tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Plasma Sialic Acid Concentration and Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Martin A. Crook, John C. Pickup, Peter J. Lumb, Francesco Georgino, David J. Webb, John H. Fuller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE— To test the hypothesis that an increased plasma concentration of sialic acid, a marker of the acute-phase response, is related to the presence of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We investigated the relationship between plasma sialic acid concentration and nephropathy, retinopathy,neuropathy, and coronary heart disease (CHD) in a cross-sectional survey of 1,369 people with type 1 diabetes. Subjects were participants in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study, which involved 31 centers in 16 European countries. RESULTS— There was a significantly increasing trend of plasma sialic acid with severity of retinopathy (P &amp;lt; 0.001 in men) and with degree of urinary albumin excretion (P &amp;lt; 0.001 men, P &amp;lt; 0.01 women). Plasma sialic acid correlated with increasing plasma creatinine concentration (P &amp;lt; 0.009 men, P &amp;lt;0.0002 women), and men with neuropathy had a higher plasma sialic acid concentration than those without (P &amp;lt; 0.006). There was no significant correlation between plasma sialic acid and CHD in either sex. Elevated plasma sialic acid concentrations were also associated with several risk factors for diabetic vascular disease: diabetes duration,HbAlc, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations,waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension and smoking (in men), and low physical exercise (in women). In multiple logistic regression analysis, plasma sialic acid was independently related to proliferative retinopathy and urinary albumin excretion rate in men. CONCLUSIONS— We conclude that an elevated plasma sialic concentration is strongly related to the presence of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes, especially retinopathy and nephropathy. Further study of acute-phase response markers and mediators as indicators or predictors of diabetic microvascular complications is therefore justified.
Chronic neutropenia. A new canine model induced by human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.
Authors: W P Hammond, E Csiba, A Canin, H Hockman, L M Souza, J E Layton, D C Dale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Normal dogs were treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) at 10 micrograms/kg/day for 30 d, which caused an initial neutrophilia, followed by a prolonged period of chronic neutropenia. A control dog treated with recombinant canine G-CSF (rcG-CSF) showed persistent neutrophilia over 3 mo. Serum from dogs during neutropenia contained an antibody to rhG-CSF, which neutralized the stimulatory effects of both rhG-CSF and rcG-CSF on dog marrow neutrophilic progenitor cell growth and on NFS-60 cell proliferation. 4 mo after discontinuation of rhG-CSF, the dogs' neutrophil counts returned to the normal range. Rechallenge with the rhG-CSF re-induced severe neutropenia in 1 wk. Neutropenia was transferred by plasma infusion from a neutropenic dog to a previously normal dog. These data suggest that human rhG-CSF immunizes normal dogs and thereby induces neutralization of endogenous canine G-CSF and neutropenia. This model system should allow more precise definition of the in vivo role of G-CSF.
The Adult Incidence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms by Passive Smoking <i>In Utero</i> or in Childhood
Authors: Trude Duelien Skorge, Tomas M. L. Eagan, Geir Egil Eide, Amund Gulsvik, Per S. Bakke
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The effects of pre- or postnatal passive smoking on the adult incidence of asthma have not been reported previously. Between 1985 and 1996/1997, we conducted an 11-year community cohort study on the incidence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in Western Norway. The cohort included 3,786 subjects aged 15 to 70 years, of which 2,819 were responders at both baseline and follow-up. The incidence of asthma and five respiratory symptoms by self-reported exposure to maternal smoking in utero and in childhood, as well as smoking by other household members in childhood, was examined. After adjustment for sex, age, education, hay fever, personal smoking, and occupational exposure, maternal smoking was associated with asthma, phlegm cough, chronic cough, dyspnea grade 2, attacks of dyspnea, and wheezing, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of 3.0 (1.6, 5.6), 1.7 (1.1, 2.6), 1.9 (1.2, 3.0), 1.9 (1.2, 3.0), 2.0 (1.3, 3.0), and 1.4 (0.9, 2.2), respectively. The adjusted attributable fractions (95% CI) of the adult incidence of asthma were 17.3% (5.2, 27.9) caused by maternal smoking and 9.3% (95% CI, -23.2, 33.2) caused by smoking by other household members. Exposure to pre- and postnatal smoking carries a substantial risk for developing adult asthma and respiratory symptoms.
Preparing for Climate Change: A Perspective from Local Public Health Officers in California
Authors: Louise Bedsworth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

The most recent scientific findings show that even with significant emission reductions, some amount of climate change is likely inevitable. The magnitude of the climate changes will depend on future emissions and climate sensitivity. These changes will have local impacts, and a significant share of coping with these changes will fall on local governmental agencies. Public health is no exception, because local public health agencies are crucial providers of disease prevention, health care, and emergency preparedness services.This article presents the results of a survey of California's local pubic health officers conducted between August and October 2007. The survey gauged health officers' concerns about the public health impacts of climate change, programs in place that could help to mitigate these health effects, and information and resource needs for better coping with a changing climate.The results of this survey show that most public health officers feel that climate change poses a serious threat to public health but that they do not feel well equipped in terms of either resources or information to cope with that threat. Nonetheless, public health agencies currently implement a number of programs that will help these agencies handle some of the challenges posed by a changing climate.Overall, the results suggest that local public health agencies in California are likely in a better position than they perceive to address the threats associated with climate change but that there is a larger role for them to play in climate policy.
Prescribing Antibiotics: Not Entirely Bad But Could Be Better
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Medical practice is coming under scrutiny by government agencies, public interest groups, third-party payers, and the media. Therefore, it is both appropriate and desirable that the medical profession conduct its own ongoing evaluation of its practice habits. Historically the medical profession has always conducted a critical self-examination of its methods and the results they achieve through activities such as grand rounds, morbidity and mortality conferences, autopsies, and controlled clinical trials. However, additional highly structured and organized review systems, which are based on criteria developed by specialists and through which the appropriateness of clinical procedures can be evaluated, recently have been introduced.  Criteria by which the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing can be evaluated were published inThe Journal, 1 and this has led to a number of studies, including that of Jogerst and Dippe in this issue (p 842). Because antibiotics are numbered among the most frequently prescribed drugs and because
Smooth Muscle Antibody in Heroin Addicts
Authors: GUNNAR HUSBY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The occurrence of autoantibodies and the concentrations of serum immunoglobulins were studied in 102 heroin addicts, 20 former addicts who had abstained from heroin for 1 year or more, and 40 normal control subjects. Antibodies to smooth muscle (46%) and lymphocytotoxic antibodies (30%) were detected in the active heroin users, and there was a significantly positive correlation between these autoantibodies. Absorption experiments strongly suggested antigenic cross-reactivity between smooth muscle and lymphocyte membrane antigens. The presence of smooth muscle antibody in addicts was not clearly correlated with signs of active liver disease. The occurrence of smooth muscle antibody (10%) and lymphocytotoxic antibodies (15%) was significantly lower in the former heroin addicts than among active drug users. A significant elevation of IgM was found in the active heroin addicts. Gamma-M globulin was lower among the former heroin addicts but still elevated when compared with normal controls.
Government confirms second case of vCJD transmitted by blood transfusion
Authors: Stephen Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A second case in the United Kingdom of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (vCJD) that may have been transmitted through a blood transfusion has been been confirmed by the National CJD Surveillance Unit, the Department of Health has said.

The case involved a patient who had a blood transfusion in 1999 from a donor who later went on to develop vCJD. The patient died of causes unrelated to vCJD, but a post mortem examination showed the presence of disease causing prion proteins in the patient's spleen.

“After the …
A Thyroglossal Cyst Lined by Gastric Epithelium
Authors: Parakrama Chandrasoma
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The presence of gastric epithelium has a profound effect on the symptomatology of congenital cysts of foregut derivation.<sup>1</sup>Peptic ulceration with penetration of the trachea has caused death in patients who had dorsal enteric mediastinal cysts that were so epithelialized.<sup>2</sup>We report a case of a thyroglossal cyst containing gastric epithelium as part of its lining. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 12-year-old boy was admitted for excision of a lump in the front of his neck that had been present for ten years. A 2-cm mass in the anterior midline of the neck was the only abnormality on examination. This was round and soft and moved upward when the patient swallowed or protruded his tongue. Thyroid function study results were normal. The mass did not concentrate radioiodine. At surgery a cyst was found that was connected to the hyoid bone by a cordlike structure. The
Predictive value of a specific IgG assay for diisocyanate asthma (DA) is strongly influenced by chemical-protein antigen characteristics
Authors: P. Campo, A.V. Wisnewski, A. Cartier, Z.L. Lummus, J.L. Malo, L.P. Boulet, D.I. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Upper Airway Obstruction and Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Albert A. Clairmont
Journal: JAMA (1975)

MOST children with severely enlarged tonsils and adenoids do not develop cor pulmonale. The children who do seem to have an abnormal reactivity of the pulmonary vasculature to the hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis secondary to chronic alveolar hypoventilation. The cardiorespiratory syndrome was first described in 1965, with additional reported cases bringing the total to about 35 in the literature.<sup>1,2</sup>However, very few of these patients have had concomitant congenital heart disease.<sup>3</sup>The early recognition and early correction of extracardiac factors aggravating pulmonary artery hypertension is particularly important in the child with operable congenital heart disease. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 6-year-old girl with Down syndrome had cardiac catheterization at age 2 years, establishing the diagnosis of a large ventricular septal defect (Table). Over the past three years, her sleep pattern had become fitful, with difficult, stertorous breathing. She perspired profusely and snored loudly while asleep. She would often
Targeted Agents: The Rules of Combination
Authors: Eunice L. Kwak, Jeffrey W. Clark, Bruce Chabner
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The success of molecularly targeted agents (MTA) in the treatment of cancer has led to the investigation of their use in combination with other MTAs and with conventional chemotherapies. An overview of the MTAs that have emerged as Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs is presented, along with a framework for the consideration of how MTAs can best be combined to maximize therapeutic effect.
Tc-99m Nanocolloid and Tc-99m MDP Three-Phase Bone Imaging In Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis A Comparative Study
Authors: AYSE MUDUN, SEHER UNAL, RECAI AKTAY, SAIM AKMEHMET, SEMA CANTEZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The aim of this study was to compare Tc-99m nanocolloid scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP bone imaging in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. Overall, 31 Tc-99m MDP bone scans and 39 Tc-99m nanocolloid studies were performed in 34 patients (15 female, 19 male; mean age, 14.88 years +/- 19.00 years) who were suspected of osteomyelitis and/or septic arthritis. The final diagnoses were established by needle aspiration, cultures, radiography, clinical course, and, in some patients, with CT, ultrasonography, and biopsy. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 75%, and 92%, respectively for both Tc-99m MDP and Tc-99m nanocolloid scans in detecting osteomyelitis. For septic arthritis, Tc-99m MDP bone imaging showed 100%, 85%, and 94%, and Tc-99m nanocolloid scans showed 90%, 59%, and 76%, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively. These results show that, although both scans are in good agreement for osteomyelitis, for septic arthritis nanocolloid is not specific enough to recommend it to be a complementary method to MDP bone scans.
Incidence of Cancer Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: G. Gridley, J. K. McLaughlin, A. Ekbom, L. Klareskog, H.-O. Adami, D. G. Hacker, R. Hoover, J. F. Fraumeni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

To evaluate hypotheses about the relationship between immune alterations and cancer, several investigators have determined cancer incidence in groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease. The primary finding has been an increased risk of hematopoietic cancers.In this study, we have attempted to refine estimates of the association between RA and subsequent development of specific cancers.We investigated site-specific cancer risk associated with RA in a population-based cohort study of 11683 Swedish men and women with a hospital (inpatient) diagnosis of RA. These case patients were identified from 1965 to 1983 and had follow-up through 1984 by computer linkage of the Swedish Hospital Inpatient Register to the National Swedish Cancer Registry (840 case patients with cancer) and the Swedish Registry of Causes of Death. Cancer risk was estimated by standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for specific cancers.For men and women overall, there were decreased risks for cancers of the colon (SIR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5-0.9), rectum (SIR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.5-1.1), and stomach (SIR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.5-0.9) and an increased risk for lymphomas (SIR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.5-2.6).The reduced risk for colorectal cancer in patients with RA is consistent with previous studies of RA patients and with reports which state that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may protect against the development of large bowel cancers. The excess of lymphomas also confirms a number of earlier investigations of RA patients.
Molecular and Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Prognostic Value of Cell-Cycle Regulators in Urothelial Neoplasms of the Bladder
Authors: Andriy O. Yurakh, David Ramos, Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas, José Antonio López-Guerrero, José Rubio, Eduardo Solsona, Alina M. Romanenko, Alexander F. Vozianov, Antonio Pellin, Antonio Llombart-Bosch
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Bucrylate Treatment of Bleeding Gastric Varices: 12 Years' Experience
Authors: R. Kind, A. Guglielmi, L. Rodella, F. Lombardo, F. Catalano, A. Ruzzenente, G. Borzellino, R. Girlanda, F. Leopardi, F. Pratticò, C. Cordiano
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

For several years now there has been an increasingly widespread use of a tissue adhesive in the treatment of bleeding gastric varices to achieve rapid, safe control of hemostasis and prevent rebleeding. In this study we report on our experience with the use of Bucrylate (Hystoacryl) for the treatment of gastric varices over a period of more than a decade.Since 1988, 174 cirrhotic patients with actively bleeding gastric varices have been admitted to our department, where they received emergency treatment with injections of Bucrylate. Any associated nonbleeding esophageal varices were subjected to traditional sclerotherapy in combination with the Bucrylate treatment. The gastric varices were subdivided into four distinct groups according to the method advocated by Sarin in 1989. The patients underwent weekly sclerotherapy sessions until their varices were eradicated, and the follow-up with a mean of 36 months (range 9-90 months) consisted of endoscopy at 3, 6, and 12 months during the first year and then yearly checks to confirm obliteration of the varices.The hemostasis (97.1%), early rebleeding (15.5%), and hospital mortality (19.5%) rates of the patients with bleeding gastric varices, treated with the tissue adhesive, were very similar to those of patients treated for esophageal varices over the same period (98.1%, 13.0%, and 16.4%, respectively). The most frequent cause of death at 30 days was liver failure (76% of cases), followed by hemorrhagic shock (8.8%), and other less frequent causes. Sclerotherapy achieved obliteration rate for gastric varices (70-75%) similar to that for esophageal varices in those patients with portal hypertension due to intrahepatic block (alcoholic and posthepatitis cirrhosis), but a rate of only 32% in the group of patients with prehepatic block (splenoportomesenteric thrombosis), where surgery proved more effective (69%). The medium- and long-term survival rates depended on the stability of the patients' liver conditions, on rapid, effective control of variceal hemostasis, and on complete, lasting obliteration of the gastric varices.The use of Bucrylate in emergency sclerotherapy achieved results in bleeding gastric varices on a par with those obtained in esophageal varices in cases of alcoholic and posthepatitis cirrhosis. The group of patients with portal hypertension due to prehepatic block (splenoportal thrombosis) showed no benefit from sclerotherapy in terms of obliteration of gastric varices, but benefited from elective surgery. The choice of the obliterating treatment indicated may be facilitated by classifying gastric varices into distinct groups on the basis of anatomicotopographic criteria.
Abstract 129: AIP1 suppresses tumor metastasis by regulating tumor microenvironment and metastatic niche
Authors: Wang Min
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract AIP1 (also called DAB2IP, a new member of RAS-GAP family protein) is downregulated in a variety of human cancer tissues. We and others have recently reported that AIP1 functions as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer models. However, the role of AIP1 in regulating tumor microenvironment and metastatic niche is not known. In the present study, we implanted tumor cells with the same genetic background into C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and AIP1-deficient (AIP1-KO) mice to address this question. In subcutaneous (SQ) allograft models using B16 melanoma and LLC Lewis lung carcinoma, tumor growth and metastasis to multiple organs including lymph node, lung, liver, spleen and bone marrow were significantly enhanced in AIP1-KO host, suggesting AIP1 in tumor microenvironment limits tumor metastases. However, a direct intravenously injection of tumor cells resulted in no differences in tumor metastasis between WT and AIP1-KO mice, indicating AIP1 in host regulates tumor metastasis at steps prior to extravasation to target tissues. We examined effects of AIP1 deletion on the induction of local inflammation, tumor cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), generation of metastatic routes (formation of new blood and lymphatic vessels) and establishment of pre-metastatic niche in distance tissues. SQ tumors in AIP1-KO host showed more profound increases in macrophage infiltration, tumor cell EMT, intratumoral angiogenesis and peri-tumoral lymphangiogenesis as well as lymphangiogenesis in lymph nodes prior to the detection of metastatic tumor cells. Finally, SQ tumor induced an establishment of pre-metastatic niche in lung as indicated by increased immunostaining for fibronectin and accumulation of VEGFR1, c-Kit and CXCR-positive cells which were augmented in AIP1-KO mice. Importantly, WT recipient with AIP1-KO bone marrow-derived cells showed similar phenotype to AIP1-KO mice in tumor growth and metastasis. Taken together, our data suggest that AIP1 functions as tumor metastasis suppressor by regulating tumor microenvironment, metastatic routes and pre-metastatic niche. Citation Format: Wang Min. AIP1 suppresses tumor metastasis by regulating tumor microenvironment and metastatic niche. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 129. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-129
Trends in Prevalence and Control of Diabetes in the United States, 1988–1994 and 1999–2010
Authors: Elizabeth Selvin, Christina M. Parrinello, David B. Sacks, Josef Coresh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Trends in the prevalence and control of diabetes defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are important for health care policy and planning.
Organ transplantation and the fetal allograft.
Authors: J M Anderson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

1 in 10 (or greater) chance of diagnosing a brain tumour is not to be missed, then referral of all stroke patients with the appropriate evolution would completely swamp the available CAT scanning resources.Stroke evolution is only one factor determining the attitude of a general physician towards the management of a stroke patient.Considering the scarcity and the costliness of the new diagnostic machinery, information is required concerning the incidence of tumour or subdural haematoma in stroke patients as they present on the general medical ward.
Predictive Factors for Therapeutic Response to Asthma Treatment with Montelukast or Fluticasone in a Randomized Controlled Trial with Asthmatic Smokers
Authors: D. Price, L. Bjermer, T.A. Popov, S. Lu, R. Petrovic, K. Vandormael, A. Mehta, J.D. Strus, P.G. Polos, G. Philip
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Review of The Face of Mercy
Authors: Ronald F. Bellamy
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —In the review 1 of The Face of Mercy there is a serious error. The statement is made that 1.8% of soldiers hospitalized in Vietnam for the treatment of combat injuries died. The actual figure, based on data compiled by the Department of Defense in 1976, is 3.5%. 2 Among hospitalized casualties, 3520 soldiers died of their wounds and 96811 soldiers survived. The 1.8% figure, which is a statistical artifact, comes from adding to the number of actually hospitalized casualties the 104 725 soldiers who sustained minor wounds that required either no treatment at all or treatment that did not require hospitalization. 3   The sad truth is that there is little difference between the hospital mortality figures from the end of World War II (3.0% in the US Army in Germany in 1945) and those from Vietnam. Furthermore, it has to be remembered that for every one