tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An oncolytic measles virus engineered to enter cells through the CD20 antigen
Authors: Amanda D Bucheit, Shaji Kumar, Deanna M Grote, Yukang Lin, Veronika von Messling, Roberto B Cattaneo, Adele K Fielding
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

We have earlier shown that attenuated measles virus (MV) has therapeutic potential as a replicating oncolytic virus in models of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In the current study, we investigated whether we could obtain replicating MVs capable of entering CD20+ target cells through an interaction between a single-chain (scFv) anti-CD20 antibody and the CD20 antigen, a target of considerable clinical relevance in NHL. We replaced the H envelope glycoprotein of MV by an H-scFv anti-CD20 fusion protein with and without a protease-cleavable linker. Biochemical analysis of purified virions confirmed that the modified H proteins were incorporated into the viral particles with efficiency similar to unmodified H. Experiments employing CHO cells and CHO cells expressing human CD20 indicated that the MVHαCD20 viruses were able to replicate well in CHOCD20 but not CHO cells. MVHαCD20 or a nonmodified control MV were administered systemically to immunodeficient mice bearing bilateral human tumor xenografts, one side with and the other side without CD20 expression. Growth of CD20+ tumors was retarded by MVHαCD20 as compared with the control virus. The viruses had equivalent effects on the CD20− tumors. Thus we have demonstrated that the entry of a replicating oncolytic virus can be mediated through an interaction between a highly clinically relevant single-chain antibody and its target antigen, and we have shown that this interaction enhances in vivo oncolytic activity.
Treatments for Graves' Disease
Authors: Paul W. Ladenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

ALL three current treatments for hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease are remarkably effective. When prescribed properly and taken faithfully, the thionamide antithyroid drugs control hyperthyroidism in almost all patients. Radioactive-iodine therapy and surgical thyroidectomy are both extremely effective and usually result in permanent cure. Nonetheless, it is often difficult for patients with Graves' disease and their physicians to choose among these options, not because of major differences in efficacy, but because of concern about the demonstrated and conceivable side effects associated with each type of therapy. Antithyroid drug treatment is occasionally complicated by troublesome hypersensitivity reactions and, very rarely, by . . .
POSTURE AND HEART MURMURS
Authors: W. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1902)

MARCH 15, and yet have ended fatally by the sudden bursting of an intra- thoracic aneurysm.In such cases the aid of the x rays is incalculable, as it converts the possibility of an intrathoracic tumour being the cause of the pain into a certainty.This it did in my case, where it might be called a revela- tion, and it did more, for it told me that the tumour was a pulsating one, expanding laterally at each cardiac beat.Of this particular feature Dr. Watson assures me he is as certain as that the heart itself moves with each ventricular systole and diastole.By the use of the screen this is more readily made out, and indeed the print of the photograph (exhibited) shows it as an indistinct and hazy halo surrounding the tumour at its side.
Antibody Responses to the Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegaloviruses after Open-Heart and Other Surgery
Authors: Werner Henle, Gertrude Henle, Marianne Scriba, Claude R. Joyner, Frank S. Harrison, Robert von Essen, Jouko Paloheimo, Erkki Klemola
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Patients undergoing heart surgery with or without extracorporeal circulation were tested for antibody responses to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) to assess the frequency of transmission of the two viruses by these procedures. Anti-EBV responses followed both extracorporeal circulation with fresh blood and transfusions of stored blood overall in 8 per cent of 229 patients. Among 18 without preoperative antibodies anti-EBV unaccompanied by overt illness developed in six. Anti-CMV responses were noted only among the 152 patients with extracorporeal circulation overall in 35 per cent and in 59 per cent of 61 patients without preoperative antibodies. Of 72 patients specially followed, 17 formed anti-CMV de novo, accompanied in four by the postperfusion syndrome. Hepatitis-associated (Australia) antigen became detectable in one of the 72 patients, the only one in whom hepatitis B developed.
Natalizumab for Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Richard M. Ransohoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 30-year-old woman with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis presents for consideration of treatment with natalizumab after several first-line treatments have failed. Natalizumab has been shown to reduce the rates of relapse and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. However, use of this agent is restricted because of the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a serious central nervous system disorder.
The Electric Field Produced by an Eccentric Dipole in a Homogeneous Circular Conducting Lamina
Authors: ROBERT H. BAYLEY
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

In a manner essentially similar to that adopted by Helmholtz and particularized by F. N. Wilson and R. H. Bayley for the solution of the potential of the arbitrary dipole in the homogeneous spherical conductor, the corresponding solution is developed for an arbitrary dipole potential in and on the boundary of a homogeneous circular plane lamina. The formulas for the latter solution are simple when compared with those for the sphere, and should therefore prove useful in testing measuring circuits and lead methods before attacking clinical electrocardiographic problems. A table is computed for positions of the zero of potential on the boundary, using 15 equal increases of dipole eccentricity both for the circular plane lamina and for the sphere.
Mentoring Translational Science Investigators
Authors: Michael Fleming, Ellen L. Burnham, W. Charles Huskins
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
828. Promoter Strength Versus Transactivation Potential: Creating a Safer Integrating Vector
Authors: Erin L. Weber, Paula M. Cannon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The ability of retroviral and lentiviral vectors to permanently integrate into the host genome makes them attractive tools for gene therapy applications which require long-term expression. However, the benefits of permanent integration are counterbalanced by two areas of weakness: 1) the difficulty in obtaining high-level transgene expression which persists over time and 2) the potential for insertional mutagenesis and transactivation of host genes. The recent development of leukemia-like disease in SCID-X1 clinical trial patients, as well as the development of tumors in several animal models receiving retroviral gene therapy, demonstrates the problems associated with strong vector promoters. In order to create a safer integrating vector, it would be beneficial to identify promoters which drive high levels of transcription of the linked transgene but which are also less likely to transactivate. Thus, we have designed an assay system which allows both the measurement of promoter strength and the quantitation of transactivation potential. Commonly-used human and viral promoters, including retroviral LTRs, were ranked according to promoter strength by measurement of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GFP expression following transient transfection with promoter-GFP reporter constructs. In addition, transactivation potential was assayed by measuring the ability of the promoters to increase GFP MFI above baseline levels when the test promoter was placed downstream of a GFP reporter driven by a minimal promoter. All MFI data were collected from transfected cell populations which exhibited a constant MFI over a range of plasmid DNA concentrations (typically giving 5-15% GFP positive cells), indicating that the average copy number was less than one GFP construct per cell. Using these assays, we are able to identify promoters which are both high in transcriptional strength and low in transactivation potential and, thus, are better suited for use in retroviral and lentiviral vectors.
Estrogen acutely abolishes abnormal coronary vasoconstriction in male cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: Vishwaleth B. Bhoopalam, Srinivas Murali, Peter J. Counihan, A.J.Conrad Smith, Marc D. Feldman, Howard A. Cohen, Si M. Pham, Kathleen A. Zell, Steven E. Reis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Iron chelation beyond transfusion iron overload
Authors: Antonello Pietrangelo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

The effects of systemic iron overload in hereditary (e.g., classic HFE hemochromatosis) or acquired disorders (e.g., transfusion-dependent iron overload) are well known. Several other iron overload diseases, with an observed mild-to-moderate increase in iron in selected organs (e.g., the liver or the brain), or with "misdistribution" of iron within cells (e.g., reticuloendothelial cells) or subcellular organelles (e.g., mitochondria), have been recognized more recently. The deleterious impact of any excess iron may be high as active redox iron may directly contribute to cell damage or affect signaling pathways involved in cell necrosis-apoptosis or organ fibrosis and cancer. This article discusses the potential use of iron chelation therapy to treat iron overload from causes other than transfusion overload.
THE TEETH AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN PATHOGENESIS
Authors: H. A. POTTS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

My object is to call the attention of physicians and dentists alike to the importance of further study and preparation for work in a field which has no hard and fast boundaries but which is widely overlapped by both medicine and dentistry. Because of the diverse relations of medicine to dentistry and dentistry to medicine it is important that the dentist be versed in general medicine; also that the physician be conversant with more of the general conditions which make up the specialty called dentistry, which has been known as a profession apart from and unconnected with medicine. It is necessary that the practitioner, whether he be dentist or physician, should understand the etiology and pathology as it pertains to the case in hand, a living pathology, as it were. Only this condition permits of the practice of logical therapeutics. The teeth, during the entire life of the individual, play
Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Their Interaction in the Origin of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: E Kaklamani, D Trichopoulos, A Tzonou, X Zavitsanos, Y Koumantaki, A Hatzakis, C C Hsieh, S Hatziyannis
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Serum taken from patients in a case-control study in Athens, Greece, was used to examine the interactive roles of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An enzyme immunoassay for anti-HCV was used to test serum taken from 185 cases with HCC, 35 cases with metastatic liver cancer (MLC), and 432 hospital controls. Weakly positive anti-HCV results were more strongly related to MLC than to HCC, implying that these anti-HCV results are false positive. By contrast, strongly positive anti-HCV results were significantly related to HCC (relative risk [RR], 6.3), whereas no significant association was evident for MLC (RR, 0.6). The association of anti-HCV with HCC was substantially higher among subjects whose radioimmunoassay was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (RR, 20.0) than among those whose radioimmunoassay was negative for this marker (RR, 4.8). These findings indicate that HCV infection has an interactive role in the origin of HCC. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1974-1976)
A SCARLATINIFORM RASH FROM ATOPHAN
Authors: W. W. Herrick
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The patient, a woman aged 38, was admitted to the Medical Service of Roosevelt Hospital May 30, 1913, suffering from an acute polyarthritis involving knees, ankles, wrists, cervical spine, the temporomaxillary and many interphalangeal joints. The maximum temperature was 103. There was no history of previous attacks nor was there any cardiac involvement.  Drug treatment was begun with large doses of sodium salicylate, 240 grains being given each twenty-four hours, from May 30 to June 4. The temperature fell to 101, but pain was not relieved. June 4 the sodium salicylate was discontinued and atophan 15 grains given three times a day to June 7, when the same dose was given every four hours. This was continued until June 11, when the dose was made 7½ grains every four hours. Pain was relieved and the tempera ture fell to 99.  June 13 there was a sudden rise of temperature to
Circumferential Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in Barrett’s Esophagus with High-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia or Mucosal Cancer. Preliminary Results in 21 Patients
Authors: M. Giovannini, E. Bories, C. Pesenti, V. Moutardier, G. Monges, C. Danisi, B. Lelong, J. R. Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Treatment by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been established for early lesions in Barrett's esophagus. However, the remaining Barrett's esophagus epithelium remains at risk of developing further lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of circumferential endoscopic mucosectomy (circumferential EMR)s in removing not only the index lesion (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) or mucosal cancer), but also the remaining Barrett's esophagus epithelium.A total of 21 patients were included in the study (11 men, 10 women), who had Barrett's esophagus and either HGIN (n = 12) or mucosal cancer (n = 9). Of the patients, 17/21 were at high surgical risk and five had refused surgery. On the basis of preprocedure endosonography their lesions were classified as T1N0 (n = 19) or T0N0 (n = 2). The lesions and the Barrett's esophagus epithelium were removed by polypectomy after submucosal injection of 10-15 ml of saline; a double-channel endoscope was used in 15/21 cases. Circumferential EMR was performed in two sessions, the lesion and the surrounding half of the circumferential Barrett's esophagus mucosa being removed in the first session. In order to prevent the formation of esophageal stenosis, the second half of the Barrett's esophagus mucosa was resected 1 month later.Complications occurred in 4/21 patients (19 %), consisting of bleeding which was successfully managed by endoscopic hemostasis in all cases. No strictures were observed during follow-up (mean duration 18 months) and endoscopic resection was considered complete in 18/21 patients (86 %). For three patients, histological examination showed incomplete removal of tumor: one of these underwent surgery; two received chemoradiotherapy, and showed no evidence of residual tumor at 18 months' and 24 months' follow-up, respectively. Two patients in whom resection was initially classified as complete later presented with local recurrence and were treated again by EMR. Barrett's esophagus mucosa was completely replaced by squamous cell epithelium in 15/20 patients (75 %).Circumferential EMR is a noninvasive treatment of Barrett's esophagus with HGIN or mucosal cancer, with a low complication rate and good short-term clinical efficacy. Further studies should focus on long-term results and on technical improvements.
Coxsackie and mumpsvirus infection in a prospective study of acute pancreatitis.
Authors: C W Imrie, J C Ferguson, R G Sommerville
Journal: Gut (1977)

A prospective study of 116 patients with acute pancreatitis included routine screening for evidence of viral infection. Five patients (all female) exhibited significant rising antibody titres to Coxsackie B or mumpsvirus, while none of the remaining 111 patients did. Diarrhoea was a prodromal feature of the pancreatitis in those patients with evidence of viral disease. Screening patients with acute pancreatitis for Coxsackie B and mumpsvirus infections is worthwhile in the identification of aetiological factors and may minimise protracted biliary investigations. The incidence of "idiopathic" acute pancreatitis in this study was 5-2% (six patients).
Initiation, promotion, and inhibition of carcinogenesis in rainbow trout.
Authors: G Bailey, D Selivonchick, J Hendricks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The identification of etiological agents in feral fish neoplasia epizootics has been hampered in part by the lack of suitable fish models, and complicated by the likely existence of environmental agents which can act to stimulate or reduce population responses to genotoxin insult. The response of fish to tumor inhibitors and promoters, and the underlying mechanisms of modulation, have been studied in the rainbow trout model. Dietary treatment of trout with the compounds indole-3-carbinol (I3C), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), or the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) complex Aroclor 1254, before and during exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), was shown to reduce the final incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after 12 months, compared to fish receiving AFB1 only. By contrast, treatment of trout with BNF or I3C following AFB1 initiation led to a significant enhancement of ultimate tumor response. Similarly, simultaneous treatment of trout with PCB and the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine led to syncarcinogenic enhancement, rather than inhibition, of tumor response. Mechanisms of inhibition of AFB1 carcinogenesis by PCB, BNF, and I3C were investigated. PCB and BNF, but not I3C, are known to be strong inducers of trout cytochrome P448 and associated activities. Dietary induction by BNF or PCB was shown to be accompanied in isolated hepatocytes by considerably altered AFB1 metabolism, and by significantly reduced rates of DNA adduct formation for all three agents. All agents differentially altered in vivo AFB1 pharmacokinetics, enhanced bile elimination of AFB1 as the aflatoxicol-M1 glucuronide, and significantly reduced peak levels of liver DNA adduct formation. No effects were seen on repair of AFB1-DNA adducts, which was very slow in trout.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANTISTREPTOCOCCUS SERUM TO THE TREATMENT OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS.
Authors: GEORGE E. RANNEY
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Since the first disturbances of unknown origin in the puerperal state, up to the time of Semmelweiss, who stimulated investigation of fever in the puerperal state, this subject has been the bone of contention and the modus operandi for its successful treatment has been the highest aim of all clinicians. Serum therapy has been deemed ideal for the treatment of diseases due to specific organisms. Pasteur, Koch, Behring and others contended that the bodily functions in the destruction of toxins could be increased by the introduction of the attenuated serum of those definite organisms. Theoretically this worked admirably, but thus far the only successes are in diphtheria and tetanus, and in the many experiments conducted with antistreptococcus serum we do not in all the literature find one report of its value in the prevention of infection from the streptococcus. In animal experimentation, J. Petruschy<sup>1</sup>says: "The protective power against
Varicella zoster-associated gastric ulcers, hepatitis and pancreatitis in an immunocompromised patient
Authors: R. Remmerswaal, A. de Vries, D. Ramsoekh, H. van Buuren
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 62-year-old man presented with severe, continuous abdominal pain to a general hospital. His previous medical history revealed autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma 3 months before admission. This was complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) for which treatment was instituted with 25 mg prednisone per day. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed evidence of acute pancreatitis and despite appropriate treatment intense abdominal pain persisted. During the following days he developed a skin rash, which was interpreted as drug-induced, and a generalized seizure. After 7 days he was referred to our hospital. Physical examination revealed an ill man in great pain. On clinical examination he had a maculovesicular rash on the face, trunk, and abdomen ([Fig. 1]). Laboratory investigation showed elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase of 1038 U/l (normal 0 – 36 U/l), alanine aminotransferase 848 U/l (normal 0 – 40 U/l), amylase 158 U/l (normal 0 – 99 U/l), C-reactive protein 57 mg/l (normal 0 – 9 mg/l), and leukocyte count 3.2 × 109/L (normal, 3.5 – 10.0 × 109/L). A chest X-ray showed diffuse infiltrative pulmonary abnormalities. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed multiple well-demarcated superficial erosions with a white patchy surface in the esophagus ([Fig. 2]). In the fundus, corpus, and antrum of the stomach, multiple ulcers with central necrosis were present, ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm in diameter ([Fig. 3]). The abdominal pain, skin rash, and the multiple ulcerations in the esophagus and stomach raised clinical suspicion of varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed VZV genome in serum, as well as in skin and gastric biopsies.
Hemoglobin sickle‐lepore: Report of two siblings and review of the literature
Authors: Daniel P. Seward, Russell E. Ware, Thomas R. Kinney
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Hemoglobin Lepore is composed of two normal α‐globin chains and two δ‐β fusion globin chains that result from nonhomologous crossing over of genetic material during meiosis. The doubly heterozygous condition of sickle hemoglobin with Lepore hemoglobin (Hb S‐Lepore) is rare, having been described previously in only nine patients. We report two siblings with Hb S‐Lepore who have similar hematologic characteristics but a marked difference in clinical severity. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in proto-oncogene GFI1 cause human neutropenia and target ELA2
Authors: Richard E Person, Feng-Qian Li, Zhijun Duan, Kathleen F Benson, Jeremy Wechsler, Helen A Papadaki, George Eliopoulos, Christina Kaufman, Salvatore J Bertolone, Betty Nakamoto, Thalia Papayannopoulou, H Leighton Grimes, Marshall Horwitz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)