tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P247 The respiratory phenotype of the BBS4 null mouse lung
Authors: M. Cho, P. Beales, M. Hind, R. Quinlan
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bardet–Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to BBS gene mutations that result in primary ciliary dysfunction (Hildebrandt <i>et al</i>, <i>N Engl J Med</i> 2011). Primary cilia are found on most eukaryotic cells and have been reported in various human organs including kidneys, brain, and lung airways. BBS patients present with a number of features including polydactyly, obesity, visual impairment and renal cysts and these are also seen in other examples of ciliopathies. Many BBS patients report frequent respiratory infections and are empirically diagnosed with asthma; yet, little is known about the pulmonary effects of BBS and explanations for the respiratory presentations remain unclear. We have recently described the respiratory phenotype of a cohort of 28 consecutive BBS patients (Hind: unpublished data). This study investigates whether there are structural and functional defects in the BBS lung that may explain the frequent respiratory symptoms described by BBS patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Lungs from Bbs4 null mice (Bbs4−/−) were examined and compared to unaffected control littermates. Lung volumes were measured by volume displacement and alveolar tissue assessed through morphometry according to ATS/ERS standards (Hsia, AJRCCM, 2010). These data were used to derive the alveolar surface area (Sa) for each animal. Functional studies of motile cilia using ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and inflammatory cell types in the distal lungs were analysed both from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and using immunohistochemistry on lung sections. <h3>Results</h3> We show that, as seen in the heterogeneous patient group, the Bbs4−/− mice are significantly heavier than control littermates. Lung volume and Sa of all mice increase with age; however, Bbs4−/− mice have smaller lung volumes and a reduced Sa. Furthermore, lung histology demonstrates that Bbs4−/− mice show evidence of chronic infection. Although we have not found any evidence for ultrastructural defects in airway motile cilia, Bbs4−/− null mice have a significantly slower CBF. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data suggest that a loss of function in BBS4 results in a greater body mass, a functional motile ciliary defect, frequent inflammation, and reduced gas-exchanging surface area of the lung.
Hyperkinesis without the Frank-Starling mechanism in a nonischemic region of acutely ischemic excised canine heart.
Authors: Y Goto, Y Igarashi, O Yamada, K Hiramori, H Suga
Journal: Circulation (1988)

To determine the essential mechanism of increased systolic wall motion, i.e., hyperkinesis, in a nonischemic region (NIR) during acute ischemia, we simultaneously evaluated global and regional function of the excised, cross-circulated canine left ventricle connected to a volume servo pump before and after coronary occlusion. Regional areas were determined with pairs of orthogonal subendocardial sonomicrometers in the ischemic region (IR) and NIR. After coronary occlusion with left ventricular end-diastolic and stroke volumes kept constant, the amount of systolic area shrinkage (delta A) in NIR increased by 33 +/- 41% (p less than .05), despite a decrease in end-diastolic regional area by 3 +/- 4% (p less than .05). Regional work obtained from the wall tension-regional area (T-A) loop in NIR decreased by 50 +/- 24% due to a similar decrease in afterload despite the presence of hyperkinesis, indicating regional systolic unloading. When left ventricular end-diastolic volume was subsequently increased with a constant stroke volume, delta A in NIR increased at the expense of a further decrease in delta A in IR. The end-systolic T-A relationship in NIR remained unchanged, whereas that in IR markedly shifted rightward, suggesting that the contractile state of NIR was constant. These results indicate that hyperkinesis in NIR during acute ischemia can occur without a utilization of the Frank-Starling mechanism or an enhancement of regional contractile state, and that the essential mechanism of this phenomenon is regional afterload reduction due to an intraventricular mechanical interaction between IR and NIR.
533 ROLE OF MANNOSE-BINDING-LECTIN-GENE-POLYMORPHISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACUTE CELLULAR REJECTION AFTER TRANSPLANTATION FOR HCV-INDUCED LIVER DISEASE
Authors: P. Eurich, S. Boas-Knoop, R. Neuhaus, R. Somasundaram, U.P. Neumann, M. Ruehl, P. Neuhaus, M. Bahra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Associations between exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight in Cambridgeshire, UK: population based, cross sectional study
Authors: T. Burgoine, N. G. Forouhi, S. J. Griffin, N. J. Wareham, P. Monsivais
Journal: BMJ (2014)

To examine the association between environmental exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight, while accounting for home, work place, and commuting route environments.Population based, cross sectional study, using data on individual participants' diet and weight, and objective metrics of food environment exposure.Working adults participating in the Fenland Study, Cambridgeshire, UK (n = 5442, aged 29-62 years), who provided home and work addresses and commuting preferences. Takeaway food outlet exposure was derived using data from local authorities for individual environmental domains (at home, at work, and along commuting routes (the shortest route between home and work)), and for exposure in all three domains combined. Exposure was divided into quarters (Q); Q1 being the least exposed and Q4 being the most exposed.Self reported consumption of takeaway type food (g/day; pizza, burgers, fried foods, and chips) using food frequency questionnaires, measured body mass index, and cut-offs for body mass index as defined by the World Health Organization.In multiple linear regression models, exposure to takeaway food outlets was positively associated with consumption of takeaway food. Among domains at home, at work, and along commuting routes, associations were strongest in work environments (Q4 v Q1; β coefficient = 5.3 g/day, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 8.7; P<0.05), with evidence of a dose-response effect. Associations between exposure in all three domains combined and consumption were greater in magnitude across quarters of exposure (Q4 v Q1; 5.7 g/day, 2.6 to 8.8; P<0.001), with evidence of a dose-response effect. Combined exposure was especially strongly associated with increased body mass index (Q4 v Q1; body mass index 1.21, 0.68 to 1.74; P<0.001) and odds of obesity (Q4 v Q1; odds ratio 1.80, 1.28 to 2.53; P<0.05). There was no evidence of effect modification by sex.Exposure to takeaway food outlets in home, work, and commuting environments combined was associated with marginally higher consumption of takeaway food, greater body mass index, and greater odds of obesity. Government strategies to promote healthier diets through planning restrictions for takeaway food could be most effective if focused around the workplace.
The search for the Holy Grail and the upper airway resistance syndrome. New data are welcome
Authors: A.L. Mena Gutiérrez, D.O. Rodenstein
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Partly supported by grant No. 3.4533.98 for the Belgian “Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Medicale”.

The last half of the last year of the 20th century has witnessed the renaissance of medieval tournaments in the field of sleep-related respiratory medicine 1, 2. The two champions are valiant and fierce. One is a French American, the other a Scot. They fight over words. But words are not, as it could seem at first sight, trivial matters. They are the substance of ideas and concepts, and much blood has been spilled for ideas and concepts in human history. The fight we are referring to is not one of bloodshed. It is a scientific fight, and thus a polite one. What are the words these two champions fight for? Let us try to summarize the arguments of both parties.

One claims that many human beings suffer from a newly described disease state (the upper airway resistance syndrome) that is different to other disease states, and not a variant, form or degree of a previously recognized disease state. He goes on to state that by not recognizing this newly described disease state, not only are these patients denied a well adapted clinical management, but we are all denied the opportunity to gain new knowledge profitable to these, and other, patients 1.

The other contends that these patients suffer from a mild form or degree of a well-known and characterized disease state (the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS)); that nothing special differentiates these patients from the others suffering the same disease state, except precisely the level of severity of the disease, and that the use of new words to describe what is already known will only introduce confusion in the spirit of both patients and nonspecialized physicians and experts 2.

What are they …
Serum C-reactive protein concentrations in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: C R Hind, K C Flint, B N Hudspith, D Felmingham, J Brostoff, N M Johnson
Journal: Thorax (1987)

In a prospective study serum C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in nine patients with "active" pulmonary sarcoidosis (as assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte counts, gallium-67 lung scanning, and serial pulmonary function testing), and in five patients with "inactive" disease. Active pulmonary sarcoidosis was associated either with no rise or with only a modest rise in serum C-reactive protein concentrations. In contrast, serum C-reactive protein concentrations in 12 patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis were considerably raised. Serum C-reactive protein may thus provide a valuable test in the differentiation of sarcoidosis from conditions which it may mimic and which are known to induce an acute phase response.
Psychiatric Disorders with a Biochemical Basis
Authors: Michael J. Schrift
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 September 1998Psychiatric Disorders with a Biochemical BasisMichael J. Schrift, DOMichael J. Schrift, DORush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-6-199809150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Psychiatric Disorders with a Biochemical Basis; Donaldson D. 241 pages. New York: Parthenon; 1998. $45.00. ISBN 11850707898. Order phone 800-735-4744.Field of medicine: Psychiatry.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Psychiatrists and general physicians.Purpose: To educate physicians about the metabolic, endocrinologic, pharmacologic, toxicologic, and nutritional factors underlying psychiatric illness.Content: The book focuses on biochemical abnormalities associated with psychopathologic disease. Topics include basic neurophysiology, neuroendocrinology, clinical chemistry, psychiatric side effects of drugs and other substances, the Munchausen syndrome, laboratory investigation of psychiatric disorders, and neurodevelopmental aspects of psychopathology.Highlights: A wide range of material is covered in only 241 pages, making ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1998Volume 129, Issue 6Page: 511KeywordsAdverse reactionsBiochemistryBrainClinical chemistryNeuroendocrinologyNeurologyNeurophysiologyNutritionPrimary care physiciansResearch laboratories ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Alterations of Choline Phospholipid Metabolism in Endometrial Cancer Are Caused by Choline Kinase Alpha Overexpression and a Hyperactivated Deacylation Pathway
Authors: Sebastian Trousil, Patrizia Lee, David J. Pinato, James K. Ellis, Roberto Dina, Eric O. Aboagye, Hector C. Keun, Rohini Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Metabolic rearrangements subsequent to malignant transformation are not well characterized in endometrial cancer. Identification of altered metabolites could facilitate imaging-guided diagnosis, treatment surveillance, and help to identify new therapeutic options. Here, we used high-resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance mass spectroscopy on endometrial cancer surgical specimens and normal endometrial tissue to investigate the key modulators that might explain metabolic changes, incorporating additional investigations using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, tissue microarrays (TMA), and uptake assays of [(3)H]-labeled choline. Lipid metabolism was severely dysregulated in endometrial cancer with various amino acids, inositols, nucleobases, and glutathione also altered. Among the most important lipid-related alterations were increased phosphocholine levels (increased 70% in endometrial cancer). Mechanistic investigations revealed that changes were not due to altered choline transporter expression, but rather due to increased expression of choline kinase α (CHKA) and an activated deacylation pathway, as indicated by upregulated expression of the catabolic enzymes LYPLA1, LYPLA2, and GPCPD1. We confirmed the significance of CHKA overexpression on a TMA, including a large series of endometrial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma tissues, supporting a role for CHKA in malignant transformation. Finally, we documented several-fold increases in the uptake of [(3)H]choline in endometrial cancer cell lines compared with normal endometrial stromal cells. Our results validate deregulated choline biochemistry as an important source of noninvasive imaging biomarkers for endometrial cancer.
Predictors of general practitioners' workload.
Authors: Y. Ben-Shlomo, I. White
Journal: BMJ (1992)

notice.This would accommodate changes in personal or professional circumstances.Family health services authorities could match skills to jobs.Job sharing and mobility would be facilitated.The whole exercise may be construed as a global job share."Ghettoisation" for either sex would become voluntary rather than imposed by con- sumers.Family health services authorities' skill banks would offer a wider distribution of services and facilitate planning.Benefits would accrue to consumers and practitioners through a wider choice of service and variety of experience, re- spectively.
A double-blind cross-over trial of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in chronic bronchitis
Authors: I. W. Webster
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A double-blind cross-over trial comparing trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole with sulphamethoxazole in patients with chronic bronchitis in their usual state of health showed that the combination was more effective in reducing the volume and purulence of the sputum. Although the patients preferred treatment with the combination, there was no objective improvement in respiratory function. There was a significant incidence of side effects.
Abstract 5406: The CendR pathway: A novel cell penetration and transcytosis pathway regulated by nutrient availability
Authors: Hong-Bo Pang, Gary B. Braun, Tomas Friman, Pedro Aza-Blanc, Manuel E. Ruidiaz, Kazuki N. Sugahara, Tambet Teesalu, Erkki Ruoslahti
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Transport of molecules across the vascular wall, through tissue, and into target cells plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. We previously described a novel class of tumor-targeting peptides (CendR peptides) that penetrate into cells and tumor tissue through an as yet incompletely characterized transport pathway initiated by peptide binding to neuropilin-1 (NRP1). This pathway has shown promise in enhancing drug delivery into tumors. Here we perform a genome-wide RNAi screen to identify components responsible for cell penetration of CendR peptides. We show that the binding of CendR peptides to NRP1 initiates a novel endocytic process that depends on a subset of genes and a transport route distinct from those of known endocytic pathways. Strikingly, we found the internalization of CendR peptides to be controlled by nutrient-sensing and cell growth-regulatory pathways. Nutrient deprivation stimulated the cell penetration and intercellular transport of CendR peptides, both in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest a physiological role for CendR pathway in nutrient sensing and transport. The ability to activate this pathway with peptides provides immediate applications to drug delivery. Citation Format: Hong-Bo Pang, Gary B. Braun, Tomas Friman, Pedro Aza-Blanc, Manuel E. Ruidiaz, Kazuki N. Sugahara, Tambet Teesalu, Erkki Ruoslahti. The CendR pathway: A novel cell penetration and transcytosis pathway regulated by nutrient availability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5406. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5406
Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: J. J. DENIE, A. P. VERHEUGT
Journal: Circulation (1958)

A case of supravalvular aortic stenosis is described. The diagnosis was suspected from pressure curves obtained at retrograde catheterization of the left ventricle. At operation a circular narrowing of the aorta 2 cm. above the valvular ring was seen. No attempt at surgical correction was made; the patient died at the end of the operation.
Surgical removal of an intrauterine device perforating the sigmoid colon: A case report
Authors: Raul Mederos, Lynda Humaran, Donald Minervini
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2007)

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are among the most common contraceptive methods in the world, but have been associated with extrauterine dislocation and bowel perforation. We report a case of an IUD perforation of the sigmoid colon.A 35-year-old woman with complaints of abdominal pain, fever, and diarrhea underwent exploratory laparotomy. During the procedure, a left tubo-ovarian abscess was found as well as an IUD extruding through the uterine cavity with the two wings of the device entirely in the lumen of the sigmoid colon. The patient had total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with resection of the sigmoid colon.This is a report of a symptomatic perforation by an IUD into the sigmoid colon after a period of 10years in situ.
Transcriptional Regulation of Vascular Development
Authors: Peter Oettgen
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Vascular development is a highly organized sequence of events that requires the correct spatial and temporal expression of specific sets of genes leading to the development of a primary vascular network. The first step in this process is the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into endothelial cells. This is followed by endothelial proliferation, migration, and eventual formation of endothelial tubes. Maturation of these primitive tubes into fully developed blood vessels requires the recruitment of surrounding pericytes and their differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells. Many of the events that occur during vasculogenesis are recapitulated during angiogenesis. Transcription factors have been shown to serve as master switches for regulating a number of developmental processes. Using a candidate gene approach, the genomic regulatory regions required to direct vascular-specific gene expression of several receptor tyrosine kinases that are critical for vasculogenesis have been characterized and some of the transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of these genes have recently been identified. Many of these factors are also involved in the regulation of hematopoiesis and may have overlapping functions in determining hematopoietic and endothelial differentiation. Targeted disruption of other transcription factors that were not previously thought to be involved in vascular development have also been recently shown to play a role in blood vessel development. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the progress that has been made in our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of vascular development over the past few years.
Abstract 2258: Cadmium induces autophagy through ROS-dependent activation of the LKB1-AMPK signaling in skin epidermal cells
Authors: Youngok Son, Xianglin Shi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which is environmentally and occupationally relevant. The mechanisms underlying cadmium-induced autophagy are not yet completely understood. The present study shows that cadmium induces autophagy, as demonstrated by the increase of LC3-II formation and the GFP-LC3 puncta cells. The induction of autophagosomes was directly visualized by electron microscopy in cadmium-exposed skin epidermal cells. Blockage of LKB1 or AMPK by siRNA transfection suppressed cadmium-induced autophagy. Cadmium-induced autophagy was inhibited in dominant-negative AMPK-transfected cells, whereas it was accelerated in cells transfected with the constitutively active form of AMPK. mTOR signaling, a negative regulator of autophagy, was downregulated in cadmium-exposed cells. In addition, cadmium generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) at relatively low levels, and caused poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) activation and ATP depletion. Inhibition of PARP by pharmacological inhibitors or its siRNA transfection suppressed ATP reduction and autophagy in cadmium-exposed cells. Furthermore, cadmium-induced autophagy signaling was attenuated by either exogenous addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase, or by overexpression of these enzymes. Consequently, these results suggest that cadmium-mediated ROS generation causes PARP activation and energy depletion, and eventually induces autophagy through the activation of LKB1-AMPK signaling and the down-regulation of mTOR in skin epidermal cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2258. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2258
977-70 Spiral Wave of Excitation as a Mechanism of Functional Reentry in the Isolated Atrium. A New Model of Atrial Reentry
Authors: Takanori Ikeda, Takumi Uchida, Peng-Sheng Chen, John J. Lee, Wei Fan, Dustan Hough, William J. Mandel, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Glycerol-insulin raises circulating insulin antibodies in type I diabetic patients treated with permanently implanted devices
Authors: P. Micossi, G. Galimberti, M.C. Librenti, G. Petrella, N. Dozio, M. Cristallo, J.C. Sodoyez, F. Sodoyez-Goffaux, U. Grau, M. Zoltobrocki, G. Pozza
Journal: Metabolism (1988)
Tachycardia in House Officers Presenting Cases at Grand Rounds
Authors: ARTHUR J. MOSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The average heart rate of 10 house officers who presented cases at grand rounds increased from a base-line value of 73 beats/min to 154 beats/min in the minute before or during case presentation. The magnitude of the sinus tachycardia in response to this form of nonphysical stress was equivalent to moderately vigorous exercise.