tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic consequences of salbutamol poisoning reversed by propranolol.
Authors: A D Struthers, H L Elliott, J L Reid
Journal: BMJ (1982)

of correlation between energy intake and weight gain in preterm infants fed expressed breast milk.A further contributing factor, previously described by the Nottingham group and others,' 2 must also be considered- namely, the amount of fat which is lost in the process of milk being given to the baby.As part of a study investigating various effects of continuous and bolus intragastric milk feeding (unpublished data) we estimated the fat content of bank breast milk before and after transit down a feeding tube.An in vitro study simulating clinical practice was set up with rates varying from 4 to 10 ml/hour.The percentage of fat which was lost varied from 6 to 630,) (mean 26o0).Proportionally more was lost at slower rates (4 to 6 ml/hour).The fat loss during continuous feeding was con- siderably greater than that lost by bolus.Variable loss of human milk fat in feeding tubes can invalidate metabolic studies and must be taken into account when investigating the relation between weight gain and energy intake.It is also wasted effort to improve the fat content of human milk arriving at a milk bank and to spend much money and effort in its preparation if equal attention is not given to other factors which adversely affect the amount of fat reaching the baby.
Abstract 5449: FP-1039/GSK3052230, an FGF ligand trap, enhances VEGF antagonist therapy in preclinical models of RCC and HCC
Authors: David I. Bellovin, Servando Palencia, Kevin Hestir, Ernestine Lee, M. Phillip DeYoung, Thomas Brennan, Gerrit Los, Kevin Baker
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract An increasing body of evidence has implicated FGF2 as one of the drivers of resistance to various inhibitors of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. This resistance may play a role as a key limitation to the efficacy of therapies targeted at VEGF and its receptors. We investigated the potential for FP-1039/GSK3052230, a ligand trap that sequesters FGFs and inhibits their signaling, to enhance the activity of VEGF antagonist therapies in certain preclinical models of renal cell (RCC) and hepatocellular (HCC) carcinomas. First, we examined whether FP-1039/GSK3052230 has single agent efficacy against human RCC and HCC xenografts that express relatively high levels of FGF2, a profile that would mimic FGF2-driven resistance to VEGF therapy. We determined that this expression profile represents 34% of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and 31% of HCC patients, based on the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data. Human ccRCC xenografts with high FGF2 expression and low VEGFA expression demonstrated a significant inhibition in tumor growth when treated with FP-1039/GSK3052230 alone (TGI: 39-81%). In addition, we show that the high FGF2 expression profile is similarly predictive for the anti-tumor response of a human HCC model to single-agent FP-1039/GSK3052230 (TGI: 31-55%). In contrast, RCC models with low FGF2 expression, representing 66% of all ccRCC in the TCGA, are relatively insensitive to FP-1039/GSK3052230 as a single-agent. However, combination therapy of FP-1039/GSK3052230 with pazopanib in these tumors is significantly more effective than either agent alone. FP-1039/GSK3052230 not only slows tumor growth, but can induce ∼25% tumor regression when administered to mice bearing ccRCC xenografts that have become resistant to pazopanib. Together, our data demonstrate that FP-1039/GSK3052230 may be an effective therapy against RCC and HCC, both as a single agent in disease driven by FGF2 and in combination with VEGF antagonist therapies that represent the current standards of care for advanced disease. Citation Format: David I. Bellovin, Servando Palencia, Kevin Hestir, Ernestine Lee, M. Phillip DeYoung, Thomas Brennan, Gerrit Los, Kevin Baker. FP-1039/GSK3052230, an FGF ligand trap, enhances VEGF antagonist therapy in preclinical models of RCC and HCC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5449. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5449
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitations by Trained Ambulance Personnel
Authors: Robert J. Wilder, James R. Jude, William B. Kouwenhoven, Martin C. McMahon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

WITH the introduction of closed chest cardiac compression by Jude, Kouwenhoven, and Knickerbocker,<sup>1,2</sup>a new emergency measure became available for the treatment of sudden death. Not only is it possible to provide artificial respiration by the simple technique of mouth-to-mouth breathing but, in addition, blood can be circulated through the body by closed chest cardiac compression. The value of this technique was immediately apparent to some physicians and to many more rescue and first-aid squads who clamored for instruction. The use of closed chest cardiac compression by non-physicians, however, was seriously questioned in the early period. Even now there is some hesitance among physicians and organizations concerned with this procedure to instruct non-professional groups. The feeling arose because of the possible dangers encountered with improperly performed cardiac resuscitation, and because of the necessity of determining the cardiac status by the lay rescuer before applying the technique. In Baltimore, closed
Serious flaws mar many cancer therapy trials
Authors: John Henahan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Poor patient selection, inadequate follow-up, and premature reporting of results are among the factors that may obfuscate the meaning of many clinical trials in cancer medicine, according to several participants in the Sixth Annual Bristol-Myers Symposium on Cancer Research, held this year in Venice. For example, Umberto Veronesi, MD, director general of the Italian National Cancer Institute in Milan, pointed out that although 100 different trials on the use of chemotherapy or radiation therapy as an adjunct to cancer surgery were carried out in 1982 alone, the results in many were unconvincing or contradictory. The main flaw in such trials is that they provide little information as to the best time to administer adjunctive therapy. "A correct design for a trial on the efficacy of adjunctive surgical node dissection and/or of postoperative radiotherapy or adjunctive chemotherapy must explore their differential efficacies when applied 'earlier' [when presumptive metastases may be occult]
Positive Tc-99m TRODAT Findings in Japanese Encephalitis
Authors: Chun-Yi Lin, Sheng-Pin Changlia, Cheng-Kai Huang, Maggie SF Lin, Chung-Hsin Yeh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A 65-year-old female had high fever, headache, and myalgia for 7 days. She also had a resting tremor, shuffling gait, and bradykinesia. Brain MRI showed no specifically abnormal finding. Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) brain perfusion scan showed moderately decreased cerebral perfusion in bilateral frontal and bilateral temporal regions. Tc-99m [2-[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3,2,1]oct-2-yl]methyl](2-mercaptoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethanethiolato(3-)-N2,N2′,S2,S2′]oxo-[1R-(exo-exo)](TRODAT) is a potential agent for imaging dopamine transporter that measures dopamine terminal innervation of the striatum. The Tc-99m TRODAT scan showed significantly decreased uptake in bilateral striata. IgM capture enzyme-linked immunoassay of serum and CSF were performed and showed Japanese encephalitis.
The Permanent Artificial Heart
Authors: George A. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the Feb 12 issue of<i>JAMA</i>on the artificial heart. As a psychiatrist, I was disappointed that there was no information on the emotional and psychiatric state of the patients or their families. Nowhere did I see a discussion of the quality of life achieved by these patients or what quality, at what sacrifice, might be achieved in the future. Although I've read in the past that heart transplants often result in disturbed mental states owing to the immunosuppressant drugs needed, I've not seen articles on this recently in the journals. In these days of rising medical costs, rapid technological expansion, and an increasing geriatric population, we must evaluate the human as well as the technological effect of what we do. I would hope future evaluations of such procedures will include evaluations of the patient's mood, cognition, affect, etc, and his or her
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AND CORONARY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND (IVUS) ATHEROSCLEROSIS MEASURES IN WOMEN WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE NHLBI-SPONSORED WOMEN&amp;apos;S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION (WISE) STUDY
Authors: Asma Khalig, B. Delia Johnson, R. Anderson, Anthony Bavry, Rhonda Cooper-DeHoff, Eileen Handberg, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Carl Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cremation vs. Burial.
Authors: J. O. Malsbury
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Peru, Ind., May 13, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Regardless of what may have been the ancient customs or are the modern methods of disposing of the dead, regardless of whims and fancies pro and con, there is but one sanitary method, but one method which is safe for the living, but one method which is acceptable to the dead, and but one method which is justice to nature—that of cremation. From a sanitary standpoint, what is more elegant, more beautiful, more esthetic and cleanly than resolving the organized body into its original elements by a rapid, safe and thorough method—cremation—as against the disgusting, horrifying, slow, unsafe and inelegant method—putrefaction? Death is robbed of many of its horrors when we remember that our dear old body, even though it may have been an aching and ugly one, is to be rapidly transformed or changed, as it were, into oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Relation of Poverty and Race to Antenatal Infection
Authors: Richard L. Naeye, William A. Blanc
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Perinatal infant mortality rates in poor families in the United States are far higher than rates in the non-poor. Analysis of 1044 consecutive autopsies on stillborn and newborn infants in New York City demonstrated congenital pneumonia or sepsis (or both), primarily related to the aspiration of infected amniotic fluid, in 27 per cent. The poorest families had about twice the rate of infections as the most prosperous, and blacks about double the rate of whites and Puerto Ricans. Adrenal glands were 19 per cent heavier in infected than in noninfected infants, owing to increased cytoplasmic mass of individual cells in the permanent zone of the gland. Hyperfunction of these adrenal cells offers a possible mechanism by which infection may initiate labor.
Long term HRT may protect women from Alzheimer's disease
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new study has found that diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease were less likely in women who used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the past than in women who had never used it.

The risk was nearly three times lower among current users who reported taking HRT for more than a decade than in women who never used HRT, reaching a level similar to that seen in elderly men. However, the women in the study were not randomly assigned to take the treatment ( JAMA 2002;288:2123-9)

Dr Peter Zandi from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, …
Formation of DNA adducts and induction of mutations in rats treated with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene.
Authors: F A Beland, N F Fullerton, B A Smith, R H Heflich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

1,6-Dinitropyrene, a component of diesel exhaust, is a lung carcinogen in male F344 rats following a single intrapulmonary administration. In this study, rats were treated with tumorigenic doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene to establish dose-response relationships for the formation of DNA adducts in target (lung) and nontarget (liver) tissues and for the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant mutations in spleen T-lymphocytes. One week after treatment with 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, or 150 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene, dose-responsive DNA binding was measured in lung and liver with binding in the lung being 10-fold higher than in the liver. In the lung, a 2-fold increase in dose resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in DNA binding at treatments up to 30 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene, while in the liver, a 2-fold increase in 1,6-dinitropyrene produced a 2-fold increase in DNA binding at doses up to the 10 micrograms treatment. Higher doses of 1,6-dinitropyrene resulted in proportionally smaller increases in adduct formation in the two tissues. When measured 21 weeks after treatment, mutations in T-lymphocytes increased with doses up to 100 micrograms of 1,6-dinitropyrene, but the response was nonlinear throughout the dose range. These findings indicate that concentrations of 1,6-dinitropyrene that produce a dose-dependent induction of lung tumors also result in a dose-dependent formation of DNA adducts and induction of lymphocyte mutations but that the dose-response curves for DNA binding and mutations are different.
Consultants who misled Shipman inquiry are found guilty of misconduct
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Two consultants who treated one of Harold Shipman's victims after he poisoned her with morphine have been found guilty of serious professional misconduct by the General Medical Council for failing to report their concerns and for giving misleading evidence to the Shipman inquiry.

Geraint Brown, a consultant anaesthesiologist, was suspended from the medical register for 12 months, and Murtaza Husaini, a consultant cardiologist, received a reprimand.

The two were joint directors of Tameside General Hospital's intensive care unit in 1994 when the 47 year old patient, known only as Mrs A, was admitted after a …
Obama praises House of Representatives for passing health reform bill
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The 435 member US House of Representatives passed a health reform bill by a narrow margin of 220 to 215 votes late on Saturday 7 November.

The bill would provide health insurance for about 36 million of the 46 million currently uninsured Americans. It is predicted to cost $1100bn (£655bn; €735bn) over the next decade but also to reduce the national deficit by $104bn over the same period.

The Affordable Health Care for America Act will be funded by a tax surcharge on single US citizens who earn more than $500 000 a year and on families who earn more than $1m; by a penalty on people and companies who do not buy or provide health insurance; and by a reduction in Medicare payments to healthcare providers.

The bill was supported by the American Medical Association and AARP (formerly the American Association of Retired Persons), which represents people aged over 50, and many consumer groups, patients’ groups, and labour unions.

Thirty nine members of President Obama’s …
Dobutamine stress echo may not always accurately predict segment viability in chronic global IV ischemia: an experimental study
Authors: Monika Szilard, Frank Weidemann, Xiaoshun Liu, Yanming Huang, Alex Maes, Jan D'Hooge, Bart Bijnens, Erik Verbeken, Luc Mortelmans, Frans Van De Werf, Ivan De Scheerder, George Sutherland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Angiotensin II Type 2 (AT2) Receptor Promotes Axonal Regeneration in the Optic Nerve of Adult Rats
Authors: Ralph Lucius, Stefan Gallinat, Philip Rosenstiel, Thomas Herdegen, Jobst Sievers, Thomas Unger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been traditionally linked to blood pressure and volume regulation mediated through the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 (AT1) receptor. Here we report that ANG II via its ANG II type 2 (AT2) receptor promotes the axonal elongation of postnatal rat retinal explants (postnatal day 11) and dorsal root ganglia neurons in vitro, and, moreover, axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve crush in vivo. In retinal explants, ANG II (10(-7)-10(-5) M) induced neurite elongation via its AT2 receptor, since the effects were mimicked by the AT2 receptor agonist CGP 42112 (10(-5) M) and were entirely abolished by costimulation with the AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123177 (10(-5) M), but not by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (10(-5) M). To investigate whether ANG II is able to promote axonal regeneration in vivo, we performed optic nerve crush experiments in the adult rats. After ANG II treatment (0.6 nmol), an increased number of growth-associated protein (GAP)-43-positive fibers was detected and the regenerating fibers regularly crossed the lesion site (1.6 mm). Cotreatment with the AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123177 (6 nmol), but not with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (6 nmol), completely abolished the ANG II-induced axonal regeneration, providing for the first time direct evidence for receptor-specific neurotrophic action of ANG II in the central nervous system of adult mammals and revealing a hitherto unknown function of the RAS.
Malignant Lymphoma of the Breast Detected by Gallium-67 Scintigraphy
Authors: HITOYA OHTA, HAJIME KOTOURA, DAISUKE IKEUCHI, TOSHIO KAMATA, KOHZO SHIZUKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case of recurrent malignant lymphoma of the breast is presented. Ga-67 scintigraphy was useful in detecting and diagnosing the disease.
Hypolipidemic Effect of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Man
Authors: SHAFEEK S. SANBAR, GUIDO SMET
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Intravenous infusion of 500 ml of 6% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, average molecular weight 40,000) in isotonic saline solution daily for 2 days induced prompt and significant reductions in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in eight hyperlipidemic patients. Mean maximal decrements in serum cholesterol and triglyceride were 29% and 28% below control values, respectively, occurring 5 days after infusion of PVP. Mean values for hematocrit and total serum protein concentration were slightly decreased following PVP infusion, but there were no changes in percentage composition of serum proteins, blood sugar, serum sodium and potassium, body weight, and blood pressure. The hypolipidemic effect of PVP persisted beyond the period of plasma volume expansion, as demonstrated by measurement of the plasma volume isotopically and by long-term follow-up in five of the patients.
All information processing entails computation, or, If R. A. Fisher had been a cognitive scientist . . .
Authors: Eric Dietrich, Arthur B. Markman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

We argue that the dynamical and computational hypotheses are compatible and in fact need each other: they are about different aspects of cognition. However, only computationalism is about the information-processing aspect. We then argue that any form of information processing relying on matching and comparing, as cognition does, must use discrete representations and computations defined over them.
PVS criteria put under spotlight
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The High Court in London has said that a woman in a persistent vegetative state should be allowed to die, even though she did not fit the clinical criteria drawn up by the Royal College of Physicians to diagnose the condition.

Three expert witnesses in the case all told the court that they believed the woman was in the persistent vegetative state, although all accepted that according to the criteria she was not. Patients at the centre of previous “right to die” cases, …
T cell cytokine responses in persons with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Authors: M Zhang, J Gong, D V Iyer, B E Jones, R L Modlin, P F Barnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Tuberculosis causes more extensive and life-threatening disease in patients with HIV infection than in immunocompetent persons. To investigate the hypothesis that these severe manifestations of tuberculosis may be due to alterations in cytokine production, we evaluated cytokine patterns in HIV-infected tuberculosis patients. Upon stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro, PBMC from HIV-infected tuberculosis patients had reduced proliferative and type 1 responses, compared with HIV-seronegative tuberculosis patients. The reduction in proliferative responses was independent of the CD4 cell count, but the reduced type 1 response was a direct result of CD4 cell depletion. There was no enhancement of type 2 cytokine production in HIV-infected patients, although production of IL-10 was prominent in all tuberculosis patients. In HIV-infected tuberculosis patients, M. tuberculosis-induced proliferative responses were significantly enhanced by neutralizing antibodies to IL-10 but not by antibodies to IL-4 or by recombinant IL-12. The M. tuberculosis-induced type 1 response was augmented both by antibodies to IL-10 and by recombinant IL-12. Tuberculosis in the context of HIV infection is characterized by diminished type 1 responses, probably induced by immunosuppressive cytokines produced by macrophages/monocytes, rather than by type 2 cells.
Re: Edoardo Austoni, Vincenzo Mirone, Fabio Parazzini, Ciro Basile Fasolo, Paolo Turchi, Edoardo S. Pescatori, Elena Ricci and Vincenzo Gentile. Smoking as a Risk Factor for Erectile Dysfunction: Data From the Andrology Prevention Weeks 2001–2002, a Study of the Italian Society of Andrology (S.I.A.). Eur Urol 2005;48:810–8
Authors: Ali Atan, Tuncay Delibasi, Altug Tuncel
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Influence of Ethnicity and Gender on Airway Function in Preterm Infants
Authors: JANET STOCKS, MATTHIAS HENSCHEN, AH-FONG HOO, KATE COSTELOE, CAROL DEZATEUX
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

While maximal expiratory flow at functional residual capacity, calculated from partial expiratory flow volume curves (V ′ maxFRC), is a valuable measure of peripheral airway function in infants, limited data are available in preterm infants despite their high prevalence of respiratory problems. To investigate the influence of gender and ethnic group, V ′ maxFRC and other indices of respiratory function were measured in 28 black and 28 white preterm infants (50% female in each group) at time of discharge from the neonatal unit (mean [SD] weight 2.36 [0.3] kg, postnatal age 19 [9] d). No infant had any history of cardiorespiratory disease and all were born to non-smoking mothers. V ′ maxFRC tended to be higher in girls than boys (115 versus 94 ml · s− 1 [95% CI: − 5; 47]) but there was no significant difference in this parameter between black and white infants (111 versus 98 ml · s− 1 [95% CI of difference: − 12; 40]). Respiratory resistance (Rrs) was significantly lower in black than white infants (95% CI: − 2.9; − 0.4 kPa · L− 1 · s) and tended to be lower in female than male infants (95% CI: − 2.3; 0.2 kPa · L− 1 · s). Similarly, time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of total expiratory time (tPTEF:tE) was significantly longer in black than white (95% CI: 0.06, 0.20) and in female than male (95% CI: 0.02, 0.15) infants. These findings suggest that certain parameters of airway function may be influenced by both ethnic group and gender in preterm infants, both of which should therefore be taken into account when investigating the effects of disease and/or therapeutic interventions in this group.
Adolescent Pregnancy — Another Look
Authors: Robert L. Goldenberg, Lorraine V. Klerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In the mid-1970s, the United States was told that it had an “epidemic” of teenage pregnancy.1 Ever since then, despite a general downward trend in the pregnancy rate among sexually experienced girls and women from 15 to 19 years old,2 too-early childbearing has attracted a great deal of interest, not just from the medical community but from every segment of society.Although facts are often lost in clouds of angry rhetoric, they are essential if we are to understand this puzzling problem, which so far has defied solution. The facts are that in 1992, 12.7 percent of all live births . . .