tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ulf Landmesser, Stephan Spiekermann, Sergey Dikalov, Helma Tatge, Ragna Wilke, Christoph Kohler, David G. Harrison, Burkhard Hornig, Helmut Drexler
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Impaired flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated vasodilation (FDD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) results, at least in part, from accelerated degradation of nitric oxide by oxygen radicals. The mechanisms leading to increased vascular radical formation, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we determined endothelium-bound activities of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD), a major vascular antioxidant enzyme, and xanthine-oxidase, a potent radical producing enzyme, and their relation to FDD in patients with CHF. Methods and Results— ecSOD and xanthine-oxidase activities, released from endothelium into plasma by heparin bolus injection, were determined in 14 patients with CHF and 10 control subjects. FDD of the radial artery was measured using high-resolution ultrasound and was assessed before and after administration of the antioxidant vitamin C (25 mg/min; IA). In patients with CHF, endothelium-bound ecSOD activity was substantially reduced (5.0±0.7 versus 14.4±2.6 U · mL −1 · min −1 ; P &lt;0.01) and closely related to FDD ( r =0.61). Endothelium-bound xanthine-oxidase activity was increased by &gt;200% (38±10 versus 12±4 nmol O 2 ·− · μL −1 ; P &lt;0.05) and inversely related to FDD ( r =−0.35) in patients with CHF. In patients with low ecSOD and high xanthine-oxidase activity, a greater benefit of vitamin C on FDD was observed, ie, the portion of FDD inhibited by radicals correlated negatively with ecSOD ( r =−0.71) but positively with xanthine-oxidase ( r =0.75). Conclusions— These results demonstrate that both increased xanthine-oxidase and reduced ecSOD activity are closely associated with increased vascular oxidative stress in patients with CHF. This loss of vascular oxidative balance likely represents a novel mechanism contributing to endothelial dysfunction in CHF.
Body mass index does not influence pharmacokinetics or outcome of treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nobuko Hijiya, John C. Panetta, Yinmei Zhou, Emily P. Kyzer, Scott C. Howard, Sima Jeha, Bassem I. Razzouk, Raul C. Ribeiro, Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Melissa M. Hudson, John T. Sandlund, Ching-Hon Pui, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Blood (2006)
Abstract A45: Autocrine and paracrine IL-6 and IL-8 drive osteosarcoma metastasis
Authors: Ryan D. Roberts, Hemant K. Bid, Doris Phelps, Brett W. Hendrickson, Hakan Cam, Peter J. Houghton
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract For patients with most types of solid tumors, metastases drive the morbidity and mortality of their disease. For patients with osteosarcoma this is particularly true, with metastases that occur almost exclusively within the lung. We set out to identify the factors that facilitate growth of osteosarcoma specifically within the lung environment. To do this, we identified a set of candidate genes and tested them for reliably enriched levels of expression in metastatic lesions relative to primary tumors in the same patients. IL-6 and IL-8 are among the most reliably enriched genes in the metastatic lesions. Osteosarcoma cell lines that express high-levels of IL-6 and IL-8 not only respond to these signals in an autocrine manner, but form lung metastases much more readily than cell lines with low IL-6 and IL-8 expression in mouse xenograft models. IL-6 and IL-8 drive chemokinesis, directional migration, and invasive activity in osteosarcoma cells independent of the degree to which they express these cytokines. Blocking IL-6 and IL-8 signals reduces the metastatic efficiency of osteosarcoma cells. These data suggest that IL-6 and IL-8 play a central role in the mechanisms that account for lung tropism in osteosarcoma and provide attractive targets for therapies intended to prevent metastasis in order to improve outcomes in patients with osteosarcoma. Citation Format: Ryan D. Roberts, Hemant K. Bid, Doris Phelps, Brett W. Hendrickson, Hakan Cam, Peter J. Houghton. Autocrine and paracrine IL-6 and IL-8 drive osteosarcoma metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr A45.
Production of autoantibodies by human-human hybridomas.
Authors: Y Shoenfeld, S C Hsu-Lin, J E Gabriels, L E Silberstein, B C Furie, B Furie, B D Stollar, R S Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes and splenocytes of patients with autoimmune disease were used to prepare human-human hybridomas that produce autoantibodies. Because exogenous immunization was not used, the hybridoma antibodies were derived from B cells that spontaneously produced autoantibodies. 108 hybrids grew from 4,254 wells (2.5%). Optimal conditions for obtaining hybridomas with the GM 4672 myeloma line included initial growth in 2-ml wells, the use of 44% polyethylene glycol, a mononuclear cell/GM 4672 cell ratio 5:1, and prior stimulation of the B lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen. Hybridoma supernatants had activity against ssDNA, platelets, and erythrocytes. The results demonstrate the feasibility of producing human-human hybridomas from lymphocytes of patients with various autoimmune diseases.
Hunting down the H5N1 virus
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Until 2004, general practitioners were responsible for the care of their registered patients 24 hours a day and seven days a week.They did not have to provide that care themselves but remained responsible for arranging and coordinating it.As a result of the new GP contract, most general practitioners have now opted out of this responsibility and are contracted to work for the NHS from 8 am to 6 30 pm and for only five days a week.
Informed consent in medical research: Journals should not publish research to which patients have not given fully informed consent with three exceptions
Authors: L. Doyal
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Is the demand for informed consent absolute? In the first of this pair of articles a professor of medical ethics argues that the principle of informed consent to participate in medical research is fundamental if patients are competent volunteers. Consent is not needed when patients are incompetent to give it (young children, unconscious patients, etc); when research uses only medical records; and when stored human tissue is used. Before publishing the results of such research, however, journals must ensure that certain minimal conditions are complied with. In the second article an oncologist argues that journals should be free sometimes to publish research in which patients have not given fully informed consent. He points to the practical difficulties of obtaining fully informed consent from all patients and, because of this, poor recruitment into trials. He suggests that a helpful approach would be to obtain "blanket" approval at the outset of treatment for inclusion in studies that might be in progress during the patient9s illness–accepting that the doctor would always act in good faith and be prepared to explain treatments at any time.
Shakespeare knew the layered clothing sign of schizophrenia
Authors: E. Altschuler
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Besides having intrinsic and historical interest, study of a disease throughout history can sometimes yield clues about its aetiology. For example, studies of written records, paintings, and skeletons suggest that rheumatoid arthritis is a relatively new disease in Europe, not appearing there until after the return of explorers from the New World at the end of the 15th century, but having existed in North America for many thousands of years.1 This raises the possibility that some infectious agent from the New World has a role …
Caffeine ingestion and isokinetic strength.
Authors: V Bond, K Gresham, J McRae, R J Tearney
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on maximum voluntary contractions of the dominant knee extension and flexion muscles in 12 male intercollegiate track sprinters. Caffeine (5 mg.kg-1) and placebo (225 mg methylcellulose) gelatin capsules were administered orally in randomly assigned order. Muscle function was measured isokinetically by a Cybex II dynamometer interfaced with a data reduction computer. Six repetitions maximum of the extensors and flexors were performed at three sequential ordered speeds (30 degrees, 150 degrees and 300 degrees s-1) with a one-minute rest between varying velocities. Peake torque and power were than assessed after treatment conditions, as well as a fatigue index calculated from a series of 60 repetitions maximum ato 150 degrees s-1. Results of the 2 X 3 ANOVA and paired t-test indicated no difference in measures of peak torque and power at the varying contracting velocities and fatigue index after caffeine ingestion. These findings indicate the ingestion of caffeine in a small dose exerts no ergogenic effect on muscle function under anaerobic conditions.
A new approach to disease-modifying drug trials in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Roger A. Barker, Mark Stacy, Patrik Brundin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Translating new findings in the laboratory into therapies for patients is a slow and expensive process. The development of therapies for neurodegenerative diseases is further complicated by the difficulty in determining whether the drug truly retards the slow degenerative process or provides only symptomatic benefit. In this issue, Aviles-Olmos et al. describe a first in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patient study using a drug previously approved for diabetes treatment. In addition to suggesting that the drug may indeed be disease modifying in PD, their innovative approach suggests there may be more rapid and inexpensive avenues for testing novel therapies in PD.
Structure and Evolution of the Growth Hormone Gene Family
Authors: WALTER L. MILLER, NORMAN L. EBERHARDT
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1983)

GROWTH HORMONE (GH), prolactin (Prl), and chorionic somatomammotropin (CS, placental lactogen) are a family of polypeptide hormones that are related by function, immunochemistry, and structure (1–5). Despite their relatedness, these hormones are synthesized in a tissue-specific manner. GH and Prl are produced in the anterior pituitary, whereas CS is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. All three hormones possess lactogenic and growth-promoting activities. GH is required for postnatal growth and maintenance of nitrogen, mineral, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism (6), while mammalian Prl is primarily involved in the initiation and maintenance of lactation (7). CS may provide GH-like activities to the developing fetus (8, 9), although it does not appear to be an essential hormone (10). The three hormones have a similar size (190 to 199 amino acids among various species) and they all have similar protein structures. Each hormone has a single homologous tryptophan residue at about locus 85 (GH and CS) or 91 (Prl), and two homologous disulfide bonds.
Influenza vaccination of children and adolescents decreased influenza infection in nonvaccinated community members
Authors: Joel Schectman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club20 July 2010Influenza vaccination of children and adolescents decreased influenza infection in nonvaccinated community membersJoel Schectman, MDJoel Schectman, MDUniversity of Virginia Health system, Charlottesville, VA, USA (J.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-2-201007200-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationLoeb M, Russell ML, Moss L, et al. Effect of influenza vaccination of children on infection rates in Hutterite communities: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2010;303:943-50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20215608Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Infectious Disease: Pulmonology: Reference1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended immunization schedules for persons aged 0 through 18 years—United States, 2010. MMWR 2010;58. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Virginia Health system, Charlottesville, VA, USA (J.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 July 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 July 2010Volume 153, Issue 2Page: JC1-10KeywordsAdolescentsChild healthChildrenHepatitis AInfectious diseasesPediatric infectionsPilot studiesPulmonary diseasesVaccines ePublished: 20 July 2010 Issue Published: 20 July 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Head and Neck Surgery: Indications, Techniques, Pitfalls, vol 3: Ear
Authors: Gregory J. Matz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This superbly illustrated book by 13 mostly European authors will be a necessity for any student or practitioner of ear surgery. The volume carries an excellent translation by P. M. Stell of Liverpool, England.  The material on preoperative diagnostic procedures and indications for surgery and the references are adequate, but the book in general suffers from a short, telegraphic style. Helpful to the student of surgery are the various descriptions and illustrations of new and standard instruments of otologic surgery, a mundane topic frequently overlooked. I particularly enjoyed the text by Marguth on neurosurgical procedures of interest to the otologist.  The chapters on otogenic infections, intracranial complications, and basal skull surgery are excellent, while chapters on foreign body removal, malignant external otitis, and radical mastoid surgery are brief and weak. Important otologic concepts, such as intact canal wall techniques, surgery for Bell's palsy, and mastoid surgery, are too briefly and
Anatomy of Melancholy
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Among Asian Women
Authors: N. Wah Cheung, Gia Wasmer, Jalila Al-Ali
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Recent American Diabetes Association guidelines recommend selective screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on the presence of risk factors (1). Because there is a high incidence of GDM among certain ethnic groups, ethnicity is included as one of the risk factors during routine screening. Although Asians are included as a high-risk population, there are little data comparing selective testing based on risk factors with the universal 50-g glucose challenge as a means of screening for GDM in this group. Moreover, the risk factors associated with increased risk were largely derived from populations of European extraction, and there are few studies examining this in other populations. We have therefore conducted a study to assess whether the traditional risk factors for GDM apply to women of Asian origin and to determine whether the use of risk factors might be sufficient to select patients for testing.

Medical records of …
Observations on the Relation Between Ventricular Activation Sequence and the Hemodynamic State
Authors: J. A. ABILDSKOV, ROBERT H. EICH, KENICHI HARUMI, HAROLD SMULYAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

Hemodynamic parameters including records of left and right ventricular pressure, aortic pressure, the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure curve, and carotid flow were recorded with different patterns of ventricular activation. Special measures were used to achieve a comparable role of the atrium in ventricular filling with the different ventricular activation patterns. With an intact cardiac conduction system, definite but small differences in the hemodynamic parameters named were associated with different activation patterns. Normal ventricular activation produced slightly higher peak pressures in both ventricles and higher carotid flow than did abnormal activation. Each different activation pattern was associated with differences in the detailed shape of the ventricular pressure curves and with differences in the relative time of onset of pressure rise in right and left ventricles. When the specialized conduction system was blocked with large doses of ouabain, various patterns of ventricular activation were associated with marked differences of the hemodynamic parameters named. These findings may explain previously published conflicting results. They also suggest that disease of the conduction system may have a significant functional role in cardiac disease.
Nephrotoxicity of Streptozocin
Authors: DAVID J. PERRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1982Nephrotoxicity of StreptozocinDAVID J. PERRY, M.D., RAYMOND B. WEISS, M.D.DAVID J. PERRY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, RAYMOND B. WEISS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-1-122_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Streptozocin has known nephrotoxicity. Reported cases have documented development of hypophosphatemia as the earliest finding followed by glycosuria, proteinuria, and finally by increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (1, 2). Proteinuria is the commonest finding, occurring in up to 73% of cases (3). Generally, if the early signs of nephrotoxicity are recognized, discontinuing streptozocin prevents severe renal failure.We report a patient treated for Hodgkin's disease with a combination regimen including streptozocin. He developed only mild signs of renal toxicity during and immediately after the streptozocin treatment but later developed chronic renal failure.The patient...References1. SCHEINO'CONNELLBLOM PMJ. Clinical antitumor activity and toxicity of streptozotocin. Cancer. 1974;34:993-1000. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SCHACHTFEINERGALLOLIEBERMANBALDWIN RHGAD. Nephrotoxicity of nitrosoureas. Cancer. 1981;48:1328-34. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WEISS R. Streptozocin: a review of its pharmacology, efficacy and toxicity. Cancer Treat Rep. In press. Google Scholar4. HARMONCOHENSCHNEEBERGERGRUPE WJEW. Chronic renal failure in children treated with methyl CCNU. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1200-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. KUNDARIAARMENTROUTMARGILETHOPFELL BSDR. Nephrotoxicity of semustine. Proc Am Assoc Can Res/Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1981;22:352. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Walter Reed Army Medical Center Washington, D.C. 20012 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Role of Mitochondria in Drug-Induced Kidney InjuryNephrotoxicity of anticancer treatmentFunctional Deficits Precede Structural Lesions in Mice With High-Fat Diet–Induced Diabetic RetinopathyPharmacologically-Induced Metabolic AcidosisAnticancer drugsAnticancer drugsAnticancer Drug???Induced Kidney DisordersThe Endocrine Effects of Nonhormonal Antineoplastic TherapyHistorySIndomethacin in Streptozocin-Induced Nephrogenic Diabetes InsipidusDrug Prescribing in Renal Failure: Dosing Guidelines for AdultsRENAL COMPLICATIONS OF CYTOTOXIC THERAPY 1 January 1982Volume 96, Issue 1Page: 122-122KeywordsBlood urea nitrogenCreatinineHodgkin lymphomaProteinuriaRenal failureToxicity Issue Published: 1 January 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ethics of a Paired-Kidney-Exchange Program
Authors: Lainie Friedman Ross, David T. Rubin, Mark Siegler, Michelle A. Josephson, J. Richard Thistlethwaite, E. Steve Woodle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Although transplantation is the best treatment for many people with end-stage renal disease, the gap between the number of organ donors and the number of potential recipients continues to widen.1 Patients are often treated with dialysis for years while awaiting transplants, and many die.1 At the University of Chicago, between 10 and 20 percent of patients with available living donors cannot receive transplants from them because of ABO incompatibility. We propose to increase the supply of organs by using kidneys from living donors who are ABO-incompatible with the intended recipients but are ABO-compatible with other recipients. Through an exchange arrangement . . .