tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influenza vaccine uptake among British Muslims attending Hajj, 2005 and 2006
Authors: Shuja Shafi, Harunor Rashid, Kamal Ali, Haitham El Bashir, Elizabeth Haworth, Ziad A Memish, Robert Booy
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of COVID-19) uses PCR to detect viral RNA (vRNA) in respiratory samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA has also been detected in other sample types, but there is limited understanding of the clinical or laboratory significance of its detection in blood. <h3>Methods</h3> We undertook a systematic literature review to assimilate the evidence for the frequency of vRNA in blood, and to identify associated clinical characteristics. We performed RT-PCR in serum samples from a UK clinical cohort of acute and convalescent COVID-19 cases (n=212), together with convalescent plasma samples collected by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) (n=111 additional samples). To determine whether PCR-positive blood samples could pose an infection risk, we attempted virus isolation from a subset of RNA-positive samples. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 28 relevant studies, reporting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 0-76% of blood samples; pooled estimate 10% (95%CI 5-18%). Among serum samples from our clinical cohort, 27/212 (12.7%) had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by RT-PCR. RNA detection occurred in samples up to day 20 post symptom onset, and was associated with more severe disease (multivariable odds ratio 7.5). Across all samples collected ≥28 days post symptom onset, 0/143 (0%, 95%CI 0.0-2.5%) had vRNA detected. Among our PCR-positive samples, cycle threshold (ct) values were high (range 33.5-44.8), suggesting low vRNA copy numbers. PCR-positive sera inoculated into cell culture did not produce any cytopathic effect or yield an increase in detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA. <h3>Conclusions</h3> vRNA was detectable at low viral loads in a minority of serum samples collected in acute infection, but was not associated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 (within the limitations of the assays used). This work helps to inform biosafety precautions for handling blood products from patients with current or previous COVID-19.
INCIDENCE OF NEUROLOGIC DEFICITS IN ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION AND ITS IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES. INSIGHTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION (IRAD)
Authors: David C. Corteville, Vijay S. Ramanath, Christoph A. Nienaber, Kim A. Eagle, James B. Froehlich, Jeanna V. Cooper, Reed E. Pyeritz, Anna M. Booher, Marek Ehrlich, Truls Myrmel, Patrick O’Gara, Linda Pape, Joshua A. Beckman, Santi Trimarchi, Eric M. Isselbacher, Eduardo Bossone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reporting of Adverse Reactions to Drugs
Authors: MAXWELL M. WINTROBE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

Editorials1 January 1965Reporting of Adverse Reactions to DrugsMAXWELL M. WINTROBE, M.D.MAXWELL M. WINTROBE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-1-170 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe immediate problems related to adverse reactions to drugs are the need to [1] assemble the information, [2] evaluate the data, and [3] disseminate the information so gathered. More fundamental are the need to [4] gain an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of adverse reactions to drugs, [5] obtain conclusive proof of cause and effect relationships suggested by circumstantial evidence, and [6] develop techniques for predicting ill effects. However, difficulties in securing fundamental information need not delay the institution of practical steps for the protection of mankind.Some have assumed that if a drug were tested in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MAXWELL M. WINTROBE, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Medicine University of Utah College of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Role of the Laboratory in Clinical Toxicology and in the Teaching of TherapeuticsPreventable Drug Reactions — Causes and CuresFactors Determining Physician Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions 1 January 1965Volume 62, Issue 1 Page: 170-174 Keywords Adverse reactions Drugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Order of Roentgenographic Examinations
Authors: Loretta W. Chancy
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I agree with Dr Miller (237:63, 1977) that plain films and noncontrast roentgenographic examinations be done first. Second, any radioisotope examination should be done before procedures in which barium is used. However, I disagree with the order of preference for barium studies. If a patient is known or suspected of needing gastrointestinal (GI) and barium enema studies, the barium studies should always precede the GI examination. The intravenous pyelogram-barium enema combination should be done the first day, with an optional cleansing enema following the barium enema examination. The cleansing enema only insures that the colon be free of any barium pocketing in the folds. The gall-bladder-GI combination examination should be done the second day, following the barium enema examination. The basic reasons for this are the following. (1) Barium used in GI studies is much finer and therefore adheres to the intestinal lining better. (2) Barium for
Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing using percent achieved of predicted peak oxygen uptake for patients with ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arthur M. Stelken, Liwa T. Younis, Stephen H. Jennison, D. Douglas Miller, Leslie W. Miller, Leslee J. Shaw, Debra Kargl, Bernard R. Chaitman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Monocytes-macrophages that express α-smooth muscle actin preserve primitive hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow
Authors: Aya Ludin, Tomer Itkin, Shiri Gur-Cohen, Alexander Mildner, Elias Shezen, Karin Golan, Orit Kollet, Alexander Kalinkovich, Ziv Porat, Gabriele D'Uva, Amir Schajnovitz, Elena Voronov, David A Brenner, Ron N Apte, Steffen Jung, Tsvee Lapidot
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Congestive Heart Failure in Infancy Treated by Early Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: GEORGE R. DAICOFF, ROBERT H. MILLER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Six patients, ages 6, 10, 11, 15, 22, and 33 months, in severe congestive heart failure unresponsive to intensive medical therapy underwent operative closure of large ventricular septal defects successfully. The intraoperative management and the postoperative care are presented in detail. Our early results are gratifying and justify early closure of life-threatening ventricular septal defects in infants.
Second long term HRT trial stopped early
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A second trial looking into the long term effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been stopped early.

The UK Medical Research Council (MRC) announced last week that a decision had been taken to halt the women's international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM) for “scientific and practical reasons.” The trial, which has cost £10m ($15.5m; €15.9m), was due to be completed in 2016.

WISDOM was investigating the long term effects of oestrogen combined with progestogen and of oestrogen alone on the …
Mitochondrial Matrix Calcium Is an Activating Signal for Hormone Secretion
Authors: Andreas Wiederkehr, Gergő Szanda, Dmitry Akhmedov, Chikage Mataki, Claus W. Heizmann, Kristina Schoonjans, Tullio Pozzan, András Spät, Claes B. Wollheim
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
Lack of Efficacy of Water-Suppressed Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Plasma for the Detection of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Paul Okunieff, Anthony Zietman, Julia Kahn, Samuel Singer, Leo J. Neuringer, Robert A. Levine, Frederick E. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Water-suppressed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of plasma has been proposed by Fossel et al. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1369–76) as a technique for detecting malignant tumors. In their analysis, plasma samples from patients with cancer were clearly distinguished from those of normal subjects by measuring and averaging the methyl and methylene line widths of plasma lipoproteins in NMR spectrums.
Reduced sinus arrhythmia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Authors: W Wieling
Journal: BMJ (1983)

and Dr Gazzard's trial was two weeks, a period in which 50%" or fewer ulcers healed in another study.2The four to six week treatment period used conventionally is associated with nearly 80°of ulcers healing.3The relapse rate of healed ulcers after treatment is stopped is likely to be the same whatever the duration of treatment.
Handbook of Medical Sociology.
Authors: David W. Wallwork
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Contributions by 25 authors purportedly draw together "a wealth of fresh material important to the work of physicians, nurses, social workers, community organizers and social scientists interested in health." However, the volume lacks purposeful integration of its parts and uniformity in presentation. Some chapters are intelligible and interesting to all toward whom the book is oriented, others are written in such sociologically technical language that they hold the interest of only the relatively few familiar with this vocabulary. The practicing physician probably will find only the chapter on "The Addictive Diseases as Socio-Environmental Health Problems" of real worth. The physician interested in the profession's status and problems will find the chapters "Medical Education," "Nursing and Other Health Professions," "The Organization of Medical Practice," and "The Utilization of Health Services" informative but not especially "fresh" or new. This book may well serve as a source book (bibliographies are extensive) for sociologists,
RORγt+ Innate Lymphoid Cells Acquire a Proinflammatory Program upon Engagement of the Activating Receptor NKp44
Authors: Timor Glatzer, Monica Killig, Johannes Meisig, Isabelle Ommert, Merlin Luetke-Eversloh, Marina Babic, Daniela Paclik, Nils Blüthgen, Rainer Seidl, Claudia Seifarth, Jörn Gröne, Minoo Lenarz, Katharina Stölzel, Dominik Fugmann, Angel Porgador, Anja Hauser, Alexander Karlas, Chiara Romagnani
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Acute renal failure presenting in pregnancy secondary to idiopathic hydronephrosis.
Authors: G J Lewis, S P Chatterjee, A D Rowse
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Une observation tres rare: anurie au cours de la grossesse chez une femme de 25 ans atteinte d'une obstruction des jonctions pyelo-ureterales non diagnostiquee auparavant. Hemodialyses puis nephrostomies. Au bout de 6 j (28eme semaine de grossesse), accouchement spontane. Le nouveau-ne (1400 g) est en etat satisfaisant. Chez la mere, bon resultat d'une operation de Anderson-Hynes bilaterale faite le 12eme jour
Incidence and significance of left anterior hemiblock complicating acute inferior wall myocardial infarction.
Authors: P Kourtesis, E Lichstein, K D Chadda, P K Gupta
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The hospital course and serial vectorcardiograms of 56 consecutive patients with acute inferior wall myocardial infarction were reviewed. Left anterior hemiblock (LAH) complicating inferior wall myocardial infarction was diagnosed by vectorcardiographic criteria. Seven patients (12.5%) developed LAH between the first and third hospital day, while 49 patients did not. There was no significant difference between these two groups when compared for age, sex, incidence of congestive heart failure, atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular (A-V) block, hospital mortality, and previous hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and myocardial infarction. We conclude that LAH is a relatively common complication of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction, with no apparent effect on the clinical course.
Patients' access to personal health information.
Authors: S Jenkins, C J Dickinson, M A Heasman, B W Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Four physicians comment on an issue paper from the Department of Health and Social Security about provisions of the Data Protection Act that would permit patient access to computerized health records in 1987 unless the Secretary of State rules otherwise. S. Jenkins, a general practitioner, fears that patient access would refocus the record on the doctor's best interests rather than the patient's. C.J. Dickinson, a medical professor, welcomes access as fostering trust. M.A. Heasman, a health administrator, opposes unrestricted access but urges physicians to reveal more to patients. B.W. Ellis, a consultant surgeon, holds that patients have a right to see their records, subject to physician discretion in disclosing information to the patient's general practitioner or other third party. An interprofessional working group's "Statement on subject access to personal health information" rejects unrestricted access lest it inhibit health professionals from recording sensitive data.
Beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in canine myocardium. Effects of ischemia.
Authors: A Mukherjee, T M Wong, L M Buja, R J Lefkowitz, J T Willerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Experimental myocardial ischemia produced in dogs by proximal left anterior descending coronary artery ligation is accompanied by relatively rapid (1 h) increases in the number of (-) [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites without changing their dissociation constants in ischemic left ventricular tissue. The changes, persist for at least 8 h and are accompanied by marked decreases in myocardial tissue ischemic region norepinephrine content. In contrast, in the same canine model 1 h of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery ligation did not result in a significant change in the number of [3H]quinuclidynl benzilate binding sites of their dissociation constants. However, the number of [3H]quinuclidynl benzilate binding sites (muscarinic cholinergic receptors) are 50--70% greater than (-) [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites (beta adrenergic receptors) in canine left ventricular tissue. Thus, the data suggest that proximal left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 1 h significantly increases the number of beta adrenergic receptors in ischemic left ventricular tissue without changing the number of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Whether the ischemia-produced increase in cardiac beta-receptor content is causally related to increased cyclic AMP levels that develop in ischemic tissue and/or an etiologic factor in arrhythmias originating from ischemic myocardial tissue will have to be determined in additional studies.
A Sensitive Subject
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1982)

When my medical school class began there were 64 eager students, and 64 students eventually finished four years later.  recall each year the story surrounding the one who did not make it and was replaced.  From the first day we were told how small our class size was; it was obvious to anyone who had come from the larger universities. One Berkeley graduate said, I had more people than this in my organic lab!  The newness of the school soon faded, but the excitement of histology, physiology, and courses  can no longer remember propelled us through the first quarter.  Tight groups of friends readily developed, but one person seemed to remain anonymous even within this small group of 64. It was the classics major, dark-haired, with round-rimmed tortoise-shell glasses, soft-spoken, who, when we were in social groups, was always alone. He did not play touch football, throw the
EETs mediate cardioprotection of salvianolic acids through MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Shoubao Wang, Weiku Zhang, Xiaobin Pang, Li Li, Guorong He, Xiuying Yang, Lianhua Fang, Juntian Zhang, Guanhua Du
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

Salvianolic acids, including salvianolic acid A (SAA) and salvianolic acid B (SAB), are the main water-soluble bioactive compounds isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Danshen and have been shown to exert in vitro and in vivo cardiovascular protection. Recent studies suggest that epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the primary cytochrome P450 2J (CYP2J) epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid, are involved in the progression of ischemic injury in diverse organs. Here, we investigated the relation between the protective effects of salvianolic acids and EETs/sEH as well as MAPK signaling pathway. In the present study, the rat acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model was established by the left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Our results showed that salvianolic acids significantly reduced ST-segment elevation and serum levels of CK-MB, LDH, and ALT in AMI rats, and significantly attenuated the caspase 3 expression and reduced the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. ELISA measurement showed that salvianolic acids significantly increased the 14,15-EET levels in blood and heart, and attenuated hydrolase activity of sEH in heart of AMI rat. Western blotting analysis suggested that salvianolic acids significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, and increased phosphorylation of ERK in heart. In conclusion, these results indicate that EETs/sEH and MAPK signaling pathways are important processes in cardioprotection of salvianolic acids.
A Role for Glucagon during Infection
Authors: William R. Beisel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Glucagon must now be listed with other hormones that are secreted in excess quantities during an infectious process. In this issue of the Journal, Rocha et al. describe unusually high concentrations of glucagon in the plasma of nondiabetic patients with various bacterial infections. The magnitude of glucagon increase appears to correlate well with the severity of illness in individual patients. Evidence discussed below also supports the view that glucagon has a key role during infection by contributing to general host defensive mechanisms.Patients with severe diabetes mellitus often require higher doses of insulin during episodes of infection. In fact, . . .
Antireticulin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis and adult coeliac disease
Authors: M. LANCASTER-SMITH, PARVEEN KUMAR, M.L. CLARK, R. MARKS, G.D. JOHNSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Antireticulin antibody was present in 17% of sera from thirty-five patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, 45% from twenty-eight patients with adult coeliac disease and none of thirty healthy controls. There was a higher incidence of antireticulin antibody(a) in patients on normal diets than in those on gluten free diets, and (b) in patients with subtotal villous atrophy than in those with partial villous atrophy. Two patterns of tissue staining were demonstrated, one of which was almost invariably associated with jejunal subtotal villous atrophy. The Ig class of the antibody was IgG in all instances but in 64% antibody of the IgA class was also present.
Nephropathy and Other Topics
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

This is the eighth of a series of articles based on presentations at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Scientific Sessions held 6−10 June 2008 in San Francisco, California.

### Nephropathy and blood pressure

Burrows et al. (abstract 266) analyzed the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in individuals with diabetes, using data from the U.S. Renal Data System and estimates of the U.S. population with diabetes from the National Health Interview Survey, and found that although the number of diabetic individuals beginning treatment for ESRD increased from 17,728 in 1990 to 45,951 in 2005, the age-adjusted incidences were 299, 343, and 201 per 100,000 diabetic population in 1990, 1996, and 2005, respectively, with decreases in incidence consistently seen in 2005 among diabetic individuals aged  75 years—perhaps an indication that ESRD is being successfully prevented. There remain important areas for intervention. Kim et al. (abstract 748) studied 3,239 Pima Indians aged 5–19 years. Microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were found in 7 and 1% of nondiabetic and in 29 and 2% of diabetic children, respectively. Regression to normoalbuminuria was found in 76% of nondiabetic but only 20% of diabetic youth, whereas progression to macroalbuminuria was seen at annual rates <1% in nondiabetic youth with microalbuminuria but 4 and 12% in diabetic patients with albumin-to-creatinine ratios 30–100 and 100–300 mg/g, respectively. Orchard and Costacou (abstract 973) compared 208 type 1 diabetic patients with intermittent versus persistent microalbuminuria and found the latter group to be 14 times more likely to progress to macroalbuminuria. Persistent microalbuminuria was associated with higher A1C, systolic blood pressure, and pulse. Cignarelli et al. (abstract 734) reported that among 407 type 2 diabetic patients, there were 55 subjects with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 ml/min of whom 76% were normoalbuminuric. Although A1C, lipids, statin use, and glycemic treatment were similar in those …
Cost-effectiveness of full-course oral levofloxacin in severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: J-B. Wasserfallen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Oral levofloxacin is as efficient as sequential antibiotic treatment in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The current authors assessed whether oral levofloxacin treatment of patients with severe CAP, followed-up for 30 days, would save money. Over a 12-month period, 129 hospitalised patients with severe non-intensive care unit CAP were randomly assigned to receive either oral levofloxacin or sequential antibiotic treatment. Direct and indirect costs were compared over a 30-day period from several perspectives. CAP resolved in 71 out of 77 oral levofloxacin (92%) and in 34 out of 37 sequential antibiotic treatment patients (92%). Patients' characteristics, treatment duration, hospital length of stay and mortality were similar in both groups. Drug acquisition costs were 1.7-times smaller in oral levofloxacin patients, who were less often transferred to rehabilitation centres, but they used more physicians' visits during follow-up and their total costs were lower. As only a minority of patients was still active, inability to work and, hence, indirect costs were similar in both groups. In this study, oral levofloxacin for severe non-intensive care unit community-acquired pneumonia was equally effective as sequential antibiotic treatment, but did not lead to major costs savings except for drug acquisition costs. External factors linked with patients' characteristics and/or medical practice are likely to play a role and should be addressed.
Mental Ability and School Achievement of Premature Children at 8 Years of Age
Authors: J. W. B. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Clinically, our cases closeiy parallel Gillanders's description of nutritional heart disease, with the hypokinetic circulation, the poor movement of the heart as seen fluoroscopically, and the poor response to treat- ment.However, there was no evidqnce that malnutrition was a causal factor.Malignant malnutrition or kwashiorkor is a common condition amongst the African children admitted to this hospital, but in our cases the state of nutrition was much above the average, with no evidence of dermatosis, severe liver disturbance, oedema, or other stigmata of malnutrition.Thus until the aetiology of these cases is determined the term idiopathic cardiac hypertrophy seems appropriate.The literature is briefly reviewed, with particular reference to the rarer forms of heart disease occurring in infancy and childhood.We wish to thank Dr. E.