tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood flow of the achilles tendon during military training
Authors: N Mahieu, D Van Tiggelen, M De Muynck, M Dumalin, E Witvrouw
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background The link between the hypervascularisation and the pain symptoms in a tendinopathy is still obscure. It can be hypothesised that it is important to take the stage of the tendinopathy into account. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the vascular response of the achilles tendon during a basic military training program of 6 weeks. Design A prospective study. Setting Officer cadets followed the same 6-week basic military training. This training mainly consists of running, roadwork, military tactical exercises, drills, shooting, marching with backpacks and some theoretical classes. Patients 49 male military recruits (98 tendons) volunteered for this study. The mean age was 18.3 years. None of the persons had a history of achilles tendon problems. Interventions Before and during the military training program, clinical symptoms, structural tendon changes and hypervascularisation were weekly screened. Main outcome measurements The achilles tendons were screened by gray – scale ultrasonography and power Doppler US. Reactive tendinopathies were registered by means of a clinical examination, VAS – scores and VISA – A scores. Results 13 of the 98 tendons developed a reactive tendinopathy. Three of these 13 symptomatic tendons showed intratendinous Doppler activity. In these tendons, pain was always present before the vascular response of the tendon. Both pain and hypervascularisation remained visible during till the end of the training program. In five asymptomatic tendons with no structural changes in the tendon, a vascular response was seen during one measurement. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first prospective study that looked at the development of hypervascularisation in a specified subpopulation, that is, reactive tendinopathy. The results of this study show that there is no link between the vascular response of the tendon and the pain sensation of the patient in this early stage of tendinopathy. Other pain mechanism should be investigated.
SKIN GRAFTING UPON THE CRANIUM.Presented before the Chicago Medical Society.
Authors: FREDERICK C. SCHAEFER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The patient I present this evening has been cured for five years. I exhibited her before the American Medical Association in the spring of 1887, when the new scalp covered about three-fourths of the skull. In September, 1887, the case was reported in the International Medical Congress in Washington. At this time there remained an open spot upon the head corresponding to the dimensions of a silver half dollar; a month later this was also covered. The scalp is complete and has been in this condition ever since November, 1887. It may now be appropriately entered upon record as a cure. Since the subject of. skin grafting was first introduced by M. M. Reverdin and Frank Hamilton, innumerable and varied trials have been made to close wounds by this procedure, with variable degrees of success, all over the civilized world, but an extensive search of the medical literature gives very
Progress With the Polypill?
Authors: J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Blister cells". Association with pregnancy, sickle cell disease, and pulmonary infarction
Authors: G. Karayalcin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Peripheral blood smears of two pregnant women with sickle cell disease who had clinical evidence of pulmonary embolism revealed significant numbers of erythrocytes having the appearance of blister cells. These  resemble a round or conical basket with a handle, giving the appearance of a cell with a large vacuole at one pole but with intact cell membrane. One patient had homozygous hemoglobin SS disease and died three days after hospitalization. The second patient had hemoglobin SC disease and recovered. A normal infant was born to this patient ten weeks later. Blister cells were not observed in 15 patients (one pregnant) with hemoglobin SS disease, and four patients (one pregnant) with hemoglobin SC disease without pulmonary infarction.
Folded skin with an underlying cutaneous smooth muscle hamartoma
Authors: T. OKU, K. IWASAKI, H. FUJITA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We report a 3‐month‐old male infant with marked folding of the skin, who manifested mental retardation and delayed growth at the age of 31 months. Histological examination of the folded skin disclosed smooth muscle hamartomatous changes. To our knowledge, this represents the third reported case of folded skin with an underlying smooth muscle hamartoma.
Comparison of cytogenetic and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses for the detection of loss of chromosome material in clonal hemopoietic disorders
Authors: Gail M. Abrahamson, Katrina Rack, David G. Oscier, Margaret Fitchett, Veronica J. Buckle, James S. Wainscoat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Loss of chromosome material, as manifested by monosomy or partial deletion, is commonly found in neoplastic cells. We have undertaken a systematic comparison of standard cytogenetic analysis and molecular analysis for the detection of such loss, using as a model loss of chromosome 7 in 72 patients with a clonal myeloid malignancy. A large number of probes was used to screen three regions of chromosome 7 for loss by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. There were nine cases in which loss of chromosome 7 was detected by both techniques, but seven in which loss was detected by only one of the methods, demonstrating the complementary nature of these two techniques. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
STUDIES ON TUBERCULIN FEVER
Authors: Charles H. Hall, Elisha Atkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Evidence has been presented that the fever elicited by intravenous administration of old tuberculin (O.T.) in BCG-infected rabbits is a specific property of this hypersensitivity system and is probably not due to contamination of tuberculin with bacterial endotoxins. Daily injections of O.T. in sensitized animals resulted in a rapid tolerance to its pyrogenic effect. Tuberculin tolerance can be differentiated from that occurring with endotoxins and was invariably associated with the development of a negative skin test. The mechanism of this tolerance would thus appear to be desensitization. A circulating pyrogen found during tuberculin fever was indistinguishable in its biologic effects from endogenous pyrogens obtained in several other types of experimental fever. This material produced fevers in normal recipients and therefore may be clearly differentiated from O.T. itself which was pyrogenic only to sensitized animals. Since the titer of serum pyrogen was directly proportional to the degree of fever induced by injection of O.T. in the donor animals, a causal relation is suggested. On the basis of these findings, it is postulated that tuberculin fever is due to a circulating endogenous pyrogen released by a specific action of O.T. on sensitized cells of the host.
Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata is a peroxisomal protein targeting disease caused by a non-functional PTS2 receptor
Authors: Alison M. Motley, Ewald H. Hettema, Eveline M. Hogenhout, Pedro Brites, Anneloor L.M.A. ten Asbroek, Frits A. Wijburg, Frank Baas, Hugo S. Heijmans, Henk F. Tabak, Ronald J.A. Wanders, Ben Distel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Expression of the Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXP1 Is Associated with Estrogen Receptor α and Improved Survival in Primary Human Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Stephen B. Fox, Philip Brown, Cheng Han, Sally Ashe, Russel D. Leek, Adrian L. Harris, Alison H. Banham
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

The FOXP1 protein belongs to a functionally diverse family of winged-helix or forkhead transcription factors that have diverse roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. The FOXP1 gene, which maps to 3p14, shows common loss of heterozygosity in breast tumors and is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. However, its role in breast cancer is unknown.We have therefore investigated the pattern of FOXP1 expression in whole sections from normal (n = 16) and neoplastic (n = 90) breast tissues and correlated the level of expression in 283 invasive breast carcinomas on tissue microarrays with clinicopathological factors and survival. Because a relationship with estrogen receptor (ER) was identified, estrogen (17beta-estradiol) regulation and ER/FOXP1 colocalization was also investigated.Expression of FOXP1 was significantly positively associated with ER (P = 0.03) and negatively with epidermal growth factor receptor (P = 0.01) but no association with age (P = 0.91), lymph node status (P = 0.94), size (P = 0.76), or grade (P = 0.22). In a multivariate analysis of survival, FOXP1 expression was associated with a significantly improved relapse-free (P = 0.03) and borderline overall (P = 0.09) survival. Unlike normal breast, there was common coexpression of FOXP1 and ER in cell lines and tumors, but no 17beta-estradiol (10(-9) m) regulation of FOXP1 in MCF-7 cells was demonstrated.Our findings support a role for FOXP1 as a potential ER coregulator in human breast carcinoma and suggest that it may also independently regulate additional important pathways that control the progression of breast cancer.
THE ETIOLOGY OF CHOLELITHIASIS.
Authors: Y Shibamoto, K Shibata, E Tsukie
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The incidence of gallstone has been gradually increased in the last few decades in Japan and the recent study revealed that approximately 15% of the autopsy cases had biliary stones. In the last 25 year interval, the nature of gallstones was greatly changed. In detail, the incidences of cholesterol gallstone and black stone were increased from 46.7% to 66.9% and from 0.8% to 12.1%, respectively, whereas that of calcium bilirubinate stone was decreased from 41.5% to 21.0% of the whole cholelithiasis cases. The factors influencing these changes were probably due to recent increase of fat diet intake and decrease of ascariasis by improvement of environmental hygiene. However, the factors that caused the change in black stone has not been defined.
Indian pressure group challenges company's right to patent AIDS drug
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2006)

An Indian pressure group has challenged an application by a US drug company, Gilead Sciences, for a patent on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, an antiretroviral drug that is generically produced in India.

The Indian Network for People Living with AIDS/HIV and the Delhi Network of Positive People filed their opposition last week, saying that a patent would make the drug unaffordable to people in India and other developing countries.

Tenofovir has emerged as an important antiretroviral in both first line and second line regimens. Representatives of the networks and humanitarian organisations have said that tenofovir is commonly prescribed in …
Excretion Urography in Acute Renal Failure
Authors: W. R. Cattell, C. S. McIntosh, I. F. Moseley, I. K. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1973)

High-dose excretion urography has been carried out in 32 patients presenting with non-obstructive acute oliguric or non-oliguric renal failure. An early, dense, persisting nephrogram has been observed in all patients with acute uncomplicated tubular necrosis and in patients with acute oliguric pyelonephritis. This appearance is modified by the presence of pre-existing renal disease. Different patterns have been observed in patients with acute glomerular disease, severe renal ischaemia, and chronic glomerular disease. The study demonstrates that careful analysis of the evolution of the nephrogram in patients with acute renal failure provides valuable information as to the nature of the parenchymal disease.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Serum Eotaxin-3 Levels: A Non-Invasive Method To Monitor Disease Activity
Authors: Cristina Jimenez-Aponte, Jose Torres-Silva, Eric Gonzalez-Hernandez, Liza Gonzalez-Benitez, Mairim Wiscovich-Torres, Carlos Camacho, Vylma Velazquez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
T cell receptor delta gene rearrangements in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: J Hara, S H Benedict, E Champagne, Y Takihara, T W Mak, M Minden, E W Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Using a newly isolated cDNA clone encoding the TCR-delta gene and genomic probes, we have analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) delta gene rearrangement in 19 patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and 29 patients with B-precursor ALL. Five out of seven CD3- T-ALL and 4 of 12 CD3+ T-ALL showed bi-allelic rearrangements of the TCR-delta gene. In three CD3+ patients, a single allelic TCR-delta gene rearrangement was observed with rearrangement of the TCR-alpha gene on the other allele. In five CD3+ patients with bi-allelic rearrangements of the TCR-alpha gene, the TCR-delta gene locus was deleted. Transcription of the TCR-delta gene was also analyzed in six T-ALL. Five patients expressed TCR-delta transcripts. Only one T-ALL, presumably derived from the most immature T lineage cells, did not have TCR-delta transcripts, but expressed TCR-gamma and 1.0-kb truncated TCR-beta transcripts. In B-precursor ALL, 20 patients (69%) showed rearrangements of the TCR-delta gene. The frequency of TCR-delta gene rearrangement was higher than TCR-alpha (59%), gamma (52%), or beta (31%) genes. These findings suggest that TCR-alpha gene rearrangements may take place after rearrangements of the TCR-delta gene with concomitant deletion of rearranged TCR-delta genes in T cell differentiation. Among leukemic cells of B lineage, the TCR-delta gene is the earliest rearranging TCR gene, followed by TCR-gamma and beta gene rearrangements.
Terminology for Measurements of Ventilatory Capacity: A Report to the Thoracic Society
Authors: B. Gandevia, P. Hugh-Jones
Journal: Thorax (1957)

I1 faut considerer les mots avec prudence: ils apportent un peu des theories originelles qui les ont fait naitre ... la pre'cision du langage n'est pas qu'un exercise de'suet de puriste, elle est un necessite' scientifique" (Cara, 1955).cause the resultant values may differ from those ob- tained when a full expiration is done slowly as in conventional measurements of the vital capacity.When the vital capacity is measured during an expira-copyright.
Painful Clubbing and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Sterling G. West
Journal: JAMA (1981)

ACQUIRED clubbing, particularly when painful, has long been recognized as an important physical finding often associated with an underlying disease. Detailed reviews have listed numerous pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, gastrointestinal (GI), and endocrinologic diseases as causes of acquired symmetrical clubbing.<sup>1,2</sup>Notably absent from this list is sarcoidosis, which is a systemic disease known frequently to affect all these organ systems simultaneously. We report herein sarcoidosis associated with painful clubbing of all fingers and toes. Of interest also was the dramatic relief of pain and stiffness achieved with colchicine therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old man was seen at the medical clinic with a three-year history of migratory polyarthralgias and an 18-month history of painful clubbing of fingers and toes. Associated symptoms included malaise, generalized weakness, low-grade fever, 7-kg weight loss, nonproductive cough with dyspnea on exertion, and one episode of painful nodules on the anterior aspect of his shins.
Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension
Authors: Seema Basi, Pierre Fesler, Albert Mimran, Julia B. Lewis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Albuminuria is a well-known predictor of poor renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and in essential hypertension (1–4). Albuminuria has also been shown more recently to be a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in these populations (5–8). There is emerging data that reduction of albuminuria leads to reduced risk of adverse renal and cardiovascular events (9–12). It has become increasingly clear that albuminuria should not only be measured in all patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but also steps should be taken to suppress albuminuria to prevent future renal and cardiovascular adverse events. This review discusses the measurement of albuminuria and summarizes the current literature on the association between albuminuria and adverse cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and hypertension. It also summarizes the evidence that reduction of albuminuria leads to improvement in the risk profiles of these patients.

Microalbuminuria is defined as levels of albumin ranging from 30 to 300 mg in a 24-h urine collection (13). Overt albuminuria, macroalbuminuria, or proteinuria is defined as a urinary albumin excretion of ≥300 mg/24 h. Urinary albuminuria comprises 20–70% or urinary total protein excretion. Measuring urinary albumin excretion by dipstick without simultaneously measuring creatinine is subject to false-negative and false-positive results due to variations in urine concentration caused by hydration level (13). Although urinary dipsticks are acceptable for quick screening, other more precise measurements should be done to quantify urinary albumin excretion rates (AERs). Albuminuria can be measured in several ways (Table 1): 1 ) measurement of albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in a random or first morning spot collection, 2 ) 24-h urine collection with measurement of creatinine to verify adequacy of the collection, and 3 ) timed (4-h or overnight) urine collections (13). Although the 24-h urine collection would overcome issues of diurnal variation …
The effects of β-glucan on human immune and cancer cells
Authors: Godfrey Chi-Fung Chan, Wing Keung Chan, Daniel Man-Yuen Sze
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2009)

Non-prescriptional use of medicinal herbs among cancer patients is common around the world. The alleged anti-cancer effects of most herbal extracts are mainly based on studies derived from in vitro or in vivo animal experiments. The current information suggests that these herbal extracts exert their biological effect either through cytotoxic or immunomodulatory mechanisms. One of the active compounds responsible for the immune effects of herbal products is in the form of complex polysaccharides known as beta-glucans. beta-glucans are ubiquitously found in both bacterial or fungal cell walls and have been implicated in the initiation of anti-microbial immune response. Based on in vitro studies, beta-glucans act on several immune receptors including Dectin-1, complement receptor (CR3) and TLR-2/6 and trigger a group of immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells and dendritic cells. As a consequence, both innate and adaptive response can be modulated by beta-glucans and they can also enhance opsonic and non-opsonic phagocytosis. In animal studies, after oral administration, the specific backbone 1-->3 linear beta-glycosidic chain of beta-glucans cannot be digested. Most beta-glucans enter the proximal small intestine and some are captured by the macrophages. They are internalized and fragmented within the cells, then transported by the macrophages to the marrow and endothelial reticular system. The small beta-glucans fragments are eventually released by the macrophages and taken up by other immune cells leading to various immune responses. However, beta-glucans of different sizes and branching patterns may have significantly variable immune potency. Careful selection of appropriate beta-glucans is essential if we wish to investigate the effects of beta-glucans clinically. So far, no good quality clinical trial data is available on assessing the effectiveness of purified beta-glucans among cancer patients. Future effort should direct at performing well-designed clinical trials to verify the actual clinical efficacy of beta-glucans or beta-glucans containing compounds.
Value of Single Photon Absorptiometry in Osteoporosis Screening
Authors: GORDON L. BILBREY, JEFF WEIX, GORDON D. KAPLAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Radial bone mineral content and bone mineral density were measured in 1515 women referred for osteoporosis screening. A detailed questionnaire allowed the selection of 1069 normal white women for further analysis who had no historical evidence of bone disease or predisposing factors for bone disease. The nondominant radius was measured at two locations: the midradial bone density (MRBD) composed of predominantly cortical bone and the distal radial bone density at the 5 mm site (DRBD) composed of a mixture of cortical and trabecular bone. Women considered at risk were defined as those whose bone density values fell below fracture risk levels (0.550 g/cm2 for the MRBD and 0.325 g/cm2 for the DRBD). Between the ages of 20 and 70 years, the DRBD showed significantly greater sensitivity in defining subjects at risk (N = 223) than the MRBD (N = 80); P < 0.001. Analysis of all ages showed that 684 women were above the fracture risk value (FRV) at both sites (64.0%), 260 were below the FRV at the DRBD 5 mm site (24.3%), 14 were below the FRV at the MRBD site (1.3%), and 111 were below the FRV at both sites (10.4%). Postmenopausal women age 50 to 70 years receiving estrogen replacement therapy (N = 221) had significantly higher values at both sites (P < 0.001) than age-matched postmenopausal women not receiving replacement therapy (N = 239). Hereditary factors significantly correlated with both sites but neither site showed that calcium intake, activity level, or cigarette smoking were significant variables. In conclusion, measurement of radial bone density at the distal 5 mm site adds significant value to single photon absorptiometry in the early determination of trabecular bone osteopenia and therefore in screening for osteoporosis.