tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hematologic remission and cytogenetic improvement after treatment of stable‐phase chronic myelogenous leukemia with continuous infusion of low‐dose cytarabine
Authors: Michael J. Robertson, Ramana Tantravahi, James D. Griffin, George P. Canellos, Stephen A. Cannistra
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Prolonged exposure to low concentrations of cytarabine preferentially inhibits in vitro growth of neoplastic myeloid progenitors from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) compared to that of normal myeloid progenitors. Continuous infusions of cytarabine in doses of 15-30 mg/m2/day were therefore administered for extended periods to patients with CML in stable phase to determine if this treatment could achieve selective cytoreduction of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive cells. Five patients demonstrating > 90% Ph-positive metaphases before treatment received a total of 43 cycles of cytarabine infusional therapy. Cytarabine was administered on an outpatient basis using a portable, battery-operated syringe pump until the total leukocyte count reached 2500/microliters or the platelet count reached 75,000/microliters. A new cycle was begun when the total leukocyte count exceeded 4,000/microliters and the platelet count exceeded 100,000/microliters. The median duration of cytarabine administration per cycle was 29 days (range 15-72 days). Leukocytosis was readily controlled by low-dose cytarabine therapy in all patients. All five patients experienced complete hematologic responses during cytarabine therapy. The fraction of Ph-positive metaphases in the marrow of the five patients was reduced to 0, 10%, 43%, 72%, and 84%, respectively, during therapy. The median time to achieve optimal cytogenetic response was 4.8 months (range 2.8-8.6 months). One patient demonstrated a complete cytogenetic response after three cycles of cytarabine. Another patient demonstrated persistent cytogenetic improvement during 20 cycles of cytarabine, with a median 38% Ph-positive marrow metaphases (range 10-53%) over 32 months. Cytarabine therapy was generally well-tolerated, but was discontinued in one patient because of persistent asymptomatic elevations in hepatic enzymes, which resolved within 2 months after discontinuing therapy. There were no episodes of fever during neutropenia, and platelet transfusions were not required. However, symptomatic anemia requiring transfusion of red cells occurred during most cycles of treatment. In summary, treatment of CML with low-dose cytarabine can induce prolonged cytogenetic improvement in some patients with acceptable toxicity. Further evaluation is needed to ascertain the effect of this treatment on duration of stable phase and overall survival.
638 PARVOVIRUS B19 INFECTION: EVIDENCE FOR INTRAHEPATIC LONG-TERM PERSISTENCE BUT NO ASSOCIATION WITH DISEASE PROGRESSION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: C. Wang, A. Heim, V. Schlaphoff, P.V. Suneetha, H. Jiang, M. Krueger, P. Fytili, K. Stegmann, T. Bock, M.P. Manns, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Prevalence, Correlates, and Treatment of Lifetime Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents
Authors: Matthew K. Nock, Jennifer Greif Green, Irving Hwang, Katie A. McLaughlin, Nancy A. Sampson, Alan M. Zaslavsky, Ronald C. Kessler
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Although suicide is the third leading cause of death among US adolescents, little is known about the prevalence, correlates, or treatment of its immediate precursors, adolescent suicidal behaviors (ie, suicide ideation, plans, and attempts).To estimate the lifetime prevalence of suicidal behaviors among US adolescents and the associations of retrospectively reported, temporally primary DSM-IV disorders with the subsequent onset of suicidal behaviors.Dual-frame national sample of adolescents from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement.Face-to-face household interviews with adolescents and questionnaires for parents.A total of 6483 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age and their parents.Lifetime suicide ideation, plans, and attempts.The estimated lifetime prevalences of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among the respondents are 12.1%, 4.0%, and 4.1%, respectively. The vast majority of adolescents with these behaviors meet lifetime criteria for at least one DSM-IV mental disorder assessed in the survey. Most temporally primary (based on retrospective age-of-onset reports) fear/anger, distress, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders significantly predict elevated odds of subsequent suicidal behaviors in bivariate models. The most consistently significant associations of these disorders are with suicide ideation, although a number of disorders are also predictors of plans and both planned and unplanned attempts among ideators. Most suicidal adolescents (>80%) receive some form of mental health treatment. In most cases (>55%), treatment starts prior to onset of suicidal behaviors but fails to prevent these behaviors from occurring.Suicidal behaviors are common among US adolescents, with rates that approach those of adults. The vast majority of youth with suicidal behaviors have preexisting mental disorders. The disorders most powerfully predicting ideation, though, are different from those most powerfully predicting conditional transitions from ideation to plans and attempts. These differences suggest that distinct prediction and prevention strategies are needed for ideation, plans among ideators, planned attempts, and unplanned attempts.
Cultivation of endothelial cells on adhesive protein-free synthetic polymer gels
Authors: Yong Mei Chen, Nozomi Shiraishi, Hideo Satokawa, Akira Kakugo, Tetsuharu Narita, Jian Ping Gong, Yoshihito Osada, Kimiko Yamamoto, Joji Ando
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
521 PATIENTS SURVIVING AT LEAST 10 YEARS POST LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS
Authors: M. Berenguer, A. Rubín, V. Aguilera, C. Sanchez-Montes, M. Garcia-Eliz, B. Castelló, C. Ortiz, F. Sanjuan, A. Moya, E. Montalva, E. Pareja, R. Lopez-Andujar, M. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Volume, Quality of Care, and Outcome in Pneumonia
Authors: Peter K. Lindenauer, Raj Behal, Cynthia K. Murray, Wato Nsa, Peter M. Houck, Dale W. Bratzler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: The establishment of minimum volume thresholds has been proposed as a means of improving outcomes for patients with various medical and surgical conditions. Objective: To determine whether volume is associated with either quality of care or outcome in the treatment of pneumonia. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: 3243 hospitals participating in the National Pneumonia Quality Improvement Project in 1998 and 1999. Patients: 13 480 patients with pneumonia cared for by 9741 physicians. Measurements: The association between the annual pneumonia caseload of physicians and hospitals and adherence to quality-of-care measures and severity-adjusted in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates. Results: Physician volume was unrelated to the timeliness of administration of antibiotics and the obtainment of blood cultures; however, physicians in the highest-volume quartile had lower rates of screening for and administration of influenza (21%, 19%, 20%, and 12% for quartiles 1 through 4, respectively; P < 0.01) and pneumococcal (16%, 13%, 13%, and 9% for quartiles 1 through 4, respectively; P < 0.01) vaccines. Among hospitals, the percentage of patients who received antibiotics within 4 hours of hospital arrival was inversely related to pneumonia volume (72%, 64%, 60%, and 56% for quartiles 1 through 4, respectively; P < 0.01), while selection of antibiotic, obtainment of blood cultures, and rates of immunization were similar. Physician volume was not associated with in-hospital or 30-day mortality rates. Odds ratios for in-hospital mortality rates rose with increasing hospital volume (1.14 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.49], 1.34 [CI, 1.03 to 1.75], and 1.32 [CI, 0.97 to 1.80] for quartiles 2 to 4, respectively); however, odds ratios for 30-day mortality rates were similar. Limitations: This study was limited to Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age and older. Ascertainment of some measures of the quality of care and severity of illness depended on the documentation practices of the physician. Conclusion: Among both physicians and hospitals, higher pneumonia volume is associated with reduced adherence to selected guideline recommendations and no measurable improvement in patient outcomes.
EXPOSURE IN GALLBLADDER AND COMMON DUCT SURGERY
Authors: Emile Holman
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Handicapped for several years by inadequate exposure in common duct surgery, I was led during the past year to employ various positions of the body in an effort to obtain the maximum advantage to be gained from this source. The position finally adopted has given such a decided improvement in exposure that it was considered sufficiently important to justify its report here. It is no doubt true that numerous surgeons have utilized this position in the past; but, being aware of my own difficulties and having seen other surgeons in similar difficulties, I thought it would not be amiss to call it again to the attention of the profession so that others may be helped as we have by the method employed. The usual type of adjustable and demountable kidney rack is attached to an operating table which can be inclined at any angle with the horizontal. With the table
Clinical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Donald L. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The most favorable feature of this book is its broad coverage on management of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. There is a good base of standard information, including state-of-the-art care concepts. Added to this are some recent but unproved therapies and a sprinkling of speculative ideas for the future. Adverse aspects of this book are its lack of smooth organization, suggesting that it was compiled from manuscripts presented at a meeting. This leads to some redundancy and lack of logical progression from subject to subject. Although most of the information represents standard care, the reader must exercise some caution in distinguishing fact from speculation. The first chapter is a brief but excellent review of the natural history of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The remainder of the first half of the book deals primarily with preoperative and perioperative care of patients, including an excellent chapter on angiographic evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The
Gene Therapy for Acute Diseases
Authors: Phillip Factor
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The use of gene transfer systems to study cell function makes it apparent that overexpression of a transgene can restore or improve the function of a protein and positively influence cell function in a predetermined manner for purposes of counterbalancing cellular pathophysiology. The ability of some gene transfer vehicles to produce transgene product within hours of delivery positions gene transfer as a unique pharmaceutical administration system that can quickly affect production of biologic response modifiers in a highly compartmentalized fashion. This approach can be expected to overcome many of the adverse effects and high costs of systemic delivery of recombinant pharmaceuticals. This review highlights recent advances toward development of gene therapies for acute illnesses with particular emphasis on preclinical models of disease. In this context, a growing body of data suggests that gene therapies for polygenic and non-genetic diseases such as asthma, cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, seizures, acute myocardial infarction, endovascular thrombosis, and infections may someday be options for the treatment of patients.
New drug combination for TB is tested in unique trial
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Researchers have found that a new combination of three drugs is as effective as the standard treatment for tuberculosis.

The novel combination, called PaMZ, is made up of PA-824, a brand new drug candidate for treatment of tuberculosis; moxifloxacin, an established antibiotic not yet approved for use in first line treatment of the disease; and pyrazinamide, which is often used in combination with established tuberculosis treatments.

Results from a small study involving just 80 patients found that, after two weeks of treatment, the mean early bactericidal activity (EBA, as measured by the daily rate of change of log10 colony forming units in sputum) of PaMZ (n=13; …
6-Thioguanine, Cytarabine, and Daunorubicin (TAD) and High-Dose Cytarabine and Mitoxantrone (HAM) for Induction, TAD for Consolidation, and Either Prolonged Maintenance by Reduced Monthly TAD or TAD-HAM-TAD and One Course of Intensive Consolidation by Sequential HAM in Adult Patients at All Ages With De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Randomized Trial of the German AML Cooperative Group
Authors: Thomas Büchner, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Bernhard Wörmann, Claudia Schoch, Christa Fonatsch, Helmut Löffler, Torsten Haferlach, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Georg Maschmeyer, Peter Staib, Carlo Aul, Andreas Grüneisen, Eva Lengfelder, Norbert Frickhofen, Wolfgang Kern, Hubert L. Serve, Rolf M. Mesters, Maria Cristina Sauerland, Achim Heinecke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To examine the efficacy of prolonged maintenance chemotherapy versus intensified consolidation therapy for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Eight hundred thirty-two patients (median age, 54 years; range, 16 to 82 years) with de novo AML were randomly assigned to receive 6-thioguanine, cytarabine, and daunorubicin (TAD) plus cytarabine and mitoxantrone (HAM; cytarabine 3 g/m2 [age < 60 years] or 1 g/m2 [age > or = 60 years] x 6) induction, TAD consolidation, and monthly modified TAD maintenance for 3 years, or TAD-HAM-TAD and one course of intensive consolidation with sequential HAM (S-HAM) with cytarabine 1 g/m2 (age < 60 years) or 0.5 g/m2 (age > or = 60 years) x 8 instead of maintenance.A total of 69.2% patients went into complete remission (CR). Median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 19 months for patients on the maintenance arm, with 31.4% of patients relapse-free at 5 years, versus 12 months for patients on the S-HAM arm, with 24.7% of patients relapse-free at 5 years (P =.0118). RFS from maintenance was superior in patients with poor risk by unfavorable karyotype, age > or = 60 years, lactate dehydrogenase level greater than 700 U/L, or day 16 bone marrow blasts greater than 40% (P =.0061) but not in patients with good risk by complete absence of any poor risk factors. Although a survival benefit in the CR patients is not significant (P =.085), more surviving patients in the maintenance than in the S-HAM arm remain in first CR (P =.026).We conclude that TAD-HAM-TAD-maintenance first-line treatment has a higher curative potential than TAD-HAM-TAD-S-HAM and improves prognosis even among patients with poor prognosis.
Botulinum C2 toxin ADP-ribosylates actin and enhances O2- production and secretion but inhibits migration of activated human neutrophils.
Authors: J Norgauer, E Kownatzki, R Seifert, K Aktories
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The binary botulinum C2 toxin ADP-ribosylated the actin of human neutrophils. Treatment of human neutrophils with botulinum C2 toxin for 45 min increased FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) production 1.5-5-fold, whereas only a minor fraction of the cellular actin pool (approximately 20%) was ADP-ribosylated. Effects of botulinum C2 toxin depended on toxin concentrations, presence of both components of the toxin, and incubation time. Cytochalasin B similarly enhanced O2- production. The effects of botulinum C2 toxin and cytochalasin B were additive at submaximally, but not maximally effective concentrations and incubation time of either toxin. Botulinum C2 toxin also enhanced stimulation of O2- production by Con A and platelet-activating factor, but not by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Botulinum C2 toxin increased FMLP-induced release of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase by 100-250%; release of vitamin B12-binding protein induced by FMLP and PMA was enhanced by approximately 150 and 50%, respectively. Botulinum C2 toxin blocked both random migration of neutrophils and migration induced by FMLP, complement C5a, leukotriene B4, and a novel monocyte-derived chemotactic agent. The data suggest that botulinum C2 toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a minor actin pool has a pronounced effect on the activation of human neutrophils by various stimulants.
iNOS inhibitor, L-NIL, reverses burn-induced glycogen synthase kinase-3β activation in skeletal muscle of rats
Authors: Masao Kaneki, Yuji Fukushima, Shohei Shinozaki, Makiko Fukaya, Mayu Habiro, Nobuyuki Shimizu, Kyungho Chang, Shingo Yasuhara, J.A. Jeevendra Martyn
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
CYP2E1 and Parkinson’s disease in a MPTP-induced C57BL/6 mouse model
Authors: Rahman Basaran, Elcin Deniz Ozdamar, Benay Can-Eke
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

In recent years, extensive investigations on neurodegenerative disorders has been providing considerable information about the relationship between environmetal toxins and CYP450 enzymes. A chemical neurotoxin, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine), can lead to Parkinson’s disease in C57BI/6 mouse model. CYP2E1 is a substantial enzyme involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in brain and liver. It’s also known to generate reactive oxygen species and promote oxidative stress causing many diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer Disease, atherosclerosis. CYP2E1 is expressed in brain less than liver however brain CYP2E1 contributes to progression of diseases. Evidence for involvement of CYP2E1 in the MPTP induced mouse model of Parkinson’s Disease has been reported. In the present study, brain and liver CYP2E1 activities are compared between control and parkinsonism groups of C57BI/6 and Swiss albino mice. CYP2E1 protein expressions are evaluated by the method of Western blotting in these goups. Also brain and liver CYP2E1 activities and protein expressions are compared between Swiss albino and C57BI/6 mice. In this study, we monitored various profiles for different mouse species in the context of CYP2E1 activities and expressions.
Central Role of c-Myc during Malignant Conversion in Human Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Pal Kaposi-Novak, Louis Libbrecht, Hyun Goo Woo, Yun-Han Lee, Nathaniel C. Sears, Elizabeth A. Conner, Valentina M. Factor, Tania Roskams, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistage process in which precursor lesions progress into early hepatocellular carcinomas (eHCC) by sequential accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. To decode the molecular events during early stages of liver carcinogenesis, we performed gene expression profiling on cirrhotic (regenerative) and dysplastic nodules (DN), as well as eHCC. Although considerable heterogeneity was observed at the regenerative and dysplastic stages, overall, 460 differentially expressed genes were detected between DN and eHCC. Functional analysis of the significant gene set identified the MYC oncogene as a plausible driver gene for malignant conversion of the DNs. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis revealed global activation of the MYC up-regulated gene set in eHCC versus dysplasia. Presence of the MYC signature significantly correlated with increased expression of CSN5, as well as with higher overall transcription rate of genes located in the 8q chromosome region. Furthermore, a classifier constructed from MYC target genes could robustly discriminate eHCC from high-grade and low-grade DNs. In conclusion, our study identified unique expression patterns associated with the transition of high-grade DNs into eHCC and showed that activation of the MYC transcription signature is strongly associated with the malignant conversion of preneoplastic liver lesions. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2775–82]
Abstract 5181: Genomic and transcriptomic somatic alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic livers
Authors: Obi L. Griffith, Yiing Lin, Malachi Griffith, Jasreet Hundal, Allison Regier, Robert Fulton, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Richard K. Wilson, William Chapman, Elaine R. Mardis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: In 2014, it is estimated that there will be over 30,000 new cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and an estimated 20,000 subjects will die of this disease in the U.S. alone. Risk factors include chronic HBV/HCV infections, cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. However, an important subset of HCC occurs in the absence of any such risk factors. We surveyed the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of this subset of HCC. Methods: We performed whole genome and transcriptome sequencing of 30 matched tumor and non-tumor liver samples from resections performed at Washington University School of Medicine. Somatic variants identified in this discovery set were extended to a set of 89 additional cases by custom capture sequencing for a total of 119 HCCs profiled. All data were processed through The Genome Institute's Genome Modeling System (GMS) to analyze for viral integrations, SNVs, Indels, CNVs, fusions, SVs, expression and differential expression. Results: We report here for the first time the unique landscape of somatic alterations of HCC arising in non-cirrhotic liver. We detected and validated over 3,010 SNVs and indels in coding regions and 2,390 fusion transcripts, as well as extensive copy number and expression changes. We identified a single undiagnosed HBV case with viral integration occurring at the TERT promoter. We also confirmed recent reports of a recurrent TERT promoter mutation (G1295228A) occurring in at least 56% of cases. Additional recurrent mutations were observed in previously reported genes such as CTNNB1, TP53, AXIN1, and ARID1A, along with an increased frequency of RB1 loss, novel recurrent mutations of APOB, fusions in NR1H4, and other alterations. These molecular features were tested for association with clinical variables and outcome. Pathway analysis of recurrently altered genes suggests that, in the absence of external factors, genomic aberrations in basic liver metabolism genes may promote malignant transformation to HCC. Citation Format: Obi L. Griffith, Yiing Lin, Malachi Griffith, Jasreet Hundal, Allison Regier, Robert Fulton, Elizabeth M. Brunt, Richard K. Wilson, William Chapman, Elaine R. Mardis. Genomic and transcriptomic somatic alterations of hepatocellular carcinoma in non-cirrhotic livers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5181. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5181
Pulmonary Embolism as an Indicator of Occult Malignancy
Authors: NEETIN PATEL, ARTHUR Z. KRASNOW, B DAVID COLLIER, ROBERT S. HELLMAN, ALI T. ISITMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A case that demonstrates the relationship between malignancy and pulmonary throboembolic disease is presented. Pulmonary embolism, which was diagnosed on a ventilation-perfusion lung scan, initiated a search for the etiology of this condition. Normal examination of the deep venous system of the legs prompted further investigation, which ultimately led to the endoscopic diagnosis of poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma.
STUDIES ON PIGMENT WITH THE DOPA-REACTION, ESPECIALLY IN CASES OF VITILIGO.*
Authors: ARNE KISSMEYER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1920)

Journal Article STUDIES ON PIGMENT WITH THE DOPA‐REACTION, ESPECIALLY IN CASES OF VITILIGO. Get access ARNE KISSMEYER ARNE KISSMEYER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 32, Issue 5, 1 May 1920, Pages 156–162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1920.tb09744.x Published: 01 May 1920