tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 366: Enhanced tumor detection of fluoroscence laparoscopy improves laparoscopic resection of primary pancreatic cancer in mouse models
Authors: Cristina A. Metildi, Sharmeela Kaushal, Cynthia S. Snyder, George A. Luiken, Robert M. Hoffman, Michael Bouvet
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of fluorescence laparoscopy for resection of primary pancreatic cancer. Orthotopic mouse models of human pancreatic cancer were established with the brightly-fluorescent BxPC-3 RFP human pancreatic cancer cell line. Two weeks after implantation, mice were randomized to undergo either bright light laparoscopic resection (BLR) or fluorescence-guided laparoscopic resection (FLR). Fluorescence laparoscopy (FL) was performed with a Stryker L9000 LED light source 24 hours after tail vein injection of CEA antibodies conjugated to Alexa 488. Bright light laparoscopy (BL) was performed with a Stryker X8000 xenon light source. Pre- and postoperative images were taken with the Olympus OV-100 Small Animal Imaging System to assess completeness of resection. Postoperatively, whole body images were obtained to assess for recurrence and follow tumor progression. All resected tumors were collected for histologic review. Fluorescence laparoscopy with a 495-nm emission filter and an LED light source enabled real-time identification and localization of the brightly-fluorescent BxPC-3 RFP tumor additionally labeled with anti-CEA-Alexa 488. The combination of red and green fluorophores optimized the fluorescence signal of the tumor thereby enabling accurate distinction of tumor margins from normal surrounding tissue without compromising background illumination. Furthermore, adequate visualization of surrounding structures enabled surgical navigation for resection of primary pancreatic tumor. Tumor was more readily detected and resected under fluorescence guidance than under standard bright light. In addition, sub-millimeter lesions within the pancreas that were undetected by bright light laparoscopy were easily identified and resected by fluorescence laparoscopy. This study demonstrates the capabilities of laparoscopic fluorescence-guided surgery of primary pancreatic cancer. The optimal combination of fluorophores with the use of an LED light source enhanced the fluorescence tumor-to-background ratio while permitting enough light leakage for background illumination for surgical navigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 366. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-366
Infrastructure must replace focus on single diseases to speed up progress on health, says report
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

On the 50th anniversary of the creation of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation, its Development Assistance Committee is calling for a “new era” in the global strategy for achieving development goals.

It is time to “rethink the totality of development relationships,” said the committee’s chairman, Brian Atwood, former head of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), in an introduction to a special anniversary edition of the OECD’s annual development cooperation report.

The combination of increasing globalisation and the world’s changing economic geography means that the old division between the rich “North” (donor countries) and the poor “South” (recipients) has turned into a much more complex map. Better cooperation among …
Pathological responses to oncogenic Hedgehog signaling in skin are dependent on canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Steven Hoseong Yang, Thomas Andl, Vladimir Grachtchouk, Aiqin Wang, Jianhong Liu, Li Jyun Syu, Jenny Ferris, Timothy S. Wang, Adam B. Glick, Sarah E. Millar, Andrzej A. Dlugosz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Nutrition and Arthritis
Authors: Helen Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2006)

This book is a timely reminder that we are over half way through the Bone and Joint Decade (2000-2010), whose goal is to empower patients and improve quality of life. Experts in the field have tended to be sceptical about dietary approaches to arthritis but the authors argue that in the context of adverse side effects with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors the dietary approach may be the proper and safest approach for many sufferers. 

The focus is on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, since these are the most common (and costly) forms of over 200 types of arthritis. The …
Major antigenic epitopes of bullous pemphigoid 230 kDa antigen map within the C-terminal end of the protein. Evidence using a 55 kDa recombinant protein
Authors: M. GAUCHERAND, J-F. NICOLAS, G.PARANHOS BACCALA, J-P. ROUAULT, A. RÉANO, J-P. MAGAUD, J. THIVOLET, M. JOLIVET, D. SCHMITT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In order to obtain greater insight into the nature of B‐cell epitopes in bullous pemphigoid (BP), we generated a BP recombinant protein of 55 kDa Mr (rBP 55) from a cDNA sequence encoding for the carboxyterminal region of the 230 kDa BP antigen. Serum IgG from guinea‐pigs immunized with rBP 55 stained the basement membrane zone of normal human skin and immunoprecipitated the rBP 55 protein, and also the 230 kDa BP antigen recovered from extracts of cultured keratinocytes, thus confirming that the rBP 55 amino acid sequence is present in native BP antigen. The reactivity of sera from 60 patients with BP was analysed using an immunoblot assay on epidermal protein extracts and on the rBP 55 protein. Forty of the 60 BP sera (66%) contained autoantibodies to the 230 kDa polypeptide in an epidermal extract, and 37 of these 40 sera (92%) recognized the rBP 55 protein. In contrast, no reactivity against rBP 55 was detected with 20 BP sera devoid of autoantibodies against the 230 kDa antigen. Likewise, sera from patients with autoimmune blistering skin disorders other than BP (epidermolysis bullosa acquisita or pemphigus vulgaris), and control sera, were unreactive to rBP 55. These results clearly demonstrate the immunogenicity and antigenicity of the C‐terminal end of the 230 kDa BP antigen. They confirm that this 555 amino acid segment, corresponding to rBP 55, contains major epitopes which can bind BP patients' autoantibodies, and suggest that the rBP 55 protein could be useful for further characterization of these B‐cell epitopes.
Education and the Physician's Office Laboratory
Authors: Paul M. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The field of physicians' office laboratory testing has witnessed an increase in test volume and advances in technology, but little attention to educational issues. If this field is to continue to grow and to perform high-quality testing, primary care physicians will need to be trained in the role of laboratory director. Office staff will require "in the office" continuing education. Formal technician and technologist training will need to focus some attention on office test procedures. The development of these new educational programs will require the cooperative efforts of primary care physician educators, pathologists, allied health faculty, and the diagnostic equipment industry.
Interstitial Pneumonitis After Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: ROY S. WEINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Data from 932 patients with leukemia who received bone marrow transplants were analyzed to determine factors associated with an increased risk of developing interstitial pneumonitis. Interstitial pneumonitis developed in 268 patients for a 2-year actuarial incidence of 35 +/- 4% (SD) and with a mortality rate of 24%. Six factors were associated with an increased risk: use of methotrexate rather than cyclosporine after transplantation (relative risk, 2.3; p less than 0.0002); older age (relative risk, 2.1; p less than 0.0001); presence of severe graft-versus-host disease (relative risk, 1.9; p less than 0.003); long interval from diagnosis to transplantation (relative risk, 1.6; p less than 0.002); performance ratings before transplantation of less than 100% (relative risk, 2.1; p less than 0.0001); and high dose-rates of irradiation in patients given methotrexate after transplantation (relative risk, 3.2; p less than 0.03). The risk of developing interstitial pneumonitis ranged from 8% in patients with none of these adverse risk factors to 94% in patients with all six. These findings may help to identify patients at high risk for this complication.
Effect of heparin on plasma fibrinopeptide A in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: G Mombelli, V Im Hof, A Haeberli, P W Straub
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The plasma level of fibrinopeptide A (fpA) was used as an index of thrombin action on fibrinogen in order to investigate the rates of fibrin formation and the effect of heparin on thrombin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The fpA levels measured on admission in 19 patients with acute myocardial infarction ranged from 1.7 to 12.4 ng/ml and were elevated (greater than 2.5 ng/ml) in 16 patients. A loading dose of 5000 IU of heparin resulted in a significant decrease within 20 min of the mean fpA level (from 5.1 to 2.2 ng/ml; p less than .001) and in an fpA normalization in five of 16 patients. During the following continuous infusion of 20,000 IU of heparin per day, the mean fpA levels measured on day 0, 1, and 2 were 3.0, 3.2, and 3.4 ng/ml, respectively, with 16 of 46 fpA values within the normal range. In 10 additional patients, the effect of higher concentrations of heparin and the consequences of stopping heparin infusion were studied. An additional 5000 IU of heparin injected intravenously during continuous infusion of 20,000 IU of heparin per day resulted in a substantial decrease of the plasma fpA level in three of 10 measurements. The stopping of heparin infusion led to an impressive increase of the mean fpA level (from 3.1 to 12.9 ng/ml; p less than .001) within 2 hr. These data demonstrate increased fibrin formation in patients with acute myocardial infarction and neutralization of thrombin in vivo by heparin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gastric epithelium in the duodenum
Authors: A. H. James
Journal: Gut (1964)

It has been found that a ;gastric' type of epithelium tends to develop in the first part of the duodenum in patients with duodenal ulceration and is found in the second part of the duodenum in a patient with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is likely that ;gastric' epithelium appears when the duodenal acidity is high and it is resistant to ulceration.
Atrial stretch, not pressure, is the principal determinant controlling the acute release of atrial natriuretic factor.
Authors: B S Edwards, R S Zimmerman, T R Schwab, D M Heublein, J C Burnett
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The current studies were designed to investigate the mechanisms in the intact anesthetized dog that control the release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). In vitro, mechanical stretch of atrial tissue produces an increased release of ANF. In vivo, changes in atrial pressure correlate positively with circulating ANF levels. The present investigations used 6 open-chest anesthetized dogs to evaluate the role of atrial pressure versus atrial stretch, the latter determined by atrial transmural pressure, in the release of ANF. In a paired design, animals underwent cardiac tamponade followed by constriction of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Tamponade produces a balanced increase in intra-atrial and pericardial pressures. Thus, despite an elevated atrial pressure, there is no increase in transmural pressure producing atrial stretch. Great artery constriction increases intra-atrial but not pericardial pressure, resulting in an increase in atrial transmural pressure and atrial stretch. Cardiac tamponade increased right atrial pressure (0.8 +/- 0.3 to G.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (3.7 +/- 0.6 to 8.8 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, P less than 0.001). Constriction of the aorta and pulmonary artery also increased right atrial pressure (1.5 +/- 0.8 to 6.3 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (4.6 +/- 0.3 to 7.8 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Atrial transmural pressure increased only during great artery constriction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ADAMTSL2 mutations in geleophysic dysplasia demonstrate a role for ADAMTS-like proteins in TGF-β bioavailability regulation
Authors: Carine Le Goff, Fanny Morice-Picard, Nathalie Dagoneau, Lauren W Wang, Claire Perrot, Yanick J Crow, Florence Bauer, Elisabeth Flori, Catherine Prost-Squarcioni, Deborah Krakow, Gaoxiang Ge, Daniel S Greenspan, Damien Bonnet, Martine Le Merrer, Arnold Munnich, Suneel S Apte, Valérie Cormier-Daire
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Patellar taping does not change the amplitude of electromyographic activity of the vasti in a stair stepping task
Authors: S M Cowan, P W Hodges, K M Crossley, K L Bennell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

Objectives: To investigate the effect of patellar taping on the amplitude of electromyographic activity (EMG) of vasti activation in subjects with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP). Methods: Ten participants with PFP and 12 asymptomatic controls were recruited to the study. The study was designed as a randomised crossover trial. Participants completed a stair stepping task. Three experimental conditions were assessed: no tape, therapeutic medially directed tape, and placebo vertically directed tape. The main outcome measure was the EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis during the concentric phase of stair stepping. Results: The application of medially directed therapeutic tape significantly decreased pain in subjects with PFP. However, application of tape over the patella (therapeutic or placebo) did not alter the amplitude of vasti EMG when either the PFP or control participants completed the concentric stair stepping task. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the positive clinical effects of medially directed therapeutic tape are not due to changes in EMG amplitude of the vasti muscle. Thus other effects such as changes in timing of contraction of the vasti are more likely candidates for the mechanism of efficacy.
Hypoglycemic neuronal death is triggered by glucose reperfusion and activation of neuronal NADPH oxidase
Authors: Sang Won Suh, Elizabeth T. Gum, Aaron M. Hamby, Pak H. Chan, Raymond A. Swanson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Hypoglycemic coma and brain injury are potential complications of insulin therapy. Certain neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex are uniquely vulnerable to hypoglycemic cell death, and oxidative stress is a key event in this cell death process. Here we show that hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress and neuronal death are attributable primarily to the activation of neuronal NADPH oxidase during glucose reperfusion. Superoxide production and neuronal death were blocked by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin in both cell culture and in vivo models of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Superoxide production and neuronal death were also blocked in studies using mice or cultured neurons deficient in the p47(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase. Chelation of zinc with calcium disodium EDTA blocked both the assembly of the neuronal NADPH oxidase complex and superoxide production. Inhibition of the hexose monophosphate shunt, which utilizes glucose to regenerate NADPH, also prevented superoxide formation and neuronal death, suggesting a mechanism linking glucose reperfusion to superoxide formation. Moreover, the degree of superoxide production and neuronal death increased with increasing glucose concentrations during the reperfusion period. These results suggest that high blood glucose concentrations following hypoglycemic coma can initiate neuronal death by a mechanism involving extracellular zinc release and activation of neuronal NADPH oxidase.
Changing use of intensive care for HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Authors: J R Curtis, D L Greenberg, L D Hudson, L D Fisher, M R Krone, A C Collier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Clinicians' approach to acute respiratory failure from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is hypothesized to have gone through three phases: aggressive management due to an absence of data on prognosis (1981-84), withholding of intensive care based on a few small studies showing high case fatality (1985-87), and an increase in intensive care to an intermediate level (1988 forward). Unfortunately, studies of survival from acute respiratory failure among such patients have been small and have been limited to patients in the intensive care unit. To determine whether this three-phase scenario has empirical support, we performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and PCP at a university-affiliated municipal hospital from 1983 to 1990. We identified 180 patients, representing 218 episodes of PCP. The previously hypothesized relationship between intensive care and year of diagnosis was confirmed: intubation rates were 30% before 1985, 0% in 1987, and 12% after 1988 (p = 0.03). Among all patients, the percentage dying in the hospital without intensive care had the opposite relationship with year of diagnosis, increasing from 0% in 1984 to 21% in 1987 and then declining to 0% in 1990 (p = 0.001). Overall mortality from an episode of PCP was 25% and did not change significantly over time. Disease severity also did not change significantly over time. In summary, the significant swings in the use of intensive care for HIV-infected patients with PCP suggest that judgments about the futility of intensive care were strongly influenced by incorrect perceptions of survival.
Abstract 2147: The RRas2/TC21 GTPase is essential for breast tumorigenesis and lung metastasis
Authors: Romain M. Larive, Marta Cañamero, Xosé R. Bustelo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rras2/TC21 is a Ras superfamily GTPase with still unknown functions in vivo. Several observations suggest that this protein may be involved in tumorigenic processes. Thus, it has been shown that the expression of constitutively active RRas2 mutants leads to high levels of cell transformation in vitro. Moreover, this GTPase has been found overexpressed in a number of tumors, including lymphomas, oral and esophageal carcinoma, and breast cancer. To address the role of this protein in epithelial tumors, we have carried out an extensive characterization of this GTPase using RRas2 knockout mice and shRNA knockdown tumor cells. These studies revealed that RRas2 is not important for the development and/or malignant progression of skin and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Instead, we have observed that the RRas2 deficiency severily impairs breast cancer tumorigenesis and the tropism of metastatic cancer cells to the lung. The characterization of the role of RRas2 in primary tumorigenesis indicates that this GTPase is important for the proliferation and angiogenesis of tumors. In the case of metastasis, RRas2 is important for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells in the lung parenchyma. By contrast, this GTPase is not required for the lymph node infiltration, intravasation, or extravasation of cancer cells. Interestingly, the requirement of RRas2 is still maintained in breast cancer cells that express active mutants of K-Ras, indicating that RRas2 plays essential roles downstream of both Her2 and K-Ras. Signaling experiments indicate that RRas2 contributes to those processes by modulating the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ≤ and downstream targets such as Akt, FoxO1/FoxO3 and S6 ribosomal protein. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2147. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2147
Properties of endogenous somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and synthetic somatostatin in dog plasma.
Authors: J M Conlon, C B Srikant, E Ipp, V Schusdziarra, W Vale, R H Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the peripheral venous plasma of dogs and in their pancreatic and gastric venous effluents was characterized and compared with synthetic somatostatin. Both endogenuous plasma SLI and somatostatin added to plasma were eluted from Sephadex gels at pH 8.8 in the 150,000--200,000-mol wt region but at pH 2.5 both appeared in the 1,500--2,000-mol wt region. The SLI released from the isolated dog pancreas perfused with plasma-free buffer was eluted entirely as a 1,600-dalton polypeptide, but when the pancreas was perfused with plasma, SLI was eluted in the 150,000--200,000-mol wt zone. Affinity chromatography of plasma samples on immobilized antibodies directed against the central portion of the somatostatin molecule (residues 5--9 and 11) removed approximately equal to 90% of both endogenous SLI and somatostatin added to plasma, but neither was removed by affinity chromatography on antibodies directed against the NH2-terminal region of somatostatin (residues 1--4). The SLI from plasma and from pancreas perfusate isolated by affinity chromatography was identical in molecular size, charge, and immunometric properties to synthetic somatostatin. It is concluded that endogenous SLI is secreted by the pancreas and stomach in a form not distinguishable from synthetic somatostatin, but circulates in plasma bound to large molecular weight components; the NH2-terminal residues of somatostatin appear to be important in this binding.
A SINGLE CONTROLLED EXPOSURE TO SECOND HAND SMOKE DOES NOT ALTER THROMBOGENESIS OR CAUSE PLATELET ACTIVATION
Authors: Sundararajan Srikanth, Kamal Kotak, Richard Kiel, Rahat Bajwa, Eldon Swanson, Fridolin Sy, Waqas Aftab, Abhishek Tandon, John Ambrose
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
WORCESTER CHEST X-RAY SURVEY
Authors: Nicholas S. Scarcello
Journal: JAMA (1953)

To the Editor:  —The Worcester, Mass., chest x-ray survey was the 22nd of its kind conducted with the cooperation of the United States Public Health Service. The main object of these surveys has been to obtain roentgenograms of the entire population over the age of 15 years during a period of 5 years. This objective has not been reached, although the program is now in its eighth year. This type of survey is a service to the person of whom a film is made and to the persons close to him, but it is not an effective method for bringing a costly disease under control.  Our program was completed in September, 1952, and our statistics as of Dec. 3, 1952. The work required 3,000 volunteer workers of all classifications and professions. It is estimated that they supplied more than 300,000 hours of work, which, if paid at a minimal wage