tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Right ventricular outflow tract ventriculartachycardia: Detection of previously unrecognized anatomic abnormalities using cine magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mark D. Carlson, Richard D. White, Richard G. Trohman, Lee P. Adler, Lee A. Biblo, Kenneth A. Merkatz, Albert L. Waldo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma presenting as severe osteoporosis
Authors: W. Atoyebi, M. Brown, J. Wass, T.J. Littlewood, C. Hatton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We report four cases presenting with severe osteoporosis which on further investigation were found to have an underlying lymphoplasmacytoid lymphoma (LPL). Common secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded in each case. Three of the cases responded to treatment with a biphosphonate. As these lymphomas share some common pathological and clinical features with multiple myeloma (MM) an association with osteoporosis is likely to represent more than a coincidental finding. The incidence of osteoporosis occurring with LPL will become clearer if routine imaging is carried out in patients at presentation. Issues relating to the treatment of the osteoporosis as well as the lymphoma arise in patients that present in this way. Based on the model of bone disease in MM, correlating serum levels of osteoclast activating cytokines such as interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) with the actual finding of bone disease provides a basis for future research into the pathogenesis and management of bone disease in these rare forms of low grade non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol. 70:77–80, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An exploratory randomised controlled trial of a public health nutrition intervention delivered in children's centres in Islington and Cornwall
Authors: Richard G Watt, Arabella Hayter, Heather Ohly, Hynek Pikhart, Alizon Draper, Helen Crawley, Pauline McGlone, Lucy Cooke, Laurence Moore, Claire Pettinger, Gail Rees
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Dead space ventilation in normal children and children with obstructive airways diease.
Authors: A A Kerr
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Anatomical dead space was measured in 72 normal children aged from 5 to 16 years, using the single breath method. There was a linear increase in this measurement with height, weight, and end-inspiratory lung volume. Physiological dead space was measured in 52 normal children using the Bohr equation and substituting a rebreathing PCO2 for alveolar PCO2. There was a parallel increase in this measurement with height, weight, and end-inspiratory lung volume. The difference between the two dead space measurements constitutes the alveolar dead space and was constant over the whole age range at 45 +/- 22 ml. The ratio of physiological dead space to tidal volume was 33-6 +/-4-6% and was unaltered by age or change in lung volume. The effect of airways obstruction on the dead space volumes was studied in 36 children with asthma and 28 with cystic fibrosis. Physiological dead space increased with increasing airways obstruction. Anatomical dead space remained constant in spite of marked increases in lung volume associated with the airways obstruction.
Abstract 1146: STK4 downregulation promotes tumor invasion/migration and is associated with poor prognosis in human colon cancer.
Authors: Yu-Cheng Lee, Chia-Ning Yang, Tai-I Hsu, Pei-Jung Lu
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Colon cancer has high incidence rate in the world and the early stage of colon cancer can be cured by surgical therapy. However, it remains difficult to predict the prognostic outcome of colon cancer patients. STK4 is considered as a potential tumor suppressor, which plays an important role in Hippo pathway to control the organ size and the inhibition ability of cell-cell contact. The major aim of this study is focused on the investigation of prognostic value of STK4 in colon cancer. By immunohistochemistry assay, we examined the expression of STK4 in 140 pairs normal and tumor colon cancer specimens. The relationship between STK4 expression and clinicopathological factors as well as patient survival were analyzed and the results showed that STK4 was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to their corresponding non-tumor part (P&amp;lt;0.01) and that was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.003), distal metastasis (P=0.03), disease recurrence and poor survival (P&amp;lt;0.005). Moreover, loss of STK4 expression showed a significant poor outcome in colon cancer patients by univariate and multivariate analysis. These results indicated that there is a positive correlation in STK4 expression and prognosis and survival of colon cancer patients. Loss of STK4 expression displayed poor outcome. The conclusion is that STK4 can be used as a prognostic maker to predict patient survival and play a role in metastasis suppression of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Yu-Cheng Lee, Chia-Ning Yang, Tai-I Hsu, Pei-Jung Lu. STK4 downregulation promotes tumor invasion/migration and is associated with poor prognosis in human colon cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1146. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1146
Discrimination Between Myocardial and Skeletal Muscle Injury by Assessment of the Plasma Ratio of Myoglobin Over Fatty Acid–Binding Protein
Authors: Frans A. Van Nieuwenhoven, Appie H. Kleine, K. Will H. Wodzig, Wim T. Hermens, Hans A. Kragten, Jos G. Maessen, Cees D. Punt, Marja P. Van Dieijen, Ger J. Van Der Vusse, Jan F.C. Glatz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Myoglobin and fatty acid–binding protein (FABP) each are useful as early biochemical markers of muscle injury. We studied whether the ratio of myoglobin over FABP in plasma can be used to distinguish myocardial from skeletal muscle injury. Methods and Results Myoglobin and FABP were assayed immunochemically in tissue samples of human heart and skeletal muscle and in serial plasma samples from 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), from 9 patients undergoing aortic surgery (causing injury of skeletal muscles), and from 10 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In human heart tissue, the myoglobin/FABP ratio was 4.5 and in skeletal muscles varied from 21 to 73. After AMI, the plasma concentrations of both proteins were elevated between ≈1 and 15 to 20 hours after the onset of symptoms. In this period, the myoglobin/FABP ratio was constant both in subgroups of patients receiving and those not receiving thrombolytics and amounted to 5.3±1.2 (SD). In serum from aortic surgery patients, both proteins were elevated between 6 and 24 hours after surgery; the myoglobin/FABP ratio was 45±22 (SD), which is significantly different from plasma values in AMI patients ( P &lt;.001). In patients with cardiac surgery, the ratio increased from 11.3±4.7 to 32.1±13.6 (SD) during 24 hours after surgery, indicating more rapid release of protein from injured myocardium than from skeletal muscles. Conclusions The ratio of the concentrations of myoglobin over FABP in plasma from patients with muscle injury reflects the ratio found in the affected tissue. Since this ratio is different between heart (4.5) and skeletal muscle (20 to 70), its assessment in plasma allows the discrimination between myocardial and skeletal muscle injury in humans.
A method of record linkage.
Authors: A Oshima, F Sakagami, A Hanai, I Fujimoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

In cancer epidemiology, prospective approaches are very important both in testing etiological hypotheses and in evaluating preventive procedures. Prospective studies, however, are very difficult and expensive, because a large number of people and a long period of observation are necessary for a satisfactory study. As a data source for follow-up studies, population-based cancer registry is very useful. The Osaka Cancer Registry has been in operation since December, 1962. Since 1968 the data processing, including the work of collation, has been semicomputerized. In order to identify cancer patients, we use the following six indices: date of birth, first Chinese character of a person's family name, address a: city, ward, town or village, address b: further details. i.e., street, avenue, section, hamlet etc., site, and sex. When we have data on the collation indices for the subjects to be followed up, we can conduct follow-up studies easily and accurately, using a semicomputerized collation method similar to that in the cancer registration system. Because the master file of the Osaka Cancer Registry contains the data of cancer cases reported and all cancer deaths among the residents of Osaka Prefecture, we can follow up the subjects living in Osaka Prefecture and obtain data about vitually all cancer incidences and deaths among them. In this follow-up method by means of record linkage to the cancer registry, some considerations should be taken into account for the following factors; coverage of cancer data in the Osaka Cancer Registry, reliability of the collation method, and address of the subjects to be followed up. As an example of a study with this method, we present the follow-up study of the screenees of a mass screening program for stomach cancer.
Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein Regulates Interferon-Mediated Innate Immunity
Authors: Dakang Xu, Michelle Holko, Anthony J. Sadler, Bernadette Scott, Shigeki Higashiyama, Windy Berkofsky-Fessler, Melanie J. McConnell, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Jonathan D. Licht, Bryan R.G. Williams
Journal: Immunity (2009)
Comparative Genomics of the RBR Family, Including the Parkinson's Disease–Related Gene Parkin and the Genes of the Ariadne Subfamily
Authors: Ignacio Marín, Alberto Ferrús
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Genes of the RBR family are characterized by the RBR signature (two RING finger domains separated by an IBR/DRIL domain). The RBR family is widespread in eukaryotes, with numerous members in animals (mammals, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis) and plants (Arabidopsis). But yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Schizosaccharomyces pombe, contain only two RBR genes. We determined the phylogenetic relationships and the most likely orthologs in different species of several family members for which functional data are available. These include: (1) parkin, whose mutations are involved in forms of familial Parkinson's disease; (2) the ariadne genes, recently characterized in Drosophila and mammals; (3) XYbp and Dorfin, two mammalian genes whose products interact with the centrosome; (4) XAP3,RBCK1, and UIP28, mammalian genes encoding Protein Kinase-C–binding proteins; and (5) ARA54, an androgen receptor coactivator. Because several of these genes are involved in ubiquitination, we used phylogenetic and structural analyses to explore the hypothesis that all RBR proteins might play a role in ubiquitination. We show that the involvement of RBR proteins in ubiquitination predates the animals-plants-fungi divergence. On the basis of the evidence provided by cases of gene fusion, we suggest that Ariadne proteins interact with cullin domain–containing proteins to form complexes with ubiquitin-ligase activity.
The Gains Derived from the Use of the Laryngoscope
Authors: P. Thornton
Journal: BMJ (1874)

iIshow the wonderful effect of hope.I kept my finger on his arm." Come, come", said I, " I'll cure this fellow."The pulse rose with a bound." No, will you though"? he said." I know you can if you will."A slight flush came on his countenance; he recovered without a single bad symptom.
Age at Cancer Diagnosis for Blacks Compared With Whites in the United States
Authors: Hilary A. Robbins, Eric A. Engels, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Meredith S. Shiels
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2015)

Background:Younger ages at diagnosis for blacks compared with whites have been reported for several cancer types. However, the US black population is younger than the white population, which may bias age comparisons that do not account for the populations at risk.
Relationship between energy requirements for Na+reabsorption and other renal functions
Authors: Julius J. Cohen
Journal: Kidney International (1986)

In the mammalian kidney, the use of the ratio, delta net T-Na+/delta Q-O2, provides an overestimate of the energy requirements for unidirectional active Na+ transport. In the proximal tubule, the overestimate of the energy cost for T-Na+ is due to these phenomena: (1) The "leaky" characteristics of the proximal tubule does not permit an accurate estimate to be made of the active fraction of the unidirectional flux of Na+. Thus, the net Na+ or net HCO3- reabsorption rate alone cannot be used to determine the stoichiometry for unidirectional extrusion of Na+ (with HCO3-) by the Na,K-ATPase, since backflux of HCO3- into the lumen occurs. (2) There is a moiety of active Na+ with Cl- along the pars recta. Whether this reabsorptive rate is altered and O2 uptake also changed when GFR or NaHCO3 reabsorption is varied is not yet known. (3) The occurrence of energy-requiring synthetic functions (substrate-interconversions) in the proximal tubule, coupled, in part, to the rate of Na+ entry into the proximal tubule cells, results in changes in renal O2 uptake proportional to some (undetermined) fraction of the change in Na+ reabsorption. The utilization of a portion of these reabsorbed substrates in endergonic syntheses must account for a portion of the Na+-stimulated suprabasal O2 uptake rate. Hence, the presence of synthetic functions in the proximal tubule also contributes to the overestimation of the energy value of net Na+ reabsorption when the ratio, delta net TNa-+/delta Q-O2, is used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Organ Donation: For Whose Sake?
Authors: CARL H. FELLNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The genetically unrelated living kidney-donor volunteer, who comes forward and offers to donate one of his organs to someone in need who is unknown to him, has always been regarded with suspicion and distrust by the medical profession and is now barred altogether from donation. This issue is of interest because progress in tissue typing and matching will bring us fairly soon to the point where, for organ transplantation purposes, the equivalent of a monozygotic twin could be pinpointed in the population at large. I stipulate that volunteer donorship is an act of the highest morality undertaken by the donors out of an inner need, an act essentially for themselves. Those of the medical profession, however, apparently subscribe to that other morality that stresses pity and compassion, doing good to others for the sake of others. The motivation of the unrelated volunteer donor is therefore misunderstood and not honored, and he is rejected.
The Effects of Parathyroid Hormone, Alendronate, or Both in Men with Osteoporosis
Authors: Joel S. Finkelstein, Annmarie Hayes, Joy L. Hunzelman, Jason J. Wyland, Hang Lee, Robert M. Neer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Because parathyroid hormone increases both bone formation and bone resorption, it is possible that combining parathyroid hormone with an antiresorptive agent will enhance its effect on bone mineral density.We randomly assigned 83 men who were 46 to 85 years of age and had low bone density to receive alendronate (10 mg daily; 28 men), parathyroid hormone (40 microg subcutaneously daily; 27 men), or both (28 men). Alendronate therapy was given for 30 months; parathyroid hormone therapy was begun at month 6. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, radial shaft, and total body was measured every six months with the use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Trabecular bone mineral density of the lumbar spine was measured at base line and month 30 by means of quantitative computed tomography. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels were measured every six months. The primary end point was the rate of change in the bone mineral density at the posteroanterior spine.The bone mineral density at the lumbar spine increased significantly more in men treated with parathyroid hormone alone than in those in the other groups (P<0.001 for both comparisons). The bone mineral density at the femoral neck increased significantly more in the parathyroid hormone group than in the alendronate group (P<0.001) or the combination-therapy group (P=0.01). The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine increased significantly more in the combination-therapy group than in the alendronate group (P<0.001). At 12 months, changes in the serum alkaline phosphatase level were significantly greater in the parathyroid hormone group than in the alendronate group or the combination-therapy group (P<0.001 for both comparisons).Alendronate impairs the ability of parathyroid hormone to increase the bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck in men. This effect may be attributable to an attenuation of parathyroid hormone-induced stimulation of bone formation by alendronate.
Pyarthrosis Complicating Gout
Authors: Richard J. Hess
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Pyarthrosis complicating gout is unusual, and not often recognized. An elderly man with chronic tophaceous gout developed staphylococcal septicemia, complicated by multiple areas of sepsis in joints and bursae known to contain sodium biurate crystals. The clinical and laboratory features simulated the acute gout that often accompanies surgery or other severe systemic disease. The true nature of the problem was discovered by meticulous examination of the synovial fluid, including identification of crystals, and appropriate bacteriologic studies.
UK government is criticised for "political decisions" in response to Ebola epidemic
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The UK government’s decision to stop direct flights to west Africa because of the Ebola virus epidemic was not based on science, MPs have said, arguing that flights should be restored immediately.

A report by the Public Accounts Committee into the Department for International Development’s handling of the Ebola outbreak said that “political decisions” had hampered the response to the epidemic.1 The report stated, “The revocation of licences to carriers to fly direct to the region was a political decision with no basis in science and was inconsistent with World Health Organization advice.”

It went on to say that the department has since recognised that this decision caused inconvenience, adding, “In …
Effects of Oestrogen on Urinary Thyroxine Excretion
Authors: V. Chan, G. M. Besser, J. Landon
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The day to day variation and the effects of oestrogen on the urinary excretion of thyroxine (T-4) were studied in euthyroid women and men. Serial urinary T-4 values over a period of 28 consecutive days were found to lie within relatively narrow limits except for a transient increase during menstruation in women. During oestrogen therapy urinary T-4 was unchanged, but an appreciable rise was seen after stopping oral ovulation inhibitors in women. A similar effect was seen in men after three days' treatment with 20 mug/day of ethinyloestradiol. The increased urinary T-4 excretion on oestrogen withdrawal reached a maximum in one to three days. This response contrasted with that produced by phenytoin, a drug known to bind to thyroxine binding globulin, and which resulted in increased urinary T-4 excretion during the period that it was being administered.
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection: a novel cause of lymphocytic variant hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Amy D. Klion, Rojelio Mejia, Edward W. Cowen, Kennichi C. Dowdell, Kieron Dunleavy, Gary A. Fahle, Nicole Holland-Thomas, Irina Maric, Stefania Pittaluga, Mark Raffeld, Carlo Santos, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Tammy Krogmann, Amber N. Shatzer, Siu-Ping Turk, Yuzhi Yin, Liqiang Xi, Calman Prussin, Jeffrey I. Cohen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Dreams: A Random Printout
Authors: J. H. Albright
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The field of cybernetics continues to reveal computerbrain similarities, and the computer programmed to produce poetry is the analogy submitted for consideration. With a program of vocabulary, syntax, and rules of grammar, a random printout has produced a considerable body of "poetry." The argument as to whether or not this represents "creativity" is another subject, although some of the "new" combinations of words have given us some unique examples of metaphor and imagery. What the significant point is about the poetry is that<i>the poetry has no meaning</i>. Thus arises the premise that the brain during sleep demonstrates a random printout phenomenon known as dreaming. The infinite possibilities of the new random combinations of events stored in the brain will inevitably produce many astonishing "dream printouts" but should be regarded as having no more meaning than computer poetry. This concept will be most unacceptable to certain schools
Fenofibrate: a new treatment for hyperuricaemia and gout?
Authors: A L HEPBURN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Allopurinol is the most commonly used drug in the prevention of gout owing to its efficacy and good tolerability. However, some patients still experience hyperuricaemia or gout, or both, despite allopurinol treatment. Fenofibrate is an established treatment for many common lipid disorders and is unique amongst the fibric acid derivatives because of its ability to lower serum urate by increasing renal uric acid clearance.1 This urate lowering property has been demonstrated in healthy volunteers1 and in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with hyperlipidaemia.2-4 

To date, no studies have specifically evaluated the urate lowering effect of fenofibrate in patients with hyperuricaemia receiving established treatment with allopurinol. We report three cases in which micronised fenofibrate, a single dose formulation of the drug, was initiated in patients with established gout and hyperuricaemia, with and without coexisting hyperlipidaemia. Two of these patients were already receiving established allopurinol treatment.

### PATIENT 1

A 74 year old Chinese man had recurrent attacks of gout affecting the metatarsophalangeal joints every two to three months for the preceding three years. He had treated hypertension and polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and had been taking allopurinol 300 mg daily for three months, which produced a serum urate range between 0.40 and 0.44 mmol/l. The 24 hour renal uric acid clearance was 6.4 ml/min (reference range 6–11). Treatment was started with micronised fenofibrate 200 mg daily, and three weeks later his urate had fallen by 35% to 0.26 mmol/l, with the 24 hour uric acid clearance rising to 11.5 ml/min (table 1). Alkaline phosphatase …