tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of autoimmunity by toll-like receptor ligands
Authors: A. Limmer, Ruth Ganss, N. Garbi, B. Arnold, G.J. Hammerling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

ealthy individuals are known to harbour self-specific T cells against a variety of immunodominant selfpeptides-for example, myelin-basic protein (MBP) peptides.Yet, autoimmunity in a given individual is a rare event indicating that the self-reactive cells are somehow prevented from inflicting damage. 1 Various experiments in which transgenic animals express both peripheral antigen and its cognate T cell receptor (TCR) have demonstrated that these self-antigens and their respective T cells are able to coexist without eliciting tissue damage. 2-4Similarly, in patients and mice with tumours that express specific antigens the tumours continue to grow in the presence of antigen specific T cells. 5-8These studies therefore suggest that the mere coexistence of an antigen and its cognate T cell is not in itself sufficient to produce an immune response which can subsequently eliminate the cells expressing the selfantigen.This coexistence raises several crucial questions-for example:N What does it take to shift the balance from tolerant coexistence of autoreactive T cells and self-antigens to autoimmune destruction?
Performance of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Christine Cassel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Feb 13 issue ofThe Journal, Melvin Shapiro, MD (1981;245:577), sets forth guidelines for restricting the performance of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Such concern over who should do endoscopy is complicated by the fact that it remains unclear who should get endoscopy. A recent article in The<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i><sup>1</sup>documents well the financial incentives of technical procedures that could be confounding the issue. In the current political situation it is quite likely there will be severe cutbacks in federally funded third-party payment for medically indigent patients. In addition, they will be barred from hospital settings as more and more public hospitals are responding to the economic crunch by instituting preadmission financial screening in all but the most extreme emergencies. If gastrointestinal endoscopy is truly an important health care modality that should be performed only by highly trained specialists, then it can be seen as
Cancer surveillance in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Nataliya Razumilava, Gregory J. Gores, Keith D. Lindor
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic fibroinflammatory syndrome involving the biliary tract, often accompanied by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This syndrome is a prototype disease linking chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis. Indeed, PSC is associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and colorectal cancer. Herein, we review the risk for these malignancies in PSC and discuss rational cancer surveillance strategies for these patients. Where evidence is limited, we suggest a pragmatic approach. In this regard, we recommend interval screening for CCA with noninvasive imaging modalities and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 determinations annually. These imaging studies also serve to screen for gallbladder cancer and HCC. Screening for colorectal cancer is more firmly established in PSC patients with IBD and includes colonoscopy at the time of PSC diagnosis and, thereafter, at 1-2-year intervals. We also highlight areas where more information is required, such as management of biliary tract dysplasia and cancer chemoprevention in PSC.
Instruction in Psychiatry.
Authors: F. X. Dercum
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Philadelphia, May 28, 1904. <h3>To the Editor;</h3> —In your editorial of to-day's issue ofThe Journalon "Instruction in Psychiatry," you failed to make any mention of the instruction which has been given for a number of years past in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. In the session of 1897-98 a systematic course, clinical and didactic, was given by myself, extending over the college term, beginning in the fall and continuing until the close of the college session; this course was voluntary. In the following year, that is in the session of 1898-99, attendance on these lectures became obligatory. In 1900 neurology and psychiatry were elevated to the position of a major branch, and an examination was required at the end of the session. The instruction is both didactic and clinical, the large number of cases in the insane department of the Philadelphia Hospital yielding abundant material for the
A third way? England yes; Scotland maybe
Authors: G. Parston, L. McMahon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Much of the comment on the white paper so far has ignored general intention and focused on details of employment, cash flow, and management-or rather the lack of them. Little is being said about the government's bold attempt to construct “a third way” between old bureaucratic command and control systems and the fragmentation and distortions of the internal market. This new path will effectively result in the creation of nationalised health maintenance organisations, led by clinicians but focused on population health. Yet the most commentators seem to be preoccupied with questions about “How do they expect to…?” without much understanding of “Why?”

The English health maintenance organisation idea makes a lot of sense; moreover, the lack of detail at this stage is a positive feature. If there is anything to be learnt from the past two decades it is that changing a complex organisation like the NHS is …
Botulism and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Paul Pottgen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor. —  In their article on infant botulism (237:1946, 1977) Arnon et al state that initial diagnosis of infant botulism included failure to thrive, sepsis, dehydration, viral infection, idiopathic hypotonia, myasthenia gravis, poliomyelitis, meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, neoplastic disease, acute infantile polyneuropathy, and various hereditary and metabolic disorders.  This same list of disease entities could also refer to some of the proposed causes of sudden infant death. 1   We have believed for some time that botulism is related to some cases of sudden infant death and have implicated the food source. 2 And the very fact that there have been no reported cases of infant botulism causing death leads us to believe that some cases of sudden infant death have indeed been caused by this agent. Certainly it is odd at best that between 1962 and 1967 the national Communicable Disease Center (CDC) reported no deaths in ten cases
GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED HEALTH INSURANCE AND LACK OF INSURANCE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ADVERSE CARDIAC EVENTS
Authors: Michael Angelo Gaglia, Rebecca Torguson, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Zhenyi Xue, Itsik Ben-Dor, Sara D. Collins, Asimir I. Syed, Gabriel Maluenda, Cedric Delhaye, Kohei Wakabayashi, Nicholas N. Hanna, William O. Suddath, Kenneth M. Kent, Lowell F. Satler, Augusto D. Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Richard Greenwood Denniss
Authors: N. Denniss
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Huddersfield Royal Infirmary (b Leeds 1916; q Leeds 1938; FRCS Ed, FRCOG), died from a heart attack on 2 July 2002.

After qualifying and a year in general practice, he joined the Royal Air Force and was posted to Sri Lanka, where he remained throughout the second world war. On returning home in 1946 he did short periods in general practice followed by various obstetric appointments, becoming a registrar at St James's Hospital, Leeds. He was appointed a consultant in obstetrics and gynaecology at the Huddersfield Royal Infirmary in 1959. An enthusiastic golfer, he loved travel, sports, music, and the theatre. After retirement he lived in West Cork in Ireland in a house purchased years ago as a retreat from the stresses of work. He leaves a wife, Nuala.
The Straight Back Syndrome
Authors: ANTONIO C. DE LEON, JOSEPH K. PERLOFF, HOMER TWIGG, MASSOUD MAJD
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Analysis of the cardiovascular manifestations caused by loss of thoracic kyphosis has been incomplete. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate the physical signs and the electrocardiographic, radiologic, hemodynamic, and pulmonary ventilatory features of this skeletal defect. Twenty-three patients with straight thoracic spines in lateral chest x-rays were selected. Ratios of anteroposterior to transthoracic dimensions were uniformly below a mean derived from 100 normal subjects. Cardiac features included pulmonic ejection murmurs, palpable left parasternal systolic impulses, loud delayed sounds of tricuspid valve closure, exaggerated respiratory splitting of the second heart sound, vertical electrical axes, rSr' patterns in leads V 1 or aV R , radiologic prominence of the pulmonary arteries, levodisplacement of the heart, a "pancake" cardiac configuration simulating cardiomegaly, occasional alterations in height or contour of the right ventricular diastolic pressure pulse, and an occasional mild pulmonary ventilatory restrictive defect. Differential diagnoses principally included atrial septal defect, mild pulmonic stenosis, and idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery.
Cutaneous xanthogranulomatous inflammation: a potential indicator of internal disease
Authors: S. ROGERS, D.N. SLATER, J.A. ANDERSON, M.A. PARSONS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Cutaneous xanthogranulomatous inflammation in usually regarded as a primary disease process. We describe two patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and nephro-cutaneous fistulae, one patient with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and a chole-cutaneous fistula and one patient with xanthogranulomatous appendicitis and appendiceal-cutaneous fistula. After the first case, awareness that cutaneous xanthogranulomatous inflammation can be secondary to related internal disease played a vital diagnostic role in the subsequent cases.
Deep Hypothermia in Pediatric Surgery
Authors: Robert J. White
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Deep Hypothermia for Infant Open Heart Surgery: Pros and Cons" in the MEDICAL NEWS section ofThe Journal(241:2585, 1979) was an extremely well-designed presentation of the controversy in this area. It is well, however, to remind readers and, most particularly, cardiac surgeons that this whole problem of the effect of low temperature phenomenon on the CNS was researched very heavily in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when total body cooling techniques were employed for intracranial vascular surgery. In the laboratory, these studies were conducted in adult animals, and the clinical procedure was carried out in an adult population. Those of us who were involved in both the experimental and clinical phases of this early work on deep hypothermia and the brain came away with the distinct impression that intracerebral temperatures of 15 °C or lower, along with periods of circulatory arrest between
Role of intrarenal angiotensin II and alpha-adrenoceptors in renal vasoconstriction with acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis in conscious dogs.
Authors: C E Rose, J E Vance, W S Dacus, V L Brashers, M J Peach, R M Carey
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

To evaluate our previous observation of renal vasoconstriction during combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis preceded by acute hypoxemia, we studied 13 conscious mongrel uninephrectomized dogs with chronic renal catheters and controlled sodium intake (80 meq/day for 4 days). Five dogs were studied during combined acute hypoxemia (PaO2, 37 +/- 1 mm Hg) and hypercapnic acidosis (PaCO2, 59 +/- 1 mm Hg; pH 7.20 +/- 0.01). Each dog was studied during infusion of 1) the intrarenal vehicle (n = 5), 2) the intrarenal alpha 1-antagonist prazosin (0.2 micrograms.kg-1.min-1, n = 5), 3) intrarenal [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II (70 ng.kg-1.min-1, n = 5), and 4) intrarenal prazosin and [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II (n = 4). Immediate induction of combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis after control measurements during intrarenal vehicle infusion resulted in a decrease in effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, increase in renal vascular resistance, and decrease in filtered sodium load in the first 20 minutes of the blood gas derangement. Intrarenal administration of [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II failed to reverse the effects of the combined blood gas derangement on renal function. In contrast, intrarenal prazosin administration either alone or in combination with [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II abrogated the increase in renal vascular resistance, decrease in glomerular filtration rate, and fall in filtered sodium load. These studies identify a major role for alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the renal vasoconstriction during combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis.
Plasma Protein Measurements as a Diagnostic Aid
Authors: Chester A. Alper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

PLASMA contains over 100 individual proteins, each with a specific function or set of functions, each under separate genetic control, and each subject to specific variation in concentration under various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. Their normal concentrations cover an enormous range from a few micrograms to several grams per 100 ml of plasma. The plasma proteins function as enzymes, proteinase inhibitors, antibodies, clotting factors, complement components, kinin precursors and transport substances for hormones, vitamins, metals, lipids and other substances necessary for normal body function.It has become possible to measure the concentrations of plasma proteins as a practical aid in . . .
Insulin Antagonist of Pituitary Origin in Plasma of Normal and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: P. Zimmet, F. M. Ng, J. Bornstein, J. McD. Armstrong, H. P. Taft
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Studies on ultrafiltrates of the plasma of normal and diabetic subjects have shown that a polypeptide of similar characteristics to the growth-hormone-derived polypeptide In-G is present in higher concentrations in diabetic subjects, thus indicating a possible role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The polypeptide is absent from the plasma of hypophysectomized diabetic patients.
Interferon-alpha therapy for chronic myelogenous leukemia during pregnancy
Authors: Mika Kuroiwa, Hisashi Gondo, Kenji Ashida, Tomohiko Kamimura, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Yoshiyuki Niho, Kiyomi Tsukimori, Hitoshi Nakano, Shouichi Ohga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)
Abstract 2769: Evaluation of PPP2R2A as a prostate cancer susceptibility gene: Comprehensive germline and somatic study
Authors: Yu Cheng, Wennuan Liu, Jishan Sun, Seong-Tae Kim, Lingyi Lu, Jielin Sun, Siqun Zheng, William B. Isaacs, Jianfeng Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract PPP2R2A, a gene mapped to 8p21.2, encodes α isoform of the regulatory B55 subfamily of the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). PP2A is one of the four major Ser/Thr phosphatases, and is implicated in the negative control of cell growth and division. Because of its known functions and its location within a chromosomal region where evidence for linkage and somatic loss of heterozygosity were found, we hypothesized that either germline sequence variants or somatic copy number changes in PPP2R2A may increase prostate cancer (PCa) risk. To address this, we first sequenced PPP2R2A in 96 probands of hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) families recruited at John Hopkins Hospital; each family had at least three first-degree relatives affected with prostate cancer. Twenty-five germ-line variants were identified in this analysis, including 15 known SNPs and 10 new sequence variants. Most new sequence variants were rare, except 2 new sequence variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.05 (−482T/C MAF=0.072 and -78C/G MAF=0.058). Thereafter, it was less likely that these sequence variants of PPP2R2A would be co-segregated with PCa. Second, to see if there are any genetic variants in PPP2R2A associated with sporadic PCa, we analyzed 10 SNPs of 15 known SNPs that span the complete PPP2R2A gene in Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility (CGEMS, 737 cases and 1,105 controls) and in Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS, 498 cases and 494 controls) from a Sweden population, as genotypes of these 10 SNPs had already been available in both studies. No consistent significant differences in the allele and genotype frequencies were observed among these sporadic PCa cases and controls. Finally, we examined the deletion status in 141 clinical PCa samples from John Hopkins using Affymetrix 6.0 SNP arrays. With the allele-specific analysis of intensities from all paired tumor and normal tissue samples, it was found that PPP2R2A was commonly (67.1%) deleted in these tumor samples including a homozygous deletion in 3 tumors (2.1%). These results suggest that somatic deletion rather than germline sequence variants of PPP2R2A may play a more important role in prostate cancer susceptibility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2769. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2769
Clinical Practice in Pediatric Radiology, vol 1: Heart and Great Vessels; vol 2: The Respiratory System
Authors: Jeremiah Kelleher
Journal: JAMA (1980)

These two volumes, originally published in French as part of the<i>Traité de Radiodiagnostic</i>by Masson, Paris, are now published in English with a translation by Dr Herbert J. Kaufmann. The contributing authors are all eminent French physicians, and the series was under the general direction of the late Jacques Lefebvre. Volume one,<i>Heart and Great Vessels</i>, begins with a chapter on methods of investigation and on radiologic anatomy. A useful and comprehensive section covers developmental anatomy and embryology. Congenital heart disease presenting mainly in the neonate, is dealt with in a separate chapter. There are descriptions of the radiology of left-to-right shunts, of abnormalities of the left side of the heart, and of malformations of the pulmonary vasculature. There is a section on anomalies of the aortic arch and assorted lesions, including the follow-up of operated lesions. The second volume,<i>The Respiratory System</i>, also begins with methods of investigation
NOTES Hybrid Transvaginal Radical Nephrectomy for Tumor: Stepwise Progression Toward a First Successful Clinical Case
Authors: Rene Sotelo, Robert de Andrade, Golena Fernández, Daniel Ramirez, Eugenio Di Grazia, Oswaldo Carmona, Otto Moreira, Andre Berger, Monish Aron, Mihir M. Desai, Inderbir S. Gill
Journal: European Urology (2009)
DO PATIENTS UNDERGOING ELECTIVE PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION DISTINGUISH THE TYPE OF STENT THEY RECEIVE? A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: M. Fuad Jan, Naoyo Mori, Harold Elias, Hina Mahboob, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Postcards from the edge
Authors: Ian Cross
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Interested general practitioners may be the key to providing continuity of care to patients who self harm.1,2

I am a general practitioner working in an inner city practice that serves many university students. The hospital emergency department sends a notification of attendance to the general practitioner of all patients who visit hospital having deliberately harmed themselves. Our general practice automatically sends letters inviting these patients to make a double appointment to see one of us so that we can provide local follow up and support. We asked the emergency department to be more precise when describing lacerations—accidental or deliberate—so we could target the correct group. About half the patients respond. About half the patients are already known to us as having mental health problems.
Prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis after adenovirus-mediated transfer of the bacterial bleomycin resistance gene.
Authors: P L Tran, J Weinbach, P Opolon, G Linares-Cruz, J P Reynes, A Grégoire, E Kremer, H Durand, M Perricaudet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

A serious limitation in the use of the DNA-cleaving, antitumoral-antibiotic, bleomycin during chemotherapy is pulmonary toxicity. Lung injury induced by bleomycin is characterized by an increased deposition of interstitial extracellular matrix proteins in the alveolar wall that compromises respiratory function. Several drugs have been tested in animal models to prevent the pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin, but have not led to a useful clinical treatment because of their adverse effects on other tissues. We have shown that transgenic mice expressing Streptoalloteichus hindustanus (Sh) ble bleomycin resistance protein in pulmonary epithelial cells in the lungs are protected against bleomycin-induced toxicity in lungs. In the present study, we used intranasal administration by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the bleomycin resistance Sh ble gene to mouse lung for prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We constructed recombinant adenoviruses Ad.CMVble and Ad.RSVble harboring the bleomycin resistance Sh ble gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus early promoter and the Rous sarcoma virus early promoter, respectively. Transgene expression was detected in epithelia of conducting airways and alveolar septa by immunostaining with a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against the bleomycin resistance protein and persisted for the duration of drug treatment; i.e., up to 17 d. No toxic effect was seen in adenovirus-treated mice. Pretreatment of mice with Ad.CMVble or Ad.RSVble completely prevented collagen deposition 42-133 d after bleomycin treatment, as measured by lung OH-proline content. Histologic studies indicated that there was little or no lung injury in the adenovirus/bleomycin-treated mice compared with the bleomycin-treated mice. These observations may lead to new approaches for the prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Points: Switching from private to NHS treatment
Authors: C. R Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1984)

known inhibitors of the enzyme-for example, isoniazide.Isoniazide interferes with the ALA- synthase coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate, and, chronically administered, has a potent inhibitory effect on the hepatic enzyme in guinea pigS.2 3 I know of no trial concerning the effect of the drug in acute porphyria, either clinical or experimental.
Incentives for GPs to cut emergency admissions could lead to "target culture," warns GP leader
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A plan to tie a proportion of the funding for clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) to reductions in “avoidable” admissions to hospital of patients with long term conditions risks distorting priorities and creating a new “target culture,” a senior doctors’ leader has warned.

A quarter of the new “quality premium” incentive payment paid to new commissioning organisations in England from 2014-15 would depend on their achieving a reduction or no change in emergency admissions for specific conditions between 2013-14 and 2014-15, says draft guidance from the NHS Commissioning Board.1

The money allocated to the premium, proposed as part of the UK government’s changes to healthcare,2 will be determined after parliament sets regulations in the next few months. It will be paid on top of each commissioning group’s main financial allocation for 2014-15 and the running costs allowance of £25 (€30; $40) per head …