tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essential thrombocythemia: A clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cell
Authors: Usha Singal, Ananda S. Prasad, David M. Halton, Carter Bishop
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract We studied 5 patients with essential thrombocythemia utilizing glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) enzyme as a cell marker for determining clonality. One of the patients was found to be heterozygous for isoenzymes B and A in the nonhaemopoietic tissues such as fibroblasts, but manifested only isoenzyme type B in the erythrocytes, neutrophils, and platelets. Our studies support the concept that essential thrombocythemia is a clonal disorder arising in a multipotent stem cell.
Influence of lovastatin plus gemfibrozil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Authors: D R Illingworth, S Bacon
Journal: Circulation (1989)

We investigated the hypocholesterolemic effects of lovastatin alone and in combination with gemfibrozil on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 12 adult patients with well-characterized heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased from 321 +/- 14 mg/dl on diet only to 207 +/- 8 mg/dl (-35.5%) on single-drug therapy with lovastatin at a dose of 40 mg twice daily, whereas triglyceride concentrations fell by 27.6% (from 145 +/- 20 to 105 +/- 20 mg/dl). Subsequent addition of gemfibrozil at a dose of 600 mg twice daily resulted in a nonsignificant further reduction in LDL cholesterol to 194 +/- 7 mg/dl (-39.6% change from baseline), whereas triglycerides decreased to 80 mg/dl (-44.8%, p less than 0.05 vs. single-drug therapy with lovastatin). Plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased slightly during lovastatin and combined drug therapy (from 45 +/- 4 mg/dl at baseline to 46 +/- 4 mg/dl on lovastatin to 48 +/- 4 mg/dl on lovastatin plus gemfibrozil). The response to combination drug therapy in individual patients was heterogeneous and clinically significant decreases in LDL cholesterol concentrations were noted in two of the 12 patients, whereas in three patients LDL cholesterol concentrations increased on the combined drug regimen. One patient developed an asymptomatic increase in creatine kinase on monotherapy with lovastatin and a more pronounced and symptomatic increase during combination drug therapy with lovastatin plus gemfibrozil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Increased Expression of Isoform 1 of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Release Channel in Failing Human Heart
Authors: Götz Münch, Birgit Bölck, Alina Sugaru, Klara Brixius, Wilhelm Bloch, Robert H.G. Schwinger
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ -release channel plays a key role in the excitation-contraction coupling of cardiac myocytes. Because respective alterations have been reported in human heart failure, we investigated isoform expression of the SR Ca 2+ -release channel in human hearts from patients with terminal heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy [DCM], n=8) and nonfailing organ donors (NF, n=8). Methods and Results —Expression of mRNA of SR Ca 2+ -release channel isoforms in isolated human cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue was analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was quantified in myocardial tissue with [ 3 H]-ryanodine binding and with Western blots, expressed as densitometric units per microgram of protein (DU), and cellular localization was visualized with immunohistochemistry. We found mRNA expression of isoforms 1, 2, and 3 in cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue both in NF and DCM. Total SR Ca 2+ -release channel protein expression in NF (B max 2.16±0.43 pmol/mg protein) and in DCM (B max 2.33±0.22 pmol/mg protein) myocardium was unchanged. Expression of isoform 1 of the SR Ca 2+ -release channel was significantly ( P =0.0037) increased in DCM myocardium (NF 1.97±0.25 versus DCM 3.37±0.31 DU), whereas protein expression of isoform 2 (NF 14.62±0.87 versus DCM 13.52±0.43 DU) and isoform 3 (NF 1.39±0.13 versus DCM 1.35±0.19 DU) was unchanged. All 3 isoforms of the protein could be localized in human ventricular myocytes with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Conclusions —All 3 isoforms of the SR Ca 2+ -release channel were determined in human ventricular cardiomyocytes. Increased expression of isoform 1 of the SR Ca 2+ -release channel could contribute to impaired excitation-contraction coupling in human heart failure.
Two cases of infantile porphyria cutanea tarda: successful treatment with oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine and low-dose oral chloroquine
Authors: A.M. DEL C. BATLLE, ANA MARIA STELLA, ANA R. DE KAMINSKY, C. KAMINSKY, H.G. MARIANO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

In a 7-year-old girl and a 12-year-old boy, with photosensirivity and hypertrichosis, the diagnosis of familial porphyria cutanea tarda was confirmed by the characteristic pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion, diminished erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and elevated plasma porphyrin index with emision maxima at 617-618 nm. The patients were treated with a combination of low-dose oral chloroquine and oral S-adcnosyl-L-methionine (SAM); in one case alkalinization of urine was also applied. Complete clinical and biochemical recovery was achieved within 3 months. No adverse ophthalmological or other side-effects were observed. We propose that the treatment of choice should be oral SAM (12 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks and oral chloroquine (2 × 100 mg weekly) for about 120–150 days or until improvement of clinical and biochemical abnormalities is attained. So far no relapses have occurred. This combined therapy appears to be safe, simple, effective and very convenient for both patients and physicians.
TOWARD UNIFICATION OF TRAINING IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOANALYSIS
Authors: HOWARD W. POTTER, HENRIETTE R. KLEIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

1. In this study, all residents indicated a need for organized training in psychodynamics throughout their residencies. 2. Because of the many variables, observers could make no valid comparisons between the professional competence of residents who were in training at psychoanalytic institutes and those not being similarly trained. 3. Residents in training at analytic institutes felt that this did not set up restrictions or limitations nor interfere with their clinical work but, rather, operated in a positive way during the residency training. 4. All the teaching psychiatrists and all the teaching psychoanalysts agree that organized instruction in psychodynamics should be given in the residency training center. 5. Opinions about the value of a personal analysis independent of training for the practice of psychoanalysis were found to be based on tradition or personal experience rather than on investigative studies. 6. The general consensus of teaching analysts was that there could be no modification of personal analysis of residents as to depth, breadth, or time. 7. Half of the analysts who recommended that residents undertake a personal analysis stated that it should begin at the start of the psychiatric residency or before. There were only a few who felt personal analysis should not begin until after 2 years of psychiatry. 8. Some teaching analysts stated that psychiatric residents who had had or were having personal analysis on their own still should not have courses in psychodynamics that would be the equivalent of that given in the first year at a psychoanalytic institute, although three-fifths of the teaching analysts felt that they should.
Abstract 3292: Epsin promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis by controlling nf-κb activation
Authors: Xiaofeng Cai, Hong Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epsins are a family of endocytic clathrin adaptors. We have previously reported that epsin deficiency inhibits tumor growth by enhancing VEGF signaling in vascular endothelial cells. However, the pattern of tumor-intrinsic expression of epsin and its influence on cancer growth and metastasis is still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that epsin is upregulated in human cancers, including breast cancer, where its high expression correlates with poor relapse-free survival. Epsin promotes cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and breast tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, epsin interacts with and stabilizes TNFR1 signaling complex in breast cancer cells and enhances NF-κB signaling. Our findings suggest an important role of epsin in contributing to breast cancer progression and metastasis. Citation Format: Xiaofeng Cai, Hong Chen. Epsin promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis by controlling nf-κb activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3292. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3292
Effect of Intracoronary Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Myocardial Perfusion
Authors: Robert C. Hendel, Timothy D. Henry, Krishna Rocha-Singh, Jeffrey M. Isner, Dean J. Kereiakes, Frank J. Giordano, Michael Simons, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Animal models of therapeutic angiogenesis have stimulated development of clinical application in patients with limited options for coronary revascularization. The impact of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) on myocardial perfusion in humans has not been reported. Methods and Results —Fourteen patients underwent exercise (n=11), dobutamine (n=2), or dipyridamole (n=1) myocardial perfusion single photon emission CT (SPECT) before as well as 30 and 60 days after rhVEGF administration. After uniform processing and display, 2 observers blinded to the timing of the study and dose of rhVEGF reviewed the SPECT images. By a visual, semiquantitative 20-segment scoring method, summed stress scores (SSS) and summed rest scores (SRS) were generated. Although the SSS did not change from baseline to 30 days (21.6 versus 21.5; P =NS), the SRS improved after rhVEGF (13.2 versus 10.4; P &lt;0.05). Stress and rest perfusion improved in &gt;2 segments infrequently in patients treated with low-dose rhVEGF. However, 5 of 6 patients had improvement in &gt;2 segments at rest and stress with the higher rhVEGF doses. Furthermore, although neither the SSS nor the SRS changed in patients treated with the low doses, the SRS decreased in the high-dose rhVEGF patients at 60 days (14.7 versus 10.7; P &lt;0.05). Quantitative analysis was consistent with the visual findings but failed to demonstrate statistical significance. Conclusions —Although not designed to demonstrate rhVEGF efficacy, these phase 1 data support the concept that rhVEGF improves myocardial perfusion at rest and provide evidence of a dose-dependent effect.
A–Z of nutritional supplements: dietary supplements, sports nutrition foods and ergogenic aids for health and performance: Part 42
Authors: A B Hodgson, R Baskerville, L M Burke, S J Stear, L M Castell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

An inpatient programme for the treatment of morbidly obese patients is described. The programme targets physical training, nutrition and coping strategies for behaviour change management. The patients spend 14 weeks at the clinic followed by two 1-week visits 16 and 32 weeks postdischarge. Preliminary data from the 166 patients treated during 2006 are given.
Propranolol (Inderal) in Disturbances of Cardiac Rhythm
Authors: D. J. Rowlands, G. Howitt, P. Markman
Journal: BMJ (1965)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the common types of injuries among children (0-14 years) in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive hospital based study. SETTING: Al-Ain Medical District, Al-Ain Teaching Hospital, UAE. SUBJECTS: All patients aged 0-14 years seen at Al-Ain Teaching Hospital for injuries during 1994. RESULTS: The number of children with an injury who attended the emergency room was 16,518 (69.9% boys; 30.1% girls). Injury rates were higher among non-UAE nationals. The most frequent reason for hospital admission was poisoning (41%). In the age group &lt; 5 years, the most common causes were falls, blunt trauma, and burns or scalds, while in the 5-9 year and in 10-14 year groups the most frequent cause was road traffic accidents (RTAs). Fights and sporting injuries were also seen frequently in children aged 10-14 years. CONCLUSION: Injury rates were higher in boys and RTAs mostly occurred in children over 10 years. The majority of cases (56%) occurred among non-UAE nationals, who are usually of lower socio-economic status. RECOMMENDATION: Injuries can be prevented by developing strategies to substantially increase the profile of health education to parents and children, by educating policy makers and health professionals, and by environmental modification, legislation, and enforcement. The UAE government can play an important part by establishing and supporting injury prevention programs with these goals.
Motivation is not enough
Authors: Derek E. Lyons, Webb Phillips, Laurie R. Santos
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Tomasello et al. provide a new account of cultural uniqueness, one that hinges on a uniquely human motivation to share intentionality with others. We favor an alternative to this motivational account – one that relies on a modular explanation of the primate intention-reading system. We discuss this view in light of recent comparative experiments using competitive intention-reading tasks.
Grammar originates in action planning, not in cognitive and sensorimotor visual systems
Authors: Bruce Bridgeman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

While the PREDICATE(x) structure requires close coordination of subject and predicate, both represented in consciousness, the cognitive (ventral), and sensorimotor (dorsal) pathways operate in parallel. Sensorimotor information is unconscious and can contradict cognitive spatial information. A more likely origin of linguistic grammar lies in the mammalian action planning process. Neurological machinery evolved for planning of action sequences becomes applied to planning communicatory sequences.
Observations on left ventricular failure induced by ethanol
Authors: R. D. JONES, J. I. KLEINERMAN, M. H. LURIA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Ethanol, infused either intravenously or directly into the coronary arteries of open-chest dogs, produced progressive alterations in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, enddiastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction. Despite gross visible impairment of left ventricular contractility, there was no change in cardiac output, heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, or left ventricular dp/dt. Gradations of myocardial damage were seen with electron microscopy, which indicate that the mitochondria appear to be the most vulnerable organelle.

In anaesthetized dogs without thoracotomy, rapid intravenous infusions of ethanol produced progressive elevations of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and concomitant decreases in ejection fraction which could be maintained by adjustments of the ethanol infusion rate. The use of ethanol as a chemotoxic agent to produce myocardial failure in the dog obviates the difficulties of unpredictability, a high incidence of ventricular fibrillation, and shock as seen in other models.
Laboratory identification of lupus anticoagulants
Authors: Kristi J. Smock, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Lupus anticoagulants (LA) are acquired autoantibodies that can cause antiphospholipid syndrome. LAs prolong phospholipid-dependent coagulation tests, acting as nonspecific inhibitors that are neutralized in the presence of excess phospholipid. However, there is no gold standard test and the testing is influenced by a number of variables. This article summarizes laboratory testing for LAs, with particular focus on technical issues and limitations of testing. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Smart Lenses: Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 6/2015)
Authors: Nicholas M. Farandos, Ali K. Yetisen, Michael J. Monteiro, Christopher R. Lowe, Seok Hyun Yun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

Minimally invasive ocular diagnostic devices allow the continuous monitoring of biomarkers in tear fluid. On page 792 A. K. Yetisen and team provide a critical Review of contact lens sensors in the diagnosis of diabetes and glaucoma. The article includes sensor designs, micro/nanofabrication, powering, readout devices, and mass manufacturing of contact lenses. The Review also provides an analysis of the market, a case study, and FDA regulatory requirements.
Comparison of Coronary Luminal Quantification Obtained From Intracoronary Ultrasound and Both Geometric and Videodensitometric Quantitative Angiography Before and After Balloon Angioplasty and Directional Atherectomy
Authors: Yukio Ozaki, Andonis G. Violaris, Tadashi Kobayashi, David Keane, Edoardo Camenzind, Carlo Di Mario, Pim de Feyter, Jos R. T. C. Roelandt, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Debate exists regarding the relationship between angiographic and intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) measurements of minimal luminal cross-sectional area after coronary intervention. We investigated this and the factors that may influence it by using ICUS and quantitative angiography. Methods and Results Patients who underwent successful balloon angioplasty (n=100) or directional atherectomy (n=50) were examined by using ICUS and quantitative angiography (edge-detection [ED] and videodensitometry [VID]) before and after intervention. Luminal damage postintervention was qualitatively graded into three categories based on angiographic results (smooth lumen, haziness, or dissection). Correlation of minimal luminal cross-sectional area measurements by ICUS and ED was .59 before and .47 after balloon angioplasty. Correlation between ICUS and VID was .50 before and .63 after balloon angioplasty. Postintervention, the difference between ICUS and VID was less than the difference between ICUS and ED ( P &lt;.01). Additionally, the correlation was .74 between ICUS and ED measurements and .78 between ICUS and VID measurements in the smooth lumen group, .46 and .63, respectively, in the presence of haziness, and .26 and .46, respectively, in lesions with dissection. Similar results were obtained after directional atherectomy: the agreement between ICUS and quantitative angiography deteriorated according to the degree of vessel damage, but less so with VID than ED. Conclusions Complex morphological changes induced by intervention may contribute to discordance between the two quantitative imaging techniques. In the absence of ICUS, VID may be a complementary technique to ED in lesions with complex morphology after balloon angioplasty and directional atherectomy.
Slowing Decline in AIDS Deaths Prompts Concern
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term Follow-Up and Factors Predictive of Recurrence in Barrett's Esophagus Treated by Argon Plasma Coagulation and Acid Suppression
Authors: M. Kahaleh, J.-L. Van Laethem, N. Nagy, M. Cremer, J. Devière
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: In several series, argon plasma coagulation (APC) combined with acid suppression has led to short- or medium-term eradication of Barrett's esophagus. The present study was designed to assess the long-term outcome after this treatment. Patients and Methods: 39 patients with Barrett's esophagus, seven of them with low-grade dysplasia, underwent APC and received 40 mg omeprazole daily for eradication of the metaplastic epithelium. After the treatment period, patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 or 40 mg omeprazole daily for long-term acid suppression. Histological and endoscopic changes were evaluated annually. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test the following 10 variables as predictors of sustained reversal of Barrett's esophagus at the end of follow-up: age, gender, length of diseased segment, presence of hiatal hernia, circumferential nature of lesion, presence of low-grade dysplasia at initial biopsy, number of coagulation sessions, result of pH monitoring under protein pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, omeprazole dosage, and initial response to therapy (after 1 month). Results: The median follow-up period was 36 months (range 12 - 48). The endoscopic and histological relapse rates at 1, 12, and 24 months, and end of follow-up were, respectively, 30 % and 44 % (12/39 and 17/39), 57 % and 54 % (16/28 and 15/28), 60 % and 57 % (17/28 and 16/28), and 62 % for both rates (23/37). According to multivariate analysis, shorter length of diseased segment and normalization of pH with PPI treatment were the only independent predictors of sustained long-term re-epithelialization. Among the seven patients with low-grade dysplasia, four experienced relapse after 1 month, and during the long-term follow-up, one was lost to follow-up and all the others experienced relapse, but only one developed low-grade dysplasia again. Cancer was found in two cases after 12 and 18 months, respectively. Conclusions: Persistence of acid reflux and greater length of diseased segment are the major factors associated with a high relapse rate after successful initial reversal. APC for ablation of Barrett's esophagus cannot be recommended.
NUTRITION AND CANCER PREVENTION: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Human Trials
Authors: M.R. Forman, S.D. Hursting, A. Umar, J.C. Barrett
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2004)

More than one million Americans were expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2003 (7a). Compelling experimental, epidemiological, and clinical evidence indicates that many cancers are preventable, especially because diet and nutrition are key factors in the modulation of cancer risk. The road to nutritional intervention in cancer prevention has led to successful trials as well as trials that did not reach their intended endpoints. This chapter reviews four case studies of trials, with two ending in success and two ending in null findings or adverse effects. The goal is to identify lessons learned from all four case studies and from the investigations of the complexities inherent to nutritional intervention trials. Additional insights are presented by the research addressing potential mechanisms underlying the endpoints of human trials. Future progress in nutrition and cancer prevention will require expertise from multidisciplinary teams to develop new knowledge about specific nutrients and dietary modifications within a framework of interaction between animal and human research.