tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Self-Rated Functional Status and Psychosocial Stress in Patients Suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bogdan P. Radanov, Hans A. Schwarz, Stephan-Andreas Frost, Klaus F. Augustiny
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: To assess relationship between psychosocial factors and self-rated functioning in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: In 66 RA patients (mean age ± SD = 50.8 + 12.6 years, women 49 (74%), illness duration mean ± SD = 13.4 ± 10.5 years) aspects of developmental psychosocial stress thought to influence human behavior were assessed in an in depth interview using structured biographical history. Furthermore evaluation included Trait anxiety, global functional status according to the ACR criteria, radiological staging of illness and patients' self-ratings of functioning obtained by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Bivariate correlations were performed using psychosocial and somatic factors and self-rated functional status. Results: Scores of developmental psychosocial stress significantly correlated with interviewers scoring of nurture (r = ––0.722, p < 0.001) indicating good internal consistency of interview data. Significant correlations were found between patients' scoring of functional status (HAQ) and (i) ACR criteria (r = 0.490, p < 0.0001) and (ii) score of Trait anxiety (r = 0.367, p < 0.003). There was no significant correlation between developmental psychosocial stress and HAQ score. Conclusion: Developmental psychosocial stress does not significantly contribute as to how RA patients perceive their functional ability. In a proportion of RA patients self-rated functional status may depend on the patients disposition (e.g. neuroticism) probably promoting impaired illness behavior (e.g. regressive tendencies) which should be considered in assessing treatment procedures.
Fish and Heart Disease
Authors: Martijn B. Katan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations suggest that eating fish confers protection against coronary heart disease.1,2 However, in this issue of the Jour-nal, Ascherio et al.3 report no association between fish intake and coronary heart disease in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Where does the evidence stand, and how do the new data fit in?Fish and other seafoods, and oils pressed from them, contain a special class of polyunsaturated fatty acids called omega-3 or n-3 (“n minus three”) fatty acids. Tiny amounts of these are essential for the development of the nervous system. The effect of n-3 fatty acids on . . .
The Preparation of an Acceptable Placebo for NPH Insulin
Authors: Robert G Johnson, John E Godine, Katherine Hurxthal, David M Nathan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

A suitable placebo for NPH insulin has not previously been available for clinical investigation. A series of organic and inorganic compounds were formulated as insulin placebos and analyzed according to the following criteria: (1) degree of visual similarity to insulin, (2) stability, (3) absence of local side effects, and (4) clinical safety. Dilute suspensions of cortisone acetate (1.25-2.5 mg/ml) were found to fulfill the criteria as acceptable insulin placebos. Placebo-controlled studies with NPH insulin can now be performed.
Letter: Management of motor neurone disease.
Authors: J Goodwill
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In our experience many doctors and medical students believe that dextrose is a carbohydrate that is different from glucose and do not realise that dextrose is the name given in the British Pharmacopoeia (1973) and the British Pharmaceutical Codex (1973) for glucose monohydrate.This causes confusion in under- standing disease and in treatment.Glucose is the scientifically acceptable trivial name for D( +)-glucose.We make a plea for the universal use in medicine of "glucose" as the only name for this compound and of "glucose mono- hydrate" when it is necessary to specify that the glucose molecule is not anhydrous (as it carries one molecule of water)-and for the abandonment by pharmacists of the name "dextrose."
Diastolic collapse of the right ventricle with cardiac tamponade: an echocardiographic study.
Authors: W F Armstrong, B F Schilt, D J Helper, J C Dillon, H Feigenbaum
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The value of a newly described echocardiographic sign for the detection of cardiac tamponade was retrospectively evaluated in 91 patients. M-mode echocardiograms were reviewed in 86 patients, 36 of whom had concurrent two-dimensional echocardiographic examinations; in five patients, only two-dimensional echocardiography was performed. Cardiac tamponade was clinically present in 17 patients, 14 of whom had abnormal posterior motion of the right ventricular free wall in early diastole. Two of the 17 patients with tamponade had equivocally abnormal motion and one had normal wall motion. The patient with normal wall motion was later proved to have predominantly constrictive pericardial disease. In all cases, the abnormal wall motion reverted to normal after a definitive drainage procedure. Two-dimensional echocardiography confirmed that the abnormal right ventricular wall motion represented a true collapse of the right ventricular cavity in early diastole. Of the 69 patients without clinical cardiac tamponade, only seven had abnormal right ventricular wall motion. Detection of abnormal diastolic right ventricular free wall motion may be a sensitive indicator or a hemodynamically significant pericardial effusion. Conversely, the presence of normal motion of the right ventricular free wall appears to be a reliable indicator that the pericardial effusion is exerting little effect on overall cardiac function.
S73 Trends in empyema in Scottish Children 2000–2011
Authors: S Nath, SW Turner
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> An abrupt rise in empyema prevalence in children was noted in the UK and other countries during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Time trends in empyema prevalence in Scotland has not been described since 2005 at a time when prevalence appeared to be still rising<sup>1</sup>. A number of factors may have changed empyema prevalence since 2005 including the 2006 smoking ban and introduction of heptavalent (2006) and 13-valent (2010) pneumococcal vaccinations. Here we applied our previous methodology<sup>1</sup> to test the hypothesis that the prevalence of childhood empyema continues to rise beyond 2005. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a whole population study of 2000–2011 hospital admissions using ICD-10 diagnostic codes. As previously we captured admissions for pneumonia and croup to detect increasing prevalence of admissions with other respiratory presentations. <h3>Results</h3> Over this 12 year period there were 398 cases of empyema. The prevalence rose from 22cases/million in 2000 to 55 cases/million in 2011 (see figure), equivalent to a rise of 4 cases/million/year (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.81 p = 0.002). Within the 1–4 year age range, empyema prevalence rose by 10 cases/million/year (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.86 p &lt; 0.001) whilst prevalence did not change for the under 1 and 10–14 year old age range. The prevalence of croup and pneumonia for did not change during 2000–2011 suggesting that increased empyema prevalence did not reflect increasing respiratory admissions or increasing pneumonia prevalence. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The prevalence of empyema in Scottish children has continued to rise beyond 2005 and the reason for this is not clear. Public health initiatives introduced since 2005 do not appear to have altered empyema prevalence in children. <h3>References</h3> Roxburgh cs <i>et al</i>. Trends in pneumonia and empyema in Scottish children in the past 25 years. <i>Arch Dis Child</i> 2008;93:316–8.
Reporting suicide The effect of media coverage on patterns of self harm
Authors: D Gunnell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Suicide accounts for only 1% of all deaths and yet when these occur they frequently attract disproportionate media interest. Headlines such as “Coroner told of Human Torch Horror” and “ Tragic Countess of Caithness died from a single shot” are commonplace following the suicides of individuals whose death from other causes would probably been been left unreported.

William Farr wrote in 1841 that “no fact is better established in science than that suicide (and murder may perhaps be added) is often committed from imitation. . . . Do the advantages of publicity counterbalance the evils attendant on one such death? Why should cases of suicide be recorded at length in the papers any more than cases of fever?” Farr called for a cessation of the reporting of “dramatic tales of suicide, murder and bloodshed.”

There is clear evidence that the media may affect method specific suicide rates. In Britain an excess of about 60 suicides by burning occurred in the 12 months after the widely publicised political suicide by burning of a woman in Geneva.1 The evidence concerning the media's influence on overall suicide rates is less clear. Increase in suicide rates, following the reporting of real life suicide, have been described both in Britain and the United States. 2,3 The methodologies for these and other studies are questionable, with the examination of changes in rates over apparently arbitrarily selected periods of …
Systematic variation in gene expression patterns in human cancer cell lines
Authors: Douglas T. Ross, Uwe Scherf, Michael B. Eisen, Charles M. Perou, Christian Rees, Paul Spellman, Vishwanath Iyer, Stefanie S. Jeffrey, Matt Van de Rijn, Mark Waltham, Alexander Pergamenschikov, Jeffrey C.F. Lee, Deval Lashkari, Dari Shalon, Timothy G. Myers, John N. Weinstein, David Botstein, Patrick O. Brown
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Decrease of Lipoprotein(a) With Improved Glycemic Control in IDDM Subjects
Authors: Steven M Haffner, Katherine R Tuttle, David L Rainwater
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Recently, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been identified as a major risk factor for coronary heart disease. There are few data available on the influence of metabolic control on plasma Lp(a) concentrations in subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), a group at high risk for coronary heart disease.We examined the effects of improved metabolic control on plasma lipid and lipoproteins and Lp(a) concentrations in 12 subjects before and after 21 days of tight metabolic control.Glycosylated hemoglobin declined from 8.4 to 6.9% (P less than 0.001), and Lp(a) declined from 29.7 to 27.1 mg/dl (P = 0.022). There were no significant differences in total, low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, although the decline in triglyceride concentrations were borderline statistically significant. The distribution of apolipoprotein(a) isoforms in IDDM patients was not unusual, and the apolipoprotein(a) isoform phenotypes did not change with improved metabolic control. Lp(a) concentrations were also significantly higher than in a population-based control group of nondiabetic subjects from the San Antonio Heart Study.Although the number of subjects was small and the degree of improvement in metabolic control was modest, the results suggest that improved metabolic control may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease mediated by Lp(a) in IDDM.
PLASMA COPEPTIN (CARBOXY-TERMINAL PRO-VASOPRESSIN) IS ASSOCIATED WITH LEFT ATRIAL SIZE AND LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS INDEX IN AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS WITH HYPERTENSION.
Authors: Umer Saleem, Thomas Mosley, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Andreas Bergmann, Joachim Struck, Iftikhar J. Kullo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Incidental Detection of a Pheochromocytoma on Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Coincidence Imaging
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, PAVANI R. PINGLE, RICHARD P. SPENCER, WILLIAM R. PRESKENIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A woman with a history of tuberculosis and a lower left lung nodule had a dual-head gamma camera imaging study with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose. The radiolabel was not taken up by the lung lesion, but there was substantial uptake in the region of the left adrenal gland. This proved to be an incidental pheochromocytoma.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Reduced-Dose Carboplatin and Gemcitabine for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in a Patient with Fanconi Anemia
Authors: Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Subhadra Chereddy, Sheila Nguyen, John E. Wagner, Michael Maddaus
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
Strategies to Improve Test Ordering in Primary Care—Reply
Authors: Wim H. J. M. Verstappen, Trudy van der Weijden, Richard P. T. M. Grol
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MITRAL LEAFLET AREA IN MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE AND FUNCTIONAL MITRAL REGURGITATION BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: Takeshi Maruo, Tatsuhiko Komiya, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Yasushi Fuku, Kazushige Kadota, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Orthopedic Surgery: The Problem of the Intervertebral Disk
Authors: Carroll B. Larson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE cause of the backache has for years intrigued orthopedic surgeons. Many popularized diagnoses, such as sacroiliac slip, lumbosacral strain and so forth, represent phases of progress in unraveling the mysteries of back pain. Backache associated with pain in the leg has frequently been inaccurately labeled "sciatica" by doctors and the laity alike. The recent trend is to abolish this term because it carries no accurate connotation concerning either the cause or the distribution of pain. In 1934 a new spark of interest was aroused by Mixter and Barr1 when they introduced the syndrome ascribed to herniation of the nucleus . . .
Mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor system in hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible mechanism of resistance to death during cell proliferation
Authors: I. Venturini, M.L. Zeneroli, L. Corsi, R. Pellicci, G. Ardizzone, A. Arrigo, F. Farina, C. Ferrarese, N. Pecora, M. Frigo, R. Avallone, M. Baraldi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Thrombolysis for Acute Stroke-Reply
Authors: Markku Kaste
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Wood's assumption of increased incidence of brain edema following thrombolysis is not supported by ECASS data. Brain edema leading to herniation was found more frequently in the rt-PA—treated group, but this difference was not statistically significant. In the ITT analysis, the odds of dying from brain edema were 1.13 (confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.56) at day 7 and 1.22 (CI, 0.93 to 1.59) at days 30 and 90. A shorter time to thrombolysis may be advantageous as indicated in the recently published National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) trial.<sup>1</sup>However, we believe it important to test whether a longer time window is feasible since it may lead to a therapeutic approach applicable to a larger number of stroke patients. Unfortunately, while most neuroprotective agents are effective in animal models of stroke, none of the substances has been shown to be effective in stroke
Erythrocyte choline concentrations and cluster headache.
Authors: J de Belleroche, G E Cook, I Das, R Joseph, I Tresidder, S Rouse, R Petty, F C Clifford Rose
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Erythrocyte choline concentrations were measured in patients with cluster headache and age related control subjects. Concentrations were significantly reduced in the patients with headache both during a cluster period and between clusters, being 58% and 55% of the control value, respectively. After two weeks9 treatment with lithium, choline concentrations in the patients with cluster headache increased to 78 times the control value (mean 369.2 mumol/l (3840 micrograms/100 ml) compared with 4.7 mumol/l (49 micrograms/100 ml]. The presence of depressed erythrocyte choline concentrations during and between cluster attacks indicates that this may be a predisposing condition which results in a cluster attack only when associated with a trigger factor.
Comparative Antithrombotic Effects of Magnesium Sulfate and the Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors Tirofiban and Eptifibatide in a Canine Model of Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Vladimir Rukshin, Prediman K. Shah, Bojan Cercek, Ariel Finkelstein, Vivian Tsang, Sanjay Kaul
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Antithrombotic effects of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and magnesium are known, but their comparative effects on stent thrombosis are not known. Our objective was to compare the antithrombotic effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors tirofiban and eptifibatide with magnesium in an ex vivo canine arteriovenous shunt model of stent thrombosis.Control nitinol stents were expanded to 2 mm in diameter in a tubular perfusion chamber interposed in the shunt and exposed to flowing arterial blood at a shear rate of 2100 s(-1) for 20 minutes (n=398 perfusion runs in 24 experiments in 8 dogs). The animals were treated intravenously with MgSO4 (2 g bolus x 20 minutes followed by 2 g/h infusion), eptifibatide (double bolus of 180 microg/kg 10 minutes apart followed by 2 microg/kg per minute), or tirofiban (0.3 microg/kg per minute), with or without heparin (50 U/kg). Effects of the test agents on thrombus weight, platelet aggregation (PA), platelet CD62 expression, bleeding time (BT), heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure were assessed. Treatment with Mg+heparin reduced stent thrombus weight by 78+/-10% compared with baseline (19+/-4 mg, P<0.001). The antithrombotic effect of Mg+heparin was equivalent to that observed with tirofiban+heparin (78+/-13%) and eptifibatide+heparin (84+/-11%). Magnesium had no significant effect on PA and BT. Tirofiban and eptifibatide inhibited PA by >90% and prolonged BT up to 20 minutes. None of the test agents had effects on CD62 expression or activated clotting time. There were no significant bleeding or hemodynamic complications.Magnesium produced a significant reduction in acute stent thrombus formation that was equivalent in magnitude to that produced by clinically relevant doses of tirofiban and eptifibatide. Its potential use in percutaneous coronary intervention requires further study.
Oesophageal achalasia in adolescent women mistaken for anorexia nervosa.
Authors: P. D. Duane, T. M. Magee, M. S. Alexander, R. V. Heatley, M. S. Losowsky
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Anorexia nervosa is a commonly considered diagnosis in young women who present with unexplained weight loss and vomiting.By contrast, achalasia is a rare disorder of the oesophagus and often goes unrecog- nised for many years.'The main symptom of this condition is dysphagia, but regurgitation or vomiting of food and weight loss are also common.Occasionally patients with achalasia adopt abnormal eating habits, such as self induced vomiting and avoidance of food, which can be mistaken as behavioural features of anorexia nervosa.2IWe present the case histories of two adolescent girls with achalasia who had eating disorders diagnosed after initial investigations failed to find a cause for their weight loss.
All-Cause Readmission and Repeat Revascularization After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in a Cohort of Medicare Patients
Authors: Jeptha P. Curtis, Geoffrey Schreiner, Yongfei Wang, Jersey Chen, John A. Spertus, John S. Rumsfeld, Ralph G. Brindis, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Pseudomonal airway colonisation: risk factor for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation?
Authors: R. Vos, B. M. Vanaudenaerde, N. Geudens, L. J. Dupont, D. E. Van Raemdonck, G. M. Verleden
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Airway colonisation with Pseudomonads, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is common in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The current authors investigated whether pseudomonal colonisation affects the prevalence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation. In the present retrospective study, 92 double (SS)LTx recipients (26 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 66 non-CF patients), with at least two consecutive post-operative bronchoalveolar lavage or sputum cultures evaluated for Pseudomonads, were included. Freedom of BOS was investigated in post-operatively colonised and noncolonised patients. The current study has shown post-operative airway colonisation to be an independent risk factor for BOS stage > or = 1 and to be associated with a worse BOS stage > or = 1-free survival in univariate analysis, especially in CF SSLTx recipients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a trend for colonisation only as an independent risk factor for BOS; however, this pointed to a possible role in the development of BOS. In conclusion, pseudomonal airway colonisation after lung transplantation may be associated with an increased prevalence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome need further investigation, although the induction of neutrophilic airway inflammation seems to be its main characteristic.
Reduction of childhood mortality through millennium development goal 4
Authors: A. A. Hyder, J. Lunnen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Will not be maximised unless injury prevention is integrated into the overall plan

Millennium development goal 4 aims to reduce mortality in children under 5 years by two thirds between 1990 and 2015. Unfortunately, as of 2010, among the 67 countries with high child mortality (≥40 deaths/1000 live births), only 10 are on track to meet this target.1 At the millennium development goal summit in September 2010, the general assembly of the United Nations adopted an outcome document that expressed “deep concerns that [progress] falls short of what is needed.”2 The lack of focus on prevention of childhood injury in many countries is exacerbating the failure to meet the target⇓.



GMB Akash/Panos

About 830 000 children under 18 years die each year as a result of unintentional injuries, including road traffic injuries, poisoning, falls, burns, and drowning. In addition, tens of millions of children require acute hospital care or long term rehabilitation for non-fatal injuries. Globally, injuries are the leading cause of death for children aged 10-19 years, and road traffic injuries and drowning account for nearly half of all unintentional injuries to children.3

More than 260 000 children die as a result of road traffic injuries each year, and up to 10 million more are non-fatally injured.3 Both …