tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A 3 month old boy with vomiting, intermittent crying, and lethargy
Authors: A. Parekh, S. Hardman
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The mother of a 3 month old boy brought her child to the emergency department at midday. Since that morning he had been having intermittent episodes of severe crying, which his mother said “wasn’t like him at all.” He occasionally brought his legs up to his chest and his mother thought that he was in considerable pain. The child had vomited twice that morning and become more lethargic. He was now refusing to breast feed. His mother had changed only one wet nappy that morning and a soiled nappy overnight. She had not seen any blood in the stool and the child had not had a fever. He had been born by uncomplicated vaginal delivery at 36 weeks. Apart from mild hyperemesis during the first trimester, the mother’s obstetric history was unremarkable. There were no concerns during the neonatal period. Before he became unwell, the boy had been having frequent wet nappies, opening his bowels regularly, and breast feeding well. On examination, he was initially quiet. He had mottled skin and dry mucous membranes. He then had a severe episode of crying, and was noted to draw his legs up to his chest. His vital signs were pulse 180 beats/min, respiratory rate 60 breaths/min, and temperature 37.5°C. His abdomen was distended and diffusely tender. No abdominal mass was palpable and bowel sounds were normal. Blood tests were unremarkable. An urgent ultrasound was performed for further assessment (fig 1⇓). Fig 1 Axial ultrasound of the abdomen using a high frequency ultrasound probe with the probe held in the upper part of the abdomen.
Pulmonic valve motion.
Authors: E M Lutas
Journal: Circulation (1982)

tracavitary gradients, which have been documented in apparently normal ventricles.1' 4 Unfortunately, the equation gradient = ob- struction so permeates scientific thinking that many investigators attribute these gradients to obstruction.Experiments with hydrodynamic models of the left ventricle2 have confirmed Gauer's original concept.When a ventricle rapidly ejects its contents and continues to exert contractile force on the small remaining cavity, a pressure higher than that in the aorta is generated.This gradient can be produced in a model ventricle designed to be incapable of obstruction when the preload or afterload is reduced, or the contractile state is increased.Grose's findings reconfirm these findings in systematic experiments with human subjects.
Palmoplantar keratodermas in black patients (Fitzpatrick skin phototype V-VI) of African descent: a multicentre comparative and descriptive series
Authors: E. Bourrat, P.-P. Cabotin, M. Baccard, C. Fitoussi, D. Eyraud, A.-M. Eudes, M. Sepaser, S. Kornfeld, B. Chaine, F. Poli, E. Raynaud, O. Dadzie, A. Petit
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2011)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Madam, Several pieces of evidence indicate that certain types of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) occur predominantly in black patients.1–6 These comprise two relatively frequent diseases: keratosis punctata of the palmar creases (KPPC)1–4 and focal acral hyperkeratosis (FAH), which is now considered to be a variant of acrokeratoelastoidosis.5, 6 Other related conditions that may preferentially affect black people are ainhum, knuckle pads (KP)6 and the very rare mosaic acral keratosis. Furthermore, anecdotal evidence also indicates that different forms of PPK may coexist in a single patient.6–9 We undertook a large multicentre comparative and descriptive study to ascertain the prevalence and clinical characteristics of PPK in black patients [defined as being of African descent, with Fitzpatrick skin phototype (FSP) V–VI], compared with a control population of patients of nonblack origin (defined as FSP ≤ IV and no African descent). All patients attending outpatient clinics in 12 different dermatology units (hospital and private clinics) in Paris, between 1 March 2007 and 28 February 2008, were given the opportunity to enrol in the study, after informed consent was obtained. Enrolled patients had the following data collected: initials, sex, age and FSP, and they also had systematic evaluation of their hands to ascertain the presence or absence of hand lesions of PPK. Additional data collected in patients with hand lesions of PPK included a clinical evaluation of the feet, age at onset of the lesions, family history of PPK and geographical origin of their parents. The clinical characteristics and associated symptoms of the PPK were also assessed. All data collected were recorded in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis performed using Fisher’s exact test. The local ethics institutional review board skipped review of the study.
Abortion Bill in overdrive
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The Abortion (Amendment) Bill, which has been languishing in its House of Commons committee for six weeks, is about to go into overdrive.Mr John Corrie, Conservative MP for Bute and North Ayr, the Bill's sponsor, faced with opponents who, he believes, are opposing not for opposition's sake, but to destroy his Bill, has decided it is time to bring in a sittings motion.This means that instead of meeting once a week on Wednesday mornings for a two-and- a-half hour session only, the com- mittee will probably have to meet all day on Tuesdays and Thursdays as well.
Partnership of medicine and religion
Authors: P. J. Nott
Journal: BMJ (1988)

It is a rare privilege to have so many doctors as a captive audience.To use such an opportunity to describe my own ailments is a hypochondriac's dream, a doctor's nightmare and, I assume, an abuse of privilege.But that is riskily where I want to begin-though let me assure you that I was cured of the illness I shall describe more than 30 years ago.At the age of22 I contracted pulmonary tuberculosis.As many of you will remember in the 1950s strepto- mycin was at an experimental stage in its use.There was good evidence, but as yet no proof, that it would be effective in treating tuberculosis.So postural treat- ment, bed rest, and daily injections were prescribed.Patients with tuberculosis used to take a great interest in their disease, possibly because they had so much time on their hands.Possibly it was a psychological side effect of the disease.On ward rounds, when students asked us to describe our symptoms, we loved to use technical language and new patients quickly learnt from their fellows not to talk of "coughing blood" but of "a significant haemoptysis."We also developed strong opinions about the professional qualities of consultants and surgeons.Until that time I had hardly ever seen a doctor.But I used to see my general practitioner around the town, a respected figure, well liked, getting old now, but trusted-a kindly, reassuring, sympathetic character, a sort of Cornish version of Dr Cameron.I saw no reason to question the generally high opinion of him - that is, until he visited me in hospital.Because I had gone straight to a hospital he had not diagnosed my illness.He confessed himself baffled as to its cause.Not being I suspect very up to date he told me that I
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: From rational design to clinical trials
Authors: Peter Traxler, Guido Bold, Elisabeth Buchdunger, Giorgio Caravatti, Pascal Furet, Paul Manley, Terence O'Reilly, Jeanette Wood, Juerg Zimmermann
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

Protein kinases play a crucial role in signal transduction as well as in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and various regulatory mechanisms. The inhibition of growth related kinases, especially tyrosine kinases, might provide new therapies for diseases such as cancer. The progress made in the crystallization of protein kinases has confirmed that the ATP-binding domain of tyrosine kinases is an attractive target for drug design. Three successful examples of drug design at Novartis using a tyrosine kinase as a molecular target are described. PKI166, a pyrrolo[2,3,-d]pyrimidine derivative, is a dual inhibitor of both the EGFR and the ErbB2 kinases. The compound entered clinical trials in 1999, based on its favorable preclinical profile: potent inhibition of EGF-mediated signalling in cells, in vivo antitumor activity in several EGFR overexpressing xenograft tumor models in nude mice, long-lasting inhibition of EGF-stimulated EGFR autophosphorylation in tumor tissue, good oral bioavailability in animals, and no prohibitive in vitro and in vivo toxicity findings. The anilino-phthalazine derivative PTK787/ZK222584 (Phase I, co-developed by Schering AG, Berlin) is a potent and selective inhibitor of both the KDR and Flt-1 kinases with interesting anti-angiogenic and pharmacokinetic properties (orally bioavailable). STI571 (Glivec, Gleevec), a phenylamino-pyrimidine derivative, is a potent inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase, which is present in 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The compound specifically inhibits proliferation of v-Abl and Bcr-Abl expressing cells (including cells from CML patients) and shows anti-tumor activity as a single agent in animal models at well-tolerated doses. Pharmacologically relevant concentrations are achieved in the plasma of animals (oral administration). Promising data from phase I and II clinical trials in CML patients (98% haematological response rate in Phase I) support the fact that the STI571 represents a new treatment modality for CML. In addition, potent inhibition of the PDGFR and c-Kit tyrosine kinases also indicates its possible clinical use in solid tumors.
Oestrogen-induced familial porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: L. MALINA, J. CHLUMSKY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article Oestrogen‐induced familial porphyria cutanea tarda Get access L. MALINA, L. MALINA Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medical Hygiene, Charles University, Prague *Author's address: Dr L.Malina, Faculty Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Srobarova 50, 100 oo Prague 10, Czechoslovakia. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. CHLUMSKY J. CHLUMSKY Department of Dermatology and Medicine, Faculty of Medical Hygiene, Charles University, Prague Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 6, 1 June 1975, Pages 707–709, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03154.x Published: 01 June 1975 Article history Accepted: 30 September 1974 Published: 01 June 1975
Meditation on Craniocaudal Folding
Authors: Jenna Le
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Antihistamine in the Fenestration Operation for Otosclerosis
Authors: T. Cawthorne, P. B. Foxwell
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MMCLJORAin normal subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer.The dosage required to effect maximum acid output has been established and the duration of this response determined.An augmented histamine test of gastric secretion, based on these findings, is described.This test, which imposes a uniform and maximum stimulus on the acid-secreting cells, gives consistent results on repeated estimations in any one individual.An analysis has been made of the results of the test in 25 normal subjects, 103 duodenal ulcer cases, and 20 patients with gastric ulcer.
Fetuses of Obese Mothers Develop Insulin Resistance in Utero
Authors: Patrick M. Catalano, Larraine Presley, Judi Minium, Sylvie Hauguel-de Mouzon
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Offspring of obese mothers have an increased risk for obesity and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fetuses of obese women have increased obesity, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation, supporting the concept of fetal programming.Fifty-three lean and 68 obese women with singleton term pregnancies were evaluated at elective cesarean delivery. Maternal and umbilical cord blood was obtained for measures of insulin resistance and cytokines. Neonatal body composition was estimated using anthropometric measurements within 24 h of delivery.The fetuses of obese mothers had greater percent body fat (13.1 +/- 3.4 vs. 11.6 +/- 2.9%, P = 0.02), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (1.51 +/- 0.86 vs. 1.06 +/- 0.70, P = 0.003), cord leptin (14.5 +/- 13.5 vs. 8.2 +/- 4.7 ng/ml, P = 0.001), and interleukin-6 (3.5 +/- 2.3 vs. 2.4 +/- 1.4 pg/ml, P = 0.02) than fetuses of lean women. There was a strong positive correlation between fetal adiposity and insulin resistance (r = 0.32, P = 0.0008) as well as maternal pregravid BMI and fetal insulin resistance (r = 0.31, P = 0.007) even with adjustment for potential confounders. Cord leptin had a significant correlation with fetal insulin resistance (r = 0.30, P = 0.001), but there was no significant correlation between any other umbilical cord cytokines and fetal insulin resistance.These data suggest that maternal obesity creates a significant risk for the next generations with metabolic compromise already apparent at birth. Therefore, if prevention of obesity is the goal rather than treatment, the perinatal period may be an important focus of future research.
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Is Induced in the Left Ventricle of Rats With Heart Failure and Can Provide Inotropic Support to the Failing Heart
Authors: Hongkui Jin, Grazyna Fedorowicz, Renhui Yang, Annie Ogasawara, Franklin Peale, Thinh Pham, Nicholas F. Paoni
Journal: Circulation (2004)

We reported previously that left ventricular gene expression for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) precursor was increased in rats with heart failure 8 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) and that early ACE inhibition tended to cause further myocardial induction of this gene.Here, we show that after MI, the expression of pro-TRH is induced in the heart coordinately with the protease PC1, an important enzyme in TRH biosynthesis. Pro-TRH gene expression was induced in cardiac interstitial cells after MI, and this effect was restricted to the heart, because no increase in TRH mRNA abundance was observed in the hypothalamus, kidney, or lung. Transcript abundance of pro-TRH can be increased in cultured cardiac fibroblasts by several adrenergic agonists, indicating that the adrenergic axis may play a regulatory role in cardiac TRH production. Acute intravenous administration of TRH to rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy caused a significant increase in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and cardiac contractility.Taken together, these results indicate that TRH is specifically induced in the heart after MI and that it can increase cardiac performance in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Thus, in addition to catecholamine and angiotensin II, pro-TRH/TRH may be another important axis that affects hemodynamics and cardiac function in heart failure.
Tissue factor pathway in carotid atherosclerotic plaques: Relationships with clinical patterns and risk factors
Authors: Christophe Zawadzki, Stephan Haulon, Sophie Susen, André Vincentelli, Emmanuelle Jeanpierre, Christian Lucas, Eric Van Belle, Florence Richard, Delphine Corseaux, Brigitte Jude
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Biomonitoring of Exposure in Farmworker Studies
Authors: Dana B. Barr, Kent Thomas, Brian Curwin, Doug Landsittel, James Raymer, Chensheng Lu, K.C. Donnelly, John Acquavella
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Although biomonitoring has been used in many occupational and environmental health and exposure studies, we are only beginning to understand the complexities and uncertainties involved with the biomonitoring process--from study design, to sample collection, to chemical analysis--and with interpreting the resulting data. We present an overview of concepts that should be considered when using biomonitoring or biomonitoring data, assess the current status of biomonitoring, and detail potential advancements in the field that may improve our ability to both collect and interpret biomonitoring data. We discuss issues such as the appropriateness of biomonitoring for a given study, the sampling time frame, temporal variability in biological measurements to nonpersistent chemicals, and the complex issues surrounding data interpretation. In addition, we provide recommendations to improve the utility of biomonitoring in farmworker studies.
Influence of treatment on peak expiratory flow and its relation to airway hyperresponsiveness and symptoms. The Dutch CNSLD Study Group.
Authors: H A Kerstjens, P L Brand, P M de Jong, G H Koeter, D S Postma
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Despite effective treatments, the morbidity and mortality of obstructive airways disease (asthma and COPD) remains high. Home monitoring of peak expiratory flow (PEF) is increasingly being advocated as an aid to better management of obstructive airways disease. The few available studies describing effects of treatment on the level and variation of PEF have involved relatively small numbers of subjects and did not use control groups. METHODS--Patients aged 18-60 years were selected with PC20 &lt; or = 8 mg/ml and FEV1 &lt; 95% confidence interval of predicted normal. They were randomised to receive, in addition to a beta 2 agonist, either an inhaled corticosteroid (BA+CS), an anticholinergic (BA+AC), or a placebo (BA+PL). One hundred and forty one of these subjects with moderately severe obstructive airways disease completed seven periods of two weeks of morning and afternoon PEF measurements at home during 18 months of blind follow up. RESULTS--Improvements in PEF occurred within the first three months of treatment with BA+CS and was subsequently maintained: the mean (SE) increase in morning PEF was 51 (8) l/min in the BA+CS group compared with no change in the other two groups. Similarly, afternoon PEF increased by 22 (7) l/min. Diurnal variation in PEF (amplitude %mean) decreased from 18.0% to 10.2% in the first three months of treatment with BA+CS. Within-subject relations between changes in diurnal variation in PEF and changes in PC20 were found to be predominantly negative (median rho-0.40) but with a large scatter. Relations between diurnal variation in PEF and changes in symptom scores, FEV1, and bronchodilator response were even weaker. CONCLUSIONS--In patients with moderately severe obstructive airways disease, PEF rates and variation are greatly improved by inhaled corticosteroids. Since the relation of diurnal PEF variation with PC20, symptoms, FEV1, and bronchodilator response were all weak, these markers of disease severity may all provide different information on the actual disease state. PEF measurements should be used in addition to the other markers but not instead of them.
Points: Immunisation before school entry
Authors: G. Moon
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Dr Norman D Noah (16 May, p 1270) rightly draws attention to the comparatively limited information available on compulsory childhood immunisation and its impact in eastern European countries.He specifically mentions Czechoslovakia, a country which I recently visited as a medical geographer with a specific interest in vaccination uptake and the epidemiology of infectious disease.In Czechoslovakia virtual eradication ofmeasles seems to have been attained by a combination of compulsory childhood immunisation and the measures which Dr Noah commends: administrative methods, health education, and service delivery.Though immunisa-
Multiple Cranial Mononeuropathies With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody in Mitochondrial Diabetes
Authors: Yoshihiko Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Matsuo Taniyama, Tarou Muramatsu, Shigeo Ohta, Yoshitomo Oka, Yoshihito Atsumi, Kempei Matsuoka
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

In 1997, we reported the first identified case of mitochondrial diabetes caused by a T-to-C transition at position 3264 (1). The patient had type 2 diabetes, lipoma, facial palsy, ophthalmoplegia, and hearing loss. His unique profile suggests the heterogeneity of mitochondrial (mt)DNA-related diabetes. Among the characteristics, bilateral facial palsy and ophthalmoplegia (right eye) were noteworthy because they have not been reported in mitochondrial diabetes associated with other pathogenetic mutations. At age 59 years, facial palsy appeared first on the right side and 6 months later on the left side. It occurred without pain and became persistent. …
Sensitization to mite allergens is a risk factor for early and late onset of asthma and for persistence of asthmatic signs in children☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Joachim Kuehr, Thomas Frischer, Rolf Meinert, Regina Barth, Sabine Schraub, Radvan Urbanek, Wilfried Karmaus, Johannes Forster
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1995)
A Case of Acute Meningitis
Authors: F. Ogston
Journal: BMJ (1885)

tube, being healthy, were not removed.The patient made an uninterrupted recovery.CASE v.-T.L., aged 25, married seven years, had three children, the last born three years ago ; all the labours were difficult ; she had prolapse of the woomb after the second.Since the last confinement, the uterus had not been prolapsed, but she had suffered from violent " bearing-down" pains, lhad had painful menstruation, and had been unfit for active employment.The uterus measuredl three and a half inches, anid behind it was a tumliour doubtfully fluctuant.On November 27th, abdoimiinal section was performed.The omentum
Drug companies may provide information directly to EU patients but under strict conditions
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Drug companies will be able to provide information to the public on prescription drugs but only under strict conditions, according to draft legislation overwhelmingly adopted by the European parliament on 24 November.

The new measures would enable patients in European Union countries to receive data on a drug’s characteristics and the disease or condition for which it is designed. Companies would be allowed to provide basic non-promotional information such as product characteristics in package leaflets and an accessible version of a drug’s assessment report. Patients would be able to receive more specific answers on request. All information would require prior authorisation from national authorities. …
TAP WATER SODIUM IN THE LOW SALT DIET
Authors: SEYMOUR L. COLE
Journal: JAMA (1949)

The sodium content of the food in the daily diet has become recognized as an important factor in the salt and water balance of persons with heart failure, hypertension and renal disease.<sup>1</sup>With the exception of occasional casual mention,<sup>2</sup>however, drinking water has been overlooked as a source of sodium large enough to nullify attempts to restrict that element in the solid part of the diet. Furstenberg and his associates<sup>3</sup>reported drinking water of high sodium content to be the cause of failure of a low salt diet in the treatment of Ménière's disease. This they corrected by substituting water of low sodium content. Lenel, Katz and Rodbard<sup>3a</sup>varied the blood pressure of laboratory animals with changes in the sodium content of the drinking water. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that the determination of the sodium content of the water supply of a