tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Harper Dictionary of Modern Thought
Authors: Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This book was conceived by Alan Bullock, a distinguished 20th-century historian and Oxford don, when he encountered the word "hermeneutics" while reading the<i>Times Literary Supplement</i>, did not know what it meant, and was uncertain about where to look it up. (If a full-time scholar finds himself at a loss in dealing with a term related to his own field, we full-time physicians are in trouble.) Recognizing that even the best and brightest of us all cannot keep pace with the present exponential expansion of knowledge, he decided to develop a dictionary of terms used in both ordinary and obscure 20th-century writing and conversation. The result is a delightful adventure of ideas. The book contains approximately 4,000 terms. "Modern thought" is flexibly conceptualized. If one glances randomly through two pages of the<i>H</i>section, one finds<i>heterozygote</i>and<i>heuristic</i>keeping company with<i>hi-fi, high-level programming language, higher criticism, Hilbert space,</i>
Risk Factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Ellie E. Schoenbaum, Diana Hartel, Peter A. Selwyn, Robert S. Klein, Katherine Davenny, Martha Rogers, Cheryl Feiner, Gerald Friedland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Abstract To identify risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in intravenous drug users, we undertook a study of the seroprevalence of HIV antibody in 452 persons enrolled in a methadone-treatment program in the Bronx, New York. The seroprevalence of HIV was 39.4 percent overall, 49.1 percent in blacks, 41.8 percent in Hispanics, and 17.2 percent in non-Hispanic whites (P<0.001 for all comparisons). The presence of HIV antibody was associated with the number of injections per month (P<0.001), the percentage of injections with used needles (P<0.001), the average number of injections with cocaine per month (P<0.001), and the percentage of injections with needles that were shared with strangers or acquaintances (P<0.001), a practice that was more common among blacks and Hispanics than among whites. The number of heterosexual sex partners who used intravenous drugs was associated with HIV infection in women (P<0.004) and was the only risk factor found for users who had not injected drugs after 1982 (P<0.05). The presence of HIV antibody was independently associated with being black or Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio, 4.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.65 to 8.14), a more recent year of the last injection of drugs (adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.35), the percentage of injections of drugs that took place in "shooting galleries" (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.88), having sex partners who used intravenous drugs (adjusted odds ratio 1.24; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.45), and low income (adjusted odds ratio, 1.55; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.10 to 2.17). We conclude that differences in both the social setting of drug use and behavior related to injection carry different risks for infection with HIV and may explain, in part, the higher seroprevalence of HIV among blacks and Hispanics. In addition, we found that heterosexual activity was an independent risk factor for drug users. (N Engl J Med 1989;321:874–9.)
Changes in Serum Adipokine Levels During Pioglitazone Treatment for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Relationship to Histological Improvement
Authors: Glen Lutchman, Kittichai Promrat, David E. Kleiner, Theo Heller, Marc G. Ghany, Jack A. Yanovski, T. Jake Liang, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2006)
No evidence that placebos have powerful clinical effects, study says
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Treatment with placebo may show small benefits when a study's outcomes are continuous and subjective, but placebo treatment has no significant effect on objective or binary outcomes, a new study has found.

Dr Asbjcrn Hrobjartsson from the University of Copenhagen and a colleague, Dr Peter Gctzsche, assessed the placebo effect by reviewing data from 114 trials in which the participants were randomised to receive placebo or no treatment. Thirty two trials used binary outcomes (where the results were yes or no, or 0 or 1) and 82 used continuous outcomes (where, for example, …
Medical Expert Testimony.
Authors: J. B. Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Dannemora, N. Y., Oct. 15, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been very much interested in the papers and discussions published in ourJournalrelative to medical expert testimony. As chairman of the committee appointed in February, 1895, by the Medical Society of the State of New York, to report upon the most feasible plan for improvement in methods of obtaining medical expert testimony, I presented to the committee two reports in January, 1896, the one which was adopted both by the committee and the society being that practically incorporated in the Bill presented by Dr. Suiter, and already published in ourJournal. The one which the committee, while favoring the method, thought inadvisable to present to the Society fearing that it would meet with opposition, was as follows: <i>Resolved</i>, That the Medical Society of the State of New York would recommend the enactment of a law by the legislature
Abstract 122: 15-lipoxygenase-1 regulation of HIF-1a and angiogenesis
Authors: Yuanqing Wu, Fei Mao, Xiangsheng Zuo, Micheline J. Moussalli, Elias Elias, Imad Shureiqi
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Expression of 15-lipoxygenase-1(15-LOX-1) is down-regulated in colon and other major human cancer cells. 15-LOX-1 re-expression in cancer cells suppresses colonic tumorigenesis. We recently reported that targeted transgenic 15-LOX-1 expression in murine intestine suppresses colonic tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, the role of 15-LOX-1 loss of expression in cancer epithelial cells in metastases continues to be debated. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1a) is a transcriptional master regulator that enhances cancer cell survival under hypoxia and the development of various metastatic mechanisms (e.g. upregulation of VEGF to promote angiogenesis). We therefore examined the effects of 15-LOX-1 expression restoration in colon cancer cells on cell survival, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and HIF-1a expression and stability under hypoxia. We found that 15-LOX-1 re-expression in colon cancer cells inhibited colon cancer cell survival, migration and invasion, VEGF expression, HUVEC cell tubular formation, and HIF-1a protein stability under hypoxia. These findings demonstrate that the loss of 15-LOX-1 significantly contribute to the ability of colon cancer cells to acquire metastasis promoting abilities by increasing a HIF-1 protein stability to up-regulate VEGF production of cancer cells and subsequently angiogenesis. Thus, therapeutic targeting 15-LOX-1 ubiquitous loss in cancer cells has the potential to be used to suppress tumor metastases. Citation Format: Yuanqing Wu, Fei Mao, Xiangsheng Zuo, Micheline J. Moussalli, Elias Elias, Imad Shureiqi. 15-lipoxygenase-1 regulation of HIF-1a and angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 122. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-122
Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: G. B. Ong, J. L. Taw
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Forty-two cases of ruptured hepatoma with intra-abdominal haemorrhage were seen over a period of eight years in the professorial surgical unit at the Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. In all, 207 cases of liver cancer were seen during this period, giving an incidence of rupture of 14·5%. There were 37 men and five women. The clinical features were the sudden onset of pain with shock and the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity. The diagnosis was made before operation on suspicion and by a process of elimination. In cases of doubt paracentesis abdominis was performed to determine whether there was blood in the peritoneal cavity. Treatment was directed to control of haemorrhage and resection. The prognosis, although extremely poor, is no worse than the hepatocellular carcinoma that has not ruptured. There was one long-term survivor—a patient who had undergone an extensive resection. The man was alive and well after more than five years.
Localisation of a pulmonary autoantigen in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
Authors: W A Wallace, J A Schofield, D Lamb, S E Howie
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) is believed to have an immunological pathogenesis with a persisting inflammatory reaction to an as yet unidentified pulmonary antigen(s). A high frequency of IgG autoantibodies has previously been found in the plasma of patients with CFA to an extractable 70-90 kDa lung antigen by Western blotting. Preliminary immunohistochemical studies with patient IgG had indicated that the target protein(s) might be associated with alveolar epithelial lining cells which have previously been suggested as the site of immunological attack in CFA. METHODS--In order to confirm this finding immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting were performed on a human type II alveolar cell line (A549) using CFA patient plasma. In order to study further the distribution of the antigen, antibodies were raised in a rabbit to the partially purified 70-90 kDa CFA lung protein. RESULTS--The results showed that the human CFA autoantibody recognised a 70-90 kDa protein with a cytoplasmic distribution present in the A549 cells, confirming previous observations. The immune rabbit IgG recognised a protein of similar molecular weight by Western blotting of protein derived from lung biopsy samples of patients with CFA and A549 cells. In addition it immunoprecipitated protein(s) of this molecular weight from lung biopsy protein extracts from patients with CFA. The precipitated protein(s) were found to cross-react with the autoantibody found in the plasma of patients with CFA. Immunohistochemical analysis with immunised rabbit antibody revealed positive staining of type I and II alveolar epithelial lining cells in CFA. A similar pattern of epithelial staining was also observed with the rabbit IgG on biopsy specimens of lung from patients with sarcoidosis and control lung tissue, although this was more focal and less intense. No positive staining was seen on sections from a number of non-pulmonary tissues (colon, liver, kidney, tonsil, lymph node, skin, cervix). Cytoplasmic staining of the A549 cell line was also detected. CONCLUSIONS--The 70-90 kDa protein recognised by autoantibodies in patients with CFA is associated with pulmonary epithelial lining cells. The immune rabbit IgG produced appears to recognise antigen by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue in a similar pattern to the patient autoantibodies. Immunohistochemical data obtained with this antibody suggest that the putative autoantigen against which patients with CFA mount a humoral immune response may be endogenous and specific to the lung.
QL-08 * A REVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS REGARDING HOW ANTI-NEOPLASTIC TREATMENTS IMPACT THE FERTILITY OF ADULT PATIENTS WITH BRAIN CANCER: REALITIES AND RESOURCES FOR REAL-TIME TREATMENT PLANNING
Authors: E. Dunbar, C. Cimmino, G. Volas-Redd, H. Chandler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: There is an unmet need regarding how anti-neoplastic treatments impact the fertility of adult brain cancer patients. For numerous reasons, the paucity of literature is 1) predominantly retrospective, 2) addresses either non-CNS cancers or sequela of childhood cancer treatment, and 3) minimally addresses newer anti-neoplastic treatments. This unmet need exists despite growth within the field of onco-fertility, sub-specialty guidelines on supportive care & survivorship, and select coverage within the Affordable Care Act. Notably, related social media forums, with little medical oversight, are growing. OBJECTIVE: Authors searched authoritative databases and resources to 1) summarize the existing English-written literature, 2) describe the current unmet needs, and 3) collate practical information immediately impacting "real-time" treatment planning and counseling. METHODS: Databases were searched for English-written publications before 6/14 regarding adults >13yo. 1st-tier search combined the key/root terms parameters: "neoplasm/cancer", "infertility/fertility", "sexual dysfunction/function/behavior", "drug therapy/antineoplastic/chemotherapeutic biologic/anti-angiogenic/immunotherapy/targeted therapy". 2nd-tier search excluded "pituitary neoplasm/cancer", "surgery/radiation" and articles of infertility caused by cancer, other cancer interventions, primary infertility causes. 3rd-tier search further refined for: "brain/CNS", "glioma/(subtypes)", and names of common anti-neoplastic agents. Exclusions included RESULTS: PubMed, Ovid (Cochrane, Medline, others), EBSCO (pharmaceutical/psychology), CINAHL, Web-of-Science, Toxline, UpToDate, sub-specialty associations, and government-sponsored/private entities. To-date, >390 citations produced 0 Meta/Systematic-Reviews, 2 RCTs, 2 Observational Trials, 18 Reviews, 200+ Cases/Other. Articles predominantly addressed systemic cancers, childhood cancer survivors, & long-term sequela. Major themes included the scope of the problem, barriers to evaluation/treatment, need for more research, and either spontaneous or post-fertility-sparing/restitution success. Strikingly, very little information was added with 3rd-tier refined search. Notably, since late 2012, a few observational studies, focused-group surveys, and guidelines have provided valuable information. CONCLUSION: At presentation, the authors will provide practical interdisciplinary resources for providers to use and share with patients, inclusive of medical, educational and financial/insurance aspects. Comparisons/contrasts with social media will be made.
Nude in a Wood
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Indications and Toxicity of Prolonged Perphenazine Therapy
Authors: Frank J. Ayd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

CLINICAL experience with tranquilizers has shown the need for prolonged therapy for chronic neurotic and psychotic disorders. Since phenothiazine derivatives such as perphenazine are being employed in this manner and since there have been rare reports of jaundice and leukopenia associated with its administration, questions about a potential deleterious effect of this drug on the liver and blood have to be answered. For this reason, 50 patients who have taken perphenazine† for nineteen to thirty-four months had a complete laboratory survey consisting of hematologic examination, liver-function tests and urinalysis. The results of this laboratory evaluation and pertinent clinical observations are . . .
RNase activity in erythroid cell lysates
Authors: Edward R. Burka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The characteristics of degradation of reticulocyte ribonucleic acid (RNA) and ribosomes were studied in a whole erythroid cell lysate system. The process followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and indicated that RNA degradation in the erythroid cell is mediated by an enzyme previously isolated from reticulocyte hemolysates. Erythroid cell RNase activity had a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C, a pH optimum of 7.0, was not energy dependent, was heat labile at physiologic pH, and was inhibited by Mg(++), Ca(++), and exposure to bentonite and deoxycholate. Free sulfhydryl groups were not essential for RNase activity. Of the substrates occurring naturally within the erythroid cell, isolated ribosomal RNA was most susceptible to the action of the enzyme, intact ribosomes least susceptible, and transfer RNA intermediate between them. Natural substrates were degraded completely to nucleotides in cell lysates. Competitive inhibition studies indicate that one enzyme system is capable of degrading both RNA and ribosomes, although the existence of more than one enzyme has not been excluded. Erythroid cell lysates quickly broke down polyribosomes into single ribosomes. The more rapid degradation of ribosomes, as compared with transfer RNA, which occurs in vivo, as opposed to findings in vitro, suggests that there is a special intracellular mechanism responsible for ribosome degradation in the maturing erythroid cell.
DISCUSSION OF THE SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF INFECTION OF THE LABYRINTH RESULTING FROM SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
Authors: J. R. FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Infections of the labyrinth from suppurative otitis media may be classified as (1) circumscribed, (2) diffuse, (a) manifest (circumscribed or diffuse), (b) latent (diffuse), (3) perilabyrinthitis. Circumscribed labyrinthitis is qualified thus: with erosion, fistula or stapes subluxation, or without either. Diffuse labyrinthitis is qualified as suppurative, serous or hyperemic. By manifest labyrinthitis is meant an inflammatory disease of the labyrinth, showing characteristic spontaneous symptoms. Latent labyrinthitis signifies a like disease, showing no characteristic manifest spontaneous symptoms. Perilabyrinthitis is an inflammatory disease of the cellular bone surrounding the labyrinth capsule. It can cause suppurative, serous and hyperemic labyrinthitis, or necrosis with sequestration of a part or the whole of the cochlea. This cellular bone may be either diploetic or pneumatic. When pneumatic the cells have a mucous lining and communicate with the antrum and mastoid cells. A pneumatic structure must be frequent, as Wales<sup>1</sup>speaks of the membranous lining as
Slow ventricular conduction in mice heterozygous for a connexin43 null mutation.
Authors: P A Guerrero, R B Schuessler, L M Davis, E C Beyer, C M Johnson, K A Yamada, J E Saffitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To characterize the role of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) in ventricular conduction, we studied hearts of mice with targeted deletion of the Cx43 gene. Mice homozygous for the Cx43 null mutation (Cx43 -/-) die shortly after birth. Attempts to record electrical activity in neonatal Cx43 -/- hearts (n = 5) were unsuccessful. Ventricular epicardial conduction of paced beats, however, was 30% slower in heterozygous (Cx43 -/+) neonatal hearts (0.14+/-0.04 m/s, n = 27) than in wild-type (Cx43 +/+) hearts (0.20+/-0.07 m/s, n = 32; P < 0.001). This phenotype was even more severe in adult mice; ventricular epicardial conduction was 44% slower in 6-9 mo-old Cx43 -/+ hearts (0.18+/-0.03 m/s, n = 5) than in wild-type hearts (0.32+/-0.07 m/s, n = 7, P < 0.001). Electrocardiograms revealed significant prolongation of the QRS complex in adult Cx43 -/+ mice (13.4+/-1.8 ms, n = 13) compared with Cx43 +/+ mice (11.5+/-1.4 ms, n = 12, P < 0.01). Whole-cell recordings of action potential parameters in cultured disaggregated neonatal ventricular myocytes from Cx43 -/+ and +/+ hearts showed no differences. Thus, reduction in the abundance of a major cardiac gap junction protein through targeted deletion of a Cx43 allele directly leads to slowed ventricular conduction.
Nucleofection of muscle-derived stem cells and myoblasts with ϕC31 integrase: stable expression of a full-length-dystrophin fusion gene by human myoblasts
Authors: Simon P. Quenneville, Pierre Chapdelaine, Joël Rousseau, Jean Beaulieu, Nicolas J. Caron, Daniel Skuk, Philippe Mills, Eric C. Olivares, Michele P. Calos, Jacques P. Tremblay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Ex vivo gene therapy offers a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy by transfection of the dystrophin gene into the patient's own myogenic precursor cells, followed by transplantation. We used nucleofection to introduce DNA plasmids coding for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or eGFP-dystrophin fusion protein and the phage phiC31 integrase into myogenic cells and to integrate these genes into a limited number of sites in the genome. Using a plasmid expressing eGFP, we transfected 50% of a mouse muscle-derived stem cell line and 60% of normal human myoblasts. Co-nucleofection of a plasmid expressing the phiC31 integrase and an eGFP expression plasmid containing an attB sequence produced 15 times more frequent stable expression, because of site-specific integration of the transgene. Co-nucleofection of the phiC31 integrase plasmid and a large plasmid containing the attB sequence and the gene for an eGFP-full-length dystrophin fusion protein produced fluorescent human myoblasts that were able to form more intensely fluorescent myotubes after 1 month of culture. A nonviral approach combining nucleofection and the phiC31 integrase may eventually permit safe autotransplantation of genetically modified cells to patients.
Comparative Histology of the Prostate and Prostatic Urethra in Man, Monkey and Rat from the Viewpoint of the Anatomical Origin of Prostatic Hypertrophy
Authors: RALPH H. JENKINS, CLYDE L. DEMING, GERTRUDE VAN WAGENEN
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1934)

Papers and Discussions from The New England Journal of Medicine — Comparative Histology of the Prostate and Prostatic Urethra in Man, Monkey and Rat from the Viewpoint of the Anatomical Origin of Prostatic Hypertrophy
Control of the False Discovery Rate Applied to the Detection of Positively Selected Amino Acid Sites
Authors: S. Guindon
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

In this article, we consider the probabilistic identification of amino acid positions that evolve under positive selection as a multiple hypothesis testing problem. The null hypothesis "H0,s: site s evolves under a negative selection or under a neutral process of evolution" is tested at each codon site of the alignment of homologous coding sequences. Standard hypothesis testing is based on the control of the expected proportion of falsely rejected null hypotheses or type-I error rate. As the number of tests increases, however, the power of an individual test may become unacceptably low. Recent advances in statistics have shown that the false discovery rate--in this case, the expected proportion of sites that do not evolve under positive selection among those that are estimated to evolve under this selection regime--is a quantity that can be controlled. Keeping the proportion of false positives low among the significant results generally leads to an increase in power. In this article, we show that controlling the false detection rate is relevant when searching for positively selected sites. We also compare this new approach to traditional methods using extensive simulations.