tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2635: Galectin-1 modulates glioblastoma cell migration via interaction with FAK.
Authors: Kiran Kumar Velpula, Arnima Bhasin, Jane S. Zhang, Andrew J. Tsung, Krishna Kumar Veeravalli, Jasti S. Rao, Venkata Ramesh Dasari
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Malignant glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common brain tumors and exhibit excessive growth, cell cycle regulation, neovascularization, angiogenesis, migration, immune escape and resistance to apoptosis. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a 14.5-kDa β-galactoside-binding protein, which displays intracellular (i.e., protein-protein interactions) and extracellular (i.e., protein-oligosaccharide interactions) functions with marked pro-angiogenic and pro-migratory effects in gliomas. Although glioma is considered one of the deadliest cancers with median survival ranging from nine to twelve months, therapeutic treatments that target Gal-1 may prove effective since Gal-1 is one of the genes that cause aggressive behaviors of human GBM such as migration and invasion. Gal-1 controls glioma cell migration and invasion by modifying the actin cytoskeleton and expression of small GTPases. In the present study, immunohistochemical, Real Time PCR and Western blot experiments performed with clinical samples demonstrated that Gal-1 is highly expressed in human GBM tissue as compared to healthy brain tissue. Matrigel invasion assays confirmed that treatment of glioma cell lines U251 and 5310 with human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSC) almost completely blocked invasion of GBM cells. We also observed that treatment of GBM cells with hUCBSC decreased the expression of both Gal-1 and FAK. Additionally, silencing either the Gal-1 or FAK gene using shRNA decreased migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, using immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses, we observed that Gal-1 and FAK interact with each other in glioblastoma. Taken together, our results suggest that Gal-1 and FAK might have a direct protein-protein interaction for their function in the tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. Citation Format: Kiran Kumar Velpula, Arnima Bhasin, Jane S. Zhang, Andrew J. Tsung, Krishna Kumar Veeravalli, Jasti S. Rao, Venkata Ramesh Dasari. Galectin-1 modulates glioblastoma cell migration via interaction with FAK. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2635. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2635
Medicine and the Reign of Technology
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Technology is assuming an increasingly important role in medicine. How did this come about? Reiser here offers a dual approach: he discusses the origins and development of many technological advances (limiting himself, wisely, to diagnostic procedures and leaving therapy alone) and presents some of the socioeconomic effects that resulted therefrom. The two parts, however, do not entirely mesh. His account of the growth of technology concentrates on the 19th century and does not go beyond the threshold of the 20th. There is a weak transition in passing from early 20th century procedures to the altered socioeconomic relationships of the past 30 years. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the physician derived his information chiefly from external examination (and history). He gradually learned how to estimate what was going on inside the body. Reiser describes the development of various instruments, such as the stethoscope, that depended on sound, and various other
Identification of anovulation and transient luteal function using a urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide ratio algorithm.
Authors: A Kassam, J W Overstreet, C Snow-Harter, M J De Souza, E B Gold, B L Lasley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The sensitivity and specificity of a urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) ratio algorithm to identify anovulatory cycles was studied prospectively in two independent populations of women. Urinary hormone data from the first group was used to develop the algorithm, and data from the second group was used for its validation. PdG ratios were calculated by a cycles method in which daily PdG concentrations indexed by creatinine (CR) from cycle day 11 onward were divided by a baseline PdG (average PdG/Cr concentration for cycle days 6-10). In the interval method, daily PdG/CR concentrations from day 1 onward were divided by baseline PdG (lowest 5-day average of PdG/CR values throughout the collection period). Evaluation of the first study population (n = 6) resulted in cycles with PdG ratios > or = 3 for > or = 3 consecutive days being classified as ovulatory; otherwise they were anovulatory. The sensitivity and specificity of the PdG ratio algorithm to identify anovulatory cycles in the second population were 75% and 89.5%, respectively, for all cycles (n = 88); 50% and 88.3% for first cycles (n = 40) using the cycles method; 75% and 92.2%, respectively, for all cycles (n = 89); and 50% and 94.1% for first cycles (n = 40) using the interval method. The
Comparison of Mercurial Diuretics and Bed Rest in Normal and Toxemic Pregnancies
Authors: N. S. ASSALI, J. VOSKIAN, J. ROLLER, M. Ross
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Recent reports have indicated that oral organomercurial compounds are effective in promoting diuresis in edematous states. In the majority of these studies, however, salt restriction, bed rest, and other medications were used. Therefore, the diuretic effects of the oral mercurials alone have not been properly assessed. In the present report, the effects of oral mercurials on water and electrolyte excretion were studied in normal and toxemic pregnancies and were compared to effects induced by bed rest and by injectable organomercurial agents.
THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE CURVE IN HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA.
Authors: R. M. B. MACKENNA, H. LEHMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1960)

Journal Article THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE CURVE IN HIDRADENITIS SUPPURATIVA. Get access R. M. B. MACKENNA, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P., R. M. B. MACKENNA, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. LEHMANN, M.D., Sc.D., M.R.C.P., F.R.I.C. H. LEHMANN, M.D., Sc.D., M.R.C.P., F.R.I.C. St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 72, Issue 4, 1 April 1960, Pages 142–144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1960.tb13862.x Published: 01 April 1960
PROPOSED NATIONAL BUREAU OF MATERIA MEDICA.
Authors: F. E. STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1901)

At the Richmond meeting of theAmerican Medical Association, in 1881, I read a paper before the Section on Materia Medica and Therapeutics, entitled "The Materia Medica of the Future." In this paper I called attention to a condition of affairs threatening progress in materia medica science and, in a resolution offered for me by Professor Dunster, of the University of Michigan, after the reading of the paper, I suggested a way out of some of the difficulties which I then foresaw. The correctness of my reasoning at that time has been amply proved by subsequent events. From the Richmond meeting I went to Washington and proposed to Prof. Spencer F. Baird, the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, the advisability of establishing a national laboratory of materia medica under the auspices of the Government. Conferences were held with the heads of various departments, including the medical departments of the army,
Differential Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Anion on Apoptosis and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Pei-Feng Li, Rainer Dietz, Rüdiger von Harsdorf
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are two important components of atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension. Although reactive oxygen species have been demonstrated to participate in the pathogenesis of these diseases, their precise involvement has not been fully understood. We hypothesized that different reactive oxygen species exert distinct effects on proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs. Methods and Results Cultured rat VSMCs were exposed to xanthine oxidase/xanthine (XO/X) or H 2 O 2 -Fe(II). A single exposure to XO/X predominantly resulted in cell proliferation, whereas frequent exposures to high levels of XO/X predominantly resulted in cell death. Administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase revealed that O 2 − but not H 2 O 2 was mitogenic to VSMCs, whereas H 2 O 2 was responsible for VSMC death. Treatment with H 2 O 2 -Fe(II) alone or in the presence of different hydroxyl radical scavengers showed that VSMC death occurred in a dose-dependent manner and was mediated by the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Cell death caused by XO/X or H 2 O 2 -Fe(II) occurred by apoptosis as revealed by condensation of nuclei, appearance of a “DNA ladder,” increases in DNA fragmentation, and positive in situ nick-end labeling. Northern blot analysis indicated that bcl-2 and c- fos but not p53 and c- myc may participate in mediating H 2 O 2 -Fe(II)–induced VSMC apoptosis. Conclusions Different reactive oxygen species exert distinct effects on VSMCs, with O 2 − inducing proliferation and H 2 O 2 causing apoptosis. Thus, reactive oxygen species might participate in atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension in a dual manner by stimulating proliferation and triggering apoptosis of VSMCs.
Radioimmunoassay for the measurement of serum IL‐6 and its correlation with tumour cell mass parameters in multiple myeloma
Authors: Eric Solary, Michel Guiguet, Véronique Zeller, René‐Olivier Casasnovas, Denis Caillot, Pascal Chavanet, Henri Guy, Gérard Mack
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) was demonstrated to be a strong autocrine or paracrine plasmocytoma cell growth factor in humans. Using a bioassay, high serum IL‐6 (S‐IL‐6) levels were correlated with disease severity in plasma cell dyscrasias. Since other cytokines could interfere with the bioassays, we developed a specific radioimmunoassay to study S‐IL6 levels in 102 patients with monoclonal gammopathy (MG). S‐IL‐6 level was studied by a double antibody radioimmunoassay using a rabbit polyclonal anti‐IL‐6 antibody and a human recombinant IL‐6 as the standard. The lowest value of the standard significantly different from zero was found to be 78 pg/ml. Within‐run and between‐run precisions were characterized by a mean coefficient of variation of 3.72 and 5.5%, respectively. The mean analytical recovery was found to be 113% and the immunochemical identity of IL‐6 standard and S‐IL‐6 was shown by dilution tests. IL‐6 was detected in all tested sera. Sera from 66 healthy volunteers and 43 patients with acute leukemia or malignant lymphoma were tested as controls. In healthy subjects, S‐IL‐6 values were 294 ± 86 pg/ml. MG were classified as multiple myeloma (MM), macroglobulinemia, and MG of undetermined significance (MGUS). The distribution of S‐IL‐6 levels in patients with MG was significantly higher than in healthy subjects but lower than in patients with acute leukemia or Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results obtained in 55 patients with MM were related to other biological parameters. S‐IL‐6 levels correlated with bone‐marrow plasmacytosis ( P &lt; .0005), serum‐lactate dehydrogenase (S‐LDH; P &lt; .005), serum β2 microglobulin (S −β2m; P &lt; .01), and serum calcium (S‐Ca; P &lt; .025) and inversely correlated with haemoglobin ( P &lt; .025). Our results indicate that 1 radioimmunoassay is suitable for the measurement of human IL‐6 in serum; 2 high S‐IL‐6 levels are observed in a small number of patients with MG; and 3 S‐IL‐6 level correlates with tumour cell mass in patients with overt MM.
Prevalence of Anginal Symptoms and Myocardial Ischemia and Their Effect on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Philippe Gabriel Steg, Nicola Greenlaw, Michal Tendera, Jean-Claude Tardif, Roberto Ferrari, Muayed Al-Zaibag, Paul Dorian, Dayi Hu, Svetlana Shalnova, Fernando José Sokn, Ian Ford, Kim M. Fox
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

<h3>Importance</h3> In the era of widespread revascularization and effective antianginals, the prevalence and prognostic effect of anginal symptoms and myocardial ischemia among patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) are unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To describe the current clinical patterns among patients with stable CAD and the association of anginal symptoms or myocardial ischemia with clinical outcomes. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The Prospective Observational Longitudinal Registry of Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (CLARIFY) registry enrolled outpatients in 45 countries with stable CAD in 2009 to 2010 with 2-year follow-up (median, 24.1 months; range, 1 day to 3 years). Enrollees included 32 105 outpatients with prior myocardial infarction, chest pain, and evidence of myocardial ischemia, evidence of CAD on angiography, or prior revascularization. Of these, 20 291 (63.2%) had undergone a noninvasive test for myocardial ischemia within 12 months of enrollment and were categorized into one of the following 4 groups: no angina or ischemia (n = 13 207 [65.1%]); evidence of myocardial ischemia without angina (silent ischemia) (n = 3028 [14.9%]); anginal symptoms alone (n = 1842 [9.1%]); and angina and ischemia (n = 2214 [10.9%]). <h3>Exposures</h3> Stable CAD. <h3>Main Outcome and Measure</h3> The composite of cardiovascular (CV)–related death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 4056 patients (20.0%) had anginal symptoms and 5242 (25.8%) had evidence of myocardial ischemia on results of noninvasive testing. Of 469 CV-related deaths or myocardial infarctions, 58.2% occurred in patients without angina or ischemia, 12.4% in patients with ischemia alone, 12.2% in patients with angina alone, and 17.3% in patients with both. The hazard ratios for the primary outcome relative to patients without angina or ischemia and adjusted for age, sex, geographic region, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.68-1.20;<i>P</i> = .47) for ischemia alone, 1.45 (95% CI, 1.08-1.95;<i>P</i> = .01) for angina alone, and 1.75 (95% CI, 1.34-2.29;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) for both. Similar findings were observed for CV-related death and for fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In outpatients with stable CAD, anginal symptoms (with or without ischemia on noninvasive testing) but not silent ischemia appear to be associated with an increased risk for adverse CV outcomes. Most CV events occurred in patients without angina or ischemia. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> isrctn.org Identifier:ISRCTN43070564
Effect of intracoronary saline infusion on dissection during excimer laser coronary angioplasty: A randomized trial
Authors: Lawrence I. Deckelbaum, Madhu K. Natarajan, John A. Bittl, Kate Rohlfs, John Scott, Robert Chisholm, Kimberley A. Bowman, Bradley H. Strauss
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

We sought to evaluate whether intracoronary saline infusion during excimer laser coronary angioplasty decreases the incidence of significant laser-induced coronary artery dissections. Despite procedural success rates >90%, coronary artery dissections occur in 17% to 27% of excimer laser coronary angioplasty procedures. Excimer laser irradiation of blood results in vapor bubble formation and acoustomechanical trauma to the vessel wall. Saline infusion into a coronary artery may minimize blood irradiation and consequent arterial wall damage. In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, consecutive patients undergoing excimer laser coronary angioplasty were randomly assigned to conventional laser irradiation in a blood medium or to laser irradiation with blood displacement by intracoronary saline infusion. In the patients randomized to intracoronary saline infusion, prewarmed normal saline was injected through the coronary artery guide catheter at a rate of 1 to 2 ml/s using a power injector. The incidence and severity of dissection after excimer laser ablation were evaluated in a core laboratory by angiographers with no knowledge of treatment assignment. The severity of coronary artery dissection was rated on an ordinal scale of 1 to 5. Dissections of grade 2 or higher were considered significant. The mean (±SE) dissection grade after laser angioplasty in patients treated with intracoronary saline infusion was 0.43 ± 0.13 compared with 0.91 ± 0.26 in patients undergoing laser angioplasty in a blood medium. The incidence of significant dissection was 7% in saline-treated patients compared with 24% in conventionally treated patients (p < 0.05). No significant complications were associated with saline infusion. Intracoronary saline infusion should be incorporated into all excimer laser coronary angioplasty procedures.
Antithrombin III in critically ill patients: systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Arash Afshari, Jørn Wetterslev, Jesper Brok, Ann Møller
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the benefits and harms of antithrombin III in critically ill patients. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. <b>Data sources</b> CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, International Web of Science, LILACS, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and CINHAL (to November 2006); hand search of reference lists, contact with authors and experts, and search of registers of ongoing trials. <b>Review methods</b> Two reviewers independently selected parallel group randomised clinical trials comparing antithrombin with placebo or no intervention and extracted data related to study methods, interventions, outcomes, bias risk, and adverse events. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Trials in any type of critically ill patients in intensive care were eligible. All trials, irrespective of blinding or language status, that compared any antithrombin III regimen with no intervention or placebo were included. Trials were considered to be at low risk of bias if they had adequate randomisation procedure, blinding, and used intention to treat analysis. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated with fixed and random effects models according to heterogeneity. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Mortality, length of stay in intensive care or hospital, quality of life, severity of sepsis, respiratory failure, duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of surgical intervention, intervention effect among various populations, and adverse events (such as bleeding). <b>Results</b> 20 trials randomly assigning 3458 patients met inclusion criteria. Eight trials had low risk of bias. Compared with placebo or no intervention, antithrombin III did not reduce overall mortality (relative risk 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 1.03). No subgroup analyses on risk of bias, populations of patients, or with and without adjuvant heparin yielded significant results. Antithrombin III increased the risk of bleeding events (1.52, 1.30 to 1.78). Heterogeneity was observed in only a few analyses. <b>Conclusion</b> Antithrombin III cannot be recommended for critically ill patients based on the available evidence.
Hermansky‐pudlak syndrome: Correction of bleeding time by 1‐desamino‐8D‐arginine vasopressin
Authors: P. W. Wijermans, D. B. van Dorp
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract The effect of the synthetic vasopressin derivative 1‐desamino‐8D‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP = desmopressin) on bleeding time was studied in three patients with Hermansky Pudlak syndrome. A good response was observed in this type of storage pool disease. DDAVP might be useful in managing the bleeding disorder found in patients with the Hermansky‐Pudlak syndrome.
Prehospital Defibrillation Performed by Emergency Medical Technicians in Rural Communities
Authors: Kenneth R. Stults, Donald D. Brown, Vicki L. Schug, Judith A. Bean
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is poor in communities served only by basic ambulance services, but conventional advanced prehospital care is not an option for most rural communities. Ambulance technicians in 18 small communities (average population, 10,400) were trained to recognize and defibrillate ventricular fibrillation. Neither endotracheal intubation nor medication was used. Twelve additional communities of similar size where such early defibrillation was not attempted provided control data. In the communities where early defibrillation was available, 12 of 64 patients (19 per cent) who were found in ventricular fibrillation were resuscitated and discharged alive from the hospital; this was true of only 1 of 31 such patients (3 per cent) in the control communities, where only basic life support was available (P less than 0.05). Ten (83 per cent) of the long-term survivors received electrical shocks administered solely by the technicians. Early defibrillation by minimally trained ambulance technicians is an effective approach to emergency cardiac care in rural communities.
Infectious Diseases in General Medical Practice
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A number of studies have documented what all primary care physicians know well: infections continue to be a problem. The office-based practitioner spends perhaps the majority of his professional time diagnosing and treating those afflicted with viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases. Although most of these conditions are mundane, the practitioner must remain vigilant not to "miss" the infection that may progress fulminantly. I suspect it is this challenge that continues to stimulate the physician who has just seen the umpteenth case of "the flu." Thus, any book on infectious diseases that is oriented toward the general practitioner must relate to both the common and the exceptional. Accordingly, it is fitting that the publisher of editor Joseph Marr's book pledges both "accessibility to practical information and comprehensive coverage of clinically important topics." Whether Marr has fulfilled that pledge is another matter. The book is divided into two major sections. The first
Erecting an Ethical Framework for Managed Care
Authors: Donald F. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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