tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD43 is a murine T cell costimulatory receptor that functions independently of CD28.
Authors: A I Sperling, J M Green, R L Mosley, P L Smith, R J DiPaolo, J R Klein, J A Bluestone, C B Thompson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Costimulation mediated by the CD28 receptor has been shown to play an important role in the development of a vigorous T cell immune response. Nevertheless, CD28-deficient mice can mount effective T cell-dependent immune responses. These data suggest that other costimulatory molecules may play a role in T cell activation. In a search for other costimulatory receptors on T cells, we have characterized a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that can costimulate T cells in the absence of accessory cells. Similar to CD28 antibodies, this mAb, R2/60, was found to synergize with T cell receptor engagement in inducing proliferation. Independent ligation of CD3 and the ligand recognized by R2/60 results in T cell proliferation, suggesting that the two molecules do not have to colocalize to activate the R2/60 costimulatory pathway. R2/60 does not react with CD28, and furthermore, R2/60 costimulates in a CD28-independent fashion since the mAb costimulates T cells from the CD28-deficient mice as well as wild-type mice. Expression cloning of the R2/60 antigen identified the ligand as murine CD43. Together, these data demonstrate that CD43 can serve as a receptor on T cells that can provide CD28-independent costimulation.
Subtype Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma Predicts Benefit From Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients Undergoing Complete Resection
Authors: Ming-Sound Tsao, Sophie Marguet, Gwénaël Le Teuff, Sylvie Lantuejoul, Frances A. Shepherd, Lesley Seymour, Robert Kratzke, Stephen L. Graziano, Helmut H. Popper, Rafael Rosell, Jean-Yves Douillard, Thierry Le-Chevalier, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Jean-Charles Soria, Elisabeth M. Brambilla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

Purpose The classification for invasive lung adenocarcinoma by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, and WHO is based on the predominant histologic pattern—lepidic (LEP), papillary (PAP), acinar (ACN), micropapillary (MIP), or solid (SOL)—present in the tumor. This classification has not been tested in multi-institutional cohorts or clinical trials or tested for its predictive value regarding survival from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Patients and Methods Of 1,766 patients in the IALT, JBR.10, CALGB 9633 (Alliance), and ANITA ACT trials included in the LACE-Bio study, 725 had adenocarcinoma. Histologies were reclassified according to the new classification and then collapsed into three groups (LEP, ACN/PAP, and MIP/SOL). Primary end point was overall survival (OS); secondary end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and specific DFS (SDFS). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated through multivariable Cox models stratified by trial. Prognostic value was estimated in the observation arm and predictive value by a treatment effect interaction with histologic subgroups. Significance level was set at .01 for pooled analysis. Results A total of 575 patients were included in this analysis. OS was not prognostically different between histologic subgroups, but univariable DFS and SDFS were worse for MIP/SOL compared with LEP or ACN/PAP subgroup (P &lt; .01); this remained marginally significant after adjustment. MIP/SOL patients (but not ACN/PAP) derived DFS and SDFS but not OS benefit from ACT (OS: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.99; interaction P = .18; DFS: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.82; interaction P = &lt; .01; and SDFS: HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.81; interaction P = .01). Conclusion The new lung adenocarcinoma classification based on predominant histologic pattern was not predictive for ACT benefit for OS, but it seems predictive for disease-specific outcomes.
Changing Concepts of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Guy M. McKhann
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Circulatory Effects of Mitral Commissurotomy with Particular Reference to Selection of Patients for Surgery
Authors: M. IRENÉ FERRER, RÉJANE M. HARVEY, ROBERT H. WYLIE, AARON HIMMELSTEIN, ADRIAN LAMBERT, MARVIN KUSCHNER, ANDRÉ COURNAND, DICKINSON W. RICHARDS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Of 60 patients with mitral stenosis referred as proper candidates for commissurotomy, less than half (27) proved suitable after further study. One half of these (13) had a good postoperative result as judged not only clinically but by objective physiologic measurements. The latter represent the best criteria for the effects of surgery since subjective impressions may be unreliable. Eight subjects originally advised to undergo surgery would now be rejected inasmuch as myocardial insufficiency and not mitral block was their predominant difficulty. Clinical criteria appear as yet inadequate for the selection of the proper candidate for mitral commissurotomy, as there is no good clinical means of establishing in every instance the presence of pulmonary hypertension which remains the best evidence of a significant degree of mitral block.
SPONGE-HOLDING FORCEPS WITH BUILT-IN BOTTLE STOPPER
Authors: Paul R. Farrington
Journal: JAMA (1934)

This forceps is designed to be kept constantly in a bottle of volatile antiseptic solution but to be ready for instant use. Incorporating a stopper in the handles prevents evaporation of the solution. An ordinary ring sponge-holding forceps is selected and thoroughly cleaned. A bottle is then chosen which is of sufficient size to allow the forceps to rest in it as far as the ratchet. Cotton is firmly packed in the neck of the bottle about the forceps to prevent the wax from running into the bottle. A thin piece of sheet brass is trimmed to fit and inserted between the handles of the forceps in the neck of the bottle as a partition. Melted dental wax is then poured into the neck of the bottle and molded to make a stopper for the bottle surrounding the handles. The neck of the bottle is then carefully warmed in the Bunsen flame and the wax
Hysterectomy as a Conservative Operation
Authors: J. B. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1899)

impetus to the consideration of methods for dealing with the spread of these diseases.Some of the objects of the Associa- tion are hardly within the sphere of action of this Association as a purely medical body; but it would seem to be most fitting that this Branch of the Association should express its sympathy with, and take an active part in promoting the welfare of the National Association, anld in the formation of a local branch.The details of action to be taken by the Branch, either independently as medical practitioners, or with the co-operation of the public healtlh authority, and the best methods of furthering the objects of thle National Association, will require suchi detailed consideratioin that it will, I think, be necessary to depute their consideration to a special com- mittee.
Prophylaxis in Labor and Delivery
Authors: Ann B. Barnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Providing patients with clear, informative explanations has the beneficial effect of allowing them to participate in their own care. In this week's Journal, Scott and Rose show that childbirth education reduces narcotic use, the number of forceps deliveries and recourse to nerve-block anesthesia during labor. Many physicians remain unconvinced about the advantages of maternal education and consider it costly in time and money.A mere decade ago, conventional wisdom accepted padded side rails, restraints, the wails and writhing of "twilight sleep" (scopolamine, a barbiturate and a narcotic) as the best obstetric practice. The mother had amnesia; the father, relegated . . .
Successfully cured primary esophageal lymphoma in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: S. Park, Y. Jeen, Y. Kwon, B. Keum, Y. Seo, Y. Kim, H. Chun, S. Um, C. Kim, H. Ryu
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

The esophagus is an infrequent site for primary presentation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) [1]. Although rare, this disease should be suspected in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who have recurrent esophageal symptoms and esophageal ulcerations or a mass not responding to antiviral or antifungal therapy [2]. Endoscopy is essential to pathologic diagnosis, serving as a useful tool for differential diagnosis of esophageal diseases seen in AIDS patients. We report a completely healed case of esophageal NHL in an HIV-seropositive patient.
Evolution of hepatic steatosis in patients with advanced hepatitis C: Results from the hepatitis C antiviral long-term treatment against cirrhosis (HALT-C) trial
Authors: Anna S. Lok, James E. Everhart, Raymond T. Chung, Hae‐Young Kim, Gregory T. Everson, John C. Hoefs, Joel K. Greenson, Richard K. Sterling, Karen L. Lindsay, William M. Lee, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Herbert L. Bonkovsky, Marc G. Ghany, Chihiro Morishima
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatic steatosis is a common histologic feature in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) but there are no large longitudinal studies describing the progression of steatosis in CHC. We examined changes in steatosis on serial biopsies among CHC patients participating in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) Trial. All 1050 patients in the trial had advanced fibrosis at baseline biopsy and were documented not to have had a sustained virological response to peginterferon and ribavirin. Most (94%) patients had genotype 1 infection. At least one protocol follow-up biopsy was read on 892 patients, and 699 had the last biopsy performed 3.5 years after randomization. At enrollment, 39% had cirrhosis and 61% had bridging fibrosis; 18%, 41%, 31%, and 10% had steatosis scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 or 4, respectively. The mean steatosis score decreased in the follow-up biopsies in both the interferon-treated patients and controls with no effect of treatment assignment (P = 0.66). A decrease in steatosis score by ≥1 point was observed in 30% of patients and was associated with both progression to cirrhosis and continued presence of cirrhosis (P = 0.02). Compared to patients without a decrease in steatosis, those with a decrease in steatosis had worse metabolic parameters at enrollment, and were more likely to have a decrease in alcohol intake, improvement in metabolic parameters, and worsening liver disease (cirrhosis, esophageal varices, and deterioration in liver function). Conclusion: Serial biopsies demonstrated that in patients with CHC, steatosis recedes during progression from advanced fibrosis to cirrhosis. Decreased alcohol intake and improved metabolic parameters are associated with a decline in steatosis and may modulate hepatitis C progression. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Flow of Liquids Through "Collapsible" Tubes
Authors: J. P. HOLT
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Liquid flowing through a thin-walled "collapsible" tube similar to a vein, inclined to any angle between vertical and slightly above horizontal, differs from the flow in rigid tubes in that: a "collapsible" tube accepts any flow presented to it without affecting the rate of flow through the system; the lateral pressure at all cross sections throughout the tube is zero and does not change as the flow changes; the cross section of the tube and the mean velocity of flow increase as the flow increases; for any particular flow, the cross section increases and the mean velocity of flow diminishes as the potential energy difference between the upper and lower ends of the tube is decreased; for any given flow and potential energy difference, an increase in the length of the tube causes an increase in the cross section and a decrease in the mean velocity; also, an increase in the perimeter of the tube causes an increase in cross section and a decrease in mean velocity, and an increase in the viscosity of the liquid causes an increase in cross section and a reduction in mean velocity. In such tubes there is no lateral pressure gradient between any two cross sections as there is in rigid tubes; instead there is a potential energy gradient which is proportional to the energy loss along the tube. Under certain conditions the flow of liquid through a collapsible tube is described with a reasonable degree of accuracy by a modification of Poiseuille's law for tubes of elliptical cross section.
Human induced pluripotent stem cells are capable of B-cell lymphopoiesis
Authors: Lee Carpenter, Ram Malladi, Cheng-Tao Yang, Anna French, Katherine J. Pilkington, Richard W. Forsey, Jackie Sloane-Stanley, Kathryn M. Silk, Timothy J. Davies, Paul J. Fairchild, Tariq Enver, Suzanne M. Watt
Journal: Blood (2011)
PROCEDURE TYPE RISK GROUPS FOR PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
Authors: Lisa T. Bergersen, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Audrey Marshall, Jacqueline Kreutzer, Robert Beekman, Russel Hirsch, Susan Foerster, David Balzer, Julie Vincent, William Hellenbrand, Ralf Holzer, John Cheatham, John Moore, James Lock, Kathy Jenkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Response to: ‘Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria: a critical appraisal’
Authors: K. Rosén, M. Maurer, H. Hsieh, S. Saini, C. Grattan, A. Gimenéz-Arnau, S. Agarwal, R. Doyle, J. Canvin, A. Kaplan, T. Casale
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Response to: ‘Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria: a critical appraisal’ Get access K. Rosén, K. Rosén Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Maurer, M. Maurer Department of Dermatology, and Allergy Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Hsieh, H. Hsieh Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Saini, S. Saini Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center Baltimore MA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Grattan, C. Grattan Department of Dermatology Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norwich U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Gimenéz‐Arnau, A. Gimenéz‐Arnau Department of Dermatology Hospital del Mar Universitat Autònoma Barcelona Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Agarwal, S. Agarwal Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Doyle, R. Doyle Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Canvin, J. Canvin Novartis Pharmaceuticals Horsham West Sussex U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Kaplan, A. Kaplan Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more T. Casale T. Casale University of South Florida Tampa FL U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 1, 1 July 2014, Pages 15–16, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13075 Published: 01 July 2014
Plasma Renin in Chronic Experimental Heart Failure and during Renal Sodium "Escape" from Mineralocorticoids
Authors: C. I. JOHNSTON, JAMES O. DAVIS, CHARLES A. ROBB, JAMES W. MACKENZIE
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

A striking increase in the plasma renin level occurred in dogs with low output right heart failure secondary to tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonic stenosis and in three of five animals with high output failure produced by a large arteriovenous fistula. When dogs with a small arteriovenous fistula were given daily injections of DOCA, the renal sodium "escape" phenomenon occurred. In these animals, the level of plasma renin was suppressed during DOCA administration both during the initial period of sodium retention and also later when sodium balance was normal or negative. In contrast, when dogs with a larger arteriovenous fistula but without evidence of cardiac failure were given DOCA, they retained sodium and developed signs of congestive heart failure. However, in these animals with congestion and ascites, in contrast to the dogs that developed spontaneous high output failure, the plasma renin was low. Renin-substrate was unaltered in all of the experimental situations studied except for the decrease observed in dogs with low output right heart failure. In these animals, it seems likely that decreased renin-substrate was secondary to hepatic congestion and liver damage. The renin-angiotensin system does not seem to be related to the "escape" phenomenon, and renin does not appear to be the factor that makes the kidney unusually responsive to mineralocorticoids. Thus, in experimental heart failure the renin-angiotensin system was activated, but in the congestive syndrome produced by DOCA the plasma renin level was suppressed.
APOE ∈4 Allele and Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury-Reply
Authors: Norman R. Relkin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

We agree with Dr Gross that a sizable percentage of the professional boxers in our study exhibited abnormalities on neurologic examination. However, our cohort was not randomly selected, and our data cannot be used to accurately estimate the overall prevalence of neurologic impairments in professional boxers. Furthermore, not all abnormal neurologic findings in boxers are indicative of "significant brain injury." Signs and symptoms of chronic traumatic brain injury were mild (12/30) or absent (11/30) in the majority of the boxers we examined. To avoid hyperbole, we recommend that the term<i>significant brain injury</i>be reserved for those instances in which there is actual loss of functional status and/or overt parenchymal brain damage, neither of which was the case with most of the boxers we studied. The purpose of our study was to determine if some boxers are genetically predisposed to chronic neurologic impairments. In our article, we elected not to
Disparities in cognitive functioning by race/ethnicity in the Baltimore Memory Study.
Authors: Brian S Schwartz, Thomas A Glass, Karen I Bolla, Walter F Stewart, Gregory Glass, Meghan Rasmussen, Joseph Bressler, Weiping Shi, Karen Bandeen-Roche
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

The Baltimore Memory Study is a cohort study of the multilevel determinants of cognitive decline in 50-70-year-old randomly selected residents of specific city neighborhoods. Prior studies have demonstrated that cognitive function differs by race/ethnicity, with lower scores in minorities than in whites, but the underlying basis for these differences is not understood. Studies have differed in the rigor with which they evaluated and controlled for such important confounding variables as socioeconomic status (SES), health-related behaviors, comorbid illnesses, and factors in the physical environment. The goal of this study was to describe differences in neurobehavioral test scores by race/ethnicity, before and after control for a four-dimensional measure of SES and health-related behaviors and health conditions, in a cross-sectional analysis of first visit data. Random samples of households in the study area were selected until enrollment goals were reached. Among the 2,351 persons on whom eligibility was determined, 60.8% were scheduled for an enrollment visit; of these, 1,140 (81.3%) were enrolled and tested. These study participants were 34.3% male and 65.7% female and were from 65 Baltimore, Maryland, neighborhoods. After adjustment for age, sex, and testing technician, there were large and statistically significant differences in neurobehavioral test scores by race/ethnicity, with African-American scores lower than those for whites, for both men and women. After adjustment for individual SES (educational status, household income, household assets, and occupational status), the average difference declined by 25.8%. After additional adjustment for SES, health-related behaviors and health conditions, and blood lead, the average difference declined another 10%, but large differences persisted; African Americans had test scores that averaged 0.43 standard deviation lower than those for whites across all neurobehavioral tests. These differences were present in all cognitive domains, including tests that would not be characterized as susceptible to differential item functioning by race/ethnicity, suggesting that the results are not due to race/ethnicity-associated measurement error.
Eating disorders in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a controlled study.
Authors: C G Fairburn, R C Peveler, B Davies, J I Mann, R A Mayou
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of clinical eating disorders and lesser degrees of disturbed eating in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes and a matched sample of non-diabetic female controls. DESIGN--Cross sectional survey of eating habits and attitudes in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. SETTING--Outpatient clinic catering for young adults with diabetes; community sample of non-diabetic women drawn from the lists of two general practices. SUBJECTS--100 patients with insulin dependent diabetes (54 women and 46 men) aged 17-25 and 67 non-diabetic women of the same age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Eating habits and eating disorder psychopathology were assessed by standardised research interview adapted for the assessment of patients with diabetes (eating disorder examination). Glycaemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin assay. RESULTS--In both non-diabetic and diabetic women disturbed eating was common, and in diabetic women the degree of disturbance was related to control of glycaemia. Twenty of the diabetic women (37%) had omitted or underused insulin to influence their weight. This behaviour was not restricted to those with a clinical eating disorder. None of the men showed any features of eating disorders, and none had misused insulin to influence their weight. CONCLUSIONS--There was no evidence that clinical eating disorders are more prevalent in young women with diabetes than in non-diabetic women. Nevertheless, disturbed eating is common and is associated with poor control of glycaemia, and the misuse of insulin to influence body weight is also common in young women with diabetes.