tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malignant External Otitis: Now a Medical Problem
Authors: Joseph A Giordano, John Phillips
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

A 75-yr-old diabetic woman presented with right ear tenderness and neck pain. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured during surgery from an inflammatory area in the region of the cervical vertebrae. A diagnosis of malignant external otitis was made and parenteral antibiotics were given, which produced a cure. This disease has a high mortality rate, which accounts for the use of the word malignant. Our patient also manifested the jugular foramen syndrome involving multiple cranial nerves. If there is cranial nerve involvement, which is seen in at least one-half of cases, the mortality ranges as high as 80%. We describe here the first case with invasion of the cervical vertebrae.
Ominous Consequences of Immunoglobulin Deposition
Authors: Alan Solomon, Deborah T. Weiss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Immunoglobulins are essential for health. In the absence of these proteins, life-threatening illnesses often occur, as evidenced by the susceptibility of people with congenital or acquired immunoglobulin deficiencies to infection or neoplasia. On the other hand, a hyperabundance of immunoglobulins can also be harmful, especially when the antibodies are directed against self-antigens (i.e., autoantibodies) or have certain physicochemical or structural properties that render them pathogenic, resulting, for example, in an immune-complex disease or hyperviscosity syndrome. Even more striking is the clinical impact of immunoglobulin overproduction in patients with plasma-cell dyscrasias in which the protein is deposited in vital organs. These . . .
Cardiovascular Event Risk After Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Andrew N. Rassi, Robert W. Yeh
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Dr Hawn and colleagues1 evaluated the risk of undergoing noncardiac surgery following coronary stent placement. The analysis, which examines the outcomes of 28 029 veterans undergoing noncardiac surgery within 24 months of coronary stent implantation, found that emergency surgery and severity of cardiac disease were the principal factors associated with postoperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
Atrophie blanche lesions closely resembling malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease) in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: MARTIN M. BLACK, PETER M. HUDSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are described who in the course of their disease developed small atrophic blanche lesions that closely resembled those found in malignant atrophic papulosis. Preliminary investigation of these two cases indicates that considerable similarities probably exist in the pathogenesis of malignant atrophic papulosis and the atropic blanche lesions of systemic lupus erythematosus. It is concluded that a diagnosis of malignant atrophic Papulosis should only be made after systemic lupus erythematosus has been excluded by full investigation.
Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis During the Reparative Processes Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON, CHRISTIAN DE SCHRYVER, CHIYO CHIBA, JIRO YAMANAKA, RICHARD J. BING
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

The effect of myocardial infarction upon protein and nucleic acid synthesis of the heart was studied. Myocardial infarction was produced in dogs by ligation of branches of the anterior or posterior descending coronary artery. The rate of incorporation of glycine-2-C 14 into heart muscle protein was studied over a period of six weeks. The infarcted tissue showed a rapid diminution in protein synthesis after infarction; on the third day the incorporation into the infarcted tissue rose above normal and reached a maximum on the fourth. The borderline tissue also demonstrated an early increase in protein synthesis with a maximum incorporation 48 hours after infarction. The changes in the concentration of RNA paralleled those of the incorporation of glycine-C 14 . The concentration of DNA increased on the second day after infarction and reached a maximum on the tenth day. Studies on the incorporation of glycine-C 14 into subcellular fractions showed an early renewal of cell material in the infarcted area. Incorporation into nuclear ribosomal fraction increased first, followed by mitochondria and microsomes. The incorporation into "contractile proteins" remained subnormal. The earliest increase in nucleic acid synthesis was observed for "nucleolar RNA " (p- RNA ) followed by nuclear ribosomal RNA . DNA showed an increase in incorporation 48 hours after the infarction. The studies demonstrate the rapid reaction of the heart muscle to injury and the increase in protein and nucleic acid synthesis of infarcted and borderline tissue. The first step in these reactions is the synthesis of nuclear material followed by the reconstruction of mitochondria and microsomes.
DRUGS IRRITANT TO THE KIDNEYS, AND HENCE TO BE AVOIDED IN IMPAIRED KIDNEY FUNCTION.
Authors: TORALD SOLLMANN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The title of this paper really covers two distinct subjects: the study of renal irritants, and the question whether the use of these should necessarily be condemned in the presence of nephritis. I shall reverse this order, and discuss in the first place the question: Is the use of drugs which irritate the kidneys to be prohibited when the renal functions are impaired? <h3>THE GENERAL PROBLEM.</h3> This common opinion, that renal irritants should be avoided in renal diseases, seems to be based rather on<i>a priori</i>conceptions, than on direct experiments or observations. Basing ourselves on analogy, on the common experience of inflammatory processes in other regions which have been better studied, we are doubtless justified in accepting this as a general rule. If it causes us to err at all, the error is apt to be on the safer side. But, after all, may there not
Life Care at Golden Acres
Authors: M. Andrew Greganti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being a Doctor15 November 1992Life Care at Golden AcresM. Andrew Greganti, MDM. Andrew Greganti, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-10-867 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt seemed the right decision for Jim and me. We were most concerned about maintaining our independence as long as possible, but we needed to know that someone would be there when we could no longer care for ourselves. Both of us wanted not to burden our children with our problems. As a life care community, Golden Acres promised everything we could possibly need—a beautiful, rustic setting, on-site health care at all levels—nurse practitioner home visits, a convenient outpatient clinic, sheltered living, skilled nursing care in a well-run health center, and, most of all, the chance to meet new friends... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1992Volume 117, Issue 10Page: 867-868KeywordsChildrenHealth careOutpatient clinics Issue Published: 15 November 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Poor countries lose 15% of their skilled staff to rich countries, UN report says
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Poor and rich countries alike need policies to reduce the serious effects of the medical sector “brain drain” on the world's 50 poorest nations, most of which are in sub-Saharan Africa, a UN report says.

“It's a very real problem, and at present there aren't policies in place,” said Charles Gore, the report's lead author and chief of research and policy analysis at UNCTAD (the UN Conference on Trade and Development), the UN body that promotes the integration of poor countries into the world economy.

“Something has to be done about this: it cannot all rest on the shoulders of the LDCs [least developed countries],” he said . 

The main point of the agency's report is that emigration of skilled workers will continue and that policies need to be crafted to address the serious problems this …
FURTHER STUDIES ON KALA-AZAR
Authors: Claude E. Forkner, Lily S. Zia
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The summary of our experiments (Table V) including data previously reported is as follows: 1. Twenty-two patients were studied, in all of whom the diagnosis of kala-azar was confirmed by puncture of the spleen or liver, with recovery of Leishman-Donovan bodies. 2. Microscopic examination of the nasal secretions revealed typical parasites in twelve (54.5 per cent) of the twenty-two cases. 3. Microscopic examination of smears from the pharyngeal tonsils of ten patients showed parasites in three (30 per cent). 4. The results of intraperitoneal inoculation into hamsters of nasal discharge from fourteen patients proved that the parasites were present and had retained their infectivity in thirteen (92.8 per cent). 5. Intraperitoneal inoculation into animals of sputum or saliva killed many animals before sufficient time had elapsed for the presence or absence of infection with leishmania to be demonstrated. However, in eight cases animals survived and in two of these (25 per cent) transmission of the disease had occurred. 6. Material obtained from the pharyngeal tonsils of two patients, when inoculated intraperitoneally into hamsters resulted in infection with leishmania in both instances. 7. Single inoculations, into the oral and nasal cavities of hamsters, of nasal discharge from five patients have resulted in transmission of leishmaniasis in one instance only, but these experiments are incomplete. 8. Repeated inoculations by the oral and nasal routes of hamsters and of two human volunteers with nasal secretions from patients with kala-azar have not yet been concluded, but to the present date have resulted negatively. 9. Emulsions of material from the pharyngeal tonsil of one patient, when fed to three hamsters in amounts of from 0.1 to 0.2 cc. on one occasion only, resulted in generalized infection with leishmania in each of the animals. 10. Evidence as obtained from the medical literature both for and against the transmission of kala-azar by direct or indirect contact and by means of the bite of the sand-fly is presented.
In-vitro and In-vivo Studies of a Preparation of Urokinase
Authors: G. P. McNicol, S. B. Gale, A. S. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1963)

up-to-date information and critical reviews, abstracts of important papers recently published by sister journals, and more streamlined less discursive articles, we could take a bold step forward in reducing the volume of reading material for our long-suffering colleagues.We would hope also to co-operate with other editors in defining the field of interest in our journals and at all times attempt to cater at least as much for the reader as for the author.We may feel that these problems are becoming more and more urgent in the medical sciences, but more than two thousand years ago, in the heyday of Pompeii, the matter was already causing concern.
Studies in the Pharmacodynamics of Mechlorethamine and AB 100
Authors: Robert K. Ausman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ALKYLATING agents have been used in the Ltreatment of neoplastic disease since 1931, when Adair and Bagg<sup>1</sup>described experiences with topical application of sulfur mustard. Intensive investigation during World War II resulted in a greater appreciation of the usefulness of these compounds. Pharmacological studies of mechlorethamine (methyl-bis [β-chloroethyl] amine) hydrochloride have been conducted almost entirely with biological tests, relying upon the lethality of the agent in the experimental animal to indicate potency. Recently, a colorimetric chemical determination has been developed<sup>2</sup>by which it is possible to quantitate the presence of alkylating agents in aqueous biological media. With this test, many aspects of the basic reactions of mechlorethamine have been studied in order to confirm or repudiate concepts established by less accurate techniques. To gain knowledge as to the final applicability of the alkylating agent test and to determine its potential importance regarding the testing of new alkylating substances
Lifestyle Interventions for Patients With and at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Elizabeth Sumamo Schellenberg, Donna M. Dryden, Ben Vandermeer, Christine Ha, Christina Korownyk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

The effect of multifaceted lifestyle interventions on clinically oriented outcomes across a spectrum of metabolic risk factors and abnormal glucose is unclear.To systematically review the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on minimizing progression to diabetes in high-risk patients or progression to clinical outcomes (such as cardiovascular disease and death) in patients with type 2 diabetes.5 electronic databases (1980 to June 2013), reference lists, and gray literature.Two reviewers independently identified randomized, controlled trials of lifestyle interventions (≥3 months' duration) that included exercise, diet, and at least 1 other component; the comparator was standard care.One reviewer extracted and a second verified data. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality.Nine randomized, controlled trials with patients who were at risk for diabetes and 11 with patients who had diabetes were included. Seven studies reported that lifestyle interventions decreased the risk for diabetes from the end of intervention up to 10 years after it. In patients with diabetes, 2 randomized, controlled trials (which included pharmacotherapy) reported no improvement in all-cause mortality (risk ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.53 to 1.06]). Composite outcomes for cardiovascular disease were too heterogeneous to pool. One trial reported improvement in microvascular outcomes at 13-year follow-up.Most trials focused on surrogate measures (such as weight change, blood pressure, and lipids) for which clinical relevance was unclear.Comprehensive lifestyle interventions effectively decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high-risk patients. In patients who already have type 2 diabetes, there is no evidence of reduced all-cause mortality and insufficient evidence to suggest benefit on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Smoking, Occupational Risk Factors, and Bronchial Tumor Location: A Possible Impact for Lung Cancer Computed Tomography Scan Screening
Authors: Maria Gonzalez, Jean-Michel Vignaud, Christelle Clement-Duchene, Amandine Luc, Pascal Wild, Odile Bertrand, Luc Thiberville, Yves Martinet, Jacques Benichou, Christophe Paris
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Chloramphenicol-Resistant Salmonella typhi in Saigon
Authors: Joel D. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhi was detected in Saigon in September 1971. Subsequently, 163 strains of S typhi were isolated, 46 percent of which were resistant to choramphenicol by the agar-disk method. Sixty-two strains were studied by the broth-dilution method; 37 percent had minimal inhibitory concentrations for chloramphenicol greater than 250mug/ml, but all strains were susceptible to 0.4mug/ml of ampicillin and to a disk of a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim). Persons infected with chloramphenicol-resistant strains of S typhi responded poorly to chloramphenicol alone, but ampicillin or the combination drug was effective.
Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia with Block Around the Ectopic Pacemaker
Authors: BRENDAN PHIBBS
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A case is presented in which an ectopic atrial pacemaker manifested "pacemaker block," a phenomenon analogous to sinoatrial block in the sinoatrial node. This is believed to be the first recorded instance of such a phenomenon.
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS
Authors: Oswald T. Avery, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

1. When two chemically different carbohydrate derivatives are bound to the same protein, the newly formed antigens exhibit distinct immunological specificity. 2. When the same carbohydrate radical is conjugated with two chemically different and serologically distinct proteins both of the sugar-proteins thus formed acquire a common serological specificity. 3. The newly acquired specificity of the artificially prepared sugar-proteins is determined by the chemical constitution of the carbohydrate radical attached to the protein molecules. Simple differences in the molecular configuration of the two isomers,-glucose and galactose-suffice to orientate protein specificity when the corresponding glucosides of the two sugars are coupled to the same protein. 4. The unconjugated glucosides, although themselves not precipitable in immune serum, inhibit the reaction between the homologous sugar-protein and its specific antibody. The inhibition test is specific. 5. The sugar derivatives unattached to protein exhibit the properties of carbohydrate haptens; they are non-antigenic but specifically reactive, as shown by inhibition tests, with antibodies induced by proteins containing the homologous diazotized glucoside. 6. The specificity of artificially prepared sugar-proteins is discussed with reference to the chemo-immunological nature of the bacterial antigens containing complex sugars.
Supplementation of Influenza Split Vaccines with Conserved M2 Ectodomains Overcomes Strain Specificity and Provides Long-term Cross Protection
Authors: Min-Chul Kim, Yu-Na Lee, Eun-Ju Ko, Jong Seok Lee, Young-Man Kwon, Hye Suk Hwang, Jae-Min Song, Byung-Min Song, Youn-Jeong Lee, Jun-Gu Choi, Hyun-Mi Kang, Fu-Shi Quan, Richard W Compans, Sang-Moo Kang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Current influenza vaccines do not provide good protection against antigenically different influenza A viruses. As an approach to overcome strain specificity of protection, this study demonstrates significantly improved long-term cross protection by supplementing split vaccines with a conserved molecular target, a repeat of the influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) expressed on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Intramuscular immunization with H1N1 split vaccine (A/California/07/2009) supplemented with M2e5x VLPs induced M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and shaped the host responses to the vaccine in the direction of T-helper type 1 responses inducing dominant IgG2a isotype antibodies as well as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) producing cells in systemic and mucosal sites. Upon lethal challenge, M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination lowered lung viral loads and induced long-term cross protection against H3N2 or H5N1 subtype influenza viruses over 12 months. M2e antibodies, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells were found to contribute to improving heterosubtypic cross protection. In addition, improved cross protection by supplemented vaccination with M2e5x VLPs was mediated via Fc receptors. The results support evidence that supplementation with M2e5x VLPs is a promising approach for overcoming the limitation of strain-specific protection by current influenza vaccination.
HIV Guide for Primary Care Physicians Stresses Patient-Centered Prevention
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

AFTER YEARS of emphasizing early detection and treatment of HIV infection, the American Medical Association (AMA) is asking primary care physicians to expand their scope of care with more comprehensive prevention efforts. During the XI International Conference on AIDS this week in Vancouver, British Columbia, the AMA unveiled A<i>Physician Guide to HIV Prevention</i>. The document is the AMA's first to offer primary care physicians specific direction for helping patients assess their lifestyle risks and make choices aimed at infection prevention. "We tried to focus on practical steps to use in working with patients," said James R. Allen, MD, MPH, vice president, science, technology, and public health standards at the AMA. The guide, which was peer reviewed by an advisory panel of physicians and HIV/AIDS experts, offers advice on what prevention messages to give as well as how to effectively convey them. "Lecturing is not likely to be effective," Allen
Type II H von willebrand disease: New structural abnormality of plasma and platelet von willebrand factor in a patient with prolonged bleeding time and borderline levels of ristocetin cofactor activity
Authors: Augusto B. Federici, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Rossana Lombardi, Antonella Lattuada, Maria Luisa Colibretti, Judith A. Dent, Theodore S. Zimmerman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract In this study a new variant of type II von Willebrand disease is identified by multimeric analyses of increasing resolving power. Prior to multimeric analysis, the patient was misdiagnosed as carrying an undefined abnormality in platelet function because of his normal von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and low borderline ristocetin cofactor (Ricof) levels. Absence of the largest multimers from the patient's plasma and platelets was shown in a low‐resolution system, but all the multimers were present in his relatives. An abnormality in the complex multimeric structure was demonstrated in both plasma and platelets with high‐resolution agarose gels. The plasma of the proband and of several family members shows a broader central band with a minor, faster moving satellite band differing from the typical “triplet pattern” observed with normal plasma. Platelets show a “doublet” that runs with a mobility different from the “doublet” in normals. Therefore the proband may be either a homozygote or double heterozygote for this new abnormality. Treatment with desmopressin (DDAVP) on several occasions corrected the prolonged bleeding time of the patient only transiently. Factor VIII increased significantly, but vWF: Ag and Ricof responded poorly. We conclude that this vWF abnormality is different from those observed in the other variants (II A–G) previously described. Therefore the proposed designation for this new variant is type II H.
Lymphoscintigraphy in a Case of Merkel Cell Tumor
Authors: WONSICK CHOE, IHSAN HOUSIN, ANA M MELLO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The authors report a rare case of Merkel cell tumor with the findings of lymphoscintigraphy. The study was performed to delineate anatomic lymphatic drainage from the primary skin lesion to help surgeons to decide which lymphatic basin(s) should have elective lymph node dissection. The lesion was situated in the midline on the back and at the border zone in the lumbar area from which it could drain superiorly to the axillary lymph node(s), inferiorly to the inguinal node(s), or to both directions. Because of this location, prediction of the lymphatic drainage by applying conventional anatomical knowledge from the lymphatic atlas was not easy. However, the lymphoscintigraphy was very helpful and subsequent pathologic examination of surgical specimens confirmed the interpretation of the lymphoscintigraphy.
Two Cases of Erysipeloid treated by Penicillin
Authors: G. A. Hodgson
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Later in the day gas could be felt crepitating in the tissues of the abdominal wall and the right foot became frankly gangrenous.That night the patient sank into coma, and death occurred at 11 a.m. on Sept. 13-44 hours after admission to hospital.