tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PAX3-FOXO1 Induces Cannabinoid Receptor 1 to Enhance Cell Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Amy D. Marshall, Irina Lagutina, Gerard C. Grosveld
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a muscle-derived childhood tumor characterized by production of oncogenic PAX3/7-FOXO1 chimeric transcription factors. While downstream targets of the PAX3-FOXO1 oncoprotein in ARMS have been defined, the functional relevance of these targets is unclear. Here, we show that upregulation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (Cnr1/Cb1) by PAX3-FOXO1 in mouse primary myoblasts and ARMS cell lines, contributes to PAX3-FOXO1 phenotypes, both in vivo and in vitro. In primary myoblasts, Cnr1 was dispensable for PAX3-FOXO1 to mediate cell proliferation, differentiation, or transformation; however, Cnr1 function was essential to increase the invasive capacity conferred by PAX3-FOXO1 overexpression in these cells. Genetic or pharmacologic abrogation of Cnr1 inhibited the enhanced basement membrane invasion induced by PAX3-FOXO1. Cnr1 loss by either route also dramatically reduced lung metastasis formation. Taken together, our findings strongly implicate Cnr1 as a novel tractable target to inhibit ARMS invasion and metastasis.
1078. Therapeutic Misconception in Early Phase Gene Transfer Trials
Authors: Gail E. Henderson, Michele E. Easter, Catherine Zimmer, Nancy M.P. King, Arlene M. Davis, Barbra Bluestone Rothschild, Larry R. Churchill, Benjamin S. Wilfond, Daniel K. Nelson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Many subjects in early phase clinical trials are motivated by the expectation that they will benefit in some way from the research intervention. This may be especially true when there is a diagnosis of terminal illnesses for which standard treatments have been exhausted, or when scientific and lay publications promote an exciting new technology such as |[ldquo]|gene therapy|[rdquo]|. It is understandable that people may hope for improvement in their condition, no matter what the evidence. Yet unreasonable expectation of medical benefit from early phase trials may signal a breakdown of informed consent, stemming from investigators' failure to explain that direct medical benefit from an early phase experimental intervention is unlikely or even impossible, or from subjects' misunderstanding of the purposes of such research. Appelbaum and Lidz first described the therapeutic misconception (TM) as the mistaken belief |[ldquo]|that the research, like the therapy [subjects] have received previously, is designed and will be executed in a manner of direct benefit to them|[rdquo]|. Empirical studies have clearly documented the presence of TM, but they have not defined or measured it in the same way, nor have they captured its complexity. Attempts to define the predictors of TM suffer from similar methodological problems. Few studies include both subject and study level variables, and only one jointly assesses their contribution through multivariate analysis. In this paper, we address some of the problems in the analysis of TM by using data from recent interviews with researchers and subjects and analysis of consent forms in early phase gene transfer research (GTR). We present a new approach to TM measurement that combines three indicators of unrealistic expectations. We then examine predictors of subjects' TM with a multivariate model. Our findings demonstrate the effects of both subject and study level factors on TM, and suggest ways that subjects' TM might be identified and reduced.
A Consultation Service in Geriatric Medicine at a University Hospital
Authors: Knight Steel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> At Boston University Medical Center, a consultative service in geriatric medicine has been functioning for approximately one year.<sup>1</sup>Designed to provide a comprehensive consultation for the geriatric patient at a short-term care university hospital and to be an integral part of a training program for house staff, students, and other professionals, the service is staffed by a geriatric nurse practitioner-clinical specialist and an internist with a special interest in geriatric medicine. An analysis of the first 125 requests for consultation shows the following reasons given by the physician requesting a consultation: general geriatric evaluation (52), "aftercare" evaluation (35), rehabilitative potential (34), and mental status evaluation (4). Patients seen have been located on the general medical service (68), the orthopedic service (16), the surgical service (14), the medical oncology unit (11), the neurology service (8), the psychiatry service (5), the renal dialysis unit (2), and the spinal
Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Joann G. Elmore, Barnett S. Kramer
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Additional Prognostic Value of Coronary Flow Reserve in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients With Negative Dipyridamole Stress Echocardiography by Wall Motion Criteria
Authors: Lauro Cortigiani, Fausto Rigo, Sonia Gherardi, Rosa Sicari, Maurizio Galderisi, Francesco Bovenzi, Eugenio Picano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Why Do Some Individuals Have More Infections Than Others?
Authors: Jerry A. Winkelstein
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
One thousand heart attacks in Grampian: the place of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general practice.
Authors: G R Pai, N E Haites, J M Rawles
Journal: BMJ (1987)

The outcome of 1011 heart attacks in patients under the care of general practitioners who practised cardiopulmonary resuscitation and were equipped with defibrillators is reported. The 28 day mortality was 36% (367 patients), and 59% of deaths occurred outside hospital. The general practitioner was the first medical contact in 92% of heart attacks and was equipped with a defibrillator in 80% of such calls. Fifty six patients had a cardiac arrest in the presence of a general practitioner, and resuscitation was attempted in 47 cases, representing 5% of all calls for heart attacks. Twenty one (45%) resuscitated patients reached hospital alive, and 13 (28%) survived to leave hospital. The opportunities for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in general practice occur sufficiently often to warrant training and equipping general practitioners for advanced life support. The results of resuscitation by general practitioners working alone compare favourably with those of mobile coronary care units based in hospitals.
Changes of HBsAg and interferon-inducible protein 10 serum levels in naive HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients under 4-year entecavir therapy
Authors: George Papatheodoridis, John Goulis, Spilios Manolakopoulos, Aikaterini Margariti, Xenofon Exarchos, Georgios Kokkonis, Emilia Hadziyiannis, Christos Papaioannou, Emanuel Manesis, Dimitrios Pectasides, Evangelos Akriviadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
A Brief Retrospective Report on the Feasibility of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and KRAS Mutation Analysis in Transesophageal Ultrasound- and Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Cytological Aspirates
Authors: Olga C.J. Schuurbiers, Monika G. Looijen-Salamon, Marjolijn J.L. Ligtenberg, Henricus F.M. van der Heijden
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Quality improvement report: The "jaundice hotline" for the rapid assessment of patients with jaundice
Authors: J. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Patients with jaundice require rapid diagnosis and treatment, yet such patients are often subject to delay.An open referral, rapid access jaundice clinic was established by reorganisation of existing services and without the need for significant extra resources.A large general hospital in a largely rural and geographically isolated area.Waiting times for referral, consultation, diagnosis, and treatment, length of stay in hospital, and general practitioners' and patients' satisfaction with the service. STRATEGIES OF CHANGE: Referrals were made through a 24 hour telephone answering machine and fax line. Initial assessment of patients was carried out by junior staff as part of their working week. Dedicated ultrasonography appointments were made available.Of 107 patients seen in the first year of the service, 62 had biliary obstruction. The mean time between referral and consultation was 2.5 days. Patients who went on to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography waited 5.7 days on average. The mean length of stay in hospital in the 69 patients who were admitted was 6.1 days, compared with 11.5 days in 1996, as shown by audit data. Nearly all the 36 general practices (95%) and the 30 consecutive patients (97%) that were surveyed rated the service as above average or excellent.An open referral, rapid access service for patients with jaundice can shorten time to diagnosis and treatment and length of stay in hospital. These improvements can occur through the reorganisation of existing services and with minimal extra cost.
Adult coeliac disease
Authors: Andrew D Hopper, Marios Hadjivassiliou, Sohail Butt, David S Sanders
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The prevalence of coeliac disease is 0.5-1% in international population studies.The delay in diagnosis is reported to range from 4.5 years to 9.0 years. 1 2 Patients may present on numerous occasions to both primary and secondary care without coeliac disease being considered. 3Currently, for every adult patient in whom the disease is diagnosed, eight cases are estimated to go undetected. 4
Impaired metabolic activity of phagocytosing neutrophils in agnogenic osteomyelofibrosis with splenomegaly: A longitudinal study
Authors: Claude Marquetty, Marie‐Thérèse Labro‐Bryskier, Axel Perianin, Jacques Hakim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Functional and enzyme activity of neutrophils in patients with agnogenic osteomyelofibrosis (AOM) is still a subject of controversy, probably owing to the heterogeneity of the abnormalities observed from patient to patient, and the absence of longitudinal studies performed during the course of the disease. For a better definition of these abnormalities, 40 patients with untreated AOM were studied from the time of diagnosis, and in 12 cases, neutrophil function and enzyme activity were reassessed at one‐year intervals for 3–5 years. The results showed that all abnormalities were serum‐independent. Mean ingestion rate in neutrophils from patients were similar to that of the controls but individual values were more varied, with some very high and some low ingestion rates. Histochemical latex ingestion and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction were lower in patients than in controls, as were cyanide‐insensitive O 2 consumption and superoxide anion and H 2 O 2 production. Mean iodination was also decreased and, in most patients, was related to a decrease in H 2 O 2 production. However, in eight patients H 2 O 2 production was normal, although an iodination deficiency was found. Myeloperoxidase activity was low in five of these cases. In the other three patients this discrepancy was not explained. The longitudinal study of 12 patients showed that defects observed in the early stages of the disease remained or were aggravated, and that new abnormalities appeared during the course of the disease.
Inhaled Ergotamine for Migraine
Authors: W. H. Beesley
Journal: BMJ (1964)

MEDICLNpatients was their unprompted admission that on this drug they felt generally better than previously.In my limited experience of this new hypo- tensive agent it would appear to be a potent and useful drug for the common types of hypertension.Individual dose requirements appear to be wide but considerably lower than found by Peart and MacMahon.The critical dose level is narrow and it should be administered cautiously, starting with 5 mg.b.d. and increasing the dose by 5 mg.b.d.every three to seven days until a satisfactory response is reached.The value of the drug is enhanced by its satisfactory hypotensive effect on the lying as well as the standing blood-pressure in all cases studied.-Iam, etc.,
Expression of 27-kD heat-shock protein isoforms in human neoplastic and nonneoplastic liver tissues
Authors: Myriam Delhaye, Béatrice Gulbis, Paul Galand, Nicole Mairesse
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Previous study of rat liver during chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis has shown that expression of isoforms of the 27-kD heat-shock protein was greater in neoplastic nodules and in hepatocellular carcinoma than in control livers. In this study, various human neoplastic and nonneoplastic liver tissues were investigated with electrophoresis after amino acid labeling to evaluate the expression of 27-kD heat-shock protein isoforms. This revealed that human liver contains 27-kD proteins that are recognized by a polyclonal antibody raised against human 27-kD heat-shock protein. Basal levels of fluorographical and immunostaining intensity of the 27-kD heat-shock protein spots (respectively, after [3H]leucine or 32P incorporation or as checked with a specific human 27-kD heat-shock protein antibody) were higher in hepatomas than in non-tumorous liver. Phosphorylation patterns of the 27-kD heat-shock protein isoforms were, however, similar in hepatocellular carcinoma and in uninvolved surrounding liver. Heat inducibility of the 27-kD heat-shock protein, tested in one case of liver cell adenoma and in the surrounding liver, was also preserved in both tissues. The role of the overexpression of 27-kD heat-shock protein in neoplastic liver tissues remains unknown. We propose, as a working hypothesis, that it is related to the resistant phenotype acquired by some tumors during malignant progression.
Poor information hampers discussion of HIV “super strain”
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Controversy over a possible “super strain” of HIV has been burgeoning in the United States since the case of a man with a multidrug resistant virus with rare characteristics and very rapid disease progression was discussed at a high profile news conference in New York city last month. A report, by Marc Santora et al, was published in the New York Times (2005 Feb 12; www.nytimes.com/).

The first scientific presentation of the case came in a poster at the 12th retroviral conference in Boston. The organisers added a special session on drug resistance and rapid disease progression on the last evening of the conference to provide context for interpreting data from the poster.

Dr David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center at Rockefeller University, New York, described the patient …
Anaerobic Lung Abscess: Clindamycin or Penicillin
Authors: JOHN M. BOYCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1983Anaerobic Lung Abscess: Clindamycin or PenicillinJOHN M. BOYCE, M.D., DAVID A. WALSH, PH.D.JOHN M. BOYCE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID A. WALSH, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-3-410_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Levison and associates (1) described the results of a randomized, prospective study of the efficacy of penicillin versus clindamycin for treatment of anaerobic lung abscess. Results of the trial were analyzed using the Student's t-test or chi-squared test.The overall results of the study suggest that treatment failures and relapses occur significantly more often with penicillin therapy than with clindamycin. To support their conclusion, the authors state that treatment did not fail in any of the 19 patients treated with clindamycin for at least 10 days, whereas 4 of the 20 patients treated with penicillin for at...References1. LEVISONMANGURALORBER MCB. Clindamycin compared with penicillin for the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:466-71. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MAXWELL A. Analyzing Qualitative Data. London: Methuen & Company; 1961:11-37. Google Scholar3. ZAR J. Biostatistical Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; 1974:59-69. Google Scholar1. CONOVER W. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; 1971. Google Scholar2. LEVISONMANGURALORBER MCB. Clindamycin compared with penicillin for the treatment of anaerobic lung abscess. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:466-71. LinkGoogle Scholar3. CAMILLIHOPKINS GK. Applicability of chi-square to 2 X 2 contingency tables with small expected cell frequencies. Psychol Bull. 1978;85:163-7. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. CAMILLIHOPKINS GK. Testing for association in 2 X 2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes. Psychol Bull. 1979;86:1011-4. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS 39216 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAnaerobic bacterial infection of the lung 1 September 1983Volume 99, Issue 3Page: 410-410KeywordsAbscessesClindamycinLungsPenicillinProspective studiesRespiratory system procedures Issue Published: 1 September 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Creating a new drug service in Edinburgh.
Authors: J Greenwood
Journal: BMJ (1990)

After one year Edinburgh9s Community Drug Problem Service has shown that if psychiatric services offer consultation and regular support for drug users many general practitioners will share the care of such patients and prescribe for them, under contract conditions, whether the key worker is a community psychiatric nurse or a drug worker from a voluntary agency. This seems to apply whether the prescribing is part of a "harm reduction" strategy over a long period or whether it is a short period of methadone substitution treatment. Given the 50% prevalence of HIV infection among drug users in the Edinburgh area and the fact that only half of them have been tested for seropositivity, the health and care of this demanding group of young people with a chaotic lifestyle are better shared among primary care, community based drug workers, and specialist community drugs team than treated exclusively by a centralised hospital drug dependency unit. As the progression to AIDS is predictable in a larger proportion of drug users who are positive for HIV, there is an even greater need for coordinated care between specialists and community agencies in the near future.
Inhibition of hypoxia-induced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells by a mTOR siRNA-loaded cyclodextrin nanovector
Authors: Xueping Liu, Guansong Wang, Zaichun You, Pin Qian, Huaping Chen, Yin Dou, Zhenghua Wei, Yan Chen, Chengde Mao, Jianxiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Effect of loop diuretics on cholinergic neurotransmission in human airways in vitro.
Authors: G M Verleden, J L Pype, G Deneffe, M G Demedts
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Frusemide can inhibit various indirectly acting bronchoconstrictor stimuli in asthmatic patients. Both frusemide and bumetanide also modulate airway neurotransmission in some species but there are no data on the effect of loop diuretics on neurotransmission in man. An in vitro study was performed in human airways to investigate the possible neuromodulatory action of two loop diuretics, frusemide and bumetanide, and to elucidate whether a cyclooxygenase inhibitor such as indomethacin could modulate the effect of frusemide. The effect of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was also investigated. METHODS--Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 40 V, 0.5 ms, 0.5-32 Hz for 15 seconds) in human airways with or without epithelium was used to induce a cholinergic contraction (n = 5 in all experiments). Indomethacin was present throughout. After obtaining a control frequency-response curve, different concentrations of diuretic were added to the organ bath and another frequency-response curve was constructed. To determine whether the effect of the diuretic was prejunctional or postjunctional a cumulative concentration-response curve to exogenous acetylcholine (Ach, 0.3 mumol/l to 10 mmol/l) was constructed in the presence of a diuretic (frusemide 1 mmol/l or bumetanide 0.1 mmol/l) or its vehicle. In some experiments indomethacin was omitted from the organ bath to investigate the possible involvement of cyclooxygenase products. RESULTS--Both frusemide (10 mumol/l to 1 mmol/l) and bumetanide (1 mumol/l to 0.1 mmol/l) produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the EFS-induced cholinergic contraction in human airways in vitro but only in epithelium denuded tissues. Frusemide (1 mmol/l) produced a maximum inhibition of 46.3% (SE 9.9%) at 0.5 Hz and bumetanide (0.1 mmol/l 39.6 (6.2)% at 0.5 Hz. Without indomethacin in the organ bath the frusemide-induced inhibition was enhanced at 4, 8, and 16 Hz, but bumetanide-induced inhibition was not enhanced at any frequency when indomethacin was omitted. Frusemide (1 mmol/l) and bumetanide (0.1 mmol/l) had no effect on the cumulative concentration-response curve to exogenous Ach (0.3 mumol/l to 10 mmol/l). Acetazolamide (100 mumol/l) had no effect on the EFS-induced cholinergic contraction in tissues with or without epithelium. CONCLUSIONS--In human airways in vitro both frusemide and bumetanide produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the EFS-induced cholinergic contraction. This inhibition is mediated through a prejunctional mechanism. Epithelium removal was necessary to achieve this effect. The mechanism of action of frusemide and bumetanide on airway nerves remains unclear: inhibition of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter is a possibility and, for frusemide, release of endogenous cyclooxygenase products may be involved. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition, on the other hand, is unlikely to be a factor.