tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Herpesvirus Infection Accelerates Atherosclerosis in the Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mouse
Authors: Dagmar G. Alber, Kenneth L. Powell, Patrick Vallance, David A. Goodwin, Cairistine Grahame-Clarke
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Human herpesviruses have been implicated but not proven to be involved in the etiology of atherosclerosis. To determine whether there is a causal relationship, the effect of herpesvirus infection on the development of atherosclerosis was assessed in the apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE−/−) mouse. Methods and Results —In the present study, 3- to 4-week-old apoE−/− mice were infected with murine γ-herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68). Atheroma formation was accelerated over a 24-week period in infected apoE−/− mice compared with control uninfected apoE−/− mice. Acceleration of atherosclerosis was reduced by antiviral drug administration. Histological analysis of the atheromatous plaques showed no difference between lesions of infected and control mice. Viral mRNA was present in the aortas of infected mice before lesion development on day 5 after infection. This suggests that the virus may initiate endothelial injury, which is believed to be an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the virus may play a direct role in atherosclerosis rather than be an “innocent bystander.” Conclusions —These data demonstrate that a γ-herpesvirus can accelerate atherosclerosis in the apoE−/− mouse. This study provides the first report of a murine model in which to study the causative role of herpesvirus infection in the development of atherosclerosis.
Nature's Experiment in Unnatural Aging
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A rare, inborn error of metabolism is frequently referred to as "nature's experiment." By adding experimental touches of his own, the investigator may gain insights not only into the mechanisms of a particular genetic disorder, but also into related physiologic derangements underlying other, more common conditions. We owe much of our knowledge of physiology and pathophysiology to studies of genetic rarities. One such genetic disease is<i>progeria</i>. Inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, this disease is characterized by precocious senility. The afflicted child with his wizened face, dwarfed stature, and the general appearance of senility usually dies of coronary heart disease during the first or second decade of life. The stamp of senescence is imprinted in various cells by deposits of lipofuchsin, and in the myocardium by focal fibrosis. Can this disorder, which telescopes a life-span into the brief period of a dozen or so years, shed some light on
Immunological profile of Fanconi anemia: A multicentric retrospective analysis of 61 patients
Authors: Elisabeth T. Korthof, Johanna Svahn, Regis Peffault de Latour, Paola Terranova, Helene Moins‐Teisserenc, Gérard Socié, Jean Soulier, Marleen Kok, Robbert G.M. Bredius, Maarten van Tol, Els C.M. Jol‐van der Zijde, Angela Pistorio, Fabio Corsolini, Alessia Parodi, Florinda Battaglia, Vito Pistoia, Carlo Dufour, Enrico Cappelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

In this study, the immunological status of 61 patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) with advanced marrow failure before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was analyzed by assessing the phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, and inflammatory cytokines. In patients with FA, total absolute lymphocytes (P < 0.0001), B cells (P < 0.0001), and NK cells (P = 0.003) were reduced when compared with normal controls. T cells (CD3), that is, cytotoxic T cells, naïve T cells, and regulatory T cells, showed a relative increase when compared with controls. Serum levels of IgG (P < 0.0001) and IgM (P = 0.004) were significantly lower, whereas IgA level was higher (P < 0.0001) than in normal controls. TGF-β (P = 0.007) and interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.0007) levels were increased in the serum of patients when compared with controls, whereas sCD40L level decreases (P < 0.0001). No differences were noted in the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 between FA subjects and controls. This comprehensive immunological study shows that patients with FA with advanced marrow failure have an altered immune status. This is in accordance with some characteristics of FA such as the proinflammatory and proapoptotic status. In addition, B lymphocyte failure may make tight and early immunological monitoring advisable.
Overdiagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Clare L. Cherney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 November 1998Overdiagnosis of Lyme DiseaseClare L. Cherney, MDClare L. Cherney, MDHospital of St. Raphael; New Haven, CT 06511Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After reading Reid and colleagues' report [1], I came away with a feeling of “Enough already!”The authors' stated objective was to identify the complications of patients who had been inappropriately diagnosed and treated for Lyme disease. Did any of the authors also evaluate patients in the Yale University Lyme Disease Clinic during the study? The stated objective would certainly affect the physicians' objectivity in evaluating patients' Lyme disease status.What data show that continued antibiotic therapy does not help with the fatigue-arthralgia-myalgia syndrome? In my review of the literature, the only prospective study evaluating patients with ...References1. Reid MC, Schoen RT, Evans J, Rosenberg JC, Horwitz RI. The consequences of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of Lyme disease: an observational study. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:354-62. Google Scholar2. Dinerman H, Steere AC. Lyme disease associated with fibromyalgia. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:281-5. Google Scholar3. Donta ST. Tetracycline therapy for chronic Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1997; 25(Suppl 1):S52-6. Google Scholar4. Logigian EL, Steere AC. Clinical and electrophysiologic findings in chronic neuropathy of Lyme disease. Neurology. 1992; 42:303-11. Google Scholar5. Rahn DW, Malawista SE. Lyme disease: recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1991; 114:472-81. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of St. Raphael; New Haven, CT 06511 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 752KeywordsAntibioticsLyme diseasePatientsPeripheral neuropathyProspective studiesResearch laboratoriesRetrospective studiesTetracyclinesTreatment guidelinesWestern blot Issue Published: 1 November 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
HYPERTENSION MANAGEMENT IN URBAN UNDERSERVED PATIENTS USING AN INTERNET COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Abul Kashem, Margaret Keper, Carol J. Homko, William P. Santamore, Valaine Hewitt, Anthony Eubanks, Farhan Raza, Ashley Reed, Mohamad Alkhouli, Alfred A. Bove
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Uptight when upright
Authors: S. Waisrub
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Salmonella hadar peritonitis.
Authors: C R Pascall, E J Stearn, J G Mosley
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Salmonella hadar peritonitisIn September 1979 an outbreak of food poisoning at a Norfolk holiday camp was caused by Salmonella hadar.Most of the 500 patients had mild diarrhoea and vomiting and were treated at the camp.Nevertheless, 30 became severely dehydrated and were admitted to hospital.Two of these patients subsequently developed S hadar peritonitis, a condition that has not been described. Case reportsCase 1-A 78-year-old woman was admitted after two days' profuse diarrhoea.She had a history of congestive cardiac failure and rheumatic mitral stenosis, and was clinically dehydrated and feverish (386°C) with controlled atrial fibrillation.Haemoglobin 10-7 g/dl, white cell count 7-9 x 109/1, blood urea concentration 7-8 mmol/l (47 mg/100 ml).S hadar was cultured from faeces.The patient was treated intravenously with fluids and antidiarrhoeal agents but on day 6 developed abdominal tenderness and distension.Her general condition deteriorated and x-ray examination showed free intraperitoneal gas.At laparotomy there was diffuse peritonitis and the ascending colon was particularly friable with multiple tiny perforations exuding fluid faeces.A right hemicolectomy was performed, the divided ends were ulcerated, oedematous, and friable, and unsuitable for primary anastomosis.The terminal ileum and proximal end of the transverse colon were brought out through the abdominal wall.Despite ventilation and intensive care she died 18 hours later.Case 2-An 81-year-old woman-was admitted after four days' diarrhoea.She had had a myocardial infarction and congestive cardiac failure and was clinically dehydrated and in atrial fibrillation.Haemoglobin was 14-4 g/dl, white cell count 68 x 109/1, and blood urea concentration 26-2 mmol/l (157 mg/100 ml).S hadar was isolated from faeces.The patient responded well to rehydration and antidiarrhoeal agents.On day 7 her abdomen became tender and distended with no bowel sounds.Abdominal x-ray examination showed dilated loops of bowel with fluid levels.Her condition deterior- ated and at laparotomy 48 hours later she had gross peritonitis with acute inflammation of the jejunum, ileum, and appendix with multiple small perforations.Two separate segments of ileum were resected and-appendicectomy performed.The cut ends were friable and oedematous; neverthe- less, one end-to-end anastomosis was performed and two ends were brought out as separate ileostomies.She was ventilated and intravenously fed, but died of acute on chronic renal failure four weeks later.Histology of the resected bowel showed focal and confluent areas of mucosal necrosis not associated with Peyer's patches.There was extensive infiltration with histiocytes and polymorphs.The sites of perforation could not be demon- strated microscopically.The patient had salmonella endocarditis of the mitral valve.
Detection of deep venous thrombosis by scanning of 99mtechnetium-labelled red-cell venous pool.
Authors: W Beswick, R Chmiel, R Booth, I Vellar, E Gilford, C N Chesterman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A comparative study of 32 patients with suspected deep venous thrombosis was carried out using blood-pool radionuclide scanning and conventional x-ray phlebography. Results of the two methods showed close agreement, the sensitivity (positive correlation) of the scan being 100% and its specificity 89%. We conclude that a patient9s red cells labelled with 99mtechnetium (99mTc) provide an excellent medium for this type of scanning. The technique has particular advantages in visualising the whole venous system, giving a persisting image, and obviating the need to inject into a vein of the affected limb. In view of the inherent disadvantages of contrast phlebography, 99mTc-red-cell scanning is clearly an acceptable alternative.
Abstract 534: MicroRNA-143 is a putative predictive biomarker for 5-FU-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Femke Simmer, Jeroen Dijkstra, Sabine Venderbosch, Claudius Faber, Leonie Mekenkamp, Miriam Koopman, Ton de Haan, Cornelis Punt, Iris Nagtegaal
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Approximately half of the colorectal cancer (CRC) patients develop metastatic disease, either at diagnosis or during follow-up. 5-FU-based chemotherapy forms the backbone of treatment in these patients. However, the response to this therapy varies between individuals. Therefore, an important challenge in CRC research is to identify biomarkers that are predictive of this response. MicroRNAs are short RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate the gene expression of many genes. MicroRNA levels are frequently altered in cancer, and can affect expression of genes that modulate tumorigenesis. Objective: In this study, we explore the potential of microRNAs, and the microRNA producing protein Dicer, as biomarkers that can predict chemo-sensitivity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: We analyzed the levels of a selected panel of 22 miRNAs and the Dicer protein in primary CRC tumors from patients enrolled in the CAIRO study (a phase III study of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group). MiRNA levels were determined with Taqman microRNA assays and Dicer level with immunohistochemistry. Correlation between the expression status of microRNAs or Dicer in primary tumors and the progression free survival (PFS) were investigated. In addition, we evaluated correlations between Dicer and miRNA levels. Results: Variable Dicer intensities were observed among the analyzed samples, but there was no significant association between Dicer levels and PFS. In addition, no clear correlation between Dicer and miRNA levels could be identified. We especially detected higher expression of miR-31 and miR-21 in tumors compared to matched normal tissue, whereas miR-137 and miR-215 were lower expressed. Interestingly, miR-143 expression was reduced in a subset of the primary CRC tumors, and this differential expression showed a relationship with PFS. The group with reduced miR-143 expression showed higher PFS. The median PFS for patients with reduced, neutral and increased miR-143 expression was 261, 167 and 142 days, respectively (p-value log-rank test=0.018). Conclusion: The expression level of miR-143 may have clinical utility as a biomarker for response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy. These findings warrant further studies to investigate the relationship between miR-143 expression and 5-FU. Citation Format: Femke Simmer, Jeroen Dijkstra, Sabine Venderbosch, Claudius Faber, Leonie Mekenkamp, Miriam Koopman, Ton de Haan, Cornelis Punt, Iris Nagtegaal. MicroRNA-143 is a putative predictive biomarker for 5-FU-based chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 534. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-534
European women's group calls for human papillomavirus testing
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A pan-European group of high profile women is pressing for the introduction of routine testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) in all 15 European Union states to ensure the early detection of cervical cancer.

The organisation, European Women for HPV Testing, believes that the move could save the lives of 12800 women every year.

The group maintains that with the current state of scientific knowledge and medical capabilities no European woman need die from cervical cancer. It has contacted the European commissioners in charge of public health, equal opportunities, and medical devices—David Byrne, Anna Diamantopoulou, …
Abstract 2477: Max inactivation in small cell lung cancer disrupts the MYC-SWI/SNF programs and is synthetic lethal with BRG1
Authors: Octavio A. Romero-Ferraro, Manuel Torres-Diz, Eva Pros, Antonio Gomez Moruno, Sebastian Moran Salama, Suvi Savola, Luis M. Montuenga, Ruben Pio, Jun Yokota, Montse Sanchez-Cespedes
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Our knowledge of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) genetics is still very limited, amplification of L-MYC, N-MYC and C-MYC being some of the well established gene alterations. Here, we report our discovery of tumor-specific inactivation of the MYC-associated factor X gene, MAX, in SCLC. This is mutually exclusive with alterations at MYC and BRG1, the latter coding for an ATPase of the SWI/SNF complex. We demonstrate that BRG1 regulates the expression of MAX through direct recruitment to the MAX promoter, and that depletion of BRG1 strongly hinders cell growth, specifically in MAX-deficient cells, heralding a synthetic lethal interaction. Furthermore, MAX requires BRG1 to activate neuroendocrine transcriptional programs and to up-regulate MYC-targets, such as glycolytic-related genes. Finally, we observed genetic inactivation of the MAX dimerization protein, MGA, in lung cancers with wild type components of the SWI/SNF or MYC pathways. Our results provide evidence that an aberrant SWI/SNF-MYC network is essential for lung cancer development. Citation Format: Octavio A. Romero-Ferraro, Manuel Torres-Diz, Eva Pros, Antonio Gomez Moruno, Sebastian Moran Salama, Suvi Savola, Luis M. Montuenga, Ruben Pio, Jun Yokota, Montse Sanchez-Cespedes. Max inactivation in small cell lung cancer disrupts the MYC-SWI/SNF programs and is synthetic lethal with BRG1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2477. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2477
Sodium Fluoride and Cell Growth
Authors: R. J. Berry, W. Trillwood
Journal: BMJ (1963)

leukaemia a similar bi-modal seasonal distribution was observed.'The existence of two peaks was noted whether the time of clinical onset was studied, or the moment of diagnosis, or that of death.The same two peaks, one in winter and another in spring, were present when the total morbidity-i.e., the number of cases under observation at any given time- was plotted.During the discussion of our paper at the Lisbon Haematological Congress' two Continental haematologists stated that their findings were of a similar character.The bi-modal seasonal variation of certain types of leukaemia may be fruitfully compared with that of other neo- plastic diseases and diseases of viral aetio- logy.-Iam, etc.,
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF TRYPAN RED AGAINST INFECTION BY A NEUROTROPIC VIRUS
Authors: Harland G. Wood, Irving I. Rusoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

Trypan red, when injected intraperitoneally into mice, has been found greatly to lower the incidence of the infection of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with the neurotropic MM virus. The protective action of the dye is overcome if the virus is inoculated in too high concentration. The lowered incidence of infection was observed in mice inoculated with virus for as long as 29 days after the last dye injection. Of a number of dyes tested, trypan red, brilliant vital red, and Congo red were found effective. In cotton rats inoculated intraperitoneally with MM virus, trypan red was likewise found to lower the incidence of infection. With monkeys and a typical poliomyelitis virus no protection was observed against the virus inoculated intraperitoneally. The latter experiment is considered to have been inadequate for a critical test of the effect of trypan red on poliomyelitis infection. When either the MM virus or Lansing virus were inoculated intracerebrally into mice, the effect of the dye on incidence of infection was small. In the case of the Lansing virus the difference was statistically significant, however. The possible relation of alteration in the permeability of the barrier between the blood and the central nervous system as a cause of the effect of trypan red is discussed.
The Performance of the Date-Randomization Test in Phylogenetic Analyses of Time-Structured Virus Data
Authors: Sebastián Duchêne, David Duchêne, Edward C Holmes, Simon Y W Ho
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Rates and timescales of viral evolution can be estimated using phylogenetic analyses of time-structured molecular sequences. This involves the use of molecular-clock methods, calibrated by the sampling times of the viral sequences. However, the spread of these sampling times is not always sufficient to allow the substitution rate to be estimated accurately. We conducted Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of simulated virus data to evaluate the performance of the date-randomization test, which is sometimes used to investigate whether time-structured data sets have temporal signal. An estimate of the substitution rate passes this test if its mean does not fall within the 95% credible intervals of rate estimates obtained using replicate data sets in which the sampling times have been randomized. We find that the test sometimes fails to detect rate estimates from data with no temporal signal. This error can be minimized by using a more conservative criterion, whereby the 95% credible interval of the estimate with correct sampling times should not overlap with those obtained with randomized sampling times. We also investigated the behavior of the test when the sampling times are not uniformly distributed throughout the tree, which sometimes occurs in empirical data sets. The test performs poorly in these circumstances, such that a modification to the randomization scheme is needed. Finally, we illustrate the behavior of the test in analyses of nucleotide sequences of cereal yellow dwarf virus. Our results validate the use of the date-randomization test and allow us to propose guidelines for interpretation of its results.
Diabetic neuropathy--II.
Authors: P J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Gastrointestinal system v ' X ' ' ';''~G astroporesis Diarrhoea-This is a catastrophic watery diarrhoea with severe nocturnal exacerbations and faecal incontinence, preceded momentarily by characteristic abdominal rumblings.Malabsorption does not normally occur.The symptoms are intermittent, with normal bowel actions in between and sometimes even constipation.These features persist for months or years, sometimes eventually disappearing altogether.The diagnosis is made, firstly, by establishing the presence of peripheral and autonomic neuropathy and, secondly, by excluding other causes of diarrhoea such as coeliac disease.The diarrhoea may be treated with any antidiarrhoeal agent, the best of which is codeine phosphate.Tetracycline in two or three doses of 250 mg has a dramatic effect in about half the cases.Tetracycline should be used only at the onset of an attack.Gastroparesis-Diminished gastric motility and delayed stomach emptying occur sometimes in diabetics with autonomic neuropathy, but they rarely cause symptoms.Intermittent vomiting may occur, and in exceptional cases it may be intractable.Diagnosis is established by the presence of a gastric splash and screening during barium studies; and gastroscopy is needed to exclude other gastric disorders.Metoclopramide is useful in treatment: fortunately the episodes normally remit spontaneously.
Results of a randomized international study of high-risk central nervous system B non-Hodgkin lymphoma and B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents
Authors: Mitchell S. Cairo, Mary Gerrard, Richard Sposto, Anne Auperin, C. Ross Pinkerton, Jean Michon, Claire Weston, Sherrie L. Perkins, Martine Raphael, Keith McCarthy, Catherine Patte
Journal: Blood (2006)