tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protecting against Future Shock — Inhalational Anthrax
Authors: Gary J. Nabel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In a world filled with pressing unmet medical needs, why would a physician want to protect against a disease that is rarely seen? Part of the answer can be deduced from the events of the fall of 2001. The deliberate release of anthrax spores on unsuspecting U.S. citizens in the wake of September 11 unsettled Americans who were already concerned about the weaponization of smallpox, Ebola and Marburg viruses, and other pathogens. The subsequent arrival of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, together with the recent swine influenza epidemic, has further underscored our vulnerability to infectious diseases, both deliberate and . . .
Vascular mechanisms of cyclosporin-induced hypertension in the rat.
Authors: J B Roullet, H Xue, D A McCarron, S Holcomb, W M Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Numerous studies have explored the pathogenesis of cyclosporin A (CysA)-induced hypertension; however, none has assessed the impact of CysA treatment on resistance arteries in the setting of elevated blood pressure. Therefore, we studied the chronic effect of CysA on rat mesenteric artery resistance vessels (ex vivo). CysA (25 mg/kg per d for 7 d), but not vehicle, significantly raised systolic blood pressure (13.4 +/- 2.2 mmHg, P < 0.003, n = 9 per group). The resistance vessels from CysA-treated rats showed a small but significant decrease in norepinephrine sensitivity (P < 0.03) and a pronounced decrease in endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation (P < 0.001) compared to controls. Endothelin-1 sensitivity tended to be diminished (P = 0.07). The direct (in vitro) effect of CysA was subsequently evaluated in resistance vessels from nontreated animals (n = 8) and exposed to CysA (2 micrograms/ml) for 24 h. As observed in vivo, CysA significantly decreased endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations (P < 0.05) and attenuated norepinephrine sensitivity (P = 0.06). Methylene blue, a nitric oxide quencher, significantly inhibited the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in control, but not in CysA vessels, suggesting a selective action of CysA on the nitric oxide pathway. We conclude that CysA-induced hypertension is the consequence of a primary effect on resistance vessel relaxation, not increased vasoconstriction, as previously suggested.
NICE "referral advice" recommendations database
Authors: M. J. Docherty, M. Choudhury, P. Littlejohns
Journal: BMJ (2011)

McBride and colleagues conclude that the absence of explicit guidance is one reason for the inequality in primary to secondary care referrals associated with socioeconomic circumstances.1

Referral to a specialty service is a crucial point in a patient’s management. The decision is complex, reflecting the needs and expectations of individual patients and their families, the knowledge and …
Abstract 5361: Enriching and characterizing cancer stem cell grown on collagen type IV-coated plate in primary pediatric brain tumors
Authors: Dong Ok Kim, Jun Bum Park, Young Shin Ra
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There is accumulating evidence that cancer stem cells (CSC) in adherent culture maintain and enrich their characteristics by extracellular matrix (ECM). This study focused on differential expression of not only CSC markers and differentiation markers, but also embryonic signaling pathways when cultured on various ECM-coated plates. Four cells from pediatric patients with brain tumor were grown in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10ng/ml FGF, bFGF and 0.5x B-27. After forming of neurosphere, the cells were cultivated on each three kinds of ECM-coated plate including collagen type IV, fibronectin and poly-D-lysine. And the expression level of CD133, CD15, Nestin, Oct3/4, SOX2 as CSC markers, GFAP, β-tubuliln III for differentiation markers, Wnt, Notch, Shh, their transcription factors like β-catenin, Hes1, Gli1 respectively for embryonic signaling pathways was assessed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. As a result, two among four brain tumor cells grown on collagen type IV-coated plate expressed higher expression level of CD133, CD15, Nestin, SOX2, Oct3/4, Wnt5a and Notch than in the cells cultured on fibronectin or poly-D-lysine-coated plate. And residual two cells cultivated on collagen type IV and fibronectin, not on poly-D-lysine were shown similar expression level of almost all genes. There is no difference of Shh, Gli1, GFAP and β-tubuliln III expressions in all cells grown on each of three ECM-coated plates. In conclusion, collagen type IV is required for enriching and maintaining of CSC characteristics in primary pediatric brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5361. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5361
Prevention of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma with antiviral therapy
Authors: Ching-Lung Lai, Man-Fung Yuen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Primary prevention of hepatitis B infection by vaccination is effective in reducing the incidence of HCC. In persons with CHB infection, the two accepted treatment modalities are interferon alpha (IFN-α) given subcutaneously for a limited period and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs given orally on a long-term basis. These treatments are effective in suppressing viral activity and improving disease markers in short-term studies. The long-term effect on the development of liver cancers with these two forms of treatment appears to be different. However, there are no studies directly comparing IFN-α and nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. Comparisons across studies are inevitably limited by differences in the baseline characteristics of the study cohorts. Long-term follow-up studies of IFN-α therapy show inconsistent results. The beneficial effect in reducing the development of liver cancer is observed mainly in treatment responders who have preexisting cirrhosis of the liver. The long-term studies of lamivudine (and adefovir) show a consistent reduction in the development of liver cancers in patients with, and without, cirrhosis. This beneficial effect is blunted by the development of resistance. The effects of the newer nucleoside/nucleotide analogs, with higher potency and minimal risk of resistance development, are, as yet, unknown.
Resistance to Insulin Therapy Among Patients and Providers: Results of the Cross-National Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) Study
Authors: George Phillipov, Patrick J. Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

specific treatments, it is accepted by all with a specialist interest in this field that the mainstay of emergency management is the immediate institution of effective offloading, preferably in a total contact cast.Offloading results in protection of the bones and joints of the foot, as well as amelioration of the underlying inflammatory process.
Sudden Death in Labour after Penicillin Injection
Authors: P. E. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1955)

A Case of Human AnthraxAnthrax is a comparatively rare disease in this country, although its true incidence is difficult to arrive at in view of the fact that it is not a notifiable disease unless con- tracted at work.The following case is of general interest in view of this comparative rarity and also because of the possibility of an unusual mode of infection.
P1148 BASELINE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE (SVR) IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH FIRST GENERATION PROTEASE INHIBITORS PLUS PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2a (40KD) AND RIBAVIRIN
Authors: S. Christensen, K.H.W. Boeker, C. Eisenbach, M. Schuchmann, T. Lutz, R. Heyne, G. Moog, S. Mauss, M.-C. Jung, G. Teuber, F. Emke, U. Naumann, M. Frank Doss, A.v. Lucadou, U. Alshuth, D. Hueppe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
INTRAFAMILIAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS
Authors: Hiroshi Kamitsukasa, Hidehru Harada, Michiyasu Yakura, Akira Fukuda, Akira Ohbayashi, Izumu Saito, Tatsuo Miyamura, Qui-Lim Choo, Michael Houghton, George Kuo
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
The effect of dexamethasone on defective nephrin transport caused by ER stress: A potential mechanism for the therapeutic action of glucocorticoids in the acquired glomerular diseases
Authors: Y. Fujii, J. Khoshnoodi, H. Takenaka, M. Hosoyamada, A. Nakajo, F. Bessho, A. Kudo, S. Takahashi, Y. Arimura, A. Yamada, T. Nagasawa, V. Ruotsalainen, K. Tryggvason, A.S. Lee, K. Yan
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Trajectory of an Academic Career
Authors: Judith G. Hall
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
HAIR-BALLS IN THE ALIMENTARY TRACT
Authors: C. Noon
Journal: BMJ (1928)

Chronic septic ulceration 2 1 1 Suppurating sinuses (not 3 2 1 tuberculous) Septic thrombo-phlebitis ... 1 1 0 Hepatic abscess (not amoebic) 1 0 1 Acne vulgaris ... ... ... 3 2 1 Unna's ulcerating inguinal 1 0 1 granuloma due to B. pyoc-yanteus Total of group ... 13 8 5 61.5
Rapid formation of large molecular weight alpha-polymers in cross-linked fibrin induced by high factor XIII concentrations. Role of platelet factor XIII.
Authors: C W Francis, V J Marder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

After fibrin polymerization, activated Factor XIII catalyzes the formation of intermolecular cross-links between gamma-chain pairs and also among two or more alpha-chains to form polymers. In this report we characterize the size and heterogeneity of alpha-chain polymers, establish the role of high concentrations of Factor XIII in determining the extent and rate of alpha-polymer formation, and also provide evidence that the Factor XIII required can be provided by platelets. Fibrin prepared from purified fibrinogen or platelet-deficient plasma contained a series of cross-linked alpha-chain polymers with Mr from 140,000 to 770,000 with a mean Mr difference of 32,000 consistent with a staggered, overlapping addition of monomers to the growing alpha-polymer chain. In plasma containing no platelets, alpha-polymer formation was incomplete with residual alpha-monomer remaining, but higher platelet counts facilitated more rapid cross-linking into larger polymers. Purified Factor XIII was equally effective as platelets in facilitating cross-linking. We conclude that cross-linked alpha-polymer chains are heterogeneous in size reaching a molecular weight of several million and that high concentrations of Factor XIII as provided by platelets are required for maximum cross-linking.
Two views on the Griffiths report. The mobilisation of consent versus the management of conflict: decoding the Griffiths report.
Authors: P Day, R Klein
Journal: BMJ (1983)

For the past 15 years successive ministers of health have been pursuing a vision that has turned out to be an ever receding mirage.This is the vision of a National Health Service that could stretch scarce resources by improving the quality of management.It was a Labour Minister of Health, Sir (then Mr) Kenneth Robinson, who as long ago as 1968 proposed to set up a board of "directors," headed by a chief administrative officer, in each health authority.'It was-a Conservative Secretary of State, Sir Keith Joseph, who in 1971 introduced his plans for reorganising the NHS by proclaiming that the intention was to promote effective management: "the importance of good management in making the best use of resources can hardly be overstated," he argued.2Now it is Mr Norman Fowler's turn to pursue the vision as embodied in the report of the NHS Management Inquiry, chaired by Mr Roy Griffiths.3The main proposals put forward by the Griffiths report are deceptively simple and, by now, familiar.In essence, they are to appoint a general manager at every level of the NHS-from the Department of Health downward to the individual unit or hospital-who would be charged with overall managerial responsibility for the services provided and for giving the leadership required to "stimulate initiative, urgency, and vitality" in the process of seeking ever greater efficiency.These proposals are, in themselves, radical and contentious enough.But the implications of implementing the Griffiths proposals are far more radical and contentious still.For unless the logic of adopting a managerial approach to running the NHS is pushed much further than in the Griffiths report itself-which only hints rather vaguely at some of the major, long term implications-it seems all too likely that the hopes invested in it by Mr Fowler will turn out to be destined for the same disillusionment that followed similar initiatives by his pre- decessors.And it is only by understanding why these earlier initiatives failed to deliver the goods-for reasons embedded in the very nature of the NHS-that it is possible to understand just what would be involved in implementing the Griffiths proposals fully.The cure proposed by Griffiths is based on a very specific diagnosis of the NHS's present ills.The NHS is suffering from "institutionalised stagnation."Health authorities are "being swamped with directives without being given direction."The NHS, moreover, is an organisation in which "it is extremely difficult to achieve change."There is confusion between the roles of central government and those of health authorities: "the centre is still too much involved in too many of the wrong things and too little involved in some that really matter."Consensus decision making leads to "long delays in the management process."In short, the NHS would seem to be an instrument for the mutual frustration of all those working
Differences observed in study of associations between active commuting, body fat, and body mass index are unlikely to be clinically significant
Authors: R. A. McGregor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Flint and colleagues’ conclusions that men and women who commuted to work by active or public modes of transport had lower body mass index and percentage body fat than people who commuted to work using private transport raises the tantalising idea that encouraging people to find active ways to get to work may improve body composition.1 The authors acknowledge a …
RAZOR HANDLE IN BRONCHUS
Authors: G. Edward Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A man reported to his ward surgeon that on the previous day, during a fit of depression, he had swallowed the handle of a safety razor, but did not say anything about it at the time. Roentgen-ray examination verified the patient's statement. Exploration of the esophagus failed to disclose the presence of the body or any evidence of perforation. Examination with a bronchoscope also failed. On the third day, the foreign body was coughed up spontaneously. No serious changes were produced in the lung, nor was there any interference with breathing. There were some signs of edema at the left base the day following the exploration and up to the time the foreign body was expelled. These signs had disappeared entirely within five days after exploration. The most interesting question in connection with the case is the mechanism by which it was introduced, and how a foreign body of such
Importance of hypovolaemic shock and endoscopic signs in predicting recurrent haemorrhage from peptic ulceration.
Authors: S Brearley, P C Hawker, P W Dykes, M R Keighley
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>SUMMARY:</h3> Brain multivoxel MR spectroscopic imaging was performed in 3 consecutive patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These included 1 patient with COVID-19-associated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy, another patient who had a recent pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest with subtle white matter changes, and a patient without frank encephalopathy or a recent severe hypoxic episode. The MR spectroscopic imaging findings were compared with those of 2 patients with white matter pathology not related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and a healthy control subject. The NAA reduction, choline elevation, and glutamate/glutamine elevation found in the patient with COVID-19-associated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy and, to a lesser degree, the patient with COVID-19 postcardiac arrest, follow a similar pattern as seen with the patient with delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy. Lactate elevation was most pronounced in the patient with COVID-19 necrotizing leukoencephalopathy.
Wound Care Following Needlestick Injuries
Authors: Gregg Kasting
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of ATP-sensitive K+ channel on ECG ST segment elevation during a bout of myocardial ischemia. A study on epicardial mapping in dogs.
Authors: I Kubota, M Yamaki, T Shibata, E Ikeno, Y Hosoya, H Tomoike
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND ATP-sensitive K+ channels are activated when the myocardium becomes ischemic. However, the role of the ATP-sensitive K+ current in the emergence of ECG ST changes during ischemia remained unclarified. METHODS AND RESULTS The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was cannulated and perfused with arterial blood from the carotid artery through a bypass tube in 8 anesthetized, open-chest dogs. An array of 60 unipolar electrodes mounted on a sock was used to record epicardial electrograms of the whole heart. Pinacidil (10 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), an ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener, was infused into the bypass tube for 2 minutes, and the electrograms were recorded before and after the infusion. The elevation of the ST segment and the increase of QRST area were observed spatially over the LAD-perfused region. At the electrode showing the largest ST segment elevation, the activation recovery interval, an index of action potential duration, was shortened from 202 +/- 9 to 111 +/- 18 milliseconds (P &lt; .001). These electrographic changes were similar to those noted in 2-minute coronary occlusion (n = 8). The extent of ST segment elevation during coronary occlusion was attenuated after the intravenous pretreatment with glibenclamide (0.3 mg/kg), a blocker of the KATP channel (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels during a bout of acute myocardial ischemia plays an important role in the emergence of ECG ST elevation.
The Acid-Consuming Capacity of Magnesium Trisilicate-Reply
Authors: Lloyd C. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The popular antacid, magnesium trisilicate, is a hydrate of variable water content, a pharmaceutical fact that creates confusion. The U.S. Pharmacopeia defines magnesium trisilicate as "a compound of magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide with varying proportions of water." The only specification on the water content is an upper limit of 34%. The form generally used for medicinal purposes contains about 32% of water, on the average. However, the U.S.P. standard for acid-consuming capacity is expressed in terms of the<i>anhydrous</i>compound. Thus, the attribute of greatest clinical significance is accurately standardized and commerce in the bulk form is on an adequately uniform basis. That is, each gram of water-free magnesium trisilicate must neutralize between 140 and 160 ml. of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The prevailing misunderstanding stems from the practice followed in formulating and labeling the products, which are mostly mixtures, that contain magnesium trisilicate. Inquiry reveals
Effects of Sure Start local programmes on children and families: early findings from a quasi-experimental, cross sectional study
Authors: Jay Belsky, Edward Melhuish, Jacqueline Barnes, Alastair H Leyland, Helena Romaniuk
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To evaluate the effects of Sure Start local programmes (SSLPs) on children and their families. To assess whether variations in the effectiveness of SSLPs are due to differences in implementation. <b>Design</b> Quasi-experimental cross sectional study using interviews with mothers and cognitive assessment of children aged 36 months who speak English. <b>Setting</b> Socially deprived communities in England: 150 communities with ongoing SSLPs and 50 comparison communities. <b>Participants</b> Mothers of 12 575 children aged 9 months and 3927 children aged 36 months in SSLP areas; mothers of 1509 children aged 9 months and 1101 children aged 36 months in comparison communities. <b>Outcome measures</b> Mothers9 reports of community services and local area, family functioning and parenting skills, child health and development, and verbal ability at 36 months. <b>Results</b> Differences between SSLP areas and comparison areas were limited, small, and varied by degree of social deprivation. SSLPs had beneficial effects on non-teenage mothers (better parenting, better social functioning in children) and adverse effects on children of teenage mothers (poorer social functioning) and children of single parents or parents who did not work (lower verbal ability). SSLPs led by health services were slightly more effective than other SSLPs. <b>Conclusion</b> SSLPs seem to benefit relatively less socially deprived parents (who have greater personal resources) and their children but seem to have an adverse effect on the most disadvantaged children. Programmes led by health services seem to be more effective than programmes led by other agencies.