tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outpatient Antibiotic Therapy for Osteomyelitis
Authors: Myron S Cohen, David Jay Weber
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The March 28, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>contained an article offering an economic analysis of outpatient therapy for osteomyelitis.<sup>1</sup>This article is now being distributed by representatives of the Smith Klein &amp; French pharmaceutical company for the purpose of encouraging the use of the cephalosporin antibiotic cefonicid (Monocid) in this setting. In their introduction, the authors justify their analysis by noting that "a new... cephalosporin antibiotic, cefonicid sodium, has been shown to be effective in treating osteomyelitis in the outpatient setting." This statement is supported by reference to a clinical trial published in a supplement to<i>Reviews of Infectious Diseases</i>underwritten by Smith Klein &amp; French.<sup>2</sup>This clinical trial examined (in an uncontrolled fashion) cefonicid therapy for osteomyelitis in 15 patients, 12 of whom completed therapy. The investigators in this clinical trial appropriately noted the limitations of their study: small numbers, no comparison group, lack
Depression of bone marrow colony formation in gold-induced neutropenia.
Authors: A Howell, J M Gumpel, R W Watts
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Bone marrow culture in semi-solid agar was used to assess the proliferative activity and the response to sodium aurothiomalate of the myeloid precursor cells from patients during and after recovery from neutropenia associated with the use of this drug. Colony formation was reduced during the neutropenia and returned to normal after recovery. The rheumatoid process itself did not impair colony formation even in patients with Felty's syndrome. Sodium aurothiomalate inhibited colony formation by normal marrow in a dose-dependent manner. Bone marrow colonies from patients who had recovered from neutropenia induced by sodium aurothiomalate were not abnormally sensitive to the inhibitory effect of the drug in vitro. The metabolism of gold is probably altered in a small proportion of patients, which causes high local concentrations within the bone marrow leading directly to marrow depression.
VALIDATION OF VANCOUVER AND CEDARS-SINAI CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANNULAR SIZING GUIDELINES FOR BALLOON-EXPANDABLE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Sumeet Pawar, Matthew Schoenfeld, Amiran Baduashvili, Muhammad A. Haidar, Ryan Kaple, Robert Minutello, Arash Salemi, Karl Krieger, Evelyn Horn, Geoffrey Bergman, Shing-Chiu Wong, Richard Devereux, Dan Kalra, Ran Heo, James Min, Fay Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
“Closing Volume” after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John Collins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A few years ago Mead1 suggested that extensive abnormalities in small airways sufficient to cause impaired gas exchange might remain undetected by conventional tests of airways function. In line with this suggestion, Hales and Kazemi2 used the "closing-volume" test, believed to reflect small-airways function, to study patients who appeared to have uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Of 26 such patients studied in the first two weeks after infarction, 25 had closing volumes at least one standard deviation above normal.Dollfuss, Milic-Emili and Bates,3 in developing the closing-volume test, had confirmed previous observations made by bronchospirometry that during slow inspiration starting from residual . . .
Computerised automatic warnings about drug interactions are now available
Authors: I. H Stockley
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–Duncan Raistrick and colleagues' report about the interaction between methadone and rifampicin is yet another reminder that adverse interactions are not always easy to identify and prevent.1 This particular interaction was first identified over 20 years ago2 yet seems to have been overlooked by whoever first prescribed rifampicin to the patient reported on by the authors.

It is beyond anybody's capacity to remember all the important interactions, and inevitably oversights like this one happen. In this case the patient came to no harm, …
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism augments coronary release of tissue plasminogen activator in hypertensive patients
Authors: Tetsuya Matsumoto, Kazuo Minai, Hajime Horie, Naoto Ohira, Hiroyuki Takashima, Yasuhiro Tarutani, Y.o Yasuda, Tomoya Ozawa, Shinro Matsuo, Masahiko Kinoshita, Minoru Horie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Inactivation of Notch1 in immature thymocytes does not perturb CD4 or CD8 T cell development
Authors: Anita Wolfer, Talitha Bakker, Anne Wilson, Michael Nicolas, Vassilios Ioannidis, Dan R. Littman, Christopher B. Wilson, Werner Held, H. Robson MacDonald, Freddy Radtke
Journal: Nature Immunology (2001)
John Horatio Swan
Authors: A. Sargent
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Ealing (b 1915; q Middlesex Hospital, London, 1939), died on 1 March 2003 following a stroke.

After military service John joined an established practice in Ealing, where he remained in partnership for more than 40 years. He undertook additional duties at the King Edward Memorial Hospital and Wormwood Scrubs prison. As a young Royal Army Medical Corps officer, John had served in the liberated concentration camps and had a strong sense of compassion and justice. He had a passion for opera and a tremendous knowledge and experience of the artists and repertoire. Predeceased by his wife, Diana, he leaves three children.
Adjuvant Therapy for Gastric Cancer: How Negative Results Can Help Patients
Authors: S. S. Ellenberg, W. Sun
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2007)

Debate about the benefits of chemotherapy as an adjunct to potentially curative surgery in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer has extended over the past several decades. There have been many negative studies, interspersed with a few positive ones; metaanalyses have suggested a small benefit of adjuvant therapy, but the widely varying regimens and populations of the studies included in these meta-analyses have limited their impact on this study design. Recently, however, two large randomized controlled studies in the United States and Europe have provided more persuasive evidence that adjunctive and/or neoadjuvant therapy can contribute to the elimination of micrometastatic and increased survival ( 1 , 2 ), but there remains substantial room for further improvement of outcomes. In this issue of the Journal, Cascinu et al. ( 3 ) report on a study designed before the completion and reporting of the positive studies mentioned above. Their paper reprises a sadly familiar refrain in oncology drug development: a regimen shown to be promising in preliminary studies provides no improvement over a more “standard” and less intensive regimen when studied in a carefully designed and conducted randomized trial. The study of Cascinu et al. ( 3 ), conducted from 1998 to 2003, was designed to compare chemotherapy with an 8-week course of PELFw (weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m 2 , leucovorin [LV] 250 mg/m 2 , epidoxorubicin 35 mg/m 2 , 5-fl uorouracil [5-FU] 500 mg/m 2 , and glutathione 1500 mg/m 2 ) with 6 months of 5-FU/LV (5-day course of LV 20 mg/m 2 and 5-FU 375 mg/m 2
Microsteatosis may not interact with macrosteatosis in living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Sangbin Han, Sang Yun Ha, Cheol-Keun Park, Jae-Won Joh, Choon Hyuck D Kwon, Ghee Young Kwon, Gaabsoo Kim, Mi Sook Gwak, Woo Kyoung Jeong, Justin S Ko
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Mario Rizzetto, Nicholas C. Tassopoulos, Robert D. Goldin, Rafael Esteban, Teresa Santantonio, E. Jenny Heathcote, Marco Lagget, Namrata K. Taak, Mary A. Woessner, Stephen D. Gardner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma
Authors: John M. Seelig, Donald P. Becker, J. Douglas Miller, Richard P. Greenberg, John D. Ward, Sung C. Choi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

To discover which factors contributed to recovery after surgical intracranial decompression, we reviewed the records of 82 consecutive comatose patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) who were treated in a single center under a uniform protocol. The delay from injury to operation was the factor of greatest therapeutic importance. Patients who underwent surgery within the first four hours had a 30 per cent mortality rate, as compared with 90 per cent in those who had surgery after four hours (P<0.0001). Other important prognostic variables included results of the initial neurologic examination, sex, multimodality-evoked potentials, and postoperative intracranial pressure (ICP). If all patients with traumatic ASDH were taken directly to hospitals equipped to diagnose and remove the hematoma within four hours of injury, mortality rates could be reduced considerably. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:1511–8.)
Growth and Nutrition in Treated Phenylketonuric Patients
Authors: Betty S. Sutherland
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Nutritional, clinical, and laboratory data collected over a period of years were examined to explain growth rate changes in children treated for phenylketonuria. The data suggest that periods of inconstant growth, associated clinical symptoms, and elevations of serum phenylalanine levels were related to an imbalance between essential amino acids in a commercial, low-phenylalanine, protein substitute (Lofenalac) and phenylalanine in natural food sources. Growth stability, clinical well-being, and stable levels of serum phenylalanine were obtained by providing both the protein substitute in amounts adequate to meet the recommended protein requirement for growth, and sufficient phenylalanine from natural sources to balance the other essential amino acids in the protein substitute.
The Effect of DPT-1 Intravenous Insulin Infusion and Daily Subcutaneous Insulin on Endogenous Insulin Secretion and Postprandial Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Wei Hao, Carla J. Greenbaum, Jeffrey P. Krischer, David Cuthbertson, Jennifer B. Marks, Jerry P. Palmer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of parenteral insulin therapy on endogenous insulin secretion in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the parenteral insulin arm of DPT-1, subjects without diabetes at high risk of future type 1 diabetes randomized to active treatment received a yearly 4-day intravenous insulin infusion (IV-I) and daily subcutaneous insulin (SC-I). To examine the effects of these insulin therapies on endogenous insulin secretion, C-peptide and glucose levels were compared during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed on and off IV-I and SC-I. Forty-six paired OGTTs were performed in 30 subjects from DPT-1 to determine the effect of IV-I. Twenty paired OGTTs were performed in 15 subjects from DPT-1 to determine the effect of SC-I. RESULTS IV-I suppressed fasting and OGTT-stimulated C-peptide (62% and 40%, respectively), and it significantly lowered fasting glucose (67.4 ± 4.5 mg/dL during IV-I vs. 90.9 ± 1.8 mg/dL off insulin; P &amp;lt; 0.05). By contrast, post-OGTT glucose levels were significantly higher during IV-I: Glucose during IV-I versus off insulin at 120 min was 203.9 ± 15.1 vs. 151.6 ± 10.2 mg/dL, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05); 49% of OGTTs became transiently diabetic (&amp;gt;200 mg/dL at 120 min) when receiving IV-I. Fasting glucose was significantly lower when receiving SC-I versus when off insulin (85 ± 3 vs. 94 ± 2 mg/dL, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05), but SC-I did not significantly alter fasting or OGTT-stimulated C-peptide compared with being off insulin. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the IV-I used in the DPT-1 markedly suppressed endogenous insulin secretion, which was frequently associated with postprandial glucose intolerance. SC-I, however, did not.
Birth Statistics in The Netherlands
Authors: J. Idenburg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  With reference to the report How Is a Nation's Health Level Measured? (JAMA189:321 [July 27] 1964), I would draw attention to the fact that the difference in reporting of data for the Netherlands is not stated correctly. Since legal provisions concerning the registration of births were laid down in this country (Civil Code, 1838), vital statistics have distinguished whether a child was alive or deadat the moment ofregistration of birth. This means that in the vital statistics the latter mentioned group included the stillborn and the children born alive but deceased before registration. Since Jan 1, 1924, however, children who died before registration have been included in birth statistics asborn aliveand have later been included as deceased in the general mortality and the infant mortality statistics. The others registered as dead have, since 1924, been classified in vital statistics as stillborn.
Hillingdon country Hospital 1930-3
Authors: R G Macbeth
Journal: BMJ (1993)

In November 1930 I had failed my first attempt at the FRCS and was on the unemployed list in the dean's office at King's College Hospital.He offered me a temporary job as assistant medical officer at Hillingdon Hospital near Uxbridge.The hospital had been a poor law infirmary and had recently been taken over by Middlesex county council, which planned
Prolonged survival of an HIV‐infected patient with plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity
Authors: George Panos, Efthymia A. Karveli, Ourania Nikolatou, Matthew E. Falagas
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Plasmablastic lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma that is mainly observed in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and it tends to arise in the oral cavity. We present a case of an HIV‐infected patient with plasmablastic lymphoma with prolonged survival. The 30‐yr‐old woman was found to have an oral lesion at the time of the diagnosis of HIV infection. Histological and immunochemical examination of biopsy of the oral lesion showed plasmablastic lymphoma (CD138+). She received two cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone (CHOP) that started 10 weeks after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The continuing pancytopenia and an adenoviral febrile infection did not permit further antineoplastic treatment. A gradual decrease of the oral lesion was noted after the second cycle of chemotherapy that led to the disappearance of the lesion 7 months later. The patient remains in complete remission 61 months after the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review: Enteral nutrition reduces mortality, multiple organ failure, and systemic infection more than TPN in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Shahnaz Sultan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club20 July 2010Review: Enteral nutrition reduces mortality, multiple organ failure, and systemic infection more than TPN in acute pancreatitisShahnaz Sultan, MD, MHSc, Chris E. Forsmark, MDShahnaz Sultan, MD, MHScUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.S., C.E.F.)Search for more papers by this author, Chris E. Forsmark, MDUniversity of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.S., C.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-2-201007200-02006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAl-Omran M, Albalawi ZH, Tashkandi MF, Al-Ansary LA. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition for acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;(1):CD002837. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20091534Clinical Impact RatingsHospitalists: Gastroenterology: References1 Sun X, Briel M, Walter SD, Guyatt GH. Is a subgroup effect believable? Updating criteria to evaluate the credibility of subgroup analyses. BMJ. 2010;340:c117. [PMID: 20354011] Google Scholar2 Forsmark CE, Baillie J, AGA Institute Clinical Practice and Economics Committee, AGA Institute Governing Board. AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2022-44. [PMID: 17484894] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Shahnaz Sultan, MD, MHSc; Chris E. Forsmark, MDAffiliations: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (S.S., C.E.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 July 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLuzhou‐Feier powder reduces inflammatory response and improves intestinal immune barrier in rats with severe acute pancreatitisMicrobial Endocrinology in the Pathogenesis of Infectious DiseaseMicrobial Endocrinology in the Pathogenesis of Infectious DiseaseLonger Hospitalization of Patients with Positive Blood Cultures Receiving Total Parenteral Nutrition 20 July 2010Volume 153, Issue 2Page: JC1-6KeywordsAcute pancreatitisLigamentsMortalityMultiple organ dysfunction syndromeNumber needed to treatNutritionPancreatitisPatientsRelative riskTotal parenteral nutrition ePublished: 20 July 2010 Issue Published: 20 July 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mechanism of activation of coagulation factor XI by factor XIIa studied with monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: H Akiyama, D Sinha, F S Seaman, E P Kirby, P N Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The interaction of Factor XIIa with Factor XI was investigated using two monoclonal antibodies, one (3Cl) directed against the heavy chain of Factor XIa and the other (5F4) against its light chain. 3C1 either as intact IgG or as Fab' fragment, enhanced the rate of Factor XIa generation in the fluid phase but inhibited it in the presence of kaolin and high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen. In contrast, the Fab' fragments of 5F4 inhibited only the fluid phase activation and had no effect on the surface-mediated activation. 3C1 was found to block the binding of Factor XI to HMW kininogen, whereas 5F4 did not. We conclude: a domain on the heavy chain region of Factor XI is essential for binding to HMW kininogen and for optimal surface-mediated activation by Factor XIIa; and binding of 3C1 to Factor XI changes its conformation rendering it a more favorable substrate for Factor XIIa in the fluid phase.
Adherence with topical treatment is poor compared with adherence with oral agents: Implications for effective clinical use of topical agents
Authors: Jennifer Krejci-Manwaring, Martha Ann McCarty, Fabian Camacho, Christie L. Carroll, Katherine Johnson, Janeen Manuel, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Jennifer Hartle, Alan Fleischer, Steven R. Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2006)
Gastric Polypectomy Through the Gastroscope
Authors: R. L. Hargrove
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The application of fiberoptics to gastroenterologic diagnosis and the advances achieved have been amply documented.<sup>1-3</sup>The removal of polyps through the colonoscope has also been reported. In the past seven months, we have removed 12 polyps from 9 patients via either the gastrointestinal fiberscope or the poly-directional fiberoptic panendoscopes. The patients have ranged in age from 29 through 81 years and the polyps have ranged in size from 0.8 to 3 cm in diameter. To date, there have been no complications. The cautery device used was an electrosurgical unit with settings at 30-35 for both coagulation and cutting with the current selector on 3 (marked hemostasis). Proper grounding is essential. <h3>Example.—</h3> An 81-year-old myxedematous woman was found to have gastric polyps and a hiatal hernia by roentgenogram. Her hemoglobin level was 9 gm/100 ml. One month later, gastroesophagoscopy revealed three adenomatous polyps, each on a stalk
When You Cannot Be Right
Authors: John Archer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ELSEWHERE in this issue (p 2520), Dene T. Walters, MD, acknowledges without fundamental dissent that language changes, but he deplores some of the forms and processes of change, particularly in pronunciation. While I am less annoyed than he by some of his specific examples, I share his general sentiments. I do not believe that Dr Walters can validly contend that processes ending with a long<i>e</i>is not even a word; standard dictionaries recognize it as an acceptable alternate pronunciation. I know of no firm rule regarding the plural of abscess. Surely, however, a perversion is eroding our culture when dictionaries come to accept, as they do, the pronunciation of centimeter as if the speaker were snoring. The plain affectation of a few people a few decades ago came to be regarded as the norm by numerous others and now has been accorded respectability by those who knew better all
326 A NEW NON INVASIVE INDEX (MAR-C) TO IDENTIFY SIGNIFICANT FIBROSIS IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C. A COHORT OF 1088 PATIENTS
Authors: J.A. Carrión, S. Coll, M. García, M. Busto, G. Aguilar, N. Cañete, M. Garcia-Retortillo, I. Cirera, C. Márquez, M.D. Giménez, F. Bory, R. Sola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Unwrapping the Journal
Authors: S. Butterworth
Journal: BMJ (1954)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To evaluate if there are differences in lung cancer incidence between socioeconomic groups in the Netherlands and if so, if smoking habits and other lifestyle characteristics could explain these differences. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study. Baseline measurement included information on socioeconomic status, smoking habits, and other covariates by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Follow up was established by computerised record linkage to cancer registries and a pathology register. SETTING--Population originating from 204 municipalities in The Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS--58,279 men aged 55-69 years in September 1986. After 3.3 years of follow up 490 microscopically confirmed incident lung cancer cases were detected. MAIN RESULTS--An inverse association between lung cancer risk and highest level of education was found, which persisted after adjustment for age, smoking, dietary intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol (rate ratio (RR) highest/lowest level of education = 0.52, 95% CI 0.33, 0.82, trend p &lt; 0.001). Men with a lower white collar profession had a significantly lower relative rate of lung cancer compared with blue collar workers (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47, 0.96), but after adjustment for smoking habits this difference was reduced (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.51, 1.08). CONCLUSIONS--There is an inverse association between highest level of education and lung cancer, which is still apparent after adjustment for age, smoking, dietary intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene and retinol. The significantly lower lung cancer risk of lower white collar workers compared with the risk of blue collar workers could be partially explained by smoking habits.
Diabetic Management in Patients with Renal Failure
Authors: Janet A Amico, Irwin Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The management of diabetes in patients with renal disease requires understanding of the multiple changes in carbohydrate metabolism that accompany renal failure. A decrease in insulin requirements may occur due to changes in insulin clearance or insulin metabolism. With the onset of uremia, a peripheral resistance to insulin action develops that often requires increased insulin administration, and this resistance can be expected to improve with adequate dialysis. Hypoglycemia may occur as a result of decreased gluconeogenesis, excessive insulin action, or decreased caloric intake. Thus, the treatment of diabetes in the settings of renal failures involves anticipation of changes in insulin sensitivity and insulin dosages. An overall management plan that coordinates diet, insulin, and dialysis where appropriate is most likely to yield optimum diabetic care.
Cellular immunity to a lung homogenate in asymptomatic cigarette smokers Dili, J R., Fox, R. A., Landrigan, P. L., Macsween, J. M., Osborn, D. C., Rajaraman, R., and Johsenhaus, W. T.: Clin. Allergy 8:321, 1978
Authors: None BS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1978)