tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Generalized Amyloid in a Family of Swedish Origin
Authors: MERRILL D. BENSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

We report a new kinship with systemic amyloid presenting as peripheral neuropathy in the fourth and fifth decades of life. A progressive sensory and motor loss starting in the lower extremities occurs from this disease, and there is subsequent renal, cardiac, gastrointestinal, ocular, and cutaneous involvement. Histologic studies show that amyloid deposition is mainly in connective tissue structures; there is an unusual infiltration of the meninges and central nervous system. Review of records of 426 family members in seven generations showed that this disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant. The absence of immunoglobulin disorders in two affected family members studied in depth suggests that this is not the primary type of amyloid in which the deposits are composed of fragments of immunoglobulin light chains. Similarly the absence of elevated levels of protein SAA (the serum precursor of secondary amyloid) suggests that this is not a secondary form of amyloid.
1002-100 Tyrosine kinase-dependent mechanism occurs downstream of protein kinase C activation in the pharmacological preconditioning by alpha-1 adrenoceptor stimulation
Authors: Shinji Okubo, Yujirou Tanabe, Ryoko Satho, Yachiyo Hoshiba, Kenji Takeda, Michihiko Kitayama, Seiyu Kanemitsu, Hiroichi Tsugawa, Noboru Takekoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Epidermal proliferative response induced by sodium dodecyl sulphate varies with environmental humidity
Authors: M. Denda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Previous studies have suggested that susceptibility of skin to external agents increases in the dry winter season.To test the hypothesis that environmental humidity affects skin sensitivity to irritants.The epidermal hyperplasia induced by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) under various humidity conditions was evaluated on the skin of hairless mice.Mice kept under low humidity for 2 days showed more obvious epidermal proliferation 24 h after topical application of SDS than those kept under high or normal humidity for 2 days. In contrast, mice kept under high humidity for 2 weeks showed more obvious epidermal proliferation 24 h after topical application of SDS than those kept under low or normal humidity. The transepidermal water loss was altered significantly in the animals kept under high humidity for 2 weeks, although it was not altered during the first 7 days under either low or high humidity.These results suggest that environmental humidity influences the sensitivity of skin to topical application of SDS and that increased sensitivity is not always associated with alteration of the water impermeability of the stratum corneum.
CtIP, a BRCA1 binding protein, is a transcriptional corepressor of estrogen receptor α.
Authors: JH Ludes-Meyers, M Wu, C Aldaz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #606 The role of estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) transcriptional regulation in breast carcinogenesis is indisputable. In the last few years there has been dramatic progress in understanding how receptor transcriptional coactivator and corepressor complexes operate.&amp;#x2028; We demonstrated that CtIP (CtBP interacting protein) is downregulated in tamoxifen resistant breast cancer lines. Furthermore, CtIP protein expression correlates with response to neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy and patients with progressive disease express lower CtIP protein in their primary breast carcinomas than those who respond. CtIP expression directly correlates with ER alpha expression, and inversely correlates with disease free survival and breast cancer metastasis. Importantly, silencing endogenous CtIP confers tamoxifen resistance in tamoxifen sensitive breast cancer cells and re-expression restored tamoxifen sensitivity in resistant breast cancer cells (Wu et al. Molec. Cancer Res. 2007; 5: 1285-1295). Our findings indicate that CtIP silencing is a novel mechanism for the development of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer.&amp;#x2028; CtIP interacts with the BRCT domains of BRCA1 where most mutations occur in familial BRCA1 breast cancers. CtIP also interacts with the transcriptional corepressor CtBP. Emerging evidence suggests that CtIP is involved in transcriptional repression and may be a tumor suppressor gene. We hypothesize that CtIP plays a key role in repression of ER transcription and such repressive function is linked to the inhibitory growth effects exerted by tamoxifen. We further speculate that CtIP inhibition of ER transcription is mediated by its ability to bridge BRCA1 with CtBP to form a transcriptional corepressor complex able to modulate ER activity via the interaction between BRCA1 and ER and that CtIP is in fact required for BRCA1 to exert its transcriptional repression activity on ER. We will present our work showing that CtIP, BRCA1 and CtBP form a multiprotein complex, that requires CtIP, and associates with ER in breast cancer cells. More importantly, we will show that BRCA1, CtIP and CtBP associate with ER on the ER-dependent promoter of the pS2 gene in the absence of ligand. Stimulation by ligand leads to dissociation of the complex and ER-dependent gene expression. Furthermore, silencing CtIP expression using RNAi in E2-starved MCF-7 cells led to an increase of basal transcription of the pS2 gene. CtIP was also observed to repress E2 stimulation of ERE-luciferase in transfected MCF-7 cells. We are currently characterizing the role of the CtIP corepressor complex in ER-transcriptional activity. We will present the results of our efforts to identify specific ER-dependent promoters repressed by the CtIP corepressor. In addition, we will present results of studies aimed at characterizing CtIP-specific changes in chromatin remodeling and ER-cofactor recruitment at ER-dependent promoters. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 606.
Sclerodermalike Esophageal Disease in Children of Mothers With Silicone Breast Implants
Authors: Otto J. Placik
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Analysis of the data presented by Drs Levine and Ilowite<sup>1</sup>raises several questions. Of the 26 children who were born of mothers with silicone breast implants and who presented with abdominal pain and additional symptoms, only 11 children from six families were evaluated. Fifteen of these 26 individuals, although purportedly presenting for concerns about second-generation effects, "refused the study." No comment was made nor was any follow-up available on these 15 children and whether their abdominal complaints progressed. Why would more than half of the patients initially complaining of abdominal pain and associated symptoms then deny thorough evaluation? Furthermore, as one reviews the data, the eight individuals who agreed to proceed with the study came from only four families. It is reported that six individuals had "significant abnormal esophageal motility." We are not, however, informed as to how many families are involved. From the presented data,
Low prevalence of human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus in adult immunocompromised high risk patients suspected to suffer from Pneumocystis pneumonia
Authors: Andreas Müller, Dennis Klinkenberg, Jörg Vehreschild, Oliver Cornely, Ramona Liza Tillmann, Caspar Franzen, Arne Simon, Oliver Schildgen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)

Novel respiratory viruses were discovered in the last years predominantly in children. Until now information on newly identified respiratory viruses in immunosuppressed adult patients is limited. Here we investigated immunocompromised adults with suspected Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) for new respiratory viruses.
Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatic fibrosis: Emerging clinical applications
Authors: Jayant A. Talwalkar, Meng Yin, Jeff L. Fidler, Schuyler O. Sanderson, Patrick S. Kamath, Richard L. Ehman
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. While the majority of complications from chronic liver disease result from progressive hepatic fibrosis, the available diagnostic tests used in clinical practice are not sensitive or specific enough to detect occult liver injury at early or intermediate stages. While liver biopsy can stage the extent of fibrosis at diagnosis, its utility as a tool for longitudinal monitoring will be limited at the population level. To date, a number of methods including serum marker panels and ultrasound-based transient elastrography have been proposed for the non-invasive identification of hepatic fibrosis. Novel techniques including magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, diffusion weighted MR, and MR elastography have also emerged for detecting fibrosis. In contrast to other non-invasive methods, MR imaging holds the promise of providing functional and biological information about hepatic pathophysiology as it relates to the natural history and future treatment of hepatic fibrosis. (Hepatology 2007.)
Love and death in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde--an epic anticholinergic crisis
Authors: G. Weitz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde the main protagonists take a love potion, which has various side effects and possibly causes Isolde's death. Gunther Weitz argues that the symptoms fit with severe anticholinergic syndrome 

In the opera Tristan und Isolde Richard Wagner reports the poisoning of Tristan and Isolde by a “love potion.” Shortly after ingestion of the potion, the protagonists declare their love, and both die during the opera. The opera has been extensively interpreted by psychoanalysts1–3 and musicologists,4–6 but, although at least Isolde's death remains unexplained and might be due to the potion, the medical profession has not yet analysed the case. I present evidence to suggest that the lovers were affected by a severe anticholinergic syndrome and that this is the most likely cause of Isolde's death.

The story of Tristan and Isolde (Iseult), who fell in immortal love after drinking a magic potion, originated in the 6th century and was told in England, Ireland, and the north of France. It first appeared in writing in the 12th century, and Wagner used as his source the poetry of Gottfried von Strassburg, from around 1210.7 Although Strassburg was familiar with alchemy,8 he did not report the side effects of the love potion. Wagner's detailed description of the symptoms suffered by the protagonists may indicate his attention to possible ingredients.

Tristan, nephew of King Marke and knight of the Cornish court, and Isolde, princess of Ireland and King Marke's bride, try to commit suicide together by drinking poison which, however, turns out to be a …
Varenicline raises risk of heart problems, analysis indicates
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Smokers who use the smoking cessation drug varenicline (marketed in the United Kingdom as Champix) are at increased risk of heart problems, a new meta-analysis has concluded.

A team led by Sonal Singh of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore and Yoon Loke of the University of East Anglia combined results from 14 trials to reach its conclusion, published in the journal of the Canadian Medical Association, CMAJ (doi:10.1503/cmaj.110218). Pfizer, which manufactures varenicline, questioned the conclusion, which it said was based on a very small number of events.

A single trial ( Circulation 2010;121:221-9, doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.869008) accounted for more than half the …
Negligence through loss of chance
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Can a plaintiff in a negligence case win damages for the loss of a chance or an opportunity-for instance, a less than 50% chance that quick medical treatment might have prevented permanent disability?Yes, ruled the Court of Appeal last month in Hotson v East Berkshire Health Authority, unanimously dismissing the health authority's appeal.The case, which may go to the House of Lords, raises what the Master of the Rolls, Sir John Donaldson, described as a novel point on damages in the law of tort.Although there are several precedents for awarding damages for the loss of a chance where a claim is based on breach of contract, the health authority argued that there is no authority for doing so where a plaintiff sues in tort.Nearly 10 years ago, in April 1977, 13 year old Steven Hotson was swinging from a rope when he dropped 12 feet on to muddy ground, landing on his seat.He suffered an acute traumatic fracture separation of the left femoral epiphysis, but this was not diagnosed when he was taken to St Luke's Hospital, Maidenhead, because no radiograph was taken of his femur or hip.A radiograph of his left knee showed no injury, and he was given an elastic knee bandage and told to return in 10 days if necessary."I draw a veil over the next five days, during which the plaintiff suffered excruciating pain and received scant sympathy and no real treatment from his general practitioner," said the Master of the Rolls in his judgment.His general practitioner, who thought he was exaggerating his injury and trying to avoid school, simply prescribed tablets.The general practitioner and his partners were additional defendants, but the claim against them was settled before the trial.Five days after the accident Steven Hotson was taken back to St Luke's, where he was re-examined and a radiograph of his hip was obtained.He was given emergency treatment by traction and manipulation under general anaesthesia, and the fracture was reduced and pinned.However, he developed avascular necrosis with resultant distortion and collapse of the epiphysis, producing increasing deformity of the left hip.By the age of 20 there was severe shortening of the left leg resulting from the severe flexion and adduction deformity of the hip; this was causing spinal deformity that was thought likely to become permanent.There was pain and discomfort in the left knee and hip and, increasingly, backache.Osteoarthritis was inevitable. Expert witnesses disagreeHow likely was it that immediate diagnosis and treatment would have prevented permanent disability?The expert witnesses disagreed, but in the high court Mr Justice Simon Brown made four findings of fact, all of which, for the purposes of the appeal, the health authority accepted: that even had there been a correct diagnosis and treatment on the day of the accident there was a 75%
Prevalence of stratified epithelium-specific antinuclear antibodies in 138 patients with lichen planus
Authors: Aurora Parodi, Emanuele Cozzani, Cesare Massone, Alfredo Rebora, Luigi Priano, Giovanni Ghigliotti, Paolo Balbi, Franco Rongioletti, Claudia Micalizzi, Rossella Cestari, Giuseppe Varaldo, Gianfranco Barabino, Giuseppe Cannata, Francesco Drago, Vittorio Moreno, Luciano Schiazza, Gianfranco Muzio, Enrico Scaparro, Bruno Alibrandi, Roberto Bandelloni, Marina Ciaccio, Giovanni Desirello, Pier Mario Isola, Stefano Ottoboni, Paolo Rampini, Giuseppe Santoro, Stefania Sorbara, Giovanni Virno
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Congenital and Adult Intestinal Lactase Deficiency
Authors: Gary M. Gray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Although lactase was identified in mammalian small intestine more than 40 years ago,1 the enzyme was commonly believed to be secreted into intestinal fluid until Crane and his colleagues2 3 4 established that disaccharidases are constituents of the brush-border membrane at the surface of the intestinal cell. Predictably, this finding, coupled with the increasing simplicity of peroral intestinal biopsy technics, heralded the early reports of lactase deficiency in man in 1963.5 , 6 It is now accepted that dietary disaccharides are hydrolyzed efficiently on the luminal surface of intestinal cells to yield monosaccharide products such as glucose and galactose that are then transported across . . .
The demise and resurrection of large paracenteses
Authors: Joan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

To investigate the usefulness of paracentesis as an alternative treatment for ascites, 41 cirrhotic patients with ‘tense’ ascites were randomly assigned to treatment with either repeated paracenteses plus i.v. albumin infusion ( n =20) or diuretics ( n =21). Satisfactory mobilization of ascites was obtained with paracentesis in all but one case and with diuretics in all but two cases. Ascites disappeared within 3 or 4 days with paracentesis, but only after 15 days with diuretics. The rate of reaccumulation of ascites following paracentesis, without diuretic administration, exceeded 300 g/day in only 5 patients. The incidence of complications and the mortality rate were similar in both groups of patients during hospital stay and during follow-up. This was corroborated by the evidence that no negative changes were induced in clinical and laboratory parameters of hemodynamic, hepatic and renal function after evacuation of the ascites. These results confirm that repeated paracenteses combined with human albumin replacement are safe and effective for treating ‘tense’ ascites, and more rapid than traditional diuretic therapy.
Warfarin-Induced Necrosis
Authors: D. KOHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 October 1975Warfarin-Induced NecrosisD. KOHN, M.D.D. KOHN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-580_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Lacy and Gordon (1) described a warfarin-induced necrosis. An alternate explanation could be brought forward, considering the following observations: [1] the prolonged prothrombin time was quickly corrected, but the lesion continued to grow; [2] there were multiple platelet thrombi in small arterioles and veins.These lesions may occur postoperatively (2) and after infections of viral origin without anticoagulant treatment. Unfortunately, fibrinogen split products were not examined.The case may well have been one of compensated or subacute disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with rather low levels of fibrinogen and thrombocytes. This clinical entity is called purpura fulminans (3)....References1. LACYGORDON JR: Warfarin-induced necrosis of skin. Ann Intern Med 82:381-382, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BICKARBEGASTCOMER RNT: Fatal purpura fulminans following total cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiovasc Surg 14:569-571, 1973 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. MCKAY D: Therapeutic implication of DIC. Am J Cardiol 20:392-410, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Internal Medicine Kaplan Hospital Jerusalem Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4Page: 580-580KeywordsAnticoagulantsArteriolesCoagulopathyFibrinogenLesionsNecrosisPlateletsProthrombin timeVeins Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Management of Pain and Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Janet L. Abrahm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

General internists often care for patients with advanced cancer. These patients have substantial morbidity caused by moderate to severe pain and by spinal cord compression. With appropriate multidisciplinary care, pain can be controlled in 90% of patients who have advanced malignant conditions, and 90% of ambulatory patients with spinal cord compression can remain ambulatory. Guidelines have been developed for assessing and managing patients with these problems, but implementing the guidelines can be problematic for physicians who infrequently need to use them. This paper traces the last year of life of Mr. Simmons, a hypothetical patient who is dying of refractory prostate cancer. Mr. Simmons and his family interact with professionals from various disciplines during this year. Advance care planning is completed and activated. Practical suggestions are offered for assessment and treatment of all aspects of his pain, including its physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. The methods of pain relief used or discussed include nonpharmacologic techniques, nonopioid analgesics, opioids, adjuvant medications, radiation therapy, and radiopharmaceutical agents. Overcoming resistance to taking opioids; initiating, titrating, and changing opioid routes and agents; and preventing or relieving the side effects they induce are also covered. Data on assessment and treatment of spinal cord compression are reviewed. Physicians can use the techniques described to more readily implement existing guidelines and provide comfort and optimize quality of life for patients with advanced cancer.
Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease in Extremely Immature Baboons
Authors: JACQUELINE J. COALSON, VICKI T. WINTER, THERESA SILER-KHODR, BRADLEY A. YODER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

A borderline viability model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)/chronic lung disease of infancy (CLD) with pathophysiologic parameters consistent with those in extremely immature humans with BPD/CLD is described. After prenatal steroid treatment of pregnant dams, 12 premature baboons were delivered by cesarean-section at 125 d (term gestation, 185 d), treated with exogenous surfactant, and maintained on appropriate oxygen and positive pressure ventilation for at least 1 to 2 mo. In spite of appropriate oxygenation (median Fi O2 at 28 d = 0.32; range, 0.21 to 0.50) and ventilatory strategies to prevent volutrauma, the baboons exhibited pulmonary pathologic lesions known to occur in extremely immature humans of less than 1,000 g: alveolar hypoplasia, variable saccular wall fibrosis, and minimal, if any, airway disease. The CLD baboon lungs showed significantly decreased alveolization and internal surface area measurements when compared with term and term + 2-mo air-breathing controls. A decrease in capillary vasculature was evident by PECAM staining, accompanied by dysmorphic changes. Significant elevations of TNF- α , IL-6, IL-8 levels, but not of IL-1 β and IL-10, in tracheal aspirate fluids were present at various times during the period of ventilatory support, supporting a role for mediator-induced autoinflammation. IL-8 levels were elevated in necropsy lavages of animals with significant lung infection. This model demonstrates that impaired alveolization and capillary development occur in immature lungs, even in the absence of marked hyperoxia and high ventilation settings.
Research finds life is a three second experience
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Competitors at the 2008 Beijing Olympics have shed light on what seems to be a universal condition—we experience the world in three second time frames.

A video analysis of hugs shared by competitors at the games has showed that these embraces lasted for an average of three seconds, irrespective of the gender and nationality of those involved.

The findings are said to reinforce the idea that intervals of about three seconds are life’s basic units of time …