tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of ATP sensitive potassium channel in extracellular potassium accumulation and cardiac arrhythmias during myocardial ischaemia
Authors: G. E Billman
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Extracellular potassium rises rapidly during myocardial ischaemia, correlating with the onset of ventricular arrhythmias. The extracellular accumulation of potassium can induce abnormalities in both impulse conduction and impulse generation. Inhomogeneities of potassium conductance will elicit regional differences in action potential duration and repolarisation. The resulting spatial dispersion of refractory period will allow for fragmentation of impulse conduction on ensuing beats, the formation of irregular reentrant pathways and ventricular fibrillation. In a similar manner, the spread of injury current from the ischaemic tissue to surrounding normal tissue can trigger extrasystoles (depolarisation induced automaticity). It has been hypothesised that the activation of the ATP sensitive potassium channel contributes significantly to reductions in action potential duration and increases in extracellular potassium accumulation during myocardial ischaemia. ATP sensitive potassium channel antagonists prevent ischaemically induced reductions in action potential duration and the dispersion of refractory period but may induce oscillatory afterpotentials under some conditions (for example, calcium overload). In contrast, potassium channel agonists enhance the dispersion of refractory period ischaemia, which promotes the formation of re-entrant arrhythmias. The pharmacological modulation of the ATP sensitive potassium channels could therefore offer a novel approach for the management of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic heart disease. In general, channel antagonists prevent ventricular fibrillation, while high (hypotensive) doses of channel agonists can induce malignant arrhythmias during ischaemia in animal models. However, recent evidence also suggests that potassium channel agonists may promote a better preservation of myocardial mechanical performance during reperfusion while ATP sensitive potassium channel antagonists exacerbate mechanical depression during ischaemia in experimental models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
REPORT OF A CASE OF ACUTE NEPHRITIS IN AN INFANT WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: H. M. McCLANAHAN
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Dn. Seauï HARRIS, Mobile, Ala.: There is one form of diarrhea that Dr. McLester referred to, which is of much more frequent occurrence than is generally supposed, and that is the diarrhea of pellagra.I am sorry to say that there are a large number of cases of pellagra that are not recognized, in which the important symptom, and oftentimes the only symptom, is diarrhea.The Italian death-rate from pellagra, as reported, is less than 4 per cent.,In the city of Chicago, in 1911, nine deaths from pellagra were reported.My experience leads me to believe that the death-rate from pellagra in this country is certainly no greater than it is in Italy, and, therefore, in Chicago, or in the surrounding country, from which, perhaps, the cases were referred to Chicago for treatment, there must have been two or three hundred cases of pellagra., most of which were not recognized because the only symptoms were diarrhea and other digestive disturbances.I am sure that in the South and in the South Central states there are a great many cases of diarrhea due to pellagra that are ascribed to oilier causes.
Diagnostic Yield of the Autopsy in a University Hospital and a Community Hospital
Authors: C. Seth Landefeld, Mary-Margaret Chren, Ann Myers, Richard Geller, Stanley Robbins, Lee Goldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Abstract To determine the extent to which autopsies yield unexpected findings that are relevant to the patient's death and whether cases with a high yield of such findings can be identified selectively, we studied a total of 233 autopsies at a university hospital and at a community hospital. The rates at which autopsies detected major unexpected findings whose premortem diagnosis would probably have improved survival were 11 percent at the university hospital and 12 percent at the community hospital. Major unexpected findings whose premortem diagnosis would not have prolonged survival were found in another 12 and 21 percent of cases, respectively. Pulmonary embolism and fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts were the most common major unexpected findings. Neither we nor the patients' physicians were able to identify from the clinical data the autopsies likely to have high yields. Furthermore, the physicians' estimates of an autopsy's expected yield were similar for patients evaluated by autopsy and for matched patients who were not. We conclude that the autopsy continues to yield clinically relevant findings at a high level and that it is not currently possible to predict which cases will have high yields. Autopsies are vital to ensure the quality of medical care, and autopsy rates must be increased substantially if this role is to be fully realized. (N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1249–54.)
1256 Combination therapy with IFN-α and 5-FU result in complete response in 14 cases out of 64 with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein invasion
Authors: S OBI, S SHIINA, T TERATANI, S SATO, Y KOIKE, M AKAMATU, T FUJISHIMA, R TATEISHI, M KANDA, T ISHIKAWA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
THE TORSION OF ARTERIES FOR THE ARREST OF HEMORRHAGE.Read in the Section on Railway Surgery, at the First Pan-American Medical Congress, Washington, D. C., Sept. 6, 1898.
Authors: J. B. MURDOCH
Journal: JAMA (1893)

To the members of the National Association of Railway Surgeons who were present at the meeting held at St. Louis in May, 1889, this paper will contain little that is new. The interest taken in the subject at that time was so great, and the discussion which it elicited so animated, that I am encouraged to bring it before this larger audience of the Pan-American Congress. The subject is, in my opinion, so important that every surgeon should be familiar with it. Since the reading of the paper referred to, I have continued to practice and to teach this method of controlling the hemorrhage from wounded arteries and veins, and increased experience only confirms me in the value of this method as a hemostatic. What I shall now say is a reiteration of what I have already said, with the addition of a later and larger experience. There is no
Myosin Light Chain–Actin Interaction Regulates Cardiac Contractility
Authors: Ingo Morano, Oliver Ritter, Andreas Bonz, Tomasz Timek, Christian F. Vahl, Gerd Michel
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The amino-terminal domain of the essential myosin light chain (MLC-1) binds to the carboxy terminus of the actin molecule. We studied the functional role of this interaction by two approaches: first, incubation of intact and chemically skinned human heart fibers with synthetic peptide corresponding to the sequences 5 through 14 (P5-14), 5 through 8 (P5-8), and 5 through 10 (P5-10) of the human ventricular MLC-1 (VLC-1) to saturate actin-binding sites, and second, incubation of skinned human heart fibers with a monoclonal antibody (MabVLC-1) raised against the actin-interacting N-terminal domain of human VLC-1 using P5-14 as antigen to deteriorate VLC-1 binding to actin. P5-14 increased isometric tension generation of skinned human heart fibers at both submaximal and maximal Ca 2+ activation, the maximal effective peptide dosage being in the nanomolar range. A scrambled peptide of P5-14 with random sequence had no effects up to 10 −8 mol/L, ie, where P5-14 was maximally effective. P5-8 and P5-10 increased isometric force to the same extent as P5-14, but micromolar concentrations were required. Amplitude of isometric twitch contraction, rate of tension development, rate of relaxation, and shortening velocity at near-zero load of electrically driven intact human atrial fibers increased significantly on incubation with P5-14. These alterations were not associated with modulation of intracellular Ca 2+ transients as monitored by fura 2 fluorescence measurements. Incubation of skinned human heart fibers with MabVLC-1 increased isometric tension at both submaximal and maximal Ca 2+ activation levels, having a maximal effective concentration in the femtomolar range. We conclude that VLC-1–actin interaction modulates cardiac contractility and may be a target for new inotropic intervention.
Effect of Fluorides on Hematopoietic System, Liver, and Thyroid Gland in Cattle
Authors: Barth Hoogstratten
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Thirty-two holstein-friesian heifers, divided into groups and fed 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm sodium fluoride for approximately 71/2 years, were studied to determine the effect of fluoride on the hematopoietic system, liver, and thyroid gland. The composite and individual results of numerous detailed blood studies, identical to those used in evaluating the hematopoietic system in man, established that fluoride, fed daily in concentrations up to 100 ppm for more than seven years, (1) does not show gross, histological, or functional effects on the thyroid gland or liver; (2) does not produce significant changes in the serum calcium, phosphorus, or numerous other blood chemistries studied; (3) had a minimal blood effect in the form of a slightly higher total eosinophil count and a lower level of serum folic acid activity in the 100 ppm group; (4) does not produce anemia or detectable abnormalities of the bone marrow or otherwise affect the hematopoietic system.
Beneficial Effects of Leukocyte Depletion of Transfused Blood on Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Leo M.G. van de Watering, Jo Hermans, Jos G.A. Houbiers, Pieter J. van den Broek, Hens Bouter, Fred Boer, Mark S. Harvey, Hans A. Huysmans, Anneke Brand
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background— Leukocytes in transfused blood are associated with several posttransfusion immunomodulatory effects. Although leukocytes play an important role in reperfusion injury, the contribution of leukocytes in transfused blood products has not been investigated. To estimate the role and the timing of leukocyte filtration of red cells in cardiac surgery, we performed a randomized study. Methods and Results— Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery were randomly allocated to receive either packed cells without buffy coat (PC, n=306), fresh-filtered units (FF, n=305), or stored-filtered units (SF, n=303) when transfusion was indicated. We evaluated the periods of hospitalization and stay at the intensive care unit, and the occurrences of postoperative complications up to 60 days after surgery. The average hospital stay was 10.7 days, of which 3.2 days were in the intensive care unit, without significant differences between the groups. In the PC trial arm, 23.0% of the patients had infections versus 16.9% and 17.9% of the patients in the leukocyte-depleted trial arms ( P =.13). Within 60 days, 45 patients had died, 24 patients in the PC trial arm (7.8%), versus 11 (3.6%) and 10 (3.3%) patients in the FF and SF trial arms, respectively ( P =.015). Conclusions— In cardiac surgery patients, especially when more than three blood transfusions are required, leukocyte depletion by filtration results in a significant reduction of the postoperative mortality that can only partially be explained by the higher incidence of postoperative infections in the PC group.
Skin reactions to primary irritants and predisposition to eczema
Authors: ALF BJORNBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Fifty individuals with healed hand eczema were tested with nine primary irritants. The results were compared with those of carefully matched controls. An increased skin reactivity to primary irritants was not demonstrated in the ‘eczematous subjects’. The value of testing with irritants in pre‐employment evaluation could not be confirmed.
Ringing the dinner bell for insulin: Muscarinic M3 receptor activity in the control of pancreatic β cell function
Authors: Jesper Gromada, Thomas E. Hughes
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)

In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Gautam et al. (2006) show that pancreatic β cell M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors control insulin secretion. Their results highlight the role of the M3 receptor subtype in integrating nervous stimuli with metabolic control of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
Hypoplastic presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hannah Tharmalingam, Kikkeri Naresh, Barbara J. Bain, Jiří Pavlů
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

A 37-year-old man presented with fever, lethargy and headache followed in two days by abdominal pain and high fever (40°C). Swine flu was initially suspected but a blood count showed a white cell count (WBC) of 0.3 × 109/l, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) 4.5 g/dl, platelet count 18 × 109/l and neutrophil count 0.1 × 109/l. A blood film showed toxic changes in neutrophils; there were atypical lymphocytes, which appeared reactive. Liver function was impaired. The patient required an urgent right hemicolectomy for perforation of the colon as a result of neutropenic enterocolitis. A bone marrow aspirate was hypocellular with no abnormal cells being seen and normal cytogenetic analysis. Peripheral blood immunophenotyping showed no abnormal population. A trephine biopsy (left) was hypocellular with an increase of small T and B lymphocytes. There was no increase in CD34-positive cells but cells expressing terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) were increased. The findings were interpreted as toxic damage to the bone marrow with the increased TdT-positive cells possibly representing hematogones and presaging recovery. The patient suffered a further episode of sepsis but then made an uneventful recovery with blood counts showing spontaneous recovery (right). However four months after the initial presentation he developed fatigue. The Hb was found to have fallen to 9.5 g/dl, the platelet count to 31 × 109/l and the neutrophil count to 0.2 × 109/l. A blood film now showed numerous lymphoblasts and these had largely effaced the bone marrow. The immunophenotype was that of common ALL (CD10, CD19, cytoplasmic CD22 and CD79a positive, cytoplasmic μ chain negative). The patient entered complete remission with combination chemotherapy (UKALL XII regime) and successfully completed allogeneic stem cell transplantation. An aplastic presentation of ALL occurs in about 2% of childhood ALL and is also sometimes seen in adults. As in our patient, neutropenia is often more severe than thrombocytopenia. Leukemia has followed after an interval varying from 5 weeks to 9 months but the interval is usually less than 6 months. Sometimes a lymphoid infiltrate is present during the aplastic phase and increased reticulin and fibroblasts may provide evidence of stromal damage. In at least five reported patients retrospective molecular analysis has shown the presence of the leukemic clone during the aplastic phase. The pathogenesis of this rare presentation of ALL remains unknown although in a single patient leukemic lymphoblasts were shown to inhibit hematopoiesis.
Psychiatry for Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Albert Liebman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 June 1998Psychiatry for Primary Care PhysiciansAlbert Liebman, MDAlbert Liebman, MDMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WisconsinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Psychiatry for Primary Care Physicians; Goldman LS, Wise TN, Brody DS, eds. 389 pages. Chicago: American Med Assoc; 1998. $49.95. ISBN 0899708927. Order phone 312-464-5602.Field of medicine: Primary care.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Primary care physicians.Purpose: To improve the ability of primary care physicians to diagnose and manage psychiatric problems in an office setting and to supply these practitioners with psychiatric information from specialty and subspecialty journals.Content: The book is organized into three sections. The first 2 chapters cover psychiatric assessment and diagnosis, and the next 12 address specific mental disorders according to DSM-IV diagnostic categories. The ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1051KeywordsDecision makingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fourth editionPopulation statisticsPrimary care physiciansSub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
An Address on the Germ Theory of Disease
Authors: J. Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1883)

THE BITJ XMWDkf44 JO URiVAL.prevent the public interest clashing in any way with private pro- fessional work.There is only one other point to which I beg leave to refer, and that is, the abolition of the system of apprenticeship in the medical profession.This question was well discussed, you Will remember.
RECOMBINANT HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-11 TREATMENT IMPROVES REPERFUSION AND AUGMENTS COLLATERAL VESSEL GROWTH IN MOUSE MODEL OF SEVERE HINDLIMB ISCHEMIA
Authors: Julius Aitsebaomo, Siddharth Srivastava, Hua Zhang, James E. Faber, Cam Patterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Hyper-IL-15 suppresses metastatic and autochthonous liver cancer by promoting tumour-specific CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Liang Cheng, Xuexiang Du, Zheng Wang, Jianqi Ju, Mingming Jia, Qibin Huang, Qiao Xing, Meng Xu, Yi Tan, Mingyue Liu, Peishuang Du, Lishan Su, Shengdian Wang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Postgraduate Training or Slave Labour?
Authors: S. R. Coverley
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The arrangements under which continuing education for general practice is provided and attendance by general practitioners is rewarded have now been in operation for three years. More recently, reaccreditation has emerged as a significant issue for the profession. For these reasons it appears timely to review the whole basis of ongoing learning by established general practitioners. In this the first of two papers, learning by established professionals is considered in relation to the educational development of the learner, the role of experience and the goals of competence and performance. It is concluded that self-directed learning based on experience should form the centre-piece of continuing education for general practice and that educational provision should adopt a complementary role in sustaining motivation to learn and by enabling learning from experience to be shared and enriched. A model of self-directed learning, connecting experience and competence through systematic application of three learning media, reading, reflection and audit, is proposed and related to appropriate educational participation by established general practitioners.
Identification of Rare High-Avidity, Tumor-Reactive CD8+ T Cells by Monomeric TCR–Ligand Off-Rates Measurements on Living Cells
Authors: Michael Hebeisen, Julien Schmidt, Philippe Guillaume, Petra Baumgaertner, Daniel E. Speiser, Immanuel Luescher, Nathalie Rufer
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract The avidity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigenic peptides presented by the peptide–MHC (pMHC) on cells is a key parameter for cell-mediated immunity. Yet a fundamental feature of most tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells is that this avidity is low. In this study, we addressed the need to identify and select tumor-specific CD8+ T cells of highest avidity, which are of the greatest interest for adoptive cell therapy in patients with cancer. To identify these rare cells, we developed a peptide–MHC multimer technology, which uses reversible Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid histidine tags (NTAmers). NTAmers are highly stable but upon imidazole addition, they decay rapidly to pMHC monomers, allowing flow-cytometric–based measurements of monomeric TCR–pMHC dissociation rates of living CD8+ T cells on a wide avidity spectrum. We documented strong correlations between NTAmer kinetic results and those obtained by surface plasmon resonance. Using NTAmers that were deficient for CD8 binding to pMHC, we found that CD8 itself stabilized the TCR–pMHC complex, prolonging the dissociation half-life several fold. Notably, our NTAmer technology accurately predicted the function of large panels of tumor-specific T cells that were isolated prospectively from patients with cancer. Overall, our results demonstrated that NTAmers are effective tools to isolate rare high-avidity cytotoxic T cells from patients for use in adoptive therapies for cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 75(10); 1983–91. ©2015 AACR.
TCT-795 Pre-clinical analysis of safety and efficacy of a new sirolimus eluting stent compared with bare metal, everolimus and sirolimus eluting controls
Authors: Armando Pérez de Prado, Claudia Pérez-Martínez, Carlos Cuellas, Marta Regueiro, María López-Benito, Beatriz Martínez-Fernández, Luis Duocastella, María Molina, Isabel Pérez-Serranos, Marc Amoros, Rodrigo Estevez, Alejandro Diego, José Manuel Gonzalo-Orden, Felipe Fernández-Vázquez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Live Births in Women over 40 Years of Age
Authors: Richard E. Peterson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A question was asked as to what the maximum age at which a primipara has conceived and given birth to a live child inThe Journal(<b>174</b>:2093 [Dec. 17] 1960). The consultant replied from his own extensive personal experience and from published medical literature. Certainly, the inquirer's focus of interest is on data of recent years, but the report that Sarah gave birth to her first born, Isaac, when she was over 90 years old (Genesis 17:17) naturally comes to mind. However, my intent is to point out the surprising amount of data available from vital statistics on some of these uncommon events. These points are made from the vital statistics for New York City and the entire United States for the decade 1949 through 1958 and are based on the data analysis of over 39 million live births. The birth rate, in terms of live