tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Law and the Mental Health Professions: Friction at the Interface
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1978)

When much acute psychiatric care was transferred from mental hospitals to general hospitals in the late 1950s and 1960s—largely due to electroconvulsive treatments and to chemotherapy—and when true community mental health centers developed by the mid-1960s to provide ambulatory care and crisis intervention, psychiatric treatment became more successful than ever before. At this juncture lawyers and judges began to regulate meaningfully the public practice of psychiatry. Beginning with the articulation of legal rights of patients, a series of cases spelled out gradually narrowing limits, within which patients could be involuntarily hospitalized. Procedural safeguards analogous to those in civil administration hearings and close to the standards for criminal trials were articulated. Phrases like "least restrictive environment" set the stage for progressive deinstitutionalization of patients. It was almost as though courts were playing the role of a modern-day Pinel and releasing the mentally ill from their chains. All this did not come
Neutrophil-derived MMP-9 mediates synergistic mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by the combination of G-CSF and the chemokines GROβ/CXCL2 and GROβT /CXCL2Δ4
Authors: Louis M. Pelus, Huimin Bian, Andrew G. King, Seiji Fukuda
Journal: Blood (2003)
Drug Information for Physicians
Authors: JAMES NICKAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1985Drug Information for PhysiciansJAMES NICKAS, Pharm.D.JAMES NICKAS, Pharm.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-956_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the October issue, Covell and colleagues (1) discuss the need for improved and efficient systems of obtaining medical information for physicians in office practice. Their survey indicates that only 30% of physicians' information needs were met during patient visits, usually by another physician or other health professional. Despite the abundance of written literature, most physicians avoided print sources because textbooks in the office were outdated, journal articles were poorly organized, indexing of books and drug information services were inadequate, an appropriate source was unknown, or the process of searching for information was too time consuming.One...References1. COVELLUMANMANNING DGP. Information needs in office practice: are they being met? Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:596-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROSENBERGKIRSCHENBAUMLABELLA JHN. Directory of pharmacist-operated drug information centers in the United States. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1982;39:94-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. ROSENBERG J. Update and correction on drug-information center directory. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1982;39:1157. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Brotman Medical Center Culver City, CA 90230 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1985Volume 103, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 956-957KeywordsDrug informationHealth information technologyHealth surveysInformation technology Issue Published: 1 December 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Postoperative peg-interferon plus ribavirin is associated with reduced recurrence of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yao-Chun Hsu, Hsiu J. Ho, Ming-Shiang Wu, Jaw-Town Lin, Chun-Ying Wu
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently recurs after surgical resection. This population-based research aimed to investigate the association between postoperative antiviral treatment and risk of recurrent HCC in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. By analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we initially screened a total of 100,938 patients diagnosed with HCC for the first time between October 2003 and December 2010. Among 2,237 antiviral-naïve HCV-infected patients with curatively resected HCC, there were 213 patients receiving antiviral treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for 16 weeks or more after surgery (treated cohort). These treated patients were matched 1:4 with 852 controls who were never treated for HCV infection (untreated cohort) by age, gender, cirrhosis, and the elapsed time between surgery and antiviral therapy. Cumulative incidences of and hazard ratios for recurrent HCC were calculated after adjusting for competing mortality. The recurrence rate of HCC was significantly lower in the treated than untreated cohort, with 52.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42.0-62.2%) and 63.9% (95% CI, 58.9-68.8%) after 5 years of follow-up, respectively ( P = 0.001). The number needed to treat for one fewer recurrent HCC at 5 years was 8. The association between postoperative antiviral treatment and risk of recurrent HCC was independent of adjustment for multiple covariates, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.50-0.83). Stratified analyses revealed that the attenuation in recurrence risk was greater in patients younger than 60 years and those without cirrhosis or diabetes. Conclusion: Postoperative pegylated interferon plus ribavirin is associated with reduced recurrence of HCC in patients with HCV infection. Age, liver cirrhosis, and diabetes mellitus appear to modify this association. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Population Trends in the Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert W. Yeh, Stephen Sidney, Malini Chandra, Michael Sorel, Joseph V. Selby, Alan S. Go
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Few studies have characterized recent population trends in the incidence and outcomes of myocardial infarction.We identified patients 30 years of age or older in a large, diverse, community-based population who were hospitalized for incident myocardial infarction between 1999 and 2008. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for myocardial infarction overall and separately for ST-segment elevation and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Patient characteristics, outpatient medications, and cardiac biomarker levels during hospitalization were identified from health plan databases, and 30-day mortality was ascertained from administrative databases, state death data, and Social Security Administration files.We identified 46,086 hospitalizations for myocardial infarctions during 18,691,131 person-years of follow-up from 1999 to 2008. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of myocardial infarction increased from 274 cases per 100,000 person-years in 1999 to 287 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2000, and it decreased each year thereafter, to 208 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2008, representing a 24% relative decrease over the study period. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction decreased throughout the study period (from 133 cases per 100,000 person-years in 1999 to 50 cases per 100,000 person-years in 2008, P<0.001 for linear trend). Thirty-day mortality was significantly lower in 2008 than in 1999 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.89).Within a large community-based population, the incidence of myocardial infarction decreased significantly after 2000, and the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction decreased markedly after 1999. Reductions in short-term case fatality rates for myocardial infarction appear to be driven, in part, by a decrease in the incidence of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and a lower rate of death after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
Randomised comparison of amoxycillin and erythromycin in treatment of genital chlamydial infection in pregnancy
Authors: M Alary, J.R Joly, M Mondor, J-M Moutquin, M Boucher, A Fortier, J-J Pinault, G Paris, S Carrier, H Chamberland, H Bernatchez, J-F Paradis
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Mycobacterium ulcerans infection
Authors: M.S.R. Hutt
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Mycobacterium ulcerans infection Get access M.S.R. Hutt M.S.R. Hutt St Thomas' Hospital Medical School, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue s10, 1 July 1974, Page 34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12499.x Published: 01 July 1974
Fulminant Hepatic Failure due to Genital Herpes in a Healthy Woman: Was the Case a First?
Authors: C. Merrill Whorton
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Rubin et al<sup>1</sup>that appeared in the March 1 issue ofThe Journal. The authors purport to describe the first fatal case of herpes simplex type 2 in a healthy adult without immunosuppression or encephalitis. In January 1983,<i>the Southern Medical Journal</i>published a similar case study prepared by me and my colleagues.<sup>2</sup>
Hepatitis B virus DNA is subject to extensive editing by the human deaminase APOBEC3C
Authors: Thomas F. Baumert, Christine Rösler, Michael H. Malim, Fritz von Weizsäcker
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3C (A3C), 2 members of the APOBEC family, are cellular cytidine deaminases displaying broad antiretroviral activity. A3G inhibits hepatitis B virus (HBV) production by interfering with HBV replication without hypermutating the majority of HBV genomes. In contrast, A3C has little effect on HBV DNA synthesis. The aim of this study was to further dissect the mechanisms by which A3G and A3C interfere with the HBV life cycle. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that both A3G and A3C bind to the HBV core protein. A ribonuclease (RNase) treatment resulted in the nearly complete dissociation of the HBV core protein from A3G, whereas the HBV core-A3C complex was more stable. Interestingly, the majority of the newly synthesized HBV DNA genomes displayed extensive G-to-A mutations in the presence of A3C, whereas no A3C-induced HBV RNA mutations were detected. These findings support a model in which the RNA-dependent entrapment of A3G into the preassembly complex hampers subsequent steps in capsid formation. On the other hand, A3C is readily packaged into replication-competent capsids and efficiently deaminates newly synthesized HBV DNA. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that HBV is highly vulnerable to the editing activity of an endogenous human deaminase and suggest that A3C could contribute to innate anti-HBV host responses. (Hepatology 2007.)
Abstract P5-13-04: Use of Bisphosphonates in the Adjuvant Setting for Breast Cancer — A More Than 10 Years Single Centre Experience
Authors: A Jakob, U Groh, D Schwoerer, A Schattenberg, JW. Siebers
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Adjuvant therapies for early breast cancer are associated with substantial decrease in bone mineral density. Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive agents that have an established role in preventing skeletal morbitity in patients with bone metastases and in the treatment of osteoporosis. It has also been shown that these agents are active in preventing cancer treatment induced bone loss in women with early stage breast cancer. Recently, several trials have demonstrated that bisphosphonates may exert anticancer effects in the adjuvant setting. Patients and methods: Since 1997 we treated an increasing number of unselected patients with early breast cancer with bisphosphonates (up to 2009: 1144 out of 1876 patients). There was no significant difference in the two patient groups concerning tumour size, nodal status, hormone receptor (HR) expression, HER-2 expression and adjuvant treatment modalities. In most cases we used zoledronic acid, but also clodronate ibandronate or alendronate. Results: Disease-free survival (DFS) was significant better in patients treated with bisphosphonates (p = 0.009). This was also true in the subgroup of patients with hormone receptor positive disease (p=0.0011) and even more striking in patients with N+ disease (p=0.00003). There was no significant difference in DFS in patients with hormone receptor negative disease. In our analyses especially patients with N+ and ER/PR+ disease showed a significant advantage from treatment with bisphosphonates. Conclusion: This large single centre experience demonstrates a significant improvement of disease-free survival in patients with breast cancer treated with bisphosphonates in the adjuvant setting. The benefit was more pronounced in the subgroup of nodal positive and hormone receptor positive disease. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-13-04.
Old and new ways to calculate the affinity of agonists and antagonists interacting with G-protein-coupled monomeric and dimeric receptors: The receptor–dimer cooperativity index
Authors: Vincent Casadó, Antoni Cortés, Francisco Ciruela, Josefa Mallol, Sergi Ferré, Carmen Lluis, Enric I. Canela, Rafael Franco
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2007)
Increased preferential absorption in human atherosclerotic plaque with oral beta carotene. Implications for laser endarterectomy.
Authors: M R Prince, G M LaMuraglia, E F MacNichol
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were pretreated with low-dose, oral beta carotene to determine whether the carotenoid content of plaque could be increased in vivo. Beta carotene-treated patients had a 50-fold increase in their plaque beta carotene level from 0.066 to 3.3 micrograms beta carotene/g plaque. Microscopy and microspectrophotometry demonstrated that plaque from beta carotene-treated patients had higher carotenoid levels and higher absorption (450-500 nm) compared with control specimens, but normal media was unaffected. This demonstration of increased preferential absorption by plaque suggests that selective ablation of atherosclerotic plaque may be enhanced by pretreating patients with oral beta carotene.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Chien-Ming Hu, Yen-Hui Chen, Ming-Tsai Chiang, Lee-Young Chau
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-response enzyme implicated in cardioprotection. To explore whether HO-1 has a role in cardiac remodeling response, the effect of its overexpression on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy was examined.HO-1 was induced in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes by treatment with cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPPIX) or a recombinant adenovirus carrying the human HO-1 gene. Ang II-induced myocyte hypertrophy assessed by increments in cell size, [3H]leucine uptake, and protein content was suppressed by HO-1 overexpression. Cotreatment of cells with tin protoporphyrin IX, a HO inhibitor, significantly reversed the suppressive effect of HO-1. Bilirubin, one of the byproducts of heme degradation by HO-1, mediated the suppressive effect through the inhibition of Ang II-induced production of reactive oxygen species, as detected by a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein probe. The antihypertrophic effect of HO-1 was also demonstrated in rats receiving chronic Ang II infusions. Cotreatment of animals with CoPPIX significantly attenuated Ang II-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and hyperdynamic contractions, whereas concomitant treatment with tin protoporphyrin IX abolished CoPPIX-mediated cardioprotection in vivo.HO-1 attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo, and bilirubin mediates, at least in part, the antihypertrophic effect of HO-1 via inhibition of reactive oxygen species production after Ang II stimulation.
Symposium on Reconstructive Hand Surgery
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The authors of this superbly produced work rank among the best hand surgeons in the country. These proceedings resulted from a symposium cosponsored by the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons and the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. The variety of topics, grouped under major headings, represents a short course in hand surgery and, indeed, an outstanding one. The quality of writing, well above average, remains amazingly consistent from one chapter to another. Superior illustrations and photographs and current bibliographies add much to the quality of the text. Dr. Littler's characteristically lucid drawings embellish the initial chapter on hand structure and function. A section on electrical testing includes a concise survey of neuromuscular physiology, electromyography, and nerve conduction. Monographs on injuries encompass principles of skin coverage and repair of bone, tendon, and nerve, with surgical techniques as well as suggestions for preoperative and postoperative management. Discussions on
Oxidative stress activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Src and Ras in cultured cardiac myocytes of neonatal rats.
Authors: R Aikawa, I Komuro, T Yamazaki, Y Zou, S Kudoh, M Tanaka, I Shiojima, Y Hiroi, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

A growing body of evidence has suggested that oxidative stress causes cardiac injuries during ischemia/reperfusion. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in many aspects of cell functions and to be activated by oxidative stress in some types of cells. In this study, we examined oxidative stress-evoked signal transduction pathways leading to activation of ERKs in cultured cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats, and determined their role in oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injuries. ERKs were transiently and concentration-dependently activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cardiac myocytes. A specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, suppressed H2O2-induced ERK activation, while inhibitors of protein kinase A and C or Ca2+ chelators had no effects on the activation. When CSK, a negative regulator of Src family tyrosine kinases, or dominant-negative mutant of Ras or of Raf-1 kinase was overexpressed, activation of transfected ERK2 by H2O2 was abolished. The treatment with H2O2 increased the number of cells stained positive by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and induced formation of DNA ladder and activation of CPP32, suggesting that H2O2 induced apoptosis of cardiac myocytes. When H2O2-induced activation of ERKs was selectively inhibited by PD98059, the number of cardiac myocytes which showed apoptotic death was increased. These results suggest that Src family tyrosine kinases, Ras and Raf-1 are critical for ERK activation by hydroxyl radicals and that activation of ERKs may play an important role in protecting cardiac myocytes from apoptotic death following oxidative stress.
Lack of induction of suppressor T cells by intestinal epithelial cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: L Mayer, D Eisenhardt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The mechanisms underlying the chronic unrelenting inflammatory response seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are poorly understood. We have recently proposed a novel role for the normal intestinal enterocyte, that of antigen presenting cell. However, in contrast to conventional antigen presenting cells, normal enterocytes appear to selectively activate CD8+ antigen nonspecific suppressor T cells. To determine whether failure of this process may be occurring in inflammatory bowel disease, freshly isolated enterocytes from small and large bowel from normal patients, patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory (diverticulitis, ischemic colitis, and gold induced colitis) controls were co-cultured with allogeneic T cells in a modified mixed lymphocyte reaction. In contrast to normal enterocytes, 42/42 Crohn's and 35/38 ulcerative colitis-derived epithelial cells stimulated CD4+ T cells, whereas 65/66 and 9/9 normal and inflammatory control enterocytes, respectively, stimulated CD8+ T cells (as previously described), suggesting that the results seen were not just a reflection of underlying inflammation. Furthermore, IBD enterocytes from both histologically involved and uninvolved tissue were similar in their ability to selectively activate CD4+ T cells, speaking for a more global defect in epithelial cells in IBD. Finally, activated T cells from IBD epithelial cell-stimulated mixed lymphocyte cultures displayed potent T helper activity in an antigen nonspecific fashion. Taken together, these data suggest that there may be an intrinsic defect in epithelial cells from patients with IBD, resulting in the inability to normally stimulate suppressor T cells in an antigen overloaded environment.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin as a Diagnostic Test for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mayer B. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Workforce Planning: Estimating Emergency Physicians and Uncovering Primary Care
Authors: Stephen Radecki
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —In his article, 1 Dr Kindig cites master file data from the American Medical Association (AMA) and the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) to count generalist physicians and list ratios of these per 100 000 population.  In the category of emergency medical services, these data appear to be seriously flawed. Kindig lists the total number of emergency physicians as 14 334, for a ratio of 5.6 per 100 000 population. However, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) has estimated the number of practicing emergency physicians to be in the area of 27 000, or nearly double the number cited by Kindig (census data from climate surveys, ACEP). Membership data from the California chapter of the ACEP demonstrates that there are well over 3000 practicing physicians in California alone, which would yield a ratio close to 10 per 100 000.  This apparent discrepancy in the case of emergency