tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption Is Unchanged but Efficiency Is Reduced in Patients With Essential Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Hanna Laine, Chietsugu Katoh, Matti Luotolahti, Hannele Yki-Järvinen, Ilkka Kantola, Antti Jula, Teemu O. Takala, Ulla Ruotsalainen, Hidehiro Iida, Merja Haaparanta, Pirjo Nuutila, Juhani Knuuti
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are prone to develop heart failure. We tested the hypothesis that compensatory LVH is associated with normalization of myocardial oxygen consumption and that this occurs at the expense of a decrease in the ratio between cardiac work and oxygen consumption (efficiency). Methods and Results —Nine hypertensive men with LVH (LVH+) (age 42±2 years), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) 161±8 g/m 2 , blood pressure (BP) 145±16/88±10 mm Hg (mean±SD); 8 hypertensive men without LVH (LVH−) (age 39±5 years, LVMI 107±15 g/m 2 , BP 140±15/90±11 mm Hg); and 10 normotensive men (CONT) were studied. Myocardial blood flow, oxygen consumption, and glucose uptake were measured during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia using PET techniques. LV dimensions, volumes, and workload were determined by echocardiography, and efficiency was calculated. Myocardial workload (2.5±0.8 versus 3.0±0.6 versus 2.3±0.5 mm Hg · mL · min −1 · g −1 for CONT versus LVH− versus LVH+; P &lt;0.05, LVH− versus LVH+), myocardial blood flow (0.84±0.16 versus 1.06±0.22 versus 0.81±0.09 mL · g −1 · min, respectively; P &lt;0.05, LVH− versus other groups) and oxygen consumption (0.09±0.02 versus 0.14±0.03 versus 0.11±0.01 ml · g −1 · min −1 , respectively; P &lt;0.05, LVH− versus other groups) were increased in the LVH− group. Myocardial efficiency was reduced in the LVH+ group (18.1±4.1% versus 15.1±2.3% versus 13.5±1.9%, respectively; P &lt;0.05, LVH+ versus CONT). Conclusions —Myocardial oxygen consumption per unit weight is increased in hypertensive patients without LVH but is normal in those with LVH. The normalization of oxygen consumption via hypertrophy occurs at the expense of efficiency, which may predispose hypertensive patients with LVH to heart failure.
The Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, 1090-1990.
Authors: J H Baron
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Hospital centenaries are so common that the BMJ rarely allots them more than a sentence or two on Minerva's page.But when a hospital has flourished on the same site for a thousand years'3; when its organisation, function, structure, and beauty were once an ideal European model; and when it has remarkable murals of late mediaeval charitable and medical life,'24 then some celebratory article seems indicated, particularly because the hospital transfers this year to new buildings.
Accelerated direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells with the MyoD transactivation domain
Authors: Hiroyuki Hirai, Nobuko Katoku-Kikyo, Susan A. Keirstead, Nobuaki Kikyo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Fibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed to cardiomyocyte-like cells by introducing defined genes. However, the reprogramming efficiency remains low, delaying the clinical application of this strategy to regenerative cardiology. We previously showed that fusion of the MyoD transactivation domain to the pluripotency transcription factor Oct4 facilitated the transcriptional activity of Oct4, resulting in highly efficient production of induced pluripotent stem cells. We examined whether the same approach can be applied to cardiac transcription factors to facilitate cardiac reprogramming. We fused the MyoD domain to Mef2c, Gata4, Hand2, and Tbx5 and transduced these genes in various combinations into mouse non-cardiac fibroblasts. Transduction of the chimeric Mef2c with the wild-types of the other three genes produced much larger beating clusters of cardiomyocyte-like cells faster than the combination of the four wild-type genes, with an efficiency of 3.5%, >15-fold greater than the wild-type genes. Fusion of a powerful transactivation domain to heterologous factors can increase the efficiency of direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocytes.
VALUE OF FAMILY HISTORY OF PREMATURE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AS A PREDICTOR OF OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE ON CORONARY CT ANGIOGRAPHY, THE ACIC REGISTRY
Authors: Joao L. Cavalcante, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Gilbert Raff, Mouaz H. Al-Mallah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Thiocyanate Effect Following Industrial Cyanide Exposure
Authors: H. L. Hardy, W. McK. Jeffries, M. M. Wasserman, W. R. Waddell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE purpose of this report is to encourage clinical interest in detoxification mechanisms of the body in general. Specifically, the remarkable facility with which the highly toxic cyanide ion is converted to the relatively nontoxic thiocyanate ion is considered. This physiologic process may account for the fact that industry has been able to use large quantities of cyanide salts with comparative safety. The ease with which hydrogen cyanide, when generated, causes tissue anoxia and death has resulted in the adoption of the low figure of 10 parts per million (p.p.m.) as the safe breathing level of workers exposed to this . . .
A CASE OF NABOTHIAN CYST OF UNUSUAL SIZE
Authors: H. E. Happel
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In the literature consulted, the statement is generally made that nabothian cysts of the cervix are small retention cysts, varying from the size of a bird shot to a pea, but no reference to the possibility of their attaining such large size as to be mistaken for any other condition has been found. On this account, we are reporting this case. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> L. O. L., a woman, aged 19, white, referred, Feb. 28, 1922, by Dr. J. Lee Marder, who suspected a cervical pregnancy, had been married three years and had never been pregnant. There was no history of leukorrheal discharge or gonorrheal infection. She began to menstruate at the age of 14 and had been regular until February 1, when the expected period failed to appear. There was a history of "morning sickness," and on two occasions she had observed a few spots of blood on her
Averting an Impending Storm: Can We Reengineer Health Systems to Meet the Needs of Aging Populations?
Authors: Arlene S. Bierman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

Arlene Bierman discusses new research findings from a randomized trial evaluating community-based nursing interventions in older adults, and and comments on how we need to to re-engineer health systems to provide greater quality of care.
Skeletal Imaging in Corrected Pectus Excavatum
Authors: JAMES D. RABINOV, RACHEL POWSNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

A 20-year-old male college football player with traumatically induced neck pain was referred for a bone scan following an abnormal plain radiograph of the third cervical vertebral spinous process. Tc-99m MDP images revealed an incidental finding of extensively increased sternal and costochondral uptake. The patient had a surgical repair of pectus excavatum 10 years earlier but no recent anterior chest pain. The increased uptake in the sternum and the distal anterior ribs is presumed to be secondary to posttraumatic ossification. Although the exact surgical procedure in this patient is unknown, a common surgical correction of this deformity includes excision of the deformed costal cartilages, disarticulation of the xiphisternal joint, and a posterior transverse osteotomy of the sternum with insertion of a wedge of bone for support.
Clinical efficacy and safety of sublingual immunotherapy with tree pollen extract in children
Authors: E. Valovirta, L. Jacobsen, C. Ljørring, A. Koivikko, J. Savolainen
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy has been the principal approach of immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic diseases. Several clinical studies with birch, alder or hazel pollen extract conducted as subcutaneous immunotherapy have been published suggesting a well‐tolerated and clinically effective treatment. Only a few clinical studies of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with these allergens have been published. This study investigated the clinical efficacy, safety and dose–response relationship of SLIT in children suffering from rhinoconjunctivitis with/without asthma. Methods: Eighty‐eight children (5–15 years) with a history of tree pollen‐induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with/without seasonal asthma for ≥2 years were included. Allergy to tree pollen was confirmed by positive skin‐prick test, positive specific IgE and positive conjunctival provocation test. The extract used was a glycerinated mixture of Betula verrucosa , Corylus avellana and Alnus glutinosa 100 000 SQ‐U/ml. Children were randomized into three groups receiving SLIT 5 days a week for up to 18 months; dose group 1: accumulated weekly dose of 24 000 SQ‐U; dose group 2: accumulated weekly dose of 200 000 SQ‐U; and placebo. Results: In the birch pollen season, dose group 2 showed a significant reduction of symptom ( P = 0.01) and medication scores ( P = 0.04) compared with placebo. Dose group 1 showed a significant reduction of symptom scores ( P = 0.03). There were no statistical differences between dose groups 1 and 2. All children tolerated the treatment well. Conclusion: SLIT with tree pollen extract provided dose‐dependent benefits in tree pollen‐allergic children in terms of significantly reduced symptoms and medication use. The treatment was well tolerated.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor LPAR6 Supports the Tumorigenicity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Antonio Mazzocca, Francesco Dituri, Flavia De Santis, Addolorata Filannino, Chiara Lopane, Regina C. Betz, Ying-Yi Li, Naofumi Mukaida, Peter Winter, Cosimo Tortorella, Gianluigi Giannelli, Carlo Sabbà
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The aberrant processes driving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not fully understood. Lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPAR) are commonly overexpressed in HCC, but their contributions to malignant development are not well established. In this report, we show that aberrant expression of LPAR6 sustains tumorigenesis and growth of HCC. Overexpression of LPAR6 in HCC specimens associated with poor survival in a cohort of 128 patients with HCC. We took a genetic approach to elucidate how LPAR6 sustains the HCC tumorigenic process, including through an expression profiling analysis to identify genes under the control of LPAR6. RNAi-mediated attenuation of LPAR6 impaired HCC tumorigenicity in tumor xenograft assays. Expression profiling and mechanistic analyses identified Pim-3 as a pathophysiologically relevant LPAR6 target gene. In nonmalignant cells where LPAR6 overexpression was sufficient to drive malignant character, Pim-3 was upregulated at the level of transcription initiation through a STAT3-dependent mechanism. A further analysis of HCC clinical specimens validated the connection between overexpression of LPAR6 and Pim-3, high proliferation rates, and poorer survival outcomes. Together, our findings establish LPAR6 as an important theranostic target in HCC tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 75(3); 532–43. ©2014 AACR.
SIMULTANEOUS TRAUMATIVE DISLOCATION OF BOTH HIP JOINTS.
Authors: JOHN H. PACKARD
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read before the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, June, 1883.] Simultaneous luxation of both femora is an accident of very rare occurrence. It is not mentioned at all by Malgaigne, and Hamilton barely refers to it. Among systematic writers on general surgery, Erickson merely states that it has been recorded in some instances, while Gibson says “an interesting case of the kind was reported two or three years ago in one of the European journals.” Gross says that three cases are recorded. My attention was attracted to the subject by a case which occurred during my service at the Episcopal Hospital, in 1879, and I have succeeded in collecting twelve others. Even this small number present certain features which seem to me to warrant me in placing them together, for the purpose of drawing some inferences in regard to the mechanism of their production, and the occasional difficulties in diagnosis
Accuracy and interobserver agreement of small-caliber vs. conventional esophagogastroduodenoscopy for evaluating esophageal varices
Authors: S. Pungpapong, A. Keaveny, M. Raimondo, R. Dickson, T. Woodward, D. Harnois, M. Wallace
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Advances in endoscope design have allowed high-quality imaging using small-caliber endoscopes (< 6 mm), and these have been proposed as providing an accurate modality for evaluating esophageal varices in several small studies. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and interobserver agreement of small-caliber esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) compared with conventional EGD for evaluating esophageal varices in a large prospective cohort.A total of 115 patients with end-stage liver disease and/or portal hypertension were prospectively enrolled into the study. EGD procedures were performed using conventional (8.6-mm) and small-caliber (4.9-mm) endoscopes, back to back and under standard sedation, by two different endoscopists. Esophageal varices were graded at the time of EGD (the "real-time" grade); and by retrospective review of photographs by three endoscopists, when a "consensus" grade (i. e. a grading agreed by two out of the three endoscopists) was used as the final result.Of the 115 patients, 33 patients (29 %) were classified as Child's class A, 47 patients (41 %) as Child's class B, and 35 patients (30 %) as Child's class C. The mean model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was 13.6. Thirty-six patients (31 %) had undergone previous ligation of esophageal varices. Compared with conventional EGD, the accuracy of small-caliber EGD for esophageal varices grading was 94 % (consensus grade) and 95 % (real-time grade). Excellent concordance was demonstrated between real-time grade and consensus grade, with a kappa of 0.95 for both types of EGD. There was excellent interobserver agreement between endoscopists, regardless of the type of EGD. The severity of hepatic dysfunction and the presence or absence of a history of previous esophageal varices ligation did not have any impact on the accuracy or interobserver agreement.Small-caliber EGD performed under sedation via oral intubation is a highly accurate and reliable modality for evaluating esophageal varices in patients with end-stage liver disease and/or portal hypertension, regardless of the degree of hepatic dysfunction or history of previous esophageal varices ligation.
OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ITS RELATION WITH PERIPHERAL ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION AND PULMONARY VASCULAR RESPONSE TO VASODILATORS IN PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Luigi Gabrielli, Pablo F. Castro, Douglas Greig, Ivan Godoy, Hugo Verdejo, Mario Chiong, Pablo Sepulveda, Lorena Garcia, Sergio Lavandero, Robert C. Bourge
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Use of Diagnostic Imaging Studies and Associated Radiation Exposure for Patients Enrolled in Large Integrated Health Care Systems, 1996-2010
Authors: Rebecca Smith-Bindman, Diana L. Miglioretti, Eric Johnson, Choonsik Lee, Heather Spencer Feigelson, Michael Flynn, Robert T. Greenlee, Randell L. Kruger, Mark C. Hornbrook, Douglas Roblin, Leif I. Solberg, Nicholas Vanneman, Sheila Weinmann, Andrew E. Williams
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Use of diagnostic imaging has increased significantly within fee-for-service models of care. Little is known about patterns of imaging among members of integrated health care systems.To estimate trends in imaging utilization and associated radiation exposure among members of integrated health care systems.Retrospective analysis of electronic records of members of 6 large integrated health systems from different regions of the United States. Review of medical records allowed direct estimation of radiation exposure from selected tests. Between 1 million and 2 million member-patients were included each year from 1996 to 2010.Advanced diagnostic imaging rates and cumulative annual radiation exposure from medical imaging.During the 15-year study period, enrollees underwent a total of 30.9 million imaging examinations (25.8 million person-years), reflecting 1.18 tests (95% CI, 1.17-1.19) per person per year, of which 35% were for advanced diagnostic imaging (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], nuclear medicine, and ultrasound). Use of advanced diagnostic imaging increased from 1996 to 2010; CT examinations increased from 52 per 1000 enrollees in 1996 to 149 per 1000 in 2010, 7.8% annual increase (95% CI, 5.8%-9.8%); MRI use increased from 17 to 65 per 1000 enrollees, 10% annual growth (95% CI, 3.3%-16.5%); and ultrasound rates increased from 134 to 230 per 1000 enrollees, 3.9% annual growth (95% CI, 3.0%-4.9%). Although nuclear medicine use decreased from 32 to 21 per 1000 enrollees, 3% annual decline (95% CI, 7.7% decline to 1.3% increase), PET imaging rates increased after 2004 from 0.24 to 3.6 per 1000 enrollees, 57% annual growth. Although imaging use increased within all health systems, the adoption of different modalities for anatomic area assessment varied. Increased use of CT between 1996 and 2010 resulted in increased radiation exposure for enrollees, with a doubling in the mean per capita effective dose (1.2 mSv vs 2.3 mSv) and the proportion of enrollees who received high (>20-50 mSv) exposure (1.2% vs 2.5%) and very high (>50 mSv) annual radiation exposure (0.6% vs 1.4%). By 2010, 6.8% of enrollees who underwent imaging received high annual radiation exposure (>20-50 mSv) and 3.9% received very high annual exposure (>50 mSv).Within integrated health care systems, there was a large increase in the rate of advanced diagnostic imaging and associated radiation exposure between 1996 and 2010.
Immunologic Aspect of Testicular Torsion: Detection of Antisperm Antibodies in Contralateral Testicle
Authors: Alim Ko&scedil;ar, Bora K&uuml;peli, G&uuml;nay Al&ccedil;&inodot;g&inodot;r, Haluk Atao&gcaron;lu, Kemal Sar&inodot;ca, Sadettin K&uuml;peli
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Passive smoking: Summary of rapid responses
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor–More than 140 readers responded to Enstrom and Kabat's paper and Davey Smith's editorial.1 2 Some of the passion and most of the science is captured in the letters above. What follows is a necessarily brief overview of the remaining ones. The debate started with some orthodox critical comment on the paper: the analysis underestimated the risk to passive smokers, was underpowered, distorted, poorly reported, placed out of context, or just plain wrong. The two main contentions were that a smoking spouse is a poor proxy for passive smoking (because everyone smoked in the 1950s, so people with non-smoking spouses were still exposed at work), and that many quitters are misclassified as smokers. Both would reduce the difference in mortality between exposed and non-exposed groups. In general, the criticisms were poorly substantiated; only four letters (3%) referred to actual data in the paper.

The discussions then widened to a number of more or less polite exchanges starting with the evils …
Successful Treatment of Cerebral Mucormycosis with Amphotericin B
Authors: Gerard N. Burrow
Journal: JAMA (1963)

RECENT REPORTS of recovery from mucormycosis following the appropriate therapy<sup>1,2</sup>have stimulated renewed interest in the disease. Mucormycosis is caused by tissue invasion of saprophytic fungi of the genus<i>Mucor</i>. The disease occurs in patients who have debilitating diseases, or who have received antibiotics, steroids, or anti-tumor agents, and is particularly prone to develop in patients with diabetic acidosis. Forty-two percent of the cases in a recent review of mucormycosis<sup>3</sup>were diabetic. Cerebral mucormycosis, the most common form of the disease, is associated with an extremely high mortality. Only six survivals<sup>1,4-7</sup>have been reported, and all of those described have been left with residual deficits (see table). The present case is of interest because the diagnosis was made early on the basis of certain previously described criteria<sup>8,9</sup>and therapy begun with amphotericin B. Despite disturbing side effects of the drug, therapy was continued, and the patient
Abstract 5493: A new strategy to assess cytotoxicity using Raman spectroscopy of single isolated nuclei
Authors: Hsin-Hung Lin, Yen-Chang Li, Chun Liu, Chung-Hsuan Chen, Alice L. Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Single-cell biodetection systems have potential applications in biomedicine and pharmacotherapy, and Raman spectroscopy is an ideal tool for single-cell analysis. Raman spectroscopy biosensors can provide an information-rich “fingerprint” of the overall biochemical composition of single cell undergoing time-dependent changes of cellular biochemistry without reacting with many biologically active compounds. To minimize the interfering signals form cytoplasm, nuclei were isolated from cells for analysis by Raman spectrum to compare the cellar responses and biochemical changes that occur in the nuclei of the HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line and drug-resistant cells HL60/ADR after treatment with the antineoplastic drug, doxorubicin. With increasing concentrations of doxorubicin up to 80 nM, the intensities of individual peaks representing nucleic acids and proteins displayed a concentration dependent decrease in the nuclei of HL60 but not HL60/ADR. At 80 nM doxorubicin, there was a 55.6±2.2% (p&amp;lt;0.001) of control in the intensities of Raman peaks representing nuclei acid, but no change of Raman peak intensities of the nuclei of HL60/ADR (96.4±3.1% of control). A significant drop in the intensities of Raman peaks representing nucleic acid was evident around 8 to 10 hours after doxorubicin exposure. Upon incubation with 80nM doxorubicin for 24 hours, thymidine incorporation was 74.2±1.9% and 94±3.8% of control in HL60 and HL60/ADR, respectively and Alamar Blue assay was even less sensitive with the value of 102.0±1.8% and 101.7±2.5% of control in HL60 and HL60/ADR, respectively. To verify the sensitivity and reproducibility of single nuclei Raman spectroscopy, treatment of CCRF-CEM, a T lymphoblastoid cell line, and drug-resistant subline CEM/VBL with anti-microtubule agent, vinblastine was also examined. At 0.4 nM, the intensities of Raman spectrum for nucleic acid dropped to 77.2±1.5% (p&amp;lt;0.001) of control while thymidine incorporation was not significantly inhibited (94.8±4.1% of control). In comparison, CEM/VBL was resistant to vinblastine up to 50 nM with negligible changes in Raman peak intensities of CEM/VBL nuclei (96.8±2.7% of control), and thymidine incorporation was 102.5±1.2% of control. These findings demonstrate that this single nuclei Raman spectroscopy has the ability to detect and identify nuclear changes related to cytotoxicity at lower concentrations and in shorter times than conventional cell based assays. Thus, this new cytotoxicity detection strategy using Raman spectroscopy of single, isolated nuclei may be useful for rapid and sensitive detection of cellular changes in response to chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5493.