tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
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Authors: James G. Hodge, Jr, Lawrence O. Gostin, Peter D. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Two compartmental models of EEG coherence and MRI biophysics
Authors: R. W. Thatcher, J. F. Gomez-Molina, C. Biver, D. North, R. Curtin, R. W. Walker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Studies have shown that as MRI T2 relaxation time lengthens there is a shift toward more unbound or “free-water” and less partitioning of the protein/lipid molecules per unit volume. A shift toward less water partitioning or lengthened MRI T2 relaxation time is linearly related to reduced high frequency EEG amplitude, reduced short distance EEG coherence, increased long distance EEG coherence, and reduced cognitive functioning (Thatcher et al. 1998a; 1998b).
Strontium89 Chloride versus Palliative Local Field Radiotherapy in Patients with Hormonal Escaped Prostate Cancer: A Phase III Study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Group
Authors: G.O.N. Oosterhof, J.T. Roberts, Th.M. de Reijke, S.A. Engelholm, S. Horenblas, H. von der Maase, N. Neymark, M. Debois, L. Collette
Journal: European Urology (2003)
Quakers, shakers and movers
Authors: J. Liebenau
Journal: BMJ (1991)

she and her ex-lover recognise spells death before too long. If all this sounds like the Archers it is far from it. Douglas is a serious writer who has enhanced his standing with this many layered if sprawling book. As should happen, it will make a good television series. But I hope that the producer will concentrate not on the all too boring couplings but on the rotten and decaying fabric of a once great enterprise, for which none of us can escape responsibility.
Points from Letters: Gold Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. W. Bauer
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BITISH(often in his prime) rather than take the risk of a breakdown in health in the sub- sequent five years.Compare the lot of the man who gets an award, say, at 50.Not only can he afford to ease off earlier, he can also spare the time to attend clinical meetings, administrative committees, and write papers, and in due course this bears the fruit of an even higher award.Although the system is supposedly
Calculating the risk of disease
Authors: Giulio Bognolo
Journal: BMJ (2004)

O nline tools for working out the risk of individual diseases are almost as old as the internet. The web is full of sites devoted to assessing people's risk of cardiovascular disease, for example. But now the Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention (part of Harvard School of Public Health) has produced a site designed to calculate the risk of five of the most important disease groups in the United …
Tetralogy of Fallot: an angiographic-pathologic correlative study.
Authors: B Soto, A D Pacifico, R Ceballos, L M Bargeron
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The anatomic abnormalities observed by cineangiographic axial techniques of 12 patients with tetralogy of Fallot were correlated with anatomic details noted at necropsy. Right ventricular angiograms made in the right anterior oblique view best demonstrated the severity and type of infundibular obstruction and also permitted differentiation of the perimembranous, infundibular muscular and subarterial types of ventricular septal defects. The degree of aortic overriding was best displayed in the long-axis view. Comparison of the intracardiac anatomy of each postmortem specimen with the respective premortem cineangiogram has provided further clarification of the angiographic anatomy displayed by these axial techniques.
Comparison Between <sup>201</sup> Tl and <sup>99m</sup> Tc Sestamibi Uptake During Adenosine-Induced Vasodilation as a Function of Coronary Stenosis Severity
Authors: David K. Glover, Mirta Ruiz, Nathaniel C. Edwards, Michael Cunningham, Juris P. Simanis, William H. Smith, Denny D. Watson, George A. Beller
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Myocardial uptake of either 201 Tl or 99m Tc-sestamibi (sestamibi) is known to plateau at high coronary flow rates. However, few direct comparisons have been made between these tracers to determine what effect differences in the uptake plateau for the two tracers may have on the detection of coronary stenoses of various severities. Methods and Results Twenty-two dogs were instrumented with flow transducers on the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (LCx) arteries. In 6 nonstenotic dogs, adenosine was infused directly into the LAD, whereas 16 dogs with either critical (n=7) or mild (n=9) LAD stenoses received an intravenous infusion. At peak flow, 201 Tl (0.5 mCi), sestamibi (5 to 8 mCi), and radiolabeled microspheres were injected simultaneously. Five minutes later, dogs were killed, and ex vivo imaging of heart slices and gamma-well counting of multiple myocardial samples was performed. Neither 201 Tl nor sestamibi uptake increased in direct proportion to flow. In the 6 nonstenotic dogs, a fivefold increase in LAD flow increased 201 Tl and sestamibi uptake by only 202±6% and 138±4%, respectively ( P &lt;.0001). In the dogs with critical stenosis, the ratios of stenotic to normal activity by well counting for 201 Tl (0.37±0.05) and sestamibi (0.53±0.06) underestimated the microsphere-determined flow disparity (0.17±0.03) ( P &lt;.005), but the degree of underestimation was greater for sestamibi ( P =.001). Similarly, in the dogs with mild stenosis, the stenotic-to-normal ratio for 201 Tl (0.62±0.04) approximated the flow ratio (0.43±0.04) better than sestamibi (0.79±0.03) ( P &lt;.0001). Sestamibi defects, however, were visually identifiable on the images of the myocardial slices. By image quantification, sestamibi defect magnitude (LAD-to-LCx count ratio) in the critical stenosis group (0.62±0.05) was significantly less than in the mild stenosis group (0.80±0.02) ( P &lt;.01). Conclusions Thus, with adenosine-induced hyperemic flow, both 201 Tl and sestamibi significantly underestimated the magnitude of the flow disparity between stenotic and normal perfusion beds. The degree of underestimation was greater for sestamibi. The clinical implication of these experimental findings for vasodilator perfusion imaging remains to be determined, since factors such as greater redistribution and scatter with 201 Tl could offset its advantages.
Effect of hepatitis C virus and its treatment on survival
Authors: Adeel A. Butt, Xiaoqiang Wang, Charity G. Moore
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its treatment on survival is not well defined. We undertook this study to determine the effect of HCV and its treatment on survival in a national cohort of HCV-infected veterans and uninfected controls. We used a national sample of HCV-infected persons and HCV-uninfected controls from the Electronically Retrieved Cohort of HCV Infected Veterans (ERCHIVES) to compare survival between the two groups. We also compared the effect of treatment and treatment duration on survival in the HCV-infected group. We used matched Cox proportional hazards model to determine the predictors of mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival plots were generated to determine and compare survival among HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected persons, and among treated and untreated HCV-infected persons.We identified 34,480 matched pairs of HCV-infected subjects and controls. HCV infection was independently associated with a higher risk of mortality (hazards ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-1.47). Subjects treated for 48 weeks or longer had the lowest mortality among HCV-infected subjects (hazards ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.64), whereas those who received less than 48 week of treatment had intermediate mortality (hazards ratio, 0.71 and 0.60 for 0-23 weeks and 24-47 weeks of treatment, respectively) compared with untreated subjects.HCV infection is associated with a substantial increase in mortality. Subjects who are initiated on treatment, and particularly those who proceed to finish a full course of treatment, have significantly reduced risk of mortality. Further studies are warranted to determine the effect of virological control on survival.
Self-Induced Stramonium Intoxication
Authors: Edward S. Dean
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IN RECENT YEARS there has been an increasing interest in hallucinogenic drugs, especially among young Bohemian intellectuals. Interest has perhaps been encouraged by such eminent authors as Aldous Huxley and Alan Watts who have praised the effects of mescaline, LSD-25, and psilocybine in their books,<i>The Doors of Perception</i>and<i>The Joyous Cosmology</i>. The extent of this interest is indicated in Rigney's<sup>1</sup>study of San Francisco Bohemians. Of 51 subjects, he found that 40 had tried marijuana and 25, peyote. The search for a readily available, legal, hallucinogenic drug has led some individuals to the discovery that hallucinatory effect can be produced by an old-fashioned asthma remedy containing 50.4% stramonium and 4.5% belladonna preparation (Asthmador). This was the case with three young men who were admitted to the San Francisco General Hospital because of deliberately self-induced intoxication with Asthmador. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 17-year-old boy was found
PROGRESS IN ANTITYPHOID VACCINATION DURING 1912
Authors: FREDERICK F. RUSSELL
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Not until the close of the past year, 1912, has it been possible to know how much protection can be obtained from the use of antityphoid vaccine when administered to a large number of men of susceptible age. In the latter part of 1911 the use of antityphoid vaccine was made compulsory for all men in the service under 45 years of age, and as a result we now have records for the year 1912 covering approximately 85,000 vaccinated men. Of these 58,000 were stationed in the United States proper and the remainder in the colonies.    Table 1 shows the typhoid experience of troops in the United States for the past eleven years; the average strength of the home army, the number of cases and deaths are given, and also the morbidity and mortality per thousand of mean strength.  To elucidate this and the following tables the following data are
The Comparison of Cytokine Levels in Exhaled Breath Condensate between Patients with Allergic Asthma and Non-Allergic Asthma and the Correlation With % FEV1 and Asthma Control Test Scores
Authors: S. Boonpiyathad, J. Klaewsongkram, P. Pornsuriyasak
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Esophageal Obstruction in Critically Ill Patients: A Potential Severe Complication of Enteral Nutrition
Authors: E. Díaz de la Lastra, M. Trapero, J. Cantero, F. Monasterio
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Enteral nutrition is the best feeding method in critically ill patients since it provides a complete nutrition with a low incidence of complications. However, some severe complications have been described [1]. We have seen three critically ill patients who, after several days of enteral nutrition (Standard Isosource; Novartis Consumer Health SA, Osthofen, Germany) and with no previous warning signs, presented esophageal obstruction because of solidification of the feed. Esophagoscopy revealed the presence of a hard yellowish-white mass, similar to the food administered, adhering to the walls of the esophagus and obstructing its inferior third (Figure [1]). After multiple washings with saline and water and extraction of the solidified fragments of enteral feed with biopsy forceps, the esophagus was successfully unblocked (Figure [2]). The main pathogenic factor involved in solidification of the feed is coagulation and precipitation of the casein present in the feed in an acid medium [1] [2]. In addition, in critically ill patients, important risk factors for solidification of the feed include: gastroesophageal reflux; altered gastroesophageal motility, due to mechanical ventilation; drugs used in critical care that depress the central nervous system; some neurological diseases; and the simultaneous administration of sucralfate [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. This complication of enteral nutrition may be severe, since a laborious endoscopic technique is required to extract the fragments of feeding formula and, not infrequently, several endoscopic sessions are required to unblock and clean the esophagus [1] [3] [5]. These repeated maneuvers may produce severe esophageal complications [1]. In one of our patients, submucosal hematoma was caused by the repeated use of biopsy forceps (Figure [2]). In cases where endoscopic extraction is difficult, pepsin or pancreatic enzymes may be used in an attempt to dissolve the solid fragments of feeding formula [5].
Imaging Dispersion of Myocardial Repolarization, II
Authors: Raja N. Ghanem, John E. Burnes, Albert L. Waldo, Yoram Rudy
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Dispersion of myocardial repolarization supports the development and maintenance of life-threatening arrhythmias. Current noninvasive approaches for detecting substrates with increased dispersion based on ECG measures (eg, QT dispersion) have shown limited success and inconsistencies. The companion article shows that, in contrast, epicardial potentials and derived measures reflect local dispersion of repolarization. Here, using a recently developed ECG imaging method, we evaluate the feasibility of noninvasive reconstruction of such epicardial measures from body-surface ECG data. Methods and Results Epicardial potentials were recorded with a 224-electrode sock from an open-chest dog during control, regional warming, cooling, and simultaneous adjacent warming and cooling to induce localized changes in myocardial repolarization and regions of increased dispersion. Body-surface potentials were generated from these epicardial potentials in a human torso model. Realistic geometric errors and measurement noise were added to the torso data, which were then used to noninvasively reconstruct epicardial measures of repolarization dispersion (activation recovery intervals [ARIs] and QRST integrals). Repolarization properties were accurately depicted by ECG imaging, including (1) shortened ARIs and increased QRST integrals over the warmed region, (2) prolonged ARIs and decreased QRST integrals over the cooled region, and (3) high gradients of ARIs and QRST integrals over the adjacent warmed and cooled regions. Conclusions ECG imaging can reconstruct repolarization properties accurately and localize areas of increased dispersion of repolarization in the heart noninvasively. Its clinical significance lies in the possibility of noninvasive risk stratification and in guidance and evaluation of therapy.
Hemoglobin Athens‐Georgia [α<sub>2</sub> β<sub>2</sub> 40(C6)Arg→Lys] in association with β<sup>0</sup>‐thalassemia in Tunisia
Authors: A. Mrad, J. Kister, C. Feo, C. Poyart, R. Kastally, R. Blibech, F. Galacteros, H. Wajcman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

We describe an Hb Athens-Georgia (Hb A-Ga)/beta 0-thalassemia compound heterozygosity, found in a Tunisian patient. Oxygen binding studies of red cell suspensions of this patient, containing approximately 95% Hb A-Ga, revealed an almost normal oxygen affinity. Nevertheless, dilute solutions of Hb A-Ga showed an increased overall oxygen affinity and decreased heme-heme interaction. This could be explained by a tetrameric hemoglobin with normal oxygen binding properties but with increased dissociation into monomers or dimers, as a consequence of a structural abnormality within the alpha 1 beta 2 interface. Such an interpretation would explain the increased oxygen affinity reported in previous studies performed on heterozygous Hb A/Hb A-Ga patients.
Coffee and Cancer of the Pancreas
Authors: Brian MacMahon, Stella Yen, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Kenneth Warren, George Nardi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

We questioned 369 patients with histologically proved cancer of the pancreas and 644 control patients about their use of tobacco, alcohol, tea, and coffee. There was a weak positive association between pancreatic cancer and cigarette smoking, but we found no association with use of cigars, pipe tobacco, alcoholic beverages, or tea. A strong association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer was evident in both sexes. The association was not affected by controlling for cigarette use. For the sexes combined, there was a significant dose-response relation (P ∼ 0.001); after adjustment for cigarette smoking, the relative risk associated with drinking up to two cups of coffee per day was 1.8 (95 per cent confidence limits, 1.0 to 3.0), and that with three or more cups per day was 2.7 (1.6 to 4.7). This association should be evaluated with other data; if it reflects a causal relation between coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer, coffee use might account for a substantial proportion of the cases of this disease in the United States. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:630–3.)
Vascular Problems in Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Limbs
Authors: D. E. Strandness
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In reviewing this text, I had hoped to find material that in some unique way fit the title. In this respect, the book was disappointing, since the content was in most ways similar to that found in standard works on peripheral vascular disease. The orthopedic and general surgeon will find little that is not already available in the literature. In section 1, the relevant anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the blood supply to skin, voluntary muscle, bone, and joints are covered. While that is of interest, it was nearly impossible to relate this information in a meaningful way to the clinical disorders that are presented in considerable detail. This is an oversight, since there is an abundance of relevant material available on the pathophysiology of many subjects such as arteriosclerosis, deep venous thrombosis, and the compartment syndromes, which are covered in some depth. In section 2, most of the available
Rhazes and Avicenna
Authors: Mohammed A. Nurhussein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 October 1989Rhazes and AvicennaMohammed A. Nurhussein, MDMohammed A. Nurhussein, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-8-691_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: Updating the ACP Ethics Manual (1) is a timely undertaking. Part 1 of the manual was highly informative and will be of immense help to us in dealing with the ethical complexity of today's practice of medicine. I am looking forward to Part 2.In the interest of historical accuracy, however, I would like to offer a minor correction of an error. In the overview of the historical evolution of medical ethics, you credit Rhazes with having "compiled his canon." It was Avicenna (Abu Ali Al-Hussain Ibn Abdullah Ibn Sina) and not Rhazes who penned the "Canon...Reference1. . American College of Physicians ethics manual. Part 1: history; the patient; other physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:245-52. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mohammed A. Nurhussein, MDAffiliations: State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA BRIEF HISTORY OF DRUGS: FROM PLANT EXTRACTS TO DNA TECHNOLOGY 15 October 1989Volume 111, Issue 8Page: 691-692KeywordsMedical ethics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 October 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
A3.11 Induction of remission by low-dose IL-2-therapy in one SLE patient with increased disease activity refractory to standard therapies: A case report
Authors: J Y Humrich, C von Spee, A Rose, E Siegert, T Alexander, F Hiepe, G R Burmester, G Riemekasten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3></h3> IL-2 deficiency and associated regulatory T cell (Treg) defects contribute essentially to SLE pathogenesis. In our previous translational work we proved the efficacy and safety of a low-dose IL-2 therapy in animal models and identified a reversible IL-2 deprivation of Treg also in human SLE patients, together providing the rationales for an IL-2-based immunotherapy of SLE in order to restore Treg activity and thus to re-establish endogenous mechanisms of tolerance that can counteract autoimmunity. Here we report for the first time that a repetitive and cyclic, subcutaneously applied, low-dose IL-2-therapy induced a rapid, strong and sustained reduction of disease activity in parallel to a remarkable and selective expansion of the Treg population in a SLE patient with increased disease activity (SLEDAI 14) refractory to a large variety of approved and experimental therapies. Already after the first therapeutic cycle, signs of arthritis and later also myositis and active skin eruptions disappeared. In addition, levels anti-dsDNA antibodies dramatically declined (ELISA) or even turned negative (Crithidia IFT). During the whole therapeutic regimen, the daily dose of glucocorticosteroids could be reduced from 30 mg/d to 10 mg/d, organ manifestations remained absent and disease activity remained low with a SLEDAI of 4 points. The therapy was very well tolerated and adverse events were minimal suggesting that this therapy is also very safe in SLE patients. In summary, these data provide the first evidence that a subcutaneous low-dose IL-2-therapy is capable to enhance Treg activity and to reduce disease activity in SLE patients, strongly supporting the rationales of this novel and pathophysiologically-driven therapeutic approach.
It's Not So Simple: A More Complex Behavioral and Psychological Perspective on Genetic Enhancement (and Diminishment)
Authors: Frances Degen Horowitz
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Ruiping Fan (2010), employing a Confucian values framework, appropriately critiques Michael Sandel's (2007) absolutist rejection of genetic enhancement. As described by Fan, Sandel believes genetic...
92 THE MOLECULAR BASIS FOR THE HEPATIC REGULATION OF HEPCIDIN, THE IRON HORMONE, BY BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS
Authors: E. Corradini, D. Meynard, G. Montosi, C. Garuti, Q. Wu, P. Ventura, J.L. Babitt, H.Y. Lin, A. Pietrangelo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Renal Excretion Simulating Bone Disease on Bone Scans???a Technique for Solving this Problem
Authors: B R J WILLIAMSON, C D TEATES, S T BRAY, R F LEES, B Y CROFT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

WILLIAMSON, B R J M.D.1; TEATES, C D M.D.1; BRAY, S T M.D.1; LEES, R F M.B., B.S., M.R.A.C.R.*; CROFT, B Y Ph.D1 Author Information