tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon-gamma differentially regulates interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production in leprosy.
Authors: D H Libraty, L E Airan, K Uyemura, D Jullien, B Spellberg, T H Rea, R L Modlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The ability of monocytes to influence the nature of the T cell response to microbial pathogens is mediated in part by the release of cytokines. Of particular importance is the release of IL-12 and IL-10 by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage upon encountering the infectious agent. IL-12 promotes cell mediated immunity (CMI) to intracellular pathogens by augmenting T-helper type 1 responses, whereas IL-10 downregulates these responses. The ability of IFN-gamma to modulate the balance between IL-12 and IL-10 production was examined by studying leprosy as a model. In response to Mycobacterium leprae stimulation, IFN-gamma differentially regulated IL-12 and IL-10 production resulting in upregulation of IL-12 release and downregulation of IL-10 release. Furthermore, we determined that the mechanism by which IFN-gamma downregulates IL-10 was through the induction of IL-12. The data suggest a model of lymphocyte-monocyte interaction whereby the relative presence or absence of IFN-gamma in the local microenvironment is a key determinant of the type of monocyte cytokine response, and hence the degree of CMI in the host response to infection.
Early effects of intravenous terbutaline on cardiopulmonary function in chronic obstructive bronchitis and pulmonary hypertension.
Authors: R M Jones, R A Stockley, J M Bishop
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Terbutaline sulphate (0.25 mg) was given intravenously to 10 recumbent patients with severe irreversible airflow obstruction and pulmonary hypertension who were undergoing right heart catheterisation. Alveolar ventilation index, cardiac index, and mean pulmonary artery pressure all rose significantly at 5 minutes and then fell by 35 minutes, although the first two remained higher than control levels. This was accompanied by a small but significant rise in arterial oxygen tension at 5 minutes. There were no significant changes in ventilation-perfusion relationships at either 5 or 35 minutes.
STUDIES ON ANAPHYLAXIS WITH POLLEN
Authors: Clarence Bernstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. Guinea pigs injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously with extract of the pollen of burweed marsh-elder in relatively small amounts did not show anaphylactic response to intravenous shock doses of this material 3 weeks later. 2. If, however, the animals were sensitized with horse serum either before, or along with the same pollen injections, they could then be shocked after an interval of 3 weeks with pollen extract alone. 3. The possible rôle of this underlying sensitivity is discussed.
Early Detection of Breast Cancer
Authors: W. Albert Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To  Editor.—  In  recent report of  Council on Scientific Affairs 1 on early detection of breast cancer, emphasis is appropriately placed on self-examination as one of  most effective methods for  detection of small tumors of  breast. Although women are told that they should examine their breasts every month, most women find difficulty in determining  date that they will most likely remember.  For over 30 years, I have recommended to women that  best date for self-examination of  breast is the day  telephone bill comes. In view of  fact that over 96% of American homes have telephones (and therefore receive phone bills!), this external prompting is an extraordinarily effective reminder to  woman that she should examine herself.  The telephone company NEVER forgets to send  bill (women might forget to check themselves, however). Most women will have 13 periods annually, and
Pulmonary Embolism Complicating Trypsin Therapy
Authors: Bert Seligman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE therapeutic use of trypsin in acute inflammation with rapid subsidence of the process, and the later thrombolytic changes that it produces, has been extensively and admirably studied and discussed by Innerfield, Angrist and Schwarz.† This paper mentions that pulmonary emboli did not develop in any of the patients with thrombophlebitis treated with trypsin. The thought that trypsin, by initiating a fibrinolytic reaction, would prevent embolization was an interesting one, but short lived. In the following case of iliofemoral thrombophlebitis on the left, pulmonary embolism occurred during trypsin therapy.Case ReportR. W., a 40-year-old man, was admitted to the . . .
Increased Red-Cell Sodium-Lithium Countertransport in Normotensive Sons of Hypertensive Parents
Authors: James W. Woods, Ronald J. Falk, A. Wayne Pittman, Philip J. Klemmer, Billie S. Watson, Kadambari Namboodiri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

MOST investigators would agree that both heredity and environment are important determinants in the development of essential hypertension. Among the environmental factors, dietary sodium has a prominent but incompletely defined role. Familial aggregation of levels of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been confirmed, but the mode of inheritance is debated. Pickering assembled evidence supporting polygenic inheritance and a unimodal, rather than bimodal, distribution of blood pressure in large populations.1 Attempts to find an inherited prehypertensive defect or a genetic marker for essential hypertension have not yielded conclusive results. Recently the study of cation transport across red-cell membranes has . . .
Long-Term Urban Particulate Air Pollution, Traffic Noise, and Arterial Blood Pressure
Authors: Kateryna Fuks, Susanne Moebus, Sabine Hertel, Anja Viehmann, Michael Nonnemacher, Nico Dragano, Stefan Möhlenkamp, Hermann Jakobs, Christoph Kessler, Raimund Erbel, Barbara Hoffmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Recent studies have shown an association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) with transient increases in blood pressure (BP), but it is unclear whether long-term exposure has an effect on arterial BP and hypertension.
Colonoscopic Manifestations of Primary Colorectal Lymphoma
Authors: M.-H. Wang, J-M. Wong, H.-C. Lien, C.-W. Lin, C.-Y. Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Little is known about the colonoscopic manifestation of colorectal lymphoma. This article describes the use of colonoscopy for diagnosis of primary colorectal lymphoma.
The Functions of MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Wenwen Jia, Wen Chen, Jiuhong Kang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense promise for regenerative medicine due to their abilities to self-renew and to differentiate into all cell types. This unique property is controlled by a complex interplay between transcriptional factors and epigenetic regulators. Recent research indicates that the epigenetic role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is an integral component of this regulatory network. This report will summarize findings that focus on two classes of regulatory ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the induction, maintenance and directed differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs. Manipulating these two important types of ncRNAs would be crucial to unlock the therapeutic and research potential of pluripotent stem cells.
THE TOXIC FACTORS IN EXERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC SHOCK. VI. THE TOXIC INFLUENCE OF THE BACTERIAL FLORA, PARTICULARLY CLOSTRIDIUM WELCHII, IN EXUDATES OF ISCHEMIC MUSCLE 1
Authors: A. Pope, P. C. Zamecnik, J. C. Aub, A. M. Brues, R. J. Dubos, I. T. Nathanson, A. L Nutt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)

As has been shown in previous reports from this laboratory (10, 25, 75), toxic effects re- sembling traumatic shock have been observed following the intravenous injection of fluids exuding from-dog muscles after prolonged ischemia.The fact that 28 per cent of these fluids were highly toxic, whereas the remainder seemed harm- less, strongly suggested that their toxic effects were not due to the presence of intracellular sub- stances lost as the result of cell damage (70).For the same reason, it appeared doubtful that the occasional toxic effects were caused by break- down products of muscle cell constituents resulting from ischemia, since the experimental conditions were all approximately identical.Attention has been directed, therefore, to the one constituent of these fluids which was obviously highly variable, namely, the bacterial flora.Another bit of indirect evidence pointed in this direction.On several occasions, dog muscle tissue was excised and minced with sterile precautions and incubated in sterile dog plasma at 370 C., for 5 hours.The plasma was then separated by cen- trifugation and injected intravenously into recipi- ent dogs.Such material was invariably toxic, rapidly producing a shock-like state and death, and it was always infected with micro-organisms which on direct smear were seen to be large gram-positive rods.However, if a mixture of blended dog muscle and plasma were sterilized by passage through a Seitz filter before incubation,
Malignant and benign forms of atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier-Degos disease): systemic involvement determines the prognosis
Authors: A. Theodoridis, A. Konstantinidou, E. Makrantonaki, C.C. Zouboulis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier-Degos disease) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology. The cutaneous signs--papular skin lesions with central porcelain-white atrophy and surrounding telangiectatic rim--are almost pathognomonic. Extracutaneous, systemic involvement includes multiple limited infarcts of the gastrointestinal system, central nervous system and other organs.To assess prospectively the demographics, epidemiological data and prognosis of patients with atrophic papulosis evaluated in a single centre.A prospective, single-centre, cohort study at diagnosis was performed on a series of 39 patients with atrophic papulosis, first seen between 2000 and 2007 and evaluated up to 2012.The occurrence of cutaneous lesions defined the onset of disease in all cases. The mean age of onset was 35.4 ± 12.3 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1 : 1.4. In total, 9% of patients reported familial occurrence. Extracutaneous (systemic) signs were recorded in 29% of the patients, whereas the median time for development of systemic manifestations was 1 year (0.03-0.97 quantiles: 0-7 years) after the occurrence of cutaneous lesions. The prognosis was determined mainly by the presence of systemic involvement. 73% of the patients with systemic manifestations (73% developed intestinal perforation) died, while none of the patients with only cutaneous disease had a lethal outcome. The cumulative 5-year survival rate in patients with systemic disease was 54.5%.Atrophic papulosis, previously called malignant atrophic papulosis, should be classified into a malignant, systemic form and a benign, cutaneous one, the latter being more common. The probability of having a benign form of the disease at onset is approximately 70%, increasing to 97% after 7 years of monosymptomatic cutaneous course.
Biliary abnormalities associated with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction
Authors: Mohammed Sultan Khuroo, Ghulam Nabi Yattoo, Showkat Ali Zargar, Gul Javid, Mohammed Yousuf Dar, Bashir Ahmed Khan, Mohammed Iqbal Boda
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We prospectively studied 21 consecutive patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction for evidence of biliary tract disease. Two patients were first seen with extrahepatic cholestasis; another had recurrent cholangitis. All three patients with clinically manifest biliary disease were adults. Another five patients had icterus on clinical examination. Liver function tests revealed elevated bilirubin levels in 14 patients (66.6%), elevated alkaline phosphatase levels in 17 (80.9%) and elevated serum ALT levels in 8 (38.0%). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed abnormal findings in 17 patients (80.9%). The changes involved the common bile duct (66.6%) more often than they did the hepatic bile ducts (38.1%). Cholangiographic abnormalities included strictures (52.4%), caliber irregularity (23.8%), segmental upstream dilatation (42.8%), ectasia (9.5%), collateral veins causing extraluminal bile duct impressions (14.3%), displacement of ducts (9.5%), angulation of ducts (4.7%) and pruning of intrahepatic ducts (9.5%). The pathogenesis of such cholangiographic abnormalities is unknown. However, possible factors in such changes include collateral veins bridging the blocked portal vein, causing bile duct impressions; fibrous scarring of porta hepatis, causing angulation of bile duct; and ischemic injury to bile duct, leading to stricture formation and caliber irregularity. Biliary disease is important in the clinical outcome of patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction because variceal sclerotherapy has prolonged the life expectancies of such patients.
IL-7 administration drives T cell–cycle entry and expansion in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Irini Sereti, Richard M. Dunham, John Spritzler, Evgenia Aga, Michael A. Proschan, Kathy Medvik, Catherine A. Battaglia, Alan L. Landay, Savita Pahwa, Margaret A. Fischl, David M. Asmuth, Allan R. Tenorio, John D. Altman, Lawrence Fox, Susan Moir, Angela Malaspina, Michel Morre, Renaud Buffet, Guido Silvestri, Michael M. Lederman
Journal: Blood (2009)
Rapid response of IgA pemphigus of subcorneal pustular dermatosis type to treatment with isotretinoin
Authors: Claus Gruss, Detlef Zillikens, Takashi Hashimoto, Masayuki Amagai, Maximilian Kroiss, Thomas Vogt, Michael Landthaler, Wilhelm Stolz
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
Persistence of Autoreactive IgA-Secreting B Cells Despite Multiple Immunosuppressive Medications Including Rituximab
Authors: Yong He, Michiko Shimoda, Yoko Ono, Itzel Bustos Villalobos, Anupam Mitra, Thomas Konia, Sergei A. Grando, John J. Zone, Emanual Maverakis
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Immunobullous diseases mediated by IgA are often difficult to manage, but to date no mechanism has been proposed. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated good efficacy in the treatment of refractory mucous membrane pemphigoid. However, not all cases of mucous membrane pemphigoid respond to rituximab. Herein we present a case of treatment-refractory mucous membrane pemphigoid and propose a mechanism to explain the lack of response to therapy.Before treatment, direct immunofluorescent examination of a biopsy sample from the patient's perilesional skin demonstrated linear deposition of IgG and IgA along the dermoepidermal junction. After a multidrug immunosuppressive regimen that included rituximab, results of a second biopsy demonstrated only IgA along the dermoepidermal junction. This finding correlated well with flow cytometry data from the same patient that demonstrated a persistent population of IgA-secreting plasmablasts/plasma cells, despite depletion of CD20⁺ cells. In addition, results of immunohistochemical analysis of the perilesional skin remained positive for CD19 and CD138 immune cells (plasmablast/plasma cell markers).These findings suggest that current available immunosuppressive medications, including rituximab, cannot eliminate IgA-secreting plasmablasts/plasma cells, which are likely central to the pathophysiology of IgA-mediated immunobullous diseases. Future studies are needed to develop alternative therapeutic strategies that target autoreactive IgA-secreting plasmablasts/plasma cells.
Is the Steroid Ulcer a Myth?
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Corticosteroids, after all, do lead to ulcers in the stomach and duodenum, according to Messer and his colleagues in this issue of the Journal.1 Their confirmation of that much-buffeted notion makes opportune some historical, clinical, and statistical animadversions.The idea that steroids might lead to such ulcers did not owe its origin, as they suggest, simply to the "accumulation of early anecdotal reports. . . ." Instead, it was an expectation that stemmed from Selye's observations of the alarm reaction and how stress produced acute ulcers.2 In the late 1940s, ACTH and compound F seemed to be the physiologic . . .
Primary Tumor Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) Measured on Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) is of Prognostic Value for Survival in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (MA) by the European Lung Cancer Working Party for the IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project
Authors: Thierry Berghmans, Michèle Dusart, Marianne Paesmans, Claude Hossein-Foucher, Irene Buvat, Catherine Castaigne, Arnaud Scherpereel, Céline Mascaux, Michel Moreau, Martine Roelandts, Stéphane Alard, Anne-Pascale Meert, Edward F. Patz, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
644. Gene Delivery for Chronic Pain Control: Micrcroencapsulated Plasmid DNA Encoding the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Gene, Interleukin-10 (IL-10)
Authors: Erin D. Milligan, Melissa J. Mahoney, Stephen J. Langer, Travis Hughes, Evan M. Sloane, John Mahoney, Brian Jekich, Pedro E. Cruz, Terence R. Flotte, Steve F. Maier, Kirk W. Johnson, Leslie A. Leinwand, Raymond A. Chavez, Linda R. Watkins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Chronic pain control is a major unresolved clinical problem. Spinal cord astrocytes & microglia are critically involved in the creation & maintenance of diverse enhanced pain states via the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production & activity. We have previously shown that administration of IL-10 protein directly or via a viral vector encoding it into the spinal cord (intrathecal, i.t.) reverses neuropathic pain in the rat; although direct administration of IL-10 protein showed a very short-term reversal. We sought to determine whether neuropathic pain (hypersensitivity to light touch [allodynia] produced by chronic constriction injury [CCI] of the sciatic nerve) could be reversed by: 1) single or repeated i.t. delivery of naked plasmid DNA encoding rat IL-10 (pIL10), 2) single or repeated i.t. delivery of pIL10 treated with the cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI- pIL10), and 3) single or repeated i.t. pIL10 encapsulated in micro-particles prepared from FDA-approved biodegradable copolymers of polylactide and polyglycolide (PLGA) (PLGA- pIL10). Lastly, we examined whether i.t. rhodamine-labeled PLGA-micro-particles could be visualized in spinal cord using confocal microscopy in naive rats. Behavioral measures were assessed prior to & at 3 & 10 days post CCI. I.t. injections were given on day 10 post-CCI, consisting of pIL10 (100 ug/injection), control plasmid encoding jellyfish green fluorescent protein (pGFP; 100 ug/injection), vehicle (3% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline), PEI- pIL10 (10 ug/injection) or PLGA- pIL10 (350 ug PGLA/injection). For repeated injections, a 2nd injection was given on day 13. Allodynia was reassessed every 1 to 4 days. Allodynia was stable in control treated rats but was reversed (prolonged reversal lasting 40+ days), in rats given 2 i.t. injections of: 1) pIL10 2) PEI- pIL10 & 3) PLGA-IL10. Single i.t. injections of pIL10, PEI- pIL10 or PLGA- pIL10 produced a brief 3-6 day reversal of allodynia. Importantly, rhodamine-labeled PLGA-micro-particles were visible immediately & at 3 days after i.t. injection. Ongoing studies using i.t. rhodamine-labeled PLGA-micro-particles (either without DNA or with pGFP DNA) are aimed at examining the spread, the distribution in superficial spinal cord or deeper parenchymal layers & gene expression. This approach to pain control represents a dramatic departure from all other available therapies. Support: Avigen & NIH HL56510, DA015656, DA018156 & DA015642.
Predicting and preventing sudden death from cardiac causes.
Authors: J K Gilman, S Jalal, G V Naccarelli
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Sudden cardiac death usually occurs secondary to a ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Even under ideal circumstances only 20% of patients who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survive to hospital discharge. Therefore, aggressive treatment and screening of high-risk patients are mandatory to improve survival rates. Risk stratification of high-risk patients, such as the post-myocardial infarction (MI) population, has been of limited value. Between 70% and 85% of "high-risk" post-MI patients, as defined by these screening tests, will not have a sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmia over several years of follow-up. The use of beta-blockers and possibly amiodarone may have some benefit in reducing mortality in high-risk patients after an MI. Several ongoing trials are studying the use of serial drug testing, amiodarone, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in reducing the incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmias. Although implantable cardioverter-defibrillators appear to be superior to antiarrhythmic drugs in reducing sudden cardiac death, total mortality may not be altered. In sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias, sotalol and amiodarone appear to be superior to other drugs in preventing arrhythmia recurrence. Ongoing trials, such as the Antiarrhythmic Drug versus Implantable Device (AVID) trial may define the best strategy in these high-risk patients.
Longitudinal Noninvasive Imaging of Progesterone Receptor as a Predictive Biomarker of Tumor Responsiveness to Estrogen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Szeman Ruby Chan, Amy M. Fowler, Julie A. Allen, Dong Zhou, Carmen S. Dence, Terry L. Sharp, Nicole M. Fettig, Farrokh Dehdashti, John A. Katzenellenbogen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether longitudinal functional PET imaging of mammary tumors using the radiopharmaceuticals [18F]FDG (to measure glucose uptake), [18F]FES [to measure estrogen receptor (ER) levels], or [18F]FFNP [to measure progesterone receptor (PgR) levels] is predictive of response to estrogen-deprivation therapy. Experimental Design: [18F]FDG, [18F]FES, and [18F]FFNP uptake in endocrine-sensitive and -resistant mammary tumors was quantified serially by PET before ovariectomy or estrogen withdrawal in mice, and on days 3 and 4 after estrogen-deprivation therapy. Specificity of [18F]FFNP uptake in ERα+ mammary tumors was determined by competition assay using unlabeled ligands for PgR or glucocorticoid receptor (GR). PgR expression was also assayed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The levels of [18F]FES and [18F]FDG tumor uptake remained unchanged in endocrine-sensitive tumors after estrogen-deprivation therapy compared with those at pretreatment. In contrast, estrogen-deprivation therapy led to a reduction in PgR expression and [18F]FFNP uptake in endocrine-sensitive tumors, but not in endocrine-resistant tumors, as early as 3 days after treatment; the changes in PgR levels were confirmed by IHC. Unlabeled PgR ligand R5020 but not GR ligand dexamethasone blocked [18F]FFNP tumor uptake, indicating that [18F]FFNP bound specifically to PgR. Therefore, a reduction in FFNP tumor to muscle ratio in mammary tumors predicts sensitivity to estrogen-deprivation therapy. Conclusions: Monitoring the acute changes in ERα activity by measuring [18F]FFNP uptake in mammary tumors predicts tumor response to estrogen-deprivation therapy. Longitudinal noninvasive PET imaging using [18F]FFNP is a robust and effective approach to predict tumor responsiveness to endocrine treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 21(5); 1063–70. ©2014 AACR.