tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Oral Contraceptives on the Gallbladder Bile of Normal Women
Authors: Lynn J. Bennion, Ronald L. Ginsberg, Marc B. Garnick, Peter H. Bennett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

In view of the reported association between use of oral contraceptives and gallbladder disease, the effects of contraceptive steroids on the lipid composition of gallbladder bile were studied in 22 healthy women. Each subject was studied during routine use of oral contraceptives and also during normal menstrual cycles on no medication. Gallbladder bile was significantly more saturated with cholesterol during contraceptive therapy than during normal menstrual cycling (125 versus 92 per cent, P less than 0.001). Chenodeoxycholic acid accounted for a significantly smaller proportion (35 versus 42 per cent P less than 0.001) and cholic acid a significantly greater proportion (50 versus 41 per cent (P less than 0.001) of total bile acids during contraceptive steroid therapy. These findings show that exogenous sex steroids in doses and formulations routinely prescribed induce important alterations in the composition of human gallbladder bile, and suggest a biochemical basis for the increase in gallbladder disease observed among women using oral contraceptives.The reported association between use of oral contraceptives (0C) and gallbladder disease led to a study of the effects of OCs on lipid compos ition of gallbladder bile on 22 healthy women between the ages of 19 and 39. Subjects were observed during routine OC use and during normal medication-free cycles. Cholesterol saturation was significantly higher in gallbladder bile during OC use than during normal menstrual cycles (125 versus 92%, p less than .001). During daily ingestion of OCs the p roportion of cholic acid was significantly higher (50 versus 41%, p less than .001) and the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid significantly lower (35 versus 42%, p less than .001) than during the normal menstrual cycle. These data show that routine administration of OCs induce alterations in the composition of human gallbladder bile and suggest a biochemical basis for the increase in gallbladder disease observed among women ingesting OC steroids.
Abstract 4191: MiR-20a inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth and invasion through LIMK1.
Authors: Yin Xiong, Lisa Zhang, Electron Kebebew
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There have been conflicting reports regarding the function of miR-20a in a variety of cancers. In this study, we evaluated the expression and function of miR-20a in thyroid cancer tissue and cell lines in vitro and in vivo. We found miR-20a was significantly downregulated in undifferentiated and aggressive thyroid cancer (p&amp;lt;0.05). Ectopic overexpression of miR-20a significantly inhibited thyroid cancer cell proliferation in vitro (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and in vivo (p &amp;lt; 0.01), tumor spheroid formation (p &amp;lt; 0.05), and invasion (p &amp;lt; 0.05) in multiple thyroid cancer cell lines. We performed integrated transcriptome analysis with and without miR-20a overexpression and target prediction analysis, and identified LIMK1 as a target of miR-20a. Luciferase assay demonstrated that LIMK1 was a direct target of miR-20a and that direct knockdown of LIMK1 recapitulated the effects of miR-20a in multiple thyroid cancer lines. Our findings suggest that miR-20a has a tumor suppressive function in thyroid cancer which is mediated through LIMK1 and that loss of miR-20a expression may be involved in thyroid cancer progression. Citation Format: Yin Xiong, Lisa Zhang, Electron Kebebew. MiR-20a inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth and invasion through LIMK1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4191. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4191
Five Factor Score in patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss; EGPA): to use or not to use?
Authors: Sergey Moiseev, Pavel Novikov
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

OBJECTIVE--To provide a descriptive analysis of the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric morbidity among 300 consecutive epileptic patients refractive to treatment and admitted during a six year period for evaluation of their candidature for surgery. METHODS--Patients underwent detailed observation of their seizure and standardised psychiatric assessment. Patients were considered to be refractory to treatment if they continued to manifest seizures with an average frequency of at least once every month even with polytherapy using up to three different anti-convulsants for a period of at least two years. Of the 300 patients, 231 had a temporal lobe focus, 43 had a non-temporal lobe focus, and 26 patients had a generalised and multifocal seizure onset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS--With the DSM-III-R criteria 142 (47.3%) patients emerged as psychiatric cases. A principal axis I diagnosis was made in 88 (29.3%), and an axis II diagnosis (personality disorder) in another 54 (18.0%) patients. The most common axis I diagnosis was anxiety disorders (10.7%). A schizophrenia-like psychosis was seen in 13 (4.3%). Most patients with personality disorders showed dependent and avoidant personality traits. There was a significantly higher psychotic subscore on the present state examination in the temporal than with the non-temporal group of patients. These findings were not significant when compared with patients with a generalised and multifocal seizure disorder. There were no significant findings between the different seizure focus groups on the neurotic subscores. The findings with regard to laterality of seizure focus and the neurotic or psychotic subscores were not significant.
HERITABILITY OF HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ADAPTABILITY
Authors: V. Klissouras
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1973)

The use of co-twin analysis in this laboratory has shown that Functional Adaptability (FA) is set by the genotype, although it can be substantially modified by training. The present experiments are an extension of our earlier work and were conducted to establish quantitatively the heritability of FA in man. Heritability refers to the proportion of the variation in FA which is attributable to genetic predisposition, while FA refers to the upper limit of adaptional response of the organism to a metabolic stressor, and is characterised by the Maximal Aerobic Power (MAP) and Maximal Anaerobic Capacity (MAC). One hundred Monozygotic (MZ) and Dizygotic (DZ) twins ran to exhaustion on progressively increasing work loads on the motor driven treadmill, in order to determine their MAP, MAC and maximal cardiac output. Their zygosity was diagnosed on the basis of morphology, dermatoglyphics and blood groups. The contribution of heritability to FA was disclosed by variance analysis and by the equation: [Formula: see text] where H = Heritability; 6 D 2 = variance of FA within DZ twins and 6 M 2 = variance of FA within MZ twins. Findings were discussed in relation to trainability and specific attributes which limit functional adaptability.
Single agent Taxol, 3-hour infusion, in untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: V. Alberola, R. Rosell, J.L. Gonzàlez-Larriba, F. Molina, F. Ayala, J. García-Conde, D. Benito, J.M. Pérez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1995)
Treatment of Fracture of Clavicle.
Authors: A. S. Kinnaman
Journal: JAMA (1892)

—With the exception of the femur, there is no bone fracture with which the surgeon meets where a shortening so uniformly results as in the clavicle. The testimony of surgeons from Hippocrates to the present time in that however careful the treatment of this fracture, deformity almost always results. The difficulty does not lie in the reduction of the fracture, for as a rule this is very easily accomplished; the trouble we meet is in retaining the reduction sufficiently long for nature to establish an osseous union, even after the parts are properly adjusted the slightest movement of the head, arm, or even the movements occasioned by respiration are frequently sufficient to displace the fragments again to the position they occupied before their reduction. I would like to call the attention of the profession to a treatment that has proved successful, that is the use of the bone dowel or
Glycyrrhizic acid alters Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus latency, triggering p53-mediated apoptosis in transformed B lymphocytes
Authors: Francesca Curreli, Alvin E. Friedman-Kien, Ornella Flore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked with all clinical forms of Kaposi sarcoma and several lymphoproliferative disorders. Like other herpesviruses, KSHV becomes latent in the infected cells, expressing only a few genes that are essential for the establishment and maintenance of its latency and for the survival of the infected cells. Inhibiting the expression of these latent genes should lead to eradication of herpesvirus infection. All currently available drugs are ineffective against latent infection. Here we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that latent infection with KSHV in B lymphocytes can be terminated by glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpenoid compound earlier shown to inhibit the lytic replication of other herpesviruses. We demonstrate that GA disrupts latent KSHV infection by downregulating the expression of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and upregulating the expression of viral cyclin and selectively induces cell death of KSHV-infected cells. We show that reduced levels of LANA lead to p53 reactivation, an increase in ROS, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which result in G1 cell cycle arrest, DNA fragmentation, and oxidative stress–mediated apoptosis. Latent genes are involved in KSHV-induced oncogenesis, and strategies to interfere with their expression might prove useful for eradicating latent KSHV infection and have future therapeutic implications.
Blood group as a prognostic indicator in breast cancer.
Authors: P J Holdsworth, J Thorogood, E A Benson, A D Clayden
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A retrospective analysis of 1001 patients with invasive breast cancer showed a difference in survival between patients with different blood groups. Analysis of time from operation to local recurrence and to general recurrence reinforced this finding. The difference between blood groups became increasingly significant after accepted prognostic factors were allowed for. Patients at particularly high risk of early death or general recurrence were those with blood groups B and AB, those with group AB having a greater relative local recurrence rate.
Transfected plasmacytoma cells do not transport the membrane form of IgM to the cell surface.
Authors: J Hombach, F Sablitzky, K Rajewsky, M Reth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Expression vectors coding for membrane-bound IgM antibodies were introduced into myeloma and B lymphoma cells. Only the lymphoma but not the myeloma cells were able to express the antibodies on the cell surface, although in both cases, complete antibodies were assembled intracellularly. In myeloma cells, the Ig molecules did not reach the Golgi compartment. Thus, the intracellular transport of membrane-bound antibodies is controlled in the B cell lineages in a developmentally ordered fashion.
Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis and the autophagic effects of silver nanoparticles in mouse embryonic fibroblasts
Authors: Yu-Hsuan Lee, Fong-Yu Cheng, Hui-Wen Chiu, Jui-Chen Tsai, Chun-Yong Fang, Chun-Wan Chen, Ying-Jan Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
The rapid transit system for patients with fractures of proximal femur.
Authors: J M Sikorski, N J Davis, J Senior
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The rapid transit system for patients with fractures of the proximal femur consists of immediate internal fixation or replacement of the fractured bone under spinal anaesthesia, without any sedation. Patients are mobilised within hours of surgery and sent home as soon as they can walk. They are supervised at home by both an experienced physiotherapist and a visiting nurse. Sixty nine patients admitted to a metropolitan teaching hospital were considered for the system and 50 were accepted. Their age distribution and level of general ill health were comparable with those in other series. The rapid transit system resulted in 90% of patients accepted being discharged to their homes within the first five days, with a lower morbidity and a mortality at three months of 7%. Using the rapid transit system rehabilitation in the original environment is difficult only if the patient lives alone, and even then temporary support is often enough to allow them to return home.
Radioactive substances decontamination exercise
Authors: J K Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1990)

None the less, the paper does give some cause for optimism.Its authorship, from both medicine and personnel management, may reflect a new recognition that local solutions are more likely to come from cooperation than confrontation.It provides rare data to add to the continuing debate on what doctors actually do, and it notes (although, revealingly, no comment is made) that the ad- mitting house physician does not go to bed for 34 hours.Let us hope it is read by Mrs Bottomley and her working party.
Differentiation of Parathyroid Hyperplasia from Adenoma
Authors: Howard Rasmussen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The development of the technic of radioimmunoassay for the detection of peptide hormones in blood by Berson and Yalow1 must rank as one of the major advances in endocrine physiology and clinical endocrinology. Its development has allowed us to expand considerably our knowledge of how hormonal secretion is controlled, and how the different hormones interact in regulating metabolism. It has, as well, given the clinician an extremely important and highly accurate tool with which to define the pathogenesis of various endocrinopathies. The immunoassay of insulin, growth hormone and a number of other peptide hormones has now become a matter of . . .
The Application of Immunochemical Techniques to the Study of Protein Hormones.
Authors: J. C. Beck
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962The Application of Immunochemical Techniques to the Study of Protein Hormones.J. C. Beck, M.D. (Assoc.), E. E. McGarry, M.D. (Assoc.)J. C. Beck, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this author, E. E. McGarry, M.D. (Assoc.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-673_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAntibodies to insulin and anterior pituitary hormone preparations from various species have been produced in rabbits. Using the hemagglutination reaction, antisera to growth hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone preparations and human chorionic gonadotrophin were found to be species specific, in contrast to antisera to insulin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and thyrotrophin, which did not show species specificity. Hormone specificity of antisera was also demonstrated by the ability to inhibit the biological activity of the respective hormone antigen in vitro. Such experiments with inhibition have also been used to demonstrate the specificity of the biological activity of various hormones. Fluorescein-tagged gamma globulin preparations of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. C. Beck, M.D. (Assoc.); E. E. McGarry, M.D. (Assoc.)Affiliations: Montreal Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 673-673KeywordsFollicle-stimulating hormoneGlobulinsGrowth hormoneHemagglutinationHormonesInsulinProlactinProteinsRabbitsSpecificity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Explaining “Unexplained Illnesses”: Disease Paradigm for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Fibromyalgia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Gulf War Syndrome
Authors: Dan A. Henry
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes19 August 2008Explaining “Unexplained Illnesses”: Disease Paradigm for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Fibromyalgia, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Gulf War SyndromeDan A. Henry, MDDan A. Henry, MDFrom the University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Connecticut.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-4-200808190-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Pall ML. 446 pages. New York: Informa; 2007. $39.95. ISBN 9780789023896. Order atwww.informahealthcare.com.Field of medicine: Medicine and family medicine.Format: Hardcover and softcover book.Audience: Clinicians who are involved in the care of patients with the diseases listed in the book title or are interested in more information.Purpose: To show the scientific evidence that elevated levels of potent oxidants in the body can explain the manifestations of these diseases and rationale for potential treatments.Content: Chapters 1 and 2 review the mechanisms of how elevated levels of nitric oxide and its oxidant product peroxynitrite can explain the clinical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Connecticut. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 4Page: 288KeywordsAutismChronic fatigue syndromeFibromyalgiaInfectious diseasesMultiple sclerosisNitric oxidePatientsPosttraumatic stress disorderPsychological stressSoftware tools ePublished: 19 August 2008 Issue Published: 19 August 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Reduced birthweight and length in the offspring of females exposed to PCDFs, PCP, and lindane.
Authors: W Karmaus, N Wolf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The objective of this study was to investigate a broad range of adverse health outcomes and their potential association to wood preservative used in daycare centers. This article focuses on reproductive effects. A sample of 221 exposed teachers was provided by the employer's liability insurers. A comparison group (n = 189) insured by the same two organizations was recruited from nonexposed daycare centers. In a face-to-face interview, job history and reproductive history of 398 female teachers were ascertained. Data on exposure were provided, including measurements on concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and lindane in wood panels, and of PCP, lindane, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in indoor air. An exposure matrix based on individual job history, independent exposure information from each center, and reproductive history was set up with regard to the vulnerable time windows for each pregnancy. Using this approach, 49 exposed and 507 nonexposed pregnancies were identified, including 32 exposed and 386 nonexposed live births. For subgroup analyses the observations were restricted to independent pregnancies, excluding multiple and consecutive births. The data were analyzed with linear regression techniques, taking confounders into account. The crude median difference between exposed and nonexposed was 175 g in birthweight and 2 cm in length. Controlling for confounders, the results show a significantly reduced but weight (p = 0.04) and length (p = 0.02) in exposed pregnancies, even after restricting the data to independent pregnancies and pregnancies for which data could be validated from the mother's health cards. These differences were not explained by differences in gestational age indicating that a toxic effect, which could cause small-for date newborns, might have affected the fetus.
Infantile Amaurotic Familial Idiocy
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Leukocyte granulation and alkaline phosphatase activity in leukocytes were studied in a group of patients with infantile amaurotic familial idiocy (Tay-Sachs disease) and a comparable group of control children. Statistically significant differences could not be demonstrated. The only patient in this series with late infantile amaurotic familial idiocy (Bielschowsky-Jansky disease) showed increased granulation of the neutrophils in his peripheral blood as well as an elevated alkaline phosphatase value in the leukocytes.
Poorest children under 10 are 40% more likely to die than the richest
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Children in the United Kingdom born into the lowest socioeconomic group have a 40% increased chance of dying in the first 10 years of life compared with children born into the highest group, a new study has shown.

The study was published in the same week that the UK government had to admit that it had narrowly failed to meet its target of lifting 400 000 children out of poverty by 2004-5. It also showed that hospital admission rates for 14 groups of diseases were also related to social class …
Prioritising health services in an era of limits: the Oregon experience.
Authors: J A Kitzhaber
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Prostaglandins E<sub>2</sub> and F<sub>2</sub>α administered by mouth were used to induce labour in 100 patients between 35 and 44 weeks of gestation. The usual effective dose of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> was 0·5 and of F<sub>2</sub>α 5 mg. These were repeated every two hours until labour was established. Induction was successful in 79 out of 80 women treated with oral prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> and in 16 out of 20 women treated with F<sub>2</sub>α
TCT-693 Influence of Body-Mass-Index on Survival of Aortic Stenosis Patients Treated by Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights on Obesity-Paradox from The PARTNER Trial
Authors: Danny Dvir, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Dion Stub, David A. Wood, Ke Xu, Sandra Lauck, Rakesh M. Suri, Augusto Pichard, Philippe Genereux, Vinod Thourani, Martin Leon, Webb John
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with attempted entry into the cell cycle.
Authors: J S Gill, A J Windebank
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Platinum compounds induce apoptosis in malignant cells and are used extensively in the treatment of cancer. Total dose is limited by development of a sensory neuropathy. We now demonstrate that when rats are administered cisplatin (2 mg/kg i.p. for 5 d), primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion die by apoptosis. This was reproduced by exposure of dorsal root ganglion neurons and PC12 cells to cisplatin (3 microg/ml) in vitro. Apoptosis was confirmed by electron microscopy, DNA laddering, and inhibition by the caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk (100 microM). Cell death in vitro was preceded by upregulation of cyclin D1, cdk4, and increased phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein; all are indicators of cell cycle advancement. The level of p16(INK4a), an endogenous inhibitor of the cyclin D1/cdk4 complex decreased. Exposure of PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons to increased levels of nerve growth factor (100 ng/ ml) prevented both apoptosis and upregulation of the cell cycle markers. Cancer cells without nerve growth factor receptors (gp140TrkA) were not protected by the neurotrophin. This indicated that cisplatin may kill cancer cells and neurons by a similar mechanism. In postmitotic neurons, this involves an attempt to re-enter the cell cycle resulting in apoptosis which is specifically prevented by nerve growth factor.