tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Matrix metalloproteinases in angiogenesis: a moving target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: William G. Stetler-Stevenson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Angiogenesis is the process in which new vessels emerge from existing endothelial lined vessels. This is distinct from the process of vasculogenesis in that the endothelial cells arise by proliferation from existing vessels rather than differentiating from stem cells. Angiogenesis is an invasive process that requires proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and, proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, as well as synthesis of new matrix components. During embryonic development, both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis contribute to formation of the circulatory system. In the adult, with the single exception of the reproductive cycle in women, angiogenesis is initiated only in response to a pathologic condition, such as inflammation or hypoxia. The angiogenic response is critical for progression of wound healing and rheumatoid arthritis. Angiogenesis is also a prerequisite for tumor growth and metastasis formation. Therefore, understanding the cellular events involved in angiogenesis and the molecular regulation of these events has enormous clinical implications. This understanding is providing novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer.
CATARACT EXTRACTION WITH MODIFIED IRIDOTOMY.
Authors: F. H. VERHOEFF
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The following operation seems to possess advantages not offered by any other method of cataract extraction. While thus far it has been performed in only a few cases, it has given satisfactory results in all. More extended experience with it may, of course, bring to light unforeseen objections, but this is not anticipated. <h3>THE OPERATION.</h3> The corneal incision is made in the usual manner, probably best at the limbus. The iris is then grasped with the iris forceps as near its root as possible and a small bit of tissue excised with scissors so as to leave a small hole in it (Fig. 1). The iris will immediately return to the anterior chamber of its own accord. De Wecker's small iris scissors, preferably with blunt pointed blades (Noyes' scissors will probably serve as well), are then introduced through the corneal incision, gently opened, and one blade passed downward through the
HISTORY OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY
Authors: R. Wartenberg
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Jan. 3, 1953, page 84, and also in<i>Neurology</i>(<b>3:</b>76 [Jan.] 1953) there are reviews of Dr. Ernest Sachs' book "The History and Development of Neurological Surgery." Everyone will agree with the praise sung there to Dr. Sachs. But attention should be called to a number of inaccuracies in the book that the reviewers failed to mention. Let us look at the text and simply quote. There is in Germany a Gesellschaft Naturforscher und Aerzte, but never has there been a "Gesellschaft naturforschender Aertze," (page 45). The name of the famed German neurologist was Lewandowsky, and not "Lewandovsky" (page 59). It is Richard Cassirer and not "Robert Cassirer" (page 59). To call the man "Robert Cassirer," is the same as speaking of Hans Cushing. It is Constantin von Monakow and not "Carl von Monakow," and he was Swiss and not German (page 59).
Schizophrenia: A disorder of affective consciousness
Authors: Dennis J. L. G. Schutter, Jack van Honk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Behrendt &amp; Young (B&amp;Y) propose an explanation for schizophrenia in terms of a cortical default in the interaction between consciousness and cognition. However, schizophrenia more likely involves miscommunication between subcortical and cortical affective circuits in the brain, a default in the interaction between consciousness and emotion. The typical “affective” nature of hallucinations in schizophrenia provides compelling evidence for subcortical involvement.
TCT-143 Twelve-Month Clinical Outcomes from the Optimal Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Following Treatment with Endeavor (Zotarolimus-Eluting Stent) in Real-World Japanese Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (OPERA) Study
Authors: Masato Nakamura, Masaki Awata, Takaaki Isshiki, Ken Kozuma, Miyahara Masatoshi, Satoshi Morita, Shinsuke Nanto, Nobuhiro Omura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Survival rates after heart attack improve in Canada; after stroke they remain steady
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Fewer Canadians are dying in hospital within 30 days of having a first heart attack than in the past, but the number of Canadians dying in hospital within 30 days of a first stroke is stable, a report has found.

Also, inhospital mortality within 30 days of admission with a new acute myocardial infarction or stroke differ significantly between men and women in Canada, the report from the Canadian Institute for Health Information says.

The institute's analysis shows that patients admitted to hospital with a new stroke were more likely to die within 30 days than patients admitted with …
“Idiopathic” ventricular tachycardia is not really idiopathic. Structural ventricular abnormalities detected by positron emission tomography
Authors: E.D. Engelstein, S.G. Sawada, G.D. Hutchins, S. Straka, R. Sehra, R.L. Fain, R. Amaravadi, W.M. Miles, D.P. Zipes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Gestational Diabetes — Whom Do We Treat?
Authors: David A. Sacks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

In 1964, O'Sullivan and Mahan1 proposed glucose-tolerance-test criteria to define gestational diabetes mellitus — that is, any degree of glucose intolerance that first occurs or is first identified during pregnancy. Women whose glucose levels exceeded these thresholds during an index pregnancy were recognized to be at increased risk for developing nongestational diabetes 8 years later. Subsequently, considerable data indicated that lowering glucose levels in women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with reduced rates of perinatal complications and death. However, many considered these data to be insufficient evidence to support treatment for gestational diabetes2,3; most . . .
William Clements Lathbury
Authors: Stephen L Collier
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Burton upon Trent (b Burton upon Trent 1925; q Birmingham 1947), d 25 November 2004.




Figure 1




After qualifying William Lathbury did his national service in the Royal Air Force in Africa, where he met his first wife, Joy. He returned to Burton, and took over a singlehanded practice with 4200 patients. In 1968 he organised a group practice with his cousin and cousin in law. The family atmosphere in the practice continues to this day. He retired in 1987. Predeceased by his first wife, Joy, he leaves his second wife, Margaret, and four sons by his first wife.
SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF TWO CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES BY PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Robert Austrian, Harriet P. Bernheimer, Evelyn E. B. Smith, George T. Mills
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Study of the capsular genome of pneumococcus has shown that it controls a multiplicity of biochemical reactions essential to the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide. Mutation affecting any one of several biochemical reactions concerned with capsular synthesis may result in loss of capsulation without alteration of other biochemical functions similarly concerned. Mutations affecting the synthesis of uronic acids are an important cause of loss of capsulation and of virulence by strains of pneumococcus Type I and Type III. The capsular genome appears to have a specific location in the total genome of the cell, this locus being occupied by the capsular genome of whatever capsular type is expressed by the cell. Transformation of capsulated or of non-capsulated pneumococci to heterologous capsular type results probably from a genetic exchange followed by the development of a new biosynthetic pathway in the transformed cell. The new capsular genome is transferred to the transformed cell as a single particle of DNA. Binary capsulation results from the simultaneous presence within the pneumococcal cell of two capsular genomes, one mutated, the other normal. Interaction between the biochemical pathways controlled by the two capsular genomes leads to augmentation of the phenotypic expression of the product controlled by one and to partial suppression of the product determined by the other. Knowledge of the biochemical basis of binary capsulation can be used to indicate the presence of uronic acid in the capsular polysaccharide of a pneurnococcal type the composition of the capsule of which is unknown.
Water quality problems in Nogales, Sonora.
Authors: R A Sanchez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

This article presents the results of a transboundary water quality monitoring program at the two Nogales area in the Arizona-Sonora border region. The program was carried out jointly in 1990 by U.S. and Mexican institutions. The results show pollution problems due to deficiencies in Nogales, Sonora municipal sewerage system, causing not only sewage spills in several parts of the city but also creating occasional transboundary problems. The results also showed potential illegal dumping of industrial hazardous waste (VOCs) into Nogales' municipal sewerage system. All of the organic compounds found in the sewage samples are solvents frequently used by the border industry. Occasional brakes of pipes spill the pollutants into the Nogales Wash, a water stream that runs parallel to Nogales' main sewerage line. Samples of the municipal water system showed no traces of pollutants. However, two rounds of samples detected concentrations of VOCs in wells used to supply water by trucks to low income neighborhoods in Nogales, Sonora. Ironically, the pollution detected in these wells has a greater impact in low income groups of the city that pay three to four times more per liter of water they consume, than the rest of the inhabitants with clean water from the municipal system.
Ethics With a View Into the Future
Authors: A. D. Landman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The case of Karen Ann Quinlan again focuses attention on the ethical and moral problems of scientific advances and technological innovation as applied to medical practice. But while individual practitioners and ethics committees of medical institutions regularly tackle these issues, occasionally some become exposed to the public media to provide subjects for controversy and debate. The system for assessing ethical issues depends essentially on ad hoc criteria, and the solutions are often examined retrospectively or as a reaction to a problem when it actually arises. When a case involving ethics rises abruptly, often there is not enough time to inquire into all aspects. It is realized that an ad hoc solution may not be a right or a general solution, particularly if there are emotional overtones. A more appropriate solution for ethical problems may only be derived if there is adequate time to investigate them thoroughly. This
Treatment of Babesiosis in Asplenic Patients
Authors: Allen B. Bredt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PROTOZOA of the genus<i>Babesia</i>are tick-borne intraerythrocytic parasites that are transmitted to many species of wild and domesticated animals. Human infection shows two different patterns dependent on immunologic status. In the host with an intact spleen, the infection either is asymptomatic<sup>1</sup>or causes a moderately severe, febrile, hemolytic illness.<sup>2</sup>However, these patients invariably recover with only symptomatic care. In contrast, splenectomized persons experience overwhelming intraerythrocytic infections with high fevers, severe toxic reactions, renal failure, and hepatic decompensation.<sup>3</sup>The outcome in these cases has frequently been fatal.<sup>4</sup>To date, no chemotherapeutic agent has been found to be active against this parasite in man.<sup>5</sup> We recently encountered a critically ill splenectomized patient with babesiosis who responded clinically to quinine sulfate treatment with prompt defervescence and rapid reduction in the level of parasitemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 36-year-old man entered the Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Panorama City,
ABSTRACT OF A PAPER ON THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT OF URINARY CONCRETIONS.
Authors: JOHN W. S. GOULEY
Journal: JAMA (1889)

In the examination of the several modes of treating urinary concretions, the question of their indications and contraindications is worthy of special attention, since adherence to a single procedure belongs to the medicine of a remote past. Modern medicine demands that preventive measures be taken in threatened calculous affection at the first sign of coming of hyperlithæmia; that when hyperlithuria exists, medicinal treatment be resorted to; that when calculi are formed, mechanical means be promptly applied for their removal; that when the calculi have been removed, the cure be accomplished by suitable after-treatment; and that when mechanical treatment is contraindicated, a judicious course of palliative treatment be adopted. Therefore the treatment of urinary concretions is now arranged into the preventive, medicinal, palliative, mechanical and post-mechanical treatment. <i>The preventive treatment</i>embraces hygienic, medicinal and mechanical means. The needed hygienic observances comprise diet, exercise, ablutions and raiment. The medicinal means of prevention
Radiation Exposure and Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Francis S. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

There are abundant experimental and clinical data to associate radiation exposure and thyroid cancer. The incidence of thyroid cancer increases with increasing doses of thyroidal radiation from 6.5 rads to 1,500 rads, but higher doses tend to destroy the gland and are associated with hypothyroidism rather than cancer. The peak occurrence of thyroid tumors is between five and 30 years after exposure, but a person may develop thyroid tumors as long as 50 years after irradiation. Multiple thyroidal lesions or disorders, including adenomas, thyroditis, and hypothyroidism as well as malignant neoplasms, can occur after radiation exposure. It is imperative, therefore, to study carefully all patients with a history of radiation exposure to the gland and to observe them carefully for life. Suggestions are made for the management of thyroid disease in these patients.
Correction of X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Disease by Transplantation of Cord-Blood Stem Cells
Authors: Marcus R. Vowels, Reg Lam-Po-Tang, Vasili Berdoukas, David Ford, Dominique Thierry, David Purtilo, Eliane Gluckman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease is characterized by vulnerability to diseases induced by the Epstein-Barr virus, including life-threatening infectious mononucleosis, hypogammaglobulinemia, aplastic anemia, and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is uniformly fatal by the age of 40 years1. Bone marrow transplantation has the potential to correct this defect and has been performed with HLA-matched family members or unrelated persons as donors. One patient had a return of serum IgG1 and IgG3 concentrations to normal but died of an adenovirus infection 84 days after bone marrow transplantation2. Two other patients died 23 and 60 days after bone marrow transplantation as a result . . .
Exploiting a Research Underclass in Phase 1 Clinical Trials
Authors: Carl Elliott, Roberto Abadie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

In November 1996, the Wall Street Journal reported that Eli Lilly was paying homeless alcoholics from a local shelter to participate in safety testing of new drugs at its trial site in Indianapolis.1 "These individuals want to help society," asserted Lilly's director of clinical pharmacology. The subjects, however, said they took part for easy money and free room and board. Although Lilly reportedly offered the lowest per diem in the business, it managed to attract poor subjects from all over the country.1 The medical director of the local Homeless Initiative Program said Lilly had created a "shadow economy" of paid . . .
Hepatitis and Pneumonia Associated with ECHO Virus, Type 9, Infection in Two Adult Siblings
Authors: LEOPOLD A. SCHLEISSNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two reports of pneumonia associated with ECHO virus type 9, infection in two adult siblings are presented. Other manifestations of this infection consisted of aseptic meningitis in the brother (J. P.) and hepatitis in his sister (C. P.). These patients were afflicted consecutively with febrile illnesses, and ECHO 9 virus was isolated from the pharyngeal secretions of both patients. A significant increase of the homologous neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in the serum of the second patient (C. P.), although not in her brother (J. P.), possibly because the acute phase serum was obtained too late in his illness. The need to consider enteroviruses as being associated with pneumonia, even in adults, is emphasized, and, like the group B, Coxsackie viruses, ECHO 9 viral pneumonia may be associated with pleurisy and pleurodynia in adults. The clinical features of the second case (Patient C. P.) would suggest that patients with an enterovirus infection should be investigated for associated liver involvement. Conversely, it appears that some patients with hepatitis might be found to have an associated specific enterovirus infection simultaneously, which should be investigated, particularly when other organ systems appear to be involved at the same time. At any rate, ECHO 9 virus should be listed as another of the so-called "candidate viruses" that can be associated with hepatocellular damage and liver function abnormalities, even in adults. Further study and clarification is needed to determine whether these "candidate viruses" have a true causal role in some forms of hepatitis.
The Ocular Fundus in Neurologic Disease: A Diagnostic Manual and Stereo Atlas
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This unique manual and atlas of the ocular fundus, the first of its kind, will prove valuable to all physicians responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. The material is highly practical and clinically oriented. The five major sections of the text consider papilledema, elevated disc anomalies confused with papilledema, disc swelling from local and systemic disease, the differential diagnosis of pallor of the optic discs, and combined disorders of retina and brain. Fourteen stereoscopic reels provide beautiful color photographs of the normal and abnormal fundus.  The design of the book combined with the reels provide an unusual method for study. The textual material and additional illustrations are placed on the left-hand pages. Black and white photographs of the stereo color reels and their description are placed on right hand pages. Although it is tempting to rush to the stereo reels, the book will prove most valuable if
IS RADIUM A CURE FOR CANCER?
Authors: L. Wickham
Journal: BMJ (1909)

IS RADIUM A CURE FOR CANCER ?[DEC.I8, I909.seven on the second.The organisms were then separated and grown in tubes, and were found to consist of:1. Staphtylococcus pyogenes albus (largest number of colonies). Diplococcus pneumoniae (Fraenkel).3. A bacillus whose specific nature was not determined.The amount of pUS was increasing daily, and as it seemed to be caused principally by the staphylococcus, I determined to try a vaccine against the staphylococcus alone, and if the other organisms did not disappear, to use vaccines against them later.On April 17th, 50 million staphylococcus vaccine (Wright) was injected into the left flank.For three days the pus diminished in amount, but gradually increased until on the sixth day the amount was as great as before injection.* On April24th, 100million staphylococcus vaccine was injected, and every tenth day a similar dose was given until he had had altogether eight injections.After the fourth dose there was no discharge, and the wound healed beautifully.Before injecting the vaccine I consulted with Dr. James Ritchie, Superintendent of the Royal College of Physicians' Laboratory, Edinburgh, as to whether a mixed vaccine should be given.It was decided to try the staphylococcus
TUBERCULAR LARYNGITIS; PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT.
Authors: THOMAS J. GALLAHER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

In considering the prognosis of tubercular laryngitis it is my desire to do so under three heads: 1. In regard to local lesions. 2. In regard to restoration of function. 3. In regard to life. Irrespective of the character of the local lesions it is impossible to give an abstract prognosis concerning them. Most careful consideration must be given the pulmonary and general condition of the patient. With extensive and rapidly breaking down pulmonary areas the the reparative process in the larynx may be<i>nil</i>, as it is in other parts of the body. With slight pulmonary involvement, general condition good, the prognosis is more favorable. Laryngeal manifestations seldom improve under any treatment unless the pulmonary and general conditions improve. With increased activity of the pulmonary disease, further infection of the larynx is likely to occur through the lymphatics and vessels or by direct infection of the bacilli in the sputum;
Abstract SY08-02: Gene regulatory network models identify targets for mammary tumor normalization
Authors: Amy Brock
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The majority of breast cancer therapeutics aim at slowing tumor expansion through selective killing of tumor cells. Given the enormous plasticity of cells (highlighted by recent advances in the iPS field), we have instead sought to induce a cell state transition from a mammary tumor cell phenotype to a normal mammary epithelial cell state. We have tackled the critical problem of identifying target genes for the normalization or differentiation of mammary tumor cells by employing a systems biology approach that integrates computational modeling with in vivo and in vitro studies. In vivo gene expression data of mammary tumor progression in the FVB C3(1) SV40Tag transgenic mouse model were collected at multiple time points as the disease progressed from normal gland to DCIS-like lesions to invasive carcinoma. Gene regulatory network models predicted novel transcription factor targets that appeared critical to the rise of the tumor phenotype. These putative gene targets were then assessed in a 3D spheroid assay. RNAi inhibition of two computationally predicted transcription factors reverted mammary tumor cells to a normalized mammary epithelial cell phenotype, with appropriate apical/basal polarization, lumen formation and reduced proliferative index. Validated targets were then tested in vivo. This integrated strategy has pinpointed transcription factors for RNAi therapeutic targeting in vivo but importantly, the method is not limited to breast cancer and may be useful for many different tumor types. In summary, our major advance has been the demonstration that a gene regulatory network reverse engineering approach can identify genes that are causatively involved in cancer progression and that represent viable therapeutic differentiation targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY08-02. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY08-02