tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF THE NEUROFIBRILS IN DEMENTIA PARALYTICA, DEMENTIA SENILIS, CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM, CEREBRAL LUES AND MICROCEPHALIC IDIOCY
Authors: Solomon C. Fuller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1907)

It has been indicated throughout this paper that great caution must be exercised in the interpretation of the alterations which the neurofibrils present in material from pathological sources, a caution which in the light of our present knowledge cannot be too strongly emphasized. The writer believes, nevertheless, from a study of these 14 cases and 40 others which have been examined in the laboratory of the Westborough Insane Hospital but not reported, and after due consideration of the objections which have been raised, that alterations in the neurofibrils which might well be considered pathological, may be demonstrated in the cerebral cortex of persons dying insane. (a) The alterations in the neurofibrils when taken alone do not appear to have any greater value for diagnostic purposes than the mere disintegration of the tigroid masses in a Nissl preparation. (b) The poverty in cell processes the more or less universal tinging of the nucleus and destruction of the finer intercellular fibrils characterize the silver impregnation of the dementia paralytica cortex, whereas fair preservation of the dendrites and an equally diffuse destruction of intercellular fibrils, but without special preference for the finest elements, is the rule in dementia senilis. (c) The alterations in the remaining groups of cases reported suggest that these changes may be due to a variety of causes, such as œdema, faulty nutrition or development and the direct action of intoxications introduced from without. (d) Alterations in the neurofibrils such as granular disintegration, fragmentation, localized swellings, rarefaction and complete destruction were to be found in varying stages of intensity in all of our cases. (e) Just as the ensemble in a Nissl preparation is of value in determining a dementia paralytica or in differentiating a luetic meningeal or perivascular infiltration, in almost to the same degree may the sum of the findings in a silver impregnation for neurofibrils be employed in making an anatomical diagnosis of dementia paralytica, or in differentiating it from a disease with a dystrophic substratum such as dementia senilis.
Pulmonary Vein Diameter Reduction After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Evaluated by Contrast-Enhanced Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Thorsten Dill, Thomas Neumann, Okan Ekinci, Christiane Breidenbach, Anna John, Ali Erdogan, Georg Bachmann, Christian W. Hamm, Heinz-F. Pitschner
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a promising intervention to treat atrial fibrillation. However, pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis after RFCA has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and time course of pulmonary vein stenosis after RFCA within a period of 3 months. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was used to visualize pulmonary veins and was compared with radiographic angiography.Forty-six consecutive patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation had RFCA in the orifice of 138 pulmonary veins. Comparison of diameters measured in 44 untreated vessels either by radiographic angiography or with MRA established the reliability of MRA (r=0.934). MRA measurements revealed an incidence of relevant diameter reductions of > or =25% or stenosis of > or =50% after RFCA of 25 of 138 (18.1%) treated vessels 1 day and/or 3 months after ablation. A progression of diameter reduction after RFCA was observed in 8.3% (maximum 75%), whereas a regression was observed in 6.3% of treated PVs. Ablation at a radial angle of >180 degrees of a pulmonary vein orifice increased the risk of diameter reduction significantly compared with ablation at a radial angle < or =180 degrees (P=0.002).The occurrence and progression of PV stenosis is a potential significant complication of RFCA in the orifice of pulmonary veins. These findings may have an impact on the technical performance of this intervention. In addition, long-term studies will be necessary to evaluate lumen reduction over time. MRA is a noninvasive, reproducible imaging modality for this purpose.
Delays in hospital admission and investigation in acute stroke
Authors: N. E Anderson, J. B Broad, R. Bonita
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Delays in admission to hospital and investigation hinder recruitment into trials of acute stroke manage- ment.It is therefore important to determine the factors impeding recruitment in stroke trials.The interval between the onset of symptoms and completion of brain computed tomography during a population based study of stroke provided an estimate of the number of patients with stroke who would be suitable for recruitment in clinical trials.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Therapy in Diabetes: Physiologic Basis, Clinical Benefits, and Risks
Authors: Jerzy W. Kolaczynski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review the effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and to discuss the clinical benefits and risks of using it in patients with diabetes. Data Sources: Recent publications identified through a MEDLINE search using relevant keywords. Study Selection: Selected studies on the metabolic effects and kinetic mechanisms of in vitro IGF-1 and existing literature on the effects of IGF-1 on glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo with special emphasis on data from humans. Data Synthesis: The substantial stimulatory effect of IGF-1 on glucose uptake suggests that, in selected clinical situations, the drug may be an alternative to standard treatment of diabetes. Metabolic control in patients with extreme insulin resistance is improved after using IGF-1. Moreover, patients with type II (non–insulin-dependent) diabetes who receive IGF-1 have improved glucose tolerance and decreased hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The complications associated with long-term administration of IGF-1 are unknown but might include the progression of certain neoplasms and diabetic complications, such as nephropathy and retinopathy. Conclusions: Insulin-like growth factor-1 may be a useful adjunct for treatment of diabetes and may even be the drug of choice in some patients with extreme insulin resistance who have metabolic emergencies. However, further data are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of IGF-1 use in diabetes and in other states associated with impaired insulin action.
Dusts and lungs
Authors: H. Weill
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Cutaneous vasomotor reflexes (CVR), the transient waves of cutaneous vasoconstriction after stimuli, such as a cough, were recorded from the digits of patients with unilateral frontoparietal lesions using a laser doppler flowmeter. Vasoconstriction was 6-15 times greater on the fingers contralateral to the lesions, an effect which was independent of the temperature difference between limbs. CVRs may be tonically inhibited under normal circumstances by control from the cerebral hemispheres.
Iodine-131 and Thyroid Function: Ostroumova et al. Respond
Authors: Evgenia Ostroumova, Alexander Rozhko, Maureen Hatch, Kyoji Furukawa, Olga Polyanskaya, Robert J. McConnell, Eldar Nadyrov, Sergey Petrenko, George Romanov, Vasilina Yauseyenka, Vladimir Drozdovitch, Viktor Minenko, Alexander Prokopovich, Irina Savasteeva, Lydia B. Zablotska, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Alina V. Brenner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)
CD8αα + Innate-Type Lymphocytes in the Intestinal Epithelium Mediate Mucosal Immunity
Authors: Luc Van Kaer, Holly M. Scott Algood, Kshipra Singh, Vrajesh V. Parekh, Michael J. Greer, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Jörn-Hendrik Weitkamp, Pranathi Matta, Rupesh Chaturvedi, Keith T. Wilson, Danyvid Olivares-Villagómez
Journal: Immunity (2014)
TWELVE MONTH PERSISTENCE OF POOR RESPONSE TO ASPIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE ENROLLED IN THE EFFECT OF LIPID MODIFICATION ON PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE AFTER ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTION TRIAL (ELIMIT)
Authors: Justin T. Saunders, Vijay Nambi, Salim Virani, Eric Yang, Angela Bergeron, Husam Athamneh, Anirudh Kumar, Joel D. Morrisett, Alan Lumsden, Changyi Chen, Peter Lin, Carlos Bechara, Christie M. Ballantyne, Jing-Fei Dong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A Totally Implantable Drug Infusion Defice: Laboratory and Clinical Experience Using a Model with Single Flow Rate and New Design for Modulated Insulin Infusion
Authors: Henry Buchwald, Thomas D Rohde, Frank D Dorman, James G Skakoon, Bruce D Wigness, Frank R Prosl, Elton M Tucker, Tucker G Rublein, Perry J Blackshear, Richard L Varco
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The Infusaid implantable infusion pump with a single delivery rate has maintained chronic intravenous heparin infusion in man for greater than 35 mo and for greater than 5 yr in the dog. Intra-arterial infuson of fluorodeoxyuridine has been maintained for greater than 8 mo in man. In a pilot study using a commercially available, transcutaneously controllable, magnetically activated valve for baseline superimposed bolus insulin infusion, the feasibility of maintaining near normal serum glucose in diabetic dogs was demonstrated. The effect of long-term intravenous cannulation was investigated; it was found that the intimal tissues of the vena cava surrounding the cannulae were largely unaltered and microemboli could not be detected in the lungs of the animals studied. Cannula plugging, which occurred on several occasions due to thrombus formation in the final centimeter of the cannula, has been solved by changes in pump design and refilling procedures. The problem of insulin precipitation in flow passages of the pump remains unsolved, but there are indications that substances entering the cannula from the blood may be involved. A new pump design for modulated insulin infusion is described.
The Parent's Pediatric Companion
Authors: Basil J. Zitelli
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"Everything you wanted to ask your pediatrician but wouldn't or couldn't" might serve as a subtitle for Simon and Cohen's<i>The Parent's Pediatric Companion</i>. Written in the first person to simulate a conversation with a pediatrician, this book answers the numerous questions that inquisitive and sometimes anxious parents raise about their children. Most issues addressed are "nondiseases"—harmless conditions that sometimes are glossed over in discussions with the family but yet may cause concern. Simon and Cohen have written the text to enhance the relationship between parents and their pediatrician. The authors hope to prevent unnecessary anxiety from blocking parents' "pure enjoyment of their wonderful, exuberantly healthy children." <i>Companion</i>is divided into three major sections: Newborn, Preschooler, and Older Child. Each has similar chapters, that deal with common variations and problems in particular anatomical areas. The discussions are introduced with a common description of the problem along with the medical term.
Dynamicity of the J-Wave in Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation With a Special Reference to Pause-Dependent Augmentation of the J-Wave
Authors: Yoshifusa Aizawa, Akinori Sato, Hiroshi Watanabe, Masaomi Chinushi, Hiroshi Furushima, Minoru Horie, Yoshiaki Kaneko, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Kimie Okubo, Ichiro Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Shinozaki, Yoshiyasu Aizawa, Keiichi Fukuda, Kunitake Joo, Michel Haissaguerre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Arizona cypress (<i>Cupressus arizoniea</i>) pollen allergens. Identification of crossreactive periodate‐resistant and ‐sensitive epitopes with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: B. Barletta, R. Tinghino, S. Corinti, C. Afferni, P. Iacovacci, A. Mari, C. Pini, G. Di Felice
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Species of the Cupressaceae family are a worldwide cause of respiratory allergies. We used monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to investigate the presence and the nature of cross-reacting epitopes shared by various components within Cupressus arizonica pollen extract (CaE) or by CaE and pollen extract from C. sempervirens (CsE). mAbs were produced in mice immunized with whole CaE (4A6 and 5E6) or with the major allergen components (2D5). Their reactivity was investigated by ELISA and immunoblotting before and after CaE periodate treatment. Cross-reactivity was evaluated by ELISA inhibition and immunoblotting. mAbs 2D5 and 4A6 recognized periodate-resistant epitopes, whereas the mAb 5E6 reacted with a periodate-sensitive determinant. The former mAbs recognized epitopes present on CaE major allergen and also shared by other components. mAb 5E6 showed a spread reactivity on CaE, with exclusion of the major allergen. When the three mAbs were tested with CsE, a restricted pattern of reactivity to mAbs 2D5 and 4A6 was obtained, whereas mAb 5E6 maintained a spread reactivity. The CaE major allergen is represented by two components recognized by human IgE and sharing common epitopes, as proven by mAbs reactivity. The use of these mAbs demonstrates that cross-reactivity within CaE components and between CaE and CsE is due to the presence of periodate-sensitive as well as -resistant epitopes.
Biopsychobehavioral model of severe hypoglycemia. II. Understanding the risk of severe hypoglycemia.
Authors: D J Cox, L A Gonder-Frederick, B P Kovatchev, D L Young-Hyman, T W Donner, D M Julian, W L Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical/research utility of the biopsycho-behavioral model of severe hypoglycemia in differentiating patients with and without a history of severe hypoglycemia and in predicting occurrence of future severe hypoglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 93 adults with type 1 diabetes (mean age 35.8 years, duration of diabetes 16 +/- 10 years, HbA1 8.6 +/- 1.8%), 42 of whom had a recent history of recurrent severe hypoglycemia (SH) and 51 who did not (NoSH), used a handheld computer for 70 trials during 1 month recording cognitive-motor functioning, symptoms, blood glucose (BG) estimates, judgments concerning self-treatment of BG, actual BG readings, and actual treatment of low BG. For the next 6 months, patients recorded occurrence of severe hypoglycemia. RESULTS: SH patients demonstrated significantly more frequent and extreme low BG readings (low BG index), greater cognitive-motor impairments during hypoglycemia, fewer perceived symptoms of hypoglycemia, and poorer detection of hypoglycemia. SH patients were also less likely to treat their hypoglycemia with glucose and more likely to treat with general foods. Low BG index, magnitude of hypoglycemia-impaired ability to do mental subtraction, and awareness of neuroglycopenia, neurogenic symptoms, and hypoglycemia correlated separately with number of SH episodes in the subsequent 6 months. However, only low BG index, hypoglycemia-impaired ability to do mental subtraction, and awareness of hypoglycemia entered into a regression model predicting future severe hypoglycemia (R2 = 0.25, P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia differed on five of the seven steps of the biopsychobehavioral model of severe hypoglycemia. Helping patients with a recent history of severe hypoglycemia to reduce the frequency of their low-BG events, become more sensitive to early signs of neuroglycopenia and neurogenic symptoms, better recognize occurrence of low BG, and use fast-acting glucose more frequently in the treatment of low BG, may reduce occurrence of future severe hypoglycemia.
The Regulation of Metabolism and Energy Release in Contracting Muscle
Authors: John V. Taggart, WILFRIED F. H. M. MOMMAERTS
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A brief review has been given of our present knowledge of the nature of the chemical events coupled with muscular contraction. Although there are experiments that fail to demonstrate a breakdown of ATP in the contraction of living muscle, these may yet yield to special explanations, leaving the conclusion that a breakdown of ATP is the reaction most closely related to the mechanical activity of the contractile structure. Owing to a rapid rephosphorylation reaction, this event appears in the form of a breakdown of phosphocreatine. The amount of energy liberated in contraction may be written as the sum of 3 quantities (a) activation energy, (b) shortening energy, and (c) work. It appears that, chemically, these correspond to 3 distinct quantities of phosphocreatine breakdown. The matter is complicated by the fact that the activation energy is not constant but may diminish as the muscle shortens. This may be little noticeable in frog sartorius muscle (dependent on the treatment) but appears to be pronounced in the heart, where it leads to the classical observation that work against a high pressure is performed less efficiently than work raised by ejections of an increased volume.
Fleeting Wisdom-Reply
Authors: Laurence J. Purdy
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Both Dr Resneck and Dr Auerbach make valuable suggestions. In particular, Dr Auerbach offers an alternative approach to the treatment of basal cell carcinoma on the face of very old patients, whereas Dr Resneck recounts a valuable, if not horrific, anecdote in counterpoint to my own. In conjunction with the point I attempted to make in my article, the implicit chord sounded in Dr Resneck's letter is the utter lack of standardized approaches to treatment in ancient patients. Of necessity, all suggestions regarding treatment of almost any type in centenarians are subjective and no doubt based in large part on personal observation and opinion.  Dr Resneck's experience shows the other side of the coin, the one in which withholding treatment produces dramatically disfiguring results. Certainly the patient, as Dr Resneck maintains, or the patient's guardian in the event of mental incompetency, should have the final word regarding treatment.
Chondroitin Sulfate E Fragments Enhance CD44 Cleavage and CD44-Dependent Motility in Tumor Cells
Authors: Kazuki N. Sugahara, Takako Hirata, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Shinji Ogino, Mitsuhiro Takeda, Hiroaki Terasawa, Ichio Shimada, Jun-ichi Tamura, Gerdy B. ten Dam, Toin H. van Kuppevelt, Masayuki Miyasaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract During tumor cell invasion, certain extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as hyaluronan (HA) are degraded into small oligosaccharides, which are detected in patients. We previously reported that such HA oligosaccharides induce the proteolytic cleavage of an ECM-binding molecule CD44 from tumor cells and promote tumor cell migration in a CD44-dependent manner. Here, we report that chondroitin sulfate E (CSE), another component of the tumor ECM, strongly enhances CD44 cleavage and tumor cell motility when degraded into oligosaccharides. CSE and its degradation products were detected in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In CD44-expressing pancreatic tumor cells, degraded forms of CSE but not intact CSE enhanced CD44 cleavage; enzymatic digestion of such low-molecular weight CSE (LMW-CSE) abrogated this enhancement. Among the LMW-CSE preparations examined, 3-kDa CSE most potently induced CD44 cleavage. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis showed that the 3-kDa-CSE bound to CD44, and that blocking such binding abrogated the CD44 cleavage induction. LMW-CSE also induced prominent filopodia formation and cytoskeletal changes in tumor cells; these effects were also abrogated by blocking the LMW-CSE binding to CD44. Chemically synthesized CSE hexasaccharides also enhanced the CD44 cleavage and tumor cell motility in a CD44-dependent manner. We conclude that the degraded forms of CSE modulate cell adhesion and migration by interacting with tumor-cell CD44, suggesting that the degradation products of tumor-associated ECMs that interact with CD44 play a significant role in CD44-mediated tumor progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):7191–9]
Valsalva termination of ventricular tachycardia.
Authors: M B Waxman, R W Wald, J P Finley, J F Bonet, E Downar, A D Sharma
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Nine patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (VT) that could be repeatedly terminated by a Valsalva maneuver are described. In two, the tachycardia would cease for only a few seconds and then resume, whereas in seven, the tachycardia could be permanently and reproducibly terminated with a Valsalva maneuver. In all patients the tachycardia ended during the strain phase of the Valsalva maneuver, when blood pressure and radiographic measurement indicated that cardiac dimensions had been reduced dramatically. The speed with which the Valsalva maneuver terminated VT incresed in direct proportion to the strain pressure. Maneuvers such as standing or nitroglycerin, which independently reduce cardiac dimensions, enhanced the potency of the Valsalva maneuvers. Pretreatment with atropine or propranolol in four patients did not alter the response of VT to the Valsalva maneuver. Thus, it appears that a strong Valsalva maneuver can terminate some forms of VT, most likely related to an abrupt reduction in cardiac dimensions.
Different use of T cell receptor transducing modules in two populations of gut intraepithelial lymphocytes are related to distinct pathways of T cell differentiation.
Authors: D Guy-Grand, B Rocha, P Mintz, M Malassis-Seris, F Selz, B Malissen, P Vassalli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Most gut intraepithelial cells (IEL) of the mouse are T cells that bear CD8 molecules, present either as alpha-beta chain heterodimers (CD8 beta+) or as alpha chain homodimers (CD8 beta-). All CD8 beta+ IEL bear alpha/beta T cell receptors (TCR); CD8 beta- IEL bear either alpha/beta or gamma/delta TCR and are considered to be a thymus-independent (TI) population, probably arising locally from a small fraction of CD3- IEL containing the recombinant activating gene RAG proteins. Here we report that TI CD8 beta- IEL, whether bearing alpha/beta or gamma/delta TCR, contain, in normal mice, mRNAs for both zeta and Fc epsilon RI gamma chains. These chains are present in their CD3-TCR complexes as homo- or heterodimers. In contrast, only zeta chain mRNA and homodimers are found in gut CD8 alpha/beta+ IEL and in peripheral T lymphocytes. Intestinal CD3- precursor cells contain only gamma chain, and CD3- IL-2R+ thymocyte precursors only zeta chain mRNAs. Only very primitive thymocyte precursors contain detectable gamma chain mRNA, and it thus appears that Fc epsilon RI gamma chain use is switched off at a very early stage during thymocyte differentiation. Thus, T cell differentiation in the gut epithelium differs from that occurring in the thymus, from which CD8 beta+ IEL appear to derive. Use of different TCR transducing modules and CD8 accessory molecules between the TI and the thymus-derived T cell populations provides an explanation for their difference in reactivity to antigenic stimulations and thus in selection of repertoires.