tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE NATURE AND TREATMENT OF VERTIGO.
Authors: J. LEONARD CORNING
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Among the various consequences of organic and functional disturbance of the nervous system with which we are called upon to deal, what is technically known as vertigo is surely one of the most common. Often insidious in its advent, obscure as to ultimate pathology, in its treatment baffling, it has come to be regarded as a most slippery adversary, a kind of ignis fatuus of the clinic, at the view of whose antics and illusive ways erudition and experience stand aghast. Yet despite the unsatisfactory condition of present knowledge, there is no denying the eminent practical importance of the subject. Consider for a moment the amount of apprehension and annoyance caused by the symptom itself; then its frequency, as an accompaniment or sequence of the most disparate pathological conditions, and you will concede, I think, that a warrant is provided, sufficient to justify a careful sifting of available data, an
696. Tumor Vaccine Combined with Cytokines and Suicide Gene Therapy for Canine Spontaneous Melanoma
Authors: Liliana M.E. Finocchiaro, Marie E. Maminska, Pablo J.J. Castillo, Armando L. Karara, Gabriel L. Fiszman, María D. Riveros, Gerardo C. Glikin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Canine malignant melanoma, a spontaneous, highly aggressive and metastatic tumor that usually appears in the oral cavity, nail bed and mucocutaneous junction, is a useful animal model of human malignant melanoma. As an adjuvant treatment of surgery, we evaluated the safety, efficacy, and antitumoral effects of a vaccine containing both melanoma cells and genetically modified cells secreting human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) and human interleukin-2 (hIL-2), simultaneous to herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HSVtk) suicide gene therapy. Treated canine patients (T) were subjected to: (i) surgery followed by multiple injections of lipid-complexed plasmid DNA encoding HSVtk co-administrated with ganciclovir (GCV) in the areas surrounding the excised tumor; (ii) periodic subcutaneous injection of living irradiated xenogenic cells secreting hGM-CSF and hIL-2 mixed with formolized autologous tumor cells concurrent with (iii) periodic multiple intra and/or peritumoral injections of HSVtk-carrying lipoplexes and GCV, in cases of partial tumor resection or local relapse. The study was intended as an initial weekly treatment for 5-weeks, followed by a biweekly, a monthly and finally a bimonthly treatment according to the patient's response. Control patients (C) were subjected only to surgical tumor excision. This treatment did neither produce significant changes in complete blood counts or serum biochemical parameters nor induce systemic toxicity, organ dysfunction or fever in any patient. Some patients developed transient peritumoral edema after injection and/or induration at the vaccination sites. Treatment diminished local relapse from 95 % (C) to 38 % (T) and regional metastases (linfonodules) from 32 % (C) to 8 % (T), increasing survival free of distant metastases (as evidenced by X-rays and ultrasound) from 50 (C) to 71 (T) %. These effects suggest systemic antitumor immunity. In addition, there was a 3-fold (T/C) rise of mean survival rate of dead patients (p<0.001, ANOVA), and a 4-fold (T/C) rise of median survival rate (p<0.001, Kaplan-Meier analysis). The complete treatment induced local antitumor activity, as evidenced by tumor regression and the development of pronounced infiltration of immune cells in cases of partial surgery or relapse. The antitumor efficacy of the suicide gene treatment was verified by complete remissions in 57 % (4/7) of the patients with local relapse, while partial resection of the tumor resulted in 100 % (6/6) of a long-lasting local stable disease that slowly led to a progressive disease. In conclusion, the use of this treatment after surgical removal of the tumor could delay or prevent post-surgical recurrence and metastases, with the consequent quality of life and survival rate improvement. (SEe Table)
NK cell activity decreases in thermal injury
Authors: Elizabeth Rasche González
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Natural killer (NK) cells, a type of cytotoxic cell, lose their murderous proclivities in response to severe thermal injury. So reported Marshall D. Stein, PhD, at the recent Chicago meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB). This finding might help to explain why burn patients are unusually susceptible to viral infection. Stein, who is assistant professor, departments of surgery and microbiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, and chief, Division of Immunology/ Microbiology, Shriners Burn Institute, Galveston, found that NK cells (which appear to be large granular lymphocytes that lyse not only viral targets but also certain tumor cell lines) were strikingly inactive in badly burned patients. In a now-standard laboratory technique, he and colleagues Gary R. Klimpel, PhD, and David N. Herndon, MD, tested NK activity in vitro in blood samples from 14 normal control subjects and 15 burn patients against radiolabeled cells of an erythroid
Interleukin-15 expression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome)
Authors: S. Leroy, S. Dubois, I. Tenaud, N. Chebassier, A. Godard, Y. Jacques, B. Dreno
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Cytokines are of potential importance in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T‐cell mediated disorders, including cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). Objectives To compare interleukin (IL)‐15 expression in certain inflammatory cutaneous diseases, with that in CTCL (mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome). Methods IL‐15 mRNA and protein expression were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively, on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsies of normal human skin, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, parapsoriasis and CTCL. Results Despite similar expression of IL‐15 mRNA, we found differences in IL‐15 protein expression between normal human skin, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis on the one hand, and parapsoriasis and CTCL on the other. IL‐15 protein expression was not detected in normal human skin, atopic dermatitis or psoriasis, but was detected, mainly at low levels but in a few patients at higher levels, in epidermal keratinocytes in parapsoriasis, mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Conclusions Induction of keratinocyte IL‐15 expression appears to be a feature of CTCL. The factors stimulating such an expression remain unknown.
Type I Triple Cardiac Rhythm in Normal Hearts
Authors: P. J. O'Meara
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICALJOUTRNLcases, three (Cases 1, 3, 5) had previously failed to respond satisfactorily to E.C.T.It will be evident from this series that synhexyl is as effective in the milder forms of dysoxia as in the purely neurotic-depressive states.As regards the mechanism of improvement, it should be pointed out that synhexyl does not effect a permanent " cure " in the same way as electro-anoxia does in typical dysoxic depressions.The effect lasts only during the period of administration of the drug; it is therefore a substitution therapy, like insulin treatment in diabetes or liver extract in pernicious anaemria.The action would seem to be a combination of stimulation and depression, resulting in a general raising of the anhedonic threshold.The principal site of action of the drug is almost certainly the thalamic centres and their cortical connexions, as is the case with morphine and other powerful central analgesic drugs.The beneficial effects of synhexyl do not appear to be adversely affected by chronicity, concomitant organic disease, or the presence of an organic brain lesion, whether pathologically or surgically induced.There is evidence, however, that drugs of this class are ineffective in the acute dysoxic depressions, and cannot be regarded as substitutes for anoxic therapy in this form of metabolic brain disease.General Conclusions The results of these preliminary trials would suggest that we have in this class of compounds a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of the chronic and intractable depressive states.Synhexyl, the most active of this class, has the advantages of low toxicity, minimum of side- effects, ease of administration, and chemical stability.Its use is not contraindicated by the presence of coexisting organic disease, and it is suitable for out-patient practice.Its use does not interfere with other therapeutic measures, such as occupational therapy and psychotherapy.It is free from the risks and disadvantages of the more drastic forms of treatment, and might replace those methods for the milder depressions of later life where for any reaso-n the more drastic procedures are contraindicated.Its main drawbacks at present are its insoluble nature, slow and uncertain action, and comparatively weak anal- gesic effect, so that it is relatively ineffective in the severer forms of sensory thalamic dysfunction syndrome.Experiments are at present in progress with the object of pro- ducing a water-soluble form with a higher degree of analgesic activity.Summary The syndrome of thalamic dysfunction and the principles of its treatment with euphorigenic drugs are described.The properties and pharmacology of synhexyl, a new drug of the synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol class, are examined.The results of therapeutic trials with the drug in a series of 50 depressive patients are given.My acknowledgments are due to the following: The Research Department of Roche Products Ltd. and
Reply to Marco Ennas and Alchiede Simonato's Letter to the Editor re: Seong Cheol Kim, Cheryn Song, Wansuk Kim, et al. Factors Determining Functional Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy: Robot-Assisted Versus Retropubic. Eur Urol 2011;60:413–9
Authors: Cheryn Song, Hanjong Ahn
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Abstract LB-126: Cancer-retina antigens as potential therapeutic targets for immunotherapy
Authors: Maria Jesiak, Wolfram Osen, Adriane Gardyan, Sabine Soltek, Anita Heinzelmann, Alexandr Bazhin, Stefan Eichmueller
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Melanoma is a fast progressing tumor, which originates from melanocytes and it is known to be highly resistant to many therapies. Although it has been proven to be very immunogenic and a number of various melanoma associated antigens are well known, nevertheless, the immune response of the patients is often not able to fight back and eliminate all tumor cells. It has been recently shown that a new class of tumor antigens, called cancer-retina antigens (CRA), apart from being expressed in a healthy retina, can be expressed at the mRNA and protein level in melanoma. The aberrant expression of transducin, cGMP-phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6), guanylyl cyclase, recoverin and arrestin have been detected in tumor cells of melanoma patients and in tumor-bearing mice. These antigens can elicit humoral and cellular immune responses. We aim to investigate if CRA could serve as potential target antigens for immunotherapy approaches against melanoma. Among these antigens, human PDE6 was selected and analyzed for its immunogenicity in normal C57BL/6 mice and in HLA-DRB1*0301tg mice. Human (xenogenic) PDE6 alpha has been cloned and used for DNA immunization of BL/6 and HLA transgenic mice. By IFN-γ ELISPOT assay employing synthetic peptide libraries, immunogenic peptides have been identified and CRA specific T cell epitopes were determined. Further on, PDE6-specific T cells lines will be generated and their therapeutic efficiency will be checked in transplantable tumor mouse models or in transgenic mice with spontaneous melanoma formation. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from tumor patients will be analyzed for the presence of specific T cells against the epitopes identified in HLA-transgenic mice. These T cells will be expanded and tested for their reactivity against HLA-matched human melanoma cell lines in vitro. Finally, both established CRA-specific T-cell lines and synthetic polypeptides will be tested as vaccines in therapeutical and preventive settings in melanoma animal tumor models. Immunized animals will be monitored for any signs of autoimmune retinopathy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-126. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-126
Activation and regulation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 in human leprosy
Authors: Stephan R. Krutzik, Maria Teresa Ochoa, Peter A. Sieling, Satoshi Uematsu, Yolanda W. Ng, Annaliza Legaspi, Philip T. Liu, Stewart T. Cole, Paul J. Godowski, Yumi Maeda, Euzenir N. Sarno, Michael V. Norgard, Patrick J. Brennan, Shizuo Akira, Thomas H. Rea, Robert L. Modlin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Decision making for routine measles/MMR and whooping cough immunisation
Authors: A Beattie
Journal: BMJ (1988)

due to various compounds such as barbiturates, organophosphates, and antihistamines'.Like Dr D G Menezies and his colleagues, we had to face the problem of pulmonary aspiration of the charcoal (13 August, p 459); three of our patients developed this complication and died, despite the prior administration of parenteral metoclopramide and ranitidine.To overcome this problem in the next six patients with reduced consciousness we passed a cuffed endotracheal tube before starting treatment with charcoal.The endotracheal tube was retained for the next 48 hours, and since then we have not encountered a problem with aspiration.
Feeding tubes in dementia: is there an effective UK strategy?
Authors: D S Sanders, Karna D Bardhan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In their quality improvement report Monteleoni and Clark showed a reduction in the number of gastrostomy tubes inserted (in patients with dementia) after specific quality interventions had been implemented.1 We would like to add two points to the debate.

Firstly, how applicable is this observation to the United Kingdom? We have previously reported a high mortality in patients with dementia who have a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube inserted.2 As a result …
Testicular torsion in older men.
Authors: M J Dennis, S F Fahim, P T Doyle
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Haspercutaneous transluminal laserangioplasty been tried on the carotid arteries?Percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty has largely been confined to the peripheral arteries because of the dangers of vessel perforation and distal embolisation.Studies reporting its use in the carotid arteries have principally been experimental, but there is a report of it having been used in one patient without complications.' v RUCKLEY, consultant vascular surgeon, Edinburgh.
The Effect of Cortisone on Experimentally Produced Myocardial Infarcts
Authors: NORMAN G. HEPPER, RAYMOND D. PRUITT, DAVID E. DONALD, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Administration of a moderately large or large dose of cortisone to dogs having acute myocardial infarctions inhibited slightly the rate of removal of necrotic muscle fibers in these animals as compared with untreated animals. Delay was appreciable at four and six days after production of the infarct in animals receiving 2.5 mg. of cortisone per kilogram of body weight and at 4, 6, 12 and 21 days in animals receiving 10 mg. per kilogram. At all other periods up to essentially complete healing of the infarcts as defined at 60 days, no appreciable differences existed between treated and untreated animals.
A new type of electrode for continuous recording of monophasic action potentials from the heart in situ
Authors: L. SZEKERES, J. SZURGENT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article A new type of electrode for continuous recording of monophasic action potentials from the heart in situ Get access L. SZEKERES, L. SZEKERES From the Department of Pharmacology, Szeged University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. SZURGENT J. SZURGENT 2 From the Department of Pharmacology, Szeged University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary 2Present address: Department of Dermatology, István Hospital, Budapest, Hungary. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 132–137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.1.132 Published: 01 January 1974
The Woman Beneath the Skin: A Doctor's Patients in Eighteenth-Century Germany
Authors: Jacalyn Duffin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

It may come as a surprise to physicians that the newest frontier in medical history is neither the "patient" nor the "disease" but the "body." Recently, historians and doctors have accepted that disease can be "constructed" along lines dictated by social factors, such as gender, race, and class. Without disputing these possibilities, Duden points out that even the most sensitive of social-constructionist analyses tends to accept biology as an "immutable" reality. She challenges this immutability by exploring perceptions of the female body through 1800 case histories written by Johann Pelargius Storch (1681-c 1752) and develops the intriguing notion that Cartesian three-dimensionality may not have been "discovered" so much as "invented." Like the unheard sound of the proverbial tree falling in a deserted forest, Duden suggests, the organic body may not have existed prior to its invention, and historians should not assume that it did. Her provocative premise is important; however
Controlled release systems for DNA delivery
Authors: Angela K. Pannier, Lonnie D. Shea
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Adapting controlled release technologies to the delivery of DNA has the potential to overcome extracellular barriers that limit gene therapy. Controlled release systems can enhance gene delivery and increase the extent and duration of transgene expression relative to more traditional delivery methods (e.g., injection). These systems typically deliver vectors locally, which can avoid distribution to distant tissues, decrease toxicity to nontarget cells, and reduce the immune response to the vector. Delivery vehicles for controlled release are fabricated from natural and synthetic polymers, which function either by releasing the vector into the local tissue environment or by maintaining the vector at the polymer surface. Vector release or binding is regulated by the effective affinity of the vector for the polymer, which depends upon the strength of molecular interactions. These interactions occur through nonspecific binding based on vector and polymer composition or through the incorporation of complementary binding sites (e.g., biotin-avidin). This review examines the delivery of nonviral and viral vectors from natural and synthetic polymers and presents opportunities for continuing developments to increase their applicability.
LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT OF THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR INSERTION POINT PREDICTS SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Benjamin H. Freed, Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Sonal Chandra, Stuart Rich, Ernest Jamison, Stephen Archer, Roberto M. Lang, Amit R. Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Transcriptional Regulation of Cardiac Progenitor Cell Populations
Authors: Amanda M. Masino, Teresa D. Gallardo, Celeste A. Wilcox, Eric N. Olson, R. Sanders Williams, Daniel J. Garry
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

Transcriptome-wide analysis of dynamically regulated progenitor cell populations has the potential to elucidate key aspects of cardiac development. The heart, as the first organ to develop in the mammal, is a technically challenging but clinically relevant target for study. To define the transcriptional program of the cardiac progenitor, we used a novel transgenic strategy and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to reliably label and isolate cardiac progenitors directly from mouse embryos. Pure populations of cardiac progenitor cells were isolated from the cardiac crescent and 2 subsequent stages of heart development: the linear heart tube and the looping heart. RNA was isolated from stage-specific cardiac progenitors and subjected to transcriptome analysis by oligonucleotide array hybridization. The cardiac transcriptional regulatory programs were compared with the molecular programs of age-matched noncardiac embryonic cells, embryonic stem cells, adult cardiomyocytes, and each other to identify sets of genes exhibiting differential expression in the cardiac progenitor cell population. These results define the transcriptional profile of mammalian cardiac progenitor cells and provide insight into the molecular regulation of the earliest periods of heart development.
Fish Oil for IgA Nephropathy?
Authors: Charles van Ypersele de Strihou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

A quarter of a century ago, Jean Berger, using recently developed immunofluorescence methods, discovered diffuse mesangial deposits of IgA on light microscopy of kidneys with focal, glomerular lesions.1 IgA nephropathy is now the most common form of glomerulonephritis throughout the world, accounting for up to 10 percent of patients treated for end-stage renal disease.2 Patients with IgA nephropathy have better long-term outcomes than those with other forms of glomerulonephritis; their frequency of end-stage renal disease is 13 to 20 percent 10 years after diagnosis and 25 to 34 percent 20 years after diagnosis.3 As in most other forms of glomerulonephritis, . . .
THE INACTIVATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS BY PHOSPHATASE ENZYMES
Authors: Harold Amos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Tissue phosphatases which are present in virus suspensions were found to contribute in considerable measure to the inactivation of herpes simplex virus. Phosphatase inhibitors and phosphatase substrates have been found to prolong the survival of the virus. Exogenous phosphatases, both acid and alkaline, have been demonstrated to bring about the loss of infectivity of suspensions of this virus.
Can mutualistic morality predict how individuals deal with benefits they did not deserve?
Authors: Jean-François Bonnefon, Vittorio Girotto, Marco Heimann, Paolo Legrenzi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract An individual obtains an unfair benefit and faces the dilemma of either hiding it (to avoid being excluded from future interactions) or disclosing it (to avoid being discovered as a deceiver). In line with the target article, we expect that this dilemma will be solved by a fixed individual strategy rather than a case-by-case rational calculation.
Cast of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: J. R. Wardell
Journal: BMJ (1871)

Such is a brief outline of the treatment which I adopt in cases of menorrhagia depending on the three causes I have mentioned, a line of treatment I have not ventured to advocate till I had first given it a full and protracted trial.My experience having now ex- tended over a period of several years, a term sufficiently long to allow of my testing the results, I can now say that those results have been eminently satisfactory.
`Emergency'—A Redefinition
Authors: Terrence S. Carden
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The essence of the concept emergency is a situation that demands immediate action. In medicine, an emergency has been considered traditionally as a situation that required immediate intervention by the physician to preserve the patient's life or limb. Traditional medical emergencies include severe trauma, shock and other cardiovascular catastrophes, and a variety of other life-threatening clinical conditions. In the busiest medical practice, truly life-threatening situations are uncommon. Physicians who devote their lives to emergency medicine can expect to encounter such problems in 2% to 5% of their patients—just a bit more than any other busy primary care practitioner. However, in the course of their practices, physicians are often called on to make immediate diagnostic or therapeutic decisions. Such situations may not constitute medical emergencies in the traditional sense, but for the physician involved, for the family, and for the patient, the experience may represent a true emergency. What this implies