tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypersensitivity to <i>Forcipomyia taiwana</i> (biting midge): clinical analysis and identification of major For t 1, For t 2 and For t 3 allergens
Authors: Y.‐H. Chen, M.‐F. Lee, J.‐L. Lan, C.‐S. Chen, H.‐L. Wang, G.‐Y. Hwang, C.‐H. Wu
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Forcipomyia taiwana is a tiny, blood‐sucking midge that cause intense pruritis and swelling in sensitive individuals. It is distributed island‐wide in rural Taiwan and Southern China. Objective: This study aimed to study the allergic immune responses and identify F. taiwana allergens. Methods: Crude whole body F. taiwana extracts were prepared with phosphate‐buffered saline. The specific IgE antibody was determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and immunoblotting. Protein was analyzed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Among the 372 subjects that were exposed to F. taiwana bites, 179 (48%) reported an immediate skin reaction with/without delay reaction and 41(11.1%) reported a solely delay reaction. The skin of 21 subjects was tested with F. taiwana extract. Of these 21 subjects, 12 (57.1%) produced immediate skin reactions and contained high levels of specific IgE antibody against F. taiwana. Immunoblotting revealed that 11 allergenic components are able to bind specific IgE. Allergens of 22, 24, 35, 36, and 64 kDa bound 50, 50, 75, 66.7, and 75% of IgE‐containing sera tested, respectively. Tryptic fragments of the 24, 35, 36, and 64 kDa allergens were analyzed by ESI‐MS/MS. Selected tryptic peptides of 24, 35, and 36, and 64 kDa allergens exhibited significant sequence identity with triosephosphate isomerase of Anopheles merus, Tenebrio molitor, Ochlerotatus togoi, and Chrysops vittatus, fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase of Antheraea yamamai and Homalodisca coagulata, and a slow muscle myosin S 1 heavy chain of Homarus americanus and a protein with unknown function from A. gambiae, respectively. The 35 and 36 kDa proteins may represent different isoforms of the fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase. Conclusion: We conclude that immediate reaction to F. taiwana bites is IgE mediated and the 24 (For t 1), 35 (For t 2), and 64 kDa (For t 3) proteins are candidates for major F. taiwana allergens. Further studies are needed to confirm these allergens.
Left Atrial Strain Predicts Reverse Remodeling After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Laurens F. Tops, Victoria Delgado, Matteo Bertini, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Dennis W. Den Uijl, Serge A.I.P. Trines, Katja Zeppenfeld, Eduard Holman, Martin J. Schalij, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Exempting mental health units from smoke-free laws: Issue should no longer be ignored
Authors: Faouzi Dib Alam
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Evidence based diagnosis We may need to be open to new ideasEditor-If evidence based diagnosis is still in the dark ages, as Delamothe writes, 1 then so is evidence based treatment.The doctor's job is to choose the right treatment.If the diagnosis is wrong then the treatment will be wrong.Inaccurate diagnoses will also affect clinical trials.A treatment may be "evidence based" because it has worked in a published study, but some patients who would have responded might have been left out because of diagnostic inaccuracy while some patients with no prospect of responding might have been included incorrectly. 2vidence based diagnosis is about convincing others using shared rules of evidence that a diagnosis (and its implications in terms of treatment) should be accepted by others.Evidence is gathered from the individual and from groups of patients. 3Evidence based diagnosis means specifying the individual's facts in addition to pointing to facts relating to that diagnosis in the literature. 4ayes's theorem uses unconditional initial prior probabilities.Diagnostic leads are based on conditional probabilities and are used to initiate diagnostic thought processes. 4owever, closely related theorems can be used to interpret diagnostic leads, which allow doctors to reason with diagnostic evidence in a more familiar way, 3 thus reducing misunderstandings. 5So to improve evidence based diagnosis we also need to collect better data on diagnostic leads.The published evidence given for a diagnosis and any related actions cannot realistically be assembled when actually seeing a patient.A draft evidence based rationale might be prepared in advance.It would have to be capable of being accessed in seconds to provide evidence in support of a suspected diagnosis and decision arrived at by using kindness, imagination, and common sense.It could be put into context by inserting the patient's details into the draft evidence summoned up from a computer.If we are to make progress and allow evidence based diagnosis to emerge from the dark ages then in addition to doing more of the same, we may also have to be receptive to new ideas.
Marrow fibrosis, indicator of therapy failure in chronic myeloid leukemia – prospective long-term results from a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: G Buesche, R Hehlmann, H Hecker, H Heimpel, B Heinze, A Schmeil, M Pfirrmann, G Gomez, A Tobler, H Herrmann, M Kappler, J Hasford, T Buhr, H-H Kreipe, A Georgii
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
The national service framework for long term conditions
Authors: Niruj Agrawal, Alex J Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Aims to meet psychological, social, and emotional needs in neurological disorders 

I n March 2005 the UK Department of Health released the national service framework for long term conditions.1 This framework comprises 11 requirements for improving, over the next 10 years, the quality of health and social care services for people with long term neurological conditions: persistent brain disorders with a wide range of complex physical, social, and psychological complications. This document may go some way towards raising awareness of some of the greatest unmet needs in the NHS.

The burden of such conditions is huge. Fifteen years ago the World Health Organization showed that broadly defined neuropsychiatric disorders were the most important cause of disability worldwide.w1 Some 10 million people across the United Kingdom have a neurological condition, and nearly 2 million care for someone with either a neurological or a mental health problem.w2

Around half the patients with long term active neurological conditions in the …
Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate Poisoning Following Airplane Dusting
Authors: Griffith E. Quinby
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The health hazard of drifting pesticide dusts has long been appreciated. However, poisoning by this method has never been documented. Under unusual conditions of static air, drifting of 1% tetraethyl pyrophosphate dust caused two small outbreaks of mild topical pulmonary poisoning at Toppenish and Wenatchee, Wash. The predominant symptom, shortness of breath, cleared soon after the exposures were terminated. However, cattle were systemically poisoned and two heifers died. There were at least five other similar outbreaks reported in cattle in the same valley. The applications had been made by airplane in accordance with practices current for 16 years. Onsets occurred after the dust had been breathed for about 30 minutes. Whenever people or animals are inadvertently enveloped in such static clouds in the future, their more prompt removal from the area should prevent recurrence of these episodes.
Men, Women, and Car Crashes
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Last US manufacturer of drug used in executions stops production
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The only US manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the anaesthetic widely used in the execution of death row prisoners in the US, has decided to pull out of the market amid European opposition to the death penalty.

Hospira, which ceased manufacture of the drug in the US, citing unspecified problems with its raw materials supplier, had been about to move production to its factory in Italy. But the Italian government said it would permit the company to make the drug there only if it could guarantee that it would be used only as a mainstream anaesthetic and not for …
Book Review Gastrointestinal Oncology: A Critical Multidisciplinary Team Approach Edited by Janusz Jankowski, Richard Sampliner, David Kerr, and Yuman Fong. 728 pp., illustrated. Malden, MA, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. $329.95. 978-1-4051-2783-7
Authors: Finlay Macrae
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)
Incorrect Concentration of α2‐Antiplasmin Shown in Figures in the Article by Kanno et al (Arthritis Rheum, February 2013)
Authors: Yosuke Kanno, Eri Kawashita, Akiko Kokado, Kiyotaka Okada, Shigeru Ueshima, Osamu Matsuo, Hiroyuki Matsuno
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

In the article by Kanno et al in the February 2013 issue of Arthritis & Rheumatism (pages 492–502), the concentration of α2-antiplasmin (α2AP) used in experiments was shown incorrectly in several figures and/or figure legends. In Figures 1C and E, Figures 2A and B, Figures 4A and B, and Figures 5D and E, the α2AP concentration should have been shown as 2 nM.
'The focus is on patients' clinical needs and distress'
Authors: M. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Casualty Watch was started in south London in the early 1990s by Southwark Community Health Council, at a time when many patients using King's College Hospital experienced inadequate and inappropriate emergency care because the accident and emergency department was physically unsuited to the increasing demand for its services. Casualty Watch is a rapid, systematic method of collecting data on patient waiting times on trolleys and beds in emergency departments simultaneously over any chosen area. The data are faxed to a data collection point, analysed, and then distributed back to the local community health council, hospitals, health authorities, health ministers, and the media within days, providing a picture of the state of emergency care across the country. The data include patients' length of wait from arrival, age, sex, presumptive diagnosis, and action plan.

The trained “casualty watchers,” who collect the data, are local people appointed to the statutory community health councils to monitor local health services and are committed to improving the quality of emergency services in their area. Many have personal experiences of receiving treatment in the department they are monitoring and see Casualty Watch as a way of improving services for the whole community.

The casualty watchers simultaneously arrive at their local …
Acetazolamide in prevention of acute mountain sickness: a double-blind controlled cross-over study.
Authors: M K Greene, A M Kerr, I B McIntosh, R J Prescott
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Twenty-four amateur climbers took part in a double-blind controlled cross-over trial of acetazolamide versus placebo for the prevention of acute mountain sickness. They climbed Kilimanjaro (5895 m) and Mt Kenya (5186 m) in three weeks with five rest days between ascents. The severity of acute mountain sickness was gauged by a score derived from symptoms recorded daily by each subject. On kilimanjaro those taking acetazolamide reached a higher altitude (11 v 4 reached the summit) and had a lower symptom score than those taking placebo (mean 4.8 v 14.3). Those who had taken acetazolamide on Kilimanjaro maintained their low symptom scores while taking placebo on Mt Kenya (mean score 1.9), whereas those who had taken placebo on Kilimanjaro experienced a pronounced improvement when they took acetazolamide on Mt Kenya (mean score 2.5). Acute mountain sickness prevented one subject for completing either ascent. Acetazolamide was acceptable to 23 of the 24 subjects. Acetazolamide is recommended as an acceptable and effective prophylactic for acute mountain sickness.
Multicenter phase II study of neoadjuvant capecitabine (X), docetaxel (T) ± trastuzumab (H) for patients (pts) with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC): final analysis.
Authors: H Wildiers, P Neven, M Christiaens, G Fesneaux, F Amant, C Weltens, A Smeets, E van Limbergen, G Debrock, V Renard, R Paridaens
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5115 Background: Addition of X to T significantly improves RR, TTP and OS vs T alone in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Addition of X to first-line TH in HER2-positive MBC significantly improves PFS and TTP. X and T are synergistic with H in HER2-positive tumors. We present final efficacy data of TX ±H in LABC.&amp;#x2028; Materials and methods: Pts with newly diagnosed invasive stage III inoperable BC (cT4 and/or cN2–3) received X (900 mg/m2 orally bid d1–14) + T (36 mg/m2 i.v. d1&amp;8) q3w x6, followed by surgery and radiotherapy. Pts with HER2-positive tumors (IHC 3+ or FISH+) also received H (8 mg/kg d1 of the first cycle and 6 mg/kg d1 of subsequent cycles). Safety was evaluated after each cycle, clinical response after 3 and 6 cycles, and pathological complete response (pCR) postoperatively (pCR = no residual invasive tumor in breast and axilla).&amp;#x2028; Results: Between Dec 2003 and Dec 2007, 43 pts with HER2-positive LABC were treated with TXH and 52 with HER2-negative LABC received TX. pCR rate was 21/43 (49%) with TXH and 10/52 (19%) with TX. In the TXH cohort, pts without pCR included 1 pt with disease progression and 2 pts who refused mastectomy after chemotherapy. At the meeting, full data on the whole group, including baseline characteristics and toxicity, will be presented.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: TX±H, a neoadjuvant regimen without anthracyclines, is an effective regimen in the neoadjuvant setting. pCR rate is lower in the TX arm (19%) than in the TXH arm (49%). This shows the important contribution of H in achieving pCR, although the different biology of HER2-positive tumors might also account for differences in efficacy. TX is an attractive regimen to combine with H since it is a highly effective regimen and less cardiotoxic in contrast with anthracycline based regimens. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5115.
Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk for Fractures
Authors: Christina D. Wirth, Manuel R. Blum, Bruno R. da Costa, Christine Baumgartner, Tinh-Hai Collet, Marco Medici, Robin P. Peeters, Drahomir Aujesky, Douglas C. Bauer, Nicolas Rodondi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Background: Data on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and fractures conflict. Purpose: To assess the risk for hip and nonspine fractures associated with subclinical thyroid dysfunction among prospective cohorts. Data Sources: Search of MEDLINE and EMBASE (1946 to 16 March 2014) and reference lists of retrieved articles without language restriction. Study Selection: Two physicians screened and identified prospective cohorts that measured thyroid function and followed participants to assess fracture outcomes. Data Extraction: One reviewer extracted data using a standardized protocol, and another verified data. Both reviewers independently assessed methodological quality of the studies. Data Synthesis: The 7 population-based cohorts of heterogeneous quality included 50 245 participants with 1966 hip and 3281 nonspine fractures. In random-effects models that included the 5 higher-quality studies, the pooled adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism versus euthyrodism were 1.38 (95% CI, 0.92 to 2.07) for hip fractures and 1.20 (CI, 0.83 to 1.72) for nonspine fractures without statistical heterogeneity (P = 0.82 and 0.52, respectively; I 2 = 0%). Pooled estimates for the 7 cohorts were 1.26 (CI, 0.96 to 1.65) for hip fractures and 1.16 (CI, 0.95 to 1.42) for nonspine fractures. When thyroxine recipients were excluded, the HRs for participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism were 2.16 (CI, 0.87 to 5.37) for hip fractures and 1.43 (CI, 0.73 to 2.78) for nonspine fractures. For participants with subclinical hypothyroidism, HRs from higher-quality studies were 1.12 (CI, 0.83 to 1.51) for hip fractures and 1.04 (CI, 0.76 to 1.42) for nonspine fractures (P for heterogeneity = 0.69 and 0.88, respectively; I 2 = 0%). Limitations: Selective reporting cannot be excluded. Adjustment for potential common confounders varied and was not adequately done across all studies. Conclusion: Subclinical hyperthyroidism might be associated with an increased risk for hip and nonspine fractures, but additional large, high-quality studies are needed. Primary Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation.
Spatial Control of Cell Gene Expression by siRNA Gradients in Biodegradable Hydrogels
Authors: Michael C. Hill, Minh K. Nguyen, Oju Jeon, Eben Alsberg
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The extracellular environment exposes cells to numerous biochemical and physical signals that regulate their behavior. Strategies for generating continuous gradients of signals in biomaterials may allow for spatial control and patterning of cell behavior, and ultimately aid in the engineering of complex tissues. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) can regulate gene expression by silencing specific mRNA molecules post-transcriptionally, which may be valuable when presented in a continuous gradient for regenerative or therapeutic applications. Here, a biodegradable hydrogel system containing a gradient of siRNA is presented, and its capacity to regulate protein expression of encapsulated cells in a spatially continuous manner is demonstrated. Photocross-linkable dextran hydrogels containing a gradient of siRNA have been successfully fabricated using a dual-programmable syringe pump system, and differential gene silencing in incorporated cells that is sustained over time has been shown using green fluorescent protein as a reporter. This platform technology may be applied in tissue engineering to spatially control biologically relevant cellular processes.
Isolation of the galactose-binding lectin that mediates the in vitro adherence of Entamoeba histolytica.
Authors: W A Petri, R D Smith, P H Schlesinger, C F Murphy, J I Ravdin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Entamoeba histolytica adheres to human colonic mucus, colonic epithelial cells, and other target cells via a galactose (Gal) or N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) inhibitable surface lectin. Blockade of this adherence lectin with Gal or GalNAc in vitro prevents amebic killing of target cells. We have identified and purified the adherence lectin by two methods: affinity columns derivatized with galactose monomers or galactose terminal glycoproteins, and affinity columns and immunoblots prepared with monoclonal antibodies that inhibit amebic adherence. By both methods the adherence lectin was identified as a 170-kD secreted and membrane-bound amebic protein. The surface location of the lectin was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. Purified lectin competitively inhibited amebic adherence to target cells by binding to receptors on the target Chinese hamster ovary cells in a Gal-inhibitable manner.
Comparison of Two Methods for Weaning Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Requiring Mechanical Ventilation for More Than 15 Days
Authors: MICHELE VITACCA, ANDREA VIANELLO, DANIELE COLOMBO, ENRICO CLINI, ROBERTO PORTA, LUCA BIANCHI, GIOVANNA ARCARO, GIOVANNI VITALE, ENRICO GUFFANTI, ALBINO LO COCO, NICOLINO AMBROSINO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We designed a prospective multicenter randomized controlled study in three long-term weaning units (LWU) to evaluate which protocol, inspiratory pressure support ventilation (PSV) or spontaneous breathing trials (SB), is more effective in weaning patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 15 d. Fifty-two of 75 patients, failing an initial T-piece trial at admission, were randomly assigned to PSV or SB (26 in both groups). No significant difference was found in weaning success rate (73% versus 77% in the PSV and SB group, respectively), mortality rate (11.5% versus 7.6%), duration of ventilatory assistance (181 +/- 161 versus 130 +/- 106 h), LWU (33 +/- 12 versus 35 +/- 19 d), or total hospital stay. The results of these defined protocols were retrospectively compared with an "uncontrolled clinical practice" in weaning historical control patients. The overall 30-d weaning success rate was significantly greater (87% versus 70%) and the time spent under mechanical ventilation by survived and weaned patients was shorter in the patients in the study than in historical control patients (103 +/- 144 versus 170 +/- 127 h). The LWU and hospital stays were also significantly shorter (27 +/- 12 versus 38 +/- 18 and 38 +/- 17 versus 47 +/- 18 d). Spontaneous breathing trials and decreasing levels of PSV are equally effective in difficult-to-wean patients with COPD. The application of a well-defined protocol, independent of the mode used, may result in better outcomes than uncontrolled clinical practice.
Caring for the Suffering: Meeting the Ebola Crisis Responsibly
Authors: Philip M. Rosoff
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

The current Ebola virus epidemic in Western Africa appears to be spiraling out of control. The worst-case projections suggested that the unchecked spread could result in almost 1.4 million cases by the end of January 2015 with a case fatality rate of at least 50%. The United States and European nations have begun to respond in earnest with promises of supplies, isolation beds, and trained health care personnel in an effort to contain the epidemic and care for the sick. However, there is neither a vaccine nor specific treatment for Ebola infection, and therapy is ideally centered on supportive care. I have previously argued that the provision of palliative care is obligatory during an overwhelming health catastrophe, notably pandemic influenza. Since affected Ebola patients have best outcomes with technologically advanced intensive care--resources in scarce supply in the area--I suggest that the only acceptable approach to large numbers of very sick, dying, and suffering Ebola patients who overwhelm the resources available to successfully manage them is effective palliative care. However, this could hasten death in this vulnerable population and hence, while ethically and medically justifiable, is not without social risk.