tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Diabetic Kidney
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THYROTOXICOSIS: ITS MEDICAL ASPECTS
Authors: L. Horder
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Despite the fact that some care was taken in choosing the title of this discussion, the term finally decided upon is perhaps still not very satisfactory.While the word " thyrotoxicosis " is sufficiently general to include in our deliberations, as was intended, conditions other than the syndrome which Graves described just one hundred years ago, it has the disadvantage that it postulates a basic fact which has never been established.There is no in-
Risk of hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis after double-balloon enteroscopy: a prospective study
Authors: S. Zepeda-Gómez, R. Barreto-Zuñiga, S. Ponce-de-León, A. Meixueiro-Daza, J. Herrera-López, J. Camacho, F. Tellez-Avila, F. Valdovinos-Andraca, F. Vargas-Vorackova
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background and study aims: There have been reports, mainly retrospective, of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after anterograde double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). Our aim was to report the incidence of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia after DBE and investigate possible risk factors associated with its occurrence.
Do dietary lectins cause disease?
Authors: D. L J Freed
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In 1988 a hospital launched a “healthy eating day” in its staff canteen at lunchtime. One dish contained red kidney beans, and 31 portions were served. At 3 pm one of the customers, a surgical registrar, vomited in theatre. Over the next four hours 10 more customers suffered profuse vomiting, some with diarrhoea. All had recovered by next day. No pathogens were isolated from the food, but the beans contained an abnormally high concentration of the lectin phytohaemagglutinin.1 Lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins present in most plants, especially seeds and tubers like cereals, potatoes, and beans. Until recently their main use was as histology and blood transfusion reagents, but in the past two decades we have realised that many lectins are ( a ) toxic, inflammatory, or both; ( b ) resistant to cooking and digestive enzymes; and ( c ) present in much of our food.2 It is thus no surprise that they sometimes cause “food poisoning.” But the really disturbing finding came with the discovery in 1989 that some food lectins get past the gut wall and deposit themselves in distant organs. 3 4 So do they cause real life diseases?

This is no academic question because diet is one part of …
Gastro-duodenal Mucosal Prolapse After Billroth I Gastrectomy
Authors: G. P. G. Sim
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Isolation of Reovirus Type 3-Bell et al. yBRl 1517 reovirus type 3.One of the others appears to be herpes simplex, while the twelfth has not yet been identified.The appearance of these reovirus strains in the electron microscope and their effects on mice were characteristic, and it is concluded that reovirus is associated with at least a proportion of the cases of Burkitt's lymphoma.The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of new epidemiological evidence.
SUPPRESSION OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN VITRO BY INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Authors: John R. David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Peritoneal cells from guinea pigs exhibiting delayed hypersensitivity are inhibited from migrating in vitro by specific antigen. This inhibition is prevented by the addition of puromycin to the culture medium. The amount of puromycin necessary to prevent the inhibition by antigen also suppressed the incorporation of C(14)-leucine into peritoneal cell protein. Additional evidence that the action of puromycin is due to its inhibition of protein synthesis has been obtained with analogues of puromycin; those that inhibit protein synthesis also prevent the action of antigen on the cells, while those analogues that do not inhibit protein synthesis have no effect. Actinomycin also prevents the inhibition of sensitive cells by antigen while chloramphenicol has no effect. The data indicate that the inhibition of sensitive cell migration by antigen requires active protein synthesis. The possible mechanisms by which inhibition of protein synthesis may influence the in vitro reactions of delayed hypersensitivity are discussed.
Do Cognitive Complaints in Euthymic Bipolar Patients Reflect Objective Cognitive Impairment?
Authors: A. Martínez-Arán, E. Vieta, F. Colom, C. Torrent, M. Reinares, J.M. Goikolea, A. Benabarre, M. Comes, J. Sánchez-Moreno
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2005)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; In clinical practice, bipolar patients complain of cognitive deficits such as attentional or memory disturbances. The main aim of this study was to determine whether subjective cognitive complaints were associated with objective neuropsychological impairments. &lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt; Sixty euthymic bipolar patients were assessed through a neuropsychological battery. A structured clinical interview was used to determine subjective cognitive complaints in patients. Thirty healthy controls were also included in the study in order to compare the neuropsychological performance among groups. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Bipolar patients with a higher number of episodes, especially the number of mixed episodes, longer duration of the illness and the onset of the illness at an earlier age showed more subjective complaints. Furthermore, bipolar patients with subjective complaints showed lower scores in several cognitive measures related to attention, memory and executive function compared with the control group. Nevertheless, patients without complaints also performed less well than controls in some neuropsychological measures. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; Bipolar patients who were aware of cognitive deficits were more chronic, had presented more previous episodes, especially mixed type, and their illness had started at an earlier age compared with patients who did not complain about cognitive problems. Moreover, patients with good cognitive insight also had a poorer social and occupational functioning as well as a poorer neuropsychological performance. However, the bipolar group without complaints also obtained lower scores in several tests compared with healthy controls. Cognitive status of bipolar patients should be routinely assessed, regardless of the patients awareness about their cognitive deficits.
TV: Drug Laws Don't Work: The Phoney War
Authors: C. Drummond
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Channel 4, 19 June at 9 pm

In 1940, after Allied forces had sustained a crippling defeat at Dunkirk, Britain faced the prospect of Nazi invasion in its “darkest hour.” Nazi propaganda sought to undermine British resolve, in part through the broadcasts of Lord Haw Haw. Resistance to the marauding Nazi war machine was purported to be pointless, and anyway, Nazis were actually very nice people who had Britain's best interests at heart.



Davis: calling for heroin to be legalised

(Credit: CHANNEL FOUR)



Nick Davies's Channel 4 documentary, The Phoney War , encourages many wartime parallels. His thesis is that governments around the world, including Britain's, are waging a pointless, harmful war against drugs. He claims that heroin is not an inherently dangerous drug. No, the real problem with heroin stems …
Sleep Deprivation and Performance of Residents-Reply
Authors: Timothy F. Deaconson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Sleep deprivation and resident performance is a sensitive topic and we realize that the results of our study may not please all. We sought to document decrements in performance due to being on call and were prepared to find the assumptions bruited in the media to be correct. We found otherwise. Corroboration or invalidation of our findings requires independent study by others. This is the real challenge to many of our correspondents. Physician sleep deprivation is a complex issue in which objectives relating to patient care appear to be in conflict. Patients expect their physician to respond whenever they are in need and, further, to continue to provide care throughout their illness. Patients also expect physicians to deliver care that meets accepted standards. Does loss of sleep in fulfillment of the first expectation impair fulfillment of the second? What parameters define a balance between these commitments to which
Student audit of clinical teaching: a three year study.
Authors: D N Lockwood, L H Goldman, I C McManus
Journal: BMJ (1985)

An audit of teaching to junior clinical students in the University of Birmingham organised by students identified several surgical and medical firms on which they received little clinical teaching. Consultants spent an average of four and a half hours a week teaching junior students on the wards, arrived about 10 minutes late for that teaching, but missed less than 10% of teaching sessions. Junior students missed less than 10% of consultant teaching sessions and found them useful, though not always stimulating. Audit organised by students is an acceptable method of monitoring the informal teaching received by clinical students.
The Rac1 Regulator ELMO1 Controls Vascular Morphogenesis in Zebrafish
Authors: Daniel Epting, Björn Wendik, Katrin Bennewitz, Christian T. Dietz, Wolfgang Driever, Jens Kroll
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Angiogenesis is regulated by the small GTPase Rac1. The ELMO1/DOCK180 complex forms a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rac1, regulating its activation during cell migration in different biological systems.To investigate the function of ELMO1/DOCK180 in vascular development.In situ hybridization studies for elmo1 identified a vascular and neuronal expression in zebrafish. Morpholino-based expression silencing of elmo1 severely impaired the formation of the vasculature, including intersomitic vessels, the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel, the parachordal vessel, and the development of the thoracic duct in tg(fli1:EGFP) embryos. Mechanistically, we identified Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5B as upstream activators of the ELMO1/DOCK180 complex, regulating its functional interaction and leading to Rac1 activation in endothelial cells and vessel formation in zebrafish.Our data have identified a novel signaling cascade regulating vasculature formation in zebrafish.
An Unusual Case of Sporotrichosis
Authors: Maurice L. Sievers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

SPOROTRICHOSIS is a chronic fungous infection caused by Sporotrichum schenckii. Characteristically, nodular lesions appear in the lymphatic channels, skin or subcutaneous tissue and later break down to form indolent ulcers, referred to as sporotrichotic chancres. The organism exists parasitically on many plants and timbers and is infectious for many animals, including man.1 , 2 The usual portal of entry in man is at a site of trauma to the skin. Initial lesions appear from twenty days to three months after inoculation.1 Although some difference of opinion persists3 most American authors agree that there is only one species of sporotrichum responsible for human . . .
Fergus James Macartney
Authors: Bob Anderson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​ProfessorProfessor of paediatric cardiology University of Amsterdam (b 1940, q Cambridge 1967), died from Parkinson's disease on 29 November 2005.



Figure 1



Fergus Macartney began his practice in Leeds as a consultant aged 29. His tenure of the newly created chair of paediatric cardiology at Great Ormond Street in London in 1975 established the road map for diagnosing congenital cardiac malformations using cross sectional echocardiography, as well as the system for classification and coding now used globally. He was also one of the first to use computers in clinical practice for decision making. He forsook clinical medicine to be an ordained minister, but he returned in 1991 as professor in the Academisch Medisch Centrum of the University of Amsterdam. He leaves a wife, Jackie, and three daughters.
On the Treatment of Puerperal Convulsions
Authors: H. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1844)

We simultaneously measure both the step size, via FIONA, and the 3-D orientation, via DOPI, of the light-chain domain of individual dimeric myosin VIs. This allows for the correlation of the change in orientation of the light chain domain to the stepping of the motor. Three different pairs of positions were tested using a rigid bifunctional rhodamine on the calmodulin of the IQ domain. The data for all three labeling positions support the model that the light chain domain undergoes a significant rotation of approximately 180°. Contrary to an earlier study [Sun, Y. et al. (2007) Mol Cell 28, 954–964], our data does not support a model of multiple angles of the lever arm of the lead head, nor “wiggly” walking on actin. Instead, we propose that for the two heads of myosin VI to coordinate their processive movement, the lever arm of the lead head must be uncoupled from the converter until the rear head detaches. More specifically, intramolecular strain causes the myosin VI lever arm of the lead head to uncouple from the motor domain, allowing the motor domain to go through its product-release (phosphate and ADP) steps at an unstrained rate. The lever arm of the lead head rebinds to the motor and attains a rigor conformation when the rear head detaches. By coupling the orientation and position information with previously described kinetics, this allows us to explain how myosin VI coordinates its heads processively while maintaining the ability to move under load with a (semi-) rigid lever arm.
THE CHADS2 AND CHA2DS2-VASC SCORES PREDICT THE OCCURRENCE OF STROKE IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS WITHOUT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Stephen Wilton, Danielle A. Southern, Mei Zhang, Diane Galbraith, William A. Ghali, Merril Knudtson, Brent Mitchell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Identification of a novel 14-3-3ζ binding site within the cytoplasmic tail of platelet glycoprotein Ibα
Authors: Pierre Mangin, Tovo David, Vincent Lavaud, Susan L. Cranmer, Inna Pikovski, Shaun P. Jackson, Michael C. Berndt, Jean-Pierre Cazenave, Christian Gachet, François Lanza
Journal: Blood (2004)

Abstract The glycoprotein Ib-V-IX (GPIb-V-IX) complex interacts with subendothelial von Willebrand factor (VWF) to ensure recruitment of platelets at sites of vascular injury, a process that culminates in integrin αIIbβ3-dependent stable adhesion and spreading. Interaction of the 14-3-3ζ adaptor protein with the C-terminal 606-610 phosphoserine motif of the GPIbα subunit has been implicated in the control of αIIbβ3 activation and cell spreading. In this study, we have examined potentially novel 14-3-3ζ binding sites by expressing mutant forms of GPIbα in Chinese-hamster-ovary (CHO) cells. Analysis of a series of neighboring 11-12 residue deletions identified a critical role for the 580-LVAGRRPSALS-590 sequence in promoting GPIbα-14-3-3ζ interaction. Development of a phosphospecific antibody demonstrated high levels of phosphorylation of the Ser587 and Ser590 residues in resting platelets (which became dephosphorylated during platelet spreading on VWF), and peptides containing these phosphorylated residues effectively displaced 14-3-3ζ from GPIbα. Analysis of single and double alanine substitutions of Ser587 and Ser590 demonstrated a major role for these residues in promoting GPIbα-14-3-3ζ binding. Moreover, these cell lines exhibited a defect in cell spreading on immobilized VWF. These studies demonstrate the existence of a second major 14-3-3ζ binding site within the cytoplasmic tail of GPIbα that has an important functional role in regulating integrin-dependent cell spreading. (Blood. 2004;104:420-427)
Malcolm Eliot MacGregor
Authors: D. Snashall
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A leading figure in child health, Malcolm Eliot MacGregor was born in London to Malcolm E MacGregor (a notable medical entomologist, head of the Wellcome Entomological Field Laboratories at Esher, Surrey) and Marguerite Muncey, a practising doctor, of Washington, USA. They met in America while his father was on a pellagra commission.

He spent his childhood in Surrey and attended Milbourne Lodge preparatory school in Esher. He later attended Westminster School and St Thomas’ Hospital Medical School.

Both parents died aged 44, his father from Addison’s disease in 1933 and his mother from cancer in 1940. This left Malcolm and his brother, Gerry, in total poverty, but a Lord Kitchener medical services memorial scholarship paid for their medical education. Malcolm’s brother became a consultant physician in Guildford, before being rendered severely disabled as a result of a road traffic accident. The scholarship obliged the recipients, in return for a medical education, to spend five years in the navy after qualification.

Malcolm qualified with honours and worked initially at St Thomas’ as casualty officer and house physician to Harold Gardiner-Hill before joining the navy in the September of that year. He was at Haslar Hospital, Portsmouth, and deployed on the destroyer HMS Havant (destined originally for the Brazilian Navy), which was the subject of a serious air attack at Dunkirk that killed and wounded many of the ship’s company, and which was subsequently sunk by a British destroyer, in order to prevent any of its equipment falling into enemy hands.

Malcolm was carrying his camera, illicitly, during the raid and took many colour photographs of the action. The camera was later left in a London taxi, and he never saw it again. If the film was ever developed it would have provided whoever kept the camera with a vivid and unique …
Levodopa and Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: K. R. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1974)

bilirubinemia in the newborn, as has been suggested.5Finally, practically nothing is known.about the influence of diazepam upon the developing fetal brain or the developing neurological functions of the newborn.Thus we do not reconmnend the subchronic use of diazepam in any stage of pregnancy or in doses higher than 10-20 mg to the mother during labour.-Weare, etc.,
Single and Multiple Attacks of Transmural Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1969)

We dealt with the age and prognosis of 484 persons experiencing a first attack of true transmural myocardial infarction who survived long enough to be hospitalized and have an electrocardiogram. One hundred and one patients experienced two attacks, and 15 patients had three attacks. The third attack proved fatal in every instance and death was fairly sudden. The attrition rate for the initial attack was 21.3% for the first three months, 6.6% for the next nine, 5% for the second year, but only 2% per year between the second and 12th year. For the 101 patients who had a second attack, 39% died within three months, 47.7% after one year, and 73.5% within five years. There is not, and cannot be, an accurate death rate for first attacks in which the patient is hospitalized, since it does not include the more than 40% dead before any possible medical treatment. However, the prognosis after recovery from the first attack was accurate since all patients were observed.
CONVALESCENT WHOLE BLOOD, PLASMA AND SERUM IN PROPHYLAXIS OF MEASLES
Authors: ABRAHAM ZINGHER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The universal susceptibility of the human race to measles, and the relatively high mortality from the disease under conditions of poverty and crowding, render it desirable to have available an efficient method of protection, that could be used whenever conditions render it desirable. Such a method has been worked out and found to be of value during the last few years. It consists of the administration of small doses of convalescent measles serum as soon as possible after exposure to a case of measles. The use of convalescent serum in the prophylaxis of measles was a logical sequel to the application of human convalescent serums in preventing and curing other infectious diseases for which the causative agents, as in measles, have not yet been definitely isolated and identified. Scarlet fever<sup>1</sup>and poliomyelitis<sup>2</sup>are additional examples of infections in which the serum of convalescents and of recovered patients has
Vector-Electrocardiographic Exercise Test in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Julien H. Isaacs
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Exercise tolerance was measured in 59 subjects with functional class 2, 3, and 3-4 ischemic heart disease with a standardized treadmill exercise, the end point of which was the appearance of an ischemic ST segment, an ischemic T loop, angina, or disabling dyspnea or fatigue. Forty-seven (80%) exhibited an ischemic T loop, but only 35 (60%) exhibited an ischemic ST segment during or after exercise. Twelve of the 59 (20%), therefore, exhibited an ischemic T loop unassociated with an ischemic ST segment. Results were reproducible despite the many variables that influence the course of ischemic heart disease. These results indicate that the duration of this exercise to the appearance of electrocardiographic or vectorcardiographic changes of ischemia represents a practical and objective measure of exercise tolerance in ischemic heart disease.
Multiple significance tests
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Researchers undertook a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of zinc supplementation on the severity and duration of diarrhoea caused by cholera in children.1 Children were recruited if they had watery diarrhoea and dark field microscopy examination of stool was positive for Vibrio cholerae (confirmed by stool culture). Children were randomly allocated to zinc supplementation or placebo. The table compares the primary outcomes (duration of diarrhoea and stool output) and secondary outcomes for the zinc supplementation and placebo groups⇓. All hypothesis tests were performed using a two sided, independent samples t test, with a 0.05 (5%) critical level of significance. Zinc supplementation was found to reduce the duration and severity of diarrhoea in children with cholera. View this table: Impact of zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes in children with cholera Which of the following statements, if any, are true?