tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Spectrum of Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: H. J. C. SWAN, JAMES S. FORRESTER, GEORGE DIAMOND, KANU CHATTERJEE, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Despite the recent accumulation of a large hemodynamic data base describing myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, precise characterization of patient subsets has been elusive. This paper represents an attempt to identify the major factors contributing to this wide hemodynamic spectrum, and their interrelation using a theoretical model based upon currently emerging concepts of this disease. It is proposed that the hemodynamic alterations associated with acute infarction are a consequence both of reduction in contractile mass and alteration in left ventricular compliance. In addition, mitral insufficiency, altered contractility, and the peripheral circulation interact to produce wide divergence between clinical and hemodynamic features from case to case and during the progression of the course of the illness. This model may more rationally explain the genesis and natural history of "heart failure" and the "shock syndrome" associated with acute myocardial infarction and in addition explain the extremely variable responses to both drug therapy and to more aggressive modes of treatment of power failure.
Anaesthesia in Sickle-cell States: A Plea for Simplicity
Authors: K. A. Oduro, J. F. Searle
Journal: BMJ (1972)

505 patients with various haemoglobinopathies were given a general anaesthetic between January 1970 and February 1972. One patient with haemoglobin SC disease and one patient with sickle-cell trait (HbAS) died postoperatively. Four other patients who were sickling positive, but whose genotypes were unknown, died, one from sickle-cell crisis precipitated by haemorrhage. A simple anaesthetic technique together with good postoperative care can provide safe general anaesthesia for patients with sickle-cell states. A plea is made for simplicity in the anaesthetic management of these patients.
Abstract 4684: Synthetic lethal interaction between EGFR and PARP inhibition
Authors: Alexander Whitley, Somaira Nowsheen, Tiffiny Cooper, Albert LoBuglio, James Bonner, Eddy S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Dysregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family is a hallmark of many cancers. Although targeting of EGFR family has improved outcomes, many patients ultimately fail this therapy. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have gained recent attention due to their unique selectivity in killing homologous recombination (HR)-deficient tumors while maintaining minimal toxicity in normal tissues. We have previously shown that EGFR inhibition induces synthetic lethality with PARPi in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in vitro by attenuating DNA repair pathways. In this study, we validated these observations in vivo in HNSCCs xenografts. Importantly, we also tested this strategy in other EGFR dysregulated cancers. Methods: Cervical, breast, and head and neck cancer cell lines were used in this study. DNA damage and repair were assessed by immunofluorescence staining of cells for γ-H2AX, Rad51, and DNA-Pk foci and/or chromosomally integrated HR and nonhomologous end-joining based GFP reporter assays. Cell viability was determined via colony formation and ATPlite assays. Tumor growth delay was assessed in mice bearing tumor xenografts. Results: Combined EGFR and PARP inhibition resulted in the greatest tumor growth delay versus either agent alone in mice bearing head and neck tumor xenografts (9 week tumor growth delay when compared to PARPi alone, 3 week tumor growth delay when compared to EGFR inhibitor alone). This correlated with persistent γ-H2AX foci indicative of unresolved DNA damage. Interestingly, this combination was also effective in other EGFR dysregulated tumors. Human cervical and breast cancer cells exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity with EGFR and PARP inhibition compared to either agent alone (80-99% cytotoxicity with combination vs 0-20% with either agent alone). Similar to head and neck cancer, susceptibility to PARPi induced by EGFR inhibition was associated with deficient NHEJ- and HR-mediated DNA repair and subsequent persistence of DNA damage. Conclusions: Thus, by generating a DNA repair deficit, EGFR inhibition can induce synthetic lethality with PARP inhibition. This can be an innovative treatment strategy for tumors with dysregulated EGFR signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4684. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4684
Electronic prescribing needed in hospitals to monitor use of antibiotics
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

s health secretary, has said that some Muslim GPs may be divulging details of the sexual health of female Muslim patients to family members.Her comments drew an angry response from Muslim GPs, who said that her claims were based only on anecdotal evidence.However, Mrs Hewitt, who represents a constituency in Leicester with a large ethnic minority community, said, "I have had Muslim women give me chapter and verse on very distressing breaches of confidentiality by Muslim GPs."Some women patients in some Muslim communities are feeling they can't trust their own GP, who is from the same community and knows their extended family."If they go for particular situations, such as a sexual health problem or domestic violence, they fear they will share that information with other members of the family or community."Mrs Hewitt made her comments in an interview with the magazine for GPs Pulse (29 Mar, p 2).Vijoy Singh, chairman of the Leicestershire and Rutland local medical committee, which covers Ms Hewitt's constituency, said, "No GP would break confidentiality, because if they break it they are liable to be sued.She's out of touch."Mrs Hewitt cited a report published in November last year by the Muslim Women's Network, which was based on conversations with Muslim women throughout the country, as further evidence of her concerns.The report, She Who Disputes (www.thewnc.org.uk/pubs/shewhodisputesnov06.pdf),noted: "Health services were criticised for being insensitive and there was repeated concern that GPs from within the community could not be trusted to maintain patient confidentiality." Hewitt says some Muslim GPs breach confidentialityUK NEWS Safety agency prioritises better use of anticoagulants, p714 World NEWS drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� drugs are as goo�� as ���� in stable coronary artery ��isease, stu��y s�o�s, p71� , p71� bmj.com o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or� o�for�� ra��cliffe �ospitals tol�� to impro�e team�or�
Relationship Between Chronic Hypercapnia and Inspiratory-Muscle Weakness in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: PAUL BÉGIN, JEAN MATHIEU, JOSÉ ALMIRALL, ALEJANDRO GRASSINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We studied 134 patients with Steinert's myotonic dystrophy (MD) in order to determine the prevalence of chronic hypercapnia, the level of muscle weakness and forced expiratory volume at which hypercapnic respiratory failure is likely to occur, and how clinical assessment might help predict hypercapnic respiratory failure. Subjects were divided into five classes with a muscular disability rating scale (MDRS): 0 = no clinical impairment (n = 9), I = minimal signs of impairment (n = 11), II = distal weakness (n = 41), III = moderate proximal weakness (n = 62), and IV = nonambulatory (n = 11). The prevalence of hypercapnia (PaCO2 ⩾ 43 mm Hg) was found to be 0%, 27%, 29%, 45% and 55% for MDRS 0 to 4, respectively (p = 0.03). A multiple regression analysis limited to clinical data showed that daytime hypersomnolence was a significant cofactor with the MDRS (p = 0.01) in predicting PaCO2 (r = 0.40). Among respiratory parameters, FVC, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and maximal inspiratory pressure against occluded airways (Pi max) were found to be predictors of nearly equal strength, explaining 16%, 15%, and 14% of the PaCO2 variance, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, sex, daytime sleepiness, and the expected/observed FVC ratio for a given RMS were found to be significant cofactors with Pi max in predicting PaCO2 (r = 0.51). It is concluded that respiratory insufficiency should be suspected in MD patients with proximal weakness or daytime sleepiness. The likelihood of hypercapnia also increases with volume restriction and respiratory muscle weakness. Our study suggests that the combination of inspiratory muscle weakness and loading plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of chronic alveolar hypoventilation in MD patients. The occurrence of daytime hypersomnolence suggests that other factors, such as low central ventilatory drive or sleep apnea, might play an additional role.
William James on Phantom Limbs
Authors: Simon S. Olshansky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN 1887 William James reported to the American Society for Psychial Research his study of 185 persons after amputations, his interest in this subject being no doubt stimulated by the fact that his father had had a midthigh amputation. It may seem strange today that a professor of philosophy should probe into so unphilosophical a matter as phantom pain, but it is pertinent to recall that James was an assistant professor of physiology before he began his pursuit of philosophy.James, in this report, noted that three fourths of the persons studied had sensations referred to the lost part, some . . .
Age‐dependent variation in the cytosol/membrane distribution of red cell protein kinase‐C
Authors: M. Ramachandran, E. C. Abraham
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract An age‐dependent increase in membrane association of protein kinase‐c and a decrease in the cytosolic enzyme, especially in the densest fraction rich in sensescent red cells was observed in Stractan‐gradient‐separated normal erythrocytes.
A conference without a programme
Authors: I. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ienjoy art galleries, but I have a snobbish antipathy to guided tours and I cannot bear to be in the same room as a painting by Francis Bacon. So, there I was last June trapped among strangers on a guided tour of Oslo's Astrup Fearnley Museum in a room replete with Francis Bacons. In other circumstances I would have walked away but, as I felt obliged to stay, I began slowly to confront the distorted anguish in the paintings. I began to see parallels with the process of acknowledging the pain and anguish in the life of the patient sitting across the desk in general practice. I was forced to reflect and I began to learn. It was the first night of the second “learning in medicine” conference and it set the tone for the whole event. It was to be a conference without a programme, which brought medical teachers together to learn, simply by reflecting on their own experience of both learning and teaching.

Three full conference days followed. Each started with one or two short keynote addresses designed to provide ideas to trigger discussion and thought. All the rest of the time was given over to parallel workshops. Leaders and topics for the first day had been prearranged but thereafter the programme was blank and we …
Hereditary Progressive Atrioventricular Conduction Defect: A New Syndrome?
Authors: Henry T. Lynch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Hereditary Progressive Atrioventricular Conduction Defect: A New Syndrome?Henry T. Lynch, M.D., Anne J. Krush, M.S., Syed Mohiuddin, M.D.Henry T. Lynch, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Anne J. Krush, M.S.Search for more papers by this author, Syed Mohiuddin, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-866_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMost reports on familial heart block note that the lesion was usually manifested completely at birth and was generally restricted to siblings, although familial conduction defects in three (and possibly four) generations were reported by Gazes and associates in 1965.A family in which several members in two generations have shown progressive atrioventricular conduction defect is reported. The proband was shown to have a first-degree AV block at age 34, which progressed to complete heart block at age 38. Right and left heart catheterization and coronary angiography showed no evidence of organic heart disease. Two siblings of the proband have... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Omaha, Nebr. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 866-866KeywordsAngiographyBirthCardiovascular therapyCatheterizationCoronary heart diseaseHeartLesions Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TCT-850 Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Versus Angiography-Guided Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: Meta-analysis of 3 Randomized Trials and 14 Observational Studies Involving 26,503 Patients
Authors: Jung-Min Ahn, Young-Rak Cho, Soo-Jin Kang, Young-Hak Kim, Won-Jang Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seung-Whan Lee, Jong-Young Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Duk-Woo Park, Hyo In Choi, Hanul Choi, Hyun Kuk Kim, Pil Hyung Lee, Jae Hyung Roh, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Medical agency suspends aid in Dagestan after kidnapping
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

International medical relief organisation Medecins Sans Frontiares has had to suspend its activities in the Caucasian states of Dagestan and Ingushetia after the kidnapping of one of its regional coordinators.

Dutch aid worker Peter-Arjan Erkel has been head of mission of the Swiss branch of Medecins Sans Frontiares in Makhachkala in Dagestan since April. His car was intercepted on 12 August as he returned home, and …
Re: Hans-Martin Fritsche, Maximilian Burger, Robert S. Svatek et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Clinical T1 Grade 3 Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Radical Cystectomy: Results from an International Cohort. Eur Urol 2010;57:300–9
Authors: Athanasios G. Papatsoris, Iraklis Mitsogiannis, Charalambos Deliveliotis
Journal: European Urology (2009)
THE MEDICAL VIEW OF THE MENOPAUSE
Authors: TREVOR OWEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1945)

This then is the medical view of the menopausal epoch which transforms the physical and psychic personality of an individual. It is a series of regressions in those functions of growth and maturation which appeared at puberty and are now in a certain way reversing themselves. When problems do arise it is because the new changes are not moulding themselves harmoniously and evenly. The normal menopause like normal puberty is evolutionary, but the abnormal has become revolutionary, until the many facets of the new biochemistry settle into that new compromise governmental arrangement which is the altered person. We need to know and to be able to measure and record simultaneously all the various stimuli and hormones coming from and going to the hypothalamic region. Until we can do this and have potent substances to use, we cannot expect to make good the deficiencies or to suppress or counterbalance the excesses of deteriorating irritable tissues in order to relieve the discomforts which go with them. We can do these things in diabetes, because we have insulin; in myxædema and in toxic adenoma, because we have a potent substance in desiccated thyreoid, and we can remove a toxic adenoma. Of course, these are early days of endocrine chemistry. In the menopause, at this date, we have to leave the patient's chemical processes largely to their own devices. And so the most important treatment to follow, as in many other uncomfortable episodes of living, is psychotherapy. This is really explanation plus discipline. As ever, the way to do this successfully is to have a knowledge of your subject which entitles you to speak with conviction, to be sincerely sympathetic and to talk in common-sense terms about the present and the future—not the past. One must take time to do it; for an hour spent on positive and purposeful psychotherapy will save a great many hours later on—perhaps by someone else. It is helpful to give a small dose of phenobarbital three times a day; bromides are not as good.
Locating the Elderly in a General Practice
Authors: J. A. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A preliminary survey undertaken before compiling a geriatric register showed that about 90% of the information on the practice files for patients over 65 was accurate. It is emphasized that such a register-which should be as accurate and up-to-date as possible-is important for the successful organization of a preventive geriatric clinic, or to any project designed to "screen" a defined population.
Tumoricidal activity of human monocytes activated in vitro by free and liposome-encapsulated human lymphokines.
Authors: E S Kleinerman, A J Schroit, W E Fogler, I J Fidler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors obtained by separation on a Percoll gradient were incubated with free or liposome-entrapped lymphokines produced from concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes and then were tested for cytotoxic activity against tumor cells. The treated monocytes lysed tumorigenic melanoma and glioblastoma target cells, but had no effect on three types of nontumorigenic target cells. The activation of monocytes to become tumoricidal was caused by macrophage-activating factor (MAF) and not by contamination with endotoxins, concanavalin A, or interferon. The endocytosis of liposomes containing MAF, but not of those containing control supernatants, led to the activation of cytotoxic properties in the monocytes. Activation by liposome-encapsulated MAF was very efficient and required less than 1/800th of the amount of free MAF necessary to achieve the same levels of cytotoxicity. Thus, the encapsulation of mitogen-induced MAF in liposomes could provide an effective approach for the activation of blood monocytes in situ.
Cdkn1a deletion improves stem cell function and lifespan of mice with dysfunctional telomeres without accelerating cancer formation
Authors: Aaheli Roy Choudhury, Zhenyu Ju, Meta W Djojosubroto, Andrea Schienke, Andre Lechel, Sonja Schaetzlein, Hong Jiang, Anna Stepczynska, Chunfang Wang, Jan Buer, Han-Woong Lee, Thomas von Zglinicki, Arnold Ganser, Peter Schirmacher, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, K Lenhard Rudolph
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Detection of Pulmonary Emboli and Associated Right Heart Dysfunction by Combining Ventilation Perfusion Lung Scanning and Xenon Ventriculography
Authors: LOREN KETAI, PHILIP WIEST, NANCY WOLF, BRAD JONES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Purpose The authors sought to determine if the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), as measured by xenon ventriculography, is depressed in patients with pulmonary emboli. The authors also sought to correlate any decrement in RVEF with the extent of lung perfusion defects. Materials and Methods The authors identified all patients who had lung ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scans between January 1994 and December 1996, that were interpreted as high probability for pulmonary embolism. From these patients, the authors selected those who had undergone concurrent xenon ventriculography (XV)(n = 23), and then reprocessed the initial ventriculography data for confirmation. The authors also reviewed original V/Q scans, chest radiographs, and clinical data. A control group was drawn from patients with normal V/Q scans who had undergone XV. Results Fifteen patients (65%) with high probability V/Q scans had an abnormally low RVEF (<.32). Patients with high probability V/Q scans also had a significantly lower mean RVEF (0.28 ± .08) than patients with normal V/Q scans (.39 ± .08 SD). The degree of RVEF decline correlated poorly with the number of segmental perfusion defects (r = -.39) Conclusions RVEF is often depressed in patients with high probability V/Q scans. XV can identify these patients, while routine lung V/Q scans cannot.
17β-estradiol levels during an entire menstrual cycle in response to adult stature and insulin, of possible importance for breast cancer risk. The EBBA-I study.
Authors: S Espetvedt, A Emaus, S Tretli, G Jasienska, P Ellison, A Furberg, E Wist, I Thune
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4078 Background: The normal breast cells develop into malignant cells as a result of a complex interplay between genetic, environmental, nutritional and hormonal factors. Attained adult stature and insulin levels, risk factors for breast cancer, may also vary in response to the same factors. Thus, we hypothesize that 17β-estradiol, a key factor in the carcinogenesis of the breast, may vary in response to adult height in combination with insulin levels of possible importance of breast cancer risk.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Among 204 healthy women, aged 25-35 years who participated in the Norwegian EBBA-I study, 17β-estradiol concentrations were measured in daily saliva samples throughout one entire menstrual cycle using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Attained height (cm) was measured, and serum concentrations of insulin were determined in fasting blood samples. The associations between adult height, insulin and 17β-estradiol levels throughout a menstrual cycle were studied using multivariate linear regression analyses and linear mixed models for repeated measures. Adjustments for potential confounding factors were performed.&amp;#x2028; Results: A 37.2 % increase in 17β-estradiol levels was observed during the entire menstrual cycle among women with an adult height ≥170 cm (upper tertile) and insulin levels ≥ 90 pmol/L (upper tertile) compared to women with the same attained adult height, and insulin levels &amp;lt; 90pmol/L. The association was even more pronounced when we looked into those women with attained adult height ≥170 cm (upper tertile) and serum insulin ≥ 101 pmol/L (upper quartile) (Fig. 1). Adjustments for potential confounding factors were performed.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Our findings support that premenopausal levels of 17β-estradiol vary in response to adult height and insulin levels, suggesting that women who become taller are put at risk for higher estradiol levels throughout the entire menstrual cycle when their insulin levels rise, of possible importance for breast cancer risk. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4078.