tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Running performance and physiological characteristics of one man over a twenty-year period.
Authors: P Bale
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1988)

In general there is a slow decline in physical performance during maturity which becomes more rapid with increasing age. Maximum oxygen uptake ('Y02 max) is regarded as one of the best measurements of physical working capacity; and cross-sectional studies suggest that men lose about 11-14ml.kg-lmin-1 of aerobic power between the ages of 25 and 55 years (Astrand and Rodahl, 1977; Quirion et al, 1987; Shephard, 1978). Longitudinal studies report quite large decrements of between 10-30 ml.kg-lmin-1 over a 20year period between ages 30 and 50 years (Astrand et al, 1973; Dehn and Bruce, 1972; Robinson et al, 1975), depending on whether the subjects were inactive, or were active sportsmen. Many researchers suggest that this loss in physiological performance is more related to decreased habitual activity than to age itself. Thus, although it is accepted that the functional capacity of the cardiorespiratory system does decrease with age, this decrease can be minimised by regular physical activity (Barnard et al, 1979). De Vries (1980) further comments that the relative capacity for improvement in performance is probably not greatly different in middle age from that in youth. Thus the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of training on performance of a subject between the ages of 30 and 50 years.
OC-041 Enhanced Monocyte Function and Surface TLR Expression Predict Post-Operative Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Patients Immediately following Major Hepatic and Pancreatic Resection
Authors: R Lahiri, J Wong, S Bhattacharya, G Foster, W Alazawi
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients undergoing major surgery are at risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and life-threatening post-operative sepsis. Early identification of high-risk patients would allow for tailored post-operative care. We tested the hypothesis that post-operative SIRS could be predicted by differences in innate immune function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) taken from patients undergoing major abdominal surgery in the perioperative period. <h3>Methods</h3> Serial blood samples were taken from consenting, adult patients undergoing major hepatic or pancreatic surgery pre-operatively and on days one and two postoperatively. Patients with inflammatory co-morbidities, pre-operative sepsis and those taking anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory medication were excluded. PBMCs were isolated, stimulated for 24 hours with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or flagellin and cytokine production was quantified by ELISA. PBMC surface expression of CD14, TLR4 and TLR5 was assessed by flow cytometry. SIRS was defined by the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine consensus criteria. <h3>Results</h3> We included 32 patients, nine of whom developed SIRS on day five or later. There were no significant pre-operative differences between the SIRS and the non-SIRS groups in TLR-induced IL-6 and TNFa production nor TLR4 and TLR5 expression. LPS- and flagellin- induced IL-6 concentrations were significantly greater in the SIRS group on day two (1532pg/µl vs 153pg/µl; p &lt; 0.0002). Monocyte expression of both TLR4 and TLR5 was significantly greater in the SIRS group on both day one (p &lt; 0.002) and day two (p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference in CRP or other clinical predictors of SIRS between the groups in the early post-operative period. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients who develop SIRS show increased cytokine production in response to TLR stimulation in the early post-operative period. This is associated with elevated surface TLR4 and TLR5 expression in monocytes. These data indicate that there are early functional differences in innate immune responses in patients who develop SIRS compared to those who do not, and that these differences are detectable days before the onset of clinical symptoms. Such assays can help to identify at-risk patients in whom intensive therapy can be targeted. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Mutagenic efficiency of organophosphorus insecticides used in combined treatments.
Authors: N Degraeve, M C Chollet, J Moutschen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Male mice (Q strain) received two consecutive injections of organophosphorus insecticides: a phosphonate (trichlorfon) was combined to a thiophosphate (methylparathion) or a dithiophosphate (malathion or methylazinphos) in order to evaluate the interactions at the genetic and cytogenetic levels. No increase in chromosome damage was observed in bone marrow cells, spermatogonia, and primary spermatocytes. In a dominant lethal mutation assay, the frequency of postimplantation lethality was not significantly increased over the control level. The percentage of preimplantation losses was enhanced, probably due to a toxic effect on male germ cells.
Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection of large colorectal lesions
Authors: Noriya Uedo, Artur Nemeth, Gabriele Johansson, Ervin Toth, Henrik Thorlacius
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

In this prospective study, 11 consecutive patients with neoplastic colorectal lesions (median size 20 mm, range 15 - 25 mm) underwent endoscopic polyp removal by underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Six lesions were removed en bloc and five lesions were removed by piecemeal resection. Pathological examination revealed seven R0 resections, and in four cases the pathology could not be determined. Two cases of procedure-related bleeding occurred but these were easily managed using hemostatic forceps and clip application. No perforations or delayed bleedings were observed. Underwater EMR is a relatively simple, safe, and useful method for the removal of large colorectal lesions.
Cystic fibrosis. 4. Abnormalities of airway epithelial function and the implications of the discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene.
Authors: A W Cuthbert
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Details of ion transporting abnormalities in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium are now known. The central hypothesis, that excessive drying of the airway surfaces is a primary event that leads to all the manifestations of the respiratory insufficiency in cystic fibrosis, is not proved. The hypothesis is, however, consistent with the known transporting abnormalities and is strengthened by the modest clinical improvement produced by a strategy designed to correct the transporting abnormalities. The discovery of the cystic fibrosis gene, together with the presumed structure of the protein product, provides a focal point that must eventually connect the functional abnormalities with the genetic defect. The cellular function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator must now be the major target in research on cystic fibrosis. Strategies for treatment based on known cellular and molecular abnormalities are beginning to emerge but will be undoubtedly more focused once the responsibility of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator is known.
The Knee: Form, Function, and Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: William A. Grana
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This 314-page book, with a foreword by Dr Jack Hughston of Columbus, Ga, has a bibliography of 404 publications and an alphabetical index for improved reference. The book is divided into two parts: part 1 covers the anatomy, kinematics, and examination of the knee; part 2 discusses evaluation of the knee, operative technique for acute and chronic injury, postoperative rehabilitation, and the results of operative treatment.  The purpose of this book is not stated, but the author's viewpoint is similar to that of other aggressive knee surgeons, such as O'Donoghue, Hughston, and Trillat: that anatomy is an expression of function and that in order to restore function you must restore the anatomy. In addition, while individual anatomic structures may vary, the knee is comprised of functional anatomic units that work synergistically. Therefore, there will be a constant interrelationship among these functional units, which must be restored following a specific injury.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with fenfluramine exposure: report of 109 cases
Authors: R. Souza, M. Humbert, B. Sztrymf, X. Jaïs, A. Yaïci, J. Le Pavec, F. Parent, P. Hervé, F. Soubrier, O. Sitbon, G. Simonneau
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The aim of the present study was to describe a large cohort of fenfluramine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (fen-PAH) and its possible prognostic markers. The records of all patients with a diagnosis of fen-PAH evaluated at the present authors' centre from 1986-2004 were retrospectively studied. Baseline clinical and haemodynamic data were collected, as well as survival times. The median duration of fenfluramine exposure was 6 months, with a median of 4.5 yrs between exposure and onset of symptoms. Nine (22.5%) out of 40 patients evaluated resulted positive for the presence of germline bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) type 2 mutations. In these patients, the duration of exposure to fenfluramine was significantly lower than in patients without mutation. The median survival was 6.4 yrs, without significant difference between fen-PAH and a control group of idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension patients referred to the present authors' centre during the same time frame and treated identically. Duration of fenfluramine exposure showed no relation to survival, while cardiac index was the only independent predictor of multivariate analysis. Fenfluramine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension shares clinical, functional, haemodynamic and genetic features with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as overall survival rates. Therefore, the present authors conclude that fenfluramine exposure characterises a potent trigger for pulmonary arterial hypertension without influencing its clinical course.
β-arrestin 2 regulates Aβ generation and γ-secretase activity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Amantha Thathiah, Katrien Horre, An Snellinx, Elke Vandewyer, Yunhong Huang, Marta Ciesielska, Gerdien De Kloe, Sebastian Munck, Bart De Strooper
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Deficits in several neurotransmitter systems are characteristic features of the brains of AD patients. The majority of neurotransmitters communicate information to cells via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or 7-transmembrane receptors (7TMRs). It has recently been appreciated that a small family of multifunctional GPCR regulatory known as the β-arrestins which play an almost universal role in facilitating traditional GPCR desensitization, are also capable of initiating distinct signals in their own right, conveying receptor subtype-specific signaling events. These signals are often both spatially and temporally distinct, and result in unique cellular and physiological or pathophysiological consequences. As mediators of GPCR desensitization, trafficking and cell signaling, the β-arrestins provide a putative basis to understand GPCR dysfunction in AD. Here, we report that β-arrestin 2 levels are elevated in two independent cohorts of patients with AD. Genetic deletion of Arrb2 (β-arrestin 2) reduces accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in an AD mouse model. Consistent with these observations, endogenous murine Aβ generation is also reduced in Arrb2-/- mice. Elucidation of the mechanism of the β-arrestin 2-mediated effect on Aβ levels indicates that recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to two GPCRs implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, GPR3 and the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), is required for the promotion of Aβ release. Collectively, these studies identify β-arrestin 2 as a novel avenue for targeting amyloid pathology and GPCR dysfunction in AD.
Relationship of plasma epinephrine and circulating eosinophils to nocturnal asthma.
Authors: M E Bates, M Clayton, W Calhoun, N Jarjour, L Schrader, K Geiger, T Schultz, J Sedgwick, C Swenson, W Busse
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The mechanisms of nighttime airway obstruction are not fully established, but include circadian fluctuations in epinephrine and cortisol. To evaluate the relationship of circadian patterns in epinephrine and cortisol to nighttime airflow obstruction, 10 young adult asthma patients (ages 19 to 25 yr) were admitted to a hospital clinical research unit for a 3-day study during which plasma concentrations of epinephrine, cortisol, and histamine were determined along with white blood cell and eosinophil counts every 6 h (1600, 2200, 0400, and 1000 h). Six of the 10 patients experienced at least one episode of nocturnal asthma (defined by more than a 15% decrease in antemeridian (A.M.) to postmeridian (P.M.) FEV1 values). Plasma epinephrine levels (pg/ml) showed a circadian pattern, and the concentration at 2200 h was significantly (p = 0.039) different for the nocturnal and non-nocturnal asthma groups. Circulating eosinophil numbers were greater in subjects who had more frequent episodes of nocturnal asthma, and correlated with the frequency of nocturnal asthma (r = 0.732, p = 0.02, Spearman rank correlation) and average percent decrease in FEV1 (r = 0.667, p = 0.035). Plasma cortisol concentrations also showed circadian patterns, but no direct association with nocturnal asthma; plasma histamine concentrations showed no circadian patterns and no association with nocturnal asthma. Our findings indicate that changes in plasma epinephrine precede the development of nocturnal airway obstruction and contribute to the likelihood of nighttime airflow obstruction.
FDA Regulation of Tobacco
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prediction of buckwheat allergy using specific IgE concentrations in children
Authors: M. H. Sohn, S. Y. Lee, K.‐E. Kim
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Buckwheat (BW) is considered to be one of the most important food allergens, and positive skin tests are found in about 5% of Koreans. We investigated the positive and negative predictive values of BW-specific IgE in subjects with a BW allergy in order to reduce the need for buckwheat challenge, which can be more riskier than other causes of food allergies.Twenty-eight BW allergic subjects with symptoms after BW Open food challenge and 16 asymptomatic control subjects with positive skin test to BW were recruited. Serum samples from all patients were analyzed for BW-specific IgE antibodies using the Pharmacia CAP System.According to the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff level of BW-specific IgE, as the definitions of serum BW-specific IgE positive, was 1.26 kUA/l. With this selected cutoff level, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 93.10, 93.33, 79.75 and 97.96%, respectively.The use of the optimal cutoff level, 1.26 kUA/l, that simultaneously maximizes sensitivity and specificity, would be helpful for avoiding unnecessary risky challenge in children with a strong clinical history and skin test responses.
Ofloxacin versus Trimethoprim-Sulphamethoxazole in Acute Cystitis
Authors: J. M. Block, R. A. Walstad, Aa. Bjertnaes, P.-E. Hafstad, M. Holte, I. Ottemo, P. L. Svarva, T. Rolstad, L.-E. Peterson
Journal: Drugs (1987)
TLX Homeodomain Oncogenes Mediate T Cell Maturation Arrest in T-ALL via Interaction with ETS1 and Suppression of TCRα Gene Expression
Authors: Saïda Dadi, Sandrine Le Noir, Dominique Payet-Bornet, Ludovic Lhermitte, Joaquin Zacarias-Cabeza, Julie Bergeron, Patrick Villarèse, Elodie Vachez, Willem A. Dik, Corinne Millien, Isabelle Radford, Els Verhoeyen, François-Loïc Cosset, Arnaud Petit, Norbert Ifrah, Hervé Dombret, Olivier Hermine, Salvatore Spicuglia, Anton W. Langerak, Elizabeth A. Macintyre, Bertrand Nadel, Pierre Ferrier, Vahid Asnafi
Journal: Cancer Cell (2012)
Molecular basis of the inhibition of human aromatase (estrogen synthetase) by flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens: A site-directed mutagenesis study.
Authors: Y C Kao, C Zhou, M Sherman, C A Laughton, S Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens are plant chemicals and are known to be competitive inhibitors of cytochrome P450 aromatase with respect to the androgen substrate. Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen; therefore, these plant chemicals are thought to be capable of modifying the estrogen level in women. In this study, the inhibition profiles of four flavones [chrysin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavone), 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), and galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone)], two isoflavones [genistein (4,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone) and biochanin A (5,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyisoflavone)], one flavanone [naringenin (4, 5,7-trihydroxyflavanone)], and one naphthoflavone (alpha-naphthoflavone) on the wild-type and six human aromatase mutants (I133Y, P308F, D309A, T310S, I395F, and I474Y) were determined. In combination with computer modeling, the binding characteristics and the structure requirement for flavone and isoflavone phytoestrogens to inhibit human aromatase were obtained. These compounds were found to bind to the active site of aromatase in an orientation in which rings A and C mimic rings D and C of the androgen substrate, respectively. This study also provides a molecular basis as to why isoflavones are significantly poorer inhibitors of aromatase than flavones.
P1230 LACK OF IMPACT OF BASELINE RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED VARIANTS (RAVS) ON TREATMENT OUTCOME IN THE AVIATOR STUDY WITH ABT-450/R, ABT-333 AND ABT-267, +/– RIBAVIRIN
Authors: P. Krishnan, R. Tripathi, M. Irvin, J. Beyer, T. Reisch, G. Schnell, W. Xie, X. Zhou, L. Larsen, J. Kofron, D. Cohen, T. Podsadecki, T. Pilot-Matias, C. Collins
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Lymphoma and other HIV-associated malignancies
Authors: Patricia L. Myskowski, David J. Straus, Bijan Safai
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

The immunodeficient state that evolves in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to increase their risk of certain types of cancer. Among these are primary lymphoma of the central nervous system, undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, anorectal carcinoma, and cutaneous malignancies. These malignancies are similar in incidence to those seen in other immunodeficient patients. Lymphoma, in particular, is associated with a more aggressive disease state. In HIV infected patients, the disease is usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage, frequently has extranodal involvement, and usually responds poorly to chemotherapy. Viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and papillomavirus, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma and other malignancies in immunosuppressed patients, including those with HIV infection. The immunodeficient state that evolves in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears to increase their risk of certain types of cancer. Among these are primary lymphoma of the central nervous system, undifferentiated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, anorectal carcinoma, and cutaneous malignancies. These malignancies are similar in incidence to those seen in other immunodeficient patients. Lymphoma, in particular, is associated with a more aggressive disease state. In HIV infected patients, the disease is usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage, frequently has extranodal involvement, and usually responds poorly to chemotherapy. Viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and papillomavirus, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoma and other malignancies in immunosuppressed patients, including those with HIV infection.
Modulation of keratinocyte growth factor and its receptor in reepithelializing human skin.
Authors: C Marchese, M Chedid, O R Dirsch, K G Csaky, F Santanelli, C Latini, W J LaRochelle, M R Torrisi, S A Aaronson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We investigated the expression and distribution of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) (FGF-7) and its receptor (KGFR) during reepithelialization of human skin. KGF mRNA levels increased rapidly by 8-10-fold and remained elevated for several days. In contrast, KGFR transcript levels decreased early but were significantly elevated by 8-9 d. A KGF-immunoglobulin G fusion protein (KGF-HFc), which specifically and sensitively detects the KGFR, localized the receptor to differentiating keratinocytes of control epidermis, but revealed a striking decrease in receptor protein expression during the intermediate period of reepithelization. Suramin, which blocked KGF binding and stripped already bound KGF from its receptor, failed to unmask KGFRs in tissue sections from the intermediate phase of wound repair. The absence of KGFR protein despite increased KGFR transcript levels implies functional receptor downregulation in the presence of increased KGF. This temporal modulation of KGF and KGFRs provides strong evidence for the functional involvement of KGF in human skin reepithelialization.