tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lyme Disease: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Daniel W. Rahn, Stephen E. Malawista
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

The incidence and the endemic range of Lyme disease in the United States have increased steadily since the disease was originally recognized in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1975. Because of the varied clinical manifestations of this illness and the use of unstandardized serologic testing methods, diagnosis is often uncertain and treatment outcomes are often difficult to evaluate. The antibiotic regimens that are commonly used in clinical practice have changed rapidly. They show much regional variation with little critical comparison of treatment results. The clinical diagnosis and the literature on the treatment of the various stages of Lyme disease are reviewed. The reported data are supplemented with recommendations based on IS years of clinical experience with this illness.
Air Embolism
Authors: Paul J. Schmidt, Sherwin V. Kevy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE inadvertent introduction of an air embolus into the venous circulation during procedures of minor surgery is a recognized danger, and undoubtedly there are many more such mishaps than are reported.1 , 2 In the field of blood banking, air embolism was a well known danger during the days of direct transfusion and improvised collection systems.3 4 5 6 7 This hazard is now generally ignored in discussions of the legal aspects of blood banking and of proper phlebotomy-room technics. Yet in emergency situations blood is often collected from donors by inexperienced personnel. With the increasing use of heparinized blood and platelet concentrates, blood is again . . .
Abstract 2140: Regulator of G-protein signaling 2 blunts cellular viability mediated by a stabilized lysophosphatidic acid analogue (2S-OMPT) in the presence of chemotherapy in an ovarian cancer cell model of chemoresistance
Authors: Molly K. Altman, Mourad W. Ali, Phillip C. Callihan, Shelley B. Hooks, Mandi M. Murph
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) enhances growth, survival, viability and proliferation in numerous models. Thus, the receptors for LPA are also implicated in oncogenic signaling and represent a group of “druggable” therapeutic targets in cancer. Regulator of G protein Signaling 2 (RGS2) is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) that deactivates the G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, turning off G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. In our previous studies examining computational bioinformatics, we demonstrated that reduced RGS gene expression develops with the occurrence of drug resistance in ovarian cancer cell lines. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the LPA receptors are also involved in mediating viability as a result of enhanced GPCR signaling due to reduced RGS proteins in this chemoresistance model. This is important since RGS proteins can deactivate G alpha subunits of many different GPCRs, and are not specific to merely the LPA receptors. If a “druggable” GPCR is mediating viability in chemoresistance, it is critical to identify which ones are responsible. To test this idea we used the metabolically stabilized LPA analogue L-sn-1-O-oleoyl-2-O-methylglyceryl-3-phosphothionate (2S-OMPT) as a potent non-hydrolyzable agonist for LPA receptors at a concentration (10 µM) sufficient to activate multiple LPA receptors. We hypothesized that if LPA signaling was not involved, then OMPT would override any contribution of RGS2 on modulating the viability response in the presence of chemotherapy. Using a tet-off promoter system, we generated an inducible stable model of RGS2-expressing HeyA8-MDR cells, which we have previously confirmed are resistant to taxanes. After 48 h OMPT pre-treatment, HeyA8-MDR-RGS2-inducible cells were exposed to cisplatin for 24 h and evaluated for viability. IC50 values for cisplatin were lower in the RGS2-induced HeyA8-MDR cells that were not pretreated with OMPT, a demonstration of enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin in the presence of RGS2. All conditions pre-treated with OMPT demonstrated enhanced viability even in the presence of chemotherapy; however, ovarian cancer cells that were pretreated with OMPT and cultured in tet-free medium to induce RGS2 expression showed a significant blunting of viability. This supports the interaction between LPA receptors and RGS2 in the control of drug sensitivity in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and provides a mechanism for our current and previous observations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2140. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2140
Leukemia-associated fusion proteins, dek-can and bcr-abl, represent immunogenic HLA-DR-restricted epitopes recognized by fusion peptide-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: M Makita, T Azuma, H Hamaguchi, H Niiya, K Kojima, S Fujita, M Tanimoto, M Harada, M Yasukawa
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Developmental surveillance in general practice.
Authors: G H Jenkins, C Collins, S Andren
Journal: BMJ (1978)

During a two-year study of a developmental surveillance programme covering all children under 5 in a large general practice in the south of England, 2157 children were examined, including 382 newborn babies seen at home. Suspected disorders--excluding those found during non-routine consultations--were discovered in 232 children (15% of boys and 11% of girls), of whom 171 (104 boys and 67 girls) were referred to specialist agencies. The number and nature of the disorders show that routine surveillance on the lines proposed by the Court Committee is worth while. Nevertheless, such programmes could not be started on a national scale without increased resources for the specialist services to which more children would need to be referred.
Intraoperative recording of the His bundle electrogram in man. An assessment of its precision.
Authors: M Dick, E Krongrad, R E Antar, S Ross, F O Bowman, J R Malm, B F Hoffman
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To estimate the effect of distance between the electrode and the signal source on the amplitude of the His bundle electrogram (HBE) recorded during open heart surgery, a specially designed probe, containing six pairs of closely spaced (1 mm) electrodes was placed on the endocardial surface of the right atrium such that each electrode pair was parallel to the course of the His bundle. The amplitude of the HBE recorded through electrodes closest to the His bundle ranged from 0.76 to 2.44 mV, at 1mm from 0.38 to 1.13 mV, at 2mm from 0.27 to 0.86 mV, and at 3 mm from 0.2 to 0.44 mV. Maximal amplitude of HBE decreased by 57% at 1mm, 73% at 2 mm, and 82% at 3mm. The percent decrease was initially rapid, then declined more slowly at distances greater than 1 mm, resembling in form data obtained previously in animal studies by different techniques. Since the maximum HBE was greater than 1.0 mV in nine of 11 patients, and equal to or greater than 1.0 mV in only two of 11 patients at 1 mm, and less than 1.0 mV in all patients 2.0 mm from the maximal HBE, the anatomic location of the His bundle can be estimated from HBE amplitude. Intracardiac electrograms, recorded through closely spaced bipolar electrodes during open heart surgery, afford clinically useful precision in locating the specialized conduction tissue of the heart.
Tc-99m HMPAO-Labeled Leukocyte Scintigraphy With Hybrid SPECT/CT Detects Perianal Fistulas in Crohn Disease
Authors: Luca Filippi, Livia Biancone, Carmelina Petruzziello, Orazio Schillaci
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Scintigraphy with Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocytes proved useful to diagnose intestinal lesions in Crohn disease (CD). The hybrid device combining single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) has been reported to improve SPECT diagnostic accuracy matching functional and anatomic information. The authors describe a 30-year-old man with ileorectal anastomosis for CD. In this case, SPECT shows an area of leukocyte accumulation within the pelvis, and SPECT/CT precisely localizes this uptake along a perianal fistulous tract. This image indicates the usefulness of the hybrid SPECT/CT device to assess the site and the extent of CD lesions within the pelvic floor.
A Fair Trial for CPC
Authors: Terrence S. Carden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Despite extensive clinical experience with circumferential pneumatic counterpressure (CPC) in the control of hemorrhage and the treatment of shock, many physicians who care for patients with such life-threatening problems have failed to add this technique to their therapeutic storehouse. This lack of universal acceptance has not, however, prevented widespread use of CPC—particularly in the prehospital setting—where there have been wide variations in the pressures used, duration of application, and recognized indications. In an effort to bring some order out of this chaos, Pelligra and Sandberg (p 708) have reviewed the 75 years of reported clinical experience with CPC. They have assessed its efficacy, reviewed the physiological effects, suggested indications and contraindications for its use, described the various devices that are available for applying such pressure, and even recommended an optimal technique. For specialists in emergency medicine and critical care, these authors have provided data to help convince skeptical colleagues of
Measles virus breaks through epithelial cell barriers to achieve transmission
Authors: Makoto Takeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Measles is a highly contagious disease that causes immunosuppression in patients. Measles virus infection has been thought to begin in the respiratory epithelium and then spread to lymphoid tissue. In this issue of the JCI, Leonard et al. provide data to suggest an alternative model of measles virus pathogenesis (see the related article beginning on page 2448). In human primary epithelial cells and rhesus monkeys in vivo, the authors show that initial infection of respiratory epithelium is not necessary for the virus to enter the host but that viral entry into epithelial cells via interaction of the virus with a receptor located on the basolateral side of the epithelium is required for viral shedding into the airway and subsequent transmission.
TO HIM FOR WHOM THE PASSING-BELL NEXT TOLLS
Authors: George X. Trimble
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Medical scientists, in general, and the medical practitioner, in particular, are so intensely concerned with the preservation of life and with the prevention of death, that for obvious reasons they are apt to lose sight of the vital role that the dead can play in saving the living.  The story of the increasingly important applications in medicine of deceased donor tissues requires no elaboration here. Cadaver skin, bone, cornea, endocrine tissue, dura, aorta, blood, fascia, and other tissues have on occasion been utilized with and without success to salvage human life and restore health. Though many successes have been recorded in various instances of therapeutic uses of tissues from deceased individuals, shortages of suitable material have at times impeded vital progress.  For almost as many years as donor tissues have figured prominently in the annals of therapeutic achievement, so for almost as many centuries has the science of anatomic dissection
Antiviral effects of the interferon-induced protein guanylate binding protein 1 and its interaction with the hepatitis C virus NS5B protein
Authors: Yasuhiro Itsui, Naoya Sakamoto, Sei Kakinuma, Mina Nakagawa, Yuko Sekine-Osajima, Megumi Tasaka-Fujita, Yuki Nishimura-Sakurai, Gouki Suda, Yuko Karakama, Kako Mishima, Machi Yamamoto, Takako Watanabe, Mayumi Ueyama, Yusuke Funaoka, Seishin Azuma, Mamoru Watanabe
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Interferons (IFNs) and the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) play a central role in antiviral responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We have reported previously that ISGs, including guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP-1), interferon alpha inducible protein (IFI)-6-16, and IFI-27, inhibit HCV subgenomic replication. In this study we investigated the effects of these ISGs against HCV in cell culture and their direct molecular interaction with viral proteins. HCV replication and virus production were suppressed significantly by overexpression of GBP-1, IFI-6-16, or IFI-27. Knockdown of the individual ISGs enhanced HCV RNA replication markedly. A two-hybrid panel of molecular interaction of the ISGs with HCV proteins showed that GBP-1 bound HCV-NS5B directly. A protein truncation assay showed that the guanine binding domain of GBP-1 and the finger domain of NS5B were involved in the interaction. Binding of NS5B with GBP-1 inhibited its guanosine triphosphatase GTPase activity, which is essential for its antiviral effect. Taken together, interferon-induced GBP-1 showed antiviral activity against HCV replication. Conclusion: Binding of the HCV-NS5B protein to GBP-1 countered the antiviral effect by inhibition of its GTPase activity. These mechanisms may contribute to resistance to innate, IFN-mediated antiviral defense and to the clinical persistence of HCV infection. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Fundholders' Handbook: A Reference for Effective Administrative Practice
Authors: P Andersen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Mary Jordan Butterworth-Heinemann, £25, pp 248 ISBN 0- 7506-1673-3

The introduction of fundholding into NHS general practice has been one of the most radical changes of recent years. Over 40% of general practitioners are now fundholders. When the unsuspecting “first wavers” committed themselves to the scheme over four years ago they were taking a step into the unknown. The scheme had not been piloted in any proper way. The hospital providers in many parts of the country did …
Uptake of yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) in normal and rotavirus treated intestine.
Authors: J Cartwright-Shamoon, G R Dickson, J Dodge, K E Carr
Journal: Gut (1996)

BACKGROUND: There has recently been a growing interest in the use of the non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii, in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, including diarrhoea. The full effects of administration of the yeast are not fully understood. AIMS: To investigate the morphological effects of inoculated S boulardii on mouse intestinal villi, both in control animals and those treated with rotavirus. METHODS: Seven day old BALB/c seronegative mice were intubated with either rotavirus (30 microliters orally) or S boulardii (1.5 g/kg) or both rotavirus and S boulardii administered together. Control animals were given saline only. Animals were killed by decapitation 48 hours post-treatment. The middle region of the small intestine was studied using light microscopy and transmission and scanning electron microscopy, including backscattered electron imaging. RESULTS: Animals treated with rotavirus with or without S boulardii developed severe diarrhoea and showed morphological villous changes such as stromal separation and increased epithelial vacuolation. Specimens treated with S boulardii contained yeast particles within the mucosal tissues. CONCLUSION: The administration of S boulardii did not influence the changes produced by rotavirus, but yeast particles appeared to be taken up by the villous mucosa, with the predominant route apparently being uptake between adjacent epithelial cells.
Enhancement of CO<sub>2</sub>-Induced Anxiety in Healthy Volunteers With the Serotonin Antagonist Metergoline
Authors: Itzhak Z. Ben-Zion, Gal Meiri, Benjamin D. Greenberg, Dennis L. Murphy, Jonathan Benjamin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: The mechanism of action of CO2-induced anxiety is unknown and has been little studied. The authors studied healthy volunteers for the possible influence of serotonin (5-HT) on CO2-induced anxiety. METHOD: Fourteen healthy volunteers received two vital capacity inhalations each of 35% CO2 and of air, preceded once by placebo and once by the 5-HT antagonist metergoline in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. RESULTS: Mean National Institute of Mental Health self-rating anxiety subscale scores increased ­nonsignificantly after CO2 inhalation; this effect was significantly enhanced by the administration of metergoline. CONCLUSIONS: The authors hypothesize that 5-HT may inhibit ­­CO2-induced anxiety, a function that is lessened by metergoline.
Leptin and the brain: then and now
Authors: Michael W. Schwartz, Denis G. Baskin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The discovery of the adipocyte hormone leptin and the demonstration that severe obesity in ob/ob and db/db mice results from mutation of genes encoding leptin and its receptor, respectively, ushered in a new era of obesity research. Our investigation into mechanisms mediating CNS actions of insulin led us to ask whether the two hormones act on a common set of hypothalamic targets. Our finding that this is indeed the case prompted studies that continue to this day. While substantial progress has been made in understanding brain mechanisms of leptin action, translating this knowledge into more effective treatment of obesity remains an elusive goal.
Depression and Psychological Distress in Patients During the Year After Curative Resection of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Yosuke Uchitomi, Ichiro Mikami, Kanji Nagai, Yutaka Nishiwaki, Tatsuo Akechi, Hitoshi Okamura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Purpose: There have been few psychosocial studies of patients after curative resection of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical course of depression and psychological distress of such patients during the year after surgery and to identify predictors of their long-term outcome. Patients and Methods: A total of 212 patients completed assessments during a 12-month follow-up period after curative resection of NSCLC. Psychological measurements at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery were conducted using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (ed 3), Revised, and the Profiles of Mood States (POMS) scale. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify predictors of psychological outcome according to these two methods of assessment. Results: The prevalence of depression did not change during the year after curative resection (range, 4.7% to 8.0%). The total POMS score was also unaltered during the year after surgery: the anger-hostility (P &lt; .001) and tension-anxiety subscale scores (P &lt; .026) had increased at 12 months, but the vigor-activity subscale score had also increased (P &lt; .001). All predictors of psychological outcome at 12 months included a depression episode after the diagnosis of lung cancer or at 1 month after surgery. Less-educated status was also a significant predictor of depression at 12 months. Conclusion: These results suggest the need for psychosocial support even after curative resection of NSCLC and indicate that an approach that includes repetitive perioperative assessment of depression and careful attention to less-educated patients might be of benefit to patients in ameliorating depression and psychological distress during the year after curative resection.
A COMPARISON OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN THE BYPASS ANGIOPLASTY REVASCULARIZATION INVESTIGATION IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS (BARI 2D) BY TYPE OF STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Vankeepuram S. Srinivas, Jiang Lu, John J. Lopez, Jorge Escobedo, GS Das, Zoran S. Nedeljkovic, Vijay Misra, Eric Bates
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effectiveness of influenza vaccination programme in preventing hospital admissions, Valencia, 2014/15 early results
Authors: J Puig-Barberà, A Mira-Iglesias, M Tortajada-Girbés, F X López-Labrador, A Belenguer-Varea, M Carballido-Fernández, E Carbonell-Franco, C Carratalá-Munuera, R Limón-Ramírez, J Mollar-Maseres, M del Carmen Otero-Reigada, G Schwarz-Chavarri, J Tuells, V Gil-Guillén
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Case 35-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A forty-year-old Venezuelan housewife entered the hospital because of weakness. One year previously the patient experienced the sudden onset of chills, fever and dysuria. Epigastric pain began to occur about fifteen minutes after eating and was often followed by vomiting, frontal headache and marked weakness. After two weeks of novobiocin therapy and one week of penicillin therapy the chills and fever disappeared, but the other symptoms progressed in severity, and the patient was bedridden during the eight months before admission because of weakness. She also complained of increasing constipation and pain in the left shoulder, left scapula . . .
Cytosolic HMGB1 controls the cellular autophagy/apoptosis checkpoint during inflammation
Authors: Xiaorong Zhu, Jeannette S. Messer, Yunwei Wang, Fanfei Lin, Candace M. Cham, Jonathan Chang, Timothy R. Billiar, Michael T. Lotze, David L. Boone, Eugene B. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The intracellular protein HMGB1 is released from cells and acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule during many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the intracellular function of HMGB1 during inflammation is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that cytosolic HMGB1 regulates apoptosis by protecting the autophagy proteins beclin 1 and ATG5 from calpain-mediated cleavage during inflammation. Colitis in mice with an intestinal epithelial cell–specific Hmgb1 deletion and patients with IBD were both characterized by increased calpain activation, beclin 1 and ATG5 cleavage, and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death compared with controls. In vitro cleavage assays and studies of enteroids verified that HMGB1 protects beclin 1 and ATG5 from calpain-mediated cleavage events that generate proapoptotic protein fragments. Together, our results indicate that HMGB1 is essential for mitigating the extent and severity of inflammation-associated cellular injury by controlling the switch between the proautophagic and proapoptotic functions of beclin 1 and ATG5 during inflammation. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that HMGB1 is pivotal for reducing tissue injury in IBD and other complex inflammatory disorders.
Evidence is poor that financial incentives in primary care improve patients' wellbeing, Cochrane review finds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Research evidence fails to show that providing financial incentives to primary care services improves patients’ wellbeing, concludes a Cochrane review published this week. The report warns policy makers to think carefully about the design of such programmes if they are to achieve real improvements for patients.

Anthony Scott, a professorial research fellow, and colleagues at the University of Melbourne’s Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research searched the literature for studies that assessed the effects of financial incentive schemes on the quality of care given by primary care practitioners. They looked for the degree to which changes in doctors’ behaviour improved patients’ wellbeing.

Despite hundreds of financial incentive schemes being introduced into primary care in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere they found only seven studies (from a …