tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter cinaedi–Associated Bacteremia and Cellulitis in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Julia A. Kiehlbauch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To define the clinical spectrum of illness associated with Helicobacter cinaedi infection in the United States and to determine associated epidemiologic risk factors and optimal laboratory methods for recovery of H. cinaedi. Design: A retrospective epidemiologic study of 23 patients with H. cinaedi–associated illness. Patients: 23 patients with H. cinaedi infection identified between January 1982 and August 1990. Most isolates (22 of 23) were from blood; one was from stool. Results: Ages ranged from 24 to 84 years (mean, 44 years). Eighty-three percent of patients were men; 17% were women. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from 21 patients. Eighteen patients were febrile (15 required hospitalization); cellulitis was reported in 9 patients. Sixty percent were immunocompromised; 45% were reported to be seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For bacteremic patients, positive blood cultures were detected by a slightly elevated growth index in an automated blood culture system; many hospital laboratories had difficulty isolating the organism. Conclusions: Helicobacter cinaedi appears to cause recurrent cellulitis with fever and bacteremia in immunocompromised hosts. Blood cultures from immunocompromised patients with these symptoms may need special handling to isolate H. cinaedi.
Etiological Factors and Premature Aging
Authors: John M. Knox
Journal: JAMA (1962)

AGING IS an interesting subject which is receiving increasing attention in many fields. There is an ever-enlarging body of information which indicates that many of the phenomena which were previously regarded as "natural" processes resulting from old age are actually due to specific disease processes. The changes occurring with arteriosclerosis are prime examples. Factors contributing to aging and premature aging of the skin have not received adequate attention. There is now considerable evidence that sunlight is responsible for most of the visible degenerative changes that occur with the passage of time. The laxity and folding of the skin resulting from weight loss should not be confused with aging of the skin, although these occur most frequently in elderly, debilitated people. In Simmond's disease and in Werner's and related syndromes, patients may appear to be prematurely aged and the skin is found to be atrophie; but few studies of the skin
THE MEASUREMENT OF POST-TRANSFUSION SURVIVAL OF PRESERVED STORED HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES BY MEANS OF TWO ISOTOPES OF RADIO-ACTIVE IRON 1
Authors: John G. Gibson, Joseph C. Aub, Robley D. Evans, Wendell C. Peacock, John W. Irvine, Theodore Sack
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

The evaluation of the efficacy of whole blood transfusion in augmenting total red cell volume has always been of interest to physicians called upon to care for patients with hemorrhage, burns, blood dyscrasias, or traumatic shock. The establishment of blood banks, resulting in an increasing use of stored blood, has focused more attention on the problem. Military requirements have created a demand for the preservation of whole blood over far longer periods than are required for civilian purposes. The urgent need for better preservative solutions and for the selection of the best conditions for overseas air transport of whole blood for the Armed Forces made it imperative that an accurate method of measuring the post-transfusion survival of stored human erythrocytes be available. The morphological and chemical changes that take place in red cells during storage have been studied by several laboratory methods. The rate. of spontaneous hemolysis, changes in cell dimension, changes in the permeability of the cell membrane, changes in osmotic resistance to hypotonic solutions of NaCl, rate of diffusion of potassium, and disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism have all been proposed as in vitro tests for the evaluation of the ability of stored red cells to survive after transfusion. Each of these tests assays only changes in one functional characteristic of the. erythrocyte and it is for this reason that the opinion has been expressed that in vitro tests fail as a guide to the
Thrombolysis for Stroke-Reply
Authors: Vladmir Hachinski
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —"Seldom has the balance between deliverance and disaster been so finely poised."<sup>1</sup>Bringing patients with presumed stroke to immediate medical attention will give them the chance to benefit from therapy for conditions that mimic stroke, from a team approach centered around a stroke unit, and from being enrolled in clinical trials that provide the best available care and, also, a chance of a therapeutic effect. I aimed for a balanced Editorial. If I am to accept the label of "optimist" from Dr Pincus, I would have to cast him in the role of "skeptic" and say that, without optimists, there would be no progress and, without skeptics, there would be no proof.
Depletion of Jak2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm-propagating stem cells by interferon-α in a murine model of polycythemia vera
Authors: Ann Mullally, Claudia Bruedigam, Luke Poveromo, Florian H. Heidel, Amy Purdon, Therese Vu, Rebecca Austin, Dirk Heckl, Lawrence J. Breyfogle, Catherine Paine Kuhn, Demetrios Kalaitzidis, Scott A. Armstrong, David A. Williams, Geoff R. Hill, Benjamin L. Ebert, Steven W. Lane
Journal: Blood (2013)
L-tryptophan implicated in human eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome causes fasciitis and perimyositis in the Lewis rat.
Authors: L J Crofford, J I Rader, M C Dalakas, R H Hill, S W Page, L L Needham, L S Brady, M P Heyes, R L Wilder, P W Gold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Tryptophan-associated eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (L-TRP-EMS) is a newly described syndrome which occurred in epidemic fashion in the United States in the summer and fall of 1989. Epidemiologic data has linked the syndrome to intake of L-tryptophan (L-TRP) from one specific manufacturer, but the precise etiologic compound(s) must be established by replication of the syndrome in an appropriate animal model. In this study, implicated L-TRP, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade L-TRP, or vehicle was administered by gavage in a blinded fashion for 38 d to female Lewis rats at doses comparable with those ingested by patients who developed the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Animals receiving implicated L-TRP, but not those receiving USP grade L-TRP or vehicle, developed histologic signs consistent with fasciitis and perimyositis, specific pathologic features of human L-TRP-EMS. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was not observed. Hypothalamic corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA levels were lower and plasma corticosterone levels tended to be lower in the animals that received implicated L-TRP. Plasma L-kynurenine was higher in both L-TRP-treated groups compared to the vehicle-treated animals. The female Lewis rat is known to be susceptible to a wide variety of inflammatory diseases. Identification of specific inflammatory changes in this rat following exposure to implicated L-TRP indicates that this animal model will be important in subsequent investigations into the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of human L-TRP-EMS.
WHO report warns deaths from tobacco could rise beyond eight million a year by 2030
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Unless efforts are increased to stem the global tobacco epidemic, which currently kills 5.4 million people a year from lung cancer, heart disease, and other illnesses, the toll will rise to more than eight million by 2030, with most deaths occurring in poor countries, a World Health Organization report warns.

“Tragically, with more than 80% of those deaths occurring in the developing world, the epidemic will strike hardest in countries whose rapidly growing economies offer their citizens the hope of a better life,” said Margaret Chan, WHO director general.

But Dr Chan in a preface to …
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at the PRR3, ABCF1, and GNL1 Genes in the HLA Class I Region Are Associated with Graves' Ophthalmopathy in a Gender-Dependent Manner
Authors: Yu-Huei Liu, Yi-Ju Chen, Hsin-Hung Wu, Tzu-Yuan Wang, Fuu-Jen Tsai
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Thrombospondin-1 is not the major activator of TGF-β1 in thrombopoietin-induced myelofibrosis
Authors: Solène Evrard, Olivier Bluteau, Micheline Tulliez, Philippe Rameau, Patrick Gonin, Eva Zetterberg, Jan Palmblad, Arnaud Bonnefoy, Jean-Luc Villeval, William Vainchenker, Stéphane Giraudier, Orianne Wagner-Ballon
Journal: Blood (2010)
A promotional, educational intervention increased staff influenza vaccination in primary care
Authors: Roger Thomas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

ACP Journal Club21 December 2010A promotional, educational intervention increased staff influenza vaccination in primary careRoger Thomas, MD, PhDRoger Thomas, MD, PhDUniversity of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.T.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-12-201012210-02002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationAbramson ZH, Avni O, Levi O, Miskin IN. Randomized trial of a program to increase staff influenza vaccination in primary care clinics. Ann Fam Med. 2010;8:293-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20644183Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Infectious Disease: References1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal influenza—United States, 1976-2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010;59:1057-62. [PMID: 20798667] Google Scholar2 Thomas RE, Jefferson T, Lasserson TJ. Influenza vaccination for healthcare workers who work with the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010:CD005187. [PMID: 20166073] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.T.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 December 2010. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 December 2010Volume 153, Issue 12Page: JC6-2KeywordsLong-term careMedical staffMorbidityMultivariate analysisVaccines ePublished: 21 December 2010 Issue Published: 21 December 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Law of Private Imprisonment: Fifty Dark Years for the Mentally Ill in Japan
Authors: Y. KUMASAKA, S. YOSHIOKA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

In Japan from 1900 to 1950 the so-called law of private imprisonment provided for the confinement of the mentally ill in private cells. The authors describe the conditions to which the mentally ill were subjected during this time, with special reference to the political and social origins of the legislation.
347 NONINVASIVE LABORATORY TESTS DESIGNED FOR EVALUATE FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C ARE USEFUL IN NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE
Authors: C. Ivantes, R. Nones, A. Pissaia, M. Godoy, T. Furlan, V. Menegassi, R. Guzela, M.L. Pedroso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Effect of check ups every three years
Authors: A. M Tree
Journal: BMJ (1990)

the communities integrate.In the mean time it is clear that we should direct our attention towards ensuring that those women at increased risk of fetal malformations are offered preconceptual advice and, in the case of neural tube defects, perhaps periconceptual vitamin supplementation.'They should also be encouraged to book early for antenatal care so that the relevant screening tests are available to them should they wish.
Ataxia-telangiectasia paradoxes: spotlight on post-zygotic chromosome instability in the brain and its contribution to neurodegeneration pathways
Authors: Yuri Yurov, Svetlana Vorsanova, Thomas Liehr, Ivan Yurov
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Background Ataxia-telangiectasia is a syndrome of chromosome instability (CIN) featured by progressive neurodegeneration affecting the cerebellumin in contrast to other brain areas. Previously, progressive neuronal death in AT was hypothesized to be driven by increased post-zygotic CIN in the cerebellum [1-3]. To assess the possible involvement of neural CIN in neurodegenerative pathways we have analyzed CIN in AT brain.
Impaired Arginine-Vasopressin Secretion Associated With Hypoangiotensinemia in Hypernatremic Dehydrated Elderly Patients
Authors: Toshihide Yamamoto
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Nine elderly patients, some with preceding dementia, presented with adipsia, progressive dehydration, impaired consciousness, and hypernatremia following common acute infections without gastrointestinal disturbance. Studies before rehydration revealed inappropriately low plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) levels for plasma osmolality, insufficiently concentrated urine, absolutely or relatively low plasma angiotensin II (A-II) concentrations (compared with plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin I concentrations), and low serum angiotensin I—converting enzyme activities. The plasma AVP concentrations were positively correlated with the plasma A-II concentrations (<i>r</i>=.677) but not with plasma osmolality. The plasma AVP level was raised by an intravenous infusion of A-II in one patient. These findings suggest the following sequence of events: impaired A-II production caused impairment of thirst perception, renal-concentrating capacity, and AVP secretion and contributed to development of hypernatremic dehydration in these elderly patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1039-1042)
THE DIAGNOSIS OF SMALL-POX AND CHICKEN-POX: A CONTRAST
Authors: G. R. Painton
Journal: BMJ (1923)

I MUDICAL J&MnArin the air were one of the -main causes of phthisis-an anticipation of modern thought.He laid much stress upon diet in the treatment of disease, made a large use of diluents, recommended plenty of fluid in fevers, popularized the use of Peruvian bark in ague and iron in chlorosis, advised plenty of fresh air in sick-rooms, and thought horseback exercise valuable both in nervous affections and in phthisis.Like the Greek physicians, he urged the
Clinical Trial Development as a Predictor of Accrual Performance—Letter
Authors: Anneke T. Schroen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

In the November 15, 2010 edition of Clinical Cancer Research, Cheng and colleagues describe an important finding, namely, the association between trial development time and accrual success (1). Their article also reports accrual success rates for NCI Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP)-sponsored trials. This publication formally publishes the finding that 40% of cancer clinical trials of all phases close due to poor accrual, which was cited in the Institute of Medicine report “A National Cancer Clinical Trials System for the 21st Century: Reinvigorating the NCI Cooperative Group Program” (2). This statistic has received considerable attention. Cheng's study also reports that 70.8% of phase III trials result in poor accrual.These are concerning statistics; however, they rely on a definition of sufficient accrual that is very restrictive for phase III trials and, as a consequence, may overemphasize the problem of poor accrual.The most important goal of a trial is to answer its intended question. There are several circumstances under which a phase III trial may answer its scientific question without achieving 100% of target accrual. In large trials, closing a few patients short of the intended goal may have no appreciable impact on the statistical power of the study. A study defining successful accrual in phase III trials as 90% or more of target accrual has recently been published (3). Trials may experience greater event rates than anticipated. Trials may close before attaining target accrual for ethically imperative reasons, such as reaching a conclusive finding at interim analysis or closure due to toxicity, both settings in which the scientific question is still addressed. In addition, the study of Cheng and colleagues includes trials still open to accrual, labeling those as successful if they have met 75% or more of target accrual after being open for at least 3 years. Particularly among phase III trials, it is questionable to assume that all trials not meeting this expectation will ultimately fail in accrual.In quantifying the impact of poor accrual, metrics incorporating the ability of a trial to address the primary endpoint are more reflective of the complexities and variability inherent in real trial conduct than metrics based on meeting accrual targets alone. It would be important to confirm the notable association of accrual success and development time identified here by Cheng and colleagues, using a less restrictive definition of accrual sufficiency. This would serve to bolster our expectations that reducing development time will translate into improved accrual success rates in the future.See the Response, p. 4615No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Can Lung Cancer be Cured by Irradiation Alone?
Authors: Joseph Smart
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The published results of cases treated by irradiation alone are not encouraging. Hilton in 1955<sup>15</sup>reported eight patients out of 203 who survived five years following radiotherapy. Paterson et al in 1950<sup>16</sup>from the Christie Hospital, Manchester, England, reported seven patients out of 254 who survived five years. Dobbie in 1944<sup>17</sup>and Shorvon in 1947<sup>18</sup>reported a 2% survival rate for five years. However, Brooks et al in 1951<sup>19</sup>described four patients treated by irradiation only, who came to necropsy with no evidence of growth in the lung. These patients all had inoperable carcinomas and indicate that certain primary carcinomas can be treated and cured by irradiation alone. It must be remembered that the original figures quoted are patients treated by radiotherapy who were considered unsuitable for surgery for one reason or another. Operable patients treated at the Bromptom and the London Chest hospitals showed
Even Low, Regular Alcohol Use Increases the Risk of Dying of Cancer
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infections in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated with Fludarabine
Authors: Elias J. Anaissie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Fludarabine, a purine analogue with activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is usually well tolerated. Although serious infections after fludarabine therapy have been described, a systematic analysis of the risk factors for such infections in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is lacking.To determine the risk factors for major infection in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with fludarabine.Retrospective review of medical records.Cancer center.402 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia not previously treated or treated with chlorambucil (with or without prednisone) who received fludarabine (30 mg/m2 of body surface area per day for 5 days) with or without prednisone at 4-week intervals.Infections occurred more often in previously treated (144 of 248 [58%]) than in previously untreated (53 of 154 [34%]) patients (P < 0.001). Listeriosis or pneumocystosis occurred in 12 of 170 (7%) previously treated patients receiving fludarabine plus prednisone, 0 of 78 previously treated patients receiving fludarabine alone, and 2 of 154 (1%) previously untreated patients receiving fludarabine plus prednisone (P = 0.003). Univariate analysis identified previous chemotherapy, advanced disease, failure to respond to fludarabine, elevated serum beta2-microglobulin level (P < 0.001), low serum albumin level (P = 0.024), elevated serum creatinine concentration (P = 0.008), and low granulocyte count (P = 0.003) as risk factors for infection. Multivariate analysis identified Rai stage III or IV (odds ratio, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.17 to 3.94]), previous treatment (odds ratio, 2.24 [CI, 1.43 to 3.51]), and elevated serum creatinine concentration (odds ratio, 1.98 [CI, 1.09 to 3.67]) as statistically significant independent risk factors for major infection. A baseline granulocyte count of more than 1000 cells/microL was protective (odds ratio, 0.54 [CI, 0.29 to 0.99]). Five (26%) of 19 patients with a CD4 count less than 50 cells/mL developed cutaneous zoster compared with 9 (6%) of 139 patients with a CD4 count greater than 50 cells/mL (P = 0.01).Fludarabine used in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia may be associated with infections involving T-cell dysfunction, such as listeriosis, pneumocystosis, mycobacterial infections, and opportunistic fungal and viral infections. Prophylaxis or presumptive therapy should be initiated in the appropriate setting.
<i>CYP-2C19*2</i> Predicts Favorable Outcome of Tamoxifen Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer.
Authors: P. Berns, M. Kok, F. Sweep, M. Look, C. Seynaeve, J. Lindemans, L. vantVeer, P. Span, S. Sleijfer, J. Foekens, S. Linn, R. van Schaik
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Tamoxifen is metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to active metabolites. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotypes have been reported to be associated with therapy outcome of adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer. Effects, however, were inconsistent and no data for advanced disease is available.We studied the association of functional polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 with outcome of tamoxifen for advanced breast cancer.This multicenter study was performed on genomic DNA of 499 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, retrospectively collected, primary breast tumor specimens of patients treated with first-line tamoxifen therapy for advanced disease.Primary endpoint was the time to treatment failure (TTF). Genomic DNA was analysed with Taqman allele-discrimination assays.A pooled analysis of three independent patient cohorts showed a longer TTF for CYP2C19*2 carriers, encoding lower enzymatic activity, compared to non-carriers (Hazard ratio (HR) (95% Confidence Interval (CI)): 0.71 (0.57-0.90), p=0.004). Neither the ultra-active CYP2C19*17 nor the inactive CYP2D6*4 allele were associated with TTF.In a pooled multivariable analysis, stratified for centre and time between primary diagnosis and occurrence of metastases, corrected for menopausal status at treatment start, adjuvant chemotherapy and CYP2D6*4 status, CYP2C19*2 was independently associated with TTF (HR (95% CI): 0.73 (0.58-0.91), p=0.007).CYP2D6*4 and CYP2C19*2 gene status were not prognostic for breast cancer outcome.In conclusion, CYP2C19*2 is associated with a longer time to treatment failure in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen for advanced disease.Our finding on the involvement of CYP2C19 in tamoxifen metabolism opens new avenues for further treatment individualisation and new management strategies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4036.