tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4017: Gene silencing of EREG mediated by DNA methylation and histone modification in human gastric cancers
Authors: Jiyeon Yun, Sang-Hyun Song, Jinah Park, Sae-Won Han, Do-Youn Oh, Seock-Ah Im, Yung-Jue Bang, Tae-You Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epiregulin (EREG), a ligand of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), induces cell growth by binding to the EGFR. Expression of EREG affects sensitivity to cetuximab a chimeric monoclonal antibody that inhibits the EGFR signaling pathway. The mechanism through which EREG is regulated is largely unknown, but a methyl-array study performed by our group revealed that EREG is methylated in gastric cancer cells. In the present study, we found that EREG gene expression was low in seven out of 11 gastric cancer cells and this down-regulation was mediated by aberrant CpG methylation of the EREG promoter. Treatment with 5-aza-CdR restored EREG expression and demethylated the CpG sites in the EREG promoter. Compared to DNMT1, knockdown of DNMT3b significantly increased the expression of EREG mRNA and led to the demethylation of specific CpG sites in the EREG promoter, suggesting that DNMT3b primarily regulates the CpG methylation and silencing of EREG gene. EREG methylation was observed in 30% (4/13) of human primary gastric tumor tissues. In addition to DNA methylation, results from a ChIP assay demonstrated that transcriptional levels of EREG were associated with the enrichment of active histone markers (H3K4me3 and AcH3) and of a repressive marker (H3K27me2). Treatment with 5-aza-CdR dynamically increased the low occupancy of H3K4me3 and AcH3, while decreasing the high enrichment of H3K27me2, indicating that dynamic histone modifications contribute to EREG regulation in addition to DNA methylation. Lastly, the combination of 5-aza-CdR and cetuximab exerted a synergistic anti-proliferative effect on gastric cancer cells. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrated for the first time that EREG is epigenetically silenced in gastric cancer cells by aberrant DNA methylation and histone modification. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4017. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4017
Removal of Corneal Crystals by Topical Cysteamine in Nephropathic Cystinosis
Authors: Muriel I. Kaiser-Kupfer, Leslie Fujikawa, Toichiro Kuwabara, Sandeep Jain, William A. Gahl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

In patients with nephropathic cystinosis, corneal crystals develop by one year of age; they progressively accumulate and eventually cause recurrent corneal erosions and photophobia. After an in vitro study of cystinotic corneal stromal cells showed cystine depletion by cysteamine and after topical cysteamine was determined to be nontoxic in rabbits, we performed a controlled double-blind clinical trial of 10 mM cysteamine eyedrops in young patients with cystinosis, using one eye for treatment and the other as the control. Two children begun on the protocol before two years of age had a striking decrease in the number of corneal crystals in the cysteamine-treated eye within four to five months of entering the study. Cysteamine eyedrops appear to be safe and efficacious in the short-term treatment of patients with cystinosis who are under two years of age. The long-term value of such treatment and its effectiveness in older patients remain to be determined.
Toward More Uniform Conflict Disclosures
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Peter W. de Leeuw, Christine Laine, Cynthia Mulrow, Catherine D. DeAngelis, Frank A. Frizelle, Fiona Godlee, Charlotte Haug, Paul C. Hébert, Astrid James, Sheldon Kotzin, Ana Marusic, Humberto Reyes, Jacob Rosenberg, Peush Sahni, Martin B. Van Der Weyden, Getu Zhaori
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
METHOD FOR UTILIZING ETHYL CHLORID IN LOCAL ANALGESIA
Authors: Raymond L. Bradley
Journal: JAMA (1922)

To the Editor:  —I wish to call attention to a simple but effective method of applying the ethyl chlorid spray for local analgesia. I have used this method for the last four years in opening localized infections and in the fulguration of warty growths. The reason that the freezing method as universally used is not effective is that the tissues are so hard that pressure enough to cause pain must be applied before the sharpest knife will cut through the frozen tissues. The method I suggest is to apply the spray so as to form a circle around the area to be incised or fulgurated, care being taken to keep the spray away from the center. The width of the frozen area should be at least half an inch, and there should be at least 1 inch of unfrozen area in the center of the circle. Blowing the breath on
Heartburn in Pernicious Anemia — A Consequence of Bile Reflux
Authors: Roy C. Orlando, Eugene M. Bozymski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

HEARTBURN is thought to result most commonly from reflux of gastric acid from stomach to esophagus,1 although pancreatic-biliary juice has been implicated as a cause in post-gastrectomy patients. Reflux of gastric juice may lead to esophagitis; however, the acid-peptic concept fails to explain heartburn and esophagitis in patients with achlorhydria.2 We recently encountered a patient with pernicious anemia who had heartburn. Studies to elucidate the mechanism for heartburn in the absence of gastric acid form the basis of this report.Case ReportIn 1970, a 52-year-old woman had a megaloblastic anemia that responded to parenteral vitamin B12. Pernicious . . .
Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Low Back Pain
Authors: Willem J.J. Assendelft, Sally C. Morton, Emily I. Yu, Marika J. Suttorp, Paul G. Shekelle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Background: Low back pain is a costly illness for which spinal manipulative therapy is commonly recommended. Previous systematic reviews and practice guidelines have reached discordant results on the effectiveness of this therapy for low back pain. Purpose: To resolve the discrepancies related to use of spinal manipulative therapy and to update previous estimates of effectiveness by comparing spinal manipulative therapy with other therapies and then incorporating data from recent high-quality randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) into the analysis. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and previous systematic reviews. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials of patients with low back pain that evaluated spinal manipulative therapy with at least 1 day of follow-up and at least one clinically relevant outcome measure. Data Extraction: Two authors, who served as the reviewers for all stages of the meta-analysis, independently extracted data from unmasked articles. Comparison treatments were classified into the following seven categories: sham, conventional general practitioner care, analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, back school, or a collection of therapies judged to be ineffective or even harmful (traction, corset, bed rest, home care, topical gel, no treatment, diathermy, and minimal massage). Data Synthesis: Thirty-nine RCTs were identified. Meta-regression models were developed for acute or chronic pain and short-term and long-term pain and function. For patients with acute low back pain, spinal manipulative therapy was superior only to sham therapy (10-mm difference [95% CI, 2 to 17 mm] on a 100-mm visual analogue scale) or therapies judged to be ineffective or even harmful. Spinal manipulative therapy had no statistically or clinically significant advantage over general practitioner care, analgesics, physical therapy, exercises, or back school. Results for patients with chronic low back pain were similar. Radiation of pain, study quality, profession of manipulator, and use of manipulation alone or in combination with other therapies did not affect these results. Conclusions: There is no evidence that spinal manipulative therapy is superior to other standard treatments for patients with acute or chronic low back pain.
Amelioration of Polyuria by Amiloride in Patients Receiving Long-Term Lithium Therapy
Authors: D C Batlle, A B von Riotte, M Gaviria, M Grupp
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus is a common side effect of the treatment of affective disorders with lithium. We studied the effect of amiloride on lithium-induced polyuria in nine such patients receiving maintenance lithium therapy who had a vasopressin-resistant defect in urinary concentrating ability. After a mean (±S.E.) of 24±6 days of amiloride administration, the urine volume fell (from 4.7±0.6 to 3.1±0.3 liters per 24 hours; P<0.005), and the urine osmolality increased (from 228±35 to 331±34 mOsm per kilogram of H20; P<0.001). The decrease in urine output was sustained during six months of observation in the absence of any significant change in plasma levels of lithium, potassium, or bicarbonate; urinary excretion of sodium or lithium; or creatinine clearance. Amiloride administration was also associated with a significant increase in urine osmolality (from 575±54 to 699±48 mOsm per kilogram of H20; P<0.005) measured after fluid deprivation and the injection of exogenous vasopressin. We conclude that amiloride mitigates lithium-induced polyuria, at least partly, by blunting the inhibitory effect of lithium on water transport in the renal collecting tubule. Thus, amiloride may provide a specific therapy for polyuria in lithium-treated patients while obviating the need for potassium supplementation in the treatment of this kind of polyuria. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312:408–14.)
The Police, the Supreme Court and the Physician
Authors: Neil L. Chayet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE days of the incommunicado police interrogation have ended and with their passing will come a greater dependence on the physician as an aid in the gathering of evidence in criminal cases. In a recent landmark case1 the Supreme Court of the United States condemned relentless interrogation along with all forms of badgering, physical force and psychologic duress, all of which the court found to be rather frequently employed by the police.Relying on the Fifth Amendment, which prohibits a person from being forced to speak against himself, the Court held that an accused must now be effectively informed of . . .
Effects of Age, Diet, and Type 2 Diabetes on the Development and FDG Uptake of Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Johanna M.U. Silvola, Antti Saraste, Iina Laitinen, Nina Savisto, V. Jukka O. Laine, Suvi E. Heinonen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Pekka Saukko, Pirjo Nuutila, Anne Roivainen, Juhani Knuuti
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
The Management of Chronic Renal Failure with Peritoneal Lavage.
Authors: Victor Vertes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Management of Chronic Renal Failure with Peritoneal Lavage.Victor Vertes, M.D., F.A.C.P., Dae Yon Lee, M.D., Allan Harris, M.D.Victor Vertes, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Dae Yon Lee, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Allan Harris, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1182_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe development of newer techniques for hemodialysis and peritoneal lavage has renewed interest in the management of patients with chronic renal failure and uremia. Scribner and associates have used chronic hemodialysis to maintain patients with terminal renal failure. The expense of this procedure, however, has limited its usefulness and application.Although a number of patients have been carried on weekly peritoneal lavage, no organized effort to manage a number of patients with chronic renal failure by the method of less frequent peritoneal lavage has been documented. This study demonstrates the efficacy of peritoneal lavage as a valuable adjunct in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1182-1182KeywordsRenal failure Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Worldwide polio suppression gains support
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Poliomyelitis is very much in the news, both in the United States and on the international scene. Researchers are looking into a deterioration in muscular strength reported by some persons who had acute poliomyelitis 30 or 40 years ago but whose condition seemingly has been stable in the years since then. The March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, White Plains, NY, says responses to a questionnaire (mailed to some 200,000 survivors of polio who live in the United States) indicates about 20% may have symptoms similar to those of this "postpolio muscle atrophy." At present, this condition is not believed to result from reinfection with, or reactivation of, the polio virus. Instead, it is hypothesized to be part of the aging process in these survivors, perhaps because the acute polio episode destroyed or damaged some anterior horn cells of the spinal cord and the decrease in these cells that occurs
Molecular Imaging of CXCR4 Receptor Expression in Human Cancer Xenografts with [64Cu]AMD3100 Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Sridhar Nimmagadda, Mrudula Pullambhatla, Kristie Stone, Gilbert Green, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Martin G. Pomper
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its cognate ligand CXCL12 are pivotal for establishing metastases from many tumor types. Thus, CXCR4 may offer a cell surface target for molecular imaging of metastases, assisting diagnosis, staging, and therapeutic monitoring. Furthermore, noninvasive detection of CXCR4 status of a primary tumor may provide an index of the metastatic potential of the lesion. Here, we report the development and evaluation of [64Cu]AMD3100, a positron-emitting analogue of the stem cell mobilizing agent plerixafor to image CXCR4 in human tumor xenografts preselected for graded expression of this receptor. This imaging method was evaluated in lung metastases derived from human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Ex vivo biodistribution studies, performed to validate the in vivo imaging data, confirmed the ability of [64Cu]AMD3100 to image CXCR4 expression. Our findings show the feasibility of imaging CXCR4 by positron emission tomography using a clinically approved agent as a molecular scaffold. Cancer Res; 70(10); 3935–44. ©2010 AACR.
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: J. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Left ventricular hypertrophy is often assumed to be little more than a marker for hypertension. In fact, the relation between diastolic or systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass is not always close.1 2 Left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and death in men and women with hypertension3 4 and in asymptomatic subjects with normal blood.5 6 In hypertensive patients it is a stronger coronary risk factor than casual blood pressure readings.

Early data from the Framingham study showed that patients with ST-T repolarisation abnormalities (“strain”) on the electrocardiogram had a sixfold increase in cardiac deaths over a 20 year follow up period.7

Echocardiography, however, is 5-10 times more sensitive than the electrocardiogram and detects left ventricular hypertrophy in 25-30% of all hypertensive patients.2 In such patients, myocardial infarction or death occurs at the rate of 4.6 events per 100 patient years, three times the risk in patients with hypertension and normal left ventricular mass.3 Women are not spared this increased risk.4 Even in asymptomatic subjects with normal blood pressure, increased left ventricular mass emerges as a risk factor for coronary disease, cardiac death, and all cause mortality.6 The relative risk of all cause mortality is 1.5 in men and 2.0 …
What happens to homeless mentally ill people? Follow up of residents of Oxford hostels for the homeless.
Authors: M. Marshall, D. Gath
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To follow up severely mentally ill residents of hostels for the homeless to determine their social and psychiatric outcome. DESIGN--Follow up at 18 months of hostel residents previously assessed with psychiatric and behavioural measures. SETTING--Two Oxford hostels for the homeless. SUBJECTS--48 hostel residents previously identified as disabled by mental illness. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Current housing, admissions to psychiatric hospital, violent or antisocial behaviour, and score on standardised behavioural rating. RESULTS--45 of the 48 residents were traced. 27 had remained in the hostels; only 10 had been rehoused, mainly in bedsits or with their families. 16 had a poor outcome as judged by death (four subjects), lengthy hospital readmission (two), marked deterioration in behaviour (six), sleeping rough (one), or disappearance (three). CONCLUSION--More effort is needed to provide suitable housing for homeless mentally ill people.
Utility of Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics in Addition to Clinical Factors in the Selection of Patients for Salvage Local Therapy
Authors: Andrew K. Lee, Anthony V. D'Amico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

A detectable and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after radical prostatectomy or a rising PSA above the nadir value after radiation therapy may represent a local failure, distant failure, or both. Determining the site or sites of failure is critical for selecting the appropriate salvage therapy. Nevertheless, although PSA failure precedes clinically evident failure by several years, determining the source of the biochemical failure is often not possible using currently available diagnostic studies. Selecting the optimal therapeutic approach may be guided by the initial clinical factors (eg, T-category, PSA, biopsy Gleason score). If the patient has had a radical prostatectomy, then the pathologic outcomes of the surgery (eg, pathologic T-category and prostatectomy Gleason score, nodal and margin status) may provide further information. Beyond pretreatment clinical and post-treatment pathologic factors, PSA kinetics, and specifically a pretreatment PSA velocity > 2 ng/mL/year, an interval to PSA failure < 3 years and a post-treatment PSA doubling time < 3 months place a man at increased risk for metastases and subsequent prostate cancer-specific mortality, making these men poor candidates for local-only salvage therapy. Therefore, the optimal candidate for local-only salvage therapy is a man whose pretreatment PSA velocity was 2 ng/mL/year or less, interval to PSA failure exceeds 3 years, and post-treatment PSA doubling time is at least 12 months, and who did not have biopsy or prostatectomy Gleason score of 8 to 10 or seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement.
Antenatal HIV testing: current problems, future solutions. survey of uptake in one London hospital
Authors: T. A Duffy, C. D A Wolfe, C. Varden, J. Kennedy, I. L Chrystie, J. E Banatvala
Journal: BMJ (1998)

clinicians in the following hospitals for allowing us to study their patients: Chelsea and Westminster, Hillingdon, Central Middlesex, North Middlesex, West Middlesex, Milton Keynes, Northampton General, Northwick Park, Royal Free,
Convergent and Discriminant Validity of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist
Authors: David Mataix-Cols, Miquel Ángel Fullana, Pino Alonso, Josep Manuel Menchón, Julio Vallejo
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The factor structure of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist (Y-BOCS-SC) has been well established, but its convergent and divergent reliability have yet to be studied. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Fifty-six obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients were administered the clinician-administered Y-BOCS-SC and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), together with the self-administered Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), Padua Inventory (PI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Overall, the correspondence between the Y-BOCS-SC and self-administered measures of OCD symptoms was poor to moderate. Its convergent validity was adequate for its washing dimension but poor for its other dimensions. The discriminant validity of the Y-BOCS-SC was adequate, showing little overlap with overall illness severity (total Y-BOCS) and state measures (BDI, STAI, HRSD). In contrast, self-administered OCD measures were significantly correlated with overall illness severity and state measures. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The convergent validity of the Y-BOCS-SC was generally poor and this could only be partially explained by the incomplete coverage of some OCD symptoms in the self-administered scales. Its discriminant validity was good. Both self- and clinician-administered measures should be used in OCD research, as they seem to measure relatively non-overlapping constructs. Further research on the psychometric properties of the Y-BOCS-SC is needed.
Tumor-associated leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6 skew monocyte differentiation into tumor-associated macrophage-like cells
Authors: Dorothée Duluc, Yves Delneste, Fang Tan, Marie-Pierre Moles, Linda Grimaud, Julien Lenoir, Laurence Preisser, Ignacio Anegon, Laurent Catala, Norbert Ifrah, Philippe Descamps, Erick Gamelin, Hugues Gascan, Mohamed Hebbar, Pascale Jeannin
Journal: Blood (2007)
Bactericidal activity of the alternative complement pathway generated from 11 isolated plasma proteins.
Authors: R D Schreiber, D C Morrison, E R Podack, H J Müller-Eberhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Exposure of E. coli K12 W1485 to the cytolytic alternative pathway assembled from the 11 isolated pathway proteins resulted in killing of the bacteria, as evidenced by loss of viability. Lysis of the bacteria required introduction of lysozyme into the reaction mixture. The time-course and dose dependency of bacteriolysis in the isolated system were identical to those in C4-depleted serum. The bacteriolytic activity of the pathway was highly dependent on the concentration of the pathway proteins and became insignificant at 1:16 physiological concentration. Electron microscopic visualization of killed and of lysed bacteria revealed numerous complement membrane lesions and partial disintegration of the outer phospholipid membrane. Scanning electron microscopy showed that killed bacteria were enlarged, partially collapsed and exhibited irregular surface protrusions. Lysed bacteria were fragmented and appeared polymorphic. This study demonstrates that the alternative pathway, in absence of immunoglobulins, has the potential or eradicating gram-negative bacteria.