tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
General practitioners' responsibilities to their patients.
Authors: M. Whitfield, R. Bucks
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The views of general practitioners about their responsibilities for patient care have not been canvassed. A survey of general practitioners was therefore carried out to determine their views. A postal questionnaire, in which general practitioners were asked what they saw as their responsibilities, was sent to 525 principals in Avon and completed by 424, giving a response rate of 81%. The doctors generally agreed that their responsibilities for patient care included problems related to internal medicine, such as managing diabetes and hypertension. Less consensus was found in the replies to questions about technical procedures, such as resection of ingrowing toenails, and gynaecological, orthopaedic, or psychosocial problems. The results supported the view that general practitioners are gradually abandoning technical aspects of medicine to specialists without a compensating role having been defined. In the light of this trend the responsibilities of general practitioners should be clearly defined by the profession.
Abstract 4001: Relationship between Exposure to the Prasugrel Active Metabolite with TIMI Major/Minor Bleeding in TRITON-TIMI 38
Authors: Daniel E Salazar, C. Steven Ernest, Rebecca E Wrishko, Govinda J Weerakkody, David S Small, Ying G Li, Shashank Rhohatagi, Bruce E Dornseif, Lan Ni, Elliot M Antman, Stephen D Wiviott, William L Macias, Jeffrey S Riesmeyer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

In TRITON-TIMI 38, patients treated with prasugrel had a higher incidence of TIMI bleeding compared to treatment with clopidogrel. Increased bleeding was most evident in patients &lt;60 kg or ≥75 years. The relationship between exposure to prasugrel active metabolite (Pras-AM) and TIMI Major/Minor (M/M) bleeding was assessed in 1159 patients enrolled in the TRITON pharmacokinetic substudy ~17% of treated population. The relationship between exposure and bleeding was also assessed in the subset of patients &lt;60 kg or ≥75 years. A multi-linear regression model was used to quantitatively predict Pras-AM from measurement of its 2 downstream inactive metabolites. Exposure quartiles for Pras-AM were constructed for all patients, as well as for patients ≥60 kg or &lt;75 years. TIMI bleeding by exposure quartiles was assessed. The risk of bleeding for patients &lt;60 kg or ≥75 years was assessed using the quartiles constructed for the complementary population. Relationship between exposure and bleeding was analyzed through 3 days from the first dose of study drug to evaluate the effect of the loading dose (LD; prasugrel 60 mg) and after 3 days from the first dose of study drug to evaluate the effect of the maintenance dose (MD; prasugrel 10 mg). In the overall population, a higher estimated exposure to Pras-AM was associated with a higher incidence of bleeding after 3 days (P&lt;0.05), but not through 3 days from the first dose of study drug. For patients ≥75 years, TIMI M/M bleeding was higher in the upper 2 quartiles of exposure (12.5%) compared to the lower 2 quartiles (2.5%). Patients ≥75 years in the lower quartile of exposure to Pras-AM had similar TIMI M/M bleeding compared to patients &lt;75 years. For patients &lt;60 kg, TIMI M/M bleeding was observed only in the upper quartile of exposure (14.8%). Increased estimated exposure to Pras-AM with the MD was associated with increased bleeding but exposure during LD was not associated with increased bleeding. In patients ≥75 years or &lt;60 kg, increased TIMI M/M bleeding was confined to patients in the highest exposure quartiles to Pras-AM. Patients &lt;75 years or 60 kg in the lower estimated exposure quartiles to Pras-AM had similar TIMI M/M bleeding compared to patients &lt;75 years or ≥60 kg, respectively.
Gut Bacteria and Melamine Toxicity
Authors: Bob Weinhold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Forum food safety Gut Bacteria and Melamine toxicityMelamine and its potential toxicity have drawn increased attention since a 2008 crisis in China in which milk, infant formula, and other foods were illegally laced with the chemical in order to increase their apparent protein content.That contamination affected an estimated 294,000 infants and children, with more than 50,000 hospitalizations and at least 6 deaths. 1 In a new analysis of specific mechanisms possibly involved with melamine toxicity, researchers from China, the United Kingdom, and the United States have found that at least one intestinal bacterial species, Klebsiella terrigena, may play a role. 2 Melamine is commonly used as an ingredient in certain laminates, coatings, plastics, resins, adhesives, dishware, kitchenware, and rubber and paper products.It also occurs
Observations on the Mechanism of Bone Resorption Induced by Multiple Myeloma Marrow Culture Fluids and Partially Purified Osteoclast-activating Factor
Authors: Robert G. Josse, Timothy M. Murray, Gregory R. Mundy, Donna Jez, Johan N. M. Heersche
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Supernatant fluids from the cultures of bone marrow cells from 10 of 12 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) caused bone resorption in organ cultures of fetal rat calvaria. In four patients, the marrow cells were cultured with and without indomethacin (1 μM). The supernatant fluids from indomethacintreated marrow cultures caused significantly less bone resorption than supernatant fluids of cell cultures without indomethacin. This inhibition of release of bone resorbing factor(s) by myeloma cultures is similar to the previously observed indomethacin-induced inhibition of osteoclast-activating factor (OAF) production by activated human leukocytes. None of the MM supernatants had any effect on cyclic (c)AMP accumulation in resorbing bone in vitro.
Ionic complex systems based on hyaluronic acid and PEGylated TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yu-Jeong Kim, Su Young Chae, Cheng-Hao Jin, M. Sivasubramanian, Sohee Son, Ki Young Choi, Dong-Gyu Jo, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Kang Choon Lee, Jae Hyung Park
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Chitosan-graft-polyethylenimine as a gene carrier
Authors: Hu-Lin Jiang, You-Kyoung Kim, Rohidas Arote, Jae-Woon Nah, Myung-Haing Cho, Yun-Jaie Choi, Toshihiro Akaike, Chong-Su Cho
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Adjuvant Chemotherapy "Works" for Breast Cancer With Involved Nodes
Authors: John D. Burrington
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was distressed to read the following statement in a recent article (232:995, 1975): "the difference was not actually statistically significant, but the trend was similar." This kind of overoptimistic conclusion, based on a small group of patients objectively observed for a short time, is the principal cause for the muddle about therapy of breast cancer, as well as many other clinical problems. While adjuvant chemotherapy may prove highly effective in increasing the disease-free interval after mastectomy, it has not yet stood the test of time. Who can forget the enthusiasm over glomectomy for asthma, gastric cooling for ulcer disease, and internal mammary ligation for coronary artery disease? Why bother with statistics if we base our conclusions on "trends" that cannot be separated by statistical methods from random or chance occurrence?
Mortality from coronary heart disease in the British army compared with the civil population.
Authors: P Lynch, B J Oelman
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A study was carried out in which mortality from coronary heart disease during 1973-7 in men aged under 55 years in the British army was compared with that in men in the civilian population. An inverse relation was found between mortality from coronary heart disease and rank in the army similar to that seen among the civilian social classes, but soldiers aged under 40 years had a significantly higher mortality than their civilian counterparts irrespective of the civilians9 social class. Correspondingly, officers had a significantly lower mortality, which suggests that strenuous exercise and other exigencies of military life per se, with the possible exception of cigarette consumption, are not to blame. Possibly the extremes of risk in the army are due mainly to factors associated with the identification of subgroups of high and low risk within the social classes and to the higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among soldiers.
A Further Note on the Biological Test for Blood and its Importance in Zoological Classification
Authors: G. H. F. Nuttall
Journal: BMJ (1901)

Bacteria have a complex internal organization with specific localization of many proteins and DNA, which dynamically move during the cell cycle and in response to changing environmental stimuli. Much less is known, however, about the localization and movements of RNA molecules. By modifying our previous RNA labeling system, we monitor the expression and localization of a model RNA transcript in live Escherichia coli cells. Our results reveal that the target RNA is not evenly distributed within the cell and localizes laterally along the long cell axis, in a pattern suggesting the existence of ordered helical RNA structures reminiscent of known bacterial cytoskeletal cellular elements.
Medical Treatment for Neurocysticercosis Characterized by Giant Subarachnoid Cysts
Authors: Jefferson V. Proaño, Ignacio Madrazo, Francisco Avelar, Blas López-Félix, Genaro Díaz, Israel Grijalva
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Infection with the larval form of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, can lead to the development of cysts in the brain. Surgical removal of cysts has been the accepted treatment for neurocysticercosis characterized by giant cysts when there is associated intracranial hypertension.We describe 33 patients whom we treated medically for malignant forms of neurocysticercosis. All patients had evidence of intracranial hypertension and subarachnoid cysts at least 50 mm in diameter. All patients received 15 mg of albendazole per kilogram of body weight per day for four weeks. Ten patients were also treated with 100 mg of praziquantel per kilogram per day for four weeks. Seventeen patients received a second course of albendazole, three received a third course, and one received a fourth course. During the first cycle of treatment, all patients also received dexamethasone. Five patients had previously undergone neurosurgery for giant cysts.After a median of 59 months of follow-up (range, 7 to 102), the condition of all 33 patients had improved, and the cysts had disappeared or become calcified. Of the 22 patients with a history of seizures, only 11 continued to receive antiseizure medications. The median quality-of-life score on the Karnofsky scale improved from 40 to 100. Fifteen patients received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt because of hydrocephalus. Four patients had persistent sequelae (bilateral partial optic atrophy, stroke, or diplopia) of the cysts.Intensive medical treatment can be effective in patients with neurocysticercosis characterized by giant cysts. Neurosurgery may be required only when there is an imminent risk of death.
The Right to Die
Authors: Daniel C. Morello
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Just as the right to die has become a more widely accepted concept, so has it been overzealously applied in some situations. The reasoning that a patient should be let go when an acute condition that would eventually lead to death supervenes is illogical and morally objectionable.  The argument that the quality of prolonged life should be a determinant in such a decision seems valid. Whenever possible the patient, with his physician's guidance, should make the decision regarding treatment of the acute condition, just as he is able to exercise his right to die and refuse extraordinary measures to preserve life. Within the physician-patient relationship, a necessary prerequisite for such decisions is truth concerning the patient's diagnosis and prognosis. The crux is judging the probable ultimate benefit to an individual patient. However, the fact that there is no simple answer should not obviate the necessity for making
Sawing Off a Plaster Cast.
Authors: M. Lewis Emerson
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Oakland, Cal., Sept. 7, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, September 5, Dr. Bechtol speaks under New Appliances of the Gigli saw in the removal of plaster-of-paris casts, and describes the method. Whenever I think I have discovered something new I always think of the saying, "Go abroad, young man." The method and saw described have been in use several years on this coast. One of the first x-ray photographs taken in the Waldeck Hospital about seven years ago shows the saw in the cast, as it was left under the cast until the plaster had set; which is better than removing it while the plaster is wet and soft. If not the Gigli saw, a piece of twisted or nicked steel wire will do. It is well to put on a light gauze bandage over the cotton before covering up the wire with the plaster, because if the
Chest wall velocity and the second heart sound. An improved sensor of S2 splitting.
Authors: D Smith, Y Ozawa, E Craige
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We report a new method of detection of the timing of the aortic and pulmonary valve closure that depends not on the registration of audible vibrations, but rather, on subtle but distinct movements of the chest wall, which are external manifestations of these events. We studied these phenomena in six open-chest dogs and in 69 human subjects. The dog studies show that the two distinct inward movements detected by a motion sensor applied to the epicardium in the vicinity of the right ventricular outflow tract correlate with the timing of the incisural notches of the pressure signals from the great vessels. In humans, these movements are transmitted to the skin surface and can be detected noninvasively. In 48 of the 69 human subjects (70%), these spikes provided a significantly better indication of the timing of semilunar valve closure than did the conventional phonocardiogram.
Direction of Preoperative Ventricular Shunting Affects Ventricular Mechanics After Tetralogy of Fallot Repair
Authors: Marc E. Richmond, Santos E. Cabreriza, Jason P. Van Batavia, T. Alexander Quinn, Joshua P. Kanter, Alan D. Weinberg, Ralph S. Mosca, Jan M. Quaegebeur, Henry M. Spotnitz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) typically results in clinical cyanosis or volume overload of the left ventricle (LV), depending on the direction and magnitude of shunting across the ventricular septal defect (VSD). The present study examines the effects of surgical TOF repair on LV mechanics and compares these changes between patients with VSD shunts that are predominantly right-to-left (R-L; "blue TOF") and those with VSD shunts that are predominantly left-to-right (L-R; "pink TOF").Eleven patients (6 R-L and 5 L-R) 4.3 to 18.4 months old (median 7.1 months old) were studied. LV end-diastolic area (EDA) was calculated from transesophageal echocardiograms obtained during initiation and weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. LV end-diastolic pressure was measured by micromanometer. Compliance was assessed by end-diastolic pressure-area curves. Contractility was assessed from preload recruitable stroke work by the stroke work-versus-LV EDA relation. VSD shunt direction was determined by preoperative Doppler echocardiography. Changes in LV function at the conclusion of cardiopulmonary bypass included decreased stroke area (from 6.6 +/- 0.9 to 4.1 +/- 0.4 cm(2)/m(2), P=0.012) and ejection fraction (from 55 +/- 2% to 41 +/- 3%, P<0.001). LV EDA at a common pressure in 8 patients decreased (from 10.4 +/- 1.4 to 7.6 +/- 1.2 cm(2)/m(2), P=0.003), which suggests a decrease in ventricular compliance. Additionally, the end-diastolic pressure-area curves shifted to the left in all patients. Preload recruitable stroke work decreased (from 34.8 +/- 2.4 to 21.8 +/- 2.6 mm Hg, P=0.007), which demonstrates a decrease in ventricular contractility. When separated by preoperative shunt direction, LV EDA increased in R-L patients by 0.9+/-0.5 cm(2)/m(2) postoperatively but decreased in L-R patients by 4.3 +/- 0.8 cm(2)/m(2) (P<0.001). Area ejection fraction decreased in all patients independent of shunting or change in LV EDA.LV diastolic and systolic function are depressed after TOF repair. Mechanical effects of the VSD patch and myocardial depressant effects of ischemia and reperfusion during surgery probably contribute to the observed changes in LV mechanics. Different effects of surgical repair on LV preload in pink and blue TOF also contribute to the spectrum of clinical results observed after surgery.
A CASE OF ASTASIA-ABASIA.
Authors: AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Astasia-abasia may be accepted as a convenient designation for a clinical condition characterized by inability to stand or to walk, but not dependent upon actual paralysis. Blocq (Revue générale de Clinique et de Thérapeutique, 1889, No. 11, p. 165) proposed the explanation that patients thus affected had lost the memory of the specialized movements requisite for the performance of those acts. As a rule sensibility, muscular power and coordination are preserved, though the disorder may be associated with hysteria or organic disease of the spinal cord. I wish to add a further case to the not very large number already contributed to the literature of the subject. The patient was a married woman, 46 years old, who was a housewife and whose husband was a cigar-maker. She was born in Philadephia and her family history presented a number of interesting features. One of three of her sisters living was paralyzed
Haematological cancer and quality of life: a systematic literature review
Authors: P Allart-Vorelli, B Porro, F Baguet, A Michel, F Cousson-Gélie
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the impact of haematological cancers on quality of life (QoL). A review of the international literature was conducted from the databases ‘PsycInfo' and 'Medline' using the keywords: 'haematological cancer', 'quality of life', 'physical', 'psychological', 'social', 'vocational', 'professional', 'economic', 'cognitive', and 'sexual'. Twenty-one reliable studies were analysed. Among these studies, 12 showed that haematological cancer altered overall QoL, 8 papers found a deterioration of physical dimension, 8 papers reported on functional and role dimensions, 11 papers reported on the psychological component and 9 on the social component. Moreover, one study and two manuscripts, respectively, reported deteriorated sexual and cognitive dimensions. Our review demonstrates that the different dimensions of QoL are deteriorated by haematological malignancies and, probably, by the side effects of treatment.
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 LEVELS REFLECT IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND EXTENT OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Masaaki Konishi, Masami Kosuge, Yasushi Matsuzawa, Zenkou Nagashima, Nobuhiko Maejima, Mitsuaki Endo, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Kiyoshi Hibi, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
739 EFFECTS OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE ON RENAL FUNCTION IN CHRONIC HBV PATIENTS IN THREE GLOBAL RANDOMIZED STUDIES
Authors: P. Marcellin, E.J. Heathcote, T. Berg, J. Anderson, E. Mondou, D. Coombs, R. Ebrahimi, S. Reddy, U. Lopatin, J. McNally, C. Ng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Testing for Allergic Disease
Authors: Steven J. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 August 1990Testing for Allergic DiseaseSteven J. Smith, PhD, William R. Hendee, PhDSteven J. Smith, PhDSearch for more papers by this author, William R. Hendee, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-4-331 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The American College of Physicians' position paper (1) and the article by VanArsdel and Larson (2) on allergy testing make several disparaging comments about the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), clearly implying that this procedure does not compare favorably with diagnostic skin testing. These conclusions differ from those of a multispecialty allergy panel of the Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Medical Association (AMA) (3-5).The deficiencies of the test, as stated in both the position paper (1) and the article (2), and in our comments based on the Council on Scientific Affairs In Vitro Allergy Report (5),...References1. . Allergy testing. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:317-20. LinkGoogle Scholar2. VanArsdelLarson PE. Diagnostic tests for patients with suspected allergic disease: utility and limitations. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:304-12. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . In vivo diagnostic testing and immunotherapy for allergy: report I, part 1, of the Allergy Panel. JAMA. 1987;258:1365-7. Google Scholar4. . In vivo diagnostic testing and immunotherapy for allergy: report I, part II, of the Allergy Panel. JAMA. 1987;258:1505-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. . In vitro testing for allergy: report II of the Allergy Panel. JAMA. 1987;258:1639-43. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. VanArsdelLarson PE. Diagnostic tests for patients with suspected allergic disease: utility and limitations. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:304-12. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Allergenic skin testing should be based on patient's medical history—American College of Physicians. The Blue Sheet. 1989:32(22 Feb):6. Google Scholar3. . Allergy testing. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:317-20. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven J. Smith, PhD; William R. Hendee, PhDAffiliations: American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs Chicago, IL 60610 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1990Volume 113, Issue 4Page: 331-332KeywordsAllergic diseasesAllergy and immunologyRadioallergosorbent test ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 August 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Incidental Lymph Node Visualization on Bone Scan Due to Subcutaneous Infiltration of Tc-99m MDP
Authors: A SEMIH DOGAN, KARIM REZAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Soft tissue localization of radiotracer on bone scintigraphy may result in false-positive interpretations, if the activity overlies a bony structure. A case is presented in which special views and follow-up clarified the soft tissue nature of focal uptake in arm and axilla.