tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychological treatments of the irritable bowel syndrome: a review.
Authors: F Creed, E Guthrie
Journal: Gut (1989)

Psychological treatments are increasingly being used to help patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the efficacy of such treatments is still debated. This review indicates that there are three ways in which they might have been effective in published studies to date; relating bowel symptoms to stress, specific help with psychosocial problems/relationships and relaxation to decrease anxiety and tension. A close doctor-patient relationship is regarded as central to these therapeutic tasks but the time required to maximise the effectiveness of this therapeutic role means that intensive psychological treatment should be reserved for those IBS patients who do not respond to first line standard medical treatment. There are insufficient data to indicate at present which patients are best suited to each form of psychological treatment.
How detrimental is chronic use of bronchodilators in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Authors: C P van Schayck, S G Cloosterman, I D Hofland, C L van Herwaarden, C van Weel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

"How detrimental is chronic use of bronchodilators in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 151(5), pp. 1317–1319
Engrafted maternal T cells in human severe combined immunodeficiency: Evidence for a T H2 phenotype and a potential role of apoptosis on the restriction of T-cell receptor variable β repertoire
Authors: Alessandro Plebani, Maddalena Stringa, Ignazia Prigione, Paola Facchetti, Fabio Ghiotto, Irma Airoldi, Raffaella Giacchino, Emilio Cristina, Fulvio Porta, Carlo E. Grossi, Vito Pistoia
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Review: Lowering systolic BP to ≤ 135 mm Hg reduces CV events in type 2 diabetes/IFG/IGT
Authors: Michael E. Farkouh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Bangalore S, Kumar S, Lobach I, Messerli FH. Blood pressure targets in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired fasting glucose: observations from traditional and Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses of randomized trials. Circulation. 2011;123:2799-810. 21632497
Regulation of angiotensin II receptors in the rat adrenal cortex by dietary electrolytes.
Authors: J Douglas, K J Catt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The binding affinity and concentration of specific angiotensin II receptor sites of rat adrenal cortical cells and homogenates were determined after 1 and 6 wk of altered sodium and potassium intake. Sodium deprivation caused marked increases in plasma renin, blood angiotensin II, and plasma aldosterone, and was accompanied by a significant increase (+74%) in the number of specific angiotensin II receptor sites per adrenal cortical cell. High potassium intake was followed by increased serum potassium and markedly elevated plasma aldosterone, with subnormal levels of renin and angiotensin II and a 170% increase in the number of angiotensin II receptors per cell after 1 wk. Sodium loading and potassium deprivation were followed by the opposite effect upon adrenal receptors, with reduction of the angiotensin II-binding capacity. None of the dietary electrolyte changes were accompanied by an ancrease in receptor affinity above the control value of 2 nM-1. A decrease in receptor affinity was noted after 6 wk of either low sodium or low potassium intake, when the renin and angiotensin II levels were increased by 104-129%. The adrenals of normal rats infused acutely with synthetic angiotensin II, or anesthetized with ether or sodium pentobarbital, which markedly increased plasma renin activity, contained fewer angiotensin receptors. These reductions in binding site concentration were not accompanied by changes in affinity and were attributed to occupancy by angiotensin II. These studies have demonstrated that chronic changes in sodium or potassium balance and acute changes in blood angiotensin II levels can exert modulating effects upon the adrenal content and/or affinity of specific receptor sites for angiotensin II.
Culturally transmitted misbeliefs
Authors: Dan Sperber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Most human beliefs are acquired through communication, and so are most misbeliefs. Just like the misbeliefs discussed by McKay &amp; Dennett (M&amp;D), culturally transmitted misbeliefs tend to result from limitations rather than malfunctions of the mechanisms that produce them, and few if any can be argued to be adaptations. However, the mechanisms involved, the contents, and the hypothetical adaptive value tend to be specific to the cultural case.
627 Modulation of placental bilirubin and bile acids transporters during cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: E. Azzaroli, A. Mennone, V. Feletti, P. Simoni, M. Magliuolo, E. Baglivo, N. Rizzo, E. Lodato, D. Festi, A. Colecchia, A. Roda, E. Roch, J.L. Boyer, G. Mazzella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
The Social Mission of Medical Education
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan, Candice Chen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters5 October 2010The Social Mission of Medical EducationFitzhugh Mullan, MD and Candice Chen, MD, MPHFitzhugh Mullan, MDFrom George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this author and Candice Chen, MD, MPHFrom George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We are pleased by the interest that our article has generated. We recognize the many benefits that medical schools provide, including basic and clinical research, as pointed out by Dr. Mellon, and clinical services to uninsured patients, as pointed out by Drs. Barnhart and LoGerfo. Medical schools, however, receive considerable approbation for these activities, including accolades and funding. The social mission, as we've defined it, garners far less recognition or support. Frankly, we have been surprised by the reactions of some respondents that examining the record of the nation's medical schools in regard to the practice locations, specialty ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Fitzhugh Mullan, MD; Candice Chen, MD, MPHAffiliations: From George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Social Mission of Medical Education: Ranking the Schools Fitzhugh Mullan , Candice Chen , Stephen Petterson , Gretchen Kolsky , and Michael Spagnola The Social Mission of Medical Education Eric A. Mellon The Social Mission of Medical Education Scott Barnhart and James LoGerfo The Social Mission of Medical Education Martin Donohoe The Social Mission of Medical Education John A. Brockman , Matthew J. Stull , and Elizabeth Wiley The Social Mission of Medical Education Gregg S. Meyer The Social Mission of Medical Education Norman H. Edelman The Social Mission of Medical Education Pojen Deng Metrics 5 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 7Page: 486-487KeywordsArmed forcesBioethicsConflicts of interestGraduate medical educationHealth careMedical educationPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActPrevention, policy, and public healthRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 5 October 2010 Issue Published: 5 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mifepristone Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth<i>In vitro</i>and<i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Alicia A. Goyeneche, Rubén W. Carón, Carlos M. Telleria
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: These studies were designed to determine whether the synthetic steroid mifepristone inhibits ovarian cancer growth in vitro and in vivo and the molecular mechanisms involved. Experimental Design: The effect of mifepristone on ovarian cancer cell growth in vitro was studied in ovarian cancer cell lines of different genetic backgrounds (SK-OV-3, Caov-3, OV2008, and IGROV-1). In addition, the growth inhibition capacity of mifepristone on ovarian carcinoma xenografts was tested in nude mice. Results: Mifepristone inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The cytostatic effect of mifepristone was confirmed in a clonogenic survival assay and was not linked to loss of viability. Mifepristone blocked DNA synthesis, arrested the cell cycle at the G1-S transition, up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors p21cip1and p27kip1, down-regulated transcription factor E2F1, decreased expression of the E2F1-regulated genes cdk1 (cdc2) and cyclin A, and modestly decreased cdk2 and cyclin E levels. The abrupt arrest in cell growth induced by mifepristone correlated with reduced cdk2 activity, increased association of cdk2 with p21cip1 and p27kip1, increased nuclear localization of the cdk inhibitors, and reduced nuclear abundance of cdk2 and cyclin E. In vivo, mifepristone significantly delayed the growth of ovarian carcinoma xenografts in a dose-dependent manner and without apparent toxic effects for the animals. Conclusions: These preclinical studies show that mifepristone is effective as a single agent in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the growth of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Mifepristone markedly reduces cdk2 activity likely due to increased association of cdk2 with the cdk inhibitors p21cip1 and p27kip1 and reduced nuclear cdk2/cyclin E complex availability. Acting as a cytostatic agent, mifepristone promises to be of translational significance in ovarian cancer therapeutics.
Role of MTHFR (677, 1298) haplotype in the risk of developing secondary leukemia after treatment of breast cancer and hematological malignancies
Authors: V M Guillem, M Collado, M J Terol, M J Calasanz, J Esteve, M Gonzalez, C Sanzo, J Nomdedeu, P Bolufer, A Lluch, M Tormo
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Rare Cancers in Persons Exposed to Internal Radium
Authors: Evelyn E. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Because persons with a substantial body burden of radium 226 are subject to certain radiogenic malignant neoplasms that are uncommon in the general population, it is important that their physicians be aware of the special risks in this unique patient population. Although there is a general feeling in the medical community that the radium dial painters are now simply an interesting part of medical history, in actuality more than 800 of these women are still alive. Many of them are seen regularly as subjects in a long-term study (supported by the US Department of Energy) that is being conducted by the Center for Human Radiobiology at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Ill. In addition, there is another group of unknown size comprising the men and women who received radium water or injections of radium from physicians. A third group is composed of laboratory workers, mostly radium chemists. Many
Early discharge of infants of low birth weight: a prospective study.
Authors: B Singer, J Wolfsdorf
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A total of 495 African infants of low birth weight were discharged from Harari Maternity Hospital, Salisbury, between October 1972 and September 1973. Criteria used for discharge were (a) no clinical evidence of disease, (b) satisfactory feeding by mouth (breast or bottle or both), and (c) stable temperature control under normal room conditions. Of the 495 babies 264 fulfilled these criteria when they weighed 1801-1900 g (group 1), 99 when they weighed 1901-2000 g (group 2), and 132 (group 3) when they weighed 2001-2500 g. The overall follow-up rate of those infants living in greater Salisbury was 85-5%, the health visitor playing an important contributory role in their progress, especially those in group 1. More than two clinic visits in the first four to five weeks after discharge were essential for continuing weight gain in groups 1 and 2 but not in group 3. The mean daily weight gain for all babies at the end of four to five weeks was 26 g. Readmission rates for babies in groups 1,2, and 3 were 9-5%, 1%, and 0-8%, respectively, the largest single cause for readmission being bronchopneumonia associated with hypothermia. Altogether 60% of the readmissions occurred during the two winter months (June and July). Hypothermia, associated with low environmental temperatures played a significant part in morbidity and mortality, and twins, particularly in group 1, had a mortality rate three times greater than singletons in the same group. In general, even in underdeveloped communities singleton babies born outside the winter months with reasonable clinic or home visiting facilities can be discharged at a weight of 1800 g or more.
Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
Authors: N J Sheehan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Alkaline phosphatase and y-glutamyltransferase in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis SIR, Abnormalities of liver function are seen in many inflammatory rheumatic diseases.1 2 However, although serum y-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity is acknow- ledged as one of the most sensitive indicators of hepatobiliary dysfunction,3 normal values have been observed in the presence of raised serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA)4 and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).5To determine whether this discrepancy also occurs in polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)/giant cell arteritis (GCA) the two enzymes were estimated in 20 patients with PMR (13 patients), GCA (three), or both (four).The disease was newly diagnosed in 16 and recrudescent in four.Five patients were receiving oral steroids.GGT exceeded the reference range in nine patients, and three of these showed a coexistent rise in AP (Table 1).No other patient had a raised AP.Two patients with GCA and I am grateful to Dr A B Myles for allowing me to report on his patients.
CD14 Facilitates Invasive Respiratory Tract Infection by<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
Authors: Mark C. Dessing, Sylvia Knapp, Sandrine Florquin, Alex F. de Vos, Tom van der Poll
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

CD14 is a pattern recognition receptor that can interact with a variety of bacterial ligands. During gram-negative infection, CD14 plays an important role in the induction of a protective immune response by virtue of its capacity to recognize lipopolysaccharide in the bacterial cell wall. Knowledge of the contribution of CD14 to host defense against gram-positive infections is limited.To study the role of CD14 in gram-positive bacterial pneumonia.CD14 knockout (KO) and normal wild-type (WT) mice were intranasally infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae.CD14 KO mice demonstrated a strongly reduced lethality, which was accompanied by a more than 10-fold lower bacterial load in lung homogenates but not in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 48 hours after infection. Strikingly, CD14 KO mice failed to develop positive blood cultures, whereas WT mice had positive blood cultures from 24 hours onward and eventually invariably had evidence of systemic infection. Lung inflammation was attenuated in CD14 KO mice at 48 hours after infection, as evaluated by histopathology and cytokine and chemokine levels. Intrapulmonary delivery of recombinant soluble CD14 to CD14 KO mice rendered them equally susceptible to S. pneumoniae as WT mice, resulting in enhanced bacterial growth in lung homogenates and bacteremia, indicating that the presence of soluble CD14 in the bronchoalveolar compartment is sufficient to cause invasive pneumococcal disease.These data suggest that S. pneumoniae uses (soluble) CD14 present in the bronchoalveolar space to cause invasive respiratory tract infection.
The adductor squeeze test: which is the optimal test position for eliciting maximum squeeze values and adductor muscle activity?
Authors: E Delahunt, B L McEntee, C Kennelly, G F Coughlan, B S Green
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Groin injuries are a common occurrence in field based sports that have a high component of twisting and turning activities. The adductor squeeze test is commonly utilised, as a diagnostic and injury screening tool. Currently no reports exist in the published literature, which detail the level of activation of the adductor musculature and concomitant squeeze values during the test positions of the adductor squeeze test which are commonly utilised in a clinical setting. Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of adductor musculature surface EMG (SEMG) activity and concomitant squeeze values in a healthy population of male Gaelic games athletes during performance of the adductor squeeze test in the three commonly utilised test positions (ie, 0°, 45°, and 90° of hip flexion). Setting University biomechanics laboratory. Participants 18 male Gaelic games players without any previous or current history of groin or hip injury. Main outcome measures Each participant performed three maximal effort repetitions of the adductor squeeze test in the positions of 0°, 45°, and 90° of hip flexion. Bilateral adductor SEMG activity and concomitant squeeze values quantified by a sphygmomanometer were recorded for each test. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for differences in the values obtained during each of the three test positions for both SEMG activity and squeeze values. Results The greatest amount of adductor muscle activity and squeeze values were observed in the 45° of hip flexion test position. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that the adductor squeeze test performed in a position of 45° of hip flexion is the optimal test position for eliciting maximal adductor muscle activity and squeeze values. Therefore, the 45° of hip flexion test position can be recommended as the optimal test position for injury screening in non-pathological groups.
Glut of aid agencies is hindering efforts to reduce poverty and poor health
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Once widespread in the large European rivers, <i>Palingenia longicauda</i> underwent a drastic range contraction as a result of the intense pollution and hydromorphological interventions of the 19<sup>th</sup> and 20<sup>th</sup> centuries. For the last decades it was considered to be restricted only to the Tisa River and its tributaries, and to the Rába River, but new reports indicated its presence in the Danube River in Hungary, in the Danube Delta in Romania and Ukraine, and in the Prut River in the Republic of Moldova. The objective of this study is to analyze the phylogeographic pattern between the two main eco-regions (Pannon and Pontic) of the species distribution, based on the combined mitochondrial COI (472 bp) and 16S (464 bp) sequences generated for individuals collected in Romania and Ukraine, and from publicly available ones, representing the Tisa catchment populations. The presence of viable populations in the Danube Delta and on the Prut River in Romania is confirmed, and additional presence on the Mure□ and Bega rivers from Romania, and on the Styr and Horyn’ rivers in Northern Ukraine is shown. The phylogeographic results indicate that the presence of the analyzed populations are not the result of recent founding events from the Pannon region, confirming the survival and expansion of cryptic local lineages. The recent recovery of the species may be related to the improvement of water quality as a result of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive and the EU Floods Directive after 2000.
Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation during Temporary Coronary-Artery Ligation
Authors: Holger K. Eltzschig, Stanton K. Shernan, Peter Rosenberger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

To the Editor: Ischemic mitral regurgitation is defined as mitral insufficiency that occurs as a result of coronary artery disease in the absence of intrinsic structural abnormalities of the mitral...
A pilot randomized, controlled trial of the effect of iron depletion on long-term response to α-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Tse-Ling Fong, Steven H. Han, Naoky C-S. Tsai, Timothy R. Morgan, Masashi Mizokami, Dajun QianP, Charles Phan, Kimberly Goad, Allan G. Redeker
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
DISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTIC SAMPLES
Authors: Charles M. Nice
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I desire to call your attention to the growing and pernicious custom of drug houses in mailing their literature and samples to the homes of physicians. I regret to note that some of the better pharmaceutic firms are also entering into this practice. The average daily mail contains from one to a dozen circulars, many of which are not desirable for a home library table, and certainly not elevating reading for children. Many of the samples are laxatives and douche powders containing poisons and are a menace to the home. I simply call this matter to your attention, hoping for general disapproval and thereby securing cooperation sufficient to stop this bad method of advertising.
Technetium-99m MDP Demonstration of Heterotopic Ossification in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Authors: MEIKA A. FANG, JAMES W. REINIG, SUVIMOL C. HILL, JOAN MARINI, MICHAEL A. ZASLOFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The extensive heterotopic bone formation in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) has been documented previously with radiographs. A case in which a Tc-99m MDP bone scan showed increased uptake at sites well before ossification could be documented radiographically is described. This finding suggests that bone scans would likely be useful to monitor the extent of involvement with FOP and to detect areas of new activity.
Objectives and Limitations of Orthodontic Therapy
Authors: Lennard T. Swanson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IT is generally agreed that about 50 per cent of the population show some irregularity in tooth alignment. The percentage of cases actually in need of treatment is less, and the figure depends on the criteria used in determining the need. Examination of the orthodontic literature reveals disagreements on this and almost every other issue. This, of course, indicates that completely satisfactory methods have not been evolved to deal with many types of malocclusions and dentofacial abnormalities.Orthodontia is a young specialty. Clinical training has never been available in dental schools on the undergraduate level; hence the pioneers in the . . .
Human infections with Microsporum persicolor in Denmark
Authors: PER ONSBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

The geographical and ecological spread of Microsporum persicolor is reviewed. It is concluded that M. persicolor is a zoophilic dermatophyte prevalent mainly in Europe and seldom reported as the cause of human infection. Twelve Danish cases of M. persicolor infection are described--their clinical features, mycological findings, and treatment. The localization of these fungal infections is reviewed on the basis of the present material and 58 cases from the literature.