tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Choice for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea
Authors: Phillip H. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is time to reassess the cliché, "Penicillin remains the treatment of choice for uncomplicated gonorrhea," as recently repeated by Caldwell (<b>218</b>:714, 1971). There are now good arguments against the use of penicillin for<i>uncomplicated</i>gonorrhea. Fatal reactions to penicillin treatment for gonorrhea are noted by the authors to occur at a rate of two per 100,000. Anaphylactic reactions are estimated to occur at a rate of one to four per 10,000. These must be presumed to be potentially fatal. There were 600,072 reported cases of gonorrhea in 1970. If these cases had all been treated with the recommended doses of penicillin, there would have been 60 to 240 cases of anaphylactic reaction and six deaths due to the treatment. There was only one death due to gonorrhea in the United States in 1968, the most recently reported year, although annual deaths since 1965 have ranged
THE DIAGNOSIS OF LEPROSY
Authors: ISADORE DYER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Long association with the Louisiana Leper Home has given us an opportunity for the observation of leprosy, and we hope that this, together with the importance of correct and early diagnosis, in countries where leprosy is likely to occur, will justify the present discussion of this subject. We are not submitting any new points in diagnosis but rather argue the need of a practical presentation of the matter for the general profession, especially in our own country, where every now and then a notable case proves an ignorance of essential points which should be known. More than this, the reports of imported cases of leprosy in our seaport cities have shown conclusively either that the national quarantine against leprosy is a farce in its enforcement, or that the quarantine officials are ignorant of the symptoms of the disease. In New York chiefly numerous cases have been presented which have more
Diminished Ventilatory Response to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia after Morphine in Normal Man
Authors: John V. Weil, Robert E. McCullough, J. S. Kline, Ingvar E. Sodal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Although morphine depresses respiration the mechanism of this depression remains unknown. Accordingly, ventilatory responses to hypoxia and to hypercapnia were measured before and after administration of 7.5 mg of morphine sulfate subcutaneously in six normal subjects. This procedure produced resting hypoventilation manifested as a peak rise in alveolar carbon dioxide tension from 42.9 ± 1.7 to 45.4 ± 1.5 mm Hg ( ±S.E.M.) at 30 minutes (p < 0.01). Hypoxic ventilatory drive, measured by an index of the relation between ventilation and hypoxia (parameter A), decreased from a control of 108 ± 17.6 to 42.8 ± 5.3 at 60 minutes after morphine (p < 0.01). Hypercapnic ventilatory drive, measured as the slope of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia, also decreased from 1.69 ± 0.24 to 0.98 ± 0.20 (p < 0.01) 75 minutes after morphine. Decreased responsiveness to the chemical stimuli to breathing may contribute to the ventilatory depression frequently seen after administration of morphine. (N Engl J Med 292:1103–1106, 1975)
Improvement of Myasthenia Gravis by Hemodialysis in a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: R. W. HEDGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A patient with chronic renal failure developed myasthenia gravis that showed transient improvement after dialysis. Hemodialysis may be of value in the treatment of severe myasthenia gravis, but further evaluation is necessary before its proper role can be established.
Meeting Report: NCI Think Tanks in Cancer Biology
Authors: John A. Sogn, Hoda Anton-Culver, Dinah S. Singer
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Over the past year and a half, the Division of Cancer Biology of NCI has been assessing the state of cancer biology, with the goal of developing a research agenda for the near future that would accelerate progress in cancer research. Our goal was to identify emerging concepts and promising opportunities for investigation across nine scientific areas with unusual promise for rapid progress. A series of meetings called Think Tanks was convened, each involving a panel of 15-25 experts. In all, over 160 leaders in cancer research and related fields discussed the current state of science in their disciplines, projected its trajectory and recommended what NCI could or should do to facilitate progress. In addition to emphasizing the importance of continued support for investigator-initiated research, the Think Tanks permitted identification of a number of overarching themes. Critical among them was the need to support the development of integrative cancer biology and to encourage studies of the tumor microenvironment by establishing an infrastructure for interactive research. There was also consensus about the importance of comparative studies of normal and tumor states, and development of mechanisms for supporting collaborative, interdisciplinary research and training.
Cytogenetic Studies in Acute Leukaemia
Authors: A. G. Baikie, P. A. Jacobs, J. A. McBride, I. M. Tough
Journal: BMJ (1961)

It is not easy to see what should be done to prevent symptoms of the kind described in this paper.Faced by a patient with a duodenal ulcer who is known to be a moderate drinker and who has had a number of acute complications of his ulcer, the surgeon must choose whether or not to operate.If he does not do so he may endanger the life of his patient.If he carries out a partial gastrectomy he might convert a reasonably adjusted individual into a chronic alcoholic, incapable of work, a burden to himself and his family alike.A warning about the possible effects of drinking after operation should be given, and if the patient is obviously drinking to excess he should be referred for psychiatric help.Undue preoccupation with dumping symptoms, persistent loss of or failure to regain weight, and repeated requests for potentially habit-forming drugs should all be regarded as warning signals indicating that the patient might be heading for a breakdown or addiction.In the absence of any clearly defined pattern of behaviour or of personality it is not easy to avoid operating on those who might thereby be exposed to a special risk of breakdown.Those who show psycho- pathic features or who are prone to resort to drink to relieve their anxieties should be detected before operation so that psychiatric treatment can be started before and continued after operation.By doing this one might hope to avoid some of the unfortunate consequences of partial gastrectomy described in this paper.Summary 25 patients (17 men and 8 women) were admitted for psychiatric treatment after a partial gastrectomy.In most cases this was done for relief of symptoms of duodenal ulcer.56% of these cases were admitted for treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction.A review of previous work suggests that there is a special relationship between the operation and subsequent addiction to alcohol and drugs.This special relationship may not hold when psychoneurotic illness follows partial gastrectomy.In such cases the operation probably acts as a non-specific stress in a vulnerable personality.The implications of these findings are discussed, and it is suggested that the development of certain symptoms post-operatively may indicate the need for psychiatric treatment.
An activated CD8+ lymphocyte appears in lymph nodes of rhesus monkeys early after infection with simian immunodeficiency virus.
Authors: K A Reimann, G B Snyder, L V Chalifoux, B C Waite, M D Miller, H Yamamoto, O Spertini, N L Letvin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Although alterations in T lymphocyte subset distribution and function in the peripheral blood of HIV-infected humans are well defined, the extent to which these reflect changes in other lymphoid compartments is unclear. We have characterized the coincident changes in PBL and lymph nodes (LN)1 after simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac) infection of rhesus monkeys. Whereas no consistent change in CD8+ PBL was noted during the first 60 d after infection, CD8+ lymphocytes increased significantly in number in LN. These CD8+ LN lymphocytes exhibited an increased expression of MHC class II and a decreased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, suggesting that they were activated, but interestingly did not express CD25 (IL-2 receptor). Moreover, there was no evidence that these CD8+ LN cells were proliferating, suggesting that they had migrated to the LN. These changes in the LN CD8+ lymphocyte population preceded any detectable change in the light microscopic appearance of the LN. When SIVmac-specific effector T cell responses were assessed, the magnitude of virus-specific effector activity was nearly identical in the PBL and LN of each monkey studied. However, the presence of SIVmac-specific effector cells in the LN did not correlate with the presence of CD8+, MHC class II+ cells. These findings suggest that this numerically important CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation may serve a regulatory function.
The mechanism of disappearance of the physiologic third heart sound with age.
Authors: F Van de Werf, J Geboers, H Kesteloot, H De Geest, L Barrios
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To study the mechanism of disappearance of the physiologic third heart sound (S3) with advancing age, combined phonoechocardiographic and phonomechanocardiographic recordings from 165 normal subjects between 6 and 62 years old were quantitatively analyzed. Nearly all individuals under 40 years old had a recordable S3. Although recordable in 38.6% of the 44 subjects over 40 years old, the physiologic S3 found in adults was less intense and occurred later in diastole when compared with that in children and adolescents. Marked changes in left ventricular filling hemodynamics were observed with aging, including an increase in left ventricular wall thickness and mass, a prolongation of the left ventricular isovolumetric relaxation period, a decrease in left ventricular early diastolic filling and wall thinning rates, and a reduction in the height and steepness of the rapid filling wave measured on the calibrated left apexcardiogram (linear correlation with age significant at p less than .001 for all parameters). Although less pronounced, these changes were very similar to the diastolic abnormalities found in patients with pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy. Therefore, the higher pressure load imposed on the left ventricular wall due to the well-known gradual increase in blood pressure that occurs during normal growth and adulthood appears to be the most likely explanation for the observed changes in diastolic filling. It is concluded that the later occurrence, the diminishing amplitude, and the eventual complete disappearance of the physiologic S3 with age results from a decrease in early diastolic left ventricular filling and subsequent deceleration of inflow caused by the development of relative left ventricular hypertrophy in adulthood as compared with childhood.
Myocardial Delayed Enhancement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Marly Conceição Silva, Zilda Maria Alves Meira, Juliana Gurgel Giannetti, Marcelo Moreira da Silva, Alysson Félix Oliveira Campos, Márcia de Melo Barbosa, Geraldo Moll Starling Filho, Rogério de Aguiar Ferreira, Mayana Zatz, Carlos Eduardo Rochitte
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Chronology of p53 protein accumulation in gastric carcinogenesis.
Authors: M E Craanen, P Blok, W Dekker, G J Offerhaus, G N Tytgat
Journal: Gut (1995)

p53 Protein accumulation in early gastric carcinoma was studied in relation to the histological type (Lauren classification) and the type of growth pattern, including the chronology of p53 protein accumulation during carcinogenesis. Forty five, paraffin embedded gastrectomy specimens from early carcinomas were examined for the presence of chronic atrophic gastritis, subtypes of intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. The Lauren type and the type of growth pattern were reassessed for all early carcinomas. p53 Protein accumulation was examined using the monoclonal antibody DO-7. Complete absence of p53 protein accumulation was observed in normal gastric mucosa, chronic atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia, irrespective of subtype. In gastric dysplasia (one mild, two moderate, and one severe), only severe dysplasia was p53 positive. Intestinal type (n = 20) and diffuse type early gastric carcinomas (n = 25) were p53 positive in 70% and 52% of cases, respectively. Both tumour types differed significantly in the percentage of p53 positive tumour cells per tumour (p < 0.01) and in staining intensity (p < 0.05). No significant difference in p53 protein accumulation was found between early carcinomas with different types of growth pattern. It is concluded that p53 protein accumulation--usually reflecting missense p53 gene mutation--seems to be a late event in gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, it is suggested that missense p53 gene mutation occurs in a final pathway common to both intestinal and diffuse type of early gastric carcinoma. Finally, the types of growth pattern do not seem to differ in p53 protein accumulation.
A multidrug-resistance protein (MRP)-like transmembrane pump is highly expressed by resting murine T helper (Th) 2, but not Th1 cells, and is induced to equal expression levels in Th1 and Th2 cells after antigenic stimulation in vivo.
Authors: M Lohoff, S Prechtl, F Sommer, M Roellinghoff, E Schmitt, G Gradehandt, P Rohwer, B D Stride, S P Cole, R G Deeley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

A transmembrane pump for organic anions was identified in resting murine T helper (Th) 2, but not Th1 lymphocyte cell clones, as revealed by extrusion of a fluorescent dye. Dye extrusion inhibition studies suggested that the pump may be the multidrug-resistance protein (MRP). The different expression of the pump in resting Th1 and Th2 cell clones correlated with their respective levels of MRP mRNA. The pump was inducible in Th1 cells by antigenic stimulation in vitro leading to equal expression in activated Th1 and Th2 cell clones. This suggested that dye extrusion might allow the detection of Th2 (resting or activated) or of activated Th1 cells ex vivo based on a functional parameter. To test this, mice were infected with Leishmania major parasites to activate L. major-specific T cells of either Th1 (C57BL/6 mice) or Th2 (BALB/c mice) phenotype: 2-3% of CD4+ lymph node T cells of both strains of mice extruded the dye, defining a cell subset that did not coincide with subsets defined by other activation markers. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting revealed that the lymphokine response (Th1 or Th2, respectively) to L. major antigens was restricted to this dye-extruding subset.
Immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor β3 in calcinosis in a patient with systemic sclerosis and CREST syndrome
Authors: T. Kawakami, Y. Soma, M. Mizoguchi, R. Saito
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Journal Article Immunohistochemical expression of transforming growth factor β3 in calcinosis in a patient with systemic sclerosis and CREST syndrome Get access T. Kawakami, T. Kawakami St Marianna University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 2–16–1 Sugao, Miyamae‐ku, Kawasaki‐city, Kanagawa 216–8511, Japan *2nd Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine Ohasi Hospital, 2–17–6, Ohashi, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8515, JapanE‐mail: tami@marianna‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Soma, Y. Soma St Marianna University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 2–16–1 Sugao, Miyamae‐ku, Kawasaki‐city, Kanagawa 216–8511, Japan *2nd Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine Ohasi Hospital, 2–17–6, Ohashi, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8515, JapanE‐mail: tami@marianna‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Mizoguchi, M. Mizoguchi St Marianna University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 2–16–1 Sugao, Miyamae‐ku, Kawasaki‐city, Kanagawa 216–8511, Japan *2nd Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine Ohasi Hospital, 2–17–6, Ohashi, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8515, JapanE‐mail: tami@marianna‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Saito R. Saito St Marianna University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, 2–16–1 Sugao, Miyamae‐ku, Kawasaki‐city, Kanagawa 216–8511, Japan *2nd Department of Dermatology, Toho University School of Medicine Ohasi Hospital, 2–17–6, Ohashi, Meguro‐ku, Tokyo 153‐8515, JapanE‐mail: tami@marianna‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 143, Issue 5, 1 November 2000, Pages 1098–1100, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03860.x Published: 01 November 2000
Intravenous Theophylline Therapy: Nomogram Guidelines
Authors: WILLIAM J. JUSKO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

We evolved a nomogram for guiding and standardizing intravenous theophylline therapy in hospitalized patients. It provides rapid calculation of a loading dose based on body weight and previous therapy and a maintenance infusion rate related to three categories of expected metabolic activity. The guidelines were prospectively used in the treatment of 72 patients, mainly in a respiratory care unit. The nomogram was successfully used to attain near-steady-state serum concentrations in the therapeutic range of 8 to 20 mg/litre in 72% of patients, with only two patients outside of the range of 5 to 25 mg/litre. These guidelines facilitate initial theophylline dosage in older patients with liver and cardiac disease and provide a rational basis for interpreting serum concentration measurements and adjustment of drug therapy.
Cause of Weakness in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: David Grob
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Normal resting muscle exhibits at the end plate constantly recurring miniature potentials attributable to the release from motor-nerve endings of subliminal quanta of acetylcholine, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the subsynaptic membrane. This action increases ionic permeability of the membrane, and the movement of sodium ions into the muscle results in disappearance of the resting potential difference across the membrane (depolarization), localized to the end-plate region. When a nerve impulse reaches the motor-nerve endings, an enormously larger number of quanta of acetylcholine are released, depolarizing enough of the membrane to initiate a muscle action . . .
Crisis in Child Mental Health: Challenge for the 1970's
Authors: Saul I. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<i>Crisis in Child Mental Health</i>is a 500-page report to the Congress of the United States, representing three years of exhaustive study by the Joint Commission on Mental Health of Children. This definitive report opens with a brief, impassioned look at the tragic lack of any unified commitment to children and youth. In the next hundred pages are the many recommendations, followed by separate chapters of rich documentation. These subjects range from the impact of contemporary American society on family life and on mental health of children and youth, to poverty and mental health, the children of minority groups, and the innovative use of human resources for human services. The sheer range and diversity of these recommendations defies summary. This richness is at once the report's greatest strength and its gravest potential weakness. With such a broad social sweep some may be tempted to dismiss it as trying to be
Regional changes in blood flow, extracellular potassium and conduction during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Robert J. Hariman, Eric K. Louie, Rick L. Krahmer, Siobhan M. Bremner, David Euler, Ming H. Hwang, James L. Ferguson, Henry S. Loeb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Courses and Degrees in Public Health Work
Authors: M. J. ROSENAU
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dynamics of tissue distribution of radiopotassium as affected by simulated differences in regional extraction
Authors: H. F. DOWNEY, F. A. BASHOUR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Dynamics of tissue distribution of radiopotassium as affected by simulated differences in regional extraction Get access H. FRED DOWNEY, H. FRED DOWNEY From the Cardiopulmonary Institute and Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75222, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FOUAD A. BASHOUR FOUAD A. BASHOUR From the Cardiopulmonary Institute and Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75222, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 5, September 1975, Pages 607–612, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.5.607 Published: 01 September 1975
Thyroxine Transport and Metabolism in Methadone and Heroin Addicts
Authors: FEREIDOUN AZIZI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The chronic use of methadone or heroin results in various abnormalities in the transport and peripheral metabolism of thyroxine (T4). An increase in the thyroxine-binding capacity of the thyroxine-binding globulin and in the serum concentrations of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3) may be found in methadone and heroin addicts. In the heroin addicts these changes are accompanied by a decrease in the fractional turnover rate of T4; in patients receiving methadone the turnover rate is normal. Despite these abnormalities, serum free T4 concentrations and total T4 degradation rates were within the normal range of values, and the patients were clinically euthyroid. The causes of these changes remain obscure, probably because of the multiple effects these drugs have on various physiological processes.