tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A genome‐wide screen on the genetics of atopy in a multiethnic European population reveals a major atopy locus on chromosome 3q21.3
Authors: T. Kurz, J. Altmueller, K. Strauch, F. Rüschendorf, A. Heinzmann, M. F. Moffatt, W. O. C. M. Cookson, F. Inacio, P. Nürnberg, H. H. Stassen, K. A. Deichmann
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Dissecting complex diseases in underlying distinct traits and studying these for their genetic basis might enhance the power as well as the specificity, of detection of disease genes. These phenoypes are known as intermediate phenotypes. Objective: We were interested in the atopic basis of asthma, and used the sensitization to mite ( Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ) allergens as a pathophysiologically important intermediate phenotype. Methods: This time we performed a genome‐wide scan based on the same already used multiethnic European population consisting of 82 nuclear families with at least two affected siblings. We carried out nonparametric as well as parametric MOD‐score analyses based on the genotypes of 603 microsatellite markers. Results: In comparison with our first genome‐wide candidate region search three novel regions additionally appeared to be significant. We obtained significant results for the region 2p12 with a MOD score of 3.35 and for the region 16q21 with a MOD score of 4.18. The most significant result was found for the region 3q21.3 with the same microsatellite marker, which showed significant linkage to atopic dermatitis (AD) in another study with a MOD score of 4.51 and an nonparametric linkage analysis (NPL) of 4.00. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that atopy, allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and AD on the one hand are distinct traits on both the clinical and genetic basis, but on the other hand, our results also underline that these traits are closely related diseases concerning the atopic basis of the traits.
Abstract 3216: Anti-proliferative properties of Euphorbia mauritanica medicinal plant against breast cancer
Authors: Mpho S. Choene, Lesetja R. Motadi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Over the decades, the increased interest in the use of natural resources in pharmaceutical and phytotherapeutic research has led to manufacture of drugs (including anti-cancer drugs) derived from natural sources With our increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer progression and cell death, it is therefore necessary to test if there are any natural products that can be used to act as antitumor agents. As breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer in females, we aimed to exploit the use of South African traditional medicine, Euphorbia mauritanica as a tool for anti breast cancer therapy. Euphorbia mauritanica was tested for anti-proliferative properties against MCF-7 and Cama-1 breast cancer cell lines. The following solvents were used to extract active compounds from E. mauritanica: n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and butanol. A real time cell analyzer (Xcelligence) was used to monitor cell growth over a period of 48 hours following treatment of cells with the extracts. Butanolic extracts showed the highest level of cytotoxicity on both MCF-7 and Cama-1 cell lines with IC50 of 15 and 30 µg/ml respectively. These were followed by hexanolic extracts with IC50 of 30 and 50 µg/ml and methanolic extracts with IC50 of 50 and 100 µg/ml. Flow cytometry using annexin V was further employed to determine if cell death was as a result of apoptosis and the data confirmed that this was most likely the case. On investigating whether the observed apoptosis was via p53 mediated pathway, western blot analysis of p53, bcl-2, caspase 9, caspase3, RBBP6 and mdm2 showed that treatment with the 3 extracts did not have a significant effect on any of these genes, suggesting that their mode of apoptosis induction maybe through an alternative apoptotic pathway. Citation Format: Mpho S. Choene, Lesetja R. Motadi. Anti-proliferative properties of Euphorbia mauritanica medicinal plant against breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3216. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3216
Time to let the patient speak.
Authors: J. N. Blau
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Time to let the patient speak J N Blau "Listen to the complaint of the patient, however tiresome or irrelevant that may seem.He will eventually tell you what is the matter with him....It is usually better in terms of both care and time to allow the flow to come to a natural halt from exhaustion of either the speaker or the material."The first half of this advice (from an experienced advocate and judge in medico- legal cases and a health service commissioner) is part of the oral tradition of medical practice.But how long is the time offlow to a natural halt?Two years ago I wrote that few patients, if uninterrupted, talk for longer than two to three minutes2 and carried out an experiment to support this contention.
Pediatric Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Walter O. Spitzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

From social and economic perspectives, the introduction of a new kind of professional to the health services of any country is an innovation of great consequence. From the clinical perspective, such an event can rival or transcend the importance of new preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in terms of its potential benefit or harm to patients. Therefore, before new professionals such as nurse practitioners become permanently assimilated into our present health-care system, their performance should stand the same rigorous scrutiny as any major new clinical method or new drug.The strategy of evaluation in each case is similar and, as . . .
Efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional CD34+ progenitor cells by combined modulation of the MEK/ERK and BMP4 signaling pathways
Authors: Sang-Wook Park, Young Jun Koh, Jongwook Jeon, Yun-Hee Cho, Mi-Jin Jang, Yujung Kang, Min-Jeong Kim, Chulhee Choi, Yee Sook Cho, Hyung-Min Chung, Gou Young Koh, Yong-Mahn Han
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Role of the Surgeon in Medical Education
Authors: Leo M. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The problem of medical school education is a concern of all surgeons involved in undergraduate teaching. A timely conference arranged by the Allen O. Whipple Surgical Society at St. Louis in 1968 faces up to these problems in a mature and intelligent way. It is true that the range of subject matter dealt with by the participants in this colloquy extends far beyond the implications of the title, but the substance of their remarks, from the ills of American medicine as a whole to curricular contents and changes, are all of vast importance and are of concern to teaching surgeons as well as to medical statesmen, educators, and health-planners. The roster of speakers included not only surgeons, but also surgically oriented educators, laymen, and physicians in other disciplines including psychiatry. From so widely diverse a selection of thinkers and topics it is obviously impossible to draw a consensus. The reader
Aspects of student health. Adolescent gynaecology.
Authors: J A Jordan
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Most adolescent gynecological problems are related to sexual activity or the development or failure of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-uterine activity. The 1st years of menstruation are usually anovulatory resulting in variable periods of amenorrhea which corrects itself in time. In profuse menstrual loss, endocrine, metabolic, and hemorrhagic disorders must be exlcuded before treatment with progesterone for endometrial hyperplasia. Primary amenorrhea requires detailed examination before diagnosis. Secondary amenorrhea is commonly caused by a disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis due to an emotional disturbance. If pregnancy is eliminated, examination and reassurance are sufficient treatment. Most dysmenorrhea may be treated with mild analgesics and reassurance; in severe cases ovulation may be inhibited by estrogen treatment. Dilation of the cervix should never be attempted. In complaints of vaginal discharge, examination should be made for trichomonas, monilia, gonorrhea, or a forgotten tampon. Requests for contraception should be taken seriously regardless of age. The combined contraceptive pill or Gravigard or copper 7 IUD is the method of choice. Lower abdominal pain caused by pelvic inflammatory disease should be treated early to prevent tubal occlusion after salpingitis. Evidence of higher cervical cancer incidence among women who were sexually active in adolescence suggests routine cervical cytology should be performed. Treatment of adolescents should dispel ignorance and embarrassment with patience and skill.
Coronary vasodilation is impaired in both hypertrophied and nonhypertrophied myocardium of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A study with nitrogen-13 ammonia and positron emission tomography
Authors: Paolo Camici, Giampaolo Chiriatti, Roberto Lorenzoni, Riccardo C. Bellina, Roberto Gistri, Gessica Italiani, Oberdan Parodi, Piero A. Salvadori, Nicola Nista, Lauro Papi, Antonio L'abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
The Global Thymus Network: past, present and future
Authors: Yousuke Takahama, Takashi Saito, Hiroshi Kawamoto, Manami Itoi, Richard L. Boyd, Ann Chidgey, Rose Zamoyska, Georg A. Holländer, Graham Anderson, Naomi Taylor, Howard T. Petrie, Janko Nikolich-Zugich
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2009)
Patents in synthetic biology
Authors: S. Chan, J. Sulston
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, older age and male gender, which are all risk factors for severe COVID-19. We aimed to study if OSA is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection or for severe COVID-19. <h3>Methods</h3> OSA diagnosis and COVID-19 infection were extracted from the hospital discharge, causes of death and infectious diseases registries in individuals who participated in the FinnGen study (n=260 405). Severe COVID-19 was defined as COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine association. Comorbidities for either COVID-19 or OSA were selected as covariates. We performed a meta-analysis with previous studies. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 445 individuals with COVID-19, and 38 (8.5%) of them with OSA of whom 19 out of 91 (20.9%) were hospitalised. OSA associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation independent from age, sex, BMI and comorbidities (p-unadjusted=5.13×10<sup>−5</sup>, OR-adjusted=2.93 (95% CI 1.02 to 8.39), p-adjusted=0.045). OSA was not associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19 (p=0.25). A meta-analysis of OSA and severe COVID-19 showed association across 15 835 COVID-19 positive controls, and n=1294 patients with OSA with severe COVID-19 (OR=2.37 (95% 1.14 to 4.95), p=0.021). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Risk for contracting COVID-19 was the same for patients with OSA and those without OSA. In contrast, among COVID-19 positive patients, OSA was associated with higher risk for hospitalisation. Our findings are in line with earlier works and suggest OSA as an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19.
THE RENAL TUBULAR RESPONSE TO AMINO ACID LOADING 1
Authors: Paul D. Doolan, Harold A. Harper, Maxine E. Hutchin, Edward L. Alpen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1956)

In previous studies from this laboratory (1) it was shown that renal tubular reabsorption of filtered amino acids was virtually complete in the fasting state.However, when a solution of amino acids was administered intravenously and the load filtered by the kidney thus increased, both the amounts of amino acids reabsorbed and those ex- creted were increased.In quantitative terms the more noteworthy event was the increase in amount reabsorbed.Considerable selectivity was exhibited in the reabsorption of individual amino acids and evidence was obtained which was interpreted as indicating a "competition" for reabsorption between cystine and one or more other amino acids.In the present studies the solution of amino acids used for loading was administered at a faster rate than in the previously reported experiments and it was supplemented with additional glycine to test the effects of a further increase in the filtered load of amino acids.In separate studies glycine was administered alone and, in terms of amounts reabsorbed and excreted, the results were com- pared with those obtained when glycine was given as part of the amino acid mixture and comparable filtered loads were achieved.METHODS Three normal subjects-DNW (age 21, ht. 184.2 cm., wt.85.5 kg.), WRR (age 28, ht. 175.3 cm., wt. 95.0 kg.), and WS (age 29, ht. 168.9 cm., wt. 60.5 kg.)-were given Merck's 10 per cent solution of free amino acids.The experimental protocol is outlined in Table I-A, the rate of infusion being calculated on a basis of its glycine con- tent.The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was meas-
The role of angiotensins in aldosterone production.
Authors: E L Bravo, M C Khosla, F M Bumpus
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The hypothesis that the COOH-terminal heptapeptide mediates the aldosterone-stimulating activity of angiotensin II was evaluated by comparing the relative effects on aldosterone production of angiotensin II and the heptapeptide to angiotensin analogues that are poorly metabolized to the heptapeptide and to a nonapeptide, des-Asp-1-angiotensin I, that is directly converted to the heptapeptide. In in vivo studies utilizing the adrenocorticotropic hormone-suppressed bilaterally nephrectomized dog, angiotensin II and the heptapeptide produced statistically significant increases in both aldosterone and cortisol secretory rates (P less than 0.001 for both relations). Sar-1-angiotensin II stimulated the production of both steroids to the same extent, but had much longer duration of action. [Poly(oAc)Seryl]angiotensin II was a weak agonist, having only about 30% of the steroidogenic potency of either angiotensin II or the heptapeptide. In equimolar concentrations des-Asp-1-angiotensin I had about one-half of the aldosterone-stimulating activity of the hepatpeptide. In in vitro studies, employing the trypsin-dispersed cat adrenal zona glomerulosa cells, the steroidogenic potency of angiotensin II and the heptapeptide was identical to maximal aldosterone production of 10(-8) M peptide concentration. By contrast, the response to Sar-1-angiotensin II was approximately a 10-fold increase in relative potency, while the response to [poly(oAc)Seryl]angiotensin II demonstrated a 10-fold decrease. These findings suggest that, although the heptapeptide may play an important role in the regulation of aldosterone production, the possibility remains open that angiotensin II could stimulate aldosterone biosynthesis without prior conversion to the heptapeptide.
LDOC1 mRNA is differentially expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and predicts overall survival in untreated patients
Authors: Hatice Duzkale, Carmen D. Schweighofer, Kevin R. Coombes, Lynn L. Barron, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Susan O'Brien, William G. Wierda, John Pfeifer, Tadeusz Majewski, Bogdan A. Czerniak, Jeffrey L. Jorgensen, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Emil J Freireich, Michael J. Keating, Lynne V. Abruzzo
Journal: Blood (2011)
<i>Francisella tularensis</i>in New England
Authors: Philip S. Brachman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Tularemia was first described by McCoy in 1911 as a "plague-like disease of rodents"; the etiologic agent was identified in the following year and named Bacterium tularense after Tulare County, California, the location of the initially observed epizootic among ground squirrels. Because the illness that it causes is clinically similar to plague, in both man and animals, the organism became known as Pasteurella tularensis. However, this organism is distinctly different from other pasteurella species, so that it has recently been renamed Francisella tularensis after Dr. Edward Francis, whose early work led to clarification of transmission cycles and etiologic and immunologic . . .
Diagnostic work‐up for food‐dependent, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: A. Romano, M. di Fonso, F. Giuffreda, D. Quaratino, G. Papa, V. Palmieri, P. Zeppilli, A. Venuti
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Fourteen patients with suspected food‐dependent, exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (EIAn) were subjected to prick tests with commercial food extracts and common airborne allergens, prick + prick tests with fresh foods, determination of total IgE levels, and specific IgE for 31 foods (CAP System FEIA RAST). All were positive for two or more foods; 10 presented hypersensitivity to 11 or more foods. On the basis of these findings, history data, and responses to food‐exercise challenges (treadmill stress tests 90 min after meals containing none of the suspected foods and none associated with skin‐test and/or RAST positivity) and suspected food‐exercise challenges (SFECs — administered after meals containing the suspected food), three patients were diagnosed as having specific food‐dependent EIAn (for wheat in two cases, tomato in one). In nine others, the presence of specific IgE for numerous foods (including those suspected on the basis of histories and utilized in the SFECs) suggests involvement of specific food hypersensitivity, although SFEC confirmation could not be obtained. Avoidance of all foods associated with test positivity 4 h before exercise has prevented all further EIAn episodes in these 12 patients. In two others, the reactions did not appear to be related to IgE directed against specific food allergens, and these subjects have eliminated further reactions by avoiding all meals for the 4 h preceding exercise. These findings emphasize the importance of allergologic testing with a wide panel of food allergens (including foods used for seasoning, such as garlic or parsley) in all patients with suspected food‐dependent EIAn. Prick + prick tests with fresh foods and the CAP System RAST disclosed numerous hypersensitivities.
Time course and determinants of left ventricular function recovery after primary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Imad Sheiban, Gabriele Fragasso, Giuseppe M.C Rosano, Aniruddha Dharmadhikari, Vaios Tzifos, Paolo Pagnotta, Sergio L Chierchia, Gianpaolo Trevi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
DOGS' PROTECTION BILL
Authors: W. W. Cheyne, W. E Elliot, A. C. Farquharson, B. MacDonald, J. E. Molson, D. Murray, N. Raw, W. Whitla, R. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1919)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Translating the research capability and knowledge in cancer signaling into clinical settings has been slow and ineffective. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source for developing disease phosphoprotein markers to monitor disease status. This study focuses on the development of a robust data-independent acquisition (DIA) using mass spectrometry to profile urinary EV phosphoproteomics for renal cell cancer (RCC) grades differentiation. We examined gas-phase fractionated (GPF) library, direct DIA, forbidden zones, and several different windowing schemes. After the development of a DIA mass spectrometry method for EV phosphoproteomics, we applied the strategy to identify and quantify urinary EV phosphoproteomes from 57 individuals representing low-grade clear cell RCC, high-grade clear cell RCC, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and healthy control (HC) individuals. Urinary EVs were efficiently isolated by functional magnetic beads and EV phosphopeptides were subsequently enriched by PolyMAC. We quantified 4,057 unique phosphosites and observed that multiple prominent cancer-related pathways, such as ErbB signaling, renal cell carcinoma, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, were only upregulated in high-grade clear cell RCC, while those correlated with a higher survival rate were elevated in low-grade clear cell RCC only. These results show that EV phosphoproteome analysis utilizing our optimized procedure of EV isolation, phosphopeptide enrichment, and DIA method provides a powerful tool for future clinical applications.
Direct remembering and the correspondence metaphor
Authors: K. Geoffrey White
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The correspondence view is consistent with a theory of direct remembering that assumes continuity between perception and memory. Two implications of direct remembering for correspondence are suggested. It is assumed that forgetting is exponential, and that remembering at one time is independent of factors influencing remembering at another. Elaboration of the correspondence view in the same terms as perception offers a novel approach to the study of memory.
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis:Exercise was not mentioned
Authors: Alan W Fowler
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The General Medical Council and the future of revalidation GMC member respondsEditor-Esmail and Kmietowicz give an inaccurate account of the General Medical Council's policy development on revalidation, ignoring an iterative process with interested parties since 1998 in an attempt to introduce the most fundamental change to medical regulation since its foundation in 1858. 1 2 The GMC clearly has had regard to the legitimate interests of three principal groups-government and the NHS, patients and the public, and the various tribes that make up the UK medical profession.Despite suggestions to the contrary, an initial exploratory meeting on revalidation convened by Sir Donald Irvine in June 1998 was held in the context of a high profile professional conduct case, but well before the Bristol inquiry report and absolutely nothing to do with Rodney Ledward or, indeed, Harold Shipman.It was recognised then that some doctors were not keeping fully up to date nor were they indulging in reflective practice.Irvine correctly proposed that there was a need to make registration with the GMC more meaningful to the public than a mere recognition that doctors had reached a certain standard of professional knowledge in their early 20s.Both articles promote the idea that the doctors' regulator should be filling the vacuum within the NHS created by its failing to fulfil its public responsibility to monitor doctors' clinical standards.Clinical governance is now, slowly, being developed and eventually will extend from systems and teams to individuals-but is it reasonable, as both authors postulate, that such monitoring should become the financial and moral responsibility of the GMC sitting in London and Manchester rather than local managers at the coalface?Although revalidation is a continuing process, it becomes summative only every five years.The NHS and its local systems must not be allowed to abrogate their responsibility for the safety of patients on a day to day basis.Nor should they demand that the GMC and its prime function of assuring fitness to practise and the meaning of the medical register be inappropriately promoted as the first line of defence for the maintenance of clinical quality and safety.