tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE AND POSTOPERATIVE TUBERCULOSIS OF URINARY TRACT
Authors: STANLEY L. WANG
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This is a description of the methods of the treatment of inoperable and postoperative urologic tuberculosis as it is administered at the Urological Department (James Buchanan Brady Foundation) of the New York Hospital. During the spring of 1926 a special department was established for the investigation and treatment of inoperable and postoperative urologic tuberculosis. This department was established for the following reasons: It had been found that urogenital tuberculosis is an increasingly important part of urologic work. The modern methods of diagnosis, such as the determination of renal function, genito-urinary roentgenologic studies, the wider usage of guinea-pig inoculations, etc., have shown that the genito-urinary tract is a not infrequent site for tuberculosis. It has therefore followed that a larger number of these patients are appearing for care and treatment. The treatment of genito-urinary tuberculosis is essentially surgical when the tuberculous lesion can be entirely extirpated in an individual who is
The Presence of a Natriuretic Factor in Urine of Patients with Chronic Uremia. THE ABSENCE OF THE FACTOR IN NEPHROTIC UREMIC PATIENTS
Authors: Jacques J. Bourgoignie, Kuo Hwa Hwang, Ebrahim Ipakchi, Neal S. Bricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

A gel filtration fraction of serum from chronically uremic patients has been shown previously to produce natriuresis in the rat. In the present studies, the same fraction from urine of uremic patients and normal subjects was studied for its natriuretic activity. Urine samples were obtained from 17 chronically uremic patients (mean glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 8.7 ml/min; mean fractional sodium excretion [FE(Na)], 5.7%), and 14 normal subjects. The fraction from the uremic patients produced a significant increase in absolute sodium excretion (U(Na)V) and FE(Na); the fraction from normal subjects had no statistically significant effect on either U(Na)V or FE(Na); and the difference between the response to the uremic vs. normal fractions was highly significant for both parameters of sodium excretion. When a more concentrated urine fraction from uremic patients was administered, a striking natriuresis was observed with values for FE(Na) rising to levels as high as 12%. Studies also were performed on eight patients with far advanced chronic renal insufficiency and the nephrotic syndrome. The serum fraction was studied in each of these patients and the urine fraction in three. For the group, U(Na)V in the assay rats decreased by 0.87 mueq/min and FE(Na) decreased by 1.35% after infusion of the serum fraction. These results differ significantly from those of patients with chronic uremia without the nephrotic syndrome. The data are consistent with the view that the increased activity of the natriuretic factor in the serum of chronically uremic patients is not due to failure of excretion; rather it relates either to an increased rate of production and/or a decreased rate of degradation. The data also show that the inhibitor is detectable when FE(Na) is increased, but not when uremia is associated with a sodium-retaining state.
Quercetin transiently increases energy expenditure but persistently decreases circulating markers of inflammation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Laura K. Stewart, Jeff L. Soileau, David Ribnicky, Zhong Q. Wang, Ilya Raskin, Alexander Poulev, Martin Majewski, William T. Cefalu, Thomas W. Gettys
Journal: Metabolism (2008)
Unilateral Small Kidney
Authors: Harvey L. Neiman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>Common</h3> Chronic pyelonephritis Obstructive renal atrophy Renal artery stenosis with ischemia (eg, arteriosclerosis, thromboembolism, fibromuscular hyperplasia, congenital stenosis) <h3>Uncommon</h3> Congenital hypoplastic kidney Partial nephrectomy Radiation therapy Renal infarction (late) Tuberculosis <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Chronic pyelonephritis. <h3>Comment</h3> The excretory urogram demonstrates a poorly functioning, small right kidney and a normal left kidney (Fig 1). A selected view from the early arterial phase of an aortogram shows reduced vascularity of the small right kidney (Fig 2). Capillary phase of the aortogram shows indentations on the outline of the small right kidney with clear demarcation of cortex and medulla (Fig 3). Unilateral small kidney, as seen here, may result from a number of causes. First, however, the "small" kidney must be defined. In general, renal size is proportional to body size. In children 1 1/2 to 14 years of age, the average kidney length corresponds to
Immunoprophylaxis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: LOWELL S. YOUNG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 June 1971Immunoprophylaxis of Pseudomonas aeruginosaLOWELL S. YOUNG, M.D., DONALD ARMSTRONG, M.D., F.A.C.P.LOWELL S. YOUNG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DONALD ARMSTRONG, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-6-1012_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We believe that Dr. Kehl Markley's comments on the immunoprophylaxis ofPseudomonas aeruginosainfections published in the January issue of the ANNALSare too optimistic. None of the researchers cited in the references on studies of vaccine in humans with burns achieved statistically significant results while employing simultaneous, randomized controls. In his Reference 2, for instance, it is clear from the printed discussion that follows that paper that patients who received vaccine had smaller burn wound areas than unvaccinated patients at that center. Furthermore, in other published studies there is a paucity of specific data on topical... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Infectious Disease Service Department of Medicine Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases New York, N.Y. 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1971Volume 74, Issue 6Page: 1012-1013KeywordsBurnsPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas infectionsVaccines Issue Published: 1 June 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
High-Cost Users of Medical Care
Authors: Christopher J. Zook, Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Cost characteristics of hospital patients were analyzed in 2238 medical records randomly selected from 42,880 dicharges in six contrasting hospital populations in the year 1976. Total hospital billings were concentrated on a few patients. On average, the high-cost 13% of patients consumed as many resources as the low-cost 87%. Repeated hospitalizations for the same disease were more characteristic of the expensive patients than were single cost-intensive stays, "intensive care," or prolonged single hospitalizations. Potentially harmful personal habits (e.g., drinking and smoking) were indicated in the records of high-cost patients substantially more often than in those of low-cost patients. Unexpected complications during treatment were five times more frequent in the high-cost group. Public policy programs for health insurance or cost control should include provisions based on the special characteristics of high-cost patients.
Substance P (SP) Induces Expression of Functional Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor-1 (CRHR-1) in Human Mast Cells
Authors: S. Asadi, B. Zhang, K. Alysandratos, A. Angelidou, M. Vasiadi, T. Theoharides
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Phenytoin Interference With Dexamethasone
Authors: James J. Boylan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Diphenylhydantoin, now officially named phenytoin, interferes with the effect of dexamethasone by increasing its renal and biliary excretion.<sup>1,2</sup>This acceleration of dexamethasone catabolism probably accounts for the failure of low doses of dexamethasone to suppress plasma corticosteroids and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids when phenytoin is used concurrently.<sup>3</sup>The following report indicates that phenytoin may reduce the potency of dexamethasone in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus developed in a 15-year-old girl in 1973. It was manifested by arthritis, alopecia, leukopenia, fever, renal disease, and hypertension. Serum antinuclear antibody studies and lupus erythematosus preparations were positive. Serum C3 values ranged from 45 to 90 mg/100 ml. Urinary sediment contained numerous leukocytes, erythrocytes, and granular and red blood cell casts. Percutaneous renal biopsy revealed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. For 14 months, therapy was maintained with prednisone, methyldopa, chlorthalidone, and hydralazine hydrochloride. The patient
Nested Case–Control Study of Autoimmune Disease in an Asbestos-ExposedPopulation
Authors: Curtis W. Noonan, Jean C. Pfau, Theodore C. Larson, Michael R. Spence
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

To explore the potential association between asbestos exposure and risk of autoimmune disease, we conducted a case-control study among a cohort of 7,307 current and former residents of Libby, Montana, a community with historical occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite.Cases were defined as those who reported having one of three systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs): systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Controls were randomly selected at a 3:1 ratio from among the remaining 6,813 screening participants using frequency-matched age and sex groupings.The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SAIDs among those >or=65 years of age who had worked for the vermiculite mining company were 2.14 (95% CI, 0.90-5.10) for all SAIDs and 3.23 (95% CI, 1.31-7.96) for RA. In this age group, exposure to asbestos while in the military was also an independent risk factor, resulting in a tripling in risk. Other measures of occupational exposure to vermiculite indicated 54% and 65% increased risk for SAIDs and RA, respectively. Those who had reported frequent contact with vermiculite through various exposure pathways also demonstrated elevated risk for SAIDs and RA. We found increasing risk estimates for SAIDs with increasing numbers of reported vermiculite exposure pathways (p<0.001).These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that asbestos exposure is associated with autoimmune disease. Refined measurements of asbestos exposure and SAID status among this cohort will help to further clarify the relationship between these variables.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR): Results and Prognostic Factors in 21 Patients
Authors: None Giovannini, None Bernardini, None Moutardier, None Monges, None Houvenaeghel, None Seitz, None Derlpero
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Background and Study Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic mucosectomy (EM), and to present our experience with the endoscopic removal of superficial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.
Remarks ON INFECTION BY B. COLI IN THE PUERPERIUM, AND ON THE INFECTIVE CONDITIONS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: H. J. F. Simson, J. M. Bernstein
Journal: BMJ (1914)

FEVER during tlle puerperium is perhaps the cause of more anxiety to the medical practitioner than anythiing else, and tlle point of greatest importance at the outset of such cases is to determine the cause, and, if this be of an infective nature, to isolate the organisms with a view to specific treatment.Etiologically, we may recognize two main groups according as to whether the cause be avoidable, as, for example, in septicaemia, or unavoidable, as in autogenous *infections.Here we do not propose to deal witlh the septicaemic states, in which, though the metlhods of
Sleep Specialists Weigh Hypnotics, Behavioral Therapies for Insomnia
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

WHEN ARE SLEEP problems part of the human experience, and when are they pathological? Can hypnotics help chronic insomnia? Do patients develop tolerance and dependence? Which behavioral strategies work best, and what improves patient compliance? These and other clinical controversies in insomnia kept audiences wide awake at this year's joint annual meeting of the American Sleep Disorders Association and Sleep Research Society in San Francisco, Calif. Some 27% of 26 000 primary care patients in 15 countries reported that they experienced persistent insomnia in a recent World Health Organization study. Insomnia is a broad term that encompasses trouble falling asleep or staying asleep and the perception that sleep is not refreshing or restorative. Its daytime consequences include diminished alertness, concentration, and memory, as well as depressed mood. About 1 in 10 persons claims to have suffered insomnia most nights or every night for 1 month or longer, and thus is
National HIV Case Reporting for the United States — A Defining Moment in the History of the Epidemic
Authors: Gostin Lo, Ward Jw, Baker Ac
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Reporting of patients with AIDS by name (AIDS surveillance) has until now formed the cornerstone of the nation's efforts to monitor and characterize the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. AIDS surveillance tracked the growth of the disease from a small number of cases in a few large cities on the East and West coasts to a national epidemic and a leading cause of death among persons 25 to 44 years of age.1 AIDS surveillance focuses on the most advanced stage of HIV disease, which — in the absence of effective treatment — develops on average 10 years after . . .
Salmonella Require the Fatty Acid Regulator PPARδ for the Establishment of a Metabolic Environment Essential for Long-Term Persistence
Authors: Nicholas A. Eisele, Thomas Ruby, Amanda Jacobson, Paolo S. Manzanillo, Jeffery S. Cox, Lilian Lam, Lata Mukundan, Ajay Chawla, Denise M. Monack
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
Tenascin-C patterns and splice variants in actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: C. Dang, M. Gottschling, J. Roewert, T. Forschner, E. Stockfleth, I. Nindl
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Tenascin‐C (Tn‐C) is an extracellular matrix protein with multiple functions that is present at low levels in normal tissues, but which is highly present in various tumours. The mRNA expression and protein level of Tn‐C including its various isoforms have not been investigated comprehensively so far in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the precursor lesion actinic keratosis (AK). Objectives To assess the dysregulated expression and splice variants of Tn‐C in cutaneous squamous cell dysplasia and carcinoma. Methods Biopsies from 66 patients (or representative subsets) that comprised 25 specimens from normal skin, 19 AK and 22 cutaneous SCC were analysed for Tn‐C splice variants using splice‐specific primers. The amount of Tn‐C mRNA was investigated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the presence of Tn‐C protein was analysed in sections of paraffin‐embedded tissues using immunohistochemistry. Results The large Tn‐C splice variant was present in only 5% of normal skin samples, in comparison with 63% of AK (P < 0·001) and 88% of SCC (P < 0·001). Tn‐C mRNA expression was significantly increased in AK and SCC compared with normal skin (P < 0·001). The corresponding proteins were rarely detected in cells of the vascular epithelial layers and perifollicular layers of some normal skin specimens, and their spatial localization expanded into the papillary dermis of AK. The largest amount and the widest distribution were found in samples of SCC, in which Tn‐C was located in the basal cells at the tumour invasion front and additionally in the papillary dermis and reticular dermis. Conclusions Tn‐C is present in the dermis, its expression is increased during skin cancer development, and the large splice variant is characteristic for AK and SCC, which may prove useful for diagnostic approaches in cutaneous SCC.
Conductive education at the Peto Institute, Budapest.
Authors: R. O. Robinson, G. T. McCarthy, T. M. Little
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Conductive education, which was developed at the Petö Institute in Budapest, has been publicised incorrectly as a method of treatment for children with cerebral palsy. From the results of information given and our own observations during a week's visit to the institute we conclude that a minority of carefully selected children with cerebral palsy and spina bifida, who have a relatively good prognosis, are educated at the institute; the education is carried out with appropriate medical, surgical, and orthotic intervention; and the children probably function better as a result of the intensive programme than do similar children in Britain in areas where therapy is scarce. They seem to achieve, however, what we would expect similar children in Britain to do when facilities are adequate. Though our findings do not therefore justify using public funds to refer children to the institute, some (self selected) families benefit from a visit, particularly from the positive attitudes of the staff. The role of the conductor and the integration of programmes into a classroom setting have much to recommend them, and conductive education, if successfully transferred to Britain, might be beneficial to a wider range of children than in Hungary.
The gene coding for PGC-1α modifies age at onset in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Patrick Weydt, Selma M Soyal, Cinzia Gellera, Stefano DiDonato, Claus Weidinger, Hannes Oberkofler, G Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Wolfgang Patsch
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2009)

Huntington's disease (HD) is one of the most common autosomal dominant inherited, neurodegenerative disorders. It is characterized by progressive motor, emotional and cognitive dysfunction. In addition metabolic abnormalities such as wasting and altered energy expenditure are increasingly recognized as clinical hallmarks of the disease. HD is caused by an unstable CAG repeat expansion in the HD gene (HTT), localized on chromosome 4p16.3. The number of CAG repeats in the HD gene is the main predictor of disease-onset, but the remaining variation is strongly heritable. Transcriptional dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest that PGC-1alpha, a transcriptional master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, is defective in HD. A genome wide search for modifier genes of HD age-of-onset had suggested linkage at chromosomal region 4p16-4p15, near the locus of PPARGC1A, the gene coding for PGC-1alpha. We now present data of 2-loci PPARGC1A block 2 haplotypes, showing an effect upon age-at-onset in 447 unrelated HD patients after statistical consideration of CAG repeat lengths in both HTT alleles. Block 1 haplotypes were not associated with the age-at-onset. Homozygosity for the 'protective' block 2 haplotype was associated with a significant delay in disease onset. To our knowledge this is the first study to show clinically relevant effects of the PGC-1alpha system on the course of Huntington's disease in humans.
RUNT DISEASE INDUCED IN NEONATAL MICE BY STERILE BACTERIAL VACCINES
Authors: Richard D. Ekstedt, Edwin T. Nishimura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

A form of runt disease has been produced in neonatal CF-1 and ICR mice by the repeated injection of 10(9) washed, autoclaved, saline-suspended staphylococci or streptococci. The most severely affected animals showed a marked decrease in lymphoid tissues and resembled grossly and microscopically animals suffering from the classical runt or wasting disease described by others. The timing of the initial antigenic stimulation was of importance, and animals started on their course of injections at an age of 48 hours or older showed no effect. There was a considerable variation in the severity of the disease within litters and from one litter to another. This variation could not be ascribed to a difference in susceptibility between sexes, since both male and female mice were observed to runt under appropriate conditions. Germ-free ICR mice were much more resistant to the runting phenomenon than conventional animals of the same strain, but could be induced to runt by injection of the staphylococcal vaccine suspended in homologous antiserum. The relationship of the runting phenomenon described here and classical runt disease or runting by adrenal hormones is discussed.
SUITABILITY OF ICD-9 CODING AS THE BASIS FOR COMPARISONS OF HEART FAILURE PERFORMANCE: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY COMPARING CODING PROCEDURES TO CLINICIAN REVIEW
Authors: Parag Patel, Kathleen H. Toto, Lauren L. Nelson, Billy J. Moore, Timothy S. Swanson, Mark H. Drazner, Ruben Amarasingham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Public Attitudes to A.I.D
Authors: D. Pariente
Journal: BMJ (1973)

12 hours.His E.C.G. was monitored and he went into atrial fibrillation on a second occasion, reverting to sinus rhythm after six hours, again without treatment.His neurological condition showed steady improvement and he was dis- charged walking with sticks.The cause of his atrial fibrillation remains obscure though toxic myocarditis is a possibility.He had no obvious chest or other infec- tion nor evidence of ischaemic heart disease either clinically or on E.C.G.s taken before and after exertion."Paralysis of the heart" in neuropathy was described by Oslerl in 1892 and tachycardia was noted by Guillain,2 Kernohan,3 and others.Davies and Dingle4 described five patients with Guillain-Barrd syndrome, all on respirators, who had tachycardia, one of whom showed ventricular ectopic beats on the E.C.G.Of 15 recent cases seen in this hospital, eight had a pulse rate (between 120 and 160/min and half showed non-specific S-T changes in the E.C.G.This tachycardia was out of proportion to any expected rise asso- ciated with a pyrexia and tended to occur at the height of the illness.It may be that the mortality of around 10%5 seen in this condition despite effective positive pressure respiration may be in part due to cardiac arrhythmias, and on the pre- mise that these are potentially treatable E.C.G. monitoring of all patients showing a sustained tachycardia is advisable.I would like to thank Dr. P. Millac for per- mission to report this case and for helpful criticism.