tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteopenia as a risk factor for injuries to dancers.
Authors: C. Horvath, I. Hollo
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Pharmaceutical trials in psychiatric patientsSIR,-The general scarcity of research funds makes clinical trials on behalf of pharmaceutical companies one avenue for funding research experience for psychiatrists in training.Two recent trends, however, give additional concern for anxiety in this context.The first is the increasing insistence on placebo controlled studies even when an effective "standard" drug exists.The scientific and statistical arguments are straightforward, but the ethical issues are more complex.Such studies commonly require the participation of patients with major depressive illness of a severity that carries considerable distress and a risk of suicide.The second is the fact that these requests increasingly come from "research companies," which undertake the research on behalf of the pharmaceutical firms concerned.The skill and independence of these firms are difficult to assess.Particularly worrying is the example of one project, in which I declined to participate on ethical grounds, which re-emerged as a general practice study.The project director, responsible for supervision, analysis, and publication, was a staff member of the research company, and no general practitioner contributor was likely to see more than two or three patients.In these circumstances it seems unlikely that the doctors concerned could accept full intellectual responsibility for the study or gain a broad experience of the effects of the trial drugs.
HEREDITARY GAUCHER'S DISEASE
Authors: J. P. ANDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Gaucher's disease, according to the present conception, may be defined as a nonhereditary congenital familial disease due to disturbed lipoid metabolism with the production of an abnormal substance (kerasin). This is stored by histiocytes of reticulo-endothelial origin, giving rise to the typical Gaucher cell, which is found in all tissues, chiefly the spleen, lymph glands, liver and bone marrow, in which reticulo-endothelium is present. Clinically, the disease is characterized by splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, pigmentation of the skin, pinguecula-like thickenings of the ocular conjunctivae, hemorrhagic diathesis, unique changes in the bones with discrete or confluent rarefactions, leukopenia, anemia of the hypochromic variety, thrombocytopenia, and in infants there may be a preponderance of neurologic symptoms.<sup>1</sup> Lymphadenopathy is seldom encountered, although it occurs at times, and diagnosis has been made in some instances from an inguinal gland removed at biopsy.<sup>1</sup>Ascites seldom occurs. Pain in the form of a dull ache is
Quantitative MRD monitoring identifies distinct GVL response patterns after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the GCLLSG CLL3X trial
Authors: M Ritgen, S Böttcher, S Stilgenbauer, D Bunjes, J Schubert, S Cohen, A Humpe, M Hallek, M Kneba, N Schmitz, H Döhner, P Dreger
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma into the Right Atrium
Authors: YASUHIRO KATO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Five patients had hepatocellular carcinoma growing into the right atrium. Clinically, all patients had edema in the legs, venous dilatation in the abdominal wall, ascites, and dyspnea. Paroxysmal aggravation of dyspnea and its alleviation by a left decubitus position were noted in three patients. Three patients developed shock after a change in posture. A gallop rhythm in the cardiac murmur was detected in two. Pathologically, all livers had hepatocellular carcinoma and macronodular cirrhosis. At autopsy, a tumor thrombus was found that completely occluded the right hepatic vein and extended into the inferior vena cava and right atrium, partially occluding the inferior vena cava. Antemortem diagnosis of right atrial tumor thrombi in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma is difficult, but the condition should be suspected when dyspnea, abnormal cardiac sounds, and shock develop.
Osteoporosis, Skin Collagen, and Androgen
Authors: M. M. Black, S. Shuster, E. Bottoms
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Total skin collagen was found to be decreased in untreated patients with osteoporosis, particularly women, but increased after treatment with androgens in women. Decreased body collagen may possibly be a primary defect in osteoporosis, while androgens may increase total skin collagen.
The Philadelphia Medical Journal.
Authors: John B. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Philadelphia, Jan. 22, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The issue ofThe Journalfor January 5 contained statements which might convey a wrong impression concerning the changes recently made in the<i>Philadelphia Medical Journal</i>, its financial strength, the chances of its continued success and the nature of its aims as an exponent of high professional ethics. The insertion of this letter in your columns would therefore be greatly appreciated. The changes recently made in the editorial department were based upon the action of a board of trustees, which contained at the time, as it does now, a proportion of five physicians to every lay member. That the<i>Journal</i>has, and will continue to be inspired by men who are familiar with "high ideals in medicine" and the needs of the general profession is therefore evident. True, the shareholders have not as yet received dividends. This is due to the fact that
Significance and therapeutic potential of prostaglandin E2 receptor in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Yukiyasu Kuzumoto, Masayuki Sho, Naoya Ikeda, Kaoru Hamada, Takashi Mizuno, Satoru Akashi, Yoshikazu Tsurui, Hisanori Kashizuka, Takeo Nomi, Atsushi Kubo, Hiromichi Kanehiro, Yoshiyuki Nakajima
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates a variety of innate and adaptive immunity through four distinct receptors: EP1-EP4. It has been suggested that each EP plays a unique and pivotal role in various disease conditions. We investigated the pathophysiological role of EP receptors in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, a 70% hepatic ischemic model was used in male C57BL/6 mice. Selective EP agonists were used to clarify the function of each PGE2 receptor in I/R injury. Although all four receptors were expressed in the naïve liver, EP4 expression was significantly upregulated after hepatic I/R. Although EP1, 2, or 3 agonists did not show any protective effect on liver function, the EP4 agonist significantly inhibited hepatic I/R injury as determined by serological and histological analyses. Furthermore, the EP4 agonist downregulated the local expressions of several proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in the early phase of reperfusion. In contrast, it augmented the local expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10. Additionally, the neutrophil accumulation was also inhibited by EP4 agonist treatment. Finally, to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the EP4 agonist in hepatic I/R injury, the nonischemic shunt liver was removed after 120 minutes of ischemia, resulting in the death of 86% of control mice within 48 hours. In sharp contrast, 80% of mice treated with the EP4 agonist survived. In conclusion , the PGE2-EP4 signaling pathway has an inhibitory role in hepatic I/R injury. An EP4 agonist effectively protects against ischemic injury. (Hepatology 2005.)
Effect of Diet on Experimental Hypertension and on the Development of Polyarteritis Nodosa in Rats
Authors: WALTER KEMPNER, ERNST PESCHEL, BERNARD BLACK-SCHAFFER
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

Rats with experimental renal hypertension were fed various diets differing in sodium and protein content. Marked prolongation of life was achieved by rice diet. Polyarteritis nodosa developed, as a result of the experimental procedures, in 23.5 per cent of the animals. Its incidence was closely correlated to sodium ingestion: 4 per cent in rats on low sodium intake, 36 per cent in rats on normal or slightly higher sodium intake. Protein intake showed no effect on incidence of polyarteritis but distinct effect on survival time. Except for one rat where a sarcoma destroyed almost all kidney tissue, no animal on rice diet developed polyarteritis nodosa.
Abstract LB-76: Mibefradil, a novel therapy for glioblastoma: An interlaced therapy approach
Authors: Stephen T. Keir, Lloyd Gray, Henry S. Friedman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Finding new ways to improve the efficacy and/or overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapy for brain tumor patients is an ongoing research paradigm. Interlaced TherapyTM is a synergistic cancer therapy involving sequential administration of a T-type calcium channel blocker and a cytotoxic agent. For the purpose of this study, mibefradil dihyrdochloride (MBFD), a T-type calcium channel blocker was interlaced with the standard of care treatment - temozolomide (TMZ) for GBM. Different dosing strategies were tested to maximize efficacy of combination. METHODS: Intracranial (ic) adult brain tumor xenografts (D-270 MG) were grown in athymic BALB/c mice. Three days after ic implantation groups of 10 mice were randomly treated with either drug vehicle/control, MBFD alone PO, TMZ alone IP, or the interlaced therapy of agents. Tumor responses for ic xenografts were assessed by difference in median survival. Two sets of studies were conducted to determine most efficacious delivery of combination: 1) Extended treatment regimen with TMZ, and 2) Time optimization of interlaced approach. RESULTS: The interlaced therapy of MBFD and TMZ demonstrated statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.001) increases in median survival of 142%, 168%, 174%, and 163% vs. control animals when TMZ is delivered on a regimen of 3, 5, 10, and 15 days respectively. More importantly, interlaced therapy produced significant (p&amp;lt;0.026) increases in survival of 48%, 65%, 68% and 61% at 3, 5, 10, and 15 day dosing regimens vs. TMZ alone. When the TMZ dosing regimen was held constant (5 days) and delivered 0.5, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after MBFD, the combination produced statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.001) increases in median survival of 168%, 158%, 105%, 84% and 74% respectively vs. control animals. More importantly, interlaced therapy produced significant (p&amp;lt;0.042) increases in survival of 65%, 58% and 26% respectively at 0.5, 12 and 24 hour time points vs. TMZ alone. CONCLUSION: Our results establish the therapeutic efficacy of the delivery of MBFD and TMZ via Interlaced TherapyTM against D-270 MG xenografts grown intracranially. Furthermore, this study clearly demonstrates that the synchronization of MBFD with TMZ can be optimized. As such, the blockade of T type calcium channels may well be a target that produces clinically effective, safe synchronization that can be used in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy to render it more effective. The results from this study will be used to help guide clinicians as they move forward with clinical trial design to produce the most efficacious combination of MBFD + TMZ using Interlaced TherapyTM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-76. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-76
Heartburn in patients with achalasia.
Authors: S J Spechler, R F Souza, S J Rosenberg, R A Ruben, R K Goyal
Journal: Gut (1995)

Heartburn, the main symptom of gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GORD), might be expected to occur infrequently in achalasia, a disorder characterised by a hypertensive lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) that fails to relax. Nevertheless, it is often described by patients with achalasia. The medical records of 32 patients with untreated achalasia who complained of heartburn, and of 35 similar patients who denied the symptom, were reviewed to explore the implications of heartburn in this condition. Data on endoscopic and manometric findings, and on the onset and duration of oesophageal symptoms were collected. Three patterns of heartburn were observed: (1) in 8 patients (25%) the onset of heartburn followed the onset of dysphagia, (2) in 15 patients (47%) heartburn preceded the onset of dysphagia and persisted as dysphagia progressed, and (3) in 9 patients (28%), heartburn preceded the onset of dysphagia and stopped as dysphagia progressed. The mean (SD) basal LOS pressure in the patients with heartburn (38 (16) mm Hg) was significantly lower than that in patients without the symptom (52 (26) mm Hg); the lowest LOS pressure (29 (11) mm Hg) was observed in the subset of patients whose heartburn preceded the onset of dysphagia and then stopped. It is concluded that patients who have achalasia with heartburn have lower basal LOS pressures than patients who have achalasia without this symptom. In some patients with achalasia, the appearance of dysphagia is heralded by the disappearance of longstanding heartburn. For these patients, it is speculated that achalasia develops in the setting of underlying GORD.
Trials in Kidney Disease — Time to EVOLVE
Authors: Vlado Perkovic, Bruce Neal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Patients with kidney disease face a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular events and death1 — one in five patients who are undergoing dialysis die each year in the United States.2 Elevated parathyroid hormone levels are almost universal in persons with advanced kidney failure and have been associated with these risks.3 Cinacalcet is an oral calcimimetic agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with dialysis-dependent kidney failure. Early reports4,5 supported the possibility that cinacalcet conferred cardiovascular protection and reduced fracture risk, although the statistical power of these studies . . .
A Leprosy Congress.
Authors: Albert S. Ashmead
Journal: JAMA (1896)

New York, May 27, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Regarding an International Congress for the prevention of leprosy, as proposed by Dr. Goldschmidt, I have the honor to transmit the following letter: "Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands, April 28, 1896. "<i>Dear Dr. Ashmead</i>:—At a meeting of the Board of Health held on the 22d inst., I presented your correspondence with Dr. Goldschmidt in regard to the International Medical Congress for the discussion of leprosy. It was decided to inform you that the Hawaiian Government takes deep interest in the efforts of Dr. Goldschmidt to hold a congress and that the sending of a delegate will be considered, if an invitation is received. "Sincerely yours,L. F. Alvarez, M.D. "Bacteriologist to the Hawaiian Board of Health." Very truly yours,
Vascular Access in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Jerome I. Tokars
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Although more readily constructed in many patients needing vascular access for hemodialysis, AV grafts using synthetic material are more prone to thrombosis and infection than are native fistulas.<sup>1</sup>Hirth et al<sup>2</sup>made an important contribution by showing that the use of a graft vs a fistula on day 30 of hemodialysis depended on a number of clinical and nonclinical factors, including geographic region.<sup>2</sup>To determine the use of fistulas vs grafts in US hemodialysis patients, we analyzed data from the National Surveillance of Dialysis-Associated Diseases, which is an annual mail survey of all US chronic hemodialysis centers. The survey is conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in collaboration with the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA).<sup>3</sup> Dialysis centers reported the number of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis who were treated during December 25 to 31,1995, and the percentage of these patients treated with a
904 HOST GENETIC VARIANTS IN INTERFERON SIGNALING PATHWAY RELATED TO NECROINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: R. Lopez-Rodriguez, M.J. Borque, A. Hernandez-Bartolome, Y. Rodríguez-Munoz, S. Martín-Vílchez, M. Trapero-Marugan, P. Munoz de Rueda, J. Salmerón, L. Rodrigo, R. Moreno-Otero, P. Sanz-Cameno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Psychiatry and the Community in 19th-Century America: The Recurring Concern With the Environment in the Prevention and Treatment of Mental Illness
Authors: Eric T. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Ruth Caplan, an historian, and her father, Dr. Gerald Caplan, a distinguished Harvard psychiatrist interested in preventive and community psychiatry, started this book as a study of mid 20th-century psychiatry. In an attempt to understand the social and historical roots of current trends, the Caplans found themselves increasingly drawn into the 19th century. The present book is the result. Although the study gives brief coverage of the earlier period, their attention deepens at mid century, when their chief primary source becomes the<i>American Journal of Insanity</i>(1844-1908). The authors' original focus and final concern—current psychiatry—is fortunately discussed explicitly. For many, it will be rewarding first to read the concluding chapter titled "Ebb and Flow" and then Dr. Caplan's epilogue—his personal reflections on the implications of this history—before reading the main text. "Environment" is approached in two senses: the ways the professional, ie, the psychiatrist and his associates, reflects and reacts
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE OCULAR MUSCLES.
Authors: E. C. ELLETT
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In response to the suggestion of our Chairman, this paper has been so written as to review in the simplest possible manner our knowledge of the physiology of the ocular muscles, and many things more or less connected with the subject have been advisedly omitted as nonessential. Two facts should be borne in mind in connection with the reading of this paper: first, that the action of the muscles on normal eyes alone is considered, the disturbing and modifying influences of errors of refraction and abnormalities of the muscles themselves and their attachments, properly belonging to a study of their pathology and not of their physiology; secondly, all muscles are to be considered as moving the normal eye from the primary position. <h3>THE MOTIONS OF THE EYEBALL.</h3> The eyeball is endowed with unusual freedom of motion, for the accomplishment of which it is supplied with six muscles arising from the
Bis-SNP: Combined DNA methylation and SNP calling for Bisulfite-seq data
Authors: Yaping Liu, Kimberly D Siegmund, Peter W Laird, Benjamin P Berman
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Bisulfite treatment of DNA followed by high-throughput sequencing (Bisulfite-seq) is an important method for studying DNA methylation and epigenetic gene regulation, yet current software tools do not adequately address single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identifying SNPs is important for accurate quantification of methylation levels and for identification of allele-specific epigenetic events such as imprinting. We have developed a model-based bisulfite SNP caller, Bis-SNP, that results in substantially better SNP calls than existing methods, thereby improving methylation estimates. At an average 30× genomic coverage, Bis-SNP correctly identified 96% of SNPs using the default high-stringency settings. The open-source package is available at http://epigenome.usc.edu/publicationdata/bissnp2011 .
STUDIES ON SOUTH AMERICAN YELLOW FEVER
Authors: N. C. Davis, A. W. Burke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

It would appear that inoculation of rhesus monkeys served a diagnostic purpose in one of our cases, that of S. R. The disease was so mild that in the absence of an epidemic no clinician would have made the diagnosis without this laboratory procedure. It should be pointed out that following inoculation of liver emulsion, and sometimes even of blood, it is impossible to tell whether an early fever resulting is due to a protein reaction, to bacterial infection, or to true yellow fever. If plenty of animals are available the only safe plan is to take blood for subinoculation and for cultures, and to feed mosquitoes. Blood may be kept frozen for some time before inoculation if it is found to be necessary, or if it is desired to await the outcome of the disease in the animal bled. A combined blood and liver transfer showed the presence of virus in rhesus No. 46 twenty days after the original inoculation with kidney from the autopsy in the case of J. V. 0. The same animal had had an infected body wall and a bacteriemia. On the basis of later experience we can see some of our mistakes. In the second S. R. passage (rhesus No. 133) blood transfer should have been made at the time of initial fever, the day following inoculation. In the case of rhesus No. 60, mosquito infection from J. V. 0., transfer probably should have been made when the temperature reached 103.9 degrees F. on the fifth day. Two days later, with a fever of 104.4 degrees F., the blood appeared to be non-infective. A temperature of 104 degrees F. in monkeys is usually a safe borderline between fever and no fever, but seemingly not always. Our experience with the South American viruses so far indicates that it takes much care, patience, and an abundance of monkeys to build up and maintain a high degree of virulence.
P428 5-METHYL-1-PHENYL-2-(1H)-PYRIDONE TREATMENT IMPROVES MARKERS OF HEPATIC FUNCTION AND FIBROSIS IN STEATOSIS INDUCED BY HIGH FAT/CARBOHYDRATE DIET
Authors: J. Macías-Barragán, J. Vera-Cruz, D. López-de la Mora, C. Sánchez-Roque, J. Viveros-Paredes, B. Gomez-Meda, K. Rombouts, F. Marra, M. Pinzani, J. Armendáriz-Borunda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Rehabilitation promotes functional movement in atypical populations
Authors: Meg Morris, Thomas Matyas, Robert Iansek, Ross Cunnington
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The suggestion that movement disorders exhibited by people with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction should be considered normal and therefore not rehabilitated is rejected from three standpoints: (1) the CNS does not always select the best movement patterns for optimal long term outcome, (2) there is literature demonstrating that rehabilitation enhances motor function and independence, and (3) there exists a capacity for motor recovery and motor skill learning following brain damage.
Abstract 4523: Design and synthesis of sorafenib analogues as SHP-1 activators for hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Jui-Wen Huang, Kuen-Feng Chen, Wei-Tien Tai, Wei-Lin Chen, Pei-Jer Chen, Ann-Lii Cheng, Chung-Wai Shiau
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Sorafenib, a small molecule kinase inhibitor, has been approved for renal carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by FDA. Our data shows that sorafenib inhibits signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 activity and induces apoptosis in HCC cells. The major target is that Sorafenib enhances Src homology-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) activity, reduces the phosphorylation of STAT3 and subsequently reduces the STAT3-regulating protein, Mcl-1, survivin and cyclinD1. Therefore, we design and synthesize a series of sorafenib analogues which show the higher potency in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting phosphorylation of STAT3 than sorafenib. In addition, these agents have no inhibition of Raf and VEGFR in HCC cells. Therefore, the new agents provide a new concept that increasing SHP-1 activity along and synergizing with other therapeutic agents will be applicable in HCC therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4523. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4523