tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 727: Homozygosity for Arg of p53 codon 72 correlates with poor prognosis in Puerto Rican patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bianca L. Rivera, Adriana Baez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Genetic variations at codon 72 of p53 gene results in altered activities for p53 and are suggested as a potential cancer risk. However, epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent. The p53 gene has a polymorphic site at exon 4 codon 72, which, in an occurrence of a base substitution, can produce Proline or Arginine (Arg72Pro). This polymorphism is differentially dispersed among different ethnic populations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between p53 polymorphism and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the Puerto Rican population. Methods: Genotyping of the p53 polymorphism at exon 4 codon 72 was performed using PCR-based restriction fragment polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in a study with 72 HNSCC patients. Correlations between clinicopathological parameters and p53 polymorphism were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and chi-square when suitable. Survival analysis of HNSCC patients, with each type of p53 genotype, was performed using Mantel-Cox test. Results: The frequencies for homozygote Arg allele were 34.7% in HNSCC cases and 31.1% in controls. The Pro allele carriers (Arg/Pro or Pro/Pro) had a frequency of 65.3% in HNSCC cases and 68.9% in healthy controls. The OR of HNSCC cancer-associated with the Arg-Arg genotypes of codon 72 was 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53-2.61]. Survival analysis showed that HNSCC patients with the Arg/Arg allele had a poorer survival rate compared to patients with the Pro allele (Hazard Ratio = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.27-4.56, P=0.0074). Also, there were differences in survival based on patient's genotype and response to treatment. However, no statistically significant association was found between p53 polymorphic variants and gender, age, risk factors and staging. Conclusion: Our results suggest that homozygosity for Arg of p53 Arg72Pro may have a role in the progression of HNSCC in the Puerto Rican population. Detection of the p53 polymorphic variants may be used as an indicator of prognosis in HNSCC patients. Accurate prognosis in HNSCC will help clinicians to establish proper treatment and increase the survival of HNSCC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 727. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-727
Abstract 2718: Fasting and cancer treatment: A case series
Authors: Fernando M. Safdie, Tanya Dorff, David Quinn, Luigi Fontana, Min Wei, Changhan Lee, Pinhas Cohen, Valter D. Longo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Short-term fasting (48 hours) was shown to be effective in protecting normal cells and mice but not cancer cells against high dose chemotherapy, termed Differential Stress Resistance (DSR), but the feasibility and effect of fasting in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is unknown. Here we describe 10 cases in which patients diagnosed with a variety of malignancies had voluntarily fasted prior to (48-140 hours) and/or following (5-56 hours) chemotherapy. None of these patients, who received an average of 4 cycles of various chemotherapy drugs in combination with fasting, reported significant side effects caused by the fasting itself other than hunger and lightheadedness. Chemotherapy associated toxicity was graded according to the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The six patients who underwent chemotherapy with or without fasting reported a reduction in fatigue, weakness, and gastrointestinal side effects while fasting. In those patients whose cancer progression could be assessed, fasting did not prevent the chemotherapy-induced reduction of tumor volume or tumor markers. Although the 10 cases presented here suggest that fasting in combination with chemotherapy is feasible, safe, and has the potential to ameliorate side effects caused by chemotherapies they are not meant to establish practice guidelines for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Only controlled-randomized clinical trials will determine the effect of fasting on clinical outcomes including quality of life and therapeutic index. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2718.
Alopecia From Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Frank E. Cormia
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Diffuse alopecia of the scalp developed in five patients during or following administration of oral contraceptive drugs. That occurring during administration resembles alopecia of the male-pattern type, while that developing after discontinuance is comparable to telogen effluvium. Alopecia from oral contraceptive may be associated with other types of diffuse scalp hair loss and it may be a frequent cause of hair loss in women.
Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Available Soon For Fourth, Fifth Doses of DTP Immunization
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE LONG-AWAITED acellular pertussis vaccines are about to become available for use in the fourth and fifth doses of the childhood diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) immunization schedule. Although there is no move at present to incorporate the acellular form of the vaccine into the first three doses of the routine childhood DTP immunization schedule, the coming licensure of these vaccines marks the first step toward their eventual availability for the entire DTP schedule. Studies are being done by manufacturers and the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, to test the safety and efficacy of these acellular agents when used in the first three doses. In the meantime, an advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, having heard evidence from two manufacturers— Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, NJ, and Connaught Laboratories, Swiftwater, Pa—that the acellular vaccines are at least as immunogenic as the whole-cell product and have fewer untoward reactions, recommended fourth
Biomarkers of Chlorpyrifos Exposure and Effect in Egyptian Cotton Field Workers
Authors: Fayssal M. Farahat, Corie A. Ellison, Matthew R. Bonner, Barbara P. McGarrigle, Alice L. Crane, Richard A. Fenske, Michael R. Lasarev, Diane S. Rohlman, W. Kent Anger, Pamela J. Lein, James R. Olson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphorus pesticide (OP), is metabolized to CPF-oxon, a potent cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor, and trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy). Urinary TCPy is often used as a biomarker for CPF exposure, whereas blood ChE activity is considered an indicator of CPF toxicity. However, whether these biomarkers are dose related has not been studied extensively in populations with repeated daily OP exposures.We sought to determine the relationship between blood ChE and urinary TCPy during repeated occupational exposures to CPF.Daily urine samples and weekly blood samples were collected from pesticide workers (n=38) in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt, before, during, and after 9-17 consecutive days of CPF application to cotton fields. We compared blood butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities with the respective urinary TCPy concentrations in each worker.Average TCPy levels during the middle of a 1- to 2-week CPF application period were significantly higher in pesticide applicators (6,437 µg/g creatinine) than in technicians (184 µg/g) and engineers (157 µg/g), both of whom are involved in supervising the application process. We observed a statistically significant inverse correlation between urinary TCPy and blood BuChE and AChE activities. The no-effect level (or inflection point) of the exposure-effect relationships has an average urinary TCPy level of 114 µg/g creatinine for BuChE and 3,161 µg/g creatinine for AChE.Our findings demonstrate a dose-effect relationship between urinary TCPy and both plasma BuChE and red blood cell AChE in humans exposed occupationally to CPF. These findings will contribute to future risk assessment efforts for CPF exposure.
Laparoscopy-Assisted Endoscopic Removal of a Stromal-Cell Tumor of the Stomach
Authors: D. M. Wolfsohn, T. J. Savides, D. W. Easter, K. D. Lyche
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Endoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors is being performed with increased frequency. Submucosal mass lesions pose a particular problem, because of the risk of malignancy and the risk of complications associated with endoscopic removal. Increased incidences of both perforation and bleeding have been reported. We report here on a case in which we used a combined approach that included gastrointestinal endoscopy, laparoscopy, and laparoscopic ultrasound to resect a gastric leiomyoma. We consider that this approach enhanced our diagnostic capabilities, provided intraoperative options for resection, and enhanced the safety of the procedure.
Tackling the Unknowns in HIV-Related Kidney Diseases
Authors: Lynda Anne Szczech
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The advancements that have been made in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over the past three decades are nothing short of astounding. In a search of medical history, one would be hard-pressed to find an area that has developed as rapidly as the treatment of HIV–AIDS. Unfortunately, our knowledge of kidney disease related to HIV infection has not advanced at nearly the same rate. A quick search of PubMed using the terms “HIV” and “randomized controlled trial” reveals more than 6000 citations; however, no randomized, controlled trials have focused on the treatment of HIV-related kidney disease, despite . . .
IMPACT OF REFERRING PHYSICIAN SPECIALTY ON DOWNSTREAM TESTING AFTER EXERCISE TREADMILL TESTING
Authors: Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Mitalee Patil, Edward Hulten, Hicham Skali, Raymond Kwong, Jon Hainer, Daniel Forman, Sharmila Dorbala, Marcelo Di Carli, Ron Blankstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Genitourinary tract infections in pregnancy and low birth weight: case-control study in Australian aboriginal women.
Authors: R Schultz, A W Read, J A Straton, F J Stanley, P Morich
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the association between genital and urinary tract infections in pregnant Aboriginal women and low birth weight. DESIGN--Retrospective case-control study controlling for potential confounding variables. SETTING--Western Australia from 1985 to 1987. SUBJECTS--All Aboriginal women (n = 269) who had given birth to singleton infants weighing 2250 g or less (cases), and 269 randomly selected Aboriginal women who had given birth to singleton infants weighing 3000 g or more (controls). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Proportions of women in case and control groups who had had genital and urinary tract infections; odds ratios for low birth weight when genitourinary tract infection was present; population attributable fraction of low birth weight to genitourinary tract infection. RESULTS--At the time of delivery 51% of women in the case group (109/215) had genitourinary tract infections compared with 13% of controls (35/266). After controlling for potential confounding variables the odds ratio for giving birth to infants weighing 2250 g or less when genitourinary tract infection was present was 4.0 (95% confidence interval 2.3 to 7.0). The proportion of infants with low birth weight attributable to genitourinary tract infection in the whole population of Aboriginal women was 32% (95% confidence interval 17% to 49%). CONCLUSIONS--There was a strong association between low birth weight and the presence of genitourinary tract infections in Aboriginal women both during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. A community intervention trial of screening and treatment of genitourinary infections in this population is recommended.
Superiority of the Lyon schuss view over the standing anteroposterior view for detecting joint space narrowing, especially in the lateral tibiofemoral compartment, in early knee osteoarthritis
Authors: F Merle-Vincent, E Vignon, K Brandt, M Piperno, F Coury-Lucas, T Conrozier, P Mathieu, M P Hellio Le Graverand
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the validity of using the conventional anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the knee in order to identify joint space narrowing (JSN) at an early stage of osteoarthritis (OA). <b>Methods:</b> Grading of JSN using a 0–5 score and quantitative measurement of joint space width (JSW) of the medial and lateral compartments of the tibiofemoral joint in AP and fluoroscopically assisted posteroanterior Lyon schuss (LS) radiographs of 202 patients with knee OA. <b>Results:</b> Knees without definite JSN (score &lt;2) were twice as common in AP than in LS radiographs (36.1% vs 18.8%). The number of knees showing definite medial JSN was identical in both views but four knees showing a medial OA in AP view were classified differently in the LS radiographs (three bicompartmental OA and one lateral OA). The frequency of lateral JSN was approximately twice as great in the LS view as in the AP view. JSN score was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001) and JSW was significantly smaller (p&lt;0.01) in the LS view than in the AP view. In knees with definite JSN, JSW of the compartment with no narrowing was significantly (p&lt;0.04) larger than in knees that did not exhibit definite JSN. Medial JSW and lateral JSW were inversely correlated (p&lt;0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The standing AP radiograph performed poorly in identifying both the location of JSN in patients with early tibiofemoral OA (especially, lateral OA) and the severity of JSN. The LS radiographs are preferable to standing AP views for the selection of patients for therapeutic trials of structure-modifying OA drugs.
REGENERATION OF AXIS CYLINDERS IN VITRO
Authors: Ragnvald Ingebrigtsen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

It has been shown for the first time that nerve fibers grow out from pieces of cerebellum of young cats and guinea pigs, when cultivated in coagulated plasma. The same phenomenon has been observed in cultures of spinal ganglia. The nerve fibers do not anastomose and they extend into the plasma unaccompanied by structures of any kind.
Report of a Case of Extensive Gunshot Wound.
Authors: F. H. Brobst
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Reading, Pa., Nov. 1, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On Aug. 2, 1894, I was summoned in great haste to see Mr. G. B., who met with a dangerous accident half an hour previous to my arrival at his residence, by a discharge of a full shell, containing No. 8 shot, from a breech-loading shotgun, into his left side. Upon examination, after anesthetization by the assistant physician, I found the whole contents of the shell, containing about two hundred and fifty shot, had entered three and three-fourth inches to the left of mid-sternum between the seventh and eighth ribs, fracturing the ninth, eighth and part of the seventh ribs to minute pieces, tearing and lacerating the pleura, peritoneum and diaphragm; lung and liver protruding, and impregnated with numerous shot. At first sight the case was thought and expected to be entirely hopeless. However, Iwas determined to do all that could be
Obesity Is an Important Determinant of Baseline Serum C-Reactive Protein Concentration in Monozygotic Twins, Independent of Genetic Influences
Authors: Jerry R. Greenfield, Katherine Samaras, Arthur B. Jenkins, Paul J. Kelly, Tim D. Spector, J. Ruth Gallimore, Mark B. Pepys, Lesley V. Campbell
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— C-reactive protein (CRP) values predict atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Associations between CRP and obesity, predominantly assessed anthropometrically, may partly explain these observations. Previous studies have been unable to control for genetic influences on CRP and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between CRP and accurately measured body fat, lipids, apolipoproteins, blood pressure, and environmental and behavioral factors, independent of genetic influences. Methods and Results— One hundred ninety-four healthy female twins (age 57.2±7 years) were studied after excluding pairs with CRP values &gt;10 mg/L. Total body fat and central abdominal fat (CAF) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. CRP concentration was strongly related to surrogate and direct measures of body fat ( r =0.31 to 0.54, P &lt;0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( r =0.20, P =0.003), and lipid and apolipoprotein levels ( r =0.21 to 0.51, P &lt;0.008). Light-to-moderate alcohol consumers and nonusers of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) had lower CRP levels than abstainers and HRT users, respectively. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, CAF, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, and HRT use explained 46% of the variance in circulating CRP. In analyses controlling for genetic influences in monozygotic twins, within-pair differences in CRP were associated with within-pair differences in total body fat ( r =0.39, P &lt;0.001), CAF ( r =0.34, P =0.002), diastolic blood pressure ( r =0.24, P =0.03), apolipoprotein AI ( r =−0.33, P =0.01), HDL cholesterol ( r =−0.42, P =0.001), and triglycerides ( r =0.35, P =0.007). Conclusions— CRP was strongly related to total and central abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and lipid levels, independent of genetic influences. These relationships are likely to contribute significantly to prospective associations between CRP and type 2 diabetes and coronary events.
Investor-Owned Hospitals and Health-Care Costs
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

One of the largest and most important parts of the "new medical-industrial complex"1 is the proprietary-hospital industry, which now owns nearly 1100 hospitals in the United States, or about 15 per cent of all the general acute-care facilities in the country, and manages about 300 more. It is an industry that is rapidly consolidating: About two thirds of all general acute-care proprietary hospitals are now controlled by the five largest investor-owned chains, which are still very actively expanding their holdings through the purchase, lease, or management of existing not-for-profit hospitals or the construction of additional new facilities.The putative advantages . . .
Evaluating Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Xenografts as Preclinical Models by Comparison with Patient Clinical Data
Authors: Manoel Nunes, Patricia Vrignaud, Sophie Vacher, Sophie Richon, Astrid Lièvre, Wulfran Cacheux, Louis-Bastien Weiswald, Gerald Massonnet, Sophie Chateau-Joubert, André Nicolas, Colette Dib, Weidong Zhang, James Watters, Donald Bergstrom, Sergio Roman-Roman, Ivan Bièche, Virginie Dangles-Marie
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Development of targeted therapeutics required translationally relevant preclinical models with well-characterized cancer genome alterations. Here, by studying 52 colorectal patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDX), we examined key molecular alterations of the IGF2-PI3K and ERBB-RAS pathways and response to cetuximab. PDX molecular data were compared with that published for patient colorectal tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas. We demonstrated a significant pattern of mutual exclusivity of genomic abnormalities in the IGF2-PI3K and ERBB-RAS pathways. The genomic anomaly frequencies observed in microsatellite stable PDX reproduce those detected in nonhypermutated patient tumors. We found frequent IGF2 upregulation (16%), which was mutually exclusive with IRS2, PIK3CA, PTEN, and INPP4B alterations, supporting IGF2 as a potential drug target. In addition to maintaining the genomic and histologic diversity, correct preclinical models need to reproduce drug response observed in patients. Responses of PDXs to cetuximab recapitulate also clinical data in patients, with partial or complete response in 15% (8 of 52) of PDXs and response strictly restricted to KRAS wild-type models. The response rate reaches 53% (8 of 15) when KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS mutations are concomitantly excluded, proving a functional cross-validation of predictive biomarkers obtained retrospectively in patients. Collectively, these results show that, because of their clinical relevance, colorectal PDXs are appropriate tools to identify both new targets, like IGF2, and predictive biomarkers of response/resistance to targeted therapies.
Ultrasonography in Wilson Disease
Authors: WOLFGANG VOGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1988Ultrasonography in Wilson DiseaseWOLFGANG VOGEL, M.D., HERMANN KATHREIN, M.D., OTTO DIETZE, M.D., GERT JUDMAIER, M.D.WOLFGANG VOGEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HERMANN KATHREIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, OTTO DIETZE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GERT JUDMAIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-5-769_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The hepatic manifestations of Wilson disease can mimic acute, self-limited hepatitis, rarely progressing to fulminant liver failure or chronic liver disease. The rate of progression from fatty changes to cirrhosis shown by histologic studies varies considerably and occurs by one of the two following processes. In some patients, the collapse of parenchyma, and portal and parenchymal fibrosis lead to inactive cirrhosis. In others, liver disease is indistinguishable from chronic active hepatitis (1). Whereas the latter form of hepatic manifestation of Wilson disease has a more ominous prognosis despite adequate treatment, fibrotic liver disease usually has a more...References1. STERNLIEBSCHEINBERG II. Chronic hepatitis as a first manifestation of Wilson's disease. Ann Intern Med. 1972;76:59-64. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STERNLIEB I. Wilson's disease: indications for liver transplantation. Hepatology 1984;4:155-75. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. STERNLIEBSCHEINBERG II. Wilson's Disease. In: WRIGHT, MILLWARD-SADLER, ALBERTI, and KARRAN, eds. Liver and Biliary Disease. London: Ballière-Tindall; 1985:949-61. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Innsbruck A-6020 Innsbruck Austria PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byUnique CT imaging findings of liver in Wilson’s diseaseWilson diseaseImaging findings of liver involvement of Wilson's diseaseLiver imaging findings of Wilson's diseaseCopper Metabolism and Wilson’s Disease 1 May 1988Volume 108, Issue 5Page: 769-770KeywordsAcute liver failureChronic hepatitisChronic liver diseaseCirrhosisFibrosisHepatitisLiver diseasesUltrasound imaging Issue Published: 1 May 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Book Review Adult and Pediatric Urology Second edition. Edited by Jay Y. Gillenwater, John T. Grayhack, Stuart S. Howards, and John W. Duckett. 2366 pp. in two volumes, illustrated. St. Louis, Mosby—Year Book, 1991. $225. ISBN 0–8151–3545–9 .
Authors: William R. Morgan, Bernard Lytton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)