tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of anesthesia on the canine carotid chemoreceptor reflex.
Authors: M Zimpfer, S P Sit, S F Vatner
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We studied the effects of alpha-chloralose (100 mg/kg, iv), Na pentobarbital (25 mg/kg, iv) and halothane (1 vol% and 2 vol%) on the response to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation (CCRS) in eight chronically instrumented dogs. CCRS was accomplished by means of intracarotid injections of nicotine while ventilation was held constant in the unanesthetized state and following administration of one of three different anesthetics. In the conscious state, CCRS elicited intense bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction as reflected by a 173 +/- 14% increase in initial cardiac cycle length and a 216 /+- 22% increase in mean iliac vascular resistance. Each anaesthetic, studied on separate days, attenuated these responses to CCRS strikingly (P less than 0.01). For instance, after alpha-chloralose, CCRS increased iliac resistance by only 55 +/- 14% and cardiac cycle length by only 27 +/- 13%. After Na pentobarbital, CCRS increased iliac resistance by 12 +/- 4% and cardiac cycle length by 8 +/- 5%. After inhalation of halothane (1 vol%), CCRS increased iliac resistance by 28 +/- 7% and cardiac cycle length by 11 +/- 5%, whereas halothane (2 vol%) abolished these responses to CCRS. Thus, general anesthesia interferes severely with carotid chemoreceptor control of the circulation. Whereas halothane and Na pentobarbital altered responses to CCRS the most, we found that even alpha-chloralose, which has been thought to maintain or augment reflex responses, was able to depress the response to CCRS strikingly.
The Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the United States
Authors: Miriam J. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To determine trends in the incidence and epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in the United States we conducted intensive surveillance for viral hepatitis in four sentinel counties from October 1, 1981, to September 30, 1988. The overall incidence of hepatitis B remained relatively constant throughout the study period (average, 13.2 cases per 100,000 population), but disease transmission patterns changed significantly. The proportions of hepatitis B cases accounted for by homosexual activity and health care employment decreased 62% and 75%, respectively; the proportions of cases accounted for by parenteral drug use and heterosexual exposure increased 80% and 38%, respectively. The percentage of patients for whom no risk factor was identified (30% to 40%) did not change over time. These patients tended to belong to minority populations, and their socioeconomic level was low. The decline in the number of hepatitis B cases among homosexual men probably results from the modification of high-risk sexual behavior; the decline among health care workers is due mostly to hepatitis B immunization. The current strategy for prevention of hepatitis B, which targets high-risk groups for immunization, has failed to have a significant impact on the incidence of disease.
The blood transfusion service and the National Health Service
Authors: B. E Clayton, J E Banatvala, A Jacobs, W Wagstaff
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Objective</h3> The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was used to estimate the national influence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on employment, limitations in work or housework, inability to work or do housework, missed work days, days spent sick in bed, and annual wages. <h3>Methods</h3> MEPS is a nationally representative survey of the US population. Multiple logistic, negative binomial, and Heckman selection regression methods were used, controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, smoking status, income, education, and chronic comorbidity. RA was identified using International Classification of Diseases-9 code 714. <h3>Results</h3> In unadjusted descriptive statistics, individuals with RA were older, had more chronic conditions, missed more work days, spent more days sick in bed, had lower employment rates, had higher rates of limitations and inability to work, and received disability benefits at higher rates. After adjustment, multiple regression analyses showed individuals with RA were 53% less likely to be employed [OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34–0.65], 3.3 times more likely to have limitations in work or housework (95% CI 2.35–4.64), 2.3 times more likely to be unable to work or do housework (95% CI 1.55–3.53), and spent 3.6 times as many days sick in bed as those without RA (95% CI 2.32–5.53). RA was associated with an expected loss of $8957 in annual earnings (95% CI $1881–$15,937). There was no statistically significant difference in missed work days or the level of wages. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the most recent available national data for adults, RA was associated with reductions in employment, productivity, and function.
Renal tubular protein absorption in the rat
Authors: Marshall A. Cortney, Linda L. Sawin, Dennis D. Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Radioiodinated protein solutions, 20 nl in volume, were injected into surface proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the rat kidney. The unabsorbed fraction was collected in ureteral urine, and the percentage recovered was expressed as a function of the injection site. Recovery increased progressively from more distal sites of injection indicating absorption along the proximal tubule of human serum albumin, insulin, and ribonuclease. Fractional absorption of albumin along the proximal tubule varied from 0 to 20% of the injected load, and was similar when the injectate concentration was 20, 40, or 100 mg/100 ml. Fractional absorption along the proximal tubule of insulin and ribonuclease, smaller proteins, was 30 to 50% of the injected load, and was similar with insulin concentrations of 0.09 mg/100 ml and 40 mg/100 ml and ribonuclease concentration of 40 mg/100 ml. In addition to this constant fractional absorption of each protein in the proximal tubule, smaller amounts were absorbed when injections were made in distal convoluted tubules.
Christopher John Anders
Authors: P. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Consultant surgeon St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, 1966-92 (b Umstata, Transkei, 1927; q Cape Town 1951; FRCS), died from prostate cancer on 7 June 2002.


After qualifying and early surgical experience in the Eastern Cape he came as surgical registrar to the Hammersmith Hospital. Later he joined the St George's Hospital surgical rotation with a year in California. 



As general surgeon at St Peter's, he dealt with the upper abdomen in particular and towards the end of his career he inaugurated a specialised breast disease service. He and his wife, Patsy, proved a formidable team in the charitable field. He was widely travelled and a keen yachtsman. Predeceased by his eldest daughter, he leaves Patsy; two daughters; and a grandson.
Prognostic Importance of Thallium Uptake by the Lungs during Exercise in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: J B Gill, T D Ruddy, J B Newell, D M Finkelstein, H W Strauss, C A Boucher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We studied the value of thallium imaging as compared with clinical and exercise-test variables in predicting cardiac events occurring over five years in 525 consecutive patients referred for thallium-exercise testing in 1979. Follow-up was obtained on 467 patients (89 percent). There were 105 cardiac events--25 cardiac deaths, 33 myocardial infarctions, and 47 coronary bypass procedures. A Cox survival analysis identified increased thallium uptake by the lungs, a marker of left ventricular dysfunction during exercise, as the best predictor of a cardiac event (relative risk ratio = 3.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.2 to 5.4). The next most powerful predictors were a history of typical angina, a previous myocardial infarction, and ST-segment depression during exercise (relative risk ratios = 2.1, 1.8, and 1.7, respectively). No combination of variables made up for the loss in prognostic power when the variable of increased thallium uptake by the lungs was removed from the model. Cardiac events occurred over five years in 10 (5 percent) of 192 patients with a normal thallium scan, 41 (25 percent) of 163 patients with an abnormal thallium scan but normal thallium activity in the lungs, and 54 (67 percent) of 81 patients with increased thallium uptake by the lungs (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that increased uptake of thallium by the lungs during exercise predicts a high risk of subsequent cardiac events.
Sez-6 Proteins Affect Dendritic Arborization Patterns and Excitability of Cortical Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Jenny M. Gunnersen, Mary H. Kim, Stephanie J. Fuller, Melanie De Silva, Joanne M. Britto, Vicki E. Hammond, Philip J. Davies, Steve Petrou, E.S. Louise Faber, Pankaj Sah, Seong-Seng Tan
Journal: Neuron (2007)
The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: Cholera from the Perspective of 1966.
Authors: Robert A. Phillips
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The James D. Bruce Memorial Lecture: Cholera from the Perspective of 1966.Robert A. Phillips, M.D.Robert A. Phillips, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1169_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAfter a brief historical introduction, the pathophysiology of cholera will be discussed.The electrolyte composition of the cholera stool at rates greater than 4 ml/kg/hr is quite constant at Na + 140, K + 10, Cl - 110, and HCO3 - 40 mEq/liter (± 5 mEq/liter). Because of this, a standard method for the treatment of cholera by the intravenous route was feasible.Diarrhea can mean only that the absorptive capacity of the intestine for water and electrolytes has been exceeded.The defect can be a failure of absorption ("poisoning of the sodium pump"), an enhanced plasma → gut lumen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MC USN Dacca-5, East Pakistan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1169-1169KeywordsBlood plasmaCholeraDiarrheaSaltsSodium Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Randomized Comparison of Triple-Site Versus Dual-Site Ventricular Stimulation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Christophe Leclercq, Fredrik Gadler, Wolfgang Kranig, Sue Ellery, Daniel Gras, Arnaud Lazarus, Jacques Clémenty, Eric Boulogne, Jean-Claude Daubert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
ON A LITTLE-KNOWN TYPE OF AMBLYOPIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: S. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1908)

A CHILD iS sometimes brought for advice on account of poor sight, often discovered for the first time during early school life.In the hurry of an out-patient department it may happen that the underlying condition is assumed to be one of-ordinary ametropia.The relative visual acuity is probably recorded, and atropin is certainly prescribed for home use.Later, a careful estimation is made of the child's refraction.It is then found that the absolute visual acuity, despite correcting glasses, can perhaps be brought no higher than one-third or one-half normal, while the optic discs are greyer than they should be.The ophthalmoscopic condition, in short, is one familiar to every physician as " post-papillitip " or " post-neuritic " atrophy.The atrophic changes, nevertheless, are not complete, and may, indeed, be so slight as to escape recognition in the absence of careful ophthalmoscopic examination.In the cases which it is the more particular object of this communica- tion to describe the appearances are best characterized as those of "incomplete post-papillitic atrophy of the optic disc."They are, so far as I have seen, invariably bilateral, although possibly sometimes more pronounced in one eye than in the other.
Mice deficient in LMAN1 exhibit FV and FVIII deficiencies and liver accumulation of α1-antitrypsin
Authors: Bin Zhang, Chunlei Zheng, Min Zhu, Jiayi Tao, Matthew P. Vasievich, Andrea Baines, Jinoh Kim, Randy Schekman, Randal J. Kaufman, David Ginsburg
Journal: Blood (2011)
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Authors: Isadore Brodsky, Robert L. Mayock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

PULMONARY alveolar proteinosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by the deposition of periodic-acidSchiff-(PAS)-positive granular and floccular proteinaceous material, rich in lipids, within the lumens of the distal air spaces.1 The proteinaceous material is believed to be derived from the granular transformation of proliferated large mononuclear cells in the walls of the alveoli ("septal cells") and their subsequent sloughing and degeneration. Since the initial report of this condition in 19581 additional cases have been described with increasing frequency.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis has been principally symptomatic. Therapeutic trials have included adrenal steroids,1 , 3 , 7 antibiotics,1 potassium iodide in large . . .
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin α Targets Intratumoral Blood Vessels, Improving Chemotherapy in Human Xenograft Models
Authors: József Tóvári, Réka Gilly, Erzsébet Rásó, Sándor Paku, Bíborka Bereczky, Norbert Varga, Ágnes Vágó, József Tímár
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is widely used for correction of hemoglobin level in cancer patients. However, apart from hematopoiesis, rHuEPO reportedly has an effect on endothelial cells. We describe here how rHuEPOα can modulate tumor vasculature in human squamous cell (A431) and colorectal carcinoma (HT25) xenograft models. In vivo rHuEPO treatment of xenografts at human-equivalent dose significantly increased the proliferation index of the tumor-associated endothelial cells and the size of CD31-positive intratumoral blood vessels, whereas the pericyte coverage became fragmented. Moreover, rHuEPO administration resulted in decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor both by cancer cells and tumor stroma, measured by quantitative PCR. Due to the morphologic alterations in tumoral microvessels, DNA-binding agents (Hoechst and Doxorubicin) labeled significantly larger areas in the tumor mass. Furthermore, rHuEPO treatment led to a significantly improved efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in the case of both tumor xenografts. Meanwhile, rHuEPO had no effect on the in vitro proliferation of erythropoietin receptor–positive tumor cells, and did not interfere with the effects of 5-FU either. These data reveal a new effect of rHuEPO administration: remodeling tumoral microvessels, suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor expression, thereby augmenting antitumor effects of a cancer drug, 5-FU, even in erythropoietin receptor–positive human cancer xenografts.
Update in Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease 2011
Authors: Payam Nahid, Dick Menzies
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<Epidemiology of Tuberculo...Diagnosis of Tuberculosis...Treatment of TB and Laten...Treatment of Nontuberculo...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Adverse reactions from the illicit use of lysergide.
Authors: T. H. Bewley
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Smith , 1960), but the precipitation of such a situation by folic acid cannot fortunately be common, since the dangers of neurological damage by folic acid in the presence of vitamin-B12 deficiency are now well known (Spies and Stone, 1947; Isramls and Wilkinson, 1949 ; Conley and Krevans, 1955).The results were so dramatic in a case which recently came to our attention that we feel the details are deserving of record. CASE HISTORYA 53-year-old housewife presented in February 1966 with a four- year history of intermittent numbness and tinglings in the arms and legs which had been diagnosed elsewhere at the onset as being due to cervical spondylosis and treated by neck traction with partial relief.After a minor traumatic episode six months before presenta- tion the symptoms had become more pronounced and unremitting and she had also developed weakness 'of fine movements of the hands.During the last six months she had felt depressed.On inquiring into her past history it was found that she had been treated by " acid " for anaemia 15 years previously-this was probably hydrochloric acid-and that it had been discontinued after some 12 months.In March 1965 she was admitted to another hospital for hysterectomy for menorrhagia.At this time a blood count showed: Hb 50% (7.4 g./100 ml.); P.C.V. 25%; M.C.H.C. 30% ; W.B.C. 4,000/cu.mm., normal differential; reticulocytes 6%; M.C.D. 7.8 M by halometry; appearances of film compatible with rapid red cell regeneration with some hypochromia, but macrocytosis not striking.A histidine loading test for formimino- glutamic acid was weakly positive.Blood transfusion, iron, and on 8 July
Continuing Medical Education and the Physician as a Learner
Authors: Paul E. Mazmanian, David A. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardial Efficiency and Sympathetic Reinnervation After Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Authors: Frank M. Bengel, Peter Ueberfuhr, Nina Schiepel, Stephan G. Nekolla, Bruno Reichart, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The lack of cardiac catecholamine uptake and storage caused by sympathetic denervation may influence performance of the transplanted heart. Reinnervation, occurring late after transplantation, may partially resolve these effects. In this study, oxidative metabolism and its relation to cardiac work were compared in allografts and normal and failing hearts, and the effects of sympathetic reinnervation were evaluated. Methods and Results —Twenty-seven nonrejecting, symptom-free transplant recipients, 11 healthy control subjects, and 10 patients with severe dilated cardiomyopathy underwent PET with 11 C acetate for assessment of oxidative metabolism by the clearance constant k(mono) and radionuclide angiography or MRI for measurement of ventricular function, geometry, and work. Efficiency was estimated noninvasively by a work-metabolic index [WMI=(stroke volume×heart rate×systolic pressure)/ k(mono) ]. In 14 of 27 transplants, presence of regional reinnervation was identified with PET and the catecholamine analogue 11 C hydroxyephedrine (extent, 24±14% of left ventricle). The WMI was comparable in normal subjects and reinnervated and denervated transplants (6.2±2.3 versus 4.9±2.0 versus 4.9±1.2 · 10 6 mm Hg · mL; P =NS) and significantly lower in cardiomyopathy patients (3.0±1.3 · 10 6 mm Hg · mL; P &lt;0.001). For normal subjects and transplant recipients, the WMI was significantly correlated with afterload (peripheral vascular resistance; r =−0.65, P &lt;0.01), preload (end-diastolic volume; r =0.78, P &lt;0.01), and stroke volume ( r =0.81, P &lt;0.01) but not with hydroxyephedrine retention (transplants only; r =0.09, P =NS). Conclusions —After transplantation, cardiac efficiency is improved compared with failing hearts and comparable to normal hearts. Differences between denervated and reinnervated allografts were not surveyed. Additionally, the dependency on loading conditions and contractility was preserved, suggesting that normal regulatory interactions for efficiency are intact and that sympathetic tone does not play a role under resting conditions.
Abstract 4620: Development of honokiol for the prevention of UVB-induced skin tumor development
Authors: Shivani Chilampalli, Ranjith Averineni, Jiashu Xie, Omathanu Perumal, Chandradhar Dwivedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers and its incidence is expected to increase substantially. UVB is major etiologic factor in the skin cancer development. Honokiol, a plant ligan isolated from bark and seed cones of Magnolia officinalis, has been shown to have chemopreventive effects on UVB-induced skin cancer development in our laboratory. The objectives of this investigation are to study chemopreventive effects of dose response of honokiol on UVB-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1mice and to prepare topical formulations of honokiol that deliver effective concentration of drug locally. Female SKH-1 mice were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 received acetone one hour before UVB treatment; Group 2, 3 and 4 received honokiol (0.2 ml of 30, 45 and 60 μg in acetone, topical) before each UVB treatment. Mice were treated with UVB dose of 30 mJ/cm2/day for 25 weeks. Tumor counts and group weights were taken weekly. Honokiol pretreated groups resulted in 36-78% reduction in tumor multiplicity compared to control. Honokiol pretreatment (60 μg) decreased tumor incidence by 40 %. Topical formulation of honokiol gel was prepared by using carbomer 940 as base and propylene glycol as penetration enhancer. Drug content and content uniformity were determined. Release studies and permeation studies were studied in detail. This study is supported by Translational Cancer Research Center funded as 2010 Research Initiative Center by the State of South Dakota Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4620
Beyond diagnosis: rising to the multimorbidity challenge
Authors: D. Mangin, I. Heath, M. Jamoulle
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Urgently needs radical shifts in research, evidence based guidance, and healthcare In January 2012 the Institute of Medicine in the United States published the report of a consensus study on living well with chronic illness. The report made 17 recommendations for public health approaches to chronic disease prevention, surveillance, data gathering, and chronic disease management programmes that would help improve quality of life and functioning and reduce disability.1 Although the report makes some interesting recommendations (box 1), particularly about research in chronic disease, and displays a welcome shift in emphasis to "living well" rather than reducing mortality, it falls short of making the necessary paradigm shift from a disease based model to one that focuses on care for patients. This shift in thinking is urgently needed to provide good care for patients with multiple comorbidities. #### Box 1 Summary of the Institute of Medicine report, Living Well with Chronic Illness 1 This detailed literature review uses exemplar conditions including arthritis, survivorship after cancer, chronic pain, dementia, depression, type 2 diabetes, post-traumatic disabling conditions, schizophrenia, and vision and hearing loss to give broad recommendations. Its main recommendations are: