tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo analyses of early events in acute graft-versus-host disease reveal sequential infiltration of T-cell subsets
Authors: Andreas Beilhack, Stephan Schulz, Jeanette Baker, Georg F. Beilhack, Courtney B. Wieland, Edward I. Herman, Enosh M. Baker, Yu-An Cao, Christopher H. Contag, Robert S. Negrin
Journal: Blood (2005)
Judges Ban Abortion Ban
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary heart disease and elderly people.
Authors: E Morrison, C D Fletcher, M G Dunnigan, B F Allam
Journal: BMJ (1991)

199 500).Consumption fell from 9 81 litres of pure alcohol per adult to 9 47 litres.3The categorical statement that "as affordability increases so does consumption and vice versa" is simply not true.The figure opposite this statement shows that during 1985-9 affordability increased sharply while consumption levelled off and then fell.Anderson is rather scornful of current education campaigns that focus on sensible drinking because they may be counterproductive to his favoured population approach, which seems to entail elements of compulsion.In the Health ofthe Nation the government accepts that, in the end, people cannot be coerced into good health and that imposed strategies are valueless.The key seems to be education and not coercion that is based on flawed statistics and statistical reasoning.
Surveillance in Barrett’s Oesophagus: Will a Strategy Focused on a High-Risk Group Reduce Mortality from Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma?
Authors: R. Quera, K. O’Sullivan, E. M. Quigley
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background and Study Aims: The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has increased significantly in recent years. While surveillance of people with Barrett's oesophagus, its usual precursor, has been advocated in order to detect dysplasia and early cancer in those considered to be at greatest risk, the impact of such a strategy on survival from oesophageal adenocarcinoma is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of surveillance on mortality from oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a group of patients considered to be at high risk of developing Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: After performing a Medline search of the literature published between 1985 and 2004 for studies on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Barrett's oesophagus and adenocarcinoma, we examined the impact of surveillance on mortality from oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a hypothetical sample of 100 high-risk patients (men aged over 50 with Barrett's oesophagus but without high-grade dysplasia at entry). Results: Four patients in this high-risk group developed adenocarcinoma during surveillance, with survival rates of 78.9 % (95 %CI 64.9 % - 88.5 %) at 2 years and 78.6 % (95 %CI 62.8 % - 89.2 %) at 5 years. Meanwhile, between 515 and 2060 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were not detected or surveyed by this strategy and between 16 and 61 of these developed adenocarcinoma, with much lower survival rates of 37.1 % (95 %CI 25.4 % - 50.3 %) at 2 years and 16.7 % (95 %CI 9 % - 28.3 %) at 5 years. Although surveillance in the high-risk group resulted in the long-term survival of three patients who would not otherwise have survived, this gain was dramatically offset by the 13 to 51 patients, excluded from surveillance by this strategy, who died from oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: A surveillance programme based on current concepts of risk cannot have an impact on mortality from oesophageal adenocarcinoma. To be effective, it will be necessary for surveillance programmes to utilise more precise methods for the identification of those who are most at risk of progression to adenocarcinoma.
Pay It Forward
Authors: Suraiya Simi Rahman
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occurrence of Positive Coombs Test in Patients Treated with Levodopa
Authors: Clifford Joseph
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

CAHAL,1 in 1966, described the occurrence of hemolytic anemia in a patient being treated for hypertension with S,L-alpha-methyldopa. Since then, over 100 reports of positive Coombs test or hemolytic anemia associated with methyldopa therapy have appeared. With the introduction of D,L-dopa and later of levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the question arose whether these compounds might provoke similar reactions. Cotzias2 reported in 1969 that four out of 43 patients treated with D,L-dopa and levodopa over a period of 3 1/2 years had shown positive direct Coombs tests without the development of hemolysis.The multicenter collaborative study of levodopa . . .
Doctors and the test ban: 25 years on.
Authors: A. Haines, M. Hartog
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Events leading up to the signing of the partial test ban treaty in 1963 are traced from the first public concern about nuclear testing in 1954 when a hydrogen bomb was detonated in the Pacific, through Albert Schweitzer's 1957 appeal for a ban on nuclear tests; agreements between the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom to start formal negotiations; growth in medical and scientific concern in the early 1960s; to the impetus provided by the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962. Arguments for and against a comprehensive test ban treaty are discussed. Current activity by doctors and health professionals grows out of the successful campaign waged by doctors and scientists against atmospheric testing and is held to constitute a uniquely important exercise in primary prevention.
[353] ADHESION OF IN VITRO GENERATED DENDRITIC CELLS TO HUMAN HEPATIC ENDOTHELIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF FLUID FLOW
Authors: S.M. Curbishley, A.I. Aspinall, J. Youster, W.K. Lai, D.H. Adams, A. Di Sario, A. Omenetti, C. Candelaresi, E. Bendia, S. Cascinu, H.W. Kleemann, G. Fava, A. Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
TECHNIC FOR SEALING BACTERIOLOGIC MEDIUMS
Authors: Hiram Fried
Journal: JAMA (1928)

In small laboratories where an attempt is made to keep all sorts of bacteriologic mediums on hand for any type of emergency that might arise, and also in large laboratories, where great quantities of mediums must be kept on hand, it has always been a problem to keep the medium from drying, and to prevent those embarrassing occasions when a particular kind of medium would be of use but is found either spoiled or dried to such an extent that it is useless. Many methods have been used to prevent evaporation of moisture. Placing the medium in the icebox, using silver foil or rubber caps, or plugging the mouth of the tube with paraffin have been used by a great many workers. All these methods seem to have a great many disadvantages. The icebox will not keep medium more than a few months before it is infected and dried. Silver foil is
Safety of 2-agonists: a 50-year debate closed?
Authors: J. Bousquet, A. Bourdin, P. Demoly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

The safety of β2-agonists has been questioned since their introduction in the late 1950s. Hundreds of papers have been published on short- and long-acting inhaled products, and the debate still persists. Is it time to close the debate with current evidence?

The introduction of isoproterenol forte, a poorly selective inhaled short-acting β2-agonist (SABA), was associated with an epidemic of asthma deaths in the UK, Australia and the USA [1]. Trends in deaths were parallel to the increased consumption of this SABA and many concluded that SABAs had a cardiac toxicity or induced an acquired resistance [2]. In fact, most deaths occurred in patients who stopped oral corticosteroids and this was further associated with asthma deaths.

M. Sears and co-workers were at the forefront of the second debate on deaths of asthmatic children [3, 4]. This was initially attributed to fenoterol (SABA) [5], and then to an inappropriate management of patients, including the lack of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use [6]. Moreover, fenoterol was used more often by severe asthma patients and, after adjusting for differences in baseline risk, it did not increase the risk of severe exacerbations [7].

Due to the concerns regarding SABA safety, a UK nationwide surveillance study compared the safety of salmeterol with salbutamol in asthmatic patients [8]. In 16 787 patients treated with salmeterol for 16 weeks, 54 deaths and 12 deaths from asthma occurred (0.07%). The interpretation of the study was questioned by Sears and Taylor [9]. The complete study of 15 407 patients observed for over 1 year did not find that salmeterol was associated with asthma deaths [10].

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requested a confirmation of …
Unilateral Absent Lung Perfusion in Marfanʼs Syndrome
Authors: VAHINI V. NAIDOO, ALLISON J. HORSELL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A patient with Marfan's syndrome and old pulmonary tuberculosis had severe dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain of acute onset. The PaO2 was low. The clinical diagnosis was pulmonary embolus. Chest radiography showed a widened mediastinum (not seen previously), with fibrotic changes at the left apex, and an Ill-defined opacification at the right base. Ventilation-perfusion (VQ) imaging showed markedly reduced perfusion with preserved ventilation of the right lung. In the left lung, there were areas of reduced perfusion and poor ventilation suggesting parenchymal pathology, possibly due to old tuberculosis. The differential diagnosis included severe compression of the right pulmonary trunk due to an aortic arch aneurysm and massive pulmonary embolus causing almost total occlusion of the right pulmonary trunk. An echocardlogram confirmed a 10-cm dissecting aneurysm of the aortic arch, compressing the right pulmonary artery.
TREATMENT OF IRREDUCIBLE HERNIA.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: J. B. EAGLESON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

On looking up the literature at my command on the subject assigned me by the Chairman of our Section, I find that nearly all authors of surgical works lave been content to pass it by with very few words. A hernia is said to be irreducible when, while the circulation of the contained parts is not impaired or the passage of the feces obstructed, the contents of the sac can not be returned into the abdominal cavity. This form of hernia is usually of long standing and of quite large size. It may have one or more of several causes, which have been divided into the following general classes, viz., those depending on the shape of the contents of the sac; those depending an the existence of adhesions; and those depending on the condition of the sac itself. There is nearly always more or less omentum in the sac, in
Abstract LB-281: Inhibition of Hedgehog results in altered regulation of c-jun and of ERCC1 in cisplatin-resistant A2780-CP70 human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Kenji Kudo, Elaine Gavin, Shamik Das, Wesley Denny, Martine Jasmin, Lalita Shevde-Samant, Eddie Reed
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer stem cells are presumed to be highly resistant to chemotherapy. Activation of the Hedgehog pathway has been reported as necessary, for the cancer stem cell state. A key gene in the Hedgehog pathway is Gli1. Resistance to platinum compounds is due in part, to up-regulated nucleotide excision repair, NER. ERCC1 is a key marker for NER activity. Transcriptional control of ERCC1 occurs in part, through c-Jun. Upon treatment with cisplatin, cisplatin-resistant A2780-CP70 cells normally up-regulate c-jun and c-fos, which then up-regulate ERCC1 and other NER genes. More specifically, the c-jun Ser63/73 cascade is up-regulated, with up-regulation of activator protein 1 (Reed, JBC 1998). We studied the relationship between Gli1 expression, ERCC1 expression, and cisplatin resistance in the human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and A2780-CP70. A2780-CP70 cells are 10-15 fold more resistant to cisplatin than A2780 cells. We used two different probes to modulate the Hedgehog pathway: a) cyclopamine as a pharmacologic inhibitor of the Smoothened; and, b) an anti-Gli1 shRNA to specifically inhibit Gli1. At baseline, cisplatin-resistant cells, expressed &amp;gt; 10-fold more Gli1 protein than cisplatin-sensitive cells. In cisplatin-resistant cells, Gli1 protein was down-regulated in response to cyclopamine, and to anti-Gli1 shRNA. When A2780-CP70 cisplatin-resistant cells are pretreated with cyclopamine, or anti-Gli1 shRNA, the following events occur. The c-jun Thr91/93 cascade is upregulated, which is associated with pro-apoptotic processes. The c-jun Ser63/73 cascade is suppressed. This cascade is associated with pro-growth processes. If cisplatin is given after cyclopamine or anti-Gli1 pretreatment; Gli1 protein is down-regulated; the c-jun Thr91/93 cascade is upregulated; the c-jun Ser63/73 cascade is suppressed; and cells do not up-regulate ERCC1, XPD, or XRCC1. Thus, the normal cisplatin-induced up-regulation of these three genes involved in NER (ERCC1, XPD) and in base excision repair (XRCC1), is suppressed by suppression of the Hedgehog pathway. We conclude that Gli1 and/or other genes involved in the Hedgehog pathway (which is critical for cancer stem cells), may play key roles in the up-regulation of DNA repair genes, specifically in response to DNA damaging agents such as cisplatin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-281.
Selective Nerve Crush
Authors: W. Reid, J. K. Watt, T. G. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Virological evidence that there were still several poliovirus carriers in the school posed a serious admini- strative problem.Six of the children, having reached the age of 5, were due to be transferred on January 29 to three different primary schools.One of these six was a known carrier, and it was possible that some of the others were undetected carriers.We thought that the continuing presence of carriers in the nursery school would be unimportant but that spread of infection by transfer of these children to other schools was undesir- able.It was decided that no children from that nursery school (whether known carriers or not) were to be transferred to priAmAary schools, and no children (whether immniunized or not) were to be admitted to that nursery school, until poliovirus infection had died out.The Education Department co-operated fully, the parents raised no objection, and the restrictions remained in force until March 29, when we were able to say, from the results of the subsequent virological examinations, that the school was free from poliovirus infection.
The Effect of Diaphragmatic Attenuation on 201TI Images
Authors: DONALD G. GORDON, MATTHIAS PFISTERER, RICHARD WILLIAMS, STEPHEN WALASKI, WILLIAM ASHBURN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The effect of diaphragmatic attenuation on 231Ti images of the heart was studied by intermittent recording with patients in inspiration and expiration. These studies suggest that the commonly observed posteroinferior defects in the left lateral projection can be explained by this mechanism. Possible effects on the anterior view are also suggested.
Characterization by scanning transmission electron microscopy of silica particles from alveolar macrophages of coal miners.
Authors: L C Rainey, P Bolsaitis, B Dirsa, J B Vander Sande
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The structure and composition of silica-rich particles recovered by lavage from the lungs of three active miners with different medical histories were studied using high-resolution electron microscopy and chemical microanalysis. The results are compared to the similarly determined structure and composition of respirable-size mineral particles obtained from roof-bolter dust-box samples from two coal mines of widely different bulk quartz concentrations. The results show that the lungs of the miners contain silica-based particles with structures not found in the mine samples. Also, the particle structures and compositions found in the macrophages were different in each of the miners. The results suggest that possibility that intracellular processes may affect the susceptibility of individuals to silica-induced pneumoconioses.
Type 10 adenylyl cyclase mediates mitochondrial Bax translocation and apoptosis of adult rat cardiomyocytes under simulated ischaemia/reperfusion
Authors: Avinash Appukuttan, Sascha A. Kasseckert, Mustafa Micoogullari, Jan-Paul Flacke, Sanjeev Kumar, Alexandra Woste, Yaser Abdallah, Lutz Pott, H. Peter Reusch, Yury Ladilov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsApoptosis of cardiomyocytes significantly contributes to the development of post-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Although mitochondria have been suggested to play a crucial role in this process, the precise mechanisms controlling the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under ischaemia/reperfusion are still poorly understood. Here we aimed to analyse the role of the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC).
Acute Iliac-Artery Thrombosis
Authors: James F. Upson, Rodger E. Weismann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

AMONG the problems that occasionally confront the vascular surgeon are acute arterial thromboses. Such thrombi in the superficial femoral artery, superimposed on atherosclerosis, often lead to gangrene of the extremity and are probably the most common precipitating factor in that condition.1 An acute iliac-artery thrombosis, by contrast, is rare.The purpose of this paper is to present 5 cases of acute common-iliac-artery thrombosis, to define the factors responsible for acute iliac-artery occlusions and to determine the place of surgical therapy in this condition.MaterialDuring the years 1956–1961 the diagnosis of acute thrombosis of a common iliac artery was made . . .
Enhancement of tactile perception in palpation.
Authors: D Smith, E Craige
Journal: Circulation (1980)

We studied tactile perception in palpation of the precordium to determine the frequency response of the hand and to improve, if possible, the sensitivity of the hand as a transducer for precordial movement. The threshold of tactile sensation was determined for 10 subjects by manipulating the amplitude of movement of an impulse generator at each of a series of frequency settings in the subaudible range (1-40 Hz.) Relatively gross movements were necessary to achieve threshold in the lowest frequencies. A more than four-fold increase in sensitivity was obtained by restraining the fingers with the application of a light but unyielding disc to their dorsal surface. Clinical application of this device permitted the easy perception of a systolic thrust as well as a rapid filling wave in normal adult subjects over the right ventricle at the left sternal edge, an area generally considered to be motionless by conventional palpation.
The Paradox of Military Trauma and Emergency Care
Authors: Richard Carmona
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —During peacetime, military hospitals, for the most part, function as military community hospitals supporting their respective bases and geographic areas of responsibility with routine medical and surgical care. With few exceptions, most military hospitals see little major trauma or burns, or the sequelae of these problems. The overwhelming majority of significant trauma and burn patients seen today are cared for in civilian hospitals, some of which are trauma centers located throughout the United States. Although our national systems of trauma and emergency care are still growing and many communities still have poor or delayed access to advanced trauma and emergency care, we have progressed significantly since the end of the Vietnam war. Our current system of trauma and emergency care owes great credit to our wartime military experiences, especially those of Korea and Vietnam. There, we learned the lessons of the value of immediate prehospital care and
Contraceptive Use and the Poor: A Matter of Choice?
Authors: Duff Gillespie
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

From the “Health for All” declaration made at Alma Alta in 1978 to the recently created Commission on Social Determinants of Health, a recurrent theme is health equity, whereby all segments of society should have equal access to and reap the benefits of health-enhancing interventions [1,2]. Since 1978, a substantial literature has addressed health equity, much of it relating to the gap between the high rhetorical priority given health equity and its programmatic neglect [3]. Contrastingly, much less has been written about equity in family planning. The important article by Gakidou and Vayena in this issue of PLoS Medicine goes a long way toward filling this imbalance in attention [4].

Using Demographic and Health Surveys data from 55 developing countries, Gakidou and Vayena show that despite the overall increase in the use of modern contraceptives, the use among the poor remains quite low compared to the better-off segments of society. This difference in use rates among different groups is well known. While there is much to recommend this article, the authors' two main contributions is their documentation that the contraceptive use gap has persisted over time despite increases in gross domestic product (GDP) and showing the important role family planning services availability can play in closing this gap.