tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Fetuin-A Level and Diabetes Risk
Authors: Norbert Stefan
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antioxidant Supplements and Cardiovascular Disease in Men
Authors: John Martin Evans
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treating nicotine addiction
Authors: A. Jain
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Key messages —Nicotine is extremely addictive; it is comparable to cocaine, opiates, and amphetamines. In one study, even heroin users rated cigarettes as their most needed drug. Quitting is possible, and almost half of smokers have quit for at least some time. Half of smokers quit eventually. People who quit decrease their rates of death and illness, including heart disease and cancer, even if they quit late in life. The benefits of quitting late in life are less than quitting when young. Helping patients quit typically involves helping them through many attempts (five to seven, on average). Because most relapses occur within three months of quitting, and half within the first two days, patients need follow up within days, not weeks, of starting treatment.

It is important to warn patients about what they are likely to experience when they try to quit. In particular, they can expect a weight gain …
PWE-295 Thrombin generation is normal in cirrhotics with acute variceal haemorrhage: results from a prospective study
Authors: V Jairath, P Harrison, S Stanworth, J Collier, M Murphy, E Barnes
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Cirrhotics have multifactorial derangements in haemostasis commonly leading to transfusion of blood components for both prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding. Thrombin generation assays have recently demonstrated that the haemostatic balance in stable cirrhotics is preserved, despite the traditional dogma of “auto-anticoagulation”. It is unclear whether variceal bleeding is precipitated by only vascular abnormalities or due also due to deranged coagulation. We determined the thrombin generating capacity of decompensated cirrhotics presenting with acute variceal haemorrhage. <h3>Methods</h3> After ethical approval, blood was drawn from 14 cirrhotic patients on arrival to the Emergency Department with AVH prior to any transfusion of any blood components. 74 compensated, non-bleeding cirrhotics and 30 healthy volunteers were enrolled as comparators. Several components of thrombin generation were assayed with and without Protac<sup>®</sup>, an activator of protein C. The ratio of endogenous thrombin potential with/without Protac<sup>®</sup> (ETP ratio) was used an in index of hypercoagulability. <h3>Results</h3> Cirrhotics with AVH had a lower haemoglobin, platelet count and prolonged prothrombin time in comparison to stable, non-bleeding cirrhotics. Despite these conventional coagulation indices, cirrhotics with AVH had a shorter lagtime (2.7 min vs 2.8 min), time to peak thrombin generation (4.7 min vs 5.2 min), greater peak thrombin generation (376.5 vs 323.4 nM) and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) (2035.9 vs 1682.7 nmol/l) compared to stable, non-bleeding cirrhotics. There was no significant difference in the ETP ratios between cirrhotics with AVH (0.80, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.91), non-bleeding cirrhotics (0.88, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.94) and healthy controls (0.79, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.84). Cirrhotics with AVH demonstrated massive upregulation of the procoagulant factor VIII (306% vs 192%) and downregulation of the anti-coagulants proteins C (44% vs 64%), S (75% vs 87%) and antithrombin (55% vs 72%) in comparison to stable cirrhotics. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The haemostatic balance in decompensated cirrhotics with variceal haemorrhage appears preserved, most likely due to massive upregulation of factor VIII and concomitant down regulation of proteins C, S and antithrombin. These results call into question the utility of conventional coagulation tests to guide replacement of coagulation factors in the form of FFP. Prospective studies using global tests of coagulation to guide therapeutic transfusion of blood components in bleeding cirrhotics are needed. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Incidence of unsuspected fractures in traumatic effusions of the elbow joint.
Authors: D J Morewood
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Dans 35 cas de traumatismes du coude, les premieres radiographies montrent des epanchements mais pas de fracture; les radiographies faites une ou deux semaines plus tard montrent des fractures dans 10 cas sur 35 (dont 2 chez des sujets de moins de 16 ans)
Species differences in metabolism of heterocyclic aromatic amines, human exposure, and biomonitoring.
Authors: R J Turesky, G A Gross, W G Stillwell, P L Skipper, S R Tannenbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are animal carcinogens and suspected human carcinogens which are formed in cooked foods at the low parts per billion level. HAAs in cooked meats were purified by either immunoaffinity chromatography or solid phase tandem extraction, which allowed for the simultaneous analysis of 11 HAAs by HPLC. The metabolism of two prominent HAAs, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), was investigated in animal models and in vitro with human tissues to develop strategies for human biomonitoring. MeIQx and IQ are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rodents and transformed into several detoxification products which are excreted in urine and feces. Metabolites result from cytochrome P450-mediated ring oxidation at the C-5 position followed by conjugation to sulfate or beta-glucuronic acid. Other major metabolites include the phase II conjugates, N2-glucuronide and N2-sulfamate. A metastable N2-glucuronide conjugate of the genotoxic metabolite of N-hydroxy-MeIQx was also detected in urine and bile. The binding of both carcinogens to blood proteins was low and suggests that human biomonitoring through protein adducts may be difficult. These metabolic pathways exist in nonhuman primates and several of these pathways also occur in vitro with human liver. The urinary excretion of MeIQx in seven human subjects following consumption of cooked beef or fish ranged between 2 and 22 ng in 12 hr when determined by negative ion chemical ionization GC-MS. After acid hydrolysis of urine, the amount of MeIQx increased 4- to 10-fold in 6 of the 7 subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The role of a general medical journal
Authors: Joseph Ana
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Good science, good research, and patients will be the victims unless there is a free exchange of health information worldwide. Because doctors practising in countries with theheaviest burden of disease have the least access to medical journals and other forms of health information, and also have the least access to quality undergraduate or specialisttraining, the general medical journals that they are likely to see must carry material that is relevant to all doctors, whether in rich or poor countries.

A general medical journal should publish material that is robust enough scientificallyto help doctors and other health professionals practise medicine better. It should be influential enough to have an impact on health policy. It should carry interesting educational and peer reviewed papers, so that it retains a reputation for excellence. It should help to remove health policies and practices that are not evidence based. While it should carry international research, papers should be relevant and attractive to local medical practitioners. …
Functional and phenotypic characteristics of bronchial epithelial cells obtained by brushing from asthmatic and normal subjects
Authors: A. M. Vignola, P. Chanez, A. M. Campbell, J. Bousquet, F. B. Michel, P. Godard
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Bronchial epithelial cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma releasing several inflammatory mediators such as interleukins and lipoxygenase products. In this study we evaluated the spontaneous and A23128-induced release of 15-HETE, PGE2 and fibronectin as well as the spontaneous expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 molecules by bronchial epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brushing from 35 asthmatic and 27 normal subjects. The release of fibronectin and 15-HETE was studied using the EIA and RIA techniques. The expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 molecules was studied using the APAAP and the immunofluorescence methods. Bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatics released higher amounts of 15-HETE and fibronectin both spontaneously (p < 0.002, p < 0.05, respectively) or after stimulation with calcium ionophore compared with normals. On the other hand, PGE2 release was significantly higher only after stimulation with calcium ionophore (p < 0.002). The spontaneous expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 (p < 0.001) was significantly higher on epithelial cells from asthmatics than in normal subjects. Finally, the severity of asthma significantly correlated with the release of 15-HETE (p < 0.02) and the expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.002, respectively). This study indicates that bronchial epithelial cells are in an activated state in asthma and that the degree of activation is correlated to the severity of the disease.
The Gender Gap in Selection of Cardiac Transplantation Candidates: Bogus or Bias?
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DOES gender bias influence the selection of cardiac transplant recipients? The raw numbers are certainly incriminating: Of the 2700 cardiac transplants performed worldwide in 1992, 81% of the recipients were men. But don't blow the political correctness whistle just yet. A retrospective study at one transplantation center found that 29% of all women accepted as transplant candidates over a 4.5-year period decided against the surgery, while only 9% of the men did. And when all the patients who refused transplantation but were otherwise qualified for the procedure were counted with the group that was accepted, the selection gender bias vanished. "It would appear, based on our preliminary data, that patients enrolled in transplant programs are selected on the basis of medical criteria only," says Keith Aaronson, MD, a research fellow in the division of cardiology at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia. The reason that women end up
Cells, Tissues, and Disease: Principles of General Pathology
Authors: Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Professor Majno is a foremost philosopher-pathologist in the company of Drs Oliver Wendell Holmes, Claude Bernard, Lewis Thomas, and Ruy Pérez-Tamayo. Dr Joris is a productive bioscientist and specialist in inflammatory and vascular phenomena, exemplified in sparkling chapters. Their book is replete with excellent original or borrowed gross and photomicrographs, 27 color plates, x-rays, scans, electron micrographs, immunohistochemical tests, and many outstanding original or adapted diagrams of cells and tissue reactions, graphs, flow charts, and tables that make splendid learning and teaching aids. Some 4500 references are provided, from the time of Hippocrates to the present, quite a few from 1995 and 1996, which takes some doing. Pathobiology examines how and why abnormalities develop, using animal and plant models, cell and tissue cultures, and biologic and biochemical experiments. Philosophers of medicine are rare and to be cherished, for most practicing pathologists have little time to dream. In<i>Cells, Tissues, and</i>
Recurrent vomiting and lethargy in an infant--just another viral illness?
Authors: J. Cheung, M. Sharrard, H. Clements
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An 18 month old girl was admitted to hospital to be investigated for failure to thrive and developmental delay. She presented with a three day history of vomiting, poor fluid intake, and lethargy. She had no fever or associated diarrhoea. She had always been described as a “sickly” child and had often been admitted to hospital, where she was treated for “viral illness.” Her symptoms began at 1 month of age. She had frequent vomiting episodes with no obvious triggers. The episodes usually occurred shortly after feeds. Diarrhoea was sometimes present but she had no associated fever. She grew lethargic during and after these attacks and occasionally was irritable. 

The patient was unable to tolerate solid foods on weaning at age 4 months. Birth had been normal with no perinatal complications, and her immunisations were kept up to date. She reached her developmental milestones up to the age of 10-12 months and then failed to gain new developmental skills. Her weight dropped from the 50th centile at 12 months to below the 0.4th centile at 18 months. Similarly, her height dropped from the 50th centile to below the 9th centile at the same time. Baseline investigations were performed, and full blood count, urea, electrolytes, liver function, thyroid function, bone profile, immunoglobulins, urine dipstick, and stool culture were normal. Ammonia was 191 μmol/l and blood gas values on air were pH 7.4661, partial pressure of carbon dioxide 2.761, and partial pressure of oxygen 22.191.



### 1 What are the differential diagnoses in an infant with recurrent non-specific clinical features, unexplained developmental delay, and failure to thrive?

#### Short answer

The differential diagnoses are metabolic disorder, neglect, coeliac …
Electrical remodeling in ischemia and infarction
Authors: J Pinto
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

This is a review of the electrophysiologic changes occurring at different times following myocardial infarction, both in the infarcted region (substrate) and in areas remote from the infarct. Regulators of channel function which might contribute to re-modeling, including autocrine/paracrine factors involved in ion channel gene regulation, are discussed.
Prediction of 90-day Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in a Prospective European Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Atiqullah Aziz, Matthias May, Maximilian Burger, Rein-Jüri Palisaar, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Hans-Martin Fritsche, Michael Rink, Felix Chun, Thomas Martini, Christian Bolenz, Roman Mayr, Armin Pycha, Philipp Nuhn, Christian Stief, Vladimir Novotny, Manfred Wirth, Christian Seitz, Joachim Noldus, Christian Gilfrich, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Sabine Brookman-May, Patrick J. Bastian, Stefan Denzinger, Michael Gierth, Florian Roghmann
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Splinting vs Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Daniel L. Menkes
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Development of source testing, analytical, and mutagenicity bioassay procedures for evaluating emissions from municipal and hospital waste combustors.
Authors: R R Watts, P M Lemieux, R A Grote, R W Lowans, R W Williams, L R Brooks, S H Warren, D M DeMarini, D A Bell, J Lewtas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Incineration is currently being used for disposal of about 10% of the solid waste generated in the United States, and this percentage will likely increase as land disposal declines. Siting new incinerators, however, is often controversial because of concerns related to the possibility of adverse health effects and environmental contamination from long-term exposure to stack emissions. Specific concerns relate to the adequacies of a) stack emission testing protocols, b) existing regulations, and c) compliance monitoring and enforcement of regulations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency laboratories are cooperatively conducting research aimed at developing new testing equipment and procedures that will allow a more comprehensive assessment of the complex mixture of organics that is present in stack emissions. These efforts are directed specifically toward developing source testing equipment and procedures, analytical procedures, and bioassay procedures. The objectives of this study were to field test two types of high-volume source dilution samplers, collect stack samples for use in developing analytical and mutagenicity bioassay procedures, and determine mutagenicity of organics associated with emission particles from two municipal waste combustors and a hospital waste combustor. Data are presented for particle concentrations and emission rates, extractable organic concentrations and emission rates, and Salmonella (Ames) mutagenic potency and emission rates. The mutagenic emission rates and emission factors are compared to other incinerators and combustion sources.
Determinants of prolonged length of hospital stay after coronary bypass surgery.
Authors: W S Weintraub, E L Jones, J Craver, R Guyton, C Cohen
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The length of hospital stay after coronary surgery was studied in 4,683 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization followed by coronary surgery at Emory University Hospital or Crawford Long Hospital between the years 1981 and 1986. Length of stay after coronary surgery had a median and modal value of 7 days. There was, however, a long statistical tail of patients with a prolonged length of stay extending out to more than 180 days. Prolonged length of stay (greater than 10 days) could be correlated with preprocedural variables such as age, elective versus emergency status, angina class, ejection fraction, and gender. Length of stay increased from a mean of 6.9 +/- 1.4 days under the age of 40 years to 10.9 +/- 12.1 days over the age of 70 years (p less than 0.0001). Length of stay was correlated with the periprocedural variables of wound infection, neurologic event, arrhythmias, pneumonia, postoperative myocardial infarction, mortality, and pericarditis. Length of stay increased from 8.8 +/- 9.6 days without a neurologic event to 21.1 +/- 17.9 days with a neurologic event (p less than 0.0001). Similarly, without a wound infection, the average stay was 8.7 +/- 8.9 days; with a wound infection, the average stay was 32.2 +/- 25.8 days (p less than 0.0001). The correlates of prolonged stay were tested in another population comprising 781 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization followed by coronary artery bypass grafting in 1987. The predictors of prolonged stay in the 1987 population were wound infection, pneumonia, arrhythmias, age, neurologic events, postoperative infarction, and ejection fraction. Thus, length of hospital stay after coronary surgery may be predicted by multiple preprocedural and periprocedural variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New Issues in Geriatric Care
Authors: DAVID H. SOLOMON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

The rapid growth of the elderly population has increased the need for improved geriatric care and prevention of disability. For example, the prevalence and severity of osteoporosis can be reduced significantly by the use of estrogen, with or without added progestin, in postmenopausal women. A common and devastating problem of frail elderly persons is urinary incontinence, most cases of which can be classified without referral for urologic services. Appropriate treatment can improve nearly half of all cases of persistent incontinence. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is effective in guiding the treatment of frail elderly patients and leads to significantly improved outcomes under appropriate conditions. The advent of the teaching nursing home has shed light on the medical problems of elderly residents of nursing homes, including malnutrition, dysregulation of water and electrolyte balance, falling, cognitive and affective illnesses, behavior disturbances, infections, and pathogenic drug use. The future application of advanced technology may revolutionize nursing home care.