been widely exploited under various trademarked names (yatren, anayodin) as a relatively nontoxic and supposedly efficient amebacide. It is amazing that there was, until recently, so littlecriticalexperimental or clinical study of this compound, especially in comparison with other halogenated oxyquinolines, of which there are many. Why was iodohydroxyquinoline selected for clinical exploitation from those halogenated oxyquinolines available for study when no evidence was furnished that it has demonstrable advantages over the others?  EXPERIMENTAL DATA ON IODOCHLORHYDROXYQUINOLINE  As part of a comprehensive survey of the chemotherapy of amebiasis,1this compound was compared with hydroxyquinoline and certain of its halogenated  derivatives from the standpoint of oral toxicity in guinea-pigs and cats, amebacidal action in vitro, and balantidicidal effect in naturally infested guinea-pigs. We noted an increase in toxicity with increasing halogenation of oxyquinoline and in proportion to the atomic weight
Belief in God and in strong government as accidental cognitive by-products
Authors: Peter Kramer, Paola Bressan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Von Hippel &amp; Trivers (VH&amp;T) interpret belief in God and belief in strong government as the outcome of an active process of self-deception on a worldwide scale. We propose, instead, that these beliefs might simply be a passive spin-off of efficient cognitive processes.
Effects of social support during parturition on maternal and infant morbidity.
Authors: M H Klaus, J H Kennell, S S Robertson, R Sosa
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Because continuous social support during labour is a component of care in many societies but inconsistent in our own, the clinical effect of support during labour on maternal and neonatal morbidity were studied. Social support was provided by female companions. Four hundred and sixty five healthy primigravidous women were enrolled using a randomised design. Compared with 249 women undergoing labour alone 168 women who had supportive female companions throughout labour had significantly fewer perinatal complications (p less than 0.001), including caesarean sections (7% v 17%, p less than 0.01) and oxytocin augmentation (2% v 13%, p less than 0.001), and fewer infants admitted to neonatal intensive care (p less than 0.10). Of the women who had an uncomplicated labour and delivery requiring no interventions, those with a companion had a significantly shorter duration of labour (7.7 hours v 15.5 hours, p less than 0.001). This study suggests that constant human support may be of great benefit to women during labour.
Calculated Risk of Sports Fatalities
Authors: Kenneth S. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A sports fatality is news with impact across the nation. As school administrators and physicians attest, news of each fatality perpetuates a prevailing anxiety among educators and parents: Are our youth accepting undue risks by going out for sports? Charged as it is with emotion, this question of calculated risk receives treatment more expeditious than judicious. Critics and enthusiasts alike tend to limit their calculated-risk rationale to fatalities, to overestimate the utility of a fatality report as a sports-risk figure, and thus to overinterpret the same data to support their respective positions. This basis for decisiveness contributes neither to an understanding of undue risk nor to quiet evaluation of the fatalities that occur. <h3>Calculated Risk.—</h3> Calculated risk is an assessment of the hazards in the sports being offered relative to the sports' purported benefits. Subsequent conclusions underly decisions affecting the participation of typical and atypical candidates. However, we do not
A guide to imaging for common neurological problems
Authors: A. B. Cohen, J. P. Klein, S. Mukundan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

#### Summary points

Patients with headache, transient neurological episodes, symptoms after minor head trauma, and neck and low back pain often present to general practitioners and emergency room physicians. The examining doctor may be uncertain whether neurological imaging is needed. In this article, we discuss indications for imaging and tests that would be most useful in these scenarios. Table 1⇓ summarises our approach to this problem. Figure 1⇓ provides a walk through of representative images from patients with headache or minor head trauma, showing normal and abnormal findings. Figure 2⇓ shows various examples of abnormal imaging findings relevant to the clinical scenarios described here.

Occasionally, imaging leads to the incidental discovery of a lesion of unknown importance. We will also discuss the management and interpretation of such findings.



Fig 1 (A) In acute headache or minor head trauma, head computed tomography may be recommended. All images are oriented axially. A normal head computed tomography is shown. The brain structures are evaluated for symmetry …
ARGYRIA FROM USE OF SILVER PROTEIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: A. J. Patek
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In view of the timely remarks emphasizing the lurking danger in the indiscriminate use of neosilvol, a colloidal silver preparation, in disorders of the upper respiratory tract, as recently reported inThe Journal(January 20, p. 202) by H. K. Berkley of Los Angeles, I am constrained to add my experience with another equally widely used and advertised silver salt; viz., argyrol. My personal unfortunate experience with argyrol covers two cases and knowledge of a third. Briefly, the case of marked argyria is that of a spinster, aged 60, who has for years had argyrol in 10 per cent solution in her possession as a constant household remedy. This patient has been subject to frequent colds and at every such provocation has been in the habit of instilling a few drops of the silver solution in both nostrils. She now has the unmistakable and, of course, indelible
The Key to Genius: Manic-Depression and the Creative Life
Authors: Dorothy M. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In the past, eccentricity and genius were often considered to be linked. Suffering and disordered, tumultuous lives were thought to be the essence of genius. Was this a valid concept with a discernible basis? The authors, one an artist and the other a psychiatrist, examine and evaluate this issue in this book. They seek to discover the concomitants that transform a talented individual to one of genius. They examine in detail the lives of four well-known historical figures— Isaac Newton, Charles Dickens, Ludwig van Beethoven, and Vincent van Gogh—and find one common thread, manic-depressive disorder. This, they believe, accounts for their success as men of extraordinary creativity. They also find that these men experienced periods of tumult and chaos and interference with creativity when the disorder was acute. Alcoholism was a prominent complicating factor. Beethoven, for example, used alcohol and opium as self-medication for excessive mood swings. Others, such as
Sign of Leser-Trélat
Authors: Donald C. Doll
Journal: JAMA (1977)

We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung associated with the sudden appearance of seborrheic keratosis and acquired ichthyosis. We conclude that the sign of Leser-Trélat is a rare cutaneous manifestation of internal malignant disease. (<i>JAMA</i>238:236-237, 1977)
Absence of epicardial coronary stenosis in patients with systemic sclerosis with severe impairment of coronary flow reserve
Authors: A Vacca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is known to be characterised by a diffuse microvascular pathological process leading to cutaneous and visceral changes and to related clinical manifestations.

Both necropsy studies1,2 and in vivo investigations3–5 have shown that in a number of patients with SSc there is evidence of a coronary microvascular disease, while coronary artery disease does not exceed that seen in a control group. In particular, myocardial perfusion defects on thallium-201 scintigraphy usually occur in the absence of angiographic evidence of coronary stenosis.3

Recently, we used a new and non-invasive method of contrast enhanced, transthoracic, second harmonic echo Doppler in patients with SSc to evaluate the coronary flow reserve (CFR), a functional variable measuring the ability of the coronary microvasculature to adapt its lumen to a vasodilating stimulus.6 We detected a significant reduction of the CFR …
Effects of verapamil on pulmonary haemodynamics during hypoxaemia, at rest, and during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: S E Brown, G S Linden, R R King, G P Blair, D W Stansbury, R W Light
Journal: Thorax (1983)

The haemodynamic effects of intravenous verapamil at rest, during hypoxaemia, and during progressive exercise were evaluated in 10 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Verapamil produced significant decreases in the peak heart rate and systemic blood pressure during exercise but exercise capacity and pulmonary gas exchange at exhaustion were unaffected. There were no significant changes in pulmonary artery pressure or total pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise or during the breathing of either air or a hypoxic gas mixture at rest. No clinically useful benefit was found with verapamil in the dosage used in this group of patients and the value of calcium antagonists in the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease requires further clarification.
Res ipsa loquitur. 5. Orthopedics
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1972)

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The Cancer and Leukemia Group B Oncology Nursing Committee (1983-2006): A History of Passion, Commitment, Challenge, and Accomplishment
Authors: Ellen Lavoie Smith, Consuelo Skosey, Jane Armer, Deborah Berg, Constance Cirrincione, Mary Henggeler
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Oncology Nursing Committee (ONC) was initially established in 1983 as a working group with the specific aim of promoting protocol compliance through collaboration, communication, and education to enhance the scientific goals of the Group. Due to the efforts of its members, the committee gained full committee status. ONC members now serve as principal investigators and coinvestigators on research studies, continue to sponsor biannual educational sessions individually and in concert with other CALGB committees, and continue to develop tools to enlighten patients about their disease and the clinical trial process. The ONC, an administrative group of 12 members, provides leadership within CALGB. Although ONC members have always acted as liaisons to the disease and modality committees, three positions have recently been designated specifically for doctorally prepared nurse scientists. Since its inception, general nurse membership within the group has more than doubled to a total of more than 500 members.
Mortality indicators used to rank hospital performance
Authors: J. Nicholl, R. Jacques, M. J. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Should include deaths that occur after discharge

There is considerable debate about the value of using hospital mortality rates adjusted for case mix as an indicator of the quality and safety of care provided by hospitals. A linked paper by Pouw and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f5913) investigates the inclusion of post-discharge deaths in these mortality indicators.1 The main doubts about their value are that standardisation for differences between hospitals in the characteristics of their patients (the case mix) doesn’t work, and that these indicators do not measure performance because they are not related to avoidable mortality. There is no doubt that the case mix adjustment is problematic. We know that different adjustment models lead to different results,2 and that important measures of case mix are missing from models based on routine data.3 We also know that these measures are at best weakly related to avoidable mortality—models show that they would begin to be useful for identifying poor quality of care only when at least 16% of hospital deaths are avoidable.4 Recent studies have shown that in the United Kingdom this figure is closer …
Desmopressin and bleeding time in patients with cirrhosis.
Authors: A K Burroughs, K Matthews, M Qadiri, N Thomas, P Kernoff, E Tuddenham, N McIntyre
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Desmopressin acetate 0.3 microgram/kg was given intravenously to nine patients with chronic liver disease and to a further six such patients in a double blind controlled study versus placebo. Desmopressin acetate significantly shortened the bleeding time compared with basal values in both groups and compared with placebo. There was also a significant decrease in partial thromboplastin time (but not prothrombin time) and significant increases in factor VIII and its components, von Willebrand factor and ristocetin cofactor activity, but not in factors VII, IX, X, XI, or XII. Increased fibrinolysis could be blocked by concomitant administration of tranexamic acid. No important side effects were seen. The multimer pattern of von Willebrand factor was studied for the first time in chronic liver disease. It was normal, but after administration of desmopressin acetate the percentage of multimers of higher molecular weight increased significantly. This may be an important mechanism in the shortening of the bleeding time in cirrhosis, as has been shown in uraemia and other conditions after administration of desmopressin acetate. Desmopressin acetate may be useful in correcting defects in primary haemostasis in chronic liver disease.
Effects of Sequence Alignment and Structural Domains of Ribosomal DNA on Phylogeny Reconstruction for the Protozoan Family Sarcocystidae
Authors: N. B. Mugridge, D. A. Morrison, T. Jäkel, A. R. Heckeroth, A. M. Tenter, A. M. Johnson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Finding correct species relationships using phylogeny reconstruction based on molecular data is dependent on several empirical and technical factors. These include the choice of DNA sequence from which phylogeny is to be inferred, the establishment of character homology within a sequence alignment, and the phylogeny algorithm used. Nevertheless, sequencing and phylogeny tools provide a way of testing certain hypotheses regarding the relationship among the organisms for which phenotypic characters demonstrate conflicting evolutionary information. The protozoan family Sarcocystidae is one such group for which molecular data have been applied phylogenetically to resolve questionable relationships. However, analyses carried out to date, particularly based on small-subunit ribosomal DNA, have not resolved all of the relationships within this family. Analysis of more than one gene is necessary in order to obtain a robust species signal, and some DNA sequences may not be appropriate in terms of their phylogenetic information content. With this in mind, we tested the informativeness of our chosen molecule, the large-subunit ribosomal DNA (lsu rDNA), by using subdivisions of the sequence in phylogenetic analysis through PAUP, fastDNAml, and neighbor joining. The segments of sequence applied correspond to areas of higher nucleotide variation in a secondary-structure alignment involving 21 taxa. We found that subdivision of the entire lsu rDNA is inappropriate for phylogenetic analysis of the Sarcocystidae. There are limited informative nucleotide sites in the lsu rDNA for certain clades, such as the one encompassing the subfamily Toxoplasmatinae. Consequently, the removal of any segment of the alignment compromises the final tree topology. We also tested the effect of using two different alignment procedures (CLUSTAL W and the structure alignment using DCSE) and three different tree-building methods on the final tree topology. This work shows that congruence between different methods in the formation of clades may be a feature of robust topology; however, a sequence alignment based on primary structure may not be comparing homologous nucleotides even though the expected topology is obtained. Our results support previous findings showing the paraphyly of the current genera Sarcocystis and Hammondia and again bring to question the relationships of Sarcocystis muris, Isospora felis, and Neospora caninum. In addition, results based on phylogenetic analysis of the structure alignment suggest that Sarcocystis zamani and Sarcocystis singaporensis, which have reptilian definitive hosts, are monophyletic with Sarcocystis species using mammalian definitive hosts if the genus Frenkelia is synonymized with Sarcocystis.