tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
Authors: Joseph A. Bellanti, Donald V. Eitzman, John B. Robbins, Richard T. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

By intensive stimulation with large amounts of Salmonella flagellar antigen, newborn rabbits were induced to form high titer flagellar agglutinins usually by the 7th to 10th day of life. Characterization of the agglutinins at various times during the first 30 days of life revealed that the earliest antibody which appeared was a gamma-1 macroglobulin, and that 7S gamma-2 globulins did not appear until the 4th or 5th week of life. In contrast, the adult animals produced macroglobulin antibodies for only 3 to 5 days before the lower molecular weight variety appeared. The infant macroglobulin appears to be similar in all respects to adult macroglobulin antibodies. These data are interpreted to indicate that the newborn and adult rabbit differ in their response to this type of stimulus not in timing of macroglobulin antibody production, but chiefly in the prolonged interval, which precedes the development of the capacity for the 7S type response in the newborn animal.
Progress in Clinical Kidney Disease and Hypertension
Authors: Anil K. Mandal
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This volume, the first of a series, deals with topics of current interest in the field of clinical kidney disease and hypertension and offers immediately applicable clinical information. All chapters are well written and all but one (chapter 9) are directed toward patient care. Chapter 1, with excellent tables and flow charts, should serve as a valuable guide for the workup and treatment of hypertension for students, house staff, and practicing physicians. Chapter 2 provides a clear and concise guide to the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of acute renal failure, the pitfalls and dangers of such care being especially well delineated. Chapters 3 and 4 are quite useful in reiterating the fundamentals of salt and water regulation by the kidneys, as well as offering several practical tips regarding the proper use of diuretics. Also, the description of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in chapter 4 is particularly well
Telomerase Mutations in Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Willem E. Fibbe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Telomeres are DNA–protein complexes at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. They consist of double-stranded, short, repeated sequences of nucleotides, a 3' single-strand overhang of nucleotides, and telomere-binding proteins. Telomeric DNA typically consists of G-rich tandem repeats 5 to 8 bp long (in humans, TTAGGG). In their location at the termini of chromosomes, telomeres maintain chromosomal stability and integrity and protect chromosomal ends against fusion, the degradation of terminal DNA by exonucleases, and recombination events.1 Telomeric DNA also serves as a binding site for specific DNA-binding proteins that have critical functions in maintaining the function and structural integrity of telomeres. . . .
Euglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of PAT5A: A unique thiazolidinedione with weak peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma activity
Authors: Reeba K. Vikramadithyan, Ranjan Chakrabarti, Parimal Misra, Mamnoor Premkumar, Sunil K.B. Kumar, Casturi S. Rao, Alpana Ghosh, Kommireddi N. Reddy, Chintakunta Uma, Ramanujam Rajagopalan
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
471 EFFECTS OF SNP RS6051702 POLYMORPHISM ON ANEMIA AND TREATMENT OUTCOME IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 1 PATIENTS
Authors: T.-M. Scherzer, R. Stauber, A.-F. Staettermayer, K. Zinober, A. Maieron, M. Strasser, H. Laferl, K. Rutter, S. Beinhardt, C. Datz, P. Steindl-Munda, H. Hofer, P. Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abnormal Iodine-131 Uptake in a Benign Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma Mimicking Struma Ovarii
Authors: Olivier Morel, Vincent Rohmer, Sylvie Girault, Jean-Pierre Muratet, Cécile Berthelot, Pierre Jallet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 37-year-old woman was referred for ablative radioiodine treatment 5 months after total thyroidectomy for pT1N1Mx papillary thyroid carcinoma. After thyroid hormone treatment withdrawal, serum thyroglobulin was 10.8 ng/mL. Posttherapeutic iodine-131 scintigraphy showed moderate cervical uptake compatible with remnant thyroid tissue and an intense right pelvic hot spot. Ultrasonography depicted a large 4-cm right ovarian cystic lesion. Struma ovarii was suspected. Laparoscopic right ovariectomy was performed and histologic examination found a benign mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary without any coexisting thyroid tissue.
Infection of Pancreatic Pseudocyst Demonstrated on PET/CT Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–Labeled Autologous Leucocytes
Authors: Anish Bhattacharya, Rakesh Kochhar, Sarika Sharma, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Labeled leukocyte scintigraphy has been used as an indicator of pancreatic necrosis in patients with acute pancreatitis and proposed for the detection of infection in peripancreatic fluid collections. The authors present a PET/CT scan showing abnormal uptake of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose–labeled autologous leukocytes in a pancreatic pseudocyst, from which aspirated fluid subsequently showed growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Benorylate in Management of Still's Disease
Authors: R. H. Powell, B. M. Ansell
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The present recommended dose of benorylate is not satisfactory for the management of children suffering from inflammatory polyarthritis. A starting dose of 200 mg/kg/day should be used, and the salicylate level checked at seven days and the dosage adjusted to give an anti-inflammatory effect-that is, a blood salicylate level of between 25 and 30 mg/100 ml. Once a satisfactory level has been achieved, this dosage should be maintained with occasional monitoring of the salicylate level. The paracetamol level does not need to be estimated as it tends to follow the salicylate level, provided that liver function is normal; thus it is quite safe to monitor only the salicylate level. Given in an adequate dosage, benorylate seems to be an acceptable salicylate preparation for use in juveniles suffering from chronic polyarthritis.
Maintenance of cultural diversity: Social roles, social networks, and cognitive networks
Authors: Marshall Abrams
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Smaldino suggests that patterns that give rise to group-level cultural traits can also increase individual-level cultural diversity. I distinguish social roles and related social network structures and discuss ways in which each might maintain diversity. I suggest that cognitive analogs of “cohesion,” a property of networks that helps maintenance of diversity, might mediate the effects of social roles on diversity.
Transcapillary water and protein flux in the canine intestine with acute and chronic extrahepatic portal hypertension.
Authors: C L Witte, J F Myers, M H Witte, M A Katz
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Intestinal transcapillary water and total protein flux were determined in dogs with chronic extrahepatic portal hypertension after construction of an aortic-portal shunt combined with hilar portal vein constriction and compared to acute portal vein constriction. Measurements were made of thoracic duct lymph flow, portal venous pressure, and total protein concentration in plasma, thoracic duct lymph, intestinal and liver lymph. From these data and calculations based on the dual visceral origin of thoracic duct lymph from liver and intestine, intestinal transcapillary water flux in chronic extrahepatic portal hypertension (portal venous pressure = 21.4 +/- 2 mm Hg; mean +/- SEM), increased 5-fold (93 +/- 12 from 17 +/- 4 microliters/min/kg, P less than 0.001), while intestinal total protein flux expressed as protein clearance (intestinal transcapillary water flux X intestinal lymph/plasma total protein concentration) was unchanged (13 +/- 3 from 10 +/- 2 microliters/min per kg; P greater than 0.4), a finding supported by unaltered whole body plasma albumin "leak rate" (83 +/- 16 from 80 +/- 2 microliters/min per kg; P greater than 0.9). In acute portal vein constriction (portal venous pressure = 26 +/- 1 mm Hg) intestinal transcapillary water flux was similarly increased (58 +/- 16 from 9 +/- 2; P less than 0.014) but intestinal total protein flux was increased 3-fold (16 +/- 4 from 5 +/- 2; P less than 0.032). Calculated permeability surface area product and protein reflection coefficient (cross-point method) increased similarly in both preparations. In accord with earlier findings in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, chronic elevation in portal pressure increased intestinal transcapillary water flux but not total protein flux.
Regulation of cytosolic pH and lactic acid release in mesangial cells overexpressing GLUT1
Authors: Karl S. Lang, Matthias M. Mueller, Valerie Tanneur, Sabine Wallisch, Olga Fedorenko, Monica Palmada, Florian Lang, Stefan Bröer, Charles W. Heilig, Erwin Schleicher, Cora Weigert
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
A Case of Enterectomy for Gangrenous Bowel
Authors: F. T. Paul
Journal: BMJ (1894)

~wI~'fENTERECTOiMY FOR GANGRENOUS BOWEL.r THzuBRm 235Catty food.The perforation in the stomach was not found, being pro- bably closed.On August 12th an empyema of the lower part of the left
843-3 Late quantitative angiographic results following treatment with a polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stent compared with a bare metal stent in patients with de novo coronary disease: The TAXUS-IV angiographic results
Authors: Jeffrey J Popma, Stephen G Ellis, David Cox, James Hermiller, Charles O'Shaughnessy, James Tift Mann, Mary E Russell, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract SY30-01: Metastasis mediated by lysyl oxidases
Authors: Janine T. Erler
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metastasis is responsible for over 90% of cancer patient deaths. Understanding the molecular processes that enable tumor cells to metastasize is key to understanding how best to prevent and treat metastases in cancer patients. Metastasis is a complex, multistep process driven by the tumor microenvironment. Two potent driving forces are hypoxia (low oxygen) and increased matrix stiffness. These are common features of aggressive solid tumors, and are clinically associated with metastasis and decreased survival of cancer patients. Both hypoxia and stiffness have been shown to greatly enhance the invasive and metastatic potential of cancer cells. We have identified two key mediator molecules, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2). These are hypoxia-induced secreted enzymes that increase matrix stiffness through mediating the crosslinking of collagens and elastin in the extracellular matrix. We have investigated their role in metastasis using a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. We showed that LOX expression is clinically correlated with hypoxia, metastasis and poor patient survival. Furthermore, inhibition of LOX through genetic, chemical or antibody means significantly reduces invasion and metastasis in several in vivo models of solid tumor metastasis. LOX enhances invasion through increasing matrix stiffness, thereby activating integrins, Src and FAK. LOX additionally enhances formation of distant metastases by playing a role in formation of premetastatic niches through recruitment of CD11b+ cells, which greatly enable metastatic colonization. We have also investigated the role of LOXL2 in breast cancer metastasis and normal mammary tissue function. Like LOX, LOXL2 is clinically correlated with metastasis and poor patient survival. LOXL2 enhances invasion through regulation of matrix remodeling. Inhibition of LOXL2 through genetic, chemical or antibody means prevents invasion and metastatic dissemination in vivo. We further show that LOXL2 activity is highest during normal mammary gland involution, consistent with its role in matrix remodeling. These findings provide insight into metastasis mediated by the tumor microenvironment and demonstrate preclinical effectiveness of anti-LOX/LOXL2 therapy, which may have important clinical implications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY30-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY30-01
Targeting Src Family Kinases Inhibits Growth and Lymph Node Metastases of Prostate Cancer in an Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model
Authors: Serk In Park, Jing Zhang, Kacy A. Phillips, John C. Araujo, Amer M. Najjar, Andrei Y. Volgin, Juri G. Gelovani, Sun-Jin Kim, Zhengxin Wang, Gary E. Gallick
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Aberrant expression and/or activity of members of the Src family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases (SFK) are commonly observed in progressive stages of human tumors. In prostate cancer, two SFKs (Src and Lyn) have been specifically implicated in tumor growth and progression. However, there are no data in preclinical models demonstrating potential efficacy of Src inhibitors against prostate cancer growth and/or metastasis. In this study, we used the small molecule SFK/Abl kinase inhibitor dasatinib, currently in clinical trials for solid tumors, to examine in vitro and in vivo effects of inhibiting SFKs in prostate tumor cells. In vitro, dasatinib inhibits both Src and Lyn activity, resulting in decreased cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. In orthotopic nude mouse models, dasatinib treatment effectively inhibits expression of activated SFKs, resulting in inhibition of both tumor growth and development of lymph node metastases in both androgen-sensitive and androgen-resistant tumors. In primary tumors, SFK inhibition leads to decreased cellular proliferation (determined by immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen). In vitro, small interfering RNA (siRNA)–mediated inhibition of Lyn affects cellular proliferation; siRNA inhibition of Src affects primarily cellular migration. Therefore, we conclude that SFKs are promising therapeutic targets for treatment of human prostate cancer and that Src and Lyn activities affect different cellular functions required for prostate tumor growth and progression. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3323–33]
Psoriasis and HLA-Cw6
Authors: A. TIILIKAINEN, A. LASSUS, J. KARVONEN, P. VARTIAINEN, M. JULIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Psoriasis and HLA‐Cw6 Get access A. TIILIKAINEN, A. TIILIKAINEN Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, and Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Dr Anja S. Tiilikainen, Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Kivihaantie 7, SF‐00310 Helsinki 31, Finland. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. LASSUS, A. LASSUS Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, and Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. KARVONEN, J. KARVONEN Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, and Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. VARTIAINEN, P. VARTIAINEN Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, and Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. JULIN M. JULIN Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, and Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 102, Issue 2, 1 February 1980, Pages 179–184, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb05690.x Published: 01 February 1980
Overexpression of Hedgehog Signaling Molecules and Its Involvement in the Proliferation of Endometrial Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Yu-Zhen Feng, Tanri Shiozawa, Tsutomu Miyamoto, Hiroyasu Kashima, Miyuki Kurai, Akihisa Suzuki, Jiang Ying-Song, Ikuo Konishi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Research has revealed abnormal activation of the hedgehog pathway in human malignancies. The present study was undertaken to examine the expression and functional involvement of the hedgehog pathway in endometrial tissues. Experimental Design: The expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh), patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and Gli1 was examined in various endometrial tissues and endometrial carcinoma cell lines. The effect of hedgehog signaling on the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cell lines was also examined. Results: The expression of Shh, Ptch, Smo, and Gli1 was very weak in normal endometrium, but was increased in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma stepwisely with significant differences. There was no marked difference in the expression of these molecules in carcinomas according to stages and histologic grades. Treatment with cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway, for endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa and HHUA cells suppressed growth by 56% and 67%, respectively, compared with the control. The addition of recombinant Shh peptide to HHUA cells enhanced their proliferation by 41%. The silencing of Gli1 using small interfering RNA (siGli1) resulted in the growth suppression and down-regulation of Ptch expression. In addition, the cyclopamine/siGli1-induced growth suppression was associated with the down-regulation of cyclins D1 and A and N-myc. No somatic mutations for ptch and smo genes were detected in the endometrial carcinoma cases examined. Conclusions: The abnormal activation of this pathway is involved in the proliferation of endometrial carcinoma cells possibly in an auto-/paracrine fashion, suggesting the possibility of the hedgehog pathway being a novel candidate for molecular targeting.
NICE issues new guidance to improve the treatment of bipolar disorder
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

New national guidance for England and Wales encourages doctors to spot and treat bipolar disorder sooner and more accurately.

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, affects around 1% of the population and takes an average of eight years to be correctly diagnosed. It is associated with the highest suicide rate of any mental illness—one in seven people who are untreated commit suicide—but it …
The Health of Wealth from Multiple Sources
Authors: Wilson H. Elkins
Journal: JAMA (1963)

LONG BEFORE I HAD ANY responsibility for medical education, ( which only the uninitiated might consider an unmixed blessing) Mr. Abraham Flexner wrote a book about the 155 medical schools then existing in the United States and Canada. He discovered two types of schools: the routine type, numbering about 120, which ground out family doctors wholesale, and the scientific type, in which enlightened and progressive men were trained. The University of Maryland School of Medicine was identified with the routine group. Mr. Flexner described it as large and financially prosperous, with resources available for maintenance amounting to an estimated $44,530 derived entirely from fees. He likened the financial policy of the school to that of another university which, having invested $83,000 in a medical department compels the department out of its fees (about $25,000 a year) to pay all of its own running expenses, some of the original purchase price, and
Immunological studies in pre-eclamptic toxaemia.
Authors: N C Thomson, R D Stevenson, W M Behan, D P Sloan, C H Horne
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Although five patients with severe pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET) had increased anticomplementary activity in their serum, there was no evidence of complement activation in the plasma of four of the five patients. These results are not implicated in the pathogenesis of PET. No significant correlation was found between anticomplementary activity and pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein.
The Use of Digitalis in Patients with Pulmonary Disease
Authors: LAURENCE H. GREEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

A review of available literature suggests that patients with pulmonary disease may be more susceptible to the toxic effects of cardiac glycosides than patients with normal lung function. However, few studies correlating digitalis effects with pulmonary status have characterized the type of respiratory illness present or controlled for concurrent, unrelated left ventricular disease. Indications for digitalis therapy with particular emphasis on its role in the management of cor pulmonale, the evidence for an enhanced sensitivity to cardiac glycosides, and the possible mechanisms underlying such sensitivity in patients with pulmonary disease are considered.
Vitamin C supplements and diabetic cutaneous capillary fragility.
Authors: B D Cox, W J Butterfield
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Cutaneous capillary strength was investigated in 12 diabetics, six of whom had symptomatic retinopathy (age range 25-71 years) and 24 controls (age range 21-61 years).The effect on the diabetics of a dietary supplement of vitamin C was studied. Methods and ResultsCutaneous capillary fragility was measured using apparatus described by Hart and Cohen.'We modified the procedure by applying a much lower
Neonatal Pneumomediastinum and the Spinnaker-Sail Sign
Authors: Jorge Correia-Pinto, Tiago Henriques-Coelho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A male infant was born at 40 weeks of gestation by vacuumassisted vaginal delivery.Mild respiratory distress with expiratory grunting and subcostal retraction was noted 1 hour after birth.Arterial oxygen saturation remained at more than 95% without the administration of supplemental oxygen.Chest radiography performed 6 hours after birth (Panel A) showed the spinnakersail sign, consisting of a large, wedge-shaped opacity extending from the right hemidiaphragm to the superior mediastinum (white arrows), representing thymic tissue displaced from its usual location by a collection of gas under pressure (black arrows).Axial computed tomography of the chest revealed air trapped between the pericardial sac and the thymus, confirming a diagnosis of anterior pneumomediastinum (Panel B, arrow).Named for its visual resemblance to the headsail of a boat, the spinnaker-sail sign occurs with a spontaneous anterior pneumomediastinum and usually resolves without specific treatment.After being observed for clinical and radiographic improvement for 3 weeks, the infant was discharged home in good condition.
Laser Photocoagulation for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: The American Experience
Authors: D. Fleischer
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

Laser use in the United States for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease in general, and for upper GI bleeding in particular has grown exponentially. In 1979, only 3 American medical centers were using lasers for the therapy of UGI bleeding. Today, lasers are employed in more than 200 centers. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration, which regulates its use, has ruled that it is safe and effective, and therefore is no longer considered to be an investigational device. Most commonly it is used to treat discrete lesions such as ulcers, but it has been employed for other lesions, including varices. A recent American randomized controlled trial assessing its efficacy in acute esophageal variceal bleeding, found it to be effective for initial hemostasis; however, rebleeding was common. A key question is whether or not the laser is superior to other less costly and more portable modalities for treating acute UGI bleeding. One U.S. investigator recently presented data which suggested to him that the heater probe was better than the laser. There is insufficient comparative data available to answer the critical question about the relative superiority of one endoscopic treatment modality as compared to another. Foreseeable technologic advances may make laser therapy easier and more effective.