tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
73 A MULTICENTER ANALYSIS OF ANTIVIRAL RESPONSE AFTER ONE YEAR OF TENOFOVIR MONO-THERAPY IN HBV-MONOINFECTED PATIENTS WITH PRIOR NUCLEOS(T)IDE ANALOG EXPERIENCE
Authors: F. van B¨ommel, R.A. de Man, K. Stein, D. Hüuppe, J. Petersen, P. Buggisch, H. Wedemeyer, C. Sarrazin, J. Trojan, W. B¨ocher, A. Erhardt, U. Spengler, J.G. Reijnders, H.E. Wasmuth, H.H. Feucht, B. Wiedenmann, T. Berg
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Size of pancreas in diabetes mellitus: a study based on ultrasound.
Authors: V Fonseca, L A Berger, A G Beckett, P Dandona
Journal: BMJ (1985)

reports have emphasised the severity of neurological and systemic disorder in patients with toxocaral meningoencephalitis.1 2 " Apart from neck stiffness our patient was surprisingly well with no evidence of encephalitis.Her diagnosis might have been that of an atypical viral meningitis had Romanovsky staining not been performed.We think that this investigation may be useful in culture negative meningi- tis when there are no signs of viral infection.Toxocara enzyme linked immunosorbent assay titres using T canis excretory-secretory products as antigen Acute serum Convalescent serum IgG 1/400 1/200 IgE 1/320 1/320 Anti-A agglutinins: IgM f A1 1/16 1/16 A, ~~1/8 1/8 IgGf A, 1/8192 1/4096 g VA,
Treatment of severe poisoning with slow release theophylline.
Authors: A N Laggner, G Kaik, K Lenz, W Druml, G Kleinberger
Journal: BMJ (1984)

centrations.4 The inhibitory effect of terfenadine in this study is consistent with observations reported with the inhaled antihistamine clemastine in exercise induced asthma.5 Obviously more detailed experimental and clinical studies will be required before terfenadine can be recommended for management of asthmatic patients.I thank Mrs Rita Jack for technical help and Dr J D F Lockhart of Merrell Pharmaceuticals Limited for supplies of the drug for the study.
Study shows new approach to managing sore throats
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2004)

By following current guidelines for the selective use of throat cultures and antibiotic treatment on the basis of positive rapid test or throat culture results only, doctors can reduce unnecessary use of antibiotics for pharyngitis, a recent study has shown.

Current guidelines for managing pharyngitis vary in their recommendations on antibiotic treatment and the need for laboratory confirmation of group A streptococcus. An estimated 6.7 million visits to a doctor are made by adults with a sore throat in the United States annually. Between 1989 and 1999, 70% of adults presenting with sore throat received an antibiotic prescription.

Dr Warren McIsaac of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, and …
PWE-153 Sincalide cholescintigraphy in patients with suspected gall-bladder dyskinesia: assessment of alternative functional parameters and possible role in patient selection
Authors: V Rao, E Papadopoulos, N Baqai, A Kaleem, G Wright, K Wedgwood
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF) from sincalide cholescintigraphy is frequently used as an index for referring patients with gallbladder dyskinesia for cholecystectomy. Many studies have reported the cut-off point used (GBEF ≤35%) to be arbitrary and a significant number of patients who undergo cholecystectomy on this criteria remain symptomatic even after surgery. The aim of this study is to examine alternative parameters for quantification of hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Methods 81 patients who were investigated with sincalide cholescintigraphy (including GBEFmax estimation) were reviewed at 6–18 months. GBEF at 10 min (GBEF10), peak emptying rate, time to peak emptying rate and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. These parameters were compared between the groups of patients remaining symptomatic and asymptomatic post-operatively and in those who did not undergo surgery. Student t test was used to compare group means. Results 40/81 patients had abnormal GBEFmax (≤35%). 31/40 patients underwent laproscopic cholecystectomy along with 10/41 patients with a normal GBEFmax. 12/41 patients (29%) remained symptomatic post-operatively. There were significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients of the surgery group for GBEF10 (13% vs 22%, p=0.03), peak emptying rate (−0.03 cpm2 vs −0.05 cpm2, p=0.01) and AUC (0.88 counts vs 0.81 counts. p=0.047). These parameters were more “normal” in those patients who benefited from surgery. No significant differences were found between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients from the non-surgery group or patients with normal vs abnormal histology. Conclusion Patients who remain symptomatic after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gall bladder dyskinesia have more abnormal values in the above mentioned alternative parameters implying an inherent abnormality in biliary tract function. Hence we propose that these parameters may be useful to identify patients with gall bladder dyskinesia who will benefit from cholecystectomy. Competing interests None declared.
CA 27.29 as a tumour marker for risk evaluation and therapy monitoring in patients with primary breast cancer.
Authors: PG Hepp, BK Rack, D Mouarrawy, U Groh, H Graf, T Göhler, D Finas, A Hönig, W Lichtenegger, H Sommer, W Janni
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2004 Background:&amp;#x2028; Several trials show that the use of tumor markers leads to an early diagnosis of tumor dissemination in breast cancer patients. Whether this improves the prognosis is still under discussion. In the SUCCESS Trial CA27.29 has been examined before and after adjuvant chemotherapy (n=3754).&amp;#x2028; Methods:&amp;#x2028; The SUCCESS Trial compares FEC-Docetaxel (Doc) vs. FEC-Doc-Gemcitabine (Doc-G) regime and two vs. five year treatment with Zoledronat in patients with primary breast cancer (N+ or high risk). CA27.29 has been measured with ST AIA-PACK Ca27.29 reagent using MUC-1 for AIA-600II (Tosoh Bioscience, Tessenderlo, Belgium). The cutoff for positivity of CA27.29 is 24 U/ml.&amp;#x2028; Results:&amp;#x2028; 2669 patients have been examined prospectively before and after chemotherapy. 22% of patients had a marker &amp;gt;24 U/ml (n=587, mean 19.00, range 3.04-410.00) before and 40% (n=1058, mean 23.34, range 2.70-330.76) after chemotherapy. The correlation between both values was significant (p&amp;lt;0.0005).&amp;#x2028; While 17% showed elevated CA27.29 before and after therapy, 5% patients changed from positive to negative for CA27.29 afterwards. 55% were negative before and after therapy whereas 23% became positive after treatment.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Before treatment the prevalence of elevated CA27.29 was equally distributed between the FEC-Doc and the FEC-Doc-G arm. After treatment 34.1% in the FEC-Doc arm showed an increased level vs. 45.6% in the FEC-Doc-G arm. The correlation analysis showed no significant coherence between hormonal status (ER: p&amp;lt;0.323; PR: p&amp;lt;0.078), HER2/neu status (p&amp;lt;0.308), Grading (p&amp;lt;0.565) and CA27.29 level. However, tumor size (p&amp;lt;0.020) and the nodal status (p&amp;lt;0.022) were significant associated with Ca27.29 levels.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion:&amp;#x2028; These results might indicate a close relation between Ca27.29 and tumour mass at primary diagnosis. Whether this marker will be useful for treatment monitoring will be shown by further follow-up in the Success-trial. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2004.
The extracellular deposition of mast cell products is increased in hypertrophic airways smooth muscles in allergic asthma but not in nonallergic asthma
Authors: K. Amin, C. Janson, G. Boman, P. Venge
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Bronchial asthma is characterized by airways smooth muscle hypertrophy and infiltration of mast cells in the bronchial mucosa. The aim of this investigation was to study the distribution of mast cells in different compartments in the bronchial mucosa of allergic and nonallergic asthma in relation to airways remodeling. Methods: Bronchial biopsies were obtained from 29 subjects with allergic and nonallergic asthma and healthy controls. The biopsies were stained for mast cells by means of the tryptase specific antibody AA1. Extracellular deposition of mast cell products were judged on a semi‐quantitative scale. Mast cells per mm 2 were counted in epithelium, lamina propria and the smooth muscle compartment. Smooth muscle was visualized by actin antibodies and the proportion of staining of the biopsy estimated. Laminin and tenascin layers were visualized by their respective antibodies. Results: Airways smooth muscle thickness was greater in allergic vs nonallergic asthma ( P &lt; 0.001). Mast cells were increased in all three compartments in both allergic and nonallergic asthma, with significantly higher numbers in smooth muscles in allergic asthma ( P &lt; 0.03). The extracellular deposition of mast cell products was more common in allergic than nonallergic asthma in lamina propria and smooth muscles ( P = 0.025; P = 0.002, respectively). In patients with allergic asthma the numbers of mast cells with extracellular deposition of mast cell products were significantly correlated to the thickness of the laminin and tenascin layers. Conclusion: Our results suggest that there are large differences between allergic and nonallergic asthmatics as to mast cell activation and airways smooth muscle thickness. Our data implies that mast cells are causally involved in structural alterations in allergic asthma.
Bronchial Obstruction after Pneumonectomy
Authors: Loren J Harris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

A 42-year-old woman underwent right pneumonectomy because of extensive parenchymal destruction due to tuberculosis. Five years after resection, she reported increasing shortness of breath, wheezing, and dyspnea on exertion. A computed tomographic scan of the chest revealed counterclockwise rotation of the mediastinum, with mediastinal shift and compression of the left-lower-lobe bronchus (LLLB) between the pulmonary artery and aorta (Panel A, arrow), features consistent with the post-pneumonectomy syndrome. Mediastinal repositioning was accomplished with the use of an intrapleural-tissue expander and saline-filled prosthesis. Panel B shows a patent left-lower-lobe bronchus (asterisk) and the saline-filled prosthesis in the right side of the chest . . .
Controlled Study of a New Inhalant in Asthma and Bronchitis
Authors: A. H. El-Shaboury
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Isoprenaline inhalant is effective in relieving minor attacks of asthma, but palpitations, dizziness, and headaches can be troublesome in some cases.An inhaler as efficient as isoprena- line, and without such side-effects, is desirable.A new sympathomimetic amine, isoetharine, was found to be as effec- tive as 1% isoprenaline without producing systemic upsets * Medical Registrar, St. David's Hospital, Cardiff.Bronchilator aerosol contains isoetharine 0.6%, phenylephrine hydro- chloride 0.125%, and thenyldiamine hydrochloride 0.05%.Each metered dose delivers isoetharine 350 jug., phenylephrine 70 ,ug., and thenyldiamine 30 Mg. 'Isoprenaline aerosol contains isoprenaline hydrochloride 0.25% w/w.Each metered dose delivers 125 ug. of isoprenaline hydrochloride.'Placebo aerosol contains 64% w/w propellant, 35.8 % alcohol, preserva- tive, saccharin, and essential oils as in both active inhalers.
WHO reports spike in number of avian flu cases
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2014)

There has been a spike in the number of cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9), with nearly 60 cases reported in China this month, the World Health Organization has confirmed.

As of 20 January WHO has reported 59 laboratory confirmed cases of the virus in humans since the beginning of the year, including three deaths. Among that number is a doctor, thought to be the first healthcare worker to die from the disease, …
Hepatic enzymic zonation: A reevaluation of the concept of the liver acinus
Authors: Wouter H. Lamers, Aage Hilberts, Erwin Furt, Jerry Smith, Geertruida N. Jonges, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Jan Willem Gaasbeek Janzen, Robert Charles, Antoon F. M. Moorman
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The distribution pattern of a periportal enzyme (carbamoylphosphate synthetase) and a pericentral enzyme (glutamine synthetase) in human and rat liver has provided an objective parameter to delineate the zonal boundaries of the liver acinus. On sections, the pericental zone (zone 3) is circular and discrete rather than star-like and reticular, as predicted by the acinar concept, whereas the periportal zone (zone 1) is reticular, i.e. contiguous between adjacent acini rather than discrete. Three-dimensionally, the composite of pericentral zones (the pericentral compartment) follows the branching pattern of the terminal hepatic (central) vein, whereas the composite of periportal zones (the periportal compartment) envelops the pericentral compartment as a three-dimensional network (reticulum). This modified concept that is based upon the three-dimensional distribution of hepatocyte-specific enzymes is supported by data from the literature regarding the three-dimensional angioarchitecture of the liver, the perfusion pattern of the liver and the three-dimensional pattern of tissue oxygenation. Hence, a-unified concept of the liver architecture that is based upon the observed distribution pattern of blood flow, of gene expression and of metabolism can be established.
Endothelial Cell “Memory” of Inflammatory Stimulation: Human Venular Endothelial Cells Store Interleukin 8 in Weibel-Palade Bodies
Authors: Barbara Wolff, Alan R. Burns, James Middleton, Antal Rot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-8, the prototype member of the C-X-C subfamily of chemokines, can be induced by diverse inflammatory stimuli in many cells, including endothelial cells (EC). Upon de novo synthesis, IL-8 localizes intracellularly in the Golgi apparatus, from where it is secreted. In addition to this constitutive secretory pathway, we describe a depot storage and separate regulated secretory pathway of IL-8 in EC. The prolonged stimulation of primary human EC with inflammatory mediators resulted in the accumulation of IL-8 in Weibel-Palade bodies, where it colocalized with von Willebrand factor. IL-8 was retained in these storage organelles for several days after the removal of the stimulus and could be released by EC secretagogues such as phorbol myristate acetate, the calcium ionophore A23187, and histamine. These findings suggest that storage of IL-8 in Weibel-Palade bodies may serve as the EC “memory” of a preceding inflammatory insult, which then enables the cells to secrete IL-8 immediately without de novo protein synthesis.
Bone mineral densitometry in clinical practice
Authors: A. Simmons, S. Barrington, M. J O'Doherty, A. J Coakley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

suggests to me that these registrars are ill informed.Summative assessment has been a component of training in the west of Scotland for three years, and the reliability and validity of the system have been widely reported.2-5The system being adopted throughout the United Kingdom is the one cur- rently used in the west of Scotland with a more detailed trainer's report.All regional advisers are aware of these developments; in addition to training the regional advisers, the west of Scotland's assessors have trained 582 regional assessors on the video and audit components of the package at eight courses arranged throughout the United Kingdom.This number represents an appreciable proportion of the organisers in the training establishment throughout the United Kingdom.This preparation has taken place throughout this year, and an information pack for all trainers and general practitioner registrars is now available.Any trainers or registrars who do not have this should contact their local regional adviser.The summative assessment package is robust and academically sound and has been adopted in a way that is fair for those taking part.I hope that this reassures all registrars who will take part in this important national test, which will give objective evidence of competence for independent practice.
Abstract 1027: Bcl-2 protected HNSCC cells from dasatinib-induced apoptosis
Authors: Yu-Chin Lin, Meng-Hsuan Wu, Kuen-Feng Chen, Ann-Lii Cheng, Ching-Chow Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a worldwide prevalent cancer with aggressive clinical courses and dismal outcomes. Incorporation of cetuximab, an antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor, had led to advance of treatment, but showed a modest efficacy. Therefore, new treatment for HNSCC is needed. Dasatinib, a Bcr-Abl and Src inhibitor, approved for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, was demonstrated to have activities for solid tumors. Here, we report the differential sensitivity of dasatinib for HNSCC cells and identify the possible molecular events. Material and method: HNSCC cells including Ca9-22, HSC3, UMSCC1, FaDu, and SAS were treated with dasatinib. Cell viability, apoptosis, and underlined signal transduction were evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. Results: Five HNSCC cells treated with dasatinib displayed differential sensitivities. Ca9-22 and HSC3 cells are the most sensitive cells in response to dasatinib and showed significant growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, FaDu and SAS cells are resistant to dasatinib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. UMSCC1 cells showed intermediate sensitivity to dasatinib; their growth was inhibited without induction of apoptosis. Src inhibition (Y416 dephosphorylation) was observed in all 5 cells treated with dasatinib. The growth inhibition of Ca9-22, HSC3, and UMSCC1 cells was correlated with inhibition of Akt and Erk activities, which is not observed in SAS and FaDu cells. In addition, anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 was increased in UMSCC1, FaDu, and SAS cells, but decreased in Ca9-22 and HSC3 cells. Therefore, the increases of bcl-2 in UMSCC1 may protect cells from dasatinib-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Bcl-2 plays a crucial role in dasatinib-induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells, providing a new therapeutic approach to target bcl-2 in HNSCC treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1027. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1027
Law and Medicine
Authors: Gerald T. Harpole
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalin the Nov 8 issue (<b>218</b>:934, 1971) in the LAW AND MEDICINE article on contributory negligence states in paragraph 1: "Excessive water pressure ruptured his eardrums." This is not true. I demand a retraction.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. CRYOPRECIPITATION OF SERA
Authors: Charles L. Christian, Wendell B. Hatfield, P. Harvey Chase
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1963)

Sera of normal human subjects, when refrigerated (O to 40 C), form negligible quantities of precipitate.A variety of pathologic states have been associated with serum cryoprecipitation: myelomatosis, Waldenstr6m's macroglobulinemia, lymphosarcoma, kala azar, bacterial endocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, periarteritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (1).Lerner, Watson, and Barnum suggested the term "cryoglobulins" for cold-precipitable elements of sera and established quantitative criteria for their studies (2, 3).When serum cryoproteins have been characterized, the majority have been homogeneous in electrophoretic and sedimentation studies.Cryoproteins of myeloma sera usually consist of the respective paraproteins.The cryoproteins separating from sera with "rheumatoid factor"
A nonstructural polypeptide encoded by immediate-early transcription unit 1 of murine cytomegalovirus is recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: U H Koszinowski, G M Keil, H Schwarz, J Schickedanz, M J Reddehase
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We have constructed target cells by cotransfection of the MHC gene Ld and fragments of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) DNA coding for nonstructural immediate-early (IE) proteins. Transfectants were tested by using CTL clone IE1 with specificity for an IE epitope presented in association with Ld. Data show that clone IE1 recognizes a product of the ie1 transcription unit of MCMV, and that its specificity is shared by approximately 25% of polyclonal IE-specific CTL. The results provide the first definite evidence that expression of a herpes virus IE gene encoding a regulatory protein gives rise to antigen expression detectable by specific CTL.
Serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein predict restenosis after stent implantation in patients with unstable angina
Authors: Hironori Ueda, Yoshihiro Dohi, Yasuhiko Hayashi, Hitoshi Fujiwara, Yasuyuki Tomohiro, Yuji Muraoka, Mamoru Toyofuku, Takenori Okada, Shinji Mito, Ken Ishibashi, Michinori Imazu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Pericardial Effusion as a Sequel to Subphrenic Abscess
Authors: A. L. Speirs
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MACROCYTIC ANAEMIAIWJBiuRN 679 bone marrow, neutropenia, and hyperchlorhydria.He stated that his tongue had been sore, but examination showed no abnormality.The anaemia was undoubtedly due to stagnation of bowel contents interfering with the normal fermentative processes in the ileum, affecting folic acid and/or vitamin-B12 production.The recent work of Dyke et al. (1950) would seem to support this contention, more particularly if it can be assumed that the effects of the stagnation would extend to include the colon with conse- quent folic acid and vitamin-B12 deficiency. SummaryA case is presented of a man aged 35, with loss of weight, gastro-intestinal symptoms, and a macrocytic anaemia, which seems to give clinical support to experimental work on the aetiology of macrocytic anaemia.It is noteworthy that the condition developed after surgical procedures which led to small-bowel'stasis, and was cured by surgical removal of the lesion, without recourse to liver, folic acid,'or vitamin B12, which were not necessary in order to effect a readjustment of the normal intestinal metabolic processes and of the normal relationship between host and intestinal bacteria.This case and a study of the literature emphasize again the necessity for a complete intestinal investigation in all cases of macrocytic anaemia which do not fall into well- recognized clinical groups, such as Addisonian anaegqia, the macrocytic anaemia of pregnancy, or those associated with diagnosed constitutional disease.It seems that short-circuit operations below the stomach are unsound except as a temporary measure.This is particularly the case when an antiperistaltic anastomosis is fashioned.There is a danger of the development of a macrocytic anaemia in such .proceduresas ileo-colostomy, in which a blind length of bowel is left.The literature is reviewed.