tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A textbook of histology
Authors: Noah D. Fabricant
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The eighth edition of this book maintains the high standards set by preceding editions. Due to the rapidity with which the biological and medical worlds undergo change, it has been greatly rewritten, keeping pace with advances made in the fields of polarization microscopy, x-ray diffraction, autoradiography, immunohistological methodology, and physical and biochemical procedures for the analysis of such complex materials as collagen, nucleic acids, and myoglobin. The role of nucleic acids is especially significant to contemporary readers because of enhanced interest in genetics and in the control of the synthetic activities of cells. Various chapters have been revised, notably those dealing with cytoplasmic and nuclear constituents, electron microscopy, bone, muscle, glands, nerve, connective tissue, the retina, the male generative system, the thymus, pineal skin, kidney, blood, myeloid tissue, liver, stomach, and pancreas, to name an outstanding group. As a textbook addressed to students of medicine and biology, it is eminently
A New Instrument Utilizing Controlled Air Pressure for Dilating Spastic Lesions of the Esophagus (Especially of the Cardia).
Authors: FRANK SMITHIES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 April 1930A New Instrument Utilizing Controlled Air Pressure for Dilating Spastic Lesions of the Esophagus (Especially of the Cardia).FRANK SMITHIES, M.D., Sc.D.FRANK SMITHIES, M.D., Sc.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-10-991 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor more than ten years there has been no advance suggested in instruments constructed for the purpose of treating esophageal lesions of the "spastic type (esophagismus, spasm at the cardia, cardiospasm).This report describes a dilator useful, particularly, in the radical local management of cardiospasm associated with diffuse dilation of the esophagus.Commonly, instrumentation for the relief of this syndrome is attempted by the "hydrostatic," elongated balloon described many years ago by Henry Plummer. Excellent though Plummer's apparatus is, it has several faults and limitations: (1) A source of running water is required: such demand limits use of the instrument... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANK SMITHIES, M.D., Sc.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLiver Function in Psoriasis11Read before the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology, Atlantic City, N.J., June 10, 1947.Primary Systematized Amyloidosis with Macroglossia: A Syndrome Related to Bence-Jones Proteinuria and Myeloma11Presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology, San Francisco California June 30, 1946. 1 April 1930Volume 3, Issue 10Page: 991-994KeywordsCardiaCardiospasmEsophagusLesionsRunning ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Optic Nerve
Authors: Thomas R. Hedges
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The editor did an outstanding job in compiling this symposium. There were 43 papers presented in this volume, all excellent. I will comment briefly on six. Few people have a central artery of the optic nerve, and such individuals do not naturally have an axial blood supply. The blood supply of the optic nerve and papilla is by way of the ciliary vessels that form the circumferential cuff around the nerve and also form the circle of Zinn. This anatomic fact is well illustrated in the beautiful paper by McMichael and Cullen on ischemic optic neuropathy, showing the involvement of these vessels with giant cell arteritis and subsequent ischemia of the optic nerve head. Hill and Griffith confirm the hitherto poorly recognized fact that in central retinal artery occlusion the changes in the optic nerve are secondary to neuronal degeneration and not to primary vascular involvement of the optic nerves.
Clinical radiology of the biliary tract.
Authors: John H. Gilmore
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Excluding personal opinions, there is no information presented in this volume which has not been previously given to medical literature. However, the author has combined discussion of the newer techniques with the older, well-developed procedures which are now considered daily routine. Old questions which previously have been answered are again answered. Other old questions are still unanswered, such as, why a gallbladder will not visualize one day with one procedure and will the next with a different one. Information in this volume is particularly useful for charting patient's records in all types of examinations and for the preparation of patients. Many readers will enjoy the support the author gives to the uselessness of the so-called "double dose" of gallbladder dye in oral cholecystography, as well as his advocacy of the use of simple fat when preparing for routine gallbladder visualization. Some disagreement should be voiced about the author's implication of
Intestinal nematode infection and anaemia in developing countries
Authors: Shally Awasthi, Donald Bundy
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Deworming and iron supplementation are cheap and effective

In low and middle income countries, about 1.2 billion people are infected with roundworm ( Ascaris lumbricoides) , and more than 700 million are infected with hookworm ( Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale ) or whipworm ( Trichuris trichiura ).1 Infection with intestinal nematodes is linked with poverty because of its association with unsafe disposal of faeces, in which the infective stages develop. 

Infection can occur in all age groups but is most common in school age children. Though infection can be fatal,2 the major burden of disease is due to its insidious effects on physical and cognitive development during childhood.3 Anaemia, for example, is commonly associated with infection and can impair cognitive ability.4 In areas of high prevalence of infection in East Africa, 15-25% of anaemia in schoolchildren is due to hookworm infection.5

In this week's BMJ , a systematic …
Neck Pain, Headache, and Loss of Equilibrium After Athletic Injury in a 15-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Donald L. Roback
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>History</h3> A 15-year-old muscular boy had diffuse neck pain, severe headache, and difficulties with balance two days after a flexion injury of the neck that occurred when he was struck from behind while playing football. The patient denied experiencing radicular pain, blurring of vision, double vision, weakness, numbness, or difficulties with memory or speech. No history of neurological illness was elicited. On examination moderate tenderness was found over the posterior spine in the C2-C3 region, and paraspinal muscle spasm was present over the upper cervical region. Findings from the neurological examination were otherwise within normal limits. Radiological studies were performed (Fig 1 and 2). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Os odontoideum. A small corticated ossicle is observed in close continuity with the anterior arch of the atlas, which is separated from the base of the odontoid by a wide gap, with the cleavage plane above the level of the superior articular facets extending upward
Identifying women with suspected ovarian cancer in primary care: derivation and validation of algorithm
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, C. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To derive and validate an algorithm to estimate the absolute risk of having ovarian cancer in women with and without symptoms. <b>Design</b> Cohort study with data from 375 UK QResearch general practices for development and 189 for validation. <b>Participants</b> Women aged 30-84 without a diagnosis of ovarian cancer at baseline and without appetite loss, weight loss, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, rectal bleeding, or postmenopausal bleeding recorded in previous 12 months. <b>Main outcome</b> The primary outcome was incident diagnosis of ovarian cancer recorded in the next two years. <b>Methods</b> Risk factors examined included age, family history of ovarian cancer, previous cancers other than ovarian, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol, deprivation, loss of appetite, weight loss, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, rectal bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, urinary frequency, diarrhoea, constipation, tiredness, and anaemia. Cox proportional hazards models were used to develop the risk equation. Measures of calibration and discrimination assessed performance in the validation cohort. <b>Results</b> In the derivation cohort there were 976 incident cases of ovarian cancer from 2.03 million person years. Independent predictors were age, family history of ovarian cancer (9.8-fold higher risk), anaemia (2.3-fold higher), abdominal pain (sevenfold higher), abdominal distension (23-fold higher), rectal bleeding (twofold higher), postmenopausal bleeding (6.6-fold higher), appetite loss (5.2-fold higher), and weight loss (twofold higher). On validation, the algorithm explained 57.6% of the variation. The receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) statistic was 0.84, and the D statistic was 2.38. The 10% of women with the highest predicted risks contained 63% of all ovarian cancers diagnosed over the next two years. <b>Conclusion</b> The algorithm has good discrimination and calibration and, after independent validation in an external cohort, could potentially be used to identify those at highest risk of ovarian cancer to facilitate early referral and investigation. Further research is needed to assess how best to implement the algorithm, its cost effectiveness, and whether, on implementation, it has any impact on health outcomes.
Frequencies of circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells and dendritic cells in Egyptian patients with chronic Hepatitis C Virus infection undergoing treatment with IFN-α-based therapy
Authors: Mohamed L Salem, Abdel-Aziz A Zidan, Mohamed Abou Senna, Abdel Raouf Abou Al-Azm, Hasan Albatei, Maha Aldemelaawy, Mohamed Attia
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is epidemic in Egypt and causes chronic hepatitis. Anti-HCVtherapy (IFN-α and Ribavirin) is only effective in 60% of patients with chronic HCV infection. This failure which is often associates with suppression of immunity results in progression of the
Validation of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for quantifying right ventricular volume: an in vitro study in static and pulsatile RV models
Authors: Sebastian T. Schindera, Petra S. Mahwald, Rosemary A. Rusk, Heike Goebel, Deniz Kececioglu, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Psoriatic arthritis screening tools: study design and methodological challenges
Authors: J.F. Merola, M.E. Husni, A.A. Qureshi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: No external funding. Conflicts of interest: A.A.Q. has licensed the PASE questionnaire to Merck and Pfizer, has received a grant from Amgen, and is a consultant for Jansen, Novartis and Abbott. J.F.M. is a consultant for Biogen IDEC, an investigator for Amgen and has served on an advisory board for Amgen. M.E.H. has licensed the PASE questionnaire as above, and has also acted as a consultant for UCB, Amgen, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb and Abbott. Dear Editor, In their study ‘Comparison of three screening tools to detect psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis (CONTEST study)’, Coates et al.1 compared three published, validated screening tools for psoriatic arthritis (PsA), the Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening project (PEST), the Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screen (ToPAS) and the Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (PASE) tools.1 2 3 4 5 We would like to address how PASE was not adequately or appropriately compared in this setting.
First report of phase 2 study of dasatinib with hyper-CVAD for the frontline treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Farhad Ravandi, Susan O'Brien, Deborah Thomas, Stefan Faderl, Dan Jones, Rebecca Garris, Samuel Dara, Jeffrey Jorgensen, Partow Kebriaei, Richard Champlin, Gautam Borthakur, Jan Burger, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, William Wierda, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2010)
Hypoxia induces a specific set of stress proteins in cultured endothelial cells.
Authors: L H Zimmerman, R A Levine, H W Farber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) are the initial cells within the vascular wall exposed to decreases in blood ambient oxygen concentration. The mechanisms by which they tolerate low levels of oxygen are unknown, but may parallel the response to other cellular stresses, such as heat shock. After 4-8 h of hypoxia, we found a decrease in total protein synthesis in both cultured bovine aortic and pulmonary arterial EC. SDS-PAGE and autoradiographic analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins demonstrated the concomitant induction of a specific set of proteins (Mr 34, 36, 47, and 56 kD) in both cell types. These hypoxia-associated proteins (HAPs) were cell-associated and up-regulated in a time- and oxygen concentration-dependent manner. Comparison of these proteins with heat shock proteins (HSPs) demonstrated that HAPs were distinct from HSPs. EC maintained chronically in 3% O2 continued to synthesize elevated levels of HAPs, yet further up-regulated these proteins when exposed to 0% O2. The presence of five times the normal media glucose concentration did not alter the appearance of HAPs. Hypoxia sensitive renal tubular epithelial cells up-regulated no proteins corresponding to HAPs and were irreversibly damaged within 8 h of exposure to 0% O2. In vitro translation experiments demonstrated that the steady-state level of several mRNAs was higher in the anoxic EC than in normoxic EC and encoded for proteins of Mr 32, 35, 37, 40, and 48 kD that were different from proteins encoded by HSP mRNAs. The induction of HAPs during acute hypoxia and their continued synthesis in chronic hypoxia suggest that HAPs may be important in the maintenance of endothelial cell integrity under conditions of decreased ambient oxygen.
Bilateral Striatal Necrosis Associated with<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>Infection
Authors: Miriam van Buiren, Markus Uhl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Fever and neutropenia developed in a 14-year-old girl after she received intensive chemotherapy for her third relapse of pre–B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, including intrathecal therapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, and prednisone. She had headache, nausea, and photophobia and became increasingly confused and somnolent; a chest radiograph showed an interstitial pattern. A T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of her skull (with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) showed high-signal lesions involving all basal ganglia except the thalami (Panel A). The cerebrospinal fluid protein level was markedly increased. A polymerase-chain-reaction assay for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid was negative. Although the serum IgM . . .
From Harmless Commensal to Invasive Pathogen
Authors: Jerome O. Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Coagulase-negative staphylococci are constituents of the normal microflora of the skin, but they are also capable of harming patients who have benefited from medical innovations such as cerebrospinal fluid shunts, intravascular catheters, peritoneal dialysis, prosthetic heart valves, and joint prostheses. In this issue of the Journal, Freeman and colleagues1 report the results of a case–control study of risk factors associated with bacteremia due to coagulase-negative staphylococci in infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infants with bacteremia were significantly more likely than control infants to have received an intravenous lipid emulsion shortly before the onset of bacteremia. These data . . .
Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Carcinomas of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter
Authors: Noriomi Miyao, Naoya Masumori, Atsushi Takahashi, Masamichi Sasai, Toshihiro Hisataki, Hiroshi Kitamura, Masaaki Satoh, Taiji Tsukamoto
Journal: European Urology (1998)
A systematic review of compression treatment for venous leg ulcers
Authors: A. Fletcher, N. Cullum, T. A Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To estimate the clinical and cost effectiveness of compression systems for treating venous leg ulcers. <b>Methods:</b> Systematic review of research. Search of 19 electronic databases including Medline, CINAHL, and Embase. Relevant journals and conference proceedings were hand searched and experts were consulted. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Rate of healing and proportion of ulcers healed within a time period. <b>Study selection:</b> Randomised controlled trials, published or unpublished, with no restriction on date or language, that evaluated compression as a treatment for venous leg ulcers. <b>Results:</b> 24 randomised controlled trials were included in the review. The research evidence was quite weak: many trials had inadequate sample size and generally poor methodology. Compression seems to increase healing rates. Various high compression regimens are more effective than low compression. Few trials have compared the effectiveness of different high compression systems. <b>Conclusions:</b> Compression systems improve the healing of venous leg ulcers and should be used routinely in uncomplicated venous ulcers. Insufficient reliable evidence exists to indicate which system is the most effective. More good quality randomised controlled trials in association with economic evaluations are needed, to ascertain the most cost effective system for treating venous leg ulcers. <h3>Key messages</h3> Compression treatment increases the healing of ulcers compared with no compression High compression is more effective than low compression but should only be used in the absence of significant arterial disease No clear differences in the effectiveness of different types of compression systems (multilayer and short stretch bandages and Unna9s boot) have been shown Intermittent pneumatic compression appears to be a useful adjunct to bandaging Rather than advocate one particular system, the increased use of any correctly applied high compression treatment should be promoted
Corticosteroid effect on early beta-adrenergic down-regulation durign circulatory shock: Hemodynamic study and beta-adrenergic receptor assay
Authors: T. Saito, M. Takanashi, E. Gallagher, A. Fuse, S. Suzaki, O. Inagaki, K. Yamada, R. Ogawa
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1995)
Monitoring of the Biological Response to Murine Hindlimb Ischemia With <sup>64</sup> Cu-Labeled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Jürgen K. Willmann, Kai Chen, Hui Wang, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Mark Rollins, Weibo Cai, David S. Wang, Ian Y. Chen, Olivier Gheysens, Martin Rodriguez-Porcel, Xiaoyuan Chen, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Vascular endothelial growth factor-121 (VEGF 121 ), an angiogenic protein secreted in response to hypoxic stress, binds to VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) overexpressed on vessels of ischemic tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 64 Cu-VEGF 121 positron emission tomography for noninvasive spatial, temporal, and quantitative monitoring of VEGFR2 expression in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia with and without treadmill exercise training. Methods and Results— 64 Cu-labeled VEGF 121 and a VEGF mutant were tested for VEGFR2 binding specificity in cell culture. Mice (n=58) underwent unilateral ligation of the femoral artery, and postoperative tissue ischemia was assessed with laser Doppler imaging. Longitudinal VEGFR2 expression in exercised and nonexercised mice was quantified with 64 Cu-VEGF 121 positron emission tomography at postoperative day 8, 15, 22, and 29 and correlated with postmortem γ-counting. Hindlimbs were excised for immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and microvessel density measurements. Compared with the VEGF mutant, VEGF 121 showed specific binding to VEGFR2. Perfusion in ischemic hindlimbs fell to 9% of contralateral hindlimb on postoperative day 1 and recovered to 82% on day 29. 64 Cu-VEGF 121 uptake in ischemic hindlimbs increased significantly ( P &lt;0.001) from a control level of 0.61±0.17% ID/g (percentage of injected dose per gram) to 1.62±0.35% ID/g at postoperative day 8, gradually decreased over the following 3 weeks (0.59±0.14% ID/g at day 29), and correlated with γ-counting ( R 2 =0.99). Compared with nonexercised mice, 64 Cu-VEGF 121 uptake was increased significantly ( P ≤0.0001) in exercised mice (at day 15, 22, and 29) and correlated with VEGFR2 levels as obtained by Western blotting ( R 2 =0.76). Ischemic hindlimb tissue stained positively for VEGFR2. In exercised mice, microvessel density was increased significantly ( P &lt;0.001) compared with nonexercised mice. Conclusions— 64 Cu-VEGF 121 positron emission tomography allows longitudinal spatial and quantitative monitoring of VEGFR2 expression in murine hindlimb ischemia and indirectly visualizes enhanced angiogenesis stimulated by treadmill exercise training.
Physicians and Outpatient Diagnostic Imaging: Overexposed?
Authors: Peter Alagona
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The article entitled Physicians' Utilization and Charges for Outpatient Diagnostic Imaging in a Medicare Population by Hillman et al1is another in a long line of comments and articles noting the increased use of diagnostic tests by physicians who have a so-called financial interest in the procedure. As is usually the case, the methods and statistical analyses always appear to have been exhaustively reviewed and the results are persuasive. Unfortunately, some very basic details of medical practice, patient-physician relationships, and medical expertise and competence are ignored.  As a cardiologist in practice for over 10 years who has commonly used noninvasive diagnostic procedures available to him in the office setting, I can relay some nonquantifiable, unscientific information with regard to why I would obviously perform more procedures in my office rather than referring them to centers mainly operated or controlled by our radiology colleagues. The first is
Subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: T Yamamoto
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ON) has been recognised as a relatively common complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have received corticosteroids, with a reported prevalence of around 30%.1 Recently, subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIF) has been reported as a differential diagnosis in patients suspected of having osteonecrosis.2–4 We describe the clinicopathological features of a patient with SLE with a history of corticosteroid treatment, who developed SIF.

A 55 year old woman had a 32 year history of SLE, which had been treated with corticosteroids (8 mg/day). She had a history of hypothyroidism, arthritis in both shoulders, skin rash, pericarditis, and pleuritis, but had no history of smoking or drinking. The body mass index indicated she was overweight (27.4 kg/m2).

Over the past 5 years she had developed stiffness and discomfort in the right hip, and over the past 2 months the hip pain had got worse. …