tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
"CONTROL OF OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM"
Authors: H. W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The plea of Dr. F. Park Lewis (The Journal, September 8, p. 849) is one that should be read by every physician that practices obstetrics. Blindness from ophthalmia neonatorum could and should be prevented. In thirty years' practice I have never had blindness result from this cause. I have always carried in my obstetric bag a solution of silver nitrate, 1 per cent., and never neglect to use it. The state of Illinois now furnishes this solution in beeswax ampules, and there is no excuse for a doctor not having it with him. I know a young woman, now 19 years old, blind from this cause, owing to the neglect of a drunken doctor. I am surprised that this infection occurs in well regulated hospitals as stated in Dr. Lewis' letter. We should have an editorial on this subject.
Fatty acid uptake in normal human myocardium.
Authors: K Vyska, W Meyer, W Stremmel, G Notohamiprodjo, K Minami, H J Machulla, U Gleichmann, H Meyer, R Körfer
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Fatty acid binding protein has been found in rat aortic endothelial cell membrane. It has been identified to be a 40-kDa protein that corresponds to a 40-kDa fatty acid binding protein with high affinity for a variety of long chain fatty acids isolated from rat heart myocytes. It is proposed that this endothelial membrane fatty acid binding protein might mediate the myocardial uptake of fatty acids. For evaluation of this hypothesis in vivo, influx kinetics of tracer-labeled fatty acids was examined in 15 normal subjects by scintigraphic techniques. Variation of the plasma fatty acid concentration and plasma perfusion rate has been achieved by modulation of nutrition state and exercise conditions. The clinical results suggest that the myocardial fatty acid influx rate is saturable by increasing fatty acid plasma concentration as well as by increasing plasma flow. For analysis of these data, functional relations describing fatty acid transport from plasma into myocardial tissue in the presence and absence of an "unstirred layer" were developed. The fitting of these relations to experimental data indicate that the free fatty acid influx into myocardial tissue reveals the criteria of a reaction on a capillary surface in the vicinity of flowing plasma but not of a reaction in extravascular space or in an unstirred layer and that the fatty acid influx into normal myocardium is a saturable process that is characterized by the quantity corresponding to the Michaelis-Menten constant, Km, and the maximal velocity, Vmax, 0.24 +/- 0.024 mumol/g and 0.37 +/- 0.013 mumol/g(g.min), respectively. These data are compatible with a nondiffusional uptake process mediated by the initial interaction of fatty acids with the 40-kDa membrane fatty acid binding protein of cardiac endothelial cells.
Multicentre criterion based audit of the management of induced abortion in Scotland
Authors: G C Penney, A Glasier, A Templeton
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess and improve the quality of care provided to women undergoing induced abortion. Design — Two rounds of prospective, criterion based case note review audit. <b>Setting</b>: Ten NHS gynaecology units throughout Scotland. <b>Subjects</b>: 2004 patient episodes of abortion care identified consecutively during two rounds of audit. The first round comprised 967 cases and the second round 1037. <b>Interventions</b>: Dissemination of results from the first round of audit and recommendations for change20in the form of a written report and at postgraduate meetings in participating hospitals. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Improvements in quality of care as assessed against 16 previously agreed criteria, both overall across the 10 study hospitals and within individual hospitals. <b>Results</b>: Overall, four significant improvements occurred: increased availability of early medical abortion, decreased utilisation of surgical abortion at very early gestation, increased use of mifepristone priming before second trimester medical abortion, and increased provision of follow up. At the individual hospital level 42 of 150 elements of care studied20were "close to optimal" at the time of the first round of audit, rising to 54 at the second round (NS). A total of 31 significant improvements in individual elements of care occurred, but 11 significant deteriorations also occurred (at the P&lt;0.05 level). <b>Conclusions</b>: The prospective multicentre audit proved feasible aqnd achieved the aims of any form of audit in terms of identifying deficiencies and variations in care. The audit results promoted objective review of local abortion services in participating hospitals. At least for some elements of care in some hospitals significant improvements were detectable.
Bone Mineral Screening for Osteoporosis
Authors: Ferris M. Hall, Michael A. Davis, Daniel T. Baran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women is an important public health problem, accounting for 1 to 2 million fractures per year in the United States. The morbidity, mortality, and financial ramifications associated with this disease are most evident in regard to hip fractures, which occur in approximately one third of women who live to the age of 90.1 , 2 Recent events have focused attention on both the diagnosis and the treatment of osteoporosis. The Health Care Financing Administration is currently under mounting pressure to change its previous decision not to permit reimbursement for bone mineral screening in patients receiving Medicare.3 Similar pressures have . . .
Castleman's disease
Authors: A RICCIO
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

A 65 year old woman presented in February 1998 with joint pains, mild weight loss, and a low grade irregular fever. Initially, pain was localised around both shoulder joints. Subsequently, elbows, wrists, hips, and knees were affected, with morning stiffness, but without particular swelling. The symptoms were accentuated by movement, but also persisted during the night, often keeping the patient awake. On clinical examination, there was limited painful movement of the shoulders and hips, with a marked reduction in strength. The small joints of the hands and feet were not affected. No other pathological conditions were found. Laboratory findings showed a marked increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; >100 mm/1st h), hyper-α2 globulinaemia and a mild anaemia, whereas enzymatic activity (serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase) was within the normal range. A diagnosis of polymyalgia …
Primary Tumor Levels of Human Tissue Kallikreins Affect Surgical Success and Survival in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Julia Dorn, Manfred Schmitt, Ronald Kates, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Marion Kiechle, Andreas Scorilas, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Nadia Harbeck
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Proteolytic factors of the human tissue kallikrein (hK) family and the plasminogen activation system play a key role in tumor progression in various malignancies. We determined antigen levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its inhibitor PAI-1, and hK5-8, hK10, hK11, and hK13 by ELISA in primary tumor tissue extracts of 142 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) I to IV ovarian cancer patients (median follow-up 41 months). Results: After radical surgery, absence of macroscopically visible residual tumor (RT) was achieved in 72 patients; all patients received postoperative platinum-containing chemotherapy. Significant univariate predictors of poor progression-free survival (PFS) were RT (&amp;gt;0), FIGO stages (III/IV versus I/II/III), ascites volume &amp;gt;500 mL, nodal status, and the difference between PAI-1 and uPA (fractionally ranked). In multivariate analysis, significant independent factors for poor PFS were RT [hazard ratio (HR), 4.53] and low hK11 fractional rank (HR, 0.30). Univariate predictors of poor overall survival were RT, FIGO stages, nodal status, ascites volume, nuclear grade, and low hK10 and hK13. In multivariate analysis, significant independent factors for poor overall survival were RT (HR, 7.49), ascites (HR, 1.97), and low hK10 (HR, 0.196). We constructed a multivariate scoring model estimating RT probability, based on ascites [odds ratio (OR), 13.1], nuclear grade (OR, 2.92), hK6 (OR, 8.54), and hK13 (OR, 0.14), with good in-sample predictive performance (area under receiver operating characteristic, 0.833). Conclusions: In view of risks and benefits of radical surgery, such a score could support preoperative risk stratification and identify candidates for alternative therapeutic strategies. These results highlight the distinct roles of the hKs for different disease end points in ovarian cancer and their potential to support individualized therapy decisions.
The interplay between the Rab27A effectors Slp4-a and MyRIP controls hormone-evoked Weibel-Palade body exocytosis
Authors: Ruben Bierings, Nicola Hellen, Nikolai Kiskin, Laura Knipe, Ana-Violeta Fonseca, Bijal Patel, Athina Meli, Marlene Rose, Matthew J. Hannah, Tom Carter
Journal: Blood (2012)
Cytological Diagnosis of Cancer: Its Uses and Limitations
Authors: M. M. Boddington, A. I. Spriggs
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Patients in group 1 are treated by pain relief alone.If this is not sufficient to maintain adequate ventilation, they require tracheotomy and fall into group 2. All those who still cannot ventilate adequately need I.P.P.R. and fall into group 3.The maintenance of the treatment appropriate to each group is discussed, and it is emphasized that frequent assessments of ventilation should be made in order that deterioration shall not go unrecognized.Pain can be completely controlled by thoracic segmental extradural block, and it is felt that the use of this technique decreases the need for tracheotomy or I.P.P.R., especially in the elderly and those with pre-existing chest disease.Illustrative case reports are presented.The overall mortality in the series is 9.09%.We thank Mr. J. C. Scott, Director of the Accident Service, Radcliffe Infirmary, for his encouragement and for permission to publish details of patients; also the
Antibodies to the Surface of Halothane-Altered Rabbit Hepatocytes in Patients with Severe Halothane-Associated Hepatitis
Authors: Diego Vergani, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Alfredo Alberti, James Neuberger, Adrian L. W. F. Eddleston, Michael Davis, Roger Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Circulating antibodies reacting specifically with the cell membrane of hepatocytes isolated from halothane-anesthetized rabbits were detected in nine of 11 patients with fulminant hepatic failure after helothane-induced anesthesia. The immunoglobulin deposition, as revealed by immunofluorescence, showed a granular pattern on the hepatocyte surface membrane. Preincubation of halothane-pretreated, but not of control, hepatocytes with serum containing this antibody rendered them susceptible to cytotoxic effects of normal lymphocytes in vitro. Control studies using serum from subjects repeatedly exposed to halothane without the development of liver damage, and from patients with viral and toxic liver injury have confirmed the specificity of these findings to serve halothane-associated liver injury. These results provide further evidence of an immunologic component in this condition.
Case 7-1967
Authors: John H. Knowles, John B. Blennerhassett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of CaseA twenty-one-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after an automobile accident.He had been well until the evening of admission, when his car struck a tree at a speed of 80 miles per hour. He was conveyed to another hospital, where a Foley catheter was placed in the left side of the chest, the left lower extremity was splinted, and 2 transfusions of blood were given before transfer to this hospital.Examination in the Emergency Ward revealed multiple facial lacerations, a fracture of the maxilla, a compound fracture-dislocation of the left wrist, multiple rib fractures on . . .
The natural course of allergic rhinitis during 12 years of follow‐up
Authors: J. Danielsson, M. Jessen
Journal: Allergy (1997)

As symptoms of allergic rhinitis are generally thought to disappear with increasing age, we decided to follow up our allergic rhinitis patients to ascertain whether their disease had regressed or progressed, and whether they had developed respiratory symptoms. At our department, between 1979 and 1982, allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 108 patients. In 1993, 82 of the patients (40 women, 42 men; mean age 36 years), none of whom had received immunotherapy, answered a questionnaire concerning the status of their allergic rhinitis, and any development of the disease during the interim. Of the 82 patients, one was free of allergic symptoms and 39% had become better; symptoms were unchanged in 39% of cases, and worse in 21%. Six percent had suffered from asthma at presentation, 6% had developed asthma in the interim, and 34% reported other lower airways symptoms. Neither sex nor age at diagnosis was a determinant of the course of allergic rhinitis. Thus, in contrast to findings in other studies, the severity of allergic rhinitis seems to have increased among our patients.
THE ATROPIN TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID INFECTIONS
Authors: ALFRED FRIEDLANDER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

With all appreciation of the minimizing effect of typhoid-paratyphoid prophylaxis on typhoid infections in army camps, it is still reasonable to anticipate the occurrence of occasional camp cases. The larger number of such cases will probably arise from among unvaccinated civilian workmen and from the improperly vaccinated soldier. In typhoid infections appearing in persons who have received typhoid prophylaxis completely or incompletely, the disease will usually be characterized by such mildness as not to present the outstanding features of typhoid that so readily permit a diagnosis among the unvaccinated. Facing this difficulty in the recognition of typhoid existence, those medical officers responsible for the prevention of infectious diseases in army camps, and those on whom will devolve the care and treatment of suspected cases, are evaluating all recent developments purporting to be of additional diagnostic aid. At a similar period in the making of the British Army there came into
Expression and distribution of renal vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase in response to chronic acid and alkali loads in the rat.
Authors: B Bastani, H Purcell, P Hemken, D Trigg, S Gluck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Renal hydrogen ion excretion increases with chronic acid loads and decreases with alkali loads. We examined the mechanism of adaptation by analyzing vacuolar proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H+ ATPase) 31-kD subunit protein and mRNA levels, and immunocytochemical distribution in kidneys from rats subjected to acid or alkali loads for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 d. Acid- and alkali-loaded rats exhibited adaptive responses in acid excretion, but showed no significant changes in H+ ATPase protein or mRNA levels in either cortex or medulla. In contrast, there were profound adaptive changes in the immunocytochemical distribution of H+ ATPase in collecting duct intercalated cells. In the medulla, H+ ATPase staining in acid-loaded rats shifted from cytoplasmic vesicles to plasma membrane, whereas in alkali-loaded rats, cytoplasmic vesicle staining was enhanced, and staining of plasma membrane disappeared. In the cortical collecting tubule, acid loading increased the number of intercalated cells showing enhanced apical H+ ATPase staining and decreased the number of cells with basolateral or poorly polarized apical staining. The results indicate that both medulla and cortex participate in the adaptive response to acid and alkali loading by changing the steady-state distribution of H+ ATPase, employing mechanisms that do not necessitate postulating interconversion of intercalated cells with opposing polarities.
The health impacts of climate change
Authors: C. Rapley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

No science is ever completely settled.However, among the tens of thousands of scientists working in the field of climate science worldwide there is almost complete agreement that our climate system is changing, and that human activities are the predominant driving force.This agreement is remarkable given what a belligerent, argumentative lot scientists are, and that they take great pleasure in proving each other wrong.I want to address the following five questions: Has the climate changed before?Are the current circumstances unusual?Is the planet warming (and how do we know)?Is it us (and how do we know)?And does it matter? Has the climate changed before?Yes, on many timescales and for many reasons, not least because the energy output of the Sun varies.As the primary energy source of the Earth system, the Sun drives the motions of the ocean and the atmosphere, as well as energising the photosynthesis on which the food chain of life depends.The Sun's luminosity has increased by about 30% over the 4.5 billion year lifetime of the planet, and its energy output fluctuates, albeit at the 0.1% level.So yes, the Sun changes, and in doing so it drives changes in the Earth's climate system.
High on the Differential
Authors: Jon D. Lurie, Harold C. Sox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

A 48-year-old man who had received three cadaveric renal transplants had a 10-day history of painless edema of the legs. He was not short of breath at rest but had had moderate dyspnea on exertion for a week.The edema may be hydrostatic in origin, from either heart failure or other causes, or oncotic in origin, from hypoalbuminemia; bilateral deep venous thromboses would be unusual. The patient's shortness of breath may be caused by heart failure or fluid overload, but it could indicate lung infection. He is immunocompromised, so we need a broad differential diagnosis that includes opportunistic . . .
Penetrating cardiac injuries.
Authors: C Oakland, J Vivian
Journal: BMJ (1987)

HIV testing: changing trends SIR,-Dr E J Beck and colleagues (18 July, p 191) drew attention to steep increases in the number of requests from patients in London for tests for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in October and November 1986 and March 1987, which coincided with the publicity campaigns associated with the government's edu- cational programme about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).In Liverpool a similar trend was observed at the Public Health Laboratory, where these tests are performed on specimens submitted mainly from clinics for sexually transmitted diseases but also from hospital departments, drug dependency clinics, and general practitioners.The table shows the numbers of specimens for this test received monthly in the laboratory between May 1986 and June 1987, together with the number that were positive for antibody to HIV and the number of these that were from new patients.Sharp increases occurred in Liverpool at about the same time as in London, and, although, as in London, there was a pronounced fall in numbers from the peak in March 1987, the level maintained since then is much higher than that in the corresponding period in 1986.Though the proportion of patients who were found to be positive was much lower in Liverpool than in London, we also found that as the number of tests increased so the proportion that yielded positive results tended to decrease.Number of specimens for tests for antibody to HIV
First Aid for First Aid
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Doctors favour changes in India's abortion law
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An Indian court has turned down a plea by a Bombay couple to be allowed to abort a 25 week old fetus, stirring a nationwide clamour for changes in India’s 37 year old abortion law.

Niketa and Harsh Mehta, had approached the Bombay High Court to seek permission to abort their fetus after diagnostic tests showed a congenital heart block and transposition of the great arteries. India’s Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, passed in 1971, allows abortion up to only 20 weeks’ gestation.

The court had asked a panel of doctors from the Jamsetji Jeejebhoy Hospital to examine the test results, and rejected the plea last week after the panel predicted little chance that the child would be born too disabled to survive.

The court observed that the existing law …
Normal and Prosthetic Atrioventricular Valve Motion in Atrial Flutter
Authors: EDWIN L. ALDERMAN, DAVID A. RYTAND, RICHARD S. CROW, ROBERT E. FINEGAN, DONALD C. HARRISON
Journal: Circulation (1972)

In order to correlate the electrical and mechanical events occurring in atrial flutter, three patients have been studied using the standard electrocardiogram, a computer-processed vectorcardiogram, and reflected ultrasound recordings of valvular motion. Anterior motion of the mitral valve leaflet occurs in the region of the nadir of the atrial flutter wave in lead II of the electrocardiogram. In one patient in whom it was possible to obtain a tricuspid leaflet echocardiogram, anterior motion was also initiated close to the nadir of the flutter wave. The probable sequence of electrical and mechanical events in atrial flutter is discussed. In one patient with a prosthetic mitral valve, correlation of diastolic clicking sounds with respect to the poppet echocardiogram provided some insight into irregularities in timing of previously reported flutter sounds.