tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-168: A hexane fraction of American ginseng suppresses colon cancer associated with colitis
Authors: Deepak Poudyal, Xiangli Cui, Anne B. Hofseth, Alena Chumanevich, Alexander A. Chumanevich, Michael J. Wargovich, Anthony Windust, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Lorne J. Hofseth
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have a high risk of colon cancer. We have recently shown American Ginseng (AG) suppresses colitis, and prevents colon cancer in mice. In the present study we isolated a Hexane Fraction of AG and found this to have particularly potent anti-oxidant and pro-apoptotic properties. The Hexane Fraction of AG was effective in inducing apoptosis of human epithelial colon cancer cell, HCT-116 and inflammatory cells. As well, this fraction was shown to suppress azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced colon cancer. We performed two studies with mice: a short term (Day 35) and long term (Day 50) cancer prevention study. Mice fed the Hexane fraction of AG had significantly less inflammatory and ulcerative lesions, as well as cancerous lesions compared with the vehicle-treated group in both the short and long-term cancer prevention studies. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Hexane fraction of AG has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and prevents the progression of colon cancer in AOM/DSS mouse model. Interestingly, at Day 35, following isolation of CD45- epithelial cells from colons of mice treated with either AOM+DSS+Vehicle or AOM+DSS+Hexane fraction of AG, there was a 24% increase in the putatative tumor suppressor miRNA-16 with treatment with the Hexane fraction of AG. When looking at putative miRNAs with oncogenic properties (miRNA-21 and -155), levels were decreased in epithelial cells by 25% and 12% respectively in the Hexane fraction of AG-treated mice. This study provides additional pre-clincal data, and mechanistic studies that support the possible use of this complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of colitis, and the prevention of colon cancer associated with colitis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-168. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-168
Carter report says pathology services should be delivered by larger, networked structures
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Plans for an overhaul of England’s pathology services have been welcomed, but there is concern that the move towards larger pathology networks is at odds with the competitive ethos that now exists between NHS foundation trusts.

The Royal College of Pathologists’ president, Peter Furness, said that the college was none the less “committed to assist” with the reforms but added that implementing them will not be easy.

“The independence now given to local NHS organisations, especially foundation trusts, has well publicised benefits,” he said. “But their competitive ethos makes it difficult to …
THE TREATMENT OF ROENTGEN-RAY NAILS
Authors: Curran Pope
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Many roentgen-ray operators suffer from roentgenographers' nails. These usually present a trophic appearance; they are rough, ridged and dirty. The literature to which I have access does not consider their treatment. The method here described has given me excellent results. It requires patience and perseverance. The hands and nails are cleansed with a soft brush and good soap. The hands are bathed in very hot water, then immersed for a few seconds in very cold water, and rubbed dry with a crash towel. The entire hand is anointed with olive oil and the oil is worked into the nails, especially their corners and edges, by means of an orange-wood stick. This had best be done in the evening, the surplus oil left on the fingers, and a pair of gloves worn during the night. In the morning the hands should be again cleansed, rubbed with olive oil, and
The Development of the Atrioventricular Junction in the Human Heart
Authors: A. Wessels, M.W.M. Markman, J.L.M. Vermeulen, R.H. Anderson, A.F.M. Moorman, W.H. Lamers
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Abstract The histogenesis of the separation between atrial and ventricular myocardium at the atrioventricular junction in the developing human heart has been investigated immunohistochemically by using monoclonal antibodies specific for atrioventricular cushion tissue, mesenchymal cells, atrial and ventricular myocardium, and myocardium of the primary ring. It was found that the insulation between the muscle masses of atrium and ventricle is established by the fusion of the tissues of the atrioventricular sulcus (located at the epicardial side of the junctional myocardium) with those of the atrioventricular cushions (located at the endocardial side of the junctional myocardium). This process takes place at the ventricular margin of the myocardium of the atrioventricular canal. The separation of atrial and ventricular myocardium starts at ≈7 weeks of development in the anteromedial portion of the right atrioventricular junction and is largely completed around the 12th week of development. The only remaining myocardial continuity between atrial and ventricular myocardium is the atrioventricular axis of conduction. Our findings show that the nonmuscular part of the developing leaflets of the atrioventricular valves derives from the atrioventricular cushions and that the tissues of the atrioventricular groove do not contribute to the development of these leaflets.
Prostaglandin EP receptor agonists differentially modulate aspirin-induced generation of 15-HETE in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics*1
Authors: M.L. Kowalski, A. Ptasinska, M. Jedrzejczak, B. Bienkiewicz, M. Borowiec, L. DuBuske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Suicidal Behavior in Edinburgh and Seattle
Authors: HERBERT S. RIPLEY
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

Suicidal behavior in Seattle and Edinburgh, Scotland, was compared on the basis of data obtained from vital statistics and interviews. There were many similarities between those making attempts in the two places, but marked differences were observed in the method used and in the incidence of alcoholism and drinking at the time of the act. The author identified psychosocial characteristics of Edinburgh that might account for its having a lower suicide rate than Seattle. These included a lower incidence of alcoholism, a more integrated and less mobile society, a smaller percentage of foreign-born and racial minorities, and a cultural tradition of more controlled and less violent behavior. Moreover, the less lethal method of drug overdose was more often used in Edinburgh than in Seattle.
Persistent Generalized Lymphadenopathy (PGL) Mimicking Lymphoma on Whole-Body FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Peeyush Bhargava, Ching-Wen Angela Chang, Barbara Glickman, Gabriel Sara, Munir Ghesani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

We present PET/CT images of a 42-year-old HIV-positive man who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms suggestive of lymphoma. Whole-body PET/CT revealed hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy bilaterally in the neck, axilla, and inguinal regions, and hypermetabolism in an enlarged spleen. These findings were thought to be typical for lymphoma. The biopsy of right axillary lymph nodes showed no evidence of lymphoma but findings characteristic of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL).
Diagnostic tests in children with atopic dermatitis and food allergy
Authors: F. B. de Waard‐van der Spek, E. F. Elst, P. G. H. Mulder, K. Munte, A. C. A. Devillers, A. P. Oranje
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background Skin testing is a common diagnostic procedure in food allergy. The skin prick test is the test of first choice for investigating the immediate IgE‐mediated reaction, TTie skin application food test (SAFT) has been developed on the basis of the mechanism of the contact urticaria syndrome (CUS), Methods We studied the relevance of the SAFT in children younger than 4 years with atopic dermatitis and (suspected) food allergy as compared with the prick‐prick test, the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and the oral challenge. In the skin tests, we used fresh food, in the same state as it was consumed. Results There was a good agreement between the SAFT and the prick‐prick test. A moderate agreement was observed between the SAFT and the serologic test (RAST). Significantly more positive results in the RAST were observed than in the SAFT, There was very good agreement between the SAFT and the oral challenge (K = 0,86). Conclusions The SAFT is a reliable and child‐friendly skin test for evaluating (suspected) food allergy in children younger than 4 years with atopic dermatitis. The very good correlation with the oral challenge indicates that one may probably consider the SAFT a “skin provocation” in children younger than 4 years.
Portal Hypertension in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gordon K. Danielson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) is a hereditary disease in which there is a generalized abnormality of the function of the exocrine glands.<sup>1</sup>It is now recognized that in addition to the pancreas, there may be involvement of the respiratory tract, salivary glands, sweat glands, and liver. The commonly noted histological changes in the liver of focal biliary cirrhosis are usually of little importance,<sup>1,2</sup>but the less frequent multilobular biliary cirrhosis (MBC) may be associated with portal hypertension and any combination of hypersplenism, gastrointestinal bleeding, and ascites.<sup>2</sup>This report describes two patients with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices who were successfully treated by portacaval shunting. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 13-year-old white boy was admitted to the hospital in November 1964 with the chief complaint of having vomited more than a cup of blood several hours before. Though there was a history of poor weight gain, frequent
The Relation of Running to Bone and Joint Disease
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  The studies of the relationship between running and osteoarthritis, 1,2 which failed to find a generative joint disease in runners, are, despite disclaimers, examples of membership bias. 3 Membership in a group may imply a degree of health which differs systematically from that of the general population. 3 In these instances, those who habitually run may have better alignment, more resilient joints, or a host of other factors that militate against development of osteoarthritis, while the remainder, in the community at large, especially those who do not run or who have given up running, may not possess these wholesome properties. Only a prospective study of large populations of runners and nonrunners, carried out for many years and identifying all conceivable factors, will ultimately be able to answer this question. I maintain that those who habitually run long distances are predisposed to do so in their joints, in
Lung lymph oncotic pressure may not modulate pulmonary vascular filtration in sheep.
Authors: R L Conhaim, A M McGrath, S D Cooler, D A DeAngeles, G A Myers, B A Harms
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

We tested the hypothesis that plasma oncotic pressure alone, not the plasma-to-lymph oncotic pressure difference, modulates pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration. To do this we measured lung lymph flow after raising left atrial pressure (by inflating a balloon) in sheep that were receiving a continuous (32 h) infusion of dextran 40. For comparison, we also raised left atrial pressure elevation, plasma oncotic pressures in dextran and control sheep, respectively, were 39.5 +/- 4.5 and 17.7 +/- 2.2 mm Hg; plasma-to-lymph oncotic pressure gradients, respectively, were 4.4 +/- 0.6 and 4.4 +/- 0.6 mm Hg. Left atrial pressure elevation during dextran infusion increased lung lymph flow by a factor of 2.4 +/- 0.4, compared with a factor of 4.2 +/- 2.3 in control sheep. Thus, left atrial pressure elevation increased lymph flow less in dextran-treated animals than in control animals, even though the plasma-to-lymph oncotic pressure gradients were equal. This suggests that plasma oncotic pressure alone may be a more important determinant of pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration than the plasma-to-lymph oncotic pressure difference.
MPs urge better training of GPs to ensure more rapid diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A major public education campaign alerting people to the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and better training for GPs in diagnosing the condition are needed to ensure that treatment starts more quickly to reduce long term disability and joint damage, warns a report from the UK’s parliamentary public spending watchdog.

The report from the Committee of Public Accounts, a cross party group of MPs appointed by the House of Commons to examine public spending, found that the average time from the first symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis to diagnosis and treatment has not improved from the figure of nine months reported in 2003.

Reviewing the NHS’s current management of the disease, the committee found that too many patients are …
Appearance of the hymen in adolescents is not well documented
Authors: E. Curtis, C. S. Lazaro
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—As forensic paediatricians, we concur with Rogers and Stark's emphasis on the need for education about the nature of the hymen in postpubertal women.1 Ten of the 20 women described by Logmans et al had been sexually abused.2 The appearance of the hymen before puberty and its appearance after sexual abuse has been well described; the appearance of the hymen in adolescents is not well documented. The study by Emans et al3 is an exception.4 …
Low-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b in the Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia
Authors: J. A. Moormeier, M. J. Ratain, C. A. Westbrook, J. W. Vardiman, K. M. Daly, H. M. Golomb
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Twenty-two patients with hairy cell leukemia were treated with low-dose interferon alfa-2b (0.2 X 10(6) U/m2 given three times weekly) for 6-12 months. The overall response rate was 54%, with only 18% complete plus partial responses. The therapy had to be terminated early in five of these patients because their progressive disease led to severe cytopenia. Although the toxic effects with this regimen were minimal, the significantly lower response rate and the poorer quality of the responses prohibit its use as initial therapy in hairy cell leukemia.
TCT-889 Sex-related clinical characteristics and outcome before and after trancatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Manolis Vavuranakis, Maria Kariori, Vassilis Voudris, Carmen Moldovan, Sofia Thomopoulou, Konstantinos Aznaouridis, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Dimitrios Vrachatis, Evangelia Gravia, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Pulmonary Arterial Tree in Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: C. A. WAGENVOORT, HENRY N. NEUFELD, JAMES W. DUSHANE, JESSE E. EDWARDS, Noeke Wagenvoort
Journal: Circulation (1961)

A quantitative analysis was made of the pulmonary arterial medial thickness and index of medial surface area (ratio of medial tissue to pulmonary parenchyma) in 50 cases of uncomplicated ventricular septal defect in fetuses, infants, and children. The ages of the subjects ranged from 26 weeks of fetal life to 12 years. The results were compared with those obtained from a control group of the same age. During the fetal and newborn period, both the thickness and the index of surface area of the media were generally within normal limits, although in an occasional case pulmonary arterial branches were considerably thinner than those in corresponding controls. The subjects between 1 week and 5 weeks of age had a medial thickness and an index of medial surface area that were lower than the average values at the time of birth. In this regard the pulmonary arterial tree in cases of ventricular septal defect corresponded with that in normal newborn infants. Soon after, however, and most clearly from 8 weeks on, the subjects with ventricular septal defect showed a pronounced rise both in medial thickness and in the index of medial surface area, indicating the presence of considerable medial hypertrophy. Although intimal proliferation was observed in two infants of 11 and 27 days of age, it was uncommon in children less than the age of 1 year. Above that age it was almost invariably present. Plexiform or glomeruluslike structures were found in seven cases. The youngest patient with these lesions was 2½ years of age.
Cardiovascular Responses to Epinephrine During Acute Hypercapnia in Dogs: Effects of Autonomic Blocking Drugs
Authors: Emmett Steadman Manley, Robert Arthur Woodbury, Clinton B. Nash
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

The reduction of cardiovascular responsiveness to epinephrine which develops during hypercapnia has been investigated in the pen-tobarbital-anesthetized dog. Parameters evaluated include arterial blood pH and pressor, chronotropic, and inotropic responses to epinephrine. Hypercapnia was induced by ventilation with either 15 or 30% carbon dioxide for a constant interval (either 2 or 10 minutes) before administration of epinephrine. In this species and under the conditions employed, it was shown that the chronotropic, pressor, and inotropic responses to epinephrine were reduced in that order by hypercapnia. These responses were found to be reduced both in amplitude and duration. Phentolamine enhances the cardiac blocking activity of carbon dioxide. The depressor response to epinephrine, following phentolamine, was found to be exquisitely sensitive to elimination by hypercapnia. Cardiac stimulatory responses elicited by acetylcholine in atropinized dogs were not reduced by the intensity of hypercapnia employed in this study. The degree of refractoriness to epinephrine produced by high concentrations of CO 2 was less in those animals that had been exposed previously to high concentrations of carbon dioxide. Arterial blood pH determinations were found to be misleading when employed as an index of epinephrine responsiveness. Reduction of available catecholamine stores by reserpine, adrenalectomy, or P-286 reduced the pressor refractoriness. Ganglionic blockade was largely ineffective in this respect as was parasympathetic blockade with atropine.
Implications of Research and High Technology for Neonatal Intensive Care
Authors: Mildred Stahlman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A recent program appeared on national television addressing ethical decision making in newborn intensive care, entitled "Technology Rocks the Cradle." This title is a classic double entendre; the literal meaning being that modern newborn care, especially newborn intensive care, has been greatly influenced in a benign fashion by the high technology that has been developed around it; the second interpretation implying that, like a boat, the cradle with baby on board is being dangerously rocked by this same high technology to the point of destabilization and threatened disaster. Intensive care, and especially newborn intensive care, developed in the early 1960s only because certain important technological advances made possible the miniaturization of ways to evaluate and treat very small subjects. Such equipment as infant respirators, micro blood gas analyzers, and even basics like small-bore endotracheal tubes or plastic umbilical catheters were unavailable prior to this revolution in care, which showed almost
You Can't Catch Diabetes From a Friend
Authors: Frank K. Thorp
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This attractive book, written for children, is intended to increase understanding of diabetes. Both technical and psychosocial concepts are related through dialogues and photographic stories about four children. Karen talks to her brother about giving herself an insulin injection. Danny and his schoolmates discuss the type of food that a diabetic child can eat to maintain health. Colleen has been recording falsely low levels for urine sugar at home so as not to overly excite her parents. Robert experiences an insulin reaction during a day of doing yard work for neighbors. These episodes gracefully include other examples of problems in adjusting that diabetic children may have.  The photographs of these children engaged in real activities of daily life are outstanding. They are not only esthetically pleasing, lively, and honest but also explain certain aspects of diabetes that are almost impossible to show in any other way. The sequence illustrating development
THE EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURES ON HEMAGGLUTINATING ANTIBODIES
Authors: William C. Boyd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

It was found that exposure of hemagglutinating sera to pressures of the order of 3,000 to 4,000 atmospheres destroyed their agglutinating power, but did not convert them to inhibiting ("blocking") antibodies. Higher pressures (4,500 to 5,500 atmospheres) were required to destroy inhibiting anti-Rh(0) antibodies in a "blocking" serum. This conforms with ideas already held that the "blocking" antibodies are significantly more stable than the agglutinating antibodies.
The pathophysiologic role of alpha 4 integrins in vivo.
Authors: R R Lobb, M E Hemler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

phoid organs, or resident in other tissues ( 1).Also it is found on eosinophils, basophils (9), and various nonhematopoietic tumor cells (e.g., rhabdomyosarcoma, melanoma).
Abstract P5-04-07: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in breast cancers is associated with clinicopathologic factors indicating aggressive biologic behavior and poor clinical outcome
Authors: YK Bae, A Kim, JE Choi, SH Kang, SJ Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined by the loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. EMT in epithelial tumors is a reversible process and expected to be involved in invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of cancer cells. EMT-inducing factors down-regulate E-cadherin and up-regulate extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin. Cancer tissue may display a wide spectrum of expression phenotypes of EMT-related proteins. However, little is known about the clinical significance of the different EMT phenotypes in breast cancers. We investigated expression pattern of EMT-related proteins, E-cadherin and fibronectin in 1,498 invasive breast carcinomas by using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. EMT phenotypes were divided into complete type (E-cadherin-negative and fibronectin-positive); incomplete type, including hybrid (E-cadherin-positive and fibronectin-positive) and null (E-cadherin-negative and fibronectin-negative) types; and a wild type (E-cadherin-positive and fibronectin-negative). We correlated EMT phenotype with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients survival. Loss of E-cadherin was observed in 140 (9.3%) cases and fibronectin was expressed in cancer cells of 320 (21.4%) cases. Twenty three (1.5%) cases were categorized as complete type, 414 (27.6%) as incomplete type (hybrid type, 297; null type, 117), and 1,061 (70.8%) as wild type. Complete EMT phenotype was significantly associated with advanced pT stage, lymph node metastasis, high histological grade, and triple negativity (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Overall survival and disease-free survival rates were significantly worse in the complete type, better in the incomplete type and best in the wild type (p = 0.002 and p &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively). In multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis, the complete EMT phenotype was not an independent prognostic factor for both overall and disease-free survival. In conclusion, breast cancer patients with EMT phenotype showed less favorable outcomes than those with wild type as it was strongly associated with clinicopathologic factors indicating aggressive biologic behavior. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-04-07.