tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABO Blood Groups and Abortion
Authors: D. I. Rushton
Journal: BMJ (1972)

powerful antibiotic is sufficient without drainage of an abscess."I would like to question this statement.I have personally cleared out more than one sterile cavity persisting several months after the apparent cure of osteomyelitis with antibiotics alone.-I am, etc., R. MERRYWEATHER Gloucester Vitamin D in Patients on Anticonvulsants SIR,-Dr.Claus Christiansen and others (23 September, p. 738) showed an increase in bone density during treatment with vitamin D in 10 epileptic patients on anticonvulsants.We have previously shown significantly lower values of bone density in a group of nine epileptic women compared with a con- trol group of 10 psychiatric patients resident in the same epileptic colony.'After our initial investigation in June 1971 we reinvestigated our groups of patients in Febru- ary 1972 to find out if there was a seasonal variation in bone density values, but they were unaltered.During the next six months both groups were given calciferol 50,000 IU/day by mouth.Bone density was assessed by gamma-ray osteodensitometry after three and six months of vitamin D treatment.During vitamin D treatment no significant alteration in bone density could be demonstrated, but bone density mean values measured both on the heel and elbow remained significantly lower in the group of epileptic patients.None of the patients showed signs of vitamin D overdosage.The discrepancy between our results and those of Dr. Christiansen and his colleagues mittht be explained by differences in the epileptics studied with respect to sex, age, duration of anticonvulsant therapy, vitamin D dosage, and calcium intake.We are making further studies of bone density in epileptic patients on anticonvulsants during treatment with vitamin D and calcium.-We
Relief of Common Bile Duct Obstruction During the Course of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: ARNOLD F. JACOBSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy performed in a patient suspected of having common bile duct obstruction showed persistence of the hepatic parenchymal phase and no bile duct or gallbladder activity during the first hour of imaging. On endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography examination several hours later, an obstructing gallstone was identified in the common bile duct, and the stone was extracted in conjunction with a papillotomy. Delayed scintigraphic images at 6 hours were unchanged from the earlier views, but imaging at 24 hours showed tracer activity in the small bowel and colon along with persistent hepatic parenchymal activity. These results demonstrate that hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals remain in an excretable form in the liver in patients with complete common duct obstruction, but that resumption of bile flow and tracer excretion does not occur until a number of hours after relief of the obstruction.
Impaired metabolic function and signaling defects in phagocytic cells in glycogen storage disease type 1b.
Authors: L Kilpatrick, B Z Garty, K F Lundquist, K Hunter, C A Stanley, L Baker, S D Douglas, H M Korchak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD) type 1b (1b), in contrast to patients with GSD type 1a (1a), are susceptible to recurrent bacterial infections suggesting an impairment in their immune system. In this study, phagocytic cell (neutrophil and monocyte) respiratory burst activity, as measured by superoxide anion generation, oxygen consumption, and hexose monophosphate shunt activity, was markedly reduced in both neutrophils and monocytes from GSD 1b patients as compared with either GSD 1a patients or healthy adult control cells. Degranulation, unlike respiratory burst activity, was not significantly different in neutrophils from GSD 1b patients as compared with controls. Both neutrophils and monocytes from GSD 1b patients showed decreased ability to elevate cytosolic calcium in response to the chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe. In addition, calcium mobilization in response to ionomycin was also attenuated suggesting decreased calcium stores. Thus, reduced phagocytic cell function in GSD 1b is associated with diminished calcium mobilization and defective calcium stores. Defective calcium signaling is associated with a selective defect in respiratory burst activity but not degranulation.
Double-blind controlled trial of amylopectin sulphate (Depepsen) in the symptomatic treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J H Baron, R J Gribble, D J Holdstock, J J Misiewicz
Journal: Gut (1977)

Abstract In a double-blind controlled trial amylopectin sulphate (Depepsen) had no significant advantage over placebo in the symptomatic treatment of duodenal ulcer.
Abstract 3449: Tungsten induces DNA damage and alters growth of developing B lymphocytes
Authors: Cynthia Guilbert, Luca A. Petruccelli, Koren K. Mann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Tungsten is used widely in modern life in everything from household goods to technologically advanced material. However, little is known about the consequences of tungsten exposure. The lack of information concerning the toxicities associated with tungsten has been highlighted recently when high tungsten levels were discovered at the sites of several pediatric leukemia clusters. In these clusters, the majority of the children developed acute lymphoblastoid leukemia of the preB lymphocyte subtype. Thus, we investigated whether tungsten exposure alters the growth of preB cells and defined signaling pathways induced by tungsten. We exposed a co-culture system of the BU-11 preB cell line grown on BMS2 stromal cells to tungsten at doses found at the sites of the leukemia clusters. Growth, cell cycle, and apoptosis were determined in both cell types. While no significant changes in any of these parameters were observed in the BMS2 stromal cells, tungsten treatment for 48 hours decreased the BU-11 cell number, which correlated with an accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and increased apoptosis. Unlike polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tungsten induced apoptosis in BU-11 cells grown in rIL-7 and therefore, is independent of the stromal cell layer. These results were confirmed in primary murine bone marrow cultures and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Tungsten can polymerize forming polytungstates in water and soil. Interestingly, these polytungstates are significantly more effective at inhibiting growth in BU-11 and BMS2 cells. In order to begin analysis of signaling pathways induced by tungsten, cDNA microarrays were performed in a leukemic cell line following 24 hours of tungsten treatment and integrated pathway analyses were performed. Genes involved in DNA damage and ER stress were highly upregulated following tungsten exposure and validated by qPCR. An increase in DNA damage was confirmed by COMET assay. These results suggest that the developing B lymphocyte population is sensitive to tungsten-induced toxicities and that tungsten exposure may contribute to leukemogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3449.
Activation of Integrin-Linked Kinase Is a Critical Prosurvival Pathway Induced in Leukemic Cells by Bone Marrow–Derived Stromal Cells
Authors: Yoko Tabe, Linhua Jin, Yuko Tsutsumi-Ishii, Yuanyuan Xu, Teresa McQueen, Waldemar Priebe, Gordon B. Mills, Akimichi Ohsaka, Isao Nagaoka, Michael Andreeff, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) directly interacts with β integrins and phosphorylates Akt in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–dependent manner. In this study, we examined the functional role of ILK activation in leukemic and bone marrow stromal cells on their direct contact. Coculture of leukemic NB4 cells with bone marrow–derived stromal mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) resulted in robust activation of multiple signaling pathways, including ILK/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Notch1/Hes. Blockade of PI3K or ILK signaling with pharmacologic inhibitors LY294002 or QLT0267 specifically inhibited stroma-induced phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β, suppressed STAT3 and ERK1/2 activation, and decreased Notch1 and Hes1 expression in leukemic cells. This resulted in induction of apoptosis in both leukemic cell lines and in primary acute myelogenous leukemia samples that was not abrogated by MSC coculture. In turn, leukemic cells growing in direct contact with bone marrow stromal elements induce activation of Akt, ERK1/2, and STAT3 signaling in MSC, accompanied by significant increase in Hes1 and Bcl-2 proteins, which were all suppressed by QLT0267 and LY294002. In summary, our results indicate reciprocal activation of ILK/Akt in both leukemic and bone marrow stromal cells. We propose that ILK/Akt is a proximal signaling pathway critical for survival of leukemic cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Hence, disruption of these interactions by ILK inhibitors represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy to eradicate leukemia in the bone marrow microenvironment by simultaneous targeting of both leukemic cells and activated bone marrow stromal cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(2):684–94]
Influence of nutritional status on immune functions in patients with Crohn's disease.
Authors: A D Harries, V A Danis, R V Heatley
Journal: Gut (1984)

Nutritional status and immune function were correlated with clinical features in 56 patients with Crohn9s disease. These were divided arbitrarily into either undernourished or well nourished groups according to whether their midarm circumference was below or above 90% of ideal standard. Results were also compared with 33 patients with ulcerative colitis and 28 normal subjects. Undernourished patients with Crohn9s disease had significantly reduced total lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts and a reduced proportion of monocytes that ingested latex particles. Well nourished patients with Crohn9s disease were similar to the two control groups. Twenty one undernourished patients with Crohn9s disease were also followed during the course of two to four months9 nutritional treatment with an enteral supplement. Nutritional therapy was associated with significant anthropometric gains as well as significant rises in total lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts. Serum orosomucoids were significantly higher in undernourished patients and decreased significantly during nutritional therapy. The results show that undernutrition and disease acuity may be associated with reduced immunological competence in patients with Crohn9s disease, but all these measurements can be improved by short term nutritional treatment.
THE USE OF THE FINAL HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION IN DIFFERENTIATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS HÆMOLYTICUS OF HUMAN AND BOVINE TYPES
Authors: Oswald T. Avery, Glenn E. Cullen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. Under the conditions of these experiments, there appears to be a distinct and constant difference in the final hydrogen ion concentration of Streptococcus haemolyticus from human and bovine sources. 2. Of 124 strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus from known human origin, 116 reached a final hydrogen ion concentration of from pH 5.0 to 5.3. Only 8 reached a pH more acid than 5.0 and none more acid than pH 4.8. 3. Of 45 strains of Streptococcus haemolyticus from bovine sources, including 26 strains isolated from milk and the udder of cows, and 19 from cream cheese, 40 reached a final hydrogen ion concentration of pH 4.3 to 4.5. Of the remaining 5 which reached a pH of 5.0 to 5.2, two were of known human type and three of uncertain diagnosis. 4. A rapid and practical application of this method is proposed as a presumptive test in the differentiation of human and bovine types of Streptococcus haemolyticus.
The repertoire of λ light chains causing predominant amyloid heart involvement and identification of a preferentially involved germline gene, IGLV1-44
Authors: Vittorio Perfetti, Giovanni Palladini, Simona Casarini, Valentina Navazza, Paola Rognoni, Laura Obici, Rosangela Invernizzi, Stefano Perlini, Catherine Klersy, Giampaolo Merlini
Journal: Blood (2011)
Dog bite-related fatalities from 1979 through 1988
Authors: J. J. Sacks
Journal: JAMA (1989)

By combining data from the National Center for Health Statistics and computerized searching of news stories, we identified 157 dog bite-related fatalities that occurred in the United States from 1979 through 1988. Of the 157 deaths, 70% occurred among children who were less than 10 years of age. The death rate for neonates was almost 370 times that of adults who were 30 to 49 years of age. Pit bull breeds were involved in 42 (41.6%) of 101 deaths where dog breed was reported, almost three times more than German shepherds, the next most commonly reported breed. The proportion of deaths attributable to pit bulls increased from 20% in 1979 and 1980 to 62% in 1987 and 1988. Pit bull attacks were almost twice as likely to be caused by strays as attacks by other breeds. Extrapolated estimates suggest 183 to 204 dog bite-related fatalities from 1979 through 1988. To prevent such deaths, we recommend stronger animal control laws, public education regarding dog bites, and more responsible dog ownership. Parents and physicians should be aware that infants left alone with a dog may be at risk of death.
PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION OF RADIOLABELED ANTIBODY TO hCG FOR TUMOR IMAGING IN HUMANS
Authors: Donald M. Lyster, R. T. Morrison, I. Szasz, None Alcornn, B. Rhodes, K. Breslow, S. Burchiel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Lyster, Donald M.; Morrison, R. T.1; Szasz, I.1; Alcornn, 1; Rhodes, B.2; Breslow, K.2; Burchiel, S.2 Author Information
Rebound Rise in Renin Concentrations after Cessation of Salicylates
Authors: P. M. Brooks, P. A. Cossum, G. W. Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

SALICYLATES are widely used in the treatment of rheumatic disorders, and they have been shown to induce minor changes in renal function.1 2 3 One of the major mechanisms of action of salicylates is the suppression of prostaglandin synthetase activity, 4 and in animal models renal prostaglandin production is closely related to renin release and the regulation of renal blood flow.5 , 6 Indomethacin has been shown to decrease the glomerular filtration rate and to lower plasma renin activity in human beings, 7 , 8 and to reduce the antihypertensive effectiveness of certain beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents.9 We therefore studied the effects of aspirin, another commonly prescribed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, . . .
Left Ventricular Mural Thrombi Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: DAVID J. WEINREICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

To determine the clinical significance of left ventricular thrombi, we used two-dimensional echocardiography to study 261 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. Mural thrombi were found in 46 patients. This complication occurred in 34% (44 of 130) of anterior wall infarctions but in only 1.5% (2 of 131) of inferior wall infarctions. An apical wall motion abnormality was present in all patients with thrombus. Severe depression of left ventricular function was not a prerequisite for thrombus formation: the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 37 +/- 1.5%. Forty-three patients with left ventricular thrombi were followed for a mean duration of 15 months with serial echocardiography. None of the 25 patients who received anticoagulation treatment had an embolic event. Embolization occurred in 7 of 18 patients who had not received anticoagulation treatment. All embolic events occurred within 4 months of infarction. Although anticoagulation treatment appeared to provide protection against embolic events, the prevalence of left ventricular thrombi on follow-up echocardiographic study was essentially the same whether or not this treatment was used.
Abstract 1599: Hydrogen Sulfide Mediates Myocardial Preconditioning via Upregulation of Antioxidant and Anti-Apoptotic Signaling Pathways
Authors: John W Calvert, Saurabh Jha, Susheel Gundewar, Mark R Duranski, David J Lefer
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The emergence of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) as a potent cardioprotective mediator necessitates the elucidation of its cytoprotective mechanisms. Therefore, we evaluated potential mechanisms of H 2 S-mediated cardioprotection using an in vivo model of preconditioning (PC). The H 2 S donor, IK1001 (100 μg/kg), or vehicle was administered to mice via an intravenous injection 24 hours prior to left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Mice were subjected to 45 min of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion for up to 24 hr, during which time the extent of myocardial infarction was evaluated, serum troponin-I levels were measured, and the degree of oxidative stress was assessed. In separate studies, mice were treated with IK1001 and myocardial tissue was collected during both the early (30 min and 2hr) and late (24 hr) PC periods to evaluate potential cellular targets of H 2 S. IK1001 provided profound protection against ischemic injury as evidenced by significant decreases in infarct size, serum troponin-I levels, and oxidative stress. Additional studies revealed that during the early PC period H 2 S increased the nuclear localization of Nrf-2, a transcription factor that regulates the gene expression of a number of antioxidants, and increased the nuclear localization of phosphorylated STAT-3. During the late PC period, H 2 S increased the expression of the antioxidants, Trx-1 and Trx-2, increased the expression of HSP90, HSP70, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL and also inactivated the pro-apoptogen Bad. Our results reveal that the cardioprotective effects of H 2 S are mediated in large part by a combination of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic signaling.
HLA type and risk of alloimmunization in sickle cell disease
Authors: Carolyn Hoppe, William Klitz, Elliott Vichinsky, Lori Styles
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

therefore, accelerating the endothelial turnover.Although the increase in EPCs number in our study did not reach statistical significance, it is a well-known fact that PB EPCs are extremely rare and their mobilization takes place hours after the application of the stimulus, whereas in this study the blood was drawn after about 10 min after the goal of the exercise test was achieved.Our observations on the effects of exercise on the CECs may help to explain the benefits that exercise has on the cardiovascular system, suggesting a role of mechanical factors such as BP on the endothelial renewal in physiological conditions.
PM-22 * GENETICALLY ENGINEERED MOUSE MODELS OF CHOROID PLEXUS TUMORS
Authors: J. Wang, C. Eberhart, D. Ellison, S. Vandenberg, R. Wechsler-Reya
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Choroid plexus tumors are the most common brain tumors in children under one year of age, accounting for up to 20% of brain tumors in that age group. These tumors exhibit a range of malignancies, from relatively benign choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) to extremely aggressive choroid plexus carcinomas (CPCs), which despite intensive therapy, have a dismal prognosis. More effective treatments for these tumors depend on animal models that can be used to study tumor biology. We have created animal models of choroid plexus tumors by crossing mice carrying Cre-inducible alleles of Myc (LSL-MycT58A) and Cre-deletable alleles of p53 (p53flox) to animals that express Cre recombinase in neural stem cells or progenitors (Atoh1-Cre or Blbp-Cre). The progeny of these crosses develop choroid plexus tumors with high penetrance: activation of Myc alone results in CPPs, and concomitant deletion of p53 accelerates tumor growth and malignancy, culminating in formation of CPCs. Histological analysis indicates that mouse CPPs and CPCs resemble their human counterparts, and that CPCs (but not CPPs) exhibit reduced expression of normal choroid plexus epithelial markers and loss of tight junction proteins. Gene expression profiling reveals that CPPs and CPCs have altered expression of cell cycle regulators, and exhibit hallmarks of genomic instability and DNA damage responses. CPCs, but not CPPs, also exhibit abnormal telomere function and have increased expression of stem cell markers and hypoxia-induced genes. These studies provide important insight into the mechanisms of choroid plexus tumorigenesis, and yield valuable animal models that can be used to identify novel therapies for patients with aggressive choroid plexus tumors.
Clinical and Metabolic Studies in Thyroid Disease--I
Authors: E. J. Wayne
Journal: BMJ (1960)

I have chosen for these two lectures a title which will permit me to cover a very wide field, but which compels me, therefore, to be selective in my approach, and I should like first of all to explain what directed my choice of the topics on which I intend to speak.My interest in thyroid disease was first stimulated soon after I qualified, and since then I have seen and taken part in a steady advance in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction.The direction of my investigations has on several occasions been decided by events in my own particular career, and I hope I may be allowed the pleasure of a few reminiscences which will, I think, make clearer to you the shape of the lectures I am privileged to give to the College.An important influence on my career was a period spent as an experimental pharmacologist, since this taught me to look statistically at medical problems.Though it is nearly thirty years ago, Professor A. J. Clark, of Edinburgh, was even at that time emphasizing the great variability of biological material, and in particular the variation which the individual animal may show in its response to drugs.He was a pioneer in demonstrating that statistical methods were necessary to deal with this phenomenon, and he and his successor, Professor J. H. Gaddum, extended the scope of these techniques and applied them to human pharmacology.
The enhancement of dermal papilla cell aggregation by extracellular matrix proteins through effects on cell–substratum adhesivity and cell motility
Authors: Tai-Horng Young, Hui-Ru Tu, Chih-Chieh Chan, Yi-Ching Huang, Meng-Hua Yen, Nai-Chen Cheng, Hsien-Ching Chiu, Sung-Jan Lin
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Primary in vitro cytotoxic response of NZB spleen cells to Qa-1b-associated antigenic determinants.
Authors: R R Rich, D A Sedberry, D L Kastner, L Chu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

We have shown that cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in primary cultures of NZB spleen cells with H-2-identical BALB/c or B10.D2 stimulator cells exhibit specificity for Qa-1b-associated antigenic determinants. This unidirectional cytotoxicity constitutes the initial demonstration of a primary in vitro response to antigens of the Qa-Tla system. Such responses do not require H-2 homology between effector and target cells in the assay system. In fact, when H-2Dd homologous target cells were employed there was little, if any, evidence for development of primary H-2-restricted responses to minor locus histocompatibility antigens or viral antigens. In view of the recently defined role of Qa-1+, Ly-1,2,3+ cells as regulators of antibody responses, and of the deficiency of such cells in NZB mice, the observation of hyperreactivity for determinants of this system may be relevant to the development of autoimmunity in these animals.