tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Counting the cost of alcohol for young people
Authors: C. Court
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Alcohol is at least as great a threat to child health and welfare as drugs, says a joint report from the Royal College of Physicians and the British Paediatric Association. The report outlines the extent of damage resulting from alcohol and makes a number of recommendations concerning parents, young people, and sales and pricing of alcohol.

The report, Alcohol and the Young, makes it clear that the harm caused to young people by alcohol results not only from drinking by …
How informed is signed consent?
Authors: D J Byrne, A Napier, A Cuschieri
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The assurance that patients fully understand the information given to them before they sign the consent form for operation has never been validated in this country. One hundred patients were interviewed by an independent medical observer in one surgical unit in a teaching hospital between two and five days after their operation. Although all the patients interviewed were fully aware that they had had an operation, 27 did not know which organ was operated on and 44 were unaware of the exact nature of the surgical procedure. A significantly higher age group was observed in the group of patients who were unaware of the basic facts relating to their operation, and the problem was encountered most commonly in patients over the age of 60. Because of the medical and legal importance the findings of this pilot study warrant further large scale investigations.
Lichen planus pemphigoides-like lesions induced by cinnarizine
Authors: S. MIYAGAWA, H. OHI, T. MURAMATSU, T. OKUCHI, T. SHIRAI, K. SAKAMOTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A 72-year-old woman developed a lichen planus pemphigoides-like eruption following the administration of cinnarizine. The eruption recurred on challenge with the drug. Direct immunofluorescence studies of the lesions demonstrated deposition of IgG, IgM and C3 on colloid bodies and fibrin at the epidermal basement membrane zone. Circulating IgG antibasement membrane zone antibodies were detected at high titres, with no complement- fixing activities. To our knowledge, this is the first report of immunologically defined lichen planus pemphigoides induced by a drug.
Pulse Oximetry and Supplemental Oxygen During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Critical Review
Authors: C. Holm, J. Rosenberg
Journal: Endoscopy (1996)

A high proportion of the mortality and morbidity associated with endoscopic procedures may be of cardiopulmonary origin. For this reason, the appropriate degree of monitoring and prophylactic measures to be used in the sedated patient undergoing endoscopy has become a topic of discussion during recent years. The development of myocardial ischaemia during gastrointestinal endoscopy has traditionally been considered to be due to the simultaneous arterial hypoxaemia; however, recent investigations have suggested that tachycardia may be a more important pathogenic factor. No study has ever shown that pulse oximetry monitoring or supplemental oxygen will reduce the morbidity or mortality during gastrointestinal endoscopy. The current guidelines for monitoring and oxygen therapy are therefore not supported by scientific data. There is a need for further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms in myocardial ischaemia during endoscopy, and the influence of hypoxaemia on the outcome after upper and lower endoscopy should be clarified.
Do GPs deserve their pay rise?
Authors: Richard Rosin
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—The question whether chief executive officers (CEOs) in both the NHS and the private sector deserve their pay rises is not asked and does not generate articles describing detailed and arbitrary formulas and parameters for pay increases as it was for general practitioners.1 How many grossly inflated severance packages have we seen in recent years given to people, self important people, who have not infrequently received knighthoods for their financial prowess, but who have also presided, with their great acumen, over the failures of several important companies?

Yet general practitioners who see 40 plus patients a day and have to tease out the minor from the major—and heaven help them if something is overlooked, which with that volume is a nigh certainty at some point—are subject to this thicket of performance parameters.

Marx once said that he who controls the means of production controls the means of mental production in a society—that is, the ideology. One thing is clear: doctors are certainly not in control of the ideology related to their own profession. When a doctor fails he or she is subject to scrutiny and discipline and possibly worse. When a CEO fails, it is not failure, and even if it is, well there's always the next trust or company to administer... and maybe even ruin. But then there's that richly deserved severance package.
Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Myocardial Infarction Risk
Authors: Darryl P. Leong, Andrew Smyth, Koon K. Teo, Martin McKee, Sumathy Rangarajan, Prem Pais, Lisheng Liu, Sonia S. Anand, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Although moderate alcohol use is associated with protection against myocardial infarction (MI), it is not known whether this effect is generalizable to populations worldwide. It is also uncertain whether differences in the pattern of alcohol use (and in particular heavy episodic consumption) between different regions negate any beneficial effect. Methods and Results— We included 12 195 cases of first MI and 15 583 age- and sex-matched controls from 52 countries. Current alcohol use was associated with a reduced risk of MI (compared with nonusers: adjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.94; P =0.001); however, the strength of this association was not uniform across different regions (region-alcohol interaction P &lt;0.001). Heavy episodic drinking (≥6 drinks) within the preceding 24 hours was associated with an increased risk of MI (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.9; P =0.01). This risk was particularly elevated in older individuals (for age &gt;65 years: odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–18; P =0.008). Conclusions— In most participants, low levels of alcohol use are associated with a moderate reduction in the risk of MI; however, the strength of this association may not be uniform across different countries. An episode of heavy drinking is associated with an increased risk of acute MI in the subsequent 24 hours, particularly in older individuals.
Phospholamban and sarcolipin are maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum by retrieval from the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment
Authors: J BUTLER, A LEE, D WILSON, C SPALLUTO, N HANLEY, J EAST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Phospholamban and sarcolipin are small transmembrane proteins that modulate cardiac contractility through their interaction with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pumps (SERCAs). We have examined the hypothesis that phospholamban and sarcolipin are maintained in the SR by a process of retrieval from post-SR compartments and the role of their transmembrane domains in targeting.Antibodies directed against phospholamban and protein markers of the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the trans-Golgi were used in fluorescence microscopy studies of cultured human fetal cardiac myocytes. In addition, sarcolipin and phospholamban were tagged at the N-terminus with enhanced-green-fluorescent protein (EGFP) and expressed in COS 7 cells. The EGFP-tagged constructs were localised using fluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation. The length of the transmembrane domains of phospholamban and sarcolipin were extended and the effect on cellular location was also examined.In fetal cardiac myocytes phospholamban was located in the SR and the ERGIC, but did not migrate to the trans-Golgi network. Tagged-phospholamban and sarcolipin were located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of COS 7 cells indicating that their targeting was unaffected by the EGFP tag. Significant proportions of the tagged phospholamban and sarcolipin were also located in the ERGIC but not in the trans-Golgi. Increasing the length of the transmembranous domains of EGFP-tagged phospholamban and sarcolipin resulted in their mis-targeting to the plasma membrane.Phospholamban and sarcolipin are maintained in the SR/ER by a process that includes their retrieval from the ERGIC following their passage from the SR/ER into the ERGIC. The transmembrane domains of phospholamban and sarcolipin are involved in the retrieval process.
Immunoadsorption and CD20 antibody treatment in a patient with treatment resistant systemic lupus erythematosus and preterminal renal insufficiency
Authors: J Rech
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Treatment options in severe progressive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are limited and associated with serious potential side effects, such as cytotoxicity, immunosuppression or metabolic imbalances. As SLE is characterised by quantitative and qualitative abnormalities of B cell functions, we reasoned that a combination of extracorporeal therapy (immunoadsorption)1 with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to CD20 to deplete the circulating B cell pool2–4 might be beneficial in the treatment of refractory severe SLE.

A 49 year old white man who was diagnosed for SLE with primary renal, cardiac, and pulmonary disease in 1989, presented in August 2004. The disease was highly active (European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) score 5, pancytopenia, raised anti-dsDNA antibodies, markedly …
Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

his is the first of a series of articles based on presentations at the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 70th Scientific Sessions held on 25-29 June 2010 in Orlando, Florida, pertaining to thiazolidinedione(s) (TZD) and to approaches to insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes.At a symposium on the role of TZD, Thomas Buchanan (Los Angeles, CA) discussed the b-cell benefits of TZD and their action to slow the progression of diabetes.Clinically, the agents increase body fat, acting to increase appetite, but making fat "behave better" and leading to a reduction in insulin resistance and improved glycemia.TZDs alter circulating lipids, lower blood pressure, reduce coronary artery restenosis after percutaneous intervention, and decrease ultrasonographic progression of carotid and coronary artery disease but increase the risk of distal extremity (and perhaps other skeletal) fracture and of congestive heart failure.They may alter the risk of acute occlusive events.To set the stage for understanding the TZD effect on b-cell function, Buchanan reviewed the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.The product of the two parameters, the disposition index, decreases as diabetes develops.Cross-sectional data suggest that, as the fasting glucose increases from under 100 to 100-140 and again from 140 to 180 mg/dL, there is particularly great deterioration in b-cell function, with lesser deterioration as glucose levels increase further (1).Buchanan reviewed his studies, comparing those who had developed diabetes with those who had not after having had gestational diabetes.There was a nonlinear relationship between reduction in b-cell function and elevations in glucose
Initial impedance predicts temperature during radiofrequency catheter ablation
Authors: E. Nsah, R.D. Berger, L.S. Rosenthal, R. Hui, B. Ramza, P.J. Jumrussirikul, J.H. Lawrence, G.F. Tomaselli, D. Kass, H. Calkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Outcome and management of HCV/HIV coinfection pre- and post-liver transplantation. A 2015 update
Authors: Jose M. Miro, Peter Stock, Elina Teicher, Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Norah Terrault, Antoni Rimola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Liver transplantation is increasingly performed in selected HIV-infected patients in most developed countries, with excellent results reported in patients with liver diseases unrelated to HCV. In contrast, survival in HCV/HIV-coinfected liver recipients is poorer than in HCV-monoinfected patients, due to more aggressive recurrence of HCV and consequent graft loss and death. Results from American, French, and Spanish cohort studies showed a 5-year survival rate of only 50-55%. Therefore, it is debated whether liver transplantation should be offered to HCV/HIV-coinfected patients. Studies have shown that the variables more consistently associated with poor outcome are: (1) the use of old or HCV-positive donors, (2) dual liver-kidney transplantation, (3) recipients with very low body mass index and (4) less site experience. However, the most effective factor influencing transplantation outcome is the successful treatment of HCV recurrence with anti-HCV. Survival is 80% in patients whose HCV infection resolves. Unfortunately, the rates of sustained virological response with pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin in coinfected recipients are low, particularly for genotype 1 (only 10%). Here we present a non-systematic review of the literature based on our own experience in different liver transplant scenarios. This review covers selection criteria in HIV-infected patients, pre- and post-LT management, donor selection, anti-HCV treatment, drug interactions with antiretrovirals and anti-HCV direct antiviral agents, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver retransplantation. Recommendations are rated. Finally, we explain how the introduction of new effective and more tolerable direct antiviral agents may improve significantly the outcome of HCV/HIV-coinfected liver recipients.
Sex differences among recipients of benzodiazepines in Dutch general practice.
Authors: F W van der Waals, J Mohrs, M Foets
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To analyse sex differences among recipients of benzodiazepines in Dutch general practice. DESIGN--Study of consultations and associated interventions as recorded in the Dutch national survey of general practice. SETTING--Practices of 45 general practitioners monitored during 1 April to 30 June 1987. SUBJECTS--61,249 patients (29,035 (47.4%) men in the age groups 19-44, 45-64, and 65 years and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Symptoms among recipients of repeat as well as new benzodiazepine prescriptions stratified by sex and age. RESULTS--Prescriptions for benzodiazepines were found to be significantly more common among women than among men, (a) after correcting for the sex distribution of the total patient population, and (b) in the two oldest age groups after correcting for the number of consultations. Of all prescriptions for benzodiazepines, 89% (6055/6777) were repeats and 70% (4759/6777) requests. Only 9% (439/4759) of these were authorized by the general practitioner, the rest being issued by the general practitioner9s assistant after he or she had referred to the diagnosis in the patient9s record. In contrast, only three (1%) of the 492 first time recipients of benzodiazepines had requested a prescription and were not seen by the general practitioner. Women (43/96; 45%) aged 45-64 years received their first prescription for benzodiazepines almost twice as often as men (15/63; 24%) without symptoms or a diagnosis being an indication (female to male relative risk 1.88 (95% confidence interval 1.15 to 3.08)). CONCLUSIONS--The sex difference among first time recipients of benzodiazepines seems to be due to general practitioners being less stringent when prescribing this drug for women. The difference continues in repeat prescriptions, physicians failing to check adequately the need for these.
The Leprosy Conference.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1897)

New York, March 15, 1897. <h3>Dear Dr. Lassar:</h3> :—I have to acknowledge the receipt of a letter from your Secretary General, Dr. Ehlers, by which I am invited to contribute a general sketch on the distribution and geographic extension of leprosy. In reply thereto I have the honor to observe that you will find about everything that I could say on the subject in my writings, some of which I sent you, with references to others which I did not send you. I do not see that there is any use of further talk about the distribution and geographic extension of leprosy. All these things are on record, and nothing is easier for any person anxious to obtain some light on any subject connected with this question than to consult what all good libraries offer. Allow me to express once more an opinion which I have declared during the
HERPES ZOSTER AND VARICELLA
Authors: A. C. ROXBURGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1923)

Journal Article HERPES ZOSTER AND VARICELLA Get access A. C. ROXBURGH, M.D., M.R.C.P. A. C. ROXBURGH, M.D., M.R.C.P. Chief Assistant, Skin‐Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 35, Issue 4, 1 April 1923, Pages 152–153, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1923.tb09099.x Published: 01 April 1923
Abstract 1672: Population prevalence of consensus translocations in follicular and mantle cell lymphomas
Authors: Carsten Hirt, Manuela Meier, Kelly Yu, Frank Schüler, Siegfried Janz, Gottfried Dölken, Charles S. Rabkin
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Chromosomal translocations t(14;18)(q32;q21) of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 and t(11;14)(q13;q32) of the cell cycle regulatory gene cyclin D1 are hallmark mutations of follicular lymphoma (FL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), respectively, both driven by the enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene cluster IGH. These same translocations have also been detected at low frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of clinically normal individuals, but association with risk of subsequent lymphoma remains to be determined. We therefore evaluated consensus PCR assays for these translocations towards development of potential blood screening tests of lymphoma risk. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were retrieved from 62 FL and 17 MCL diagnosed during a large population-based cancer screening trial. Lymphoma DNA was isolated from scrapings off glass slides and assessed for quality and quantity by quantitative real-time PCR amplification of the single copy reference gene KRAS. Samples were divided into three aliquots and tested with consensus primers to detect translocations within either the Major Breakpoint Region (MBR) on chromosome 18 or the Major Translocation Cluster (MTC) on chromosome 11, as appropriate. For MBR-positive reactions, PCR fragment length was estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Overall, 21 (34%) of 62 FL and 7 (44%) of 16 MCL were PCR-positive for the consensus translocation sequences. Translocation detection was highly dependent upon testing an adequate quantity of DNA, with 21 (45%) PCR-positives among 47 FL samples of at least 500 diploid genome equivalents vs. 0 (0%) positives among the remaining 15 FL (p&amp;lt;.001). PCR fragment lengths were identical from replicate assays for all but one MBR-positive sample, which yielded two products differing by 30 base pairs. Within the FL group, PCR-positivity did not significantly differ among Working Formulation histologies, including 2 (15%) of 13 mixed small cleaved and large cell FL, 5 (36%) of 14 small cleaved cell FL, 6 (55%) of 11 large cell FL, 1 (100%) of 1 centroblastic lymphoma and 7 (30%) of 23 FL not otherwise specified. We confirmed that nearly half of FL and MCL with adequate samples in this population-based cohort study have consensus translocation sequences. Thus, translocation presence and/or frequency in stored pre-diagnostic PBL can be usefully examined for associations with risk of subsequent lymphoma. FL- and MCL-associated translocations in PBL are a potential target for cancer risk prediction and preventive intervention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1672. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1672
ACCURACY OF AORTIC ANNULI MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED FROM THREE-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING USING AN IN VITRO MODEL
Authors: Wendy Tsang, Michael G. Bateman, Lynn Weinert, Gian Pellegrini, Victor Mor-Avi, Lissa Sugeng, Hubert Yeung, Amit R. Patel, Alexander J. Hill, Paul A. lazzo, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Norepinephrine (NE) increases the susceptibility of thermally injured mice (Ti-Mice) to sepsis through the inhibition of CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3/macrophage inflammatory protein 1α) production
Authors: H. Takahashi, M. Kobayashi, D.N. Herndon, R.B. Pollard, F. Suzuki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Long-term combination therapy of ezetimibe and acarbose for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Yuichi Nozaki, Koji Fujita, Masato Yoneda, Koichiro Wada, Yoshiyasu Shinohara, Hirokazu Takahashi, Hiroyuki Kirikoshi, Masahiko Inamori, Kensuke Kubota, Satoru Saito, Tetsuya Mizoue, Naohiko Masaki, Yoji Nagashima, Yasuo Terauchi, Atsushi Nakajima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Targeted Therapy of VEGFR2 and EGFR Significantly Inhibits Growth of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in an Orthotopic Murine Model
Authors: Maria K. Gule, Yunyun Chen, Daisuke Sano, Mitchell J. Frederick, Ge Zhou, Mei Zhao, Zvonimir L. Milas, Chad E. Galer, Ying C. Henderson, Samar A. Jasser, David L. Schwartz, James A. Bankson, Jeffrey N. Myers, Stephen Y. Lai
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal human cancers with a median survival of 6 months. The inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alone, or with VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), represents an attractive approach for treatment of ATC. Several reports have examined agents that target these receptors. However, with the misidentification of as many as 60% of all commonly used ATC cell lines, the significance of these past findings is unclear. Experimental Design: Cell lines authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling were selected to establish xenograft tumors in an orthotopic murine model of ATC. These mice were then treated with vandetanib to evaluate its effects on ATC tumor growth. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI was utilized to measure the impact of vandetanib on tumor vasculature. Results: Vandetanib inhibited tumor growth of the ATC cell lines Hth83 and 8505C in vivo by 69.3% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 66.6% (P &amp;lt; 0.05), respectively, when compared with control. Significant decreases in vascular permeability (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and vascular volume fraction (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were detected by DCE-MRI in the orthotopic xenograft tumors after 1 week of treatment with vandetanib as compared with control. Conclusion: The inhibition of EGFR and VEGFR2 by vandetanib and its tremendous in vivo antitumor activity against ATC make it an attractive candidate for further preclinical and clinical development for the treatment of this particularly virulent cancer, which remains effectively untreatable. Vandetanib disrupts angiogenesis and DCE-MRI is an effective method to quantify changes in vascular function in vivo. Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2281–91. ©2011 AACR.