tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE PROPRIETY OF OPERATIVE MEASURES IN PELVIC PERITONITIS.Read before the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: LEWIS SCHOOLER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Operative interference has become so frequent in pelvic and abdominal troubles that at a casual glance it would seem that nothing had escaped, and that a paper calling attention to any one of the numerous pelvic affections would be superfluous; that all conditions for which operations were advised and practiced were fully understood; that the time for operative interference was definitely settled, and that every community had had an operation or two of this character. A more careful observation, however, will show that neither of these points are settled and without their settlement the status of operative interference is yet a debatable question. We have arrayed on the one side the conservatives with conservatism carried to timidity. On the other, we have the reckless and amateur operators, of whom the latter are the more dangerous, not alone on account of their inexperience, but in their anxiety to become abdominal surgeons
"Leg Syndrome" Following Rubella Vaccine
Authors: Charles Grose
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  In a recent report inThe Journal, 1 Robert E. Weibel et al found no arthralgia following duck rubella vaccine in 276 female children between the ages of 8 months and 11 years. The following case in a boy not quite 2 years old suggests that this preparation of rubella vaccine should be considered as a cause of joint symptoms even in very young children.  Report of a Case.—  On Sept 7, 1972, three weeks prior to his second birthday, the child received HPV-77 duck rubella vaccine. On Sept 19, his mother noticed that he experienced pain when she attempted to pull his pants over his left leg. The next morning he could neither get out of nor roll over in bed because of pain in his left leg. On Sept 21, when seen by us, he held his legs mildly flexed and stood on his toes
The Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with Acute Hepatitis
Authors: Irvin C. Plough, Robert S. Ayerle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE Gullain-Barré syndrome is an acute disorder of the peripheral nervous system manifested primarily by paralysis but frequently including sensory loss as well. There is often a history of an antecedent infection, usually from a nonspecific disease of the upper respiratory tract. Occasionally, the syndrome follows a specific disease, usually infectious mononucleosis.1 Acute hepatitis is rarely a complication. There are only 4 previous cases in the literature of such an association.1 2 3 4 Case ReportA 42-year-old male patient was well until 10 days before admission to the hospital, when he noted anorexia and dark urine. He had no knowledge of exposure . . .
HIGH RESISTANCE SHANK MUSCLE STRENGTH TRAINING CHANGES FOOT BEHAVIOUR DURING A SUDDEN ANKLE SUPINATION
Authors: Marco Hagen, Stephanie Lescher, Ewald Hennig, Stephan Felber
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background Chronic lateral ankle instability afflicts many athletes. The peroneal muscles are the most effective lateral stabilizers whose strength increase might brace the ankle joint complex laterally. Purpose of this study was to identify the morphological and biomechanical effects of functional pronator and supinator strength training compared to traditional plantar and dorsiflexor resistance exercises. Methods A functional anatomic strength training machine for the pronators and supinators of the foot (FSTM) was constructed. 22 healthy male sport students performed ten weeks of single-set high resistance strength training with 3 training sessions per week. The subjects conducted functional pronator/supinator training (FPST) at the FSTM with the right leg, the left leg was trained with plantar and dorsiflexions (PD) at traditional training machines. Intraindividual changes in foot behaviour during a sudden ankle turn were recorded by using a custom made supination platform, which was mounted on a force plate. Muscle reaction times (EMG) of m. tibialis anterior (TA) and m. peronaeus longus (PL) as well as supination angle (electrogoniometer) were measured. Additionally, the muscle volumes of both lower legs were quantified by MRI (3 Tesla) of 9 randomly chosen subjects. The results were analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variances (ANOVA). Results The intraindividual comparison (FPST vs. PD) revealed similar biomechanical effects despite specific strength increase. Compared to PD, FPST resulted in significantly higher pronator (14% vs. 8%, p&lt;0.01) and supinator MVC (25% vs. 12%, p&lt;0.01). During sudden inversions both, FPST and PD, resulted in reduced (p&lt;0.05) and delayed (p=0.06) first peak vertical impact as well as reduced supination velocity (p&lt;0.01). Muscular reaction was faster after the training in PL (p&lt;0.01) and TA (p&lt;0.05) with an interaction trend in favour of FPST in PL (p=0.06). Muscle volume increased specifically in m. tibialis posterior (+10%; p&gt;0.01) and m. flexor hallucis longus (+6%; p&gt;0.01) after FPST. PL, TA and m. gastrocnemius showed significant muscle volume increase without interaction effects. Discussion/Conclusions After both, FPST and PD, the ankle joint complex is more mechanically stabilized against sudden supinations due to muscle volume increase. According to the typical ankle sprain mechanism (plantarflexed and supinated foot in a landing maneuver), a combination of dorsiflexor and specific pronator strength training might show even higher functional ankle stability. Future clinical studies might show the preventive potential of shank muscle training.
New approach to the consultant contract
Authors: J. Riordan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

same disease can present in myriad ways.Nevertheless, we can learn from the airlines, as David Johnson suggests on p 563. 11 They spend a much higher proportion of revenue on training and they report all incidents, with "blame" being minimised.This is a habit which we should adopt, but it requires a much more sympathetic approach from management than has pertained in the past.Even more important, we need, as suggested by Vincent et al 1 and England's chief medical officer 12 to put in place a national system for recording adverse events.This is an enormous undertaking and could be introduced initially in high risk areas-but in the end it should be a matter of course in every medical setting, public and private, in the United Kingdom.Only then will we really learn and improve our practice to the ultimate benefit of the public.
TREATMENT OF NEURALGIA OF THE FIFTH NERVE BY INJECTION OF THE GASSERIAN GANGLION
Authors: H. H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The injection of the ganglion of Gasser through the foramen ovale for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia has passed beyond the experimental stage and will eventually supersede surgical extirpation of the ganglion, division of the sensory root, peripheral and nerve trunk injection, and other more or less unsatisfactory procedures. The operation is, of course, a very delicate one and requires, in addition to thorough knowledge of the topography of the parts, some surgical skill and dexterity; the needle will necessarily pass very near to important blood vessels, principally the internal maxillary artery, which lies in close proximity to the inferior maxillary nerve in the sphenomaxillary fossa and sends a small meningeal branch through the foramen ovale. If improperly directed, the needle may enter the foramen spinosum, the jugular foramen, or an anomalous foramen transmitting an emissary vein known as the foramen Civinini, occasionally found
Warfarin Resistance with Nafcillin Therapy
Authors: G. D. QURESHI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Drug-induced warfarin resistance may be mediated by the direct effect of a drug on warfarin's absorption, excretion, distribution, or metabolism. A 29-year-old man on long-term stable anticoagulation therapy with warfarin sodium developed resistance to warfarin while receiving nafcillin. His prothrombin time ranged between 14 and 17 s (control, 12 s) despite an increase in his warfarin dosage to 25 mg/d. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the decreased hypoprothrombinemic effect of warfarin was most likely due to rapid metabolism of the anticoagulant induced by nafcillin. Warfarin's half-life was 11 hours when the patient was on nafcillin therapy and 44 hours when he was off nafcillin therapy. This interaction may be clinically important in patients requiring concomitant administration of nafcillin and warfarin.
A new look at examination marking
Authors: M C Thuriaux
Journal: BMJ (1980)

link with their hospital to obtain experience which consultants will accept as qualifying them for appointments in the hospital practitioner grade.Greater use could be made of "clinical attachments," which can be funded under Section 63 money but which are not perhaps fully exploited at present.Greater acceptability could, however, be obtained if general practitioners could be taken on as trainee or probationer hospital practitioners.Consultants would be much more willing to utilise this type of assistance if during the first two years the sessions were to be regarded as for training as well as for patient care, and if complete security of tenure were granted only after satisfactory completion of the training period.
Passive sensitization of basophil leukocytes from a non‐atopic adult by plasma from allergic children
Authors: H. Nolte, G. Stafanger, P. S. Skov, P. O. Schiøtz
Journal: Allergy (1988)

Basophil leukocytes from a non‐atopic donor, who responded well to anti‐IgE, were depleted of their native membrane‐bound IgE by acid treatment and passively sensitized with plasma containing either Phleum pratense‐, Dermatophagoides pteronysstnus‐ or dog dander‐ specific IgE obtained from 18 allergic children. Histamine release was then performed on the passively sensitized cells and the results were compared with those of bronchial provocation test (BPT), allergen‐specific serum IgE (RAST), skin prick test (SPT), and conventional histamine release test (HR). A high coincidence rate was found between BPT, RAST and histamine release after passive sensitization (HR‐PS), but compared to HR, it was lower. This could be because several of the patients had non‐responding basophils (i.e. no release after challenge with anti‐IgE) in the conventional histamine release asssay. The lower rate was not related to a lack of antigen‐specific IgE, since after passive sensitization of basophils, anti‐IgE and allergen provocation could induce release. It is concluded that plasma from allergic children with non‐responding basophil leukocytes contain antigen‐specific IgE capable of binding to Fc‐receptors on the basophils of a non‐atopic donor. In addition it was found that the plasma could change the cell reactivity (maximal histamine release) of the donor cells, since the amount of histamine released varied according to the plasma used for passive sensitization. The lack of histamine release response in some patients could be because their own membrane‐bound IgE is unable to induce mediator release or, more likely, activation of one or more of the subcellular steps involved in the release is impaired.
The mental patient comes home
Authors: T. A. Loftus
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Despite the popular sounding title, this is a very serious book about a very serious problem. The authors believe that the major mental health problem of today is what to do about the post-hospital patient. Accordingly they completed a systematic follow-up study of 649 functional (ie, nonorganic) psychotic patients in the prime of life (20 to 69) over a period of one year after discharge. The patients were dischargees of nine Massachusetts State and three Veterans Administration (mental) hospitals. The risk of returning to the hospital during this period was great: 36% of male and 40% of female patients were readmitted, and there was no indication that rate of return would decrease after this period. The authors found that, contrary to their expectation, the place of role theory in explaining deviant posthospital behavior was disappointing. While a correlation between successful community tenure and levels of social and work performance was
Healthcare crisis in Gaza: the BMA responds
Authors: Vivienne Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The BMA shares the grave concern that has been expressed about the apparent collapse of the health system in Gaza.1 It recognises that the freeze on aid and other funds to the Palestinian territories is having a profoundly damaging effect on hospitals and health care in Gaza, where reports have indicated that child malnutrition is also at a worrying level. However, contrary to the assertion that it is ignoring this crisis, the BMA has been active in collecting information and liaising with medical human rights groups, such as the International Federation for Health and Human Rights (IFHHRO) to see how best help might be …
Nasolacrimal Drainage Obstruction After Radioiodine Therapy: Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Holger Brockmann, Kai Wilhelm, Alexius Joe, Holger Palmedo, Hans-Juergen Biersack
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The authors report a 54-year-old woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma (Lindsay type, pT2 N0 M1) with pulmonary metastases. After a total thyroidectomy, a series of 3 radioiodine therapies were performed with a cumulative dose of 700 mCi I-131. After termination of the therapy, the patient was initially without complaints, but approximately 6 months later, epiphora was noted, first only of the right eye and eventually of both eyes. A whole-body I-131 scan performed 1 year after final radioiodine therapy showed atypical tracer accumulation in both medial orbital regions. This finding was new compared with the scan that was done 1 year before. Dacryocystography revealed bilateral occlusion of the lacrimal drainage system. A review of the literature shows that epiphora and lacrimal duct alterations are rarely investigated and potentially underestimated side effects after high-dose radioiodine therapy.
A Note on Antisepticism and Cotton-Wool
Authors: S. Gamgee
Journal: BMJ (1877)

afforded to him by the batb.In ten minutes, he was joking with his friends, and enjoying himself thoroughly.The water in the bath was so conitinuously heated by the body of the patient, that it was with difficulty lowered to 70 deg.and to 6o deg.by constant baling out.With the recovery of the patient's consciousness, the use of the ther- mometer in the mouth became possible, and it was found that the upward movement of the temperature had been arrested.In this bath, cold affusions being poured continuously over the head and shoulders, the patient remained for forty-five minutes, when the thermometer had fallen slowly to I01.5 -leg.He was still very comfortable and had no chill.He was now removed to bed, placed in a warm dry blanket, and a bottle put to his feet.His aspect and manner had for some time been perfectly natural, and his pulse and respirations were scarcely ex- cessive.During the few hours which followed the bath, the temperature slowly fell to the normal.From this time forward, recovery was steady, and may have been aided by a few liberal doses of quinine, given with a view of preventing any renewal of the fever.It is but fair to add that the efforts of the medical men were admirably seconded by a nurse from the Bradford Institution, upon whom much necessarily devolved, and who carefully watched and recorded the temperatures throughout.
Progress in the understanding of cardiac early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes: time to revise current concepts
Authors: Paul G. A. Volders, Marc A. Vos, Bela Szabo, Karin R. Sipido, S. H. De Groot, Anton P. M. Gorgels, Hein J. J. Wellens, Ralph Lazzara
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Time for primary review 19 days. 

Afterdepolarizations are oscillations of the transmembrane potential that depend on the preceding action potential (AP) for their generation and can give rise to new APs when they reach a critical threshold for activation of a depolarizing current. This form of abnormal impulse generation is called ‘triggered activity’ [1].

Two types of afterdepolarizations have been distinguished: delayed (DADs) and early afterdepolarizations (EADs). DADs have been defined as “oscillations in membrane potential that occur after repolarization of an action potential” [2]. EADs are generated during the AP and have been defined as “oscillations at the plateau level of membrane potential or later during phase 3 of repolarization” [2]. Depending on the level of the membrane potential at which they are generated, EADs can trigger new APs that may appear as ectopic beats on the ECG. EADs can also augment electrical heterogeneity in regions of neighboring myocardium, which can lead to the formation of new APs via electrotonic interaction between areas that are still inexcitable and those that have already recovered from refractoriness [3]. Although the latter mechanism is reentrant rather than triggered activity, the occurrence of EADs is of pivotal importance for arrhythmogenesis under these circumstances. The clinical significance of EADs lies in their capacity to provide both the trigger (premature ectopic beats) and the substrate (electrical heterogeneity with nonuniform repolarization and refractoriness) for the initiation and perpetuation of torsades de pointes.

In this article, we discuss the evidence for a new concept of EAD formation, which includes an important role for cytoplasmic-[Ca2+]-dependent mechanisms, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 1. As a background, we will first review the recent literature on cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Then, we introduce the classical view on EAD formation with a discussion of the … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-43-3875093; fax: +31-43-3875104 p.volders{at}cardio.azm.nl
Infant Diets and Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Mark Atkinson, Edwin A. M. Gale
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patient-Reported Long-term Outcomes After Conventional and High-Dose Combined Proton and Photon Radiation for Early Prostate Cancer
Authors: James A. Talcott
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Increased radiation doses improve prostate cancer control but also increase toxicity to adjacent normal tissue. Proton radiation may attenuate adverse effects.To determine long-term, patient-reported, dose-related toxicity.We performed a post hoc cross-sectional survey of surviving participants in the Proton Radiation Oncology Group (PROG) 9509--a randomized trial comparing 70.2 Gy vs 79.2 Gy of combined photon and proton radiation for 393 men with clinically localized prostate cancer (stage T1b-T2b, prostate-specific antigen <15 ng/mL, and no radiographic evidence of metastasis). The estimated 10-year biochemical progression rate for patients receiving standard dose was 32% (95% confidence interval, 26%-39%) compared with 17% (95% confidence interval, 11%-23%) for patients receiving high dose (P < .001). We surveyed 280 of the surviving 337 patients (83%) from April 2007 to September 2008.Prostate Cancer Symptom Indices, a validated measure of urinary incontinence, urinary obstruction and irritation, bowel problems, and sexual dysfunction, and related quality-of-life instruments.At a median of 9.4 years after treatment (range, 7.4-12.1 years), participants' demographic and clinical characteristics were similar. Patient-reported outcomes were reported as mean (SD) scale score for standard dose vs high dose: urinary obstruction/irritation (23.3 [13.7] vs 24.6 [14.0]; P = .36), urinary incontinence (10.6 [17.7] vs 9.7 [15.8]; P = .99), bowel problems (7.7 [7.8] vs 7.9 [9.1]; P = .70), sexual dysfunction (68.2 [34.6] vs 65.9 [34.7]; P = .65), and most other outcomes were also similar, although patients receiving standard dose whose cancers had more often progressed expressed less confidence that their cancers were under control (mean [SD] scale score for standard dose, 76.0 [25.4] vs high dose, 86.2 [17.9]; P < .001). Many patients characterized their urinary and bowel function as normal despite reporting symptoms that, for other prostate cancer patients before and early after cancer treatment, caused substantial distress.Among men with clinically localized prostate cancer, treatment with higher-dose radiation compared with standard dose was not associated with an increase in patient-reported prostate cancer symptoms after a median of 9.4 years.
Subset of Suz12/PRC2 target genes is activated during hepatitis B virus replication and liver carcinogenesis associated with HBV X protein
Authors: Leo L. Studach, Stephan Menne, Stefano Cairo, Marie Annick Buendia, Ronald L. Hullinger, Lydie Lefrançois, Philippe Merle, Ourania M. Andrisani
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for developing liver cancer, and the HBV X protein (pX) has been implicated as a cofactor in hepatocyte transformation. We have shown that HBV replication as well as in vitro transformation by pX are associated with induction of the mitotic polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) and down-regulation of the chromatin remodeling components Suz12 and Znf198. Herein, we demonstrate the same inverse relationship between Plk1 and Suz12/Znf198 in liver tumors from X/c-myc bitransgenic mice and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV)-infected woodchucks. Employing these animal models and the HBV replicating HepAD38 cells we examined the effect of Suz12/Znf198 down-regulation on gene expression. Genes analyzed include hepatic cancer stem cell markers BAMBI, DKK1,2, DLK1, EpCAM, MYC, and proliferation genes CCNA1, CCND2, IGFII, MCM4-6, PLK1, RPA2, and TYMS. Suz12 occupancy at the promoters of BAMBI, CCND2, DKK2, DLK1, EpCAM, and IGFII was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation in untransformed hepatocytes, but was markedly reduced in pX-transformed and Suz12 knockdown cells. Accordingly, we refer to these genes as "Suz12 repressed" genes in untransformed hepatocytes. The Suz12 repressed genes and proliferation genes were induced in HBV-replicating HepAD38 cells and, interestingly, they exhibited distinct expression profiles during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in X/c-myc bitransgenics. Specifically, CCND2, EpCAM, and IGFII expression was elevated at the proliferative and preneoplastic stages in X/c-myc bitransgenic livers, whereas BAMBI and PLK1 were overexpressed in hepatic tumors from X/c-myc bitransgenics and WHV-infected woodchucks. Importantly, most of these genes were selectively up-regulated in HBV-induced HCCs.The distinct expression profile of the identified Suz12 repressed genes in combination with the proliferation genes hold promise as biomarkers for progression of chronic HBV infection to HCC.