tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1249: Metabolomic analysis of a genetically defined model of oncogenesis reveals that common oncogenic mutations result in synergistic deregulation of multiple metabolic pathways
Authors: Xenia Schafer, Bradley Smith, Cody Spencer, Hartmut Land, Joshua C. Munger
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Oncogenesis induces profound changes to the cellular metabolic network. A number of these cancer-cell metabolic phenotypes have been found to be important for in vivo tumorigenesis. We have utilized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to globally profile the metabolic network of a genetically-defined experimental model of oncogenesis in an attempt to identify novel metabolic activities induced by transformation. Furthermore, we sought to delineate how common oncogenic mutations contribute to specific metabolic phenotypes. We have analyzed how dominant negative p53 and constitutively active Ras expression, either independently or in concert, impacts the metabolic activity of non-transformed parental colon crypt epithelial cells. In addition to measuring steady-state metabolite concentrations, we have employed isotope tracer analysis to measure the impact of oncogenic mutation on metabolic pathway kinetics. We find that combined p53 and Ras oncogenic mutation synergistically activates numerous aspects of central carbon metabolism including glycolysis, glutamine catabolism, and pyrimidine and purine biosynthesis. Our data indicate that many well-defined oncogenic metabolic phenotypes are the result of a cooperative effect of combinatorial mutation highlighting the importance of identifying the interaction between oncogenic signal transduction and metabolic regulation for understanding the etiology of the cancer-cell metabolic state. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1249. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1249
Searching for a gem with practical uses
Authors: D. MacAuley
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Rotavirus group A remains a major cause of diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. The permanently emergence of new genotypes puts the potential effectiveness of vaccines under serious question. Thirteen VP1 mutants were analyzed using molecular dynamic simulations and the results were combined with the experimental findings, reported previously. The results revealed structural fluctuations and secondary structure change of VP1 protein that may alter its function during viral replication/transcription. Altogether, the structural analysis of VP1 may boost efforts to develop antivirals, as they might complement the available vaccines.
THE EPIDEMIC INFLAMMATORY NEUROSIS; OR, NEUROTIC INFLUENZA.Read before the St. Louis Medical Society, January 30, 1892.
Authors: C. H. HUGHES
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Certainly sufficient clinical experience has now been obtained by reliable observers the world over to assign to the prevailing epidemic of influenza a place among the inflammatory neuroses. French, English, German, Italian, Russian, and American writers have noted the prominence, and often persistence of the nervous symptoms, discussing them generally as<i>sequelæ</i>. The initial and concomitant symptoms of influenza are so markedly those of a toxic inflammatory neurosis expending itself chiefly on the nerve coverings, nerve endings, and mucous membranes, that this aspect of its symptomatology and pathology will probably not be gainsaid by any one. The nerve centers, too, are so plainly involved as to need no proof other than what has been already offered by general clinical experience, so that its neuropathic and psychopathic accompaniments and sequences are the conditions obviously to be combated. It is a disease in the management of which the diagnostic and therapeutic experience
Art: Anatomy Art: Fascination beneath the Surface
Authors: C. Gray
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Professor Gunther von Hagens' Körperwelten: Die Faszination des Echten Caves de Cureghem, Brussels, 22 September 2001 until 24 February 2002 http://www.koerperwelten.com/. Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> ![Graphic][2]</img> ![Graphic][3]</img> ![Graphic][4]</img> This exhibition comes to Belgium having already been shown in seven centres in four countries. With more than six million visitors over five years, it is the most successful exhibition ever. I saw it in Berlin, where it was extended to a further week with 24 hour opening and queues of up to six hours to see more than 200 real but plastinated human anatomical specimens. Producer Gunther von Hagens is the inventor of the plastination process in which human tissues are impregnated with plastics and silicone rubber to become permanent, colourful, and odourless. His exhibition shows organs, body parts, and whole human bodies amid tasteful green foliage. The dissections are virtuoso pieces with many exploded multiplane views and openings … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Abstract 1837: Exposure to Aristolochic Acid is associated with endemic (Balkan) nephropathy
Authors: Karen L. Edwards, Jia Yin Wang, Katherine Snappin, Zdenko Sonicki, Marcia Miletic-Medved, Arthur P. Grollman, Bojan Jelakovic
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Endemic (Balkan) Nephropathy (EN) is a rare, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis that gradually progresses to end state renal disease. EN is also associated with development of urothelial cancer. EN has been the subject of many epidemiologic investigations during the past 50 years and is now thought to occur more broadly than just the endemic Balkan regions. Numerous hypotheses have been investigated but no causal factor has been identified. Exposure to Aristolochic Acid (AA) was proposed 30 years ago as a potential cause of EN, but was dismissed. The most likely route of human exposure to AA is via ingestion of home-baked bread prepared from flour contaminated by seeds of Aristolochia clematitis. Methods: Studies are underway in Croatia in collaboration with US investigators to evaluate this hypothesis. Data for this study comes from a population-based survey conducted in 2005 that includes 1081 subjects from 3 endemic and 1 nonendemic village. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between exposure to AA and EN. Results: Exposure to Aristolochic Acid (AA) from bread consumption is associated with a nearly 2 fold increase in risk of EN (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.07,2.98), growing wheat for flour is associated with a 3 fold increase risk (OR=3.5; 1.27, 10.1)), and recalling the AA containing weed in the wheat field was also significant (OR=2.4; 1.32, 4.62). Adjustment for covariates reduced the significance, but the elevated risk was still observed. A larger population-based assessment of several new villages in Croatia was recently completed. Conclusion: Understanding the etiology of this debilitating disease is the first step in developing an effective prevention strategy. Next steps will include evaluating specific genetic components and their interactions with exposure to AA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1837.
FIRST MIDDLE EAST TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION (TAVI) EXPERIENCE: IMMEDIATE AND 18 MONTHS FOLLOW-UP.
Authors: Ahmed M. Elwatidy, Walid Hassan, Saad Kassab, Saeed Ahmari, Hani Alsergani, Hussein Alamri, Emad Bukhari, Maie Shahid, Zuhair Alhalees
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Measured Enthusiasm: Does the Method of Reporting Trial Results Alter Perceptions of Therapeutic Effectiveness?
Authors: C. David Naylor, Erluo Chen, Barry Strauss
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To compare clinicians' ratings of therapeutic effectiveness when different trial end points were presented as percent reductions in relative compared with absolute risk and as numbers of patients treated to avoid one adverse outcome. Design: Survey, with random allocation of two questionnaires. Setting: Toronto teaching hospitals. Respondents: Convenience sample of 100 faculty and housestaff in internal medicine and family medicine. Intervention: One questionnaire presented results for three end points of the Helsinki Heart Study as separate drug trials using only absolute differences in events; the other showed the same end points as relative differences. Both questionnaires included a fourth "trial," showing person-years of treatment needed to prevent one myocardial infarction. Main Outcome Measure: The "trials" were each rated on an 11-point scale, from treatment "harmful" to "very effective." Results: Respondents' ratings of effectiveness varied with the end point. Controlling for end point, ratings of effectiveness by the 50 participants receiving absolute event data were lower than those by 50 participants responding to relative risk reductions (P < 0.001); however, no end-point difference was more than 0.6 scale points. For a "trial" reporting that 77 persons were treated for 5 years to prevent one myocardial infarction, mean ratings were 2.3 or 1.8 scale points lower, respectively (both P < 0.001), than when the same data were shown as relative or absolute risk reductions. Conclusions: Clinicians' views of drug therapies are affected by the common use of relative risk reductions in both trial reports and advertisements, by end-point emphasis, and, above all, by underuse of summary measures that relate treatment burden to therapeutic yields in a clinically relevant manner.
Hepatitis C virus-mediated Aurora B kinase inhibition modulates inflammatory pathway and viral infectivity
Authors: Antonio Madejón, Julie Sheldon, Irene Francisco-Recuero, Celia Perales, Mariela Domínguez-Beato, Marina Lasa, Isabel Sánchez-Perez, Jordi Muntané, Esteban Domingo, Javier García-Samaniego, Aurora Sánchez-Pacheco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Injuries to dancers: prevalence, treatment, and perceptions of causes.
Authors: A. Bowling
Journal: BMJ (1989)

A survey of injuries to dancers was commissioned by the National Organisation of Dance and Mime. Questionnaires asking about chronic and recent injuries were sent to 188 dancers and completed by 141 dancers from seven professional ballet and modern dance companies in the United Kingdom (75% response rate). It was found that of the 141 dancers, 67 (47%) had experienced a chronic injury and 59 (42%) an injury in the previous six months that had affected their dancing. A high proportion of injuries to the soft tissues had not responded to treatment. With correct treatment such injuries should usually heal completely. Dancers are aware of the high rate of injuries and also of procedures that might help to prevent injury--for example, dancing on floors that are sprung and in warmer studios; teachers9 and choreographers9 awareness of a dancer9s limitations and the need for rest and adequate treatment when an injury occurs.
Efficacy of Cardiac Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Philip Greenland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

During the 1970s, emphasis increased in clinical practice on early ambulation and exercise-based rehabilitation after myocardial infarction and other cardiac illnesses or procedures. This shift was based on the belief that exercise and improved conditioning would improve prognosis. We examine the evidence supporting this assertion. Most of the reports on cardiac rehabilitation are about patients who have coronary artery disease and a history of myocardial infarction. The review, therefore, is focused primarily on the patient who has had a myocardial infarction. Effects of cardiac rehabilitation, emphasizing exercise treatment and conditioning, are reviewed with regard to patient outcomes, including changes in functional (work) capacity, psychosocial functioning and health-related knowledge, risk factor modification, morbidity and mortality, and cardiac function. The safety of cardiac exercise programs is reviewed, and the use of telemetry monitoring is considered. We also discuss the role of cardiac rehabilitation in categories of patients other than those with myocardial infarction and the application of newer approaches to rehabilitation such as programs based in the patient's home.
Human beta-2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphisms are highly frequent in obesity and associate with altered adipocyte beta-2 adrenoceptor function.
Authors: V Large, L Hellström, S Reynisdottir, F Lönnqvist, P Eriksson, L Lannfelt, P Arner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Catecholamines play a central role in the regulation of energy expenditure, in part by stimulating lipid mobilization through lipolysis in fat cells. The beta-2 adrenoceptor (BAR-2) is a major lipolytic receptor in human fat cells. To determine whether known polymorphisms in codons 16, 27, and 164 of this receptor play a role in obesity and subcutaneous adipocyte BAR-2 lipolytic function, we investigated a group of 140 women with a large variation in body fat mass. Only the polymorphisms in codons 16 and 27 were common in the study population. The Gln27Glu polymorphism was markedly associated with obesity with a relative risk for obesity of approximately 7 and an odds ratio of approximately 10. Homozygotes for Glu27 had an average fat mass excess of 20 kg and approximately 50% larger fat cells than controls. However, no significant association with changes in BAR-2 function was observed. The Arg16Gly polymorphism was associated with altered BAR-2 function with Gly16 carriers showing a fivefold increased agonist sensitivity and without any change in BAR-2 expression. However, it was not significantly linked with obesity. These findings suggest that genetic variability in the human BAR-2 gene could be of major importance for obesity, energy expenditure, and lipolytic BAR-2 function in adipose tissue, at least in women.
Renal outcomes in hypertensive Black patients at high cardiovascular risk
Authors: Matthew R. Weir, George L. Bakris, Michael A. Weber, Bjorn Dahlof, Richard B. Devereux, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, Bertram Pitt, Jackson T. Wright, Roxzana Y. Kelly, Tsushung A. Hua, R Allen Hester, Eric Velazquez, Kenneth A. Jamerson
Journal: Kidney International (2011)

The ACCOMPLISH trial (Avoiding Cardiovascular events through Combination therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension) was a 3-year multicenter, event-driven trial involving patients with high cardiovascular risk who were randomized in a double-blinded manner to benazepril plus either hydrochlorothiazide or amlodipine and titrated in parallel to reach recommended blood pressure goals. Of the 8125 participants in the United States, 1414 were of self-described Black ethnicity. The composite kidney disease end point, defined as a doubling in serum creatinine, end-stage renal disease, or death was not different between Black and non-Black patients, although the Blacks were significantly more likely to develop a greater than 50% increase in serum creatinine to a level above 2.6 mg/dl. We found important early differences in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) due to acute hemodynamic effects, indicating that benazepril plus amlodipine was more effective in stabilizing eGFR compared to benazepril plus hydrochlorothiazide in non-Blacks. There was no difference in the mean eGFR loss in Blacks between therapies. Thus, benazepril coupled to amlodipine was a more effective antihypertensive treatment than when coupled to hydrochlorothiazide in non-Black patients to reduced kidney disease progression. Blacks have a modestly higher increased risk for more advanced increases in serum creatinine than non-Blacks.
TRIBUTE TO DR. EDWARD L. TURNER
Authors: Leland S. McKittrick
Journal: JAMA (1960)

I would like to acknowledge my indebtedness to a man—a man with a mission to which he devoted himself in thought and in action throughout his working hours—an indebtedness which can now be repaid only by increased efforts in support of the principles for which he stood. I did not know Ed Turner until he came to the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals. The breadth of his understanding of people and their needs, his knowledge of and devotion to medical education in its broadest sense, and the untiring and thoughtful application of an active, orderly, and imaginative mind to medicine's many problems, present and future, have been and will continue to be an inspiration to me for which I shall be forever grateful. Dr. Vannevar Bush must have had such a man in mind when he described a cultured gentleman: "He is a man who aspires to wisdom, because
Psychiatric Morbidity in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Tom Sensky
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

51 patients on chronic dialysis, awaiting transplantation, were assessed using a standardised psychiatric interview, together with measures of anxiety, depression, locus of control and social adjustment. 33% of the patients warranted a psychiatric diagnosis. During the study period, 30 patients received a transplanted kidney and 18 could be followed up 12 months after transplantation, when only 3 had a psychiatric disorder (17%). Previous psychiatric history was the main predictor of psychiatric symptomatology and of psychiatric referral during follow-up. However, symptomatology at follow-up also correlated with affective symptoms and selected aspects of social adjustment at initial interview.
Embryonic Precursor Cells from the Rhombic Lip Are Specified to a Cerebellar Granule Neuron Identity
Authors: Janet Alder, Nam K Cho, Mary E Hatten
Journal: Neuron (1996)

The specification of diverse classes of neurons is critical to the development of the cerebellar cortex. Here, we describe the purification of early embryonic precursors of cerebellar granule neurons from the rhombic lip, the dorsal aspect of the midbrain/hindbrain region. Isolation of rhombic lip cells reveals a homogenous population of precursor cells that express general neuronal markers and the granule cell marker RU49, but fail to extend neurites or express differentiation markers. Differentiation is induced by coculture with external germinal layer (EGL) cells, or their membranes, suggesting that a local inducing factor acts after formation of the EGL. Thus, proliferating precursors within the rhombic lip are specified to be granule cells very early, with the availability of an inducing factor increasing over the course of development.
To what do we have moral obligations and why? II.
Authors: R Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Following up on his 1 June 1985 article on moral obligations to living human beings versus other sentient beings, Gillon focuses on arguments for and against prohuman "speciesism," the claim that "viability" is a justifiable criterion for differentiating between humans that may be killed and those that may not, and claims that "personhood" is a morally relevant differentiating concept. He discusses the positions taken by Peter Singer and Dame Mary Warnock on "speciesism," and the theories of such philosphers as John Locke, Immanuel Kant, and Michael Tooley regarding the essence of personhood. He sees no solid basis for grounding the scope of moral obligations on simple sentience, membership in the human species, or technical differentia such as viability, and concludes that medical ethics still suffers from the lack of an adequate theory on which to base a right to life.
Effect of yttrium 90 on experimental allergic arthritis in rabbits.
Authors: W Meier-Ruge, W Muller, K Pavelka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Seventeen rabbits were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant and bovine serum albumin by the method of Dumonde and Glynn (1962), as modified by Cooke and Jasin (1972). Fifteen weeks after allergic arthritis developed in the knee joint, 8 animals were given an injection of 20 muCi yttrium 90 (90Y) into the left joint cavity; 7 were injected with 400 muCi. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks and at 6 and 12 months after the injection. The right knee joint served as control for assessment of untreated allergic arthritis. Morphological control of the severity of the arthritis was provided by sacrificing 2 uninjected animals 13 weeks after immunization.
Recessive mutations in EPG5 cause Vici syndrome, a multisystem disorder with defective autophagy
Authors: Thomas Cullup, Ay Lin Kho, Carlo Dionisi-Vici, Birgit Brandmeier, Frances Smith, Zoe Urry, Michael A Simpson, Shu Yau, Enrico Bertini, Verity McClelland, Mohammed Al-Owain, Stefan Koelker, Christian Koerner, Georg F Hoffmann, Frits A Wijburg, Amber E ten Hoedt, R Curtis Rogers, David Manchester, Rie Miyata, Masaharu Hayashi, Elizabeth Said, Doriette Soler, Peter M Kroisel, Christian Windpassinger, Francis M Filloux, Salwa Al-Kaabi, Jozef Hertecant, Miguel Del Campo, Stefan Buk, Istvan Bodi, Hans-Hilmar Goebel, Caroline A Sewry, Stephen Abbs, Shehla Mohammed, Dragana Josifova, Mathias Gautel, Heinz Jungbluth
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Pyopneumopericardium as a complication of oesophagogastrostomy
Authors: O. Gago, P. S. Chopra, L. H. Ellison, P. J. Silverman
Journal: Thorax (1973)

A case of pyopneumopericardium 13 years following resection of a peptic stricture and oesophagogastrostomy, and treated successfully by closure of the gastric ulcer, pericardiectomy, and drainage, is reported.
Early intervention on the outcomes in critically ill cancer patients admitted to intensive care units
Authors: Jae-Uk Song, Gee Young Suh, Hye Yun Park, So Yeon Lim, Seo Goo Han, Yeh Rim Kang, O. Jung Kwon, Sookyoung Woo, Kyeongman Jeon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
MYOCARDIAL MRNA CONCENTRATIONS FOR SECRETED BIOMARKERS IN AORTIC REGURGITATION VS AORTIC STENOSIS: CORRELATIONS WITH PLASMA PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIMENSIONS
Authors: Daniel Catanzaro, Christopher Stuart, Ji-Sun Hong, Ada Ene, John Carter, Edmund Herrold, Phyllis G. Supino, Jason Lazar, Lou Salciccioli, Wilson Ko, Arash Salemi, Leonard Girardi, Karl H. Krieger, O. Wayne Isom, Jeffrey S. Borer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ethics and Clinical Trials
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Barclay's thoughtful editorial on the University Group for Diabetes Program (UGDP) controversy (<b>215</b>:108, 1971) is just the antidote for some of the more poisonous exchanges we are witnessing. May I add, however, that the search for truth, particularly in vital areas, must not be limited by financial considerations. Ethical considerations, yes. But ethics is a matter of approach, rather than intellect or technical competence. Thus, those who exclude the value of challenges to established methods often paper over their reluctance with an ethical argument. Physicians of the greatest skill and intelligence may turn out elaborate studies without adequate controls, on the "ethical" grounds that they cannot deny their patients a treatment which they believe works. That even well-designed and controlled studies are imperfect is shown by the biases found on retrospective analysis of the UGDP patient group. Yet all life is imperfect, and we are only