tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A93: Childhood Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis: Standardized Disease Assessment in 6 Czech Children
Authors: Marek Böhm, Dana Nemcová, Tomáš Dallos, Václav Lád, Terezie Suláková, Eva Jancová, Pavla Dolezalová
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a rare primary systemic vasculitis affecting small blood vessels with predilection for the respiratory tract and kidneys. We describe clinical outcome of a small patient cohort as captured by the recently developed tools the Paediatric Vasculitis Activity Score (PVAS) and the Paediatric Vasculitis Damage Index (PVDI).



Methods:

A retrospective and prospective analysis of data gathered from 2006 to 2013 on patients fulfilling the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for GPA. Disease activity and damage items have been systematically recorded, data from the time of diagnosis and from the last follow-up (F/U) are presented.



Results:

Characteristics of the 6 girls identified are summarized in the 1. The median F/U was 4 years. Disease manifestations were recorded under PVAS and PVDI sections with 6/9 and 8/10 systems affected with active disease or damage, respectively. General, ENT and pulmonary manifestations were observed in 4/6 patients. Nephritis developed in 2/6 patients. Cumulative damage was noted in all cases with ENT region most commonly affected. Persistent remission was achieved in one case with limited disease, in the other one subglottic stenosis caused an episode of airway obstruction and cerebral ischemia leading to apalic syndrome and later to death. Clinical inactivity on treatment was achieved in 2 girls.


Table 1. Patient characteristics



F/U–follow-up, N/A-non–available, CS-Corticosteroids, CP-Cyclophosphamide, MTX-Methotrexate, MMFMycophenolate mofetil, AZA-Azathioprine, RTX-Rituximab




	
Patient	1	2	3	4	5	6	
Age at onset (years)	14	14	13	12	15	14	
F/U (years)	5	2	5	5	3	0.2	
ANCA	Atypical IF	c-ANCA	p-ANCA	Atypical IF	c-ANCA	c-ANCA	
Treatment	CS, CP, MMF	CS, MTX	CS, MTX	CS, MTX, CP, AZA	CS, CP, MMF, RTX	CS, CP, RTX	
PVAS category (section score)	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	
General	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	2	N/A	
Cutaneous	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	5	N/A	
Mucous memb./Eyes	0	0	0	0	6	0	2	0	0	0	0	N/A	
ENT	0	0	6	0	0	0	6	0	4	0	6	N/A	
Chest	3	0	0	0	0	0	6	0	6	0	6	N/A	
Renal	12	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	12	0	0	N/A	
PVAS total	15	4	9	0	7	0	14	0	28	0	19	N/A	
PVDI category (section score)	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	Onset	F/U	
Musculoskeletal	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	N/A	
Skin/Mucous memb.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	N/A	
Ocular	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	N/A	
ENT	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	2	0	1	1	N/A	
Chest	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	1	1	N/A	
Renal	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	N/A	
Nervous system	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	N/A	
Other	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	N/A	
PVDI total	0	2	0	4	0	2	0	12	0	5	4	N/A	



Conclusion:

This small series of patients illustrates a variety of GPA outcomes. A standardized scoring of disease activity and damage enables systematic patient F/U and drives appropriate treatment decision-making.
Biomedical models and healthcare systems
Authors: Simon R Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Wade and Halligan asked whether biomedical models of illness make for good healthcare systems.1 Alternative understanding of signs and symptoms can make for better healthcare systems. Signs relate to disease, symptoms to illness experience. Adapting Tinbergen's ethological quest for understanding behaviour to understanding illness behaviour points to four questions:



Why is the behaviour shown now?


How did the person grow to respond this way?


What is the survival value of the behaviour?


How has the behaviour evolved phylogenetically?






The biomedical model has concentrated on the first. How a person learns to present symptoms so that they achieve greatest survival value answers the second and third questions.

Symptoms are shaped depending on their communicative and survival value. Symptoms, as constituents of a language of illness, depend on an ability to take into account how others see them. Similarly medical practice becomes “mindful” medicine when it is aware of how the patient has developed a theory about how their symptoms are likely to be responded to.

As I have argued elsewhere,2 children learn facts about disease and to allocate disease labels to their subjective illness experiences through parental attribution of sickness. Parents introduce them to an illness and disease vocabulary remembered in “semantic memory.” Illness behaviour, evolving in parental care for children, becomes anchored in “implicit procedural memory,” and so unavailable for recollection. The experience of symptoms of illness is remembered in patients' “episodic memory.” Coherent integration of all memories can be surprisingly challenging.
Kinetics of reticulocyte maturity fractions and indices and iron status during therapy with epoetin beta (recombinant human erythropoietin) in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Olaf Sowade, Birgit Sowade, Kay Brilla, Werner Franke, Peter Stephan, Johann Gross, Paul Scigalla, Harry Warnke
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

We evaluated the changes in reticulocyte maturity fractions and indices, as measured by flow cytometry, during preoperative treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin beta) in cardiac surgery patients. A total of 72 patients was enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial and assigned to the two treatment groups (5 × 500 U/kg bodyweight epoetin beta or placebo intravenously over 14 days preoperatively). Therapy with epoetin beta produced continuous increases in hematocrit/hemoglobin, in the most mature fraction of reticulocytes (LR), and in reticulocyte count. In the first treatment week there were parallel increases in the fraction of most immature reticulocytes (HR) and in the reticulocyte mean cell volume. During the second week of treatment the reticulocyte mean cell hemoglobin content (CHr) decreased, but CHr was independent of all iron parameters, affecting neither the reticulocyte fractions nor the hematocrit/hemoglobin increase. The total preoperative rise in hematocrit correlated with the rises in LR fraction (P = 0.0270) and reticulocyte count (P = 0.0486) during the first week of treatment. Whereas in the epoetin beta patients the preoperative change in HR fraction showed negative correlations with transferrin saturation at baseline (P = 0.0058) and with the preoperative change in iron (P = 0.0113), the preoperative change in the LR fraction correlated positively with transferrin at baseline (P = 0.0115). Postoperatively, the reticulocyte parameters revealed that the onset of increased stimulation of erythropoiesis did not occur in the placebo patients until the second postoperative day, whereas erythropoietic activity in the epoetin beta patients was much higher during the postoperative period as well, as a result of the preoperative stimulation of erythropoiesis. The reticulocyte parameters measured by flow cytometry permitted an objective analysis of erythropoietic activity during treatment with epoetin beta and in all patients postoperatively. Further studies in various types of epoetin beta therapy are needed in order to clarify the value of these reticulocyte parameters for identification of iron deficiency and optimization of epoetin beta treatment regimen. Am. J. Hematol. 55:89-96, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Augmentation of adrenergic receptors in cardiomyopathic hamsters (BIO 14.6) with heart failure
Authors: K. Tawarahara, C. Kurata, T. Taguchi, A. Kobayashi, N. Yamazaki
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Augmentation of β adrenergic receptors in cardiomyopathic hamsters (BIO 14.6) with heart failure Get access Kei Tawarahara, Kei Tawarahara Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-31, Japan: K Tawarahara, C Kurata, T Taguchi, A Kobayashi, N Yamazaki. Correspondence to Dr Tawarahara. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chinori Kurata, Chinori Kurata Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-31, Japan: K Tawarahara, C Kurata, T Taguchi, A Kobayashi, N Yamazaki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Takahisa Taguchi, Takahisa Taguchi Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-31, Japan: K Tawarahara, C Kurata, T Taguchi, A Kobayashi, N Yamazaki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Akira Kobayashi, Akira Kobayashi Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-31, Japan: K Tawarahara, C Kurata, T Taguchi, A Kobayashi, N Yamazaki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Noboru Yamazaki Noboru Yamazaki Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 3600 Handa-cho, Hamamatsu 431-31, Japan: K Tawarahara, C Kurata, T Taguchi, A Kobayashi, N Yamazaki. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 5, May 1992, Pages 526–533, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.5.526 Published: 01 May 1992 Article history Received: 22 May 1991 Accepted: 08 January 1992 Published: 01 May 1992
RELAPSING FEVER IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: JAMES O. GILLESPIE
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Prior to 1930, relapsing fever was practically unknown in the United States except for a few sporadic cases in Colorado and California, having last been encountered in epidemic proportions along the eastern Atlantic seaboard during the period 1869-1871. The report1 of cases occurring in Texas in which the vector was proved to be the tick Ornithodorus turicata stimulated interest in this important disease with the result that in that state and California it has been reported with increasing frequency. In Texas,<sup>2</sup>data have been collected on 258 cases that have occurred during the last five years. On the basis of published proved cases the disease is endemic in Colorado, California, Arizona, Texas and Kansas. It is my purpose in this paper to bring to the attention of physicians a disease which probably is endemic throughout the entire southern half of the United States wherever ticks of the genus Ornithodorus
Remission of Maternal Depression and Children's Psychopathology
Authors: Robert Michels
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
991. Adenovirus-Mediated IL-12 Gene Transfer Increase Virus Specific CD8 T Cell Response in Aged Mice
Authors: Jian Chen, PingAr Yang, Qi Wu, Allan J. Zajac, Xiaohong Wang, Kohtaro Fujihashi, Hui-Chen Hsu, John D. Mountz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Respiratory viral infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. IL-12 and other Th1 cytokines can prevent the age-related defect in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response by blocking the age-associated down modulation of CD28 and immune senescence of CD8+ T cells. Gene therapy is one method to restore defective Th1 cytokines and reverse immune senescence. However, the effect of IL-12 on the generation and effector function of the viral epitope-specific cytotoxic CD8 T cells (CTLs) after delivery by an adenovirus vector has been difficult to dissect due to the lack of appropriate tetramers capable of identifying the virus-specific CTL response. This limitation can now be overcome by the use of our recently developed MHC class I tetramer containing the adenovirus (Ad) epitope peptide E1Bp, referred to as Db-E1Bp, in combination with the use of an in vivo killing assay to analyze the virus specific CD8 T cell response in young and old mice after Ad administration. To determine the effect of IL-12 on the generation and effector function of the virus-specific CTLs, we utilized an recombinant Ad vector to deliver the IL-12 gene into aged (16-mo-old) and young (2-mo-old) C57BL/6 (B6; H-2b) mice before infected with a wild-type Ad5. The primary CTL response was assayed by the Db-E1Bp tetramer and E1Bp-specific in vivo killing assay. Our results indicate that there was a 58% decrease in the production of virus-specific Db-E1Bp+CD8+ T cells in aged mice at day 8 after Ad5 infection, compared with that from young mice (p<0.01; Table). This was associated with a 30% decrease in the specific killing activity by these CTLs in aged mice (p<0.01). In vivo pretreatment of aged mice with Ad-IL12 resulted in an increase in serum IL-12, from 18|[plusmn]|7 ng/ml before pretreatment to 96|[plusmn]|12 ng/ml at the time of Ad5 infection 3 days later. Ad-IL12 pretreatment also induced strong IFNg production of 34|[plusmn]|11 ng/ml at the time of Ad5 injection compared to the base line of 0.5|[plusmn]|0.2 ng/ml. There was only a moderate increase of these cytokines in young mice. However, the serum IL-12 correlated with IFNg production in both old (r2=0.889; p<0.001) and young (r2=0.946; p<0.001) mice. At day 8 after Ad5 infection, both the Db-E1Bp+CD8+ /total CD8+ T cells and E1Bp specific lysis efficiency in the spleen and liver of aged mice increased to levels comparable to those of young mice (Table). This was associated with an increased thymocyte proliferative response mediated through IL-2 and IL-7 in aged mice. Our results indicate that aged mice have a defect in the CTL response to Ad infection, and that Ad-IL12 treatment significantly enhances the Ad-specific CTL response in aged mice, partially by induction of IFN|[gamma]|.
Breast Cancer Screening By Mammography
Authors: Leo G. Rigler
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  The article Evaluation of Periodic Breast Cancer Screening With Mammography, by Shapiro et al (195:731, 1966), and its accompanying editorial repeat a fallacy which is current in programs of screening for cancer. The introductory abstract reads Furthermore, the crucial question is whether mortality from breast cancer is lower because of the screening.... The implication is that if the screening does not produce a reduction in mortality, by reason of the earlier detection of a lesion, then it is not worthwhile. I think this is a serious error. Any procedure which permits us to identify small cancers within the population will be of great value even though the known methods of treatment at the time are entirely ineffective.  The value lies in the following:   Methods are devised or tested which make possible the detection of hidden cancer. Such procedures give us experience with the method and
Investigation of the Sphincter of Oddi before, Immediately after and Six Weeks after Endoscopic Papillotomy
Authors: M. Staritz, K. Ewe, K.-H. Meyer zum Büschenfelde
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

The sphincter of Oddi was investigated before, immediately after and 6 weeks after endoscopic sphincterotomy by endoscopic inspection, ERCP manometry, and by X-ray following retrograde cholangiography in 14 patients presenting with bile duct stones. The sphincter motility was normal before sphincterotomy. Following electrocautery no sphincter motility was noted, the sphincter baseline pressure showed considerable interindividual changes, and the length of the residual sphincter seemed to be only slightly reduced from 14.1 mm (before) to 10.9 mm. Despite this fact, bile duct concrements of more than 10 mm in diameter could be extracted without difficulty in all patients, confirming the adequacy of the sphincterotomy. Six weeks after sphincterotomy the sphincter length was 1.9 mm (0 to 7 mm) and in 6 patients the sphincter was completely incompetent, as demonstrated by the bile duct pressure (0 mmHg) and aerocholia, in the remaining 8 patients a small residual sphincter was able to maintain sphincter patency. We conclude that ERCP manometry cannot serve to confirm completeness of sphincterotomy immediately after electrocautery. But it would be possible to perform "semisphincterotomy" by assessing the sphincter length before cutting. Since sphincterotomy causes sphincter incompetence only in some patients, ERCP manometry would be a reliable aid for classifying the patients for follow-up studies.
Identification of distinct prognostic subgroups in low- and intermediate-1–risk myelodysplastic syndromes by flow cytometry
Authors: Arjan A. van de Loosdrecht, Theresia M. Westers, August H. Westra, Angelika M. Dräger, Vincent H. J. van der Velden, Gert J. Ossenkoppele
Journal: Blood (2007)
Absorption enhancement of intranasally administered insulin by sodium tauro-24,25-dihydrofusidate in rabbits and rats
Authors: S.G. Romeijn, M.J.M. Deurloo, W.A.J.J. Hermans, N.G.M. Schipper, J. Verhoef, F.W.H.M. Merkus
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1990)
A biochemical comparison of alclofenac and D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H A Bird, J S Dixon, M E Pickup, M R Lee, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

In view of the claim that alclofenac has a specific antirheumatoid action a detailed biochemical study has been made over a 6-month period of 2 groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving either alclofenac or D-penicillamine for the first time. We found no biochemical evidence and little clinical evidence that alclofenac had a 9penicillamine-like9 effect in rheumatoid arthritis.
Niche construction at the “workface” of the human behavioural sciences
Authors: P. A. Russell, D. P. Carey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Niche construction is a potentially important concept for the human behavioural sciences but we question how it differs from models of gene-culture coevolution and whether it can be developed in the detailed ways that will be necessary if it is going to make a significant contribution to the human behavioural sciences.
The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia by Immunization with Purified Polysaccharides.
Authors: Colin M. MacLeod
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia by Immunization with Purified Polysaccharides.Colin M. MacLeod, M.D.Colin M. MacLeod, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1059_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring World War II it was shown that immunization of troops in an army camp where pneumococcal pneumonia was epidemic by means of a polyvalent preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides prevented infection caused by types of pneumococcus present in the vaccine but did not affect the prevalence of the disease caused by other types. Although polyvalent polysaccharide prepararations were available commercially for several years thereafter, they did not come into general use chiefly because of the introduction of a variety of potent antibiotics during the same period. The meticulous studies of Austrian over the last 15 years on the high... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1059-1059KeywordsAntibioticsCyclic adenosine monophosphateInfectious diseasesPneumococcusPneumoniaPolysaccharidesVaccines Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Insulin resistance after oral glucose tolerance testing in patients with major depression
Authors: A Winokur, G Maislin, J L Phillips, J D Amsterdam
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

An association between affective disorders and alterations in glucose utilization has been recognized. The authors administered a 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) to 28 depressed patients and 21 healthy volunteer control subjects and measured serum glucose as well as plasma insulin and glucagon responses. Depressed patients demonstrated significantly higher basal glucose levels, greater cumulative glucose responses after the GTT, and larger cumulative insulin responses after the GTT than control subjects. Values for cumulative glucagon did not significantly differ between groups. These findings indicate the presence of a functional state of insulin resistance during major depressive illness and suggest the presence of a more generalized biological disturbance in some depressed patients.
Kinin-dependent hypersensitivity reactions in hemodialysis: Metabolic and genetic factors
Authors: G. Molinaro, Q.L. Duan, M. Chagnon, M.E. Moreau, P. Simon, P. Clavel, S. Lavaud, G. Boileau, G.A. Rouleau, Y. Lepage, A. Adam, J. Chanard
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
A New Audiovisual Aid to Heart-Sound Instruction
Authors: Daniel Levinson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The use of audiovisual aids to supplement clinical experience in auscultation continues to be studied and evaluated by medical educators. Early audiovisual aids, such as long-playing tapes and phonograph records, were of limited value because they presented a large amount of information at a fixed rate and sequence, and did not actively engage the student in the learning process. Devices incorporating single-example magnetic disks or electronically simulated heart sounds, coupled with oscilloscopic display, have been major advances but are expensive and often complex to operate. This communication describes a new audiovisual instrument for heart-sound instruction which is inexpensive, simple to operate, and useful both as a self-instructional device and as a classroom aid. It is multidimensional in that it incorporates simultaneous audio and visual representation of heart sounds and a correlative text. <h3>Method</h3> The basic unit is a two-channel tape recorder, unique in that the magnetic tape is mounted on
Dangerous Spectacle Frames
Authors: G. F. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In respect of in-patients during 1961 in the Wessex Region there were 17,307 patients discharged from 892 beds in general medical wards, and 2,874 discharges from 607 beds in chest hospitals.These figures are not comparable because some of the chest hospital beds are necessarily and properly used for long-stay patients (e.g., tuberculosis, respiratory invalids, or lung-cancer cases),