tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning of hMena (ENAH) and Its Splice Variant hMena+11a: Epidermal Growth Factor Increases Their Expression and Stimulates hMena+11a Phosphorylation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Francesca Di Modugno, Lucia DeMonte, Michele Balsamo, Giovanna Bronzi, Maria Rita Nicotra, Massimo Alessio, Elke Jager, John S. Condeelis, Angela Santoni, Pier Giorgio Natali, Paola Nisticò
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract hMena (ENAH), an actin regulatory protein involved in the control of cell motility and adhesion, is modulated during human breast carcinogenesis. In fact, whereas undetectable in normal mammary epithelium, hMena becomes overexpressed in high-risk benign lesions and primary and metastatic tumors. In vivo, hMena overexpression correlates with the HER-2+/ER−/Ki67+ unfavorable prognostic phenotype. In vitro, neuregulin-1 up-regulates whereas Herceptin treatment down-modulates hMena expression, suggesting that it may couple tyrosine kinase receptor signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Herein, we report the cloning of hMena and of a splice variant, hMena+11a, which contains an additional exon corresponding to 21 amino acids located in the EVH2 domain, from a breast carcinoma cell line of epithelial phenotype. Whereas hMena overexpression consistently characterizes the transformed phenotype of tumor cells of different lineages, hMena+11a isoform is concomitantly present only in epithelial tumor cell lines. In breast cancer cell lines, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment promotes concomitant up-regulation of hMena and hMena+11a, resulting in an increase of the fraction of phosphorylated hMena+11a isoform only. hMena+11a overexpression and phosphorylation leads to increased p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and cell proliferation as evidenced in hMena+11a–transfected breast cancer cell lines. On the contrary, hMena knockdown induces reduction of p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and of the proliferative response to EGF. The present data provide new insight into the relevance of actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins and, in particular, of hMena isoforms in coupling multiple signaling pathways involved in breast cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2657–65]
Twenty-four-hour metabolic profiles in diabetic children receiving insulin injections once or twice daily
Authors: G A Werther, P A Jenkins, R C Turner, J D Baum
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Twenty-four-hour metabolic profiles were performed twice in each of 15 diabetic children, once when they were receiving single daily injections of insulin (Monotard plus Actrapid) and once on a twice-daily regimen (Semitard plus Actrapid). Before the study control was optimised at home on each regimen. There were no differences in overall 24-hour diabetic control on the two regimens as measured by mean blood glucose concentration, area under the blood glucose curve, M value, and 24-hour urinary glucose excretion. Hyperglycaemia after breakfast occurred on both regimens. Significant differences were noted before breakfast, when blood glucose and ketone concentrations were lower and plasma free insulin higher on the single-injection regimen, and after supper and during the night, when blood glucose values were lower on the two-injection regimen and associated with a rise in plasma free insulin after the evening injection. Once-daily injections provided insufficient circulating insulin after the evening meal, while twice-daily injections did not last through the night. Plasma C peptide, indicating residual endogenous insulin secretion, was just detectable in two children but easily detectable in four children, whose 24-hour diabetic control was significantly better than that in the remaining 11 children. Conclusions about the superiority of one insulin regimen over another must be based on specific differences in diabetic control. Both regimens studied achieved adequate control, and though neither provided physiological control specific modifications to the regimens could help to produce more normal profiles.
Single blind, randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones, and no treatment in management of genuine stress incontinence in women
Authors: K. Bo, T. Talseth, I. Holme
Journal: BMJ (1999)

To compare the effect of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones, and no treatment for genuine stress incontinence.Stratified, single blind, randomised controlled trial.Multicentre.107 women with clinically and urodynamically proved genuine stress incontinence. Mean (range) age was 49.5 (24-70) years, and mean (range) duration of symptoms 10.8 (1-45) years.Pelvic floor exercise (n=25) comprised 8-12 contractions 3 times a day and exercise in groups with skilled physical therapists once a week. The electrical stimulation group (n=25) used vaginal intermittent stimulation with the MS 106 Twin at 50 Hz 30 minutes a day. The vaginal cones group (n=27) used cones for 20 minutes a day. The untreated control group (n=30) was offered the use of a continence guard. Muscle strength was measured by vaginal squeeze pressure once a month.Pad test with standardised bladder volume, and self report of severity.Improvement in muscle strength was significantly greater (P=0.03) after pelvic floor exercises (11.0 cm H2O (95% confidence interval 7.7 to 14.3) before v 19.2 cm H2O (15.3 to 23.1) after) than either electrical stimulation (14.8 cm H2O (10. 9 to 18.7) v 18.6 cm H2O (13.3 to 23.9)) or vaginal cones (11.8 cm H2O (8.5 to 15.1) v 15.4 cm H2O (11.1 to 19.7)). Reduction in leakage on pad test was greater in the exercise group (-30.2 g; -43. 3 to 16.9) than in the electrical stimulation group (-7.4 g; -20.9 to 6.1) and the vaginal cones group (-14.7 g; -27.6 to -1.8). On completion of the trial one participant in the control group, 14 in the pelvic floor exercise group, three in the electrical stimulation group, and two in the vaginal cones group no longer considered themselves as having a problem.Training of the pelvic floor muscles is superior to electrical stimulation and vaginal cones in the treatment of genuine stress incontinence.
Amelioration by Quinapril of Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Occlusion/Reperfusion in a Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Shiro Hoshida, Nobushige Yamashita, Kiminori Kawahara, Tsunehiko Kuzuya, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Circulation (1999)

The increased severity of the myocardial injury produced by coronary occlusion-reperfusion in models of atherosclerosis is associated with an increase in leukocyte accumulation in the ischemic myocardium. Expression of P-selectin, an adhesion molecule involved in the interaction between leukocytes and endothelium, is increased in atherosclerotic vessels. Long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been shown to reduce atherosclerotic vascular change in experimental models.We examined changes in the size of the infarct resulting from coronary occlusion/reperfusion in normally fed and cholesterol-fed rabbits that were chronically treated with quinapril. Infarct size was significantly larger in the cholesterol-fed versus normally fed rabbits. ACE activity in the ischemic and nonischemic myocardium was significantly reduced by quinapril. Chronic quinapril administration significantly ameliorated the increased myocardial injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Quinapril administration markedly increased the myocardial cGMP content and reduced the myeloperoxidase activity in the border region of the ischemic myocardium in cholesterol-fed rabbits. The enhanced expression of P-selectin in myocardial tissue of cholesterol-fed rabbits was also effectively reduced by quinapril treatment. The above effects of quinapril were eliminated by blockade of bradykinin B2 receptors or inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.Chronic quinapril treatment ameliorated the severity of myocardial injury produced by coronary occlusion/reperfusion in cholesterol-fed rabbits, possibly because of reversal of the enhanced interaction between leukocytes and endothelium in the ischemic myocardium via a bradykinin-related pathway.
In England Now: Fifty Years of Peripatetic Correspondence in The Lancet
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Even at current exchange rates, this book represents good value. It consists of some 150 pages of selections from<i>The Lancet</i>'s last 50 years of letters from peripatetic correspondents. The ancient peripatetics, we are informed, were Athenian philosophers who taught as they walked; the modern ones are British doctors who write anonymously about everybody and everything, their colleagues, their patients, wives, nurses, students, and house staff. They write about scenes of everyday life, sometimes so funnily as to bring tears to the eyes; sometimes about love and vanity and excreta, in a manner that would have warmed the heartstrings of maître François Rabelais. The book is best taken a few sections at a time—good bedside reading and excellent material for those last 15 minutes that William Osier said should ordinarily be spent in the company of the great writers of humanity. The book starts with war—bombings, wounded Cockneys, air
219 PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF LIVER FIBROSIS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS: A USEFUL TOOL ASSESSING SEVERE FIBROSIS ON THE LIVER GRAFT
Authors: B. Roche, M. Belnard, P. Pham, L. Allain, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, A. Coilly, T.M. Antonini, R. Sobesky, D. Samuel, J.-C. Duclos-Vallee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Nocturnal polyuria and saluresis in renal allograft recipients.
Authors: M S Knapp, R Pownall, M J Heath, I Trimble, I C Kowanko
Journal: BMJ (1980)

drugs of short action; but they are, in our vicw, too confident in their general conclusions and are not fair, since they imply that they are entitled to say that the two drugs they studied had advantages over other drugs.They could be justified in this only if they had also studied the other drugs with the same subjects and with the same tests.
Dangers of Afghan food
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Have you ever played geography games? Can you name the strait that lies between Sicily and Sardinia? Do you know what countries bound Lake Titicaca? Our father used to play these games with us when we were little to teach us geography. Since then I have added to my repertoire such gems as “Can you name three towns in Afghanistan?”

This brings me to my friend, an internist, who so far has shown little interest in such games. He knows the Strait of Messina but refuses to venture further north. He can no more locate Lake Titicaca than expound on the rainfall in Ougadougou (is there any?). He cares little about …
THE IDENTIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF AN EARLY DEPRIVATION SYNDROME IN ALCOHOLICS BY MEANS OF LSD-25
Authors: ERNEST BELDEN, RICHARD HITCHEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

A limited research project was undertaken in which LSD was combined with psychotherapy. The results are in essential agreement with those of other investigators, who have used LSD as adjunct to therapy with alcoholic patients. Evidence of the existence of an emotional deprivation syndrome which responds to the technique developed by the present investigators was found and discussed. This syndrome is consistent with some of the psychoanalytic formulations regarding the origin of psychopathic and character disorders. Treatment may be viewed as similar in nature to an intensive existentialist "encounter." The authors propose a larger, systematic investigation with follow-up studies which might confirm their present tentative findings.
Economic Impact of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in a Multiethnic Indigent Population
Authors: Mario R. Maldonado, Erica R. Chong, Melissa A. Oehl, Ashok Balasubramanyam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common complication of diabetes. We analyzed the inpatient costs of treating DKA in a multiethnic, indigent population in Houston, Texas. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We measured the cost of resources utilized for all patients admitted to our hospital with DKA from 1 January to 31 December 1998. We also analyzed their medical records to determine the factors that precipitated the episode of DKA and then grouped them into three categories: acute illnesses, noncompliance with diabetes treatment, and new-onset diabetes. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The Tukey-Kramer procedure was used for post hoc multiple comparisons. RESULTS—There were 167 admissions for DKA. The mean age was 40 ± 13 years. The ethnic distribution was 49% African American, 32% Hispanic American, and 18% white. The total inhospital cost of treating DKA was $1,816,255. The mean cost per hospitalization was $10, 876 ± 11,024. The frequency distribution by category of DKA-precipitating factor was 18% acute illness, 59% noncompliance, and 23% new onset. There were differences in mean cost of DKA associated with the three categories: $20,864 ± 17,910 for acute illness, $11,863 ± 8,701 for new onset, and $7,470 ± 6,300 for noncompliance (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The total cost for each category was $671,375 for acute illness, $694,082 for noncompliance, and $450,798 for new onset. CONCLUSIONS—DKA is an expensive complication among indigent, multiethnic diabetic patients. Although the mean cost per admission was lowest for DKA precipitated by noncompliance, this causal category was responsible in sum for the greatest portion of the economic burden.
Bundle-Branch Block in a General Male Population
Authors: Peter Eriksson, Per-Olof Hansson, Henry Eriksson, Mikael Dellborg
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Interest in bundle-branch block has focused primarily on its role as a predictor of mortality and coexisting cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies of prevalence, correlation to cardiovascular disease, and mortality have produced conflicting results. Methods and Results —We studied a random-sampled population of 855 men who were 50 years old in 1963 and followed them up for 30 years with repeated examinations. Men who developed bundle-branch block were studied with regard to cumulative incidence, relationship with cardiovascular disease/risk factors, and survival. The prevalence of bundle-branch block increases from 1% at age 50 years to 17% at age 80 years, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 18%. No significant relationship with ischemic heart disease or mortality was found. Men who would develop bundle-branch block had a bigger heart volume at age 50 years and developed diabetes mellitus and congestive heart disease during follow-up more often than control subjects. Conclusions —Bundle-branch block correlates strongly to age and is common in elderly men. Our results support the theory that bundle-branch block is a marker of a slowly progressing degenerative disease that also affects the myocardium.
THE ARCHITECTURE OF BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA.
Authors: K. V. SANDERSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article THE ARCHITECTURE OF BASAL‐CELL CARCINOMA. Get access K. V. SANDERSON K. V. SANDERSON Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 12, 1 December 1961, Pages 455–474, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14999.x Published: 01 December 1961
Effect of Linaclotide on Severe Abdominal Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation
Authors: Satish S.C. Rao, Eamonn M.M. Quigley, Steven J. Shiff, Bernard J. Lavins, Caroline B. Kurtz, James E. MacDougall, Mark G. Currie, Jeffrey M. Johnston
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) have abdominal symptoms that vary in severity. Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, improves abdominal and bowel symptoms in these patients. We examined the prevalence of severe abdominal symptoms in patients with IBS-C and assessed the effects of linaclotide on abdominal symptoms, global measures, and quality of life (QOL).In two phase 3 trials, patients who met modified Rome II criteria for IBS-C were randomly assigned to groups given oral, once-daily linaclotide (290 μg) or placebo for 12 weeks. During the baseline (2 weeks prior to treatment) and treatment periods, patients rated abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, fullness, and cramping daily (from 0 = none to 10 = very severe). Linaclotide's effects on abdominal symptoms, global measures, and IBS-related QOL were assessed in subpopulations of patients who rated specific individual abdominal symptoms as severe (≥ 7.0) at baseline.In the intent-to-treat population (1602 patients; 797 receiving placebo and 805 receiving linaclotide), baseline prevalence values for severe abdominal symptoms were 44% for bloating, 44% for fullness, 32% for discomfort, 23% for pain, and 22% for cramping, with considerable overlap among symptoms. In patients with severe symptoms, linaclotide reduced all abdominal symptoms; mean changes from baseline severity scores ranged from -2.7 to -3.4 for linaclotide vs -1.4 to -1.9 for placebo (P < .0001). Linaclotide improved global measures (P < .0001) and IBS-QOL scores (P < .01) compared with placebo. Diarrhea was the most common adverse event of linaclotide in patients with severe abdominal symptoms (18.8%-21.0%).Of 5 severe abdominal symptoms assessed, bloating and fullness were most prevalent in patients with IBS-C. Linaclotide significantly improved all abdominal symptoms, global measures, and IBS-QOL in subpopulations of IBS-C patients with severe abdominal symptoms. Clinicaltrials.govNCT00938717, NCT00948818.
Oestrogen receptors in breast cancer: a changing concept.
Authors: G Leclercq, J C Heuson, M C Deboel, W H Mattheiem
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Oestrogen receptors were found in 156 (73%) out of 214 primary breast cancers and in 98 (58%) out of 168 metastatic deposits. These proportions reached 82% and 70% respectively in the second half of the study. Receptors were not found in samples of normal breast tissue but small amounts were present in tissue from some hyperplastic lesions and in male gynaecomastia. Receptor concentrations in the malignant samples were evenly distributed over a wide range of values, suggesting that even "negative" tumours might contain trace amounts undetectable by the method used. Each tumour was characterized by a given level of receptor concentration. In most cases the amounts found in the invaded axillary nodes and their corresponding primary tumours were the same. We suggest that quantitative rather than qualitative assessment should provide an appropriate criterion for studies of biochemical and clinical correlations.
THE DEPARTMENTAL COMMITTEE ON HUMIDITY AND VENTILATION IN HUMID COTTON-WEAVING SHEDS
Authors: M. D. O'Connell
Journal: BMJ (1909)

less, and the fear of pricking the card unfounded; even if it happens it is not harmful.3. Medio-cervical puncture is useless and dangerous; mid-dorsal puncture is difficult and useless; superior ,dorsal puncture between the first and second dorsal vertebrae, and dorso-lumbar between the last dorsal and first lumbar vertebrae are easy, and suffice to obtain -analgesia of all regions of the body.4. The addition of neutral strychnine sulphate to the .anaestheticpreserves the full antiseptic power of the ~solution and at the same time neutralizes its injurious action upon the bulb.Thanks to this addition, superior spinal analgesia can be performed without danger.5. Among known anaesthetic substances, stovaine, tropacocaine, and novocain seem to be the best; any of them may be used with the addition of strychnine.6.The strychnine and the anaesthetic substance need -not be sterilized, a process which would destroy.some of their properties.7. The water used for making the solution must be sterilized but not distilled.8. The injection should consist of 1 c.cm. of solution, ,the amount of strychnine and anaesthetic substance being varied.9. The technique is simple, requiring only a Pravaz ~syringe and the usual needle for lumbar puncture.
Chemokine stimulation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes induces rapid dephosphorylation of ERM proteins, which facilitates loss of microvilli and polarization
Authors: Martin J. Brown, Ruchika Nijhara, John A. Hallam, Michelle Gignac, Kenneth M. Yamada, Stanley L. Erlandsen, Jérôme Delon, Michael Kruhlak, Stephen Shaw
Journal: Blood (2003)
Australias plan to reduce drug spending attacked by doctors
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The federal government has been attacked by the Australian Medical Association for its plan to curb the costs of prescription drugs by giving doctors' groups financial incentives to recommend fewer drugs and opt for cheaper generic medicines.

The pilot programme will be run by the Australian Division of General Practice, with half the money saved by cutting the use of drugs prescribed under the pharmaceutical benefits scheme going to umbrella groups called general practice divisions.

The programme is designed to reduce the escalating cost in running the scheme, which now amounts to more than £1.5bn ($2.2bn; …
Training Pathway for Critical Care Medicine
Authors: John D. Buckley, John Mastronarde, Craig Arnold Piquette
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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