tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3566: Altering the expression levels of CRABPII and FABP5 by curcumin sensitizes MDA-MB231 mammary carcinoma cells to retinoic acid mediated growth suppression.
Authors: Padmamalini Thulasiraman, Daniel McAndrews
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Although great progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, drug resistance is a major problem in breast cancer patients, promoting the need to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease and identify future targeted therapy. Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol extracted from the plant, Curcuma Longa, has been reported to possess anti-tumorigenic properties in several different cancers. Curcumin has been widely used in combination with other therapies to enhance apoptosis and promote anti-carcinogenic activities. In this study, we explore the effect of curcumin on retinoic acid binding proteins, cellular retinoic acid binding protein II (CRABPII) and fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5). Retinoic acid (RA) can inhibit carcinoma cell growth by activating nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR) but enhances cell proliferation and survival by activating a different nuclear receptor, namely PPARβ/δ (peroxisome proliferator activated-protein β/δ). The hormone is either targeted to RAR by CRABPII, or delivered to PPARβ/δ by FABP5. Hence, RA exerts anticarcinogenic activities in cells that express a high CRABPII/FABP5 ratio but facilitates the growth of carcinoma cells in which this ratio is low. We investigated whether curcumin can alter the ratio of CRABPII/FABP5 and promote retinoic acid mediated growth suppression in RA resistant MDA-MB231 mammary carcinoma cells. Using quantititive real-time PCR, we report that 30 μM curcumin suppresses the mRNA level of FABP5 and PPARβ/δ, while concomitantly enhances CRABPII mRNA expression by 3-fold. Additionally, we performed western blot analysis and demonstrated that in addition to the downregulation of FABP5 mRNA,curcumin downregulates the protein expression of FABP5 by approximately 50%. Interestingly, we have observed that curcumin sensitizes MDA-MB231 cells to retinoic acid mediated growth suppression by using MTT assay. The combination of curcumin with RA suppresses mammary carcinoma growth of MDA-MB231 cells by 30-40% in comparison to curcumin alone. Thus, altering the expression level of CRABPII and FABP5 by curcumin diverts the RA signalling from the proliferative FABP5/PPARβ/δ pathway to the growth inhibitory CRABPII/RAR path and sensitizes MDA-MB231 cells to RA-mediated growth suppression. Citation Format: Padmamalini Thulasiraman, Daniel McAndrews. Altering the expression levels of CRABPII and FABP5 by curcumin sensitizes MDA-MB231 mammary carcinoma cells to retinoic acid mediated growth suppression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3566. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3566
Red Cross alleged to have complained to US over torture
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) said it could neither confirm nor deny a newspaper report on Tuesday that it had complained to the US authorities that prisoners at Guantanamo Bay were being tortured with the help of doctors.

Doctors and other medical staff conveyed information about prisoners' mental health and vulnerabilities to interrogators in violation of their duty to uphold patient confidentiality, said a report in the New York Times published on 30 November.

US authorities have denied using medical files …
Abstract 536: Elucidating the role of miRNA-31 in retinoblastoma
Authors: Vanessa Montoya, Paul J. Bryar, Marilyn Mets, Joanna Weinstein, Nikia Laurie
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric ocular cancer. Although early detection of the disease may have a favorable outcome for the patient, retinoblastoma can aggressively develop and become fatal. Current treatment strategies include focal therapies, chemotherapy and in more severe cases, enucleation (removal of the eye) is necessary. This cancer may initiate from acquired or inherited mutations in the RB1 gene. As a result, the mutant retinal cell is conferred an unrestrained proliferative ability that is facilitated by multiple genetic events. Determining the mechanism(s) responsible for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis may provide an alternative treatment strategy that may delay enucleation, prevent toxic side effects from chemotherapy, or even prevent metastatic spread altogether. Genetic factors that are highly involved in both carcinogenesis and homeostasis are often regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs are small, non-coding molecules that negatively regulate gene expression by mediating mRNA cleavage and/or disrupting protein synthesis. Our rationale for this study is that investigating aberrant miRNA regulation in retinoblastoma will enable us to identify key genetic factors that can be targeted therapeutically. Our miRNA array suggests that there is a significant number of miRNAs whose expression is significantly downregulated between retinoblastoma tumors and normal human retinae. From this data, we have identified candidate miRNAs, such as miRNA-31, that have been previously reported to have an important anti-metastatic role in different cancer types. We are currently investigating the role of these miRNAs in regulating retinoblastoma progression. These functional studies will allow us to determine how increasing miRNA expression in retinoblastoma models can disrupt important signaling pathways associated with retinoblastoma progression and invasion. Citation Format: Vanessa Montoya, Paul J. Bryar, Marilyn Mets, Joanna Weinstein, Nikia Laurie. Elucidating the role of miRNA-31 in retinoblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 536. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-536
Childhood Lead Poisoning: Conservative Estimates of the Social and Economic Benefits of Lead Hazard Control
Authors: Elise Gould
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundThis study is a cost–benefit analysis that quantifies the social and economic benefits to household lead paint hazard control compared with the investments needed to minimize exposure to these hazards.ObjectivesThis research updates estimates of elevated blood lead levels among a cohort of children ≤ 6 years of age and compiles recent research to determine a range of the costs of lead paint hazard control ($1–$11 billion) and the benefits of reduction attributed to each cohort for health care ($11–$53 billion), lifetime earnings ($165–$233 billion), tax revenue ($25–$35 billion), special education ($30–$146 million), attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder ($267 million), and the direct costs of crime ($1.7 billion).ResultsEach dollar invested in lead paint hazard control results in a return of $17–$221 or a net savings of $181–269 billion.ConclusionsThere are substantial returns to investing in lead hazard control, particularly targeted at early intervention in communities most likely at risk. Given the high societal costs of inaction, lead hazard control appears to be well worth the price.
Editorial: Arterial replacement: failure of synthetic prostheses
Authors: H. H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Cooke and his co-workers<sup>1</sup>reported three cases of aneurysmal dilation (one with fatal rupture) in Dacron aortic prosthetic grafts. The authors noted that, although similar instances of Dacron prosthesis failure in peripheral arteries had been reported, they could find no previous record of dilation of an aortic prosthesis. Two of the dilated prostheses were recovered, but, despite extensive testing, reasons for graft failure were not identified. In editorial comment on the report by Cooke et al, Deterling<sup>2</sup>stated "that when using manufactured devices for human spare parts, one must commit himself to a followup of such a patient for his remaining life." Only by this means will the safety and effectiveness of the spare part become known. Deterling concluded with a plea for reporting all graft failures, preferably with identifying details of material and construction and an attempt to evaluate factors responsible for failure. In the current issue
Health takes centre stage in election campaigns in Scotland and Wales
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Health care has taken centre stage in the party political campaigns for the national elections in Scotland and Wales on 1 May.

In Scotland a general consensus has emerged among the four major parties on the future of the health service, although the Scottish Conservatives plan to restore GP fundholding and introduce foundation hospitals.

Scottish Labour, the Scottish National party (SNP), and the Scottish Liberal Democrats all support the removal of a tier of bureaucracy through the abolition of NHS trusts. Labour …
HIV-1 Viral Load Assays for Resource-Limited Settings: Authors' Reply
Authors: Susan A Fiscus
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

We thank Drs. Preiser Drexler and Drosten for their letter and share their concerns regarding HIV-1 viral load assays in resource-limited settings. The real-time RT-PCR (reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) assay they have developed had not yet been published when our review was submitted or revised. As noted in Table 1 of our review many of the current viral load assays require additional evaluation with different subtypes and others may underestimate non-B subtypes. In addition under the heading What is needed for implementation of simplified viral load testing? we state First each country must determine if the assay will quantify subtypes common in the region and is appropriate for the technical staff and laboratory equipment available. In-house assays require production optimization validation and quality assurance of all reagents which is challenging in any circumstances and would be extremely difficult in laboratories in most resource-limited settings. Real-time PCR instruments are expensive and maintenance in many places would be a problem.   (excerpt)
Managing Behavior Problems in Nursing Homes-Reply
Authors: Stephen F. Jencks
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  In our editorial, we noted, Prescribing psychotropic drugs without an appropriate psychiatric diagnosis is an established practice not only in nursing homes but also in the offices of primary care physicians, where the majority of psychotropic drugs are prescribed without a recorded diagnosis of mental disorder. Clearly, therefore, we recognize a systems problem that should be addressed. But Mr Thurston states,  Any [emphasis added] effort to ensure appropriate neuroleptic use and thus better patient care must [emphasis added] clearly be a systems approach. We fear that such emphasis on a systems approach may imply that nursing homes cannot be expected to achieve change until the entire health care system has changed. Experience since implementation of the Health Care Financing Administration regulation, however, supports our belief that nursing homes can achieve major improvements in prescribing practices immediately.
Evidence based general practice
Authors: J P Richards
Journal: BMJ (1997)

We were talking over coffee and agreed that the management of uncertainty used to be the greatest art of general practice. My first consultation after coffee was with Michael. He came to tell me how he had been getting on. Six months ago he had consulted with a cough and a cold. He was a healthy 73 year old who rarely consulted the doctor.

Our health promotion targets were looking beyond our reach and I knew that I ought to take this opportunity to check his blood pressure. It was 192/95 mm Hg. His experiences following that finding have led me to reflect on the art of modern general practice. This can be encapsulated as: “patient centred, evidence based, effective, efficient, appropriate, and acceptable care provided within a primary care led National Health Service.”

This is what has happened to Michael as I have endeavoured to provide such a service for him. Our nurses checked his blood pressure four times to establish the “diagnosis” of systolic hypertension. …
Simplified Deferoxamine Test in Normal, Diabetic, and Iron-Overload Patients
Authors: Barbara J. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The effect of a single intramuscular injection of deferoxamine mesylate, a potent iron chelating agent, on six-hour urinary iron excretion was used as a simplified screening test for iron-storage disease. Sixteen normal, 12 diabetic, and 12 iron-overload patients were studied. The diabetic group showed a significant decrease in transferrin and in pre- and post-deferoxamine urinary iron excretion. Eleven patients in the iron-overload group exhibited varied but marked increase in serum iron levels and in pre- and post-deferoxamine urinary iron excretion. The 12th subject had iron deficiency as the result of many phlebotomies; the deferoxamine-test results were corroborated by absence of iron on liver biopsy. A range of values was proposed to set limits for normal and iron-overload groups.
Regional expression of intestinal genes for nutrient absorption.
Authors: C J Shaw-Smith, J R Walters
Journal: Gut (1997)

Leading articleRegional expression of intestinal genes for nutrient absorption Many genes are specifically expressed in the intestine and produce the proteins that digest and absorb the diverse nutrient molecules in the diet.Despite apparent similarities of the mucosa in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, these regions differ in their abilities to absorb various nutrients.Clinical awareness of these differences is perhaps most obvious in vitamin B12 malabsorption following terminal ileal disease or resection, but there are many other examples including distal intestinal absorption of bile salts, proximal absorption of calcium and iron, and the various electrolyte transporters that produce net fluid secretion proximally but absorption distally.'These anatomical differences become important in the treatment of patients with the short bowel syndrome where certain, but not all, nutrient systems are capable of adaptation.Recent work is giving a better understanding of the fundamental reasons for these regional variations in gene expression, which are believed to underpin differences in cell and tissue differentiation.This article will review patterns of differentiation in intestinal cells and the control of the expression of nutrient transport genes by specific transcription factors.
Relapse of acute promyelocytic leukemia with PML-RARα mutant subclones independent of proximate all-trans retinoic acid selection pressure
Authors: R E Gallagher, E L Schachter-Tokarz, D-C Zhou, W Ding, S H Kim, B J Sankoorikal, W Bi, K J Livak, J L Slack, C L Willman
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
PROLONGATION OF THE P-R INTERVAL AS A MANIFESTATION OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: John J. Blizzard
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The cardiovascular manifestations of thyrotoxicosis such as tachycardia, palpitations, and increased pulse pressure are well known. In some instances of thyrotoxicosis chest roentgenograms show straightening of the left cardiac border which simulates the roentgenographic pattern seen in patients with auricular enlargement.<sup>1</sup>Likewise, in patients with hyperthyroidism a variety of electrocardiographic changes have been described. These include sinus tachycardia, auricular fibrillation, increased amplitude of R-II, and increased duration of the QRS complex.<sup>1</sup>However, the more recent reports of the electrocardiographic changes in thyrotoxicosis, while stressing the above changes, do not report any alterations in the P-R interval.<sup>2</sup> Our interest in changes in the P-R interval in the electrocardiograms of patients with thyrotoxicosis was stimulated by the question of whether a patient with thyrotoxicosis, straightening of the left cardiac border on chest roentgenogram, sinus tachycardia at a rate of 126 and a P-R interval of 0.26 seconds had intrinsic
Prenatal Phthalate Exposure Is Associated with Childhood Behavior and Executive Functioning
Authors: Stephanie M. Engel, Amir Miodovnik, Richard L. Canfield, Chenbo Zhu, Manori J. Silva, Antonia M. Calafat, Mary S. Wolff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Experimental and observational studies have reported biological consequences of phthalate exposure relevant to neurodevelopment.Our goal was to examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with behavior and executive functioning at 4-9 years of age.The Mount Sinai Children's Environmental Health Study enrolled a multiethnic prenatal population in New York City between 1998 and 2002 (n = 404). Third-trimester maternal urines were collected and analyzed for phthalate metabolites. Children (n = 188, n = 365 visits) were assessed for cognitive and behavioral development between the ages of 4 and 9 years.In multivariate adjusted models, increased loge concentrations of low molecular weight (LMW) phthalate metabolites were associated with poorer scores on the aggression [beta = 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.15- 2.34], conduct problems (beta = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.34-3.46), attention problems (beta = 1.29; 95% CI, 0.16- 2.41), and depression (beta = 1.18; 95% CI, 0.11-2.24) clinical scales; and externalizing problems (beta = 1.75; 95% CI, 0.61-2.88) and behavioral symptom index (beta = 1.55; 95% CI, 0.39-2.71) composite scales. Increased loge concentrations of LMW phthalates were also associated with poorer scores on the global executive composite index (beta = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.09-2.36) and the emotional control scale (beta = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.18- 2.49).Behavioral domains adversely associated with prenatal exposure to LMW phthalates in our study are commonly found to be affected in children clinically diagnosed with conduct or attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
Geriatrics and Internal Medicine
Authors: ROBERT N. BUTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

If medical education is to respond adequately to the growing number of citizens encompassed by the field of geriatric medicine, it must intensify its commitment to the special health and health-related problems of the elderly at every level, from student to certified specialist. This paper discusses the various intellectual, epidemiologic, economic, and attitudinal factors related to the teaching and practice of geriatric medicine. The emergence of a positive philosophy emphasizing coping and possible reversibility of disease is vital. The recent report of the Institute of Medicine on Aging and Medical Education is also reviewed, as well as graduate training opportunities and ways in which the American Board of Internal Medicine could play a leading role in this process by providing increased emphasis on geriatrics in its training programs and certifying examinations. The medical profession must continue its self-evaluation to ascertain how it can most effectively contribute to improving the lives of the elderly, perhaps our greatest national resource.
CONSERVATION OF TESTIS IN REPAIR OF HERNIA COMPLICATED BY UNDESCENDED TESTIS
Authors: ARTHUR GOETSCH
Journal: JAMA (1925)

An extensive review of the literature on undescended testis and a study of a small personal series of operative cases in the light of impressions gained have indicated that while much is known concerning the etiology, physiology, behavior and fate of the undescended testis. extensive generalizations are to be made with caution and final results in the individual case are hard to foretell. The matter of etiology is very obscure and speculative and need not concern us at present. In the matter of pathology, the undescended testis furnishes equally unconvincing data. In general, it seems established that the abnormally placed testis may be normal or less than normal in size and consistency; rarely it is larger than normal. Spontaneous atrophy is said to be encountered more often after puberty than in childhood. Astley Cooper stated that all cryptorchids had loss of reproductive power, whereupon one of his pupils, a cryptorchid,
Relationship between stress-induced myocardial ischemia and atherosclerosis measured by coronary calcium tomography
Authors: Daniel S. Berman, Nathan D. Wong, Heidi Gransar, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, John Dahlbeck, Sean W. Hayes, John D. Friedman, Xingping Kang, Donna Polk, Rory Hachamovitch, Leslee Shaw, Alan Rozanski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Students Transferring Into an American Medical School
Authors: Paula L. Stillman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Thirty US citizen foreign-trained medical students (USFMS) and eleven US-trained medical students (USMS) were accepted with advanced standing to the University of Arizona College of Medicine (UACM) in September 1978. Each student was required to meet predetermined mastery criteria in physical diagnosis skills during a six-week intensive training program before entering clinical clerkships. On entrance, USFMS showed severe deficiencies in physical examination and medical interviewing skills compared with both USMS and sophomore students at UACM. By the completion of the program, all differences between the USFMS and the USMS were nonsignificant, except for factual knowledge of pathophysiology. The transfer students received lower ratings than the UACM students on preceptorship evaluations and patient write-ups. Deficiencies in clinical skills of USFMS were reduced by a brief, intensive training program characterized by specific mastery criteria.
The Neurologic Illness of Eugene O'Neill — A Clinicopathological Report
Authors: Bruce H. Price, E.P. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Eugene O'Neill, the only native-born American playwright awarded a Nobel prize for literature, winner of four Pulitzer prizes, and widely regarded as the nation's first and most distinguished dramatist, suffered from an ultimately lethal neurodegenerative disease during the last 12 years of his life. Yet existing biographies of O'Neill have displayed considerable uncertainty about the details of this disease and its crippling impact on his life and art.1,2 After his death on November 27, 1953, at the age of 65 — and reflecting the desire of his wife, Carlotta, to identify the fatal disease "because I wanted to know . . .
Malignant melanoma, benzoyl peroxide and acne: a pilot epidemiological case-control investigation
Authors: R.A. CARTWRIGHT, B.R. HUGHES, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

A case-control study utilizing available medical records was carried out to investigate possible links between use of topical benzoyl peroxide for acne, and malignant melanoma. One hundred and fifty nine cases and 213 matched controls were used in the analysis which shows no significant association between the use of benzoyl peroxide and the occurrence of malignant melanoma, nor between the occurrence of acne and malignant melanoma.
Comment on a Book Review
Authors: SHIRLEY MCMILLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

ExcerptTo the Editor: The opinions expressed in the review of a book must be respected by an author, but not necessarily accepted in entirety. In the case of the review written by Dr. John P. Utz concerning Histoplasmosis: Diagnosis and Treatment, by Pablo Negroni and translated by me (ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, June, 1965, p. 1344), I feel that comment is justified.This book was not intended as a handbook for the practicing physician experienced in fungus diseases. With an 18-month period required for publication and distribution procedures, a bound volume cannot be that current. The book was designed as...