tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1332: Cigarette smoking attenuates TGF-β-mediated tumor suppression function through down-regulation of Smad3 in lung cancer
Authors: Debangshu Samanta, Adriana Gonzalez, Pran K. Datta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cigarette smoking has been connected to an array of chronic lung diseases and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the most cases of lung cancers (85-90%) are directly attributable to tobacco smoking. Although much information is gained about the effect of cigarette smoking on various signaling pathways causing lung cancer, no information is available about the effect cigarette smoking on the TGF-β-dependent initiation and progression of lung cancer. To address this issue, A549, a lung adenocarcinma cell line and HPL1A, an immortalized lung epithelial cell line were chronically treated with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) to mimic the conditions of long-term cigarette smoking. Prolonged exposure of these cells to CSC resulted in a decrease in Smad3 and Smad4 complex formation and TGF-ß-mediated transcription due to reduced expression of Smad3. As a consequence, the cells were less apoptotic, were more viable, and lost TGF-β mediated growth inhibition. We found that the decrease in apoptosis is due to the up-regulation of Bcl2, which is a downstream target of Smad3. The repression of Smad3 expression is at the promoter level and is due to histone deacetylation. Withdrawal of CSC treatment resulted in the restoration of Smad3 expression, reduction in cell viability and increased TGF-β mediated growth inhibition. Rescue experiment with reintroduction of Smad3 in the 300 day CSC treated cells restored TGF-β signaling, increased apoptosis and decreased cell viability. Finally, three hundred days CSC exposure dramatically increased the tumorigenicity of cells in vivo, and Smad3 re-expression reverses this effect. In patient samples, there is a trend that expression of Smad3 goes down in smokers compared to non-smokers. Collectively, these data provide evidence that cigarette smoking promotes tumorigenicity partly by abrogating TGF-β mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis by reducing expression of Smad3. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1332. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1332
Erythroderma: an unusual presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Y-C. Chan, G. Yosipovitch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary We report an elderly Chinese man who presented with erythroderma. He was treated with topical corticosteroids and emollients, but did not improve. Chest X‐ray revealed cavitation in the right upper pulmonary lobe, and laryngeal swab culture was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Polymerase chain reaction performed on a skin biopsy was positive for M. tuberculosis DNA. Within a month of starting antituberculous medication, his erythroderma had almost completely resolved. Pulmonary tuberculosis should be included in the list of differential diagnosis for erythroderma.
OXIDIZED PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON APOLIPOPROTEIN(A) ARE ONLY PRESENT ON HUMAN LP(A): IMPLICATIONS FOR UNDERSTANDING LP(A) ATHEROGENICS
Authors: Gregor Leibundgut, Corey Scipione, Huiyong Yin, Matthias Schneider, Michael B. Boffa, Simone Green, Edward A. Dennis, Joseph L. Witztum, Marlys L. Koschinsky, Sotirios Tsimikas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Function and Production of Nitric Oxide in the Coronary Circulation of the Conscious Dog During Exercise
Authors: Robert D. Bernstein, Francisca Y. Ochoa, Xaobin Xu, Paul Forfia, Weiqun Shen, Carl I. Thompson, Thomas H. Hintze
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

This study determined the changes in NO production from the coronary circulation of the conscious dog during exercise. The role of endogenous NO as it relates to coronary flow, myocardial work, and metabolism was also studied. Mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented for measurements of coronary blood flow (CBF), ventricular and aortic pressures, and ventricular diameter, with catheters in the aorta and coronary sinus. Acute exercise (5 minutes at 3.6, 5.9, and 9.1 mph) was performed, and hemodynamic measurements and blood samples were taken at each exercise level. Nitro- l -arginine (NLA, 35 mg/kg IV) was given to block NO synthesis, and the exercise was repeated. Blood samples were analyzed for oxygen, plasma nitrate/nitrite (an index of NO), lactate, glucose, and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Acute exercise caused significant elevations in NO production by the coronary circulation (46±23, 129±44, and 63±32 nmol/min at each speed respectively, P &lt;.05). After NLA, there was no measurable NO production at rest or during exercise. Blockade of NO synthesis resulted in elevations in myocardial oxygen consumption and reductions in myocardial FFA consumption for comparable levels of CBF and cardiac work. The metabolic changes after NLA occurred in the absence of alterations in myocardial lactate or glucose consumptions. NO production by the coronary circulation is increased with exercise and blocked by NLA. The absence of NO in the coronary circulation during exercise does not affect levels of CBF, because it shifts the relationship between cardiac work and myocardial oxygen consumption, suggesting that endogenous NO modulates myocardial metabolism.
Hypertension Is Different in Blacks
Authors: Frank A. Finnerty
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Hypertension<i>is</i>different in black people. It develops earlier in life, is frequently more severe, and results in a higher mortality at a younger age, more commonly from strokes than from coronary artery disease. Experience over the past 20 years with an inner city population readily attests to the high incidence of hypertension in blacks. Studies conducted in the Toxemia Clinic at D. C. General Hospital presented evidence that 70% of the patients originally diagnosed as toxemia of pregnancy by the obstetricians actually had hypertensive vascular disease as shown by a history of an elevated arterial pressure prior to pregnancy, and by arteriovenous nicking seen on ophthalmoscopic examination.<sup>1-3</sup> Studies during the past year conducted in the Birth Control Clinic at this hospital have reemphasized the high incidence of hypertension in young black women.<sup>4</sup>Forty-eight percent of a random sample of black patients attending the Birth Control Clinic were
Problems in the Design and Reporting of Trials of Antifungal Agents Encountered During Meta-analysis
Authors: Helle Krogh Johansen
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Meta-analyses may become biased if the reported data in the individual trials are biased and if overlap among trials cannot be identified. We describe the unanticipated problems we encountered in collecting data for a meta-analysis comparing a new antifungal agent, fluconazole, with amphotericin B in patients with cancer complicated by neutropenia. In 3 large trials that comprised 43% of the patients identified for the meta-analysis, results for amphotericin B were combined with results for nystatin in a "polyene" group. Because nystatin is recognized as an ineffective drug in these circumstances, this approach creates a bias in favor of fluconazole. Furthermore, 79% of the patients were randomized to receive oral amphotericin B, which is poorly absorbed and not an established treatment, in contrast to intravenous amphotericin B, which was administered in 4 of 5 placebo-controlled trials, or 86% of patients. It was unclear whether there was overlap among the "polyene" trials, and it is possible that results from single-center trials were included in multicenter trial reports. We were unable to obtain information to clarify these issues from the trial authors or the manufacturer of fluconazole. Two of 11 responding authors replied that the data were with the drug manufacturer and two indicated that they did not have access to their data because of change of affiliation. In the meta-analyses, fluconazole and amphotericin B (mostly given orally) had similar effects (13 trials), whereas nystatin was no better than placebo (3 trials). Since individual trials are rarely conclusive, investigators, institutions, and pharmaceutical companies should provide essential details about their work to ensure that meta-analyses can accurately reflect the studies conducted and that patients will realize maximum benefits from treatments. We recommend that investigators keep copies of their trial data to help facilitate accurate and unbiased meta-analyses.
Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder in Comparison to Other Mental Disorders
Authors: Michael Linden, Kai Baumann, Max Rotter, Barbara Schippan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2007)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The term ‘posttraumatic embitterment disorder’ (PTED) was recently introduced to describe a subtype of adjustment disorders, characterized by prolonged embitterment, severe additional psychopathological symptoms and great impairment in most areas of life in reaction to a severe negative but not life threatening life event. The aim of this study is an empirical description and validation of the clinical concept of PTED, by comparing clinically defined PTED patients with patients suffering from other mental disorders on measures of posttraumatic stress and psychopathological distress. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Fifty inpatients, suffering from PTED according to previously defined clinical diagnostic criteria, were compared with another 50 patients, matched by age and gender, who did not meet clinical criteria for PTED but for other mental disorders. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Self-report measures included the Bern Embitterment Scale, the Impact of Event Scale, the PTED Self-Rating Scale and the SCL-90. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; According to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview both groups fulfilled the criteria for many disorders with a significantly higher occurrence of major depression and chronic adjustment disorder but less generalized anxiety disorder lifetime in PTED patients. Patients with PTED scored significantly higher on the global scores and on most subdimensions of the SCL-90, the Impact of Event Scale, the Bern Embitterment Scale and the PTED Self-Rating Scale. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Clear differences were found between PTED patients and patients with other mental disorders in regard to the quality and intensity of psychopathological as well as posttraumatic stress symptoms. PTED can help further subclassify and specify adjustment and reactive disorders.
HIV-Infected Surgeons: Behringer v Medical Center
Authors: David Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Changing Face of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Matthew R. Cooperberg, Judd W. Moul, Peter R. Carroll
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Prostate cancer remains the most common noncutaneous human malignancy, and the second most lethal tumor among men. However, the natural history of the disease is often prolonged, and the survival benefits of local therapy for men with low-risk tumors may not be realized for a decade or more, as is increasingly well demonstrated in long-term observational cohorts in both the United States and Europe. A significant proportion of men with prostate cancer may be overdiagnosed, in the sense that diagnosis may not improve their lifespan or quality of life. However, the extent to which overdiagnosis represents a true problem relates to the consistency with which diagnosis leads invariably to active treatment. Prostate cancer is diagnosed at progressively earlier stages and with lower risk features; despite these trends, patients are less likely now than a decade ago to undergo a trial of active surveillance. Rates of brachytherapy and hormonal therapy use, in particular, have risen markedly. Important progress has been made in recent years in prostate cancer risk assessment. These advances, in combination with biomarkers in later stages of development, should be expected in the coming years to yield further improvements in clinicians' ability to diagnose prostate cancer early, and guide appropriately selected patients toward increasingly tailored treatment.
Colonoscopy, tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: D. Heresbach
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a new technique that allows us to distinguish neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions without chromoendoscopy, and should be very useful in detecting small or flat lesions missed by standard endoscopy. A study recently examined 148 colorectal lesions, 16 hyperplastic polyps, 84 tubular adenomas, and 48 early carcinomas [1]. Lesions were observed first under NBI magnification and then under standard magnification with chromoendoscopy. Correspondence between the two diagnostic methods was 88 % for type II, 100 % for type IIIs, 98 % for type IIIl, 88 % for type IV, 78 % for type Vi, and 100 % (3/3) for type Vn pit patterns. NBI depicted a brownish change on the basis of surface capillaries in 6 % of hyperplasia and 99 % of tubular adenomas (P < 0.005) [1] . In a second, prospective study, 180 colorectal lesions were observed with conventional colonoscopy, under low- and high-magnification NBI, and chromoendoscopy [2]. The diagnostic accuracy of NBI with low or high magnification was significantly higher than that of conventional colonoscopy (P = 0.0434 and P < 0.001), and was comparable to that of chromoendoscopy. Both low- and high-magnification NBI were capable of distinguishing neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal lesions [2].
B7-H4, a Molecule of the B7 Family, Negatively Regulates T Cell Immunity
Authors: Gabriel L Sica, In-Hak Choi, Gefeng Zhu, Koji Tamada, Sheng-Dian Wang, Hideto Tamura, Andrei I Chapoval, Dallas B Flies, Jürgen Bajorath, Lieping Chen
Journal: Immunity (2003)
A chimeric T cell antigen receptor that augments cytokine release and supports clonal expansion of primary human T cells
Authors: Martin A. Pulè, Karin C. Straathof, Gianpietro Dotti, Helen E. Heslop, Cliona M. Rooney, Malcolm K. Brenner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The transduction of primary T cells to express chimeric T cell receptors (cTCR) for redirected targeting of tumor cells is an attractive strategy for generating tumor-specific T cells for adoptive therapy. However, tumor cells rarely provide costimulatory signals and hence cTCRs that transmit just a CD3zeta signal can only initiate target cell killing and interferon-gamma release and fail to induce full activation. Although incorporation of a CD28 component results in IL-2 release and limited proliferation, T cell activation remains incomplete. OX40 transmits a potent and prolonged T cell activation signal and is crucial for maintaining an immunological response. We hypothesize that the CD28-OX40-CD3zeta tripartite cytoplasmic domain will provide a full complement of activation, proliferation, and survival signals for enhanced anti-tumor activity.
Use of Bisphosphonates and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer.
Authors: G. Rennert, M. Pinchev, H. Rennert
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background Bisphosphonates are commonly used for the treatment of osteoporosis and for prevention and treatment of skeletal lesions due to malignancy. However the association between the use of bisphosphonates and the risk of developing breast cancer has not been reported.Methods The Breast Cancer in Northern Israel Study (BCINIS) is a population-based case-control study in northern Israel of breast cancer cases and age/clinic/ethnic-group matched controls. Use of bisphosphonates for at least 5 years was assessed in 4,575 postmenopausal cases and controls using a structured interview. It was further validated by data from prescription records among participants for whom they were available.Results The self-reported long-term use of bisphosphonates prior to diagnosis was associated with a significantly reduced relative risk of breast cancer (Odds Ratio=0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.93). This association remained significant in a pharmacy records based analysis after adjustment for age, fruit and vegetable consumption, sports activity, family history of breast cancer, ethnic group, BMI, use of calcium supplements, HRT use, number of pregnancies, months of breast feeding and age at first pregnancy (OR=0.71, 0.57-0.90). A significant dose response association between length of use of bisphosphonates and breast cancer risk was found. Breast tumors identified in bisphosphonates users were more often ER positive and less often poorly differentiated.Conclusions The use of bisphosphonates for more than 1 year was associated with a 29% relative reduction in the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. Tumors developing under bisphosphonates treatment tended to have a favorable prognostic factors profile. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 27.
Selective Endoscopic Contrastography (S. E. C.): An Original Association of Radiology and Endoscopy of the Small and Large Intestine
Authors: F. Rossini, A. Ferrari, R. Mezzedimi, R. Cirillo, C. Degiorgis
Journal: Endoscopy (1979)

A more complete diagnostic information can be obtained by “carrying” the contrast medium through the fibercoloscope to those sites of the bowel where neither radiology alone nor endoscopy alone succeed in solving the diagnostic problem.
Antiarrhythmic Action of Ambonestyl
Authors: VINCENT LANZONI, BYRON B. CLARK
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

The antiarrhythmic activity of Ambonestyl in dogs with persistent ventricular tachycardia is compared with that of procaine amide. The data indicate that Ambonestyl is as effective in suppressing the arrhythmia as procaine amide, but is pharmacologically more specific since it does not depress cardiac conduction, or elevate ventricular electrical threshold, and produces less hypotension.
Mammary and extramammary Paget's disease: expression of Ca 15-3, Ka-93, Ca 19-9 and CD44 in Paget cells and adjacent normal skin
Authors: T. TSUJI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

The histogenesis of mammary Paget's disease (MPD) and extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) cells remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate MPD and EMPD immunohistochemically with antibodies to some tumour markers (Ca 15-3, KA-93 and Ca 19-9), and a cell surface receptor for hyaluronate (CD44), as these have been shown to be expressed in normal eccrine or apocrine glands and/or the epidermis, as well as some tumours. Surgically excised, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, or frozen tissues, from seven mammary, five vulvar, two scrotal and two axillary lesions were studied. Paget cells stained strongly with antibodies to Ca 15-3 and KA-93, but did not stain with those to Ca 19-9 and CD44. Staining with the antibody to Ca 15-3 was also observed in the ductal and secretory portions of the eccrine and apocrine glands, and in the sebaceous gland cells. Staining with the antibody to KA-93 was also seen in the apocrine secretory coils, lactiferous duct, epidermal dendritic cells, and cells in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Staining with the antibody to Ca 19-9 was observed only in the eccrine duct, and that to CD44 was seen in eccrine secretory cells and epidermal keratinocytes. These findings suggest that the origin of Paget cells may be the secretory cells of apocrine sweat glands (in EMPD) or the luminal lactiferous ducts (in MPD). We found that the antibodies to Ca 15-3 and CD44 were useful in differentiating Paget cells from surrounding keratinocytes, by showing positive and negative immunoreactivity, respectively.
Additional Evidence of the Addiction Liability of Glutethimide in Man
Authors: Elliot F. Luby
Journal: JAMA (1962)

SINCE ITS INTRODUCTION into clinical medicine 8 years ago, glutethimide (Doriden) has been widely accepted as a sedative-hypnotic drug. It has been promoted as a nonbarbiturate sedative, although it is obvious that it is chemically related to barbiturates. Structurally, it resembles phnobarbital, but it differs from it in certain respects as is illustrated in the figure. These slight differences in chemical structure do modify the pharmacological effects of glutethimide compared to phenobarbital and other barbiturates. Nevertheless, the principal pharmacological effects of these agents are similar in both animals and man. The differences in pharmacological effects of glutethimide compared with barbiturates are related to the duration of effect, reduced potency, ease of arousal, and relative lack of paradoxical hyperexcitability. Glutethimide should be thought of pharmacologically as an agent producing barbiturate-like effects especially in overdosage and with regard to addiction liability. Even a cursory review of the literature reveals that a number
Impact of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation on Clinical Outcome Among Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Lutz Buellesfeld, Stefan Stortecky, Dik Heg, Sven Hausen, Ralf Mueller, Peter Wenaweser, Thomas Pilgrim, Steffen Gloekler, Ahmed A. Khattab, Christoph Huber, Thierry Carrel, Balthasar Eberle, Bernhard Meier, Peter Boekstegers, Peter Jüni, Ulrich Gerckens, Eberhard Grube, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
TCT-840 Clinical outcomes of patients treated with Nobori biolimus-eluting stent: meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Salvatore Cassese, Massimiliano Fusaro, Robert Byrne, Antoinette de Waha, Tomohisa Tada, Michael Joner, Petra Hoppmann, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Heribert Schunkert, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tamsulosin: 3-Year Long-Term Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Obstruction: Analysis of a European, Multinational, Multicenter, Open-Label Study
Authors: C.C. Schulman, J. Cortvriend, U. Jonas, T.M.T.W. Lock, S. Vaage, M.J. Speakman
Journal: European Urology (1999)
TARTS at the dinner table
Authors: M. Nuttall
Journal: BMJ (2009)

At the end of a busy clinic, I was immediately interested on picking up the notes of a 20 year old with bilateral testicular swelling for several months. His only other symptoms were increasing thirst and genital pigmentation over the previous six months. Clinical examination was highly suggestive of bilateral testicular malignancies, and initial ultrasonography seemed to confirm the clinical findings. Further investigations were needed, but I warned the patient of my worry that, on the face of it, he might need orchidectomies. …