tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intralesional Sodium Thiosulfate for the Treatment of Calciphylaxis
Authors: Lauren Strazzula, Sagar U. Nigwekar, David Steele, William Tsiaras, Meghan Sise, Sabina Bis, Gideon P. Smith, Daniela Kroshinsky
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Calciphylaxis is a potentially fatal disorder of abnormal calcium deposition. Patients commonly present with painful retiform to stellate purpuric lesions that often undergo ulceration and necrosis, increasing the risk of infection and life-threatening sepsis. Treatment is multifaceted, and improved outcomes have been demonstrated with intravenous sodium thiosulfate; however, the use of this medication can be limited by its adverse effects. The use of topical sodium thiosulfate has been successfully reported for superficial calcium deposits in the skin from other processes. Therefore, we hypothesized that intralesional (IL) sodium thiosulfate may be an effective treatment for the deeper lesions of cutaneous calciphylaxis. We provide a retrospective case review of 4 patients with calciphylaxis who were treated with IL sodium thiosulfate.Four patients with biopsy-proven cutaneous calciphylaxis were treated with IL sodium thiosulfate (250 mg/mL) in areas of clinically active disease. The patients tolerated the medication well, with only transient localized discomfort during injection. All 4 patients had complete healing of their ulcers and remission of disease.Intralesional sodium thiosulfate may be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for localized calciphylaxis. This novel approach requires further research and investigation.
Exercise-induced asthma without respiratory heat loss.
Authors: I Ben-Dov, E Bar-Yishay, S Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1982)

It is well documented that exercise-induced asthma is more pronounced when inspired air is cold and dry rather than warm and humid.' 2 The severity of exercise-induced asthma is closely dependent on loss of respiratory heat, needed to warm and humidify inspired air,3 and it has been suggested that airway cooling is the only stimulus triggering postexercise bronchoconstriction.3-7We present a case of an asthmatic patient who has repeatedly developed exercise-induced asthma while breathing air at body tem- perature and humidity with no respiratory heat loss.
Proposition 65: More Warning About the Risks of Tobacco
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Kizer et al<sup>1</sup>reported the implementation of California's Proposition 65, a new law that requires businesses to provide a "clear and reasonable warning" to people before exposing them to chemicals "known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxic effects." In a subsequent letter,<sup>2</sup>Dr Berger criticized the law's approach to the regulation of toxic chemicals on several grounds. One argument is that the warnings "dilute consumer awareness of really dangerous and correctly labeled products, such as cigarettes." In response to this argument, two important points should be made, which were missing in the reply by Kizer and colleagues. In the first place, the assertion that cigarettes are "correctly" labeled is debatable, a point that has been addressed elsewhere.<sup>3-5</sup>Second, there is great irony in Dr Berger's criticism in that Proposition 65 will lead to improved labeling of tobacco products. Proposition 65 will
Vasodilators in Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: A. H. Douthwaite, T. R. L. Finnegan
Journal: BMJ (1950)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aims were (1) to review inpatient burn records of Attat Hospital (Ethiopia) for the years 1983-1989, and (2) to determine the prevalence of burns and knowledge of first aid for burns in 16 communities served by Attat Hospital in rural Ethiopia. DESIGN--A retrospective review of all records was used to describe characteristics of the inpatient with burns and cost of the service. Adult members of a systematic random sample (20%) of households from 16 communities (total population = 10,183) were interviewed. Questions focused on what to do to put out the fire, what to do for first aid for a burn, the major cause of adult and childhood burns, and a history of burn in any household member. SETTING--The study was conducted at Attat Hospital and in the surrounding Gurage-Chaha Region of West Shoa Province of Ethiopia. STUDY SUBJECTS--There were 271 burn inpatients during the 7 year period from 1983-1989; 163 households were selected for interview; there were no refusals. MAIN RESULTS--During the 7 year period the cost of tertiary inpatient burn treatment at Attat Hospital has been estimated to be US$86,366.72, of which the hospital absorbed 66%. From community based information the cumulative incidence of burns in this population was found to be 5-11%. The absence of a cumulative increase in burns over time in men suggests that female respondents may not fully recall burn histories in adult male household members. The study population possess inadequate knowledge regarding burn prevention and burn first aid. Deleterious traditional compounds were used on 32% of burn patients in the villages. CONCLUSIONS--Since most burns are related to household fires, generally in the domain of women in rural Ethiopia, women9s groups may be the most appropriate setting for education on burn prevention and first aid. Burn prevention and first aid education should also be recognised as a priority in schools and in the training of community health workers.
Tuberculin testing, BCG and tuberculosis today
Authors: J Moore-Gillon
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Little progress has been made in the last 50 years

Tuberculosis is not simply a problem hanging over from the past—it is a growing challenge—but what are the risks of acquiring tuberculosis infection in childhood, and how should those risks be assessed?

In this issue of Thorax Leung and colleagues1 analyse the results of tuberculin skin testing in over 21 000 children in Hong Kong aged 6–9 years between October 1999 and February 2000. 99% of the children had received BCG vaccination in the neonatal period. The authors used three different approaches to the data to estimate the subsequent annual risk of tuberculous infection. In broad terms, one approach used the size of the tuberculin response to assess whether infection had occurred, using a cut off point of ⩾10 mm induration after skin testing with one unit of tuberculin. They then used age (which equals the number of years each child had been at risk of infection) to estimate the annual risk. This is the “classic” method. The second approach estimated the annual risk of infection by comparing the rates of tuberculin positivity in the 8–9 year old age group with those in the 6–7 year old group. The third estimated the prevalence of infection by locating a secondary peak in the tuberculin reaction distribution curve and assuming that, among those with tuberculosis infection, there would …
Pulse versus continuous terbinafine for onychomycosis: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial
Authors: Erin M. Warshaw, Debra D. Fett, Hanna E. Bloomfield, Joseph P. Grill, David B. Nelson, Vicente Quintero, Susan M. Carver, Gary R. Zielke, Frank A. Lederle
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
ENHANCEMENT OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS BY 6-MERCAPTOPURINE
Authors: Devendrathan Chanmougan, Robert S. Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

The administration of 6-MP to rabbits led to either suppression or enhancement of antibody production, depending on when the drug was given in relation to the antigenic challenge. Maximum enhancement of antibody synthesis was found when a small dose of BGG was administered 5 days after the last dose of a 1 wk course of 6-MP. There were no indications that the macrophage system or immunological memory was affected in animals with augmented antibody synthesis. It was proposed that enhancement of antibody production by 6-MP was due to nucleic acids released from cells killed or injured by the drug. It was suggested that lymphocytes incorporating these nucleic acids were transformed into specialized cells capable of direct and immediate stimulation by antigen and lacking immunological memory (hemocytoblasts). A relatively small dose of antigen was apparently capable of stimulating all the hemocytoblasts representing a given clone) with the result that large amounts of antibody rapidly appeared in the serum.
Comparing bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines
Authors: R. H. M. Verheijen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Modelling can help, but the tender price determines cost 

In September 2008, the Department of Health in the United Kingdom started a national vaccination programme of human papillomavirus (HPV) in 12-13 year old schoolgirls. A catch-up programme for girls up to the age of 18 was simultaneously started. At that time, Jit and colleagues reported cost comparisons of the two available vaccines.1 Their cost threshold analysis showed that if the bivalent vaccine, Cervarix, which protects against HPV types 16 and 18, cost £13 (€15; $21) to £21 less per dose than the quadrivalent vaccine, Gardasil, both vaccines would be equally cost effective, although the bivalent vaccine would be less effective because it does not prevent anogenital warts. In an accompanying editorial, Kim concluded that policy decisions would continue to benefit from such model based analysis.2

Now, three years later, a political decision is again needed on the continuation of the vaccination programme, and Jit and colleagues have re-evaluated the two vaccines, taking into account more potential differences between the vaccines (doi:10.1136/bmj.d5775).3 They conclude that at the same price level the quadrivalent vaccine is still more cost effective and that the price differential between both vaccines seems larger than stated in their previous analysis.

In 2008 it …
Agranulocytosis: Report of Five Cases with Two Recoveries.
Authors: J. MORRISON HUTCHESON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 March 1930Agranulocytosis: Report of Five Cases with Two Recoveries.J. MORRISON HUTCHESON, M.D.J. MORRISON HUTCHESON, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-9-904 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past few years a considerable literature has accumulated dealing with agranulocytic angina or agranulocytosis. This consists of case reports, autopsy studies and discussions as to the nature of the condition. Several explanations have been offered, no one of which is entirely satisfactory. That it is a clinical entity as thought by Schultz1 and others is seriously questioned, many observers taking the view that it represents merely an unusual response of the leucocytes to infection as was held by Turk,2 who described an identical picture under the title of "Septic diseases with destruction of granulocytes."Of the cases reported, the...References1 SCHULTZ W: Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1922, 48, 1495. Google Scholar2 TURK W: Wien. klin. Wchnschr., 1907, 20, 157. Google Scholar3 KASTLIN GJ: Am. Jour. Med. Sci., June, 1927. Google Scholar4 HUEPER WC: Arch. Int. Med., December, 1928. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Richmond, Va. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAn Agranulocytic Blood Picture with a Pneumococcic SepticemiaSHERBURNE CAMPBELL, M. D., THOMAS P. MURDOCK, M. D., F. A. C. P.Das Krankheitsbild der Agranulocytose 1 March 1930Volume 3, Issue 9Page: 904-909KeywordsAnginaAutopsyGranulocytesInfectious diseases Issue Published: 1 March 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Quantitative urinalysis. Diagnosing urinary tract infection in men
Authors: D. M. Musher
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Using a hemocytometer, we determined the number of white blood cells (WBCs) per milliliter in uncentrifuged urine specimens. Uninfected urine usually contained less than or equal to 10(3) WBCs per milliliter, although up to 8 X 10(3) WBCs per milliliter were observed. Infected urine regularly contained greater than 10(4) WBCs per milliliter, and the mean WBC count per millimeter for urine from infected patients was 3.1 X 10(5). The absence of pyuria thus provides strong evidence against the presence of urinary tract infection. Similar results were obtained in patients who had indwelling catheters, suggesting that bacteriuria reflects the presence of infection rather than colonization. Valid data are easily obtainable by quantitative urinalysis of uncentrifuged urine specimens. There are obvious differences in WBCs per milliliter, with little overlap between infected and uninfected urine. This method of analysis should replace traditional means of counting WBCs per visual field in a centrifuged, resuspended urine sediment.
Hyperstimulation With Interleukin 6 Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression After Hepatectomy in Mice
Authors: Torsten Wüstefeld, Tim Rakemann, Stefan Kubicka, Michael P. Manns, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an important mediator of hepatocyte proliferation after hepatectomy. However, elevated IL-6 levels are found in patients with chronic liver disease. Therefore, it is unclear if hyperstimulation with IL-6 may have an influence on liver regeneration. We investigated whether a strong activation of IL-6-dependent pathways may change the course of hepatocyte proliferation after hepatectomy. Transgenic mice overexpressing the human soluble IL-6 receptor/gp80 (hsgp80) in hepatocytes were stimulated with or without hepatectomy with human IL-6 (hIL-6). Nuclear extracts were prepared and activation of gp130-dependent pathways was studied by Western blot and gel shift experiments. Cell cycle progression of hepatocytes after hepatectomy was investigated by monitoring cell cycle-specific factors. hIL-6 strongly activates Stat3 for more than 48 hours in human soluble hsgp80 transgenic mice. In contrast, no major differences were evident in the regulation of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway compared with wild-type (wt) mice. Also when hsgp80 mice were stimulated with hIL-6 3 hours before hepatectomy Stat3 is activated for more than 72 hours, whereas in unstimulated mice this event is restricted to the early hours. Strong activation of Stat3 resulted in a delay and inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation as measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining and Cyclin A and E expression. This observation directly correlates with the induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. In summary, strong IL-6-dependent activation of Stat3 before hepatectomy results in delay and inhibition of cell cycle progression after hepatectomy. Therefore our results suggest that hyperstimulation with IL-6 can inhibit liver regeneration.
Hypodermoclysis for the Administration of Fluids and Narcotic Analgesics in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: E. BRUERA, M. A. LEGRIS, N. KUEHN, M. J. MILLER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Hypodermoclysis for the Administration of Fluids and Narcotic Analgesics in Patients With Advanced Cancer Get access EDUARDO BRUERA, EDUARDO BRUERA Palliative Care Unit Edmonton General Hospital University of Alberta 111 Jasper AveEdmonton, AB Canada T5K OL4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARY ANN LEGRIS, MARY ANN LEGRIS Palliative Care Unit Edmonton General Hospital University of Alberta 111 Jasper AveEdmonton, AB Canada T5K OL4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar NORMA KUEHN, NORMA KUEHN Palliative Care Unit Edmonton General Hospital University of Alberta 111 Jasper AveEdmonton, AB Canada T5K OL4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. MILLER M. J. MILLER Palliative Care Unit Edmonton General Hospital University of Alberta 111 Jasper AveEdmonton, AB Canada T5K OL4 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 14, 19 July 1989, Pages 1108–1109, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.14.1108 Published: 19 July 1989
A Brief Patient-Reported Outcomes Quality of Life (PROQOL) Instrument to Improve Patient Care
Authors: Jennifer L. Ridgeway, Timothy J. Beebe, Christopher G. Chute, David T. Eton, Lacey A. Hart, Marlene H. Frost, Daniel Jensen, Victor M. Montori, John G. Smith, Steven A. Smith, Angelina D. Tan, Kathleen J. Yost, Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss, Jeff A. Sloan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Jeff Sloan and colleagues describe the development of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Quality of Life (PROQOL) instrument, which captures and stores patient-recorded outcomes in the medical record for patients with diabetes. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Recovered consciousness: A proposal for making consciousness integral to neuropsychological theories of memory in humans and nonhumans
Authors: Morris Moscovitch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Why is consciousness associated with recovery of memories that are initially dependent on the hippocampal system? A hypothesis is proposed that the medial temporal lobe/hippocampal complex (MTL/H) receives as its input only information that is consciously apprehended. By a process termed “cohesion,” the MTL/H binds into a memory trace those neural elements that mediated the conscious experience so that effectively, “consciousness” is an integral part of the memory trace. It is the phenomenological records of events (Conway 1992), integrated consciousness-content packets, that are recovered when memory traces are retrieved.
Unsuspected Bilateral Pleural Effusions on a Renal Scan
Authors: H RICHARD BATES, JOSEPHINE M. PICCONE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Radionuclide renal imaging demonstrated large bilateral pleural effusions while only a small right effusion was suspected clinically. In addition, apparent perfusion to the left kidney actually represents splenic activity. Both of these findings were substantiated by autops
An Unexpected Role for Uric Acid as an Inducer of T Helper 2 Cell Immunity to Inhaled Antigens and Inflammatory Mediator of Allergic Asthma
Authors: Mirjam Kool, Monique A.M. Willart, Menno van Nimwegen, Ingrid Bergen, Philippe Pouliot, J. Christian Virchow, Neil Rogers, Fabiola Osorio, Caetano Reis e Sousa, Hamida Hammad, Bart N. Lambrecht
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Gall bladder lithotripsy.
Authors: A. Darzi, E. el-Sayed, F. B. Keane
Journal: BMJ (1989)

should a second prosthesis be provided.2Mr Keetarut describes a world seen only from the perspective of a professional, who despite his interviews with patients seems to have missed the opportunity to consider the provision of a spare limb from the perspective of amputees.Mv sister in law has had a through knee amputa- tion.She is under 30 and mother of an 18 month old child.Although she may be unusual in being young and having lost a limb, she is not excep- tional.She has to travel 72 km to a limb centre;
Diaphragm Strength In Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: PHILIP D. HUGHES, MICHAEL I. POLKEY, M. LOU HARRIS, ANDREW J. S. COATS, JOHN MOXHAM, MALCOLM GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Reduced respiratory muscle strength has been reported in chronic heart failure (CHF) in several studies. The data supporting this conclusion come almost exclusively from static inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure maneuvers (MIP, MEP), which many subjects find difficult to perform. We therefore performed a study using measurements that are less dependent on patient aptitude and also provide specific data on diaphragm strength. In 20 male patients and 15 control subjects we measured MIP and MEP as well as esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure during maximal sniffs (Sn Pes, Sn Pdi) and cervical magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation (Tw Pdi). In a subgroup the response to paired phrenic nerve stimulation (pTw Pdi) at interpulse intervals from 10 to 200 ms (5 to 100 Hz) was also determined. As expected, MIP was significantly reduced in the CHF group (CHF, 69.5 cm H(2)O; control, 96.7 cm H(2)O; p = 0.01), but differences were much less marked for Sn Pes (CHF, 95.2 cm H(2)O; control, 104.8 cm H(2)O; p = 0.20) and MEP (CHF, 109.1 cm H(2)O; control, 135.7 cm H(2)O; p = 0.09). Diaphragm strength was significantly reduced (Sn Pdi: CHF, 123.8 cm H(2)O; control 143.5 cm H(2)O; p = 0.04. Tw Pdi: CHF, 21.4 cm H(2)O; control, 28.5 cm H(2)O; p = 0.0005). Paired phrenic nerve stimulation suggested a trend to increased twitch summation at 5 to 20 Hz in CHF, although this did not reach significance. We conclude that mild reduction in diaphragm strength occurs in CHF, possibly because of an increased proportion of slow fibers, but overall strength of the respiratory muscles remains well preserved.
Loss of the insulin receptor in murine megakaryocytes/platelets causes thrombocytosis and alterations in IGF signalling
Authors: S. F. Moore, C. M. Williams, E. Brown, T. A. Blair, M. T. Harper, R. J. Coward, A. W. Poole, I. Hers
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

AimsPatients with conditions that are associated with insulin resistance such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome have an increased risk of thrombosis and a concurrent hyperactive platelet phenotype. Our aim was to determine whether insulin resistance of megakaryocytes/platelets promotes platelet hyperactivation.
Arsenicated Wall-Papers
Authors: J. Whitehead
Journal: BMJ (1858)

A PARAGRAPH has recently appeared in several newspapers on the subject of arsenicated wall-papers, containing a statement of which the tendency will be to mislead those who happen not to he well acquainted with the subject.It appears that the Commissioners of Inland Revenue, hav- ing entertained the impression that the green paper with 'Which some of their offices were lined was injurious to health, directed Mr. Phillips, their chemist, to institute an investiga- tion as to whether such papers, as had been alleged by Dr.Halley, were likely to produce a poisonous influence on the system." Mr. Phillips's report, which (as the paragraph states) is printed in the Joutrnzal of the Society of Arts, is perfectly con- clusive in solving this question in the negative."Now this statement, correct no doubt in so far as it has reference to the papers which Mr. Phillips examined, may not equally apply to green papers generally.Mr. Phlillips rightly states that the degree of heat which would be necessary to volatilise arsenic would be humanly in- supportable, and consequently arsenic is not likely to be libe-
Angiocardiography of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Otto G. Thilenius
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This 690-page textbook discusses in 52 chapters all aspects of angiocardiography of congenital heart disease. It is equally useful for a young trainee and for the experienced angiocardiographer who needs a reference for an unusual anomaly. The text is written in concise, clear language. When necessary for the understanding of a lesion, a short discussion of embryology or pathology is given. As such discussions have to be short, they cannot deal with the current controversies. This restraint helps to highlight the true purpose of this text: the angiographic documentation of congenital heart disease with its countless variations. The abundant illustrations of each chapter range invariably from very good to magnificent quality. It is a joy to read these chapters and to review in one's own mind that a better angiographic view can hardly be obtained. The reference sections, appended to each chapter, list pertinent literature from the past five to
Pleomorphic Epithelioid Diffuse Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Clinicopathological Review and Conceptual Proposal to Reclassify as Biphasic or Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma
Authors: Kyuichi Kadota, Kei Suzuki, Camelia S. Sima, Valerie W. Rusch, Prasad S. Adusumilli, William D. Travis
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)