tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DOUBLE DISLOCATION OF THE HIP.
Authors: D. W. Bland
Journal: JAMA (1883)

<h3>N. S. Davis, M.D., L.L.D., Editor Journal of the American Medical Association.</h3><h3>My Dear Sir:</h3> —In the weekly number of this journal, date of August 25, appears an article headed " Simultaneous Traumatic Dislocation of Both Hip Joints," by J. H. Packard, M.D. After reviewing the literature on this rare subject, he claims to have detailed all of the cases accessible. Permit me to invite attention to a case reported in the " Transactions, of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society," page 405, volume XXX—double dislocation, with fracture of the ascetabulum of the right side. While the accident most happily is rare, it is well to tabulate the cases that are reported, in order to permit the most favorable deductions to be made in favor of such treatment that secures the best results. Very respectfully, Pottsville, Pa., Sept. 15, 1883.
ONE HUNDRED CASES OF APPARENTLY CURED POLLEN HAY-FEVER
Authors: I. CHANDLER WALKER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

During the past ten years in the treatment of hayfever I have not only attempted to procure good results for the ensuing season but have also had in mind and hoped for permanent results. This paper, therefore, deals only with those patients who have been treated and have probably been under observation for a long enough time to justify the word cured. A series of 100 patients is presented and the data are grouped into three tables. In table 1 are presented the records of thirty-nine patients who were treated until the cutaneous tests with the pollens, to which they were previously sensitive, were either negative or practically negative, and who have been free from symptoms of hay-fever for a period of three or more years since the cessation of treatment. In table 2 are presented another group of thirty-nine patients in whom equally satisfactory clinical results were obtained; in
Epidermal growth factor, a vascular smooth muscle mitogen, induces rat aortic contraction.
Authors: B C Berk, T A Brock, R C Webb, M B Taubman, W J Atkinson, M A Gimbrone, R W Alexander
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Atherosclerotic arteries have enhanced reactivity to vasoconstrictors, which suggests that features of the atherosclerotic process itself may result in this abnormal responsiveness. Since vascular smooth muscle proliferation is a prominent feature of atherosclerosis, we postulated that vasoactive agonists and smooth muscle mitogens may share certain common cellular mechanisms of action which potentially contribute to this hyperreactivity. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a well-characterized mitogen, on rat aortic vascular smooth muscle, both in intact aortic strips and in culture. EGF caused contraction (EC50 = 19 nM) of rat aortic strips which maximally was equivalent to 40% of that induced by angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. EGF increased 45Ca efflux (EC50 = 3 nM) from cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells, which was an effect shared by angiotensin II and thought to reflect increased cytosolic-free calcium concentration. EGF (7.5 nM) also stimulated growth of these cultured cells to the same extent as 10% calf serum. These results demonstrate that EGF is both a vasoconstrictor and mitogen for rat aortic smooth muscle cells. The similarities in the effects of EGF and angiotensin II suggest that certain common intracellular mechanisms of action may exist for vasoactive agonists and growth factors which may contribute to the altered vasoreactivity of atherosclerotic vessels.
Atopy and Airways Responsiveness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: S T Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

THE extent and the duration of cigarette smoking are the overwhelming determinants of the occurrence and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).1 However, only 15 percent of smokers acquire this disorder, and a smaller percentage die of it.Clinical and population-based studies of COPD have determined that the initial value for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the single best predictor of survival, providing a convenient correlate with epidemiologic data on smoking and mortality due to COPD.2 , 3 Age is the only other relevant predictor, with increasing age associated with an increased risk of death. Other . . .
A Technique for the Combination of Profound Hypothermia and Extracorporeal Circulation with Complete Circulatory Arrest
Authors: A. J. Gunning
Journal: Thorax (1961)

Varying degrees of hypothermia with extracorporeal circulation are being used with increasing frequency in the surgery of congenital and acquired heart disease.The use of an oxygenator combined with profound hypothermia (9°-155 C.) to achieve complete circulatory arrest during intracardiac surgery is not as yet widely practised.This technique has been in use in the Nuffield Department of Surgery since August, 1959. APPARATUSThe Mayo-Gibbon vertical-screen oxygenator (a gift from the Wellcome Trust) is the type of heart-lung machine used.Incorporated in the pump-oxygenator circuit is a standard Brown-Harrison heat exchanger.This is fitted just beyond the blood filter in the arterial line (Fig. 1).
Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a novel cytoplasmic antigen recognized by myasthenia gravis sera.
Authors: T Gordon, B Grove, J C Loftus, T O'Toole, R McMillan, J Lindstrom, M H Ginsberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

A cDNA clone was isolated by screening of a lambda gt11 endothelial expression library with serum from a patient with myasthenia gravis (MG). Rabbit antisera raised against the recombinant protein and human MG sera reactive with the clone immunoblotted an M(r) integral of 250,000 polypeptide (gravin) present in endothelial cells and several adherent cells. Gravin was not detected in platelets, leukocytes, U937, or human erythroleukemic (HEL) cell lines, but was expressed in HEL cells after induction with phorbol myristate acetate. Northern blot analysis showed two transcripts of approximately 6.7 and 8.4 kb in endothelial cells but not U937 or HEL cells. Indirect immunofluorescence of permeabilized cells revealed a trabecular network of gravin staining with a distinct linear component. Antibodies to gravin, were present in sera from 22:72 (31%) of MG patients. In contrast 0:50 normal sera and 1:72 sera from patients with other autoimmune diseases contained antigravin antibodies. Gravin is not likely to be a nonerythroid spectrin, talin, myosin, or actin-binding protein based on the lack of reactivity of antigravin with these polypeptides in immunoblots. The nucleotide sequence of the immunoreactive clone indicated that it encodes a highly acidic polypeptide fragment that contains the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Neither amino acid nor nucleotide sequences were present in Genbank, EMBL, or Swissprot databases as of March, 1992. These data indicate that gravin is an inducible, cell type-specific cytoplasmic protein and that auto-antibodies to gravin may be highly specific for MG.
Residential Mercury Spills from Gas Regulators
Authors: Daniel Hryhorczuk, Victoria Persky, Julie Piorkowski, Jennifer Davis, C. Michael Moomey, Anne Krantz, Ken D. Runkle, Tiffanie Saxer, Thomas Baughman, Ken McCann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Many older homes are equipped with mercury-containing gas regulators that reduce the pressure of natural gas in the mains to the low pressure used in home gas piping. Removal of these regulators can result in elemental mercury spills inside the home. In the summer of 2000, mercury spills were discovered in the basements of several Chicago-area homes after removal of gas regulators by gas company contractors. Subsequent inspections of approximately 361,000 homes by two northern Illinois gas companies showed that 1,363 homes had residential mercury contamination. Urine mercury screening was offered to concerned residents, and results of urine bioassays and indoor mercury air measurements were available for 171 homes. Six of these 171 homes (3.5%) had a cumulative total of nine residents with a urine mercury > or = 10 microg/L. The highest urine mercury concentration observed in a resident was 26 microg/L. Positive bioassays were most strongly associated with mercury air concentrations > 10 microg/m3 on the first floor [odds ratio (OR) = 21.4 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) , 3.6-125.9] rather than in the basement (OR = 3.0 ; 95% CI, 0.3-26) , and first-floor air samples were more predictive of positive bioassays than were basement samples. Overall, the risk of residential mercury contamination after gas regulator removal ranged from 0.9/1,000 to 4.3/1,000 homes, depending on the gas company, although the risk was considerably higher (20 of 120 homes, 16.7%) for one of the contractors performing removal work for one of the gas companies. Gas companies, their contractors, and residents should be aware of these risks and should take appropriate actions to prevent these spills from occurring and remediate them if they occur.
Voice after laryngectomy.
Authors: M. Daly, P. Crellin, M. Gaze, H. MacDougall
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Our experience with these investigations has results are comparable with those in other pubised interest in hip arthroplasty are comparable been largely restricted to adolescents with sus-lished series.The consequence of such figures, with those from a single surgeon."pected hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, often taking into account patients' survival, is at least Villar should be supported in the call for revision in combination with growth hormone deficiency.five revision procedures per 100 primary arthro-hip surgery to be carried out by specialists.The Although hepatic, renal, and adrenocorticotrophic plasties.In 1991 we performed 56 revision hip need for revision surgery would be diminished if a reserves are expectedly higher in this age group, we arthroplasties at an estimated mean unit cost three greater proportion of the more complex primary still observe appreciable adverse manifestations, times that of a primary arthroplasty.Extrapolation hip arthroplasties and operations on patients under including nausea, sweating, and tachycardia, with of these figures suggests that every 100 primary 60 were also performed in specialist centres or by the standard doses of thyrotrophin releasing arthroplasties will result in a minimum potential surgeons with a specific interest in the technique.hormone, luteinising hormone releasing hormone, extra expenditure equivalent to 15 primary arthro- A TIMPERLEY and soluble insulin that we use in our unit.When plasties.The Swedish experience of two less G A GIE
Six-month outcome in unstable angina patients without previous myocardial infarction according to the use of tertiary cardiologic resources
Authors: Josep Lupón, Vicente Valle, Jaume Marrugat, Roberto Elosua, Lluis Serés, Marco Pavesi, Román Freixa, Ginés Sanz, Rafel Masiá, Lluis Molina, Joan Sala, Jordi Serra
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)
Long term care for the elderly and disabled in the US should focus on community services
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Spending on long term care for elderly and disabled US citizens should shift from providing mainly institutional care to expanding community based services, specialists argued at a forum in Washington DC this week.

H Stephen Kaye, associate adjunct professor in health and aging at the University of California in San Francisco, has reported that in the United States 10.9 million people living in the community and 1.8 million nursing home residents need long term care ( Health Affairs 2010; 29: 11-21). He noted, however, that estimates for the number of disabled people needing long term care range from three million to 11 million, because of the lack of broadly accepted definitions of disability and fragmented services. 

His analysis of five national surveys showed that half of disabled people living …
Problem of Abnormal Fetal Position
Authors: Alfred B. Kurtz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>History</h3> A 31-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 2, para 1, with a normal first pregnancy, came to the obstetric clinic for a routine checkup at 32 weeks' gestation. Physical examination disclosed a uterus inappropriately small for the length of pregnancy and an unusual transverse presentation of the fetus. The pregnancy had been unremarkable except for an emergency room visit at ten to 12 weeks for unexplained mild right lower quadrant pain, which subsided spontaneously in three to five days. Ultrasound examination was performed the following day. Figure 1 represents a long-axis midline ultrasound scan of the pelvis; and Fig 2, a transverse oblique ultrasound scan through the fetal head, along the dotted line of Fig 1. In both figures, FH indicates fetal head; FB, fetal body; P, placenta; and BL, maternal urinary bladder; (H) is toward the patient's head and (R) is toward the patient's right side. <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Abdominal pregnancy. Although
Motorcycle spoke injury.
Authors: M Ahmed
Journal: BMJ (1978)

initial presentation she became frankly thyrotoxic with a T4 concentration of 182 mg/dl (normal=38-12-2 mg/dl) and a T3 resin uptake of 77% (normal= 15-45 %').Antibody to Y enterocolitica serotype 3 was present at a significant titre of 1/160.Over the next nine months her thyrotoxicosis was difficult to control with carbimazole and she developed a smooth goitre.Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed.At the time of thyroidectomy, antibody to Y enterocolitica serotype 3 was present in her serum at a dilution of 1/80.No antithyroid antibodies were detected.Immunofluorescence studies on the excised gland and normal thyroid tissue failed to detect auto- antibodies.No bound antibodies were detected.Family study-No Yersinia antibodies were detected in her parents and four of her siblings, all of whom were euthyroid.
Acute Malaria in Newborn Infants
Authors: P. G. Preston
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The 14-day Gemini and 18-day Soyuz missions dispel the dire prophecy that man's bones may fold up after three or four weeks in the weightless state.Artificial gravity may have an important part to play in the exploration of the solar system, particularly with regard to changes in cardiovascular function,7 but refrigeration is in the realm of science fiction rather than the logical development of aerospace physiology.-I
MASS TESTING OF COLOR VISION
Authors: Erich Sachs
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Routine examinations of the sense of color are becoming increasingly important both in connection with occupation in peaceful pursuits and in relation to the national defense. As often as not, a test of color vision must be made when a large number of examinees is present. Any reliable method of testing a sizable group at one time will confer an obvious boon and will naturally be applicable in situations in which a color vision test, though desirable, has not customarily been given because of lack of time or of sufficient examiners. An exact diagnosis of a given deficiency in color vision can be made only with a Nagel anomaloscope in the hands of an expert. But for practical purposes it usually suffices to be able to say "deviation from normal trichromatic vision—unfit for special service." Such a diagnosis can be made simply and with a minimum of error with Stilling
P141Prevention of microtubule disruption with paclitaxel does not protect against infarction in isolated rat hearts
Authors: A Rodriguez-Sinovas, E Abad, JA Sanchez, C Fernandez-Sanz, J Inserte, M Ruiz-Meana, D Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers present in eukaryote cells that are essential components of cell cytoskeleton. They play an important role in intracellular transport, in maintaining organelle organization and function, and in transmitting mechanical forces within the myocardium. However, this intracellular network becomes disrupted during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, and it has been proposed that microtubule disruption is an early sign of irreversible ischemic injury, and that prevention of microtubule disruption during ischemia-reperfusion could be beneficial. In this study we aimed to assess the effects of prevention of microtubule disruption with paclitaxel on ischemia/reperfusion injury in both isolated rat cardiomyocytes and isolated, Langendorff-perfused, rat hearts. Methods and results: Isolated rat cardiomyocytes were submitted to normoxia (1h), or to 50 min of anoxia (pH 6.4, 0% O2, 37° C) and 15 min reoxygenation, without or with treatment during anoxia with the microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel (10 μM) or the inhibitor of microtubule polymerization colchicine (5 μM). The condition of microtubule network was assessed by immunofluorescence detection of α-tubulin. Anoxia/reoxygenation leads to disruption of the microtubule network before the onset of ischemic contracture (650±21 vs. 328±11 arbitrary units of fluorescence (auf), p≤0.05). Paclitaxel attenuated both microtubule disruption (377±15 auf, p≤0.05 vs. anoxia/reoxygenation) and the incidence of hypercontracture (31±7 % vs. 56±8 % in anoxia/reoxygenation, p≤0.05) induced by anoxia/reoxygenation, whereas treatment with colchicine mimicked the effects of anoxia/reoxygenation (fluorescence: 188±16 auf, p≤0.01 vs. anoxia/reoxygenation; hypercontracture: 65±7 %). In isolated rat hearts under normoxic conditions, paclitaxel induced a concentration-dependent increase in perfusion pressure and a decrease in heart rate and left ventricular developed pressure. Despite protection against cell hypercontracture, paclitaxel pretreatment did not modify infarct size (60.37±2.27 % in control hearts vs. 58.75±10.25, 55.44±10.32 and 50.06±10.14 % in hearts pretreated with 10-6, 3 10-6 and 10-5 M, of paclitaxel respectively), LDH release or functional recovery after 60 min of global ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. Conclusions: Microtubule stabilization with paclitaxel reduces hypercontracture in isolated rat cardiomyocytes but does not protect against infarction in isolated rat hearts.
What's happening to nursing?
Authors: J. Salvage
Journal: BMJ (1995)

small vessel disease.19Finally, increased left ventricular mass may result not only from cell hypertrophy but also from increases in collagen, which may provide a substrate for malignant arrhythmias and sudden death.20Given the prognostic importance of left ventricular hypertrophy it seems appropriate to look for it in every patient at risk.As left ventricular mass is not closely related to casual blood pressure readings, we need to investigate patients with borderline as well as unequivocal hypertension.Several management options exist when left ventricular hypertrophy is detected.We might apply the same aggressive treatment of coronary risk factors as after documented infarction because the risk offuture cardiac events is about the same.We could initiate earlier investigation of such patients with routine nuclear imaging or stress echocardiography.Once it is found, we might treat coronary disease more aggressively than usual as even single vessel disease more than doubles mortality if associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.8Or we could aim for regression of left ventricular hypertrophy as well as blood pressure control by choosing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, non- dihydropyridine calcium channel I3 blockers, or blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.In patients with borderline hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy argues the need for treatment.Although all these approaches are intuitively sensible, and unlikely to do harm, none has yet been tested in this group of patients.We need research to guide management in these patients, but until the results are available it seems sensible to use left ventricular hypertrophy as a cue for tighter risk factor management, blood pressure control, and investigation for coexistent coronary artery disease.
Drug effects blamed for fifth of hospital deaths among elderly
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A Norwegian study has shown that drug related side effects may contribute to nearly a fifth of all hospital deaths in elderly patients, particularly those who have more than one illness or are taking multiple medications (Archives of Internal Medicine 2001;161:2317-23). In almost half the cases looked at, inappropriate drugs were prescribed or the wrong doses or forms of drugs used.

Researchers at the Central Hospital of Akershus, Norway, analysed the records of all 732 patients who died among the 13992 …
Psychiatric Emergencies Call for Comprehensive Assessment and Treatment
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2002)

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Radiological (Scintigraphic) Evaluation of Patients With Suspected Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Daniel R. Biello
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE OPTIMAL strategy for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a subject of controversial and often conflicting opinions. If untreated, as many as 30% of patients with PE may die. Conversely, anticoagulant therapy significantly decreases mortality from PE, but bleeding complications occur. Underdiagnosis may result in a preventable death, and overdiagnosis may lead to significant hemorrhage from unnecessary anticoagulant therapy. This article outlines a practical guide for the use of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scintigraphy in patients with suspected PE. The clinical diagnosis of PE is rarely simple and often inaccurate. Autopsy series have disclosed that fatal PE commonly is unrecognized before death, particularly in elderly patients and in patients with congestive heart failure or pneumonia. The symptoms, physical signs, routine laboratory findings, and standard roentgenographic studies of the chest frequently are inconclusive. Dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and apprehension are the most common presenting symptoms in patients
Dissemination of Pancreatic Carcinoma Following Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Authors: J. G. N. Studley, A. R. Sami, R. C. N. Williamson
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) is sometimes advocated for the temporary decompression of an obstructed bile duct by a periampullary tumor. We report a 27-year-old woman with a small carcinoma of the pancreatic head who developed acute pancreatitis and a pseudocyst following ES. At operation, malignant spread was virtually confined to the walls of the resolving pseudocyst cavity. Despite radical resection, she died from recurrent carcinoma 7 months postoperatively.