tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of beta-catenin expression associated with disease progression in malignant melanoma
Authors: T. Kageshita, C.V. Hamby, T. Ishihara, K. Matsumoto, T. Saida, T. Ono
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Loss of β‐catenin expression associated with disease progression in malignant melanoma Get access T. Kageshita, T. Kageshita Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1–1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Japan Toshiro Kageshita. E‐mail: toshiro@kaiju.medic.kumamoto‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.V. Hamby, C.V. Hamby Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ishihara, T. Ishihara Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1–1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Matsumoto, K. Matsumoto Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3–1–1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390–8621, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Saida, T. Saida Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3–1–1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390–8621, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ono T. Ono Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1–1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860‐0811, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 2, 1 August 2001, Pages 210–216, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04336.x Published: 01 August 2001
Letter: Fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
Authors: S W Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1974)

the need for further operation."I do know that not all urologists are so confident.Incidentally, my registrar has recently done open prostatectomy on a man who had transurethral resection by a distinguished London urologist only a few years ago.I am in favour of increasing the number of specialist urological units in appropriate big hospitals.But in a majority of smaller district hospitals it would surely be wiser to aim at having no more than one surgeon -killed in endoscopic operations.Whether that surgeon need be a pure urologist is an open question, dependent upon the attitude of the individual concerned as well as the practice and aptitudes of his colleagues.-I
Hypothermia‐induced platelet aggregation in heparinized flowing human blood: Identification of a high responder subpopulation
Authors: Matthew W. Hall, Paul D. Goodman, Steven M. Alston, Kenneth A. Solen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract Cold‐induced platelet aggregation (CIPA) in PRP has previously been documented in connection with platelet preservation (4–15°C). This report describes hypothermia‐induced platelet aggregation (HIPA) in whole blood and at temperatures used in open‐heart surgery (24–32°C). HIPA (specifically, the formation of occlusive aggregates) was studied in human whole blood. Fresh heparinized (1.5 U/ml) human blood was cooled and maintained at target temperatures (15, 20, 24, 28, 32, or 37°C) as it flowed (1 ml/min) through 75‐cm long 1/32″ internal diameter polymer conduit. The formation of aggregates in the tubing was verified using optical video microscopy and was quantified by a light‐scattering method and a constant‐pressure filtration method. Donors were tested at least twice at each target temperature and were classified into three separate response regimes (Low, Medium, and High) on the basis of the number of aggregates and the duration of their appearance. The screening of 121 donors (average age 22.3 ± 4.3 years) for HIPA at 24°C (the temperature of maximum response) indicated 14% High Responders, 18% Medium Responders, and 68% Low Responders. HIPA was inhibited by EDTA, citrate, PGE 1 , and Tirofiban, but not by aspirin, and it was enhanced by elevated heparin levels. HIPA was consistently noted in the blood of a subpopulation of donors, and the associated platelet aggregates in the blood of High Responders were rigid and occlusive. It is postulated that such aggregates may contribute to cognitive dysfunction noted in patients undergoing hypothermic open‐heart surgery, and that postulus is being investigated. Am. J. Hematol. 69:45–55, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Appropriateness Criteria for Coronary Angiography in Angina: Reliability and Validity
Authors: Harry Hemingway, Ruoling Chen, Cornelia Junghans, Adam Timmis, Sandra Eldridge, Nick Black, Paul Shekelle, Gene Feder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Evaluated criteria for tailoring the decision to perform coronary angiography in specific clinical scenarios are lacking. Objective: To determine the reliability and prognostic validity of patient-specific appropriateness criteria for coronary angiography among patients with suspected angina pectoris. Design: Prospective observational study. Two independent panels of clinicians scored 2400 patient-specific indications for coronary angiography as inappropriate, uncertain, or appropriate. Using a simple computer algorithm, patients were matched to 1 of these indications. Setting: 6 urban ambulatory care clinics in the United Kingdom. Patients: 9356 consecutive patients with recent-onset chest pain in whom stable angina was suspected. Measurements: Appropriateness ratings and clinical outcomes (coronary death and acute coronary syndrome events) over a median of 3 years of follow-up. Results: 660 coronary deaths or acute coronary syndrome events occurred. Agreement between the 2 panels (reliability) on appropriateness category was moderate (weighted κ = 0.58; P < 0.001). Use of subsequent angiography was strongly related to appropriateness category (P for linear trend <0.001) according to scores from either panel. Among patients judged as appropriate candidates for angiography, underuse was common (57% according to panel A and 71.3% according to panel B), and not undergoing coronary angiography was associated with higher coronary event rates than was undergoing the procedure. The hazard ratio after adjustment for age, sex, exercise electrocardiography result, and secondary prevention medication was similar according to panel A (2.78 [95% CI, 1.77 to 4.37]) and panel B (2.47 [CI, 1.72 to 3.55]). Limitation: The study was too small to assess the relationship of angiography with coronary death and did not assess the reasons why patients did not receive angiography. Conclusion: Appropriateness scores offer prognostically valid criteria for judging which specific patients might benefit from coronary angiography. Patient-specific appropriateness scores help pinpoint areas where judgments diverge and are a promising tool for making guidelines more effective.
Hepatic Reactions to Drugs
Authors: Henry J. Tumen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Hepatic injury occurs relatively commonly as an adverse reaction to drugs, as well as to many other substances used industrially. Certain general aspects of this subject will be discussed briefly in this introductory article; subsequent articles will deal with various hepatotoxic agents in greater detail. <h3>Direct Chemical Injury</h3> Several different types of chemically induced liver disturbances are known. Some of these disturbances result from direct injury to the liver cells by the hepatotoxic agent; a classic example is carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Reactions of this type have the following general pattern: (1) hepatocellular damage is the primary effect but other organs, notably the kidneys, are also affected by the toxic agent; (2) the injury occurs in all individuals exposed to the substance, and it can be readily produced in experimental animals; (3) the latent period between the exposure and the onset of the reaction is brief and fairly uniform; and (4)
Generic Atorvastatin and Health Care Costs
Authors: Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Mindy M. Chou, Joseph S. Ross, Nilay D. Shah, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Interview with Cynthia Jackevicius on generic drugs and health care costs. (10:33)Download Lipitor (atorvastatin) was the top-selling prescription drug in the United States in 2010, but its patent expired in June 2011, and the first generic version entered the market on November 30. What economic impact will the availability of generic atorvastatin have?
Endocardial Cushion Defect with Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: LEWIS P. SCOTT, ANNA J. HAUCK, ALEXANDER S. NADAS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Five patients with endocardial cushion defect, pulmonic stenosis, and right-to-left shunt have been presented. Valvular pulmonic stenosis was present in all, with additional infundibular stenosis in two. Four patients had complete atrioventricular canal defects. In two children both great arteries arose from the right ventricle. In the clinical differentiation of this entity from the common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease, the electrocardiogram, characterized by left axis deviation and a counterclockwise inscription of the plane vector loop, is the most helpful tool. The surgical problems presented may be formidable and even impossible to solve, if both great arteries emerge from the right ventricle.
Time and tide wait for no man
Authors: D. Shearman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Global warming presents a new hazard to human health. Recognising the predominant human mechanisms for our failure to address this problem may help in formulating strategies for action 

Humanity is making little progress in solving the global issues of war, famine, poverty, environmental destruction, population overload, and climate change that increasingly threaten its wellbeing, health, and survival. The national and international responses to all these major problems are totally inadequate, and the medical profession should be active in seeking remedies.

#### Summary points

Climate change presents a unique threat to humanity because it is difficult to comprehend responsibility beyond our existing descendants

Our psychological mechanisms and economic ideology also preclude effective action

Doctors have the skill and responsibility to help solve global issues

The medical profession must work to influence governments and their leaders by personal interaction and persuasion

While all these global issues seem insoluble in their scale and complexity, global warming presents a particular and unfamiliar hazard to human health. The United States, with 4% of the world's population, produces a quarter of its greenhouse gases. The BMJ has addressed the inadequacies of the US president's response to global warming.1 Ill health due to climate change is likely to arise both directly (such as via thermal stress) and through complex mechanisms that disturb ecological systems, many of which are already stressed by pollution, bio-invasion, and loss of resilience due to altered biodiversity. For example, the impacts of climate change on plant physiology and agroecosystem functioning may interact with soil degradation to decrease the yields of crops needed to feed a growing human population. Global warming may thus impair health by reductions in nutrition, economic activity, and habitable locations and increases in infectious diseases. Extreme weather events and a changing distribution of precipitation could cause physical disasters, exacerbate conflicts, and augment …
We cannot change the past, but we can learn from it
Authors: M. Smith, C. Knusel, A. Chamberlain, P. D. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We do not share Doyal and Muinzer’s views on Charles Byrne.1 Most early pathology museum displays are grave robbed specimens, executed criminals, or the unclaimed dead from workhouses.2 3 Reburial cannot change this. Rather, museum displays highlight the fact that such things no longer occur because of changes in societal attitudes. Anatomical preparations formed …
Decrease of cytotoxic T cells in allergic asthma correlates with total serum immunglobulin E
Authors: K. Bratke, F. Haupt, M. Kuepper, B. Bade, S. Faehndrich, W. Luttmann, J. C. Virchow
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Allergic asthma has been linked to an increase in T-helper type 2-like cytokines and T cells, but there is growing evidence for a role of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of asthma. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of different lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with allergic asthma.Granzyme A, B, K, and perforin expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes was analyzed using flow cytometry. Soluble granzymes were measured in serum using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Asthmatics had significantly decreased percentages of granzyme and perforin-positive CD4 T cells compared with non-atopic controls. In patients with asthma, the granzyme B and perforin-positive subset of CD8(+) T cells and natural killer T cells, which represent more differentiated cell populations, were significantly reduced, while this was not observed in the less differentiated granzyme K(+) subsets. In addition, the serum concentrations of granzyme B were significantly reduced in patients with asthma, while granzyme K concentrations were not different. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between granzyme A, B and perforin expression in T cell subsets as well as serum granzyme B concentrations and total serum immunglobulin E. In CD3-negative natural killer cells, no differences in granzyme or perforin expression between patients with asthma and controls were detected.In allergic asthma, cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets of a more differentiated phenotype are significantly decreased and this is correlated to serum immunglobulin E levels.
Separate Cranial Bones.
Authors: Wm. E. Jewett
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Adrian, Mich., Oct. 25, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The case of Dr. Roseberry, reported in theJournalof October 15, reminds me of an almost identical one which occurred in my early practice. Mrs. R. M., of about 30 years, was delivered May 16, 1871, of a full-term child, male and still-born, the bones of whose cranium were completely separated, and feeling, as Dr. R. expressed it, like a bag of bones. This was her second confinement, and the labor was normal and easy, the child weighing six pounds. Her previous child was a strong, healthy male. The woman died a few years subsequently of tuberculosis. I have no further history of the case. Yours truly,
Maternal obesity and heart disease in the offspring
Authors: P. Factor-Litvak
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Interventions may need to begin before pregnancy 

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age and in pregnant women has steadily increased over the past 20 years.1 2 Maternal obesity is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes for the mother, such as increased mortality, pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes. It is also associated with adverse outcomes for the child at birth (such as large for gestational age babies and fetal distress) and in later life (such as increased risk of later obesity, metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, hypertension, asthma, and behavioral problems).3 The linked paper by Reynolds and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.f4539) is the first to describe associations between maternal obesity and risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in mid-life.4

What are the possible …
Borna Disease Virus and its role in Neurobehavioral Diseases
Authors: Thomas Lazar
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2003)

Viruses that have jumped the species barrier to establish themselves as human scourges are numerous. HIV and the coronavirus underlying the recently emerged SARS syndrome have made headlines worldwide. The Borna Disease Virus (BDV), by comparision, is practically unknown. The neurological disease it causes in mammals, such as horses, has been known for at least two centuries, long before viruses were recognised as causal agents of infectious illnesses. Only recently has this little‐known virus been connected with fatal neurological diseases in human beings.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in carcinogenesis.
Authors: D Warshawsky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

A symposium on "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Carcinogenesis" was presented at the third International Congress of Pathophysiology held in Lathi, Finland, 28 June-3 July 1998. The congress was also sponsored by the International Union of Biological Sciences and the International Society of Free Radical Research. Institutional support for the symposium included the Electric Power Research Institute, National Center for Toxicological Research, and EPA/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory and the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. The symposium focused on the sources, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and risk assessment of individual and mixtures of PAHs that are found in solid wastes, Superfund sites, and other hazardous waste sites. Based on the occurrence of PAHs at numerous Superfund sites and the significant data gaps on the toxic potential of certain PAHs, the information developed during this symposium would be of value in assessing health risks of these chemicals at Superfund and other hazardous waste sites.
An operation for pectus excavatum.
Authors: G H Wooler
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Proceedings of the Thoracic Society 0.8 mg./kg., was given.Of the 10 patients treated, four were completely relieved, five were partially relieved, and only one showed no response.The speed of response varied from one to 10 days.Symptomatic improvement was notable.The duration of relief varied from four weeks to eight months.Recurrence of superior vena caval obstruction needing further treatment was seen in two of these patients, and another patient died of recurrent superior vena caval obstruction.It is felt that the results of this small series warrant further consideration of this readily available method of treatment as an alternative to radiotherapy.LUNG TRANSPLANTATION LLOYD D. MACLEAN Important lessons in transplantation, in general, gleaned from 100 cadaver renal transplants are reviewed.The problems of suitable donors, likely recipients, and the importance of histocompatibility matching and the difficulties in the use of anti- lymphocyte serum are discussed in relation to lung transplantation.Experimental as well as clinical lung transplantation indicate several unsolved problems that include the blood supply to the bronchus of the transplanted lung, the need for bilateral pneumonectomy in some potential recipients with the attendant risk to normal respiration and cough reflex, lack of a proven index of rejection, and the necessity to transplant a contaminated organ.These problems in relation to a personal lung transplant are reviewed.
Associations of Long-Term and Early Adult Atherosclerosis Risk Factors With Aortic and Mitral Valve Calcium
Authors: George Thanassoulis, Joseph M. Massaro, Ricardo Cury, Emily Manders, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan, L. Adrienne Cupple, Udo Hoffmann, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Sekar Kathiresan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Glucose Monitoring After Fruit Peeling: Pseudohyperglycemia When Neglecting Hand Washing Before Fingertip Blood Sampling
Authors: Takahisa Hirose, Tomoya Mita, Yoshio Fujitani, Ryuzo Kawamori, Hirotaka Watada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To examine whether hand contamination with fruit results in a false blood glucose (BG) reading using capillary fingertip blood sample.The study subjects were healthy volunteers with normal glucose tolerance test. Capillary BG samples were collected from the fingertip after peeling orange, grape, or kiwi fruit, followed by no action, washing hands with tap water, or rubbing the fingertip with an alcohol swab, then analyzed with glucose monitors.The BG levels measured after peeling any of the fruits, followed by washing hands, were similar to the control subjects (no fruit handling), but the levels after fruit peeling, followed by no washing, were abnormally and significantly high, even when the fingertip was cleaned once or five times with an alcohol swab before blood sampling.To avoid overestimation of blood glucose using portable monitors, the hands should be washed before monitoring capillary BG, especially after fruit has been handled.
Accumulation of proteins bearing atypical isoaspartyl residues in livers of alcohol-fed rats is prevented by betaine administration: Effects on protein-l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase activity
Authors: Kusum K. Kharbanda, Mark E. Mailliard, Cheryl R. Baldwin, Michael F. Sorrell, Dean J. Tuma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
US researchers failed to disclose risks of newborn study, finds government office
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers who enrolled more than 1300 premature newborns in a study to identify the optimum levels of blood oxygen saturation did not adequately disclose to parents the risks of eye damage, neurological impairment, and death that study participation posed, the United States Office of Human Research Protections (OHRP) has found.

The study was part of the influential Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial (SUPPORT) study that also looked at the use of continuous positive airway pressure and surfactant in these patients.

The OHRP detailed its concerns about the study’s arm relating to blood oxygen saturation in a letter on 7 March to Richard Marchase, vice president for Research and Economic Development at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, which was the lead site for that portion of the study.1

The letter was written by Lisa Buchanan, compliance oversight coordinator at OHRP.

In the part of the trial criticized in the OHRP review, premature infants of low birth weight …
Injuries of the spine sustained in rugby.
Authors: J R Silver
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Between 1952 and 1982, 67 rugby players (63 rugby union, two rugby league, and two American football) sustained serious injuries of their spine. The injuries fell predominantly on the lower cervical spine. Forty eight of the players sustained serious injuries of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis and total incapacity. The incidence of such injuries appears to have increased in recent years, particularly those incurred in tackles and mauls and rucks, and particularly among schoolboys. Changes in the laws of the game and in the attitudes of the players over the past few years should improve play and lead to a lower incidence of injuries.
Treatment of Advanced Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck with Alternating Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
Authors: Marco Merlano, Vito Vitale, Riccardo Rosso, Marco Benasso, Renzo Corvò, Monica Cavallari, Giuseppe Sanguineti, Almalina Bacigalupo, Fausto Badellino, Giovanni Margarino, Fulvio Brema, Gisella Pastorino, Corrado Marziano, Andrea Grimaldi, Felice Scasso, Giuseppe Sperati, Eugenio Pallestrini, Giacomo Garaventa, Emilio Accomando, Giovanni Cordone, Giuseppe Comella, Antonio Daponte, Alessandra Rubagotti, Paolo Bruzzi, Leonardo Santi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

For patients with advanced, unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, radiotherapy is the standard treatment but has poor results. We therefore designed a randomized trial to determine whether alternating chemotherapy with radiotherapy would improve the survival of such patients.