tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Liver Histology and Markers of Hepatitis B Virus Replication in Infected Patients: A Study by In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Christopher J. Burrell, Eric J. Gowans, Robert Rowland, Pauline Hall, Allison R. Jilbert, Barrie P. Marmion
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Liver sections from 18 patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and from 12 negative patients, were examined for the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA using an in situ hybridization assay that would identify only those hepatocytes containing more than 10 to 15 HBV genome equivalents per cell. Such cells are likely to be undergoing active viral replication, rather than latent infection. The findings were correlated with results of tissue immunofluorescence for HBV antigens and the presence of serum hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), together with histologic assessment of each liver. HBV DNA detected in the above assay was predominantly cytoplasmic; it was associated with the presence of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in hepatocytes and HBeAg in serum, and to a lesser extent with cirrhosis and immunosuppression, but not with the presence of HBsAg in hepatocytes, nor with histological evidence of disease activity judged by the presence of piece-meal necrosis and lobular and portal tract inflammation. These findings support the view that liver HBcAg and serum HBeAg are markers of virus replication, and demonstrate that active liver disease in HBsAg-positive patients may occur with or without such markers of replication. It is proposed that alternative mechanisms for hepatocyte injury may apply in different chronic HBV patients, one related to virus replication and one dependent on immunological factors.
The Massachusetts Medical Society and the Organization of Public-Health Services — Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Alfred L. Frechette
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

AN invitation from this distinguished society to deliver the Annual Discourse is a signal honor —one that I deeply appreciate and of whose significance I am keenly aware. It may or may not be of some moment that I am the first commissioner of public health to be honored in this way, but, in any case, my emphasis here on matters of public health will not be a "first" in the history of this occasion. A large number of the discourses have been on subjects that are clearly within the area of public health or closely related to it. They . . .
Dissemination of contact activation in plasma by plasma kallikrein.
Authors: C G Cochrane, S D Revak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The dissemination of contact activation of plasma was examined by measuring the cleavage of Hageman factor (HF) molecules on two separate sets of kaolin particles, one of which contained all of the components of the contact activation system, HF, prekallikrein (PK) and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) in whole normal plasma, and the second set of particles containing only HF and HMWK, being prepared with PK-deficient plasma. After mixing of the particles, cleavage of HF on the second set of particles occurred at a rate similar to that occurring on the first set of particles. This indicated that rapid dissemination and burst of activity of the contact reaction takes place in fluid phase. A supernatant factor, responsibel for the dissemination of the contact reaction, was identified as kallikrein. A rapid appearance of cleaved PK (kallikrein) and HMWK on both the kaolin surface and in the supernate was observed. Within 40 s, &amp;gt; 70-80% of the PK and HMWK in the supernate was cleaved. On the surface, approximately 70% of each radiolabeled protein was cleaved at the earliest measurement. Cleavage of PK by activated HF occurred at least 17 times faster on the surface than in the fluid phase, as virtually no cleavage of PK occurred in fluid phase. Each molecule of surface-bound, activated HF was calculated to cleave at a minimum, 20 molecules of PK per minute. It is concluded that the contact activaton of plasma may be divided into three phases: (a) the reciprocal activation of a few molecules of zymogen HF and PK on the surface, with HMWK acting as cofactor to bring these molecules into apposition; (b) the rapid release of kallikrein into the fluid phase and the continued conversion of PK to kallikrein by each surface-bound molecule of activated HF; and (c) the activation by fluid-phase kallikrein of multiple surface-bound HF molecules, and the cleavage of multiple molecules of MHWK both in fluid phase and on the surface by the soluble kallikrein. The evidence suggests that steps b and c account for a great majority of the generation of contact activation of plasma.
Harvey's Legacy
Authors: Howard B. Burchell
Journal: JAMA (1978)

If Harvey were to visit us today, how could we entertain him? What would excite him the most? As we led him through a hospital, headed toward the angiographic laboratory, we might stop transiently to see an arteriovenous shunt created in a person to facilitate renal dialysis, then observe a dialysis procedure with blood from an artery being returned to a vein. Further along in the hospital complex, we might look through the dome of an operating room wherein a cardiopulmonary bypass procedure was under way. He would be predictably awestruck by the descriptions of the complex operations currently being accomplished for congenital heart disease, such as reorientation of flow within the chambers and the construction of new conduits from the ventricles to the great vessels. Later we could pass by a laboratory where a student was studying the capillary circulation in a plastic chamber in a rabbit's ear. Finally
Pheochromocytoma in the Mesosigmoid Following Term Delivery
Authors: John H. Wulsin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ONE MONTH before her expected date of confinement, a 25-year-old mother of six came to the emergency ward of the Cincinnati General Hospital because of the abrupt onset of rapid pulse, dyspnea followed shortly by headache, blurred vision, abdominal pain, nausea, and finally bloody vomiting. Blood pressure was 180/80 mm Hg. Two weeks earlier a like episode had subsided spontaneously. In other respects her pregnancy had been normal, and routine blood pressures in the prenatal clinic had ranged from 98/60 mm Hg to 130/50 mm Hg. Later, she recalled having had a similar experience at the end of a previous pregnancy 18 months before.  She was admitted to the obstetrical service of the Cincinnati General Hospital with the diagnosis of possible myocarditis. Her symptoms subsided promptly on sedation and bed rest. Blood pressure (118/80 mm Hg), pulse (80 beats per minute), and eye grounds were normal, and aside from a
Demonstration of plasma proteinase inhibitors in β2-microglobulin amyloid deposits
Authors: Josep M. Campistol, Tsuranobu Shirahama, Carmela R. Abraham, Orville G. Rodgers, Manel Solé, Alan S. Cohen, Martha Skinner
Journal: Kidney International (1992)

beta 2-microglobulin-related amyloidosis (A beta 2M) represents a frequent complication in long-term dialysis patients. Although the pathogenetic mechanism has yet to be fully understood, it is known that amyloid fibrils usually consist of intact molecules of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). Plasma proteinase inhibitors (PPI) are a broad family of glycoproteins with the function of eliminating unwanted proteolysis of serine proteases. Their role in amyloidogenesis has become a subject of intense discussion, especially since the recent identification of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in the beta-protein amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease. We evaluated immunohistochemically and biochemically the presence and distribution of several PPIs (alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, antithrombin III, alpha 2-macroglobulin and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase) and amyloid P component in A beta 2M deposits in osteo-articular and visceral tissues from dialysis patients with amyloidosis, as well as two carpal tunnel synovia from non-dialysis patients and one Alzheimer's brain as controls. The immunohistochemical study demonstrated that all but one (anti-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) of the PPI antibodies tested showed varying degrees of positive reaction against A beta 2M deposits. All the antibodies (including anti-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin) also reacted to some extent with other non-amyloid visceral and connective tissue elements diffusely and/or selectively. Among them, only the reaction of anti-amyloid P component had significantly distinctive localization to A beta 2M deposits, which were identified in adjacent serial sections by Congo red staining and immunohistochemical reaction against anti-beta 2m.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Calcification of collagen by urine in vitro: dependence on the degree of saturation of urine with respect to brushite
Authors: Charles Y. C. Pak, Belle Ruskin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

A state of supersaturation of urine with respect to brushite is considered to be important in the formation of renal stones composed of calcium phosphate. 56 supersaturated urine specimens and 44 undersaturated specimens were incubated with collagen (Sigma collagen). Most of the supersaturated specimens calcified the collagen, whereas none of the undersaturated ones did so. Among samples which calcified the collagen, whereas none of the undersaturated ones did so. Among samples which calcified the collagen, the activity product of Ca(++) and HPO(4) (=) after incubation with collagen was essentially the same as that after incubation of the same specimen with brushite; it usually differed from that obtained after incubation with octacalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite. The molar calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of the solid phase in collagen was approximately 1. These results suggested that the solid phase formed in collagen is brushite. This conclusion was confirmed by the direct identification of brushite in collagen by X-ray diffraction.
Effect of Topical Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on the Healing of Chronic Diabetic Neuropathic Ulcer of the foot: A pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Jean-Louis Richard, Claire Parer-Richard, Jean-Pierre Daures, Sophie Clouet, Denyse Vannereau, Jacques Bringer, Michel Rodier, Claudine Jacob, Martine Comte-Bardonnet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of topical human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the healing of diabetic neurotrophic foot ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen diabetic patients suffering from chronic neuropathic ulcer of the plantar surface of the foot entered a pilot, randomized, double-blind study comparing local application of bFGF with placebo. Main inclusion criteria were a typical neuropathic ulcer of Wagner grade I-III, more than 0.5 cm in the largest diameter, with an abnormally high vibration perception threshold in the absence of significant peripheral vascular disease or wound infection. bFGF or placebo was applied daily during the 6 weeks as inpatients then twice a week for 12 weeks. Evolution of ulcer size was assessed through weekly clinical examination and computerized photographs. RESULTS In the bFGF group, three of nine ulcers healed compared with five of eight in the placebo group (NS). The weekly reduction in ulcer perimeter and area was identical in both groups, as was the rate of linear advance from entry to the 6th week of treatment (bFGF: 0.053 ± 0.048 mm vs. placebo: 0.116 ± 1.129 mm): the same result was obtained at the 11th week. Moreover, percent healed area at the end of the study did not differ significantly. No side effects were observed during bFGF application. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of bFGF has no advantage over placebo for healing chronic neuropathic diabetic ulcer of the foot. Because diabetes causes significant wound-healing defects, we hypothesized that using a single growth factor might be insufficient to accelerate wound closure of diabetic ulcers.
Finding the Pope in the pizza: Abstract invariants and cognitive constraints on perceptual learning
Authors: John E. Hummel, Philip J. Kellman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Schyns, Goldstone &amp; Thibaut argue that categorization experience results in the learning of new perceptual features that are not derivable from the learner's existing feature set. We explore the meaning and implications of this “nonderivability” claim and relate it to the question of whether perceptual invariants are learnable, and if so, what might be entailed in learning them.
Severe radiation-induced liver disease following localized radiation therapy for biliopancreatic carcinoma: Activation of hepatic stellate cells as an early event
Authors: C Sempoux, Y Horsmans, A Geubel, J Fraikin, B E Van Beers, J Gigot, J Lerut, J Rahier
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Radiation-induced liver disease is recorded as a form of veno-occlusive disease. Its pathogenesis remains unclear even if the initial injury likely occurs in the endothelial cells of central veins. The aim of our study was to investigate liver morphological features in relation to alpha-isoform of smooth muscle actin expression in hepatic stellate cells in six patients treated by localized radiotherapy on the biliopancreatic area. Within the month after completion of treatment, an activation of hepatic stellate cells strictly confined to irradiated areas and coinciding with congestive changes was observed. At a later stage, collagen deposition gradually increased, replacing the congestive and destroyed areas. This new fibrotic tissue also contained numerous alpha-smooth muscle positive cells. Our data suggest that early hepatic stellate cells activation coinciding with congestive changes plays an important role in radiation liver injury and ensuing fibrosis.
Platelet Function Tests in Disease
Authors: Thomas B. Tschopp, Marjorie B. Zucker
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1973)

Abnormal platelet function may result from congenital or acquired disturbances in the platelets themselves or their plasma milieu in patients with hemorrhage or thrombosis. Although standardization is difficult and results overlap between patient groups, certain tests are abnormal in patients with diabetes and atherosclorosis, and in women on oral contraceptives, all of whom have an increased tendency toward thrombosis. In women on oral contraceptive pills containing synthetic estrogen and progesterone, fibrin formation starts earlier and develops more rapidly when assessed by the thrombelastograph, and as in late pregnancy, Factors VII and X are increased. Most studies did not report an increase in platelet adhesiveness or in platelet retention measured in whole citrated blood. An increase in platelet sensitivity to ADP, as measured by electropheretic mobility was observed in 1 study.
Genome-wide analyses on loss of heterozygosity in hepatocellular carcinoma in Southern China
Authors: Sheng-Ping Li, Hui-Yun Wang, Jing-Qin Li, Chang-Qing Zhang, Qi-Sheng Feng, Ping Huang, Xin-Juan Yu, Li-Xi Huang, Qi-Wang Liang, Yi-Xin Zeng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
<i>In vitro</i> generated Rh<sub>null</sub> red cells recapitulate the <i>in vivo</i> deficiency: A model for rare blood group phenotypes and erythroid membrane disorders
Authors: Marie Cambot, Christelle Mazurier, Florence Canoui‐Poitrine, Nicolas Hebert, Julien Picot, Denis Clay, Véronique Picard, Pierre Ripoche, Luc Douay, Anne Dubart‐Kupperschmitt, Jean‐Pierre Cartron
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

Lentiviral modification combined with ex vivo erythroid differentiation was used to stably inhibit RhAG expression, a critical component of the Rh(rhesus) membrane complex defective in the Rh(null) syndrome. The cultured red cells generated recapitulate the major alterations of native Rh(null) cells regarding antigen expression, membrane deformability, and gas transport function, providing the proof of principle for their use as model of Rh(null) syndrome and to investigate Rh complex biogenesis in human primary erythroid cells. Using this model, we were able to reveal for the first time that RhAG extinction alone is sufficient to explain ICAM-4 and CD47 loss observed on native Rh(null) RBCs. Together with the effects of RhAG forced expression in Rh(null) progenitors, this strongly strengthens the hypothesis that RhAG is critical to Rh complex formation. The strategy is also promising for diagnosis purpose in order to overcome the supply from rare blood donors and is applicable to other erythroid defects and rare phenotypes, providing models to dissect membrane biogenesis of multicomplex proteins in erythroid cells, with potential clinical applications in transfusion medicine.
Safety of Long-Acting β-Agonists
Authors: Stuart W. Stoloff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters7 November 2006Safety of Long-Acting β-AgonistsStuart W. Stoloff, MDStuart W. Stoloff, MDFrom University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-9-200611070-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: The citations listed by Salpeter and colleagues (1) to support their recommendations for the use of anticholinergic agents in both acute asthma exacerbations and chronic asthma are, in fact, quoted inaccurately. Rodrigo and Castro-Rodriguez's 2005 meta-analysis clearly states that “inhaled anticholinergic agents with β2-agonists lead to a reduction in admission rates of both children and adults of 30%” (2). No published papers support anticholinergics as monotherapy in acute asthma. Also, the addition of anticholinergics to β2-agonists treatment provided benefit only to patients with moderate to severe obstruction. Westby and colleagues' 2004 paper (3) did not identify any ...References1. Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Meta-analysis: effect of long-acting beta-agonists on severe asthma exacerbations and asthma-related deaths. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:904-12. [PMID: 16754916] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Rodrigo GJ, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Anticholinergics in the treatment of children and adults with acute asthma: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Thorax. 2005;60:740-6. [PMID: 16055613] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Westby M, Benson M, Gibson P. Anticholinergic agents for chronic asthma in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;:CD003269. [PMID: 15266477] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada.Disclosures:Consultancies: AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Schering-Plough, Merck & Co. Inc., Aventis, Altana Pharma, Novartis, Genentech; Honoraria: Merck & Co. Inc., AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Schering-Plough, Aventis, Altana Pharma. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMeta-Analysis: Effect of Long-Acting β-Agonists on Severe Asthma Exacerbations and Asthma-Related Deaths Shelley R. Salpeter , Nicholas S. Buckley , Thomas M. Ormiston , and Edwin E. Salpeter Safety of Long-Acting β-Agonists Graeme P. Currie Safety of Long-Acting β-Agonists Shelley R. Salpeter Safety of Long-Acting β-Agonists Dermot Ryan Safety of Long-Acting β-Agonists Mats Jacob Lindberg Safety of Long-Acting β-Agonists Harold S. Nelson and Paul M. Dorinsky Metrics 7 November 2006Volume 145, Issue 9Page: 707KeywordsAsthmaChildrenConflicts of interestPatientsSafety ePublished: 7 November 2006 Issue Published: 7 November 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Echovirus 9 Meningoencephalitis in Infants and Children
Authors: Ralph E. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Echovirus 9 meningoencephalitis in 196 children was confirmed by the isolation of the virus from the cerebrospinal fluid of each patient. Although the illness was usually mild, one patient died. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocyte counts were unusually high in some patients, and CSF protein content was over 100 mg/100 cc in nine patients. The glucose content of all specimens of cerebrospinal fluid was normal. Echovirus 9 was recovered from 57% of the CSF specimens of patients with a clinical diagnosis of aseptic meningoencephalitis who were studied between May 19, 1968, and Sept 30, 1968. In patients who had specimens from multiple sites available for culture, 76 yielded echovirus 9 from one or more sites, and of these 76 patients, 66 (87%) had virus recovered from a CSF specimen.
Sex and Spermicides: Preventing Unintended Pregnancy and Infection
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Women face two main health risks from the decision to be sexually active: unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Actions taken to prevent a pregnancy may also influence either the occurrence of STDs or their consequences. One contraceptive, the intrauterine device, promotes the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).<sup>1</sup>However, all other contraceptives apparently confer some degree of protection from STDs. The condom, when used correctly, is highly effective in preventing transmission of many STDs.<sup>2</sup>The oral contraceptives reduce the risk of PID.<sup>1,3</sup>Other mechanical and chemical barrier methods may also protect against PID.<sup>4</sup> The results reported by Jick and colleagues (page 1619) provide additional epidemiologic support for some local antibacterial influence of vaginal contraception. Women classified as spermicide "users" had gonorrhea rates only one fourth those of women using either oral contraceptives or having undergone surgical sterilization. Their data also suggest that spermicides may
Case 52-1963
Authors: Earle M. Chapman, Richard B. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of epigastric pain and vomiting.Three weeks before entry the patient experienced the onset of vague, migrating epigastric and substernal pain, associated with anorexia and several episodes of vomiting daily. He became increasingly fatigued and weak, with dyspnea after climbing one flight of stairs and moderate orthopnea. A dry, hacking cough developed. There had been no previous chest pain, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, angina or ankle swelling. He had no chills, fever, jaundice, diarrhea, melena or dysuria, although he had experienced nocturia for several weeks. There . . .
Imagine imaging neural activity in crying infants and in their caring parents
Authors: Steven Laureys, Serge Goldman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Soltis' paper contains little data on the underlying neural substrate of the discussed signal function of early infant crying – probably because there is amazingly little known about it. We here discuss the interest of functional neuroimaging as an objective measurement of brain activity in (1) early infants during crying and (2) parents hearing their offspring cry.