tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-094 Setting Standards By Defining The Aims And Optimal Design Of The Inflammatory Bowel Disease (ibd) Multidisciplinary Team (mdt) Meeting
Authors: P Morar, J Read, S Arora, A Hart, N Sevdalis, O Faiz, C Edwards
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The National IBD Audit revealed 75% of participating institutions undertake a weekly MDT meeting for IBD patients. There is however little evidence of its efficacy in this context and currently there is no guidance on how this intervention may be standardised and used effectively.<sup>1–3</sup> Providing a standardised framework for the IBD MDT meeting will enhance its capacity to establish effective quality improvement. The aim of this study is to use national expert consensus to define the aims, optimal design, format and function of an IBD MDT meeting. <h3>Methods</h3> 25 semistructured interviews were undertaken with a multidisciplinary sample (5 surgeons, 5 gastroenterologists, 5 IBD nurse specialists, 5 pathologists and 5 radiologists), from 2 UK regions: the Southwest of England and London. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. A standardised interview protocol with a clearly defined coding framework was used. The interview protocol explored key themes encompassing the optimal design format of the IBD MDT: Purpose Processes Logistics Redesign <h3>Results</h3> 28 interviews were performed across a multidisciplinary sample of healthcare professionals. Thematic analysis and coding demonstrated common markers for each theme. High ranking markers for each theme included: Purpose: <i>Requires multi-disciplinary input; to share collective expertise; and to improve patient outcome.</i> Processes: <i>Good attendance; sharing workload with colleagues; proactive discussions; core members being clinicians, surgeons, radiologists, pathologists and nurse specialists all with IBD interests; facilities required including IT and an appropriate space to meet; provisions for internal feedback to the IBD MDT on MDT decision outcomes; submitting names in advance; an MDT coordinator.</i> Logistics: <i>Duration of 1 h; once a week; protected time; selective cases.</i> Redesign: <i>Single centre each running their own IBD MDT; 'hub and spoke' model.</i> <h3>Conclusion</h3> Defining key elements for an optimal design format for the IBD MDT is necessary to ensure quality of care and reduce variation in care standards. This study demonstrates the methodology used for construction of provisional standards for the IBD MDT through interviews from a multidisciplinary group. Selection and adjustments of these standards through expert consensus are required to validate measures. <h3>References</h3> UK IBD Steering Group 2007 IBD Audit 2006: National Results for the Organisation and Process of IBD Care in the UK Group 2009 IBD Audit 2008: National Results for the Organisation and Process of IBD Care in the UK IBD Standards Working Group 2009 Quality Care: Service Standards for the Healthcare of People who have Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Understanding Phenotypic Variation in Rodent Models with Germline <i>Apc</i> Mutations
Authors: Maged Zeineldin, Kristi L. Neufeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is best known for its crucial role in colorectal cancer suppression. Rodent models with various Apc mutations have enabled experimental validation of different Apc functions in tumors and normal tissues. Since the development of the first mouse model with a germline Apc mutation in the early 1990s, 20 other Apc mouse and rat models have been generated. This article compares and contrasts currently available Apc rodent models with particular emphasis on providing potential explanations for their reported variation in three areas: (i) intestinal polyp multiplicity, (ii) intestinal polyp distribution, and (iii) extraintestinal phenotypes.
Look Back: The Status of Recipients of Blood From Donors Subsequently Found to Have Antibody to HIV
Authors: Ram M. Kakaiya
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We examined the status of recipients of blood products (transfused before April 1985) derived from donors who on subsequent donations (after April 1985) were discovered to be positive for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This process is commonly referred to as "look back."<sup>1</sup>We report herein the status of 94 recipients of previous blood donations made by 31 donors. These donors were positive for antibody to HIV on an enzyme immunoassay as well as on Western blot testing. <h3>Study.—</h3> Thirty-five of the 94 recipients were female; 59 were male. Of the 35 female recipients, 25 had died, eight were still alive, and the status of two was unknown. Of the 59 male recipients, 45 had died, eight were still alive, and the status of six was unknown. Seven female recipients were tested for the presence of antibody to HIV from 468 to 2808 days
Breast Self-Examination
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Few methods of breast-cancer detection can match in appeal that of breast self-examination. It is simple, self-generated, inexpensive, noninvasive and nonradiative. If used properly, learned well and practiced faithfully, it should uncover tumors that are still in an early stage and, thus, save lives. The concept of an ordered sequence of learned maneuvers by which a woman examines her breasts by palpation and inspection is not new. But it remains a difficult task to prove its efficacy. Intuition is difficult to match with numbers. No matter how great its appeal, we must insist on some sort of evidence, before we . . .
The behavior of cardiac progenitor cells on macroporous pericardium-derived scaffolds
Authors: Sareh Rajabi-Zeleti, Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad, Mahnaz Azarnia, Fahimeh Khayyatan, Sadaf Vahdat, Saman Nikeghbalian, Ali Khademhosseini, Hossein Baharvand, Nasser Aghdami
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
19-Nor-1,25(OH)2D2 (a Novel, Noncalcemic Vitamin D Analogue), Combined with Arsenic Trioxide, Has Potent Antitumor Activity against Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Takashi Kumagai, Lee-Yung Shih, Susan V. Hughes, Julian C. Desmond, James O'Kelly, Martin Hewison, H. Phillip Koeffler
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Recently, we reported that a novel, noncalcemic vitamin D analogue (19-nor-1,25(OH)2D2; paricalcitol) had anticancer activity. In this study, we explored if paricalcitol enhanced anticancer effects of other clinically useful drugs in vitro against a large variety of cancer cells. Paricalcitol, when combined with As2O3, showed a markedly enhanced antiproliferative effect against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This combination induced monocytic differentiation of NB-4 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells and HL-60 AML cells and caused both to undergo apoptosis associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Paricalcitol induced monocytic differentiation of U937 AML cells, which was partially blocked by inducing expression of APL-related PML-retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) chimeric protein in the U937 cells containing a Zn2+-inducible expression vector coding for this fusion protein (PR9 cells). Exposure to As2O3 decreased levels of PML-RARα in PR9 cells, and the combination of paricalcitol and As2O3 enhanced their monocytic differentiation in parallel with the As2O3-mediated decrease of PML-RARα. Furthermore, As2O3 increased the transcriptional activity of paricalcitol probably by increasing intracellular levels of paricalcitol by decreasing the function of the mitochondrial enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase, which functions to metabolize the active vitamin D in cells. In summary, the combination of paricalcitol and As2O3 potently decreased growth and induced differentiation and apoptosis of AML cells. This probably occurred by As2O3 decreasing levels of both the repressive PML-RARα fusion protein and the vitamin D metabolizing protein, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase, resulting in increased activity of paricalcitol. The combination of both of these Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs should be considered for treatment of all-trans retinoic acid–resistant APL patients as well as those with other types of AML.
Outcomes of Mediastinoscopy and Surgery with or without Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Who are N2 Negative on Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Hong Kwan Kim, Yong Soo Choi, Kwhanmien Kim, Young Mog Shim, Keunchil Park, Yong Chan Ahn, Kyung Soo Lee, Joon Young Choi, Jhingook Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Novel pathway for megakaryocyte production after in vivo conditional eradication of integrin αIIb-expressing cells
Authors: Beatrice Jacquelin, Thierry Kortulewski, Pierre Vaigot, Alexandre Pawlik, Gaetan Gruel, Olivier Alibert, Pascal Soularue, Christophe Joubert, Xavier Gidrol, Diana Tronik-Le Roux
Journal: Blood (2005)
Abstract 4042: MiR-200c sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU through Bcl-2-involved apoptotic pathway
Authors: Xuemin Qian, Paul Howell, Xiaobo Li, Xin Qin, Lin Gao, Yaguang Xi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Effective clinical management of colorectal cancer is still a major challenge in cancer care. MicroRNA is a set of newly-discovered, non-coding small RNA molecules that significantly contribute to a number of critical biological events including cell proliferation, apoptosis development, as well as tumorigenesis. Our group has previously identified a number of microRNA candidates associated with potential prognostic value in colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we investigated miR-200c and validated its impact on 5-FU chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer. Human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HCT15 were employed in this study. Pre-miR-200c precursor molecules and negative control (Ambion, Inc.) were transiently transfected into these cell lines and cell viability was examined using WST-1 assay (Roche, Inc.) after 5-FU treatment for 24 hours. The results indicate that miR-200c can potentially sensitize colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU up to 25% compared to controls. Also, cells over-expressing miR-200c have an approximately 50% higher apoptotic rate than controls based on flow cytometry results. Bioinformatics predicts Bcl-2 is a putative mRNA target of miR200c. Bcl-2 is an integral membrane protein located mainly on the outer membrane of mitochondria. Overexpression of Bcl-2 has been demonstrated to prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli. In this study, we further experimentally validated the repressive abilities of miR-200c on Bcl-2 expression using Western Blot and Luciferase reporter assay. Our results demonstrates that miR-200c is a potential biomarker for predicting chemotherapeutic response in colorectal cancer and functions by repressing Bcl-2 expression and inducing apoptotic susceptibility to 5-FU. These results hold great promise for moving miRNAs toward future clinical application and contribute to the ultimate goal of developing or improving therapeutic intervention for patients with colorectal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4042.
Incidental Demonstration of Cerebral Infarction on Bone Scintigraphy in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: GUO-LONG HUNG, CHARLES A. STEWART, EDWIN YEO, AZIZULLAH N. ANSARI, ANGELA WANG, LAWRENCE GREENFIELD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

HUNG, GUO-LONG M.D.; STEWART, CHARLES A. M.D.; YEO, EDWIN M.D.; ANSARI, AZIZULLAH N. M.D.; WANG, ANGELA M.D.; GREENFIELD, LAWRENCE M.D. Author Information
Balloon Valvuloplasty in Adult Aortic Stenosis: Determinants of Clinical Outcome
Authors: Warren Sherman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine the clinical variables affecting outcome after balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Design: Longitudinal follow-up of consecutive case series. Patients: Consecutive sample of 36 patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis, and without active infection or left ventricular mural thrombus. Interventions: Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the aortic valve until the peak gradient was reduced by 50% or a maximal balloon size was used. Hemodynamic measurements taken before and after dilatation. Measurements and Main Results: Thirty-three patients had a successful dilatation. Eighty-nine percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 74% to 97%) improved symptomatically at 2 weeks, but by 26 weeks only 56% (CI, 35% to 76%) remained improved (P = 0.0078). Mortality rates were high at 8 (9%) and 26 (28%) weeks. Predictors of adverse events included left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.04, r = 0.46), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (P = 0.048, r = 0.65), pulmonary vascular resistance (P = 0.008, r = 0.69), and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (P = 0.009, r = 0.43) at 8 weeks and all these factors except left ventricular ejection fraction at 26 weeks. These clinical outcomes were unrelated to other cardiac or pulmonary diseases. Conclusions: Symptomatic improvement is only temporary in many patients undergoing balloon aortic valvuloplasty, and the mortality rate in the mid-term follow-up period is high. Valve surgery remains the treatment of choice for aortic stenosis in the adult.
Predictive Value of Preablation Stimulated Thyroglobulin and Thyroglobulin/Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Ratio in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Yansong Lin, Tianjun Li, Jun Liang, Xiaoyi Li, Liheng Qiu, Shasha Wang, Yonghui Chen, Zengshou Kang, Fang Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Recent studies have shown that thyroglobulin (Tg) concentration is a useful tumor marker in follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients after thyroidectomy and subsequent radioiodine (I-131) therapy. However, its role is controversial after total or near-total thyroidectomy before the first I-131 ablative treatment. So, we used thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels to normalize predictive values of Tg for DTC.The study was a retrospective analysis. A total of 244 patients with DTC who had undergone a total thyroidectomy and subsequent I-131 therapy were included. Exclusion criteria were patients with high serum Tg antibody (TgAb) concentration and in whom it was not measured. Patients were divided into 2 groups as M1 and M0, according to whether the patient present with or without distant metastases.Preablative stimulated Tg in group M0 ranged between 0.1 and 348.9 ng/mL and group M1 between 0.2 and 1000 ng/mL. Tg/TSH ratios ranged 0.000667 to 12.143 ng/IU and 0.002948 to 12500 ng/IU. Both Tg and Tg/TSH values were significantly different between the 2 groups (the Wilcoxon rank sum test: Tg P < 0.0001 [z = 8.785]; Tg/TSH P < 0.0001 [z = 8.850]). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves for Tg concentrations and Tg/TSH ratios were 0.913 and 0.916, respectively.Both Tg and Tg/TSH ratios might be considered predictive markers for metastases of DTC just after total thyroidectomy before the first I-131 ablative therapy.
Estrogen-sensitive PTPRO expression represses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by control of STAT3
Authors: Jiajie Hou, Juan Xu, Runqiu Jiang, Youjing Wang, Chen Chen, Lei Deng, Xingxu Huang, Xuehao Wang, Beicheng Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO), one of the receptor types of phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTP), was recently described as a tumor suppressor in various kinds of cancers. We aimed to clarify the role of PTPRO in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It was demonstrated in 180 pairs (120 male and 60 female) of clinical HCC specimens that the PTPRO level was significantly reduced, as compared with adjacent tissue, and the PTPRO level in male adjacent tissue was lower than in female. We further found that estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) could up-regulate PTPRO expression as a transcription factor. Moreover, an in vitro study showed that cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was promoted in PTPRO-transduced HCC cell lines, whereas an in vivo study represented that tumor number and size was increased in ptpro −/− mice. As a result of its tumor-suppressive position, PTPRO was proved to down-regulate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) activity dependent on Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) dephosphorylation. Conclusions: PTPRO expression results in pathological deficiency and gender bias in HCC, which could be attributed to ERα regulation. The suppressive role of PTPRO in HCC could be ascribed to STAT3 inactivation.
75. Molecular Imaging of an EGFP-DRD2-Expressing Vaccinia Virus
Authors: Navneet Mehta, Nan Tang, Hui Deng, Deborah Scollard, James Jonkman, Brian C. Wilson, Raymond M. Reilly, Judith A. McCart
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Background: As oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy come to clinical trials, noninvasive monitoring of vector biodistribution will be necessary. Oncolytic vaccinia viruses (rVV) preferentially target, infect and replicate in tumours, leading to an amplification of expressed genes, and ultimately protein products, which can be targets for imaging. The creation of a vaccinia virus vector which will both treat tumours and allow non-invasive imaging is a novel and exciting concept. Purpose: To develop non-invasive strategies of monitoring rVV in vivo and to investigate the sensitivity of imaging, earliest time point and persistence of gene expression. Methods: Athymic mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 105 murine colon cancer cells (MC-38). Upon tumor formation (5–7 mm), increasing doses of vvDD-EGFP-DRD2 were injected intraperitoneally. Six days later, mice were anesthetized and imaged. To determine the earliest time-point of EGFP detection and persistence, mice implanted with tumors and injected with virus were imaged 48 hours post-injection of the virus and then every 24 hours thereafter until fluorescence of protein products (EGFP) completely dissipated (optical imaging). In vitro binding studies were done to confirm that the radioligand 123I[IBF] specifically binds tumour cells infected with the DRD2-expressing virus. In vivo studies are currently being performed to examine biodistribution and specificity of the 123I[IBF] in nude mice after delivery of vvDD-EGFP-DRD2. Results: EGFP expression intensified with increasing viral dose to a mean maximum intensity of 63 52 units/cm2 of tumour area (at 109 pfu). Interestingly, fluorescence intensity varied inversely with tumour size. Mice injected with a control virus showed no fluorescence. Gene expression was detected as early as 48 hrs post viral injection, peaked at 9d and slowly dissipated by day 30. Physical tumour size was measured and correlated with the intensity of gene expression. In vitro binding studies confirmed that the virally-expressed DRD2 receptor has a high affinity for 123I[IBF], and in vivo studies are on-going. Conclusions: Optical and nuclear imaging of rVV expressing EGFP and DRD2 provides a non-invasive assessment of vector biodistribution and persistence, and potentially will be able to image tumour responses. Thus, we feel oncolytic vaccinia virus is a promising vector for cancer therapy.
Detection, treatment, and follow up of women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection seeking abortion in inner city general practices.
Authors: L. Southgate, J. Treharne, R. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Systematic identification, treatment and follow-up of women with chlamydial cervicitis among those seeking abortion in 4 neighboring London inner city clinics over 1 year is described. All consecutive patients seeking abortion from September 1986-September 1987 were offered preabortion screening for infection; chlamydia specimens were taken with dry cotton swabs and smears examined with the Microtrak test (Syva). 103 women were recruited out of 129 abortion seekers, from a total of 8002 women of reproductive age. 12 were found to have chlamydia infection with no signs or symptoms. Of 96 that had abortions, 9 consulted within 3 weeks for complications. 5 of these women had genital tract infection, and 4 had retained products. All women treated for chlamydial cervicitis remained symptom free. 8 were negative at follow up. 3 were in good health, but refused retesting. 2 women developed severe, acute illness within 48 hours of abortion, diagnoses as chlamydia infection. These complications could have been avoided if preabortion screening and treatment had been offered.
Interval Debulking of Ovarian Cancer — An Interim Measure
Authors: Jonathan S. Berek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic tumors and the fourth most frequent cause of death from cancer in women.1 At diagnosis, as many as 70 percent of women with the most common type of ovarian cancer, epithelial cancer, have advanced disease (stages III and IV).2 Fewer than 20 percent of patients with advanced cancer are alive five years after the diagnosis.3 Cytoreductive, or debulking, operations have become an established part of the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.4,5 Although the operation has been used extensively, until now the survival benefit of debulking surgery itself has . . .
Rupture of the Spleen Associated with Pancreatitis
Authors: Robert J. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SPONTANEOUS the spleen or  as a result of mild trauma may occur in association with a variety of conditions. Among these are pregnancy, leukemia, Gaucher's disease, malaria, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, sepsis, infectious mononucleosis, viral hepatitis, congenital hemolytic anemia, and chronic pancreatitis. 1-5   Rupture of the spleen in association with chronic pancreatitis has received only minimal attention in scattered case reports. We wish to add 2 cases and review the literature.  In 1937 Zuckerman and Jacobi 6 postulated a mechanism by which spleens might  spontaneously. They pointed out that unusual mobility of the spleen would permit gastric contractions to pull the spleen into unusual positions, causing passive congestion by occlusion of the splenic vein. The spleen then ruptures from the resulting enlargement, congestion, or infarction. The term spontaneous rupture is used with decreasing frequency, and most surgeons who have written recently on this subject do not believe normal spleens
THE ABSENCE FROM THE URINE OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA PATIENTS OF A MOSQUITO GROWTH FACTOR PRESENT IN NORMAL URINE
Authors: W. Trager, D. K. Miller, C. P. Rhoads
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

Extracts prepared from the urine of normal persons or patients with aplastic anemia or leukemia contain a substance, possibly flavine or a flavine compound, which under suitable conditions of test enhances the growth of larvae of the mosquito, Aëdes aegypti. This substance is lacking, or is present in much smaller amount, in extracts from the urine of pernicious anemia patients showing symptoms of the disease. Extracts from the urine of the same patients after adequate treatment contain as much of the substance as normal urine extracts.