tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controversy in Anesthesiology
Authors: Eugene L. Nagel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The present era might well be called the "book age." The plethora of redundant writing is staggering. It is all the more gratifying to pick up this volume and after reading it to say, "Why didn't I think of that?" Eckenhoff's book returns to us the nearly forgotten art of learned debate. The topics are well chosen, and the authors present their views clearly and in almost classical scientific debate format. The editor offers his own summary and comes off the fence more than a few times. The book is a "must" for every practicing anesthesiologist who seeks to remain current. There is a broader audience to whom I would also direct this book. I believe that surgeons, internists, cardiologists, hospital administrators, and all physicians who have interface with the specialty of anesthesiology can turn to this book with benefit. It is better than so-called "reviews" in that it presents
A CASE OF RAT-BITE FEVER
Authors: P. W. Monroe
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Human infection with<i>Spirochaeta morsus-muris</i>, an infection endemic in rats in many parts of the world, is uncommon, and the opportunity to recognize it and to administer specific therapy early in its course occurs rarely. A brief summary of the literature concerning the disease in the United States and the report of a case in Boston were recently published.<sup>1</sup> During the last two years, experimental studies with guinea-pigs and rabbits infected with<i>Spirochaeta morsus-muris</i>obtained from a wild rat have been carried on in the laboratory of the American Hospital in Mexico City. A partial report on the work has been published.<sup>2</sup>It was an interesting coincidence that a case of human infection should have presented itself while these studies were still in progress. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —G. H., a boy, aged 11 years, of English parents, was admitted to the American Hospital, November 3, for the
Charity backtracks on cuts to Planned Parenthood funding
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In the face of a public outcry, one of the largest cancer charities in the US, Susan G Komen for the Cure, has reversed its decision to stop giving grants for cancer screening of low income women through Planned Parenthood. The person at the centre of the controversy, vice president for policy Karen Handel, resigned on 7 February.

The issue exploded in the media and online in late January when it became known that Komen would be ending grants totalling about $700 000 (£440 000; €530 000), to 19 Planned Parenthood affiliates ( BMJ …
Reply to Chen Cai, Huamao Ye, and Bing Liu's Letter to the Editor re: Francesco Greco, Riccardo Autorino, Koon H. Rha, et al. Laparoendoscopic Single-site Partial Nephrectomy: A Multi-institutional Outcome Analysis. Eur Urol 2013;64:314–22
Authors: Francesco Greco, Riccardo Autorino
Journal: European Urology (2013)
Reporting of the estimated glomerular filtration rate was associated with increased use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor blockers in CKD
Authors: Arsh K. Jain, Meaghan S. Cuerden, Ian McLeod, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Ayub Akbari, Marcello Tonelli, Rob R. Quinn, Matt J. Oliver, Amit X. Garg
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Building-Associated Risk of Febrile Acute Respiratory Disease
Authors: B. Lipinski
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article entitled "Building-Associated Risk of Febrile Acute Respiratory Diseases in Army Trainees,"<sup>1</sup>the authors suggest that the risk of building-associated respiratory tract infection is caused by recirculation and concentration of airborne-transmitted pathogens, while in "leaky" buildings these pathogens are diluted by fresh outdoor air. While this is a plausible notion, there is another, generally ignored factor that might contribute to the explanation of this important health problem. Fresh, outdoor air contains a certain amount of electrically charged species. A negative charge is usually attached to oxygen and positive to carbon dioxide molecules. In modern buildings, particularly in those equipped with energy-efficient ventilation systems, concentrations of negatively charged oxygen molecules are much lower compared with outside air and sometimes reach zero. I have measured air ion concentrations in various buildings using an air ion counter and mobility discriminator coupled to an electrometer and have
Edward Charles Arden Bott
Authors: James Bevan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Former private general practitioner London and chief medical officer Metropolitan Police (b London 1924; q Cambridge/London 1949; CBE, FRCP), d 1 April 2005.​2005.




Figure 1




Ted was house physician to Dr John Richardson (later Lord Richardson) at St Thomas's Hospital, London, and, on his return from national service in Cyprus, he returned to St Thomas's. At that time advancement in the NHS was extremely slow and so he entered private general practice. His friendship with John Richardson led him into close contact with politicians and the security services. It was then that he was appointed chief medical officer to the Metropolitan Police in 1980. Ted was an excellent bridge player and also a good Cresta rider in St Moritz. He died after a fall when he dislocated both hips and developed hepatic encephalopathy, pneumonia, and bleeding from a prepyloric ulcer. He leaves a wife, Veronica; two sons; and six grandchildren.
The generalized expectancy bias: An explanatory enigma
Authors: Joseph J. Plaud
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract According to Davey, generalized expectancy biases cause fearrelevant behavior and may complement Seligman's biological preparedness model. Expectancy biases do not explain the preparedness phenomenon, because such cognitive (or covert behavioral) processes are themselves controlled by social and other environmentally based contingencies. Davey's own examination of the importance of cross-cultural factors can show the relationship between FR stimuli and behavior without needing cognitive agency to explain the behavioral phenomenon.
An Unusual Diphtheria Infection
Authors: J. B. Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1943)

6JORNA77prominent and large lower jaw.His test swallowing of air involved a big movement, but he performed it without difficulty.He pointed out, quite truthfully, that his palate was anaesthetic to a normally adequate stimulus.When he was given a glass of water he held it to his mouth, tilted it a lot, made much play with lip movements, got red in the face, and swallowed small quantities with much apparent effort.rrue to type, there were other symptoms behind the presenting one.The patient readily volunteered that he " wanted to confess to fear"; he had struggled against it since the age of I1.Before that time he had been fearless, especially in fighting, which he used to enjoy.From kindergarten days he had always fought.upon the assumption that he would win.But at 1 I he was involved in two fierce fights in the school wash-house.In the first the other boy did not wish to fight but A. B. did.The enemy fought very pluckily, but A. B. worked himself into a " tremendous fury " and at the end the other boy was " a nasty sight."In the second itght A. B. early received a glancing blow on the face near the jaw.Suddenly he felt he must run away or he would be " knocked to pulp."He acted on the impulse, and since then had never been able to hurt anyone or to stand anything approaching a row.Later on, as an adult, unreasonable fear had become attached to car- driving, cliff-climbing, and other adventures in which he forced himself to accompany an " utterly fearless " fiancee Above all, he feared the occurrence of a situation where honour demanded that he should fight-e.g., an insult offered to his yqung lady.A. B.'s interests were connected with refined city life.He was sociable, friendly, and humorous, and a Sunday-school superintendent.He described himself as likely to be a " perfect curate," and this occupation he has since adopted.But into his developing ideas about people there had crept an obserVant but peculiar interest in physiognomy.In his own mind he classified people into two types according to the shape of their jaws.Men or women of one, which he called the " aggressive " (meaning successfully aggressive) or " leader " type, had vertical ascending rami to their mandibles and receding lower jaws with the upper front teeth more prominent than the lower.He held that, in contrast, a backward-sloping vertical ramus, promirnnt lower jaw, and protruding lower teeth, together with a small mouth, " caused " a recessive weakness of character.This " non-leader " type, into which the patient him- self exactly fitted, also had thin lips and a small and quiet swallow, as opposed to the large mouth, full lips, large and noisy swallow of " leaders, children, and natural people."t-is fiancde was in this favoured category.
Abstract 4808: Aflibercept is highly active in clinically relevant, patient derived xenografts of colorectal cancer
Authors: Rebecca G. Bagley, Zakia Amalou, Marielle Chiron, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Anne Caron, Nina Baltes, Heinz H. Fiebig
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Aflibercept (ziv-aflibercept in USA), a new fusion protein, targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF). Aflibercept + FOLFIRI is approved for treating metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) that is resistant to or has progressed following an oxaliplatin containing regimen. We investigated the pharmacological activity of aflibercept in CRC patient derived xenografts (PDX), most metastases-derived, and characterized PDX molecular and phenotypic properties. In 48 CRC PDX, Whole Exome Sequencing revealed: 85% APC, 79% TP53, 51% KRAS, 3% NRAS, 25% PIK3CA, 11% PTEN and 8% BRAF mutants. There was no significant association between angiogenic factors, tumor mutation profiles, and response to aflibercept. In tumors, protein levels of human (h) VEGF-A were significantly higher than mouse (m) VEGF-A, hPlGF, and mPlGF (Chiron et al, ESMO, 2013). Affymetrix probes detected VEGF-A and PIGF but not VEGF-B mRNA in most PDX. There was no significant association between expression of angiogenic factors and response to aflibercept. Histological sections of CRC tumors from PDX, xenografts created from cell lines, and patients’ tumor specimens indicated that stromal involvement in human tumors was recapitulated in PDX but not in tumors from cell lines. PlGF expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on colon cancer tissue arrays. A significant number of colon cancer specimens were positive for PlGF, expressed in tumor cells and stroma. Aflibercept resulted in anti-tumor activity in 47/48 CRC PDX models and complete tumor stasis in 31/48 models. Efficacy data from 5 PDX models responsive to aflibercept and CRC standard of care (SOC) drugs, all administered as monotherapies, are below. The robust activity of aflibercept in CRC PDX models that are sensitive to SOC drugs suggest that CRC patients would benefit from aflibercept treatment, independently of mutational status or expression of angiogenic factors. In Vivo Sensitivity Profile (optimal Tumor/Control (%))CRC PDX ModelPrior TreatmentsAflibercept 25 mg/kg, SC, 2x/wk5-FU100 mg/kg, IP, 1x/wkIrinotecan 50 mg/kg, IV, 1x/wkOxaliplatin 10 mg/kg, IP, Q2WCetuximab30 mg/kg, IV,1x/wkKRAS StatusCFX 1991Not available-2.531.51.856.342.1MutantCFX 2032Not available3.147.76.760.535.7MutantCFX 2048Not available-10.326.221.350.12.6Wild-typeCFX 20655-FU, leucovorin-11.920.614.471.82.2Wild-typeCFX 2067None6.253.045.158.914.2Wild-type Citation Format: Rebecca G. Bagley, Zakia Amalou, Marielle Chiron, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Anne Caron, Nina Baltes, Heinz H. Fiebig. Aflibercept is highly active in clinically relevant, patient derived xenografts of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4808. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4808
Physiological and immunopathological consequences of active immunization of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats against murine renin.
Authors: J B Michel, S Sayah, C Guettier, J Nussberger, M Philippe, M F Gonzalez, C Carelli, F X Galen, J Menard, P Corvol
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Spontaneously hypertensive Okamoto-strain rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were actively immunized with mouse renin to investigate the effect on blood pressure of blocking the renin-angiotensinogen reaction. Ten male SHR and 10 male WKY rats were immunized with purified mouse submandibular gland renin. Control rats were immunized with bovine serum albumin. Antirenin antibodies were produced by both SHR and WKY rats, but renin-immunized SHR had higher titers of circulating renin antibodies after three injections. The increase in renin antibody in renin-immunized SHR was associated with a significant drop in blood pressure (tail-cuff method) that became similar to that of the WKY control rats after four injections. The blockade by antirenin immunoglobulins of the renin-angiotensinogen reaction also decreased the blood pressure of normotensive rats. Perfusion of renin-immunized rats with mouse submandibular renin (10 micrograms) in vivo caused no increase in blood pressure. Perfusion of renin-immunized, salt-depleted SHR with converting enzyme inhibitor caused no further decrease in blood pressure but significantly decreased blood pressure in salt-depleted control rats. The presence of circulating renin antibodies was associated with low plasma renin activity (0.31 +/- 0.23 ng angiotensin I [Ang I]/ml/hr). Plasma renin activity was unchanged in control animals (13.1 +/- 3.9 ng Ang I/ml/hr in control SHR, 13.9 +/- 3.2 ng Ang I/ml/hr in control WKY rats). Renin antibody-rich serum produced a dose-dependent inhibition of rat renin enzymatic activity in vitro. The chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensinogen reaction in renin-immunized SHR produced an almost-complete disappearance of Ang II (0.8 %/- 7 fmol/ml; control SHR, 30.6 +/- 15.7 fmol/ml) and a 50% reduction in urinary aldosterone. Renin immunization was never associated with a detectable loss of sodium after either 10 or 24 weeks. The glomerular filtration rate was not decreased 10 weeks after renin immunization, whereas blood pressure was significantly decreased, plasma renin activity was blocked, and renal plasma flow was increased. The ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight after 24 weeks was significantly below control levels in renin-immunized WKY rats and SHR. Histological examination of the kidney of renin-immunized SHR showed a chronic autoimmune interstitial nephritis characterized by the presence of immunoglobulins, mononuclear cell infiltration, and fibrosis around the juxtaglomerular apparatus. These experiments demonstrate that chronic specific blockade of renin decreases blood pressure in a genetic model of hypertension in which the renin-angiotensin system is not directly involved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Vitronectin binds to activated human platelets and plays a role in platelet aggregation.
Authors: E Asch, E Podack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Vitronectin (Vn) is a multifunctional 75-kD glycoprotein that is present in plasma and the extracellular matrix. Vn functions as a complement regulatory protein in plasma, and promotes the growth and attachment of cells in tissue culture. Recent cDNA cloning reveals that like other adhesive proteins, Vn contains the sequence Arg-Gly-Asp and binds to some members of the integrin class of adhesive membrane receptors. In liposomes, the platelet membrane glycoprotein complex IIb/IIIa binds Vn, as well as fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and fibronectin. We examined the binding of purified Vn to resting and stimulated human platelets. Vn bound to thrombin-stimulated platelets in a calcium-dependent, specific, and saturable manner with a Kd of 320 nM and 8,000 sites per platelet. Epinephrine or ADP stimulation led to specific binding with KdS of 93 and 116 nM, respectively. Binding was inhibited by the tetrapeptide Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to GPIIb/IIIa. Endogenous platelet Vn stores were identified in immunoblots of gel-filtered platelets and the surface expression of endogenous platelet Vn was thrombin inducible. Monoclonal as well as polyclonal antibodies to Vn inhibited platelet aggregation, suggesting that Vn plays a role in the formation of stable platelet aggregates.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) Delta F508 mutation and 5T allele in patients with chronic pancreatitis and exocrine pancreatic cancer
Authors: N Malats, T Casals, M Porta, L Guarner, X Estivill, F X Real
Journal: Gut (2001)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> An increased risk of chronic pancreatitis has been described among carriers of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator<i> (</i><i>CFTR</i><i>)</i> mutation. In addition, patients with cystic fibrosis may have a higher risk of exocrine pancreatic cancer. <h3>AIMS</h3> To determine the prevalence of the ΔF508 mutation and 5T allele, the most common CFTR disease related variants, and to assess their association with lifestyle factors in an unselected series of patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. <h3>SUBJECTS</h3> Patients recruited to the multicentre PANKRAS II study with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer from whom normal DNA was available. <h3>METHODS</h3> The ΔF508 mutation and 5T allele were analysed using polymerase chain reaction amplified normal DNA. Information on clinical and lifestyle factors was obtained through personal interviews. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Among patients with pancreatitis, no ΔF508 alleles were found and the prevalence of the 5T allele was 10.5%, similar to that described in the general population. Among patients with pancreatic cancer, the prevalence of the ΔF508 mutation and the 5T allele was 2.4% and 5.5%, respectively. 5T allele carriers with cancer consumed significantly less alcohol than non-carriers (p=0.038). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Our findings do not support the view that the ΔF508 mutation and 5T allele confer a higher risk of chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, our data suggest that interactions between<i>CFTR</i> polymorphism and environmental factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Our study emphasises the need for a multinational study to conclusively establish the role of CFTR variants as genetic susceptibility factors for chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
Report Cards for Cardiac Care
Authors: Harriette Van Spall
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How to identify and quantify an underperfused zone
Authors: M. P Maxwell
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article How to identify and quantify an underperfused zone Get access Miles P Maxwell Miles P Maxwell Department of Pharmacology, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, Kent BR3 3BS, United Kingdom: M P Maxwell. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 4, April 1994, Pages 570–573, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.4.570 Published: 01 April 1994 Article history Received: 15 September 1993 Accepted: 03 December 1993 Published: 01 April 1994
IL28B alleles associated with poor hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance protect against inflammation and fibrosis in patients infected with non-1 HCV genotypes
Authors: Pierre-Yves Bochud, Stéphanie Bibert, Zoltán Kutalik, Etienne Patin, Julien Guergnon, Bertrand Nalpas, Nicolas Goossens, Lorenz Kuske, Beat Müllhaupt, Tillman Gerlach, Markus H. Heim, Darius Moradpour, Andreas Cerny, Raffaele Malinverni, Stephan Regenass, Guenter Dollenmaier, Hans Hirsch, Gladys Martinetti, Meri Gorgiewski, Marc Bourlière, Thierry Poynard, Ioannis Theodorou, Laurent Abel, Stanislas Pol, Jean-François Dufour, Francesco Negro
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Genetic polymorphisms near IL28B are associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), two processes that require the appropriate activation of the host immune responses. Intrahepatic inflammation is believed to mirror such activation, but its relationship with IL28B polymorphisms has yet to be fully appreciated. We analyzed the association of IL28B polymorphisms with histological and follow-up features in 2335 chronically HCV-infected Caucasian patients. Assessable phenotypes before any antiviral treatment included necroinflammatory activity (n = 1,098), fibrosis (n = 1,527), fibrosis progression rate (n = 1,312), and hepatocellular carcinoma development (n = 1,915). Associations of alleles with the phenotypes were evaluated by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression, accounting for all relevant covariates. The rare G allele at IL28B marker rs8099917 —previously shown to be at risk of treatment failure—was associated with lower activity ( P = 0.04), lower fibrosis ( P = 0.02) with a trend toward lower fibrosis progression rate ( P = 0.06). When stratified according to HCV genotype, most significant associations were observed in patients infected with non-1 genotypes ( P = 0.003 for activity, P = 0.001 for fibrosis, and P = 0.02 for fibrosis progression rate), where the odds ratio of having necroinflammation or rapid fibrosis progression for patients with IL28B genotypes TG or GG versus TT were 0.48 (95% confidence intervals 0.30-0.78) and 0.56 (0.35-0.92), respectively. IL28B polymorphisms were not predictive of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion : In chronic hepatitis C, IL28B variants associated with poor response to interferon therapy may predict slower fibrosis progression, especially in patients infected with non-1 HCV genotypes. (Hepatology 2012)
The real reasons for measuring patient reported outcomes
Authors: A. J. Vallance-Owen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Having been involved in early work on the routine measurement of patient reported outcomes, I was worried by the comment in Hawkes’s article about the idea that led to the introduction of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs).1

The routine collection of PROMs in this country was indeed stimulated by a “bad apple” whose incompetence …