tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Bradykinin in Protection of Ischemic Preconditioning in Rabbit Hearts
Authors: Mahiko Goto, Yongge Liu, Xi-Ming Yang, Jeffrey L. Ardell, Michael V. Cohen, James M. Downey
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Bradykinin receptor activation has been proposed to be involved in ischemic preconditioning. In the present study, we further investigated the role of this agent in preconditioning in both isolated and in situ rabbit hearts. All hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia followed by reperfusion for 2 hours (in vitro hearts) and 3 hours (in situ hearts). Infarct size was measured by tetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the size of the risk zone. Preconditioning in situ hearts with 5 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size to 10.2±2.2% of the risk region ( P &lt;.0005 versus control infarct size of 36.7±2.6%). Pretreatment with HOE 140 (26 μg/kg), a bradykinin B 2 receptor blocker, did not alter infarct size in nonpreconditioned hearts (40.6±5.3% infarction) but abolished protection from ischemic preconditioning (34.1±1.6% infarction). However, when HOE 140 was administered during the initial reflow period following 5 minutes of ischemia, protection was no longer abolished (15.6±3.9% infarction versus 13.3±3.8% without HOE 140, P =NS). Bradykinin infusion in isolated hearts mimicked preconditioning, and protection was not affected by pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N ω -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester or the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin but could be completely abolished by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors polymyxin B and staurosporine as well as by HOE 140. HOE 140 could not block the protection of ischemic preconditioning in isolated hearts. That failure was apparently due to the absence of blood-borne kininogens rather than autonomic nerves. When the preconditioning stimulus in the in situ model was amplified with four cycles of 5-minute ischemia/10-minute reperfusion, HOE 140 pretreatment could no longer block protection (infarct size was 10.7±3.5% versus 6.4±2.0% without HOE 140, P =NS). We propose that bradykinin receptors protect by coupling to PKC as do adenosine receptors, and blockade of either receptor will diminish the total stimulus of PKC below threshold and prevent protection. A more intense preconditioning ischemic stimulus can overcome bradykinin receptor blockade, however, by simply enhancing the amount of adenosine and possibly other agonists released.
AML1/ETO cooperates with HIF1α to promote leukemogenesis through DNMT3a transactivation
Authors: X N Gao, F Yan, J Lin, L Gao, X L Lu, S C Wei, N Shen, J X Pang, Q Y Ning, Y Komeno, A L Deng, Y H Xu, J L Shi, Y H Li, D E Zhang, C Nervi, S J Liu, L Yu
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Fluids and Electrolytes
Authors: William A. Briggs
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is a multiauthored text covering clinical fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base problems, subjects addressed by several other recently published books. The format of the text, however, breaks enough from traditional approaches to make some unique contributions. Particularly useful to practitioners, as well as house officers and other trainees, is the presentation of material from a balanced orientation. Problems are discussed as specific fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base disorders in the first section of the book; then, they are discussed within the context of the specific clinical situations where fluid and electrolyte abnormalities are frequently encountered. The chapters on potassium and phosphate disorders and those on alcohol-induced and starvation-associated disturbances are noteworthy. The initial chapter on clinical interpretation of laboratory values and the appendix overview of renal physiology will assist readers over-whelmed by the complexity of the material in between. The majority of chapters have extensive reference sections for readers seeking original
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Associated with Inhaled or Intranasal Corticosteroids
Authors: Robert Haimovici, Evangelos S. Gragoudas, Jay S. Duker, Raymond N. Sjaarda, Dean Eliott
Journal: Ophthalmology (1997)

Objective:The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between inhaled or intranasal adrenergic agonists and corticosteroids and the development of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Design: The medical records of three patients with CSC who were found to use inhaled adrenergic agents or corticosteroids or both were identified prospectively.A survey of members of the Retina, Macula, and Vitreous societies and the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects identified three additional cases.Results: Six patients with CSC were found to be chronic users of corticosteroid (four patients) or both beta adrenergic agonist and corticosteroid (two patients) metered dose inhalers or nasal sprays.In three cases, there was a close temporal correlation between the use of a corticosteroid nasal spray and the development of esc.Conclusions: These findings suggest that, in patients who are susceptible, the periocular or systemic absorption of inhaled corticosteroids may be sufficient to produce esc in humans, supporting previous hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of the disorder.Further studies are needed to confirm this association and to determine whether inhaled adrenergic agents also contribute to the development of this disorder.Patients in whom esc develops while using corticosteroid inhalers or nasal sprays should be alerted to the possible relationship between esc and these agents.
Mice lacking MAP kinase phosphatase-1 have enhanced MAP kinase activity and resistance to diet-induced obesity
Authors: J. Julie Wu, Rachel J. Roth, Ethan J. Anderson, Eun-Gyoung Hong, Mi-Kyung Lee, Cheol Soo Choi, P. Darrell Neufer, Gerald I. Shulman, Jason K. Kim, Anton M. Bennett
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Community Participation in Neighborhood Health Centers
Authors: Eva J. Salber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract Community involvement in decision making is relatively new in the health field but is being attempted in some neighborhood health centers. Participation may be handled in one of three ways. There may be token community involvement, complete community control or a partnership between consumers and providers of care. The providers are usually the teaching hospitals of a medical school that, though sponsoring the neighborhood medical facility, have little previous knowledge of or involvement with the community to be served. To be successful, a partnership model requires joint planning before a center is started and a continuous, deliberate process of communication and education of all parties concerned. Institutions should take the lead in setting up such partnerships with consumers since they have the resources and managerial talents that neighborhood groups lack.
725 THE CHANGE OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS PATIENTS WITH NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE: A FIVE YEAR PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: S.K. Park, Y.K. Cho, Y.H. Baek, J.H. Park, H.J. Kim, D.I. Park, C.I. Sohn, W.K. Jeon, B.I. Kim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Genetic Gymnastics of Our Indigenous Microbes
Authors: Martin J Blaser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Bacteria indigenous to the human body are numerous and varied and dwell in multiple niches in skin and on mucosal surfaces; many niches are persistently colonized by one or more species, often for the host's life span. Such persistence implies an equilibrium in which the biologic cost of the colonization to the host is low.1 The colonizing organisms occupy all available niches, compete for nutrients and favored locations, and participate in communal activities, such as waste management and genetic exchange.Colonization of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori is an exception to these generalities because it can last for decades in . . .
Repeated Exposure to Ozone Increases Alveolar Macrophage Recruitment into Asthmatic Airways
Authors: Mehrdad Arjomandi, Allyson Witten, Emilio Abbritti, Kurt Reintjes, Isabelle Schmidlin, Wenwu Zhai, Colin Solomon, John Balmes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Repeated, short-term exposures to ozone (O3) lead to attenuation of the acute lung function and airway inflammatory responses seen after a single exposure in healthy subjects, but it is unclear whether these acute responses also attenuate in subjects with asthma.To address this question by exposing 14 subjects with asthma to 0.2 ppm O3 for either 4 hours on a single day or 4 hours on 4 consecutive days (multiday [MD]). At least 3 weeks later, subjects underwent the alternate exposure.Spirometry was performed immediately pre- and postexposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained 18 hours after each exposure.The decrease in FEV1 was greatest across Day 2 of the MD (MD2) exposure and then gradually declined on successive days of the MD exposure (mean +/- SD decrease in FEV1 of 25.4 +/- 18.0% across MD2 compared with 4.2 +/- 6.5% across MD4). Respiratory symptoms followed a similar pattern to that of FEV1. Although the concentration of neutrophils in BAL after the MD4 exposure was not significantly different from that after the single-day exposure (1.7 +/- 1.3 x 10(4) cells/ml vs. 1.2 +/- 0.8 x 10(4) cells/ml, p = 0.20), the concentration of alveolar macrophages did significantly increase in BAL after the MD exposure (19.9 +/- 9.7 x 10(4) cells/ml after MD4 vs. 12.1 +/- 6.4 x 10(4) cells/ml after the single day).Alveolar macrophages are recruited to the airways of subjects with asthma with repeated short-term exposures to O3, suggesting a possible role for these cells in the chronic response to oxidant-induced injury.
Fat embolism. A complication of fractures of the femur and tibia
Authors: O. E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Stuart Cope: The patient is a 25-year-old man who was in an automobile accident in July 1967. He was brought in to a local hospital and examined. His injuries consisted of closed fractures of the right femur in its distal third (Fig 1, left), and closed fractures of the right tibia and fibula (Fig 1, right). His general condition was good. He had no head or trunk injuries. The results of his neurological examination were normal, and the circulation in his right lower extremity was intact. He was admitted to the hospital, and his right lower extremity was placed in balanced suspension, with a short leg cast incorporating a Kirschner wire in the proximal tibia. Twelve hours after admission he became comatose and dyspneic. During physical examination, petechial hemorrhages were noted on his chest. There was an abrupt fall in his hematocrit value and an abnormal x-ray film of
Radioguided Surgery in Brain Tumors With Thallium-201
Authors: Justo Serrano, Juan I. Rayo, Jose R. Infante, Luz Domínguez, Lucía García-Bernardo, Carmen Durán, Ignacio Fernández Portales, José M. Cabezudo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Malignant astrocytomas show thallium uptake with a high target-to-background ratio, allowing the use of radioguided surgery.We report on 6 patients (3 men) diagnosed with malignant astrocytoma. All patients signed informed consent documents. Previous thallium-201 SPECT was performed, showing uptake in tumors. In the operating room we injected 37 MBq (1 mCi) of thallium-201 at the same time the craniotomy was performed. With the gamma probe we confirmed the tumor uptake, and a biopsy sample was taken. After conventional tumor resection, we scanned the surgical bed with the gamma probe. All areas of abnormal uptake were evaluated by the surgeon and, if possible, removed.In all patients the biopsy confirmed a high-grade astrocytoma. In all cases we found residual uptake in the surgical bed that was confirmed as residual tumor by pathologic examination. In 3 cases it was not possible to remove all the sites of pathologic uptake because critical areas were involved. In the other 3 patients, only background activity was found after the procedure.Radioguided surgery in brain tumors with thallium-201 is a complex technique and expertise in radioguided surgery and neuroimaging is needed, but we think that it is promising.
Potential Penalties for Health Care Professionals Who Refuse to Work During a Pandemic
Authors: Carl H. Coleman, Andreas Reis
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prospective Evaluation of Pre and Postoperative Lymphoscintigraphy in Axillary Reverse Mapping (ARM) for Breast Cancer Patients.
Authors: P. Cusumano, P. Gomez, J. Dwelshauvers, H. Lilet, C. Nos
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundThe sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedure, has been used successfully to detect lymphatic involvement. The expected reduction in morbidity and improvement in the quality of life of patients remains uncertain. In spite of this minimal invasive technique, 40 to 50 % of axilla are explored by classic axillary dissection. The aim of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is to preserve the main lymphatic chain in relation to lymphatic arm drainage during an axillary dissection, reducing the rate of lymphedema.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to describe a prospective comparison of pre and post axillary dissection (AD) lymphoscintigraphy, in 15 consecutive breast cancer patients.MethodsIsotope InjectionThe morning of surgery, all patients underwent isotope injection in the ipsilateral hand. Each patients received a single injection of 60 MBq (vol 0.2 ml) into the first interdigital space. The preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed 45 min after injection, in surgical position. An average of 2 nodes were visible in the axilla. The postoperative lymphoscintigraphy was planned before starting adjuvant treatment.Surgical TechniqueAfter having performed the lumpectomy or the mastectomy, the surgeon began the AD. The first important step was the identification of the second intercostals brachial nerve. While reserving the nerve, the dissection was carried out from medial to lateral, below the nerve. The gamma probe was then used in order to identify the first radioactive node draining the upper limb. This node was localized in the lateral pillar of the axilla. The ARM nodes were carefully preserved during the dissection with retractors placed over them to protect from inadvertent damage. After completion of AD, the axillary content was examined ex-vivo to identify at least ten nodes within the surgical specimen.ResultsThe mean age is 62.4 years (range 40-81). For all 15 patients, the mean number of axillary nodes removed by means of AD was 10.7 (range 7–14). Of all patients, 3 (87%) had metastatic involvement in the AD with an average of 1.3 (range 1– 2) nodes involved.A lymphoscintigraphic mapping concordance between pre and post, was found in 13 out 15 patients (87%).ConclusionsIsotopic ARM allows identification of radioactive nodes in the axilla in 91% of cases.The very good correlation between pre and postoperative mapping suggests a persistence of the normal LAD, and lets hope for a risk reduction of lymphodema after AD.A longterm follow up is needed to confirm these very promising preliminary results. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1025.
IIV3 reduced flu in HIV− pregnant women and infants, and in HIV+ pregnant women but not their infants
Authors: Luz M. Fernandez, Renee V. Girdler, R. Brent Wright, Diane M. Harper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Madhi SA, Cutland CL, Kuwanda L, et al; Maternal Flu Trial (Matflu) Team. Influenza vaccination of pregnant women and protection of their infants. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:918-31. 25184864
ELEVATED BASELINE MYOGLOBIN FOR PREDICTION OF OCCLUDED INFARCT RELATED VESSEL IN NON-STEMI PATIENTS
Authors: Vincent Roolvink, Saman Rasoul, Jan Paul Ottervanger, Jan-Henk Dambrink, Marcel Gosselink, Jan Hoorntje, Rik Hermanides, Harry Suryapranata, Arnoud Hof, Isala klinieken
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF KIDNEY EXTRACTS AND OF THE SERUM OF ANIMALS WITH RENAL LESIONS UPON THE BLOOD PRESSURE
Authors: Richard M. Pearce
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. Extracts of the rabbit's kidney injected into the rabbit cause a slight, increase in blood pressure which is barely more than that due to the mechanical effect of the injection. 2. Extracts of the dog's kidney injected into the dog cause a decided fall in pressure; an equal fall may be caused by the dog's urine. A series of control experiments indicates that the fall caused by the kidney extract may be due to the urinary salts which it contains. 3. Extracts of cat's kidney cause a rise in pressure. As the cat's urine causes a fall, this rise in pressure indicates the possibility of a kidney extract containing a pressor substance which cannot be influenced by the depressor substance of the urine. 4. Rabbit's kidney, which in the rabbit produces a slight rise, when injected into the dog causes a drop comparable to that caused by the dog's kidney itself. Similarly, the dog's kidney, which injected into the dog causes a drop, produces in the rabbit a rise analogous to that produced by rabbit's kidney. It is evident therefore that these pressor and depressor substances of the kidneys in question do not have a constant effect on all animals as do the extracts of the adrenal gland. 5. Extracts of kidneys which are the seat of various forms of nephritis cause the same effect as extracts of normal kidneys. 6. The serum of dogs with considerable reduction of kidney substance causes a slight fall in pressure; the serum of dogs with spontaneous nephritis gives divergent results, as does also the serum of rabbits with various forms of acute nephritis. The serum of dogs with chromate nephritis causes a slight rise, while that of dogs with uranium nephritis produces a sharp and decided fall in pressure. Although there is no uniformity in these results, their general character, and especially the experience with uranium and chromate sera of the dog, suggests that pressure-disturbing substances are present in the serum as the result of the kidney lesion. The very slight evidence of the constant presence of a pressor substance, however, offers little support to the theory that such a substance is furnished by the diseased kidney or is due to disturbances of metabolism caused by disease of the kidney.
Role of vascular alpha-2 adrenoceptors in regulating lipid mobilization from human adipose tissue.
Authors: J Galitzky, M Lafontan, J Nordenström, P Arner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The role of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in lipid mobilization and blood flow was investigated in situ using microdialysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue in nonobese healthy subjects. The alpha-2 agonist clonidine caused dose-dependent biphasic response with increased glycerol levels at low clonidine concentrations and decreased glycerol levels at concentrations > 10(-7) mol/liter. Similar results were observed with epinephrine plus propranolol. Clonidine action was unaffected in the presence of labetalol (beta-/alpha-1 antagonist) but completely blunted by the presence of yohimbine (alpha-2 antagonist). The pseudolipolytic effect of clonidine was significantly more pronounced in gluteal as compared with abdominal adipose tissue. When clonidine was added together with the vasodilating agents nitroprusside or hydralazine, the pseudolipolytic effect was abolished and a dose-dependent decrease in dialysate glycerol was observed at all clonidine concentrations (10(-10)-10(-4) mol/liter). When ethanol was added to the perfusate to monitor blood flow, the escape of alcohol from the dialysate was accelerated by 30% with hydralazine or nitroprusside (P < 0.01) and 30% retarded (P < 0.05) by clonidine (10(-10) mol/liter). Thus, the results demonstrate an important role of blood flow for regulating lipid mobilization from adipose tissue in vivo. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor activation causes marked retention of lipids in adipose tissue due to vasoconstriction in combination with antilipoiysis.
THE INFLUENCE OF ALCOHOL AND CHLOROFORM ON PHAGOCYTOSIS IN VITRO.
Authors: GEORGE RUBIN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In a previous communication<sup>1</sup>I have shown how the natural defenses of the animals employed in the experiments were lowered or suspended when subjected to thorough narcotization. In the several series of experiments it was noted that the narcotized animals reacted, poorly to various infections artificially produced. It was also shown that the recovery or death of the rabbits depended apparently on the condition of the leucocytes. Narcotized rabbits when infected showed a hypoleucocytosis of various degrees, whereas the controls usually showed a pronounced leucocytosis which was followed by complete recovery or at least survival of their narcotized fellows by a considerable space of time. These phenomena suggested the possibility that the narcotics had a deterimental influence on the phagocytic function of the leucocytes. It was also shown that there is a more active intraperitoneal phagocytosis of carmine granules in normal than in narcotized animals. It was now thought
The Monument to Dr. Ollier.
Authors: W. W. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Philadelphia, June 3, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some time since you kindly published an appeal of a committee soliciting subscriptions for a monument to the late Professor Oilier in Lyons. As treasurer of the committee, I beg to inform the profession that I have received the sum of $649 from 103 subscribers. I have forwarded the same, less $4.60 for postage, printing, etc., to Dr. G. Mondan, 27 rue Jarente, Lyons, France. Yours very truly,
Aging Processes in the Arterial and Venous Systems of the Lower Extremities
Authors: MORTON D. PAREIRA, FRED P. HANDLER, HERMAN T. BLUMENTHAL
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Wear and tear degenerative patterns of the arterial system of the lower extremities have been studied in an age series. The intensity of these alterations has been correlated with the distribution of the atheromatous plaques and thrombosis as well as with the effective tension at various levels as calculated by Burton's formula. Evidence is presented for the concept that the lipids in atheromatous plaques arise as a product of these degenerative reactions within the vessel wall, rather than by diffusion from the circulation through the endothelial barrier.