tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer and Elemental Carbon Exposure in Trucking Industry Workers
Authors: Eric Garshick, Francine Laden, Jaime E. Hart, Mary E. Davis, Ellen A. Eisen, Thomas J. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Diesel exhaust has been considered to be a probable lung carcinogen based on studies of occupationally exposed workers. Efforts to define lung cancer risk in these studies have been limited in part by lack of quantitative exposure estimates.We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess lung cancer mortality risk among U.S. trucking industry workers. Elemental carbon (EC) was used as a surrogate of exposure to engine exhaust from diesel vehicles, traffic, and loading dock operations.Work records were available for 31,135 male workers employed in the unionized U.S. trucking industry in 1985. A statistical model based on a national exposure assessment was used to estimate historical work-related exposures to EC. Lung cancer mortality was ascertained through the year 2000, and associations with cumulative and average EC were estimated using proportional hazards models.Duration of employment was inversely associated with lung cancer risk consistent with a healthy worker survivor effect and a cohort composed of prevalent hires. After adjusting for employment duration, we noted a suggestion of a linear exposure-response relationship. For each 1,000-µg/m³ months of cumulative EC, based on a 5-year exposure lag, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 1.15] with a similar association for a 10-year exposure lag [HR = 1.09 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.20)]. Average exposure was not associated with relative risk.Lung cancer mortality in trucking industry workers increased in association with cumulative exposure to EC after adjusting for negative confounding by employment duration.
Why We Do Not All Think the Code Above Revision.
Authors: Edward Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1893)

To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association  Dear Sir:  —First. The present Code contains irrelevant matter; it may be excellent matter of its kind, admirable in its place, but its proper place is outside of the organic laws which govern a medical association. And, whether its status be that of by-laws or standing resolutions, the Code of Ethics is a portion of the organic law of our medical associations.  Specimens of the matter referred to are to be found in the account of the obligations of patients to their physicians or the attitude of mind that the physician should observe towards his profession. That the sentiments expressed are excellent; that the phraseology used is beautiful no more entitles such passages to a place in our organic law than the same qualities would render pertinent a beautiful and inspiring essay on the subject of ethics.  Second. Whether
Abstract 5378: Targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis for pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Seema Singh, Sudha Talwar, Sanjeev Srivastava, Sarah Braune, Laurie B. Owen, Ajay P. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a lethal malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. Furthermore, it is also highly resistant to currently available therapeutic modalities. Hence, it is very important to better understand the drug-resistance mechanisms and to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies. Chemokine signaling has been shown to play an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. Importantly, a chemokine receptor, CXCR4, has been shown to be expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, precancerous lesions, and cancer stem cells. CXCR4 signaling induced by binding to its ligand (CXCL12) potentiates pancreatic tumor cell growth, migration and invasion, and distant metastasis in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling has also been shown to facilitate the tumor-microenvironment interaction and induce desmoplastic alterations in the stroma, which is a common feature of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Therefore, targeting CXCR4, alone or in combination with cytotoxic drug, might be an effective strategy for pancreatic cancer therapy. Here, we examined the expression of CXCR4 in a panel of twelve pancreatic cancer cell lines and pancreatic cancer tissues. Our data document that CXCR4 is expressed by all pancreatic cancer cell lines and overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues as compared to corresponding normal pancreas. Furthermore, treatment with CXCL12 induced the growth of pancreatic cancer cells, indicating the functionality of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis and suggesting its potential suitability as a therapeutic target. Interestingly, pancreatic cancer cells treated with CXCL12 showed reduced cytotoxicity to the cytotoxic drug 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU) as compared to cells treated with drug alone. Treatment with CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, arrested the CXCL12-induced pancreatic cancer cell growth, and resulted in a cooperative growth inhibitory effect with 5-FU treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that targeting of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis can be exploited as a novel and effective approach for pancreatic cancer therapy, alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5378.
P1-091: Preoperative staging procedures using 18F-FDG-Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography fused imaging (PET-CT-Scan) and Mediastinoscopy compared to Surgical-Pathological findings in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma undergoing Extrapleural Pneumonectomy
Authors: Jens B. Sørensen, Jesper Ravn, Annika Loft, Jørn Brenøe, Anne K. Berthelsen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Pharmacodynamics and dermatopharmacokinetics of betamethasone 17-valerate: assessment of topical bioavailability
Authors: S. Wiedersberg, A. Naik, C.S. Leopold, R.H. Guy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The bioavailability of most topically delivered drugs is difficult to quantify, but is generally believed to be very low. With the exception of the vasoconstrictor assay for corticosteroids, no methodology to quantify the rate and extent of drug delivery to the skin has been validated. Recent research has examined the dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK) technique, which is based on stratum corneum (SC) tape-stripping.To compare the in vivo bioavailability of different topical formulations of betamethasone 17-valerate (BMV) using the vasoconstrictor assay and the DPK method.BMV was formulated in different vehicles and the drug concentration was adjusted to either (i) equal thermodynamic activity, or (ii) a range of values up to that corresponding to 80% of maximum thermodynamic activity. Vasoconstriction, an accepted and widely used method to determine bioavailability and bioequivalence of topical steroids, was quantified with a chromameter over 24 h post-removal of the formulation. Drug uptake into the SC was assessed by tape-stripping.BMV at the same thermodynamic activity in different vehicles provoked similar skin blanching responses, while DPK profiles distinguished between the formulations. Further, skin blanching responses and drug uptake into the SC clearly depended upon the absolute BMV concentration applied. However, while the saturable nature of the pharmacodynamic response was clear, the tape-stripping method distinguished unequivocally between the different formulations and different concentrations.The DPK approach offers a reliable metric with which to quantify transfer of drug from the vehicle to the SC, and may be useful for topical bioavailability and bioequivalence determinations.
Letter: Design of clinical trials.
Authors: A P Douglas-Jones, J M Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1976)

that in "normal" twin pairs' (anaemic twin IgG 5 40 g/l; normal twin IgG 5 43 g/l).In contrast, in cases of the chronic type of fetofetal transfusion syndrome the donor twin had abnormally low levels of IgG whereas those of the recipient were within the normal range.3There were invariably large intrapair discrepancies and we suggest that this may be due to a disturbance in the maternofetal transfer of the immunoglobulin across the donor portion of the placenta, which is fre- quently oedematous and histologically abnormal in such cases.4
Association of folate transporter SLC19A1 polymorphisms with the outcome of multiple myeloma after chemotherapy and tandem autologous transplantation
Authors: V Maggini, G Buda, S Galimberti, E Conidi, N Giuliani, F Morabito, G Genestreti, P Iacopino, V Rizzoli, R Barale, M Petrini, A M Rossi
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Divided we fall
Authors: R. G Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In Britain, as in many other countries, the scale of the excess mortality associated with lower social status dwarfs almost every other health problem.The Whitehall study has shown that the most junior office staff have three times the all cause mortality and six times the sickness absence rates of the most senior staff working in the same government offices.'2In this week's journal Phillimore and colleagues report that mortality in those aged 0-64 years is four times higher in the poorest than in the most affluent electoral wards of the Northern region of England.As an indicator of the effect of socioeconomic factors on the demand for services, over three quarters of the regional variation in the number of pre- scriptions provided per head of population is associated with
THE PULSE: ITS DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE.
Authors: T. S. DABNEY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The proper study of mankind is man.—<i>Pope</i>. Have you a working pulse?—<i>Shakespeare</i>. <h3>Mr. President and Gentlemen:</h3> In the mad scramble for novelties which seems to have seized our profession, as it did the ancient Athenians, you may be surprised at my presumption in asking your attention to so prosaic a subject as ''The Pulse: Its Diagnostic and Prognostic Value." This is the age of the infinitesimally small, and he who would spring, like Minerva, full grown into fame, must, like Pasteur, Koch, Sanarelli, Klebs, Loeffler, Eberth and Laveran, succeed in standing sponsor for some micro-organism. Failing that, you might yet seek the "bubble reputation" by investigations into the biology of certain of these lower forms of life, and like MacCallum and Opie of Johns Hopkins, succeed in catching the Halteridium of Labbe in his amorous advances. These observers having shown that the passive granular form of this hematazoon
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Baker Cyst
Authors: Jeffrey C. Rudikoff
Journal: JAMA (1976)

BAKER cysts may dissect or rupture into the calf, producing a syndrome mimicking thrombophlebitis. Ultrasound B scan of the calf can demonstrate the cystic nature of this lesion and lead to correct diagnosis and treatment. Routine double-contrast arthrography was not done in our patient because of previous allergy to contrast medium. Ultrasound B scan is correlated with air arthrography and surgery. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 69-year-old asthmatic man was admitted to University Hospital on Nov 17, 1974, with the chief complaint of progressive right calf pain and swelling of six weeks' duration. In the previous year, he had had aching pain and recurrent swelling of the right knee. He denied a history of trauma or twisting injury to the knee but admitted to occasional painful clicking when he crossed his legs. Five weeks prior to admission, the knee joint was tapped, and a steroid preparation was injected, with temporary
Vδ1 T lymphocytes producing IFN-γ and IL-17 are expanded in HIV-1–infected patients and respond to Candida albicans
Authors: Daniela Fenoglio, Alessandro Poggi, Silvia Catellani, Florinda Battaglia, Alessandra Ferrera, Maurizio Setti, Giuseppe Murdaca, Maria Raffaella Zocchi
Journal: Blood (2009)
The Efficacy of Screening Colonoscopy—Reply
Authors: Christine A. Sinsky, David C. Dugdale
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Electroshock Therapy in Depressive States
Authors: Simon Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

SINCE its introduction by Cerletti and Bini1 in 1938, electroshock therapy has become an accepted therapeutic procedure and has replaced metrazol as the most effective therapeutic convulsive agent. It has been found most useful in depressive states of a manic depressive nature, involutional depressions and involutional paranoid conditions and in depressions of later life and also as an adjunct in the treatment of psychoneuroses with depressive coloring. It has replaced insulin in the treatment of some early cases of schizophrenia, and has been used experimentally in a large variety of neuropsychiatric conditions including general paresis,2 Parkinson's disease,3 tics,3 stammering,4 drug . . .
BRCA testing in underserved women: a qualitative study of intepretations and impacts.
Authors: G Joseph, C Wilcox, J Luce, MS Beattie
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3109 Background: As BRCA testing becomes more available to underserved populations, it is important to understand how the BRCA testing process is interpreted by these patients and their families. It is also essential to study the medical and psycho-social effects of BRCA testing for underserved populations. This study aims to explore the impact of BRCA results and the process of BRCA testing in underserved women.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Underserved women at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) who underwent BRCA testing received individual, in-depth, 1-2 hour, semi-structured interviews by a medical anthropologist. Interviews addressed: personal background, initial referral, delivery of test results, understanding of test results, sharing of test results and impact of testing and results on the patient and her family. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded using a qualitative data analysis system (Atlas-ti), and analyzed by two authors. Participants were chosen to include the diverse range of patients at SFGH.&amp;#x2028; Results: Of 130 women at SFGH who received BRCA testing, 8 to date have been interviewed (age 35-56). Four had breast cancer. BRCA results include: 4 negative, 2 variant, and 2 positive. Six participants were white; 2 African American. Preliminary data analysis shows that the idea of genetic testing and counseling for breast cancer was completely new at the time of referral for most participants. Participants with breast cancer wanted testing for their children and siblings. "I definitely wanted to know…so that we would have information as far as my son and my sister, and we would have a heads up and know, because early detection is what saved my life." Participants who did not have cancer but who perceived a lot of cancer in the family were interested in and reassured by the genetic counseling/testing experience. “I've been held captive with the word “cancer” all my life." Those with inconclusive results (uninformative negative and variant) had a limited understanding of the implications of their test results for their cancer risk and that of their relatives and struggled with what to communicate to family members. An affected women with negative results said, "With my sister …we have the same parents, but if mine came back negative, I don't know if that means she's totally out of the dark for herself." Participants consistently had positive feelings about their experience with genetic counseling and testing.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Given our sample size and methodology, it is not appropriate to generalize. But, this preliminary data suggests that many variables relate to individual understanding and interpretation of BRCA results including: cancer diagnosis and health status at time of testing; BRCA result; experience with counseling; and time since counseling and BRCA testing to process and interpret results. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3109.
Proceedings: HL-A antigen W27 in juvenile chronic polyarthritis.
Authors: J Edmonds, A Metzger, P Terasaki, R Bluestone, B Ansell, E G Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

Diseasesdose ratio of 200 :1, and a pronounced histamine response in a dose ratio less than 200:1.These results reflect the presence in the synovial microvasculature of H2 receptors which may be involved in the control of peripheral blood vessels.
Duration of Life After Fatal Injuries.
Authors: J. A. Mack
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Madison,Wis., March 5, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, March 5, a letter by Dr. H. D'Arcy Power of San Francisco brings to mind the following: At the time of our capitol disaster I was early on the scene; one of the first of the injured to be brought out was the foreman. He was immediately removed to a building nearby. On examination, I found his injury a fatal one, the entire calvarium being fractured and cleanly driven through the brain to the base of the skull. Respiration was normal, the respiratory center being uninjured. On endeavoring to raise the fragments respiration ceased, to be immediately resumed when left undisturbed. He lived three hours after receiving his injury.
Distinct severity of HLH in both human and murine mutants with complete loss of cytotoxic effector PRF1, RAB27A, and STX11
Authors: Fernando E. Sepulveda, Franck Debeurme, Gaël Ménasché, Mathieu Kurowska, Marjorie Côte, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Alain Fischer, Geneviève de Saint Basile
Journal: Blood (2012)
Problem of Evaluation of Psychopharmacological Drugs.
Authors: Sidney Merlis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Problem of Evaluation of Psychopharmacological Drugs.Sidney Merlis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Sidney Merlis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-802_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA large proportion of all chemical agents currently being submitted for clinical trial are those with potential psychopharmacological activity. Problems of evaluating comparative efficacy and toxicity in the absence of many specific physiological guide lines make conclusions tentative and suggestive, at best. The final arbiter for the successful application of a new drug for the treatment of psychiatric disease is the practicing clinician. This paper also discusses the problems of the researcher in handling the experimental drug trial and the difficulties facing the clinician in his use of psychopharmaceuticals.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Central Islip, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 802-802KeywordsClinical trialsDrugsToxicity Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Biochemical kinetics of porcine cardiac subfragment-1. II. Pre-steady-state studies of the initial phosphate burst.
Authors: L A Stein, M P White, D T Annis
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The actin dependence of the rate and magnitude of the initial phosphate burst was measured using both quench-flow and stopped-flow kinetic techniques. These studies revealed that even at high actin concentrations the magnitude of the phosphate burst was a significant fraction of the magnitude that exists in the absence of actin. Furthermore, it was shown that the rate of the burst rises rapidly as a function of the actin concentration. Detailed modeling with the four-state model revealed that if the predicted Vmax is constrained to be approximately equal to the extrapolated value (double reciprocal plot) and if the apparent dissociation constant of subfragment-1 to actin divided by the apparent activation constant of the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity (Kbinding/KATPase) is constrained to be considerably different from one, then the model is unable to simultaneously account for the ATPase activity and the rate and magnitude of the initial inorganic phosphate burst.
Effects of applying a standardised management algorithm for moderate to severe renal dysfunction in patients with chronic stable heart failure
Authors: Ramesh de Silva, Nikolay P. Nikitin, Klaus K.A. Witte, Alan S. Rigby, Huan Loh, Anthony Nicholson, Sunil Bhandari, Andrew L. Clark, John G.F. Cleland
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2006)