tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attributable mortality of ventilator-associated pneumonia: respective impact of main characteristics at ICU admission and VAP onset using conditional logistic regression and multi-state models
Authors: Molière Nguile-Makao, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Adrien Français, Alexis Tabah, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Bernard Allaouchiche, Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Elie Azoulay, Christophe Adrie, Samir Jamali, Christophe Clec’h, Bertrand Souweine, Jean-Francois Timsit
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
IMPACT OF CT-GUIDED VALVE SIZING ON POST-PROCEDURAL AORTIC REGURGITATION IN TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION
Authors: Kentaro Hayashida, Erik Bouvier, Thierry Lefevre, Thomas Hovasse, Marie-Claude Morice, Bernard Chevalier, Mauro Romano, Philippe Garot, Darren Mylotte, Arnaud Farge, Patrik Donzeau-Gouge, Bertrand Cormier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Antiarrhythmic drug carvedilol inhibits HERG potassium channels
Authors: Christoph A Karle, Volker A.W Kreye, Dierk Thomas, Katja Röckl, Sven Kathöfer, Wei Zhang, Johann Kiehn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

The aryloxypropanolamine carvedilol is a multiple action cardiovascular drug with blocking effects on alpha-receptors, beta-receptors, Ca(2+)-channels, Na(+)-channels and various native cardiac K(+) channels, thereby prolonging the cardiac action potential. In a number of clinical trials with patients suffering from congestive heart failure, carvedilol appeared to be superior to other beta-blocking agents in reducing total mortality. Given the multiple pharmacological actions of carvedilol, this may be due to specific channel blockade rather than beta-antagonistic activity. Since human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) K(+)channels play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, the effects of carvedilol on HERG K(+)channels were investigated.Double-electrode voltage-clamp experiments were performed on HERG potassium channels which were expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes.Carvedilol at a concentration of 10 microM blocked HERG potassium tail currents by 47%. The electrophysiological characteristics of HERG, i.e. activation, steady-state inactivation and recovery from inactivation were not affected by carvedilol. Inhibition of current gradually increased from 0% immediately after the test pulse to about 80% at 600 ms with subsequent marginal changes of current kinetics during the resting 29 s, indicating a very fast open channel block by carvedilol as the major blocking mechanism.This is the first study demonstrating that carvedilol blocks HERG potassium channels. The biophysical data presented in this study with a potentially antiarrhythmic effect may contribute to the positive outcome of clinical trials with carvedilol.
Youth mental health services will get overhaul and 1.25bn over five years
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Mental health services for children and young people in England need a “complete overhaul,” says a review that found the current system complex and fragmented with too many young people falling through the net.

The Children and Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Taskforce was appointed by the government last year to review services in England after a broad consensus that services were not fit for purpose. The taskforce described a complicated structure of services, where multiple bodies planned and contracted services and a lack of clarity existed over who was responsible for which services.1

The result was that children and young people were shunted between services and often fell between gaps in service provision with no accountability for outcomes. The report also noted many reports of insufficient inpatient beds, leading to children being sent to …
Hes1 immortalizes committed progenitors and plays a role in blast crisis transition in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Fumio Nakahara, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Yukiko Komeno, Naoko Kato, Tomoyuki Uchida, Kyoko Haraguchi, Keiki Kumano, Yuka Harada, Hironori Harada, Jiro Kitaura, Seishi Ogawa, Mineo Kurokawa, Toshio Kitamura, Shigeru Chiba
Journal: Blood (2009)
Lead Content of Foodstuffs
Authors: Douglas G. Mitchell, Kenneth M. Aldous
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The lead content of a number of foodstuffs, particularly baby fruit juices and milk, is reported. Samples were analyzed in quadruplicate by using an automated Delves cup atomic absorption procedure. A large proportion of the products examined contained significant amounts of lead. Of 256 metal can examined, the contents of 62% contained a lead level of 100 mug/l. or more, 37% contained 200 mug/l. or more and 12% contained 400 mug/l. lead or more. Of products in glass and aluminum containers, only 1% had lead levels in excess of 200 mug/l. Lead levels of contents also correlate with the seam length/volume ratio of the leaded seam can. A survey of bulk milk showed a mean lead level of 40 mug/l. for 270 samples; for canned evaporated milk the mean level was 202 mug/l. These data indicate a potential health hazard.
THE PROPER MANAGEMENT OF THE TUBERCULOUS LUNG.
Authors: NORMAN BRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

How to manage a lung infected with tuberculosis so as to give it the best possible chance of recovery is a great desideratum, and only second in importance to the general management of the system as a whole. A better understanding of the normal process of recovery of tuberculosis and of diseased lung tissue in general, makes it necessary for us to revise our notions of the proper hygiene and management of the tuberculous lung. It is necessary that we should recast our theories of cure and change our procedures with the lungs themselves. We must learn new ways, or rather the ways of Nature, as shown by wide observation of disease in other parts of the body and by experience with sick lungs themselves; and we need to reject and relegate to the rubbish pile a lot of doctrines that have been held and followed with the faithfulness of
What junior doctors need
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Jeremy Vine was inflaming the middle aged masses on BBC Radio 2 the other day, this time over the reduction in junior doctors’ hours to 48. The profession was getting fried on the airwaves yet again. Looking back through the rosy retrospectoscope, older people wonder what is becoming of society and despair of the current generation. But this new generation is our children, and young doctors are merely younger versions of ourselves caught in a medical system not of their making.

So what of the past? We worked …
ST-Segment Elevations Secondary to Electrical Cardioversion
Authors: Qaiser Shafiq, Riyaz Bashir
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A 56-year-old woman with primary pulmonary hyperten- sion presented with increasing shortness of breath and palpitations.ECG showed right bundle-branch block and slow atrial flutter with 2:1 AV block (Figure 1).In view of the patient's hypotension and worsening renal function, she was cardioverted into normal sinus rhythm with a 360-J direct current shock.Immediately after the cardioversion, the ECG showed marked ST-segment elevations in the anterolateral leads (Figure 2).At this time, the patient was asymptomatic, and hence, a repeat ECG was performed, which showed
The EUTOS population-based registry: incidence and clinical characteristics of 2904 CML patients in 20 European Countries
Authors: V S Hoffmann, M Baccarani, J Hasford, D Lindoerfer, S Burgstaller, D Sertic, P Costeas, J Mayer, K Indrak, H Everaus, P Koskenvesa, J Guilhot, G Schubert-Fritschle, F Castagnetti, F Di Raimondo, S Lejniece, L Griskevicius, N Thielen, T Sacha, A Hellmann, A G Turkina, A Zaritskey, A Bogdanovic, Z Sninska, I Zupan, J-L Steegmann, B Simonsson, R E Clark, A Covelli, G Guidi, R Hehlmann
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Elevated plasmatic level of soluble IL-7 receptor is associated with increased mortality in septic shock patients
Authors: Julie Demaret, Astrid Villars-Méchin, Alain Lepape, Jonathan Plassais, Hélène Vallin, Christophe Malcus, Françoise Poitevin-Later, Guillaume Monneret, Fabienne Venet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Health Care Reform — Where Are We and Where Should We Be Going?
Authors: E Ginzberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

After the upset senatorial victory of Harris Wofford in Pennsylvania in the spring of 1991, many political and health policy analysts prophesied that the presidential election of 1992 would revolve around reform of the health care system. My intention here is to explore where the nation stands on health care reform and to assess when the issue may move beyond rhetoric and preliminary skirmishing to substantive political engagement.A good place to begin is to identify the principal parties whose action or inaction will determine when health care reform will rise to the top of the nation's agenda. Much of . . .
Mechanisms of Age-Related Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Rodwin A Jackson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The influence of aging on the kinetic response to glucose ingestion and the mechanisms underlying age-related glucose intolerance are described. Despite delayed absorption of the ingested glucose load, impaired glucose tolerance develops with age. This impairment is multifactorial, being characterized by delays in glucose-induced insulin secretion, insulininduced suppression of hepatic glucose output, and a rise in insulin-mediated glucose uptake. The major disturbance appears to be impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake, with skeletal muscle the principal site of this defect. Because insulin receptors are unchanged with age, the impairment in insulin action is primarily due to a postreceptor defect. Possible mechanisms associated with the age-related impairment in glucose uptake by muscle include 1) decreased muscle mass, 2) increasing obesity, 3) decreased physical activity, 4) poor diet, and 5) increased plasma free-fatty acid levels. However, evidence from recent research suggests that none of these factors plays a significant role in this regard. The principal postreceptor defect in insulin action may comprise a decreased maximum velocity of glucose transport due to a decreased number of glucose transporters, although each transporter functions normally. Conceivably, the transport defect may be due to a depletion of the intracellular pool of transporters, which may ultimately reflect insulin resistance at the level of glucose-transporter mRNA and/or defective insulin internalization and intracellular metabolism. However, an age-related impairment in intracellular glucose metabolism may be present in addition to any changes in the glucose-transport system. The phenomenon of age-related glucose intolerance is the result of defects specific for the aging process and distinct and separate from those characterizing obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes; their distinguishing features are discussed.
A ROTATING TORSION HEMOSTATIC CLAMP.
Authors: JOHN JOSEPH NUTT
Journal: JAMA (1902)

A number of torsion forceps have been devised, but of all those seen by the writer, none has fully met the requirements of simplicity in construction and facility in use. Some are so complicated that considerable practice is needed before they can be skilfully manipulated and they have so many parts that great care is needed to keep them in perfect working order. Others, though very cleverly made and showing some ingenuity upon the part of the inventors, need both hands to be applied, and that alone is a sufficient drawback to prevent their being of great service. Torsion, as practiced by many surgeons with the ordinary hemostatic clamp, is at the best an uncertain operation. If applied with one hand the danger is imminent of tearing the coats of the vessel at some point beyond the bite of the forceps, on account of the unsteadiness of the instrument, and
Filamin A interaction with the CXCR4 third intracellular loop regulates endocytosis and signaling of WT and WHIM-like receptors
Authors: Concepción Gómez-Moutón, Thierry Fischer, Rosa M. Peregil, Sonia Jiménez-Baranda, Thomas P. Stossel, Fumihiko Nakamura, Santos Mañes
Journal: Blood (2014)
Partial Gastrectomy in von Willebrand's Disease
Authors: R. E. Irvine, J. D. T. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1957)

BEMiM 1101 appear to be synergistic or additive.We were particularly impressed by its safety and freedom from side-effects, and its action tends to counteract depression.Its judicious use should prove to be of benefit to large numbers of epileptics. SummaryEleven patients suffering from grand-mal epilepsy with psychosis were treated for five months with nydrane in addition to other anticonvulsapts.The results were considered to be satisfactory by subjective and objective standards.Very few side-effects were observed, and in particular there was no evidence of any damage to liver or kidney or depression of haemopoietic function.We thank the resident medical superintendent for permission to carry out the trial, and Rona Laboratories for their supply of the drug.
Lumbar Disk Disease: Laminectomy vs Chymopapain Chemonucleolysis-Reply
Authors: Leon L. Wiltse
Journal: JAMA (1975)

In Reply.—  Dr Hudgin is certainly right when he states that, when treating pain, there are a number of variables that must be controlled before a comparison of surgical procedures is valid.  Of the first 500 patients in our study, 16.42% were compensation cases; these did less well than the others. Among our private patients, 69% obtained a good or excellent result. The fact that the compensation cases were included in the overall statistics does tend to lower the overall results.  It is impossible to say how many of our patients had chymopapain injection to avoid open surgery, but I think it is safe to say that most of them did. Both options were offered since, basically, they are alternative procedures for this group of patients. Every detail of these procedures was explained to each patient insofar as it was possible.  We cannot say how much of the benefit was
Endoscopic Therapy Using Monopolar and Bipolar Snare with a High-Frequency Current in Patients with a Pacemaker
Authors: S. Ito, H. Shibata, T. Okahisa, S. Okamura, S. Wada, M. Yano, T. Saijyo, H. Honda, H. Hayashi, I. Shimizu, K. Ii
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)
Studies with 15N-labeled ammonia and urea in the malnourished child
Authors: W. W. C. Read, D. S. McLaren, Marie Tchalian, Siham Nassar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Investigations using ammonium citrate-15N and urea-15N showed that children in the acute stage of kwashiorkor and marasmus receiving a diet of adequate protein content retained a considerable percentage of the label from both compounds. Excretion of both total 15N and urea-15N was subnormal and elimination was virtually completed 36 hr after administration of the isotope. During recovery from kwashiorkor total 15N excretion had approached normal a month after commencement of rehabilitation. Urea-15N excretion was still slightly subnormal after 3 months. In marasmus urea-15N formed a normal proportion of total 15N excretion after 1 month, although total 15N excretion then was still low. Ammonia nitrogen was retained to a greater extent than urea nitrogen in all cases. As it is known that a considerable amount of urea is degraded to ammonia in the gastrointestinal tract, it seems probable that urea nitrogen became available for use after this degradation. Examination of blood from one marasmic child after feeding ammonia-15N and from another after intravenous injection of urea-15N showed incorporation of the label into blood cells and plasma proteins. This did not occur in well nourished controls. It is concluded that ammonia and urea as sources of nonessential nitrogen may play an important part in protein metabolism in the malnourished child.
Sterilization of women.
Authors: C. P. Blacker, J. H. Peel
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A survey was conducted to discover the attitudes and practices concerning sterilization of women by practicing British obstetricians.  The extent to which sterilization was being carried out in National Health Service Hospitals was also determined.  63% of 1401 physicians responded; 96% said they were not against sterilization 83% carried it out without a second opinion and 99% routinely obtained written consent of both husband and wife.  2.02% of patients admitted to obstetrical and gynecological wards were sterilized-1.59% on gynecology wards and 2.02% on obstetrical wards.  Non-teaching hospitals performed a slightly greater number of sterilizations than teaching hospitals.  There were ranges from 1%-4% among various hospitals.  Reasons for requesting sterilization were: 48.7% domestic or family problems 27.7% repeated Caesarean section or termination of pregnancy 16% physical disease or defect 7% psychological reasons.
Letter: Methods of laparoscopic sterilisation.
Authors: B Lieberman, J Bostock
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The risk of visceral damage (as high as .6% in 1 series) associated with diathermy plus a significant increase in the number of young women requesting sterilization indicates need for alternatives to tubal diathermy. A prospective trial of laparoscopic sterilization using spring-loaded clips recorded no major complications in the 1st 250 women, although the failure rate of 2.6% (7 patients) was high. 5 of the 7 were due to operator errors and 2 to spring weakness. The clips and laparoscopic applicators have been redesigned and it is hoped that a multicenter trial now in progress will show clinically acceptable failure rates. This method also offers more opportunity for reversal.
Longitudinal Development of Distress, Coping and Quality of Life in HIV-Positive Persons
Authors: Peter Leiberich, Martina Engeter, Erhard Olbrich, Andrea Rubbert, Klaus Schumacher, Matthias Brieger, Joachim R. Kalden, Peter Joraschky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: Longitudinal study on burdens, quality of life and coping strategies of HIV-positive persons to identify patterns of successful adaptation to the demands of the infection. Methods: In a semiprospective multimodal approach, 61 HIV-positive persons in all stages of the infection attending an HIV ambulatorium were assessed by inventories (3 times) and by a half-standardized interview (baseline Tl focussing on first reactions after diagnosis, follow-up T3 1.5 years later). Subjects had a mean age of 35.3 years and 69% were male. Forty-four percent were infected via homosexual intercourse, 46% via intravenous needle sharing and 10% via heterosexual intercourse or an unknown source. Results: Global, psychic and familial distress decreased significantly from the first period after the diagnosis of HIV to the third time of measurement, while somatic complaints increased. Most test persons were able to deal effectively with the demands of the infection and showed a great degree of flexibility in their use of cognitive-actional and emotional-palliative strategies; they achieved a high quality of life. In contrast, highly distressed individuals, mainly drug users, tended to cope in an evasive-regressive way and reported a low quality of life. Correlations between ineffective coping strategies and low quality of life were found to be significant. Conclusions: After an initial phase of sorrow and lack of orientation regarding their future life, most HIV-positive persons deal effectively with the demands of the HIV infection and report a good quality of life. In contrast, HIV-positive persons with a high degree of distress and an evasive-regressive coping pattern need professional support, such as psychotherapy.
Smoking and Subclinical Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Talmadge E. King
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

The relationships between cigarette smoking and heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well known; in contrast, the topic of the relationship between smoking and interstitial lung disease is almost obscure. Despite its lack of a public persona, this relationship is important, since smoking plays a key role in the pathobiology of several interstitial lung diseases — respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis, and perhaps idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.1 It is widely known that in asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function, chest radiography reveals the presence of interstitial opacities (also known as dirty lung).2 The . . .
THE PRACTICE OF TRAUMATIC SURGERY
Authors: JOHN J. MOORHEAD
Journal: JAMA (1931)

A survey of the field of general surgery discloses the fact that traumatic surgery is the oldest and yet the newest type of surgery. To the ancients the care of the injured was the earliest problem presented; to moderns it is the imminent problem. In the periods long remote the care of those injured in tribal warfare was practically the only form of surgery, and it was, in effect, war surgery that produced surgeons of great renown who were adept in caring for the injured. Still later came that period in which accidents inherent to occupation became numerous; and thus arose the era of railway surgery and industrial surgery. The present is the era of transportation surgery, a veritable epidemic of automobile accidents of major character. The aviation era is on the horizon and already the airplane is becoming a factor in the production of the traumapathies. The greatest era
Failure of Polyvalent Vaccine to Provide Clinical Protection against Asian Influenza
Authors: Winslow J. Bashe, Howard Stegmiller, Domingo Leonida, Peter Greenwald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE effectiveness of artificial immunization in preventing influenza has been difficult to evaluate. A reduction in the incidence of disease occurs when inactivated vaccines containing the antigen of the prevalent type of influenza are applied before exposure to infection,1 2 3 but there has been less convincing evidence that annual immunization with polyvalent vaccines composed of noncurrent types have a practical value.4 , 5 The recommendation to employ the latter procedure is based primarily on the interpretation of antibody responses observed after their use.Inactivated vaccines not only induce homotypic responses but also may stimulate the production of influenza antibodies whose antigens were not . . .
Hepatic Scan Defects Following Radiotherapy for Lymphoma
Authors: KENNETH D. HERBST, MICHAEL P. CORDER, EUGENE T. MORITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Twenty-one patients with lymphoma were evaluated for the presence of hepatic scan defects following radiotherapy to fields which included the left lobe of the liver. Two distinct patterns of hepatic scan defects were noted: (a) a radiation port defect (Type I), and (b) attenuation of the left lobe (Type II). Five of seven patients evaluated within six weeks after radiotherapy demonstrated Type I defects but all seven subsequently developed Type II defects. Seventeen of the 21 patients developed Type II defects which have persisted (follow-up, up to 66 months). These characteristic defects should not be confused with other causes of hepatic scan defects in evaluating patients with lymphoma. The defects occur in a high percentage of patients and may persist for long periods.