tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Electric- and Lightning-Induced Cardiac Arrest Reversed by Prompt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Kevin T. Moran
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article entitled "Prehospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Is It Effective?" Cummins and Eisenberg<sup>1</sup>state: "Clinical evidence provides strong support for efforts to increase the percent of persons in cardiac arrests who receive early bystander CPR [cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. These efforts do no harm and clearly save lives." We wish to report a subgroup of patients in whom early bystander-initiated CPR may be dramatically successful. Cardiac arrest induced by lightning or electricity is a unique injury because all patients may survive if CPR is promptly instituted. The potential success rate in this subgroup can be compared with success rates for resuscitation attempts in the hospital and in the community. When CPR is commenced in the hospital, a success rate of 56% has been reported.<sup>2</sup>Figures for resuscitation in the community are more difficult to interpret as reported by Cummins and Eisenberg, who have reviewed the results from
Recent Advances: Otorhinolaryngology
Authors: A Hinton, V Moore-Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

As in all other specialties, changes in the organisation of the NHS and the purchaser-provider split have had effects on the practice of otorhinolaryngology. The most extensive change in practice over the past 12 months has not been the widespread adoption of a radical new diagnostic technique or surgical procedure but the increasing introduction of day case surgery. Procedures such as grommet insertion and reduction of fractured noses have long been performed as day cases, but many departments are now carrying out adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, all types of nasal surgery, and even major ear surgery on a day case basis.1 This has necessitated changes in working practices and philosophy as well as an appraisal of the safety of such a move to day case surgery. The specialty is also being changed, however, not just by financial considerations and pressures from purchasers but by technical advances in fields as diverse as molecular biology, optical fibres, computers, microelectronics, and metallurgy.

The complex and variable anatomy of the middle and inner ear, and the disastrous consequences of operative errors, means that the otorhinolaryngologist in training must spend much time operating on cadaver temporal bones before even starting to deal with patients. Computers running virtual reality programs are becoming increasingly sophisticated and widespread,2 and a virtual cadaver system is already available for training medical students and junior surgeons.

A virtual temporal bone model is currently under development and will allow the complex three dimensional anatomy of the temporal bone and the relation between the middle ear ossicles, cochlea, vestibular labyrinth, and the facial nerve to be better understood and appreciated. The advantages of such a system are that the anatomy can be viewed from any angle and not just from those possible by operation or temporal bone dissection. It is possible, for example, …
Fibronectin degradation products containing the cytoadhesive tetrapeptide stimulate human neutrophil degranulation.
Authors: Y T Wachtfogel, W Abrams, U Kucich, G Weinbaum, M Schapira, R W Colman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

We investigated whether adhesive glycoproteins, such as fibronectin or fibrinogen, could function to provide a nidus for neutrophil degranulation. Elastase release in recalcified plasma was normal in afibrinogenemic plasma, but 73% less in plasma depleted of fibronectin. Proteolytic digests of fibronectin, but not intact fibronectin (50-1,000 micrograms/ml), induced a concentration-dependent release of neutrophil elastase and lactoferrin. MAbs N293, which recognized the mid-molecule of fibronectin, N294, which was directed toward the 11-kD cell adhesive fragment, and N295, generated against the amino terminal of the 11-kD fragment, inhibited the release of elastase by 7, 24, and 60%, respectively. The cytoadhesive tetrapeptide portion of fibronectin, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (250-1,000 micrograms/ml), released 1.94 +/- 0.10 micrograms/ml of elastase from 10(7) neutrophils, in contrast to the lack of release by the control hexapeptide, Arg-Gly-Tyr-Ser-Leu-Gly. Plasmin appeared to be the enzyme responsible for fibronectin cleavage, since neutrophil elastase release in plasma that had been depleted of plasminogen was decreased and reconstitution of plasminogen-deficient plasma with purified plasminogen corrected the abnormal release. Plasmin cleaved fibronectin to multiple degradation products, each less than 200 kD. This fibronectin digest released 1.05 microgram/ml of elastase from 10(7) neutrophils. We suggest that the activation of plasminogen leads to the formation of fibronectin degradation products capable of functioning as agonists for neutrophils.
Abstract 3361: EGFR signaling regulates aerobic glycolysis in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hideki Makinoshima, Masahiro Takita, Shingo Matsumoto, Atsushi Yagishita, Satoshi Owada, Hiroyasu Esumi, Katsuya Tsuchihara
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent accumulating evidences suggest that genetic mutations in tumor cells cause several unique metabolic phenotypes that are critical for cancerous cell proliferation. Mutations in the tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induce oncogenic addiction in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). However, the linkage between oncogenic mutated EGFR and cancer metabolism has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we measured extracellular lactate production, glucose consumption and the glucose-induced extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) after the inhibition of EGFR signaling in LAD cell culture. Using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOFMS)-based metabolomic techniques, the major intracellular metabolites in EGFR-mutated LAD cells were quantified in the absence or presence of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) erlotinib. The molecular profile regulating the metabolic enzymes at the transcriptional and post-translational levels was characterized by RT-PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry. We demonstrated that EGFR signaling was required for lactate production, glucose consumption and glucose-induced ECAR, indicating that EGFR signaling promoted the Warburg effect in LAD cells. Moreover, comprehensive metabolomic analysis revealed that the levels of key intermediate metabolites in glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) were decreased after treatment with EGFR inhibitors. The glucose transport carried out by GLUT1 and GLUT3 was the most rapid and critically regulated function of glucose metabolism linked to EGFR signaling, although the expression of MYC-dependent glycolytic genes and the phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM2) were down-regulated by EGFR inhibition at a later time point. A modest down-regulation of both total and membrane-bound GLUT3 was also observed after EGFR inhibition. Despite an equivalent total amount of GLUT1 in LAD cells, the levels of membrane-bound GLUT1 was decreased by EGFR-TKI treatment, suggesting that EGFR signaling controlled GLUT1 function through post-translational modification. We concluded that EGFR signaling regulated aerobic glycolysis in EGFR-mutated LAD cells. Our data suggests that the glycolytic pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of EGFR-mutated lung cancer. This regulatory pathway could be an attractive target for the development of targeted therapies to better treat patients with EGFR-mutated LAD. Citation Format: Hideki Makinoshima, Masahiro Takita, Shingo Matsumoto, Atsushi Yagishita, Satoshi Owada, Hiroyasu Esumi, Katsuya Tsuchihara. EGFR signaling regulates aerobic glycolysis in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3361. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3361
The Partisan Divide — The McCain and Obama Plans for U.S. Health Care Reform
Authors: Jonathan Oberlander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In the face of escalating costs, uneven quality of care, and the growth of the uninsured population, there is broad agreement that the U.S. health care system requires reform. However, Democrats and Republicans remain sharply divided over how to reform it, as evidenced by the health care plans offered by the parties' presidential candidates. The ambitious reform agendas of Senators John McCain (R-AZ) and Barack Obama (D-IL) would take the U.S. health care system in very different directions. McCain's plan embraces market forces and promotes individually purchased insurance (see red box). Its centerpiece is a change in the tax treatment of . . .
Abstract 5232: Phosphatidylethanolamine is a marker of tumor vasculature and can be used as a target for optical imaging
Authors: Jason H. Stafford, Shuzhen Li, Philip E. Thorpe
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract New imaging agents are needed that home rapidly to tumors and saturate their target molecules with the unbound residue then clearing rapidly from the blood stream. Such agents should enable rapid detection of tumors. We have found that a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding peptide known as duramycin is an effective targeting moiety for construction of tumor-specific imaging agents. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is one of two major phospholipids that present in the inner leaflet of the cell membranes, the other being phosphatidylserine (PS). We have previously demonstrated that oxidative stress conditions within the tumor microenvironment cause PS to flip to the outer leaflet in tumor endothelial cells. The exposed PS provides a highly specific marker of tumor vasculature. Since PE and PS distribution within the membrane is co-regulated, we hypothesized that PE would also be a marker of tumor vasculature. To target exposed PE, we generated several biotinylated duramycin constructs. Biotinylated duramycin bound to PE which became exposed on endothelial cells after they had been subjected to oxidative stresses. When the biotinylated duramycin was injected intravenously into mice bearing different types of tumors it rapidly localized to tumor vasculature and did not bind blood vessels in normal tissues. Next, we conjugated duramycin conjugated to a near-infrared fluophore (IRDye 800CW) and used it for optical imaging of subcutaneous RM-1 prostate tumors in mice. The duramycin-targeted near infrared probe efficiently labeled tumors and did not accumulate in non-target tissues giving clear detection of the tumors. These results show that PE exposure, like PS exposure, is a marker of tumor vasculature in many types of cancer. Duramycin labeled with detectable probes may have broad application in cancer imaging. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5232.
Downregulation of leptin by free fatty acids in rat adipocytes: Effects of triacsin C, palmitate, and 2-bromopalmitate
Authors: Mitsuyo Shintani, Haruo Nishimura, Shin Yonemitsu, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Kiminori Hosoda, Gen Inoue, Yasunao Yoshimasa, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
PLAGL2 Regulates Wnt Signaling to Impede Differentiation in Neural Stem Cells and Gliomas
Authors: Hongwu Zheng, Haoqiang Ying, Ruprecht Wiedemeyer, Haiyan Yan, Steven N. Quayle, Elena V. Ivanova, Ji-Hye Paik, Hailei Zhang, Yonghong Xiao, Samuel R. Perry, Jian Hu, Anant Vinjamoori, Boyi Gan, Ergun Sahin, Milan G. Chheda, Cameron Brennan, Y. Alan Wang, William C. Hahn, Lynda Chin, Ronald A. DePinho
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Effects of interleukin-1 beta on insulin-like growth factor-I autocrine/paracrine axis in cultured rat articular chondrocytes.
Authors: T Matsumoto, T Tsukazaki, H Enomoto, K Iwasaki, S Yamashita
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To clarify the interaction of tissue destruction and repair of articular cartilage during inflammation, the effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), its receptor, and its binding proteins were examined. METHODS--Articular chondrocytes from five week rats were cultured in serum free medium treated with IL-1 beta (1-100 U/ml) for 24 hours. The concentration of IGF-1 in the conditioned medium was measured by RIA, and IGFBP were analysed by immunoligand blotting method. IGF-I receptors were also examined by [125I]IGF-I binding study. RESULTS--IL-1 beta induced the secretion of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein in chondrocytes; this was not inhibited by indomethacin (5 micrograms/ml). IL-1 beta also increased the number of IGF-I receptors but had no effect on receptor affinity. IL-1 beta inhibited chondrocyte proliferation, while exogenous IGF-I and growth hormone stimulated chondrocyte cell growth. IL-1 beta did not change IGF-I mRNA levels. CONCLUSION--IL-1 beta up-regulated the IGF-I autocrine/paracrine axis in cultured articular chondrocytes. These observations provide insight into the critical role played by IL-1 beta in tissue destruction and repair, and into the direct interaction between cytokines and growth factors associated with inflammatory arthropathy.
ALDOSTERONISM AND SPIRONOLACTONE
Authors: JAMES G. HILTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 March 1969ALDOSTERONISM AND SPIRONOLACTONEJAMES G. HILTON, M.D.JAMES G. HILTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-3-648 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:I was very interested in the article entitled "Aldosteronism in Hypertension: The Response to Spironolactone" by Spark and Melby (Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 685, 1968). What particularly struck me was the fact that in the patients with primary aldosteronism, treated with spironolactone, the blood pressures fell to normal, while the low plasma renin activity rose to values comparable with those seen in the group of patients with hypertension and secondary aldosteronism. I would suspect that the reason the blood pressures remained normal despite increased renin levels lies in the fact that these patients were in negative sodium...References1. LARAGHCANNONAMES JLPJRP: Interaction between aldosterone secretion, sodium and potassium balance and angiotensin activity in man. Studies in hypertension and cirrhosis. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 90: 248, 1964. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. VEYRATCHAMPLAINDE BOUCHERJENEST RJRJ: Measurement of human arterial renin activity in some physiological and pathological states. Ibid, p. 215. Google Scholar3. BROWNDAVIESDOAKLEVERROBERTSON JJDLPBAFJI: Plasma renin in normal pregnancy. Lancet 2: 900, 1963. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. KÜCHELFISHMANLIDDLEMICHELAKIS OLMGWA: Effect of diazoxide on plasma activity in hypertensive patients. Ann. Intern. Med. 67: 791, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar5. UEDAYAGIKANEKO NSY: Hydralazine and plasma renin activity. Arch. Intern. Med. (Chicago) 122: 387, 1968. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. LEDINGHAMBULLLARAGH JGMBJ: The meaning of aldosteronism in hypertensive disease. Circ. Res. 20-21 (suppl. 2): 177, 1967. Google Scholar7. KATZ FH: Primary aldosteronism with suppressed plasma renin activity due to bilateral nodular adrenocortical hyperplasia. Ann. Intern. Med. 67: 1035, 1967. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1969Volume 70, Issue 3Page: 648-649KeywordsBlood pressureHypertensionPlasma renin activitySecondary hypertensionSodium Issue Published: 1 March 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Surgeon is suspended for misleading his supervisor over his research
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An orthopaedic surgeon in the north of England has been suspended from practice for four months by the General Medical Council for misleading his supervisor over the submission of two research papers to journals, and then giving a dishonest account when his behaviour was being investigated.

The events happened between 2004 and 2006, when Narayanasamy Raghuraman, now a consultant in orthopaedic surgery at Hull and East Ridings NHS Trust, was a specialist registrar with Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

The fitness to practise panel found that Mr Raghuraman, …
Double-blind trial of house-dust mite immunotherapy in asthmatic children resident at high altitude
Authors: D. G. Peroni, G. L. Piacentini, L. C. Martinati, J. O. Warner, A. L. Boner
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Twenty‐three Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt)‐sensitive asthmatic children aged 7–14 years entered a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of standardized immunotherapy (IT) (Alpare) while resident at high altitude. Dpt sensitivity was evaluated by skin prick tests at different allergen concentrations at the enrollment and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. Bronchial hyperreactivity was evaluated at the same time points, and on each occasion, histamine challenge and, the following day, Dpt bronchial challenge were performed. All patients, irrespective of active treatment, improved clinically and in lung function with increased PC 20 and Dpt‐PD 20 . Alpare‐treated patients had a significantly decreased sensitivity on Dpt skin testing (P ≤0.009) and felt that their asthma had improved (P ≤0.001) compared with placebo‐treated subjects, but there was no difference between the treatment groups in lung function or bronchial challenge response. IT neither increased nor decreased bronchial histamine sensitivity. Our results indicate that Dpt IT benefits asthmatic children, but improvement by allergen avoidance at high altitude is even greater.
In Vivo Aortic Valve Thermal Heterogeneity in Patients With Nonrheumatic Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Maria Drakopoulou, Andreas Synetos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, George Agrogiannis, Nikolaos Kavantzas, Eustratios Patsouris, Dimitris Iliopoulos, Stergios Theodoropoulos, Magdi Yacoub, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Blood zinc protoporphyrin is elevated only in sickle cell patients with low fetal hemoglobin
Authors: Rhoda Elison Hirsch, Usha Rao Pulakhandam, Henny H. Billett, Ronald L. Nagel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Increased levels of various porphyrin species have been reported in sickle cell anemia (SS) patients in the absence of lead poisoning and iron deficiency anemia, but conflicting data remain. Suspecting that SS patients may be heterogenous for this abnormality, we have studied zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) blood levels and find abnormally elevated levels of ZPP in those with low peripheral fetal hemoglobin (%HbF) levels. Two groups exist: one with &lt;9% HbF and elevated ZPP, and one with ≥9% HbF and normal ZPP levels ( P &lt; 8.1 × 10 −4 ). There is a strong negative correlation of ZPP levels with %Hb F (r = –0.83, P &lt; 8.0 × 10 −5 ), and a moderate one with total hemoglobin levels (r = –0.55, P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that ZPP may indeed contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease and/or serve as a marker of the severity of the disease.
Clinical and Laboratory Features of Asthmatic Patients with Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD)
Authors: R.C. Agondi, M.G. Roso, G.P. Lima, N.C. Portilho, D.B. Borges, J. Kalil, P. Giavina-Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
New Easy-to-Understand Labels for OTC Drugs
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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