tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Problems in measurement of erythrocyte calcium
Authors: Ed. A. O'Rear, Mark M. Udden, Larry V. McIntire, Edward C. Lynch
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

As calcium has increasingly been the object of study in erythrocyte physiology, we reviewed the current methodologies for determination of calcium by atomic absorption spectrometry. The published normal values for erythrocyte calcium vary from 5 to 500 mumol/liter of packed cells. A method based on Harrison and Long's determination of calcium is presented and shows normal red cell calcium concentration to be 0.0149 +/- 0.0023 mumol/ml of packed red cells. The influence of temperature and type of crucible used in ashing red cells is assessed. The method of additions is employed to corroborate our results.
General practitioners with special clinical interests: Evidence for effectiveness exists
Authors: D. A Fitzmaurice
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Artificial intelligence (AI) methods for constructing structural models of proteins on the basis of their sequence are having a transformative effect in biomolecular sciences. The AlphaFold protein structure database makes available hundreds of thousands of protein structures. However, all these structures lack cofactors essential for their structural integrity and molecular function (e.g. hemoglobin lacks a bound heme), key ions essential for structural integrity (e.g. zinc-finger motifs) or catalysis (e.g. Ca<sup>2+</sup> or Zn<sup>2+</sup> in metalloproteases), and ligands that are important for biological function (e.g. kinase structures lack ADP or ATP). Here, we present AlphaFill, an algorithm based on sequence and structure similarity, to “transplant” such “missing” small molecules and ions from experimentally determined structures to predicted protein models. These publicly available structural annotations are mapped to predicted protein models, to help scientists interpret biological function and design experiments.
A NEW EAR AND NASAL SYRINGE
Authors: W. B. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In the treatment of the nose and ear, the necessity for a good syringe is generally recognized. My experience with the piston syringe has been unsatisfactory, and the fountain syringe or irrigating can are unpractical. I have had Becton, Dickinson & Co. modify their Asepto syringe to make it more suitable for our purposes, and find it most satisfactory. This modification consists of a curved, blunt nozzle which enables the physician to hold the syringe in a perpendicular position, thereby increasing its efficiency.  The advantages of this syringe are: It is inexpensive, simple in construction, and easy to sterilize; it is manipulated with one hand; it is self-filling; it gives an even, steady stream instead of squirting the solution into the nose or ear in jerks, as in the case of a piston syringe which is not in perfect order; there is no odor of lubricating oil or leather washers,
Mother sues health authority after murder by discharged patient
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The mother of a 4 year old girl who was abducted, sexually assaulted, and murdered by a mentally ill patient launched a High Court action in London last week against the NHS trust responsible for his release.

The case is believed to be the first damages claim in Britain against a health authority or NHS trust by a relative of a released patient's murder victim. The girl's mother, Beverley Palmer, issued a writ for negligence against Tees Health Authority and Hartlepool and East Durham NHS …
Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency settings in Brazil: pragmatic randomised controlled trial of intramuscular haloperidol versus intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine
Authors: Gisele Huf, E S F Coutinho, C E Adams
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether haloperidol alone results in swifter and safer tranquillisation and sedation than haloperidol plus promethazine. <b>Design</b> Pragmatic randomised open trial (January-July 2004). <b>Setting</b> Psychiatric emergency room, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. <b>Participants</b> 316 patients who needed urgent intramuscular sedation because of agitation, dangerous behaviour, or both. <b>Interventions</b> Open treatment with intramuscular haloperidol 5-10 mg or intramuscular haloperidol 5-10 mg plus intramuscular promethazine up to 50 mg; doses were at the discretion of the prescribing clinician. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was proportion tranquil or asleep by 20 minutes. Secondary outcomes were asleep by 20 minutes; tranquil or asleep by 40, 60, and 120 minutes; physically restrained or given additional drugs within 2 hours; severe adverse events; another episode of agitation or aggression; additional visit from the doctor during the subsequent 24 hours; overall antipsychotic load in the first 24 hours; and still in hospital after 2 weeks. <b>Results</b> Primary outcome data were available for 311 (98.4%) people, 77% of whom were thought to have a psychotic illness. Patients allocated haloperidol plus promethazine were more likely to be tranquil or asleep by 20 minutes than those who received intramuscular haloperidol alone (relative risk 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.55; number needed to treat 6, 95% confidence interval 4 to 16; P=0.002). No differences were found after 20 minutes. However, 10 cases of acute dystonia occurred, all in the haloperidol alone group. <b>Conclusions</b> Haloperidol plus promethazine is a better option than haloperidol alone in terms of speed of onset of action and safety. Enough data are now available to change guidelines that continue to recommend treatments that leave people exposed to longer periods of aggression than necessary and patients vulnerable to distressing and unsafe adverse effects. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN83261243.
The Practical Management of Asthma
Authors: Mark J. Ellenbogen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>The Practical Management of Asthma</i>, edited by Dawson and Simon, is a concise textbook designed to aid physicians in the daily treatment of bronchospastic disorders. Each of the chapters is written in an easily readable style, complete with clinical examples designed to illustrate specific issues in patient care. The references are up-to-date, and helpful suggestions for further reading are often provided. The chapters on pharmacology and physiology are not overly technical but are instructional enough to provide a basis for rational treatment and drug use. The authors have provided specific guidelines for allergy and pulmonary function testing. Each of the appropriate drug therapies is discussed in detail with specific reference to clinical usefulness, dosage, potential problems, and even cost. The section on special problems in asthma, such as pregnancy, occupational asthma, and surgery, is excellent. Throughout this book, an effort has been made to organize the charts and tables to
Application of Osgood’s Semantic Differential to the Study of Psychotherapeutic Treatments
Authors: Jean Bovet, Edmond Gilliéron, Jacques Spagnoli, Denise Meylan
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1988)

Osgood's Semantic Differential was applied to a group of 35 neurotic patients at initial and final stage of individual psychoanalytical psychotherapy. When compared to 'normal' subjects who had not undergone treatment but were examined under the same conditions, neurotic subjects showed, between test and retest, more conspicuous semantic changes, several of which – although not all – brought them closer to normal subjects.
Transfection with the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene suppresses tumorigenicity and abrogates metastasis by K-1735 murine melanoma cells.
Authors: K Xie, S Huang, Z Dong, S H Juang, M Gutman, Q W Xie, C Nathan, I J Fidler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated an inverse relationship between the expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the metastatic potential of murine K-1735 melanoma cells. The purpose of this study was to provide direct evidence that the expression of iNOS suppresses metastatic potential of melanoma cells. Highly metastatic K-1735 clone 4 cells (C4.P), which express low levels of iNOS, were transfected with a functional iNOS (C4.L8), inactive-mutated iNOS (C4.S2), or neomycin-resistance (C4.Neo) genes in medium containing 3 mM NG-methyl-L-arginine (NMA). Positive transfectants were identified by Southern and Northern blot analyses and homogeneous staining with a specific anti-iNOS monoclonal antibody. Semiconfluent cultures of C4.P (parental), C4.Neo.3 (control transfection), C4.S2.3 (inactive iNOS), and C4.L8.5 (functional iNOS) were harvested, and viable cells were injected intravenously into syngeneic C3H/HeN mice and allogeneic BALB/c nude mice. C4.P, C4.Neo.3, and C4.S2.3 cells were highly metastatic whereas C4.L8.5 cells were not metastatic. Experiments with [125I]dUrd-labeled tumor cells demonstrated that the initial arrest in the lung microvasculature did not differ among the lines, but that C4.L8.5 cells died by 48-72 h after injection. Enhanced survival of all K-1735 C4 cells (including C4.L8.5) was found in mice given twice daily injections of 20 mg NMA. The C4.L8.5 cells produced slow growing subcutaneous tumors in nude mice, whereas the other three lines produced fast growing tumors. In vitro studies confirmed that in the absence of NMA the expression of iNOS in C4.L8.5 cells induced apoptosis. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the expression of recombinant iNOS in melanoma cells is associated with apoptosis, suppression of tumorigenicity, and abrogation of metastasis.
Authorship: time for a paradigm shift?
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Anthony Trollope, one of England's greatest nineteenth century novelists, rose at 5 am every morning, wrote for several hours almost every day of his life, and so completed more than 50 books. That was authorship. The words, characters, and plots all came from him, and his was the glory and the criticism. Producing a scientific paper is completely different. Some people conceive the study, often within a broad programme of work conducted by others. Different sets of people may design it, collect the data, and analyse and interpret them. The paper may include techniques as diverse as molecular biology and economic evaluation, all carried out by different people. The person who writes the paper may have done nothing but the writing. Who then will be an author? This becomes a matter of politics, not science. Often the powerful will be authors and the powerless ignored or simply acknowledged. We need to scrap the notion of authorship in science and try something else.

Disquiet about authorship in science has been growing for years. In …
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Users of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Authors: Anupam B. Jena
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters19 October 2010Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Users of Erectile Dysfunction DrugsAnupam B. Jena, MD, PhDAnupam B. Jena, MD, PhDFrom Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:In our article, my colleagues and I documented an association between sexually transmitted disease (STD) and the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors to treat ED. At the very least, we argued, use of such ED drugs may identify patients at higher risk for STD who may therefore benefit from additional counseling if not screening. We found no evidence that use of ED drugs necessarily led to higher rates of STD, although we could not reject this possibility.With this in mind, Dr. Sutcliffe and colleagues reminded us of a directly relevant body of work that demonstrates higher rates of ...Reference1. Sutcliffe S, Kawachi I, Alderete JF, Gaydos CA, Jacobson LP, Jenkins FJ, et al. Correlates of sexually transmitted infection histories in a cohort of American male health professionals. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20:1623-34. [PMID: 19655261] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSexually Transmitted Diseases Among Users of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs: Analysis of Claims Data Anupam B. Jena , Dana P. Goldman , Amee Kamdar , Darius N. Lakdawalla , and Yang Lu Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Users of Erectile Dysfunction Drugs Siobhan Sutcliffe , Gerald L. Andriole , Ichiro Kawachi , Jonathan M. Zenilman , and Elizabeth A. Platz Metrics 19 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 8Page: 550KeywordsConflicts of interestDatabasesDrug screeningDrug usersDrugsErectile dysfunctionOral contraceptive therapySexually transmitted diseasesVasectomy ePublished: 19 October 2010 Issue Published: 19 October 2010 CopyrightCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Exhibition encapsulates the pills that keep us alive
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A sound ethical framework for research in developing countries is crucial for ensuring that participants are safe from exploitation, says a report from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.But some of the measures introduced to try to offer such protection-such as arguing that participants should have access to the same standards of care made available in developed countries-are impractical and can undermine potential research opportunities, it says.The conclusions follow a discussion paper issued by the council in 2002 and a subsequent meeting in Cape Town, South Africa, in February 2004, attended by 58 participants from 28 countries, including India, China, Kenya, and Botswana.The discussion paper published by the council looks at the current laws governing research in developing countries, including the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, which has since been amended five times by the World Medical Association and clarified by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences.Research in developing countries is crucial, the paper says, for improving health care.But researchers in these countries often cannot conduct their own research, making partnership with more developed countries essential.
Genomic electronic health records: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Mohammad Al-Ubaydli, Rob Navarro
Journal: Genome Medicine (2009)

There is value to patients, clinicians and researchers from having a single electronic health record data standard that allows an integrated view, including genotype and phenotype data. However, it is important that this integrated view of the data is not created through a single database because privacy breaches increase with the number of users, and such breaches are more likely with a single data warehouse. Furthermore, a single user interface should be avoided because each end user requires a different user interface. Finally, data sharing must be controlled by the patient, not the other end users of the data. A preferable alternative is a federated architecture, which allows data to be stored in multiple institutions and shared on a need-to-know basis. The data sharing raises questions of ownership and stewardship that require social and political answers, as well as consideration of the clinical and scientific benefits.
Relationship between Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Childhood Asthma
Authors: TIMOTHY L. FRANK, ANIL ADISESH, ANTHONY C. PICKERING, JOHN F. J. MORRISON, TAMSIN WRIGHT, HELEN FRANCIS, ANGELA FLETCHER, PETER I. FRANK, PHILIP HANNAFORD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The purpose of the study was to determine if exhaled nitric oxide levels in children varied according to their asthmatic and atopic status. Exhaled nitric oxide was measured in a sample of 93 children attending the North West Lung Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, for the clinical evaluation of a respiratory questionnaire being developed as a screening tool in general practice. The clinical assessment included full lung function, skin prick testing, and exercise challenge. Children were said to be asthmatic either by consensus decision of three independent consultant pediatricians, who reviewed all the clinical results except the nitric oxide measurements, or by positive exercise test. Atopic asthmatic children had higher geometric mean exhaled nitric oxide levels (consensus decision, 12.5 ppb [parts per billion] 95% CI, 8.3 to 18.8; positive exercise test, 12.2 ppb 95% CI, 7.6 to 19.7) than did nonatopic asthmatic children (3.2 ppb 95% CI, 2.3 to 4.6; 3.2 ppb 95% CI, 2.0 to 5.0), atopic nonasthmatic children (3.8 ppb 95% CI, 2.7 to 5.5; 5.7 ppb 95% CI, 4.1 to 8.0), or nonatopic nonasthmatic children (3.4 ppb 95% CI, 2.8 to 4.1; 3.5 ppb 95% CI, 3.0 to 4.1). Thus, exhaled nitric oxide was raised in atopic asthmatics but not in nonatopic asthmatics, and these nonatopic asthmatics had levels of exhaled nitric oxide similar to those of the nonasthmatics whether atopic or not.
Senior Citizen Volunteers Untapped Resource for Science
Authors: Cheryl M. Montefusco
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The increasing population of senior citizens is currently viewed by our political structure as a cultural and financial liability, a burden that we are obliged to carry. Instead, these senior citizens represent an untapped national resource from which both cultural and financial dividends are obtainable. We have recognized one area in which senior citizens are able to play an important and otherwise unfulfilled role.  Three years ago, the Experimental Lung Transplant Laboratory Group in conjunction with the Department of Volunteer Services at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine (NY) became aware of the senior citizen as a resource and thereby recognized a potential solution to the rapidly shrinking value of the available research dollar. As a result of this awareness, six senior citizen volunteers have joined our staff and regularly perform a wide range of duties. In our laboratories, a retired dentist has designed
Abstract P6-04-13: Preclinical testing using a novel CT20p peptide-nanoparticle combination in breast cancer
Authors: PS Vishnubhotla, RJ Boohaker, MW Lee, KN Nemec, S Santra, AS Khaled, M Perez, AR Khaled
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The marked difference in metabolism observed between tumor and normal cells could contribute to the development of invasive and metastatic forms of breast cancer. The problem is that while patients diagnosed with invasive forms of breast cancer may be initially responsive to treatment, a significant number develop relapsing and even metastatic disease. There is a critical unmet need to develop new therapeutic approaches for patients diagnosed with invasive forms of breast cancer that are effective given the unique metabolism of tumor cells. METHODS: We examined the cytotoxic properties of a novel peptide, CT20p, derived from the C-terminus of Bax. For delivery to cells, the amphipathic nature of CT20p allowed it to be encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). NPs were made using aliphatic hyperbranched polyester (HBPE) that incorporated surface carboxylic groups and interior hydrophobic cavities for encapsulation of CT20p. To examine the cytotoxic potential and targeting capacity of CT20p-HBPE-NPs, we treated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells with the peptide-nanoparticle combination and measured changes in mitochondrial function, cell metabolism and induction of apoptotic and non-apoptotic cell death. The ability of CT20p-NP-HBPE to cause tumor regression was examined by subcutaneously implanting MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. RESULTS: Initial studies showed that CT20p caused the release of calcein from mitochondrial-like lipid vesicles, without disrupting vesicle integrity, and, when expressed as a fusion protein in cells, localized to mitochondria. While the peptide alone had little effect upon intact cells, likely not penetrating the plasma membrane, when encapsulated and delivered by nanoparticles, CT20p-HBPE-NPs proved an effective killer of breast cancer cells. CT20p-HBPE-NPs initiated non-apoptotic cell death within 3 hours of treatment by targeting mitochondria and deregulating cellular metabolism. Nanoparticles alone or nanoparticles encapsulating a control peptide had minimal effects. The cytotoxicity of CT20p-HPBE-NPs was most pronounced in breast cancer cells, sparing normal, epithelial cells. In implanted breast tumors, CT20p-HBPE-NPs accumulated in tumors within 24 hours and reduced tumor burden by 50-80%. CONCLUSION: These results reveal the innovative features of CT20p that allow nanoparticle-mediated delivery to tumors and the potential application in combination therapies that target the unique metabolism of cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-04-13.
Ventricular septal rupture: a review of clinical and physiologic features and an analysis of survival.
Authors: M J Radford, R A Johnson, W M Daggett, J T Fallon, M J Buckley, H K Gold, R C Leinbach
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Forty-one patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture were cared for in our hospital during 1971-1975. Cardiogenic shock developed after septal rupture in 55% of these patients. Shock was unrelated to site of infarction, extent of coronary artery disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, or pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio, but mean pulmonary artery pressure was lower in shock than in nonshock patients. These observations suggest that shock was produced mainly by right ventricular impairment. Perioperative survival was much higher in patients who did not have shock preoperatively (14 of 17 [82+]) than in those who did (three of 11 [27%]). Magnitude of shunt, left ventricular ejection fraction, extent of coronary artery disease, and performance of aortocoronary bypass grafting were not distinctly correlated with perioperative survival. After a minimum 4-year follow-up, 76% of the perioperative survivors are alive, and none suffer more than New York Heart Association functional class II disability. All 13 unoperated patients (11 in shock) died within 3 months.
Switching antibiotics to pharmacy sale will increase resistance, doctors say
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Plans to make two antibiotics for treating urinary tract infections available to buy over the counter in the United Kingdom rather than being prescription only are governed by commercial rather than public health concerns, say doctors and pharmacists.

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is currently considering reclassifying trimethoprim and nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, such as cystitis.

The move follows the agency’s approval earlier this month of a similar switch for the antibiotic azithromycin, for the treatment of chlamydia infection.

But members of the British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy oppose the move, …
Mineralocorticoid escape in compensated cirrhotics with portal hypertension. Relationship with natriuretic and antinatriuretic systems
Authors: G LaVilla, JM Salmerón, A Ginès, M Asbert, P Ginès, J Llach, W Jiménez, J Bosch, V Arroyo, J Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
Toward an AIDS vaccine: lessons from natural simian immunodeficiency virus infections of African nonhuman primate hosts
Authors: Donald L Sodora, Jonathan S Allan, Cristian Apetrei, Jason M Brenchley, Daniel C Douek, James G Else, Jacob D Estes, Beatrice H Hahn, Vanessa M Hirsch, Amitinder Kaur, Frank Kirchhoff, Michaela Muller-Trutwin, Ivona Pandrea, Jörn E Schmitz, Guido Silvestri
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)