tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CARRIER FUNCTION IN ANTI-HAPTEN ANTIBODY RESPONSES
Authors: David H. Katz, William E. Paul, Edmond A. Goidl, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The studies reported here demonstrate that immunocompetent lymphoid cells from allogeneic donor guinea pigs stimulate the synthesis of anti-DNP and anti-OVA antibodies by recipients previously primed with DNP-OVA. This allogeneic effect occurs spontaneously in the absence of any further anti-genic challenge. Furthermore, the transfer of allogeneic cells prepares DNP-OVA-primed recipients for a striking secondary anti-DNP response to DNP-BGG; this occurs in equal degree whether or not the cells are derived from BGG-primed donors. We suggest that the allogeneic cells function by virtue of a specific immunologic attack of grafted cells on host cells. This conclusion is made on the basis of the following evidence: (a) The failure of observing the phenomenon with L(2)C leukemia cells and irradiated strain 2 lymph node and spleen cells which, although capable of initiating a host-versus-graft response, are incapable of mediating graft-versus-host reactions; and (b) the inability of (strain 2 x strain 13) F(1) hybrids to mediate the allogeneic effect in strain 13 recipients. The analysis of this phenomenon may offer a key to the delineation of mechanisms involved in the activation of precursors of antibody-forming cells.
My student elective: surgery in Jersey City.
Authors: A Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1979)

At 9 am on Wednesday 3 January I was to start at Jersey City Medical Centre.I had been told it was an old hospital, but as I drove up the twin 20-storey blocks, which comprise much of the hospital, seemed to contradict this fact.I was told later that it was built in the 1930s-that is old to the Americans.Having waited 10 minutes for a lift (sorry, elevator), a com- forting link with the \ NEW YORK _ hospital at home, I NSTATE found my way to the fifth floor of the surgical block and was intro-_ I&g-duced to "the chief" N;WAK ,4Q ¶~'-and "the team" with 2 { :. ..--Jer t.Cit;& 859°w
ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKAEMIA: MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY AFTER EARLY CONSOLIDATION TREATMENT DOES NOT PROLONG SURVIVAL
Authors: Chr. Sauter, M. Fopp, P. Imbach, L. Tschopp, W. Berchtold, A. Gratwohl, P. Maurice, V. Von Fliedner, F. Cavalli
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Photodynamic antibacterial effect of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Biljana Z Ristic, Marina M Milenkovic, Ivana R Dakic, Biljana M Todorovic-Markovic, Momir S Milosavljevic, Milica D Budimir, Verica G Paunovic, Miroslav D Dramicanin, Zoran M Markovic, Vladimir S Trajkovic
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Reduced Lipid Peroxidation and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury after Lung Transplantation Using Low-Potassium Dextran Solution for Lung Preservation
Authors: FUMIO SAKAMAKI, HANS HOFFMANN, CHRISTIAN MÜLLER, HENDRIK DIENEMANN, KONRAD MESSMER, FRIEDRICH W. SCHILDBERG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the significant problems in clinical lung transplantation. We investigated the effect of lung preservation with Euro-Collins solution (EC group) or low-potassium dextran solution (LPD group) on lipid peroxidation and ischemia-reperfusion injury in a pig model of lung allotransplantation. The donor lungs were preserved at 4 ° C for 18 h. Left-sided single lung transplantation was performed, followed by 6 h of reperfusion. Lipid peroxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid–reactive materials (TBARM) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and effluent solutions from pulmonary artery (Effluent). After 18 h of ischemia, the LPD group showed lower TBARM in BAL and Effluent than the EC group (p < 0.05). After ischemia plus reperfusion, lung wet-to-dry weight ratios and TBARM levels in BAL in the LPD group were lower than those of the EC group (p < 0.05). Lung wet-to-dry weight ratios correlated with TBARM levels in BAL (p < 0.05, r = 0.50). We conclude lipid peroxidation in BAL and Effluent may reflect the degree of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and lung preservation with LPD can reduce lipid peroxidation and lung injury as compared with EC.
Short-term and long-term asthma control in patients with mild persistent asthma receiving montelukast or fluticasone: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: R.S. Zeiger, J.M. Edelman, S.R. Bird, M.S. Kaplan, M. Schatz, D.S. Pearlman, E.J. Orav, C.M. Hustad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Joint destruction and chondrocalcinosis in patients with generalised osteoarthrosis.
Authors: J C Gerster, T L Vischer, I Boussina, G H Fallet
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Joint destruction and chondrocalcinosis in patients with generalised osteoarthrosisBoth generalised osteoarthrosis (GOA) and articular chondrocalcinosis (ACC) become more frequent with increasing age.Destructive changes, especially of the finger, knee, or hip joints, may be a complication of osteoarthrosis.' 2 Similar destructive arthropathies have recently been described in patients with ACC.3 Nevertheless, the relation between GOA and ACC and between these two conditions and destructive arthropathies is still not clear.We therefore studied new patients with GOA to evaluate the incidence of ACC and destructive arthro- pathies among them.
Suprapapillary Fistulosphincterotomy at ERCP: A Prospective Study
Authors: H. J. O'Connor, A. S. Bhutta, P. L. Redmond, D. A. Carruthers
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

The role of the needle knife at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) remains controversial, with conflicting views being held on the value and safety of this device. The aim of the present study was to assess prospectively the value and safety of suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy (FS) in the endoscopic management of biliary disease.Suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy was performed when biliary cannulation had failed after attempting to opacify the bile duct for 30 minutes, initially with a standard diagnostic cannula and then by further attempts with a tapered cannula. The second indication for suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy was inability to obtain satisfactory cannulation with the sphincterotome in patients in whom cholangiopancreatography showed pathology requiring endoscopic sphincterotomy. Using this technique, an opening was created into the intraduodenal segment of the common bile duct at a point on the vertical axis 3-5 mm proximal to the papillary orifice. The opening was then cannulated, and extended as required to facilitate clearance of stones or stent insertion.Of 531 consecutive patients, 83 (16%) underwent suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy, and biliary cannulation was achieved in 74 of the 83 (89%). If suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy had not been used, the diagnostic success rate would have fallen from 513 out of 531 (97%) to 451 out of 531 (85%) (P = 0.0001); the clearance rate for duct stones would have fallen from 150 out of 156 (96%) to 130 out of 156 (83%) (P = 0.0003); and successful stent insertion would have fallen from 52 out of 59 (88%) to 38 out of 59 (64%) (P = 0.0044). There were no fatalities following suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy. Complications occurred in five of the 83 patients (6%) who underwent fistulosphincterotomy, compared with five of the 448 patients (1%) who did not undergo the procedure (P = 0.01).Our results suggest that suprapapillary fistulosphincterotomy is a valuable adjunct in the management of biliary disease at ERCP, but, in view of the increased risk of complications, it should be reserved for patients in whom the index of suspicion for biliary disease is high and further endoscopic treatment is likely.
Metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the rat
Authors: Charles A. Frolik, Hector F. DeLuga
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Administration of 60 pmoles of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to vitamin D-deficient rats on a low calcium diet gives a maximal intestinal calcium transport response in 7 hr and a maximal bone calcium mobilization response in 12 hr. During the 48 hr after injection of radioactive 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, unchanged 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol accounts for 71-98% of the radioactivity found in the intestine with minor amounts appearing in more polar metabolites. In the bone, for the 1st 12 hr, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is the major form (75-82%) present while at 24 hr, the amount of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol decreases with a corresponding rise in the amounts of metabolites both less polar and more polar than the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Since these metabolies are at their highest concentration when bone calcium mobilization is decreasing, they are most likely not responsible for the calcium mobilization observed during the 1st 12 hr. The appearance of water-soluble radioactivity in the kidney, plasma, liver, and muscle 24 hr after 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol injection has been demonstrated. The present results suggest that, although 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol is converted to further metabolites in the rat, it is probably the form of vitamin D responsible for initiating intestinal calcium transport and bone calcium mobilization.
The Harveian Oration Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: C. West
Journal: BMJ (1874)

Few things are more difficult than to preserve alive for many years the spirit of an anniversary celebration.The memory of even a national de- liverance grows faint; the horrors of war, the contest with the op- pressor, are alike forgotten; a long peace effaces the recollection of the struggle to attain it, and of the hero by whom it was wvon.But still more quickly fades the remembrance of private benefactors.HoIw quickly wre all have realised who in one of our cathedrals, or of our college chapels, have listened on some Sunday or festival day to the bidding prayer, and have heard mentioned with thanks to Almighty God the names of men and women gone ages since to their last home, of whom all we know, and almost all that we can learn is, that " they rest from their labours and their works (1o follow them".There is, however, something peculiar and indifferent from most in this celebration.It was instituted by the very man whom we comme- morate: instituted not for his own glory, but " to make mention of the benefactors of this College, and to encourage its members to search out the secrets of nature by way of experiment".*A compendious theme this, and one making large demands upon the heacl and heart of him who would aspire to treat it.When your commands, Sir, were first laid upon me to undertake this most honourable, most arduous office, I studied, as a preparation for its accomplishment, all the Harveian Orations that I could meet with.But the study yielded me scant comfort.I found that the first Har- veian orator lhad inicurred grave displeasure for having indulged in un- seemly criticisms on the control of the army, and the government of the country, at a time when Oliver Cromwell was Lord Protector.tThere was much need, doubtless, that the performance of so indiscreet a per- son should be submnitted to the censors for revision,+ and a rule was then adopted that thereafter no Oration should be given in public unless at least a month beforehand it had been submitted to and approved by the President and Censors.I do not know how long it is since this rule was allowed to fall into disuse.Its existence, however, proves how responsible a post that was felt to be which I novw have the honour to occupy, and I could wvish, for my own sake, that instead of having simply to throw myself on the indulgence of my hearers, I could plead that my poor attempt to do * The very words of Harvey in the deed by which he provides for this oration are worth quotation, so well do they express the genial, loving character of the man.After ordering a general feast to be kept within the College once every year for
Importance of Teaching Anatomy
Authors: Michael F. Shank
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  I was interested in the recent A PIECE OF MY MIND article. Dr Piziak's1brief experience with an undergraduate anatomy course illustrates the harm that has been done to American medical education and clinical practice during the past 15 years. Gross anatomy has been de-emphasized in medical school curricula by reducing lecture and dissecting time and, more subtly, by moving research emphasis, and thereby departmental expertise, to molecular and cellular areas.  The introductory anatomy course forms the foundation for further preclinical and clinical knowledge, especially in the area of physical diagnosis. This fact has been duly noted by outstanding physicians since Vesalius wrote inDe Fabrica(1543), Anatomy should rightly be regarded as the firm foundation of the whole art of medicine and its essential preliminary. This feeling has been echoed by modern clinicians.2Anatomic dissection is also the first step for the student in developing
Crack vs Inhaled Cocaine and Sentencing-Reply
Authors: Dorothy Hatsukami, Marian Fischman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Hamilton suggests that cocaine users may better be treated in prison where they are removed from the conditions in which they sell drugs. Imprisonment may be the answer for those nonusers who are selling drugs for profit. However, for the drug abusers who are selling drugs primarily to support their drug use, mandated treatment without imprisonment may be a better solution. Random urine samples can be obtained, and the contingencies (ie, drugpositive urine test results can lead to prison) made clear. Such a policy would be cost-effective,<sup>1</sup>as we argue in our article, and the expected outcome would be at least as good as voluntary treatment.<sup>2</sup> Dr Byck suggests that the statement that cocaine is ultimately the same substance whether smoked or snorted is irrelevant and that the intent of the user is of greater importance. However, our job as scientists is to educate the public, and
Does past selective efficacy matter to psychology?
Authors: Paul Sheldon Davies
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Andrews et al. subscribe to the view that distinguishing selectionist from nonselectionist hypotheses – or, distinguishing adaptations from mere spandrels or exaptations – is important to the study of psychology. I offer three reasons for thinking that this view is false; that considerations of past selective efficacy have little to contribute to inquiry in psychology.
Monocytic Leukaemia Presenting as Polyarthritis in an Adult
Authors: J. R. Hindmarsh, D. Emslie-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1953)

The manner in which glandular-fever infection might have a beneficial effect on the acute leukaemic process is quite uncertain.The cases of monocytic leukaemia de- scribed above were all of the "Schilling" type, which seems to me to bear a distinct resemblance both in its site of origin and in some of its clinical features to the more severe forms of glandular fever.The large type of glandular-fever cell seen in the first few days of acute glandular fever bears a close resemblance to7 certain of the leukaemic monocytes, although the mature cell of glandular fever is quite unlike any variant of the leukaemic monocyte or monoblast.It is possible that infection by the benign condition exerts a diversionary influence on the malignant leukaemic process.It would be obviously most unwise to draw any sweeping conclusions from this very small series of cases.It does seem, however, that the clinical and haematological results ob- tained are more than can be explained either by the blood transfusions which some of the patients received or by chance.It is suggested that further trial of the effect of induced glandular fever in cases of acute monocytic leukaemia is justified.It is even possible that in suitable cases the effects might be more profound and lasting than in those described. SummaryObservations on the effect of glandular fever infec- tion, natural and induced, in cases of acute leukaemia are recorded.It is concluded that there is evidence that such infection may in some cases be responsible for remissions in leukaemic disease.Thanks are due to Dr. B. B. Hosford and Dr. J. M. Ranking for their co-operation, to Professor G. Payling Wright for helpful
Akt2/LDLr double knockout mice display impaired glucose tolerance and develop more complex atherosclerotic plaques than LDLr knockout mice
Authors: Katrijn L. Rensing, Saskia C.A. de Jager, Erik S. Stroes, Mariska Vos, Marcel Th.B. Twickler, Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie, Carlie J.M. de Vries, Johan Kuiper, Ilze Bot, Jan H. von der Thüsen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

To characterize the phenotype of Akt2/low-density-lipoprotein receptor double knockout (dKO) (Akt2/LDLr dKO) mice with respect to insulin resistance and features of atherosclerotic plaque progression.Metabolic profile and atherosclerotic plaque progression were compared between LDLr KO mice and Akt2/LDLr dKO mice. Total cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels were significantly higher and oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) was more impaired in Akt2/LDLr dKO mice than in LDLr KO mice. Although atherosclerotic plaques at both the carotid artery and the aortic root of Akt2/LDLr dKO mice were significantly smaller (P < 0.05) compared with LDLr KO controls, plaque composition in these mice was more complex, showing 34-50% reduced collagen content (P < 0.01), 1.4-fold larger necrotic cores (P < 0.05) and six-fold more TUNEL-positive cells (P < 0.01). In situ zymography revealed a more than two-fold higher gelatinolytic activity in Akt2/LDLr dKO mice (P < 0.05). In vitro analyses showed that deletion of Akt2 caused decreased migration, proliferation, and collagen content of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and disturbed the balance of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) mRNA expression in macrophages and VSMCs.Akt2/LDLr dKO mice develop insulin resistance and complex atherosclerotic lesions. These phenotypic characteristics make Akt2/LDLr dKO mice an interesting mouse model to study the effects of insulin resistance on the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
Comparison of Throat Culture Methods for the Recovery of Group A Streptococci in a Pediatric Office Setting
Authors: Oliver F. Roddey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare a single-plate method for the recovery of group A streptococci with other methods that have recently been reported as being significantly more sensitive. <h3>Design.</h3> —Throat swabs were allowed to dry for 2 to 6 hours before inoculating 5% sheep blood agar plates. Stabs were made into the agar, bacitracin disks were placed on the primary plates, and the cultures were incubated aerobically. Using duplicate throat swabs, the recovery rates of the above method were compared with the following ones: a carbon dioxide—enhanced incubation atmosphere, an anaerobic atmosphere with a selective blood agar medium, and a Todd-Hewitt broth medium. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A five-pediatrician office. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 301 pediatric patients with pharyngitis were evaluated using all comparative methods. In addition, duplicate swabs from 590 pediatric patients were compared with each other using the same single-plate method. <h3>Results.</h3> —There were no significant differences between any of the methods. The sensitivity of the single-plate method compared with selective plates incubated anaerobically was 96%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In a pediatric office setting, a single-plate method using aerobic incubation was adequately sensitive for the recovery of group A β-hemolytic streptococci. Transport medium, selective medium, carbon dioxide enhancement, and anaerobic incubation did not significantly improve recovery. The present federal regulations that restrict the use of nonselective media and bacitracin disks on primary plates should be reevaluated. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1863-1865)
Presence of 1q gain and absence of 7p gain are new predictors of local or metastatic relapse in localized resectable neuroblastoma
Authors: Annalisa Pezzolo, Elena Rossi, Stefania Gimelli, Federica Parodi, Francesca Negri, Massimo Conte, Angela Pistorio, Angela Sementa, Vito Pistoia, Orsetta Zuffardi, Claudio Gambini
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2008)

We have addressed the search of novel genetic prognostic markers in a selected cohort of patients with stroma-poor localized resectable neuroblastoma (NB) who underwent relapse or progression (group 1) or complete remission (group 2) over a minimum follow-up of 32 months from diagnosis. Twenty-three Italian patients with localized resectable NB (stages 1 and 2) diagnosed from 1994 through 2005 were studied. All patients received surgical treatment. Chemotherapy was administered only to the three stage 2 patients who had MYCN-amplified tumors. High-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) DNA copy-number analysis technology was used to identify novel prognostic markers. Chromosome 1p36.22p36.32 loss and 1q22qter gain, detected almost exclusively in group 1 patients, were significantly associated with poor event-free survival (EFS) (p = 0.0024 and p = 0.024, respectively). In contrast, patients with 7p11.2p22 gain, who belonged predominantly to group 2, had a significantly better EFS (p = 0.015). The frequency of 17q gain or 3p and 11q losses did not differ significantly in group 1 versus group 2 NBs. The sensitive technique allowed us to define the smallest region of 1p deletion. In conclusion, 1q22qter gain and 7p11.2p22 gain might represent new prognostic markers in localized resectable NB, but the small study size and the retrospective nature of the findings warrant further validation of the results in larger studies.
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy Presenting as Pulmonary Interstitial Fibrosis
Authors: Ron Asher
Journal: JAMA (1977)

IMMUNOBLASTIC lymphadenopathy commonly presents with fever, chills, night sweats, and malaise.<sup>1</sup>The usual physical findings are lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and a maculopapular erythematous rash. Laboratory features include positive Coombs test, mild to moderate hemolytic anemia, mild leukocytosis, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Frequently there is a history of previous drug exposure. In addition to the usual presenting features, our patient had bilateral pleural effusions and interstitial fibrosis with nodularity. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 78-year-old woman was admitted to a referral hospital with a four-month history of fever, chills, night sweats, and a nonproductive cough. Chest x-ray films showed a diffuse infiltrate and bilateral effusions. Treatment with ampicillin trihydrate resulted in moderate improvement. Prednisone treatment was added because of the patient's long history of arthritis. One month later, exertional dyspnea, two-pillow orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and nocturia developed. Bilateral effusions were again present, and a pleural fluid complement was low. A presumptive