tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Furore over care.data programme could jeopardise future medical research, doctors and charities warn
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Although seagrasses are economically and ecologically critical species, little is known about their blade surface microbial communities and how these communities relate to the plant host. To determine microbial community composition and diversity on seagrass blade surfaces and in the surrounding seawater,16S rRNA gene sequencing (iTag) was used for samples collected at five sites along a gradient of freshwater input in the northern Gulf of Mexico on three separate sampling dates. Additionally, seagrass surveys were performed and environmental parameters were measured to characterize host characteristics and the abiotic conditions at each site. Results showed that <i>Thalassia testudinum</i> (turtle grass) blades hosted unique microbial communities that were distinct in composition and diversity from the water column. Additionally, results suggested that environmental conditions, including water depth, salinity, and temperature, were the major driver of community structure as blade surface microbial communities varied among sites and over sampling dates. Host condition may be a secondary driver of community structure as compositional changes were also correlated with host characteristics, including leaf growth rates and blade nutrient composition, Additionally, 21 microorganisms from five phyla (Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes) were present in all blade surface samples and may represent a core community for <i>T. testudinum</i>. Members of this core community may have ecological importance for determining community structure or in performing key community functions. This study provides new insights and understanding of the processes that influence the structure of marine phyllosphere communities, how these microbial communities relate to their host, and their role as a part of the seagrass holobiont, which is an important contribution given the current decline of seagrass coverage worldwide.
Coagulation Protein Turnover in Patients with Thrombocytosis.
Authors: J. M. Martinez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Coagulation Protein Turnover in Patients with Thrombocytosis.J. M. Martinez, M.D., S. S. Shapiro, M.D.J. M. Martinez, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, S. S. Shapiro, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-827_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSimultaneous studies of the metabolism of125I-prothrombin and131I-fibrinogen were performed in seven patients with thrombocytosis associated with myeloproliferative states. Platelet counts ranged from 600,000 to 3,000,000/mm3. The mean fractional catabolic rate of prothrombin was 60% of the plasma pool per day, a significant increase over the normal mean rate of 42.5% (P< 0.01) The mean fractional catabolic rate of fibrinogen was 34%, significantly increased over the normal mean of 24% (P< 0.01). Correlation between the increased rates of fibrinogen and prothrombin was excellent. Fractional catabolic rates returned to normal in two patients restudied after busulfan treatment restored... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. M. Martinez, M.D.; S. S. Shapiro, M.D.Affiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThrombocytosis and Thrombocythemia 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 827-827KeywordsBlood plasmaFibrinogenPlateletsProteinsThrombocytosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
A new HPV-DNA test for cervical-cancer screening in developing regions: a cross-sectional study of clinical accuracy in rural China
Authors: You-lin Qiao, John W Sellors, Paul S Eder, Yan-ping Bao, Jeanette M Lim, Fang-hui Zhao, Bernhard Weigl, Wen-hua Zhang, Roger B Peck, Ling Li, Feng Chen, Qing-jing Pan, Attila T Lorincz
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2008)
Judge condemns GMC for "unacceptable delays" and inactivity
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A High Court judge has strongly criticised the General Medical Council for a “lack of urgency as astonishing as it is regrettable” and refused to extend conditions imposed on a GP’s practice more than two years ago, pending the hearing of misconduct charges against him.

“It is . . . clear that the unacceptable delays in this case are not an isolated problem,” said Mr Justice Stuart Smith. “If, as appears to be the case, unacceptable delays such as have occurred in this case are common, the General Medical Council needs to conduct a significant review of its resources and procedures.”

The judge turned down the UK medical regulator’s application to extend by eight months an interim order of conditions originally imposed in April 2012 on a GP …
Effect of Metformin vs Placebo on and Metabolic Factors in NCIC CTG MA.32
Authors: P. J. Goodwin, W. R. Parulekar, K. A. Gelmon, L. E. Shepherd, J. A. Ligibel, D. L. Hershman, P. Rastogi, I. A. Mayer, T. J. Hobday, J. Lemieux, A. M. Thompson, K. I. Pritchard, T. J. Whelan, S. D. Mukherjee, H. I. Chalchal, C. D. Oja, K. S. Tonkin, V. Bernstein, B. E. Chen, V. Stambolic
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Metformin may improve metabolic factors (insulin, glucose, leptin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) associated with poor breast cancer outcomes. The NCIC Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) MA.32 investigates effects of metformin vs placebo on invasive disease-free survival and other outcomes in early breast cancer. Maintaining blinding of investigators to outcomes, we conducted a planned, Data Safety Monitoring Committee–approved, analysis of the effect of metformin vs placebo on weight and metabolic factors at six months, including examination of interactions with baseline body mass index (BMI) and insulin, in the first 492 patients with paired blood samples. Eligible nondiabetic subjects with T1-3, N0-3, M0 breast cancer who had completed surgery and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (if given) provided fasting plasma samples at random assignment and at six months. Glucose was measured locally; blood was aliquoted, frozen, and stored at -80°C. Paired plasma aliquots were analyzed for insulin, hs-CRP, and leptin. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated and comparisons analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. All statistical tests were two-sided. Mean age was 52.1±9.5 years in the metformin group and 52.6 ± 9.8 years in the placebo group. Arms were balanced for estrogen/progesterone receptor, BMI, prior (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, and stage. At six months, decreases in weight and blood variables were statistically significantly greater in the metformin arm (vs placebo) in univariate analyses: weight -3.0%, glucose -3.8%, insulin -11.1%, homeostasis model assessment -17.1%, leptin -20.2%, hs-CRP -6.7%; all P values were less than or equal to .03. There was no statistically significant interaction of change in these variables with baseline BMI or insulin. Metformin statistically significantly improved weight, insulin, glucose, leptin, and CRP at six months. Effects did not vary by baseline BMI or fasting insulin.
A Human CD34(+) Subset Resides in Lymph Nodes and Differentiates into CD56brightNatural Killer Cells
Authors: Aharon G. Freud, Brian Becknell, Sameek Roychowdhury, Hsiaoyin C. Mao, Amy K. Ferketich, Gerard J. Nuovo, Tiffany L. Hughes, Trent B. Marburger, John Sung, Robert A. Baiocchi, Martin Guimond, Michael A. Caligiuri
Journal: Immunity (2005)
A mediastinal mass in end-stage liver disease
Authors: Harutomo Hasegawa, Gurjinder S Sandhu, Andrew V Thillainayagam, Nicola H Strickland, Simon D Taylor-Robinson
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

spherical (2 cm in diameter), soft and smooth; it was attached to the skin, which was hair-bearing; there was no regional lymphadenopathy.The preoperative clinical diagnosis was a sebaceous cyst.The lump was excised with an ellipse of skin.Underlying the skin was a solid multilobated yellowish white mass measuring 1.061.561.3 cm.The surgical field was bloody, and about 100 mL of blood was lost before haemostasis was achieved.Microscopy showed a multinodular but ill-defined proliferation of vascular structures associated with lymphoid aggregates and numerous eosinophils (Figure 1).The features were consistent with angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.The patient was followed up for 2 years without evidence of recurrence.
Common Anorectal Disorders
Authors: DAVID A. LIEBERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Anorectal disorders include a diverse group of pathologic processes that are frequently encountered in general medical practice but are poorly understood. The optimal management of anal pain, itching, bleeding, and incontinence is based on sound anatomic and pathophysiologic principles. Advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis and management of four anorectal disorders frequently encountered by internists: hemorrhoids, fissures, pruritus, and incontinence.
mda-7/IL24 kills pancreatic cancer cells by inhibition of the Wnt/PI3K signaling pathways: Identification of IL-20 receptor-mediated bystander activity against pancreatic cancer
Authors: Sunil Chada, Dora Bocangel, Rajagopal Ramesh, Elizabeth A. Grimm, John B. Mumm, Abner M. Mhashilkar, Mingzhong Zheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The melanoma differentiation-associated gene (mda-7; approved gene symbol IL24) is a tumor suppressor gene whose protein expression in normal cells is restricted to the immune system and to melanocytes. Recent studies have shown that mda-7 gene transfer inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and other tumor types through activation of various intracellular signaling pathways. In the current study, we demonstrate that Ad-mda7 transduction of human pancreatic cancer cells results in G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell killing. Cytotoxicity is mediated via apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Tumor cell killing correlates with regulation of proteins involved in the Wnt and PI3K pathways: beta-catenin, APC, GSK-3, JNK, and PTEN. Additionally, we identify bystander cell killing activated by exposure of pancreatic tumor cells to secreted human MDA-7 protein. In pancreatic tumor cells, exogenous MDA-7 protein activates STAT3 and kills cells via engagement of IL-20 receptors. The specificity of bystander killing is demonstrated using neutralizing anti-MDA-7 antibodies and anti-receptor antibodies, which inhibit the apoptotic effects. In sum, we show that Ad-mda7 is able to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells via inhibition of the Wnt/PI3K pathways and identify a novel bystander mechanism of MDA-7 killing in pancreatic cancer that functions via IL-20 receptors.
Mental time travel sickness and a Bayesian remedy
Authors: Jay Hegdé
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Mental time travel is a principled, but a narrow and computationally limiting, implementation of foresight. Future events can be predicted with sufficient specificity without having to have episodic memory of specific past events. Bayesian estimation theory provides a framework by which one can make predictions about specific future events by combining information about various generic patterns in the past experience.
Mycobacterium marinum skin infections mimicking cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Z. EVEN-PAZ, H. HAAS, T. SACKS, E. ROSENMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Ten cases of skin infection due to Mycobacterium marinum are reported from Israel. Most of the infections were contracted in natural bathing pools at Ein Feshka on the shores of the Dead Sea, south of Jericho. The lesions closely resembled those of cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalent in this region. The condition does not seem to have been detected previously in the Middle East.
Cardiac safety of adjuvant bevacizumab (B) plus dose-dense doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) followed by nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-P) in patients with early stage breast cancer.
Authors: HL McArthur, H Rugo, B Nulsen, T Traina, S Patil, Q Zhou, R Steingart, C Dang, J Park, M Moasser, M Melisko, S Sugarman, L Norton, C Hudis, MN Dickler
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4104 Background: Dose dense (dd) q2wk AC-paclitaxel (P) is superior to q3wk AC-P. Both regimens are associated with a &amp;lt;1% incidence of CHF. In MBC, q3wk nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-P) is superior to q3wk P and bevacizumab (B) improves progression-free survival when added to P. Based on the MBC data, B may be more effective when targeting minimal residual disease in the adjuvant setting and nab-P may offer superior efficacy with reduced toxicity. However, it is uncertain whether AC plus B increases the risk of CHF. We evaluated the cardiac safety of ddAC-nab-P with concurrent B as adjuvant therapy for BC.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Based upon the accepted cardiac event (CE) rate of approximately 4% in trials with adjuvant trastuzumab, this study was designed with similar monitoring and tolerability thresholds. The primary endpoint is cardiac safety: symptomatic CHF or death from LV dysfunction. Secondary endpoints are toxicity, DFS, OS, and biomarkers for efficacy and toxicity. Eligible pts have resected HER2(-) BC and normal LVEF. B is administered concurrently (10 mg/kg IV q2wk x 8) with chemotherapy (AC at 60/600 mg/m2 q2wk x 4 then nab-P at 260 mg/m2 q2wk x 4) and continues at 15 mg/kg q3wk thereafter for a total one year of B therapy. Pegfilgrastim is administered Day 2 of each chemotherapy cycle. Radiation and endocrine therapy are administered per standard of care. MUGAs are obtained at baseline and mos 2, 6, 9 and 18. Although asymptomatic LVEF declines are not considered CEs, B may be held per protocol and long-term cardiac monitoring initiated. If 3 CEs or &amp;gt; 1 cardiac death from LV dysfunction occur, B + ddAC-nab-P will not be considered safe.&amp;#x2028; Results: The target accrual of 80 pts has been met. Median age is 47y (27-75). As of May 31, 2008, median follow-up is 14 mo (1-21) and 51 pts have completed 1y of planned therapy. No patients have developed symptomatic LV dysfunction at any point during study therapy. Sixteen pts have discontinued treatment due to toxicity: asymptomatic LVEF decline (N=3), hypertension (N=3), wound healing (N=3), headache (N=2), sensory neuropathy (N=2), pain (N=1), hypersensitivity reaction (N=1), and pneumonitis (N=1). Three pts had disease progression, and 8 pts withdrew consent.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: At the time of this analysis, no symptomatic LV dysfunction has been observed with B + ddAC-nab-P. Follow-up is ongoing. Correlative studies, including analysis of troponin, renin, and circulating endothelial and tumor cells, are underway. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4104.
Management of Potassium Problems During Long-Term Diuretic Therapy
Authors: Mary Ellen Kosman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

MOST diuretics increase the renal excretion of potassium as part of their pharmacologic action. The thiazides and the loop diuretics (furosemide and ethacrynic acid) have a more pronounced potassium-wasting effect than the mercurials, primarily because they remain effective during continuous long-term therapy, and also because of differences in site and mechanism of action. There is a wide diversity of opinion and there are many unsettled questions regarding the implications of potassium loss during long-term diuretic therapy, the indications for correction, and the best method for offsetting the loss. This commentary will examine the current state of the art. <h3>POTASSIUM BALANCE AND DIURETIC THERAPY</h3> To maintain potassium homeostasis, the amount of potassium ingested must equal the amount excreted, and under normal conditions, most of the potassium that is lost from the body is excreted in the urine. The regulation of potassium balance by the kidney is closely related to the renal
Clinical Detective Stories: A Problem-Based Approach to Clinical #Cases in Energy and Acid-Base Metabolism
Authors: J V G A Durnin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Mitchell L Halperin, Francis S Rolleston Portland Press, pounds sterling 21, pp 300 ISBN 1-85578-999-X

I haven't lately been reading too many new textbooks of physiology or biochemistry and I am a little unsure of how original are the concepts incorporated in this very interesting book. Its title encapsulates its underlying philosophy: an attempt to put a fairly small but important part of basic physiology and biochemistry into a clinical setting where its relevance is …
Osteoarticular brucellosis in children.
Authors: Y A al-Eissa, A M Kambal, A A Alrabeeah, A M Abdullah, N A al-Jurayyan, N M al-Jishi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

The findings in 40 children (24 female, 16 male) with osteoarticular complications of brucellosis are presented. Raw milk was the main source of infection. Most patients had acute onset of fever, arthralgia, and myalgia. Arthritis was the presenting symptom in all patients, of whom two also had osteomyelitis. Arthritis was monoarticular in 28 (70%) of 40 cases with predilection for large weight-bearing joints. Spine and small joints were spared. Brucella melitensis was detected in 23/31 (74%) cases. Mild anaemia, leucopenia, increased liver enzymes, positive acute phase reactants, and low titres of autoantibodies were prominent non-specific laboratory findings. Bone scintigraphy was more helpful than conventional radiography in detecting hip and sacroiliac joint disease. Treatment with a combination of antibiotics for six weeks or more resulted in a cure rate of 92.5%. Early recognition of infection, prolonged treatment, and long term follow up should improve the outcome of patients.
Endoscopic Papillotomy in Caroli's Disease Twenty-year Follow-up of a Previously Reported Case
Authors: W. Trinkl, M. Sassaris, F.M. Hunter
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

A patient diagnosed in 1963 as having congenital dilation of intrahepatic bile ducts, presented in 1982 with common bile duct lithiasis. Endoscopic papillotomy and stone extraction were followed by an unusual complication, hiccups lasting one week. We suggest that endoscopic papillotomy should be considered in selected patients with Caroli's disease. Typical and atypical features of this case presentation are discussed.
Systolic and diastolic blood pressures as predictors of coronary heart disease mortality in the Whitehall study.
Authors: M J Lichtenstein, M J Shipley, G Rose
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were compared as predictors of death due to coronary heart disease using data on the 10 year mortality outcome from the 18 403 male civil servants, aged 40-64, in the Whitehall study. There were 727 deaths due to coronary heart disease. At entry to the study the systolic pressure in these men was significantly higher than the diastolic pressure, and a standardised index of relative risk for death from coronary heart disease was greater for systolic blood pressure. After adjustment for age the top quintile of systolic pressure (greater than 151 mm Hg) identified 5% more men at risk of death from coronary heart disease than for the top diastolic quintile (greater than 95 mm Hg). The findings suggested that clinicians should pay more attention to systolic levels as a criterion for making diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
Events in the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial: Baseline predictors of mortality in placebo-treated patients
Authors: Robert J. Capone, Yudi Pawitan, Nabil El-Sherif, Therese S. Geraci, Kathryn Handshaw, Joel Morganroth, Robert C. Schlant, Albert L. Waldo, None The Cast Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Evolution of Dyspnea during Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Pierantonio Laveneziana, Katherine A. Webb, Josuel Ora, Karin Wadell, Denis E. O'Donnell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Rationale: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily describe their exertional dyspnea using descriptors alluding to increased effort or work of breathing and unsatisfied inspiration or inspiratory difficulty.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of changes in dynamic respiratory mechanics during incremental (INCR) and high-intensity constant work-rate (CWR) cycle exercise on the evolution of dyspnea intensity and its major qualitative dimensions in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD.Methods: Sixteen subjects with COPD performed symptom-limited INCR and CWR cycle exercise tests. Measurements included dyspnea intensity and qualitative descriptors, breathing pattern, operating lung volumes, and esophageal pressure (Pes).Measurements and Main Results: During both exercise tests, there was an inflection in the relation between tidal volume (Vt) and ventilation. This inflection occurred significantly earlier in time during CWR versus INCR exercise but at a similar ventilation, Vt, and tidal Pes swing. Beyond this inflection, there was no further change in Vt despite a continued increase in ventilation and tidal Pes. During both tests, "work and effort" was the dominant dyspnea descriptor selected up to the inflection point, whereas after this point dyspnea intensity and the selection frequency of "unsatisfied inspiration" rose sharply.Conclusions: Regardless of the exercise test protocol, the inflection (or plateau) in the Vt response marked the point where dyspnea intensity rose abruptly and there was a transition in the dominant qualitative descriptor choice from "work and effort" to "unsatisfied inspiration." Intensity and quality of dyspnea evolve separately and are strongly influenced by mechanical constraints on Vt expansion during exercise in COPD.
Adult Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis With Fatal Staphylococcal Septicemia
Authors: Ervin H. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a dramatic, easily recognized clinical event in which sheets of the upper layer of the epidermis slide off the lower layers of the skin. This sign developed in a 70-year-old man in association with a rapidly fatal staphylococcal septicemia. Although recognized in children, this association has been reported only rarely in adults. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium into newborn mice produced characteristic wrinkling. Development of this epidermolysis requires immediate antibiotic therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>229:425-427, 1974)
Afflictions of a vestigial appendage. II. Inflammatory processes affecting the nail matrix. (trauma, eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, alopecia areata)
Authors: K. M. Halprin
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Inflammatory processes affecting the nail matrix under the posterior nail fold cause the production of a dystrophic nail. Most commonly the inflammation is due to external trauma from manipulation of the posterior nail fold during manicuring or from constant exposure to irritants as in the case of housewife's eczema. The posterior nail fold is or has been inflamed, and the nail dystrophy corresponds with the period of inflammation (Fig 1). The process is limited to the affected nails and avoidance of trauma or exposure leads to prompt cure. Much more puzzling are those cases in which nail dystrophy (ridging, pitting, lysis) which arises at the nail matrix is due to an inflammatory process which is part of a more widespread skin disease. The inflammation may be practically unobservable since it originates from within the nail matrix or its supplying vessels. Although psoriasis is the most common cause of these defects