tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attenuated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice lacking the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter gene
Authors: S. Eddahibi, N. Hanoun, L. Lanfumey, K.P. Lesch, B. Raffestin, M. Hamon, S. Adnot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Hypoxia is a well-recognized stimulus for pulmonary blood vessel remodeling and pulmonary hypertension development. One mechanism that may account for these effects is the direct action of hypoxia on the expression of specific genes involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. Previous studies demonstrated that the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) transporter (5-HTT) mediates the mitogenic activity of 5-HT in pulmonary vascular SMCs and is overexpressed during hypoxia. Thus, 5-HT-related mitogenic activity is increased during hypoxia. Here, we report that mice deficient for 5-HTT (5-HTT–/–) developed less hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling than paired 5-HTT+/+ controls. When maintained under normoxia, 5-HTT–/–-mutant mice had normal hemodynamic parameters, low blood 5-HT levels, deficient platelet 5-HT uptake, and unchanged blood levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, a metabolite of 5-HT. After exposure to 10% O2 for 2 or 5 weeks, the number and medial wall thickness of muscular pulmonary vessels were reduced in hypoxic 5-HTT–/– mice as compared with wild-type paired controls. Concomitantly, right ventricular systolic pressure was lower and right ventricle hypertrophy less marked in the mutant mice. This occurred despite potentiation of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the 5-HTT–/– mice. These data further support a key role of 5-HTT in hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular SMC proliferation and pulmonary hypertension.
Three-Phase Tc-99m Labeled RBC Scintigraphy of a Splenic Hemangioma
Authors: JUSTIN PHILLPOTT, SEHAM A. ALI, ELMA G. BRISCOE, FERNANDO CESANI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 46-year-old man presented with right upper quadrant pain with a clinical suspicion of cholelithiasis and was referred for an abdominal ultrasound (US). On US evaluation, the liver and gallbladder were normal. Incidentally noted a homogeneous, well demarcated, hyperechoic, 5-cm mass in the inferior portion of the spleen. A subsequent Tc-99m labeled RBC scan showed a 5-cm photopenic area in the inferior portion of the spleen on perfusion and early blood pool images. Subsequent filling in on delayed images with slightly increased uptake relative to surrounding splenic tissue was seen on the final images (85 min). Splenic hemangiomas are rare neoplasms, although they still represent the most common primary neoplasm of the spleen. The incidence of splenic hemangiomas ranges from 0.03-14% in autopsy studies.
Novel evidence that crosstalk between the complement, coagulation and fibrinolysis proteolytic cascades is involved in mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs)
Authors: S Borkowska, M Suszynska, K Mierzejewska, A Ismail, M Budkowska, D Salata, B Dolegowska, M Kucia, J Ratajczak, M Z Ratajczak
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

The role of blood proteinases in the mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is still not well understood. As previously reported, activation of the complement cascade (ComC) and cleavage of C5 by C5 convertase are enabling events in the release of C5a that plays a crucial role in the egress of HSPCs from bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) and explains why C5-deficient mice are poor mobilizers. Here we provide evidence that during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor- and AMD3100-induced mobilization, not only the ComC but also two other evolutionarily ancient proteolytic enzyme cascades, the coagulation cascade (CoaC) and the fibrynolytic cascade (FibC), become activated. Activation of all three cascades was measured by generation of C5a, decrease in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time as well as an increase in the concentrations of plasmin/antiplasmin and thrombin/antithrombin. More importantly, the CoaC and FibC, by generating thrombin and plasmin, respectively, provide C5 convertase activity, explaining why mobilization of HSPCs in C3-deficient mice, which do not generate ComC-generated C5a convertase, is not impaired. Our observations shed more light on how the CoaC and FibC modulate stem cell mobilization and may lead to the development of more efficient mobilization strategies in poor mobilizers. Furthermore, as it is known that all these cascades are activated in all the situations in which HSPCs are mobilized from BM into PB (for example, infections, tissue/organ damage or strenuous exercise) and show a circadian rhythm of activation, they must be involved in both stress-induced and circadian changes in HSPC trafficking in PB.
Antihistamine drug withdrawn by manufacturer
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<b>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</b> We evaluated the effects of varying tube voltage, current per rotation, and section thickness on detectability of 2- and 4-Hounsfield unit (HU) differences on brain CT between normal and ischemic gray matter within 6 hours of ischemia onset, by using a low-contrast phantom. <b>METHODS:</b> The phantom with an attenuation of 36 HU corresponding to normal gray matter contained 2 sets of spheres (34 HU and 32 HU) corresponding to the early CT signs of ischemic brain and complete infarction, respectively. The reproducibility of the CT numbers and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), defined as the CT number difference between the background (36 HU) and the spheres (34 HU or 32 HU) divided by the SD of the background CT number were measured. Five radiologists rated the phantom images for detection of the low-contrast spheres by visual inspection. <b>RESULTS:</b> The CT numbers were reproducible within 1 HU with a tube current of ≥150 mAs at 120 kVp. The CNRs for the 34- and 32-HU spheres were positively correlated with the tube voltage, tube current per rotation, and the section thickness. A CNR of 1.0 was obtained for the 34-HU sphere when scanning was conducted with a section thickness of 10 mm at 120 kVp and 700 mAs, or 135kVp and 450 mAs, respectively. A significant improvement of the accuracy of detection was found with increasing tube current, tube voltage per rotation, and section thickness. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Our study indicated that the 2-HU hypoattenuation corresponding to the early CT sign of acute ischemic stroke can be detected by using appropriate parameter settings.
Isolated Congenital Mitral Stenosis
Authors: J. L. BRAUDO, S. N. JAVETT, D. I. ADLER, I. KESSEL
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Of the 8 cases of isolated congenital mitral stenosis reported in the literature the authors add 2 cases personally observed. The postmortem findings in one of these patients is described; in the other, improvement was noted following surgical intervention. The literature is reviewed aind the diagnostic criteria, including angiocardiographic findings, are described.
FDG PET/CT Flip Flop Phenomenon in Treated Lymphoma of Bone
Authors: Eugene C. Lin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 47-year-old man with primary large B-cell lymphoma of bone underwent an F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) scan for staging. The study demonstrated multiple areas of uptake consistent with osseous lymphoma. After multiple cycles of chemotherapy, a follow-up study demonstrated a dramatic flip flop appearance in which the previously noted areas of osseous lymphoma were photopenic and normal marrow appeared to have increased activity. This flip flop appearance could incorrectly suggest lymphomatous infiltration of normal marrow.
Conference seeks to provide basis for prostate cancer guidance message
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

COMING MONTHS should bring publication of a prostate cancer conference summary that, federal health officials hope, may be used as a foundation for developing rational health messages for men at risk and for primary care practitioners who manage their initial care.  The summary will be from the International Conference on Prostate Cancer Screening, Early Detection, and Control, convened in Atlanta, Ga, September 6 and 7 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).  The key questions before the 260 international and national experts gathered at the conference, and in a sense before the entire medical community, are: What should be the health message(s) in connection with prostate cancer? What do men and their loved ones need to know?  Division of Cancer Prevention and Control officials at the CDC note that the conference has highlighted that disagreement still exists on many issues related to the methods and results of studies
The neutrophil-activating peptide NAF/NAP-1 induces histamine and leukotriene release by interleukin 3-primed basophils.
Authors: C A Dahinden, Y Kurimoto, A L De Weck, I Lindley, B Dewald, M Baggiolini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

IgE-independent mediator release from basophils is considered an important event in inflammation, particularly in nonallergic immediate hypersensitivity and in allergic late-phase reactions. This study demonstrates that after exposure to IL-3, basophils release histamine and leukotrienes in response to the neutrophil-activating peptide NAF/NAP-1. Thus, the sequential action of two pure cytokines can promote basophils mediator release. In the presence of IL-3, NAF/NAP-1 functions like a "histamine-releasing factor" and may therefore not only induce cellular infiltration but also provoke symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions.
Matthew Robert Wakelin Utting
Authors: R. F Spencer, J. S Heal
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Matthew Robert Wakelin Utting (“Matt”) qualified BSc (first class honours, anatomy, 1994) and MBChB (honours, 1997) from Manchester University, and underwent basic training in Lancashire, Norfolk, and the south west, before joining the Bristol Orthopaedic Registrar Training Programme. He obtained the FRCS Orth diploma in 2007. He began a one year fellowship in complex joint replacement surgery in Perth, …
Reply to S. Heiland et al
Authors: Christina Tsien, Thomas Chenevert, Craig Galban, Theodore Lawrence, Brian Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We thank Heiland et al 1 for their interest in our study.We would like to begin by stating that nowhere in our article 2 does it say that the analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging is "easy!"Notwithstanding, Heiland et al have raised two important issues regarding our statistics and methods that warrant clarification.Heiland et al discuss the possibility for underestimation of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) using dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging methods because of contrast agent leakage. 3,4ndeed, we thank Heiland et al for the opportunity to clarify that our methods as employed in the study did include the use of the "rather simple technique" that Heiland et al suggest of "employing a preinjection of contrast agent before a second bolus given during dynamic T2 * imaging to mitigate this leakage bias."In fact, we also employed a relatively long TR of 1.5 to 2 seconds to further reduce T1-weighting.Our methods thus include some of the very "correction techniques" that the authors address.We thus believe that we carefully mitigated the effects of underestimated rCBV values, and we do not believe this affected our study conclusions.More troubling is Heiland's misstatement of our study conclusions.We did not state that "a reduction in CBV at 3 weeks after therapy was found to be an early predictor for true tumor progression."In fact, we found that traditional methods (ie, mean or percentage changes of whole tumor CBV statistics) were not predictive for discriminating pseudoprogression from true progression.What we did conclude was that the application of a voxel-based difference method, referred to as parametric response map analysis, revealed the only predictive metric of early tumor progression: the fractional tumor volume that exhibited a significant decrease in rCBV at week 3 compared with baseline. 2These intriguing results were obtained in a small, single-institution study and require validation in a larger prospective multi-institutional study.In summary, we believe that our work continues to support the original conclusion that parametric response map analysis of perfusion MR images may provide important information regarding the assessment of response and discrimination between true progression and pseudoprogression in high-grade glioma patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation.
Are Emergency Departments Appropriately Treating Adolescent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
Authors: Monika Goyal, Adam Hersh, Xianqun Luan, Russell Localio, Maria Trent, Theoklis Zaoutis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Of the almost 1 million annually diagnosed cases of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 20% occur among adolescents.1 Because reproductive health complaints are the most common reasons for emergency department (ED) visits among adolescent females, it is critical that ED providers are knowledgeable about the diagnosis and treatment of PID. The objective of this study was to evaluate adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) PID treatment guidelines among a nationally representative sample of adolescent ED PID visits.
A DILUTING FLUID FOR PLATELET COUNTING
Authors: Chauncey D. Leake
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The great number of methods proposed for platelet counting indicates no universal satisfaction with any one. As a result of careful studies on the various technics suggested, we were led to adopt that introduced by Kemp, Calhoun and Harris,<sup>1</sup>with the exception that we found another diluting fluid much more satisfactory than the one used by them. Indeed, no other diluting fluid has given us as consistently good service as the one we were led to formulate. The anticoagulant used in most diluting fluids for platelet counting is sodium citrate. In order to obtain an isotonic solution with this salt, such quantities must be used that the specific gravity of the fluid becomes relatively high, with the result that the platelets take a long time to settle on the counting chamber. In addition, sodium citrate does not satisfactorily prevent the platelets from clumping. It was observed long ago that
Altered representation of naive and memory CD8 T cell subsets in HIV-infected children.
Authors: R L Rabin, M Roederer, Y Maldonado, A Petru, L A Herzenberg, L A Herzenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

CD8 T cells are divided into naive and memory subsets according to both function and phenotype. In HIV-negative children, the naive subset is present at high frequencies, whereas memory cells are virtually absent. Previous studies have shown that the overall number of CD8 T cells does not decrease in HIV-infected children. In studies here, we use multiparameter flow cytometry to distinguish naive from memory CD8 T cells based on expression of CD11a, CD45RA, and CD62L. With this methodology, we show that within the CD8 T cell population, the naive subset decreases markedly (HIV+ vs. HIV-, 190 vs. 370 cells/microliter; P < or = 0.003), and that there is a reciprocal increase in memory cells, such that the total CD8 T cell counts remained unchanged (800 vs. 860 cells/microliter; P < or = 0.76). In addition, we show that for HIV-infected children, the naive CD8 T cell and total CD4 T cell counts correlate (chi 2 P < or = 0.001). This correlated loss suggests that the loss of naive CD8 T cells in HIV infection may contribute to the defects in cell-mediated immunity which become progressively worse as the HIV disease progresses and CD4 counts decrease.
False-negative results in immunoblot assay of serum IgA antibodies reactive with the 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen: the importance of primary incubation temperature.
Authors: H.H. Pas, G.J. Kloosterhuis, M.C.J.M. De Jong, M.F. Jonkman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Different subepidermal autoimmune blistering skin disorders are characterized by linear deposition of IgA, sometimes accompanied by linear IgG, along the epidermal basement membrane zone. Identification of the targeted autoantigen is usually attempted by immunoblotting. Although immunoblotting works well for human IgG, the method is less successful for IgA and often no or only faint signals are obtained. Objectives To improve the method of immunoblotting for diagnosis of IgA-mediated bullous dermatoses. Methods Eleven sera, selected from patients with linear deposition of IgA along the epidermal basement membrane zone in vivo, were tested by immunoblotting for antigen specificity using different primary incubation temperatures. Results No reliable information regarding IgA antigen specificity was obtained when the primary incubation was undertaken at room temperature. In 10 of 11 sera, IgA bound to the 180-kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP180) when the primary incubation temperature was increased to 37 °C. Conclusions Primary incubation at room temperature may result in false-negative results in the IgA–BP180 immunoblot assay.
Effects of Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in a Patient with Idiopathic Neutropenia
Authors: Ann A. Jakubowski, Lawrence Souza, Felecia Kelly, Katherine Fain, Daniel Budman, Bayard Clarkson, Mary Ann Bonilla, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Janice Gabrilove
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

CHRONIC idiopathic neutropenia is characterized by maturational arrest of neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow and a circulating neutrophil count of less than 1500 cells per microliter. Other hematopoietic cell counts are usually normal, and antineutrophil antibodies are absent. Clinically, patients have mucosal ulcerations, periodontal disease, and intermittent infections. Symptomatic or prophylactic treatment with antibiotics has been the mainstay of therapy.The cause of this neutropenia is unknown. Although early studies suggested that colony-stimulating activity in the urine and serum of patients was similar to that found in normal persons,1 the production of specific colony-stimulating factors has not been evaluated. . . .
ELECTROCUTION BY HOME TREATMENT DEVICE
Authors: Richard Kovacs
Journal: JAMA (1942)

"Electric Shock Kills Pastor" was the caption of a story in the New York<i>Times</i>of Feb. 20, 1942. The Rev. L. G. W. of a Long Island Universalist Church was found dead in his room the night before. According to information obtained from the office of the chief medical examiner of Nassau County he was found lying on the floor of his bedroom, fully clothed except for his coat. A metal electrode was on the back of his neck, slipped under the collar and held in place with a scarf. A wire led from the electrode to the radiator and was wired to the radiator. A rheostat was plugged in a wall socket, the handle of a "violet ray" machine was on the deceased's chest and a circular hollow piece of metal was in his left hand, as illustrated in the accompanying sketch. The pastor had complained of pain
Time to consign cromoglycate to history?
Authors: G LASZLO
Journal: Thorax (2001)

Methods by which patients can artificially produce raised peak flow measurements have been described.We recently observed a patient manipulating the peak flow meter in a way that had not been described before.A study was therefore undertaken to determine if this technique could repeatedly produce clinically significant changes in peak flow readings.Fifteen adults, using a mini-Wright peak flow meter, made five measurements using the correct technique followed by five manipulated measurements under observation.Significant increases in peak flow measurements were observed in 14 of the 15 subjects.The mean increase in peak flow rate using the incorrect technique was 56% (range -4% to 86%).Clinicians should be aware that patients might employ this technique to manipulate measurements which could have consequences for management.
Brefeldin A defines distinct pathways for atrial natriuretic factor secretion in neonatal rat atrial and ventricular myocytes.
Authors: M B De Young, J C Keller, R M Graham, G M Wildey
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

The intracellular pathways for basal atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion from the heart and their correlation with ANF processing to the active form were characterized in cultured neonatal rat atrial and ventricular myocytes. Brefeldin A, a fungal antimetabolite that blocks transport of newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, was used to inhibit nascent protein trafficking. Thus, release of newly synthesized hormone was blocked, but release of stored hormone was unaffected. Whereas brefeldin A inhibited basal ventricular ANF release to 10% of the control value, basal ANF release from atrial cells was enhanced. Furthermore, basal atrial ANF secretion was inhibited by agents preventing myocyte depolarization, Ca2+ influx, release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, or activation of protein kinase C, whereas ventricular ANF secretion was unaffected by these agents. Brefeldin A did not alter maturational processing of pro-ANF to ANF-(99-126) in either atrial or ventricular cultures. These findings indicate that (1) basal secretion of ANF from ventricular cells relies largely on newly synthesized hormone and is probably constitutive, (2) basal secretion of ANF from atrial cells is independent of transport of newly synthesized protein and occurs via a regulated pathway controlled at least in part by signaling changes associated with myocyte beating, and (3) processing of pro-ANF occurs either with constitutive or regulated secretion of hormone, which may indicate multiple cellular locations for the processing enzyme.
TCT-452 A retrospective analysis of the incidence and predictors of new generation drug-eluting stent fracture following percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Dong-Kie Kim, Guang-Won Seo, Pil Sang Song, Ki-Hun Kim, Sang-Hoon Seol, Yeo-Jeong Song, Han-Young Jin, Jeong-Sook Seo, Jae-Sik Jang, Tae-Hyun Yang, Dae-Kyeong Kim, Dong-Soo Kim, Ung Kim, Hyuk-Jun Yoon, Doo-Il Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Acid-Base Balance — A Pattern-Analysis Diagram
Authors: Bobby J. Stinebaugh, William H. Austin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE evaluation of any acid–base disturbance requires a knowledge of the expected degree of compensation for a primary disorder of any specified magnitude. The most logical approach to this problem is to establish the usual degree of compensation for disturbances of various magnitudes and present this information in the form of a diagram that can be easily interpreted.Poppell et al.1 , 2 developed the method of presentation described below and used it to evaluate respiratory compensation during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Their observations have been extended in our laboratory3 and the diagram revised. These data are presented in a linear plot . . .