tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythropoiesis and Erythropoietin in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Treated with Hemodialysis and Testosterone
Authors: RICHARD L. DeGOWIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Testosterone was administered to two patients with chronic renal failure (one patient was anephric) who were being treated with periodic hemodialysis. The hematocrit and plasma erythropoietin levels increased in the patient with kidneys so that blood transfusions could be discontinued. When testosterone administration was stopped the hematocrit diminished, and blood transfusions were reinstated. Withholding blood transfusions from the anephric patient resulted in progressive anemia that stabilized at hematocrit values of less than 20%. Plasma erythropoietin levels increased, and enumeration of bone marrow normoblasts, ferrokinetic studies, and linear profile scanning showed increased erythropoiesis in response to the fall in hematocrit. Results of these studies should encourage further investigation of the efficacy of androgens in ameliorating the anemia in patients with chronic renal failure who have periodic hemodialysis.
Oral 6-mercaptopurine versus oral 6-thioguanine and veno-occlusive disease in children with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia: report of the Children's Oncology Group CCG-1952 clinical trial
Authors: Linda C. Stork, Yousif Matloub, Emmett Broxson, Mei La, Rochelle Yanofsky, Harland Sather, Ray Hutchinson, Nyla A. Heerema, April D. Sorrell, Margaret Masterson, Archie Bleyer, Paul S. Gaynon
Journal: Blood (2010)
Us and them
Authors: A. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Mental health has recently been big news again. Two entirely unrelated incidents have rekindled the media's interest in a topic that, for most of the year, receives scant attention. In both cases the suspects had histories of mental illness which, long before either stand trial for their alleged crimes, were discussed exhaustively in the national press.

Mental health is, with the partial exception of HIV, almost unique among health issues in the media. To understand this, it is important first to be aware of how media organisations work. Almost all UK media are businesses. They exist to make their proprietors money. Most media make the majority of their money from the advertising space they sell to other businesses which are, in effect, the paying customers to whom we, the audience, are the delivered product.

Advertising aims to address its audience as consumers, appealing to the aspirations and fears we have for ourselves and our families. It is in the …
Life in the slow lane: making hospitals safer, slowly but surely
Authors: Judy Walker, Steve Andrews, Dave Grewcock, Aidan Halligan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

Recognition that serious deficiencies in mutual respect and team work were hampering safe and effective patient care led to the creation of the cultural change initiative described here. We feel this has widespread applicability to other healthcare settings. The After Action Review (AAR) concept was adapted for use in the NHS for the first time as it provides a deceptively simple vehicle to structure healthy blame free team interactions with the aim of improving practice and team behaviours. The organizational and psychological barriers to being able to do this in multi-professional teams are accentuated by the hierarchical nature of the clinical context, but this project has begun to make lasting change so that AAR is an approach that is now widely understood and frequently used.
Association of mobile phone use with adult brain cancer remains plausible
Authors: D. L. Davis, A. B. Miller, A. Philips
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Little and colleagues compare the observed patterns for glioma incidence in the US from 1992 to 2008 for non-Hispanic white people with estimated rates based on glioma risks found by the INTERPHONE Study Group and Hardell et al, concluding that there is no evidence linking glioma with use of mobile phones.1 2 3

Instead of using incidence data from the …
CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIOUS FORMS OF ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: EMANUEL LIBMAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

According to the studies that we have made, cases of endocarditis can for the present be best classed as rheumatic, syphilitic, acute bacterial, subacute bacterial, and indeterminate. The cause of rheumatic fever has not yet been discovered. There exists, however, a lesion specific for the disease, the Aschoff body. It is to be remembered that this is a perivascular lesion, in contradistinction to the lesion later to be noted as occurring in cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis. In rheumatic fever, a secondary infection by anhemolytic streptococci was found by Kinsella and Swift in 8.3 per cent, of the cases studied by them. At the postmortem examinations, cultures yielded the organisms in 50 per cent, of the cases. They found no immunologic reactions present for these cocci, whereas in cases of subacute streptococcus endocarditis they observed, as we did, that a complement fixation test is uniformly present when the serum of
Book Review Tuberculosis Edited by M. Monir Madkour, with Abdulaziz Al Saif, Mona Al Shahed, Kalaf R. Al Moutaery, and Aida J. Al Kudwah. 928 pp., illustrated. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 2004. $349. 3-540-01441-1
Authors: Renée Ridzon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Intracolonic environment and the presence of colonic adenomas in man.
Authors: S D van der Werf, F M Nagengast, G P van Berge Henegouwen, A W Huijbregts, J H van Tongeren
Journal: Gut (1983)

A promoting effect of large bowel contents on colonic carcinogenesis as seen in the animal model is still incompletely explored in man. We investigated simultaneously deoxycholate absorption (as marker of colonic mucosal exposure to tumour promoting bile salt metabolites), mouth-anus transit time, and the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic bacteria in stool in 10 persons with colonic adenomas and in 10 age matched control subjects. We found that anaerobic/aerobic ratios and colonic deoxycholate absorption were higher in patients with colonic adenomas (p less than 0.002 and p less than 0.001) and that these parameters were clearly interrelated, which also applied to intestinal transit times and the anaerobic/aerobic ratios. These data are consistent with a promoting effect of the intracolonic environment on development of adenomas in man. Long term induction of a more aerobic colon flora and shortening of intestinal transit time may diminish bile-salt induced tumour promotion in adenoma patients.
Emotional, Behavioral, and Developmental Features Indicative of Neglect or Emotional Abuse in Preschool Children
Authors: Aideen Mary Naughton, Sabine Ann Maguire, Mala Kanthi Mann, Rebecca Caroline Lumb, Vanessa Tempest, Shirley Gracias, Alison Mary Kemp
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Early intervention for neglect or emotional abuse in preschoolers may mitigate lifelong consequences, yet practitioners lack confidence in recognizing these children.To define the emotional, behavioral, and developmental features of neglect or emotional abuse in preschoolers.A literature search of 18 databases, 6 websites, and supplementary searching performed from January 1, 1960, to February 1, 2011, identified 22 669 abstracts. Standardized critical appraisal of 164 articles was conducted by 2 independent, trained reviewers. Inclusion criteria were children aged 0 to 6 years with confirmed neglect or emotional abuse who had emotional, behavioral, and developmental features recorded or for whom the carer-child interaction was documented.Twenty-eight case-control (matched for socioeconomic, educational level, and ethnicity), 1 cross-sectional, and 13 cohort studies were included. Key features in the child included the following: aggression (11 studies) exhibited as angry, disruptive behavior, conduct problems, oppositional behavior, and low ego control; withdrawal or passivity (12 studies), including negative self-esteem, anxious or avoidant behavior, poor emotional knowledge, and difficulties in interpreting emotional expressions in others; developmental delay (17 studies), particularly delayed language, cognitive function, and overall development quotient; poor peer interaction (5 studies), showing poor social interactions, unlikely to act to relieve distress in others; and transition (6 studies) from ambivalent to avoidant insecure attachment pattern and from passive to increasingly aggressive behavior and negative self-representation. Emotional knowledge, cognitive function, and language deteriorate without intervention. Poor sensitivity, hostility, criticism, or disinterest characterize maternal-child interactions.Preschool children who have been neglected or emotionally abused exhibit a range of serious emotional and behavioral difficulties and adverse mother-child interactions that indicate that these children require prompt evaluation and interventions.
Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Hong Kong
Authors: Yiu-hong Leung, Raymond Wai-man Lai, Allen Chi-wai Chan, Janice Yee-chi Lo, Pak-leung Ho, Monica Man-ha Wong, Shuk-kwan Chuang, Thomas Ho-fai Tsang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Ethics dialogue between rich and poor countries is overdue
Authors: M. Haslegrave
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The agreement of the recent meeting organised by the European Group on Medical Ethics—that there should be more dialogue between rich and poor countries on cross cultural ethical issues—is long overdue.1 Experts on medical ethics in the developed world have consistently ignored conditions under which health care is provided in developing countries when making recommendations on ethical codes and guidelines, with the result that medical ethics is given little attention in their medical schools and may not be taught at …
Environmental Epigenetics and Asthma
Authors: Rachel L. Miller, Shuk-mei Ho
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Recent studies suggest that epigenetic regulation (heritable changes in gene expression that occur in the absence of alterations in DNA sequences) may in part mediate the complex gene-by-environment interactions that can lead to asthma. The variable natural history of asthma (i.e., incidence and remission of symptoms) may be a result of epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, microRNA changes, and chromatin alterations, after early or later environmental exposures. Findings from multiple epidemiologic and experimental studies indicate that asthma risk may be modified by epigenetic regulation. One study suggested that the transmission of asthma risk may occur across multiple generations. Experimental studies provide substantial in vitro data indicating that DNA methylation of genes critical to T-helper cell differentiation may induce polarization toward or away from an allergic phenotype. Despite this initial progress, fundamental questions remain that need to be addressed by well-designed research studies. Data generated from controlled experiments using in vivo models and/or clinical specimens collected after environmental exposure monitoring are limited. Importantly, cohort-driven epigenetic research has the potential to address key questions, such as those concerning the influence of timing of exposure, dose of exposure, diet, and ethnicity on susceptibility to asthma development. There is immense promise that the study of environmental epigenetics will help us understand a theoretically preventable environmental disease.
Saphenous Vein Grafts With Multiple Versus Single Distal Targets in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Rajendra H. Mehta, T. Bruce Ferguson, Renato D. Lopes, Gail E. Hafley, Michael J. Mack, Nicholas T. Kouchoukos, C. Michael Gibson, Robert A. Harrington, Robert M. Califf, Eric D. Peterson, John H. Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Limited information exists on the intermediate-term graft patency and 5-year clinical outcomes of patients receiving saphenous vein grafts with multiple (m-SVG) versus single distal targets (s-SVG) during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in the current era.We studied the association of the use of m-SVG versus s-SVG conduits with 1-year SVG failure (defined as ≥75% angiographic stenosis) and 5-year clinical events (death; death or myocardial infarction [MI]; and death, MI, or revascularization) in 3014 patients undergoing their first CABG surgery enrolled in the Project of Ex-vivo Vein Graft Engineering via Transfection (PREVENT) IV. Of 3014 patients enrolled in PREVENT IV, 1045 (34.7%) had ≥1 m-SVGs during CABG. Vein graft failure at 1-year was higher for m-SVG compared with s-SVG (adjusted odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.48). At 5 years, the adjusted composite of death, MI (including perioperative MI), or revascularization (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.31) and death or MI (hazard ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.43) were significantly higher in patients receiving m-SVGs.In patients undergoing first CABG surgery, the use of m-SVG was associated with a higher 1-year vein graft failure rate and trends toward worse clinical outcomes. Additional studies are needed to better understand the most appropriate conduit to improve long-term graft patency and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing CABG surgery. In the meantime, these data should encourage the use of s-SVG over m-SVG when feasible.
Primary oat cell carcinoma of the trachea.
Authors: A S Soorae, J R Gibbons
Journal: Thorax (1979)

Primary malignant tumours of the trachea are so uncommon that they are not even mentioned in many textbooks or are referred to only briefly.Oat cell carcinoma of the trachea is so rare that only five detailed case reports have been published (see table ). Case reportA 47-year-old man complained of cough and intermittent haemoptysis for three months.The haemoptysis varied from streaking of the sputum to frank blood.He had lost about 3 kg over one month.He gave no history of wheeze, shortness of breath, or chest pain but stated that he smoked about 15 cigarettes a day.He looked well, was not anaemic, and had no respiratory distress or stridor.He had good air
P273 THE PATHOLOGICAL PROGRESSION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE CORRELATES WITH GUT MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION IN MICE: FROM NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER TO NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: J. Peng, F. Huang, X. Li, L. Chen, Q. Feng, Y. Hu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Studies on search for bioactive natural products targeting TRAIL signaling leading to tumor cell apoptosis
Authors: Masami Ishibashi, Takashi Ohtsuki
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2008)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in many transformed cells but not in normal cells and, hence, has been expected as a new anticancer strategy. During our studies on search for bioactive natural products from various natural resources such as plants and microorganisms, we recently identified several natural products which exhibited activities related to TRAIL signaling. Dimeric sesquiterpenoids isolated from Zingiberaceous plant, Curcuma parviflora , showed enhancement activity of gene expression of TRAIL‐receptor and TRAIL‐receptor protein level. Several new isoflavone natural products, named brandisianins, were isolated from Leguminosaeous plant, Millettia brandisiana , by our screening study targeting TRAIL‐receptor expression enhancement activity. A dihydroflavonol (BB1) that was extracted from Compositaeous plant, Blumea balsamifera , and fuligocandin B, a new anthranilylproline‐indole alkaloid isolated from myxomycete were found to exhibit reversal effect of TRAIL resistance activity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 28, No. 5, 688–714, 2008
Diagnosis, Medical and Surgical Management of Coronary Insufficiency
Authors: ALBERT A. KATTUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Coronary artery injections of radio-opaque material into the vessels of autopsy hearts first disclosed that angina pectoris in most cases is due to extensive narrowing and occlusion of these vessels by atherosclerotic disease. These studies also showed that the development of coronary collateral anastomoses could compensate to a great extent for obstructions in the coronary arteries. The electrocardiographic hallmark of myocardial hypoxia, ST segment depression, has provided a valuable diagnostic method that identifies the presence of coronary insufficiency when it accompanies either spontaneous or induced anginal pain. The two-step test is a useful diagnostic method, and treadmill testing with electrocardiogram (EKG) monitoring provides a quantitative measure of the severity of angina as well as evidence of adaptation in the coronary circulation. Coronary arteriography discloses the extent of coronary obstructive disease, its accessibility for surgical correction, and the extent of compensatory collateral development. Surgical attempts at direct relief of coronary obstruction have been disappointing, but some brilliant successes point out the need for further study of this field. Control of serum lipid levels by diet and drugs offers hope of reducing the risk of coronary disease. A carefully graded walking exercise program may lead to improvement of clinical angina and treadmill performance in selected patients; this may provide a method for medical revascularization of the heart.
Using a population-based cancer reporting system to evaluate a breast cancer detection and awareness program
Authors: P. L. Remington, P. M. Lantz
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1992)

During May 1987, a total of 10,207 Wisconsin women were screened as partof a statewide Breast Cancer Detection and Awareness program sponsored bythe Wisconsin Division of the American Cancer Society. Data from apopulation-based cancer reporting system were used to predict the number ofexpected breast cancer cases for that year. After controlling for secularand seasonal trends, we found that, compared with the number of cases thatwould have been expected, 51 more cases of localized breast cancer werediagnosed in the state during the time of the program. This studydemonstrates the public health impact of a statewide screening program andthe usefulness of a cancer reporting system in program evaluation.
Association of Roadway Proximity with Fasting Plasma Glucose and Metabolic Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in a Cross-Sectional Study of Cardiac Catheterization Patients
Authors: Cavin K. Ward-Caviness, William E. Kraus, Colette Blach, Carol S. Haynes, Elaine Dowdy, Marie Lynn Miranda, Robert B. Devlin, David Diaz-Sanchez, Wayne E. Cascio, Shaibal Mukerjee, Casson Stallings, Luther A. Smith, Simon G. Gregory, Svati H. Shah, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Lucas M. Neas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

The relationship between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease needs to be better understood in order to address the adverse impact of air pollution on human health.We examined associations between roadway proximity and traffic exposure zones, as markers of TRAP exposure, and metabolic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk in a cohort of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.We performed a cross-sectional study of 2,124 individuals residing in North Carolina (USA). Roadway proximity was assessed via distance to primary and secondary roadways, and we used residence in traffic exposure zones (TEZs) as a proxy for TRAP. Two categories of metabolic outcomes were studied: measures associated with glucose control, and measures associated with lipid metabolism. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, body mass index, and socioeconomic status (SES).An interquartile-range (990 m) decrease in distance to roadways was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (β = 2.17 mg/dL; 95% CI: -0.24, 4.59), and the association appeared to be limited to women (β = 5.16 mg/dL; 95% CI: 1.48, 8.84 compared with β = 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI: -3.04, 3.33 in men). Residence in TEZ 5 (high-speed traffic) and TEZ 6 (stop-and-go traffic), the two traffic zones assumed to have the highest levels of TRAP, was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; β = 8.36; 95% CI: -0.15, 16.9 and β = 5.98; 95% CI: -3.96, 15.9, for TEZ 5 and 6, respectively).Proxy measures of TRAP exposure were associated with intermediate metabolic traits associated with cardiovascular disease, including fasting plasma glucose and possibly HDL-C.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ROENTGEN OR X RAYS.
Authors: JAMES BURRY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Probably no scientific discovery has received wider attention than the promulgation of the use of this ray has elicited. Prof. William Conrad Roentgen attracted the attention of the world when he succeeded in making photographs of the bones of the human body through the living subject. Earlier experimenters had described photographic activity in cathode rays, and it may be proper to consider some of their work. In 1879 Prof. William Crookes presented to the Royal Society a paper embodying the results of a series of remarkable experiments on electrical discharges through vacua. Previous to this, experimenters had investigated discharges through rarefied gases, and had observed in a general way the behavior of discharges in comparatively high vacua. Faraday also had speculated on the possibility of an attenuated state of matter in which the behavior of molecules might be expected to be different than in the case of matter in any
ABC of the upper gastrointestinal tract: Indigestion and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: J M Seager, C J Hawkey
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually thought to pose a dilemma for doctors wishing to prescribe them. Their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties have led to their widespread use for rheumatoid and (much more commonly) other conditions often regarded as more trivial. However they are ulcerogenic to the stomach and duodenum and lead to a threefold to 10-fold increase in ulcer complications, hospitalisation, and death from ulcer disease.1



Three ulcers (one bleeding) in the gastric antrum caused by NSAIDs. Such ulcer complications are estimated to cause up to 16 500 deaths each year in the United States and 2000 deaths a year in Britain



In fact, the dilemma is more complex than whether potentially life threatening drugs should be used to manage conditions that are uncomfortable but not in themselves life threatening. There is growing evidence that NSAIDs have other incidental benefits. The only study to investigate overall life expectancy with drug use found non-significant trends towards enhanced rather than reduced life expectancy. Aspirin has benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease and probably cancer that seem to far outweigh the hazards of gastrointestinal ulceration. Limited evidence suggests that these benefits may be shared by other NSAIDs.

About 24 million prescriptions a year are written for NSAIDs in the United Kingdom. Half of these are given to patients over the age of 60. At any one time about 15% of elderly people are taking an NSAID. Average prescribing rates are calculated to be 426 scripts per 1000 population per year.



Hospitalisations due to complications associated with NSAID use are a problem in elderly patients



Less than 10% of NSAIDs used in the community seem to be for rheumatoid arthritis, and less than half for any form of arthritis. They are widely used for acute soft tissue injury and more chronically for undiagnosed …
Delivery of wheelchairs to disabled children.
Authors: P Dorsett, K S Holt, A Wisbeach
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In a follow-up study from a children9s wheelchair clinic the delivery times for 120 wheelchairs ordered during 1973--7 were analysed. Delivery delays were considerable: only 22 of the 120 chairs were delivered within one month and 69 within three months, while 21 took over six months to arrive. Factors such as the type of chair ordered, the need for modifications, and the centre handling the transaction did not influence delivery time. Administrative delays may be an important contributory factor.