tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipid droplets: FSP27 knockout enhances their sizzle
Authors: Vishwajeet Puri, Michael P. Czech
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Fat-specific protein of 27 kDa (FSP27) is a highly expressed adipocyte protein that promotes triglyceride accumulation within lipid droplets. In this issue of the JCI, Nishino et al. show that FSP27 also helps to maintain the characteristically large unilocular lipid droplet structure within each white adipocyte (see the related article beginning on page 2808). Fragmentation of lipid droplets in white adipocytes from FSP27-KO mice caused both increased lipolysis and upregulation of genes enhancing mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. This increased energy expenditure in turn protected the mice from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. These new results highlight powerful mechanisms that tightly coordinate rates of triglyceride storage in lipid droplets with mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in white adipocytes.
The WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes: 2. Macrovascular Disease Prevalence
Authors: H Keen, R J Jarrett
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

14 national groups have collaborated under WHO auspices to select, from local defined populations of individuals with clinical diabetes, groups of approximately 500 within the age range 35–55 yr stratified by age, sex, and known duration of diabetes. In each center, the selected patients were submitted to a standardized study protocol, which included systematic inquiry (WHO questionnaire) for the presence of symptoms of angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, presence of intermittent claudication, and cigarette smoking history. Examination included standard biometry, blood pressure measurement, 12-lead (centrally Minnesota coded) electrocardiography, and central laboratory measurement of serum cholesterol and creatine. Ophthalmoscopic and urinary examinations were also included. The prevalence of arterial disease symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities show very large variation between countries, the lowest rates generally being found in the Oriental samples and the highest in the European. “Risk factors” for arterial disease (blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking) also vary widely between diabetic groups. Although data are not yet complete, these differences appear unlikely to explain the variation in the atherosclerotic morbidity observed. Diabetic women were at least as vulnerable to arterial disease as diabetic men. A high prevalence of nonspecific abnormalities of the repolarization phase of the ECG was found, even in groups where ischemic abnormalities were rare. The origin of these is uncertain; they may represent variable local changes or possibly diabetic cardiomyopathy. This preliminary report confirms and quantifies previous indications that the impact of atherosclerotic disease on persons with diabetes varies considerably between national groups, in broad terms, running parallel with the variations in prevalence in the populations in general and suggesting that cultural and/or ethnic factors are more important determinants of atherosclerosis in diabetic individuals than is the diabetic state per se.
Stimulation of toll-like receptor 4 expression in human mononuclear phagocytes by interferon-γ: a molecular basis for priming and synergism with bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Daniela Bosisio, Nadia Polentarutti, Marina Sironi, Sergio Bernasconi, Kensuke Miyake, Ginette R. Webb, Michael U. Martin, Alberto Mantovani, Marta Muzio
Journal: Blood (2002)
Abstract LB-323: Deficiency of Kruppel-like factor KLF4 in mammary tumor cells resulted in inhibited tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis accompanied by compromised recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
Authors: Fang Yu, Daping Fan, Walden Ai
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Increasing evidence indicates that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) negatively regulate immune responses during tumor progression, inflammation and infection. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their development and mobilization remain to be fully delineated. Kruppel-like factor KLF4 is a transcription factor that has an oncogenic function in breast cancer development, but its function in tumor microenvironment, a critical component for tumorigenesis, has not been examined. By using a spontaneously metastatic 4T1 breast cancer mouse model and an immunodeficient NOD/SCID mouse model, we demonstrated that KLF4 knockdown delayed tumor development and inhibited pulmonary metastasis, which was accompanied by decreased accumulation of MDSCs in bone marrow, spleens and primary tumors. Mechanistically, we found that KLF4 knockdown resulted in a significant decrease of circulating GM-CSF, an important cytokine for MDSC biology. Consistently, recombinant GM-CSF restored the frequency of MDSCs in purified bone marrow cells incubated with conditioned medium from KLF4 deficient cells. In addition, we identified CXCL5 as a critical mediator to enhance the expression and function of GM-CSF. Reduced CXCL5 expression by KLF4 knockdown in primary tumors and breast cancer cells was correlated with a decreased GM-CSF expression in our mouse models. Finally, we found that CXCL5/CXCR2 axis facilitated MDSC migration and that anti-GM-CSF antibodies neutralized CXCL5-induced accumulation of MDSCs. Taken together, our data suggest that KLF4 modulates maintenance of MDSCs in bone marrow by inducing GM-CSF production via CXCL5 and regulates recruitment of MDSCs into the primary tumors through the CXCL5/CXCR2 axis, both of which contribute to KLF4-mediated mammary tumor development. Citation Format: Fang Yu, Daping Fan, Walden Ai. Deficiency of Kruppel-like factor KLF4 in mammary tumor cells resulted in inhibited tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis accompanied by compromised recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-323. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-323
Short-term Risk of Death After Treatment With Nesiritide for Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Jonathan D. Sackner-Bernstein, Marcin Kowalski, Marshal Fox, Keith Aaronson
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Nesiritide improves symptoms in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure compared with placebo and appears to be safer than dobutamine. Its short-term safety relative to standard diuretic and vasodilator therapies is less clear.To investigate the safety of nesiritide relative to noninotrope-based control therapies, primarily consisting of diuretics or vasodilators.Primary reports of completed clinical trials as of December 2004 were obtained from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the study sponsor (Scios Inc), a PubMed literature search using the terms nesiritide, clinical trials, and humans, and a manual search of annual meetings of 3 heart associations.Of 12 randomized controlled trials evaluating nesiritide, 3 met all inclusion criteria: randomized double-blind study of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure, therapy administered as single infusion (> or =6 hours), inotrope not mandated as control, and reported 30-day mortality.Data were extracted from FDA and sponsor documents and corroborated with published articles when available. Thirty-day survival was assessed by meta-analysis using a fixed-effects model and time-dependent risk by Kaplan-Meier analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Where deaths were described within a range of days after treatment, an extreme assumption was made favoring nesiritide over control therapy, an approach relevant to the time-dependent analyses.In the 3 trials, 485 patients were randomized to nesiritide and 377 to control therapy. Death within 30 days tended to occur more often among patients randomized to nesiritide therapy (35 [7.2%] of 485 vs 15 [4.0%] of 377 patients; risk ratio from meta-analysis, 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-3.12; P = .059; and hazard ratio after adjusting for study, 1.80; 95% CI, 0.98-3.31; P = .057).Compared with noninotrope-based control therapy, nesiritide may be associated with an increased risk of death after treatment for acutely decompensated heart failure. The possibility of an increased risk of death should be investigated in a large-scale, adequately powered, controlled trial before routine use of nesiritide for acutely decompensated heart failure.
Planning for death but not serious future illness: qualitative study of housebound elderly patients
Authors: J. A Carrese
Journal: BMJ (2002)

To understand how elderly patients think about and approach future illness and the end of life.Qualitative study conducted 1997-9.Physician housecall programme affiliated to US university.20 chronically ill housebound patients aged over 75 years who could participate in an interview. Participants identified through purposive and random sampling.In-depth semistructured interviews lasting one to two hours.Sixteen people said that they did not think about the future or did not in general plan for the future. Nineteen were particularly reluctant to think about, discuss, or plan for serious future illness. Instead they described a "one day at a time," "what is to be will be" approach to life, preferring to "cross that bridge" when they got to it. Participants considered end of life matters to be in the hands of God, though 13 participants had made wills and 19 had funeral plans. Although some had completed advance directives, these were not well understood and were intended for use only when death was near and certain.The elderly people interviewed for this study were resistant to planning in advance for the hypothetical future, particularly for serious illness when death is possible but not certain.
Tumour-induced autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.
Authors: P A Gordon, P H Baylis, G W Bird
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A case of chainsaw injury to the neck is described. Previous reports in the English language are exceedingly rare. A brief discussion of safety features on chain saws is followed by a review of selective vs. mandatory surgical exploration in penetrating neck trauma, including the role of ancillary diagnostic tests.
Suppressive effects of sugar-modified cationic liposome/NF-κB decoy complexes on adenovirus vector-induced innate immune responses
Authors: Haiying Huang, Fuminori Sakurai, Yuriko Higuchi, Shigeru Kawakami, Mitsuru Hashida, Kenji Kawabata, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Export of intracellular HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is related to viral replication
Authors: Johnson Y. N. Lau, Vincent G. Bain, Susan E. Davies, Graeme J. M. Alexander, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Serum and liver HBsAg bear an inverse relation to each other during the evolution of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and the quantity of HBsAg in tissue rises gradually with time. In this study, intracellular and extracellular levels of HBsAg were measured by radioimmunoassay in primary culture of hepatocytes from 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection to determine a possible relationship with hepatitis B virus replication. Serum levels of HBsAg correlated with markers of active viral replication (serum hepatitis B virus DNA, p less than 0.005, and tissue HBcAg, p less than 0.02) but inversely with tissue HBsAg (p less than 0.05). In similar fashion, in vitro export of HBsAg was also related to the presence of active viral replication markers (serum hepatitis B virus DNA, p less than 0.02, and tissue HBcAg, p less than 0.05) and negatively with tissue HBsAg (p less than 0.001). Export of HBeAg also correlated positively with markers of active viral replication (serum hepatitis B virus DNA, p less than 0.05 and tissue HBcAg, p less than 0.05). Further experiments indicated that intrahepatic pre-S1 and pre-S2 correlated closely with intrahepatic HBsAg, indicating that a failure to export HBsAg was unlikely to be attributable to deficient intracellular expression of pre-S1 or pre-S2. These data indicate that in vitro primary hepatocyte culture of hepatitis B virus-infected cells provides an accurate reflection of in vivo export of HBsAg and that this is closely related to the presence of active viral replication.
Editorial exaggerates the risk
Authors: A. R. White, M. Cummings
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Acupuncture is increasingly popular, and Woo and colleagues correctly emphasise the need to increase awareness of its side effects and for training and regulation.1

But the risk of infection is overstated because the editorial is based largely on anecdotal evidence: a 33 year old review, four case reports, a retrospective case series, and one epidemiological study from South Korea. It …
Would Cloned Humans Really Be Like Sheep?
Authors: L Eisenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The recent proof, by DNA-microsatellite analysis1 and DNA-fingerprinting techniques,2 that Dolly the sheep had indeed been cloned as Wilmut et al. claimed,3 and the report by Wakayama et al.4 of the successful cloning of more than 20 healthy female mice are likely to reactivate discussions of the ethics of cloning humans and to provoke more calls to ban experiments on mammalian cloning altogether. From the standpoint of biologic science, a ban on such laboratory experiments would be a severe setback to research in embryology.5 From the standpoint of moral philosophy, the ethical debate has been so obscured by incorrect assumptions . . .
USE AND REASONS FOR THE USE OF THIOCRESOL TO STIMULATE WOUND HEALING
Authors: STANLEY P. REIMANN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Along with other differences, obviously, there is a chemical difference between the nucleus of a cell in mitosis and the nucleus of a cell in the resting condition. The work of the Research Institute of the Lankenau Hospital has been devoted to detecting what this chemical difference is. Working up from plants, through paramecia, rats, mice and finally man, Hammett<sup>1</sup>has established that, whatever other chemical differences there are, the most important, in fact the essential, chemical difference is a rearrangement of the sulphur in the molecules, so that this element appears in the chemical group sulphydryl; i. e., SH-. If this is so, a number of important conclusions immediately follow. For instance, Hammett has examined certain literature to see whether or not clinical observations, experimental facts and current theories of growth by increase in cell number correspond to this chemical finding. He found that they did.<sup>2</sup>He
Applied Vascular Biology: Can Angiogenesis Inhibitors Help Control Malignant Growth?
Authors: David A. Cramer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 November 1998Applied Vascular Biology: Can Angiogenesis Inhibitors Help Control Malignant Growth?David A. Cramer, MDDavid A. Cramer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail A primordial event in the young fetus is vasculogenesis: the transformation of progenitor cells into interconnecting tubes of endothelial cells that act as conduits for the circulating blood, enabling it to perfuse all body tissues. Starting nearly at the same time, new capillaries sprout from existing vessels in what is aptly called angiogenesis, which literally means the “birth of vessels.” These new vessels eventually are pruned and remodeled, developing into the adult circulatory system. Endothelial cells are ordinarily quiescent-their turnover time is measured in years-unless activated by a situation that increases the body's need for blood, such as the menstrual ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByControlling the movement of moleculesBiomaterials and biotechnology: From the discovery of the first angiogenesis inhibitors to the development of controlled drug delivery systems and the foundation of tissue engineeringBlockade of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor I (VEGF-RI), but not VEGF-RII, Suppresses Joint Destruction in the K/BxN Model of Rheumatoid ArthritisAngiogenèse : mécanismes généraux et implications au cours de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde 15 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 10Page: 841-843KeywordsAngiogenesisBloodBlood vesselsCancer treatmentCapillariesCellsEndothelial cellsGrowth factorsNeovascularizationProteins Issue Published: 15 November 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
REGULATION OF ANTIBODY FORMATION BY SERUM ANTIBODY
Authors: Martin W. Graf, Jonathan W. Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Rabbits were injected intravenously with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bacteriophage T2 (T2). 2–3 wk later, anti-BSA was removed from such animals by a procedure which involved exposure of removed plasma to an immunoadsorbent (125I-BSA bound to bromoacetyl cellulose) and return of the adsorbed plasma to the animal. This resulted in removal of the majority of antibody activity to BSA without affecting antibody levels to T2. 1–2 days later, anti-BSA levels began to rise, and reached peak levels usually 5 days after the removal of antibody. Antibody levels to T2 did not change. No evidence was obtained that BSA was released from the immunoadsorbent into the circulation of the rabbits. Thus, only trace amounts of radioactivity were released into the plasma; most of the radioactivity was equally coprecipitable with BSA or human gamma globulin and their specific antibodies; the released material was not demonstrated to be immunogenic in primed rabbits; and the released material did not elute with BSA on gel filtration. The results are interpreted as evidence that serum antibody acts as a regulatory mechanism for antibody formation during the conventional antibody response to a metabolizable antigen.
Rhinovirus (RV)-induced interferon gamma (IFNγ) secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is not dependent on IL-12
Authors: G.D. Brooks, R.A. Brockman-Schneider, A.G. Mosser, W.W. Busse, J.E. Gern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Factors Associated With General Surgery Residents’ Desire to Leave Residency Programs
Authors: Edward Gifford, Joseph Galante, Amy H. Kaji, Virginia Nguyen, M. Timothy Nelson, Richard A. Sidwell, Thomas Hartranft, Benjamin Jarman, Marc Melcher, Mark Reeves, Christopher Reid, Garth R. Jacobsen, Jonathan Thompson, Chandrakanth Are, Brian Smith, Tracey Arnell, Oscar J. Hines, Christian de Virgilio
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

General surgical residency continues to experience attrition. To date, work hour amendments have not changed the annual rate of attrition.To determine how often categorical general surgery residents seriously consider leaving residency.At 13 residency programs, an anonymous survey of 371 categorical general surgery residents and 10-year attrition rates for each program. Responses from those who seriously considered leaving surgical residency were compared with those who did not.Factors associated with the desire to leave residency.The survey response rate was 77.6%. Overall, 58.0% seriously considered leaving training. The most frequent reasons for wanting to leave were sleep deprivation on a specific rotation (50.0%), an undesirable future lifestyle (47.0%), and excessive work hours on a specific rotation (41.4%). Factors most often cited that kept residents from leaving were support from family or significant others (65.0%), support from other residents (63.5%), and perception of being better rested (58.9%). On univariate analysis, older age, female sex, postgraduate year, training in a university program, the presence of a faculty mentor, and lack of Alpha Omega Alpha status were associated with serious thoughts of leaving surgical residency. On multivariate analysis, only female sex was significantly associated with serious thoughts of leaving residency (odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; P = .003). Eighty-six respondents were from historically high-attrition programs, and 202 respondents were from historically low-attrition programs (27.8% vs 8.4% 10-year attrition rate, P = .04). Residents from high-attrition programs were more likely to seriously consider leaving residency (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0; P = .03).A majority of categorical general surgery residents seriously consider leaving residency. Female residents are more likely to consider leaving. Thoughts of leaving seem to be associated with work conditions on specific rotations rather than with overall work hours and are more prevalent among programs with historically high attrition rates.
Abstract 112: Concurrent analysis between copy number variation and gene expression of non-smoking lung cancer females in Taiwan
Authors: Jung-Chih Chang, Tzu-Pin Lu, Pei-Chun Chen, Jang-Ming Lee, Chung-Ping Hsu, Mong-Hsun Tsai, Eric Y. Chuang, Liang-Chuan Lai, Chuhsing K. Hsiao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although smoking has been proved to be an important factor for lung cancer, the etiology and molecular mechanisms of non-smoking female lung cancer remain unclear. We collected paired normal and tumor lung tissues from 44 female non-smoking lung cancer patients. Copy number variation and Gene expression profiles were analyzed by Affymetrix U133plus 2.0 expression arrays and Affymetrix SNP 6.0 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. The data from two platforms were integrated for concurrent analyses in order to elucidate the putative molecular mechanisms. We first identified the probes located at the same region of gene expression and copy number variation (CNV). Next, we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the association between log intensity values of mRNA expression and the corresponding averaged intensity values of SNP probes in both tumor and normal tissues. Genes were then selected based on the following two criteria: (1) the difference in expression-SNP correlations between normal and tumor tissues &amp;gt; 0.7, and (2) the absolute expression-SNP correlation of either normal or tumor &amp;gt;0.3. The selected genes were further analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to explore the related pathways and networks. Results of IPA showed that mitochondrial dysfunction, IGF-1 signaling, and cell cycle: G1/S checkpoint regulation pathways were significantly dysregulated in tumor tissues. The associations between lung cancer and genomic alternations in these enriched pathways have been reported previously, such as overexpression of IGF1R in IGF-1 signaling pathway might resist EGFR inhibitors used in lung cancer treatment. In summary, with the integrated data of copy number variation and expression, the concurrent analyses help to dissect lung carcinogenesis of non-smoking lung cancer females in Taiwan. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 112.