tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Institute of Medicine report strives to reduce medication errors
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Injuries related to drug treatment harm at least 1.5 million Americans each year, resulting in an additional $3.5bn (£1.9bn; €2.8bn) in hospital spending, says a report by the US Institute of Medicine.

The report was commissioned by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services at the direction of Congress and released on 20 July.

It found that drug related errors are the most common medical errors and can occur at every stage from prescription through to monitoring the patient’s response. The report estimates that on average at least one drug error per hospital patient occurs each day and says that the rate of error varies widely among facilities. Not all errors, however, lead to injury.

The institute’s 1999 report To Err is Human first brought to wide public attention serious problems with quality control in the delivery of health care, said J Lyle Bootman, dean of the College of Pharmacy at the University of Arizona, Tucson, and co-chairman of the committee that wrote the most recent report.

That recognition in 1999 was the beginning of implementation of changes to correct the problems, which this report continues to advance, he said. “There are many avenues for error at the patient level. That is why we specify, right up front, [that] the patient needs to be heavily engaged in this process,” Dr Bootman said. Better communication, including both sides of the patient-provider partnership, was crucial, he added.

“Patient safety in general—and medication safety in particular—is not part of the curriculum at most professional schools,” said a committee member, Albert Wu, a professor of health policy and management at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. He called it “a core competency” that doctors should be getting from the very beginning of medical school.

The report recommends that “by 2008 all healthcare providers should have plans in place to write prescriptions electronically.” And it set a date of 2010 by when all healthcare providers should be using electronic prescribing systems and all pharmacies should be able to receive prescriptions electronically, to reduce the scope for error.

The committee lamented the limited amount of data on operational aspects of drug delivery. It called for more funding for research in this area from the few million dollars a year that is currently spent to a minimum annual investment of $100m.

Dr Wu said, “If medication errors were a single disease we would be investing more heavily. Research funding for cancer is in the billions, yet the proportion of people who suffer from medication errors is far greater than those with cancer.”

Preventing Medication Errors can be bought at www.nap.edu/catalog/11623.html.
The end is nigh
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Oscar the cat has an “uncanny ability” to predict impending death among residents of a dementia ward at the Steere House nursing home in Providence, Rhode Island—even people not known to be terminally ill.

“He's not the friendliest cat. He keeps to himself, although he can be bribed with food,” said geriatrician David Dosa, of Brown University, who has published his findings about Oscar …
Triple Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin Glargine or Rosiglitazone Added to Combination Therapy of Sulfonylurea Plus Metformin in Insulin-Naïve Patients
Authors: Julio Rosenstock
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Drs. Hamid and Simmons (1) comment on two positive aspects that favor the use of insulin glargine over rosiglitazone as add-on therapy in type 2 diabetic patients who are inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea plus metformin therapy. The first is whether the beneficial lipid effects found with insulin glargine versus rosiglitazone translate to better clinical outcomes. The second is in regard to the assessment of the cost profile associated with glargine.

The neutral effect on LDL levels …
Incidence Of New Onset Food Allergy In Renal, Cardiac, and Hepatic Transplant Recipients and Correlation With Immunosuppression Protocol
Authors: François Graham, Frédéric Racicot, Luminita Iuliana Jamali, Marie-Jeanne Lebel, Hugo Chapdelaine, Fernando Alvarez, Véronique Phan Cong, Marie-Josée Raboisson, Louis P. Paradis, Anne M. Des Roches
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Prolonged BCG treatment of melanoma: does it suppress the immune capacity?
Authors: I. HELANDER, E. NORDMAN, I.P.T. HAKKINEN, A. TOIVANEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

The immunological status of seven patients with disseminated melanoma during BCG scarification was followed. As parameters, the total peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, serum immunoglobulin levels, natural ABO blood group antibodies, lymphocyte responses in vitro to PHA and PPD, and skin reactivity against PPD and candidin were followed during a period of 2‐36 months. The EAC‐rosette‐forming cells increased and the E‐rosette‐forming cells decreased during prolonged BCG therapy. The skin reactions and lymphocyte responses showed in most patients conversion from negative to positive or augmentation at the start of the therapy. Later on, however, the values in most patients dropped before disseminated disease became clinically apparent. In the only surviving patient the values first increased, remained high, and after 100 weeks treatment decreased. After 140 weeks'treatment immunological parameters are similar to pre‐treatment levels. The possibility that prolonged intensive BCG treatment might eventually suppress the immune system, and thus result in an enhanced risk of dissemination of the disease, is discussed.
Withdrawal of statin treatment abrogates its cholesterol-independent beneficial effects in humans
Authors: Wen-Ter Lai, Kun-Tai Lee, Chin-Sheng Chu, Hsueh-Wei Yen, Wen-Choi Voon, Chi-Hsin Hwang, Li-Yu Tsai, Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Ventromedial Hypothalamic Lesions and the Mobilization of Fatty Acids
Authors: Yoshiki Nishizawa, George A. Bray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

We have explored the effects of ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on the mobilization of free fatty acids in rats exposed to several stresses. The rise in free fatty acids and glycerol in response to norepinephrine had the same time-course and dose-response characteristics in the sham-operated and lesioned animals, indicating comparable degrees of peripheral responsiveness to this hormone. Forced swimming significantly lowered insulin and increased glycerol and free fatty acids more in control than in ventromedial hypothalamic-lesioned rats. During fasting, the rise in glycerol and free fatty acids was smaller in the lesioned rats, but the fall in insulin was greater. Exposure to cold raised fatty acids and glycerol more in the control than in the sham-operated animals, but had no significant effect on plasma insulin or glucose concentration. Injection of 2-deoxyglucose was done on lesioned or control rats with intact or removed adrenal medullas. The rise in free fatty acids and glycerol was less in the lesioned rats than in the controls, and was not affected by adrenodemedullation. The rise in glucose, however, was completely blocked in the adrenodemedullated rats. Changes in insulin were small and not statistically significant. The reduced mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue depots after ventromedial hypothalamic injury is consistent with the hypothesis that the ventromedial hypothalamic region serves to modulate activation of the sympathetic nervous system.
Rethinking the role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in ultraviolet (UV) B-induced immunosuppression: altered immune response in UV-irradiated TNFR1R2 gene-targeted mutant mice
Authors: P. Amerio, P. Toto, C. Feliciani, H. Suzuki, G. Shivji, B. Wang, D.N. Sauder
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Ultraviolet (UV) B-induced immunosuppression, implicated in the pathogenesis of skin cancers, is postulated to be mediated in part by cis-urocanic acid (cis-UCA) via tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. TNF-alpha produces morphological changes in Langerhans cells indistinguishable from those induced by UVB exposure and antibodies against TNF-alpha have been demonstrated to inhibit UVB-induced immunosuppression in vivo.To clarify further the role of TNF-alpha in UVB-induced immunosuppression and in cis-UCA immunosuppression.We performed a contact hypersensitivity (CHS) assay on gene-targeted mutant mice (TNFR1R2-/-) lacking genes for both receptors (p55 and p75) for TNF-alpha. Mice were either irradiated with UVB or injected intradermally with cis-UCA, sensitized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, challenged on the ears and the response was measured.The TNFR1R2-/- mice showed hyporesponsiveness in the CHS response compared with wild-type (P < 0.001), confirming the proinflammatory role of TNF-alpha. However, significant suppression of CHS was seen after irradiation and after cis-UCA injection in both locally (sensitization on irradiated site; P < 0.05) and systemically (sensitization on non-irradiated site; P < 0.05) sensitized wild-type and gene-targeted mice.These results demonstrate that TNF-alpha signalling is only partially involved in UVB-induced immunosuppression and does not play a major part in the cis-UCA immunosuppression mechanism.
GM-CSF Promotes the Immunosuppressive Activity of Glioma-Infiltrating Myeloid Cells through Interleukin-4 Receptor-α
Authors: Gary Kohanbash, Kayla McKaveney, Masashi Sakaki, Ryo Ueda, Arlan H. Mintz, Nduka Amankulor, Mitsugu Fujita, John R. Ohlfest, Hideho Okada
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Malignant gliomas are lethal cancers in the brain and heavily infiltrated by myeloid cells. Interleukin-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα) mediates the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid cells, and polymorphisms in the IL-4Rα gene are associated with altered glioma risk and prognosis. In this study, we sought to evaluate a hypothesized causal role for IL-4Rα and myeloid suppressor cells in glioma development. In both mouse de novo gliomas and human glioblastoma cases, IL-4Rα was upregulated on glioma-infiltrating myeloid cells but not in the periphery or in normal brain. Mice genetically deficient for IL-4Rα exhibited a slower growth of glioma associated with reduced production in the glioma microenvironment of arginase, a marker of myeloid suppressor cells, which is critical for their T-cell inhibitory function. Supporting this result, investigations using bone marrow-derived myeloid cells showed that IL-4Rα mediates IL-13–induced production of arginase. Furthermore, glioma-derived myeloid cells suppressed T-cell proliferation in an IL-4Rα–dependent manner, consistent with their identification as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a central role for the induction of IL-4Rα expression on myeloid cells, and we found that GM-CSF is upregulated in both human and mouse glioma microenvironments compared with normal brain or peripheral blood samples. Together, our findings establish a GM-CSF–induced mechanism of immunosuppression in the glioma microenvironment via upregulation of IL-4Rα on MDSCs. Cancer Res; 73(21); 6413–23. ©2013 AACR.
Abstract 3669: The Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Metabolite GLP-1(9–36) Protects Cardiomyocytes and Endothelial Cells From Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via GLP-1 Receptor-independent Mechanisms
Authors: Kiwon Ban, Kyoung-Han Kim, Chankyung Cho, Peter H Backx, Daniel J Drucker, Mansoor Husain
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Cardioprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, and GLP-1(9 –36), a cleavage product of GLP-1, have been reported. However, mechanisms und...
The role of activation processes in the length-tension relation of cardiac muscle
Authors: D G ALLEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

Journal Article The role of activation processes in the length-tension relation of cardiac muscle Get access D G ALLEN D G ALLEN From the Department of Physiology, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 19, Issue 9, September 1985, Page 516, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/19.9.516 Published: 01 September 1985
Bilateral pulmonary agenesis, oesophageal atresia, and the first arch syndrome
Authors: P. J. DeBuse, G. Morris
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>DeBuse, P. J., and Morris, G. (1973)</b>. <i>Thorax</i>, <b>28</b>, 526-528. <b>Bilateral pulmonary agenesis, oesophageal atresia, and the first arch syndrome</b>. This is the case report of an infant born alive with absence of both lungs, atresia of the oesophagus, and the first arch syndrome.
Healthcare, Guaranteed: A Simple, Secure Solution for America
Authors: Anthony D. So
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 April 2009Healthcare, Guaranteed: A Simple, Secure Solution for AmericaAnthony D. So, MD, MPAAnthony D. So, MD, MPAFrom Program on Global Health and Technology Access, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Emanuel EJ. 219 pages. New York: PublicAffairs; 2008. $14.95. ISBN 9781586486624. Order at www.publicaffairsbooks.com.Field of medicine: Health policy and health care reform.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Anyone interested in health care reform and policy debates on universal health care access.Purpose: To identify the sources of dysfunction of the U.S. health care system and to propose a Guaranteed HealthCare Access Plan for all U.S. citizens.Content: This book offers a highly readable discourse on the failings of the U.S. health care system, such as relatively poor health outcomes for the level of investment, high administrative costs, and fragmentation of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Program on Global Health and Technology Access, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 8Page: 572KeywordsGlobal healthHealth careHealth care policyHealth information technologyHealth insurancePublic policySafetySoftware toolsTaxes ePublished: 21 April 2009 Issue Published: 21 April 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in oxygen saturation and heart frequency during sleep in young normal subjects.
Authors: F Gimeno, R Peset
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Changes in oxygen saturation and heart frequency were measured during sleep in a group of 21 normal subjects (9 women and 12 men) aged 19-25. At the time of the investigation all were non-smokers, they had no respiratory complaints, and indices of lung function (lung volumes, volume-pressure diagram, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) were within normal limits. In contrast to published data, there were no major changes in oxygen saturation and no differences between men and women.
T cells cooperating in the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity act via the linked recognition of antigenic determinants.
Authors: M J Tucker, P A Bretscher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Culture conditions have been established that allow the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) precursor cells present in a cell population derived from unsensitized spleen cells only when antigen-specific, radioresistant, Thy-1-bearing helper cells are added. This specific cellular cooperation acts via the linked recognition of two determinants on the antigen; thus, cells primed to the protein antigen fowl gamma globulin (FGG) will only allow the induction of DTH reactivity against the second antigen, burro erythrocyte (BRBC), when the conjugate FGG-BRBC is present in the cultures. The requirement for physical linkage between the two antigens has been demonstrated by the observation that DTH to BRBC is induced when the conjugate FGG-BRBC is present and not when BRBC and FGG are given an uncoupled molecules.
Optimum Calcium Concentration of Dialysis Fluid for Maintenance Haemodialysis
Authors: A. J. Wing
Journal: BMJ (1968)

To define the minimum and maximum levels for calcium concentration of dialysis fluid a combination of acute and long-term observations was carried outIn acute experiments the external calcium balance during dialysis was dependent on the gradient between plasma ultrafilterable calcium and dialysis fluid calcium concentration. Changes in plasma calcium during dialysis did not correlate with measured external balance.In long-term studies it was found that raising the dialysis fluid calcium concentration from 5.0 to 6.0 mg./ 100 ml. both arrested biochemical and radiological changes of hyperparathyroidism, and, by causing a progressive fall in plasma phosphates, made metastatic calcification less likely. Raising the concentration to 6.5 mg./lOO ml. in an attempt to compensate for negative alimentary calcium balance caused nausea and vomiting in some patients.A concentration of 6.0+/-0.2 mg./100 ml. is recommended.
Botulism in 4 Adults Following Cosmetic Injections With an Unlicensed, Highly Concentrated Botulinum Preparation
Authors: Daniel S. Chertow, Esther T. Tan, Susan E. Maslanka, Joann Schulte, Eddy A. Bresnitz, Richard S. Weisman, Jeffrey Bernstein, Steven M. Marcus, Savita Kumar, Jean Malecki, Jeremy Sobel, Christopher R. Braden
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ContextBotulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused primarily by toxins of the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Although botulinum toxin A is available by prescription for cosmetic and therapeutic use, no cases of botulism with detectable serum toxin have previously been attributed to cosmetic or therapeutic botulinum toxin injections. On November 27, 2004, 4 suspected botulism case-patients with a link to cosmetic botulinum toxin injections were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory aspects of 4 suspected cases of iatrogenic botulism.Design, Setting, and PatientsCase series on 4 botulism case-patients.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical characteristics of the 4 case-patients, epidemiological associations, and mouse bioassay neutralization test results from case-patient specimens and a toxin sample.ResultsClinical characteristics of the 4 case-patients were consistent with those of naturally occurring botulism. All case-patients had been injected with a highly concentrated, unlicensed preparation of botulinum toxin A and may have received doses 2857 times the estimated human lethal dose by injection. Pretreatment serum toxin levels in 3 of the 4 case-patients were equivalent to 21 to 43 times the estimated human lethal dose; pretreatment serum from the fourth epidemiologically linked case-patient was not available. A 100-μg vial of toxin taken from the same manufacturer's lot as toxin administered to the case-patients contained a toxin amount sufficient to kill approximately 14 286 adults by injection if disseminated evenly.ConclusionsThese laboratory-confirmed cases of botulism demonstrate that clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin A can result in severe, life-threatening illness. Further education and regulation are needed to prevent the inappropriate marketing, sale, and clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin products.
254 Effectiveness of radiological techniques in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Correlation with liver explants
Authors: M. Garzón, J.M. Pascasio, J.M. Sousa, B. Vargas, E.J. Castell, E. Gavilán, M.A. Gómez, M. Sayago, T. Ferrer, M. Serrano, I. Grilo, A. Bernardos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Vertex balding, plasma insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3
Authors: Elizabeth A. Platz, Michael N. Pollak, Walter C. Willett, Edward Giovannucci
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> A recent report suggested that men with vertex balding have higher levels of plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The association of its major carrier protein, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), with male pattern hair loss has not been examined. <b>Objective:</b> We evaluated the relations of plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 with vertex balding in middle-aged and elderly men. <b>Methods:</b> Participants were 431 male members of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study who responded to a question in 1992 on their hair pattern at 45 years of age and who were 47 to 81 years old when they provided a blood specimen in 1993–1994. Odds ratios (ORs) of vertex balding associated with IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were estimated from logistic regression models mutually adjusting for each other and controlling for age at blood draw. <b>Results:</b> Of the 431 men, 128 had vertex balding at age 45. Compared with men who were not balding, for a 1 standard deviation increase in plasma IGF-1 level (72.4 ng/mL), the OR for vertex balding was 1.31 (95% CI, 0.95–1.81). For a 1 standard deviation increase in plasma IGFBP-3 (957 ng/mL), the OR for vertex balding was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.44–0.88). <b>Conclusion:</b> Older men with vertex balding have lower circulating levels of IGFBP-3 and higher levels of IGF-1 when controlling for IGFBP-3 level. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:1003–7.)
Lung water and urea indicator dilution studies in cardiac surgery patients. Comparisons of measurements in aortocoronary bypass and mitral valve replacement.
Authors: K L Brigham, S L Faulkner, R D Fisher, H W Bender
Journal: Circulation (1976)

We measured transpulmonary indicator dilution curves of 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I-albumin, 14C-urea, and 3H-water before and six and 24 hours after operation in seven patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass (ACB) and eight patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR). We calculated cardiac output (CO), extravascular lung water (EVLW), the difference between 125I-albumin and 51Cr-erythrocyte distribution volumes (EV albumin), the difference between 14C-urea and 51Cr-erythrocyte distribution volumes (EV urea) and 14C-urea extraction (E) and permeability -surface ares (PS) products. Comparisons between 16 ACB studies and 17 MVR studies showed the MVR group to have a higher EVLW (P less than 0.01). Extravascular lung water decreased after operation. The ratio of EV urea to EV albumin averaged 1.35 in the MVR group and 0.91 in the ACB group (P less than 0.001). 14C-urea E was also higher in the MVR group (P less than 0.05), but PS was similar in the two groups. None of the differences was related to the time that studies were done. We showed that EVLW, calculated using both 125I-albumin and 51Cr-erythrocytes as intravascular indicators and measured blood water content, had a constant relationship to EVLW calculated using only 125-I-albumin as the intravascular indicator and neglecting blood water content, over a broad range of cardiac outputs, hematocrist, and lung water volumes. We conclude that patients with mitral valve disease have an increased distribution volume and E for urea, probably due to hemodynamic changes but possibly due to increased vascular permeability. Extravascular lung water decreases after cardiac surgery regardless of the type of operation. A single intravascular indicator is adequate for estimating extravascular lung water in humans.