tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of ascites
Authors: D H Melcher, J J Linehan
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Astrocyte expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is consistently observed in resected tissue from patients with epilepsy and is equally prevalent in animal models of epilepsy. However, little is known about the functional signaling properties or downstream consequences of astrocyte mGluR5 activation during epilepsy development. In the rodent brain, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is developmentally regulated and confined in expression/function to the first weeks of life, with similar observations made in human control tissue. Herein, we demonstrate that mGluR5 expression and function dramatically increase in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Interestingly, in both male and female mice, mGluR5 function persists in the astrocyte throughout the process of epileptogenesis following status epilepticus. However, mGluR5 expression and function is transient in animals that do not develop epilepsy over an equivalent time period, suggesting that patterns of mGluR5 expression may signify continuing epilepsy development or its resolution. We demonstrate that during epileptogenesis, astrocytes re-acquire mGluR5-dependent calcium transients following agonist application or synaptic glutamate release—a feature of astrocyte-neuron communication absent since early development. Finally, we find that the selective and conditional knockout of mGluR5 signaling from astrocytes during epilepsy development slows the rate of glutamate clearance through astrocyte glutamate transporters under high-frequency stimulation conditions, a feature that suggests astrocyte mGluR5 expression during epileptogenesis may recapitulate earlier developmental roles in regulating glutamate transporter function. <b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> In development, astrocyte mGluR5 signaling plays a critical role in regulating structural and functional interactions between astrocytes and neurons at the tripartite synapse. Notably, mGluR5 signaling is a positive regulator of astrocyte glutamate transporter expression and function—an essential component of excitatory signaling regulation in hippocampus. After early development, astrocyte mGluR5 expression is downregulated, but re-emerges in animal models of TLE development and patient epilepsy samples. We explored the hypothesis that astrocyte mGluR5 re-emergence recapitulates earlier developmental roles during TLE acquisition. Our work demonstrates that astrocytes with mGluR5 signaling during TLE development perform faster glutamate uptake in hippocampus, revealing a previously unexplored role for astrocyte mGluR5 signaling in hypersynchronous pathology.
Risk Factors for Microalbuminuria and Macroalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Marcia Murussi, Pierangelo Baglio, Jorge L. Gross, Sandra P. Silveiro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Several risk factors have been related to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients, such as hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking (1–5). Higher urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) levels, even within the normal range, have been suggested to predict the development of DN in type 2 diabetic patients (1,2). Glomerular hyperfiltration has been investigated as a putative risk factor with conflicting results (6,7).

The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for micro- and macroalbuminuria in a cohort of 52 normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients (UAER <20 μg/min, 30 men, aged 53 ± 6 years, diabetes duration 6 years). Baseline clinical and renal evaluation (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] and UAER measurements) was performed from January 1988 through December 1989 (8). Patients were reevaluated between January 1998 and March 2000; they were followed-up for …
25-OH VITAMIN D LEVELS ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM OR SEVERELY OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY STENOSES
Authors: John S. Ho, John J. Cannaday, Carolyn E. Barlow, Dale B. Reinhardt, Wendy A. Wade, Joe R. Ellis, Larry W. Gibbons
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A MODIFICATION OF ULTZMANN'S SYRINGE FOR POSTERIOR URETHRAL INSTILLATIONS
Authors: Frank Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The proper instillation of solutions into the posterior urethra has a well recognized value in the treatment of many of its chronic inflammatory conditions. The particular object in view is to insert the end of the instrument just beyond the external sphincter. The colliculus should not be touched or reached. It has been shown experimentally in animals that stimulation of a healthy urethra will not produce an antiperistaltic wave, whereas, almost invariably, stimulation of an inflamed colliculus produces antiperistalsis of the vas deferens, which, if we argue from analogy, in men would frequently carry infective material to the globus minor of the epididymis. The instruments introduced for giving these posterior urethral instillations have been quite numerous. The two types most frequently in use are the Ultzmann cannula, and the Guyon elastic catheter. The latter has the great advantage, because of the bulb at the end, that it can be more
Association of allergic patients’ phenotypes with IgE reactivity to recombinant pollen marker allergens
Authors: A. Twardosz‐Kropfmüller, M. B. Singh, V. Niederberger, F. Horak, D. Kraft, S. Spitzauer, R. Valenta, I. Swoboda
Journal: Allergy (2009)

During the last decade allergen molecules from several allergen sources have been produced by recombinant DNA technology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IgE reactivity to recombinant pollen allergens with broad and narrow cross-reactivity is associated with clinical phenotypes of allergic sensitization.Serum IgE reactivity to a panel of six recombinant birch and grass pollen allergens was measured by ELISA in pollen sensitized patients from Central Europe to define groups of patients with exclusive IgE reactivity to rBet v 1, with exclusive reactivity to major grass pollen allergens (rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 5) and with IgE reactivity to cross-reactive pollen allergens (rBet v 2, rPhl p 7). Patients' clinical phenotypes were recorded. IgE responses to tree, grass and weed pollen as well as plant food extracts were evaluated in vitro by CAP-FEIA and clinical sensitivities were confirmed in vivo by skin prick testing.IgE reactivity to the recombinant major birch pollen allergen, rBet v 1, was associated with sensitization to pollen from birch, taxonomically related trees and to certain plant-derived food. Reactivity to the recombinant timothy grass pollen allergens, rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 5, indicated sensitization to pollen from grasses. Patients reacting with the highly cross-reactive allergen rPhl p 7 were polysensitized to pollen from unrelated trees, grasses and weeds and rBet v 2-positive patients were polysensitized to pollen and plant-derived food from unrelated plants.IgE reactivity to recombinant marker allergens is associated with clinical phenotypes of allergic sensitization and may be useful for the selection of treatment strategies.
Management of Pathologic Fractures Through Unicameral Bone Cysts
Authors: Patrick R. Robins
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Pathologic fracture through all but small and resolving unicameral cysts should be treated by surgery because healing seldom occurs spontaneously. The following are recommended: (1) immobilization of fracture until stability in acceptable alignment is achieved; (2) when the epiphysis has grown a safe distance away from the cyst and after confirmatory open biopsy, a subperiosteal full cortical thickness excision is performed, encompassing up to three fourths of tubular circumference, and the medullary surface of the remaining cortical bone is excoriated; and (3) defect is packed with autogenous bone.
Coexpression of Linked Genes in Mammalian Genomes Is Generally Disadvantageous
Authors: B.-Y. Liao, J. Zhang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Similarity in gene expression pattern between closely linked genes is known in several eukaryotes. Two models have been proposed to explain the presence of such coexpression patterns. The adaptive model assumes that coexpression is advantageous and is established by relocation of initially unlinked but coexpressed genes, whereas the neutral model asserts that coexpression is a type of leaky expression due to similar expressional environments of linked genes, but is neither advantageous nor detrimental. However, these models are incompatible with several empirical observations. Here, we propose that coexpression of linked genes is a form of transcriptional interference that is disadvantageous to the organism. We show that even distantly linked genes that are tens of megabases away exhibit significant coexpression in the human genome. However, the linkage is more likely to be broken during evolution between genes of high coexpression than those of low coexpression and the breakage of linkage reduces gene coexpression. These results support our hypothesis that coexpression of linked genes in mammalian genomes is generally disadvantageous, implying that many mammalian genes may never reach their optimal expression pattern due to the interference of their genomic environment and that such transcriptional interference may be a force promoting recurrent relocation of genes in the genome.
767-3 Reverse Polarity Biphasic Defibrillation with Three Biphasic Waveforms Using a Unipolar Defibrillation System
Authors: Andrea Natale, Keith Newby, Lynn Moredock, Judy Rembert, J. Marcus Wharton, Robert Sorrentino, Ruth Ann Greenfield, Kenneth G. Morris
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Book Review Antiangiogenic Cancer Therapy Edited by Darren W. Davis, Roy S. Herbst, and James L. Abbruzzese. 841 pp., illustrated. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 2008. $199.95. 978-0-8493-2799-5
Authors: Joshua I. Greenberg, David A. Cheresh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Strategy for asthma.
Authors: P G Burney
Journal: BMJ (1991)

The government's consultative document The Health of the Nation marks a clear change in focus for the Department of Health' away from the day to day issues of health service management towards a more active role in broader public health issues.Among its objectives it lists the reduction in deaths and ill health attributable to asthma, firstly, by the effective provision of health services and, in the long term, by establishing the aetiology of the disease.
Nanoceria‐Triggered Synergetic Drug Release Based on CeO<sub>2</sub>‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Host–Guest Interactions and Switchable Enzymatic Activity and Cellular Effects of CeO<sub>2</sub>
Authors: Can Xu, Youhui Lin, Jiasi Wang, Li Wu, Weili Wei, Jinsong Ren, Xiaogang Qu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Herein, a pH stimuli‐responsive vehicle for intracellular drug delivery using CeO 2 capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) is reported. β‐Cyclodextrin‐modified CeO 2 nanoparticles could cap onto ferrocene‐functionalized mesoporous silica through host–guest interactions. After internalization into A549 cells by a lysosomal pathway, the ferrocenyl moieties are oxidized to ferrocenium ions by CeO 2 lids, which could trigger the uncapping of the CeO 2 and cause the drugs release. Because of the pH‐dependent toxicity, the CeO 2 here behaves as a multi‐purpose entity that not only acts as a lid but also exhibits a synergistic antitumor effect on cancer cells. Meanwhile, the cell protective effect of CeO 2 nanoparticles alone is demonstrated, which ensures that the dissolved CeO 2 nanoparticles can be non‐toxic to normal cells.
Who should decide? Qualitative analysis of panel data from public, patients, healthcare professionals, and insurers on priorities in health care
Authors: K. Stronks, A.-M. Strijbis, J. F Wendte, L. J Gunning-Schepers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore the arguments underlying the choices of patients, the public, general practitioners, specialists, and health insurers regarding priorities in health care. <b>Design:</b> A qualitative analysis of data gathered in a series of panels. Members were asked to economise on the publicly funded healthcare budget, exemplified by 10 services. <b>Results:</b> From a medical point of view, both panels of healthcare professionals thought most services were necessary. The general practitioners tried to achieve the budget cuts by limiting access to services to those most in need of them or those who cannot afford to pay for them. The specialists emphasised the possibilities of reducing costs by increasing the efficiency within services and preventing inappropriate utilisation. The patients mainly economised by limiting universal access to preventive and acute services. The "public" panels excluded services that are relatively inexpensive for individual patients. Moreover, they emphasised the individual9s own responsibility for health behaviour and the costs of health care, resulting in the choice for copayments. The health insurers emphasised the importance of including services that relate to a risk only, as well as feasibility aspects. <b>Conclusions:</b> There were substantial differences in the way the different groups approached the issue of what should be included in the basic package. Healthcare professionals seem to be most aware of the importance of maintaining equal access for everyone in need of health care. <h3>Key messages</h3> Interest in the opinions of different parties concerned with the process of prioritisation of health services is high This study aimed at understanding the arguments underlying the opinions of the public, patients, healthcare professionals, and insurers There seem to be substantial differences in the way the different parties approach the issue of what services should be collectively funded The main difference seems to be the extent to which the parties took the principle of equal access into consideration Including all the different parties in the decision making process will therefore not necessarily lead to more equitable or broadly supported outcomes
Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with Dual Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 and 2
Authors: Martin Schutten, Marchina E. van der Ende, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

To the Editor: The number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) infection in western Europe is increasing; at our hospital we currently follow 630 patients seropositive for h...
Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Is Required for Inhibition of Neointima Formation by Estrogen
Authors: Yuhui Yuan, Lan Liao, David A. Tulis, Jianming Xu
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — The vasoprotective effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). ERs are transcription factors that require coactivators to exert transcriptional activity. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as pCIP, AIB1, ACTR, and TRAM-1) interacts with estrogen-bound ERs and strongly coactivates the transcription of target genes in cultured cells. This study has characterized the expression of SRC-3 in cardiovascular tissue and the role of SRC-3 in estrogen-dependent vasoprotection from vascular injury. Methods and Results — Phenotypically normal SRC-3 + / − mice with a knock-in LacZ reporter were used to characterize SRC-3 expression by X-gal staining within the cardiovascular system. Staining signals were specifically detected in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells but not in myocardial cells. The role of SRC-3 during vascular remodeling was analyzed using a unilateral carotid ligation model. The extent of neointima formation in SRC-3 − / − mice was significantly higher than in wild-type mice, and this difference was diminished after depletion of estrogen by ovariectomy. After ovariectomy, neointimal growth in wild-type mice was almost completely inhibited by estrogen treatment but only partially inhibited in SRC-3 − / − mice. Furthermore, estrogen treatment resulted in reduced inhibition of intimal cell proliferation in SRC-3 − / − mice. Conclusions — SRC-3 is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. The loss of SRC-3 function causes a decrease in sensitivity of estrogen-mediated inhibition of neointimal growth, which may be attributable to an insufficient suppression of vascular cell proliferation. These results indicate that SRC-3 largely facilitates ER-dependent vasoprotective effects under conditions of vascular trauma.
VARIATION IN PERFORMANCE MEASURE CRITERIA FOR MILLION HEARTS™ SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTS PRACTICE RANKINGS: RESULTS FROM 3,630,462 OUTPATIENTS IN 127 US PRACTICES FROM THE NCDR® PINNACLE REGISTRY
Authors: Zubin Eapen, Fengming Tang, Philip Jones, Thomas Maddox, William Oetgen, John Spertus, John Rumsfeld, Paul Heidenreich, Eric Peterson, Joseph Drozda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
242 HYPONATREMIA IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH CIRRHOSIS: INTERIM DATA FROM AN OBSERVATIONAL, PROSPECTIVE, MULTI-CENTER, GLOBAL HYPONATREMIA REGISTRY
Authors: S. Sigal, A. Amin, J. Chiong, J. Dasta, A. Greenberg, J. Verbalis, J. Chiodo, K. Friend
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
CLINICAL EQUIVALENCE OF EVOLOCUMAB 140 MG EVERY TWO WEEKS AND 420 MG MONTHLY DOSING REGIMENS: A POOLED ANALYSIS OF 3146 PATIENTS IN PHASE 3 STUDIES
Authors: Evan A. Stein, Michael Koren, Narimon Honarpour, Christopher Kurtz, Jingyuan Yang, Scott Wasserman, Frederick Raal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Validity of noninvasive markers of methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: C.L. Martyn-Simmons, W.M.C. Rosenberg, R. Cross, T. Wong, C.H. Smith, J.N.W.N. Barker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Methotrexate is a cost-effective systemic treatment for moderate-to-severe psoriasis, but the perceived risk of associated liver fibrosis prevents optimal use. Procollagen III aminoterminal propeptide (PIIINP) is a widely adopted noninvasive biomarker of liver fibrosis; however, its clinical utility is narrow owing to limited evidence of performance and the need for serial measurement. The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) assay is a validated biomarker of liver fibrosis. Objectives To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the ELF test compared with PIIINP for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis in a cohort of patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate. Methods A retrospective cohort study comparing the diagnostic accuracy of PIIINP and ELF in detecting liver fibrosis in patients treated with methotrexate. Liver biopsy was the reference standard. Results Twenty-seven patients were identified and included in the study. The diagnostic accuracies [area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC)] of serial PIIINP and serial ELF were 0·589 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·379–0·800] and 0·643 (95% CI 0·391–0·895), respectively, for mild fibrosis; and 0·576 (95% CI 0·237–0·916) and 0·674 (95% CI 0·421–0·927) for at least moderate fibrosis. The AUROC values for single PIIINP and single ELF were 0·582 (95% CI 0·363–0·801) and 0·693 (95% CI 0·482–0·904), respectively, for mild fibrosis; and 0·667 (95% CI 0·363–0·971) and 0·806 (95% CI 0·564–1·000) for at least moderate fibrosis. Conclusions This pilot study suggests that ELF may be at least equivalent or possibly superior to PIIINP in the detection of liver fibrosis in patients with psoriasis treated with methotrexate, and supports further investigations into the performance of ELF in this clinical setting.
Outcomes Associated with Ganciclovir Implants in Patients with AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Peter J. Kappel, Alexander C. Charonis, Gary N. Holland, Raja Narayanan, Amol D. Kulkarni, Fei Yu, David S. Boyer, Robert E. Engstrom, Baruch D. Kuppermann
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
NKX2.2 Suppresses Self-Renewal of Glioma-Initiating Cells
Authors: Teruyuki Muraguchi, Shingo Tanaka, Daisuke Yamada, Akira Tamase, Mitsutoshi Nakada, Hideo Nakamura, Takayuki Hoshii, Takako Ooshio, Yuko Tadokoro, Kazuhito Naka, Yasushi Ino, Tomoki Todo, Jun-ichi Kuratsu, Hideyuki Saya, Jun-ichiro Hamada, Atsushi Hirao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and destructive form of brain cancer. Animal models that can unravel the mechanisms underlying its progression are needed to develop rational and effective molecular therapeutic approaches. In this study, we report the development of mouse models for spontaneous gliomas representing distinct progressive stages of disease that are governed by defined genetic alterations. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC)-specific constitutive Ras activation in vivo plus p53 deficiency led to development of primarily anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), whereas combined loss of p53 plus p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) led to development of GBM (grade IV) at 100% penetrance within 6 weeks. These glioma models showed enhanced stem cell properties (stemness) accompanied by malignant progression. Notably, we determined that, in our models and in human specimens, downregulation of the homeodomain transcription factor NKX2.2, which is essential for oligodendroglial differentiation, was correlated with increased tumor malignancy. NKX2.2 overexpression by GBM-derived glioma-initiating cells (GIC) induced oligodendroglial differentiation and suppressed self-renewal capacity. By contrast, Nkx2.2 downregulation in mouse NPCs accelerated GBM formation. Importantly, the inhibitory effects of NXK2.2 on GIC self-renewal were conserved in human cells. Thus, our mouse models offer pathobiologically significant advantages to investigate the nature of brain tumors, with improved opportunities to develop novel mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.
Cronkhite Canada syndrome: a new hypothesis.
Authors: K Freeman, P P Anthony, D S Miller, A P Warin
Journal: Gut (1985)

The occurrence of Cronkhite Canada syndrome in a 78 year old man is described. The presence of total gastrointestinal mucosal atrophy with nail loss is reported for the first time. It is suggested that the polyps represent residues of aged cells with no absorptive function and that the condition results from the loss of normal proliferative stimuli or acquired resistance to them. The primary biochemical abnormality may be in the affected epithelia but the changes here could alternatively be secondary to failure of synthesis or release of growth factors.
Steps toward an Understanding of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: Manfred L. Karnovsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Chronic granulomatous disease might be regarded as an "experiment of nature," though the experiment is uncontrolled. The quest for knowledge about the disease has certainly spurred acquisition of information about the mechanisms by which white cells ingest and kill bacteria. Chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited disorder that occurs mainly in children. More accurately, as made clear in a paper by Segal et al. in the current issue,1 it is a set of diseases in which the leukocytes, particularly granulocytes, fail to perform their function of killing invading microbes (and for that matter, of dealing with certain tumor cells or . . .
Trauma and Appendicitis
Authors: C. J. G. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1923)

March of this year he had no fits, and was then discharged as recovered.The following case I saw in private with Dr. McMillan of Shotts, and to him I am indebted for the history.A. B., a female aged 21, began to have fits when she was 17, and they were becoming more severe and very frequent in spite of treatment with large doses of bromide.n December, 1920, she was put oui bromide and borax, and hasbad no fits sinoe.For the past thre months she has taken no medioine, and has had no recurrence.This patient commenoed with small doses of borax and bromide, which were gradually increased, and the combina- tion which brought about the goo result in her case was borax