tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4931: Methylation of the hTERT promoter: a potential cancer biomarker for leptomeningeal metastasis detection in cerebrospinal fluids
Authors: Jean Benhattar, Stéphanie Bougel, Gabrielle Gallagher, Jeanne-Chantal de Flaugergues, Robert Janzer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases is usually based on the finding of malignant cells by cytological examination in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, cytology is only moderately sensitive, and sensitive and specific cancer biomarkers may improve the detection of tumor cells in the CSF. Expression of telomerase hTERT subunit might be such a marker but its use is hampered by proliferating normal lymphocyte cells. hTERT methylation, characterizing most cancer cells, might be an alternative as proliferating lymphocytes have unmethylated hTERT promoter. The aim of this study was to develop a specific, sensitive, quantitative, and fast method for detection of hTERT methylation and to explore its use as a cancer biomarker in the diagnosis of metastatic tumors in CSF. Materials and methods: hTERT methylation levels were assayed by several quantitative techniques including methylation-sensitive dot blot assay (MS-DBA), methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM), and a newly developed real-time MS-HRM assay. We used MS-HRM assays for the analysis of 59 CSF specimens from 50 patients including 31 CSFs from 23 patients with a known malignancy suspected for leptomeningeal metastasis. Results: MS-HRM assays both allowed hTERT methylation quantification in CSF samples. The MS-HRM detected samples containing more than 10% of hTERT methylated alleles whereas real-time MS-HRM detected methylation below 10%. PCR products were obtained from 54 CSF samples (92%). hTERT methylation was only detected in the CSF from patients with a known malignancy. Conclusion: The real-time MS-HRM analysis is a fast, sensitive, and specific technique for methylation assessment in many diagnostic and research applications. As an adjunct to the traditional examination of CSF, the hTERT MS-HRM approach could be perform as routine diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases and could become a valuable tool for further management and planning of treatment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4931.
THE PREPARATION OF PETROLATUM DRAINAGE GAUZE
Authors: Wilton H. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Petrolatum gauze as a drainage material is less irritating than other gauze. Secretions do not clot so readily, and it does not stick to the edges of the wound, but it should be prepared in such a manner that plenty of capillary space is available for drainage. The following method of preparation has been found to give a satisfactory product: Take a large test tube, pack cotton in the bottom to the height of 1 inch (2.5 cm.), pack dry drainage gauze over this to within 2 inches (5 cm.) of the top, place on top of this a small dab of petrolatum, place cotton stopper in mouth of the tube, set upright in the autoclave and sterilize. The heated petrolatum, in making its way to the bottom of the tube, impregnates the threads of gauze but does not fill the interstices between the threads. Any excess petrolatum is absorbed by the
Endoscopic Hemostasis by Injection Therapy and Electro-hydro-coagulation in High-risk Patients with Active Gastroduodenal Bleeding Ulcer
Authors: J. Boix, R. Planas, P. Humbert, C. Fabrega, M. Villagrasa
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

For the purpose of arresting hemorrhage from bleeding gastric or duodenal ulcers we developed, in 28 high-risk patients, a new method of endoscopic local injection of epinephrine (1:10,000) followed by electro-hydro monopolar coagulation and injection of Polidocanol (1%). Nine patients had signs of shock at the time of admission. The average blood requirements were 3.9 units in the first 24 hours. All patients had important factors militating against surgery, namely age and serious primary disease. In 26 out of 28 patients (92.8%) hemostasis was accomplished during endoscopy. Three patients (10.7%) rebled within the first 36 hours, requiring emergency surgery. Thus definitive hemostasis was achieved in 23 patients (82.1%). There were no complications as a result of endoscopic treatment.
Effects of Hemorrhage on Regional Blood Flow Distribution in Dogs and Primates
Authors: Stephen F. Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The effects of hemorrhage on arterial pressure, blood flows, and resistances in the coronary, mesenteric, renal, and iliac beds of healthy, conscious dogs and intact, tranquilized baboons were studied. Mild nonhypotensive hemorrhage (14±2 ml/kg) increased heart rate and mesenteric and iliac resistances slightly but significantly, and decreased renal resistance (-13±2%). Moderate hypotensive hemorrhage, 26±2 ml/kg, reduced mean arterial pressure (-23±2 mm Hg) and blood flows to the mesenteric (-56±3%), iliac (-58±5%), and coronary (-39±4%) vascular beds, and increased heart rate (+89±9 beats/min) and resistances in the mesenteric (+73±15%), iliac (+102±19%), and coronary (+27±5%) beds. In contrast to the other beds, renal flow rose 11±6% above control and renal resistance fell 31±2% below control. Renal vasodilatation with hemorrhage was also observed in five baboons. The increases in mesenteric and iliac resistances were blocked almost completely by phentolamine, while the increase in coronary resistance was only partially blocked by phentolamine. The renal dilatation was not blocked by phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, or tripelennamine, but was prevented by indomethacin, suggesting that this dilatation was mediated by a prostaglandin-like compound.
Nomenclature in Cardiology
Authors: Lewis Sasse
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  The use of more precise terminology in clinical cardiology was discussed lucidly by Jules Constant, MD (240:868, 1978). However, one of Constant's suggestions was not only imprecise but was in error. The statement: while right bundle-branch block, anterior divisional block, and first degree AV block could be called a 'partial trifascicular block,'  is not precise. The cause of first-degree AV block cannot be localized to below the junctional area by these findings. The firstdegree AV block could be due to prolongation of conduction in the AV node, within the bundle of His, below the bundle of His, or in a combination of these areas. Bundle of His recordings would be the only sure way of ascertaining the cause of first-degree AV block.
Long-term evolution of fibrosis from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C: Morphometric analysis of repeated biopsies
Authors: M Kage, K Shimamatu, E Nakashima, M Kojiro, O Inoue, M Yano
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To clarify the characteristics of fibrosis developed in the process from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis, a morphometric analysis of liver biopsy samples was conducted on 25 chronic hepatitis C patients and 20 chronic hepatitis B patients (controls). Hepatitis C patients were followed up for 3 to 23 years. The mean number of liver biopsies performed on these patients was 3.8. Each biopsy was evaluated for the degree of fibrosis by using two methods: a semiquantitative method with a staging scoring system, and morphometry using a computed image analysis system. A significant correlation was observed between the Stage and the area of fibrosis (AF = the ratio of the area of fibrosis to that of the entire tissue specimen). The AF in cirrhosis was significantly higher in hepatitis C patients than in hepatitis B patients. The ratio of AF in the last biopsy sample to AF in the initial biopsy sample was significantly higher in hepatitis C patients than in hepatitis B patients. Evolution from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis occurred more frequently in patients aged ≥ 50 years, and this time period was 1.8 times shorter than that in patients aged &lt; 50 years. AF in the initial biopsy related significantly to the period of evolution from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis. AF in the initial biopsy might be a predictive factor for prognosis.
Enhanced Malignant Conversion of Benign Mouse Skin Tumors by Cisplatin
Authors: H. Hennings, R. A. Shores, M. C. Poirier, E. Reed, R. E. Tarone, S. H. Yuspa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, reported to be a complete carcinogen in rodents and a tumor initiator for mouse skin, was tested for activity to enhance the conversion of carcinogen-induced skin papillomas to carcinomas. Initiation of mouse skin by 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene followed by 12 weeks of promotion by 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate produced seven to eight papillomas/mouse. Ten weekly injections of 100 µg of cisplatin into these papilloma-bearing mice induced a 2.3-fold enhancement of conversion relative to the spontaneous rate of 1.9%. Even a single exposure to cisplatin in tumor-bearing mice increased the carcinoma incidence to the same extent as 10 exposures to urethane, an agent previously shown to enhance malignant conversion. At the dose tested, cisplatin was inactive as a complete carcinogen or a tumor promoter. Cisplatin-DNA adducts, measured in samples from skin, liver, and kidneys, were persistent for at least 4 weeks after the last exposure to cisplatin. Thus cisplatin is a relatively potent inducer of the putative genotoxic changes required for conversion of skin tumors from a benign to a malignant phenotype. The activity of cisplatin in the initiation and malignant conversion stages in this animal model for carcinogenesis suggests that patients given cisplatin-based chemotherapy are at increased risk for the development of treatment-induced second cancers. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:836–840, 1990]
Lymphocyte and Eosinophil Influx into Alveolar Tissue in Nocturnal Asthma
Authors: MONICA KRAFT, RICHARD J. MARTIN, SUSAN WILSON, RATKO DJUKANOVIC, STEPHEN T. HOLGATE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We have shown in nocturnal asthma that alveolar tissue eosinophils are increased at night as compared with the proximal airway, and that they correlate with the overnight decrement in lung function. As the CD4 + cell is thought to be the principal orchestrating cell in eosinophil recruitment, we evaluated its presence in the proximal and distal airways in nocturnal asthma. Eleven patients with nocturnal asthma (NA) and 10 patients with non-nocturnal asthma (NNA) underwent two bronchoscopies with proximal airway endobronchial and distal alveolar tissue transbronchial biopsy in a random order at 4:00 p.m. and at 4:00 a.m. separated by 1 wk. Immunohistochemical staining and morphometric analysis were used to determine the number of CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + cells and EG2 + eosinophils per mm2 in the epithelium, lamina propria, and alveolar tissue. At 4:00 a.m., the NA group had a significantly greater number of CD4 + cells in the alveolar tissue than the NNA group (9.8 cells/ mm2 [5.6–30.8, interquartile (IQ)] versus 1.5 cells/mm2 [0–6.3, IQ], p = 0.04). Within the NA group, there were significantly greater numbers of CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , and EG2 + cells in the proximal airway lamina propria than in the distal airway at both 4:00 p.m. and 4:00 a.m. There were no differences within the epithelium between the groups at either time point. Only alveolar tissue, not airway tissue, CD4 + cells correlated inversely with the percentage predicted FEV1 at 4:00 a.m. (r = − 0.68, p = 0.0018) and positively with the number of alveolar tissue EG2 + cells (r = 0.66, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that the CD4 + lymphocyte is increased in the alveolar tissue at night in nocturnal asthma as compared with non-nocturnal asthma.
Aortic-Vena Caval Fistula From Ruptured Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Alfred L. Colley
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE SUDDEN rupture of an aortic aneurysm remains one of the most striking and urgent problems encountered in medicine. Free rupture, or rupture into another organ, may present a wide variety of symptoms, but common to most is evidence of blood loss. The subject of this report is observations on a patient with acute rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm into the inferior vena cava and retroperitoneal space. Reports of successful repairs of aortic-vena caval fistula from ruptured arteriosclerotic aneurysms have been appearing over the past 12 years.<sup>1-3</sup>The first successful repair of this lesion was reported by Cooley in 1955.<sup>4</sup>The Baylor group<sup>5</sup>in 1962 reported 1,400 patients treated for abdominal aortic aneurysms in a ten-year period. Of this group, 130 had ruptured and four of these had ruptured into the inferior vena cava. With development of this fistula, a rather typical pattern appears. In the
Apoptotic depletion of CD4+ T cells in idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia.
Authors: J Laurence, D Mitra, M Steiner, D H Lynch, F P Siegal, L Staiano-Coico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, accompanied by opportunistic infections characteristic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, ahs been reported in the absence of any known etiology. The pathogenesis of this syndrome, a subset of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia (ICL), is uncertain. We report that CD4+ T cells from seven of eight ICL patients underwent accelerated programmed cell death, a process facilitated by T cell receptor cross-linking. Apoptosis was associated with enhanced expression of Fas and Fas ligand in unstimulated cell populations, and partially inhibited by soluble anti-Fas mAb. In addition, apoptosis was suppressed by aurintricarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent endonucleases and proteases, in cells from four of seven patients, The in vivo significance of these findings was supported by three factors: the absence of accelerated apoptosis in persons with stable, physiologic CD4 lymphopenia without clinical immune deficiency; detection of serum antihistone H2B autoantibodies, one consequence of DNA fragmentation, in some patients; and its selectivity, with apoptosis limited to the CD4 population in some, and occurring among CD8+ T cells predominantly in those individuals with marked depletion of both CD4+ T lymphocytes linked to clinical immune suppression have evidence for accelerated T cell apoptosis in vitro that may be pathophysiologic and amenable to therapy with apoptosis inhibitors.
Development and operation of a pharmacy-based intravenous cytotoxic reconstitution service.
Authors: M Anderson, D Brassington, J Bolger
Journal: BMJ (1983)

An intravenous cytotoxic reconstitution service has proved extremely popular with both medical and nursing staff. Since the pharmacy has taken over the responsibility for presenting these medicines in a readily usable form, many potential hazards to inexperienced medical staff have been eliminated, and much time and money have been saved. The pharmacists are in an excellent position to offer advice on many aspects of excellent position to offer advice on many aspects of cytotoxic treatment and are well equipped to spot prescription errors. They are often asked to supply information concerning rates and methods of administration as well as compatibility data of different diluents with various cytotoxic agents. The eventual objective of the service is to provide reconstituted cytotoxic drugs for all patients in the pharmaceutical district receiving chemotherapy. As it is not practical to have pharmacists available 24 hours a day, some form of batch production of syringe-loaded drugs could be used. In the immediate future the practicality of storing syringe-loaded drugs in a deep freeze (at -20 degrees C) with rapid thawing will be considered.
Mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction induced by fasting hyperhomocystinemia in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Agostino Virdis, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Heloise Cardinal, Stefania Favilla, Piero Duranti, Renzo Birindelli, Armando Magagna, Gianpaolo Bernini, Guido Salvetti, Stefano Taddei, Antonio Salvetti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Therapeutic Polypectomy of the Esophagus
Authors: E. Seifert, H. Huchzermeyer, P. Otto, H. Wagner
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

In a 74-year-old man with well-known cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease), three neurofibromatous tumors developed, causing a stenosis of the esophageal lumen 20 cm below the tooth line. By endoscopy polypectomy, it was possible to remove all three tumors by electroresection, to extract them, and thus to restore a free passageway through the esophagus. Indications for treatment, technical methods, and possible complications are discussed. The reported case is, to our knowledge, unique in the literature, both in the severe involvement of the esophagus in neurofibromatosis and in the successful therapeutic polypectomy of the esophagus by electroresection.
Reduction in thrombus formation by placement of endovascular stents at endarterectomy sites in baboon carotid arteries.
Authors: W C Krupski, A Bass, A B Kelly, S R Hanson, L A Harker
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Although antithrombotic therapies with aspirin, dipyridamole, and heparin have decreased thrombo-occlusive events, they have not abolished these complications. Endovascular mechanical support, first reported by Dotter in 1969, has been proposed as a means to reduce both acute and chronic vessel closure by providing a supporting framework for the disrupted and sometimes dissected arterial wall. METHODS AND RESULTS To determine the effects of placing self-expanding stainless steel wire endoprostheses on the accumulation of thrombus at sites of carotid artery endarterectomy we measured platelet deposition continuously for 90 minutes and at 24 and 48 hours by gamma camera imaging of autologous 111In-labeled platelets in six stented and nonstented endarterectomized baboons that received heparin but no antiplatelet agents. At nonstented endarterectomy sites 5.36 +/- 1.25 x 10(8), 4.78 +/- 0.98 x 10(8), and 4.55 +/- 0.81 x 10(8) platelets per cm were deposited at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, respectively. In contrast, stented endarterectomy sites accumulated 0.99 +/- 0.31 x 10(8), 0.66 +/- 0.33 x 10(8), and 0.80 +/- 0.36 x 10(8) platelets per cm at 30 minutes (p = 0.02), 60 minutes (p = 0.004), and 90 minutes (p = 0.002), respectively. Platelet deposition remained reduced at 24 and 48 hours in stented endarterectomized carotid arteries (ECAs) when assessed as a ratio between net radioactivity in the endarterectomized region versus whole blood radioactivity (p = 0.006 and p = 0.009, respectively). Both stented and nonstented ECAs remained patent acutely, although two of six nonstented ECAs occluded by 30 days. By comparison 11 of 14 nonstented ECAs remained patent in another group of control animals. Scanning electron microscopy of control and stented arteries at 30 days demonstrated equivalently confluent endothelium. CONCLUSIONS We postulate that endovascular stents reduce the thrombogenic effects of flap formation, tearing, dissection, and vasospasm in ECAs.
Hemopoietic colony growth-promoting activities in the plasma of bone marrow transplant recipients.
Authors: K Yamasaki, L A Solberg, N Jamal, G Lockwood, D Tritchler, J E Curtis, M M Minden, K G Mann, H A Messner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Plasma samples were obtained from 34 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients before and after administration of the preparative regimen and tested for their ability to promote and/or support growth of hemopoietic colonies. The ability of plasma samples to promote colony formation on their own was tested on normal nonadherent target cells without addition of exogenous growth factors. The growth-supporting activity was examined in the presence of medium conditioned by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocytes (PHA-LCM) and/or erythropoietin (EPO). A series of kinetic changes was routinely observed. Pretransplant samples rarely gave rise to colonies without addition of exogenous growth factors. Plasma samples obtained after completion of the preparative regimen demonstrated increments of growth-promoting activities for megakaryocyte and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-Meg and CFU-GM), respectively, that peaked between 7 and 21 d after transplantation. By day 30, activity levels of some patients had returned to pretransplant values, whereas in other patients, activities remained elevated. Persisting activity levels were associated with delayed engraftment. In contrast, activities for progenitors committed to erythropoiesis (BFU-E) and pluripotent precursors (CFU-GEMM) were only rarely observed. The activities were independent of febrile episodes. Their growth-promoting influence on CFU-GM could be neutralized completely by anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) antibodies. These data suggest that at least some of the observed activities in post-BMT plasma are related to GM-CSF. The growth-supporting activities of pretransplant plasma samples are lower than normal plasma when tested on CFU-Meg and CFU-GM. The growth-supporting activities improved transiently within the first month after BMT. A decline during the second and third month was followed by a gradual return to activity levels that were comparable to normal plasma. The effects of these plasma samples on BFU-E and CFU-GEMM were assessed with PHA-LCM and EPO. Similar to CFU-Meg- and CFU-GM-supporting capabilities, they improved transiently after BMT with a return of normal support function after 5-6 mo. The observed endogenous production of growth-promoting and growth-supporting activities for hemopoietic progenitors may serve as a background to design clinical trials for the timely administration of recombinant hemopoietic growth factors to BMT recipients.
Immunodeficiency Associated with<i>FCN3</i>Mutation and Ficolin-3 Deficiency
Authors: Lea Munthe-Fog, Tina Hummelshøj, Christian Honoré, Hans O. Madsen, Henrik Permin, Peter Garred
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Summ a r yFicolin-3, encoded by the FCN3 gene and expressed in the lung and liver, is a recognition molecule in the lectin pathway of the complement system.Heterozygosity for an FCN3 frameshift mutation (rs28357092), leading to a distortion of the C-terminal end of the molecule, occurs in people without disease (allele frequency among whites, 0.01).We describe a patient with recurrent infections who was homozygous for this mutation, who had undetectable serum levels of ficolin-3, and who had a deficiency in ficolin-3-dependent complement activation.
Human-to-Human Transmission of Rabies Virus by Corneal Transplant
Authors: S. A. Houff, R. C. Burton, R. W. Wilson, T. E. Henson, W. T. London, G. M. Baer, L. J. Anderson, W. G. Winkler, D. L. Madden, J. L. Sever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

PROBABLE transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by corneal transplantation from an infected donor to a normal recipient has previously been reported,1 but to our knowledge, man-to-man transmission of conventional viruses by corneal transplant has not been described. The following case reports describe the transmission of rabies virus from a donor with the paralytic form of rabies to a normal recipient by corneal transplantation.Case ReportsCase 1. A 39-year-old forester-rancher was in excellent health until six days before his first hospital admission, when midlumbar back pain, along with an area of subjective "numbness" over the right lower portion of the chest . . .