tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tissue Cytokine Patterns in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Cornelia M. Weyand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To analyze temporal artery specimens from patients with giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica for the presence of inflammatory cytokines and to ascertain whether a specific cytokine pattern exists for the two conditions. Design: Case series of patients having temporal artery biopsy procedures. Setting: The outpatient clinic and the research laboratories of the Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic. Patients: 34 patients having temporal artery biopsy procedures: 15 patients had giant cell arteritis, 9 had polymyalgia rheumatica without evidence of vasculitis, and 10 had neither polymyalgia rheumatica nor vasculitis. Measurement: Temporal artery specimens were analyzed for in vivo presence of cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) by polymerase chain reaction with cytokine-specific primer sets. Results: Vasculitic lesions in giant cell arteritis samples were characterized by in situ production of interleukin-1 β, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β 1 mRNA (indicative of macrophage activation) and by interferon-γ and interleukin-2 mRNA (indicative of selective T-cell activation). However, macrophage- and T-cell-derived cytokines were also detected in temporal artery biopsy specimens from patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Tissue-infiltrating T cells in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica samples each had distinctive lymphokine profiles. Although interferon-γ was found in 67% of giant cell arteritis samples, polymyalgia rheumatica samples had only interleukin-2. Conclusions: Patients with polymyalgia rheumatica have vascular involvement. Patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis share in situ production of mRNA specific for macrophage-derived cytokines. T cells recruited to vasculitic lesions in patients with giant cell arteritis predominantly produce interleukin-2 and interferon-γ. Patients with polymyalgia rheumatica do not have interferon-γ production, suggesting that interferon-γ may be involved in the progression to overt arteritis.
The Melanoma-Upregulated Long Noncoding RNA <i>SPRY4-IT1</i> Modulates Apoptosis and Invasion
Authors: Divya Khaitan, Marcel E. Dinger, Joseph Mazar, Joanna Crawford, Martin A. Smith, John S. Mattick, Ranjan J. Perera
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

The identification of cancer-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the investigation of their molecular and biological functions are important to understand the molecular biology of cancer and its progression. Although the functions of lncRNAs and the mechanisms regulating their expression are largely unknown, recent studies are beginning to unravel their importance in human health and disease. Here, we report that a number of lncRNAs are differentially expressed in melanoma cell lines in comparison to melanocytes and keratinocyte controls. One of these lncRNAs, SPRY4-IT1 (GenBank accession ID AK024556), is derived from an intron of the SPRY4 gene and is predicted to contain several long hairpins in its secondary structure. RNA-FISH analysis showed that SPRY4-IT1 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of melanoma cells, and SPRY4-IT1 RNAi knockdown results in defects in cell growth, differentiation, and higher rates of apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Differential expression of both SPRY4 and SPRY4-IT1 was also detected in vivo, in 30 distinct patient samples, classified as primary in situ, regional metastatic, distant metastatic, and nodal metastatic melanoma. The elevated expression of SPRY4-IT1 in melanoma cells compared to melanocytes, its accumulation in cell cytoplasm, and effects on cell dynamics, including increased rate of wound closure on SPRY4-IT1 overexpression, suggest that the higher expression of SPRY4-IT1 may have an important role in the molecular etiology of human melanoma.
A CASE OF CHOLESTERIN STONES TN THE BRAIN AND CORD.
Authors: E. E. SOUTHARD
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Following is a case of multiple cholesterin concretions found at autopsy in the brain and cord of a man who showed in life no signs referable thereto. About the masses there was a fibrillary overgrowth of neuroglia. The patient was under clinical observation at the Boston City Hospital for a little over three weeks in the spring of 1904, on the medical service of Dr. C. F. Withington, whom I wish to thank for the use of his records. The patient was a man of 56, with extensive peripheral arteriosclerosis. For the most part he presented a plain history of cardiac disease growing worse: orthopnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, edema, all coming on in irregular spells, together with gradual enlargement of the heart area and feebleness of heart action, slight albuminuria, a fairly constant demonstration of a soft blowing systolic murmur at the apex transmitted to the axilla, and gradual development of
Treatment of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia with 1,4-Dimethanesulfonyloxybutane (Myleran)
Authors: Robert F. Schilling, Ovid O. Meyer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

HADDOW and Timmis1 observed that 1,4-dimethanesulfonyloxybutane§ inhibited the growth of certain transplanted animal tumors and lowered the neutrophil count of the animals receiving the compounds. The structural formula of the drug is as follows: Galton2 and Galton and Till3 presented the most extensive reports of its uses in the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia. At least two reports4 , 5 and two abstracts6 , 7 describing its use have appeared in the American literature. The general opinion expressed in the above reports is that the compound is a relatively safe, usually effective palliative agent in chronic granulocytic leukemia. Substantiated claims for prolongation of life . . .
Reward-Based Incentives for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Kevin G. Volpp, Robert Galvin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Health care payers have an increasing interest in using financial incentives to change personal health behaviors, with an estimated 82% of employers using financial incentives for healthy behavior in 2013.1 Several factors are fueling this increased interest: steadily increasing costs that have been resistant to traditional forms of control, the realization that the majority of costs are driven by chronic conditions, which are themselves in large part a result of lifestyle choices, and emerging reports that incentives have successfully modified behaviors in a variety of contexts.2,3 In addition, the Affordable Care Act allows employers to use up to 30% of total premiums (50% if programs include smoking) for outcomes-based rewards or penalties.4
Oncogenes and Breast Cancer
Authors: Marc E. Lippman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Research that analyzes prognostic variables in breast cancer can find clinically important associations although it cannot prove causal relations. Disease-associated variables that predict relapse and survival are particularly needed for neoplasms such as breast cancer, in which prophylactic but potentially toxic adjuvant therapy may improve survival. Identification of these variables is needed as much to exclude the patients who should be spared the rigors of therapy as to select those who should be treated.The greatest hope for cancer research projects, particularly those at the biochemical level, is that they will lead to the identification of causative genetic elements that . . .
TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX WITH INTERSTITIAL RADIATION
Authors: ROSCOE W. TEAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In 1898 Wertheim introduced the principle of extended radical abdominal panhysterectomy for the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix, but this procedure carried with it a high mortality. Good results were obtained only when the disease was discovered in an early stage. Soon after this, radiation was used, x-rays in 1902 and radium in 1906. The early results obtained from x-radiation alone were very poor, owing at least in part to the failure to penetrate the tissues deeply. In fact, the first favorable reports of the treatment of this disease with radiation came from the use of radium alone. The method most frequently used in applying radium has been that in which it is placed in the uterine canal and in the vagina against the cervix. For the great majority of patients in whom one or both broad ligaments have become involved the central portion of the disease may be
Common variants in the lipoprotein lipase gene, but not those in the insulin receptor substrate[ndash ]1, the [beta ]3-adrenergic receptor, and the intestinal fatty acid binding protein-2 genes, influence the lipid phenotypic expression in familial combined hyperlipidemia
Authors: Filomena Campagna, Anna Montali, Marco Giorgio Baroni, Antonini Teresa Maria, Giorgio Ricci, Roberto Antonini, Roberto Verna, Marcello Arca
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Finlay A. McAlister
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 May 1995Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary AldosteronismFinlay A. McAlister and Richard LewanczukFinlay A. McAlisterSearch for more papers by this author and Richard LewanczukSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-10-199505150-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The article by Blumenfeld and colleagues [1] described the diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Although we agree with most of their conclusions, we dispute their assertion that the presence of a unilateral adrenal mass in a patient with primary aldosteronism is an indication for surgery. We suggest that “all that glitters is not gold” because adrenal masses in patients with primary aldosteronism are not always hypersecreting aldosteronomas. We do not believe that the incidence of adrenal incidentalomas or macronodular hyperplasia in patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia is inconsequential.Previous studies [2] have suggested that as many ...References1. Blumenfeld JD, Sealey JE, Schlussel Y, Vaughan ED Jr, Sos TA, Atlas S, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:877-85. Google Scholar2. Abecassis M, McLoughlin MJ, Langer B, Kudlow JE. Serendipitous adrenal masses: prevalence, significance, and management. Am J Surg. 1985; 149:783-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 10Page: 800-801KeywordsAdrenalectomyAldosteroneBiopsyComputed axial tomographySpecificitySurgeryVeins Issue Published: 15 May 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Lung T-cell responses to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Paul T. King, Steven Lim, Adrian Pick, James Ngui, Zdenka Prodanovic, William Downey, Cliff Choong, Anthony Kelman, Elizabeth Baranyai, Michelle Francis, Randall Moshinsky, Philip G. Bardin, Peter W. Holmes, Stephen R. Holdsworth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
TUBERCULOSIS OF THE TESTIS IN A CHILD
Authors: JOSEPH S. EISENSTAEDT
Journal: JAMA (1922)

as a result of which a small lumen was formed in the center of the tumor through which the barium emulsion passed.Figure 4 shows the new canal at A. CONCLUSIONSBoth the method itself and the two cases reported are too recent to indicate the final results of this method of radium therapy in cancer.The efficiency of the method, however, is evidenced by the results obtained in these two cases, as well as in several others which will be reported later.The patients make an unevent¬ ful recovery, and there is no rise in temperature, and no peritoneal irritation or subsequent sloughing of tissue.In a word, the insertion of radium emanation does not add in the least to the hazard of the operation.At the same time, the tumors diminish in size considerably.This shrinkage takes place gradually in the course of from six to eight weeks after the operation.Inoperable carcinoma of the gastro-intestinal tract presents the most hope¬ less type of cancer.Sur¬ face applications of ra¬ dium alone is ineffectual in the majority of cases.Deep high voltage roent¬ gen-ray therapy does not influence this class of cases, and is followed frequently in my experi¬ ence, as well as in that of other investigators, by se¬ vere cachexia.Thus the method of intratumoral insertion of radium emanation pro¬ duces no general delete¬ rious effect on the or¬ ganism, and at the same time in every instance causes a shrinkage of the tumor mass.The method seems, therefore, to be of great promise, and should be tested by Fig. 4 (Case 2).-Tumor of transverse colon after radium treatment: A, new canal formed between the two ends of the colon.all surgeons and radiotherapeutists who are in a position to obtain the capillary tubes of radium emanation.119 West Seventy-First Street.Medical Teaching in Mexico.-Fornearly three centuries, medical teaching in Mexico was in charge of the royal proto- physicians.These, in addition to supervising public health and the practice of medicine, taught the subjects at the university and examined applicants.This practice lasted until Mexico proclaimed its independence from Spain, when the so-called papal university was closed.In 1823 and 1825 bills providing for the organization of a medical school were passed but no action was taken until a physician, Dr. V. Gómez Farias, became president of the republic and ordered in a decree, dated Oct. 23, 1833, the foundation of the school.This was done on Dec. 4, 1833.
BMA sets out its proposals for the future of general practice
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2010)

GPs should be at the centre of drawing up public health policies which can be piloted to try to reduce health inequalities, the BMA’s general practitioners’ committee has suggested.

The proposal is just one of 50 recommendations for the future of general practice in the United Kingdom, in a new report published by GP leaders in light of the imminent general election.

Fit for the future—the evolution of general practice , makes recommendations in a wide range of areas including out of hours care, the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), workforce and information technology.

It also sets …
A Molecular Link between the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and the Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Peter J. Schwartz, Silvia G. Priori, Robert Dumaine, Carlo Napolitano, Charles Antzelevitch, Marco Stramba-Badiale, Todd A. Richard, Maria Rosaria Berti, Raffaella Bloise
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) remains the leading cause of death in the first year of life and has a devastating impact on the affected families.1–4 Despite the fact that there have been many hypotheses,3,4 the cause or causes of SIDS are still uncertain; as a consequence, the only preventive measure recommended is to avoid having infants sleep in a prone position.5 In 1998, we reported the results of a 19-year prospective study of more than 34,000 infants who underwent electrocardiography on the third or fourth day of life.6 We tested the hypothesis7,8 that the congenital . . .
Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than 5 cm in relation to treatment: Study of 100 patients
Authors: Kunihiko Ohnishi, Yuichi Tanabe, Munemasa Ryu, Kaichi Isono, Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Sadahito Usui, Yoshiaki Hiyama, Nobuaki Goto, Shosuke Iwama, Shujiro Sugita, Fumio Nomura, Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

A total of 100 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma, ≤5 cm in diameter, seen during the last 8 years were analyzed retrospectively for survival time in relation to treatment and Child's grading. When analyzed with respect to major treatment modalities without considering stage, the median survival was 35.0 months for 34 patients treated by surgery, 28.8 months for 20 patients treated by transcatheter arterial embolization, 10.6 months for 25 patients treated by intraarterial chemotherapy and 9.7 months for 17 patients who received no specific treatment. When patients were divided into three stages without considering treatment, the median survival was 37.1 months for 37 Child's A patients, 16.2 months for 36 Child's B patients and 1.6 months for 27 Child's C patients. These results suggest that the prognosis depended on treatment given and the Child's grade. The effects of major therapeutic modalities on survival were analyzed with regard to Child's grading. Among Child's A patients, the actuarial survival rate for surgery was better than that for transcatheter arterial embolization and for arterial chemotherapy. Among Child's B patients, the survival rate for transcatheter arterial embolization was better than for other treatments. Among Child's C patients, there was no significant difference in survival rate regardless of treatment and its modality. These results suggest that surgery may be indicated as a first choice in Child's A patients, transcatheter arterial embolization in Child's B patients, and there is no effective treatment in Child's C patients. The major cause of death was hepatic failure irrespective of treatment.
Earthbound female `astronauts' aid the men who go aloft
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

They weren't kidding when they called it<i>man</i>ned space flight. Only two women, both Russians, have flown in space in the nearly 22 years since the first human launching. Still, at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Ames Research Center near San Francisco, women have been consistent volunteers for space-related medical studies that can be conducted without flight. These studies, particularly of the effects of prolonged weightlessness and how this may affect astronauts upon reentering earth's gravity, have been going on since the 1960s (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:1638; 1980;244:754). The last in the current series will be conducted in the fall of 1983 with eight women volunteers. The most recent study was completed last November. Eight women aged 30 to 45 years were tested in a simulated weightless environment that involved lying seven straight days in bed with their heads lowered 6° They below their feet. Such a position
A SURVEY OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AT CAMP ROBERTS, CALIFORNIA
Authors: ROBERT M. SHELTON
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In the early months of the development of Camp Roberts, among the many cases of acute respiratory illness receiving treatment at the Station Hospital, 2 cases of primary coccidioidomycosis were discovered. Camp Roberts lies on the western slope of the Coast Range Mountains of California, separated from the San Joaquin Valley by that range, and since this area had not previously been known to harbor the disease as an endemic focus a survey was undertaken to determine the extent of the disease locally, the results of which survey constitute the body of this report. <h3>INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL DATA</h3> Dr. Emmet Rixford of San Francisco reported in 1894<sup>1</sup>a case of malignant ulcer of the skin caused by an agent which he and Gilchrist<sup>2</sup>named Coccidioides. This was the first report of this disease entity in the American literature, though the same disease had apparently been described in 1892
Antihistamines and Diphenylhydantoin-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia
Authors: F. C. Sturmer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

WITHIN the last year, two reports1 , 2 have been published in this journal concerning the effectiveness of antihistamines as a form of therapy for the gingival hyperplasia that is frequently seen in those who are being treated with diphenylhydantoin sodium for convulsive disorders.The first1 of the two reported on the cases of 2 children, boys of twelve and six years old, who were treated for allergic conditions with chlorprophenpyridamine maleate in a sustained-release form. Both the children had gingival hyperplasia that was thought to be due to treatment with diphenylhydantoin. This hyperplasia was reported as completely cleared within two months . . .
New screening test for colorectal cancer developed in Canada
Authors: B. J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1979)

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Cell replacement therapy—are MAPCs the answer?
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Inherited blood disorders could be a thing of the past. Serafini et al. report on page 129 that multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs), produced in vitro from bone marrow, have blood-building capacity in immune-deficient mice.






Figure 1

MAPC-derived cells (green) restock the lymph nodes of an immunocompromised mouse.




The full complement of blood cell types arises from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow. The ability of these cells to both self-renew and to produce daughter cells capable of any hematopoietic fate makes them an attractive resource for cell replacement therapy for blood and immune disorders. However, as with adult stem cells from other tissues, long-term culturing of these cells has proven difficult.

MAPCs, on the other hand, can divide seemingly endlessly in culture. These cells, which can give rise to multiple cell types, were discovered by chance when Catherine Verfaillie's group was trying to culture another type of adult stem cell. The group now shows that MAPCs can reconstitute hematopoietic compartments in vivo just as well as HSCs. Indeed they can even give rise to HSCs themselves.

The team irradiated mice to knock out their immune cells and then injected traceable MAPCs. MAPC-derived cells were detectable in the bone marrow, spleen, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes of recipient mice and expressed appropriate B, T, and myeloid cell surface markers. Furthermore, MAPC-derived B and T cells were shown to be functional by their production of immunoglobulin and response to T cell receptor stimulus, respectively.

The team showed that MAPCs also gave rise to functional long-term HSCs. Transfer of bone marrow cells from the primary recipient mice into new irradiated mice once again led to hematopoietic reconstitution, as did a third round of transfer from these secondary mice to tertiary recipients.

None of the recipient mice in the study developed tumors, even though some of the MAPCs they received were genetically abnormal because of long-term culturing. Genotyping of the recipients' peripheral blood revealed normal karyotypes, leading Verfaillie to suggest that the genetically abnormal MAPCs were somehow cleared by the body.

The risk of tumor development from transplanted embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is an ongoing concern for their use in therapy. The potential of long-term culture followed by tumor-free cell transfer thus gives MAPCs a therapeutic advantage over both ESCs and HSCs.