tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antifibrotic and hemodynamic effects of the early and chronic administration of octreotide in two models of liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Joël Fort, Frédéric Oberti, Christophe Pilette, Nary Veal, Yves Gallois, Olivier Douay, Marie Christine Rousselet, Jean Rosenbaum, Paul Calès
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the early and chronic administration of octreotide in the prevention of hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension (PHT). Two experimental models of liver fibrosis caused by bile duct ligation (BDL) or CCl4 were divided into 4 rat groups: sham, placebo, and octreotide (10 and 100 micrograms/kg twice daily, subcutaneously). Liver fibrosis was assessed by the area of fibrosis (image analysis), liver hydroxyproline and fibronectin mRNA contents, and serum hyaluronate. Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamic changes were also evaluated, including the splenorenal shunt blood flow by the transit-time ultrasound (TTU) technique. In both models, splenorenal shunt blood flow was significantly lower in the octreotide groups than in the placebo group (P <.05), while portal pressure was not significantly decreased. There was a significant decrease in fibrosis by octreotide in the CCl4 model only: area of fibrosis: 13.9% +/- 3.7% vs. 9.8% +/- 2.5% (P <.01), hydroxyproline: 1.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.4 mg/g wet liver (P <.05), respectively, placebo vs. octreotide 10 micrograms/kg. There was a significant correlation between the area of fibrosis and hydroxyproline liver content (r =.87 in the biliary model and r =.91 in the CCl4 model; P <.0001). The early and chronic administration of octreotide prevents the development of portocollateral blood flow without reducing portal pressure in two models of liver fibrosis and the development of liver fibrosis in the CCl4 model.
Precipitation of fatal rejection of spontaneously accepted MHC mismatched rat liver allografts by administration of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2)
Authors: Y TU
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Untersucht wurde die Aktivität der β-Glucuronidase in der Schleimhaut der Alveolarfortsätze und der Wangen mit licht- und elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden. Es wurde eine Modifikation der Methode nach Havashi verwendet. Im Lichtmikroskop konnte die Enzymaktivität in beiden Schleimhautpartien, besonders in den Fibroblasten des subepitholialen Bindegewebes nachgewiesen werden. Eine höhere Aktivität konnte in den Gefäßwänden im entzündlichen Infiltrat und vorwiegend in den Makrophagen beobachtet werden. Im Epithel war besonders im Stratum basale und den unteren Schichten des Stratum spinosum eine histochemische Aktivität festzustellen.Im Elektronenmikroskop konnte die Enzymaktivität in allen Epitholschichten, vor allem aber in primären und sekundären Lysosomen sowie in den Cisternen des granulären endoplasmatischen Reticulums beobachtet werden. In den oberen Epithelsehichten wurden nur einige positive Elemente beobachtet. Im Schleimhautepithel der Wangen war die beobachtete Aktivität geringer als im Epithel des Alveolarfortsatzes. Ks wird angenommen, daß das Enzym eine Rolle bei der Degradation der Proteoglykane in der Mundschleimhaut spielt.The authors investigated the activity of β-glucuronidase in the mucous membrane of the alveolar process and in the bucal mucous membrane under light and electron microscopes. Demonstration of the enzyme was performed by means of a modification of the method of Havashi. Under the light microscope enzymatic activity was demonstrated in both types of epithelium, particularly m the fibroblasts of connective tissue, higher activity being found in vascular walls, inflammatory infiltrates and particularly in macrophages. Findings in the epithelium were positive only in the stratum basale and the lower layers of the stratum spinosum.Submicroseopically activity of the enzyme was apparent in all layers of the epithelium, particularly in primary and secondary lysosomes and in cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum, and only rarely in Gown complex. There were only a few positive structures in the surface layers of the epithelium. Activity was lower in the bucal mucosa than in the alveolar epithelium. In the mucosa of the oral cavity the enzyme probably has a role in the degradation of proteoglycans.
Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B in Chinese patients with Hbsag-positive chronic active hepatitis
Authors: Myron J. Tong, Richard E. Sampliner, Sugantha Govindarajan, Ruth L. Co
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Eleven patients of Chinese origin experienced spontaneous reactivation of chronic active hepatitis B. Eight HBsAg-positive patients were followed for an average of 15 months prior to, while three others presented during reactivation. Fatigue, hepatomegaly and jaundice were frequent findings. Elevation of both serum ALT (average = 1,212 units per liter) and hepatitis B virus DNA levels were noted in all patients, and reactivation lasted an average of 4.4 months. During resolution, clinical symptoms abated, serum ALT levels reverted toward normal, and in nine patients, the hepatitis B virus DNA values became undetectable. All patients lacked evidence for acute hepatitis A, Epstein-Barr Virus, cytomegalovirus or hepatitis delta virus infection Histologic findings of liver tissue from eight patients showed piecemeal necrosis and fibrosis. Within the parenchyma, varying degrees of hepatocytolysis with cuffing, perivenular necrosis and acidophilic bodies were noted. Ground-glass cells and regenerative changes also were observed. Cirrhosis was not present in any of the liver biopsies These findings suggest that spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B occurs in heterosexual patients with chronic active hepatitis B and contributes to chronic inflammation and to the progression of their liver disease.
Nodular necrobiosis in association with ulcerative colitis.
Authors: P J Whorwell, N Y Haboubi, C Du Boulay
Journal: Gut (1986)

contrary, several studies4 7 X firmly discredit such relationships.Neither have they disproved the view that, in the presence of a flat mucosa,9-" a high mitotic index (>0-2%) is a helpful, prospective index of untreated coeliac disease.The material studied lacked the appropriate disease controls necessary to challenge that assertion.
Contact allergic sensitivity to plants and the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome
Authors: W. FRAIN-BELL, B.E. JOHNSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Of sixty-nine examples of the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome, nine were found to be allergically sensitive to chrysanthemum oleoresin extract. Although this extract showed evidence in vitro of a phototoxic action we were unable with in vivo studies to explain the connection between the contact allergic sensitivity and the photosensitivity. The fractions responsible for the in vitro phototoxicity appear to be different from those involved in the in vivo contact allergic sensitivity. This study provides further support for the view that in the photosensitivity dermatitis and actinic reticuloid syndrome contact allergic sensitivity is of importance.
Creosote in Pneumonia.
Authors: I. L. Van Zandt
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Ft. Worth, Tex., March 15. 1902.  To the Editor:  —In order to prepare a statistical table showing the results of the treatment of pneumonia with creosote or creo[ill]ote carbonate, I ask the aid of the profession. I request every physician who has given the treatment a trial to kindly send me, on a postal card, during April, 1902, the number of cases treated and number of deaths; state whether of record or an approximation.  Please answer yes or no to the following questions: 1. Do you believe creosote ever aborts pneumonia? 2. Do you believe the majority of cases are mitigated by it? 3. Have you found cases which, having plenty of time, were entirely uninfluenced by it?  To every one favoring me with a report, I will mail a copy of the condensed reports.
Margaret McCartney: Forever indebted to pharma--doctors must take control of our own education
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As a student 20 years ago I failed to realise that the sandwiches at the lunchtime meetings were a lure, organised by the suited rep hovering at the back. Big pharma was ingrained throughout postgraduate education, and this continues even now. Every week I get invitations to local hotels with the offer of a buffet meal and a free talk from a local consultant, all organised and paid for by the drug industry.

But we know that doctors’ exposure to pharma sponsored literature is associated with higher prescribing frequency, higher cost, or lower prescribing quality.1 The money that industry spends on wooing doctors with free education is, of course, calculated to yield profitable returns.

Paying our own way would enable doctors to regain control. In recent …
Accelerated puberty and late-onset hypothalamic hypogonadism in female transgenic skinny mice overexpressing leptin
Authors: Shigeo Yura, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Norimasa Sagawa, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Hiroaki Itoh, Ken Ebihara, Megumi Aizawa-Abe, Shingo Fujii, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Excess or loss of body fat can be associated with infertility, suggesting that adequate fat mass is essential for proper reproductive function. Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, and its synthesis and secretion are markedly increased in obesity. Short-term administration of leptin accelerates the onset of puberty in normal mice and corrects the sterility of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. These findings suggest a role for leptin as an endocrine signal between fat depots and the reproductive axis, but the effect of hyperleptinemia on the initiation and maintenance of reproductive function has not been elucidated. To address this issue, we examined the reproductive phenotypes of female transgenic skinny mice with elevated plasma leptin concentrations comparable to those in obese subjects. With no apparent adipose tissue, female transgenic skinny mice exhibit accelerated puberty and intact fertility at younger ages followed by successful delivery of healthy pups. However, at older ages, they develop hypothalamic hypogonadism characterized by prolonged menstrual cycles, atrophic ovary, reduced hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone contents, and poor pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion. This study has demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that accelerated puberty and late-onset hypothalamic hypogonadism are associated with chronic hyperleptinemia, thereby leading to a better understanding of the pathophysiological and therapeutic implication of leptin.
Comparison of Oncologic Outcomes for Open and Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of 1249 Cases
Authors: Umberto Capitanio, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Hendrik Isbarn, Alon Weizer, Mesut Remzi, Marco Roscigno, Eiji Kikuchi, Jay D. Raman, Christian Bolenz, Karim Bensalah, Theresa M. Koppie, Wassim Kassouf, Mario I. Fernández, Philipp Ströbel, Jeffrey Wheat, Richard Zigeuner, Cord Langner, Matthias Waldert, Mototsugu Oya, Charles C. Guo, Casey Ng, Francesco Montorsi, Christopher G. Wood, Vitaly Margulis, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Risk for malignant lymphoma in ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide Swedish case-control study
Authors: J Askling, L Klareskog, P Blomqvist, M Fored, N Feltelius
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Several inflammatory conditions are associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. The specific features of inflammation that mediate this risk are unknown. There are few studies on whether ankylosing spondylitis increases the risk of lymphoma. Besides inflammation-lymphoma aetiology, information on risk of lymphoma in ankylosing spondylitis is particularly important as a benchmark in the evaluation of, for example, tumour necrosis factor inhibitors.The association between ankylosing spondylitis and malignant lymphomas overall, and separately for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, was assessed in a nationwide, population-based case-control study of 50 615 cases of lymphoma and 92 928 matched controls by using prospectively recorded data on lymphomas from the Swedish Cancer Register (1964-2000) and data on pre-lymphoma hospitalisations for ankylosing spondylitis from the Swedish Inpatient Register (1964-2000). The odds ratios (ORs) associated with pre-lymphoma hospitalisation for ankylosing spondylitis were calculated using conditional logistic regression.23 (0.05%) patients with lymphoma and 41 (0.05%) controls had a pre-lymphoma hospitalisation listing ankylosing spondylitis, relative risk = 1.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 to 1.7). The number of discharges and the mean latency between ankylosing spondylitis and lymphoma were similar in patients and controls. Analyses restricted to lymphomas diagnosed during the 1990s showed similar results (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.5, number of exposed cases/controls = 14/21).On average and in the absence of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, patients hospitalised with ankylosing spondylitis do not appreciably show an increased risk of lymphoma.
Psychiatric Evaluation in Gastric Surgery for Obesity
Authors: Steven L. Dubovsky, Dale Liechty
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

Gastroplasty, a newer form of surgery for morbid obesity, produces physical and psychosocial benefits equivalent to those of jejunoileal bypass, but with fewer complications. As interest in this approach to intractable obesity has increased, surgeons have looked to psychiatrists to help them to assess psychiatric risk associated with undergoing surgery. Drawing on a review of the literature and long-term experience with patients requesting gastroplasty, this review addresses the benefits of gastroplasty and offers suggestions about when and how to perform preoperative psychiatric evaluations in patients requesting surgery for obesity.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Cardiology: Percutaneous Balloon Valvuloplasty
Authors: Zoltan G. Turi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Cardiology: Percutaneous Balloon ValvuloplastyZoltan G. Turi, MDZoltan G. Turi, MDWayne State University-Harper Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Percutaneous Balloon ValvuloplastyTsung O. Cheng; ed. 556 pages. New York: Igaku-Shoin; 1992. $129.00.Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty, although a relatively new procedure, is now the subject of a second textbook. Does a technology that is so early in its development and that has relatively narrow applicability (particularly in the industrialized world) merit one text, let alone two?The answer is yes. This procedure has revolutionized the treatment of pulmonary stenosis and offers distinct advantages over surgery for many patients with mitral valve stenosis. There are hazards of publishing textbooks too early, however, and they apply to Dr. Cheng's volume: Rapid evolution of techniques ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wayne State University-Harper Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 830-831KeywordsCardiovascular therapyElectrocardiographyLesionsMagnetic resonance imagingRiversStenosisSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A polymorphism of the X-linked gene IDS increases the number of females informative for transcriptional clonality assays
Authors: Xylina T. Gregg, Robert Kralovics, Josef T. Prchal
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Studies of clonality have been essential for understanding the hierarchy of hematopoiesis and the biology of malignancies. Most clonality assays are based on the X chromosome inactivation phenomenon in females; these assays detect protein polymorphisms, differences in DNA methylation, or transcripts of the active X chromosome. Assays based on protein polymorphisms or DNA methylation have significant shortcomings. The major disadvantage of transcriptional assays is their limited applicability since only approximately half of females are informative for these studies. We have developed a new transcriptional assay based on an exonic polymorphism of the X-chromosome gene IDS. This gene is located in the same X-chromosome region (Xq28) as G6PD and p55, two genes with exonic polymorphisms for which we previously developed transcriptional assays. We developed non-radioactive PCR-based assays for rapid screening of genotype and determination of clonality. We also report reaction conditions for a quantitative ligase detection assay of IDS allelic transcripts. The frequency of the IDS polymorphism is 46% in Caucasian females and 39% in African-American females; in combination with G6PD and p55, 76% of Caucasian females and 62% of African-American females are informative for these assays. While this gene is highly polymorphic in Caucasian and African-American females, it is not informative in Oriental females. We established that the IDS gene is in linkage equilibrium with G6PD and p55. Unlike methylation-based assays, this assay is suitable for studying clonality in non-nucleated cells such as platelets and reticulocytes. With the discovery of exonic polymorphisms of other X-chromosome genes, all females should eventually be suitable for X-chromosome transcriptional clonality analysis. Am. J. Hematol. 63:184–191, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cardiovascular action of verapamil in the dog with particular reference to myocardial contractility and atrioventricular conduction
Authors: J. A. ANGUS, D. R. RICHMOND, P. DHUMMA-UPAKORN, L. B. COBBIN, A. H. GOODMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Verapamil (Isoptin®) caused a dose-dependent peripheral vasodilation, increase in myocardial contractility, and tachycardia in the anaesthetized dog. Propranolol pre-treatment blocked the cardiac stimulation following verapamil but the vasodilation was unaltered. Inflation of a thoracic aortic balloon prevented the fall in intravascular pressure and reduced the tachycardia and positive inotropic responses. These experiments suggest that clinical doses of verapamil cause peripheral vasodilation which leads to a sympathetic reflex induced increase in heart rate and myocardial contractility. Verapamil also had a direct myocardial depressant action which became evident at doses above the range used clinically. The drug increased the PR interval in conscious dogs for up to 60 minutes. This effect was partly mediated through cholinergic stimulation and partly through a direct depression on atrioventricular conduction.
PRIMARY OR ACUTE CONFUSIONAL INSANITY.
Authors: JAMES G. KIERNAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Fifteen years ago, Dr. E. C. Spitzka<sup>1</sup>described under the term "primary confusional insanity," (an approximation of the German title "Verwirrheit" applied to the same mental states) a form of insanity "which develops rapidly on a basis of cerebral exhaustion. Consciousness is blurred in parallelism with the conceptional disturbance and the patients on recovering have, as a rule, but very crude recollections of their condition. Its duration is variable, comprising weeks and months. The prognosis is, as a rule, as good as that of stuporous insanity, which condition it also resembles as to etiology; emotional shock, cerebral overstrain, exhausting diseases and excesses being the principal factors responsible for primary confusional insanity. The patients suffering from this psychosis, after a rapid rise of their symptoms during a period of incubation rarely exceeding a few days, present hallucinations and delusions of a varied and contradictory character. The delusions may resemble those
Propranolol for Intractable Diffuse Lymphangiomatosis
Authors: Michio Ozeki, Toshiyuki Fukao, Naomi Kondo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Propranolol was effective in relieving respiratory distress in a child with diffuse lymphangiomatosis after the failure of other interventions. Response was associated with decreased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Unilateral Leg Edema
Authors: Katherine A. Hawkins
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Unilateral leg edema is a frequent clinical problem, usually reflecting underlying vascular disease. This article describes an uncommon cause of this presentation, malignant lymphoma, in ten cases. In three of these patients, the diagnosis of lymphoma was overlooked during the initial presentation, and appropriate therapy not given at that time. In view of the need for early diagnosis and specific therapy of lymphoma, this entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with unilateral leg edema. (<i>JAMA</i>1980;244:2640-2641)
Timing of Surgery in Asymptomatic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Catherine M. Otto, Christopher T. Salerno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The use of an evidence-based approach to the treatment of valvular heart disease has been hampered by the lack of rigorous data on predictors of the clinical outcome. The timing of surgery in patients with asymptomatic mitral regurgitation has been especially controversial for two reasons: the various causes of valve dysfunction and the lack of a precise measure of disease severity.1 Clinical outcomes and approaches to treatment depend on the cause of valve dysfunction. For example, in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation owing to dilated cardiomyopathy or ischemic disease, the prognosis depends mainly on the underlying disease and valve surgery . . .
Late Relapses in Patients Successfully Treated for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Kenneth H. Shumak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the incidence and timing of relapses in patients who have recovered from an acute episode of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Design: Clinical follow-up for 3 to 10 years. Setting: General community outpatient study; patients who had relapse were hospitalized. Participants: 63 of 72 surviving patients who had participated in a randomized study that compared plasma exchange and plasma infusion as treatments for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and for whom continued clinical follow-up was obtained. Outcome Measures: Recurrence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura as defined by a decrease in platelet count to less than 100 × 109/L and by the onset of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia as identified by erythrocyte fragmentation in a peripheral blood film. Results: 37 of the 63 patients have not had recurrence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and have remained completely well; 6 patients have not had recurrence but have developed other medical problems; 3 patients have not had recurrence but have residual neurologic defects from the original episode; and 17 patients have had one or more recurrences, occurring 7 months to 8 years after the original episode. As determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, the projected recurrence rate after 10 years in all surviving patients is 36% (95% CI, 23% to 59%). Conclusions: More than one third of patients who survive an acute episode of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura will have at least one relapse during the following 10 years.