tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rifampicin-induced Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: M. A. Blajchman, R. C. Lowry, J. E. Pettit, P. Stradling
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A case is reported in which severe thrombocytopenia occurred during administration and readministration of rifampicin. The patient's erythrocytes gave a positive direct antiglobulin test due to complement on the red cell surface; in the serum, complement-fixing antibodies were detected which were directed against the drug.Immunological studies showed antibodies, of both IgG and IgM type, capable of fixing complement to both normal and the patient's platelets, but only in the presence of rifampicin. In addition the IgM type of antibody (but not the IgG) was capable of fixing complement to normal red cells; again only in the presence of the drug.
Verrucous skin lesions on the feet in diabetic neuropathy
Authors: A.W. Gerbig, T. Hunziker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Verrucous skin lesions on the feet in diabetic neuropathy Get access A.W. Gerbig, A.W. Gerbig Department of Dermatology, University of Berne, CH‐3010 Berne, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hunziker T. Hunziker Department of Dermatology, University of Berne, CH‐3010 Berne, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 6, 1 December 1995, Page 1011, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06946.x Published: 01 December 1995
Germany will penalise cancer patients who do not undergo regular screening
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The German government is planning to make cancer patients who failed to undergo regular cancer screening before their diagnosis pay more towards their treatment.

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Chancellor Angela Merkel's reforms have divided her government 

Credit: YVES LOGGHE/AP/PA/EMPICS

The proposal is part of the package of health reforms that has divided Chancellor Angela Merkel's coalition government ( BMJ 2006;333: 720) and that has yet to be passed by the German parliament.

The bill says that cancer patients who did not undergo screening before their cancer was diagnosed have to contribute a …

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Quantitative Analysis of DNA Methylation Profiles in Lung Cancer Identifies Aberrant DNA Methylation of Specific Genes and Its Association with Gender and Cancer Risk Factors
Authors: Thomas Vaissière, Rayjean J. Hung, David Zaridze, Anush Moukeria, Cyrille Cuenin, Virginie Fasolo, Gilles Ferro, Anupam Paliwal, Pierre Hainaut, Paul Brennan, Jörg Tost, Paolo Boffetta, Zdenko Herceg
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The global increase in lung cancer burden, together with its poor survival and resistance to classical chemotherapy, underscores the need for identification of critical molecular events involved in lung carcinogenesis. Here, we have applied quantitative profiling of DNA methylation states in a panel of five cancer-associated genes (CDH1, CDKN2A, GSTP1, MTHFR, and RASSF1A) to a large case-control study of lung cancer. Our analyses revealed a high frequency of aberrant hypermethylation of MTHFR, RASSF1A, and CDKN2A in lung tumors as compared with control blood samples, whereas no significant increase in methylation levels of GSTP1 and CDH1 was observed, consistent with the notion that aberrant DNA methylation occurs in a tumor-specific and gene-specific manner. Importantly, we found that tobacco smoking, sex, and alcohol intake had a strong influence on the methylation levels of distinct genes (RASSF1A and MTHFR), whereas folate intake, age, and histologic subtype had no significant influence on methylation states. We observed a strong association between MTHFR hypermethylation in lung cancer and tobacco smoking, whereas methylation levels of CDH1, CDKN2A, GSTP1, and RASSF1A were not associated with smoking, indicating that tobacco smoke targets specific genes for hypermethylation. We also found that methylation levels in RASSF1A, but not the other genes under study, were influenced by sex, with males showing higher levels of methylation. Together, this study identifies aberrant DNA methylation patterns in lung cancer and thus exemplifies the mechanism by which environmental factors may interact with key genes involved in tumor suppression and contribute to lung cancer. [Cancer Res 2009;69(1):243–52]
Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities
Authors: David C. Geary
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract The principles of sexual selection were used as an organizing framework for interpreting cross-national patterns of sex differences in mathematical abilities. Cross-national studies suggest that there are no sex differences in biologically primary mathematical abilities, that is, for those mathematical abilities that are found in all cultures as well as in nonhuman primates, and show moderate heritability estimates. Sex differences in several biologically secondary mathematical domains (i.e., those that emerge primarily in school) are found throughout the industrialized world. In particular, males consistently outperform females in the solving of mathematical word problems and geometry. Sexual selection and any associated proximate mechanisms (e.g., sex hormones) influence these sex differences in mathematical performance indirectly. First, sexual selection resulted in greater elaboration in males than in females of the neurocognitive systems that support navigation in three-dimensional space. Knowledge implicit in these systems reflects an understanding of basic Euclidean geometry, and may thus be one source of the male advantage in geometry. Males also use more readily than females these spatial systems in problem-solving situations, which provides them with an advantage in solving word problems and geometry. In addition, sex differences in social styles and interests, which also appear to be related in part to sexual selection, result in sex differences in engagement iii mathematics-related activities, thus further increasing the male advantage in certain mathematical domains. A model that integrates these biological influences with sociocultural influences on the sex differences in mathematical performance is presented in this article.
729-1 Modulation of Cardiac Hypertrophy by Blockade of the Renin Angiotensin System: Effects on LVH Regression, Gene Expression, and Survival
Authors: Heribert Schunkert, Günter Bruckschlegel, Stephan R. Holmer, Daniela Grimm, Eckhard P. Kromer, Günter A. Riegger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation
Authors: J. How, P. D Bewsher
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We now have a copy of the still unpublished manuscript.We are surprised to discover that Dr Fornazzari's study, while it confirms an association between chronic heavy toluene abuse and persistent cerebral impairment, does not support as clearly as Dr King and others suggest the contention that cerebral damage is a direct pharmacological effect of toluene (Fornazzari L, personal communication).Not all of Fornazzari et al's sample of chronic heavy toluene abusers showed evidence of cerebral impairment, nor was there a clear relation between dosage and damage.These facts led them to suggest that mediating factors such as anoxia, malnutrition, or genetic differences might have caused the cerebral impairment they observed.
A Puzzling Case, and a Warning!
Authors: H. Norris
Journal: BMJ (1863)

applied to the vulva anid lower part of the body, anid a wiii(low niear her was wide open as she craved every breatlh of air, ancd said slhe was so hot.A whole bottle of brandY, besides wine, had been taken durinig the night, and sile liad frequentlv been sick; the vomiting, indeed,
Relaxation Training for NIDDM: Predicting who may benefit
Authors: James D Lane, Cynthia C McCaskill, Suzanne L Ross, Mark N Feinglos, Richard S Surwit
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To examine the benefits of relaxation training for patients with NIDDM and to investigate individual differences that could predict a positive response to relaxation training. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-eight subjects with NIDDM were treated with intensive conventional diabetes therapy after an initial metabolic evaluation and psychological and pharmacological testing. Half were assigned to also receive biofeedback-assisted relaxation training. Treatment effects on GHb levels and glucose tolerance were evaluated after 8 wk. RESULTS Subjects demonstrated significant improvements in GHb level, but not in glucose tolerance, after 8 wk of intensive conventional treatment. These improvements persisted throughout the follow-up period. However, the group provided with relaxation training did not experience greater improvements on either measure than the group given conventional diabetes treatment only. Within the group that received relaxation training, correlations occurred between the improvements in glucose tolerance after treatment and individual differences in trait anxiety and in the effect of alprazolam on glucose tolerance. Differences in the effects of EPI on glucose tolerance and personality measures of neuroticism and perceived locus of control also appeared to be related to improvements in glucose tolerance after training. CONCLUSIONS Relaxation training did not confer added benefit over and above that provided by conventional diabetes treatment for patients with NIDDM. Additional research is needed to determine whether the administration of relaxation training to selected patients, especially those who are most responsive to stress, would provide benefits for glucose control that are not achieved by conventional treatment.
A Trial of Elective Versus on Demand Sclerotherapy in “Poor Risk” Patients with Variceal Haemorrhage
Authors: R. F. McKee, O. J. Garden, J. R. Anderson, D. C. Carter
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

A prospective randomised trial of "planned" chronic injection sclerotherapy (at three weekly intervals) versus "demand" injection sclerotherapy (after variceal bleeds only) was performed in 40 patients who had endoscopically proven variceal bleeding, and who were either graded as modified Child's grade C or were more than 65 years of age. 45% of patients survived for one year and 37% for two years. There was no significant difference in survival between the groups at either one or two years (p < 0.5; p < 0.1). In the "planned" sclerotherapy group 24 gastrointestinal bleeds occurred in 11 patients over the first nine months after study entry. In the "demand" group 35 bleeds occurred in 13 patients over the first 18 months after study entry. In this small group of "poor risk" patients, planned chronic injection sclerotherapy was not associated with improved survival.
Hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell tissue factor activates the coagulation cascade in endotoxemic mice
Authors: Rafal Pawlinski, Jian-Guo Wang, A. Phillip Owens, Julie Williams, Silvio Antoniak, Michael Tencati, Thomas Luther, Jesse W. Rowley, Elizabeth N. Low, Andrew S. Weyrich, Nigel Mackman
Journal: Blood (2010)
Development of a patient-reported outcome measure of tophus burden: the Tophus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ-20)
Authors: Opetaia Aati, William J Taylor, Richard J Siegert, Anne Horne, Meaghan E House, Paul Tan, Jill Drake, Lisa K Stamp, Nicola Dalbeth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Tophus burden is currently measured using physical examination and imaging methods. The aim of this study was to develop a patient-reported outcome (PRO) tool to assess tophus burden in people with gout. <h3>Methods</h3> The responses from interviews with 25 people with tophaceous gout were used to generate items for a preliminary PRO tool. Following cognitive testing of each item, a preliminary 34-item questionnaire was administered to 103 people with tophaceous gout. Rasch analysis generated a 20-item Tophus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ-20). Test-retest reproducibility and construct validity of the TIQ-20 were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The TIQ-20 responses fit the Rasch model and demonstrated unidimensionality, adequate precision, absence of differential item functioning and adequate person separation index. The TIQ-20 included items related to pain, activity limitation, footwear modification, participation, psychological impact and healthcare use due to tophi. In the 103 patients with tophaceous gout, floor effects were observed in 4.9% and ceiling effects in 1%. The TIQ-20 test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.76 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.85). All predicted correlations for construct validity testing were observed, including weak correlation with serum urate concentrations (r&lt;0.30), moderate correlation with subcutaneous tophus count and dual energy CT urate volume (r=0.30–0.50), and stronger correlation with Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (r&gt;0.50). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have developed a tophus-specific PRO in patients with tophaceous gout. The TIQ-20 demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties. Initial results show internal, face and construct validity, reproducibility and feasibility. Further research is required to determine responsiveness to change.
Dealing with the suicidally inclined.
Authors: E M Price, M W Carney
Journal: BMJ (1982)

In England and Wales in 1980 there were 4314 suicides. This figure is probably an underestimate because of the well-known propensities of some coroners to avoid verdicts of suicide and to record them as accidental death and the like. In men and women under 35 suicide is among the top three causes of death and accounts for 10% of all deaths.1 Parasuicide (those surviving self-poisoning or self-injury) in this age group is the commonest cause of emergency referral to hospital in women and the second commonest in men. Parasuicide is 20-30 times more common than suicide and carries a risk of subsequent suicide 100 times that of the general population in the first year, and this remains raised for 10 years.2 An average general practitioner with a list of 2500 may expect a suicide every three to six years and five to six parasuicides annually. In Harrow Health District (where nearly 500 parasuicides are treated at Northwick Park Hospital every year?all seen by a psychiatrist) it was thought that more effective detection of risk factors and decision-making could reduce the mortality from suicide. A district working party was set up of which MWPC was a member. One of us (EMP) worked as a general practi? tioner trainee in both hospital and district. Doctors dealing with these patients are often young and inexperienced, whether they are trainee general practitioners, casualty officers, or psychia? trists. Furthermore, we are not aware of any publication giving terse, practical advice on identifying and weighing up risk factors or a decision-tree to be followed in management. To remedy these deficiencies we compiled these notes for the Harrow Health District. We hope they may be helpful to others. They are not a treatise on the complex aetiology of suicidal behaviour or on the purely medical management of self poisoning or deliberate self-harm. These topics are well reviewed elsewhere. We assume that in most districts, like Harrow, all parasuicides sent to hospital are seen by a psychiatrist who co-ordinates the acute management of the patient once he is out of danger from the physical effects of his self-poisoning or self-injury.
Tetracycline Nanoparticles as Antibacterial and Gene‐Silencing Agents
Authors: Ulyana Shimanovich, Anat Lipovsky, Dror Eliaz, Sally Zigdon, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, Yeshayahu Nitzan, Shulamit Michaeli, Aharon Gedanken
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

The spread of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and parasites calls for the development of new therapeutic strategies with could potentially reverse this trend. Here, a proposal is presented to exploit a sonochemical method to restore the antibiotic activity of tetracycline (TTCL) against resistant bacteria by converting the antibiotic into a nanoparticulate form. The demonstrated sonochemical method allows nanoscale TTCL assembly to be driven by supramolecular hydrogen bond formation, with no further modification to the antibiotic's chemical structure. It is shown that tetracycline nanoparticles (TTCL NPs) can act as antibacterial agents, both against TTCL sensitive and against resistant bacterial strains. Moreover, the synthesized antibiotic nanoparticles (NPs) can act as effective gene‐silencing agents through the use of a TTCL repressor in Trypanosome brucei parasites. It is demonstrated that the NPs are nontoxic to human cells and T. brucei parasites and are able to release their monomer components in an active form in a manner that results in enhanced antimicrobial activity relative to a homogeneous solution of the precursor monomer. As the TTCL NPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, sonochemical formation of TTCL NPs represents a new promising approach for generation of pharmaceutically active nanomaterials.
Atorvastatin for refractory hypercholesterolemia in heart transplant patients
Authors: J.A. Kobashigawa, J.D. Moriguchi, T.K. Ro, K. Einhom, J.D. Cassem, M.A. Hamilton, A. Hage, N. Kawata, H. Laks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
A Demonstration ON CONSTRICTIONS AND OCCLUSIONS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT OF CONGENITAL OR OBSCURE ORIGIN: Given at the Royal College of Surgeons, England
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1910)

THE statistical list which I subjoin giva * e the -subject-matter of this denlonstration, but shws Aa -extent congenital occlusions and constrictf_ s alimentary tract are represented by preparatim ihs various metropolitan medical museums.Under ocpm A are grouped the specimens in the Museum of the.oIi304College of Surgeons, England, and under column B _* in the museums of the medical schools attached to -the various hospitals in London, to 'the authorities of which I am greatly indebted for the many privileges they have 'extended to me.List of Specimens showiCg Gq)striction8 and Occlusions of the Alimentarts Trhsct of 6ongenital or Obscur-e Origin in the Medical Mus.eunizs of London.. A. B. Total.I. Non-cicatricial stenosis of the upper oeso-4 5 9 pliageal orifice II.Stenosis of the lower oesophageal orifice, with 2 4 6 dltatipon of the opsophagus III.Congenital stenosis of the mid-oesophagus ... .0 2 2 IV.Malformation of the tracheo-oesophageal 5 9 14 septum V. Hour-glass constriction of the stomach ... 4 10 14 VI.Hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus . 2 12 14 VII.Congenital occlusion of the duodenum ... ... 1 6 7 VIII.Congenital occlusions apd constrictions of the 6 9 15 jejunum and ileum' (not including those associated with a Meckl's diverticulum) IX.Congenital oce)usion at the ileo-caecal junction 1 0 1 X.Congenital occlusion of the colon... ... ... 0 4 4 29 57 86 Non-cicat'qial Stricture at the Commencement of the Oe8ophag8s.In the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, there are four specimens, two of which belong to the origipal HInterian collection, showing a marked narrowg at the Qommencement of the oesophagus.Such strictures are usually regarded as the result of a severe and localized inflammation, but in the specimens I here illustrate,tbere is no -clW evidence of cicatrization (Fig. 1).The conditicn und such clinical histories as are available point to a disturbance in the normal mechanism of the oesophaus.In the Mpseum' of St. George's Hospital School t&es are three specimens of a similar nature, and in that of Charing Cross Hospital there are two more, making nine in all.The condition was described and investigated -by $jr Xlyerard Home.1
Abstract 5324: Pan-cancer identification of mutated pathways and protein complexes
Authors: Mark D. Leiserson, Fabio Vandin, Hsin-Ta Wu, Jason R. Dobson, Benjamin R. Raphael
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Large-scale cancer sequencing efforts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and others have shown that tumors exhibit extensive mutational heterogeneity with relatively few genes mutated at significant frequency and many genes mutated in only a small number of individuals. This long tail phenomenon complicates the identification of driver mutations by their observed frequency. The long tail is explained in part by the fact that driver mutations target genes in signaling and regulatory pathways, and these pathways may be perturbed by different mutations in different tumors. We developed two complementary algorithms, HotNet2 and Dendrix++, to analyze combinations of mutations in known or novel pathways. HotNet2 uses prior knowledge of pathways and protein complexes represented in a genome-scale protein-protein interaction network, and identifies significantly mutated subnetworks using a heat diffusion model. HotNet2 simultaneously assesses both the significance of mutations in individual proteins and the local topology of protein interactions. Dendrix++ identifies combinations of mutations de novo, without prior knowledge of pathways or protein interactions, by finding sets of mutations that are mutually exclusive across the tumor cohort. There are numerous examples of mutually exclusive mutations between interacting proteins; e.g. BRAF and KRAS in colorectal cancer. Dendrix++ generalizes this idea to find larger groups of mutually exclusive mutations. We applied HotNet2 and Dendrix++ to whole-exome sequencing and copy number aberration data from 3299 samples of twelve tumor types from TCGA Pan-Cancer project. Both algorithms identified gene sets that overlap well-known cancer pathways (e.g. TP53, MAPK, and RAS signaling pathways), as well as genes and complexes with less characterized roles in cancer (e.g. the cohesin and condensin complexes). HotNet2 subnetworks also contained novel candidate cancer genes that were rarely mutated in this cohort and thus not reported by single-gene tests of significance, including KDM5A, SHPRH, and ARID4A, each of which interacts with well-known cancer genes. Many of these gene sets have biological functions often perturbed in cancer, such as chromatin modification (e.g. the SWI/SNF and BAP1 complexes) and DNA damage repair (e.g. SHPRH). These results demonstrate the ability of HotNet2 and Dendrix++ to identify novel combinations of mutations in thousands of tumors, prioritizing genes and mutations in the long tail for further experimental studies. Citation Format: Mark D. Leiserson, Fabio Vandin, Hsin-Ta Wu, Jason R. Dobson, Benjamin R. Raphael. Pan-cancer identification of mutated pathways and protein complexes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5324. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5324
The Wounded Uterus: Pregnancy after Hysterotomy
Authors: W. M. Clow, A. C. Crompton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Despite contraceptive advice, a high proportion of patients who have had a pregnancy terminated by hysterotomy became pregnant again within a short space of time. Fifty-three such pregnancies have been studied, and a substantial risk of rupture of the uterus was demonstrated in 14 cases where the scar was thin. Rupture, impending rupture, or presumptive rupture occurred in three of these cases. Nevertheless successful vaginal delivery occurred in about 80% of cases. The infants so produced were often small for dates. Due weight should be given to the risks of subsequent early pregnancy and uterine rupture before terminating a pregnancy by the operation of hysterotomy without sterilization.