tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occlusive gloves and skin conditions: is there a problem? Results of a cross-sectional study in a semiconductor company
Authors: W. Weistenhöfer, M. Wacker, F. Bernet, W. Uter, H. Drexler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Although there is poor scientific evidence that working with occlusive gloves is as damaging as wet work, prolonged glove occlusion is considered to be a risk factor for developing hand eczema similar to wet work. To assess the effects of wearing occlusive gloves during the whole working day, without exposure to any additional hazardous substances, on skin condition and skin barrier function. We investigated 323 employees of a semiconductor production company in Germany: 177 clean‐room workers wearing occlusive gloves during the whole shift (exposed group) and 146 employees working in administration (control group). A standardized interview was performed, the skin condition of both hands was studied using the quantitative skin score HEROS, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration were measured. There was no significant difference in skin condition between the two subgroups. Values for TEWL and corneometry were significantly higher in exposed participants (P <0·05). However, the TEWL values were similar to control values if participants took off the occlusive gloves at least 30 min before the measurement. Hence, the effect of occlusion on skin barrier function seems to be transient. Prolonged wearing of occlusive gloves with clean hands and without exposure to additional hazardous substances does not seem to affect the skin negatively.
Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus-Reply
Authors: A. M. Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Since it is difficult, on clinical grounds alone, to determine who will benefit from a cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedure, much attention has been given to the various forms of laboratory investigation. These include, in addition to the scinticisternogram, the estimation of blood radionuclide concentrations, monitoring of intracranial pressure, and lumbar saline infusion tests, among others. Unfortunately, there is no general agreement about which tests, either singly or together, can best predict a shunt outcome.<sup>1</sup> Radioisotope cisternography evaluates the possibility of impaired cerebrospinal fluid absorption via an observation of cerebrospinal fluid movement and stasis. In a normal patient, one observes a brisk reabsorption of the tracer by the venous circulation. Unfortunately, the correlation of an abnormal pattern with surgical outcome remains poor.<sup>2</sup> Thus, despite all available technology, the most important prognostic factors remain clinical, followed by information gleaned from the computed tomographic scan. Tests that show some
Pathology of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The object of the author has been to provide "a concise textbook of diseases and traumas affecting the human spinal cord" in a series to which he also contributed a volume on pathology of muscle. The limited number of responses of the cells of the CNS to disease appear in the introduction, followed by description of normal and abnormal development and congenital disorders. Degeneration of various anatomic patterns of neurons and their prolongations are treated separately from demyelinating, toxic, and deficiency diseases. The section on tumors is indeed concise and somewhat limited, so that the reported difference between schwannoma and neurofibroma is not illustrated, and hemangioblastoma is allotted two lines (and omitted from the index). There are almost equal amounts on pathogenesis and on actual histological description of trauma to the spinal cord; this is a field of much interest to Hughes, whose close association with the National Spine Injuries
Phase II Trial of Weekly Single-Agent Paclitaxel in Platinum/Paclitaxel-Refractory Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Maurie Markman, James Hall, Daniel Spitz, Sheldon Weiner, Linda Carson, Linda Van Le, Mark Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We wished to critically examine the level of activity of weekly paclitaxel in a patient population with well-characterized platinum/paclitaxel-resistant (3-week schedule) ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligibility criteria for this phase II trial included the following: ovarian and fallopian tube cancers or primary carcinoma of the peritoneum; prior initial therapy with platinum/paclitaxel; and failure to respond to treatment (progression or stable disease as best response), or a response duration of less than 3 months, or if the response was more than 3 months, retreatment with both agents required and failure to respond a second time or the response duration was less than 3 months. Measurable or assessable disease (CA-125 response criteria) was required. Patients received weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2 ) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity developed, or they elected to discontinue treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients (52 assessable for toxicity and 51 for response) were entered onto this multi-institution trial. Of 248 total cycles (887 doses), only 13 (1%) were modified (dose reduction or treatment delay) because of side effects. Therapy was discontinued in five patients because of toxicity (four because of peripheral neuropathy, and one because of painful fingernail beds). Thirteen patients (25%; 95% confidence interval, 13.5% to 37.5%) achieved an objective response (four by CA-125 criteria, and nine by ≥ 50% reduction of measurable disease). CONCLUSION: Weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2 ) is generally well tolerated and is an active second-line regimen against ovarian cancer that has demonstrated resistance to platinum/paclitaxel delivered on an every-3-week schedule.
Abstract A24: Interaction of miR-106a~363Xpcl1 and p27Kip1 in thymopoiesis and lymphomagenesis
Authors: Daniel Kuppers, Thomas Schmitt, Bruce Clurman, Harry Hwang, Matthew L. Fero
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Xpcl1 (Kis2) gene encodes the miR-106a~363 miRNA cluster in mice. Although it was first identified as common integration site of the M-MuLV retrovirus in tumors from p27Kip1 (Cdkn1b) knockout mice, the nature of its interaction with cell cycle genes is uncertain. The miR-106a~363 miRNAs are highly conserved across species, implying an important role in normal biological processes. However, in the absence of a reported phenotype in knockout mice, its normal function is unclear. We examined miR-106a~363 expression in developing T lymphocytes and found that it is highly expressed in immature T-cells but is repressed at the CD4+/CD8+ double positive (DP) stage of thymopoiesis. Using a T cell specific Xpcl1 transgene, we found that forced expression of miR-106a~363 altered the distribution of T cell subsets. Xpcl1 repressed T-cell receptor expression and directly targeted the CD69 cell surface protein. This causes accumulation of DP thymocytes through complementary mechanisms. We show that, in developing T-cells, p27Kip1 is differentially regulated due to variation in expression of FoxO family transcription factors. Likewise, p27 is upregulated at the transcriptional level by Xpcl1, which is surprising since this should have a tumor suppressor effect. Nonetheless, miR-106a~363 transgenic (Lx) mice developed spontaneous high grade T cell lymphomas. The combination of p27Kip1 deletion with miR-106a~363 overexpression, markedly accelerated lymphoma development, confirming cooperation of these two mutations. We conclude that deletion of p27Kip1 directly overcomes a tumor-suppressor activity of miR-106a~363, whereas the principal oncogenic function of the miRNA cluster remains unknown. Citation Format: Daniel Kuppers, Thomas Schmitt, Bruce Clurman, Harry Hwang, Matthew L. Fero. Interaction of miR-106a~363Xpcl1 and p27Kip1 in thymopoiesis and lymphomagenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Noncoding RNAs and Cancer; 2012 Jan 8-11; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A24.
Abstract 1005: Plk3 functions as an essential component of the survival and hypoxia regulatory pathway by direct phosphorylation and regulation of PTEN and HIF-1α
Authors: Yixin Yao, Dazhong Xu, Max Costa, Wei Dai, Luo Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Plk3, a member of the Polo-like kinase family, plays an important role in regulating cell cycle progression and cell cycle checkpoints in response to genotoxic stresses. Plk3 is also strongly implicated in tumorigenesis because PLK3-/- mice develop tumors in multiple organs at an enhanced rate. We have previously shown that many of the tumors developed in the PLK3 null mice are large in size and are highly vascularized, suggesting that this kinase may be involved in regulating the angiogenesis pathway. By studying PLK3 null primary isogenic murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we tested the hypothesis that Plk3 functions as a component in the hypoxia signaling pathway. PLK3-/- MEFs contained a reduced level and activity of PTEN that closely correlated with increased PDK1 and Akt1 activation as well as decreased GSK3β activity. The activated Akt1 in PLK3 null MEFs was closely associated with enhanced stability of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions. Purified recombinant Plk3 phosphorylated PTEN and HIF-1α in vitro and phospho-mutant analysis indicated that Plk3 directly regulates these proteins in vivo. Combined, our study identifies Plk3 as a new and essential player in the regulation of the hypoxia and angiogenesis signaling pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1005. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1005
THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DUODENAL ULCER.
Authors: WILLIAM D. HAGGARD
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The duodenum is unique in its functions. It acts as a vestibule for the small intestine and is a meeting ground for the acid stomach ingesta and the alkaline biliary and pancreatic secretion. The four inches above this point partakes of the character of the stomach and its ills, and is more frequently diseased than any other part of the intestine of equal length, save the rectum. Duodenal ulcer is much more serious than gastric ulcer. The coats are much thinner and the danger of erosion of large blood vessels is much greater and the likelihood of sudden death from perforation make it a very fearful malady. Its symptoms are not so frank, and, when present, are either construed as gastric or they mimic the manifestations of gall-bladder disease confusingly. It is in the operating room that the real living pathology of the duodenum is being developed, and it was
Increased Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Hypotension during Hemodialysis
Authors: Koji Yokokawa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the involvement of nitric oxide production in hemodialysis-induced hypotension. Design: Examination of nitric oxide synthesis, cyclic guanosine 3′5′-monophosphate (cGMP) levels, and endothelin-1 levels in plasma before and after hemodialysis. Setting: Veterans Affairs medical center. Patients: 13 patients with end-stage renal failure who were receiving hemodialysis: Six patients had hypotensive episodes during dialysis and 7 did not. Intervention: Patients received heparin at a bolus dose of 2000 U at the initiation of dialysis followed by 1000 U/h during 4-hour hemodialysis sessions. Results: Nitric oxide production markedly increased during hemodialysis-induced hypotensive episodes; this increase was not seen in patients who did not have a hypotensive episode. In both groups, the plasma cGMP and endothelin-1 levels decreased after hemodialysis. According to multiple regression analysis, standard coefficients of nitric oxide production, plasma cGMP levels, and endothelin-1 levels with mean blood pressure after hemodialysis were −0.743,-0.07, and 0.31, respectively. Conclusion: Nitric oxide production increased in patients who had a hypotensive episode during hemodialysis but did not increase in those who did not have a hypotensive episode.
Adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene transfer of VEGF normalizes skeletal muscle oxygen tension and induces arteriogenesis in ischemic rat hindlimb
Authors: David S Chang, Hua Su, Gale L Tang, Lucy S Brevetti, Rajabrata Sarkar, Rong Wang, Yuet W Kan, Louis M Messina
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

Critical limb ischemia is an important clinical problem that often leads to disability and limb loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), delivered either as recombinant protein or as gene therapy, has been shown to promote both collateral artery formation (arteriogenesis) and capillary angiogenesis in animal models of hindlimb ischemia. However, none of the previous studies has demonstrated an improvement in tissue hypoxia, the condition that drives the molecular response to ischemia. Furthermore, the optimal vector and route of gene delivery have not been determined. Recently, adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors, which efficiently transduce skeletal muscle and produce sustained transgene expression, have been used as gene therapy vectors. We asked whether an intra-arterial injection of AAV-VEGF165 normalizes muscle oxygen tension by increasing skeletal muscle oxygen tension, and promotes arteriogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model of severe hindlimb ischemia. We found that AAV-VEGF treatment normalized muscle oxygen tension in the ischemic limb. In contrast, vehicle and AAV-lacZ-treated limbs remained ischemic. Collateral arteries were more numerous in AAV-VEGF-treated rats, but, surprisingly, capillaries were not. We conclude that intra-arterial AAV-mediated gene transfer of AAV-VEGF165 normalizes muscle oxygen tension and leads to arteriogenesis in rats with severe hindlimb ischemia.
Immunoglobulins in the hyperimmunoglobulin E and recurrent infection (Job's) syndrome. Deficiency of anti-Staphylococcus aureus immunoglobulin A.
Authors: S C Dreskin, P K Goldsmith, J I Gallin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Patients with the hyperimmunoglobulin E and recurrent infection syndrome (HIE) characteristically have frequent skin and respiratory infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. We have developed a set of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays that use whole S. aureus (Wood's strain) immobilized on 0.22-micrometers filters and highly specific, affinity-purified enzyme conjugates of goat anti-human IgE, anti-human IgD, anti-human IgG, anti-human IgA, and anti-human IgM. These reagents were used to determine S. aureus-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. As previously published, 10 patients with HIE had markedly higher levels of anti-S. aureus IgE than did 5 patients with eczema and recurrent superficial S. aureus infections (P less than 0.001). The HIE patients were also found to have a deficit of anti-S. aureus serum IgA as compared with 12 normal subjects, 12 patients with chronic granulomatous disease, 5 patients with chronic eczema and recurrent superficial S. aureus infections, and 3 patients with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (P less than 0.01 for each comparison). In addition the HIE patients had an excess of anti-S. aureus IgM as compared with normal subjects (P less than 0.01). An expected excess of anti-S. aureus IgG was absent. These abnormalities cannot be explained by variations of total serum Ig levels or by a general inability to produce antigen-specific IgA because levels of naturally occurring IgA antibody against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and the antigens of the pneumococcal vaccine are normal. Parotid saliva from patients with HIE contained less salivary IgA per milligram of protein (P less than 0.01) and less salivary anti-S. aureus IgA per milligram of protein (P less than 0.05) than did normal controls. The incidence of infection at mucosal surfaces and adjacent lymph nodes correlated inversely with serum anti-S. aureus IgA (r = -0.647, P = 0.034), serum anti-S. aureus IgE (r = -0.731, P = 0.016), total serum IgE (r = -0.714, P = 0.020), and total serum IgD (r = -0.597, P = 0.049). These findings are evidence of a previously undescribed immunoregulatory defect in patients with HIE, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection in this syndrome.
Robert Henry Palmer Fitzpatrick
Authors: W. Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Robert Henry Palmer Fitzpatrick (“Fitz”) was born in British India at the outbreak of the first world war. He was one of four brothers who were all medically qualified and from several generations of army doctors. Fitz was in the medical corps for 11 years before the start of the second world war.

He then found himself, thankfully he used to say, in the western desert for four long years, away from the Far East, which he clearly …
Use of Experimental Padded Hosiery to Reduce Abnormal Foot Pressures in Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Aristidis Veves, Ewan A Masson, Devaka J S Fernando, Andrew J M Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

High pressures under the feet of diabetic patients with neuropathy are associated with the development of plantar ulceration. The aim of management is the reduction of such stresses with orthoses and insoles. An American hosiery manufacturer has developed socks designed to reduce stress on athletes' feet, and we report a preliminary evaluation of this technique in the reduction of elevated plantar pressure in 27 neuropathic diabetic patients. With a computerized optical pedobarograph, three footsteps on each side were recorded under three conditions: 1) barefoot, 2) wearing the patients' own hosiery, and 3) wearing experimental patented padded hosiery. The patients' own hosiery did not have a significant effect on plantar pressure, but the experimental hosiery reduced both peak forefoot pressure and the area under the timepressure curve (P &amp;lt; .001) by a mean of 26 and 29%, respectively. We conclude that the experimental hosiery is effective in reducing vertical pressures under the diabetic foot and, in conjunction with established orthotic techniques, may be a useful addition to the treatment of the diabetic patient at risk for foot ulceration.
The Budd–Chiari Syndrome
Authors: K.V. Narayanan Menon, Vijay Shah, Patrick S. Kamath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction may develop at the level of the hepatic venules, the large hepatic veins, the inferior vena cava, or the right atrium. Outflow obstruction results in increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure and portal hypertension. This review summarizes the causes of the Budd–Chiari syndrome and current management, including the use of anticoagulant therapy, thrombolytic therapy, transjugular intrahepatic shunts, surgical portosystemic shunts, and liver transplantation.
Job Strain and Risk of Acute Recurrent Coronary Heart Disease Events
Authors: Corine Aboa-Éboulé, Chantal Brisson, Elizabeth Maunsell, Benoît Mâsse, Renée Bourbonnais, Michel Vézina, Alain Milot, Pierre Théroux, Gilles R. Dagenais
Journal: JAMA (2007)

ContextThere is evidence that job strain increases the risk of a first coronary heart disease (CHD) event. However, little is known about its association with the risk of recurrent CHD events after a first myocardial infarction (MI).ObjectiveTo determine whether job strain increases the risk of recurrent CHD events.Design, Setting, and PatientsProspective cohort study of 972 men and women aged 35 to 59 years who returned to work after a first MI and were then followed up between February 10, 1996, and June 22, 2005. Patients were interviewed at baseline (on average, 6 weeks after their return to work), then after 2 and 6 years subsequently. Job strain, a combination of high psychological demands and low decision latitude, was evaluated in 4 quadrants: high strain (high demands and low latitude), active (high demands and high latitude), passive (low demands and low latitude), and low strain. A chronic job strain variable was constructed based on the first 2 interviews, and patients were divided into those exposed to high strain at both interviews and those unexposed to high strain at 1 or both interviews. The survival analyses were presented separately for 2 periods: before 2.2 years and at 2.2 years and beyond.Main Outcome MeasureThe outcome was a composite of fatal CHD, nonfatal MI, and unstable angina.ResultsThe outcome was documented in 206 patients. In the unadjusted analysis, chronic job strain was associated with recurrent CHD in the second period after 2.2 years of follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 2.20; 95% CI, 1.32-3.66; respective event rates for patients exposed and unexposed to chronic job strain, 6.18 and 2.81 per 100 person-years). Chronic job strain remained an independent predictor of recurrent CHD in a multivariate model adjusted for 26 potentially confounding factors (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.08-3.72).ConclusionChronic job strain after a first MI was associated with an increased risk of recurrent CHD.
Control of Influenza in the Hospital
Authors: PHILIP C. HOFFMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Nosocomial transmission of influenza has been reported infrequently; however, patients in general hospitals are often among the most susceptible to the complications of influenza infection. Hospital-acquired influenza may occur more often than is reported, but it may not be recognized because of lack of diagnostic facilities or the time required for virus isolation and identification. Based on the mode of transmission in the hospital, the established reservoirs of influenza virus, and duration of virus shedding, isolating patients with influenza may occasionally be useful but restricting visitors is probably not required. Vaccinating hospital personnel with influenza vaccine and, if influenza A is prevalent, giving amantadine hydrochloride to high-risk patients or personnel should both be considered.