tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A role for heterologous gap junctions between melanoma and endothelial cells in metastasis
Authors: Akihiko Ito, Fumitaka Katoh, Tatsuki R. Kataoka, Morihito Okada, Noriaki Tsubota, Hideo Asada, Kunihiko Yoshikawa, Sakan Maeda, Yukihiko Kitamura, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Hiroshi Nojima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

F10 and BL6 sublines of B16 mouse melanoma cells are metastatic after intravenous injection, but only BL6 cells are metastatic after subcutaneous injection. We found that connexin (Cx) 26 is upregulated in BL6 cells. To examine gap junction formation, we devised a coculture system, in which an opened vein segment was placed at the bottom of a culture dish and then dye-labeled melanoma cells were seeded onto it. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the vein segment preserved the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. In this system, BL6 cells could transfer dye into endothelial cells but F10 cells could not. Transfection with wild-type Cx26 rendered F10 cells competent for coupling with endothelial cells and as spontaneously metastatic as BL6 cells. Conversely, transfection with a dominant-negative form of Cx26 rendered BL6 cells deficient in coupling and less metastatic. In human melanoma lesions, the level of Cx26 expression was low in melanoma cells residing in the basal layer, but significantly upregulated in melanoma cells invading the dermis. The results suggested that Cx26 plays a role in intravasation and extravasation of tumor cells through heterologous gap junction formation with endothelial cells.
Polycystic liver disease: Quantitation of parenchymal and cyst volumes from computed tomography images and clinical correlates of hepatic cysts
Authors: Gregory T. Everson, Ann Scherzinger, Nancy Berger-Leff, Juerg Reichen, Dennis Lezotte, Michael Manco-Johnson, Patricia Gabow
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Polycystic liver disease is a common manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. However, factors that regulate hepatic cystogenesis have not been defined, and the effect of cyst formation on hepatic parenchymal mass has not been studied. We validated computed tomographic methods for measuring volumes from computed tomographic images using plastic-agar models and demonstrated that measured volumes were within 10% of actual volumes. The validated methods were used to measure hepatic parenchymal, hepatic cyst and kidney volumes in 25 subjects with polycystic liver disease and nine controls without autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hepatic cyst volume varied considerably in the 25 subjects with polycystic liver disease (20 to 7,148 ml), but hepatic parenchymal volume was not altered by hepatic cysts and was similar to that of controls (polycystic liver disease vs. controls: 1,357 ± 185 vs. 1,319 + 340 ml). Total liver volume increased linearly as cyst volume increased (slope = 1.02 ± 0.05, r = 0.994). Nine of 18 women with polycystic liver disease had massive hepatic cysts (cyst:paren-chymal volume &gt;1; range of cyst volumes from 1,354 to 7,148 ml), and the other nine had cyst volumes (20 to 399 ml) similar to men with polycystic liver disease (25 to 1,107 ml). Total kidney volume, a measure of renal cystic disease, did not correlate with either total liver volume or the volume of hepatic cysts. The data indicate that hepatic parenchymal volume is preserved in polycystic liver disease despite massive cystic involvement and that women are uniquely susceptible to massive hepatic cystic disease.
IMPACT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON PLAQUE VULNERABILITY AND CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH PLAQUE RUPTURE
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Myung Ho Jeong, Dong Han Kim, Ki Hong Lee, Min Goo Lee, Keun Ho Park, Doo Sun Sim, Sang Hyun Lee, Han Gyun Kim, Nam Sik Yoon, Hyun Ju Yoon, Kye Hun Kim, Hyung Wook Park, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
IMPACT OF DUAL MUTATIONS OF SARCOMERE GENE ON CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MYOSIN-BINDING PROTEIN C GENE MUTATION: EVIDENCE FROM SERIAL ANALYSIS OF 50 GENOTYPED PATIENTS
Authors: Akihiko Muramoto, Noboru Fujino, Kenshi Hayashi, Katsuharu Uchiyama, Eiichi Masuta, Akira Funada, Yuichiro Sakamoto, Junichiro Yokawa, Hidekazu Ino, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Complementary Relationship Between the Emotional State and the Function of the Ileum in a Human Subject
Authors: HENRY HARRISON SADLER, ALINE UNDERHILL ORTEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Correlation of the emotional state with the motor and biochemical activity of an isolated segment of ileum in a human subject was observed. Motor activity was increased with arousal and decreased in slates of withdrawal. Both the emotional slate and the motor activity of the ileum were related to the total adaptation of the organism. As judged by the rates of absorption of 18 individual amino acids, there is confirmation of Engel's finding that in depression-withdrawal physiological alterations occur at the cellular level, even in this isolated segment of small intestine.
Leukaemia and cancer chemotherapy.
Authors: C J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1990)

come from hard work by people in the British Toxicology Society and in industrial laboratories to validate the fixed dose procedure, from the support of official bodies, and from some encouragement (and some disparagement) by animal welfare groups.The important general conclusion seems to be that changes in animal experimentation are most likely to be achieved on the basis of clear evidence of utility and when alI concerned understand the purposes and limitations of the alternative procedure.
Bench and Bedside — The G Protein–Coupled Receptor GPR54 and Puberty
Authors: David R. Beier, Robert G. Dluhy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The ontogeny of human gonadotropin secretion is remarkable for surges in pulsatile secretion during the neonatal period and in early childhood, followed by a period of quiescence (the so-called juvenile pause), which reflects the inhibition of the generation of neurosecretory pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus. Negative feedback by means of gonadal steroids is one inhibitory mechanism, since agonadal infants have heightened gonadotropin secretion as compared with children who have intact gonads. On the other hand, gonadotropin secretion in agonadal children is suppressed during the juvenile pause, which suggests the presence of an intrinsic, hormone-independent inhibitory mechanism in the . . .
Immune interferon induces the receptor for monomeric IgG1 on human monocytic and myeloid cells.
Authors: B Perussia, E T Dayton, R Lazarus, V Fanning, G Trinchieri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

We report here that FcR for human monomeric IgG1 can be induced on cells of myeloid origin cultured in the presence of IFN gamma for 8 h. Supernatant fluids from cultures of lymphocytes infected with a variety of viruses or cocultured with cell lines have the same FcR enhancing effect as IFN gamma. We identify the factor in the supernatant fluid responsible for the induction as immune interferon. Among the different types of IFN, only the gamma type (both purified and recombinant) specifically induces the appearance of FcR for monomeric IgG1 on normal and leukemic myeloid cells but not on cells of lymphoid origin. This effect is also evident on mature PMN. We show that the specificity and the affinity of the receptor induced on HL-60 promyelocytic cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and PMN are identical to those of the receptor spontaneously present on the same cells, except for PMN, which do not spontaneously express this type of receptor. The results of inhibition experiments performed with mouse IgG of and IgG3. These results suggest that the receptor present on human monocytes different isotypes indicate that the receptor can be inhibited by murine IgG2a or immature myeloid cells, selectively inducible by IFN gamma, has a specificity similar to the FcR1 described on mouse macrophages.
Laser therapy of childhood haemangiomas
Authors: M. LANDTHALER, U. HOHENLEUTNER, T. ABD EL-RAHEEM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

A total of 37 haemangiomas were treated in 28 patients by means of the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (FPDL). Twenty-nine haemangiomas were classified as superficial, and eight as mixed type. With FPDL treatment, excellent or good results were obtained in nearly 60% of superficial haemangiomas and 40% of mixed haemangiomas. In three of four patients with mixed type haemangiomas good results were obtained by means of Nd: YAG laser irradiation. In two patients, small superficial haemangiomas were removed by argon laser coagulation or CO2 laser vaporization, respectively. These results indicate that many children benefit from laser therapy of haemangiomas. Side-effects were rare. The FPDL is the treatment modality of choice for superficial haemangiomas. and the Nd: YAG laser for thicker lesions. Based on our results and the results reported in the literature, early laser therapy of childhood haemangiomas can be recommended.
Intensive education for lifestyle change in diabetes
Authors: C. Fox
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ongoing input is required to effect and maintain change in behaviour 

In the past 10 years the diabetes control and complications trial and the UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) have shown that tight control of diabetes reduces the risk of complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.1 2 As a result of these studies we have set our patients demanding targets, which often require important changes in their lifestyle. But we have failed to provide the education and self management training needed to help them meet these targets. In this context, intensive modifications to lifestyle means structured education designed to facilitate change in behaviour. Such education programmes are used in type 1 and type 2 diabetes and in prevention of diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance.

Traditional education for diabetes treats the patient as a receptacle for knowledge or a pot to be filled with information by doctors, nurses, and dieticians. To achieve change in behaviour education must encourage self motivation and self determination,3 and a professional who simply tells …
Remote preconditioning by infrarenal aortic occlusion is operative via δ1-opioid receptors and free radicals in vivo in the rat heart
Authors: C Weinbrenner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Ischemic preconditioning (PC) is a powerful mechanism in reducing infarct size of the heart. Protection can be performed either by an ischemic stimulus of the heart itself or by ischemia of an organ distant to the heart (remote PC). We have previously shown that remote PC by infrarenal occlusion of the aorta [IOA] in the rat is as powerful as classical ischemic PC. This protection may be transmitted by humoral factors, and protein kinase C is a mediator in the signal transduction mechanism. Focus of the present study was to address the question whether remote preconditioning is dependent on the activation of the delta1-opioid receptor and/or free radicals, the infarct size was determined after either inhibition of the delta1-opioid receptor or scavenging free radicals.IOA was performed in rats by occlusion of the infrarenal aorta for 15 min followed by a 10-min reperfusion period. Infarction of the heart was induced by 30 min regional ischemia followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The area of infarct was determined by propidium iodide and the risk zone was demarcated by zinc cadmium sulfide fluorescent particles. Control hearts (30 min regional ischemia of the heart followed by 30 min of reperfusion; no IOA) had an infarct size of 54 +/- 3%, whereas classical preconditioning by three ischemia/reperfusion [I/R] cycles, 5 min each, reduced it to 12 +/- 1% of the risk zone (p<0.05). Fifteen minutes IOA with 10 min of reperfusion was highly protective and reduced the infarct size to 20 +/- 5% (p<0.05 vs. control). Inhibition of the delta1-opioid receptors by 7-benzylidenenaltrexone [BNTX] blocked the protection obtained by PC and IOA (41 +/- 4% and 44 +/- 2%, respectively; p<0.05 vs. the group without BNTX). BNTX in control hearts had no influence on infarct size (52 +/- 2%). Inhibition of endogenously released radicals by N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine [MPG] blocked the infarct size reduction of IOA (46 +/- 3%; p<0.05 vs. IOA), but had no influence on the protection in classically preconditioned hearts protected by three cycles I/R (13 +/- 4%). Only if the number of the preconditioning stimuli was reduced to one was MPG able to overcome the protection (43 +/- 4%, p<0.05 vs. PC with one I/R cycle (21 +/- 4%)).Remote preconditioning using IOA protects the rat heart from infarction. Classical and remote PC share both the delta1-opioid-receptor and free radicals as common elements in their signal transduction pathways. MPG can block protection from IOA and from one, but not from three, classical preconditioning cycles. This indicates that the protection by remote preconditioning is comparable to classical PC with one I/R cycle.
Fas ligand–induced caspase-1–dependent accumulation of interleukin-18 in mice with acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Hisayuki Itoi, Yoshihiro Fujimori, Hiroko Tsutsui, Kiyoshi Matsui, Shizue Futatsugi, Haruki Okamura, Hiroshi Hara, Toshikazu Hada, Eizo Kakishita, Kenji Nakanishi
Journal: Blood (2001)
White Light–Emitting Diodes (LEDs) at Domestic Lighting Levels and Retinal Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Yu-Man Shang, Gen-Shuh Wang, David Sliney, Chang-Hao Yang, Li-Ling Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) deliver higher levels of blue light to the retina than do conventional domestic light sources. Chronic exposure to high-intensity light (2,000–10,000 lux) has previously been found to result in light-induced retinal injury, but chronic exposure to relatively low-intensity (750 lux) light has not been previously assessed with LEDs in a rodent model.Objective: We examined LED-induced retinal neuronal cell damage in the Sprague-Dawley rat using functional, histological, and biochemical measurements.Methods: We used blue LEDs (460 nm) and full-spectrum white LEDs, coupled with matching compact fluorescent lights, for exposures. Pathological examinations included electroretinogram, hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also measured free radical production in the retina to determine the oxidative stress level.Results: H&amp;E staining and TEM revealed apoptosis and necrosis of photoreceptors, which indicated blue-light induced photochemical injury of the retina. Free radical production in the retina was increased in LED-exposed groups. IHC staining demonstrated that oxidative stress was associated with retinal injury. Although we found serious retinal light injury in LED groups, the compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) groups showed moderate to mild injury.Conclusion: Our results raise questions about adverse effects on the retina from chronic exposure to LED light compared with other light sources that have less blue light. Thus, we suggest a precautionary approach with regard to the use of blue-rich “white” LEDs for general lighting.Citation: Shang YM, Wang GS, Sliney D, Yang CH, Lee LL. 2014. White light–emitting diodes (LEDs) at domestic lighting levels and retinal injury in a rat model. Environ Health Perspect 122:269–276; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307294
Wireless-Capsule Diagnostic Endoscopy for Recurrent Small-Bowel Bleeding
Authors: Mark Appleyard, Arkady Glukhovsky, Paul Swain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

The New Eng land Jour nal of Medicine pertrophy, and an aortic-valve area of less than 0.6 cm 2 or an aortic-valve index no higher than 0.6 cm 2 per square meter of body-surface area). 2 However, none of these echocardiographic findings have demonstrated the predictive power that Rosenhek et al. report for the degree of valvular calcification and the increase in aortic-jet velocity.Their results add to the existing evidence that an absence of symptoms is an insufficient reason to delay aortic-valve replacement in certain cases.The findings also shed light on the matter of which patients should be considered for early surgery.
Altered GLUT1 and GLUT3 gene expression and subcellular redistribution of GLUT4: Protein in muscle from patients with acanthosis nigricans and severe insulin resistance
Authors: Charles A. Stuart, Gary Wen, Mary E. Williamson, Jie Jiang, Charles R. Gilkison, Steven J. Blackwell, Manubai Nagamani, Arny A. Ferrando
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Malnutrition reaches alarming level in Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has found “alarming nutritional needs” in war torn Darfur, western Sudan.

“MSF is extremely concerned about the food security of the population of Darfur and fears that continued violence and insecurity, coupled with an insufficient international response, means that the situation can only deteriorate,” warned the organisation.

During a two day vaccination drive among 4900 children in the town of Garsila, western Darfur, MSF staff identified 111 severely malnourished children and 387 moderately malnourished children.

In February, MSF reported “catastrophic mortality rates” and “newly displaced people living in extremely precarious conditions.” In early March it reported a …
Comment on Mackenzie and Woodhouse: C-reactive protein concentrations during bacteraemia: a comparison between patients with and without liver dysfunction
Authors: Joep M. Droogh, Ingeborg M. Noppers, Jaap E. Tulleken, John H. Meertens, Jack J. Ligtenberg, Wilma E. Monteban-Kooistra, Jan G. Zijlstra
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)

Sir: With interest we read Mackenzie and Woodhouse's paper about serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with and without liver dysfunction during bacteraemia [1]. The authors concluded that patients with biochemical evidence of liver disease show significantly lower serum CRP levels during bacteraemia than patients without liver dysfunction. This remarkable result was only achieved when patients with biopsy-proven liver cirrhosis were included in the analysis. When cirrhotic patients were excluded, however, and patients with liver dysfunction, defined as an elevated plasma bilirubin level and increased prothrombin time, were compared with controls, between-group differences did not reach statistical significance. Therefore, we feel that from the available data it cannot be concluded that patients with liver diseases, in general, generate lower serum CRP levels during bacteraemia.

As multiple studies have shown greater CRP production in cirrhotic non-infected patients than in healthy controls [2, 3], it could be argued that cirrhotic patients produce less CRP during periods of infection. However, a recent large study in critically ill subjects reported that CRP levels during infection in cirrhotic patients did not significantly differ from CRP levels in non-cirrhotic patients [4]. Also, no differences were found in relation to the severity of the cirrhosis. Because interleukin-6 stimulates hepatocytes to produce CRP, an interesting study to aid the understanding of these apparently conflicting results would be to relate the interleukin-6 to CRP levels in cirrhotic patients. However, as far as we know, this has not been done.

Finally, we believe that the use of CRP as a valuable screening test for infection in the ICU has certain limitations. The decision on starting antibiotics must be individualized and not be based on a certain CRP level. It should be based on suspicion of the presence of infection, the stability of the patient's clinical condition, the presence of comorbidity and the risk of death or complications.
Marked Elevation of Prostate-Specific Antigen after Prolonged Prostatic Trauma
Authors: Fred E. Husserl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 November 1993Marked Elevation of Prostate-Specific Antigen after Prolonged Prostatic TraumaFred E. Husserl, MDFred E. Husserl, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein produced by prostatic epithelial cells with low individual and no circadian variability, is increased in benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic carcinoma [1]. Elevations greater than 10.0 ng/dL have been correlated with the presence of prostate cancer (specificity approaching 92%) [2]. I describe the occurrence of a marked, although transient, increase in the PSA level in association with moderately severe, continuous prostatic trauma.A 66-year-old man with diabetes and essential hypertension was treated with nifedipine, glyburide, and aspirin. In July 1992, physical examination showed a slightly enlarged prostate gland (40 g) without nodules. ...References1. Price A, Attwood SE, Grant JB, Gray TA, Moore KT. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase concentrations in serum before and 1-42 days after transurethral resection of the prostate and orchidectomy. Clin Chem. 1991; 37:859-63. Google Scholar2. Cooner WH, Mosley BR, Rutherford CL Jr, Beard JH, Pond HS, Terry WJ, et al. Prostate cancer detection in a clinical urological practice by ultrasonography, digital rectal examination and prostate specific antigen. J Urol. 1990; 143:1146-52; discussion, 1152-4. Google Scholar3. Yuan JJ, Coplen DE, Petros JA, Figenshau RS, Ratliff TL, Smith DS, et al. Effects of rectal examination, prostatic massage, ultrasonography and needle biopsy on serum prostate specific antigen levels. J Urol. 1992; 147:810-4. Google Scholar4. Brawer MK, Schifman RB, Ahmann FR, Ahmann ME, Coulis KM. The effect of digital rectal examination on serum levels of prostatic-specific antigen. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988; 112:1110-2. Google Scholar5. el-Shirbiny AM, Nilson T, Pawar HN. Serum prostate-specific antigen: hourly change/24 hours compared with prostatic acid phosphatase. Urology. 1990; 35:88-92. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBeeinflussung der PSA-Konzentration im Serum durch körperliche Belastung (insbesondere Fahrradfahren) 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 956KeywordsAntigensBiopsyEpithelial cellsGlycoproteinsHypertensionProstate cancerProstate glandSpecificityTrauma surgeryUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 November 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...