tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reporting pesticide assessment results to farmworker families: development, implementation, and evaluation of a risk communication strategy.
Authors: Sara A Quandt, Alicia M Doran, Pamela Rao, Jane A Hoppin, Beverly M Snively, Thomas A Arcury
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The collection of environmental samples presents a responsibility to return information to the affected participants. Explaining complex and often ambiguous scientific information to a lay audience is a challenge. As shown by environmental justice research, this audience frequently has limited formal education, increasing the challenge for researchers to explain the data collected, the risk indicated by the findings, and action the affected community should take. In this study we describe the development and implementation of a risk communication strategy for environmental pesticide samples collected in the homes of Latino/a migrant and seasonal farmworkers in a community-based participatory research project. The communication strategy was developed with community input and was based on face-to-face meetings with members of participating households. Using visual displays of data effectively conveyed information about individual household contamination and placed it in the context of community findings. The lack of national reference data and definitive standards for action necessitated a simplified risk message. We review the strengths and weaknesses of such an approach and suggest areas for future research in risk communication to communities affected by environmental health risks.
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools, 1997-1998
Authors: Barbara Barzansky
Journal: JAMA (1998)

To describe the current status of medical education programs in the United States, we used data from the 1997-1998 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Annual Medical School Questionnaire, which had a 100% response rate, and from other sources. There were 96733 full-time medical school faculty members, a 1.2% increase from 1996-1997. The 43020 applicants for the class entering in 1997 represents an 8.4% decrease from 1996. The number of 1997 applicants who were members of underrepresented minority groups decreased 11.1 % from 1996, and the number of entering underrepresented minority group students decreased 8.4%. More than half of medical schools reported that the number of inpatients available for medical student education had decreased in at least some of their clinical sites or in some disciplines during the past 2 years. Thirty-nine medical schools (31.2%) reported having more difficulty recruiting or retaining volunteer clinical faculty to participate in medical student teaching in 1997 than in 1995.
Involvement of mouse Mlh1 in DNA mismatch repair and meiotic crossing over
Authors: Sean M. Baker, Annemieke W. Plug, Tomas A. Prolla, C. Eric Bronner, Allie C. Harris, Xiang Yao, Donna-Marie Christie, Craig Monell, Norm Arnheim, Allan Bradley, Terry Ashley, R. Michael Liskay
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Using the Nicotine Patch to Stop Smoking
Authors: George S. Richardson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The evidence from meta-analysis that the nicotine patch is indeed an effective aid to smoking cessation is encouraging.<sup>1</sup>It must have occurred to many cigarette smokers, however, that the steady delivery of nicotine by the patch is entirely different than that gratifying first deep drag on a freshly lit cigarette. Cigarettes would seem likely to deliver a sharp rise in blood nicotine that might even reach the toxic range transiently. If this is true, the cigarette industry has furnished smokers with an inhaler that delivers safe levels of nicotine. In my personal experience, cigars, with their long-wave delivery of nicotine, do not satisfy cigarette addiction. The addictive component of cigarettes is nicotine, and carcinogens and pulmonary irritants are something else. Perhaps the manufacturers of patches or the manufacturers of cigarettes should develop another safe nicotine inhaler that would satisfy cigarette addicts without exposing them to the
Native Art v 1 and recombinant Art v 1 are able to induce humoral and T cell-mediated in vitro and in vivo responses in mugwort allergy
Authors: Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, David Holzmann, Martin Himly, Michael Weichel, Sandra Tresch, Beate Rückert, Günter Menz, Fatima Ferreira, Kurt Blaser, Brunello Wüthrich, Reto Crameri
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Serum titres of Pneumocystis carinii antibody in health care workers caring for patients with AIDS.
Authors: T R Leigh, M J Millett, B Jameson, J V Collins
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was thought to occur from reactivation of latent infection, but recent studies with the polymerase chain reaction have failed to detect P carinii in normal subjects. If pneumocystis pneumonia is therefore caused by new infection the source and mode of transmission of P carinii remains unknown. METHODS--Natural exposure to P carinii was detected by measuring antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence in 24 health care workers working continuously with patients with AIDS and 24 control health care workers exclusively treating elderly patients. RESULTS--P carinii antibody titres were significantly higher in the health care workers exposed to AIDS than in the control group (median titre 1:32 v 1:16 respectively). Three control subjects had no antibodies compared with none of the subjects exposed to AIDS, and 10 of the 12 highest titres came from the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS--Raised P carinii antibody titres in health care workers caring for patients with AIDS suggest that patients infected with HIV may be a potentially infectious source of P carinii for susceptible subjects.
PLATELET-DEPENDENT GENERATION OF CHEMOTACTIC ACTIVITY IN SERUM
Authors: Babette B. Weksler, C. Elaine Coupal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

A protein fraction extracted from the lysosomal granules of human platelets generated chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes when incubated with fresh serum. The platelet factor was also released during platelet aggregation with collagen or epinephrine and appeared to be released during blood clotting. Heated serum did not support the platelet-dependent generation of chemotactic activity. Treatment of fresh serum with antibody to the fifth component of complement also prevented development of activity. Purified human C5 but not C3 yielded chemotactic activity upon incubation with the platelet factor. Thus, human platelets are capable of stimulating chemotaxis via complement activation in a manner similar to leukocytes, and may therefore participate in the early stages of inflammation.
Hemorrhagic Gastritis as a New Dose-Limiting Toxicity of Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: R. L. Krigel, K. A. Padavic-Shaller, A. A. Rudolph, J. D. Young, L. M. Weiner, M. Konrad, R. L. Comis
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Hemorrhagic Gastritis as a New Dose-Limiting Toxicity of Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Get access Robert L. Krigel, Robert L. Krigel * Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa *Correspondence to : Robert L Krigel, MD, Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 7701 Burholme Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kristin A. Padavic-Shaller, Kristin A. Padavic-Shaller Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alfred A. Rudolph, Alfred A. Rudolph Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Young, John D. Young Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Louis M. Weiner, Louis M. Weiner Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PaCetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Konrad, Michael Konrad Cetus CorporationEmeryville, Calif Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert L. Comis Robert L. Comis Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 2, 16 January 1991, Page 129, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.2.129 Published: 16 January 1991 Article history Received: 20 August 1990 Revision received: 26 October 1990 Accepted: 02 November 1990 Published: 16 January 1991
Ginkgo-Tree Dermatitis, Stomatitis, and Proctitis
Authors: Larry E. Becker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ALLERGENS causing skin sensitization also can result in allergic contact reactions of mucous membranes including cheilitis, stomatitis, proctitis, and pruritus ani. The present case illustrates an unusual cause of such allergy from the fruit of the female ginkgo tree. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 63-year-old man was observed in the Dermatology Clinic for porphyria cutaneatarda. His urinary uroporphyrins had decreased to 227μg/24 hr with abstinence from alcohol. During a scheduled return visit, perioral erythema and swelling were noted. The patient related a history of burning, tingling, and soreness of his mouth, and a thick feeling in his tongue which began that morning. He denied the ingestion of new foods, new toothpaste, chewing gum, or oral medications. Results of a physical examination showed perioral erythema, swollen lips, and erythema of the buccal mucosa, tongue, and tonsillar pillars. The patient was advised to change toothpaste, avoid chewing gum, gargle with salt water,
Cardiopulmonary effects in awake rats four and six months after exposure to methyl isocyanate.
Authors: J S Tepper, M J Wiester, D L Costa, W P Watkinson, M F Weber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Cardiopulmonary function was assessed four and six months after Fischer 344 rats were exposed to 2 hr to 0, 3, or 10 ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC). During assessment, the rats were challenged with 4 and 8% carbon dioxide (CO2) to stimulate ventilatory drive. Minute ventilation (VE) during CO2 challenge was increased in MIC-treated rats compared to controls when examined 4 months after exposure to 10 ppm MIC, suggesting a ventilation/perfusion inequality. An increase in maximum expiratory flow and a decrease in expiratory time indicated increased lung recoil in these rats. Evidence of pulmonary hypertension was observed in electrocardiograms (ECGs) and supported by postmortem analysis that showed a positive association between increased ECG abnormalities and increased right ventricular weights in the rats treated with 10 ppm MIC. At 6 months, forced expiratory flow-volume curves indicated persistent airway obstruction; however, no changes in inspiratory or expiratory resistance were evident. Decreased dynamic compliance and changes in two new measures of lung function (volume and time at zero expiratory intrapleural pressure) suggest that MIC-induced lung dysfunction also exhibited elements of a restrictive disease.
Trouble down under
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Greetings from Australia's Northern Territory, where I have been learning the meaning of the word “remote.” Yesterday we drove for three hours before meeting another vehicle. Every 200 km or so we encountered a road sign or a shrivelled lake with a solitary pelican. Otherwise there is just bush—and the red, red earth.

The trip began with a lecture tour. At an interdisciplinary meeting on management of chronic disease in rural and remote communities, one questioner …
Misplacement of Endoscopic Biliary Endoprostheses
Authors: A. A. Nicholson, D. F. Martin
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Four patients with cholangiocarcinoma involving the common hepatic duct or the confluence of the hepatic ducts are described here, in whom endoscopically placed endoprostheses were unknowingly misplaced, with their proximal portions lying outside the bile duct system. Because of persisting jaundice, the stents were changed endoscopically in three cases on several occasions, but the misplacement was not recognized. The problem was recognized during percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in all four patients, with percutaneous stent placement allowing resolution of the jaundice. The avoidance and management of this complication is discussed.
Association of tumour necrosis factor promoter polymorphisms with ankylosing spondylitis in Taiwan
Authors: M.-Y. Shiau, M.-K. Lo, C.-P. Chang, T.-P. Yang, K.-T. Ho, Y.-H. Chang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Ankylosing spondylitis is a genetic-susceptible inflammatory spondyloarthropathy that mainly affects the sacroiliac joints. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α, a potent proinflammatory cytokine and immune modulator of joint destruction, is suggested to be a risk factor for the development of ankylosing spondylitis.1 Evidence of an association between TNFα gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis showed conflicting results. Most of such studies focused on Caucasian subjects; few in the Taiwanese population were documented except for a recent study that reported the association between the interleukin 1 gene cluster and ankylosing spondylitis.2

Our study examined the distribution of TNFα promoter polymorphisms among Taiwanese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. A total of 143 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (97 men and 46 women, mean (standard deviation (SD)) age 41.7 (11.5) years), defined by the modified …
HTLV-1 uses HSPG and neuropilin-1 for entry by molecular mimicry of VEGF165
Authors: Sophie Lambert, Manuella Bouttier, Roger Vassy, Michel Seigneuret, Cari Petrow-Sadowski, Sébastien Janvier, Nikolaus Heveker, Francis W. Ruscetti, Gérard Perret, Kathryn S. Jones, Claudine Pique
Journal: Blood (2009)
Efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in pregnancy to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Astrid-Jane Greenup, Pok Kern Tan, Vi Nguyen, Anne Glass, Scott Davison, Ushmi Chatterjee, Susan Holdaway, Dev Samarasinghe, Kathy Jackson, Stephen A. Locarnini, Miriam T. Levy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Aging, Natural Death, and the Compression of Morbidity: Another View
Authors: Edward L. Schneider, Jacob A. Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In a compelling and articulate Special Article published in the Journal over three years ago, Fries1 outlined a set of predictions indicating that the number of very old people would not increase, that the average period of diminished vigor would decrease, that chronic diseases would occupy a smaller proportion of the life span, and that the needs for medical care in later life would decrease. Such predictions have important implications for planning the future allocation of health resources. The evidence that we will review supports quite different conclusions: that the number of very old people is increasing rapidly, that the . . .
N-acetylcysteine as an antidote in methylmercury poisoning.
Authors: N Ballatori, M W Lieberman, W Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Methylmercury is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and potent neurotoxin. Treatment of methylmercury poisoning relies almost exclusively on the use of chelating agents to accelerate excretion of the metal. The present study demonstrates that oral administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a widely available and largely nontoxic amino acid derivative, produces a profound acceleration of urinary methylmercury excretion in mice. Mice that received NAC in the drinking water (10 mg/ml) starting at 48 hr after methylmercury administration excreted from 47 to 54% of the 203Hg in urine over the subsequent 48 hr, as compared to 4-10% excretion in control animals. When NAC-containing water was given from the time of methylmercury administration, it was even more effective at enhancing urinary methylmercury excretion and at lowering tissue mercury levels. In contrast, excretion of inorganic mercury was not affected by oral NAC administration. The ability of NAC to enhance methylmercury excretion when given orally, its relatively low toxicity, and is wide availability in the clinical setting indicate that it may be an ideal therapeutic agent for use in methylmercury poisoning.
Clinical and chest radiographic features of tuberculosis associated with human immunodeficiency virus in Zimbabwe.
Authors: A L Pozniak, G A MacLeod, D Ndlovu, E Ross, M Mahari, J Weinberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In the developing world, the diagnosis of tuberculosis is dependent on clinical and radiologic features as culture facilities are not readily available. It has been reported that tuberculosis in HIV-positive persons can present with atypical clinical and radiographic features. The object of this study was to examine how often atypical features occur in HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative persons and how these findings correspond to sputum-smear findings. Detailed demographic, clinical, and chest radiographic features of tuberculosis were assessed in 202 HIV-positive adults and 220 HIV-negative patients admitted consecutively. Using univariate analysis, several of these features were found to be significantly associated with being HIV-positive, but after multiple regression analysis only, age group (15 to 42 yr), a negative tuberculin response, intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, and lack of cavitation but not sputum-smear status remained significant.
Comparison of long-term prognosis of patients with AIDS treated and not treated with zidovudine. AIDS in Europe Study Group
Authors: J. D. Lundgren
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine the association between elapsed time since starting zidovudine and survival in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Inception cohort and observational study of patients treated and not treated with zidovudine.Fifty-one centers in 17 European countries.A total of 4484 patients diagnosed as having AIDS from 1979 to 1989 who survived their initial AIDS-defining event and who had not started zidovudine before AIDS diagnosis.Use of zidovudine and mortality.Among patients who did not receive zidovudine, the death rate was approximately constant for the first 5 years after AIDS diagnosis. For patients treated with zidovudine, the death rate within the first year since starting zidovudine was markedly lower than for untreated patients who had developed AIDS at the same time (relative rate, 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.51). For longer times since starting zidovudine, the association with reduced mortality rate was diminished, and for patients surviving more than 2 years since starting zidovudine, the death rate was greater than for untreated patients who had developed AIDS at the same time (relative rate, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.58). Adjustment for other prognostic factors failed to substantially affect this observation.When initiated after the time of AIDS diagnosis, zidovudine was associated with improved prognosis but for no more than 2 years after starting therapy.
Dissecting aneurysm of aorta complicating aortic valvular stenosis.
Authors: T Fukuda, S M Tadavarthy, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Six cases of classical dissecting aneurysm of the aorta complicating aortic valvular disease in which aortic stenosis was dominant are described. In three of the cases the aortic complication occurred after the natural aortic valve had been replaced by a prosthetic valve. The longest postoperative period was four months. The factor common to all reported cases in our series was cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. The authors agree with the concept of McKusick and associates that aortic dissecting aneurysm complicating aortic valvular disease is an association other than chance and is related to cystic medial necrosis of the aorta. The latter, in turn, is a consequence of the altered hemodynamics of aortic valvular disease, particularly stenosis.
Corticosteroid enhances TNF-α-mediated leukocyte adhesion to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells
Authors: A. Matsuda, K. Orihara, S. Fukuda, H. Fujinaga, K. Matsumoto, H. Saito
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Some severe asthma patients are characterized by elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. Although such phenotypic changes in asthma might contribute to corticosteroid refractoriness, the role of TNF‐α in the process remains unclear. TNF‐α exerts its biological effects mainly by acting on the vascular endothelium, and thereby upregulates leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the TNF‐α‐mediated responses of human microvascular endothelial cells from lung blood vessels (HMVEC‐LBl) in vitro . Methods: HMVEC‐LBl were cultured with TNF‐α in the presence and absence of DEX. The effects of DEX on various TNF‐α‐mediated responses, such as the expressions of chemokines and cellular adhesion molecules, leukocyte adhesion were determined. Results: TNF‐α significantly induced growth‐related oncogene alpha (GRO‐α), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and interferon‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) productions and cell surface expressions of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1) on HMVEC‐LBl. TNF‐α‐induced GRO‐α and IL‐8 were slightly attenuated by DEX treatment (reaches to 89% and 79%, respectively), whereas expressions of IP‐10, ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 were significantly enhanced by the same treatment (up to 172%, 152% and 139%, respectively). Correspondingly, in vitro adhesion of eosinophils and neutrophils to TNF‐α‐treated HMVEC‐LBl were significantly enhanced by DEX. Conclusions: Some proinflammatory effects of DEX, a corticosteroid, were found in TNF‐α‐mediated in vitro reactions of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, i.e. chemokine productions and leukocyte adhesion. These in vitro results may explain, at least in part, the corticosteroid refractoriness accompanied by a marked increase in TNF‐α production that is seen in severe asthmatic patients.
Letter: Steroid aerosols and candidiasis.
Authors: S Godfrey, G Hambleton, P Konig
Journal: BMJ (1974)

published in the near fuutre.6The pre- liminary results of in vitro lipid haemodialysis utilizing '4C-imipramine indicate a clearance of approximately 20 to 40 ml/min, depending on the type of filter, dialysate, and blood-line system used.-Weare, etc.,
Linear intraoral lesions in the sebaceous nevus syndrome
Authors: Patrick H. Warnke, Paul A.J. Russo, Gustav W. Schimmelpenning, Rudolf Happle, Franz Härle, Axel Hauschild, Eugene Sherry, Jutta Luttges, Hendrik Terheyden, Axel Dunsche, Ingo N.G. Springer
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Demonstration of Bleeding into a Pancreatic Pseudocyst on a Technetium-99m Labeled Red Blood Cell Scan
Authors: MARY JANE ELLISON, ALAN THORNBURG, ELLIOTT TURBINER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Bleeding into a pancreatic pseudocyst in the head of the pancreas was demonstrated using Tc-99m labeled RBC imaging in a case of hemorrhagic pancreatitis.