tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Neck Node Metastases
Authors: Rodney R. Million
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In planning the therapy of nasopharyngeal cancer, one must pay particular attention to the real and potential lymph node metastases, since as many as 90% of the patients may have clinically positive nodes on presentation for treatment. The nasopharynx has an extensive lymphatic capillary plexus, and it is quite common for a patient to present with neck nodes, and with the nasopharynx primary either very tiny, or not seen at all. The neck node metastases are every bit as curable by irradiation as the primary lesion if the technique and dosages are utilized as outlined below. In fact, failure to control neck node metastases is rarely the only cause of failure in our nasopharyngeal experience. <h3>Neck Node Spread</h3> Although the afferent lymphatics usually drain into the nodes on the same side as the lesion, there are abundant anastamoses across the midline; even small, well-lateralized lesions may present with contralateral metastases.
Phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins tightly associated with the vascular smooth muscle membranes
Authors: R V SHARMA, R C BHALLA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

A study was performed to determine whether the proteins phosphorylated by cAMP dependent and calmodulin dependent protein kinase in vascular smooth muscle membrane fractions represent integral membrane proteins or are tightly associated cytoskeletal proteins. In the unextracted microsomal fraction cAMP dependent protein kinase phosphorylated proteins of 240K, 105K, and 48K daltons. Similarly, calmodulin dependent protein kinase phosphorylated 65K, 60K, 48K, and 20K dalton bands. The 48K dalton band represented a major protein in the microsomal fraction, and it was a common substrate for both cAMP dependent and calmodulin dependent protein kinase, and the extent of phosphorylation by two kinases was additive. The 48K dalton band showed immunological reaction with monoclonal antibodies raised against human umbilical artery F actin, and it also comigrated with arterial smooth muscle actin on SDS gel electrophoresis. Plasma membranes prepared from vascular smooth muscle microsomes after extraction with actomyosin extraction buffer consisting of 2 mmol X litre-1 TRIS-maleate, pH 6.8, 0.25 mol X litre-1 sucrose, 0.5 mmol X litre-1 ATP, 0.2 mmol X litre-1 CaCl2, 0.1 mmol X litre-1 phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride, and 1 mmol X litre-1 dithiothreitol yielded membranes that were substantially free from cytoskeletal protein contamination. These membranes were enriched 60-80 fold in plasma membrane marker enzymes and showed energy dependent calcium uptake. In the extracted plasma membranes none of the proteins was phosphorylated by cAMP dependent or calmodulin dependent protein kinase. Thus these results show that protein phosphorylated in the unextracted microsomal fraction or unextracted plasma membranes are not integral plasma membrane proteins but represent tightly associated cytoskeletal proteins.
The chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX is critical for neuronal survival during corticogenesis
Authors: Nathalie G. Bérubé, Marie Mangelsdorf, Magdalena Jagla, Jackie Vanderluit, David Garrick, Richard J. Gibbons, Douglas R. Higgs, Ruth S. Slack, David J. Picketts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Mutations in genes encoding chromatin-remodeling proteins, such as the ATRX gene, underlie a number of genetic disorders including several X-linked mental retardation syndromes; however, the role of these proteins in normal CNS development is unknown. Here, we used a conditional gene-targeting approach to inactivate Atrx, specifically in the forebrain of mice. Loss of ATRX protein caused widespread hypocellularity in the neocortex and hippocampus and a pronounced reduction in forebrain size. Neuronal "birthdating" confirmed that fewer neurons reached the superficial cortical layers, despite normal progenitor cell proliferation. The loss of cortical mass resulted from a 12-fold increase in neuronal apoptosis during early stages of corticogenesis in the mutant animals. Moreover, cortical progenitors isolated from Atrx-null mice undergo enhanced apoptosis upon differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that ATRX is a critical mediator of cell survival during early neuronal differentiation. Thus, increased neuronal loss may contribute to the severe mental retardation observed in human patients.
Myocardial Metabolism in Children Having Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Emerson A. Moffitt
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The electrolyte and metabolic responses to operation and whole-body perfusion for correction of congenital cardiac defects were studied in nine children. Whole-body metabolism was not different between cyanotic and noncyanotic patients, but in the cyanotic group the myocardium tolerated periods of aortic clamping with less anaerobic glycolysis as compared to considerable lactate production during perfusion and anoxic asystole in the noncyanotic group. More severe ketosis developed postoperatively in children than in adults. The increase in serum insulin from the glucose load of the priming solution was greater in children than in adults. Lipid was metabolized predominantly by the body for energy in spite of adequate glucose available, as seen in starvation and stress. Nonesterified fatty acids continued to be the major myocardial energy-producing substrate, although lactate, ketone bodies, and pyruvate were also extracted.
Morphology of rapidly frozen aortic endothelial cells. Glutaraldehyde fixation increases the number of caveolae.
Authors: P G McGuire, T A Twietmeyer
Journal: Circulation Research (1983)

Using a Polaron E7200 quick freeze unit, we investigated the distribution of vesicles (caveolae) bound to the plasma membrane of aortic endothelial cells from adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Counts of caveolae from replicas of rapidly frozen, unfixed samples were made and compared with counts from both aldehyde-fixed, conventionally frozen, and rapidly frozen aortic samples. Aldehyde-fixed samples prepared for freeze fracture by either of the freezing methods revealed a significantly greater number of caveolae than did unfixed, rapidly frozen samples. These findings suggest that the relative number of caveolae is artifactually increased by exposure to aldehyde fixatives. We conclude that previous estimates of the rates of pinocytotic activity in vascular endothelial cells may contain substantial errors based on overestimates of caveolae and underestimates of subplasmalemmal "free" vesicles.
Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic assessment of severity of calcific aortic stenosis: a simultaneous Doppler-catheter correlative study in 100 adult patients.
Authors: P J Currie, J B Seward, G S Reeder, R E Vlietstra, D R Bresnahan, J F Bresnahan, H C Smith, D J Hagler, A J Tajik
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Studies of the correlation of aortic valve gradient determined by continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography and that determined at catheterization have, to date, involved young patients and nonsimultaneous measurements. We therefore obtained simultaneous Doppler echocardiographic and catheter measurements of pressure gradient in 100 consecutive adults (mean age 69, range 50 to 89 years). In 63 patients pressure measurements were obtained with dual-catheter techniques and in 37 they were obtained by withdrawal of the catheter from the left ventricle to the ascending aorta. Forty-six of these patients also underwent an outpatient Doppler study 7 days or less before catheterization. The simultaneous pressure waveforms and Doppler spectral velocity profiles were digitized at 10 msec intervals and maximum, mean, and instantaneous gradients (mm Hg) were derived for each. The correlation between the Doppler-determined gradient and the simultaneously measured maximum catheter gradient was r = .92 (SEE = 15 mm Hg), that between the Doppler-determined and mean catheter gradient was r = .93 (SEE = 10 mm Hg), and that between the Doppler and peak-to-peak catheter gradient was r = .91 (SEE = 14). The correlation between the nonsimultaneously Doppler-determined gradient and the maximum gradient measured by catheter was not as strong (r = .79, SEE = 24). The continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic velocity profile represents the instantaneous transaortic pressure gradient throughout the cardiac cycle. The best correlation with continuous-wave Doppler-determined gradient was obtained with maximum and mean gradients measured by catheter. Continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography can be used to reliably predict the pressure gradient in adults with calcific aortic stenosis.
Cancer Chemotherapy and Acral Erythema
Authors: HENRY SCHNEIDERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1983Cancer Chemotherapy and Acral ErythemaHENRY SCHNEIDERMAN, M.D., NICHOLAS ROBERT, M.D.HENRY SCHNEIDERMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, NICHOLAS ROBERT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-2-258_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Cordonnier and associates (1) suggest that acral erythema is an immune-mediated vasculitis. They cite its appearance in their two patients concomitant with vasculitic skin lesions; its resolution with corticosteroid treatment; and the histopathologic findings of a skin biopsy specimen taken from the arm. Two factors weaken their argument. The biopsy was taken from the arm, not the acral erythematous area proper; and the two areas need not reflect the same process, particularly in this patient who had a complex and multiply treated illness. Nonvasculitic causes predominate even in the rare instances when acral purpura, erythema, or gangrene...References1. CORDONNIERROUJEAUVERNANTMATHERONGANEM CJJSG. Cancer chemotherapy and acral erythema [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:783. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BRAVERMAN I. Skin Signs of Systemic Disease. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1981:393-415, 433-5. Google Scholar3. RYANWILKINSON TD. Cutaneous vasculitis: "angiitis." In: ROOK A, WILKINSON DS, EBLING FGJ, eds. Textbook of Dermatology. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1979:993-1058. Google Scholar4. BURGDORFGILMOREGANICK WWR. Peculiar acral erythema secondary to high-dose chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:61-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: School of Medicine The University of Connecticut Farmington, CT 06032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1983Volume 98, Issue 2Page: 258-258KeywordsBiopsyCancer chemotherapyErythemaLesionsSpecimen preparation and treatmentVasculitis Issue Published: 1 February 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
The syndrome of ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects and cleft lip and palate: an autosomal dominant condition
Authors: R.J. HAY, R.S. WELLS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article The syndrome of ankyloblepharon, ectodermal defects and cleft lip and palate: an autosomal dominant condition Get access R.J. HAY, R.J. HAY The Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, and The Department of Genetics, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, WC2H 7BJ Dr RJ. Hay, Department of Dermatologyj Guy's Hospital, London, SEi 9RT. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.S. WELLS R.S. WELLS The Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, London, and The Department of Genetics, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, London, WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 3, 1 March 1976, Pages 277–289, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04384.x Published: 01 March 1976
Size control of calcium alginate beads containing living cells using micro-nozzle array
Authors: Shinji Sugiura, Tatsuya Oda, Yasuhiko Izumida, Yasuyuki Aoyagi, Mitsuo Satake, Atsushi Ochiai, Nobuhiro Ohkohchi, Mitsutoshi Nakajima
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
A NEW PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING BLOOD SEDIMENTATION RATES
Authors: E. D. Plass, M. D. Rourke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1928)

A new method has been developed for clinical determinations of the sedimentation rates of red blood cells.It differs from the methods generally in use in that:: (1) Heparin' is employed as the anticoagulant.(2) Special tubes2 are employed for the actual sedi- mentation, which are 12.0 cm. in height over all and have an inside diameter of approximately 3.80 mm.The lower ends of the tubes are sealed flat, and graduations are placed every two millimeters from the bottom to a height of 100 mm.The capacity up to the zero mark (100 mm.) varies from 1.11 to 1.18 cc.-the capacity being etched upon the glass by the manufacturer at the time of the original calibration.(3) Results are expressed in terms of the percentage of total possible settling which occurs during the observation period- one hour. DETAILS OF METHODCollection tubes (15 cc.graduated centrifuge tubes are convenient) are prepared by introducing 0.1 cc. of a solution of heparin containing 1.5 mgm. of the anticoagulant (75.0 mgm.heparin in 5.0 cc.distilled water), and evaporating off the water in an electric oven or otherwise.This leaves a thin Elm of finely dispersed heparin in the bottom of each tube, sufficient under ordinary circumstances to prevent coagula- tion in 5.0 cc. of blood for twenty-four hours.The tubes are stop- pered to prevent contamination.
Abstract 3576: USP22 modulates AR activity to critically regulate prostate cancer progression.
Authors: Randy Schrecengost, Jeffry Dean, Tim Stanek, Ruth Birbe, Jessica Hicks, Tapio Visakorpi, Angelo DeMarzo, Steve McMahon, Karen Knudsen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Recently, the deubiquitylase Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) was identified as a member of the 11 gene ‘death-from-cancer’ signature, which can predict poor response to therapy and/or propensity toward metastasis of multiple tumor types, including breast and prostate. However, the mechanism for how USP22 impacts cancer is currently unknown. Our new data implicate a specific role for USP22 in hormone-dependent cancers, especially prostate cancer (PCa) where USP22 expression is elevated in primary and metastatic PCa. USP22 has an established role in regulating oncogenic c-Myc activity as it is recruited by c-Myc for transcriptional activation through deubiquitylation of histones, and is necessary for c-Myc-mediated cell transformation. Similarly, our data in PCa cells demonstrates that USP22 controls c-Myc activity but does not affect expression levels. Additional data has also identified USP22 as a critical effector of androgen receptor (AR) levels and output. This is of great clinical relevance since PCa is intricately dependent on AR signaling for disease initiation and progression to castrate resistant disease (CRPC). First, USP22 overexpression in hormone-dependent and CRPC cell lines increased AR protein expression and activity, but did not perturb transcript. Second, in the absence of ligand, USP22 upregulation resulted in enhanced AR recruitment to target genes, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation, which corresponded with significant enhancement of cell proliferation and BrdU incorporation. Third, USP22 depletion resulted in attenuated AR activity and caused a significant reduction in AR protein levels that could be attributed to protein stability. Importantly, in the CRPC setting, USP22 depletion dramatically inhibited in vivo tumor growth while expression correlated with decreased time for tumor regression. In sum, the data suggest that USP22 upregulation is sufficient for aberrant c-Myc activity, altered AR expression and activity, and establishment of a CRPC phenotype. We propose that modulation of UPS22 expression and/or activity may present a novel platform to achieve combinatorial suppression of AR and c-Myc function, and therefore could be potentially developed as a novel approach for treatment of PCa. Citation Format: Randy Schrecengost, Jeffry Dean, Tim Stanek, Ruth Birbe, Jessica Hicks, Tapio Visakorpi, Angelo DeMarzo, Steve McMahon, Karen Knudsen. USP22 modulates AR activity to critically regulate prostate cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3576
New firework caused severe eye injuries at a public display
Authors: E. Pringle, M. B. Eckstein, A. G. Casswell, E. H. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A new type of firework caused severe eye injuries and blindness in children and adults at last year’s bonfire night celebrations in Lewes, UK.1 That evening, eight patients presented to our hospital, five with serious eye injuries—two were blinded and the other three have a lifelong glaucoma risk (table⇓). Police inquiries suggest the new explosive was derived from “rope banger deer scarers,” which have a slow burning …
953 CYTOCHROME P450IID6-SPECIFIC T-REGS GENERATED FROM PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS TYPE-2 ARE PHENOTYPICALLY STABLE UPON EXPANSION AND PRO-INFLAMMATORY CHALLENGE
Authors: B.S. Holder, C.R. Grant, Y. Ma, G. Mieli-Vergani, D. Vergani, M.S. Longhi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Application of C1-Esterase Inhibitor During Reperfusion of Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: Georg Horstick, Oliver Berg, Axel Heimann, Otto Götze, Michael Loos, Gerd Hafner, Benjamin Bierbach, Steffen Petersen, Sucharit Bhakdi, Harald Darius, Marina Horstick, Jürgen Meyer, Oliver Kempski
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Complement activation during reperfusion of ischemic myocardium augments myocardial injury, and complement inhibition with C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) at the time of reperfusion exerts marked cardioprotective effects in experimental studies. Application of C1-INH in newborns, however, was recently reported to have dangerous and even lethal side effects. This study addresses the essential role of dosage in studies using C1-INH.Cardioprotection by C1-INH was examined in a pig model with 60 minutes of coronary occlusion followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. C1-INH was administered intravenously 5 to 10 minutes before coronary reperfusion without heparin at a dose of 40, 100, and 200 IU/kg body wt. Compared with the NaCl controls, C1-INH 40 IU/kg reduced myocardial injury (44.1+/-13.8% versus 76.7+/-4.6% necrosis of area at risk, P</=0.05) and significantly suppressed local C3a and C5a generation. Myocardial protection was accompanied by reduced plasma concentrations of creatine kinase and troponin T. In contrast, no beneficial effects were observed when 100 IU/kg C1-INH was used. Furthermore, application of 200 IU/kg C1-INH provoked severe side effects and coagulation disorders.When applied at the correct dose, C1-INH significantly protects ischemic tissue from reperfusion damage. However, overly high doses (>/=100 IU/kg) of C1-INH will provoke detrimental side effects, probably via its procoagulatory action.
Rhinitis and asthma in athletes: an ARIA document in collaboration with GA<sup>2</sup>LEN
Authors: S. Bonini, M. Bonini, J. Bousquet, V. Brusasco, G. W. Canonica, K‐H. Carlsen, L. Corbetta, J. Cummiskey, L. Delgado, S. R. Del Giacco, T. Haahtela, S. Jaeger, C. Moretti, P. Palange, G. Passalacqua, D. Passali, B. K. Pedersen, T. Popov, G. Rasi, M. T. Ventura, A. M. Vignola
Journal: Allergy (2006)

This consensus document is aimed at reviewing evidence that the rhinits‐asthma links have peculiar features in athletes. Beside a review of epidemological data on the high prevalence of rhinitis and asthma in athletes, the effects on intense physical exercise on the immune system and repiratory functions are discussed, with special reference to the role of allergens and pollutants. In extending the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) recommendations to athletes, the issue is addressed of adapting diagnosis and management to criteria set by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and regulations adopted by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA).
Lung Cancer and Exposure to Tobacco Smoke in the Household
Authors: D T Janerich, W D Thompson, L R Varela, P Greenwald, S Chorost, C Tucci, M B Zaman, M R Melamed, M Kiely, M F McKneally
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The relation between passive smoking and lung cancer is of great public health importance. Some previous studies have suggested that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the household can cause lung cancer, but others have found no effect. Smoking by the spouse has been the most commonly used measure of this exposure.
Increased prevalence of atopy among children exposed to mold in a school building
Authors: R. Savilahti, J. Uitti, P. Roto, P. Laippala, T. Husman
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the occurrence of immunoglobulin E sensitization to common environmental allergens (atopy) and new allergic diseases among schoolchildren after starting school in a water‐damaged school building. The staff and pupils of a Finnish elementary school with visible water damage and mold complained of respiratory and skin symptoms. The school building was examined and widespread moisture damage was found. A control school with no visible water damage was also examined. No indication of exceptional microbial growth was found in the samples taken from this school. Methods: History of allergic diseases and the year of diagnosis were established by a questionnaire. IgE antibodies to the common environmental allergens were determined from randomly selcted groups from both schools. Results: Elevated IgE values were significantly more common among the exposed children, as was the occurrence of new allergic diseases after the children started at the school. Conclusions: The odds ratios for the IgE values of the study groups indicated a possible relationship between exposure to microorganisms and IgE sensitization. Exposure to spores, toxins, and other metabolites of molds may have complex results with unknown immunogenic effects that may act as a nonspecific trigger for allergic sensitization leading to the development of atopy.
Targeting ligand-activated ErbB2 signaling inhibits breast and prostate tumor growth
Authors: David B Agus, Robert W Akita, William D Fox, Gail D Lewis, Brian Higgins, Paul I Pisacane, Julie A Lofgren, Charles Tindell, Douglas P Evans, Krista Maiese, Howard I Scher, Mark X Sliwkowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2002)
Authors' reply to Cockayne and colleagues
Authors: Magnus D Lynch, Jane Cliffe, Rachael Morris-Jones
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We would like to reply to Cockayne and colleagues’ comments on our recent article.1 2 

The study that they cite is a large randomised trial that compares salicylic acid and cryotherapy as first line treatments for plantar warts.3 They found equal efficacy for these two treatments—a conclusion supported by a recent Cochrane review.4 For symptomatic plantar warts, we advise salicyclic …