tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T cell killing by tolerogenic dendritic cells protects mice from allergy
Authors: Ulrike Luckey, Marcus Maurer, Talkea Schmidt, Nadine Lorenz, Beate Seebach, Martin Metz, Kerstin Steinbrink
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

It is well established that allergy development can be prevented by repeated low-dose exposure to contact allergens. Exactly which immune mechanisms are responsible for this so-called low zone tolerance (LZT) is not clear, although CD8⁺ suppressor T cells are known to have a role. Here, we show that TNF released by tolerogenic CD11⁺CD8⁺ DCs located in skin-draining lymph nodes is required and sufficient for development of tolerance to contact allergens in mice. DC-derived TNF protected mice from contact allergy by inducing apoptosis in allergen-specific effector CD8⁺ T cells via TNF receptor 2 but did not contribute to the generation and function of the regulatory T cells associated with LZT. The TNF-mediated killing mechanism was induced in an allergen-specific manner. Activation of tolerogenic DCs by LZT CD8⁺ suppressor T cells and enhanced TNF receptor 2 expression on contact allergen-specific CD8⁺ effector T cells were required for LZT. Our findings may explain how tolerance protects from allergic diseases, which could allow for the development of new strategies for allergy prevention.
Poor communication lies at heart of NHS complaints, says ombudsman
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many of the complaints brought against the NHS are still being caused by poor communication by health service staff, the health service ombudsman, Ann Abraham, has reported.

In a selection of her latest investigations Ms Abraham said common problems included poor handling of complaints, failure to obtain informed consent, poor nursing care, and lack of liaison between services.

“If only all health service staff made sure that they listened to patients and their carers, communicated clearly with them and with each other, …
Combined Inpatient and Outpatient Group Psychotherapy: A Therapeutic Model for Psychosomatics
Authors: M. von Rad, A. Rüppell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1975)

A special strategy of psychotherapeutic approach to psychosomatic patients is described including a 3-month period of inpatient and a 2-year period of outpatient group psychotherapy. Additional therapeutic procedures applied during the time of hospitalization are a special kind of sensitivity training ('sensual awareness' -- 'konzentrative Bewegungstherapie') and analytic ergotherapy. The therapeutic techniques used are psychoanalytic with special regard to the scenic figures which arise during the course of a session. The 'scenic function of the ego' represented in, e.g., certain body movements, sitting-arrangments, and talking-sequences offers the opportunity of a possible access to the often poor phantasy life of the psychosomatic patient, suffering from what we call the Pinocchio syndrome. The key structure of the model implies the arrangement fixed prior to the onset of therapy between patients and therapist, to stay together as a closed in- and outpatient group for 2 years. This enables the patients to take the risk of new emotional experiences under the cover of protected living conditions in the hospital, as well as the chance to check and confirm these experiences under the pressure of the regular social conditions they live in.
Pericarditis and Electrocardiographic Changes in Reiter's Syndrome
Authors: G. W. Csonka, J. K. Oates
Journal: BMJ (1957)

saluretic action.This effect could be explained by alterations of renal haemodynamics-that is, to be due to the rise of renal plasma flow and filtration rate, resulting in the changes of water and salt reabsorption.This possibility is not in the least excluded by the fact that the rise in glom- erular filtration and renal plasma flow was much less than that in water and sodium excretion.Against this view, however, stands the fact that the changes in glomerular filtration and plasma flow were not always followed by similar changes in water and sodium excretion.It is to be noted in our experimenfs that out of 45 post-chlorpromazine clearance periods water excretion rose considerably in 11 cases, and sodium excretion in 7, in spite of a significant fall in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow.In six normal persons chlorpromazine had no consistent effect on renal function.Diuresis increased in three cases, decreased in two, and in one was unaltered.Glomerular filtration decreased in three cases, and showed no change in the other three.The renal plasma flow diminished in three cases.was unchanged in one, and showed a slight but inconsiderable rise in the other two.Sodium excretion decreased in two cases, and did not alter in three.
Banishing the thought
Authors: Nina Strohminger, Bradley W. Moore
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract The first seven chapters of Doing without Concepts offer a perfectly reasonable view of current research on concepts. The last chapter, on which the central thesis of the book rests, provides little actual evidence that using the term “concept” impedes scientific progress. It thus fails to demonstrate that this term should be eliminated from the scientific vernacular.
CPR for Patients Labeled DNR
Authors: Muriel Gillick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters21 October 2003CPR for Patients Labeled DNRMuriel Gillick, MDMuriel Gillick, MDFrom Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Boston, MA 02131.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In arguing that do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders should sometimes be replaced by limited aggressive therapy orders (LATOs), Choudhry and colleagues (1) acknowledge that treatment-specific orders are potentially perilous: A given procedure may be consistent with a patient's goals in certain situations but not in others. Choudhry and colleagues propose instead enumerating the situations in which cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) might be initiated and specifying in which of those situations it should be attempted. This approach is analogous to Emanuel and Emanuel's Medical Directive (2), which lists 4 clinical scenarios and asks in each case which of 11 interventions would ...References1. Choudhry NK, Choudhry S, Singer PA. CPR for patients labeled DNR: the role of the limited aggressive therapy order. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:65-8. [PMID: 12513047] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Emanuel LL, Emanuel EJ. The Medical Directive. A new comprehensive advance care document. JAMA. 1989;261:3288-93. [PMID: 2636851] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Gillick MR. Choosing appropriate medical care for the elderly. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2001;2:305-9. [PMID: 12812536] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Brett AS. Limitations of listing specific medical interventions in advance directives. JAMA. 1991;266:825-8. [PMID: 1865521] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Muriel Gillick, MDAffiliations: From Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged, Boston, MA 02131. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCPR for Patients Labeled DNR: The Role of the Limited Aggressive Therapy Order Niteesh K. Choudhry , Sujit Choudhry , and Peter A. Singer CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Jack P. Freer CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Susan B. LeGrand CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Bernard M. Karnath CPR for Patients Labeled DNR Niteesh K. Choudhry , Sujit Choudhry , and Peter A. Singer Metrics 21 October 2003Volume 139, Issue 8Page: 704KeywordsCardiac care unitCardiopulmonary resuscitationDo not resuscitate ordersNursing homesPatientsSpecificity ePublished: 21 October 2003 Issue Published: 21 October 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Handbook of Analytical Toxicology
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This massive volume gathers into one place an enormous amount of data bearing on drugs and poisons of various types (including economic poisons and air pollutants). It constitutes a wealth of information for the pharmacologist, toxicologist, biochemist, and all who come into laboratory contact with drugs and poisons, as well as those who might need to know specific physical and chemical properties of such drugs or poisons. The book is divided into three major parts. The first gives various properties and data pertaining to drugs and poisons. A few of the major topics covered include physical data; structural formulas; optical crystallographic characteristics; absorption, metabolism, and excretion data; identification of drugs. Almost 100 pages are devoted to data on pesticides, including relative toxicity hazards and recommended threshold limits; there is an even larger amount for industrial chemicals, and comparable sections on air pollutants and on water analysis. The second section provides
Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients Older Than 65 Years
Authors: Jack G. Copeland
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The results of 196 isolated aortic valve replacements in patients older than 65 years were analyzed. Eighty-four percent of patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV preoperatively. The operative mortality was 12% for all cases and 9% for elective cases. Actuarial probability of five-year survival was 55% for the entire group and 61% for discharged patients. Myocardial failure and congestive heart failure were the most common causes of early and late postoperative death, respectively. Embolic strokes occurred in 16% of discharged patients and caused substantial disability in 9%. At the termination of the study, 94% of surviving patients were in NYHA class I or II, and none were in class IV. Aortic valve replacement in elderly patients entails reasonable operative risk, and results in satisfactory postoperative rehabilitation. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1578-1581, 1977)
David Graham Sargant
Authors: H. Sargant
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner and schools medical officer Northamptonshire (b Potters Bar 1934; q Oxford/London 1958), died on 11 January 2003 after a long cardiac illness.

Following national service at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, David took a variety of posts, which included general practice work in Farringdon and Olney, before settling into school health in Northamptonshire. His many interests included literature, architecture, and local history. Local passions were St Peter's, Northampton, founding the Friends on its closure, and Canons Ashby and the Dryden family. He leaves a wife, Diana, and two children; and a former wife, Wendy, four children, and five grandchildren.
A "good" fatwa
Authors: W. H Isbister
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The word “fatwa” has come to have a rather sinister meaning in many Western countries. This misconception has arisen, in large part, as a result of one author and his work and the publicity given to a resulting fatwa. A fatwa is simply a legal opinion in Islam given by a mufti or other religious leader on a specific issue, and this account describes one with which I was involved.

In 1990 I was appointed chairman of surgery at a large hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Most of the surgical patients had cancer, and many major and often futile …
Modulation of growth factors by growth hormone in children with chronic renal failure
Authors: David R. Powell, Frances Liu, Bonita K. Baker, Raymond L. Hintz, Phillip D.K. Lee, Susan K. Durham, Eileen D. Brewer, James W. Frane, Sandra L. Watkins, Ronald J. Hogg, None for The Southwest Pediatric Nephrology Study Group
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Plasma concentration of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in surfactant-treated preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: FK Tegtmeyer, J Moller, A Richter, B Wilken, T Fischer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Although exogenous surfactant replacement improves respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of immature neonates, it may not prevent subsequent lung damage and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-activation. We therefore wanted to assess whether surfactant administration would be associated with activation of circulating PMNs. Since elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (E-alpha 1-PI) has proved to be a sensitive indicator of intravascular PMN activation, we studied E-alpha 1-PI plasma concentration in preterm neonates during the treatment of RDS with a bovine surfactant preparation (group I: n = 23). Results were compared with those from a retrospective control group treated by ventilation alone (group II: n = 13), and with a reference group of 92 newborns (group III). Following surfactant administration, median E-alpha 1-PI concentration increased significantly (day 1 80.5 vs Day 2,234 micrograms.l-1), and exceeded the upper limit of the reference range of 274 micrograms.l-1 in seven patients, with a maximal value of 1,881 micrograms.l-1 after multiple surfactant administrations. In contrast, 12 infants from Group II showed no increase in median E-alpha 1-PI levels (Day 1,107 vs Day 2,107 micrograms.l-1), and remained within the reference range (Day 1,125 micrograms.l-1; Day 2,107 micrograms.l-1) of the 92 newborns without respiratory impairment, infection, birth-trauma or asphyxia. From these results, it is concluded that surfactant may trigger a transient, mainly local, inflammatory response, reflected by increased levels of E-alpha 1-PI, and may exert a dose-related pathogenic influence on the course and prognosis of RDS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An overview of benzene metabolism.
Authors: R Snyder, C C Hedli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Benzene toxicity involves both bone marrow depression and leukemogenesis caused by damage to multiple classes of hematopoietic cells and a variety of hematopoietic cell functions. Study of the relationship between the metabolism and toxicity of benzene indicates that several metabolites of benzene play significant roles in generating benzene toxicity. Benzene is metabolized, primarily in the liver, to a variety of hydroxylated and ring-opened products that are transported to the bone marrow where subsequent secondary metabolism occurs. Two potential mechanisms by which benzene metabolites may damage cellular macromolecules to induce toxicity include the covalent binding of reactive metabolites of benzene and the capacity of benzene metabolites to induce oxidative damage. Although the relative contributions of each of these mechanisms to toxicity remains unestablished, it is clear that different mechanisms contribute to the toxicities associated with different metabolites. As a corollary, it is unlikely that benzene toxicity can be described as the result of the interaction of a single metabolite with a single biological target. Continued investigation of the metabolism of benzene and its metabolites will allow us to determine the specific combination of metabolites as well as the biological target(s) involved in toxicity and will ultimately lead to our understanding of the relationship between the production of benzene metabolites and bone marrow toxicity.
Response of mononuclear cells to lipopolysaccharide and CpG oligonucleotide stimulation: possible additive effect in rheumatoid inflammation
Authors: B Tolusso
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

reuil et al reported on a patient with Erdheim-Chester disease. 1 We would like to add our experience in a patient who had a good response to steroids.A 46 year old housewife, born in Maceio (Brazil), complained of pain in her legs for a period of eight months, which interfered with her sleep; there were no constitutional symptoms, such as weight loss, asthenia, or fever.On physical examination, there was no systemic involvement or bone inflammation, except for tenderness on palpation of both tibiae.An x ray examination showed bilateral and symmetrical cortical osteosclerosis of the diaphysial regions of the tibiae, which was better illustrated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which showed a low signal on T 1 and a high signal on T 2 of the medullar canal (fig 1).Bone scintigraphy showed intense hypercapitation at the upper and medial regions of the right tibia and the medial region of the left tibia (fig 2).Other MR images (brain, thorax, and abdomen) were normal.A bone biopsy showed only osteosclerosis, which has been described in this disease. 2 She was treated with steroids for six months (prednisone 20 mg/day) and responded well, being asymptomatic and receiv-ing no treatment since December 2000.As bone pain is the first symptom of this xanthogranulomatosis, rheumatologists should be able to recognise the disease in an early phase when treatment gives a better outcome.. . . .
Localization of the heme-binding protein in the cytoplasm and of a heme-binding protein-like immunoreactive protein in the nucleus of rat liver parenchymal cells: Immunocytochemical evidence of the subcellular distribution corroborated by radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting
Authors: Dariush H. Fahimi, Alfred Voelkl, Styliani H. Vincent, Ursula Muller-Eberhard
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The abundant heme–binding protein of the liver, probably identical with Z–protein or liver fatty acid–binding protein, has an apparent molecular weight of 14,000 Da and is presumably involved in the intracellular transport of a variety of compounds. The cellular and subcellular distribution of HBP in the liver was studied in adult male and female rats by postembedding immunocytochemistry using the protein A–gold technique. By light microscopic examination heme–binding protein is present exclusively in parenchymal cells and not found in the sinusoidal lining cells or other cells in portal tracts. Immunoreactivity for heme–binding protein is uniformly strong throughout the liver lobule in female rats but is markedly reduced in the pericentral region in male animals. By immunoelectron microscopy heme–binding protein immunoreactivity is localized in cytoplasm and nuclear matrix. The mitochondria and peroxisomes and the secretory apparatus are free of the label. In nuclei, gold labeling is confined to the interchromatin region (euchromatin) and nucleoli; condensed chromatin (heterochromatin) and nucleolus–associated chromatin are negative. The subcellular localization was substantiated by radioimmunoassay and immunoblotting of nuclear and cytosolic fractions. Immunoblotting shows that the heme–binding protein–like immunoreactive protein in the nucleus has a slightly larger molecular weight than that in the cytoplasm.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:859–865.)
Perplexing Parlance of Paraneoplastic Pemphigus-Reply
Authors: David T. Woodley
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our original report<sup>1</sup>examined the autoantibodies of five affected patients and we reported that all sera contained polyclonal autoantibodies with IgG subclass 1 predominating. We are pleased to see that the report by Liu et al<sup>2</sup>confirms this. We appreciate the comments by Helm et al in the above letter. One of the points of our case report was that an "active" or "detectable" malignancy evidently is not necessary for the induction of paraneoplastic pemphigus, a syndrome of unknown cause that is clearly distinct from pemphigus vulgaris associated with neoplasia. Our patient did have a large-cell lymphoma that was in remission and "undetectable" by repeated computed tomographic scans and at autopsy. Therefore, the paraneoplastic pemphigus occurred in a patient who had a serious malignancy in remission. We would not say that there is an established "causal relationship" between the malignancy and bullous eruption. The experience to
The Origins and Evils of Essential Hypertension
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The report of Zinner, Levy and Kass in this issue of the Journal raises a number of issues concerning our understanding of essential hypertension. In the first place, it suggests that hypertension is familial. This has long been suspected by clinicians and confirmed by population studies, which have shown a highly significant but modest correlation of the blood pressures of siblings. Twin studies have suggested a genetic explanation for this phenomenon by revealing a closer correspondence of pressures in monozygotic than in fraternal twins, these in turn correlating more closely than those of ordinary sibs. Thus, the repeatedly demonstrated familial . . .
Ethnic differences in viral dominance patterns in patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus dual infection
Authors: Long H. Nguyen, Steve Ko, Shane S. Wong, Pelu S. Tran, Huy N. Trinh, Ruel T. Garcia, Aijaz Ahmed, Glen A. Lutchman, Emmet B. Keeffe, Mindie H. Nguyen
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Studies of hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) dual infection are limited. Most are small, conducted outside the United States, and compare dual infection with HCV monoinfection. The goal of this study was to characterize HBV/HCV dual infection in a large multiethnic, matched, case-control study of dual-infected and HBV-monoinfected patients at two United States centers. Using an International Classification of Disease Version 9 electronic query and chart review, we identified 115 HBV/HCV dual-infected patients with serial HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. As a control, 115 HBV-monoinfected patients were chosen randomly and matched with cases by age ±10 years, sex, Asian versus non-Asian ethnicity, and study site. Both groups had similar sex, ethnic, and age distributions (68% male, 83% Asian, age 52 ± 14 years). The median follow-up times were 33 and 38 months for the dual-infected and monoinfected groups, respectively. More monoinfected patients received HBV antiviral therapy than dual-infected patients (43% versus 24%; P = 0.002). No significant difference was detected between the proportion of monoinfected versus dual-infected patients with ALT above 40 U/L at presentation or during follow-up. Dual infection patients exhibited very little HBV/HCV codominance at baseline and throughout follow-up: patients had either HBV viremia with low or absent HCV RNA or detectable HCV RNA with low or absent HBV DNA. Asian ethnicity was predictive of HBV dominance after adjusting for sex, age, and baseline ALT elevation (odds ratio 7.35; P = 0.01). Conclusion: HBV/HCV dual-infected and HBV-monoinfected patients had similar clinical characteristics. Asian ethnicity is a major independent predictor of HBV-dominant disease, and HCV dominance with undetectable HBV DNA is more common in non-Asian individuals. Larger studies are needed to further characterize the natural history of HBV/HCV dual infection in Asian and non-Asian individuals. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
Comment on: Raz et al. Personalized Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Reflections From a <i>Diabetes Care</i> Editors’ Expert Forum. Diabetes Care 2013;36:1779–1788
Authors: Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Not all existing therapies for type 2 diabetes provide similar glycemic control for every affected patient; with a few notable exceptions, how different responses to therapy relate to specific variations within identifiable subgroups of patients remained, and remains, largely unexplored.

Also on the basis of current uncertainty, the Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum delivered their reflections to help physicians personalize diabetes care (1). Apart from the many given reasons for the need to decode the joint position statement by the American Diabetes Association and …