tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catalase Inhibition With 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole Does Not Abolish Infarct Size Reduction in Heat-Shocked Rats
Authors: Yanying Auyeung, Richard E. Sievers, Daniel Weng, Vania Barbosa, Christopher L. Wolfe
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Recent studies have shown that improved myocardial salvage after heat-shock pretreatment correlates with the amount of induced cardiac heat-shock protein (HSP)72. However, heat shock also induces myocardial catalase activity, potentially reducing free radical–mediated ischemic injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) abolishes the reduction of infarct size conferred by heat-shock treatment in rats. Methods and Results Myocardial catalase activity was measured in both heat-shocked and control rats 60 minutes after either 3-AT (1000 mg/kg IV) or saline infusion. In separate experiments, heat-shocked and control rats were treated with 3-AT or saline 60 minutes before being subjected to 35 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by dual perfusion with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and phthalocyanine blue dye. Heat-shock treatment significantly increased myocardial catalase compared with control animals (180.5±4.8, n=6, versus 86.2±14.7, n=5, units/g wet wt; P &lt;.05). Treatment with 3-AT significantly reduced myocardial catalase activity in both heat-shocked and control animals (29.6±5.7, n=5, and 36.4±15.3, n=6, respectively). Heat-shock treatment significantly reduced infarct size in rats that were both treated and untreated with 3-AT compared with respective control groups (22.5±3.7%, n=26, 28.2±4.0%, n=22, 52.0±3.0%, n=23, and 48.6±3.2%, n=26, respectively; P &lt;.0001 for both heat-shocked groups versus both control groups; infarct mass/risk area mass×100). Conclusions Catalase inhibition with 3-AT does not abolish the reduction of infarct size in heat-shocked rats.
A further case of adverse skin reaction from vitamin Ki
Authors: G. HEYDENREICH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article A further case of adverse skin reaction from vitamin Ki Get access G. HEYDENREICH G. HEYDENREICH Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, DK ‐ 5000, Odense C ‐ Derunark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 6, 1 December 1977, Page 697, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14281.x Published: 01 December 1977
A Ligand of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma, Retinoids, and Prevention of Preneoplastic Mammary Lesions
Authors: R. G. Mehta
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2000)

Chemoprevention of breast cancer is an active area of investigation. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that thiazolidinediones (e.g., troglitazone) and retinoids are able to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Troglitazone mediates its action via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We evaluated the ability of troglitazone, alone or in combination with retinoids, to prevent the induction of preneoplastic lesions by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in a mouse mammary gland organ culture model.Mammary glands of BALB/c mice were treated with DMBA (2 microg/mL) to induce preneoplastic lesions in organ culture. Effects of troglitazone, all-trans-retinoic acid (retinoic acid; ligand for retinoic acid receptor [RAR] alpha), and LG10068 (ligand for retinoid X receptors [RXRs]), singly or in combination, on the development of lesions were evaluated. Expression of retinoid receptors (RARalpha and RXRalpha) and PPARgamma was determined by western blot analysis. Statistical significance was determined by generalized chi-squared analysis using the GENCAT software program and Bonferroni correction. All P values are two-sided.Troglitazone (at 10(-5) M) or retinoic acid (at 10(-6) M) markedly inhibited the development of mammary lesions (both P values <.05); however, together they did not enhance the effectiveness of the other. In contrast, LG10068 (at 10(-7) M or 10(-8) M) alone had very little ability to inhibit development of these lesions, but a combination of LG10068 (at 10(-8) M) and troglitazone (at 10(-5) M or 10(-6) M) almost completely inhibited (by 85% and 100%, respectively; both P values <. 05) the development of mammary lesions. The expression of PPARgamma and RXRalpha remained unchanged with the various treatments, whereas the expression of RARalpha was substantially reduced after treatment with the combination of retinoic acid and troglitazone.To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the possibility of a PPARgamma ligand having chemopreventive activity. Furthermore, an RXR-selective retinoid, LG10068, appears to enhance this activity.
Trends in HIV Incidence Among Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Philip S. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.-Behaviors that result in potential exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) usually begin in adolescence or young adulthood, but trends in HIV incidence in young people remain unclear.Objective.-Toestimate trends in HIV incidence in teenagers and young adults.Design and Setting.-Back-calculation of past HIV incidence in persons born between 1960 and 1974 using US national acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence data and estimates of the distribution of times between HIV infection and AIDS.Main Outcome Measures.-Incidenceand prevalence of HIV in 1988 and 1993 in persons aged 20 and 25 years, respectively, in each of those years.Results.-As of January 1993, about 22 000 men and 11 000 women aged 18 to 22 years were living with HIV infection in the United States.Homosexual contact was the leading route of infection among young men.Heterosexual contact was the leading route of infection among young women.The HIV incidence attributed to homosexual contact or injection drug use decreased among persons aged 20 and 25 years between 1988 and 1993, but HIV incidence attributed to heterosexual contact was stable or increasing.Notably, in men aged 20 and 25 years, HIV prevalence declined by about 50% in white men but was relatively stable in black and Hispanic men.In contrast, HIV prevalence in women aged 20 and 25 years rose by 36% and 45%, respectively, because of increasing heterosexual transmission.Overall, HIV prevalence in persons aged 20 and 25 years declined by only 14% between 1988 and 1993.Conclusions.-Inyoung persons, HIV incidence in homosexual men and injection drug users was slowing by 1993; this favorable trend was offset by increasing heterosexual transmission, especially in minorities.
Supplements containing banned substances
Authors: Rymantas Kazlauskas
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Over the past years, NMI has been monitoring and determining compounds contained in so called ‘supplements’, which are or can be classified as banned within the definitions of the WADA Prohibited List. The items studied have been chosen for investigation because the advertised content declarations show that major ingredients may fall into this banned category. It is clear that many of these fall into a designer steroid category, but others are already classified as banned. Issues relating to labelling, purity of contents identification of materials will be discussed. New trends in this ‘supplement’ market as well as trends in the sale of substances on the internet show a very disturbing pattern and the health of the public purchasing and using these products may be at risk.
Preoperative Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise for Early Continence After Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Antonia Centemero, Lorenzo Rigatti, Donatella Giraudo, Massimo Lazzeri, Giovanni Lughezzani, Daniela Zugna, Francesco Montorsi, Patrizio Rigatti, Giorgio Guazzoni
Journal: European Urology (2010)
Silent left ventricular dysfunction during routine activity after thrombolytic Therapy for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: David S. Kayden, Frans J.Th. Wackers, Barry L. Zaret
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)

To investigate prospectively the occurrence and significance of postinfarction transient left ventricular dysfunction, 33 ambulatory patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy after myocardial infarction were monitored continuously for 187 ± 56 min during normal activity with a radionuclide left ventricular function detector at the time of hospital discharge. Twelve patients demonstrated 19 episodes off transient left ventricular dysfunction (>0.05 decrease in ejection fraction, lasting ≥ 1 min), with no change in heart rate. Only two episodes in one patient were associated with chest pain and electrocardiographic changes. The baseline ejection fraction was 0.52 ± 0.12 in patients with transient left ventricular dysfunction and 0.51 ± 0.13 in patients without dysfunction (p = NS). At follow-up study (19.2 ± 5.4 months), cardiac events (unstable angina, myocardial infarction or death) occurred in 8 of 12 patients with but in only 3 of 21 patients without transient left ventricular dysfunction (p < 0.01). During submaximal supine bicycle exercise, only two patients demonstrated a decrease in ejection fraction >0.05 at peak exercise; neither had a subsequent cardiac event. These data suggest that transient episodes of silent left ventricular dysfunction at hospital discharge in patients treated with thrombolysis after myocardial infarction are common and associated with a poor outcome. Continuous left ventricular function monitoring during normal activity may provide prognostic information not available from submaximal exercise test results.
Abstract IA8-1: Pancreatic cancer stem cells and metastasis
Authors: William H. Matsui
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Emerging evidence suggest that cells within an in individual tumor are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous despite their clonal origins. Moreover, in several human cancers, the capacity to form tumors ectopically in immunodeficient mice is restricted to specific cell populations. The sustained proliferative capacity of these tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSC) has suggested that they play a major role in disease initiation and relapse, but their role in disease progression is less clear. We have studied the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an intracellular enzyme highly expressed in normal stem cells, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We found that ALDH+ pancreatic cancer cells are highly clonogenic both in vitro and in vivo and their presence in resected pancreatic primary tumors is significantly associated with shortened overall survival. ALDH+ cells were also commonly found in metastatic pancreatic cancer lesions even in patients whose primary tumors lacked ALDH expression. Progression to metastatic disease requires cell migration to ectopic sites in addition to clonogenic growth potential, and we found that ALDH+ cells expressed lower levels of E-CADHEDRIN and higher levels of SLUG consistent with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, compared to ALDHneg cells, ALDH+ pancreatic cancer cells were more invasive and migratory in vitro and metastatic in vivo. Therefore, in pancreatic carcinoma, CSC express key functional properties that suggest a major role in the formation of metastases and disease progression. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):IA8-1.
LOW OMEGA-3 LEVELS ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM OR SEVERELY OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY STENOSES
Authors: John S. Ho, John J. Cannaday, Carolyn E. Barlow, Dale B. Reinhardt, Wendy A. Wade, Joe R. Ellis, Larry W. Gibbons, Laura Defina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
NK Cell-Derived Interferon-γ Orchestrates Cellular Dynamics and the Differentiation of Monocytes into Dendritic Cells at the Site of Infection
Authors: Romina S. Goldszmid, Pat Caspar, Aymeric Rivollier, Sandy White, Amiran Dzutsev, Sara Hieny, Brian Kelsall, Giorgio Trinchieri, Alan Sher
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Hepatic adenomas induced by norethisterone in patients receiving renal dialysis.
Authors: P A Kalra, J A Guthrie, J B Dibble, J H Turney, A M Brownjohn
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Chlorpromazine and other psychotropic drugs with definite antidopa- minergic properties should be considered among the possible causes of idiopathic oedema.
The H4 histamine receptor agonist, clobenpropit, suppresses human cholangiocarcinoma progression by disruption of epithelial mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis
Authors: Fanyin Meng, Yuyan Han, Dustin Staloch, Taylor Francis, Allison Stokes, Heather Francis
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary cancer arising from damaged bile ducts. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs as epithelial cells begin to resemble mesenchymal cells leading to increased invasion potential as the extracellular matrix (ECM) degrades. Histamine exerts its effects by way of four receptors (H1-H4 HRs). Clobenpropit, a potent H4HR agonist, inhibits mammary adenocarcinoma growth. We have shown that (1) cholangiocytes and CCA cells express H1-H4 HRs and (2) the H3HR decreases CCA proliferation. We evaluated the effects of clobenpropit on CCA proliferation, invasion, EMT phenotypes, and ECM degradation. In vitro , we used CCA cell lines to study proliferation, signaling pathways, and the morphological invasive potential. Gene and protein expression of the hepatobiliary epithelial markers CK-7, CK-8, and CK-19, the focal contact protein paxillin, and the mesenchymal markers fibronectin, s100A4, and vimentin were evaluated. Cell invasion across an ECM layer was quantitated and matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, -3, -9, and -11 gene and protein expression was examined. Evaluation of the specific role of H4HR was performed by genetic knockdown of the H3HR and overexpression of H4HR. Proliferation was evaluated by proliferating cellular nuclear antigen immunoblotting. In vivo , xenograft tumors were treated with either vehicle or clobenpropit for 39 days. Tumor volume was recorded every other day. Clobenpropit significantly decreased CCA proliferation by way of a Ca 2+ -dependent pathway and altered morphological development and invasion. Loss of H3HR expression or overexpression of H4HR significantly decreased CCA proliferation. In vivo , clobenpropit inhibited xenograft tumor growth compared with controls. Conclusion: Modulation of H4HR by clobenpropit disrupts EMT processes, ECM breakdown, and invasion potential and decreases tumor growth. Interruption of tumorigenesis and invasion by histamine may add to therapeutic advances for CCAs. (Hepatology 2011;)
Abstract P1-13-01: Risk of recurrence following 5 years of adjuvant hormone therapy for hormone receptor positive early breast cancer.
Authors: C Lohrisch, C Speers, S Chia, H Kennecke, S Ellard, S Tyldesley
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Introduction The MA.17 study and combined analysis of the ATLAS and aTTom studies provide evidence of DFS and modest OS benefit from 10 years of hormone therapy (HT) for hormone receptor positive early breast cancer. The benefit may be less for women diagnosed today, due to advances in chemotherapy, initial HT, and radiation therapy since the era when these trials were conducted. Side effects accrue to all users of longer HT while benefit is experienced only by those who avoid recurrence, which is related to the baseline prognostic factors such as stage, grade, and disease biology. Methods To enhance informed patient-physician discussions, starting with a cohort of 10815 stage I-III hormone receptor breast cancer diagnoses between 1989 and 2004, we examined event-free survival (EFS) in years 5 to 10 among 1,061 premenopausal (&amp;lt;45 years at diagnosis) and 6,615 menopausal (≥50 years at diagnosis) women without documented relapse, CLBC, or death within the first 5 years. All patients were referred to the BC Cancer Agency (BCCA) with newly diagnosed disease, and all patients had adjuvant HT. EFS was defined as freedom from recurrence, from CLBC, or from breast cancer death without prior documented recurrence. Results Median follow up for the 7676 patients is 11 years. Event rates (including CLBC) in the second 5 years from diagnosis for stage I, II and III cancers were 6%, 12%, 23% for the pre-menopausal cohort, and 5%, 14%, 26% for the post-menopausal cohort. EFS in years 5-10 varied significantly by grade as shown below: EFS years 5-10 after ER+ early Breast CancerStage, gradeAge 45 and younger at diagnosisAge 50 and older at diagnosis NEvents% EFS years 5-10 (95% CI)NEvents% EFS years 5-10 (95% CI)I, grade 1110698.2 (92.9,99.5)10375795.4 (93.7,96.6)I, grade 21741692.1 (86.7,95.3)133811194.6 (93.1,95.7)I, grade 368593.4 (83.2,97.5)3642994.8 (91.8,96.8)II, grade 174889.6 (78.0,95.3)6056193.0 (90.5,94.9)II, grade 22905186.3 (81.6,89.9)177330786.6 (84.8,88.2)II, grade 32103090.4 (85.4,93.8)82318781.9 (78.9,84.5)III, grade 160100531175.6 (59.6,86.0)III, grade 2591574.3 (60.6,84.1)2526774.3 (67.8,79.8)III, grade 3521178.0 (62.1, 87.9)1504072.0 (62.8,79.3)CI, confidence Intervals Recurrences (excluding CLBC) after 10 years was 2% for the 10815 cases (representing 12% of all recurrences). Conclusion These data suggest that pre and postmenopausal women with stage I cancers of any grade, and postmenopausal women with stage II grade 1 cancers who have not experienced a relapse in the first five years can expect a less than 10% risk of recurrence, breast cancer death, or CLBC without further HT over the next 5 years. Prolonged HT in the identified groups may result in higher probability of harm than benefit and may best be avoided, although long term data will be needed to fully inform this risk benefit analysis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-13-01.
Impact of mutational status on outcomes in myelofibrosis patients treated with ruxolitinib in the COMFORT-II study
Authors: Paola Guglielmelli, Flavia Biamonte, Giada Rotunno, Valentina Artusi, Lucia Artuso, Isabella Bernardis, Elena Tenedini, Lisa Pieri, Chiara Paoli, Carmela Mannarelli, Rajmonda Fjerza, Elisa Rumi, Viktoriya Stalbovskaya, Matthew Squires, Mario Cazzola, Rossella Manfredini, Claire Harrison, Enrico Tagliafico, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Induction of expression of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger in rat myocardium
Authors: J. R. Dyck, T. G Maddaford, G. N Pierce, L. Fliegel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The aim was to examine the regulation of the cardiac Na+/H+ exchanger NHE-1 isoform mRNA in response to ischaemia and acidosis in the mammalian myocardium. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rat hearts were perfused in a non-circulated retrograde fashion according to the Langendorff method. Hearts were perfused for 3 h at flow rates of either 10 ml·min−1 (control), or 3, 1, or 0 ml·min−1 (ischaemia) followed by 5 min of reperfusion. Hearts were immediately frozen in liquid N2, and stored at −80 °C until ready for RNA isolation. Northern blot analysis was used to examine expression of the NHE-1 isoform of the Na+/H+ exchanger message in these isolated perfused hearts. Activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger was assessed in primary cultures of neonatal rat myocytes under either control conditions or after treatment with chronic, low external pH. Results: A decrease in developed tension and an increase in resting tension was observed which was dependent upon the severity of the ischaemic episode. Low flow ischaemia of 3 ml·min−1 caused increased Na+/H+ exchanger message levels, while perfusion at more reduced flow rates eliminated the increase. Treatment of primary cultures of isolated myocytes with low external pH resulted in increased ability to recover from an acute acid load. Conclusions: Low flow ischaemia can increase the Na+/H+ exchanger message in the intact mammalian myocardium. More severe ischaemia prevents the increase, suggesting that severely damaged tissue may not be capable of the ischaemic response. Primary cultures of isolated myocytes can respond to chronic low external pH by increasing Na+/H+ exchanger activity.
Tissue Adhesives for Laceration Closure
Authors: Judd E. Hollander
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Quinn and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have provided a timely and well-performed study demonstrating the advantages of wound closure with octylcyanoacrylate adhesives. Although we too are enthusiastic about the use of newer tissue adhesives,<sup>2</sup>it is important for physicians to be aware that this new wound closure device will not completely replace sutures. It is our fear that widespread use of tissue adhesives may result in inappropriate wound selection and care. Based on characteristics of lacerations enrolled in our 5500 patient emergency department (ED) wound registry and the wound characteristics amenable to closure with tissue adhesives, we estimate that 30% to 40% of lacerations treated in the ED might be amenable to such closure (unpublished data, May 1997). In addition, we are concerned that practitioners at clinics and other venues who are less experienced in wound closure techniques might elect to use adhesives, because these agents are
Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women After Hormone Therapy—Reply
Authors: Rowan T. Chlebowski, Marcia L. Stefanick, Garnet L. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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