tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment for Barbiturate Intoxication-Reply
Authors: Niels A. Lassen, A. Myschetzky
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Knochel comments that active treatment may be indicated in barbiturate intoxication with short-acting drugs, commonly used in the United States. However, the short-acting drugs used in our country usually give a spontaneous recovery in less than 24 hours. Active treatment is therefore of little practical interest. Exactly for this reason precise knowledge of the drug ingested as evidenced by paper chromatography is indispensable as a guide for treatment. Diuretic treatment in the form used by us does not lead to systemic alkalosis, as the blood pH rarely exceeds 7.45. Patients awake at the same serum barbiturate levels as control subjects. Undoubtedly, the effect on the duration of coma is due to the twentyfold increase of the effective urinary clearance. This effective clearance—as given in our Tables—is calculated in the usual manner as the ratio of the urinary excretion/minute to the total serum barbiturate concentration regardless of the degree of
Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> , High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, and Risk for Incident Coronary Heart Disease in Middle-Aged Men and Women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Christie M. Ballantyne, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Heejung Bang, Josef Coresh, Aaron R. Folsom, Gerardo Heiss, A. Richey Sharrett
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Measuring C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recommended to identify patients at high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) with low LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a proinflammatory enzyme associated primarily with LDL.In a prospective, case cohort study in 12 819 apparently healthy middle-aged men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, the relation between Lp-PLA2, CRP, traditional risk factors, and risk for CHD events over a period of approximately 6 years was examined in a proportional hazards model, stratified by LDL-C. Lp-PLA2 and CRP levels were higher in the 608 cases than the 740 noncases. Both Lp-PLA2 and CRP were associated with incident CHD after adjustment for age, sex, and race with a hazard ratio of 1.78 for the highest tertile of Lp-PLA2 and 2.53 for the highest category of CRP versus the lowest categories. Lp-PLA2 correlated positively with LDL-C (r=0.36) and negatively with HDL-C (r=-0.33) but not with CRP (r=-0.05). In a model adjusted for traditional risk factors including LDL-C, the association of Lp-PLA2 with CHD was attenuated and not statistically significant. For individuals with LDL-C below the median (130 mg/dL), Lp-PLA2 and CRP were both significantly and independently associated with CHD in fully adjusted models. For individuals with LDL-C <130 mg/dL, those with both Lp-PLA2 and CRP levels in the highest tertile were at the greatest risk for a CHD event.Lp-PLA2 and CRP may be complementary in identifying individuals at high CHD risk who have low LDL-C.
CHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE AGENT PRODUCING LEUKOSIS AND SARCOMA OF FOWLS
Authors: Elvin A. Kabat, Jacob Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

The activity of the agent producing sarcoma or leukosis in material deposited by high speed centrifugation is the same as that of the original crude extracts. Material sedimentable at high speed containing approximately 10–5 mg. N produces tumors at the site of injection. Small quantities of material sedimentable at high speed are present in normal chicken sera, and about twice as much in leukemic sera (strain 1). Normal chicken and mouse spleens and all other human and mouse tissues examined contain large amounts of material sedimentable at high speed. Extraction of leukemic blood cells with saline yields little additional virus. The washed cells readily produce leukosis even after irradiation with amounts of x-rays sufficient to destroy the leukemic cells but not the virus. Freezing at –60°C. preserves the activity of the high speed deposits for at least 6 months. Addition of 5 per cent of saturated Na2SO4 solution slightly delays deterioration of high speed deposits in the ice box. Most of the agent measured by inoculation of chickens and the fraction sedimentable at high speed measured by its nitrogen content is precipitated by one-third saturation with sodium sulfate.
Waging Peace in the War on Cancer
Authors: Thomas E Edes
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical importance of the renin-angiotensin system in chronic heart failure: double blind comparison of captopril and prazosin.
Authors: J Bayliss, M S Norell, R Canepa-Anson, C Reid, P Poole-Wilson, G Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Nineteen patients with chronic heart failure participated in a double blind crossover trial of captopril and prazosin--two drugs with differing neuroendocrine effects--to determine whether neuroendocrine changes could explain clinical and haemodynamic responses to treatment. Patients were assessed before and after acute and long term (four weeks9) treatment with each drug given in random order. Sixteen patients completed the study. During captopril haemodynamic improvement was maintained by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system. Breathlessness was relieved in 15 patients and exercise capacity increased. During prazosin a reduction in systemic vascular resistance was maintained, but plasma renin activity and aldosterone and noradrenaline concentrations increased, fluid retention developed, and clinical benefit did not occur. These results suggest that clinical and haemodynamic responses to long term vasodilator treatment for chronic heart failure are related to neuroendocrine changes. In patients with chronic heart failure inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system results in clinical benefit, whereas inhibition of the alpha adrenergic system does not.
Suppression of Heat Shock Protein 27 Using OGX-427 Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Potentiates Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors to Delay Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: François Lamoureux, Christian Thomas, Min-Jean Yin, Ladan Fazli, Amina Zoubeidi, Martin E. Gleave
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Geographic Variation in Breast Cancer Mortality for White and Black Women: 1986-1995
Authors: M. T. Canto, W. F. Anderson, O. Brawley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2001)

Breast cancer mortality rates have decreased during the last 20 years in the United States overall. However, declines in breast cancer mortality rates differ among individual states. This analysis ranked states from the highest to the lowest percentage change in mortality between 1986 to 1990 and 1991 to 1995. Data on white and black females were analyzed separately. Among white women, the 10 states showing the greatest percentage change in mortality during those two periods had the greatest baseline mortality in the 1986-to-1990 period. Similarly, the 10 states with the lowest percentage change in mortality had the lowest mortality rate in 1986 to 1990. In contrast, among black women, the top 10 states ranked by percentage change in mortality included either a decline or an increase. The disparities in mortality rates by state likely depend on the stage of disease at diagnoses, socioeconomic status, access to care, and adequacy of medical care.
Developmental toxicity and structure/activity correlates of glycols and glycol ethers.
Authors: E M Johnson, B E Gabel, J Larson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

In recent years, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) has selected numerous glycol ethers for testing in routine laboratory mammals to ascertain the magnitude of their ability to injure the conceptus. From the lists available of ongoing and projected NTP test chemicals, a series of glycol ethers was selected for examination in vitro in the hydra assay. Also tested were additional chemicals of similar molecular configuration and/or composition. This short-term screening test placed the 14 glycols and glycol ethers tested into a rank order sequence according to their degree of hazard potential to developmental biology, i.e., their ability to interfere with the developmental events characteristic of all ontogenic systems. They were ranked according to the difference between the lowest dose or concentration overtly toxic to adults (A) and the lowest concentration interfering with development (D) of the artificial embryo of reaggregated adult hydra cells and the A/D ratio. Published data from mammalian studies were available for a few of the test chemicals, and in each instance the hydra assay was in direct agreement with the outcomes reported of the more elaborate and standard animal tests. Ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether were shown by both standard evaluations in mammals, and by the hydra assay, to disrupt embryos only at or very near to their respective adult toxic doses, whereas the mono-ethyl ether perturbed development at approximately one-fifth of the lowest dose overtly toxic to adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ADAM17 Regulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression through the Activation of Notch1 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Anja Baumgart, Stefan Seidl, Petros Vlachou, Lars Michel, Nadya Mitova, Nicole Schatz, Katja Specht, Ina Koch, Tibor Schuster, Rebekka Grundler, Marcus Kremer, Falko Fend, Jens T. Siveke, Christian Peschel, Justus Duyster, Tobias Dechow
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and activation are hallmarks of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although EGFR-targeted therapies are used, the prognosis of NSCLC remains poor. ADAM17 induces activation of the EGFR through ligand cleavage. However, we show that inhibition or knockdown of ADAM17 markedly reduces tumorigenesis and survival to a large part independently from EGFR ligand shedding in NSCLC cells. These findings strongly indicate additional oncogenic mechanisms regulated by ADAM17. We identified Notch1 signaling as an ADAM17-controlled pathway and a critical regulator of anchorage-independent growth by using both Notch1 shRNA and ectopic expression of the active intracellular Notch1 fragment. Strikingly, Notch1 knockdown led to a strong reduction of EGFR expression in all analyzed cell lines. Proliferation, survival, and colony formation of Notch1-deficient cells were insensitive to EGF stimulation. Moreover, targeting Notch1 or ADAM17 resulted in substantial cell death, whereas EGFR inhibition predominantly induced cell cycle arrest. Immunohistochemical analysis of primary human tissue revealed a significant correlation between ADAM17, Notch1 signaling, and high EGFR expression levels. In conclusion, this article describes a novel molecular circuitry in NSCLC, incorporating ADAM17 as a regulator of EGFR expression through the activation of Notch1. Due to their central role in tumorigenesis and survival of NSCLC cells, both ADAM17 and Notch1 constitute promising targets for the treatment of NSCLC.
Substance Abuse Terminology
Authors: Christian Barnas
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rinaldi et al<sup>1</sup>have to be congratulated on raising an important issue in their article on the classification and standardization of substance abuse terminology. One of the problems with many current psychiatric classification systems is that they lack validation. Since we suppose that validation is the next logical step in the Task Force's concept, we would like to point out one of the potential pitfalls of their definitions. Severe withdrawal phenomena have been described after abrupt cessation of therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines following long-term intake.<sup>2</sup>This syndrome has been named<i>low-dose dependence</i>.<sup>3</sup>It is usually discovered serendipitously, when patients abruptly stop taking their benzodiazepines. Many of these patients have been using the medication for years, without ever trying to stop and without developing tolerance to the drug's therapeutic effects.<sup>4</sup>We feel that these patients fail to meet the dependence criteria of most classification
Stereotaxic Cryosurgery of the Pituitary Gland in Carcinoma of the Breast and Other Disorders
Authors: Charles B. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Fifteen patients underwent stereotaxic pituitary cryosurgery between June 1965 and January 1966. Two patients with functioning tumors—one, a corticotropinsecreting chromophobe adenoma, and the other, an eosinophilic adenoma—responded satisfactorily to freezing. Of 13 cryohypophysectomies performed nine were for carcinoma of the breast, three for carcinoma of the prostate, and one for diabetic retinopathy. Freezing parameters, operative technique, and placement of the cryoprobe were correlated with the occurrence of complications. If modification of the surgical procedure reduces the incidence of complications, cryohypophysectomy will offer a safe and effective method for pituitary ablation.
The effect of photochemotherapy with 4,4,6 trimethylangelicin on murine cutaneous immune cells
Authors: J. ALCALAY, F.DALL' ACQUA, MARGARET L. KRIPKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

The effect of photochemotherapy with 4,4',6 trimethylangelicin (TMA), a new monofunctional furocoumarin with a high antiproliferative activity, was studied on murine dendritic epidermal cells. Female mice (C3H/HeN[MTV-]) were treated topically with the drug three times a week for 4 consecutive weeks followed each time by 1 J/cm2 of UVA radiation. At the end of the treatment almost total depletion of ATPase+, Ia+ and Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells was observed, associated with marked hyperpigmentation but no gross or microscopic phototoxicity. Although 4,4',6 TMA is not phototoxic in mice, it affects the cutaneous immune cells.
CD4 T cell–mediated cardiac allograft rejection requires donor but not host MHC class II
Authors: Biagio A. Pietra, Alex Wiseman, Amy Bolwerk, Mona Rizeq, Ronald G. Gill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Numerous studies indicate that CD4 T cells are required for acute cardiac allograft rejection. However, the precise role for CD4 T cells in this response has remained ambiguous owing to the multipotential properties of this T-cell subpopulation. In the current study, we demonstrate the capacity of CD4 T cells to serve as direct effector cells of cardiac allograft rejection. We show that CD4 T cells are both necessary and sufficient for acute graft rejection, as indicated by adoptive transfer experiments in immune-deficient SCID and rag1–/– recipients. We have analyzed the contribution of direct (donor MHC class II restricted) and indirect (host MHC class II restricted) antigen recognition in CD4-mediated rejection. Acute CD4 T cell–mediated rejection required MHC class II expression by the allograft, indicating the importance of direct graft recognition. In contrast, reciprocal experiments indicate that CD4 T cells can acutely reject allogeneic cardiac allografts established in rag1–/– hosts that were also MHC class II deficient. This latter result indicates that indirect presentation of donor antigens by host MHC class II is not required for acute CD4-mediated rejection. Taken together, these results indicate that CD4 T cells can serve as effector cells for primary acute cardiac allograft rejection, predominantly via direct donor antigen recognition and independent of indirect reactivity.
Erythroid Hypoplasia in Kwashiorkor
Authors: F. Walt, J. E. D. Taylor, F. B. Magill, A. Nestadt
Journal: BMJ (1962)

sequence of changes was found during rehabilitation.The patterns were of prognostic value in some children electrocardiographic abnormalities persisted after recovery, as judged by clinical and laboratory criteria.Cardiac arrest was suspected as a cause of sudden death in kwashiorkor.This may have been related to fluid, protein, and electrolyte shifts in the presence of a wasted and weakened heart.Attention is drawn to certain similarities between the heart in kwashiorkor and the myocardiopathy of unknown origin of the adult Bantu.An interesting finding was histological changes in the heart muscle indistinguishable from those described in the adult form of heart disease.
Ethics of Liver Transplantation with Living Donors
Authors: P A Singer, M Siegler, P F Whitington, J D Lantos, J C Emond, J R Thistlethwaite, C E Broelsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Liver transplantation involving only a portion of a liver from a cadaveric donor is now performed in several major centers worldwide. We propose to transplant a liver lobe from a living donor — the parent of the recipient — to a noncritically ill infant with advanced liver disease. Although it is technically feasible, such transplantation of an organ from a living donor raises complex ethical issues involving the balance of risks and benefits, the selection of donor and recipient, and informed consent. This article describes the unique ethical aspects of liver transplantation with parents as living donors and describes our . . .
Don't stop taking aspirin
Authors: P. Elwood
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The POPADAD trial shows no benefit from daily prophylactic aspirin (hazard ratio 0.98; P=0.87) in people who have diabetes and early peripheral arterial disease. However, no firm conclusions should be drawn from a single trial, but the result be incorporated in a meta-analysis of all available evidence from relevant trials.1

The absence of evidence of benefit is not surprising as the trial was seriously underpowered. The annual …
Immunohistochemical evaluation of psoriatic plaques following selective photothermolysis of the superficial capillaries
Authors: S. Hern, M.H. Allen, A.R. Sousa, C.C. Harland, J.N.W.N. Barker, J.R. Levick, P.S. Mortimer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Elongated and tortuous capillary loops are distinctive features of psoriasis. The significance of these microvascular changes in the pathogenesis of plaques, however, remains unclear.Objectives To determine what part the expanded superficial capillary bed plays in the pathogenesis of clinical lesions by selectively thermolysing psoriatic capillaries with a pulsed dye laser (PDL).Methods Cutaneous lesions were biopsied before and after treatment and sections assessed by standard immunohistochemical techniques for changes in known indicators of angiogenesis, including endothelial surface area, endothelial cell proliferation and endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules. We also measured lymphocytic infiltration and epidermal thickness, and quantified the presence of a marker of keratinocyte proliferation before and after treatment.Results The effect of the PDL was limited to the superficial capillary bed, with no changes in the microvessels (including venules and arterioles) of the upper reticular dermis. Although there was significant clinical improvement in plaques after treatment (P = 0·02), complete clearance of lesions was not achieved. Thermolysis of psoriatic capillaries caused a reduction in both endothelial surface area (P < 0·01) and endothelial cell proliferation in the superficial dermis (P = 0·04). Endothelial expression of surface adhesion molecules (integrins and E‐selectin) important in angiogenesis was not, however, altered by treatment. The CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell infiltrate was significantly reduced in the superficial papillary dermis (P = 0·02 and P = 0·04, respectively), but not in the epidermis or upper reticular dermis. Laser treatment significantly reduced epidermal thickness (P = 0·001), but did not alter epidermal keratinocyte proliferation (P = 0·2).Conclusions The results demonstrate that dermal capillary changes alone are unlikely to be causal in psoriasis. They indicate that the expanded psoriatic capillaries may be important in facilitating the access of activated T cells to the skin and in maintaining the psoriatic plaque. These results do not refute the consensus view that plaque formation may be mediated by the release of growth factors/cytokines from activated epidermal T cells/keratinocytes.